,transcriber's ,note3 ,the ,greek is transcribed as printed1 although a correct transcription has also been provided at the end of the book6 ,,the ,,improved ,,antidote1 ,,supposed ,,to ,,be ,,more ,active in ,expelling ,poison1 ,,than ,a ,,late ,,invention1 ,,by ,,the ,rev4 ,sir ,harcourt ,lees1 ,bart4 ,,in ,,which ,,the ,,catholics ,,are ,,vindicated ,,from ,,his ,,abuse1 ,,and ,,their ,,claims ,,for ,unrestricted ,emancipation1 ,,considered4 ,addressed to the ,public4 1 ,,basil4 ,,dublin3 ,,printed1 ,,and ,,sold ,,by ,,the ,,booksellers1 #ahbj4 ,,to ,,the ,,public1 c4 ,should a great and commercial ,people experience an unlooked for reverse of fortune2 should a rapid decay of ,trade1 a long protracted and ruinous ,war1 an expenditure of the ,public ,money1 at once lavish and unnecessary1 should even all these causes conspire with an oppressive national debt1 in reducing them from opulence and prosperity to the lowest ebb of distress1 the consequences must be melancholy and alarming3 ,on one hand1 the ,people1 impatient of this calamitous change1 will murmur against ,government1 and proceed to disorderly and tumultuous ,insurrections4 ,on the other1 ,administration1 foreseeing danger to its own permanence and safety1 will perhaps1 adopt coercive measures1 not altogether consistent with the liberty of its subjects3--,under these circumstances1 every well intentioned mind will be deeply affected with concern1 for the welfare of his country2 various means will be recommended of healing its disorders1 or1 at least1 of mitigating their virulence2 and no one can be reprehensible in proposing a ,remedy1 or an alteration1 even1 though the success be doubtful3--,influenced by such considerations1 we also appeal to the indulgence of a generous ,public1 and should the application we offer prove beneficial1 the utmost wish of our heart will be gratified1 should it1 on the contrary1 be neglected or derided1 the consciousness of an upright intention1 must in some measure console us4 ,an ,antidote has been already prescribed by a ,revd4 ,baronet1 we presume with the same view2 the application of which1 however1 in our opinion1 would tend to cherish the malignancy of the disease1 rather than to eradicate its cause3--,wherefore1 alarmed for the constitution of the patient1 should it be adopted1 and at the same time1 though we acknowledge and applaud the ,revd4 ,author's anxiety in this case1 suspecting that he would prefer a partial to a complete ,restoration1 we humbly beg leave to state our reasons for differing in sentiment with a man of his consummate knowledge and experience1 together with our objections to his ,antidote4 ,that the present crisis is an alarming one1 every man capable of reflection1 will readily admit1 that1 however1 every artifice of audacity and craft has been exerted 7and with success exerted7 to undermine the religious1 moral1 and political sentiments of the great mass of the manufacturing and agricultural orders of ,society in ,england1 seems to require some farther proof1 than the mere assertion of the ,author1 before we can assent to it1 with an equal degree of conviction3--,is it probable that1 notwithstanding the firmness which has so eminently distinguished the present ,administration1 such artifices should be resorted to with impunity8 ,is it possible that success should attend such artifices1 notwithstanding the vigilance of ,ministers1 so unhesitatingly displayed in the removal of ,lord ,fitzwilliam8 ,perhaps1 the ,revd4 ,author meant obliquely to censure ,administration1 for overlooking such attempts in the first instance1 and subsequently1 for not foreseeing and guarding against their pernicious effects1 for not suppressing tumultuous assemblies1 when1 7according to his assertion7 the then existing laws1 were of sufficient force to stamp the greater part of them with the ,seal of illegality4 ,it is a melancholy consideration1 that the ,christian ,religion1 which inculcates universal good will and beneficence1 as the peculiar doctrine of its founder1 should have been not unfrequently perverted1 in consequence of the self-interested and prejudiced views of individuals1 into an instrument of cruelty and oppression2 and it is probable that this perversion should have an influence1 in bringing into disrepute the ,religion we profess1 7which is meant we presume1 by the overthrow of our ,god7 far more prevalent than the effusions of impiety and atheism1 however circulated in private1 or openly and daringly boasted of2--,the pure and simple precepts of ,christianity call forth our utmost admiration1 the sanctity and beneficence of its founder1 excite in us reverence and love1 can then these impious and atheistical dogmas 7inspiring us but with horror7 can these dogmas it may be asked1 counteract the influence of the ,religion in which we have been educated1 which we have been taught1 and which we are inclined from its pure morality to respect8 ,it is the abuse of ,christianity1 its pretended friends1 not its open and avowed antagonists1 that will ever abridge its permanence or diffusion4 ,power1 wealth1 and consequence1 are the prime motives of human exertion1 and when once in possession of these objects1 men are equally anxious to preserve1 as they originally were to acquire them3--the establishment of ,hierarchies is of human invention1 and of course1 must partake in the imperfections of humanity2 ,these ,hierarchies vest in the several members composing them1 no small share of profit and authority1 to retain which1 is their common interest2 whenever the particular tenets1 for the maintenance of which1 the establishment was originally formed1 are called in question1 its members1 alarmed at the impending danger1 resort to every means in their power1 of upholding their own1 and of repelling the influence of their assailants1 among which1 persecution may perhaps appear a ready and effectual mode of quelling all opposition4 ,the ,church of ,rome exceeded all other ,hierarchies in extent of ,dominion1 of ,power1 and of ,influence2 its exertions1 therefore1 against all assailants would be proportionably vigorous1 its persecutions proportionably extensive3--these assertions are not advanced with the view of vindicating ,persecution1 they are meant merely to account1 in some measure1 for its origin2--convinced that the ,god of ,mercy can delight only in ,virtue and ,integrity1 every reflecting mind must abhor and condemn the mistaken zeal of those1 who think they promote the service of the ,divinity1 by torturing and afflicting his creatures3--but have the members of the ,protestant ,establishment entirely abstained from the exercise of this instrument1 to establish or confirm their ,power8 ,are they1 altogether1 innocent of resorting to this object of their reprehension8 ,for a solution of these questions we may recur to our own domestic annals4 ,has not the bulk of the ,irish ,nation been subject to the will and caprice of a few individuals 7in comparison with its population7 and this1 for adhering to the religion of their forefathers8--,have not the ministers of this religion 7after being compelled to seek their education in some foreign country7 been debarred from the exercise of their sacred functions except by stealth or privacy8--,have not the adherents to this ,religion been shackled in every effort to better their condition8--,have they not been rendered incapable of acquiring real property8--,if possessed of such property1 have they not been subject to its entire forfeiture by information or discovery8--,were not such forfeitures intended to act as allurements for children to inform1 even1 against their own parents8--,was not every father of a family liable to punishment for educating his children1 in that religious persuasion1 which he esteemed the only true one8--,were not ,catholics ineligible to any office of power or trust8--,were not these ,acts in force for nearly a century8--,many other grievances1 equally oppressive in addition to these1 were inflicted on them in direct violation of the ,treaty of ,limerick1 in which it was stipulated1 that the ,irish should be admissible to all the ,privileges of subjects1 upon taking the oath of ,allegiance1 without being bound to take the oath of ,supremacy3--our domestic annals1 then1 afford a strong presumption that the ,protestant ,establishment has been no less culpable1 in the exercise of persecution1 as an instrument to support its power1 than the ,romish ,hierarchy so much inveighed against2 whilst its present conduct1 in still withholding from the ,catholics a full participation in the privileges to which its ,protestant ,subjects are admitted1 is a convincing proof that it continues actuated by a spirit of intolerance2--not to particularize the absurd calumnies1 the foul misrepresentations1 so vehemently urged against them1 and of which some of its ministers 7we regret to observe7 are too intemperate in the application2--strange inconsistency that there is in mankind1 when the very means they severely reprehend1 are not frequently applied by themselves4--,can it be supposed1 that men of well cultivated understandings1 should be so lost to all sense of morality1 so destitute of respect for their own characters1 as to look upon wilful perjury as a virtue1 when resorted to for particular purposes1 or particular interests8--,can it be admitted that men1 many of them eye witnesses of1 and sufferers in the late revolutionary calamities on the ,continent1 when they return home should1 by the most atrocious of crimes1 voluntarily endanger the peace and tranquility of their native ,country8 ,their own conduct is a full refutation of the calumnious charges advanced against them1 a positive proof that they seriously regard their moral obligations2--they are1 not only1 peaceable in their own demeanor1--they render the people1 of whom they are the pastors1 quiet and inoffensive2--were they disposed to estimate wilful perjury as venial1 or1 in some particular instances1 as laudable1 they would recommend it to their several flocks1 and thus1 would the ,catholics1 by being freed from the restraint of morality1 become admissible to all the privileges of subjects2 but it is the part1 only1 of an abandoned profligate1 to profess his conformity with the established doctrines1 and to violate the most solemn engagements1 for the advancement of his own private interest or ambition2--the man of integrity disclaims all compromise with his conscience1 he will submit to every privation1 and will encounter indigence and obscurity1 rather than deserve the imputation of guilt3--the express denial of the ,catholic ,universities that any earthly power can grant absolution for perjury1 the solemn abjuration of such a doctrine by the ,priesthood themselves1 but above all1 the uniform tenor of their conduct1 proves that these calumnies are altogether unfounded4 ,national reflections1 it has been observed1 are not justified in theory1 nor on any general principles2--the same observation will hold good in regard to ,sects1 ,parties1 or ,professions3--particular individuals may1 undoubtedly1 be just objects of censure1 particular tenets of reprehension1 but indiscriminate abuse1 is the offspring of prejudice or malevolence1 it can never derive its origin from sober reason and impartiality4--,to follow the author of the ,antidote through his abusive rhapsody against the ,schismatics1 would1 perhaps1 engage us too far in scurrility1 to examine into the tenets1 he attributes to them1 will1 at least1 more usefully employ our attention4 ,a new sect has been lately formed1 the constitution of whose church1 he says1 instructs its adherents that1 through belief1 they will escape from the guilt and punishment of sin2 this proposition1 advanced as one of the tenets of the new sect1 is scarcely intelligible2--that a due portion of belief will exonerate us from the punishment of sin1 may be readily understood1 however we may doubt of its truth1 but that the commission of sin will not involve us in guilt1 is a proposition that cannot without difficulty be comprehended4 ,the ,revd4 ,author may mean perhaps1 that they maintain faith to be more meritorious than good works1 a doctrine which has been ascribed to many of the sectaries1 but1 as it is not included by him who founded our ,religion1 among the immediate requisites for salvation1 it ought to be examined with the utmost caution1 and1 if upon such an examination1 it should appear disadvantageous to the interest of society1 it ought at once to be rejected--according to this tenet1 its adherents are not required to cultivate those good qualities1 which are beneficial to mankind2 they neglect the occasions of beneficence1 they lose even the dispositions of benevolence1 in cultivating faith1 which quality above all others1 will insure their acceptance with ,god4 ,they expose themselves to the frauds of knaves1 or the errors of fanatics1 into which frauds and errors however1 they dare not examine1 as to doubt1 is to fail in that essential point1 on which they found their future hope2--under the influence likewise of this principle1 the tenor of their conduct becomes a matter of no moment1 it induces negligence in regard to their duties1 as men in a state of society1 since active virtue can be of no avail1 where faith is esteemed the sole requisite for justification3--a less grave argument also1 though upon so serious a subject1 may1 perhaps1 be not inapplicable4 ,faith depends upon ignorance1 of course the less a man knows1 the more he has to believe1 hence the most ignorant1 with a due supply of credulity1 will become the most meritorious of christians3--we would moreover1 recommend it to the ,revd4 ,author1 of the ,antidote1 to examine more accurately into his own ,articles of ,belief1 as required by law1 before he censures this doctrine of the ,sectaries4 ,they hold1 moreover1 as the ,rev4 ,author informs us1 farther1 that1 if once justified1 no outrage they can afterwards commit1 no sin 7it does not signify of how horrible a nature1 they can be guilty of7 will deprive them of eternal salvation2--,we readily join with ,sir ,harcourt ,lees in reprobating such a tenet1 it is absurd and presumptuous2--,the determinations of ,god are impenetrable by man2--his acceptance of our feeble efforts to conciliate his favor1 can be discovered only by the ,revelation he has communicated4--,how then can we become confident in our own justification1 during our present state of existence1 in which we are unceasingly liable to error8 ,the very supposition involves in it an absurdity2--but to arrogate to ourselves exemption from punishment for all future transgressions1 is to assume the peculiar province of the ,deity1 and is equally impious1 as it is presumptuous2--this tenet is also subversive of general ,benevolence1--its votaries must1 necessarily1 look upon themselves as the sole partakers in justification1 and the rest of mankind as outcasts from ,god's ,mercy4 ,they will esteem them1 therefore1 but little entitled to their consideration and regard2--the conceit of being justified must originate either in actual1 or fancied inspiration1 but inspiration is a real feeling of the ,divine ,presence1 enthusiasm a false one1 and the effects are nearly the same in either case1--how then will they guard themselves from misapprehension8 how will they be able to distinguish between ,divine ,inspiration1 and mere mortal enthusiasm8--,the former will1 we must acknowledge1 dissipate all doubt1 and confirm them in virtue1 but the latter may lead them into errors1 which it will be difficult1 if not impossible to repair3--may not these tenets however1 be somewhat overcharged1 ,i do not mean by design1 but through misapprehension4--,the consciousness of a scrupulous discharge of their relative duties may1 in some instance1 give birth to presumption1 and leave men to conceive themselves entitled to justification from their own superior merits2 but these sectaries strongly impressed with the imperfection of human nature1 attributing such conceptions to the arrogance of human reason1 regard ,faith as an humble acknowledgement of their incompetence to merit the ,divine ,favor1 they rely solely on the ,mercy of ,god for justification2--hence their preference of faith1 in comparison with their own exertions for this purpose2--by these means1 however1 their minds became enervated1 their reason less vigorous1 they are less inclined to exert it1 and more open to the fervor of enthusiasm1 which may1 not improbably1 inspire an opinion1 that themselves are favored with a ,divine ,communication2 that hypocrites and imposters will take advantage of this disposition is more than probable1 but hypocrites and imposters abound in all persuasions1 even in the ,established ,church1 a good mind may be deceived1 but it is hoped will not be perverted by them2--the absurdity of such doctrines may be offered to their consideration1 convince their reason and they will abjure them1 but1 if this delusion tends only to sweeten their present enjoyments1 and render them confident in future hope1 why should they be grossly reviled for their belief8 8,but 7he proceeds7 should these schismatics form a ,coalition with the sworn enemies of our ,church and constitution1 the pious and merciful ,papists 7as ,lord ,donoughmore calls them7 whose ,priests will give them absolution1 while the imaginations of the fanatic ,enthusiast will justify him1 ,i should be glad to know what would soon be the fate of both ,church and ,king in this great ,empire40 ,here the ,rev'd4 ,author displays his motives for administering to the public1 foreseeing danger from the envenomed shafts of the fanatic1 and from those of the ,papist1 armed with a still more deadly poison1 he compounds an ,antidote that he may counteract their pernicious effects1 he expresses indeed1 the most decided contempt for ,dr4 ,dromgoole's ,prophecy1 though he evidently apprehends its accomplishment1--but ,dr4 ,dromgoole's prophecy is as harmless as himself was uninspired2 the ,protestant ,church may defy external violence1 her danger proceeds from her own internal system1 she cherishes1 within her own bosom1 a principal of decay1 which unless ,correctives be applied1 must terminate in dissolution3 ,the ,clergy of the establishment have been successful in their pursuit1 they have possessed themselves of the objects to which they aspired ,power1 ,wealth and ,consequence3 but in all human affairs1 the completion of our desires is generally succeeded by inactivity1 after a successful termination of our labours1 we sit down to enjoy with ease and tranquility1 the good things of this life1 so it is with the ,clergy of the establishment1 their zeal is grown luke warm1 their exertions are relaxed2 ,in their ,churches1 instead of the animated advocate infusing into his audience the love of ,religion1 with admiration at its excellence1 we too frequently find an indolent drone holding forth to a drowsy congregation3 ,in the conventicle1 on the contrary1 we may be hold the schismatic1 ardent in zeal1 earnest in his exhortations1 vehement1 impetuous1 and enforcing by his impressive manner1 the uninterrupted attention of his auditors3 444 ,se vis me flere dolendum est ,primum ipsi tibi4444 444 ,si dicentis erunt ,fortunis absona dicta ,romani tollent ,equites ,peditesque ,cachinnum4 ,the cause of this essential difference is1 that the ,clergy have already attained the summit of their ambition1 whereas the ,fanatic is still engaged in the pursuit after profit and estimation3--should it be represented that1 with respect to the establishment1 there are gradations in preferment1 and dignities1 with princely endowments1 sufficient to excite emulation even in the most indolent of its members1--we acknowledge that such is the fact1--but how are they distributed8--,are they held out as inducements for exertion1 as the appropriate rewards of diligence and merit8--,by no means3--,they are universally disposed of through the channels of family influence1 or parliamentary interest3--the minister for the time being 7in the name of his sovereign7 has the uncontrouled disposal of ,church dignities1 and it is probable 7it might be said notorious7 that he will rather consult how he may best strengthen his own interest for retaining his situation1 than attend to the characters and qualifications of the applicants3--it is1 by no means1 intended to call in question the methods1 by which the present venerated dignitaries of the ,church arrived at their eminence1 their exemplary conduct proves that they deserve it1 they are beyond dispute1 endowed with piety1 learning1 and conscientiousness in discharge of their sacred functions1 but will their successors in office1 succeed also to their good qualities8 ,the future probable consequences should therefore occupy the attention of the public2--under such circumstances1 the minister may appoint to these dignities1 men totally destitute of the necessary qualifications2 they1 imitating the minister1 may confer their patronage upon their own immediate connexions1 or upon such fawning sycophants only as are best versed in flattery and insinuation2--can a clergy1 thus constituted1 command the respect of the people8 on the contrary1 they will excite contempt rather than reverence3--hence may be discerned the principle of decay in the system1 which1 unless guarded against with the utmost vigilance1 threatens to prove fatal3--the ,roman ,catholics1 swayed by these facts1 and their attendant consequences1 hesitated at the proposal of ,emancipation1 when clogged with the ,veto2--the clergy foresaw1 that in consequence of the ,veto1 they would1 in fact1 become dependant upon the minister for all future promotion2 the laity were alarmed1 lest the priesthood should be corrupted1 whilst they suspected that1 by these means1 the people in general would be demoralized1 ,emancipation therefore1 upon such terms1 they wisely determined to reject1 and they merit the applause of the public for this their virtuous determination4--8,ere long0 7the ,revd4 ,author fervently prays7 8may there be prepared and enforced a stronger test than the articles of religion1 to clear our ,parishes and to save our children from the cruel consequences of ,evangelical ,instruction10 7by which expression he is supposed to mean the errors of fanaticism47 ,would he then1 out of pure good will to the ,protestants1 enlarge their measure of ,faith as already prescribed by law1 and still farther controul their reason8 ,is he aware that the defection of many1 even of the ,protestant clergy1 proceeds from a repugnance to these articles1 and would he encrease the schism8 ,his hostility to the sectaries may be reasonably suspected1 when he recommends a mode1 so evidently1 tending to increase their numbers4 ,the ,catholics are charged by him1 with being sworn enemies to their ,protestant fellow subjects1 he would1 notwithstanding1 imitate the conduct he reviles1 and render the hostility between all parties irreconcilable2--he would1 even arm the dignitaries of his ,church with more extensive powers1 and convert those1 who ought to be models of ,christian charity1 into instruments of unchristian persecution3 but the ,rev4 ,baronet has1 perhaps1 a mitre in contemplation1 and is anxious1 ere he wields the crozier1 that the office may be invested with more ample means of exalting the ,protestant ,ascendancy1 at the expense of all who differ from its doctrines2 ,it is to be hoped1 however1 that1 should he arrive at this proud eminence1 he will exercise its present powers1 unaided by additional ones1 with temperance and discretion4 ,the ,public then will cease to wonder that the ,revd4 ,author should so strongly object to a right honourable gentleman's declaration1 in answer to a ,catholic ,address1 viz3 that he is at a loss to account for the reasons that operate1 to prevent the ,catholics from being 8unrestrictedly emancipated10 since this declaration militates against the ,protestant ,ascendancy2--with due submission1 however1 to the learned ,author's accumulated ,experience 78having1 from the earliest period of his academic course1 been in the habit of devoting a considerable part of his time in the acquirement of knowledge1 and of informing his mind upon matters connected with the ,history1 ,politics1 and ,religions of his country4 ,having been accustomed1 likewise1 to pass such time in the society of the most eminent and able ,writers1 ,politicians1 and ,statesmen1 of ancient and modern days407 ,we cannot but accord with the above stated declaration of the ,right ,honorable ,gentleman1 as equally just and liberal2--if the co-operation of the ,catholics1 as fellow subjects1 be expected1 why should they be debarred from the privileges of the subjects8--,if their attachment to the ,constitution be a desirable object1 why not attract them by the united motives of interest and affection8--,but how can they be interested in1 how can they affect a ,constitution1 which excludes them1 in particular1 from its benefits and confidence8--,notwithstanding1 however1 that we acknowledge the justice and liberality of this declaration1 we must beg leave to express our dissent from the same ,right ,honorable ,gentleman1 when 7according to the ,report of a recent debate7 he pretends to define the term ,liberty1 by ,potestas faciundi quicquid per leges liceat2--the power of doing whatever may be permitted by the laws1 points out1 only1 that peculiar portion of liberty allowed by each respective ,government1 to its appropriate subjects1 but can never be substituted for the general term itself4--,in the ,eastern regions1 where the ,prince is despotic1 where the will of the ,sovereign is the law of the state1 the liberty of the subject will be bounded by the ,will of a ,tyrant2 under such circumstances the people are mere slaves2--hence1 the ,right ,honorable ,gentleman's definition is equally applicable to ,slavery1 as to ,liberty1--it may1 however1 be looked upon as the definition of a lawyer1 and as lawyers1 in general1 accommodate their pleadings to the taste and interest of their clients1 it may be presumed1 that the ,right ,honorable ,gentleman adopted his definition to the interest1 and peculiar taste of his employer3--in the course of his harangue on the same occasion1 the ,right ,honorable ,gentleman is reported to assert1 7if we understand the report aright17 that the great body of the people has no right to enter into discussions concerning civil polity1 or the immediate measures of ,government1 an assertion that does but little credit to his head1 or his heart4--,it may incline the people1 however1 to examine into the ,right ,honorable ,gentleman's own claim to this important privilege2--it may also be asked1 who are interested in the measures adopted by administration8--,is it the public at large8 or is it the ministry8 ,the ministers are1 indeed1 a part of the people1 but a failure in vigilance1 with respect to their own immediate interests1 will never be attributed to them2 the security1 the property1 the liberty of the people1 are at stake1 and it behoves them to be equally attentive to their concerns3--to whom are ministers responsible8--to the representatives of the ,nation3--who are the constituents of this representative body8--the people3--in order then to estimate the merits of a candidate1 the people should become competent judges of the excellence of their own ,constitution1 and of the qualifications necessary1 in a representative1 to watch over and to maintain its inviolability2--a close inspection therefore1 into the ,system of ,government1 and into the conduct pursued by their own representatives1 is a duty they owe themselves1--their fellow-subjects1 and their posterity2--the upright senator will also invite this serenity1 whereas the corrupt fool of a crafty minister will endeavour to evade enquiry1 as in the event of detection1 he contemplates his own disgrace4 ,neither does the ,revd4 ,author spare the ,radical ,reformers1 8,who 7he says7 under the pretence of ,petition1 have alone in view the ascertainment of strength1 for the purposes of desolation40----that immense multitudes assembling from all quarters1 with the intent of framing ,petitions for a reform in their representation1 is alarming to the peaceable phlegmatic subject1 cannot be doubted1 but it is no less certain that in general1 they conducted themselves on these occasions1 with the utmost tranquillity and discretion3--if 7as he maintains7 ,government were armed with sufficient powers to suppress the meetings1 why were they not resorted to in the first instance8 why connive at such scenes1 even in the ,metropolis1 where they must undoubtedly be the most formidable1 and thus impress upon the people an idea of their legality8--,why encourage a frequent repetition of them1 and thus give occasion for the fatal occurrences at ,manchester8--,if it be true that prevention is better than a cure1 were not the ,ministers remiss in not instantly exerting their powers8 and that they had these powers1 we have the ,revd4 ,baronets own authority4--,why1 then1 resort to new measures1 when the existing laws were sufficient for the immediate occasion8--,a free ,press is generally looked upon as the surest bulwark against the encroachments of power2 to it also1 we are indebted for the various improvements in ,arts1 in ,sciences1 and even in virtue and religion1 when considered as ,sciences2--the unrestrained privilege of questioning every proposition1 and discussing every subject1 greatly contributes to the investigation of truth2 should the liberty of the ,press1 degenerate into licentiousness1 a legal remedy has1 long since been provided2--should it encourage tumultuous meetings1 as the former laws 7according to ,sir ,harcourt ,lees7 were of sufficient force to suppress such assemblies1 a farther restraint was unnecessary1 and uncalled for2--should it disseminate ,blasphemy through the nation1 the good sense of the people will soon reject and condemn it1 as is evident from the several verdicts returned against the publications of such a nature2--does then1 the ,baronet indulge in irony1 when he extols the conduct of administration8 on the contrary1 we rather suspect that1 misled by his own voracious appetite for praise1 in too liberally dispensing it to others1 he has unguardedly conveyed censure1 where he meant but to commend4 ,the liberty of the ,press1 is without doubt1 liable to abuse1 so is every privilege we enjoy1 as men or as subjects1 but1 if it be once admitted that the abuse of any privilege by a few individuals1 is a sufficient reason for withdrawing it from the ,public at large1 all their privileges as free men will be successively forfeited3--,if1 indeed1 ,government had not been possessed of sufficient means for remedying the apparent disorders1 they had had a decent apology for resorting to new measures1 and restrictive expedients2 but1 when the ,revd4 ,author acknowledges the competence of the powers vested in ,ministers1 originally to suppress such assemblies1 he according to our apprehension1 7though perhaps1 not designedly17 censures their conduct in neglecting to do so4 ,that seats in the ,house of ,commons1 are to be purchased1 is as notorious as the sun at noon day1 according to a noble member of the present ,administration1 who is reported1 in the public papers1 to have made use of this expression1 on being convicted of bartering or attempting to barter a seat in that house1 for a ,writership in the ,east ,india ,service3--it is no less confidently affirmed1 that1 in many instances1 ,boroughs 7intended to return representatives of the commercial part of the ,empire7 are become the properties of private individuals1 who either appoint their own ,members 7with this particular proviso1 that they shall vacate their seats1 unless they vote agreeably to the will of the individual appointing them7 or without hesitation sell them to the best bidder3--it even1 sometimes happens1 that the ,aristocracy of a county 7by which ,i mean the proprietors of great landed estates7 consult together1 how many votes each of them can command 7for they conclude that every tenant must vote according to the direction of his landlord7 and proceed to put in nomination such candidates1 as may have secured the weightiest interest with themselves1 who are generally successful2 whether are they then1 the representatives of the people1 or of a few individuals constituting this ,aristocracy8--,are these practices consistent with the ,constitution8 or rather is not its very principle violated by them8--in consequence of these abuses1 it may reasonably be conjectured1 that the representative body will become corrupt2--that their own immediate interests will outweigh all consideration for the public2 and that they will utterly disregard the rights and privileges of the people1 to protect which1 however1 they were originally instituted3--are the people culpable if aroused by such grievances8 they petition for a ,reform in the ,commons ,house1 well aware that the long duration of ,parliaments1 not only gives birth to1 but accelerates the progress of corruption2 if they aim at an annual1 rather than a septennial parliament1 concluding that1 by how much the shorter the period of their parliamentary existence may be1 the ,administration will become by so much the less able and less willing to corrupt the members1 and that even should any individuals of the representative body betray their trust1 the period will soon arrive1 in which they may elect more worthy representatives8--,it has been asserted that this is contrary to the nature of our boasted constitution2 but1 if the system be imperfect in this one particular1 why not amend so material a defect8--,or is the constitution immutable but for the benefit of the ,aristocracy1 whilst every change is inadmissible1 that will protect the people at large in the due enjoyment of their rights and privileges8--,is the change from a ,triennial1 to a ,septennial ,parliament 7brought about by the representative body1 in direct violation of their constituents' rights27 is this change1 it may be asked1 less hazardous than one which purposes only to guard against the corruption1 and to correct those abuses which have almost imperceptibly crept into the representation8--,as the existence of corruption in the representative is too probable1 so is its prevalence in the constituent body too notorious3--election by ballot1 it has been supposed1 will provide a remedy against this evil2--it will remain unknown to the candidates for whom the voters may poll1 the application of bribery therefore will be ineffectual1 as1 notwithstanding his acceptance of a bribe1 the voter may still poll1 according to his inclination or his conscience1 without the fear of a discovery4 ,in regard to the universal suffrage1 it must be acknowledged that every individual1 in the state1 has an interest in the proper administration of its affairs1 and that ,government will1 sometimes1 need the support1 even of its meanest subjects2 if1 therefore1 they are interested in1 and contribute to the support of ,government1 they are entitled to a participation in its privileges2--the privilege they claim is the ,elective ,franchise1 and as the lower house is called the ,commons ,house of ,parliament1 why should not the members1 instead of representing property1 be in fact the representatives of the ,people8--,at the same time such material changes adopted on a sudden1 might produce tumult and disorder1 they might occasion convulsions1 attended with far more dreadful effects1 than the evils they purpose to remedy2--but when a minister acknowledges corruption in his own conduct2--when the sale of ,boroughs is notoriously practised2--when1 in some instances1 the representatives of a ,county are returned by the influence alone of a few powerful individuals2--when the late convictions1 in the ,house of ,commons1 for bribery1 prove that it is frequently1 if not generally practised by the candidates for seats in that house1 and that it has a pernicious influence upon the constituent body2--it cannot be disputed1 but that some remedy ought instantly to be applied1 in order to eradicate1 or at least to check the wide spreading infection4 ,lord ,grey1 ,lord ,grenville1 the ,whig party1 even the members of the opposition are collectively abused by this ,author2 ,lord ,grey and ,lord ,grenville1 however1 together with many other individuals whom he severely censures1 are men of acknowledged talents and information1 as is evident from their general conduct1 and the speeches they have delivered in various ,parliamentary debates2 but they differ in opinion from his ,reverence1 if however1 every man1 who thinks differently from the learned ,author1 be a profligate or a blockhead1 we suspect that1 besides himself1 he will scarcely find a wise or a virtuous individual throughout the great ,empire4 ,he again resumes his attacks upon the ,catholics1 we shall1 however1 in the first instance1 notice three questions1 one particle of which he so confidently defies them to refute3 #ast4 8,does not a ,papist kneel down before1 pray and bow to images1 pictures1 and pieces of old wood representing our ,blessed ,saviour1 the ,virgin ,mary1 and many ,saints1 and does he not do this for the purpose either of paying adoration to these identical pieces of wood1 old sheets of oil cloth1 with faces smeared on them1 almost as hideous as most of those you will see at the ,catholic ,board1 on reading one of ,robert ,peele's ,anti-catholic speeches1 or to their likenesses80--,in answer to this question we beg leave to refer to the catechisms of the catholics1 in which occur the following questions and answers3--,is it lawful to adore the blessed ,virgin or the saints8--,no3 for by adoration is here meant the honor due to ,god alone4--,do the commandments forbid us to honor the ,saints8--,no3 for the honor we give them is different from that which we pay to ,god1 we honor the ,saints as friends and faithful servants to ,god4--,if it is forbid in ,catholics to worship the ,saints1 can it be supposed that they will pay adoration to their image1 pictures or representations8--,or1 is it consistent with probability that the same ,church will direct them1 in their riper years1 to practise1 what it has taught them when pupils1 to reject and avoid8--,the council of ,trent has1 without doubt1 declared1 that due honor and respect be given to images of ,christ1 the ,virgin ,mary1 and the other ,saints2--and who can deny that that degree of honor and respect1 to which they are entitled1 should be paid these1 or any other representations8--,it is natural to be affected at the ,representation of a dear departed friend and benefactor2 the ,catholics look upon them as their best of benefactors1 they therefore pay them a due degree of honor and respect1 should they1 however1 exceed this degree1 they are not only culpable1 but obnoxious likewise1 to the censures of their own ,church3--the ,protestants themselves regard ,king ,william ,,iii4 as their benefactor1 of course they honor and drink to his memory1 some even have been so far inflamed with enthusiasm1 as to drink to his glorious and immortal memory on their bare knees1 are not these ,protestants equally idolatrous with the ,catholics8 ,secondly1 8,he wishes to know whether a ,papist does not pray to ,saints and ,angels1 and invoke their intercession1 thereby making ,gods1 not only of ,angels1 but even of dead men1 although expressly informed1 by ,god himself1 that there is but one mediator with the ,father1 not only of redemption but of intercession also1 which is our blessed ,saviour1 and in doing so is he not guilty of idolatry80 ,that the ,roman ,catholics intreat of ,saints and ,angels to forward petitions in their behalf1 for obtaining the divine mercy1 is acknowledged1 but that1 in doing so1 they mean to worship them as ,gods1 or to incur the guilt of idolatry1 is as confidently denied3--they dread through an humble confidence of their own demerits1 to offer from themselves an immediate address to the ,deity3--and as ,christ himself has given an example of praying for others1 even his persecutors1 in those memorable words1 8,pardon them ,o ,lord1 for they know not what they do20 so the ,catholics may probably imagine that the ,saints and ,angels whom they address1 will petition in their behalf1 and as they are pure in comparison with themselves1 these petitions will have greater effect1 than the immediate addresses of a polluted sinner--we think also1 that the answer to the first1 is a sufficient answer to this question4 ,thirdly1 8,he is induced to enquire whether a ,papist does not pay divine adoration to a mixture of flour and water1 made up by the hands of an illiterate and possibly profligate priest1 contrary to the figurative sense and meaning of the ,holy ,scripture1 and in direct opposition to reason and common understanding8 does he not believe that a ,popish ,priest has the power of making a ,god8 and does he not bow down and worship this worse than golden image80--,it may be asked the ,revd4 ,baronet if he ever enquired before administering the holy ,communion to his own flock1 whether the bread provided for the purpose1 were made by pure and undefiled hands1 whether the wine were genuine1 or brewed by some rascally vintner2--and is not the term profligate1 equally applicable to a minister of the establishment1 as to a ,popish ,priest1 particularly1 if the minister devotes much of his time to the joys of the chase1 and 7we may naturally suppose7 its consequent festivity2 whilst the ,priest is laboriously and almost constantly employed in the conscientious discharge of his sacred functions8 as to the adoration paid to the ,host1 the ,catholic believes that the ,body and ,blood of ,christ 7acknowledged to partake of the ,godhead7 are actually present1 and can he justly be called idolatrous for paying adoration to the presence of ,divinity8--the learned gentleman may also be requested to explain what he means to impress upon the mind of a ,catechumen1 by the following words3 8the ,body and ,blood of ,christ are verily and indeed taken and received by the faithful in the ,lord's ,supper40--,let it be understood1 that we by no means1 recommend these doctrines1 they may possibly give occasion of offence to such tender consciences as the ,baronet possesses1 they are matters of belief1 and therefore left to every man's own determination2--since1 however1 some particles of his questions have been absolutely and with truth denied1 whilst others have been so far answered1 we hope1 as to exculpate the ,catholics from all criminality either in act or intention1 we may conclude1 that should a ,cardinal's hat be now engaged to the ,revd4 ,baronet1 he will perhaps1 not only be almost1 but altogether inclined to renounce his own faith1 and turn ,papist4 ,in treating of the monstrous doctrines ascribed by ,sir ,harcourt ,lees to the ,catholics1 we may premise that their own general conduct sufficiently refutes his accusation3--his strong assertions however1 may seem to demand some farther enquiry4 ,the #dth ,lateran council was held in the year #abae1 at which were present1 most of the christian sovereigns2--this council therefore may be properly termed a general congress of the temporal1 as well as spiritual ,powers of ,christendom2 they assembled for the purpose of suppressing the heresy of the ,manchans1 or ,albigenses1 whose doctrines were 7according to ,mosheim7 not only subversive of morality1 decency1 and good order1 but even destructive to the human species1--it was supported by the ,counts of ,thoulouse1 ,cominges1 ,foix1 and aided by numerous bodies of banditti1 hired for this purpose4--,the heresy was condemned by the spiritual authority of the church2 and the ,fiefs of the princes encouraging it1 were declared forfeitures to their liege lords1 by the authority of the sovereigns1 there assembled3--the censures of this council or rather congress were never promulgated1 and scarcely known in this island1 but were directed 7we believe1 solely7 against the ,manchans or ,albigenses1 and the princes above mentioned1 who encouraged and protected the votaries of this pernicious heresy4 ,the council of ,constance1 held in the year #adad1 expressly declares that it is heretical to affirm it lawful for a subject to kill his prince1 on any pretence whatsoever1 session #ae4 ,one solitary instance of the contrary doctrine being maintained1 occurs in ,mariana1 whose book was condemned1 and publicly burnt by a provincial council of her own order2 this ,mariana was a ,spaniard1 born at ,talavera1 in the year #aecg1 who became a ,religious in the year #aeed2--;he was also condemned by the parliament of ,paris1 and by the doctors of ,sorbonne1 and his book burnt by the hands of the common hangman4 ,the council of ,trent assembled in the year #aede1 and continued to the year #aefc1 declares1 that to violate the least point of public faith given to heretics1 is a crime punishable by the laws of ,god and ,man2 session1 #ae and #ah4 ,the doctrine then of the ,catholics teaches them that no power on earth can absolve them from allegiance to their sovereigns and civil magistrates1 and obliges them to keep faith with all men3--when therefore1 the ,revd4 ,author asserts1 that according to the #dth ,lateran council1 oaths taken contrary to the interest of the ,popish church are not to be called oaths1 but perjuries1 and that it is still in force1 we must question the accuracy of his information1 in regard to its being a received doctrine among the catholics2--the council of ,constance1 and subsequently the council of ,trent decreed the very reverse1 and the doctrine of the last general council must now be like the prevailing one3--the oaths taken by the priests and ,bishops regard only spirituals1 that part which refers to the ,rights1 ,honors1 ,state and ,power of the ,pope is confined 7as the ,catholics assert7 to such as live under the ,pope's temporal jurisdiction1 or the jurisdiction of a ,catholic ,sovereign2--,our own sovereigns are bound 7the author proceeds7 by the coronation oath 8to the utmost of their power to maintain the true profession of the gospel10 but by gospel1 we are enjoined to do unto all men as we would they should do unto us2 persecution therefore1 in the slightest degree1 is a departure from this precept1--8and the ,protestant reformed religion as established by the laws0--whether will the ,protestant ,religion be better maintained by an observance of1 or a deviation from1 the doctrine contained in the ,gospel8 8to preserve the ,bishops and ,clergy of this ,realm1 and to the churches committed to their charge1 all such rights and privileges as by law1 do or shall appertain to them1 or any of them10 ,catholic ,emancipation will not encroach upon these rights and privileges1 it will only procure an equal participation of civil rights and privileges for the ,catholics1 which in compliance with the ,gospel1 the ,protestants are bound to grant1 as they in a like situation1 would wish to obtain the same privileges for themselves4 ,as ,sir ,harcourt ,lees is so very liberal in his application of censure upon individuals1 upon ,parties1 upon ,sects1 who may differ from himself in opinion1 with respect to the three natural points which concern human ,life1 ,religion1 ,morals and ,politics1 we presume that he bears in mind and accords with the assertion of ,demosthenes1#a 8that all men are1 by nature1 prone to delight in detraction and invective10 but that1 through the multiplicity of his studious pursuits1 the remainder of the sentence1 in which this assertion is contained1 has entirely escaped his recollection1 8but to be disgusted with those who praise themselves10 as he is no less liberal in self ,commendation2--,the ,athenian ,orator indeed recounts to his ,audience the services he had rendered the ,state1 during his ,administration1 but handsomely1 apologizes for this conduct1 by premissing that he was obliged to pursue this method1 in order to refute the ,calumnies of his ,adversary1 and that therefore the odium1 naturally attendant upon self ,praise1 ought to rest upon the ,individual1 who had compelled him to bring forward such a ,relation3 ,sir ,harcourt ,lees1 however had no adversary to contend with2 no one disputed his merits2 of course he had no ,calumnies to refute2 we must conclude therefore1 that he expects some material ,reward for his present and former ,exertions1 and therefore points out his peculiar claims lest they should remain unknown and extinguished2 his success we wish not to prevent2 our aim is to guard the ,public 7since men are naturally inclined to delight in censure7 from imbibing prejudice through the agreeable medium of invective4 #a 1 ' 4 ,to give advice1 without giving offence1 is a serious difficulty2--it has been pertinently observed1 that to give advice is to seize an occasion of displaying our own wisdom1 at the expence of others1 and however readily a superiority in all other respects1 may be admitted1 the assumption of superior sense and understanding is universally offensive2 the learned ,baronet has made a pompous display of his diligence1 his research1 his consequent information1 and urges his claim to attention1 from the mortifying circumstance of our inferiority in understanding1 when compared with his own3--making no pretensions to superiority of intellect1 claiming only the free exercise of reason and common sense1 and suspecting that some ingredients in the ,rev4 ,baronet's prescription 7should it be adopted7 might prove injurious to the general system2 ,we are anxious to preserve the constitution sound and vigorous1 and being members of the public1 we look upon ourselves as included in the number of patients1 we shall therefore take the liberty1 without further ceremony1 of examining 7as far as we can understand it7 into the composition of his ,antidote4 ,the ,revd4 ,author thus expresses himself3 8to the superintending care of an energetic1 firm1 and most popular administration1 ,i with confident security resign the civil and constitutional difference of my country2 the established government in state1 may in such hands be saved from destruction20 we must beg leave in this particular1 to dissent from his prescription 7of which we deem this an ingredient1 since he recommends it by the authority of his own example7 as1 however energetic1 firm1 popular1 and even strenuously devoted to public liberty the present ministers may be1 they are but men1 of course liable to error and assailable by the temptations of power and interest we would1 on the contrary1 recommend a jealous vigilance with respect to every measure of every administration2--the immediate interests of a minister may be distinct from those of the people1 he may therefore1 in some instances be induced to sacrifice all considerations for the public good1 to the prevailing motives of avarice and ambition3--and here we will repeat our dissent from a ,right ,honorable ,gentleman1 should he have asserted 7which however1 we gather only from a ,news-paper report7 that the people have no right to enter into discussions concerning civil ,polity in general1 or the immediate measures of government2 his legal experience we presume1 will inform him that a ,trustee is accountable for the proper management of his trust2--both the executive and legislative bodies are trustees of the people1 to whom they are responsible1 for the due discharge of the sacred trust reposed in them2 the more they enquire into the effects resulting from the measures of every administration1 the more competent will they become in appreciating the merits of their respective trustees1 and the more clearly will they discern the propriety of conferring upon1 or withholding from them their farther confidence4 ,he considers 8unrestricted ,emancipation to be impossible1 so long as the ,constitution in ,church and ,state shall be ,protestant0 and asserts 8that the necessity of excluding ,papists from ,parliament1 and from the great offices of ,state1 is imperious1 in order to preserve both from destruction40 ,neither can we subscribe to this opinion of the ,revd4 ,author2--,we have endeavored to prove 7and hope with success7 that the ,authorities he quotes are unfounded1 or obsolete and at present of no force3--an equal ,participation in the same rights and privilege produces union and harmony1 even among those who1 from the circumstance of receiving different educations1 may have imbibed different religious tenets2 whilst a partial preference1 and distinct privileges annexed to the profession of a particular faith1 encourage the growth of jealousy and discussion3--,divide and impera is the boasted maxim of a crooked policy2--a well constituted ,government consults for1 and endeavours to promote the common welfare of all its subjects3--what have been the measures of policy pursued with regard to ,ireland8 ,the bulk of its population is ,catholic1 and has during a century groaned under the arbitrary sway of a ,protestant ,government1 partial to professors of its own faith1 and arming them with distinct privileges2--the ,catholics have been subject to an ,oligarchy1 composed of their declared opponents2--they have been debarred from acquiring real property2--their ,estates have been liable to confiscation1 for refusing to swear contrary to their consciences2--they have been restricted in the free exercise of their religion1 and from educating their children in that faith which they esteemed the true one2--can it be expected1 that these circumstances should attach them to the constitution8 they acknowledge its excellence1 and that its subjects enjoy a greater portion of liberty1 than the subjects of any other state in ,europe2--they look upon themselves1 however1 not as its subjects1 but its slaves3--instead of interminable hostility against the ,catholics1 we would earnestly recommend conciliation2--let them be once admitted to all the privileges of subjects1 they will 7we dare affirm7 become equally zealous in their attachment to the ,constitution1 as the ,protestant himself4--,in maintaining the contrary opinion1 we regret that the ,revd4 ,sir ,harcourt ,lees1 should forget his character as a gentleman and a scholar1 for1 however he may vent his spleen in gross and vulgar abuse1 a sinner against good-breeding1 and the laws of decency will no more be esteemed a good author1 than will a sinner against grammar1 good argument1 or good sense4 ,he is scarcely less abusive in his animadversions upon the ,fanatics or ,evangelical1 and if they1 in reality1 maintain such tenets as he attributes to them1 we must acknowledge that they are objectionable2 they tend to diminish the general benevolence of mankind1 and to render them regardless of moral rectitude2 but persecution is still more dangerous1 and in proposing a strong test1 in addition to the ,thirty-nine ,articles he seems actuated1 in some measure1 by a spirit of persecution2 even ,bishop ,burnet 7whose orthodox we presume will not be disputed7 confesses that the requiring subscription to the ,thirty nine ,articles1 is a great imposition3--and1 would you1 ,revs4 ,sir1 impose a more grievous test of orthodoxy8--be assured1 that the strength of your test1 and its embracing a multitude of objects will not tend to confirm your establishment3--it may and probably will flourish1 in power and wealth1 with the government of which it forms a part1 but the superior excellence of the doctrines you profess1 your own exemplary deportment in private life1 together with a zealous exertion in the discharge of your sacred functions1 will also render its influence extensive1 or its duration permanent3--here we would recommend 7but with the utmost deference and humility7 the co-operation of ,government1--were the gradations in preferment allotted to gradations in merit1--were the dignities of the ,church1 exclusively1 appropriated to eminence in virtue1 piety1 learning1 the clergy in early life would be stimulated to exertion for the attainment of these good qualities1 their exertions would1 in general1 be crowned with success1 and thus1 at a more advanced period1 they would become illustrious ornaments to their profession2 whilst the people instructed by the impressive exhortations1 and influenced by the upright conduct of their clergy1 would be far more inclined to the practise of morality and good-order4 ,in regard to the radical reformers1 their views may possibly be directed to tumult and anarchy1 but the ostensible object of their contemplation do not appear to us visionary and impracticable1 such material changes1 however1 admitted at once into the system1 might be attended with danger and convulsion1 we wilt by no means venture to deny that it might be so1 yet ,burnet 7zealously devoted to ,government in his time7 recommends the annual ,election of ,representatives as an effectual expedient to stem the progress of corruption1 which had1 even then1 made great inroads among all ranks of people3 ,election by ballot would defeat all the purposes which1 at present1 induce many of the candidates to resort to bribery2 whilst universal suffrage would disable them from tampering with all the voters3--corruption has moreover in some instances1 and at some periods1 insinuated itself into the representative body2--the expediency of reform1 therefore1 can be no longer doubtful2--and that reform is necessary1 the most eminent characters in our ,empire have1 long since1 acknowledged1 they have likewise on several occasions attempted to introduce it2--whilst ,foreigners contemplating the excellence of the ,british ,constitution1 and enumerating the beneficial consequences1 resulting to the several ,nations of ,europe1 from the example of a free and independent ,state1 flourishing among themselves1 have deeply lamented the existence of a vice in the system1 which must gradually undermine it2--,o ,honte 7says ,raynal7 l',homme riche achete les suffrages de ses ,commettans1 pour obtenir l',honneur de les representer2 la ,cour achete les suffrages des ,representans gouverner plus despotiquement2 une ,nation sage ne travailleroit elle pas a prevenir l'une l'autre corruption8 ,n'est il pas etonnant que cela ne se soit pas fait1 le jour qu'un ,representant eut l'impudence de faire attendre ses ,commettans dans son ,antichambre1 de leur dire ensuite1 je ne sais ce que vous voulez1 mais je n'en ferai qu'a ma tete2 je vous ai achets fort cher1 j'ai bien resolu de vous vendre le plus cher que je pourrai3--we here confidently recommend a radical reform in ourselves1 for the purpose of insuring to the body politic a sound and perfect recovery--,let every member of the state correct his own vices--and the voters should not only correct themselves2 but it is their duty to examine into the qualifications which can entitle a candidate to their approbation2--is he frugal in his expences without meanness8--is he liberal1 without profusion or ostentation8--is his private life marked by no destructive vice8--they may safely conclude that such a representative1 unassailable by corruption1 will discharge his trust with fidelity4 ,in consequence of the demise of our late and regretted ,monarch1 the period is at hand when the people will have a legal opportunity of freely and openly expressing their sentiments1 in regard to the measures lately adopted by ,administration2--if1 in their opinion1 the good and loyal subject is farther protected1 by these means1 in the unmolested enjoyment of his rights and privileges2--if the cottage of the meanest peasant still remains his castle1 from which he may legally repel all violent intrusion2--if the ,press restrained only in its licentiousness1 is confirmed in the full exercise of its liberty 7the great ,bulwark of the ,british ,constitution7--then will their former members1 who supported such enactments1 be returned to ,parliament1 as deserving objects of their preference3--but should they think that encroachments on civil liberty are substituted as safeguards to the ,constitution2--that the habitation of every ,british subject is exposed1 even1 to nightly visitations1 at the capricious will of a ,magistrate2--that the liberty of the ,press is essentially violated1 under a specious pretext of correcting its abuses1 and preventing the dissemination of blasphemous and seditious libes2--the people will be aroused to a consideration of the danger impending over themselves1 and therefore be cautious in their choice of ,representatives2--in either case1 however1 we finally recommend inviolable abstinence from corruption3--,let no views of present emolument1 no promises of further patronage1--let neither threats1 nor intreaties prevail on you to depart from the conscientious discharge of your duty as voters3--the corruption of the constituent1 will serve as an apology for the corruption of the ,representative body3--exhibit in yourselves a generous example of reform3--your ,representatives1 chosen for the good qualities you have discerned in them1 will copy the example and thus will the pernicious disorder1 preying upon your very vitals1 be in some measure checked1 if not entirely eradicated from your constitution4 ,we have thus far obtruded upon the ,public1 in consequence of our objections to the ,antidote of ,sir ,harcourt ,lees1 and conclude with an anxious wish that1 whatever application may be adopted by them1 it may most conduce to the advancement of civil and religious liberty1 and may best contribute to the present and future welfare of the people4 ,,philodemus4 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,the ,greek passage on the title page would be better rendered3 1 4 ,and the ,greek passage in the footnote3 1 ' 4 ,a list of changes made to the text3 ,page #c1 8oppulence0 changed to 8opulence0 7from opulence and prosperity7 ,page #c1 8coersive0 changed to 8coercive0 7adopt coercive measures7 ,page #e1 8vigilence0 changed to 8vigilance0 7the vigilance of ,ministers7 ,page #f1 8tenents0 changed to 8tenets0 7whenever the particular tenets7 ,page #i1 8witnesess0 changed to 8witnesses0 7men1 many of them eye witnesses7 ,page #aa1 8tenents0 changed to 8tenets0 7one of the tenets of the new sect7 ,page #aa1 8tenent0 changed to 8tenet0 7according to this tenet7 ,page #ab1 8inaplicable0 changed to 8inapplicable0 7may1 perhaps1 be not inapplicable7 ,page #ae1 8adminstering0 changed to 8administering0 7his motives for administering7 ,page #ag1 8conscientousness0 changed to 8conscientiousness0 7and conscientiousness in discharge7 ,page #ai1 8irreconciliable0 changed to 8irreconcilable0 7all parties irreconcilable7 ,page #ba1 8quiequid0 changed to 8quicquid0 7,potestas faciundi quicquid per leges liceat7 ,page #ba1 8undersand0 changed to 8understand0 7if we understand the report aright7 ,page #bb1 8serinity0 changed to 8serenity0 7will also invite this serenity7 ,page #bc1 8themelves0 changed to 8themselves0 7they conducted themselves on these occasions7 ,page #be1 8appology0 changed to 8apology0 7they had had a decent apology7 ,page #bf1 8greivances0 changed to 8grievances0 7if aroused by such grievances7 ,page #bf1 8accellerates0 changed to 8accelerates0 7accelerates the progress of corruption7 ,page #bf1 8septenial0 changed to 8septennial0 7a septennial parliament7 ,page #cj1 duplicated word 8the0 removed 7,do the commandments7 ,page #cj1 8probality0 changed to 8probability0 7is it consistent with probability7 ,page #ca1 8maing0 changed to 8making0 7thereby making ,gods1 not only of ,angels7 ,page #cb1 8poluted0 changed to 8polluted0 7of a polluted sinner7 ,page #cb1 8anwer0 changed to 8answer0 7is a sufficient answer to this question7 ,page #cb1 8appliable0 changed to 8applicable0 7equally applicable to a minister7 ,page #cc1 8,catolics0 changed to 8,catholics0 7ascribed by ,sir ,harcourt ,lees to the ,catholics7 ,page #cd1 8,albigensis0 changed to 8,albigenses0 7against the ,manchans or ,albigenses7 ,page #ce1 8,marianna0 changed to 8,mariana0 7,mariana1 whose book was condemned7 ,page #ce1 8teach-them0 changed to 8teaches them0 7,the doctrine then of the ,catholics teaches them7 ,page #ce1 8geueral0 changed to 8general0 7the doctrine of the last general council7 ,page #cf1 8confinad0 changed to 8confined0 7,power of the ,pope is confined7 ,page #cg1 8apoligizes0 changed to 8apologizes0 7apologizes for this conduct7 ,page #ch1 8univerrsally0 changed to 8universally0 7is universally offensive7 ,page #dj1 8unrestrcited0 changed to 8unrestricted0 7unrestricted ,emancipation to be impossible7 ,page #dj1 8,paticipation0 changed to 8,participation0 7equal ,participation in the same rights7 ,page #da1 8jealously0 changed to 8jealousy0 7the growth of jealousy and discussion7 ,page #da1 8disscussion0 changed to 8discussion0 7the growth of jealousy and discussion7 ,page #da1 8priveleges0 changed to 8privileges0 7arming them with distinct privileges7 ,page #db1 8benovelence0 changed to 8benevolence0 7the general benevolence of mankind7 ,page #dc1 8extentive0 changed to 8extensive0 7render its influence extensive7 ,page #dc1 8upwright0 changed to 8upright0 7the upright conduct of their clergy7 ,page #dc1 8impractible0 changed to 8impracticable0 7visionary and impracticable7 ,page #de1 8bein0 changed to 8bien0 7j'ai bien resolu2 the ,french text left otherwise uncorrected7 ,page #dg1 8obtrurded0 changed to 8obtruded0 7,we have thus far obtruded upon the ,public7 ,page #dg1 8,harcout0 changed to 8,harcourt0 7the ,antidote of ,sir ,harcourt ,lees7