,,r\nd ,,! ,,ye> ,,) ,,! ,,/>s ,,! ,,*ief ,,beauties ,,( ,,! ,,/>ry ,,heav5s ,,z ,,se5 ,,) ,,! ,,nak$ ,,eye ,,by ,,g>rett ,p4 ,,s]viss ,,au?or ,,( 8,,a/ronomy ,,) ,,! ,,nak$ ,,eye0 8,,curiosities ,,( ,,! ,,sky0 ,,etc4 ,,) ,,maps ,,%[+ ,,! ,,aspect ,,( ,,! ,,sky ,,9 ,,ea* ,,( ,,! ,,f\r ,,seasons ,,& ,,*>ts ,,reveal+ ,,! ,,outl9es ,,( ,,! ,,con/ellations ,,& ,,! ,,designations ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,/>s ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs ,,publi%]s ,,mcmx ,copyright1 #aiaj1 by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs ,publi%$ ,septemb]1 #aiaj4 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,page ,,preface #g ,,introduction #i ,i4 ,,! ,,ev5+ ,,sky ,,at ,,! ,,v]nal ,,equ9ox #ba ,,ii4 ,,! ,,ev5+ ,,sky ,,at ,,! ,,summ] ,,sol/ice #ej ,,iii4 ,,! ,,ev5+ ,,sky ,,at ,,! ,,autumnal ,,equ9ox #ga ,,iv4 ,,! ,,ev5+ ,,sky ,,at ,,! ,,w9t] ,,sol/ice #ic ,v4 ,,! ,,planets #aah ,,app5dix #abi ,,pronunciation ,,( ,,/> ,,& ,,con/ellation ,,names #ada ,,index #adc ,,li/ ,,( ,,*>ts ,,page ,,*>t ,i4 ,,! ,,v]nal ,,ev5+ ,,sky #bc ,,*>t ,,ii4 ,,! ,,summ] ,,ev5+ ,,sky #ea ,,*>t ,,iii4 ,,! ,,autumn ,,ev5+ ,,sky #gc ,,*>t ,,iv4 ,,! ,,w9t] ,,ev5+ ,,sky #ie ,,*>t ,v4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,six ,,h\rs ,,f ,,! ,,v]nal ,,equ9ox #acd ,,*>t ,,vi4 ,,f ,,vi ,h4 ,,to ,,xii ,h4 ,,f ,,! ,,v]nal ,,equ9ox #ace ,,*>t ,,vii4 ,,f ,,xii ,h4 ,,to ,,xviii ,h4 ,,f ,,! ,,v]nal ,,equ9ox #acf ,,*>t ,,viii4 ,,f ,,xviii ,h4 ,,to ,,xxiv ,h4 ,,f ,,! ,,v]nal ,,equ9ox #acg ,,*>t ,,ix4 ,,pol> ,,con/ellations ,,f ,,vi ,h4 ,,to ,,xviii ,h4 #ach ,,*>t ,x4 ,,pol> ,,con/ellations ,,f ,,xviii ,h4 ,,to ,,vi ,h4 #aci ,,preface ,?is book repres5ts an attempt to cultivate ! love ( ! />s1 & to (f] a guid+ h& to all ^? :o are will+ to believe t "s ( ! mo/ exquisite joys ( life are to be f\nd1 l scatt]$ & unreg>d$ gems1 wait+ to be pick$ up by any *ance wayf>] :o1 )\t special k1 or optical aids1 or ma!matical atta9m5ts1 or any ( ! p>aph]nalia or advantages ( ! pr(essional a/ronom]1 w simply turn 8 eyes to ! sky & op5 8 m9d to its pla9 tea*+s & its sup]nal inspirations4 ,! writ]'s only real excuse = appe>+ aga9 9 ?is p>ticul> field is t he has nev] yet f9i%$ a book1 & se5 x g =?1 )\t feel+ t he _h ov]look$1 or ca/ aside1 or ( necessity omitt$ a multitude ( ?+s q z int]e/+ & important z any he _h t\*$ ^u4 ,accord+ly1 he yields once m to ! lure ( ?is inexhau/ible & illimitable subject1 & /rives aga9 to f9d expression = ! ?\ghts :i* x cont9ually awak5s1 & to exhibit1 h[ev] imp]fectly1 ! endless procession ( m>vels :i* /ream be=e him :o kn[s & loves ! />s l a dazzl+ rivire ( brilliants4 ,?is book 9 no way duplicates ano!r "w ( ! same h&1 ,a/ronomy ) ! ,nak$ ,eye4 ,9 t ! ef=t 0 to revive ! romance ( ! con/ellations by retell+ _! fasc9at+ hi/ory1 _! my?ology1 _! immemorial leg5ds & traditions1 & indicat+ _! poetic backgr\nd 9 ! pres5ce ( ! imag9>y figures :i*1 8f times ( :i* ! memory ( man runne? n to ! contr>y10 h be5 associat$ ) !m2 9 ?is ! writ] tries to draw ! read] into m intimate relations ) ! />s by dwell+ ^u _! individual peculi>ities & beauties1 & ! impressions :i* ei!r s+ly or 9 con/ellat$ gr\ps !y make ^u ! m9d ( ! behold]4 ,surely !re is n ano!r field ( human contemplation s wondr\sly ri* z a/ronomy6 ,x is s easy to rea*1 s responsive to e mood1 s /imulat+1 uplift+1 ab/ract+1 & inf9itely consol+4 ,ev]ybody may n be a *emi/1 a geologi/1 a ma!matician1 b ev]ybody may be & ought to be1 9 a mode/1 p]sonal way1 an a/ronom]1 = />-gaz+ is a great m$ic9e ( ! s\l4 ,!re is ! writ]'s text4 ,,introduction ,! *>ts illu/rat+ ?is book h be5 drawn by ! writ] especially to meet ! ne$s ( beg9n]s--( ^? :o1 feel+ :at a void 9 _! intellectual life ignorance ( ! />s has creat$1 w\ld n[ fill t void1 & ?us r\nd out _! spiritual be+ ) "s k ( ,nature on h] mo/ maje/ic & yet mo/ beautiful & w9n+ side4 ,on acc\nt ( ! necess>ily dim9utive scale ( ! *>ts1 ev]y?+ has be5 omitt$ f !m :i* did n seem ess5tial4 ,b = ! purpose 9 view !y ga9 by ?is process ( exclusion1 = ) m details !y w\ld h be5 confus+4 ,x is ! broad1 g5]al aspect ( ! sky ) :i* ! beg9n] mu/ fir/ famili>ize himself4 ,at ! />t ! heav5s appe> to him to be fill$ ) an innum]able multitude ( sc9tillat+ sp>ks1 scatt]$ ev]y:]e 9 disord]4 ,b ) a little att5tion he p]ceives t !re is discipl9e 9 ?is ho/1 & imm$iately ! discov]y gives him pleasure & awak5s 8 admiration1 z ! p]ception ( ord] always does4 ,! great lead]s ( ! firmam5t come =?1 unmi/akable1 pla9ly recognizable1 & !reupon ! rank & file fall into _! places4 ,!n ! ineffable beauty ( ! :ole assemblage bur/s l a revelation ^u ! m9d4 ,?is revelation is n = ! dull 9 _s1 b he :o has once _h x becomes h5ce=?1 & ev5 9 spite ( previ\s prejudice or indiff]5ce1 a devotee ( ! />s1 ) a zeal flam+ bright] ) e sw+ ( ! p5dulum ( 8 ye>s4 ,9 ! f\r circul> *>ts repres5t+ ! aspect ( ! heav5s respectively at ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox1 ! ,summ] ,sol/ice1 ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox1 & ! ,w9t] ,sol/ice1 few />s fa9t] ?an ! f\r? magnitude are includ$1 & n all ev5 ( t magnitude1 because ! sole purpose is to enable ! beg9n] to recognize ! con/ellations by _! *>act]i/ic gr\p+s ( />s & _! relative situations 9 ! sky4 ,! insup]able difficulty is to picture ! hemisph]ical sky on a flat page4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( di/ortion _c be avoid$1 & ! read]'s imag9ation mu/ supply ! effect ( p]spective4 ,he mu/ always rememb] t ! c5tre ( ! *>t /&s = ! middle ( ! sky ov]head1 & t ! circul> b\nd>y repres5ts ! full r\nd ( ! horizon1 f ea/ ?r\gh s\?1 we/1 & nor?1 to ea/ aga94 ,if he is comp>+ ! *>t ) ! sky :ile fac+ s\?1 he %\ld hold ! *>t upright z x is pr9t$ 9 ! book2 if he makes ! comp>ison :ile fac+ nor?1 he %\ld turn ! *>t upside d[n4 ,if he lies on 8 back ) 8 head to ! nor? 7& 9 no o!r way c "o get s va/ an impression ( ! />ry dome71 & holds ! *>t ov] 8 head1 x w repres5t ! entire vault ( ! firmam5t4 ,! names ( ! con/ellations w be f\nd on ! *>ts1 & also ! individual names ( ! mo/ celebrat$ />s1 b ! con/ellation b\nd>ies are n %[n1 because1 9 n9e cases out ( t51 ! precise limits ( a con/ellation are n important = ! beg9n] to "k1 & to se>* = !m w\ld simply lead to confusion4 ,z he progresses 9 8 k ( ! sky any unc]ta9ty ab\t ! con/ellation to :i* p>ticul> />s belong c be settl$ by consult+ ! six *>ts1 drawn to a l>g] scale1 at ! end ( ! book4 ,on ^! *>ts m ( ! small />s are %[n1 & 9 addition !re w be f\nd ! ,greek lett]s :i* a/ronom]s atta* to ! pr9cipal />s ( ea* con/ellation = ! sake ( ready id5tification4 ,on ^! *>ts1 too1 ! con/ellation b\nd>ies w be se51 indicat$ by dott$ l9es4 ,! trac+ ( ^! l9es is m or less a matt] ( arbitr>y *oice4 ,!re are no int]national b\nd>y disputes among ! heav5ly p[]s1 & ! fronti] l9es may run any:]e1 provid$ only t !y d n include 9 "o con/ellation any />s :i* by common usage1 or prescription1 belong to ano!r4 ,! con/ellations h be5 re%ap$ _m times 9 ! pa/4 ,! 8geography ( ! heav5s0 has kn[n z _m *anges z t ( ! e>?1 ! ambition ( ! old a/ronom]s be+ sometimes z insatiable z t ( f\nd]s ( t]re/rial k+doms & empires4 ,ab\t ?ree c5turies ago ! />ry sky 0 8,*ri/ianiz$10 ,/4 ,mat!w1 ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,john1 ,/4 ,joseph1 ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,/4 ,/eph51 ,/4 ,gabriel1 ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal51 ,/4 ,ka?>9e1 toge!r ) ,noah1 ,a>on1 ,job1 & ,eve1 tak+ ! places ( ! hea!n gods1 goddesses1 & h]oes 9 ! sky1 :ile ,saturn became ,adam1 ,jupit] ,moses1 ,m>s ,jo%ua1 ,m]cury ,elias1 ,v5us ,/4 ,john ,bapti/ 7671 ! ,moon ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & ! ,sun ,*ri/ 7see ,app5dix74 ,x is n an unhe>d-( ?+ 9 uranography 78description ( ! heav5s02 analogue to geography7 = a />1 or a gr\p ( />s1 to *ange allegiance1 or ev5 to belong to two con/ellations at ! same "t4 ,! bright /> ,alph]atz is /ill an example ( ?is d\ble nationality1 =1 al?\gh x %9es on ! head ( ,&rom$a & is h] jewel p> excell5ce1 yet h] neighbor ,pegasus also lays claim to ! />1 & uranograph]s s f> admit ! ju/ice ( 8 claim t !y call ,alph]atz1 accord+ to circum/ances1 ei!r ,alpha 77 ,&rom$ or ,delta 77 ,pegasi4 ,= _m ( _! purposes a/ronom]s f9d no use = ! con/ellations1 pref]r+ to id5tify ! />s by _! position 9 "r asc5sion & decl9ation 7equival5t to longitude & latitude71 & 9 ! great mod]n ,dur*mu/]ungs1 or /> catalogues1 ?is plan is univ]sally foll[$4 ,/ill1 ! con/ellations af=d a v conv5i5t classification ( ! />s1 & probably !y w nev] be ab&on$ ev5 by pr(essional a/ronom]s2 :ile f ano!r /&po9t !y nev] c be ab&on$1 because !y are among ! mo/ anci5t & preci\s ( human docum5ts1 valuable = hi/ory & = ! und]/&+ ( my?ology1 & resi/lessly *>m+ 9 _! poetic associations4 ,b1 to return to ! description ( ! *>ts1 ! read] %\ld be in=m$ z to ! mean+ ( ! l9es %[n ^u !m1 & ( ! indications f\nd r\nd _! bord]s4 ,9 ! f\r circul> *>ts ! clos$ curve cross+ ! sky f "r to left repres5ts ! equator ( ! heav5s1 :i* is directly ov] ! equator ( ! e>?2 ! v]tical l9e ?r\gh ! c5tre %[s ! m]idian1 or nor? & s\? l9e1 :i*1 s to speak1 foll[s ! obs]v] :]ev] he may g1 occupy+ ! same place 9 ! sky1 at ! same h\r ( local "t1 9 all longitudes2 & ! dott$ curve is ! ecliptic1 or ! app>5t annual pa? ( ! sun ?r\gh ! sky4 ,! cross+ po9ts ( ! equator & ! ecliptic are respectively ! ,v]nal & ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox1 :]e ! sun is at ! two dates 9 ! ye> :5 day & night are ( equal l5g?2 & ! f>!/ nor!rn & s\!rn po9ts ( ! ecliptic are respectively ! ,summ] & ! ,w9t] ,sol/ice1 :]e ! sun is at ! times ( ! longe/ & ! %orte/ days 9 our hemisph]e4 ,^! f\r fundam5tal po9ts are all %[n on ! *>ts4 ,ar\nd ! bord] ! h\rs ( "r asc5sion are indicat$ by ,roman num]als4 ,ea* h\r corresponds to #ae ( space1 or "o tw5ty-f\r? ( a circle ( ! sph]e4 ,! h\rs beg9 at ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox1 :i* is graphically describ$ z ! 8,gre5wi* ( ! ,sky40 ,9 ! l>g]-scale *>ts at ! end ( ! book ! h\rs ( "r asc5sion are indicat$ at ! bottom1 & ! degrees ( nor? & s\? decl9ation 7! sign /&+ = nor? & - = s\?7 are %[n at ! side4 ,9 bo? cases ! decl9ation is reckon$ f ! equator4 ,! f\r oblong *>ts ( ?is s]ies1 tak5 toge!r1 repres5t ! entire circuit ( sky betwe5 #dj nor? & #dj s\? decl9ation1 & ! two semicircul> *>ts1 tak5 toge!r1 %[ ! />s )9 #ej ( ! nor? pole4 ,?us ! entire set ( six *>ts exhibits ! complete dome ( ! heav5s f ! nor? pole to #dj s\? decl9ation4 ,9 pass+ f ! oblong to ! semicircul> *>ts x is only necess>y to br+ ! h\rs ( "r asc5sion into accord4 ,9 ! semicircul> *>ts ! h\rs w be f\nd r\nd ! curv$ bord]s4 ,ea* ( ! f\r circul> *>ts 9 ! body ( ! book repres5ts ! aspect ( ! ev5+ sky at "o ( ! equ9octial or sol/itial epo*s4 ,to be m precise1 ^! *>ts %[ ! sky z x appe>s1 at ab\t ! latitude ( ,new ,york1 at #aj ,p4,m41 on1 respectively1 ,m>* #bj? 7! ,v]nal ,equ9ox71 ,june #ba/ 7! ,summ] ,sol/ice71 ,septemb] #bc;d 7! ,autumnal ,equ9ox71 & ,decemb] #bb;d 7! ,w9t] ,sol/ice74 ,b ! read] mu/ n ?9k t x is necess>y to conf9e himself to ! exact latitude1 date1 or h\r j m5tion$4 ,und\bt$ly x w\ld be bett] = ! beg9n] to d t approximately1 b x is n ess5tial4 ,! effect ( a *ange ( latitude is1 p]haps1 ! lea/ important4 ,if ! obs]v] is f>!r s\? ?an ab\t #dj nor? latitude1 ! s\!rn />s w appe> high] 9 ! sky ?an !y are %[n 9 ! *>ts1 & "s ( ! />s close to ! nor!rn horizon w s9k f view4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he is f>!r nor? 7z 9 ,canada or ,nor!rn ,europe71 ! nor!rn />s w appe> high]1 & "s ( ^? ne> ! s\!rn horizon w be invisible4 ,b if he conf9es 8 att5tion to ! />s & con/ellations repres5t$ 9 ! c5tral p>ts ( ! *>ts 7:i* he %\ld1 9 any case1 d = o!r reasons71 ! effect ( ! %ift due to diff]5ce ( latitude w n be f\nd v s]i\s4 ,z to ! effects ( a dep>ture f ! h\rs & dates = :i* ! *>ts are drawn1 !y1 too1 c readily be all[$ =4 ,suppose t1 )\t *ang+ ! date1 ! read] makes 8 obs]vations an h\r e>li] ?an t giv51 say at #i ,p4,m41 ,m>* #bj?4 ,!n he w f9d t "s ( ! ea/]n />s1 se5 along ! left-h& edge ( ! *>t :5 x is held upright1 h n yet come into view above ! horizon1 :ile o!r />s1 n se5 on ! *>t drawn = t date1 are visible above ! horizon 9 ! we/4 ,to ! />s ?us c>ri$ out (1 or br\ght into1 view he %\ld pay no att5tion2 he w f9d !m aga9 on o!r *>ts :5 !y are bett] plac$ = obs]vation4 ,next1 suppose t )\t *ang+ ! h\r ( obs]vation he *anges ! date1 & in/ead ( obs]v+ on ! #bj? ( ,m>* he obs]ves on ! #e?4 ,!n he w notice precisely ! same diff]5ce t 0 manife/ :5 8 obs]vation 0 made an h\r too e>ly on ,m>* #bj?--i4 e41 "s ( ! ea/]n />s on ! *>t w n yet h ris51 & o!r />s1 n on t p>ticul> *>t1 w be visible 9 ! we/4 ,al?\gh at fir/ all ?is may be a little confus+ to ! beg9n]1 he w soon f9d t he c make due all[ance = ! *anges ( aspect4 ,! :ole matt] becomes v simple :5 x is rememb]$ t ! heav5s h a d\ble revolution t[>d ! we/2 "o ( ^! revolutions1 due to ! e>?'s rotation on its axis1 be+ effect$ 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & ! o!r1 due to ! e>?'s revolution r\nd ! sun1 requir+ an entire ye>4 ,"o h\r ( ! daily revolution 7repres5t$ by an h\r ( "r asc5sion7 produces ! same effect on ! position ( ! />s z two weeks ( ! annual revolution2 or two h\rs ( ! fir/ correspond to "o mon? ( ! second4 ,if ! obs]vations are made at a lat] date or a lat] h\r ?an ^? indicat$ on ! *>t1 ! *anges w occur 9 ! rev]se ord]--i4 e41 we/]n />s w h disappe>$ & ea/]n />s w h come up into view4 ,i p>ticul>ly wi% to impress ^u ! beg9n] ! ne$lessness ( be+ tr\bl$ ab\t ^! discrepancies4 ,he c avoid all possibility ( p]plexity by fitt+ 8 obs]vations to ! exact times ( ! *>ts4 ,z ,i h already said1 a diff]5ce ( a few degrees 9 8 latitude on ! e>? may be disreg>d$4 ,! *>ts1 ) a slight all[ance = ! %ift ( position ( ! extreme nor!rn & s\!rn />s1 are available = any ( ! middle latitudes ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,& if ! effects ( a *ange ( h\r or date prove 9 ! lea/ confus+1 ! beg9n] has only to await ! giv5 date & ! giv5 h\r1 & all w be cle>4 ,!n1 z soon z he has become famili> ) a few ( ! lead+ con/ellations1 ! o!rs1 :i* 9 !mselves are n s easily recognizable1 w fall into _! prop] places1 aft] :i* !re c be no possibility ( confusion4 ,9 fact1 mu* less ef=t is requir$ to become famili> ) ! aspect ( ! />ry sky ?an is dem&$ = a simil> acqua9tance ) ! fundam5tal data ( botany1 m9]alogy1 geology1 or any o!r ( ! obs]vational bran*es ( natural sci5ce4 ,x 0 at fir/ ! int5tion to indicate ! c\rse ( ! ,milky ,way on ! circul> *>ts by dott$ outl9es1 b ?is 0 ab&on$ 9 view ( ! re/rict$ space4 ,any "o c easily trace ! me&]+s & bran*+s ( ?is />ry sc>f1 ! contemplation ( :i* c>ries ! m9d to great] heights ( intellectual p]spective ?an any o!r ph5om5on ( ! _w ( matt]4 ,if ! read] has ! good-=tune to be situat$ :]e artificial lights d n int]f]e ) ! spl5dor ( ! heav5s1 he c obs]ve ! c\rse ( ! ,milky ,way on any cle> night2 &1 if he possesses skill 9 del9eation1 he may make *>ts ( x & its (f%oots :i* w be ( real value4 ,bett] /ill if he has ! means ( photograph+ x4 ,"h is a non-ma!matical field ( a/ronomy :i* is ripe = ! h>ve/1 & 9 :i* ! labor]s are few4 ,! ,milky ,way is s full ( wond]s t c5turies ( obs]vation & /udy _c exhau/ !m4 ,!re is no?+ m impressive ?an to see h[ x (t5 foll[s curves ( lucid />s z if "s my/]i\s attraction 7 draw+ x t[>d !m2 & yet x itself consi/s ( />s4 ,a few m words ( practical advice to ! beg9n]4 ,let him1 at fir/1 conf9e himself to ! bright & conspicu\s />s & ! /rik+ gr\ps %[n 9 ! *>ts1 assign+ ea* to its prop] con/ellation4 ,:5 he has become famili> ) ^! 9 _! broade/ aspects1 he c turn to ! *>ts at ! end ( ! book & famili>ize himself ) ! con/ellation b\nd>ies4 ,aft] t1 if he wi%es to g fur!r1 z he almo/ c]ta9ly w1 he c obta9 a l>ge /> atlas1 furni% himself ) a telescope1 & op5 up a new side ( 8 life :i* w make him rejoice to be1 = a few %ort ye>s1 a dwell] on a planet inhabit$ by be+s intellig5t en\gh to lift _! eyes above ! horizon & to fe$ _! m9ds ) ! inspirations ( ! univ]se4 ,yet ano!r ?+1 :i* may be a novelty to _m1 & :i* is sure to af=d unexpect$ pleasure--:5 y h fairly le>n$ ! con/ellations1 take a mirror & /udy !m by reflection4 ,?is is a c\nsel ( intimacy4 ,orion w seem less remote & m compreh5sible :5 8 liv+ image is enclos$ 9 a frame1 :i* y c hold on y\r lap l an album4 ,!re is some?+ />tl+ 9 ! sight ( ! />ry heav5s "u y\r feet4 ,i once enjoy$ ! s5sation 9 p]fection :ile /alk+ de] 9 a boat at midnight on ! placid bosom ( a =e/ pond4 ,! wat] 0 z motionless z s _m acres ( black glass1 & ,i =got to look = ! de]1 9 ! %aft ( light f ! hood$ 8fl>e0 at ! b[1 :5 we seem$ to be drift+ out into an ocean ( e!r1 9 ! middle ( ! sky1 ) />s bel[ z well z />s above4 ,:5 we sil5tly cross$ ! pond1 & got f> f ! %ores1 ! s5sation 0 ov]p[]+2 x took "o's brea? away4 ,we drift$ "r ov] ! ,milky ,way1 & ,vega1 ,altair1 & ! 8,nor!rn ,cross0 gleam$ b5ea? ! keel4 ,be sure t y\r mirror is fre%ly silv]$ & clean1 & rememb] ! rev]sals ( position :i* all reflections produce4 ,if y hold ! mirror be=e y incl9$ d[nw>d1 ! position ( objects 9 ! sky w be rev]s$ top = bottom2 if y hold x incl9$ upw>d1 s z to see objects beh9d y\r head1 !y w be rev]s$ "r = left4 ,) ^! precautions y w f9d ! mirror a great conv5i5ce = /udy+ con/ellations :i* are ne>ly ov]head4 ,x is ! pr9ciple ( ! 8diagonal prism0 employ$ ) telescopes1 & ( ! h&-mirrors us$ by _m visitors at ! ,vatican ,palace to view ) com=t ! ceil+ pictures ( ,mi*ael ,angelo 9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel4 ,?us ! sky becomes an atlas1 & y c /udy its liv+ *>ts at leisure4 ,,r\nd ,,! ,,ye> ,,) ,,! ,,/>s ,i ,,! ,,ev5+ ,,sky ,,at ,,! ,,v]nal ,,equ9ox ,! ye> has its morn+ no less unmi/akable 9 its *>act]i/ic features ?an ! dawn ( ! day4 ,! e>? & all ( its inhabitants feel ! subtle influ5ces ( ! dawn+ ye>1 & ,nature awakes at _! t\*4 ,?is annual morn+ comes :5 ! sun transits ! equator1 mov+ nor?1 at ! beg9n+ ( 8 long summ] t\r1 ab\t ! #bj? ( ,m>*4 ,?is is ! epo* ( ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox1 :5 ! spr+s ( life beg91 once m1 to fl[4 ,!n ! sun truly rises on ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,!n ! mighty _w ( ! nor?1 :i* ,provid5ce has made ! *ief abode ( vital organisms on ?is planet1 r\ses itself & %akes (f ! apa?y ( w9t]1 & m51 animals1 & plants1 ea* aft] _! mann]1 r5ew _! activities1 & 9 _m cases _! v exi/5ce4 ,?is annual reawak5+ is "o ( ! pr(\nde/ ph5om5a ( nature1 & !re are secrets 9 x :i* sci5ce has n yet p5etrat$4 ,bliss ,c>man has beautifully pictur$ ! t]re/rial *>ms ( ! v]nal season 9 8 8,spr+'s ,s>ab&03 8,ov] ! hills ( ,april1 ,) s(t w9ds h& 9 h&1 ,impassionate & dreamy-ey$ ,spr+ leads h] s>ab&4 ,h] g>m5ts float & ga!r ,& swirl along ! pla91 ,h] headge> is ! gold5 sun1 ,h] cloak ! silv] ra940 ,b :y d n ! poets see & express ! hyp]physical *>m ( ! spr+ ev5+s8 ,:5 ! light ( ! v]nal day has fad$ ! />s come =?1 & 9 ! quality ( _! %9+ r$uplicate & height5 ! impressions left by ! quick5+ l&scapes4 ,m ?an half is lo/ if ?is be miss$4 ,b p]haps ?is side ( nature is too transc5d5t ev5 = poetry4 ,"o c behold b n tell x4 ,em]son has come ne>e/ to its expression1 & he puts x 9 prose3 8,! grass gr[s1 ! buds bur/1 ! mead[ is spott$ ) fire & gold 9 ! t9t ( ! fl[]s4 ,! air is full ( birds1 & sweet ) ! brea? ( ! p9e1 ! balm-(-,gilead1 & ! new hay4 ,night br+s no gloom to ! he>t ) its welcome %ade4 ,?r\gh ! transp>5t d>kness ! />s p\r _! almo/ spiritual rays4 ,man "u !m seems a "y *ild1 & 8 huge globe a toy4 ,! cool night ba!s ! _w z ) a riv]1 & prep>es 8 eyes aga9 = ! crimson dawn40 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t ,i--,,! ,,v]nal ,,ev5+ ,,sky ,!re 0 n only poetic b logical fitness 9 ! old ,engli% cu/om1 ab&on$ s9ce #agea1 ( dat+ ! op5+ ( ! ye> f ! la/ week ( ,m>*4 ,h[ c ! real bir? ( ! ye> be imag9$ to occur :5 all nature is /ill deep 9 slumb] "u ! ,janu>y sn[s8 ,! seasons are manife/ly ! *ildr5 ( ! sun1 wax+ & wan+ ) 8 /r5g?1 & surely t "o %\ld be reckon$ ! elde/ :i* is ! fir/ bir? ( 8 vivific spr+time rays4 ,x seems rem>kable t ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> 9 anci5t times1 :5 m5 felt m ke5ly ?an we d n[ ! symbolism ( natural ph5om5a1 0 n m frequ5tly fix$ at1 or ne>1 ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox1 & ,i suspect "s defect 9 our in=mation on ?is subject4 ,9 ,attica1 ,george ,cornewell ,lewis tells u1 ! ye> began at ! ,summ] ,sol/ice4 ,b ?is 0 to make ! second ( ! sun's seasonal (fspr+ ! s5ior1 ?us ignor+ ! j claim ( ! true heir1 ! season ( buds4 ,9 ,sp>ta & ,mac$onia1 accord+ to ! same au?ority1 ! ye> began ) ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox1 :i* 0 /ill worse1 = 9 summ] ! ye> is at ! z5i? ( its life1 :ile 9 autumn x is already /umbl+ t[>d ! tomb4 ,9 ,botia1 at ,delphi1 & 9 ,bi?ynia !y contradict$ nature m decid$ly1 z we d to-day1 by mak+ ! ye> beg9 at ! ,w9t] ,sol/ice1 :5 ! *ill$ _w is yet asleep4 ,! ,romans adopt$ ?is plan ev5tually1 b x is int]e/+ to obs]ve t !y _h an old] cu/om ( beg9n+ ! ye> 9 ,m>*1 :i* _m *]i%$ 9 _! dome/ic life z well z = "s legal purposes1 aft] ! lawful op5+ ( ! ye> _h be5 fix$ on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y4 ,& f9ally we h p]petuat$ ! illogical sy/em ( absolutely rev]s+ nature's rule 9 ! succession ( ! seasons by mak+ ! ye> beg9 ab\t n9e days aft] ! ,w9t] ,sol/ice4 ,b 9 spite ( cal5d>s & laws nature prevails1 & ev]ybody in/9ctively feels t ! true beg9n+ ( ! ye> is 9 ! season :5 ! curr5ts ( life resume _! y\?ful fl[4 ,at any rate1 h[ev] x may be ) /rictly t]re/rial affairs1 t is ! "t :5 ! call ( ! />s becomes ! mo/ insi/5t & irresi/ible4 ,accord+ly ! epo* ( ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox is *os5 = our op5+ *apt]4 ,b ! read] at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 />-gaz+ is n conf9$ to ?is season2 he c beg9 at any "t conv5i5t to him4 ,to avoid misappreh5sion x is important to po9t out t our conc]n is n ) t half ( ! heav5s :i* ! sun illum9es :5 he crosses ! equator1 com+ nor?1 at ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox1 b ) ! diametrically opposite half1 :]e 9 c\ntless multitudes %9e 8 fell[ suns--8 pe]s1 8 inf]iors1 & 8 sup]iors--turn+ physical night into intellectual day4 ,accord+ly1 9 ,*>t ,i we see n t "p ( ! sky :i* conta9s ! po9t call$ ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox1 b ! opposite "p1 :]e ! sun pursues 8 c\rse :5 he is decl9+ f ! ,summ] ,sol/ice t[>d ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox4 ,! *>t repres5ts ! appe>ance ( ! sky at #aj ,p4,m4 on ! #bj? ( ,m>* 7see ,introduction74 ,x also repres5ts ! sky z x appe>s ab\t #aa4cj ,p4,m4 at ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 ab\t #i ,p4,m4 ! fir/ week ( ,april1 & #h ,p4,m4 ab\t ,april #bj?4 ,let u1 !n1 ne> "o ( ^! dates & h\rs1 g out-(-doors & transport ourselves to ! univ]se4 ,:y does n ev]ybody feel ! ?rill t comes to ! a/ronom] :51 ) eag] expectation1 he wat*es ! fad+ sunset light1 ! sl[ )drawal ( ! va/ curta9 ( illum9at$ air :i* = twelve h\rs has hidd5 ! prodigi\s m>vel ( ! spangl$ heav5s1 & ! fir/ pe]+ =? ( ! great />s8 ,i believe t ev]ybody does feel x :5 he gives himself ! opportunity & ab&ons 8 m9d to its own reflections--b s few embrace ! opportunity or enc\rage ! reflections6 ,select1 if possible1 a high place1 :]e ! eyes c range r\nd ! :ole horizon unob/ruct$4 ,!n try to seize ! entire view at once1 z "o glances = ! fir/ "t at ! map ( a new c\ntry4 ,get ! ensemble by sweep+ all ar\nd ! sky1 n paus+ to note details1 b cat*+ at a glance ! location ( ! bright] />s & ^? t =m /rik+ gr\ps4 ,note :]e ! ,milky ,way runs1 a fa9t1 silv]y zone at ?is season1 ar*$ across ! we/]n half ( ! firmam5t1 hang+ l />ry gossam]s 9 places1 brilliant 9 ! nor?we/1 b becom+ fa9t] z x dips t[>d ! s\?we/]n horizon--a m]e anticipation ( its summ] spl5dor1 hid+ its light & fad+ away z x approa*es ! imp]ial pres5ce ( ,sirius4 ,notice ! great hexagon ( fir/ magnitude />s t surr\nds ,orion 9 ! we/--,sirius1 ,rigel1 ,aldeb>an1 ,capella1 ,ca/or & ,pollux1 & ,procyon m>k+ ! angles1 & ,betelgeuse glitt]+ n f> f ! c5tre ( ! figure4 ,obs]ve ,regulus ) ! 8,sickle0 ( ,leo on ! m]idian4 ,look = ! glimm] ( ! 8,beehive0 9 ,canc]1 betwe5 ,gem9i & ,leo1 & = ! p5tangul> head ( ,hydra b5ea? x4 ,/ill l[] y w see ! r$di% gleam ( ! />ry s]p5t's he>t1 ,cor ,hydr1 or ,alph>d1 & !n1 runn+ ea/w>d1 & dipp+ ev] ne>] ! horizon1 ! long1 w9d+ l9e ( 8 />s pass+ "u ! ov]set cup ( ,crat] & ! quadrilat]al ( ,corvus1 ! 8,cr[10 until !y disappe>1 un5d$1 9 ! s\!a/1 = f mid-heav5 to ! horizon !re is n space en\gh to display all ( ^! beautiful coils1 :i* take a k9d ( life z y wat* !m4 ,away ov] 9 ! ea/1 close to ! ecliptic1 y w see ,virgo ) h] diamond1 ,spica1 fla%+ 9 h] h&4 ,y are n[ fac+ ea/2 to y\r left1 !n1 nor? ( ,spica1 gl[s great ,arcturus1 ) 8 att5dants %ap+ ! figure ( ,botes4 ,( ,arcturus1 a /> t among a million f9ds no rival1 we %all speak m p>ticul>ly else:]e4 ,f>!r to ! left1 beyond ,botes1 %9es ! exquisite 8,nor!rn ,cr[n10 ,corona ,borealis4 ,t too w claim att5tion 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,! squ>e ( ,h]cules is j above ! horizon bel[ ! ,cr[n 9 ! nor!a/1 & to its left1 z y face nor?1 is se5 ! diamond-%ap$ head ( ,draco1 ! 8,great ,dragon0 t ,a!na 0 fabl$ to h entangl$ ) ! axis ( ! _w4 ,8 />s w9d upw>d betwe5 ! 8,dipp]s0--! 8,little ,dipp]10 :i* has ! ,pole/> at ! end ( its h&le1 & ! 8,great ,dipp]10 :i*1 brim d[nw>d1 %9es ea/ ( ! m]idian1 almo/ z high z ! z5i?1 if y are z f> nor? z #dj or m4 ,! h&le ( ! 8,great ,dipp]0 is ! tail ( ,ursa ,major1 :o treads lumb]+ly ab\t ! pole1 ) 8 back d[nw>d1 8 head out-?ru/ we/ ( ! m]idian1 & 8 feet1 m>k$ by ?ree /rik+ pairs ( />s1 up 9 ! middle ( ! sky4 ,on ! m]idian s\? ( ,ursa ,major /&s ! 8,sickle0 ( ,leo already m5tion$4 ,away r\nd 9 ! nor?we/1 beyond ,capella1 are ,p]seus & ,cassiopeia1 imm]s$ 9 ! ,milky ,way4 ,hav+ fix$ ! location & g5]al appe>ance ( all ^! con/ellations 9 ! m9d1 y are prep>$ to /udy !m1 & _! />s1 9 m detail4 ,let u beg9 9 ! ea/4 ,= "s occult reason ! ris+ />s always seem m attractive ?an ^? t are ne> sett+4 ,9 ! ea/1 !n1 ! eye is at once drawn to ! beautiful ,spica1 :i* ! impassive1 immemorial ,virgo we>s z h] only ornam5t4 ,x is a fasc9at+ /> ) its pure :ite rays1 da%$ ) swift gleams ( exquisite color z ! atmosph]ic waves roll ov] x4 ,!re is n ano!r equal to x 9 ! impression ( purity :i* x gives4 ,we may imag9e t "s dim s5se ( ?is immaculate quality 9 ! light ( ,spica l$ to ! nam+ ( ! con/ellation ! 8,virg910 ?us call$ by ne>ly all peoples1 ea* 9 its own language3 1 ,k1 ,puella1 ,kauni1 ,%e-,sang-,neu1 ,pucella1 ,virge1 ,md51 ,jungfrau1 ,virg9e--all1 anci5t & mod]n1 ,greek1 ,roman1 ,indian1 ,*9ese1 ,norman1 ,fr5*1 ,anglo-,saxon1 ,g]man1 ,italian1 & ,engli% wor%ipp+ toge!r at ?is %r9e ( ideal purity4 ,if ! ,assyrians made h] ! wife ( ,bel t 0 h>dly a disp>agem5t1 = ,bel 0 ! sun4 ,s1 too1 ! id5tification ( ,virgo ) ! ,greek ,p]sephone1 ! ,roman ,c]es1 & ! ,jewi% ,be?ula1 all goddesses conc]n$ ) ! h>ve/ & ! f]tility ( ! l&1 9 no way detract$ f h] virg9al "*1 nor did h] association ) ,a/ra1 ! goddess ( ju/ice4 ,beside ,spica1 ,virgo has no v bright />s1 & x is h>dly d\btful t ! imag9>y purity ascrib$ to ! con/ellation 0 d]iv$ entirely f ! unsulli$ :it5ess ( ,spica4 ,:ile gaz+ at t beautiful /> all ( ^! associations1 com+ f times s remote & peoples s di/ant1 cr[d into ! m9d1 increas+ ! int]e/ ) :i* "o reg>ds x4 ,! nations :o nam$ x ! v]nal />1 be=e all o!rs1 h gone ! way ( t]re/rial ?+s1 b ! /> rema9s1 z pe>ly fair z :5 ,aratus sang to x3 8,lo1 ! ,virg96444 ,h] favor be ^u u60 ,!n sci5ce comes to c>ry ! ?\ghts to gr&]1 if less romantic1 heights4 ,spica1 x tells u1 is a sun :i* might well claim to be includ$ 9 ,newcomb's wond]ful 8,,xm0 class--i4 e41 />s excell+ our sun at lea/ t5 ?\s& times 9 spl5dor1 =1 not)/&+ ! brilliance ) :i* x delights u1 x is s remote t no c]ta9 e/imate ( its di/ance c be made1 its p>allax escap+ measurem5t--:at1 !n1 mu/ be ! intol]able blaze ) :i* x illum9es its imm$iate neighborhood6 ,b :5 ,sci5ce beg9s h] revelations no man c =etell ! wond]s t %e w discov]4 ,! spectroscope av]s t ,spica is spe$+ hi!rw>d at a pace ( m ?an #cb1jjj miles p] h\r6 ,ea* night t /> is almo/ #gjj1jjj miles ne>] ?an x 0 ! night be=e1 & yet x is n p]ceptibly bright] ?an x 0 9 ! days ( ,hom]4 ,su* are ! /> dep?s6 ,su* is ! measureless playgr\nd ( ! sp9n+ suns6 ,!n ,sci5ce1 inspir$ by its spectroscopic sibyl1 :isp]s ano!r />tl+ ^w 9 our e>s3 ,t core ( :ite fire gl[+ s s(tly 9 ! v]nal midnight has an invisible companion />1 ) :i* x circles 9 an orbit #f1jjj1jjj miles 9 diamet]1 & e f\r days !y complete a sw+ 9 _! mighty waltz6 ,! /> ,epsilon 77 9 ,virgo 7see ,*>t ,,vii1 at ! end ( ! book7 is ,v9demiatrix1 ! 8,grape-ga!r]10 ?us nam$ f "s imag9$ association ) ! v9tage4 ,mukdim-al-,kitaf1 8,! ,=]unn] ( ! ,v9tage10 ! ,arabs call$ x1 tak+ _! h9t f ! ,greeks be=e !m4 ,admiral ,smy?1 9 8 ,cycle ( ,cele/ial ,objects1 has ^! curi\s l9es on ?is />3 8,w\ld y ! ,/> ( ,bac*us f9d on noble ,virgo's w+1 ,a l5g?y ray f ,hydra's he>t unto ,arcturus br+2 ,two-?irds along t fanci$ l9e direct ?' inquir+ eye1 ,& !re ! jewel w be se51 s\? ( ,cor ,c>oli40 ,! read] may be int]e/$ 9 try+ ! />-lov+ admiral's plan = f9d+ ,v9demiatrix4 ,gamma 77 is ,porrima1 a prophetic goddess ( anci5t ,latium1 consult$ especially by ! wom54 ,b = u ?is /> is mo/ int]e/+ z be+ "o ( ! fir/ b9>ies discov]$ 9 ! heav5s4 ,x is a *>m+ object = a small telescope4 ,! two compon5ts revolve r\nd _! common c5tre ( gravity 9 a p]iod ( ab\t "o hundr$ & eighty ye>s4 ,z ! read] progresses 9 8 /udies he w f9d ,virgo full ( int]e/+ objects1 includ+ ! celebrat$ 8,field ( ! ,nebul10 m>k$ out by ! />s ,beta 771 ,gamma 771 ,delta 771 ,epsilon 771 & ,eta 772 b to see ! nebul1 :i* are ?ickly scatt]$ !re1 he mu/ h a p[]ful telescope4 ,s\?we/ ( ,virgo1 b ne> ! s\!a/]n horizon1 ! quadrilat]al figure ( ! con/ellation ,corvus1 ! 8,cr[10 cat*es ! eye4 ,its brighte/ /> is ( less ?an ! second magnitude1 yet by _! app>5t association ! f\r />s imm$iately attract att5tion4 ,"o sees no special reason :y ! figures m>k$ out by ^! />s %\ld be lik5$ to ! =m ( a bird2 b x 0 a rav5 to bo? ! ,greeks & ! ,romans1 & simil>ly symbolical to o!r e>ly peoples4 ,! ,arabs1 h[ev]1 at fir/ call$ x ! 8,t5t10 a designation :i* at lea/ _h a real resemblance = its basis4 ,b ^! />s possess a *>m indep5d5t ( any fanci$ lik5ess to t]re/rial ?+s4 ,9 look+ at !m we d n ?9k ( ! billions ( miles :i* actually sep>ate !m f ea* o!r1 b only ( _! seem+ companion%ip4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we =ce ourselves to consid] ! imm5se di/ances betwe5 !m ! m9d is ov]:elm$ ) ! reflection t "h1 pla9ly /ak$ out be=e u1 is a field ( space ( absolutely un?9kable magnitude ) its angles z cle>ly m>k$ z if a cele/ial surveyor _h plac$ corn]-/ones !re4 ,note t ! /> ,alpha 771 once ! lead] ( ! con/ellation 9 brightness z well z 9 alphabetical rank1 is n[ s fa9t t y h to look = x :]e x %r9ks1 9 half concealm5t1 bel[ "o ( its n[ bright] neighbors4 ,^! abasem5ts are n v uncommon among ! />s4 ,_! glory1 too1 is mutable2 !y also h _! ups & d[ns4 ,! ,arabic "n = ,alpha 77 0 ,al ,*iba1 or ,al ,hiba1 mean+ ! 8,t5t40 ,gamma 771 n[ ! brighte/ /> ( ! con/ellation1 0 call$ ,gi5ah1 ! 8,w+10 & ,delta 771 ,algorab1 or ,al ,ghurab1 ! ,arabic "n = 8,rav510 b ,beta 771 :i* is p]haps z bright z ,gamma 771 has no special designation4 ,f ,corvus ! eye w&]s naturally to its neighbor on ! we/1 ,crat]1 ! 8,cup40 ,bo? ( ^! con/ellations re/ on ! back ( ! long s]p5t9e ,hydra4 ,crat] is f> less conspicu\s ?an ,corvus2 b its resemblance to a cup is r /rik+1 al?\gh ! imag9>y vessel lies tipp$ up on its side ) ! op5 "p t[>d ! ea/4 ,among ! _m ascriptions ( ?is />ry cup 9 anci5t my?ology to v>i\s gods & goddesses1 none is m int]e/+ ?an t :i* made x ! cup ( ,m$ea1 ?us includ+ ,crat] among ! num]\s con/ellations :i* 7 associat$ 9 ! imag9ation ( ! ,greeks ) _! great romance ( ! ,argonautic ,exp$ition4 ,its brighte/ />s are only ( ! f\r? & fif? magnitudes1 & individually n wor? mu* att5tion4 ,hydra1 :i* /ret*es its imm5se coils across ab\t sev5 h\rs ( "r asc5sion1 pass+ "u ,canc]1 ,leo1 ,crat]1 ,corvus1 ,virgo1 & a "p ( ,libra1 also c>ries ! m9d back ?r\gh ! gold5 mi/s ( ! morn+ ( ,greek my?ology to ! adv5tures ( ,jason & 8 crew ( ,argonauts1 = x 0 once id5tifi$ ) ! ,aonian ,dragon4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to inquire h[ mu* ( ! p]5nial fasc9ation ( ?is anci5t romance may be due to its traditional association ) ! />s4 ,look fir/ at ! head ( ,hydra1 n[ well we/ ( ! m]idian1 bel[ ! glimm]+ 8,beehive0 9 ,canc]4 ,x is m>k$ by five />s ( v>i\s magnitudes mak+ an irregul> p5tagon4 ,!n let ! eye foll[ ! l9e d[n s\!a/w>d until x enc\nt]s ,cor ,hydr1 or ,alph>d1 ! latt] its ,arabic "n1 mean+ ! 8,solit>y ,"o40 ,x is ( ! second magnitude & ( a r$di% color1 & ! space ab\t x is vacant ( conspicu\s />s4 ,!re is an attraction ab\t ^! solit>y bright />s t is almo/ my/ical1 _! v lonel9ess l5d+ int]e/ to ! view1 z :5 "o wat*es "s di/ant sn[-clad peak gleam+ 9 ! rays ( sunset aft] all ! l[] m\nta9s h sunk into ! blue %ad[s ( com+ night4 ,cor ,hydr is ! ,alpha 77 ( its con/ellation4 ,above ,hydra1 nor!a/ ( ,cor ,hydr1 at ! cross+ ( ! ecliptic & ! m]idian1 is ! great /> ,regulus 9 ,leo1 ! 8,lion40 ,x /&s at ! l[] end ( ! h&le ( a v di/9ctly m>k$ sickle-%ap$ figure1 :i* includes ! brea/1 head1 & mane ( ! imag9>y lion4 ,regulus is n only a beautiful />1 b x possesses mu* practical importance z "o ( ! pr9cipal 8nautical />s10 hav+ be5 employ$ by sailors ev] s9ce ! beg9n+ ( navigation to det]m9e _! place at sea4 ,! sun almo/ runs ov] ?is /> ab\t ! #bj? ( ,augu/1 & e mon? ! moon passes close beside x1 & sometimes occults x4 ,?us x s]ves z a gold5 mile-/one 9 ! sky4 ,x has /rangely affect$ ! imag9ation ( mank9d 9 all ages4 ,f ! remote/ times x has ev]y:]e be5 kn[n z ! 8royal />0 p> excell5ce4 ,9 ,greek x 0 1 9 ,lat9 ,rex1 f :i* ,cop]nicus con/ruct$ our "n1 ,regulus4 ,!re are ?ree o!r 8royal />s10 ,aldeb>an1 ,ant>es1 & ,fomalhaut1 b ,regulus has always be51 9 a c]ta9 way1 _! *ief4 ,= five ?\s& ye>s x has be5 believ$1 traditionally1 to control ! affairs ( heav51 & ! a/rolog]s h seiz$ ^u ?is idea by mak+ x ! natal /> ( k+s1 & ^? de/9$ to k+ly a*ievem5ts & rule4 ,9 our age ( sci5ce we may safely indulge ^! fancies2 !y c n[ d no h>m1 & !y add imm5sely to ! int]e/ ) :i* we reg>d ! /> t gave bir? to !m4 ,:5 ! 8,royal ,/>0 crosses high on ! m]idian 9 ! v]nal ev5+s1 ! imag9ation is ?r[n back ov] almo/ ! :ole c\rse ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,aryan race1 & ! rays ( ,regulus br+ aga9 ! dreams ( ,babylon & ,n9eveh1 ( ,greece & ,rome1 ( ,india1 & ( ! />-wat*+ des]ts ( ,arabia4 ,cyrus1 9 8 conqu]+ m>*es1 may h look$ to t /> = help & inspiration1 = x 0 ! heav5ly gu>dian ( ! ,p]sian mon>*s4 ,! spectroscope tells u t ,regulus1 l ,spica1 is approa*+ u1 b less rapidly1 draw+ ne>] ab\t #dge1jjj miles p] day4 ,b its di/ance is #iej1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj miles 7p>allax #j4jb71 & x out%9es ! sun "o ?\s& times4 ,! second /> above ,regulus1 9 ! curve ( ! sickle's blade1 is ,gamma 771 or ,algieba 7,arabic ! 8,=ehead071 a beautiful d\ble1 probably b9>y1 ) a p]iod ( revolution :i* ,dob]ck has e/imat$ at ab\t f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,! l>g] /> ( ! pair is gold5-orange & ! small] bronze-gre51 a m>vell\s contra/1 & an ord9>y telescope %[s well ! spectacle1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! compon5ts be+ #c4gh4 ,& ?is wond]ful pair is ru%+ t[>d ! sol> sy/em at ! rate ( two million miles p] day4 ,yet s great is its di/ance t we h no record t 9 a ?\s& ye>s m5 h notic$ a bright5+ ( ! headlight ( ?is t]rible locomotive ( space6 ,b probably ! m ref9$ me?ods ( ! pres5t "t1 if appli$ = a simil> p]iod1 w\ld reveal an om9\s expansion ( t oncom+ light4 ,gamma is int]e/+ z m>k+1 r\ghly1 ! spot 9 ! sky :i* 0 ! app>5t c5tre ( radiation = ! ,novemb] meteors1 :i* 7 la/ se5 9 _! spl5dor 9 #ahff-fg1 _! return 9 #ahii-aijj1 = :i* ! _w _h long be5 wait+1 hav+ be5 prev5t$ by ! di/urb+ attraction ( ,jupit] & ,saturn1 :i* %ift$ _! orbit4 ,! 8,sickle0 9 its entirety is an attractive a/]ism1 & hang+ s conspicu\sly 9 ! sky on a spr+ ev5+ x may be imag9atively reg>d$ z a h>b+] ( ! op5+ ( ! season :5 ! ?\ghts ( m5 are turn+ to prep>ations = future h>ve/s4 ,9 ! height ( ! h>ve/ season ! 8,sickle0 sets ne> sund[n1 !n no long] /&+ upright1 b ly+ along ^u ! horizon--a symbol ( ! we>i$ husb&man's approa*+ h\rs ( re/3 8,nor %all a />ry night 8 hopes betray40 ,away (f at ! ea/]n end ( ! con/ellation1 9 ! lion's tail1 %9es its second /> 9 rank1 ,d5ebola 7,arabic ,al ,dhanab1 ! 8,tail074 ,x too is spe$+ hi!rw>d1 b only half z fa/ z ,gamma4 ,l ,aldeb>an1 ! "n ,d5ebola has an indef9ite *>m1 f its full r\nd v[el s\nds1 & a c]ta9 nobility 9 ! look ( x z x lies on ! pr9t$ page4 ,z ) _m sonor\s ,indian names 9 ,am]ican geography1 ^! old /> names lose some?+ ( _! effect :5 !y are translat$4 ,x is bett] to take !m z !y /&1 transc5d+ t]re/rial analogy & def9ition1 l ! sublime objects t !y designate4 ,nor!a/ ( ,d5ebola lies ! small con/ellation ( ,coma ,b]5ices1 8,b]5ice's ,hair10 rem>kable = ! confus$ glitt] ( ! small scatt]$ />s ( :i* x consi/s4 ,x is a con/ellation ) a romantic hi/ory :i* ,i %all n retell "h4 ,x =ms an attraction = an op]a-glass4 ,we n[ return to ! region ( sky above ! head ( ,hydra1 we/ ( ! m]idian4 ,!re ! att5tion is arre/$ by a glimm]+ spot1 a k9d ( />ry cobweb1 :i* repres5ts ! 8,beehive0 clu/] 9 ,canc]4 ,its classical "n is ,prsepe1 ! 8,mang]40 ,9 ,a/ronomy ) ! ,nak$ ,eye w be f\nd a copy ( ,galileo's draw+ ( ! />s ( ,prsepe z !y appe>$ to him ) 8 newly inv5t$ telescope4 ,x is delightful to look at !m on a cle> night ) a l>ge op]a-glass or a small telescope4 ,!y are an example ( t clu/]+ t5d5cy s (t5 se5 among ! />s1 & :i* rea*es its mo/ wond]ful manife/ations 9 su* assemblages z ! fam\s globul> clu/]s 9 ,h]cules & ,c5taurus1 :]e c\ntless ?\s&s ( small />s appe> to be s cr[d$ toge!r t 9 ! c5tre !y run up into a p]fect blaze4 ,b 9 ,prsepe !re is no su* app>5t cr[d+1 ?\gh ! />s are s num]\s t !y resemble a sw>m ( bees4 ,! probability is t none ( ! />s 9 ?is company is z l>ge z our sun--al?\gh we _c be p]fectly sure because we d n "k _! di/ance--b !y are1 nev]!less1 true /ell> bodies1 sol> *ildr51 :i* seem play+ toge!r1 ov]wat*$ by l>g] />s1 wait+ n f> away4 ,plato1 or 8 disciples1 tak+ ! sugge/ion f old] dream]s1 reg>d$ ,prsepe z a gateway ( s\ls ?r\gh :i* desc5d$ ! spirits t 7 to animate ! bodies ( m5 dur+ _! e>?ly life4 ,!re are moods 9 :i* "o c h>dly consid] our coldly sci5tific way ( treat+ su* cele/ial wond]s z be+ ess5tially sup]ior to ! m spiritual ideas & sugge/ions ( ! vision>ies ( antiquity1 be=e man became possess$ ) ! notion t all sci5ce is summ$ up 9 measurem5t4 ,unque/ionably we h m 8facts10 b h we m inspiration8 ,are we z ne> to ! />s z 7 ^? :o knew less ab\t !m8 ,h we yet got ! key to unlock ! univ]se8 ,d _m ( u compreh5d ! dictum ( "o ( our own mod]n sages--8,hit* y\r wagon to a />08 ,canc] has no conspicu\s />s1 & x cov]s b a small space on ! sky1 yet z a con/ellation x is z old z any1 & x has giv5 u our 8,tropic ( ,canc]10 because 9 anci5t times1 be=e ! ,precession ( ! ,equ9oxes _h drift$ ! zodiacal signs & con/ellations ap>t1 ! place ( ! ,summ] ,sol/ice1 :]e ! sun is at its nor!rn extreme ( decl9ation1 0 situat$ 9 ,canc]1 ?\gh n[ we f9d x 9 ,gem9i1 close to ! bord]s ( ,taurus4 ,we/w>d f ,canc] we see ! great gr\p ( mighty />s & con/ellations ( :i* ,orion is ! *ief & c5tre1 b ,sirius ! brighte/ jewel4 ,!y are n[ decl9+ rapidly t[>d ! horizon1 & w be bett] /udi$ at ano!r season4 ,!y include1 besides ,orion1 ,gem9i1 ,auriga1 ,taurus1 ,canis ,major1 & ,canis ,m9or1 & w be f\nd m favorably situat$ 9 ! *>t devot$ to ! sky at ! ,w9t] ,sol/ice4 ,= ! pres5t1 !n1 we turn our eyes to ! nor!rn c5tral "p ( ! v]nal heav5s4 ,!re1 almo/ ov]head1 %9es ! 8,great ,be>10 ,ursa ,major1 always recognizable by ! rem>kable figure ( ! 8,great ,dipp]10 or1 z !y pref] to call x 9 ,old ,engl&--:]e brimm+ dipp]s ( sp>kl+ wat] lift$ dripp+ f ! 8old oak5 bucket0 are n s famili> z 9 ,new ,engl&--! 8,wa910 or ! 8,pl\gh40 ,we h already rem>k$ t at ?is season ! ,be> has 8 feet upp]mo/ 9 ! middle ( ! sky & 8 back d[nw>d t[>d ! pole4 ,! ,dipp]1 too1 is n[ upside d[n1 dra9$ ( its la/ imag9>y drop1 ?\gh its />s may be ! m brilliant = t4 ,! figure ( ! b[l is situat$ on ! flank ( ! ,be>1 & its h&le repres5ts 8 impossible tail4 ,six ( its />s are ( ! second magnitude1 & "o1 at ! junction ( ! b[l & ! h&le1 ( ! ?ird4 ,_! ,greek lett]s1 beg9n+ at ! nor?we/]n corn] ( ! b[l1 are1 ,alpha 771 ,beta 771 ,gamma 771 ,delta 771 ,epsilon 771 ,zeta 771 & ,eta 771 & _! names1 9 ! same ord]1 ,dubhe1 ,m]ak1 ,phd1 ,megrez1 ,alio?1 ,miz>1 & ,b5etnas*4 ,i once knew a c\ntry s*ool-tea*] :o ?\ght t he _h acquir$ a pretty good k ( a/ronomy :5 he _h le>n$ ^! names by he>t4 ,he c]ta9ly knew m ( uranography ?an mo/ p4 ,! names seem to be all ( ,arabic orig91 & at ! risk ( de/roy+ _! *>m ,i w give1 f ,all5's ,/> ,names1 _! probable significations4 ,dubhe means simply 8,be>02 ,m]ak 7sometimes ,mirak71 8,lo902 ,phd 7sometimes ,phecda or ,phad71 8,?igh02 ,megrez1 8,root ( ! ,tail02 ,alio?1 mean+ unc]ta91 probably some?+ to d ) ! tail2 ,miz> 7orig9ally ,mirak71 8,girdle02 & ,b5etnas* 7sometimes ,alcaid71 8,*ief ( ! ,m\rn]s10 f an ,arabic phrase hav+ t signification4 ,! /> ,megrez1 n[ s mu* fa9t] ?an ! o!rs1 0 once z bright z any ( !m4 ,x has fad$ )9 ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,close by ,miz> a fairly good eye has no difficulty 9 see+ a small /> :i* is nam$ ,alcor 7signification unc]ta974 ,! ,arabs are said to h call$ ^! two />s ! 8,horse & 8 ,rid]10 & to h reg>d$ x z a te/ ( good vision to be able to see !m bo?4 ,x is c]ta9ly n a sev]e te/ at pres5t4 ,miz> itself is telescopically d\ble1 pres5t+ a beautiful sight 9 a small telescope1 ! di/ance asund] be+ ab\t #ad4 ,! small] /> is l an em]ald 9 hue1 & ! color is usually rem>k$ at once by ! beg9n] 9 telescopic obs]vation4 ,! l>g] /> is "o ( ^? /range objects call$ 8spectroscopic b9>ies0--two suns lock$ 9 ! embrace ( gravitation & sp9n+ r\nd a c5tre s ne> to ea* o!r t to any?+ less p5etrat+ ?an ! magic eye ( ! spectroscope !y appe> z a s+le body4 ,m]ak & ,dubhe are ! celebrat$ 8,po9t]s10 s call$ because a l9e drawn f ! =m] to ! latt]1 & cont9u$ t[>d ! pole1 passes close to ,pol>is1 ! ,pole-/>1 ( :i* we %all pres5tly speak4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ^! />s is ab\t five degrees1 s t !y s]ve z a r\gh measur+-/ick = e/imat+ di/ances 9 ! sky4 ,imm$iately we/ ( ! m]idian w be se5 a curv+ r[ ( />s :i* indicate ! head ( ! ,be>4 ,?ree ( 8 feet1 or claws1 are repres5t$ by z _m pairs ( />s betwe5 ! ,great ,dipp] & ! ,sickle ( ,leo1 "o ( ! pairs be+ ea/ ( ! m]idian1 "o we/ ( x1 & "o ne>ly ^u x4 ,bel[ ! out] end ( ! h&le ( ! ,dipp]1 9 ! direction ( ,d5ebola1 a fairly bright />1 ,cor ,c>oli1 :i* ,engli% loyalty nam$ = ! he>t ( ! un=tunate ,k+ ,*>les ,i41 %9es on ! coll> ( "o ( ! 8,hunt+ ,dogs10 ,canes ,v5atici1 :i* ,botes is repres5t$ z hold+ 9 a lea% z he *ases ,ursa ,major r\nd ! pole4 ,?is1 too1 is a beautiful d\ble1 ! contra/$ colors ( ^: widely sep>at$ />s are f9ely %[n by a small telescope4 ,n[ let ! eye run along ! curve ( ! ,dipp]'s h&le1 beg9n+ at ! b[l1 & !n1 spr++ on1 cont9ue ! same curve ea/w>d2 x w enc\nt]1 at a di/ance ab\t equal to ! :ole l5g? ( ! ,dipp]1 a v great & brilliant />--,arcturus1 bright] ?an ,spica & ,regulus1 & usually1 :5 n v f> ris5 f ! horizon1 ( a di/9ctly r$di% hue4 ,x is ! *ief /> ( ,botes1 ! 8,driv]10 ! 8,vocif]ator10 ! 8,h]dsman10 or ! 8,be>-wat*]10 z x has be5 v>i\sly r5d]$4 ,we %all h m to say ab\t ,botes 9 ano!r *apt]1 b ,arcturus is a /> s spl5did & fam\s t x _c be pass$ 9 sil5ce ! fir/ "t ! beg9n] cat*es sight ( x4 ,!re is a /&+ dispute conc]n+ ! relative rank 9 brightness ( ,arcturus among ! lead+ />s ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,its pr9cipal rivals are ,vega 9 ! ,lyre1 & ,capella 9 ,auriga4 ,b all ?ree diff] 9 color1 & t makes x m difficult to decide ^u _! relative brilliance1 s9ce diff]5t eyes v>y 9 _! s5sitiv5ess to color4 ,! ,h>v>d ,photometric ,dur*mu/]ung gives ,vega ! fir/ & ,arcturus ! ?ird rank among ^! ?ree2 b _m eyes recognize r a pre-em95ce ( ,arcturus4 ,my own impression has usually be5 t ,arcturus looms l>g] ?an ei!r ,vega or ,capella1 b t ,vega is ! mo/ p5etrat+ly brilliant4 ,x is v curi\s to notice ! effect ( ! colors ( ^! />s4 ,! %>p blue ray 9 ! light ( ,vega gives x a diamond-l quality :i* is lack+ 9 ,capella1 ^: light is :ite ) j a suspicion ( amb]4 ,arcturus is a v pale topaz :5 high 9 ! sky1 & a ruddy yell[1 sometimes flam+ r$1 :5 ne> ! horizon4 ,x is a ?rill+ recollection ( ! writ]'s e>ly boyhood t he felt an undef9$ fe> ( ,arcturus :5 se5 ris+ om9\sly r$ & fla%+ ?r\gh ! leafless b\ghs ( an apple or*>d 9 ! late ev5+s ( ,febru>y4 ,all ! anci5ts fe>$ ,arcturus = its suppos$ influ5ce 9 produc+ /orms & bad h>ve/s4 ,arcturus is a sun ( enorm\s magnitude1 e/imat$ all ! way f "o to six ?\s& times z great 9 lum9osity z our sun4 ,x is also travell+ ) great rapidity1 its spe$1 accord+ to "s e/imates1 am\nt+ to two or ?ree hundr$ miles p] second2 b mo/ ( ?is is cross-motion ) ref]5ce to u1 its g5]al direction be+ t[>d ! s\?-s\?we/4 ,if x is travell+ ?ree hundr$ miles p] second1 x w\ld trav]se ! space betwe5 ! sun & ! ne>e/ />1 ,alpha ,c5tauri1 9 ab\t ?ree ?\s& ye>s4 ,we %all t\* on ,arcturus aga9 :5 deal+ ) ,botes 9 ! next *apt]4 ,disreg>d+ = ! pres5t ! exquisite circlet ( ,corona ,borealis1 ! 8,nor!rn ,cr[n10 & ! quadrilat]al figure 9 ,h]cules1 se5 nor!a/ ( ,arcturus1 we turn to ! great dragon1 ,draco1 ^: diamond-%ap$ head may be se5 f> ov] 9 ! nor!a/ above sp>kl+ ,vega1 :i* is j on ! horizon4 ,z a ref]5ce to ! *>ts ( ! circumpol> />s at ! end ( ! book w %[1 ,draco is a rem>kably crook$ con/ellation1 its l9e ( />s w9d+ r\nd betwe5 ! 8,little ,dipp]0 9 ,ursa ,m9or1 :i* has ,pol>is at ! end ( its h&le1 & ! 8,great ,dipp]0 ( ,ursa ,major4 ,its mo/ int]e/+1 ?\gh n n[ its brighte/1 /> is ,alpha1 or ,?uban1 ,arabic = 8dragon40 ,x lies betwe5 ! end ( ! h&le ( ! ,great ,dipp] & ! b[l ( ! small "o4 ,ab\t =ty-six hundr$ ye>s ago ,alpha ,draconis 0 ! ,pole-/>1 & is believ$ to h %one d[n ! long tube-l passage 9 ! great pyramid ( ,*eops into ! wat*+ eyes ( ! prie/ly a/ronom]s1 assembl$ to view x 9 ! my/]i\s *amb] holl[$ out ( ! solid rock deep "u ! f\ndations ( ! mighty pile4 ,!y ?us _h a telescope m ?an ?ree hundr$ feet long z immovable z ! solid e>?1 b1 alas = _! calculations1 ! /> itself %ift$ its position1 & _! gigantic obs]v+ tube became useless until mod]n sci5ce inf]r$ f its position ! date ( _! build+4 ,h[ impos+ to ! imag9ation ?is association betwe5 a p>ticul> /> & ! mightie/ /ructure made by human h&s on ! e>?6 ,two c5turies ago ,?uban 0 m ?an twice z bright z x is n[1 & :5 ! ,egyptian prie/s s$ul\sly obs]v$ x f _! gloomy cav]n1 m ?an a ?\s& ye>s be=e ! magic-work+ days ( ,moses1 x may h be5 bright] /ill4 ,gamma 771 or ,eltan9 7! 8,dragon071 9 ! triangul> head1 is n[ ! brighte/ /> 9 ! con/ellation1 & x1 too1 has a hi/ory4 ,locky] & o!rs h id5tifi$ x z ! ori5tation /> ( ,rameses' great temple at ,k>nak1 & ( ! temples ( ,ha?or & ,mut at ,d5d]a & ,!bes4 ,!re is some?+ magnific5t 9 ?is ?\ght ( ! anci5t temple-build]s--to squ>e _! "w by ! />s1 & to con/ruct long r[s ( sph9xes & maje/ic columns to conduct a ray f ! sky to ! eye ( ! god 9 8 d>k & hidd5 *amb]1 :]e no impi\s foot d>$ foll[4 ,:5 y are tir$ ( trac+ ! w9d+s ( ! ,dragon1 turn to ,ursa ,m9or & ,pol>is4 ,! 8,little ,be>10 x has be5 rem>k$1 has an ev5 m prepo/]\s tail ?an 8 great] bro!r4 ,pol>is is at ! end ( ! tail1 or ! end ( ! h&le ( ! ,little ,dipp]1 & ! b[l ( ! latt] is on ! be>'s flank4 ,if "o kn[s no?+ else ( uranography1 "o %\ld at lea/ "k ,pol>is1 ! 8,nor? ,/>40 ,to recognize t /> is to be able to ori5t y\rself :]ev] y may be 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,a :ole volume c\ld be writt5 on its connection ) human affairs4 ,= at lea/ two ?\s& ye>s x has be5 ! cynosure ( sailors1 & ( w&]]s by l& z well4 ,y _c be lo/ if y h ,pol>is to guide y4 ,! magnetic compass v>ies & misleads1 ! sun & ! moon *ange _! places1 all ! o!r />s circle ?r\gh ! heav5s1 b ,pol>is is always !re1 %9+ ov] ! pole ( ! e>?1 ! image ( /eadfa/ness4 ,only ! sl[ ,precession ( ! ,equ9oxes affects x4 ,at ! pres5t "t x is )9 "o degree & a qu>t] ( ! true pole ( ! heav5s1 & x is draw+ ne>] t po9t1 s t 9 two hundr$ ye>s x w be less ?an half a degree f x--less ?an ! app>5t diamet] ( ! moon4 ,! little circle t x daily describes 9 ! sky may be disreg>d$1 = x is h>dly noticeable except ) in/rum5ts2 b x is easy to fix ! />'s position ) consid]able accuracy by simple obs]vation4 ,note t ! ,great ,dipp] & ! 8,w0-%ap$ figure 9 ,cassiopeia are on opposite sides ( ! pole4 ,:5 "o is above1 ! o!r is bel[2 :5 "o is on ! ea/1 ! o!r is on ! we/4 ,draw an imag9>y l9e f ! /> ,miz> 9 ! ,great ,dipp] to ! /> ,delta 77 9 ,cassiopeia & x w pass almo/ directly ?r\gh ! pole4 ,pol>is is on t l9e1 a degree & a qu>t] f ! pole 9 ! direction ( ,delta ,cassiopei4 ,if ! obs]vation is made :5 ,delta is above ! pole & ,miz> bel[ x1 ,pol>is w be on ! m]idian1 or nor? & s\? l9e1 a degree & a qu>t] above ! pole2 :5 ,delta is we/ ( ! pole & ,miz> ea/ ( x1 ,pol>is w be a degree & a qu>t] we/ ( ! m]idian2 :5 ,delta is bel[ ! pole & ,miz> above x1 ,pol>is w be on ! m]idian a degree & a qu>t] bel[ ! pole2 &1 f9ally1 :5 ,delta is ea/ ( ! pole & ,miz> we/ ( x1 ,pol>is w be a degree & a qu>t] ea/ ( ! m]idian4 ,! int]m$iate positions y c easily d$uce = y\rself4 ,b ,pol>is w n cont9ue to be ! un]r+ guide to ! nor? t x n[ is4 ,! ,precession ( ! ,equ9oxes is c>ry+ ! pole progressively we/w>d 9 "r asc5sion1 s t ,pol>is w ev5tually be left f> beh9d4 ,b ! motion ( ! pole is 9 a circle ab\t tw5ty-?ree & a half degrees 9 radius1 & x requires ab\t #be1hjj ye>s to complete a revolution r\nd ?is circle4 ,consequ5tly1 at ! end ( t p]iod1 ,pol>is w h come back to reign aga9 z ! ,nor? ,/> = _m c5turies4 ,9 ! int]im o!r />s w h occupi$ its place4 ,ab\t #aa1ejj ye>s f n[ ! brilliant ,vega1 or ,alpha ,lyr1 w be ! ,nor? ,/>1 & 9 ab\t #ba1jjj ye>s ,alpha ,draconis 7,?uban7 w once m %9e d[n ! great nor?w>d-po9t+ passage 9 ! pyramid ( ,*eops1 if t pyramid %all /ill exi/4 ,pol>is1 unlike "s ( ! o!rs />s t we h be5 look+ at1 is runn+ away into space in/ead ( approa*+ u1 at a spe$ :i* has be5 e/imat$ at ab\t #a1chj1jjj miles p] day4 ,its pres5t di/ance is n less ?an #bjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj miles4 ,x has an invisible companion ) :i* x circles 9 an orbit ( a few million miles diamet] 9 a p]iod ( ab\t f\r days4 ,pol>is is also a celebrat$ visual d\ble4 ,) a telescope ( two or ?ree in*es ap]ture y c see close by its flam+ rays a m9ute blue />1 a delicately beautiful sight4 ,9 ! old] days ( telescopes1 be=e !y _h atta9$ ! p]fection :i* improvem5ts 9 glass-mak+ & l5s-%ap+ h r5d]$ possible1 ?is little companion /> ( ,pol>is 0 a univ]sal te/ ( excell5ce4 ,its pre/ige 0 hi/orical4 ,! amateur own] ( a telescope :o c\ld see t /> cle>ly felt a joy t he c\ld h>dly express4 ,! old mak]s ( object-glasses1 by rule ( ?umb1 always tri$ !m on ! companion ( ! ,pole/> z a /&>d te/ = small ap]tures4 ,! small /> is ( ! n9? magnitude1 & situat$ ab\t #ah4f f its prim>y4 ,! />s ,beta 771 or ,ko*ab 7! 8,/>071 & ,gamma 771 9 ,ursa ,m9or1 are call$ ! ,w>d5s1 or ,gu>ds1 ( ! ,pole4 ,9 l[ nor!rn latitudes1 :]e ^! />s sweep ! horizon at _! l[] culm9ation1 ,%akespe>e's description 9 ,o!llo w\ld be lit]ally true dur+ a great /orm at sea3 8,! w9d-%ak'd surge1 ) high & mon/r\s mane1 ,seems to ca/ wat] on ! burn+ ,be> ,& qu5* ! gu>ds ( ?' ev]-fix$ pole40 ,! con/ellations ,cepheus1 ,cassiopeia1 & ,p]seus1 n[ l[ 9 ! nor?we/ & nor?1 we leave = description to ano!r *apt]4 ,,ii ,,! ,,ev5+ ,,sky ,,at ,,! ,,summ] ,,sol/ice ,at #aj o'clock ,p4,m4 on ! #ba/ ( ,june1 ! longe/ day ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 ! aspect ( ! sky is t %[n 9 ,*>t ,,ii1 accompany+ ?is *apt]4 ,! same *>t w answ] = #aa ,p4,m4 on ! #e? or #f? ( ,june2 #i ,p4,m4 on ! #g? ( ,july1 & #h ,p4,m4 on ! #bb;d or #bc;d ( ,july4 ,9 fact1 = any ( ! h\rs m5tion$ ! date may be %ift$ sev]al days =w>d or backw>d )\t s]i\sly affect+ ! comp>ison ( ! *>t ) ! sky1 & ! same may be said ( ea* ( ! o!r circul> *>ts4 ,! />s simply rise ab\t f\r m9utes e>li] ea* ev5+1 & f\r m9utes ( "t correspond to "o degree ( space measur$ on ! face ( ! sky4 ,s ! :ole sky %ifts ab\t "o degree we/w>d e tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,= ! obs]vation ( ! heav5s at ! epo* ( ! ,summ] ,sol/ice1 obs]v]s :o are situat$ at lea/ z f> s\? z #dj nor? latitude h an advantage ov] ^? ^: place on ! e>? is mu* f>!r nor?1 because 9 ! m nor!rn regions sunset occurs lat]1 & 9 ,engl& & ,nor!rn ,europe ! day1 at ?is "t1 may exce$ sixte5 h\rs 9 l5g?1 :ile twilight is p]ceptible ?r\gh\t ! night4 ,?is int]f]es ) ! brilliancy ( ! />s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t ,,ii--,,! ,,summ] ,,ev5+ ,,sky ,at no o!r season d ! heav5ly bodies seem s intimately associat$ ) ! e>? z 9 summ]4 ,all nature is n[ attun$1 & ! />s gl[ s(tly 9 ! tepid atmosph]e1 /irr$ by fa9t breezes1 l v]itable fl[]s ( ! sky4 ,! firmam5t becomes a va/ g>d5 lit ) beautiful lamps1 :i* seem to h be5 plac$ !re to dimly illum9ate nocturnal w&]]s 9 ! transp>5t gloom b5ea?4 ,_! beauty is z refre%+ z ! cool+ brea? ( night itself4 ,a my/ic influ5ce /eals f !m ov] ! e>?4 8,if a man w\ld be alone10 says ,em]son1 8let him look at ! />s40 ,yet he _c be alone ) !m2 !y are too fri5dly2 !y speak too pla9ly a univ]sal language1 :i*1 ?\gh he _c translate x1 he feels 9 e fibre4 ,!re is no?+ m absolutely common to all m5 ?an ! influ5ce ( ! />s4 ,no "o ev] gaz$ up at !m )\t feel+ a *ange come ov] 8 _s4 ,truly1 8!y sep>ate betwe5 him & :at he t\*es40 ,!y free him f ! bondage ( "t & space4 ,!re is no tr\ble t !y _c assuage4 ,& !re is no "t l ! summ] = becom+ intimate ) !m4 ,"o :o has be5 t\*$ by ! magic ( _! love c\ld lie all ! night long on a b$ ( p9e-ne$les & fill 8 s\l ) _! beauty4 ,! m>* ( r$ ,ant>es & 8 glitt]+ ret9ue across ! m]idian :ile ! e>? sleeps 9 sol/itial calm--:o c describe t pageant8 ,ant>es is ! summ] />1 & ) x & ! ,scorpion we w beg94 ,n s bright z ,arcturus or ,vega1 :i* are n[ high al(t1 x has a *>m peculi> to itself1 aris+ p>tly f its f]vid color1 p>tly f its surr\nd+s1 & p>tly f its position1 n too high above ! s\!rn horizon1 :i* r5d]s obs]vation ( ! /> comp>atively easy4 ,! color is s di/9ctive t "o might ?9k t he c\ld recognize ,ant>es *romatically if x 7 sudd5ly transport$ to "s o!r region ( ! sky & plac$ amid a /range environm5t4 ,sometimes a fla% ( its fi]y rays1 /rik+ sidewise into ! eye z "o is look+ else:]e1 />tles ! obs]v] l a r$ meteor4 ,x is well nam$ ,ant>es--8,anti-,m>s40 ,) ! telescope ! wond] ( color is increas$1 = close by ! great /> ! glass reveals a small] "o ( a vivid gre51 an all b incr$ible comb9ation ( complem5t>ily t9t$ suns4 ,& ^! suns are und\bt$ly actually l9k$ toge!r into a sy/em1 s t1 if !re are planets revolv+ ar\nd bo? or ei!r1 ! inhabitants ( ^? planets may behold ! spectacle ( two suns1 "o crimson & ! o!r em]ald6 ,! l>ge /> is ( ! fir/ magnitude1 & ! small "o ( ! sev5?2 angul> di/ance #c4g4 ,! companion ( ,ant>es is hi/orically associat$ ) ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ,am]ican a/ronom]s1 a man ^: life 0 a romance1 ,g54 ,o4 ,m4 ,mit*el4 ,:5 8 long-*]i%$ design ( sett+ up a great telescope 9 ,am]ica 0 at la/ fulfill$1 at ,c9c9nati1 9 #ahde1 "o ( 8 fir/ a*ievem5ts 0 ! discov]y1 to ! surprise ( ! a/ronom]s ( ,europe1 ( ! gre5 /> hid+ 9 ! rays ( ,ant>es4 ,at times x has be5 se5 em]g+ f beh9d ! moon1 aft] an occultation1 ahead ( its r$ comrade4 ,) a p>allax ( #j4jb1 ,newcomb e/imat$ ! lum9osity ( ,ant>es at n9e hundr$ times t ( our sun1 & yet ! spectroscope indicates t x is a dy+ sun1 fa/ approa*+ ext9ction4 ,9 its y\ng] days x may h be5 an orb ( prodigi\s spl5dor4 ,! con/ellation ,scorpio1 ( :i* ,ant>es is ! lead]1 is "o ( ! be/ m>k$ 9 ! sky4 ,! two small />s ,sigma 77 & ,tau 771 /&+ l att5dants on ei!r side ( ,ant>es1 l5d a s+ul> aspect to ! c5tral "p ( ! con/ellation4 ,ant>es is usually repres5t$ z ! he>t ( ! imag9>y scorpion4 ,bel[ ,tau a curv+ r[ ( />s dips to ! s\!rn horizon1 & !n rises1 f>!r ea/w>d1 t]m9at+ ) a conspicu\s pair 9 ! uplift$ /+4 ,we/ ( ,ant>es a ne>ly v]tical r[ repres5ts ! head4 ,( ! />s 9 ?is r[1 ,beta 77 is int]e/+ z a f9e & easily se5 d\ble1 ! di/ance be+ ab\t #ac4 ,a high] magnify+ p[] %[s t ! l>g] /> has ano!r fa9t companion1 di/ant only #j4g4 ,nu 77 is also telescopically int]e/+1 = x consi/s ( two pairs ( />s4 ,obs]ve 9 ,*>t ,,vii ! /range way 9 :i* ! outl9es ( ! con/ellation h be5 swung into loops 9 ord] to include c]ta9 />s 9 ,scorpio1 recall+ ! crook$ b\nd>y betwe5 ,switz]l& & ,italy1 by :i* ea* res]ves p>ticul> peaks ( ! ,alps = itself4 ,ea/ ( ,scorpio1 :]e ! ,milky ,way1 fall+ 9 flakes & %eets ( silv]y spl5dor ^u ! s\!a/]n horizon1 spreads abroad l an ov]fl[+ riv]1 lies ,sagitt>ius1 ! 8,ar*]10 (t5 repres5t$ 9 ! old pictorial *>ts z a c5taur4 ,! />s ,lambda 771 ,delta 771 & ,epsilon 77 =m ! b5t b[4 ,b mod]n eyes recognize m easily a dipp]1 =m$ by ! />s ,zeta 771 ,tau 771 ,sigma 771 ,phi 771 ,lambda 771 & ,mu 774 ,b ! />-clu/]s 9 ,sagitt>ius are m int]e/+ ?an ! sep>ate />s4 ,a little s\?we/ ( ,mu is ! fam\s clu/] #h ,m41 ( :i* ,b>n>d has made a photograph t is amaz+ beyond all description4 ,o!r clu/]s are all ab\t 9 ?is "p ( ! sky4 ,a good op]a-glass or field-glass is almo/ indisp5sable = "o :o w\ld enjoy ! glory ( ?is wondr\s region4 ,its ri*es are almo/ oppressive 9 _! lavi% abundance4 ,"h "o c h h&fuls ( />s = ! pick+ up1 l s&s ( gold f ! b$ ( ,pactolus4 ,z ! glitt]+ incru/ations t cov] ! ro(s & walls ( ! ,mammo? ,cave are (t5 comp>$ to ! />ry heav5s1 s1 rev]s+ ! image1 ,sagitt>ius is l a /up5d\s cav]n ( space all ablaze & aglitt] ) millions ( sp>kl+ gems4 ,above ,scorpio & ,sagitt>ius are ! int]tw9$ con/ellations ( ,ophiu*us & ,s]p5s4 ,he :o may wi% to dis5tangle !m is ref]r$ to ,a/ronomy ) ! ,nak$ ,eye4 ,b ! outl9es c be trac$ 9 ,*>t ,,vii4 ,! head ( ,s]p5s1 l ^? ( ,hydra & ,draco1 is pla9ly m>k$ by a /rik+ gr\p ( />s1 9 ?is case resembl+ ! figure call$ a 8qu9cunx40 ,f ?is po9t j "u ! 8,nor!rn ,cr[n10 ! s]p5t's />s w9d d[nw>d 9 beautiful pairs & gr\ps1 cross+ ! m]idian above ,scorpio1 & ris+ aga9 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! sky1 above ! little con/ellation ( ,sobieski's ,%ield1 until !y meet ! bord]s ( ,aquila4 ,ophiu*us1 ) 8 head high up t[>d ,h]cules1 :]e x is m>k$ by ! brighte/ /> 9 t "p ( ! sky1 ,alpha ,ophiu*i1 or ,ras ,alhague1 ! 8,head ( ! ,s]p5t ,*>m]10 /&s ) legs brac$ wide ap>t1 grasp+ ! s]p5t at ! po9ts m>k$ by ! />s ,delta 77 & ,epsilon 771 & ,tau 77 & ,nu 774 ,x is ,esculapius ) 8 ,s]p5t1 said ! ,greeks2 x is ,/4 ,paul & ! ,vip] ( ,melita1 or ,moses & ! ,braz5 ,s]p5t1 we don't "k :i*1 said ! *ur*m54 ,i am n aw>e t 9 ,engl& !y h ev] be5 tempt$ to call x ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon4 ,politics & national pride h n m$dl$ mu* ) ! />s1 al?\gh !re 0 once an attempt to fix ! "n ( ,napoleon ^u ,orion4 ,ras ,alhague is describ$ by ,r4 ,h4 ,all5 z sapphire 9 hue1 :ile ,alpha ,s]p5tis is yell[i%4 ,! /> ,lambda 77 9 ,ophiu*us1 also call$ ,m>fik1 ! 8,elb[10 is a beautiful b9>y1 p]iod #bce ye>s1 di/ance ap>t #a4b4 ,! small] /> is smalt blue1 a spl5did telescopic object4 ,b1 z 9 ! case ( ,sagitt>ius1 ! great] wond]s "h are 9 ! =m ( />-clu/]s1 & p>ticul>ly nebul4 ,j above ,ant>es1 9 "o ( ! feet ( ,ophiu*us1 is a small />1 ,rho 7to f9d :i* ! read] mu/ consult a l>ge /> atlas1 l ,kle9's71 ar\nd :i* ,b>n>d has discov]$1 by photography1 a truly m>vell\s nebula1 a nebula :i* appe>s to obscure ! />s l a cl\d ( cosmic du/4 ,great black lanes ext5d f & ar\nd x1 & ev5 ! lum9\s p>ts ( ! nebula seem to absorb ! light ( ! />s beh9d1 dim9i%+ _! brightness a :ole magnitude or m :]e !y are veil$ by x4 ,?is entire region ( sky is mo/ /range to ! photographic eye4 ,an outli] ( ! nebula j m5tion$ surr\nds ! /> ,nu 77 9 ,scorpio1 & its veil+ effect ^u ! />s is ev5 m evid5t4 ,!re is a simil> appe>ance ar\nd ! /> ,!ta 77 ,ophiu*i1 n f> away4 ,! s5se ( "s appall+ my/]y 9 ?is "p ( ! firmam5t is height5$ by :at ,b>n>d says ( a ?+ :i* has reappe>$ aga9 & aga9 on 8 photographs dur+ ! pa/ fifte5 ye>s1 at a po9t :i* he describes z ly+ v closely to ,r4 ,a4 xviii h\rs1 #be m41 #ca s42 ,decl4 ,s4 #bf1 #i 7ne> ! /> ,lambda 77 9 ,sagitt>ius74 8,x is a small1 black hole 9 ! sky4 ,x is r\nd & %>ply def9$4 ,its measur$ diamet] on ! negative is #b4f4 ,on acc\nt ( its %>pness & smallness & its isolation1 ?is is p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable ( all ! black holes ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$4 ,x lies 9 an ord9>y "p ( ! ,milky ,way1 & is n due to ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( />s1 b seems really to be a m>k+ on ! sky itself0 7,a/rophysical ,j\rnal1 ,janu>y1 #aiaj74 ,^! ?+s really transc5d explanation 7see ,curiosities ( ! ,sky74 ,above ,ophiu*us & 8 ,s]p5t1 almo/ exactly ov]head 9 ! latitude ( #dj ,n41 we see ! quadrilat]al figure m>k$ out by f\r ( ! pr9cipal />s ( ! con/ellation ,h]cules4 ,! head ( ,draco1 describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,i1 is beyond x t[>d ! nor?-nor!a/4 ,h]cules /&s feet upw>d 9 ! sky1 8 head1 indicat$ by ! /> ,alpha1 or ,ras ,alge?i1 ! 8,kneel]'s ,head10 be+ situat$ a few degrees we/-nor?we/ ( ,ras ,alhague4 ,?us ! two giants h _! heads toge!r4 ,b :ile ! occupation ( ,ophiu*us is pla91 nobody1 n ev5 9 anci5t times1 :5 ! con/ellation receiv$ its "n1 has ev] be5 able to say :at ,h]cules is labor+ at4 ,:5 he 0 on ! e>? ev]ybody foll[$ 8 de$s & und]/ood1 if !y c\ld n emulate1 !m4 ,he 0 z compreh5sible z a mod]n pugili/4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 t he has be5 translat$ to ! />s1 8 labors are ( a m my/]i\s nature1 &1 judg+ f 8 attitude1 he f9ds !m h>d] ?an any he und]took = ! b5efit ( mank9d "h bel[4 ,"o is tempt$ to ?9k t ! p[]s he (f5d$1 :5 he boldly ent]$ ! l& ( %ades & snat*$ ! wife ( 8 fri5d1 ,k+ ,admetus1 f ! h& ( ,dea? himself1 are n[ tak+ an ample v5geance4 ,ras ,alge?i is a v beautiful d\ble />1 "o r$1 ! o!r gre5 or blue1 & bo?1 /rangely en\gh1 are v>iable 9 brightness4 ,_! di/ance ap>t is #d4g4 ,_! spectrum indicates t !y are advanc$ t[>d ext9ction _m /ages beyond our sun4 ,! /> ,zeta 771 "o ( ^? 9 ! quadrilat]al1 is a clos] d\ble1 di/ance ab\t #a1 & is b9>y1 ! p]iod ( revolution be+ ab\t ?irty-five ye>s4 ,& n[ = a great m>vel4 ,let ! eye range sl[ly f ,eta 77 directly t[>d ,zeta 774 ,:5 "o-?ird ( ! di/ance betwe5 ! two />s has be5 pass$1 a fa9t1 glimm]+ speck w be p]ceiv$4 ,p]haps y w ne$ an op]a-glass to make sure t y see x4 ,?is is ! 8,great ,clu/] 9 ,h]cules40 ,y mu/ g to ! s\!rn hemisph]e to f9d its mat* any:]e 9 ! sky4 ,x is a ball ( suns6 ,n[ y ne$ a telescope4 ,y mu/ h "o4 ,y mu/ ei!r buy or borr[ x1 or y mu/ pay a visit to an obs]vatory1 = ?is is a ?+ t no intellig5t human be+ 9 ^! days c af=d n to see4 ,c x be possible t any man c "k t fifte5 ?\s& suns are to be se51 burn+ 9 a compact globul> clu/]1 & n long to reg>d !m ) 8 own eyes8 ,( :at use is description 9 su* a case8 ,! language has n yet be5 inv5t$ to depict su* ?+s4 ,human spee* comes d[n to u f ! times :5 m5 did n ne$ ! tongue ( ! gods to tell :at !y saw4 ,:5 ,galileo inv5t$ ! telescope1 & ,h]s*el multipli$ its p[]s a ?\s&fold1 !y %\ld h f\nd a language fitt$ to describe _! discov]ies4 ,b if y _c get a look at ! ,h]cules clu/] ?r\gh a p[]ful telescope1 photography comes to y\r aid4 ,look at "o ( ! wond]ful ,lick or ,y]kes photographs ( x1 & pause long on :at y see4 ,note ! cr[d+ ( ^? suns t[>d ! c5tre1 note ! glitt]+ spiral l9es =m$ by ^? :i* seem /ream+ & hurry+ f all sides to jo9 ! m>vell\s congregation--& !n turn aga9 to t fa9t speck 9 ! sky1 :i* is all t ! nak$ eye reveals ( ! wond]1 & reflect ^u ! mean+ ( space & ! univ]se4 ,we n[ turn f>!r ea/1 /ill keep+ ! eyes direct$ high 9 ! sky1 & j at ! edge ( ! ,milky ,way1 ) two m9ute />s mak+ a little triangle ) x1 we see ,vega or ,alpha ,lyr1 ! a/oni%+ brilliant t fla%es on ! /r+s ( ! heav5ly ,lyre4 ,at ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox x 0 j ris+ f> ov] 9 ! nor!a/2 n[ x is ! unque/ion$ que5 ( t qu>t] ( ! sky4 ,i l to ?9k ( ,em]son :5 look+ at t />4 ,!re is a s5t5ce ( 8 :i* reflects x l a mirror4 ,:5 he /rove to r\se ! 8slugg>d intellect ( ?is cont95t10 to 8look f "u its iron lids10 he c\ld f9d no /rong] image ?an t ( poetry reviv+ "h & lead+ 9 a new age1 8z ! /> 9 ! con/ellation ,h>p1 :i* n[ flames 9 our z5i?1 a/ronom]s ann\nce1 %all "o day be ! ,pole-/> = a ?\s& ye>s40 ,( ! effect ( ! ,precession ( ! ,equ9oxes1 to :i* ,em]son ref]s1 we h already spok54 ,b x is a long "t 9 ! future t ,vega w beg91 or r resume1 its reign z ! ,/> ( ! ,nor?4 ,&1 curi\sly en\gh1 :5 t "t comes ! nor!rn hemisph]e w h its ,summ] ,sol/ice :5 ! sun is j opposite to ! place :i* x n[ occupies at t season1 & :5 ,ant>es w be no m a summ] />1 b w fla% its ruddy light ^u ! sn[s ( a w9t] long] & cold] ?an ! w9t]s t we "k1 :ile ,orion w blaze above ! summ] l&scapes4 ,?is imm5se revolution1 "s h ?\ght1 may be ! measure ( ! 8,great ,ye>0 ( ,plato1 & if ! *ronology adopt$ = dat+ ! e>ly rema9s ( civilization rec5tly uncov]$ 9 ,crete is correct1 we h evid5ce t mank9d has p]si/$ ?r\gh "o ( ^! va/ p]iods1 & t nations fl\ri%$ r\nd ! ,m$it]ranean :5 ,vega 0 =m]ly ! ,pole-/>4 ,! beauty ( ,vega1 :i* has be5 admir$ & comm5t$ on f ! e>lie/ times1 is mu* enhanc$ :5 x is view$ ) a telescope4 ,!n ! blu5ess ( its light becomes evid5t1 & "o is ! m a/oni%$ at ! unque/ionable fact t x out%9es ! sun a hundr$ times4 ,a sapphire sun1 a hundr$ times m brilliant ?an ours6 ,! prop] motion ( ! sol> sy/em1 :i* c>ries u ?r\gh space ab\t twelve miles p] second1 is be>+ u almo/ directly t[>d ,vega1 s t z future ages unroll ! /> %\ld become bright] & bright] ) decrease ( di/ance1 until ev5tually x may out%9e e o!r orb 9 ! firmam5t1 & put ,sirius himself to %ame by its ov]p[]+ spl5dor4 ,! little /> ,epsilon 771 ! nor!rnmo/ "o ( ! pair ne> ,vega1 is a celebrat$ quadruple1 easily se5 z su* ) a telescope ( mod]ate p[]4 ,a little less ?an half way f ,beta 77 to ,gamma 77 ! telescope discov]s ! wond]ful 8,r+ ,nebula10 a delicate circle ( nebul\s light ) a /> 9 ! c5tre4 ,?is /> is m conspicu\s 9 photographs ?an 9 telescopic views4 ,?is object has be5 reg>d$ z a visual pro( ( ! correctness ( ,laplace's !ory ( ! orig9 ( ! sol> sy/em f nebul\s r+s surr\nd+ a c5tral sun1 b ! ,lick photographs %[ t ! r+ 9 ?is case is ( a /rangely complex con/itution4 ,beta is bo? a b9>y & a v>iable />4 ,buri$ 9 ! ,milky ,way1 ea/ ( ,lyra1 lies ! great 8,nor!rn ,cross0 9 ! con/ellation ,cygnus4 ,x is m p]fect ?an ! fam\s 8,s\!rn ,cross10 & mu* l>g]4 ,! /> ,alpha 771 at ! head ( ! ma9 beam ( ! cross1 is also call$ ,d5ib1 ! 8,tail10 z x is situat$ 9 ! tail ( ! 8,swan10 ,cygnus4 ,its p>allax is undet]m9$1 & ,newcomb plac$ x 9 8 8,,xm0 class1 describ$ "u ,spica 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,milky ,way is exce$+ly beautiful 9 ,cygnus4 ,note p>ticul>ly ! broad gaps & rifts 9 x4 ,ar\nd & above ! head ( ! cross !re are d>k spaces1 :i* are specially impressive :5 ! eyes are p>tly av]t$ f !m4 ,d[nw>d f ,cygnus ! /ream ( ! galaxy is se5 to be p>tially split longitud9ally4 ,x resembles a broad riv] me&]+1 9 ! dr\ghts ( ! 8dog days10 ov] flats & %all[s1 & int]rupt$ ) long s&-b>s4 ,h[ c />s h be5 ?r[n toge!r into su* =ms8 ,:at :irls & eddies ( ! e!r c h made ^! pools ( %9+ suns8 ,! /> 9 ! foot ( ! cross1 ,beta 771 or ,albireo--a beautiful "n )\t signification1 s9ce ,all5 %[s t x orig9at$ 9 a blund] 7see 8 ,/> ,names & ,_! ,mean+s7--is "o ( ! mo/ attractive objects 9 ! heav5s = ^? :o are =tunate en\gh to possess a telescope4 ,! smalle/ glass easily %[s x to be d\ble1 & ! comb9ation is unrivall$ = beauty1 ! l>g] /> be+ a pale topaz & ! small] a deep sapphire4 ,_! magnitudes are ?ree & sev51 & _! di/ance ap>t ab\t #cd4 ,i h sep>at$ !m ) a field-glass4 ,cygnus conta9s "o ( ! ne>e/ />s 9 ! sky1 a tw9kl] n too easily se5 ) ! nak$ eye--a /rik+ pro( ( ! fact t ! m]e fa9tness ( a /> is 9 itself no indication ( excessive di/ance4 ,?is is kn[n z #fa ,cygni1 & w be f\nd on ,*>t ,x4 ,x is a d\ble1 possible b9>y1 easily sep>at$ ) a small telescope1 ! di/ance be+ ab\t #ba4 ,! di/ance ( #fa ,cygni is ab\t #dj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj miles4 ,x 0 long kn[n z ! second ne>e/ /> 9 ! sky1 ! ne>e/ be+ ,alpha ,c5tauri 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e2 b at lea/ "o ne>] "o has m lately be5 discov]$1 & x1 too1 is a v small />4 ,! comb9$ lum9osity ( ! two />s 9 #fa ,cygni is only "o-t5? t ( ! sun4 ,amid s _m giants x is reassur+ to f9d a sun small] ?an ours2 x re/ores our self-e/eem to f9d t our sol> hamlet is n ! v lea/ 9 ! empire ( space4 ,s\!a/ ( ,cygnus1 ne> ! ea/]n %ore ( ! />ry riv]1 is ,aquila1 ! 8,eagle40 ,its *ief />1 ,altair1 8,eagle10 recalls ,ant>es1 n by its color1 = x is n r$ b :ite1 b by ! s+ul> arrangem5t ( two small />s /&+ "o on ei!r side ( x4 ,"h1 too1 ! ,milky ,way is v spl5did1 atta9+ a/oni%+ brightness l[] d[n1 9 ,scutum ,sobieskii1 8,sobieski's ,%ield40 ,! nam+ ( ?is con/ellation 0 a po/hum\s rew>d to ! h]oic k+1 ,john ,sobieski1 = sav+ ,europe by ! defeat ( ! ,turks "u ! walls ( ,vi5na1 aft] _! victori\s advance f ,con/ant9ople1 emphasiz$ 9 ! public m9d by ! appe>ance ( ,halley's ,comet1 _h seem$ to ?reat5 a ,moslem conque/4 ,twice ,halley's ,comet _h al>m$ ,europe 9 connection ) ! ,turks1 fir/ 9 #adef1 aft] !y _h tak5 ,con/ant9ople1 & aga9 9 #afhb :5 !y swept ^u ,vi5na1 s t x 0 a natural ?\ght to associate ,sobieski's victory ) "s 8sign 9 ! sky10 & a m appropriate "o c\ld h>dly h be5 f\nd ?an ! 8%ield10 boss$ ) />-clu/]s1 :i* ,hevelius select$ = ! purpose4 ,! s\!rn "p ( ! con/ellation ,aquila is sometimes call$ ,ant9\s4 ,= ! beautiful ,ori5tal leg5d ( ! ,sp9n+ ,damsel & ! ,magpie ,bridge connect$ ) ,aquila & ,lyra1 see ,a/ronomy ) ! ,nak$ ,eye4 ,newcomb gives ,altair t5 times ! lum9osity ( ! sun4 ,! con/ellations ,delph9us & ,ans] et ,vulpecula w be dealt ) 9 ! next *apt]4 ,9 ! mean "t let u turn to ! we/]n half ( ! sky4 ,j we/ ( ! m]idian1 ne> ! z5i?1 gleams ! glori\s ,nor!rn ,cr[n1 ,corona ,borealis4 ,! head ( ,s]p5s is "r und]nea? x4 ,x is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ *>m+ ( all a/]isms4 ,x c\ld h>dly be call$ any?+ else ?an a cr[n or a wrea?4 ,! p]fection ( ! figure is surpris+4 ,if its />s 7 l>g] x w\ld be ! cynosure ( ! sky1 b small z !y are !y produce an effect ( ensemble t c\ld n h be5 exce$$ if human h&s _h arrang$ !m !re4 ,! sup]ior brightness ( "o ( !m1 ,alpha 8,gemma10 or 8,! ,pe>l10 adds greatly to ! effectiv5ess ( ! comb9ation4 ,x is ! "w ( a ma/] jewell]6 ,yet1 z ,i h else:]e %[n1 ?is curi\s assemblage ( />s is b a pass+ ph5om5on1 = !y are travell+ 9 v>i\s directions1 ) v>i\s spe$s1 & 9 ! c\rse ( "t ! ,nor!rn ,cr[n w dissolve l a figure 9 ! cl\ds4 ,9 ,greek my?ology x 0 g5]ally call$ ! ,cr[n ( ,ariadne4 ,j "u ! /> ,epsilon 77 is a wond]ful v>iable1 :i* 9 #ahff sudd5ly blaz$ up to ! second magnitude1 & 0 = a "t reg>d$ z a new />4 ,no?+ is kn[n ( its p]iods ( *ange4 ,x is n n[ visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,we/ ( ,corona ! mo/ conspicu\s object is ,arcturus 9 ,botes4 ,?is entire con/ellation is n[ well plac$ = obs]vation4 ,b fir/ a few words ab\t ,arcturus1 a /> ( :i* "o c nev] tire1 s /eep$ is x 9 ! poetry & hi/ory ( ! mo/ int]e/+ nations ( ! pa/4 ,l ,alpha ,c5tauri1 ,arcturus 0 us$ z a 8temple />0 9 bo? ,egypt & ,greece1 & x 0 ( mu* importance z a progno/icator ( ! seasons4 ,:5 a conspicu\s /> 0 se5 ris+ j ahead ( ! sun1 x 0 said to rise heliacally1 & x s]v$ z a s5t9el to ann\nce ! oncom+ day4 ,to ! prie/s ?is 0 important1 because x w>n$ !m ( ! mom5t :5 x 0 necess>y to beg9 _! prep>ations = ! sunrise c]emonies 9 ! temples4 ,to ! husb&man su* a h]ald seem$ specially connect$ ) ! p>ticul> season 9 :i* x appe>$4 ,9 ?is way ,arcturus came to give its "n to ! anci5t ,greek autumn4 ,9 ,sophocles' dipus ! ,k+ !re is a passage :i* af=ds /rik+ evid5ce ( ! popul> k ( ,arcturus 9 ?is connection4 ,:5 ! h]dsman f ,m\nt ,ci?ron is br\ght to prove t he _h nurtur$ dipus z a *ild1 "o ( 8 =m] comrades1 to recall ! old man's recollections1 rem9ds him t !y _h kept _! flocks toge!r 8?ree :ole half-ye>s f ,spr+ to ,arcturus0 7mean+ f ,spr+ to ,autumn1 s9ce ,arcturus !n rose heliacally at ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]74 ,:atev] might be ! local names = ,autumn1 ov] all ! ,greek _w x 0 popul>ly kn[n z ! 8"t ( ,arcturus40 ,al?\gh ! ,revis$ ,v]sion has /ruck out ,arcturus & sub/itut$ 8! ,be>0 9 t fam\s passage 9 :i* ! ,almighty answ]s ,job 8out ( ! :irlw9d10 yet = lov]s ( ! ,bible ?is w always be 8,job's ,/>10 always surr\nd$ to ! imag9ation ) ! mom5t\s circum/ances sugge/$ by t trem5d\s & unansw]able dem&3 8,can/ ?\ call =? ,arcturus & 8 sons80 ,no sci5tific fact kn[n ab\t x--n its gigantic size1 n its inexplicable flight ?r\gh space--c be s impos+ z ! impressions convey$ 9 its *oice by ,jehovah to illu/rate ,8 illimitable p[]4 ,"o likes to ?9k t ! ,hebrew poet really did mean to write 8,arcturus10 = !re is some?+ sublime 9 ! idea ( repres5t+ ! ,great ,mak] ( ,all z call+ "o ( ,8 />s by "n4 ,arcturus is sometimes ref]r$ to "u ! "n ( ,arctophilax1 ! 8,be>-driv]10 a "n prop]ly belong+ to ! con/ellation ,botes4 ,9 mod]n a/ronomical hi/ory x w always be memorable = ! passage ov] x ( ! celebrat$ ,comet ( #aheh1 ,donati's ,comet4 ,at "o "t ! /> 0 almo/ involv$ 9 ! head ( ! great comet1 & yet x %one ?r\gh ! ob/ruct+ vapors ) virtually undim9i%$ lu/re4 ,x 0 a spectacle1 said ,pr(essor ,ni*ol1 ! l ( :i* no "o might see aga9 ?\gh he %\ld sp5d on e>? fifty lives4 ,at ! beg9n+ ! comet 0 a little plume ( fire1 8%ap$ l a bird ( p>adise10 b x soon bright5$ into a /up5d\s scimet>1 br&i%$ 9 ! sunset1 & :5 x swept ov] ,arcturus ! :ole a/ronomical _w 0 wat*+ to see :at w\ld happ5 to ! />4 ,among ! o!r />s ( ,botes1 ,epsilon 77 is specially wor?y ( notice1 be+ a rem>kable b9>y ( f9ely contra/$ colors1 orange & sea-gre54 ,! di/ance is #b4be1 & ! p]iod ( revolution long b undet]m9$4 ,/ruve call$ ?is /> 8,pul*]rima10 on acc\nt ( its exce$+ beauty4 ,al?\gh ,arcturus by its spl5dor belittles ! re/ ( ! con/ellation1 yet x requires no difficult ex]cise ( ! imag9ation to see a giant =m !re1 t[]+ beh9d ! ,be>1 & urg+ on 8 dogs 9 ! *ase4 ,! dogs are repres5t$ by ,canes ,v5atici1 ( ! beauty ( ^: *ief />1 ,cor ,c>oli1 ,i h spok5 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,9 ! upp] "p ( ,canes ,v5atici1 ab\t #c s\?we/ ( ,b5etnas*1 is ! celebrat$ 8,:irlpool ,nebula0 ( ,"l ,rosse1 :i* mod]n photographs %[ 9 a =m s sugge/ive ( trem5d\s disruptive =ces t cosmogoni/s are at a loss to expla9 x4 ,we n[ drop d[n to ,libra1 ! 8,balance10 :i* lies j we/ ( ,scorpio & ea/ ( ,virgo4 ,!re is evid5ce t ?is con/ellation orig9ally repres5t$ ! out/ret*$ claws ( ! ,scorpion4 ,yet z an indep5d5t con/ellation x is v anci5t4 ,x has only two />s ( any consid]able magnitude1 ,alpha 77 & ,beta 774 ,! =m] mu/ h fad$1 = x is n[ ! fa9t]4 ,x lies almo/ on ! ecliptic4 ,^! />s are int]e/+ on acc\nt ( _! curi\s names1 :i* !mselves t5d to prove t ,libra once =m$ a "p ( ,scorpio4 ,alpha is ,zub5elg5ubi1 ! 8,s\!rn ,claw10 & ,beta ,zub5es*emali1 ! 8,nor!rn ,claw40 ,^! titles1 z ,all5 %[s1 h be5 d]iv$ ?r\gh ! ,arabic f ! ,greek names curr5t 9 ! "t ( ,ptolemy4 ,! fir/ is yell[i%-:ite1 & ! second pale gre54 ,any good eye detects ! diff]5ce ( color at a glance1 al?\gh ! />s are ab\t t5 degrees ap>t4 ,zub5elg5ubi is widely d\ble1 sep>able ) an op]a-glass4 ,along ! we/]n horizon we recognize our old fri5ds ,virgo1 ,corvus1 & ,leo1 :ile high 9 ! nor?we/ is ,ursa ,major1 head d[nw>d1 & directly 9 ! nor? ,ursa ,m9or1 /&+ on ! end ( 8 tail1 pois$ l an acrobat on ,pol>is4 ,! head ( ,draco %[s f9ely ea/ ( ! m]idian1 & l[ d[n 9 ! nor!a/ is ! 8,laconian ,key0 ( ,cassiopeia4 ,b t is = ano!r ev5+4 ,,iii ,,! ,,ev5+ ,,sky ,,at ,,! ,,autumnal ,,equ9ox 8,:5 desc5ds on ! ,atlantic ,! gigantic ,/orm-w9d ( ! ,equ9ox1 ,l&w>d 9 8 wra? he sc\rges ,! toil+ surges1 ,lad5 ) sea-we$ f ! rocks40 ,longfell['s vivid l9es reproduce ! popul> impression ( ! "* ( ! season :5 ! desc5d+ sun aga9 t\*es ! equator1 giv+ ! :ole _w once m days & nights ( equal l5g?1 be=e he dips to ! s\? & leaves ! nor!rn hemisph]e to face ! oncom+ bla/s ( w9t]4 ,!re is no sup]/ition m deeply plant$ ?an t ( ! 8equ9octial /orms40 ,!re are su* /orms1 x is true1 b !y by no means always bur/ at ! epo* ( ! ,equ9ox4 ,! readju/m5t ( atmosph]ic conditions goes on gradually1 & !re is (t51 j at ! equ9octial mom5t1 a spell ( s]5e wea!r t c h>dly be mat*$ at any o!r season ( ! ye>4 ,! atmosph]e1 recov]$ f ! excessive heats ( summ]1 possesses a quality ( s(tness & 8mi/y fruitfulness0 t tranquillizes ! _s & makes nature d\bly *>m+4 ,x is ! late aft]noon ( ! ye>1 :5 life1 refre%$ by ! sie/as ( summ]1 resumes its activity1 & ! heav5s no less ?an ! face ( ! e>? greet ! eye ) a smile ( div9e beauty4 ,to e season its fl[]s--& to e season its />s4 ,! g>d5s ( ! sky are n ! same 9 autumn z 9 summ]1 ei!r 9 _! arrangem5t or 9 ! peculi>ities ( _! bloom4 ,!re is less p>ade ( flam+ beauty1 b ! ri*ness ( ! c\p d'il is n inf]ior4 ,& j z 9 our ,septemb] p>t]res "s ( ! summ] beauties rema91 ?\gh a little fad$1 to support ) _! *>ms _! /ately successors1 s 9 ! skies ( autumn a few ( ! summ] />s are yet se51 ?\gh some:at robb$ ( _! pri/9e spl5dor z !y s9k t[>d ! sunset4 ,! g>l& ( ! ,milky ,way has n[ be5 flung all across ! firmam5t1 f nor!a/ to s\?we/1 & :ile ,vega & ,altair hang half-way d[n ! curta9 ( ! we/1 recall+ ! glories ( ! sol/ice1 ,capella appe>s ris+ 9 ! nor!a/1 & ,cassiopeia1 n less beautiful 9 ! sky ?an :5 %e awoke ! jeal\sy ( ! sea-nymphs1 is se5 seat$ 9 h] 8%9y *air0 ea/ ( ! m]idian 9 ! nor?4 ,betwe5 ,cassiopeia & ,capella fla%es ,p]seus1 ) 8 uplift$ sword m>k$ by a curve ( />s emb$d$ 9 ! ,milky ,way1 & above ,p]seus /&s ,&rom$a1 upright1 ) h] feet t[>d h] rescu] & h] head t\*+ ! 8,great ,squ>e ( ,pegasus10 ne> ! middle ( ! sky1 ea/ ( ! m]idian4 ,cepheus1 ! ,k+1 is on ! m]idian above ! pole4 ,cassiopeia1 ,cepheus1 ,&rom$a1 & ,p]seus con/itute ! 8,royal ,family0 ( ! sky1 m endur+ ?an ! pr\d dyna/ies t by turns h rul$ t]re/rial affairs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t ,,iii--,,! ,,autumn ,,ev5+ ,,sky ,l[ d[n 9 ! s\?1 ea/ ( ! m]idian1 gl[s ,fomalhaut1 ! 8,fi%'s ,m\?10 ! lead+ & ! only bright /> ( ,piscis ,au/r9us1 ! 8,s\!rn ,fi%40 ,) ?is s+ul> /> we may beg9 our description ( ! beauties ( ! autumn sky4 ,fomalhaut well des]ves ! epi!t s+ul>1 if = no?+ else ?an on acc\nt ( its lonel9ess4 ,9 ?is respect x is m rem>kable ?an ,cor ,hydr1 :i* x resembles 9 its ruddy color4 ,fomalhaut is ! *>act]i/ic /> ( autumn 9 our latitudes1 = ! same reasons t cause ,ant>es to repres5t ! summ]4 ,l ,ant>es1 x />tles ! w&]+ eye & fixes ! att5tion1 al?\gh1 unlike ! great /> ( ,scorpio1 x has no brilliant ent\rage to emphasize its supremacy ov] ! qu>t] ( ! sky :]e x %9es4 ,x is "o ( ! sailors' />s4 ,to me ,fomalhaut is full ( boyhood memories & impressions ga9$ :5 ,i le>n$ ! />s 9 ! c\ntry1 among ! hills t %ut 9 ! ,s*oh>ie be=e x p\rs out into ! valley ( ! ,mohawk4 ,=tunately1 ,?omas ,dick's works & ,burritt's ,geography ( ! ,heav5s _h a place 9 our h\se1 & nei!r ,! ,arabian ,nights nor ,! ,swiss ,family ,rob9son 0 able to dull my appetite = !m4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t ,i knew all ! great />s by "n1 & f\nd a wond]ful pleasure 9 _! acqua9tance1 al?\gh at times !y daunt$ me ) _! impos+ associations ) ,egypt1 ! ,nile1 ,babylonia1 & ev]y?+ t is mo/ anci5t4 ,i %all nev] =get ,fomalhaut fla%+ along 9 ! s\?1 j skipp+ ! hilltops on an autumn night4 ,a great /> is nev] s impos+ nor s my/]i\s z :5 x ?us appe>s to be wat*+ ! e>?4 ,h[ imm5sely w\ld ! int]e/ ( _m travell]s' tales be height5$ if only !y _h kn[n ! names ( ! />s ^: appe>ance !y h record$4 ,:5 y h ! "n ( ! /> t 0 se51 ! season & ! h\r ( ! night are fix$ at once1 & ! :ole sc5e is fill$ ) new life4 ,:5 an ,alp9e climb]1 wait+ 9 8 lonely camp high on ! m\nta9-side = ! com+ ( day1 tells me1 8,i saw ,sirius glanc+ at u ov] a l(ty peak f> 9 ! ea/10 ,i "k imm$iately ! approximate "t ( night & ! aspect ( ! heav5s1 & ! n>rative ga9s 9 vividness2 b if he says m]ely t he saw 8a />0 8 /roke ( description misses4 ,&1 !n1 ! names ( _m ( ! />s1 by _! oddity & beauty1 enri* ! page & awake ! imag9ation4 ,!y are1 9 !mselves1 an incantation4 ,! lov] ( ! />s is grateful = any ref]5ce to !m by a great writ]1 & yet he is (t5 disappo9t$ by ! inadequacy ( descriptions t might easily h be5 made memorable if only _! au?ors _h kn[n ! />ry heav5s a little bett]4 ,h[ disappo9t+1 = in/ance1 is ?is passage 9 ,r4 ,h4 ,dana's ,two ,ye>s be=e ! ,ma/3 8,w$nesday1 ,novemb] #e?--,! wea!r 0 f9e dur+ ! previ\s night1 & we _h a cle> view ( ! ,magellan ,cl\ds & ( ! ,s\!rn ,cross4 ,! ,magellan ,cl\ds consi/ ( ?ree small nebul 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! heav5s--two bright1 l ! ,milky ,way1 & "o d>k4 ,!y are fir/ se5 j above ! horizon aft] cross+ ! s\!rn tropic4 ,:5 (f ,cape ,horn !y are ne>ly ov]head4 ,! ,cross is compos$ ( f\r />s 9 t =m1 & x is said to be ! brighte/ con/ellation 9 ! heav5s40 ,t is all1 & ! read]'s dissatisfaction is n conf9$ to ! evid5ce ( ! writ]'s lack ( famili>ity ) ! />s1 b becomes yet ke5] :5 he reflects ^u ! brilliant picture :i* ,mr4 ,dana's p[]s ( description %\ld h enabl$ him to make ( ^? /range sights ( ! s\!rn sky1 :i*1 9 8 day1 7 s r>ely se5 by nor!rn eyes4 ,on ! equator above ,fomalhaut1 & close to ! m]idian1 appe>s a curi\s gr\p ( />s 9 ! =m ( a lett] ,y4 ,!y m>k ! h& & urn ( ,aqu>ius1 ! 8,wat]man40 ,a few degrees we/w>d f ?is figure %9es ! ,alpha 77 ( ! con/ellation1 be>+ ! /range "n ,sadalmelik1 ! 8,k+'s ,luck10 or 8,lucky ,"o40 ,x is situat$ 9 ! ,wat]man's "r %\ld]1 :ile ,beta 771 "s twelve degrees f>!r we/1 m>ks ! left %\ld]4 ,beta's di/9ctive "n is ,sadalsuud1 ! 8,luckie/ ( ! ,lucky40 ,sev]al o!r />s 9 ?is con/ellation h names imply+ good-=tune4 ,! ,arabs saw ! ,y-%ap$ figure1 already ref]r$ to1 z a t5t1 & ! /> ,gamma 77 9 ?is gr\p is call$ ,sada*biah1 f an ,arabic phrase :i* ,pr(essor ,:itney translates 8,felicity ( ,t5ts40 ,^u ?is ,r4 ,h4 ,all5 rem>ks t ! /> probably got its "n f ! fact t x rose ) its companions 9 ! morn+ twilight ( spr+1 8:51 aft] ! w9t]'s want & suff]+1 ! nomads' t5ts 7 rais$ on ! fre%5+ pa/ures1 & ! pleasant wea!r set 940 ,! /> ,zeta 771 9 ?is same figure1 is a long-p]iod b9>y1 probably #gej ye>s1 & a beautiful telescopic object1 ! di/ance be+ a little m ?an #c1 :ile ! two />s are ne>ly equal1 & v :ite1 al?\gh "o ( !m seems :it] ?an ! o!r4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! outl9e ( ! con/ellation ,aqu>ius is v curi\s1 some:at resembl+ t ( ! ,/ate ( ,l\isiana tipp$ on its side4 ,! broad] "p ( x runs d[n t[>d ,fomalhaut1 & ! nor!rn "p ext5ds we/w>d1 l an ,l add$ to a h\se1 betwe5 ,equuleus & ,capricornus4 ,! latt]1 ! con/ellation ( ! 8,goat10 is relatively small & compact4 ,its two mo/ int]e/+ />s are ,alpha 771 or ,alg$i1 ! 8,goat10 & ,beta 771 or ,dabih 7signification unc]ta971 bo? 9 "o ( ! horns ( ! imag9>y animal4 ,ea* ( ^! />s is a wide d\ble4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! ,alphas is #cgc1 & t betwe5 ! ,betas #bje1 ! latt] be+ m ?an a t5? ( ! app>5t diamet] ( ! moon4 ,a good eye sees at once t ,alpha is d\ble2 b ! two />s 9 ,beta _c be se5 )\t a glass1 because "o ( !m is bel[ ! six? magnitude1 ! m9imum visible = ! nak$ eye4 ,ea* ( ! />s 9 ,beta is a telescopic d\ble4 ,! ,goat heads we/w>d1 & ! />s ,delta 77 & ,gamma 77 are 9 8 tail4 ,?is con/ellation has giv5 u our ,tropic ( ,capricorn1 because ! place ( ! w9t] sol/ice 0 once )9 its b\nd>ies1 al?\gh n[ we f9d x f> we/1 9 ,sagitt>ius4 ,above ! head ( ,capricornus we recognize our old acqua9tance ,altair1 9 ! ,eagle1 & ea/ ( ?is ! s+ul> little con/ellation ( ,delph9us1 ! 8,dolph910 (t5 call$ 8,job's ,c(f910 a "n = :i* ,i h nev] be5 able to f9d any explanation4 ,l all small con/ellations ^: />s are comp>atively close toge!r1 x imm$iately attracts ! eye4 ,none ( its />s exce$s ! f\r? magnitude2 b ?ree ( !m1 ,alpha1 ,beta1 & ,gamma1 are telescopic d\bles1 ! la/ nam$ be+ p>ticul>ly beautiful on acc\nt ( ! contra/ ( colors1 gold & gre52 di/ance #aa4 ,directly nor? ( ,altair is ! v small con/ellation ( ,sagitta1 ! 8,arr[10 int]e/+ :5 view$ ) an op]a-glass = its r[ ( little />s f :i*1 z f a maypole ly+ horizontally1 dep5d loops ( /ill small] />s look+ l g>l&s4 ,9 anci5t times ?is 0 sometimes call$ 8,cupid's ,arr[10 b !y did n v5ture to repres5t ! little god himself4 ,above ,sagitta are ! small />s con/itut+ ! d\ble con/ellation ( ,vulpecula et ,ans]1 ! 8,little ,fox & ! ,goose40 ,simply paus+ to recognize ! pres5ce ( ! ,nor!rn ,cross1 we turn to ! ea/]n side ( ! m]idian1 :]e we f9d ,pegasus1 ) 8 ,great ,squ>e4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s figures 9 ! sky4 ,! /> at ! nor!a/]n corn] ( ! squ>e is ,alph]atz1 ( :i* ,i h spok5 9 ! ,introduction1 z belong+ 9 common to ,&rom$a & ,pegasus4 ,:5 we come to ,cassiopeia ,i %all po9t out a rem>kable fact relat+ to ,alph]atz & its tw91 ,gamma ,pegasi1 ab\t #ae degrees directly s\?4 ,e lov] ( ! 8classics0 ( c\rse feels a ?rill ( pleasure 9 see+ ,pegasus 9 ! sky1 89 wild flight & free40 ,"o c sp>e _m ( ! h]oes = ! sake ( giv+ him room4 ,%akespe>e's ref]5ces to ! con/ellations are mu* less frequ5t & def9ite ?an "o c\ld wi%1 b he has cle>ly m5tion$ "o or two1 & x may be t he _h ! />ry eidolon ( ! ,w+$ ,horse 9 8 eye :5 he wrote1 9 ,troilus & ,cressida3 8,b let ! ruffian ,boreas once enrage ,! g5tle ,!tis1 & anon behold ,! /rong-ribb$ b>k ?r\gh liquid m\nta9s cut1 ,b\nd+ betwe5 ! two moi/ elem5ts ,l ,p]seus' horse40 ,! con/ellation ext5ds f> we/w>d f ! ,squ>e1 & 9 ! imag9ative sky pictures t illu/rate old *>ts ( ! heav5s ! /> ,epsilon 77 is 9 ! nose ( ,pegasus1 z he /ret*es out 8 neck to rea* 8 foal1 ,equuleus4 ,b ! horse1 ) 8 feet t[>d ! nor?1 is %[n upside d[n1 unless y turn y\r back to ! s\? :5 look+ at him4 ,! /> ,beta 77 is attractive on acc\nt ( its neighbors =m+ a /rik+ triangle ) x2 b ! space )9 ! ,squ>e is relatively vacant4 ,alpha 77 & ,beta 77 are respectively ,m>kab1 ! 8,saddle10 & ,s*eat 7signification unc]ta974 ,s\? ( ! ,squ>e ( ,pegasus we see ! we/]n "p ( ! con/ellation ( ,pisces1 ^: small />s run 9 /reams t[>d ! ea/]n horizon4 ,pisces furni%es "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable examples ( ?is ph5om5on1 9 :i* ! />s are se5 array$ 9 long1 w9d+ l9es1 l butt]cups foll[+ a brook4 ,cetus is also se5 ris+ s\? ( ,pisces2 b we %all deal ) ^! con/ellations lat]4 ,mean:ile we return to ,alph]atz1 at ! nor!a/ corn] ( ! ,squ>e ( ,pegasus4 ,! "n is d]iv$ f an ,arabic phrase mean+ ! 8,horse's ,navel02 b ! /> is n[ g5]ally associat$ ) ,&rom$a1 & is1 inde$1 ! ,alpha ( t con/ellation1 & %9es on ! maid5's head4 ,! /> ,delta 771 9 ,&rom$a1 m>ks h] brea/1 & h] ext5d$ arms & *a9$ h&s are %[n by r[s & gr\ps ( small />s on ! nor? & s\?4 ,beta 771 or ,mira*1 is 9 h] girdle1 & ! two small />s nor?we/ ( x lead ! eye to "o ( ! mo/ wond]ful objects 9 ! sky--! ,great ,&rom$a ,nebula4 ,y may detect x z a mi/y speck ) ! nak$ eye2 an op]a-glass w %[ y pla9ly t x is a little lum9\s cl\d4 ,9 ,*>t ,x its position is indicat$ by a little circle ne> ! /> ,nu 774 ,9 a telescope x appe>s ( a sp9dle %ape1 ) a bright axis1 b ! be/ views ( x are af=d$ by photography4 ,on ! photographic plate1 expos$ cont9u\sly = h\rs to its rays1 x gradually builds up its m>vell\s =m--! great c5tral cond5sation1 ) ! encircl+ spirals1 em]g+ 9 all _! /range spl5dor4 ,x resembles a :irlw9d ( sn[1 & ! appe>ance ( swift motion & t]rific =ce is />tl+4 ,its spectrum1 in/ead ( be+ t *>act]i/ic ( gases1 indicates t x consi/s pr9cipally ( matt] 9 a />-l /ate ( cond5sation1 & "s h imag9$ t x is an outside univ]se1 compos$ ( />s too di/ant to be sep>ately di/+ui%$1 & array$ 9 mighty spirals1 :i* recall ! =m ( ! ,milky ,way4 ,! late/ inve/igations %[ evid5ce1 h[ev]1 t x is p>tly nebul> 9 con/itution4 ,^! ?+s once kn[n1 ! contemplative eye is drawn to t mi/y speck z to a magnet4 ,! /> ,gamma 771 or ,almaack1 ! 8,badg]10 is 9 ,&rom$a's foot4 ,x is a wond]ful triple />1 ^: l>ge/ memb] is orange 9 color1 ! second em]ald-gre51 & ! ?ird blue4 ,! two l>g] />s are easily se5 ) an ord9>y telescope1 ! di/ance betwe5 !m be+ ab\t #aj1 b ! ?ird is difficult1 ! di/ance f ! second be+1 9 #aijh1 only #j4de4 ,! la/ two =m a b9>y1 ) a p]iod ( ab\t fifty-f\r ye>s4 ,:5 !y are ne>e/ to ea* o!r no telescope c sep>ate !m4 ,! colors ( ! two l>ge/ />s are v /rik+1 & yet "s eyes seem incapable ( appreciat+ !m4 ,?is is also true ( _m sep>ate />s 9 ! sky :i* possess di/9ctive t9ts4 ,x is a f9e te/ ( ! *romatic capacity ( ! eye to be able to enjoy ! diff]5ces among ! hues ( ! />s4 ,color-bl9dness is f> m common ?an is usually suspect$1 & is apt to manife/ itself 9 ?is way :5 n o!rwise notic$4 ,f !oretical consid]ations ,holmgr5 has %[n t ?ree v>ieties ( color-bl9dness may exi/3 fir/1 :]e ! s5se is defective = only "o color1 ei!r r$1 gre51 or violet2 second1 :]e two colors1 ei!r r$ & gre5 or r$ & violet1 are n p]ceiv$2 & ?ird1 :]e ! defect ext5ds to ?ree colors1 includ+ r$1 gre51 & violet4 ,a p]son suff]+ f ei!r ( ^! =ms ( bl9dness w\ld lose mu* ( ! peculi> beauty exhibit$ by c]ta9 />s & comb9ations ( />s4 ,to ! "r ( ,almaack1 z "o faces nor?1 is ! little con/ellation ( ,triangulum1 & beyond t1 9 ! same direction1 ,aries1 ! 8,ram10 cle>ly m>k$ by ?ree />s1 ! two small] ( :i* are q close toge!r4 ,! l>ge/ />1 ,alpha 771 is call$ ,hamal1 ! 8,ram10 or 8,%eep02 & ! next l>ge/1 ,beta 771 ,%]atan1 ! 8,sign10 ?is "n be+ due to ! fact t 9 ! days ( ,hipp>*us ,%]atan m>k$ ! place ( ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox1 & consequ5tly ! po9t ( beg9n+ ( ! ye>1 ( :i* x 0 ! sign4 ,gamma 771 ! companion ( ,%]atan1 sometimes call$ ,mes>?im 7signification unc]ta971 is a beautiful telescopic d\ble ^: compon5ts are #h4h ap>t4 ,! small] "o has a curi\s t9t :i* ,webb & o!rs h describ$ z 8gray40 ,aries 0 orig9ally ! lead] ( ! zodiac1 b ! ,precession ( ! ,equ9oxes has n[ ?r[n x into second place1 & br\ght ,pisces to ! front1 ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac be+ l a fix$ circul> framework ?r\gh :i* ! con/ellations drift t[>d ! ea/4 ,! sign ,aries rema9s ! fir/ ( ! zodiac1 b is occupi$ by ! con/ellation ,pisces4 ,is !re 9 any language a ^w m my/]i\sly impressive ?an 8zodiac08 ,a/rological sup]/ition1 p]haps1 p>tly acc\nts = ?is4 ,! ^w comes f ! ,greek = 8animal10 because ne>ly all ! con/ellations ( ! zodiacal circle are repres5tations ( animals4 ,x surr\nds ! sky ) a great m5ag]ie ( />ry phantasms1 ?r\gh ! mid/ ( :i* ! sun pursues 8 annual r\nd4 ,:5 he ent]s ! sign ( ,aries spr+ comm5ces2 :5 he ent]s ,canc] summ] reigns2 :5 he rea*es ,libra x is ! beg9n+ ( autumn1 & :5 he is 9 ,capricorn w9t] is at h&4 ,we h no?+ q equal to ! old ,greek /ory ( ,phaeton begg+ f 8 fa!r1 ,phbus ,apollo1 ! privilege ( driv+ ! ,*>iot ( ! ,sun1 & los+ 8 way ?r\gh t]ror ( ! ?reat5+ =ms amid :i* lay 8 c\rse--! 8,scorpion10 ) 8 fi]y /+ uplift$ to /rike2 ! huge 8,crab10 sprawl+ across ! way2 ! fi]ce 8,ram10 ) l[]$ head2 ! great 8,bull10 *>g+ headlong ^u him2 ! t]rible 8,lion10 ) bri/l+ mane2 ! 8,ar*]10 ) b[ b5t & arr[ aim$2 ! 8,goat10 ) crook$1 ?reat5+ horns2 ! /urdy 8,wat]man10 empty+ 8 va/ urn 9 a rag+ flood2 ! balance ( 8,libra0 ext5d$ z if to weigh 8 fate--ev5 ! b5ign aspect ( ! 8,tw9s0 & ! g5tle look ( ! s$ate 8,virg90 c\ld n re/ore 8 equanimity4 ,x 0 ! wilde/ ( all wild rides1 & ,phaeton 0 ! precursor ( ! mod]n *auffeur gone mad ) ! spe$ ( 8 flight1 & craz$ by ! pursuit ( phantoms :i* rise remorselessly 9 8 pa?4 ,x 0 probably 9 ,aries t ! inv5tors ( ! /ory imag9$ ! beg9n+ ( ! adv5ture4 ,bel[ ! feet ( ,&rom$a1 9 ! nor!a/1 appe>s ,p]seus1 h] rescu]1 hurry+ to ! combat ) ! oncom+ ,sea ,mon/]1 & c>ry+ ! blood-freez+ head ( ,m$usa 9 "o h& & 8 diamond-hilt$ sword 9 ! o!r4 ,he wraps ! glory ( ! ,milky ,way ar\nd him l a fly+ mantle1 & br&i%$ 9 ! direction ( ,cassiopeia1 ! maid5's "m1 & ( ,k+ ,cepheus1 h] fa!r1 is se5 8 magic blade1 made spl5did 9 ! sky by "o ( ! f9e/ assemblages ( small />s t c any:]e be se54 ,?is beautiful />-sw>m1 visible to ! nak$ eye z a gl[+ pat* 9 ! ,milky ,way1 is indicat$ 9 ,*>t ,x by a d\ble clu/] ( dots above ! /> ,eta 774 ,se5 ) a p[]ful op]a-glass1 or bett] ) a small telescope1 x is an object t "o c nev] cease to admire & wond] at4 ,x is s bright t ! unassi/$ eye sees x z soon z x is direct$ t[>d t "p ( ! sky4 ,x seems to ?r[ a halo ov] ! surr\nd+ sky1 z if at t po9t ! galaxy _h be5 ti$ into a gleam+ knot4 ,x is popul>ly call$ ! 8,sword ,h& ( ,p]seus40 ,b h[ inadequate seems su* t]re/rial imag]y :5 we reflect t "h a va/ *aotic nebula has be51 ?r\gh ons ( evolution1 trans=m$ into a k+dom ( />ry beauty4 ,! /> ,alpha 77 ,p]sei1 also kn[n z ,alg5ib 7,arabic ,al ,janib1 ! 8,side071 is ! c5tre ( a b5d+ r[ foll[+ ! curve ( ! ,milky ,way4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is curve ( />s is v attractive to ! eye4 ,alg5ib is a beautiful />1 alli$ to our sun 9 spectroscopic "*1 & approa*+ u at ! rate ( ab\t #efj1jjj miles p] day4 ,b ! greate/ m>vel ( ,p]seus is ! 8,demon ,/>10 ,algol1 9 ! head ( ,m$usa1 :i* is repres5t$ dep5d+ f ! h]o's "r h&4 ,algol be>s ! ,greek lett] ,beta 774 ,x is ! mo/ wond]ful ( v>iables1 & its v>iations c be wat*$ )\t any in/rum5tal assi/ance4 ,= ! great] "p ( ! "t x is ( ne>ly ! second magnitude2 b once e two days1 tw5ty h\rs1 & =ty-n9e seconds x beg9s sudd5ly to lose light1 & 9 ab\t f\r h\rs or less x fades to ne>ly ! f\r? magnitude1 be+ !n no bright] ?an "s ( ! fa9t />s ar\nd x4 ,almo/ imm$iately x beg9s to bright5 aga91 & 9 ! c\rse ( ab\t ?ree h\rs is se5 %9+ ) its pri/9e spl5dor4 ,! cause ( ^! s+ul> v>iations is believ$ to be ! exi/5ce ( a d>k />1 or a mass ( meteors1 revolv+ r\nd ,algol at su* close qu>t]s t a di/ance ( only #c1jjj1jjj miles sep>ates ! c5tres ( ! two4 ,algol itself is demon/rably consid]ably l>g] ?an our sun1 b ( less d5sity4 ,! ,arabic "n = ?is /> 0 ,al ,ghul1 ! 8,demon10 or 8,fi5d ( ! ,woods10 & our ^w gh\l comes f x4 ,! imag9ation ( a ,poe c\ld n h repres5t$ a m />tl+ ?+--a sun t w9ks l a gloat+ demon6 ,"o may easily cultivate an uncanny feel+ :ile wat*+ x4 ,no "o ne$ be surpris$ t ! a/rolog]s make mu* ( ! malign influ5ce ( ,algol4 ,if "o _h fai? 9 !m1 "o might z well be born ) ! mill/one ( fate ti$ to 8 neck z to h ,algol 9 8 nativity4 ,bel[ ,p]seus1 & n v high above ! horizon1 sp>kles ! brilliant ,capella1 b t is = ! next *apt]4 ,we turn to ,cassiopeia4 ,h] 8,w10 or 8,laconian ,key10 is a famili> a/]ism to all :o "k any?+ at all ( ! />ry heav5s4 ,! five />s =m+ ?is figure are also repres5t$ z m>k+ ! ,*air 9 :i* ! un=tunate ?\gh beautiful que5 sits4 ,!re is a delightful ref]5ce to ?is 8,*air0 9 ,xavi] de ,mai/re's ,expdition ,nocturne aut\r de ma ,*ambre4 ,:5 ! h]o discov]s ! slipp] ( 8 fair neighbor ( ! upp] flat visible on ! balcony above1 he wi%es 8to comp>e ! pleasure t a mode/ man may feel 9 contemplat+ a lady's slipp] ) t imp>t$ by ! contemplation ( ! />s40 ,accord+ly1 he *ooses ! fir/ con/ellation t he c see4 8,x 01 if ,i mi/ake n1 ,cassiopeia's ,*air :i* ,i saw ov] my head1 & ,i look$ by turns at ! con/ellation & ! slipp]1 ! slipp] & ! con/ellation4 ,i p]ceiv$ !n t ^! two s5sations 7 ( a totally diff]5t nature2 ! "o 0 9 my head1 :ile ! o!r seem$ to me to h its seat 9 ! region ( ! he>t40 ,! names ( ?ree ( ! five />s =m+ ! 8,*air0 are3 ,alpha 77 ,s*$> 7f ,al ,sadr1 ! 8,brea/072 ,beta 77 ,caph 7,arabic ,kaff1 8,h&072 & ,delta 77 ,ru*bah or ,rucb>1 ! 8,knee40 ,caph & ,ru*b> are ( p>ticul> int]e/1 ! fir/ because1 toge!r ) ,alph]atz & ,gamma ,pegasi 7(t5 call$ ,alg5ib1 al?\gh t "n belongs to ,alpha ,p]sei71 x lies almo/ exactly on ! ,equ9octial ,colure1 or ,fir/ ,m]idian ( ! ,heav5s2 & ,ru*bah1 because1 z expla9$ 9 ,*apt] ,i1 x lies 9 a l9e ) ,pol>is & ! true pole1 ?us s]v+ to indicate ! position ( ,pol>is ) reg>d to ! pole at any "t4 ,caph1 ,alph]atz1 & ,gamma ,pegasi are (t5 call$ ! 8,?ree ,guides10 because1 z j expla9$1 !y graphically %[ ! l9e ( ! ,equ9octial ,colure1 :i* is a great circle pass+ ?r\gh ! pole & cutt+ ! equator at ! ,v]nal & ,autumnal ,equ9oxes4 ,on ! opposite side ( ! pole ?is l9e passes betwe5 ! />s ,gamma 77 & ,delta 77 9 ,ursa ,major4 ,! /> ,eta 77 is an extremely beautiful b9>y1 p]iod ab\t two hundr$ ye>s1 di/ance at pres5t m ?an #f4 ,! comb9ation ( colors is especially rem>kable1 ! l>g] compon5t be+ orange1 & ! small] purple4 ,piazzi ,smy? saw ! color ( ! small] /> z 8,indian r$10 & o!rs h v>i\sly call$ x 8g>net10 8violet10 &1 curi\sly en\gh1 consid]+ ! g5]al op9ion to ! contr>y1 8gre540 ,!re is no d\bt1 :atev] ! exact hue may be1 t ?is /> we>s a liv]y di/+ui%+ x f any o!r 9 ! sky4 ,x is h>dly an exagg]ation to say t !re is z great a v>iety ( color tones among />s z among fl[]s4 ,al?\gh ! great majority ( />s approximate to :ite1 !re are1 nev]!less1 r$ />s1 gre5 />s1 blue />s1 lilac />s1 yell[ />s1 orange />s1 indigo />s1 & violet />s1 & />s ( o!r t9ts & %ades4 ,all ( ^? :i* are deeply color$ are l9k$ toge!r 9 close pairs1 b ! colors !y exhibit are n an effect ( contra/4 ,x is wond]ful to ?9k ( suns ( su* hues1 b !re !y are6 ,&1 aft] all1 x w\ld be no m difficult to acc\nt = ! colors ( />s ?an = ^? ( fl[]s4 ,b to live "u a purple or an em]ald sun might n be z agreeable z life 9 ! rays ( our :ite orb1 ^: light splits into ra9b[s1 z light ( a s+le prim>y color c\ld n d4 ,a fl[]-g>d5 "u a gre5 sun w\ld n be ! m>vel ( prismatic hues t x is 9 our _w4#a ,cassiopeia is memorable = be+ ! sc5e ( "o ( ! greate/ a/ronomical occurr5ces on record4 ,ne> ! /> ,kappa 771 9 #aegb1 appe>$ ! mo/ spl5did new /> t has ev] be5 se54 ,x is kn[n z 8,ty*o's ,/>10 ! ,dani% a/ronom] ,ty*o ,brahe hav+ be5 an assidu\s /ud5t ( ! wond]ful ph5om5on dur+ ! sixte5 mon?s t x rema9$ visible4 ,!re is a r$ v>iable /> ( less ?an ! t5? magnitude q close to ! spot :]e ,ty*o record$ ! appe>ance ( 8 nova1 & x has be5 ?\ght t ?is may be ! my/]i\s object itself4 ,9 #aija a new />1 almo/ equal 9 brilliance to ,ty*o's1 sudd5ly bur/ out 9 ,p]seus1 betwe5 ,algol & ,alg5ib1 & ^! two s simil> ph5om5a occurr+ 9 ! same qu>t] ( ! heav5s are usually l9k$ toge!r 9 ! discussion ( new />s4 ,! read] :o wi%es m p>ticul>s ab\t ^! />s may consult ,curiosities ( ! ,sky4 ,! backgr\nd ( ! sky ar\nd ,cassiopeia is a magnific5t field = ! op]a-glass & ! telescope4 ,9 sweep+ ov] x "o is rem9d$ ( ,jean ,paul ,ri*t]'s ,dream ( ! ,univ]se3 8,?us we flew on ?r\gh ! />ry wild]nesses2 "o heav5 aft] ano!r unfurl$ its immeasurable bann]s be=e u & !n roll$ up beh9d u2 galaxy beh9d galaxy t[]$ up into solemn altitudes be=e :i* ! _s %udd]$2 & !y /ood 9 long array1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,inf9ite ,be+s might pass 9 progress4 ,sometimes ! ,=m t light5$ w\ld outfly my we>y ?\ghts1 & !n x w\ld be se5 f> (f be=e me l a coruscation among ! />s1 till sudd5ly ,i ?\ght to myself ! ?\ght ( #8,!re1' & !n ,i 0 at its side4 ,b z we 7 ?us swall[$ up by "o abyss ( />s aft] ano!r1 & ! heav5s above our eyes 7 n empti]1 nei!r 7 ! heav5s bel[ !m full]2 & z suns )\t int]mission fell into ! sol> ocean l wat]sp\ts ( a /orm :i* fall into ! ocean ( wat]s1 !n at l5g? ! human he>t )9 me 0 ov]burd5$ & we>y1 & ye>n$ aft] "s n>r[ cell or quiet oratory 9 ?is metropolitan ca!dral ( ! univ]se4 ,& ,i said to ! ,=m at my side3 #8,o ,_s6 has !n ?is univ]se no end8' ,& ! ,=m answ]$ & said1 #8,lo6 x has no beg9n+6'0 ,we/w>d f ,cassiopeia1 directly ov] ! pole1 & ly+ a?w>t ! m]idian1 is ! con/ellation ( ,cepheus1 ! ,k+1 less conspicu\s ?an t ( 8 que51 ,cassiopeia1 b equally anci5t4 ,its lead+ />1 ,alpha 771 also call$ ,ald]am91 ! 8,"r ,arm10 is a c&idate = ! great (fice ( ,pole-/>1 :i* x w occupy 9 ab\t #eejj ye>s4 ,beta 771 ! second 9 rank1 is nam$ ,alfirk1 ! 8,flock0 or 8,h]d40 ,if y are sweep+ "h ) an op]a-glass y w p]ceive1 ab\t half-way betwe5 ,alpha 77 & ,zeta 771 a small /> :i* w at once arre/ y\r att5tion by its color4 ,x is ! celebrat$ 8,g>net ,/>0 ( ,sir ,william ,h]s*el1 :o 0 greatly impress$ by its brilliant hue1 decl>+ x to be ! mo/ deeply color$ /> t ! nak$ eye c f9d 9 ! sky4 ,b its color is n s /rik+ unless a glass be us$4 ,l[ d[n 9 ! nor?-nor?we/ we see ! ,great ,dipp]1 above x ! coil+ =m & diamond head ( ,draco1 & !n1 /ill high]1 ! ,nor!rn ,cross & ,vega1 bright z a jewel4 ,h]cules & ! ,nor!rn ,cr[n are ne> sett+ 9 ! nor?we/4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! read] :o is curi\s conc]n+ su* matt]s is advis$ to consult a pap] by ,dr4 ,l\is ,bell on 8,/> ,colors10 9 ! ,a/rophysical ,j\rnal 7vol4 xxi1 ,no4 #c1 ,april1 #aiaj74 ,dr4 ,bell's exp]im5ts ) artificial />s seem to %[ t physiological effects play a great "p 9 produc+ ! pron\nc$ colors ( ! small />s 9 _m telescopic d\bles4 ,! pap] is v int]e/+1 especially 9 its description ( a />tl+ imitation ( ! s+ul> clu/]1 ,kappa 77 ,crucis1 :i* ,sir ,john ,h]s*el describ$ z resembl+ a gorge\s piece ( color$ jewelry4 ,b1 :atev] "p physiological optics may play 9 ! ph5om5a ( color$ d\bles1 x is c]ta9 t _m s+le />s1 includ+ "s ( great magnitude1 possess di/9ctive t9ts4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 ,ca/or & ,pollux or ,rigel & ,betelgeuse4 ,aldeb>an & ,betelgeuse are bo? r$di%1 yet ! color tones t !y exhibit are cle>ly diff]5t4 ,,iv ,,! ,,ev5+ ,,sky ,,at ,,! ,,w9t] ,,sol/ice ,! magic ( ! />ry heav5s does n fail ) ! decl9e ( ! sun 9 w9t]1 b1 on ! contr>y1 increases 9 p[] :5 ! curta9s ( ! night beg9 to close s e>ly t by six o'clock ! twilight is gone & ! firmam5t has become a dome ( jet ablaze ) clu/]s ( liv+ gems4 ,& :5 ! sn[s arrive1 mantl+ ! hills ) gli/5+ erm9e1 ! coruscat+ spl5dor ( ! sky seems to be r$\bl$4 ,if ,i 7 to *oose a "t mo/ suitable = int]e/+ a novice 9 ! beauties & wond]s ( uranography1 ,i w\ld select ! w9t]1 & ,i w\ld lead my acolyte1 on a cle>1 fro/y night1 :5 ! l&scape 0 glitt]+ ) cru/$ sn[1 ^u "s em95ce :]e ! curve ( ! horizon 0 brok5 only by ! leafless tops ( a few trees1 ?r\gh :i* ! ris+ />s w\ld fla% l electric lamps4 ,! accord betwe5 ! />s & ! seasons is nev] m evid5t ?an at su* a "t & 9 su* a place1 & ! psy*ology ( ! />s is !n mo/ /rongly felt4 ,:5 ! e>? is lock$ fa/ 9 ! bonds ( w9t] ! sp>kl+ heav5s seem mo/ alive4 ,i w\ld h1 if x 7 possible1 a clump ( d>k p9es or hemlocks ne> ! place ( obs]vation1 ?r[+ _! %ad[s on ! sn[1 :ile ,sirius 9 all its wild beauty blaz$ above !m1 & ,aldeb>an1 ,rigel1 & ,betelgeuse fill$ ! vibrant air ab\t !m ) jewell$ lances ( prismatic light4 ,!n ! s\nd ( sleigh-bells 9 ! resonant atmosph]e w\ld seem an a]ial music %ak5 f ! sc9tillant sky1 & a lurk+ fox1 /eal+ f 8 d5 9 ! edge ( ! %ad[s1 w\ld appe> timor\sly consci\s ( ! spl5dor ov] 8 head4 ,! nocturnal animals "k a day m glori\s ?an ours1 b x is nev] s glori\s z :5 its multi-color$ rays spl9t] ^u cry/all$ hills at ! w9t] sol/ice4 ,n[ ! greate/ ( ! con/ellations reign 9 ! sky4 ,orion is high up 9 ! s\!a/1 & ar\nd him are array$ 8 brilliant att5dants & companions--t[>d ! we/ ,taurus1 ) ,aldeb>an & ! glitt]+ ,pleiades2 above1 ,auriga & ,gem9i dipp+ _! feet 9 ! ,milky ,way2 9 ! ea/1 ,canis ,m9or1 ) great1 /eady ,procyon1 & ,canis ,major proclaim+ 8 prec$5ce ) flam+ ,sirius1 ! ,k+ ( ! ,/>s4 ,we _c d bett] ?an beg9 ) ?is />ry mon>* & 8 con/ellation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t ,,iv--,,! ,,w9t] ,,ev5+ ,,sky ,to me ,sirius w always rema9 associat$ ) ! memory ( ,*ri/mas sleigh-bells & ! ?rill+ creak ( runn]s on crisp1 h>d sn[1 = x 0 dur+ a drive home f a 8,*ri/mas-tree0 9 a c\ntry *ur* t ,i fir/ made ! acqua9tance ( t imp]ial />4 ,x seem$ to me m brilliantly beautiful ?an any ( ! dazzl+ gifts t _h hung s magically on ! illum9at$ tree4 ,its spl5dor is une>?ly1 putt+ diamonds & sapphires to %ame4 ,h[ p c live & be happy )\t ev] gaz+ at su* an object surpasses ! und]/&+ ( any "o :o has once beheld & yield$ to its *>m4 ,! spl5dors ( ,aladd9's ,cave are = *ildr51 & fade 9 ! light ( advanc+ life1 b ^! glories ( ! univ]se are = m5 & wom51 & gr[ bright] ) ! ye>s4 ,! r5[n ( ,sirius is z anci5t z ! human race4 ,!re has nev] be5 a "t or a p 9 :i* or by :om x 0 n wor%ipp$1 rev]5c$1 & admir$4 ,to ! build]s ( ! ,egyptian temples & pyramids x 0 an object z famili> z ! sun itself4 ,its "n is usually reg>d$ z be+ d]iv$ f ! ,greek 1 ! 8,bright or ,%9+ ,"o10 b x is also ?\ght t x may be connect$ ) ,osiris4 ,! famili> title ( ! 8,dog ,/>0 comes f its association ) ! dies canicul>i ( ! ,romans4 8,z ! movable ,egyptian ye>10 says ,george ,cornewell ,lewis1 80 held to h orig9ally begun at ! heliacal ris+ ( ! ,dog ,/>1 :i* 0 contempor>y ) ! ord9>y comm5cem5t ( ! inundation ( ! ,nile1 ?is p]iod 01 by late writ]s1 entitl$ ! ,canicul>1 or ,so?iac1 p]iod1 ,so?is be+ ! ,egyptian "n = ! ,dog ,/>40 ,norman ,locky] id5tifies ,sirius ) ! goddess ,isis1 or ,ha?or1 :o 0 p]sonifi$ by t />1 & ! temple ( ,isis at ,d5d]a 01 he av]s1 built to wat* x4 8,x has be5 po9t$ out1 times )\t numb]10 he adds1 8t ! inscriptions indicate t by f> ! mo/ important a/ronomical ev5t 9 ,egyptian hi/ory 0 ! ris+ ( ! /> ,sirius at ?is precise "t40 ,sirius has sometimes be5 id5tifi$ ) ! 8,mazz>o?0 ( ! ,book ( ,job4 ,! great /> is wor?y ( all its fame1 n only by its magnific5t beauty1 b by ! revelations :i* mod]n sci5ce has af=d$ u conc]n+ x4 ,:ile n comp>able 9 actual lum9osity ) ,rigel1 ,canopus1 or ev5 ,arcturus1 x imm5sely out%9es ! be/ ( !m to our eyes because ( its relative ne>ness4 ,its di/ance is only ab\t #ej1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj miles 7p>allax #j4cg71 s t x is really "o ( ! ne>e/ />s 9 ! sky4 ,light requires ab\t n9e ye>s to come to u f ,sirius4 ,out%9+ ! sun at lea/ ?irty times1 x is s bright1 ev5 at t di/ance1 t a special rank has be5 giv5 to x 9 /ell> photometry4 ,=m]ly all v bright />s 7 rank$ z ( ! fir/ magnitude1 b great] exactness is n[ employ$1 ! nak$-eye />s be+ divid$ among eight magnitudes1 runn+ f #f up to -#a4 ,?us ! fa9te/ /> visible to ! nak$ eye is ( magnitude #f2 a /> #b4ea times bright] is ( magnitude #e2 a /> #b4ea times bright] ?an t is ( magnitude #d1 & s on up to magnitude #a4 ,a /> #b4ea times bright] ?an magnitude #a is ( magnitude #j2 & "o #b4ea times bright] ?an ! #j magnitude is ( magnitude -#a1 a degree ( brilliance :i* is atta9$ by ,sirius alone4 ,9 fact1 ,sirius exce$s magnitude -#a1 its real rank be+ -#a4f4 ,on ! same scale ! magnitude ( ! sun w\ld be -#bf4c4 ,! /&>d fir/ magnitude s usually tak5 z be+ repres5t$ by ! /> ,altair1 al?\gh t /> is n exactly ( t magnitude4 ,z a ready rule x may be said t ea* magnitude is two & a half times bright] ?an ! next bel[ x1 & a diff]5ce ( six magnitudes corresponds to an increase ( "o hundr$ times 9 brilliance4 ,sirius is ab\t t5 times z bright z ,altair4 ,:ile1 if se5 f ! same di/ance1 ,sirius w\ld appe> at lea/ ?irty times z bright z ! sun1 at our actual di/ance f bo? ! light receiv$ f ! sun is to t receiv$ f ,sirius 9 ! ratio ( ab\t #g1jjj1jjj1jjj to #a4 ,:ile by no means ! l>ge/ sun 9 ! univ]se1 ,sirius is ! l>ge/ sun 9 our "p ( space1 & "s indications h be5 detect$ t x may1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 control ! motion ( ! sol> sy/em4 ,9 o!r words1 our sun & "s ( ! ne>] />s appe> to =m a gr\p1 or family1 ( :i* ,sirius is probably ! *ief4 ,sirius is an int5sely :ite />1 b its :it5ess is %ot ) a t9t ( blue or gre54 ,x has n ! purity ( light ( ,spica4 ,ow+ also to its great brilliance1 x tw9kles incessantly1 d>t+1 9 an un/eady atmosph]e1 rays ( all ! colors ( ! ra9b[4 ,! spectroscope %[s t x is a sun at an e>li] /age ( developm5t ?an ours4 ,x is also a b9>y4 ,a v massive companion1 s+ul>ly fa9t = its size1 revolves r\nd x 9 a p]iod ( ab\t fifty-?ree ye>s4 ,at pres5t ! di/ance betwe5 ^! />s is m ?an #f4 ,! small /> is m ?an half z massive z ,sirius1 b t5 ?\s& times less brilliant--"o w\ld say a dy+ sun l9k$ by gravitation ) ano!r 9 ! heyday ( its life & spl5dor4 ,! con/ellation ,canis ,major1 ( :i* ,sirius is ! lead]1 is v /rik+ 9 outl9e :5 well above ! horizon4 ,"s six degrees we/ ( ,sirius is se5 ! second /> ( ! con/ellation1 ,beta 771 or ,murzim 7,arabic ,al ,murzim1 ! 8,ann\nc]071 a "n :i* ,idel] says orig9at$ 9 ! fact t ?is /> rises ahead ( ,sirius1 & ?us appe>s to ann\nce its com+4 ,! rema9d] ( ! con/ellation %\ld be view$ an h\r or two lat] ?an t = :i* ,*>t ,,iv is drawn1 or a mon? lat] 9 ! season1 :5 x is f>!r f ! horizon4 ,x repres5ts ! h9d-qu>t]s ( ! imag9>y dog4 ,! /> ,epsilon 771 or ,adh>a1 p]haps ! brighte/ 9 ! gr\p1 is a d\ble2 colors orange & violet2 di/ance #g4e4 ,! small] /> is ( only ! n9? magnitude4 ,delta 77 is call$ ,wez51 ! 8,weight10 because 8! /> seems to rise ) difficulty f ! horizon10 an excell5t in/ance ( ! fanciful titles :i* ! ,arabs & o!rs (t5 gave to />s4 ,zeta 77 is ,furud1 & ,eta 77 ,aludra4 ,! mean+ ( ^! names is unc]ta94 ,all5 says t ! ,arabs call$ ,epsilon1 ,delta1 ,eta1 & ,omicron 77 8,! ,virg9s40 ,b !y _h o!r names = !m sugge/$ by fanci$ resemblances z !y rose sp>kl+ f ! des]t4 ,f ,canis ,major ! eye rises to ,orion1 ! mo/ glori\s ( all con/ellations3 8,:oso k5s n him 9 cl\dless night ,gleam+ al(t1 %all ca/ 8 eyes 9 va9 ,to f9d a bright] sign 9 all ! heav540 ,br[n1 9 8 ,primitive ,con/ellations1 und]takes to d]ive ! "n f ! ,akkadian ,uru-anna1 ! 8,light ( ,heav540 ,:atev] its orig91 x is c]ta9ly v anci5t4 ,= "s ?\s&s ( ye>s x has be5 associat$ ) a traditional giant :o looms 9 ! backgr\nd ( ,greek my?ology4 ,9 ! classical atlases ( ! heav5s ,orion is repres5t$ z /&+ 9 an attitude ( defiance1 fac+ we/w>d1 br&i%+ a huge club above 8 head1 & lift+ 8 left arm1 cov]$ ) a lion's hide1 to meet ! *>ge ( ,taurus1 ! 8,bull40 ,& "u "s su* guise all mank9d has se5 him = untold ages--always a gigantic figure1 always h]oic 9 "*1 always defy+ or pursu+--! symbol ( /r5g?1 c\rage1 conque/1 & victory4 ,! same idea und]lies e repres5tation ( ?is con/ellation2 :e!r x be ! my?ical 8,giant0 ( ! ,ea/1 or 8,nimrod0 or 8,jo%ua0 or ! 8,arm$ ,k+0 or ! 8,w>rior0 or ! 8,hunt]10 x is inv>iably ! figure ( a do] ( great de$s :i* is pres5t$ to ! imag9ation4 ,& x mu/ be said t ! aspect ( ! con/ellation is 9 accord ) su* ?\ghts4 ,no "o c look at x )\t a /irr+ ( ! blood4 ,x has some?+ ( ! effect ( a great battle-piece1 & x is n surpris+ t !y once endeavor$ 9 ,france to connect x ) ! "n ( ,napoleon4 ,al?\gh its two *ief />s are sep>at$ "s eighte5 degrees1 & ! c5tral 8,belt0 =ms a /rik+ figure by itself1 yet !re is an unmi/akable unity ab\t ! con/ellation1 & "o w\ld h>dly ?9k ( divid+ x into sep>ate gr\ps4 ,s+ul>ly en\gh1 ?is s5se ( on5ess is borne out by ! photographic discov]y t a va/ swirl ( nebul\s matt] surr\nds ! entire con/ellation1 & by ! spectroscopic pro( t ne>ly all ( its />s belong to "o type1 :i* has become kn[n z ! 8,orion type40 ,p]haps ! fir/ feature ( ,orion t /rikes ! eye is ! arrangem5t ( ! ?ree ne>ly equal bright />s :i* =m ! ,belt4 ,_! ,greek-lett] names are ,delta1 ,epsilon1 & ,zeta1 & by ^! !y are usually designat$1 b !re is a great *>m 9 _! ,arabic titles1 :i*1 9 ! same ord]1 are ,m9taka1 8,belt02 ,alnilam 7f 8,/r+ ( ,pe>ls072 & ,alnitah1 8,girdle40 ,x w be obs]v$ t all ( ^! names h a simil> signification1 & probably ea* ( !m 0 orig9ally employ$ to designate ! :ole r[4#b ,! ,belt is rem>kable 9 ano!r way--x po9ts v ne>ly t[>d ,sirius2 x is l a glitt]+ signbo>d indicat+ ! position ( ! brighte/ /> 9 ! sky4 ,to ha/y obs]vation ! r[ seems to be p]fectly /raight1 al?\gh !re is 9 reality a slight b5d1 & ! di/ances sep>at+ ! ?ree />s appe> to be exactly equal4 ,! effect is z beautiful z x is surpris+4 ,bel[ ! ,belt hangs a fa9t] r[ ( />s con/itut+ ! 8,sword40 ,! c5tral /> ( ?is r[1 ,!ta 771 arre/s ! att5tion at once by a curi\s appe>ance ( nebulosity1 especially if x is exam9$ ) an op]a-glass4 ,a telescope %[s x to be envelop$ 9 "o ( ! gr&e/ nebul 9 ! sky1 ! celebrat$ 8,great ,nebula ( ,orion40 ,) a l>ge glass its appe>ance is a/oni%+ 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,in/ead ( be+ elongat$ l ! great nebula 9 ,&rom$a1 x is ab\t z broad z long1 ) no s+le c5tre ( cond5sation1 b _m curdl$ accumulations1 int]sp]s$ ) p>tial gaps1 & a great v>iety ( curv$ l9es ( bright] nebulosity1 sugge/+ ! mi/y skeleton ( "s nondescript mon/] impact ( phosphoresc5t cl\ds4 ,a l>ge numb] ( />s are scatt]$ ov] or ?r\gh x1 & "s ( !m seem cle>ly to be connect$ ) x1 z if creat$ out ( its sub/ance4 ,unlike ! ,&rom$a nebula1 ?is %[s only ! spectrum ( gl[+ gas1 s t no su* supposition z has be5 made 9 ! o!r case--viz41 t x may be an outside univ]se--is admissible "h4 ,x is r a *aos1 ri* ) ! elem5ts f ^: comb9ations spr+ suns & planets1 & :]e ! effects ( organiz+ =ces are j beg9n+ to become manife/4 ,x resembles a va/ ev]glade fill$ ) tangl$ vegetation & unc\? gr[?s1 b :]e ! f]tile soil1 once cle>$ & dra9$1 is capable ( produc+ an enorm\s h>ve/4 ,on ei!r side ( ! ,belt1 b f> remov$ f x1 %9e ! two great />s ( ,orion1 ,alpha 771 or ,betelgeuse 7f an ,arabic phrase mean+ ! 8,armpit ( ! ,c5tral ,"o071 & ,beta 771 or ,rigel 7f an ,arabic phrase mean+ ! 8,leg ( ! ,giant074 ,^! />s diff] rem>kably 9 color1 ,betelgeuse be+ orange-hu$1 & ,rigel :ite4 ,al?\gh ,betelgeuse takes prec$5ce 9 ! ,greek-lett] rank+1 x is v>iable 9 brightness1 sometimes exce$+ ,rigel 9 brilliance1 & sometimes fall+ bel[ x4 ,! *anges are unc]ta9 9 a long & z yet unasc]ta9$ p]iod4 ,!re is "h an opportunity = an amateur to make valuable obs]vations4 ,b su* obs]vations mu/ be cont9u$ ov] a consid]able p]iod ( ye>s4 ,bo? />s are ( imm5se actual magnitude4 ,_! di/ance is s great t no tru/wor?y e/imate ( _! p>allax has yet be5 made4 ,rigel 0 put by ,newcomb 9 8 8,,xm0 class1 to :i* we h sev]al times ref]r$4 ,x is )\t d\bt "o ( ! mightie/ suns 9 ! univ]se4 ,x is also a d\ble1 & "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! sky4 ,close to its flam+ rays ! telescope reveals a small1 int5sely blue />4 ,! di/ance is ab\t #i4e4 ,9 its g5]al aspect ,rigel resembles ,vega1 b ! latt] has a m decid$ blue t9t4 ,sci5tific photometry gives ! prec$5ce 9 brightness to ,vega1 :i* is rank$ z ( magnitude #j4a1 :ile ,rigel is #j4c1 :i* means t ! fir/ is "o-t5?1 & ! second ?ree-t5?s ( a magnitude bel[ ! #j rank4 ,x is v int]e/+ to br+ ,rigel & ,betelgeuse close toge!r ) a good sextant & !n note ! diff]5ce 9 _! color4 ,! /> ,gamma 771 or ,bellatrix1 ! 8,amazon0 or 8,female ,w>rior10 m>ks ! left %\ld] ( ! imag9>y giant4 ,a/rological sup]/ition connects ?is /> ) ! =tunes ( wom54 ,kappa 771 or ,saiph1 8,sword0 7al?\gh x is f> f ! ,sword71 is 9 ! "r knee ( ! figure4 ,! head is m>k$ by a little triangul> gr\p ( />s1 ! *ief ( :i* is ,lambda 771 a f9e d\ble1 yell[ & purpli%2 di/ance #d4e4 ,! 8lion's hide0 :i* ,orion is repres5t$ z c>ry+ on 8 left arm l a %ield is %[n by a b5d+ r[ ( small />s1 beg9n+ ) ,pi 77 & runn+ upw>d betwe5 ,bellatrix & ,aldeb>an 9 ,taurus4 ,! read] :o is n provid$ ) a telescope is advis$1 at lea/1 to employ an op]a-glass 9 sweep+ ov] ! :ole space includ$ 9 ,orion4 ,x is a region sup]b 9 its beauty & gr&eur4 ,ar\nd ! ,belt1 p>ticul>ly1 ! sky is fill$ ) sp>kl+ multitudes inf9itely v>i$ 9 size1 color1 & gr\p+4 ,z already said1 ?is "p ( ! firmam5t conta9s an enorm\s spiral nebula1 :i*1 al?\gh x c only be se5 9 photographs1 seems to manife/ its pres5ce to ! eye by ! significant arrangem5t ( small />s 9 curv+ l9es4 ,a ^w %\ld be add$ ab\t ! /> ,zeta1 or ,alnitah1 at ! s\!a/]n end ( ! ,belt4 ,x is a triple1 v rem>kable = ! indescribable color ( its second l>ge/ compon5t4 ,! ,russian a/ronom] ,/ruve c\ld f9d no?+ exactly resembl+ x 9 tone 9 ! :ole gamut ( spectral colors1 & he inv5t$ a special "n to describe x--olivacea-sub-rubicunda1 :i* may be translat$ 8ruddy-olive40 ,x is #b4e f its l>g] companion4 ,! ?ird /> is v fa9t1 & di/ant #ef4 ,:5 ! telescope is direct$ to ! /> ,sigma 77 !re comes into view an a/oni%+ d\ble gr\p ( />s1 among :i* su* colors z pale blue1 8grape-r$10 ruddy1 & 8gray0 h be5 detect$4 ,! effect ^u ! m9d ( see+ su* comb9ations ( t9t$ suns transc5ds all p[] ( description4 ,) ! feel+ ( pleasure t !y give goes a s5se ( /agg]+ wond]4 ,we/ ( ,orion1 beg9n+ ne> ,rigel1 is se5 ! con/ellation ,eridanus1 ! ,riv] ,po4 ,its />s are int]e/+ = _! pla9ly /ream+ t5d5cy r ?an = _! individual peculi>ities4 ,ris+ slightly f ! neighborhood ( ,rigel1 ! /ream runs 9 a graceful curve "u ,taurus1 & cont9ues we/w>d until x meets ,cetus1 :]e x turns d[nw>d t[>d ! horizon1 & !n sweeps back ea/w>d aga91 disappe>+ beh9d ! s\!rn horizon bel[ ,orion & ,lepus4 ,x has no l>ge /> visible 9 nor!rn latitudes1 b 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e x conta9s "o ( ! brighte/ />s 9 ! sky1 ,a*]n>1 ! 8,end ( ! ,riv]40 ,all ( ! anci5ts saw a riv] 9 ?is "p ( ! sky1 a fact :i* does n surprise ! obs]v] :5 he has once not$ ! arrangem5t ( ! />s ( ,eridanus4 ,its />s are s num]\s t ! old uranograph]s seem to h gr[n we>y ( atta*+ lett]s to !m2 or r1 p]haps1 ! alphabet 0 too %ort to answ] ! dem&1 = no less ?an n9e ( !m1 beg9n+ f ! "o ?us lett]$ 9 ,*>t ,v1 are call$ ,tau 771 z 1 1 1 etc4 7,= ! orig9 ( ! association ( ,eridanus ) ! ,riv] ,po1 & ) ! /ory ( ,phaeton1 see ,a/ronomy ) ! ,nak$ ,eye74 ,! con/ellation ,lepus1 ! ,h>e1 bel[ ,orion1 & m>k+ ! place :]e ,eridanus turns f9ally to fl[ into ! f> s\?1 is notewor?y only = its gr\p+s ( />s4 ,x conta9s "o /> too fa9t to be se5 ) ! nak$ eye ne> ! we/]n bord] ( ! con/ellation1 bel[ & to ! "r ( ! little gr\p "u ,rigel1 9 ,*>t ,v1 :i* is s int5sely crimson t ,h9d lik5$ its appe>ance to a blood drop4 ,we turn next to ,taurus4 ,on acc\nt ( ! beauty ( ,aldeb>an & ! ,pleiades1 ?is con/ellation h>dly falls beh9d ,orion 9 attractiv5ess4 ,aldeb>an 7,arabic ,al ,dab>an1 ! 8,foll[]07 is ! *ief /> ( ! con/ellation & ! lead] ( ! gr\p call$ ! ,hyades1 a "n :i* ,lewis d]ives f ! ,greek ^w 1 to ra91 because _! ris+ 0 connect$ ) ! beg9n+ ( ! ra9y season4 ,popul>ly ! gr\p is kn[n z ! 8,lett] ,a10 ^: =m x imitates1 al?\gh x is usually se5 ne>ly upside d[n4 ,! lett] ,v w\ld p]haps bett] repres5t our view ( x4 ,x is a glori\s sight ) an op]a-glass4 ,aldeb>an is di/9ctly r$1 b ( a peculi> tone1 :i* has frequ5tly be5 call$ rose-r$4 ,its r$ness is c]ta9ly unlike ! orange tone ( ,betelgeuse4 ,:5 gaz+ at x 9 a fanciful mood1 ,i h (t5 lik5$ x imag9atively to an apple-blossom 9 color4 ,flamm>ion has translat$ ! ,hebrew "n ( ?is />1 ,aleph1 z 8,god's ,eye40 ,taurus1 he says1 is ! mo/ anci5t ( ! signs ( ! zodiac1 ! fir/ t ! ,precession ( ! ,equ9oxes plac$ at ! head ( ! signs1 & he adds t obs]vational a/ronomy appe>s to h be5 f\nd$ at ! epo* :5 ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox lay close to ,aldeb>an--i4 e41 ab\t ?ree ?\s& ye>s be=e ! comm5cem5t ( our era4 ,! beauty ( ,aldeb>an1 ! s+ul>ity ( ! figure %ap$ by its att5dants1 ! *>m+ effect produc$ by ! flocks ( little />s1 ! ,deltas & ! ,!tas1 9 ! middle ( ! arms ( ! lett]1 & ! ri*ness ( ! /ell> gr\ndwork ( ! clu/]1 all comb9e to make ! ,hyades "o ( ! mo/ memorable objects 9 ! sky2 b no "o c describe x1 because ! />ry heav5s _c be put into words4 ,t]re/rial analogies1 & phrases appli$ to ?+s se5 on ! e>?1 utt]ly fail to convey ! impressions made by su* spectacles4 ,i c only aga9 urge ! read] to exam9e ! ,hyades ) a good op]a-glass on a cle> night :5 !re is no moonlight to int]f]e4 ,"s "o once said1 8,if y w\ld te/ y\r appreciation ( poetry1 read ,milton's ,lycidas02 s ,i w\ld say1 ,if y w\ld "k h[ y are affect$ by nature's ma/]pieces 9 ! sky1 look at ! ,hyades4 ,! />s ,!ta 77 & ,sigma 77 are bo? nak$-eye d\bles = %>p eyes4 ,try if y c see bo? ( ! pairs4 ,! ,hyades repres5t ! head ( ! imag9>y bull1 ,aldeb>an /&+ = ! eye1 :ile r[s ( />s runn+ up t[>d ,zeta 77 & ,beta 77 figure ! 8gold5 horns40 ,! ,pleiades1 ! 8,atlantid ,nymphs10 hang on ! %\ld]4 ,!y =m a mu* m compact gr\p ?an ! ,hyades1 & possess no l>ge />1 _! *ief brilliant1 ,alcyone--,eta77--be+ only ( ! ?ird magnitude4 ,b ! effect ( _! comb9ation is v /rik+ & beautiful4 ,9 look+ at !m "o c nev] refra9 f quot+ ,t5nyson's fam\s l9es 9 :i* !y are describ$ z glitt]+ 8l a sw>m ( fireflies tangl$ 9 a silv] braid40 ,! adjective silv]y exactly describes !m4 ,if y happ5 to glance at ! sky at a po9t _m degrees away f ! place :]e !y %9e1 y\r eye w inevitably be drawn to !m4 ,!y h great] attractive p[] ?an a s+le l>ge />1 & ! effect ( _! int]m+l$ rays is truly fasc9at+4 ,) an op]a-glass !y look l ! glimm]+ c&les on a ,*ri/mas-tree4 ,_! my?ological hi/ory & ! _m /range traditions p]ta9+ to !m ,i h describ$ else:]e1 & %all n repeat "h2 b x %\ld be said t !re is n 9 all ! sky any object comp>able ) ! ,pleiades 9 influ5ce ov] ! human imag9ation4 ,! fancy ( ,ma$l] t ,alcyone 0 ! c5tral sun ( ! univ]se1 & ! inf]5ce1 s popul> at "o "t1 t x might be ! v seat ( ! ,almighty1 h vani%$ 9 ! limbo ( baseless traditions2 b ! my/ic *>m ( ! ,pleiades has be5 increas$ by ! photographic discov]y t !y are involv$ 9 a wond]ful mass ( tangl$ nebul4 ,_! di/ance is unkn[n1 b evid5tly v great1 "s hav+ put x at #bej light-ye>s1 correspond+ to ab\t #a1dej1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj miles6 ,if ?is is correct1 ,alcyone may be really "o ( ! mo/ gigantic suns 9 ! univ]se4 ,!y appe> to be travell+ toge!r l a flock ( birds4 ,x is always an int]e/+ "q h[ _m />s 9 ! clu/] c be se5 ) ! nak$ eye4 ,_m p]sons c detect only six1 b bett]1 or m tra9$1 eyes see sev51 or ev5 n9e4 ,! telescope & photography reveal ?\s&s ?ickly spr9kl$ ov] ! space ( sky t !y occupy1 or imm$iately ar\nd !m4 ,h[ _m ( ^! are actually connect$ ) ! gr\p is unkn[n4 ,"o ( ! mo/ p]si/5t leg5ds ( antiquity is t ( ! 8,lo/ ,pleiad40 ,says ,miss ,cl]ke1 9 h] ,sy/em ( ! ,/>s3 8,t !y #87 sev5 :o n[ are six' is ass]t$ by almo/ all ! nations ( ! e>? f ,japan to ,nigritia1 & v>iants ( ! classical /ory ( ! #8,lo/ ,pleiad' are /ill repeat$ by sable leg5d-mong]s 9 ,victoria1 by headhunt]s 9 ,borneo1 by feti% wor%ipp]s amid ! mangrove swamps ( ! ,gold ,coa/4 ,an impression ?us widely diffus$ mu/ ei!r h spread f a common s\rce or orig9at$ 9 an obvi\s fact2 & x is at lea/ possible t ! veil$ face ( ! sev5? ,atlantid may typify a real loss ( light 9 a prehi/orically conspicu\s />40 ,! "n ,pleiades is d]iv$ f ! ,greek 1 to sail1 because _! heliacal ris+ occurr$ at ! "t :5 navigation op5$ 9 ! seas ( ,greece1 & _! heliacal sett+ at ! "t ( its close4 8444 ,rude w9t] comes ,j :5 ! ,pleiades beg9 to set40 ,b _! religi\s significance seems always to h exce$$ _! practical importance z a sign ( ! seasons1 & f ! temples on ! ,acropolis ( ,a!ns to ! sanctu>ies ( ,mexico1 ,yucatan1 & ,p]u !y 7 reg>d$ ) rev]5ce & awe4 ,mod]n popul> fancies h be5 less rev]5tial1 & ,alcyone & h] att5dants h be5 degrad$ to ! figure ( a 8h5 & h] *ick5s40 ,our r$-sk9n$ pr$ecessors on ?is cont95t 7 m poetical1 = !y saw 9 ! ,pleiades a gr\p ( lo/ *ildr51 & 9 old ,*9a !y 7 />ry si/]s busy ) _! ne$lework4 ,high ov]head1 above ,orion & ,taurus1 gleams ,capella1 ! *ief /> ( ! con/ellation ,auriga1 ! 8,*>iote]40 ,?is is also a :ite />1 b no correct eye w\ld confuse x ) ,rigel or ,vega4 ,x has none ( ! sapphire t9t t is m+l$ 9 _! rays1 b is r ( ! :it5ess ( cream4 ,x is a v great />1 n only 9 its app>5t brilliance1 b 9 actual lum9osity4 ,) a p>allax ( #j4ji1 ,newcomb calculat$ its lum9osity at "o hundr$ & tw5ty times t ( ! sun4 ,x is a spectroscopic b9>y1 ! invisible companion revolv+ r\nd x 9 a p]iod ( "o hundr$ & f\r days4 ,9 spectroscopic "* x closely resembles ! sun1 be+ 9 ! same /age ( developm5t4 ,vogel's obs]vations indicate t x is fly+ away f u at a spe$ ( m ?an a million & a qu>t] miles p] day2 b1 9 contradiction to ?is1 "s h ?\ght t x is increas+ 9 brightness4 ,a little elongat$ triangle ( />s bel[ & some:at to ! we/ ( ,capella s]ves to r5d] its recognition c]ta9 to ! beg9n] 9 />-gaz+4 ,9 ! ev5+s ( e>ly ,novemb]1 :5 "o is 9 ! nor!a/ & ! o!r 9 ! nor?we/1 x is int]e/+ to comp>e ,capella ) ,vega1 bo? 9 brightness & 9 color4 ,9 late ,janu>y ev5+s ,capella is ne> ! z5i? = ! middle latitudes ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & at su* times is a sup]b object4 ,! ,milky ,way p\r+ ?r\gh ,auriga increases ! beauty ( ! spectacle4 ,! second /> ( ,auriga1 ,beta 771 or ,m5kal9a1 ! 8,%\ld]10 is also a spectroscopic b9>y ) a p]iod ( only f\r days4 ,x 0 ! fir/ b9>y ( ?is class to be discov]$4 ,9 #ahhi ,pick]+ f\nd t its spectral l9es 7 d\bl$ e two days1 f :i* he inf]r$ ! duplicate "* ( ! /> & calculat$ ! p]iod ( revolution ( its compon5ts4 ,f>!r ea/ we see ,gem9i1 ! 8,tw9s40 ,x is a v beautiful con/ellation1 indep5d5tly ( ! brightness ( its lead]s1 ,ca/or & ,pollux1 or ,alpha 77 & ,beta 774 ,! feet ( ! imag9>y tw9s are dipp$ 9 ! ,milky ,way ne>ly above ! uplift$ club ( ! giant ,orion1 & close to ! summ] sol/ice4 ,! successive belts ( />s cross+ ! figures ( ! ,tw9s pres5t an attractive appe>ance4 ,ca/or1 al?\gh ! lit]al lead] ( ! con/ellation1 is n n[ z bright z its neighbor1 ,pollux4 ,a *ange ( brightness mu/ h tak5 place4 ,ca/or is a celebrat$ b9>y ) a p]iod ( ab\t "o ?\s& ye>s4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! two />s compos+ x is ab\t #e4e1 &1 bo? be+ bright1 !y c be sep>at$ ) small telescopes4 ,pollux is v ne> ! /&>d fir/ magnitude 9 brightness4 ,x has a slightly orange t9t 9 contra/ ) ! :it5ess ( ,ca/or4 ,l ,orion1 ,taurus1 & ,auriga1 ,gem9i (f]s spl5did fields ( />s = ! op]a-glass4 ,a clu/]1 ,m#ce1 n f> above ! place ( ! summ] sol/ice1 is an object ( r>e beauty :5 se5 ) a l[ telescopic p[]4 ,s\? ( ,gem9i %9es ! bright /> ,procyon 9 ,canis ,m9or1 ! ,less] ,dog4 ,?is />1 ^: "n implies ! 8,prec$]1 or ,ann\nc]1 ( ! ,dog10 because x rises a little ahead ( ,sirius1 is ! only bright /> ( its con/ellation4 ,x is int]e/+ = hav+ a dusky companion ^: exi/5ce 0 detect$ by ! effects ( its attraction be=e any telescope _h reveal$ x4 ,) ?is companion ,procyon =ms a b9>y sy/em ) a p]iod ( revolution ( ab\t =ty ye>s4 ,! /> ,beta 77 is nam$ ,gomeisa1 f an ,arabic ^w mean+ ! 8,dim ,"o40 ,procyon1 ,sirius1 & ,betelgeuse =m a magnific5t triangle1 ?r\gh :i* fl[s ! ,milky ,way4 ,we n[ return to ! we/]n "p ( ! sky1 :]e we see1 beyond ,eridanus1 ! va/ expanse cov]$ by ! con/ellation ,cetus1 ! 8,:ale40 ,! head lies on & ov] ! equator above ! we/]n b5d ( ,eridanus4 ,x is m>k$ by a /rik+ gr\p ( />s1 ( :i* ,alpha 771 or ,m5k>1 ! 8,nose10 is ! *ief4 ,! /> ,gamma 77 is a f9e d\ble2 colors yell[ & blue2 di/ance #b4e4 ,bel[ & t[>d ! we/ w be f\nd ,omicron 771 bett] kn[n by its popul> title ( ,mira1 ! 8,wond]ful40 ,9 "s respects ?is is ! mo/ extraord9>y ( all v>iable />s4 ,x excit$ great a/oni%m5t :5 its v>iations 7 fir/ record$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,mo/ ( ! "t x is entirely invisible to ! nak$ eye2 b once 9 ab\t t5 mon?s x beg9s to bright51 & 9 a few weeks becomes conspicu\s1 sometimes equall+ ! second magnitude 9 brightness4 ,!n x fades aga91 & 9 ab\t ?ree mon?s disappe>s f nak$-eye vision1 al?\gh x is nev] lo/ to ! telescope1 :i* foll[s x d[n to ! n9? magnitude1 at :i* x rema9s1 gl[+ r$ly1 = sev]al successive mon?s4 ,its v>iations are m or less irregul> bo? 9 p]iod & 9 brightness4 ,! causes are only conjectural4 ,ab\t all t we c say is t "h is a sun :i* once e t5 mon?s blazes up to a ?\s& or fifte5 hundr$ times its ord9>y brilliancy4 ,! imag9ation c "w its w ) su* a /> z t4 ,! we/]n "p ( ,cetus is m>k$ by a /rik+ gr\p ( />s %ap$ some?+ l ! b[l ( an upturn$ dipp] & by a lone1 bright /> /ill f>!r we/1 ,beta 771 or ,d5eb ,kaitos1 ! 8,tail ( ! ,:ale40 ,above ,cetus runs ! long l9e ( />s compos+ ! con/ellation ,pisces1 n[ ! lead] ( ! zodiac1 s9ce x conta9s ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox4 ,alpha 771 or ,al ,ris*a1 ! 8,cord10 because x m>ks ! ribbon imag9$ to b9d two fi%es toge!r by _! tails1 is directly "u ! />s m>k+ ! head ( ,aries1 to :i* we h already ref]r$4 ,x is a d\ble ( v s+ul> colors--gre5 & blue4 ,! di/ance is ab\t #c4f4 ,f ,al ,ris*a ! />s ( ! con/ellation /ream nor?w>d to ! figure ( ! ,nor!rn ,fi%1 ^: nose t\*es ,&rom$a1 & we/w>d to ! ,we/]n ,fi%1 :i* is situat$ "u ! ,great ,squ>e ( ,pegasus4 ,! extraord9>y t5d5cy ( ! />s ( ,pisces to run 9 /ream+ l9es has be5 spok5 ( 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! o!r />s & con/ellations n[ visible are already famili> to u4 ,b we turn aga9 = a mom5t to ,pol>is1 :i*1 be+ practically fix$ 9 ! sky1 c be se5 at any season4 ,i h ref]r$ to ! fact t ?is /> = a long s]ies ( c5turies has be5 a univ]sal guide to all ! inhabitants ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,9 t "* its hi/ory is no less romantic ?an practically important4 ,"o ( ! deepe/ impressions ( my *ildhood 0 produc$ by an acqua9tance ) a rem>kable man :o at t "t seem$ to me to be a mo/ wond]ful travell]1 s9ce he _h se5 ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 ! ,ev]glades ( ,florida1 ! ,dismal ,swamp ( ,virg9ia1 &1 accord+ to 8 /ory 7:i* no boy w\ld d\bt71 _h battl$ ) alligators & ta/$ ! delights ( vagabond life on ! great cotton plantations ( ! ,s\?4 ,i ?9k he 0 ! fir/ :o ev] po9t$ out ! ,nor? ,/> to me1 & he fir$ my imag9ation by tales ( its connection ) ! escape ( negro slaves--escapes 9 :i* he pr(ess$ to h play$ a "p4 ,_m long w9t] ev5+s he sat by my fa!r's fireside & fasc9at$ 8 he>]s ) n>ratives ( 8 adv5tures4 ,b no?+ int]e/$ me m ?an :at he said ( ! slaves foll[+ ! lead ( ! ,nor? ,/>1 ?r\gh ! d>kness ( tangl$ swamps1 among deadly moccas9s & lurk+ alligators1 always fix+ _! eyes ^u 8! />10 fall+ on _! knees to x z _! only fri5d & guide4 ,trembl+ at ! bay ( pursu+ bloodh\nds1 !y w\ld lie 9 concealm5t dur+ ! daylight h\rs1 & z soon z night came on w\ld look = _! cele/ial s5t9el1 & foll[ unque/ion+ly its indication ( ! way to fre$om4 ,h[ev] apocryphal ^! /ories may h be51 !y c]ta9ly _h a basis ( tru?1 & ! impressions !n produc$ ^u my m9d conc]n+ ! "* ( ,pol>is z ! sure fri5d ( ^? :o are lo/ & 9 tr\ble h rema9$ undimm$ 9 my memory4 ,:at a triumph w be t ( ! man :o fir/ visits ! nor? pole by night1 & sees t /> gleam+ directly ov] 8 head1 :ile all ! con/ellations solemnly circle ab\t x1 unre/+ & unsett+6 ,,footnotes3 #b ,x %\ld be said t ?r\gh\t ?is book ,i am indebt$ = _m ( ! translations ( /> names to ,ri*>d ,h9ckley ,all5's ,/> ,names & ,_! ,mean+s1 ! mo/ complete "w ( its k9d 9 exi/5ce4 ,v ,,! ,,planets ,! beg9n] w (t5 be tr\bl$ 9 8 obs]vations by ! pres5ce 9 "s con/ellation ( a brilliant object :i* out%9es all ( ! />s %[n 9 8 *>ts1 & is pla9ly an int]lop] among !m4 ,he may at once set ! /rang] d[n = "o ( ! planets--x may be ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 ,m>s1 or ,v5us1 or possibly1 if close to ! horizon1 ,m]cury4 ,uranus & ,neptune w n di/urb 8 equanimity1 = ! latt] is nev]1 & ! =m] seldom1 visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,practice w quickly enable him to di/+ui% a planet f ! true />s1 bo? by its great] app>5t size & by ! quality ( its light4 ,! planets d n tw9kle z d ! />s4 ,?is arises f ! fact t !y pres5t measurable disks :i* reflect ! sunlight1 b d n %9e ) a light ( _! own4 ,no /> %[s a real disk1 ev5 :5 view$ ) a p[]ful telescope4 ,! />s are m]e po9ts1 & ! l>g] & bett] ! telescope ! small] !y appe>4 ,?is is n to say t !y d n look bright] 9 a telescope1 = ! l>g] />s are dazzl+ :5 view$ ) a glass ( l>ge ap]ture2 b !y are s di/ant t ! mightie/ ( telescopes _c reveal _! real surfaces 9 ! =m ( disks4 ,! app>5t disks :i* !y pres5t are due entirely to irradiation1 & ! high] ! p[] ! small] ^! spuri\s disks appe>4 ,ano!r way 9 :i* ! beg9n] may id5tify a planet is by obs]v+ its motion4 ,no planet rema9s long 9 ! same position ) reg>d to neighbor+ />s4 ,!y all travel1 at v>y+ rates1 f we/ to ea/ ?r\gh ! sky4 ,b ?is motion is n con/ant1 & at times x is rev]s$4 ,9 ! cases ( ,m>s1 ,jupit]1 & ,saturn ! rev]sal is due to ! fact t :5 !y are 9 opposition to ! sun ! e>?1 be+ ne>] ! sun ?an !y are1 outfoots !m 9 ea/w>d motion1 s t !y appe> = a "t to move backw>d on _! orbits4 ,x is l a fa/ tra9 pass+ a sl[ "o on a p>allel track2 to an obs]v] on ! fa/ tra9 ! sl[ "o seems to be ei!r /&+ /ill or mov+ backw>d4 ,b ,m]cury & ,v5us1 be+ ne>] ! sun ?an ! e>? is1 h at times a backw>d motion :i* is real4 ,let u consid] !m only :5 !y appe> z 8ev5+ />s40 ,f 8sup]ior conjunction0 7i4 e41 ! po9t occupi$ by ! planet :5 x is on ! opposite side ( ! sun f ! e>?7 to 8greate/ ea/]n elongation0 7greate/ app>5t di/ance f ! sun 9 ! ev5+ sky7 bo? ,m]cury & ,v5us move ea/w>d among ! />s2 f 8greate/ ea/]n elongation0 to 8inf]ior conjunction0 7i4 e41 ! po9t occupi$ by ! planet :5 x is betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun7 !y move we/w>d among ! />s1 or1 9 o!r words1 approa* ! sun4 ,! motions ( ,m]cury & ,v5us are comp>atively swift1 p>ticul>ly t ( ! =m]4 ,few p]sons h ev] se5 ,m]cury1 because ( its ne>ness to ! sun4 ,:5 well se5 x is bright] ?an any fir/-magnitude />4 ,z an 8ev5+ />0 x appe>s 9 ! we/ imm$iately aft] sunset ab\t once e f\r mon?s 7m precisely once e #aaf days74 ,x rema9s )9 view ab\t tw5ty days1 b c be easily di/+ui%$ only = a week or s :5 x is ne>e/ ea/]n elongation4 ,e almanac gives ! dates ( its appe>ances4 ,v5us1 be+ f>!r f ! sun1 travels less rapidly4 ,x reappe>s 9 ! ev5+ sky once 9 e #ehd days1 gradually )draw+ f ! sun1 & gr[+ bright] until x rea*es greate/ ea/]n elongation1 :i* may be z mu* z =ty-sev5 degrees f ! sun1 aft] :i* x approa*es ! sun1 /ill becom+ bright] = sev]al weeks1 until at la/ x is lo/ 9 ! gl>e ( ! sunlight4 ,dur+ its excursions 9 ! ev5+ sky 7& ! same is true ( its morn+ app>itions71 ,v5us becomes ! mo/ brilliant object 9 ! />ry heav5s1 s brilliant1 9 fact1 t _m p]sons c h>dly be p]suad$ t x is n an artificial light1 or "s extraord9>y ph5om5on 9 space4 ,9 ! telescope x %[s 7z does ,m]cury1 also7 phases l ^? ( ! moon1 & :5 x is se5 9 ! =m ( a n>r[ cresc5t x becomes "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ objects imag9able4 ,= m details ab\t ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 & ! o!r planets1 ! read] may consult ,a/ronomy ) ! ,nak$ ,eye4 ,m>s1 ,jupit]1 & ,saturn are m likely to cause confusion to ! beg9n] by gett+ 8mix$ up0 ) ! />s ( ! con/ellations he is /udy+1 because !y travel all r\nd ! sky1 & may appe> 9 turn 9 ea* ( ! zodiacal con/ellations at any h\r ( ! night4 ,! zodiacal con/ellations are twelve 9 numb]--,aries1 ,taurus1 ,gem9i1 ,canc]1 ,leo1 ,virgo1 ,libra1 ,scorpio1 ,sagitt>ius1 ,capricornus1 ,aqu>ius1 & ,pisces--& !y lie 9 succession along ! c\rse ( ! ecliptic4 ,m>s is n rem>kably brilliant except :5 x is 9 opposition to ! sun1 :i* happ5s once e #ghj days2 b "s ( ! oppositions are mu* m important ?an ! av]age1 because !y occur :5 ,m>s is relatively ne> ! e>?4 ,?is planet is always di/+ui%able by its ruddy color4 ,9 case x is mi/ak5 = a />1 ! error c be correct$ by wat*+ x = a few successive nights1 :5 its motion w become cle>ly app>5t4 ,on ! av]age x moves ea/w>d ab\t half a degree p] day4 ,jupit]1 always v conspicu\s :5 9 view1 out%9es ev5 ,sirius1 ?\gh lack+ ! sc9tillation *>act]i/ic ( t great />4 ,its light has a slightly yell[i% t9t1 & is rem>kably /eady4 ,s9ce x requires ne>ly twelve ye>s to make a revolution r\nd ! sky1 ,jupit]'s motion is n imm$iately app>5t4 ,x rema9s = a long "t 9 any con/ellation 9 :i* x may be f\nd1 travell+ ea/w>d1 on ! av]age1 ab\t #e ( arc1 or "o-six? ( ! app>5t diamet] ( ! moon1 p] day4 ,9 a mon? x moves ab\t two & a half degrees4 ,saturn is yet m delib]ate 9 its movem5ts4 ,requir+ almo/ ?irty ye>s = a revolution1 x may rema9 m ?an two ye>s 9 ! same con/ellation1 & its real motion w only become evid5t ^u c>eful obs]vation cont9u$ = sev]al weeks4 ,! be/ way to recognize ! planets ) c]ta9ty is to look up _! positions ) ! aid ( ! ,am]ican ,ephem]is & ,nautical ,almanac1 publi%$ annually by ! ,gov]nm5t at ,wa%+ton4 ,!re ! "r asc5sions & decl9ations ( all ! planets are giv5 = any "t ( ! ye>4 ,hav+ ^!1 y may f9d on ! l>ge-scale *>ts ! approximate place ( ! planet s\ght1 &1 if y *oose1 indicate its position ) a p5cil-m>k4 ,! /udy ( ! planets1 ev5 )\t telescopic aid1 has a *>m h>dly less pot5t ?an t ( ! />s4 ,m]cury is fasc9at+ because ( ! difficulty ( see+ him 9 ! light ( twilight or dawn4 ,! anci5ts 7 greatly puzzl$ by 8 dodges1 & "s ( !m ?\ght t he 0 a d\ble p]sonality1 & gave him two names1 "o = 8 morn+ & ! o!r = 8 ev5+ app>itions4 ,) ! ,egyptians he 0 respectively ,set & ,horus1 & ) ! ,greeks ,apollo & ,h]mes4 ,! same 0 true ( ,v5us1 :o 0 ,phosphorus 9 ! morn+ & ,hesp]us 9 ! ev5+4 ,v5us1 aft] %e passes ! half-moon phase1 becomes s bright t %e simply ov]p[]s all />s 9 h] neighborhood4 ,h] spl5dor seems almo/ sup]natural1 & %e has frequ5tly be5 se5 at high noon1 a po9t ( int5se light burn+ 9 ! blue sky4 ,jupit]'s entrance into any con/ellation imm$iately alt]s its famili> aspect1 & he becomes its unque/ion$ lead]1 & rema9s su* until 8 sl[ ea/w>d motion c>ries him on to reign 9 ano!r qu>t] ( ! firmam5t4 ,he is nev] m impressive ?an :51 9 consequ5ce ( ! annual revolution ( ! heav5s1 he rises late "s night & takes ! l+]+ />-gaz] by surprise4 ,!n all ! /ell> ho/s t = h\rs h held ! wat*] spellb\nd cease _! incantation 9 ! pres5ce ( ?is great c\nt]-*>m]1 to ^: p[] !y1 too1 seem to b[4 ,al?\gh ,v5us at h] brighte/ out%9es ,jupit]1 %e lacks a c]ta9 maje/y :i* he alone possesses4 ,8 light is calm1 /eady1 insi/5t1 comm&+4 ,he does n look l a />1 b r a sup]/>4 ,if he beams at all1 x is n ! hurri$ sc9tillation ( ! tw9kl+ multitude ar\nd him4 ,ris+ ?r\gh a moi/ure-lad5 & w9d-swept sky1 :]e ! />s are l pulsat+ atoms1 %ak5 ap>t & scatt]$ 9 t9sel %[]s ( ra9b[ sp>ks1 he gl[s unflick]+1 recogniz+ ! a]ial tumult only by a deep5+ ( color :i* makes him ! m impos+4 ,z he m\nts ! heights ( ! sky he gleams ev] bright] & ev] /eadi]1 &1 ca/+ (f ! t>ni% ( ! horizon1 8 sup]em95t light gl[s ) a spl5dor t is amaz+4 ,if y h an eye t c detect "o or two ( ,jupit]'s moons hid+ close 9 8 rays1 y may boa/ ( y\r p[]s ( vision1 = t feat has be5 accompli%$ by v few human be+s4 ,humboldt he>d ( a ,g]man 8ma/] tailor0 :o c\ld d x4 ,!re are a few o!r cases on record4 ,mo/ p]sons _c see !m ev5 ) ! aid ( a /rong op]a-glass4 ,!re is a sup]/ition t !y c be se5 ) a look+-glass1 b x is only gho/ly reflections t are ?us p]ceiv$--p]haps z real z any o!r gho/s4 ,saturn1 al?\gh z bright z a fir/-magnitude />1 is some:at disappo9t+ z a nak$-eye object1 ow+ to ! relative dulness ( its light4 ,l ,jupit]1 x %9es ) great /ead9ess1 & a practis$ eye c\ld n mi/ake x = a fix$ />4 ,b its appe>ance )\t a telescope gives no h9t ( ! une>?ly beauty ) :i* x a/oni%es ! behold] :5 its r+s are r5d]$ visible4 ,n to h se5 ^? r+s at lea/ once 9 a lifetime1 z !y appe> 9 a p[]ful telescope1 is to h miss$ "o ( ! supreme spectacles ( creation4 ,m>s is nev] v brilliant except dur+ favorable oppositions1 :51 approa*+ )9 less ?an #dj1jjj1jjj miles ( ! e>?1 x hangs 9 ! midnight sky1 gleam+ r$ l a port5t ( disa/]4 ,! aspect ( ,m>s at su* times is truly al>m+4 ,x is surpris+ to see :at a quantity ( /a9$ sunlight a _w only ab\t f\r ?\s& miles 9 diamet] is able to reflect across s va/ a gap ( space4 ,! reason :y ! anci5ts connect$ ,m>s ) ! god ( w> is pla9 en\gh :5 he puts on 8 color4 ,close conjunctions ( ! bright planets are exce$+ly int]e/+ ph5om5a4 ,m>s & ,jupit] se5 toge!r :5 ! =m] is ne> "o ( its favorable oppositions make a sc5e ( /range beauty4 ,aft] long int]vals ( "t sev]al ( ^! great planets sometimes assemble 9 ! same qu>t]1 & su* conjunctions are always memorable occurr5ces4 ,! />s are =gott5 9 ! pres5ce ( ?is new con/ellation1 & yet ! t9ie/ ( ! sp>ks t seems to hide its light 9 ! dep?s beyond w\ld ma/] ^! great planets & make gravitational slaves ( !m1 z ! sun does4 ,! planets are s conspicu\s to our eyes1 because ( _! relative ne>ness1 t x is n easy = ! beg9n] 9 su* /udies to realize h[ insignificant !y actually are4 ,b suppose t "o c\ld fly l a _s away f ! e>? & ! neighborhood ( ! sun1 out into ! deeps ( int]/ell> space4 ,z he mov$ away ! planets w\ld seem to be swall[$ up1 "o aft] ! o!r1 9 ! sol> rays4 ,fir/ ,m]cury w\ld disappe>1 z if x _h fall5 into ! sun4 ,x w\ld be j l two neighbor+ lights :i* appe> to draw toge!r & bl5d into "o z ! obs]v] travels away f !m1 ! great] swall[+ ! less4 ,!n brilliant ,v5us w\ld g1 plung+ into ! great sol> furnace1 to be se5 no m4 ,next ! e>? w\ld foll[ 9 ! p]spective holocau/4 ,m>s w\ld seem to draw ne>] until he1 too1 disappe>$2 ,jupit] w\ld foll[2 !n ,saturn2 !n ,uranus1 & f9ally ,neptune4 ,:5 ! la/ planet 0 gone ! sun w\ld be se5 %9+ alone1 unatt5d$1 z if he _h nev] _h any planets4 ,?us x may be ) ! />s2 mo/ ( !m may h sy/ems ( planets circl+ r\nd !m1 b at our di/ance ^! planets are conceal$ 9 ! rays ( _! prim>ies4 ,"o w\ld n ne$ to g s f> away z ! />s 9 ord] to see ! sun app>5tly swall[ 8 planets1 z ,saturn 0 fabl$ to h swall[$ 8 *ildr54 ,b z "o approa*$ ! /ell> region1 ! sun itself w\ld become a m]e />4 ,fa9t] & fa9t] x appe>s1 glimm]+ & tw9kl+1 depriv$ ( its dom9ance1 /ripp$ ( its spl5dor1 a pitiful sp>k n[ in/ead ( an all-rul+ & bl9d+ mak] ( daylight1 until at la/ ! f> voyag] f ! e>?1 gaz+ ) 8 s\l 9 8 eyes1 /ra9+ 8 vision to ! utmo/ to hold t gl9t+ po9t cle> ( its fell[s1 = x is 8 sun1 sudd5ly1 z a mom5t>y film blurs 8 sight1 loses x1 & h5ce=? seek z he may among ! c\ntless ho/s t spangle ! firmam5t1 he w nev] aga9 f9d ! day-/> "u ^: *e]y beams he 0 born6 ,hidd5 9 ! ,milky ,way1 "o w\ld h no m *ance ( recogniz+ ! sun ?an ( f9d+ a p>ticul> gra9 ( s& on ! sea-%ore4 ,man physical is z insignificant z ! rock he dwells on & z ! eye-se>+ orb t lights him at 8 daily "w2 b man spiritual is z great z ! univ]se--& great]6 ,,app5dix ,,uranography ,,or ,,heav5ly ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*m5 ,_m read]s may be int]e/$ 9 see+ a li/ ( ! names giv5 to ! con/ellations :51 z m5tion$ 9 ! ,introduction1 ! />ry sky 0 8,*ri/ianiz$40 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ,julius ,s*ill]ius put =? 8 ,clum ,/ellatum ,*ri/ianum1 & ,jacobus ,b>ts*ius a cele/ial globe1 9 :i* all ( ! well-kn[n con/ellations receiv$ new & /rictly or?odox names4 ,un=tunately ! sponsors = ^! names did n always agree 9 _! *oice1 & a c]ta9 ,h>sdorfius 7:o may h be5 ! poet ,philip ,h>sdo]f]1 born at ,nuremb]g 9 #afjg7 add$ to ! confusion by fur!r v>y+ ! selection4 ,wilhelm ,s*ick>d also introduc$ v>iations4 ,9 ! foll[+ li/ ! fir/ ( ! 8,*ri/ian0 names giv5 is t *os5 by ,s*ill]ius1 :ile _! v>iants are due to ei!r ,h>sdorfius1 ,s*ick>d1 or ,b>ts*ius3 ,,aries--,/4 ,pet]--,abraham's ,ram4 ,,taurus--,/4 ,&rew--,! ,burnt ,sacrifice4 ,,gem9i--,/4 ,james ! ,eld]--,jacob & ,esau4 ,,canc]--,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/4 ,,leo--,/4 ,?omas--,! ,lion ( ,judah4 7,obs]ve t ! v>iants are g5]ally m imag9ative47 ,,virgo--,/4 ,james ! ,y\ng]--,! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,,libra--,/4 ,philip--,bel%azz>'s ,balances4 ,,scorpio--,/4 ,b>?olomew4 ,,sagitt>ius--,/4 ,mat!w--,i%mael4 ,,capricornus--,/4 ,simon4 ,,aqu>ius--,/4 ,jude--,naaman4 ,,pisces--,/4 ,ma?ias--,! ,gospel ,fi%es4 ,,ursa ,,m9or--,/4 ,mi*ael--,"o ( ,eli%a's ,be>s--,! ,wagon ( ,joseph4 ,,ursa ,,major--,/4 ,pet]'s ,fi%+-boat--,eli%a's o!r ,be>--,! ,*>iot ( ,elias4 ,,draco--,! ,innoc5ts--,! ,dragon ,inf]nal4 7,q a diff]5ce ( op9ion47 ,,bo,,tes--,/4 ,sylve/]--,nimrod4 ,,coma ,,b]5ices--,! ,sc\rge ( ,*ri/--,absalom's ,hair--,samson's ,hair4 ,,corona ,,borealis--,! ,cr[n ( ,?orns--,que5 ,e/h]'s ,cr[n4 ,,h]cules--,! ,?ree ,wise ,m5 ( ! ,ea/--,samson4 ,,lyra--,! ,savi\r's ,mang]--,david's ,h>p4 ,,cygnus--,! ,cross ( ,calv>y4 ,,cassiopeia--,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5--,ba?%eba4 ,,cepheus--,/4 ,/eph5--,solomon4 7,solomon seems a bett] *oice47 ,,p]seus ,,) ,,m$usa',s ,,head--,david ) ! ,head ( ,golia?--,/4 ,paul4 ,,&rom$a--,! ,holy ,sepul*re--,abigail4 7,! la/ rev]ses ,&rom$a's romance ) a v5geance47 ,,auriga--,jacob--,/4 ,j]ome4 ,,ophiu*us ,,et ,,s]p5s--,/4 ,b5$ict--,/4 ,paul & ! ,vip]4 7,! latt] v pat47 ,,sagitta--,! ,lance ( ,calv>y--,jona?an's ,arr[4 ,,aquila--,/4 ,ka?>9e--,! ,/&>d ( ,rome4 ,,delph9us--,! ,canaaniti% ,woman's ,pit*]--,levia?an4 ,,equuleus--,! ,my/ic ,rose4 ,,pegasus--,/4 ,gabriel--,j]emiah's ,k+ ( ,babylon4 ,,triangulum--,/4 ,pet]'s ,mitre--,emblem ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,,cetus--,/s4 ,joa*im & ,anna--,jonah's ,:ale4 ,,eridanus--,! ,r$ ,sea ) ,moses ,cross+ ,x--,! ,brook ( ,c$ron4 ,,orion--,/4 ,joseph--,jo%ua4 7,! la/ a good *oice47 ,,lepus--,gideon's ,fleece4 ,,canis ,,major--,tobias's ,dog--,/4 ,david4 ,,canis ,,m9or--,! ,pas*al ,lamb4 ,,argo ,,navis--,noah's ,ark4 7,inevitable67 ,,hydra--,! ,riv] ,jordan4 ,,crat] 7toge!r ) ,corvus7--,! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant4 ,,corvus 7accord+ to ,s*ick>d7--,elias's ,cr[4 ,,c5taurus--,abraham & ,isaac4 ,,lupus--,jacob4 ,,ara--,! ,alt> ( ,inc5se4 ,,corona ,,au/ralis--,david's ,cr[n--,solomon's ,cr[n4 ,,piscis ,,au/r9us--,! ,wid['s ,meal ,b>rel--,/4 ,pet]'s ,fi% ) ,money 9 ,its ,m\?4 ,,grus --,a>on4 ,,ph,,nix ,,indus --,job4 ,,pavo ,,apus ,,*ameleon --,eve4 ,,piscis ,,volans ,,triangulum ,,au/rale--,! ,cross ( ,*ri/4 7,at t "t ! ,s\!rn ,cross seems n to h be5 kn[n47 ,,dorado ,,t\can --,/4 ,raphael4 ,,hydrus ,! s\!rn con/ellations1 ,grus1 ,phnix1 ,indus1 ,pavo1 ,apus1 ,*ameleon1 ,piscis ,volans1 ,triangulum ,au/rale1 ,dorado1 ,t\can1 & ,hydrus1 7 all nam$ by ,bay] at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 s t ! revis]s 7 n upsett+ any antique leg5ds 9 giv+ !m m sacr$ names4 ,,lett]s ,,( ,,! ,,greek ,,alphabet ,,employ$ ,,9 ,,uranography --,alpha --,beta --,gamma --,delta --,epsilon --,zeta --,eta --,!ta --,iota --,kappa --,lambda --,mu --,nu --,xi --,omicron --,pi --,rho --,sigma --,tau --,upsilon --,phi --,*i --,psi --,omega ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t ,v--,,! ,,fir/ ,,six ,,h\rs ,,f ,,! ,,v]nal ,,equ9ox ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t ,,vi--,,f ,,vi ,h4 ,,to ,,xii ,h4 ,,f ,,! ,,v]nal ,,equ9ox ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t ,,vii--,,f ,,xii ,h4 ,,to ,,xviii ,h4 ,,f ,,! ,,v]nal ,,equ9ox ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t ,,viii--,,f ,,xviii ,h4 ,,to ,,xxiv ,h4 ,,f ,,! ,,v]nal ,,equ9ox ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t ,,ix--,,pol> ,,con/ellations ,,f ,,vi ,h4 ,,to ,,xviii ,h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>t ,x--,,pol> ,,con/ellations ,,f ,,xviii ,h4 ,,to ,,vi ,h4 ,,pronunciation ,,( ,,/> ,,& ,,con/ellation ,,names ,a*]n> 7-kr-nr7 ,albireo 7l-b-r-7 ,alcyone 7l-s--n7 ,aldeb>an 7l-db-r-n7 ,alg5ib 7l-n-ib7 ,alg5ubi 7l-en--b7 ,algieba 7l-j-b7 ,algol 7l-gol7 ,algorab 7l-g-rb7 ,alio? 7l--?7 ,alkalurops 7l-k-l-rps7 ,alnilam 7l-n-lm7 ,alnitah 7l-n-th7 ,almaack 7l-m-ck7 ,alphacca 7l-fk-k7 ,alph>d 7l-frd7 ,alph]atz 7l-f-rtz7 ,alris*a 7l-r-%7 ,alrucaba 7l-r-c-b7 ,altair 7l-tr or l--r7 ,aludra 7-l-dr7 ,&rom$a 7n-dm--d7 ,ant>es 7n-t-rz7 ,ant9\s 7n-tn--s7 ,aqu>ius 7-k-r-s7 ,aquila 7k-w-l7 ,arcturus 7rk-t-rs7 ,argo ,navis 7r-g -vs7 ,aries 7-rz or -r-s7 ,auriga 7w-r-7 ,bat5 ,kaitos 7b-tn kts7 ,bellatrix 7bl-l-trx7 ,b5etnas* 7b-nt-ns*7 ,betelgeuse 7bt-l-ooz or bt-l-gz7 ,botes 7bb--tz7 ,camelop>dalis 7cm---pr-d-ls7 ,canes ,v5atici 7c-nz vn-t--s7 ,canis ,major 7c-ns mjor7 ,canis ,m9or 7c-ns mor7 ,canopus 7cn--pus7 ,capella 7c-pl-l7 ,caph 7kff7 ,capricornus 7cp-r-kr-nus7 ,cassiopeia 7cs-s--p-y7 ,c5taurus 7cn-tw-rus7 ,cepheus 7-f-u or -fs7 ,cetus 7-ts7 ,coma ,b]5ices 7cm br--n-ss7 ,corona ,borealis 7c-r-n b-r--lis7 ,corvus 7c-vus7 ,crat] 7cr-t]7 ,cygnus 7s-nus7 ,delph9us 7del-f-nus7 ,d5eb 7d-eb7 ,d5ebola 7d-nb--l7 ,draco 7d-co7 ,dubhe 7db-h7 ,eltan9 7-t-nn7 ,equuleus 7-kwo-l-s7 ,eridanus 7-rd--nus7 ,fomalhaut 7f-ml-ht7 ,=nax 7f-naks7 ,gem9i 7jm--n7 ,gi$i 7j-d7 ,gi5ah 7j-nah7 ,gomelza 7g-ml-z7 ,hamal 7hm-al7 ,h]cules 7hr-k-lz7 ,hyades 7h--dz7 ,hydra 7h-dr7 ,lac]ta 7l-sr-ta7 ,leo 7l-7 ,lepus 7l-pus7 ,libra 7l-br7 ,lyra 7l-r7 ,maia 7m-y7 ,m>fak 7mr-fk7 ,m>kab 7mr-kb7 ,megrez 7m-grz7 ,m5kab 7mn-kb7 ,m5kal9a 7mn-k-l-nh7 ,m]ope 7mr--p7 ,mes>?im 7m-sr-?m7 ,m9taka 7m-t-k7 ,mira 7m-r7 ,mira* 7m-rak7 ,miz> 7m-zr7 ,monoc]os 7m-n-r-s7 ,murzim 7mr-zm7 ,ophiu*us 7-f--kus7 ,orion 7-r-n7 ,pegasus 7p--ss7 ,p]seus 7pr-s-s or pr-ss7 ,pisces 7p-sz7 ,piscis ,au/r9us 7pis-ss aus-t-nus7 ,pleiades 7p-d-z or pl-d-z7 ,pol>is 7p-l-s7 ,pollux 7pl-lux7 ,porrima 7pr-r-m7 ,prsepe 7pr-s-p7 ,procyon 7pr-s-n7 ,ras ,alge?i 7rs -g-?7 ,ra/aban 7rs-t-b7 ,regulus 7r--ls7 ,rigel 7r-l or r-jl7 ,sagitta 7s-jt-t7 ,sagitt>ius 7s-jt-t-r-s7 ,s*eat 7%e-t7 ,s*$> 7%d-dr7 ,scorpio 7skr-p-7 ,scutum ,sobieskii 7s-tm s-b--k-7 ,s]p5s 7sr-p5s7 ,sirius 7s--s7 ,spica 7sp-k7 ,taurus 7t-rs7 ,?uban 7?u-b7 ,triangulum 7tr---lm7 ,ursa ,major 7-s m-jor7 ,ursa ,m9or 7-s m-nor7 ,vega 7v-7 ,v9demiatrix 7vn-d-m--trx7 ,virgo 7v-g7 ,vulpecula 7vl-p--l7 ,wes5 7w-zn7 ,zavijava 7z-v-j-vh7 ,zub5elg5ubi 7z-bn-l-j5--b7 ,zub5es*emali 7z-bn-s-%e--l7 ,,index 8,a10 ! lett]1 #ajh4 ,a*]n>1 #ajg4 ,adh>a1 #ajj4 ,aft]noon ( ! ye>1 #gb4 ,albireo1 #fd4 ,al ,*iba1 #cc4 ,alcor1 #da4 ,alcyone1 #aaj4 ,aldeb>an1 #ajg et seq4 ,ald]am91 #ia4 ,aleph1 #ajh4 ,alfirk1 #ib4 ,alg$i1 #gh4 ,alg5ib1 #hf4 ,algieba1 #cf4 ,algol1 #hf4 ,algorab1 #cc4 ,al ,hiba1 #cc4 ,alio?1 #da4 ,all51 ,r4 ,h41 quot$1 #da1 #eg1 #fd1 #gj1 #gh1 #aja1 #ajb4 ,almaack1 #hb4 ,alnilam1 #ajb4 ,alnitah1 #ajb4 ,alpha ,&rom$1 #ab1 #ha4 ,aqu>ii1 #gg4 ,aquil1 #fe4 ,arietis1 #hc4 ,aurig1 #aaa4 ,botes1 #fg4 ,canis ,majoris1 #id4 ,canis ,m9oris1 #aac4 ,capricorni1 #gh4 ,cassiopei1 #hh4 ,c5tauri1 #fe4 ,cephei1 #ia4 ,ceti1 #aad4 ,corvi1 #cc4 ,cygni1 #fc4 ,draconis1 #de1 #dh4 ,gem9orum1 #aac4 ,h]culis1 #ei4 ,hydr1 #ce4 ,leonis1 #ce4 ,libr1 #gj4 ,lyr1 #dh1 #fa4 ,orionis1 #ajd4 ,pegasi1 #ha4 ,piscis ,au/r9us1 #ge4 ,piscium1 #aae4 ,scorpii1 #ed4 ,s]p5tis1 #eg4 ,tauri1 #ajg4 ,urs ,majoris1 #dj4 ,urs ,m9oris1 #df4 ,virg9is1 #bi4 ,alph>d1 #cd4 ,alph]atz1 #ab1 #ha4 ,al ,ris*a1 #aae4 ,altair1 #fe4 ,aludra1 #ajj4 ,am]ican ,ephem]is1 #abb4 ,&rom$1 #ab1 #ha4 ,ant>es1 #ed4 ,ant9\s1 #ff4 ,aonian ,dragon1 #cd4 ,aqu>ius1 #gg et seq4 ,aquila1 #fe4 ,aratus1 quot$1 #cj4 ,arctophilax1 #fh4 ,arcturus1 #dc1 #fg et seq4 ,argonautic ,exp$ition1 #cd4 ,aries1 #hc1 #hd4 ,auriga1 #aaa4 ,autumnal ,equ9ox1 #ga4 ,b>n>d1 ,e4 ,e41 quot$1 #ei4 ,beehive1 !1 #ch4 ,bell1 ,dr4 ,l\is1 quot$1 #ij4 ,bellatrix1 #aje4 ,belt ( ,orion1 #ajb1 #aje4 ,beta ,&rom$1 #ha4 ,aqu>ii1 #gh4 ,arietis1 #hd4 ,aurig1 #aab4 ,canis ,majoris1 #ajj4 ,canis ,m9oris1 #aac4 ,capricorni1 #gh4 ,cassiopei1 #hh4 ,cephei1 #ib4 ,ceti1 #aae4 ,corvi1 #cc4 ,cygni1 #fd4 ,gem9orum1 #aac4 ,leonis1 #cg4 ,libr1 #gj4 ,lyr1 #fc4 ,orionis1 #ajd4 ,pegasi1 #ha4 ,scorpii1 #ee4 ,tauri1 #aji4 ,urs ,majoris1 #dj4 ,urs ,m9oris1 #df4 ,virg9is1 #cb4 ,betelgeuse1 #ajd4 ,botes1 #dc1 #fi4 ,canc]1 #ch4 ,canes ,v5atici1 #db1 #fi4 ,canis ,major1 #ajj4 ,canis ,m9or1 #aac4 ,capella1 #dc1 #aaa4 ,caph1 #hh4 ,capricornus1 #gh4 ,c>man1 ,bliss1 quot$1 #bb4 ,cassiopeia1 #dg1 #hh4 ,ca/or1 #aac4 ,cepheus1 #ia4 ,cetus1 #aad4 ,*air1 ,cassiopeia's1 #hg4 ,*eops1 pyramid (1 #de4 ,*ri/ianization ( sky1 #ab4 ,cl]ke1 ,agnes ,m41 quot$1 #aaa4 ,coma ,b]5ices1 #ch4 ,con/ellations1 _! uses1 #ab1 #ac4 ,cor ,c>oli1 #db4 ,cor ,hydr1 #cd4 ,corona ,borealis1 #ff4 ,corvus1 #cb4 ,crat]1 #cc4 ,crete1 discov]ies 91 #fb4 ,cupid's ,arr[1 #hj4 ,cygnus1 #fc4 #fa ,cygni1 #fd4 ,dabih1 #gh4 ,dana1 ,r4 ,h41 quot$1 #gg4 ,delph9us1 #gi4 ,delta ,&rom$1 #ha4 ,canis ,majoris1 #ajj4 ,cassiopei1 #dg1 #hh4 ,corvi1 #cc4 ,orionis1 #ajb4 ,sagitt>ii1 #ef4 ,s]p5tis1 #eg4 ,urs ,majoris1 #dj4 ,virg9is1 #cb4 ,demon />1 #hf4 ,d5eb1 #fc4 ,d5eb ,kaitos1 #aae4 ,d5ebola1 #cg et seq4 ,dipp] 9 ,sagitt>ius1 #ef4 ,dipp]s1 !1 #bi4 ,discipl9e 9 ! sky1 #i4 ,donati's comet1 #fi4 ,draco1 #dd et seq4 ,dream ( ! univ]se1 #ia4 ,dubhe1 #da4 ,dur*mu/]ungs1 #ab4 ,eltan91 #df4 ,em]son1 ,r4 ,w41 quot$1 #bb1 #ec1 #fa4 ,epsilon ,canis ,majoris1 #ajj4 ,botes1 #fi4 ,lyr1 #fc4 ,orionis1 #ajb4 ,pegasi1 #ha4 ,s]p5tis1 #eg4 ,urs ,majoris1 #dj4 ,virg9is1 #cb4 ,equator1 #ac4 ,equ9octial colure1 #hh4 ,equ9octial /orms1 #ga4 ,equ9oxes1 #ac4 ,eridanus1 #ajf4 ,esculapius1 #eg4 ,eta ,cassiopei1 #hi4 ,canis ,majoris1 #ajj4 ,eta ,tauri1 #ajg4 ,expectancy ( a/ronom]s1 #bg4 ,feet ( ,ursa ,major1 #db4 ,field ( ! nebul1 #cb4 ,flamm>ion1 quot$1 #ajh4 ,fomalhaut1 #ge4 ,furud1 #ajj4 ,galileo1 #ch4 ,gamma ,&rom$1 #hb4 ,aqu>ii1 #gh4 ,arietis1 #hd4 ,capricorni1 #gi4 ,ceti1 #aad4 ,corvi1 #cc4 ,draconis1 #df4 ,leonis1 #cf4 ,lyr1 #fc4 ,orionis1 #aje4 ,pegasi1 #hj4 ,virg9is1 #cb4 ,g>d5s ( ! sky1 #gb4 ,g>net />1 #ib4 ,gateway ( s\ls1 #ci4 ,gem9i1 #aac4 ,gemma1 #ff4 ,gi5ah1 #cc4 8,god's ,eye10 #ajh4 ,gomeisa1 #aad4 ,great ,be>1 #dj4 ,great ,dipp]1 #dj4 ,great ,squ>e ( ,pegasus1 #hj4 ,great ,ye>1 ,plato's1 #fb4 ,gre5wi* ( ! sky1 #ad4 ,halley's comet1 #fe4 ,hamal1 #hc4 ,ha?or1 temple (1 #df4 ,h]cules1 #ei4 ,hesp]us1 #abc4 ,hexagon ( ,orion1 #bh4 ,hole 9 ! sky1 #ei4 ,horus1 #abb4 ,hyades1 #ajh4 ,hydra1 #cd4 ,influ5ce ( ! />s1 #aj1 #ah1 #bb1 #bg1 #bi1 #ce1 #ci1 #dd1 #ec1 #fh1 #ge1 #ic1 #ajb1 #aaj1 #aaf4 ,isis1 #ig4 ,jason1 #cd4 ,job's ,c(f91 #gi4 ,job's ,/>1 #fh4 ,jupit]1 #aba1 #abc4 ,kappa ,cassiopei1 #ij4 ,orionis1 #aje4 ,k>nak1 #df4 ,ko*ab1 #di4 ,laconian ,key1 #hg4 ,lambda ,ophiu*i1 #eg4 ,orionis1 #aje4 ,language = cele/ial m>vels1 #fa4 ,le>n+ ! />s1 ease (1 #ag2 be/ season =1 #ic4 ,leo1 #ce4 ,lepus1 #ajg4 ,lewis1 ,g4 ,c41 quot$1 #be1 #ig4 ,libra1 #gj4 ,locky]1 ,norman1 quot$1 #ig4 ,longfell[1 ,h4 ,w41 quot$1 #ga4 ,lucky />s1 #gg1 #gh4 ,lyra1 #fa4 ,magellan ,cl\ds1 ,r4 ,h4 ,dana on1 #gg4 ,m>fik1 #eh4 ,m>kab1 #ha4 ,m>s1 #aba1 #abd4 ,mazz>o?1 #ih4 ,m$usa1 head (1 #hf4 ,megrez1 #da4 ,m5kal9a1 #aab4 ,m5k>1 #aad4 ,m]ak1 #da4 ,m]cury1 #abb4 ,m]idian1 #ac4 ,mes>?im1 #hd4 ,milky ,way1 #ag1 #ah1 #bg1 #ef1 #fd1 #gb4 ,m9taka1 #ajb4 ,mira1 #aad4 ,mira*1 #ha4 ,mirrors1 sky views by1 #ai4 ,mit*el1 ,g54 ,o4 ,m41 #ee4 ,miz>1 #da1 #dg4 ,morn+ ( ! ye>1 #ba4 ,moses & ! ,braz5 ,s]p5t1 #eg4 ,mukdim-al ,kitaf1 #ca4 ,murzim1 #ajj4 ,mut1 temple (1 #df4 ,my/]y 9 ! sky1 #eh4 #h ,m41 #ef4 ,names ( />s & travell]s1 #gf4 ,nautical ,almanac1 #abb4 ,nebul1 9 ,&rom$a1 #hb4 9 ,canes ,v5atici1 #fi4 9 ,lyra1 #fc4 9 ,ophiu*us1 #eh4 9 ,orion1 #ajc4 9 ,sagitt>ius1 #ef4 9 ,virgo1 #cb4 ,new /> ( #aija1 #ij4 ,nor!rn ,cross1 #fc4 ,nor!rn ,cr[n1 #ff4 ,nor? />1 #df1 #aaf4 ,novemb] meteors1 #cg4 ,nu ,scorpii1 #ee4 ,omicron ,ceti1 #aad4 ,ophiu*us1 #eg4 ,orion1 #aja et seq4 ,orion gr\p ( con/ellations1 #dj4 ,pe>l1 !1 #ff4 ,pegasus1 #hj4 ,p]seus1 #he4 ,phd1 #da4 ,phton1 #hd4 ,phosphorus1 #abc4 ,pi ,orionis1 #aje4 ,pisces1 #he1 #aae4 ,piscis ,au/r9us1 #ge4 ,planets1 !1 #aah2 app>5t swall[+ by sun1 #abe4 ,plato1 quot$1 #ci4 ,pleiades1 #aji et seq4 ,po9t]s1 !1 #db4 ,pol>is1 #df1 #aaf4 ,pole-/>s1 succession (1 #dh4 ,pollux1 #aac4 ,porrima1 #cb4 ,prsepe1 #ch4 ,precession ( equ9oxes1 #dg1 #hd4 ,procyon1 #aac et seq4 ,pul*]rima1 #fi4 ,ras ,alge?i1 #ei et seq4 ,ras ,alhague1 #eg4 ,reflection1 sky se5 by1 #ai2 suppos$ visibility ( ,jupit]'s moons by1 #abd4 ,regulus1 #ce et seq4 ,revelation ( ! />s1 #aj4 ,revolution ( ! pole1 #dh4 ,revolutions ( ! heav5s1 #af4 ,rho ,ophiu*i1 #eh4 ,ri*t]1 ,jean ,paul1 quot$1 #ia4 ,rigel1 #ajd4 ,"r ,asc5sion1 #ac4 ,ris+ />s1 attraction (1 #bi4 ,royal family ( sky1 #ge4 ,royal />s1 #ce4 ,ru*bah1 #hh4 ,sada*bia1 #gh4 ,sadalmelik1 #gg4 ,sadalsuud1 #gh4 ,sagitta1 #gi4 ,sagitt>ius1 #ef4 ,/4 ,paul & ! vip]1 #eg4 ,saiph1 #aje4 ,saturn1 #abb1 #abd4 ,s*eat1 #ha4 ,s*$>1 #hh4 ,scorpio1 #ee4 ,s]p5s1 #eg4 ,set1 #abb4 ,%akespe>e1 quot$1 #di1 #hj4 ,%]atan1 #hd4 ,%ield ( ,orion1 #aje4 ,sickle1 !1 #cg4 ,sigma ,tauri1 #aji4 ,sirius1 #id et seq4 ,smy?1 ,admiral1 quot$1 #cb4 ,sobieski's ,%ield1 #eg1 #fe4 ,sol/ices1 #ac4 ,sophocles1 quot$1 #fg4 ,s\!rn ,cross1 ,r4 ,h4 ,dana on1 #gg4 ,s\!rn ,fi%1 #ge4 ,spica1 #bi et seq4 ,/> colors1 #dd1 #hc1 #hi1 #ij4 ,/> magnitudes1 #ih4 ,/ream+ ( />s1 #ha1 #ajf4 ,/ruve inv5ts /> color1 #ajf4 ,summ] ,sol/ice1 #ej4 ,sword-h& ( ,p]seus1 #hf4 ,sword ( ,orion1 #ajc4 ,t5t1 !1 #cc4 ,!ta ,orionis1 #ajc4 ,!ta ,tauri1 #aji4 ,?ree ,guides1 !1 #hh4 ,?uban1 #de1 #dh4 ,toorus1 #ajg4 ,tropic ( ,capricorn1 #gi2 ( ,canc]1 #dj4 ,ty*o's />1 #ij4 ,ursa ,major1 #dj4 ,ursa ,m9or1 #df4 ,uru-anna1 #aja4 ,vega1 #dc1 #fa et seq4 ,v5us1 #abj1 #abc4 ,v]nal ,equ9ox1 #ba4 ,v9demiatrix1 #ca4 ,virg91 orig9 ( "n1 #cj4 ,virgo1 #bi et seq4 ,vulpecula et ,ans]1 #hj4 8,w10 ! lett]1 #hg4 ,wes51 #ajj4 ,:irlpool nebula1 #fi4 ,:itney1 ,pr(41 quot$1 #gh4 ,w9t] heav5s1 glories (1 #ic4 ,w9t] ,sol/ice1 #ic4 8,,xm0 class ( />s1 #ca1 #fd1 #ajd4 ,xavi] de ,mai/re1 quot$1 #hi4 ,ye>1 v>i\s beg9n+s (1 #be et seq4 ,zeta ,urs ,majoris1 #dj4 ,aqu>ii1 #gh4 ,canis ,majoris1 #ajj4 ,h]culis1 #fj4 ,orionis1 #ajb1 #ajf4 ,zodiac1 #hd4 ,zub5es*emali1 #gj4 ,zub5elg5ubi1 #gj4 ,,! ,,end ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,a few m9or errors 9 punctuation h be5 fix$4 ,9 ! section on pronunciation ( /> & con/ellation names1 comb9+ diacritics may display foll[+ ! lett] !y modify 9 c]ta9 fonts4 ,page #gi3 8m9imum visibile0 *ang$ to 8m9imum visible0