,,b>ri] ,,bea*es ,,( ,,! ,,atlantic ,,coa/4 ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,j4 ,h4 ,,m]rill1 ,,ph4 ,d4 ,,repr9t$ ,,f ,,! ,,popul> ,,sci5ce ,,mon?ly ,,= ,,octob]1 #ahij4 ,,new ,,york3 ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company4 #ahij4 ,,b>ri] ,,bea*es ,,( ,,! ,,atlantic ,,coa/ ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,j4 ,h4 ,,m]rill1 ,,ph4 ,d4 ,f ,cape ,cod to ,cape ,florida our coa/ is fr+$ ) b>ri] bea*es4 ,!y are ! reefs ( s& :i* protect ! ma9l& %ore f ! /orm-waves ( ! ocean4 ,isolat$ & un9habit$ 7 mo/ ( ^! sea-born b>ri]s = a long p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( our c\ntry1 b ! ne$ ( a brea?+-place on ! "p ( ! ?\s&s :o inhabit our cr[d$ cities has caus$1 )9 a few ye>s1 a great trans=mation4 ,railroad & turnpike bridges h be5 built1 connect+ _m ( !m ) ! %ore4 ,hotels & cottages1 club-h\ses & ba?+-h\ses1 9 %ort1 build+s = e purpose :i* contributes to ! pleasure & com=t ( man h sprung up1 z x 7 by magic1 on ! s\? %ore ( ,long ,isl&1 on ! coa/ ( ,new ,j]sey1 ,virg9ia1 & ! ,c>ol9as1 on ! fam$ sea-isl&s ( ,georgia1 & on ! coa/ ( ea/]n ,florida4 ,mu* alike are ^! p59sulas & isl&s :]ev] we view !m along ! coa/4 ,! *ief v>iation is 9 ! vegetation :i* clo!s !m4 ,! bea*es ( ,long ,isl& are almo/ b>r51 b f ,new ,j]sey s\?w>d _m are cov]$ ) d5se =e/s :i* v>y 9 _! trees accord+ to ! latitude4 ,at ,s&y ,hook1 oaks1 r$ c$>s1 hollies1 maples1 & sassafras-trees gr[ 9 wond]ful luxuriance4 ,on ,sev5-,mile ,bea* & ,holly ,bea* ! swamp magnolia ab\nds among ! o!rs4 ,9 ! ,c>ol9as ! palmetto appe>s1 (t5 ragg$ 9 outl9e & blight$ by ! w9t] fro/s4 ,9 nor!rn ,florida ! palmettos are m num]\s & %[ ! influ5ce ( a w>m] climate1 :ile on ! s\!rn extremity ( ! zone ( b>ri] bea*es ! cocoanut palm1 plant$ by accid5t or design1 re>s its leafy cr[n 9 luxuriant v]dure4 ,x is n ! design ( ! writ] to describe 9 detail ! bea*es ( ! ,atlantic coa/1 b r to consid] _! hi/ory & mode ( gr[?4 ,z x has be5 8 =tune to sp5d mu* "t on ! sea-%ore ( ,new ,j]sey1 he proposes to discuss ! b>ri] bea*es ( t ,/ate z types ( _! g5us4 ,!y are s&y isl&s & p59sulas1 f two to tw5ty miles 9 l5g? & f half a mile to a mile 9 wid?1 sep>at$ by inlets & usually divid$ f ! ma9l& by an int]val ( sev]al miles1 9 :i* are broad expanses ( salt mead[1 fr++ & sep>at+ a s]ies ( *annels1 bays1 & s\nds4 ,! bea*es :i* are n[ 9 _! highe/ /ate ( developm5t are ,s&y ,hook1 ,sev5-,mile ,bea*1 & ,holly ,bea* ne> ,cape ,may4 ,^! typical examples ( ! sea-born b>ri]s are mu* alike 9 /ructure1 & consi/ ( f\r pr9cipal divisions4 ,! fir/ division1 or int]ior1 is an undulat+ area cov]$ ) heavy timb]1 ( :i* ! size sugge/s its age4 ,imm5se hollies1 oaks1 p9es1 & r$ c$>s ab\nd1 _m ( ! fir/ measur+ two feet 9 diamet]1 & "s ( ! latt] atta9+ a circumf]5ce ( f\r or five y>ds4 ,! sassafras gr[s 9 rem>kable luxuriance & imm5se grape-v9es are ev]y:]e to be se51 ov]hang+ a d5se und]gr[?4 ,9 spr+ & summ] ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) fragrant blossoms2 columb9es1 violets1 p9ks1 or*ids1 & a ho/ ( o!r fl[]s l5d _! blight colors to enhance ! v>i$ gre5s ( ! foliage4 ,?is is ! bea* primeval4 ,skirt+ x seaw>d is ! second division1 :i* be>s small] timb]4 ,l[ c$>s1 hollies1 & p9es are "h ! *ief =ms ( arboreal vegetation1 & few] fl[]+ plants are se54 ,?is zone is ( lat] =mation1 & its trees are y\ng] ?an ^? ( ! fir/4 ,adjo9+ x is ! ?ird division1 :i* consi/s ( a belt ( undulat+ dunes a few hundr$ feet or y>ds 9 wid?1 & be>+ ! mossy ,hudsonia or scrubby bu%es ( bea* plum & wax-myrtle1 or 9 "s places1 especially on ! out] r[ ( dunes1 only support+ a meag] gr[? ( bea* grass4 ,frequ5tly1 betwe5 two r[s ( dunes1 an expanse ( salt mead[ occurs1 or a s& flat be>+ /unt$ =ms ( plant life4 ,) ?is ?ird division ends ! doma9 ( vegetation1 succe$$ by ! slop+ /r& ^u :i* ! tide rises & falls4 ,! s&-b>1 expos$ at l[ wat] at ! extremity ( ! bea*1 is con/antly increas$ 9 l5g? & height by ! action ( ! curr5ts1 & ! process ( bea* =mation is "h cont9ually 9 progress4 ,z ! tide falls1 ! s& laid b>e is rapidly dri$ by ! w9d & c>ri$ above high-wat] m>k4 ,!n1 safe beyond ! rea* ( ! waves1 ! m9ute p>ticles are borne /ill f>!r f ! wat]1 & /rik+ aga9/ "s piece ( drift-wood1 bu%1 or tuft ( grass1 quickly build a hillock1 :i* gr[s l>g] & l>g] z m s& falls ^u x1 & a dune is =m$ _m feet 9 height4 ,! mat]ial ( :i* ^! dunes are compos$ is nev] at re/1 b flies hi!r & ?i!r ) ! w9d1 & a hillock t5 or fifte5 feet high to-day may noiselessly be tak5 d[n to-morr[ & rebuilt a hundr$ y>ds away4 ,9 "t1 z ! bea* gr[s seaw>d & ! dunes increase 9 numb]1 ^? ( e>li] =mation1 :i* are some:at protect$ f ! breeze1 cat* a few se$s1 & tufts ( grass beg9 to gr[ ^u !m4 ,/ill lat]1 ! mossy ,hudsonia or "s />vel+ wax-myrtle f9ds a little su/5ance1 & z ye>s elapse ! dunes become s ?ickly cov]$ ) vegetation t "u ! protection ( ! seaw>d hillocks !y reta9 _! =m ) comp>atively little *ange4 ,?us h ! bea*es gr[n4 ,fir/ a s& flat built by ocean waves & curr5ts2 !n a s]ies ( l[1 %ift+ dunes2 next %elt]$ hillocks1 on :i* grasses & %rubs fa/5 _! protect+ roots2 succe$+ ! latt] a gr[? ( small c$>s & p9es2 &1 f9ally1 z c5turies roll on1 maje/ic =e/ trees raise _! spread+ tops & %elt] a d5se und]gr[?4 ,^! few words suffice to describe ! bea*es' gr[?1 _! physiology2 b _m pages might be writt5 ^u _! hi/ory1 ! details ( _! developm5t1 _! *anges & _! decay4 ,un=tunately1 ! records are b incomplete4 ,f ! memories ( old m5 we c glean "s facts 9 reg>d to ! =m] condition & ext5t ( c]ta9 bea*es & conc]n+ m>k$ *anges 9 !m :i* h be5 notable ev5ts to m5 ( quiet lives4 ,9 a few in/ances1 surveys 7 made a c5tury or two ago :i* c be comp>$ ) ^? ( to-day4 ,at pres5t we c wat* ! *anges :i* occur f ye> to ye>4 ,z geological sci5ce advances we c speculate conc]n+ ! pa/ on ! basis ( pres5t k & obs]vation4 ,we h little accurate in=mation1 b1 aft] all1 we h mu* t is int]e/+4 ,! bea* ( ,s&y ,hook =ms ! nor!rn extremity ( ! ,new ,j]sey sea-coa/4 ,previ\s to #aggh x 0 connect$ ) ! base ( ! ,naves9k ,highl&s by a s&y i/hmus1 ! m\?s ( ! ,naves9k & ,%rewsbury ,riv]s be+ op5 to ! ea/2 b f t date until ab\t #ahcj1 & f #ahdh until #ahhi1 x has be5 unit$ ) ! ma9l& at ,monm\? ,bea* by a n>r[ /rip ( s&4 ,accord+ to records 9 ! (fice ( ! ,surveyor-,g5]al ( ,ea/ ,j]sey & 9 t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,coa/ ,survey1 ! po9t ( ,s&y ,hook advanc$ nor?w>d ab\t "o mile betwe5 #afhe & #ahhe4 ,! ligh?\se 0 built ab\t #agfd ne> ! wat]'s edge1 & ! gr\nd on :i* x /&s _h !n exi/$ = only fifte5 ye>s z a portion ( t]ra firma4 ,9 #ahdd ! po9t 0 ab\t two hundr$ & fifty y>ds nor? ( its pres5t limit4 ,s9ce t date x has rec$$ sl[ly t[>d ! s\?1 & t[>d ! we/ has ext5d$ a qu>t] ( a mile4 ,we h no evid5ce conc]n+ ! date ( =mation ( ! old 8,hook0 :i* exi/$ be=e #afhe4 ,x is n[ well m>k$ by imm5se =e/ trees1 :i* exce$ 9 height & size ( trunk any ( _! species kn[n to ! writ] 9 ! neighborhood ( ,new ,york4 ,! rapid gr[? ( ,s&y ,hook is due to a curr5t :i* fl[s nor?w>d f ! vic9ity ( ,manasquan1 c>ry+ ) x a great quantity ( s& remov$ f ! wat]-front ( ,asbury ,p>k1 ,long ,bran*1 ,seabright1 & t vic9ity1 :i* is dropp$ along ! bord] ( ! 8,hook0 & its extremity4 ,! inve/igations ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,coa/ & ,geodetic ,survey h %[n t ! ebb & fl[ ( ! tides f & to ,new ,york ,bay produce ?is curr5t by draw+ a /ream ( wat] ?r\gh ,false ,hook ,*annel1 :i* lies betwe5 ,s&y ,hook & a subm]g$ b> call$ ,false ,hook half a mile to ! ea/4 ,! /ream fl[s nor?w>d m ?an sev5 h\rs out ( twelve1 & f ?is fact prop]ty-own]s 9 ! neighborhood ( ,long ,bran* may appreciate :at becomes ( _! real e/ate :5 x disappe>s dur+ ! /orms4 ,if !re 7 any means ( id5tify+ ! soil1 x might all be f\nd on ! rapidly gr[+ po9t ( ,s&y ,hook4 ,ab\t #aggh a *annel 0 op5$ across ! n>r[ i/hmus :i* unit$ ,s&y ,hook ) ! base ( ! ,naves9k ,highl&s1 & a new passage be+ ?us af=d$ = ! tidal curr5ts ( ! ,naves9k & ,%rewsbury ,riv]s1 ! old ,%rewsbury ,inlet1 :i* =m$ ! common m\? ( ^? two e/u>ies1 0 gradually clos$ by ! nor?w>d ext5sion ( ! s&-spit :i* =m$ ! s\!rn limit1 & 9 #ahaj became impassable4 ,! b>ri] ?us =m$ exi/$ until #ahcj or #ahca1 :5 x 0 brok5 ?r\gh & a second inlet 0 creat$4 ,by a *ange 9 ! tidal curr5ts1 due to ! =mation ( ?is new inlet1 ! i/hmus :i* =m]ly connect$ ,s&y ,hook ) ! ,highl&s ( ,naves9k 0 aga9 br\ght into exi/5ce & rema9$ until #ahce4 ,an artificial *annel 0 !n cut ?r\gh x1 & ?is be+ gradually deep5$ & wid5$ by ! ebb & fl[ ( ! tides1 has ev] s9ce rema9$ op54 ,! second ,%rewsbury inlet clos$ 9 #ahdj ne> ,isl& ,bea*1 hav+ mov$ nor?w>d ne>ly ?ree miles dur+ its exi/5ce ( n9e or t5 ye>s4 ,9 #ahcg or #ahch ! ?ird & la/ inlet op5$ ne> ! pres5t ,bellevue ,hotel1 & af=d$ a bett] *annel = navigation ?an ! second inlet1 :i* x foll[$ 9 its nor?w>d c\rse & surviv$ by ab\t eight ye>s4 ,f #ahdh until ,septemb]1 #ahhi1 no inlet has be5 op5$2 b ?is fact is due r to ! ef=ts ( ! railroad company to ma9ta9 its road-b$ ?an to a dim9ution ( ! t5d5cy ( ! waves & tidal curr5ts to op5 a passage4 ,! facts & dates conc]n+ ! ,%rewsbury ,inlets h be5 obta9$ *iefly by inquiry f old fi%]m5 & sailors :o h sp5t _! lives on or ne> ! wat]s ( ! ,naves9k & ,%rewsbury ,riv]s4 ,com+ f a numb] ( indep5d5t s\rces1 !y agree v closely1 & ^? "h giv5 may be accept$ z wor?y ( cr$5ce4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! inlets to "w nor?w>d1 p]iodically clos+ & reop5+ f>!r s\?1 has be5 obs]v$ 9 all ^? betwe5 ,po9t ,pleasant & ,s&y ,hook1 especially 9 ^? ( ,manasquan & ,%>k ,riv]s4 ,betwe5 ,po9t ,pleasant & ,cape ,may1 h[ev]1 all ! inlets are mov+ s\?w>d4 ,f ,monm\? to ! head ( ,b>negat ,bay !re is no bea* simil> to t ( ,s&y ,hook4 ,in/ead ( a s&-reef sep>at$ f ! ma9l& by a navigable *annel1 !re is only ! slop+ /r& adjo9+1 z at ,long ,bran*1 ! foot ( an upl& bluff1 or z at ,spr+ ,lake1 ,seagirt1 & ,po9t ,pleasant1 ) its cre/ on a level ) ! surface ( ! upl&4 ,betwe5 ,bay ,head & ,cape ,may1 h[ev]1 !re are twelve bea*es1 mo/ly well develop$ & pres]v$1 & nam$ respectively ,squan1 ,isl&1 ,long1 ,isl& or ,little1 ,brigant9e1 ,absecon1 ,peck's1 ,ludlam's1 ,sev5-,mile1 ,five-,mile or ,holly1 ,two-,mile1 & ,pov]ty4 ,! majority ( ^!1 h[ev]1 d n %[ ! high degree ( developm5t exhibit$ by ,sev5-,mile & ,five-,mile ,bea*es4 ,"s appe> to be only 9 ! e>li] /ages ( gr[?1 :ile o!rs h pass$ _! prime & are n[ yield+ to ! attacks ( w9d & wave4 ,^! ag5ts h be5 hi!rto consid]$ only ) ref]5ce to _! con/ructive effect on ! bea*es1 & x n[ rema9s to consid] _! de/ructive action4 ,:5 ! w9d bl[s f ! we/ x c>ries back to ! sea mu* ( ! s& :i* ! ea/ w9d _h pil$ up 9 dunes1 &1 b = ! fact t ! latt] w9d prevails1 ! s&-hills w\ld n long exi/4 ,by a surplus ( con/ructive action1 h[ev]1 ! bea*es are all mov+ to ! we/4 ,ye> aft] ye> s& is remov$ f _! ea/]n m>g9 by ! w9t] /orms1 & c>ri$ nor? or s\? accord+ to ! direction ( ! prevail+ curr5t4 ,! w9ds f ! ocean drive ! dunes we/w>d1 &1 ) ! possible exception ( ,s&y ,hook1 all ! bea*es are n[ und]laid by an old salt mead[1 orig9ally =m$ 9 %elt]$ wat]s on _! we/ side4 ,9 ?is turf1 :5 expos$ dur+ an unusually l[ tide1 ! footpr9ts ( cattle are se5 9 _m places1 made1 x is claim$1 :5 ! salt mead[ 0 a pa/ure & lay on ! %orew>d side ( ! bea*4 ,?is we/w>d recession has1 9 _m cases1 am\nt$ to m ?an a mile )9 two c5turies4 ,on _m ( ! bea*es s\? ( ,po9t ,pleasant ! we/w>d progress ( ! dunes has be5 made ov] & ?r\gh ! native =e/4 ,z a result ( ?is1 gn>l$ c$>s1 dy+ & dead1 are f\nd among ! dunes2 & 9 _m cases /umps may be se5 9 ! s& )9 rea* ( ! tide4 ,ne> ! nor!rn end ( ,sev5-,mile ,bea*1 at ! "t ( ! writ]'s visit 9 #ahhe1 an imm5se dune =ty feet 9 height & half a mile 9 l5g? _h be5 = _m ye>s encroa*+ /eadily ^u ! d5se =e/4 ,! tree-tops "h project$ above ! summit ( ! ridge l ! heads ( dr[n+ m5 above ! waves2 :ile on ! out] flank ( ! ov]:elm+ mass ( s& ! gn>l$1 skeleton trunks ( ^? :i* _h p]i%$ 9 x /ood b>e & grim1 %[+ ) dre>y grayness ! fate ( ! e>li] victims ( :i* ! ragg$ & wave-worn /umps alone rema9$4 ,a m desolate sc5e ! writ] has nev] witness$4 ,at ,long ,bran* ! we> ( ! coa/ has be5 v great4 ,accord+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,coa/ & ,geodetic ,survey1 a /rip ( l& v>y+ f ?ree hundr$ to five hundr$ feet 9 wid? 0 remov$ betwe5 ,deal ,bea* & ,monm\? dur+ ! tw5ty-sev5 ye>s prec$+ #ahfh4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ,seabright ! am\nt ( we> 0 a little less ?an two hundr$ feet dur+ t p]iod4 ,( late ye>s ! rate ( recession has be5 dim9i%$ 9 ! neighborhood ( ,long ,bran* by ! means ( artificial protection employ$1 b ne> ,seabright ! %ore l9e is said to h rec$$ at lea/ two hundr$ feet dur+ ! pa/ qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,at ,cape ,may ! we> ( ! %ore has be5 cont9u\s except :]e ! l& is protect$ by jetties or a /one sea-wall1 ! rate ( encroa*m5t v>y+ f t5 to ?irty feet a ye>4 ,besides ^! alt]ations produc$ 9 ! bea*es by _! we/w>d progress1 ! v>iations 9 ! positions ( ! inlets & ! subsid5ce ( ! coa/ h caus$ _m important *anges4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,%rewsbury ,inlets has already be5 giv52 x rema9s to m5tion a few ( ^? s\? ( ,po9t ,pleasant4 ,squan & ,isl& ,bea*es1 :i* n[ =m a p59sula ab\t tw5ty miles long1 t]m9at+ at ,b>negat ,inlet1 7 sep>at$ f #agej to #ahab by ,cranb]ry ,inlet1 :i* 0 ne>ly opposite ! m\? ( ,tom's ,riv]4 ,s9ce #ahab ne> ! site ( ?is old inlet !re h be5 o!rs ( brief duration1 & "o is said to h exi/$ be=e #agee opposite ! m\? ( ! ,met$econk ,riv]1 :i* sep>at$ ,squan ,bea* f ! ma9l&4 ,! old ,b>negat ,ligh?\se is said to h /ood ne>ly six hundr$ y>ds nor? ( ! pres5t s\? %ore ( ! inlet1 at a po9t n[ occupi$ by ! c5t] ( ! *annel4 ,9 #ahee ! old t[] 0 at ! wat]'s edge1 s t ! inlet has mov$ s\?w>d approximately tw5ty y>ds p] ye>4 ,absecon ,inlet1 :i* sep>ates ,brigant9e ,bea* f ,absecon ,bea*1 has encroa*$ ^u ! latt] ab\t f\r hundr$ y>ds 9 tw5ty ye>s2 & ! ocean front ( t portion ( ,absecon ,bea* :i* is occupi$ by ,atlantic ,city ext5d$ 9 #ahee ne>ly half a mile f>!r ea/ ?an x did 9 #ahhe4 ,ab\t #ahge jetties 7 built :i* arre/$ ! action ( ! tidal curr5ts1 &1 ! we> ( ! %ore be+ ?us prev5t$1 a consid]able area 0 re/or$4 ,subm]g$ tree-/umps & o!r evid5ces ( a subsid5ce ( ! coa/ may be f\nd on ! bea*es & ! salt mead[s1 b a detail$ enum]ation ( !m w\ld be beyond ! scope ( ! pres5t article4 ,9 ,cape ,may ,c\nty ! depression has n be5 less ?an tw5ty feet1 & has possibly be5 mu* great]4 ,! evid5ce ( "s old build+s on ! %ore ( ,delaw>e ,bay sugge/s a subsid5ce ( ab\t f\r feet dur+ ! la/ two c5turies4 ,x is d\btful :e!r depression alone has caus$ ! we> ( ! coa/4 ,a comp>ison ( ! pres5t outl9e ( ,holly ,bea* ) t det]m9$ by a survey 9 #aggb %[s an accretion on ! s\? & ea/1 s9ce ! latt] date1 m ?an ?ree & a half miles long & av]ag+ ?ree eigh?s ( a mile 9 wid?1 & on _m o!r bea*es a simil> gr[? has tak5 place4 ,dur+ ! pa/ five ye>s ! ocean has rapidly encroa*$ ^u ^! bea*es1 :ile ! subsid5ce ( ! coa/1 s f> z we "k1 has be5 uni=m ?r\gh\t ! pa/ two c5turies4 ,x w\ld appe>1 !re=e1 t ! gr[? & decay ( ! bea*es are m dep5d5t ^u ! action ( ! ocean curr5ts & w9ds ?an ^u o!r ag5cies4 ,unque/ionably ! depression ( ! coa/ r5d]s ! bea*es m subject to ov]fl[ & erosion by ! waves & curr5ts2 b ! evid5ce at _m po9ts %[s t ! latt] are capable ( =m+ l>ge areas ( bea* :]e ! conditions ( _! exi/5ce & action favor con/ruction r ?an de/ruction4 ,:ile ^! curr5ts act z at pres5t1 ! co/ ( prev5t+ ! ravages ( ! sea1 by ! me?ods commonly 9 use1 w\ld probably be mu* great] ?an ! value ( ! l& protect$1 = ! f9e s& is s un/able :5 wet t bulkheads & breakwat]s are q ephem]al4 ,aft] an ext5d$ exam9ation ( ! v>i\s sy/ems ( %ore def5se 9 use betwe5 ,s&y ,hook & ,cape ,may1 x appe>s to ! writ] t ! only effectual means ( protection is ! con/ruction ( jetties ext5d+ f> en\gh f ! %ore to int]cept ! curr5ts :i* c>ry away ! s& loos5$ by ! waves4 ,su* jetties h add$ a l>ge area to ! t]ritory ( ,atlantic ,city1 & h protect$ ! %ore at ,cape ,may2 no d\bt !y w\ld be effective ev]y:]e if prop]ly con/ruct$4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! pa/ t5 ye>s on ! ,new ,j]sey coa/ %[s conclusively t ! ocean front is n fit = build+ purposes1 = x is impossible to protect a h\se ne> ! wat]'s edge f injury or de/ruction 9 ! heavie/ /orms4 ,! height & =ce ( ! waves 9 su* a tempe/ z t ( ,septemb] #aj & #aa1 #ahhi1 r5d] !m irresi/ible to any body or /ructure :i* nature or art has yet produc$1 & any?+ )9 _! rea* mu/ suff]4 ,! imm$iate wat]-front is only available = p>ks2 &1 if devot$ to ?is use1 :5 protect$ f ! erosive action ( ! curr5ts by suitable jetties1 w\ld rema9 a neutral gr\nd :i*1 9 fair wea!r1 w\ld af=d numb]less attractions to ! occupants ( dwell+s plac$ f> en\gh f ! /r& to be out ( rea* ( ! /orm-waves4 ,prop]ty-own]s along ! ocean front ( ! bea*es h g5]ally made ! mi/ake ( suppos+ t ! doma9 ( ! ,atlantic 0 b\nd$ by ! high-wat] m>k ( ! spr+ tides4 ,any "o :o %\ld build a dwell+ on ! /r& bel[ ord9>y high-wat] m>k w\ld be consid]$ lack+ 9 common s5se1 yet x is sc>cely less fooli% to build )9 rea* ( ! /orm-waves4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 true t _m cottages are n[ mu* ne>] ! wat]'s edge ?an !y 7 a few ye>s ago4 ,?is is due to ! we> ( ! %ore by curr5ts already describ$ z fl[+ p>allel to x & remov+ ! s& :i* ! waves h loos5$4 ,if ! action ( ^! curr5ts %\ld be /opp$--& !re is good evid5ce to %[ t a sy/em ( jetties w\ld int]cept !m & cause !m to drop _! /ol5 load ( s&--! we> ( ! %ore w\ld be arre/$ & ! ye>ly encroa*m5ts ( ! ocean w\ld cease4 ,) reg>d to ! inundation ( ,atlantic ,city by ! sea 9 ! great ,septemb] /orm ( #ahhi x %\ld be said t ?is cata/rophe ought n to be consid]$ v wond]ful1 s9ce ! great] portion ( ! city is less ?an t5 feet above mean tide1 & ! highe/ po9t record$ by ! ,new ,j]sey ,/ate ,survey is only ?irte5 feet above t level4 ,z ord9>y tides rise a foot above ?is plane1 & spr+ tides ne>ly two feet1 x is evid5t t a prolong$ ea/]ly /orm w\ld soon cause a consid]able area to be ov]fl[$4 ,s9ce ! bays & *annels :i* lie betwe5 ! bea* & ! ma9l& are almo/ completely l&lock$ & ! inlets are relatively n>r[1 ! wat]-level is soon rais$ to a height ( two or ?ree feet above ! mead[s1 & ?is is suffici5t to cov] mo/ ( ! railroad tracks4 ,to be sure1 no su* inundation z ! rec5t "o has occurr$ s9ce ,atlantic ,city became a place ( importance1 nor d ! old resid5ts on ! coa/ rememb] su* a /orm 9 =m] ye>s2 b x is evid5t t1 :ile ! bea*es 7 un9habit$1 su* a /orm z ! "o 9 "q w\ld attract less att5tion1 s9ce x w\ld cause little if any loss ( prop]ty4 ,! g5esis ( ! bea*es is /ill a matt] = speculation1 b x may be safely affirm$ t !y orig9at$ z s&-b>s1 =m$ "u wat] by wave & curr5t action4 ,h[ ^! b>s 7 br\ght above wat]1 s t ! w9d c\ld ex]t its con/ructive p[]1 is unc]ta94 ,a plausible hypo!sis is1 t :ile ! ocean 0 break+ on ! ma9l& %ore & =m+ ! ,quat]n>y t]races1 :i* may be se5 !re1 s&-b>s 7 made "u wat]1 & t ! cont95tal elevation :i* rais$ ^! t]races to _! pres5t position f tw5ty-five to eighty feet above tide1 br\ght ^! s&-b>s above wat] into a horizon ( olian action4 ,once above ! sea1 ! bea*es w\ld ma9ta9 _! exi/5ce4 ,a cont9u$ elevation ( ! coa/ w\ld add to _! seaw>d ext5t & a depression w\ld cause a we/w>d recession until !y 7 br\ght to re/ by contact ) ! ma9l& %ore4 ,9 ,new ,j]sey ! latt] condition may be obs]v$ betwe5 ,long ,bran* & ,po9t ,pleasant & also at ,cape ,may4 ,s f> z x is kn[n to ! writ]1 ! only way 9 :i* a bea* c be entirely de/roy$ is by an inlet %ift+ its position4 ,9 ?is case ! bea* oblit]at$ is replac$ by ! ext5sion ( an adjac5t bea*4 ,( ! bea*es s\? ( ,new ,j]sey n en\gh is kn[n to ! writ] to p]mit ( a detail$ biographical sket*4 ,_! =m & /ructure %[ t !y h be5 subject to ! same =mative ag5cies & vicissitudes z ^? already describ$4 ,9 addition to ! ,georgia sea-isl&s ( ante-bellum fame1 may be m5tion$ z famili> examples ! b>ri]s :i* 9 ,virg9ia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a sep>ate ,albem>le & ,pamlico ,s\nds f ! ocean2 9 ,florida1 ,amelia ,isl& on :i* is built ! city ( ,f]n&9a2 ,ana/asia ,isl&1 9 front ( ,/4 ,augu/9e2 & ! bea*es :i* sep>ate ,halifax & ,indian ,riv]s f ! ,atlantic4 ,! la/ nam$ riv]s are ! lagoons :i* sep>ate ! b>ri]s f ! ma9l& %ore4 ,lake ,wor? is "o ( ^! lagoons1 ( :i* ! inlet has be5 clos$4 ,to :at ext5t ! ,florida ,keys may be includ$ 9 ! category ( b>ri] bea*es mu/ be decid$ by future inve/igation4 ,key ,we/ is evid5tly a wave-built s&-b> compos$ ( fragm5ts ( coral1 molluscan %ells1 & =am9if]a1 & x seems likely t ,cayo ,l>go & o!rs ( t type may be ( simil> orig94 ,! coqu9a deposits ( ! vic9ity ( ,/4 ,augu/9e are also wave-=m$4 ,! hypo!sis ( ,pr(4 ,l\is ,agassiz1 t ! ,florida ,keys are all ( organic orig9--i4 e41 t !y 7 =m$ by ! gr[? ( coral reefs--may be true s f> z ! det]m9ation ( _! location & direction4 ,a subm]g$ reef ( coral may h =m$ a nucleus on :i* ! waves & curr5ts deposit$ a load ( calc>e\s s&1 b ! sup]ficial portion is evid5tly simil> 9 orig9 to t ( ! bea*es f>!r nor?4 ,b>ri] bea*es are f\nd on all ! sea-coa/s ( ! _w :]e opportunity = _! gr[? has be5 af=d$1 & ^? ( ,new ,j]sey may be reg>d$ z types ( ^! =mations 9 all _! ess5tial features4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,italiciz$ text is surr\nd$ by und]scores3 italics4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 hyph5ation h be5 /&>diz$4 ,ar*aic or v>iant spell+ has be5 reta9$4 ,! cov] image = ?is e,book 0 creat$ by ! transcrib] & is ent]$ into ! public doma94