,,h>p]',s ,,indoor ,,book ,,= ,,boys    
,illu/ration3 ,,wood-,,work+            
,,h>p]',s                               
,,indoor ,,book                         
,,= ,,boys                              
,,by                                    
,,joseph ,h4 ,,adams                    
,,au?or ,,(                             
8,,h>p]',s ,,electricity ,,book ,,=     
,,boys0                             ,,& 
,,jo9t ,,au?or ,,(                      
8,,h>p]',s ,,outdoor ,,book ,,= ,,boys0 
,,) ,,_m ,,illu/rations                 
,illu/ration                            
,,h>p]  ,,bro!rs ,,publi%]s             
,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london               
,,mcmviii                               
,copyright1 #aijh1 by ,,h>p]  ,,bro!rs4 
,all rights res]v$4                     
,publi%$ ,april1 #aijh4                 
,,cont5ts                               
,,page      ,,introduction              
xi                                   ,"p
 ,i                                     
,,wood-,,work+      ,,*apt]             

,i--,,c>p5try                           
#c          ,,tools3 ,,h[ ,,to ,,use    
,,!m--,,! ,,"w-,,b5*--,a                
,,tool-,,rack--,a                       
,,tool-,,*e/--,,jo9ts--,a ,,l[ ,,b5*--,a
 ,,high ,,b5*--,a ,,/ep-,,b5*--,a       
,,%oe-,,box--,a ,,%oe-,,black+-,,box--,a
 ,,%oe-,,black+-,,l$ge--,,an ,,easel--,a
        ,,clo!s-,,tree--,,hang+         
,,book-,,%elves--,a ,,corn] ,,cab9et--,a
 ,,*air--,a        ,,table--,a          
,,settle--,a ,,susp5d$ ,,settle--,a     
,,coal ,,& ,,wood ,,box--,a             
,,flat-,,iron ,,hold]--,,an             
,,umbrella-,,/&--,a ,,plant-,,box--,a   
,,f9al ,,^w      ,,*apt]                
,,ii--,,wood-,,c>v+                     
#ch          ,,me?od ,,&                
,,mat]ial--,,tools--,a ,,c>v]',s        
,,b5*--,,*ip-,,c>v+--,a        ,,frame  
,,= ,a ,,small ,,clock--,,o!r           
,,designs--,,relief-,,c>v+--,,m\ld+s    
,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,fretwork ,,&          
,,wood-,,turn+                          
#ef          ,,! ,,tools--,,! ,,practice

 ,,( ,,! ,,art--,,! ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,!
        ,,"w--,a ,,mat*-,,safe--,a      
,,wall-,,bracket--,a                    
,,fretwork-,,box--,,o!r                 
,,designs--,,wood-,,turn+      ,,*apt]  
,,iv--,,picture ,,m\nt+ ,,& ,,fram+     
#ga          ,a ,,dut* ,,head           
,,m\nt+--,a ,,d>k ,,c>d ,,m\nt+--,a     
,,triple        ,,m\nt+--,,pla9         
,,fram+--,a ,,sport+ ,,m\nt--,a         
,,r\nd-,,rob9        ,,m\nt+            
,"p ,,ii                                
,,metal-,,work+      ,,*apt]            
,v4--,,v5etian ,,& ,,flor5t9e           
,,metal-,,"w                         #ha
          ,,tools ,,& ,,mat]ial--,a     
,,lamp-,,scre5--,,patt]n-,,mak+--,a     
,,/&>d ,,scre5--,a ,,c&le/ick--,a       
,,c&elabra--,a ,,fairy ,,lamp--,a       
,,burn$-,,mat* ,,hold]--,a              
,,photograph-,,frame--,a                
,,h&k]*ief-,,box--,a                    
,,sign-,,bo>d--,,d\ble ,,doorway        
,,grille--,a ,,moori% ,,lant]n          
,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,metal-,,b\nd ,,"w      

#ajc          ,a ,,metal-,,b\nd         
,,box--,a ,,wood-,,hold]--,a            
,,plant-,,box--,a ,,coal-,,box--,a      
,,table-,,lamp--,a ,,hang+-,,lamp--,a   
,,hang+-,,plant ,,box      ,,*apt]      
,,vii4--,,decorative ,,h>dw>e           
#aae          ,,mat]ials ,,&            
,,tools--,,escut*eons--,,%ort           
,,h+e-,,/raps--,,long                   
,,h+e-,,/raps--,,draw]-,,pulls ,,&      
,,h&le-,,plates--,,door-,,plates--,,l>ge
                                        
,,lock-,,plates--,,door-,,knock]s ,,&   
,,miscellane\s ,,ornam5ts      ,,*apt]  
,,viii4--,,wire-,,"w                    
#abe          ,a ,,bird-,,cage          
,,bracket--,a ,,photograph ,,easel--,a  
,,mat*-,,box--,a ,,fairy                
,,lamp--,a ,,picture-,,frame--,a        
,,glove-,,box--,a ,,w9d[-,,grille       
,,*apt] ,,ix4--,,gas ,,& ,,electric     
,,%ades                                 
#acc          ,a ,,simple               
,,gas-,,%ade--,,ano!r ,,gas-,,%ade--,a  
,,metal ,,%ade--,,an                    

,,electric-,,light ,,scre5--,a          
,,bell-,,%ap$ ,,%ade--,a ,,pe>-,,%ap$   
,,%ade--,a        ,,dome-,,%ap$         
,,%ade--,,ano!r ,,d9+-,,room ,,%ade--,a 
,,canopy--,a ,,panel        ,,%ade      
,,*apt] ,x4--,,relief ,,et*+            
#aci          ,,equipm5t--,,! ,,te*nique
 ,,( ,,! ,,process--,,! ,,acid          
,,solution--,,"s        ,,typical       
,,designs                               
,"p ,,iii                               
,,h\sehold ,,arts      ,,*apt]          
,,xi4--,,clay-,,modell+ ,,&             
,,pla/]-,,ca/+                          
#aea          ,,tools ,,& ,,me?ods--,,! 
,,te*nique ,,( ,,! ,,art--,,glue ,,&    
,,gelat9e        ,,m\lds--,,holl[       
,,ca/+--,,modell+ ,a                    
,,foot--,,bas-,,relief ,,modell+--,a    
,,m$allion ,,head--,,co9 ,,& ,,metal    
,,ca/s--,,pla/]-,,ca/+ ,,9              
,,g5]al--,,h[ ,,to ,,f9d ,,& ,,m\nt     
,,signets      ,,*apt]                  
,,xii4--,,pyrography                    
#agj          ,,fire-,,et*+ ,,on ,,wood 

,,& ,,lea!r--,,explanation ,,(          
,,me?ods--,a        ,,plat9um-,,po9t    
,,outfit--,a ,,v>iety ,,( ,,"w ,,on     
,,wood--,,sugge/ive                     
,,designs--,,lea!r-,,"w      ,,*apt]    
,,xiii4--,,bookb9d+ ,,&                 
,,extra-,,illu/ration                   
#ahf          ,,%eets ,,&               
,,signatures--,,! ,,tools--,,!          
,,practice ,,( ,,!                      
,,art--,,reb9d+ ,,books--,,h[ ,,to      
,,extra-,,illu/rate ,a ,,book--,a       
,,circulat+ ,,libr>y      ,,*apt]       
,,xiv4--,,magic ,,lant]ns ,,&           
,,/]eopticons                           
#bjc          ,a ,,home-,,made ,,magic  
,,lant]n--,a ,,/]eopticon--,,lant]n     
,,slides ,,by                           
,,contact-,,pr9t+--,,lant]n ,,slides    
,,by ,,r$uction      ,,*apt]            
,,xv4--,,pr9t+1 ,,/amp+1 ,,& ,,emboss+  
#bbb          ,a ,,simple ,,flat-,,b$   
,,press--,,an ,,upright ,,press--,a     
,,lev]-,,press--,,/amp+--,,emboss+      
,"p ,,iv                                

,,r\nd ,,ab\t ,,! ,,h\se      ,,*apt]   
,,xvi4--,a ,,h\se ,,gymnasium           
#bcg          ,,indoor ,,physical       
,,developm5t--,,dumb-,,bells--,,indian  
,,clubs--,,cali/h5ic ,,w&s ,,&          
,,ball-,,b>s--,,sw++-,,r+s--,,trapeze   
,,b>s--,,p>allel ,,b>s--,a ,,floor      
,,horizontal ,,b>--,,/rik+-,,bags--,a   
,,m$ic9e-,,ball--,,pulley-,,weights ,,& 
,,ex]cis]s--,,an ,,attic ,,gymnasium    
,,*apt] ,,xvii4--,a ,,m9iature ,,!atre  
#bei          ,,arrangem5t ,,&          
,,light+--,,sc5]y ,,& ,,equipm5t--,,!   
,,puppets      ,,*apt] ,,xviii4--,,fitt+
 ,,up ,a ,,boy',s ,,room                
#bfg          ,,simple ,,me?ods ,,&     
,,mat]ials--,a ,,pla9 ,,*air--,,an ,,odd
 ,,*air--,a        ,,morris ,,*air--,a  
,,settle--,a ,,box-,,desk--,a           
,,writ+-,,table--,a ,,:atnot--,a        
,,treasure-,,*e/--,,/udy+-,,table ,,&   
,,/ool      ,,*apt] ,,xix4--,,pa9t+1    
,,decorat+1 ,,& ,,/5cill+               
#bhc          ,,h[ ,,to ,,mix ,,& ,,use 
,,pa9ts--,,s*emes ,,(                   

,,decoration--,,decorat+        ,a      
,,b$room--,a ,,boy',s ,,room--,,ano!r   
,,plan ,,= ,a ,,room--,a                
,,nurs]y--,,/5cill+      ,,*apt]        
,,xx4--,,nooks ,,= ,,books              
#cjb          ,a ,,v>iety ,,(           
,,practical ,,designs--,a               
,,wall-,,rack--,a ,,book-,,ne/--,,ano!r 
,,book-,,rack--,a ,,corn]-,,nook--,a    
,,book-,,t[]--,,hang+-,,%elves--,a      
,,book-,,ca/le--,a ,,book-,,*air--,a    
,,book-,,table--,a ,,magaz9e-,,rack--,a 
,,box        ,,book-,,case--,a ,,nurs]y 
,,book-,,rack--,,ano!r ,,book-,,rack--,a
 ,,h&y ,,piece        ,,(               
,,furniture--,a ,,book-,,l$ge ,,& ,,/ool
      ,,*apt] ,,xxi4--,,clocks ,,&      
,,timepieces                            
#cba          ,,designs ,,&             
,,mat]ials--,a ,,bracket-,,clock--,a    
,,mantel-,,clock--,a                    
,,wall-,,clock--,a ,,high               
,,wall-,,clock--,,an ,,odd              
,,mantel-,,clock--,a                    
,,%elf-,,clock--,,an ,,old-,,/yle       

,,timepiece      ,,*apt]                
,,xxii4--,,scre5s1 ,,%oe-,,boxes1 ,,&   
,,w9d[ ,,seats                  #cca    
,a ,,light-,,scre5--,a                  
,,fire-,,scre5--,a ,,%oe-,,scre5--,a    
,,b$room-,,door        ,,scre5--,a      
,,heavy ,,fire-,,scre5--,a ,,w9d[-,,seat
 ,,) ,,"u ,,l$ge--,a        ,,%oe-,,box 
,,seat--,a ,,dress+-,,room ,,settle--,a 
,,%ort ,,settle--,a                     
,,foot-,,re/--,a ,,comb9ation           
,,%oe-,,box ,,& ,,seat--,a ,,d\ble      
,,%oe-,,box ,,&        ,,seat--,a       
,,curv$-,,back ,,w9d[-,,seat--,a        
,,w9d[-,,seat ,,& ,,%oe-,,box           
,,*apt] ,,xxiii4--,,h\sehold            
,,conv5i5ces                            
#cdg          ,a ,,plate-,,rail--,a     
,,cup ,,& ,,plate ,,rack--,a ,,cup ,,&  
,,plate ,,pyramid--,a        ,,butl]',s 
,,tray--,,cup-,,p9s ,,&                 
,,bru%-,,rack--,,lock-,,%elves--,a      
,,vegetable-,,b9--,a ,,spoon-,,b> ,,&   
,,saucepan-,,rack--,a ,,m$ic9e-,,*e/--,a
        ,,conv5i5t ,,plant-,,tray--,,an 

,,indisp5sable ,,clo!s-,,press--,a      
,,divan--,a        ,,corn]              
,,dress+-,,table          ,,introduction
      ,! success ( ,h>p]'s ,outdoor     
,book = ,boys seems to insure a  welcome
 = an indoor h&y book1 equally practical
 & compreh5sive1  :i* %all %[ h[ leisure
 "t indoors c be sp5t mo/ pleasantly  & 
pr(itably4 ,:5 /ress ( wea!r1 or ! com+ 
( long w9t]  ev5+s1 or any o!r reason   
gives ! indoor "p ( life a l>g]         
importance1 ?is indoor h&y book w be    
f\nd an invaluable  companion4 ,good    
books & good games h _! value always1 b 
!re is also a l>ge place = ! joy (      
actual accompli%m5t4 ,x  is good to d   
?+s4 ,x is wor? :ile to le>n to use h&s 
& eyes  9 ! production ( work+ results4 
,& :51 z 9 ! case ( !  explanation ( ?is
 book1 a*ievem5t goes h& 9 h& )         
amusem5t1  x is cle> t ,mr4 ,adams & 8  
associates are ! be/ ( companions  = an 
indoor day or ev5+4    ,exp5sive tools &
 app>atus are n call$ =4 ,a boy %\ld h  
good  b n necess>ily co/ly tools1 & he  

%\ld take prop] c>e ( !m4  ,fur!rmore1  
:e!r 8 work+-place is 9 8 room or       
else:]e1 he  %\ld feel t he is put ^u 8 
honor to remove any rubbi% & to  avoid  
injury to floor or walls4 ,let u und]/& 
at ! outset t  ! explanation 9 ^! pages 
c be foll[$ at v little exp5se1  b 9 ?is
 "w1 z 9 ev]y?+ else1 common-s5se is    
necess>y4 ,to  use "o tool = "w to :i*  
ano!r is adapt$1 or to neglect "o's     
implem5ts1 or all[ !m to get wet & to   
ru/ or to become hopelessly  dull$ or   
nick$1 is a sign ( %iftlessness4 ,a good
 workman always takes  c>e ( 8 tools1 & 
he also keeps 8 "w-b5* 9 ord]4 ,! v     
m5tion ( "w 9 a boy's room1 or ev5      
indoors1 may excite fe>s (  disord] on !
 "p ( ! "m2 b exp]i5ce has %[n t )  c>e 
on ! "p ( ! boy1 & "s concessions f !   
"m1 ^!  fe>s are gr\ndless4    ,x is    
desirable t a boy %\ld h a place1 :e!r x
 be 9 !  cell> or attic1 or a corn] ( 8 
room1 def9itely devot$ to 8 own  "w4 ,x 
is also a useful tra9+ = him to feel t  
he is put ^u  honor bo? to conf9e 8 "w  

to 8 own b\nds1 & also to 8tidy up0     
:5ev] he leaves 8 task4 ,) a little     
pati5ce & ov]sight all  ?is c be adju/$ 
to ! mutual satisfaction ( ! h\sehold & 
!  boy4    ,9 addition to ! tra9+ 9     
v>i\s directions :i* we h  indicat$1 !  
sugge/ions 9 ^! pages w help ! boy to   
make  ?+s :i* are useful--to become a   
contributor to 8 home4 ,a glance at  !  
,table ( ,cont5ts %[s1 "u 8,wood-work+10
 an introduction to  ! use ( c>p5t]s'   
tools1 & in/ructions 9 mak+             
picture-frames  & ornam5t$ wood-c>v+4 ,(
 late ye>s ornam5tal "w = lamps1        
sconces1 h+es1 & a v>iety ( purposes has
 /eadily gr[n 9  favor1 & ! second      
division ( ! book tells h[ a great      
v>iety  ( decorative & useful objects 9 
metal may be made4 ,:5 s mu*  exp]i5ce  
has be5 ga9$1 ! boy c readily take up m 
advanc$  "w1 su* z modell+ 9 clay1 &    
pla/] ca/+2 bookb9d+1 &  ! k9dr$ craft (
 extra-illu/ration2 pyrography1 or      
decorative "w  9 burnt wood2 pr9t+1     
/amp+1 & emboss+2 & ! con/ruction  & use

 ( ! /]eopticon4 ,9 ,"p ,,iv4 ! "y      
craftsman is %[n h[  he may employ !    
te*nical k he has acquir$ 9 ! fitt+ up  
& decoration ( 8 room2 9 ! build+ &     
op]at+ ( a m9iature  !atre2 9 !         
in/allation ( a home gymnasium2 & 9 !   
mak+  ( v>i\s objects ( ornam5t &       
utility = ! h\sehold4 ,amateur          
photography has be5 purposely omitt$1   
s9ce !re are _m excell5t  & practical   
manuals on ! subject t h be5 publi%$ by 
!  v>i\s cam]a manufactur]s = gratuit\s 
di/ribution4 ,x is easy  to see !       
possibilities = usefulness1 = beauty1 & 
= amusem5t  9 ! home1 :i* are br\ght )9 
rea* 9 ^! pages2 & ^!  in/ructions also 
repres5t possibilities = e>n+ money4 ,91
 s*ools  :]e manual tra9+ receives      
att5tion1 &1 inde$1 9 any s*ool  libr>y1
 ?is book w prove peculi>ly useful4     
,"h1 z 9 ! ,outdoor ,h&y ,book1 x has   
be5 kept 9 m9d t !re  w be nei!r fun nor
 pr(it 9 do+ ^! ?+s unless ! way is     
made cle>1 & x is c]ta9 t ! desir$      
results w foll[ if  ! directions are    

c>ri$ out4 ,ev]y?+1 !re=e1 has be5 te/$1
  & all ! in/ructions are put 9 simple1 
practical =m4 ,x is a  fri5dly1         
well-tri$1 & reliable h\sehold companion
 t comes to  "y ,am]icans 9 ,h>p]'s     
,indoor ,book = ,boys4          ,"p ,i  
,,wood-,,work+          ,*apt] ,i       
,,c>p5try      ,c>p5try1 or ! sci5ce (  
mak+ ?+s out ( wood1 is ! olde/  & comes
 ! close/ to u ( any ( ! appli$ arts &  
crafts4  ,! e>lie/ m5 made clubs at     
lea/4 ,lat] !y began to build1 to       
con/ruct1 & x is int]e/+ to rememb] t   
?is ability to  con/ruct is a faculty   
%>$ ) man by ! animals4 ,!re are _m     
species ( birds t build well-design$    
ne/s2 ! spid] is a weav]2  ! bee is a   
geometrician2 ! ant is a tunnel build]2 
! beav]1  9 ! con/ruction ( 8 dams &    
breakwat]s1 displays eng9e]+  ability ( 
a high ord]4 ,! vital diff]5ce betwe5 ! 
animal & !  human intellig5ce lies 9 !  
fact t ! latt] is progressive4 ,!  spid]
 weaves j ! same patt]n to-day t he did 
:5 ! ,pyramids  7 "y2 ! ma!matical      

section ( ! bee cell is inv>iable2 !    
mud-swall[s build ! same k9d ( h\ses z  
_! remote/ ance/ors4  ,! common         
explanation is t in/9ct & n reason      
guides ! animal  9 8 "w1 & in/9ct is a  
reproductive faculty1 n an inv5tive  "o4
 ,x is = man alone to progress f ! crude
 beg9n+s ( an art  to its highe/ & mo/  
p]fect developm5t4    ,p]haps ! fir/ &  
mo/ urg5t ne$ ( all liv+ creatures is = 
%elt]4 ,! oriole weaves 8 hang+ ne/2 !  
beav] con/ructs 8  wond]fully dom$ h\se2
 primitive man builds 8 hut ( int]lac$  
b\ghs4 ,b x is man alone :o is n cont5t 
) ! fir/ crude  ef=ts2 he is con/antly  
aim+ aft] some?+ m sub/antial &  bett]  
adapt$ to 8 increas+ ne$s4 ,s man       
becomes ! true build]1  & z wood is !   
simple & almo/ univ]sally obta9able     
mat]ial1  c>p5try1 or ! art ( work+ 9   
wood1 /&s at ! head ( !  appli$ sci5ces 
^u :i* ! civilization ( ! race dep5ds4  
,! av]age boy takes to c>p5try z        
naturally z ducks take to wat]1  &      
beg9n+ ) ! tacks a baby boy w hamm] 9 a 

bo>d1 !  "y build] goes on f ! simple to
 ! m complex =ms until  he atta9s ! full
 ma/]y ( 8 mat]ial & 8 tools4 ,he has n[
  obta9$ ! dignity ( manhood2 he is a   
mak] ( ?+s4    ,once pr(ici5t 9 ! art ( 
cutt+1 jo9+1 & fa/5+ wood-"w1  & 9 ! use
 & c>e ( tools1 a boy may beg9 to call  
himself a  c>p5t]4 ,b he mu/ le>n to "w 
sy/ematically & accurately if  he is ev]
 to become a g5u9e craftsman4 ,9 ! fir/ 
place1 he %\ld  und]/& ! possibilities &
 limitations ( 8 tools4 ,he %\ld  nev]  
use a *isel = a screw-driv]1 nor drive  
nails ) ! butt  end ( a plane4 ,good    
tools %\ld h good c>e4 ,inanimate ?+s t 
!y are1 !y yet res5t ill-usage1 &       
retaliate1 9 _! own way1  by becom+ dull
 & o!rwise unfit = _! "w4 ,inde$1 a good
  c>p5t] may be kn[n by ! condition ( 8 
tool-*e/ & "w-b5*4  ,c>p5try1 :5 prop]ly
 c>ri$ on1 is a mo/ fasc9at+ occupation 
= out-(-s*ool h\rs1 especially 9 ! w9t] 
season1 :5 bad  wea!r keeps "o indoors4 
,ne$less to say1 x may be made a        
pr(itable  way ( pass+ "t z well z an   

amus+ "o4      ,tools    ,! tools t a   
boy w ne$ 9 ord] to d good jo9]-"w %\ld 
be  ! same z c>p5t]s use1 b !y may be   
small] & n s cumb]some  to h&le4 ,! set 
( tools 9 a *e/1 put up = ! use ( *ildr5
  & sold at toy%ops1 are n ! sort t c be
 reli$ ^u = good  c>p5try "w1 s9ce !y   
are usually dull & made ( s(t /eel t  w 
n hold an edge4 ,possibly ! manufactur] 
?9ks t he is  ju/ifi$ 9 turn+ out ?is   
k9d ( rubbi%1 be>+ 9 m9d ! old  say+1   
8,*ildr5 %\ld n play ) edg$ tools40 ,b !
 boy :o is  old en\gh to take up c>p5try
 9 e>ne/ is entitl$ to ! use ( good  &  
s]viceable implem5ts1 & )\t !m x is     
h>dly wor? :ile  />t+ at ! bus9ess4     
,competition has br\ght d[n ! co/ ( good
 tools to a po9t :]e  !y are n beyond ! 
means ( ! av]age boy :o is prep>$ to    
save  8 pocket-money4 ,x is bett] to    
pur*ase only a small kit at fir/1  & !n 
to add to x f "t to "t1 until ! complete
 outfit is  obta9$4    ,good tools may  
be pur*as$ at ne>ly e h>dw>e %op or     
g5]al  /ore ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,= ord9>y 

"w y w require a  good rip & cross-cut  
saw1 ) tw5ty & tw5ty-f\r in* blades1    
respectively2 a claw-hamm]1 & a small]  
"o2 a wood5 mallet =  *isels1 & to knock
 toge!r ! lap jo9ts ( wood2 a jack & a  
smoo?+ plane2 a compass-saw2 a brace &  
sev]al sizes ( bitts1  rang+ f a qu>t]  
to "o in* 9 diamet]2 a draw-knife2 a    
squ>e2  awls2 pli]s2 a rule2 sev]al     
firm]-*isels1 & a screw-driv]4 ,!re  are
 _m o!r useful tools1 b !y may be add$ z
 !y are requir$4    ,x is a difficult   
matt] to in/ruct a boy1 by writt5       
description1 h[  to h&le tools2 & r ?an 
attempt x1 ,i %\ld advise ! "y  workman 
to wat* a c>p5t] at 8 "w4 ,mo/ c>p5t]s  
are q  will+ to h y foll[ _! movem5ts1 &
 _m ( !m w ev5  (f] advice1 if !y see t 
y are really int]e/$4 ,b rememb]  t a   
good workman nev] likes to h a boy m$dle
 ) 8 tools1 &  y %\ld n ask fooli% or   
unnecess>y que/ions4    ,p]haps !re is a
 c>p5t]'s %op ne> y\r home 9 :i* ! own] 
may  let y "w occasionally 7if y keep   
out ( 8 way71 & :]e1 9  ! atmosph]e ( ! 

craft1 y w make fa/] progress ?an y c   
possibly d at home ) no "o to tell or %[
 y h[ ?+s %\ld be  done4      ,! ,"w-b5*
    ,"o ( ! indisp5sable pieces (       
equipm5t = ! boy c>p5t] is a  good      
"w-b5*4 ,! b5* mu/ be sub/antially made1
 & provid$ )  a plan+-/op1 a vise1 & a  
draw] 9 :i* to keep small tools1 nails1 
screws1 & ! v>i\s odds & ends t are     
employ$ 9 c>p5try4    ,to beg9 )1 obta9 
f\r spruce or :ite-wood /icks1 ?ree     
in*es  squ>e & ?irty-six in*es long1    
plan$ on all sides4 ,^! are = !  legs4  
,y w also ne$ two pieces ( cle> p9e1 or 
:ite-wood1 ?ree  feet long & six in*es  
wide1 & two m ! same l5g? & ?ree  in*es 
wide4 ,^! pieces %\ld be "o & an eigh?  
in*es ?ick1 &  plan$ on all sides &     
edges4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4      
,,fig4 #b4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,fig4 
#e4    ,lay two ( ! legs on ! floor1    
?ree feet ap>t1 & jo9 ! ends  ) "o ( !  
six-in* /rips4 ,six in*es up f ! free   
ends fa/5  a n>r[ /rip1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b
 ,a4 ,?is f9i%es "o ( ! end  supports4  

,flat-head$ iron screws1 two & a half   
in*es long1 %\ld be  us$ = ! unions1 & a
 tight] jo9t may be secur$ by also us+  
glue4    ,prep>e1 9 simil> fa%ion1 ! o!r
 pair ( legs1 &1 ) two pieces  ( cle>   
p9e1 or :ite-wood1 five feet long1 eight
 in*es wide1 &  sev5-eigh?s ( an in*    
?ick1 b9d ! f\r legs toge!r1 z %[n 9    
,fig4 #c4 ,y %\ld all[ ! bo>ds to       
project six in*es beyond ! legs  at bo? 
ends4 ,^! pieces are ! side-rails1 or   
aprons1 & !y %\ld  be securely fa/5$ )  
glue & screws to ! upp] end ( ea* leg4  
,at ! back ( ! b5* arrange two braces ( 
wood1 ?ree in*es wide  & sev5-eigh?s (  
an in* ?ick1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,bevell$ 
laps are  to be cut 9 ! side ( two legs1
 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b ,b1 into :i* !  ends (
 ! /rips w fit flu%4 ,! upp] ends ( !   
/rips are to  be mitr$ 7cut at an       
angle71 & atta*$ to ! inside ( ! apron1 
z  %[n 9 ,fig4 #c4    ,= ! top ( ! b5*  
use cle> p9e plank+ n less ?an "o in*  9
 ?ickness4 ,?is %\ld be fitt$ closely   
toge!r1 & fa/5$ to !  cross-pieces ) /\t

 screws4    ,f h>d-wood a piece %\ld be 
%ap$ = a vise-jaw ?irty-two in*es  long1
 ?ree in*es wide at ! bottom1 & sev5    
in*es wide at ! top4  ,ne> ! bottom ( ! 
jaw an oblong hole %\ld be cut to       
receive !  end ( a slid+ piece1 :i* 9   
turn is provid$ ) sev]al holes  = a peg 
to fit into4 ,a correspond+ oblong hole 
is cut ne> ! foot  ( "o leg1 ?r\gh :i* !
 piece conta9+ ! holes w pass4 ,?is  la/
 regulates ! spread ( ! jaw4 ,?is       
con/ruction may be se5  9 ,fig4 #d1 &   
its f9al position is %[n 9 ! illu/ration
 ( !  f9i%$ b5* 7,fig4 #a74    ,ne> !   
top ( ! jaw a hole is cut to receive !  
screw t is turn$  ) ! lev]-/ick to      
tight5 ! jaw4 ,a b5*-screw may be       
pur*as$  at any h>dw>e /ore1 & fitt$ to 
! "w-b5*4 ,if x %\ld prove  too mu* ( an
 und]tak+ = ! y\?ful workman1 a c>p5t] w
 put  x 9 place at a trifl+ co/4 ,! wood
 screws are ! *eape/1 b !  /eel ones are
 ! mo/ satisfactory1 & w co/ ab\t "o    
doll> =  a small "o4    ,f ! apron 7at !
 front ( ! b5*7 a piece %\ld be cut     

fifte5  in*es long & six in*es wide4    
,?is op5+ w admit a draw] ( !  same wid?
 & height1 & z deep z may be desir$4    
,tw5ty-f\r in*es  w be q deep en\gh4    
,rabbets are cut 9 ! ends ( a front     
piece1 & ! sides are let  into !m1 z %[n
 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,! bottom & back are fa/5$ 
9 )  screws1 & ! draw] is arrang$ to    
slide on runn]s t are fa/5$  across !   
b5* inside ! aprons1 z %[n 9 ! upp]     
corn] ( ,fig4  #c4    ,at ! front ( !   
draw] a cove may be cut out1 & a ?9     
plate (  iron screw$ fa/ across ! top ( 
x1 s t ! f+]s may be pass$  9 beh9d !   
plate to pull out ! draw] 7,fig4 #e74 ,x
 w n d to  use a project+ draw]-pull1 z 
t w\ld int]f]e ) pieces (  "w :5 clamp$ 
9 ! vise4 ,9 plan+ /rips1 or bo>ds1 t   
are  too long = ! vise to hold securely1
 a wood5 peg1 ins]t$ 9 a hole  at !     
opposite end ( ! apron f ! vise1 w be   
f\nd conv5i5t4  ,two or ?ree holes may  
be made = bo>ds ( diff]5t wid?s1 & !    
peg adju/$ to ! prop] "o z occasion     
requires4    ,a plan+-/op1 ) tee?1 may  

be pur*as$ at a h>dw>e /ore & set  9    
place ne> ! vise-jaw4 ,! complete b5* w 
!n be ready = use4      ,a ,tool-rack   
,= ! accommodation ( *isels1 g\ges1     
screw-driv]s1 awls1  compass-saws1      
pli]s1 & o!r small tools a tool-rack w  
be f\nd  conv5i5t4 ,x %\ld be fa/5$     
aga9/ ! wall imm$iately ov] !  "w-b5*4  
,! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #f is ?irty-six in*es 
long & twelve in*es high1  ) a l$ge     
project+ two in*es f ! back-bo>d4 ,a    
lea!r /rap  is caught along ! upp] "p ( 
! bo>d ) nails to =m loops1  into :i* ! 
tools are slipp$4    ,! l$ge is made f  
two /rips ( wood4 ,"o ( !m1 "o & a  half
 in*es 9 wid?1 is cut ) a saw1 z %[n 9  
,fig4 #g1 & !  sup]flu\s wood1 betwe5 ! 
saw-cuts1 is remov$ ) a *isel4 ,:5  all 
! not*es are cut1 a n>r[ /rip1 half an  
in* 9 wid?1 is  screw$ fa/ to ! not*$   
/rip4 ,! l$ge is !n atta*$ to !  l[]    
edge ( ! back-bo>d ) long screws1 z     
indicat$ 9 !  illu/ration4      ,a      
,tool-cab9et    ,! hang+ tool-cab9et %[n
 9 ,fig4 #h %\ld be con/ruct$ ) two     

doors ( ne>ly equal size1 s t f\r in/ead
 ( two surfaces may be  available1 aga9/
 :i* to hang tools4    ,! body "p ( !   
*e/ is ?irty in*es high1 tw5ty in*es    
wide1  & n9e in*es deep1 outside        
measure4 ,x is made ( wood ?ree-qu>t]s  
( an in* 9 ?ickness1 fa/5$ toge!r )     
screws & glue1 &  v>ni%$ to improve its 
appe>ance4    ,! "r side ( ! cab9et is b
 ?ree & a half in*es wide1 & to  ?is !  
inn] door is made fa/ ) h+es1 s t x w   
sw+ 9  aga9/ a /op-m\ld+ on ! opposite  
side1 z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,a  small 
bolt w fa/5 ! door 9 place :5 %ut 91 &  
on bo? sides  ( ?is door hooks & pegs   
may be arrang$ = ! reception ( tools4   
,! back-bo>d ( ! cab9et may be us$ =    
hang+ saws1 squ>es1 &  o!r flat tools1 z
 indicat$ 9 ,fig4 #h4    ,! out] door is
 provid$ ) a side-/rip 7,fig4 #i ,b7 (  
su* size  t :5 ! doors are clos$ 9 &    
lock$ ! appe>ance ( ! *e/  w be uni=m1 )
 a cross-section appe>+1 z %[n 9 ,fig4  
#i ,c4  ,) a little c>eful plann+ &     
figur+ x w n be a difficult  matt] to   

con/ruct ?is cab9et4 ,take p>ticul> c>e 
to h ! doors  fit snugly & close easily4
 ,! doors w keep _! %ape bett] if  !y   
are made f n>r[ mat*$ bo>ds1 held toge!r
 at ! ends )  batt5s1 or /rips1 nail$   
across ! ends ( ! bo>ds1 z %[n 9  ,fig4 
#i ,d4 ,two-in* wr\ght butts w be heavy 
en\gh = ! doors1 &  a cab9et-lock at !  
edge ( ! out] door w make all secure4   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #g4     
,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,fig4 #aj4    ,on
 ! inside ( ! out] door "s tool-pegs may
 be arrang$4 ,ne> !  bottom a bitt-rack 
%\ld be fitt$1 ) a lea!r /rap =m$ into  
loops1 z describ$ = ! tool-rack4 ,"u ea*
 loop a hole %\ld be  bor$ 9 a /rip (   
wood1 into :i* ! squ>e end ( ! bitts w  
fit1 & ?us insure _! ord]ly position4 ,=
 *isels a simil> set (  pockets may be  
design$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4      ,a       
,tool-*e/    ,! tool-*e/ %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj
 is tw5ty-eight in*es long1 fifte5      
wide1 & twelve in*es high4 ,?is is a    
good size = ! accommodation  ( a        
mod]ate-siz$ kit ( tools4 ,! int]ior    

fitt+s %\ld include  two or ?ree trays  
arrang$ to re/ on runn]s & to slide back
 &  =?1 s t tools may be rea*$ at !     
bottom ( ! *e/ )\t  remov+ ! trays4     
,obta9 a p9e or :ite-wood bo>d fifte5   
in*es wide1 & free f  knots or sappy    
places4 ,cut two pieces tw5ty-eight     
in*es long1 & two  %ort] ones twelve    
in*es long4 ,^! w =m ! top1 bottom1 &   
ends4 ,cut out ! front & back pieces    
tw5ty-eight in*es long &  twelve in*es  
wide2 !n ) glue & screws =m a box1 & let
 x  /& a day until ! glue is h>d4 ,make 
! jo9ts z p]fect & tight  z possible1 s 
z to pres5t a good appe>ance2 !n m>k a  
l9e ar\nd  ! box two & a half in*es f ! 
top4    ,) a rip-saw cut ! cov] free f !
 body1 & plane ! r\gh  edges ( ! cut1 s 
t ! cov] w fit ! body snugly4 ,b9d !    
lid & ! top & bottom edges ( ! *e/ ) a  
/rip ( wood  ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9     
wid?1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration2 to look    
well1 ! corn]s %\ld be mitr$4 ,! lid is 
atta*$ to ! *e/  ) /\t h+es1 & a lock is
 arrang$ at ! front4 ,/\t h&les at  !   

sides w be f\nd a conv5i5ce4    ,two or 
?ree coats ( olive-gre5 pa9t1 ) a       
slightly d>k] %ade =  ! b&s1 w improve !
 appe>ance ( ! *e/4 ,to keep ! h>dw>e  f
 ru/+1 ! lock1 h+es1 & h&les %\ld       
receive a coat or two  ( black pa9t4    
,jo9ts    ,"o ( ! fir/ lessons = ! "y   
c>p5t] to le>n w be t (  mak+ wood      
jo9ts4 ,)\t good jo9]-"w !re is no su*  
?+ z  c>p5try1 & x is ! sign-manual ( ! 
compet5t artific]4 ,!re  are a great    
v>iety ( jo9ts employ$ 9 c>p5try1 b _m (
 !m are  too complicat$ = ! boy c>p5t]  
to make1 & ! simple =ms w  answ] e      
reasonable requirem5t4    ,! easie/ jo9t
 to make is ! /raight1 or box1 jo9t4 ,x 
is  con/ruct$ by butt+ ! end ( "o bo>d  
aga9/ ! edge ( ano!r  & nail+1 or       
screw+1 !m fa/4    ,fig4 #aa %[s a      
lap-jo9t made by cutt+ away a portion ( 
! wood on  opposite sides ( ! ends :i*  
are to be jo9$4 ,:5 fa/5$ !  wood w     
appe> z a cont9u\s piece4 ,= corn]s &   
angles1 :]e a  mitre-box is n available1
 ! lap-jo9t is a v good sub/itute1 &  = 

_m uses x is /rong] ?an ! mitr$-jo9t1 &1
 !re=e1 to be  pref]r$4    ,fig4 #ab is 
ano!r =m ( lap-jo9t1 :]e ! end ( a /rip 
is  emb$d$ 9 ! surface ( a /\t piece (  
wood4 ,?is jo9t w be  f\nd useful 9     
furniture "w1 & also = frame con/ruction
 9  g5]al4    ,fig4 #ac is a bevell$    
lap-jo9t1 & is us$ = timb]s & po/s1     
p>ticul>ly "u conditions :]e ! jo9t c be
 re9=c$ by  ano!r piece ( wood at "o or 
two sides4    ,fig4 #ad %[s a mortise & 
t5on4 ,! hole 9 ! upright piece is !    
mortise & ! %ap$ end on ! /ick is !     
t5on4 ,! %ap$ end  %\ld fit ! hole      
accurately1 & ! jo9t is usually held ) a
  p91 or nails1 driv5 ?r\gh ! side ( !  
upright piece & into !  body ( ! /ick   
emb$d$ 9 ! mortise4 ,! mortise & t5on is
 us$  ext5sively 9 fram+1 & = doors1    
w9d[-sa%es1 & bl9ds4 ,9  cab9et "w x is 
indisp5sable4    ,fig4 #ae is !         
mitr$-jo9t4 ,9 n>r[ wood x is usually   
cut 9 a  mitre-box ) a /iff back-saw to 
insure accuracy 9 ! angles4 ,!          
mitr$-jo9t is employ$ = picture-frames1 

scre5s1 m\ld+s1 & all  sorts (          
angle-jo9ts4    ,fig4 #af is !          
tongue-&-groove jo9t1 & is cut on !     
edges ( bo>ds  t are to be laid side by 
side1 su* z floor+1 wea!r-bo>ds1  &     
p>titions4 ,be=e wood-work+ ma*9]y came 
into g5]al  use ! tongues & grooves 7   
all h&-cut ) planes1 b a                
tongue-&-groove plane is n[ almo/       
obsolete1 all ?is class (  build+       
mat]ial be+ mill f9i%$4    ,fig4 #ag ,a 
is a rabbet4 ,x is cut on ! edges (     
wood1 & ano!r  simil>ly %ap$ piece fits 
into x4 ,x is also useful :]e wood laps 
ov] "s o!r mat]ial1 su* z glass or      
metal4 ,! inn] m\ld+ (  picture-frames  
are always provid$ ) a rabbet1 beh9d :i*
 ! edge  ( ! glass1 picture1 &          
back+-bo>ds w fit4    ,illu/ration3     
,,jo9ts1 ,,rabbets1 ,,& ,,b5*es         
,,fig4 #aa4 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,fig4 #ac4     
,,fig4 #ad4 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,fig4 #af4     
,,fig4 #ag4 ,,fig4 #ah4  ,,fig4 #ai4    
,,fig4 #bj4 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,,fig4 #bb4     
,,fig4 #bc4    ,fig4 #ag ,b is a        

rabbet-jo9t made ) a rabbet & groove4 ,x
 is a good  "o to employ = box corn]s1 &
 :]e ! edges ( two pieces ( wood  come  
toge!r4    ,fig4 #ah is ! dovetail-jo9t 
us$ = boxes1 draw] corn]s1 *e/s1  &     
sometimes 9 cab9et "w1 :]e ! corn]s are 
to be cov]$ )  m\ld+s or edg+-/rips4    
,fig4 #ai is ! /raight dovetail employ$ 
9 ! *eap con/ruction (  small boxes =   
h>dw>e1 groc]ies1 & o!r w>es4 ,s9ce !   
edges are  /raight1 ?is is ! easi] "o to
 make1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 to h  ! fitt+  
accurate4      ,a ,l[ ,b5*    ,small    
b5*es are useful to "w ^u :5 saw+1      
nail+1 & mat*+  bo>ds2 & !y are h&y = _m
 purposes ab\t ! h\se4 ,! l[  b5* %[n 9 
,fig4 #bj is fifte5 in*es high & twelve 
in*es wide1 &  ! top is tw5ty-two in*es 
long4 ,! foot-pieces are cut z %[n 9    
,fig4 #ba1 & at ! upp] end at ea* side a
 piece is cut out to let 9  !           
side-aprons4 ,! aprons are ?ree in*es   
wide & sev5-eigh?s ( an  in* ?ick2 !y   
are held to ! foot-pieces ) glue &      
screws4 ,9 !  top a f+]-hole is cut s t 

! b5* may be quickly pick$ up &  ! m    
easily h&l$4      ,a ,high ,b5*    ,!   
high b5* %[n 9 ,fig4 #bb is twelve in*es
 squ>e & tw5ty-f\r  in*es high1 ) a top 
f\rte5 in*es squ>e4 ,! wood is          
sev5-eigh?s  ( an in* ?ick1 & all !     
jo9ts are made ) screws4 ,a h&-hole  is 
cut 9 ! top ) a compass or key-hole saw1
 & all ! edges are  s&-pap]$ to r\nd !m 
(f4      ,a ,/ep-b5*    ,a /ep-b5* w be 
f\nd useful = v>i\s purposes4 ,x does n 
take  up s mu* room z a /ep-ladd] &     
af=ds a m solid foot+4 ,!  b5* %[n 9    
,fig4 #bc is ?irty in*es high1 fifte5   
in*es wide1 &  eighte5 in*es deep4 ,!   
uprights t support ! sides are five     
in*es  wide2 ! treads ( ! fir/ & second 
/eps are six in*es wide1 &  t ( ! top   
/ep eight in*es wide4 ,! wood is        
sev5-eigh?s (  an in* ?ick1 plan$ on bo?
 sides1 & all ! unions are made )       
screws4 ,! cross-brace at ! back & ne> !
 bottom is set into laps  cut 9 ! edges 
( ! upright supports1 & to prev5t !     
support &  side-pieces f spread+1       

/an*ion-b>s may be screw$ fa/ to !      
sides1 "u ! fir/ tread1 & to ! foot ( ! 
uprights4    ,two or ?ree coats ( pa9t w
 f9i% ^! b5*es & make !m fit  = use ab\t
 ! h\se4      ,a ,%oe-box    ,a %oe-box 
& seat 7,fig4 #bd7 is a useful piece (  
furniture 9 any  b$room4 ,two boxes1    
pur*as$ at a groc]y /ore1 may be made to
 s]ve  ! purpose1 b = a really neat &   
workmanlike job ! frame %\ld  be        
con/ruct$ ( bo>ds ?ree-qu>t]s or        
sev5-eigh?s ( an in* 9  ?ickness4 ,a    
good size = ! %oe receptacle is         
tw5ty-f\r in*es  high1 fifte5 in*es     
deep1 & sixte5 in*es wide4 ,! seat-box  
%\ld  be ?irty in*es long1 & fifte5     
in*es high & deep4    ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #bd4 ,,fig4 #bd ,a4    ,^! boxes 
are to be atta*$ to ea* o!r ) /\t       
screws1 & a  back ! l5g? ( ! two boxes1 
& hav+ a r\nd$ corn] is to be  securely 
fa/5$ to ! re> ( ea* box1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 
#bd ,a4 ,9 !  %oe-box two %elves are    
screw$ fa/1 & to ! l[] box a corn]  %\ld
 be arrang$ on h+es s t x may be rais$ f

 ! front4 ,!  back & seat & also ! top (
 ! %oe-box %\ld be cov]$ )  d5im1 "u :i*
 a padd+ ( hair or cotton may be plac$4 
,! d5im  %\ld be caught d[n )           
c>riage-buttons & /r+1 ! latt] be+      
pass$ ?r\gh holes made 9 ! wood & ti$ at
 ! und]side4 ,ar\nd  ! front & sides a  
fl\nce ( cretonne or d5im may be ga!r$1 
& hung f ! top edge ( ! box & seat4 ,if 
f9i%$ ) gimp  & brass-head$ tacks x w   
pres5t a good appe>ance4 ,:]e !         
drop-curta9 at ! edge ( ! %oe-box meets 
! seat ! fabric is to  be divid$1 9 ord]
 t x may be drawn to "o side :5 tak+ out
 or  replac+ %oes4    ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #be4 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,,fig4 #bg4     
,a coat ( %ellac1 or pa9t1 w cov] su*   
p>ts ( ! wood-"w z  are n hidd5 by !    
uphol/]y4 ,fig4 #bd %[s ! f9i%$ article 
(  furniture4      ,a ,%oe-black+-box   
,e boy %\ld own a %oe-black+-box1 su* z 
is %[n 9 ,fig4  #be4 ,o!rwise1 ! bru%es 
& black+-box are apt to get widely      
sep>at$1 & are nev] at h& :5 !y are     
want$4 ,moreov]1 x is  a slov5ly        

practice to use a *air or /ool z a      
foot-re/ :5 engag$  9 poli%+ "o's %oes1 
s9ce ! black+ is sure to discolor &     
dirty :atev] x t\*es4 ,?is              
%oe-black+-box is tw5ty-f\r in*es  high 
& eighte5 in*es squ>e1 ! comp>tm5t be+  
f\r in*es deep4  ,f\r /icks1 two in*es  
squ>e & tw5ty-f\r in*es long1 w =m !    
legs4 ,ea* /ick %\ld be cut away at "o  
end ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*  deep = a      
di/ance ( five in*es1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bf1
 s t :5 !  side bo>ds are fa/5$ to !m ! 
jo9ts w be flu%4 ,two sides (  ea* /ick 
%\ld ?us be cut away1 & ! small end ( ! 
/ick may be  tap]$ slightly4 ,! side    
bo>ds1 ( ?ree-qu>t]-in* wood & five     
in*es wide1 are screw$ fa/ to ! top ( ! 
legs4    ,a bottom sixte5 & a half in*es
 squ>e is cut f bo>ds & fa/5$  inside ! 
frame1 :]e x is held 9 place ) /eel-wire
 nails driv5  ?r\gh ! l[] edge ( ! side 
bo>ds & into ! edge ( !  bottom1 all    
ar\nd4    ,f\r brackets are cut & fa/5$ 
) screws at ea* side ( ! box1  "u ! side
 bo>ds4 ,a cov] is made & h+$ to ! box1 

:]e x is  prev5t$ f fall+ too f> back by
 a *a9 atta*$ to ! und]side  ( ! lid &  
to ! inside ( ! box4    ,ov] ! front    
edge ( ! box b5d a /rip ( z9c & tack x  
fa/ to  bo? ! 9 & outside ( ! front     
bo>d4 ,?is w prev5t %oes f  *af+ ! wood 
away1 & is easily clean$ :5 muddi$ up4  
,) a ?9 piece ( wood make a division 9 !
 box at "o side1 :]e  black+ & daub]s   
may be kept4 ,also a draw] may be fitt$ 
to slide  9 & out "u ! box4 ,x %\ld be  
con/ruct$1 z describ$ = !  "w-b5*1 &    
arrang$ to "w on runn]s fa/5$ to !      
inside (  ! legs4 ,screw-eyes or /aples 
%\ld be driv5 into ! ends ( !  bru%es & 
daub]s1 s t !y may be hung up 9 an      
ord]ly mann] on  hooks set 9 ! wall     
imm$iately ov] ! l$ge4    ,a few ?9     
coats ( olive-gre5 or light-br[n pa9t w 
add to !  appe>ance ( ?is               
%oe-black+-box1 & ! own] %\ld take pride
 9  keep+ x clean1 & ! bru%es 9 good    
ord]4      ,a ,%oe-black+-l$ge    ,9 a  
cell> :]e "o ( ! *imneys is built ) a   
recess1 a  %oe-black+-l$ge may be made f

 f\r bo>ds five in*es wide4 ,!  bottom  
is slatt$1 s t dirt w fall ?r\gh4 ,fig4 
#bg %[s q  cle>ly h[ ?is c be done4 ,"o 
end is p>tition$ (f to hold ! box  (    
black+4    ,! l$ge is tw5ty-f\r in*es   
high1 & ! front bo>d is b\nd ) a  /rip (
 z9c along ! upp] edge4 ,! black+-bru%es
 may be kept 9  ! tray1 b x is a bett]  
plan to hang !m up aga9/ ! brick-"w  on 
/eel nails4 ,if ! bru%es are to be kept 
inside ! tray1 a lid  %\ld be made & h+$
 to ! back /rip ( ! tray4 ,:5 ! lid is  
rais$ x may be held aga9/ ! brick wall )
 a wood5 button4      ,an ,easel        
,boys :o h a tal5t = draw+ & pa9t+ w\ld 
und\bt$ly l  to h an easel on :i* to "w1
 & a good /rong "o may be made1 at      
mod]ate co/1 9 ! foll[+ mann] 7,fig4    
#bh74    ,obta9 f\r pieces ( cle> :ite  
p9e six feet long1 two & a half  in*es  
wide1 & sev5-eigh?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness4
 ,^! %\ld be  plan$ on all sides4 ,two (
 ! /icks %\ld be tap]$ (f at "o end1  & 
slightly bevell$ at ! o!r4 ,n9e in*es f 
! top & twelve  in*es up f ! bottom laps

 are to be cut 9 ! /icks at ! back1  z  
%[n 9 ,fig4 #bi4 ,into ^! ! ends (      
cross-pieces w fit4 ,if !  conceal$ lap 
is too bo!rsome to make1 x c be cut cle>
 across !  /icks1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cj4    
,glue & screws w make a /rong jo9t4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,,fig4 #bi4   
,,fig4 #cj4 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,,fig4 #cb4     
,,fig4 #cc4  ,,fig4 #cd4    ,! rema9+   
long /ick is ! back support1 or leg1 &  
is to be h+$  to ! upp] cross-piece4 ,) 
?is leg ! easel may be pit*$ at any     
angle1 & to prev5t x f go+ back too f> a
 guide-*a9 %\ld  be atta*$ to ! leg1 & !
 ends secur$ to ! back ( ea* upright  ) 
/aples4 ,holes are bor$ along ! uprights
 at ev5 di/ances ap>t1  & two wood5 pegs
 are cut to fit snugly 9 ! holes1 & s   
hold a  draw+-bo>d or canvas-/ret*]4    
,a ,clo!s-tree    ,a clo!s-tree is a mo/
 s]viceable article ( furniture1 & helps
 a  boy to =m habits ( neatness &       
ord]l9ess 9 ! c>e ( 8 we>+  app>el4 ,to 
make ! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #ca obta9 a cle>  
p9e or a%  /ick "o & a half in*es squ>e 

& five feet long = ! upright1  or /aff4 
,also two pieces eighte5 in*es long1 two
 in*es wide1 &  ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*    
?ick = ! feet2 & f\r braces twelve      
in*es long1 "o & a half in*es wide1 &   
?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9  ?ickness4       
,cut a lap 9 ! middle ( ea* foot-piece1 
z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cb1 & )  glue & screws   
fa/5 !m securely toge!r1 z %[n 9 ,fig4  
#cc4 ,screw  ?is foot fa/ to ! bottom ( 
! upright /ick1 & /r5g!n !  f\r project+
 feet ) braces bevell$ at ! ends1 s t !y
 w  re/ aga9/ ! upright & on ! foot1 :]e
 !y c be fa/5$ )  screws1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 
#cd4 ,"u ! end ( ea* foot1 ! half ( a   
small wood5 ball1 or a ca/or1 may be    
arrang$ to raise ! tree f  ! floor4 ,) a
 *isel & plane tap] ! top ( ! upright   
/ick1 z  %[n 9 ,fig4 #ca4    ,at a      
h>dw>e /ore pur*ase eight hooks &       
arrange !m 9 alt]nat+  pairs1 z %[n 9 ! 
draw+4 ,! wood-"w %\ld be %ellack$ or   
pa9t$ to give x a f9i%$ appe>ance4      
,:5 hang+ clo!s ^u ?is tree place !     
coat1 ve/1 & tr\s]s  on ! l[] hooks1 !  

%irt & und]clo?+ on ! hooks next above1 
& on ! top hooks ! necktie & coll> &    
cuffs4 ,:5 dress+1 !  clo?+ ne$$ fir/ w 
!n be ! ne>e/ to h&4      ,hang+        
,book-%elves    ,9 a room :]e space _c  
be giv5 up to a /&+ bookcase1 x  may be 
possible to arrange a set ( %elves to =m
 a book-rack t  w hang aga9/ ! wall4 ,! 
con/ruction ( ! hang+ %elves  %[n 9     
,fig4 #ce is v simple1 & w require b a  
few bo>ds1 two  wall-/rips1 & a few y>ds
 ( /rong rope4    ,= ! %elves1 obta9    
five p9e bo>ds eight in*es wide1        
sev5-eigh?s  ( an in* ?ick1 & f ?ree to 
f\r feet long2 also two p9e /rips  ?ree 
in*es wide1 an in* ?ick1 & f\r feet     
long4 ,9 ! re> edge (  ea* bo>d1 at !   
ends1 cut not*es ?ree in*es long & an   
in* wide1  z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ce ,a1 into   
:i* ! wall-/rips w fit4 ,r\nd (f !  top 
( ea* wall-/rip & screw !m fa/ to !     
not*$ edges ( !  %elves1 fir/ bor+      
gimlet holes 9 bo? /rips & %elves to    
prev5t  splitt+ ( ! wood4    ,half-in*  
holes at ! top ( ea* wall-/rip w admit !

 susp5sion  rope1 :i* is ( manila1 &    
half an in* 9 diamet]4 ,knot "o end (  !
 rope & pass x up ?r\gh holes made at ! 
out] corn]s ( ea*  %elf1 & f9ally ?r\gh 
! hole at ! top ( ! wall-/rips1 &  cut x
 (f ?ree in*es back ( ! hole4 ,) a      
g\ge-*isel a groove  %\ld be made at !  
back ( ! wall-/rip = an in* or two bel[ 
! hole1 s t ! rope end may be c>ri$ d[n 
& ravell$ out4 ,x  c !n be glu$ & held  
fa/ to ! wood ) /aples4 ,:]e ! rope     
passes ?r\gh ! hole 9 ea* %elf1 drive   
sev]al long /eel-wire  nails into ! edge
 & end ( ! bo>d1 all[+ ! nails to pass  
?r\gh ! rope & into ! wood4    ,pa9t or 
v>ni% ! wood-"w1 & securely an*or !     
wall-plates )  /\t screws driv5 into !  
frame timb]s1 ?r\gh ! la? & pla/]  ( !  
wall4      ,a ,corn] ,cab9et    ,a corn]
 cab9et ( odd design & simple           
con/ruction is %[n 9 ,fig4  #cf4 ,!     
total height ( ! wall-plates %\ld be    
?irty-f\r in*es1  & at ! top ! %elf     
measures eighte5 in*es across4 ,ea* %elf
 is  r\nd$ out at ! front s z to af=d m 

surface on :i* to place  books &        
bric--brac4 ,! ends ( ea* %elf are      
securely atta*$ to  ! side or           
wall-plates ) screws1 ?us insur+ a      
p]fect an*orage  & a /rong con/ruction4 
,fig4 #cg is a plan %[+ ! %ape ( ! sides
 or wall-plates4 ,at  ! wide/ "p !y %\ld
 measure twelve in*es across4 ,fig4 #ch 
is a  plan ( ! top %elf1 :i* is foll[$ 9
 %ape by ! o!rs4 ,!y  decrease1 h[ev]1 9
 size z !y ne> ! bottom4 ,! not* at !   
middle ( ea* %elf breaks ! long curv$   
l9e 9 a pleas+ mann]4  ,two light metal 
rods f :i* curta9s hang may be arrang$  
"u  ! top %elf & ! "o next ! bottom4    
,%ellac or pa9t ( "s  appropriate %ade w
 add to ! appe>ance ( ?is useful piece (
  furniture4    ,illu/ration3 ,,hang+   
,,book-,,%elves ,,& ,,*air ,,cab9et     
,,fig4 #ce4 ,,fig4 #ce ,a4 ,,fig4 #cf4  
,,fig4 #cg4 ,,fig4 #ch4 ,,fig4 #ci4     
,,fig4 #dj4    ,:5 fa/5+ ?is cab9et to !
 wall1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to pass !       
screws securely into ! /udd+ or         
uprights4 ,o!rwise ! screws might  pull 

out "u ! accumulat$ weight1 & a fall    
w\ld be disa/r\s to  bo? ! cab9et & its 
cont5ts4      ,a ,*air    ,! con/ruction
 ( a *air is p]haps z int]e/+ z any?+ 9 
c>p5try4 ,! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #ci may be   
made f ei!r s(t or  h>d-wood1 ! jo9ts   
be+ all op5 & simple to cut4    ,! legs 
are two in*es squ>e1 ! seat is sixte5   
in*es squ>e &  eighte5 in*es high1 & !  
back po/s are ?irty-six in*es long4 ,!  
front & back po/s are cut out1 z %[n 9  
,fig4 #dj ,a & ,b4 ,^!  receive !       
cross-pieces t b9d ! legs & back toge!r4
 ,! po/s  are two in*es wide &          
?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick4 ,! side      
braces  are set two in*es up f ! floor &
 ! back "o f\r in*es4 ,!  front brace is
 let into ! re> ( ! front legs1 & is    
eight in*es  f ! floor to ! l[] edge4   
,! seat is made f mat*$ bo>ds1 & ! back1
 t5 in*es wide1  is made f a s+le bo>d1 
all ! jo9ts be+ glu$ & screw$  toge!r4  
,*airs t are made 9 %ops usually h !    
jo9ts d[ell$  or mortis$1 b ! lap-jo9t  
is ! easie/ & /ronge/ "o to make4  ,take

 c>e1 h[ev]1 t ! cuts are accurately    
saw$1 & t !  cross-pieces fit ! laps s  
snugly t a mallet is necess>y to help   
drive ! /rips home4    ,! seat & back ( 
?is *air may be cov]$ ) d5im1 lea!r1 or 
o!r uphol/]y mat]ial1 drawn ov] curl$   
hair1 or cotton may be us$  = padd+1 &  
fa/5$ d[n ar\nd ! edges ) l>ge          
flat-head$  tacks or uphol/]y nails4    
,%ellac1 v>ni%1 or pa9t may be us$ to   
give  ! wood-"w a good appe>ance4       
,a ,table    ,x is n s difficult z x may
 seem to make a good /rong table1 b  c>e
 & p]sev]ance mu/ be ex]cis$ to obta9 a 
satisfactory result4  ,:5 con/ruct+ a   
table be> 9 m9d t e jo9t %\ld be made to
  fit accurately2 o!rwise x w quickly   
rack & become useless4 ,!  proportions &
 %ape = a s]viceable table are %[n 9    
,fig4 #da4 ,only  well-season$ wood %\ld
 be employ$1 & x %\ld be free f knots   
or sappy places4    ,= ! legs1 obta9 f\r
 /icks ?irty-?ree in*es long & two & a  
half in*es squ>e4 ,f two sides1 ne> !   
end ( ea* /ick1 cut !  wood away = five 

in*es to a dep? ( sev5-eigh?s ( an in*1 
z  %[n 7at ! top7 9 ,fig4 #dj ,b4 ,n[   
cut two bo>ds five in*es wide &  =ty-two
 in*es long1 & f\r m ?irty in*es long = 
! frame4  ,six in*es f ! uncut ends ( ! 
legs saw & *isel out laps1 s  t two ( ! 
?irty-in* l5g?s w fit into !m1 & ) two  
long & two %ort bo>ds unite ! legs1     
!reby =m+ a frame ?irty  in*es wide1    
=ty-two in*es long1 & ?irty-?ree in*es  
high4 ,an  "u-%elf may be made twelve   
in*es wide & long en\gh to ext5d two  or
 ?ree in*es ov] ! cross-/rips4    ,!    
table top ext5ds ov] ! framework = ?ree 
in*es all ar\nd1  & x is made ( n>r[    
tongue-&-groov$ bo>ds driv5 toge!r  &   
screw$ d[n to ! b& ar\nd ! top1 =m$ by !
 ?irty &  =ty-two-in* bo>ds4 ,to f9i%   
?is top nicely x may be cov]$ )  felt1  
or ) imitation lea!r1 9 old-r$1 gre51 or
 br[n %ades1  caught "u ! edge & made   
fa/ ) /\t tacks4      ,a ,settle    ,a  
com=table settle 7,fig4 #db71 = ! piazza
 or y>d1 may be made f  p9e1 :ite-wood1 
cypress1 or almo/ any o!r wood t may be 

at h&4    ,x is fifty-f\r in*es long1   
eighte5 in*es wide1 & ! seat is  eighte5
 in*es above ! gr\nd4 ,! sides are made 
f /rips ?ree  in*es wide & sev5-eigh?s (
 an in* ?ick1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dc ,a4  ,! 
arms are tw5ty in*es long1 six in*es    
broad at ! front1 & cut  ! %ape %[n 9   
,fig4 #dc ,b4 ,! not*es or laps cut 9 ! 
re> po/s  are to let 9 ! /rips =m+ !    
back & l[] brace4    ,! jo9ts %\ld be   
made ) screws r ?an nails1 z !y hold    
bett] & d n "w loose4 ,small brackets   
support ! arms at !  front corn] po/s1 &
 a batt5 at ! middle /r5g!ns ! back (  !
 settle4 ,a close inspection ( ! draw+s 
w %[ ! jo9ts  cle>ly & indicate h[ !    
frame is put toge!r4 ,a few coats ( pa9t
  w f9i% ! wood nicely1 or x may be /a9$
 & v>ni%$ if !  wood has a pretty gra94 
,cu%ions & a s(a-pill[ or two w add to  
! com=t ( ?is commodi\s seat4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,,fig4 #db4   
,,fig4 #dc4 ,,fig4 #dd4 ,,fig4 #de4     
,a ,susp5d$ ,settle    ,a susp5d$ settle
 7,fig4 #dd7 is a conv5i5t piece (      

piazza furniture1  & n a difficult ?+ = 
! "y c>p5t] to make4    ,! corn] po/s   
are two & a half in*es squ>e1 & ! bo>ds 
us$  9 its con/ruction are sev5-eigh?s (
 an in* ?ick & f\r in*es  wide4 ,! seat 
is =ty-two in*es long & eighte5 in*es   
wide1 &  ! back is fifte5 in*es high f !
 seat4 ,! arms are cut z %[n  9 ,fig4   
#dc ,b1 & securely screw$ to ! corn]    
po/s4 ,! frame-pieces  support+ !       
seat-bo>ds are let into ! back & front  
po/s1 9  :i* laps h be5 cut1 z %[n at   
,fig4 #de ,a & ,b4 ,!y %\ld be  securely
 fa/5$ ) flat-head$ screws4 ,bo? ! rail 
to :i* !  back+-bo>ds are atta*$ & ! re>
 ends ( ! arms are let into  ! corn] po/
 & fa/5$ ) screws4    ,! seat is susp5d$
 f ! ceil+ ( ! piazza on f\r *a9s t  may
 be pur*as$ at a h>dw>e /ore or f a     
%ip-*&l]1 or !y may  be made by a       
blacksmi? f iron ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 
diamet]4  ,if x is n possible to obta9 !
 *a9s1 rope may be sub/itut$1 b  x w n  
look or la/ s well4    ,two yokes bolt$ 
to ! top ( ! back po/s & eye-/raps = !  

front po/s w an*or ! *a9s securely to ! 
settle4 ,! yoke is  %[n at ,fig4 #de ,c1
 & ! eye-/rap at ,fig4 #de ,d4 ,a bolt  
pass$ ?r\gh  ! top ( ! re> po/s & ?r\gh 
! holes 9 ! yoke w secure  ! latt]      
firmly1 & a nut w prev5t x f slipp+     
loose4 ,holes  are made 9 ! arms1 & !   
eye-/raps are pass$ d[n ?r\gh !m &      
atta*$ to ! front corn] po/s ) screws1 z
 %[n 9 ,fig4 #dd4 ,!  back ( ! settle is
 compos$ ( bo>ds f\r in*es wide & plac$ 
an  in* ap>t4      ,a ,coal & ,wood ,box
    ,a comb9ation box = coal & wood may 
be made f an ord9>y  %oe-box1 ! sides & 
"o end be+ cut d[n z %[n 9 ,fig4 #df2  b
 a m s]viceable "o is con/ruct$ ( bo>ds 
sev5-eigh?s ( an  in* ?ick1 plan$ on bo?
 sides1 & ) ! jo9ts securely glu$ &     
screw$4    ,! sides are tw5ty-six in*es 
long & twelve in*es high at ! back4  ,at
 ! front !y are b f\r in*es high4 ,a    
back-piece t5 in*es wide  & twelve in*es
 high is cut & fa/5$ 9 place1 & a front 
/rip  f\r in*es high is also made fa/ ) 
glue & long1 slim screws4    ,a         

division-bo>d is plac$ 9 ! middle ( !   
box1 z indicat$ by !  l9e ( screw-heads1
 & a bottom1 t5 by tw5ty-f\r in*es1 is  
held 9  place ) screws pass$ ?r\gh ! l[]
 edge ( ! front1 back1 &  sides1 & into 
! edges ( ! bottom4    ,a lid ! wid? ( !
 box is h+$ to a cross-/rip ov] !       
p>tition4  ,a h&le at ! l[] end w make x
 easy to lift ! lid4 ,blocks )  ! corn]s
 r\nd$ (f w s]ve z feet1 "o at ea*      
corn]4    ,?9 /a9 & two coats ( v>ni% w 
f9i% ! wood-"w on !  outside4 ,a coat or
 two ( asphaltum v>ni% w be bett] = !   
inside4    ,/icks ( wood = ! op5 fire or
 k9dl+ = ! grate fire may  be kept 9 !  
squ>e receptacle1 :ile "u ! lid at lea/ 
two  bucketfuls ( coal may be /[$ away4 
,if ! fuel-hold] is us$ only at  ! op5  
fire1 logs may be /ood on end 9 ! squ>e 
box1 & k9dl+  may be kept 9 ! cov]$     
half4      ,a ,flat-iron ,hold]    ,a   
rack ( %elves to hold flat-irons may be 
made ( :ite-wood or p9e  sev5-eigh?s (  
an in* ?ick1 ! sev]al pieces be+        
securely  fa/5$ toge!r ) screws4 ,two   

side-plates are cut f\r in*es wide  &   
?irty in*es long4 ,! tops are bevell$ & 
! bottom ( ea*  piece is curv$1 z %[n 9 
,fig4 #dg4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4 
,,fig4 #dg4 ,,fig4 #dh4 ,,fig4 #di4     
,! %elves are two in*es wide & eighte5  
in*es long4 ,!y are spac$  eight in*es  
ap>t1 hav+ ! front edge flu% ) ! edge ( 
!  side-plates1 & leav+ a space two     
in*es wide f ! re> edge to  ! wall4     
,wall-plates two in*es wide are let into
 ! re> edge ( !  side-plates two in*es  
above ! %elves4 ,aga9/ ^! ! bottom ( !  
irons w re/4    ,a top & a bottom bo>d1 
cut z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 are to be    
atta*$ to ! wall-plates1 & ! complete   
rack ( %elves %\ld be  fa/5$ to ! kit*5 
or laundry wall ) /\t screws set firmly 
into  ! /udd+4    ,two coats (          
olive-gre5 or br[n pa9t w f9i% ?is hold]
 nicely1  or x may be pa9t$ any color to
 mat* ! wood-"w 9 ! kit*5 or  laundry4  
,an ,umbrella-/&    ,an umbrella-/& does
 n occupy mu* space1 & x is a conv5i5t  
receptacle = umbrellas1 canes1          

ball-bats1 & golf-clubs 7,fig4 #dh74    
,to make "o x w require f\r pieces (    
cle> p9e or :ite-wood  ?irty in*es long1
 t5 in*es wide1 & half an in* 9         
?ickness4 ,!re  is also a bottom bo>d   
n9e & a half in*es squ>e & sev5-eigh?s (
  an in* ?ick1 to :i* ! l[] ends ( !    
bo>ds are to be screw$  fa/4 ,a high1   
n>r[ box is to be =m$ ( ! bo>ds1 "o side
 ( ea*  bo>d be+ atta*$ to ! edge ( !   
next "o1 z ! illu/ration  %[s4 ,%ellac  
or v>ni% w give ! wood-"w a pleas+ f9i%1
  especially if x is :ite-wood1 cypress1
 or spruce4    ,a design may be work$   
out on "o side ) l>ge oval-head$        
hobnails  pa9t$ black4 ,^! may be       
pur*as$ at a %oemak]s = a few c5ts a    
pap]4 ,! design %\ld fir/ be drawn on ?9
 br[n pap] & held on  ! wood ) p9s4 ,!  
nails are driv5 along ! l9es ( !        
ornam5t1  b be=e !y are hamm]$ home1 !  
pap] %\ld be torn away s t  none ( x is 
caught "u ! nail-heads4    ,a z9c tray  
six in*es high1 & made to fit 9 ! bottom
 ( ! box1  w hold ! dripp+s f wet       

umbrellas4 ,r+s sold]$ at ! top  edge ( 
! tray w p]mit x to be remov$ = clean+4 
,a ,plant-box    ,= gr[+ plants & fl[]s 
t always look well ar\nd a piazza  rail1
 ! plant-box %[n 9 ,fig4 #di w be f\nd  
useful4 ,"o or m  boxes may be made f   
p9e bo>ds an in* ?ick & eight in*es     
wide4  ,! boxes %\ld be six in*es deep1 
outside measure1 & !y may be z  long z  
desir$ to fill ! spaces betwe5 ! piazza 
po/s4    ,/raight or box jo9ts are made 
at ! corn]s & fa/5$ ) screws4  ,! inside
 ( ! boxes %\ld be treat$ to sev]al     
successive coats (  asphaltum v>ni% to  
r5d] !m wat]-pro(4 ,sev]al small holes  
mu/ be  bor$ 9 ! bottom ( ea* box to    
dra9 (f surplus moi/ure1 & !  boxes &   
supports may be pa9t$ a color to mat* ! 
trimm+s ( !  h\se4    ,to an*or ! boxes1
 screw a batt5 to ! balu/rade1 on :i* ! 
inn]  edge ( ! box may re/4 ,! out] edge
 is support$ by means ( braces  atta*$  
firmly to ! und]side ( ! box & to !     
piazza floor1 z  %[n 9 ! illu/ration4   
,two small brackets atta*$ to ! und]side

  ( ! box & to ! batt5 w hold ! box 9   
place & prev5t x  f slipp+ (f ! top ( ! 
batt54      ,a ,f9al ,^w    ,! few      
objects %[n & describ$ 9 ?is *apt] are1 
( c\rse1 b  a small "p ( ! ?+s a        
wide-awake boy w ?9k ( & wi% to  make4  
,! pr9ciples involv$ 9 ^! examples1     
h[ev]1 w apply to  scores ( o!r ?+s t   
may be con/ruct$4 ,once ^! simpl] =ms  (
 workman%ip are ma/]$ ! "y craftsman w g
 =w>d naturally  to ! high] ex]cise ( 8 
art4 ,c>p5try is a fasc9at+ occupation1 
& x is well wor? :ile1 s9ce its results 
are ( practical use &  value4           
,*apt] ,,ii    ,,wood-,,c>v+      ,a k (
 draw+ & modell+ w be mo/ helpful to !  
"y  c>v]1 z !n ! outl9e ( ornam5t c be  
readily drawn1 :ile to  c>ve objects f  
wood ! art ( modell+ =m is mo/          
desirable4    ,if ! beg9n] possesses a k
 ( =m acquir$ by draw+  & modell+1 ! art
 ( wood-c>v+ may be readily & quickly   
ma/]$2 b ev5 if ^! advantages %\ld be   
lack+1 x is possible  t consid]able     
progress c be made by ^? :o w foll[ !   

in/ructions giv5 on ^! pages4    ,! mo/ 
important feature ( c>v+ is ! ability to
 %>p5 &  ma9ta9 ! little tools1 & :5 ?is
 is ma/]$1 m ?an half !  difficulty has 
be5 ov]come4 ,! dext]ity to h&le1 ) a   
firm &  sure h&1 ! v>i\s *isels & g\ges 
comes1 ( c\rse1 ) practice  only4    ,x 
is bett] to beg9 ) a s(t wood4 ,p9e1    
popl>1 button-wood1  cypress1 or r$     
woods are all ( close gra9 & are easy to
 "w4 ,!  h>d] woods1 & ^? ) a v op5     
gra9--su* z *e/nut1 a%1 &  oak--%\ld n  
be c>v$ until ! fir/ pr9ciples are le>n$
 9 !  s(t] woods4    ,c>v+ takes "t1 & x
 is n an art t c be quickly ma/]$1      
unless x be ! *ip-&-l9e v>iety4 ,b ?is  
la/ c h>dly be  comp>$ to ! m beautiful 
relief-c>v+1 ) its well-modell$  =m &   
und]cutt+4    ,a boy may le>n ! fir/    
pr9ciples ( c>v+1 us+ only 8 small1     
flat c>p5t]'s *isels & g\ges2 b = m     
advanc$ "w he  w ne$ ! regul>           
c>v+-*isels4 ,^! latt] are %>p5$ on  bo?
 sides1 :ile ! c>p5t]'s *isels are gr\nd
 on "o side only4  ,nev]!less1 "s v good

 "w has be5 done by boys :o _h no?+     
bett] ?an a small g\ge1 a flat *isel1 & 
a p5knife4 ,! true arti/  c "w 9 any    
mat]ial & ) ! mo/ indiff]5t ( implem5ts4
      ,tools    ,at ! />t a num]\s      
assortm5t ( tools w n be necess>y1 z !  
flat "w & *ip-c>v+ w naturally be ! fir/
 dep>tm5t ( !  art to be tak5 up by ! "y
 c>v]4    ,six or eight *isels con/itute
 a good set1 & ^? %[n f ,fig4  #a to #f 
w answ] v well4 ,fig4 #a is a pla91 flat
 *isel ) a  /raight edge1 z %[n at ,a2 x
 is commonly call$ a firm]4 ,fig4 #b is 
also a flat tool1 b possess+ an angle or
 oblique edge2 x is commonly  call$ a   
skew-firm]4 ,figs4 #c & #d are g\ges4   
,fig4 #e is a ,v g\ge1 &  ,fig4 #f is a 
gr\nd]4 ,g1 ,h1 ,i1 ,j1 & ,k are g\ges (
 v>i\s circles4 ,l  is an angle1 or ,v1 
g\ge4 ,m1 ,n1 & ,o are g\ges ( v>i\s    
curves1 &  ,p1 ,q1 & ,r are ,v g\ges (  
v>i\s wid?s & angles4 ,^! la/ are  us$ =
 furr[s1 *ip-c>v+1 & l9+4               
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,fig4 #a4    ,b ,,fig4
 #b4    ,c ,,fig4 #c4    ,d ,,fig4 #d4  

,e ,,fig4 #e4    ,f ,,fig4 #f4    ,g ,h 
,i ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r    ,a flat
 felt or d5im case %\ld be made = !     
tools1 s t !y may  be kept 9 good ord]4 
,x is made ( two /rips ( ! goods1 "o    
wid]  ?an ! o!r4 ,two edges are br\ght  
toge!r & sew$1 & l9es (  /it*+ =m       
pockets = ! *isels4 ,! flap left by !   
wid] /rip  ( goods is fold$ ov] ! *isel 
ends1 & ! pockets conta9+ !  tools may  
be roll$ up & ti$ ) tape-/r+s4 ,:5 op5$ 
x w  appe> z %[n 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,! edges ( 
*isels kept 9 ?is mann]  are insur$     
aga9/ injury & ru/1 s9ce ! case protects
 !m f  atmosph]ic moi/ure4    ,! /ones  
ne$$ = %>p5+ ! tools w be an ord9>y flat
  oil-/one 7pref]ably a f9e-gra9$ ,india
 /one71 & two or ?ree  ,turkey or       
,arkansas slips1 f\r or five in*es long1
 hav+ ! %apes  %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,a1 ) !  
r\nd$ edges1 is = ! g\ge tools2 ,b1  ) !
 %>p edges1 is = ,v-%ap$ tools2 & any ( 
! flat *isels  may be %>p5$ on ! regul> 
oil-/one1 ,c4    ,9 ,fig4 #i end views (
 "s slips are %[n4 ,a & ,b are r\nd-edg$

  slips = g\ge-*isels2 ,c & ,d are angle
 /ones = ,v *isels2 :ile  small1 flat   
tools may be f9i%$ on ! sides4 ,^! /ones
 are held 9  ! h&1 & lightly b firmly   
rubb$ aga9/ bo? surfaces ( a tool  to   
give x ! f9e cutt+ edge4    ,9 ,fig4 #aj
 an oil-/one 9 a case is %[n4 ,a box$   
cov] fits ov] x  & protects x f grit &  
du/4 ,?is is important1 = (t5 a little  
gritty du/ w d m h>m to ! edge ( a f9e  
tool ?an ! /one  c d x good4    ,! o!r  
tools necess>y to complete ! kit w be   
sev]al clamps1  simil> to ^? %[n 9      
,figs4 #aa & #ab1 & a fret-saw 7,fig4   
#ac74 ,if  y happ5 to possess a         
bracket-ma*9e or jig-saw ! fret-saw w n 
be necess>y4 ,a glue-pot w also be f\nd 
useful4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4     
,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,fig4
 #aa4 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,fig4  #ac4    ,!    
fir/ ess5tial to good1 clean cutt+ is t 
! tools %all be  absolutely %>p & 9 a   
workmanlike condition4 ,x is (t5 ! case 
t an amateur's tools are 9 su* a /ate t 
no pr(essional c>v]  c\ld produce       

satisfactory results ) !m4 ,& yet !     
v>iety (  c>v+ tools is s limit$ t if ! 
difficulties ( %>p5+ a  firm] & g\ge are
 ma/]$ ! task is practically end$4      
,if ! tools %\ld be unusually dull !y   
mu/ fir/ be gr\nd on a  gr9d/one1 & z   
c>v]s' tools are %>p5$ on bo? sides1 !y 
mu/  be gr\nd on bo? sides4 ,! firm]s   
may be %>p5$ on ! oil-/one  laid flat on
 ! b5*1 b ! g\ges mu/ be held 9 ! h&1 9 
ord]  to %>p5 ! inside curve ) a slip4  
,! out] curve c be %>p5$  on ! flat     
oil-/one1 or held 9 ! h& & dress$ ) !   
flat side  ( a slip4 ,great c>e mu/ be  
tak5 to give ! tools a f9i%$ &  smoo?   
edge4 ,:5 !y h rea*$ ! prop] degree (   
%>pness x  w be an easy matt] to cut    
across ! gra9 ( :ite p9e1 leav+ a  furr[
 t is entirely smoo? & almo/ poli%$4    
,9 ! use ( ! oil-/one & slips1          
neat's-foot oil1 or a good1 ?9  ma*9e   
oil1 %\ld be employ$4 ,a/ral oil is too 
?91 b ! oil  sold 9 small bottles =     
sew+-ma*9es or bicycles w answ] e       
purpose4 ,wat] %\ld n be us$1 z x w\ld  

spoil ! /ones1 & n  produce ! %>p edge  
on ! tools4    ,! f9e/ /ones are ! be/ =
 use1 & al?\gh !y take long] to  give ! 
ke5 edge requir$1 !y w be f\nd ! mo/    
satisfactory 9  ! end4 ,avoid grit & du/
 on ! /ones1 & be=e us+ !m !y  %\ld be  
wip$ (f ) an oil$ rag4 ,! beg9n] mu/ n  
consid] any  pa9s too great to make     
himself ?or\gh ma/] ( ! tools1 & to keep
  a p]fect edge on all ( !m4    ,! tools
 be+ 9 prop] condition1 ! next /ep is to
 acquire a  k ( ! be/ me?ods ( h&l+ !m4 
,x w require "s  "t & practice to become
 ?or\ghly famili> ) ! mann] 9 :i*  tools
 are us$1 &1 if x is possible1 x w\ld be
 well to wat* "s  c>v] at "w4    ,!     
*isels %\ld always be held ) "o h& on ! 
h&le1 ) two  f+]s ( ! o!r h& ne> ! edge 
( ! tool4 ,?is is to give  suffici5t    
pressure at ! end to keep x d[n to !    
wood1 :ile !  h& on ! h&le gives !      
necess>y pu% to make ! tool cut4      ,a
 ,c>v]'s ,b5*    ,a c>v]'s b5* is a     
necessity = ! "y craftsman1 b if x is n 
possible to get "o1 a heavy1 wood5-top  

kit*5 table w answ] almo/  z well4 ,!   
prop] k9d ( a b5* gives great] facility 
= work+1  s9ce x is m solid & ! height  
is bett] ?an t ( an ord9>y  table4 ,any 
boy :o is h&y ) tools c make a b5* 9 a  
%ort "t  ( p9e or :ite wood1 ! top be+ (
 h>d-wood4 ,if ! jo9]-"w is  n too      
difficult to c>ry out1 x w\ld be bett]  
to make ! legs &  braces ( h>d-wood     
also1 to l5d weight & solidity to !     
table4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4     
,! wood %\ld be free f knots & sappy    
places1 & z heavy z x  is possible to   
get x1 s z to make a really sub/antial  
b5*4 ,! top  %\ld measure f\r feet long 
& ?irty in*es wide1 & n less ?an  "o in*
 & a half 9 ?ickness4 ,! framework mu/  
be well made1 &  ! corn]-po/s & braces  
securely fa/5$ ) lap-jo9ts1 glue1  &    
screws4 ,! top ( ! b5* %\ld be ?irty-n9e
 in*es high1 &  to "o side ( ! b5* a    
c>p5t]'s vise may be atta*$1 z %[n  9   
,fig4 #ad4 ,! jaw ( ! vise is sev5 in*es
 wide1 "o & an eigh?  in*es ?ick1 &     
?irty-f\r in*es long4 ,x is hung z      

describ$ =  ! c>p5t]'s b5* 7see         
,c>p5try1 ,*apt] ,i474 ,a wood or /eel  
screw  may be pur*as$ at a h>dw>e /ore1 
& set ne> ! top & into  ! solid apron   
side-rail4 ,! po/s are f\r in*es ?ick1 &
 !  cross-pieces & rails %\ld be (      
sev5-eigh?-in* h>d-wood f\r  in*es wide4
 ,! top ov]hangs ! framework two in*es  
all ar\nd1 ?us  =m+ a l$ge1 to :i* !    
plates ( wood or panels may be b\nd )  !
 clamps & b5*-screws4 ,:]e a clamp _c be
 us$1 a cleat1  z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa1 is   
screw$ fa/ to ! top ( ! table1 & !      
project+ e> cat*es ! edge ( ! wood &    
holds x securely4    ,a coat ( v>ni% or 
pa9t on ! legs & braces w f9i% ?is b5*  
nicely1 & x w !n be ready = ! "y        
workman's use4      ,*ip-c>v+    ,to    
beg9 )1 x is be/ to "w on a simple      
patt]n t c be  foll[$ easily4           
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae ,a4    ,get a   
piece ( yell[ p9e1 :ite-wood1 or cypress
 sev5-eigh?s ( an  in* ?ick1 six in*es  
wide1 & twelve in*es long4 ,on a piece (
 smoo?  pap] draw "o-half ( a patt]n    

simil> to ! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #ae ,a2  or y
 may use any o!r simple design t is free
 9 l9e & op5  9 ! ornam5t4 ,^u ! wood   
lay a %eet ( transf]-pap]1 ) !  black   
surface d[n1 & on top ( ! transf]-%eet !
 pap] be>+  ! design4 ,g ov] all ! l9es 
) a h>d lead-p5cil1 be>+ d[n  firmly on 
! po9t1 s t ! l9es w be transf]r$ to !  
wood4  ,turn ! design ar\nd & repeat !  
draw+1 s t ! wood w  be> ! complete     
patt]n4 ,clamp ! wood to "o side or     
corn] ( !  b5* ) ?ree or f\r clamps4 ,d 
n screw ! clamps directly on !  wood1 b 
place betwe5 ! jaw & ! wood a piece (   
heavy c>d-bo>d1  or ano!r piece ( ?9    
wood1 to prev5t ! clamps f bruis+ !     
surface ( ! panel4    ,fir/1 ) a small  
,v1 or g\ge-*isel1 cut ! l9es2 aft] t ! 
leaves1 us+ a flat1 or spade1 *isel4    
,two curv$ incisions w %ape  out ! leaf1
 & ! angle ?r\gh ! c5tre describes ! ma9
 ve94  ,! *ipp+ may be %all[ or deep1 z 
a matt] ( *oice1 b m  effect may be _h  
by cutt+ fairly deep4    ,illu/ration3  
,fig4 #ae ,b4    ,! f9i%$ result w appe>

 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration ( !  *ip-c>v$    
panel 7,fig4 #ae ,b74 ,= light ornam5t+ 
or draw]-panels1  fancy boxes1 &        
picture-frames1 ?is =m ( c>v+ may be    
made bo?  pleas+ & effective4 ,moreov]1 
its ma/]y leads naturally to ! m        
arti/ic relief-c>v+4      ,a ,frame = a 
,small ,clock    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4    
#af4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4    ,get
 "o ( ! little nickel-plat$ clocks 7sold
 at sixty c5ts &  upw>ds74 ,lay x d[n on
 a smoo? piece ( s(t wood--p9e or       
c$>--ab\t  sev5 by eight in*es4 ,m>k    
ar\nd x closely ) a lead-p5cil1 &  cut  
out ! circul> op5+ ) y\r knife4 ,if y   
happ5 to h a  fret-saw or suitable      
tools1 y c make x ( h>d-wood4 ,smoo?    
nicely  ) s&-pap]4 ,! clock mu/ fit     
closely into ! op5+4 ,y w  f9d ,fig4 #af
 v easy to d4 ,cut out ! l9es1 be+      
c>eful n to let  ! tool slip :5 cutt+ ) 
! gra94 ,dilute ! walnut /a9 )          
turp5t9e1 & pa9t ! design inside ! l9es2
 ! grooves prev5t  ! color spread+4 ,let
 x dry4 ,! next day1 ) a wad ( cotton or

  piece ( canton flannel1 rub on "s     
v>ni%4 ,s(t wood absorbs x v  rapidly at
 fir/ until ! pores are fill$4 ,:5 q    
dry1 s&-pap]  nicely4 ,!n rub aga9 )    
v>ni%1 a little at a "t4 ,keep raw      
l9se$-oil ne> y 9 a cup2 dip "o f+] (   
y\r left h& 9 ?is  :5 ! "w becomes      
/icky1 & apply to ! pad2 x helps to     
spread  ! v>ni%4 ,rub briskly ) a       
circul> motion4 ,! v>ni% w dry  quickly1
 :5 x mu/ h a f9al poli%2 ?is br+s out !
 beauty (  ! gra94 ,if c>efully done1   
y\r "w w resemble inlay+4      ,"s ,o!r 
,designs    ,! daisy design 7,fig4 #ag7 
is *>m+ :5 f9i%$1 & has !  additional   
m]it ( be+ easy4 ,cut ! daisy =m f a    
visit+-c>d1  & m>k ar\nd x4 ,/a9 ! c5tre
 mu* d>k] ?an ! petals4    ,table-tops1 
jewel-boxes1 cal5d> frames1 *airs1 etc41
 may be pur*as$  already poli%$1 &      
outl9$ 9 "s da9ty patt]n4 ,a f9] tool   
7,no4  #aa1 #a_/fd7 comes = ?is k9d (   
"w4 ,( c\rse x _c be /a9$1  b if desir$ 
! backgr\nd may be /amp$ ) a />-po9t$   
8m>k]0  to give ! design prom95ce4      

,^! patt]ns may be adapt$ = ! decoration
 ( glove-boxes1  bread-plates1          
knife-boxes1 /ools1 blott+-books1       
c>d-cases1  mat*-boxes1                 
music-portfolios1 & _m o!r ?+s1 :i* w   
sell  well at fancy fairs1 or be highly 
appreciat$ z pres5ts4      ,relief-c>v+ 
,relief-c>v+ diff]s f ! *ip "w 9 t !    
ornam5t is rais$  in/ead ( be+ cut 94   
,solid relief-c>v+1 su* z appe>s on     
panels1  box-cov]s1 & furniture1 is     
produc$ ei!r by cutt+ ! backgr\nd  away 
or by c>v+ ! ornam5t sep>ately & !n glu+
 x onto !  surface ( ! article to be    
decorat$4 ,( c\rse1 ?is latt] process is
  only a make%ift1 & ! fir/ me?od is !  
really arti/ic "o4    ,x is be/ to beg9 
) some?+ simple & !n g on to ! m        
complicat$ =ms ( ornam5tal "w4 ,a neat  
patt]n = a long panel is  %[n 9 ,fig4   
#ah ,a4 ,?is panel is twelve in*es long 
& f\r & a half  in*es wide4             
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah ,a4    ,on a    
smoo? piece ( pap] draw "o-half ( !     
design & transf] x  to ! wood1 z        

describ$ = ! *ip-c>v$ panel4 ,clamp !   
wood to a  corn] ( ! b5* &1 ) a small   
wood5 mallet & bo? firm] &  g\ge-*isels1
 cut d[n on ! l9es & into ! face ( !    
wood4 ,!n1  ) ! g\ges & gr\nd+-tool1 cut
 away ! backgr\nd to a dep?  ( "o-eigh? 
( an in* or m1 until a result is obta9$ 
simil> to  t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah ,b4 ,!     
entire design & edge ( ! panel w  !n be 
9 relief1 b its surface w be flat &     
consequ5tly devoid  ( arti/ic feel+4 ,) 
! flat & extra flat g\ge-*isels beg9 to 
c>ve "s life into ! ornam5t4 ,a little  
practice w soon enable !  "y craftsman  
to obs]ve :i* p>ts %\ld be high & :i*   
%\ld be  l[4 ,! int]m$iate surfaces %\ld
 be left neutral1 or betwe5 high  & l[  
relief4 ,?is f9i%+ process dep5ds = its 
effect ^u !  good ta/e & feel+ ( !      
craftsman2 x is ! quality t gives       
arti/ic beauty & mean+ to ! "w4 ,!      
panel1 :5 complet$1  %\ld h ! appe>ance 
%[n 9 ,fig4 #ah ,c4    ,illu/ration3    
,fig4 #ah ,b4    ,z already /at$1 !     
g5]al effect ( relief-c>v+ may be also  

obta9$ ?r\gh ! 8appli$0 me?od1 a simpl] 
& less t$i\s  process1 b nei!r s arti/ic
 nor s sub/antial4    ,illu/ration3     
,fig4 #ah ,c4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai
 ,a4    ,! design is transf]r$ to a ?9  
piece ( wood & cut out ) a fret  or jig 
saw4 ,fig4 #ai ,a %[s a suitable patt]n 
= ?is class ( "w4  ,! pieces are !n glu$
 9 position on a ?ick piece ( wood1 & ! 
8feel+0 c>v$ 9 aft] ! fa%ion already    
indicat$4 ,?is 8appli$0  c>v+ may be us$
 on ! panels ( small draw]s1 cab9ets1 & 
boxes  ( v>i\s sizes & %apes4 ,!        
inv5tive boy w be able to design        
patt]ns = himself1 or !y may be *eaply  
b\ght4 ,fig4 #ai ,b %[s !  effect ( !   
f9i%$ "w4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai ,b4
      ,m\ld+s    ,9 ,fig4 #bj "s designs
 are giv5 = c>v$ m\ld+s1 & at ! side1   
end views are %[n4    ,pla9 m\ld+s (    
v>i\s %apes may also be b\ght at a mill1
 or f a  c>p5t]1 & may be giv5 8life0 ) 
a little c>e & "w4 ,bo? h>d  & s(t wood 
m\ld+s are available1 b at fir/ ! s(t]  
woods w  be f\nd ! easi] to "w4    ,a   

pla9 corn] on a wood5 picture-frame may 
be built up ) blocks (  wood glu$ on z  
%[n 9 ,fig4 #ba ,a4 ,:5 c>v$ ?is piece w
 h !  appe>ance ( ! f9i%$ corn] %[n 9   
,fig4 #ba ,b4 ,! arms ( *airs1  corn]s (
 furniture1 & ! l may be treat$ 9 ?is   
same mann]4    ,:5 flat & relief c>v+ h 
be5 ma/]$1 x w\ld be well to  attempt   
some?+ 9 figure & free-h& "w1 su* z     
animals1 fruit1  or heads4 ,b x w take a
 good deal ( practice on ! simple &     
conv5tional =ms be=e ! amateur w feel   
himself compet5t =  ! m advanc$ art4 ,z 
improvem5t 9 ! flat "w is notic$1 !     
ornam5t may be 8und]cut0 to give x      
ri*ness & boldness4    ,illu/ration3    
,fig4 #bj4    ,to f9i% wood 9 any desir$
 color1 /a9s may be pur*as$ at a pa9t   
or h>dw>e %op4 ,ov] ! /a9$ surface1 :5  
dry1 sev]al ?9 coats  ( h>d-oil f9i% or 
furniture v>ni% %\ld be appli$4 ,! back 
&  edges ( a c>v$ panel mu/ always be   
pa9t$ to protect !m f  moi/ure &        
dampness2 w>p+ & splitt+ are !reby      
avoid$4 ,"s  pieces ( c>v+ ne$ only a   

coat+ ( raw l9se$-oil1 :ile o!rs  may be
 treat$ to a wax f9i% compos$ ( beeswax 
cut 9 turp5t9e1  rubb$ 9 ) a clo?1 &    
poli%$ (f4 ,ano!r me?od ( d>k5+ oak     
7be=e x is v>ni%$7 is to expose x to !  
fumes ( ammonia1 or to  pa9t on liquid  
ammonia1 ) a bru%1 until ! desir$       
antique %ade is  obta9$4 ,! /a9+        
process1 h[ev]1 is pref]able4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba ,a4 ,,fig4 #ba 
,b4          ,*apt] ,,iii    ,,fretwork 
,,& ,,wood-,,turn+      ,ne>ly e boy has
 _h1 at "o "t or ano!r1 a desire to make
  scroll-brackets1 fretwork-boxes1 &    
filigree wood-"w ( v>i\s sorts4  ,! art 
is naturally affiliat$ ) o!r decorative 
processes 9  wood-work+1 su* z          
wood-turn+1 c>v+1 & m>quetry1 or ! art (
  inlay+ woods4 ,bo? fretwork &         
wood-turn+ are v old crafts1 &  7       
practis$ by ! anci5t ,egyptians1        
specim5s ( _! "w be+  /ill extant4    ,a
 great deal ( amusem5t & pleasure may be
 _h 9 ! possession (  a scroll-saw1 or  
8bracket ma*9e10 z x 0 commonly kn[n    

among boys  "s ye>s ago4 ,& fir/1 z to !
 implem5ts requir$4      ,! ,tools      
,to ^? :o c g to ! deal] & pay = j :at  
_! fancy  dictates1 !re is no tr\ble to 
procure all ! tools t may be ne$$  = !  
f9e/ "w2 b o!rs :o _c af=d ?is luxury   
may get  along nicely ) a v small       
outlay4 ,9 fact1 9 ne>ly e in/ance  kn[n
 to ! writ] :]e ! amateur has really    
rigg$ up 8 own  ma*9e1 he has become    
ma/] ( ! art soon]4 ,a numb] ( ye>s ago 
! writ]1 !n a s*ool-boy1 trans=m$ an old
 sew+-ma*9e table  into a scroll-saw &  
la!1 & to-day ?is homely old /& &       
crudely  put toge!r ma*9e does z good   
"w1 ) z little ef=t1 z !  f9e/ & mo/    
exp5sive outfit4 ,?is ma*9e1 all        
complete1 ) !  drill+ atta*m5t1 co/3 old
 ma*9e1 "o doll>2 doz5 saws1 assort$1   
tw5ty-five c5ts2 new mat]ial1 rivets1   
etc41 sixty-five c5ts2 drills  7/ill 9  
use71 fifte5 c5ts2 total1 two doll>s &  
five c5ts4    ,?is money 0 sav$ f build+
 fires & tak+ up a%es1 & !  fir/ "t !   
saw 0 run--"o cold1 /ormy day 9 late    

,novemb]--!re  0 cut up mat]ial :i*1 :5 
put toge!r & sold 7playmates &          
s*ool-fell[s be+ ! cu/om]s71 am\nt$ to  
ov] ?ree doll>s 9  ca%1 besides a few   
pocket-knives1 bits ( r>e wood1 & ! l t 
7 tak5 9 ex*ange4    ,mak+ a f9e        
scroll-saw f a sew+-ma*9e is ( itself an
 easy  matt]4 ,! balance-:eels %\ld be  
reta9$1 9 ord] t all back  la% c be     
easily ov]come4 ,! two arms hold+ ! saw 
are to be  ge>$ f "s :eel 9 ! re> or    
connect$ ) a belt4 ,if !  wri/-p9 7!    
crank1 or pitman wri/7 gives too long a 
motion1 x c  be easily tak5 up by ei!r  
drill+ ano!r hole ne>] ! c5tre or  us+ a
 b5t crank-p94 ,9 any ev5t ! cut %\ld n 
be ov] "o in*4    ,ano!r me?od ( %ort5+ 
! /roke 7& a v good "o if ! means  (    
mak+ ! o!r *anges are n at h&7 is by    
*ang+ ! be>+  ( ! arm4 ,! ne>] ! saw !  
%ort] ! /roke4 ,! clamp-screws  hold+ ! 
saws %\ld be adju/able1 s t ei!r a long 
or a %ort  saw-blade may be us$4 ,^? :o 
break _! blades 7& !re are none  :o d n7
 w f9d great economy 9 us+ adju/able    

clamps1 z !  %ort pieces c be us$ = saw+
 ?9 /uff1 v5e]s1 & ! l4  ,! be/ k9d (   
clamp is provid$ ) a slit to receive !  
blade & a  set-screw = tight5+4    ,!   
tools necess>y = h&-saw+ are v simple & 
inexp5sive1  consi/+ ( a wood5          
saw-frame1 "o doll>2 doz5 saw-blades1   
tw5ty  c5ts2 "o clamp-screw1 tw5ty-five 
c5ts2 drill & /ock1 fifty c5ts2  total1 
"o doll> & n9ety-five c5ts4    ,9       
select+ saw-blades be c>eful to buy only
 ^? ) %>p &  regul>-cut tee?4 ,saws are 
grad$ by numb] = h&-saw+4 ,numb]s #j  & 
#a are ! be/ sizes1 unless = v delicate 
"w1 :5 f9] ones  %\ld be us$4 ,! l>g]   
blades h co>se tee?1 :i* are liable  to 
cat* 9 ! "w & te> x4 ,s9ce1 at ! be/1 ! 
motion (  ! h&-saw is j]ky1 n ne>ly s   
nice "w c be done z ) !  treadle-saw1   
:i* has an ev51 /eady gait4    ,= all   
op5-"w x is necess>y to h some?+ to pun*
 holes1 s  t a />t may be made on !     
inside4 ,_m use an ord9>y brad-awl1  b  
?is is liable to split ! wood4 ,besides1
 x is n possible to  pun* a hole s smoo?

 & nice z x c be drill$ or bor$2 h5ce1 a
  drill is includ$ 9 ! li/1 & x w be    
f\nd a v h&y tool =  ei!r h& or treadle 
saws4 ,! mo/ s]viceable article ( ?is   
k9d is  ! small ,g]man drill-/ock1 t c  
be b\ght ) six drill-po9ts1  assort$    
sizes1 = fifty c5ts1 or ! small         
h&-drills1 ) side  :eel & h&le1 &       
provid$ ) a small *uck to clut* ! drill4
    ,f :at ,i h said1 x %\ld n be inf]r$
 t any objections  are made to any ( !  
beautiful little ma*9es n[ to be b\ght  
at  mod]ate co/4 ,by all means1 :5 !    
exp5se c be af=d$1 ^!  %\ld be us$4 ,!  
good ones w d ! mo/ delicate "w1 c be   
run  ) great ease1 & w cut f eight to   
tw5ty pieces at a "t1  accord+ to !     
?ickness ( ! wood1 leav+ ! edges ( ! "w 
p]fectly smoo?4 ,9 us+ treadle-ma*9es1  
ins]t ! saw-blades )  ! tee? po9t+      
d[nw>d & t[>ds ! front ( ! ma*9e1 &     
guide ! wood easily ) ! f+]s1 ) ! wri/s 
re/+ firmly  on ! table1 be+ c>eful n to
 fe$ too fa/ or cr[d aga9/ !  saw       
sideways4 ,o!rwise ! blades w be heat$ &

 brok51 & !y  w we> away ! little wood5 
button set at ! c5tre ( ! plate to      
prev5t ! saw f t\*+ ! metal "w-table4   
,! ,practice ( ! ,art    ,mo/ boys "k h[
 to run a scroll-saw1 or ?9k !y d1 yet a
 few  practical h9ts %\ld n come amiss4 
,to beg9 )1 ! ma*9e %\ld be well oil$1  
all nuts1 screws1 &  bolts turn$ up     
tight1 & ! belts adju/$ at suffici5t    
t5sion to  run at a high rate ( spe$ )\t
 slipp+4 ,_m ma*9es1 ev5 9  l>ge mills1 
are groan+ & fil+ out _! j\rnals & be>+s
  simply because ! belts are too tight4 
,"o ( ! fir/ pr9ciples to  be ma/]$ 9   
appli$ me*anics is t ( p[] transmission1
 &  "r "h ! "y workman has ! be/ (      
opportunities to solve1 9 a  measure1 a 
great me*anical problem--namely1 a belt 
tight en\gh to drive  ! ma*9e & d ! "w1 
& loose en\gh to run easy & cause no    
unnecess>y friction or we> on ! j\rnals 
& box+s4    ,= y\r fir/ practice take "s
 cig>-box wood 7( :i* a good /ock  %\ld 
be kept71 & trace ^u ! d>k sides a s]ies
 ( angles &  curv$ l9es4 ,nev]1 "u any  

circum/ances1 beg9 saw+ )\t a  trac+1 or
 a patt]n ( "s k9d1 to saw to1 = n[ is !
 "t to  cultivate habits ( accuracy4 ,) 
no design or objective-po9t1 no?+  b a  
bit ( useless bo>d w result2 besides1 y 
w =m a habit (  work+ )\t a guide1 a    
habit t has made m poor artisans ?an  ! 
love ( idl5ess & bad company4 ,lay !    
wood on ! re/1 or plate1  & see t x lies
 solidly4 ,if x %akes1 ! wood is unev5 &
 %\ld  be /raight5$1 = no "o c saw a    
w>p$ bo>d & make accurate  "w2 besides1 
x is impossible to "w 9 su* wood )\t    
break+  ! saws4 ,! wood be+ level1 hold 
x d[n ) ! left h&1 fa/5  securely a ,no4
 #a blade 9 ! frame1 & beg9 saw+1 be+   
c>eful to  keep ! motion v high & fe$+  
sl[ly1 saw+ out ! trac+  l9es1 or keep+ 
close to "o side ( !m4 ,if an ord9>y    
h&-frame is  us$1 "w x firmly 9 "o      
direction1 keep+ ! blade p]p5dicul>1  & 
turn+ ! wood s t ! saw may foll[ !      
patt]n4    ,aft] y h ?or\ghly le>n$ !   
motion ( ! ma*9e1 ! cutt+  ( ! saw1     
fe$+1 etc41 try saw+ a /raight l9e1 be+ 

c>eful n  to pu% or cr[d ! blade        
sideways1 z ?is w n only make ! l9es    
crook$1 b w heat & ru9 ! blades1 if x   
does n break !m4  ,:5 y h become an     
adept 9 foll[+ a /raight l9e1 & cutt+  !
 l9es ( a curve accurately1 m>k out     
sev]al ,vs & squ>es4 ,to saw  a ,v beg9 
at ! upp] end & saw d[n to ! po9t2 n[   
back ! saw  out1 & saw f ! o!r end d[n  
to ! same po9t4 ,if ! l9e is  c>efully  
foll[$1 ?is w insure a %>p1 clean-cut   
angle4 ,to cut  out a squ>e hole1 saw   
d[n to ! angle1 !n "w ! blade up &  d[n 
9 "o place rapidly until x becomes      
loose2 !n turn ! wood at  "r angles &   
saw c>efully along ! l9e to ! o!r corn]1
 :5  ! op]ation may be repeat$4 ,j z    
soon z y c saw /raight &  curv$ l9es    
true to trac+s1 x is safe to beg9 good  
"w ) little  if any fe> ( spoil+ lumb]  
or break+ an undue numb] ( saws4      ,!
 ,prep>ation ( ! ,"w    ,"o ( ! simple/ 
objects = a beg9n] to try 8 skill ^u is 
a  wall-bracket su* z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,a
 piece ( c$>--! bottom & lid  ( a       

cig>-box w answ] ! purpose excell5tly--f
 sev5 to eight  in*es 9 l5g? by six & a 
half 9 wid? is a conv5i5t size4 ,!  %elf
 is a semicircul> piece ei!r pla9 or    
scallop$ 9 front1 & its  support mu/ be 
( light1 op51 b /rong design to mat*    
"o-half (  ! l[] design to ! wall-plate4
 ,h+es are sometimes plac$ to all  p>ts 
9 ord] to make x easy to pack ! bracket4
 ,b su* additions  c only be made by !  
exp]t craftsman4    ,! fir/ ?+ to be    
done is to trace ! design on a ?9 piece 
(  pap] aft] x has be5 drawn r\ghly on a
 smoo? %eet ( br[n pap]4  ,:5 ! trac+ is
 complete1 lay x face d[nw>d1 & cov] x )
  p[d]$ r$ *alk4 ,! trac+ is !n impos$  
on ! wood1 ) !  r$ side d[nw>d4 ,) a    
blunt bodk9 or lead-p5cil we n[ draw    
firmly  along ! l9es1 ?us reproduc+ !   
trac+ on ! surface ( ! wood4  ,hav+     
accompli%$ ?is1 we remove ! pap]1 & ) p5
 & ink make  a complete draw+ ( ! outl9$
 design on ! wood4    ,9 design+        
fretwork great c>e mu/ be tak5 to get ! 
two sides  ( ! patt]n alike & 9 correct 

draw+4 ,?is c be/ be done by  draw+ !   
design on trac+-pap]1 & d\bl+ x ov] :51 
) a  little extra pressure ( ! p5cil1 a 
good design c be obta9$ on  bo? sides ( 
! pap]4    ,:5 ?is has be5 accompli%$   
pi]ce ! wood at v>i\s po9ts ) a  drill4 
,! holes ?us made are to all[ ! saw to  
ent]4 ,! wood may  n[ be put 9 ! clamp4 
,!n ) a mod]ately /rong saw ! "y  beg9n]
 c make 8 fir/ attempt4 ,! frame mu/ be 
held p]fectly  /raight & ! arm work$    
/eadily up & d[n4    ,turn+ ! saw is    
always a difficult po9t ) amateurs1 b 9 
reality  !re is b little 9 ! op]ation t 
_c be ma/]$ ) a few  mom5ts' practice4  
,! secret ( turn+ neatly & )\t damag+   
ei!r saw or wood is to "w v /eadily up &
 d[n1 b n =w>d1  :5 ! turn+-po9t has be5
 rea*$4 ,!n by a %>p & active  movem5t (
 ! wri/ & wood ! saw %\ld be turn$1 b n 
j]k$1  & ! new l9e comm5c$4 ,sometimes1 
h[ev]1 ! delicacy ( !  patt]n makes ?is 
impossible4 ,! saw %\ld !n be pull$     
backw>d &  =w>d g5tly until a           
suffici5tly l>ge hole has be5 made4     

,x is impossible1 )9 ! limits ( ?is     
*apt]1 to give designs =  any           
consid]able numb] ( ! articles t c be   
made 9 fretwork2  b ) ! descriptions j  
giv51 & ! few accompany+ patt]ns1  a boy
 :o has any idea ( draw+ & design+ c put
 p>ts ( an  ornam5t toge!r & s "w out   
new & attractive v>iations4      ,a     
,mat*-safe    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4  
,,fig4 #b4 ,,fig4 #c4    ,! design = a  
mat*-safe is %[n 9 ,fig4 #b1 !          
wall-plate measur+  two in*es & a half 9
 wid? & sev5 in*es high4 ,"o side ( !   
patt]n %\ld fir/ be drawn 9 free-h&1 !n 
trac$ & transf]r$  to ! ?9 wood & ! l9es
 gone ov] ) a %>p-po9t$1 h>d  p5cil1 s t
 x w be an easy matt] to see !m :5 saw+4
    ,! front plate ( ! mat*-safe is %[n 
at ,b & "o end at ,c4 ,!  front is two &
 a half in*es long & "o in* wide1 & !   
ends are  made 9 proportion1 or ab\t    
sev5-eigh?s ( an in* wide4 ,^! p>ts  are
 put toge!r ) slim /eel nails & glue1   
hav+ fir/ drill$ !  holes :]e ! nails   
are to be driv5 to prev5t !m f splitt+ !

  wood4    ,mo/ ( ! mod]n scroll-saw+   
ma*9es h movable b$s1 s t  bevel cuts c 
be made4 ,?is is done by tilt+ ! b$ or  
table  slightly1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,z a 
result ! "w w h a n>r[]  face ?an !     
back1 z %[n at ! "r side ( ! bracket 9  
,fig4 #a4  ,h[ev]1 9 mak+ ! front1 or   
bracket "p1 !re %\ld n be any           
bevel-cutt+1 s9ce x w\ld look "o-sid$4  
,keep ! b$ flat 9 t  case1 & make !     
regul> cuts = /raight "w4      ,a       
,wall-bracket    ,! simple bracket %[n 9
 ,fig4 #a is an easy "o to draw1 & x may
  be cut f holly1 bir*1 oak1 or any good
 wood ab\t "o-eigh? ( an  in* 9         
?ickness4 ,! bracket or front-piece is  
half ! back-plate1  omitt+ ! top        
ornam5t4 ,! %elf 7,a7 may be r\nd$1     
scallop$1 or  cut s]p5t9e1 z indicat$ by
 ! dott$ l9es1 & ! ?ree p>ts are  put   
toge!r ) f9e nails1 or screws1 & glue4  
,a ,fretwork-box    ,= a glove or       
necktie box an attractive design is %[n 
9 ,fig4 #d1  ,a be+ ! top & ,b ! front  
or back4 ,! ends %\ld be made a         

proportionate size1 & a "p ( ! trac$    
ornam5t c be transf]r$  to !m1 s z to   
mat* ! o!r p>ts4    ,illu/ration3 ,a    
,,glove-,,box ,,& ,a ,t ,,bracket       
,,fig4 #d4 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,fig4 #f4    ,a  
good size to make ?is box w be t5 in*es 
long1 five in*es wide1  & ?ree in*es    
deep4 ,?is %\ld be ! size ( ! ma9 rib or
  rectangle 9 ! top1 & out f x !        
scallops project ?ree-qu>t]s  ( an in*  
all ar\nd4    ,lay out "o-qu>t] ( ! cov]
 design on a piece ( smoo? pap]2  !n    
make a trac+ ( x4 ,) a piece (          
transf]-pap] ?is qu>t]  %\ld be gone ov]
 ) a blunt lead-p5cil1 s t ! l9es w be  
transf]r$ to ! wood4 ,take c>e :5 mak+ a
 transf] to see t  ! qu>t] has be5      
accurately plac$ on ! wood s t a p]fect 
rectangle w be _h4    ,put ?is box      
toge!r ) glue & small1 slim nails1 &    
arrange a  bottom ( ?9 wood to fit :]e !
 l[] cross-rib ( ! sides is  %[n4 ,if ! 
saw leaves ragg$ edges at ! rev]se side 
( ! wood1  !y may be clean$ (f ) f9e    
s&-pap] or a small file4      ,"s ,o!r  

,designs    ,ano!r design = a bracket is
 illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #e2 & 9 ,fig4 #f  a  
,t is %[n t may be us$ = a bracket or a 
wall-hang]1 along  ! top edge ( :i*     
small hooks may be arrang$ to hold a    
%oe-horn1  button-hooks1 scissors1 & o!r
 small b$room accessories4              
,wood-turn+    ,! common examples (     
wood-turn+ ) :i* a boy is mo/ famili>   
are  tops1 balls1 bats1 dumb-bells1     
,indian clubs1 broom-h&les1 & spools4   
,all ( ^! objects are made 9 a la!1 &   
?is is ! self-same  ma*9e t has be5 9   
use = c5turies1 ) b few modifications4  
,l ! pott]'s :eel1 x is simplicity      
itself & ne$s no improvem5t4    ,!      
object ( a la! is to cause a piece (    
wood or o!r mat]ial to  revolve f end to
 end1 s t :5 a *isel or o!r %>p-edg$    
tool  is held aga9/ ! mov+ surface x w  
cut away t "p ( !  mat]ial at :i* ! tool
 is direct$4    ,! boy :o lives ne> a   
wood-work+ e/abli%m5t1 or mill1 c ga9  m
 k 9 wat*+ a wood-turn] at "w = half an 
h\r ?an  he c le>n f read+ a book on !  

subject = _m days4 ,x is a  simple      
craft1 b a firm h& & a true cut are !   
important factors 9  mak+ a boy a ma/] (
 ! la!4    ,once ! k is ga9$1 h[ev]1 x  
is an easy matt] to turn all  sorts (   
objects4    ,a simple la! may be made f 
a small table1 a gr9d/one1 a            
trunk-/rap1 & sev]al small p>ts t are   
easily gott5 toge!r4  ,read h[ 9 8      
boyhood days ! au?or con/ruct$ a small  
la!4    ,betwe5 ! legs ( a table two b>s
 7 nail$ across = supports to  ! %aft1  
:i* 0 made ( oak & measur$ ?ree feet    
long & "o  in* squ>e4 ,?is j fitt$ !    
hole 9 a gr9d/one t 0 us$ =  !          
balance-:eel4 ,six in*es f ! ends ( !   
%aft ! corn]s 7  cut away to =m be>+s on
 ! cross-b>s1 :i* 7 holl[$ out  to      
receive x4 ,a lea!r /rap 0 nail$ ov] to 
keep x 9 position4  ,! gr9d/one 0 next  
plac$ on ! %aft1 ne> "o end1 betwe5  !  
be>+s1 & w$g$4 ,ov] x two brackets1 f\r 
in*es high1 7  screw$ 9 position on !   
table top1 six in*es ap>t1 =m+ a support
  = a %aft ( a small :eel or pulley made

 ( wood4 ,9 ! end ( an a%  %aft1 "o in* 
squ>e & eight in*es long1 7 ?ree %>p    
po9ts  made by driv+ 9 nails )\t heads1 
! project+ ends be+ fil$  to po9ts2 ^!1 
=c$ aga9/ ! block1 held "o end firmly   
en\gh  to turn4 ,! places :]e ! be>+s   
came 7 cut 9 ! =m ( a  cyl9d]           
?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 &       
correspond+ places  7 holl[$ 9 !        
supports 7z %[n at ,fig4 #h7 to receive 
x1 a small  piece ( wood be+ screw$ on  
ov] ea*1 aft] ! %aft & :eel 7  put 9    
position4    ,a belt 0 made ( an old    
trunk-/rap1 pass$ r\nd ! gr9d/one &     
?r\gh two holes 9 ! table ov] ! little  
:eel1 caus+ ! latt]  to revolve v       
rapidly :5 ! =m] 0 turn$4 ,?is 0 done by
 a  treadle put 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,two  
cranks 7 made 7,a 9 ,fig4 #g7  by a     
blacksmi? & atta*$ to ! ends ( ! long   
%aft4 ,!y 7  ?ree in*es long & _h a knob
 on ! end ( ! h&le to prev5t !          
connect+-rods f slipp+ (f4 ,! latt] 7 ( 
h>d-wood1 )  a half-in* hole bor$ ?r\gh 
ne> "o end4 ,!y 7 !n split six  in*es1  

all[+ !m to be plac$ on ! h&les4 ,a     
screw 0 !n put  9 to secure !m1 ! l[]   
ends be+ connect$ ) a treadle made z  9 
,fig4 #g4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4   
,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4    ,! second      
sp9dle at fir/ 0 made immovable by      
ins]t+ a piece (  qu>t]-in* wire 9 a    
wood5 bracket1 :i* 0 screw$ to ! table2 
b f9d+ x n always conv5i5t to use blocks
 ( ! same l5g?1  "o 0 arrang$ to slide2 
x c\ld be secur$ 9 any position )       
?umb-screws4 ,a long cut a qu>t] ( an   
in* wide 0 fir/ saw$ 9  ! table 9 ! l9e 
( ! %ort %aft2 !n a bracket ?ree in*es  
high 0 screw$ to a %ort /rip two in*es  
wide1 "o in* ?ick1 &  a foot long4 ,a   
simil> /rip 0 plac$ b5ea?1 ?r\gh :i* two
  ?umb-screws pass$4 ,a piece ( wire1   
fil$ to a po9t & driv5 9  ! bracket1    
s]v$ = a c5tre4 ,a movable block ( wood 
?ree & a  half in*es high 0 us$ = a tool
 re/1 :i* by means ( two small  bolts & 
?umb-screws 0 held fa/ to ! table top4  
,slots cut 9 !  table top made x        
possible to move ?is re/ =w>d or        

backw>d1 & !  ?umb-screws1 or w+$-nuts1 
z !y are prop]ly call$1 7 tight5$  at ! 
"u side ( ! table1 z %[n at ,fig4 #i4   
,a great deal ( pleasure may be _h at   
little or no co/ ) a la! (  ?is         
description4 ,all sorts ( small ?+s may 
be turn$1 & :5 a boy  has ma/]$ ! craft 
x w\ld be well to add an iron la! to 8  
/ock  ( tools1 if ! co/ is at all )9 8  
means4          ,*apt] ,,iv    ,,picture
 ,,m\nt+ ,,& ,,fram+      ,! mod]n idea 
9 fram+ pictures is to h ! frame        
h>monize )  ! subject1 r ?an to employ a
 /ock m\ld+ ) set patt]n  made by !     
mile1 & cut up into frames ( all sizes &
 = all sorts  ( pictures4 ,all ! frames 
%[n 9 ! illu/rations accompany+ ?is     
*apt] 7 made at home1 & f su* simple    
mat]ials z ?9 bo>ds1  burlap1 tea-*e/   
matt+1 d5im1 wire1 %eet-lead1           
h>ness-r+s1 &  brass-head$ uphol/]]s'   
tacks4      ,a ,dut* ,head ,m\nt+    ,= 
! /udy ( a ,dut* head a unique frame1 or
 m\nt+1 is %[n 9  ,fig4 #a4 ,?is is a   
bo>d ( ?9 wood ( a size 9 proportion to 

!  photograph1 ! latt] be+ nail$ to !   
bo>d ) l>ge1 oval-head$  tacks pa9t$    
black4    ,! bo>d is cov]$ ) gre5 d5im1 
! edges ( :i* are drawn  ov] ! back ( ! 
bo>d & glu$1 or fa/5$ ) small tacks4 ,! 
photograph1 a plat9um pr9t1 is trimm$ to
 an oval1 & !n m\nt$  on a :ite c>d4 ,:5
 ! pa/e is dry ! m\nt is also cut       
ovalwise1  foll[+ ! l9e ( ! photograph1 
& leav+ a :ite m>g9  half an in* 9 wid?4
 ,! picture is plac$ on ! bo>d s t !    
side & top m>g9s w be equal2 x is !n    
fa/5$ 9 place )  uphol/]]s' tacks driv5 
?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ap>t4              
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,fig4 #c4    ,^!
 nails1 z well z ! o!r metal-"w1 are to 
be coat$ ) a  mixture ( dry lamp-black &
 %ellac be=e !y are driv5 on !  bo>d4 ,!
 nails %\ld be pa9t$ "s "t be=e !y are  
to be us$1  s t ! black coat+ w be      
?or\ghly dry4 ,aft] ! nails are  driv5 9
 place x may be necess>y to g ov] !m ) a
 small bru%  & "s ( ! black pa9t1 to t\*
 up places :]e ! coat+ has  *ipp$ (f4   
,! ornam5t bel[ ! picture & !           

hang]-/raps are cut f  %eet-lead ab\t   
"o-sixte5? ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,! /ems 
are (  ord9>y iron wire1 su* z may be   
pur*as$ at a h>dw>e /ore = a  few c5ts4 
,ea* piece ( ! design is sep>ate1 & may 
be easily cut  f s(t lead ) an old pair 
( %e>s1 & aft]w>ds trimm$ ) a           
pocket-knife or a small file4    ,draw+s
 ( ! metal p>ts to ?is frame are %[n 9  
,fig4 #b4 ,a is !  /rap at ! top1 :]e ! 
hang] is atta*$2 ,b1 ! scrolls =m+  !   
hang]2 ,c1 "o ( ! buds at ! top ( ! /em 
( wire2 ,d1 !  fl[] at ! middle ( !     
frame "u ! picture2 ,e1 "o ( ! long     
leaves2 & ,f1 a %ort] curv$ "o4 ,^! are 
all pa9t$ black be=e  !y are appli$ to !
 bo>d2 !n !y are caught ) l>ge &  small 
nails1 ! l>ge ones = effect1 ! small &  
invisible ones to  securely atta* !     
metal ornam5ts to ! wood4    ,small     
/aples made f p9s ) ! heads cut (f are  
us$ to hold !  wire /ems 9 place1 b at !
 out] ends ! wire is caught "u !  buds  
or fl[]s1 :]e x is held 9 place ) an    
uphol/]]'s tack4    ,! ornam5tal hang]s 

are made f ?9 /rips ( /ove-pipe iron    
"o-qu>t] ( an in* wide1 & may be %ap$ ) 
a small pair (  pli]s or b5t ) ! f+]s4  
7,see ,*apt] ,v41 ,v5etian & ,flor5t9e  
,metal-"w47 ,! long upp] "p ( !         
/rap-pieces are b5t ov] &  caught at !  
back ( ! frame1 & =m a /aple1 into :i* !
 l[]  loop ( ea* hang] is made fa/4     
,if ! l>ge1 oval-head$ nails :i* hold ! 
picture to ! bo>d  _c be _h at y\r      
h>dw>e /ore1 imitation heads may be cut 
f  lead1 black5$1 & fa/5$ on ) two or   
?ree f9e /eel-nails4      ,a ,d>k ,c>d  
,m\nt+    ,! m\nt+ %[n 9 ,fig4 #c is    
con/ruct$ along ! same l9es z t  ( ,fig4
 #a1 b ! hang]s are diff]5t1 & !        
picture1 hav+ a  :ite edge1 is m\nt$ on 
a d>k c>d4 ,! nails are !n driv5 on !   
:ite b&1 9 ord] to make !m m conspicu\s 
?an !y w\ld be if  fa/5$ on ! out] m>g94
    ,a l9e may be drawn on a piece (    
smoo? br[n pap] indicat+ ! size  ( !    
frame1 & ano!r "o to d5ote ! location ( 
! picture4 ,!  design %\ld !n be drawn  
on ! pap] ) lead-p5cil1 & ! little      

fl[]s1 buds1 & leaves fitt$ to ?is plan4
 ,! wire may also be  b5t to con=m to ! 
l9es ( ! draw+1 s t x w be an easy      
matt] to apply ! accurately fitt$ p>ts  
to ! frame1 :]e !y are  fa/5$ ) small1  
oval-head$ tacks4    ,a /rip ( %eet-lead
 five in*es long & "o-half an in* wide  
is cut  ,v-%ap$ at ! bottom1 & ! top is 
b5t ov] a two-in* h>ness-r+1  !n drawn  
d[n & fa/5$ ) a nail1 to prev5t x f     
releas+  ! r+4 ,^! hang]s are fix$ at ! 
top1 midway betwe5 ! picture  & ! out]  
edge ( ! frame4 ,l>ge-head$ wr\ght-iron 
bell[s-nails  are us$ on :i* to hang !  
picture2 !y are driv5 into ! wall1  &1  
:5 necess>y1 ! picture may be remov$ f  
!m by simply  lift+ ! r+s ov] !         
nail-heads4      ,a ,triple ,m\nt+      
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4    ,! long panel
 effect %[n 9 ,fig4 #d is a simple &    
pleas+ m\nt+  = small photographs1 or   
color$ pr9ts4 ,a bo>d is cov]$ )  ord9>y
 burlap1 :i* is drawn ov] ! surface &   
tack$ at ! back2  app>5tly x is held 9  
place by ! l>ge1 oval-head$ tacks driv5 

all  ar\nd ! out] edge4 ,a c>d-m\nt !   
size ( ! photograph is cut  away at !   
middle1 leav+ ! out] edge ab\t half or  
five-eigh?s (  an in* 9 wid?4 ,?is is   
laid ov] ! photograph1 & ?r\gh x !      
nails are driv5 :i* hold ! photograph & 
! frame to ! bo>d4  ,! scroll-hang]s at 
! top & ! nail-head decorations add to !
  arti/ic appe>ance ( ?is frame4        
,pla9 ,fram+    ,= et*+s1 wat]-colors1  
or color$ photographs & aqu>elles1 :]e  
a wide mat is desirable1 pla9 n>r[      
frames %\ld be us$4 ,^! may  be made f  
m\ld+ ) ! rabbet cut 9 by ma*9e1 b ! boy
  craftsman may use flat rails & make 8 
own rabbet4    ,fir/ cut ! jo9ts ) a    
mitre-box & saw2 !n ) glue &  slim nails
 a good union is made1 z %[n at ,fig4   
#e1 ! dott$ l9es  repres5t+ ! long1 slim
 nails4 ,if a lap-po9t is pref]r$ to a  
mitre1 bo? ends ( ! flat rails %\ld be  
cut away1 z %[n at  ,fig4 #f1 ! union   
be+ made ) glue & %ort screws driv5 9 f 
! back ( ! frame1 tak+ c>e1 h[ev]1 n to 
puncture or deface  ! face ( ! frame4   

,:]e a rabbet is to be made at ! back ( 
a  frame1 ! front inn] edge %\ld be     
bevell$1 z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4  #g1 s t   
!re w n be too great a ?ickness ( wood  
close to !  glass4 ,a qu>t] ( an in* out
 f ! inn] edge ( ! frame fa/5  f\r squ>e
 /icks ) glue & small nails4 ,^! /icks  
%\ld be  ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* squ>e1 &  
mitr$ at ! corn]s1 z %[n  at ,b 9 ,fig4 
#g4 ,! glass c !n lie on ! back ( !     
frame )9  ! space describ$ by ! small   
/icks1 & ov] x ! picture &  back-bo>d   
are plac$1 ! nails be+ driv5 9 to hold  
!m 9 place4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 
,,fig4 #e4 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,fig4 
#h4 ,,fig4 #i4      ,a ,sport+ ,m\nt    
,= a picture 9 :i* horses are prom95t1  
su* z a race1 a gr\p (  horses' heads1  
or a driv+ sc5e1 an appropriate frame is
 sugge/$ 9  ,fig4 #h4    ,! frame prop] 
is made f n>r[ /rips ( wood1 ! face (   
:i* is  /udd$ ) oval-head$ nails4 ,?is  
frame is !n arrang$ on a l>ge  bo>d1 &  
at ! corn]s blocks1 or sep>ators1 are   
fa/5$1 :i* w  cause ! frame to /& away f

 ! l>ge bo>d = half an in* or  s1 9 ord]
 t ! /irrup-/rap & ! :ip-h&le may pass  
"u  x1 z %[n at ,a 9 ,fig4 #h4    ,!    
frame is hung by means ( l>ge h>ness-r+s
 caught at ! top (  ! frame ) lea!r     
/raps4 ,^! are c>ri$ ab\t ! back-bo>d & 
buckl$ at ! front4 ,! /irrup is susp5d$ 
f ! l[] middle "p  ( ! frame on a /rap1 
:i* is caught ab\t ! back-bo>d & runs   
"u ! small front frame4    ,d>k ,flemi% 
oak = ! back-bo>d1 russet /raps1 & brass
 buckles  w make a pleas+ comb9ation2 & 
if ! picture is a color$ "o1 x  w add   
greatly to ! effect ( ! complete m\nt+4 
,a ,r\nd-rob9 ,m\nt+    ,= "o l>ge      
head-picture & a numb] ( small ones a   
novel s*eme =  m\nt+ is %[n at ,fig4 #i4
    ,?is is a "o-piece b>rel-head cov]$ 
) burlap or d5im4 ,!  photographs are   
cut circul> & m\nt$ on heavy :ite or    
cream-color$  c>d-m\nts1 !n trimm$ s t a
 m>g9 half an in* wide w be left  all   
ar\nd4 ,^! are to be appli$ to !        
b>rel-head ) oval-head$  uphol/]]s'     
nails1 z sugge/$ = ,fig4 #a4 ,! hang]s  

are made f  ?9 /rips ( iron1 & %\ld be z
 long z half ! diamet] ( !  bo>d4       
,"p ,,ii    ,,metal-,,work+             
,*apt] ,v    ,,v5etian ,,& ,,flor5t9e   
,,metal-,,"w      ,9 ,italy1 _m ye>s    
ago1 !re orig9at$ ! pretty h\sehold art 
(  mak+ small objects f metal /rips b5t 
into graceful curves &  scrolls1 & !n   
b&$ toge!r4 ,dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s        
,am]ican &  ,engli% boys h tak5 up ?is  
,v5etian & ,flor5t9e metal-"w1 &  to-day
 ! mat]ials may be pur*as$ at h>dw>e    
/ores 9 all ! l>ge  cities4    ,! tools 
requir$ are a pair ( flat & a pair (    
r\nd-nos$ pli]s1  or p9c]s1 a pair (    
heavy %e>s1 & a pair ( wire-cutt]s2 a   
small  b5*-vise w also be useful4    ,! 
mat]ials include a few %eets ( ?9       
/ove-pipe iron ( good  quality 7x may be
 pur*as$ f a t9smi?71 sev]al y>ds ( f9e1
  s(t iron wire1 & "s heavi] wire =     
framework4    ,f ! %eets ( iron n>r[    
/rips are to be cut ) ! %e>s1 &  =      
ord9>y "w !y %\ld be n m ?an            
?ree-sixte5?s ( an  in* 9 wid?2 = heavi]

 or light] "w ! wid? may be v>i$4 ,if x 
is possible to obta9 ! prep>$ /rips at a
 h>dw>e /ore1 x w be  bett] ?an mak+ !m 
at home1 s9ce x is a tiresome task to   
cut _m  ( ! /rips f %eet-iron4 ,s(t1 ?9 
iron t w b5d easily is  ! only k9d t is 
( use1 z ! h>d or brittle iron breaks (f
 &  x is impossible to b5d x into uni=m 
or ev5 scrolls4    ,a little pati5ce &  
p]sev]ance w be necess>y at fir/ until !
  knack ( =m+ scrolls has be5 ma/]$1 b  
once le>n$ x w !n  be an easy matt] to  
make _m pretty & useful objects4      ,a
 ,lamp-scre5    ,an attractive design = 
a lamp-scre5 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #a ,a4 ,:5  
complet$ & back$ ) "s pretty mat]ial x w
 be f\nd a useful  little affair to hang
 aga9/ ! %ade ( a lamp to %ield "o's    
eyes  f ! direct rays ( a bright light4 
,to beg9 )1 =m a squ>e ( six in*es1 & at
 ! top :]e ! ends  meet make a lap-jo9t 
by all[+ "o end to project ov] ! o!r2 !n
  b9d !m toge!r ) "s v f9e wire--ab\t ! 
size t flori/s  use4 ,inside ( ?is squ>e
 make a circle six in*es 9 diamet]1 &   

wire  x fa/ to ! squ>e :]e ! sides1     
bottom1 & top t\* x4    ,b5d f\r small  
circles1 & fa/5 "o 9 ea* ( ! f\r angul> 
corn]s betwe5 ! circle & squ>e2 !n =m ! 
c5tre scrolls &  ! hoop 9 ! middle ( !  
scre54    ,to =m a scroll l t %[n 9     
,fig4 #a b5d a /rip ( metal 9 !  =m ( a 
,u1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b1 & ) ! r\nd-nos$   
pair (  pli]s beg9 to curl "o end 91 z  
%[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,:5 x has be5  roll$ f> 
en\gh 9 to =m "o side ( ! scroll1 x w   
appe> z  %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,by treat+ !   
o!r end 9 a simil> mann] !  f9i%$ result
 w be a p]fect scroll l ,fig4 #a4 ,f\r (
 ^!  scrolls are to be made & b&$ to !  
circle & to ea* o!r1 & 9  ! c5tre ! hoop
 mu/ be made fa/ ) little metal b&s4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,fig4 #a ,a4  
,,fig4 #b4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,fig4 
#e4 ,,fig4 #f4  ,,fig4 #g4    ,:5 unit+ 
or b9d+ two /rips ( metal toge!r !y may 
be fa/5$  ) wire or b&s1 z a matt] (    
*oice4 ,if ! latt] mode is  employ$1    
%ort pieces ( ! metal /rips are to be   
cut & p>tially  b5t 9 ! =m ( a clamp1 z 

%[n 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,br+ ! two sides  toge!r
 & b5d "o e> ( ! clamp ov] !m 7,fig4    
#f71 & if !  o!r e> is ! prop] l5g?1 b5d
 t d[n 9 place1 & squeeze all  toge!r ) 
! flat-nos$ pair ( p9c]s4 ,! p]fect jo9t
 w !n  appe> z %[n 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,:5 us+  
metal clamps ! e>s %\ld be (  su* a l5g?
 t1 :5 press$ d[n ov] ! unit$ /rips (   
metal1  ! ends w j come toge!r & n      
ov]lap4    ,hav+ made ! body "p ( !     
scre51 =m ! scrolls ( ! top1 &  b9d !m 9
 place ) wire or ! little metal clamps4 
,?is top %\ld  measure "s ?ree in*es    
high f ! top rib ( ! scre51 & !  end    
scrolls %\ld project ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( 
an in* beyond !  body ( ! scre5 at ei!r 
side4    ,= ! sides & bottom =m a frill 
( metal & fa/5 x to !  scre5 ) wire2 x  
%\ld n be m ?an ?ree-eigh?s or half an  
in* 9 wid?1 & c be b5t ) ! r\nd-nos$    
p9c]s & !  f+]s4 ,bett] we> gloves = ?is
 "p ( ! "w4    ,:5 ! metal-"w is f9i%$ x
 w be necess>y to coat x )  black pa9t  
to improve its appe>ance & prev5t its   
ru/+4 ,!re  are sev]al good pa9ts t may 

be us$ = ?is purpose1 b if !y  are n    
easy to obta9 an excell5t coat+ may be  
made by dissolv+ a  little %ellac 9     
alcohol & add+ dry lamp-black s x w be  
ab\t  ! consi/5cy ( cream4 ,x %\ld be   
appli$ to ! metal ) a s(t  bru%1 & if x 
%\ld become too ?ick x may be ?9n$ by   
add+  alcohol4    ,two ?9 coats w be all
 t are requir$ = ord9>y purposes1 b  if 
! metal-"w is expos$ to ! wea!r1 or any 
dampness t might  cause x to ru/1 a coat
 ( r$ lead %\ld be appli$ next ! iron4  
,r$  lead c be mix$ ) boil$ l9se$-oil to
 make a good metal pa9t4    ,a back+ (  
"s pretty1 light-color$ silk is requir$ 
to complete  ! scre51 us+ "o1 two1 or   
?ree ?icknesses to prop]ly %ield !      
light4 ,! back+ %\ld be atta*$ to !     
grille1 or framework1 )  black silk1 & x
 may be cut to fit ei!r ! r\nd or squ>e 
portion  ( ! framework4 ,! /it*es %\ld  
be close toge!r1 to prev5t !  goods     
draw+ away f ! metal ribs4              
,patt]n-mak+    ,:5 con/ruct+ any piece 
( grille-"w x is always be/ to h a      

full-siz$ draw+ to "w ov]4 ,= example1 x
 is a simple matt] to  lay out ! plan = 
,fig4 #a ,a1 & y may proce$ z foll[s3   
,p9 to a  lap-bo>d a smoo? piece ( heavy
 br[n pap]1 & ) a s(t p5cil  draw a     
six-in* squ>e4 ,inside ?is describe1 ) a
 compass1 a six-in*  circle2 !n draw !  
f\r corn] circles1 & divide ! l>g]      
,circle  into qu>t]s4 ,9 ea* ( ^! qu>t]s
 draw1 9 free-h&1 ! scroll  %[n 9 ,fig4 
#a ,a4 ,! top is to be drawn 9 free-h&1 
b if x is  difficult to get bo? sides   
alike y may fir/ draw "o side2 !n  d\ble
 ! pap]1 & transf] ! design by rubb+ !  
back ( !  pap]4 ,x w !n be f\nd an easy 
matt] to b5d & fit ! scrolls1  s9ce ea* 
memb] may be accurately %ap$ to con=m to
 ! l9es1 &  aft]w>ds b&$ toge!r4      ,a
 ,/&>d ,scre5    ,= a /&>d scre5 9 !    
%ape ( a bann] ! design %[n 9 ,fig4 #a  
,a may be us$1 leav+ (f ! top ornam5t1 &
 susp5d+ x f !  upp] end ( a support$   
/ick ) cord or wires1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 
,! /ick %\ld be ab\t eighte5 in*es high1
 & ! scroll feet  %\ld /& sev5 in*es & a

 half up f ! bottom4 ,at ! wide/  "p !y 
%\ld measure six in*es across1 & !re    
%\ld be f\r (  ^! feet to con/itute a   
/able base4 ,at ! top ( ! /ick 7:i*     
%\ld be ab\t "o-qu>t] ( an in* squ>e7 a 
scroll & a hook w  s]ve to support !    
scre54 ,9 a libr>y or sitt+-room1 :]e "o
  l>ge lamp is us$ to read by1 "o or two
 bann]-scre5s w keep !  /rong light f ! 
eyes & ! heat f ! head )\t cutt+ (f  !  
ne$$ illum9ation f ! book or "w 9 h&4   
,a ,c&le/ick    ,! illu/ration %[n 9    
,fig4 #i gives a pleas+ patt]n = a      
small-bas$ c&le/ick4    ,illu/ration3 ,a
 ,,/&>d ,,scre5 ,,& ,a ,,c&le/ick       
,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,fig4 #aj4    ,to
 beg9 )1 secure an old t9 or brass      
c&le/ick & rip (f !  bottom1 leav+ only 
! %ea? & coll> at ! top4 ,h a t9smi?    
cut ! l[] end away1 leav+ ab\t two in*es
 ( ! top1 & sold] a  bottom 9 x4 ,cut a 
p9e /ick ab\t f\r in*es long & n m ?an  
?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* squ>e1 or ! same 
?ickness z ! wid?  ( ! metal /rips f :i*
 ! scrolls are to be =m$4 ,pun* a  small

 hole 9 ! bottom ( ! socket1 & drive a  
slim /eel-wire nail  d[n ?r\gh x & into 
! middle ( "o end ( ! /ick1 s t !       
atta*$ pieces w appe> z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj4
 ,! socket w hold a  c&le1 & ! /ick w   
act z a c5tre /aff aga9/ :i* ! f\r      
scroll sides are to be fa/5$4    ,a pap]
 patt]n %\ld be us$ ov] :i* to b5d !    
scrolls1 & across  ! bottom !y %\ld     
measure f\r & a half in*es1 & five or   
six  in*es high4 ,to ! upp] "p ( "o     
side-scroll a h&le %\ld be  %ap$ &      
fa/5$1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #i4      ,a        
,c&elabra    ,! design = a f\r-arm$     
c&elabra to hold five c&les is %[n 9    
,fig4 #aa4    ,cut two /icks a qu>t] (  
an in* squ>e & t5 in*es long1 ano!r  "o 
?irte5 in*es long1 & a %ort piece two   
in*es long4 ,at !  middle ( ! t5-in*    
l5g?s cut laps1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab1 &    
bore  a hole ?r\gh ! c5tre & into an end
 ( ! long /ick4 ,drive a  slim nail d[n 
into ! hole at ! end ( ! /ick1 z %[n 9  
,fig4  #ac1 & ov] x place ! cross-arms1 
z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad4 ,9 "o end  ( ! %ort  

/ick bore a hole1 snug x ov] ! top ( !  
nail1 &  drive x d[n s t x w fit        
securely on top ( ! cross-/icks4  ,!    
complet$ union w h ! appe>ance ( ,fig4  
#ae1 & to ?is wood  frame ! scroll &    
ornam5tal "w is to be atta*$4           
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,c&elabra    ,,fig4   
#aa4 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,fig4 #ad4
 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,fig4 #af4    ,lay out !  
plan ( "o side on pap]1 mak+ ! di/ance f
 ! /ick  to out] edge ( ! foot ab\t f\r 
& a half in*es4 ,at ! n>r[e/  place1 ne>
 ! top1 ! side %\ld measure "o &        
?ree-qu>t] in*es  9 wid?4 ,! scrolls    
%\ld be securely b\nd to ! wood frame ) 
wire1 & = c&le sockets five six-po9t$   
/>s %\ld be cut f  ! patt]n giv5 9 ,fig4
 #af4 ,!y %\ld be two & a half in*es 9  
diamet]1 & b5t to receive a /&>d-siz$   
c&le4 ,a small screw  pass$ ?r\gh a hole
 9 ! c5tre w fa/5 !m to ! wood arms1  & 
:5 plac+ !m ! wood %\ld ext5d entirely  
"u ea* socket1  z may be se5 9 ,fig4    
#aa4    ,canopy %ades & hold]s %\ld be  
made or pur*as$1 & :5 complete  ) c&les 

& %ades ?is c&elabra %\ld pres5t a v    
pleas+  appe>ance4      ,a ,fairy ,lamp 
,x w be f\nd q a simple matt] to make a 
fairy lamp simil> to  ! "o %[n 9 ,fig4  
#ag4    ,! bracket %\ld be twelve in*es 
high & five in*es wide f  ! back /ick to
 ! end ( ! project+ arm1 on ! end ( :i* 
! susp5d+ hook is locat$4 ,! arm %\ld be
 plac$ ab\t ?ree  in*es f ! top1 & bo? !
 arm & ! upright are to be ( wood       
"o-qu>t] ( an in* squ>e4 ,x w\ld be well
 to make a patt]n ( !  scroll-"w ov] :i*
 to b5d ! metal 9 true %ape4    ,!      
scrolls %\ld be securely b\nd to ! wood 
ribs ) wire in/ead  ( metal clamps1 s9ce
 ! weight ( ! c&le-sconce w\ld h a      
t5d5cy to op5 ! clamps & weak5 !        
support4    ,= ! lamp "p1 x w be        
necess>y to h ! socket ( a  c&le/ick    
arrang$ z describ$ = ! c&le/ick 9 ,fig4 
#i4 ,!  /ick at ! bottom %\ld be "o & a 
half in*es 9 l5g?4 ,aga9/  ?is !        
scroll-"w is atta*$4 ,ea* side %\ld     
measure two &  a half in*es long & ?ree 
in*es high f ! place :]e !              

susp5sion-wire is atta*$ to ! bottom1   
:]e ! p5dants are  fa/5$4 ,! f\r scrolls
 mu/ be securely b\nd to ! socket & /ick
  ) wire1 & f a screw-eye driv5 9 ! l[] 
end ( ! c5tre  /ick ?ree drops1 or      
p5dants1 may be hung4 ,^! p5dants are 9 
!  %ape ( bell-fl[]s1 & may be ( any    
size1 cut f ! diagram %[n  9 ,fig4 #ah4 
,!y %\ld be /rung on a wire hav+ a knot 
made 9 x  :]ev] x is desir$ to place a  
fl[]4    ,f ! scroll ends ( ea*         
side-grille a wire is fa/5$ & c>ri$  up 
to a r+ t hangs on ! arm-hook4 ,^! wires
 =m a light &  graceful mode (          
susp5sion1 & ne> ! upp] end a canopy    
%ade c  be made fa/4 ,p9k r$1 orange1   
light-gre51 or electric-blue c&les  &   
%ades always look well ) ! black iron-"w
 ( ! bracket &  sconce4      ,a         
,burn$-mat* ,hold]    ,fig4 #ai gives a 
design = a small receptacle to be us$ = 
burn$  mat*es or o!r small wa/e scraps4 
,notice t ! draw+ %[s b "o side ( a ?ree
 or f\r sid$  affair4 ,! outside frame  
%\ld measure ab\t ?ree in*es across at !

  top1 two in*es at ! bottom1 & two & a 
half in*es high4    ,small hooks %\ld be
 fa/5$ to ea* upp] corn]4 ,f !m small   
*a9s ext5d up to a s+le r+ t may be (   
wire2 or a small iron  h>ness-r+ may be 
employ$ = ! purpose4    ,! ?ree or f\r  
sides =m+ ! receptacle are to be        
securely b\nd  toge!r ) wire1 & = a     
bottom a ?9 piece ( wood or a %eet (    
light metal c be sew$ 9 ) wire4 ,:e!r ! 
bottom is ( metal or  wood1 x w be      
necess>y to make small holes ar\nd !    
edge ?r\gh  :i* ! f9e wire c be pass$4  
,! wire %\ld be caught ar\nd !  bottom  
ribs ( ! sides1 & manipulat$ 9 mu* !    
same mann] t  clo? is atta*$ ) ne$le &  
?read4    ,ea* side %\ld be back$ ) silk
 or o!r pretty mat]ial1 & to  prev5t    
burn+ or black5+ f mat* ends ! entire   
receptacle may  be rel9$ ) c>d-bo>d1    
t9-foil1 or asbe/os pap]4    ,! l9ks =m+
 ! *a9 are made ( v n>r[ /rips ( !      
metal4  ,fig4 #ai ,a %[s ! con/ruction (
 ! c5tre1 & ,b t ( "o  side4 ,two ( !   
latt] are to be made = ea* l9k & b&$ to 

!  c5tre1 s t a f9i%$ l9k w appe> l ,c 9
 ,fig4 #ai4 ,! l9ks  %\ld be connect$ ) 
little wire r+s1 or small brass r+s may 
be pur*as$ at a h>dw>e /ore4 ,! latt]1  
:5 pa9t$ black1 w  appe> z if made (    
iron4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4      
,,fig4 #ah4 ,,fig4 #ai4    ,?is same    
design c be c>ri$ out on a l>g] scale1 &
 adapt$ z a  hang+ j>d9ire 9 :i* a pott$
 v9e may be plac$4 ,if employ$ =  t     
purpose1 an outlet = ! wat] mu/ be      
provid$ 9 ! bottom4  ,in/ead ( us+ a    
clay fl[]-pot1 x w\ld be well to h a    
t9smi?  make a z9c inn] box1 ) a small  
pipe ?r\gh ! bottom to convey  ! wa/e   
wat] into a small cup t may be susp5d$  
und]nea?4 ,z  ! proportions ( ! box are 
enl>g$1 ! l9ks ( ! *a9 mu/  be made l>g]
 & /rong]1 s t ! *a9 w be heavy en\gh to
  support ! weight2 & in/ead ( us+ wire 
or brass r+s1 x w\ld  be advisable to   
employ small iron h>ness-r+s4      ,a   
,photograph-frame    ,among ! _m pretty 
little objects t c be made f ?9 metal   
/rips1 frames = small pictures are      

always s]viceable & attractive  7,fig4  
#bj74 ,black is n always a desirable    
color = a frame1 & !re  are sev]al good 
enamel pa9ts on sale4 ,!y may be procur$
 9 almo/  any light %ade1 su* z p9k1    
blue1 gre51 br[n1 & ! pale yell[s  or   
cream colors4 ,sev]al successive ?9     
coats ( ^! enamel pa9ts  w give ! iron  
scrolls a pretty f9i%4    ,x is h>dly   
necess>y to lay d[n a size = ?is frame1 
z x c  readily be adapt$ to any         
photograph or small picture4 ,!         
proportions1  h[ev]1 %\ld be foll[$ z   
closely z possible1 s t ! design  w "w  
out ab\t z %[n 9 ! draw+4    ,?is frame 
may be hung aga9/ ! wall1 or arrang$ z  
an easel = a  table1 mantel-%elf1 or    
wall-bracket4 ,if ! latt] s*eme is      
pref]r$1  a support may be made f n>r[  
metal /rips & atta*$ to ! back  ( !     
frame ) wire4 ,?is support %\ld be ( !  
design %[n 9  ,fig4 #bj ,a2 x is atta*$ 
by ! top cross-b> to ! back ( ! frame4  
,?is cross-b> is ( r\nd iron1 & !       
project+ ends are to be caught  ) wire  

loops1 :i* w all[ ! back leg to act z if
 arrang$ on  a h+e4 ,to prev5t x f go+  
too f> back1 a wire or /r+ at !  bottom 
w hold x ! prop] di/ance f ! frame4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,fig4 #bj ,a4
 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,,fig4 #bc4    
,! frame prop] is made f a /rip ( metal 
half an in* wide1 &  b5t 9 angul> =m1   
%[+ less ?an qu>t] ( an in* on ea* side 
( an ,l4 ,9 ! /rip cut angle-not*es ) a 
pair ( %e>s1 z %[n  9 ,fig4 #ba1 ?us =m+
 ! corn]s4 ,! not*es %\ld be made       
half-way  across ! wid? ( ! metal1 s t !
 po9t ( ea* angle w j  rea* ! middle ( a
 /rip4 ,) a flat-nos$ pair ( pli]s b5d !
  /rip 9 ! =m ( ! oblong1 s t ea* corn] 
w appe> l  ,fig4 #bb4 ,jo9 ! frame at ! 
bottom1 all[+ ! metal to lap ov] an  in*
 at ! ends1 & make ! union by pun*+     
little holes & pass+  ?r\gh small copp] 
tacks t c be cl9*$ or rivet$4    ,) a   
small b5*-vise & a hamm]1 or ) two pairs
 ( pli]s1  grasp ! /rip =m+ ! frame &   
b5d x 9 ! %ape ( an ,l  all ar\nd1 z %[n
 9 ,fig4 #bc1 tak+ c>e to mat* ! edges (

 ea*  not* s t !y w =m a mitre1 z %[n   
also 9 ,fig4 #bc4 ,:]e !  scrolls are   
atta*$ to ! side ( ?is frame1 !y may be 
held 9 place  by small copp] tacks pass$
 ?r\gh holes made 9 bo? scrolls & frame 
& rivet$4      ,a ,h&k]*ief-box    ,"o (
 ! mo/ int]e/+ bran*es ( ! light /rap   
metal-"w is 9  mak+ boxes ( all %apes & 
sizes4 ,! v>iety ( designs t c be       
employ$ is practically inexhau/ible1 b  
c]ta9 g5]al pr9ciples  %\ld be obs]v$4  
,= in/ance1 a box to hold mat*es %\ld be
 (  small & neat design1 :ile 9 a l>g]  
box ! ornam5t may be m  op5 & bold]1 & !
 /rips f :i* x is made %\ld be heavi]  &
 /rong]4    ,a h&k]*ief-box fa%ion$ aft]
 ! design %[n 9 ,fig4 #bd is a  pretty z
 well z a useful article = a bureau or  
dress+-table4 ,a is  ! patt]n = ! top1 &
 ,b repres5ts "o ( ! sides4    ,x %\ld  
measure eight or t5 in*es squ>e & ?ree  
in*es deep1 or  l>g] if desir$1 & !     
frame %\ld be ( wire or wood4 ,if wood  
is  employ$1 /icks ?ree-sixte5?s ( an   
in* squ>e mu/ be lap-jo9t$  at ! angles1

 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #be1 & ! union made )    
glue &  screws or f9e /eel-wire nails4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd ,a4 ,,fig4 #bd 
,b4 ,,fig4 #be4 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,,fig4 #bg4 
,if ! box %\ld be made ( brass scrolls1 
x w\ld be well to obta9  "s brass rods  
ab\t "o-eigh? or ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* 
squ>e1  & b5d !m to =m ! framework4 ,:]e
 ! ends meet1 lap-jo9ts  %\ld be cut &  
wir$4    ,if ! brass %\ld be too h>d to 
b5d 9 a vise )\t break+1 !  "p x is     
desir$ to "w %\ld be heat$ ov] a _s-lamp
 or 9 a  gas flame = a mom5t or two2 :5 
cool1 x w be s(t & pliable4  ,if brass  
%\ld be employ$ = ! frame1 ! jo9ts mu/  
be sold]$  in/ead ( wir$4 ,to sold] !m x
 w be necess>y to h "s  sold]+ solution1
 a _s-lamp1 & "s wire sold]4    ,to     
unite ! metal ends apply "s ( ! sold]+  
solution to ! p>ts  ) a piece ( wood or 
an old camel's-hair bru%1 & !n hold !m  
ov]1 or 9 ! lamp flame1 until !y are q  
hot4 ,:5 suffici5tly  heat$ t\* !m ) !  
end ( a piece ( sold]1 & ! heat (  !    
metal w in/antly melt ! sold]1 s t x w  

adh]e to !  brass4 ,to hold ! p>ts      
toge!r :ile !y are be+ sold]$1 give  !m 
a turn or two ( f9e iron wire4 ,aft] !y 
h be5 unit$ & !  brass is cold1 ! wire  
may be remov$ & ! r\gh p>ts ( ! sold]   
fil$ away4    ,small brass h+es may be  
screw$ fa/ to ! wood ribs to atta* ! lid
  to ! box1 & if brass is employ$ = !   
frame & grille "w !  h+es mu/ be sold]$ 
to ! frame4      ,a ,sign-bo>d    ,= a  
sign-bo>d an idea is sugge/$ 9 ,fig4    
#bf4 ,at "o's place (  bus9ess1 9 front 
( a cottage1 or on a mile-po/1 x may be 
display$  to good advantage4    ,x is   
only a bo>d on :i* %eet-iron or lead    
lett]s h be5  fa/5$1 & ! edges b\nd )   
metal & l>ge-head$ nails4 ,a rod  set at
 "r angles to a po/ supports !          
sign-bo>d1 & to ornam5t  x "s scroll-"w 
is atta*$ at ! top4 ,scroll ornam5ts    
decorate  ! sides & bottom ( ! bo>d4 ,^!
 are fa/5$ on ) /eel-wire  nails driv5  
?r\gh holes made 9 ! metal & into !     
edges ( !  bo>d4 ,! ornam5tal scroll-"w 
%\ld be made ( some:at ?ick] &  wid]    

iron /rips ?an ! m delicate articles =  
indoor use1 &  all ! iron %\ld be giv5  
"o or two coats ( r$-lead pa9t be=e  !  
black f9i% is appli$4 ,to prev5t        
ru/-m>ks f runn+ d[n on  ! wood bo>d1 x 
is necess>y to coat ! back "p ( ! lett]s
 &  all iron /raps :i* may lie aga9/ !  
wood4 ,x is mu* bett] to use  %eet-lead 
= ! lett]s1 s9ce x cuts easi]1 & w n /a9
 !  wood ) ru/ or corrosion m>ks4       
,d\ble ,doorway ,grille    ,= a d\ble   
doorway a pretty effect is %[n 9 ,fig4  
#bg1 :]e a long  grille is arrang$ at ! 
top ( a doorway1 & "u x ! curta9-pole   
is atta*$4    ,! out] frame = a grille (
 ?is size %\ld be made by a blacksmi?  f
 an iron rod ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in*  
squ>e4 ,! inn] frame  may be made (     
/rip-iron ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* wide1 &  
?ree in*es  small] all ar\nd ?an ! l>g] 
"o4 ,! metal /rips employ$ to =m  !     
grille design %\ld be ?ree-eigh?s ( an  
in* wide1 & cut f  box /rap-iron4    ,! 
full-size draw+ %\ld be laid out on     
pap]1 ov] :i* x w be  an easy matt] to  

%ape ! scrolls4 ,if ! grille %\ld be too
 op5  :5 ! patt]n is complet$1 "s m     
scrolls may be add$ to fill !  spaces1  
tak+ c>e n to injure ! g5]al design ( ! 
patt]n4    ,! grille may be an*or$ to ! 
wood-"w ( ! cas+ )  /eel-wire nails or  
/aples1 & sev]al coats ( black %\ld be  
giv5  ! iron to f9i% x nicely4      ,a  
,moori% ,lant]n    ,hav+ ga9$ by        
exp]i5ce ! k & art ( work+ 9            
/rip-metal1 & aft] successfully mak+ a  
numb] ( ! small]  objects already       
describ$1 x is p]haps "t to und]take !  
con/ruction ( some?+ l>g] & m elaborate4
    ,z an example ( su* "w1 a v         
beautiful design = a ,moori% lant]n  is 
%[n 9 ,fig4 #bh4 ,x is n a difficult    
piece ( "w1 nor is x  beyond ! ability (
 any sm>t boy1 b x mu/ n be attempt$    
be=e  a ?or\gh k ( =m+ frames & scrolls 
& ( patt]n draw+  has be5 ga9$ ?r\gh    
exp]i5ce 9 mak+ m simple objects4    ,9 
size ?is lant]n is n limit$1 & x may be 
made f twelve to  ?irty-six in*es high1 
n includ+ ! susp5sion *a9 & r+s &  !    

drop ( fl[]-p5dants at ! bottom4    ,= a
 lamp tw5ty in*es high hav+ six sides1  
ea* panel %\ld be made  on a wire frame4
 ,! middle panels measure six in*es     
high1 f\r in*es  wide at ! top1 & ?ree  
in*es at ! bottom4 ,! top panels are    
five  in*es across at ! wide/ place1 & !
 l[] ones f\r & a half  in*es4 ,"o ( !  
middle panels c be arrang$ to sw+ on    
h+es1 9  ord] to place a lamp )9 !      
lant]n1 & also to make x possible  to   
l9e ! inside ( ! lant]n body ) "s pla9  
silk or o!r  mat]ial4    ,illu/ration3  
,,fig4 #bh4    ,at ! top & bottom       
scrolls are to be =m$ ( ! /\t wire      
employ$  = ! ribs or framework4 ,"u !   
cr[n top1 at ! six corn]s1  brackets may
 ext5d out = a di/ance ( five in*es1 f  
:i*  sconces = tap]s or small c&les may 
be hung4 ,or ^! brackets may  be omitt$1
 & 9 place ( ! hooks a small scroll may 
be =m$ at  ! ext5d+ ends4 ,ea* little   
sconce is two in*es deep & two & a  half
 in*es 9 diamet]1 & 9 !m c&le-hold]s may
 be plac$1 ov]  :i* color$ glass globes 

w appe> to good advantage4 ,f ! top  ( !
 l[] lobe six arms support fl[]-drops   
f\r or five in*es long1  & f ! extreme  
bottom a p5dant ( fl[]s f9i%es (f !     
:ole4  ,no matt] :at size ?is lant]n is 
made1 ! proportions %\ld be  c>efully   
pres]v$1 or ! effect w be spoil$4    ,a 
long *a9 made up ( l9ks & r+s may be us$
 to susp5d !  lant]n4 ,%\ld a m secure  
an*orage be desir$1 f\r *a9s may be     
atta*$ at f\r places on ! ceil+ ( a     
room1 f :i* an*orage  !y all meet at !  
top ( ! lant]n4    ,! illu/ration %[s ! 
lant]n 9 p]spective1 b x mu/ be borne  9
 m9d t x has six sides1 & ! patt]ns ( ! 
six sides1 (  ! top1 middle section1 &  
bottom are l ^? 9 ! ?ree front  sections
 t face ! read] z he looks at ! draw+4  
,*apt] ,,vi    ,,metal-,,b\nd ,,"w      
,?9 %eets ( v>i\s metals may be us$ to  
great advantage 9 !  decoration (       
h\sehold furniture1 ei!r s]v+ z arti/ic 
edg+s1 or  repres5t+ /r5g!n+ /raps1     
h+es1 etc4 ,:5 f9i%$ (f )  heavy        
wr\ght-iron or bell[s nails1 ! effect is

 bo? /rik+ &  pleas+4 ,! art is n a     
difficult "o to acquire1 & ! h9ts &     
sugge/ions t foll[ %\ld enable any sm>t 
boy to pick x up 9 a  comp>atively %ort 
"t4      ,a ,metal-b\nd ,box    ,z a    
receptacle = photographs1 picture-c>ds1 
& ! o!r small  trifles t accumulate 9 a 
libr>y or liv+-room1 a box su* z %[n  9 
,fig4 #a w be f\nd mo/ useful4    ,obta9
 "s smoo? pieces ( wood1 n m ?an        
?ree-eigh?s or half  an in* ?ick1 &     
con/ruct a box eighte5 in*es long1 t5   
wide1 &  eight in*es deep1 includ+ top1 
bottom1 & sides4 ,^! p>ts are to  be    
glu$ & nail$ toge!r s z to =m an enclos$
 box4 ,use a good  liquid glue & slim   
/eel-wire nails to make ! jo9ts4 ,:5 !  
glue  is dry1 cut ! box ?r\gh all ar\nd 
! sides1 "o & a half in*es  d[n f ! top4
 ,! lid1 or cov]1 is !reby cut loose1 & 
x w  mat* ! body ( ! box mu* m          
accurately ?an if made sep>ately  &     
fitt$4    ,plane & s&-pap] ! r\gh edges 
left by ! saw1 & atta* ! lid  to ! back 
edge ( ! box ) h+es4 ,! outside ( ! box 

may be  /a9$ or pa9t$ any desirable     
color1 & :5 dry x w be ready to  receive
 ! metal decorations4    ,illu/ration3  
,,fig4 #a4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,fig4 #c4    ,f a
 t9smi? obta9 a few %eets ( ?9 /ove-pipe
 iron ( good  quality1 or a /rip ( ?9   
%eet-lead2 !n1 ) a /\t pair (  %e>s1 cut
 "s /rips ab\t "o & a qu>t] in*es wide  
to b9d !  edges ( ! box4 ,a /rip is b5t 
ov] s z to lap on bo? sides ( a  corn]4 
,a metal b& five-eigh?s ( an in* wide w 
%[ on ea* side  & also on top4 ,! metal 
is to be fa/5$ on ) brass oval-head$    
uphol/]]s' tacks1 & ! heads may be f a  
qu>t] to half an in*  9 diamet]4    ,x w
 n be possible1 p]haps1 to drive ^!     
tacks ?r\gh ! metal  /rips unless a hole
 is fir/ pun*$4 ,^! small holes may be  
made  ) a %>p-po9t$ awl at regul>       
di/ances ap>t4 ,?is %\ld be done  be=e !
 /rip is laid on ! wood1 s z n to       
subject ! box  jo9ts to any m /ra9 ?an  
necess>y4    ,to b9d an edge1 tack a    
/rip ( ! metal along "o side1 b5d x     
ar\nd  ! fir/ corn]1 & s on along ea*   

side until ! two sides are  br\ght      
toge!r1 :]e a nail-head w almo/ hide !  
jo9t4 ,at ea*  corn] cut a ,v out ( !   
/rip1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,! metal1 :5    
fa/5$ to "o edge1 w appe> z %[n at ! "r 
side ( ,fig4 #c4    ,:5 ! nails h be5   
securely fa/5$ 91 b5d d[n ! /&+  edge ( 
metal s t x w lie flat on ! o!r side ( !
 corn]4  ,?is may be done by beat+ x d[n
 ) a light wood5 mallet4 ,drive  nails  
along ! /rip correspond+ 9 position to  
^? fir/ fix$1 &  ! edge w appe> z %[n at
 ! left side ( ,fig4 #c4    ,:]e !      
angle1 or ,v1 0 cut out ( ! /rip at !   
corn]s1 !  metal w come toge!r & =m a   
good mitre4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is  jo9t     
drive a nail1 ! head ( :i* w p>tially   
hide ! l9e (  juncture4    ,f ! %eet    
iron or lead cut a few irregul> /rips ( 
suitable  l5g?1 & fa/5 !m to ! box to   
repres5t h+e or b9d+ /raps4  ,! hasp &  
eye-plate may be made 9 ! same mann]4   
,! box %\ld be l9$ ) ,canton flannel1   
vel\r1 lea!r1 or any good  l9+ mat]ial4 
,a b& ( webb+1 or a *a91 arrang$ on !   

inside  w prev5t ! cov] f fall+ back too
 f>4      ,a ,wood-hold]    ,9 a room   
:]e space _c be sp>$ = a l>ge wood-box1 
a  wood-hold] simil> to ! "o %[n 9 ,fig4
 #d is a useful piece (  furniture4     
,?is hold] is twelve to fifte5 in*es    
squ>e1 fifte5 in*es high at  ! front1 & 
tw5ty in*es high at ! back1 ) ! sides   
cut d[n1  z %[n 9 ! draw+4    ,! wood is
 ?ree-qu>t]s or sev5-eigh?s ( an in*    
?ick1 & plan$  on bo? sides & edges4    
,any ( ! h>d woods may be employ$ to    
good  advantage 9 mak+ ! box "p1 b if x 
is to be pa9t$ r ?an  left 9 ! natural  
f9i%1 ! wood-"w may be ( p9e or         
:ite-wood to  save exp5se4    ,! metal  
b9d+ is done 9 a simil> fa%ion to t ( ! 
box 9 ,fig4  #a1 & if iron is us$ = !   
/raps !y %\ld be coat$ ) black  pa9t4 ,!
 /rips %\ld be two in*es 9 wid?1 & :5   
b5t ar\nd !  edges & corn]s "o in* (    
metal mu/ %[ on ea* side4      ,a       
,plant-box    ,= l>ge1 gr[+ plants1     
palms1 & imitation trees1 an attractive 
plant-box is %[n 9 ,fig4 #e4    ,x c be 

made almo/ any size to meet !           
requirem5ts ( ! plant t  is to live 9 x2
 b = g5]al use x %\ld measure twelve    
in*es  squ>e at ! bottom1 eighte5 at !  
top1 & f twelve to f\rte5  in*es high4  
,! metal b9d+ %\ld be ?ree-qu>t]s or an 
in* wide on ea* side2  x ne$ n be c>ri$ 
ov] ! top edge unless desir$4    ,on two
 sides ( ! box r+-h&les are to be fa/5$4
 ,^! w be  made by a blacksmi? at a     
small co/1 & %\ld be f two & a half     
in*es to f\r in*es 9 diamet]1 accord+ to
 ! size ( ! box4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #d4 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #g4   
,on ! o!r sides a conv5tional design may
 be work$ out ) /rips (  metal cut      
accord+ to ! requir$ patt]n4    ,?is box
 %\ld be treat$ to sev]al good coats (  
pa9t inside1 &  f9i%$ z desir$ on !     
outside4 ,qu>t]$ oak ) black metal      
trimm+s make a good comb9ation2 also    
mahogany1 *]ry1 or r$wood )  brass      
b9d+s4    ,a z9c l9+ %\ld be fitt$ to ! 
box1 ) a v5t-hole at !  bottom to dra9  
(f surplus moi/ure4 ,no o!r metal ?an   

z9c %\ld be  employ$ = ! l9+1 s9ce iron 
or t9 w corrode or ru/4 ,copp]  tacks   
mu/ be us$ to atta* x to ! wood4      ,a
 ,coal-box    ,fig4 #f gives ! design = 
an old ,engli% coal-box4    ,x is a v   
simple affair to con/ruct1 s9ce x c be  
made f an  ord9>y box cut d[n at "o end 
s z to =m a projection or nose4    ,!   
/ructural plan ( ! box is cle>ly %[n 9  
,fig4 #g1 & 9 size  x may be made to    
meet any requirem5t4 ,= regul> use1     
h[ev]1 x is  fifte5 in*es wide1 tw5ty   
in*es long f back to end ( ! nose1 &    
ab\t twelve in*es high1 n c\nt+ ! ball  
feet1 :i* w raise x  up two in*es m4    
,! box %\ld be securely screw$ toge!r at
 ! jo9ts1 & ! lid1  or cov]1 mu/ be     
fa/5$ on ) %eet-brass h+es4 ,pa9t or    
v>ni%  w give ! wood-"w a good f9i%1 & !
 l9+ %\ld be made )  sev]al successive  
coats ( asphaltum v>ni% or pa9t ( a d>k 
color4    ,brass1 lead1 or black iron   
b9d+ w look well on ?is box1 & )        
l>ge-head$ nails ! effect w be bold &   
pleas+4    ,f\r balls ab\t two in*es 9  

diamet] are to be turn$ & screw$ fa/  "u
 ! corn]s to s]ve z feet4 ,to give a    
good pur*ase on ! bottom  ( ! box1 x    
w\ld be well to flatt5 "p ( ! surface on
 ea* ball4  ,"o long screw w be         
suffici5t to an*or ea* foot firmly if   
driv5  ?r\gh f ! inside ( ! box into !  
ball4 ,a little glue betwe5  ! jo9t w   
add greatly 9 mak+ ! union /rong4       
,a ,table-lamp    ,! design = a         
table-lamp is %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4    ,any   
boy :o is h&y ) tools c put ?is lamp    
toge!r f wood1  burlap1 %eet-lead1 wire1
 "s oval-head$ uphol/]]s' tacks1 f\r    
claw-feet1 & a lamp-f\nt4               
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4    ,f bo>ds    
ab\t half an in* 9 ?ickness make a box  
sev5 in*es  squ>e at ! top1 t5 at !     
bottom1 & twelve in*es high4 ,9 ! top  (
 ! box a r\nd hole is cut to receive !  
lamp-f\nt4 ,five in*es 9  diamet] w be  
ab\t "r = ! hole1 s9ce t is ! measurem5t
  ( ! /&>d oil-pot4 ,a flange1 or rim1  
all ar\nd ! upp] edge (  ! f\nt w prev5t
 x f fall+ ?r\gh ! hole4 ,if ! burn]    

has a c5tral draught x w be necess>y to 
bore "s l>ge holes  ?r\gh ! bottom ( !  
box to admit air = ! "u draught4    ,)  
burlap1 bagg+1 or canvas cov] ! entire  
outside ( ! box1 !  mat]ial be+ fa/5$ to
 ! wood ) glue & small1 flat-head$      
tacks at ! edges4 ,! glue mu/ be spread 
ev5ly ov] ! wood by means  ( a rag pad1 
or1 /ill bett]1 a small photographic    
squeegee roll]  may be employ$4 ,! cov]+
 mat]ial c be pa9t$ any good %ade1  & :5
 ! pa9t is dry ! box w be ready = !     
decorations &  trimm+s4    ,f %eet-lead1
 or iron1 cut "s /rips "o in* & a qu>t] 
wide1  & b9d ! corn]s & edges ( ! box1  
all[+ ab\t five-eigh?s (  an in* to %[  
on ea* side4 ,fa/5 ^! /rips on ! edges (
 ! box  ) l>ge1 oval-head$ uphol/]]s'   
tacks1 driv5 along ea* side at  ev5     
di/ances ap>t1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4   
,on a piece ( smoo? br[n pap] draw !    
outl9e ( "o side ( ! box1  & !n sket* 9 
! design = ! metal tor* & wrea?4 ,ov]   
?is  patt]n x w be a comp>atively easy  
matt] to cut & fit ea* (  ! sep>ate p>ts

 ( ! design4 ,^! p>ts are to be ( ?9    
iron or  lead1 b = ! /ems to ! laurel   
wrea? use pieces ( iron wire1 &  fa/5 !m
 on ) small /aples4 ,! /aples may be    
made f p9s )  ! heads cut (f4    ,!     
pieces ( metal =m+ ^! side designs are  
to be fa/5$ to !  wood ) oval-head$     
c>pet tacks1 & en\gh ( !m mu/ be driv5 9
  ea* piece to hold x firmly 9 place4   
,:5 all ! metal-"w has be5  appli$1     
pur*ase at a h>dw>e /ore f\r claw-feet1 
& screw "o fa/  "u ea* corn] ( ! box4   
,!y w be ( brass1 b :5 pa9t$  black !y w
 appe> z if made ( iron4    ,all ! metal
 p>ts ( ! lamp mu/ be black$ to pres5t a
 good  appe>ance4 ,to make a good black 
f9i%+ pa9t obta9 at a pa9t /ore  a c (  
ivory black gr\nd 9 oil4 ,?9 x to !     
consi/5cy ( ri*  milk ) ,japan dry] &   
spirits ( turp5t9e mix$ toge!r1 "o  "p (
 ! =m] to two p>ts ( ! latt]4 ,place !m 
toge!r 9 a  bottle & ?or\ghly mix !m by 
%ak+ ! bottle vigor\sly4 ,a small       
quantity only %\ld be ?9n$ at a "t & z  
requir$1 s9ce x works  bett] :5 fre%ly  

mix$1 & does n h ! gummy appe>ance t an 
old mixture pres5ts4 ,two or ?ree       
successive coats laid on ) a s(t        
camel's-hair bru% w be suffici5t to cov]
 ! iron well & give x  a good surface4  
,:5 us+ ! black take c>e n to sme> x on 
!  box1 z x w\ld produce an untidy &    
messy appe>ance4    ,) ! addition ( a   
pretty canopy %ade1 t c be arrang$ on a 
wire frame1 ! effect w be mo/ decorative
 & pleas+4      ,a ,hang+-lamp    ,= !  
d9+-room or libr>y1 a hang+-lamp1 su* z 
%[n 9 ,fig4 #i1  is bo? ornam5tal &     
useful4    ,! box t holds ! lamp is     
eight in*es squ>e at ! top1 five &  a   
half in*es at ! bottom1 & five in*es    
deep4 ,x is cov]$ )  burlap or o!r      
suitable mat]ial1 or may be left pla9 or
 pa9t$4    ,a hole is cut 9 ! top ( !   
box to receive ! f\nt1 & if x is a      
c5tral-draught burn] a l>ge op5+ mu/ be 
made 9 ! bottom ( !  box1 ) a p]=at$    
metal cap arrang$ to fit ov] x4    ,f ! 
top ( ! f\r corn]s1 iron scrolls1 t a   
blacksmi?  c make1 project f\r in*es    

beyond ! wood1 & to ^! !  susp5sion-*a9s
 are fa/5$4 ,! *a9s are made ( "o-in*   
iron  h>ness-r+s & l9ks ?ree in*es long1
 =m$ ( n>r[ /rips (  /ove-pipe or box   
/rap-iron less ?an a qu>t] ( an in* 9   
wid?1 &  %ap$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj4    ,f !
 "u side1 & fa/5$ at ea* corn] ( ! box1 
hang f\r  small *a9s4 ,!y are unit$ at !
 c5tre a few in*es bel[ ! "u  side ( !  
box1 & are f9i%$ (f ) a drop =m$ ( metal
 lilies4  ,9 ord] to =m ^! fl[]s1 cut f 
%eet-iron ! petals1 z  patt]n$ 9 ,fig4  
#aa4 ,?ree diff]5t sizes %\ld be drawn  
on a %eet (  iron ) a piece ( *alk or   
:ite crayon1 aft] :i* !y may be cut  out
 ) a pair ( %e>s & b5t into =m ) ! f+]s4
 ,!y are  to be hung toge!r "o bel[ !   
o!r by means ( small wires1 fa/5$  to ! 
c5tre ( ea* fl[] ?r\gh holes pun*$ ) a  
%>p-po9t$  awl4    ,a l>ge pap] or silk 
%ade may be arrang$ on a wire frame to  
slip ov]  ! *a9s1 & to hold x 9 place x 
%\ld be fa/5$ to "s ( !  l9ks ) wire4   
,a ,hang+-plant ,box    ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #i4 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,fig4 #aa4      

,,fig4 #ab4    ,= v9es1 small plants1 or
 pretty blade grasses a design = a      
hang+-plant box is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab4     
,?is is n a v l>ge affair1 & x is made (
 ?9 wood n m  ?an ?ree-eigh?s or half an
 in* 9 ?ickness4 ,! box "p measures     
eight in*es squ>e at ! top1 six at !    
bottom1 & t5 in*es high4    ,! inside ( 
! box is to be treat$ to sev]al coats ( 
pa9t or  asphaltum v>ni% to protect !   
wood1 & ! outside may be giv5 two  coats
 ( pa9t4 ,! corn]s are !n to be b\nd )  
metal /rips1 &  ! design on ea* ( ! f\r 
sides work$ out ) hobnails pa9t$  black4
    ,x is difficult to c>ry out su* a   
design on f\r sides ( a box unless  a   
patt]n is us$4 ,to obta9 ! mo/ accurate 
results x w\ld be be/  to draw ! design 
) p5cil on a smoo? piece ( pap]1 !n make
 f\r  trac+s ( x on tissue-pap]4 ,!     
trac+ %\ld !n be fa/5$ to  ! wood ) p9s 
& ! tacks driv5 91 foll[+ ! l9es ( !    
design4    ,:5 ! tacks h be5 driv5 9 "p 
way1 te> (f ! pap]1 & )  a flat-iron    
held aga9/ ! inside ( ! box to drive    

aga9/1 hamm]  ! nails 9 s t ! heads w   
lie snugly aga9/ ! surface ( !  wood4   
,ea* side is to be treat$ 9 ! same      
mann]1 s t ! f\r sides  w be alike4 ,if 
! hobnails _c be _h at a h>dw>e /ore1 or
 f  a %oemak]1 oval-head$ uphol/]]s'    
tacks may be us$4 ,pa9t !m  black be=e  
!y are driv5 into ! wood4    ,at ! top (
 ! box1 9 ! f\r corn]s1 eyes are to be  
made fa/1  into :i* ! ends ( ! susp5d+  
*a9s c be caught4 ,f\r *a9s1  made f ?9 
/rips ( metal & small h>ness-r+s1 are to
 be  fa/5$ 9 place1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4    
,*apt] ,,vii    ,,decorative ,,h>dw>e   
,prop]ly to complete ev5 ! simple/ (    
cab9ets or *e/s "s  h>dw>e w be ne$$1   
:e!r x be only a pair ( /rap-h+es & a   
padlock or ! mo/ elaborate k9d (        
ornam5tal fitt+s4 ,pla9 h+es  & a lock w
 answ] e ord9>y purpose1 b a nice *e/ or
  case %\ld be f9i%$ (f ) ornam5tal     
h+e-/raps1 escut*eons1  lock-plates1 or 
h&les4    ,^! fixtures may be pur*as$ at
 a h>dw>e /ore & 9 "s l>ge  cities a v  
beautiful assortm5t ( fancy h>dw>e is   

display$4 ,b  x w be bo? *eap] & m      
satisfactory = ! "y craftsman  to make  
^! fitt+s = himself1 & ! art is n a     
difficult "o  to acquire4 ,"s ( !       
accompany+ designs may appe> at fir/    
sight  r beyond ! ability ( ! av]age    
boy1 & s !y w\ld be if  !y 7 ca/ 9 brass
 or bronze or cut f ?ick %eet-metal4 ,b 
all  ( !m c be %ap$ f ord9>y %eet-lead )
 a pair ( old %e>s1  a few small *isels1
 & a light mallet4    ,scraps (         
%eet-lead1 v>y+ 9 ?ickness f "o to      
?ree-sixte5?s  ( an in*1 may be pur*as$ 
f a plumb] = five or six c5ts a  p\nd4  
,= ! ord9>y fixtures ( m$ium size !     
metal %\ld be a  trifle less ?an        
"o-eigh? ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,= !      
heavi]  h>dw>e an old piece ( lead pipe 
may be us$ by splitt+ or saw+ x  op51 & 
beat+ x out flat1 on ! surface ( an old 
flat-iron1 )  a h>d wood5 mallet4 ,if   
%eet brass1 copp]1 or z9c are employ$1  
!y  %\ld be ( ! s(t k9d1 s z to cut     
easily4 ,if too h>d1 ! pieces  may be   
s(t5$ or anneal$ by putt+ !m 9 a fire   

until !y are  *]ry-r$4 ,!y %\ld !n be   
drawn out & all[$ to cool1 :5 !y  w be  
f\nd q s(t & easy to "w4    ,! boy :o   
owns a scroll-saw w f9d x an easy matt] 
to jig out  ^! designs1 :e!r ! mat]ial  
be lead or "o ( ! h>d] metals4  ,special
 fret-saws may be pur*as$ = ?is purpose1
 hav+ f9] tee?  & be+ m highly temp]$   
?an ^? us$ = wood-work+4 ,9  saw+ metal 
y mu/ be c>eful n to =ce ! saw1 & aft]  
cutt+  an in* or two all[ ! blade to    
cool1 o!rwise x w break4    ,if a h&    
jig-saw is ! only tool available ! metal
 %\ld be held  9 a vise4 ,) v ?9 lead ! 
dress+ is be/ done by lay+ !  metal on a
 h>d-wood block & cutt+ out ) small     
*isels & a light  mallet4    ,?ree or   
f\r small wood-c>v+ *isels1             
/raight-edges1 & g\ges  w be f\nd       
admirable tools = ?is "w1 &1 z ! lead   
does n  dull !m1 !y w keep an edge = a  
long "t4 ,a wood-c>v+ *isel  is gr\nd on
 bo? sides1 :i* makes x bett] = ?is "w  
?an a  c>p5t]'s *isel1 :i* is gr\nd only
 on "o side4 ,a light mallet1 a         

h>d-wood block1 a co>se file or two1 & a
 knife ) a small1 %>p  blade w be ! only
 o!r tools requir$4      ,escut*eons    
,! t]m escut*eon1 z appli$ to h>dw>e1   
means ! ornam5tal metal  plate t is     
plac$ ov] a key-hole1 & ?r\gh :i* ! key 
has to  pass 9 ord] to rea* ! lock4 ,!  
"n is appli$ also to ! plate  beh9d a   
knock]1 or t to :i* a r+ or h&le is     
atta*$4    ,9 ,fig4 #a a few designs =  
small escut*eons are %[n4 ,_! actual    
size %\ld be 9 proportion to t ( ! draw]
 or door to :i* !y  are to be atta*$4   
,! design %\ld be drawn to ! prop] size 
on a piece ( br[n pap]1  !n cut out )   
scissors & laid on a piece ( metal1 !   
outl9e  be+ scrat*$ ) a p9 or drawn on )
 p5 & ink4    ,if ! metal is saw$ !     
edges w be r\gh1 b !y may be dress$  d[n
 ) ! files4 ,if ! lead is cut out !     
edges c be f9i%$  ) a knife-blade1 z    
lead cuts easily & is pleasant to "w 94 
,x  sometimes happ5s t 9 cutt+ out ! m  
delicate p>ts ( !  design t ! *isels w  
di/ort ! metal or =ce x out ( %ape4  ,9 

?is case ! tru5ess may be re/or$ by     
tapp+ ! edges ) a  small hamm]4    ,a   
small h&-drill w be f\nd useful = bor+  
holes 9 ! metal1  ?r\gh :i* screws or   
nails pass to secure ! escut*eons to !  
wood4  ,if a drill _c be _h1 a small awl
 w answ] v well4    ,be c>eful t y d n  
make ! key-hole too l>ge4               
,illu/ration3 ,,escut*eons ,,&          
,,h+e-,,/raps    ,,fig4 #a4 ,,fig4 #b4  
,,fig4 #e4    ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #g4 ,x  
%\ld be only a trifle l>g] ?an ! key1 9 
ord] to lead ! latt] easily4      ,%ort 
,h+e-/raps    ,a s+le h+e is always made
 l a book1 ) two leaves & a back1  ?r\gh
 :i* a p9 is run to hold ! leaves       
toge!r4 ,9 door-h+es  ! leaves are      
usually arrang$ s t :5 ! door is clos$ !
  leaves are out ( sight4 ,^! h+es are  
call$ butts1 :ile ^?  appli$ to !       
outside surface are call$ ,t or         
/rap-h+es1 &  sometimes plate-h+es4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,fig4 #d4     
,! %ort h+e-/raps %[n 9 ,fig4 #b are n  
int5d$ z a "p (  ! h+e1 b only z %am    

/raps4 ,:]e a butt is m\nt$ 9 ! wood  ^!
 /raps are arrang$ on ei!r side ( !     
back4 ,fig4 #c %[s !  mann] 9 :i* a butt
 is m\nt$ 9 a door & jamb1 & ,fig4 #d   
%[s  ! rev]se side ) ! back protrud+1 at
 "o side ( :i* ! lead  /rap is m\nt$4 ,!
 inside1 or p>allel1 l9es ( ! /raps are 
!  edges t butt aga9/ ! h+e-back1 & !y  
are to be cut to fit !  wid? ( ! h+e4 ,!
 size %\ld also correspond g5]ally to t 
( ! %ape & dim5sions ( ! door or box    
lid4 ,= arti/ic effect  l>ge %am        
nail-heads may be fa/5$ ov] ! nail or   
screw heads t  really secure ! h+e to ! 
wood4    ,9 "s ( ! pla9 /raps a v good  
imitation ( h&-wr\ght iron  /raps may be
 made by beat+ ! surface ( ! lead ) a   
hamm]  hav+ ! face slightly cr[n$ or    
r\nd$4 ,! hamm]-m>ks w %[  up di/9ctly1 
& :5 ! /raps are pa9t$ black no "o w "k 
b  :at !y are really iron /raps beat5   
out by h&4    ,ano!r good effect may be 
secur$ by beat+ ! edges d[n slightly  ) 
a small hamm] in/ead ( dress+ !m ) a    
file2 ?is r\nds  or flatt5s !m1 &       

elim9ates ! angul> edge t is common 9   
all  *eap h>dw>e4      ,long ,h+e-/raps 
,= cab9et & *e/ doors1 & doors t op5    
into rooms1 "s long  h+e-/raps are %[n 9
 ,fig4 #e1 ! proportions be+ correctly  
indicat$4    ,if ! jamb is suffici5tly  
wide1 /raps may be plac$ on bo? sides ( 
! h+e-back4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 ! jamb is  
too n>r[4    ,^! /raps1 if made ( lead1 
%\ld be ?ick] ?an ! %ort /raps1  o!rwise
 !y w look weak4 ,= a /rap twelve to    
fifte5 in*es long  ! metal %\ld n be    
less ?an "o-eigh? ( an in* ?ick1 & =  "s
 designs x w\ld look bett] if qu>t]-in* 
mat]ial is us$4    ,x is q z easy to saw
 out ?ick metal z ?91 only x takes a    
little long] "t4 ,! saw mu/ be held     
/raight & n all[$ to  b9d4 ,nev] =ce a  
saw ?r\gh lead1 z x w b9d & *eck1 & also
  w pick up a ?9 lead coat+1 mat]ially  
add+ to ! friction4 ,if  ! saw does n   
run easily1 lubricate x ) a little soapy
 wat]1 &  aft]w>ds wipe x (f to prev5t  
ru/4 ,:5 work+ ) a scroll-saw on  :i*   
!re is a table1 or b$1 ! soapy wat] %\ld

 be drawn along !  l9es on ! metal ) a  
s(t hair-bru%4 ,z ! saw cuts x w take   
up ! wat]4      ,draw]-pulls &          
,h&le-plates    ,small draw]-pulls &    
h&les may be pur*as$ at any h>dw>e /ore 
= a few c5ts ea*1 b !y are usually v    
pla9 & unattractive4  ,r+s 9 heads &    
h&les on pla9 plates are ! be/ to       
pur*ase1 z  !n ! heads may be m\nt$ on  
fancy escut*eons1 & ! h&les &  keep]s   
remov$ f ! pla9 plates & reset 9 lead   
m\nt+s (  arti/ic design1 wr\ght or saw$
 f lead or o!r ductile mat]ial4         
,draw]-pulls are g5]ally arrang$ ) a    
%ank at ! back ( !  r+-head :i* passes  
into ! wood1 & into :i* a screw is driv5
  f ! inside ( ! draw]4    ,h&le-keep]s 
are made 9 ! same way4 ,9 design+ fancy 
escut*eons  & plates1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to
 arrange ! holes ! prop] di/ance  ap>t  
to receive ! keep]-ends4                
,door-plates    ,on sw+ & slid+ doors--&
 sometimes on pla9 doors--plates are    
m\nt$ above ! lock on bo? sides4 ,_! use
 is to protect !  pa9t$ or poli%$       

wood-"w f f+]-m>ks & simil> defacem5ts4 
,q elaborate plates are us$ on "s doors1
 :ile o!rs are m\nt$  ) v pla9 ones4 ,9 
,fig4 #g a v>iety ( designs are %[n4    
,! av]age plate v>ies 9 l5g? f six to   
twelve in*es4 ,9 wid?  !y measure f two 
& a half in*es to ?ree in*es1 & ! metal 
%\ld be ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* 9        
?ickness4    ,door-pull plates are made 
to receive ! ends ( a h&le4 ,! latt] is 
bolt$ to ! rev]se side ( ! door )       
c\nt]sunk nuts or flu%  screws4 ,! upp] 
l9e ( draw+s 9 ,fig4 #g are design$ =   
?is  purpose1 & ! two holes are spac$ to
 l9e ) ! ends ( ! h&le  t is to be      
ins]t$4 ,9 addition to ! an*orage ^!    
plates w  get by be+ held to ! wood "u !
 h&les1 x w\ld be well to make  a few   
holes at ! edges1 ?r\gh :i* small nails 
may be driv54      ,l>ge ,lock-plates   
,9 ,fig4 #h sev]al designs = l>ge       
lock-plates are %[n4 ,9 ?is  in/ance !  
knob & key-hole are plac$ 9 ! same      
plate4 ,?is v>iety  ( door h>dw>e (f]s a
 broad field = ! "y design]4 ,b be sure 

& space ! two holes s t ! knob & key are
 9 ! "r place4    ,9 ! extreme "r-h&    
plate 7,fig4 #h7 an effect ( cont9u$    
scroll is  secur$ ar\nd ! key-hole by   
cutt+ ! ornam5t out ( ! body (  ! plate4
 ,?is is j ! rev]se ( ! scrolls =m+ ! "r
 side  ( ! plate1 ! ornam5t 9 ?is latt] 
case be+ ( ! solid metal4  ,m 8feel+0   
may be giv5 to ! solid scroll if an     
effect ( relief is  work$ out ) "s blunt
 tool & ! mallet4 ,?is may be done ) an 
ord9>y nail-pun* or a blunt awl4 ,= !   
ve9+ use an awl or a dull  *isel1       
lightly tapp+ ! tool ) a wood5 mallet4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4     
,door-knock]s & ,miscellane\s ,ornam5ts 
,door-knock]s & plates are made 9 a     
great v>iety ( designs4 ,! mo/          
elaborate & ri*ly ornam5t$ knock]s are  
ca/ 9 bronze & *as$ by  h&1 b ?is "w is 
n possible = ! boy craftsman to         
accompli%  ) 8 small outfit & limit$ k (
 ! high] grade ( art  metal-"w4    ,!   
knock]-plates %[n 9 ,fig4 #i are cut f  
%eet-lead1 b ! r+s  9 ! keep]s 7) ! knob

 ( metal at ! l[] side7 mu/ be made  f  
iron or o!r h>d metal4 ,a blacksmi? w   
make ^! r+s & set  !m 9 a head1 or      
keep]1 :i* 9 turn is bolt$ to ! inside (
 a  door4 ,:]e ! knob ( metal /rikes !  
plate an iron nail ) a l>ge  head mu/ be
 driv5 ?r\gh ! escut*eon & into ! door1 
s t !  knob w /rike ^u x4 ,lead w n d = 
! r+ or knob1 nor z a  /rik+-plate1 s9ce
 x is too s(t to s\nd %>ply & di/9ctly4 
,%eet-lead ornam5ts 9 a great v>iety (  
designs may be made =  panels1 ! sides (
 cases1 or = ! decoration & embelli%m5t 
(  wood-"w 9 g5]al4 ,wall-pap]1 c>pet1  
uphol/]y1 & o!r figur$  fabrics w (f]   
ideas f :i* to copy2 b aft] a little    
practise  ! "y craftsman %\ld orig9ate 8
 own designs1 & n dep5d on  o!r p's     
bra9s to furni% him ) work+ patt]ns4    
,*apt] ,,viii    ,,wire-,,"w      ,!re  
are _m pretty & useful articles t c be  
made = !  home1 us+ simple tools &      
inexp5sive mat]ials4 ,:o w\ld imag9e1  =
 in/ance1 t su* attractive objects z !  
ones %[n 9 ^!  illu/rations c\ld be made

 f a few pieces ( wire ( diff]5t sizes8 
,yet1 ) a little c>e & p]sev]ance1 y may
 quickly become an  exp]t 9 wire-work+4 
,to beg9 )1 x is necess>y to obta9      
sev]al y>ds ( s(t iron wire  v>y+ 9     
sizes f ,no4 #ab to ,no4 #ah1 also a    
small roll ( s(t wire  ab\t ! size t    
flori/s employ to atta* fl[]s to %ort   
/icks  :5 mak+ up b\quets4    ,! tools  
ne$$ w be a flat & a r\nd nos$ pair (   
p9c]s1 or  pli]s 7see ,figs4 #a & #b71 a
 wire-cutt]1 & a tack-hamm]4 ,y w  also 
ne$ a %eet ( smoo? br[n pap]1 & a s(t   
lead-p5cil )  :i* to draw ! patt]ns4    
,a ,bird-cage ,bracket    ,beg9 by mak+ 
simple ?+s2 !n z y succe$ 9 produc+ good
 "w  y w be able to take up ! m         
difficult patt]ns4 ,a bird-cage  bracket
 is an easy object to />t )4 ,enl>ge !  
design %[n  9 ,fig4 #c s t x w be sixte5
 in*es high1 ) ! hook-arm  project+ sev5
 in*es f ! ma9 upright rod4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,fig4 #b4     
,,fig4 #c4    ,! patt]n is to be drawn  
out ! full size on smoo? br[n pap]2 !n  

! wire %\ld be b5t & %ap$ ov] ! l9es to 
con=m to !  design4 ,use v heavy wire = 
! upright & project+ arm1 & a  small]   
size = all ! scroll-"w4 ,! f9e/ copp]   
wire %\ld be  us$ to b9d ! scrolls      
toge!r1 & s make tight unions :]e two   
edges ( wire come toge!r & :]e ! wires  
cross4    ,?is bracket %\ld be firmly   
secur$ to ! w9d[-cas+ ) two  /aples4 ,! 
/aples %\ld n be driv5 q home1 ?us all[+
 !  bracket to be swung f "o side to !  
o!r ( ! cas+1 z ?\gh  on h+es4 ,?is is  
especially desirable if ! bracket is to 
be us$ =  a hang+-basket or pot ( fl[]s1
 z x c !n be mov$ aga9/ !  w9d[ or turn$
 back to ! wall1 to p]mit ( ! w9d[ be+  
op5$  or clean$4    ,! iron wire %\ld be
 giv5 two coats ( good black pa9t1 or1  
if  desir$1 x may be gild$ or silv]$4   
,an excell5t black prep>ation =  iron   
may be made by ?9n+ ivory-black gr\nd 9 
oil ) equal p>ts  ( ,japan dry] &       
turp5t9e4 ,or y may try add+ a little   
lamp-black  to brass lacqu] or %ellac4  
,! pa9t %\ld be appli$ to ! iron ) a s(t

 hair bru%1 & !  fir/ coat mu/ be good &
 dry be=e ! second "o is appli$4    ,if 
brass wire is us$ in/ead ( iron ! jo9ts 
%\ld be sold]$1 to  l5d additional      
/r5g?4 ,! sold]+ is an easy process &   
requires  only a little c>e4 ,to d x    
nicely1 obta9 f a plumb] a little       
sold]+ solution 9 a bottle1 &1 ) a piece
 ( /ick1 place a drop  ( solution on ea*
 union t has be5 b\nd ) ! f9e brass     
wire4  ,hold ! union ov] a _s-lamp      
flame1 & :5 ! wire has become  ?or\ghly 
heat$ t\* ! jo9t ) a piece ( wire sold]2
 ! latt]  w in/antly melt & adh]e to !  
jo9t4 ,if sold]+ solution is n  us$ !   
jo9t _c be sold]$1 & if ! wire is n hot 
en\gh !  sold] w n melt4 ,if ! wire %\ld
 be too hot ! sold] w melt  & fall (f f 
! jo9t l a drop ( wat]4 ,a little       
exp]i5ce  w soon enable "o to become an 
exp]t sold]]1 & ! process %\ld  be      
employ$ :]ev] possible1 z x /r5g!ns !   
jo9ts & unions1  & holds !m rigidly 9   
place4 ,galvaniz$ or t9n$ iron wire c be
  sold]$ 9 ! same mann]4    ,! brass    

wire %\ld be pa9t$ black ! same z iron1 
b be=e any  pa9t is appli$ ! sup]flu\s  
solution %\ld be wa%$ (f )  wat]1 z pa9t
 w n hold if appli$ ov] ! sold]+        
solution4      ,a ,photograph ,easel    
,fig4 #d %[s a design = a photograph    
easel t w make an attractive  table or  
mantel ornam5t if neatly con/ruct$ f    
wire ( m$ium size4  ,x %\ld n measure m 
?an n9e in*es 9 height1 & :]e !         
lattice-"w jo9s ! l[] cross-b> two hooks
 %\ld be arrang$ on  :i* ! photograph c 
re/4    ,a back support1 or prop1 to !  
easel may be made ( wire1 & sold]$  to !
 b> at ! upp] edge ( ! lattice-"w4 ,!   
lattice ne$ n  be made ( z heavy wire z 
! scroll-"w1 & :]e ! /r&s cross  ea* o!r
 ! junctions are to be securely b\nd )  
f9e wire4    ,l>g] easels may be made = 
small-fram$ et*+s1 = panel  photographs1
 or = o!r purposes1 b z ! size ( ! easel
 is  enl>g$ ! ?ickness ( ! wire %\ld be 
increas$ to give additional  /r5g?4     
,by r$uc+ ! size ( ! l[] scrolls ?is    
design w\ld be q  appropriate = a       

lamp-%ade1 & in/ead ( ! lattice-"w a    
piece (  prettily color$ silk or o!r    
transluc5t mat]ial may be ins]t$ to     
s]ve z ! back+4      ,a ,mat*-box    ,an
 attractive design = a mat*-box is %[n 9
 ,fig4 #e4 ,! total height  ( ! back    
piece %\ld be n9e in*es1 & ! wid? ?ree  
in*es4 ,!  mat*-receptacle %\ld be an   
in* deep & project "o & a half in*es  f 
! wall4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4     
,,fig4 #e4 ,,fig4 #f4    ,x %\ld be l9$ 
) silk or o!r goods1 to prev5t ! mat*es 
fall+ ?r\gh ! op5-"w ( ! grille4 ,f9i%$ 
9 black1 ) a  r$ or orange color$ silk  
l9+1 ?is mat*-receptacle w be f\nd  bo? 
useful & ornam5tal4      ,a ,fairy ,lamp
    ,a hang+ fairy lamp1 l ! "o %[n 9   
,fig4 #f1 makes a pretty  ornam5t = !   
p>lor or liv+-room4    ,! bracket "p is 
made 9 a simil> mann] to ! bird-cage    
bracket1  & %\ld be ( /\t wire4 ,!      
c&le-sconce1 or lamp "p1 is built up  ( 
f\r sets ( scrolls arrang$ ab\t an old  
t9 c&le/ick top1 &  securely b\nd toge!r
 ) /r&s ( f9e wire closely wrapp$4      

,by us+ brass wire sold]$ at ! unions a 
/rong] con/ruction is  possible4    ,!  
sconce %\ld be susp5d$ f ! bracket-hook 
by means ( f\r  light wires4 ,^! latt]  
may also support a canopy %ade made ov] 
a  light framework ( wire4    ,ord9>y   
color$ c&les w look well 9 ?is fairy    
lamp4 ,to keep !  colors 9 h>mony x w\ld
 be well to obta9 c&les ( a t9t t w     
mat* ! color ( ! silk %ade4 ,! lamp may 
be fa/5$ to a door or  w9d[ cas+1 or    
p]haps to ! sides ( a mantel-piece4     
,a ,picture-frame    ,fig4 #g %[s !     
design = a picture-frame t is int5d$ to 
hang aga9/ ! wall4 ,! frame prop] may be
 made ( v n>r[  picture-frame m\ld+     
ar\nd :i* ! grille-"w is arrang$4 ,:]e  
! latt] t\*es ! wood-"w x is to be made 
fa/ ) small  /aples driv5 9 ! out] edge1
 & ! ends cl9*$ at ! inside1 or  rabbet1
 ( ! frame4 ,or f9e wire may be us$ 9   
place ( ! /aples4    ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #g4 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4    ,if 
an all-iron effect is desir$1 ! rabbet  
%\ld be made ( ?9  /ove-pipe iron or    

%eet-brass1 b5t into angul> =m & f9ally 
%ap$  to ! requir$ size4 ,ar\nd x !     
grille-"w is to be made & b\nd1  9 ab\t 
! same proportion z %[n 9 ! draw+4      
,a ,glove-box    ,a design = a glove-box
 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,x %\ld be t5 in*es 
long1 five wide1 & ?ree in*es high4     
,! bottom %\ld be made ( a ?9 piece (   
wood1 & ! entire inside1  includ+ ! top1
 %\ld be l9$ ) "s h&some & sub/antial   
mat]ial 9 bright colors4    ,! f\r sides
 & ! top %\ld be made 9 sep>ate pieces1 
&  aft]w>ds b\nd securely toge!r ) f9e  
wire4      ,a ,w9d[-grille    ,fig4 #i  
is a grille = ! upp] "p ( a w9d[4 ,x w  
be v  effective if con/ruct$ ( heavy    
wire1 ! design be+ neatly c>ri$  out4   
,v>iations ( ?is grille may be made =   
doorways1 transoms1 &  skylights1 & ) ! 
h9ts & draw+s already giv5 a bright boy 
w soon be able to inv5t & "w out 8 own  
designs4 ,!re are  doz5s ( o!r objects t
 may be made 9 iron-"w1 & ^! w  soon    
sugge/ !mselves to ! "y craftsman4      
,*apt] ,,ix    ,,gas ,,& ,,electric     

,,%ades      ,%ades = gas & electric    
fixtures are a necessity 9 almo/ e      
h\se1 & by ! ex]cise ( a little         
inv5tiv5ess !y may be a "p  ( its       
ornam5t z well4 ,9 ! sugge/ions & h9ts t
 foll[ ! aim  has be5 to create f       
inexp5sive mat]ial really arti/ic       
results4 ,x  all dep5ds ^u ! c>e &      
ability ) :i* ! "y craftsman goes  to   
"w4      ,a ,simple ,gas-%ade    ,fig4  
#a is a simple %ade int5d$ = a bracket  
gas-burn]2 9 %ape &  size x fits ! rim t
 holds ! ord9>y glass globe4    ,f cov]$
 hat-wire f\r or five =ms are con/ruct$ 
l !  patt]n1 ,fig4 #a ,a4 ,!y %\ld be ( 
su* wid? at ! bottom t :5  atta*$ toge!r
 & b5t 9 a circle !y w fit 9 ! rim t is 
on ! fixture4 ,ea* =m is !n cov]$ ) ,*9a
 silk ( "s light1  pretty %ade1 & b5t   
ov]1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,"s spangles are  
sew$ to ! out] surface to =m ! design1  
or patt]n1 & ! f9e  l9es are work$ out )
 silk or laid on ) gold ?read4 ,betwe5  
ea* section "s glass beads are /rung1 & 
! o!r details may be  ga!r$ f ! draw+4  

,ano!r ,gas-%ade    ,9 ,fig4 #b ano!r   
idea is %[n = a gas-%ade4 ,six frames ( 
wire are  made1 z %[n at ,fig4 #b ,a1 & 
! ornam5t is =m$ ( wire1 & held  9 place
 by means ( v f9e wire w\nd r\nd !      
unions4 ,:5 ! six  sides h be5 made !y  
are b\nd toge!r s z to =m a hexagon     
7,fig4 #b ,b71 & ) /\t wires ?is frame  
is made fa/ to a rim1 inside  ( :i* a   
glass %ade may re/1 if desir$4    ,!    
inside ( ?is frame is l9$ ) light silk1 
& to ! l[] edge  a glass-bead fr+e ?ree 
or f\r in*es long is made fa/1 z %[n 9  
! draw+4      ,a ,metal ,%ade    ,9     
,fig4 #c an odd %ade is %[n4 ,x is cut f
 ?9 %eet-lead ) a  small *isel & p5knife
 blade1 ! metal be+ laid flat1 z %[n at 
,a1 & ! design be+ fir/ drawn out ) p5 &
 ink4 ,! ends ( !  /rip ( lead are      
caught toge!r ) small copp] tacks1 :i*  
%\ld  be driv5 d[n at ! ends ! same z   
rivets4    ,9 ord] to obta9 ! fl>e at ! 
top1 ! lead %\ld be beat5 out  ) a light
 tack-hamm] or a r\nd piece ( h>d-wood1 
until ! prop]  %ape has be5 obta9$4     

,! metal-"w %\ld be pa9t$ black1 & to   
l5d a bett] f9i% !  filigree %ade may be
 l9$ ) p9k or orange-color$ ,*9a silk4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,fig4 #b4     
,,fig4 #c4 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,fig4 
#f4 ,,fig4 #g4  ,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4   
,,fig4 #aj4      ,an ,electric-light    
,scre5    ,9 homes :]e electric lights  
are us$ x is (t5 desirable to p>tly     
hide or subdue ! h>% light f ! bright   
filam5t )9 ! bulb4  ,a gr\nd-glass bulb 
answ]s ! purely utilit>ian purpose1 b   
!re is  no reason :y ! scre5 %\ld n be  
decorative also4    ,9 ,fig4 #d an      
attractive design is %[n4 ,f\r or five  
triangul> wire  frames are made & fill$ 
) wire ornam5ts1 z %[n at ,fig4 #d ,a1 &
  !y are caught toge!r at ! sides s t !y
 w =m a cap1 or  hood1 ov] ! bulb4 ,a b&
 ( ?9 %eet-lead is run ar\nd ! edge1  & 
to x ! glass-bead fr+e is sew$ fa/ ?r\gh
 small holes t  may be pun*$ 9 ! metal )
 a f9e awl4    ,! cap is l9$ ) silk1 & !
 beads %\ld correspond ) x 9  color4    
,a ,bell-%ap$ ,%ade    ,9 ,fig4 #e a    

bell-%ap$ %ade is illu/rat$4 ,x is made 
up ( five  sections1 z describ$ = !     
gas-%ade 9 ,fig4 #a4    ,! ornam5t may  
be embroid]$ or pa9t$ ) wat]-colors1 or 
!  sides may be left pla94 ,a l9e ( %ort
 glass-bead fr+e ar\nd !  bottom w add  
to ! appe>ance ( ! %ade4      ,a        
,pe>-%ap$ ,%ade    ,9 ,fig4 #f ! cap is 
cut f ?9 %eet-lead4 ,! f\r or five      
sep>ate  p>ts are caught toge!r at !    
edges ) f9e wire drawn ?r\gh small      
holes1 & all ! metal-"w is pa9t$ black4 
,long glass-bead fr+e is atta*$ to ! l[]
 edge ( ! cap1 & !  ends are caught     
toge!r at ! bottom4      ,a ,dome-%ap$  
,%ade    ,= a d9+-room1 :]e a clu/] (   
lights is us$1 a good idea = a          
dome-%ap$ %ade is %[n 9 ,fig4 #g4       
,?is is made f a silk p>asol l9$ ) :ite4
 ,9 ord] t ! ribs  may hold x 9 %ape1   
saw (f ! /ick j bel[ ! cat* & pass !    
electric-light wire ?r\gh ! silk at !   
middle ( ! top4    ,a numb] ( panels are
 made ( ! same wid? z ! di/ance betwe5 !
  ribs2 !y are caught to ea* o!r & to ! 

end ( ea* /eel rib )  f9e wire4 ,!      
panels are made ( wire & cov]$ ) ?9 ,*9a
 silk1  :i* is ornam5t$ ) g>l&s &       
ribbons1 ei!r embroid]$ or  pa9t$ on1 z 
%[n 9 ! draw+4 ,glass-bead fr+e %\ld    
dep5d f  ! l[] edge ( ^! panels1 & x    
%\ld mat* 9 color ! silk (  ! p>asol & !
 panels4      ,ano!r ,d9+-room ,%ade    
,ano!r idea = a d9+-room fixture is %[n 
9 ,fig4 #h4    ,x consi/s ( two wire    
hoops held ab\t six in*es ap>t1 ! edge (
  a b& ( embroid]$ silk be+ caught ov]  
ea* hoop4 ,^! hoops  are susp5d$ f a    
circul> disk ( wood1 :i* 9 turn is      
support$  by means ( ! flexible wire t  
conducts curr5t = ! light4 ,!  bulbs are
 enclos$ 9 fro/$ glass globes1 ?ree or  
f\r ( :i* are  susp5d$ 9 a clu/] at !   
c5tre ( ! hoop4 ,a long silk or a       
glass-bead fr+e ornam5ts ! l[] edge ( ! 
b&4    ,ano!r way ( arrang+ ?is fixture 
is to c>ry ! globes to !  inside ( ! b&4
 ,f f\r to sev5 ( !m may hang j inside !
  b&1 :i*1 9 t case1 may be made sev5 or
 eight in*es wide in/ead  ( six in*es4  

,! globes %\ld be ( a size to           
accommodate eight-c&le-p[] lights4    ,9
 mak+ any ( ^! %ades x w\ld be well to  
cut ! =ms f  c>d-bo>d1 & pa/e !m toge!r 
to =m a patt]n f :i* to %ape  ! metal   
p>ts4      ,a ,canopy    ,9 ,fig4 #i a  
canopy ( ?9 metal /rips & silk is %[n4  
,! /rips are cut f ?9 /ove-pipe iron1   
brass1 or copp]4 ,!  s(t metal is       
pref]able to ! h>d1 or spr+1 brass1 z x 
c be  m easily b5t & x w keep ! %ape    
bett]4 ,a pap] plan may be  drawn ( "o  
section1 & ! small scrolls fitt$ ov] x1 
!n b&$  toge!r ) f9e wire4 ,! bottom (  
?is canopy is r\nd1 b ! six  sides are  
slightly flatt5$ at ! middle1 half-way  
betwe5 ! top &  bottom4    ,! inside ( !
 canopy is l9$ ) light silk1 & silk or  
glass-bead  fr+e is atta*$ to ! l[]     
edge4      ,a ,panel ,%ade    ,fig4 #aj 
%[s a simple %ade made ( f\r panels     
compos$ ( cov]$ wire  & ?9 silk4 ,!     
ornam5tal design may be embroid]$1 or   
pa9t$ or  cut f color$ silk & sew$ on4  
,?is %ade may be susp5d$ f ! socket by  

means ( silk cords or  wires1 & ! op5   
spaces at ! top w p]mit "s light to gl[ 
above ! %ade4          ,*apt] ,x        
,,relief ,,et*+      ,9 ?is era (       
practical craftsman%ip !re is a field = 
any unique  art t savors ( orig9ality & 
:i* w help to beautify ! home  & its    
furni%+s4    ,relief et*+ is "o ( ^!    
arts1 & is a v old "o1 hav+ be5  employ$
 by ! work]s on ,k+ ,solomon's temple1 &
 p]haps 9 e>li]  hi/orical build+s4 ,t 0
 be=e ! "t ( *emical treatm5t1  h[ev]1 &
 :5 ! beautiful effects 7 obta9$ by     
labori\s  h&-"w1 a modification ( :i* is
 h&$ d[n 9 ! ,turki%1  ,russian1 &      
,ori5tal h&-et*$ brasses & silv] goods4 
,mod]n sci5ce & *emi/ry h sup]s$$ ! old 
me?od1 & _m  beautiful pieces ( relief  
et*+ are produc$ by ! acid process1  :i*
 is mu* m beautiful 9 "s respects ?an ! 
tool-"w4 ,!  process is v simple1 & any 
boy c become ma/] ( ! art 9 a  %ort "t &
 at a v mod]ate co/4    ,! equipm5t     
necess>y to ! "w w be a tray = ! acid   
ba?1 a  small c ( asphaltum v>ni%1 ?ree 

or f\r camel's-hair bru%es (  assort$   
sizes1 a bottle ( nitric acid1 & "s     
pieces ( %eet brass  or copp] less ?an  
"o-eigh? ( an in* 9 ?ickness4    ,= !   
acid ba? a photograph]'s porcela9 or    
h>d-rubb]  develop+-tray w be j ! ?+1 b 
if n available a good p9e  or :ite-wood 
tray c be made ) sides two in*es high4  
,to protect ! wood f ! action ( ! acid1 
! tray %\ld be  treat$ to sev]al        
successive coats ( asphaltum v>ni%--"o  
ea* day  until ! wood is ?or\ghly coat$ 
& ! jo9ts well fill$4 ,! wood  %\ld be  
half or ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick1 &    
screws %\ld  be us$ at ! jo9ts & laps4  
,a tray ( ?is description c be made  at 
home1 & :5 f9i%$ x %\ld appe> z %[n 9   
,fig4 #a4 ,if !  v>ni% is too ?ick :5   
apply+ x1 a little turp5t9e w ?9 x      
prop]ly4    ,small1 flat subjects are   
be/ to beg9 )1 su* z h+e-plates1        
panels1 escut*eons1 or tablets4 ,= a    
draw] panel1 ,fig4 #b %[s an  attractive
 & simple design t may be drawn on !    
metal ) p5  & ink4 ,if ! ink creeps1 !  

surface ( ! metal may be r\gh5$         
slightly ) f9e em]y clo?4    ,) !       
asphaltum v>ni% ! design is !n fill$ 9 s
 x w appe>  z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c & all[$ to 
dry1 :51 z a precaution>y measure1      
ano!r coat %\ld be giv5 ov] ! black5$   
surface1 to avoid !  possibility ( !    
acid bit+ ?r\gh ! ?9 places1 or :]e !   
v>ni% has miss$ ! metal4 ,! back & edge 
( ! metal is coat$  also1 to prev5t !   
acid f eat+ into x4    ,all ! surfaces (
 ! metal n cov]$ ) ! v>ni% w be  eat5 or
 et*$ away & left ) a granul> surface   
resembl+ f9e  s&-pap]1 :ile ! pa9t$ or  
protect$ p>ts w be left intact &  ) a   
smoo? surface l ! orig9al face ( !      
plate1 z %[n 9  ,fig4 #d4      ,!       
,te*nique ( ! ,process    ,) an old     
wooll5 clo? dipp$ 9 turp5t9e1 ! surface 
( ! plate  may be rubb$1 aft] fir/ wa%+ 
(f ! acid4 ,! black remov$ f  ! ornam5t 
w t9t ! granulat$ surface ( ! backgr\nd 
& l5d  relief to ! bright surface ( !   
ornam5t4    ,almo/ any objects 9 metal1 
su* z door-h+es1 knobs1 fireplace hoods1

  "n-plates1 vases1 c&le/icks1 panels1 &
 tablets1 c be decorat$  by ?is process1
 & if arti/ically done ! results w be v 
effective4    ,%eet brass & copp] may be
 pur*as$ at l>ge h>dw>e /ores or  supply
 h\ses = ?irty c5ts a p\nd1 & ! %eets or
 panels c be  cut !re ) ! %e>s to !     
exact size requir$4 ,= ! av]age  "w1    
metal n m ?an "o-sixte5? ( an in* ?ick w
 be f\nd  easy to h&le2 b = l>ge panels 
or "n-plate1 pieces ab\t  "o-eigh? ( an 
in* ?ick are pref]able4    ,if ! design 
%[n 9 ,figs4 #b1 #c1 & #d is too        
elaborate = !  beg9n]s1 "s simple outl9e
 may be drawn1 p]haps a fl[] design1    
copi$ f "s piece ( embroid]y "w1 or a   
figure design f a  wall-pap]1 c>pet1 or 
dress-goods patt]n4 ,! metal %\ld be    
left to  dry = at lea/ an h\r aft] be+  
pa9t$ ) ! v>ni% be=e x  is plac$ 9 !    
acid ba?4    ,! et*+ is done by plac+ ! 
plate1 face up1 on ! bottom ( !  tray & 
cov]+ x ) acid4 ,! gr\nd-"w or unpa9t$  
portions  ( ! metal may be bitt5 to any 
dep?1 b x is n desirable to  cut away   

too mu*1 z x weak5s ! plate & cuts "u ! 
ornam5t1  unless x is c>efully /opp$ out
 all ar\nd ! edges ( ! design2  & t is  
too mu* ( an und]tak+ = ! "y craftsman1 
s9ce x  requires a great deal ( "t &    
c>eful "w4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4  
,,fig4 #b4 ,,! ,,draw+    ,,fig4 #c4 ,,!
 ,,pa9t+    ,,fig4 #d4 ,,! ,,et*+       
,,fig4 #e4    ,a little practice w      
det]m9e j :5 ! plate %\ld be remov$  f !
 solution1 ei!r = exam9ation or f9al    
clean+4 ,s(t brass  or copp] corrodes   
mu* fa/] ?an h>d metal1 :i* takes ab\t  
?ree  times long]1 & ! process (        
corrosion w require f tw5ty  m9utes to  
an h\r1 accord+ to ! temp] ( ! metal & !
 /r5g?  ( ! acid solution4      ,! ,acid
 ,solution    ,to prep>e ! acid solution
 obta9 a l>ge1 cle> glass bottle & fill 
x qu>t] full ( pure wat]2 into ?is sl[ly
 p\r an equal quantity  ( nitric acid1  
tak+ great c>e n to spill any ( ! acid1 
z x  acts in/antly & w eat a hole 9 any 
clo? x falls ^u or spatt]s  ov]4 ,we>   
old clo!s & a canvas apron :5 mix+ or   

h&l+ !  acid1 & nev] be 9 a hurry to get
 results quickly by ! reckless use  ( ! 
bit+ fluid4 ,if p]*ance ! acid %\ld t\* 
! clo?+1  apply a few drops ( ammonia to
 ! spot imm$iately1 to neutralize !     
acid & /op its action4 ,! spot %\ld !n  
be spong$ ) cle>  wat] & no /a9 w be    
p]ceptible4    ,z ! acid is add$ to !   
wat] 7nev] add ! wat] to ! acid71  %ake 
x occasionally to ?or\ghly mix x1 & let 
! mixture /& =  a :ile to cool2 !n place
 a rubb] cork 9 ! bottle1 label x       
,nitric  ,acid ,solution--,,poison1 &   
place x beyond ! rea* ( small *ildr54   
,a solution t has be5 us$ %\ld be p\r$ f
 ! tray into ano!r  bottle1 to be us$   
aga9 by add+ a small quantity ( fre%    
solution4  ,an old solution does n act z
 quickly z a new "o1 b = s(t metal      
plates x is pref]able1 z x does n       
require su* c>eful wat*+4  ,! fumes ( ! 
acid1 :5 at "w1 are disagreeable1 s if  
possible x  is well to c>ry out ?is "p (
 ! process 9 ! op5 air4 ,aft]  ! plate  
is imm]s$ 9 ! acid1 d n h&le x ) !      

unprotect$  f+]s4    ,rubb] gloves may  
be us$ = ?is purpose1 b if a pair _c be 
_h ! plate may be rais$ f ! tray bottom 
by means ( a small1  %>p-po9t$ /ick1 & x
 %\ld !n be grasp$ ) a pair (  pli]s &  
imm]s$ 9 wat] to /op ! action ( ! acid4 
,a plate  may be repeat$ly remov$ f !   
ba? to wat* ! progress ( !  et*+1 b 9   
do+ s x mu/ be h&l$ ) c>e1 9 ! mann] j  
describ$4    ,:5 ! gr\nd is et*$ deep   
en\gh1 remove ! plate f ! acid &  give x
 a ?or\gh wa%+ 9 clean wat]2 !n ) a s(t 
clo? dipp$  9 turp5t9e rub (f ! entire  
surface ( ! plate4 ,! turp5t9e  w       
dissolve ! v>ni% & leave a film ( x on !
 granul> surface  ( ! metal eat5 by !   
acid4 ,z a result1 ! gr\nd w be d>k5$   
or oxidiz$1 :ile ! p>ts orig9ally       
protect$ by ! v>ni% w be  bright &      
smoo?4 ,! high p>ts c be bright5$ /ill m
 ) metal  poli%1 or !y may be buff$ &   
lacqu]$ by a metal f9i%]4      ,"s      
,typical ,designs    ,9 ,fig4 #e ! face 
( a door-knob is %[n 9 its et*$ /ate1 ! 
patt]n be+ drawn 9 v>ni%1 z describ$4   

,9 ,fig4 #f ! side ( ! knob 9 ,fig4 #e  
is %[n2 t is1 if x %\ld  h su* a flat b&
 all ar\nd4 ,pla9 brass knobs may be    
pur*as$ at a  h>dw>e /ore1 & if !y are  
lacqu]$ ! coat+ %\ld be remov$  )       
alcohol be=e ! et*+ is done1 z o!rwise !
 acid w\ld n  eat ?r\gh ! lacqu] = "s   
"t4    ,= an acid ba? 9 :i* an object   
?is %ape is to be et*$1 a yell[  e>!nw>e
 b[l may be us$1 or a l[ j> ) a wide    
neck w answ]  v well4 ,! knob %\ld be   
susp5d$ 9 ! acid by means ( a piece  (  
wax$ /r+ ti$ ab\t ! %ank4    ,h+es on   
cab9et doors may be greatly improv$ by  
mak+ brass /raps  = !m1 :i* %\ld be     
appli$ to ! wood s t !y fit closely     
aga9/ ! sides ( ! h+es4    ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4
 #i4    ,designs = h+e-/raps are %[n 9  
,figs4 #g & #h1 & ,fig4 #i is a  brass  
vase on ! outside ( :i* a floral design 
has be5 et*$4    ,ano!r design = ! face 
( an oval brass door-knob is %[n 9 ,fig4
  #aj4 ,?is is a simple patt]n to draw  
on a knob ) asphaltum v>ni%1  & its pla9

 b bold ornam5t is q z pleas+ to ! eye z
 a m  intricate patt]n w\ld be4    ,a   
design = a %ort1 high h+e-plate is %[n  
at ,fig4 #aa1 & at ,fig4  #ab a long1   
n>r[ h+e-plate or hasp-/rap is depict$4 
,_m o!r  %apes ( hasps & ! patt]ns to   
ornam5t !m may be design$ by !  boy ) "s
 arti/ic ability1 & he may be able to   
improve ^u ^!  sugge/ions4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,fig4 #aa4   
,,fig4 #ab4 ,,fig4 #ac4    ,:5 mak+     
h+e-/raps1 escut*eons1 or any articles f
 brass plates  or flat brass & copp]1 ! 
edges %\ld be %ap$ ) a cold-*isel  &    
mallet on ! upturn$ face ( an old       
flat-iron4 ,! unev5 or ragg$  edges may 
be trimm$ (f ) a file & f9i%$ ) em]y    
clo?4    ,an idea = a "n-plate is %[n 9 
,fig4 #ac4 ,?is is sev5 in*es long  &   
?ree in*es wide4 ,x is appropriate = a  
front door or ! door (  a boy's room1   
*ang+ ! "n1 ( c\rse1 to t ( ! prop]     
p]son4    ,at ! left ( ! draw+ ! f9i%$  
plate is %[n1 :ile at  ! o!r side !     
black5$ lett]s & m>g9al l9e is depict$1 

illu/rat+ h[ ! plate w look be=e x is   
et*$4 ,or ?is la/  may be ! appe>ance ( 
! plate aft] x is et*$ & be=e !  v>ni%  
has be5 remov$ ) turp5t9e & a clo?4     
,"p ,,iii    ,,h\sehold ,,arts          
,*apt] ,,xi    ,,clay-,,modell+ ,,&     
,,pla/]-,,ca/+      ,! boy on :om nature
 has be/[$ ! natural tal5t & lik+ =     
art-"w w f9d clay-modell+ a fasc9at+ &  
pleas+ bran* to  foll[4    ,to become a 
p]fect modell]1 & f9ally a sculptor1    
requires ye>s (  pati5ce & p]sev]ance1 b
 to copy simple objects 9 clay is n a   
difficult matt]1 & ) "s clay1 a few     
tools1 & ! skeletons1  or supports1 !   
amateur %\ld n meet ) any great ob/acle 
if !  foll[+ descriptions & in/ructions 
are accept$ & practis$4    ,v few tools 
are necess>y at ! beg9n+1 & ,nos4 #a1   
#b1 #c1 #d1  #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 & 
#aa1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #e1 are a full         
complem5t =  any beg9n]4 ,! fir/ f\r are
 wire tools1 made ( spr+-/eel or  brass 
wire1 ab\t :i* f9e wire is wrapp$4 ,!   
ends ( ! wires are  securely b\nd to !  

end ( a r\nd wood5 h&le1 & sometimes1 = 
conv5i5ce1 two ends are made fa/ to a   
s+le h&le4 ,^! tools are  call$         
8d\ble-end]s10 & are us$ 9 r\gh+ out !  
clay 9 !  fir/ /ages ( ! "w4 ,no4 #e is 
a boxwood tool ) "o s]rat$  edge1 & is  
us$ = f9i%+4 ,! tools %[n 9 ,nos4 #f &  
#g are (  /eel1 & are ( use on pla/]1   
:]e o!rs w\ld n be suffici5tly  durable4
 ,nos4 #h1 #i1 #aj1 & #aa are boxwood   
tools1 a wire loop be+  fa/5$ 9 ! end ( 
,no4 #i4 ,any ( ^! tools c be pur*as$ at
 an  art-mat]ial /ore = a few c5ts ea*1 
except ! /eel tools1 :i*  are m         
exp5sive4    ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tools  
,fig4 #e4    ,a /&1 or p$e/al1 w be     
necess>y on :i* to place ! clay model1  
unless p]haps x %\ld be a m$allion1 :i* 
may be work$ ov] on a  table4    ,fig4  
#f is a /& t c be made by any boy f a   
few pieces ( p9e  two in*es squ>e & a   
top bo>d "o & a half in*es 9 ?ickness4  
,x  is arrang$ ) a c5tral %aft t may be 
rais$ or l[]$1 & to  ! top ( :i* a      
plat=m is securely atta*$4    ,! movable

 %aft %\ld h "s holes bor$ ?r\gh x f    
side to  side1 ?r\gh :i* a small iron p9
 may be adju/$ to hold ! plat=m  at a   
desir$ height4 ,clay c be pur*as$ at !  
art /ores by !  p\nd1 or 9 ! c\ntry a v 
good quality ( light1 slate-color$ clay 
may sometimes be f\nd along ! edges (   
brooks or 9 swampy places  :]e runn+    
wat] has wa%$ away ! dirt & gravel1     
leav+ a cle>  deposit ( clay ( !        
consi/5cy ( putty4    ,supports :i* !   
clay models are built ^u c be made (    
wood &  wire1 z ! requirem5ts           
necessitate4 ,t = ! head is %[n 9 ,fig4 
#a4 ,ne>ly e clay model ( any size w ne$
 "s support1 z clay  is heavy & settles1
 & if n prop]ly support$ w soon become  
di/ort$ & ! composition spoil$4 ,y w    
also ne$ "s old s(t  clo?s t c be appli$
 wet to ! clay1 a pair ( calip]s1 & a   
small tr[el or spatula4      ,!         
,te*nique ( ! ,art    ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #a4 ,,fig4 #f4    ,to model well 
! art ( draw+ is indisp5sable4 ,! art ( 
wood-c>v+ is also a valuable "o to !    

clay-modell]1 b c>e mu/  be tak5 :5 mak+
 any ca/s ( wood-c>v+ to use glue m\lds2
  o!rwise ! c>v+ w\ld become firmly     
emb$d$ 9 a pla/] m\ld1  due to ! und]cut
 9 ! c>v$ ornam5t4 ,to beg9 )1 *oose "s 
simple object to copy1 su* z a vase or  
"s small ornam5t2 !n1 :5  a satisfactory
 result has be5 obta9$1 select some?+ a 
trifle m  difficult1 su* z a h& or foot4
    ,:5 copy+ a head1 obta9 a bu/       
support on :i* to "w ! clay4 ,a  v      
simple & /rong "o c be made f a piece ( 
bo>d1 two /icks1  & a %ort piece ( pipe 
wir$ to ! top end ( ! upright /ick      
7,fig4  #a74    ,to c>ry out !          
proportions ( a bu/ simil> to ,fig4 #d1 
! clay %\ld  be pack$ ab\t ! support mu*
 aft] ! mann] %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,?is  w   
support ! clay4    ,) a lump ( clay & ! 
f+]s =m ! g5]al outl9e1 z %[n 9  ,fig4  
#b1 = ! head2 !n1 ) ! wire tools1 beg9  
to "w away !  clay 9 places1 s z to     
foll[ ! l9es ( ! model4 ,) ! calip]s    
measurem5ts may be tak5 f ! pla/] head &
 us$ advantage\sly  9 ! build+ up ( !   

clay model4 ,turn ! pla/] model & clay  
copy occasionally1 s t all sides may be 
pres5t$ & closely  foll[$ 9 l9e &       
detail4 ,fig4 #c %[s ! next /age1 &     
,fig4 #d !  complet$ head4    ,modell+  
diff]s f draw+ & pa9t+ 9 t e side ( !   
model is visible1 :ile only ! face ( !  
pa9t+ is pres5t$ to  ! eye1 ! impression
 ( =m & outl9e be+ work$ out on a flat  
surface4    ,hav+ successfully ma/]$ !  
head1 next attempt a foot f a pla/]     
ca/4 ,aft]w>ds a m elaborate subject1   
su* z a :ole figure1 c be  tri$4    ,) !
 wire modell+-tools & ! f+]s beg9 to "w 
away ! clay  to obta9 ! g5]al outl9e &  
=m2 cont9ue ?is 9 a r\gh mann]1  until a
 p]fect composition is obta9$ t comp>es 
favorably )  ! orig9al model2 !         
f9i%+-t\*es may !n be appli$1 & !       
detail work$ up m c>efully4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,fig4 #c4     
,,fig4 #d4 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,fig4 #h4        
,nev] complete "o "p & leave ! rema9+   
ones until lat]2 always  "w up ! model  
uni=mly1 add+ a little "h & !re1 or tak+

  away1 z may be necess>y1 & s develop+ 
! :ole composition  gradually4    ,moi/5
 ! clay occasionally ) wat] spray$ on ) 
a small  wat]+-pot or a gre5h\se        
spr9kl]1 to keep x s(t & ductile4  ,:5 n
 be+ work$ ^u x %\ld be cov]$ ) wet     
clo?s1 to keep  x moi/4    ,z ! "w      
progresses ! clay may be all[$ to h>d5 &
 consolidate1  b n to dry2 if all[$ to  
dry entirely ! model may be consid]$    
ru9$1 z ! %r9kage ( ! clay ar\nd !      
support results 9  fissures & fractures 
t _c be repair$4    ,by ! "t ! amateur  
has acquir$ ! k to attempt a full-size  
figure he w be able to inv5t ! devices  
to support x4    ,! support1 or         
skeleton1 mu/ ( c\rse be adapt$ to l9e )
 ! pose  ( ! figure1 & %\ld be ( pipe & 
heavy wire or rods securely  an*or$ to !
 base-plate4    ,! composition ( fl[]s1 
fruit1 foliage1 animal life1 & l&scape  
is  an inexhau/ible "o1 & "s beautiful  
effects c be _h 9 flat-"w4  ,good       
examples ( ?is "* ( "w may be f\nd on   
all sides1 & to  ! g5ius ! field (      

modell+ is a broad "o--)\t limit4       
,glue & ,gelat9e ,m\lds    ,:5 ca/+ f   
h&s1 feet1 or ornam5ts :]e und]cut      
pr$om9ates1  ! mo/ successful mode is 9 
! use ( gelat9e or glue4    ,to ca/ a   
head simil> to ! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #d x w  
be necess>y to  make a box frame l>ge   
en\gh to hold ! head4    ,! ca/ is to be
 well oil$1 & d[n ! front & back1 runn+ 
ar\nd  "u & back ov] ! base block1 /rong
 l95 ?reads are to be /uck  on ) oil4   
,w>m glue or gelat9e is !n p\r$ 9 ! box 
& left to  *ill & solidify4    ,:5      
suffici5tly cold ! frame may be remov$1 
leav+ ! solid block  ( glue l h>d jelly2
 !n ! ends ( ! ?reads are to be grasp$  
& torn ?r\gh ! gelat9e1 ?us sep>at+ x 9 
two or ?ree p>ts4  ,! pla/] head may !n 
be remov$1 & ! m\ld put toge!r aga9  &  
surr\nd$ by ! frame to hold x 9 place4  
,to make a pla/] head ?is pla/] ( ,p>is 
may be p\r$ into ! m\ld  & left = a     
:ile1 :51 on remov+ ! frame & tak+ !    
glue  m\ld away1 a p]fect reproduction (
 ! orig9al head w be f\nd4      ,holl[  

,ca/+    ,:5 v l>ge objects t w\ld      
require a great deal ( pla/] are  ca/1  
!y are g5]ally made holl[ 9 ! foll[+    
mann]3    ,obta9 ! glue m\ld by !       
process describ$1 & into x p\r a        
quantity ( ?9 pla/]1 hav+ fir/ oil$ !   
surfaces t come  9 contact ) x4 ,turn ! 
m\ld ab\t & upside d[n1 s t !  pla/] w  
ent] e "p & adh]e to ! glue =m4 ,all[ x 
to  8set10 & aga9 p\r "s pla/] into !   
m\ld4 ,?is w adh]e to  ! fir/ coat+1 &  
aft] x has set repeat ! op]ation sev]al 
times1 until a deposit1 or coat+1 an in*
 or m 9 ?ickness has be5  made4    ,!   
glue m\ld on be+ remov$ w reveal a      
p]fect pla/]-ca/+  t1 in/ead ( be+      
solid1 is holl[1 & 9 consequ5ce is mu*  
light]4      ,modell+ a ,foot    ,to    
model a foot f a pla/] ca/1 z %[n at    
,fig4 #g1 x w be  necess>y to lay or    
putty up ! =m 9 ! r\gh1 z sugge/$ = !   
bu/ 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,n[ r\gh out ! =m ) !   
modell+-tools1 s t  x w appe> z %[n 9   
,fig4 #h4 ,a frame1 or support1 %\ld be 
made  f a block & a /\t piece ( wire1 z 

%[n at ,fig4 #i1 s t !  mass ( clay1    
p>ticul>ly t at ! back ( ! foot1 w n    
settle4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4     
,,fig4 #aj4    ,= full-l5g? figures x is
 always necess>y to con/ruct a frame    
aft]  a r\gh front & pr(ile draw+ has   
be5 made4 ,) ?is draw+ 9  sight1 x w !n 
be a comp>atively simple matt] to       
con/ruct a wire  or iron pipe frame su* 
z t pictur$ 9 ,fig4 #aj4                
,bas-relief ,modell+    ,bas-relief "w  
is ano!r int]e/+ dep>tm5t (             
clay-modell+4  ,?is is "o-sid$ 9 its    
effect1 & ! full1 r\nd$ appe>ance ( !   
/atue or bu/ is r$uc$ to a m flatt5$ =m 
) l[] relief4 ,a  famili> example (     
bas-relief is ! head on a silv] doll>1  
or !  rais$ ornam5t on silv]w>e &       
pott]y4 ,let u n[ beg9 ) !  gr\p ( pe>s 
& leaves illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #aa4    ,a   
small block or piece ( wood is treat$ to
 a coat ( %ellac or pa9t2  !n ! clay is 
putti$ on to r\ghly =m ! p>ts 9 ! gr\p4 
,)  ! modell+-tools ! outl9e & =m is    
gradually work$ out2 !n  ! surfaces are 

smoo!d d[n1 & ! few little arti/ic t\*es
 giv5  "h & !re to l5d life & "*4       
,bas-reliefs c1 ( c\rse1 be ca/ any     
size1 & f ! orig9al  pla/] m\ld _m      
duplicates 9 composition or papi]-ma*   
may be  made4    ,g>l&s1 fe/oons1       
sunbur/s1 panel ornam5ts1 & c>t\*es c be
  modell$ 9 clay1 & aft]w>ds ca/ =      
ar*itectural features 9  int]ior        
decoration4 ,a good example ( ! g>l& is 
%[n 9 ,fig4 #ab4  ,?is is made up (     
fl[]s & ribbons1 & ) c>eful & pati5t "w 
! boy sculptor %\ld be able to obta9    
results q z pleas+ 9  detail z t        
illu/rat$4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 
,,fig4 #ab4      ,a ,m$allion ,head     
,aft] "s exp]i5ce 9 ca/+ ornam5ts 9     
bas-relief has be5  obta9$1 x w\ld be   
well to try a head or bu/4    ,a simple 
me?od ( do+ ?is is to take an ord9>y    
s*ool slate &  make ! outl9e ( a head on
 x4 ,)9 ?is outl9e y build up  r\ghly ) 
y\r f+] & ?umb a cake ( clay ab\t half  
an in* 9  ?ickness2 !n ) y\r modell+    
in/rum5ts "w x up z accurately  z y\r   

arti/ic skill w p]mit 7see ,fig4 #ac74  
,:5 9 ! progress ( y\r "w y f9d x       
necess>y to leave x =  a %ort "t1 be    
c>eful to cov] x ov] ) a wet clo?1 & if 
=  a long "t1 put two wet clo?s ov] x1 &
 cov] !m 9 turn )  a %eet ( newspap]4   
,?is is necess>y to keep ! clay f gett+ 
h>d & unfit = work+4 ,if at any "t y f9d
 ! clay gett+ too  /iff1 spr9kle x )    
wat] %ak5 f a :isk-broom4 ,to make !    
m\lds ( y\r clay model y w require a    
little pla/] ( ,p>is1  "s l>d oil1 & "s 
soap1 & !n y\r outfit is complete4      
,:5 y\r clay m$allion is f9i%$1 build a 
wall ( clay ar\nd x (  ab\t an in* & a  
qu>t] 9 height1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac2 !n   
get a  teacupful ( l>d or olive oil1 &  
add to x a good teaspoonful ( any  k9d (
 soap scrap$ f9e4 ,put ?is on ! /ove &  
/ir until x is  ?or\ghly mix$2 !n ) a   
s(t camel's-hair bru% lay a slight coat 
ov] y\r entire "w4    ,y mu/ n[ mix y\r 
pla/]4 ,if ! surface ( y\r m$allion is1 
say1  "o foot by six in*es1 y w require 
ab\t two p\nds ( pla/] to  ab\t a qu>t (

 wat]4 ,spr9kle ! pla/] into ! wat]1 &  
!n  wat* x until bubbles h ceas$ to come
 to ! surface4 ,:5 no m  bubbles appe>1 
/ir x up well ) a /ick4 ,! mixture %\ld 
be ab\t  ! consi/5cy ( ?ick cream4 ,!   
exact proportions y mu/ f9d out  by     
exp]im5t4 ,?is pla/] cream y p\r quickly
 ov] y\r m$allion1  bl[+ g5tly ) y\r m\?
 on ! fluid z x spreads itself ov]  !   
face ( y\r "w2 ?is is to prev5t !       
=mation ( bubbles4 ,9  a %ort "t ! pla/]
 w become h>d2 y !n remove y\r clay     
wall1 & lift ! pla/] m\ld1 or matrix1 f 
! clay4 ,?is y d  by pass+ a p5knife all
 r\nd betwe5 ! pla/] & ! slate1 aft]    
:i* x lifts easily4 ,y h n[ a p]fect    
pla/] m\ld4 ,if y f9d  any small        
p>ticles ( clay adh]+ to x1 wa% !m (f ) 
a s(t  camel's-hair bru% & wat]4    ,y  
n[ want to get a pla/] ca/ f y\r matrix4
 ,to d ?is y lay a  coat ( ! soap & oil 
mixture ) a camel's-hair bru% all ov] ! 
face ( ! m\ld1 & !n p\r 9 ! pla/] j z y 
did be=e1  tak+ ! same precautions to   
bl[ ^u ! pla/] & to build a wall  ( clay

 ar\nd ! m\ld4    ,y let ?is /& = half  
an h\r until x is p]fectly set1 :5 y  c 
remove y\r ca/+ by pass+ a ?9-blad$     
knife all r\nd betwe5  ! matrix & !     
ca/+4 ,if x does n !n lift easily1      
plunge  ! :ole ?+ 9 wat] = an in/ant1   
aft] :i* y w h no  difficulty 9 sep>at+ 
! two p>ts4    ,y n[ h a pla/] ca/ ( y\r
 orig9al "w1 :i* y c t\*  up & f9i% (f )
 s&-pap]1 or ) ! blade ( a p5knife if   
necess>y4    ,y c1 ( c\rse1 make z _m   
ca/s z y please f y\r m\ld1 &  ?us h v  
pretty little s\v5irs to pres5t to y\r  
fri5ds4    ,illu/ration3 ,,m$allion ,,& 
,,pla9 ,,ca/+    ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,fig4 #ad4
 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,fig4 #af4 ,,fig4 #ag4    
,co9 & ,metal ,ca/s    ,?is same        
proc$ure may be employ$ :5 mak+ m\lds & 
ca/s f  co9s1 m$als1 & m$allions4 ,a    
n>r[ frame is made ( wood1 & at !       
middle ( ?is a m$al is plac$ on ! flat  
oil$ surface ( a bo>d1 a  slate1 or a   
piece ( m>ble1 z %[n at ,fig4 #ad4 ,!   
face ( ! object  is n[ prep>$ ) ! oil1 &
 ! pla/] is p\r$ z previ\sly  describ$4 

,if any numb] ( reproductions are to be 
ca/ f ! m\ld1  x w\ld be well to give x 
"o or two coats ( ?9 %ellac2 !n oil x   
be=e ea* impression is made4            
,pla/]-ca/+ 9 ,g5]al    ,x is n a       
difficult matt] to reproduce 9 pla/]    
almo/ any object  t has no und]cut or   
p>ts t w n easily deta* f a m\ld4  ,:5  
mak+ !m1 ! fir/ ?+ to d is to get a     
piece ( bo>d ab\t  a foot squ>e2 t is to
 "w on1 s z n to soil ! table4 ,!n  y   
want a lump ( clay ab\t z big z a       
football1 five or six p\nds  ( pla/] (  
,p>is--x only co/s ?ree c5ts a p\nd--& a
 half-doz5  wood5 pegs4 ,y also want a  
cup ( w>m melt$ l>d1 or ,ca/ile soap    
dissolv$ 9 hot wat]1 to rub ov] :at y   
are go+ to copy1 s z to  prev5t ! pla/] 
/ick+ to x4    ,n[1 suppose x is an egg 
y want to copy4 ,y rub x all ov] ) y\r  
melt$ l>d1 & lay x d[n on ! piece (     
bo>d4 ,pack clay ar\nd x  z high up z ! 
middle ( ! egg1 & z f> out z half an in*
 f  ! wide/ "p4 ,y mu/ be p>ticul> ab\t 
n putt+ clay high]  ?an ! middle1       

because1 if y get ! clay too high1 y c't
 get !  egg out )\t break+ ! m\ld4      
,:5 y h ! clay ar\nd ! l[] half ( !     
model1 smoo? &  level x1 & pu% two pegs 
9 opposite corn]s1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ae4   
,n[  ar\nd ! :ole ?+ make a box or case 
( clay1 ) sides ris+ half  an in* high] 
?an ! model 7,fig4 #af74 ,mix pla/] (   
,p>is & wat]  toge!r till y h x l       
molasses on a w>m day2 p\r t into !     
clay box1 s t ! model is cov]$1 & !     
mixture ev5 ) ! top  ( ! box4    ,!     
pla/] w set1 or become h>d1 9 a little  
:ile1 & y !n  te> ! box away1 & take out
 ! model & pla/] toge!r1 leav+  ! fir/  
clay m\ld4 ,next put ! pla/] m\ld &     
model 9 a clay box  j z y did be=e1 &   
p\r pla/] ov] x1 fir/ greas+ !  model & 
upp] surface ( ! m\ld4 ,be=e p\r+ on !  
pla/]1 roll  a small piece ( clay 9 y\r 
f+]s1 & put x on ! model 7,fig4 #ag71  s
 t :5 y p\r pla/] ov] x1 a hole w be    
left 9 x ?r\gh  :i* y may p\r pla/] = ! 
f9al ca/4    ,= ! second "t te> away !  
clay box1 & g5tly sep>ate ! two  p>ts ( 

pla/] ( ,p>is2 take ! model out1 & y w h
 two  blocks ( pla/]1 :i*1 :5 br\ght    
toge!r1 w conta9 an exact  m\ld ( !     
model 7,fig4 #ah71 & "o block w h an    
op5+ 9  x ?r\gh :i* y c p\r pla/]4 ,be=e
 p\r+ 9 ! pla/]1  h[ev]1 be sure to     
grease ! insides ( ! m\ld4 ,!n put !    
p>ts  toge!r1 us+ ! pegs & holes z      
guides to a prop] fitt+1 & tie  firmly )
 a piece ( tw9e4 ,n[ p\r ! pla/] 91 & !n
 %ake  ! m\ld g5tly 9 ord] to make !    
mixture settle 9 all ! small]  crevices4
    ,illu/ration3 ,,pla/]-,,ca/+ ,,9    
,,g5]al    ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,fig4 #ai4      
,,fig4 #bj4    ,( c\rse :5 y sep>ate !  
p>ts ( ! m\ld n[ y w h a  p]fect ca/ (  
y\r model4 ,x w h a ?9 ridge runn+ ar\nd
 x  :]e ! m\ld 0 jo9$1 b t is easily    
rubb$ (f ) s&-pap]4    ,9 a m\ld made f 
a h& y proce$ 9 ab\t ! same way4 ,!     
great  ?+ is to f9d ! divid+ l9e 9 !    
model2 t is1 ! place :]e  ! p>ts ( !    
m\ld ought to jo94 ,9 ! egg x is easy   
en\gh1 =  y c divide x into two equal   
p>ts2 b y take a h&1 & y h  to make !   

l9e ar\nd ea* f+] j :]e x is broade/    
7,fig4 #ai71  & build ! clay up to t    
l9e4 ,! wri/-hole 9 a h&-m\ld makes  a  
good hole to p\r ! pla/] 9 7,fig4 #bj71 
&1 aft] all1 a h& is  easy to make4     
,^! simple directions %\ld make x easy =
 ! amateur modell]  to acquire ! fir/   
pr9ciples ( ! art4 ,!re are sev]al good 
compositions 9 :i* ! "y craftsman c "w  
besides pla/] (  ,p>is1 su* z 8,kiln    
,cem5t10 8,c>ton-pi]re10 8,papi]-ma*10  
8,pla/]  ,comp\nds10 8,artificial       
,m>ble10 & 8,concrete40      ,h[ to ,f9d
 & ,m\nt ,signets    ,!re is no?+       
pretti] or m attractive1 hang+ on !     
walls  ( "o's p>lor or *amb]1 ?an a gr\p
 ( signet impressions 9  seal+-wax (    
v>i\s colors1 arti/ically arrang$ &     
h&somely  m\nt$2 :ile ! pleasure to be  
d]iv$ 9 seek+ !m is q z  ke5 z t :i* !  
co9 or /amp hunt] enjoys1 )\t ! exp5se  
atta*$ to !m1 = our seals co/           
comp>atively no?+4 ,! outfit  is simple1
 consi/+ ( a doz5 /icks ( seal+-wax 9   
diff]5t  colors--black1 br[n1 r$1 gold1 

:ite1 & gre51 mak+ a *>m+  comb9ation ) 
any o!r %ades t take ! fancy ( !        
collector4  ,a light wood5 or /rong     
pa/ebo>d box to c>ry ! articles1 a box (
  mat*es1 a :ite tap] 7cut 9 half =     
conv5i5ce' sake71 &1 lat]  on1 a piece (
 /iff :ite c>d-bo>d 7#af  #bb1 #bb  #bh 
be+ good sizes7  to m\nt !m on4    ,keep
 9 ! bottom ( ! box conta9+ ! wax a doz5
 or m pieces  ( ?ick1 :ite1 unrul$      
writ+-pap] cut into ovals1 circul>1     
oblong1  & squ>e %apes1 v>y+ 9 size f   
"o-half in* 9 wid? to two  in*es 9 l5g?4
 ,?is is all t is requir$4 ,n[ = our    
hunt4 ,z y  meet fri5ds & acqua9tances1 
notice _! r+s & wat*-*>ms4 ,:5  any are 
discov]$ ) a figure1 cre/1 h&some       
monogram1 or initial on  x1 borr[ x1 &  
make y\r impression4 ,?is is accompli%$ 
by lay+  a piece ( y\r writ+-pap]1 at   
lea/ half an in* l>g] ?an !  seal to be 
us$1 on "s smoo? surface l a table4 ,!n 
take a /ick  ( wax betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+]
 ( ! "r h&2 ) ! left  h& a mat* or tap]1
 & br+ !m toge!r j on ! pap] :]e  ! wax 

melts suffici5tly to drop freely4 ,rub !
 end ( ! seal+-wax  quickly ov] ! middle
 ( ! pap]4 ,!n moi/5+ ! seal ) !  tongue
 to prev5t ! /one adh]+ to ! burn+ wax1 
press x firmly  into ! hot b$ prep>$ =  
x1 a second or s1 be+ c>eful to lift  x 
/raight up :5 tak5 (f1 ?us secur+ a     
clean edge4 ,if ?is is  prop]ly done a  
f9e impression ( y\r subject is secur$4 
,repeat ?is  op]ation sev]al times1 tak+
 diff]5t-color$ wax = duplicates1  :i* w
 enable y to make ex*ange ) o!r         
collectors1 :o are  unable to get ^!    
same figures1 b h o!rs n 9 y\r          
collection4          ,*apt] ,,xii       
,,pyrography      ,pyrography1 or       
fire-et*+1 is by no means a mod]n art1 b
 "o  t 0 practis$ _m c5turies ago bo? 9 
civiliz$ & b>b>\s  c\ntries4 ,9 ,europe1
 dur+ ! e>ly ages1 ?is "w 0 execut$ )  a
 pok] ins]t$ 9 ! fire & heat$ r$ hot2 b 
z ! iron mu/  h cool$ quickly1 ! task ( 
embelli%+ a panel 0 a t$i\s &  labori\s 
"o4    ,a k ( draw+ w be v helpful to ! 
"y pyrograph]1 z  ! object c be sket*$ 9

 lead-p5cil & foll[$ ) ! heat$  iron or 
plat9um-po9t4    ,( ! v>i\s mat]ials t  
may be us$ on :i* to et* ! ornam5t1     
wood & lea!r h be5 f\nd ! mo/           
satisfactory1 s9ce !y reta9  ! deep1 ri*
 br[n-&-black tones giv5 by ! heat$     
iron1 & yield  m readily "u ! tool ?an  
o!r mat]ials4    ,if wood is employ$1   
su* z oak1 bir*1 maple1 holly1 & *]ry1  
x %\ld be select$ ) a pretty gra9 & z   
free f knots  z possible2 b if lea!r is 
us$1 a good quality ( oak-tann$         
sole-lea!r w give ! be/ results2 al?\gh 
= light "w a  pleas+ effect c be _h by  
employ+ a /\t ,sude & et*+ on !  r\gh   
side4    ,! et*+-tools are few & simple1
 & are %[n 9 ! illu/rations4    ,fig4 #a
 depicts a set ( irons t c be made by a 
boy f pieces  ( r\nd iron a qu>t] ( an  
in* 9 diamet] & hav+ ! po9ts  fa%ion$ ) 
a file4 ,! ends ( ! irons c be ins]t$ 9 
file-h&les t may be pur*as$ at a h>dw>e 
/ore = a few c5ts  ea*4    ,illu/ration3
 ,fig4 #a4 ,fig4 #b4    ,a is a         
%>p-po9t$ iron = outl9+2 ,b is a        

r\nd-po9t$ "o =  broad] "w2 ,c is a /ub 
= bold "w1 & measures ?ree-eigh?s ( an  
in* 9 diamet]2 ,d is a curv$ backgr\nd  
tool1 & is us$ = burn+  9 ! gr\nds1 or  
%ad+1 9 ord] to make ! design /& out    
boldly4    ,) ^! tools & a _s-lamp &    
re/1 su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #b1  "s v good
 "w c be done2 & to complete ! set a    
%>p-edg$  eras] may be add$ to scrape   
away ! wood1 if p]*ance x %\ld h  be5   
t\*$ by mi/ake ) a hot iron4    ,to beg9
 )1 x is be/ to c>ry out a simple       
design--to decorate a  panel1 a draw]   
front1 or ! sides to a small wood5 box4 
,! patt]n  mu/ fir/ be drawn out 9 full 
size on a piece ( smoo? br[n pap]1  & !n
 transf]r$ to ! face ( ! wood by ! use (
 color$ or  black transf]-pap]1 %eets ( 
:i* c be _h at an art or /ation]y  /ore 
= a few c5ts ea*4    ,to reproduce !    
design1 lay ! transf]-pap] face d[n on !
 wood1  & ov] x ! draw+ face up2 p9 x   
fa/1 & g ov] all ! l9es  ) a lead-p5cil1
 be>+ d[n to impress !m on ! face ( !   
wood4  ,hav+ gone ov] all ! l9es1 unp9  

"o corn] & raise bo? %eets (  pap] to   
see t ! impression is good4 ,if n1      
replace ! pap] &  r$raw ! fa9t or unm>k$
 l9es4    ,fig4 #c is a simple &        
attractive design = ! embelli%m5t ( a   
panel1 ( a small draw]1 or z "o ( !     
sides to a box4    ,if ! tools %[n 9    
,fig4 #a are us$1 fill ! _s-lamp half   
full (  alcohol & light x1 !n place !   
po9t$ iron ,a on ! re/ 9 su* a  position
 t ! po9t w be envelop$ by ! blue flame1
 :]e1 aft]  rema9+ a m9ute1 x w become  
r$ hot4 ,remove x & trace ! l9es  9 !   
wood ) ! hot po9t until all ( !m h be5  
gone ov]1  & z a result ! wood w h !    
appe>ance ( ,fig4 #d4 ,! iron  w        
necess>ily require reheat+ cont9ually1 &
 to save "t x w\ld  be well to h two or 
?ree irons ( ea* %ape1 z !y co/ b a few 
c5ts1 & are easy to make4               
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,fig4 #d4       
,aft] ! outl9+ has be5 done1 ! backgr\nd
 %\ld be burn$ 9  ) ! curv$ iron ,d4    
,fig4 #e illu/rates ! mann] 9 :i* ?is   
may  be accompli%$2 ! left side is p>tly

 f9i%$1 & %[s ! simple  & effective mode
 ( l9+ or 8dragg+0 ! gr\nd4 ,! "r side  
is  a f9i%$ gr\nd1 :]e ! cross-/rokes   
may be se5 ) an occasional  oblique     
/roke to l5d add$ d5sity4 ,x is n always
 possible to  complete a gr\nd until !  
ornam5t is %ad$1 & :at may seem to be  a
 f9i%$ backgr\nd be=e ! %ad+ w sometimes
 aft]w>ds prove  too weak or flat1 & w  
necess>ily require go+ ov] 9 places to  
/r5g!n & d>k5 x4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 
#e4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4    ,fig4 
#f is a piece ( f9i%$ "w :]e ! ornam5t  
is %ad$ to give  x "*1 & :]e also !     
backgr\nd has be5 ret\*$ 9 "s  places to
 give x a /rong] feel+4 ,?is illu/ration
 is a good example  ( pyrography1 &     
gives ! relative tones ( high light &   
%ad[4    ,be=e beg9n+ on an ornam5tal   
piece ( "w1 x w\ld be well to  practise 
on cle> p9e or :ite-wood1 & to become   
dext]\s 9 !  use & manipulation ( !     
tools1 & to f9d ! ones be/ adapt$ to    
c]ta9 k9ds ( "w4 ,! r\nd-po9t$ tools ,b 
& ,c1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #a1  are good gr\nd]s1

 & :]e l>ge "w & bold patt]ns are c>ri$ 
out !y w be f\nd ( use4    ,z "s v f9e  
"w is possible 9 fire-et*+1 ! art c be  
appli$ 9 _m ways to decorate pieces (   
useful & ornam5tal  furniture ab\t !    
h\se4    ,*>m+ pictures c be produc$ on 
holly & :ite mahogany2 designs  ( fruit 
& fl[]s & conv5tional patt]ns may be    
appli$ to panels1  tables1 scre5s1      
frames1 glove & h&k]*ief boxes2 & on    
maple  b$room furniture designs 9       
pyrography l5d a pleas+ & arti/ic       
appe>ance4    ,:5 work+ on lea!r d n cut
 out ! =m until aft] ! "w is  f9i%$1 b  
p9 ! mat]ial flat on a bo>d to hold x   
firmly :ile  op]at+ ) ! hot irons4    ,!
 entire design %\ld be drawn on ! face (
 ! lea!r ) a s(t  lead-p5cil1 & aft]w>ds
 gone ov] ) ! burn+-po9ts4 ,:5 !  "w is 
complet$ ! piece ( lea!r %\ld be remov$ 
f ! bo>d1  & ! outl9e cut ) a %>p       
p5knife or a pair ( scissors4    ,x may 
be desirable to v>ni% & poli% "s        
specim5s1 & x is  possible to d s by    
coat+ ! surface ) a ?9 _s v>ni% or  ?9  

furniture poli%4 ,?is w br+ out ! d5sity
 ( ! burn$  l9es1 & enri* a design t on 
c]ta9 woods might seem flat4 ,too  mu*  
v>ni% mu/ be avoid$1 & only a v ?9 coat 
w be necess>y  to obta9 ! desir$ result4
      ,a ,plat9um-po9t ,outfit    ,9    
pref]5ce to ! h&-made irons1 :i* mu/ be 
heat$ ea* "t  be=e us+1 ! mod]n devotees
 ( ! fire-et*+ art use !  gasol5e lamp &
 plat9um-po9t app>atus4 ,^! outfits may 
be  pur*as$ at ! art %ops = a           
comp>atively small sum1 b ! "y          
craftsman may want to make 8 own        
app>atus4 ,) ! exception ( !            
plat9um-po9t & its metal hold]1 ?is is q
 possible4    ,! p>ts ( a gasol5e outfit
 are ! bulb1 rubb] tub+1  plat9um-po9t &
 h&le1 res]voir-bottle1 metal           
union-cork1 & a  _s-lamp4 ,! latt] may  
be pur*as$ at a drug or h>dw>e /ore =  a
 few c5ts2 b a good-work+ "o c be made f
 a squ>e or r\nd  bottle1 a cork ) a    
hole ?r\gh x to receive a piece ( brass 
tub+1  & a piece ( r\nd lamp-wick+4     
7,see ,fig4 #g74    ,heat a piece ( wire

 r$ hot1 & burn a hole ?r\gh ! cork l>ge
  en\gh to slip 9 a piece ( brass tub+ a
 qu>t] ( an in* 9  diamet]4 ,pass !     
lamp-wick ?r\gh ! tub+1 & all[ an in* or
  two ( wick+ to re/ at ! bottom ( !    
bottle4 ,?is lamp %\ld be  fill$ half   
full ( alcohol1 & x is us$ to heat !    
plat9um-po9t at  fir/2 aft] t ! ru% (   
gasol5e vapor w keep ! tool r$ hot4  ,! 
gasol5e res]voir is a squ>e bottle ) a  
fairly l>ge neck into  :i* is fitt$ !   
metal union-cork4 ,if x is n possible to
 pur*ase  ?is cork1 !n "o c be made z   
%[n at ,b 9 ,fig4 #h4    ,illu/ration3  
,,fig4 #g4 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,fig4 
#aj4 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,fig4     
#ac4 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,fig4 #af4
    ,f a solid piece ( lead "o & a half 
in*es long1 ?ree-qu>t]s (  an in* wide1 
& "o & a qu>t] in*es deep1 cut a lug1 ) 
a knife  & file1 hav+ two project+ e>s z
 %[n at ,c 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,! l[]  "p is    
half an in* 9 diamet] & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an
 in* long4 ,)  a hot iron burn a hole 9 
a cork s t ! l[] end ( ! lug w  fit )9  

x1 z %[n at ,d 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,) a small   
drill bore a hole 9  ! end ( ea* e>4 ,^!
 holes %\ld run ?r\gh t[>ds ! middle (  
! lug1 tak+ c>e1 h[ev]1 n to bore too   
f>1 s9ce ! holes mu/  n meet4 ,bore two 
holes up ?r\gh ! l[] "p ( ! lug s t  ea*
 w meet "o ( ! holes bor$ ?r\gh ! e>s1 z
 %[n by !  dott$ l9es at ,a 9 ,fig4 #h4 
,by ?is con/ruction ! air =c$ ?r\gh  a  
tube connect$ ) "o e> travels ?r\gh t e>
 & d[n into !  bottle2 !n up ?r\gh ! o!r
 hole & out at ! opposite e>1 :]e  ano!r
 tube is atta*$ t leads to !            
plat9um-po9t4 ,! end ( an  old syr+e c  
be us$ = ! supply bulb1 & = ! pressure  
bulb  !re is no?+ bett] ?an ! inn]      
bladd] ( a football1 if x c  be provid$ 
) an extra tube s t air may be =c$ 9 at 
"o end  :ile x is escap+ at ! o!r4 ,?is 
rubb] balloon c be inflat$ to  twice its
 normal size if c>e is tak5 n to bl[ x  
up too l>ge4 ,z a  precaution aga9/ its 
de/ruction1 x w\ld be well to make a    
protective  net f cotton /r+ ) a small  
me%4 ,?is is easily done by mak+ a  wire

 hoop ! diamet] ( ! bladd] :5 bl[n to   
its safe size2 !n  loop cotton /r+ ov]  
x1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #i1 & tie ! knots =m+  
! me%es z %[n at ! left side ( ! same   
draw+4 ,cont9ue !  "w until a cyl9drical
 net is =m$ ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es long]
  ?an ! size ( ! inflat$ bladd]4 ,) a   
draw-/r+ ! op5 ends  ( ! net c be drawn 
toge!r aft] ! bladd] is plac$ )9 x4  ,! 
outlet ( ! bladd] is connect$ by a rubb]
 tube to "o e> ( !  cork1 & ano!r tube  
leads f ! opposite e> to ! plat9um-po9t 
& hold]4    ,! hold] is simply a piece (
 brass tub+ at "o end ( :i* a  c\pl+ is 
made fa/4 ,?is tube is pu%$ ?r\gh a cork
 h&le1 or !  cov]+ c be made by burn+   
holes ?r\gh corks & slipp+ !m  ov] !    
tube1 at ! same "t us+ ?ick %ellac to   
act z a glue &  hold ! corks to ea* o!r 
& to ! brass tube4 ,! cork cov]+  %\ld  
be heavi] ne> ! po9t end1 because ! tube
 becomes hot f  ! sup]heat$             
plat9um-po9t4 ,?is h&le %\ld be         
?ree-qu>t]s  ( an in* 9 diamet]1 &      
gradually tap]$ to half an in* at !     

back1 z %[n at ,fig4 #aj4 ,! brass tube 
%\ld be five in*es long &  ! cork h&le  
ab\t f\r in*es 9 l5g?4 ,half an in* ( ! 
tube  projects beyond ! back1 or top1 ( 
! h&le1 & ov] ?is end a  piece ( rubb]  
tub+ is slipp$4 ,a complete outfit %\ld 
conta9 ?ree  po9ts--"o %>p1 "o r\nd1 &  
"o curv$4 ,^! c be pur*as$ at  almo/ any
 art /ore1 & %\ld appe> z %[n 9 ,fig4   
#aa1 ,a be+ !  %>p po9t1 ,b ! r\nd "o1  
or gr\nd]1 & ,c ! curv$1 %>p-end$  po9t 
t is us$ = f9e "w & light l9es 9 %ad+ or
 backgr\nd4    ,a good plat9um-po9t c be
 b\ght = "o doll> & a half2 b bett]     
ones w co/ all ! way f two doll>s to    
five4 ,if a boy has po9ts  ,b & ,c 9 8  
outfit1 he c d "s v good "w2 b %\ld x be
  possible to h "o only1 !n ! curv$ po9t
 ,c %\ld be ! *oice1  s9ce ) t tool     
almo/ ev]y?+ c be done4    ,! pr9ciple (
 ! gasol5e pyrographic outfit is v      
simple4 ,!  res]voir-bottle is fill$    
half full ( gasol5e1 or b5z9e 7#fb71    
:i* c be _h at a pa9t /ore = tw5ty-five 
c5ts a gallon4 ,!  union-cork /opp] is  

!n pu%$ d[n1 & ! plat9um-po9t screw$  9 
place at ! end ( ! h&le4 ,light !       
_s-lamp & hold !  plat9um-po9t 9 ! flame
 until x is *]ry-r$2 !n squeeze on !    
supply-bulb & fill ! pressure-bag4 ,!   
air =c$ ?r\gh ! fir/  section ( rubb]   
tub+ goes d[n ?r\gh "o hole 9 ! cork1   
picks  up "s gasol5e vapor f !          
res]voir-bottle1 & passes along !       
second section ( tub+ to ! po9t1 :]e x  
escapes ?r\gh a v  small hole at ! side4
 ,directly ! vapor rea*es ! flame x     
ignites1  & ! hot po9t is kept 9 its    
heat$ /ate s long z ! pressure (  ! bulb
 =ces ! gasol5e vapor out ?r\gh ! hole4 
,d n be> h>d on ! wood :5 work+4 ,!     
heat$ metal w *> !  wood easily if g5tle
 pressure & sev]al /rokes are us$4      
,po9ts ,a &  ,b 7,fig4 #aa7 c be us$ on 
all sides & on end1 b po9t ,c %\ld be   
us$ only on its curv$ edge1 z %[n at ,a 
9 ,fig4 #ab2 nev] z %[n at  ,b4    ,:5  
bo? h&s are ne$$ = ! "w ( hold+ !       
mat]ial &  tool1 a conv5i5t foot device 
c be made1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac4 ,?is  is a

 pressure-jack made f two bo>ds1 ! upp] 
"o be+ cut &  h+$1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,!  
bo>ds are twelve in*es long &  ?ree     
in*es wide1 ! %ort end ( ! top "o be+   
atta*$ to !  bottom plate ) glue &      
screws4 ,! wood %\ld be ?ree-qu>t]s or  
sev5-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick1 & x may be   
giv5 a coat ( %ellac or  v>ni% to       
improve its appe>ance4    ,if a con/ant 
supply ( air-pressure c be _h )\t !     
bo!rsome  h& or foot bulbs1 x makes x s 
mu* easi] to ma/] ! art (  pyrography4  
,any +5i\s boy :o has a foot pump1 su* z
 are us$ = bicycle or  automobile tires1
 c get an old boil] f a plumb] & rig up 
a  pressure-tank su* z is %[n at ,fig4  
#ad4 ,a small pressure-gauge %\ld  be   
screw$ fa/ on top ( ! boil]1 & two      
outlets ) brass cocks  %\ld be con/ruct$
 out ( "o-eigh?-in* gas-pipe1 ! fitt+s  
be+ pur*as$ at a gas-fitt]'s or a supply
 h\se4 ,by means ( !  pump compress$ air
 c be /or$ 9 ! tank1 & ! pressure w  be 
regi/]$ on ! gauge4 ,tw5ty to tw5ty-five
 p\nds w be q  en\gh pressure = an old  

boil]1 al?\gh sixty p\nds is ! /&>d  to 
:i* mo/ ( !m are te/$ :5 new4 ,!        
advantage ( ! two  outlet-pipes w be    
appreciat$ :5 work+1 because ea* c lead 
to  a diff]5t sort ( po9t1 & ?is w save 
! "t & bo!r (  *ang+ po9ts frequ5tly =  
diff]5t p>ts ( ! "w4      ,! ,practice (
 ,pyrography    ,basswood1 deal1 &      
:ite-wood are ! mat]ial mo/ commonly    
employ$  = ?is "w1 s9ce ! gra9 is close 
& ! color ev54 ,almo/  any s(t wood1    
h[ev]1 c be us$1 & ! boy :o has ma/]$ ! 
craft ( c>p5try c make 8 own boxes1     
frames1 /ools1 *airs1 &  miscellane\s   
wood5 objects1 & !n embelli% !m )       
designs drawn  9 lead-p5cil1 ! l9es (   
:i* x w be an easy task to foll[ )  !   
hot plat9um-po9t4    ,small             
picture-frames c be made f "o piece (   
wood1 b !y are  bett]1 & w la/ long]1 if
 made f two pieces4 ,= a small r\nd     
frame a pretty patt]n is %[n 9 ,fig4    
#ae4 ,?is c be made f six to  twelve    
in*es 9 diamet]1 & ! frame prop] %\ld be
 f two to  f\r in*es wide1 hav+ an op5+ 

= ! picture f two to f\r  in*es 9       
diamet]4 ,! easie/ way to make a frame  
is 9 two pieces1 z  %[n 9 ,fig4 #af1 !  
left side repres5t+ a n>r[ frame & ! "r 
a wid] "o4    ,f holly or basswood      
"o-eigh? or "o-qu>t] ( an in* ?ick cut  
a disk six in*es 9 diamet]1 & at !      
middle cut an op5+ ?ree  in*es 9        
diamet]4 ,/rike ! circle ) a compass2 !n
 use a fret-saw  to d ! cutt+4 ,f p9e or
 :ite-wood half an in* 9 ?ickness  cut a
 disk five & a half in*es 9 diamet] & at
 ! middle a hole  f\r in*es 9 diamet]4  
,lay ! ?9 disk d[n on a table1 & aft]   
apply+ glue to "o surface ( ! small] b  
?ick] disk place x1  glue-side d[n1 on !
 l>g] disk1 tak+ c>e to h ! gra9 ( !    
two pieces run 9 opposite directions4   
,see t ! disks are adju/$ s  t "o is    
c5tr$ directly ov] ! o!r2 !n impose a   
piece ( bo>d  on top ( ! frame1 & put   
fifte5 or tw5ty p\nds ( flat-irons or   
o!r heavy weights on ! bo>d to press !  
two wood pieces toge!r4  ,leave !m =    
sev]al h\rs2 !n remove ! weights & clean

 (f !  h>d glue t may h ooz$ out f      
betwe5 ! disks4 ,give ! back  ( ! frame 
two coats ( %ellac to prev5t ! wood f   
absorb+  moi/ure1 & x w !n be ready = ! 
design & ! pyrographic  ornam5tation4   
,by us+ ! two pieces ( wood1 a rabbet is
 !reby  =m$ = ! glass & picture4 ,if !  
frame _h be5 made f "o  piece x w\ld h  
necessitat$ ! cutt+ ( a rabbet4 ,!      
design (  holly leaves & b]ries is a    
pretty "o1 & q simple to draw &  burn4  
,a ,few ,sugge/ive ,designs    ,a long  
picture-frame ) ?ree oval op5+s is %[n 9
 ,fig4 #ag4 ,?is  is made f two pieces (
 wood1 z describ$ = ,fig4 #ae1 & !n     
embelli%$ ) ! design & pyrographically  
treat$4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4    
,,fig4 #ah4 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,,fig4 #bj4     
,,fig4 #ba4    ,9 ,fig4 #ah an idea = a 
/ool is %[n4 ,?is little piece (        
furniture  c be made ( :ite-wood by !   
boy :o has le>n$ to h&le tools4 ,!  legs
 are two in*es squ>e & fifte5 in*es     
high4 ,! side-bo>ds are  ea* twelve     
in*es long1 f\r in*es wide at ! ends1 & 

?ree in*es  at ! middle2 !y are ar*$ or 
cr[n$1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4  ,blocks ( wood 
are glu$ & screw$ to ! inn] edge ( ea*  
end1 &  ^! 9 turn are made fa/ to ! upp]
 p>ts ( ! legs4 ,! top is  sixte5 in*es 
squ>e1 ) ! corn]s cut out1 s t x w fit  
d[n  on ! top ( ! side-rails & betwe5 ! 
tops ( ! legs4 ,/rips (  wood           
?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* squ>e %\ld be glu$ 
& screw$ to !  "u side ( ! seat at ! f\r
 sides1 & ^! 9 turn mu/ be made  fa/ to 
! top inn] edges ( ! side-rails4        
,lea!r-"w    ,:5 embelli%+ lea!r1 select
 ! quality t is be/ adapt$ to           
pyrography4 ,x mu/ n be too ?91 z ! hot 
po9t w\ld quickly  p]=ate & cut x4      
,c[hide1 ,sude1 calf1 %eepsk91 heavy    
kids1 &  b9d+ lea!rs are be/ adapt$ to  
?is "w4 ,purses1 bags1 mats1  boxes1    
travell+-rolls1 & valises are made 9    
lea!rs t are  admirably adapt$ to       
pyrography1 & ^! %\ld be pur*as$ r  ?an 
made1 = lea!r-work+ is a craft t w\ld n 
int]e/ !  av]age boy4    ,an h]aldic    
patt]n = a small pigsk9 or c[hide purse 

is %[n 9 ,fig4  #ai1 & ,figs4 #ai1 #bj1 
& #ba are designs adapt$ to diff]5t k9ds
 (  purses1 wallets1 & bill-books4 ,x   
is1 ( c\rse1 impossible to lay d[n  any 
specific sizes = ^! patt]ns1 z ! sizes (
 lea!r goods v>y4    ,to improve !      
appe>ance ( floral patt]ns1 x is        
desirable to t9t  or /a9 fl[]s1 leaves1 
b]ries1 & /ems 9 _! natural colors4     
,?is c be done on ! unf9i%$ wood1 ei!r  
be=e or aft] !  outl9es & backgr\nd are 
burn$4 ,oil or anil9e /a9s may be us$ = 
?is purpose4 ,if a dead f9i% is desir$1 
! wood c be left )\t  fur!r treatm5t1   
except = a ?9 coat ( beeswax & turp5t9e4
 ,if  a glossy f9i% is pref]r$1 ! wood  
mu/ be treat$ to sev]al ?9  coats ( :ite
 %ellac2 !n a f9i%+ coat ( :ite         
damm>-v>ni%  is appli$ & left to dry =  
sev]al days4 ,! inside ( boxes %\ld  be 
8gr\nd$0 & %ellack$1 & at ! top & bottom
 pads made (  c>d-bo>d1 cotton-fill+1 & 
silk %\ld be glu$ fa/4          ,*apt]  
,,xiii    ,,bookb9d+ ,,&                
,,extra-,,illu/ration      ,!re mu/ be  

_m boys :o w\ld l to "k ! simple me?ods 
(  b9d+ books1 s t !y c d x )\t ! aid ( 
ma*9]y or  co/ly tools4 ,!y are probably
 aw>e t :5 ! mat]ial ( a book  comes f !
 h& ( ! pr9t]1 x consi/s ( a numb] (    
l>ge  %eets t are commonly tw5ty in*es  
long & fifte5 broad4 ,eight  pages ( !  
book are pr9t$ on ea* side ( a %eet 9   
su* a peculi>  ord] t :5 ! %eet is      
prop]ly fold$ ! pages w be correctly    
arrang$ by ! numb]+4 ,to see h[ ?is is1 
take a %eet ( pap]  t measures fifte5   
in*es by tw5ty4 ,) a rul] & p5cil draw  
l9es across ! %eet s z to divide x into 
eight equal p>ts4 ,ea* (  ^! p>ts is a  
page4 ,numb] !m z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,turn 
!m ov] &  numb] ! pages on ! o!r side z 
%[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,n[ to fold !  %eet1 lay
 x on ! table ) ! side up t has on x #b1
 #ae1 etc42  br+ page #c ov] ^u page #b1
 creas+ ! %eet 9 ! middle4 ,!n !  f\r   
pages ly+ upw>d w be numb]$ #d1 #ac1    
#ab1 #e4 ,br+ page #e ov]  on page #d1 &
 crease 9 ! middle aga94 ,pages #h & #i 
w n[ lie  upw>d4 ,fold #i ov] on #h1 & !

 %eet w be fold$ z x %\ld be1  & is n[  
call$ a signature4 ,9 a book !re may be 
tw5ty or ?irty1  or m su* signatures1   
:i* are numb]$ s t ! b9d] w "k  9 :at   
ord] to place !m4 ,^! numb]s are plac$  
at ! bottom (  ! fir/ page 9 ea*        
signature4      ,! ,tools    ,be=e      
beg9n+ ! "w ( b9d+1 a few prep>ations   
mu/ be made1  & fir/ ( all a press is   
indisp5sable4 ,?is is v easily made4    
,take two pieces ( bo>d1 ( "s           
close-gra9$ h>d-wood1 ab\t "o  & a qu>t]
 in*es ?ick & a little l>g] ?an any book
 y are  likely to und]take to b9d4      
,eighte5 by tw5ty in*es w be f\nd  ! mo/
 useful size4 ,lay y\r bo>ds toge!r1 & )
 an in* aug]  bore ?r\gh bo? ?ree holes 
at ea* end ( ! bo>ds ab\t an  in* back f
 ! edge4 ,n[ make six pegs (            
h>d-wood--:ite oak is  excell5t--ab\t   
six in*es long1 & fit !m tightly into "o
 ( y\r  two bo>ds1 on "o side ( x2 t is1
 ! pegs %\ld all /& out  at "o side4    
7,fig4 #d47 ,:5 ?is is done1 c>efully "w
 d[n ! size  ( ! pegs until !y w pass   

freely ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! o!r  bo>d1 s t 
! two bo>ds may be sep>at$ or br\ght    
close toge!r  z requir$4 ,! loose or    
movable bo>d 7,fig4 #e7 %\ld be fitt$ ) 
a  back/ay or two1 s t x w /& edgewise  
on a table1 & ! two  bo>ds toge!r w ?us 
=m a sort ( upright press or vise4      
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,practice ,,(        
,,bookb9d+    ,fig4 #a4 ,fig4 #b4 ,fig4 
#c4 ,fig4 #d4 ,fig4 #e4    ,9 ord] to   
furni% y\r press ) p[]1 y mu/ n[ pass   
f\r l>ge  iron 8wood-screws0 loosely    
?r\gh ! blank out] edge ( ! movable     
bo>d into holes 9 ! correspond+ edge ( !
 o!r bo>d1 :]e !y  %\ld 8bite40 ,:5 a   
book is put into ! press x is a v easy  
matt]  to tight5 ! screws s z to hold x 
firmly4 ,?is simple1 inexp5sive1  &     
easily made press may be improv$ 9 v>i\s
 ways2 screws )  w+$ nuts may be us$1   
etc41 b 9 its simple/ =m x w be f\nd    
suffici5t = all ! dem&s ! amateur b9d]  
is likely to make on x4    ,next 9      
importance to ! press is ! hamm]1 & ?is 
is ! only tool  y w be likely to h to   

buy4 ,x %\ld be heavy1 weigh+ at lea/   
twelve or f\rte5 p\nds1 & %\ld be r\nd$ 
at ! ends4 ,?is is  us$ = beat+ &       
compress+ ! books1 %ap+ _! backs1 etc4  
,if y live ne> a f\ndry x is q easy to  
make a model ( wood or  clay & h a hamm]
 ca/4 ,9 any case1 x is n an exp5sive   
tool--any  blacksmi? c hamm] "o out 9 a 
%ort "t4    ,! glue-pot may be almo/ any
 little crock]y di%1 b x %\ld nev]  be  
put on ! /ove4 ,if y h no regul>        
glue-pot1 y c melt y\r  glue 9 an old   
cup plac$ 9 a saucepan ( boil+ wat]4    
,besides ! press1 hamm]1 & glue-pot1 y  
mu/ h a pair ( scissors  & a few simple 
b %>p-cutt+ tools4 ,:5 ^! ?+s are all   
prep>$ y are ready to b9d y\r book4     
,! ,practice ( ! ,art    ,aft] remov+   
ev]y?+ t is n to be includ$ 9 y\r       
volume1  place ! 8signatures0 or p>ts   
toge!r 9 regul> ord]1 /rik+ !  backs    
g5tly on ! table or b5* to get !m ev54  
,!n place !m on  a block & beat ) !     
hamm] s z to flatt5 & compress !m z  mu*
 z possible4 ,!n !y %\ld be put v       

c>efully into ! press  & ! screws       
tight5$ firmly1 s z to hold ! volume    
/eady4 ,!  back %\ld project ab\t "o in*
 above ! edge ( ! press4 ,n[1 )  a      
common h&-saw1 cut f\r slits across !   
back at regul> int]vals1  n deep] ?an ! 
tee? ( ! saw4 ,take ! book f ! press1 & 
into ea* ( ^! slits or nicks lay a piece
 ( /\t cord or tw9e 7n  too ?ick71 & to 
^! cords all ! signatures =m+ ! book mu/
  be fa/5$ ) pack-?read4 ,a necess>y aid
 to ?is sew+ process is  a small squ>e  
frame ( light wood4 ,! cords mu/ be ti$ 
to ?is bel[  & above1 z %[n at ,fig4 #c1
 & ! l[] "p ( ! frame mu/ be            
suffici5tly broad & flat = ! book to lie
 ^u x4 ,aft] ! cords  are laid into or  
pass$ ?r\gh _! respective nicks1 y mu/  
op5 !  leaves regul>ly & f9d ! middle ( 
ea* signature1 & !n pass1  ) a ne$le1 ! 
pack-?read along ! inside1 b twi/+ x    
ar\nd  ea* cord 9 succession z y g      
along1 mak+ x fa/ at ! end )  a hit* or 
knot4 ,?is is mu* easi] ?an x s\nds1 & )
 a little  practice may be done v       

quickly4 ,:5 y h f9i%$ ! sew+ cut  away 
! cords1 leav+ an in* & a half or s on  
ea* side1 :i* is  left to make !        
atta*m5t to ! cov]4 ,?is completes !    
fir/ /age  ( ! b9d+4    ,! book mu/ n[  
be replac$ 9 ! press1 & its back cov]$ )
 a  good coat ( glue melt$ 9 ! mann]    
already describ$4 ,leave x 9  ! press   
until ! glue is ?or\ghly dry4 ,9 ! mean 
"t measure !  bread? ( ! back & g ahead 
) ! prep>ation ( y\r cov]1  :i* may be  
made z foll[s3    ,cut two pieces ( ?9  
pa/ebo>d a little l>g] ?an y\r book4    
,also  cut a piece ( clo?--calico1 l951 
or musl9--s mu* l>g] ?an bo?  pieces (  
pa/ebo>d ei!r way z to all[ = ! back & !
 turn+  94 ,d[n ! middle ( ?is pa/e ?ree
 or f\r /rips ( ! same goods  to /r5g!n 
! back4 ,c>efully measure ! l5g? &      
bread? ( !  back1 & lay y\r pa/ebo>d    
cov]s on ! table1 leav+ ! space (  !    
back betwe5 !m4 ,n[ put on y\r clo?1    
turn+ x ar\nd ! edges  ( ! cov]s1       
c>efully avoid+ creas+ or wr9kl+1 &     
lightly  glue x fa/ z %[n at ,fig4 #aj4 

,y\r cov] is n[ made & mu/ be  all[$ to 
dry4 ,next take y\r book f ! press1     
unravel & s(t5  ! project+ ends ( !     
cord1 & wet !m ) /rong glue4 ,lay !     
book d[n c>efully on its back into !    
cov] & glue d[n ! cords to  ! sides4 ,! 
book %\ld be support$ 9 ?is position1   
:i* c be  done 9 any numb] ( ways1 & a  
slip ( clo? glu$ d[n ov] ! cords  to    
hold !m /eady4 ,!n pa/e ov] all ?is a   
%eet ( :ite or fancy  pap] to l9e ea*   
cov]1 & :5 ! job is dry y\r "w is done4 
,no?+ has be5 said ab\t cutt+ ! edges ( 
! book1 z t is  usually done on a ma*9e2
 b if y are able to trim !m clean )  a  
%>p knife1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,to d ?is1    
place ! book into  ! press be=e putt+ on
 ! cov]1 br++ up ea* edge ( !  ?ree     
expos$ ones successively1 & :ile held   
!re firmly1 cut !m  c>efully ) a %>p    
knife or %oemak]'s cutt+-tool4 ,any     
little  inequalities may aft]w>ds be    
tak5 d[n ) s&-pap]4 ,! edges  :5 cut may
 be spatt]$ ) any color desir$ by us+ a 
common  too?-bru% & wat]-colors4        

,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #aj4    
,to put on ! title 9 gilt lett]s1 ! b9d]
 applies a little ( !  :ite ( an egg ov]
 ! space :]e ! lett]s are to be4 ,:5 ?is
 is  dry1 rub ! lea!r ) a rag slightly  
greas$1 & !n lay on !  gold-leaf4 ,next 
take common type us$ by pr9t]s1 heat !m 
a little1  & /amp on ! lett]s4 ,! heat  
makes ! gold-leaf /ick :]e x is  want$1 
& ! re/ is rubb$ (f ) a rag4 ,all ! gilt
 ornam5tation  on book cov]s may be put 
on 9 a simil> mann]4    ,to get a cle>  
und]/&+ ( ^! directions ! boy craftsman 
%\ld  exam9e diff]5t k9ds ( books v     
closely2 & if he has an old &  valueless
 "o he c take x to pieces & put x toge!r
 aga94 ,p]haps  he c improve its        
condition4 ,at lea/ he w le>n "s ( !    
m9or  details4 ,he mu/ rememb] t 9      
bookb9d+1 z 9 all o!r arts1  pati5ce &  
repeat$ trials are requisite = acquir+ !
 skill t  produces neat & h&some "w4    
,reb9d+ ,books    ,x is n always        
possible = a boy to pur*ase clo?-b\nd   
volumes (  8 favorite au?ors1 z !y co/ q

 a little money4 ,b he may (t5  procure 
!m 9 pap] cov]s1 & if he is c>eful to   
select /it*$  books1 r ?an ^? simply    
caught toge!r ) wire or 8wire  sew$10 z 
!y are t]m$1 x w be possible = him to   
reb9d !m 9  clo? at a slight exp5se4    
,to beg9 )1 /rip (f ! pap] cov]1 tak+   
c>e n to te> !  pr9t$ title on ! cov]1  
nor t at ! back ( ! book1 if x is       
possible to save x4 ,bo? ( ^! w be      
useful 9 ! reb\nd volume4  ,) a p5knife 
& s&-pap] remove z mu* z possible ( !   
pap]  cov] t has be5 glu$ to ! back ( ! 
book1 tak+ c>e n to cut  away any ( !   
/it*+2 o!rwise ! book w\ld fall ap>t4 ,!
 book  9 ?is condition1 ready = its     
8case0 or cov]1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,if  
! signatures h be5 caught toge!r ) wire1
 remove ! latt]  ) a pair ( pli]s2 !n   
sew ! pages z already describ$4 ,get two
  pieces ( :ite pap] ! same ?ickness &  
quality ( :i* ! book is  made1 & fold !m
 ov] once1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,) pa/e or 
liquid  glue atta* "o at ea* side ( !   
book by runn+ ! pa/e along "o  side ( ! 

fold$ edge ( pap] = a qu>t] ( an in*1 z 
%[n by  ! %ad$ l9e 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,?is is  
call$ 8tipp+10 & :]e a page  or two h   
become deta*$ or n prop]ly b\nd 91 ?is  
me?od is  employ$ to reset x4    ,:5 ^! 
pages are 9 place1 trim !m s z to       
correspond to ! size  ( ! book2 !n glue 
! back ( ! book well & atta* a piece  ( 
cra% to ! back z %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,! cra%
 %\ld be a trifle  %ort] ?an ! height ( 
! book1 or ab\t half an in* at ea* end1 
& !re %\ld be at lea/ an in* ( ! mat]ial
 on ei!r side (  ! book1 z %[n 9 !      
illu/ration4 ,?is mat]ial is kn[n z     
8cra%0  9 ! bookb9d+ trade1 b x is no?+ 
m ?an a co>se-?read  clo? ) op5 me%1 & x
 is sold 9 dry-goods /ores "u ! "n  (   
cr9ol9e4    ,f clay-bo>d or /iff        
c>d-bo>d1 b9d]s' bo>d1 or /rawbo>d1 cut 
two pieces an eigh? ( an in* wid] & a   
qu>t] ( an in* long]  ?an ! actual size 
( ! book4 ,^! are = ! front & back      
corn]s4 ,lay ! b9d+ mat]ial--buckram1   
clo?1 or lea!r--on a table  or smoo?    
bo>d face d[n4 ,n[1 ) a lead-p5cil1 m>k 

two p>allel  l9es ?r\gh ! middle1 z f>  
ap>t z ! ?ickness ( ! book plus  !      
?ickness ( ! cov]s1 z %[n at ,a ,a 9    
,fig4 #i4 ,!n m>k a l9e  across "o end  
at "r angles to ^!1 z %[n at ,b4 ,apply 
glue to !  cov]+ mat]ial & place !      
c>d-bo>ds on ! spaces ,c ,c1 s t  ! inn]
 edge & top ( ea* bo>d w l9e ) !        
p5cil-m>ks ,a  & ,b4 ,press ! bo>ds d[n 
) ! f+]s2 !n turn ! clo? &  bo>ds ov] & 
press ) a dry clo?1 rubb+ ov] ! surface 
to drive  d[n ! clo? 9 any place :]e x  
does n seem to h adh]$4 ,)  scissors or 
a knife cut (f ! corn]s z %[n at ,d1    
tak+ c>e n to  approa* too close to !   
corn] ( ! bo>ds4 ,leave ab\t "o-eigh?  (
 an in* ( clo? beyond ! corn]s1 s t x w 
cov] !m :5  ! edges ( ! clo? are turn$  
ov]4 ,^! edges %\ld be ab\t half  an in*
 9 wid?4 ,aft] apply+ glue to !m1 lap !m
 ov] on !  c>d-bo>ds1 z %[n at ,fig4    
#aj1 & rub !m ) ! s(t clo? to  drive out
 all air f betwe5 ^! edges & ! bo>ds4   
,illu/ration3 ,,reb9d+ ,,an ,,old ,,book
    ,,fig4 #g4 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4    

,,fig4 #aa4    ,:5 ! f\r sides are      
f9i%$1 ! cov] or case is ready to       
receive  ! book4 ,lay ! case op5 on a   
table1 j z y see x 9 ,fig4 #aj1  & apply
 glue to ! space betwe5 ! c>d-bo>ds1 &  
also on !  c>d-bo>ds = an in* or s f !  
inn] edges4 ,n[ take ! book  9 h&1 &    
place x s t ! back w re/ on ! space (   
clo?  betwe5 ! bo>ds1 leav+ an equal    
projection ( ! cov] above &  bel[ !     
bo>d1 or ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in*4 ,) !   
f+]s press  ! project+ flaps ( cra% d[n 
on ! glu$ surface ( ! c>ds  at ei!r side
 ( ! book2 !n lift bo? cov]s up to !    
sides (  ! book 7/ill all[+ x to re/ on 
its back71 & ) bo? h&s  press ! cov]s   
toge!r z h>d z y c4 ,hold x 9 ?is       
position  = a few seconds2 !n c>efully  
lay ! book on its side & place a        
flat-iron ^u x = five m9utes4    ,at !  
end ( ?is "t c>efully lift "o cov] &    
apply glue or pa/e  to ! fir/ fly-leaf  
7t is "o ( ! pages y tipp$ 971 & press  
x aga9/ ! inside ( ! cov]1 tak+ c>e1    
h[ev]1 n to all[  ! pap] to wr9kle4     

,turn ! book ov] & repeat ?is on ! o!r  
side2 !n replace ! flat-iron & leave !  
book "u pressure =  a day or two2 or1   
bett] yet1 arrange x 9 betwe5 !         
pressure-bo>ds  describ$ = ,figs4 #d &  
#e1 & leave x !re ov]night4    ,if !    
fir/ page has adh]$ to ! glue ab\t !    
edges ( ! cra%1  x w be necess>y to     
c>efully pull x away1 tak+ c>e n to te> 
?is fir/ page or l9+ %eet1 nor to di/urb
 ! cra%4 ,if liquid  glue is us$1 x w n 
set h>d en\gh 9 ! five m9utes to r5d]  x
 impossible to remove ! pap]4 ,if hot   
glue is employ$1 x w n  be necess>y to  
close ! book & press x1 = ! glue w set v
  quickly1 & ! fir/ & la/ pages may be  
pa/$ & laid ov] !  inside ( ! cov]s at  
once1 s t :5 plac$ "u pressure & left   
!re ! cra%1 glue1 & pa/e c set & dry at 
! same "t4    ,! object ( pa/+ ! blank  
pages to ! inside ( ! cov]s is to  make 
a good f9i% to ! b9d+1 & also to l5d    
additional /r5g?  to ! atta*m5t ( book &
 case4 ,fancy end-pap]s & ri*ly t9t$  or
 color$ ones are (t5 us$ z l9+s1 z y c  

see 9 _m books4  ,^! are always tipp$ 9 
z describ$1 s t !y w be ! fir/  & la/   
pages 9 ! book4    ,f ! pap] cov] 7:i* y
 remov$ f ! book be=e b9d+ x7  cut !    
title1 &1 ) glue1 apply x to ! front    
cov] ne> ! top1  z %[n 9 ! illu/ration (
 ! f9i%$ book 7,fig4 #aa74 ,if ! back   
title has be5 pres]v$ t c be pa/$ along 
! back4      ,h[ to ,extra-illu/rate a  
,book    ,e "o kn[s h[ mu* m int]e/+ is 
an illu/rat$ book ?an  "o )\t pictures4 
,:at a satisfaction x w\ld be to u if we
 c\ld  illu/rate our favorite books     
ourselves6 ,:at pleasure we w\ld take  9
 x6 ,?is is entirely possible4 ,x is a  
comp>atively easy matt]  to illu/rate a 
book1 or1 9 ! case ( a book t already   
conta9s  pictures1 to ext5d & increase !
 illu/ration by means ( old pr9ts1      
engrav+s1 & pictures ga!r$ f v>i\s      
s\rces1 & b\nd 9 )  ! leaves ( ! book4  
,?is is call$ 8extra-illu/rat+10 & has  
long  be5 a favorite amusem5t (         
collectors4    ,a book t is c>efully &  
judici\sly extra-illu/rat$ is n  only   

mu* m attractive 9 appe>ance1 b its     
value is greatly  increas$1 & ! am\nt ( 
pleasure & in/ruction to be ga9$ by !   
extra-illu/ration ( "o book is a ri*    
rew>d = ! tr\ble & "t  x co/s4    ,!    
fir/ ?+ to be done 9 ! extra-illu/ration
 ( a book :i*  has be5 select$ = !      
purpose is ! collection ( ! pictures4   
,?is w (t5 take "s "t1 & %\ld nev] be   
done 9 a hurry4  ,old magaz9es &        
illu/rat$ pap]s w supply _m ( ! necess>y
  pictures1 :ile old books & ! %ops     
devot$ to ! sale ( old pr9ts  & engrav+s
 w furni% o!rs4    ,suppose ,! ,?ree    
,muskete]s to be ! book *os54 ,a        
portrait (  ! au?or %\ld be select$ = a 
frontispiece4 ,o!r portraits1  repres5t+
 ! au?or at diff]5t ages1 may be us$ 9 !
 book2 b  t :i* s]ves z ! frontispiece  
%\ld be "o made ab\t ! "t  he wrote !   
book4    ,! o!r illu/rations %\ld consi/
 ( pictures ref]r+ z ne>ly z  possible  
to ! sc5es & incid5ts describ$ 9 ! /ory4
 ,pictures (  an au?or's home or        
portraits ( memb]s ( 8 family are always

 useful2  b no picture1 h[ev] int]e/+ 9 
itself1 %\ld be includ$ if x  does n be>
 directly ^u ! sc5es 9 ! book1 or is n 9
 "s way  connect$ ) ! au?or4    ,:5 a   
suffici5t numb] ( illu/rations h be5    
select$1 !y %\ld  be m\nt$ ready = b9d+4
 ,?is is ! difficult "p1 & mu/ be  done 
) great c>e4    ,take a %eet ( /rong    
pap]1 z ne>ly z possible ! same color & 
weight z ! pap] ^u :i* ! book is pr9t$1 
& cut x ! exact  size ( ! page ( ! book4
 ,!n trim y\r pr9t close to ! "w1  be+  
c>eful to see t ! edges are p]fectly    
/raight4 ,cut out f  y\r %eet ( pap] a  
hole exactly ! %ape ( ! pr9t1 b an eigh?
  ( an in* small] on all sides4 ,?is    
op5+ %\ld n be exactly 9  ! middle ( !  
page1 b a little above ! middle & a     
little to !  left1 s z to give wid]     
m>g9s at ! bottom & on ! "r4 ,n[ gum  or
 pa/e ! edges ( ! pr9t on ! "u side )   
great c>e1 &  place x ov] ! op5+ s t x  
is ev5 on all sides4 ,z !re is  a       
diff]5ce ( only a sixte5? ( an in* on ! 
f\r sides1 x is a  delicate matt] to    

place ! pr9t on ! m\nt accurately1 b    
aft] a  little practice x c be done q   
easily & quickly4    ,aft] ! pr9ts are  
m\nt$1 !y %\ld be press$ until dry4 ,!n 
! cov] ( ! book %\ld be c>efully remov$ 
) ! aid ( a  %>p knife4 ,nev] m9d ab\t  
ru9+ ! blank pages or fly-leaves1 =  !y 
w be replac$ by ! b9d] :5 he puts ! cov]
 on aga92  b c>e %\ld be tak5 to avoid  
cutt+ or te>+ any ( ! pr9t$  pages4 ,:5 
! cov] is remov$1 x w be f\nd t ! book  
is put  toge!r 9 sections laid "o on top
 ( ano!r4 ,^! sections consi/  ( sixte5 
or "s o!r numb] ( pages ea*1 & a section
 is kn[n 9  a pr9t+-(fice z a           
8signature40 ,! ?reads t sew ! book %\ld
  be cut1 & ! signatures %\ld be        
c>efully sep>at$ f ea* o!r4    ,!n !    
m\nt$ pr9ts %\ld be laid 9 z ne>ly z    
possible opposite  ! incid5ts !y        
illu/rate4 ,! pr9ts %\ld always be      
ins]t$ face  up1 & ! sidewise full pages
 ) ! bottom ( ! picture t[>ds  ei!r !   
outside or inside m>g9 ( ! book4 ,n[ y\r
 book is ready  = ! b9d]4 ,p]haps y\r   

extra-illu/ration has be5 s ext5sive z  
to increase ! bulk ( ! book s mu* t !   
orig9al cov] w n  g on aga91 & p]haps   
en\gh has be5 add$ to make ! "o volume  
into two1 9 :i* case y\r b9d] c supply y
 ) simple cov]s at  a v slight exp5se4  
,books ( travel1 or /ories ( hunt+1     
fi%+1 etc41 may be beautifully          
illu/rat$ by photographs4 ,unm\nt$ pr9ts
 are to be desir$1 al?\gh  x is possible
 to take pr9ts (f m\nts by a lib]al     
soak+ 9 w>m  wat]4 ,! s(t-f9i%$         
photographs1 su* z bromide & plat9um    
pr9ts1 are va/ly bett] ?an ! %9y album5 
pr9ts4    ,photographs %\ld be m\nt$ 9 !
 same way z o!r pr9ts1 except  t no     
op5+s are to be made 9 ! m\nts4 ,! pr9ts
 %\ld be  pa/$ on flat & press$ until   
dry4 ,album5 pr9ts h a t5d5cy to  curl  
up1 & x w require a pretty /iff pap] to 
keep !m flat4  ,?is is "o ( ! reasons :y
 plat9um or bromide pr9ts are s mu*     
bett]4 ,:5 album5 pr9ts are us$ !y mu/  
be m\nt$ wet1 &  %\ld aft]w>ds be       
burni%$1 :i* c be done by any           

pr(essional  photograph]4 ,an amateur   
photograph] c h ! fun 9 _m cases (  mak+
 ! pictures himself = ! book he wants to
 extra-illu/rate1  & ! f9i%$ "w w h an  
add$ int]e/ & value to him4    ,! use ( 
photographs1 especially if _m are       
includ$1 w greatly  increase ! ?ickness 
( a book1 & x w g5]ally be f\nd         
advisable to h ! b9d] make x into two   
volumes ( equal size4      ,a ,circulat+
 ,libr>y    ,9 a small t[n1 or 9 a      
resid5tial section ( a city :]e mo/ ( ! 
"y p are acqua9t$ ) "o ano!r1 a         
circulat+ libr>y may  be =m$ at a nom9al
 co/4 ,?is c be done 9 two ways3 ! fir/ 
plan  is = ! memb]s to contribute !     
books--f "o to t5 volumes--z may  be    
agre$ ^u4 ,_m p hesitate to l5d books1  
because !y 8fly  (f & nev] come home to 
roo/10 b by ! circulat+-libr>y sy/em    
law & ord] c be ma9ta9$4 ,"o ( ! mo/    
successful libr>ies (  ?is k9d 0 c>ri$  
on = a numb] ( ye>s 9 a ,new ,york t[n4 
,!  "y p1 9 due "t1 became m>ri$ m5 &   
wom51 b ?r\gh !  association ( ! libr>y 

!y cont9u$ to hold toge!r l a great  big
 family4    ,a regul> set ( by-laws 7   
e/abli%$ & liv$ up to4 ,books c\ld be   
drawn ea* week1 on a day set = ?is      
purpose4 ,a libr>ian 0 select$1  & 9 8  
h\se ! bookcase 0 locat$4 ,!re 7 ?ree   
locks on !  case4 ,! key ( "o 0 held by 
! libr>ian1 ano!r by ! presid5t1  & !   
?ird by ! secret>y & treasur]4 ,regul>  
dues 7 assess$  on ea* memb]--twelve    
c5ts a ye> at fir/2 !n fifty-two c5ts1 &
  f9ally "o doll>4 ,books kept ov] two  
weeks 7 *>g$ = at !  rate ( "o c5t a    
week1 d\bl+ ea* week = f\r weeks4 ,?is  
f9e  made x imp]ative = ! subscrib]s to 
return books at ! end (  ?ree weeks or  
suff] a heavy p5alty4    ,ano!r popul>  
s*eme 0 c>ri$ out by ! *ildr5 9 !       
,gl5wood  section ( ,great] ,new ,york4 
,!y held a fair "s ye>s ago1 & made  q a
 little money4 ,!y !n pur*as$ pap]-cov]$
 books by good  au?ors & reb\nd !m 9    
clo?4 ,a bookcase 0 con/ruct$ t held    
ov] "o hundr$ volumes1 & ! same         
co-op]ative plan 0 inaugurat$  t has j  

be5 describ$4          ,*apt] ,,xiv     
,,magic ,,lant]ns ,,& ,,/]eopticons     
,boys :o h cam]as1 & :o h made good     
collections ( views1  portraits1 & o!r  
int]e/+ pictures1 may f9d a great deal (
  pleasure 9 ent]ta9+ fri5ds )          
/]eopticon exhibitions (  _! "w4 ,!     
necess>y plates & mat]ials may be       
pur*as$ at  any cam]a or photographic   
supply /ore1 & ) a little pati5t        
practice excell5t lant]n slides may be  
made4 ,a good magic lant]n or           
/]eopticon is a luxury1 b = ! ambiti\s  
boy !re is a way to  make "o at home ) b
 little outlay ( money beyond ! co/ ( ! 
l5ses & lamp4      ,a ,home-made ,magic 
,lant]n    ,a box1 "s ?9 bo>ds1 an      
ord9>y c5tral-draught or duplex-burn]   
lamp1 a reflector1 "s nails & screws1 a 
pair ( cond5s+-l5ses1  & a projector are
 ! mat]ials necess>y4    ,make a box (  
half-in* wood1 twelve in*es long1 elev5 
in*es high1  & sev5 in*es wide1 outside 
measure4 ,cut a r\nd hole f\r &         
?ree-f\r?s in*es 9 diamet] at ! front ( 

! box1 ! middle (  ! hole be+ eight     
in*es above ! inside bottom4 ,make a    
door at !  back ( ! box1 & fa/5 a       
reflector j opposite ?is hole4    ,cut a
 hole 9 ! top ( ! box = a lamp-*imney to
 come ?r\gh4 ,nail  a piece ( half-in*  
wood eight in*es long to ! front ( ! box
 ?ree  in*es f ! bottom 7see ,fig4 #a74 
,we w call ?is ! deck4 ,fa/5 a  piece ( 
wood f\rte5 in*es long & f\r in*es wide 
on ei!r side (  ! box & deck-piece 7see 
,fig4 #b74 ,p]=ate ! bottom ( ! box )   
holes half an in* 9 diamet]1 to af=d !  
necess>y draught to !  lamp4 ,elevate ! 
box on two cross-/icks an in* wide 7see 
,fig4 #b ,b ,b74    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #a4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,fig4 #d4   
,,fig4 #e4 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #g4    ,f  
an optician or cam]a supply h\se obta9 a
 pair ( f\r-in*  cond5s]s m\nt$ 9 a     
brass b>rel1 & a qu>t]-size projector ) 
a rack & p9ion4 ,m\nt ! cond5s]s 9 !    
hole 9 front ( ! box1  support$ by means
 ( a block 7,fig4 #c71 fa/5$ on ! inside
 front (  ! box 7see ,fig4 #d74    ,9   

ord] to adapt ! focus ( ! l5ses accord+ 
to ! di/ance !  lant]n is f ! scre51 a  
slid+ front is necess>y 7see ,fig4 #e74 
,cut a base-block scant sev5 in*es wide 
& six in*es long1 fa/5+  to x1 ?ree &   
"o-half in*es f ! front1 an upright     
piece ( wood  high en\gh to be ev5 ) !  
top ( ! lant]n-box4 ,:5 ! base is  re/+ 
on ! deck 9 front ( ! box two small     
angle-brackets w  /eady ! upright & make
 x rigid 7see ,fig4 #e74 ,cut a hole 9  
?is  upright bo>d s t ! c5tre ( !       
projector m\nt$ 9 x l9es  exactly ) !   
c5tre ( ! cond5s+-l5ses4 ,?is is an     
important  po9t2 if ! l5ses are n       
c>efully m\nt$ opposite "o ano!r !      
picture w n be cle>4 ,n[ fit a piece (  
wood "o-f\r? ( an in*  9 front ( ! ma9  
box1 fa/5+ x at ! top ) a /rip ( t94    
,!re mu/ be a hole ?ree in*es squ>e cut 
9 ?is bo>d1 ! middle  ( :i* mu/ l9e ) ! 
c5tre ( cond5s+-l5s4 ,9 ! op5+  betwe5  
?is bo>d & ! box slip a ?9 piece ( bo>d 
= ! slides  to re/ on4 ,set a d\ble-wick
 lamp or c5tral-draught burn] )9 !  box 

at ! prop] height1 s t ! brighte/ "p ( !
 flame w be  9 direct l9e ) ! c5tre ( ! 
reflector & ! cond5s+-l5ses4    ,!      
pr9ciple ( ! magic lant]n is !          
reflection ( ! light ?r\gh  !           
cond5s+-l5ses1 :i* pick up all ! light  
possible & ?r[ x  ?r\gh ! slide1 :i* is 
locat$ directly 9 front ( x4 ,! light   
is !n tak5 up by ! projector1 & ! p5cils
 ( light are ?r[n  onto ! scre51 at !   
same "t magnify+ ! picture4 ,?is        
pr9ciple  is %[n by ! dott$ l9es 9 ,fig4
 #f1 :i* %[ also ! relative  position ( 
! lamp1 l5ses1 & reflector4    ,to keep 
9 ! light t w\ld escape ?r\gh ! top op5+
 9 !  box1 put a piece ( common         
/ove-pipe 7small7 ov] ! lamp-*imney4    
,cut  a cap f a piece ( t9 7,fig4 #g    
,a71 ! e>s ext5d+ d[n inside !  *imney  
to hold ! cap 9 place1 :5 ! cap-piece is
 b5t 9 a half  circle z %[n at ,fig4 #g 
,b4    ,to cov] ! space betwe5 !        
lant]n-top & ! mov+ front bo>d a  piece 
( black clo? c be us$4 ,or if y h an old
 cam]a-bell[s x  may be made fa/ to !   

back ( ! projector-l5s bo>d & to ! front
  ( ! slide-bo>d locat$ close to ! box4 
,x is n necess>y to h  an absolutely    
light-tight bell[s2 inde$1 a v good "o c
 be made  f "s wire hoops ) black clo?  
sew$ to !m4    ,9 ,fig4 #h ! wire hoops 
are %[n1 & 9 ,fig4 #i ! f9i%$ bell[s1  )
 ! clo? /it*$ 9 place1 is ready to be   
atta*$ to ! bo>ds  ) small tacks or     
/aples4    ,:5 all ! p>ts are assembl$1 
& ! lant]n is complete 7except !        
bell[s1 :i* has be5 omitt$ s t ! work+  
p>ts may be m  cle>ly %[n71 ! lant]n w  
appe> z 9 ,fig4 #aj4      ,a ,/]eopticon
    ,! co/ ( a good /]eopticon w range f
 tw5ty-five to  sev5ty-five doll>s1 & t 
sum places x beyond rea* ( ! av]age     
boy4 ,! foll[+ in/ructions &            
illu/rations w enable any sm>t  boy1 :o 
is h&y ) tools & light mat]ials1 to make
 a high-grade  /]eopticon ) lamp &      
me*anism t is capable ( do+ really good 
"w4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4  
#i4 ,,fig4 #aj4    ,! mat]ials ne$$ =   
its con/ruction w be "s %eet ,russia    

iron1 ?9 mahogany or *]ry bo>ds         
?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9  ?ickness & six  
in*es wide1 "s r\nd-head$ brass screws1 
small  h+es1 a cam]a-bell[s1 & !        
necess>y l5ses & lamp4 ,! tools  include
 a light pair ( metal %e>s1 a f9e-too?  
saw & a compass-saw1  a small hamm]1    
plane1 & screw-driv]1 & a light         
cold-*isel4    ,to beg9 )1 obta9 a bo>d 
tw5ty in*es long1 six in*es wide1 &     
?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness to s]ve 
z ! base-bo>d4 ,treat  ?is bo>d to      
sev]al successive ?9 coats ( %ellac1 &  
rub d[n !  la/ coat ) f9e s&-pap] to    
give x a smoo? surface4 ,cut ano!r      
piece six in*es wide1 eight & "o-eigh?  
in*es long1 & 9 x make  a r\nd hole ab\t
 f\r & a half in*es 9 diamet]1 ?r\gh :i*
 !  case t conta9s ! cond5s]-l5ses may  
pass & fit snugly4 ,?is  bo>d is to be  
plac$ n9e in*es f "o end ( ! base-bo>d1 
&  fa/5$ to x 9 a /&+ position ) long1  
slim screws driv5 into  ! l[] end ?r\gh 
! und]side ( ! base-bo>d4 ,fig4 #aa %[s 
!  arrangem5t ( ^! bo>ds1 also ! runn]s 

& %eet-iron hood4    ,f a %eet ( ,russia
 iron cut a piece n9e & a half in*es    
wide &  tw5ty-?ree in*es long1 & h a    
t9smi? roll "o edge ov] a piece  ( wire 
s z to /iff5 x4 ,) a rule & piece ( *alk
 divide &  m>k (f ! %eet into ?ree      
divisions1 ! end ones measur+ eight &  a
 half by n9e in*es & ! middle "o six by 
n9e in*es4    ,illu/ration3             
,,con/ruction ,,( ,,! ,,/]eopticon      
,,fig4 #aa4 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,fig4 #ac4     
,,fig4 #ad ,a4 ,,fig4 #ad ,b4    ,lay ! 
%eet on a bo>d at ! edge ( a table s t a
 *alk$ l9e is  directly ov] ! %>p edge1 
&1 hold+ x d[n firmly ) "o h&1  b5d !   
iron d[n ) ! o!r1 =m+ a "r angle4 ,b5d !
 iron  on ! rema9+ l9e 9 a simil> mann]1
 & ! hood is =m$4    ,9 ! top ( ?is     
hood1 at ! middle1 m>k (f an oblong two 
in*es  wide & six in*es long2 !n cut out
 ! piece ( iron ) a  cold-*isel & a     
hamm]1 lay+ ! %eet-iron on ! upturn$    
surface  ( an old flat-iron4 ,file or   
em]y-pap] ! edges ( ! op5+ to  r5d] !m  
smoo?1 !n cut an op5+ 9 "o side1 ?ree & 

a half  in*es high by f\r in*es long1 = 
a door4    ,?r\gh ! top hole a          
lamp-*imney may project t ! surplus heat
 may  be c>ri$ upw>d4 ,= ! side op5+ a  
%eet-iron door %\ld be made  & hung 9   
place ) small brass h+es1 & a brass lev]
 cat* to  keep x clos$4    ,?is cat* is 
a simple little affair1 & consi/s ( a ?9
 piece (  spr+ brass1 9 "o end ( :i* a  
hole has be5 made1 :ile at !  o!r a     
little knob h&le is rivet$4 ,"o end is  
atta*$ to ! door1  & to ! hood beside ! 
door a cat* ( ?9 brass is rivet$ fa/1   
into :i* ! lev] cat* c drop4    ,to     
/iff5 ! door1 ! edges %\ld be b\nd )    
n>r[ brass /rips1  securely fa/5$ )     
small rivets1 or escut*eon p9s1 t c be  
adapt$ z rivets by cutt+ !m to ! requir$
 l5g?4    ,two runn]s half an in* wide &
 ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness  are to
 be screw$ fa/ to ! uncov]$ top ( !     
base-bo>d1 f\r &  a half in*es ap>t1 z  
%[n 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,f %eet-iron cut two   
/rips  half an in* 9 wid? & t5 in*es    
long1 & fa/5 a piece to ! top  ( ea*    

runn]1 us+ ! same scre5s to hold !m 9   
place t secure  ! runn]s to ! base-bo>d4
 ,"o-eigh? ( an in* ( ea* /rip w        
project ov] ! inn] edges ( ! runn]s1 z  
%[n 9 ,fig4 #ab1 &  ?is edge w s]ve to  
hold ! wood5 slide-hold] & objective-l5s
  bo>d 9 ! prop] position on !          
base-bo>d4    ,make a %eet-iron door six
 in*es wide & sev5 in*es high1 ) !      
edges roll$ ov] a wire to /iff5 !m1 & 9 
! bottom ( ! door1  at ! c5tre1 cut an  
op5+ half an in* wide & two in*es high4 
,?is w all[ ! door to be clos$ ov] a    
gas-pipe t may project  = a %ort di/ance
 f ! re> ( ! enclosure4 ,atta* ?is door 
to  ! back ( ! hood ) two small h+es    
rivet$ at ! top1 z %[n  9 ,fig4 #ac1 &  
across ! "u side ( ! base-bo>d1 & two   
in*es  f ei!r end1 screw batt5s ( wood 9
 :i* p9s h be5 set4 ,^!  batt5s w raise 
! lant]n up f a table or box on :i* x   
may  re/1 & all[ a draught to pass up   
?r\gh holes made 9 ! base-bo>d  inside !
 enclosure =m$ by ! iron hood4 ,^!      
draught-holes w  be necess>y = ei!r oil 

or gas light1 & !y c be bor$ ab\t z  %[n
 9 ,fig4 #ac4    ,two small wood5 runn]s
 mu/ be fa/5$ to ! base inside !        
enclosure1 a di/ance ( f\r & a half     
in*es ap>t1 & betwe5 !m a  lamp or      
gas-jet tray w slide4    ,f ! ?9        
mahogany cut ?ree pieces f\r & a half   
in*es wide &  sev5 in*es long4 ,9 !     
middle ( ^!1 & f\r in*es f "o end1  make
 a c5tre dot1 & ) a compass-saw cut a   
hole 9 "o ( !m ?ree  & a half in*es 9   
diamet]1 & 9 ano!r cut a hole ?ree & a  
half  in*es squ>e4    ,9 ! ?ird bo>d    
make a hole ! diamet] ( ! objective l5s2
 !n  ) screws & glue fa/5 ! fir/ two    
bo>ds toge!r1 z %[n  9 ,fig4 #ad ,a1 s t
 a space ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* w rema9 
betwe5 !m4 ,! height ( ?is op5+ %\ld be 
f\r & a qu>t]  in*es1 & ! holes 9 !     
middle ( ! bo>ds %\ld be c5tr$4  ,^! two
 bo>ds & sep>ation blocks are to be     
fa/5$ 9 an upright  position to a n>r[  
piece ( ?ree-eigh?-in* bo>d ! same l5g? 
z  ! wid? ( ! upright bo>ds1 z %[n 9    
,fig4 #ad ,a2 & at ! out]  edges a      

saw-cut at ! jo9t w all[ ?is frame to   
slide back &  =? betwe5 ! runn]s1 s t ! 
iron edge may fit 9 ! saw-cut4    ,to ! 
inside ( ! front bo>d two spr+s %\ld be 
atta*$ )  screws at "o end ( ea*2 ^!    
spr+s may be %ap$ f corset  /eels1 & !y 
%\ld be b5t 9 a curv$ position1 z %[n at
  ! l[] end ( ! op5+ 9 ,fig4 #ad ,a4 ,_!
 use is to hold  ! slide-c>ri] back     
aga9/ ! re> bo>d & firmly 9 place4      
,slide-c>ri]s may be pur*as$ at an      
optical supply h\se1 & !y  are made 9   
sev]al %apes2 ! mo/ conv5i5t ones1      
h[ev]1 are !  slid+ wood5 hold]s t      
accommodate two slides4    ,! rema9+    
bo>d is to be m\nt$ on a block & held 9 
place by two  angle /rips1 z %[n 9 ,fig4
 #ad ,b2 & to enable x to slide betwe5  
! runn]s x %\ld receive saw-cuts also4  
,procure a cam]a-bell[s  f\r in*es      
squ>e1 or 9 its abs5ce employ a piece ( 
black silk  or gossam] clo?1 & atta* x  
to ! frames1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #af1  ) small
 curta9 tacks & glue4 ,hav+ m\nt$ ^!    
bo>ds on !  base-bo>d betwe5 ! runn]s1 !

 box is !n ready to receive !  l5ses &  
lamp4    ,f a manufactur] ( optical     
goods pur*ase a pair (  f\r-&-a-half-in*
 diamet] cond5s+-l5ses m\nt$ 9 a tube1 &
 a  qu>t]-size f\r-in* back-focus       
d\ble-objective l5s m\nt$ 9 a tube  )   
rack & p9ion adju/m5t4    ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #ae4 ,,fig4 #af4    ,!           
cond5s]-l5ses %\ld occupy ! hole 9 !    
front ( ! box1  :]e ! tube c be firmly  
held 9 place by ! inside edge ( !  hole4
 ,! objective l5ses are to be atta*$ to 
! face ( ! front  bo>d 9 ! position %[n 
9 ,fig4 #af2 & by means ( ! slid+-bo>d  
& bell[s ! l5ses c be adju/$ to meet any
 %ort-focus  range--t is1 a di/ance (   
fifte5 or tw5ty feet f ! %eet on  :i* ! 
picture is ?r[n4    ,= use 9 small rooms
 a duplex-burn]1 or c5tral-draught lamp1
 c be  us$1 & a plan %[+ ! position (   
lamp1 reflector1 & l5ses is  %[n 9 ,fig4
 #ae4    ,a repres5ts ! reflector plac$ 
beh9d a lamp hav+ duplex wicks4 ,!      
c5tre ( ! reflector %\ld be directly 9  
l9e ) ! c5tre (  ! l5ses1 & ! lamp mu/  

be plac$ s t a portion ( ! flame1       
?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* above ! top ( !    
wicks1 w l9e )  c5tre ( reflector &     
l5ses4 ,! light is brighte/ 9 oil-lamps1
 f  ?ree-qu>t]s to an in* above ! wicks1
 &1 z only a small portion  ( ! light is
 ( use1 ! mo/ brilliant "p ( ! flame    
%\ld be  employ$ = projection ?r\gh !   
slide & l5ses4    ,b ,b are ! wicks ( ! 
lamp1 & ! f\nt %\ld be plac$ s t an     
imag9>y l9e drawn ?r\gh ! c5tre (       
reflector & l5ses w\ld  pass ?r\gh !    
=w>d edge ( "o wick & ! re> edge ( !    
o!r4  ,by arrang+ ! wicks at ! angle %[n
 on ! plan1 ! greate/  advantage c be _h
 f ! light4    ,! positions ( !         
cond5s+-l5ses are %[n at ,c ,c1 & ,d    
repres5ts  a slide 9 position at ! front
 ( !m4 ,e ,e gives ! position (  !      
objective l5ses1 & ! dott$ l9es ,f1 ,g1 
& ,h1 drawn f !  reflector edges cross+ 
at ! light1 pass+ ?r\gh ! cond5s]s  &   
slides1 & out ?r\gh ! objective l5ses1  
%[ ! mann] 9  :i* ! rays ( light are    
collect$ & ?r[n ?r\gh ! transp>5t       

picture & l5ses1 & s on ?r\gh space1    
until x re/s aga9/ !  l>ge %eet4    ,to 
complete ! /]eopticon an oval *imney is 
to be made1 & fitt$  ) a flange s t x   
may be held to ! top ( ! iron hood )    
f\r little iron buttons or lap-hooks    
rivet$ to ! top ( ! hood4  ,?is *imney  
%\ld be f\r in*es long by two in*es wide
 at ! bottom1  & "o & a half in*es squ>e
 at ! top1 & eight or t5 in*es  high4   
,at ! top arrange a light-cap ab\t z %[n
 9 ,fig4 #af1 s t  ! light f ! lamp or  
gas-jet w n ?r[ rays up aga9/ !  wall & 
weak5 ! picture on ! %eet4              
,precaution mu/ be tak5 to /op out all  
surplus light o!r ?an t  project$ ?r\gh 
! l5ses1 s9ce ! useless rays t5d to     
weak5  ! r\nd disk ( light on ! scre51 &
 r5d] ! picture weak &  neutral 9 tone1 
in/ead ( %>p & vigor\s4 ,! wood-"w %\ld 
be giv5 two or ?ree coats ( %ellac1 & ! 
iron p>ts %\ld be  black5$4    ,dissolv+
 views _c be %[n 9 a s+le lant]n1 b if  
two lant]ns  are fitt$ ) ! same k9d (   
l5ses1 & plac$ side by side1 s t  !     

disks on ! %eet are uni=m 9 diamet]1 x w
 !n be possible  to obta9 "s v beautiful
 dissolv+ effects4      ,lant]n ,slides 
by ,contact-pr9t+    ,_m amateurs h an  
idea t x requires a great deal ( skill  
to  make lant]n slides1 b any "o :o c   
produce a good negative c  soon le>n h[ 
to make a good lant]n slide4 ,! simple/ 
way is by  contact-pr9t+4    ,select a  
negative free f spots1 scrat*es1 or     
p9holes4 ,x mu/ h  f9e detail 9 ! %ad[s1
 & no h>% contra/s ( light & %ade4  ,!  
regulation size ( a lant]n slide is #c  
#d in*es1 s *oose a  negative :i* w /ill
 make a good picture if all b ! portion 
includ$ 9 ^! dim5sions is block$ out4   
,cov] ! "p ( !  negative :i* is to be   
block$ out ) black ne$le-pap]1 or pa9t x
  ) non-act9ic pa9t1 apply+ x to ! glass
 side ( ! negative4  ,! negative is     
plac$ 9 a pr9t+-frame1 & !n by means ( a
 r$  light ! slide-plate is plac$ ov] ! 
"p to be pr9t$ f1 !  film side t[>ds !  
negative4    ,if "o has a lant]n1 !     
light ( :i* is suitable = pr9t+ slides1 

cov] ! negative1 op5 ! door ( ! lant]n1 
& !n1 hold+ !  pr9t+-frame ab\t fifte5  
in*es f ! light1 expose f five  to tw5ty
 seconds1 accord+ to ! d5sity ( ! plate4
 ,a plate t  pr9ts quickly w ne$ b five 
or eight seconds1 b a d5s] plate  w     
require a mu* long] exposure1 (t5 z long
 z ?irty seconds4  ,cov] ! plate z soon 
z x is pr9t$1 close ! lant]n1 remove !  
slide f ! frame1 & place x face up 9 !  
develop+-tray4 ,turn  ! develop] ov] x  
quickly1 tak+ c>e t ! :ole surface ( !  
plate is cov]$ imm$iately4 ,any develop]
 t makes good negatives  w make good    
lant]n slides4 ,a weak develop] is to be
 pref]r$ to "o  :i* br+s out ! image    
quickly4 ,develop till ! detail is well 
out2  wa% & fix same z a negative4    ,z
 e imp]fection 9 a plate is magnifi$ _m 
times :5 ?r[n ^u  ! scre51 great c>e mu/
 be tak5 9 ! develop+1 fix+1 wa%+1  &   
dry+4 ,:5 ! slides are wa%$1 take a     
piece ( clean surgeon's  cotton & wipe !
 film v g5tly1 !n place to dry :]e no   
du/  w settle on ! surface4    ,if !re  

are any spots on ! plate aft] wa%+ &    
be=e dry+1  !y may be remov$ )          
f]ricyanide ( potassium 9 solution4 ,tie
 a  small piece ( surgeon's cotton to ! 
end ( a glass rod1 dip x into  !        
solution1 & t\* ! spot v lightly4 ,r9se 
! plate at once1  & if ! spot has n     
entirely disappe>$ repeat ! op]ation4 ,!
  f]ricyanide works v quickly1 & mu/ be 
r9s$ (f z soon z  appli$4      ,lant]n  
,slides by ,r$uction    ,if y\r         
negatives are l>g] ?an #c  #c1 & x is   
desir$ to get !  entire picture on !    
slide1 !n ! r$uction process w h to  be 
resort$ to4 ,= ?is "w y c use y\r cam]a 
if x has a long  bell[s1 & ! "w %\ld be 
done 9 a room :]e a w9d[ is t[>ds  !    
nor?4    ,obta9 a piece ( bo>d five feet
 long & t5 or twelve in*es wide1  & at  
"o end ( x erect ! negative-bo>d1 z %[n 
at ,fig4 #ag4 ,!  negative-bo>d or hold]
 %\ld be twelve or fifte5 in*es squ>e1 )
  an #h  #aj rabbet$ hole at ! middle ( 
x1 & support$ ) two  brackets1 z %[n at 
,fig4 #ag ,b4 ,kits c be made or pur*as$

 to fit 9  ! op5+ r$uc+ to #f  #h1 #e   
#h1 #e  #g1 #d  #f1 #d  #e1 & #c   #d4  
,) ?is range ( sizes any negative f #c  
#d to #h  #aj c be  held 9 ! bo>d4 ,n[  
arrange two /rips ( wood at ea* edge ( !
  long base-bo>d1 s t ! cam]a c slide   
=w>d & backw>d on a  plat=m built to    
support x1 z %[n at ,fig4 #ag ,d4    ,! 
cam]a %\ld be made fa/ to ?is mov+      
plat=m ) wood cleats  & screws1 & x %\ld
 be m\nt$ high en\gh s t ! c5tre (  !   
l5s w be exactly on a l9e ) ! c5tre ( ! 
op5+ 9  ! upright bo>d1 z %[n by ! dott$
 l9e 9 ,fig4 #ag4 ,at ! upp]  corn]s ( !
 plate-bo>d arrange slim1 /eel-wire     
nails ) ! heads  cut (f1 & bore holes   
ne> ! ends ( /icks ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 
squ>e s t !y w fit d[n ov] ! nails1 z   
%[n at ,fig4 #ag ,e4  ,! o!r ends ( !   
/icks %\ld re/ on ! top ( ! cam]a4 ,ov] 
^! /icks a d>k clo? %\ld be ?r[n :5 mak+
 photographs (  negatives1 to keep out  
light & prev5t ! high light f ! w9d[    
affect+ ! action ( ! l5s4    ,to make a 
r$uction ( a l>ge negative1 fill !      

plate-hold]s )  #c  #d lant]n-slide     
plates1 hav+ obta9$ kits to fit y\r     
hold]s2  !n clamp a negative upside d[n 
on ! bo>d1 z %[n at ,a4 ,m>k !          
lant]n-slide size ) a lead-p5cil on !   
gr\nd glass ( y\r cam]a1  tak+ c>e to   
c5tre x2 !n move y\r cam]a =w>d or      
backw>d &  op]ate ! bell[s until !      
correct size has be5 obta9$4 ,focus z   
%>p z y c2 !n /op d[n y\r l5s ) !       
smalle/ diaphragm4  ,exp]i5ce w dictate 
! prop] l5g? ( "t = exposures4 ,no      
def9ite rule c be laid d[n1 = ! v>y+    
conditions ( light1  rapidity ( plate1 &
 /ate ( ! wea!r--all w h to be tak5     
into consid]ation4    ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #ag4 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,fig4 #ai4     
,,fig4 #bj4 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,,fig4 #bb4     
,,fig4 #bc4    ,lant]n slides made by   
r$uction are always %>p] & bett] ?an    
contact slides1 & :5ev] possible !y %\ld
 be made aft] ?is  fa%ion1 ev5 f films  
:i* may be held flat betwe5 two plates (
  cle> glass4 ,a piece ( :ite           
tissue-pap] %\ld be p9n$ aga9/ !  w9d[  

t[>ds :i* ! cam]a po9ts1 s t a blank    
:ite light w  be beyond ! negative1     
!reby avoid+ ! possibility ( pick+ up   
any false lights or %ad[s4    ,lant]n   
slides %\ld always be mask$1 s t !      
actual sight-op5+  ?r\gh :i* !          
lant]n-light is project$ w be two &     
?ree-qu>t]s in*es wide & two & a half   
in*es high4 ,a mask =m  c be pur*as$ or 
made f %eet-brass4 ,! op5+ & ! o!r      
dim5sions %\ld be ( ! same size z !     
lant]n-slide plate1 or #c   #d in*es4 ,!
 masks %\ld be cut f black ne$le-pap] ) 
a rot>y  cutt]1 hav+ fir/ prep>$ a numb]
 ( ! blanks ( ! prop] size2  !n ! op5+s 
c be cut z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah4 ,a small]   
mask = !  c5tral "p ( slides c be made  
two in*es wide & two & a half  in*es    
high1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai1 & = portraits  
an oval mask is !  be/ 7see ,fig4 #bj74 
,cov]+-glasses or cry/als are necess>y 9
 mak+  slides4 ,old lant]n slides c be  
clean$ & us$ = ?is purpose1 or  "s v ?91
 :ite glass may be cut into #c  #d-;in* 
plates4    ,to m\nt slides lay a mask   

aga9/ ! film-side ( ! plate1 or         
positive1 & ov] ?is place a clean1 cle> 
cov]+-glass1 z %[n  at ,fig4 #ba4 ,)    
b9d+-tape 7:i* comes 9 :ite & black7    
fir/  b9d "o edge1 z %[n at ,fig4 #bb1  
arrang+ ! pap] tape s t an  equal m>g9 w
 be visible on bo? sides4 ,b9d !        
opposite edge1 &  !n cut away ! project+
 ends ( ! b9d+4 ,proce$ to close !  %ort
 ends 9 a simil> mann]1 & z a result y w
 h a f9i%$  slide1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bc4   
,"s slide-mak]s beg9 at "o corn] &  run 
a /rip ( b9d+ all ar\nd ! edge )\t cutt+
 x4 ,?is is  a little difficult to d at 
fir/1 b if y h a clamp t has a          
compression-screw & w turn on its axle1 
x simplifies matt]s  greatly4 ,"s       
amateurs pref] black b9d+-tape1 o!rs    
:ite4 ,! :ite  tape ) black masks makes 
a neat-look+ slide1 & if ! m>g9 is  wide
 en\gh ! title ( ! picture may be writt5
 on x4          ,*apt] ,,xv    ,,pr9t+1 
,,/amp+1 ,,& ,,emboss+      ,e boy1 at  
"o "t or ano!r1 gets an attack ( pr9t]s'
  fev]1 & !n he w n be satisfi$ until he

 makes or pur*ases  a pr9t+-press4 ,!re 
are1 ( c\rse1 _m diff]5t k9ds (         
pr9t+-presses4 ,"o ( ! simple/ =ms is   
%[n 9 ! draw+  ( ! flat-b$ press 7,fig4 
#a71 :i* is v easy to make & to         
manipulate4 ,a flat bo>d "o & "o-half   
in*es ?ick1 twelve in*es  wide1 &       
eighte5 in*es long w =m a sub/antial b$ 
on :i* to  fa/5 ! frame &               
pressure-plate4 ,! frame is made (      
h>d-wood  /rips sev5-eigh?s ( an in*    
wide & ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* high4  ,^!   
are glu$ & screw$ fa/ to ! b>e bo>d1 =m+
 an enclosure  five & "o-half by six &  
"o-half in*es1 & l>ge en\gh to          
accommodate a *ase f\r by five in*es4 ,a
 *ase is always measur$ f  ! inside4 ,f 
"o-half to five-eigh?s ( an in* all     
ar\nd %\ld  be all[$ = ! ?ickness ( !   
metal ( :i* ! *ase is made4    ,!       
pressure-plate is cut f wood "o &       
"o-f\r? in*es ?ick1  & ! same size z !  
outside measure ( ! frame atta*$ to !   
b$-bo>d4 ,a /\t lev] f\rte5 in*es long  
is screw$ & glu$ fa/  to ! top ( ?is    

bo>d1 :i* is !n atta*$ to ! re> /rip (  
! frame by means ( ?ree /\t iron h+es1 s
 t :5 clos$ d[n  ! pressure-plate w fit 
closely to ! top ( ! frame4    ,! type z
 x is set up 9 ! *ase w /& face up 9 !  
frame1  & ! c>d to be pr9t$ is caught ) 
gauge-p9s to ! inside ( !               
pressure-plate1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,!     
type1 hav+ be5 ink$ )  ! roll]1 gives ! 
impression to ! c>d :5 ! pressure-plate 
is  br\ght d[n & held aga9/ ! type by   
means ( ! lev]4    ,! gauge-p9s t hold !
 c>d 9 place are made ( metal or (      
ord9>y p9s4 ,sev]al =ms ( p9s are %[n at
 ,fig4 #b4 ,a is made f  an ord9>y p91  
:ile ,b & ,c are o!r =ms cut f ?9       
%eet-brass  & !n b5t into %ape ) small  
pli]s4    ,fig4 #c %[s a *ase five by   
sev5 in*es1 ( ca/-iron1 :i* c be        
pur*as$ at a pr9t]s' /ock h\se = a      
nom9al price4 ,:5 ! types  are set up !y
 are block$ into position 9 ! *ase1 &   
two w$ges1  made ) bevell$ edges to be> 
aga9/ ea* o!r1 are tapp$ ) a  light     
hamm] on ! ?ick ends1 s z to w$ge ! type

 9 place4 ,^!  are call$ quo9s 7,fig4   
#d74    ,fig4 #e %[s a small pro(-roll] 
made ( glue & molasses4 ,x may be       
pur*as$ at a pr9t]s' %op = a few c5ts4  
,a piece ( glass or m>ble w answ] v well
 = an ink-plate or  slab1 & aft] us+ !m 
bo? ! slab & roll] %\ld be ?or\ghly     
clean$ ) b5z9e4 ,! clean+ mu/ be done   
directly aft] pr9t+1  else ! ink dries  
on ! roll] & ?us spoils x4              
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,simple ,,h&-,,press  
,,& ,,accessories    ,,fig4 #a4 ,,fig4  
#b4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,fig4 #e4    
,,fig4 #f4    ,a compos+-/ick 7,fig4 #f7
 may be made f ?9 wood ?ree in*es wide  
& n9e in*es long1 ) a slid+ jaw 7z %[n  
at ,a7 made ( ?9  wood & caught to !    
edge ) a metal /rip loose en\gh to p]mit
 !  jaw to be easily mov$ back & =?4    
,! types1 be+ fir/ set up 9 !           
compos+-/ick1 are !n  transf]r$ to !    
*ase1 & clamp$ 9 ) blocks ( wood &      
quo9s4      ,an ,upright ,press    ,!   
upright press 7,fig4 #g7 is on ! same   
pr9ciple z ! flat-b$1 b  ! *ase is held 

9 a v]tical position1 & ! back aga9/ :i*
 x  re/s is brac$ to ! base-bo>d4 ,?is  
press c be made a little l>g]  ?an !    
flat-b$1 & w accommodate a *ase measur+ 
five by sev5  in*es4 ,at ! re> ( ! sides
 ( ! base-bo>d angul> cuts mu/ be  made 
) a saw1 & correspond+ cuts %\ld be made
 ne> ! top (  ! upright bo>d :i*        
supports ! *ase4 ,) a %>p *isel cut !   
wood away betwe5 ^! cuts 7,fig4 #g74    
,cut ! brace-p9s also at ea*  end 7,fig4
 #h ,a74 ,a lap-jo9t is ! result1 & :5  
fa/5$ ) glue  & screws a firm an*orage &
 support is obta9$ = ! upright bo>d4    
,! pressure-plate is ( wood "o & "o-f\r?
 in*es ?ick1 &  atta*$ to ! /rip at !   
bottom ( ! upright or *ase-bo>d by      
means ( /\t iron h+es4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 
:5 plac+ ^! h+es  to arrange !m s       
accurately t n a fraction ( an in*      
diff]5ce  is p]ceptible at ei!r side or 
at ! top or bottom4 ,o!rwise1 unev5     
pressure w give unsatisfactory results4 
,a lev] is made & atta*$  to !          
pressure-plate z describ$ = ! flat-b$   

press1 & a block  may be fa/5$ to !     
base-bo>d = ! lev] to re/ on1 z %[n 9  !
 draw+4      ,a ,lev]-press    ,a p]fect
 wood5 lev]-press is %[n 9 ! l>ge       
illu/ration 7,fig4 #i71  :i* is drawn s 
cle>ly t only ! measurem5ts w be requir$
 to  und]/& its con/ruction4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4    ,! base-bo>d
 ( ?is press is tw5ty in*es long1 t5    
in*es wide1 &  "o & "o-f\r? in*es ?ick4 
,! upright bo>d aga9/ :i* !  *ase re/s  
is t5 in*es wide1 eight in*es high1 & "o
 & "o-f\r?  in*es ?ick4 ,!              
pressure-plate is ! same wid? &         
?ickness1 b  is sev5 in*es high1 &      
bevell$ at ! bottom1 z %[n 9 ! side     
elevation 7,fig4 #ab74 ,! upright bo>d  
is plac$ six in*es f "o end  ( !        
base-bo>d1 & is fa/5$ 9 place ) screws t
 are driv5  up f ! und]side ( !         
base-bo>d1 ) side-braces let 9 to !     
edges ( ! bo>ds1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4    ,!
 pressure-plate is h+$ at ! bottom to a 
piece ( wood1 :i*  acts z a plat=m = !  
l[] edge ( ! *ase to re/ on4 ,x is      

sev5-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick & two &       
"o-half in*es wide4 ,/rips  are glu$ &  
screw$ at ei!r edge ( ! upright bo>d to 
hold !  sides ( ! *ase1 & at ! top !    
*ase is held ) a brass  spr+-clip t c be
 made & screw$ to ! wood4 ,f\r in*es f  
! pressure-plate base ?ree blocks are   
arrang$ to support ! lev]1  :i* is      
connect$ to ! back ( ! pressure-plate ) 
a tongue (  iron "o-f\r? ( an in* ?ick1 
?ree in*es long1 & "o in* wide  7,fig4  
#aj74 ,qu>t]-in* holes are bor$ at ea*  
end j two in*es ap>t  f c5tre to c5tre4 
,two blocks ( wood are screw$ to ! back 
( !  pressure-plate "o f\r? ( an in*    
ap>t1 & a qu>t]-in* hole made  9 ea*1 to
 receive a bolt1 :i* also passes ?r\gh  
"o hole 9 !  iron tongue4    ,! wood5   
lev] is f\rte5 in*es long1 "o & "o-half 
in*es squ>e  at "o end1 & at ! o!r x is 
r\nd$1 s z to make x easi] on  ! h&s4 ,!
 squ>e end is r\nd$ (f & cut 9 ) a saw1 
z %[n  9 ,fig4 #aa1 & "o in* 9 f ! end a
 qu>t]-in* hole is made4    ,! blocks t 
hold ! lev] are set "o & "o-half in*es  

ap>t1  & a bolt passes ?r\gh ! upp] end 
( !m & ?r\gh ! lev]  ne> ! end ( ! iron 
tongue4 ,! hole 9 ! lev] ?r\gh :i* !    
bolt passes is two in*es f ! end hole1 &
 :5 spac$ prop]ly  ! inside ( !         
pressure-plate %\ld be sev5-eigh?s ( an 
in* f  ! face ( ! *ase-bo>d :5 ! h&le & 
tongue are 9 a /raight  l9e1 z %[n 9 !  
side elevation ( ! press 7,fig4 #ab74   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,fig4 #h4     
,,fig4 #aj4 ,,fig4 #aa4    ,,fig4 #ab4  
,,side ,,elevation ,,( ,,wood5          
,,lev]-,,press    ,metal type1          
electrotypes1 engrav+s1 & pr9t]s' plates
 are always  made sev5-eigh?s ( an in*  
high4 ,:5 mak+ a press always be> ?is  9
 m9d1 & if necess>y ! pressure-plate c  
always be built up )  h>d pap] to meet !
 face ( ! type if suffici5t pressure is 
n _h  at fir/4    ,type1 spaces1 quads1 
rule1 blocks1 ink1 & a small roll] c be 
pur*as$ f any pr9t] if !re is n a       
pr9t]s' /ock h\se 9 !  t[n :]e y live4  
,if ! pr9t] is accommodat+1 he w answ]  
all  y\r que/ions ab\t y\r pr9t+-press1 

& help y ) any details  ab\t :i* y are  
unc]ta94      ,/amp+    ,/amp+1 or !    
process ( impr9t+ )\t ! aid ( a h& or   
p[]-press1 is z old z ! hills4 ,away    
back 9 ! e>ly ages ! art  ( /amp+ 0     
c>ri$ on by means ( wood5 or /one       
blocks1 on !  face ( :i* *>act]s1       
lett]s1 & v>i\s o!r signs 7 engrav$4    
,patt]ns or figures 9 colors 7 impr9t$  
on fabrics1 p>*m5t1 &  lea!rs2 & 9 "s ( 
! walls ( ! ru9$ h\ses 9 ,pompeii &     
,h]culaneum !re are f\nd well-pres]v$   
examples ( ! /amp]'s art1  :]e figures (
 a runn+ patt]n are repeat$ at regul>   
int]vals4  ,bo? oil & wat]-color pigm5ts
 may be us$ = /amp+2 b if !  impr9t is  
to be made on pap] or lea!r1 !n pr9t]s' 
ink1 dilut$  ) a small portion ( b5z9e1 
%\ld be us$4    ,e boy may h an impr9t (
 8 initials cut on wood1 & use x 9      
/amp+ 8 pap]s1 s*ool-books1 & o!r       
prop]ty4 ,9 ! ,f> ,ea/  e prom95t m]*ant
 has 8 private signet1 & always1 :5     
sign+  8 "n to docum5ts1 he c]tifies x )
 8 /amp1 :i* is plac$  beside or across 

! "n1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac4    ,9 ,*9a &   
,japan ^! /amps are call$ 8*ops10 & are 
us$ ) a  r$1 br[n1 or blue ink-pa/e1 :i*
 dries h>d & indelible on pap]1  lea!r1 
or s(t wood4    ,! au?or's impr9t s     
int]e/$ a weal?y ,japanese m]*ant a few 
ye>s ago1 t :5 he return$ to ,yokohama  
he _h a h&some ivory1  bone1 & silv]    
8*op0 cut by a good mak] 9 t city1 & s5t
 x  ov] ! sea z a s\v5ir ( 8 visit to   
?is c\ntry4 ,fig4 #ad gives  ! impr9t1 &
 ,fig4 #ae is a draw+ %[+ ! %ape ( !    
8*op40  ,! body "p is ( ivory & ! inlay 
( silv]1 :ile ! cap1 :i*  fits ov] !    
engrav$ die1 is ( black bone4    ,any   
boy c make a signet ( boxwood or maple =
 /amp+ pap] &  wood4 ,= use on lea!r he 
c cut 8 dies 9 s(t copp]1 :i*1 :5       
heat$1 w burn ! impr9t 9 ! lea!r4    ,9 
,fig4 #af f\r ideas = impr9ts are %[n4  
,9 ,b & ,c ! initials are  comb9$1 :ile 
,a & ,d are arrangem5ts ( scrolls & l9es
 :i* w  be und]/ood z belong+ to a c]ta9
 p]son1 j z trade-m>ks are  ! kn[n m>ks 
( c]ta9 manufactur]s4    ,9 ord] to cut 

a wood-/amp1 x w be necess>y to h "s f9e
  c>v+-*isels1 a vise1 & s&-pap]4       
,maple1 boxwood1 or o!r  close-gra9$    
wood c be us$1 & x is be/ to cut ! die  
on ! end  r ?an on ! side ( ! wood4 ,cut
 y\r block ! size requir$2  !n draw !   
rev]se ( ! design1 z %[n at ,fig4 #ae4  
,cut ?is z  deep z y ne$ x1 s t ink or  
m>k+-pa/e w n clog ! l[  p>ts2 !n1 :5 ! 
face is prop]ly f9i%$1 ! die w /amp an  
impression z %[n at ,fig4 #ad4 ,= l>ge  
dies x w be necess>y to  use ! wood on !
 side1 z o!rwise ! blocks w\ld be heavy 
& h>d  to h&le4 ,s\v5ir books or        
engross$ memorials may be embelli%$ )   
corn] ornam5ts1 z well z ) capital      
lett]s & bord]s 9 r$1  blue1 or gold4   
,any boy :o is int]e/$ 9 ?is bran* (    
craftsman%ip  c get ideas & designs f   
gift books1 cal5d>s1 %[-c>ds1  circul>s1
 & ! ho/ ( illum9at$ & embelli%$ pr9t$  
matt]  t is 9 circulation4 ,:5 mak+ ^!  
selections1 h[ev]1 avoid  ! commonplace 
pr9t+-h\se patt]ns1 & favor ^? to be    
f\nd 9  ! be/ magaz9es1 art books1 &    

h&-books ( ornam5t su* z are  %[n 9     
,fig4 #ag1 ! sev]al p>ts ( :i* are a    
miscellane\s lot (  ornam5ts & lett]s t 
c be easily copi$ by ! "y die-cutt]4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,fig4 #ad4   
,,fig4 #ae4 ,,fig4 #af4 ,,fig4 #ag4     
,,fig4 #ah4    ,dilut$ pr9t]s' ink is   
excell5t = /amp+1 & :5 us$ x %\ld  be   
spread on a clo? /ret*$ ov] sev]al      
?icknesses ( flannel &  cotton clo? &   
made 9 ! =m ( a pad1 z %[n at ,fig4 #ah4
 ,?is is  a block ( wood ov] :i* !      
?icknesses ( fabric are laid1 ! top     
lay] be+ drawn ov] ! edge & tack$       
und]nea?4 ,?is block is !n  plac$ 9 a   
flat box ( wood ) a h+$ cov]1 s t ! pad 
may be  kept enclos$ :5 n 9 use1 & s    
prev5t ! ink f dry+ out4  ,aft] us+ !   
pad a clo? wet ) b5z9e %\ld be laid ov] 
! pad2  !n ! lid %\ld be clos$ & hook$  
d[n4      ,emboss+    ,9 emboss+ !      
ornam5t is rais$ 9 l[ relief1 & s l5ds a
 ri*  effect to pap]1 c>d1 lea!r1 or o!r
 ductile mat]ial4 ,emboss+  is g5]ally  
done "u heavy pressure1 & ) moi/ure or  

heat to  facilitate ! "w4 ,pap]s1 ?9    
lea!rs1 & "s fabrics c be  treat$ 9 ?is 
mann] by ! boy craftsman aft] he has    
ma/]$ !  art ( mak+ dies4 ,! mode ( mak+
 bas-reliefs 0 fully expla9$  9 ,*apt]  
,,xi1 & = emboss+ a v l[ relief is      
necess>y1 s9ce  o!rwise ! pap] w\ld     
split or break away on ! rais$ p>ts4    
,aft]  a well-modell$ ornam5t is obta9$1
 x w be necess>y to make a h>d  ca/+ f x
 9 pla/]1 & !n a ca/+ f ?is1 s t = !  "w
 y w h a %>p1 cle> bas-relief & an      
intaglio--"o !  express$ design & ! o!r 
impress$4 ,make ^! ( h>d pla/]1 &  give 
_! surfaces a coat or two ( %ellac4     
,to press a piece ( pap] or lea!r1 damp5
 x on bo? sides ) a  sponge or wet clo?1
 & heat ! dies 9 an ov54 ,place ! pap]  
ov]  ! bas-relief1 cov] ) ! intaglio1 & 
apply pressure4 ,or place  "s weight on 
top ( ! dies & leave !m !re = half an   
h\r4  ,on remov+ ! pap] y w f9d a p]fect
 bas-relief :i*1 :5  ?or\ghly dry1 w    
hold its %ape4 ,book1 c>d1 & m\nt$      
lea!r-"w  is treat$ 9 a hot press1 b    

only = a second or two--j en\gh to      
drive ! dies toge!r1 heat ! mat]ial1 &  
cause x to hold its  %ape4          ,"p 
,,iv    ,,r\nd ,,ab\t ,,! ,,h\se        
,*apt] ,,xvi    ,a ,,h\se ,,gymnasium   
,all heal?y-m9d$ boys are int]e/$ 9     
physical developm5t2 x is  ! in/9ct :i* 
leads !m to climb high trees & scale    
precipit\s  cliffs1 g5]ally at ! exp5se 
( "s anxiety to ! m9ds ( _!  p>5ts &    
gu>dians4 ,b ^! amusem5ts are m 9 !     
nature (  8/unts10 pure & simple2 !     
logical & rational field ( a?letic      
culture is ! gymnasium4 ,9 ! l>ge       
cities1 & at s*ools &  colleges &       
,y4,m4,c4,a4 societies1 !re are         
opportunities 9 abundance =  gymna/ic   
ex]cises4 ,! purpose ( ?is *apt] is to  
%[ ! boy :o  has to /ay at home1 or :o  
lives 9 a small c\ntry village1 :at c be
  done 9 ! way ( rigg+ up a b>n floor or
 a sp>e room l ! "o  %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,he
 c also make mo/ ( ! app>atus2 =1 ) a   
few  exceptions1 all ! pr9cipal pieces  
are simple 9 con/ruction & n  beyond !  

ability ( ! av]age boy4    ,= indoor    
ex]cise ! outfit mu/ necess>ily consi/ (
 ^? pieces  ( ! gymnasium equipm5t t c  
be us$ :5 9 a /&+ or sitt+  attitude1 = 
! conf9$ space ( ! av]age room w n admit
 (  runn+1 jump+1 or leap+ ) ! pole or f
 a spr+-bo>d4 ,9  prep>+ a li/ ( !      
pieces ( equipm5t suitable = a boy's    
8gym10  "s ( ! famili> ones h be5       
omitt$1 z !y are ei!r beyond  ! ability 
( ! av]age boy to make or !y are too    
cumb]some =  ! home4 ,! app>atus t is   
describ$ & illu/rat$ is simple &        
practicable & c be made at a mu* l[] co/
 ?an ! prices *>g$  at ! %ops4          
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4      ,dumb-bells
    ,wood5 dumb-bells weigh+ a p\nd ea* 
may be pur*as$ = ab\t  fifty c5ts a     
pair1 b ! boy :o is int]e/$ 9 mak+ 8    
entire  equipm5t c use croquet-balls )  
broom-h&les1 or "o-in*  curta9-pole     
/icks1 = h&les 7,fig4 #b74              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,fig4 #c4     
,,fig4 #d4    ,to make ^! dumb-bells1   
obta9 "s old croquet-balls & clamp  !m1 

"o by "o1 9 ! vise ( a c>p5t]'s b5*4    
,!n1 ) a  "o-in* bit1 bore a hole ?r\gh 
ea* ball1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,cut a      
broom-h&le or a "o-in* curta9-pole 9    
l5g?s twelve or ?irte5  in*es long1 & 9 
! end ( ea* make a saw-cut1 z %[n 9     
,fig4 #c  ,b4 ,sme> ! end ( ! /ick )    
glue & drive x ?r\gh ! hole 9  ! ball1  
key+ x firmly 9 place by driv+ a w$ge   
into ! end (  ! /ick1 j z hamm]-heads   
are fa/5$ to prev5t _! com+ (f4  ,repeat
 = ! second ball4 ,"s glue %\ld be plac$
 9 ! saw-cut1 s  z to hold ! w$ge :5 x  
is driv5 home4 ,to make ! h&le easi]  to
 grip1 x %\ld be b\nd ) l95 or cotton   
fi%-l9e2 !n !  balls may be pa9t$ or    
v>ni%$1 & ! l9e giv5 a coat ( black     
v>ni%1 :i* w set ! cord b9d+ & h>d5 x4  
,sev]al sets (  ^! balls may be made = !
 8gym0 & hung ^u ! wood5 rail t  ext5ds 
ar\nd ! room4    ,9 ! abs5ce ( iron     
bells1 a heavy pair ( dumb-bells may be 
made (  gas-pipe h&les & flanges )      
screw-holes fa/5$ into wood blocks  f\r 
in*es 9 diamet] 7,fig4 #d74 ,!          

gas-pipes1 an in* 9 diamet]1  may be _h 
at a plumb]'s %op or gas-fitt]s'1 & !y  
%\ld be five  in*es long1 ?read$ at bo? 
ends1 & screw$ into flanges :i* h  be5  
fitt$ ) ?reads to receive !m4 ,^!       
flanges are bor$ )  holes1 s t ord9>y   
screws may be pass$ ?r\gh !m & into !   
wood5 ends4 ,! gas-pipe %\ld be b\nd )  
l9e & pa9t$ or  v>ni%$1 or ! entire bell
 may be pa9t$ black to simulate iron4   
,indian ,clubs    ,a good pair ( ,indian
 clubs1 weigh+ f two to ?ree p\nds ea*1 
w\ld co/ at ! %ops ab\t "o doll> a pair2
 b ! boy :o c  h&le tools may cut out a 
v s]viceable pair ( clubs f wood f\r    
in*es squ>e or r\nd1 ) ! club1 or butt1 
ends fifte5 in*es high4    ,two pieces (
 spruce1 *e/nut1 or apple wood are to be
 cut1 z %[n  9 ,fig4 #e4 ,! upp] end    
%\ld be tap]$ s t x is "o & a half      
in*es 9 diamet]1 & leav+ ! base ab\t two
 & a half in*es 9  diamet]4    ,! tap]+ 
is done by hold+ ! wood 9 a vise &      
gradually %av+  away ! wood ) a         
%>p-blad$ draw-knife or spoke%ave1 turn+

 !  wood frequ5tly s z to cut ! butt    
ev5ly & z true z possible4  ,) a        
brace-&-bit a "o-in* hole is bor$ 9 !   
top ( ea* club  ?ree in*es deep1 & into 
x a broom/ick-h&le is driv5 & held 9    
place ) glue & a few /eel-wire nails4   
,wood5 balls are bor$ &  glu$ to ! top (
 ! h&les1 & giv5 an additional pur*ase )
  small nails4 ,! h&les may be b\nd )   
f9e l9e & ! expos$  wood-"w pa9t$ any   
desirable color4    ,half a doz5 sets ( 
^! clubs w add mat]ially to ! equipm5t (
  ! h\sehold 8gym02 & x w\ld be         
advisable to make !m 9 sev]al           
sizes--say f "o to ?ree p\nds ea*4      
,cali/h5ic ,w&s & ,ball-b>s    ,^! w&s1 
?ree to five feet long1 may be cut f any
 h>d-wood1 or  ! same l5g?s ( a "o-in*  
curta9-pole w answ] q z well4  ,pla9    
squ>e /icks may be plan$ octagonal 9    
%ape1 or r\nd$1 z a  matt] ( *oice      
7,fig4 #f ,a74    ,! ball-b> 7,fig4 #f  
,b7 may be made z describ$ = !          
dumb-bells1 by  bor+ croquet-balls &    
atta*+ !m to ! ends ( a b> ) w$ges4     

,9 _m s*ools cali/h5ic ex]cises ) w&s1  
dumb-bells1 &  ball-b>s are regul>ly    
taught2 & ! boy :o has provid$ 8 own    
gymnasium ) ! simple app>atus requir$ w 
f9d pleasure 9  rehe>s+ ! s*ool         
in/ructions at 8 home4      ,sw++-r+s   
,ex]cis+ & sw++ r+s are usually f six to
 t5 in*es 9  diamet]1 outside measure1 &
 !y may be pur*as$ at ! %ops = "o  or   
two doll>s a pair1 accord+ to ! size &  
f9i%4    ,a blacksmi? w make y a pair ( 
r+s1 eight in*es 9 diamet]1  out (      
five-eigh?-in* r\nd iron1 = ab\t fifty  
c5ts2 & ) a  f9e file & em]y clo? !y may
 be smoo!d d[n s t !y w n  *afe ! h&s4  
,"s r+s are nickel-plat$1 b !y are us$  
only by  pr(essionals 9 _! exhibition   
"w4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4         
,,fig4 #f4 ,,w& ,a ,,ball-,,b> ,b       
,,fig4 #g4 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4    ,!  
r+s %\ld give a good grip1 & !re is no?+
 bett] = ?is  ?an to b9d !m ) tire-tape1
 or sew lea!r ar\nd !m1 mak+ !  seam at 
! outside1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,! sew+    
%\ld be done )  d\bl$ & wax$ l95 ?read2 

if ?is %\ld prove too difficult1 a  %oe 
or h>ness mak] w help y out = a small   
sum4    ,9 ,fig4 #h a triangle is %[n   
hav+ ! l[] side b\nd ) tape or  lea!r4  
,?is triangle is six in*es across !     
bottom1 eight in*es  high1 & is made f  
half-in* r\nd iron4 ,z ! l[] side is a  
/raight b>1 x is some:at easi] to grip  
?an ! segm5t ( a circle4    ,! r+s1 or  
triangles1 %\ld be susp5d$ by means (   
ropes1 at !  l[] ends ( :i* /raps are   
provid$ s t !y w hold r+s1  rods1 or    
trapeze b>s4 ,a h>ness-mak] w make ^!   
/raps = fifte5  or tw5ty c5ts ea*1 (    
sub/antially heavy lea!r4 ,!y %\ld be   
provid$ ) a /\t buckle & a loop "u :i*  
to slip ! /rap  end1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #i4  
,! rope ends1 ?r\gh :i* ! /raps are     
caught1 may be splic$ or =m$ into a     
loop-end & b\nd tightly )  tw9e to make 
a /rong union1 z also %[n 9 ,fig4 #i4   
,trapeze ,b>s    ,= ! h\se gymnasium a  
trapeze b> %\ld measure f\r feet long & 
"o & ?ree-qu>t] in*es 9 diamet]2 x %\ld 
be cut ) a pa? at  ea* end1 z %[n 9     

,fig4 #aj1 s t ! /rap may be wrapp$     
ar\nd x  & drawn tight4 ,! b> %\ld be   
made ( season$ hickory4 ,! wood may  be 
b\ght f a :eelwright or wagon-mak]1 & !n
 dress$ d[n ) a  plane & spoke%ave4 ,!  
arrangem5t = ! susp5sion is %[n 9 ,fig4 
#aj ,b4    ,! adju/able fly+ trapeze1 z 
%[n 9 ,fig4 #aa1 is made f  trunk-/raps1
 provid$ ) two extra loops1 & a f\r-foot
 b> cut f  two-in* hickory & %ap$ ) a   
spoke%ave4 ,at ! ends1 pa?s are  cut to 
receive ! /raps1 &1 if possible1 h ! b> 
turn$ 9 a  la! to insure a m accurate   
job4 ,small r+s at ! upp] ends ( !      
ropes or /raps1 & hooks driv5 securely  
into ! ceil+-beams1 w  af=d ! ne$$      
susp5sion4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 
,,fig4 #aa4 ,,fig4 #ab4      ,p>allel   
,b>s    ,! regulation p>allel b>s are   
usually support$ on iron pipe-/&>ds     
bolt$ to a heavy base1 & /eel heads are 
provid$ to grip ! b>s4  ,b ?is fitt+ is 
beyond ! ability ( a boy to con/ruct )\t
 !  aid ( a plumb]1 & ! wood5 frame base
 & b>s %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab  w answ] q z     

well4    ,! b>s are ( hickory1 five & a 
half feet long & two in*es 9  diamet]4  
,! uprights t support !m are ( oak1 a%1 
or o!r  h>d-wood1 two & a half in*es    
squ>e & =ty-two in*es long4 ,!  l[] ends
 ( ! uprights are set into bases ( heavy
 h>d-wood two  in*es ?ick1 t5 in*es     
wide1 & ?ree & a half feet long4 ,squ>e 
holes are cut 9 ! middle ( ^! bases1 two
 feet ap>t1 s t  eight in*es ( wood w   
ext5d beyond ! holes at ea* end1 & s    
provide a surface on :i* to screw !     
bracket-ends t act z braces  to !       
uprights4 ,! holes %\ld be cut ) a      
brace-&-bit all ! way  ?r\gh ! bases1 & 
!n trimm$ ) a mortise-*isel & mallet1   
tak+ c>e to make !m v accurate1 & s     
prev5t any play to !  uprights :5 once  
set up4    ,! /epp+-plank is also (     
h>d-wood1 twelve in*es wide1 "o & a     
half in*es 9 ?ickness1 & long en\gh to  
span ! cross-planks4 ,!  di/ance betwe5 
uprights %\ld be ab\t f\r feet4 ,!      
/epp+-plank  %\ld h a two-in* block "u !
 middle to prev5t x f  spr++2 x is to be

 atta*$ securely to ! cross-plates )    
l>ge1  flat screws driv5 into holes t h 
fir/ be5 bor$ out ) a  bit4 ,holl[s are 
cut out 9 ! top ( ea* upright ) a       
compass-saw1  & ! sides slightly tap]$  
to ! edges ( ! ,u cuts1 s z n to        
int]f]e ) ! h&s :5 us+ ! b>s4 ,fa/5 !   
b>s to !  uprights ) two slim screws at 
ea* side1 driv5 ?r\gh ! uprights  & into
 ! "u sides ( ! b>s4 ,d n put a screw or
 nail d[n  ?r\gh ! b>s & into ! top ( ! 
uprights1 = ?is w weak5  ! b>s1 & if !  
weight is sudd5ly transf]r$ to ! extreme
 ends  !y might snap (f4    ,at a h>dw>e
 /ore pur*ase f\r iron brackets )       
eight-in* tops  & t5 or twelve in*      
sides4 ,inv]t !m & screw ! tops to !    
base-bo>ds & ! sides to ! out] edges ( !
 uprights1 to insure  add$ rigidity4    
,a coat or two ( pa9t w improve !       
appe>ance ( ! uprights &  base2 b d n   
coat ! b>s ) any?+4 ,!y %\ld be poli%$  
) an oil$ rag until smoo? en\gh = use4  
,a ,floor ,horizontal ,b>    ,! complete
 app>atus is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac4 ,! hickory

 b>1 "o &  ?ree-qu>t] in*es 9 diamet] & 
f\r feet long1 is support$ on  h>d-wood 
uprights two in*es ?ick1 ?ree in*es     
wide1 & z high z  ! b> is desir$--say f 
five to six feet1 accord+ to ! /ature  (
 ! boys :o are to use x4 ,at ! l[] end !
 uprights are held 9  position by two   
half-in* iron p9s driv5 into ! bottom4  
,^! fit  into holes made 9 ! floor 9 a  
correspond+ position1 z %[n at ,a  9    
,fig4 #ad4 ,! upp] ends ( ! uprights are
 cut ) a compass-saw to  receive ! b>1 &
 ! edges are tap]$ to meet ! edges ( !  
,u  cut1 z %[n at ,b 9 ,fig4 #ad4 ,:5 ! 
b> is 9 place x is held )  /raps made ( 
"o-eigh? by "o in* iron4 ,!y %\ld be    
provid$ )  screw-holes1 z %[n at ,c 9   
,fig4 #ad4 ,! e>-plate atta*$ to ea*    
upright "u ! b> 7& to :i* ! /an*ion     
wires are fa/5$7 is  made ( "o-in*      
tire-iron a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick2 x is   
bolt$ to  ! wood z %[n at ,d 9 ,fig4    
#ad4 ,a blacksmi? w make ! /rap &       
e>-plates = a small sum2 & at a h>dw>e  
/ore /aple or eye plates  may be pur*as$

 & screw$ to ! floor1 into :i* !        
turn-buckles  c be caught4    ,f\r      
turn-buckles & "s /\t wire =m !         
/an*ions2 & !  floor-plates %\ld be     
locat$ s t !y n only brace ! /ructure   
=w>d & backw>d1 b also f side to side1 z
 may be se5 at !  "r side ( ,fig4 #ac4  
,if ! plates are five feet ap>t1 !y %\ld
 be  eighte5 in*es out f ea* upright4   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,fig4 #ad4   
,! p>ticul> advantage ( ?is b> ov] a    
sw++ "o lies 9 its  absolute rigidity4  
,also1 :5 n 9 use1 x may be cle>$ away  
by  loos5+ ! turn-buckles & unhook+ !m1 
lift+ ! p9s out (  ! floor & c>ry+ (f ! 
frame bodily4      ,/rik+-bags    ,!re  
are v>i\s k9ds & %apes ( /rik+-bags to  
be _h at !  %ops1 b a conv]t$ ,rugby    
football w answ] v well = home use4     
,remove ! bladd] & sew two l>ge bone    
buttons to ! lea!r cov]  at ea* end1 z  
%[n 9 ,fig4 #ae4 ,! bladd] %\ld !n be   
replac$1  inflat$1 & ! cov] lac$ up     
tightly4    ,lea!r /raps1 9 ! ends ( :i*
 button-holes h be5 made1 are  caught   

ov] ! buttons to =m loops to :i* ! ends 
( ! susp5sion  & draw ropes are atta*$4 
,^! /raps are re9=c$ ) a pat*  ( lea!r  
sew$ at ! middle1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #af4 ,! 
pat*es w  /r5g!n ! /raps & prev5t !m f  
/ret*+ too mu* :5 !  ropes are drawn    
taut4    ,betwe5 ! ball & ! floor a     
spr+1 or "s /\t rubb] b&s1  %\ld be     
plac$ s z to make ! ball reb\nd quickly 
:5 /ruck4    ,! portable /rik+-bag      
7,fig4 #ag7 is atta*$ to ! top ( a /aff1
  & is made ( lea!r or canvas & /uff$ ) 
pap] wads4 ,or a  bladd]1 inflat$ ! same
 z a football1 may be us$4 ,! bag or    
cov]  = a bladd] %\ld be made ( /rips ( 
lea!r or canvas sew$  toge!r4 ,! inflat$
 bag is !n cov]$ by a /\t lea!r cap4    
,/raps  ( canvas or lea!r are sew$ to   
?is cap & br\ght d[n bel[ !  bag1 :]e !y
 are atta*$ to ! /aff ) a ?ong or cord1 
z %[n  9 ,fig4 #ag4    ,illu/ration3    
,,/rik+-,,bags    ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,fig4    
#af4 ,,fig4 #ag4    ,! regulation       
portable bags are m\nt$ on an iron base1
 b 9 our  home-made app>atus a plate (  

h>d-wood w h to answ]4 ,f oak1  a%1 or  
o!r h>d-wood1 two in*es ?ick1 cut a base
 fifte5 in*es  squ>e1 & r\nd (f ! edges 
on ! upp] side4 ,make a hole 9 ea*      
corn] ?r\gh :i* to pass a screw1 & a    
l>ge hole at ! middle to  receive a     
spiral spr+4 ,! /aff 7ab\t ! size ( a   
broom/ick7 is  screw$ d[n into ! top ( !
 spr+ = five or six in*es1 or en\gh  to 
hold x securely2 & at ! bottom ! spr+ is
 held 9 ! block  ) screws or nails driv5
 ?r\gh ! wires ( ! spr+ & into !  wood5 
base4    ,:5 us+ ! bag x %\ld be fa/5$  
to ! floor ) two or ?ree  screws1 s t x 
w n topple ov]4 ,z x is /ruck x b5ds ov]
  f ! bottom1 & ! spr+1 if /iff en\gh1 w
 cause x to  imm$iately reb\nd or come  
to an erect position4    ,a /rik+-bag & 
disk1 l ! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah1 may be    
made f  wood & lea!r1 a few ?umb-nuts1 &
 a pair ( braces4 ,to make !  adju/able 
disk1 obta9 two pieces ( :ite-wood or   
p9e ?ree in*es  wide1 two feet long1 &  
"o & a qu>t] in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,also two
  o!r pieces1 ea* an in* ?ick1 ?ree     

in*es wide1 & ?irty in*es  long4 ,! fir/
 pieces are ! wall-plates1 & laps are to
 be cut "o  & a half in*es 9 f ea* end1 
z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai1 to receive !  upright
 pieces4    ,9 ! middle ( ea* lap a bolt
 two & a half in*es long is to be set4  
,?is projects ?r\gh a slot cut 9 !      
upright pieces1 & at ! out]  end ( !    
bolt a ?umb-nut & wa%] w make x possible
 to clamp  ! uprights fa/ to !          
wall-plates1 s t ! disk may be rais$ or 
l[]$ to any requir$ position4    ,two   
slots1 z wide z ! ?ickness ( ! bolts1   
are cut 9 ea* upright  ) a bit &        
compass-saw2 & on ! uncut space1 at !   
middle ( !  frame1 a disk tw5ty-"o in*es
 wide & tw5ty-six in*es long is made    
fa/ ) screws & %ort angle-brackets      
atta*$ to ! "u side (  ! re> corn]s4    
,?is disk %\ld be made ( h>d-wood "o & a
 half  in*es 9 ?ickness1 & x is brac$ f 
above ) two irons t  ext5d f ! top ( !  
disk to ! upp] ends ( ! uprights4 ,a    
blacksmi? w make ^! = a few c5ts ea*1 & 
!y1 z well z !  o!r h>dw>e1 %\ld be     

pa9t$ black to give !m a good appe>ance4
    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,fig4    
#ai4 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,fig4 #ba4    ,! bag  
is %ap$ l an inv]t$ balloon1 & is made (
 six pieces (  lea!r1 or canvas1 five & 
a half in*es wide & fifte5 in*es long1  
sew$ toge!r at ! edges4 ,ea* piece %\ld 
be %ap$ z 9 ,fig4 #ag1  & :5 !y are sew$
 toge!r a r\nd cap %\ld be made fa/ to !
  l>ge extremity to secure ! ends ( !   
side-pieces4 ,a pat* is sew$  along !   
edges ( two sides to /r5g!n !m & to pass
 ! lac+s  ?r\gh1 z %[n at ! l[] left-h& 
side ( ,fig4 #bj4 ,?is me?od  (         
con/ruction gives an op5+ ?r\gh :i* to  
pass a fill+ (  rubb] scraps & bits (   
lea!r4 ,if a rubb] bladd] is to be      
ins]t$  & inflat$1 ?is op5+ w n be      
requir$1 = ! bladd]1 :5  collaps$1 may  
be pu%$ into ! op5+ at ! neck4    ,"o   
in* bel[ ! top ( ! neck "s slits are to 
be made 9 !  lea!r1 ?r\gh :i* !         
?roat-laces are int]wov51 z %[n 9 ,fig4 
#ba4 ,aft] ! knot at ! end ( !          
susp5sion-rope has be5 ins]t$ 9  ! ?roat

 ( ! bag1 ! laces are drawn tight & ti$4
 ,?is is !  be/ means ( atta*+ ! bag to 
! rope f :i* x is susp5d$2  & by means (
 a holl[ /ick1 :i* projects d[n five    
in*es bel[  ! "u side ( ! disk1 ! bag   
may be c5tr$ & held rigidly4 ,z  a      
result x flies up at v>y+ angles f ?is  
c5tre-drop :5 /ruck  f diff]5t sides4   
,! susp5sion-/ick may be made f a piece 
( in*-&-a-half  curta9-pole1 ! hole be+ 
bor$ out ) a bit4 ,! /ick %\ld be       
ins]t$ ?r\gh a hole made 9 ! disk elev5 
in*es 9 f ! out]  or project+ edge4 ,x  
%\ld be ( su* a size t x w be necess>y  
to drive ! /ick 9 ) a mallet to make x  
fit snugly4 ,a coat or two  ( :ite pa9t 
w f9i% ! wood-"w nicely1 or x may be    
giv5 a  coat ( v>ni%4      ,a           
,m$ic9e-ball    ,a m$ic9e-ball %\ld be  
t5 in*es 9 diamet]1 & %\ld weigh f  ?ree
 or f\r to six or eight p\nds1 accord+  
to ! size ( ! boys  & girls :o use x4 ,!
 case ( a r\nd football may be us$1 or a
  lea!r case may be made ( six pieces & 
two ends1 s t x w  lace up1 z %[n 9     

,fig4 #bb4 ,! case is /uff$ ) small     
balls made  ( pebbles or small /ones    
wrapp$ 9 newspap]4 ,! newspap] makes a  
s(t cu%ion1 & does n all[ ! h>d edges ( 
! /ones to come 9  contact ) ! lea!r4   
,l>g] or small] /ones may be us$ accord+
  to ! weight desir$1 or s& wrapp$ 9    
pap] may be us$ 9 place (  ! /ones4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,,fig4 #bc4   
,,fig4 #be4 ,,fig4 #bf4    ,if ! case is
 to be made1 obta9 "s russet lea!r f a  
%oemak]  & cut six pieces1 f\rte5 in*es 
long & six in*es wide1 z %[n  9 ,fig4   
#bc4 ,) d\bl$ l95 ?read sew ! edges     
toge!r s t !  seam is at ! inside1 z %[n
 at ! l[] end ( ,fig4 #bc4 ,re9=ce  two 
sides ( adjo9+ /rips ) a pat* ( lea!r   
sew$ securely  all ar\nd ! edges & ?r\gh
 ! middle4 ,pun* holes along ! pat*     
half an in* f ! edge1 ?r\gh :i* to lace 
! draw-/r+s1 z  %[n at ! left-h& side ( 
,fig4 #bc4 ,at ! op5 ends ( ! lea!r     
case sew on circul> pat*es1 f\r in*es 9 
diamet]1 to securely hold  ! ends ( !   
six lea!r sides4 ,! case w !n be ready =

 !  fill+4    ,by sub/itut+ a bladd] = !
 fill+1 ?is m$ic9e-ball may be  us$ z a 
volley-ball4 ,! volley-ball is play$ ov]
 a net1 ei!r 9  ! 8gym0 or out-(-doors1 
9 a fa%ion simil> to ,badm9ton4 ,x may  
be  play$ by any numb] ( p]sons at !    
same "t1 ! object be+ to  keep ! ball 9 
motion ov] ! high net4                  
,pulley-weights & ,ex]cis]s    ,no      
app>atus = home ex]cise cov]s ! field s 
g5]ally &  ?or\ghly z ! *e/-weights1 or 
pulley-weights4 ,no in/ructions are     
necess>y1 = ! boy :o uses ! app>atus c  
foll[ 8 own idea  = /rokes1 & e muscle 9
 ! body may be easily & pleasantly      
ex]cis$1 !re be+ suffici5t v>iation 9 ! 
movem5ts to relieve  !m ( monotony4     
,an ex]cis] simil> to ! "o 9 ,fig4 #bd  
may be con/ruct$ out ( a  piece ( plank1
 two pulleys1 a pair ( sa%-weights1 & "s
 cotton rope  or clo!s-l9e4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--;,,an        
,,ex]cis+ ,,weight    ,obta9 a piece (  
p9e or spruce plank twelve or f\rte5    
in*es wide1  five feet long1 & "o & a   

qu>t] in*es ?ick2 also ano!r piece to   
=m ! foot1 s t x w project six in*es f !
 base ( !  plank4 ,two blocks ( wood1   
f\r in*es long1 two in*es wide1 & an in*
  ?ick1 w be necess>y = ! pulleys to sw+
 on4 ,atta* ^! to  ! upp] end ( ! plank 
by means ( h+es1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #be4 ,!y 
%\ld /& out f ! bo>d1 & 9 f ! edges1 !  
di/ance (  ! wid? ( ! h+e-leaf1 z also  
%[n 9 ,fig4 #be4 ,plate-pulleys are     
screw$ fa/ to ! front edges ( ^! blocks1
 ?r\gh :i* ! ropes  pass t raise !      
weights4    ,! foot-bo>d %\ld be padd$ )
 hair or excelsior & cov]$ )  lea!r or  
burlap1 s t ! weights may drop on x )\t 
mak+ any  noise4    ,f two old t9 pails 
remove ! h&les & b5d ! wires ar\nd s  t 
a rope may be pass$ ?r\gh ! eyes at !   
ends1 z %[n 9 ,fig4  #bf4 ,at a h>dw>e  
/ore pur*ase a pair ( five-p\nd         
sa%-weights1 &  pass ! rope ends ?r\gh !
 eyes4 ,!y %\ld !n be splic$ or  b\nd ) 
f9e l9e4 ,:5 ! ropes are reev$ ?r\gh !  
pulleys1 a  knot %\ld be made 9 ea* "o1 
s t x w *ock 9 ! top ( !  pulley & all[ 

! weights to j rea* & lightly re/ ^u !  
foot-pad4 ,!re=e1 :5 ! h&les are releas$
 ! weights w n  fall ab\t on ! floor z  
!y w\ld o!rwise d4 ,! ropes %\ld be     
ab\t five feet long f ! eyes ( ! weights
 to ! h&les4 ,t  is q suffici5t to give 
a good long /roke :ile b5d+ ! body  =w>d
 or f side to side4    ,?is ex]cis] may 
be screw$ fa/ to ! rail t %\ld ext5d all
  ar\nd ! 8gym10 & also into ! floor at 
! foot to /eady x4  ,light] or heavi]   
weights may be employ$1 z ! /r5g? ( !   
boy w w>rant1 b light weights are       
pref]able to heavy ones =  cont9u$ use4 
,an ,attic ,gymnasium    ,9 ,fig4 #bg a 
good idea is giv5 = ! arrangem5t ( an   
attic  gymnasium2 x %[s ! locations ( ! 
p>aph]nalia 9 a room ab\t  f\rte5 by    
sixte5 feet4 ,a small] room may be      
arrang$ 9 a some:at  simil> mann]1 b ea*
 piece ( app>atus mu/ be cle>$ away     
directly  x is out ( use4               
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4    ,across !   
top ( ! room1 f a w9d[-cas+ to a batt5  
screw$ fa/  to ! opposite wall1 a ladd] 

may be susp5d$4 ,ov] ! w9d[-cas+  x w\ld
 be well to atta* a batt51 s t ! ladd] w
 n spr+  out ( place4 ,a rope hang+ f "o
 end w make x possible to rea*  ! r+s4  
,a /rip or b& ( wood f\r or five in*es  
wide %\ld be nail$ all  ar\nd ! room f\r
 feet above ! floor1 aga9/ :i* to place 
p>ts  ( ! gymnasium equipm5t1 & on :i*  
to hang dumb-bells1 ,indian  clubs1 w&s1
 & ball-b>s1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4     
,"u ! trapeze or r+s x is well to place 
an old mattress1 a useful  ?+ 9 ! ev5t (
 a fall4 ,if ! room is wide en\gh1 d\ble
 sets  ( hooks may be driv5 9 !         
ceil+-beams f :i* bo? a fly+  trapeze & 
r+s may be susp5d$4 ,:5 "o or ! o!r is 9
 use1 !  extra app>atus may be drawn up 
or to "o side ( ! room4 ,a light room   
is always m *e]ful ?an a d>k "o1 & pl5ty
 ( v5tilation is  necess>y 9 ! home     
gymnasium4          ,*apt] ,,xvii    ,a 
,,m9iature ,,!atre      ,a m9iature     
!atre1 equipp$ ) curta91 flies1 drops1  
w+s1 &  sev]al good sets ( sc5]y1 is an 
unfail+ s\rce ( int]e/ &  amusem5t4 ,x  

has long be5 popul> 9 ,p>is ev5 z a     
pr(essional  =m ( ent]ta9m5t4 ,fig4 #a  
gives ! front elevation ( a m9iature    
!atre2 & ,fig4 #b1 a side view1         
illu/rates ! location ( ! work+  p>ts1 &
 ! mann] ( arrang+ ! w+s1 drops1 &      
flies4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4      
,?is !atre mu/ be made ( su* a size t :5
 x is plac$ at "o  end ( a room !       
audi5ce w h a good view ( ! =e1 middle1 
&  back gr\nd4 ,a good size = ! /age is 
f\r feet wide & five feet  long ov] all1
 ! front be+ slightly curv$1 z %[n at ,b
 9 ,fig4  #c4 ,! prosc5ium %\ld be f\r  
feet wide1 ?ree feet high1 & ) a        
sight-op5+ ?ree feet wide & ?irty in*es 
high4    ,! prosc5ium is made f ?ree    
bo>ds sev5 in*es wide &  sev5-eigh?s (  
an in* ?ick4 ,! upp] corn]s are bevell$ 
&  mitr$1 s t ! inn] edges w be recess$1
 z %[n 9 ! plan  draw+ ,fig4 #c ,a ,a4  
,! top-rails are caught at ! front to ! 
top (  ! prosc5ium ) screws1 & are      
support$ at ! re> & middle by  uprights1
 ! l[] ends ( :i* are let into ! sides  

or edge ( !  /age1 & !n made fa/ ) glue 
& screws1 z %[n at ,c ,c ,c ,c 9  ,fig4 
#c4 ,cross-braces at ! back & middle ( !
 top are screw$ to !  top-rails = /r5g?4
 ,bracket or brace pieces are caught at 
! re> (  ! la/ rail & to ! re> ( ! la/  
uprights midway betwe5 /age  & top1 &   
are made fa/ ) glue & screws1 z %[n 9   
,fig4 #d4  ,^! w hold ! framework       
securely 9 position4    ,gas1 electric  
light1 or c&les may be us$ = !          
footlights4 ,if gas  is employ$ a small 
pipe %\ld run along "u ! front ( ! /age4
  ,ov] ?is pipe a t9 cornice is arrang$ 
) holes made ?r\gh x e  ?ree in*es4 ,^! 
holes %\ld be j l>ge en\gh to admit     
gas-jets  :i* project ?r\gh x1 z %[n 9  
,fig4 #e4 ,! supply ( gas c be          
controll$ at "o side by means ( a key1 s
 t ! lights may be  l[]$ or turn$ up    
full4 ,if c&les are us$ !y %\ld be      
arrang$ on  a bo>d1 s t z !y burn l[] & 
l[] ! bo>d c be rais$4 ,if  electric    
lights are available1 !y are ! be/ (    
all1 s9ce ! dang]  ( fire is r$uc$ to a 

m9imum4 ,! small sockets1 wire1 & lamps 
us$  = ,*ri/mas-trees c be employ$1 & w 
give v good results4      ,sc5]y &      
,equipm5t    ,aft] ! con/ructional "w ( 
! /age & frame is complete1 x  w be     
necess>y to make ! sc5]y & equipm5t4 ,x 
w be be/ to  h two curta9s1 ! fir/ a    
fancy "o :i* c be pa9t$ on musl9  or a  
w9d[-%ade4 ,w9d[-%ades come pr9t$ )     
pictures on !m1  & ^! c be /r5g!n$ ) oil
 pa9ts dilut$ or ?9n$ )  b5z9e4 ,a v    
pretty out] curta9 c be made f a pr9t$  
,japanese  silk panel1 su* z are = sale 
9 ! art & dry goods-/ores4 ,?is  c be   
sew$ on a pla9 piece ( goods1 & ! upp]  
end made fa/ to a  %ade-roll]1 z %[n 9  
,fig4 #i4 ,! ma9 curta9 may be ( d5im1  
/\t  musl91 or any suitable clo? or     
fabric4 ,x is nail$ to a r\nd /ick 7a   
curta9-pole is pref]able71 :i* is cut at
 ! ends z %[n 9 ,fig4 #f4  ,! draw-/r+  
is w\nd 9 ?is groove1 & s ! curta9 is   
rais$ &  l[]$4 ,! %ade-roll] curta9 is !
 out] "o1 & is atta*$ to  ! frame at !  
top1 & j back ( ! prosc5ium1 z %[n at ,b

 9  ,fig4 #b4 ,! ma9 curta9 is j inside 
! out] "o1 & is made fa/  to a /ick ne> 
! out] curta9-roll]4 ,:5 d[n1 ! roll]   
re/s on  ! /age j back ( ! prosc5ium1 z 
%[n at ,c 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,:5 !  curta9 is  
roll$ up to ! top ( ! prosc5ium-op5+1 a 
few turns (  cord are tak5 ab\t ea* end 
( ! roll] 9 ! groove4 ,! cords !n  pass 
?r\gh screw-eyes to ! back ( !          
/age-frame1 :]e !y c  be held on a small
 cleat4 ,bo? cords pass ?r\gh ! same    
eyes1 s t  ! pair ( /r+s may be op]at$  
by "o h&4 ,! drop-curta9s at !  back ( !
 /age are pa9t$ on w9d[-%ades1 ! roll]s 
( :i* are  hung on blocks at ! "u side (
 ! top-rails & close to ! re>  uprights1
 z %[n at ,a ,a ,a 9 ,fig4 #b4          
,illu/ration3 ,,details ,,( ,,/age      
,,fig4 #b4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,fig4 
#e4    ,! flies are /rips ( musl9 pa9t$ 
to repres5t sky 9 out-door  sc5es &     
ceil+s 9 int]ior sets4 ,! flies are     
tack$ on a /ick1  ! ends ( :i* project  
beyond ! body "p ( ! fly s t !y  may re/
 on ! top-rails ( ! /age-frame1 z %[n 9 

,fig4 #g4 ,! fly  "p drops d[n two or   
?ree in*es bel[ ! upp] framework1 s z to
  be visible to ! spectators4 ,! w+s are
 ( c>d-bo>d or /iff5$  musl9 tack$ on   
frames1 ! bottoms ( :i* re/ on ! /age4  
,!  upp] "p is held betwe5 ! runn]s1 or 
cross-rails1 fa/5$ to !  "u side ( !    
top-rails1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #a & #b4    ,!
 front & back ( a w+ is %[n at ,fig4 #h4
 ,! front1 ,a1 is !  smoo? side on :i* !
 tree or o!r feature c be pa9t$4 ,!     
back1  ,b1 %[s h[ ! frame is made to    
support ?is piece ( sc5]y4 ,!  frame    
%\ld be con/ruct$ ( p9e /icks           
?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* wide  & half an in*
 ?ick4 ,:]e !y cross ea* o!r laps %\ld  
be cut  out ( ea* piece1 s t "o w lie   
flat 9 ! lap ( ! o!r4 ,!  surfaces ( all
 ! /icks be+ on "o plane1 ! frame (f]s a
 flat  surface = ! mat]ial to back      
aga9/4    ,an indep5d5t piece ( sc5]y1  
su* z ! h\se1 tree1 f5ce1 &  bu%es %[n 9
 ,fig4 #aj1 w h to be built ^u a frame1 
& a foot  mu/ be provid$ s t x w /& on !
 /age indep5d5t ( any  top1 bottom1 or  

side braces4 ,! mann] ( do+ ?is is %[n 9
 ,fig4  #aa1 ! two feet be+ 8load$0 )   
pieces ( lead at ! ends ( !  feet s t ! 
h\se _c topple =w>d4 ,v pretty sc5es c  
be  made f c>d-bo>d & ( /iff5$ goods1   
su* z cr9ol9e1 ov]  :i* ! pa9t+ c be    
done4 ,books1 magaz9es1 & photographs c 
be  drawn on to (f] sugge/ions = sc5]y &
 int]iors1 & ! sm>t  boy1 :o has "s idea
 ( p]spective1 c design & make "s mo/   
attractive /age-sett+s = ?is m9iature   
!atre4      ,! ,puppets    ,! actors &  
actresses %\ld be celluloid or papi]-ma*
 dolls1  _! feet be+ atta*$ to ?9 /rips 
( wood1 :i* c lie flat on  ! /age & be  
op]at$ f ! sides4 ,:5 ! /age is on a l9e
  ) ! eyes ( ! audi5ce1 ^! ?9 /rips w   
h>dly be notic$4  ,jo9t$ dolls may be   
us$ = ! actors :o h occasion to sit dur+
  ! p]=mance1 b x is difficult to br+   
ab\t ! *ange ( po/ure  )\t de/roy+ !    
illusion4 ,trap doors & o!r pieces (    
/age  ma*9]y may be add$ z f\nd         
necess>y1 & !re is no limit to !  +5uity
 t may be ex]cis$ 9 equipp+ our m9iature

 /age4    ,illu/ration3 ,,sc5]y ,,sets  
,,fig4 #g4 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,fig4 
#aj4 ,,fig4 #aa4    ,( c\rse ! speak+   
p>ts are tak5 by boy & girl p]=m]s1 :o  
/& on ei!r side ( ! /age1 & are conceal$
 f ! view ( !  spectators by scre5s or  
curta9s4 ,! /age-manag] & 8 assi/ant  /&
 /ill clos] 91 s z to manipulate !      
puppets4 ,a curta9-bell  arrang$ "u !   
/age1 & rung by a knock] or electric    
app>atus1  adds to ! realism4    ,?is   
!atre is to be m\nt$ on two horses1 & x 
mu/ s be scre5$  (f t no?+ is visible b 
! prosc5ium1 =e-/age1 &  footlights4    
,?is curta9+ may be done ) heavy musl91 
or ,canton  flannel ( d>k color1 or any 
mat]ial ?r\gh :i* light w n %[4         
,*apt] ,,xviii    ,,fitt+ ,,up ,a       
,,boy',s ,,room      ,:5 once a boy     
realizes :at may be done 9 ! way ( fitt+
 up 8  d5 or room1 he is sure to take an
 int]e/ 9 ! subject4 ,a c]ta9  am\nt (  
manual skill & arti/ic feel+ are1 (     
c\rse1 desirable1  b ^! qualities may be
 cultivat$1 & to a mu* great] ext5t ?an 

"o w\ld at fir/ be will+ to believe4    
,! color s*emes1 designs1 & g5]al       
sugge/ions 9 arti/ic  h&icraft t may be 
c>ri$ out 9 fitt+ up a boy's room are   
almo/  )\t limit2 b ! foll[+ ideas are  
all practical1 & !  illu/rations &      
explanations %\ld enable ! "y craftsman 
to get  satisfactory results at ! m9imum
 ( labor & exp5se4    ,9 ! selection (  
woods f :i* to build furniture1 !       
natural  product ( ! locality 9 :i* !   
boy lives mu/ be tak5 into              
consid]ation4 ,"s ,/ates gr[ p9e1       
:ite-wood 7cottonwood71 popl>1  or      
cypress1 :ile 9 o!rs spruce1 hemlock1   
maple1 & fir w be  f\nd easi] to obta94 
,9 ! ,f> ,we/1 gumwood1 r$wood1 c$>1 &  
cypress =m ! /aple supply4 ,! co/ ( !   
wood is a matt] to be  consid]$1 & (t5 !
 m arti/ic result may be secur$ by us+  
an  inexp5sive wood1 s9ce ! beautiful   
gra9 ( ! f9] v>ieties c  only be br\ght 
out by ! skill$ & exp]i5c$ workman4 ,_m 
woods  h an op5 & broad gra9 t1 if      
c>efully fill$ & v>ni%$  ov]1 w give a v

 pleas+ effect4 ,*e/nut1 butt]nut1      
qu>t]$  oak1 & a% h ?is quality1 & all (
 !m are adapt$ to furniture  con/ruction
 & room trimm+s4 ,= *airs & o!r         
furniture1 spruce1  apple-wood1 &       
cypress w give good results2 & all ( !m 
h a  pretty gra9 :5 /a9$ & v>ni%$4 ,a%  
is h>d]1 & makes good1  solid furniture4
 ,if n f\nd too difficult to "w1 x w    
prove a v  satisfactory & s]viceable    
wood = *airs1 tables1 b5*es1 & o!r      
pieces ( furniture t are subject$ to h>d
 usage4    ,9 ! con/ruction ( ! v>i\s   
pieces ( furniture illu/rat$1  ! simple 
rules ( c>p5try are to be foll[$1 & only
 ! lap1  mortise-&-t5on1 &              
tongue-&-groove jo9ts are employ$4 ,^!  
jo9ts mu/ be well made1 h[ev]1 s t      
p]fect unions w result1  = e piece (    
furniture w rack 9 "t if n prop]ly      
brac$4  ,= ?is reason only ! pla9 jo9ts 
are advocat$ = ! "y  workman2 & no?+ has
 be5 said ab\t ! d[el1 key1 & o!r  jo9ts
 t are frequ5tly employ$ by cab9et-mak]s
 9 ! g5]al  con/ruction ( furniture4 ,^!

 latt] require mu* m c>e &  accurate    
fitt+1 & = ! op5 & expos$ jo9t ! simple 
=ms are  f> bett]4      ,a ,pla9 ,*air  
,( all ! pieces ( furniture 9 ! h\se1   
*airs are ! ones mo/  us$1 &1 z !y are  
subject$ to h>d usage1 !y %\ld be well  
con/ruct$ & ! jo9ts c>efully made4    ,9
 ! pla9 *air %[n 9 ,fig4 #a ! front legs
 are sixte5 in*es  high1 ! back supports
 are ?irty-f\r in*es high1 & all ( !m   
are  "o & ?ree-qu>t] in*es squ>e4 ,all !
 side-rails & ! f\r  t support ! seat   
are two in*es wide & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an   
in*  9 ?ickness1 s t ! laps cut 9 !     
corn]-po/s 7,fig4 #b1 ,a &  ,b7 w       
correspond 9 wid? & dep?4 ,! cross-cuts 
are made ) a  f9e saw1 & ! wood remov$ )
 a broad firm]-*isel1 tak+ c>e1  h[ev]1 
n to cut deep] ?an ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 
:5 remov+  ! wood4 ,use a mallet to help
 ! *isel1 b d n seek to take out  too   
mu* at "o "t2 bett] try ?ree or f\r     
times1 & take a mod]ate  bite ea* "t1   
?an run ! risk ( hav+ a l>ge *unk come  
out &  br+ ) x "s ( ! wood t %\ld be    

left = ! rail-end to  lap aga9/4    ,!  
rail at ! front is eight in*es above !  
floor1 & ^? at !  sides are f\r in*es4  
,at ! back ! di/ance is t5 in*es f !    
floor to ! "u side ( ! cross-rail4 ,take
 c>e to make ! saw-cuts  inside !       
two-in* m>k1 s t ! rails w fit snugly   
into !  corn]-po/s )\t any play4 ,!re is
 no?+ s annoy+ 9 a *air z  to h x       
loose-jo9t$ & rickety4    ,a wood5 seat 
sixte5 in*es squ>e1 ) ! re> corn]s cut  
out to fit  ar\nd ! back po/s1 is nail$ 
or screw$ fa/ to ! top edges ( !  upp]  
rails all ar\nd2 & = ! back a           
twelve-by-sixte5-in* piece  is cut &    
screw$ fa/ 9 ! laps cut at ! upp] ends (
 ! back  po/s1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b ,b4     
,to make a com=table back & seat1 cov] !
 wood ) curl$ hair f  an old mattress1  
or "s cotton & dri$ moss2 !n tack       
unblea*$  musl9 ov] x to hold x 9 place4
 ,= ! f9al cov]+ use burlap1  d5im1     
cretonne1 or o!r /\t fabric1 t c be _h  
at a dry-goods  /ore = fifte5 or        
tw5ty-five c5ts a y>d4 ,draw x d[n &    

turn x  "u all ar\nd ! edges ( ! back & 
seat1 fa/5+ ) small  tacks driv5 at     
regul> di/ances ap>t4    ,l>ge1         
oval-head$ uphol/]]s' tacks pa9t$ black 
w appe> to good  advantage if driv5 ab\t
 two in*es ap>t along ! edge ( ! goods4 
,if !y _c be _h1 or are too exp5sive1 a 
v good sub/itute may  be made f         
%eet-lead or an old piece ( lead pipe   
split op5 &  beat5 out flat4    ,f !    
%eet ( lead cut disks ?ree-qu>t]s ( an  
in* r\nd )  a cold-*isel1 on ! upturn$  
face ( an old flat-iron4 ,) a small     
hamm] beat ! edges to resemble a        
h&-wr\ght nail-head1 simil> to  ^? y may
 h se5 9 an old h&-bell[s 9 a           
blacksmi?-%op4  ,^! are to be pa9t$     
black1 & appli$ to ! wood ) slim1       
/eel-wire nails1 ! heads ( :i* w be     
invisible if !y are driv5  well into !  
lead4 ,! heads ( ! screws t fa/5 !      
lap-jo9ts  c be hidd5 ) ^! mock         
nail-heads1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4    ,a good 
black pa9t = ! metal p>ts ( furniture is
 made by add+  dry lamp-black to "s     

brass lacqu] or %ellac1 s x w h !       
consi/5cy ( cream4 ,x is !n appli$ ) a  
s(t-hair bru% to !  surface ( ! metal1  
on :i* x w dry quickly4 ,x (t5 requires 
two  or ?ree days = oil pa9t to dry on  
metals1 & x la/s no long]  ?an ! lacqu] 
or %ellac coat+4 ,sev]al small nails    
driv5 ar\nd  ! edge ( ! mock nail-heads 
w hold !m 9 place1 & to all  appe>ances 
!y w look l ! l>ge-head$1 wr\ght        
bell[s-nails4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#a4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,fig4 #d4    
,,fig4 #e4      ,an ,odd ,*air    ,=    
/udy+ or read+1 ! *air %[n 9 ,fig4 #c w 
be f\nd a useful  piece ( furniture4    
,! wood is ?ree-qu>t]s or sev5-eigh?s ( 
an in* 9 ?ickness1  plan$ on bo? sides1 
& may be f9ally /a9$ & v>ni%$ or  pa9t$4
 ,! front po/s are f\rte5 in*es high &  
f\r in*es wide1  :ile ! back ones are   
?irty-f\r in*es high1 ?ree in*es wide at
 !  top1 & eight in*es wide at ! bottom4
 ,! side-rails are tw5ty-eight  in*es   
long1 ?ree in*es wide at ! front1 & six 
in*es across !  wide/ place ne> ! re>4  

,! side-rails are fa/5$ outside ! re>   
uprights & inside ! front po/s1 z %[n at
 ,fig4 #c4 ,at ! back1  ne> ! foot1 !   
*air is held toge!r ) a plate ( wood six
 in*es  wide & eighte5 in*es long1      
screw$ fa/ to ! l[] edge ( ! high  po/s1
 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4    ,! top ( ! re>    
uprights are b\nd toge!r ) a piece (    
two-in*  curta9-pole1 ) a saw-cut 9 !   
end to ! %\ld]1 z %[n 9 ,fig4  #e4 ,aft]
 x is 9 place1 glue-cov]$ w$ges are     
driv5 into ! saw-cuts  to make a key1 & 
s hold ! jo9t securely4 ,betwe5 ! front 
ends (  ! side-rails a simil> piece is  
plac$2 or a two-in* squ>e piece (  wood1
 ) ! front top edge r\nd$ (f1 may be    
sub/itut$4    ,! seat & back is compos$ 
( "o piece ( lea!r1 fabric1 or ev5      
c>pet1 caught to ! front & top          
cross-pieces1 & adju/$ s z to  =m a     
com=table support to ! body4    ,?is    
*air c be made ) a %ift+ back by r\nd+  
(f ! l[]  ends ( ! back uprights &      
atta*+ !m to ! side-rails ) bolts  &    
wa%]s1 "o bolt to a side4 ,) two or ?ree

 correspond+ holes  9 ! side-rail &     
upright1 pegs c be fitt$ into !m1 or a  
rod  pass$ ?r\gh f side to side ( !     
*air1 9 fa%ion simil> to !  well-kn[n   
,morris *air4 ,! pegs mu/ be /\t1 or !  
rod sub/antially  heavy1 s9ce ! lev]age 
is great & w\ld snap (f light pegs or   
b5d  a ?9 rod4      ,a ,morris ,*air    
,"o ( ! mo/ com=table pieces ( furniture
 9 a boy's room is a  ,morris *air1 & if
 prop]ly con/ruct$ x %\ld la/ almo/ = a 
lifetime4    ,fig4 #f gives a good idea 
= a solid affair t c be made tw5ty      
in*es wide & tw5ty in*es deep f outside 
to outside (  corn]-po/s4 ,! po/s are   
two in*es squ>e & tw5ty-?ree in*es      
high1 & 9 ! front & back ones laps are  
cut to receive ?ree-in*  rails1 ) ! upp]
 edges sixte5 in*es above ! floor4 ,at !
 l[]  "p ( ! sides1 five in*es above !  
floor1 two-in* rails are let  into !    
po/s4 ,f ^! side-rails to ! "u side ( ! 
arms f\r  flat balu/rades are m\nt$ &   
held 9 position to ! l[] rails )  screws
 & glue4 ,at ! upp] end !y are mortis$  

into ! "u side  ( ! arms = half an in*4 
,two m rails are let into ! po/s at  !  
inside & on a l9e ) ! rails1 at front & 
back1 t support  ! seat & to :i* ! lea!r
 is to be atta*$4    ,a frame tw5ty-two 
in*es high is made = ! back & cov]$ )   
lea!r /ret*$ tight & nail$ all ar\nd !  
edges ) l>ge1  oval-head$ uphol/]]s'    
tacks4 ,! back is h+$ to ! re> rail  ( !
 *air1 & held 9 position ) a cross-rod1 
:i* 9 turn is  support$ by wood5 p9s    
driv5 into ! end ( ! arms1 z %[n 9 !    
illu/ration4 ,! arms are w$ge-%ap$1 five
 in*es broad at ! front  & two in*es at 
! re>1 :]e ! ends are r\nd$4 ,!y are    
held to  ! tops ( ! corn]-po/s ) long1  
slim screws1 ! heads ( :i*  are cov]$ ) 
! imitation nail-heads describ$ 9 ! mak+
 ( !  pla9 *air 7,fig4 #a74             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #g4     
,,fig4 #h4      ,a ,settle    ,= ! side 
( a room1 :]e !re is space to           
accommodate x1 a settle  is a com=table 
piece ( furniture1 & ,fig4 #g gives "s  
good l9es  t c easily be foll[$4    ,!  

back ( ?is settle is =ty-two in*es long 
& ?irty-two in*es  high4 ,! seat is     
sixte5 in*es above ! floor & eighte5    
in*es  deep4 ,! front plates are ea* six
 in*es wide1 tw5ty-five in*es high1  &  
sev5-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,!y are      
atta*$ to ! front &  side rails ( !     
settle ) /\t screws & glue1 & a l9e (   
screws  is driv5 ?r\gh ! front plate &  
into ! edge ( ! "o x laps  aga9/1 z %[n 
at ,fig4 #h1 :i* is "o end ( ! settle   
frame4    ,! lea!r =m+ ! seat is drawn  
ov] ! front & back rails  7:i* are ea*  
six in*es wide71 & is nail$ to ! wood1 z
 %[n 9  ! illu/ration4 ,! lea!r is      
appli$ to ! back 9 ! same mann]1  &1 to 
hold ! edges d[n1 glue may be us$4    ,a
 *air may be con/ruct$ 9 simil> fa%ion )
 ! same height &  dep? dim5sions1 b     
tw5ty-f\r in*es wide ov] all1 !         
side-plates  "u ! arms be+ f\r in*es    
wide4      ,a ,box-desk    ,9 !         
illu/ration ( a box-desk 7,fig4 #i7 an  
idea is %[n t !  "y craftsman c easily  
"w out4    ,obta9 a box tw5ty-f\r in*es 

long1 eighte5 in*es wide1 & twelve      
in*es deep4 ,x %\ld be made ( plan$     
bo>ds4 ,at ! jo9ts drive 9  a few screws
 to make !m m secure4 ,cut two pieces ( 
wood ?irty-six  in*es long1 f\r in*es   
wide1 & sev5-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick1 &    
atta* !m to ! re> edges ( ! box :5 x is 
/ood on end1  all[+ ! l[] ends to ext5d 
d[n f\r in*es bel[ ! bottom (  ! box4   
,^! w =m ! back feet4 ,= ! front ones1  
cut two  pieces ( wood f\rte5 in*es long
 & six in*es wide1 r\nd+ (f "o  end1 &  
cutt+ ! bottom out ?ree in*es1 ?us all[+
 ! rema9+  wood to be ?ree in*es wide1 z
 %[n at ,fig4 #aj4 ,^! are fa/5$ to  !  
l[] edges ( ! box at ! sides ) screws & 
glue4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,fig4
 #aj4 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,fig4 #ab4    ,two   
%elves1 t5 in*es wide1 & z long z !     
inside wid? ( ! box1  are to be cut &   
fa/5$ six in*es ap>t1 leav+ a t5 or     
twelve  in* space at ! bottom = high    
books1 or a place to put ! feet :5      
sitt+ at ! desk4 ,a top tw5ty-two in*es 
wide & eighte5 in*es  deep is made fa/  

to ! top ( ! box1 & if a slant is desir$
 !  back ( ! top bo>d may be propp$ up =
 an in* or two ) a /rip  ( wood4 ,on !  
ends ( ! side-rails t project above !   
desk-top  a l$ge six in*es wide may be  
made fa/ = ink-bottles1 p5cils1 &  o!r  
accessories4 ,atta*$ to ! upp] edges ( !
 box brackets (  wood may be arrang$ to 
support ! project+ edge ( ! desk-top4   
,/a9 & v>ni%1 or pa9t1 w add ! f9i%+ t\*
 to ?is  box-desk4      ,a ,writ+-table 
,two boxes1 a draw]1 & a broad top c be 
easily trans=m$ into !  writ+-table %[n 
9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,if well put toge!r &      
decorat$ )  arti/ic h+e-/raps &         
escut*eons1 ! boxes are entirely hidd5 f
  sight4    ,two boxes1 ea* tw5ty-two   
in*es long1 fifte5 in*es deep1 & t5     
in*es wide 7outside measure71 are plac$ 
on end & made fa/ "u a  broad top       
=ty-five in*es long & eighte5 in*es     
wide4 ,?ree in*es  ( ! top w project    
beyond ! boxes at ! ends & front4 ,?is  
w leave a space n9ete5 in*es wide betwe5
 ! boxes4 ,at ! bottom  a l$ge eight or 

t5 in*es wide mu/ be made fa/ to !      
bottom ( !  boxes1 on :i* to re/ ! feet 
:5 writ+ at ! table4 ,?is l$ge  w also  
s]ve z a brace1 & help to hold toge!r ! 
bottoms ( !  boxes4    ,legs six in*es  
high are cut f wood sev5-eigh?s ( an in*
 ?ick1  & fa/5$ "u ! f\r corn]s at !    
front ( ! boxes4 ,at !  back1 !         
foot-piece is a bo>d t5 in*es wide1     
screw$ fa/ to !  l[] re> ends ( ! boxes1
 s t six in*es ( x w project d[n  to !  
floor to correspond ) ! legs 9 height4  
,a %all[ draw] is  made to fit betwe5 ! 
boxes1 & a slide on runn]s is atta*$ )  
screws ne> ! top4    ,doors t5 in*es    
wide & tw5ty-two in*es high are h+$ to !
 out]  sides ( ! boxes1 & f %eet-lead ! 
h+e-plates or /raps &  ! escut*eons are 
cut ) a light cold-*isel & mallet1 z %[n
 at  ,fig4 #ab1 ,a & ,b4 7,= o!r        
designs1 see ,*apt] ,,vii41 on          
,decorative  ,h>dw>e47 ,! front         
h+e-plates are eight in*es long & f\r   
in*es  wide across ! scrolls1 & ! %ort] 
ends are f\r in*es 9 l5g?4  ,! flat     

edges t butt aga9/ ! h+es mu/ be made to
 correspond  ) ! h+es 9 wid?1 b !y are  
no "p ( ! h+es prop]1  be+ purely =     
effect4 ,?is h>dw>e is coat$ ) ! black  
metal  f9i%4 ,x is !n fix$ 9 place )    
l>ge-head$ nails or )  /eel-wire nails4 
,a top bo>d1 ) half-circul> supports1 c 
be made & atta*$ to !  re> ( ! desk-top 
if ?\ght desirable4      ,a ,:atnot     
,= tr9kets1 books1 & ! g5]al assortm5t (
 odds & ends t a  boy is sure to        
possess1 ! :atnot %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac w be  
f\nd useful4    ,x is fifty-f\r in*es   
high1 tw5ty wide1 & twelve in*es deep4  
,!  cap projects two in*es beyond !     
sides & front4 ,! side-bo>ds are  cut up
 at ! bottom1 ! angle ( ! coves be+ t5  
in*es above !  floor4 ,ne> ! top a      
correspond+ effect is obta9$ by cutt+   
out  pieces ( wood 9 ! =m ( %ields4 ,!  
side-l$ges are ?irty-six  in*es above ! 
floor1 twelve in*es long1 & sev5 wide4  
,!y are  support$ by two brackets at ea*
 side1 five in*es wide at ! top &  six  
in*es deep1 cut z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 &

 made fa/ )  glue & screws4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,fig4 #ad4   
,,fig4 #ae4    ,! l$ge ov] ! draw]s is  
=ty in*es above ! floor1 & ea*  draw] is
 five in*es deep4 ,! l[] l$ge or %elf is
 twelve in*es  above ! floor1 & ! front 
edge is cut 9 ) a compass-saw4    ,all !
 wood-"w is ( /ock sev5-eigh?s ( an in* 
?ick1 & !  edges ( ! %elves are butt$   
aga9/ ! side-bo>ds1 ?r\gh :i*  screws   
are pass$1 ! real heads be+ aft]w>ds    
cov]$ ) ! mock  nail-heads4 ,! usual /a9
 & v>ni% w treat ! wood nicely &  l5d a 
good f9i% to ?is useful bit ( furniture4
      ,a ,treasure-*e/    ,= /amps1     
co9s1 m9]als1 & o!r valuable            
possessions1 !  treasure-*e/ %[n 9 ,fig4
 #ad is j ! ?+4    ,to give ! *e/ an    
appe>ance ( /r5g? & security1 ! doors   
%\ld be made ( wood "o & a qu>t] in*es  
?ick1 :ile ! legs &  feet %\ld be (     
"o-&-a-half in* /ock4 ,! box is ?irty   
in*es  long1 eighte5 in*es high1 &      
twelve in*es deep 7inside measure71 &  !
 top projects an in* & a half ov] ! ends

 & front :5 !  doors are clos$4 ,! legs 
are tw5ty-eight in*es high & twelve     
in*es  wide4 ,at ! l[] ends feet are cut
 f wood ! same ?ickness z !  legs1 &    
made fa/ to !m ) screws4 ,a cross-rail  
six in*es wide &  cut 9 at ! "u edge is 
mortis$ & t5on$ into ! legs twelve      
in*es above ! floor2 :ile across ! top (
 ! legs a bo>d twelve  in*es wide is    
securely fa/5$1 & brac$ at ! back ) a   
f\r-in*  rail1 to prev5t ?is base f     
rack+ ) ! weight ( ! *e/4    ,%elves &  
divisions are arrang$1 accord+ to       
requirem5t1 )9 !  *e/4 ,to close x1 two 
doors are swung on /\t h+es1 aga9/ :i*  
lead hasps are m\nt$ to l5d an appe>ance
 ( /r5g?4 ,^! are cut  f /\t %eet-lead1 
& appli$ ) l>ge-head$ uphol/]]s' nails  
pa9t$ black4 ,! front hasp-ends %\ld be 
t5 in*es long & !  return ends five     
in*es 9 l5g?4 ,ov] ! key-hole a long    
hasp may  be plac$1 ) a correspond+ "o  
on ! o!r door to complete !  decorative 
effect4      ,/udy+-table & ,/ool    ,= 
s]vice & com=t :5 /udy+ or writ+1 two   

useful pieces (  furniture are %[n 9    
,fig4 #ae4    ,! top ( ! table is       
tw5ty-f\r in*es wide & =ty-two in*es    
long4 ,x c be made f ?ree or f\r bo>ds (
 p9e or :ite-wood  glu$ toge!r at !     
edges & batt5$ at ! "u side4 ,! front   
legs %\ld be tw5ty-sev5 in*es high & two
 & a half in*es squ>e4  ,! re> legs are 
?irty-n9e in*es high1 & :]e ! table-top 
jo9s !m laps are cut out on two sides = 
a dep? ( "o in*1 & a  correspond+ not*  
is cut f ! corn] ( ! l$ge s z to fit    
into  ! lap4 ,! l[] rail at ! back is   
six in*es wide1 & ! l[]  side-rails are 
f\r in*es wide4 ,! %elf atta*$ to ! top 
( !  re> po/s is sev5 in*es wide &      
=ty-two in*es long4 ,x ne$ n be  m ?an  
sev5-eigh?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 & !    
front ends ( x  may be support$ ) %ort  
bracket /icks :i* re/ on ! table-top    
close to ! re> po/s4    ,at bo? ! front 
& back brace-/rips are let into ! legs &
 !  edge ( ! table1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ae2  
^! pieces are eighte5 in*es  long &     
bevell$ at bo? ends4    ,to accurately  

cut ! laps 9 ! legs & table-top1 lay a  
/rip across  9 ! prop] place1 & m>k !   
l9es ) a p5cil2 !n ) a saw  cut sl[ly & 
accurately on ?is l9e to ! prop] dep?4  
,) a *isel  cut ! wood away & let 9 !   
brace-/rips1 :5 !y c be securely  fa/5$ 
) glue & screws4 ,at bo? ends %elves may
 be atta*$ to  ! po/s & ! braces1 z %[n 
9 ! illu/ration4 ,^! w make  good       
book-l$ges or conv5i5t places = p5cil & 
p5 boxes1 extra  pads1 & s*ool trapp+s4 
,books may re/ on ! table "u ! top      
%elf4 ,to prev5t _! fall+ (f at ! back1 
a rail two in*es wide  is atta*$ to !   
re> po/s & support$ at ! middle by a    
%ort  upright block :i* also acts1 z a  
brace to ! middle ( ! top %elf4    ,!   
/ool is eighte5 in*es high1 sixte5 in*es
 long1 & f\rte5  in*es wide4 ,!         
corn]-po/s are two in*es squ>e1 & !     
rails are  two in*es wide & ?ree-qu>t]s 
( an in* ?ick4 ,at ! sides !  top-rails 
support ! seat1 :i* is a piece ( c[hide 
atta*$ )  nails & glue1 ov] :i*         
imitation nail-heads are made fa/4 ,!   

l[]  rails1 at front & back1 are ?ree   
in*es above ! floor1 & ! l[]  side-rails
 are eight in*es above ! floor4 ,/a9 &  
?9 %ellac w  f9i% ?is wood-"w nicely4   
,*apt] ,,xix    ,,pa9t+1 ,,decorat+1 ,,&
 ,,/5cill+      ,!re are v few crafts t 
a boy takes hold ( ) s mu*  confid5ce z 
pa9t+4 ,9 ! av]age boy's m9d x m]ely    
means gett+  a pot full ( pa9t1 a bru%1 
& daub+ x on4 ,?is is pa9t+ 9 "o  s5se (
 ! ^w1 b n pa9t+ z a real craftsman %\ld
 d x4    ,good pa9t+ is a skill$ trade1 
j z are horse%oe+1 plumb+1 or           
bricklay+4 ,b ?is manual is n int5d$ to 
be an artisan's guide2  all t c be done 
is to lay d[n c]ta9 pr9ciples1 & to give
 !  practical h9ts t may make a boy's   
ef=ts 9 ?is l9e wor? :ile4    ,x is n   
necess>y t a boy %\ld "k h[ to make     
pa9ts2 t is  a bran* ( manufacture t    
requires ye>s ( exp]i5ce1 improv$       
ma*9]y1 & *emical & m9]al =mul4 ,a boy  
%\ld "k1 h[ev]1  :at pa9ts are made (1  
h[ prep>$1 & h[ !y are mix$1 s t he  w  
be able to "w ) intellig5ce & success4  

,! basis ( all good pa9t suitable =     
wood-"w is lead or z9c4 ,"s  pa9t]s     
pref] all lead = outside "w1 :ile o!rs  
take two-?irds  ( lead & "o-?ird ( z9c1 
& !n add ! color+ du/ or gr\nd  colors  
to get ! requir$ %ade4 ,bo? :ite-lead & 
z9c are gr\nd 9  l9se$-oil1 & c be      
pur*as$ 9 cans1 or kegs1 rang+ 9 weight 
f "o-p\nd t9s to five-hundr$-p\nd kegs4 
,z9c is sold 9 ! same  k9d ( packages1 &
 ! co/ 9 small quantities is ab\t t5    
c5ts  a p\nd4 ,inside %ades ( any color 
are g5]ally made ( two-?irds  z9c &     
"o-?ird :ite-lead2 !n ! du/ or gr\nd    
colors are add$  to tone d[n ! :ite to  
any desir$ %ade4 ,pure boil$ l9se$-oil  
& good turp5t9e %\ld be us$ to ?9 pa9ts4
 ,b5z9e1 naph?a1  k]os5e1 or o!r oils   
%\ld nev] be us$ 9 ! prep>ation or  ?9n+
 ( pa9ts unless = special purposes4     
,to make ! be/ pa9t = outside use1 take 
two p\nds ( :ite-lead &  "o p\nd (      
:ite-z9c1 & mix !m ?or\ghly1 add+ :atev]
 oil  is necess>y to r5d] ! mixture ab\t
 ! consi/5cy ( ri* cream4  ,if color+   

matt] is to be add$1 x is be/ to use !  
gr\nd colors  r ?an ! dry du/s1 because 
! colors gr\nd 9 oil are mu*  f9]1 & w  
mix bett] ) pa9t ?an ! du/s4 ,colors    
gr\nd 9  oil may be pur*as$ at a pa9t   
/ore = t5 or fifte5 c5ts a p\nd4  ,a    
portion ( ! color %\ld be ?9n$ fir/ )   
turp5t9e1 & !n  add$ to ! pot ( mix$    
:ite1 /irr+ ! mixture :ile ! color+  is 
add$4    ,if ! pa9t %\ld n be ?9 en\gh  
to lay on ! wood1 y may add  small      
portions ( turp5t9e until x is ! "r     
consi/5cy4 ,a little  exp]i5ce is ! be/ 
tea*] 9 ?is matt]1 & to make sure1 x is 
well to ask a pa9t]4 ,pa9t]s1 & all     
ma/]s ( arts & crafts  n[adays1 are mu* 
m easily approa*$ ?an !y 7 a few ye>s   
ago1  & a boy :o really wants to "k1 &  
:o goes ab\t x 9 ! "r  way1 c g5]ally   
get ! k or advice he is seek+4 ,:5 mak+ 
pa9t = inside use1 take ! proportion (  
two p>ts ( z9c to "o  "p ( lead1 !n mix 
& ?9 ) oil to ! consi/5cy ( ri* milk  or
 ?9 cream4    ,be=e new wood-"w is      
pa9t$1 all knots or sappy places %\ld be

  giv5 a coat or two ( %ellac to 8set0 !
 sap4 ,! prim+1 or fir/  coat1 %\ld be  
compos$ ( equal p>ts ( boil$ l9se$-oil &
  :ite-lead = outside1 or z9c ) "s      
turp5t9e = inside "w4  ,:5 ?is is dry "o
 or two coats are to be laid on1 tak+   
c>e to apply  ! pa9t ev5ly & to "w x    
into all cracks1 crevices1 & corn]s4  ,!
 secret ( good "w is n 9 daub+ a :ole   
lot ( pa9t on !  surface to be cov]$1 b 
9 lay+ x on ev5ly & 9 a ?9 coat+1  s t x
 w nei!r gum nor run4 ,two or ?ree ?9   
coats are always  bett] ?an "o ?ick "o1 
& ! extra "t sp5t 9 putt+ ! ?9  coats   
on1 & 9 go+ ov] ! "w sev]al times1 w be 
amply repaid1  because ! "w w la/4 ,!   
?ick coat w dry unev5ly1 & 9 "t  w *ip1 
crack1 & peel (f4    ,:5 pa9t+ ov] old  
wood-"w1 x is always be/ to scrape or   
remove  z mu* ( ! old pa9t z possible4  
,!n s&--pap] ev]y?+ smoo?1  & wa% all   
surfaces ( pa9t$ wood-"w ) a sponge &   
sapolio1  or o!r good sc\r+ soap4 ,if   
!re %\ld be any glossy surfaces  to !   
wood-"w x is be/ to give !m a wa%+ ) a v

 /rong  solution ( wa%+ soda4 ,a        
saturat$ solution ( ! soda is be/4 ,?is 
is made by add+ wa%+ soda to wat] 7ab\t 
a p\nd to two qu>ts71  & mix+ or /irr+ x
 until ! wat] has tak5 up all ! soda x  
w hold4 ,aft] ! soda-wat] has be5 appli$
 to ! wood-"w1 be  c>eful to wa% x all  
(f ) cle> wat]1 *ang+ ! bucket ( wat]   
frequ5tly1 s t no traces ( soda w be    
left on ! wood-"w4  ,foll[ ^! directions
 explicitly1 & d n try y\r own way nor  
tru/  to luck to h ! new job look well &
 la/4 ,!re is an old say+  t 8,a little 
putty & pa9t hide a multitude ( s910 b  
get rid (  z mu* ( ! 8s90 z y c be=e !  
new coat is put on4 ,! soda  ba? is     
p>ticul>ly necess>y on old furniture t  
has be5 v>ni%$  sev]al times4 ,pa9t w n 
hold on v>ni%$ surfaces unless !  v>ni% 
is fir/ cut ) soda-wat] or "s ( ! prep>$
 pa9t &  v>ni% remov]s4    ,x is always 
be/ to mix y\r own pa9ts r ?an to       
pur*ase  8ready-mix$0 pa9ts or 8prep>$  
pa9ts0 at a /ore4 ,!re are1 (  c\rse1 a 
great _m reputable mak]s ( mix$ pa9ts1 &

 y may use  _! prep>ations if y s       
desire4 ,b my advice to ! "y craftsman  
is to pur*ase ! raw mat]ials ( a good   
deal] & le>n h[ to mix  8 own pa9ts4    
,:5 y h f9i%$ us+ y\r bru%es !y %\ld be 
wa%$ out--fir/  ) turp5t9e1 !n rubb$ out
 9 k]os5e oil & laid away = future  use4
 ,if !y are to be us$ aga9 )9 a few     
days1 x w n be  necess>y to wa% !m out1 
& !y may be all[$ to /& 9 wat]4  ,bore a
 hole ?r\gh ! h&le1 & slip ?r\gh a /\t  
wire s t  ! ends ( x w re/ on ! top edge
 ( a c4 ,! bru% %\ld !n  be plac$ 9 ! c 
s t x w hang on ! wire b n t\* !        
bottom1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,!n wat] is   
put 9 until x j cov]s  ! bri/les1 z %[n 
at ,a4 ,nev] drop a bru% into a pail or 
c (  wat] = ev5 s %ort a "t z ov]night4 
,! bru% sags & causes  ! bri/les to     
curve1 z %[n at ,b1 & x is !n a h>d     
matt] to  get !m /raight aga94 ,! sev]al
 k9ds ( bru%es t a boy w  ne$ = 8 "w are
 %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,a is a regul>         
wire-b\nd bri/le  bru% :i* c be _h at a 
pa9t or h>dw>e /ore 9 sev]al sizes2  ,b 

is kn[n z a 8sa% tool02 ,c is a flat    
floor or v>ni% bru%2 ,d is  a siz+1     
kalsom9e1 or :itewa% bru%2 & at ,e a    
r\nd-l9] or  /ipple bru% & a flat tool  
are %[n4 ,= light "w ! t9-f]rul$1       
c$>-h&le flat bri/le bru% c be _h 9     
sizes rang+ f "o to  six in*es 9 wid?4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,fig4 #b4     
,!re is no?+ t fre%5s up a room s mu* z 
repa9t$ wood-"w1  newly pap]$ or t9t$   
walls1 & kalsom9$ ceil+s2 & :ile x may  
n be possible = a boy to become an exp]t
 pap]-hang]1 x is q  )9 8 ability to t9t
 walls & ceil+s1 pa9t wood-"w1 &  v>ni% 
! floors4 ,if he has any arti/ic faculty
 :atev] he c d a  great deal ( effective
 decorat+1 & ?is is a subject t we w  n[
 discuss at great] l5g?4      ,decorat+ 
,!re is no secret 9 ! art ( decorat+4   
,good judgm5t1 good  craftsman%ip1 &    
common-s5se1 c\pl$ ) ! use ( ! be/      
mat]ials1 w always br+ ab\t good        
results4    ,! s*emes t are %[n 9 !     
illu/rations on ! foll[+ pages  are ^? t
 any boy c c>ry out2 & ) a fair k (     

c>p5try1 pa9t+1 & o!r crafts he w f9d x 
an enjoyable task  to *ange 8 room into 
"o conta9+ *>act]i/ic features ( 8 own  
inv5tion or creation4    ,a v simple    
effect is %[n 9 ,fig4 #c1 & = ?is room x
 w n be  necess>y to remodel or *ange   
any ( ! wood-"w4 ,aft] remov+ all  old  
pap] f ! walls ) hot wat] & a sponge 7& 
clean+ (f  ! ceil+ also71 ! walls &     
ceil+ %\ld be giv5 a coat ( size4  ,?is 
is made by dissolv+ a h&ful ( good gr\nd
 or flake glue 9 a  pailful ( wat]1 & !n
 pa9t+ x on ! wall ) a wide bru%4  ,d n 
slop ! size ov] ! floor1 nor h y\r bru% 
too wet )  ! glue-wat] :5 y are us+ x4  
,try to "w x 9 well r ?an  attempt to   
lay x on ?ick4 ,:5 x is dry y c         
kalsom9e1 pap]1 or  t9t ov] ! walls1 & !
 size w help to hold ! cov]+ mat]ial  9 
place4 ,! wood-"w 9 ?is room is pa9t$   
:ite or a light %ade (  any color t is  
easily wa%$ & kept clean4 ,if pap] is to
 be us$ on  ! side walls1 "s v good     
patt]ns c be select$ at a /ock h\se  t w
 n co/ m ?an tw5ty-five c5ts a roll4    

,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c--;,a ,,boy',s   
,,room    ,! patt]n %[n 9 ?is s*eme is 9
 /ripes & runn+ v9es4 ,above  !         
picture-m\ld+ ! wall is t9t$ or pap]$ ) 
a light-buff  pap]4 ,) "s apple-gre5    
fresco-pa9t ! laurel-bu% tops are drawn 
9 above e o!r /ripe1 if !y are wide     
en\gh ap>t4 ,?is makes a  good f9i% to  
broad /ripes t w\ld o!rwise /op at !    
m\ld+4  ,a small desk c be built 9 "o   
corn]4 ,x has a h+$ top1 & )9  x        
writ+-mat]ials may be kept4 ,above !    
desk a book-l$ge may be  atta*$ to !    
wall ) two brackets4 ,simple curta9s at 
! w9d[s  & a pa9t$ or /a9$ & v>ni%$     
floor1 ) a c>pet rug at !  c5tre1 w     
complete ! decorat+ ( ?is room4 ,! co/  
%\ld n  exce$ t5 doll>s4      ,decorat+ 
a ,b$room    ,( ! _m attractive s*emes =
 ! decoration ( ! b$room1 !re  are none 
s pleas+ & la/+ z ! pla9 pap] & an      
ornam5tal  frieze4    ,a full-patt]n    
pap] soon becomes tiresome1 & :ile !re  
are ?\s&s  ( pretty figur$ pap]s adapt$ 
to b$rooms1 at lea/ "o-half ( !  b$rooms

 9 our homes are ov]done or poorly      
pap]$4 ,small figures &  z ne>ly neutral
 %ades z possible %\ld be us$1 z !y are 
re/ful  to ! eyes1 p>ticul>ly 9 "t (    
sickness4 ,9 ,fig4 #d a pleas+  s*eme is
 %[n1 & :ile its beauty lies 9 its      
simplicity1 x is q  z inexp5sive z x is 
attractive4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4     
#d--;,a ,,b$room    ,p9k is ! g5]al     
tone1 & ! wood-"w is pa9t$ cream color  
or  light ivory4 ,f\r feet & six in*es  
above ! floor a rail is run  ar\nd !    
room1 & betwe5 x & ! surbase v]tical    
/rips are made  fa/ to divide ! wa9scot 
into panels4    ,pla9 c>tridge or +ra9  
pap] is hung on ! wall above ! surbase1 
& betwe5 ! rail & picture-m\ld+ a       
light]-p9k pap] is  appli$4 ,?is may be 
a f9ely figur$ pap]1 or a n>r[1         
sat9-/rip$  pap] t c be _h at tw5ty-five
 to fifty c5ts a roll4 ,a bord]  pap] ) 
g>l&s & ribbons1 to mat* ! %ade ( !     
o!rs1 may  be _h by ! y>d or roll 9     
sev]al wid?s4 ,light %ades ( s(t gre5   
or rob9's-egg blue1 ) :ite wood-"w1     

always make an effective &  *e]ful      
comb9ation4    ,an arti/ic effect = !   
door may be secur$ by mak+ ?9 panels =  
! upp] & l[] sections1 & cov]+ !m ) a   
fabric or burlap  z ne> ! %ade ( ! pap] 
z x c be mat*$4 ,^! are atta*$  to !    
door ) a few l>ge1 oval-head$ nails     
pa9t$ black4 ,%eet-lead  escut*eons &   
h+e-/raps c be made & appli$ to ! wood )
  oval-head$ uphol/]]s' nails pa9t$     
black4 ,any o!r metal-"w 9  ! room is to
 be coat$ black4    ,p9k1 black1 &      
cream1 or pale-gre51 black1 & ivory     
color make  pleas+ & *e]ful comb9ations 
= b$room decoration1 & !y d  n become   
tiresome4    ,a feature 9 ?is s*eme is !
 mode ( susp5d+ small pictures f  ! rail
 by means ( h>ness-r+s & l>ge-head$     
nails pa9t$ black4  ,! l>g] pictures    
hung above ! rail are arrang$ s t !     
bottom  ( ea* is on a l9e ) or t\*es !  
rail4      ,a ,boy's ,room    ,!        
arrangem5t & s*eme = "o side ( a model  
boy's room is %[n 9  ,fig4 #e4 ,9 ?is   
attractive room ! wood-"w is :ite1 or v 

light 9  color1 & ! walls a s(t1        
light-tea or olive gre54 ,! bord] above 
! picture-m\ld+ is a light %ade ( old   
p9k +ra9 pap] on :i*  ! wrea? & g>l&    
bord] is pa9t$ 9 fresco colors or       
/5cill$4    ,at "o side ( ! room a g5]\s
 *e/ ( draw]s c be built 9  a corn]1 &  
?ree feet up f ! floor a long drop-l$ge 
may  be made fa/ to ! wall & arrang$ s t
 h+e-brackets w  support x4 ,:5 n 9 use 
= draw+ or /udy+1 ! brackets c  be fold$
 9 aga9/ ! wall & ! l$ge dropp$ d[n4    
,above ?is  l$ge1 & ext5d+ f ! *e/ (    
draw]s to a w9d[ or door1 a             
comp>tm5t-ne/ ( %elves may be made f    
?ree bo>ds ) %ort]  ones = p>titions4   
,?is is support$ e two feet ( its l5g? )
  brackets screw$ securely to ! "u side 
( ! bottom %elf &  to ! wall4 ,at ! top 
x is also secur$ ) small /rips ( metal  
screw$ fa/ to ! back edge ( ! top %elf1 
& ?r\gh :i* screws  pass into ! wall4   
,%ort curta9s ( "s light mat]ial may be 
hung  f a wire /ret*$ along ! "u side ( 
! top %elf & caught up  to x 9 "o or two

 places ) /aples4    ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #e--;,a ,,boy',s ,,/udy ,,room   
,! floor 9 a boy's room %\ld be ( /a9$ &
 v>ni%$ n>r[  bo>ds ov] :i* a rug c be  
?r[n4 ,?is makes x possible = !  out]   
edges ( ! floor to be wip$ up frequ5tly1
 & does n all[  du/ to settle at !      
corn]s or edges z x w\ld 9 a c>pet4 ,all
 !  metal-"w1 su* z gas-brackets1 h+es1 
hasps1 escut*eons1 h&les1  & cat*es1    
%\ld be giv5 a coat or two ( black f9i%1
 :i* w  l5d !m ! appe>ance ( be+ wr\ght 
iron4      ,ano!r ,boy's ,room    ,!    
panell$ wa9scot 9 ,fig4 #f is =m$ (     
v]tical /rips ( wood f\r  in*es wide &  
f\r feet high1 m\nt$ above ! surbase4   
,on top (  ^! a six-in* b& ( wood is    
c>ri$ all ar\nd ! room1 on :i* a        
five-in* l$ge is m\nt$1 ! latt] be+     
support$ on brackets :i*  l9e ) ! c5tre 
( ! v]tical /rips4 ,! doors1 door & w9d[
  cas+s1 surbase1 & wa9scot-rails are   
pa9t$ :ite1 & all !  h>dw>e is black4   
,h+e-/raps ( lead are cut & fa/5$ to !  
doors & cas+s )  l>ge1 oval-head$ nails4

 ,to cov] ! panels 9 ! doors1 "o l>ge   
panel is made f ?9 wood4 ,x is cov]$ )  
burlap & nail$ fa/  to ! side ( ! door  
fac+ ! room1 ) l>ge-head$ nails1 or     
mock nail-heads n less ?an "o in* 9     
diamet]4 ,f\r-in* l$ges are  plac$ ov] !
 door & w9d[ cas+s4 ,^! are support$ by 
brackets  at ! ends t l9e ) ! middle ( !
 cas+ uprights4    ,! walls above !     
wa9scot-l$ge are pap]$1 & ! panels 9 !  
wa9scot are cov]$ ) burlap glu$ to !    
wall4 ,! burlap on !  panels & doors may
 be 9 a c(fee or light-br[n color1 & !  
pap]  %\ld !n be a light %ade ( old     
gre54 ,! ceil+ is t9t$ light  buff4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f--;,,ano!r       
,,boy',s ,,room      ,a ,nurs]y    ,if a
 boy has "s y\ng] bro!rs or si/]s1 he c 
fix up _! room  or nurs]y 9 "s su* mann]
 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,! walls are to be   
clean$ & siz$2 !n ! wood-"w is pa9t$    
:ite1 & a toy l$ge  or rail is made fa/ 
) small brackets1 two feet & six in*es  
up f  ! floor1 or ab\t on a l9e ) !     
w9d[-sills4    ,! l[] "p ( ! wall is to 

be cov]$ ) d>k-color$ burlap1 &  above !
 l$ge a light]-color$ burlap or d5im is 
appli$ ) heavy  pa/e1 to :i* a h&ful (  
glue has be5 add$4    ,ano!r b n>r[]    
rail is made fa/ to ! wall ab\t on a l9e
 )  ! middle rib ( ! w9d[s4 ,above t !  
walls & ceil+ are  pa9t$ 9 imitation ( !
 blue sky ) fleecy :ite cl\ds float+    
ab\t4 ,pa9t 9 "s birds fly+ 9 ! air1 &  
"o or two p]*$ on  ! tops ( ! w9d[ &    
door cas+s4 ,if ?is "w is well done x  w
 h a v reali/ic appe>ance4 ,pictures may
 be hung above ! toy  l$ge & "u ! top   
/rip by means ( l>ge r+s pa9t$ black4   
,/5cill+    ,! art ( /5cill+1 al?\gh a v
 old "o1 is con/antly be+  reviv$ ?r\gh 
! ef=ts ( amateur craftsm54 ,_m ( ! art 
textiles n[ to be _h 9 ! art & dry-goods
 /ores h pr9t$  patt]ns 9 imitation (   
?is /yle ( decoration4 ,no?+ 9 ! way (  
ma*9e-pr9t+1 h[ev]1 c equal ! h&-/5cill$
 fabrics4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4       
#g--;,a ,,nurs]y    ,simple figures are 
easily /5cill$ on fabrics1 pap]s1 or    
walls1 &  ! beg9n] w be wise 9 us+ !    

small1 cle>ly def9$ figures2  !n1 z     
pr(ici5cy is acquir$1 ! m intricate &   
ornate patt]ns  & designs may be        
employ$4 ,e "y craftsman %\ld cut 8 own 
/5cil-plates f fibre or oil-bo>d4 ,x    
%\ld be ab\t ! ?ickness  ( two ord9>y   
call+-c>ds1 & /iff en\gh to hold its    
%ape4 ,!  design is drawn directly on ! 
mat]ial1 or on a piece ( br[n pap]1  &  
!n transf]r$ to ! bo>d4 ,) a %>p        
knife-blade ! outl9e  is c>efully cut1  
tak+ c>e to leave ! bridges :i* are     
necess>y  to hold ! p>ts toge!r4 ,?is is
 cle>ly %[n 9 ,fig4 #h1 :i* is a  small 
/5cil = a fleur-de-lis4 ,9 ,fig4 #i ,a !
 effect is %[n aft]  ! pigm5t has be5   
appli$ to ! fabric or wall4 ,if !       
ornam5t _h  be5 pr9t$ or /amp$1 h[ev]1 x
 w\ld h be5 made )\t any  breaks1 or z  
%[n 9 ,fig #i ,b4    ,fresco colors %\ld
 be employ$ = /5cill+ on walls1 b on    
fabrics  anil9e colors or dilut$        
oil-pa9ts may be us$ to good advantage4 
,:5 prep>+ colors = fabrics1 ! tube     
oil-pa9ts1 or body colors  gr\nd 9 oil1 

%\ld be employ$4 ,!y %\ld be ?9n$ )     
b5z9e1  & plac$ 9 ! bottom ( a di% or   
sauc]1 s t ! /5cil-bru%  w take up !    
colors at ! tip ends ( ! bri/les4       
,fresco colors  = walls %\ld be us$     
?ick1 or ab\t ! consi/5cy ( ri* cream1  
:ile ^? ( oil or anil9e ne$ n be ?ick]  
?an milk4 ,regul>  /5cil-bru%es mu/ be  
us$ = ?is "w4 ,su* bru%es may be _h at  
any pa9t /ore1 & w appe> z %[n 9 ,fig4  
#aj4 ,/5cil-bru%es are  r\nd1 some?+ l a
 %av+-bru%1 b ! bri/les are /iff] &  are
 /ubb$ or cut squ>e at ! ends4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4     
,,fig4 #aj4 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,fig4 #ab4     
,,fig4 #ac4    ,:5 cutt+ y\r /5cils1    
keep turn+ ! oil-bo>d s t y  always make
 ! cut t[>ds y4 ,lay ! mat]ial on a     
smoo? piece (  close-gra9$ wood1 or a   
%eet ( z9c1 & hold y\r knife ) !  blade 
9 a v]tical position1 & n to "o side or 
! o!r4 ,d n  make bevell$ cuts4 ,/raight
 ones are necess>y or !re w be sme>$    
edges4    ,= a /5cil-plate to make !    
g>l& & ribbon bord] %[n 9 !  frieze ( ! 

room 7,fig4 #d71 a "o-half section only 
is necess>y 7see  ,fig4 #aa74 ,! full   
l5g? ( a g>l& is m>k$ on ! wall by      
indicat$  dots1 ) *alk or p5cil2 !n !   
half g>l&s are /5cill$  all ar\nd !     
room4 ,:5 complet$1 ! /5cil-plate is    
c>efully  wip$ (f2 !n x is rev]s$ & !   
rema9+ halves are done4 ,!  /5cil-plate 
= ! wrea? ribbon & g>l& bord] %[n 9 !   
room  7,fig4 #e7 is illu/rat$ at ,fig4  
#ab4 ,?is is a half g>l& & wrea?1  & is 
us$ z describ$ = ,fig4 #aa4 ,!          
/5cil-plate %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac  c be us$ z 
! frieze or bord] 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,?is is an
 empire design1  & its dignity & beauty 
make x a fitt+ ornam5t = any room 9 a   
h\se4          ,*apt] ,,xx    ,,nooks   
,,= ,,books      ,!re is always a dem& 9
 ! h\se = conv5i5t places 9 :i*  books1 
pamphlets1 magaz9es1 & pap]s may be     
kept1 ?us avoid+ !  necessity ( scatt]+ 
!m ov] tables & %elves t are prop]ly    
res]v$ = o!r ?+s4 ,regul> bookcases are 
suitable = a libr>y1  arrang$ especially
 = ! purpose ( h>bor+ books1 b = !      

sitt+-room1 b$room1 or hall ! odd rack1 
%elf1 hang+ cab9et1 or  conv5i5t nook is
 an acceptable addition to ! ord9>y     
furniture4    ,among ! foll[+           
illu/rations may be f\nd a v>iety (     
ideas 9 book  receptacles4 ,any ( !m c  
be made at home by ! boy craftsman1 (   
inexp5sive mat]ials t may be at h&1 or  
*eaply pur*as$ f a  c>p5t]4    ,all ( ^!
 designs are entirely practical1 & may  
be con/ruct$ )  ! aid ( ord9>y tools1 ! 
jo9ts1 laps1 & mat*$ edges be+ (  !     
simple/ =ms4 ,! /a9+1 decorat+1 & f9i%+ 
( ^!  pieces ( odd furniture are easily 
)9 ! av]age boy's ability1 &  if !      
in/ructions are c>efully foll[$ !       
results %\ld be mo/  satisfactory4      
,a ,wall-rack    ,( ^! designs !        
wall-rack 7,fig4 #a7 is p]haps ! easie/ 
to  con/ruct1 s9ce x is =m$ ( b ?ree    
%elves & "s n>r[ rails4    ,a conv5i5t  
size w be f tw5ty-sev5 to ?irty-six     
in*es long1  tw5ty in*es high 7f top to 
bottom %elf71 & eight in*es deep4  ,!   
extreme height f top to bottom1 along ! 

middle wall /rip1 is  ab\t ?irty-eight  
in*es4 ,! wood %\ld be ?ree-qu>t]s ( an 
in*  9 ?ickness1 plan$ on bo? sides1 &  
free f knots or sappy places4  ,! /rips1
 except+ ! c5tre-piece at ! back1       
measure two & a  half in*es 9 wid?1 &   
:]e "o crosses ano!r a lap is cut 9 ea*1
  z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,?is may be done ) a
 f9e saw & *isel1 & !  jo9t held firmly 
) glue4 ,:]e ! %elves jo9 ! uprights at 
!  ends a groove is cut 9 ! end-rails to
 receive ! ends ( ! %elves1  z %[n 9    
,fig4 #c4 ,! curv$ sections ( ! rails1 !
 back-bo>d1  & ! tops ( ! upright /rips 
at ! back %\ld be cut ) a  compass-saw &
 aft]w>ds s&-pap]$ or dress$ d[n ) a    
wood-file4  ,all ! edges ( ! wood-"w    
%\ld be r\nd$ by means ( a small  plane 
or s&-pap]1 s9ce %>p corn]s are n       
desirable on useful  furniture4    ,long
 screws %\ld be driv5 ?r\gh ! end-/rips 
& into ! ends  ( ! %elves to hold !m    
firmly 9 place4 ,to cov] ! screw-heads  
& l5d !m ! appe>ance ( be+ l>ge1        
wr\ght-head$ nails1  false heads %\ld be

 made f scraps ( ?ick %eet-lead & atta*$
  to ! wood ) slim1 /eel-wire nails4 ,to
 make ^! heads1 disks  ?ree-qu>t]s ( an 
in* 9 diamet] are cut f %eet-lead ) a   
cold-*isel & mallet1 ! "w be+ impos$ on 
! upturn$ face  ( an old flat-iron4 ,) a
 light hamm] ! edges are beat5 to give  
!m ! appe>ance ( anvil-made nails1 su* z
 7 us$ ye>s ago 9  decorations1 & on    
antique *e/s1 doors1 lea!r-cov]$        
furniture1 &  walls laid 9 tool$ lea!r4 
,^! nails 7 h&-made1 & crude b  arti/ic 
9 appe>ance2 !y are always effective :5 
us$ 9 connection  ) lea!r & wood-"w4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,fig4 #b4     
,,fig4 #c4 ,,fig4 #d4    ,! ornam5t "u !
 l[] %elf ( ! rack is drawn on ! b>e    
wood1 & t9t$ 9 colors to mat* ! natural 
fl[]s & leaves4  ,use oil-pa9ts ?9n$    
slightly ) turp5t9e1 s z to give !      
appe>ance ( a /a9 or dye r ?an ( an     
opaque color4 ,all !  wood-"w is !n /a9$
 "s desir$ %ade1 & ! outl9e ( !  ornam5t
 is ei!r burn$ pyrographically or l9$ ) 
d>k-br[n pa9t  9 imitation ( a burn$    

l9e4 ,a blui%-gray is a pretty color =  
?is  wall-rack1 & x c be made by ?9n+   
,payne's gray & add+ a small  proportion
 ( any good blue1 su* z cobalt1         
ultram>9e1 or c]ulean4  ,! /a9 %\ld be  
appli$ ?91 ) a flat bru%1 & !n p>tially 
wip$ (f ) a s(t rag4 ,:5 dry1 a coat or 
two ( %ellac w give a  lu/re to ! /a91  
hold ! color1 & r5d] an egg-%ell gloss  
to !  wood-"w4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xii4 =    
in/ruction 9 ,pyrography47      ,a      
,book-ne/    ,a book-ne/ ( qua9t %ape is
 %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,x is =m$ ( a          
back-bo>d1 two %elves1 ?ree brackets1 & 
two slats t connect !  %elves at ! ends4
 ,?is is a small piece ( furniture & is 
int5d$  to fill a small space2 x %\ld be
 f eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r in*es  long4 ,! 
%elves %\ld be t5 in*es ap>t1 & ! "u    
side ( !  l[] "o is support$ by a long  
bracket1 at ! middle ( :i* small  corn] 
%elves are arrang$1 z %[n 9 !           
illu/ration4 ,holes may be  made 9 ^!   
brackets1 ?r\gh :i* ! /ems ( pipes c be 
ins]t$4  ,! curv$ p>ts ( ! wall-plate   

are cut ) a compass-saw &  f9i%$ (f ) a 
wood-file4    ,x is n necess>y t ?is    
home-made furniture %\ld be absolutely  
smoo? or ! l9es p]fectly /raight4 ,a    
slight v>iation f  ! mann] 9 :i*        
%op-made furniture is con/ruct$ adds to 
!  effectiv5ess ( ^! book-racks &       
hold]s1 & gives !m !  r\gh-&-ready      
arti/ic appe>ance t is *>act]i/ic ( !   
8mission0 & o!r popul> /yles ( mod]n    
craftsman%ip4      ,ano!r ,book-rack    
,a simple arrangem5t ( %elves 9 ! =m ( a
 book-rack is %[n 9  ,fig4 #e4 ,:]e !re 
is room to accommodate a small /&+      
receptacle (  ?is nature1 ?is design w  
be f\nd bo? useful & ornam5tal4    ,!   
top %elf is ab\t =ty-two in*es high f ! 
floor1 & 9  wid? ! rack may be made to  
fill ! available space1 say f two to    
f\r feet4 ,! corn]-po/s are ( wood two  
in*es squ>e1 & :]e !  %elves are atta*$ 
portions ( ! wood are cut away1 z %[n 9 
,fig4  #f4 ,! %elf corn]s are cut out 9 
su* a mann] t half an in* (  ! %elf edge
 ent]s ! po/1 :]e x is held 9 place by  

means (  glue & screws4    ,!           
screw-heads are cov]$ ) false nail-heads
 ( lead4 ,^!1 :5  f9i%$1 %\ld be pa9t$ a
 dead black 9 imitation ( wr\ght iron4  
,an  old gre5 or a wea!r$ oak color w\ld
 be appropriate = ?is rack4      ,a     
,corn]-nook    ,= ! corn] ( a room :]e  
space is valuable an idea is sugge/$ =  
a corn]-nook 7see ,fig4 #g74 ,?is is    
no?+ m ?an a well-made box  arrang$ )   
wall-plates t ext5d d[n bel[ ! bottom ( 
! box1  & to :i* ! ornam5tal wood-"w ov]
 ! box is atta*$4    ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #e4 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #g4    ,!  
w+s1 or angle-%elves1 & ! brackets at ! 
sides %\ld be  made to con=m ) ! g5]al  
proportions ( ! design4 ,! work+        
con/ruction is s cle>ly %[n t x is n    
necess>y to m9utely  describe ! small]  
details4 ,! %elves %\ld be n9e in*es    
ap>t1  & ! wid? ( ! box mu/ be gov]n$ by
 ! space t c be  allott$ to x4 ,!       
ornam5t at ! bottom ( ! wall-plate is   
pa9t$  on1 & !n outl9$ ) a d>k-br[n pa9t
 or burn$4 ,! wood-"w is  t9t$ an       

olive-gre51 or o!r desirable color1 !n  
%ellack$4      ,a ,book-t[]    ,an odd b
 useful piece ( furniture is %[n 9 !    
illu/ration ( a  book-t[] 7,fig4 #h74 ,x
 is suitable = ! corn] ( a room :]e !   
available space is limit$4    ,?is t[]  
%\ld be twelve or f\rte5 in*es squ>e &  
ab\t sev5  feet high4 ,! corn]-po/s are 
two in*es squ>e & ! %elves  ?ree-qu>t]s 
or sev5-eigh?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,!  
%elves are  let into ! po/s 7z %[n 9    
,fig4 #f7 & securely fa/5$ ) long       
screws4 ,! side slats are ( ?9 wood4 ,!y
 are let into ! edges  ( ! %elves1 :]e  
!y may be fa/5$ ) glue & long1 slim1    
/eel-wire nails4 ,ea* jo9t or atta*m5t  
%\ld be f9i%$ ) a lead  nail-head1 :i*  
%\ld be pa9t$ black4    ,a v good       
dead-black pa9t = metals is made by ?9n+
 %ellac to  ! consi/5cy ( milk1 !n add+ 
"s dry lamp-black until x is  ab\t !    
?ickness ( cream4 ,?is is appli$ 9 ?9   
coats ) a s(t1  flat bru%4 ,if "o coat  
does n ?or\ghly cov] ! metal1 ano!r may 
be appli$ aft] ! fir/ "o is absolutely  

dry4    ,ar\nd ! top ( ?is book-t[] a   
rail is arrang$ ?ree or f\r in*es  above
 ! top %elf1 to s]ve z a gu>d = articles
 ( bric--brac  plac$ !reon4 ,) !        
arrangem5t ( slats %[n 9 ! draw+1 !     
books are di/ribut$ 9 su* a mann] t !   
titles may be read f  bo? directions    
in/ead ( f "o side only4                
,hang+-%elves    ,a unique design =     
hang+-%elves is %[n 9 ,fig4 #i4    ,=   
g5]al use ! rack %\ld be ?irty in*es    
long1 ! ends ?irty  in*es high1 & !     
%elves sev5 in*es wide4 ,! space betwe5 
!  %elves %\ld be t5 or elev5 in*es1    
:ile ! total height ( !  middle back    
/rip is ?irty-six in*es4 ,! o!r p>ts    
%\ld be made  9 proportion to ! draw+1 &
 :]e ! %elves jo9 ! sides  mortises %\ld
 be cut1 ?r\gh :i* to pass tongu$ ends1 
! latt]  be+ fa%ion$ on ! %elf ends1 z  
%[n 9 ,fig4 #aj4 ,) a brace &  bit holes
 are made to receive wood5 p9s1 or keys1
 t w lock !  wood-"w toge!r4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,fig4 #i4     
,,fig4 #aj4    ,olive-gre5 w be an      

appropriate color = ! wood-"w4 ,:5      
atta*$  to ! wall1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to  
an*or x firmly & ) heavy  screws to !   
/uds beh9d ! pla/]4      ,a ,book-ca/le 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4    ,9 ! design
 = a book-ca/le 7,fig4 #aa7 ! %elves &  
rails are  arrang$ 9 su* a mann] t books
 may be slipp$ 9 f ! front  & also f bo?
 sides4 ,! l[] %elf is devot$ to l>ge   
volumes1  portfolios1 or s]ial          
publications 9 l>ge %eets4 ,! top %elf &
 !  "o "u x are = volumes ( m$ium size1 
:ile ! small deck above  ! %elves makes 
a conv5i5t receptacle = magaz9es4    ,! 
wood-"w %\ld be /a9$ & v>ni%$1 or pa9t$ 
to mat* !  trim ( ! room4      ,a       
,book-*air    ,a novel idea is %[n 9 !  
illu/ration ( a book-*air 7,fig4 #ab74  
,a  ,morris *air may be made ov] on ?is 
plan1 if ! side sp9dles are  remov$ & ! 
receptacle is con/ruct$ b5ea? ! seat4 ,a
 v l[  ,morris *air _c be us$1 h[ev]1   
s9ce ! available space betwe5  !        
seat-rail & ! floor is too cramp$4 ,bo? 
sides ( ! *air are  arrang$ to receive  

books1 & at ! front a wood5 panel is    
fitt$  bel[ ! seat-rail1 z %[n 9 ,fig4  
#ac4    ,cu%ions ( burlap1 tape/ry clo?1
 or cant]bury clo? may be made to  fit !
 seat & back2 !y are held on ) /raps4 ,!
 cu%ions may  be fill$ ) fea!rs1 curl$  
hair1 cocoa fibre1 moss or ev5 cotton   
batt+4 ,javanese kapok is p]haps ! be/ (
 ! l[] grade mat]ial4  ,x co/s          
tw5ty-five c5ts a p\nd1 & takes ab\t two
 & a half p\nds  = a *air4    ,! ornam5t
 at ! front ( ! *air is pa9t$ on &      
outl9$ )  ! pyrographic po9t2 or a      
d>k-br[n l9e may be pa9t$ on ) a f9e    
bru%4      ,a ,book-table    ,= a libr>y
 or sitt+-room1 ! book-table %[n 9 ,fig4
 #ad w be  f\nd a conv5i5t & useful     
piece ( furniture4    ,a good size = ?is
 table is3 l5g?1 =ty-two in*es2 wid?1   
tw5ty-f\r in*es2 & height1 ?irty in*es4 
,! drop-%elves at !  ends %\ld be n9e   
in*es bel[ ! top ( ! table1 :ile ! draw]
  ne$ n be m ?an f\r in*es deep4 ,! legs
 are two & a half  in*es or ?ree in*es  
squ>e4 ,! slats at ! sides ( !          

book%elves  are let into ! table-top & !
 %elf 7see ,fig4 #ae7 & app>5tly  an*or$
 by means ( l>ge nail-heads4 ,! top is  
atta*$ to ! frame  by means ( cleats    
screw$ fa/ to ! top inn] edges ( !      
rails4  ,?r\gh ^! cleats screws are     
pass$ up & into ! "u side ( !           
table-top1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #af4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,fig4 #ac4   
,,fig4 #ad4 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,fig4 #af4     
,:ite-wood is a good mat]ial ( :i* to   
make ! table1 s9ce x takes  a /a9       
nicely4 ,f9i% ) a coat or two ( %ellac4 
,a ,magaz9e-rack    ,a conv5i5t rack =  
magaz9es & p]iodicals is %[n 9 ,fig4    
#ag4    ,! rack has ?ree %elves & an    
enclosure at ! top to hold extra  l>ge  
pamphlets4 ,! two uprights & !          
cross-/rip at ! top are  ?ree-qu>t]s (  
an in* ?ick & two & a half in*es wide4  
,!  uprights are tw5ty-f\r in*es long1 &
 ! cross-piece measures  eighte5 in*es f
 tip to tip4 ,f\r in*es f ! top !       
uprights  are cut1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah ,a1
 s t a lap-jo9t c be =m$4 ,!  uprights  

are spac$ t5 in*es ap>t f ! inside      
edges1 mak+ !  total wid? fifte5 in*es4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,,fig4 #ah4   
,,fig4 #ai4    ,f half-in* wood cut ?ree
 %elves fifte5 in*es long & six in*es   
wide2 also two corn]-po/s f wood an in* 
squ>e4 ,cut ! end (  ea* %elf z %[n 9   
,fig4 #ah ,b1 s t "o not* w fit aga9/ ! 
upright & ! o!r aga9/ ! corn]-po/4 ,f ! 
half-in* wood  cut two brackets ?ree    
in*es long & two & a half in*es wide at 
!  top1 z %[n at ,fig4 #ah ,c4 ,^! hold 
up ! bottom %elf1 & ! o!r  %elves are   
support$ 9 turn by ! corn]-po/s & !     
back1 to :i*  ! %elves are securely     
atta*$ ) screws & glue4 ,! corn]-po/s   
are fifte5 in*es high1 & ne> ! top laps 
are cut half an in* deep  & "o in* wide 
into :i* a cross-rail w fit4 ,?ree ?9   
slats "o  in* 9 wid? & six in*es long   
are made fa/ across ! front1 &  above ! 
top %elf1 to =m ! pamphlet or p]iodical 
rack4 ,! nail  & screw heads may be     
cov]$ ) brass uphol/]]s' tacks pa9t$    
black to sugge/ ! idea ( a l>ge nail1 or

 imitation wr\ght-iron  nail-heads may  
be made by cutt+ disks out ( %eet-lead &
 slightly  beat+ ! edges s z to imitate 
! hamm]-m>ks ( wr\ght-iron "w4  ,^!     
disks are secur$ to ! wood ) slim /eel  
nails1 ! heads (  :i*1 :5 driv5 9 ) a   
light hamm]1 become imb$d$ 9 ! s(t      
lead4 ,a subsequ5t coat+ ( black pa9t w 
conceal ! nail-heads  completely4       
,a ,box ,book-case    ,fig4 #ai is an   
idea = a receptacle = a few books1      
bric--brac1 &  "s magaz9es to hang aga9/
 ! wall4 ,boxes ( v>i\s sizes may  be   
us$ = ?is purpose1 accord+ to !         
available wall space1 b  = g5]al use two
 %oe-cases %\ld be cut d[n s z to make  
!m  ?irty in*es high & sev5 in*es deep4 
,9 ea* "o two %elves c be  arrang$4     
,! boxes are held toge!r at top & bottom
 ) bo>ds sev5 in*es  wide & ?irty-six   
in*es long4 ,betwe5 ! boxes a %elf may  
be  fa/5$ ab\t midway betwe5 ! top &    
bottom bo>ds4 ,a wood5 back  is n       
necess>y to ?is case1 z ! wall itself w 
answ] !  purpose2 b ar\nd ! top edge a  

/rip ( cornice-m\ld+ is to be  mitr$ at 
! corn]s & atta*$ ) long1 slim nails or 
screws4  ,"u ! l[] corn]s wood5 brackets
 may be fa/5$ to ! wall1 or  :5 !       
%oe-cases are be+ cut d[n "o side may be
 trimm$1 ) !  compass-saw1 9 ! =m ( a   
bracket end4 ,a rod fa/5$ at ! top &  "u
 ! m\ld+ w support light curta9s1 b ?is 
la/ feature may  be omitt$ at pleasure4 
,a ,nurs]y ,book-rack    ,a nurs]y is n 
q complete )\t "s receptacle = !        
accommodation ( ! *ildr5's scrap &      
picture books4 ,a simple &  useful      
design is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bj4    ,a        
well-made box ( ?9 bo>ds1 plan$ on bo?  
sides1 =ms ! basis =  ?is bookcase4 ,x  
%\ld be ( m$ium size & n m ?an sev5     
in*es  deep4 ,remove "o side or ! top1 s
 z to leave x op5 at ! front1  & arrange
 a %elf 9 ! op5 space4 ,! box %\ld be at
 lea/ sixte5  in*es high to accommodate 
two r[s ( books1 & x w\ld be bett] to  h
 x eighte5 in*es4 ,two brackets eight   
in*es high & six in*es  wide at ! top   
are plac$ "u ea* end ( ! box4 ,across ! 

top1 at  ! back1 a wall-plate is cut &  
atta*$ ) two slim screws t pass  d[n    
?r\gh ! n>r[ "p ne> ! ends & into ! back
 ( ! box  at ! top4 ,ar\nd ! top ( ! box
 a n>r[ /rip ( m\ld+ %\ld  be mitr$ &   
fa/5$ ) /eel-wire nails4 ,! wood-"w may 
!n be  giv5 a coat ( /a9 & %ellac4      
,across ! front ( ! box & at !  top a   
brass or iron rod may be atta*$ at !    
ends1 f :i* curta9s  are susp5d$ by     
means ( r+s4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#bj4 ,,fig4 #ba4    ,:5 fa/5+ ?is case  
to ! wall1 x w\ld be well to drive two  
or  ?ree screws ?r\gh ! back ( ! box &  
into ! wall-/udd+1  o!rwise ! weight (  
books might te> x away f its bracket    
an*orage4      ,ano!r ,book-rack    ,9  
,fig4 #ba an odd %ape = a book-rack is  
%[n4    ,?is is also made f a box by    
remov+ "o side & resett+ x  clos] to !  
o!r side4 ,a portion ( ! l[] end is saw$
 (f1 &  a "p ( ! bottom is cut away s z 
to =m a small1 qu>t]-circul>  bracket4  
,! ext5d+ upp] end ( ! box is support$ )
 a %ort  bracket1 z ! illu/ration cle>ly

 %[s1 & "u ! box two l>ge  brackets t5  
in*es deep & ! wid? ( ! back & side     
support !  rack 9 position4 ,two        
wall-plates f\r in*es high at ! angle   
are  atta*$ at ! top ( ! box ) screws4  
,a curta9-rod is atta*$  at ! top ( !   
case f :i* a curta9 may be hung1 & !    
l$ge  =m$ by ! top ( ! case & !         
qu>t]-circul> bracket w  accommodate a  
few pieces ( bric--brac or a photograph 
frame or two4 ,if  ! box is high en\gh1 
two %elves may be arrang$ s t ?ree l9es 
( books c be accommodat$2 o!rwise "o    
%elf w h to suffice4      ,a ,h&y ,piece
 ( ,furniture    ,a place to put books &
 a place to keep bats1 golf-clubs1      
lacrosse-/icks1 & o!r ?+s t are always  
ar\nd1 is a conv5i5t  possession4    ,"h
 is a solution ( ! problem3 ,! case %[n 
9 ,fig4 #bb %\ld be  ab\t five feet six 
in*es high & ?ree feet wide4 ,! %elf    
across  ! top w\ld hold a numb] ( books1
 & und]nea? are two beautiful  tuck-away
 places4 ,if1 my fri5d1 y are a college 
boy1 ! curta9 c\ld  be ( y\r college    

colors2 ! re/ ( ! case /a9$ a becom+    
color4  ,! door is fa/5$ by a big wood5 
lat*1 & a pair ( iron h+es  w\ld add v  
mu* to ! /yle ( ! bookcase4    ,if1     
h[ev]1 y are ( a /udi\s frame ( m9d1 & h
 be5  =tunate en\gh to collect a numb] (
 books1 ! second case w\ld  probably be 
m to y\r lik+4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#bb4 ,,fig4 #bc4    ,we w suppose t y h 
already a desk4 ,make two upright r[s ( 
book%elves f> en\gh ap>t to all[ ! desk 
to be plac$ betwe5 !m4  ,%ut (f ! l[] "p
 ( ! %elves1 on ea* side1 ) a door1 :i* 
may be decorat$ ) iron h+es or black5$  
metal4 ,^! false h+es  are ( c\rse plac$
 aga9/ ! real ones on :i* ! door sw+s1 &
  are purely ornam5tal4 ,^! little      
closets make f9e places 9 :i*  to /ore  
unsightly books & magaz9es :i* look     
untidy b :i* "o  always wants to keep4  
,!re is a %elf ov] ! top ( ! desk on :i*
  c\ld be plac$ a r[ ( plates1 a tank>d1
 or photographs2 & a po/]  or nice      
little et*+ w\ld give int]e/ to ! big   
panel4 ,?is panel1  by-!-way1 ne$ n be  

made ( wood1 b c\ld be clos$ 9 by a     
piece  ( color$ burlap or buckram4 ,!   
case w\ld !n h to be brac$ by  ?ree     
slats ( wood nail$ across ! back beh9d !
 buckram4 ,:5  complet$ x w appe> z %[n 
9 ,fig4 #bc4      ,a ,book-l$ge & ,/ool 
,two int]e/+ & useful pieces ( furniture
 are %[n 9 ! draw+  ( a book-l$ge & /ool
 7,fig4 #bd71 & z ! ma9 %elf is b       
f\rte5 in*es wide x w n occupy a great  
deal ( space 9 a room4    ,! ma9 %elf is
 =ty-two in*es long1 f\rte5 wide1 & "o  
in*  & a qu>t] ?ick4 ,! side pieces1 or 
legs1 support+ x are twelve  in*es wide 
& ?irty-?ree in*es high1 ) ,v-%ap$      
pieces cut f  ! foot ( ea* "o4 ,^!      
pieces are ?irty-six in*es ap>t1 &      
arrang$ betwe5 !m1 & tw5ty in*es above !
 floor an "u l$ge  eight in*es wide is  
fa/5$ ) long screws & brackets4 ,n9e    
in*es  above ! ma9 l$ge a top %elf is   
support$ on side legs1 :i*1 9  turn1 are
 propp$ at ! outside ) wood braces1 or  
blocks1 six in*es  high & f\r in*es wide
 at ! bottom4 ,! side supports are plac$

 !  same di/ance ap>t z ! und]side      
pieces1 & are held 9 position on  ! top 
( ! ma9 l$ge ) %ort d[els1 or pegs1     
driv5 9 _!  "u end1 & :i* fit into holes
 bor$ 9 a correspond+ position 9  !     
l$ge4 ,?is upp] section may be omitt$1  
h[ev]1 if ! pla9 l$ge  is pref]r$4    ,!
 /ool is twelve in*es squ>e & tw5ty-two 
in*es high4 ,! top  is cov]$ ) a /\t    
squ>e ( lea!r caught all ar\nd ! edges  
) nails & imitation nail-heads4 ,! l[]  
rails t b9d ! po/s  toge!r are "o &     
?ree-qu>t] in*es wide & sev5-eigh?s ( an
  in* ?ick4 ,! po/s are "o & ?ree-qu>t] 
in*es squ>e1 & !  rails are let into !m 
?ree in*es up f ! floor4 ,! top rails   
are  ! same wid?1 & all let into ! top (
 ! po/s ) ! lap-jo9t  union1 :]e !y are 
glu$ & screw$ fa/4 ,small brackets "u ^!
  rails w add an elem5t ( support1 & !y 
c be dress$ out (  sev5-eigh?s-in* wood 
) a compass-saw1 & made fa/ ) glue &    
screws4 ,^! brackets are comp>atively   
small1 be+ two & a half  in*es wide &   
f\r in*es deep1 b !y mu/ be cut         

accurately to fit  well4                
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4               
,*apt] ,,xxi    ,,clocks ,,&            
,,timepieces      ,among ! _m useful &  
attractive pieces ( furniture t a boy c 
make to help furni% a home1 clocks &    
timepieces (f] a good field  = endeavor4
 ,n[1 a clock is m (t5 look$ at ?an any 
o!r piece  ( furniture2 consequ5tly1 x  
%\ld be a ?+ ( beauty r ?an  a di/ract+ 
eyesore4 ,&1 s9ce x is no m exp5sive to 
con/ruct  a clock on good l9es ?an on   
poor ones1 !re is no reasonable excuse  
= ! in>ti/ic1 commonplace designs t are 
display$ = sale by  jewel]s1 dep>tm5t   
/ores1 & h\se-furni%+ %ops4    ,sev]al  
good designs = simple & arti/ic cases   
are %[n on !  foll[+ pages1 & none ( !m 
are too intricate to be made at home  by
 ! boy :o has ga9$ "s k 9 ! h&l+ (      
tools4  ,!re is no?+ 9 _! con/ruction t 
requires ! s]vices ( a  cab9et-mak]1 & !
 movem5ts may be _h f a                 
clock-manufactur]1 or  p]haps tak5 out (
 an old or unsightly case4 ,= in/ruction

 9 ! use  ( ! pyrographic-po9t1 see     
,*apt] ,,xii4    ,?9 :ite-wood or p9e   
bo>ds1 %eet-lead1 /a91 & %ellac are "s  
( ! simple mat]ials ne$$2 & ! tools     
requir$ w be ^?  t may be f\nd 9 e      
h\sehold1 su* z a saw1 hamm]1 plane1    
awl1  squ>e1 mallet1 compass-saw1 &     
brace & bit4 ,"s /eel-wire nails1  glue1
 s&-pap]1 & black pa9t w complete ! li/ 
( necess>ies1  & ! v>i\s small          
accessories may be _h at a h>dw>e /ore  
at a  nom9al outlay4      ,a            
,bracket-clock    ,a design = a simple  
bracket-clock is %[n 9 ,fig4 #a1 & !    
case is  s pla9 9 con/ruction t any sm>t
 boy c easily make x f ?9  pieces ( bo>d
 half an in* 9 ?ickness1 half a y>d (   
burlap1 &  "s %eet-lead4    ,! box "p ( 
! clock is eight in*es squ>e & ?ree & a 
half  in*es deep4 ,! brackets are       
ext5sions ( ! sides1 cut z %[n 9  ,fig4 
#b ,a2 !y drop eight in*es bel[ !       
bottom-bo>d ( ! case4 ,!  dial & glass  
frame measure six in*es 9 diamet]1 & to 
fit !m to  ! box x w be necess>y to cut 

a hole 9 ! front ( ! case five  & a half
 in*es 9 diamet]1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b ,b4  
,! %elf-top to  ! box is bevell$ at ! "u
 side1 & is atta*$ by means ( glue  &   
nails2 x ov]hangs "o & a half in*es at !
 front & ends4  ,! sides & front ( ! box
 are !n cov]$ ) t9t$ burlap 9 a  s(t1   
old-gre51 r$1 or tan %ade1 & ! expos$   
wood-"w is /a9$  a color to mat*4 ,:5   
dry x is giv5 a coat or two ( ?9 %ellac 
to  l5d a lu/re to ! gra9 & /a94    ,to 
hide ! jo9t betwe5 ! cap & ! body ( !   
clock1 a r\nd  piece ( wood1 su* z a    
d[el1 %\ld be ins]t$ & nail$ fa/2 or a  
n>r[ /rip ( picture-m\ld+ c be us$4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,fig4 #b4     
,,fig4 #c4    ,if x is impossible to f9d
 ! l>ge nails t b9d ! corn]s at a       
h>dw>e /ore1 !y may be made f %eet-lead4
 ,disks half an in*  9 diamet] are cut f
 ! lead by means ( a small cold-*isel & 
mallet4 ,! edges ( ! disks are beat5 ) a
 tack-hamm] to give !m  ! appe>ance ( a 
r\gh1 hamm]-head$ nail4 ,^! disks are   
pa9t$  ) a dead-black pa9t1 made by add+

 a small portion ( dry lamp-black  to ?9
 %ellac1 & apply+ x to ! metal-"w ) a   
s(t bru%4  ,^! heads are atta*$ to !    
clock1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 at  regul>
 di/ances ap>t1 ) ?91 small-head$1      
/eel-wire nails1 :i*  :5 driv5 9 & pa9t$
 ) ! black prep>ation become invisible4 
,! movem5t1 :i* may be ( ei!r ! spr+ or 
weight k9d1 is  atta*$ to ! back ( !    
case be=e ! dial is made fa/1 & !       
p5dulum-rod is dropp$ ?r\gh a slot cut 9
 ! bottom-bo>d4    ,if ! m\nt+ is       
bo!rsome1 h[ev]1 a clock-mak] w arrange 
x  & adju/ ! dial & space ! h&s prop]ly4
    ,a metal hang] at ! top & two long1 
slim screws driv5 ?r\gh !  bottom ( ea* 
bracket w hold ?is clock 9 place aga9/ !
 wall4      ,a ,mantel-clock    ,a      
simple b arti/ic mantel-clock is %[n 9  
,fig4 #c4 ,x is sev5 in*es  wide1 ?irte5
 in*es high1 & ?ree & a half in*es deep4
 ,x is made  f ?9 :ite-wood1 p9e1       
cypress1 or almo/ any s(t wood4    ,!   
top1 or cap1 is ( half-in* wood1 & x    
projects "o & a half  in*es beyond !    

front & sides4 ,a small m\ld+1 or a     
d[el1 is cut  & mitr$ ar\nd ! top "u !  
cap4 ,at ! bottom ! feet are made  by   
cutt+ out pieces ( ! wood ) a           
compass-saw4 ,a small p5dulum  movem5t  
is m\nt$ aga9/ ! back be=e ! dial &     
glass frame are  set 9 place4    ,!     
ornam5t on ! front & sides is outl9$ )  
p5cil1 & aft]  ! wood-"w is /a9$ a      
s(t-br[n1 an old-gre51 or any desir$    
%ade1 ! l9es ( ! ornam5t are            
pyrographically burn$4 ,or !y may  be   
pa9t$ ) a d>k-br[n pa9t 9 imitation (   
pyrography4 ,bel[ !  ornam5t a half-in* 
b& ( %eet-lead is laid ar\nd ! body ( ! 
clock & held on ) l>ge1 oval-head$      
uphol/]]s' nails pa9t$  black4      ,a  
,wall-clock    ,an attractive wall-clock
 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #d1 page #cbg4 ,) a     
movem5t  hav+ a fifte5-in* p5dulum1 !   
case %\ld be t5 in*es wide1  tw5ty-f\r  
in*es high1 & f\r in*es deep4 ,a circul>
 op5+ is made  at ! upp] end ( ! box1 & 
an oblong "o at ! l[] end ?r\gh  :i* !  
p5dulum may be se54 ,! box is cov]$ )   

burlap 9 "s  desirable %ade2 x is appli$
 ) glue & l>ge-head$ nails1 or dummy    
heads4    ,! ornam5tal design is cut f  
%eet-lead & appli$ ) slim1  /eel-wire   
nails4 ,! frame ar\nd ! l[] op5+ is cut 
f lead &  appli$ ov] a piece ( glass :i*
 is cut & fitt$ to ! op5+4 ,!  /ems to !
 buds are made ( ?9 telegraph wire1 b5t 
to ! prop]  %ape1 & appli$ ) small      
/aples made f p9s4    ,! top is cut f   
:ite-wood five-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick2 x  
ov]hangs ! sides & front two in*es4 ,:]e
 ! top is appli$ to !  body ( ! clock1 !
 jo9t is hidd5 ) a small /rip ( m\ld+1  
or  a d[el mitr$ at ! corn]s1 & atta*$ )
 slim1 /eel-wire nails4    ,! l>ge      
nail-heads all along ! edges are made f 
%eet-lead beat5  to repres5t wr\ght-iron
 bell[s-nails1 & fa/5$ on ) ?91 /eel    
nails1 & aft]w>ds pa9t$ black4    ,!    
bottom ( ! box %\ld be arrang$ on h+es1 
& caught ) a  small bolt s t x may be   
dropp$ 9 ord] to />t ! p5dulum1 &  also 
to adju/ ! screw at ! bottom ( ! rod4   
,a pleas+ comb9ation ( colors = ?is case

 w be light1 olive-gre5  burlap1 black  
metal-"w1 & old-br[n wood-"w4 ,!        
p5dulum-ball  may be ( bright brass or  
black5$4 ,equally effective are         
comb9ations  ( r$ burlap & brass        
trimm+s1 or old-gold-color$ burlap &    
,pompeian-gre5 metal-"w1 made by t9t+   
all ! metal p>ts ) a  light & d>k       
olive-gre5 pa9t bl5d$ toge!r on ! p>ts4 
,a ,high ,wall-clock    ,= ! space ov] a
 mantel1 or :]ev] x may be conv5i5t to  
hang  x1 a sub/antial high wall-clock is
 %[n 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,x is t5 in*es  wide1  
?irty in*es high at ! front1 & f\r in*es
 deep1 ) !  bracket-ends & ! fancy      
top-pieces ext5d+ five or six in*es     
beyond  ! body ( ! clock at top &       
bottom4    ,9 con/ruction x is some:at  
on ! l9es ( ! 8mission0 furniture1  !   
pieces be+ tongu$ & p9n$1 ) a heavy     
slatt$ front4    ,! wood-"w is          
five-eigh?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,!     
cross-rails  are two in*es 9 wid?1 & !  
upright ones & ! lattice are "o &  a    
qu>t] in*es 9 wid?4 ,! ends ( !         

cross-pieces are %ap$ z  %[n 9 ,fig4 #f4
 ,:5 pass$ ?r\gh mortises cut 9 front ( 
! side  bo>ds !y are held 9 place )     
wood5 p9s4    ,at ! back1 ne> ! top &   
bottom1 two-in* cross-/rips are let into
  ! side bo>ds4 ,! ends %\ld project two
 in*es beyond ! bo>ds at  bo? sides1 &  
holes are made 9 !m ?r\gh :i* screws are
 pass$ to  an*or ! clock to ! wall4     
,an eight-day movem5t1 ) a twelve-in*   
p5dulum1 is made fa/ to a  back-bo>d1 & 
on ! front-bo>d1 to cov] a hole eight   
in*es 9  diamet]1 a l>ge dial & glass   
are fa/5$4    ,illu/ration3 ,,hang+ ,,& 
,,mantel ,,clocks    ,,fig4 #d4 ,,fig4  
#e4 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #g4    ,! ornam5t 
at ! sides & on ! front-bo>d ar\nd !    
dial is cut  ) a c>v+-*isel1 & t9t$ to  
d>k5 ! l9es4 ,/a9 & v>ni%  w be a       
desirable f9i%2 or ! /a9 alone may be   
us$ %\ld an old1  dull appe>ance be     
desir$4      ,an ,odd ,mantel-clock     
,! design = a mantel-clock t is odd 9   
%ape & /rik+ 9  appe>ance is %[n 9 ,fig4
 #g4 ,x is sev5 in*es wide at ! top1    

und]nea? ! cap1 & t5 in*es across at !  
base4 ,9 wid? x v>ies  f ?ree in*es at !
 top to f\r & a half in*es at ! base4   
,! case is made f ?ree-eigh?s-in*       
:ite-wood & jo9$ )  glue & nails4 ,! top
 is ( core-m\ld+ t may be _h at a       
c>p5t]-%op or plan+-mill4 ,x is mitr$ to
 fit at ! front & ends4    ,! metal     
/raps are ( lead & ! ornam5t is t9t$ &  
outl9$4  ,a great deal ( ! beauty ( ?is 
design is 9 its color+1 &1  un=tunately1
 ?is _c be reproduc$4 ,! wood-"w is 9   
light  gold5-br[n1 ! buds 9 orange1 ton+
 d[n to a deep r$ at ! base1  or simil> 
to ! color+s ( ! ,cali=nia poppy4 ,!    
/ems & leaves  are 9 sev]al %ades (     
gre51 & ! entire ornam5t is l9$ by !    
pyrographic-po9t1 or pa9t$ ) a l9e 9 d>k
 br[n4 ,! /raps1  nails1 & glass frame  
are 9 dead black1 & ! cap-m\ld+ is 9 a  
d>k] %ade ( br[n ?an t employ$ = ! body 
color ( ! case4  ,a pale1 old-p9k dial1 
on :i* black num]als are pa9t$1         
completes  ?is h>moni\s color-s*eme4    
,a ,%elf-clock    ,a qua9t clock is %[n 

9 ,fig4 #h1 & x is q z simple to        
con/ruct  z x is 9 appe>ance4    ,x is  
f\rte5 in*es wide1 twelve in*es high1 & 
f\r & a half  in*es 9 dep?4 ,a six-in*  
dial & glass are m\nt$ on ! front1 &  9 
! bottom ( ! movem5t-box a n>r[ slot is 
cut to accommodate !  sw+ ( !           
p5dulum-rod4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4
 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,fig4 #aj4    ,:ite-wood   
bo>ds ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness   
are fa/5$ to  corn]-po/s1 hav+ ! two    
upp] sides cut away z %[n 9 ,fig4 #i4   
,laps are cut at ! l[] end ( ea*        
corn]-po/ into :i* ! rail  fits1 z also 
%[n 9 ,fig4 #i4    ,! same g5]al        
description giv5 = ! o!r cases applies  
to ?is  "o1 & aft] ! ornam5t is /a9$ &  
l9$ ! surface ( ! wood  may be lightly  
l9$ f top to bottom ) !                 
pyrographic-po9t4      ,an ,old-/yle    
,timepiece    ,a case ( old-fa%ion$     
design is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj4    ,! top    
measures eight in*es squ>e2 ! wai/ is   
five in*es wide &  twelve in*es long2 & 
! base is six in*es high & twelve in*es 

long4 ,two b>s are fa/5$ f ! top to !   
base2 !y pit* at a  slight angle4    ,! 
av]age dep? is f\r in*es1 & ! top1 or   
head1 ext5ds out ov]  ! wai/ = a qu>t] (
 an in*1 or en\gh to make a break 9 !   
/raight l9e ( ! front4    ,!            
ornam5tation is c>ri$ out z describ$ = !
 o!r designs1  & if prop]ly con/ruct$   
?is clock %\ld pres5t a v unique        
appe>ance4          ,*apt] ,,xxii       
,,scre5s1 ,,%oe-,,boxes1 ,,&            
,,w9d[-,,seats      ,among ! _m conv5i5t
 pieces ( furniture t a boy c make = !  
home1 !re are1 p]haps1 none t are s h&y 
& g5]ally useful z  scre5s1 %oe-boxes1 &
 settles ( v>i\s k9ds4    ,scre5s 9     
p>ticul> are ( s _m & v>i$ designs t x  
w\ld be  q impossible 9 ?is %ort *apt]  
to give m ?an a few ( !  simpl] =ms2 b  
!y w s]ve z h9ts = o!rs4      ,a        
,light-scre5    ,"o ( ! easie/ scre5s to
 make1 & p]haps ! mo/ g5]ally  useful1  
is t %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,?is is a          
light-scre51 :i* may be  easily tak5 f  
"o room to ano!r4    ,f\r rails ( p9e or

 :ite-wood are cut & tap]$ at "o end = !
  tops1 & slightly cut away at ! o!r = !
 bottom1 z %[n 9 !  illu/ration4 ,!     
rails are f\r feet six in*es long1 two &
 a half  in*es 9 wid?1 & sev5-eigh?s (  
an in* ?ick4 ,d[els five-eigh?s  ( an   
in* 9 diamet] are us$ = ! cross-/icks4  
,!y c be  pur*as$ at a h>dw>e /ore or f 
a cab9et-mak]1 & %\ld be  cut tw5ty-f\r 
in*es long4 ,holes are to be bor$ 9 "o  
edge ( ea*  /rip1 into :i* ! d[els are  
driv51 & fa/5$ ) glue & small  nails4   
,f\r or five d[els w be suffici5t = ea* 
w+1 & !y  %\ld be spac$ ev5ly1 ! fir/ "o
 f\r in*es bel[ ! top ( !  rails & !    
bottom "o t5 in*es above ! floor4    ,! 
w+s are fa/5$ toge!r ) two or ?ree h+es1
 s t !  scre5 may be fold$ & /ood 9 a   
closet or beh9d a door :5 n 9  use4     
,"s pretty figur$ mat]ial1 su* z ,*9a   
silk1 silkol9e1 cretonne1 or  pr9t$     
cotton goods may be us$ = ! cov]+1 :i*  
is to %[ on  bo? sides ( ea* w+4 ,x %\ld
 be f ?ree to five feet wide1 s  z to   
all[ = "s fulness4 ,"o end ( ! goods is 

tack$ to ! top  d[el2 !n x is pass$     
ar\nd ! bottom d[el & br\ght up to !    
top1 :]e x is aga9 tack$ fa/4 ,"s n>r[  
gimp & brass nails w  hide ! edges ( !  
goods at ! top1 & to hold ! mat]ial 9   
place  a few tacks may be driv5 along ! 
bottom d[el4    ,! wood-"w %\ld be      
pa9t$1 or /a9$ & v>ni%$1 be=e !  cov]+  
mat]ial is put on4 ,if a dull f9i% is   
desir$1 "s d>k  pa9t may be ?9n$ )      
turp5t9e & rubb$ on ) a s(t clo?1  !n   
p>tially wip$ (f & all[$ to dry4 ,x w n 
be necess>y to  v>ni% or %ellac !       
surface1 b a little beeswax c be        
dissolv$ 9  turp5t9e & rubb$ on4      ,a
 ,fire-scre5    ,:5 an op5 fire is burn+
 on ! he>? a scre5 t w protect !  eyes f
 ! gl>e1 & yet all[ ! heat to rea* ! l[]
 "p (  ! body & ! feet1 is a useful     
piece ( furniture4    ,a simple scre5 ( 
?is description is %[n 9 ,fig4 #b1 & = a
  liv+-room or b$room x %\ld measure    
?irty-six in*es long1  =ty-two in*es    
high1 ! scre5 prop] be+ eighte5 or tw5ty
 in*es  wide4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   

#a4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,fig4 #d4    
,,fig4 #e4 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #g4  ,,fig4
 #h4    ,! uprights are ( wood two in*es
 squ>e1 & ! cross-rails are  sev5-eigh?s
 ( an in* ?ick & two in*es wide4 ,!     
jo9ts are  mortis$ & t5on$1 & held )    
screws & glue1 :ile ! app>5t  fa/5+s are
 l>ge1 r\nd1 mock nail-heads4 ,! feet   
are cut f  h>d-wood sev5-eigh?s ( an in*
 9 ?ickness1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c1 &  atta*$
 to ! bottom ( ! upright po/s ) glue &  
screws1 !  v]tical edges ( ! feet be+   
let into a lap cut 9 ! po/s4 ,ea*  foot 
w !n measure eighte5 in*es across at !  
bottom1 & twelve  in*es high f ! floor  
to ! top ( ! lap cut 9 ! po/s4          
,lea!r1 burlap1 d5im1 tape/ry-clo?1 or  
any good cov]+ fabric1 may  be us$ = !  
scre54 ,?is mat]ial %\ld be tack$ on !  
top &  bottom rail ) l>ge uphol/]]s'    
tacks pa9t$ black4    ,a design may be  
lightly drawn on ! fabric ) a p5cil1 &  
aft]w>ds  pa9t$ 9 oil or wat] colors1 or
 ! ornam5t may be /5cill$ on )  anil9e  
colors1 z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xix4      

,a ,%oe-scre5    ,= a b$room a conv5i5t 
scre5 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,?is is prop]ly
  call$ a %oe-scre51 s9ce !re is a l$ge 
made fa/ to ! l[] "p  ( x to s]ve z a   
re/ = ! foot :5 lac+ or button+ %oes4   
,!re are also two r[s ( pockets on !    
inside ( ! scre51 into  :i* %oes1       
slipp]s1 & s&als c be slipp$4    ,a     
conv5i5t size to make ?is scre5 is ?ree 
feet six in*es high &  two feet six     
in*es wide4 ,! foot-l$ge %\ld n be m ?an
 f\rte5  in*es above ! floor & six in*es
 wide4 ,! frame may be made  f any      
easily work$ wood1 s9ce :5 x is pa9t$1  
or /a9$ &  v>ni%$1 no?+ b ! gra9 w %[4  
,! uprights %\ld be ?ree  in*es wide1   
sev5-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick1 & ?ree feet  
?ree in*es  long4 ,lap or d[ell$ jo9ts  
%\ld be made at ! top corn]s1 & at  !   
foot ( bo? pieces not*es are to be cut 9
 ) saw & *isel1 z  %[n at ,fig4 #e4 ,!  
foot-pieces may !n be driv5 up 9 place &
 made  fa/ ) screws or slim nails driv5 
?r\gh ! project+ ends ( !  side uprights
 & into ! feet4 ,! feet are ( wood      

sev5-eigh?s (  an in* ?ick1 sixte5 in*es
 long1 & six in*es high4 ,! patt]n may  
be drawn ) lead-p5cil on ! wood2 !n1 ) a
 compass-saw1 cut !  wood on ! l9es1    
hav+ fir/ clamp$ ! piece 9 a vise to    
hold x  securely4 ,! foot-%elf is made  
fa/ to ! scre5 aft] ! cov]+  mat]ial is 
9 place1 & at bo? ends x is support$ )  
brackets1 !  l[] ends ( :i* are made fa/
 ) screws4    ,a cross-rib %\ld be made 
fa/ 9 ! scre5-frame midway betwe5 !     
top-rail & ! "o to :i* ! l$ge is atta*$1
 & a l9e ( tacks  is driv5 ?r\gh ! cov]+
 mat]ial & into ! frame on bo? sides4   
,?is is to give a bett] f9i%1 & also to 
support ! r[s ( pockets  :5 full ( %oes4
    ,! /rip ( d5im = ! pockets is sev5  
in*es wide & hemm$ on  bo? edges4 ,x is 
!n caught to ! cov]+ mat]ial s t g5]\s  
pockets w be =m$1 ea* "o be+ l>ge en\gh 
to accommodate a pair  ( %oes4    ,!    
front ( ! scre5 may be cov]$ ) a        
fancy-figur$ mat]ial  fa/5$ on ) small  
tacks2 ov] ?is a gimp to mat* ! mat]ial 
c  be laid & held d[n ) l>ge-head$      

tacks1 su* z may be pur*as$  at uphol/]y
 supply /ores4 ,! pa9t+1 /a9+1 or v>ni%+
  %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be done be=e ! fabric1 
or cov]+ mat]ial1 is  made fa/ to !     
frame4      ,a ,b$room-door ,scre5      
,at night x is (t5 agreeable to h a     
b$room door left op54 ,yet "o  does n   
want to sleep 9 an actual draught1 & a  
scre5 su* z is  %[n 9 ,fig4 #f w be f\nd
 mo/ useful4    ,?is scre5 is 9 "o      
piece1 six feet six in*es high & eighte5
 in*es  wide4 ,! frame is made f p9e1   
:ite-wood1 or any o!r wood to mat*  !   
trim ( ! room4 ,two cross-rails are fix$
 s z to rema9 equal  di/ances ap>t1 ?us 
=m+ ?ree panels to ! scre54 ,h+es are   
arrang$ at "o edge1 :i* 9 turn are made 
fa/ to ! door-cas+1  s t :5 ! scre5 is n
 9 use x c be ?r[n back aga9/ !  wall2  
or1 if ?\ght pref]able1 eyes may be     
driv5 9 ! cas+ &  hooks 9 ! edge ( !    
scre51 s t x may sw+ z if on h+es1  &   
yet be lift$ (f at w & set away 9 a     
closet4 ,an eye on !  door & a hook on !
 scre5 w s]ve z a fairly secure fa/5+   

aga9/ intrusion4 ,any pretty mat]ial t  
mat*es ! pap] ( ! room  may be us$ to   
cov] ?is scre51 & ! edges %\ld be b\nd )
 gimp  & l>ge-head$ tacks to give x a   
good appe>ance4      ,a ,heavy          
,fire-scre5    ,= a d9+-room1 liv+-room1
 or libr>y1 an attractive design = a    
heavy fire-scre5 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,?is
 is con/ruct$ ( oak1 a%1 or  o!r        
h>d-wood4 ,x is ?irty-six in*es wide1   
=ty-two in*es high1 &  ! rails & feet   
are "o & "o-eigh? in*es ?ick4 ,!        
uprights &  cross-rails are f\r in*es   
wide1 & ! top & bottom ( ea* upright    
are cut z %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4    ,!         
cross-rails %\ld be mortis$ 9 !         
uprights1 or !y may be made  fa/ by     
butt+ "o end aga9/ an edge & secur+ !   
jo9t )  d[els4 ,! feet are f\rte5 in*es 
across at ! bottom & fifte5  in*es high4
 ,!y are glu$ & screw$ 9 ! laps cut at !
 l[]  ends ( ! uprights1 & ! screw-heads
 are cov]$ ) imitation  wr\ght-iron     
nail-heads beat5 f %eet-lead & atta*$ ) 
/eel-wire nails1 ! heads ( :i* are      

invisible :5 driv5 into !  lead4    ,!  
side ( ! scre5 :i* faces ! fire %\ld be 
cov]$ )  burlap1 d5im1 or o!r /\t cotton
 fabric4 ,! out] side ( ! scre5  %\ld be
 fac$ ) lea!r1 on :i* ! ornam5tal design
 is foll[$  out ) /a9s & pyrography 7see
 ,*apt] ,,xii74    ,! lea!r %\ld be     
caught to ! frame ) tacks plac$ two     
in*es  ap>t1 & also glue4 ,ov] ! tacks  
imitation lead heads may be secur$  )   
slim1 /eel nails4      ,a ,w9d[-seat )  
,"u ,l$ge    ,9 ! draw+ ( ! w9d[-seat ) 
"u l$ge 7,fig4 #i7 an odd b  useful     
piece ( furniture is %[n4 ,x is made f  
two bo>ds f\rte5  in*es wide & =ty in*es
 long1 two end-pieces fifte5 in*es wide 
&  tw5ty-two in*es high1 & f\r brackets 
eight in*es on ! "r-angle  edges4 ,^!   
latt] are necess>y to brace ! top &     
ends1 z %[n 9  ,fig4 #aj ,a ,a4    ,!   
top %elf1 or seat1 is eighte5 in*es high
 f ! floor1 & !  "u l$ge is made fa/    
eight in*es bel[ x4 ,! fa/5+ is made  ) 
screws & liquid glue1 & all[$ to /&     
sev]al h\rs be=e  ! drap]y is atta*$4   

,= ! uphol/]y mat]ial ! dry-goods /ores 
(f] q a v>iety  ( /uffs f :i* to *oose4 
,! lea/ exp5sive are burlap1 d5im1      
cretonne1 & "s ( ! heavy1 cotton1 pr9t$ 
goods4 ,o!r fabrics1  ri*] 9 appe>ance &
 m la/+1 are vel\r1 tape/ry-clo?1 rep1  
& brocade4 ,goods ( ?is class w co/ f   
fifty c5ts to sev]al  doll>s a y>d4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,fig4 #aj4    
,,fig4 #aa4 ,,fig4 #ab4    ,to uphol/]  
?is seat1 obta9 "s curl$ hair f an old  
mattress1  & spread x ov] ! top bo>d1   
hav+ fir/ tack$ a piece (  unblea*$     
musl9 along "o edge ( ! seat4 ,:5 a     
suffici5t quantity  ( ! hair is on !    
bo>d1 draw ! musl9 ov] x1 & tack x d[n  
along ! o!r edge & at ! ends4 ,ov] ?is !
 fabric c be drawn  & tack$4    ,! end  
bo>ds are cov]$ ) pla9 goods ( ! same   
color z ! seat  & fl\nce1 & ! edges are 
b\nd ) gimp an in* wide1 held d[n  )    
l>ge1 oval-head$ uphol/]]s' tacks pa9t$ 
black4 ,across !  back ( ! seat 7! "p t 
goes aga9/ ! wall or w9d[-base7  pla9   
goods c be drawn & tack$1 or x may be   

left op54    ,! front is provid$ ) a    
fl\nce made by %irr+ ! goods on a  /\t  
cotton cord & tack+ x along ! front ( ! 
top bo>d1 !n  cov]+ ! tacks ) gimp &    
nails1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,a coat  ( pa9t 
or %ellac at ! inside w f9i% ! wood-"w1 
& x w  !n be ready = use4      ,a       
,%oe-box ,seat    ,a %oe-box seat is    
easily made & uphol/]$1 & w be an       
acceptable  addition 9 any b$room 7see  
,fig4 #aa74 ,! sides are eighte5 in*es  
wide1 ?irty-six in*es high at ! back1 & 
tw5ty-two in*es at !  front4 ,! seat &  
l$ge "u x are ea* eighte5 in*es squ>e1 &
  ! bo>ds =m+ ! back ext5d d[n to !     
floor4 ,! p>ts are put  toge!r ) screws 
& glue2 !n ! seat is uphol/]$ ) curl$   
hair1 z describ$ = ! w9d[-seat 7,fig4   
#i74    ,! framework = ?is seat c\ld be 
made f a box ) ! bottom &  "o side      
remov$4 ,! arms %\ld be cut f a sep>ate 
piece ( wood  & screw$ fa/1 z %[n 9     
,fig4 #ab by ! l9e along ! %ad$ side4   
,pla9 or figur$ goods may be us$ = !    
cov]+ mat]ial4 ,x is drawn  & caught )  

tacks at ! edges2 !n ! jo9ts may be     
hidd5 )  gimp & l>ge-head$ tacks4 ,if x 
is possible to procure "s ,engli%       
bell[s-nails !y w add an arti/ic effect 
to ! trimm+4 ,if !y  _c be _h1 v good   
imitation heads may be cut f %eet-lead  
) a pair ( old scissors or %e>s4 ,aft]  
beat+ !m ab\t !  edge to flatt5 !m & l5d
 a h&-=g$ effect1 ^! disks %\ld  be     
atta*$ to ! wood ) long1 slim           
f9i%+-nails ( /eel wire1  :i*1 :5 driv5 
into ! heads1 become imb$d$ 9 ! lead &  
are  n se54 ,!y %\ld be pa9t$ black ) a 
solution ( %ellac 9  :i* "s dry         
lamp-black has be5 mix$ to ! consi/5cy (
 cream4  ,apply ) a s(t bru%4      ,a   
,dress+-room ,settle    ,9 ! illu/ration
 = a dress+-room settle 7,fig4 #ac7 a   
com=table  piece ( furniture is         
illu/rat$1 & 9 ,fig4 #ad its con/ruction
 is  cle>ly indicat$4    ,! ends are    
?ree feet high & sixte5 in*es wide4 ,!  
back-bo>ds  ext5d f ! top ( ! ends d[n  
to ! floor1 & are atta*$ )  screws4 ,!  
seat & "u l$ge %\ld be f ?irty to       

=ty-eight  in*es long1 accord+ to !     
space x w occupy aga9/ ! wall or  "u a  
w9d[4    ,! uphol/]+ is done z describ$ 
= ! o!r pieces ( furniture1  save t a m 
elaborate ornam5tation is sugge/$ = !   
end-pieces4  ,! design is drawn 9       
free-h&1 & !n embroid]$ on ) heavy  l95 
?read4 ,"m or eld] si/] w h to help out 
) !  ne$le-"w4      ,a ,%ort ,settle    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,fig4 #ad4   
,,fig4 #ae4 ,,fig4 #af4    ,a %ort      
settle ) "u l$ge 7,fig4 #ae7 is ano!r   
com=table piece (  b$room or sitt+-room 
furniture4 ,9 ,fig4 #af ! con/ructional 
diagram  is %[n = ! arrangem5t ( its    
sides1 back1 & "u l$ge4    ,! ends are  
sixte5 in*es wide & tw5ty-?ree in*es    
high4 ,! back  ext5ds d[n to ! floor1 & 
above ! ends x curves or r\nds ov]1     
ext5d+ up ab\t five in*es high] ?an !   
tops ( ! ends4 ,"u  ! seat a /rip ( wood
 two & a half in*es 9 wid? is atta*$ at 
bo? ends1 & ! front edge ( ! seat is    
screw$ fa/ to x4 ,?is  acts z a support1
 & obviates ! necessity ( a brace block4

      ,a ,foot-re/    ,:5 putt+ on %oes 
x is conv5i5t to h a %ort b5* on :i* to 
re/ ! foot1 & :ile a hassock w answ]    
well en\gh1 x is n s  good z a b5* or s 
easily h&l$4    ,fig4 #ag %[s a neat    
foot-b5* t is easy to con/ruct f f\r    
pieces ( wood4 ,9 ,fig4 #ah page #cde ! 
pla9 b5* is %[n1 :ile at ,b  a view ( ! 
inv]t$ b5* is giv5 s t ! cross-b> may be
 se54    ,! top bo>d is eighte5 in*es   
long1 t5 in*es wide1 & an in*  ?ick4 ,! 
ends1 or legs1 are sev5 in*es high &    
eight in*es wide1  ) a ,v not* cut 9 f !
 bottom ( ea*4 ,^! feet are set  f\rte5 
in*es ap>t1 s t !re w be two in*es (    
ov]hang at  ea* end ( ! b5*2 t is1 ! top
 w ext5d two in*es ov] !  legs at ea*   
end4 ,! brace %[n at ,fig4 #ah ,b is two
 in*es wide1 twelve  & a half in*es     
long1 & an in* 9 ?ickness4    ,! f\r    
p>ts are put toge!r ) glue & screws2 !n 
! top is  padd$ ) curl$ hair & uphol/]$ 
z already describ$4      ,a ,comb9ation 
,%oe-box & ,seat    ,f two cann$-goods  
boxes ! comb9ation %oe-box & seat may be

  made1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai1 ,fig4 #bj be+
 ! /ructural plan4    ,! left-h& box 9  
,fig4 #bj has ! lid remov$1 & a %elf is 
ins]t$  s z to divide x into two        
comp>tm5ts4 ,! o!r box is provid$ )  a  
h+$ lid4 ,in/ead ( mak+ ! h+es fa/ to ! 
edge ( ! box1  a /rip an in* or two wide
 %\ld be atta*$ to ! re> ( ! box1  & to 
?is ! lid is h+$1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bj4 ,! 
two boxes are  screw$ toge!r1 & a back  
is provid$ = ! "o on ! "r4 ,!  bo>d =m+ 
?is back %\ld ext5d ! entire l5g? ( !   
two boxes1  & %\ld be secur$ to !m ) /\t
 screws4 ,! tops ( ! boxes  are padd$ ) 
hair1 & ! sides are cov]$ ) uphol/]y    
mat]ial  ( any desirable color &        
quality1 ! edges be+ b\nd ) gimp &      
nails4    ,! inside ( ! l[ box & ! "u   
side ( ! lid %\ld be  provid$ ) d5im    
pockets1 z %[n at ,fig4 #ba4 ,^! pockets
 are  =m$ by tack+ a /rip ( d5im to !   
wood & all[+ fulness  en\gh to          
accommodate a pair ( %oes or slipp]s4   
,x furni%es ! inside ( su* boxes nicely 
to l9e !m ) unblea*$  musl9 tack$ at !  

corn]s & edges4 ,:]e wood is expos$ 9 ! 
l$ge & %elf seats a coat ( pa9t or      
%ellac is desirable4      ,a ,d\ble     
,%oe-box & ,seat    ,?ree well-made     
boxes1 two ( a size & "o long]1 w make !
  f\ndation = a d\ble %oe-box & seat1   
su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bb4               
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,,fig4 #ai4   
,,fig4 #bb4 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,,fig4 #bf4     
,9 ,fig4 #bc ! /ructural arrangem5t is  
indicat$4 ,! end boxes are  provid$ )   
two %elves ea*1 & ! middle "o is fitt$ )
 a  back-bo>d1 :i* is r\nd$ ov] at ! top
 & projects ab\t six  in*es above ! top 
( ! end boxes4    ,! middle box is      
provid$ ) a lid & h+es :i* are made fa/ 
to  a back /rip1 s t :5 ! lid is rais$ x
 w n fall aga91 b  w /& out an in* or   
two f ! back-bo>ds4      ,a ,curv$-back 
,w9d[-seat    ,fig4 #bd illu/rates a    
useful piece ( furniture4 ,! box "p1 or 
frame1  is ?irty-eight in*es long1      
sixte5 in*es wide1 & fifte5 in*es  high1
 & ! top ( ! back is f\rte5 in*es above 
! seat4 ,!  /ructural plan is %[n 9     

,fig4 #be4    ,f\r in*es f ! bottom a   
l$ge is arrang$1 & at ! middle a        
division-brace is plac$4 ,! unions may  
be made ) nails1 b screws  are          
pref]able4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 
,,fig4 #bj4 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,,fig4 #bc4     
,,fig4 #be4 ,,fig4 #bg4    ,! back is   
made f two bo>ds %ap$ into a curve ) a  
draw-knife  & plane & held toge!r )     
batt5s1 z %[n by ! dott$ l9es  9 ,fig4  
#be4 ,! batt5s ext5d d[n beh9d ! back ( 
! box1 &  ! ends are made fa/ ) screws  
to support ! back4 ,! back &  seat are  
padd$ ) curl$ hair & cov]$ ) unblea*$   
musl91  ov] :i* ! uphol/]y mat]ial is   
drawn & tack$ to ! edges4 ,a  valance ( 
"s pretty figur$ goods to mat* ! seat & 
back is made1  & tack$ ar\nd ! upp] edge
 ( ! box4 ,wide gimp & l>ge-head$       
uphol/]]s' tacks w f9i% ! edge ( ! seat 
& back1 & x  w\ld be well to give !     
wood-"w a coat or two ( pa9t or /a94    
,a ,w9d[-seat & ,%oe-box    ,9 !        
illu/ration ( ! w9d[-seat & %oe-box     
7,fig4 #bf7 a  sub/antial & useful piece

 ( furniture is illu/rat$4    ,x is made
 ( ?ree boxes screw$ toge!r1 z %[n 9    
,fig4 #bg4 ,!  lid ( ! middle box is    
h+$1 & ! end boxes are /ood on end4  ,"o
 end box is %ort] ?an ! o!r1 & 9 bo? (  
!m %elves are  arrang$ = %oes1 slipp]s1 
or s&als4 ,a back is made ( two bo>ds  &
 atta*$ at ! re> ( ! boxes4 ,! top ( ea*
 box & ! face  ( ! back are padd$ )     
curl$ hair or moss fill+ t may be _h  f 
an uphol/]]1 & cov]$ ) "s uphol/]y      
mat]ial4 ,buttons  & /r+ are caught d[n 
into ! top ( ! padd$ surface to give  ! 
tuft$ effect %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 & !   
sides & fronts (  ! boxes are hidd5 )   
valances4 ,gimp & l>ge-head$ nails f9i% 
! edges z %[n1 & :5 ! wood-"w is giv5 a 
coat ( pa9t ?is  w9d[-seat & %oe-box is 
ready = use4          ,*apt] ,,xxiii    
,,h\sehold ,,conv5i5ces      ,9 & ar\nd 
! h\se !re is opportunity = ! creation (
 a numb]  ( useful articles t c be made 
by any boy :o is at all h&y )  tools4 ,=
 example1 ! tops ( doorways & w9d[s 9 a 
d9+-room may  be improv$ by ! addition (

 n>r[ %elves1 or l$ges1 on :i* old      
plates1 slim jugs1 or "s qua9t old      
bottles may re/4    ,^! l$ges may be    
made f p9e1 :ite-wood1 cypress1 or o!r  
wood to  mat* ! trim4 ,! wood %\ld n be 
m ?an half or five-eigh?s (  an in* 9   
?ickness1 z %[n at ,fig4 #a4 ,! %elves  
%\ld be ?ree or  f\r in*es 9 wid?1 ) a  
/raight front1 or slightly curv$1 z %[n 
9 ,fig4 #b4 ,?is curve is call$ a       
s]p5t9e l9e1 & may be %ap$  ) a         
draw-knife2 or1 if ! wood is s(t1 x c   
easily be cut ) a  compass-saw & f9i%$  
(f ) a draw-knife & s&-pap]4    ,two    
brackets cut f wood ! same ?ickness z ! 
%elf w support  x at ei!r end4 ,^! are  
cut ?ree in*es wide at ! top & f six  to
 eight in*es long1 9 ! %apes %[n 9 ,fig4
 #c4    ,x gives a m attractive f9i% to 
ext5d ! ends ( ! l$ge two or  ?ree in*es
 beyond ! door or w9d[ trim1 z %[n 9 !  
illu/ration  ( ,fig4 #a4      ,a        
,plate-rail    ,= cups & small pit*]s a 
plate-rail may be arrang$ ar\nd ! walls 
( a d9+-room1 z %[n at ,fig4 #d4    ,a  

wall-plate six or eight in*es wide is   
made fa/ to ! wall ab\t  five feet up f 
! floor1 & to x1 at int]vals ( tw5ty to 
?irty in*es1 brackets are screw$ fa/4   
,^! are cut 9 "o ( !  =ms %[n 9 ,fig4   
#c1 & are ?ree in*es wide4 ,! top %elf  
is f\r  in*es wide1 & is laid on ! tops 
( ! brackets & pu%$ back  aga9/ ! wall1 
:]e ! re> edge is screw$ fa/ to ! top   
edge  ( ! wall-plate4 ,:]e ! rail meets 
a doorway or w9d[-cas+ !  corn] is      
r\nd$1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,?is may  
be done ) a  compass-saw & small plane4 
,a n>r[ /rip ( wood is nail$ fa/ to !   
top ( ! rail ab\t two in*es out f !     
wall1 to prev5t ! plates  f slid+ (f4   
,a n>r[ plate-rail may be atta*$ to !   
wall high] up1 or ab\t 9  ! position    
occupi$ by a picture-m\ld+4 ,%ort]      
brackets %\ld  support x1 & !y may be   
atta*$ directly to ! wall )\t ! aid  ( a
 wall-plate1 s9ce ! latt] w\ld give a   
heavy appe>ance to a rail  at t height4 
,a ,cup & ,plate ,rack    ,x is h>dly   
advisable to give def9ite dim5sions = ! 

cup & plate  rack 7,fig4 #e71 s9ce x    
%\ld be design$ 9 accordance ) ! am\nt  
( wall room t may be available4 ,! rack 
%[n 9 ,fig4 #e is int5d$  = a wall space
 ?ree feet wide & sev5ty-two in*es high4
 ,! two  uprights are made ( :ite-wood  
?irty-n9e in*es high1 ?ree in*es  wide1 
& half an in* ?ick4 ,! l[] ends are     
tap]$1 z %[n 9  ! draw+1 & ! upp] ends  
are fa%ion$ ) a compass-saw4 ,!         
brackets are six in*es wide1 n9e in*es  
long1 & half an in* f !  out] edge a    
depression is cut 9 ! top to receive a  
half-in* d[el4    ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#a4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,fig4 #d4    
,,fig4 #e4 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #g4  ,,fig4
 #h4    ,! %elves on :i* ! plates re/   
are ?ree in*es wide &  tw5ty-"o in*es   
long4 ,! d[els ext5d f ?ree to six in*es
 ov]  ea* end1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,f _!   
"u-sides cups may be  susp5d$ on hooks  
screw$ into ! wood4 ,! front edges ( !  
%elves  are provid$ ) a /rip ( wood     
fa/5$ on ) slim1 /eel-wire  nails1 to   
prev5t ! plates f1 slid+ =w>d1 z %[n 9  

,fig4 #f1  :i* is a plan ( ! arrangem5t 
( bracket1 %elf1 & d[el4 ,!  d[els c be 
_h at a h>dw>e /ore = two or ?ree c5ts  
ea*1 &  f a qu>t] ( an in* to ! diamet] 
( a small curta9-pole4      ,a ,cup &   
,plate ,pyramid    ,! cup & plate       
pyramid 7,fig4 #g7 is ano!r attractive  
d9+-room  feature & is v simple to      
con/ruct4 ,?ree ( ! %elves are cut  ) a 
s]p5t9e front1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #h ,a1 &   
measure tw5ty-six1  tw5ty-two1 & eighte5
 in*es respectively2 :ile ! top "o is   
twelve  in*es long & cut z %[n 9 ,fig4  
#h ,b4 ,! %elves are six in*es wide  at 
! middle1 & ?ree ( !m are two & a half  
in*es wide at !  ends4    ,%ort brackets
 "o & a half in*es wide & two & a half  
in*es long  support ! %elves at ! ends4 
,"u ! middle ( ! bottom %elf  a l>ge    
bracket five & a half in*es wide & eight
 in*es long is  cut & made fa/ ) long1  
slim screws driv5 d[n ?r\gh ! bottom    
%elf4 ,a not* is cut at ! front ( ea*   
%elf1 & a correspond+ "o  9 ! /aff t    
b9ds ! %elves toge!r1 s t !y are spac$1 

f ! bottom up1 elev51 t51 & n9e in*es   
ap>t4 ,slim1 /eel-wire  nails two in*es 
long w secure ! brackets to ! wall1 or  
long1  slim screws may be us$4      ,a  
,butl]'s ,tray    ,= ! h\se t is n built
 ) a butl]'s pantry1 or = ! "m  :o does 
h] own h\sework1 ! tray & drop-l$ge %[n 
9 ,fig4 #i w  be f\nd a v conv5i5t piece
 ( d9+-room furniture4    ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #i4 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,fig4 #aa4      
,,fig4 #ab4    ,two brackets on h+es w  
support ! %elf :5 x is up4 ,:5 x is     
dropp$ ! brackets fold 9 aga9/ ! wall1 z
 %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj4    ,! l$ge & brackets 
are ( p9e wood ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*     
?ick & plan$ on all sides & edges4 ,!   
tray is ( :ite-wood  five-eigh?s ( an   
in* ?ick1 & put toge!r securely ) glue &
  screws4 ,! ends & h&le-grips are cut )
 a compass-saw & f9i%$  ) s&-pap]2 !n ! 
tray is /a9$ & v>ni%$ to mat* !  %elf & 
brackets4    ,back ( ! drop-%elf a /rip 
( wood two in*es wide is fa/5$ to  !    
wall by means ( a wall-plate securely   
screw$ to ! /udd+1 &  two v]tical plates

 "o in* ?ick make an an*orage = !       
brackets4  ,! latt] are atta*$ by means 
( flat h+es1 & ! %elf prop] is  also h+$
 to ! two-in* wall-plate4 ,all ^! p>ts  
mu/ be screw$  v solidly toge!r if !    
safety ( ! h\sehold crock]y is to be    
consid]$4      ,cup-p9s & ,bru%-rack    
,9 ! butl]'s pantry or ne> ! kit*5 s9k x
 is sometimes  conv5i5t to h a bru%-rack
 & "s cup-p9s1 on :i* cups1             
dr9k+-glasses1 & small holl[-w>e may be 
kept4    ,^! are easily made1 z !       
illu/ration 7,fig4 #aa7 w %[4 ,!        
cup-p9s are d[els saw$ 9 five-in* l5g?s1
 & !n made fa/ to a  squ>e p9e /ick )   
slim screws pass$ ?r\gh holes t h fir/  
be5 made ) an awl4 ,! rack is !n atta*$ 
to ! wall ) screws  pass$ into ! /uds or
 uprights beh9d ! pla/]4    ,! bru%-rack
 is made f two p9e /icks1 "o ( :i* is   
cut out 9  places1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab4 ,!
 two /icks are !n screw$ toge!r &       
support$ on brackets4 ,bru%es kept 9 a  
draw] or on a %elf d n dry  prop]ly1 s t
 x is always be/ to place !m :]e !y h a 

free  circulation ( air4                
,lock-%elves    ,9 a cell> or /ore-room 
x is (t5 conv5i5t to h a portion (  !   
%elves arrang$ s t _! cont5ts c be lock$
 up4 ,= ?is  purpose ,fig4 #ac %[s a    
slat door arrang$ 9 front ( sev]al      
%elves  & hung on h+es4 ,at ! l[] edge a
 hasp & eye may be made fa/1 s  z to    
make a padlock available4               
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,fig4 #ad4   
,! slats are f "o-half to sev5-eigh?s ( 
an in* ?ick & two  in*es wide2 !y are   
fa/5$ to batt5s ) cl9*-nails or screws  
driv5 f ! inside4 ,a sm>t boy c make any
 numb] ( ^! doors s  z to lock up a :ole
 lot ( %elv+1 b = conv5i5ce ( h&l+  !y  
%\ld n be m ?an f\r feet long4      ,a  
,vegetable-b9    ,= a corn] ( ! cell>1 &
 :]e x is conv5i5t to ! /aircase1  a v  
useful vegetable-b9 may be made f a few 
bo>ds & slats  7,fig4 #ad74 ,! b9 may be
 ( any wid? & l5g?1 b = a h\se ( !      
av]age size1 x ne$ n be m ?an six feet  
long & eighte5 in*es  wide ea* comp>tm5t
 be+ f sixte5 to eighte5 in*es wide4    

,! front1 back1 & ends are t5 in*es     
high1 & two ( ! p>titions  are ! same   
height4 ,! p>titions = ! potato & turnip
  comp>tm5ts %\ld ext5d eighte5 in*es   
above ! top ( ! b91  s9ce ^! vegetables 
bulk l>gely4 ,! b9 re/s on two batt5s   
nail$  to ! brick or /one               
f\ndation-walls ( ! cell>1 two feet     
above !  floor4 ,at ! expos$ corn] a    
foot1 or leg1 tw5ty-f\r in*es long1     
supports x4 ,! bottom ( ! b9 is made (  
long slats nail$ an in*  ap>t1 s t !    
dirt f ! vegetables w fall ?r\gh to !   
floor1 f :i* x c be easily swept up4 ,! 
v5tilation f !  slat bottom prev5ts !   
vegetables f decay+ z quickly z !y  w\ld
 9 a box or b>rel ) a tight bottom4     
,across ! tops ( ! high p>titions1 &    
propp$ up at ! expos$ end  ( ! b91 a    
%elf or l$ge t5 in*es wide w accommodate
 cabbages1  lettuce1 bun*es ( c>rots &  
beets1 p>snips1 & v>i\s o!r  vegetables4
 ,9 ! illu/ration only five comp>tm5ts  
are %[n 9 !  ma9 "p ( ! b91 b a b9 (    
almo/ any l5g? c be con/ruct$  accord+  

to ! space available & ! requirem5ts ( !
 family4      ,a ,spoon-b> &            
,saucepan-rack    ,= ! kit*51 a rack on 
:i* to hang spoons1 ladles1 saucepans1  
cups1  & o!r small accessories to !     
cul9>y dep>tm5t is %[n 9 ,fig4  #ae4    
,x c be made to fit any wall space 9 a  
kit*51 b ! brackets  %\ld be tw5ty in*es
 high & t5 in*es wide at ! top4 ,!y may 
be  made f mo/ any wood "o & a half     
in*es squ>e1 & put toge!r  ) lap-jo9ts4 
,?ree rails1 sev5-eigh?s by two in*es1  
are atta*$  to ! inside ( ! front       
bracket-rails or supports1 ) long1 slim 
screws or /eel-wire nails4 ,all !       
wood-"w is pa9t$ two coats (  :ite      
enamel1 or any color to mat* ! wood-"w (
 ! kit*54 ,brass  screws or galvaniz$   
nails are driv5 9 ! b>s at regul>       
di/ances  ap>t1 on :i* to hang !        
ut5sils1 & ! rack is !n to be securely  
atta*$ to ! wall4      ,a ,m$ic9e-*e/   
,e h\se %\ld conta9 a m$ic9e-*e/1 :]e ! 
necess>y boxes  & bottles conta9+ !     
family m$ic9es may always be f\nd 9 "t  

( ne$4 ,*e/s may be made 9 any size &   
%ape1 & adapt$ to !  spaces !y may      
occupy on a wall or 9 a ba?-room closet4
    ,a conv5i5t *e/ is %[n 9 ,fig4 #af1 
& 9 ,fig4 #ag is giv5 ! plan  (         
con/ruction4 ,= ! av]age h\sehold x %\ld
 be made eighte5  in*es wide & tw5ty-f\r
 in*es high1 ) two %elves arrang$ s  t !
 space betwe5 ! l[] "o & ! bottom ( !   
box w be  eight & a half in*es4 ,! space
 betwe5 ! upp] "o & ! top  %\ld be six  
in*es1 & betwe5 %elves sev5 & a half    
in*es4 ,!  top & bottom wall-plates %\ld
 measure f\r in*es wide1 & !y are       
atta*$ to ! top & bottom ( ! box by     
means ( screws driv5 into  ! edge ( ea* 
?r\gh ! top & bottom ( ! box4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,fig4 #af4   
,,fig4 #ag4 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,fig4 #ai4     
,a door is made f ?ree pieces ( bo>d    
across ! ends ( :i*  batt5s are made    
fa/1 z %[n 9 ! plan draw+4 ,?is is      
atta*$  to ! box by means ( h+es1 & a   
cat* at ! o!r side w keep  x clos$4 ,!  
wall-plates & sides ( ! *e/ %\ld be /a9$

 &  v>ni%$1 & ! door cov]$ ) burlap glu$
 fa/ or tack$ at !  inn] side4 ,!       
lett]s1 ornam5t1 & imitation nail-heads 
are cut f  %eet-lead1 scraps ( :i* c be 
pur*as$ at a plumb]'s %op1 %ap$  ) a    
%e>s1 or an old knife1 & light mallet1 &
 aft]w>ds trimm$  ) a p5knife blade or a
 file4 ,!y may be atta*$ to ! door )    
slim1 /eel-wire nails1 & pa9t$ black ) a
 coat+ made by add+  dry lamp-black to  
?9 %ellac1 & apply+ x 9 "o or two ?9    
coats  ) a s(t-hair bru%4    ,be c>eful 
to an*or ?is *e/ securely to ! wall1 z  
bottles are  heavy & _! weight mu/ be   
tak5 into consid]ation4      ,a         
,conv5i5t ,plant-tray    ,9 !           
illu/ration ( a conv5i5t plant-tray     
7,fig4 #ah7 an idea is  sugge/$ = a     
receptacle t w accommodate sev]al small 
pots 9  ! l[] tray & a l>ge pot1 or     
j>d9ire1 on ! middle deck4    ,! tray is
 ?irty-six in*es long & twelve in*es    
wide & at ! ends  is f\r in*es deep4 ,b 
at ! middle ! sides are eight in*es     
high1  & support ! /age or deck1 :i* is 

?irte5 in*es squ>e4    ,! tray is made (
 wood ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick & plan$ 
on  bo? sides4    ,! legs are two in*es 
squ>e & tw5ty-f\r in*es long1 & at !    
bottom !y are slightly tap]$ ) a        
draw-knife & plane4    ,!y are fa/5$ to 
! inn] side ( ! tray at ! corn]s ) long1
  sl5d] screws driv5 d[n ?r\gh ! bottom 
( ! tray & into !  top ( ! legs4        
,bracket-braces are let into ! legs 9   
lap-cuts made ) saw &  *isel1 z %[n at  
,fig4 #ai1 & at ! ends rails are let 9  
betwe5 !  legs to hold !m rigidly4    ,!
 screws atta*+ ^! jo9ts may be cov]$ )  
mock nail-heads4  ,! ornam5t at ! side (
 ! tray is cut f %eet-lead ) a /\t  pair
 ( %e>s1 pa9t$ black1 & appli$ to ! wood
 ) flat-head$  tacks or gimp-nails4     
,an ,indisp5sable ,clo!s-press    ,!    
available room 9 any clo!s-closet c be m
 ?an d\bl$ by  adopt+ clo!s-hang]s & a  
rod4 ,fig4 #bj %[s ! plan ( a closet    
se5 f above4    ,! projections ar\nd !  
out] edge repres5t hooks1 :ile ! b>     
?r\gh ! middle & ! cross-/icks repres5t 

! space ga9$4    ,fig4 #ba %[s ! usual  
rail & %elf1 b "u !m are ! b> &  hang]s 
t repres5t ! new feature4 ,?is is a     
great improvem5t ^u  ! ord9>y closet1   
ev5 :5 drop-hooks are us$ "u ! %elves = 
! support ( hang]s c>ry+ clo!s4 ,! "w   
necess>y = ?is  arrangem5t is v simple4 
,obta9 two sockets & a small curta9-rod1
 & fit ! rod into  ! sockets screw$ to !
 wall "u ! hook-rail1 tak+ c>e to  drive
 long1 sl5d] screws ?r\gh ! pla/]4 ,f a 
h>dw>e or  h\se-furni%+ /ore obta9 a    
numb] ( coat-hang]s compos$ ( a wood  b>
 & iron hook4 ,^! c be _h at all prices 
f two = five c5ts  to tw5ty-five c5ts   
ea*1 or if x is impossible to pur*ase !m
 !y  c be saw$ out ( wood by any boy &  
provid$ ) iron-wire hooks4  ,! b>s are  
eighte5 in*es across & slightly curv$ at
 ! top1 l  "o's %\ld]s4 ,und]nea? ! b>s1
 ne> ! ends1 small hooks may be  screw$ 
into place1 on :i* tr\s]s may be hung by
 us+ clamps 7,fig4  #bb74 ,9 ?is mann] f
 f\r to six suits c be hung to e runn+  
foot ( ! pole4    ,?is me?od w keep !   

coat or tr\s]s 9 %ape4 ,if loops are    
sewn  fa/ to ! skirt-b&1 ! skirt w hang 
on ! two l[] hooks mu*  bett] ?an on a  
s+le hook1 :5 ?is sy/em is appli$ to    
"m's or  si/]'s closets4                
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,plan ,,(    
,,closet    ,,fig4 #ba4 ,,fig4 #bb4     
,?is device is s simple & useful t once 
tri$ x w always be  us$1 & :]e economy (
 space is a feature1 ?is idea is a      
valuable  "o = bo? ! city & c\ntry h\se4
      ,a ,divan    ,a com=table divan   
bank$ up ) pill[s is always an invit+   
addition  to a room1 & helps to furni%  
x4 ,9 ,fig4 #bc an idea is giv5 = a     
piece ( furniture t w s]ve a d\ble      
purpose--t is1 a c\* &  a skirt or      
tr\s]s press1 ) a comp>tm5t = %irt-wai/s
 or fancy  wai/coats4    ,9 ,fig4 #bd ! 
box1 or framework1 is %[n4 ,x is five   
feet six in*es  long1 tw5ty-eight in*es 
wide1 & fifte5 in*es high4    ,! tray is
 t5 in*es deep1 & divid$ into a long &  
%ort  comp>tm5t4 ,?is is support$ by !  
ends1 :i* are fifte5 in*es  high1 & made

 f sev]al pieces ( bo>d ) mat*$ edges4  
,corn]-brackets at front & back l5d     
additional /r5g?1 & prev5t  ! frame f   
rack+4    ,! top1 or lid1 is made f     
sev]al mat*$ bo>ds held toge!r )  two or
 ?ree batt5s2 x op5s on ?ree or f\r /\t 
h+es securely  screw$ into ! wood ( !   
back4    ,a valance is made ( "s good   
uphol/]y mat]ial1 & tack$ all ar\nd  !  
upp] edge ( ! box4 ,= ! c\* prop] use a 
mattress :i* is  to be plac$ on ! lid1 &
 cov]$ ) ! clo? us$ = ! valance4  ,?is  
%\ld be tack$ securely to ! "u side ( ! 
lid4 ,?is w  hold ! mattress 9 place &  
make a good f9i% = ! edges ( !  top4    
,illu/ration3 ,,l\nge ,,& ,,corn]       
,,dress+-,,table    ,,fig4 #bc4 ,,fig4  
#bd4 ,,fig4 #bf4    ,make a few holes   
?r\gh ! lid1 & ) a long ne$le pass a /r+
 up  ?r\gh !m1 ?r\gh a /\t button & d[n 
aga91 :]e ! /r+ is  to be ti$ ar\nd a   
tack1 & !n ! tack is driv5 9 s z to hold
  ! /r+ securely4 ,?is w give a tuft$   
effect to ! cu%ion top1  & w make !     
mattress m secure4    ,run a l9e ( gimp 

or n>r[ belt+ ar\nd ! top ( ! box ov] ! 
tacks t fa/5 ! valance1 & ) l>ge1       
oval-head$ uphol/]]s'  tacks make a l9e 
( heads ?ree in*es ap>t all ar\nd !     
sides &  front4 ,?is w make an effective
 f9i%4      ,a ,corn] ,dress+-table     
,a v pretty dress+-table = ! corn] ( a  
girl's room is %[n 9  ! illu/ration     
7,fig4 #be74 ,?is c be made by a boy = 8
 si/]1 or  by a girl ) a lik+ = su* "w4 
,z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bf1 x is built  up on a 
sug> b>rel1 :i* is ?irty in*es high &   
tw5ty-f\r in*es  across at ! wide/      
place4 ,:5 x is inv]t$1 screws or nails 
c be  driv5 ?r\gh ! bottom to hold !    
triangul> l$ge or table-top 9  place4   
,?ree bo>ds %\ld be cut to =m a qu>t] ( 
a circle ?irty in*es  long on ! two     
/raight sides1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bf ,a4 ,! 
sweep1 or  curv$ edge1 is "o-qu>t] ( a  
five-foot circle4 ,fig4 #bf ,a also %[s 
h[ ?is qu>t]-circle is plac$ on ! top ( 
! b>rel4    ,to keep ! bo>ds toge!r1 two
 batt5s ?irty in*es long are nail$ or   
screw$ und]nea? ! /raight edges4        

,screws r ?an nails %\ld be us$ 9 fa/5+ 
! qu>t]-circle  to ! b>rel4 ,!y w n pull
 out or "w loose s readily z nails4     
,! canopy top is support$ on a framework
 consi/+ ( ?ree /icks1  ea* ?ree feet   
long1 & a triangul> top made ( ?ree %ort
 /icks1  z ,fig4 #bf %[s4 ,at ! top !   
/icks are jo9$ z %[n 9 ,b1 &  ! l[] ends
 are atta*$ to ! table-top ) long1 slim1
 /eel-wire  nails4    ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #be4    ,if ! color s*eme ( !    
room is p9k1 pale-gre51 or can>y color1 
?is same color may be c>ri$ out 9 !     
drap]y4 ,sate5 or color$  cotton goods  
may be ov]laid ) a dott$ swiss or scrim1
 & tack$  to ! framework4 ,at ! bottom a
 valance is made & caught to  ! circul> 
edge ( ! l$ge1 :i* is cov]$ ) gimp held 
by  brass-head$ tacks4    ,! upp] /icks 
( ! frame are b\nd ) /rips ( :ite musl9 
be=e ! drap]y is atta*$4 ,?is is to     
prev5t ! wood f %[+  ?r\gh ! goods1 &   
also to make an an*orage 9 :i* "s /it*es
  c be tak51 if necess>y1 to hold !     
canopy drap]y 9 place4    ,= ?is top x w

 be necess>y to h two swiss or ?9 scrim 
cov]+s1 betwe5 :i* "o ?ickness ( !      
color$ mat]ial is laid4  ,bo? sides ( ! 
drap]y w be se51 & x is necess>y to %[ !
  color$ goods on bo? sides4    ,a %irr$
 b& ( ! goods may be arrang$ along ! top
 /ick ( !  canopy1 & b[s at ! corn]s ( !
 top & ! edge w add to its  appe>ance4  
,an oval or squ>e mirror 9 a :ite or    
light enamell$ frame c be  susp5d$ by   
wires f ! top4           99       99    
99       99       99    ,! directions z 
to me?ods & ! sugge/ions ( designs giv5 
9  ?is book op5 a broad] & m invit+     
field1 x is believ$1 ?an  has be5       
accessible 9 simil> =m be=e4 ,t !re is  
ne$ ( a new  h&y-book compreh5sive1 well
 te/$1 & design$ on practical mod]n     
l9es seems to be indicat$ by ! popul>ity
 ( ! prec$+ volumes 9  ?is s]ies3       
,h>p]'s ,outdoor ,book = ,boys & ,h>p]'s
 ,electricity  ,book = ,boys1 :i*1      
toge!r ) ,h>p]'s ,h[ to ,und]/&         
,electrical ,"w1 =m ! mod]n 8,boy's ,own
 ,libr>y40      ,,! ,,end