,,! ,,old ,,pa?s ,,! ,,old ,,pa?s1 ,,or ,,! ,,talmud ,,te/$ ,,by ,,scripture2 ,,be+ ,a ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,doctr9es ,,( ,,mod]n ,,judaism1 ,,) ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,moses ,,& ,,! ,,prophets4 ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,alex&] ,mc,c,a,u,l1 ,d4,d41 ,,late ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,div9ity1 ,,k+',s ,,college1 ,,london2 ,,& ,,late ,,preb5d>y ,,( ,,/4 ,,paul',s4 ,,london3 ,,london ,,society',s ,,h\se1 #af1 ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields4 #ahhj4 ,,to ,,! ,,"r ,,hon\rable ,,& ,,"r ,,rev]5d ,,*>les ,,james1 ,,"l ,,bi%op ,,( ,,london1 ,,etc41 ,,etc41 ,,^: ,,approbation ,,( ,,8 ,,lab\rs ,,has ,,be5 ,,an ,,enc\ragem5t ,,& ,a ,,rew>d1 ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,pages ,,are ,,respectfully ,,& ,,gratefully ,,inscrib$1 ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,adv]tisem5t ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition4 ,n9e ye>s h n[ elaps$ s9ce 8,! ,old ,pa?s0 appe>$ z a volume4 ,!y h be5 translat$1 9 ! meantime1 into ,hebrew1 ,g]man1 & ,fr5*2 & _! m]its discuss$ by ! le>n$ & unle>n$ ( ! ,jewi% p1 9 all ! c\ntries ( _! disp]sion4 ,! reception has 9 g5]al be5 fav\rable1 & ! effect ^u ! ,jewi% m9d p]ceptible4 ,s9ce _! fir/ appe>ance1 ! ,we/ ,london ,synagogue & ! ,liturgies ( ! ,briti% ,jews1 bo? r5\nc+ t :i* 8,! ,old ,pa?s0 pron\nc$ objectionable1 h />t$ into exi/5ce4 ,! assembl$ rabbies at ,brunswick & ,frank=t h discuss$ topics simil> to "s treat$ 9 8,! ,old ,pa?s10 & 9 "s cases come to simil> conclusions respect+ ! value ( ,rabb9ic ,traditions4 ,! ,re=m ,societies ( ,g]many h comm5c$ a =midable attack ^u ! ,oral ,law1 & a free discussion is n[ c>ri$ on 9 ! num]\s ,jewi% p]iodicals ( t c\ntry1 ( :i* ! results are easily =etold4 ,! promis$ ,g]man translation ( ! ,talmud1 if ev] complet$1 mu/1 )\t any discussion1 ov]?r[ ,talmudism4 ,its exhibition 9 any ,european language is ! mo/ fatal attack t c be made on its au?ority4 ,x ne$s only to be se5 z x is1 9 ord] to be reject$4 ,! read] is aga9 w>n$ aga9/ mi/ak+ ?is discussion ( ! m]its ( ,rabb9ism = an attack ^u ! ,jewi% p1 or ! rabbies ( ! pres5t day4 ,! reproa* atta*es n to ! victims1 b to ! au?ors ( tradition4 ,! ,jews are a great & a noble p1 & ! majority ignorant ( ! details ( ! sy/em1 by :i* !y h be5 b[$ d[n & misrepres5t$ = c5turies2 s ignorant1 inde$1 t "s zeal\sly und]take a def5ce ( ! :ole1 ma9ta9 t ,rabb9ism is a p]fect model ( *>ity & wisdom1 & reg>d 8,! ,old ,pa?s0 z a m]e emanation ( common ,anti-,jewi% prejudice4 ,su* p]sons are reque/$ to comp>e ^! pap]s ) ! articles 9 ! ,jewi% p]iodical1 entitl$1 8,d] ,israelit des ,neunzehnt5 ,jahrhund]ts10 writt5 by ,rabbi ,dr4 ,holdheim1 & o!r di/+ui%$ ,jewi% s*ol>s4 ,!y w !re f9d t1 _h ! au?or n be5 influ5c$ by a desire to avoid all occasion ( unnecess>y (f5ce1 tru? might h be5 /at$ ) m sev]ity4 ,a mi/ake 9 "o numb]1 n1 h[ev]1 affect+ ! argum5t1 has be5 correct$4 ,,adv]tisem5t ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,! read] w p]ceive1 by ! date at ! head ( ea* numb]1 t ! foll[+ pap]s 7 publi%$ weekly1 &1 f ! cont5ts1 he w readily inf] t !y 7 int5d$ = di/ribution among/ ^? ,jews :o /ill adh]e to ! rabb9ic sy/em4 ,b 9 pres5t+ !m to ! public z a volume1 x may be well to /ate t ! great object 0 to exhibit ,judaism z x appe>s 9 its practical work+s1 & t1 !re=e1 mo/ ref]5ces are made to ! ,jewi% ,pray]-book1 & to ! codes ( law commonly 9 use among/ rabb9ic ,jews1 & :i* are consid]$ z au?oritative4 ,x 0 ! ,au?or's wi%1 n to ridicule any man's sup]/ition1 b to in/ruct ^?1 :om ,moses & ! ,prophets w\ld h decl>$ to be 9 error4 ,he has !re=e1 c>efully avoid$ ! tone 9 :i* ,eis5m5g] & o!rs h treat$ ?is subject1 &1 9 treat+ ! ,jewi% leg5ds1 has conf9$ himself to ^? :i* are m5tion$ 9 ! pray]s ( ! ,synagogue4 ,! mat]ials are ! result ( _m ye>s' /udy & practical obs]vation4 ,buxtorf1 ,majus1 ,edz>d1 ,eis5m5g]1 ,wag5seil1 c41 h be5 c>efully consult$1 b ! ,jewi% ,liturgies1 ! ,arbah ,turim1 ! ,%ul*an ,aru*1 ! ,yad ,ha*asakah1 are ! pr9cipal s\rces1 :5ce ?is view ( ,judaism has be5 drawn4 ,! ,au?or has only to add a hope1 t ^! pap]s may n be misund]/ood1 ei!r by ,jew or ,*ri/ian1 b t all :o read !m w c>efully di/+ui% betwe5 ,judaism & ! ,jewi% p--& a wi%1 t !y may contribute to ! welf>e ( ,israel1 & ! promotion ( tru?4 ,,cont5ts4 ,i4 ,rabb9ism n a ,safe ,way ( ,salvation #a ,,ii4 ,implicit ,fai? n due to ! ,rabbies #h ,,iii4 ,rabb9ic ,inju/ice to ,wom51 ,slaves1 & ,g5tiles #af ,,iv4 ,rabb9ic ,intol]ance t[>ds o!r ,nations #bd ,v4 ,talmudic ,intol]ance contra/$ ) ! ,*>ity ( ! ,bible #cb ,,vi4 ,compulsory ,conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles #ci ,,vii4 ,! ,fea/ ( ,purim #dg ,,viii4 ,rabb9ic ,contempt = ! ,sons ( ,noah #ee ,,ix4 ,*ri/ians _c be reckon$ among/ ! 8,pi\s ( ! ,nations ( ! ,_w0 #fc ,x4 ,rabb9ic ,wa%+ ( ,h&s #gj ,,xi4 ,rabb9ic ,artifices respect+ ,leav5 at ! ,passov] #gi ,,xii4 ,! ,passov] a ,type ( ,future ,deliv]ance #hg ,,xiii4 ,sev]ity ( ! ,rabb9ic ,ord9ances #ie ,,xiv4 ,sev]ity & ,artifice #ajc ,,xv4 ,sabba? ,mixture #aaa ,,xvi4 ,intol]ance ( ,rabb9ic ,pray]s #aai ,,xvii4 ,rabb9ic ,leg5ds 9 ! ,synagogue ,s]vices #abg ,,xviii4 ,rabb9ic ,leg5ds1 cont9u$ #acf ,,xix4 ,leg5ds 9 ! ,pray]s = ,p5teco/ #add ,,xx4 ,leg5ds 9 ! ,pray]s = ,p5teco/ #aeb ,,xxi4 ,leg5ds 9 ! ,pray]s = ,p5teco/ #afj ,,xxii4 ,rabb9ic ,magic #afg ,,xxiii4 ,a/rology #age ,,xxiv4 ,amulets #ahc ,,xxv4 ,*>ms #aia ,,xxvi4 ,*>ms1 cont9u$ #aii ,,xxvii4 ,sabbatic ,laws #bjg ,,xxviii4 ,fa/ = ! ,de/ruction ( ! ,temple #bae ,,xxix4 ,sabbatic ,laws1 cont9u$ #bbc ,,xxx4 ,sabbatic ,laws1 cont9u$ #bca ,,xxxi4 ,rabb9ic ,excommunication #bci ,,xxxii4 ,new ,ye>'s ,day #bdg ,,xxxiii4 ,new ,ye>1 cont9u$ #bee ,,xxxiv4 ,new ,ye>1 cont9u$ #bfb ,,xxxv4 ,ju/ification #bgj ,,xxxvi4 ,day ( ,atonem5t #bgi ,,xxxvii4 ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles #bhg ,,xxxviii4 ,pray]s = ! ,dead #bie ,,xxxix4 ,almsgiv+ #cjb ,,xl4 ,prie/s & ,levites #caj ,,xli4 ,rabb9ic ,ideas ( ! ,deity #cai ,,xlii4 ,title ( ,rabbi #cbf ,,xliii4 ,sanh$r9 #ccd ,,xliv4 ,sanh$r91 cont9u$ #cdb ,,xlv4 ,sanh$r91 cont9u$ #cdi ,,xlvi4 ,contempt = ! ,female ,"* #ceg ,,xlvii4 ,polygamy #cfe ,,xlviii4 ,divorce #cgb ,,xlix4 ,rabb9ic ,laws conc]n+ ,meat #chj ,l4 ,! ,bir? ( ,messiah #chg ,,li4 ,slaught]+ ( ,meat1 cont9u$ #cif ,,lii4 ,laws conc]n+ ,meat ) ,milk #djc ,,liii4 ,rabb9ism oppressive to ! ,poor #daa ,,liv4 ,g5tile ,w9e #dai ,,lv4 ,m\rn+ = ! ,dead #dbg ,,lvi4 ,disp5sation f an ,oa? #dcd ,,lvii4 ,doctr9e ( ,oa?s1 cont9u$ #ddb ,,lviii4 ,m]itori\sness ( ,circumcision #ddi ,,lix4 ,cruelty to ! ,unle>n$ #deg ,,lx4 ,recapitulation #dfd ,no4 ,i4#a ,,rabb9ism ,,n ,a ,,safe ,,way ,,( ,,salvation4 ,,salvation ,,is ,,( ,,! ,,jews4 ,among/ all ! religions sy/ems exi/+ 9 ! _w1 !re are b two des]v+ ( att5tive consid]ation1 & !y are bo? ( ,jewi% orig91 & 7 once exclusively conf9$ to ! ,jewi% nation4 ,!y are n[ kn[n by ! names ( ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity2 b x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t ! latt] is z entirely ,jewi% z ! =m]4 ,! ,au?or ( ,*ri/ianity 0 a ,jew4 ,! fir/ prea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity 7 ,jews4 ,! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 all ,jews2 s t1 9 discuss+ ! tru? ( ^! respective sy/ems1 we are n oppos+ a ,g5tile religion to a ,jewi% religion1 b comp>+ "o ,jewi% cre$ ) ano!r ,jewi% cre$4 ,nei!r 9 def5d+ ,*ri/ianity1 d we wi% to dim9i% aught f ! privileges ( ! ,jewi% p2 on ! contr>y1 we c&idly ackn[l$ge t we are disciples ( ! ,jews1 conv]ts to ,jewi% doctr9es1 p>tak]s ( ! ,jewi% hope1 & advocates ( t tru? :i* ! ,jews h taught u4 ,we are fully p]suad$ t ! ,jews :om we foll[ 7 9 ! "r--t !y h po9t$ out to u 8! old pa?s10 8! good way10 & 8we h f\nd re/ to our s\ls40 ,& we1 !re=e1 consci5ti\sly believe1 t ^? ,jews :o foll[ ! opposite sy/em are z wrong z _! =efa!rs1 :o1 :5 ,god comm&$ !m to walk 9 ! good old way1 repli$1 8,we w n walk !re940 ,"s mod]n ,jews ?9k t x is impossible = a ,jew to be 9 error1 & t a ,jew1 because he is a ,jew1 mu/ ( necessity be 9 ! "r4 ,su* p]sons seem to h =gott5 h[ ! majority ( ! p err$ 9 mak+ ! gold5 calf--h[ ! g5]ation t came out ( ,egypt di$ 9 ! wild]ness because ( _! unbelief--h[ ! nation at l>ge actually oppos$ & p]secut$ ! tru? ( ,god 9 ! days ( ,elijah--h[ _! love ( error s5t !m into ! ,babyloni% captivity--& h[ !re has be5 "s griev\s error ( "s k9d or o!r1 :i* deliv]$ !m into ! h&s ( ! ,romans1 & has kept !m 9 a /ate ( disp]sion = s _m hundr$ ye>s4 ,b ! passage f :i* our motto is tak5 sets =? mo/ /rik+ly ! possibility ( fatal mi/ake on ! "p ( ! ,jewi% nation1 & also ! possibility1 9 su* a case1 ( ,god's turn+ to ! ,g5tiles4 8,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ,/& ye 9 ! ways1 & see1 & ask = ! old pa?s1 :]e is ! good way1 & walk !re91 & ye %all f9d re/ = y\r s\ls4 ,b !y said1 ,we w n walk !re94 ,also1 ,i set wat*m5 ov] y1 say+1 ,he>k5 to ! s\nd ( ! trumpet4 ,b !y said1 ,we w n he>k54 ,!re=e he>1 ye nations1 1 & "k1 ,o congregation1 :at is among !m4 ,he>1 ,o e>?2 behold1 ,i w br+ evil ^u ?is p1 ev5 ! fruit ( _! ?\ghts1 because !y h n he>k5$ unto my words1 nor to my law1 b reject$ x40--,j]4 vi4 #af-ai4 ,:o w d>e to d5y1 aft] su* a passage1 ! possibility ( a ,jew's be+ 9 error8 ,b "s may ask1 ,:at is ,judaism8 :at is ,*ri/ianity8 ,,answ]4--,judaism is t religi\s sy/em conta9$ & ackn[l$g$ 9 ! pray]s ( ! ,jewi% synagogue1 :e!r ,g]man or ,portuguese1 & pr(ess$ by all :o use !m z ! ritual ( _! wor%ip4 ,*ri/ianity is ! religi\s sy/em taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 or1 9 o!r words1 ,judaism is ! ,old ,te/am5t expla9$ accord+ to ! traditional law1 4 ,*ri/ianity is ! ,old ,te/am5t expla9$ accord+ to ! ,new4 ,accord+ to ?is explanation1 ! ,jewi% ,pray]-book tea*es ! div9e au?ority ( ! oral law4 ,( ?is !re c be no d\bt1 =1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! :ole ritual ( ! synagogue s]vice1 & ! exi/5ce & arrangem5t ( ! synagogue itself1 is accord+ to ! prescription ( ! oral law1 z may be se5 by comp>+ ! ,jewi% pray]s ) ! ,hil*o? ,t'phillah4 ,if x be ask$ :y ! ,jew uses ^! pray]s1 & no o!r--:y he we>s phylact]ies 77 & ! veil 77--:y he con=ms to c]ta9 c]emonies at ! ,new ,ye>1 & ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 & ! o!r fea/s--:y he repeats a c]ta9 b5$iction at ! read+ ( ! law--:y he reads out ( a p>*m5t roll1 r ?an out ( a pr9t$ book--:y a roll ( ! law writt5 9 "o way is lawful1 & 9 ano!r way unlawful1 ! only answ] is1 ! oral law comm&s u ?us to d4 ,! :ole synagogue wor%ip1 !re=e1 f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( ! ye>1 is a practical confession ( ! au?ority ( ! oral law1 & e ,jew :o jo9s 9 ! synagogue wor%ip does1 9 s f>1 con=m to ! prescriptions ( ,rabb9ism4 ,b1 secondly1 ! ,jewi% ,pray]-book explicitly ackn[l$ges ! au?ority ( ! oral law4 ,9 ! daily pray]s1 fol4 #aa1 is f\nd a long passage f ! oral law1 beg9n+1 1 8:i* are ! places :]e ! (f]+s 7 slaught]$10 c4 ,on fol4 #ab1 we f9d ! ?irte5 ,rabb9ical rules = exp\nd+ ! law1 beg9n+1 1 8,rabbi ,i%mael says10 c4 ,at ! end ( ! daily pray]s we f9d a :ole treatise ( ! oral law1 call$1 1 8! e?ics ( ! fa!rs10 ! beg9n+ ( :i* treatise ass]ts ! transmission ( ! oral law4 ,9 ! morn+ s]vice = ,p5teco/1 !re is a mo/ compreh5sive decl>ation ( ! au?ority & con/itu5t p>ts ( ! oral law4 8,he1 ! ,omnipot5t1 ^: rev]5ce is purity1 ) 8 mighty ^w he in/ruct$ 8 *os51 & cle>ly expla9$ ! law1 ) ! ^w1 spee*1 comm&m5t1 & admonition1 9 ! ,talmud1 ! ,agadah1 ! ,mi%na1 & ! ,te/am5t1 ) ! /atutes1 ! comm&m5t1 & ! complete cov5ant10 c41 p4 #hi4 ,9 ?is pray]1 z us$1 translat$1 & publi%$ by ! ,jews !mselves1 ! div9e au?ority ( ! oral law is explicitly ass]t$1 & ! ,talmud1 ,agadah1 & ,mi%na1 are po9t$ out z ! s\rces :]e x is to be f\nd4 ,= ^! two reasons1 !n1 we conclude t ! ,judaism ( ! ,jewi% ,pray]-book is id5tical ) ! ,judaism ( ! oral law1 & t e ,jew :o publicly jo9s 9 ^? pray]s does1 ) 8 lips at lea/1 confess its div9e au?ority4 ,hav+ expla9$ :at we mean by ,judaism1 we n[ g on to ano!r prelim9>y topic4 ,"s "o may ask1 :at is ! use ( discuss+ ^! two sy/ems8 ,may !y n bo? be safe ways ( salvation = ^? t pr(ess !m8 ,to ?is we mu/1 accord+ to ! pla9 decl>ations ( ^! sy/ems !mselves1 reply 9 ! negative4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t d5\nces ! oral law z subv]sive ( ! law ( ,god4 8,!n ! ,ph>isees & scribes ask$ him1 ,:y walk n ?y disciples accord+ to ! tradition ( ! eld]s1 b eat bread ) unwa%5 h&s8 ,he answ]$ & said unto !m1 ,well ha? ,esaias prophesi$ ( y hypocrites1 z x is writt51 ,?is p hon\re? me ) _! lips1 b _! he>t is f> f me4 ,h[beit 9 va9 d !y wor%ip me1 tea*+ = comm&m5ts ! doctr9es ( m540 7,m>k vii4 #e-g47 ,! oral law is /ill m exclusive4 ,x excludes f ev]la/+ life all :o d5y its au?ority1 & explicitly in=ms u t ,*ri/ians are compreh5d$ 9 ana!ma1-- 8,^! are !y :o h no "p 9 ! _w to come1 b :o are cut (f1 & p]i%1 & are condemn$ on acc\nt ( ! greatness ( _! wick$ness & s9 = ev]1 ev5 = ev] & ev]1 ! h]etics & ! ,epicureans1 & ! d5i]s ( ! law10 c4 ,"h is ! g5]al /atem5t4 ,b to prev5t all mi/ake1 a p>ticul> def9ition ( ea* ( ^! classes is add$1 f :i* we extract ! foll[+ passage3-- 8,!re are ?ree classes ( ! d5i]s ( ! law4 ,he :o says t ! law is n f ,god1 yea1 ev5 "o v]se or "o ^w3 or if he says t ,moses gave x ( 8 own au?ority4 ,su* an "o is a d5i] ( ! law4 ,?us1 also1 he :o d5ies its int]pretations3 t is1 ! oral law1 & rejects its ,agado? z ,sadok & ,bai?os3 & he :o says t ! ,creator has *ang$ "o comm&m5t = ano!r1 & t ! law has long s9ce lo/ its au?ority1 al?\gh x 0 giv5 by ,god1 z ! ,*ri/ians & ,mahometans1 ea* ( ^! ?ree is a d5i] ( ! law40--,hil*o? ,t'%uvah1 c4 iii4 #h4 ,9 ! fir/ extract we see t ^? p]sons call$ 8d5i]s ( ! law10 are1 accord+ to ! doctr9e ( mod]n ,judaism1 %ut out f a hope ( salvation4 ,9 ! second extract we see t ,*ri/ians are by "n includ$ 9 t class3 f ! two toge!r x inevitably foll[s t mod]n ,judaism tea*es t ,*ri/ians _c be sav$4 ,we d n f9d any fault ) mod]n ,judaism = pron\nc+ ?is s5t5ce2 we d n tax ! ,jews ei!r ) un*>itabl5ess or intol]ance because ( ?is op9ion4 ,on ! contr>y1 we hon\r ^? :o1 consci5ti\sly hold+ ?is op9ion1 h ! hone/y & ! c\rage to decl>e x4 ,if !y consid] u z d5i]s ( ! law1 !y mu/1 ( c\rse1 believe t our /ate is f> f safe2 & if ?is be _! conviction1 ! be/ pro( :i* !y c give ( true *>ity1 is to w>n u ( our dang]4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 :5 a religi\s sy/em condemns u by "n1 & pron\nces s5t5ce conc]n+ our et]nal /ate 9 s decid$ a tone1 & t simply because we diss5t f "s ( its t5ets1 we n only ?9k t we h a "r to def5d ourselves & our religion1 b consid] x our b\nd5 duty to exam9e ! gr\nds on :i* a sy/em ( su* pret5sion re/s1 & hone/ly1 ?\gh quietly1 to av[ our reasons = reject+ x4 ,we "k1 inde$1 t !re are "s ,rabb9ical ,jews1 :o ?9k ?is s5t5ce h>%1 & consid] !mselves ju/ifi$ 9 d5y+ x1 because !re is ano!r s5t5ce 9 ?is same oral law1 :i* says1 8t ! pi\s among/ ! nations ( ! _w h a "p 9 ! _w to come40 ,b c !y prove1 by any citation f ! oral law1 t ,*ri/ians are includ$ 8among/ ! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w80 ,if !y c1 !n !y w prove t 9 "o place ! oral law d5ies1 & 9 ano!r place affirms ! salvability ( ,*ri/ians2 t is1 !y w prove t ! oral law conta9s palpable contradictions1 & !re=e _c be f ,god4 ,if !y _c produce any su* citation1 !n ! g5]al decl>ation t 8! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w0 may be sav$1 is no?+ to ! purpose2 = ! same law :i* makes ?is g5]al decl>ation1 does also explicitly lay d[n ! p>ticul> exception 9 ! case ( ,*ri/ians1 & t aft] x has made ! g5]al decl>ation4 ,9 fact1 ! exception foll[s close on ! heels ( ! g5]al rule4 ,! g5]al rule is1-- 4444 8,all ,israel has a %>e 9 ! _w to come 444 & also ! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w h a %>e 9 ! _w to come40 ,! words :i* imm$iately foll[ ?is decl>ation conta9 ! exception1-- 8,b ^! are !y :i* h no "p 9 ! _w to come10 c4 ,?is exception is1 !re=e1 pla9ly made 9 ord] to gu>d aga9/ any false inf]5ce f ! g5]al /atem5t1 &1 !re=e1 accord+ to ! oral law1 ,*ri/ians _c be sav$4 ,we proce$1 !re=e1 to inquire into ! m]its ( ?is sy/em1 :i* makes s decid$ a /atem5t respect+ our et]nal /ate4 ,we h a /&>d ( comp>ison to :i* no ,jew w object1 ev5 t ,holy ,book1 :i* conta9s ! writ+s ( ,moses & ! prophets4 ,we reject ! oral law1 n because x seems 9 itself bad or good to our judgm5t1 b because x is repugnant to ! pla9 words ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,!re is n space to ent] at l>ge into ! pro( at pres5t1 b we subjo9 "o passage1 :i* is 9 itself amply suffici5t to disprove ! div9e au?ority ( any religi\s sy/em :]e x occurs4 ,9 ! ,talmud1 9 ! ,treatise ,pesa*im1 fol4 #di1 col4 #b1 we read z foll[s3-- ,rabbi ,eleaz> says1 8,x is lawful to split op5 ! no/rils ( an amha>etz 7an unle>n$ man7 on ! ,day ( ,atonem5t :i* falls on ! ,sabba?4 ,8 disciples said to him1 ,rabbi1 say r t x is lawful to slaught] him4 ,he repli$1 ,t w\ld require a b5$iction1 b "h no b5$iction is ne$ful40 ,x is h>dly ne$ful to rem9d ! read] t ! law ( ,moses says1 1 8,?\ %alt n kill40 ,b !re is 9 ?is passage a sne]+ contempt = ! unle>n$1 :i* is utt]ly at v>iance ) ! "* ( ,him 8^: m]cies are ov] all 8 works10 ! unle>n$ & ! poor1 z well z ! mighty & ! le>n$4 ,inde$ ! passage is s mon/r\s1 t "o is almo/ incl9$ to ?9k t x mu/ h crept into ! ,talmud by mi/ake2 or1 at ! lea/1 to expect t x w\ld be foll[$ by repreh5sion ! mo/ explicit & sev]e4 ,b no1 a little l[] d[n ano!r ( ^! 8wise m50 says1-- 1 8,x is lawful to r5d an amha>etz l a fi%20 &1 a little above1 an ,israelite is =bidd5 to m>ry ! daught] ( su* a p]son1 = t %e is no bett] ?an a bea/4 ,b ! :ole ( ! prec$+ passage is s *>act]i/ic ( ! _s ( ,rabb9ism1 t x is wor? ins]t+-- 1 8,our ,rabbies h taught4 ,let a man sell all t he has1 & m>ry ! daught] ( a le>n$ man4 ,if he _c f9d ! daught] ( a le>n$ man1 let him take ! daught] ( ! great m5 ( ! "t4 ,if he _c f9d ! daught] ( a great man ( ! "t1 let him m>ry ! daught] ( ! head ( a congregation4 ,if he _c f9d ! daught] ( ! head ( a congregation1 let him m>ry ! daught] ( an almon]4 ,if he _c f9d ! daught] ( an almon]1 let him m>ry ! daught] ( a s*oolma/]4 ,b let him n m>ry ! daught] ( ! unle>n$1 = !y are an abom9ation1 & _! wives are v]m92 & ( _! daught]s x is said1 #8,curs$ is he t lie? ) any bea/4'0 ,"h1 aga91 "o is incl9$ to suppose t !re is a mi/ake1 or t ^! words 7 spok5 9 je/1 ?\gh su* a je/ w\ld be intol]ably pr(ane2 b all gr\nd = su* supposition is remov$ on f9d+ ?is passage transcrib$ into ! dige/ ( ,jewi% law1 call$ ! ,s*ul*an ,aru*1 "p #b2 9 ! ,hil*o? ,p'riah ur'viah1 by :i* transcription x is /amp$1 ) all ! au?ority ( a law4 ,"h1 !n1 ! read] is l$ to ?9k1 t an amha>etz mu/ mean some?+ m & worse ?an an unle>n$ man--t x ought1 p]haps1 to be tak5 9 its lit]al signification1 8p ( ! l&10 & t x may ref] to ! idolatr\s & wick$ ,canaanites4 ,b ! common usage ( ! ,talmud =bids a supposition4 ,!re is a well-kn[n s5t5ce :i* %[s t ev5 a ,high ,prie/ might be an amha>etz3-- 1 8,a le>n$ man1 ?\gh illegitimate1 goes be=e a ,high ,prie/1 :o is an amha>etz40 ,"h ! amha>etz is pla9ly oppos$ to him t is le>n$4 ,& s1 on ! page ( ! ,talmud f :i* we h quot$ above1 we f9d ! foll[+ words3-- 8,an amha>etz is =bidd5 to eat ! fle% ( a bea/1 = x is said1 #8,?is is ! law ( ! bea/ & ! f[l4' 7,levit4 xi4 #df47 ,e "o t lab\re? 9 ! law1 x is lawful = him to eat ! fle% ( ! bea/ & ! f[l4 ,b = him :o does n lab\r 9 ! law1 x is =bidd5 to eat ! fle% ( ! bea/ & ! f[l40 ,accord+ to ?is passage an amha>etz is "o :o does n lab\r 9 ! /udy ( ! law2 & x be+ f\nd on ! v same page ) ! above mo/ revolt+ decl>ations1 x pla9ly %[s ! pr\d & haughty _s ( ! au?ors ( ! ,talmud1 & _! utt] contempt = ! poor1 ^: circum/ances preclude !m f ! advantages ( /udy4 ,b1 9 read+ su* passages1 ! "q naturally sugge/s itself1 to :i* ( ! two classes does ! poor ,jewi% population ( ,london belong8 ,!re mu/ be at ! lea/ hundr$s1 if n ?\s&s ( poor ,jews 9 ?is great city :o _c possibly devote !mselves to /udy4 ,among/ :om1 !n1 are !y to be class$8 ,among/ ! le>n$ 8 or among/ ! unle>n$ 8 ,are !y1 _! wives1 & daught]s1 z ! ,talmud says1 to be call$ an abom9ation1 v]m91 & comp>$ to ! bea/s8 ,or c a religion inculcat+ su* s5tim5ts proce$ f t ,holy ,"o :o is no respect] ( p]sons8 ,see "h1 ye *ildr5 ( ,abraham1 :om ! provid5ce ( ,god has plac$ among/ ! *ildr5 ( pov]ty1 & cut (f f ! advantage ( a le>n$ education4 ,y are n disciples ( ! wise1 nor ! great m5 ( ! "t1 nor heads ( synagogues1 nor almon]s1 nor ev5 s*oolma/]s4 ,y are q %ut out f ^! classes :om y\r ,talmudical doctors fav\r s highly4 ,see1 !n1 9 ! above passages1 :at ! ,talmud says ( y\rselves1 y\r wives1 & daught]s8 ,c y believe t ?is is ! law ( ! ,god ( ,israel8 ,c y ?9k = "o mom5t1 t ^! doctors knew 8! old pa?s10 8! good way80 ,if y d we mu/ assure y t we _c4 ,we r f9d x 9 t book1 :i* says1 8,bless$ is ! man t consid]e? ! poor & ne$y40 7,psalm xli4 #a47 ,& 9 t o!r book1 :i* speaks 9 ! same _s1 & says t 8,god ha? *os5 ! fooli% ?+s ( ?is _w to conf\nd ! wise2 & ! weak ?+s ( ?is _w to conf\nd ! ?+s :i* are mighty1 & base ?+s ( ! _w1 & ?+s :i* are n1 to br+ to n\ght ?+s t are2 t no fle% %\ld glory 9 8 pres5ce40 7#a ,cor4 i4 #bg1 #bh47 ,footnote #a3 ,publi%$ orig9ally ,janu>y #ae1 #ahcf4 ,no4 ,,ii4 ,,implicit ,,fai? ,,n ,,due ,,to ,,! ,,rabbies4 ,x appe>s f ! undisguis$ ackn[l$gm5ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t ! doctors & rabbies ( ! ,jews1 ! ,ph>isees1 & scribes1 7 ! implacable enemies ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & t !y 7 ! ma9 in/rum5ts 9 effect+ 8 dea?4 ,! mod]n ,jews consid] ?is fact z a suffici5t apology = _! rejection ( 8 claims to ! ,messiah%ip4 ,!y take x = grant$ t ! great & le>n$ m5 ( t day 7 also good m51 & t !y _h valid reasons = _! conduct4 ,!y ?9k if ,jesus ( ,naz>e? _h be5 ! true ,messiah1 t ! ,sanh$r91 ! great ,jewi% c\ncil ( ! "t1 w\ld h ackn[l$g$ him1 & conclude t1 z !y reject$ him1 he _c be ! true ,messiah4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t1 on ! contr>y1 acc\nts = _! unbelief by pla9ly tell+ u1 t !y 7 bad m52 & t !y 7 enemies to ! ,"l ,jesus1 because he told !m ! tru?1 & expos$ _! hypocrisy4 ,n[1 :i* ( ^! two repres5tations accords ) ! tru?8 ,7 ! scribes & ,ph>isees1 ^? great advocates ( ! oral law1 1 good m5 or bad m58 ,! read]s ( our fir/ numb] w be 9 "s degree qualifi$ to answ] ?is "q4 ,c\ld ^? be good m5 :o pr(anely talk$ ( ! lawfulness ( kill+ an unle>n$ man1 & :o contemptu\sly comp>$ ! wives & daught]s ( ! unle>n$ to 8v]m9 & bea/s80 ,if !y c\ld talk ) levity ( 8r5d+ l a fi%0 an unle>n$ man1 "o ( _! own bre?r5 :o _h nev] done !m any h>m1 :at 7 !y likely to d ) "o :o expos$ _! wick$ness1 & boldly told !m t !y by _! traditions made void ! law ( ,god8 ,! v fact1 t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 put to dea? by su* m51 is presumptive evid5ce1 t he 0 a good man1 & t 8 claims 7 j4 ,b1 h[ev] t be1 x is wor? :ile to inquire into ! *>ges1 :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t br+s aga9/ ^! le>n$ m51 & to see :e!r !y are sub/antiat$ by ! memorials ( _! "* & _s1 :i* !y !mselves h left u 9 _! laws4 ,"o ( ! *>ges pref]r$ aga9/ !m is1 t !y 7 ambiti\s m51 covet\s ( worldly hon\r1 & lov+ ! pre-em95ce4 8,b all _! works !y d to be se5 ( m52 !y make broad _! phylact]ies1 & enl>ge ! bord]s ( _! g>m5ts4 ,& love ! upp]mo/ rooms at fea/s1 & ! *ief seats 9 ! synagogues1 & greet+s 9 ! m>kets1 & to be call$ ( m51 ,rabbi1 ,rabbi40 7,matt4 xxiii4 #e-g47 ,n[1 is ?is *>ge true8 ,does ! oral law ju/ify ?is ass]tion1 or does x prove1 on ! contr>y1 t ! enemies ( ,jesus 7 humble1 pi\s m51 ^: piety s]ves z a w>rant = ! uprightness ( _! conduct 9 _! treatm5t ( ! ,"l ,jesus8 ,let ! read] judge f ! foll[+ laws :i* ^! m5 fram$ ) respect to !mselves4 ,9 ! fir/ place !y claim = !mselves m hon\r & rev]5ce ?an is due to a man's own p>5ts3-- 8,z a man is comm&$ to hon\r & fe> 8 fa!r1 s he is b\nd to hon\r & fe> 8 ,rabbi m ?an 8 fa!r2 = 8 fa!r has be5 ! means ( br++ him into ! life ( ?is _w1 b 8 ,rabbi1 :o tea*es him wisdom1 br+s him to ! life ( ! _w to come40 7,hil*o? ,talmud ,torah1 c4 #e47 ,?is g5]al rule is bad en\gh1 b ! p>ticul>s are /ill worse4 8,if a man %\ld see some?+ t 8 fa!r has lo/1 & some?+ t 8 ,rabbi has lo/1 he is fir/ to return :at 8 ,rabbi has lo/1 & !n to return t :i* belongs to 8 fa!r4 ,if 8 fa!r & 8 ,rabbi be oppress$ ) a load1 he is fir/ to help d[n t ( 8 ,rabbi1 & !n t ( 8 fa!r4 ,if 8 fa!r & 8 ,rabbi be 9 captivity1 he is fir/ to ransom 8 ,rabbi & aft]w>ds 8 fa!r unless 8 fa!r be ! disciple ( a wise man 7i4e41 le>n$71 9 :i* case he may ransom 8 fa!r fir/40 ,h[ fe>ful is ?is doctr9e6 ,a man is to see 8 fa!r1 ! au?or ( 8 exi/5ce1 ! gu>dian ( 8 infancy1 :o has lab\r$ = 8 support1 & wat*$ ov] him 9 ! h\r ( sickness1 he is to see ?is fri5d1 to :om1 "u ,god1 he owes ev]y?+1 p9+ away 9 ! bitt]ness ( captivity1 & yet1 :5 he has got ! means ( re/or+ him to lib]ty & 8 family1 he is to leave him /ill 9 all 8 mis]y1 & ransom ! ,rabbi2 :]e is ?is writt5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t8 8,hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m10 is !re ! fir/ comm&m5t t foll[s aft] our duty to ,god1 & ! fir/ movem5t ( natural affection4 ,b ?is ,rabb9ical doctr9e sil5ces ! voice ( nature1 & makes void ! law ( ,god4 ,:at is ! doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t "h8 8,if any provide n = 8 own1 & specially = ^? ( 8 own h\se1 he ha? d5i$ ! fai?1 & is worse ?an an infidel40 7#a ,tim4 v4 #h47 ,! disciples ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ nev] claim$ = !mselves any hon\r l ?is4 ,9 ! passage j cit$1 !y pla9ly decl>e t ! fir/1 9 ! circle ( duties to m51 is ! duty to our own fle% & blood4 ,& ! only case 9 :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t p]mits a deviation f ?is rule1 is t :]e ! same exception is made 9 ! law ( ,moses1 :5 love to p>5ts w\ld int]f]e ) love to ,god4 8,if any man come to me & hate n 8 fa!r & "m1 & wife & *ildr51 & bre?r5 & si/]s1 yea1 & 8 own life also1 he _c be my disciple40 7,luke xiv4 #bf47 ,"h fa!r & "m1 & k9dr$1 are put 9 "o category ) a man's own life1 9 ord] to %[ t !re is b "o case 9 :i* ! natural ties ( blood may be ov]look$1 & ?is is :5 ! s]vice ( ,god requires x4 ,z x is also writt5 9 ! law ( ,moses1 8,if ?y bro!r1 ! son ( ?y "m1 or ?y son1 or ?y daught]1 or ! wife ( ?y bosom1 or ?y fri5d :o is z ?9e own s\l1 entice !e secretly1 say+1 ,let u g & s]ve o!r gods1 :i* ?\ ha/ n kn[n1 ?\ nor ?y fa!rs4444 ,?\ %alt n cons5t unto him1 nor he>k5 unto him1 nei!r %all ?9e eye pity him10 c4 7,deut4 xiii4 #f-i47 ,& ?us ! tribe ( ,levi is prais$1 because 8,he said unto 8 fa!r & 8 "m1 ,i h n kn[n him2 nei!r did he ackn[l$ge 8 bre?r51 nor "k 8 own *ildr540 7,deut4 xxxiii4 #i47 ,b ?is ,talmudical law is widely diff]5t4 ,x has no sav+ clause to %[ t ! case specifi$ is an exception to ! g5]al rule4 ,x does n pret5d to suppose t ! fa!r is a bad man1 or an idolat]1 or an apo/ate4 ,x specifies b "o exception1 & t is1 :]e ! fa!r is 8! disciple ( a wise man20 o!rwise1 ?\gh he be a good man1 & a pi\s man1 a lov+ & t5d] p>5t1 /ill he is to be disreg>d$ by 8 own son1 & ! ,rabbi pref]r$ be=e him4 ,is x possible to d\bt t ! m5 :o conceiv$1 sanction$1 & promulgat$ a law l ?is1 _h an eye to _! own p]sonal hon\r & int]e/8 ,is x reasonable to suppose t m5 :o w\ld sacrifice _! own fa!r to ! hon\r ( _! ,rabbi1 w\ld be v t5d] ab\t ! life ( "o :o appe>$1 l ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 z an oppos] ( _! pret5sions8 ,or c ! ,jews1 ) ! law & ! prophets 9 _! h&s1 suppose t ^! m5 po9t$ to 8! old pa?s10 8! good way80 ,?is is c]ta9ly n ! doctr9e ( ,moses4 ,he says3-- 8,curs$ be he t sette? light by 8 fa!r or 8 "m1 & all ! p %all say1 ,am540 7,deut4 xxvii4 #af47 ,b ^! m5 did n /op "h4 ,!y 7 n cont5t ) be+ exalt$ above fa!r & "m4 ,!y did n scruple to ass]t1 t _! hon\r 0 z sacr$ z t ( ,god himself3-- 8,?\ mu/ consid] no hon\r great] ?an ! hon\r ( ! ,rabbi1 & no fe> great] ?an ! fe> ( ! ,rabbi4 ,! wise m5 h said1 ,! fe> ( ?y ,rabbi is z ! fe> ( ,god40 ,!y endeav\r to prove ! validity ( ^! extravagant claims by su* passages z ,exod4 xvi4 #h1 8,y\r murmur+s are n aga9/ u1 b aga9/ ! ,"l40 ,b !y h tak5 = grant$ :at !y c nev] prove1 & t is1 t e ,rabbi is inve/$ ) ! same (fice & au?ority z ,moses4 ,b :]e1 9 all ! law ( ,moses1 is !re any w>rant = su* an assumption8 ,moses c\ld ) all propriety say1 8,y\r murmur+s are n aga9/ u1 b aga9/ ! ,"l10 = he held a special commission f ,god1 & _h prov$ to ! p ! reality ( 8 commission by a s]ies ( miracles4 ,b ?is ! ,rabbies nev] pret5d$ to d4 ,9 ?is de>? ( evid5ce ! advocates ( tradition flee = refuge to ,deut4 xvii4 #h1 c4 8,if !re arise a matt] too h>d = !e 9 judgm5t1 betwe5 blood & blood1 betwe5 plea & plea1 & betwe5 /roke & /roke1 be+ matt]s ( controv]sy )9 ?y gates2 !n %alt ?\ arise1 & get !e up into ! place :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god %all *oose2 & ?\ %alt come unto ! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 & unto ! judge t %all be 9 ^? days1 & inquire1 & !y %all %[ !e ! s5t5ce ( judgm5t4 ,& ?\ %alt d accord+ to ! s5t5ce1 :i* !y ( t place :i* ! ,"l %all *oose %all %ew !e2 & ?\ %alt obs]ve to d accord+ to all t !y in=m !e2 accord+ to ! s5t5ce ( ! law :i* !y %all tea* !e1 & accord+ to ! judgm5t :i* !y %all tell !e1 ?\ %alt d2 ?\ %alt n decl9e f ! s5t5ce :i* !y %all %[ !e to ! "r h& nor to ! left40 ,"h1 say ! traditioni/s1 is a pla9 & unequivocal comm&4 ,no d\bt1 ,god "h pla9ly decl>es :at is to be done 9 a difficult case4 ,he comm&s ! ,israelites to g to ! place :i* ! ,"l ,god *ose1 t is1 to ! place :]e 0 f\nd ! ark ( ! cov5ant2 & to inquire1 n ( ! ,rabbies1 b ( ! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 & ! judge 4 ,b ?is passage1 in/ead ( prov+ t 8! fe> ( ! ,rabbi is z ! fe> ( ,god10 proves ! contr>y4 ,x supposes fir/1 t ! ,rabbies & le>n$ m5 may diff] 9 judgm5t1 t !re may be a controv]sy1 & consequ5tly1 t "o p>ty may be 9 ! wrong4 ,x1 !re=e1 effectually ov]?r[s ,rabb9ical infallibility4 ,x %[s t ^! le>n$ m5 are1 aft] all1 only poor fallible creatures l ourselves1 & t1 !re=e1 we are n to fe> !m z we w\ld fe> ,god1 nor rev]5ce _! dictates1 z ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,x %[s secondly1 t 9 a case ( difficulty1 ! ,israelites 7 n to appeal to ! ,rabbies1 b to ! prie/s 1 & to ! judge 1 & ev5 to !m only 9 ! place :i* ! ,"l %\ld *oose4 ,!re is n "o ^w said ab\t ! ,rabbies or ! wise m51 &1 !re=e1 ?is passage completely annihilates all _! l(ty pret5sions4 ,= c5turies ! place :i* ! ,"l *ose has be5 desolate1 & !re has be5 no prie/ /&+ to m9i/] be=e ! ,"l4 ,! ,jews h ?us lo/ all possibility ( appeal4 ,!y h nei!r m9i/]+ prie/ nor judge1 & ! ,mosaic law n[h]e recognises ! pret5sions ( ! ,rabbies4 ,b "s ,jew may say1 t ?\gh ?is passage does n prove ! au?ority ( ! ,rabbies1 x does at lea/ w>rant ! ,jews 9 p]si/+ to reject ! claims ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 = t he 0 condemn$ by ! prie/s1 & 9 ,j]usalem1 ! place :i* ! ,"l *ose4 ,we confess t ?is objection is plausible2 b c easily prove t x is no?+ m4 ,9 ord] to ?is1 we ask ! ,jews1 :e!r ! above comm& to abide by ! s5t5ce ( ! prie/s is 9 e case1 & )\t any exception1 b9d+8 ,to ?is "q !re are two answ]s possible--,yes & ,no4 ,if !y say ,no1 !n !y admit t ! prie/s might sometimes be 9 ! wrong1 & we w\ld1 ( c\rse1 take advantage ( ?is admission to %[ t !y err$ 9 _! judgm5t on ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,!y w !n1 mo/ probably1 say1 ,yes2 ! s5t5ce ( ! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 & ! judges1 is 9 e case b9d+1 & ,israel is comm&$ n to deviate f x1 ei!r to ! "r h& or to ! left1 ^u pa9 ( capital puni%m5t4 ,we beg ( !m !n to turn to ! #bf? *apt] ( ! ,prophet ,j]emiah1 & to consid] ! case !re set be=e !m4 ,we !re f9d t ,j]emiah _h deliv]$ a message f ,god1 v simil> to our ,"l's pr$iction ( ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 8,i w make ?is h\se l ,%iloh1 & w make ?is city a curse to all ! nations ( ! e>?40 ,we f9d1 fur!r1 t = ?is message ! prie/s condemn$ ,j]emiah to dea?1 j z _! successors condemn$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 8,n[ x came to pass1 :5 ,j]emiah _h made an end ( speak+ all t ! ,"l _h comm&$ him to speak unto all ! p1 t ! prie/s1 & ! prophets1 & all ! p took him1 say+1 ,?\ %alt surely die40 ,we f9d1 fur!r1 t ?is s5t5ce 0 pron\nc$ 89 ! place :i* ! ,"l _h *os510 9 ! ,temple itself4 8,& all ! p 7 ga!r$ aga9/ ,j]emiah 9 ! h\se ( ! ,"l40 ,we f9d1 fur!r1 t ! s5t5ce aga9/ ,j]emiah 0 no ra% sudd5 act1 b ! delib]ate judgm5t ( ! prie/s4 ,= :5 ! pr9ces ( ,judah came aft]w>ds to inquire into ! matt]1 8,!n spake ! prie/s & ! prophets unto ! pr9ces & to all ! p1 say+1 ,?is man is wor?y to die1 = he ha? prophesi$ aga9/ ?is city1 z ye h he>d ) y\r e>s40 ,n[1 !n1 we ask aga91 :e!r ! p ( ,israel 0 9 duty b\nd to abide by ?is s5t5ce1 & n to decl9e f x1 ei!r to ! "r h& or to ! left8 ,we fe>lessly reply1 t !y 7 n b\nd by ?is s5t5ce1 & t1 if !y _h execut$ x1 !y w\ld h be5 guilty ( murd]1 z ,j]emiah himself decl>es3 8,b "k ye = c]ta91 t if ye put me to dea?1 ye %all surely br+ innoc5t blood ^u y\rselves1 & ^u ?is city1 & ^u ! inhabitants !re(3 = ( a tru? ! ,"l ha? s5t me unto y to speak all ^! words 9 y\r e>s40 ,we inf]1 !re=e1 t x 0 possible = ! prie/s1 assembl$ 9 solemn delib]ation 9 ! h\se ( ! ,"l1 to err 9 judgm5t1 & to pron\nce on unrighte\s s5t5ce4 ,we inf]1 fur!r1 t x 0 possible = ! prie/s s f> to err1 z to condemn to dea? a true prophet ( ! ,"l4 ,we inf]1 fur!r1 t 9 su* a case ! p 0 n b\nd by ?is mi/ak5 judgm5t2 b t x 0 _! duty to decl9e f x1 bo? to ! "r h& & to ! left4 ,we inf]1 la/ly1 t z ! prie/s might mi/ake1 & unju/ly condemn to dea? a true prophet1 _! s5t5ce aga9/ ,jesus ( ,naz>e? =ms no m argum5t aga9/ ! ,messiah%ip ( ,jesus1 ?an ! simil> s5t5ce j consid]$ did aga9/ ! true prophetic "* ( ,j]emiah2 & t x af=ds j z little w>rant = ,jewi% unbelief z ! =m] s5t5ce did = putt+ ,j]emiah to dea?4 ,b x may be ask$1 if ! judgm5t ( ! prie/s 0 n infallible1 & if m5 7 sometimes ju/ifiable 9 refus+ x1 :at use 0 !re 9 ! above comm&m5t to apply to !m 9 cases ( difficulty1 & to abide by _! s5t5ce8 ,! answ] to ?is is v simple4 ,! prie/ t /ood to m9i/] be=e ! ,"l _h x 9 8 p[]1 be=e ! de/ruction ( ! fir/ ,temple1 to inquire ( ! ,"l & to receive a miracul\s answ] f ,god himself1 :i* answ] 01 ( c\rse1 infallible1 & univ]sally obligatory1 )\t ! possibility ( exception4 ,we f9d 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t _m in/ances 9 :i* ! ,israelites avail$ !mselves ( ?is p[]1 z 9 ,judges xx4 #bg1 8,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel inquir$ ( ! ,"l 7= ! ark ( ! cov5ant ( ,god 0 !re 9 ^? days3 & ,ph9ehas1 ! son ( ,eleaz>1 ! son ( ,a>on1 /ood be=e x 9 ^? days71 sav+1 ,%all ,i yet aga9 g out to battle aga9/ ! *ildr5 ( ,b5jam9 my bro!r1 or %all ,i cease8 ,& ! ,"l said1 ,g up2 = to morr[ ,i w deliv] !m into ?9e h&40 ,& 9 ! hi/ory ( ,david's life1 !re are sev]al in/ances ( 8 employm5t ( ?is miracul\s p[]1 z #a ,sam4 xxiii4 #d1 8,!n ,david inquir$ ( ! ,"l yet aga94 ,& ! ,"l answ]$ him & said1 ,arise1 g d[n to ,keilah2 = ,i w deliv] ! ,phili/9es into ?9e h&40 ,9 all su* cases :]e ! prie/ fir/ inquir$ ( ! ,"l1 8 s5t5ce 01 ( c\rse1 infallible1 & ! ,israelites 7 b\nd to abide by x4 ,b :]e !y did n inquire ( ! ,"l1 _! s5t5ce 0 only t ( fallible m51 &1 !re=e1 n b9d+ ^u ! consci5ces ( ! p4 ,( ?is sort 0 _! s5t5ce ^u ,j]emiah4 ,be+ wick$ m51 !y did n *oose to ask c\nsel ( ! ,"l1 b pron\nc$ s5t5ce accord+ to ! devices ( _! own he>ts4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ ! prie/s c\ld n ask c\nsel ( ! ,"l1 = 9 ! second ,temple ! ,urim & ,?ummim1 & ! ark ( ! cov5ant1 7 want+2 ! miracul\s p[]1 !re=e1 did n exi/1 & = ?is v reason ! s5t5ce ( ! prie/s1 dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( ! second ,temple1 0 only fallible1 l t ( o!r m51 &1 !re=e1 n b9d+1 & consequ5tly ( no =ce z an argum5t aga9/ ! ,messiah%ip ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! above passage1 !re=e1 f ! #ag? ( ,deut]onomy1 is ( no use to ! ,rabb9ical ,jews1 x does n prove ! infallibility ( ! prie/s 9 ! second ,temple1 & is /ill less applicable = sanction+ ! traditions ( ! oral law1 & ! extravagant claims ( ! ,rabbies4 ,hav+ giv5 ?is passage ! consid]ation x des]ves1 we n[ return to ! laws :i* ! ,rabbies h made 9 fav\r ( !mselves1 & = _! own hon\r4 ,we consid] t ! two passages ( ! oral law already quot$1 prove t ! ,new ,te/am5t gives a fair del9eation ( _! "*4 ,:5 m51 )\t any w>rant f ,god's ,^w1 claim = !mselves ! same degree ( rev]5ce :i* is due to ,god1 x mu/ be admitt$ t !y are va+lori\s & wick$ 9 no ord9>y degree4 ,b x is possible to desc5d to p>ticul>s3--,= in/ance1 our ,"l says1 t ^! m5 8lov$ greet+s 9 ! m>ket-places1 & to be call$ ( m51 ,rabbi1 ,rabbi40 ,n[ "o ( ! laws1 /ill extant1 =bids a man1 :5 speak+ ( 8 ,rabbi1 to call him by "n3-- 1 8,x is =bidd5 to a disciple to call 8 ,rabbi by "n1 ev5 :5 he is n 9 8 pres5ce40 ,ano!r law1 /ill extant1 prescribes ! =mula ( greet+ or salutation3-- 8,nei!r is he to salute 8 ,rabbi1 nor to return 8 salutation 9 ! same mann] t salutations are giv5 or return$ among/ fri5ds4 ,on ! contr>y1 he is to b[ d[n be=e ! ,rabbi1 & to say to him1 ) rev]5ce & hon\r1 ,peace be unto !e1 ,rabbi40 ,! ,rabb9ical ,jews1 :o see ?is1 mu/ n mi/ake u4 ,we d n consid] x 9 anywise s9ful1 b decor\s1 to treat a ,rabbi ) all due respect4 ,we %\ld feel no objection ourselves to make a b[ to a ,rabbi1 & to salute him 9 ! prescrib$ =mula4 ,b we cite ^! laws to %[ t ! ,new ,te/am5t gives a fair repres5tation ( ! ,ph>isees3 = m51 :o c\ld gravely sit d[n & ent] into all ^! details ( ! mode 9 :i* !y 7 to be hon\r$1 & !n give out ^! laws z div9e1 &1 besides all ?is1 call 9 ! civil p[] to en=ce !m1 mu/ h _h no mean idea ( !mselves & _! own dignity4 ,x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t ^! laws are n ! m]e regulations ( a religi\s community4 ,:5 ! ,rabbies _h ! p[] 9 _! own h&s1 !y en=c$ !m by civil sanctions4 ,!y 7 n satisfi$ ) exclud+ despis]s ( ,rabb9ical au?ority f et]nal life1 !y prosecut$ su* be=e ! tribunals1 & s5t5c$ !m to a pecuni>y f9e & excommunication1 z may be se5 f ! foll[+ law3-- 1 1 8,:osoev] despises ! wise m5 has no %>e 9 ! _w to come4 ,b not)/&+ ?is1 if !re come witnesses to prove t he has be5 guilty ( contempt1 ev5 9 words1 8 s5t5ce is excommunication1 & ! tribunal 7h\se ( judgm5t7 excommunicates him publicly1 & ev]y:]e mulct him 9 a p\nd ( gold1 & give x to ! wise man4 ,he t despise? a wise man 9 words1 ev5 aft] 8 dea?1 is to be excommunicat$ by ! tribunal10 c4 ,we n[ ask ! ,jews ( mod]n times :at !y ?9k ( ^? :o made _! own p]sonal hon\r ! subject ( legislation1 :o requir$ ! same rev]5ce = _! words z ! ,^w ( ,god1 & :o dragg$ up him t refus$ x be=e a tribunal1 _h him s5t5c$ to pecuni>y f9e1 & excommunication2 &1 besides all ?is1 exclud$ him f ! hope ( ev]la/+ life8 ,_h su* m5 any idea ( lib]ty ( consci5ce8 ,no4 ,,iii4 ,,rabb9ic ,,inju/ice ,,to ,,wom51 ,,slaves1 ,,& ,,g5tiles4 ,if any ( our read]s %\ld ?9k t ! design ( ^! pap]s is to repres5t ! oral law z a sy/em ( unmix$ evil1 we beg to assure !m t !y are mi/ak54 ,we are fully aw>e t a sy/em bas$ on ! law & ! prophets1 mu/ & does conta9 mu* t is good & wor?y ( admiration4 ,( ?is nature is ! g5]al comm& to all ,israelites to /udy ! law1 :i* is z foll[s3--8,e man ( ,israel is b\nd to /udy ! law4 ,:e!r he be poor or ri*1 heal?y or unheal?y1 "y or old1 yea1 ?\gh he live ^u alms1 & beg f door to door1 & ?\gh he h a wife & *ildr51 he is b\nd to set ap>t a fix$ "t = ! /udy ( ! law1 by day & by night1 z x is writt51 #8,?\ %alt m$itate !re9 by day & by night1'0 ,& aga91 ! maxim1 8,e "o t is b\nd to le>n is also b\nd to tea*20 & t1 8!re=e1 a man is b\nd to tea* 8 son & 8 son's son10 c41 is 9 accordance ) ! pla9 comm& ( ,god1 & is !re=e good4 ,b ! explanation & developm5t ( ^! good pr9ciples %[s t ! sy/em itself is radically bad1 & !re=e _c be f ,god4 ,no "o w d5y t ! ,rabbies are "r 9 ass]t+ ! obligation re/+ on e ,israelite to /udy ! law3 b !y are wrong 9 _! explanation ( :at ! law is4 ,imm$iately aft] ! above good comm&1 ! oral law goes on to say1 8,e "o is b\nd to divide ! "t ( 8 /udy into ?ree p>ts3 "o-?ird to be devot$ to ! writt5 law2 "o-?ird to ,mi%na2 & "o-?ird to ,gem>a30 s t ! writt5 law ( ,god is to h only half z mu* att5tion z ! traditions ( m54 ,?is is bad en\gh4 ,b ! ,rabbies d n /op "h4 ,!y g on to say1 t ?is ?ird ( att5tion is only requir$ :5 a man beg9s to /udy1 b t :5 he has made progress1 he is to read ! law ( ,god only at times1 & to devote himself to ,gem>a4 8,:at has be5 said ref]s only to ! beg9n+ ( a man's le>n+1 b z soon z a man becomes great 9 wisdom1 & has no ne$ ( le>n+ ! writt5 law1 or ( lab\r+ con/antly 9 ! oral law1 let him at fix$ times read !m1 t he may n =get any ( ! judgm5ts ( ! law1 b let him devote all 8 days to ,gem>a40 ,x is to be obs]v$ t 8oral law0 is "h tak5 9 a limit$ s5se1 z ref]r+ to ! expositions ( ! writt5 law1 or1 z ,rabbi ,joseph ,k>o#b expla9s x1 ! ,mi%na2 & ,gem>a signifies ! legal decisions :i* are inf]r$ by a process ( reason+1 & to ?is ?ird topic ( ,jewi% !ology ! ,israelites are comm&$ to give ! *ief ( _! "t & att5tion1 r ?an to ! writt5 ,^w ( ,god4 ,! app>5t excell5ce ( ! above comm& to /udy ! law is ?us utt]ly de/roy$ by ! ,rabb9ical exposition ( :at is to be /udi$4 ,& if we g on to inquire ^u :om ?is comm& is b9d+1 ! ,rabb9ical answ] w af=d j z little satisfaction4 ,:5 ! ,rabbies say1 t 8e man ( ,israel is b\nd to /udy ! law10 !y mean to limit ! /udy to ! m5 ( ,israel1 & to exclude ! wom5 & slaves4 ,! v fir/ s5t5ce ( ! ,hil*o? ,talmud ,torah is 1 8,wom5 & slaves & *ildr5 are exempt f ! /udy ( ! law40 ,accord+ to ?is decl>ation1 wom5 are n oblig$ to le>n4 ,! foll[+ extract w confirm ?is op9ion1 & at ! same "t %[ t !re is no obligation on fa!rs to h _! daught]s taught4 1 1 1 8,a woman :o le>ns ! law has a rew>d1 b x is n equal to ! rew>d :i* ! man has1 because %e is n comm&$ to d s3 = no "o :o does any?+ :i* he is n comm&$ to d1 receives ! same rew>d z he :o is comm&$ to d x1 b a less "o4 ,b ?\gh ! woman has a rew>d1 ! wise m5 h comm&$ t no man %\ld tea* 8 daught] ! law1 = ?is reason1 t ! majority ( wom5 h n got a m9d fitt$ = /udy1 b p]v]t ! words ( ! law on acc\nt ( ! pov]ty ( _! m9d4 ,! wise m5 h said1 ,e "o t tea*e? 8 daught] ! law is consid]$ z if he taught h] transgression4#c ,b ?is applies only to ! oral law4 ,z to ! writt5 law1 he is n to tea* h] sy/ematically2 b if he has taught h]1 he is n to be consid]$ z hav+ taught h] transgression40 ,accord+ to ?is decision1 x is absolutely =bidd5 to tea* a woman ! oral law2 & ! tea*+ ( x is look$ ^u z ! tea*+ ( transgression 4 ,we _c =be> ask+ ! advocates ( ! oral law1 :e!r x does n "h te/ify aga9/ itself t x is bad4 ,x decl>es ( itself t x is unfit = ! p]usal & /udy ( ! pure female m9d1 & t x is z corrupt+ z ! tea*+ ( transgression4 ,we ask1 !n1 c su* a law be div9e8 ,c x proce$ f ! ,god ( ,israel1 :o ha? said1 8,be ye holy1 = ,i am holy80 ,:at a noble te/imony to ! sup]iority ( ! writt5 ,^w1 & to ! ju/ice ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/'s opposition to ! oral law6 ,! oral law itself says1 8,he t tea*e? 8 daught] ! oral law1 is to be consid]$ z if he taught h] transgression4 ,he t tea*e? h] ! writt5 law1 is n to be s consid]$40 ,) su* a confession1 we fe>lessly ask ! sons & daught]s ( ,israel1 :o !n 0 9 ! "r8 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 :o oppos$ x1 or ! scribes & ,ph>isees :o def5d$ x8 ,b 8! wise m50 also =bid ,israelites to tea* wom5 ! writt5 law1 & decl>e t wom5 are n b\nd to le>n4 ,= ! prohibition !y assign two reasons4 ,fir/1 !y say t ,god has comm&$ !m to tea* only _! sons1 9 pro( ( :i* !y ref] to ,deut4 xi4 #ai1 8,& ye %all tea* !m y\r *ildr540 ,9 ! ,hebrew x is 8y\r sons20 & ! rabbies inf] 1 8& n y\r daught]s40#d ,secondly1 !y say1 z we h se5 above1 8t ! majority ( wom5 h n got m9ds fitt$ = /udy10 & 9 ! ,talmud#e ?is is attempt$ to be prov$ f ,scripture4 8,a wise woman once ask$ ,r4 ,eliez]1 ,h[ x 0 t aft] ! s9 ( ! gold5 calf1 ^? :o 7 alike 9 transgressions did n all die ! same dea?8 ,he repli$1 ,a woman's wisdom is only = ! di/aff1 z x is writt51 #8,all ! wom5 t 7 wise-he>t$ did sp9 ) _! h&s4'0 7,exod4 xxxv4 #be47 ,we hesitate n to say1 t bo? ^! reasons are contr>y to ,scripture4 ,we d n d5y t signifies sons1 b we utt]ly d5y ! conclusion ( ! ,rabbies1 t because ! mascul9e ^w is us$1 !re=e ! wom5 are n includ$ 9 ! comm&4 ,!re is an abundance ( in/ances 9 :i* ! mascul9e ^w is us$ = *ildr5 g5]ally1 )\t any allusion to sex4 ,take = example ,exod4 xxii4 #bc 79 ! ,engli% #bd71 8,& my wra? %all wax hot1 & ,i w kill y ) ! sword2 & y\r wives %all be wid[s1 & y\r *ildr5 7lit]ally y\r sons7 orphans40 ,"h aga9 ! mascul9e ^w is us$1 s t if ! ,rabb9ical argum5t be valid 9 ! above case1 x w be valid "h1 & consequ5tly ! daught]s are exclud$ f ?is d5unciation1 s t ! sons 7 to be orphans1 b n ! daught]s1 :i* is pla9ly impossible4 ,9 ! same way we c prove t ! daught]s ( ,israel did n w&] 9 ! wild]ness =ty ye>s1 = 9 ,numb]s xiv4 #cc1 x is said1 8,& y\r *ildr5 7lit]ally y\r sons1 &1 !re=e1 accord+ to ,talmudic logic1 n y\r daught]s7 %all w&] 9 ! wild]ness =ty ye>s40 ,! same logic w also prove t dur+ ! ?ree days ( miracul\s d>kness 9 ,egypt1 ! wom5 ( ,israel 7 left 9 d>kness z well z ! ,egyptians1 = x is said all ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7 1 lit]ally ! sons ( ,israel7 _h light 9 _! dwell+s4 ,& ?us also x might be prov$ t n "o ( ! t5 comm&m5ts is b9d+ ^u ! wom51 = ! mascul9e g5d] is employ$ ?r\gh\t4 ,?is logic1 !re=e1 is evid5tly false2 & we conclude1 on ! contr>y1 t z ! wom5 are includ$ 9 all ^! passages--z !y w&]$ ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 & _h light 9 _! dwell+s--& are b\nd to keep ! t5 comm&m5ts z well z ! m51 s also !y are includ$ 9 ! comm&1 8,ye %all tea* !m y\r *ildr510 & t1 !re=e1 ! comm& ( ! oral law n to tea* wom51 is contr>y to ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,b we are n conf9$ to argum5t1 ,god has pla9ly comm&$ t ! wom5 %\ld le>n z well z ! m54 8,& ,moses comm&$ !m1 say+1 ,at ! end ( e sev5 ye>s1 9 ! solemnity ( ! ye> ( release 9 ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 :5 all ,israel is come to appe> be=e ! ,"l ?y ,god 9 ! place :i* he %all *oose1 ?\ %alt read ?is law be=e all ,israel 9 _! he>+4 ,ga!r ! p toge!r1 m5 & wom51 & *ildr51 & ?y /rang] t is )9 ?y gates1 t !y may he>1 & t !y may le>n 1 & fe> ! ,"l y\r ,god1 & obs]ve to d all ! words ( ?is law40 7,deut4 xxxi4 #aj-ab47 ,"h a mo/ beautiful ord] is obs]v$1 & requir$ ( wom5 z well z m52 he>+--le>n+--fe>+--keep+ ! words ( ! law--,god wills t t wom5 %\ld fe> him & keep 8 comm&m5ts z well z ! m52 & !re=e he wills t !y %\ld make use ( ! same means1 t !y %\ld he>1 & le>n all ! words ( ! law4 ,! traditioni/s h1 !re=e1 9 ?is case pla9ly made void ! law ( ,god4 ,god comm&s wom5 z well z m5 to le>n ! law2 ! ,rabbies say !y are exempt f ?is duty4 ,god comm&s t ! woman %\ld be taught4 ,x is pla91 !re=e1 t ! oral law1 :i* contradicts ! writt5 law1 _c be f ,god4 ,! comm& ( ,god is s pla9 t x is unnecess>y to ent] deeply into ! second ,rabb9ical reason = ! prohibition to tea* wom5 ! law4 ,x is evid5t t ,god did n ?9k t ! pov]ty ( _! und]/&+ 0 any ob/acle to _! le>n+ 8 w4 ,inde$ x has pleas$ ,him to %[ t ,he is no respect] ( p]sons ) reg>d to male or female1 m ?an ) reg>d to ri* or poor4 ,he has n only giv5 !m 8 law1 b conf]r$ on wom5 z well z m5 ! gift ( prophecy1 s t ! names ( ,deborah1 ,hannah1 & ,huldah1 mu/ ev] be rememb]$ among/ ! inspir$ mess5g]s ( ,god4 ,! ,rabbies seem to h =gott5 t 8! fe> ( ! ,"l is ! beg9n+ ( wisdom10 & t ?is fe> may be implant$ by ,god j z easily 9 ! he>t ( a woman z ( a ,rabbi4 ,b )\t inquir+ fur!r into _! reasons or _! motives1 suffice x to say1 t ! oral law 9 ?us robb+ wom5 ( _! "r & inh]itance 9 ! law ( ,god1 & 9 degrad+ !m to ! same category ) *ildr5 & slaves1 is oppos$ to ! pla9 comm&s ( ! writt5 law4 ,b n s ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x exactly agrees ) ! ,old 9 consid]+ woman z a rational & responsible be+1 & a c&idate = ev]la/+ life4 ,x1 !re=e1 gives "o g5]al rule = ! education ( *ildr51 male & female4 8,ye fa!rs1 provoke n y\r *ildr5 to wra?1 b br+ !m up 9 ! nurture & admonition ( ! ,"l40 7,ephes4 vi4 #d47 ,x does inde$ prescribe mode/y & subjection to ! wom5 9 ! mode or le>n+1 b 9 s do+ x pla9ly po9ts out _! duty to become acqua9t$ ) ! w ( ,god4 8,let ! woman le>n 9 sil5ce ) all subjection4 ,b ,i suff] n a woman to tea* nor to usurp au?ority ov] ! man1 b to be 9 sil5ce40 7#a ,tim4 ii4 #aa1 #ab47 ,9 ^! & o!r passages ! woman is plac$ 9 ! position assign$ h] 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & n 9 ! v subord9ate rank impos$ ^u h] by ! oral law4 8,wom51 & slaves 771 & *ildr51 are exempt f ! /udy ( ! law40 ,b we ?9k t ?is rule is z false ) reg>d to slaves z to wom54 ,"h ! oral law says t slaves are n b\nd to le>n4 ,9 ,hil*o? ,avadim1 c4 viii4 #ah1 we f9d t !y are n to be taught4 8,x is =bidd5 to a man to tea* 8 slave ! law40 ,b1 alas1 ! passage ( ! ,^w ( ,god :i* =bids x1 is n ref]r$ to4 ,x is only an inf]5ce f ! passage1 8,ye %all tea* y\r sons20 b is evid5tly contr>y to ! :ole t5\r ( ! law ( ,moses4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ,israelite :o _h be5 sold by ! tribunal1 or :o1 on acc\nt ( pov]ty1 _h sold himself1 0 /ill an ,israelite1 & did n =feit1 f9ally1 8 "r to 8 inh]itance 9 ! l&2 h[1 !n1 c\ld he =feit 8 "r to ! law1 :i* ,moses gave z 8! inh]itance ( ! congregation ( ,jacob80 ,! law ( ,moses expressly provides a day ( re/ 8= ! man s]vant & ! maid s]vant10 t !y may n only h re/ = _! bodies1 b may h "t to le>n ! w ( ,god1 & provide = t et]nity to :i* !y are ha/5+ z well z _! ma/]s4 ,inde$1 if m$itation on ! ,^w ( ,god 0 m necess>y = "o ,israelite ?an ano!r1 x 0 = ! ,hebrew s]vant4 ,if he _h be5 guilty ( !ft1 & _h be5 sold by ! tribunal1 he _h special ne$ ( in/ruction 9 ! law ( ,god to lead him to rep5tance1 & to tea* him 8 duty = ! future4 ,if he _h be5 guilty ( no crime1 b _h be5 compell$ by pov]ty to sacrifice 8 lib]ty1 surely he ne$$ ! consolation :i* ! ,^w ( ,god c supply1 to enable him to be> 8 h>d lot ) pati5ce1 & to prev5t him f murmur+4 ,b "h ! oral law /eps 91 & actually prohibits 8 ma/] f tea*+ him2 & in/ead ( enc\rag+ him 9 8 leisure "t to turn to ! ,^w ( ,god z 8 refuge & 8 com=t1 x tells him t he is n b\nd to /udy x4 ,"h1 aga91 ! ,new ,te/am5t is mu* m l ! law ( ,moses1 :i* brea!s1 all ?r\gh1 a _s ( ! mo/ t5d] compassion = ^? 9 s]vitude4 ,moses comm&s ! ,israelites to rememb] t !y _h !mselves be5 bondm5 9 ,egypt4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t rem9ds ,*ri/ian ma/]s t !y h a ma/] 9 heav54 8,ye ma/]s1 d ! same ?+s unto !m1 =be>+ ?reat5+3 kn[+ t y\r ma/] also is 9 heav52 nei!r is !re respect ( p]sons ) him40 7,ephes4 vi4 #i47 ,x also pla9ly tea*es t ! relation :i* exi/s betwe5 believ+ ma/]s & s]vants is1 be=e ,god1 t ( bre?r54 8,& !y t h believ+ ma/]s1 let !m n despise !m1 because !y are bre?r52 b r d !m s]vice because !y are fai?ful & belov$1 p>tak]s ( ! b5efit40 7#a ,tim4 vi4 #b47 ,yea1 ! ,new ,te/am5t lays d[n a g5]al pr9ciple1 ! v opposite ( t1 t 8wom51 & slaves1 & *ildr5 are exempt f ! /udy ( ! law40 ,x says1 8,!re is nei!r ,jew nor ,greek1 !re is nei!r bond nor free1 !re is nei!r male nor female1 = ye are all "o 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus40 7,gal4 iii4 #bh47 ,x does n disp5se m5 f _! relative duties1 nor deprive any ( _! legitimate privileges1 b tea*es t = all1 ,jew or ,greek1 bond or free1 male or female1 !re is b "o way ( salvation4 ,v diff]5t is ! doctr9e ( ! oral law4 ,we h se5 t x makes a gr& di/9ction betwe5 male & female1 bond & free1 we ne$ n1 !re=e1 be surpris$ if x make ! l9e ( dem>cation broad] /ill betwe5 ,jew & ,greek4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,a ,g5tile :o employs himself 9 ! law is guilty ( dea?4 ,he is n to employ himself except 9 ! sev5 comm&m5ts t belong to ! ,g5tiles4 ,& ?us a ,g5tile :o keeps a ,sabba?1 ?\gh x be on "o ( ! week days--if he make x to himself z a ,sabba?1 he is guilty ( dea?4 ,x is n necess>y to add1 if he appo9t = himself a fe/ival4 ,! g5]al rule is t !y are n p]mitt$ to innovate 9 religion1 or to make comm&m5ts = !mselves out ( _! own heads4 ,ei!r let a ,g5tile become a proselyte ( righte\sness1 & take ^u him ! :ole law3 or let him rema9 9 8 own law1 & nei!r add nor dim9i%4 ,b if he employs himself 9 ! law1 or keeps a ,sabba?1 or makes any innovation1 he is to be beat5 & puni%$1 & in=m$ t he is = ?is guilty ( dea?--b he is n to be kill$40 7,hil*o? ,mela*im1 c4 x4 #i47 ,?is law is tak5 f ! ,talmudical treatise ,sanh$r91#f :]e x is foll[$ by an app>5tly contradictory /atem5t1 8t a ,g5tile :o employs himself 9 ! law is z good z a high prie/20 b ! contradiction is imm$iately remov$ by ! explanation :i* !re foll[s1 & says1 t 8law0 is to be und]/ood ( ! sev5 comm&m5ts ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,n[ we admit lib]ty ( consci5ce 0 n und]/ood at ! "t2 & t x w\ld be unju/ to expect t ! compil]s ( ! oral law 7:o 7 ignorant (1 or oppos$ to1 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :]e lib]ty ( consci5ce 0 fir/ pla9ly reveal$7 %\ld be at all elevat$ above ! level ( _! own times4 ,b mak+ ?is admission & apology = ! m51 we _c help say+ t ! law itself is bad1 & _c be f ,god4 ,religion is a matt] betwe5 ,god & man4 ,! he>t1 ! consci5ce1 & ! und]/&+ are all alike conc]n$4 ,in/ruction out ( ,god's ,^w is1 !re=e1 ! only means ( produc+ conviction4 ,ent]ta9+ ^! s5tim5ts1 we endeav\r to comp>e ! oral law ) ! ,^w ( ,god1 & to conv9ce its advocates t !y are 9 error4 ,we d n wi% to h ! mod]n ,jews conf\nd$ ) ! au?ors ( ! sy/em4 ,v _m ,jews ( ! pres5t day are ignorant ( its details4 ,n hav+ "t to make ! inquiry1 !y take x = grant$1 t _! =efa!rs 7 "r 9 pref]r+ _! own sy/em to ,*ri/ianity1 & t !y are b\nd to d ! same4 ,b ev5 ^? :o are le>n$ 9 ! oral law1 & "k its details1 are n to be view$ 9 ! same light z ! orig9al compil]s4 ,!y h receiv$ ! sy/em f _! =efa!rs1 & view x ?r\gh ! m$ium ( filial affection & national prejudice4 ,!y rememb] t to ! ,jews ! law 0 giv51 & t ! ,jewi% nation has be5 ! orig9al in/rum5t 9 ,god's h& to diffuse light ov] ! _w2 !y h !re=e hi!rto tak5 x = grant$ t !y mu/ be "r4 ,! n>r[ prejudices ( ,*ri/ians = ages confirm$ !m 9 _! views4 ,b n[ circum/ances are diff]5t4 ,*ri/ians beg9 to und]/& ! position 9 :i* ,god has plac$ ! ,jewi% nation1 & to look =w>d to _! re/oration to ! fav\r ( ,god z ! "t ( bless+ = ! :ole _w4 ,*ri/ians c n[ hon\r & e/imate ! le>n+1 ! tal5t1 & ! con/ancy ( ^? v ,rabbies ^: sy/em !y consid] z errone\s4 ,n[1 !n1 is ! "t = ! ,jews !mselves to inquire into ^? religi\s op9ions1 :i* h be5 h&$ d[n to !m1 & to comp>e !m ) ! law & ! prophets4 ,we tru/ t _m w admit1 t ! laws :i* we h be5 consid]+ are bad1 & !re=e _c be f ,god4 ,let !m !n rememb]1 t ! orig9ators ( ^! laws are ! m5 :o reject$ ! claims ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,if !n ^! m5 7 9 error 9 mak+ ^! laws1 !y 7 9 condemn+ ,jesus ( ,naz>e? because he oppos$ !m2 & if ! laws be bad1 ! ,"l ,jesus 0 "r 9 oppos+ !m4 ,yea1 & :]e !y taught error ,he & 8 disciples taught ! tru?4 ,! ,rabbies h taught con/ra9t4 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? & 8 disciples h taught t fire is n to be call$ d[n f heav5 on ^? :o diff] f u2 t 8! s]vant ( ,god mu/ n /rive2 b be g5tle to all m51 apt to tea*1 pati5t1 9 meekness in/ruct+ ^? t oppose !mselves2 if ,god w p]adv5ture give !m rep5tance to ! ackn[l$g+ ( ! tru?40 7#b ,tim4 ii4 #be47 ,footnote #b3 ,joreh ,deah1 sec4 #bdf4 ,footnote #c3 ,lit]ally1 4 ,9 ! translation ( ?is ^w we foll[ ! int]pretation ( ! ,joreh ,deah1 :i* r5d]s x 4 ,?is is obvi\sly n ! place to discuss ! o!r op9ions ( ! ,rabbies4 ,footnote #d3 ,see ,kiddu%91 fol4 #bi1 col4 #b4 ,footnote #e3 ,joma41 fol4 #ff1 col4 #b4 ,footnote #f3 ,fol4 #ei1 col4 #a4 ,no4 ,,iv4 ,,rabb9ic ,,intol]ance ,,t[>ds ,,o!r ,,nations4 ,! ,jewi% deputies1 :5 ask$ by ,napoleon :e!r !y consid]$ ,fr5*m5 z _! bre?r51 repli$ 9 ! affirmative1 & aft] quot+ ! ,mosaic laws respect+ ! /rang] said1 8,to ^! s5tim5ts ( b5evol5ce t[>ds ! /rang]1 ,moses has add$ ! precept ( g5]al love = mank9d3 #8,love ?y fell[-creature z ?yself4'0#g ,& 9 ! au?oriz$ ,jewi% ,cate*ism us$ 9 ,bav>ia1 aft] ! explanation ( ! moral duties1 we f9d ! foll[+ "q3--8,are ^! laws & duties1 affirmative & negative comm&m5ts1 b9d+ ) respect to a non-,israelite80 ,,answ]--8,by all means1 = ! fundam5tal law ( all ^! duties1 #8,love ?y neighb\r z ?yself1' is expressly laid d[n by ! ,holy ,scriptures 9 ref]5ce to ! non-,israelite1 yea1 to ! hea!n1 z x is writt51 #8,& if a /rang] soj\rn ) !e 9 y\r l&1 ye %all n vex him4 ,b ! /rang] t dwelle? ) y %all be unto y z "o born among/ y1 & ?\ %alt love him z ?yself3 = ye 7 /rang]s 9 ! l& ( ,egypt3 ,i am ! ,"l y\r ,god4'0 7,levit4 xix4 #cc-ce47h ,^! decl>ations are v explicit1 &1 z =m+ "p ( public docum5ts1 highly satisfactory4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! ,jewi% p 9 ,france1 & ! tea*]s ( ! ,jewi% y\? 9 ,bav>ia1 decl>e1 t 9 ! scriptural comm&1 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself10 neighb\r means fell[-man1 )\t di/9ction ( nation or religion4 ,:]e !n did !y le>n ?is int]pretation8 ,f ! ,talmud or f ! ,new-,te/am5t8 ,! ,jewi% deputies say1 f ! =m]4 ,on ! page cit$ above !y add1 8,?is doctr9e is also pr(ess$ by ! ,talmud4 ,we are b\nd1 says a ,talmudi/1 to love z bre?r5 all ^? :o obs]ve ! ,noa*ides1#i :atev] _! religi\s op9ions may o!rwise be4 ,we are b\nd to visit _! sick1 to bury _! dead1 to assi/ _! poor1 l ^? ( ,israel4 ,9 %ort1 !re is no act ( humanity :i* a true ,israelite is n b\nd to p]=m t[>ds ^? :o obs]ve ! ,noa*ides40 ,! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism is m cauti\s4 ,x makes no su* bold ass]tion respect+ ! ,talmud4 ,x only intimates t ! oral law tea*es ?is doctr9e1 by subjo9+ to ! passage f ,leviticus ! same extract f ,maimonides1 allud$ to by ! ,jewi% deputies4 ,! ,cate*ism gives ! extract a little m at l5g?1 & z foll[s3--8,we are b\nd 9 ev]y?+ to treat ! non-,israelite1 :o soj\rns ) u1 ) ju/ice & ) love1 z we w\ld treat an ,israelite4 ,yea1 we are ev5 b\nd to ma9ta9 him1 z ! ,scripture tea*es 9 ! words1 #8,?\ %alt give x to ! /rang] t is 9 ?y gates1 t he may eat x4' 7,deut4 xiv4 #ba47 ,our wise m5 h comm&$ u = ! good ( society1 ev5 to visit ! sick ( ! hea!n1 to bury _! dead1 & to deal out alms to !m3 = ( our ,creator x is said1 #8,! ,"l is good to all2 & 8 t5d] m]cies are ov] all 8 works4' 7,psalm cxlv4 #i47 7,maimonid4 ,hil*o? ,mela*im1 #aj1 #ab470 ,no d\bt ! passage z "h giv51 bo? by ! ,fr5* deputies & ! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism1 is v plausible2 & if x c\ld be f\nd v]batim1 ei!r 9 ! ,talmud or any ( its comp5diums1 w\ld g f> to ju/ify ! bold ass]tion ( ! =m]1 & ! cauti\s ins9uation ( ! latt]4 ,b un=tunately ! orig9al passage is v diff]5t4 ,9 ! above citations1 x is mutilat$ 9 ord] to suit ! purpose ( ! cit]s4 ,9 ! ,jad ,ha*asakah x /&s z foll[s3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,& ?us x appe>s to me1 t ! proselytes all[$ to soj\rn are to be treat$ ) ! same c\rtesy & b5evol5ce z ! ,israelites2 = behold1 we are comm&$ to ma9ta9 !m1 z x is writt51 #8,?\ %alt give x to ! /rang] 7proselyte7 t is 9 ?y gates1 t he may eat x4' ,z to t say+ ( our wise m5 n to return _! salute1 x ref]s to ! ,g5tiles1 n to ! proselyte all[$ to soj\rn4 ,b ev5 ) reg>d to ! hea!n1 ! wise m5 h comm&$ u to visit _! sick1 & to bury _! dead ) ! dead ( ,israel1 & to fe$ _! poor along ) ! poor ( ,israel1 ,,= ,,! ,,sake ,,( ,,! ,,ways ,,( ,,peace3 = x is writt51 #8,! ,"l is good to all1 & 8 m]cies are ov] all 8 works2' & aga91 #8,h] ways are ways ( pleasantness1 & all h] pa?s are peace4'0 7,prov4 iii4 #ag47 ,! read] w obs]ve t !re are sev]al /rik+ diff]5ces betwe5 ?is translation & t ( ! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism2 & ^! diff]5ces prove t1 by ! ^w 8neighb\r10 ! oral law does n und]/& a fell[-man )\t any reg>d to 8 religi\s op9ions4 ,fir/1 ! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism says1 8,we are b\nd 9 ev]y?+ to treat ! non-,israelite :o soj\rns ) u ) ju/ice & ) love1 & z we w\ld treat an ,israelite40 ,! orig9al says1 8,& ?us x appe>s to me1 t ! proselytes all[$ to soj\rn are to be treat$ ) ! same c\rtesy & b5evol5ce z ! ,israelites40 ,! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism translates ?is passage z x if 7 ! undisput$ law ( ,israel ?us to act2 :]eas ,maimonides only (f]s 8 own op9ion4 ,he says1 8,x appe>s to me40 ,"h ! ,fr5* deputies repres5t ! matt] m accurately1 by say+1 8,we are b\nd1 says a ,talmudi/40 ,n ! ,talmud1 b a ,talmudi/4 ,!n1 aga91 ! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism speaks g5]ally ( 8non-,israelites40 ,maimonides speaks ( only "o p>ticul> class1 ! proselytes :o _h p]mission to soj\rn 9 ! l& ( ,israel4 ,t we d n misrepres5t ,maimonides' mean+1 is pla9 f ! words ( ! ,jewi% deputies1 :o also re/rict ! s5se to t "o p>ticul> class4 8,we are b\nd1 says a ,talmudi/1 to love z bre?r5 all ^? :o obs]ve ! ,noa*ides1 :atev] _! religi\s op9ions may o!rwise be40 ,"h1 !n1 on ! %[+ ( ! ,jewi% deputies !mselves1 ! ,talmud does n tea* t all m5 are to be lov$ z bre?r51 b only ^? :o keep ! sev5 comm&m5ts ( ,noah4 ,h[1 !n1 are we to reg>d ! idolat] & ! hea!n1 :o h n embrac$ ^! sev5 comm&m5ts1 & h[ are we to treat !m8 ,?is leads u to notice1 #b;dly1 ,! important omission made by ! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism4 ,9 cit+ ! words ( ,maimonides1 ! compil]s h omitt$ ! :ole s5t5ce1 8,z to ! say+ ( our wise m5 n to return _! salute1 x ref]s to ! ,g5tiles1 n to ! proselytes all[$ to soj\rn40 ,to ?is s5t5ce1 ! ,fr5* ,jewi% deputies h also made no allusion2 & yet ?is s5t5ce is f\nd 9 ! v middle ( ! passage quot$4 ,:at goes be=e & :at foll[s is quot$ by bo?1 b bo? h ) "o common cons5t omitt$ ?is passage4 ,n[ ?is m]e fact ( omission is1 9 itself1 suffici5t to excite ! suspicions ( ,israelites n acqua9t$ ) ! oral law4 ,! ,jewi% deputies 9 ,p>is1 & ! compil]s ( ! ,jewi% ,cate*ism 9 ,bav>ia1 _h "o common object--!y wi%$ to prove1 or to intimate1 t ! ,talmud tea*es u to love z ourselves all our fell[-m51 )\t any respect to religi\s diff]5ces4 ,9 ord] to prove ?is1 !y bo? ref] to "o & ! same passage--& f ! middle ( t passage !y bo? omit "o important s5t5ce4 ,:at conclusion w be drawn by any man ( common und]/&+8 ,j ?is1 t z !y bo? quote "o & ! same passage1 !re mu/ be a great sc>city ( pro( f ! ,talmud3 & t2 z !y bo? make ! same omission1 ! s5t5ce omitt$ mu/ be unfav\rable to t pro(2 & t1 !re=e1 ?is "o passage does n prove t ! ,talmud tea*es any su* doctr9e4 ,su* is ! conclusion to :i* we are l$ by consid]+ ! facts ( ! case4 ,an exam9ation ( ! omitt$ passage w %[ t ?is conclusion is mo/ j--8,z to ! say+ ( our wise m51 n to return _! salute1 x ref]s to ! ,g5tiles1 n to ! proselytes all[$ to soj\rn40 ,_h ?is passage be5 ins]t$ 9 its place1 ! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism c\ld n h be5 translat$ 7soj\rn+ proselytes7 8non-,israelites10 = f ?is passage x appe>s t ^! soj\rn]s are diff]5t f ! 8,g5tiles10 ^: salute is n to be return$4 ,9 pla9 ,engli%1 ?is passage re/ricts 8! c\rtesy & b5evol5ce0 to ^? proselytes :o1 by tak+ ^u !m ! sev5 comm&m5ts ( ,noah1 obta9$ ! privilege ( soj\rn+ 9 ! l& ( ,israel2 & consequ5tly excludes 8! ,g5tiles0--& consequ5tly disproves ! ass]tion t ! ,talmud tea*es u to love z ourselves all our fell[-m5 )\t any respect to religi\s diff]5ces4 ,on ! contr>y1 ?is passage tells u t ! salutation ( ! ,g5tiles is n to be return$4 ,x prescribes two diff]5t l9es ( conduct to be pursu$ t[>ds diff]5t religioni/s1 & makes ! diff]5ce ( religi\s p]suasion ! basis ( ! rule4 ,b "s read]s may say1 t ! diff]5ce is v small--t ! comm& 8n to return ! salute ( ! ,g5tiles10 is a m]e matt] ( etiquette--:]eas ! comm& to visit ! sick ( ! ,g5tiles1 to bury _! dead1 & to fe$ _! poor2 is a sub/antial k9dness4 ,?is we %\ld admit1 if ! reason assign$ = su* conduct1 8= ! sake ( ! ways ( peace10 did n utt]ly remove all ! app>5t k9dness4 ,& ?is br+s u to3 ,! ?ird misrepres5tation ( ! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism4 ,x translates ! words 7= ! sake ( ! ways ( peace7 8= ! good ( society40 ,"h1 !n1 !re is an evid5t diff]5ce betwe5 u4 ,b :o is "r8 ,we d n ask ! ,israelite to believe u4 ,maimonides "h ref]s to ano!r passage ( ! oral law1 :]e ?is expression is fully expla9$1 & :]e ! comm& 8n to return ! salutation ( ! ,g5tiles0 is also f\nd4 ,we w give ?is passage1 & !n ! unle>n$ c judge = !mselves3-- 4 4 1 1 1 ,d 1 1 8,! poor ( ! idolat]s are to be f$ ) ! poor ( ,israel = ! sake ( ! ways ( peace4 ,!y are also p]mitt$ to h "p ( ! glean+1 me =gott5 %eaf1 & ! corn] ( ! field1 = ! sake ( ! ways ( peace4 ,x is also lawful to ask aft] _! heal?1 ev5 on _! fea/-day1 = ! sake ( ! ways ( peace2 b nev] to return 7lit]ally1 reit]ate7 ! salutation1 nor to ent] ! h\se ( an idolat] on ! day ( 8 fe/ival to salute him4 ,if he be met 9 ! /reet1 he is to be salut$ 9 a l[ tone ( voice1 & ) a heavy head4 ,b all ^! ?+s are said only ( ! "t t ,israel is 9 captivity among ! nations1 or t ! h& ( ! idolat]s is /rong ^u ,israel4 ,b :5 ! h& ( ,israel is /rong ^u !m1 we are =bidd5 to suff] an idolat] among/ u1 ev5 s mu* z to soj\rn incid5tally1 or to pass f place to place ) m]*&ize4 ,he is n to pass ?r\gh our l& until he take ^u him ! sev5 comm&m5ts giv5 to ! *ildr5 ( ,noah1 = x is said #8,!y %all n dwell 9 ?y l&1' 7,exod4 xxiii4 #cc17 n ev5 = an h\r4 ,b if he take ^u himself ! sev5 comm&m5ts1 !n he is a proselyte p]mitt$ to soj\rn 7 740 ,hil*o? ,accum1 c4 x4 #e c4 ,?is is ! passage allud$ to1 & ! read] may n[ judge :e!r ! words1 8,= ! sake ( ! ways ( peace10 c be int]pret$ z ! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism r5d]s !m1 8= ! good ( society40 ,if s1 !n 8! good ( society0 is to be consult$ only :il/ ! ,jews are 9 captivity1 & ! ,g5tiles h got ! p[]3 b z soon z ! ,jews get ! ! p[]1 8! good ( society0 may safely be disreg>d$4 ,! mean+ pla9ly is1 t 9 ! pres5t position ( affairs x is advisable to keep ! peace betwe5 ,jews & ,g5tiles1 inasmu* z ! ,g5tiles are at pres5t ! /ronge/4 ,n[1 !n1 x is exp$i5t to visit ! sick1 & fe$ ! poor1 & bury ! dead ( ! ,g5tiles1 = ?is w promote t object2 b :5 ! tables are turn$1 & ! ,g5tiles are ! weake/1 !re w be no necessity 8= ! ways ( peace10 or1 z ! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism has x1 8= ! good ( society40 ,x is pla91 !re=e1 t ! passage cit$ by ! ,fr5* deputies & ! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism1 does n answ] ! purpose = :i* x is cit$4 ,x does n prove t ! ,talmud tea*es u to love our fell[-m5 z ourselves1 :atev] be _! religi\s op9ions4 ,on ! contr>y1 x tea*es t a wide di/9ction is to be made betwe5 "o class ( religioni/s & ano!r3 & t if m5 be idolat]s1 we are to %[ !m no k9dness1 except = fe> ( ! consequ5ces t might result f betray+ our real s5tim5ts4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! ,jewi% deputies & ! compil]s ( ! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism ass]t$ ! true explanation ( ! ,mosaic comm&1 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself10 x is pla9 t !y _h n le>n$ x f ! ,talmud1 b some:]e else4 ,we hesitate n to say1 t !y le>n$ x f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 = !re x is taught pla9ly1 repeat$ly1 & )\t any res]vation4 ,a c]ta9 lawy] once ask$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 8,:o is my neighb\r8 ,& ,jesus answ]+1 said1 ,a c]ta9 man w5t d[n f ,j]usalem to ,j]i*o1 & fell among ?ieves1 :i* /ripp$ him ( 8 raim5t1 & w\nd$ him1 & dep>t$1 leav+ him half dead4 ,& by *ance !re came d[n a c]ta9 prie/ t way2 & :5 he saw him he pass$ by on ! o!r side4 ,& likewise a ,levite1 :5 he 0 at ! place1 came & look$ on him1 & pass$ by on ! o!r side4 ,b a c]ta9 ,sam>itan1 z he j\rney$1 came :]e he 02 & :5 he saw him1 he _h compassion on him1 & w5t to him1 & b\nd up 8 w\nds1 p\r+ 9 oil & w9e1 & set him on 8 own bea/1 & br\ght him to an inn1 & took c>e ( him4 ,& on ! morr[ :5 he dep>t$1 he took out two-p5ce1 & gave !m to ! ho/1 & said unto him1 ,take c>e ( him2 & :atsoev] ?\ sp5de/ m1 :5 ,i come aga91 ,i w repay !e4 ,:i* n[ ( ^! ?ree1 ?9ke/ ?\1 0 neighb\r to him t fell among ! ?ieves8 ,& he said1 ,he t %[$ m]cy on him4 ,!n said ,jesus unto him1 ,g ?\ & d likewise40 7,luke x4 #bi1 c47 ,"h !n ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ tea*es u t we are to %[ k9dness ev5 to an idolat]1 = t ev5 he is includ$ 9 ! class specifi$ by ! ^w 8neighb\r40 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? makes no limitation 8= ! sake ( ! ways ( peace10 b gives a g5]al comm&4 ,& he appe>s to h select$ ?is case ( a man ly+ half dead1 9 ord] to contra/ x ) a simil> case suppos$ 9 ! oral law4 8,if a ,g5tile1 & idolat]1 be se5 p]i%+1 or dr[n+ 9 a riv]1 he is n to be help$ out4 ,if he be se5 ne> to dea?1 he is n to be deliv]$4 ,b to de/roy him by active means1 or to pu% him into a pit1 or su*-l ?+s1 is =bidd51 z he is n at w> ) u40#aj ,! ,"l ,jesus does n say t ! man :o w5t d[n f ,j]usalem to ,j]i*o 0 an idolat]4 ,he only says1 8a c]ta9 man40 ,b he evid5tly intimates t he 0 su*1 = if he _h be5 a ,jew1 ! prie/ & ! ,levite w\ld n h pass$ him )\t r5d]+ assi/ance4 ,z he 0 only an idolat]1 accord+ to ! oral law1 ! prie/ & ! ,levite 7 n simply n to blame 9 leav+ him to 8 fate1 b 7 obey+ a comm&4 ,!y saw him p]i%+--ne> to dea?4 ,!y did n use any viol5ce to accel]ate x4 ,!y only look$ at him1 & left him to p]i%4 ,s f>1 !n1 ! lawy] :o ask$ ! "q ?\ght t ! prie/ & ,levite 7 9 ! "r4 ,b !n ! ,"l ,jesus introduces a ,sam>itan1 :om ! oral law also looks ^u z an idolat]1 & %[+ h[ he act$1 he appeals to ! pla9 common s5se ( ! que/ion]1 8,:i* ( ^! ?ree 0 neighb\r to him t fell among ?ieves80 ,& ! lawy] is compell$ to ackn[l$ge1 8,he t %[$ m]cy40 ,we make a simil> appeal to ! advocates ( ! oral law4 ,we ask1 :i* is1 ! oral law or ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! mo/ l ! law ( ,god8 ,! oral law =bids y to help a poor dy+ fell[-creature 9 8 h\r ( ne$1 because he is an idolat]4 ,x comm&s y to /ifle ! natural in/9ct ( ! human he>t1 :i* is inde$ ! voice ( ! ,god ( nature--to behold ! agoniz+ /ruggles1 & he> ! he>tr5d+ cries ( a dr[n+ fell[-s9n]1 & yet :5 y h x 9 y\r p[] to snat* him f ! jaws ( dea?1 & f t ev]la/+ de/ruction :i* awaits him1 to leave him to 8 fate1 )\t help & )\t pity4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t1 on ! contr>y1 tells y1 t ?\gh1 by 8 idolatry1 he has incurr$ ! wra? ( ,god1 yet he is y\r neighb\r--t x is y\r duty to help him1 & by t v help to endeav\r to lead him to ! tru?4 ,:i* !n agrees ) ! law ( ,god8 ,we are q sure t ! language ( y\r he>t is1 ! ,new ,te/am5t is "r4 ,! oral law is wrong4 ,y\r bre?r5 9 ,france & ,bav>ia h already proclaim$ t op9ion to ! _w4 ,9 ! answ] ( ! ,jewi% deputies to ,napoleon & 9 ! ,bav>ian ,cate*ism1 !y h said1 8t we are to love our fell[-creature z ourselves10 :atev] be 8 religion4 ,!y h ?us made an involunt>y ackn[l$gm5t ( ! sup]iority ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ( ! b5efit :i* x has be5 to ! _w4 ,j suppose1 = a mom5t1 t ! scribes & ,ph>isees _h succe$$ 9 extirpat+ ! doctr9e ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 :at w\ld h be5 ! consequ5ce to y & to ! _w8 ,_h ! doctr9es ( ,jesus p]i%$1 ! oral law w\ld h _h an undi/urb$ & univ]sal dom9ation1 = ! ,k>aites h always be5 few 9 numb]1 & h nev] ex]t$ any influ5ce on mank9d at l>ge4 ,! ,jews 9 ,france1 ,bav>ia1 z well z 9 ,engl& & else:]e1 w\ld all h kn[n ! law only accord+ to ! oral int]pretation1 & consequ5tly w\ld n h und]/ood ! comm&1 8,?\ %alt love !y neighb\r z ?yself40 ,!y w\ld /ill h held ! fe>ful doctr9e1 t a p]i%+ idolat] 0 n to be help$4 ,!y w\ld1 moreov]1 h _h none b idolat]s ar\nd !m1 = all ! k ( ,god t prevails among/ u ,g5tiles comes f ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,jew & ,g5tile1 !n1 w\ld h liv$ 8hateful & hat+ ea* o!r40 ,y may ?9k1 p]haps1 t "s mighty _s w\ld h bur/ ! *a9s ( tradition1 & reass]t$1 ! simple tru? ( ,god4 ,b su* an ev5t is altoge!r beyond ! limits ( probability4 ,"o ( ! mightie/ intellects t ev] dwelt 9 a t5em5t ( clay 0 t ( ,moses1 ! son ( ,maimon2 a man ^: le>n+ & indu/ry 7 equal to 8 g5ius4 ,if ev] !re 0 a ,jew1 :o 0 likely to ov]come ! prejudices ( tradition1 x 0 he4 ,& yet ) all 8 g5ius & all 8 opportunities1 he nev] 0 able to arrive at ! true s5se ( ! comm& :i* we h j consid]$4 ,! atroci\s passages1 :i* we h above discuss$1 are all tak5 f 8 comp5dium ( ! oral law4 ,y are indebt$1 !n1 to ,jesus ( ,naz>e? = y\r deliv]ance f ?is f\l error4 ,) respect to y\r duty to y\r neighb\r1 y\r own bre?r5 9 ,france & ,bav>ia confess1 t y are "r if y foll[ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & t y are wrong if y foll[ ^? :o reject$ him4 ,rememb]1 !n1 t y\r duty to y\r neighb\r is half ( ! :ole law ( ,god1 & exam9e :e!r ! ,*ri/ians1 :o are confess$ly "r 9 ! second table ( ! law d n1 also1 possess ! tru? respect+ ! fir/4 ,footnote #g3 ,transactions ( ,p>isian ,sanh$r91 p4 #agh4 ,footnote #h3 ,lehrbu* d] ,mosais*5 ,religion4 ,mn*51 #ahbf1 page #aej4 ,footnote #i3 ,we quote ! passage z we f9d x4 ,noa*ides is "h tak5 = ! sev5 comm&m5ts ( ! *ildr5 ( ,noah1 contr>y to ! usual acceptation ( ! ^w4 ,footnote #aj3 ,hil*o? ,accum1 c4 x4 #a4 ,no4 ,v4 ,,talmudic ,,intol]ance ,,contra/$ ,,) ,,! ,,*>ity ,,( ,,! ,,bible4 ,any "o :o consid]s ! circum/ances ( ! ,jewi% p aft] ! desolation ( ! fir/ temple1 w be incl9$ to make great all[ances = ! _s ( ! ,rabb9ical laws aga9/ idolat]s4 ,idolatry 0 n to !m a m]e sy/em ( religi\s error4 ,x 0 ! s\rce ( all _! mis=tunes2 & idolat]s 7 ! de/roy]s ( _! c\ntry--! desolat]s ( _! temple--& _! own mo/ cruel & tyrannical oppressors4 ,sc>cely _h !y em]g$ f ! horrors ( ! ,babyloni% captivity1 :5 !y 7 expos$ to ! insults & outrages z well z ! p]secutions ( ,antio*us2 & h>dly _h !y recov]$ f ! havoc ( 8 fury1 be=e !y 7 ov]run by ! fi]ce & haughty ,romans1 :o 7 at la/ ! execution]s ( ! wra? ( ! ,almighty4 ,!y n only saw ! abom9ations ( idolatry1 b !y felt ! h>d h& ( ! idolat]2 no wond]1 !n1 if !y hat$ ! man z well z ! sy/em4 ,9 ! ,hil*o? ,rotzea* !re is a law :i* amply illu/rates ! mis]y ( _! situation1 & ! habitual treatm5t :i* !y receiv$ f idolat]s4 ,accord+ to ?is law1 8,x is =bidd5 to a ,jew to be alone ) ,g5tiles1 = !y are suspect$ ( %$d+ blood2 nei!r is a ,jew to jo9 company ) !m 9 ! way2 if he meet a ,g5tile1 he is to cause him to pass on 8 "r h& 7t ! ,jew1 z ! comm5t>y says1 may be able to def5d himself1 9 case ! ,g5tile %\ld make an attempt on 8 life72 if !y be asc5d+ a height1 or go+ d[n a desc5t1 ! ,jew is n to be bel[ & ! ,g5tile above him2 b ! ,jew above & ! ,g5tile bel[1 le/ he %\ld fall ^u him to kill him2 nei!r is he to /oop d[n be=e him1 le/ he %\ld break 8 skull40 ,:at an affect+ picture does ?is pres5t ( ! ,jews "u hea!n dom9ation2 & :o c wond] if su* treatm5t call$ =? ! natural feel+s ( ! human he>t1 & dictat$ laws 9 ! same fi]ce & m]ciless _s8 ,we1 = our "p1 are q ready to admit & to deplore ! mighty provocations1 :i* r\s$ ! _s ( retaliation 9 ! ,rabbies1 & consequ5tly1 to make all due all[ance = ! m54 ,b t is n ! "q be=e u4 ,we are inquir+ :e!r _! religi\s sy/em1 ! oral law1 is or is n f ,god1 & :e!r ?is religi\s sy/em tea*es ,jews to love all _! fell[-m5 z !mselves8 ,we h %[n t ! evid5ce adduc$ on ?is po9t by ! ,fr5* & ,bav>ian ,jews1 proves ! contr>y2 & is !re=e1 no?+ to ! purpose4 ,b we d n wi% to re/ ! decision ^u su* limit$ pro(1 ev5 ?\gh x be /rong2 we are will+ to look at ! :ole sy/em1 & to comp>e x ) ! law & ! prophets1 :i* we all admit z div9e au?ority4 ,we say1 !n1 t ! ,talmud n only does n tea* u to love all our fell[-m51 b t x puts idolat]s altoge!r )\t ! pale ( humanity4 ,we h se5 already t x =bids its foll[]s to save ! life ( a p]i%+ idolat]4 ,b x goes f>!r /ill1 & ext5ds ?is precept ev5 to an idolat]'s infant1 :i* kn[s n its "r h& f its left3-- 8,a daught] ( ,israel %all n suckle ! son ( a hea!n woman1 because t w\ld be to br+ up a son = idolatry2 nei!r %all %e act z midwife to a hea!n idolatress4 ,b if %e %\ld1 x mu/ be = pay1 on acc\nt ( ! enmity 7t might o!rwise be excit$704 7,hil*o? ,accum1 c4 ix4 #af47 ,:at is meant by 8pay1 on acc\nt ( ! enmity10 is fully expla9$ 9 ! foll[+ passage1 :i* =bids a ,rabb9ical physician to cure a sick idolat]3-- 8,h5ce ?\ le>ne/1 t x is =bidd5 to cure idolat]s ev5 = pay4 ,b if 7an ,israelite7 is afraid ( !m1 or is anxi\s on acc\nt ( enmity1 he may cure !m = pay2 b to d x gratuit\sly is =bidd540 ,h5ce ! commone/ (fices ( humanity are =bidd54 ,b ! ,talmud goes fur!r /ill1 & prohibits ev5 ! giv+ ( good advice to ^! outca/s4 444 1 8,x is =bidd5 to give good advice to a hea!n or to a wick$ slave4444 ,daniel 0 expos$ to dang] = no o!r reason ?an ?is1 t he advis$ ,nebu*adnezz> to give alms1 z x is writt51 #8,:]e=e1 ,o k+1 let my c\nsel be acceptable unto !e4' 7,dan4 iv4 #bc1 9 ,engli% #bg470aa ,a m /rik+ in/ance ( ! _s ( ! ,talmud c h>dly be f\nd4 ,nebu*adnezz> 0 ! b5efactor ( ,daniel1 & _h elevat$ him f ! situation ( a captive to ! fir/ dignity ( ! empire2 & ,daniel _h n refus$1 b volunt>ily tak5 ^u himself ! duties & responsibilities ( ! k+'s *ief advis]4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 an ord9>y read] ( ! ,bible w\ld imag9e t ,daniel 0 b\nd by e tie ( gratitude to 8 b5efactor1 ( duty & fidelity to 8 sov]eign1 to give him ! be/ advice 9 8 p[]4 ,no1 says ! ,talmud4 ,if ! man be an idolat]1 gratitude1 duty1 & fidelity are out ( ! "q2 & because ,daniel ex]cis$ ^? godlike graces1 he 0 puni%$4 ,x appe>s1 at all ev5ts1 on ! ,talmud's own %[+1 t ,daniel 0 n a ,talmudi/4 ,^! extracts seem suffici5t to prove1 t ! ,talmud altoge!r excludes idolat]s f all b5efit ( ! comm&1 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself40 ,! sy/em :i* makes x unlawful to save 8 life1 to cure 8 sickness1 to suckle 8 *ild1 to help 8 wife 9 ! h\r ( nature's trial1 or ev5 to give him good advice1 c sc>cely be said to tea* u to love all our fell[-m51 )\t any reg>d to religi\s diff]5ces4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be said1 t ! passages adduc$ lead to ?is conclusion only by inf]5ce1 & t none ( !m expressly decl>es t an idolat] is n our neighb\r4 ,we %all1 !re=e1 add a few passages :]e ?is is pla9ly taught4 1 1 8,he t /eals f a ,g5tile1 or he t /eals prop]ty devot$ to sacr$ purposes1 is only to pay ! pr9cipal3 = x is said1 #8,he %all pay d\ble unto 8 neighb\r4' 7,exod4 xxii4 #h1 ,engli% #i47 ,to 8 neighb\r1 n to devot$ prop]ty4 ,to 8 neighb\r1 & n to a ,g5tile40 7,hil*o? ,g5evah1 c4 ii4 #a47 ,! same decision is giv5 ) respect to ! law f\nd1 ,levit4 v4 #bj1 9 ,engli% vi4 #a1 8,if a s\l s91 & commit a trespass aga9/ ! ,"l1 & lie unto 8 neighb\r1 444 all t ab\t :i* he has sworn falsely2 he %all ev5 re/ore x 9 ! pr9cipal1 & %all add ! fif? "p m !reto40 ,! oral law says-- 8,he t swe>e? to a ,g5tile mu/ pay ! pr9cipal1 b is n b\nd to add ! fif? "p--7:y n87 because x is said1 #8& lie unto 8 neighb\r4'0 7,hil*o? ,gezelah1 c4 i4 #g47 ,s t ! reason "h assign$ :y ! ,g5tile is n to get ! fif? "p 9 addition1 is1 because he is n a neighb\r4 ,9 l mann]1 9 ! #aa? *apt] ( ?is same treatise1 :i* treats ( ! re/oration ( ?+s f\nd1 x is expressly comm&$ to re/ore :atev] belongs to a ,jew1 because he is a bro!r2 b to keep :atev] belongs to an idolat]1 because he is n a bro!r4 8,to re/ore to an ,israelite any?+ t he has lo/1 is an affirmative comm&m5t1 = x is said1 #8,?\ %alt 9 any case br+ !m aga9 unto ?y bro!r4'0 7,deut4 xxii4 #a47 1 1 8,any?+ t a ,g5tile has lo/ is lawful1 = x is said1 #8,) all lo/ ?+s ( ?y bro!r's4' 7,deut4 xxii4 #c47 ,& he t re/ores x transgresses a transgression1 = he /r5g!ns ! h&s ( ! wick$ ( ! _w4 ,b if he re/ore x 9 ord] to sanctify ! ,"n1 t !y may ?9k well ( ,israel1 & "k t !y are hone/ p1 ?is is praisewor?y40 ,9 ^! passages 7& _m m might be add$ if x 7 necess>y7 x is pla9ly taught t an idolatr\s ,g5tile is n to be reg>d$ z 8our neighb\r10 or our bro!r4 ,we ?9k1 !n1 t we h fully prov$ t ! ,jewi% deputies 9 ,france1 & ! compil]s ( ! ,jewi% ,cate*ism 9 ,bav>ia1 did n le>n _! exposition ( ! comm&1 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself10 f ! ,talmud2 nei!r 9 ! p>ticul> passage :i* !y quote1 nor f ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! ,talmudic sy/em4 ,we h already /at$ our belief t !y le>n$ t exposition f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 = !re x is taught pla9ly & repeat$ly4 ,we quot$1 9 pro(1 a p>able spok5 by ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,we %all n[ add a few m passages 9 confirmation4 ,z to %[+ k9dness to all our fell[-m51 ! ,new ,te/am5t tea*es u to make no exception ) reg>d to idolat]s1 or o!rs :o h n ! same cre$1 b gives ! foll[+ g5]al rules3--8,z we h1 !re=e1 opportunity1 let u d good ,,unto ,,all ,,m51 especially unto !m t are ( ! h\sehold ( fai?40 7,gal4 vi4 #aj47 8,see t no man r5d] evil = evil ,,unto ,,any ,,man2 b ev] foll[ t :i* is good bo? among y\rselves1 & ,,to ,,all ,,m540 7#a ,!ss4 v4 #ae47 8,! ,"l make y to increase & ab\nd ,,9 ,,love "o t[>d ano!r1 & ,,t[>d ,,all ,,m540 7#a ,!ss4 iii4 #ab47 ,y obs]ve t 9 ^! g5]al rules ! ,new ,te/am5t makes no res]vation ) respect to idolat]s1 or epicureans1 or h]etics1 or any o!r ( ^? un=tunate be+s :om ! ,talmud outlaws f all ! common *>ities ( humanity4 ,x comm&s u to d good to all--& t n to avoid enmity1 nor = ! sake ( ! ways ( peace1 nor because we are afraid1 nor because we wi% !m to speak well ( u1 & to be ?\ght hone/ p1 b because x is our duty4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t requires ( its foll[]s1 n only to ab/a9 8f active viol5ce0 9 injur+ !m1 b to d active good 9 assi/+ !m1 & ! examples1 :i* x proposes = our imitation1 are ( ! same "* z ! precepts :i* x imposes ^u our ob$i5ce4 ,x sets be=e u ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 :om ! traditioni/s crucifi$1 pray+ = 8 murd]]s1 & say+1 8,fa!r1 =give !m2 = !y "k n :at !y d0--& ,/eph51 8 fir/ m>tyr1 int]c$+ = !m t /on$ him1 8,"l1 lay n ?is s9 to _! *>ge40 ,& ,paul1 ^: feel+s to ^? :o diff]$ f him 9 religion are ?us express$1 8,bre?r51 my he>t's desire & my pray] to ,god = ,israel is1 t !y may be sav$40 ,x sets be=e u ! disciples ( ! ,"l ,jesus heal+ ! diseases ( all :o appli$1 )\t ref]5ce to _! religi\s op9ions4 7,acts xix4 #aa47 ,we repeat our "q1 !n1 :i* sy/em is accord+ to ! tru? & ! w ( ,god1 ! ,talmud1 or ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,y\r bre?r5 9 ,france & ,bav>ia h decl>$1 by adopt+ ! ,new ,te/am5t exposition1 t x is "r2 & by reject+ ! intol]ant pr9ciple :i* p]vades ! oral law1 t ! oral law is wrong4 ,we tru/ t y\r he>ts respond to _! decl>ations4 ,b we d n re/ ! decision on ! natural feel+s ( ! he>t1 we appeal to ,moses & ! prophets4 ,! "q is1 d ! laws1 :i* ,god gave respect+ ! idolatr\s nations ( ,canaan1 apply to all o!r idolat]s1 & "u all circum/ances8 ,! oral law answ]s ?is "q 9 ! affirmative1 & h5ce ! s\rce ( all ^? revolt+ laws :i* we h j consid]$4 ,b ! oral law is wrong3 #a/1 ,because x draws a g5]al conclusion f a p>ticul> case1 :i* is contr>y to all s\nd reason+4 ,t ! comm& to de/roy ^! nations 0 peculi> appe>s f ! comm& itself--,god does n speak g5]ally ( all ! hea!n1 b only ( c]ta9 nations :i* he specifies--8,:5 ! ,"l ?y ,god %all br+ !e into ! l&1 :i!r ?\ goe/ to possess x1 & ha? ca/ out _m nations be=e !e1 ! ,hittites1 & ! ,girga%ites1 & ! ,amorites1 & ! ,canaanites1 & ! ,p]izzites1 & ! ,hivites1 & ! ,jebusites1 sev5 nations great] & mighti] ?an ?\2 & :5 ! ,"l ?y ,god %all deliv] !m be=e !e2 ?\ %alt smite !m1 & utt]ly de/roy !m2 ?\ %alt make no cov5ant )1 nor %ew m]cy unto !m40 7,deut4 vii4 #a1 #b47 ,"h ! comm& is precise1 & is z mu* violat$ by ext5d+ x to ^? to :om ,god has n ext5d$ x1 z by refus+ to execute x on ^? :om ,he has "h designat$ z ! j victims ( 8 wra?4 #b;dly1 ,! oral law is wrong 9 ?is g5]al application1 = x contradicts ! writt5 law--,god expressly di/+ui%es betwe5 ^! & ! o!r nations--8,:5 ?\ come/ nigh unto a city to fight aga9/ x1 !n proclaim peace unto x4 ,& x %all be1 if x make !e answ] ( peace1 & op5 unto !e1 !n x %all be1 t all ! p t is f\nd !re9 %all be tribut>ies unto !e1 & !y %all s]ve !e4444 ,?us %alt ?\ d unto all ! cities :i* are v f> f !e1 :i* are n ( ! cities ( ^! nations4 ,b ( ! cities ( ^! p1 :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god do? give !e = an inh]itance1 ?\ %alt save alive no?+ t brea!?1 b ?\ %alt utt]ly de/roy !m2 ! ,hittites1 & ! ,amorites1 ! ,canaanites1 & ! ,p]izzites1 ! ,hivites1 & ! ,jebusites2 z ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? comm&$ !e40 7,deut4 xx4 #aj1 #ah47 ,9 ! fir/ case ,god comm&s m]cy--9 ! second1 ext]m9ation4 ,& if1 z 9 ! fir/ case1 he comm&s m]ciful deal+ ev5 to a nation at w> ) ,israel1 mu* m does he comm& x t[>ds ^?1 ) :om ,israel is n at w>4 #c;dly1 ,! writt5 law n only gives a g5]al rule1 b lays d[n exceptions f\nd$ on c]ta9 pr9ciples4 8,?\ %alt n abhor an ,edomite1 = he is ?y bro!r2 ?\ %alt n abhor an ,egyptian1 because ?\ wa/ a /rang] 9 8 l&40 7,deut4 xxiii4 #g47 ,n[ ! ,egyptians 7 idolat]s1 yet ,god comm&s ! ,israelites n to abhor !m1 & gives a reason :i* w n[ apply to mo/ nations ( ! e>?--8,because ?\ wa/ a /rang] 9 8 l&40 ,suppose1 !n1 t a ,rabb9i/ 7 to see an ,egyptian dr[n+1 is he to %[ him m]cy8 ,to say1 ,no1 w contradict ! writt5 law2 & to say1 ,yes1 w ov]?r[ ! mon/r\s fabric ( ,rabb9ic legislation respect+ idolat]s4 #d?ly1 ,! g5]al practice ( ! ,israelites1 z describ$ 9 ! subsequ5t books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 directly contradicts ! oral law4 ,we h se5 already t ! ,prophet ,daniel did n hold ! doctr9e1 t no m]cy 0 to be %[n to an idolat]4 ,:5 he knew ( ! judgm5t t 0 ab\t to desc5d on ,nebu*adnezz>1 he 0 deeply di/ress$4 8,he 0 a/oni$ = "o h\r1 & 8 ?\ghts tr\bl$ him20 & in/ead ( leav+ ! idolat] to p]i%1 he endeav\r$ to f9d means to w>d (f ! calamity4 ,! prophet ,eli%a 0 ( ! same m9d3 :5 ! idolatr\s lep] came to him = help1 he adm9i/]$ x1 &1 contr>y to ! ,talmudic comm&1 he adm9i/]$ x gratuit\sly2 & ,gehazi1 = act+ 9 con=mity to ,talmudic ord9ance1 & mak+ ! idolat] pay1 0 smitt5 ) ! leprosy4 7#b ,k+s v4 #bj47 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ! ,syrian ho/ 0 miracul\sly l$ into ,sam>ia1 & ! ,k+ ( ,israel propos$ to act z a ,talmudi/ & smite !m1 ! man ( ,god answ]$1 8,?\ %alt n smite !m2 w\lde/ ?\ smite ^? :om ?\ ha/ tak5 ) ?y sword & b[8 ,set bread & wat] be=e !m1 t !y may eat & dr9k & g to _! ma/]40 7#b ,k+s vi4 #ba1 #bb47 ,?is answ] is important1 z x n only furni%es an example1 b exhibits ! pr9ciple1 accord+ to :i* idolatr\s captives1 n ,canaanites1 7 to be treat$4 ,! prophet appeals to ! g5]al rule1 8,w\lde/ ?\ smite ^? :om ?\ ha/ tak5 captive ) ?y sword & b[8 ,ev5 !n1 z !y are n ,canaanites1 !y ought n to be smitt53 !re=e1 9 ?is case mu* m1 !y ought to be treat$ ) m]cy40 ,we h /ill ano!r in/ance ( a prophet act+ contr>y to ! oral law1 & 9 con=mity ) ! ,new ,te/am5t int]pretation4 ,! prophet ,jonah once saw idolat]s 8nigh unto dea?10 & ready to s9k 9 ! great deep1 b he _h m]cy on !m1 & po9t$ out ! means ( deliv]ance4 ,:5 he fl$ f ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l1 ! m>9]s 9 ^: %ip he sail$ 7 idolat]s2 = :5 ! /orm rag$1 x is said1 8,!y cri$ e man unto 8 god40 ,9 _! angui% !y said unto him1 8,:at %all we d unto !e1 t ! sea may be calm unto u80 ,9 o!r words1 8,:at %all we d to save our lives80 ,n[ if ,jonah _h be5 a ,talmudi/1 x w\ld h be5 pla9ly n 8 duty to h told !m1 b to h all[$ ! sea to rage on until ! %ip w5t to pieces1 & he _h ! satisfaction ( see+ ! idolat]s g to ! bottom4 ,?is w\ld h be5 an act ( ob$i5ce to a precise comm&1 & c\ld h made no diff]5ce to ,jonah4 ,=1 z to himself1 !re are two suppositions possible1 ei!r he knew t ! ,"l _h prep>$ a fi% to swall[ him1 or he knew x n4 ,if he knew x1 !n he 0 secure ( 8 own safety1 & w\ld h kn[n t ! fi% c\ld f9d him out j z readily if ! %ip w5t to pieces1 z if ! idolat]s ?rew him into ! sea4 ,x w\ld1 !re=e1 h be5 d\bly 8 duty to conceal f ! idolat]s ! means ( deliv]ance4 ,on ?is supposition1 ,jonah's c\nsel to !m c only be acc\nt$ = on ! pr9ciple t he 0 n a ,talmudi/1 b consid]$ x 8 duty to save ! lives ( p]i%+ idolat]s1 ev5 :5 no?+ 0 to be fe>$ or to be ga9$4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he did n "k ( ! fi%1 he mu/ h expect$ a wat]y grave1 :e!r ! idolat]s ?rew him into ! sea1 or :e!r he wait$ until ! %ip w5t to pieces4 ,9 ?is case1 also1 if a ,talmudi/1 x w\ld h be5 8 duly to h /ag$ :]e he 01 & if he p]i%$1 die 9 ! fulfilm5t or ! comm&1 to %[ no m]cy to idolat]s4 ,b he did n--he _h compassion on !m1 &1 to save _! lives1 rel9qui%$ 8 only *ance ( safety1 by tell+ !m to ?r[ him into ! sea4 ,x is pla91 !re=e1 ,jonah 0 n a ,talmudi/4 ,we h "h1 !n1 ?ree inspir$ prophets1 ,daniel1 ,eli%a1 & ,jonah1 all be>+ a practical te/imony aga9/ ! ,talmudic pr9ciple1 :i* ext5ds ,god's law aga9/ ! ,canaanites to all idolat]s1 & "u all circum/ances4 ,la/ly1 ,we h ! te/imony ( ! ,god ( ,israel himself4 ,he :o gave ! comm& to de/roy ! ,canaanites on acc\nt ( _! exce$+ wick$ness1 %[s by 8 own deal+s ) ! _w1 t ?is case is an exception to ! g5]al rule1 = 8,! ,"l is good to all1 & 8 m]cies are ov] all 8 works40 ,he provides food & clo?+ = ! idolat]1 z well z = ^? :o wor%ip him 9 tru?2 or1 z ! ,new ,te/am5t says1 8,he make? 8 sun to rise on ! evil & on ! good1 & s5de? ra9 on ! j & ! unju/40 7,matt4 vi4 #de47 ,he1 !n1 ^: conduct mo/ resembles t ( 8 ,creator1 is1 beyond all d\bt1 ! ne>e/ to ! tru?4 ,! ,talmud1 !re=e1 is wrong1 & ! ,new ,te/am5t explanation ( ! comm&1 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself10 is "r4 ,we ask ! ,jews1 !n1 to acc\nt = ?is fact1 t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 "r1 & ^? :o condemn$ him wrong1 respect+ "o-half ( ! :ole law4 ,& we ask1 moreov]1 ^? ,jews :o abhor ! above ,talmudic pr9ciples1 h[ !y c consci5ti\sly jo9 9 ! synagogue pray]s1 :i* ascribe to ! ,talmud ,div9e au?ority8 ,we ask !m :y1 at ! v lea/1 !y h nev] publicly prote/$ aga9/ ^! enormities2 b all[ _! bre?r5 ?r\gh ! _w to rema9 victims to a sy/em1 :i* n only contradicts ! writt5 law ( ,god1 b outrages all ! bett] feel+s ( ev5 fall5 humanity8 ,footnote #aa3 ,hil*o? ,rotzea*1 c4 xii4 #ae4 ,see also ,bava ,ba?ra1 fol4 iv4 col4 #a41 ab\t ! middle ( ! page1 :]e ! puni%m5t ( ,daniel is m fully discuss$4 ,no4 ,,vi4 ,,compulsory ,,conv]sion ,,( ,,! ,,g5tiles4 ,:51 at ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! ,jews 7 driv5 out ( ,spa91 "s ( ! magnanim\s exiles1 :o _h pref]r$ loss ( all ?+s to a compulsory *ange ( religion1 arriv$ at ! fronti]s ( ,portugal1 & !re s\ght an asylum4 ,a p]man5t abode 0 refus$1 & a tempor>y soj\rn 0 grant$ !m on two conditions--#a/1 ,t ea* %\ld pay a c]ta9 quantity ( gold = 8 admission2 & #b;dly1 ,t if !y 7 f\nd 9 ,portugal aft] a c]ta9 day1 !y %\ld ei!r cons5t to be baptiz$1 or be sold = slaves4#ab ,n[ ,jews ( e degree & %ade ( religi\s belief w agree ) u1 t ^! conditions 7 mo/ disgraceful to ^? :o impos$ !m4 ,to refuse gratuit\s assi/ance to ! poor & ne$y1 m]ely because !y _h be5 br\ght up 9 a diff]5t religi\s fai?1 0 utt]ly unwor?y ( ^? pr(ess+ fai? 9 ,div9e revelation4 ,to compel ! un=tunate to *oose betwe5 loss ( lib]ty or ( consci5ce 0 ! act ( a fi5d4 ,b n[ suppose t ! ,portuguese _h endeav\r$ to p]suade ^! poor exiles t _! conduct1 h[ev] base x might appe>1 0 comm&$ by ,god himself4 ,suppose1 fur!r1 t :5 call$ ^u to prove t ?is comm& 0 f ,god1 !y _h confess$ t no su* comm& 0 to be f\nd 9 ! writt5 books ( _! religion1 t x 0 only a tradition ( _! oral law1 d y ?9k t ! ,jewi% exiles w\ld h be5 satisfi$ ) su* pro(1 & submitt$8 ,w\ld !y n1 9 ! fir/ place1 h que/ion$ ! au?ority ( a comm& re/+ m]ely ^u unc]ta9 tradition8 ,& w\ld !y n h argu$1 f ! dete/able nature ( ! comm& itself1 t x c\ld n possibly emanate f ! ,god ( tru? & love8 ,we ask y !n to apply ^! pr9ciples to ! oral law4 ,! ,portuguese refus$ to p]=m an act ( humanity to ! un=tunate ,jewi% exiles1 unless !y 7 paid = x4 ,y\r oral law1 z we %[$ 9 our la/ numb]1 =bids y to give m$ical advice to a sick idolat] gratuit\sly4 ,! ,portuguese volunt>ily und]took to conv]t ! ,jews by =ce4 ,y\r oral law tea*es compulsory conv]sion z a ,div9e comm&4 ,if ! oral law c\ld be en=c$1 lib]ty ( consci5ce w\ld be at an end4 ,nei!r ,jew nor ,g5tile w\ld be p]mitt$ to ex]cise ! judgm5t1 :i* ,god has giv5 him4 ,8 only alt]native w\ld be submission to ,rabb9ic au?ority1 or dea?4 ,! dreadful comm& to kill1 by any means1 ^? ,israelites :o h become epicureans1 or idolat]s1 or apo/ates1 is well kn[n1#ac & suffici5tly proves t ! oral law recognises no su* ?+ z lib]ty ( consci5ce 9 ,israel4 ,x pron\nces a man an apo/ate if he d5ies its ,div9e au?ority1 & dem&s 8 life z ! p5alty4 ,! execution ( ?is "o comm& w\ld fill ! _w ) blood & horror2 & recall all ! wor/ features ( inquisitorial tyranny4 ,n n[ to m5tion ^? ,israelites :o h embrac$ ,*ri/ianity1 !re are 9 ,engl&1 & e "p ( ,europe1 _m high-m9d$ & hon\rable ,jews1 :o h practically r5\nc$ ! au?ority ( ! oral law4 ,! ,rabb9ical mill5nium w\ld comm5ce by h&+ ov] all su* to ! execution]4 ,_! tal5ts1 _! virtue1 _! le>n+1 _! moral excell5ce1 w\ld avail no?+4 ,f\nd guilty ( epicureanism or apo/asy1 because !y d>$ to ?9k = !mselves1 & to act accord+ to _! convictions1 !y w\ld h to und]go ! epicurean's or ! apo/ate's fate4 ,su* is ! tol]ation ( ! oral law t[>ds native ,israelites1 b x is equally sev]e to conv]ts4 ,x all[s no second ?\ghts4 ,x legislates = relaps$ conv]ts1 z ! ,spani% ,inquisition did = ^? ,jews :o1 aft] embrac+ ,*ri/ianity1 return$ to _! =m] fai? & s5t5ces all su* to dea?4 1 1 1 8,a ,noahite :o has become a proselyte1 & be5 circumcis$ & baptiz$1 & aft]w>ds wi%es to return f aft] ! ,"l1 & to be only a soj\rn+ proselyte1 z he 0 be=e1 is n to be li/5$ to--on ! contr>y1 ei!r let him be an ,israelite 9 ev]y?+1 or let him be put to dea?40 7,hil*o? ,mela*im1 c4 x4 #c47 ,9 ?is law !re is an extraord9>y sev]ity4 ,! oral law admits t a ,noahite1 t is1 a hea!n :o has tak5 ^u himself ! sev5 comm&m5ts ( ! *ildr5 ( ,noah1 may be sav$4 ,x _c1 !re=e1 be said t ! sev]ity 0 dictat$ by a wi% to det] m5 f error1 & to re/ra9 !m f ru%+ ^u ev]la/+ ru91 z ! ,inquisition pleads4 ,! oral law goes a little fur!r1 & n only w n p]mit a man to *ange 8 cre$1 b w n ev5 suff] him to *ange 8 c]emonial obs]vances4 ,?\gh ! man %\ld commit no crime1 & ?\gh he %\ld cont9ue to wor%ip ! "o true ,god1 9 _s & 9 tru?1 yet if he only alt] ! outw>d =ms ( 8 religion1 mod]n ,judaism requires t he %\ld be put to dea?4 ,b ! t5d] c>e ( ! oral law is n limit$ to ! n>r[ conf9es ( ,judaism1 x ext5ds also to ! hea!n1 among/ :om x directs ! true fai? to be propagat$ by ! sword4 ,fir/1 x gives a p>ticul> rule4 ,9 case ( w> ) ! ,g5tiles1 x comm&s ! ,jews to (f] peace on two conditions--! "o t !y %\ld become tribut>ies1 ! o!r t !y %\ld r5\nce idolatry & take ^u !m ! sev5 precepts ( ! ,noahites1 & !n adds-- 1 8,b if !y w n make peace1 or if !y w make peace b w n take ^u !m ! sev5 comm&m5ts1 ! w> is to be c>ri$ on aga9/ !m1 & all ! adult males are to be put to dea?2 & _! prop]ty & _! little ones are to be tak5 z plund]4 ,b no woman or male infant is to be put to dea?1 = x is said1 #8,! wom5 & ! little ones' 7,deut4 xx4 #ad471 & "h little ones mean male infants40 7,hil*o? ,mela*im1 c4 vi4 #d47 ,n[ :at diff]5ce1 we w\ld ask1 is !re betwe5 ! conduct "h prescrib$1 & t actually practis$ by ! ,portuguese1 at ! p]iod above ref]r$ to1 & ?us describ$ by a ,jew3#ad--8;,at ! expiration ( ! appo9t$ "t1 mo/ ( ! ,jews _h emigrat$1 b _m /ill rema9$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! ,k+ !re=e gave ord]s to take away f !m all _! *ildr5 "u f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 to di/ribute !m among/ ,*ri/ians1 to s5d !m to ! newly-discov]$ isl&s1 & ?us to pluck up ,judaism by ! roots4 ,dreadful 0 ! cry ( lam5tation utt]$ by ! p>5ts1 b ! un=tunates f\nd no m]cy40 ,d y condemn ?is conduct 9 ! ,portuguese8 ,be !n consi/5t1 & condemn x 9 ! ,talmud too4 ,z = ourselves1 we abhor x z mu*1 yea m1 9 ^? call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians1 ,we look ^u ! actors 9 t transaction z a disgrace to ! ,*ri/ian "n1 & ! de$ itself z a f\l blot ^u ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,b we _c help ?9k+ t1 dreadful & dete/able z ?is mode ( conv]sion is1 x pleas$ ,god 9 8 provid5ce to suff] wick$ m5 ?us to p]secute ,israel1 t ! ,jews might h a practical exp]i5ce ( ! wick$ness ( ! oral law1 & ?us be l$ to reject su* p]secut+ pr9ciples4 ,! ,jewi% nation reject$ ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & pref]r$ ! oral law4 ,?is law1 n dictat$ by a _s ( retaliation ^u ! ,portuguese1 b inv5t$ by ! ,ph>isees c5turies be=e ,portugal 0 a k+dom1 comm&$ ! ,jews to conv]t ! hea!n by =ce1 to murd] all :o w\ld n cons5t to be ?us conv]t$1 & to take away ! *ildr54 ,& ,god suff]$ !m to fall into ! h&s ( m5 ( simil> pr9ciples1 :o took away _! *ildr51 attempt$ to conv]t !mselves by =ce1 & sold = slaves ! ,jews :o refus$ to be ?us conv]t$2 s t ! v mis=tunes ( ! nation te/ify al\d aga9/ ^? traditions :i* !y pref]r$ to ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,b p]haps "s ,jew w say t ?is is only a p>ticul> comm&1 ref]r+ to ! nations 9 ! vic9ity ( ! l& ( ,israel4 ,we reply1 t ! comm& to conv]t ! hea!n by =ce1 is n p>ticul>1 b g5]al1 ref]r+ to ! :ole _w4 ,if ! ,jews _h ! p[]1 ?is is ! conduct :i* !y are to pursue t[>ds all ! nations ( ! e>?4 1 8,& ?us ,moses our ma/]1 has comm&$ u1 by ,div9e tradition1 to compel all t come into ! _w to take ^u !mselves ! comm&m5ts impos$ ^u ! sons ( ,noah1 & :osoev] w n receive !m is to be put to dea?40 7,hil*o? ,mela*im1 c4 viii4 #d47 ,su* is ! ,talmudic sy/em ( tol]ation1 & su* ! means :i* x prescribes = ! conv]sion ( ! _w4 ,we ackn[l$ge t p]sons call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians h _h an oral law v simil> 9 its pr9ciples & precepts1 b we fe>lessly *all5ge ! :ole _w to po9t out any?+ simil> 9 ! doctr9es ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 or 9 ! writ+s ( 8 apo/les4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t does1 inde$1 tea* u to seek ! conv]sion ( ! _w1 n by =ce ( arms1 b by tea*+ ! tru?4 8,g ye1 !re=e1 & make disciples ( all nations1 baptiz+ !m 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 tea*+ !m to obs]ve all ?+s :atsoev] ,i h comm&$ y40 7,matt4 xxviii4 #ai47 ,9 ! p>able ( ! t>es & :eat1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? ha? expressly taught u t physical =ce is n to be employ$ 9 ord] to remove moral error4 ,! s]vants are repres5t$ z ask+ ! ma/] ( ! h\se1 :e!r !y %\ld g & root out ! t>es t grew among/ ! :eat1 b ! answ] is1 8,nay1 le/ :ile ye ga!r up ! t>es1 ye root up also ! :eat ) !m4 ,let bo? gr[ toge!r until ! h>ve/2 & 9 ! "t ( h>ve/ ,i w say to ! reap]s1 ,ga!r ye toge!r fir/ ! t>es1 & b9d !m 9 bundles to burn !m3 b ga!r ! :eat into my b>n40 7,matt4 xiii4 #bd-dc47 ,he tells u expressly to h no?+ to d ) ! sword1 8,= all !y t take ! sword1 %all p]i% ) ! sword40 7,matt4 xxvi4 #eb47 ,& !re=e ! apo/le says1 8,! weapons ( our w>f>e are n c>nal1 b mighty ?r\gh ,god to ! pull+ d[n ( /rong holds40 7#b ,cor4 x4 #d47 ,"h aga91 !n1 !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! oral law & ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! =m] comm&s t ! tru? be ma9ta9$ & propagat$ by ! sword4 ,! latt] tells u t 8fai? come? by he>+1 & he>+ by ! ,^w ( ,god40 ,:i*1 !n1 is mo/ agreeable to ! doctr9e ( ,moses & ! prophets8 ,we answ] fe>lessly1 ! means prescrib$ by ! ,new ,te/am5t1 =-- #a/1 ,no in/ance c be adduc$ f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 :i* ,god comm&$ ! propagation ( ! tru? by ! p[] ( ! sword4 ,! extirpation ( ! sev5 nations ( ,canaan is n 9 po9t1 = ! ,israelites 7 n comm&$ to make !m any (f] ( m]cy on condition ( conv]sion4 ,! measure ( _! iniquity 0 full1 & !re=e ! comm& to de/roy e s\l absolute4 ,nei!r 9 ! comm& ref]r$ to by ,maimonides is !re ! lea/ ref]5ce to conv]sion4 ,x simply says1 8,:5 ?\ come/ nigh unto a city to fight aga9/ x1 !n proclaim peace unto x4 ,& x %all be if x make !e answ] ( peace1 & op5 unto !e1 !n x %all be t all ! p t is f\nd !re9 %all be tribut>ies unto !e1 & !y %all s]ve !e4 ,& if x w make no peace ) !e1 b w make w> aga9/ !e1 !n ?\ %alt besiege x3 & :5 ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? deliv]$ x into ?9e h&s1 ?\ %alt smite e male !re( ) ! edge ( ! sword4 ,b ! wom5 & ! little ones1 & ! cattle1 & all t is 9 ! city1 ev5 all ! spoil !re(1 %alt ?\ take unto ?yself40 7,deut4 xx4 #aj-ad47 ,"h is n "o ^w said ab\t conv]sion1 or ab\t ! sev5 comm&m5ts ( ! sons ( ,noah4 ,! comm& itself is hypo!tical1 8,:5 ?\ come/ nigh unto a city20 & !re=e gives no col\r nor pretext = sett+ out on a w> ( conv]sion1 8to compel all t come into ! _w40 ,z x /&s1 x is a humane & m]ciful direction to re/ra9 ! horrors ( ! !n prevail+ sy/em ( w>f>e2 & beautifully exemplifies ! value :i* ,god sets ^u ! life ( man1 :atev] 8 nation or 8 religion4 ,he w n suff] x to be de/roy$ unnecess>ily2 & ev5 9 case ( extremity1 he comm&s ! lives ( ! wom5 & ! *ildr51 :o nev] bore arms aga9/ ,israel1 to be sp>$4 ,!re is n a syllable ab\t =c+ _! consci5ces3 t is all pure gratuit\s addition ( ! oral law1 :i* turns a m]ciful comm& into an occasion ( bigotry & religi\s tyranny4 #b;dly1 ,z ,god has giv5 no comm& to propagate religion by ! sword1 s nei!r has ,he giv5 any c\nt5ance to su* doctr9e1 by ! in/rum5tality :i* ,he has employ$ = ! pres]vation ( religion 9 ! _w4 ,he did n *oose a mighty nation ( soldi]s z ! depositories ( 8 tru?1 nor any ( ! ov]turn]s ( k+doms = 8 prophets4 ,if x _h be5 8 int5tion to conv]t ! _w by =ce ( arms1 ,nimrod w\ld h be5 a m suitable in/rum5t ?an ,abraham1 & ! mighty k+dom ( ,egypt m fitt$ = ! task ?an ! family ( ,hebrew captives4 ,b by ! v *oice ,he %[$1 t tru? 0 to be propagat$ by ,div9e p[] work+ conviction 9 ! m9ds ( m51 & n by physical /r5g?4 ,x w\ld h be5 j z easy = him to h turn$ e ,hebrew captive 9 ,egypt into a ,samson1 z to turn ! wat]s into blood2 & to h s5t !m into ! _w to ov]turn idolatry by brute =ce2 b ,he pref]r$ to enlight5 ! m9ds ( m5 by exhibit+ a s]ies ( miracles1 calculat$ to conv9ce !m ( 8 et]nal p[] & ,godhead4 ,:5 ! t5 tribes revolt$1 & fell away into idolatry1 ,he did n employ ! sword ( ,judah1 b ! voice ( 8 prophets1 to recall !m to ! tru?4 ,he did n compel !m1 z ! oral law w\ld h done1 to an outw>d pr(ession1 b dealt ) !m z ) rational be+s1 & left !m to ! *oice ( _! he>ts4 ,n9eveh 0 n conv]t$ by ,jewi% soldi]s1 b by ! prea*+ ( ,jonah4 ,s f> is ,god f comm&+ ! propagation ( religion by ! sword1 t ,he w\ld n ev5 suff] a man ( w> to build a temple = 8 wor%ip4 ,:5 ,david ?\ght ( erect+ a temple1 ! ,"l said unto him1 8,?\ ha/ %$ blood abundantly1 & ha/ made great w>s2 ?\ %alt n build an h\se unto my "n1 because ?\ ha/ %$ mu* blood ^u ! e>?40 7#a ,*ron4 xxii4 #h47 ,?us ha? ,god %[n 8 abhorr5ce ( compulsory conv]sion1 & 9 all 8 deal+s confirm$ 8 ,^w1 8,n by might nor by p[]1 b by my ,_s1 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s40 7,ze*4 iv4 #f47 #c;dly1 ,god has 9 8 ,^w promis$ ! conv]sion ( ! _w1 b n by ! means prescrib$ 9 ! oral law4 ,8 promise to ,abraham 01 8,9 ?y se$ %all all ! families ( ! e>? be bless$40 7,g54 xxii4 #ah47 ,n[ ?is c h>dly mean t 8 desc5dants are to treat all nations1 z ! ,portuguese treat$ ! ,jews4 ,! #gbnd ,psalm gives r a diff]5t view ( ! fulfilm5t ( ?is promise4 ,x promises n a victori\s soldi] l ,mahomet1 b "o 89 ^: days ! righte\s %all fl\ri%1 & abundance ( peace s long z ! moon endure?4444 ,all nations %all call ,him bless$40 ,! prophet ,isaiah tells u 8t out ( ,zion %all g =? 7n conqu]+ armies to compel1 b7 ! law1 & ! ,^w ( ! ,"l f ,j]usalem4 ,& he %all judge among ! nations1 & rebuke _m p2 & !y %all beat _! swords into pl\gh%>es1 & _! spe>s into prun+-hooks2 nation %all n lift up sword aga9/ nation1 nei!r %all !y le>n w> any m40 ,ze*>iah says1 8,he %all speak peace to ! hea!n20 & decl>es t ! conv]sion ( ! _w w n be ! rew>d ( conque/1 b ! result ( conviction4 8,9 ^? days x %all come to pass1 t t5 m5 %all take hold1 out ( all ! languages ( ! nations1 ev5 %all take hold ( ! skirt ( him t is a ,jew1 say+1 ,we w g ) y1 = we h he>d t ,god is ) y40 7,ze*4 viii4 #bc47 ,"h aga91 !n1 y see t :il/ ! oral law diff]s f ,moses & ! prophets1 ! ,new ,te/am5t agrees ) !m4 ,acc\nt1 !n1 = ?is extraord9>y fact1 t :il/ ! :ole ,jewi% nation lo/ ! great & glori\s doctr9e ( lib]ty ( consci5ce1 x has be5 pres]v$ = y & = all mank9d by ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,j suppose t ! pr9ciples ( ! ,talmud _h triumph$1 ei!r among/ ! ,jews or ! ,portuguese1 :at w\ld h be5 ! consequ5ce to ! _w8 ,if ! ,talmudi/s _h atta9$ to supreme p[]1 we %\ld h _h to *oose betwe5 compulsory conv]sion & ! sword4 ,if ! ,portuguese _h atta9$ to univ]sal dom9ion1 bo? y & we %\ld h _h ! alt]native ( compulsory conv]sion or ! fires ( ! ,inquisition4 ,9 ei!r case1 ! noble/ & mo/ preci\s gift t ! ,god ( heav5 ev] s5t d[n to e>?1 lib]ty ( consci5ce1 w\ld h be5 ext9ct4 ,b1 ?ank ,god1 ! doctr9e ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? has triumph$ ov] ! oral laws ( bo? ,jews & ,portuguese1 & ! result is1 t bo? y & we h ! lib]ty ( wor%ipp+ ,god accord+ to ! convictions ( our und]/&+ & ! dictates ( our consci5ce4 ,behold1 !n1 h[ y are indebt$ to ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,)\t him y w\ld n h kn[n religi\s lib]ty1 ei!r !oretically or practically4 ,he is "r on ?is all-important po9t1 :il/ ^? :o condemn$ him to dea? & reject$ 8 claims are wrong4 ,if he 0 n ! true ,messiah1 b only a pret5d]1 h[ is x t ,god has made him & 8 doctr9e ! exclusive *annel = pres]v+ ! tru? ( 8 ,^w1 & convey+ su* bless+s to y z well z to u ,g5tiles8 ,if ! ,ph>isees 7 "r 9 reject+ him1 h[ is x t ,god has rew>d$ _! piety by giv+ !m ov] to su* gross delusions1 & mak+ !m ! transmitt]s ( doctr9es1 :i* w\ld fill ! _w ) blood & hatr$ & discord1 & make ev5 ! tru? odi\s 9 ! eyes ( all mank9d8 ,= ourselves we _c help com+ to ! conclusion1 t ,he :o has taught u m]cy & love to all m51 & deliv]$ bo? y & u f su* horrors--& :o1 9 do+ ?is1 rose above all ! doctr9es ( 8 nation & 8 times1 0 taught ( ,god1 & is1 !re=e1 ! true ,messiah1 ! ,savi\r ( ! _w4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t ?is doctr9e has already be5 a bless+ to ! _w2 & t until y\r nation embrace its pr9ciples1 at lea/ on ?is "o po9t ( love & tol]ation1 x is impossible t ! promis$ glory & pre-em95ce ( ! ,jewi% nation %\ld come4 ,) su* pr9ciples z are inculcat$ 9 ! oral law1 a re/oration to ! l& ( y\r =efa!rs w\ld be no bless+4 ,x w\ld only realize all ! legislative & religi\s speculations ( ! ,talmudi/s1 & arm !m ) ! p[] to tyrannize ov] _! m enlight5$ bre?r54 ,x w\ld be ! triumph ( tradition ov] ! ,^w ( ,god1 & t ! ,god ( tru? w n p]mit4 ,x w\ld be to in/al ! _s ( intol]ance & p]secution on ! ?rone ( love & *>ity1 & t ,god w n suff]4 ,! ,talmud is1 ?us1 a ma9 ob/acle 9 ! way ( ,god's fulfill+ 8 promises to ! nation1 because x incapacitates ,israel = ! reception or ! "r employm5t ( ! promis$ bless+s4 ,is x n1 !n1 ! duty ( all ,jews :o desire & long = ! glory & ! happ9ess :i* ,god has promis$1 to lift up _! voice ) p[]1 & to prote/ aga9/ t sy/em :i* prev5ts ! fulfilm5t ( ,god's promises2 & by all lawful means to endeav\r to deliv] _! bre?r5 f ! bondage ( su* intol]ance8 ,footnote #ab3 ,jo/4 volume vii4 p4 #ia4 ,footnote #ac3 ,hil*o? ,rotzea*1 c4 iv4 #aj4 ,footnote #ad3 ,dr4 ,jo/'s ,ges*i*te d] ,israelit51 vol4 vii4 p4 #ic4 ,no4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,fea/ ,,( ,,purim4 ,! fea/ ( ,purim n[ at h&1 recalls to ! ,jewi% recollection "o ( ^? miracul\s deliv]ances1 ) :i* ! hi/ory ( ,israel ab\nds4 ,! n>rative ( ! in/itution1 z conta9$ 9 ! ,bible1 is a signal pro( & illu/ration ( ! sup]9t5d+ provid5ce ( ,god1 in/ructive to all ! _w1 b call+ peculi>ly = ! gratitude & praise ( ! ,jewi% nation1 ^: =efa!rs 7 !n deliv]$4 ,& x is mu* to ! hon\r ( _! po/]ity t !y h n suff]$ ! lapse ( m ?an tw5ty c5turies to we> out ! memory ( ?is great ev5t1 b t to ?is day !y obs]ve its anniv]s>y ) alacrity & zeal4 ,if ! oral law simply cont5t$ itself ) comm&+ ! obs]vance & prescrib+ ! mode ( wor%ip = su* an important season1 we %\ld h no fault to f9d2 b ! oral law claims = itself ,div9e orig9 & au?ority1 ana!matizes any d5ial ( ^! claims z h]esy1 & s5t5ces ! h]etic to dea?4 ,we are1 !re=e1 compell$ to exam9e its pret5sions1 & to scrut9ize its features1 9 ord] to see :e!r !y really be> ! /amp ( div9ity4 ,we h already po9t$ out "s1 t sav\r$ m ( e>? ?an heav53 ! con/itutions = ! fea/ ( ,purim may be trac$ to ! same s\rce4 ,! foll[+ law respect+ ! meal to be provid$ on ?is occasion did c]ta9ly n come to man f heav53-- 1 8,a man's duty ) reg>d to ! fea/ is1 t he %\ld eat meat & prep>e a suitable fea/ accord+ to 8 means2 & dr9k w9e1 until he be drunk1 & fell asleep 9 8 drunk5ness40 7,hil*o? ,megillah1 c4 ii4 #ae47 ,! ,talmud1 h[ev]1 is n satisfi$ ) s indef9ite a direction1 b lays d[n1 ) its usual precision1 ! exact measure ( intoxication requir$4 8,a man is b\nd to get s drunk ) w9e at ,purim1 z n to "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,curs$ is ,haman1 & ,bless$ is ,mordecai40 7,megillah1 fol4 #g1 col4 #b47 ,b p]haps "s le>n$ *ampion ( ! ,talmud w fly to t sort ( refuge = de/itute comm5tators1 ! p>abolic language ( ! ori5t1 & tell u t ?is precept is n to be und]/ood lit]ally b figuratively2 & t s f> f recomm5d+ intoxication1 x means to inculcate excess ( sobriety or devotion1 su* ab/raction ( ! s5ses1 f all outw>d objects1 z n to di/+ui% betwe5 curs$ is ,haman & bless$ is ,mordecai4 ,?is sort ( def5ce is nei!r imag9>y nor novel4 ,9 ?is way ,rabbi ,eliez]'s p]mission to split op5 an unle>n$ man l a fi% has be5 made to signify ! spiritual op5+ ( ! und]/&+1 & ( c\rse ! ov]we5+ anxiety ( ! ,rabbies to communicate in/ruction to ! ignorant4 ,b h[ev] we dull ,g5tiles may be enlight5$ by su* an exposition1 we mu* d\bt :e!r ! greate/ amha>etz 9 ,israel w believe ! int]pretation4 ,! great & le>n$ ,rabbies ,solomon ,j>*i & ,moses ,maimonides h und]/ood lit]al drunk5ness1 & h nam$ w9e z ! legitimate liquor4 ,r4 ,joseph ,k>o has simply giv5 ! comm& v]batim z x /&s 9 ! ,talmud1 b a note 9 ! ,ora* ,*aiim %[s1 t "s ( ! mod]n ,rabbies 7 n able to swall[ su* a comm&1 &1 !re=e1 say t an ,israelite does 8 duty1 if he only dr9k a little m ?an usual4 ,! ,talmud itself admits ( no su* s(t5+ d[n1 nor expla9+ away1 = imm$iately aft] ! precept x goes on to propose an example & to furni% an illu/ration ( its mean+ 9 ! foll[+ hi/ory ( ! v ,rabbi1 on ^: au?ority ?is traditional comm& re/s2-- 1 1 8,rabba & ,rabbi ,zira made _! ,purim ent]ta9m5t toge!r4 ,:5 ,rabba got drunk1 he arose & kill$ ,rabbi ,zira4 ,on ! foll[+ day he pray$ = m]cy1 & re/or$ him to life4 ,! foll[+ ye> ,rabba propos$ to him aga9 to make _! ,purim ent]ta9m5t toge!r1 b he answ]$1 #8,miracles don't happ5 e day4'0 7,talmud1 ,tr4 ,megillah1 fol4 #g1 col4 #b47 ,?is hi/ory ( "o ( ! m5 :o are au?orities = ! above ,talmudic comm& to get drunk1 pla9ly illu/rates its mean+1 & %[s t ! ,talmud meant & comm&$ its foll[]s to dr9k w9e to excess on ?is occasion4 ,x sets be=e !m ! example ( "o ( ! greate/ ,rabbies committ+ murd] 9 8 drunk5ness1 & s f> f reprobat+ ?is s91 x gravely tells u t ,god int]pos$ by a miracle to prev5t ! ill-consequ5ces2 & t ! ,rabbi1 f> f be+ cur$ ( 8 prop5sity1 or mak+ any decl>ation ( 8 int5tion to am5d1 cont9u$ 9 t /ate ( m9d1 t 8 colleague f\nd x imprud5t to tru/ himself at 8 table4 ,n[ e body t is acqua9t$ ) ! ,jews1 kn[s t !y are a temp]ate & sob] p2 & because !y are s1 we ask !m :e!r ! above comm& c be f ,god8 & :e!r !y believe t ! ,talmud speaks tru? 9 giv+ ! above n>rative8 ,x says n m]ely t m5 may get drunk ) impunity1 b t to get drunk is an act ( piety1 & ob$i5ce to a comm&6 ,"h1 aga91 ! ,talmud is directly at issue ) ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* says1 8,be n drunk ) w9e1 :]e9 is excess40 7,ephes4 v4 #ah47 8,take he$ to y\rselves1 le/ at any "t y\r he>ts be ov]*>g$ ) surfeit+1 & drunk5ness1 & ! c>es ( ?is life1 & s t day come ^u y unaw>es40 7,luke xxi4 #cd47 ,! ,new ,te/am5t holds out to u no hope1 t if 9 our drunk5ness1 we %\ld commit murd]1 a miracle w be wr\ght 9 ord] to deliv] u f ! consequ5ces2 b tells u1 t 8nei!r murd]]s nor drunk>ds %all inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god40 7#a ,cor4 vi4 #i1 #aj47 ,n[ :i* ( ^! two doctr9es is ! mo/ agreeable to ! reveal$ w ( ,god8 ,h[ w\ld y desire to meet dea?1 if dea? %\ld come ^u ! fea/ ( ,purim8 ,w\ld y wi% ! angel ( dea? to f9d y1 9 ob$i5ce to ! oral law1 ins5sible f ov]mu* w9e8 or 9 t /ate ( sobriety & ?\ghtfulness prescrib$ by ,jesus ( ,naz>e?8 ,does n ! inw>d tribunal ( ! he>t decide t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? is "r1 & t ! ,talmud is wrong8 ,& does n ! ,old ,te/am5t confirm ! s5t5ce8 ,isaiah says1 8,woe unto !m t rise up e>ly 9 ! morn+1 t !y may foll[ /rong dr9k2 t cont9ue until night1 till w9e inflame !m6 & ! h>p & ! viol1 ! tabret & pipe1 & w9e are 9 _! fea/s2 b !y reg>d n ! "w ( ! ,"l1 nei!r consid] ! op]ation ( 8 h&s4 ,!re=e my p are gone into captivity1 because !y h no k2 & _! hon\rable m5 are fami%$1 & _! multitude dri$ up ) ?ir/40 7,isaiah v4 #aa-ac47 ,& s ,moses comm&s ! p>5ts t %\ld !y h a son 8a glutton & a drunk>d10 to br+ him to ju/ice1 & to h him /on$4 7,deut4 xxi4 #bj47 ,! ,talmud1 !n1 manife/ly contradicts ! ,old ,te/am5t2 x !re=e _c speak tru? :5 x n>rates t ,god wr\ght a miracle 9 ord] to save a drunk>d & a murd]] f t puni%m5t1 :i* ,he _h himself comm&$ to be visit$ ^u ei!r ( ^! crimes4 ,! /ory ( ! miracle is !re=e a palpable falsehood1 contradictory to ! law ( ,moses1 & d]ogatory to ! hon\r ( ,god4 ,h[1 !n1 c ! ,talmud be ( ,god8 ,if y attempt to di/+ui%1 z "s d1 betwe5 ! ,talmud & ! oral law1 & say t ?\gh ! ,talmud conta9s ! oral law1 yet x is n all inspir$1 !n we ask1 h[ c y rely ^u ! te/imony ( a witness convict$ ( wilful1 gross1 & flagrant falsehood8 ,if y d n believe 9 ! above miracle ( ! drunk5 ,rabba1 y d5\nce x z a li>4 ,if x lie1 !n1 ^u ?is solemn occasion 9 relat+ a miracle1 9 h&+ d[n ! law ( ,god1 h[ c y dep5d ^u x at all8 ,if x does n scruple to =ge miracles1 :at w>rant h y = believ+ t x does n =ge laws also8 ,b suppose1 :i* is f> m probable1 t ,rabbi ,zira1 :5 kill$ by ,rabba1 _h n come to life aga91 w\ld ,rabba1 9 ! eye ( ! mod]n ,jewi% law1 be consid]$ z a murd]]1 & guilty ( dea?1 or z an innoc5t p]son1 :o might safely be p]mitt$ to g at l>ge1 & pursue 8 usual avocations8 ,?is is a "q well des]v+ an answ] f "s ( y\r le>n$ m51 & naturally sugge/$ by "s pr9ciples ass]t$ & impli$ 9 ! foll[+ decisions ( ! oral law3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,! read+ ( ! ,megillah 7! book ( ,e/h]7 9 its "t is an affirmative precept accord+ to ! words ( ! scribes1 & x is kn[n t ?is is an ord9ance ( ! ,prophets4 ,! obligation to read x re/s ^u all1 m51 wom51 & proselytes1 & manumitt$ slaves4 ,*ildr5 also are to be accu/om$ to ! read+ ( x4 ,ev5 prie/s 9 _! s]vice are to neglect _! s]vice1 & to come to he> ! read+ ( ! ,megillah4 ,9 l mann] ! /udy ( ! law is to be omitt$1 9 ord] to he> ! read+ ( ! ,megillah1 & a =tiori all ! rema9+ comm&m5ts ( ! law1 all ( :i* give way to ! read+ ( ! ,megillah3 b !re is no?+ to :i* ! read+ ( ! ,megillah gives way1 except t p>ticul> class ( dead p]son call$ ! dead ( ! comm&m5t1 :o has none to bury him4 ,he t happ5s ^u him is fir/ to bury him1 & aft]w>ds to read40 7,hil*o? ,megillah1 c4 i4 #a47 ,on ?is extract we h sev]al rem>ks to make1 b at pres5t we reque/ ! att5tion ( our read]s to ! reason giv5 :y ! read+ ( ! ,megillah is m important ?an any ( ! comm&m5ts4 ,x is ?is4 ,accord+ to ! oral law1 8! /udy ( ! law is equival5t to all ! comm&m5ts1 & ! o!r comm&m5ts are to give way to ?is /udy40 ,b accord+ to ! passage be=e u1 ! /udy ( ! law is to give way to ! read+ ( ! ,megillah4 ,! read+ ( ! ,megillah1 !re=e1 be+ great] ?an ! greate/ ( ! comm&m5ts1 is ( c\rse great] ?an all ! inf]ior ones4 ,n[ apply ?is reason+ to ! above comm& to get drunk1 & y w prove t gett+ drunk at ,purim fea/ is ! greate/ ( all ! comm&m5ts4 ,9 ord] to get drunk1 x is pla9 t ! /udy ( ! law mu/ give way4 ,! man :o _c di/+ui% betwe5 8,curs$ be ,haman & bless$ be ,mordecai10 c]ta9ly _c /udy1 nei!r c he bury ! dead4 ,! comm&m5t1 !re=e1 to :i* ! /udy ( ! law & ! bury+ ( ! dead give way1 mu/ be ! greate/ ( all ! comm&m5ts2 i4e41 ! gett+ drunk on ,purim is ! greate/ ( all ! comm&m5ts4 ,?is conclusion1 :i* inevitably foll[s ^u ,talmudic pr9ciples1 necess>ily %[s t ^? pr9ciples are false4 ,b t is n ! object = :i* ,i h exhibit$ ?is conclusion2 x is ) ref]5ce to ! case ( ,rabba above-m5tion$4 ,hav+ got drunk accord+ z ! oral law comm&$1 & hav+ !reby obey$ ! greate/ ( ! comm&m5ts1 & "o to :i* all o!rs are necess>ily 9 abeyance1 0 he guilty or innoc5t 9 hav+ murd]$ ,r4 ,zira8 ,x c]ta9ly seems a v h>d case to condemn him to dea? = an act1 :i* result$ f 8 ob$i5ce to ! greate/ ( all ! comm&m5ts4 ,he might urge t he _h a great dislike to drunk5ness--t he _h ov]come 8 natural av]sion simply to satisfy ! ,rabb9ical requirem5ts--t by ! "t t he _h arriv$ at ! prescrib$ incompet5cy to di/+ui% betwe5 ,haman & ,mordecai1 he _h lo/ all p[] ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 "r & wrong--t1 !re=e1 he _h n done x ) malice prop5se2 :at s5t5ce1 !re=e1 does ! ,talmud pron\nce aga9/ a murd]] ( ?is sort8 ,if ,rabba 0 all[$ to g at l>ge1 z w\ld appe> f 8 invitation to ,rabbi ,zira ! foll[+ ye>1 a repetition ( ! same (f5ce 0 possible1 a repetition ( ! miracle 9 ,r4 ,zira's op9ion highly improbable4 ,?us ,rabba might g on f ye> to ye> kill+ "o or m ) impunity1 & w\ld be a f> m dang]\s neighb\r ?an 8! ox t 0 wont to pu% ) 8 horn40 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he is to be puni%$ capitally1 !n ! oral law is pla9ly n f ,god2 = ob$i5ce to ! greate/ ( its comm&m5ts makes x possible = a man to commit ! greate/ ( crimes1 & to subject himself to ! extremity ( puni%m5t4 ,b we object1 secondly1 to ! exaltation ( a m]e human ord9ance above ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,! read+ ( ! book ( ,e/h] at ! fea/ ( ,purim1 is no d\bt a v appropriate1 & may be a v pr(itable ex]cise4 ,b x is confess$ly ( human appo9tm5t4 ,x is ( ! words ( ! scribes2 ! "t & ! mode are altoge!r ,rabb9ical ord9ances4 ,:y1 !n1 8are all ! rema9+ comm&m5ts ( ! law to give way to ! read+ ( ! ,megillah80 ,! prie/ 0 to neglect ! s]vice to :i* ,god _h appo9t$ him1 9 ord] to obey a m]e human in/itution4 ,& ! ,israelites to neglect ! duties ( love & *>ity1 to fulfil a m]e c]emonial comm&m5t4 ,"h is a pla9 tok5 t ! oral law is n f ,god1 b is ! (fspr+ ( human inv5tion & sup]/ition4 ,! human m9d exalts c]emonies above moral duties4 ,god decl>es t all outw>d obs]vances are second>y4 8,i desir$ m]cy & n sacrifice1 & ! k ( ,god m ?an burnt (f]+s40 7,hos4 vi4 #f47 8,he ha? %[$ !e1 ,o man1 :at is good2 & :at do? ! ,"l require ( !e1 b to d ju/ly1 & to love m]cy1 & to walk numbly ) ?y ,god80 7,mic4 vi4 #h47 ,& s ! ,new ,te/am5t says 9 ! v same _s1 8,! fir/ ( all ! comm&m5ts is1 ,he> ,o ,israel3 ! ,"l our ,god is "o ,"l1 & ?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t1 c4 ,?is is ! fir/ comm&m5t4 ,& ! second is l1 namely ?is1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4 ,!re is none o!r comm&m5t great] ?an ^!40 7,m>k4 xii4 #bi-ca47 ,! oral law1 on ! contr>y1 tells u t 8all ! comm&m5ts1 except ! bury+ ( ! dead1 are to give way to ! read+ ( ! ,megillah10 to a m]e c]emony2 & t n ev5 ( ,god's appo9tm5t4 ,god pref]s m]cy be=e ! sacrifices :i* ,he himself has in/itut$4 ,! ,talmud pref]s a human in/itution to all ,god's comm&m5ts4 ,a m /rik+ in/ance ( g5u9e sup]/ition1 & a /rong] pro( ( ! human orig9 ( ! oral law _c be f\nd4 ,! book ( ,e/h] appe>s to h be5 a peculi> fav\rite ( ! ,rabbies4 ,! read+ ( x takes prec$5ce ( all o!r duties b "o1 & is consid]$ z obligatory1 ev5 ^u ! wom51 :o are decl>$ exempt f ! /udy ( ! law4 ,x is true t x conta9s a v notable w>n+ = disob$i5t wives1 & a /rik+ in/ance ( ! deliv]ance ( ,israel by ! in/rum5tality ( a woman2 b :5 we consid] t ! "n ( ,god does n occur once 9 ! :ole book1 & t ! law conta9s ! acc\nt ( man's creation & fall1 ! t5 comm&m5ts1 ! deliv]ance f ,egypt1 & all ^? ev5ts ( prim>y int]e/ to wom5 z well z m51 x becomes ( "s importance to consid] :y ! wom51 :o are n b\nd to /udy ! law ( ,god1 are b\nd to read ! book ( ,e/h]4 ,! au?ors ( ! oral law appe> to h atta*$ uncommon importance to ?is book1 z appe>s f ?is circum/ance1 & /ill m s f ! foll[+ />tl+ decl>ation ( ,maimonides3-- 1 8,all ! books ( ! prophets1 & all ! ,hagiographa1 except ! roll ( ,e/h]1 w cease 9 ! days ( ,messiah4 ,b x is p]petual z ! five books ( ! writt5 law1 & ! con/itutions ( ! oral law1 :i* %all nev] cease40 7,hil*o? ,megillah47 ,"s ( ! ,rabbies say t ?is is to be tak5 conditionally1 8al?\gh !y 7 all to cease1 yet ?is w\ld n cease40 ,b ?is /ill attributes a decid$ sup]iority to ! book ( ,e/h] above all ! o!r books4 ,:at !n is !re 9 x1 t gives ?is book su* a peculi> fav\r1 & makes ! hi/ory ( ,e/h] m important ?an t ( ! conque/ ( ,canaan1 or ( ! glory ( ,solomon1 or ( ! re/oration ( ! h\se ( ! ,"l8 ,is !re m devotion & piety to be f\nd 9 x ?an 9 ! ,psalms ( ,david8 ,does x conta9 m wisdom ?an ! ,prov]bs ( ,solomon8 ,is !re a sublim] flight ( ,div9e poetry1 a m heav5ly afflatus ?an 9 ! visions ( ,isaiah8 ,a m op5 revelation ( ! my/]ies ( ! ,deity ?an is to be f\nd 9 ,job1 or ,daniel1 or ,ezekiel8 ,:y d ! ,rabbies pron\nce x wor?y ( pres]vation1 :il/ !y contemplate )\t emotion ! loss ( all ! o!r books8 ,we _c possibly discov]1 unless x be t x furni%es m gratification to ! _s ( rev5ge s natural to all ! *ildr5 ( ,adam1 :e!r !y be ,jew or ,g5tile4 ,to =give is to be l ,god--& ,god alone c tea* =giv5ess ei!r speculatively or practically4 ,b ! book ( ,e/h] conta9s an acc\nt ( ! rev5ge :i* ! ,jews took ^u _! enemies1 n l ! de/ruction ( ! ,canaanites1 fulfill+ ! comm&s ( ,god ^u ,8 enemies1 b tak+ p]sonal & individual rev5ge on _! own4 ,& ?is v fact may be "o reason :y ,god did n p]mit 8 mo/ holy "n to occur 9 ! :ole book--j z he did n p]mit ,david to build him a temple1 s he w\ld n h 8 "n associat$ ) de$s ( p]sonal rev5ge4 ,b1 h[ev] t be1 we c discov] no o!r reason = ! decid$ pref]5ce :i* ! oral law gives to ! book ( ,e/h]4 ,& we ?9k t aft] ! specim5s :i* we h already giv5 ( _! _s t[>ds idolat]s we d !m no inju/ice2 especially z1 9 ?is p>ticul> case1 ! oral law brea!s ?is _s al\d4 1 1 8,x is necess>y to say1 ,curs$ be ,haman1 ,bless$ be ,mordecai1 ,curs$ be ,z]e%1 ,bless$ be ,e/h]1 ,curs$ be all idolat]s1 ,bless$ be all ,israel40 7,ora* ,*aiim1 sec4 #fij47 ,:y ?is is necess>y1 is n told u4 ,x appe>s n to br+ glory to ,god1 nor any bless+ to man4 ,haman & ,z]e% h long s9ce pass$ into et]nity1 & receiv$ f ! j ,judge ! rew>d ( _! de$s4 ,mordecai & ,e/h] h 9 l mann] appe>$ be=e ! ,god ( ,israel1 & receiv$ accord+ to _! fai?4 ,to ^!1 !n1 ! voice ( human praise or reproa* is z no?+4 ,b to curse a dead enemy1 to pursue ) unrel5t+ hatr$ ^? :o h already fall5 into ! h&s ( ! liv+ ,god1 is c]ta9ly n a ,div9e ord9ance1 & _c be an acceptable act ( wor%ip 9 poor s9n]s1 :o !mselves /& s mu* 9 ne$ ( =giv5ess4 ,to curse ! dead is bad1 b to curse ! liv+ is1 9 "o s5se1 /ill worse4 8,curs$ be all idolat]s40 ,accord+ to our calculation1 !re are #fjj millions ( idolat]s--accord+ to ! ,jewi% acc\nt1 !re mu/ be m4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld !y be curs$8 ,t w n conv]t !m f ! error ( _! ways4 ,x w n make !m m happy1 ei!r 9 ?is _w or 9 ! next4 ,we are n aw>e1 ev5 if ,god 7 to he> ?is execration & curse ! idolatr\s _w1 t x w\ld be productive ( any bless+ to ,israel4 ,:y make a day ( ?anksgiv+ = m]cies receiv$ an opportunity ( invok+ curses ^u ! majority ( mank9d8 ,! ,^w ( ,god tea*es a v diff]5t petition = ! hea!n4 8,god1 be m]ciful to u1 & bless u1 & cause 8 face to %9e ^u u4 ,t ?y way may be kn[n ^u e>?1 ?y sav+ heal? among all nations4 ,let ! p praise !e1 ,o ,god2 yea1 let all ! p praise !e40 7,ps4 lxvii47 ,no4 ,,viii4 ,,rabb9ic ,,contempt ,,= ,,! ,,sons ,,( ,,noah4 ,! noble/ inquiry1 to :i* ! m5tal p[]s c be direct$1 is1 ,:i* religion comes f ,god8 ,! mo/ satisfactory mode ( conduct+ su* an inquiry1 indep5d5tly ( ! ext]nal evid5ce1 is to comp>e ! pr9ciples ( "o sy/em ) ^? ( ! o!r1 & bo? ) an ackn[l$g$ /&>d1 if su* !re be1 & ?is is :at we are endeav\r+ to d 9 ^! pap]s4 ,we by no means wi% to make ! mod]n ,jews responsible = ! inv5tions ( _! =efa!rs1 b to %[ !m t _! traditional argum5t = reject+ ,*ri/ianity1 & t is ! example ( ! high prie/ & ! ,sanh$r91 is ( no =ce2 inasmu* z ^! same p]sons1 :o orig9ally reject$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 7 9 great & griev\s error 9 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( religion1 :il/ ,he :o 0 reject$ taught ! tru?4 ,to d ?is we mu/ appeal to ! oral law1 & discuss its m]its4 ,we h %[n already t ^? p]sons did n und]/& at lea/ "o half ( ! law2 t _! doctr9es 7 9 ! highe/ degree un*>itable4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5 repli$1 t ! ,talmud is m tol]ant ?an ! ,new ,te/am5t1 = x all[s 8t ! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w may be sav$20 :]eas ! latt] ass]ts t 8:osoev] believe? n %all be damn$40 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 inquire into ! ext5t ( tol]ation & *>ity conta9$ 9 t ,talmudic s5t5ce4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 ?is inquiry1 is to asc]ta9 :o are ! p]sons int5d$ 9 ! expression 8,! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w40 ,! oral law tells u1 z quot$ 9 ,no4 #f1 t ! ,israelites are comm&$ to compel all t come into ! _w to receive ! sev5 comm&m5ts ( ! sons ( ,noah1 & adds1 8,he t receives !m is call$ univ]sally a soj\rn+ proselyte40 ,& a little l[] d[n x says pla9ly 1 8,:osoev] receives ! sev5 comm&m5ts1 & is c>eful to obs]ve !m1 he is "o ( ! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w1 & has a %>e 9 ! _w to come40 7,hil*o? ,mela*im1 c4 viii4 #aj47 ,f ^! two decl>ations1 !n1 we le>n t 8! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w0 are ! same1 z 8! soj\rn+ proselytes10 :o 7 all[$ to reside 9 ! l& ( ,israel1 & t _! piety consi/$ 9 receiv+ & practis+ ! sev5 comm&m5ts4 ,:at ^! comm&m5ts 71 we are in=m$ 9 ! next *apt] ( ! same treatise4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,! fir/ ,adam 0 comm&$ conc]n+ six ?+s--idolatry1 blasphemy1 %$d+ ( blood1 ince/1 robb]y1 & adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 ,al?\gh we h all ^! ?+s z a tradition f ,moses1 our ma/]1 & reason naturally incl9es to !m1 yet1 f ! g5]al t5\r ( ! words ( ! law1 x appe>s t he 0 comm&$ conc]n+ ^! ?+s4 ,noah receiv$ an additional comm& conc]n+ ! limb ( a liv+ animal1 z x is said1 #8,b fle% 9 ! life !re(1 :i* is ! blood !re(1 ye %all n eat4' 7,g54 ix4 #d47 ,"h are ! sev5 comm&m5ts1 & ?us ! matt] 0 9 all ! _w until ,abraham40 7,ibid4 ix4 #a47 ,n[1 )\t /opp+ to dispute ab\t ! comm& giv5 to ,noah1 we _c help say+ t ! above tradition is v defective1 & c]ta9ly n d]iv$ f ,moses1 = x is oppos$ to ! hi/ory :i* he himself has giv5 u4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 t comm&1 on :i*1 ! oral law lays su* /ress1 8,be fruitful & multiply10 0 orig9ally giv5 to ,adam 7,g54 i4 #bh171 & 0 r5ew$ to ,noah1 aft] ! deluge4 ,if ! ,rabbies reckon ?is z a sep>ate comm& 9 ! case ( ! ,jews1 z may be se5 9 ! ,hil*o? ,priah ,ureviah1 x is only fair to reckon x z a sep>ate comm& 9 ! case ( ! ,g5tiles1 & ?us we get an eigh? comm&4 ,9 ! second place1 ,god orda9$ m>riage z a holy /ate4 8,! ,"l ,god said1 ,x is n good t man %\ld be alone2 ,i w make him an help meet = him40 8,& ! rib :i* ! ,"l ,god _h tak5 f man made he a woman1 & br\ght h] unto ! man40 ,"h is ,god's holy in/itution1 & 9 ! foll[+ v]ses we h ! obligations ( m>riage di/9ctly ackn[l$g$4 8,& ,adam said1 ,?is is n[ bone ( my bones1 & fle% ( my fle%2 %e %all be call$ ,woman1 because %e 0 tak5 out ( man4 ,!re=e %all a man leave 8 fa!r & 8 "m1 & %all cleave unto 8 wife1 & !y %all be "o fle%40 ,"h1 !n1 is a n9? comm&m5t4 ,we "k1 inde$1 t ! oral law gives a diff]5t acc\nt1 b its doctr9e is false & p]nici\s4 ,9 ! face ( ! above pla9 n>rative1 x tea*es z foll[s3-- 8,be=e ! giv+ ( ! law1 a man might happ5 to meet a woman 9 ! /reet2 if !y bo? agre$ on m>riage1 he took h] to 8 h\se1 & cohabit$ ) h]1 & %e became 8 wife40 7,hil*o? ,i%u?1 c4 i4 #a47 ,n[1 n to speak ( pr(ane hi/ory1 !re is n 9 ! law ( ,moses a s+le passage to give col\r to ?is /atem5t1 unless x be ! foll[+3--8,& x came to pass1 :5 m5 began to multiply on ! face ( ! e>?1 & daught]s 7 born unto !m1 t ! sons ( ,god saw ! daught]s ( m5 t !y 7 fair2 & !y took !m wives ( all :i* !y *ose40 ,b1 :atev] is meant by 8,sons ( ,god10 x is pla9 t ?is conduct is m5tion$1 n z hav+ ! sanction or approval ( ,god1 b z a pro( ( ant$iluvian wick$ness1 = x is imm$iately add$1 8,& ! ,"l said1 ,my ,_s %all n always /rive ) man1 = t he also is fle%40 ,b x is n simply an error ( judgm5t1 x is mo/ p]nici\s z x reg>ds bo? ,g5tiles & ,jews1 = x completely annuls ! sanctity & obligation ( ! m>riage tie4 ,x tea*es t z ! m>riage ( ,noahites is contract$ )\t solemn esp\sals1 s x may be dissolv$ )\t ! =mality ( a divorce4 8 1 1 1 1 8,:5 is 8 7! ,noahite's7 neighb\r's wife to be consid]$ 9 ! same light1 z a divorc$ woman ) u8 ,f ! "t t he s5ds h] =? f 8 h\se1 & leaves h] to h]self4 ,or f ! "t t %e goes =? f "u 8 p[]1 & goes h] way2 = !y h no divorces 9 writ+1 nei!r does ! matt] dep5d ^u t alone2#ae b :5ev] he or %e please to sep>ate "o f ! o!r1 !y sep>ate40 7,hil*o? ,mela*im1 c4 ix4 #h47 ,we ,g5tiles h great reason to be ?ankful t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? has taught u a diff]5t doctr9e1 accord+ ) ! orig9al in/itution ( m>riage4 ,:at w\ld h be5 ! /ate ( ! _w1 if ! oral law _h atta9$ supreme p[]1 & ! ,g5tiles _h be5 in/ruct$ 9 ! above law z ,div9e8 ,:at w\ld result f ! doctr9e t e man may turn out 8 wife1 & e woman leave h] husb&1 :5ev] !y l8 ,! peace & well-be+ ( ,g5tile society w\ld be at an end4 ,! frightful /ate ( disord] & mis]y t w\ld ensue1 z well z ! words ( ! orig9al in/itution1 pla9ly %[ t ?is doctr9e is n f ,god4 ,b ! effect ^u ! believ]s 9 ! oral law is /ill worse4 ,) ref]5ce to !m1 ! m>riage ( ,g5tiles is no m>riage at all4 ,! oral law says di/9ctly-- 4 8,!re is no matrimony to ! ,g5tiles40 7,hil*o? ,mela*im1 viii4 #c47 ,& aga91 8,!re is no matrimony except to ,israel1 or to ,g5tiles ) respect to ,g5tiles2 b n to slaves ) respect to slaves1 nor to slaves ) respect to ,israel40 7,hil*o? ,issure ,biah1 c4 xiv4 #ai47 ,"h1 !n1 ! oral law directly makes void ! law ( ,god1 & pron\nces t a comm& giv5 to ,adam 9 ,p>adise1 & !re=e equally b9d+ on all 8 desc5dants1 is 9 p>ticul> cases ( no =ce at all4 ,! oral law1 !re=e1 is c]ta9ly n f ,god4 ,we h already made out n9e comm&m5ts2 9 sacrifice we f9d a t5?4 ,ca9 & ,abel br\ght sacrifices1 & ! only reason t c be assign$ is1 t !y _h receiv$ a comm& to t effect4 ,sacrifice 0 ei!r a ,div9e comm& or ! dictate ( _! own reason4 ,b x 0 n ! dictate ( reason1 = reason says1 t ! ,creator ( all ?+s has no ne$ ( gifts1 &1 lea/ ( all1 su* gifts z imply ! slaught] ( an innoc5t animal4 ,x mu/1 !re=e1 h be5 ( ,div9e comm&4 ,! reason :y ! ,rabbies exclud$ ?is comm& is pla94 ,!y did n *oose t !re %\ld be acceptable sacrifices (f]$ any:]e b among/ !mselves4 ,b t ?is doctr9e is altoge!r ( a rec5t date is pla94 ,x 0 n kn[n to ,job4 ,he says n a ^w ab\t ! sev5 comm&m5ts1 & he 0 9 ! habit ( (f]+ sacrifices4 8,& x 0 s :5 ! day ( _! fea/+ 0 gone ab\t1 t ,job s5t & sanctifi$ !m1 & rose up e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & (f]$ burnt-(f]+s accord+ to ! numb] ( !m all40 7,job i4 #e47 ,& ! ,"l himself expressly comm&$ ,job's fri5ds to d s likewise4 8,& x 0 s1 t aft] ! ,"l _h spok5 ^! words unto ,job1 ! ,"l said to ,eliphaz ! ,temanite1 ,my wra? is k9dl$ aga9/ !e1 & aga9/ ?y two fri5ds4444 ,!re=e1 take unto y n[ sev5 bullocks & sev5 rams1 & g to my s]vant ,job1 & (f] up = y\rselves a burnt-(f]+1 & my s]vant ,job %all pray = y1 = him w ,i accept40 7,job xlii4 #g1 #h47 ,x 0 n kn[n to ,eli%a4 ,:5 ,naaman said1 8,%all !re n !n1 ,i pray !e1 be giv5 to ?y s]vant two mules' burd5 ( e>?8 ,= ?y s]vant w h5ce=? (f] nei!r burnt-(f]+ nor sacrifice unto o!r gods1 b unto ! ,"l40 7#b ,k+s v4 #ag47 ,eli%a made no objection4 ,he did n tell him t he _h only sev5 comm&m5ts to att5d to4 ,nei!r _h ,isaiah any idea t1 :5 ,judaism triumph$1 ! :ole _w 0 to be compell$ to adh]e to ! sev5 comm&m5ts1 = he pla9ly pr$icts ! contr>y4 8,& ! ,"l %all be kn[n to ,egypt1 & ! ,egyptians %all "k ! ,"l 9 t day1 & %all d sacrifice & oblation3 yea1 !y %all v[ a v[ unto ! ,"l & p]=m x40 7,isaiah xix4 #ba47 ,"h aga91 !n1 ! oral law contradicts ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,b ! law ( ,god po9ts out to u an elev5? comm&m5t1 9 ! di/9ction betwe5 clean & unclean animals4 ,! ,"l comm&$ ,noah to take ( ! =m] by sev5s & ( ! latt] by pairs4 7,g54 vii4 #b47 ,& :5 ,noah came =? f ! ark 8he build$ an alt> unto ! ,"l2 & took ( e clean bea/1 & ( e clean f[l1 & (f]$ burnt-(f]+s on ! alt>40 7,g54 viii4 #b47 ,x is pla91 f ! comm&1 t a great] numb] ( clean ?an unclean animals 0 requir$4 ,noah's conduct %[s t ! rite ( sacrifice 0 ! cause ( ! requirem5t4 ,we h a twelf? comm&m5t 9 ! appo9tm5t ( a prie/hood4 8,mel*iz$ek 0 ! prie/ ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god10 7,g54 xiv4 #aj17 :i* he mo/ c]ta9ly c\ld n h be51 if he _h n be5 ,div9ely appo9t$4 ,f ! law itself1 !n1 we h made out twelve di/9ct comm&m5ts4 ,eight w\ld h be5 suffici5t to ov]?r[ ! oral tradition4 ,b we appeal to ! common s5se ( e ,talmudi/4 ,we ask him to look ov] ! meagre li/ ( ! sev5 comm&m5ts1 9 :i* nei!r love to ,god nor man is includ$1 & to tell u :e!r x be at all probable t 8! ,god ( ! spirits ( all fle%0 w\ld leave all mank9d1 except+ ! small company ( ,rabb9i/s1 )\t any bett] rule = "t1 & any bett] guide to et]nity8 ,is x possible t ! ,god ( love & m]cy %\ld leave ! m9ority ( 8 reasonable creatures 9 d\bt z to 8 love1 & tell !m t he requires no love f !m8 ,yet ?is is :at ! oral law says4 ,! ,g5tiles are1 accord+ to x1 left )\t any direction z to ! wor%ip ( ,god1 & are pron\nc$ guilty ( dea? if !y /udy ! law4 ,nay1 !y are expressly told t ,god does n require !m to glorify him by _! ob$i5ce4 1 1 1 8,a ,noahite :o is =c$ to transgress "o ( 8 comm&m5ts1 x is lawful = him to d s4 ,ev5 if he be compell$ to commit idolatry he may commit x1 = !y are n comm&$ to sanctify ,god40 7,hil*o? ,mela*im1 c4 x4 #b47 ,s t1 accord+ to ! ,rabbies1 ! ,noahite :o is compell$ to commit murd]1 adult]y1 or ev5 to d5y 8 ,god1 may d x ) impunity2 he /ill belongs 8to ! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w10 & may h a %>e 9 ! _w to come4 ,we confess t we _c see 9 ?is doctr9e ei!r *>ity or tol]ation4 ,we c discov] only t n>r[ness ( he>t :i* *>act]izes ! oral law4 ,9 ord] to magnify !mselves1 & depreciate ! o!r nations1 ! ,rabbies fir/ swell out _! own comm&m5ts to #fac1 & r$uce ! comm&m5ts ( ! nations to sev54 ,b n cont5t ) t1 !y also /rive to conf9e ! glories ( m>tyrdom to !mselves1 & tell ! ,g5tiles t ,god does n require !m to sanctify ,8 "n4 ,c su* doctr9e come f ,god8 ,is ,god ! ,god ( ! ,rabb9i/s only8 ,we grant t ! ,jews are 8 8peculi> p40 ,we ackn[l$ge t 8!y h mu* advantage e way0--t 8!y are belov$ = ! fa!rs' sakes0--t ! "t is com+ :5 8all t see !m %all ackn[l$ge !m t !y are ! se$ :om ! ,"l has bless$40 ,b we /ill ?9k t ,god's he>t is l>ge en\gh to compreh5d u ,g5tiles too 9 8 love4 ,we "k t we are ! "w ( ,8 h&1 & we tru/ t1 z ,he is our ,fa!r1 he requires1 & is pleas$ to see ev5 9 ,g5tiles1 ! feel+s ( *ildr51 love & filial fe>4 ,& we f\nd ?is our fai? on y\r ,scriptures z well z ours4 ,! ,^w ( ,god tells u t1 long be=e !re 7 any ,rabbies 9 ! _w1 ,he _h a graci\s & t5d] c>e = all mank9d4 ,he promis$ to our fir/ p>5ts a ,savi\r :o %\ld 8bruise ! s]p5t's head40 ,he sav$ ,noah & 8 family1 n "o ( :om 0 a ,rabbi1 f ! deluge2 & :5 !y came =? f ! ark1 ,he made a graci\s cov5ant n ) "o nation only1 b 8) all fle%10 & hung up on high a lovely & glitt]+ ar*1 f "o end ( ! heav5s to ! o!r1 t all ! habitants ( e>? might h a tok5 ( _! ,fa!r's love & le>n to look up to ,him ) humble confid5ce4 ,:5 he *ose ,abraham & 8 se$1 x 0 n an act ( p>tiality1 b t 9 8 se$ all ! families ( ! e>? might be bless$4 ,he did n leave himself )\t witness to ! nations4 ,he manife/$ himself to ,job1 & taught him 8t 8 ,r$eem] live?10 & mov$ ev5 ! prophets ( ,israel to pr$ict aga9 & aga9 ! happy times :51 8f ! ris+ ( ! sun to ! go+ d[n ( ! same1 ,8 "n %\ld be great among ! ,g5tiles1 & 9 e place inc5se %\ld be (f]$ to 8 "n1 & a pure (f]+2 = my "n %all be great among ! hea!n1 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s40 7,mal4 i4 #aa47 ,hav+ ?is ^w1 we reject ! oral law :i* contradicts x1 & w\ld make ,god ! ,god ( ! ,rabb9i/s only3 & we believe 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* exactly agrees ) y\r writt5 law1 & asks1 8,is he ! ,god ( ! ,jews only8 ,is he n also ( ! ,g5tiles80--& answ]s1 8,yes1 ( ! ,g5tiles also0 7,rom4 iii4 #bi7--;& :i* also decl>es t1 9 ! sight ( ,god1 8,!re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,jew & ! ,greek2 = ! same ,"l ov] all is ri* unto all t call ^u him1 = :osoev] %all call ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l %all be sav$40 7,rom4 x4 #ab1 #ac47 ,9 ! fix+ ( ! comm&m5ts1 !n1 = ! sons ( ,noah1 we h detect$ an intol]ant & un*>itable _s v diff]5t f t ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b we h fur!r to inquire1 :at 0 ! ext5t ( tol]ation conc$$ to !m8 ,we d n /op to prove t !y 7 n all[$ to possess l&1 nor to be judges1 nor memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r91 nor to hold any (fice1 nor to int]m>ry ) ! ,jews4 ,f all t1 !y 7 exclud$ by ! law ( ,god himself4 ,!y 7 all[$ to soj\rn 9 ! l&1 & h5ce _! "n 8soj\rn+ proselytes40 ,fur!r1 8,!y 7 to be treat$ ) ! same c\rtesy & b5evol5ce z ! ,israelites40 7,see ,no4 #d1 p4 #bf47 ,b fur!r ?an ?is ! tol]ation did n ext5d4 ,! oral law1 ?\gh x comm&s 8c\rtesy & b5evol5ce10 does n adm9i/] ev5-h&$ ju/ice to ! 8pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w10 z may be se5 f ! foll[+ specim5s3-- 4 4 4 8,an ,israelite :o un9t5tionally kills a slave1 or a soj\rn+ proselyte1 is imprison$ 79 "o ( ! cities ( refuge740 8,& s a soj\rn+ proselyte :o un9t5tionally kills a soj\rn+ proselyte1 or a slave1 is imprison$40 8,a soj\rn+ proselyte :o un9t5tionally kills an ,israelite1 al?\gh he did x un9t5tionally1 is to be put to dea?40 7,hil*o? ,rotzea*1 c4 v4 #c47 ,! writt5 law1 on ! contr>y1 says1 8,^! six cities %all be a refuge1 bo? = ! *ildr5 ( ,israel & = ! /rang]1 & = ! soj\rn] among !m3 t any "o t kille? any p]son unaw>es may flee ?i!r40 7,numb]s xxxv4 #ae47 ,aga91 ! oral law says-- 1 8,an ,israelite :o kills a soj\rn+ proselyte1 is n put to dea? on 8 acc\nt by ! tribunal1 = x is said1 #8,b if a man come presumptu\sly ^u 8 neighb\r4' 7,exodus xxi4 #ad470 ,! law ( ,god says1 8,:oso %$de? man's blood1 by man %all 8 blood be %$3 = 9 ! image ( ,god made he man40 7,g54 ix4 #f47 ,& to ?is law ! ,new ,te/am5t comm&s u ,*ri/ians to adh]e1 reject+ ! oral traditions2 & 9 consequ5ce ! laws ( ,*ri/ian c\ntries make no diff]5ce betwe5 ! murd]] ( a ,jew1 a ,*ri/ian1 ,turk1 ,infidel1 or ,h]etic4 ,%ort z all ,*ri/ian nations confess$ly come ( ! pure morality ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 _! laws direct ! adm9i/ration ( imp>tial ju/ice1 & are a t]ror to all evil do]s ( e cre$ & sect4 ,! lib]ality ( ! ,talmud !n1 9 all[+ a %>e ( salvation to ! pi\s ( ! _w is n s v great1 nor its tol]ation ( a v compreh5sive "*4 ,x n only )holds ju/ice f ! pi\s ( ! _w1 b gives z ! reason1 because !y are n consid]$ z neighb\rs4 ,want ( room prev5ts u f pursu+ ?is subject fur!r at pres5t4 ,we !re=e ask1 ,is ?is law f ,god8 ,c ,god1 9 an oral law1 directly contradict 8 writt5 law8 ,c y po9t out any?+ simil> 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,is ?is law j or unju/8 ,y w grant t x is unju/ & errone\s4 ,!n y\r fa!rs h be5 mi/ak5 ab\t "o ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 = _m c5turies4 ,& y\r bre?r5 :o adh]e to ?is sy/em z ,div9e1 z on ! ,b>b>y coa/1 = in/ance1 are /ill mi/ak54 ,:y d y n prote/ al\d aga9/ su* error8 ,:y n endeav\r to conv9ce y\r bre?r5 t !y are wrong8 ,9 ,engl& !re is no?+ to prev5t y4 ,!re is full lib]ty1 free tol]ation4 ,y may lift up y\r voice l a trumpet aga9/ ! errors ( ! ,talmud4 ,y may expunge all ackn[l$gm5t ( its au?ority f y\r pray]s--y may return to ,moses & ! prophets1 & no man w say nay4 ,footnote #ae3 ,in/ead ( alone1 !re is ano!r read+1 1 ! tribunal4 ,no4 ,,ix4 ,,*ri/ians ,,_c ,,be ,,reckon$ ,,among/ ,,! 8,,pi\s ,,( ,,! ,,nations ,,( ,,! ,,_w40 ,we said1 9 our la/ numb]1 t 8! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w0 are1 accord+ to ! oral law1 ^? :o h receiv$ ! sev5 comm&m5ts ( ! sons ( ,noah4 ,we said t ( ! laws laid d[n = _! own conduct1 "s1 z = in/ance t respect+ divorces1 are su* z w\ld introduce confusion & mis]y into ,g5tile society--& t o!rs1 ref]r+ to ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice by ,rabb9ical tribunals1 are extremely unju/4 ,b ! advocates ( ! oral law ?9k1 nev]!less1 t x is v tol]ant1 m tol]ant ?an ! ,new ,te/am5t1 because x says t 8! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w h a %>e 9 ! _w to come40 ,n[ we _c help feel+ a curiosity to "k h[ great or h[ small t %>e w be4 ,& ?is our curiosity is excit$ by ! foll[+ in=mation1 :i* ! oral law comm&s to be communicat$ to a ,g5tile :o wi%es to turn ,jew3-- 1 1 1 1 8,z !y are to make kn[n to him ! puni%m5ts atta*$ to ! comm&m5ts1 s !y are also to in=m him ( ! rew>ds = keep+ !m4 ,!y %\ld in=m him1 t1 by ! do+ ( ^! comm&m5ts1 he w be wor?y ( ev]la/+ life2 & t !re is no p]fectly righte\s man1 except t possessor ( wisdom :o does & kn[s !m4 ,& !y are to say to him1 ,be assur$ t ! _w to come is laid up = none b ! righte\s1 & !y are ,israel2 & z to ?is t ?\ see/ ,israel 9 tr\ble 9 ?is _w1 _! good ?+s are laid up = !m1 = !y _c receive an abundance ( good ?+s 9 ?is _w1 l ! nations4 ,_! he>t might1 p]*ance1 be lift$ up1 & !y might g a/ray1 & lose ! rew>d ( ! _w to come1 z x is said1 #8,je%urun wax$ fat & kick$4' ,! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be he1 br+s ^u !m ! abundance ( afflictions = no o!r reason ?an ?is1 t !y may n be lo/4 ,all ! nations %all be utt]ly de/roy$1 b !y %all abide40 7,hil*o? ,issure ,biah41 c4 xiv4 #c-e47 ,to u ?is s\nds v mu* l a flat contradiction to ! above decl>ation1 t 8! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w h a %>e 9 ! _w to come40 ,"h1 on ! contr>y1 x is /at$ t ! bless+s ( t /ate are res]v$ 8= none b ! righte\s1 & !y are ,israel20 & aga91 8,all ! nations snail be utt]ly de/roy$40 ,& x is ev5 impli$ t ! nations get _! good ?+s 9 ?is _w1 & d n suff] affliction1 z !y are n to h t bless$ness1 :i* is res]v$ = ! righte\s4 ,h[1 !n1 are we to reconcile ^! two say+s8 ,!re are only two ways :i* occur to u1 ei!r by say+ t ?is is n /rictly true1 b only a fair spee* 9 ord] to cat* proselytes2 or1 if x be /rictly true1 t !n 8! pi\s ( ! _w0 are to h a mu* small] %>e 9 ! bless$ness to come4 ,9 any case ! _s is f> f *>itable or tol]ant4 ,x repres5ts ,god z an accept] ( p]sons1 sav+ ,israelites simply because !y are ,israelites1 & de/roy+ ! o!r nations because !y are n ,israelites4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t repres5tation is v diff]5t1 & f> m wor?y ( 8! ,judge ( all ! e>?40 ,x does inde$ say1 8,he t believe? %all be sav$1 & he t believe? n %all be damn$40 ,b 9 ?is v decl>ation1 we h an imp>tial rule appli$ to all mank9d4 8,he t believe?10 ( :atsoev] nation1 k9dr$1 or tongue--,jew or ,g5tile1 :ite or black--8%all be sav$40 8,he t believe? n10 :e!r he be call$ a ,jew or a ,*ri/ian1 :e!r he be a son ( ,japhet1 ( ,%em1 or ( ,ham1 8%all be damn$40 ,! ,new ,te/am5t ass]ts no monopoly ( salvation = "o fav\r$ family4 ,x excludes none because he _h n ! happ9ess to be desc5d$ f a privileg$ /ock4 ,x lays d[n a g5]al & imp>tial rule to be appli$ to all ! *ildr5 ( m54 ,! oral law says1 8,all ,israel has a %>e 9 ! _w to come40 ,! ,new ,te/am5t says1 8,n e "o t sai? unto me1 ,"l1 ,"l1 %all ent] ! k+dom ( heav51 b he t doe? ! w ( my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav540 7,matt4 vii4 #ba47 ,! oral law says1 8,! _w to come is laid up = none b ! righte\s1 & !y are ,israel40 ,! ,new ,te/am5t says1 8,god is no respect] ( p]sons2 b 9 e nation he t fe>e? him1 & worke? righte\sness1 is accept$ ) him40 7,acts x4 #cd1 #ce47 ,n[ !n we appeal to ! good s5se ( e ,jew1 ev5 ( ! ,talmudi/s to tell u :i* ( ^! two /atem5ts is mo/ j1 imp>tial1 & wor?y ( ! ,j ,judge8 ,b ! reason+ employ$ 9 ! above extract f ! oral law1 is z false z ! pr9ciples :i* x is int5d$ to support1 :5 x says1 8,z to ?is t ?\ see/ ,israel 9 tr\ble 9 ?is _w1 _! good ?+s are laid up = !m1 = !y _c receive an abundance ( good ?+s 9 ?is _w l ! nations10 x directly contradicts ! law ( ,moses1 :i* ev]y:]e promises an abundance ( temporal bless+s to ,israel1 if ob$i5t4 8,x %all come to pass1 if ?\ %alt he>k5 dilig5tly unto ! voice ( ! ,"l ?y ,god1 to obs]ve & to d all ! comm&m5ts :i* ,i comm& !e ?is day1 t ! ,"l ?y ,god w set !e on high above all nations ( ! e>?1 & all ^! bless+s %all come ^u !e1 & ov]take !e1 if ?\ %alt he>k5 unto ! voice ( ! ,"l ?y ,god4 ,bless$ %alt ?\ be 9 ! city1 & bless$ %alt ?\ be 9 ! field4 ,bless$ %all be ! fruit ( ?y body1 & ! fruit ( ?y gr\nd1 & ! fruit ( ?y cattle1 ! increase ( ?y k9e1 & ! flocks ( ?y %eep4444 ,! ,"l %all cause ?9e enemies t rise up aga9/ !e to be smitt5 be=e ?y face2 !y %all come out aga9/ !e "o way1 & flee be=e !e sev5 ways4 ,! ,"l %all comm& ! bless+ ^u !e 9 ?y /ore-h\ses1 & 9 all t ?\ sette/ ?9e h& unto2 & he %all bless !e 9 ! l& :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god give? !e40 7,deut4 xxviii4 #a-h1 c47 ,"h1 !n1 is temporal bless+ 9 abundance1 promis$ to ob$i5ce2 & ! afflictions :i* h come ^u ,israel are n because ( _! piety1 b because ( _! disob$i5ce4 ,9 ?is case1 !n1 ! oral law speaks utt] falsehood4 ,god has n two ways ( deal+ ) nations1 b "o way4 ,he gives e nation a fair trial1 & if !y refuse to he>k5 to 8 voice1 he p\rs out ^u !m 8 wra?4 ,! rise1 & gr[?1 & trial1 ( a nation is sl[]1 & requires m "t ?an ! gr[? & trial ( individual m54 ,! life ( a nation is1 s to speak1 long] ?an ! life ( a man4 ,c5turies are requir$ z ! "t ( a nation's trial1 b all hi/ory1 sacr$ & pr(ane1 te/ifies ! tru? ( ! g5]al rule giv5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 8,righte\sness exalte? a nation1 b s9 is a reproa* to any p40 ,! only diff]5ce :i* ,god makes betwe5 ,israel & ! o!r nations1 is ) reg>d to _! national exi/5ce 9 ?is _w4 ,he has crumbl$ ! mighty empires ( ,assyria1 ,babylon1 ,greece1 & ,rome into du/1 b he /ill pres]ves ! indep5d5t exi/5ce ( ! family ( ,abraham1 accord+ to 8 cov5ant2 & :51 z a nation1 !y rep5t & return to him1 ,he w remove ! rod ( 8 ang]1 & give !m ! temporal prosp]ity :i* ,he has promis$ by ! m\? ( ,moses 8 s]vant4 ,b ?is promise ( temporal bless+ w n ju/ify any imp5it5t ,jew at ! tribunal ( ,god's judgm5t4 ,! hopes held out by ! oral law are utt]ly fallaci\s1 & di%on\r+ to ,god1 inasmu* z he is repres5t$ z unduly fav\r+ "o nation1 & unju/ly condemn+ all o!rs4 ,an advocate ( ! oral law may1 h[ev]1 f9d out "s o!r way ( evad+ ! evid5t intol]ance ( ! above /atem5t1 & /ill insi/ ^u x1 t z ! ,talmud says1 8,! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w h a %>e 9 ! _w to come10 x is a v tol]ant book4 ,we !re=e proce$ to inquire :at pa9s ! ,rabbies h tak5 to add to ! numb] ( ^? :o are to be sav$4 ,!y believe1 z we are told1 t e "o1 :o receives & obs]ves ! sev5 comm&m5ts ( ! sons ( ,noah1 w be sav$2 !y believe t all o!rs mu/ be lo/2 h !y !n tak5 any pa9s to make kn[n ?is important in=mation to ! _w8 ,or1 if t 0 n to be expect$ dur+ ! captivity1 did !y dur+ ! days ( _! p[] & dom9ion8 ,or1 at lea/1 did !y (f] e facility to ^? ,g5tiles :o might come to r5\nce idolatry1 to receive ! necess>y in/ruction8 ,did !y comm& all _! disciples to be ready day & night to op5 _! doors at ! knock ( ! p5it5t idolat]1 & by receiv+ rescue him f ev]la/+ de/ruction8 ,n "o ( all ^! ?+s4 ,!y comm&$ t1 :5 !re 0 no jubilee1 su* conv]ts %\ld be refus$1 & t if !y did n *oose to be circumcis$ & obs]ve ! :ole ,mosaic law1 !y %\ld be left to p]i%4 1 1 8,:at is meant by a soj\rn+ proselyte8 ,su* an "o is a ,g5tile1 :o has tak5 ^u himself n to commit idolatry1 toge!r ) ! rema9+ comm&m5ts giv5 to ! sons ( ,noah1 b is n circumcis$ nor baptiz$4 ,su* an "o is receiv$1 & is ( ! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w4 ,& :y is he call$ a soj\rn]8 ,because x is lawful = u to let him dwell among/ u 9 ! l& ( ,israel1 z we h expla9$ 9 ! laws conc]n+ idolatry4 ,b a soj\rn+ ,proselyte is n receiv$ ,,:5 ,,! ,,jubilee ,,_c ,,be ,,obs]v$40 7,hil*o? ,issure ,biah41 c4 xiv4 #g1 #h47 ,at all o!r times ! un=tunate hea!n might p]i%1 if !y did n *oose to become ,jews altoge!r4 ,n[ :at w be ?\ght ( ! *>ity ( ?is law if we add1 t !re has be5 no jubilee1 & consequ5tly no pi\s among/ ! nations = two ?\s& sev5 hundr$ ye>s & m8 ,yet ?is is :at ! oral law tells u4 1 1 8,s9ce ! "t t ! tribe ( ,reub51 & ! tribe ( ,gad & ! half-tribe ( ,manasseh 7 l$ away captive1 ! jubilees h ceas$1 = x is said1 #8,& ye %all proclaim lib]ty ?r\gh\t ! l& unto all ! inhabitants !re(' 7,lev4 xxv4 #aj72 t means1 :5 all its inhabitants are ^u x1 &1 moreov]1 :5 ! tribes are n mix$ "o ) ano!r1 b all dwell+ accord+ z !y 7 appo9t$40 7,hil*o? ,%emitah1 c4 x4 #h47 ,we h ! acc\nt ( ?is captivity 9 ! foll[+ words1 8,9 ^? days ! ,"l began to cut ,israel %ort3 & ,hazael smote !m 9 all ! coa/s ( ,israel3 f ,jordan ea/w>d1 all ! l& ( ,gilead1 ! ,gadites1 & ! ,reub5ites1 & ! ,manassites40 7#b ,k+s x4 #cb1 #cc47 ,t 01 accord+ to ! common *ronology ab\t #hhd ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,if to ?is we add #ahcf1 we h #bgbj ye>s s9ce ! "t t !re c\ld be a jubilee1 & consequ5tly #bgbj ye>s s9ce any ,g5tiles 7 conv]t$ f ! errors ( idolatry to ! religion ( ! sons ( ,noah4 ,:at is x !n b solemn mock]y1 9 any "o acqua9t$ ) ! oral law1 to tell u t ! ,talmud is tol]ant1 & admits 8t ! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w may be sav$20 :5 accord+ to t same book sev5-&-tw5ty c5turies h elaps$1 s9ce any su* conv]ts 7 receiv$8 ,we believe t ^? :o make ?is def5ce are unacqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples ( ! sy/em :i* !y und]take to def5d4 ,! tru? is1 t ! au?ors ( ! oral law1 f9d+ t !y c\ld n altoge!r d5y salvation to ! pi\s ( o!r nations1 7 det]m9$ n to add to _! numb]1 & !re=e limit$ ! possibility ( ?is mode ( conv]sion to times t _h elaps$ long be=e !y 7 born4 ,b 9 _! own times !y w\ld n receive any "o :o 0 n will+ to be circumcis$ & to receive ! :ole law4 ,& h5ce we see h[ exactly ! ,new ,te/am5t repres5ts ! /ate ( ! case1 :5 ,*ri/ianity 0 fir/ propagat$ among/ ! ,g5tiles1 & free salvation 0 proclaim$ to all :o believ$1 )\t becom+ ,jewi% proselytes4 ,! ,rabb9i/s oppos$ ) all _! might4 8,& c]ta9 m5 :i* came d[n f ,judea taught ! bre?r5 & said1 ,except ye be circumcis$ aft] ! mann] ( ,moses1 ye _c be sav$40 ,& aga91 8,!re rose up c]ta9 ( ! sect ( ! ,ph>isees :i* believ$1 say+ t x 0 ne$ful to circumcise !m1 & to comm& !m to keep ! law ( ,moses40 7,acts xv4 #a-e47 ,!re 0 no ye> ( jubilee1 & !re=e r5unciation ( idolatry 0 n suffici5t 9 ! eyes ( ^! traditioni/s1 :o believ$ t at su* a "t !re 0 no salvation except = ^? :o obs]v$ ! :ole law4 ,b h[ is x n[8 ,if a ,g5tile %\ld desire n[ to become "o ( ! pi\s ( ! nations1 c\ld ! ,jews receive him8 ,accord+ to ! above g5]al pr9ciples1 c]ta9ly n4 ,! tribes are /ill scatt]$ & mix$ up toge!r4 ,! l& has n got 8all its inhabitants40 ,!re c be no jubilee1 & !re=e ^? t wi% to be sav$1 mu/1 accord+ to ! oral law1 turn ,jews1 or take _! *ance ( liv+ to a ye> ( jubilee4 ,b we are n necessitat$ to argue f ! pr9ciples4 ,! ?+ is expressly laid d[n 9 ! oral law4 ,aft] expla9+1 z we h quot$ above1 :o are ! pi\s ( ! _w1 & t :5 ! jubilee is possible1 is ! only "t = receiv+ !m1 x adds-- 8,b 9 ! pres5t "t1 ?\gh a man %\ld be will+ to take ^u him ! :ole law1 ) ! exception ( only "o ( its lea/ requirem5ts1 he is n to be receiv$40 ,n[ !n :at becomes ( ! boa/$ tol]ation ( ! ,talmud8 ,x says1 t 8! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w may be sav$40 ,b x says1 fir/1 t su* conv]ts c only be receiv$ :5 ! jubilee c be celebrat$4 ,x says1 secondly1 t ?is only opportunity has n occurr$ = ! la/ #b1gjj ye>s2 &1 la/ly1 x positively =bids ! ,jews 9 ! pres5t "t to give ! ,g5tiles a *ance ( salvation1 unless !y are will+ to receive ! :ole law4 ,:at use is x !n to talk ( ! pi\s ( ! _w1 or to say t p ( o!r religions may be sav$8 ,accord+ to ! ,talmud1 !re are no pi\s ( ! nations1 unless p]*ance !re may be "s desc5dants ( ^? :o 7 receiv$ #b1gjj ye>s ago4 ,b all hi/ory t we h ev] se5 is sil5t on ! subject4 ,we d n "k ( a s+le congregation ( ,noahites 9 ! :ole _w4 ,! =efa!rs ( ! ,*ri/ians 7 n receiv$ dur+ ! usage ( jubilee4 ,!y 7 idolat]s receiv$ aga9/ ! wi%es ( ! ,rabb9i/s4 ,! ,britons & ! ,saxons 7 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity long aft] ! f9al disp]sion ( ! ,jews1 t is1 at a "t :51 accord+ to ! ,talmud1 x 0 unlawful to add to ! pi\s among/ ! nations4 ,nei!r 7 !y receiv$ accord+ to ! ,talmudic condition1 9 ! pres5ce ( ?ree le>n$ ,jews4 8,& x is necess>y = su* an "o to take ! sev5 comm&m5ts on him 9 ! pres5ce ( ?ree le>n$ m51 :o are qualifi$ to be ,rabbies40 7,hil*o? ,mela*im1 c4 viii4 #aj47 ,accord+ to ! oral law1 !n1 !re are no su* p]sons n[ exi/+ z 8! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w40 ,x is1 !re=e1 idle to talk ( ! lib]ality ) :i* !y w\ld be treat$1 7 !y =?com+4 ,?us ! only appe>ance ( an argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! ,talmud vani%es into ?9 air1 & mocks our grasp1 z soon z we endeav\r to lay hold ( x4 ,^? :o caught at ?is phantom ( *>ity1 no d\bt meant x s9c]ely4 ,!y ?\ght t ! oral law 0 misrepres5t$4 ,!y 7 told t x 0 *>itable1 & !y !re=e nobly came =w>d 9 its def5ce4 ,if !y _h kn[n its true pr9ciples1 !y w\ld h r5\nc$ !m4 ,_! advocacy w5t on a false supposition4 ,b n[ t we h set =? ! true be>+s ( ! case1 & giv5 !m *apt] & v]se to :i* !y may ref]1 & conv9ce !mselves1 we call ^u !m to d s3 & !n1 z !y hate intol]ance1 to jo9 ) u 9 prote/+ aga9/ x1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld be f\nd 9 t sy/em1 :i* hi!rto !y h believ$1 on ! te/imony ( o!rs1 to be ,div9e4 ,at ! same "t we w\ld s]i\sly ask ( !m to comp>e ?is sy/em1 :i* has be5 = m ?an #a1gjj ye>s ! religion ( ! majority ( ! ,jewi% nation1 ) ! sy/em laid d[n 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & to decide :i* is mo/ agreeable to ! "* ( ,god1 z reveal$ 9 ! law & ! prophets1 & mo/ b5eficial to ! _w4 ,! oral law says1 t ,god has comm&$ ! hea!n to be left = #b1gjj ye>s )\t ! means ( in/ruction1 & t :5 ! days ( ,israel's prosp]ity come1 ! nations are to be conv]t$ by =ce2 b t ev5 !n1 !y w n be rais$ to ! rank ( bre?r51 b only be soj\rn+ proselytes4 ,! oral law looks =w>d to no reunion ( all ! sons ( ,adam into "o happy family4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t has1 on ! contr>y1 comm&$ its disciples to af=d ! means ( in/ruction 8to e creature40 ,x speaks to u ,g5tiles1 :o 7 once reg>d$ z poor outca/s1 9 ! language ( love1 & says1 8,n[1 !re=e1 ye are no m /rang]s & =eign]s1 b fell[-citiz5s ) ! sa9ts1 & ( ! h\sehold ( ,god40 7,ephes4 ii4 #ai47 ,x takes no?+ f y4 ,x ass]ts y\r privileges z ! peculi> p ( ,god2 b x reveals t great1 & to u1 mo/ com=table tru?1 8,t ! ,g5tiles %\ld be foll[-heirs1 & ( ! same body20 & x promises a happy "t1 :5 !re %all be "o fold & "o ,%eph]d4 ,x does1 inde$1 tell u n to =get :at we once 71 8ali5s f ! commonweal? ( ,israel1 & /rang]s f ! cov5ant ( promise1 hav+ no hope1 & )\t ,god 9 ! _w40 7,eph4 ii4 #ab47 ,x rem9ds u t ! olive-tree is ,jewi%1 & t y are ! natural bran*es1 & w>ns u aga9/ all boa/+4 7,rom4 xi4 #af-bd47 ,& we desire to rememb] ^! admonitions1 & to ackn[l$ge ) ?ankfulness1 t all t we h receiv$1 is d]iv$ f ! ,jewi% nation4 ,we ask y n to comp>e ! oral law ) any ,g5tile speculations1 or sy/ems1 or inv5tions1 b ) doctr9es ess5tially & entirely ,jewi%4 ,*ri/ianity has effect$ great & glori\s *anges 9 ! _w1 b we take n ! glory to ourselves4 ,we give x to ,god1 :o is ! au?or ( all good1 & "u ,him1 to ! p ( ,israel4 ,we ask y1 !n1 to comp>e ^! two ,jewi% sy/ems1 ,rabb9ism1 :i* has done no good to ! ,g5tiles1 & p]petuat$ mu* error among/ ! ,jews2 & ,*ri/ianity1 :i* has diffus$ ov] ! _w ! k ( ! "o true ,god--dissem9at$ ! writ+s ( ,moses & ! prophets1 & increas$ ! happ9ess ( a l>ge portion ( mank9d4 ,! comp>ison may require "t1 & ought to be conduct$ ) calmness & s]i\sness4 ,b we ?9k t1 ev5 )\t in/itut+ t comp>ison1 y mu/ ackn[l$ge t ! pr9ciples ( ! oral law1 discuss$ 9 ?is pap]1 are contr>y to ! law ( ,moses2 & t1 !re=e1 a decid$ & solemn prote/ aga9/ ^! ,rabb9ical additions1 is an imm$iate & imp]ative duty4 ,no4 ,x4 ,,rabb9ic ,,wa%+ ,,( ,,h&s4 ,!re are v>i\s m>ks by :i* a religion ( man's mak+ may be detect$4 ,x is usually intol]ant1 sup]/iti\s1 & volum9\s4 ,x limits ! love ( ,god to a p>ticul> class4 ,x exalts c]emonial obs]vances above ! wor%ip ( ! he>t2 & s multiplies its laws & def9itions1 z to put ! k ( x beyond ! rea* ( any b ! le>n$4 ,any "o ( ^! m>ks w\ld g f> t[>ds %ak+ ! claims ( a religi\s sy/em4 ,f> in/ance1 if x lay d[n z religi\s duties s _m & su* subtle laws1 z x is impossible = ! unle>n$ to atta9 a k (1 x is pla9ly ! inv5tion ( ! le>n$1 :o h ?\ght only ( !mselves1 & h n t t5d] reg>d & consid]ation = ! ignorant1 :i* ! ,creator has4 ,8 religion mu/ be = all1 ! poor z well z ! ri*1 & ! ignorant z well z ! wise ( ?is _w4 ,we fe> t ! oral law ( ! ,rabbies w n /& any "o ( ^! te/s3 x is1 at all ev5ts1 a religion = ! le>n$1 & ! le>n$ only4 ,!re is sc>cely "o ( its comm&m5ts t is n s encumb]$ ) di/9ctions & def9itions1 z to make ! "r int]pretation ( x ! sole prop]ty ( ! educat$4 ,take1 = example1 "o ( ! fir/ & mo/ frequ5t ( ! comm&m5ts1 9 ! ,rabb9i/'s daily practice1 7! wa%+ ( h&s47 ,! comm& appe>s v simple4 ,x says-- 8,let him wa% 8 h&s1 & pron\nce ! b5$iction = ! wa%+ ( h&s40 7,ora* ,*aiim41 #d47 ,b out ( ?is %ort comm& arise endless di/9ctions1 accord+ to :i* ! act p]=m$ is reg>d$ z a valid or invalid fulfilm5t ( ! comm&4 1 1 1 8,e "o :o wa%es 8 h&s mu/ att5d to f\r ?+s4 #a/1 ,to ! wat]1 t x be n unlawful = ! wa%+ ( h&s4 #b;d1 ,to ! measure1 t !re be a qu>t]n = ! two h&s4 #c;d1 ,to ! vessel1 t ! wat]1 :]e) ! wa%+ is p]=m$1 be 9 a vessel4 #d?1 ,to ! wa%]1 t ! wat] come ) =ce f him t p\rs40 7,hil*o? ,b]a*o?1 vi4 #f47 ,ea* ( ^! f\r limitations requires new explanations & def9itions ( its own1 z = example1 !re are f\r ?+s t make wat] unlawful = ! wa%+ ( h&s2 "o ( ^! is1 if any "w be done ) x4 ,?is necess>ily requires fre% def9itions ( :at is & is n "w4 ,!n come ! directions z to h[ = ! wa%+ is to rea*1 ! position ( ! h&s1 :e!r !y are to be held up or d[n1 ! dry+ ( ! h&s4 ,a p]fect & accurate k ( all ^! conditions c be atta9$ only by ! le>n$4 ,& aft] all ! c>e :i* ^! ?+s require1 ! ,israelite may aft] all fall %ort ( ,talmudic requirem5t1 = !re is /ill ano!r condition1 t involves ano!r ho/ ( ,rabb9ic def9itions1 ! non-obs]vance ( :i* w invalidate ! m]it ( 8 wa%+4 8,e ?+ t is an imp$im5t 9 baptism is an imp$im5t 9 wa%+ ( h&s40 7,hil*o? ,mikvao?1 xi4 #b47 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 leads to a new inquiry1 :at con/itutes an imp$im5t4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,^! are ! imp$im5ts 9 human be+s4 ,! film t is outside ! eye4 ,! incru/ation outside a w\nd4 ,dry blood t is on a w\nd4 ,! pla/] t is on x4 ,fil? ^u ! fle%4 ,! impurity or dirt "u ! nails4 ,dirt ^u ! body1 mud1 pott]'s clay1 c40 7,ibid41 c4 ii4 #a47 ,e "o ( ^! c give rise to endless que/ions 9 casui/ry1 :i* are evid5tly beyond ! p[]s ( ! unle>n$1 & mu/ draw him1 if he be a consci5ti\s man1 to ! ,rabbi to solicit 8 advice4 ,?us1 "o ( ! v fir/ comm&m5ts ) :i* ! ,jew beg9s ! day1 requires = its accurate fulfilm5t a degree ( k :i* is f> beyond ! atta9m5t ( ! multitude4 ,?is "o comm&m5t involves scores ( o!rs4 ,nay1 we d\bt n t an accurate ,talmudi/ might make #fac con/itutions out ( ?is "o alone2 & we appeal to ! consci5ce ( ! great majority ( ,jews 9 ,london to decide :e!r !y possess ! k "h requir$1 & consequ5tly :e!r x is possible = !m to keep ?is "o comm&m5t4 ,if !y transgress any "o ( ^! ,rabb9ic di/9ctions1 _! h&s are n wa%$1 & consequ5tly !y are unfit = pray]4 ,b ?is is n a comm& = ! morn+ only4 ,x mu/ be repeat$ ?r\gh ! day4 1 1 8,e "o :o eats t sort ( bread1 = :i* ! b5$iction is1 #8,bless$ art ?\1 ,o ,"l our ,god1 ,k+ ( ! univ]se6 :o br+e? =? bread f ! e>?1'#af is b\nd to wa% 8 h&s at ! beg9n+ & end4 ,& al?\gh ! bread be common1 & al?\gh 8 h&s h n be5 defil$1 & he is n aw>e ( any uncleanness ^u !m1 he is n to eat until he wa% bo? 8 h&s4 ,& ?us1 also1 ) reg>d to any?+ t is dipp$ 9 fluid1 ! wa%+ ( h&s is necess>y at ! beg9n+40 7,hil*o? ,b]a*o?1 vi4 #a47 ,"h1 aga91 x is necess>y to "k ! diff]5t sorts ( bread1 & ! comp\nds t may be made ) ! diff]5t sorts ( fl\r1 & ! v>i\s =ms ( b5$iction1 & out ( ^! aga9 may arise z _m d\bts & que/ions z out ( ! =m]1 = ! solution ( :i* le>n+1 acut5ess1 & practice are requir$2 & ! want ( ^! may lead to transgression1 &1 accord+ to ! ,rabbies1 to mo/ fatal consequ5ces4 ,= in/ance1 neglect ( ?is comm& aft] ! meal may cause bl9dness4 4 4 4 8,all bread t has salt 9 x requires wa%+ ( h&s aft] x2 le/ p]haps x might be ! salt ( ,sodom1 or salt ( ! same nature1 & a man might pass 8 h& ov] 8 eyes & become bl9d4 ,on ?is acc\nt all are b\nd to wa% _! h&s at ! end ( e meal1 because ( ! salt4 ,b 9 a camp !y are exempt f wa%+ at ! beg9n+1 because !y are oppress$ ) ! fatigues ( w>1 & are b\nd to wa% aft] meal on acc\nt ( ! dang]40 7,ibid41 #c47 ,suppose1 !n1 t a poor ignorant man1 ) ! be/ int5tion 9 ! _w1 set ab\t ?is wa%+1 & made a mi/ake ) reg>d to ! wat]1 or ! vessel1 or ! p\r+1 or ! position ( 8 h&s2 or suppose t a soldi]1 9 ! hurry ( a camp1 7 to make ?is mi/ake1 or omit ! wa%+ altoge!r1 & !n h ! ill luck to put 8 h&s to 8 eyes1 accord+ to ! oral law1 bl9dness w\ld be ! consequ5ce4 ,any neglect or defect 9 ! morn+ ablution w\ld be m fatal /ill4 4 1 1 1 4 8,a man mu/ be v c>eful 9 p\r+ wat] on 8 h&s ?ree times = an evil _s re/s ^u ! h&s be=e wa%+1 & does n dep>t until wat] be p\r$ on !m ?ree times4 ,!re=e x is necess>y1 be=e wa%+1 to ab/a9 f t\*+ ! h& to ! m\?1 & ! nose1 & ! e>s1 & ! eyes1 because an evil _s re/s ^u !m40 7,ora* ,*aiim41 #d47 ,n[1 is ?is ! religion ( ! ,god ( love1 & m]cy1 & ju/ice8 ,is x at all l ,him to give laws s subtle & multif>i\s 9 _! di/9ctions1 t x is next to impossible = ! unle>n$ man to obey !m aright1 & !n to atta* to ?is non-obs]vance su* calamit\s consequ5ces8 ,if x be repli$ t ! puni%m5t is visit$ only on ^? :o transgress wilfully1 !n !re are ?\s&s ( ,jews1 p]haps 9 ?is v city1 :o live 9 ! habitual & wilful omission ( ?is precept1 & :o h ! use ( _! eyes1 j z well z ! /ricte/ ,rabb9i/4 ,?is fact1 :i* no "o w dispute1 proves beyond d\bt1 t ! oral law has spok5 falsehood1 & !re=e ?r[s utt] discr$it ^u its te/imony respect+ ! tradition ( ! comm&m5t itself4 ,x is confess$ly n a comm&m5t f ,god1 b f ! scribes4 8,we h expla9$ long ago1 t ! wa%+ & ba?+ ( ! h&s are d]iv$ f ! words ( ! scribes40 7,hil*o? ,mikvao?1 xi4 #a47 ,t !y _h no ,div9e au?ority = ! comm& is evid5t f ! subtilty & sup]/ition ( its ord9ances2 = we presume t few w "q ! sup]/ition ( ! ?reat ( bl9dness to ! disob$i5t1 or ( ! fable ( ! evil _s re/+ ^u ! h&s4 ,"o su* comm&1 !n1 w g f> to discr$it ! :ole /ory ( an oral law1 & to invalidate ! "* ( its witnesses4 ,!y 7 evid5tly sup]/iti\s m51 no way elevat$ above ! vulg> prejudices or ! times1 n at all scrupul\s 9 add+ to ! law ( ,god1 & evid5tly aim+ at a complete dom9ation ov] ! consci5ces ( _! foll[]s4 ,x is h>dly possible to believe t !y 7 n aw>e ( ! necess>y result ( ! sy/em1 ! complete subjugation ( ! consci5ces ( ! multitude4 ,! mass ( mank9d has no leisure = ! /udy ( juri/ic di/9ctions1 !y mu/1 !re=e1 if !y believe su* to be ,div9e1 ca/ !mselves ^u ! m]cy ( ! le>n$1 & !re c be no d\bt t ^? :o h ! keys ( salvation1 w also possess no small degree ( influ5ce & p[] 9 ?is _w4 ,b1 :atev] 0 ! motive1 !re c be no d\bt ab\t ! sev]ity ) :i* ! ,rabbies en=c$ ?is comm&4 ,!y exact$ ev5 f ! poor un=tunate1 :om circum/ances left only en\gh wat] to slake 8 ?ir/1 t he %\ld sacrifice a port ( x to ?is ,rabb9ical purification4 8,?\gh he %\ld only h en\gh wat] to dr9k1 he is to wa% 8 h&s ) a "p ( x1 & !n to eat1 & to dr9k ! rema9d]40 7,hil*o? ,b]a*o?1 vi4 #ai47 ,& n cont5t ) ?is h>% requirem5t1 !y s5t5ce ! despis] ( _! comm&s to excommunication4 8,x is necess>y to be v c>eful 9 wa%+ ( h&s1 = e "o :o despises ! wa%+ ( h&s is guilty ( excommunication40 7,ora* ,*aiim41 #aeh47 ,& ?is same book confirms ?is decision by a case :i* actually occurr$ ( a man ?us excommunicat$1 & :o dy+ 9 8 excommunication _h ! usual indignities (f]$ to 8 corpse4 8,:om did !y excommunicate8 ,eleaz> b5 ,*atz>1 :o despis$ ! wa%+ ( h&s2 & :5 he 0 dead1 ! tribunal s5t1 & _h a great /one laid on 8 c(f91 to tea* !e t ( e "o :o is excommunicat$ & dies 9 8 excommunication1 ! c(f9 is /on$ by ! tribunal40 7,talmud1 ,b]a*o?1 fol4 #ai1 col4 #a47 ,:5 !y _h ! p[] !y employ$ x to ! full1 & n[ t !y h x n1 ! oral law /ill ?reat5s pov]ty & extirpation to e transgressor4 8,e "o :o despises wa%+ ( h&s s9ks into pov]ty4 ,r4 ,z]ika says1 9 ! "n ( ,r4 ,eliez]1 ,e "o t despises ! wa%+ ( h&s is root$ out ( ! _w40 7,ora* ,*aiim41 ibid47 ,su* is ! tol]ation ( ! oral law t[>ds ,jews1 accus$ ( no brea* ( ,god's comm&m5t1 convict$ ( no d5ial ( ,god's ,^w1 guilty ( no crime4 ,& yet ^! same m51 :o are /rict ev5 to p]secution ab\t "o ( _! own in/itutions1 all[ t :i* !y consid] ! ,^w ( ,god to be transgress$ ) impunity1 if x be exp$i5t4 ,!y ass]t _! belief1 t ! law ( ,moses =bids ! ,jews to h clo?+1 l t ( ! ,g5tiles1 to %ave or to we> _! hair l ! o!r nations1 & yet !y say ! transgression ( ?is ,div9e comm& is lawful "u ! foll[+ circum/ances3-- 8,an ,israelite :o is ne> to ,royalty1 & is oblig$ to sit be=e ,g5tile k+s1 & = :om x w\ld be disgraceful n to be l !m1 is all[$ to dress & to %ave z !y d40 7,hil*o? ,accum41 xi4 #c47 ,b x is n to be wond]$ at1 t ^? %\ld lightly e/eem ! ,^w ( ,god1 :o are capable ( conf\nd+ ! guilt ( transgress+ a m]e human c]emony ) ! guilt ( transgress+ a ,div9e comm&4 ,! ,talmud makes ! s9 ( neglect+ ?is comm& z great z t ( gross immorality4 8,e "o :o eats bread )\t wa%+ ( h&s1 is z guilty z if he _h committ$ =nication40 7,sotah1 fol4 iv41 col4 #b47 ,! sum ( all t has be5 said is1 t ! scribes & ,ph>isees add$ a comm&m5t n giv5 by ,moses1 t !y s ref9$ ^u ! conditions ( its fulfilm5t z to make x almo/ impossible = ! unle>n$ n to transgress x1 & yet d5\nc$ su* heavy p5alties ^u ! transgressor z to make x an intol]able burd5 to ! consci5ti\s2 t :5 !y _h ! p[]1 !y p]secut$ all t refus$ ob$i5ce1 & did n scruple to pron\nce ! guilt ( transgression z great z t ( break+ "o ( ! moral comm&m5ts4 ,!y h pres5t$ z ! religion ( ,moses a sy/em :i* is volum9\s1 sup]/iti\s1 & intol]ant2 difficult to ! compreh5sion ( ! unle>n$1 t]rific to _! consci5ces1 & cruel to _! p]sons4 ,b :5 ! poor 7 gr\nd d[n & oppress$ "u ?is weight ( sup]/ition & tyranny1 ,god s5t !m a deliv]] 9 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 :o ass]t$ ! reveal$ tru? ( ,god1 & prote/$ aga9/ ?is m5tal bondage4 8,!n come toge!r unto him ! ,ph>isees1 & c]ta9 ( ! scribes :i* came f ,j]usalem4 ,& :5 !y saw "s ( 8 disciples eat bread ) defil$ 7t is to say1 ) unwa%57 h&s !y f\nd fault4444 ,he answ]$ & said unto !m1 ,well ha? ,esaias prophesi$ ( y hypocrites1 z x is writt51 ,?is p hon\re? me ) _! lips1 b _! he>t is f> f me4 ,h[beit 9 va9 d !y wor%ip me1 tea*+ = doctr9es ! comm&m5ts ( m54444 ,& :5 he _h call$ all ! p unto him1 he said unto !m1 ,he>k5 unto me e "o ( y & und]/&3 !re is no?+ f )\t a man t1 ent]+ into him1 c defile him3 b ! ?+s :i* come out ( him1 ^? are !y t defile him4444 ,= f )91 out ( ! he>t ( m51 proce$ evil ?\ghts1 adult]ies1 =nications1 murd]s1 !fts1 covet\sness1 wick$ness1 deceit1 lascivi\sness1 an evil eye1 blasphemy1 pride1 fooli%ness3 all ^! ?+s come f )91 & defile ! man40 7,m>k vii4 #a-bc47 ,"h ! ,"l ,jesus ass]ts :at is alike ! tru? ( ,god1 & agreeable to ! dictates ( s\nd s5se4 ,s ,samuel said 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 8,man looke? on ! outw>d appe>ance1 b ,god looke? on ! he>t40 7#a ,sam4 xvi4 #g47 ,b ! scribes & ,ph>isees treat$ ! ,"l ,jesus 9 ! _s ( ! laws :i* we h adduc$ above4 ,!y p]secut$ him unto dea?1 & to ! dea? ,he will+ly w5t a m>tyr = ! tru?1 & a sacrifice = ! s9 ( ! _w4 ,! au?ors ( ! oral law _h b a %ort triumph4 ,he rose f ! dead1 & 8 doctr9e spread ?r\gh ! _w1 & ev]y:]e ann\nc$ fre$om f ! bondage ( sup]/ition z well z a hope ( ev]la/+ life4 ,& ! ,jewi% nation is at ?is h\r enjoy+ ! fruits ( ,8 dea? & doctr9e 9 _! lib]ty f ,rabb9ic dom9ation4 ,_m ( y n[ hold "s ( ^? pr9ciples1 ! ass]tion ( :i* 0 ! cause ( ,8 dea?4 ,y believe t moral duties are f> beyond c]emonial obs]vances4 ,y believe1 _m ( y1 t to eat ) unwa%5 h&s is no s91 & h giv5 up ! practice4 ,y transgress ?is comm&m5t ( ! scribes1 & yet y are n excommunicat$ nor p]secut$4 ,= all ?is y are indebt$ to ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,if ! oral law _h triumph$1 & ! doctr9e ( ,jesus be5 sil5c$1 y w\ld /ill be liv+ ! victims ( sup]/ition or p]secution4 ,y w\ld h be5 afraid ( be+ /ruck ) bl9dness1 or haunt$ ) an evil _s1 or ev5 ( be+ root$ out ( ! _w4 ,if a ray ( ,div9e light _h visit$ y\r und]/&+1 & y _h prote/$ aga9/ ^! traditions1 y w\ld h _h to feel ! weight ( ,rabb9ical p]secution1 l ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,y w\ld h be5 excommunicat$ l ,eleaz>1 & if ,god _h giv5 y /r5g? to rema9 fai?ful1 w\ld h di$ excommunicat$1 & h _h a /one ^u y\r c(f94 ,h[ is x t n[ y are free1 t y c ?9k & act )\t any su* fe>8 ,is x because ! ,talmud has alt]$8 ,no1 x is j :at x 04 ,! consci5ti\s believ]s 9 ! ,talmud are j ! same z _! fa!rs1 & z consci5ti\s m51 if !y _h ! p[]1 !y w\ld ?9k x _! b\nd5 duty to treat y1 z _! pr$ecessors treat$ ,eleaz>4 ,b ! doctr9e ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? deliv]s y2 & ! foll[]s ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? are y\r protectors aga9/ ! rig\r ( ! oral law1 & ! intol]ance ( y\r bre?r54 ,%\ld n ?is fact1 !n1 lead y to exam9e into ! claims ( t same ,naz>5e8 ,h[ is x t if ! pr9ciples ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? %\ld ev] become univ]sal1 ! _w w be univ]sally happy2 :]eas if ! pr9ciples ( ^? :o reject$ him become univ]sal1 ! :ole _w w groan "u sup]/ition & cruelty8 ,:at /rong] te/imony c !re be to ! ju/ice ( 8 claims1 & ! inju/ice ( 8 condemnation8 ,exam9e1 !n1 into ! o!r evid5ce1 & 9 ! mean:ile prote/ aga9/ ! pr9ciples ( ! ,talmud1 & endeav\r to deliv] y\r bre?r54 ,!re are multitudes ( ,jews :o /ill groan "u ! sup]/iti\s laws respect+ ! wa%+ ( h&s4 ,9 ! book ( daily pray] publi%$ "h 9 ,london1 ! ord9ance ( wa%+ ( h&s is ackn[l$g$ z ,div9e4 ,on ! #aea/ leaf1 col4 #b1 y w f9d ! foll[+ bless+3-- 8,bless$ art ?\1 ,o ,"l our ,god6 ,k+ ( ! univ]se6 :o ha? sanctifi$ u ) 8 comm&m5ts1 & comm&$ u to cleanse our h&s40 ,n[ ?is is a positive untru?2 ,god has n giv5 ! comm&m5t respect+ ! wa%+ ( h&s4 ,& yet "h y\r pray]-book solemnly tells him t he has4 ,& ?is pray]-book has also put a rubric to ?is b5$iction1 8,:5 ! *ildr5 wa% _! h&s 9 ! morn+1 !y are taught to say ! foll[+ bless+40 ,f :i* x appe>s t ! ,jewi% *ildr5 9 ,engl& are /ill taught to ackn[l$ge ! ,div9e au?ority ( ! ,talmud1 = ! only way 9 :i* t b5$iction c be def5d$1 is by say+ t ! oral law is ,div9e1 & t its comm&m5ts 7 giv5 by ,god4 ,x is !re=e a holy & imp]ative duty on all ^? ,israelites :o reject ,talmudic sup]/ition & intol]ance to h ?is b5$iction eras$ f _! pray]-book1 & to pres]ve ! *ildr5 f ! infection ( t law :i* p]secutes ! liv+ & insults ! dead4 ,footnote #af3 ,jewi% ,pray]-book1 p4 #aeb4 ,no4 ,,xi4 ,,rabb9ic ,,artifices ,,respect+ ,,leav5 ,,at ,,! ,,passov]4 ,"o ( ! _m bright features 9 ! national "* ( ,israel is ! devot$ con/ancy1 ) :i* !y h1 9 ! mo/ tr\bl\s times & "u ! mo/ disa/r\s circum/ances1 celebrat$ ! anniv]s>y ( _! fir/ great national deliv]ance4 ,m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s h n[ roll$ away s9ce ,israel's ,god he>d ! cries ( ! fir/-born 9 ,egypt1 & by slay+ ! fir/-born ( _! enemies1 effect$ _! salvation ) a mighty h& & on out/ret*$ arm4 ,& yet ! memory ( t great ev5t is /ill fre% 9 ! he>ts ( ! nation1 & ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 :]ev] scatt]$1 9 ! wilds ( ,pol&1 ! coa/s ( ,africa1 or ! torrid regions ( ,india1 z well z among/ ourselves1 are n[ mak+ cons5tane\s prep>ation = ! approa*+ fe/ival4 ,su* con/ancy & su* devotion bespeak m9ds ( no ord9>y m\ld1 & naturally lead u to ask1 h[ is x t ! ,"l does n n[ he> ,israel's cries & pray]s1 :i* asc5d f e region "u heav51 & re/ore !m to t place 9 ,8 disp5sations & t rank among/ ! sons ( m51 :i* 8 ,^w assigns to !m8 ,a ,*ri/ian w\ld give ! answ] sugge/$ by ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b we waive t at pres5t4 ,! oral law gives a reply ! same 9 sub/ance4 ,x tells u t ! mass ( ! nation has obscur$ ! light ( ,div9e revelation by ! admixture ( human inv5tions1 t1 !re=e1 a re/oration w\ld only be ! e/abli%m5t ( error1 & is consequ5tly impossible4 ,we h already giv5 "s pro(s ( ?is ass]tion1 ! ,rabb9ical laws relat+ to ! ,passov] furni% u ) _m m1 & to ^! ! season ( ! ye> n[ naturally ref]s u4 ,among/ ! fir/ directions relat+ to ! ,passov]1 ! ,^w ( ,god gives ?is pla9 comm&1 8,ev5 ! fir/ day %all ye put away leav5 out ( y\r h\ses40 7,exod4 xii4 #ae47 ,?is is intelligible to ! mo/ illit]ate1 & easy to be obey$1 b ! ,rabbles h sup]add$ a mass ( explanations & obs]vances1 :i* t5d only to p]plex & to burd5 ! consci5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ place !y are n satisfi$ ) ! hone/ endeav\r ( an ,israelite to obey ! comm& ( ,god1 unless he does x accord+ to ! =m & mann] :i* !y prescribe4 1 8,:at is meant by ! putt+ away 7( leav57 m5tion$ 9 ! law8 ,x is ?is1 t a man annul x 9 8 he>t1 & c\nt x z du/1 & int5d 9 8 he>t to h no leav5 :atev] 9 8 possession1 & t all ! leav5 9 8 possession %all be z du/1 & ( no necessity :atev]40 7,hil*o? ,*ometz ,umatzah1 c4 ii4 #b47 ,"h1 !n1 !y require a =mal int5tion1 b !y h also prep>$ a =m ( words 9 :i* to clo! x4 8,all mann] ( leav5 t is 9 my possession1 :i* ,i h se51 & :i* ,i h n se52 :i* ,i h remov$1 & :i* ,i h n remov$1 %all be null1 & acc\nt$ z ! du/ ( ! e>?40 7,levi's ,pray]s = ! ,passov]1 fol4 #b1 col4 #a47 ,& to ?is =m a rubric is add$1 8,if ! ma/] is n at home1 he annuls ! leav5 :]ev] he is40 ,n[ ?is may at fir/ sight appe> z a v innoc5t c]emony1 b ,god w>ns u aga9/ all additions to ,8 ,^w & comm&m5ts4 ,x is 9 itself presumptu\s1 & z connect$ ) ! ,rabb9ical doctr9e ( m]it1 mu/ h an injuri\s t5d5cy ^u ! m9ds ( ! multitude4 ,!y w argue t by obs]v+ ?is =m1 !y h fulfill$ a comm&m5t1 & t consequ5tly !re is an additional sum ( m]it to be put to ! cr$it side ( _! acc\nt1 z a set (f aga9/ _! transgressions4 ,& on ! o!r h&1 if !y =get to g ?r\gh ?is =m at ! "r h\r1 & aft]w>ds any leav5 be f\nd 9 _! h\ses1 ! ,rabbies br+ !m 9 guilty ( transgress+ two negative comm&m5ts1 :i* !y say is a m he9\s (f5ce ?an disobey+ ! affirmative precepts4 8,!re=e1 if a man does n annul 7! leav57 be=e ! six? h\r1 & aft]w>ds f ! six? h\r & onw>ds %\ld f9d leav51 :i* 0 on 8 m9d & 9 8 he>t1 b he =got x at ! h\r ( removal1 & did n remove x2 ,behold1 su* an "o has transgress$ ! comm&1 #8,x %all n be se5 ) !e' 7,exod4 xiii4 #g71 & also ! comm&1 #8,x %all n be f\nd 9 y\r h\ses' 7,exod4 xii4 #ai71 = he nei!r remov$ x nor annull$ x40 7,hil*o? ,*ometz1 c4 iii4 #h47 ,n[1 c y believe t ?is decision is f ,god :o se>*e? ! he>t8 ,c y believe t a man :o _h x 9 8 m9d & he>t to remove a piece ( leav5 accord+ to ,god's comm&m5t1 b :il/ remov+ ! re/ =got ?is "o piece1 is to be br\ght 9 guilty1 simply because he did n obs]ve a m]e =m1 :i* ,god has n[h]e comm&$8 ,or t he w\ld n h be5 guilty1 if he _h repeat$ "s half doz5 words prescrib$ by m51 s9n]s l himself8 ,v diff]5t is ! decl>ation ( ,god himself1 1 8,because x 0 9 ?9e he>t0 7#a ,k+s viii4 #ah73 he accept$ ! int5tion1 & gave x ! bless+ ( ob$i5ce4 ,! ,rabb9ic decision is1 !re=e1 n ( ,god1 & goes f> t[>ds ov]?r[+ ! claims ( ! :ole oral law4 ,b ! ,rabbies 7 n satisfi$ ) ?is inv5tion ( annull+ ! leav51 !y h impos$ ^u ! consci5ces ( _! foll[]s ano!r obs]vance1 utt]ly unkn[n to ,moses1 & t is 1 ! se>*+ = leav54 1 8,on ! ev5+ be=e ! #ad? ( ,nisan1 be=e ! com+ out ( ! />s1 !y are to se>* = ! leav5 by ! light ( a s+le wax tap]3 & :5 ! "t draws ne>1 x is unlawful to d any "w1 or to eat1 or to /udy40 7,passov] ,pray]s1 fol4 #a1 col4 #b47 ,= ?is comm& !re is evid5tly no f\ndation 9 ! law ( ,moses4 ,x is confess$ly ( ! words ( ! ,scribes1 & yet ! mo/ m9ute directions are giv51 & ! greate/ att5tion requir$1 z if x _h be5 f ,god himself1 & v>i\s cases suppos$ :]e a second se>* is necess>y1 z = in/ance3-- 1 8,if1 aft] ! se>*1 he see a m\se come into ! h\se ) leav5 9 8 m\?1 x is necess>y to se>* a second "t4 ,& al?\gh he %\ld f9d ! crumbs ab\t ! h\se1 he is n to say1 ! m\se has eat5 ! bread long s9ce1 & ^! are ! crumbs1 b1 on ! contr>y1 he mu/ fe> le/ x %\ld h left ! leav5 9 a hole or a w9d[1 & ^! crumbs 7 !re be=e2 he mu/ !re=e se>* aga94 ,if he f9d no?+1 !n he mu/ se>* ! :ole h\se2 b if he f9d ! bread ) :i* ! m\se w5t (f1 !n no fur!r se>* is necess>y40 ,ano!r case ( equal importance1 & m +5uity1 is ! foll[+3-- 4 4 4 8,if a m\se ent] a h\se ) bread 9 8 m\?1 & a m\se also g out ( ! same h\se ) bread 9 8 m\?1 "o may conclude t ?is is "o & ! self-same m\se1 & x is n necess>y to se>*4 ,b if ! =m] t ent]$ 0 black1 & ! latt] t w5t out :ite1 a se>* is necess>y4 ,if a m\se w5t 9 ) bread 9 8 m\?1 & a weasel come out ) bread 9 h] m\?1 x is necess>y to se>*4 ,if a m\se & a weasel bo? g out1 & bread 9 ! weasel's m\?1 !re is no se>* requir$1 = ?is is ! id5tical bread t _h be5 be=e 9 ! m\se's m\?40 7,hil*o? ,*ometz1 c4 ii47 ,we d n mean to say t ?is sort ( wisdom 0 nev] f\nd 9 ,*ri/ians4 ,we are well aw>e t ! s*ola/ic div9es display mu* ( ! same p]v]se +5uity1 & ! a*ievem5ts ( mice h figur$ 9 ,g5tile !ology too1 b we h r5\nc$ t :ole sy/em z contr>y to ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,y /ill adh]e to ! !ology ( ! ,scribes1 & are n[ ab\t to keep a solemn fe/ival accord+ to _! ord9ances4 ,& yet y see h[ poor _! view ( true piety1 & h[ p]v]se ! application ( _! "t & _! +5uity4 ,! mo/ unle>n$ ,israelite :o has read ! law ( ,moses 9 its simple dignity1 w "k v well t :5 ,god comm&$ ! ,israelites to remove leav5 f _! h\ses1 he did n mean t !y %\ld g & rummage out ! m\se-holes1 or sp5d _! "t look+ aft] mice & weasels4 ,if1 in/ead ( ! oral law1 y _h read ?is 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 w\ld y n h tak5 x z complete evid5ce aga9/ ! claims ( t book8 & if ,/4 ,paul or ,/4 ,pet] _h giv5 su* comm&s to ! ,g5tile conv]ts1 w\ld y n h said1 ^! m5 7 ei!r fools or knaves8 ,b 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t no?+ l x is to be f\nd4 ,! precepts !re giv51 & ! in/ruction !re convey$1 is all ( a noble & dignifi$ "*1 :il/ ! trifl+ & ! folly /ill exi/ 9 ! oral law h&$ d[n by ^? :o reject$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,if ! te/imony ( m5 at all dep5ds ^u ! wisdom ( him :o gives x1 ! te/imony ( ! ,scribes is n wor? mu*4 ,b ! trifl+ is exce$$ by ! presumption4 ,^! m5 h said1 z we h quot$ above f y\r pray]-book1 8t :5 ! "t = ! se>* draws ne>1 x is unlawful to d any "w1 or to eat1 or to /udy20 s t ! poor man is to give up 8 lawful bus9ess1 ! hungry man to ab/a9 f 8 lawful food1 & all to neglect ev5 ! read+ ( ,god's holy ,^w1 9 ord] to g & se>* into holes & corn]s1 = t :i* !y "k is n to be f\nd1 or to f9d t :i* 0 laid 9 _! way int5tionally & = t v purpose4 ,we ask y c ?is be f ,god1 or1 are ! m5 :o make ! read+ ( ,god's ,^w give way to ?is c]emony1 to be dep5d$ ^u z tea*]s ( ! true religion8 ,b ! oral law n only adds human inv5tions1 b lays d[n pr9ciples :i* involve consid]able difficulties1 ! solution ( :i* requires no small %>e ( +5uity4 ,= in/ance-- 8,x is = ev] unlawful to h any pr(it f leav51 t has exi/$ dur+ ! season ( ! ,passov]40 ,?is is und]/ood ( leav5 belong+ to ,israelites1 & accord+ to ?is all ,israelites are oblig$ to sell1 or give away1 or lose all ! leav5 :i* !y may h at ! comm5cem5t ( ,passov]1 & ( c\rse1 if !y h mu*1 ! loss w\ld be v s]i\s4 ,b ! ,rabbies :o h made ! difficulty1 h also f\nd v>i\s ways ( evad+ x4 ,"o is by pl$g+ ! leav5 ) a c]ta9 =m ( words-- 8,an ,israelite :o has pawn$ 8 leav5 to a ,g5tile1 if he says to him1 9 case ,i d n br+ !e ! money f ?is "t to a c]ta9 day1 y h pur*as$ ?is leav5 f ! pres5t "t2 !n ?is leav5 is consid]$ z 9 ! possession ( ! ,g5tile1 & x is lawful aft] ! ,passov]40 7,hil*o? ,*ometz1 c4 iv47 ,if1 !re=e1 an ,israelite1 :o has a l>ge quantity ( leav51 wi%es to keep ! comm&m5t ( remov+ all leav5 f 8 possession1 & at ! "t to be able to resume ! possession aft] ! ,passov]2 & to h ! worldly ga9 too1 z well ! spiritual pr(it1 he has no?+ to d b to pawn x ) ?is =m ( words4 ,n[ we ask e ,jew ( common s5se1 :e!r ?is be n a m]e trick1 an attempt to *eat "o's own consci5ce1 an unwor?y artifice to s]ve ,god1 & yet to avoid ! loss :i* w\ld result f a simple obs]vance ( ! comm&8 ,x is pla9 t a man :o acts ?us has no real int5tion ( r5\nc+ ! possession ( ! leav54 ,& ?is is n a s+le case2 ! oral law is ri* 9 su* cases1 z x all[s a mock pawn+1 s x all[s a mock sale or gift4 1 8,al?\gh ! ,israelite kn[s t ! ,g5tile w n t\* ! leav5 at all1 b keep x = him until aft] ! ,passov]1 & w !n return x to him1 x is lawful40 ,( c\rse a le>n$ ,israelite1 acqua9t$ ) ?is provision ( ! oral law1 w select a ,g5tile ( ?is description to :om to sell or give 8 leav51 fully aw>e t aft] ,passov] x w be 8 aga91 & he may enjoy ! pr(it4 ,b suppose a ,jew _h l5t money to a ,g5tile1 & receiv$ ! int]e/ e week 9 bread1 :at is he to d8 ,x is evid5t t at ,passov] he _c make use ( ! bread on acc\nt ( ! leav51 nei!r aft] ! ,passov] c he receive t bread nor money = x1 z accord+ to ! oral law he mu/ h no pr(it f leav5 :i* has witness$ ! ,pas*al week4 ,?is is a difficult case1 b x is n ( our mak+4 ,! oral law :i* has propos$ ! difficulty1 has also provid$ a solution4 8,an ,israelite :o receives bread f a ,g5tile e week z int]e/1 is1 accord+ to ,avi ,haezri1 to tell him be=e ! ,passov]1 t 9 ! ,passov] week he mu/ give him fl\r or money1 & !n :5 !y come to make up _! acc\nts1 he may receive f him t :i* he did n receive dur+ ! ,passov]40 7,arbah4 ,turim4 ,ora* ,*aiim1 sec4 #dej47 ,accord+ to ?is simple device1 m]ely by say+ a few words1 he c make t lawful1 :i* be=e w\ld h be5 a great s94 ,x is n ne$ful ev5 to int5d to h money or fl\r1 he may int5d to h ! leav5 aft] ! ,passov]2 ! words h ! trans=m+ efficacy4 ,! same book gives ,ra%i's solution ( ano!r simil> difficulty4 1 8,a "q propos$ to ,ra%i--,suppose t an ,israelite & a ,g5tile _h an ov5 9 p>tn]%ip1 %all he say to ! ,g5tile1 ,take ?\ ! pr(it dur+ ! ,passov]1 & ,i w take aft]w>ds8 ,he repli$1 ,let him make a b>ga9 be=e ! ,passov]1 & take ! price ( t week40 7,ibid47 ,a man ( common s5se w see t "h1 z 9 ! o!r cases1 ! ,jew does really receive ! pr(it f leav5 9 exi/5ce dur+ ! ,passov]1 & t :e!r he receive ! money or ! pr(it be=e or aft]w>ds1 !re is no real diff]5ce 9 ! circum/ances ( ! transaction2 "o pr9ciple p]vades all ^! decisions1 & t is1 evasion ( :at is consid]$ a ,div9e comm&4 ,! man :o gives away ! leav5 ) ! full int5tion ( resum+ possession aft] ! ,passov]1 & ! man :o sells only = ! week1 9 full p]suasion t 8 "r & int]e/ rema91 does 9 reality nei!r give nor sell4 ,!re may be an outw>d appe>ance ( ! ?+1 b ,god does n judge accord+ to ! appe>ance2 he looks on ! int5tion ( ! he>t4 ,he is n satisfi$ ) ! =m ( giv+ or sell+1 b look+ at ! inmo/ ?\ghts ( ! s\l1 ,he sees t ! man does n wi% nor int5d to d ei!r "o or ! o!r1 & m>ks him z a delib]ate1 & wilful transgressor4 ,b we appeal to e unsophi/icat$ m9d 9 ,israel1 w\ld su* a sy/em ( evasion be consid]$ z hon\rable1 ev5 accord+ to ! maxims ( ?is _w8 ,or c t conduct1 :i* m5 w\ld call di%on\rable1 be consid]$ z an acceptable s]vice be=e ,god8 ,b1 above all1 c x be ! law giv5 to ,moses by ! ,god ( tru?8 ,?is x is :i* gives ?is discussion all its importance4 ,if ! ,talmud & all its decisions 7 reta9$ m]ely z a curi\s remnant ( antiquity1 z ! effusions ( a p]v]se +5uity1 or ! wak+ dreams ( s*ola/ics1 we might bo? pass x by ) a smile4 ,b x is propos$ z ! law ( ,god4 ,x is ! religion ( ! great majority ( ! ,jewi% p1 & no d\bt at ?is v "t1 _m an ,israelite 9 ,pol& & else:]e1 if n 9 ,engl&1 is prep>+ a mock sale1 or draw+ up a contract = ! imag9>y disposal ( ! leav5 9 8 possession1 9 ob$i5ce to ! above directions4 ,!y d x 9 simplicity1 ) a mi/ak5 devotion4 ,!y are misl$2 b does n a fe>ful load ( responsibility re/ ^u ^? ,israelites :o "k bett]1 & yet leave _! bre?r5 9 ?is griev\s error1 yea1 & confirm !m 9 x by jo9+ 9 all ! c]emonies :i* t sy/em prescribes8 ,because ( ?is sy/em1 ! nation is /ill exil$ f ! l& ( ,israel4 ,because ( ?is sy/em1 ! ang] ( ! ,"l is n turn$ away1 b ,8 arm is /ret*$ out /ill4 ,if !n y love y\r p--if y desire _! national exaltation1 & _! et]nal welf>e1 lift up y\r voice & prote/ aga9/ ! oral law4 ,condemn ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees z ! inv5tors ( ! sy/em1 & ! fir/ au?ors ( t moral captivity 9 :i* ! p has be5 held = s _m c5turies4 ,n[ :5 y rememb] ! m]cies ( ! ,"l 9 deliv]+ y f ! h\se ( bondage1 make an ef=t to deliv] y\r bre?r5 f ! m degrad+ *a9s ( error & sup]/ition4 ,at ! same "t we w\ld ask y to consid] ! case ( s _m ( y\r nation1 :o1 :5 ^! *a9s 7 rivett+1 glori\sly ma9ta9$ _! fre$om1 & h left u a collection ( writ+s1 entirely free f e trace ( ?is mi/ak5 +5uity4 ,we mean ! disciples ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,!y1 too1 7 ,jews1 *ildr5 ( ,abraham1 & ( ! /ock ( ,israel4 ,h[ is x !n1 t !y :o 7 condemn$ by ! ,talmudi/s z h]etics1 & propagators ( a false religion1 h left u ! pr9ciples ( a heal?y1 manly1 & rational piety1 :il/ _! judges & accus]s h fall5 headlong into error & ev5 absurdity8 ,if ,jesus & 8 disciples 7 deceiv]s or fanatics1 h[ is x t !y 7 pres]v$ f inculcat+ su* false doctr9es3 & if ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees 7 "r 9 condemn+ & p]secut+ !m--7 actually s]v+ ,god 9 resi/+ false pret5sions1 h[ is x t !y 7 giv5 ov] to su* delusions1 & to su* a sy/em ( trifl+8 ,t !y 7 n infallible1 ! above extracts f ! oral law prove beyond all controv]sy4 ,!y h altoge!r err$ 9 ! fir/ elem5t ( acceptable wor%ip1 simplicity ( int5tion & uprightness ( he>t4 ,!y h conf\nd$ ! =m ) ! reality ( ob$i5ce to ,god's comm&s4 ,& 9 all ^! ?+s :]e !y h err$1 ,jesus & 8 disciples h ass]t$ & ma9ta9$ ! tru?4 ,acc\nt = ?is fact4 ,! ,talmud tells y to light a tap] & se>* = leav5 9 a m\sehole1 & to get rid ( all 9 y\r possession by a fictiti\s contract4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t says1 8,purge out ! old leav51 t ye may be a new lump1 z ye are unleav5$4 ,= ev5 ,*ri/ our ,passov] is sacrific$ = u3 !re=e let u keep ! fea/ n ) old leav51 nei!r ) ! leav5 ( malice & wick$ness2 b ) ! unleav5$ bread ( s9c]ity & tru?40 7#a ,cor4 v4 #g1 #h47 ,no4 ,,xii4 ,,! ,,passov] ,a ,,type ,,( ,,future ,,deliv]ance4 ,?is ye>1 ! ,jewi% & ! ,*ri/ian times = celebrat+ ! ,fea/ ( ! ,passov] ne>ly co9cide2 & ! co9cid5ce ought to rem9d u bo? ( t happy p]iod1 :5 all ! *ildr5 ( man1 s long divid$1 %all aga9 be unit$ into "o great1 holy1 & happy family2 all rejoic+ 9 ! m]cy & fav\r ( _! ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 & all lov+ ea* o!r 9 s9c]ity & tru?4 ,to t p]iod we look =w>d1 & ev5 n[ we use our humble endeav\rs to accel]ate its approa*4 ,yea1 "o ( ! reasons1 :y we endeav\r to lead ,israel to a rejection ( ! oral law1 is because we firmly believe t x is "o ( ! ma9 h9drances 9 ! way ( _! happ9ess & t ( ! nations ( ! _w4 ,we h no wi% to rob y ( any "o bless+ promis$ 9 ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,we w\ld n deprive y ( "o hope f\nd$ ^u ,god's promises4 ,on ! contr>y1 we rejoice to ?9k t not)/&+ all ! va9 traditions ( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 x has pleas$ ,god to keep alive 9 y\r he>ts ! memory ( 8 pa/ m]cy1 & ! hope ( 8 future goodness4 ,to ! consid]ation ( ^! two po9ts1 ! law ( ,moses & y\r appo9t$ pray]s lead y at ?is season1 & ?r\gh ! m]cy ( ,god1 & ! love ( "s ( y\r bre?r51 we ( ! ,g5tiles h be5 br\ght to rejoice 9 simil> consid]ations4 ,let u !n endeav\r to anticipate ! future1 & rejoice toge!r ev5 n[1 omitt+ on ?is solemn occasion a special discussion ( ! oral law4 ,if ,god's m]cy 7 all pa/1 & only a matt] ( hi/ory1 we might & ought to feel grateful = ! b5efits be/[$ ^u our fa!rs3 our joy w\ld1 h[ev]1 suff] a consid]able dim9ution4 ,b ?is is n ! case4 ,9 ! mid/ ( y\r grateful ackn[l$gm5t = ! wond]s 9 ,egypt1 y c m+le a pray] = ! future1 & say1 8,next ye> 9 ,j]usalem40 1 8,o ,"l our ,god1 h m]cy1 we besee* !e1 ^u ,israel ?y p1 & ^u ,j]usalem ?y city1 & ^u ?9e alt>1 & ^u ?y temple2 & build ,j]usalem1 ! holy city1 spe$ily1 9 our days1 & br+ u up into ! mid/ ( x1 & make u glad !re940 7,haggadah ,%el ,pesa*47 ,& to ?is pray] we c say1 8,am50 ) all our he>ts4 ,! future re/oration & bless$ness ( ,israel is "o ( our fonde/ expectations2 & :il/ we contemplate ! circum/ances & ! glory ( ! fir/ ,exodus1 ! ,^w ( ! liv+ ,god leads u to look =w>d to t :i* is to come4 8,accord+ to ! days ( ?y com+ out ( ! l& ( ,egypt w ,i %[ unto him m>vell\s ?+s10 is ! promise by ! m\? ( ,micah ! prophet 7c4 vii4 #aj74 1 8,& ! ,"l %all utt]ly de/roy ! tongue ( ! ,egyptian sea1 & ) 8 mighty w9d %all he %ake 8 h& ov] ! riv]1 & %all smite x 9 ! sev5 /reams1 & %all make m5 g ov] dry %od4 ,& !re %all be a highway = ! remnant ( 8 p1 :i* %all be left f ,assyria2 l z x 0 to ,israel 9 ! day t he came up out ( ! l& ( ,egypt10 is ! decl>ation ( ! ,prophet ,isaiah 7xi4 #ae1 #af74 ,see+ t nei!r ( ^! decl>ations 0 fulfill$ at ! return f ,babylon1 nor at any p]iod s9ce1 we firmly believe t !y %all be fulfill$ 9 ! "t to come1 & t !re=e ! compil]s ( ! ,haggadah 7 fully w>rant$ 9 int]m+l+1 ) _! ,passov] ?anksgiv+s1 a pray] = ! fulfilm5t ( ! promis$ m]cies2 & we d n scruple to say t 9 ?is respect1 ! ,jewi% ,rabbies h be5 "r1 :il/ _m ,*ri/ian int]pret]s h be5 wrong2 ?\gh !y might h kn[n & giv5 a true explanation ( all simil> passages1 if !y _h only foll[$ ! pla9 words ( _! ma/]1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 8,?9k n t ,i am come to de/roy ! law or ! prophets40 7,matt4 v4 #ag47 ,we make ?is rem>k to %[ t we d n condemn ! ,rabbies inconsid]ately2 b t we are will+ to d !m all ju/ice1 :]e _! op9ions agree ) ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,_! expectation ( ! future re/oration ( ,israel is well f\nd$1 & _! fai? 9 ! promises relat+ to x wor?y ( all imitation4 ,oh1 t ! :ole nation _h m ( x--t _! he>ts 7 m direct$ to ! l& ( _! =efa!rs--t _! ?\ghts 7 m full ( ! ,div9e promises4 ,!n !y w\ld cry m e>ne/ly to ,god1 & ,he w\ld 8he> _! groan+1 & rememb] 8 cov5ant ) ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob10 z he did at ! deliv]ance f ,egypt4 ,! c>eless & ! ungodly deceive !mselves ) ! idea1 t :5 ,god's "t comes1 ! deliv]ance w take place )\t any endeav\r ( !irs4 ,let !m read ! law ( ,moses1 & !y w f9d t ?\gh ,god _h promis$ to br+ _! fa!rs out ( ,egypt1 ! deliv]ance itself 0 prec$$ by a "t ( pray] & cry+ unto ,god4 ,to ,abraham he _h said1 444 8,"k ( a surety t ?y se$ %all be a /rang] 9 a l& t is n !irs1 & %all s]ve !m2 & !y %all afflict !m f\r hundr$ ye>s4444 ,b 9 ! f\r? g5]ation !y %all come hi!r aga910 c4 7,g54 xv4 #ac1 #af47 ,b ?is promise 0 no w>rant = _! rema9+ c>eless1 & at ease2 x 0 on ! contr>y a basis = e>ne/ pray] & supplication1 & a plea = m]cy4 ,&1 !re=e1 :5 ! "t drew ne>1 we read1 8,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel sigh$ by reason ( ! bondage1 & !y cri$1 & _! cry came up unto ,god1 by reason ( ! bondage40 ,& ,god himself gives ?is z "o reason :y he came to deliv] !m4 8,n[1 !re=e1 behold ! cry ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel is come unto me40 7,exod4 iii4 #i47 ,"h1 !n1 all ,israelites1 :o desire ! fulfilm5t ( ,god's promises %\ld le>n t /ate ( m9d1 :i* is a pre-requisite to ! int]position ( _! great deliv]]4 ,israel c no m be deliv]$ n[ ?an ( old1 unless !y e>ne/ly desire deliv]ance4 ,to :at purpose %\ld ,he deliv] & re/ore ^?1 :o c>e no?+ ab\t ! l& ( _! =efa!rs1 nor ab\t ! glory ( ! nation--:o say1 ,we are v com=table & happy "h1 & all we desire is to be l ! o!r nations 7 7--:at good w\ld x d to u to return to ! l& ( ,israel8 ,god's promises are n to su* grovell+ & unbeliev+ spirits4 ,along ) 8 promise ( m]cy1 he gives a comm& = cont9ual supplication1 1 8,ye t make m5tion ( ! ,"l1 keep n sil5ce1 & give him no re/1 till he e/abli%1 & till he make ,j]usalem a praise 9 ! e>?40 7,isaiah lxii4 #f1 #g47 ,& 9 ,ezekiel1 aft] ! decl>ation1 8,?is l& t 0 desolate is become l ! g>d5 ( ,ed52 & ! wa/e1 & desolate & ru9$ cities1 are become f5c$1 & are inhabit$10 c41 he adds-- 8,?us sai? ! ,"l ,god1 ,i w yet = ?is be inquir$ ( by ! h\se ( ,israel1 to d x = !m40 7,ezek4 xxxvi4 #cg47 ,^u :i* ,ra%i rem>ks-- 8,i w be made fav\rable to !m ?r\gh _! pray]1 :5 !y seek me ) reg>d to ?is40 ,h5ce pray] is comm&$2 9 ,hosea we are told1 t )\t pray] deliv]ance is impossible4 8,i w g & return to my place1 till !y ackn[l$ge _! (f5ce1 & seek my face40 7,hosea v4 #ae47 ,let ! *ildr5 ( ,israel return !n1 & seek ! ,"l _! ,god1 & ,david _! ,k+1 !n !y %all fe> ! ,"l & ,8 goodness 9 ! latt] days4 7,hosea iii4 #e47 ,9 ! consid]ation ( ! deliv]ance f ,egypt !re is1 h[ev]1 "o circum/ance :i* %\ld tea* ! ,israelites to rejoice ) trembl+1 & t is1 t ! majority ( ^?1 :o w5t =? f ,egypt1 nev] ent]$ ! l& ( ,israel1 b di$ 9 ! wild]ness on acc\nt ( _! s9 & unbelief4 ,t :i* has happ5$1 may happ5 aga94 ,israel might be deliv]$ aga9 f ! l&s ( _! disp]sion1 & be l$ =? ) a mighty h&1 & out/ret*$ arm1 & ) great signs & wond]s1 & yet aft] all die 9 _! s9s4 ,inde$1 x is n m]ely a legitimate d$uction f ! pa/1 b an express prophecy ( ! future4 8,z ,i live1 sai? ! ,"l ,god1 surely1 ) a mighty h&1 & ) a /ret*$ out arm1 & ) fury p\r$ out1 w ,i rule ov] y2 & ,i w br+ y out f ! p1 & w ga!r y out ( ! c\ntries :]e9 ye are scatt]$1 & ) a mighty h&1 & ) a /ret*$ out arm1 & ) fury p\r$ out4 ,& ,i w br+ y into ! wild]ness ( ! p1 & !re w ,i plead ) y face to face4 ,l z ,i plead$ ) y\r fa!rs 9 ! wild]ness ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 s w ,i plead ) y1 sai? ! ,"l ,god4 ,& ,i w cause y to pass "u ! rod1 & ,i w br+ y into ! bond ( ! cov5ant40 8,& ,i w purge out f among y ! rebels1 & !m t transgress aga9/ me2 ,i w br+ !m =? f ! c\ntry :]e !y soj\rn1 & !y %all n ent] into ! l& ( ,israel40 7,ezek4 xx4 #cc-ch47 ,"h !n we see1 :e!r we consid] ! pa/ or ! future1 t a m]e temporal deliv]ance is n suffici5t--t ,god's greate/ temporal bless+s1 & ev5 8 mighty signs & wond]s1 may lead u 9 ! m dreadful & fatal captivity ( s94 ,surely if a miracul\s deliv]ance c\ld deliv] ! s\l1 ^? t saw ! miracles 9 ,egypt1 & exp]i5c$ ! ,"l's m]cy 9 _! pres]vation f ! de/roy+ angel1 & 9 ! passage ?r\gh ! ,r$ ,sea1 ought to h be5 p]fect 9 hol9ess4 ,yet we f9d1 aft] all t !y saw & he>d1 t !y 7 a disob$i5t & fai?less g5]ation1 & t !y p]i%$ 9 ! wild]ness4 ,! hi/ory1 !n1 ( ?is great deliv]ance rem9ds u 9 ! mo/ =cible mann] ( ! bondage ( s91 & ! necessity ( a m noble & graci\s emancipation4 ,israel 0 9 bondage 9 ,egypt1 & ! ,"l _h compassion & deliv]$ !m4 ,all mank9d1 ,jews & ,g5tiles1 are born slaves to s91 & dreadful is ! mis]y :i* !y h suff]$1 & hopeless ! prospect = ! future1 unless ,god h provid$ a way ( escape4 ,n[ is x likely t t ,god :o _h compassion on ! ,israelites 9 _! temporal affliction1 %\ld look1 unmov$ & unpity+1 ^u ! temporal & spiritual wret*$ness ( ! :ole human race8 ,is x conceivable t ^? graci\s e>s1 :i* he>d ! cries ( ,israel 9 ,egypt1 %\ld be deaf to ! groans & lam5tations ( all ! sons ( m58 ,is x consi/5t ) ! ,bible-"* ( ,god to provide a rem$y = temporal sorr[1 & yet furni% no means ( deliv]ance f ev]la/+ woe8 ,is x l our ,heav5ly ,fa!r to /ret* out 8 h& to save a few ( 8 *ildr5 f ,egypt1 & yet leave ! great majority to p]i% 9 ignorance & s98 ,bless$ be ,god1 :o1 9 8 great m]cy1 s5t ,jews to our =efa!rs to tell u ( ! blood ( ano!r & great] passov]1 :i* c pres]ve ,g5tiles z well z ,jews f ! wra? to come4 8,messiah1 our passov]1 is sacrific$ = u20 & !re=e we too keep ! fea/1 & jo9 9 ! hymn ( ?anksgiv+1 8,bless$ be ! ,"l ,god ( ,israel1 = ,he ha? visit$ & r$eem$ 8 p40 ,y rememb] ! pas*al lamb ( ,egypt4 ,we c say-- 8,behold ! ,lamb ( ,god1 t take? away ! s9 ( ! _w40 ,y rememb] ! spr9kl+ ( blood t deliv]$ y\r fa!rs f temporal dea?4 ,we rejoice because1 8,! blood ( ,jesus1 ! ,messiah1 cleanse? u f all s940 ,y rememb] h[1 f\r days be=e ! ,passov]1 x 0 necess>y to select a lamb )\t spot & )\t blemi%4 ,we ?9k ( ! true ,pas*al ,lamb1 ! ,messiah1 h[1 f\r days be=e ! great sacrifice1 he came up to ,j]usalem1 & 0 exam9$ be=e ! tribunals1 & decl>$ to be )\t s94 ,pilate's te/imony 01 8,ye h br\ght ?is man unto me1 z "o t p]v]te? ! p2 &1 behold1 ,i1 hav+ exam9$ him be=e y1 h f\nd no fault 9 ?is man t\*+ ^? ?+s :]e( ye accuse him3 no1 nor yet ,h]od3 = ,i s5t y to him2 & lo1 no?+ wor?y ( dea? is done unto him40 7,luke xxiii4 #ad1 #ae47 ,y rememb] h[ ! de/roy+ angel pass$ ov] ! h\ses :]e ! blood 0 spr9kl$3 we look =w>d to t m dreadful "t1 :5 he %all come z ! ,psalmi/ describes3-- 1 4 8,our ,god %all come1 & %all n keep sil5ce3 a fire %all dev\r be=e him1 & x %all be v tempe/u\s r\nd ab\t him4 ,he %all call to ! heav5s f above1 & to ! e>?1 t he may judge 8 p4 ,ga!r my sa9ts toge!r unto me3 ^? t h made a cov5ant ) me by sacrifice40 7,ps4 l4 #c-e47 ,& we hope to be f\nd among/ t numb]1 & t ! blood ( ! true ,sacrifice w !n deliv] u4 ,x is evid5t t ! ,psalmi/ "h is n speak+ ( ! sacrifices ( ! temple1 = imm$iately aft] we read-- 4 4 8,he>1 ,o my p1 & ,i w speak2 ,o ,israel1 & ,i w te/ify aga9/ !e3 ,i am ,god1 ev5 ?y ,god4 ,i w n reprove !e = ?y sacrifices or ?y burnt (f]+s1 to h be5 cont9ually be=e me4 ,i w take no bullock out ( ?y h\se1 nor he goats out ( ?y folds40 ,"h ,god pla9ly excepts ! (f]+s ( bulls & goats1 & !reby ov]?r[s ! exposition ( ,ra%i & o!rs1 :o say t ! cov5ant & sacrifices "h allud$ to are ! same z ^? describ$ at ! giv+ ( ! law1 :5 ,moses said1 8,behold ! blood ( ! cov5ant10 c4 7,exod4 xxiv4 #h47 ,! sacrifices !n (f]$ 7 8burnt-(f]+s & peace-(f]+s ( ox510 :i* ,god "h decl>es t he w n accept4 ,besides1 ,god is n speak+ ( _m sacrifices1 b ( "o sacrifice 4 ,he is moreov] speak+ ( "o great sacrifice1 by virtue ( :i* s9ful m5 may /& be=e him z sa9ts at ! great day ( judgm5t1 & obta9 m]cy4 ,?is c]ta9ty _c mean ! sacrifices ( ! ,mosaic cov5ant at ,s9ai1 = by reason ( t sacrifice1 !y w appe> z guilty s9n]s :o h brok5 ,god's cov5ant1 z he himself says-- 8,:i* my cov5ant !y brake40 7,j]4 xxxi4 #cb47 ,at t solemn h\r ! ,mosaic cov5ant w only condemn1 & !re=e _c be meant "h4 ,inde$ ! rabbies appe> to h felt ! unt5abl5ess ( ?is exposition1 & !re=e inv5t$ ano!r figurative "o-- 8,!re is also an allegorical int]pretation ref]r+ x to ! cov5ant ( circumcision1 :i* ,israel has fai?fully adh]$ to 9 ! captivity40 7,kim*i1 9 loc47 ,b ?is exposition is z unf\nd$ z ! =m]4 ,circumcision is nev] call$ a sacrifice 9 ,scripture4 ,nei!r w x s]ve a man 9 ! day ( judgm5t4 ,:at !n is ! sacrifice :i* is "h int5d$8 ,we answ]1 ! true ,passov]1 ! blood ( ! ,messiah1 :]eby ! new cov5ant is ratifi$4 ,"s object t ! %$d+ ( blood is altoge!r unnecess>y--t if ,god w =give at all1 he c =give )\t atonem5t or sacrifice4 ,b ?is objection w equally affect ! sacrifice ( ! fir/ ,passov]4 ,on ! v same gr\nds1 we may say1 ,:at necessity 0 !re = kill+ a lamb1 & spr9kl+ its blood ^u ! door-po/s8 ,! directions giv5 by ,moses are v /rik+--8,kill ! passov]4 ,& ye %all take a bun* ( hyssop1 & dip x 9 ! blood t is 9 ! bason1 & /rike ! l9tel & ! two side po/s ) ! blood t is 9 ! bason2 & none ( y %all g out at ! door ( 8 h\se until ! morn+4 ,= ! ,"l w pass ?r\gh to smite ! ,egyptians2 & :5 he see? ! blood ^u ! l9tel1 & on ! two side po/s1 ! ,"l w pass ov] ! door1 & w n suff] ! de/roy] to come 9 unto y\r h\ses to smite y40 7,exod4 xii4 #ba-bc47 ,surely ! blood 0 n necess>y to make kn[n to him :i* h\se belong$ to an ,israelite4 ,he c\ld h sav$ !m z well )\t ! blood z ) x4 ,:y !n de/roy ! life ( a lamb1 & give !m all ?is tr\ble8 ,suppose t an ,israelite _h ?us argu$ at t "t1 _h refus$ to kill ! passov]1 or hav+ kill$ x1 _h neglect$ to spr9kle ! blood1 or hav+ done bo?1 0 n cont5t to abide 9 8 h\se1 b _h gone =? be=e ! morn+1 :at w\ld h be5 ! consequ5ce8 ,c]ta9 puni%m5t4 ,god 0 inde$ det]m9$ to save ,israel1 b only 9 a c]ta9 way3 & he t did n *oose to submit to ,god's me?od1 w\ld naturally lose ! b5efit ( 8 appo9tm5t4 ,our bus9ess is n to argue ) ,god1 b hav+ asc]ta9$ ,8 w1 to submit to x4 ,inquire1 !n1 :at ,god means by 88 sa9ts :o h made a cov5ant ) ,him by sacrifice20 & endeav\r to ent] into t cov5ant1 t :5 ,he appe>s to judgm5t1 ye may be ga!r$ unto ,him4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian view be n ! true "o1 !n s9ce ! de/ruction ( ! temple !re has be5 no sacrifice1 & no way ( ent]+ into t cov5ant ) ,him4 ,y obs]ve ! season--y ab/a9 f leav5--b !re is no sacrifice4 ,! ma91 yea ! ess5tial1 elem5t ( ! ,passov] is want+4 ,! lamb _c be sla94 ,& ev5 if x c\ld be1 if y _h aga9 a temple & a high-prie/1 & all ! s]vice ( a sanctu>y1 /ill ! sacrifice ( ! ,passov] w\ld only be a memorial ( m]cies long s9ce gone by4 ,x w\ld be no real atonem5t = y\r s9s1 & :5 y _h sla9 x1 & eat5 ( x1 ! "q w\ld /ill rema91 ,h[ am ,i1 a s9n]1 to appe> 9 ! pres5ce ( ! righte\s ,judge8 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is pap] w h %[n y1 t we are firm believ]s 9 ! future glory & bless$ness ( ,israel2 t we d n1 !re=e1 9 (f]+ y our hope = et]nity1 wi% to deprive y ( y\r own hopes = "t4 ,no1 we wi% y e bless+ :i* ,god has promis$ by ! m\? ( ,moses & ! prophets1 & c affectionately jo9 9 ! words-- ,if x %\ld please ,god to sp>e u all to see ! re-union ( all ! families ( ! e>?1 we %\ld rejoice to unite ) o!rs 9 ackn[l$g+ 8t ye are ! se$ :om ! ,"l has bless$40 ,b we %\ld rejoice a ?\s&fold m to meet y 9 ! heav5ly ,j]usalem1 & to m+le our voices ) y\rs 9 s++1 8,wor?y is ! ,lamb t 0 sla9 to receive p[]1 & ri*es1 & wisdom1 & /r5g?1 & hon\r1 & glory1 & bless+40 ,am54 ,no4 ,,xiii4 ,,sev]ity ,,( ,,! ,,rabb9ic ,,ord9ances4 ,! fea/ ( ! ,passov]1 orda9$ z a memorial ( pa/ m]cies1 has at ! same "t s]v$ to rem9d u ( ano!r deliv]ance necess>y bo? = ,jew & ,g5tile1 & also ( a happy "t :5 8!re %all be "o fold & "o %eph]d0--8,"o ,,"l & ,8 "n ,"o40 ,b ! bless$ anticipations ( ! future _c1 & ought n1 )draw our ?\ghts f ! reality ( ! pres5t4 ,t happy "t is n yet come4 ,jews & ,*ri/ians are n yet agre$ z to ! articles ( fai?2 & ?is fea/ ( ! ,passov] especially directs our att5tion to ! cause & orig9 ( ! diff]5ce4 ,at ?is solemn season ( ! ye>1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 condemn$ by ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 & by !m deliv]$ to ! ,roman p[] to be execut$ z a malefactor4 ,"o portion ( ! ,jewi% nation1 & t ! majority1 concurr$ 9 ! judgm5t ( ! rul]s4 ,ano!r portion1 at fir/ small1 b ultimately consid]able 9 numb] & /ation1 arraign$ ! ju/ice ( ! s5t5ce1 & pr(ess$ _! fai? 9 ,8 ,messiah%ip4 ,! "q betwe5 ,jews & ,*ri/ians at pres5t is1 :i* ( ^! two portions ( ! ,jewi% nation 0 9 ! "r4 ,9 ^! pap]s we h tak5 up ?is simple position1 t ! religi\s sy/em ( ^? :o reject$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e? is contr>y to ! law & ! prophets1 & is !re=e false2 :il/ ! doctr9es ( ,him1 t 0 reject$1 are 9 con=mity ) ^? writ+s1 & mu/ !re=e be true4 ,:5 we say t ! rabb9ical sy/em is false1 we d n mean t ! ,ph>isees held no tru?4 ,on ! contr>y1 we %[$ 9 our la/ numb] t "s ( _! expectations 7 agreeable to ! ,^w ( ,god1 & !re=e true4 ,all we int5d is1 t ! peculi>ities ( ,rabb9ism ( :i* ! sy/em is compos$ are errone\s4 ,! laws relat+ to ! pres5t fe/ival furni% u ) abundant pro( ( our ass]tion4 ,! ,div9e comm&s relat+ to x exhibit ! c>e1 consid]ation1 & condesc5sion ( ,god 9 provid+ an opportunity ( in/ruction1 a "t ( relaxation1 & a season ( joy = ! poor z well z ! ri*4 ,! rabb9ical laws1 on ! o!r h&1 are burd5some1 oppressive1 & hurtful1 especially to ! poor & unle>n$4 ,we take our fir/ pro( f "o ( ! laws relat+ to ! 8! f\r cups0--,god has giv5 a simple comm& to ,israel to make kn[n to _! *ildr5 ! reasons = ! fea/4 8,& ?\ %alt decl>e unto ?y son 9 t day1 say+1 ,?is is done because ( t :i* ! ,"l did unto me1 :5 ,i came =? out ( ,egypt40 7,exod4 xiii4 #h47 ,9 ord] to fulfil ?is comm&1 a sort ( liturgy has be5 compos$1 mu* ( :i* is solemn & beautiful3 & a c]emonial appo9t$1 ( :i* "o ord9ance is1 t !re %\ld be f\r cups or glasses ( w9e4 8,all p]sons1 :e!r m5 or wom51 are obligat$ on ?is night to dr9k f\r cups 7or glasses7 ( w9e1 & ?is numb] is n to be dim9i%$40 7,hil*o? ,*ometz1 c4 vii47 ,z to ! c]emony ( ! f\r cups1 ! circum/ances connect$ ) !m evid5tly %[ t !y are n = ! purpose ( revelry1 b "p ( a solemn religi\s obs]vance4 4 4 4 4 8,ov] ea* ( ^! f\r cups a b5$iction is to be pron\nc$4 ,ov] ! fir/ cup is said ! consecration ( ! day4 ,ov] ! second cup ! ,haggadah is read4 ,ov] ! ?ird cup ! b5$iction = food is pron\nc$4 ,& ov] ! f\r? ! ,hallel is complet$1 & ! b5$iction = ! song pron\nc$40 7,ibid47 ,) a solemn religi\s ord9ance x is n = u to f9d fault4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ^! & _! o!r pray]s1 we e>ne/ly wi% ! ,jews ! bless+ ( ,god1 & ! _s ( grace & supplication4 ,b :5 we f9d ?is human in/itution impos$ z a burd5 ^u ! consci5ce1 & ! obs]vance ( x exact$ f ^? :o h n ! means ( ga9+ _! daily bread1 we mu/ prote/ aga9/ x z h>% & oppressive4 ,n[ 9 ! oral law ?is requirem5t is made4 1 8,:osoev] has n got w9e transgresses a comm& ( ! ,rabbies1 = !y h said1 t !re is to be no dim9ution f ! f\r cups4 ,& x is necess>y to sell :at he has 9 ord] to keep ! comm& ( ! wise m54 ,he is n to dep5d ^u ! bread1 = if he fulfil ! comm& conc]n+ "o cup1 he has n fulfill$ t respect+ ! ?ree4 ,!re=e let him sell :at he has1 & furni% ! exp5se1 until he procure w9e or rais9s40 7,arbah ,tur4 ,ora* ,*aiim1 #dhc47 ,x may be repli$1 t ! congregation furni%es ^? :o h n ! means4 ,b :at is to become ( ^? :o h displeas$ ! disp5s]s ( ! congregation's b\nty1 or :at is a ,jew to d1 :o is liv+ alone 9 ! mid/ ( ,g5tiles1 z is frequ5tly ! case1 p>ticul>ly 9 ?is c\ntry8 ,if he be a consci5ti\s ,rabb9i/ he mu/ ei!r grieve 8 consci5ce by transgression1 or sell :at he may n be well able to sp>e4 ,! same may also be said ( ! unleav5$ cakes4 ,! ,rabbies h giv5 s _m directions ab\t ! lawful mode ( prep>+ !m1 z to make x almo/ impossible = a ,jew1 liv+ at a di/ance f a congregation1 to keep ! comm&1 & to keep ! poor 9 a /ate ( p]petual bondage to ! synagogue1 if !y wi% to be suppli$ by ! b\nty ( ! congregation4 ,b if ?is utt] want ( consid]ation = ! poor is m /rik+ly display$ 9 ! in/itution & exaction ( a second holy day1 :]e ,god has requir$ ! obs]vance ( only "o1 z ! ,rabbies !mselves ackn[l$ge 9 ! foll[+ passage3-- 4 8,^! are ! six days on :i* ! ,scripture has =bidd5 ! do+ ( "w4 ,! fir/ & sev5? day ( ,passov]3 ! fir/ & eigh? day ( ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles3 ! day ( ! ,fea/ ( ,weeks1 & ! fir/ day ( ! sev5? mon?2 & ^! days are call$ holy days4 ,! sabbatism ( all is alike2 x is unlawful on !m to d any mann] ( "w1 except+ t :i* is necess>y = ! prep>ation ( food1 z x is said1 #8,save t :i* e man mu/ eat4' 7,exod4 xii4 #af470 7,hil*o? ,jom4 ,tov41 c4 i4 #a47 ,"h is an express recognition ( :at ,god has comm&$4 ,& yet ! ,scribes 7 n cont5t ) ?is ord9ance ( ,god1 b h appo9t$ ! obs]vance ( a second day on all ^! occasions1 & h annex$ ! s5t5ce ( excommunication to any transgression ( _! comm&4 1 1 8,to u1 :o obs]ve two days1 e ?+ t is =bidd5 on ! fir/ day1 is also =bidd5 on ! second day2 & :osoev] makes light ( x1 is to be excommunicat$4 ,b if he be an acute ,talmudi/ ! excommunication is n to be sev]e1 only he is to be beat540 7,ora* ,*aiim1 #dif47 ,9 ! ,yad ,ha*asakah we f9d ! same sev]ity1 & ! same exception4 4 8,al?\gh ! second holy day is only ( ! words ( ! ,scribes1 e ?+ t is =bidd5 on ! fir/ day1 is =bidd5 on x also4 ,& e "o :o pr(esses ! second holy day1 ev5 t ( ! new ye>1 :e!r x be 9 a matt] relat+ to ! sabbatism1 or by "w1 or by go+ beyond ! ,sabba? limit1 is to receive ! beat+ d5\nc$ aga9/ rebellion1 or to be excommunicat$1 unless he be a le>n$ man40 7,hil*o? ,jom4 ,tov41 c4 i4 #bd47 ,! h>d%ip1 oppression1 & sev]ity ( ?is ord9ance are app>5t at fir/ sight1 & are sev]ely felt by _m a poor ,jew 9 ?is city1 :o h>dly kn[s h[ to get bread = himself & 8 *ildr54 ,9 e case x robs him 9 "o week ( two days1 on :i* ,god has all[$ him to "w1 & to endeav\r to ga9 a livelihood4 ,b if ! fir/ day ( a fe/ival happ5 on a ,?ursday1 !n t day1 ,friday1 & ,saturday1 he d>e n d any?+ to e>n ! means ( subsi/5ce = 8 family4 ,sunday is ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba?1 s t 9 "o week f\r successive days are lo/1 & 9 ! foll[+ week f\r m4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! poor man to d8 ,if he does n "w1 8 *ildr5 may />ve2 if he makes use ( ! "t all[$ him by 8 m]ciful ,god1 & pursues 8 daily occupations1 he transgresses a comm& ( unm]ciful m51 & r5d]s himself obnoxi\s to 8 m bigot$ bre?r54 ,true t !y _c n[ beat him ) ! /ripes aw>d$ to ! rebelli\s1 & t !y w\ld h>dly d>e1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 to excommunicate him2 yet !re are o!r ways & means ( p]secution m secret1 b equally sure4 ,b :atev] be ! pres5t circum/ances1 ! cruel & oppressive _s ( ! oral law rema9s ! same4 ,if ! ,rabb9i/s _h ! p[]1 !y w\ld soon proce$ to excommunicate & flog all ! pr(an]s ( ! second holy day4 ,we appeal1 !n1 to ! common s5se ( e ,jew1 & ask him1 ,:at "r h m5 to rob ! poor ( t "t :i* ,god ha? giv5 !m8 or to s5t5ce a man :o only goes to get bread = 8 *ildr51 & 9 s do+ transgresses none ( ,god's comm&m5ts1 to excommunication or flogg+1 especially to t sev]e species ( flogg+ "h specifi$8 ,! flogg+ "h spok5 ( is call$ 1 8! flogg+ ( rebellion10 & is altoge!r diff]5t f t m]ciful puni%m5t prescrib$ 9 ! law4 ,god says1 8,& x %all be1 if ! wick$ man be wor?y to be beat51 t ! judge %all cause him to lie d[n1 & to be beat5 be=e 8 face1 accord+ to 8 fault by a c]ta9 numb]4 ,=ty /ripes he may give him1 & n exce$2 le/1 if he %\ld exce$1 & beat him above ^! ) _m /ripes1 !n ?y bro!r %\ld seem vile to !e40 7,deut4 xxv4 #b1 #c47 ,"h1 z ev]y:]e else1 9 ! mid/ ( judgm5t1 ,god rememb]s m]cy4 ,! ,rabbies1 nev] satisfi$ unless !y c add to1 or dim9i% f1 ,god's comm&m5ts1 h r$uc$ ! numb] to ?irty-n9e1 le/ !y %\ld make any mi/ake4 ,b to comp5sate = ?is dim9ution1 !y h inv5t$ 8! flogg+ ( rebellion10 :i* is )\t numb] & )\t m]cy1 z may be se5 f ! foll[+ explanation ( ! ,baal ,aru*3-- 8,:osoev] transgresses an affirmative comm&m5t1 = in/ance1 he 0 comm&$ to make a tab]nacle1 or a lulav1 & did n1 he is to be beat5 until 8 s\l g out1 )\t any consid]ation ( 8 /r5g?1 & )\t divid+ ! flogg+ into ?ree4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 :osoev] transgresses ! words ( ! wise m51 he is to be beat5 )\t numb]1 & )\t consid]ation4 ,:y is ?is call$ ! flogg+ ( rebellion8 ,because he has rebell$ aga9/ ! words ( ! law & aga9/ ! words ( ! ,scribes40 7,baal ,aru*1 9 voc47 ,?is1 !n1 is ! puni%m5t d5\nc$ aga9/ ^? :o try to get bread = _! *ildr5 on ! second holy day2 a puni%m5t inv5t$ by ! ,rabbies !mselves1 n aga9/ ! immoral or ! irreligi\s1 b aga9/ ! transgressors ( _! own comm&m5ts4 ,:at c\ld h be5 ! _s1 ! temp]1 ! religi\s feel+ ( su* m58 ,_h !y any p]ception ( ! m]ciful "* ( ! law1 or any resemblance to ! compassionate nature ( ! ,god ( ,israel8 ,c y put any confid5ce 9 ! religi\s in/ruction ( ^? :o w\ld excommunicate or flog a fell[-creature to dea? because he obey$ ! in/9cts ( nature1 because he c\ld n /ay at home & li/5 to ! cries ( 8 fami%+ *ildr51 b w5t =?1 to procure !m food 9 ! mann]1 & on ! day :i* ,god _h p]mitt$ him to d s8 ,^! are ! m5 :o condemn$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e? to dea?1 & ?is is ! religion ( ! oral law1 :i* y pref] to ! mild & m]ciful doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,if ,rabb9ism _h cont9u$ 9 its p[]1 y w\ld h be5 expos$ to all ! sev]ity ( ?is intol]ance4 ,! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity has1 9 ?is respect1 also be5 a bless+ to ! ,jewi% nation1 & ! p[] ( ! foll[]s ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? protects y f excommunication & corporal *a/isem5t4 ,! cruelty & h>d%ip ( ! imposition ( a second holy day1 ) su* a puni%m5t annex$ appe>s n only f ! circum/ance ( its be+ altoge!r a human in/itution1 b fur!r1 t ! orig9al object ( its in/itution has long s9ce ceas$4 ,! ,scribes appo9t$ ! obs]vance ( two days at a "t1 :5 ! fea/-days 7 fix$ by ! appe>ance ( ! moon1 le/ ^? at a di/ance f ,j]usalem %\ld keep a wrong day1 b n[ t !y are fix$ by calculation1 ?is is altoge!r unnecess>y4 8,9 ! pres5t "t1 :5 !re is no ,sanh$r91 nor h\se ( judgm5t 9 ! l& ( ,israel1 ! fea/s are fix$ by calculation1 & !re=e all places1 ev5 ^? t are remote f ! l& ( ,israel1 ought prop]ly to obs]ve only "o day z a holy day1 z well z ! inhabitants ( t c\ntry1 = all dep5d on & fix ! fea/ by "o & ! same calculation2 b x is an ord9ance ( ! wise m5 to adh]e dilig5tly to ! cu/om ( _! =efa!rs40 7,hil*o? ,kiddu% ,ha*ode%1 c4 v4 #e47 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no excuse = ?is burd5 impos$ ^u ! poor1 & mu* less = ! cruel puni%m5ts1 d5\nc$ aga9/ ^? :o cease to obs]ve :at is confess$ly an useless cu/om4 ,h[ diff]5t is ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/ianity ) respect to su* days4 ,no excommunication1 no flogg+1 no impos+ ( burd5s ^u ! consci5ces ( our bre?r54 ,! ,new ,te/am5t condemns ev5 all ra% judgm5t 9 su* matt]s4 ,x says1 8,:o art ?\1 t judge? ano!r man's s]vant8 ,to 8 own ma/] he /&e? or falle?4 ,yea he %all be hold5 up1 = ,god is able to make him /&4 ,"o man e/eeme? "o day above ano!r2 ano!r e/eeme? e day alike4 ,let e man be fully p]suad$ 9 8 own m9d4 ,he t reg>de? ! day1 reg>de? x to ! ,"l2 & he t reg>de? n ! day1 to ! ,"l he do? n reg>d x4 ,he t eate?1 eate? to ! ,"l1 = he give? ,god ?anks2 & he t eate? n1 to ! ,"l he eate? n1 & give? ,god ?anks4 ,= none ( u live? to himself1 & no man die? to himself4 ,= :e!r we live1 we live onto ! ,"l1 & :e!r we die1 we die unto ! ,"l2 :e!r we live1 !re=e1 or die1 we are ! ,"l's40 7,rom4 xiv4 #b-h47 ,"h is ! _s ( love & m]cy1 & !re=e ! _s ( ,god4 ,h[ is x1 !n1 t ,jesus & 8 disciples 7 able to ov]come ! prejudices ( _! times1 & to /em ! torr5t ( au?ority & le>n+1 :i* 0 altoge!r 9 fav\r ( ! opposite op9ions8 ,h[ is x1 if !y 7 impo/ors & deceiv]s t !y h left a tol]ant & m]ciful sy/em1 :il/ ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 :o1 accord+ to t supposition1 7 ! true s]vants ( ,god1 h left a religion ( oppression & cruelty8 8,ye %all "k !m by _! fruits4 ,d m5 ga!r grapes ( ?orns1 or figs ( ?i/les8 ,ev5 s e good tree br+e? =? good fruit1 & e evil tree br+e? =? evil fruit4 ,a good tree _c br+ =? evil fruit1 nei!r c a corrupt tree br+ =? good fruit40 7,matt4 vii4 #af-ah47 ,?is is c]ta9ly true 9 nature4 ,n[ ! ,ph>isees h br\ght =? evil fruit1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? & 8 disciples h br\ght =? good fruit4 ,:at is ! conclusion f su* premises8 ,b we h hi!rto spok5 only g5]ally ( ! ,in/itution ( a second holy day1 we h yet to consid] ! details ( ! comm&m5t1 :i* w %[ /ill m cle>ly t 8,! ,scribes & ,ph>isees b9d heavy burd5s1 & griev\s to be borne1 & lay !m on o!r m5's %\ld]s40 7,matt4 xxiii4 #d47 ,!y are1 z usual1 mo/ exact 9 def9+ :at is & is n "w4 ,!y say1 4 4 8,e ?+ t is unlawful on ! ,sabba?1 ei!r because x has ! appe>ance ( "w1 or because x leads to "w1 or on acc\nt ( sabbatis+1 is unlawful on a holy day1 unless x be necess>y = ! prep>ation ( food1 & ! l1 or su* ?+s z are all[$ on ! holy day1 z w be expla9$ 9 ^! con/itutions4 ,& e ?+ t x is unlawful to move on ! ,sabba?1 is also unlawful to be mov$ on ! holy day1 unless x be necess>y = food3 & e ?+ t is lawful on ! ,sabba? is lawful on a holy day40 7,hil*o? ,jom4 ,tov41 c4 i4 #ag47 ,?is law effectually ties up ! h&s ( ! poor ,rabb9i/4 ,he n only d>e n pursue 8 trade1 b he d>e n make any dome/ic arrangem5t1 t might promote ord] 9 8 h\se1 or conduce to 8 com=t4 ,he mu/ n write a lett] to 8 fri5ds1 nor ev5 ext+ui% a fire1 ?\gh x be to save 8 prop]ty4 1 1 444 8,al?\gh x has be5 pron\nc$ lawful to k9dle fire on ! holy day1 ev5 :]e n absolutely necess>y1 yet x is unlawful to ext+ui% fire1 ev5 ?\gh x _h be5 k9dl$ = ! prep>ation ( food2 = ! ext+ui%+ ( fire is "w1 & is n at all necess>y = ! dress+ ( food4 ,& z fire is n to be ext+ui%$1 s nei!r is a c&le to be ext+ui%$ & :osoev] ext+ui%es is to be flogg$1 j z he t weaves or builds4444 ,fire is n to be ext+ui%$1 9 ord] to save prop]ty on a holy day1 no m ?an on ! ,sabba?4 ,on ! contr>y1 "o lets x burn & goes away40 7,ibid41 c4 iv4 #b1 #d47 ,9 ! ,arbah ,turim ?is law is laid d[n ) /ill m precision4 4 4 8,x is unlawful to ext+ui% fire on a holy day1 ev5 ?\gh a man %\ld see 8 h\se burn+4 ,x is unlawful to ext+ui% split wood1 ei!r = ! sake ( sav+ x f be+ burn$1 or to keep a pot f be+ smok$1 t is to say1 if he c keep x f be+ smok$ )\t ext+ui%+ ! fire1 z by remov+ x f "o fire to ano!r4 ,b if he has n got ano!r fire1 & if ! pot mu/ be smok$ unless he ext+ui% x1 !n ! ext+ui%+ is lawful1 t ! pot may n be smok$40 7,ora* ,*aiim1 #ead47 ,n[ we put x to ! common s5se ( e ,jew1 :e!r 9 ^! laws !re be ju/ice1 m]cy1 & religion2 or h>d%ip1 inconsid]ation1 & absurdity8 ,no4 ,,xiv4 ,,sev]ity ,,& ,,artifice4 ,! oral law says1 z we saw 9 our la/1 t1 on a holy day1 x is unlawful to ext+ui% a fire 9 ord] to save a man's h\se & prop]ty1 b t x is lawful1 on ! same day1 to d ! v same ?+ to keep a pot ( cook]y f be+ smok$4 ,?is s5t5ce may p]haps appe> wise & pi\s to ^? :o h got m h\ses ?an "o1 or ! means ( procur+ !m2 b ) respect to ! poor man1 :o 9 su* a case loses 8 all1 & mu/ see 8 family left )\t a ro( ov] _! heads or a b$ to lie on1 ?is decision is z cruel z x is s5seless4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a tyranny m dreadful ?an t :i* affects only ! temporal condition ( m54 ,! spiritual despotism1 :i* burd5s & fett]s ! consci5ce & enslaves ! s\l1 is m intol]able /ill4 ,"u temporal losses a man's m9d may be support$ by a s5se ( religion2 b :5 8 religion1 by ! multiplicity & rig\r1 & intricacy ( its requirem5ts1 becomes 8 torm5tor1 man is b]eft ( 8 la/ consolation4 ,! religion ( ! oral law appe>s to u to be ( ?is "*1 & its enactm5ts ) reg>d to ! holy days w s]ve to ju/ify ?is our op9ion4 ,we h se5 already1 t x requires two days' cessation f bus9ess1 :]e ,god requires only "o1 & t ! g5]al rule is1 ,:atsoev] is unlawful on ! ,sabba?1 is unlawful on ! holy day1 ) "o exception4 ,! ,scribes1 h[ev]1 7 n cont5t ) ?is1 !y h contriv$ to inv5t some?+1 :i*1 ?\gh lawful on ! ,sabba?1 is on ^! days unlawful4 ,!y say1 t !re is a c]ta9 class ( ?+s1 :i*1 if n delib]ately de/9$ ! day be=e = ! use ( ! holy day1 are unlawful4 ,to ?is class !y give ! "n ( ,muktzeh1 :i* lit]ally signifies 8sep>at$ or cut (f10 b :i*1 = %ortness' sake & = want ( a bett] ^w 9 ,engli%1 we %all call 8unde/9$40 8,!re is on ! holy day "o ?+ :i* is n f\nd on ! ,sabba?1 & t is1 ! =bidd+ ( ! unde/9$1 = ! unde/9$ is unlawful on ! holy day1 & is lawful on ! ,sabba?4 ,because ! holy day is less sacr$ ?an ! ,sabba?1 !y =bade ! unde/9$ on t day1 le/ p]sons %\ld be l$ to make light ( x40 7,hil*o? ,jom4 ,tov4 c4 i4 #ag47 8,= in/ance1 a h5 t is kept = ! purpose ( hat*+ eggs1 & an ox t is kept = pl\gh+1 pigeons 9 a pigeon h\se1 & fruits t are kept = sale1 all ^! & ! l are unde/9$1 & x is unlawful to eat ( !m on a holy day1 unless a man de/9e !m on ! eve prec$+1 & =m an int5tion to eat !m40 7,ibid47 ,by ?is law a num]\s class ( ?+s is =bidd51 :i* ,god has no :]e =bidd51 & fre% *a9s are =g$ = ! consci5ce4 ,an unle>n$ man c h>dly tell :at does or does n belong to ! class1 & if he be 9 d\bt mu/ fir/ g to ! rabbi1 be=e he c eat or make use ( any ?+ d\btful2 = ?is def9ition ext5ds n only to eatables1 b to o!r ?+s1 z = in/ance1 fuel4 ,suppose1 = example1 t a man or a family _h eat5 nuts or almonds on ! eve ( ! holy day1 is x lawful or unlawful to burn ! %ells on ! holy day itself8 ,! ,^w ( ,god leaves ! ,jew at p]fect lib]ty to d z he pleases1 b ! oral law tells him t he may by do+ ei!r commit a great s94 ,if he _c resolve 8 scruples 9 ?is matt]1 he mu/ be cont5t to g to ! rabbi or "s le>n$ man1 & submit to 8 decision1 & ?us e unle>n$ & dev\t ,jew is br\ght into complete captivity to ! decisions ( ! le>n$4 ,ano!r v simil> law1 & t5d+ to ! same bondage1 is t :i* makes any ?+ t is born or comes into exi/5ce on ! holy day1 unlawful4 4 4 8,& z ! unde/9$ is unlawful on ! holy day1 s also :at is born is unlawful4 ,on a common day a man may de/9e ?+s = ! ,sabba?1 & also = ! holy day4 ,b on a holy day ?+s may n be de/9$ = ! ,sabba?1 nor on ! ,sabba? = ! holy day1 !re=e an egg t is laid on ! holy day aft] ! ,sabba? is unlawful40 7,ibid47 ,n[ n to speak ( ! m9ute trifl+ ( ?is law1 !re are cases :]e x may become v oppressive4 ,suppose t by "s means an unlawful egg %\ld get among/ a numb] ( lawful eggs1 !y w\ld all become unlawful4 8,yea1 ?\gh x %\ld be mix$ up among/ a ?\s&1 !y are all unlawful40 ,x is true t ! rabbies endeav\r to gu>d aga9/ su* on accid5t1 by =bidd+ ! removal ( su* an egg on ! holy day2 b a ,g5tile or a *ild might1 ?r\gh inadv]t5tly putt+ su* an egg among/ o!rs1 produce great inconv5i5ce or ev5 loss1 & to ?is ! poor man mu/ submit1 or burd5 8 consci5ce ) a wilful transgression4 ,b ?is law =bidd+ to eat or move :atsoev] comes into exi/5ce on ! holy day ext5ds beyond ! class ( eatables4 ,wood accid5tally brok5 on ?is day belongs to ?is class1 & x is !re=e unlawful to use x z fuel1 or to move x4 ,9 l mann]1 a%es ( wood t has be5 burnt on ! holy day1 is consid]$ z hav+ come into exi/5ce1 & x is a s9 to move x1 :5 once x has cool$4 ,& aga91 if a fire %\ld g out on ! holy day1 x is a grave "q :e!r ! fuel t rema9s may be k9dl$ aga94 ,?us ! consci5ce is burd5$ ) def9itions ( unlawful1 b ! directions ab\t ?+s lawful are q z num]\s & p]plex+4 ,= in/ance1 x is lawful to make a fire on a holy day1 & to put on ! pot = cook+1 b an unle>n$ man or woman may commit a s9 9 ! mode ( do+ x1 &1 !re=e1 ! ,baal ,turim says1 1 8,:5 "o makes a fire & puts on a pot1 x is necess>y to be v c>eful 9 ! arrang+ ( ! wood1 & ! mode ( sett+ ! pot ^u x1 s t !re %\ld be no resemblance to budd+1 = ,rav ,judah has said1 e pile ( wood begun f ! top to ! bottom is lawful1 f ! bottom to ! top is unlawful40 7,ora* ,*aiim1 #ejb47 ,= ?is reason v m9ute directions are giv5 = ! p]=mance ( ea* ( ^! op]ations4 ,! fire is to be made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- 4 4 8,he t makes a pile ( fire on a holy day1 :5 he is arrang+ ! wood1 is n to lay "o piece ^u ano!r1 s z to make an ord]ly arrangem5t1 = t looks z if he 7 build+2 & al?\gh x be an accid5tal build+ x is unlawful4 ,b ei!r he is to scatt] ! wood 9 confusion1 or to arrange !m ) "s v>iation4 ,h[ s8 ,he is to lay "o piece at ! top1 & ano!r piece "u x1 & ano!r "u t1 until x rea*es ! gr\nd40 7,hil*o? ,jom4 ,tov4 c4 iv4 #ad47 ,9 l mann] ! pot is n to be plac$ ^u /ones1 or :atev] else is to support x1 b is to be held up1 & ! support plac$ "u x2 & s ) o!r ?+s4 ,! great pr9ciple is1 t "s diff]5ce is to be made betwe5 ! "w done on ! holy day & on a common day1 & !re=e 9 ! c>ry+ ( w9e1 or wood1 or o!r ?+s1 !y are n to be c>ri$ 9 a basket1 nor z usual1 b on ! %\ld] or 9 "s extraord9>y way4 ,n[1 z ! speculations ( m5 :o _h n mu* to d1 or :o *ose to devote ! p[]s t ,god _h giv5 !m to su* m9uti1 ^! ?+s h>dly appe> z h>mless2 b :5 impos$ z a burd5 ^u ! consci5ces ( o!rs1 !y are utt]ly unju/ifiable1 & if !y 7 f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 !y w\ld furni% abundant matt] = ,jewi% wit & ridicule4 ,!y w\ld naturally say1 :at1 is ?is ! religion t ! ,messiah came to tea*8 ,_h he no?+ bett] to d ?an to look aft] ! mak+ ( fires1 & ! putt+ on ( pots8 ,b ?is is n ! religion ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 nor ( 8 apo/les4 ,!re is no?+ simil> 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?is is ! religion1 & ^! ! laws ( ^? :o reject him4 ,b ?is sy/em ( m9ute legislation has ano!r & a worse consequ5ce2 x leads to difficulty1 & ! difficulty leads to artifice1 & ?us ! m9d1 in/ead ( be+ improv$ & b5efit$1 is actually corrupt$ by ! practice ( ?is rabb9ical religion4 ,?us ! oral law says1 t x is unlawful on a holy day to cook food = ! foll[+ day1 especially to a common day1 b t if any ( ! food rema9 x is lawful4 ,:at is ! consequ5ce8 ,naturally t m food is prep>$ ?an is necess>y = ! holy day because !y "k t ?is may be eat5 ! day aft]4 ,& ?is is no imag9>y d$uction ( ours1 x is a case prop\nd$ mo/ fully1 & all[$ by ! rabbies4 4 4 4 8,a woman may fill a pot ) meat1 ?\gh %e wants only "o piece4 ,a cook may fill a boil] ) wat]1 ?\gh he wants only ! lea/ quantity4 ,a woman may fill an ov5 ) bread1 ?\gh %e want only "o loaf1 = :5 ! ov5 is full1 ! bread bakes bett]4 ,a man may salt a great _m pieces ( meat at once1 al?\gh he require only "o piece2 & s ) simil> ?+s40 7,hil*o? ,jom4 ,tov4 c4 i4 #aj47 ,n[ ?is is pla9ly an evasion ( :at is consid]$ a ,div9e comm&4 ,9 l mann] ! oral law =bids ! prep>+ ( food = ,g5tiles4 8,x is unlawful to bake or to cook on a holy day1 9 ord] to fe$ ,g5tiles or dogs2 = x is said1 #8,t only may be done = y4' 7,exod xii4 #af47 #8,= y1' & n = ,g5tiles4 #8,= y1' & n = dogs40 7,ibid47 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is decision may lead to sev]al difficulties3 fir/1 a ,jew may h ,g5tiles 9 8 employ & s]vice :om he bo>ds1 :at is he to d !n8 ,?is difficulty he may get ov] 9 ! mann] j m5tion$1 by hav+ m cook$ ?an he wants1 !n x is lawful = ! ,g5tile to eat ( ! surplus4 ,b suppose a ,g5tile & a ,jew _h a bea/ 9 p>tn]%ip1 & ei!r wi%$ to h x slaught]$ on ! holy day1 is x lawful = a ,jew to slaught] x8 ,accord+ to ! above decision1 x w\ld appe> n1 = x is prep>+ food to fe$ a ,g5tile2 b ! rabbies h f\nd out a reason = evad+ ! comm&4 8,a bea/ :i* p>tly belongs to a ,g5tile & p>tly to an ,israelite1 may lawfully be slaught]$ on a holy day1 = x is impossible to eat ! size ( an olive ( ! meat1 if x be n slaught]$ by a ,jew40 7,ibid47 ,?is1 also1 is no?+ m nor less ?an an evasion4 ,b n[ suppose t a ,jew f9ds on a holy day1 & aft] he has eat5 8 meals1 t a bea/ belong+ to him is likely to die1 & t !re=e he is likely to lose x altoge!r1 :at is he to d8 ,! oral law lays x d[n t x is unlawful to slaught] = ! foll[+ day1 & yet if x die )\t slaught]+1 x mu/ be totally unlawful to eat4 ,9 ?is case !re is a sav+ clause :i* removes ! difficulty4 1 8,he t has a bea/ ne> unto dea? mu/ n slaught] x on a holy day1 unless he kn[s t he c eat ( its fle% ! size ( an olive1 roa/$1 :il/ x is /ill day1 t he may n slaught] on a holy day :at is to be eat5 on a common day40 7,ibid47 ,"h ! evasion is palpable4 ,! man has already eat5 8 meals1 he kn[s t x is n = ! holy day1 t x is simply to save himself f loss1 & yet ! oral law obliges him to be guilty ( deceit1 & to eat a m9ute p>ticle ( x1 t ! appe>ance may be kept up4 ,if x 7 int5d$ m]cifully to save ! poor f loss1 :y n make x lawful at once1 )\t any su* condition8 ,"h ! m]cy ( ! enactm5t is q de/roy$ by ! enc\ragem5t ( deceit4 ,9 ! same way ! oral law =bids op51 /raight=w>d buy+ & sell+ on a holy day1 & yet prescribes a me?od ( evasion4 8,a man mu/ n say to a but*]1 ,give me meat = s mu* money1 only1 ,give a portion1 or half a portion1 & on ! morr[ !y settle ! acc\nt z to its value40 7,ibid4 c4 iv4 #bj47 8,a man may g to 8 accu/om$ %opkeep]1 or %eph]d1 or grazi]1 & take f him cattle1 f[ls1 & :atsoev] he pleases2 only he mu/ n m5tion to him any money1 nor any numb]40 7,ibid47 ,to take any ?+ f a %opkeep] by weight or measure is also =bidd51 if x be done op5ly & hone/ly1 b all[$ if x be done cunn+ly & deceitfully4 8,& ?us a man mu/ n take any ?+ f a %opkeep] by weight or measure1 only let him say to ! %opkeep]1 ,fill ?is vessel = me2 & on ! morr[ he gives him ! value4 ,& ev5 ?\gh ! vessel %\ld be "o set ap>t = ! purpose ( measur+1 he may fill x1 provid$ t ! "n ( a measure be n m5tion$40 7,ibid47 ,9 all ^! cases x is pla9 t a real transaction ( buy+ & sell+ takes place1 & on ! %[+ ( ! rabbies !mselves1 contr>y to ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,^? m5 :o w\ld flog a fell[-creature = n keep+ _! own comm&m5t ( a second holy day1 make no scruple ( devis+ & prescrib+ a sy/em ( fraudul5t evasion ( ,god's comm&s4 ,p]haps "s may ?9k t we use too /rong language :5 we apply ! words cunn+ & deceit to ^? devices ( ! oral law1 b ?is language 0 sugge/$ by ! oral law itself1 :i* does n scruple to use simil> words1 & to pron\nce t1 9 simil> cases1 cunn+ or deceit is lawful4 4 8,if a fir/-born bea/ & its (fspr+ fall into a pit1 ! fir/ is to be help$ out on condition ( slaught]+ x1 b x is n slaught]$4 ,!n guile is to be us$1 & ! second also help$ out on condition ( slaught]+ x1 & !n !y slaught] :i* ( ! two !y please4 ,on acc\nt ( ! affliction ( ! animals1 x has be5 pron\nc$ lawful to use guile40 7,ibid4 c4 ii47 ,"h ! oral law speaks pla9ly1 x fairly says t guile may be us$4 ,x is no def5ce to say1 t ?is guile 0 sugge/$ by compassion = ! animals4 ,if x be lawful to help ! animals out ( ! pit at all1 x is lawful to d x )\t any guile1 op5ly & hone/ly4 ,& if x be unlawful to help !m out1 x is d\bly unlawful to d s ?r\gh guile & deceit1 z if ,god 0 ignorant ( ! ?\ghts & designs ( _! he>ts1 & c\ld be satisfi$ ) false & fictiti\s conditions4 ,b !re is ano!r case1 :]e ?is same ^w is also us$1 & :]e ! excuse ( compassion is altoge!r out ( ! "q4 444 4 8,he t takes (f ! hide ( a bea/ on a holy day1 mu/ n salt x1 = ?is is "w1 & he w\ld be guilty ( do+ "w t is n necess>y = ! prep>ation ( food4444 ,b x is lawful to salt meat = roa/+ on ! top ( ! hide1 & 9 ?is matt] guile is employ$4 ,h[ s8 ,?us4 ,a little meat is salt$ on "o "p1 & !n a little on ano!r "p1 until ! :ole hide be salt$40 7,ibid4 c4 iii4 #d47 ,"h no def5ce :atev] c be (f]$4 ,! oral law confesses t to salt a hide is unlawful1 its compil]s !re=e set to "w to f9d out a me?od ( do+ :at 0 =bidd51 & yet h ! appe>ance ( keep+ ! law1 & !y sagaci\sly discov]$ ! above solution ( ! difficulty4 ,?us ! law ( ,god is made null by ! traditions ( m54 ,! comm&m5ts ( ! ,scribes are en=c$ by flogg+ & excommunication1 b full p]mission giv5 to violate ,god's comm&s1 if only an appe>ance ( ob$i5ce c be pres]v$4 ,no wond] t ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ^: *>act]i/ic is mildness & g5tl5ess1 us$ su* h>% language to ! au?ors ( ?is sy/em4 ,8 g5]al address to !m 01 8,woe unto y1 ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 hypocrites40 ,!y pr(ess$ ! utmo/ anxiety to h ! law ( ,god obs]v$4 ,?is 0 ! pr(ess$ object ( _! comm&m5ts4 ,!y 7 inv5t$ z a h$ge to keep (f e ,israelite f ev5 an approa* to transgression2 & !y en=c$ ! obs]vance ( ?is def5ce by ! sev]e/ puni%m5ts4 ,b :]e ! law ( ,god int]f]$ ) _! worldly int]e/1 _! pr(it or _! ga91 !y fe>lessly made void ! law1 & inculcat$ a sy/em ( guile & evasion4 ,& ?is is p]haps ! mo/ deadly elem5t 9 ! ,talmudic potion4 ,! human he>t is ev] ready to imbibe :at is bad1 & ! human m9d mo/ quick 9 g5]aliz+ ! pr9ciples ( evil4 ,! only effici5t rem$y = ?is disease ( head & he>t is ! inculcation ( ^? pure & holy pr9ciples1 :i* ,god has graci\sly reveal$4 ,b :5 ^! pr9ciples are !mselves adult]at$1 & a sy/em ( guileful evasion taught z ! religion ( ,moses & ! prophets1 :at are ! results to be expect$8 ,! cruel oppression ( ! poor is bad en\gh4 ,! enslav+ ! consci5ces ( ! weak is worse2 b ! corrupt+ ! m9ds ( ! simple by su* p]nici\s doctr9es1 is ! wor/ ( all4 ,yet ?is is ! "w ( ! ,jewi% religion1 z taught 9 ! oral law1 & z recogniz$ 9 ! pray]s ( ! synagogue4 ,we d n mean to say t !re is any?+ peculi> 9 ! sy/em4 ,we "k t ! ,prov9cial ,lett]s develop a ,g5tile sy/em z corrupt & corrupt+4 ,b t sy/em has no?+ to d ) ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,our =efa!rs r5\nc$ x long ago4 ,! ,jews /ill adh]e to ! oral law1 & 9 _! pray]s & obs]vances /ill ackn[l$ge its ,div9e au?ority2 & :]ev] ,judaism exi/s 9 vig\r1 ^! are ! doctr9es in/ill$ into ! m9ds ( ! "y1 & to :i* ! fl[] ( ! ,jewi% nation devote ! vig\r ( _! manhood & ! judgm5t ( _! old age4 ,t !re are ,jews :o abhor ?is sy/em1 & h adopt$ ! pur] pr9ciples ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ev5 ?\gh !y d n pr(ess ,*ri/ianity1 we well "k4 ,b h[ is x t !re are none :o h c\rage to prote/ aga9/ x8 ,h[ is x t !re is n "o :o comes =w>d to emancipate 8 bre?r5 f moral slav]y & ! gall+ *a9 ( sup]/ition & error8 8,!re is none to guide h] among all ! sons :om %e ha? br\ght =?3 nei!r is !re any t take? h] by ! h& ( all ! sons t %e ha? br\ght up40 7,isaiah li4 #ah47 ,no4 ,,xv4 ,,sabba? ,,mixture4 ,9 discuss+ ! sub/ance & t5d5cy ( ! oral law1 ! v nature ( our design compels u to dwell ^u its peculi>ities1 & to notice ^? traits :i* appe> z its ess5tial *>act]i/ics4 ,our object is n1 prim>ily1 to %[ its defects & fruits1 b to prove t x is n ( ,div9e au?ority4 ,9 prov+ ?is1 x is absolutely necess>y to %[1 by a comp>ison ) ! law & ! prophets1 z ! un]r+ /&>d ( "r & wrong1 t ! sy/em is bad4 ,we "k1 & h m ?an once admitt$1 t z x is n a m]e human inv5tion1 b a corruption ( a div9ely reveal$ religion1 x mu/ conta9 mu* t is good4 ,b ?is admission no m ju/ifies ! sy/em1 ?an a small quantity ( gold 9 a mix$ metal w\ld prove t ! :ole mass is gold4 ,& ?is comp>ison may be well illu/rat$ by ! holy day con/itutions1 :i* h lately occupi$ our att5tion4 ,! conclud+ p>agraph ( ^! con/itutions conta9s sev]al beautiful & pi\s precepts2 z1 = example1 aft] ! comm& to rejoice on su* days1 & to provide nuts & su*-l ?+s = ! *ildr51 new clo!s & ornam5ts = ! wom51 & good eat+ & dr9k+ = ! m51 we read z foll[s3-- 8,& :5 he eats & dr9ks1 he is b\nd to fe$ ! /rang]1 ! orphan1 & ! wid[1 ) ! o!r poor4 ,b he t bolts ! doors ( 8 h\se1 & eats & dr9ks ) 8 *ildr5 & 8 wife1 b does n furni% meat & dr9k to ! poor & afflict$1 is n to be reg>d$ z hav+ fulfill$ ! comm&m5t2 on ! contr>y1 8 joy is t ( a glutton1 & ( su* p]sons x is said1 #8,_! sacrifices %all be unto !m z ! bread ( m\rn]s2 all t eat !re( %all be pollut$3 = _! bread = _! s\l %all n come into ! h\se ( ! ,"l4' 7,hos4 ix4 #d470 7,arbah ,turim1 #ebi47 ,?is makes a m]ciful provision = ! poor1 & z tea*+ all :o p>take ( ! good ?+s ( ?is _w to rememb] _! poor] bre?r51 is wor?y ( praise & imitation4 ,we "k also t ?is *>ity is practis$ by all dev\t ,jews 9 e "p ( ! _w1 & t !y are on ?is acc\nt entitl$ to ! respect ( all :o c appreciate b5evol5ce4 ,b ! reason :y e believ] 9 revelation w approve ?is comm&m5t is1 because x accords ) ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,moses has made ?is precept a "p ( 8 law3 8,! /rang]1 & ! fa!rless1 & ! wid[1 :i* are )9 ?y gates1 %all come1 & %all eat & be satisfi$2 t ! ,"l ?y ,god may bless !e 9 all ! "w ( ?9e h& :i* ?\ doe/40 7,deut4 xiv4 #bi47 ,& 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t !re is f\nd a simil> comm&3 8,:5 ?\ make/ a d9n] or a supp]1 call n ?y fri5ds1 nor ?y bre?r51 nei!r ?y k9sm5 nor ?y ri* neighb\rs2 le/ !y also bid !e aga91 & a recomp5se be made !e4 ,b :5 ?\ make/ a fea/1 call ! poor1 ! maim$1 ! lame1 ! bl9d2 & ?\ %alt be bless$2 = !y _c recomp5se !e2 = ?\ %alt be recomp5s$ at ! resurrection ( ! j40 7,luke xiv4 #ab-ad74 ,b excell5t z ?is rabb9ical comm&m5t is 9 itself1 x loses consid]ably :5 int]pret$ accord+ to ! sy/em4 ,a p]son acqua9t$ only ) ! law ( ,moses1 or ! doctr9e ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 w\ld say1 t "o ( ! mo/ lovely features 9 ! comm& is ! univ]sal love inculcat$ t[>ds ! /rang] z well z ! ,israelites4 ,b an acqua9tance ) ! oral law w\ld compel him to retract ?is comm5dation1 = !re univ]sally ! /rang] is int]pret$ to mean1 8a proselyte to ,judaism10 z = in/ance-- 1 1 8,to love ! /rang] :o comes1 & is ga!r$ "u ! w+s ( ! ,%e*9ah1 is to fulfil two affirmative precepts2 "o1 because he is includ$ 9 ! numb] ( ^? consid]$ #8neighb\rs1' & a second1 because ! law says1 #8,ye %all love ! /rang]4'0 7,hil*o? ,deo?1 c4 vi4 #d47 ,"h1 !n1 t compreh5sive ^w 8/rang]0 is n>r[$ d[n to ! signification 8religi\s proselyte10 & abundance ( simil> passages h already be5 giv5 9 ,nos4 #d & #e4 ,b ev5 ) ?is great drawback we admit t !re is mu* to be comm5d$ 9 ! above comm&m5t4 ,we are q will+ to recognize all ! good :i* we c1 & !re=e add ano!r passage or two :i* des]ve notice4 4 8,x is a *>act]i/ic ( ! pi\s1 :o set ! ,"l always be=e !m1 & 9 all _! ways ackn[l$ge him1 t 9 ! "t ( _! joy !y multiply /ill m ! bless+s & praises ( ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 :o makes !m to rejoice4 ,at su* a season1 too1 a man ought to ?9k1 if su* be ! joy ( ?is _w1 :i* is vanity1 = x is foll[$ by sorr[ & tr\ble1 :at w be ! joy ( ! _w to come1 :i* is ev]la/+1 & to :i* no sorr[ c succe$40 7,arbah ,turim1 ibid47 ,?is passage also1 z re/+ ^u ! unsophi/icat$ ,^w ( ,god1 mu/ receive unqualifi$ ass5t4 ,! "* ( ! pi\s is "h beautifully describ$ by ! union ( two passages ( ,scripture4 ,!y are ^? 8:o set ! ,"l always be=e !m10 7,ps4 xvi4 #h17 & :o 89 all _! ways ackn[l$ge him40 7,prov4 iii4 #f47 ,god grant t all1 bo? ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 may e>ne/ly endeav\r to realize ?is "*4 ,! piety ( ?is passage is equall$ by ! prud5ce ( "o ( _! police regulations = ! ?ree great fea/s4 8,! tribunal is b\nd1 at ! ?ree fea/s1 to appo9t (fic]s = ! purpose ( go+ ab\t & inspect+ g>d5s1 & p>ks1 & riv]s1 t m5 & wom5 may n congregate 9 su* places to eat & dr9k1 & be l$ to commit s940 ,if ! au?ors ( ! oral law _h conf9$ !mselves to su* comm&m5ts z ^!1 !re w\ld be b little to blame4 ,b un=tunately ! good & useful precepts be> b a small proportion to ! :ole1 & are (t5 directly c\nt]act$ by ! peculi> pr9ciples ( ! sy/em4 ,! above g5]al description ( piety is unexceptionable1 b ! detail ( ! requirem5ts1 ev5 = ! holy day alone1 is su* z mu/ effectually p]v]t & di/ort ! features !re del9eat$4 ,h[ c a man h a j idea ( sett+ ! ,"l always be=e him1 :o ?9ks t a cunn+ evasion ( ,god's comm&m5ts is p]mitt$1 z 0 %[n 9 ! la/ numb]8 ,or h[ c a man be said to ackn[l$ge ,god1 :5 8 m9d is fill$ & occupi$ ) ! manifold & p]plex+ c]emonies ( man's in/itution8 ,( ^! inv5tions _m h already be5 giv51 b m rema91 & ! ,jewi% ,pray]-book = ! passov] especially rem9ds u ( "o4 8,! laws ( ! mixture = ! cook+ ( victuals40 ,?is oral law has made x unlawful on ! holy day to prep>e food = ! ,sabba?4 8,:5 a holy day falls on ! eve ( ! ,sabba?1 x is unlawful to bake or to cook on t day :at is to be eat5 on ! morr[1 i4e4 on ! ,sabba?40 7,hil*o? ,jom4 ,tov4 c4 vi4 #a47 ,?is law may ( c\rse create a great inconv5i5ce1 = if no?+ rema9s aft] ! meals ( ! holy day1 !re w be no food = ! ,sabba?1 & on t day ! law ( ,moses =bids all cook+4 ,&1 /range to say1 ! evasion :i* is all[$ at o!r times is "h =bidd54 ,a man is n p]mitt$ to cook a surplus ( victuals "u ! pret5ce t x is = ! holy day4 ,ano!r & m solemn mode ( evasion has be5 inv5t$1 & is ?us prescrib$ 9 ! ,jewi% ,pray]-book-- 4 4 4 ,( :i* ,d4 ,levi gives ! foll[+ translation1 :i* ?\gh n v lit]al1 is pref]able to a new "o1 z occurr+ 9 an au?oriz$ edition ( ! ,jewi% pray]s3-- 8,if ! fir/ day ( ! fe/ival happ5s on ! ,?ursday1 ! foll[+ c]emony is obs]v$4 ,on ! day prec$+ ! fe/ival1 ! ma/] ( e family takes a :ole cake & a piece ( meat1 fi%1 or a roa/$ egg2 & hav+ deliv]$ !m to "o /&+ by1 to d5ote t all ! o!r ,jews 9 ! city t may h =gott5 to make ! mixture %all1 nev]!less1 h ! b5efit ( ! said mixture1 s z to be able to prep>e on ! fe/ival :at is necess>y = ! ,sabba?1 he !n says ! foll[+3-- 4 8,bless$ art ?\1 ,o ,"l1 our ,god6 ,k+ ( ! univ]se1 :o has sanctifi$ u ) ?y comm&m5ts1 & comm&$ u conc]n+ ! mixture40 8,by ?is mixture x %all be all[able = u to bake1 boil1 & to keep ! victuals w>m3 to light up lights1 & to d1 & prep>e all ?+s necess>y1 on ! fe/ival = ! ,sabba?2 we1 & all ,israel t dwell 9 ?is city40 7,levi's ,pray]s1 vol4 v4 pp4 #d1 #e47 ,n[1 aga9/ ?is c]emony sev]al & s]i\s objections may be made4 ,fir/1 if x be absolutely unlawful on ! holy day to cook = ! ,sabba?-day1 h[ is ! unlawfulness remov$1 by go+ ?r\gh a trifl+ c]emony1 & repeat+ a few words8 ,! cook+ is1 9 ! sight ( ,god1 ei!r lawful or unlawful4 ,if lawful1 !n ?is c]emony is utt]ly useless1 & ! solemn call+ ^u ,god is only a solemn pr(anation4 ,if unlawful1 !n no?+ b a disp5sation f ,israel's great lawgiv]1 ,god himself1 c make x lawful4 ,any ?+ %ort ( ?is mu/1 by e hone/ man1 be reg>d$ ei!r z an evasion1 or a bold & wilful transgression4 ,secondly1 ! unlawfulness on :i* ?is c]emony is f\nd$1 is altoge!r ( man's mak+--,god has n[h]e =bidd5 ! ,jews to prep>e = ,sabba? on ! holy day4 ,! ,scribes h "h z else:]e d>$ to add to ! law ( ,god4 4 8,?is prohibition is ( ! words ( ! ,scribes1 t a man may n be l$ to prep>e on a holy day = a common day4 ,= if he feel x unlawful to cook = ,sabba?1 /ill m w he feel ?is = a common day40 7,hil*o? ,jom4 ,tov4 vi4 #a47 ,"h x is pla9ly confess$ t ! prohibition is n f ,god b f man4 ,a reason is assign$ = ?is addition1 :i* is unsatisfactory1 & %[s t ! ,scribes ?\ght ! law imp]fect1 & !mselves wis] ?an ,god4 ,!y 7 afraid1 if m5 got into a habit ( cook+ on ! holy day = ! foll[+ day1 :5 t day 0 ! ,sabba?1 !y might get into ! habit ( cook+ g5]ally = ! foll[+ day1 & ?us cook = common days4 ,b did n ,god =esee ?is possibility1 & "k ! frailty ( human nature j z well z ! rabbies8 :y !n did he n take ?is precaution himself8 ,if ?is precaution be absolutely necess>y1 z x 0 n giv5 by ,god1 x w necess>ily foll[ t ,god did n give t :i* 0 necess>y1 & !re=e t ! law ( ,god 0 imp]fect until x 0 m5d$ by ! rabbies4 ,if ! law1 z giv5 by ,god1 be p]fect1 & :o c d5y x )\t blasphemy1 !n ?is precaution ( ! rabbies is useless1 & !y are prov$ guilty ( mak+ additions to ! law ( ,god1 & ( impos+ ne$less burd5s on ! consci5ces ( _! bre?r54 ,if ?is c]emony 7 left to ! free w ( e individual1 x w\ld be v diff]5t1 b x is impos$ z an indisp5sable duty1 & a man pron\nc$ a s9n] if he does n comply4 8,he :o c make ! mixture1 & does n1 b *ooses to dep5d on ! mixture made by ! great m5 ( ! city1 is call$ a s9n]1 & has n fulfill$ 8 duty40 7,arbah ,turim1 #ebg47 ,"h !n 8 consci5ce is burd5$1 b fur!r1 he may be expos$ to consid]able inconv5i5ce1 to escape f :i* he is driv5 aga9 to a prescrib$ ex]cise ( artifice & guile4 4 4 8,he t has n p]=m$ ! c]emony ( ! mixture = himself1 & = :om o!rs h n done x1 z x is unlawful = him to boil or to bake1 s 8 fl\r & food are unlawful2 & x is unlawful = ano!r1 :o has p]=m$ ! c]emony = himself1 to boil & bake = su* an "o until he buy = himself4 ,!n he may boil & bake ( 8 own1 = he has b\ght x1 & if he please may make a pres5t ( x to ! o!r40 ,"h ( c\rse ! pur*ase is fictiti\s4 ,9 l mann] x is unlawful = him to light ! ,sabba? c&le4 ,?is w\ld be a great mis=tune1 & a le>n$ rabbi has accord+ly f\nd out a rem$y ( ! same k9d4 8,rabbi ,mey]1 ( ,ro!nburg1 has said 9 8 writ+s1 t a man may seek = some?+ 9 ! room by ! light ( a c&le1 yea ?\gh x be /ill day1 & !n leave x light+ until night40 7,arbah ,turim1 #ebg47 ,we ask ! ,jews s]i\sly to consid] ?is specim5 ( rabb9ical wisdom & consci5ti\sness4 ,a man :o has n p]=m$ ! c]emony ( ! mixture d>e n d :at ,god has all[$ him to d1 he d>e n light ! c&le = ,sabba?1 t is1 if he does x hone/ly & op5ly1 he w\ld1 accord+ to ! oral law1 commit a s94 ,b !n he may d ?is same ?+ by us+ guile & deceit1 :i* ,god has =bidd51 & !n accord+ to ^! same tea*]s1 ! act is lawful4 ,he may light a c&le "u pret5ce ( se>*+ = some?+1 ev5 ?\gh he has ! daylight1 & !re=e evid5tly does n want x = t purpose1 & !n he c leave x light+4 ,?us ! oral law tea*es t ! neglect ( a m]e human inv5tion is a great] s9 ?an guile & deceit4 ,is n ?is to /ra9 at a gnat & to swall[ a camel8 ,b "s ,rabb9i/ may say1 if ! oral law enc\rages guile & deceit1 :y does x =bid ! employm5t or guile 9 ! prep>ation ( food = ! ,sabba?1 z has be5 /at$ above8 ,?is is a curi\s po9t1 & des]ves att5tion4 ,! oral law says1 if food be left aft] ! meals ( ! holy day1 x is lawful to eat x on ! ,sabba?1 provid$ t no guile be us$2 b if guile be us$1 x is unlawful4 ,:]eas1 if a man wilfully neglect ! c]emony ( ! mixture1 & cook not)/&+ = ! ,sabba? he may lawfully eat :at he has prep>$4 ,?is has at fir/ sight1 ! appe>ance ( wi%+ to disc\rage guile1 b ! reasons1 giv5 = ?is decision1 %[ t ?is is f> f be+ ! case4 4 8,:at is ! reason t !y 7 m sev]e ^u him t us$ guile ?an ^u ! wilful transgressor1 & made x unlawful = ! =m]1 b n = ! latt]8 ,! reason is ?is1 if !y _h pron\nc$ x lawful = him t uses guile1 all w\ld use guile1 & ! v "n ( mixture = food w\ld p]i%4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a wilful transgressor is r>e1 & if he transgresses to-day1 he w n transgress aga940 ,! employm5t ( guile1 !n1 is n =bidd5 because x is odi\s 9 ! sight ( ,god & man1 b simply f ! fe> t x might op]ate prejudicially ^u ! obs]vance ( a rabb9ic comm&4 ,su* is & mu/ be ! effect ( multiply+ religi\s c]emonies1 & impos+ !m ^u ! consci5ce z necess>y to salvation4 ,! consci5ce becomes burd5$1 & beset ) difficulties1 & is glad ( any refuge or relief1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld be d]iv$ f artifice & deceit4 ,artifice is at la/ made lawful1 or ev5 prescrib$1 z we h se5 9 _m in/ances1 & !n religion1 :i* ,god int5d$ z a rem$y = our moral disease1 becomes itself a new s\rce ( infection4 ,b if any burd5$ consci5ce %\ld awake & become s5sible ( ! *eat t has be5 put ^u x by ! oral law1 ! probability is t x w ca/ (f religion altoge!r1 & mi/ake ,moses too = a companion or ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees2 & ?us _m a rabb9ical ,jew has be5 l$ to utt] infidelity4 ,b !re is /ill a ?ird objection to be urg$ aga9/ ?is c]emony ( ! mixture1 & t is1 t x prescribes a =m ( ?anksgiv+ to ,god = appo9t+ t :i* he nev] appo9t$3 8,bless$ art ?\1 ,o ,"l our ,god6 ,k+ ( ! univ]se6 :o has sanctifi$ u ) ?y comm&m5ts1 & comm&$ u conc]n+ ! mixture40 ,:]e has ,god comm&$ ! mixture8 ,:]e1 f "o end ( ! law to ! o!r1 or 9 ! prophets1 is !re "o ^w ab\t ?is c]emony8 ,x is f fir/ to la/ a pure inv5tion ( ! ,scribes4 ,god nev] appo9t$ x4 ,?is pray]1 !n1 conta9s a positive untru?1 & ?us ! ignorant & unle>n$ are deceiv$1 & taught ev5 9 ! solemn act ( public wor%ip to believe t ,god has comm&$ :at he nev] comm&$4 ,! m9ds ( *ildr51 too1 are ?us imbu$ ) ! comm&m5ts ( m51 & taught 9 ! language ( pray] to /amp ! div9e au?ority ^u ! inv5tion ( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees4 ,& ?is is done n only 9 ! =e/s ( ,pol&1 or on ! unciviliz$ coa/s ( ,b>b>y1 b "h 9 ,engl&4 ,?is c]emony & ?is pray] are prescrib$ 9 ! two editions ( ! ,jewi% pray]-book1 publi%$ by ,levi & ,alex&]4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e full lib]ty ( consci5ce prevails1 ! language ( ! synagogue is j ! same z 9 ! d>ke/ & mo/ oppress$ regions ( ! habitable globe4 ,! ,jewi% *ildr5 are /ill taught to bless ,god = giv+ :at he nev] gave1 & ! sacr$ voice ( pray] /ill consecrates ! intol]ance1 ! errors1 & ! absurdities ( ! oral law4 ,9 o!r c\ntries1 :]e ! circum/ances 7 n s fav\rable1 ! ,jews h made m ?an "o attempt to r5\nce & repudiate ! errors ( ! ,talmud4 ,b 9 ,engl&1 :e!r f li/lessness or f a love to ^! ,talmudic doctr9es1 we d n presume to say1 no?+ has be5 done ei!r by ! ,g]man or ! ,portuguese ,jews4 ,9 ,engl& ! ,talmud /ill ma9ta9s its empire ( error & un*>itabl5ess1 & spiritual tyranny1 & n "o individual has d>$ publicly to prote/ aga9/ x4 ,we ask ! ,jews s]i\sly to consid] ?is matt]1 & to comp>e ! extracts :i* we give ) ,moses & ! prophets2 if ! oral law agrees ) t :i* is confess$ly ! ,^w ( ,god1 !n we beg ( !m to expla9 ! lawfulness ( us+ guile1 ( inv5t+ new comm&m5ts1 & en=c+ !m ) ! sev]e/ puni%m5ts4 ,b if !y decide t ^! ?+s are altoge!r =bidd5 by ,god1 !n we call ^u !m to prote/ al\d aga9/ ^! adult]ations ( reveal$ tru?4 ,no4 ,,xvi4#ag ,,intol]ance ,,( ,,rabb9ic ,,pray]s4 ,9 our la/ numb] we v5tur$ to say1 t 9 ! ,engli% synagogues 8,! sacr$ voice ( pray] /ill consecrates ! intol]ance1 ! errors1 & ! absurdities ( ! oral law20 & we gave an in/ance 9 pro( ( our ass]tion4 ,b to "s ,israelites1 :o h ov]look$ ! cont5ts ( _! ,pray]-book1 ?is ass]tion may require m pro(2 we !re=e1 proce$ to give x1 & fir/ ( all ) reg>d to intol]ance4 ,9 ! c]emonial = ! fir/ two ev5+s ( ! ,passov]1 9 ! mid/ ( ! rejoic+s & ?anksgiv+s1 :i* ! memory ( _! great deliv]ance naturally calls =?1 we sudd5ly f9d ! foll[+ pray]3-- 4 4 4 8,p\r out ?y wra? ^u ! hea!n t h n kn[n !e1 & ^u ! k+doms t h n call$ ^u ?y "n4 ,= !y h dev\r$ ,jacob1 & laid wa/e 8 dwell+ place4 7,psalm lxxix4 #f1 #g47 ,p\r out ?9e indignation ^u !m1 & let ?y wra?ful ang] take hold ( !m4 7,psalm lxix4 #bd47 ,p]secute !m 9 ang]1 & de/roy !m f "u ! heav5s ( ! ,"l40 7,lam5t4 iii4 #ff47 ,"h are ?ree passages ( ,scripture1 tak5 f _! context1 & jo9$ toge!r to make "o pray]4 ,9 _! context1 & ) ref]5ce to ! times = :i* ^? portions ( ,scripture 7 giv5 by ,god1 !y are intelligible4 ,aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ! ,romans1 :il/ ! ,jewi% m9d 0 /ill 9 a /ate ( viol5t excitem5t aga9/ ! au?ors ( t calamity1 su* on imprecation may appe> natural4 ,dur+ ! p]secutions ( ! ,crusad]s or ! ,inquisition x might be excusable1 b 9 ! pres5t "t & circum/ances x is indef5sible4 ,:o are ! hea!n & ! k+doms1 :om ! (f]]s ( ^! petitions wi% to be pursu$ ) ,god's wra?1 & to be de/roy$ f "u ! heav5s8 ,are !y ! ,*ri/ians1 or ! hea!n idolat]s ( ,africa & ,india8 ,! ,mahometans pr(ess a fai? 9 ! ,unity v simil> to t ( ! lat] rabbies3 !y1 !re=e1 _c be int5d$4 ,if x be said t ! idolatr\s hea!n are "h int5d$1 we mu/ /ill prote/ aga9/ ! intol]ance ( ?is imprecation2 :y %\ld ! ,jews wi% = _! de/ruction8 ,:at evil did ^! poor ignorant p ev] d to ! ,jews 9 ,engl&1 t !y %\ld pray = _! de/ruction r ?an _! conv]sion8 ,if x be said1 t nobody at all is int5d$ 9 ! pres5t day1 :y1 we w\ld ask1 is x /ill made a "p ( ! ,passov] c]emonial8 ,we h be=e u sev]al copies ( ! ,haggadah1 "s pr9t$ v lately1 & x occurs 9 !m all4 ,if ?is 7 ! only passage ( ! k9d to be f\nd 9 ! liturgies ( ! synagogue1 x might p]haps admit ( palliation or excuse1 b x is only "o ( a simil> class1 all brea?+ ! same _s4 ,9 ! morn+ s]vice = ! second day ( ! ,passov]1 z translat$ by ,d4 ,levi1 we f9d ano!r m fe>ful /ill4 1 1 1 1 1 8,ha/51 ,o my belov$1 to :]e ?y he>t & eyes are2 & ?\gh we h ca/ (f t t is good & pleasant1 yet he> ! ro>+ rag+ voice ( ^? t oppress ?y p2 satiate ! clods ) _! blood2 manure ! e>? ) _! fat2 & let ! /5* ( _! c>casses asc5d40 7,levi's ,pray]s1 vol4 #e1 fol4 #adb47 ,! translation is ,d4 ,levi's1 s t x _c be said1 t ! s5se has be5 misrepres5t$ or di/ort$ = polemical purposes4 ,x is ! translation ( a ,jew1 & ( a ,jew 9 ,engl&1 & ! title-page tells u t x is ! second edition 8c>efully revis$ & correct$1 & illu/rat$ by ,isaac ,levi40 ,! title-page also says1 8,z read 9 _! synagogues & us$ 9 _! families40 ,is n ?is pray] intol]ant8 ,is !re any ?+ l x 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 or 9 our ,*ri/ian ,pray]-books8 ,& yet we are told t mod]n ,judaism is m tol]ant ?an ,*ri/ianity1 & t x tea*es *>ity to all m54 ,let n ! ,jews ?9k t we impute ?is _s to ! :ole nation4 ,no su* ?+4 ,?is passage is quot$ z a specim5 ( ! _s ( ! oral law & its au?ors1 :o n only 7 possess$ ( ?is _s ( res5tm5t1 b s ov]:elm$ ) x1 z to transfuse x into _! addresses to ! ,god ( m]cy1 & to prescribe x z a port ( ! public wor%ip ( ! congregation4 ,:5ev] introduc$1 !re x /ill rema9s1 z a te/imony to ! _s ( ! fir/ oppos]s ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & z a portion ( ! liturgic s]vice ( ! synagogue4 ,9 ^! passages1 h[ev]1 x does n appe> :at nations are int5d$2 no "n or p>ticul> *>act]i/ic is giv51 ?\gh ! allusion1 9 ! la/ quot$ pray]1 to ,isaiah xxxiv41 naturally leads ! read] to ?9k ( ,edom2 b 9 o!r places a m def9ite =m is prescrib$1 f :i* we f9d t ,edom is ! great object ( hatr$4 1 1 8,god divide? ! night ( pres]vation1 :5 9 ! mid/ ( ! night he w5t =? ?r\gh ! l& ( ,egypt3 may ! mighty ,god also divide x conc]n+ ,edom40 7,levi1 ibid4 fol4 #g47 ,?is is a petition t ,god w\ld d to ,edom z he did unto ,egypt4 ,aga91 a little fur!r on we read1 1 1 8,on ! ,passov]1 a %>p sword %all fall on ,edom1 by ! h& ( him :o is :ite & ruddy1 z 9 ! days ( ! fea/ ( ,passov]40 7,ibid4 fol4 #aj47 ,& s ?r\gh\t ! pray]s !re are frequ5t allusions to ?is subject1 z = in/ance-- 1 1 1 1 1 8,!n w 8 "n be pron\nc$ z x is writt53 :5 ! o!r half w complete ! ^w2 8 dom9ion also w be greatly exalt$1 & 8 ?rone be completely e/abli%$2 :5 he %all smite ! desc5dants ( ,esau1 & take v5geance on 8 enemies40 7,ibid4 fol4 #bad47 ,b ^! are suffici5t to %[ t ,edom is ! great object ( antipa?y1 & ( c\rse ! great "q is1 :om d ! ,jews und]/& by ,edom8 ,let ! mo/ fam\s ( _! rabbies in/ruct u 9 ?is matt]1 & fir/ let u he> ,maimonides3-- 8,! ,edomites are idolat]s1 & ! fir/ day ( ! week is ! day ( _! fe/ival2 !re=e x is =bidd5 to h comm]ce ) !m 9 ! l& ( ,israel1 on ! fif? & six? day ( e week4 ,x is n necess>y to say t ! fir/ day itself is e :]e unlawful40 7,hil*o? ,accum4 c4 ix4 #d47 ,!re is b "o class ( religioni/s :o obs]ve ! fir/ day ( ! week z sacr$4 ,n[ let u he> ,kim*i4 ,9 8 comm5t>y on ,joel iii4 #ai1 8,egypt %all be a desolation1 & ,edom %all be a desolate wild]ness1 = ! viol5ce aga9/ ! *ildr5 ( ,judah1 because !y h %$ innoc5t blood 9 _! l&30 he says1 1 444 8,! prophet m5tions ,egypt & ,edom3 ,egypt1 on acc\nt ( ! ,turks1 & ,edom1 on acc\nt ( ! ,roman empire2 & ^! two h n[ _h dom9ion = a long "t1 & w cont9ue until ! r$emption4 ,?is is ! f\r? bea/ 9 ! visions ( ,daniel4444 ,& ?is is said1 because ! majority ( ! ,roman empire is compos$ ( ,edomites4 ,= al?\gh _m o!r nations are mix$ among !m1 z is also ! case ) ! ,turki% empire1 !y are call$ aft] ! root40 ,kim*i !n fixes ,edom ^u ! ,roman empire1 9 :i* he evid5tly includes ! ,greek empire1 = he wrote 9 ! #ab? c5tury1 long be=e ! ,con/ant9opolitan dyna/y 0 ov]turn$4 ,ab5 ,esra gives a simil> int]pretation on ! bless+ ( ,esau4 1 8,rome1 :i* l$ u away captive1 is ( ! se$ ( ,kittim1 & s ! ,t>gumi/ has said1 9 ,numb]s xxiv4 #bd1 #8,& %ips %all come f ! coa/ ( ,kittim4' ,& ?is is ! same z ! ,greek mon>*y1 z ,i h expla9$ 9 ! book ( ,daniel2 & !re 7 v few :o believ$ on ! man ( :om !y made a god4 ,b :5 ,rome believ$ 9 ! days ( ,con/ant9e1 :o *ang$ ! :ole religion1 & put an image ( t man ^u 8 /&>d1 !re 7 none 9 ! _w :o obs]v$ ! new law except a few ,edomites1 !re=e ,rome is call$ ! k+dom ( ,edom40 7,comm5t4 on ,g54 xxix47 ,we d n n[ /op to refute ! false /atem5ts :i* ,ab5 ,ezra "h makes4 ,e "o t kn[s any?+ ( hi/ory1 kn[s t 9 less ?an a c5tury aft] ! "t ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ! ,*ri/ian religion _h made great progress 9 ! :ole ,roman empire1 & t ! propagation ( ! new law1 z ,ab5 ,ezra calls x1 be=e ! "t ( ,con/ant9e1 0 m rapid & m ext5sive ?an aft] 8 conv]sion4 ,our bus9ess at pres5t is ) 8 int]pretation ( ! ^w ,edom2 he says pla9ly t ,edom & ,edomites mean ! ,*ri/ians4 ,n[ let u he> ,ab>banel3-- 8,f ?is y may le>n t ! prophet 7,obadiah7 did n prophesy only aga9/ ! l& ( ,edom1 :i* is 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! l& ( ,israel1 b also aga9/ t p :i* bran*es (f f !nce1 & is spread ?r\gh ! :ole _w1 & t is ! p ( ! ,*ri/ians 9 ?is our day1 = !y are ( ! *ildr5 ( ,edom40 7,comm5t4 on ,obadiah47 ,"h1 !n1 we h ,maimonides1 ,kim*i1 ,ab5 ,ezra1 & ,ab>banel1 all giv+ ! same int]pretation1 & all ass]t+ t ,edom means ! ,*ri/ians4 ,accord+ to ?is int]pretation1 !n1 ! above dreadful imprecations are = ! de/ruction ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,is ?is tol]ant or *>itable8 ,is ?is 9 accordance ) ,moses' acc\nt ( ! ,div9e "*--8,m]ciful & graci\s1 long-suff]+1 & abundant 9 goodness & tru?80 ,are ^! ! petitions t poor s9ful creatures ought to (f] :5 !y assemble = ! wor%ip ( ! ,creator ( all fle%8 ,above all1 are !y suitable 9 an ,engli% synagogue1 & 9 ! pres5t day8 ,y may say t ,kim*i & ^? o!r comm5tators1 liv$ 9 ! times ( ,pop]y1 & t ,edom only means ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ri/ians4 ,b :at w ^? ,jews say :o live 9 ,rome itself1 & ,france1 & ,bav>ia1 & o!r ,roman ,ca?olic c\ntries8 ,y may ?9k !m 9 error1 s d we1 b we _c = t pray t ,god 8w\ld satiate ! clods ) _! blood1 manure ! e>? ) _! fat1 & cause ! /5* ( _! c>cases to asc5d40 ,we c\ld n utt] su* an imprecation aga9/ ! cannibals ( ,new ,zeal&1 nor ! man-/eal]s ( ,africa4 ,b if y say t y d n (f] up ^! petitions aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 :e!r ,prote/ant or ,romani/1 may we ask aga9/ :om !n are !y direct$8 ,& :at are y\r ?\ghts :5 y he> ^! petitions read1 & jo9 9 !m 9 ! synagogue8 ,! lit]al ,edom 0 de/roy$ long s9ce2 ! *ildr5 ( ,edom h long s9ce be5 utt]ly lo/4 ,:]e are _! po/]ity n[ to be f\nd8 ,! above-nam$ rabbies say ! ,romans 7 desc5d$ f ,edom1 b :]e is _! pro(1 ei!r f ! ,bible or f pr(ane hi/ory8 ,b suppose x 0 s1 h[ w t prove t ! ,greeks1 ! ,fr5*1 ! ,g]mans1 or ! inhabitants ( ! ,briti% isles are ?us desc5d$8 ,! tru? is1 !re is no hi/orical evid5ce :atev] to give ev5 a col\r to ?is ass]tion respect+ ,rome4 ,! rabbies f\nd dreadful d5unciations ( wra? aga9/ ,edom 9 ! prophets1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,obadiah & ! ?irty-f\r? ( ,isaiah1 & !y ?\ght t ,rome & ! ,*ri/ians des]v$ su* puni%m5t m ?an any "o else2 !y !re=e appli$ !m to ^! objects ( _! antipa?y4 ,z f> z au!ntic hi/ory w c>ry u1 ! desc5dants ( ! ,edomites are to be s\ght = r among/ ! ,jews !mselves1 ?an among/ any o!r p2 = ! la/ t we read ( ! ,edomites is1 t !y 7 subdu$ by ,john ,hyrcanus1 & conv]t$ to ,judaism at ! po9t ( ! sword4#ah ,among/ ! ,jews1 !n1 _! desc5dants h ev] s9ce cont9u$1 & /range en\gh "s ( !m may n[ be (f]+ 9 ! synagogue ^! imprecations aga9/ !mselves4 ,b1 h[ev] t be1 ! prophecies aga9/ ,edom d c]ta9ly n apply to ! ,*ri/ian religion1 :i* 0 n ,edomitical1 b altoge!r ,jewi% 9 its orig94 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 a ,jew1 & 8 apo/les & fir/ disciples f a prov9ce ( ,judea z remote z possible f ,edom4 ,& ev5 if ! rabbies c\ld prove t ,rome is ,edom1 /ill ?is w h no?+ to d ) ! o!r nations :o are no wise desc5d$ f1 or connect$ ) t city or p4 ,we are n ignorant ( ! _m prophecies aga9/ ,edom1 b1 h[ev] _m or sev]e1 !y =m no ju/ification ( ^! pray]s1 ev5 if ! rabbies "k :o is int5d$4 ,god is a m]ciful ,god1 z well z a j ,judge1 & :5 he arises to judgm5t1 or :5 he utt]s a d5unciation ( wra?1 we may be sure t he does all 9 tru? & righte\sness4 ,b t furni%es no excuse = ! sons ( m5 :o presumptu\sly take ^u !mselves to call d[n ,god's wra? by pray]1 or to (f] !mselves z ! execution]s ( 8 ang]4 ,! ,^w ( ,god conta9s _m d5unciations ( wra? aga9/ ! ,jews1 b ?is does n ju/ify ! nations :o h p]secut$ & oppress$ !m4 ,:at w\ld ! ,jews ?9k ( u if we collect$ all ! fe>ful passages 9 ! tw5ty-six? *apt] ( ,leviticus1 & ! tw5ty-eight ( ,deut]onomy1 & wove !m into a pray] to call d[n ,god's wra? ^u ! p ( ,israel8 ,:at w\ld !y say if we appo9t$ ?is =m = ! mo/ solemn days1 & = ! "t ( our fe/ivity8 ,yet ?is is :at ! rabbies h done1 & :at ! oral law prescribes1 & !re=e we say1 t su* tea*+ is n f ,god4 ,& we say ?is1 n simply because reason leads to ?is conclusion1 b because su* pray]s are directly contr>y to ! express comm& ( ,god4 ,:5 he s5t ! ,jews into captivity to ,babylon1 he did n tell !m to pray t 8he might p\r out 8 wra?0 ^u t city1 & mu* less to 8satiate ! clods ) ! blood0 ( its inhabitants4 ,on ! contr>y1 he said-- 8,& seek ! peace ( ! city :i!r ,i h caus$ y to be c>ri$ away captives1 & pray unto ! ,"l = x3 = 9 ! peace !re( %all ye h peace40 7,j]em4 xxix4 #g47 ,n[ h[ does ?is comm& agree ) ! above pray]s8 ,suppose ev5 t ! rabbies 7 "r1 & t ,edom does mean ,rome1 h[ c ! ,jews !re pray = its peace & = its utt] de/ruction at ! same "t8 ,^? pray]s are utt]ly irreconcilable ) ?is comm& ( ,god1 & !re=e furni% ano!r pro( ( ! error z well z ! intol]ance ( ! oral law4 ,?is 0 ! object :i* we _h peculi>ly 9 view4 ,we d n wi% to burd5 e ,israelite 9 ,london ) ?is intol]ance4 ,_m are p]haps ignorant t su* pray]s are (f]$ 9 ! synagogue--_m ov]look !m ?r\gh inatt5tion1 & _m o!rs disapprove ( !m4 ,b 9 ^? :o d "k & disapprove1 x is exce$+ly inconsi/5t to jo9 9 !m1 or to rema9 sil5t4 ,! _s ( ^! pray]s is ?us c\nt5anc$1 & ! intol]ance h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,*ildr5 g to ! synagogue1 & he> ^! pray]s (f]$2 !y ?9k z x is ! language ( pray]1 ( public pray]1 ( ! pray]s ( ! p ( ,israel1 x mu/ be "r4 ,:at o!r conclusion c !y =m8 ,?us !y imbibe ! same _s1 & ?us ! p ( ,israel are kept 9 bondage to ! intol]ance ( by-gone g5]ations4 ,b "s w say1 ,we ackn[l$ge t ^! pray]s are contr>y to ! ,bible4 ,rememb]1 !n1 t 9 mak+ ?is ackn[l$gm5t1 y admit ! synagogue--yea1 ! :ole nation ( ,jews1 has be5 9 error = _m c5turies4 ,& if ! ,jewi% nation has be5 univ]sally mi/ak5 ^u s simple1 yet ess5tial1 a po9t ( religion z true *>ity1 x is highly probable t !y are mi/ak5 on o!r po9ts too1 especially ^? t are m difficult & less obvi\s to human reason4 ,b above all1 rememb] t :il/ ! :ole sy/em ( ! oral law1 9 its precepts & pray]s1 has taught y to curse y\r enemies1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? has taught u to bless4 8,ye h he>d t x ha? be5 said1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r1 & hate ?9e enemy3 b ,i say unto y1 ,love y\r enemies1 bless !m t curse y1 d good to !m t hate y1 & pray = !m :i* despitefully use y1 & p]secute y40 7,matt4 v4 #dc1 #dd47 8,bless !m :i* p]secute y3 bless1 & curse n40 7,rom4 xii4 #ad47 ,b "s ,israelites may /ill ?9k t x is unfair to judge ! oral law by ?is "o s]vice to ! ,passov]4 ,su* an "o we w\ld rem9d ( ! bless+ ( ! ,epicureans1 z x is call$1 :i* he is b\nd to say-- 89 e pray]1 e day40 7,hil*o? ,t'phillah1 c4 ii4 #b47 4 8,o let ! sl&]]s h no hope3 all ! wick$ be annihilat$ spe$ily1 & all ! tyrants be cut (f quickly2 humble ?\ !m quickly 9 our days4 ,bless$ art ?\1 ,o ,"l1 :o de/roy$ our enemies40 7,daily ,pray]s1 fol4 #cf47 ,"h is ! same utt] want ( m]cy4 ,no desire = _! am5dm5t1 no pray] = _! conv]sion1 b an invocation ( sudd5 wra? & de/ruction4 ,& ?is ! synagogue prescribes1 n on its fea/s only1 b e day2 yea1 & e "t ( pray] is to be m>k$ by ! voice ( mal$iction4 ,!re is also ano!r comm& relat+ to ?is daily mal$iction1 :i* illu/rates /ill f>!r ! _s ( ! oral law4 4 8,if ! read] 9 ! synagogue %\ld make a mi/ake1 or be confus$ & n "k :]e to beg91 & delay = an h\r1 !n let ano!r rise up 9 8 /ead4 ,b if he made ! mi/ake ) reg>d to ! bless+ ( ! ,epicureans1 he is n to be wait$ =1 b let ano!r in/antly rise up 9 8 /ead1 = p]haps he is infect$ ) ,epicureanism40 7,ibid4 c4 x4 #c47 ,accord+ to ?is law1 if ! read] g wrong 9 invok+ a bless+1 or (f]+ up an int]cessory pray] = m]cy1 su* a petition may be delay$ = a :ole h\r4 ,b if ?is mal$iction %\ld be ! place ( 8 mi/ake1 !re is to be no delay & no po/ponem5t4 ,if ! read] _c (f] x 9 "t1 ano!r is to rise up imm$iately1 & cry to heav5 = a curse4 ,footnote #ag3 ,! ,briti% ,jews ( ,burton-/reet ,synagogue h expung$ f _! pray]s ! intol]ance "h compla9$ (4 ,footnote #ah3 ,see ,jo/'s ,ges*i*te1 vol4 i4 #gj & #aec4 ,no4 ,,xvii4 ,,rabb9ic ,,leg5ds ,,9 ,,! ,,synagogue ,,s]vices4 ,we h j consid]$ ! extraord9>y comm& ( ! oral law1 :i* provides1 t1 if ! read] 9 ! synagogue %\ld make a mi/ake 9 read+ ! pray]s1 ! congregation %all wait = him = an h\r3 except ! mi/ake occur 9 curs+ ! ,epicureans1 = !n1 8,he is n be wait$ =1 b let ano!r in/antly rise up 9 8 /ead1 = he is1 p]haps1 infect$ ) ,epicureanism40 ,! special notice ( ?is case is z hon\rable to ! ,jews z x is condemnatory ( ! oral law4 ,x w\ld appe> f ?is t su* mi/akes _h occurr$4 ,read]s 9 ! synagogues h sometimes /umbl$ & /amm]$ :5 ?y came to ?is fe>ful mal$iction4 ,& truly we are n surpris$1 if a man ( piety1 acqua9t$ ) ,god's ,^w1 %\ld be ov]:elm$ 9 publicly curs+ 8 fell[-m51 & be unable to br+ ! words ( imprecation ov] 8 lips4 ,! c>e :i* ! ,scribes took to legislate = su* an occurr5ce1 implies an hon\rable te/imony to ! good feel+ ( ! nation1 ?\gh x /rongly m>ks _! own intol]ance1 & =ms a /rik+ contra/ to ! _s inculcat$ 9 ! tea*+ ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,:5 8 disciples ask$ him to tea* !m to pray1 he taught !m a %ort =m2 b %ort z x 01 x conta9$ ! petition1 8,=give u our trespasses1 z we =give !m t trespass aga9/ u10 & 0 foll[$ by ?is admonition1 8,= if ye =give m5 _! trespasses1 y\r heav5ly ,fa!r w also =give y4 ,b if ye =give n m5 _! trespasses1 nei!r w y\r ,fa!r =give y\r trespasses40 7,matt4 vi4 #ad1 #ae47 ,! intol]ance :i* we h notic$1 proves suffici5tly t ! religi\s ideas ( ! oral law h n be5 drawn f ,moses & ! prophets2 & ?is w appe> /ill fur!r f ! absurd leg5ds :i* are allud$ to 9 ! pray]s ( ! synagogue1 z if !y 7 ackn[l$g$ v]ities4 ,9 ! ,liturgy = ! fea/ ( ,p5teco/1 :i* is n[ approa*+1 we f9d m ?an "o su* allusion1 to :i* we w\ld mo/ e>ne/ly call y\r att5tion4 ,& fir/ ( all1 ^? pray]s recognise ! leg5d ( ,levia?an & ,behemo?4 ,9 ! morn+ s]vice = t day ! ,jews repeat ! foll[+ words3-- 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 ,:i* ,d4 ,levi ?us translates3--8,he w c]ta9ly be/[ on u ! portion :i* he ha? promis$ u ( old4 ,! sport+ ( ,levia?an ) ! ox ( ! high m\nta9s1#ai :5 !y %all approa* ea* o!r & engage 9 battle4 ,) 8 horn he ?ru/s at ! mightie/ bea/s1 b ! ,levia?an w leap t[>ds him ) 8 f9s & great /r5g?4 ,8 ,creator w !n approa* him ) 8 great sword1 & w prep>e him = an ent]ta9m5t 7or a banquet7 = ! righte\s2 :o w be seat$ at a table =m$ ( jasp] & c>buncle1 ) a riv] ( balm fl[+ be=e !m4 ,:5 !y w delight !mselves & be satiat$ ) ! b[ls ( w9e prep>$ at ! creation1 & res]v$ 9 ! w9e-press40 ,9 ?is portion ( ! ,liturgy ( ! synagogue1 !re is a v pla9 ref]5ce to ! battle betwe5 ,behemo? & ,levia?an4 ,! felicity ( ! righte\s 9 ! _w to come is also describ$1 & a "p ( x is said to consi/ ( ! banquet :i* ,god w prep>e = !m f ! fle% ( ,levia?an1 :5 he %all h kill$ him4 ,x is true t ,d4 ,levi has ! foll[+ note on ?is banquet3 8,all ?is is to be und]/ood 9 a figurative s5se1 & by no means lit]ally1 z sev]al ,*ri/ian comm5tators h done1 & ?us ca/ undes]v$ reproa* on ! ,rabb9ical writ]s40 ,b he has nei!r giv5 u 8 au?ority1 nor 8 reasons = ?is ass]tion2 nor has he expla9$ ! mean+ ( ! figure4 ,we %\ld be glad to "k :at n9ety-n9e out ( e hundr$ ,jews und]/& :5 !y he> ?is read 9 ! synagogue4 ,:at d !y und]/& by ! "n ,behemo?8 ,:at by ,levia?an8 ,:at by ,god's kill+ him8 ,:at by prep>+ him z a banquet = ! righte\s8 ,b h[ev] ,jews 9 ! pres5t day may expla9 x away1 !re c be little d\bt h[ ! au?ors ( ?is hymn & ! ,jews ( old und]/ood x4 ,9 ! ,talmud we h ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ^! two great bea/s3-- 4 4 4 8,r4 ,judah said1 ,rav said1 ,ev]y?+ t ,god creat$ 9 ?is _w he creat$ male & female4 ,& ?us he did ) ,levia?an ! pi]c+ s]p5t1 & ,levia?an ! crook$ s]p5t1 he creat$ !m male & female4 ,b if !y _h be5 unit$1 !y w\ld h desolat$ ! entire _w4 ,:at1 !n1 did ! ,holy ,"o d8 ,he took away ! /r5g? ( ! male ,levia?an1 & slew ! female & salt$ h] = ! righte\s = ! "t to come1 = x is said1 #8,& he %all slay ! :ale 7or dragon7 t is 9 ! sea4' 7,isaiah xxvii4 #a47 ,9 l mann] ) reg>d to ,behemo? ^u a ?\s& m\nta9s1 he creat$ !m male & female1 b if !y _h be5 unit$ !y w\ld h desolat$ ! entire _w4 ,:at !n did ! ,holy ,"o d8 ,he took away ! /r5g? ( ! male ,behemo?1 & made ! female b>r51 & pres]v$ h] = ! righte\s = ! "t to come40--7,bava ,ba?ra1 fol4 #gd1 col4 #b47 ,9 ?is n>rative !re are no m>ks ( allegory4 ,! creation ( ! _w is n an allegory1 b a fact4 ,! creat+ ( liv+ creatures male & female is ano!r fact4 ,! weak5+ ( ! male & ! salt+ ( ! female to prev5t ! desolation ( ! _w1 does n look l a figure4 ,! ,jewi% comm5tators c]ta9ly take ! matt] v s]i\sly1 & speak ( ! creation ( ,levia?an1 n z ( an allegory1 b z ( a real occurr5ce4 ,?us ,r4 ,moses1 ! son ( ,na*man1 9 8 comm5t>y on ! words1 8,& ,god made great :ales10 aft] describ+ ! great size1 adds1-- 4 8,& our rabbies h said t #8! great :ales' mean ,levia?an & 8 mate1 = ,god creat$ !m male & female1 b slew ! female1 & salt$ h] = ! righte\s = ! "t to come3 & p]haps ?is is ! reason :y ! words1 #8,& x 0 s1' are n add$1 = !y 7! race ( ,levia?an7 did n cont9ue40 7,com4 9 ,g54 i4 #ba47 ,f ?is x is evid5t t ! fam\s rabbi knew no?+ ( an allegory1 = he makes ?is leg5d ! reason :y c]ta9 words us$ aft] ! o!r works ( creation are n "h appli$4 ,9 l mann] ,ab>banel speaks ( ?is same pair ( liv+ creatures z real1 & z possibly belong+ to ! class ( great :ales4 4 4 4 8,b if ! ,scripture class creep+ ?+s & fi% toge!r1 !n ?is v]se tells u t ,god creat$ v>i\s species1 = "s ( !m are great :ales1 z is said 9 ! #e? *apt] ( ,bava ,ba?ra1 #8,rabbah ,b> ,b> ,*anna says1 ,once ^u a "t we 7 sail+ 9 a %ip1 & we saw t fi% ^u ^: back ! s& rema9s & ru%es gr[2 we ?\ght x 0 t]ra firma1 & l&$1 & rema9$ !re & cook$4 ,b :5 ! fi%'s back grew w>m1 he turn$ r\nd1 & if ! %ip _h n be5 at h& we mu/ h be5 dr[n$4' ,!y t g d[n to ! sea 9 %ips 9 ! pres5t "t tell simil> /ories3 & p]haps ! ,levia?an & 8 mate1 m5tion$ by our rabbies1 belong$ to ?is species4 ,h[ev]1 ! philosoph]s ( ! *ildr5 ( our p attribute to ?is *apt] matt] deep] ?an philosophy1 b :i* we d n want 9 ?is place40 7,com4 9 ,g54 i4 #ba47 ,x is true t ,ab>banel "h di/9ctly admits ! exi/5ce ( my/]ies 9 t *apt] ( ! ,talmud4 ,b x is equally pla91 t he consid]$ ! ,levia?an1 m5tion$ by ! rabbies1 n z an allegory1 b a real creation2 & !re=e assign$ x to ! same class z ! wond]ful fi% se5 by ,b> ,b> ,*anna1 unless we take 8 words z a sly ins9uation1 t ! /ory ( ,levia?an is ab\t z true z t n>rat$ by ! v]aci\s rabbi4 ,^! two great rabbies1 !n1 did n take ! leg5d ( ,levia?an figuratively2 & we might add "s o!r simil> te/imonies1 b t ,behemo? also claims a %>e ( our att5tion1 & an inquiry into 8 nature w contribute evid5ce to ! same effect1 t ?is leg5d 0 n tak5 figuratively b lit]ally4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,d4 ,levi himself ref]s u to ,job xl4 #ae1 & !re we read1 8,behold n[ ,behemo?1 :i* ,i made ) !e2 he eate? grass l an ox40 ,"h !re c]ta9ly is no allegory4 ,! words speak ( a liv+ creature1 & s !y are int]pret$ by all ! ,jewi% comm5tators1 :om we h an opportunity ( consult+4 ,ralbag says-- 8,behemo? is an animal1 t is 8 "n40 7,com4 9 loc47 ,ab5 ,esra1 on ! words1 8,behold n[ ,behemo?1 :i* ,i made ) !e10 says-- 8,behemo? is ! "n ( a great bea/4 ,9 ! habitable _w !re is n a great] ?an x4 ,! reason :y ! words #8) !e' are add$1 is1 t x is a l& animal1 & at ! end he m5tions ,levia?an1 :i* is an animal ( ! sea4 ,b "s say ! mean+ ( #8) !e' is1 t ! bea/s 7 creat$ on ! same day ) ! fir/ ,adam2 b ?is int]pretation is aft] ! mann] ( a dra%40 7,ab5 ,esra 9 loc47 ,?is passage n only gives ,ab5 ,esra's op9ion z to ! real exi/5ce ( ,behemo?1 b %[s t o!r comm5tators1 to :om he alludes1 7 ( ! same m9d4 ,ra%i n only ass]ts ! exi/5ce1 b says pla9ly1 1 8,behemo?1 t is prep>$ = ! "t to come40 ,& aga91 9 8 comm5t>y on ,psalm l4 #aj1 he takes ! words 1 :i* we translate1 8,! cattle ^u a ?\s& hills10 z ref]r+ to 8,behemo? ^u a ?\s& hills10 & says-- 8,?is is he t is prep>$ = ! banquet ( ! "t to come1 = he eats up ! produce ( a ?\s& hills 9 "o day1 & e day !y gr[ aga940 ,! context ( ^! words evid5tly %[ t ,ra%i1 ! mo/ popul>1 & ! mo/ read ( all ! ,jewi% comm5tators1 look$ = a real1 n an allegorical1 fea/ ^u ! fle% ( ! ,levia?an & ,behemo?4 ,! prec$+ & foll[+ words speak n ( allegorical1 b ( real cattle & f[ls4 ,accord+ to ,ra%i1 ! :ole passage w\ld read ?us3--8,i w take no bullock out ( ?y h\se1 nor he-goats out ( ?y folds4 ,= e bea/ ( ! =e/ is m9e1 & ,behemo? ^u a ?\s& hills4 ,i "k all ! f[ls ( ! m\nta910 c4 ,"h1 !n1 ,behemo? is introduc$ among/ real animals all fit = food1 s t x is impossible to take x figuratively4 ,?is animal is also suitable 9 size = s great an ent]ta9m5t2 he consumes ! produce ( a ?\s& m\nta9s e day4 ,?is 0 also ! op9ion ( ,jona?an1 = 9 8 ,t>gum on ! fiftie? ,psalm he has p>aphras$ ! t5? v]se z foll[s3-- 8,= e bea/ ( ! wood is m9e1 & ,i h prep>$ = ! righte\s 9 ,p>adise pure cattle1 & ! wild ox1 t fe$s e day ^u a ?\s& m\nta9s40 ,all ^! te/imonies 7& _m m might be add$7 pla9ly prove1 t ! ,jews1 9 times pa/1 look$ = a real & sub/antial fea/ ^u ,levia?an & ,behemo?2 & :5 we rememb] t ! comm5t>y ( ,ra%i is ! fir/ t is put into ! h&s ( ! ,jewi% y\? all ov] ! _w1 & t x is g5]ally reg>d$ z almo/1 if n altoge!r1 inspir$1 x is easy to conclude :at is ! op9ion ( ! great majority ( ,jews1 ev5 9 ! pres5t day1 z to ?is ent]ta9m5t4 ,maimonides1 inde$1 d5ies t !re w be any eat+ & dr9k+ 9 ! _w to come4 ,he says-- 4 8,9 ! _w to come !re is nei!r body nor corporeality1 b only ! s\ls ( ! righte\s )\t a body1 l ! m9i/]+ angels4 ,s nei!r is !re eat+ & dr9k+40 7,hil*o? ,t'%uvah1 c4 viii4 #b47 ,b ?is is a solit>y op9ion1 z is evid5t f ! note on ! passage by ,abraham b5 ,dior1 :o says-- 8,! words ( ?is man are1 9 my eyes1 v ne> to ^? ( him :o says1 t !re is no resurrection to ! body1 b only to ! s\l2 & ,i sw>e by my life t ?is 0 n ! op9ion ( our wise m5 ( bless$ memory40 ,inde$ ,maimonides himself ackn[l$ges1 9 8 ,comm5t>y ^u ! ,mi%na1 t ! majority ( ! ,jews ?\ght v diff]5tly ( ! _w to come4 ,he !re enum]ates five classes ( op9ions1 among/ :i* "o is1 t at t "t ! e>? w br+ =? clo!s ready made1 & bread ready bak$2 b 9 e "o ( ! five1 good eat+ & dr9k+ is a ma9 article4 ,( ! fif? class he says-- 8,& ! fif? class 7& !y are num]\s7 include all ^! ?+s1 & say t ! great hope is1 t ,messiah %all come & raise ! dead1 & !y %all be ga!r$ into ,p>adise1 & !re %all eat & dr9k & be 9 good heal? to all et]nity40 7,sanh$r91 fol4 #aai1 col4 #a47 ,?is1 !n1 ,maimonides gives z ! g5]al expectation ( ! majority1 & ?is expectation exactly agrees ) ! above description ( ! fea/ to be prep>$ f ,levia?an & ,behemo?4 ,we h1 !re=e1 n only ! te/imony ( ! mo/ celebrat$ rabbies to prove t ?is fea/ is n allegorical b lit]al1 b we h ! /ill /rong] evid5ce ( ! g5]al expectations ( ! nation z enum]at$ by ,maimonides4 ,d4 ,levi ought1 !re=e1 to h said t he und]/ood x allegorically1 b we h se5 t ?is is n ! op9ion ( ! nation1 nor ( ! mo/ celebrat$ rabbies4 ,we are !re=e w>rant$ 9 say+ t ! pray]s ( ! synagogue n only consecrate ! intol]ance ( ! ,talmud1 b also /amp its absurd leg5ds ) au?ority4 ,x is surely n exce$+ ! b\nds ( sob]ness & mode/y to call ?is /ory ( ! battle betwe5 ,levia?an & ,behemo?1 & ! fea/ to be prep>$ ( _! fle%1 & ! salt meat ( ! female ,levia?an1 an absurd leg5d4 ,david ,levi evid5tly ?\ght x 0 su*1 & 0 !re=e glad to betake himself to allegory4 ,9 ! ,bible !re is n "o ^w ab\t ! kill+ or salt+ ( ! female ,levia?an1 nor ab\t ! capaci\s /oma* ( ,behemo?1 :i* requires a ?\s& m\nta9s daily to satisfy x4 ,?is is all ! pure inv5tion ( ! rabbles1 & we ask ! ,jews :e!r su* leg5ds =m fit subjects = ! pray]s or praises ( ! synagogue1 or :e!r !y c be acceptable 9 ! eyes ( ! ,god ( ,israel8 ,we d n mean to conceal ! fact1 t ,*ri/ian pray]-books may be f\nd ) leg5ds z fabul\s1 & z fooli%4 ,b !y are ! pray]-books ( =m] g5]ations1 or ( ^? :o /ill adh]e to traditions ( m54 ,) !m we h no?+ to d4 ,?ree hundr$ ye>s h n[ elaps$ s9ce our =efa!rs cle>$ out all su* follies4 ,b ! ,jewi% pray]-books /ill rema9 un*ang$1 & unless ! ,jews make "s vigor\s ef=t1 ! leg5d ( ,levia?an & ,behemo? w be read ) all solemnity 9 ! synagogues ( ,engl& at ! com+ ,fea/ ( ,p5teco/4 ,x is griev\s to ?9k t t nation :i* once held up ! tor* ( ,div9e tru? to enlight5 ! _w1 %\ld /ill abide 9 ! d>kness & sup]/itions ( ! ,talmud4 ,& yet ?is is1 beyond all d\bt1 ! condition ( ,israel1 s long z ! ,div9e au?ority ( ! ,talmud is recognis$ 9 _! public pray]s4 ,individuals may say1 t !y d n believe 9 its follies1 nor *]i% its intol]ance1 b ?is _c be said ( ! majority4 ,! synagogue1 9 its public wor%ip1 /ill pron\nces ! mal$ictions1 & recites ! leg5ds ( ! oral law1 & ?us decl>es1 9 ! mo/ solemn mann] t c be devis$1 t ! religion ( ! ,talmud is ! religion ( ! congregation4 ,a m]e confession ( fai? is no?+ to su* a decl>ation z ?is4 ,a man may trifle ) 8 fell[-m51 b s5tim5ts address$ to ,god 9 pray] or praise mu/ ju/ly be consid]$ z ! language ( ! he>t4 ,h[ diff]5t is ! doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!re all ^! mon/r\s fables are utt]ly reject$2 !re is n ev5 an allusion to !m4 ,mahomet1 confess$ly ! au?or ( a false religion1 has incorporat$ n a few ( ! ,talmudic leg5ds into ! ,koran4 ,b ! disciples ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ?\gh !y liv$ at a "t :5 ! patronis]s ( ^! fables _h p[]1 7 altoge!r pres]v$ f su* absurdity4 ,!y h transmitt$ no su* di/ort$ view ( ,god's deal+s 9 creation1 nor ( ! joys :i* he has prep>$ = 8 p 9 et]nity4 ,_! doctr9e is1 t1 8,kn[n unto ,god are all 8 works f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w40 7,acts xv4 #ah47 ,he is 8,! ,fa!r ( lights1 ) :om is no v>iabl5ess nor %ad[ ( turn+40 7,james i4 #ag47 ,!y also give u an acc\nt ( ! felicity ( ! bless$1 b a fea/ ^u ,levia?an or ,behemo? is n "o ( its features4 8,behold1 ! tab]nacle ( ,god is ) m51 & he w dwell ) !m1 & !y %all be 8 p1 & ,god himself %all be ) !m1 & be _! ,god4 ,& ,god %all wipe away all te>s f _! eyes2 & !re %all be no m dea?1 nei!r sorr[1 nor cry+2 nei!r %all !re be any m pa93 = ! =m] ?+s are pass$ away40 7,rev4 xxi4 #c1 #d47 8,belov$1 n[ are we ! sons ( ,god1 & x do? n yet appe> :at we %all be2 b we "k t1 :5 he %all appe>1 we %all be l him1 = we %all see him z he is40 7#a ,john iii4 #b47 ,^! are ! hopes & expectations :i* t body ( ,jews1 :o reject$ ! oral law1 h taught u to ent]ta9 & to *]i%4 ,yes1 bre?r5 ( ! h\se ( ,israel1 our hope is altoge!r ,jewi%4 ,we d n mean to *>ge ^u 8! peculi> p ( ,god0 ! folly ( ! ,talmud4 ,"s ( ! nation =sook ! pure ,^w ( ,god1 & adopt$ ! doctr9e ( an oral law4 ,! natural consequ5ce 01 t !y advanc$ gradually f>!r & f>!r 9 ! mazes ( error2 & !re all _! foll[]s cont9ue4 ,b we nev] =get t x 0 ano!r portion ( ! ,jewi% nation :i* taught u to wor%ip ! true & liv+ ,god4 ,our only wi% is1 t y w\ld =sake ,jewi% error1 & embrace ,jewi% tru?4 ,footnote #ai3 ,?is alludes to 4 ,see ,job xl4 #ae1 c4 ,d4 ,levi4 ,no4 ,,xviii4 ,,rabb9ic ,,leg5ds ,,cont9u$4 ,t ! traditions ( ! ,talmudi/s ab\nd ) ! mo/ absurd & incr$ible /ories1 is a matt] ( notoriety4 ,b :5 a ,talmudi/ is press$ ) any "o ( ^!1 z a pro( t ! oral law is n f ,god1 he has a ready answ]4 ,x is an allegory1 & conta9s ! mo/ pr(\nd & my/]i\s wisdom4 ,x w\ld be v easy to %[ f ! books pr9t$ 9 ,jewi%-,g]man1 = ! edification ( ! wom5 & ! unle>n$1 & :]e ! leg5ds are relat$ z und\bt$ matt] ( fact1 t ?is is a m]e evasion4 ,b we h o!r evid5ce t is indisputable4 ,! ,liturgy ( ! synagogue alludes to _m z to au!ntic hi/ory1 & we w\ld n believe any "o :o %\ld d>e to ass]t1 t ! ,rabb9i/s1 9 pray]1 utt] ) _! lips1 :at !y d n believe 9 _! he>t4 ,9 ! ,p5teco/ pray]s1 f :i* we h already quot$1 we f9d allusion to an anecdote record$ ( ,adam1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,:i* ,d4 ,levi ?us translates1 8,x 7! ,sabba?-day7 is ! end ( all "w above & b5ea?2 x is acc\nt$ ! sev5? among ! days2 ! fir/ convocation ( seasons2 holy to ! ,"l ( ho/s2 a glori\s holy ,sabba? to ^? :o re/ !reon2 x r$eem$ ! fir/ creat$ man f judgm5t2 he *ant$ a song1 & appeas$ ! wra? ( ,god40 7fol4 #ha47 ,"h two important circum/ances1 n m5tion$ by ,moses1 are allud$ to4 ,fir/1 t ! ,sabba? r$eem$ ,adam f judgm5t1 & secondly1 t 8 song appeas$ ! wra? ( ,god4 ,!y are f\nd 9 ! traditions ( ! rabbies at full l5g?1 & are relat$ z foll[s3-- 4 4 4 4 4 8,at ! sev5? h\r ( ! day1 on ! eve ( ! ,sabba?1 ! fir/ ,adam 0 introduc$ into ,p>adise2 & ! m9i/]+ angels 7 engag$ 9 laud+ & introduc+ him4 ,b betwe5 ! suns1 on ! eve ( ! ,sabba?1 he 0 driv5 out1 & w5t =?2 & ! m9i/]+ angels 7 call+ to him1 & say+1 #8,adam be+ 9 hon\r abide? n3 he is l ! bea/s t p]i%4' ,x is n writt51 #8l a bea/ t p]i%es1' b #8l ! bea/s t p]i%2' i4e41 !y bo?4 ,! ,sabba?-day came1 & became an advocate = ! fir/ ,adam4 ,x said be=e ,god1 ,"l ( ! _w1 9 ! six days ( ! creation1 no?+ 9 ! _w 0 kill$1 & wilt ?\ beg9 ) me8 ,is ?is my sanctification1 & is ?is my bless+1 z x is said1 #8,& ,god bless$ ! sev5? day1 & sanctifi$ x4' ,!re=e by ! m]it ( ! ,sabba?-day ,adam 0 deliv]$ f ! judgm5t ( hell2 & :5 ,adam saw ! p[] ( ! ,sabba?1 he said1 ,x 0 n = no?+1 t ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 bless$ & sanctifi$ x1 s he began s++ & *ant+ to ! ,sabba?-day1 z x is said1 #8,a psalm or song to or = ! ,sabba?-day4' 7,psalm xcii4 #a47 ,rabbi ,i%mael says1 ,?is psalm 0 said by ! fir/ ,adam1 b 0 =gott5 9 all ! g5]ations1 until ,moses came & re/or$ x40 7,pirke ,eleaz>1 fol4 #ac1 col4 #c47 ,! ,yalkut ,%imoni gives ! /ory sub/antially ! same1 except+ t :5 ,adam said1 8,a psalm or song to ! ,sabba?-day10 ! ,sabba? reprov$ him1 & said1 8,do/ ?\ s+ hymns to me8 ,come & let u bo? s+ hymns to ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 #8,x is a good ?+ to give ?anks unto ! ,"l4'0 7,ps4 xcii4 #a47 ,?is1 !n is ! /ory :i* ! pray]-book ( ! synagogue au!nticates1 by int]weav+1 9 its addresses to ! ,god ( ,israel1 ! above-quot$ words conc]n+ ! ,sabba?1 8,x r$eem$ ! fir/ creat$ man f judgm5t2 he *ant$ a song1 & appeas$ ! wra? ( ,god40 ,f fir/ to la/ x be>s ! pla9 m>ks ( m5dacity4 ,x misrepres5ts ! m]ciful "* ( ,god1 z if he w\ld h de/roy$ ,adam1 _h x n be5 ! ,sabba?-day4 ,x ascribes a c]ta9 degree ( m]it to ,adam1 :o _h be5 guilty ( ! mo/ inexcusable +ratitude to 8 ,div9e ,b5efactor4 ,& x directly contradicts ! n>rative ( ,moses1 :o ascribes ! m]cy v\*saf$ to ! spontane\s ov]-fl[+s ( ! grace ( ,god4 ,besides all ?is1 x is p]fectly ludicr\s to imag9e t ,adam1 j driv5 out ( ,p>adise = 8 disob$i5ce1 ) ! curse ( ! ,almighty re/+ ^u him1 goad$ by ! pangs ( a guilty consci5ce1 & 8 :ole frame und]go+ ! mighty transition f immortality to corruption--x is p]fectly ludicr\s to imag9e t he c\ld be 9 a fit mood to sit d[n & compose a poem4 ,inde$ ! rabbies !mselves h n left ?is /ory a fair appe>ance ( cr$ibility1 = on ! v same page ( ! ,yalkut1 :]e ?is orig9 ( ! n9ety-second ,psalm is describ$1 ano!r equally v]aci\s incid5t 9 ! life ( ,adam1 is assign$ z ! occasion ( its composition4 8,rabbi ,levi says1 ?is hymn 0 said by ! fir/ ,adam4 ,adam happ5$ to meet ,ca91 & said to him1 ,:at has be5 done 9 ! matt] ( ?y judgm5t8 ,he repli$1 ,i h rep5t$1 & be5 reconcil$4 ,adam began to /rike 8 =ehead ) 8 h&1 & said1 ,s great is ! p[] ( rep5tance1 & ,i did n "k x6 ,imm$iately ! fir/ ,adam /ood1 & said ?is ,psalm40 ,?us1 on ! %[+ ( ! traditions !mselves1 ?is leg5d1 =mally adapt$ 9 ! pray]s ( ! synagogue1 is a falsehood4 ,c ?is be acceptable wor%ip8 ,is x reasonable wor%ip8 ,is ! leg5d itself1 9 any ( its features1 wor?y ( t great p1 t receiv$ ! law ( ,god at ,s9ai8 ,?is is ! religion ( ! ,high-prie/s & ,ph>isees :o reject$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ?is ! wisdom ( ^? :o condemn$ ,him1 & t fully acc\nts = _! conduct4 ,m51 :o _h let loose _! imag9ations into ! regions ( romance & fiction1 7 n likely to love ! sob] tru? inculcat$ by ,jesus & 8 disciples4 ,_! appetites 7 vitiat$1 & !y 7 n satisfi$ ) ! unadorn$ n>rative ( ,moses4 ,!y _h lo/ all reli% = ! simple maje/y ( ! 8oracles ( ,god40 ,we appeal to ! native acut5ess1 & unsophi/icat$ feel+ ( e "r-m9d$ ,jew1 & ask :e!r x is n a melan*oly spectacle to behold ! wise m5 ( ,israel ?us trifl+ ) ! s9 ( ,adam1 t sad ev5t1 ! s\rce ( all our woes8 ,v diff]5t is ! tone 9 :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t speaks bo? ( x1 & ( ! m9d ( ,god 9 ref]5ce to x4 8,:]e=e1 z by "o man s9 ent]$ into ! _w1 & dea? by s92 & s dea? pass$ ^u all m51 = t all h s9n$3 = until ! law s9 0 9 ! _w2 b s9 is n imput$ :5 !re is no law4 ,nev]!less dea? reign$ f ,adam to ,moses1 ev5 ov] !m t _h n s9n$ aft] ! similitude ( ,adam's transgression1 :o is ! figure ( ,him t 0 to come4 ,b n z ! (f5ce1 s also is ! free gift4 ,= if ?r\gh ! (f5ce ( "o _m be dead1 mu* m ! grace ( ,god1 & ! gift by grace1 :i* is by "o man1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ha? ab\nd$ unto _m40 7,romans v4 #ab-ae47 ,b :atev] ! ,jews may ?9k ( ! ,new ,te/am5t repres5tation1 we h h %[n t _! ,liturgy conta9s an absurd leg5d1 borr[$ f tradition ages ago1 & :i* rema9s !re to ?is day4 ,b1 alas6 ! v next s5t5ce ( ! pray]1 f :im we h quot$1 conta9s two m4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8,x 7! ,sabba?7 is not$ z a sign & a witness betwe5 ! heav5ly ,fa!r & 8 *ildr53 obs]ve its removals1 z taught by ! wise m51 n to br+ out a load f )92 dea? is pron\nc$ aga9/ ^? t pr(ane x1 ei!r by excision or /on$ ) /ones2 by ! manna x 0 well kn[n unto !e 9 anci5t days1 = on ! ,sabba? t food did n desc5d2 ! necromanc]s 7 n answ]$ on x2 rememb] t on x ! incompreh5sible riv] re/e?40 ,among/ ! o!r hon\rs ( ! ,sabba?-day1 & ! o!r te/imonies to its sacr$ness1 ?is pray] rec\nts two miracles4 ,! "o1 t necromanc]s c\ld n br+ up ! dead on t day2 ! o!r1 ! weekly ,sabbat>ian re/ ( ! riv] ,sambation4 ,! fir/ ( ^! miracles has be5 left by ,d4 ,levi )\t notice or explanation4 ,he ?\ght1 p]haps1 t x w\ld n d 9 ,engli%4 ,b to ! second1 ! re/+ 8( ! incompreh5sible riv]0 he has atta*$ ! foll[+ note3-- 8,?is d5otes ! riv] 1 said to re/ on ! ,sabba? f ?r[+ up /ones1 c41 :i* x does all ! week4 ,see ,sanh$r91 fol4 lxv4 #b2 ,yalkut on ,isaiah1 fol4 lii4 #a2 ,pesikta1 ,tan*uma1 sect4 4 ,see also ,%al%ele? ,hakkabala1 & ,ju*s940 ,d4 ,levi himself ?us ackn[l$ges1 t no allegory is "h int5d$1 b t ! ,rabb9i/s d really believe t !re is a riv] t ?r[s up /ones all ! week1 & re/s on ! ,sabba?-day4 ,_m & v>i\s are ! acc\nts :i* ! rabbies give ( x1 b we %all conf9e ourselves to "o or o!r ( ,d4 ,levi's ref]5ces1 :i* also ?r[ light ^u ! subject ( ! necromanc]s4 4 4 8,turnus ,rufus1 ! wick$1 also propos$ ?is "q to ,r4 ,akiva1 say+1 ,:y is ! ,sabba?-day bett] ?an o!r days8 ,he repli$1 ,:y art ?\ great] ?an o!r m58 ,he answ]$1 ,s is ! w ( my ,ma/]4 ,! rabbi said1 ,s is x ) ! ,sabba?1 su* is ! w ( ,god4 ,turnus ,rufus said1 ,b ,i mean to say1 :o w prove to me t ?is day is ! ,sabba?-day8 ,! rabbi answ]$1 ,! riv] ,sambation w prove ?is2--a necromanc] w prove ?is2--! grave ( ?y fa!r w prove ?is1 = ! smoke is n made to asc5d f x on ! ,sabba?40 7,sanh$4 fol4 #fe1 col4 #b47 ,9 8 comm5t>y ^u ?is passage1 ,ra%i says ( ! ,sambation1 8,! ,sambation is a c]ta9 riv] ( /ones1 :i* rolls along all ! days ( ! week1 b on ! ,sabba?-day x is p]fectly /ill40 ,he also expla9s to u :at is meant by ! smoke n asc5d+ f ! grave on ! ,sabba?-day1 9 ! foll[+ note3 8,on all ! o!r days ( ! ye> a smoke 0 made to asc5d f ! grave ( ! fa!r ( ,turnus ,rufus1 = he 0 suff]+ ! judgm5t ( burn+1 b on ! ,sabba?-day1 ! s9n]s 9 hell h re/40 ,:e!r ,turnus ,rufus saw ! smoke or n1 ! ,talmud does n in=m u1 b ! ,b]e%i? ,rabba1 ano!r "w ( equal cr$ibility 9 su* matt]s ( fact1 tells ! /ory a little m at l5g?1 & in=ms u t he 0 n satisfi$ ) ! argum5t drawn f ! riv] ,sambation4 ,r4 ,akiva !re=e advis$ him to cite 8 fa!r f ! dead on ! ,sabba? & ! o!r days1 & t ?is exp]im5t w\ld conv9ce him4 ,to ?is ,turnus ,rufus cons5t$1 & ! results are describ$ 9 ! foll[+ words3-- 4 8,8 fa!r came up e day ( ! week1 b on ! ,sabba?-day he did n come up4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! week he br\ght him up aga91 & said to him1 ,fa!r1 ha/ ?\ be5 made a ,jew s9ce ?y dea?2 :y is x t ?\ come/ up on all ! o!r days ( ! week1 b n on ,sabba?8 ,he repli$1 ,:osoev] w n keep ! ,sabba? volunt>ily 9 y\r _w1 mu/ keep x "h 9 spite ( himself4 ,he !n said1 ,fa!r1 h y !n got "w on ! o!r days ( ! week1 & re/ on ! ,sabba?8 ,! fa!r repli$1 ,on ! o!r days ( ! week we are judg$1 b on ! ,sabba? we are at re/40 7,b]e%i? ,rabba1 fol4 #i1 col4 #d47 ,su* are ! leg5ds :i* ! ,jewi% ,pray]-book1 on ! solemn fea/ ( ,p5teco/1 /amps ) all ! au?ority ( au!ntic hi/ory4 ,is x necess>y to prove to ! ,jews ( ,engl& t bo? ^! /ories are utt]ly untrue8 ,is x necess>y to say1 t !re is n1 & nev] 01 su* a riv] z ! ,sambation8 ,)9 a c5tury ! _w has be5 explor$ 9 e direction4 ,f ,cooke to ,kotzebue ! globe has be5 _m times circumnavigat$1 b none has br\ght u any tid+s ( ! ,sambation4 ,s9ce ! times ( ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela1 & ,abraham ,p]itsol1 !re has be5 a ho/ ( adv5tur\s travell]s1 b none _h ! luck to behold ! miracul\s torr5t ( ! ,sambation4 ,9 ?is v city ,jews are occasionally f\nd f e "p ( ! _w1 b f ! banks ( ! ,sambation no mess5g] has yet arriv$4 ,! :ole acc\nt is a fiction1 & is unwor?y ( a place 9 ! pray]s ( ! ,jews ( ,engl&4 ,! same may be said ( ! necromanc]s1 :o obta9 no answ] on ! ,sabba?-day4 ,x is no?+ m ?an a clev] fiction4 ,by ! law ( ,moses necromancy is =bidd5 to ! ,jews1 & !re=e ! inv5tor well knew t no pi\s ,jew w\ld ev] make ! exp]im5t1 ei!r on ! ,sabba? or ! o!r days4 ,! /ory ( ,turnus ,rufus1 & 8 fa!r1 z told 9 ! ,b]e%i? ,rabba1 is pla9ly contr>y1 ev5 to ! ass]tions ( ! oral law itself4 ,! fa!r is made to say1 8,:osoev] w n keep ! ,sabba? volunt>ily 9 y\r _w1 mu/ keep x "h1 9 spite ( himself20 :i* implies t all1 :o d n keep ! ,jewi% ,sabba?1 mu/ be puni%$ 9 ! flames ( hell2 :]eas ! oral law says t ! obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? is n requir$ ( ! sons ( ,noah4 ,:5 ?is pray] 0 introduc$ into ! ,liturgy ( ! synagogue we "k n1 b !re x n[ /&s1 & 9 "o %ort p>agraph conta9s ?ree d[nright falsehoods4 ,david ,levi himself po9ts u to ,r4 ,akiva z ! au?or ( ! la/ two2 & accord+ly ! ,talmud records ! orig9al ref]5ce to ! bus9ess ( ! necromanc]s & ! riv] ,sambation1 z proce$+ f ! m\? ( t great ,rabbi4 ,?is br+s u back to ! "t imm$iately succe$+ ! rejection ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & %[s u ! sup]/ition & ! falsehood ( ^? :o reject$ him4 ,ei!r ,r4 ,akiva inv5t$ ^! ?+s himself1 & !n he is guilty ( delib]ate falsehood1 or he receiv$ ^! acc\nts f o!rs :o w5t be=e him1 & !n he 0 a sup]/iti\s man1 & ! guilt ( inv5t+ falsehood is ?r[n back on ! e>li] rabbies4 ,:at is to be ?\ght !n ( ! wisdom ( ^? m5 :o 7 weak en\gh to believe1 or wick$ en\gh to inv5t1 su* absurd fables8 ,yet ^! are ! m5 :o oppos$ ,*ri/ianity1 & ?is is ! sy/em :i* a l>ge portion ( ! ,jewi% nation has pref]r$ = #agjj ye>s4 ,t ! ,rabb9ical ,jews h firmly believ$ ^! leg5ds is pla94 ,!y occur 9 ! ,talmud1 ^: au?ority is reg>d$ z div9e4 ,!y are repeat$ by ,ra%i1 ,ramban1 ,be*ai1 & a :ole ho/ ( ! mo/ e/eem$ ,jewi% writ]s4 ,!y h =m$ a "p ( ! synagogue s]vice = c5turies1 & are /ill f\nd 9 ! ,pray]-books ( ! ,engli% ,jews1 to te/ify t !y are n yet emancipat$ f ! *a9s ( sup]/ition4 ,if !y _h be51 if any consid]able numb] ( ,jews _h be5 conv9c$ ( ! falsehood ( ^! /ories1 !y w\ld nev] h suff]$ !m to rema9 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god4 ,x is utt]ly impossible to suppose t m5 w\ld sanction ! solemn propagation ( falsehood1 & yet :5ev] ! ,p5teco/ pray]s are read or pr9t$1 !re ! fables ( ,behemo? & ,levia?an1 ,adam & ! ,sabba?1 ,turnus ,rufus & ! ,sambation1 are solemnly accr$it$ to ! _w z wor?y ( all belief & hon\r4 ,! fact t !y con/itute a "p ( a solemn address to ,almighty ,god1 & t n f an individual1 b f ! congregation ( ,israel1 gives !m a sanction t no?+ else c\ld conf]4 ,! =eign ,jew :o comes to ,engl& f "s c\ntry :]e !re is n s mu* light1 might1 if he f\nd su* fables /ruck out ( ! ,engli% synagogue s]vice1 obta9 a little light1 & g back to 8 c\ntrym5 ) ! news1 t ! enlight5$ ,engli% ,jews h reject$ all ^! absurdities2 & ?us ! moral emancipation ( ! nation might be prep>$ ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,b no2 ! sup]/iti\s ,talmudi/ f ,turkey1 or f ,b>b>y1 or ! ,nor?1 arrives 9 ,engl&1 goes to ! synagogue1 & f9ds ! same fables & ! same sup]/itions t he _h le>n$ 9 8 less fav\r$ native l&1 & returns z he came4 ,p]haps he takes ) him a copy ( ! synagogue pray]s1 pr9t$ 9 ,london1 & exhibits to 8 c\ntrym5 ,behemo? & ,levia?an1 ! necromanc]s & ! ,sambation1 adorn$ ) all ! beauty ( ,engli% pr9t+1 pap]1 & b9d+4 ,!re is surely a great & solemn responsibility re/+ on ^? ,israelites :o d n believe ^! fables1 to prote/ aga9/ _! admission into ! pray]s ( ! synagogue4 ,! hon\r ( ! nation1 ! welf>e ( _! bre?r51 & ! glory ( ,god1 all call = su* a public prote/ation4 ,! ,jewi% nation is a great & intellectual p1 highly gift$ by ,god ) ^? p[]s t adorn & dignify humanity4 ,b ?is is n ! e/imate =m$ by ! _w at l>ge4 ,:y n8 ,because ! _w at l>ge kn[s only ! fables & absurdities ( ! ,talmud1 b is ignorant ( ! real monum5ts ( ,jewi% g5ius4 ,:at c be said1 !n1 by an advocate = ! ,jews1 to "o :o holds ! ,jewi% m9d *eap8 ,all argum5ts w prove p[]less z long z ^! in/ances ( sup]/ition & folly are conta9$ 9 ! ,jewi% pray]s4 ,! objector w /ill po9t to !m1 & say1 ,if y want to "k :at m5 really believe1 d n look at _! controv]sial works1 or _! apologetic writ+s1 b exam9e _! ,pray]-book4 ,consid] n :at !y say to man1 b li/5 to :at !y say to ,god4 ,!re !y are s9c]e4 ,:at c we answ] to ?is argum5t8 ,c we say t all ! follies & intol]ance ( =m] g5]ations are expung$8 ,no2 :e!r f love or f li/lessness1 !re !y abide to ?is day4 ,b ! hon\r ( ! nation is b ( small weight comp>$ ) its spiritual & temporal prosp]ity4 ,! ,engli% ,jews might1 by eras+ all su* passages1 & ?or\ghly re=m+ _! ,pray]-book1 prove a bless+ to _! bre?r5 scatt]$ ?r\gh ! _w4 ,d ! intellig5t & enlight5$ "p ( ! nation really wi% to raise _! bre?r5 9 ! moral scale8 ,x mu/ be done by purify+ _! religi\s notions4 ,!re is an insep>able bond ( union betwe5 religion & moral virtue4 ,sup]/ition degrades & enfeebles ! m9d2 b zeal = ! glory ( ,god calls /ill m l\dly ^u e dev\t ,israelite to v9dicate ! hon\r ( t revelation :i* ,god consign$ to _! c>e1 & :i* is obscur$ by ^! fabul\s additions4 ,no4 ,,xix4 ,,leg5ds ,,9 ,,! ,,pray]s ,,= ,,p5teco/4 ,"o ( ! mo/ glori\s circum/ances 9 ! national hi/ory ( ,israel1 z well z "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y facts 9 ! records ( mank9d1 is ! desc5t ( ! ,"l ,god ^u ,m\nt ,s9ai to proclaim ! law4 ,glori\s x is = ,israel1 = nev] did nation he> ! voice ( ! ,"l1 speak+ out ( ! mid/ ( ! fire1 z ,israel he>d4 ,! display ( ,god's grace & fav\r is ! glory ( 8 p1 & "h !y 7 bo? display$ pre-em95tly4 ,! gr&eur & awfulness ( ! sc5e we _c n[ ent] ^u1 except to rem>k1 t ! gr&eur ( ! reality is equall$ by ! dignity ( ! n>rative1 :i* ,moses has left u 9 ! #ai? & #bj? *apt]s ( ,exodus4 ,none b an inspir$ hi/orian c\ld h treat$ an ev5t s hon\rable to 8 nation1 ) su* maje/ic simplicity4 ,! /yle & tone furni% an irresi/ible evid5ce to ! tru? ( ! relation4 ,& p]haps ?is evid5ce is mu* /r5g!n$ by ! contra/ pres5t$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! rabbies4 ,!re is no "p ( ! ,scripture hi/ory :i* !y h m amplifi$ by additions ( _! own2 z pla9ly /amp$ ) falsehood1 z ! o!r ) tru?4 ,we h "h a wide field be=e u1 b %all conf9e ourselves to ^? leg5ds :i* are au!nticat$ 9 ! synagogue pray]s = ! anniv]s>y ( t great ev5t4 ,9 ! morn+ s]vice = ! second day is f\nd an acc\nt ( ! giv+ ( ! law1 9 :i* ! foll[+ wond]ful passage occurs3-- 1 1 8,dread seiz$ ! holy ho/s1 :5 ?\ did/ turn ! m\nta9 ov] !m z a tub3 !y receiv$ ! pure law ) fe> & tremor40 7,d4 ,levi's ,p5teco/ ,pray]s1 fol4 #aej47 ,"h is a circum/ance 9 ! giv+ ( ! law1 :i* few read]s ( ! ,p5tateu* w rememb]4 ,all w grant t to see ,m\nt ,s9ai hang+ ov] !m1 l a tub or an ext+ui%]1 0 a v dreadful sight1 if x really happ5$4 ,b surely e reasonable ,israelite w inquire ^u :at evid5ce x re/s8 ,9 all ! previ\s hi/ory ,god appe>s z a m]ciful ,fa!r1 visit+ 8 *ildr5 9 _! affliction1 r$eem+ !m f bondage1 & exhibit+ miracle aft] miracle z _! safety or _! necessity requir$2 h[ is x1 !n1 t ,he appe>s s sudd5ly 9 ! "* ( a tyrant or a de/roy]1 ready to drop ! mighty m\nta9 ^u ! heads ( 8 p1 & cov] !m up = ev] "u ! rocky mass8 ,moses ?r[s no light ^u ! subject4 ,! oral law1 ! ,talmud1 mu/ expla9 ! my/]y4 1 8,& !y /ood at ! ne!r "p ( ! m\nta9 7or b5ea? ! m\nta974 7,exod4 xix4 #ag47 ,r4 ,avdimi1 ! son ( ,*ama1 ! son ( ,*asa1 says1 ,^! words tea* u t ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 turn$ ! m\nta9 ov] !m l a tub1 & said to !m1 ,if ye w receive ! law1 well2 b if n1 !re %all be y\r grave4 ,r4 ,a*a1 ! son ( ,r4 ,jacob1 says1 ,?is is a great confession = ! law40 7,%abba?1 fol4 #hh1 #a47 ,f ?is extract x appe>s t ! :ole f\ndation ( ! fable is a sort ( pun ^u ! words 1 8b5ea? ! m\nta910 or z ! ,engli% translators rightly h x1 8at ! ne!r port ( ! m\nta940 ,r4 ,avdimi ?\ght t ^! words meant1 z ,ra%i says1 1 8"u ! m\nta9 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! words40 ,b !n ! puzzle 01 h[ ! ,israelites got into t situation4 ,r4 ,abdimi's imag9ation suppli$ ! re/4 ,b 9 ! fir/ place1 ! ^w occurs (t5 en\gh 9 bo? ! s+ul> & plural1 b nev] has ?is signification4 ,9 ! second place1 ?is fable directly contradicts ! ,mosaic acc\nt4 ,god _h already s5t notice to in=m ! p ( ! giv+ ( ! law1 & !y _h repli$1 8,all t ! ,"l ha? spok5 we w d40 7,v]4 #h47 ,9 ! ?ird place1 if ! m\nta9 0 turn$ ov] !m l a tub1 h[ did ,moses get up to ! top1 & :at necessity 0 !re = ! comm&1 8,g d[n1 *>ge ! p1 le/ !y break ?r\gh80 c4 7,v]4 #ba47 ,& la/ly1 if ! law 0 =c$ ^u ! ,israelites contr>y to _! wi%1 _c !y make ?is an apology = disob$i5ce8 ,is n ?is :at ,r4 ,a*a1 ! son ( ,jacob1 actually does1 :5 he says1 8,?is is a great confession = ! law80 ,s at lea/ ,ra%i expla9s 8 words4 8,a great confession1 = if he call !m to judgm5t1 say+1 ,:y h ye n kept t :i* ye took ^u y\rselves1 !y h an answ]1 t !y 7 =c$ to receive x40 7,ra%i ,comm5t4 9 loc47 ,& ?is fable1 contr>y to ! n>rative ( ,moses1 d]ogatory to ! m]cy ( ,god1 & subv]sive to ! pr9ciple ( human responsibility1 ! rabbies h introduc$ into ! pray]s ( ! synagogue1 & !re x /ill /&s z an evid5ce ( ! abs5ce ( ,god's ,_s f ^? :o reject$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & impos$ ! oral law ^u ,israel4 ,b ?is want ( wisdom appe>s n only 9 ! nature ( ! additions :i* !y h made to ! ,^w ( ,god1 b also 9 ! conflict+ /atem5ts :i* ^! additions conta94 ,9 ! leg5d j giv5 ,israel is repres5t$ z hav+ be5 unwill+ to receive ! law1 & yet 9 ! morn+ s]vice = ! fir/ day ( ,p5teco/1 we h an allusion to ano!r leg5d1 :i* describes ! great rew>d be/[$ ^u !m1 because !y receiv$ x ) su* a ready m9d4 1 1 1 1 1 8,!y will+ly took ! yoke ( 8 law ^u !m1 & caus$ ! expression1 #8,we w d1' to prec$e1 #8,we w he>k52' be=e !y he>d x !y said1 #8,we w d1' & :i* 0 acc\nt$ = righte\sness to !m2 & !y 7 dignifi$ ) two cr[ns2 & r5d]$ awful ) ! sov]eignty ( ! prie/hood1 & ! ,levitical in/itution40 7,p5teco/ ,pray]s1 fol4 #hf47 ,at fir/ sight x w\ld appe> z if ?is 7 a m]e figurative expression to d5ote ei!r ! prie/hood & ! ,levitical in/itution1 or ! mon>*y & ! prie/hood4 ,b !n a difficulty occurs1 :y are only two cr[ns m5tion$8 ,e "o kn[s t 9 a figurative s5se ! oral law says t ,israel is cr[n$ ) ?ree cr[ns1 z x is said1 8,israel is cr[n$ ) ?ree cr[ns1 ! cr[n ( ! law1 & ! cr[n ( ! prie/hood1 & ! cr[n ( ! k+dom40 7,hil*o? ,talmud ,torah1 *ap4 iii4 #a47 ,:y !n does ?is pray] only m5tion two8 ,x is because x ref]s to a totally diff]5t circum/ance4 ,! numb] ( ! cr[ns1 & ! reason assign$ = _! be/[al1 8because !y caus$ ! expression #8,we w d1' to prec$e #8,we w he>k51'0 bo? id5tify ! allusion z be+ made to ! foll[+ ,talmudic leg5d3-- 8,9 ! h\r :5 ,israel caus$1 #8,we w d1' to prec$e #8,we w he>k51' !re came six hundr$ ?\s& m9i/]+ angels1 "o to ea* ,israelite1 & inve/$ him ) two cr[ns1 "o answ]+ to #8,we w d2' & ! second answ]+ to #8,we w he>k54' ,b :5 ,israel s9n$1 !re desc5d$ twelve hundr$ ?\s& evil angels1 & took !m away3 z x is said1 #8,! *ildr5 ( ,israel /ripp$ !mselves 7or 7 /ripp$7 ( _! ornam5ts by ! m\nt ,horeb4'0 7,ex4 xxxiii4 #f47 7,%abba?1 fol4 #hh1 #a47 ,"h1 !n1 is no allegory1 no allusion to ! allegorical cr[ns ( ,israel1 b a n>rative ( a suppos$ fact1 :i* occurr$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ea* ( ! six hundr$ ?\s& ,israelites :o w5t =? f ,egypt4 ,! comm5t>y 9 ! ,talmud evid5tly treats ?is z a grave & au!ntic hi/ory1 = x tells u ! mat]ial ( :i* ! cr[ns 7 compos$4 8,! two cr[ns 7 cr[ns ( glory1 !re=e1 :5 ,moses wore !m ! sk9 ( 8 face %one40 ,f ?is x is evid5t t ! ,rabb9i/s consid]$ ?is leg5d to be z au!ntic z ! fact record$ 9 ! ,bible 7,exod4 xxxiv4 #cj71 t ! sk9 ( ,moses' face %one4 ,!y 7 n satisfi$ ) ! hon\r conf]r$ ^u ,moses1 b 7 l$1 by a va+lori\s feel+1 to ext5d x to e individual ,israelite1 & to add :at is n said ( ,moses1 b :at increases ! m>vell\sness ( ! n>rative1 t six hundr$ ?\s& angels desc5d$ = ! purpose ( cr[n+ ,israel1 & t twice t numb] 0 necess>y = ! removal ( ! cr[ns once conf]r$4 ,b h[ does ?is /ory agree ) ! =m]8 ,if ! ,israelites 7 compell$ to receive ! law aga9/ _! w1 by ! t]rors ( ! m\nta9 hang+ ov] _! heads1 :at great m]it 0 !re to des]ve ^! two cr[ns8 ,if ! ,israelites 7 s will+1 & receiv$ su* a glori\s rew>d1 :at necessity 0 !re = turn+ ! m\nta9 ov] !m l a tub8 ,^! /ories are inconsi/5t 9 !mselves1 )\t f\ndation 9 ! ,^w ( ,god1 & are !re=e unwor?y ( a place 9 ! pray]s ( ,israel4 ,b ?is pray] has o!r p>ticul>s equally wond]ful1 to :i* we proce$4 ,a s5t5ce or two f>!r on1 ?is pray] describes ! effect :i* ! deliv]y ( ! t5 comm&m5ts produc$ ^u ,israel4 1 1 8,:5 he spoke ! fir/ ^w1 8 _w 0 t]rifi$1 & :5 !y he>d two comm&m5ts1 !y mov$ backw>d ! space ( tw5ty-f\r miles40 7,p5teco/ ,pray]s1 fol4 #hg47 ,to und]/& ?is1 we mu/ aga9 ref] to ! ,talmud1 :i* gives u ! p>ticul>s4 8,rabbi ,jo%ua1 ! son ( ,levi1 says1 z ea* comm&m5t proce$$ f ! m\? ( ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 ,israel retreat$ twelve miles1 & ! m9i/]+ angels l$ !m back1 z x is said1 #8! angels ( ! ho/ did flee apace4' 7,ps4 lxviii4 #ac47 ,d n read #8!y fl$2' b 1 #8!y l$4'0 7,%abba?1 fol4 #hh1 #b47 ,9 ?is %ort passage we h two delib]ate alt]ations ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 9 ord] to squ>e x ) ?is absurd tradition4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 8,k+s ( ho/s0 is *ang$ into 8angels ( ho/s10 & 9 ! second place1 8,!y fl$10 is *ang$ into 8!y l$40 ,^! alt]ations d ( !mselves ?r[ discr$it ^u ! /ory :i* requires !m1 & n only ^u ?is /ory1 b ^u ! :ole oral law1 :i* all[s su* trifl+ ) ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,b our bus9ess is at pres5t ) ! leg5d1 & z x is told a little m circum/antially 9 ! ,jalkut1 x w be well to give t v]sion ( x also4 8#8,!y remov$ & /ood af> (f' 7,exod4 xx4 #ah7--;a di/ance ( twelve miles4 ,?is %[s u t ,israel retreat$ backw>ds twelve miles1 & !n advanc$ =w>ds twelve miles1 altoge!r tw5ty-f\r miles1 z ea* comm&m5t 0 deliv]$4 ,?us !y travell$ 9 t day two hundr$ & =ty miles4 ,at t "t ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 said to ! m9i/]+ angels1 ,desc5d & help y\r bre?r51 = x is said1 #8,! ,k+s ( ho/s did lead1 did lead4' 7,ps4 lxviii4 #ac47 ,t is1 !y l$ :5 !y w5t1 & !y l$ !m :5 !y return$40 7,jalkut ,%imoni1 "p i4 fol4 #ec1 #a47 ,x is h>dly ne$ful to po9t out ! absurdity ( ?is n>ration4 ,j ?9k ( ! ,israelites runn+ away twelve miles1 :5 !y he>d a comm&m5t1 & !n br\ght back aga91 & !n runn+ away aga94 ,h[ unlike ! simple & dignifi$ n>rative :i* ,moses has left6 ,we ask e intellig5t ,israelite :at he ?9ks8 ,is ?is /ory a falsehood8 ,if s1 :y is x left 9 ! pray]s ( ! synagogue8 ,if x /ood alone1 we might suppose t by "s ov]sight or o!r x _h crept 91 b we h already notic$ _m l x1 & ! v next s5t5ce ( ?is same pray] conta9s ano!r4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,:5 he came d[n to speak to ! immortal p1 ! p ( ! _w 7 mov$1 dread seiz$ !m1 & trembl+ laid hold on !m2 pa9 tr\bl$ !m z a woman 9 travail3 !y 7 %ak5 & di/urb$1 & _! %ad[ dep>t$ f !m2 !y all came to ,kemuel1 to div9e ) _! errone\s div9ations1 & ask$ him1 ,:at is ?is t ha? happ5$ to ! _w8 ,p]haps ! _w is ?is day to return to its *aos40 ,! prec$+ /ory told u :at happ5$ to ,israel1 ! allusion 9 ?is s5t5ce tells u ( ! t]ror :i* came ^u ! ,g5tiles2 b to und]/& ! allusion1 we mu/ aga9 ref] to ! ,talmud4 1 1 1 8#8,& ,je?ro ! prie/ ( ,midian he>d4' 7,exod4 xviii4 #a47 ,:at 0 x t he he>d :i* induc$ him to come & be a proselyte8 ,r4 ,jo%ua says1 he he>d ( ! w> ) ,amalek1 = imm$iately be=e x is writt51 #8,& ,jo%ua discomfit$ ,amalek & 8 p ) ! edge ( 8 sword4' 7,exod4 xvii4 #ac47 ,r4 ,eliez]1 ! ,modite1 says1 he he>d ! giv+ ( ! law1 = :5 ! law 0 giv5 to ,israel1 8 voice w5t f "o end ( ! _w to ! o!r1 & all ! nations ( ! _w 7 seiz$ ) trembl+ 9 _! temples1 & !y repeat$ a hymn1 z x is said1 #8,9 8 temple do? e "o speak ( 8 glory4' 7,psalm xxix4 #i47 ,!y ga!r$ !mselves toge!r to ,baalam ! wick$1 & said to him1 ,:at is ! voice ( ! tumult :i* we h he>d8 ,p]haps a flood is com+ ^u ! _w4 ,he repli$1 #8,! ,"l sitte? ^u ! flood2 yea1 ! ,"l sitte? ,k+ = ev]4' 7,v]se #aj47 ,! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 has sworn long s9ce t ,he w n br+ a flood ^u ! _w4 ,!y repli$1 ,he w n br+ a flood ( wat]s1 b ,he w br+ a flood ( fire6 = x is said1 #8,by fire w ! ,"l plead4' 7,isaiah lxvi4 #af47 ,he answ]$ !m1 ,he has sworn long s9ce t he w n de/roy all fle%4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! voice ( ! tumult :i* we h he>d8 ,he said to !m1 ,god has _h a mo/ desirable good 9 ! h\se ( 8 treasures1 :i* has be5 treasur$ up ) him = n9e hundr$ & sev5ty-f\r g5]ations be=e ! creation ( ! _w1 & he n[ seeks to give x to 8 *ildr51 = x is said1 #8,! ,"l w give /r5g? to 8 p4' ,!n !y all began & said1 #8,! ,"l w bless 8 p ) peace4'0 7,ps4 xxix4 #aa47 7,zeva*91 fol4 #aaf1 #a47 ,?is is ! fable to :i* y\r pray]s ref]1 & :i* all ,israel ?r\gh\t ! _w is taught to believe1 & to commemorate 9 ! solemn act ( public wor%ip4 ,t x is a m]e fable is v easy to prove4 ,fir/1 x contradicts ! n>rative giv5 by ,moses4 ,?is fable says t ! trem5d\s noise made at ! giv+ ( ! law1 br\ght ,je?ro to ,moses--t ?is 0 :at he he>d4 ,b if y w read ! :ole v]se1 f :i* ! ,talmud quotes a few words1 y w f9d t !re 0 no occasion = ask+ :at ,je?ro he>d1 = ,moses himself expressly tells u :at he he>d1 & :y he came4 8,:5 ,je?ro1 ! prie/ ( ,midian1 ,moses' fa!r-9-law1 he>d ( all t ,god _h done = ,moses1 & = ,israel 8 p1 & t ! ,"l _h br\ght ,israel out ( ,egypt1 !n ,je?ro10 c4 7,exodus xviii4 #a-e47 ,if y w read ! :ole *apt]1 y w f9d t ,je?ro 0 come & gone be=e ! law 0 giv51 & consequ5tly be=e ! trem5d\s noise 0 made2 s t x is c]ta9ly false t ?is 0 ! cause ( 8 com+4 ,secondly1 t all ! nations he>d ! voice ( ,god is false1 = x also contradicts ! language ( ,moses1 :o makes x ! peculi> privilege ( ,israel1 t !y alone he>d ! voice4 8,did ev] p he> ! voice ( ,god speak+ out ( ! mid/ ( ! fire1 z ?\ ha/ he>d1 & live80 7,deut4 iv4 #cc47 ,la/ly1 ?is /ory is palpably absurd4 ,! ,talmud repres5ts ,balaam & 8 ,g5tile contempor>ies quot+ ,scripture l two rabbies1 & t1 hundr$s ( ye>s be=e ! portions :i* !y quote 7 writt56 ,!y bo? quote ! #bi? ,psalm1 a ,psalm ( ,david1 ab\t #ejj ye>s be=e he 0 born1 & ! ,g5tiles quote ! #ff? ( ,isaiah above #gjj ye>s be=e x 0 writt56 ,& y\r rabbies h n be5 cont5t to keep ?is absurd & fooli% /ory 9 ! ,talmud1 b h ins]t$ x 9 ! pray]s = ! solemn fe/ival ( ,p5teco/4 ,accord+ to ^! pray]s1 y are taught to believe t1 at ! giv+ ( ! law1 ,god turn$ ,m\nt ,s9ai ov] ! p ( ,israel l a tub1 & compell$ !m to receive ! law aga9/ _! w2 & yet t1 = _! ready ob$i5ce1 six hundr$ ?\s& angels 7 s5t d[n to cr[n ea* man ) two cr[ns4 ,y are taught to believe t :5 ! comm&m5ts 7 giv51 ,israel walk$ backw>ds & =w>ds two hundr$ & =ty miles4 ,& t ! voice ( ,god 0 s l\d t x 0 he>d by all ! nations ( ! _w1 :o all w5t to ,balaam1 & all knew & quot$ ! ,psalms & ! prophets1 c5turies be=e !y 7 writt54 ,?is is :at y h got by foll[+ ! oral law4 ,x is 9 va9 = y to say t y d n believe ^! ?+s--!re !y /& 9 y\r ,pray]-book4 ,if y d n believe !m1 :y d y leave !m !re8 ,b :atev] individuals may say1 x is evid5t t ! compil]s ( ! ,jewi% ,liturgy he>tily believ$ e ^w ( !m1 & !re=e introduc$ !m into _! pray]s4 ,& x is equally c]ta9 t1 :]ev] ! ,talmud ma9ta9s its au?ority1 ^! fables =m "p ( ! fai? ( ,israel4 ,b "s w say1 ,we d n believe !m4 ,:y n2 ,d y disbelieve !m because !y are true8 ,no1 b because !y are false4 ,!n y confess t ! oral law conta9s d[nright palpable falsehoods1 & t 9 _m ( its n>rations x is n wor?y ( cr$5ce4 ,( :at value1 !n1 is ! oral law1 & :at cr$it c we give to ! au?ors ( x1 :o did n scruple to inv5t ^! fooli% /ories8 ,no4 ,,xx4 ,,leg5ds ,,9 ,,! ,,pray]s ,,= ,,p5teco/4 ,ne>ly eighte5 c5turies h n[ elaps$ s9ce a l>ge portion ( ! ,jewi% nation delib]ately *ose ,rabb9ism 9 pref]5ce to ,*ri/ianity4 ,! great "q betwe5 ,jews & ,*ri/ians is1 :e!r ^? p]sons made a "r *oice4 ,! means ( answ]+ ! "q are )9 our rea*4 ,! oral law exi/s1 diffus$ ?r\gh ! volumes ( ! ,talmud1 & compress$ 9 ! pray]s ( ! synagogue4 ,!re we c look = x1 & judge ( its _s & its intr9sic excell5ce & evid5ce4 ,! ,rabb9i/s say1 t ! oral law 0 giv5 to ,moses on ,m\nt ,s9ai1 & t ! oral law :i* !y n[ possess1 is id5tically ! same z t !n receiv$2 & !y appeal 9 pro( ( ?is ass]tion to ! cont9uity ( its transmission f fa!r to son d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,! ,*ri/ian objects t ?is oral law is full ( fables4 ,! ,talmudi/ replies by mak+ a di/9ction betwe5 ! ! laws & ! ,agadah1 or leg5d>y "p3 & ! ,*ri/ian is satisfi$ or sil5c$ until he op5s ! ,jewi% ,pray]-book1 & f9ds t ! mo/ absurd & improbable ( all ! ,talmudic leg5ds are !re recognis$ z und\bt$ v]ities1 & integral p>ts ( mod]n ,judaism4 ,_m ( ^!1 & suffici5t to annihilate all claims :i* ! oral law c make to tru?1 h be5 exam9$1 b z ?is "p ( ! subject is important1 two m mu/ be consid]$ be=e we c at pres5t take leave ( !m4 ,9 ! s5t5ce imm$iately foll[+ our la/ extract f ! ,jewi% pray]s we read z foll[s3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,:i* ,d4 ,levi ?us translates1 8,& e g5]ation1 & its gov]nors t exi/$ be=e !m1 & ^? t rose aft] !m1 7 all plac$ at ,m\nt ,s9ai ) !m1 to let !m "k1 t ! intellig5t g5]ation 0 m acceptable ?an !m2 to make !m und]/& good judgm5t & k3 !re 0 no blemi% 9 !m1 = !y 7 entirely p]fect40 7,p5teco/ ,pray]s1 p4 #hg47 ,! assembl+ ( ! liv+ nation ( ,israel1 to he> ! voice ( ! ,creator1 0 n gr& en\gh = ! rabbies1 !y h !re=e add$ t ! s\ls ( all ! unborn g5]ations 7 pres5t to he> & receive ! law4 ,! comp>ison ( ?is tradition ) "s already consid]$ sugge/s sev]al int]e/+ topics = inquiry4 ,= in/ance1 :e!r ^! s\ls 7 "u ! m\nta9 or n :5 x 0 turn$ ov] !m--:e!r !y p]=m$ ! j\rney ( two hundr$ & =ty miles backw>ds & =w>ds at ! giv+ ( ! t5 comm&m5ts1 c48 ,b ! au?ority1 :i* ?is tradition conf]s on ! oral law1 dem&s our m imm$iate att5tion1 & is p>ticul>ly manife/ 9 t v]sion ( ! /ory1 :i* is f\nd 9 ,m$ra% ,rabba4 1 1 1 1 1 1 8#8,& ,god spake all ^! words1 say+4' 7,exod4 xx4 #a47 ,r4 ,isaac says1 t all ^? ?+s1 :i* ! prophets 7 to prophesy 9 e g5]ation1 !y receiv$ f ,m\nt ,s9ai1 = s ,moses says to ,israel1 #8,b ) him t /&e? "h ) u ?is day1 & also ) him t is n "h ) u ?is day4' 7,deut4 xxix4 #ae47 ,"h 9 ! latt] clause1 x is n said1 #8,t /&e? ) u ?is day1' b #8,) him t is n "h ) u ?is day4' ,^! are ! s\ls t 7 to be creat$1 :o _h no corporeal exi/5ce1 & ( :om !re=e x c\ld n be said !y /ood !re4 ,b al?\gh !y did n exi/ 9 t h\r1 e "o ( !m receiv$ 8 own1 & s x is writt51 #8,! burd5 ( ! ,^w ( ! ,"l to ,israel 9 ! h& ( ,mala*i4' 7,mai4 i4 #a47 ,"h x is n said 9 ! days ( ,mala*i1 b 9 ! h& ( ,mala*i1 = ?is prophecy _h be5 long s9ce 9 8 h&1 ev5 f ,m\nt ,s9ai3 b up to t "t p]mission _h n be5 giv5 him to prophesy4 ,9 l mann] ,isaiah says1 #8,f ! "t t x 01 !re am ,i4' 7,isaiah xlviii4 #af47 ,isaiah means to say1 ,f ! day t ! law 0 giv5 !re 0 ,i1 & ,i receiv$ ?is prophecy1 only #8,n[ ! ,"l ,god & ,8 ,_s ha? s5t me2' t is1 until !n p]mission _h n be5 giv5 him to prophesy4 ,b x 0 n ! prophets only :o receiv$ _! prophecy f ,s9ai1 b also ! wise m5 9 e g5]ation1 ea* "o ( !m receiv$ 8 own f ,s9ai1 & s x is said1 #8,^! words ! ,"l spake unto all y\r congregation4' 7,deut4 v4 #bb470 7,%emo? ,rabba ,p>a%ah1 #bh47 ,! object ( ?is fable is v pla91 x is to clo! ! rabbies ) infallible au?ority4 ,x is "h ass]t$ t ! rabbies ( e g5]ation 7 all pres5t at ! giv+ ( ! law1 & ea* receiv$ imm$iately f ,s9ai ^? legal decisions & doctr9es :i* he 0 to communicate to ! _w1 & consequ5tly e ?+1 t a rabbi tea*es1 is infallibly "r & true1 & z au?oritative z ! words ( ,moses & ! prophets1 = 8,god spake all ^! words10 z ?is leg5d int]prets ?is v]se4 ,! rabbies ( e g5]ation are includ$1 s t1 accord+ to ?is tradition ! wise m5 ( ,israel1 ev5 9 ?is deg5]ate "t1 /ill deliv] infallible in/ructions :i* !y receiv$ m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago f ! m\? ( ,god himself4 ,b ?is fable av]s too mu*4 ,if all ,israel 0 pres5t at ,s9ai1 & ea* individual1 :e!r prophet1 or rabbi1 or layman1 receiv$ ! law at t "t1 :at use 0 !re 9 ! transmission f fa!r to son1 f ! "t ( ,moses d[n to u8 ,nay1 m1 :at use is !re 9 tea*+ at all1 = e man !n receiv$ 8 own8 ,nay1 fur!r1 :at use is ! writt5 law1 = if e man 0 taught at ,s9ai1 !re is no ne$ = him to read & le>n n[8 ,b ?is is a matt] :i* e ,israelite c decide = himself4 ,let him ask himself1 h[ mu* he rememb]s ( ?is wond]ful ev5t 9 8 exi/5ce1 8 pres5tation at ,s9ai1 & 8 reception ( ! law f ! ,"l himself4 ,! ,scripture pro(s :i* are "h giv5 are evid5tly no?+ to ! purpose4 ,! fir/ pro( is1 8,god spake all ^! words1 say+40 7,exod4 xx4 #a47 ,b e "o :o w take ! tr\ble ( read+ ! *apt] w see1 t 8all ^! words0 _c apply to ! prophecies1 nor to ! decisions ( ! rabbies1 b to ! t5 comm&m5ts & to !m only4 ,s f> f deliv]+ all ! decisions & comm5ts s9ce taught by ! rabbies1 ,god spake only ! t5 comm&m5ts to ! p1 & :5 !y he>d ^!1 8!y said unto ,moses1 ,speak ?\ ) u & we w he>2 b let n ,god speak ) u1 le/ we die40 7,v]se #ai47 ,to say1 !re=e1 t ,god's speak+ 8all ^! words0 includes ! :ole oral law & all ! rabb9ical comm5ts1 is gross p]v]sion ( ! text1 & direct contradiction ( ,moses' acc\nt4 ,! next & mo/ usual v]se adduc$ to prove ?is fable is ,deut4 xxix4 #ad1 #ae1 :]e x is said1 8,nei!r ) y only d ,i make ?is cov5ant & oa?2 b ) him t /&e? "h ) u ?is day1 be=e ! ,"l our ,god1 & also ) him t is n "h ) u ?is day40 ,b ?is v]se pla9ly proves ! contr>y1 t ! o!r g5]ations ( ,israel 7 !re 9 no s5se :atev]4 ,! ,hebrew words are z /rong z !y c be4 ,^? ) :om ! cov5ant is made are divid$ into two classes1 8,him t /&e? "h10 & 8,him t is n "h40 ,if ! ^w /&e? _h be5 repeat$1 if ! v]se said1 8,) him t /&e? "h1 & ) him t /&e? n "h10 !re might h be5 "s col\r = ?is fable3 ! rabbies might h urg$ t ?\gh ! unborn g5]ations did n /& !re1 !y /ood some:]e else2 b ! pres5t word+ ( ! v]se utt]ly excludes all possibility ( exi/5ce1 ei!r corporeal or incorporeal4 8,) him t is n "h1 0 %[s t !y 7 !re 9 no s5se4 ,! pro( tak5 f ,mala*i1 8,! burd5 ( ! ^w ( ! ,"l to ,israel 9 ! h& ( ,mala*i10 is nons5se4 ,e "o1 t kn[s any?+ ( ,hebrew1 kn[s t signifies 8by10 8by means (40 ,b ev5 tak5 lit]ally1 x w n prove t ,mala*i 0 at ,s9ai2 !re is no?+ 9 ! words to in=m u :5 ,mala*i receiv$ ! prophecy4 ,! pro( f ,isaiah is m unhappy /ill4 ,! :ole context %[s t x is ,god :o speaks 9 t v]se1 & n ! prophet4 ,inde$ we might ask1 if ,isaiah _h already receiv$ all 8 prophecies at ,s9ai1 :at 0 ! use ( ! vision ( ! ,"l sitt+ ^u 8 ?rone1 & ! commission :i* is !re giv58 7,isai4 vi47 ,& s we might ask conc]n+ mo/ ( ! prophets4 ,! case ( ,samuel is "h p>ticul>ly wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,accord+ to ! above tradition cit$ 9 ! ,jewi% pray]s1 ,samuel _h be5 at ,s9ai1 & !re receiv$ all t he 0 to deliv] dur+ 8 sublun>y exi/5ce4 ,& yet :5 ! ^w ( ! ,"l came to him1 he did n recognise ! ,div9e call1 & ?ree times w5t to ,eli1 & x 0 ,eli :o at la/ told him t x 0 ,god4 ,n[ h[ is ?is writt5 hi/ory to be reconcil$ ) ! above tradition8 ,! tradition says t ,samuel _h he>d ! voice ( ,god at ,s9ai1 t !re all ! prophetic words :i* he 0 ev] to deliv] 7 made kn[n to him1 & yet ! ,bible says1 8,n[ ,samuel did n yet "k ! ,"l1 nei!r 0 ! ^w ( ! ,"l yet reveal$ unto him40 7#a ,sam4 iii4 #g47 ,! la/ pro(1 tak5 f ,deut4 v4 #bb1 if consid]$ 9 its context1 also proves ! contr>y4 ,! tradition quotes only a "p ( ! v]se1 8,^! words ! ,"l spake unto all y\r congregations20 b if y read on y w f9d1 8,& he add$ no m10 :i* words pla9ly limit ! fir/ s5t5ce to ! t5 comm&m5ts4 ,?is tradition1 !n1 z be+ contr>y to ,scripture1 to ! law ( ,moses1 is a falsehood1 & is !re=e unwor?y ( a place 9 ! pray]s ( t p1 :om ,god select$ f all ! nations ( ! e>? to be 8 witnesses1 & ! depositories ( 8 tru?4 ,b ?is tradition is objectionable n only z a fable1 ?\gh t is a v /rong objection to any ?+ propos$ z an article ( fai?1 b on acc\nt ( ! purpose :i* x 0 int5d$ to s]ve4 ,x 0 inv5t$ = ! purpose ( /r5g!n+ ! spiritual tyranny ( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees ov] ! m9ds ( ! p4 ,x is n !re=e m]ely an errone\s int]pretation ( ,scripture1 nor ! dream ( a fanatic imag9ation1 b ! delib]ate inv5tion ( m5 :o knew :at !y 7 ab\t1 & _h an object :i* !y 7 endeav\r+ to compass1 & = ! atta9m5t ( :i* !y did n /ick at delib]ate falsehood4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 too wise to conf9e all ! advantages ( ?is appe>ance at ,s9ai to !mselves2 !y ass]t$ t ! :ole p ( ,israel obta9$ an advantage :i* makes !m sup]ior to all o!r nations4 ,! pray] :i* we h quot$ above alludes to ?is1 :5 x says1 8,!re 0 no blemi% 9 !m1 = !y 7 all entirely p]fect40 ,?is s5t5ce r puzzles an ord9>y read] ( ! ,bible1 :o ?9ks ( ! conduct & "* ( ,israel z !re describ$2 ! ,talmud1 h[ev]1 helps u to und]/& ?is eulogy3-- 1 1 1 8,:y are ! ,g5tiles defil$8 ,because !y did n /& ^u ,m\nt ,s9ai1 = 9 ! h\r t ! s]p5t came to ,eve1 he communicat$ a defilem5t1 :i* 0 tak5 away f ,israel :5 !y /ood on ,m\nt ,s9ai3 b ! defilem5t ( ! ,g5tiles 0 n remov$1 z !y did n /& on ,s9ai4 ,rav ,a*a1 ! son ( ,rabba1 said to ,rav ,a%ai1 h[1 !n1 does x f>e ) proselytes8 ,he repli$1 al?\gh !y w5t n !re1 _! good =tune 7or />7 0 !re1 z x is writt51 #8,) him t /&e? "h ) u ?is day1 be=e ! ,"l our ,god1 & also ) him t is n "h ) u ?is day4' 7,deut4 xxix4 #ae470 7,%abba?4 fol4 #ade1 col4 #b1 at ! bottom ( ! page47 ,! comm5t>y on ?is passage quotes /ill fur!r p>ticul>s f ,siphri1 & says-- 1 8,all t /ood on ,m\nt ,s9ai 7 sanctifi$ & purifi$1 & 7 heal$ f e blemi%1 ev5 ! bl9d & ! lame t !n happ5$ to be 9 ,israel1 z is taught 9 ,siphri40 ,9 ?is "p ( ! fable ! inv5tors ( ! oral law endeav\r to flatt] ! vanity ( ! ,israelites1 & ?us to engage _! affections 9 behalf ( t tradition :i* 0 to secure _! own p[]4 ,! ,scribes und]/ood well ! deceitfulness ( ! human he>t1 & knew t m5 love to he> & are ready to believe any ?+ t t5ds to _! own p]sonal aggr&izem5t4 ,b 9 ?us flatt]+ ! p1 !y 7 turn+ _! backs ^u t example :i* ,moses set !m2 & contradict+ ! :ole curr5t ( ,scripture te/imony4 ,moses & ! prophets1 z ! s]vants ( ,god1 told ! p ( _! s9s & _! evil de$s1 t !y might rep5t & be sav$4 ,_! object 0 n to secure popul> fav\r1 nor to advance _! own selfi% purposes2 !y !re=e c\ld af=d to be hone/ & to speak tru?4 ,! inv5tors ( ! oral law1 on ! contr>y1 7 endeav\r+ to erect a fabric ( p]sonal hon\r & p[]3 !y 7 !re=e oblig$ to address !mselves to ! weak side ( ! human he>t2 & 9 do+ s1 7 compell$ to run c\nt] to ! pla9e/ decl>ations ( ,god's ,^w4 ,all m5 & e nation l to be told t !y are sup]ior to ! re/ ( ! _w1 & are di/+ui%$ by moral end[m5ts f ! mass ( mank9d4 ,! inv5tors ( ! oral law1 !re=e1 told ,israel t !y 7 f> elevat$ above all o!r nations1 = !y _h be5 cleans$ at ,s9ai f t innate defilem5t :i* /ill contam9ates all ! re/ ( ! *ildr5 ( m54 ,b is ?is true--is ?is :at ,moses & ! prophets say8 ,moses says1 8,und]/&1 !re=e1 t ! ,"l ?y ,god give? !e n ?is good l& to possess x = ?y righte\sness3 = ?\ art a /iff-neck$ p40 8,ye h be5 rebelli\s aga9/ ! ,"l f ! day t ,i knew y40 7,deut4 ix4 #f1 #bd47 ,isaiah says ( ,israel1 8,f ! sole ( ! foot ev5 unto ! head !re is no s\ndness 9 x1 b w\nds1 & bruises1 & putrify+ sores40 8,ah6 s9ful nation6--a p lad5 ) iniquity2 a se$ ( evil-do]s--*ildr5 t are corrupt]s40 7,isaiah i4 #d-f47 ,& aga9 he says1 8,woe is me1 = ,i am undone3 because ,i am a man ( unclean lips1 & ,i dwell 9 ! mid/ ( a p ( unclean lips40 7,isaiah vi4 #e47 ,j]emiah says1 8,c ! ,e?iopian *ange 8 sk9 & ! leop>d 8 spots8 ,!n may ye also d good t are accu/om$ to d evil40 7,j]4 xiii4 #bc47 ,& aga91 8,all ^! nations are uncircumcis$1 & all ! h\se ( ,israel are uncircumcis$ 9 ! he>t40 7,j]4 ix4 #bf47 ,! ,"l himself says to ,ezekiel1 8,son ( man1 ,i s5d !e to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 to a rebelli\s nation t ha? rebell$ aga9/ me3 !y & _! fa!rs h transgress$ aga9/ me to ?is v day4 ,= !y are impud5t *ildr5 & /iff-he>t$40 7,ezek4 ii4 #c1 #d47 ,& aga91 8,?\ art n s5t to a p ( a /range spee* & ( an h>d language1 b to ! h\se ( ,israel3 n to _m p ( a /range spee* & ( an h>d language1 ^: words ?\ can/ n und]/&2 surely _h ,i s5t !e to !m1 !y w\ld h he>k5$ unto !e4 ,b ! h\se ( ,israel w n he>k5 unto !e3 = !y w n he>k5 unto me2 = all ! h\se ( ,israel are impud5t & h>d-he>t$40 7,ezek4 iii4 #d1 #g1 c47 ,we d n quote ^! passages to %[ t ! ,g5tiles h a m fav\r$ con/itution ( moral nature4 ,f> f x2 9 read+ ^! acc\nts giv5 by ! prophets1 we recognise ! features ( our own picture4 ,f> be x f u to glory2 we cite ^! passages to %[ y h[ mis]ably y\r oral law endeav\rs to bl9d & delude y by flatt]+ y\r vanity4 ,x tells y t y h be5 purg$ f e /a92 ,moses & ! prophets tea* y ! tru?--t y are j l ! o!r sons ( m51 & h no moral sup]iority or advantage :atev]4 ,we wi% to po9t out to y h[ ! sy/em ( rabb9ism is diametrically oppos$ to ,moses & ! prophets1 & above all1 to impress ^u y t ! au?ors ( ?is oral law are n wor?y or y\r confid5ce1 = !y h1 = _! own private int]e/s1 inv5t$ n>ratives & doctr9es :i* contradict t ,^w ( ,god1 :i* ought to be ,israel's glory4 ,we wi% to %[ y h[ c]ta9 pr9ciples ( evil p]vade e "p ( t sy/em1 n ev5 except+ ^? pray]s :i* are (f]$ up 9 ! public wor%ip ( ,god4 ,!re ^! fables also occur1 & we ask e ,israelite :o loves ! law ( ,moses or hopes 9 ! promises ( ,god by ! prophets1 h[ he c consci5ti\sly /& by 9 ! synagogue & he> ! words ( ,moses & ! prophets op5ly contradict$8 ,h[ c he rema9 sil5t :5 ! read] decl>es ( ,israel t !re is no blemi% 9 !m1 = !y are all entirely p]fect1 :5 he kn[s & feels t he & all 8 bre?r5 are j z frail1 z s9ful1 & z imp]fect z ! o!r sons ( m58 ,h[ c !y expect ! return ( ,god's fav\r to _! nation s long z ^! fictions are made a "p ( public wor%ip8 ,moses tea*es v diff]5t doctr9e4 ,he says1 8,if !y %all confess _! iniquity1 & ! iniquity ( _! fa!rs1 ) _! trespass :i* !y h trespass$ aga9/ me1 & t also !y h walk$ contr>y unto me2 & t ,i also h walk$ contr>y unto !m1 & h br\ght !m into ! l& ( _! enemies3 if !n _! uncircumcis$ he>ts be humbl$1 & !y !n accept ( ! puni%m5t ( _! iniquity3 !n w ,i rememb] my cov5ant ) ,jacob1 & also my cov5ant ) ,isaac1 & also my cov5ant ) ,abraham w ,i rememb]3 & ,i w rememb] ! l&40 7,levit4 xxvi4 #dj-db47 ,"h ,moses makes a conviction & ackn[l$gm5t ( guilt1 an indisp5sable prelim9>y to ! return ( ,god's fav\r to ! nation4 ,israel mu/ feel t1 s f> f be+ cleans$ f all impurity1 _! he>t is uncircumcis$1 & ?is uncircumcis$ he>t mu/ be humbl$2 b h[ is ?is possible1 s long z ! oral law & ! pray]s ( ! synagogue tea* t ! ,israelites are ! mo/ righte\s ( mank9d1 because !y receiv$ ! law1 :i* ! o!r nations reject$--& ! mo/ pure1 or r ! only pure1 ( mank9d1 inasmu* z !y 7 cleans$ f e ta9t at ,s9ai8 ,^! doctr9es h>d5 ! he>t aga9/ true humility1 prev5t true rep5tance1 & !reby ret>d ! happ9ess & ! glory ( ,israel4 ,no4 ,,xxi4 ,,leg5ds ,,9 ,,! ,,pray]s ,,= ,,p5teco/4 ,if ,moses or ! prophets _h any :]e record$1 t ,god _h1 along ) ! writt5 law also giv5 an oral law1 our duty w\ld !n be to f9d out :]e x is3 & to inquire :e!r t oral law1 :i* n[ =ms ! key/one ( mod]n ,judaism1 is ! "o :i* 0 giv5 by ,god4 ,b nei!r ,moses nor any o!r prophet has said "o ^w on ! subject4 ,! words 8oral law0 are no :]e to be f\nd 9 ! ,bible1 nor is !re any m5tion ( ! ?+ itself4 ,if ! ,bible _h pla9ly allud$ to ! exi/5ce ( ! ?+1 we %\ld n qu>rel ab\t ! "n1 :i* might h be5 inv5t$ = ! sake ( brevity & conv5i5ce4 ,b x is rem>kable t :5 ,moses comm&$ ! law to be read publicly 9 ! e>s ( all ! p1 he says n a syllable ab\t ! oral explanation1 :i* if x exi/$ mu/ at lea/ h be5 ( equal importance2 & /ill m s t ! succe$+ prophets %\ld h obs]v$ su* a pr(\nd sil5ce ab\t t1 :i* n[ con/itutes ! ma9 sub/ance ( ,israel's religion1 & is ! key to ! obs]vances & pray]s ( ! synagogue4 ,?is sil5ce is 9 itself suspici\s1 & compels u to exam9e ! evid5ce ( its transmission4 ,! fir/ /ep "h is to asc]ta9 ! "* ( ! witnesses1 :o say t !y receiv$ ! oral law f _! fa!rs & transmitt$ x to _! po/]ity4 ,if x appe> t1 9 _! g5]al te/imony1 !y 7 dis9t]e/$ & tru?-lov+ p]sons1 :o h nev] be5 convict$ ( di/ort+ tru? = _! private advantage1 nor ( receiv+ & circulat+ fables z au!ntic hi/ory1 _! te/imony 9 ?is p>ticul> matt] w be ( consid]able value4 ,b if x c be prov$ t ei!r f a delib]ate desire to deceive1 or f an incapacity to weigh evid5ce & to di/+ui% betwe5 fact & fiction1 !y h transmitt$ a huge mass ( fooli% fables z au!ntic hi/ory1 !n _! te/imony is wor? no?+1 & ! /ory ( an oral law hav+ no o!r evid5ce mu/ be class$ among/ ! o!r fables :i* h come d[n to u on _! au?ority4 ,t ! acc\nt ( ! giv+ & transmission ( ! oral law re/s solely & exclusively on ! te/imony ( ! rabbies is cle> f ! acc\nt itself1 z x is f\nd 9 ! ,jad ,ha*asaka4 1 1 1 4 8,all ! comm&m5ts :i* 7 giv5 to ,moses 7 giv5 ) _! explanation1 = x is said1 #8,i w give !e ! tables ( /one & ! law & ! comm&m5t4' 7,exod4 xxiv4 #ab47 #8,! law1' ?is is ! writt5 law1 #8,& ! comm&m5t1' ?is is ! explanation !re(4 ,& he has comm&$ to fulfil #8! law' accord+ to #8! comm&m5t4' ,& ! comm&m5t is t :i* is call$ ,! oral law40 ,truly ! rabbies mu/ h be5 h>d set :5 !y *ose ?is passage to prove ! exi/5ce ( an oral law4 ,! ke5 & cle> m9d ( ! sagaci\s ,rambam evid5tly felt ! difficulty2 he1 !re=e1 to give "s plausibility to ! pro(1 omitt$ ! conclud+ "p ( ! s5t5ce :i* he quotes f ! ,bible4 ,he says1 8,z x is writt5 #8,i w give !e tables ( /one & ! law & ! comm&m5t1'0 & !re he /ops1 b let e ,israelite op5 8 ,p5tateu* & read ! rema9d]1 & he w f9d ! :ole s5t5ce to be ?is1 8,i w give !e tables ( /one1 & ! law & ! comm&m5t :i* ,i h writt51 to tea* !m40 ,n "o ^w "h ab\t an oral law1 b ab\t t :i* ,god _h writt54 ,x is true t ! passage ( ! ,talmud f :i* ,rambam d]iv$ ?is doctr9e gives ! :ole passage1 b x appe>s f ! process ( abbreviation :i* he has appli$1 z if he 7 a%am$ ( ! explanation !re giv5 & ?\ght x m prud5t to omit x4 ,b z x is "o ( ! ma9 passages :i* support ! doctr9e ( an oral law1 x mu/ be consid]$4 1 8,r4 ,levi b> ,*ama says1 ,r4 ,simon b5 ,laki% says1 :at is t t is writt5 #8,i w give !e tables ( /one1 & ! law & ! comm&m5t :i* ,i h writt5 to tea* !m8' #8,! tables' are ! t5 comm&m5ts4 #8,! law' is ! writt5 law4 #8,! comm&m5t' is ! ,mi%na4 #8,:i* ,i h writt5' means ! prophets & sacr$ writ+s4 #8,to tea* !m' means ! ,gem>a4 ,x tea*es u t !y 7 all giv5 to ,moses f ,s9ai40 7,b]a*o?1 fol4 #e1 col4 #a47 ,c any man ( common und]/&+ receive ?is int]pretation1 :i* ?r[s all gramm> & context to ! w9ds1 & gravely ass]ts t n only ! law & its explanation1 b ! prophets & ! :ole ,talmud1 7 giv5 to ,moses at ,s9ai8 ,w he give up 8 own reason & ! ^w ( ! liv+ ,god to ! au?ority ( ,r4 ,simon b5 ,laki%8 ,!re _c possibly be any argum5t :i* w\ld prove ! falsehood ( ! n>rative conc]n+ ! oral law s completely z ?is int]pretation1 :i* is reg>d$ z "o ( its ma9 f\ndations4 ,! words ( ,moses :i* are "h p]v]t$ pla9ly speak ( t :i* ,god _h writt54 8,i w give !e tables ( /one1 & ! law & ! comm&m5t :i* ,i h writt5 to tea* !m40 ,did ,god write ! oral law1 & give x to ,moses8 ,:at became ( x !n8 ,if x 0 writt51 h[ did x become oral8 ,^! words 8,:i* ,i h writt510 h sadly puzzl$ ! rabb9ical comm5tators1 :o "k n h[ to reconcile ! pla9 & obvi\s s5se ( ! words1 ) t int]pretation :i* _h be5 already put ^u !m 9 ! ,talmud4 ,ra%i seem$ to ?9k t ! difficulty might be got ov] by say+-- 8,all ! six hundr$ & ?irte5 comm&m5ts are compreh5d$ 9 ! t5 comm&m5ts40 7,com4 9 ,exod4 xxiv4 #ab47 ,b ?is1 ?\gh true 9 "o s5se1 w n obviate ! difficulty4 ,god promises to give ,moses ! law & ! comm&m5t :i* he _h writt54 ,if ! oral law _h n be5 writt51 x 0 n includ$4 ,saadiah ,gaon1 z quot$ by ,ab5 ,ezra1 proposes ano!r solution3-- 8,! ,gaon says t ! words1 #8,:i* ,i h writt51' are to be connect$ ) #8,! tables ( /one1' & n ) #8,! law & ! comm&m5t1' = ,god wrote only ! t5 words40 ,b un=tunately ,moses has s connect$ !m1 & we h no w>rant = rev]s+ 8 ord]4 ,ab5 ,ezra himself1 aft] giv+ ! ,talmudic exposition1 gives x z 8 own op9ion1 t ^! words ref] to ! t5 comm&m5ts4 ,he says-- 8,b 9 my op9ion1 #8,! law' ref]s to ! fir/ & fif? comm&m5t2 & #8,! comm&m5t' to ! o!r eight40 7,ab5 ,ezra1 ,com4 9 loc47 ,?is is ab\t ! tru?4 ,god gave ,moses ! law & ! comm&m5t :i* he _h writt52 b z ,saadiah admits1 ,god wrote only ! t5 words1 !re=e ! t5 words are ! same z 8! law & ! comm&m5ts40 ,"s w say !re is tautology "h1 t :5 ,god says1 8,i w give !e tables ( /one10 he means ! t5 comm&m5ts1 & t !re=e ! additional promise 8( ! law & ! comm&m5t0 is only an unnecess>y repetition4 ,b ?is is n true4 ,by 8tables ( /one10 ,god meant tables ( /one4 ,he might h giv5 to ,moses ! t5 comm&m5ts )\t giv+ him /one tables1 or he might h giv5 him ! tables ( /one )\t giv+ him ! t5 words2 b z he int5d$ to give him bo?1 ,he says1 8,i w give !e tables ( /one1 & ! law1 & ! comm&m5t40 ,nei!r is !re any difficulty 9 ! circum/ance t ^! t5 words are call$ bo? 8law & comm&m5t40 ,inasmu* z !y 7 a revelation ( ,god's w1 !y are ju/ly d5om9at$ 8law10 2 & z !y 7 propos$ z a rule ( life1 ob$i5ce to :i* 0 requir$1 !y are entitl$1 8,! comm&m5t40 ,! simple mean+1 !re=e1 is1 t ,god promises to give ! t5 comm&m5ts :i* he _h writt54 ,e ?+ else1 & !re=e ! oral law1 is exclud$4 ,?is passage1 !re=e1 gives no support to ! doctr9e t ,moses receiv$ an oral z well z a writt5 law on ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,inde$1 ! desp]ate p]v]sion to :i* ?is text has be5 subject$1 ?r[s discr$it ^u ! :ole2 & ! necessity = su* p]v]sion %[s t !re 0 no pla9 text 9 ! writ+s ( ,moses1 to :i* ! inv5tors ( ! oral law c\ld appeal4 ,! au?ority1 !n ( ! oral law mu/ re/ altoge!r ^u ! "* ( ^? witnesses :o h&$ x d[n4 ,b ?is is a v s&y f\ndation1 = we h already se5 t ^! m5 7 guilty ( inv5t+ or propagat+ ! mo/ absurd fables2 _! te/imony1 !re=e1 is ( no value4 ,?is has be5 prov$ abundantly already2 b !re is "o /ory = :i* we _h n room 9 our la/ numb]1 & :i*1 z be+ imm$iately connect$ ) ! giv+ ( ! law1 mu/ n[ be consid]$4 ,l ! o!rs1 x comes be=e u au!nticat$ by its introduction into ! pray]s ( ! synagogue1 9 :i* ! foll[+ pla9 allusion is made3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,:5 he call$ ! mess5g] 7,moses7 & made him asc5d to heav51 & appo9t$ him z ! ?ird p]son betwe5 him & 8 p1 & caus$ him to approa* & /& 9 ! ?ick d>kness1 & spake to him face to face1 & rays /ream$ f 8 h& to him1 ! angels 7 mov$1 & ru%$ t[>ds him2 & 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,creator !y spake1 say+ ?us to him1 ,:at is man t ?\ %\lde/ exalt him8 & :]e=e make su* an acc\nt ( him z to br+ him up to our place & cause him to inh]it ! delightful possession 7! law780 7,p5teco/ ,pray]s1 fol4 #hh47 ,"h x is pla9ly said1 t ! angels remon/rat$ ) ,god at ! fav\r %[n to ,moses4 ,?is circum/ance is n to be f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,moses1 b x is record$ 9 ! ,talmud1 & ! p>ticul>s are ?us giv53-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,9 ! h\r :5 ,moses asc5d$ up on high1 ! m9i/]+ angels said be=e ,god1 ,o ,"l ( ! _w1 :at bus9ess has he t is born ( a woman among/ u8 ,he repli$1 ,he is come to receive ! law4 ,!y answ]$1 ,?is mo/ desirable treasure1 :i* has be5 treasur$ up f ! six days ( creation1 six hundr$ & sev5ty-f\r g5]ations be=e ! _w 0 creat$1 do/ ?\ n[ wi% to give x to fle% & blood--:at is man t ?\ art m9dful ( him1 & ! son ( man t ?\ visite/ him8 ,o ,"l1 our ,"l1 h[ excell5t is ?y "n 9 all ! e>?1 :o ha/ set ?y glory above ! heav5s4 ,! ,holy ,"o said to ,moses1 ,give !m an answ]4 ,he repli$1 ,o ,"l ( ! _w1 ,i am afraid1 le/ !y burn me ) ! brea? ( _! m\?4 ,he said1 ,lay hold on ! ?rone ( my glory & give !m an answ]1 = x is said1 #8,he t holde? ! face ( 8 ?rone1 he spreade? 8 cl\d ov] him4' 7,job xxvi4 #h1 #i47 ,rabbi ,nahum says1 ,?is tea*es u t ! ,almighty spread "s ( ! glory ( ! ,%e*9ah & 8 cl\d ov] him4 ,he !n said1 ,"l ( ! _w1 :at is writt5 9 ! law t ?\ art ab\t to give me8 #8,i am ! ,"l ?y ,god t br\ght !e out ( ,egypt4' ,he !n said1 ,did ye ev] g d[n into ,egypt & s]ve ,ph>aoh--:y1 !n1 %\ld ye h ! law8 ,aga91 :at is writt5 !re98 #8,?\ %alt h none o!r ,god4' ,he !n ask$ !m1 ,d ye !n dwell among/ ! uncircumcis$1 t ye %\ld commit idolatry8 ,aga91 :at is writt58 #8,rememb] ! ,sabba?-day to sanctify x4' ,d ye1 !n1 d any "w1 s z to ne$ re/8 ,aga91 :at is writt58 #8,?\ %alt n take ! "n ( ! ,"l1' c4 ,h ye1 !n1 any bus9ess t w\ld lead to ?is s98 ,aga91 :at is writt58 #8,hon\r ?y fa!r & "m4' ,h ye1 !n1 got any fa!r & "m8 ,aga91 :at is writt58 #8,?\ %alt n kill1 ?\ %alt n commit adult]y1 ?\ %alt n /eal4' ,h ye1 !n1 got envy or ! lead+ pr9ciple t w\ld lead to ^! s9s8 ,imm$iately !y prais$ ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he10 c4 7,%abba?1 fol4 #hh1 col4 #b1 c47 ,x is n necess>y to prove t ?is acc\nt is a fiction4 ,! absurdity ( ! :ole sc5e is too palpable4 ,to :at purpose %\ld ! angels wi% = ! law ( ,moses1 or be envi\s ( m5 to :om x 0 giv58 ,is x possible t ! spirits t m9i/] be=e ! ?rone ( ,god1 7 n able to see ! unsuitabl5ess ( ! law = !m1 until ,moses po9t$ x out to _! consid]ation8 ,we ?9k t if ?is sc5e _h ev] tak5 place1 ,moses might h giv5 !m o!r passages ( ! law mu* m to ! purpose2 b x is pla9ly a fable inv5t$ by ! design+1 & propagat$ by ! cr$ul\s4 ,^! two /ories !n1 t ,moses receiv$ ! oral law1 & t he disput$ ) ! angels 9 heav51 come to u ^u "o au?ority2 !y are bo? circum/ances 9 "o ev5t2 & ! fabul\sness ( ! "o takes away all cr$it f ! o!r4 ,! oral law re/s solely ^u ! te/imony ( its transmitt]s1 b "h ^! p]sons are convict$ ( transmitt+ palpable falsehood3 _! te/imony to ! oral law is !re=e useless1 & ! :ole fabric ( tradition falls4 ,?is "o fable is suffici5t1 b ! read]s w rememb] t ?is is only "o ( a consid]able numb] select$ f ! ,jewi% ,pray]-book4 ,to extract all simil> /ories f ! ,talmud w\ld be to make "s folio volumes4 ,! ,pray]-book1 h[ev]1 gives en\gh to invalidate ! te/imony ( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 & to incapacitate !m = ev] f appe>+ z witnesses4 ,p]haps "s "o w say1 ,b !y are also ! witnesses = ! writt5 law1 & !re=e1 if we reject _! te/imony1 we mu/ give up ! writt5 law also4 ,b ?is is n s4 ,= t we h o!r te/imony--we h t ( ! ,jewi% nation1 ( :i* ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees 7 at fir/ only an inconsid]able portion4 ,we h ! te/imony ( ,jesus & 8 disciples1 ! great oppos]s ( ! oral law4 ,we h ! te/imony ( ! pr$ictions1 :i* we behold /ill accompli%+4 ,we h ! :ole int]nal evid5ce1 s t if !re nev] _h be5 ,ph>isees1 ! evid5ce = ! writt5 law w\ld be j z valid4 ,z x is1 ! contra/ :i* ! writt5 law pres5ts1 :5 comp>$ ) ! oral law1 furni%es 9 itself a /rong evid5ce ( its tru? & au!nticity4 ,! writt5 law is simple1 sob]1 dignifi$4 ,! oral law is multif>i\s1 extravagant1 absurd4 ,! oral law is poison--! writt5 law is ! antidote4 ,! oral law is a c\nt]feit1 :i* proves ! exi/5ce ( ! g5u9e co94 ,m5 :o receive bo? on ! sole au?ority ( ! rabbies may1 :5 !y f9d ! falsehood ( ! "o1 reject ! o!r also1 b ?is c nev] be ! case ) ^? :o calmly comp>e & weigh ! two 9 ! balance ( "r reason4 ,we n[ dismiss ^! ,talmudic fables = ! pres5t4 ,we h prov$ by in/ances t ! oral law ab\nds ) su*4 ,we h prov$ by extracts f ! ,pray]s ( ! synagogue1 t ^! fables =m a "p ( ! fai? ( all rabb9ical ,jews4 ,we h1 !re=e1 prov$ t ! inv5tors ( ^! fables atta9$ _! object4 ,!y h succe$$ 9 deceiv+ ! great majority ( _! c\ntrym54 ,x is = ! ,jews ( ! pres5t day to consid] :e!r ^! extravagant fictions are /ill to be h&$ d[n to unborn g5]ations--/ill to appe> z a reproa* ^u ,israel's und]/&+--/ill to disfigure & di%on\r ! public wor%ip ( ! *os5 p4 ,=m] g5]ations may h h&$ !m d[n 9 ignorance1 & be !re=e p>tly excusable4 ,b 9 ! pres5t day !re is a l>ge body ( ,jews "h 9 ,engl& :o are fully conv9c$ t ^! leg5ds are false3 x is ! duty1 ! sacr$ duly1 ( all su* to prote/ aga9/ _! fur!r propagation4 ,if !y d n1 !y make !mselves accomplices 9 ! guilt ( ^? :o inv5t$ !m1 & responsible = all ! injury1 temporal & spiritual1 :i* ! propagation ( su* error may inflict ^u _! bre?r5 & _! po/]ity4 ,b :atev] c\rse !y may pursue1 ! exi/5ce ( ^! fables %[s t ! oral law itself is altoge!r an inv5tion ( m51 & proves t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? conf]r$ a great & sub/antial b5efit on ! nation & on mank9d1 by v9dicat+ & pres]v+ = u ! unadult]at$ tru? ( ,god's writt5 ,^w4 ,^! fables prove fur!r1 t !re is nei!r weight nor value 9 ! s5t5ce :i* ^! m5 pron\nce aga9/ ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is ! s5t5ce ( ^? :o did n scruple to falsify & p]v]t ! law ( ,god2 x is ! te/imony giv5 by ! notori\s inv5tors & propagators ( fables1 & _c be receiv$ by any "o compet5t to weigh evid5ce4 ,fables ( any k9d w invalidate te/imony1 b religi\s fables utt]ly incapacitate _! inv5tors & propagators f be+ admitt$ z witnesses at all4 ,! man :o w v5ture to tamp] ) sacr$ hi/ory1 ei!r by add+ to1 or dim9i%+ f1 its records1 cle>ly %[s t he has lo/ all rev]5ce = tru?1 & all s5se ( ! div9e "*1 z a v9dicator ( tru? & a puni%] ( falsehood4 ,! man :o trifles ) sacr$ facts1 _c be reg>d$ z a witness at all 9 ^? :i* he consid]s pr(ane or common4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! ,talmudi/s1 or ! wise m5 ( 8 "t1 be> witness aga9/ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 :om !y hat$1 we mu/ rememb] t !y h be5 convict$ ( false witness aga9 & aga9 9 ! case ( ,moses1 :om !y pr(ess$ to love4 ,_! te/imony is !re=e a nullity1 & if we wi% to exam9e ! claims ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 we mu/ look else:]e = ! data :i* are to =m ! basis ( our judgm5t4 ,no4 ,,xxii4 ,,rabb9ic ,,magic4 ,mod]n ,judaism is ! religion ( ! oral law4 ,! dogmas1 rites1 c]emonies1 & pray]s1 all re/ ^u its au?ority4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! oral law c be prov$ to be an inv5tion ( m51 ! :ole fabric ( mod]n ,judaism crumbles into du/4 ,x !n foll[s t ! ,jews h be5 m ?an eighte5 c5turies ! disciples ( error1 & t1 if !y n[ desire to believe & pr(ess ! true religion1 reveal$ by ,god to _! =efa!rs1 !y mu/ r5\nce _! pres5t ,talmudic sy/em1 & return to ! law & ! prophets4 ,b ! oral law is a human inv5tion4 ,x has be5 prov$1 on ! au?ority ( ! ,jewi% ,pray]-book1 t x ab\nds ) ! mo/ absurd fables1 :i* _c be ! ,^w ( ,god1 b are evid5tly & obvi\sly ! inv5tion ( man4 ,x appe>s1 !re=e1 t ! ,jewi% nation has be5 = c5turies delud$ by ! traditions ( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees--t !y h be5 utt]ly mi/ak5 9 _! fai?1 tak+ ! fictions ( m5 = ! tru? ( ,god--& h !reby sunk f ! hon\rable position1 9 :i* ,god plac$ !m z depositories ( ! tru?1 to ! un5viable situation ( ! cr$ul\s & sup]/iti\s4 ,su* is ! result ( an inquiry into ! cont5ts ( pray]s ( ! synagogue4 ,an exam9ation ( ! traditional comm&m5ts w %[ 9 l mann]1 t ! oral law is e :]e insep>ably m+l$ ) fables1 :i* ?r[ discr$it ^u ! :ole4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important p>ts ( ! oral law is t :i* relates to ! con/itution ( ! great tribunal ! ,sanh$r91 =1 z is ass]t$1 t c\ncil fix$ ! au?ority ( all traditions1 & ev5 exam9$ into ! claims1 & decid$ ^u ! div9e mission ( ! prophets4 ,if x appe>1 !re=e1 t ! oral law tea*es :at is manife/ly fabul\s ) respect to t tribunal1 ! ma9 pill> ( tradition is tak5 away4 ,n[ )\t ent]+ into ! :ole subject at pres5t1 ! foll[+ specim5 w %[ :at degree ( cr$it c be giv5 to ! traditional acc\nts respect+ x3-- 8,rabbi ,johannan says1 none 7 all[$ to sit 9 ! ,sanh$r91 :o 7 n m5 ( /ature1 m5 ( wisdom1 m5 ( good appe>ance1 ag$1 skill$ 9 magic1 & acqua9t$ ) ! sev5ty languages1 s t ! ,sanh$r9 might n be oblig$ to he> ?r\gh an int]pret]40 7,sanh$r91 fol4 #ag1 col4 #a47 ,9 ?is %ort extract !re are sev]al fables--fir/1 t all ! memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r9 %\ld be skill$ 9 magic1 or magicians1 is pla9ly contr>y to ! express comm& ( ,god1 :o says1 8,!re %all n be f\nd among y any "o t make? 8 son or 8 daught] to pass ?r\gh ! fire1 or t use? div9ation1 or an obs]v] ( times1 or an en*ant]1 or a wit* --= all t d ^! ?+s are an abom9ation unto ! ,"l3 & because ( ^! abom9ations ! ,"l ?y ,god do? drive !m out f be=e !e40 7,deut4 xviii4 #aj-ab47 ,?is comm& ( ,god makes no exception 9 fav\r ( ! memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r94 ,x absolutely =bids any su* 9 ,israel = any purpose4 ,! comm5t>y inde$ tells u1 t ?is magical skill 0 requir$ 9 self-def5ce4 8,9 ord] to kill ! magicians :o tru/$ 9 _! magical arts to deliv] !m out ( ! h&s ( ! tribunal40 ,b ?is explanation does n m5d ! matt]4 ,magic is a ?+ absolutely unlawful & expressly =bidd5 by ,god4 ,x 0 !re=e unlawful ei!r to le>n or to practise x1 ev5 = ! purpose ( kill+ a magician4 ,if ! plea ( self-def5ce or necessity made x lawful = ! ,sanh$r9 to le>n magic1 ! same argum5t w\ld ju/ify x d\bly 9 ! case ( ! p1 :o 7 m likely to be ! objects ( ! magician's attacks2 = surely ^! p]sons w\ld be c>eful to avoid all contact ) ! memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r91 :om !y knew to be m ?an a mat* = !m 9 ! black art4 ,accord+ to ?is me?od ( argu+ all ,israel might h be5 skill$ 9 magic1 ?\gh ! law requires t n "o su* p]son %\ld be f\nd among !m4 ,ei!r !n ?is acc\nt is absolutely false1 or ! memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r9 7 bad m51 :o le>n$ :at 0 expressly =bidd5 by ! law ( ,god2 & 9 ei!r case1 ! ,talmudic acc\nts ( ?is tribunal are unwor?y ( cr$it4 ,b x may well be d\bt$ :e!r ! memb]s ( ?is great c\ncil conf9$ _! magical ex]citations to ! kill+ ( magicians4 ,we f9d else:]e1 if ! ,talmud speak tru?1 t ! rabbies at lea/ made o!r magical exp]im5ts1 & h ev5 record$ ! means :i* !y employ$1 = ! b5efit ( po/]ity4 1 1 8,abba ,b5jam9 says1 if p]mission _h be5 giv5 to see !m1 no creature c\ld /& be=e ! hurtful demons4 ,abbai says1 ,!y are m ?an we1 & /& aga9/ u l ! tr5* r\nd ! g>d5-b$4 ,rav ,huna says1 ,e "o ( u has a ?\s& on 8 left h&1 & t5 ?\s& on 8 "r h&4 ,rabba says1 ,! want ( room at ! s]mon is caus$ by !m--! we>+ out ( ! rabbies' clo!s is caus$ by _! rubb+ aga9/ !m--! bruis$ legs are caus$ by !m4 ,:osoev] wi%es to asc]ta9 _! exi/5ce1 let him take a%es t h be5 pass$ ?r\gh a sieve1 & let him /rew 8 b$1 & 9 ! morn+ he w see ! m>ks ( a cock's claws4 ,:osoev] wi%es to see !m1 let him take ! int]ior cov]+ ( a black cat1 ! daught] ( a fir/-born black cat1 :i* is also ! daught] ( a fir/-born1 & let him burn x 9 ! fire1 & pulv]ise x1 & let him !n fill 8 eyes ) x1 & he w see !m4 ,b let him p\r ! p[d] into an iron tube1 & seal x ) an iron signet1 le/ !y %\ld /eal any ( x1 & let him also seal up ! m\? !re(1 t no injury may arise4 ,rav ,bibi b> ,abbai did ?us1 & receiv$ an injury4 ,b ! rabbies pray$ = m]cy ^u him1 & he 0 cur$40 7,b]a*o?1 fol4 #f1 col4 #a47 ,"h1 !n1 is magic = ! p1 & all ,israel is in/ruct$ 9 ! means to see demons4 ,x is n = u to decide :e!r ^?1 :o might use ^! means1 w\ld ev] see m5 aga91 b ?is is c]ta91 t ! oral law "h gives a magical recipe to ^? :o are n memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r91 sets be=e u "o ( ! ,talmudic doctors z an example1 & moreov] enc\rages to d z he did1 by hold+ out ! possibility ( a miracul\s cure1 if any injury %\ld arise4 ,if1 !n1 ?is /ory be true1 ! oral law p]mits magic1 :i* ! law ( ,god =bids2 if x be false1 !n ! oral law is convict$ ( ano!r mon/r\s falsehood1 & is altoge!r unwor?y ( cr$it4 ,h[ long w ! p ( ,israel suff] !mselves to be delud$ by a sy/em1 ( :i* ! /rik+ *>act]i/ic is1 t x has no reg>d = tru?8 ,! ,jews object aga9/ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 t he leads !m away f ! law ( ,moses1 b :]e does he1 or 8 disciples1 inculcate ! /udy ( magic1 or prescribe rules = facilitat+ int]c\rse ) demons1 contr>y to ! express comm& ( ,god8 ,j suppose t ?is :ole extract1 in/ead ( be+ f\nd 9 ! ,talmud1 _h =m$ a portion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 h[ w\ld ! ,jews h laugh$ at ?is prescription = its folly1 & argu$ aga9/ its wick$ness1 h[ triumphantly w\ld !y h %[n t a law t tea*es & enc\rages magic c\ld n h be5 giv5 by ,god8 ,! exi/5ce ( "o su* passage w\ld h be5 suffici5t1 9 _! eyes1 to condemn ! :ole ,*ri/ian sy/em4 ,let1 !n1 ! ,jews deal ) ! oral law 9 ! same way4 ,let !m judge x & its fables by an appeal to ,moses & ! prophets4 ,b let !m rememb] t 9 ?is1 z 9 _m o!r in/ances1 ! ,new ,te/am5t agrees ) ! law ( ,moses1 :il/ ! oral law diff]s f bo?4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t classes wit*craft along ) idolatry1 & o!r s9s :i* exclude f ! joys ( et]nal life4 8,! works ( ! fle% are manife/1 :i* are ^!3 adult]y1 =nication1 uncleanness1 lascivi\sness1 wit*craft1 hatr$1 v>iance1 emulations1 wra?1 /rife1 s$itions1 h]esies1 envy+s1 murd]s1 drunk5ness1 revell+s1 & su* l2 ( ! :i* ,i tell y be=e1 z ,i h also told y 9 times pa/1 t !y :i* d su* ?+s %all n inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god40 7,galat4 v4 #ai-ba47 ,9 ?is case1 !n1 :]e ! oral law leads y away f ! doctr9e ( ,moses1 ! religion ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? br+s y back aga94 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 n ! only fable conta9$ 9 t %ort law conc]n+ ! memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r94 ,we are told1 besides1 t no "o 0 all[$ to sit 9 t c\ncil 8unless he und]/ood ! sev5ty tongues40 ,n[ we w\ld ask e disciple ( ! oral law calmly to consid] ?is /atem5t1 & !n say :at he ?9ks ( its v]acity4 ,did he ev] he> or "k ( s*ol>s 9 ! pres5t times acqua9t$ ) sev5ty languages1 & t s p]fectly z to be able to conv]se ) & exam9e witnesses1 & =m a judgm5t ^u _! evid5ce1 )\t ! aid ( an int]pret]8 ,surely1 ! /udy ( languages is z mu* cultivat$ 9 ! pres5t day z x 0 !n1 & !re are at lea/ z _m facilities = _! acquisition4 ,! sy/em ( gramm> is n[ fully develop$4 ,! art ( pr9t+ has made x easy to obta9 =eign books4 ,lexicons & o!r app>atus may be procur$1 & yet1 ) all ^! facilities1 we mu* d\bt :e!r !re be1 9 ! :ole _w1 "o s+le p]son possess+ t k ( languages "h ascrib$ to e individual memb] ( ! ,sanh$r94 ,accord+ to ! oral law1 !re always _h be51 9 ,israel1 sev5ty-"o su* p]sons at lea/1 b probably m2 = z a memb] di$1 or became sup]annuat$1 ano!r 0 f\nd ready to succe$ him4 ,b ! wond] is "h made /ill m wond]ful1 = !re 7 n only sev5ty-"o p]sons acqua9t$ ) sev5ty languages1 b ^? p]sons 7 also acqua9t$1 z ,rambam tells u1 ) m$ic9e1 a/ronomy1 & all ! exi/+ sy/ems ( idolatry1 & moreov] skill$ 9 magic4 ,&1 besides all ?is1 all ^! p]sons 7 f9e h&some fell[s1 8,m5 ( /ature1 m5 ( good appe>ance40 ,is ?is cr$ible--c all ,israel1 or all ! _w1 furni% "o su* p]son at pres5t1 h&some or ugly1 tall or %ort8 or c !re be f\nd among/ t intellig5t p ! ,jews1 "o man1 woman1 or *ild1 s silly z to believe s manife/ a falsehood8 ,we c tell !m t _! great rabbi1 ,rambam1 did n believe x1 & !re=e 9 8 ,comp5dium took ! lib]ty ( alt]+ ?is ,talmudic /atem5t4 ,in/ead ( sev5ty languages1 he says simply-- 8,& t !y %\ld be acqua9t$ ) mo/ languages40 ,x 0 too mu* = him4 ,be+ a le>n$ man himself1 he knew ! impossibility ( su* univ]sal k2 & he !re=e s(t5$ d[n ! ,talmudic hyp]bole to ! limits ( :at he consid]$ possibility4 ,?is is n m]ely our conclusion f ,rambam's alt]ation1 ! comm5tator has expressly said ! same3-- 8,our rabbi has writt51 #8,acqua9t$ ) mo/ languages1' because x is a r>ity to f9d a p]son acqua9t$ ) all ! sev5ty languages40 7,hil*o? ,sanh$r91 c4 #b47 ,rambam himself1 !n1 is "h a witness aga9/ ! fabul\s exagg]ations ( ! ,talmud4 ,b p]haps "s "o w say1 t sev5ty is only a r\nd numb] to signify _m1 t we mu/ n1 !re=e1 be too /rict 9 its exposition4 ,?is subt]fuge1 h[ev]1 w n s]ve "h4 ,! au?ors ( ! ,talmud said sev5ty1 because !y believ$ t1 by giv+ ?is numb]1 !y includ$ all ! languages 9 ! _w4 ,!y believ$ t !re 7 sev5ty nations1 & !re=e !y said sev5ty languages4 ,?is article ( ,jewi% fai? is f\nd ev]y:]e 9 ! ,talmud1 & 9 ! comm5t>ies1 z = in/ance-- 8,r4 ,johannan says1 ,:at is ! mean+ ( t ,scripture1 #8,! ,"l gave ! ,^w3 great 0 ! company ( ^? t publi%$ x8' ,x tea*es1 t z ea* comm&m5t proce$$ f ! m\? ( ,god1 x 0 divid$ into sev5ty languages40 7,%abba?1 fol4 #hh1 col4 #b47 ,! f\ndation ( ?is op9ion is an arbitr>y int]pretation or a v]se 9 ! song ( ,moses4 8,:5 ! ,mo/ ,high divid$ to ! nations _! inh]itance1 :5 he sep>at$ ! sons ( ,adam1 he set ! b\nds ( ! p accord+ to ! numb] ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel40 7,deut4 xxxii4 #h47 ,^u :i* ,ra%i ?us comm5ts3-- 8,on acc\nt ( ! numb] ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel :o 7 to proce$ f ! sons ( ,%em1 & accord+ to ! numb] ( ! sev5ty s\ls ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel :o desc5d$ into ,egypt1 he set ! b\nds ( ! p1 t is1 ! sev5ty languages40 ,t ?is latt] clause is altoge!r arbitr>y1 & a m]e gratuit\s addition1 is pla9 f an inspection ( ! text1 :]e n "o syllable is said ab\t ! sev5ty s\ls1 nor ab\t ! numb] ( ! nations1 b ab\t ! fix+ ! b\nds ( _! habitations4 ,ra%i himself did n tru/ 9 ?is exposition1 & he has !re=e giv5 ano!r3--8,on acc\nt ( ! numb] ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel :o 7 to proce$ f ! *ildr5 ( ,%em40 ,ab5 ,esra also passes by ! sev5ty nations altoge!r1 & says t1 8,accord+ to ! numb] ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel10 means1 t ! b\nds ( ! nations 7 s set z to leave suffici5t room = ! ,israelites4 ,8 words are-- 8,! comm5tators h int]pret$ ?is ( ! g5]ation ( ! disp]sion1 :5 all ! e>? 0 scatt]$1 = !n ,god decre$ t ,israel %\ld h ! l& ( ! sev5 nations1 :i* w\ld be suffici5t = !m1 !re=e x is said1 #8accord+ to ! numb] ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4'0 ,?is v]se1 !n1 gives no col\r to ! op9ion t !re are only sev5ty nations & sev5ty languages4 ,fact proves t ! numb] is mu* great]1 = ! ,bible exi/s already 9 twice t numb] ( languages1 & ! "w ( translation is n yet accompli%$4 ,! oral law1 !re=e1 fails altoge!r 9 atta9+ ! object :i* x _h 9 view 9 tell+ ?is extraord9>y /ory4 ,x wi%$ to say1 t 9 ! ,sanh$r9 !re nev] 0 ne$ ( an int]pret]1 = t e memb] und]/ood e language 9 ! _w1 & believ+ t !re 7 only sev5ty languages1 x /at$ ?is numb]4 ,b n[ we "k t ev5 if ea* memb] und]/ood sev5ty languages1 yet to be able to decide cases = all ! nations ( ! e>?1 !y w\ld h requir$ to "k z _m m4 ,! oral law !n1 betrays "h an utt] ignorance ( ! /ate ( ! _w1 :i* %[s t x is n f t ,god :o conf\nd$ ! languages ( ! e>?1 & !re=e kn[s h[ _m !re are2 b f m5 :o desir$ to magnify ! acquirem5ts ( ! nation f> beyond ! sob] tru?4 ,! m5 :o c\ld delib]ately say1 t ! ,sanh$r9 0 compos$ ( sev5ty-"o p]sons1 all h&some1 all m5 ( /ature1 all skill$ 9 magic1 & all s p]fectly acqua9t$ ) sev5ty languages1 z to ne$ no int]pret]1 w\ld h said sev5 hundr$1 or sev5 ?\s&1 or any ?+ else t suit$ _! purpose4 ,!y are evid5tly wilful exagg]at]s1 ^: ^w is !re=e n to be tru/$4 ,! motive "h is va9 glory4 ,! object is simply to give all ! hon\r to m51 to ! ,rabbies ^: le>n+ & g5ius 7 s m>vell\s4 ,!re is no intimation t ,god gave ! memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r9 ?is k1 :i* f> exce$s ! p[] or ! life ( man to atta9 by ord9>y means4 ,no1 all ! glory ( ^! m>vell\s acquirem5ts is ascrib$ to man alone4 ,?is =ms a /rik+ contra/ to a n>rative record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,we are !re told t on a c]ta9 occasion ! disciples ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? address$ 9 _! own language1 8,p>?ians1 & ,m$es1 & ,elamites1 & ! dwell]s 9 ,mesopotamia1 & 9 ,judea & ,cappadocia1 9 ,pontus & ,asia1 ,phrygia1 & ,pamphylia1 9 ,egypt1 & 9 ! ports ( ,lybia ab\t ,cyr5e1 & /rang]s ( ,rome1 ,jews & proselytes1 ,cretes & ,arabians10 t is1 ! inhabitants ( sixte5 c\ntries4 ,n[1 ! small numb] "h /at$ is a presumptive evid5ce ( ! tru? ( ! fact4 ,if an impo/or1 a ,rabb9i/ :o wi%$ to make a good /ory1 _h writt5 ?is acc\nt1 he w\ld1 beyond all d\bt1 in/ead ( sixte51 h specifi$ all ! sev5ty languages4 ,to 8 c\ntrym51 :o believ$ 9 ! acquirem5ts ( ! ,sanh$r91 ?is w\ld h appe>$ no wise incr$ible4 ,inde$1 if a man ( t "t _h wi%$ to inv5t a miracle1 ! numb] sev5ty w\ld h be5 absolutely necess>y = 8 purpose4 ,= if e memb] ( ! ,sanh$r9 c\ld speak sev5ty languages1 to say t o!r m5 spoke sixte5 w\ld h be5 no miracle at all4 ,! small numb]1 !re=e1 "h giv51 %[s t ! au?ors ( ! n>rative _h no wi% to inv5t a miracle1 b to /ate ! sob] tru?4 ,b !n consid] ! entire abs5ce ( va9-glory4 ,! praise & ! p[] ( speak+ ev5 ?is small numb] ( languages is giv5 altoge!r to ,god4 ,! m5 7 ,galileans1 & _h n acquir$ ?is by _! own lab\r & g5ius4 8,!y 7 all fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 & began to speak ) o!r tongues1 z ! ,_s gave !m utt]ance40 7,acts ii4 #a-aa47 ,"h !n is a /rik+ diff]5ce betwe5 ! n>ratives ( ! ,talmud & ^? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! =m] exalts m54 ,! latt] gives glory to ,god4 ,no4 ,,xxiii4 ,,a/rology4 ,! fav\rite ,jewi% objection to ! claims ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? is t passage at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? *apt] ( ,deut]onomy3 8,if !re arise among y a prophet1 or a dream] ( dreams1 & give? !e a sign or a wond]1 & ! sign or ! wond] come to pass1 :]e( he spake unto !e1 say+1 ,let u g aft] o!r gods1 :i* ?\ ha/ n kn[n1 & let u s]ve !m1 ?\ %alt n he>k5 unto ! words ( t prophet1 or t dream] ( dreams40 ,9 cit+ ?is passage1 ! ,jews take = grant$ t ! religion ( ,jesus is ess5tially diff]5t f t ( ,moses2 t x leads to ! wor%ip ( /range gods3 & t x is 9 fact a species ( hea!nism1 :il/ ! religion ( ! oral law1 :i* !y n[ pr(ess1 is utt]ly free f all hea!n elem5ts1 & id5tical ) ! religion ( _! prophets4 ,all ?is !y take = grant$2 b ! subject is capable ( be+ inquir$ into4 ,! oral law & ! ,new ,te/am5t are bo? extant1 & a little exam9ation w enable u to decide1 on rational gr\nds1 :e!r ,judaism or ,*ri/ianity sav\r mo/ ( hea!nism4 ,9 our la/ numb]1 we saw t ,judaism conta9s magic = ! ,sanh$r9 & magic = ! p1 :il/ ! ,new ,te/am5t utt]ly =bids x3 9 ?is respect !n ,judaism resembles ! hea!n religion4 ,our bus9ess 9 ?is numb] %all be to po9t out1 9 a/rology1 ano!r feature ( resemblance4 ,! ,talmud & its doctors all agree 9 ass]t+ ! influ5ce ( ! />s ov] ! fates & =tunes ( m54 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ,talmud lays d[n ^! g5]al maxims3-- 8,life1 *ildr51 & a livelihood dep5d n on m]it1 b on ! influ5ce ( ! />s40 7,mo$ ,katon1 fol4 #bh1 col4 #a47 8,! influ5ce ( ! />s makes wise1 ! influ5ce ( ! />s makes ri*40 7,%abba?1 fol4 #aef1 col4 #a47 ,b x also tells u ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3-- 444 1 1 4 1 1 8,he t is born on ! fir/ day ( ! week1 w be a man excell+1 b 9 "o quality only4#bj444 ,he t is born on ! second day ( ! week w be an angry man4 ,:at is ! reason8 ,because on x ! wat]s 7 divid$4 ,he t is born on ! ?ird day ( ! week w be a ri* & pr(ligate man4 ,:at is ! reason8 ,because on x ! h]bs 7 creat$4 ,he t is born on ! f\r? day ( ! week w be a wise man & h a p[]ful memory4 ,:at is ! reason8 ,because on t day ! lights 7 hung up 9 ! heav5s4 ,he t is born on ! fif? day ( ! week w be a b5evol5t man4 ,:at is ! reason8 ,because on x 7 creat$ ! fi%es & ! f[ls4 ,he t is born on ! eve ( ! ,sabba? w be a man :o makes a circuit4 ,rav ,na*man b> ,isaac says1 :o makes ! circuit 9 ! comm&m5ts4#ba ,he t is born on ! ,sabba?1 on ! ,sabba? also he %all die1 because on 8 acc\nt !y pr(an$ ! great day ( ! ,sabba?4 ,rabba b> ,rav ,%ila says1 he %all possess an em95t degree ( hol9ess40 7,%abba?1 fol4 #aef1 col4 #a47 ,"h is completely ! hea!n doctr9e ( fate4 ,n only ! ext]nal circum/ances ( =tune1 b ! moral qualities ( ! s\l are made to dep5d ^u ! day ( a man's nativity4 ,:e!r a man be pr(ligate or holy1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 does 9 no wise dep5d ^u himself1 8 own *oice1 or consci5ce1 b simply on ! circum/ance ( 8 bir? happ5+ on a ,tuesday or a ,saturday4 ,!re is inde$ a diff]5ce ( op9ion among/ ! ,talmudic doctors1 z to ! nature ( ! sid]eal influ5ce1 b all agree 9 ! fact1 z may be se5 fur!r f ! op9ion ( ,r4 ,huna3-- 4 1 1 1 1 1 8,^! ?+s d n dep5d ^u ! sid]eal influ5ce ( ! day1 b on ! sid]eal influ5ce ( ! h\r4 ,he t is born "u ! influ5ce ( ! sun w be a spl5did man1 eat+ & dr9k+ ( t :i* belongs to himself1 & w reveal 8 secrets3 if he be a ?ief he w n prosp]4 ,he t is born "u ,nogah 7,v5us7 w be a ri* & pr(ligate man4 ,:at is ! reason8 ,because on x ! fire 0 creat$4 ,he t is born "u ,ko*av 7,m]cury7 w be a man ( /rong memory1 & wise1 = ,m]cury is secret>y to ! sun4 ,he t is born "u ! influ5ce ( ! moon1 w suff] mu*1 build+ & de/roy+1 de/roy+ & build+3 eat+ & dr9k+ :at does n belong to him1 & a keep] ( 8 own secrets4 ,if a ?ief he w prosp]4 ,he t is born "u ,%ab?ai 7,saturn7 w be a man ^: ?\ghts come to n\ght1 b "s say ^?1 t ?9k aga9/ him1 %all come to n\ght4 ,he t is born "u ,ts$ek 7,jupit]7 w be a righte\s man4 ,rav ,na*man b> ,isaac says1 righte\s 9 ! comm&m5ts4#bb ,he t is born "u ,maadim 7,m>s7 w be a %$d] ( blood4 ,rav ,a*ai says1 ei!r a lett] ( blood1 or a ?ief1 or a circumcis]4 ,rabbah said1 ,i 0 born "u ,m>s4 ,abbai answ]$1 ,!re=e1 y are fond ( puni%+ & kill+40 7,%abba?1 ibid47 ,9 ?is passage ! hea!nism is /ill m app>5t4 ,x is notori\s t ! anci5t ,greek & ,roman idolat]s consid]$ ,v5us z ! patroness ( pr(ligacy1 ,m]cury z ! god ( eloqu5ce & le>n+1 ,m>s z ! god ( w>1 & behold6 "h 9 ! oral law y h ! v same doctr9e4 8,if a man be born "u ,v5us1 he w be a ri* & pr(ligate man2 if "u ,m]cury1 a man ( /rong memory & wise2 if "u ,m>s1 a %$d] ( blood40 ,! habits ( ! m9d are "h also expressly attribut$ to ! influ5ce ( ! planets1 & a ?ief has got ! promise ( success1 if 8 nativity happ5$ "u ! influ5ce ( ! moon4 ,:at !n becomes ( human responsibility1 & h[ does ?is doctr9e agree ) ! words ( ,moses1 8,behold ,i h set be=e y life & dea?1 bless+ & curs+1 !re=e *oose life1 t bo? ?\ & ?y se$ may live80 7,deut4 xxx4 #ai47 ,x w be repli$ by ,talmudi/s1 t ! oral law also says3-- 8,israel is n "u ! influ5ce ( ! />s40 ,we %all1 !re=e1 consid] t passage 9 its context :i* imm$iately foll[s3-- 8,rabbi ,*an9a says1 ! influ5ce ( ! />s makes wise1 ! influ5ce ( ! />s makes ri*1 & ,israel is "u t influ5ce4 ,rabbi ,jo*anan says1 ,israel is n "u ! influ5ce ( ! />s1 & ,rabbi ,jo*anan help$ 8 argum5t1 = ,rabbi ,jo*anan says1 ,f :5ce is x prov$ t ,israel is n "u ! influ5ce ( ! />s8 ,because x is said1 #8,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ,le>n n ! way ( ! hea!n1 & be n dismay$ at ! signs ( heav52 = ! hea!n are dismay$ at !m4' 7,j]4 x4 #b47 ,! hea!n b n ,israel4 ,rav says1 ,israel is n "u ! influ5ce ( ! />s1 = ,rabbi ,judah says1 ,rav says1 ,f :5ce is x prov$ t ,israel is n "u ! influ5ce ( ! />s8 ,f t :i* is said1 #8,& he br\ght him =? abroad4' 7,g54 xv4 #e47 ,abraham said be=e ,god1 #8,"l ( ! _w1 ,"o born 9 my h\se is my heir4' ,god repli$ n s1 b #8,he t %all come =? out ( ?9e own b[els4' ,abraham repli$1 ,i h consult$ my a/rology1 & am n fit to beget a son4 ,god said1 ,g =? f ?y a/rology1 = ,israel is n "u ! influ5ce ( ! />s40 7,%abba?1 ibid47 ,n[ ?is passage1 if tak5 9 ! mo/ fav\rable po9t ( view1 proves only t ,israel is n "u ! influ5ce ( ! />s2 b ?is exception proves to demon/ration t ! oral law tea*es1 t all o!r nations are "u t influ5ce4 ,accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 all ! ,g5tiles1 & ( c\rse ,*ri/ians among ! numb]1 are giv5 up to un*ang+ & un*angeable fate4 ,!y are good & bad1 ri* & poor1 happy & unhappy1 accord+ to ! sid]eal influ5ce at _! nativity1 & consequ5tly are utt]ly irresponsible = _! actions4 ,a ,g5tile ?ief1 or murd]]1 or adult]]1 is n s1 because he yield$ to temptation1 or to evil dispositions1 b because he happ5$ to be born "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,moon1 or ( ,m>s1 or ( ,v5us4 ,?is is ! religion ( ! oral law1 on ! mo/ fav\rable view ( ! case1 & consequ5tly ,god is repres5t$ fir/ z a p>tial gov]nor1 :o gives con/itutional advantages to "o fav\rite nation1 :i* ,he )holds f all o!rs2 & !n1 secondly1 z an unju/ judge1 :o puni%es ! ,g5tiles = do+ :at ! irresi/ible influ5ce ( ! />s compell$ !m to d4 ,?is doctr9e is ( itself suffici5t to prove t ! oral law is n ( ,god1 & t z a religion x /&s ^u a l9e ) ! hea!n & ,mahometan sy/ems ( fate1 & is consequ5tly inf9itely bel[ ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t recognises no sy/em ( fav\ritism1 b repres5ts ,god z a j judge1 8:o w r5d] to e man accord+ to 8 de$s0 7,rom4 ii4 #f72 & all m5 z responsible = ! evil :i* !y commit4 8,!re is no respect ( p]sons ) ,god4 ,= z _m z h s9n$ )\t law1 %all also p]i% )\t law2 & z _m z h s9n$ 9 ! law1 %all be judg$ by ! law40 7,ibid41 #aa1 #ab47 ,?is is a view wor?y ( ! ,div9e "*1 :]eas ! a/rological sy/em ( ! oral law1 :i* repres5ts ,god z giv+ up all nations to ! influ5ce ( ! />s1 & !n puni%+ !m = foll[+ t influ5ce :i* ,he himself orda9$1 is no?+ %ort ( blasphemy1 & is mu* m ak9 to hea!nism ?an to ! doctr9e ( ,moses & ! prophets4 ,b1 secondly1 ?is passage ( ! ,talmud conta9s two /atem5ts directly contradict+ ea* o!r4 ,rabbi ,*an9a says1 ,israel is "u ! influ5ce ( ! />s--! o!rs say1 ,israel is n "u ! influ5ce ( ! />s2 :i*ev] /atem5t we receive z true1 ! o!r is necess>ily false1 & !re=e ! oral law conta9s falsehood1 & !re=e is unwor?y ( cr$it4 ,?irdly1 ! /ory :i* is "h giv5 ( ,abraham has falsehood on ! face ( x1 & aft] all does n disprove1 b r confirms ! doctr9e t ,israel1 z well z ! o!r nations1 is "u ! influ5ce ( ! />s2 = z ,ra%i tells u1 ,abraham & ,s>ah escap$ f _! sid]eal de/9y only by *ang+ _! names4 ,ra%i's words are-- 8,god said to ,abraham1 ,g =? f ?y a/rology1 = ?\ ha/ se5 9 ! />s t ?\ art n to h a son4 ,abram is n to h a son1 b ,abraham is to h a son4 ,s>ai is n to be> a *ild1 b ,s>ah %all be> a *ild4 ,i call y by ano!r "n1 & ?us ! influ5ce ( ! />s w be *ang$40 7,com4 9 ,g54 xv4 #e47 ,"h x is pla9ly intimat$1 & t 9 ! "n ( ,god himself1 t ,abraham & ,s>ah 7 bo? "u ! influ5ce ( ! />s1 & t if !y _h n *ang$ _! names1 !y nev] c\ld h _h a *ild4 ,?is 0 evid5tly ,ra%i's op9ion2 & :5 we rememb] t ! majority ( ! ,jews 9 ! _w implicitly foll[ ,ra%i's int]pretation1 we may conclude t ?is is ! prevail+ doctr9e4 ,& p]haps "s ( ! read]s ( ?is pap] may ev5 "k in/ances ( ,jews :o1 l$ by ?is int]pretation1 h actually *ang$ _! "n1 9 ! hope ( bett]+ _! luck1 or ev5 ( escap+ f dea?4 ,b h[ev] t be1 x is easy to %[ t ! ,talmud & ! rabbies g5]ally believe 9 ! a/rological influ5ce ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,9 addition to ! passages already cit$1 ! ,talmud says expressly-- 8,an eclipse ( ! sun is an evil sign to ! nations ( ! _w4 ,an eclipse ( ! moon is an evil sign to ,israel2 = ,israel reckons by ! moon1 ! nations ( ! _w by ! sun4 ,:5 ! eclipse happ5s 9 ! ea/1 x is an evil sign to ! inhabitants ( ! ea/4 ,:5 x happ5s 9 ! we/1 x is an evil sign to ! inhabitants ( ! we/10 c41 c4 7,succah1 fol4 #bi4 col4 #a47 ,! rabbies :o h liv$ s9ce1 tea* ! same doctr9e4 ,= in/ance1 ,saadiah ,gaon1 speak+ ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! influ5ce ( ! />s is modifi$ by ! signs ( ! zodiac1 says-- 1 8,sometimes ! c\rse ( a /> is p>tly 9 a good sign & p>tly 9 a bad sign4 ,! man born "u ?is w fir/ prosp] & !n suff] adv]sity4 7,comm5t4 9 ,seph] ,jetsirah1 fol4 #ih1 col4 #a47 ,he also expla9s1 !re1 h[ x is possible = a/rolog]s to =etell sickness & dea?2 b ?is is en\gh to %ew 8 op9ion1 & :at he _h le>n$ f ! ,talmud4 ,! writ+s ( ,ab5 ,esra be> ! same te/imony4 ,= in/ance1 9 8 comm5t>y on ! t5 comm&m5ts1 he says-- 8,! f\r? comm&m5t is t respect+ ! ,sabba?1 & answ]s to ! orb ( ,saturn2 = ! exp]im5tal philosoph]s say1 t ea* "o ( ! m9i/]+ s]vants has a c]ta9 day ( ! week 9 :i* he exhibits 8 /r5g?1 & he is ma/] ( ! fir/ h\r 9 ! day1 & ?us x is also ) him :o is ma/] ( ! fir/ h\r 9 ! night4 ,!y say1 also1 t ,saturn & ,m>s are ! two hurtful />s1 & :osoev] beg9s a "w1 or to walk 9 ! way1 :5 ei!r ( ^! two is 9 ! asc5dant1 is sure to fall into h>m4 ,!re=e our anci5ts h said1 t p]mission is giv5 to d injury on ! nights ( ! f\r? & sev5? days ( ! week4 ,& behold1 ?\ wilt n f9d1 9 all ! days ( ! week1 a night & a day1 "o aft] ! o!r1 on :i* ^! two hurtful />s rule except on ?is day2 !re=e x is n suitable on x to engage 9 worldly affairs1 b to devote x entirely to ! fe> ( ,god40 ,?is exposition %[s t ,ab5 ,esra believ$ 9 a/rology1 & t ! p[] ( ! />s ext5d$ to ,israel z well z to ! o!r nations1 nay ! p[] ( ! />s to d h>m is "h made ! f\ndation ( ! comm& respect+ ! ,sabba?-day4 ,a man1 ^: m9d 0 n ?or\ghly imbu$ ) fai? 9 a/rology1 c\ld nev] h be5 l$ ev5 to ent]ta9 su* an op9ion1 :5 ,god himself has assign$ ano!r & entirely diff]5t reason = ! in/itution ( ! ,sabba?4 ,b inde$ x is n necess>y to g to ! rabbies to prove t mod]n ,judaism tea*es a/rology4 ,t common wi% :i* "o s (t5 he>s among/ ! ,jews1 ev5 at ! pres5t day1 mazzal tov1 or good luck1 has its orig9 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,talmud1 & %[s h[ univ]sally x has be5 receiv$4 ,& ?us we see ! influ5ce :i* ! oral law has _h 9 lead+ away bo? le>n$ & unle>n$ f ! ,^w ( ,god1 & ( spread+ among/ !m1 z a tradition f ,moses1 :at is m]ely "o ( ! num]\s errors ( hea!n idolatry4 ,! hea!n wor%ipp$ ! ho/ ( heav54 ,! sun1 & ! moon1 & o!r heav5ly bodies1 !y consid]$ z deities2 x 01 !re=e1 natural = !m to suppose t !y ex]cis$ an influ5ce ov] ! affairs ( m54 ,! ,*aldeans 7 especially devot$ to ?is doctr9e1 & _h almo/ exalt$ x to ! rank ( a sci5ce4 ,f !m1 probably dur+ ! ,babyloni% captivity1 ! ,jaws le>n$ ?is sy/em2 & ?\gh altoge!r idolatr\s 9 its orig91 & le>n$ f idolat]s1 x 0 cong5ial to ! m9ds ( ! sup]/iti\s rabbies1 & 01 !re=e1 introduc$ into ! oral law1 :]e x has ev] s9ce cont9u$4 ,! oral law has1 !re=e1 9 ?is respect1 adopt$ hea!n doctr9e1 & tea*es hea!nism4 ,e ,jew :o wi%es 8 neighb\r 1 mazzal tov1 uses a hea!n idolatr\s expression--sanction$1 inde$1 by ! ,talmud1 b utt]ly repugnant to ! doctr9e ( ,moses4 ,b :]e w he f9d 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t any w>rant ei!r = su* a doctr9e or su* a wi%8 ,! ,new ,te/am5t is entirely free f all %ad[ & t9cture ( ?is hea!nism4 ,y\r oral law has taught y t ! c\rse ( ev5ts dep5ds ^u ! />s4 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? has taught u1 t ! ord]+ ( all ev5ts1 ev5 ! m9ute/1 proce$s f our ,heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,he says1 8,are n two sp>r[s sold = a f>?+8 & "o ( !m %all n fall on ! gr\nd )\t y\r ,fa!r4 ,b ! v hairs ( y\r are all numb]$40 7,matt4 x4 #bi1 #cj47 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 !re=e1 :om y are afraid to foll[1 le/ he %\ld lead y aft] o!r gods1 directs all 8 foll[]s to ! "o liv+ & true ,god1 ! ,creator1 ,pres]v]1 & ,r$eem] ( all ?+s4 ,^? m51 on ! contr>y1 :o crucifi$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & t oral law1 :i* y pref] to ,*ri/ianity1 h l$ y away f ! doctr9es ( ,moses & ! prophets to ! pr9ciples ( hea!nism4 ,! g5]al doctr9e1 t ! moral nature1 ! weal & wo ( m51 are altoge!r dep5d5t ^u ! />s1 is n ,mosaic1 x is hea!n2 & ! p>ticul> details conc]n+ ! influ5ce ( ,v5us1 ,m>s1 & ,m]cury1 are pla9ly ! (fspr+ ( ! wor/ "p ( hea!n my?ology4 ,if1 !n1 ,jews believe 9 ?is ,talmudic a/rology1 !y approa* v ne>ly to hea!nism1 & su* has be5 ! case ) ! majority & ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! nation = ! la/ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,if f ! unavoidable influ5ce ( ,*ri/ian k1 !y n[ reject ?is portion ( ! oral law1 !y decl>e t all _! mo/ le>n$ rabbies h be5 9 gross error1 & t ! oral law1 :i* l$ !m a/ray1 is n f ,god1 b1 on ! contr>y1 9 "o ( its mo/ important features1 a m]e copy ( idolatr\s hea!nism4 ,footnote #bj3 ,accord+ to ,ra%i4 ,footnote #ba3 ,accord+ to ,ra%i1 "o :o goes f h\se to h\se to get alms4 ,footnote #bb3 ,ra%i says a man :o is lib]al 9 almsgiv+4 ,no4 ,,xxiv4 ,,amulets4 ,9 magic & a/rology we h discov]$ two features common to idolatr\s hea!nism1 & to ! religion ( ! oral law4 ,we h se5 t x p]vades ! ,talmud & ! writ+s ( ! subsequ5t rabbies1 & t x has t9ctur$ ! language ( e-day life4 ,x occurs1 !re=e1 z might be expect$1 incid5tally1 :5 ! oral law treats ( o!r ?+s2 & we are induc$ to notice "o passage ( ?is k9d1 n only because x proves t fai? 9 a/rology is an ess5tial elem5t 9 ! religion ( ! oral law1 b because x sets be=e u ano!r feature ( resemblance to hea!nism4 ,9 treat+ ( ! virtues ( amulets1 & ( ! te/s1 :]eby to try !m & ^? t write1 ! foll[+ passage occurs-- 8,rav ,papa says1 ,i am c]ta9 9 ! case ( ?ree amulets = ?ree m52 :]e ?ree copies ( "o amulet h cur$ ?ree times1 !n bo? ! writ] & ! amulet are approv$4 ,9 ! case ( ?ree amulets = ?ree m51 :]e ea* p]=ms only "o cure1 !n ! writ] is approv$1 ! amulet is n approv$4 ,9 ! case ( "o amulet = ?ree m51 !n ! amulet is approv$1 ! writ] is n approv$4 ,b ,rav ,papa asks1 ,:at is to be ! decision :5 !re are ?ree amulets = "o man8 ,! amulet is c]ta9ly n approv$1 ! writ] may or may n be4 ,%all we say t he cur$ him8 ,or 0 x p]haps ! influ5ce ( ! />s1 belong+ to t man1 t _h an aff9ity = t :i* 0 writt58 ,t mu/ rema9 undecid$40 7,%abba?1 fol4 #fa1 col4 #b47 ,"h we h ! influ5ce ( ! />s aga91 & t n 9 ! case ( ! hea!n1 b 9 ! case ( ,israelites4 ,! :ole passage ref]s to none b ,israelites4 ,! "q1 f :i* ?is digression ab\t amulets arose1 0 :e!r x is lawful to we> amulets on ! ,sabba?-day1 a "q conc]n+ ! ,jews1 & !m only4 ,9 ?is "q1 !n1 we f9d ! doctr9e ( sid]eal influ5ce mix$ up1 or r s c]ta9ly pre-suppos$ z to prev5t ! solution ( a d\bt4 ,a case is suppos$ :]e a man has be5 cur$ by ! help ( ?ree amulets1 & !nce arises a d\bt z to :e!r ! mak] may be consid]$ z an approv$ writ] ( amulets2 & ^u ?is case ,r4 ,papa does n v5ture to decide1 because x is possible t ! cure may be ow+ to ! influ5ce ( ! />s4 ,h[ c !re be a /rong] pro( ( fai? 9 ! p[] ( ! />s ov] ,israelites z well z ov] o!r p]sons8 ,?is passage proves incontrov]tibly t ! hea!n notion ( a/rology is insep>ably int]wov5 ) ! religi\s sy/em ( ! oral law1 b x also pres5ts to our consid]ation ano!r circum/ance equally />tl+1 & t is1 t ! oral law sanctions ! use ( amulets or *>ms1 z a cure =1 or def5ce aga9/1 sickness & o!r evils4 ,:at1 is x possible1 t ! ,jews :o ?9k t _! religion is ! true religion reveal$ by ,god to ,moses1 & ^: *ief objection to ,*ri/ianity is ! fe> le/ x %\ld lead !m to /range gods1 is x possible t ?is p %\ld /ill ent]ta9 ! old hea!n notion conc]n+ amulets8 ,yes1 :il/ ! foll[]s ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? h le>n$ f him to r5\nce ?is sup]/iti\s & wick$ practice1 ! ,jews1 taught by ^? :o reject$ & crucifi$ him1 /ill believe 9 ! oral law :i* tea*es ! mann] ( mak+ & us+ *>ms4 ,b p]haps "s "o w say1 x occurs only 9 ! ,gem>a1 b n 9 ! ,mi%na4 ,?is is at all times b a poor apology = ! oral law1 or r an op5 confession t ! greate/ "p ( t law is indef5sible1 b x w n s]ve "h4 ,! doctr9e ( amulets proce$s f ! ,mi%na1 :i* says1-- 8,x is n lawful to g =? on ! ,sabba?-day ) an amulet1 unless x be f an approv$ p]son40 ,! ,gem>a !n takes up ?is comm&m5t1 & comm5ts ?us ^u x1-- 1 1 8,rav ,papa says1 d n ?9k t x is necess>y t bo? ! man & ! amulet mu/ be approv$2 x is en\gh if ! man be approv$1 ev5 ?\gh ! amulet be n approv$4 ,! pro( is1 t ! ,mi%na says1 #8,unless ! amulet be f an approv$ p]son1' b does n say1 #8,unless ! amulet be approv$1' f :i* x is pla94 ,our rabbies h taught ?us1 ,:at is an approv$ amulet8 ,any amulet t has effect$ a cure1 & done s twice or ?rice4 ,! doctr9e holds good1 :e!r ! amulet be a writt5 "o1 or made ( roots--:e!r ! man be dang]\sly ill or n--n only if he be epileptic1 b t he may n become epileptic40 7,%abba?1 fol4 #fa1 col4 #a47 ,f ?is x appe>s t !re are two sorts ( amulets1 "o conta9+ "s writt5 words1 ! o!r made ( roots ( v>i\s k9ds1 & x is equally pla9 t ! object ( we>+ !m 0 ei!r to prev5t sickness or to effect a cure4 ,on ! ,sabba? ^? only are lawful1 :i* h be5 manufactur$ by a man1 :o has already e/abli%$ 8 "* = mak+ efficaci\s amulets1 or :i* h be5 already tri$ & prov$ to be s4 ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ! ,talmud1 & let e ,jew rememb] t ?is doctr9e is n extract$ f ! leg5d>y "p1 b f ^? laws :i* are b9d+ ^u ! consci5ces ( all :o ackn[l$ge an oral law4 ,& ?is is n any private op9ion ( our own1 z may be se5 by ref]r+ to any compilation :]e ! laws are collect$1 z = in/ance ! ,jad ,ha*azakah1 :]e ?is law is ?us express$3-- 8,x is lawful to g out ) an approv$ amulet4 ,:at is an approv$ amulet8 ,"o t has cur$ ?ree p]sons1 or has be5 made by a man :o has cur$ ?ree p]sons ) o!r amulets40 7,hil*o? ,%abba?1 c4 xix4 #ad47 ,! ,arbah ,turim ent]s m at l5g? into ! subject1 ?us-- 1 1 1 1 8,x is n lawful to g out 9 an amulet1 :i* is n approv$1 b if x be approv$1 x is lawful4 ,:e!r x be ! man or ! amulet1 :i* is approv$1 makes no diff]5ce2 = in/ance1 if a man h writt5 "o & ! same *>m 9 ?ree copies1 & all ?ree h affect$ a cure1 ! man is approv$ ) respect to t *>m e "t t he writes x1 b n ) respect to o!r *>ms2 nei!r is ! amulet approv$ if writt5 by ano!r4 ,!re is also no diff]5ce 9 ! case1 :5 ! amulet is approv$ b ! man n s2 = in/ance1 if a man write "o *>m1 & only "o copy1 & has ) x effect$ a cure ?ree times1 !n t copy is approv$ = e man4 ,a ?ird case is1 :5 bo? ! man & ! amulet are approv$2 = in/ance1 if a man write "o *>m 9 ?ree copies1 & ea* has be5 ( use to ?ree m5 or to "o man ?ree times1 !n ! man is approv$ ) respect to ?is *>m 9 e copy :i* he may write1 & ^! copies are consid]$ z approv$ = ! use ( all m54 ,b if he h writt5 ?ree diff]5t amulets = "o man1 & h cur$ him ?ree times1 !n nei!r ! man nor ! amulet is approv$4 ,fur!r1 x is lawful to g out ) an approv$ amulet1 :e!r x be a writ+ or "o made ( roots1 & :e!r ! man be dang]\sly ill or n4 ,nei!r is x necess>y t he %\ld h be5 already epileptic1 & n[ makes use ( x = a cure4 ,on ! contr>y1 if he be ( an epileptic family1 & we> x z a prev5tive1 x is lawful40 7,ora* ,*aiim4 sec4 #cja47 ,!re c be no mi/ake "h4 ,?is is ,jewi% law b9d+ ^u all :o ackn[l$ge tradition4 ,nei!r is x a d\btful or pass+ notice2 on ! contr>y1 ! diff]5t cases are all enum]at$1 & e p>ticul> specifi$4 ,! oral law "h gives ! mo/ unqualifi$ sanction to ! use ( amulets or *>ms1 & t ev5 on ! ,sabba?-day4 ,t su* *>ms are ne> ak9 to magic or wit*craft is pla9 f ! nature & purpose ( ! manufacture1 & f ! undisguis$ use ( ! ^w 8*>ms20 b !re is a passage 9 ,ra%i's comm5t>y on ano!r ,talmudic treatise1 :i* puts ?is beyond all d\bt2 we !re=e give bo? ! text & ! comm5t>y-- 8,our rabbies h h&$ d[n ! tradition t ,hillel ! eld] _h eighty disciples1 ( :om ?irty 7 z wor?y z ,moses our ma/] to h ! ,%e*9ah re/+ ^u !m4 ,?irty o!rs 7 z wor?y z ,jo%ua ! son ( ,nun t = !m ! sun %\ld /& /ill4 ,tw5ty 7 9 ! middle rank1 ( :om ! greate/ 0 ,jona?an ! son ( ,uziel2 & ! lea/ ( all 0 ,rabbi ,johanan b5 ,za*ai4 ,( ?is la/-nam$ rabbi x is said1 t he did n leave un/udi$ ! ,bible or ! ,mi%na1 ,gem>a1 ! con/itutions1 ! ,agado?1 ! niceties ( ! law & ! ,scribes1 ! argum5t1 a =tiori1 & f simil> premises1 ! !ory ( ! *ange ( ! moon1 ,gematria1 ! p>ables tak5 f grapes & f foxes1 ! language ( demons1 ! language ( palm-trees1 & ! language ( ! m9i/]+ angels10 c4 7,bava ,ba?ra1 fol4 #acd1 col4 #a47 ,?is 0 pretty well1 consid]+ t he 0 ! lea/ ( ! eighty2 :at !n mu/ h be5 ! k ( ! o!rs8 ,?is tradition alone1 f its gross exagg]ation1 w\ld be suffici5t to m>k ! "* ( ! rabbies z false witnesses4 ,x is pla9ly a fable1 su* z "o might expect 9 ! 8,arabian ,nights' ,ent]ta9m5ts10 b n 9 a law t pr(esses to h come f ,god4 ,x is ano!r pro( t ! acc\nt ( ! oral law is a m]e fiction4 ,b our object 9 quot+ ! passage "h1 is to po9t out its connexion ) *>ms & amulets4 ,x tells u1 t ?is rabbi und]/ood ! language ( ! m9i/]+ angels8 ,n[ :at use 0 ?is8 ,ra%i tells u 9 8 comm5t>y1 to conjure or to adjure !m3 t is1 to compel !m to s]ve him1 :5 he adjur$ !m2 t is1 by _! means to act ! "p ( a conjuror4 ,x may p]haps be said1 ^! 7 ! good angels1 ) :om a holy man might hold conv]se1 b we are also told t he und]/ood 8! language ( demons40 ,:at 0 ! object ( ?is8 ,ra%i answ]s aga9-- 8,= ! purpose ( adjur+ !m3 & h5ce x foll[s t amulets may be made 9 ord] to effect cures40 ,f ?is x appe>s t ! ,talmud all[s a man to h conv]se ) evil spirits1 & t ?is prec$5t e/abli%es ! lawfulness ( amulets4 ,& ?is is ! religion ( ! oral law1 ^! ! doctr9es & practices ( ! m5 :o reject$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?6 ,"h is real hea!nism1 n "o %ade ( :i* appe>s 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,oh6 h[ diff]5t is ?is f ! doctr9e ( ,moses & ! prophets4 ,! oral law s5ds sick m5 to seek help 9 amulets & *>ms1 b n to ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,n[ :at diff]5ce is !re betwe5 ?is & ! conduct ( ,ahaziah1 :5 he fell d[n ?r\gh ! lattice 9 8 upp] *amb] 9 ,sam>ia1 & 0 sick8 8,he s5t mess5g]s1 & said unto !m1 ,g inquire ( ,beelzebub ! god ( ,ekron1 :e!r ,i %all recov] ( ?is disease4 ,b ! angel ( ! ,"l said to ,elijah ! ,ti%bite1 ,arise1 g up to meet ! mess5g]s ( ! ,k+ ( ,sam>ia1 & say unto !m1 ,is x n because !re is n a ,god 9 ,israel1 t ye g to inquire ( ,beelzebub1 ! god ( ,ekron80 7#b ,k+s i4 #b1 #c47 ,& s x may /ill be said to ,israel1 ,is x n because !re is n a ,god 9 ,israel1 t ye g to amulets & *>ms 9 ord] to get cur$ ( y\r diseases8 ,moses po9ts to ,god z ! great physician2 he says1 8,:]e=e x %all come to pass1 if ye he>k5 to ^! judgm5ts1 & keep & d !m1 t ! ,"l ?y ,god %all keep unto !e ! cov5ant & ! m]cy :i* he sw>e unto ?y fa!rs4 ,& ! ,"l w take away f !e all sickness40 7,deut4 vi4 #ab-ae47 ,god himself says-- 8,i am ! ,"l t heale? !e40 7,exod4 xv4 #bf47 ,b ! oral law leads m5 away f ,god1 & tells !m to g to an approv$ man & to get an approv$ amulet1 & = ?is all[s to le>n ! language ( demons1 & to compel !m by adjuration to be subs]vi5t4 ,:]e1 9 all ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is !re any ?+ l ?is8 ,:5 ! wid['s son 0 sick1 ,elijah did n give h] an amulet to make him well1 & yet1 if !re 7 su* ?+s1 x might be suppos$ t he knew ( !m1 & knew h[ to make !m2 9 %ort1 t he 0 an approv$ man & c\ld make an approv$ amulet2 b ,elijah's tru/ 0 n 9 su* hea!n nons5se1 b 9 ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,be=e ,him he pro/rat$ himself & said1 8,o ,"l my ,god1 ,i pray !e1 let ?is *ild's s\l come into him aga940 7#a ,k+s xvii4 #bb47 ,:5 ,hezekiah 0 sick1 we read n t he s5t = an approv$ amulet1 b t 8,he turn$ 8 face t[>ds ! wall1 & pray$ unto ! ,"l40 ,n *>ms1 b fai? & pray]1 are ! amulets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & also ( ! ,new4 ,! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ wr\ght _m miracles ( heal+1 & multitudes ( sick p appli$ to him = relief1 b he nev] direct$ !m to amulets 9 ord] to atta9 x4 ,8 direction is1 8,be n afraid1 only believe40 7,m>k v4 #cf47 ,8 disciples also wr\ght great miracles on ! sick1 b n by amulets4 ,_! confession is 8,8 "n1 ?r\gh fai? 9 8 "n1 ha? giv5 him ?is p]fect s\ndness 9 ! pres5ce ( y all40 7,acts iii4 #af47 ,& _! comm& is1 n to we> amulets1 b to pray4 8,is any sick among y8 ,let him call = ! eld]s ( ! ,*ur*2 & let !m pray ov] him1 ano9t+ him ) oil 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l2 & ! pray] ( fai? %all save ! sick1 & ! ,"l %all raise him up2 & if he h committ$ s9s !y %all be =giv5 him4 ,! effectual f]v5t pray] ( a righte\s man availe? mu*4 ,elias 0 a man subject to l passions z we are1 & he pray$ e>ne/ly t x might n ra91 & x ra9$ n on ! e>? by ! space ( ?ree ye>s & six mon?s4 ,& he pray$ aga91 & ! heav5 gave ra91 & ! e>? br\ght =? h] fruit40 7,james v4 #ac-ah47 ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 exactly agree+ ) t ( ,moses & ! prophets1 s t y ne$ n fe> t ,*ri/ianity w lead y to hea!nism3 on ! contr>y1 x w lead y back f ! hea!nism ( magic & a/rology1 & amulets1 to ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,b !re is ano!r feature 9 ?is doctr9e conc]n+ amulets1 :i* mu/ n be ov]look$1 & t is t ! manufacture ( amulets may be made a m]e trade = collect+ ! money ( ! cr$ul\s4 ,if a man get a reputation z an approv$ manufactur]1 ! believ]s 9 ! oral law w naturally apply to him 9 case ( sickness1 or o!r circum/ances1 :]e amulets are ( s]vice1 & ( c\rse ! rem$y is n to be _h = no?+4 ,we h kn[n & he>d ( su* ?+s bo? 9 ! we/ & 9 ! ea/4 ,& ?us ! poor ,israelites are l$ away f ! ,god ( ,israel1 & induc$1 z ! prophet says1 8,to sp5d _! money = t :i* is n bread1 & _! lab\r = t :i* satisfie? n40 ,b :at a te/imony does ?is :ole doctr9e furni% to ! conduct & ! doctr9e ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?8 ,8 great endeav\r 0 to %[ ! apo/acy ( ! oral law1 & to lead ! p back f tradition to ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,0 he "r or 0 he wrong8 ,:i* is ! religion1 ( ! oral law or ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 mo/ agreeable to ! religion reveal$ to ,moses & ! prophets4 ,is ! practice ( magic a ,mosaic doctr9e8 ,is p]mission to hold conv]se ) evil demons a ,mosaic doctr9e8 ,is a/rology a ,mosaic doctr9e8 ,is ! manufacture ( amulets & *>ms a ,mosaic doctr9e8 ,no2 !y are all directly oppos$ to ! doctr9e & comm&m5ts ( ,moses1 & ! practice ( all ! holy m5 ( old4 ,are ^! ?+s doctr9es ( ! oral law8 ,yes4 ,are !y ! doctr9es ( ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,no4 ,*ri/ians are taught to ab/a9 f all su* ?+s4 ,!n 9 ?is1 at lea/1 ,*ri/ianity is m l ,mosaism4 ,h[ long w ! ,jews suff] !mselves to be ?us delud$ & impos$ ^u8 ,_m are p]haps ignorant ( ! details ( t sy/em :i* !y pr(ess1 b su* ignorance is highly culpable4 ,if m5 pr(ess a religion !y ought to "k :at x is1 & :at are its doctr9es1 & :at ! practices :i* x prescribes4 ,mod]n ,judaism tea*es1 z ! tru? ( ,god1 all ^! hea!ni% notions & practices2 x is "t1 !n1 = ! ,jews to inquire :e!r ?is be ! true religion 9 :i* !y h cont9u$ = s _m c5turies1 & if n1 to /& 9 ! ways & ask = ! old pa?s4 ,x is a va9 ?+ = a few individuals ( ! nation to attempt to d5y t ^! sup]/itions are an ess5tial portion ( mod]n ,judaism4 ,z long z ! oral law is ackn[l$g$ to be ( ,div9e au?ority1 t oral law mu/ itself be tak5 z ! witness = its own doctr9es1 & ! /&>d ( ! mod]n ,jewi% religion4 ,!re is no possible middle c\rse3 ei!r ,jews mu/ altoge!r & publicly r5\nce ! ,talmud z false1 sup]/itions1 & hea!ni%1 or !y mu/ be cont5t to be reg>d$ 9 "o ( two *>act]s1 ei!r z its fai?ful disciples1 :o believe all x says1 or z timid m5-pleas]s1 :o are afraid to confess ! tru? ( ,god1 or to prote/ aga9/ ! errors ( man1 le/ !y %\ld suff] "s worldly loss or inconv5i5ce4 ,b is x possible t c[>ds1 9 ! cause ( ,god1 %\ld be f\nd among/ ! p ( ,gideon1 :o /ood boldly aga9/ ! idolatry ( a :ole city1 & ov]?rew ! alt> ( ,baal1 or among/ ! (fspr+ ( ,hananiah1 ,mi%ael1 & ,az>iah1 :o d>$ a fi]y furnace1 or amid/ ! c\ntrym5 ( ,daniel :o trembl$ n at ! view ( ! lion's d58 ,no1 we w r believe t all ! ,jews are /ill bigot$ ,talmudi/s1 & t :5 !y cease to be1 !y w come =w>d ) ! _s ( _! fa!rs & ! /r5g? ( _! ,god to v9dicate ! tru?4 ,no4 ,,xxv4 ,,*>ms4 ,bo? ,jew & ,g5tile w agree t true religion is ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 b ! difficulty is h[ are we to "k x1 & :at are ! m>ks t w help u to di/+ui% ! true f ! false8 ,! ,^w ( ,god gives _m1 ( :i* at pres5t we select ?is "o3-- 8,! fe> ( ! ,"l is ! beg9n+ ( wisdom40 7,psalm cxi4 #aj47 ,true religion1 z ! ,bible tea*es1 does n only bett] ! he>t1 b also improves ! und]/&+2 :]eas false religion n only corrupts1 b also makes its vot>ies fooli%4 ,?is is ! uni=m repres5tation ( ! ,bible1 & ?us we read ( true religion1 8,! law ( ! ,"l is p]fect1 conv]t+ ! s\l3 ! te/imony ( ! ,"l is sure1 mak+ wise ! simple40 7,psalm xix4 #g47 ,& aga91 ! wise/ ( m5 says1 8,!n %alt ?\ und]/& righte\sness1 judgm5t1 & equity2 yea1 e good pa?4 ,:5 wisdom ent]e? into ?9e he>t1 & k is pleasant to ?y s\l1 discretion %all pres]ve !e1 und]/&+ %all keep !e40 7,prov4 ii4 #i-aa47 ,! vot>ies ( false religion are1 on ! contr>y1 describ$ z devoid ( all wisdom4 8,!y are altoge!r bruti% & fooli%2 ! /ock is a doctr9e ( vanities40 7,j]4 x4 #h47 ,& aga91 8,none consid]e? 9 8 he>t1 nei!r is !re k nor und]/&+ to say1 ,i h burn$ "p ( x 9 ! fire2 yea1 also1 ,i h bak$ bread on ! coals !re(2 ,i h roa/$ fle% & eat5 x2 & %all ,i make ! residue !re( an abom9ation8 ,%all ,i fall d[n to ! /ock ( a tree8 ,he fe$e? on a%es2 a deceiv$ he>t ha? turn$ him aside1 t he _c deliv] 8 s\l1 nor say1 ,is !re n a lie 9 my "r h&80 7,isaiah xliv4 #ai1 #bj47 ,accord+ to ^! passages ( ,scripture1 wisdom is a te/ ( true religion1 & folly ( a false "o1 let u !n apply ?is te/ to ! religion ( ! oral law1 does x comm5d itself to ! und]/&+ by its wisdom1 & ! wisdom ( its tea*]s8 ,x is true1 t x speaks well ( itself1 & calls all its doctors 8,wise m510 b ! *apt] on amulets1 q fre% 9 ! memory ( our read]s1 excites "s d\bts ^u ! subject1 ?\gh ( ^! we consid] only ! !ory4 ,! hi/ories1 :i* ! ,talmud gives ( ! ,rabb9ical practice ) reg>d to su* *>ms1 lead to ! inevitable conclusion t wisdom is n "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! oral law4 ,take = example ! foll[+ direction to /op a ble$+ at ! nose3-- 8,= a ble$+ at ! nose1 let a man be br\ght :o is a prie/1 & ^: "n is ,levi1 & let him write ! ^w ,levi backw>ds4 ,if ?is _c be done1 get a layman1 & let him write ! foll[+ words backw>ds3--#8,ana pipi ,%ila b> ,sumki2'#bc or let him write ^! words1 #8,taam dli bemi keseph1 taam li bemi paggan2'#bd or let him take a root ( grass1 & ! cord ( an old b$1 & pap] & saffron1 & ! r$ "p ( ! inside ( a palm tree1 & let him burn !m toge!r1 & let him take "s wool1 & twi/ two ?reads1 & let him dip !m 9 v9eg>1 & !n roll !m 9 ! a%es1 & put !m into 8 nose4 ,or let him look out = a small /ream ( wat] t fl[s f ea/ to we/1 & let him g & /& ) "o leg on ea* side ( x1 & let him take ) 8 "r h& "s mud f "u 8 left foot1 & ) 8 left h& f "u 8 "r foot1 & let him twi/ two ?reads ( wool1 & dip !m 9 ! mud1 & put !m into 8 no/rils4 ,or let him be plac$ "u a sp\t1 & let wat] be br\ght & p\r$ ^u him1 & let !m say1 #8,z ?is wat] ceases to fl[1 s let ! blood ( ,m41 ! son ( ! woman ,n41 also cease4'0 7,gitt91 fol4 #fi1 col4 #a47 ,n[ we ask any ,jew ( common s5se1 :e!r ?is passage sav\rs mo/ ( wisdom or folly8 ,v9eg> & wat] may be v useful 9 su* a case1 or ev5 mud1 if us$ 9 suffici5t quantity1 might /op up ! nose1 & !re=e /op ! ble$+ too1 b :at mann] ( b5efit c proce$ f ! ^w ,levi writt5 backw>ds1 or f ^? words :i* ,ra%i pron\nces to be magical8 ,:y is ! mud ( wat] fl[+ f ea/ to we/ m efficaci\s1 & :y is x to be tak5 ) ! "r h& f "u ! left foot1 & ) ! left h& f "u ! "r foot8 ,pla9ly because ! au?ors ( ?is passage ?\ght !re 0 "s *>m or magic p[]1 & _! m9ds 7 s ov]p[]$ by sup]/ition1 z to lead !m to disreg>d ! pla9 words ( ,moses =bidd+ all magic4 ,x _c be pret5d$ t ?is is a r>e case1 ! ,talmud ab\nds 9 su* rem$ies1 all equally wise4 ,= in/ance1 take ! foll[+ mode ( treatm5t = ! scrat* or bite ( a mad dog3-- 1 1 1 8,! rabbies h h&$ d[n ! tradition1 t !re are five ?+s to be obs]v$ ( a mad dog3 8 m\? is op51 8 saliva fl[s1 8 e>s hang d[n1 8 tail is betwe5 8 legs1 & he goes by ! sides ( ! ways4 ,"s say also1 t he b>ks1 b 8 voice is n he>d4 ,:at is ! cause ( 8 madness8 ,rav says1 x proce$s f ?is1 t ! wit*es are mak+ _! sport ) him4 ,samuel says1 x is an evil _s t re/s ^u him4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce8 ,! diff]5ce is ?is1 t 9 ! latt] case he is to be kill$ by "s missile weapon4 ,! tradition#be agrees ) ,samuel1 = x says1 ,9 kill+ him no o!r mode is to be us$ b ! ca/+ ( "s missile weapon4 ,if a mad dog scrat* any "o1 he is 9 dang]2 b if he bite him he w die4 ,9 case ( a scrat* !re is dang]2 :at !n is ! rem$y8 ,let ! man ca/ (f 8 clo!s & run away4 ,rav ,huna1 ! son ( ,rav ,jo%ua1 0 once scrat*$ 9 ! /reet by "o ( !m2 he imm$iately ca/ (f 8 clo!s & ran away4 ,he also says1 ,i fulfill$ 9 myself ^? words1 #8,wisdom give? life to !m t h x4' 7,eccles4 vii4 #ab47 ,9 case ( a bite1 ! man w die2 :at !n is ! rem$y8 ,abai says1 ,he mu/ take ! sk9 ( a male add]1 & write ^u x ^! words1 #8,i1 ,m41 ! son ( ! woman ,n41 ^u ! sk9 ( a male add]1 ,i write aga9/ !e1 ,kanti1 ,kanti1 ,klirus4' ,"s say1 #8,k&i1 ,k&i1 ,klurus1 ,jah1 ,jah1 ,"l ( ,ho/s1 ,am51 ,am51 ,selah4' ,let him also ca/ (f 8 clo!s1 & bury !m 9 ! grave-y>d = twelve mon?s ( ! ye>2 !n let him take !m up & burn !m 9 an ov51 & let him scatt] ! a%es at ! p>t+ ( ! roads4 ,b dur+ ^! twelve mon?s ( ! ye>1 :5 he dr9ks wat]1 let him dr9k out ( no?+ b a brass tube1 le/ he %\ld see ! phantom-=m ( ! demon & be endang]$4 ,?is 0 tri$ by ,abba1 ! son ( ,m>?a1 :o is ! same z ,abba1 ! son ( ,manjumi4 ,8 "m made a gold5 tube = him40 7,joma1 fol4 #hc1 col4 #a47 ,?is is a v pla9 case ( ! use ( an amulet & ( magic1 b :e!r x be a pro( ( pr(\nd wisdom we leave to ! judgm5t ( ! read]4 ,:at good c ! poor man get f c]ta9 words writt5 on ! sk9 ( a male add]8 or f fir/ bury+ & !n burn+ 8 clo!s1 & scatt]+ ! a%es on ! cross-roads8 ,x _c be pret5d$ t ?is is m$ical treatm5t1 & /ill less t x is ! treatm5t comm&$ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,if x _h pleas$ ,god to comm& all ?is1 we %\ld n only submit1 b gladly recomm5d ?is recipe 9 e simil> case4 ,to ,god ,almighty no man c prescribe4 ,he *ooses :at means he pleases1 & may d s because 8 omnipot5ce c r5d] !m effectual4 ,he heal$ ! ,israelites bitt5 by ! fi]y s]p5ts by ! sight ( ! braz5 image1 & he cur$ ,naaman's leprosy by ba?+ 9 ! wat]s ( ,jordan4 ,:atev] !n be ! means :i* ,he prescribes1 our highe/ wisdom is to make use ( !m4 ,b z he has n prescrib$ ! means recomm5d$ by ! ,talmud1 b =bidd5 !m 9 8 g5]al prohibition ( magic1 we mu/ say t ! man :o uses !m has bid adieu to all true wisdom4 ,no wond]1 !n1 if 8 own inv5tions are /amp$ ) folly4 ,b :at w our read]s ?9k ( ! cause ( ! can9e madness "h assign$8 8,rav says1 ,x proce$s f ! wit*es :o are mak+ _! sport ) him4 ,samuel says1 ,x is an evil _s t re/s ^u him40 ,rav believ$1 !n1 t ,god1 ^: m]cies are ov] all 8 works1 all[s wick$ wom5 to torm5t 8 creatures1 & to inflict ^u !m a dreadful malady to make sport = !mselves4 ,is ?is wise1 is x accord+ to ,scripture8 ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ! oral law2 & if ,jesus ( ,naz>e? _h n prote/$ aga9/ x1 & taught a true doctr9e by ass]t+ ! tru? ( ,scripture1 ?is w\ld be ! univ]sal doctr9e & practice ( ! ,jews4 ,:oev] believes ! ,talmud1 mu/ believe 9 ?is & all ! o!r follies :i* x conta9s4 ,:oev] rejects ^! ?+s1 confesses t ! ,talmud conta9s :at is false & fooli%1 & !reby %akes or r ov]?r[s its au?ority4 ,"s p]son w p]haps say t simil> sup]/itions & follies h be5 f\nd among/ ,*ri/ians4 ,we grant t ?is has be5 ! case :]ev] ,*ri/ians h dep>t$ f ! writt5 ,^w ( ,god1 b c any?+ simil> be f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,t book is our /&>d ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,z y say t ! oral law is ( div9e au?ority1 we say t ! ,new ,te/am5t is ( div9e au?ority4 ,we po9t out to y ^! follies1 n 9 individual ,jews1 b 9 y\r book ( au?ority4 ,if y w\ld make out a p>allel case1 y mu/ d ! same4 ,b y _c4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t has no?+ ( ! k9d2 & x is = y to expla9 h[ ?is happ5s t ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* y believe to be false1 is entirely free f e ?+ ( ! k9d4 ,fur!r1 we ask e "r-m9d$ ,israelite1 :e!r he is n %ock$ at t pr(anation ( ! rev]5d & holy names ( ,god :i* is "h n only c\nt5anc$ b prescrib$4 ,:at c a dev\t ,jew ?9k ei!r ( ! man or ! book t tells u to write ! names1 8,jah1 ,jah1 ! ,"l ( ,ho/s10 by ! side ( su* nons5se z ,kanti1 ,kanti1 ,klurus8 ,w\ld he say t ?is is consi/5t ) true religion8 ,& yet ?is pr(ane use ( ! "n ( ,god = magical purposes1 is n r>e 9 ! ,talmud4 ,! foll[+ is ano!r in/ance3-- 1 1 1 8,rabbah says1 ,!y t g d[n to ! sea h told me1 t :5 a wave is go+ to ov]:elm a %ip1 sp>ks ( :ite light are se5 on its head4 ,b if we /rike x ) a /aff on :i* are grav$ ! words1 #8,i am t ,i am1 ,jah1 ,"l ( ,ho/s1 ,am51 ,am51 ,selah1' x subsides4 ,!y t g d[n to ! sea h told me1 t ! di/ance betwe5 "o wave & ano!r1 is ?ree hundr$ miles4 ,x happ5$ once t we 7 mak+ a voyage1 & we rais$ a wave until we saw ! re/+-place ( ! lea/ ( all ! />s4 ,x 0 l>ge en\gh to s[ =ty bu%els ( mu/>d se$1 & if we _h rais$ x m we %\ld h be5 burn$ by ! vap\r ( ! />4 ,"o wave rais$ its voice & call$ to its companion1 ,o1 companion1 ha/ ?\ left any?+ 9 ! _w t ?\ ha/ n ov]fl[$8 ,come1 & let u de/roy x4 ,x repli$1 ,come & see ! p[] ( ?y ,"l4 ,i c\ld n ov]pass ! s& ev5 a hair's-bread?1 = x is writt51 #8,fe> ye n me8 sai? ! ,"l3 w ye n tremble at my pres5ce1 :i* h plac$ ! s& = ! b\nd ( ! sea1 by a p]petual decree t x _c pass x8' 7,j]4 v4 #bb470 7,bava ,ba?ra1 fol4 #gc1 col4 #a47 ,"h is ! same pr(anation ( ! peculi> & holy names ( ,god3 x is to be engrav$ on a /aff ei!r to lay or to raise ! waves4 ,b besides ! pr(anity1 j consid] ! folly ( ?is :ole /ory4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x ascribes to m51 no matt] :e!r !y are good or wick$1 absolute p[] ov] ! waves ( ! sea4 ,anybody c engrave ^? names ( ,god ^u a /aff1 anybody c use ! /aff to /rike ! sea1 & ?us a wick$ man1 )\t ei!r fai?1 fe>1 or love ( ,god1 may make & use an in/rum5t :i* almo/ inve/s him ) omnipot5ce4 ,is x possible t any son ( ,israel c be s cr$ul\s z to believe su* manife/ absurdity8 ,b ?is /ory rem9ds u aga9 ( ! utt] disreg>d ( tru? :i* *>act]ises ! ,talmud4 ,"h we are told t1 by p[] ( ?is magic /aff1 a wave 0 rais$ s high z to enable ^? travell]s to see ! re/+-place ( ! smalle/ ( all ! />s1 & t s di/9ctly1 too1 z to be able to make a good guess at its measure4 ,! slighte/ k ( mod]n a/ronomy is suffici5t to %[ n only ! improbability1 b ! utt] impossibility ( any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,! lea/ ( ! />s visible to ! nak$ eye is at an almo/ immeasurable di/ance f ! e>?1 s z to make x p]fectly ludicr\s to talk ( a wave be+ rais$ to su* a height4 ,all ! wat] on ! face ( ! globe w\ld be f> f suffici5t = ! =mation ( "o su* wave4 ,b ! ,talmud intimates t !y _h ! p[] ( rais+ x /ill high]1 & 7 prev5t$ only by ! fe> ( be+ scor*$4 ,b ! ,talmud is n satisfi$ ) ^! wond]s1 x goes on to describe a conv]sation betwe5 two waves4 ,! comm5tator1 :o evid5tly believ$ e ^w ( ! /ory1 sugge/ t ?is conv]sation 0 c>ri$ on by ! angels presid+ ov] ! waves4 1 8,! wave lift$ up 8 voice1 t is1 x cri$1 & s we f9d1 #8,deep calle? unto deep4' ,& p]haps ?is means ! angels :o 7 set ov] !m40 ,! comm5tator1 x appe>s1 _h no d\bt ( ! tru? ( ! /ory1 & h[ %\ld he h1 if he believ$ 9 ! ,div9e au?ority ( ! ,talmud8 ,b we ask our read]s d !y believe ?is /ory--& if !y d n1 :y n8 ,because x is too absurd1 & too f> beyond ! b\nds ( possibility4 ,c1 !n1 a book t sw>ms ) simil> acc\nts be f ,god8 ,by :at means did all ^! ?+s ab\t magic1 a/rology1 amulets1 magical cures1 & /aves1 get into ! ,talmud8 ,no d\bt !y 7 put 9 by ! au?ors4 ,ei!r1 !n1 ! au?ors believ$ 9 all ^! ?+s1 or !y did n4 ,if !y did n believe 9 !m1 !n !y 7 evid5tly bad m51 :o delib]ately wrote falsehood4 ,b if !y did believe ^! ?+s1 !n1 ?\gh n guilty ( wilful falsehood1 !y 7 cr$ul\s1 sup]/iti\s p]sons1 :o _h no cle> idea ( ! religion ( ,moses & ! prophets2 & 9 ei!r case !y are mo/ unsafe guides 9 religion4 ,x is = ! ,jews ( ! pres5t day to consid] :e!r !y w /ill adh]e to a sy/em t involves ! belief ( s _m incr$ibilities & sanctions ! pr(anation ( ! names ( ,god = ! purposes ( magic4 ,eighte5 c5turies are surely long en\gh to h rema9$ 9 su* ?ick d>kness4 ,^? :o h be5 br\ght up 9 su* a sy/em ought n[1 at lea/1 to arise & ask :at h !y & _! =efa!rs be5 ab\t all ?is :ile8 ,& h[ x is t ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* !y h reject$1 is entirely free f su* de=mities8 ,some?+ has be5 decid$ly wrong1 or ! *os5 p ( ,god c\ld n h rema9$ s long 9 captivity1 unhe$$ & unhelp$ by ! ,holy ,"o ( ,israel4 ,an exhibition ( ! doctr9es ( ! oral law expla9s ! cause4 ,israel has dep>t$ f ! religion ( ,moses1 & p]t9aci\sly adh]$ to a sy/em comp\nd$ ( human inv5tions1 & idolatr\s hea!nism4 ,!y call ,moses _! ma/]1 & say t ! oral law is d]iv$ f him1 b if we may f ! "w1 =m a conjecture ab\t ! au?or1 x is mu* m probably a tradition f ! magicians ( ,egypt or ! wit* ( ,endor4 ,& if x _h be5 h&$ d[n z su*--if ! ,israelites _h pres5t$ ! ,talmud to ! _w & _! po/]ity z "p ( ! heavy yoke ( ,egypt1 we %\ld n h be5 a/oni%$ at ! univ]sality ( its reception4 ,b t ,israel %\ld ev] h be5 s f> impos$ ^u1 z to believe t ,moses or ! prophets ev] _h any?+ to d ) ! oral law appe>s almo/ inexplicable4 ,h[ev] unwill+ "o may be to apply to fell[-s9n]s any prophecy t conta9s a d5unciation ( ,god's wra?1 "o _c help ask+1 0 x ( ?is t ! prophet said1 8,! ,"l ha? p\r$ out ^u y ! _s ( deep sleep1 & ha? clos$ y\r eyes2 ! prophets & y\r rul]s ! se]s ha? he cov]$4 ,& ! vision ( all is become unto y z ! words ( a book t is seal$1 :i* m5 deliv] to "o t is le>n$1 say+1 read ?is1 ,i pray !e2 & he sai?1 ,i _c1 = x is seal$3 & ! book is deliv]$ to him t is n le>n$1 say+1 ,read ?is1 ,i pray !e1 & he sai?1 ,i am n le>n$40 7,isaiah xxix4 #aj-ab47 ,?is "q is1 h[ev]1 f> m important to ,israel ?an to u1 & to !m we leave ! answ]4 ,"s w /ill p]si/ 9 ! ass]tion t ?is hea!ni% comp\nd is ! highe/ wisdom4 ,! great majority ( ! nation is devot$ to ! ,talmud1 :i* is /ill ! ci/]n :5ce ! synagogues endeav\r to draw ! wat]s ( life4 ,! multitude does x 9 ignorance1 !y are1 !re=e1 n s culpable4 ,b !re are _m t "k bett]1 :at !n is ! reason t !y d n /ra9 e n]ve to deliv] _! bre?r58 ,^! few d n suff] ! oral law to int]f]e ei!r ) _! bus9ess or _! conv5i5ce4 ,!y pr(ane ! ,sabba?1 eat ,g5tile food1 c>ry on _! bus9ess on fea/s & fe/ivals4 ,if !y d all ?is on pr9ciple1 :y n prote/ aga9/ error8 ,is x because !y are indiff]5t to ! welf>e ( _! bre?r58 ,if indiff]5ce be ! only fruit ( ?is intellectual progress1 in/ead ( ris+ above1 !y h sunk bel[ sup]/ition itself4 ,footnote #bc3 ,! only explanation :i* ,ra%i gives ( ^! words is 8,x is a *>m40 ,footnote #bd3 ,lit]ally1 8,x is a *>m40--,ra%i4 ,footnote #be3 ,! ,b>ei?a4 ,no4 ,,xxvi4 ,,*>ms ,,cont9u$4 ,if m5 w\ld only employ 9 religion a little ( t common s5se & e>ne/ness1 :i* !y f9d s necess>y = ! affairs ( ?is life1 !y w\ld by ,god's bless+ soon arrive at ! tru?4 ,= example1 if ! fa!r ( a family %\ld f9d1 t by foll[+ ! advice ( a physician1 sickness & dea? 7 con/ant gue/s1 he w\ld soon look out = ano!r2 & he w\ld be mu* quick5$ 9 8 measures1 if ?is physician's c\nsel _h produc$ ! same results 9 ! h\se ( 8 fa!r & 8 gr&fa!r4 ,he w\ld n ?9k x any %ame1 "u su* circum/ances1 to *ange 8 fa!r's physician = ano!r2 on ! contr>y1 he w\ld ?9k1 & mo/ m5 w\ld agree ) him1 t x w\ld be bo? a s9 & a %ame to reta9 him4 ,n[ let ,israel make ! application to _! spiritual physicians1 ! ,scribes1 ,ph>isees1 & ,rabbies4 ,= _m c5turies !y h punctually foll[$ _! advice1 & ! consequ5ce has be5 "o mis=tune aft] ano!r1 & c5turies ( exile f ! l& :i* ,god gave to _! fa!rs2 ! v contr>y ( t :i* ,god has promis$4 ,god has said1 if ! ,jews w obey ! religion ( ,moses1 t !y %all be re/or$ to _! l&4 8,x %all come to pass 444 if ?\ %alt return unto ! ,"l ?y ,god1 & %alt obey 8 voice accord+ to all t ,i comm& !e ?is day1 ?\ & ?y *ildr51 ) all ?y he>t & ) all ?y s\l2 t !n ! ,"l ?y ,god w turn ?y captivity1 & h compassion ^u !e1 & w return & ga!r !e f all nations10 c4 7,deut4 xxx4 #b1 #c47 ,! ,jews h obey$ ! comm&s ( ! rabbies1 & h n be5 ga!r$2 :at is ! conclusion8 ,ei!r t ,god's promise has fail$1 :i* is impossible1 or t ! religion ( ! rabbies is n ! religion ( ,moses4 ,su* is ! inevitable conclusion f ! words ( ,moses & ! facts ( ! case2 let x !n lead ! suff]]s to exam9e ! religion :i* !y h hi!rto pr(ess$4 ,a v little exam9ation w conv9ce any reasonable man1 t x is a fe>ful corruption ( div9e tru?1 a compilation made by m5 :o pr(ess$ to be a/rolog]s & magicians4 ,let n ! ,jews ?9k t our op9ion is ! result ( prejudice4 ,x has be5 delib]ately =m$ on evid5ce furni%$ by ! oral law itself4 ,if we are wrong1 let ! rabbies prove ! contr>y4 ,let !m1 = example1 expla9 ! foll[+ law ( mod]n ,judaism4 8,if any p]son be bitt5 by a scorpion or a s]p5t1 x is lawful to *>m ! place ( ! bite1 ev5 on ! ,sabba?-day1 9 ord] to quiet 8 m9d1 & to enc\rage 8 he>t1 al?\gh x is a ?+ utt]ly pr(itless4 ,because ! man is 9 dang]1 !y h pron\nc$ ?is lawful = him t 8 m9d may n be di/ract$40 7,hil*o? ,accum4 c4 xi4 #aa47 ,"h ! rabbies h all[$ :at ,god has absolutely =bidd54 ,! m5 :o pr(ess su* rev]5ce = ! ,sabba? all[ x to be pr(an$ by magic1 :i* is "o ( ! works ( ! devil4 ,rambam1 ^: words we h j quot$1 felt t x 0 bo? wick$ & fooli%1 & has !re=e endeav\r$ to furni% an excuse1 say+ t x is ( no use1 & is only all[$ to quiet ! m9d ( ! suff]]4 ,b t does n alt] ! unlawfulness4 ,besides1 :at sort ( op9ion c\ld ,rambam & ! rabbies h _h ( ! ,jews1 :5 !y say t magic is p]mitt$ 9 ord] to quiet _! m9ds8 ,!y evid5tly suppos$ t ! ,jews 7 a weak & sup]/iti\s p1 :o believ$ s firmly 9 *>ms1 t ! use ( !m w\ld quiet ! m9d2 & s ignorant or c>eless ab\t ,god's comm&m5ts1 t !y c\ld be com=t$ by _! transgressions4 ,! excuse1 !re=e1 only makes ! case worse4 ,x takes = grant$ t ! pr(essors ( ! oral law are ignorant & sup]/iti\s2 & !n to quiet _! m9ds all[s ! transgression ( ! law ( ,moses1 & t on ! ,sabba?-day4 ,b ?is excuse is altoge!r ,rambam's inv5tion4 ,! orig9al passage 9 ! ,talmud says no?+ ab\t quiet+ ! man's m9d1 x simply says-- 8,x is lawful to *>m s]p5ts & scorpions on ! ,sabba?-day40 7,sanh$r91 fol4 #aja1 col4 #a47 ,& ,ra%i's comm5t>y on ! passage-- 8,t !y may n d injury40 ,?is man1 !n1 :o sp5t 8 life 9 ! /udy ( ! ,talmud1 knew no?+ ( ,rambam's apology4 ,he pla9ly believ$ t by *>m+ s]p5ts on ! ,sabba?1 !y might be prev5t$ f do+ h>m1 & t on ?is acc\nt1 & n = ! purpose ( quiet+ ! m9d1 !y 7 p]mitt$ s to d4 ,?is 0 also ! op9ion ( t fam\s exp\nd] ( ,jewi% law1 ! ,baal ,turim1 = aft] quot+ ,rambam's words1 he adds3-- 1 8,if any p]son be pursu$ by a s]p5t or a scorpion1 x is lawful to *>m x to prev5t x f do+ injury4 ,rambam has writt51 ,he t *>ms a w\nd1 or reads a v]se f ! law 7z a *>m71 & also he t reads ov] an infant t x may n be afraid1 or :o lays a roll ( ! law or phylact]ies ^u a *ild1 are n only to be acc\nt$ z "o ( ! *>m]s & magicians1 b z ( ! d5i]s ( ! law1 = !y use ! words ( ! law z m$ic9e = ! body1 :]eas x is only a m$ic9e = ! s\l4 ,r4 ,isaac says absolutely1 t he :o *>ms a w\nd1 m5tion+ at ! same "t ! "n ( ,god & spitt+1 is ! *>m] ( :om x is said t he has no %>e 9 ! _w to come3 b if he does n spit1 ! matt] is n s grave4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 =bidd5 to use a v]se z a *>m ov] a w\nd1 ev5 ?\gh !re w be no spitt+ nor m5tion+ ! "n ( ,god4 ,b if life be 9 dang]1 e ?+ is lawful2 & x is lawful to read a v]se z a def5ce1 = in/ance at night 9 b$40 7,joreh ,deah4 #agi47 ,f ?is x is pretty pla9 t ! *>m+ ( s]p5ts 0 all[$1 n z ,rambam says to quiet ! m9d ( him t _h be5 bitt51 b to prev5t injury1 = x is all[$ be=e ! man is bitt5 at all1 if he be only pursu$ by a s]p5t or a scorpion4 ,b :at a picture does ?is :ole passage give u ( ! religi\s /ate ( ! ,rabb9ic ,jews1 bo? rabbies & p4 ,"h y h ! p describ$1 n by ,*ri/ians1 b by ! rabbies !mselves1 z sunk 9 ! dep?s ( sup]/ition1 us+ a seph] torah1 a roll ( ! law1 or phylact]ies z a sort ( *>m = ! b5efit ( *ildr51 & y h ! rabbies =bidd+ ?is at "o "t1 b all[+ :at is equally =bidd5 by ,god1 to *>m s]p5ts3 &1 9 case ( dang]1 decl>+ t 8,e ?+ is lawful10 t is1 all[+ !m to d :at w make !m1 accord+ to ,rambam's op9ion1 *>m]s1 magicians1 & d5i]s ( ! law4 ,& ?is is ! ,jewi% religion1 & ?is is :at ! ,jews h ga9$ by reject+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,we1 poor ,g5tiles1 :o _c trace our p$igree to ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 %\ld be a%am$ ( su* follies4 ,& if su* wick$ hea!ni% practices 7 to be f\nd 9 our religi\s books1 we w\ld n let an h\r pass ov] until we _h lift$ up our voice & prote/$ aga9/ !m1 & %\ld use e lawful means to deliv] our *ildr5 f su* ungodl9ess & error4 ,we h n[ giv5 quotations f ! two great dige/s ( ,jewi% law on ! subject ( us+ *>ms1 b x is wor? :ile to consid] ! context ( ! orig9al passage1 ^u :i* ^! laws are bas$1 z t w prove t ! ,talmud has n be5 misrepres5t$ by its compil]s4 8,our rabbies h h&$ d[n ! tradition t x is lawful to ano9t & rub ! /oma* 7( a sick man7 on ! ,sabba?1 also to *>m s]p5ts & scorpions on ! ,sabba?3 also to pass an in/rum5t across ! eye on ! ,sabba?4 ,r4 ,simeon1 ! son ( ,gamaliel1 says1 t ?is only applies to an in/rum5t :i* may be mov$1#bf b ) "o t may n be mov$1 x is unlawful4 ,b x is unlawful on ! ,sabba? to make inquiry ( demons4 ,r4 ,jose says1 ?is is also unlawful on week-days4 ,rav ,huna says1 ! decision is n accord+ to ,r4 ,jose3 & ,r4 ,jose himself said ?is only on acc\nt ( dang]1 = t is :at occurr$ 9 ! case ( ,r4 ,isaac1 ! son ( ,joseph1 :o 0 swall[$ up 9 a c$> tree1 b a miracle 0 wr\ght = him--! c$> op5$ & ca/ him out40 7,sanh$r91 fol4 #aja1 col4 #a47 ,we h "h1 fir/1 ! *>m+ ( s]p5ts2 we ask1 !n1 c\ld ! ,talmudic doctors really believe 9 su* folly or all[ su* wick$ness on ! ,sabba?8 ,is !re any misund]/&+1 or does ! context %[1 t !y 7 m5 ( t sup]/iti\s turn ( m9d to ju/ify ?is idea8 ,! context is all ( a piece1 = aft] p]mitt+ ! *>m+ ( s]p5ts1 x goes on to discuss ! lawfulness ( ask+ c\nsel ( demons1 & "h ,ra%i %all expla9 :at ?is means3-- 8,to make inquiry ( demons1 is :at !y d :5 any ?+ is lo/4 ,!y make inquiry by ! "w ( demons1 & !y tell !m1 & ?is is =bidd5 on ! ,sabba?1 on acc\nt ( ! words1 #8,n f9d+ ?9e own pleasure4' 7,isaiah lviii4 #ac470 ,?is is pla9ly a magical op]ation1 b yet ! rabbies d n say t x is unlawful because x is magical1 b because x w\ld be att5d+ to "o's own conc]ns4 ,9 l mann]1 !y say1 x is unlawful on week-days1 only on acc\nt ( ! dang]4 ,& an in/ance is giv5 9 ,rabbi ,isaac ( :at might happ52 & "h1 aga91 we ask c\nsel ( ,ra%i1 9 ord] to und]/& :at ,rabbi ,isaac 0 ab\t4 ,?is comm5tator tells u3-- 8,he 0 ask+ c\nsel1 by means ( a demoniacal op]ation1 & ! demon s\ght to d him an injury1 b a miracle 0 wr\ght = him1 & a c$> tree swall[$ him40 ,su*1 !n1 is ! context1 ^? m5 :o p]mit ! *>m+ ( s]p5ts1 also tea* ! doctr9e ( ask+ advice ( demons1 & give u a practical example 9 "o ( _! fri5ds4 ,!re c1 !re=e1 be no mi/ake2 ! "o feature ( _! religi\s sy/em exactly agrees ) ! o!r3 & ! au?ors ( ! oral law repres5t !mselves z patrons & practis]s ( *>ms & magic1 & !re=e to e lov] ( ! ,mosaic law1 z unwise & ungodly m54 ,x is1 h[ev]1 curi\s to see h[ !y endeav\r$ to quiet _! own consci5ce1 & t ( ! p1 9 a matt] s evid5tly repugnant to ! pla9 words ( ,scripture4 ,!y pret5d$1 t !re 0 a holy sort ( magic 9 ! practical ,cabbala1 :i* m5 might le>n1 & !n p]=m ! greate/ miracles4 8,if ! righte\s wi%$1 !y might create ! _w1 = x is writt51 #8,b y\r s9s sep>ate1 c4' ,rabba creat$ a man1 & s5t him to ,rabbi ,zira4 ,he spoke ) him1 b :5 ! o!r did n answ] him1 he said1 ,?\ art f ! magicians1 return to ?y du/4 ,rav ,*an9a & ,rav ,o%aia us$ to sit e ,sabba? eve & /udy ! book ( ,jetzirah1 & !n creat$ = !mselves a ?ree-ye>s-old calf1 & ate x40 7,sanh$r91 fol4 #fe1 col4 #b47 ,! second miracle is "h ascrib$ to ! /udy ( a c]ta9 book4 ,9 ,ra%i ! fir/ miracle p]=m$ by ,rabba is ascrib$ to ! same s\rce4 8,he creat$ ! man by means ( ! book ( ,jetzirah1 = x taught him ! comb9ation ( ! lett]s ( ! "n ( ,god40 ,accord+ to ?is acc\nt1 ^! rabbies 7 mu* great] m5 ?an ,moses or any ( ! prophets1 = 9 ! :ole ,old ,te/am5t !re is n "o su* miracle record$4 ,moses nev] creat$ any ?+1 nei!r did he p]=m any ( 8 miracles )\t ! help ( ,god4 ,ei!r ! ,"l imm$iately comm&$ him1 or he s\ght ! ,"l's help4 ,b ^! rabbies acquir$ ! p[] ( omnipot5ce by /udy+ a p>ticul> book1 & ex]cis$ x ei!r = _! amusem5t or _! pr(it4 ,rabba creat$ a man1 & s5t him to ,rabbi ,zira1 n z x appe>s to d any good1 or to glorify ,god1 b simply to %[ 8 p[]1 or to act a little bit ( wagg]y2 & ! o!r two creat$ a fat calf = !mselves e ,sabba? eve1 t !y might h a good d9n]4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! miracles & ^? record$ 9 ,scripture is obvi\s4 ,! ,scripture miracles are ei!r = ! glory ( ,god1 or ! good ( man4 ,! rabb9ical miracles are altoge!r = ! glory ( man1 & ! gratification ( self4 ,moses smote ! rock1 & suppli$ all ,israel ) wat]4 ,! rabbies create a calf1 & eat x !mselves4 ,no d\bt !re 7 _m poor p 9 ,israel at ! "t ( ,rabbies ,o%aia & ,*an9a1 :o w\ld h be5 v glad ( a calf = _! ,sabba? d9n]1 :y did !y n create a calf or two = !m8 ,?is selfi% falsehood betrays itself1 & be>s on its front its own condemnation4 ,! :ole doctr9e ( ! comb9ation ( ! lett]s 9 ! "n ( ,god is a pure inv5tion ( m51 ^: m9ds h be5 debas$ by sup]/ition4 ,!re is n a ^w ab\t x 9 ! :ole ,bible1 & x is d]ogatory to ! hon\r ( ,god1 :o is ! only ,creator4 ,! :ole ,talmudic doctr9e ( magic does1 h[ev]1 expla9 ! reason :y ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees 7 s little mov$ by ! real miracles ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? & 8 disciples4 ,_! m9ds 7 fully possess$ ) fai? 9 ! p[] ( cabali/ic magic1 !y !re=e 7 ins5sible to ! real displays ( div9e p[]4 ,!y 7 9 ! same /ate ( m9d z ,ph>aoh & 8 magicians1 :o look$ on ! miracles ( ,moses z a m]e pro( ( magical skill1 & h>d5$ _! he>ts4 ,ev5 :5 !y confess$ 8,?is is ! f+] ( ,god10 !y 7 n conv]t$4 ,ph>aoh /ill p]si/$ 9 8 resi/ance4 ,& s x 0 ) ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees4 ,:5 ! ,"l _h rais$ ,laz>us f ! dead1 8!n ga!r$ ! *ief prie/s & ! ,ph>isees 9 c\ncil1 & said1 ,:at d we8 = ?is man doe? _m miracles40 ,!y ackn[l$g$ ! fact ( ! miracles1 b did n receive _! evid5ce1 = !y believ$ t ! /udy ( ! book ( ,jetzirah w\ld enable !m to d great]4 ,no miracle1 !re=e1 c\ld conv9ce !m4 ,b besides ?is1 _! he>ts 7 corrupt1 & !y _h apo/atiz$ f ! law ( ,moses2 !y !re=e did n love ! tru?4 ,!y _h turn$ aside to *>ms & magic1 & ask+ c\nsel ( demons2 & :5 m5 d ?is1 ! und]/&+ becomes d>k5$1 s t x is r5d]$ imp]vi\s to ! light4 ,_! unbelief1 !re=e1 becomes an evid5ce to ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,if su* transgressors ( ! law ( ,moses1 & su* unblu%+ relat]s ( falsehood _h believ$1 x w\ld h ca/ a %ade ( suspicion ov] ! :ole ,gospel hi/ory4 ,if ! m51 :o say t ,rabba creat$ a man1 & ! two o!r wor?ies creat$ a calf e week1 _h appe>$ z witnesses = ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! miracles ( ! ,gospel w\ld h appe>$ 9 "o category ) ^! mo/ absurd fictions4 ,b :5 su* m5 appe> z ! enemies & p]secutors ( ,jesus1 x te/ifies t ,he 0 n "o ( !m1 & t z !y 7 bad m51 & lov$ a false sy/em1 8 doctr9e mu/ necess>ily h _h some?+ good 9 x1 or !y w\ld n h oppos$ x4 ,b ?is doctr9e expla9s /ill m cle>ly ! cause ( ,god's wra? aga9/ ,israel4 ,! ,jews boa/ t s9ce ! ,babylonian captivity1 !y h be5 free f idolatry1 b ?is is n true4 ,!y h n made images1 t is1 !y h avoid$ ! =m1 b !y h reta9$ all ! sub/ance ( idolatr\s hea!nism4 ,! man :o *>ms a s]p5t is an idolat]1 & ! religion :i* p]mits x is idolatr\s & hea!ni%4 ,! man :o asks c\nsel ( demons is an idolat] ( ! wor/ class1 = he does homage to unclean spirits4 ,he turns 8 back ^u ! allwise ,god1 :o ought to be ! c\nsellor ( all 8 *ildr51 & by mak+ demons 8 advis]s1 makes !m 8 gods1 & yet ?is is also all[$ 9 ! religion ( ! rabbies if x c be done )\t dang]4 ,^? ,jews1 !re=e1 :o believe 9 ! oral law--t is1 all ,jews :o make use ( ! synagogue pray]s1 h dep>t$ f ! law & ! ,god ( ,moses1 & h *os5 = !mselves ! doctr9es & ! gods ( ! rabbies4 ,h[ !n c ,god h compassion ^u !m & ga!r !m8 ,! ?+ is impossible1 until !y utt]ly r5\nce all ^! delusions1 confess _! s9 9 hav+ foll[$ !m s long1 & 8return & seek ! ,"l _! ,god & ,david _! k+40 ,a long trial has be5 made ( ! rabb9ical m$ic9e1 & x has altoge!r fail$4 ,:]ev] ! religion ( ! oral law has be5 or is pr$om9ant1 its sway has be5 m>k$ by ! mis]y ( ! p4 ,& ! fir/ dawn ( a happi] day has appe>$ only s9ce ! "t t a "p ( ! nation bur/ ! fett]s ( rabb9ic sup]/ition4 ,comp>e ! /ate ( ! ,g]man ,jews ) t ( _! bre?r5 9 ,turkey or on ! coa/ ( ,morocco4 ,"s ( ! =m] h ab&on$ ! oral law1 & ! latt] /ill cl+ to x ) a bigot$ devotion2 & yet ! =m] h _h a bless+ 9 ! improvem5t ( _! temporal & intellectual condition1 & ! latt] /ill rema9 9 m5tal & corporeal slav]y4 ,! m]e r5unciation ( ,rabb9ism has produc$ ^! b5eficial effects1 & if ! ,jews ( ,europe g on f ! r5unciation ( error to ! atta9m5t ( tru?1 t is1 if !y return to ! religion ( ,moses & ! prophets1 ! promises ( ,god w be fulfill$1 & ! nation w be re/or$ to ! l& ( _! fa!rs4 ,! ,rabb9ic ,jews com=t !mselves ) ! idea1 t !y _c h ?is _w & ! _w to come too2 b !y conf\nd two ?+s :i* are p]fectly di/9ct1 ,god's mode ( deal+ ) individuals1 & 8 mode ( deal+ ) nations4 ,individuals h n only an exi/5ce 9 "t1 b = et]nity4 ,worldly mis=tune to an individual is1 !re=e1 no pro( ( ,god's displeasure1 because ! _w is only a "p1 & t ! smalle/ "p1 ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,b ! case ( nations is diff]5t4 ,!y exi/ only 9 "t1 & !re=e ! rew>ds & puni%m5ts mu/ be temporal1 & s ,god has uni=mly promis$ to ! ,jewi% p temporal prosp]ity1 9 case ( national ob$i5ce1 & temporal calamity 9 ! =m] case4 ,:5ev]1 !re=e1 we see ,israel exil$ f _! l& & scatt]$ among ! nations1 we mu/ inf]1 if ,moses has spok5 ! tru?1 t x is because !y h dep>t$ f ! ,god ( _! fa!rs4 ,footnote #bf3 ,su* z a key1 a r+1 or a knife4--,ra%i4 ,no4 ,,xxvii4 ,,sabbatic ,,laws4 ,h[ little ! oral law has hi!rto done to promote ! peace & happ9ess ( ,israel1 we consid]$ 9 our la/ numb]4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be repli$1 t x has n _h a fair trial1 & t ! failure is to be attribut$ r to ! p ?an to ! law4 ,?is possible reply naturally leads u to ?9k1 :at !n w\ld be ! /ate ( ,israel & ( ! _w at l>ge1 if ! oral law 7 univ]sally & exactly obs]v$1 & its disciples _h supreme dom9ion 9 ! _w8 ,suppose t all ! k+doms ( ! _w 7 melt$ into "o va/ & univ]sal mon>*y1 & ! sceptre sway$ by a dev\t & le>n$ rabbi1 & all ! magi/]ial (fices fill$ by able & zeal\s ,talmudi/s1 w\ld ! _w be happy8 ,?is is a fair "q1 & well des]ves consid]ation1 = !re c be no d\bt t true religion 0 int5d$ by its ,div9e ,au?or to promote ! happ9ess ( 8 creatures3-- 8,h] ways are ways ( pleasantness1 & all h] pa?s are peace40 7,prov4 iii4 #ag47 ,& t n ( a few1 b ( all )\t exception4 1 8,h we n all "o fa!r8 ,ha? n "o ,god creat$ u80 7,mal4 ii4 #aj47 ,t religion1 !re=e1 _c be ( ,god1 :i* w\ld make ! greate/ portion ( 8 creatures mis]able1 & conf] happ9ess on a v limit$ numb]4 ,! religion t came f heav51 :]ev] x exi/s1 mu/ conta9 ! elem5ts ( happ9ess = all nations1 & include all ! families ( man4 ,x mu/ exclude none b ! wilfully & ob/9ately wick$1 :o c>ry ! torm5ts ( hell 9 _! own bosom1 & w\ld be necess>ily unhappy ev5 9 heav5 itself4 ,a religion1 ^: pr9ciples1 if triumphant1 w\ld effect s desirable a consummation1 mu/ be true4 ,! "q is1 :e!r mod]n ,judaism1 if x _h full & free scope = ! realization ( all its pr9ciples1 w\ld be> su* bless$ fruit8 ,our late inquiries ab\t amulets & magic l$ u to consid] "s ( ! laws ab\t ! ,sabba?-day1 & z :5 true religion prevails1 ?is ought to be ! happie/ day ( ! week1 ! laws respect+ x %all furni% mat]ials = our answ]4 ,t a rabb9ical ,sabba? w\ld be ! happie/ day 9 ! week we mu* d\bt1 =1 9 ! fir/ place1 to keep ! rabb9ical ,sabba? aright1 x is necess>y to be p]fectly acqua9t$ ) all ! laws relat+ to x1 :i* are v _m & v intricate1 occupy+ ev5 9 ,rambam's comp5dium1 includ+ ! notes1 above "o hundr$ & sev5ty folio pages4#bg ,t any consci5ti\s man c be happy ) su* a load ( law ab\t 8 neck appe>s impossible4 ,he mu/ be 9 cont9ual fe> & trembl+ le/ he %\ld ?r\gh =getfulness or inadv]t5ce be guilty ( transgression1 & ! cont9u$ wat*fulness & anxiety w\ld be m intol]able ?an ! h>de/ lab\r4 ,b if ,rabb9ism wield$ ! supreme p[]1 he w\ld h to dread ! mo/ sev]e & imm$iate puni%m5t3-- 1 1 8,to re/ on ! sev5? day f "w is an affirmative precept1 = x is said1 #8,on ! sev5? day ?\ %alt re/4' ,:osoev]1 !re=e1 does any "w1 annuls an affirmative1 & transgresses a negative precept1 = x is said1 #8,?\ %alt d no mann] ( "w4' ,:at is meant by be+ guilty on acc\nt ( do+ "w8 ,if x be done volunt>ily & presumptu\sly1 ! mean+ is1 t he is liable to excision1 & if !re 7 witnesses & a w>n+1 he is to be /on$4 ,if he did x 9 error1 he mu/ br+ a c]ta9 s9-(f]+40 7,hil*o? ,%abba?1 c4 i4 #a47 ,?is s\nds some?+ l ! law ( ,moses1 b is 9 reality f> m sev]e4 ,! :ole =ce dep5ds ^u ! mean+ ( ! ^w 8"w10 & ! rabb9ical s5se w\ld entirely de/roy ! peace ( society4 ,if1 = in/ance1 a poor man c\ld n af=d to h 8 ,sabba? lamp burn all day1 & %\ld ext+ui% x to save ! oil2 or if a humane man %\ld see burn+ coals 9 "s place likely to d injury to o!rs1 & %\ld ext+ui% !m1 !y w\ld bo? be guilty1 & if "s zeal\s ,talmudi/s happ5$ to be pres5t1 & fir/ remon/rat$ ) !m on ! unlawfulness ( ! act1 !y w\ld bo? be tri$1 f\nd guilty1 & /on$ to dea?3-- 1 1 8,:osoev] does any "w on ! ,sabba?1 ev5 ?\gh he does n d x = ! sake ( ! "w itself1 is nev]!less guilty4 ,h[ s8 ,if1 = in/ance1 a man ext+ui%es a lamp1 because he wants ! oil or ! wick1 & wi%es t x %\ld n wa/e1 nor be burn$1 or t ! e>!nw>e "p ( ! lamp %\ld n be crack$2 inasmu* z ! ext+ui%+ is "w1 & 8 int5tion 0 to ext+ui% x3 al?\gh ! m]e act ( ext+ui%+ x 0 n ! ultimate object1 b on ! contr>y1 ! sav+ ( ! oil or ! wick1 or ! e>!n lamp1 he is1 nev]!less1 guilty4 ,& 9 l mann]1 :osoev]1 removes ?orns a di/ance ( f\r ells 9 a public place1 or :osoev] ext+ui%es coals to prev5t ! public f be+ injur$1 is guilty3 al?\gh ! ultimate object 0 n ! ext+ui%+ nor ! mov+1 b he simply int5d$ to prev5t ! injury1 he is guilty1 & s 9 all simil> cases40 7,ibid47 ,if ?is 7 ! law ( ! l&1 & ! executive 7 9 ! h&s ( ,talmudi/ic zealots1 ! peace ( ! _w w\ld be at an end4 ,! poor man c\ld n be happy1 :5 he saw 8 little prop]ty wa/+2 & ! humane man w\ld ei!r be made mis]able at ! ?\ght ( be+ able to prev5t mu* injury1 & yet n do+ x1 or w\ld h to expose himself to ! dang] ( a cruel & ignom9i\s dea?4 ,we "k en\gh ( ! g5]al "* ( ! ,jewi% nation to believe t !re are among/ !m ^? :o w\ld brave ! dang]1 ^: g5]\s he>ts w\ld rise above p]sonal consid]ations1 b h[ dreadful w\ld be ! consequ5ces6 ,a man ( a t5d] he>t1 ! fa!r ( a family1 w\ld be induc$1 by ! be/ ( feel+s1 to save 8 fell[-m5 f injury4 ,he w\ld return to 8 family1 & tell !m h[ ,god _h giv5 him an opportunity ( do+ good4 ,! family wor?y ( su* a fa!r w\ld rejoice to he> ! in=mation1 b ! sequel ( 8 /ory w\ld turn _! joy into m\rn+4 ,he w\ld h to tell !m t ignom9i\s dea? w\ld be ! consequ5ce1 & t because he d>$ to d an act ( *>ity1 & to love 8 bro!r z himself1 ! morr[ w\ld see 8 wife a wid[ & 8 *ildr5 orphans4 ,b suppose1 t :5 he p]=m$ ! act1 he _h be5 att5d$ by two ( 8 sons1 n[ gr[n up1 & zealots = ! oral law--t !y _h w>n$ him1 & !n became 8 accus]s1 z !y mu/1 if firm believ]s 9 ,talmudic religion1 he w\ld h ! additional pangs ( see+ 8 own fle% & blood z ! =emo/ ( 8 execution]s4 ,?is "o law w\ld clo! ! _w ) m\rn+1 & make ! light ( ! ,sabba? sun ! curse ( mank9d4 ,?\gh m5 might be f\nd at fir/ to brave ! dang]1 ! c\rse ( "t & ! inflexible sev]ity ( ! law w\ld soon annihilate all g5]\s feel+4 ,*ildr5 w\ld be tra9$ up ) ! idea t humanity is n a ,sabba? virtue1 & ! con/ant resi/ance ( ! t5d] feel+s w\ld h>d5 ! he>t1 & mank9d 9 "t become totally ins5sible on week-days z well z ,sabba?-days2 & ?us ! en=cem5t ( ?is "o law w\ld produce univ]sal selfi%ness1 & ?is w\ld c]ta9ly n promote ! happ9ess ( ! _w4 ,b take ano!r case ( a man1 :o leaves 8 home on ! ,friday morn+ to g a %ort di/ance into ! c\ntry1 int5d+ to return be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,sabba?2 he meets ) an accid5t1 & breaks a limb2 on ! ,sabba? he is suffici5tly re/or$ to ?9k ( ! anxiety ( 8 family1 & writes a %ort note to in=m !m ( 8 /ate1 ?is act ( common love & k9dness w\ld co/ him 8 life2 nay1 if he _h only begun ! lett]1 & !n ov]come by fe> or weakness1 _h left x unf9i%$1 a rabb9ic tribunal w\ld condemn him to be /on$4 1 8,:osoev] int5ds to d any "w on ! ,sabba?1 & beg9s x1 & does a c]ta9 measure1 is guilty1 al?\gh he does n f9i% all t he int5d$4 ,h[ s8 ,suppose he int5d$ to write a lett]1 or a contract on ! ,sabba?1 x is n to be ?\ght t he w n be guilty until he f9i% 8 bus9ess1 & write ! :ole contract or ! :ole lett]4 ,on ! contr>y1 z soon z he %all h writt5 two lett]s 7( ! alphabet7 he is guilty40 7,ibid47 ,& consequ5tly1 if x c be prov$1 mu/ be /on$4 ,e "o's daily exp]i5ce w tell !m ( ! _m simil> cases :]e a lett] may be necess>y = ! peace or well-be+ ( an individual or a family1 & :]e ! delay ( a day w\ld be a s]i\s injury4 ,if rabb9ism held ! re9s ( p[]1 ! anxiety1 ! sorr[1 ! injury mu/ all be endur$2 ! ,sabba?-day mu/ be made a burd5 & a curse1 in/ead ( a bless+1 or life itself mu/ be expos$ to dang]4 ,b ?is w\ld n be ! only mis]y4 ,^! sangu9>y laws w\ld1 z religi\s laws1 b9d ! consci5ces ( ! weak & sup]/iti\s4 ,a man's dome/ics1 or 8 *ildr51 or ev5 8 wife1 w\ld become spies ov] all 8 ,sabba? do+s1 & ! d5\nc]s ( e transgression2 & ?us dome/ic confid5ce1 )\t :i* n ev5 ! %ad[ ( happ9ess c exi/1 w\ld be de/roy$1 & a man's foes w\ld be ^? ( 8 own h\sehold4 ,mu* has lately be5 ?\ght & said ab\t ! sangu9>y nature ( ! laws ( ,engl&1 b ! laws ( ,draco himself 7 m]ciful :5 comp>$ ) ! religi\s enactm5ts ( ! rabbies4 ,draco only s5t5c$ to dea? m5 convict$ ( a crime4 ,! oral law condemns to /on+ ! man1 woman1 or *ild :o w v5ture to write two lett]s ( ! alphabet1 or ev5 :o w ext+ui% fire to prev5t a public injury4 ,nay1 9 "s cases1 :]e x actually pron\nces a man innoc5t1 x nev]!less comm&s him to be flogg$4 8,if a man int5d$ to ga!r black figs1 b ga!r$ :ite figs1 or if he int5d$ to ga!r figs & aft]w>ds grapes1 b ! matt] has be5 inv]t$1 & he ga!r$ ! grapes fir/1 & aft]w>ds ! figs1 he is n guilty4 ,al?\gh he h ga!r$ all t he ?\ght ( ga!r+1 yet1 because he did n ga!r !m 9 ! int5d$ ord]1 he is n guilty1 = he did :at 0 un9t5tional1 & ! law =bids only int5tional "w40 7,ibid47 ,we pass by ! manife/ absurdity ( ?is decision1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 suffici5t to prove t ?is law is n ( ,god1 because x is m important to consid] :at is to be done ) a man n guilty4 ,! law ( ,engl&1 or any o!r civiliz$ c\ntry1 w\ld say1 ( c\rse1 t he is to g free2 b n s ! oral law1 x comm&s t ! man %\ld be flogg$4 1 8,:]ev] x is said1 he t doe? any?+ is n guilty1 ! mean+ is1 t he is n liable to excision1 nor /on+1 nor a sacrifice1 b t ?+ is unlawful to be done1 & ! prohibition is ( ! words ( ! ,scribes1 & is int5d$ z a removal f ! possibility ( "w3 & he t does x presumptu\sly1 is to be flogg$ ) ! flogg+ ( rebellion40 7,ibid47 ,"h1 !n1 we h a :ole class ( crimes :i* ! oral law itself all[s are no crimes accord+ to ! law ( ,moses1 b :i* x ?9ks fit to puni% ) t dreadful & degrad+ infliction4 ,are ! pr(essors ( ?is traditional religion really acqua9t$ ) its ord9ances8 or c any man believe t a religion :i*1 if x _h full scope & p[]1 w\ld become ! torm5t ( ! human race1 c emanate f ,god8 ,if ev] ?is religion atta9s supreme p[]1 its adh]5ts w be r$uc$ to a /ate ( ! mo/ deplorable bondage1 b :at w\ld be its effect ^u ! o!r nations ( ! _w8 ,x w\ld1 9 ! fir/ place1 deprive all o!r nations ( a ,sabba?2 = we h already quot$ ! law 7,no4 #c1 p4 #bb71 :i* decides1 8,t a ,g5tile :o keeps a ,sabba?1 ?\gh x be on "o ( ! week-days is guilty ( dea?10 & ?\gh n to be execut$1 is yet to be flogg$4 ,?is w\ld be a v s]i\s dim9ution f ! happ9ess ( millions ( human be+s4 ,! ,g5tile--:o1 l ! ,jew1 mu/ e>n 8 bread by ! sweat ( 8 br[1 & devote six days to ! conc]ns ( ! _w--requires a day ( re/ f secul> lab\rs1 & c>es1 & ?\ghts1 to relieve 8 body & to refre% 8 s\l1 & hold communion ) 8 ,god4 ,( ?is ! oral law w\ld deprive him1 or1 if 8 consci5ce compell$ him to sanctify "o day 9 sev51 he w\ld h to pur*ase 8 spiritual enjoym5t by corporeal suff]+4 ,_m w\ld1 no d\bt1 be t]rifi$ at ! ?\ght ( ! puni%m5t1 & all trace ( a ,sabba? w\ld 9 "t cease among/ ! ,g5tiles4 ,! multitude w\ld soon be left de/itute ( religi\s in/ruction1 & g5]al vice & mis]y be ! consequ5ce4 ,?is religion1 !n1 ( ! oral law1 w\ld c]ta9ly n promote ! happ9ess ( ! ,g5tiles1 & !y are ! ov]:elm+ majority ( mank9d3 x !re=e _c be ( ,god4 ,b ! viol5t deprivation ( a holy day ( re/ w\ld be f> f produc+ k9dly feel+s t[>ds ! ,jews4 ,mank9d w\ld rebel aga9/ su* oppression2 & ! religion :i* comm&$ x in/ead ( obta9+ _! rev]5ce1 z x ought to d if true1 w\ld become _! dete/ation4 ,?is unhappy feel+ w\ld be increas$ by o!r simil> laws1 equally want+ 9 *>ity4 ,= in/ance-- 8,a ,g5tile woman is n to be deliv]$ ^u ! ,sabba?1 n ev5 = paym5t1 nei!r is ! enmity to be reg>d$4 ,x is n to be done1 ev5 ?\gh no pr(anation ( ! ,sabba? %\ld be impli$4 ,b ! daught] ( a soj\rn+ proselyte may be deliv]$1 = we are comm&$ to pres]ve ! life ( su*1 b ! ,sabba? is n to be pr(an$ on h] acc\nt40 7,ibid4 *ap4 ii4 #ab47 ,we ask e ,jew :o has got ! he>t ( a man1 :e!r su* a law c be f ,god8 or :e!r ! religion ( :i* x =ms a "p c be true8 ,a poor woman1 9 ! h\r ( h] extremity1 is to be left to h] fate1 simply because %e is an idolatress4 ,! "m & ! *ild are bo? to be left to p]i%1 because1 ei!r ?r\gh h] own fault1 or ?r\gh ! circum/ances ( h] bir?1 %e has rema9$ ignorant ( ! true ,god4 ,b grant1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t ! "m is s h>d5$ a s9n] z to be beyond ! m]cies ( s9ful m51 :at has ! *ild done1 t its life is to be giv5 z a sport to *ance8 ,is t ! way to conv]t a s9n] f ! error ( h] ways1 or to recomm5d ! true religion8 ,! mo/ besott$ ( idolat]s1 :o believes at all 9 a ,div9e & m]ciful be+1 w\ld pron\nce su* religion false4 ,a few su* cases w\ld soon spread ?r\gh ! _w1 & ,judaism become ! av]sion ( e he>t t c sympa?ize ) suff]+4 ,& ?us1 if true1 x w\ld confirm all mank9d 9 error4 ,b x _c be3 ! religion t comes f ,god be>s ! impress ( its au?or1 & tea*es su* love & k9dness t ! practice ( x s(t5s1 :]e x does n conv]t4 ,its bitt]e/ enemies mu/ confess t its practical pr9ciples are wor?y ( all admiration4 ,b !re is "h a second case1 ! daught] ( a soj\rn+ proselyte1 t[>ds :om ! oral law is a little m l5i5t1 x all[s su* an "o to be deliv]$1 b does n p]mit ! ,sabba? to be pr(an$ on h] acc\nt4 ,suppose !n t su* an "o f\nd h]self 9 ! mid/ ( ,jews1 & aft] h] deliv]y requir$ ! com=t ( a fire or w>m food = h]self or h] infant1 or any o!r assi/ance t w\ld imply a brea* ( ! ,sabba?1 x c\ld n be done1 b = an ,israelitess x may be done2 c ?is proce$ f ,him :o seeks ! happ9ess ( all 8 creatures8 ,x _c be said t ?is is a r>e case1 = x is easy to %[ t ?is is ! g5]al _s ( ! oral law3-- 1 1 1 1 8,if ,g5tiles & ,israelites live toge!r 9 "o c\rt1 ev5 if !re be only "o ,israelite & a ?\s& ,g5tiles1 & a ru9 fall on "o ( !m1 ! rubbi% is to be cle>$ away1 on acc\nt ( ! ,israelite4 ,if "o ( !m _h gone by himself to ano!r c\rt1 & t c\rt fell ^u him1 ! rubbi% is also to be cle>$ away1 = p]haps ?is "o 0 ! ,israelite1 & ! re/ 7 ,g5tiles4 ,b if !y all set out to g f ?is c\rt to ano!r c\rt1 & dur+ ! "t ( _! mov+1 "o ( !m sep>at$ & w5t to ano!r c\rt1 & a ru9 fell ^u him1 & x is n kn[n :o he is1 ! rubbi% is n to be cle>$ away4 ,= z !y all mov$ toge!r1 x is c]ta9 t ! ,israelite 0 n among/ !m2 & e "o :o sep>at$ f !m1 :il/ go+1 is to be reckon$ z belong+ to ! majority40 7,ibid4 #bj1 #ba47 ,"h ! same utt] recklessness ( ,g5tile life or com=t is display$1 & no "o w pret5d t su* laws1 if c>ri$ into effect1 w\ld promote ! happ9ess ( mank9d4 ,accid5ts1 l bir?s1 happ5 on ! ,jewi% ,sabba? z well z on ! o!r days1 b if ! oral law _h p[]1 ! ,g5tiles to :om any accid5t happ5$1 might wait until ! ,sabba? 0 ov]1 & mu/ ?us lose ! only com=t :i* is possible on su* an occasion4 ,:5 a man is suff]+ f sev]e bodily injury1 !re are b two s\rces ( consolation2 ! "o is ! k9d & b5evol5t att5tions ( man1 ! o!r ! remembrance ( ,god's m]cy & goodness1 b ! oral law cuts (f bo? f ! suff]+ ,g5tile4 ,x =bids its disciples to help him1 & says at ! same "t t ?is is ! law ( ,god4 ,b c\ld ! ,jews !mselves be happy on t ,sabba?1 :]e su* an accid5t occurr$1 & :]e !y _h left a poor ,g5tile buri$ "u ! ru9s ( a build+8 ,c\ld !y enjoy peace 9 ! bosom ( _! family1 or c\ld !y f9d holy pleasure 9 ! pray]s ( ! synagogue :5 !y _h left "o ( ,god's creatures1 a fell[-man1 to p]i% 9 8 mis]y8 ,b ?is law w\ld affect m ?an ! individual suff]]1 & ! few surr\nd+ spectators4 ,x w\ld prev5t all bro!rly love betwe5 ,jews & ,g5tiles1 & until all m5 le>n ! reality ( *>ity1 ! _w _c be happy4 ,if x be true t ! religion giv5 by ,god1 :]ev] x is c>ri$ into practice1 makes m5 happy1 !n ! religion ( ! oral law _c be true1 =1 if practis$1 x w\ld make1 all m5 mis]able4 ,footnote #bg3 ,hil*o? ,%abba? & ,hil*o? ,eruv9 ext5d f fol4 #adj to fol4 #bbf4 ,no4 ,,xxviii4 ,,fa/ ,,= ,,! ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,! ,,temple4 ,all :o believe ! ,bible look =w>d1 9 full assurance ( hope1 to t happy p]iod1 :5 ,israel %all be ga!r$ f ! f\r corn]s ( ! e>?1 & re/or$ to ! l& ( _! =efa!rs & ! fav\r ( _! ,god4 ,! days ( _! m\rn+ %all !n be end$1 & _! fa/s1 n[ obs]v$ on acc\nt ( ! mis=tunes ( ! nation1 %all be turn$ into joy & gladness3-- 8,?us sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s1 ! fa/ ( ! f\r? mon?1 & ! fa/ ( ! fif?1 & ! fa/ ( ! sev5?1 & ! fa/ ( ! t5?1 %all be to ! h\se ( ,judah joy & gladness1 & *e]ful fea/s3 !re=e love ! tru? & peace40 7,ze*4 viii4 #ai47 ,at t "t1 ! prophet goes on to tell u1 ,j]usalem %all be ! metropolis ( ! _w1 & ! common c5tre to :i* all ! nations ( ! e>? %all fl[ 8to seek ! ,"l ( ho/s & to pray be=e him40 ,we ,*ri/ians believe ?is z fully1 & long = ! happy accompli%m5t z ard5tly z ! ,jews4 ,x w\ld give u unspeakable pleasure to behold ! ,jews on t height ( moral dignity & glory = :i* ,god de/9$ !m1 f ! fir/ h\r t he *ose _! fa!r ,abraham to be ,8 fri5d4 ,we desire ! arrival ( ?is happy p]iod1 = ! sake ( ! ,jews !mselves1 b surely no ,jew w feel (f5d$ ) u if we say t we desire x also = our own sakes & = ! sake ( all ! families ( m54 ,we %\ld wi% to see ,div9e tru? triumphant1 s9 & mis]y bani%$1 & bro!rly love univ]sal1 b we see all ^! ?+s connect$ ) ! re/oration ( ,israel1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,god ^u e>?1 & !re=e we jo9 ) all our he>t 9 ! ! mo/ ard5t aspirations ( ! ,jewi% p1 & say1 8,am50 to e pray] t ,god 8w\ld rememb] 8 cov5ant ) ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 & t he w\ld also rememb] ! l&40 ,b1 alas6 ^! pray]s & wi%es & anticipations all rem9d u t t happy day is /ill future4 ,israel is /ill scatt]$ among ! nations1 & in/ead ( hav+ days ( joy & gladness1 is ab\t to obs]ve ano!r solemn day ( m\rn+ 9 remembrance ( ! desolation ( _! city & temple4 ,! n9? ( ! mon? ( ,av is /ill a fa/1 & ,rambam ?us describes ! causes ( m\rn+ on t day3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,on ! n9? ( ,av five ?+s happ5$4 ,x 0 decre$ 9 ! wild]ness t ,israel %\ld n ent] into ! l&4 ,! temple 0 de/roy$1 bo? ! fir/ & second "t4 ,! great city nam$ ,bi!r 0 tak51 & !re 7 9 x ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( ,israel1 & !y _h a great k+1 :om all ,israel & ! greate/ ( ! wise m5 imag9$ to be ! ,k+ ,messiah4 ,b he fell into ! h&s ( ! ,g5tiles1 & ! ,israelites 7 all sla91 & !re 0 a great affliction simil> to ! desolation ( ! temple4 ,on ?is same day1 de/9$ = puni%m5t1 ! wick$ ,turnus ,rufus pl\gh$ up ! sanctu>y & ! adjac5t p>ts1 to fulfil t :i* is said1 #8,zion %all be pl\gh$ z a field4' 7,mi*4 iii4 #ab470 7,hil*o? ,taanio?1 c4 v47 ,! m]e enum]ation ( all ^! dreadful inflictions ( ! ,almighty sugge/ _m & grave topics = reflection1 b ! mo/ important ( all is1 ! cause ( ! la/ desolation ( ! temple1 & ! pres5t long captivity4 ,to m\rn ov] pa/ mis=tunes & to humble ourselves = pa/ s9s1 is inde$ good & :olesome2 b if x does n tea* u h[ to rem$y ! "o & to avoid ! o!r1 x c only t]m9ate 9 despair4 ,e ,israelite1 !re=e1 :o weeps = ! desolation ( ! holy & beautiful h\se :]e 8 fa!rs wor%ipp$1 %\ld also set himself e>ne/ly to inquire into ! cause & rem$y ( ?is great calamity4 ,:y 0 x t ! ,god ( m]cy desolat$ 8 own h\se1 ! only temple t ,he _h 9 ! _w built by 8 own express comm&8 ,! idolatry ( ! nation 0 ! cause ( ! de/ruction ( ! fir/ temple4 1 1 1 1 444 8,moreov]1 all ! *ief ( ! prie/s1 & ! p1 transgress$ v mu*1 aft] all ! abom9ations ( ! hea!n1 & pollut$ ! h\se ( ! ,"l :i* he _h hall[$ 9 ,j]usalem4 ,& ! ,"l ,god ( _! fa!rs s5t to !m by 8 mess5g]s1 ris+ up betimes & s5d+2 because he _h compassion on 8 p1 & on 8 dwell+-place3 b !y mock$ ! mess5g]s ( ,god1 & despis$ 8 words1 & misus$ 8 prophets1 until ! wra? ( ! ,"l arose aga9/ 8 p1 till !re 0 no rem$y4 ,!re=e he br\ght ^u !m ! ,k+ ( ! ,*aldeans1 :o slew _! "y m5 ) ! sword 9 ! h\se ( _! sanctu>y1 & _h no compassion ^u "y man or maid51 old man or him t /oop$ = age3 he gave !m all into 8 h&--& !y burn$ ! h\se ( ,god & broke d[n ! wall ( ,j]usalem1 & burn$ all ! palaces !re( ) fire1 & de/roy$ all ! goodly vessels !re(40 7#b ,*ron4 ,,xxxvi4 #ad-ai47 ,"h1 !n1 ob/9ate idolatry is repres5t$ z ! cause ( ! fir/ desolation4 ,israel le>n$ & practis$ ! abom9ations ( ! hea!n1 & ?us pollut$ ! temple1 & !re=e ,god de/roy$ ! temple & s5t !m into captivity4 ,!re 7 no d\bt _m & o!r great s9s 9 ,israel1 b !y are n m5tion$1 z if to %[ t no?+ %ort ( wilful & ob/9ate dep>ture f ,god c\ld h l$ him to adopt s sev]e a measure4 ,z long z !y reta9$ _! allegiance to ,god & reject$ ! abom9ations ( ! hea!n1 !re 0 a hope & a possibility t !y might rep5t ( o!r s9s1 b :5 m5 ob/9ately turn away f ,god1 & w n he>k5 to 8 w>n+s1 all hope ( rep5tance is at an end1 & !re is no alt]native b j judgm5t4 ,b 0 ?is ! case 9 ! second temple8 ,7 ! ,jews !n ob/9ate idolat]s8 ,_h !y images among/ !m1 & did !y pollute ! second temple ) su* abom9ations ( ! hea!n8 ,no1 r ?an b[ d[n to images1 !y will+ly endur$ e torture1 & (f]$ up ev5 _! lives z a sacrifice to ! tru?1 & :5 ! second temple 0 de/roy$1 !re 0 n among/ ,israel a s+le ve/ige ( idolatry4 ,nev]1 9 ! :ole c\rse ( _! hi/ory1 f ! go+ =? out ( ,egypt to t day1 0 !re su* an app>5tly scrupul\s obs]vation ( ! lett] ( ! law1 & nev] _h ,israel _h s _m le>n$ m5 devot$ to ! /udy ( ! comm&m5ts4 ,:at !n c\ld be ! cause ( ! second desolation8 ,x 0 n idolatry1 b x mu/ h be5 some?+ equally odi\s 9 ! sight ( ,god1 & x mu/ h be5 a s9 committ$ equally by ! prie/s & ! p4 ,y obs]ve t 9 ! above description ( ! fir/ de/ruction1 x is said1 8,all ! *ief ( ! prie/s1 & ! p transgress$ v mu*40 ,if ! prie/s _h rema9$ fai?ful to _! ,god1 ,he w\ld n h de/roy$ _! temple1 = !re w\ld h be5 hope1 t1 by _! ex]tions & tea*+1 ! p might be br\ght to a bett] m9d4 ,or1 if ! p _h rema9$ fai?ful1 ,god w\ld n h puni%$ ! p = ! s9s ( ! prie/s2 he w\ld h cut (f ! wick$ prie/s & rais$ up o!rs accord+ to 8 own he>t4 ,no?+ %ort ( ! unanim\s wick$ness ( prie/s & p c\ld h br\ght on s great a calamity4 ,9 l mann] we inf] t ! cause ( ! second de/ruction 0 n any p>tial wick$ness1 b "s s91 ( :i* bo? prie/s & p 7 guilty1 t drew d[n t calamity4 ,&1 fur!r1 x mu/ h be5 a s9 aga9/ :i* !y 7 w>n$ by special mess5g]s ( ,god4 ,:5 ! prie/s & ! p fell into idolatry1 ,god did n imm$iately de/roy ! fir/ temple4 ,he fir/ tri$ :e!r !y w\ld li/5 to 8 w>n+s & rep5t1 & !re=e 8he s5t to !m by 8 mess5g]s1 ris+ up betimes1 & s5d+2 because he _h compassion on 8 p1 & on 8 dwell+-place40 ,n[1 surely1 :5 we see t ,god %[$ su* compassion1 :5 ,he 0 ab\t to s5d s small a calamity z ! sev5ty ye>s' captivity1 we may safely inf] t he w\ld n br+ ! m trem5d\s judgm5t ( eighte5 hundr$ ye>s' desolation1 )\t exhibit+ a compassion proportionate to ! com+ infliction4 ,9 ! =m] case he s5t special mess5g]s & prophets to w>n !m1 he mu/ also h act$ simil>ly be=e ! second de/ruction4 ,:o1 !n1 7 ! mess5g]s & ! prophets t w>n$ ! ,jews ( _! s98 ,! ,jews say1 t dur+ ! second temple !re 0 no prophecy2 b is x possible to imag9e t ! ,god ( ,israel w\ld %ut up 8 b[els ( compassion1 & pity nei!r 8 p nor 8 dwell+-place1 b give !m bo? ov] to ! mo/ dreadful visitation t ev] desc5d$ on a nation )\t "o ^w ( w>n+8 ,:5 he 0 ab\t to de/roy ,n9eveh he fir/ s5t ,jonah to call !m to rep5tance1 & :5 8 judgm5ts 7 ab\t to desc5d ^u ,babylon1 ! words ( w>n+ 7 miracul\sly writt5 on ! wall2 c we suppose1 !n1 t ,god w\ld n h z mu* m]cy on ,j]usalem & ! ,jews z on ,babylon & ,n9eveh8 ,! supposition is utt]ly inconsi/5t ) ,god's "* & deal+s4 ,!re mu/ h be5 prophets :o ann\nc$ ! com+ judgm5t & w>n$ ! p ( _! s94 ,:o 7 !y1 !n1 & :at 0 t s9 equal to idolatry :i* prie/s & p committ$ & ob/9ately p]sev]$ 91 despite ( all w>n+1 & 9 :i* _! desc5dants /ill p]sev]e8 ,idolatry is a dep>ture f ! true ,god1 & ! sett+ up a false sy/em ( religi\s wor%ip4 ,n[ x is grant$ t ! ,jews did n make images1 b did !y set up a false sy/em ( wor%ip & religion contr>y to ! religion ( ,moses & ! prophets8 ,let ! oral law & ! ,jewi% ,pray]-books answ] t "q4 ,we h %[n 9 ^! pap]s t ! oral law1 sanction$ by ! ,jewi% ,pray]-books1 is directly at v>iance ) ! writt5 ,^w ( ,god4 ,x tea*es ! ,jews to put tru/ 9 amulets1 *>ms1 & magic1 :i* are m]e hea!nism4 ,x tea*es a cruel & unm]ciful sy/em = ! ,jews1 gives false ideas ( ! "* ( ,god1 & actually =bids ! ,jews to love _! ,g5tile bre?r5 z !mselves4 ,! sett+ up ( ?is sy/em 0 ! great s9 :i* prie/s & p all jo9$ 9 committ+1 & 9 :i* _! po/]ity /ill cont9ue4 ,!y 7 w>n$ aga9/ ?is s93 ,god s5t !m extraord9>y mess5g]s1 ,he s5t !m ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ! prophet l unto ,moses1 & ! ,messiah4 ,! great burd5 ( 8 prea*+ 0 aga9/ ?is false religion1 ! oral law1 b !y w\ld n he>k5 to 8 words4 ,prie/s & p conspir$ toge!r to reject & crucify him4 ,"h1 !n1 0 ! result ( ! false sy/em :i* !y adopt$4 ,! oral law 0 ! tree1 ! rejection ( ! ,messiah ! fruits4 ,b /ill ! ,"l _h compassion ^u 8 p1 & ^u 8 dwell+-place1 he sp>$ !m yet = =ty ye>s1 & 9 ! mean:ile s5t 8 apo/les to w>n !m & te/ify aga9/ _! iniquity2 8b !y mock$ ! mess5g]s ( ,god1 & despis$ 8 words1 & misus$ 8 prophets1 until ! wra? ( ! ,"l arose aga9/ 8 p1 till !re 0 no rem$y10 & he gave !m into ! h&s ( ! ,romans4 ,because !y reject$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e? & 8 disciples1 ! temple & city 7 desolat$4 ,! ,jews h be5 taught to ?9k t ,jesus & 8 disciples 7 deceiv]s1 b let !m consid] ?is fact1 t1 if !y 71 ,god himself has seal$ ! tru? ( _! ass]tions by ! acts ( ,8 ,provid5ce4 ,! pres]vation ( ! temple & city to ?is day w\ld h be5 inconte/able evid5ce t !y 7 deceiv]s4 ,_h no judgm5ts foll[$ ^u ! crucifixion ( ,jesus1 x w\ld h be5 evid5t to all mank9d1 t he 0 n :at he pret5d$ to be4 ,b if he 0 inde$ ! ,messiah1 ! /ronge/ possible atte/ation t ,god c\ld give1 0 ! exempl>y puni%m5t ( ^? :o crucifi$ him1 & ?is ,god has giv54 ,!y crucifi$ ,jesus1 & ,god de/roy$ ! temple & scatt]$ ! p4 ,)\t ?is1 ! religion ( ,jesus nev] c\ld h triumph$ z x has done4 ,if ! temple 7 /ill /&+1 & ! ,jews 9 _! l&1 !y c\ld po9t to ! temple & say1 8,see t temple1 ! monum5t ( ,god's fav\r & pres5ce1 x is /ill among/ u1 & %[s t ,jesus c\ld n h be5 ! ,messiah4 ,if he _h be5 ! ,messiah1 ,god w\ld n h left u ?is unequivocal te/imony ( 8 fav\r40 ,b ?is pro( ( _! righte\sness ,god has tak5 away1 & t )9 =ty ye>s aft] ! crucifixion ( ,jesus2 s t ,god himself has giv5 ! /ronge/ possible atte/ation to ! tru? ( 8 claims4 ,let any reflective ,israelite calmly consid] ?is1 t1 if ,jesus 0 n :at he claim$ to be1 8 crucifixion 0 ! mo/ m]itori\s act t ! ,jews ev] p]=m$4 ,!y !reby did :at !y c\ld to /ay ! progress ( a false religion t 0 to ov]run ! _w1 & to uphold ! tru?2 c !y1 !n1 suppose t ,god w\ld puni% !m = do+ t :i* 0 "r1 & give ! sacr$ sanction ( ,8 provid5ce to him t 0 do+ wrong8 ,:5 ,ph9ehas1 ! son ( ,eleaz>1 slew ! ,israelite & ! ,midianiti% woman ) 8 spe>1 ! plague 0 /ay$ f ,israel1 & c we imag9e t ! high prie/s :o condemn$ ,jesus w\ld h _h a less rew>d if 8 claims _h be5 false8 ,if ,*ri/ianity be n true1 !n ,god himself has int]pos$ to cru% ! tru?1 & to build up falsehood4 ,if ,*ri/ianity be true1 !n ,god c\ld d no?+ m to atte/ its tru? ?an he has done by ! de/ruction ( ! temple4 ,!re 0 b "o unansw]able argum5t aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 & t 0 ! exi/5ce ( ! temple2 b ,god himself has answ]$ t argum5t by tak+ away ! temple1 & !re=e we inf] t z ,god has done all t he c\ld to e/abli% ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 x mu/ be true4 ,! ,jews ?9k t if ,jesus _h be5 ! ,messiah1 x is impossible t ! prie/s & le>n$ m5 ( 8 "t c\ld h reject$ him4 ,b ! ev5ts :i* !y commemorate on ! n9? ( ,av %[ ! unt5abl5ess ( ?is argum5t4 ,on ?is day ! ,jews commemorate1 fir/ ( all1 ! decree t ! ,israelites %\ld die 9 ! wild]ness4 ,& :y did !y die 9 ! wild]ness8 ,because !y w\ld n believe 9 ,moses4 8,& all ! *ildr5 ( ,israel murmur$ aga9/ ,moses & aga9/ ,a>on3 & ! :ole congregation said unto !m1 ,w\ld ,god t we _h di$ 9 ! l& ( ,egypt6 or w\ld ,god t we _h di$ 9 ?is wild]ness6 ,& !y said "o to ano!r1 ,let u make a capta91 & let u return into ,egypt40 7,numb]s ,,xiv4 #b47 ,yet !y _h se5 ! plagues ( ,egypt1 & !y _h pass$ ?r\gh ! ,r$ ,sea1 & 7 at t mom5t suppli$ miracul\sly ) food1 b = all t !y did n believe1 & t 8,! :ole congregation40 ,w any ,jew say1 t ?is unbelief proves t ,moses 0 a false prophet8 ,if n1 :y n8 ,e argum5t1 t w prove t ! unbelief ( t g5]ation is no argum5t aga9/ ! claims ( ,moses1 w equally demon/rate t ! unbelief ( ! ,jews 9 ! "t ( ,jesus is no argum5t aga9/ 8 ,messiah%ip4 ,if x 0 possible = !m to disbelieve ! ^w ( ,moses1 aft] all t !y _h se51 x is equally possible t !y %\ld h reject$ ,*ri/4 ,b rem>k "h1 x 0 only ! old g5]ation t ,god s5t5c$ to die 9 ! wild]ness4 ,! *ildr5 :o did n p>ticipate 9 ! unbelief ( _! fa!rs ent]$ into ! l&4 ,n[ if any?+ simil> _h happ5$ to ! ,jews s9ce ! de/ruction ( ! second temple1 t is1 if aft] a few ye>s' captivity !y _h return$ to _! l& )\t becom+ ,*ri/ians1 !y might !n argue t ! rejection ( ,jesus 0 n ! s9 = :i* !y 7 exil$4 ,!y might say1 we h n become ,*ri/ians1 & yet ,god has re/or$ u2 x is pla9 !re=e t ?is 0 n ! cause ( ! second desolation4 ,b ,god's deal+s h be5 j ! rev]se4 ,! ,jewi% nation h gone on f c5tury to c5tury1 fa/+ & humbl+ !mselves be=e ! ,god ( _! fa!rs1 & yet he does n re/ore !m1 a pla9 tok5 t !y /ill p>ticipate 9 ! s9 ( _! fa!rs4 ,& a pla9] pro( /ill ( ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 = ,god /ill cont9ues ! provid5tial act1 :]eby he orig9ally prov$ t ,*ri/ianity 0 true4 ,israel /ill rejects ,*ri/ianity1 & !re=e ,israel /ill cont9ues 9 disp]sion4 ,! only argum5t1 t c\ld ev5 appe> to prove t ! rejection ( ,jesus 0 n ! cause ( ! second desolation1 w\ld be ! re/oration ( ! ,jews 9 an unconv]t$ /ate4 ,b t argum5t ,god refuses to grant1 & has refus$ x to 8 belov$ p = _m c5turies4 ,if ,judaism be true1 :y %\ld he ?us cont9ue to decl>e aga9/ x8 ,if ,*ri/ianity be false1 :y %\ld he f c5tury to c5tury /amp x ) ! seal ( tru?8 ,b1 9 ! next place1 ! ,jews commemorate ! de/ruction ( ! fir/ temple1 t is1 !y commemorate ! idolatry ( ! *ief prie/s & ! p4 ,!y rememb] t ! le>n$ & ! unle>n$ ( ! nation reject$ ! true ,god & turn$ to dumb idols4 ,h[ !n c ! ,jews say t x is impossible = a nation1 t op5ly reject$ ! ,god ( _! fa!rs1 to reject ! ,messiah8 ,!re c be no great] pro( ( folly & wick$ness ?an to reject ,god & wor%ip a /ock or a /one2 b ( ?is ,israel has be5 guilty1 & because ( ?is s9 ! fir/ temple 0 de/roy$4 ,! man :o rejects ! true ,god w also reject 8 mess5g]4 ,b ,israel has done ! "o1 :y !n %\ld x be d5i$ t !y c\ld d ! o!r8 ,! only possible answ] t c be giv5 is1 t ! prie/s & ! p 7 a great deal wis] & bett] 9 ! days ( ,jesus ?an 9 ^? ( ! fir/ temple4 ,b if ?is be true1 :y 0 ! temple de/roy$8 :y 7 ^? :o 7 s mu* wis] & bett]1 puni%$ ) a m dreadful puni%m5t ?an ^? :o 7 s mu* m fooli% & wick$8 ,if we are to judge ( ! comp>ative wisdom & piety ( ! two by ! measure ( puni%m5t1 !n we mu/ say1 t ! idolatr\s prie/s & p ( ! fir/ temple 7 a great deal wis] & bett] ?an ! prie/s & p ( ! second temple1 = ! =m] escap$1 aft] a captivity ( sev5ty ye>s1 ! latt] h be5 exil$ = sev5te5 c5turies4 ,! trem5d\s nature ( ! puni%m5t w\ld %[1 t ! prie/s & p1 :o reject$ ,jesus1 7 m wick$ ?an _! idolatr\s =efa!rs1 & if s1 _! te/imony aga9/ ,jesus is ( no value4 ,b ! ,jews also commemorate on ?is day ! de/ruction ( ! city ( ,bi!r1 t is1 !y commemorate ! folly ( all _! greate/ rabbies 9 foll[+ an impo/or1 & believ+ 9 him z _! ,messiah4 ,!re ,b> ,ko*av took refuge ) ^? :om he delud$4 ,rambam says1 8,all ,israel1 & ! greate/ ( _! wise m51 imag9$ him to be ! ,messiah10 & we "k t ! fam\s ,rabbi ,akiva 0 among/ ! numb]4 ,"h1 !n1 we h practical pro( t ! judgm5t ( ^? rabbies1 :o reject$ ,jesus1 0 n to be dep5d$ ^u4 ,if !y _h succe$$ 9 _! ef=ts1 !y w\ld h taught all ,israel to believe 9 an impo/or2 b ! provid5ce ( ,god gave !m all ov] to de/ruction 9 ! v act ( foll[+ a false prophet4 ,& yet ^! are ! m5 :o h h&$ d[n ! oral law1 & compil$ ! precepts ( rabb9ic religion2 m51 :om ! ,jews !mselves tell u1 7 ! foll[]s ( a false prophet & ! dupes ( an impo/or4 ,h[ c !y possibly believe 9 a sy/em :i* has su* m5 = its au?ors2 m5 :o s$uc$ ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( ,israel to plunge !mselves into ru98 ,if ,rabbi ,akiva1 & 8 colleagues1 _h n esp\s$ ! cause ( ,b> ,ko*av1 he c\ld nev] h succe$$ 9 delud+ su* numb]s ( ,israelites2 !y1 !re=e1 are answ]able = t dreadful calamity4 ,b :5 ! ,jews ( ! pres5t day commemorate ! sore affliction1 %\ld !y n rememb] also t x is high "t to give up t religi\s sy/em t 0 ! cause ( x1 & ( all ! evils t h s9ce foll[$2 or at lea/ s]i\sly & c>efully inve/igate a religion1 fidelity to :i* is compatible ) ! dep>ture ( ,god's fav\r1 ! de/ruction ( ! temple1 & a long & awful captivity8 ,no4 ,,xxix4 ,,sabbatic ,,laws ,,cont9u$4 ,9 our la/ numb] b "o ! ,bible-doctr9e1 t true religion mu/ necess>ily promote ! happ9ess ( man1 0 laid d[n z ! basis ( our reason+s4 ,! tru? ( ! pr9ciple is admitt$ by e ?9k+ man1 :e!r ,jew or ,*ri/ian2 b pla9 z x is1 x is frequ5tly ov]look$1 & a l>ge portion ( mank9d is accu/om$ to look on religion & its ord9ances1 n z bless+s 9 !mselves1 nor z a c\rse ( moral discipl9e devis$ by ! wisdom ( ,god = ! good ( man1 b z a sy/em ( arbitr>y enactm5ts in/itut$ to give m5 an opportunity ( treasur+ up a /ore ( m]it1 & ( e>n+ an et]nal rew>d4 ,h5ce 9 all ! sup]/itions1 :i* man has inv5t$1 we p]ceive an undue reg>d = ! m]e ext]nal act2 & an expectation t ! p]=mance ( ! act w ensure ! ,div9e fav\r4 ,?us ! mod]n ,h9doo /&s on a %>p spike1 or susp5ds 8 poor body by an iron hook1 or (f]s x to be cru%$ "u ! :eels ( ! idol's *>iot1 & ?9ks !reby to pur*ase et]nal felicity4 ,& ?us also ! m anci5t idolat]s1 ! wor%ipp]s ( ,baal1 9 ! "t ( _! ne$1 w\nd$ !mselves ) knives & lances1 & expect$ t = su* m]itori\s religi\s obs]vances _! pray]s %\ld be he>d & t !y %\ld h a bless+4 ,b x is possible1 )\t pr(ess+ a totally false religion1 to view ,god's true comm&m5ts 9 ! same light1 & ov]look+ ! _s & ! object ( 8 in/itution1 to fix ! :ole att5tion ^u ! lett] or outw>d act1 & ! quantum ( rew>d :i* x may pur*ase4 ,?is ! rabbies h done1 p>ticul>ly1 9 ref]5ce to ! in/itution ( ! ,sabba?-day4 ,!y appe> to h =gott5 altoge!r t ! ,sabba? 0 made = man z a bless+ & means ( grace1 & h !re=e 9 _! attempts to promote ! obs]vance ( ! day1 entirely sacrific$ ! peace1 com=t1 & happ9ess ( man to ! m]e appe>ance ( pres]v+ ! lett] ( ! comm& inviolate4 ,_! fundam5tal idea ( keep+ ! ,sabba?-day is1 t x is an act ( ob$i5ce :]eby some?+ may be pur*as$4 1 1 1 1 1 8,we read 9 ! sixte5? *apt] ( ! treatise ,%abba?1 ,r4 ,johanan says1 9 ! "n or ,r4 ,jose1 t to e "o :o makes ! ,sabba? a delight1 an inf9ite inh]itance is giv54 ,rav ,na*man1 ! son ( ,isaac says1 ,he %all1 besides1 be deliv]$ f s]v+ ! mon>*ies4 ,r4 ,judah says1 ,rav says1 ,to e "o :o makes ! ,sabba? a delight1 ! desires ( 8 he>t are giv54 ,r4 ,*iia1 ! son ( ,abba1 says1 9 ! "n ( ,rabbi ,johanan1 :osoev] keeps ! ,sabba? accord+ to its con/itutions1 ev5 ?\gh he 7 an idolat] l ,eno%1 he %all be =giv54 ,r4 ,judah says1 ,rav says1 ,if ,israel w\ld keep ! fir/ ,sabba? accord+ to its con/itutions1 no nation nor tongue %\ld rule ov] !m4 ,r4 ,simeon1 ! son ( ,jo*ai1 says1 ,if ,israel w\ld keep two ,sabba?s1 !y %\ld be imm$iately deliv]$40 7,arbah ,turim4 ,ora* ,*aim1 #bdb47 ,?us ! rabbles sanction ! false & sup]/iti\s notion1 t an ext]nal act c pur*ase ! fav\r ( ,god1 & ev5 atone = ! mo/ atroci\s violation ( ! div9e law4 ,! ,israelites are taught to believe t if !y w\ld only obs]ve ! ,sabba? accord+ to ! rabb9ic con/itution1 all _! o!r transgressions w\ld imm$iately be =giv51 & !y !mselves re/or$ to ! l& ( _! fa!rs1 & 9 ! mean:ile ! individual s9n] is told n to be uneasy1 = t if he _h committ$ idolatry1 ! mo/ he9\s (f5ce aga9/ ,god1 ! obs]vation ( ! rabb9ical precepts respect+ ! ,sabba? w wipe away ! score4 ,:at !n w he ?9k1 :o has ev] kept himself outw>dly f ?is capital (f5ce1 & only be5 guilty1 z he ?9ks1 ( s9n+ aga9/ 8 neighb\r8 ,he w make sure t ! ,sabba? obs]vance w wipe out ! week's reckon+1 & comm5ce 8 s9ful c>e] aga9 ! foll[+ week ) ! assurance t if he only live until ! ,sabba?-day1 he c make all good aga94 ,& ?us ! ,sabba?-day1 orda9$ by ,god = ! purpose ( nurtur+ true religi\s feel+1 is by ! oral law turn$ into ! means ( eradicat+ all religi\s pr9ciple out ( ! he>t4 ,! end = :i* ! ext]nal obs]vance 0 in/itut$1 is n only =gott51 b misrepres5t$4 ,! holy affections :i* x 0 meant to produce & n\ri% z a prep>ation = et]nity are ov]look$1 & ! m]e outw>d =m held up z ! price :i* m5 are to pay = et]nal felicity4 ,t ! rabb9ical laws are almo/ altoge!r occupi$ ) ! m]e/ ext]nal obs]vances w be pla9 to any "o :o w take ! tr\ble to read !m ?r\gh4 ,take1 = in/ance1 "s ( ! laws :i* ref] to ! keep+ food w>m on ! ,sabba?-day3-- 1 1 1 8,x is lawful to leave a pot on ! fire1 or meat 9 ! ov5 or ^u ! coals1 & al?\gh ! cook+ ?us cont9ues1 x is lawful to eat !m on ! ,sabba?4 ,b 9 ?is matt] !re are "s ?+s =bidd51 & ! cause ( ! prohibition is le/ any man %\ld /ir ! fire on ! ,sabba?4 ,= example1 food t has n be5 cook$ z mu* z x requires1 or hot wat] t has n be5 suffici5tly heat$1 or food :i* has _h ! requisite cook+1 b :i* improves all ! "t t x is left to /ew1 mu/ n be left on ! fire on ! ,sabba?1 ev5 ?\gh x may h be5 plac$ !re1 :il/ x 0 yet day on ! ,friday4 ,?is has be5 decre$1 le/ "o %\ld /ir ! coals 9 ord] to f9i% ! cook+ !re(1 or to /ew x4 ,!re=e1 if ! fire be swept up1 or cov]$ ) a%es1 or ) ! co>se "p ( flax1 or if ! coals h ceas$ to gl[1 = !n !y are look$ ^u z cov]$ ) a%es1 or if ! fire _h be5 made ) /raw or /ubble1 or ) ! dung ( small cattle1 !n1 z !re are no burn+ coals1 x is lawful to leave ! food !re on ! ,sabba?1 = 9 ?is case ! man's m9d w be turn$ away f ! cook+1 & ! only object ( ! decree is1 le/ ! fire %\ld be /irr$40 7,hil*o? ,%abba?1 c4 iii4 #c47 ,no "o c d5y t ?is passage prescribes ! m]e/ outw>d obs]vances4 ,! g5]al pr9ciple is t x is n lawful to /ir ! fire on ! ,sabba?1 = t w\ld be do+ "w1 & f ?is foll[ ^? o!r prohibitions ( all ?+s :i* might tempt a man to be guilty ( ?is grave (f5ce4 ,b !y all ref] to outw>d acts1 f :i* x is easy = any "o1 )\t any great ex]tion ( self-d5ial1 or any advance 9 moral discipl9e1 to ab/a91 & yet he has all ! m]it & satisfaction ( ! mo/ self-d5y+ piety1 & ?9ks t he is !reby pay+ a "p ( ! price ( 8 salvation1 & mak+ atonem5t = ! grave/ moral transgressions ( :i* he may h be5 guilty dur+ ! week4 ,take1 aga91 ! foll[+ precepts1 & say :e!r !y be n ( ! v same "*3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,if a man travell+ on ! ,sabba?-eve be ov]tak5 by night1#bh & has ) him a purse1 & !re be also ) him a ,g5tile & an ass1 let him give 8 purse to ! ,g5tile1 ev5 aft] x be d>k1 b let him n lay x on ! ass4#bi ,b if he f9d any?+1 he may n give x to ! ,g5tile1 unless x came into 8 h& :il/ x 0 yet day1 = !n x is a simil> case to t ( 8 purse4 ,if !re be no ,g5tile ) him1 !n let him lay x on ! ass1 :il/ he is mov+1 b let him take great c>e to take x (f e "t he /&s /ill4 ,b :5 he beg9s to move aga91 !n let him lay x on4 ,if !re be ) him an ass1 & a deaf & dumb p]son1 an idiot & a *ild1 !n let him lay x on ! ass1 b let him n give x to "o ( ^!1 = !y are human be+s l himself4 ,if !re be ) him a deaf & dumb p]son & an idiot1 let him give x to ! idiot1 z he has no und]/&+ at all4 ,if an idiot & a *ild1 let him give x to ! idiot1 = ! *ild w be reckon$ among/ ^? t h und]/&+4 ,if a deaf & dumb p]son & a *ild1 let him give x to :i*ev] he pleases4 ,if !re be ) him nei!r "o nor ! o!r1 let him move x along gradually1 ea* "t less ?an f\r ells40 7,ora* ,*aim1 sec4 #bff47 ,"h aga9 ! great conc]n is to obs]ve ! =m & lett] ( ! rabb9ical comm&1 :i* repres5ts ! c>ry+ ( a purse on ! ,sabba?-day z "w1 & !re=e unlawful4 ,! law ( ,moses says no?+ ei!r "o way or ! o!r1 b leaves x to e man's consci5ce4 ,! rabbies :o made x unlawful soon f\nd t s]i\s inconv5i5ce might arise1 z 9 ! case ( a man on a j\rney ov]tak5 by ! ,sabba?1 be=e he c\ld get to a re/+-place4 ,:at is he to d1 is he to leave 8 purse beh9d r ?an pr(ane ! ,sabba?8 ,t alt]native ! ,ph>isees did n l1 & !re=e set _! wits to "w to devise "s plan1 :]eby ! outw>d =m might be obs]v$1 & yet ! purse be safely convey$ along ) its proprietor4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y all[ x to be giv5 to a ,g5tile1 b e man ( common s5se w see t ?is only saves ! outw>d appe>ance1 = x be unlawful to c>ry ! purse1 x mu/ be equally unlawful to cause x to be c>ri$1 = he :o comm&s or causes "w to be done is really & 9 ! sight ( ,god ! do]1 j z he :o hires a man to murd] a ?ird p]son is 9 reality ! murd]]4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ,jew d>e n c>ry ! purse himself1 nei!r may he give x to a ,g5tile1 nor an idiot1 nor a *ild1 nor ev5 lay x ^u 8 ass4 ,?is case only %[s ! ins9c]ity ( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 & _! love ( money r ?an ( ,god's comm&m5t4 ,9 o!r cases !y lay x d[n z a law t no ,jew is to ask a ,g5tile to d "w = him on ! ,sabba?3-- 8,x is unlawful to tell a ,g5tile to d "w = u on ! ,sabba?1 al?\gh ! ,sabba? comm& is n b9d+ ^u him1 & al?\gh he told him be=e ! ,sabba?1 & ev5 ?\gh he %\ld n require t "w until aft] ! ,sabba?4 ,?is prohibition is ( ! words ( ! ,scribes1 & 0 made to prev5t ,israelites f ?9k+ lightly ( ! ,sabba?1 & ?us com+ at la/ to d ! "w !mselves40 7,hil*o? ,%abba?1 c4 vi4 #a47 ,"h1 !n1 ! v ?+ :i* is all[$ above1 is expressly =bidd5 on ! au?ority ( ! ,scribes1 & consequ5tly a transgression w\ld make a man liable to be flogg$1 z is expressly /at$ 9 ?is *apt]3-- 1 8,an ,israelite :o tells a ,g5tile to d a c]ta9 "w = him on ! ,sabba?1 al?\gh he has transgress$1 & is to be flogg$ ) ! flogg+ ( rebellion1 yet he may lawfully make use ( t "w :5 ! ,sabba? is ov]1 if he wait z long z x w\ld take to accompli% ! "w40 7,ibid4 #h47 ,^! two passages1 !n1 pla9ly contradict ea* o!r4 ,! "o says x is unlawful to tell a ,g5tile to d "w on ! ,sabba?1 & t he :o does s is to be flogg$4 ,! o!r p]mits a ,jew to give a ,g5tile 8 purse to c>ry1 & ?is is "w1 or else ! ,jew might c>ry x himself4 ,n[ if ! latt] case be lawful1 !n ! =m] is also lawful2 & x is mo/ cruel & tyrannical to flog a man = do+ :at is lawful4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if1 accord+ to ! g5]al rule1 x be unlawful1 !n x is pla9ly unlawful 9 ?is p>ticul> case2 & x is pla9 t ! ,scribes1 ) all _! pret5sions1 ?\ght x bett] to transgress :at !y consid]$ a ,div9e comm&1 !n to lose _! money4 ,b if ! travell] has got nei!r an ass1 nor an idiot1 nor a ,g5tile ) him1 !n !re is app>5tly no way ( escape1 = x is unlawful1 accord+ to ! oral law1 to c>ry any burd5 m ?an a di/ance ( f\r ells on ! ,sabba?-day2 & "o w\ld naturally expect1 t ^? :o puni% a pr(anation ( ! ,sabba? ) /on+ or flogg+--t is1 :o sp>e nei!r human blood nor life--w\ld tell him to leave 8 purse1 r ?an transgress ! ,div9e comm&4 ,b no1 !y tell him to c>ry x less ?an f\r ells1 !n to lay x d[n1 take x up & c>ry x aga9 a di/ance ( less ?an f\r ells1 & ?us1 bit by bit1 c>ry x to ! fir/ inn4 ,"h1 aga91 !re is an appe>ance ( pres]v+ ! lett] ( ! rabb9ical comm&2 b no man 9 8 s5ses c see t !re is any real diff]5ce betwe5 c>ry+ x at "o turn1 or at five hundr$ %ort turns ( less ?an f\r ells1 ! :ole di/ance is j ! same1 & ! "w j ! same 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,ei!r x is altoge!r lawful1 & !n ! rabb9ical precepts appe> z folly & tyranny1 or x is altoge!r unlawful1 & !n ^! precepts appe> z a m]e evasion & a trick4 ,b1 9 e case1 a *eap way is pres5t$ = pur*as+ salvation1 & aton+ = pa/ s94 ,!re is no great ex]tion ( moral pr9ciple necess>y to make ! travell] let ano!r p]son1 or an ass c>ry 8 purse to an inn4 ,ano!r "p ( ! rabb9ical mode ( obs]v+ ! ,sabba?1 ! prep>ation ( ! ,sabba? table1 has j ! same t5d5cy to direct ! m9d to ! m]e ext]nal act3-- 1 8,let a man arrange 8 table & spread ! c\*es1 & ord] all ! affairs ( 8 h\se1 t he may f9d x ready & ord]$ :5 he returns f ! synagogue2 = ,rabbi ,jose says1 9 ! "n ( ,rabbi ,*an9a1 ,t two angels accompany a man on ! ,sabba? eve1 on 8 return f ! synagogue1 ! "o good1 ! o!r evil4 ,:5 he comes to 8 h\se1 if ! ,sabba? lamp be f\nd light$1 & ! table prep>$1 & ! c\* spread1 ! good angel says1 ,god grant t x may be s ! next ,sabba?2 & ! evil angel mu/ say ,am51 9 spite ( himself4 ,b if ?is be n ! case1 !n ! evil angel says1 ,god grant t x may be s on ! next ,sabba?1 & !n ! good _s mu/ say ,am51 9 spite ( himself40 7,ora* ,*aiim1 #bfb47 ,let n ! ,israelite ?9k t we object to ! dec5t & rev]5tial prep>ation ( ! h\se = ! ,sabba?1 t is all "r & prop]2 b to exalt ?is into a comm&1 & repres5t ob$i5ce to x z a m]itori\s act1 is to turn ! m9d to trivial outw>d p]=mances1 & to tea* m5 to re/ on !m z on ! great duties ( religion4 ,& "h ! m]e putt+ ( ! h\se into ord] is repres5t$ z s grave a matt]1 t two angels are s5t home ) e ,israelite on ! ,sabba? eve1 to take cognizance ( ! matt]4 ,! /ory ( ! angels is evid5tly a fable1 & is ano!r pro( ( ! fictiti\s "* ( ! oral law2 b x %[s h[ ! rabbies w&]$ f ! sub/ance ( religion to ! m]e %ad[ ( ext]nal obs]vances4 ,! ,sabba? lamp "h m5tion$ is ano!r in/ance ( ! same k9d3-- 8,let a man be c>eful to h a h&some lamp1 = ,rav ,huna says1 ,he t is accu/om$ to take great c>e 9 trimm+ 8 ,sabba? lamp well1 w h *ildr5 :o %all be disciples ( ! wise1 i4e4 le>n$ m540 ,no "o c d5y t ?is is a m]e ext]nal act1 b yet x is repres5t$ z m]itori\s1 & paym5t is promis$3 b ! mode 9 :i* ! p]=mance is requir$ is /ill m calculat$ to promote ! idea1 t ?is ext]nal act is ( great importance3-- 8,m5 & wom5 are equally obligat$ to h a light$ lamp 9 _! h\se on ! ,sabba?4 ,yea1 ?\gh a man h no?+ to eat1 he mu/ beg f door to door1 & get oil1 & light ! lamp1 = ?is is an ess5tial "p ( ! ,sabba? delight4 ,he is also b\nd to pron\nce ! b5$iction1 ,bless$ art ?\1 ,o ,"l1 ,k+ ( ! _w6 :o has sanctifi$ u by 8 comm&m5ts1 & comm&$ u to light ! ,sabba? lamp40 7,hil*o? ,%abba?1 c4 v4 #a47 ,( c\rse e ,jew1 :o ?9ks t a ,sabba? lamp is z necess>y z food1 & t ,god requires x ev5 f him t has no food1 mu/ ?9k t x is ( great value1 & t ob$i5ce to ?is comm& is a mo/ m]itori\s act4 ,& yet all mu/ confess t x is a m]e outw>d p]=mance1 :i* may be obs]v$ by him :o has nei!r ! fe> nor ! love ( ,god4 ,! t5d5cy ( all ^! laws is ! same1 t is1 to draw ! m9d away f ! solemn duties ( religion1 & to p]suade ! imp5it5t s9n] t ^! obs]vances w atone = 8 transgressions4 ,:5 consci5ce rem9ds him ( s9s1 n ^? :i* he has committ$ long s9ce1 ( :i* he has rep5t$1 & :i*1 he has =sak51 b ( ^? :i* he has be5 committ+ ! pa/ week1 & int5ds to commit aga91 z soon z ! ,sabba? is ov]1 x is sil5c$ by an enum]ation ( ! v>i\s acts ( ob$i5ce1 :i* are to be set d[n at ! o!r side ( ! acc\nt4 ,he rememb]s t he has nev] left a pot ( victuals on a =bidd5 fire1 nor c>ri$ 8 purse on ! ,sabba?-day a di/ance ( m ?an f\r ells1 nor ask$ a ,g5tile to d "w = him4 ,t1 on ! contr>y1 he has always prep>$ 8 table1 & light$ 8 ,sabba? lamp1 & pron\nc$ ! b5$iction2 or1 9 o!r words1 t he has kept ! ,sabba? accord+ to its con/itution1 & t1 !re=e1 ?\gh he _h be5 guilty ( idolatry1 he %all obta9 =giv5ess4 ,?us ^! rabb9ic precepts h a direct t5d5cy to mislead ! multitude1 to h>d5 !m 9 s91 & ?us to make & keep !m unfit = t great ,sabba?1 :i* yet rema9s = ! p ( ,god4 ,footnote #bh3 ,t is1 if ! ,sabba? comm5ce be=e he c get to a re/+ place4 ,footnote #bi3 ,= ?\ art comm&$ respect+ ! re/+ ( ! ass1 b n respect+ t ( ! ,g5tile4 ,no4 ,,xxx4 ,,sabbatic ,,laws ,,cont9u$4 ,t religion1 :i* is true1 & has ,god = its au?or1 is1 l ! light ( ! sun1 ! common prop]ty ( all :o w only op5 _! eyes1 & gaze ^u ! gift ( ,god4 ,x is n a religion = ! ri* or ! /udi\s only1 b is equally op5 to ! und]/&+ & ! he>ts ( ! poor & unle>n$4 ,& !re=e ! ,bible describes ! heav5ly wisdom ?us--8,%e /&e? 9 ! top ( high places1 by ! way 9 ! places ( ! pa?s2 %e crie? at ! gates at ! entry ( ! city1 at ! com+ 9 at ! doors3 ,unto y1 ,o m51 ,i call2 & my voice is to ! sons ( man4 ,o ye simple1 und]/& wisdom2 &1 ye fools1 be ( an und]/&+ he>t40 7,prov4 viii4 #b-e47 ,& s ,god invites m5 ( e class by ! m\? ( ! prophet--8,ho1 e "o t ?ir/e?1 come ye to ! wat]s1 & he t ha? no money2 come ye1 buy & eat2 yea1 come1 buy w9e & milk )\t money & )\t price40 7,isa4 lv4 #a47 ,e religion ( man's mak+1 pres5ts1 on ! contr>y1 peculi> advantages to ! ri* & ! le>n$4 ,x (f]s salvation ei!r z ! pur*ase ( almsgiv+1 or z ! rew>d ( religi\s /udy1 or x makes religion s difficult & intricate z to put x out ( ! poor lab\r+ man's p[] to acquire any compet5t k ( its requirem5ts4 ,& any sy/em t does s mu/ necess>ily be false4 ,religion is z necess>y to ! s\l z daylight is to ! corporeal eye1 & x w\ld be a h>d case1 inde$1 if ! poor1 :o want x mo/1 %\ld be exclud$ f ! possibility ( acquir+ its consolations2 or if1 9 ! day ( judgm5t1 ! man :o devotes 8 life to books %\ld h a bett] *ance1 ?an he :o lab\rs h>d to get an hone/ liv+ = himself & 8 family2 yet ?is is ! case ) ! lab\r+ classes ( ! ,jews4 ,! religion ( ! oral law has s p]plex$ ev5 ! simple/ comm&m5ts1 t an unle>n$ man has no *ance ( be+ able to keep !m4 ,if no?+ m 7 requir$ = salvation ?an ! rabb9ic sanctification ( ! ,sabba?-day ! majority ( ! ,jewi% p mu/ despair ( atta9+ x2 = ! accurate k ( ! innum]able precepts & di/9ctions1 :i* is indisp5sable to ob$i5ce1 requires "t & /udy1 :i* no lab\r+ man c be/[4 ,& we are conv9c$ t a consid]able portion ( ! ,jewi% population ( ?is city live 9 cont9ual pr(anation ( ! ,sabba?-day1 if ! rabb9ic explanations be true4 ,ei!r !y move some?+ :i* !y ought n to move1 or !y c>ry some?+ :i* !y ought n to c>ry2 &1 if !y d x wilfully1 r5d] !mselves liable to ! utmo/ sev]ity ( ! law4 ,= in/ance1 ! rabbies h det]m9$ t 9 "o place x is lawful to move or c>ry c]ta9 ?+s on ! ,sabba?-day1 b 9 ano!r place ! v "s act is unlawful1 & calls d[n extreme puni%m5t4 ,!y di/+ui% betwe5 ^! places ?us-- 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 ,9 ref]5ce to ! ,sabba?1 places are di/+ui%$ into f\r sorts ( jurisdiction4 #a/1 ! private jurisdiction2 #b;d1 ! public jurisdiction2 #c;d1 ! place call$ ,k>meli?2 #d?1 ! place :i* is free4 ,by a private jurisdiction is meant a place surr\nd$ by walls1 t5 h&bread?s high1 & 9 :i* !re is a space ( f\r h&bread?s by f\r4 ,b ev5 ?\gh x %\ld conta9 _m miles1 if x be inclos$ = habitation1 & its gates be bolt$ at night1 x is a private jurisdiction4 ,a lodg+-place1 an inclos$ space1 & a c\rt1 are consid]$ z 9 ! same class4 ,& ?us1 also1 a pit :i* is t5 h&bread?s deep1 & ^: bread? is f\r by f\r1 or m2 & a rais$ place :i* is t5 h&bread?s high1 & ^: bread? is f\r by f\r4 ,! top ( ! walls1 also1 by :i* a private jurisdiction is surr\nd$1 & ! op5+s 9 !m1 are consid]$ z private jurisdiction4 ,! air ( a private jurisdiction1 up to ! firmam5t1 is also consid]$2 & ev5 a vessel l a *e/1 if x be t5 h&bread?s high1 & 9 bread? f\r by f\r4 ,a holl[ vessel1 or a t[]1 is also consid]$ z a private jurisdiction4 ,! t]m public jurisdiction includes roads & /reets1 if _! bread? be sixte5 ells by sixte51 & !y be op5 f gate to gate1 & six hundr$ ?\s& p]sons pass !reon4 ,& ev]y?+ 9 a public jurisdiction1 :i* is n ?ree h&bread?s high1 is reckon$ z ! gr\nd1 & is public jurisdiction3 ev5 ?orns & fil? ^u :i* ! public does n tread4 ,b if x be f ?ree to n9e h&bread?s high1 b n n9e entirely1 & its bread? be f\r by f\r1 x is call$ a ,k>meli?4 8,if x be less1 x is call$ a free place40 7,ora* ,*aiim1 #cdd47 ,n[ x may well be d\bt$1 conc]n+ _m ,jews 9 ?is city1 :e!r !y are acqua9t$ ) ev5 ?is portion ( ! ,sabba? laws1 b x is q c]ta9 t !y are ignorant ( ! innum]able modes ( possible transgression :i* arise f ^! di/9ctions2 = ! oral law !n goes on to def9e :at is lawful conc]n+ ea*4 ,9 a public jurisdiction he may move any?+ f\r ells3-- 8,e man has got f\r ells )9 :i* he may move ?+s40 ,or1 z ,rambam expresses x-- 1 8,9 a private jurisdiction1 & 9 a free place x is lawful to move ?+s ! :ole l5g? ( ! place1 ev5 ?\gh ! l5g? ( ea* %\ld be _m miles4 ,b 9 a public jurisdiction or a ,k>meli? ?+s may n be mov$ m ?an f\r ells40 7,hil*o? ,%abba?1 c4 xxiv4 #aa47 ,n[1 x may well be ask$1 ^u :at passage ( ! law ( ,moses ^! di/9ctions are gr\nd$1 & :at !re is 9 a public jurisdiction :i* conv]ts an act lawful 9 a private jurisdiction1 into a s9 to be expiat$ only by /on+ ! (f5d]8 ,= in/ance1 9 a private jurisdiction a man may c>ry c]ta9 matt]s = miles )\t violat+ ! ,sabba? comm&s1 b if he v5ture out into a public jurisdiction ) a pocket-h&k]*ief or a snuff-box1 or a half-cr[n 9 8 pocket1 & c>ry x only five ells1 he is guilty ( dea?2 & if ! ,talmudi/s held ! reigns ( p[]1 w\ld be l$ out z soon z ! ,sabba? 0 ov]1 & /on$4 ,reason revolts aga9/ su* doctr9e1 ! act is ! v same 9 bo? cases1 & is !re=e 9 bo? cases a s91 or 9 bo? cases lawful4 ,humanity %udd]s at ! ?\ght ( /on+ a man = c>ry+ a pocket-h&k]*ief1 & ! ,bible tea*es u t a religion1 tea*+ su* inexorable & wanton cruelty1 _c be f ,god4 ,x is true t at pres5t ! p[] ( ,*ri/ianity protects ,israelites f su* h>% treatm5t2 b :]ev] ! ,talmud has any degree ( influ5ce1 ,israel groans "u its bondage4 ,_m a "t h we se5 ,jews ) _! pocket-h&k]*ief ti$ r\nd _! knee l a g>t]1 = ?is is lawful1 ?\gh to c>ry x 9 8 pocket w\ld be a grave & capital (f5ce4 ,& we once knew an ,israelite :o 0 tak+ a walk on ! ,sabba?-day1 & be+ address$ by a ,g5tile begg>1 put 8 h& into 8 pocket & gave ! poor man a small co94 ,he 0 obs]v$ by "s ,talmudi/s1 :o imm$iately attack$ him = 8 pr(anation ( ! ,sabba?4 ,afraid ( los+ 8 "*1 & be+ at t "t m anxi\s = ! praise ( man ?an t :i* come? ( ,god1 he def5d$ himself by say+1 t he _h un9t5tionally tak5 out ! money 9 8 pocket1 b _h rememb]$ x :5 address$ by ! begg>1 & !re=e took ! opportunity ( gett+ rid ( t :i* x 0 n lawful to c>ry4 ,! ,talmudi/s 7 satisfi$1 & _! wra? *ang$ into pr(\nd admiration = 8 piety4 ,^! cases exemplify ! practical work+ ( ! rabb9ic sy/em4 ,x burd5s ! consci5ces ( ! s9c]e1 & makes ! unscrupul\s hypocrites4 ,x may be repli$ t su* ?+s c\ld n happ5 9 ,engl&1 & t "h ! ,jews are too enlight5$ to obs]ve su* di/9ctions4 ,b e "o :o makes ?is reply condemns mod]n ,judaism z a religion unfit = ! obs]vation ( ! enlight5$1 & if he be a consci5ti\s man1 %\ld prote/ aga9/ doctr9es :i* he believes to be false1 & laws :i* he abhors z cruel4 ,^! ,sabbatic laws are a "p1 an ess5tial "p1 ( mod]n ,judaism4 ,!re is n any "p ( ! oral law ^u :i* ,talmudi/s lay m /ress4 ,! man1 !re=e1 :o does n obs]ve !m has *ang$ 8 religion4 ,he has got a new fai?1 z really1 z if he _h be5 baptiz$ & pr(ess$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,e ,israelite :o c>ries a pocket-h&k]*ief 9 8 pocket ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,london on ! ,sabba?-day1 has apo/atiz$ f t ,jewi% religion1 :i* has be5 pr(ess$ = ne> two ?\s& ye>s1 & practically decl>es t ! religion ( ! synagogue is false4 ,h[ !n c he1 )\t hypocrisy1 pr(ess to believe 9 ! religion ( ! ,jews8 or h[ c he1 z an hone/ man1 uphold a sy/em :i* he reg>ds z false1 & :i* w\ld h him execut$ z a crim9al if x _h ! p[]8 ,if su* p]sons1 :o live 9 ! habitual transgression ( all ! ,sabbatic laws1 h any reg>d = tru? & = ,div9e revelation1 !y %\ld op5ly decl>e _! s5tim5ts1 ann\nce to ! _w t !y h =sak5 ! religion ( _! fa!rs1 & ass]t t religion :i* !y reg>d z true4 ,! bl9de/ & mo/ bigot$ ,talmudi/ is a f> m respectable man1 & m acceptable 9 ! sight ( ,god1 ?an he :o pret5ds to pr(ess a religion 9 :i* he does n believe1 & ^: precepts he reg>ds z fanatical & sup]/iti\s4 ,b to return4 ,f ! above laws x appe>s t x is a s9 to c>ry any?+ 9 a public jurisdiction a di/ance ( m ?an f\r ells4 ,b suppose1 !n1 t !re 0 some?+ :i* ! ,talmudi/s might f9d x conv5i5t or desirable to move to a great] di/ance1 is !re no provision to effect its conveyance8 ,yes4 ,^! scrupul\s p]sons1 :o w\ld /one a man to dea? = c>ry+ any?+ five ells1 h an exp$i5t = convey+ x a hundr$ miles if necess>y3-- 8,!re=e x is lawful = a man to move a matt] f ! public jurisdiction1 & to give x to 8 neighb\r1 :o is )9 a di/ance ( f\r ells2 & 8 neighb\r to 8 neighb\r aga91 & s on1 ev5 = a hundr$ miles4 ,= al?\gh ! ?+ itself g _m miles1 ea* p]son has only mov$ x 8 f\r ells40 7,ora* ,*aiim1 #cdh47 ,we h (t5 he>d ( ! wond]ful effects ( division ( lab\r1 b nev] knew be=e t x c\ld conv]t a capital (f5ce into an innoc5t employm5t4 ,surely x is n necess>y to prove t if x be unlawful = "o p]son to d a p>ticul> act1 x is equally unlawful = a hundr$ p]sons to comb9e = its p]=mance4 ,?is law really has m ! appe>ance ( a c>icature devis$ by "s enemy ( ! oral law1 ?an ! grave decision ( religi\s m5 9 a matt] ( life & dea?4 ,b if we exam9e a little fur!r1 we %all f9d t x is unlawful to move ?is same ?+1 :atev] x be1 f "o jurisdiction to ano!r1 ?\gh t o!r be close at h&3-- 1 8,z x is unlawful to move any?+ 9 ! place call$ ,k>meli?1 s x is unlawful to c>ry any?+ out ( x into a public or private jurisdiction1 or1 vice v]sa1 to introduce any?+ f ei!r ( ^! into ! ,k>meli?4 ,b if any "o does ei!r he is n guilty10 t is1 he is only to get a flogg+1 b n to be /on$4 ,an unle>n$ man :o _h already se5 some?+ convey$ by ! above exp$i5t1 might easily be l$ to commit an (f5ce ( ?is k9d4 ,8 untutor$ m9d might n p]ceive :y ! "o %\ld be s9ful1 if ! o!r 0 lawful2 b su* an ass]tion ( common s5se w\ld draw d[n c]ta9 *a/isem5t4 ,at all ev5ts1 he might be tempt$ to put 8 head f "o jurisdiction into ano!r1 especially if he 0 /&+ 9 ! /reet1 & 0 (f]$ a dr9k by a fri5d 9 a h\se1 he might put 8 head into ! w9d[ & take :at 0 (f]$1 b w\ld soon f9d1 to 8 co/1 t he _h brok5 "o ( ! ,sabbatic laws3-- 8,a man may n /& 9 a private jurisdiction1 & put =? 8 head into a public jurisdiction1 & !n dr9k1 or vice v]sa4 ,b if he does s1 let him introduce 8 head & mo/ ( 8 body into ! place 9 :i* he dr9ks1 = z he wants ! wat]1 we fe> le/ he %\ld take x to himself 7into ! place :]e he is /&+74 ,b x is lawful to /& 9 a private or public jurisdiction & dr9k 9 t :i* is call$ ,k>meli?4 7,ora* ,*aiim1 #cdi47 ,x is evid5t t no unle>n$ man c /& a fair *ance ) laws l ^!4 ,he c\ld n hope ev5 to escape corporal puni%m5t4 ,b if ! accurate obs]vance ( su* laws 0 ! condition ( salvation1 he w\ld h reason to despair4 ,! mo/ hone/ desire to yield ob$i5ce & ! utmo/ ex]tion ( 8 und]/&+ w n help him1 nor comp5sate = 8 ignorance4 ,if1 = in/ance1 he %\ld conclude1 because x is unlawful = himself to h 8 head 9 "o jurisdiction & 8 body 9 ano!r :il/ he is dr9k+1 t x w\ld be equally unlawful = cattle 9 ! same pr$icam5t to get food1 he w\ld be mi/ak53-- 8,a bea/ t has got mo/ ( its body outside1 & its head inside1 may be f$40 ,& if he %\ld take ?is z ! g5]al rule ( 8 conduct1 he w\ld be mi/ak5 aga91 = long-neck$ animals =m an exception3-- 8,b 9 ! ease ( ! camel1 he mu/ h 8 head & mo/ ( 8 body inside1 because 8 neck is long40 7,hil*o? ,%abba?1 c4 xxv4 #a47 ,& s ) endless cases :i* arise f ?is "o di/9ction ( places into f\r classes4 ,judaism is 9 all its p>ts a religion = ! /udi\s1 & = !m only4 ,= an unle>n$ man to keep ! ,sabba?1 z ! oral law requir]s1 is absolutely impossible4 ,& aft] all1 :at good does x be/[ ^u ^? :o sp5d _! life 9 ! /udy8 ,does x improve ! he>t1 or op5 m abundant views ( ! ,div9e m]cy1 or fill ! s\l ) love to man8 ,t x %>p5s ! wit & subtlety1 we d n d\bt1 b t is b small pr(it to man 9 g5]al4 ,! crim9al law ( any c\ntry w d ! same1 & 9 tru? ! oral law is v little m ?an ! rabb9ical crim9al code4 ,its great subject is guilty & n guilty4 ,& ev5 9 ?is x does n address itself to ! consci5ce1 & lead a man to consid] ! work+s ( ! he>t & ! w&]+s ( ! ?\ght1 & %ew him s9 at its f\nta9-head4 ,x is a m]e dry detail ( ext]nal obs]vances1 z may be se5 f ! num]\s specim5s adduc$ 9 ^! pap]s1 & z might be %[n m fully by translat+ ! :ole4 ,if real dev\t feel+ & improvem5t ( ! he>t 9 ! fe> ( ,god & ! love ( man be true religion1 we might expect x1 if any:]e1 9 ! ,sabba? laws4 ,! ,sabba? is t holy day :i* ,god has set ap>t to raise m5's ?\ghts f e>? to heav54 ,x is t p]iod ( e>n$ relaxation on :i* ev5 ! poor & ! unle>n$ may lay aside _! worldly c>es & occupations1 & m$itate ^u ! love & w ( ,god1 & t et]nity to :i* he is ha/5+4 ,9 ! laws1 !n1 respect+ ! obs]vance ( ?is day1 we might naturally expect ! _s ( devotion to be manife/$2 b 9 ! oral law we look 9 va9 = any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,its directions ab\t ! ,sabba? are "o cont9u$ dry detail ( ext]nal obs]vances1 :i* to a consci5ti\s man acqua9t$ ) !m1 mu/ con/itute a load ^u 8 consci5ce1 suffici5t to make ! ,sabba? ! mo/ unhappy day ( all ! sev54 ,b z to ! poor & lab\r+ classes1 :o h no "t = /udy1 x is impossible t !y %\ld "k1 & mu* m t !y %\ld keep1 all t is necess>y = ! "r obs]vation ( ! rabb9ic ,sabba?4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! oral law 7 true1 ! poor mu/ lose a l>ge portion ( ! bless+s1 & ev5 be 9 dang] ( p]dition4 ,nay1 if x be true1 !n we mu/ believe t ,god has giv5 a religion impossible to be obs]v$ by ! poor1 & (f]+ great advantages to ! ri* & le>n$1 t is t ,he is a respect] ( p]sons1 ?\gh ,moses & ! prophets tea* ! contr>y4 ,b we w\ld ask our read]s1 :at use is x to !m to pr(ess a religion ( :i* !y c nev] atta9 a compet5t k8 ,we v5ture to affirm t ! majority ( ,israelites d n "k en\gh ( ! oral law to help !m to keep ! ,sabba?1 mu* less to obs]ve ! six hundr$ & ?irte5 comm&m5ts2 c x be said1 !n1 t !y possess a religion ) :i* !y are n ev5 acqua9t$8 ,if ! k & practice ( ! oral law be necess>y to con/itute a true ,jew1 n9ety-n9e out ( e hundr$ mu/ give up _! claims to ! ,jewi% "n4 ,b !n :at is to become ( ! ,jewesses1 :o are n ev5 obligat$ to le>n8 ,e rabbi w be will+ to confess t ! wom5 at lea/ are ignorant ( ! oral law4 ,c !y !n h a portion 9 ! _w to come8 ,if ! k & practice ( ! oral law be necess>y to salvation1 !y _c4 ,b if !y c be sav$ )\t x1 !n x foll[s t ,god has giv5 a law1 ! k ( :i* is n necess>y to salvation4 ,let e ,jew ask himself ?is "q1 ,am ,i acqua9t$ ) all ! precepts ( ! oral law8 ,if n1 c ,i be sav$ )\t ?is k8 ,if ,i _c1 !n ! ,jewi% religion is "o :i* makes x impossible = ! poor to be sav$4 ,if ,i c1 !n ! ,jewi% religion is ( no real use1 = ,i c be sav$ ev5 )\t kn[+ x4 ,su* a religion _c be f ,god4 ,8 religion is necess>y to be kn[n by e man1 woman1 & *ild 9 ! _w1 & ! k ( x is j z easy to be acquir$ by ! poor & unle>n$ z by ! ri* & /udi\s4 ,let !n ! poor & ! unle>n$ consid] ! folly ( pr(ess+ a religion1 ) :i* !y c nev] hope to become acqua9t$1 & let !m return to ! religion ( ,moses & ! prophets1 :i*1 by ! help ( ! ,god ( ,israel1 e "o c und]/&1 at lea/ s f> z is necess>y to salvation4 ,! ,bible1 l ev]y?+ t has ,god = its au?or1 has beauties discov]able by ! eye ( ! poor1 at ! same "t t x has p]fections to ex]cise ! obs]vation & skill ( ! mo/ le>n$4 ,& ?is holy book is ! h]itage ( ,israel1 :i* ! oral law c nev] be4 ,! oral law may be ! h]itage & religion ( ! rabbies :o "k x1 b x has no m to d ) ! religion ( ^? :o "k x n1 ?an ! laws ( ! ,*9ese4 ,! great majority ( ! ,jewi% p might j z well call !mselves foll[]s ( ,confucius4 ,no man c be said to believe 9 doctr9es :i* he does n "k1 & c nev] hope to "k3 & ?is is ! case ) n9e-t5?s ( ! oral law4 ,no4 ,,xxxi4 ,,rabb9ic ,,excommunication4 ,x is a fact1 t ! religion ( ! oral law has hi!rto done b little to promote ! temporal welf>e ( ! ,jewi% p1 & x is equally c]ta9 t1 if supreme1 x w\ld de/roy ! happ9ess bo? ( ,jews add ,g5tiles4 ,its endless def9itions w\ld necess>ily produce transgression4 ,its sev]ity & read9ess 9 excommunication w\ld be ! s\rce ( con/ant tr\ble to individuals & families1 & ! sangu9>y _s ( its crim9al code w\ld make ! ,jews a nation ( m\rn]s4 ,inde$1 we s]i\sly d\bt1 :e!r any1 b a few fanatics1 wi% to see ! oral law ve/$ ) supreme p[]1 & rul+ ov] ! lives & prop]ties ( ! ,jewi% nation4 ,e reflect+ ,israelite mu/ "k t ! ,sanh$r91 wield+ ! absolute p[] ascrib$ to x 9 ! rabb9ic traditions1 w\ld be ! mo/ oppressive tribunal t ev] lord$ x ov] ! consci5ces ( m54 ,b we mu/ rememb] t x w\ld n be ) ! ,sanh$r9 & o!r tribunals alone1 t ! ,israelites w\ld h to d4 ,e rabbi1 & e disciple ( a wise man1 w\ld h ! "r ( excommunicat+ any "o :o (f5d$ !m4 ,aft] det]m9+ t ! tribunals c & ought 9 c]ta9 cases to excommunicate1 ! oral law adds-- 1 1 4 8,& 9 l mann] ! wise man himself may1 on acc\nt ( 8 hon\r1 excommunicate an unle>n$ man :o has treat$ him ) contumely1 & !re is no ne$ ( witnesses nor admonition4 ,& ! excommunicate p]son is n to be absolv$ until he appease ! wise man4 ,b if ! wise man die1 ?ree p]sons come & absolve him4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! wise man wi% to p>don1 & n excommunicate him1 ! p[] is 9 8 own h&40 7,hil*o? ,talmud ,torah1 c4 vi4 #ab47 ,f ?is law we see t ! re/oration ( rabb9ic p[] w\ld be ! mo/ oppressive sy/em ( gov]nm5t ev] devis$4 ,e le>n$ man w\ld be a petty tyrant1 con/itut+ bo? judge & jury 9 8 own p]son1 & able1 at 8 own caprice1 to inflict a sev]e puni%m5t4 ,! mo/ absolute ari/ocracy ( ! feudal times nev] d>$ to assume or ex]cise a p[] s mon/r\s & s oppressive4 ,no prie/hood1 ev5 9 ! d>ke/ times1 ev] claim$ su* p]sonal au?ority z is "h giv5 to e individual rabbi4 ,x is true t he may1 if he please1 =give ! un=tunate (f5d]1 b x is mu* to be fe>$ t su* absolute p[] w\ld 9 mo/ cases be too /rong a temptation to ! frail sons ( m54 ,& at all ev5ts ! pr9ciple is utt]ly inconsi/5t ) wise legislation1 & mo/ dang]\s to ! lib]ty ( ! poor & unle>n$2 = ! read] w obs]ve t x is only an unle>n$ man1 an 8am-ha>etz10 :o may be dealt ) 9 ?is summ>y mann]4 ,& ?is is ano!r pro( t ! religion ( ! oral law is a religion devis$ = ! advantage ( ! ri* & le>n$1 b reg>dless ( ! spiritual & temporal welf>e ( ! l[] classes4 ,= ! le>n$ & ! great ! law is v diff]5t3-- 1 8,a wise man1 old 9 wisdom1 or a pr9ce1 or a presid5t ( a tribunal1 :o has s9n$1 is nev] to be excommunicat$ publicly1 unless he h done z ,j]oboam1 ! son ( ,nebat1 & 8 companions4 ,b :5 he commits o!r s9s1 he is to be flogg$ 9 private4 ,= x is said1 #8,!re=e %alt ?\ fall 9 ! day1 & ! prophet also %all fall ) !e 9 ! night1' 7,hos4 iv4 #e17 i4e41 al?\gh he fall1 cov] him z x 7 ) ! night4 ,& !y say to him1 #8,hon\r ?yself1 & abide 9 ?y h\se4' 7#b ,k+s xiv4 #aj47 ,9 l mann]1 :5 a disciple ( a wise man makes himself guilty ( excommunication1 x is unlawful = ! tribunal to be too quick1 & to excommunicate him ha/ily40 7,ibid4 c4 vii4 #a47 ,! rabbies h endeav\r$ to ju/ify ?is diff]5t legislation = ! le>n$ & unle>n$ by a v]se ( ! ,bible1 b _! int]pretation ( t v]se is q errone\s4 ,:5 ,god says1 8,!re=e %alt ?\ fall 9 ! day1 & ! prophet %all also fall ) !e 9 ! night10 he is n speak+ ( ! le>n$ & unle>n$1 nor ( ! diff]5t way 9 :i* _! s9s 7 to be puni%$1 b ( ! de/ruction :i* 0 com+ ^u ,israel1 z may be se5 9 ,kim*i's ,comm5t>y4 ,he int]prets ! v]se ?us-- 1 1 1 1 1 8,!re=e %alt ?\ /umble 9 ! day40 ,?is ref]s to ,israel1 & means on acc\nt ( ?y de$s ?\ %alt /umble & fall4 ,?is day2 t is1 9 ?is "t2 ?y fall %all soon come4 ,& s we read1 8,!n my ang] %all be k9dl$ aga9/ !m 9 t day40 7,deut4 xxxi4 #ag47 ,& aga91 8,9 t day !re %all be a root ( ,jesse10 7,isaiah xi4 #aj17 :]e day means "t & p]iod4 ,& ! prophet also %all fall ) !e 9 ! night1 t is1 ! false prophet :o deceive? !e %all /umble ) !e1 z m5 /umble 9 ! night 9 d>kness2 & s ! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an has x4 7,kim*i1 ,comm5t4 9 ,hos4 iv4 #b47 ,kim*i & ,jona?an1 !n1 bo? te/ify t ! oral law gives a false int]pretation ( ?is v]se4 ,?is is 9 itself r awkw>d = a law t pr(esses to h be5 giv5 by ,god1 b /ill m s :5 x is made ! basis ( mo/ unju/ & p>tial legislation1 to save ! le>n$ f ! puni%m5t :i* an unle>n$ man w\ld h 9 simil> circum/ances to suff]4 ,no "o c d5y t ! le>n$ & unle>n$ are "h plac$ on v unequal t]ms4 ,if an unle>n$ man provoke a rabbi1 he may be excommunicat$ by t individual )\t ei!r judge or jury1 or ev5 ! =m ( a trial4 ,b if a le>n$ man makes himself liable to ! same puni%m5t1 ev5 a c\rt ( ju/ice has n ! p[] to pron\nce ! s5t5ce4 ,:o c d\bt t ! rabbies made ^! laws = _! own conv5i5ce8 ,c any "o believe t ,god has giv5 ?is law1 :i* makes ! le>n$ a privileg$ class ( p]sons1 :o1 ?\gh guilty ( ! same (f5ce z ! work+ classes1 is to be sp>$1 :il/ !y are to be puni%$8 ,god is no respect] ( p]sons1 & !re=e no su* law c be f him4 ,! extreme inju/ice ( ?is mode ( legislation w appe> /ill m f consid]+ ! nature ( ! puni%m5t3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 444 8,h[ is an excommunicate p]son to conduct himself1 & h[ are o!rs to conduct !mselves t[>ds him8 ,x is unlawful = an excommunicate p]son1 z = a m\rn]1 to trim 8 he>d or hair1 or to wa% all ! days ( 8 excommunication2 nei!r is he to be associat$ 9 pron\nc+ ! b5$ictions2 nei!r is he to be reckon$ z "o ( t51 :]ev] t5 p]sons are requir$2 nei!r may any "o sit )9 f\r ells ( him4 ,he may h[ev] tea* o!rs & be taught4 ,he may hire & be hir$4 ,b if he die 9 8 excommunication1 ! tribunal s5d & lay a /one ^u 8 c(f9 to signify t !y /one him because he is sep>at$ f ! congregation4 ,& x is unnecess>y to say t he is n to be m\rn$ =1 & t 8 fun]al is n to be att5d$4444 ,:osoev] rema9s ?irty days 9 8 excommunication )\t seek+ to be absolv$1 is to be excommunicat$ a second "t4 ,if he abide ?irty days m )\t seek+ absolution1 he is !n to be ana!matiz$40 7,hil*o? ,talmud ,torah1 ibid47 ,?is1 !n1 is ! puni%m5t :i* a le>n$ man has x 9 8 p[] to inflict at w4 ,he may deprive him ( ! com=ts ( cleanl9ess & p]haps injure 8 heal?4 ,he may hold him up to ! public scorn by sep>at+ him by f\r ells f all dec5t p4 ,he may heap obloquy ^u 8 dea? & deprive him ( a respectful burial1 or if ! man survive "u ! public contempt1 & refuse to give ! rabbi satisfaction1 he w be ana!matiz$1 & 8 prospects = ?is _w1 at lea/1 irretrievably ru9$4 ,! law respect+ ! ana!matiz$ p]son is ?is3-- 1 1 8,he is n to tea* o!rs nor to be taught1 b may le>n by himself t he may n =get ! le>n+4 ,he is n to be hir$1 nor to hire4 ,m5 may h no deal+s ) him1 nor any bus9ess except a little t he may get a livelihood40 ,n[ !n suppose t an unle>n$ man does or says some?+1 :i* a rabbi int]prets z contempt1 he is fir/ excommunicat$4 ,if1 9 ! consci\sness ( innoc5ce1 he refuses to ask = ! rabbi's =giv5ess1 he is at la/ ana!matiz$1 & all 8 bus9ess /opp$1 & all ?is is done to him because he is an unle>n$ man4 ,he is himself to be di%on\r$1 8 bus9ess ru9$1 & he himself to die ( a brok5 he>t1 n because he has committ$ "s griev\s crime1 b because he has be5 want+ 9 respect ei!r to ! rabbi's p]son or 8 words4 ,! mo/ absolute autocrat nev] made a law m despotic4 ,b "s "o w say1 t ! rabbi has ! p[] ( =giv+ if he please1 & t ! oral law recomm5ds him to d s4 ,x is true t if ! affront be giv5 9 private1 he has ?is p[]1 & is told to =give1 b n s if x be (f]$ 9 public1 he has !n no *oice4 ,he is b\nd to excommunicate ! (f5d]4 ,t we may n appe> to act unfairly1 we w give ! :ole passage3-- 1 1 1 1 8,al?\gh a wise man has ! p[] to excommunicate on acc\nt ( 8 hon\r1 yet x is n to be prais$ 9 ! disciple ( a wise man :o does s4 ,on ! contr>y he ought to %ut 8 e>s aga9/ ! words ( an unle>n$ man 7am-ha>etz71 & n to att5d to !m1 accord+ z ,solomon has said 9 8 wisdom1 #8,take no he$ to all ! ?+s t are spok54' 7,eccles4 vii4 #ba47 ,& su* 0 ! cu/om ( ! sa9ts ( old1 :o he>d _! revil+1 b did n answ]2 & n only s1 b !y p>don$ ! revil]1 & =gave him4 ,! greate/ ( ! wise m5 us$ to glory 9 _! good de$s1 & say1 t !y _h nev] excommunicat$ nor ana!matiz$ any man on acc\nt ( _! hon\r1 & ?is is ! way 9 :i* ! disciples ( ! wise m5 ought to walk4 ,9 :at case is ?is to be appli$8 ,:5 !y h be5 despis$ or revil$ 9 secret4 ,b if ! disciple ( a wise man be despis$ or revil$ by any man publicly1 x is unlawful = him to =give any affront to 8 hon\r1 & if he =give he is to be puni%$1 = ?is is a contempt ( ! law4 ,he is on ! contr>y1 to av5ge & keep ! ?+ 9 m9d1 l a s]p5t1 until ! (f5d] entreat to be =giv540 7,ibid4 c4 vii4 #ac47 ,! great object ( ^! laws is pla9ly to uphold ! p[] & dignity ( ! rabbies1 & to make x impossible = ! p to %ake (f _! yoke4 ,! c>e :i* is tak5 to puni% e (f5ce aga9/ ! wise m5 betrays a lurk+ consci\sness ( error1 & a fe> le/ ! common p %\ld comp>e _! precepts ) ,scripture1 ass]t ! pla9 unsophi/icat$ tru?1 & ?us %ake (f ! gall+ *a9s ( rabb9ism4 ,to prev5t ?is1 ! v fir/ semblance ( disob$i5ce is to be puni%$ ) excommunication4 ,b = ! poor & unle>n$1 if insult$ by a le>n$ man1 !re is no satisfaction4 ,he _c ?und] out an excommunication or an ana!ma 9 return4 ,= him ! oral law makes no provision1 except = 8 puni%m5t4 ,if ,judaism1 !re=e1 %\ld ev] atta9 ! supreme p[]1 ! work+ & unle>n$ classes w be plac$ 9 ! p[] & at ! m]cy ( ! le>n$1 & e disciple ( a wise man w wield ! absolute p[] ( an autocrat4 ,b "s "o may say1 t if ! disciple ( a wise man %\ld excommunicate any "o ha/ily t ! p w\ld n reg>d 8 excommunication4 ,b if !y did n1 !y w\ld d x at _! p]il1 = ! oral law expressly decl>es t !y are b\nd to obs]ve ! excommunication n only ( a rabbi1 b ( "o ( 8 disciples3-- 8,:5 a rabbi excommunicates on acc\nt ( 8 hon\r1 all 8 disciples are b\nd to treat ! excommunicate p]son z su*4 ,b :5 a disciple excommunicates on acc\nt ( 8 own hon\r1 ! rabbi is n b\nd to treat t p]son z excommunicate1 b all ! p are b\nd40 7,ibid4 c4 vi4 #ac47 ,no?+ c m cle>ly prove ! inju/ice ( su* excommunication4 ,if ! rabbi be n b\nd to reg>d ! disciples' excommunication1 :y %\ld all ! p be b\nd8 ,if ! (f5ce committ$ aga9/ ! disciple be a s9 be=e ,god1 & su* x ought to be to require su* sev]e puni%m5t1 ! excommunication ought to be z b9d+ ^u ! rabbi z ^u ! p4 ,b if x be n b9d+ ^u ! rabbi1 !n ! (f5ce = :i* x 0 inflict$ _c be a s9 9 ! sight ( ,god1 x is !re=e an arbitr>y & unju/ puni%m5t1 & x is bo? wick$ & cruel to require ! p to obey x4 ,b ! pr9ciple itself is mon/r\s1 t ! disciple ( a rabbi %\ld be con/itut$ bo? judge & jury 9 8 own case1 & h ! p[] ( lord+ x ov] ^?1 ^: circum/ances d n p]mit !m to devote _! "t to /udy1 & :o1 !re=e1 _c be enroll$ 9 ! privileg$ class4 ,j suppose t ! cl]gy ( ?is l&1 or ! pr(essors & /ud5ts at our ,univ]sities1 7 to claim su* p[]1 & to excommunicate & ana!matize all :o treat$ !m ) disrespect1 & t )\t any trial or conviction be=e a legal tribunal1 & t ! un=tunate victims 7 to be sep>at$ f society1 ru9$1 & !n _! dead bodies treat$ ) di%on\r1 w\ld n ?is be reg>d$ z a mon/r\s & insupportable tyranny8 ,yet ?is is :at ! oral law claims = ! rabbies & _! disciples1 & :at !y w\ld possess & ex]cise if ,judaism ev] atta9s to supreme p[]4 ,w\ld ! ,jews wi% su* a p[] e/abli%$8 ,d !y desire to live "u su* a gov]nm5t8 ,if !y d n1 if !y pref] ! p]sonal lib]ty & ! ev5-h&$ ju/ice secur$ to !m by ,*ri/ian laws1 !n !y confess t ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciples are bett] ?an ^? ( _! own religion1 & !y mu/ be *>g$ ) inconsi/5cy 9 pr(ess+ & ass]t+ ! tru? ( a religion1 :i* !y hope may nev] triumph4 ,e man :o believes 8 religi\s pr9ciples to be ,div9e1 mu/ wi% t !y %\ld triumph1 & t !y %\ld h free scope = _! developm5t4 ,any man :o dreads ! triumph ( 8 religion mu/ h secret misgiv+s t x is false4 ,we !re=e ask e ,jew :e!r he desires t ! oral law %\ld atta9 t absolute p[] :i* x claims1 & t e rabbi & 8 disciples %\ld h ! p[] ( excommunicat+ & ana!matiz+ all :o affront !m8 ,"o ( ! mo/ p]fect te/s ( a religion1 is to consid] :at w\ld be its effects if supreme4 ,at pres5t !re are v>i\s sy/ems ( religion 9 ! _w1 "s ( :i*1 z directly contradict+ o!rs1 mu/ be decid$ly false4 ,! hope ( all reflect+ m5 is1 t ! tru? w ultimately triumph1 t ,god himself w at la/ int]pose1 & e/abli% ! dom9ion ( tru? & eradicate all error4 ,ea* hopes t 8 own sy/em w !n prevail1 b let him foll[ out t sy/em1 & see h[ x w "w1 :5 all resi/ance %all be va94 ,let ! ,jews calmly consid] ! /ate ( ?+s1 :5 ! rabbies & _! disciples %all be ma/]s ( ! _w1 z !y mu/ "o day be1 if ,judaism be true4 ,! unle>n$ w !n be completely at _! m]cy1 _! s]vants & _! bondm54 ,w ?is be a happy condition1 or is ?is /ate ( ?+s desirable8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re w be no p]sonal lib]ty4 ,any man :o may *ance to diff] f a rabbi1 & treat him ) disrespect w imm$iately be excommunicat$4 ,9 ! second place1 !re w be no lib]ty ( consci5ce or ( ?\ght4 ,e man mu/ !n let ! rabbies ?9k = him1 & he mu/ be cont5t to receive _! decisions )\t any appeal4 ,! body w sc>cely h ! appe>ance ( be+ free1 & ! intellect w be b\nd 9 fett]s ( adamant4 ,x w no d\bt be a glori\s p]iod = ! wise m5 & _! disciples1 b !y w always =m a small m9ority1 comp>$ ) ! bulk ( mank9d4 ,! majority ( ,israel1 n n[ to speak ( ! ,g5tiles1 w !n be degrad$ into poor1 cr\*+1 submissive s]vants ( ! le>n$1 afraid to use _! reason1 & always hav+ ! fe> & dread ( excommunication be=e _! eyes4 ,d !y !n hone/ly wi% = su* a /ate ( ?+s1 to be ti$ h& & foot1 & giv5 into ! h&s ( _! le>n$ m58 ,if !y d n1 if !y see ! horror & ! inju/ice & degradation ( su* a /ate ( ?+s1 :y d !y pr(ess a religion :i* w inevitably lead to x1 if x be true8 ,if su* laws be unju/1 & su* a consummation dreadful1 in/ead ( desirable1 ! religion ( ! oral law mu/ necess>ily be false2 & x is ! duty ( e ,israelite to consid] :at he is do+ 9 uphold+ x4 ,! pres5t /ate ( ?+s w n cont9ue always4 ,! ,jewi% nation _c always wi% to be w&]]s 9 =eign l&s4 ,!y look =w>d to a re/oration to ! l& ( _! fa!rs1 & !y wi% 9 t l& to be happy & prosp]\s4 ,b happ9ess & prosp]ity w be unkn[n words1 if !y are !n to be gov]n$ accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ! oral law4 ,t law gives ! le>n$ a monopoly ( p[] & happ9ess1 b leaves ! mass ( ! nation 9 bondage4 ,d !y !n1 9 contemplat+ ! re-e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,israel1 expect ano!r ?an ! oral law1 & o!r pr9ciples ( religion & ju/ice8 ,if !y d1 !y confess t ! oral law is false1 & if x w\ld be false & hurtful1 & de/ructive ( all happ9ess1 if supreme1 x is equally false & hurtful n[4 ,! ,israelite1 !re=e1 :o upholds x1 is uphold+ a false sy/em4 ,he may d x 9 ignorance1 & we believe t ?is is ! case ) ! majority2 b x is mo/ unbecom+ 9 any reasonable man to pr(ess a religion ( :i* he is ignorant4 ,he may answ]1 ,i h no "t to acquire an accurate k ( my religion4 ,! books 9 :i* x is conta9$ are too volum9\s to admit ( my acquir+ an acqua9tance ) !m4 ,i mu/ "w = my bread4 ,we grant t ?is is ! fact1 b !n ?is br+s u back to our orig9al position1 t ,judaism is only a religion = ^? :o h leisure1 t is1 = ! ri* & ! le>n$1 & we conclude1 on t v acc\nt1 t x _c be f ,god1 :o looks nei!r at ri*es nor le>n+1 b consid]e? ! welf>e1 & above all1 ! religi\s welf>e ( ! poore/ ( 8 creatures4 ,! especial "* ( ! ,messiah is1 t he w c>e = ! poor4 8,he %all judge ! poor ( ! p1 he %all save ! *ildr5 ( ! ne$y40 7,psalm lxxii4 #d47 ,he1 !re=e1 _c h ! religion ( ! oral law4 ,he w n be a rabbi1 nor a rabbi's disciple4 ,no4 ,,xxxii4 ,,new ,,ye>',s ,,day4 ,! season ( ! ,jewi% ye>1 :i* we are n[ approa*+1 naturally leads u to ! consid]ation ( "s subjects m important ?an ^? :i* we h lately discuss$1 ! oral law tea*es t ! fe/ival ( ! new ye> is no?+ less ?an a day ( judgm5t1 on :i* ,god pron\nces s5t5ce respect+ ! /ate ( e individual3 1 1 8,z ! m]its & ! s9s ( a man are weigh$ at ! h\r ( 8 dea?1 s likewise e ye>1 on ! fe/ival ( ,new ,ye>'s ,day1 ! s9s ( e "o t come? into ! _w are weigh$ aga9/ 8 m]its4 ,e "o :o is f\nd righte\s is seal$ to life4 ,e "o :o is f\nd wick$ is seal$ to dea?4 ,b ! judgm5t ( ! int]m$iate class is susp5d$ until ! ,day ( ,atonem5t4 ,if !y rep5t1 !y are seal$ to life1 b if n1 !y are seal$ to dea?40 7,hil*o? ,t'%uvah1 c4 iii4 #c47 ,?is naturally leads u to consid] ! rabb9ic doctr9e ( ju/ification1 & to inquire h[ f> x agrees ) ,moses & ! prophets4 ,& "h our fir/ bus9ess mu/ be to /ate ! doctr9e z x is f\nd 9 ! oral law4 ,?is law tea*es1 fir/1 t he ^: m]its are m ?an 8 s9s is acc\nt$ a righte\s man3-- 1 1 1 8,e "o ( ! *ildr5 ( _m has m]its & s9s4 ,if 8 m]its exce$ 8 s9s1 he is righte\s4 ,if 8 s9s exce$ 8 m]its1 he is wick$4 ,if !y be half & half1 he is a middl+ or int]m$iate p]son40 7,ibid4 #a47 ,x tea*es1 secondly1 t 9 e/imat+ ! comp>ative /ate1 respect is _h n only to ! numb] b to ! quality ( ! actions3-- 1 1 1 8,& ?is weigh+ is made1 n ) respect to ! numb] ( ! m]its & ! s9s1 b accord+ to _! greatness4 ,!re is a m]it :i* may outweigh _m s9s1 z x is said1 #8,because 9 him !re is f\nd "s good ?+4' 7#a ,k+s xiv4 #ac47 ,& !re are s9s :i* may outweigh _m m]its1 = x is said1 #8,"o s9n] de/roye? mu* good4'0 7,ecclesia/4 ix4 #ah47 ,x tea*es1 ?irdly1 t x is possible by transgression or ob$i5ce to turn ! scale3-- 1 1 8,if a man s9 "o s91 he gives ! prepond]ance = himself & = all ! _w to ! scale ( guilt1 & causes de/ruction4 ,b if he p]=m "o comm&m5t1 he gives ! prepond]ance bo? = himself & all ! _w to ! scale ( m]it1 & causes salvation & deliv]ance to himself & !m1 z x is said1 #8,! righte\s is ! f\ndation ( ! _w' 7,prov4 x4 #be71 :i* means t righte\sness gives ! _w a prepond]ance 9 ! scale ( m]it & deliv]s x4 ,& on ?is acc\nt all ! h\se ( ,israel are accu/om$ to ab\nd 9 almsgiv+1 & 9 good de$s1 & to be dilig5t 9 ! comm&m5ts 9 ! int]val betwe5 ,new ,ye>s ,day & ! ,day ( ,atonem5t m ?an 9 all ! ye> besides40 7,ibid4 #d47 ,?is !n is ! doctr9e :i* we h to consid]4 ,! fir/ great pr9ciple is t 8,e "o ( ! *ildr5 ( m5 has m]its & has s9s40 ,t e man has s9s we readily admit2 b t any man1 or any angel1 or any ( ,god's creatures1 has any m]it 9 ! sight ( ,god we d5y4 ,fir/1 because ! idea ( m]it is utt]ly inconsi/5t ) ! idea ( ! relation 9 :i* ! creature /&s to ! ,creator4 ,e creat$ be+ is b\nd by ! v fact ( 8 creation to love ,god ) all 8 he>t & s\l1 & m9d & /r5g?1 & to d all 8 w4 ,:atsoev]1 !re=e1 he does1 he c nev] exce$ ! limit ( 8 b\nd5 duty1 & c !re=e nev] lay any claim to m]it4 ,if creat$ be+s 7 free f all obligation to love ,god or to d 8 w--if !y 7 indep5d5t & ma/]s ( !mselves1 !n by lov+ ,god or do+ 8 w !y might h m]it1 = !y w\ld be do+ him a s]vice :i* ,he has no "r to require4 ,j z a man t is free may hire himself to d "w = ano!r man1 :i* he is n b\nd to d1 & !reby e>n wages4 ,b n s ! slave1 :o is 8 mak]'s prop]ty4 ,he c only d 8 duty1 & if he toil all ! day & be dilig5t & fai?ful 9 8 ma/]'s s]vice1 he /ill c lay no claim to wages or to m]it2 he has only done :at he is b\nd to d4 ,to lay any claim to m]it1 we mu/ /& on equal t]ms1 & conf] :at ! o!r has no "r to expect4 ,b ?is no creat$ be+ c ev] d4 ,he is a debtor ov]:elm$ ) su* an am\nt ( debt1 t all t he has or c raise only goes 9 "p paym5t1 & :o !re=e w nev] be able to conf] any?+ :i* is n already due4 ,& !re=e x is said1 8,c a man be pr(itable unto ,god80 & aga91 8,is x ga9 to him1 t ?\ make/ ?y ways p]fect80 7,job xxii4 #b1 #c47 ,! unfall5 angels !mselves h no m]it be=e ,god1 & mu* less fall5 & rebelli\s man4 ,b1 secondly1 ! ass]tion t man has m]its is contradict$ by ! pla9 te/imonies ( ,scripture4 ,if man h m]its1 h[ev] few1 !n s f> z ^? m]its are conc]n$1 8 nature mu/ be good & holy1 b ,god decl>es ! contr>y3 8,behold1 he putte? no tru/ 9 8 sa9ts2 yea ! heav5s are n clean 9 8 sight3 h[ mu* m abom9able & fil?y is man1 :i* dr9ke? iniquity l wat]40 7,job xv4 #ae1 #af47 ,su* language _c be appli$ to any creature capable ( m]it+ any?+ 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,aga91 if man h m]its1 8 m]its mu/ proce$ f ! good ?+s :i* he has done4 ,he t does no?+ good _c be m]itori\s1 b yet ,god says1 8,!re is none t doe? good1 no1 n "o4 ,!y are all gone aside1 !y are all toge!r become fil?y2 !re is none t doe? good1 no1 n "o40 7,ps4 xiv4 #a-c47 ,if ?is be true1 !n no man has m]its4 ,if man h m]its1 !y mu/ proce$ f an inh]5t good pr9ciple 9 8 nature1 b ,god says ev5 ( ,israel t 7 is no su* pr9ciple ( good3 on ! contr>y1 he decl>es t 8! :ole head is sick1 & ! :ole he>t fa9t4 ,f ! sole ( ! foot1 ev5 unto ! head1 !re is no s\ndness 9 x3 b w\nds1 & bruises1 & putrefy+ sores40 7,isaiah i4 #e1 #f47 ,"h ,god describes ,israel1 & ! description is g5]ally true ( mank9d1 z totally corrupt4 ,!re is no s\ndness 9 x4 ,! intellect is corrupt1 = 8! :ole head is sick40 ,! affections are corrupt1 = 8! :ole he>t is fa9t40 ,h[1 !n1 c he t has a p]v]t$ intellect & a corrupt he>t h m]its8 ,aga91 if man h m]its1 8 good de$s1 :atev] !y be1 mu/ be su* z to des]ve ! approbation ( ,god2 b ! confession ( ! prophet is-- 8,b we are all z an unclean ?+1 & all our righte\sness z fil?y rags40 7,isa4 lxiv4 #f47 ,ei!r1 !n1 ! oral law or ! ,bible says :at is false4 ,! ,bible says t ! v be/ ( man's de$s1 8all 8 righte\snesses10 are no bett] 9 ! sight ( ,god ?an fil?y rags3 if ?is be true1 !n man has no m]it :atsoev]4 ,b aga91 ! ass]tion t e man has m]its & s9s1 is bas$ ^u a false pr9ciple4 ,x takes = grant$ t ,god judges m5 by _! individual acts1 & n by ! /ate ( _! he>ts2 t is1 t he judges z we d4 ,:5 we consid] a man's conduct1 we c only look at 8 acts1 & to u "s ( !m appe> good & o!rs bad4 ,9 our sight1 !re=e1 he may h "s m]its & "s dem]its4 ,b ,god looks at ! he>t1 & sees :e!r a man loves him or n1 & by ! :ole habit ( 8 m9d & affections judges ! man's /ate & all 8 actions4 ,we %ort-sight$ creatures judge a man's he>t by 8 actions2 b ,god judges 8 actions by 8 he>t1 & :]e ! he>t is wrong1 he is s f> f c\nt+ any actions z m]itori\s1 t he looks ^u ! :ole conduct z "o mass ( abom9able s94 ,! next ass]tion ( ! oral law is1 t 8,if a man's m]its exce$ 8 s9s1 he is righte\s40 ,?is pre-supposes1 fir/1 t a man's m]its may exce$ 8 s9s2 & ass]ts1 secondly1 t 9 ?is case he is acc\nt$ righte\s4 ,b :]e is ! man ^: 8m]its exce$ 8 s9s80 ,:]e is ! man :o keeps any "o ( ,god's comm&m5ts p]fectly8 ,9 all our be/ de$s & ef=ts !re is s9 ( admixture or ( imp]fection4 ,(t51 :5 by ! help ( ,god1 a good ?\ght or an hone/ int5tion is conceiv$ 9 ! he>t1 be=e x c be realiz$ 9 action1 "s selfi% & unwor?y motive associates itself ) x1 & spoils ! :ole4 ,& 9 e case ! ob$i5ce is imp]fect1 s t all our be/ acts become occasions ( committ+ s9s ei!r ( infirmity or imp]fection1 & ?us our s9s are c]ta9ly z _m z our good de$s1 = ea* "o ( !m has a s9 z its associate4 ,b h[ _m are our s9s ( ?\ght1 ^w1 & de$1 :i* are m]e s9s )\t any admixture ( good1 & :i* 9 !mselves are 8m ?an ! hairs ( our head80 ,& ev5 if we %\ld admit t ! f9al result dep5ds n ^u numb]1 b ^u magnitude1 !n !re is "o s9 t ext5ds f ! mom5t ( our bir? to ! late/ h\r ( our exi/5ce1 & t is1 want ( p]fect love to ,god4 ,?is he requires at e mom5t1 b yet h[ _m h\rs ( e day d we pursue our bus9ess or our pleasures )\t a s+le remembrance ( him8 ,& h[ few1 h[ ha/y1 & h[ int]rupt$ are our grateful recollections ( ! love & m]cy ( ,god6 ,"h !n is a s9 :i* 9 magnitude f> exce$s ! aggregate ( all our gratitude & all our s]vices1 & :i* 9 itself w\ld s9k ! scale ( guilt d[n to ! l[e/ hell4 ,b by ! side ( x !re is ano!r equally imm5se1 & t is our cont9u$ transgression ( ! comm&m5t1 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself40 ,! v be/ ( all ,god's sa9ts makes1 at ! mo/1 b a feeble /ruggle aga9/ ! love ( self4 ,he admits ! ext5t ( 8 duty to 8 neighb\r1 he kn[s x--he desires to fulfil x4 ,he wat*es aga9/ himself1 & yet ) all 8 c>e1 self-love creeps 9 aga9 & aga91 & ass]ts ! ma/]y ov] 8 ?\ghts & actions4 ,^! two s9s w\ld outweigh a ?\s& times all ! six hundr$ & elev5 rema9+ comm&m5ts ( :i* ,israel boa/s1 ev5 if !y kept !m all )\t a s+le transgression or a %ade ( imp]fection4 ,) ^! two s9s on our consci5ces1 x is p]fectly absurd to talk ( our m]its exce$+ our s9s4 ,!re is n1 & nev] 0 9 ! _w1 a m]e *ild ( ,adam1 ^: s9s did n = exce$ 8 good de$s4 ,if1 !re=e1 x be necess>y1 9 ord] to be acc\nt$ j1 t our m]its %\ld exce$ our s9s1 we mu/ give up all hope ( be+ ju/ifi$ be=e ,god4 ,b let u suppose = a mom5t t su* a ?+ 7 possible1 t !re 0 a man ^: m]its exce$$ 8 s9s1 w\ld su* an "o be acc\nt$ j be=e ,god8 ,fir/ let u ask ,moses1 let u he> :at he says4 ,does he promise t if y\r m]its exce$ y\r s9s1 ye %all be consid]$ j8 & does he promise life1 z ! oral law does1 to imp]fect ob$i5ce8 ,he> ! words ( ,moses himself3-- 1 8,ye %all obs]ve to d !re=e z ! ,"l y\r ,god ha? comm&$ y3 ye %all n turn aside to ! "r h& or to ! left4 ,ye %all walk 9 ,,all ! ways :i* ! ,"l y\r ,god ha? comm&$ y1 t ye may live1 & t x may be well ) y1 & t ye may prolong y\r days 9 ! l& :i* ye %all possess40 7,deut4 v4 #cb1 #cc47 ,"h ,moses requires p]fect ob$i5ce z ! condition ( life1 & does n all[ a s+le deviation ei!r to ! "r h& or to ! left4 ,x is n a s+le decl>ation1 nor a s5tim5t wre/$ f its context4 ,moses repeats ! same aga9 & aga94 ,9 ! v next v]ses to ^? j quot$1 he says-- 1 8,n[ ^! are ! comm&m5ts1 ! /atutes1 & ! judgm5ts1 :i* ! ,"l y\r ,god comm&$ to tea* y1 t ye might d !m 9 ! l& :i!r ye g to possess x2 t ?\ mighte/ fe> ! ,"l !y ,god1 to keep ,,all 8 /atutes & 8 comm&m5ts1 :i* ,i comm& !e2 ?\ & ?y son1 & ?y son's son1 all ! days ( ?y life3 & t ?y days may be prolong$40 7vi4 #a1 #b47 ,"h aga9 ,moses requires p]fect ob$i5ce to ! :ole law4 ,he requires x ( e individual ( ,israel4 8,?\ & ?y son1 & ?y son's son20 & ?is univ]sal ob$i5ce he exacts n at "s /at$ p]iod ( ! ye>1 b e day ( a man's :ole life4 8,all ! days ( ?y life40 ,moses leaves no room = "s m]its & "s s9s4 ,if a man does :at ,moses requires1 he c h no s9s4 ,if a man h any s9s :atev]1 he does n fulfil :at ,moses requires z ! condition ( life4 ,we might quote sev]al o!r simil> passages1 b cont5t ourselves ) "o1 :]e ,moses expressly decl>es t univ]sal ob$i5ce is necess>y to righte\sness3-- 1 8,& ! ,"l comm&$ u to d ,,all ^! /atutes1 to fe> ! ,"l our ,god always1 t he might pres]ve u alive1 z x is at ?is day4 ,& x %all be our righte\sness1 if we obs]ve to d ,,all ^! comm&m5ts be=e ! ,"l our ,god1 z he ha? comm&$ u40 7,deut4 vi4 #bd1 #be47 ,?is is ,moses' idea ( righte\sness1 & if ,moses be "r ! oral law is wrong4 ,x says1 8,if a man's m]its exce$ 8 s9s1 he is righte\s40 ,moses says1 ,if a man keep all ! comm&m5ts all ! days ( 8 life he is righte\s4 ,! oral law promises life to him :o confess$ly has s9s4 ,moses requires p]fect & univ]sal ob$i5ce z ! condition ( life4 ,x becomes1 !re=e1 an important1 an awfully important1 consid]ation = e ,israelite1 :e!r he w re/ 8 s\l's salvation on ! ^w ( ,moses1 or on t ( ! oral law4 ,if he re/s ^u ! oral law1 ?an he w be satisfi$ t a p>tial ob$i5ce is suffici5t to secure ev]la/+ salvation1 & 9 ?is hope he w die4 ,b if he is to be judg$ accord+ to ! law ( ,moses1 he w1 at ! h\r ( ,god's judgm5t1 f9d himself awfully mi/ak54 ,moses kn[s ( no righte\sness1 b t ( univ]sal ob$i5ce e day ( a man's life1 & promises life to none b ^? :o h ?is righte\sness4 ,he t has x n1 !re=e1 mu/ be condemn$4 ,& let e ,israelite m>k well t ,moses has n left u to draw ?is j conclusion f ! premises :i* he has laid d[n1 b has himself /at$1 9 ! di/9cte/ & pla9e/ t]ms1 ,t he :o does n yield ?is univ]sal ob$i5ce is accurs$4 ,& t no man may mi/ake 8 mean+1 he sums up all t he has said ^u ?is subject1 & repeats1 t he :o keeps ,,all ,god's comm&m5ts %all be bless$1 & t he :o does n keep ,,all ,god's comm&m5ts %all be accurs$3-- 1 8,& x %alt come to pass1 if ?\ %alt he>k5 dilig5tly unto ! voice ( ! ,"l ?y ,god1 to obs]ve & to d ,,all 8 comm&m5ts :i* ,i comm& !e ?is day1 t ! ,"l ?y ,god w set !e high above all nations ( ! e>?2 & all ^! bless+s %all come on !e10 c4 ,& !n1 aft] enum]at+ ! bless+s1 he adds-- 1 8,b x %all come to pass1 if ?\ wilt n he>k5 unto ! voice ( ! ,"l ?y ,god1 to obs]ve to d ,,all 8 comm&m5ts & 8 /atutes :i* ,i comm& !e ?is day1 t all ^! curses %all come ^u !e1 & ov]take !e4 ,curs$ %alt ?\ be 9 ! city1 & curs$ %alt ?\ be 9 ! field10 c4 7,deut4 xxviii4 #a-ae47 ,"h ,moses pla9ly says1 t he :o is p]fectly ob$i5t is bless$1 & t he :o is n p]fectly ob$i5t is curs$4 ,& x is to be not$ t ,moses kn[s no?+ ( an int]m$iate /ate ( man1 ! :o are nei!r righte\s nor wick$4 ,he divides all ,israel into two classes1 ! bless$ & ! curs$4 ,he :o keeps ,,all ,god's comm&m5ts belongs to ! =m]2 he :o does n keep ,,all ,god's comm&m5ts to ! latt]4 ,9 ?is matt]1 ?an1 ! mo/ important t c employ ! m9d ( man1 ! oral law contradicts ! pla9 words ( ,moses4 ,"o ( ! two is c]ta9ly 9 error4 ,x is = ! ,israelites to *oose :e!r !y w believe ,moses1 or t oral law :i* contradicts 8 words4 ,if !y believe 9 ,moses1 !n no "o is acc\nt$ j be=e ,god1 b t man :o has all ! days ( 8 life kept all ,god's comm&m5ts )\t "o deviation4 ,e o!r p]son is s f> f be+ j1 t he is accurs$4 ,if !re 7 a human be+ :o _h all 8 life kept all ! comm&m5ts1 & only once be5 guilty ( transgression1 t "o transgression makes him unju/ & accurs$4 ,b !re is no su* p]son4 ,e man's consci5ce tells him t 8 s9s f> exce$ 8 ob$i5ce1 & !re=e if ,moses speak tru? he is accurs$4 ,oh1 let no "o endang] 8 salvation by tru/+ to ! oral law4 ,let him take up ! law ( ,moses1 let him inve/igate ! conditions :i* ,moses lays d[n4 ,we ask n n[1 t ! ,israelites %\ld read ! ,new ,te/am5t1 or t !y %\ld li/5 to our argum5ts or any reason+ ( man4 ,we simply po9t out to !m ! words ( ,moses1 & we %[ o!r passages ( ! oral law :i* tea*es an entirely diff]5t doctr9e4 ,we ask1 !n1 :e!r ! man :o rebels aga9/ ! law ( ,moses c hope = salvation8 ,yet ?is is :at e "o :o foll[s ! oral law is do+4 ,if 8 temporal welf>e only 7 conc]n$1 x w\ld n be ( su* mom5t4 ,b "h 8 et]nal int]e/s are at /ake4 ,if ! oral law be mi/ak51 & mi/ak5 x is if ,moses spoke tru?1 _! et]nal salvation is =feit$ by e "o :o foll[s x4 ,we !re=e entreat e read] ( ?is pap] to take up ! law ( ,moses1 & to inve/igate ?is "q3--8,:at are ! conditions ( bless+ & curs+1 ( life & dea?1 accord+ to ! decl>ations ( ,moses8 ,does he promise life to t man ^: m]its exce$ 8 s9s1 or does he require univ]sal ob$i5ce80 ,to ,moses himself we appeal1 & him we con/itute ! arbit] ( our diff]5ces4 ,no4 ,,xxxiii4 ,,new ,,ye>1 ,,cont9u$4 ,we %[$ 9 our la/ numb] t ! fir/ axiom ( !4 oral law respect+ ! mode ( ju/ification is false4 ,moses requires p]fect & univ]sal ob$i5ce to all ! comm&m5ts z ! condition ( ju/ification & life1 :]eas ! oral law says x is suffici5t if a man's m]its exce$ 8 s9s4 ,"o ( ! two1 !n1 has spok5 falsehood4 ,x is = ! ,jews to consid] :i* ( !m !y w br& ) ! "* ( li>4 ,z = ourselves1 we believe t ,moses spoke ! tru?1 & by 8 /&>d ( "r & wrong we proce$ to exam9e ! second & ?ird pr9ciples ( ,rabb9ic ju/ification4 ,! oral law tells u1 fur!r1 t :5 ,god weighs ! m]its & ! (f5ces1 8,?is weigh+ is made n ) respect to ! numb] ( ! m]its & ! s9s1 b accord+ to _! greatness4 ,!re is a m]it :i* may outweigh _m s9s1 z x is said1 #8,because 9 him !re is f\nd "s good ?+4' 7#a ,k+s xiv4 #ac47 ,& !re are s9s :i* may outweigh _m m]its1 = x is said1 #8,"o s9n] de/roye? mu* good4' 7,ecclesia/4 ix4 #ah470 ,& = ?is reason we are told t 8,9 ! t5 days betwe5 ! ,new ,ye> & ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 ,israel ab\nds 9 almsgiv+ & good works m ?an 9 all ! ye> besides40 ,su* is ! hope :i* ! oral law holds out to ,israel4 ,x fir/ tells a man1 t if 8 m]its exce$ 8 s9s1 he is safe4 ,!n feel+ t none b a fool or madman c dream ( 8 m]its exce$+ 8 s9s1 x tries to quiet ! consci5ce by assur+ ! guilty1 t ! quality ( ! de$s is reg>d$ m ?an _! numb]1 & t !re may be "o m]itori\s act :i* w outweigh _m s9s4 ,x endeav\rs to prove ?is by a citation f ! ,book ( ,k+s4 ,?is is 9 itself suspici\s4 ,:y did x n br+ "o or m pla9 passages f ! ,books ( ,moses8 ,!y conta9 ! law ( ,god1 & ! great pr9ciples ( ,god's judgm5t4 ,9 det]m9+ a case l ?is1 an appeal to ! lett] ( ! law is absolutely necess>y4 ,let e ,israelite1 !n1 be=e he tru/s 8 salvation to ! oral law1 f9d out "o passage 9 ! law ( ,moses1 :]e ,moses himself decl>es t 8"o m]it may outweigh _m s9s40 ,we "k n ( "o simil> decl>ation1 & !re=e hesitate n to say1 t :osoev] re/s 8 salvation on ?is hope1 has apo/atiz$ f ! religion ( ,moses4 ,b ! passage itself1 :i* ! oral law cites1 proves no?+ 9 support ( ! above pr9ciple4 ,! words 7 spok5 ( ! son ( ,j]oboam4 8,he only ( ,j]oboam %all come to ! grave1 because 9 him !re is f\nd "s good ?+ t[>ds ! ,"l ,god ( ,israel 9 ! h\se ( ,j]oboam40 7#a ,k+s xiv4 #ac47 ,!re is n "o ^w said "h ab\t 8 be+ ju/ifi$ by t "o good ?+1 :atev] x 04 ,x did n save ! *ild f 8 sickness4 ,x did n *ange ! s5t5ce ( dea? into life4 ,all x did 0 to procure him a peaceable burial4 ,h[1 !n1 c any reasonable man argue1 because ! son ( ,j]oboam _h a peaceable burial1 t !re=e "s m]itori\s act w save him f ! puni%m5t due to 8 (f5ces8 ,to w>rant su* a conclusion1 he ought fir/ to %[ t ! son ( ,j]oboam _h be5 a griev\s s9n] l 8 fa!r1 :i* ! ,bible does n say2 &1 secondly1 t ?is "o m]itori\s act _h obta9$ p>don ( 8 s9s1 & re/or$ him to life2 & moreov] x ought to be expressly said1 t ,god consid]$ him z j4 ,! v circum/ance t ! rabbies 7 oblig$ to h rec\rse to su* a passage1 & t !y c\ld f9d no?+ bett] 9 ! law or ! prophets1 %[s t !y 7 h>d pu%$ to f9d any?+ t w\ld ev5 be> a fa9t resemblance to _! doctr9e4 ,! law ( ,moses gives no c\nt5ance to ?is doctr9e1 & c give none1 because x is directly subv]sive ( all ! pr9ciples ( law & ju/ice4 ,! /]n pr9ciple ( ju/ice is1 t e transgression ( ! law %\ld be foll[$ by puni%m5t )\t any ref]5ce :atev] to ! good de$s or m]its ( ! transgressor4 ,ev5 be=e an e>?ly tribunal1 !re is no deviation f ?is pr9ciple4 ,if a murd]] or a robb] be convict$1 no degree ( previ\s or subsequ5t m]it c be li/5$ to z a plea aga9/ ! j s5t5ce ( ! law4 ,he may 9 all o!r respects be an unexceptionable "*1 he may fe$ ! poor & clo! ! nak$1 & give all 8 goods 9 alms1 b none ( ^! ?+s c *ange ! s5t5ce ( guilty into n guilty1 or cause him to be consid]$ z a j or innoc5t p]son4 ,& %all we suppose t ,god is less j ?an man8 ,! law ( ,moses gives u no reason = su* a supposition4 ,x says di/9ctly-- 8,moreov]1 ye %all take no satisfaction = ! life ( a murd]]1 :i* is guilty ( dea?2 b he %all surely be put to dea?40 7,num4 xxxv4 #ca47 ,accord+ to ?is decl>ation1 ! good de$s or m]its ( a murd]] are n to be reg>d$1 & !re is no?+ :i* he c d :i* c av]t ! s5t5ce ( ! law4 ,& %all we suppose t ,god himself w d :at he =bids m5 to d8 ,if s1 :y did he =bid x to be done8 ,! pla9 reason ( ?is prohibition is1 because x is contr>y to ! et]nal pr9ciples ( "r & wrong1 :i* ,god himself _c violate )\t detract+ f 8 hol9ess4 ,b x is n ) respect to murd] only t ,god has laid d[n ^! /]n pr9ciples ( ju/ice4 ,he says g5]ally-- 1 8,b ! s\l t doe? ought presumptu\sly1 :e!r he be born 9 ! l&1 or a /rang]1 ! same reproa*e? ! ,"l1 & t s\l %all be cut (f f among 8 p4 ,because he ha? despis$ ! ,"l1 & ha? brok5 8 comm&m5t1 t s\l %all utt]ly be cut (f2 8 iniquity %all be ^u him40 7,numb4 xv4 #cj1 #ca47 ,!re is "h no promise t 8 m]its %all be weigh$ aga9/ 8 (f5ces4 ,"o presumptu\s s9 w outweigh all 8 suppos$ m]its1 & = t "o he %all die 9 8 iniquity4 ,! doctr9e ( ! prophets is j ! same3-- 8,! s\l t s9ne? x %all die40 8,b :5 ! righte\s turne? away f ?is righte\sness1 & committe? iniquity1 & doe? accord+ to all ! abom9ations t ! wick$ man doe?1 %all he live8 ,all 8 righte\sness t he ha? done %all n be m5tion$3 9 8 trespass t he ha? trespass$1 & 9 8 s9 t he ha? s9n$1 9 !m %all he die40 7,ezek4 xviii4 #bj-be47 ,:5 "o reads ?is passage1 x appe>s z if ,god _h dictat$ x on purpose to contradict ! doctr9e ( ! oral law4 ,!re is "h no m5tion ( weigh+ m]its aga9/ s9s1 & no promise t "s few extraord9>y m]its may outweigh _m s9s4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is di/9ctly /at$1 t :5 ! righte\s man turne? away f 8 righte\sness1 8,all 8 righte\sness t he ha? done %all n be m5tion$40 ,if ?is be true1 ! doctr9e ( ! oral law is necess>ily & totally false4 ,b "s "o may object t !re is a simil> decl>ation made respect+ ! wick$3-- 1 8,b if ! wick$ man w turn f all 8 s9s t he ha? committ$1 & keep all my /atutes1 & d t :i* is lawful & "r1 he %all surely live1 he %all n die4 ,all transgressions t he ha? committ$1 !y %all n be m5tion$ to him1 9 8 righte\sness t he ha? done he %all live40 ,b ?is v]se is z /rongly aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ! oral law z ! o!rs already cit$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x does n say1 t he ^: s9s exce$ 8 m]its is wick$1 b t he :o commits s9 is wick$4 ,9 ! second place1 x does n say t1 by caus+ 8 m]its to exce$ 8 s9s1 he c become righte\s1 b by turn+ away1 8f ,,all 8 s9s t he ha? committ$10 & by keep+ 8,,all my /atutes40 ,x confirms ! doctr9e laid d[n already f ! law ( ,moses1 t to be righte\s 9 ! sight ( ,god1 a man mu/ commit no s91 & keep all ,god's comm&m5ts4 ,x !re=e directly contradicts ! oral law1 & ov]turns ! doctr9e t "s m]its may outweigh _m s9s4 ,if m pro( be ne$ful1 we h x 9 ! case ( ,moses himself4 ,v few1 if any1 ev5 ( ! mo/ devot$ fri5ds ( ! oral law1 c imag9e t he has s _m m]its z ,moses 8 ma/]2 & yet ! m]its ( ,moses did n outweigh "o app>5tly trifl+ transgression4 ,because ( "o s91 he 0 s5t5c$ to die ) ! disob$i5t g5]ation 9 ! wild]ness1 & n p]mitt$ to ent] into ! l& ( ,israel4 ,if ,moses' m]its1 !n1 c\ld d no?+ = him1 h[ va9 mu/ be ! hope ( o!rs1 :o ?9k t1 by ab\nd+ 9 almsgiv+ & good works = t5 days1 !y c turn ! scale ( ,god's righte\s judgm5t8 ,nei!r ! law nor ! prophets "k ( any int]m$iate class betwe5 ! righte\s & ! wick$4 ,!y specify only ! two classes1 ! righte\s & ! wick$4 ,^? :o fulfil all ,god's comm&m5ts belong to ! "o1 & ^? :o transgress any ( ,god's comm&m5ts belong to ! o!r4 ,let e man1 !n1 exam9e 8 own he>t & life1 & x w n require mu* "t nor tr\ble to asc]ta9 to :i* class he belongs4 ,a v little reflection w conv9ce him t he has be51 & is1 a transgressor ( ,god's comm&m5ts2 t he has no m]its & no righte\sness2 & !re=e belongs to t class ( :om ,moses says1 t !y are accurs$4 ,su* a conclusion may appe> dreadful1 & s x ought to be2 b ! gr& "q is1 ,is x true8 ,let e man ask himself1 8,h ,i kept1 or d ,i keep1 ,,all ,god's comm&m5ts80 ,if he c say1 ,yes3 !n1 accord+ to ! law ( ,moses1 he is righte\s1 & has ! promise ( life4 ,b if he mu/ say1 ,no3 !n he is unrighte\s1 & ! curse ( ,god is hang+ ov] him1 ready to desc5d & de/roy him3-- 8,curs$ be he t confirme? n all ! words ( ?is law to d !m4 ,& all ! p %all say1 ,am540 7,deut4 xxvii4 #bf47 ,moses holds out no nope1 except to ^? :o yield a p]fect & univ]sal ob$i5ce4 ,b "s "o w reply1 if ?is be true1 !n no man c be acc\nt$ righte\s1 on acc\nt ( 8 de$s3-- 8,= !re is n a j man ^u e>?1 t doe? good1 & s9ne? n40 7,eccles4 vii4 #bj47 ,& ?is is ! tru?1 no man c be ju/ifi$ because ( 8 good works4 ,we mu/ r5\nce all our pride1 & appe> at ! b> ( ,god z mis]able s9n]s1 look+ only = m]cy1 & n = paym5t4 ,we mu/ come to ! same conclusion z ,job did-- 1 8,i "k x is s ( a tru?3 b h[ %\ld man be j ) ,god8 ,if he w cont5d ) him1 he _c answ] him "o ( a ?\s&40 7,job ix4 #b1 #c47 ,job _h no idea t 8 m]its exce$$ 8 s9s1 b knew well t if ,god ent]$ into judgm5t ) him1 he c\ld n answ] respect+ ev5 ! ?\s&? "p ( 8 transgressions4 ,david1 ! man aft] ,god's own he>t1 _h ! same conviction1 & _h !re=e1 no wi% t 8 m]its %\ld be weigh$ ) 8 s9s4 ,8 pray] 0-- 8,ent] n into judgm5t ) ?y s]vant3 = 9 ?y sight %all no man liv+ be ju/ifi$40 7,ps4 cxliii4 #b47 ,& :5 ,daniel pray$1 he did n v5ture to pref] 8 petitions on ! score ( m]its1 or to expect an answ] z ! rew>d ( righte\sness1 b ca/ himself simply on ! m]cy ( ,god3 8,= we d n pres5t our supplications be=e !e = our righte\snesses1 b = ?y great m]cies40 7,dan4 ix4 #ah47 ,h[1 !n1 c ! mod]n ,jews hope to /& at ! tribunal ( a he>t-se>*+ ,god1 & n only escape condemnation1 b obta9 a rew>d because _! m]its exce$ _! s9s8 ,are !y m pure ?an ,job1 m holy ?an ,david1 m righte\s ?an ,daniel8 or 7 ^? ?ree mo/ holy m5 mi/ak51 or ignorant ( ! way ( salvation8 ,c]ta9 x is t !re mu/ be "s mi/ake some:]e4 ,ei!r ! rabbies 7 "r1 & !n ,job1 ,david1 & ,daniel 7 mi/ak51 or ^! ?ree m5 7 "r1 & !n ! rabbies are fe>fully & awfully mi/ak54 ,if ! law requires p]fect ob$i5ce1 & d5\nces a curse aga9/ all disob$i5ce1 !n ! =m] 7 "r 9 deprecat+ ,god's judgm5t1 & ca/+ !mselves ^u 8 m]cy4 ,b if ! law requires only t a man's m]its %\ld exce$ 8 s9s1 & says t all defici5cies c be made up by almsgiv+ & good works 9 ! t5 days betwe5 ! ,new ,ye> & ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 !n !y 7 wrong4 ,job 0 utt]ly mi/ak5 :5 he said1 8,h[ %\ld man be j ) ,god80 = ! rabbies say1 ,only be c>eful = ! fir/ t5 days ( ! ye>1 & y w be j & seal$ unto life4 ,david 0 utt]ly mi/ak5 :5 he said1 8,9 ?y sight %all no man liv+ be ju/ifi$20 = ! rabbies say t a man's m]its may exce$ 8 s9s1 & t su* an "o is j be=e ,god4 ,daniel 0 mi/ak5 9 n (f]+ 8 pray]s on ! score ( righte\sness1 b on ! plea ( m]cy4 ,b /ill1 not)/&+ ! c]ta9ty ) :i* ! rabbies speak1 we w\ld r tru/ our own salvation to ! ^w ( ,moses1 ( ,ezekiel1 ( ,job1 ,david1 & ,daniel1 ?an to t ( ! rabbies4 ,we w\ld r kneel z supplicants1 ?an claim ! rew>d ( our de$s ) ! rabbies4 ,b we _c pass ?is subject )\t obs]v+ "h also h[ ! religion ( ! rabbies exhibits itself at e turn z a religion = ! ri* & ! le>n$1 r ?an = ! poor & labori\s class ( mank9d4 ,x tea*es t almsgiv+ & good works1 at a c]ta9 season ( ! ye>1 w turn ! wick$ into righte\s m51 & trans=m ! s9n] into ! sa9t4 ,s ! ri* s9n] puts 8 h& into 8 pocket1 & lavi%es 8 gold to ! poor & ne$y1 & buys :at is want+ to make up 8 deficit ( m]it4 ,! le>n$ man sets to "w at 8 books2 = ! oral law says3-- 1 8,among/ all ! comm&m5ts1 !re is n "o t is equival5t to ! /udy ( ! law4 ,:]eas ! /udy ( ! law is equival5t to all ! comm&m5ts3 = /udy leads to practice4 ,!re=e1 /udy always goes be=e good de$s40 7,hil*o? ,talmud ,torah47 ,! "o ) 8 money1 !re=e1 & ! o!r ) 8 books1 c effect a balance 9 8 fav\r2 b :at is to become ( ! poor lab\r+ classes1 :o h no money to buy righte\sness1 & no "t = /udy1 :i* is equival5t to all ! o!r comm&m5ts8 ,= !m to turn ! balance is impossible--!y h n ! means2 & !re=e1 accord+ to ! oral law1 !y /& b a poor *ance :5 ! f9al acc\nt comes to be made up4 ,?is ( itself w\ld prove t ! doctr9e ( ! oral law _c be true4 ,god is a righte\s judge1 & he accepts no man's money & no man's le>n+4 ,he takes no bribes1 & w n wre/ ! judgm5t ( ! poor4 ,! true mode1 !re=e1 ( appe>+ j be=e ,god1 is "s o!r ?an t po9t$ out by ! oral law1 & "o accord+ to :i* ! poor s9n] w /& on equal t]ms ) 8 ri* bro!r4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r po9t to :i* we wi% to direct att5tion4 ,! oral law says1 if a man's m]its exce$ 8 s9s1 he is j & seal$ unto life2 b if 8 s9s exce$ 8 m]its1 !n he is seal$ unto dea?3 :at !n are we to ?9k ( all :o die 9 ea* succe$+ ye>8 ,x is pla9 t !y h n be5 seal$ unto life1 = !n !y c\ld n h di$4 ,!n !y 7 seal$ unto dea?2 !n we mu/ conclude t _! s9s exce$ _! m]its2 & z all die1 !n we mu/ conclude1 fur!r1 t all die 9 _! s9s--t _! s9s are m ?an _! m]its2 & s1 aft] all1 ?is rabb9ical doctr9e comes to no?+4 ,x tells a man t by hav+ 8 m]its great] ?an 8 s9s1 he is righte\s1 & w be seal$ unto life2 & yet1 aft] all 8 almsgiv+ & good works1 he dies l o!r m51 & x turns out t he is n a j man1 nor ev5 "o ( ! int]m$iate class1 b "o ( ! wick$4 ,h[ c any rational man put 8 fai? 9 su* a sy/em1 :i* promises a great deal1 b does n keep its promise8 ,above all1 h[ c he tru/ 8 s\l's ev]la/+ welf>e ^u a promise :i* ea* successive ye> proves to be false8 ,_m an "o has pass$ into et]nity already be=e ! ,new ,ye>1 & ( all su* ! oral law says !y h di$ 9 _! s9s4 ,_m m may pass into et]nity betwe5 ! ,new ,ye> & ! ,day ( ,atonem5t4 ,if ! oral law be true1 all su* belong to ! decid$ly wick$ :o did n des]ve ! t5 days' grace4 ,_! fri5ds & relations mu/1 !re=e1 /amp _! memory ) ! br& ( ! imp5it5tly wick$1 or if !y ent]ta9 a hope t su* p]sons h n di$ 9 _! s9s1 !y mu/ decl>e ( ! oral law t x is false4 ,if !y w\ld h a promise t w n & _c deceive1 let !m take up ! law & ! prophets4 ,! read] ( ?is pap] is /ill alive1 b :o c tell h[ soon 8 turn mu/ come1 & come x w1 & t soon 9 e case4 ,:at consolation1 !n1 w he h on 8 dy+ b$8 ,w he beg9 to balance 8 acc\nt ( m]it & s98 ,alas6 !re is no use 9 t4 ,if ! oral law be true1 x 0 balanc$ on ! la/ ,day ( ,atonem5t1 & ! s9s 7 f\nd to outweigh ! m]its1 z 8 approa*+ dea? te/ifies4 ,:]e !n w he flee = refuge or = consolation8 ,9 ! agony & feebl5ess ( a dea?-b$ h\r !re is no "t = do+ good works1 & pov]ty may cut (f ! rabb9ic hope ( pur*as+ salvation4 ,9 ! oral law !re is no hope4 ,c he f9d x1 !n1 9 ! law ( ,moses8 ,t law requires p]fect & univ]sal ob$i5ce1 & pron\nces ! s9n] accurs$4 ,z an accurs$ s9n]1 !n1 he mu/ /& at ! b> ( ,god1 unless !re be "s o!r way & "s o!r hope4 ,:5 ,jacob 0 on 8 dea?-b$ he _h ano!r hope4 ,he c\ld say-- 8,i h wait$ = ?y salvation1 ,o ,"l40 7,g54 xlix4 #ah47 ,oh6 let ! read] seek ?is salvation 9 "t1 t :5 8 la/ h\r comes1 he may be z calm1 z happy1 & z full ( hope z 8 pi\s =efa!r4 ,he di$ 9 a =eign l&1 b he di$ happy1 tru/+ n 9 8 own righte\sness1 b 9 ! salvation ( ,god4 ,he _h le>n$ by exp]i5ce t man _c deliv] himself f m]e temporal tr\ble1 b t ev5 !re ,god is 8 only refuge & 8 hope1 & /ill m s 9 ! h\r ( dea? & ! day ( judgm5t4 ,b he _h le>n$ also to believe 9 ! ,angel :o _h r$eem$ him f all evil1 & 0 p]suad$ t ,he w\ld n =sake him 9 ! great transition f "t to et]nity4 ,he _h n put (f ! consid]ation ( salvation to ! la/4 ,he c\ld say1 8,i h wait$ = ?y salvation1 ,o ,"l10 & !re=e :5 ! awful mom5t arriv$1 he c\ld 9 p]fect tranquillity ga!r 8 *ildr5 ab\t him1 & tell !m ( ,%iloh :o 0 to come1 & ( ! salvation :i* he _h expect$4 ,no4 ,,xxxiv4 ,,new ,,ye>1 ,,cont9u$4 ,all :o believe 9 ,div9e ,revelation look =w>d to a great day1 :5 ! secrets ( all he>ts %all be reveal$1 & a righte\s s5t5ce pron\nc$ ^u all ! sons ( m54 ,! mo/ important ?+ 9 ! _w1 !n1 = u to "k is1 ! way ( acceptance ) ,god1 at t solemn h\r4 ,& if m5 are b\nd z rational be+s to exam9e ! gr\nds ( _! op9ions & belief on o!r subjects1 !y mu/ be consid]$ z altoge!r devoid ( reason1 :o d n ?or\ghly exam9e & weigh ! doctr9es :i* h be5 taught !m ) reg>d to ju/ification at ! b> ( ,god4 ,a mi/ake on o!r subjects may be endur$1 b a mi/ake "h is fatal & irrep>able4 ,:at w be ! horror ( ^? :o f9d t !y h ?r\gh _! own want ( consid]ation be5 tru/+ 9 a delusive hope1 & h reject$1 wilfully reject$1 t way ( acceptance :i* ,god has appo9t$4 ,if !re be any "o po9t ( diff]5ce betwe5 ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 :i* requires pr(\nd & att5tive consid]ation1 x is ?is4 ,we ,*ri/ians believe t1 on ?is all-important po9t1 ! oral law is utt]ly mi/ak51 & t all :o tru/ _! salvation to ! hope :i* x holds out1 w f9d !mselves awfully mi/ak5 if ,moses & ! prophets speak tru?4 ,we h endeav\r$ to %[ t ! hope ( ju/ification by m]its is contr>y to ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,b we %all n[ proce$ to %[ t ! oral law by ?is doctr9e contradicts itself1 & t !re=e x is mo/ unsafe to re/ our salvation ^u any ( its ass]tions4 ,9 t law1 :i* tea*es t if a man's m]its exce$ 8 s9s1 he is ju/ifi$1 we also f9d ! foll[+ p>able1 int5d$ to expla9 ,god's deal+s 9 ! judgm5t ( ! ,new ,ye>3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,a p>able4 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 city1 :i* ow$ tribute to ! k+1 b did n pay x1 :]eupon he came ^u x ) an army to collect x4 ,:5 he came )9 t5 leagues ( x1 ! great m5 ( ! city w5t =? to meet him1 & said to him1 ,we h no?+ :]e) to pay !e1 s he =gave !m "o-?ird4 ,:5 he approa*$ ne>] /ill1 ! middle classes ( ! city w5t =? to meet him1 & he =gave !m a second-?ird4 ,:5 he approa*$ /ill ne>]1 all ! population ( ! city w5t =? to meet him1 & he =gave !m all4 ,! ,k+ "h is ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he4 ,! inhabitants ( ! city are ,israel1 :o accumulate s9s all ! ye>4 ,on ! eve ( ! ,new ,ye>1 ! great m5 fa/1 & "o-?ird ( _! s9s is remitt$ to !m4 ,9 ! t5 days1 ! int]m$iate class fa/1 & two-?irds are remitt$4 ,on ! ,day ( ,atonem5t all fa/1 & all is remitt$ to !m40 7,ora* ,*aiim1 #eha47 ,n[ ?is repres5tation is q at v>iance ) ! doctr9e t ^? are ju/ifi$ ^: m]its exce$ _! s9s4 ,?is p>able1 9 ! fir/ place1 repres5ts all z 9 debt1 & secondly1 t !y h no?+ to pay1 & ?irdly1 t ! ,k+ =gives !m freely & = no?+4 ,n[ ?is /atem5t is directly contr>y to ! notion ( m]it4 ,if a man has m m]its ?an s9s1 & is on t score acc\nt$ j1 he _c be said to be 9 debt1 & he ne$s no remission4 ,b if x be true ( ! great m5 z well z ! middle class1 t !y are 9 debt & h no?+ :]e) to pay1 !n x is c]ta9 t !y h no m]its1 & _c be consid]$ z j1 b z s9n]s4 ,m]it & =giv5ess are z ess5tially oppos$ z paym5t & debt4 ,! man :o has paid 8 cr$itor all 8 dem&s c h no debt1 & s ! man :o has kept ,god's comm&s s z to h m]it1 ne$s n =giv5ess4 ,b he :o has no?+ to pay1 t is1 he :o has no m]its1 mu/ ei!r be condemn$1 or he mu/ h a free =giv5ess ( all2 & ?is ! p>able says is ! case ( ,israel4 ,!y h no?+ to pay1 & ,god =gives !m all4 ,m]it is !re=e altoge!r out ( ! "q1 & if ?is /atem5t be true1 !n ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by m]its is false1 & !re=e ! oral law contradicts itself4 ,h[ !n c ! ,israelite tru/ 8 ev]la/+ welf>e to a sy/em at v>iance ) itself8 ,! pray]s = ! ,new ,ye> are equally decisive aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by m]its4 ,out ( _m passages :i* d5y ! exi/5ce ( m]it1 & ass]ts ! necessity ( a free =giv5ess1 we cite ! foll[+3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,?\s&s & t5 ?\s&s ( congregations1 :i* h p]secut$ u & are vani%$1 7 n able to ju/ify !mselves 9 purity4 ,lo6 ! heav5s are n pure 9 8 sight1 & all ! heav5ly angels are z beat5 flax3 h[ !n c he t is fil?y & abom9able be pure8 ,he ga!re? ri*es by deceit2 & work+ 9 secret1 he says 9 8 he>t1 ,:o c be> witness aga9/ me be=e him8 ,ev5 ! beams1 raft]s1 planks1 & /ones ( 8 h\se4 ,o ,?\ :o art too pure ( sight to view evil1 s9k our s9s 9 ! deepe/ recesses1 & "w ! good sign = u40 7,pray]s = ! ,new ,ye>1 p4 #adi47 ,"h is an express ackn[l$gm5t t ! congregations ( old c\ld n ju/ify !mselves by m]it1 an ass]tion 9 ! words ( ! ,psalm1 t all m5 are fil?y & abom9able1 & a pray]1 n = paym5t ( des]ts1 b = =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,if ?is pray] conta9 ! s5tim5ts ( tru?1 & be (f]$ 9 s9c]ity1 !n ,israel has no m]its1 & ! doctr9e1 t any man is ju/ifi$ by ! sup]abundance ( 8 m]its1 is a m]e fiction4 ,! man :o w v5ture to (f] ?is pray]1 & yet hope to be sav$ by 8 good de$s1 is a hypocrite1 or is n "r 9 8 m9d4 ,"h aga91 !n1 ! oral law is inconsi/5t ) itself3 = "h x places ! hope ( salvation n 9 m]it1 b 9 ! free & undes]v$ m]cy ( ,god4 ,x is ! duty ( e ,israelite1 !re=e1 to asc]ta9 :i* ( ! two ways is 9 accordance ) ! decl>ation ( ,moses & ! prophets4 ,x is impossible t !y %\ld bo? be true4 ,! fact appe>s to be1 t ! au?ors ( ! oral law1 l all o!r m51 lov$ ! hon\r & glory ( p]sonal righte\sness1 & hop$ t all ^? de$s1 & fa/s1 & almsgiv+1 :i* 7 s lovely 9 _! own eyes1 & ga9$ !m s mu* cr$it among/ m51 w\ld also be duly ackn[l$g$ at ! b> ( ,god's judgm5t4 ,at ! same "t _! consci5ce 0 cont9ually awak5$ & t]rifi$ by ! pla9 decl>ations ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 & !re=e1 to quiet _! consci5ce1 !y 7 driv5 ev5 aga9/ _! wills to ackn[l$ge _! guilt1 & to seek = a quietus4 ,?is !y p>tly f\nd 9 ! hope ( free m]cy1 b p>tly 9 inv5tions ( _! own4 ,!y plac$ no small dep5d5ce ^u fa/+ & almsgiv+1 b _! tr\bl$ consci5ce 0 n satisfi$ ) ^!1 & !y h !re=e fl$ = refuge to obs]vances ! mo/ trivial1 & hopes ! mo/ *ildi%4 ,by bl[+ ! horn ! :ole mon? ( ,elul1 !y hope to deceive ,satan1 s t he may n "k :i* is ! fir/ day ( ! new ye>1 & may n be able to accuse !m3-- 8,!re=e our wise m5 ( bless$ memory h orda9$ t ! horn %\ld be bl[n on ! fir/ day ( ! mon? ( ,elul e ye>1 & dur+ ! :ole mon?1 to w>n ,israel to rep5t1 z x is said1 #8,%all a trumpet be bl[n 9 ! city1 & ! p n be afraid8' 7,amos iii4 #f71 & also to confuse ,satan40 ,h[ c any man ( und]/&+ believe t a law tea*+ su* absurdity is f ,god8 ,we are told 9 ,ze*>iah & ,job1 t ,satan does accuse ! p ( ,god3 b h[ c any "o1 :o has be5 taught by ! ,^w ( ,god1 imag9e t ,satan is to be deceiv$ by bl[+ ! horn at a wrong "t1 or t ev5 if he did n accuse at all1 t ,god is ignorant ( man's s9s1 or t he w judge unju/ly unless he is rem9d$ by ,satan8 ,9 accus+ s9n]s1 ,satan gratifies 8 own malignity1 b 8 accusation is n want$ at ! b> ( ,god to convict man ( s94 ,:5 m5 appe> !re !y w be se5 z !y are4 ,all _! transgressions w be z visible z is n[ _! bodily pres5ce4 ,! eye ( ,god w p5etrate e secret recess ( ! s\l1 & ! consci5ce itself w te/ify & condemn ! imp5it5t4 ,x is !re=e mo/ absurd & irrational to hope to escape by conf\nd+ ! accus]2 & x is to u s]i\s matt] ( a/oni%m5t h[ su* an absurdity c\ld h be5 tol]at$ = s _m c5turies1 & h[ a p ( su* intellect z ! ,jews confess$ly are1 %\ld rema9 ! disciples ( su* s5seless sup]/ition4 ,b ! rabbies expect n only to conf\nd ,satan by bl[+ ! horn at ! wrong "t1 b to obta9 ,god's m]cy by bl[+ x at ! "r "t4 ,?us we are told 9 ,vaijikra ,rabbah-- 8,at ! h\r 9 :i* ,israel take _! horns1 & s\nd be=e ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 ,he rises f ! ?rone ( judgm5t & sits on ! ?rone ( m]cy1 z x is writt51 #8,! ,"l1 ) ! s\nd ( ! trumpet' 7,ps4 xlvii4 #e72 & he is fill$ ) m]cy t[>ds !m1 & has pity ^u !m1 & *anges ! attribute ( judgm5t :i* 0 aga9/ !m into m]cy4 ,:5 does ?is happ58 ,9 ! sev5? mon?40 7,vaijikra ,rabbah1 sect4 #bi47 ,?is !n is "o ( ! means :]eby ! rabbies try to quiet a guilty consci5ce4 ,if true1 x w\ld no d\bt be v conv5i5t = a man :o has sp5t ! ye> 9 iniquity1 & :o has n rep5t$1 & does n int5d to rep5t1 to get rid ( all 8 s9s by bl[+ a horn on ! new ye>1 & ?us turn+ ,god's wra? into m]cy4 ,b x is a /atem5t altoge!r oppos$ to ! ,^w ( ,god1 & d]ogatory to 8 "* = m]cy & = ju/ice4 ,no m]e c]emonial act c atone = s91 nei!r does ,god ne$ ! bl[+ ( a horn to rem9d him ( m]cy4 ,to suppose1 t su* a mis]able c]emony c /op ,god 9 8 c\rse ( ju/ice1 & make him rev]se 8 det]m9ations1 is to deprive him ( all ! attributes ( ,deity1 & to repres5t him z exce$+ 9 imbecility ! weake/ ( all ! sons ( m5 t ev] occupi$ ! judgm5t-seat4 ,& yet ?is mo/ absurd & unscriptural hope is n m]ely a rabb9ic leg5d1 or an allegory1 b is 9 ! pray]s ( ! synagogue gravely ins]t$ z a dev\t petition3-- 1 ,! foll[+ pray] is said by ! p]son :o s\nds ! cornet1 be=e he beg9s3--8,may x be acceptable 9 ?y pres5ce1 ,o ,"l1 my ,god1 & ! ,god ( my fa!rs1 ! ,god ( heav51 & ! ,god ( ! e>?2 ! ,god ( ,abraham1 ! ,god ( ,isaac1 & ! ,god ( ,jacob2 ! great ,god1 mighty & trem5d\s2 to s5d me ! holy & pure angels1 :o are fai?ful m9i/]s1 & fai?ful 9 _! message2 & :o are desir\s & will+ to ju/ify ,israel2 & also ! great angel ,patzpatziah1 :o is appo9t$ to pres5t ! m]its ( ,israel1 :5 !y s\nd ! cornet ?is day2 & likewise ! great angel ,ta%ba*1 :o is appo9t$ to decl>e ! m]its ( ,israel1 & conf\nd ,satan ) _! s\nd ( ! cornet2 & ! great pr9ces1 :o are appo9t$ ov] ! cornet1 ,enka?am & ,pa/am1 & ! great angels1 ,had>niel & ,s&alphon1 :o are appo9t$ ov] our s\nd+1 :o introduce our s\nd+ be=e ! ?rone ( ?y glory2 & also ! angel ,%am%iel1 :o is appo9t$ ov] ! joyful s\nd2 & ! angel ,pra/a1 :o is appo9t$ to sup]9t5d t !y may all be exp$iti\s 9 _! err&2 to introduce our s\nd+s be=e ! veil1 & be=e ! ?rone ( ?y glory2 & maye/ ?\ be fil$ ) m]cy ov] ?y p ,israel2 & lead u )9 ! temp]ate l9e ( /rict ju/ice2 & conduct ?yself t[>ds ?y *ildr51 ) ! attribute ( m]cy1 & suff] our s\nd+s to asc5d be=e ! ?rone ( ?y glory40 7,pray]s = ! ,new ,ye>1 p4 #ha47 ,"h1 !n1 we h1 9 ! language ( solemn pray]1 ! v same mon/r\s doctr9e1 t ! s\nd+ ( ! cornet on ! new ye> c *ange ,god's det]m9ations2 & we h x 9 ev5 a m objectionable =m1 = x is connect$ ) o!r mo/ unscriptural sup]/itions4 ,?is pray] ass]ts :at is n[h]e f\nd 9 ,holy ,scripture1 t !re is a c]ta9 numb] ( angels ^: express (fice x is to sup]9t5d ! bl[+ ( ! horn1 & to be> ! s\nd+s !re( be=e ! ?rone ( ,god1 & at ! same "t to advocate _! m]its4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ?is is a pure inv5tion1 & a fond sup]/ition4 ,9 ! ,^w ( ,god1 n "o ^w is m5tion$ ( any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,we %\ld be sorry to treat any religi\s t5et ( any p1 b especially ( ! ,jews1 ) ridicule1 b we _c help ask+ ! good s5se ( e read]1 :e!r ! repres5tation "h giv5 is n 9 ! highe/ degree ridicul\s8 ,! angels are to be s5t d[n f heav54 ,= :at purpose8 ,is x to w>n m5 ( ! imp5d+ wra? ( ,god1 or to ann\nce ! com+ r$emption ( ,israel1 or to execute ,god's judgm5ts8 ,no1 b to att5d to ! bl[+ ( a ram's horn1 & to c>ry up ! s\nds be=e ! ?rone ( ,god1 t !y may turn 8 attribute ( judgm5t into t ( m]cy4 ,is x necess>y1 !n1 = ! angels to int]f]e 9 ?is matt]8 _c ,god he> ! s\nd+ ( ! cornet1 unless x be convey$ to him by angels8 or d ! mov+s ( 8 compassion dep5d ^u ! bl[+ ( a cornet8 ,:at w\ld ,elijah h said to su* doctr9e z ?is8 ,:5 ! prie/s ( ,baal only cri$ al\d1 he mock$ !m1 & said1 8,cry al\d1 = he is a ,god2 ei!r he is talk+1 or he is pursu+1 or he is on a j\rney1 or p]adv5ture he sleepe?1 & mu/ be awak$40 7#a ,k+s xviii4 #bg47 ,& yet ! prie/s ( ,baal 7 n s\nd+ a cornet1 t !y might r\se _! pret5d$ ,deity to compassion4 ,if we _h n read ?is pray] ) our own eyes1 we c\ld sc>cely h believ$ t ev5 ,rabb9ism itself c\ld h fall5 into su* manife/ absurdity4 ,b ! subject is f> too grave to be treat$ ) levity4 ,^u ?is absurdity1 ! rabbies tea* ,israel to re/ _! hope ( salvation4 ,consci\s t ! hope ( ju/ification by m]it is fallaci\s1 & yet unwill+ to give up :at is s palatable to ! pride ( man1 !y seek ab\t to f9d some?+ t w comp5sate = ! defici5cy1 & 9 ! eag]ness ( desp]ation grasp at any ?+4 ,! trivial c]emony ( bl[+ ! cornet 0 !re=e turn$ into a my/]y1 & a suitable app>atus ( angels inv5t$ to meet ! appreh5sions ( ! sup]/iti\s & un5light5$1 & 9 "s degree to take (f ! app>5t irrationality ( believ+ t an act s insignificant %\ld effect a *ange s great 9 ! purposes ( ! ,almighty4 ,b :atev] 0 ! motive or ! orig9 ( ?is fable1 !re x n[ /&s 9 ! pray]s ( ! synagogue1 to lead ! ignorant away f ! true means ( ju/ification1 & ! true ideas ( ,god's ju/ice & ,god's judgm5t4 ,let no man say x is an innoc5t error4 ,no error is innoc5t4 ,error 9 e =m is p]nici\s2 9 religion x is deadly4 ,& ! mo/ mis*iev\s ( all religi\s errors are ^? :i* confirm m5 9 ! idea1 t ext]nal c]emonies w atone = moral del9qu5cies2 & ?is is precisely ! t5d5cy ( ! fable "h notic$4 ,an ignorant & sup]/iti\s man1 & !re are _m su* 9 e religion1 f9ds 9 8 ,pray]-book t ! bl[+ ( ! cornet c *ange ! attribute ( judgm5t into ! attribute ( m]cy3 he believes x to be true1 n only because ( ! book :]e he f9ds x1 b because e man is glad to he> ( a way ( acceptance1 :i* w save ! tr\ble ( rep5tance & ?or\gh *ange ( he>t & life4 ,he !re=e p]sev]es ?r\gh ! ye> 9 ! practice ( ^? ?+s :i* 8 he>t condemns1 tru/+ t ! bl[+ ( ! cornet w set all /raight1 & ?us he goes on f ye> to ye> until dea? ov]takes him h>d5$ & imp5it5t1 & he f9ds too late at ! b> ( ,god1 t he has be5 9 fatal error4 ,^u :om !n w ! guilt ( su* p]son's de/ruction be *>g$8 ,n only ^u ^? :o inv5t$ ! falsehood1 b on ^? also :o sanction x1 :o leave x 9 ! ,pray]-book1 & ?us practically tea* ! p sup]/ition4 ,e ,jew :o att5ds ! wor%ip ( ! synagogue is responsible 9 8 /ation & call+1 = ! error & falsehood :i* its pray]s propagate among/ ! p4 ,b at all ev5ts e p]son :o disbelieves ?is /ory ( ! angels c>ry+ up ! s\nd+ ( ! cornet1 mu/ grant t a sy/em tea*+ su* a me?od ( salvation is v unsafe2 & t1 z x grossly errs 9 ?is "o article x is suspici\s 9 all4 ,b besides ! absurdity ( ?is doctr9e1 we mu/ notice its inconsi/5cy4 ,! ,pray]-book /ates t ! bl[+ ( ! cornet is necess>y to ! procur+ ( p>don2 x !re=e implies t p>don is necess>y1 & !re=e t ,israel is guilty2 :at1 !n1 becomes ( m]its8 ,if ,israel c be ju/ifi$ by m]its1 ! bl[+ ( ! cornet is sup]flu\s2 =1 9 t case1 all !y want is ju/ice4 ,:]e a man c claim salvation because ( all 8 good de$s1 he ne$ n fe> ! attribute ( righte\sness1 1 & does n want ! attribute ( m]cy4 ,b ! mom5t t he ackn[l$ges 8 ne$ ( =giv5ess1 he confesses t he has no m]its4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ,pray]-book be "r 9 ackn[l$g+ s9 & pray+ = p>don1 ! oral law is wrong 9 tea*+ ju/ification by m]its4 ,"o contradicts ! o!r1 & !re=e !y _c bo? be f ,god2 & ! man :o believes bo? is guilty ( r5\nc+ 8 reason4 ,b ! man :o tru/s 8 salvation to a sy/em s inconsi/5t ) itself1 is utt]ly devoid ( wisdom4 ,he is haz>d+ 8 et]nal welf>e on ! te/imony ( a witness :o contradicts himself2 :o says at "o "t1 t a man c be sav$ by 8 m]its1 & at ano!r "t t he has no m]its t c /& ! scrut9y ( ,god's righte\s judgm5t4 ,no4 ,,xxxv4 ,,ju/ification4 ,! doctr9e ( ju/ification by m]its is agreeable1 & seems v reasonable1 s long z a man c !orize1 t is1 s long z he is n 9 e>ne/4 ,b s soon z ! prospect ( dea?1 or any o!r simil> circum/ance1 compels him to realize ! act ( ,div9e judgm5t ^u himself1 x loses all its beauty & plausibility2 ! consci5ce is unsatisfi$ by its consolations1 & reason pron\nces t ! hope built on m]its is insecure4 ,a solemn & e>ne/ review ( our pa/ ye>s soon conv9ces1 t our good de$s are b few1 t our be/ de$s are defil$ by mix$ motives2 &1 above all1 t ! love ( ,god has n be5 ! he>t's dom9ant pr9ciple1 & t1 !re=e1 "s o!r mode ( ju/ification is absolutely necess>y4 ,! tru? ( ?is /atem5t is confirm$ by ! inconsi/5cy ( ! oral law ) itself4 ,! great pr9ciple ( ! oral law is1 t ! obs]vance ( any "o ( its comm&s1 pur*ases a c]ta9 quantity ( m]it1 & t an accumulation ( ^! m]its w1 at la/1 con/itute a suffici5cy2 b :5 ! solemn season ( ! ,new ,ye> & ! ,day ( ,atonem5t arrives1 ?is suffici5cy is f\nd to be insuffici5t1 & ! al>m$ consci5ce eag]ly looks r\nd to f9d some?+1 t may comp5sate = ! defici5cy ( m]it4 ,we h already notic$ "s ( ! rabb9ic inv5tions = ?is purpose1 & n[ proce$ to consid] ano!r1 & t is1 ! m]it ( _! prog5itors4 ,"o ( ! ma9 props ( rabb9ic hope is ! righte\sness ( _! =efa!rs1 z may be se5 almo/ on e page ( ! ,jewi% ,pray]-book1 & z is app>5t 9 ! foll[+ extracts3-- 1 1 1 1 1 8,%e :o 0 sorr[ful :5 b>r51 0 made to rejoice ) good tid+s :5 n9ety ye>s ( age2 %e !n s5t =? %oots t fail$ n4 ,reg>d ! m]it ( y\r ance/ors :o 7 born on ?is day1 & ! ?ree b>r5 ones1 :o 7 visit$ on ?is day3 ju/ify1 ?r\gh _! righte\sness1 ^? :o hope 9 !e1 ,o ,?\1 :o art trem5d\s40 7,levi's ,pray] = ! ,new ,ye>1 p4 #fa47 ,& aga9-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,! fe>ful day ( visitation is come1 its dread goads all fle%2 !y pres5t !mselves ) b5d$ knees2 ,o may _! rep5tance be acc\nt$ z a burnt-(f]+4 ,?\ :o ha/ =m$ !m judge/ all _! ?\ghts3 ! ri* & poor are all weigh$ 9 ! balance2 rememb] ! m]it ( him :o said1 #8,%all he n d ju/ice8' ,o1 rememb] ! t5or ( 8 pray] 9 judgm5t4 ,ere ought 0 creat$ did/ ?\ purpose to orda9 him ! rock f :5ce ! nation 0 to spr+2 he 0 z ! c5tre1 ! support ( all creatures4 ,8 wife 0 on ?is day endu$ ) y\?1 to cause ! bran* to put =? at n9ety ye>s ( age2 %e 0 appo9t$ z a sign to ^? :o are lik5$ to ! rose1 :o are to pass be=e !e 9 judgm5t on ?is ,new ,ye>'s-day4 ,h] po/]ity tremble ?is day2 :5 !y /& be=e ?y t]rible ?rone2 !y utt] ! voice ( pray] ?is day2 !y assemble to s\nd ! cornet1 t !y may obta9 r$emption4 ,!y dep5d on h] m]it to be visit$ l h]2 _! assemblies cry al\d & ha/5 to ent] into ?y doors4 ,!y dep5d on ! a%es ( him :o 0 b\nd z a lamb1#cj ) :om %e 0 visit$ 9 ! mon? ,ti%ri40 7,ibid41 p4 #eg47 ,! (f]+ ( ,isaac is reg>d$ z p>ticul>ly m]itori\s1 & con/antly urg$ z a plea = m]it4 ,?us-- 8,att5tively view ! a%es ( ,isaac1 heap$ ^u ! alt>2#ca & rememb] ?is day unto 8 se$1 8 be+ b\nd on ! alt>40 7,ibid41 p4 #ha47 ,& aga9-- 1 1 8,!y dep5d on ! righte\sness ( ! fir/ patri>*1 & re/ on ! m]it ( ! only peculi> ,son1 & are secure 9 ! p]fection & rectitude ( ! fa!r ( ! nation40 7,ibid41 p4 #aje47 ,^! passages %[ pla9ly t1 aft] all1 ! rabbies felt _! own doctr9e ( ju/ification by m]its v unsafe gr\nd on :i* to build _! hope ( salvation2 & t !y 7 glad to flee to m]its m adequate1 :i* !y hop$ to f9d 9 ! righte\sness ( _! ance/ors4 ,! mod]n ,jews1 :o /ill adopt ^! pray]s1 pr(ess to ent]ta9 ! same hope1 & we !re=e proce$ to inquire1 :e!r x be built on a bett] f\ndation ?an t :i* !y are compell$ to rel9qui%4 ,we ?9k t x is n2 =1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! sa9ts ( old1 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 ?\gh we rev]e !m z pi\s & holy m51 7 aft] all only s9ful m5 l ourselves4 ,!y did n1 & c\ld n1 save !mselves by _! own righte\sness1 & if !y did n save !mselves1 x is folly to ?9k t !y c save u4 ,abraham1 ?\gh by ! grace ( ,god1 ! fa!r ( ! fai?ful1 0 yet 9 himself s weak 9 fai?1 & s di/ru/ful 9 ! goodness & m]cy ( ,god1 z to endeav\r to save himself f ! ,egyptians by means ( a delib]ate falsehood4 ,s>ah _h s little fai? z to laugh )9 h]self at ! promise ( ,god1 & !n to def5d h]self by a lie4 ,isaac 0 guilty ( simil> conduct1 & ,jacob's s9 9 deceiv+ 8 bro!r pla9ly %[s1 t he also 0 a poor s9ful creature4 ,:]e !n are _! sup]abundant m]its1 :]eby !y are to ju/ify all _! po/]ity8 ,! ,^w ( ,god says expressly1-- 8,no man c by any means r$eem 8 bro!r1 nor give to ,god a ransom = him40 7,ps4 xlix4 #h47 ,h[ !n are ^! ?ree m5 to r$eem all _! po/]ity8 ,if !y h got m]its suffici5t to comp5sate = ! unrighte\sness ( _! *ildr51 !n !y h a ransom2 & !n ! ,^w ( ,god1 :i* says t no man has a ransom1 is n true4 ,b if ! words ( ! ,psalm be true1--& he is no ,jew :o ?9ks !m false1--!n ! patri>*s h no sup]abundant m]its1 & no ransom to (f] = _! *ildr51 & !n ! hope built on _! righte\sness is deceitful1 & ^? t lean on x w f9d !mselves mi/ak5 9 ! h\r ( judgm5t4 ,nay1 m1 !y w f9d !mselves accurs$ = dep>t+ f ! ,"l4 ,he t tru/s 9 ! righte\sness ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 to deliv] him f ! wra? to come1 is evid5tly tru/+ 9 man1 & mak+ fle% 8 arm4 ,if ! m]its ( ! patri>*s c save _! *ildr5 f ! wra? ( ,god1 !n ,god is n ! ,savi\r ( ,israel1 b ! patri>*s are ,israel's r$eem]s1 & poor mortal m5 are _! hope & _! tru/3 b ! ,prophet says1-- 8,curs$ be ! man t tru/e? 9 man1 & make? fle% 8 arm1 & ^: he>t dep>te? f ! ,"l40 7,j]4 xvii4 #e47 ,s f>1 !n1 f be+ secure by tru/+ 9 ! righte\sness ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 ?is tru/ increases ! s9n]'s guilt1 & draws d[n ^u him a d\ble curse4 ,b x has pleas$ ,god himself to argue ?is "q at l>ge ) ! ,jews1 to suppose ! case ( a righte\s fa!r :o has an unrighte\s son1 & to decl>e t ! son _c be sav$ by ! righte\sness ( ! fa!r4 ,9 ! ,prophet ,ezekiel1 ,god says1 8,if a man be j1 & d t :i* is lawful & "r--he is j1 he %all surely live1 sai? ! ,"l ,god4 ,if he beget a son t is a robb]1 a %$d] ( blood1 & t doe? ! l to any ( ^! ?+s1 & t doe? n any ( ^? duties1 b ev5 ha? eat5 ^u ! m\nta9s1 & defile? 8 neighb\r's wife1 ha? oppress$ ! poor & ne$y1 ha? spoil$ by viol5ce1 ha? n re/or$ ! pl$ge1 & ha? lift$ up 8 eyes to ! idols1 ha? committ$ abom9ation1 ha? giv5 =? ^u usury1 & ha? tak5 increase3 %all he !n live8 he %all n live3 he ha? done all ^! abom9ations3 he %all surely die2 8 blood %all be ^u him40 7,ezek4 xviii4 #e-ac47 ,"h ,god sets ! matt] at re/1 & decides t ! righte\sness ( a fa!r is ( no use to an unrighte\s son1 & _c deliv] him f ! puni%m5t due to 8 evil de$s4 ,! doctr9e1 !n1 ( ju/ification by ! m]its ( ance/ors1 is directly oppos$ to ! pla9 decl>ation ( ,god himself1 &1 !re=e1 9 ?is case also ! ,jewi% pray]s & ! oral law tea* error1 & s$uce ! ,jews to _! ev]la/+ de/ruction1 by tea*+ !m to tru/ 9 t :i* c d !m no good4 ,x is an awful & melan*oly spectacle to see ,god's anci5t p ?us misl$4 ,at ?is season ( ! ye>1 ! dev\t among/ !m endeav\r to turn to ,god1 fa/ & pray1 & yet nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r is accept$1 because !y put _! tru/ 9 ! m]its ( m51 & _! he>t is turn$ away f ,god _! ,savi\r4 ,! pray]s ( ! synagogue1 in/ead ( draw+ d[n a bless+1 only help to accumulate wra?1 by s$uc+ !m f ! ,r$eem] ( ,israel to refuges ( lies4 ,& h5ce x happ5s t all ! fa/s & ! pray]s ( ,israel = ^! sev5te5 c5turies h be5 disreg>d$ by ,god1 & t ,israel /ill cont9ues 9 captivity4 ,b z e lie & e error is built ^u "s tru? z its f\ndation1 x w be well to inquire :at tru? x 0 t gave rise to ?is error ( ju/ification by ! m]its ( ance/ors8 ,! pr9ciple is t ! guilty may be sav$ by ! m]its ( ano!r p]son1 :o is righte\s3 h[1 !n1 did ?is pr9ciple become curr5t among ! ,jews8 ,x 0 c]ta9ly n ! inv5tion ( human reason1 = reason c discov] no necess>y connexion betwe5 ! m]its ( "o righte\s man & ! p>don ( ano!r :o is guilty4 ,! pr9ciple does n hold 9 ! ord9>y judicial proce$+s ( ?is _w3 a robb] or a murd]] is n & _c be p>don$ because ano!r memb] ( ! community1 or ( 8 family1 is a good & righte\s man4 ,we mu/ !re=e look else:]e = ! orig9 ( ! pr9ciple1 & we f9d x 9 ! reveal$ w ( ,god4 ,we see x 9 ! appo9tm5t ( sacrifice & atonem5t1 accord+ to :i* a guilty man 0 p>don$ by ! suff]+ ( an innoc5t animal4 ,"h is at once ! pr9ciple ( sub/itution ( ! innoc5t = ! guilty2 & human reason1 :5 x once has ! sub/ratum1 c easily proce$ to erect ! sup]/ructure4 ,9 ! pres5t case x naturally argu$1 if ! dea? ( "o ( ! brute creation c\ld effect s mu*1 h[ mu* m w\ld ! m]its ( a righte\s man avail1 if su* an "o c\ld be f\nd8 ,! error1 !n1 is n 9 ! pr9ciple1 b 9 its application4 ,accord+ to ! ,scripture1 x is true t ! innoc5t may be sub/itut$ = ! guilty2 b ! rabbies 7 wrong 9 apply+ ?is tru? to ! case ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1 & o!r m51 :o 7 only s9n]s z !mselves4 ,! ,^w ( ,god1 :i* gave ! pr9ciple1 also directs u to ! "r application4 ,x tells u ( "o = ^: righte\sness' sake ! ,"l w =give s93-- 8,! ,"l is well pleas$ = 8 righte\sness' sake2 he w magnify ! law & make x hon\rable40 7,isa4 xlii4 #ba47 ,:o1 !n1 is ?is p]son8 ,! prec$+ v]ses tell u t x is ! s]vant ( ! ,"l4 ,:o1 !n1 is ! s]vant ( ! ,"l8 ,kim*i says1 on ?is v]se1 t ! s]vant ( ! ,"l is ! prophet2 b ?is _c possibly be true1 = ! prophet 0 n righte\s1 b a s9n]1 z he himself tells u 9 ! six? *apt]--8,i am a man ( unclean lips40 ,! s]vant m5tion$ 9 ! n9ete5? v]se is ! same p]son z he :o is call$ 8,my s]vant10 9 ! fir/ v]se ( ! *apt]--8,behold my s]vant1 :om ,i uphold1 m9e elect1 9 :om my s\l delighte?3 ,i h put my _s ^u him3 he %all br+ =? judgm5t to ! ,g5tiles40 ,b "h ,kim*i says1-- 8,?is is ! ,k+ ,messiah1 z we h int]pret$40 ,if !n1 9 ! fir/ v]se1 8,! s]vant ( ! ,"l0 means ! ,messiah1 x mu/ mean ! same ?r\gh ! *apt]1 & ! ,messiah is ! p]son = ^: righte\sness' sake ! ,"l is well pleas$4 ,?is same prophet tells u aga91 conc]n+ ?is s]vant1-- 8,by 8 k %all my righte\s s]vant ju/ify _m2 = he %all be> _! iniquities40 7,isa4 liii4 #aa47 ,t ! ,messiah is "h int5d$ no ,jew c d\bt1 :o uses ! ,synagogue ,pray]s2 = on ! ,day ( ,atonem5t & at ! ,passov]1 ?is *apt] is appli$ to him4#cb ,"h1 !n1 x is expressly /at$1 t ! ,messiah1 by 8 righte\sness1 %all ju/ify ! guilty4 ,&1 !re=e1 ! prophet calls ! ,messiah 8,,! ,,"l ,,our ,,righte\sness40 7,j]4 xxiii4 #f47 ,t ! ,messiah is "h int5d$ !re c be no d\bt1 = he is describ$ z 8! righte\s bran*0 ( ,david1 & ?us all ! comm5tators expla9 x4 ,9 ^! ?ree passages1 !n1 ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 s9n]s are po9t$ to ! ,messiah z _! hope & _! righte\sness4 ,he is ,god's righte\s s]vant1 & 8 suff]+s & 8 m]its are all-suffici5t to d t :i* ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob _c d4 ,! great mi/ake ( ! oral law is to po9t to wrong p]sons1 :o h no righte\sness1 & almo/ totally to pass by ,him :om ,god ha? set =? z ! hope ( s9n]s4 ,b x may "h be ask$1 if ,messiah be a man1 h[ c he h m]its m ?an ,abraham1 or any o!r ( ! *ildr5 ( ,adam8 ,! answ] is1 t ?\gh v man1 he is n a s9ful man z we are1 nei!r is he a m]e man4 ,if he 7 a man l u1 he c\ld h no m]its1 & !re=e c\ld n ju/ify u any m ?an we c\ld ju/ify him4 ,! decl>ation1 !re=e1 t he is ! ,"l's righte\s s]vant1 & t he is appo9t$ = ! ju/ification ( s9n]s1 necess>ily implies t he is m ?an a man1 & ! title giv5 him by ! ,prophet ,j]emiah puts ?is beyond d\bt4 ,j]emiah calls him by ! incommunicable "n ( ,god 1 conc]n+ :i* ,god himself says3-- 8,i am ! ,,"l3 t is my "n1 & my glory w ,i n give to ano!r40 7,isa4 xlii4 #h47 ,if !n be ! "n ( ,god1 !n t ,be+ :o is call$ by t holy "n mu/ be ,god4 ,"s ( ! mod]n rabbies reply1 t ?is holy "n is also giv5 to ! city ( ,j]usalem1 bo? by ,j]emiah & ,ezekiel4 ,b ev5 if we admit ?is1 /ill ?is is no answ] to our argum5t4 ,!re is no fe> t a city :i*1 h[ev] great or noble1 is only a mass ( /ones & mort>1 %\ld be mi/ak5 = ! liv+ ,god1 ! ,creator ( ! ,univ]se4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! "n ( ,god is attribut$ to ! city1 ,god's hon\r is n giv5 to x4 ,b :5 we are told ( ! ,messiah1 fir/ t he is righte\s1 secondly t 8 righte\sness is s great z to ju/ify ! guilty1 & la/ly t 8 "n is 1 8,,! ,,"l our ,righte\sness20 t is :5 we see t ! attributes & ! "n ( ,god are attribut$ to him1 !n we mu/ conclude ei!r t he is ,god1 or t ,god has done :at he has decl>$ t he w\ld n d1 & giv5 8 hon\r to ano!r4 ,righte\sness is ! attribute ( ,god alone1 & s ,daniel says3-- 8,o ,"l1 righte\sness belonge? unto !e1 b unto u confusion ( faces1 z at ?is day40 7,dan4 ix4 #g47 ,b1 9 ! above passages1 righte\sness is said to belong to ! ,messiah1 & t 9 su* an immeasurable degree z to be suffici5t to ju/ify ! guilty sons ( m52 if !n he h ?is attribute ( ,god1 he mu/ also h ! nature ( ,god4 ,aga91 ano!r prophet says1 t ( ,god m5 w say t !y h righte\sness 9 him3-- 8,surely %all "o say1 9 ! ,"l h ,i righte\sness & /r5g?4 7,isa4 xlv4 #bd47 ,& aga93-- 8,9 ! ,"l %all all ! se$ ( ,israel be ju/ifi$1 & %all glory40 ,"h x is said t ,god is our righte\sness1 & t 9 ,him we %all be ju/ifi$2 b 9 ! passages quot$ above1 x is said t ! ,messiah is our ,righte\sness1 & t 9 ,him we %all be ju/ifi$2 ! p]son !n int5d$ 9 ^! diff]5t passages mu/ be "o & id5tical4 ,?us ! difficulties are all remov$1 & we h "o 9 ^: righte\sness we may safely tru/1 )\t mak+ ourselves liable to ! curse d5\nc$ aga9/ ^? :o put _! tru/ 9 s9ful m54 ,?is is ! ,*ri/ian's hope4 ,_m ,jews ?9k1 & speak1 & argue too1 z if ,*ri/ians _h dep>t$ f ! liv+ ,god & put _! tru/ 9 a man2 b t ( :i* !y accuse u1 !y h done !mselves4 ,we h n dep>t$ f ! liv+ ,god4 ,our hope & tru/ & confid5ce is 9 1 ,! ,,"l our ,righte\sness4 ,y h dep>t$ f ! ,"l1 = 9 y\r pray]s y say t y\r hope & tru/ is 9 ! m]its ( s9ful m54 ,our confid5ce is bas$ ^u ! ,^w ( ,god1 & y\r hope is taught y by ! rabbies1 :o are fallible m54 ,y\r doctr9e is ! doctr9e ( m51 & y\r hope is 9 ! m]its ( m54 ,y h1 !re=e1 d\bly dep>t$ f ,god1 bo? f 8 ^w & 8 righte\sness4 ,our desire is t y w\ld return to ,him1 n to u1--to 8 ^w1 & n to ours4 ,y h no m]its m ?an we h4 ,y\r =efa!rs h no m ?an ei!r ( u1 & ! bl[+ ( a ram's horn is b a poor f\ndation on :i* to build our hope ( salvation2 & yet ^! are ! ?+s on :i* y\r rabbies h taught y to dep5d4 ,exam9e y\r pray]s1 & comp>e !m ) ! ,^w ( ,god1 & y w f9d1 t z long z ! ,jewi% nation cont9ues to (f] su* petitions1 _! cry _c be he>d2 & t if !y wi% = salvation1 !y mu/ =sake _! arm ( fle%1 & return to ,him :o 0 ! hope ( _! fa!rs4 ,x 0 n by 8 own m]its1 nor ! m]its ( 8 =efa!rs1 nor by any c]emonial obs]vance1 t ,abraham 0 ju/ifi$1 b by fai? 9 ! ,,"l1 1 z x is writt53-- 8,& he believ$ 9 ! ,,"l1 & x 0 c\nt$ to him = righte\sness40 7,g54 xv4 #f47 ,david ! ,k+ did n expect to be =giv5 & ju/ifi$ on acc\nt ( ,abraham's or 8 o!r ance/ors' m]its2 nei!r did he say1 ,bless$ is ! man :o puts 8 tru/ 9 ! righte\sness ( ! patri>*s1 b-- 1 8,bless$ is he ^: transgression is =giv51 ^: s9 is cov]$4 ,bless$ is ! man unto :om ! ,,"l impute? n iniquity1 & 9 ^: _s !re is no guile40 7,ps4 xxxii4 #a47 ,e "o1 !n1 :o desires to h ?is bless+1 mu/ r5\nce all pret5sions to m]it1 & ackn[l$ge himself a s9n] ne$+ =giv5ess2 & = ?is =giv5ess he mu/ look n to any?+ t man _h done1 or c d1 b to ! m]cy ( ,god 9 pass+ by transgression & s94 ,& !re=e ! ,prophet ,habakkuk lays x d[n z a g5]al rule-- 8,! j %all live by 8 fai?40 7,habak4 ii4 #d47 ,?is is ! ,scriptural mode ( ju/ification1 & ?is ! hope ( ,abraham1 ,david1 & ,habakkuk4 ,w ! ,jews1 !n1 ca/ 9 _! lot ) _! fa!r ,abraham1 & tru/ to t way ( ju/ification 9 :i* he walk$8 or w !y refuse to be ju/ifi$ z he 01 & /ill p]si/ 9 foll[+ ! inv5tions ( m51 :i* are n ev5 consi/5t ) !mselves8 ,if ! oral law po9t$ out "o way ( ju/ification1 & !n consi/5tly adh]$ to x1 !re w\ld at lea/ be an appe>ance ( reason 9 foll[+ its directions4 ,b x po9ts out two ways z opposite z ea/ & we/4 ,x says a man may be ju/ifi$ by 8 own m]its1 & !n x tells him he is to be ju/ifi$ by ! m]its ( ano!r4 ,bo? _c possibly be true4 ,x is ! duty1 !n1 ( e man e>ne/ly to inquire :i* is ! true way ( ,salvation1 & to decide1 :e!r he is to be sav$ by 8 own m]its1 or ! m]its ( 8 =efa!rs1 or ! m]its ( 8,,! ,,"l ,,our ,,righte\sness40 ,footnote #cj3 ,isaac4 ,footnote #ca3 8,allud+ to ,isaac's be+ b\nd2 & ?us consid]$ z if he _h be5 (f]$1 & 8 body burnt to a%es on ! alt>40 7,levi's note47 ,footnote #cb3 ,see ! ,ma*sor = ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 9 & = ! ,passov]1 9 4 ,no4 ,,xxxvi4 ,,day ,,( ,,atonem5t4 ,! law & ! prophets bo? ab\nd ) pla9 decl>ations entirely subv]sive ( ! rabb9ic doctr9e ( human m]it4 ,b x has pleas$ ,god1 besides ^! pla9 & repeat$ decl>ations1 to orda9 a public & solemn act to in/ruct ev5 ! mo/ ignorant1 & to conv9ce ! mo/ ob/9ate1 t by human m]it !re is no salvation4 ,he comm&$ t1 once e ye>1 an atonem5t %\ld be made by ! high-prie/1 = himself1 & = all ! p ( e class & degree4 8,& he %all make an atonem5t = ! holy sanctu>y1 & he %all make an atonem5t = ! tab]nacle ( ! congregation1 & = ! alt>2 & he %all make an atonem5t = ! prie/s & = all ! p ( ! congregation40 7,levit4 xvi4 #cc47 ,n[ ?is ord9ance implies1 t all ,israel1 ! high-prie/1 ! prie/s1 & ! p1 are all s9n]s1 all ne$ an atonem5t2 &1 !re=e1 utt]ly annihilates all idea ( ju/ification by m]its4 ,if ,israel c\ld h be5 ju/ifi$ ei!r by _! own m]its1 or by ! m]its ( _! =efa!rs1 ! solemn act ( annual atonem5t w\ld h be5 sup]flu\s4 ,b if ?is atonem5t be necess>y1--& if x 7 n1 :y did ,god appo9t x--!n !re is no room = ! ass]tion ( human m]its4 ,b ! tru? is1 z we h already se51 t ! rabbies felt t _! doctr9e 0 insuffici5t to quiet ! awak5$ consci5ce1 & gladly fl$ to any refuge t !y c\ld discov]2 x is no wond] !n t !y h clung ) uncommon t5acity to ! %ad[ ( t hope t 0 held out 9 ! law ( ,moses4 ,9 spite ( _! doctr9e ( m]it1 !y are glad to h ev5 ! appe>ance ( a day ( atonem5t to reconcile !m to ! ,almighty4 ,x is true !y h no high-prie/ & no sacrifice1 yet s conv9c$ are !y ( ! ne$ ( an atonem5t1 t r ?an confess t !y h absolutely none1 !y tea* t rep5tance & ! day itself w atone = all s93-- 1 1 1 8,at ?is "t1 :5 !re is no temple1 & we h no alt>1 !re is no atonem5t b rep5tance4 ,rep5tance atones = all transgressions1 yea1 ?\gh a man be wick$ all 8 days1 & rep5t at la/1 none ( 8 wick$ness is m5tion$ to him1 = x is said1 #8,z = ! wick$ness ( ! wick$1 he %all n fall !reby1 9 ! day t he turne? f 8 wick$ness4' 7,ezek4 xxxiii4 #ab47 ,! ,day ( ,atonem5t itself also atones = !m t rep5t1 = x is said1 #8,= on t day he %all make an atonem5t = y4' ,lev4 xvi4 #cj40 7,hil*o? ,t'%uvah1 c4 i4 #b47 ,?is is ! la/ refuge ( ,jewi% hope1 & we1 !re=e1 propose to consid]1 :e!r x is a refuge on :i* a reasonable man may haz>d 8 hope ( salvation8 ,no man ( s5se w\ld haz>d 8 life or 8 prop]ty ^u a /atem5t1 ( :i* "o "p contradict$ ! o!r2 & su* is ! /atem5t :i* we h j read4 ,x fir/ tells u1 t 9 ?is pres5t "t 8,!re is no atonem5t b rep5tance10 & t 8,rep5tance atones = all transgressions20 & yet1 imm$iately aft]1 x adds1 t 8,! ,day ( ,atonem5t itself atones = !m t rep5t40 ,n[ ! latt] ass]tion contradicts ! =m]4 ,if ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 z is "h ass]t$1 be necess>y to atone = ! p5it5t1 !n x is n true1 t rep5tance atones = all s9s4 ,b if rep5tance atones = all s9s1 !n :5 a man rep5ts1 8 s9s are =giv51 & !n ! ,day ( ,atonem5t is n necess>y4 ,!re is "h1 !re=e1 a palpable contradiction1 & x _c be safe to tru/ to a hope at v>iance ) itself4 ,b1 secondly1 z ! two p>ts ( :i* ?is /atem5t is compos$1 contradict ea* o!r1 s ea* ( !m is contr>y to ! law ( ,moses4 ,! fir/ ( !m is1 t 8,rep5tance atones = all transgressions20 b if s1 !n ! atonem5t prescrib$ by ,moses is useless1 9 fact1 x is no atonem5t at all4 ,moses says1 t ! two goats 7 appo9t$ by ,god = ! atonem5t1 b "h x is said1 t rep5tance is1 9 itself1 suffici5t4 ,if ?is be true1 if rep5tance c n[ atone = s9s1 )\t any sacrifice1 :y did ,moses appo9t su* an useless1 & ev5 cruel rite1 z ! tak+ away ! lives ( poor innoc5t animals8 ,if rep5tance be suffici5t n[1 x 0 suffici5t always1 & !n x foll[s1 t ,god comm&$ :at 0 useless4 ,b if ! appo9tm5t1 ! slay+ ( "o goat1 & ! s5d+ ! o!r1 lad5 ) ! s9s ( ! p1 into ! wild]ness1 0 necess>y =m]ly to procure =giv5ess ( s9s1 x mu/ be equally necess>y n[3 unless ! rabbies w take ^u !m to ass]t1 t ,god is an arbitr>y & *angeable ma/]1 :o1 to =give s9s1 at "o "t1 requires :at at ano!r "t he does n require4 ,t ! slay+ ( "o goat1 & ! s5d+ away ( ! o!r 0 once absolutely necess>y1 no man c d5y4 ,moses prescribes x s pla9ly1 t if !re be "o ?+ m pla9 ?an ano!r1 x is ?is1 t :5 ! ,jews 7 9 _! own l&1 rep5tance 0 n a suffici5t atonem5t = s9s4 ,inde$1 ,rambam himself says3-- 8,! goat t 0 s5t away aton$ = all ! transgressions m5tion$ 9 ! law1 :e!r light or grave4 ,:e!r a man transgress$ presumptu\sly or ignorantly1 consci\sly or inconsci\sly1 all 0 aton$ = by ! goat t 0 s5t away1 if a man rep5t$4 ,b if a man did n rep5t1 !n ! goat aton$ only = ! light (f5ces40 7,hil*o? ,t'%uvah1 ibid47 ,we d n agree ) ! :ole ( ?is doctr9e1 b we cite x to %[1 t =m]ly rep5tance 0 n a suffici5t atonem5t = s9s1 b t besides rep5tance1 ! goat1 z appo9t$ by ,god1 0 also necess>y4 ,& we inf]1 t z an atonem5t1 besides rep5tance1 0 once necess>y1 x is necess>y /ill1 unless ! rabbies w affirm t ,god has *ang$ 8 m9d1 & abrogat$ ! law ( ,moses4 ,if rep5tance )\t any atonem5t be n[ suffici5t to procure =giv5ess ( s9s1 !n1 beyond all d\bt1 ! law ( ,moses is abrogat$ or *ang$4 ,if ! law ( ,moses be n abrogat$ & n *ang$1 !n rep5tance alone _c atone = s9s2 &1 !re=e1 ?is ass]tion ( ! oral law is false4 ,b ! oral law endeav\rs to prove its ass]tion1 by a citation f ,ezekiel1 8,z = ! wick$ness ( ! wick$1 he %all n fall !reby 9 ! day t he turne? f 8 wick$ness40 ,& x might be fur!r urg$1 t ,ezekiel "h m5tions rep5tance only1 & omits all notice ( sacrifice & ! ,day ( ,atonem5t4 ,b ! answ] is easy4 ,ei!r ,ezekiel meant1 9 ?is decl>ation1 to repeal ! law ( ,moses1 or he did n4 ,if he meant to repeal ! law ( ,moses1 !n ! law is repeal$1 & a new way ( obta9+ =giv5ess1 n taught by ,moses1 has be5 introduc$1 & !n ! :ole ,jewi% nation is1 on _! own %[+1 palpably 9 ! wrong 9 adh]+ to t :i* is repeal$4 ,b if he did n mean to repeal ! law ( ,moses1 !n he made ?is ass]tion ) t impli$ re/riction :i* ! law ( ,moses requir$2 t is1 he impli$ ! necessity ( sacrifice3 & !n ?is passage does n prove :at ! oral law ass]ts4 ,b 9 e case1 ?is fir/ ass]tion is contr>y to ! law ( ,moses4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 evid5t1 t ! rabbies !mselves 7 dissatisfi$ ) _! own ass]tion1 = !y imm$iately add to x a second1 8,t ! ,day ( ,atonem5t itself atones = !m t rep5t1 z x is said1 #8,= on t day he %all make an atonem5t = y4'0 ,not)/&+ ! confid5ce ( _! ass]tion ab\t rep5tance1 !y did n feel easy )\t "s appe>ance ( an atonem5t1 & z !y _h no prie/ & no victim1 !y say1 t ! day itself atones1 & endeav\r to prove ?is ass]tion by a citation f ,moses4 ,b1 un=tunately1 ?is citation entirely ov]?r[s _! ass]tion4 ,moses does n say3-- 8,?is day w atone = y10 b he says3-- 8,on t day he 7! prie/7 %all atone = y40 ,moses ascribes no virtue :atev] to ! day itself1 b only to ! rites on t day to be obs]v$1 & ! p]son by :om !y 7 p]=m$4 ,moses prescribes1 fir/1 a high-prie/2 ,secondly1 a goat1 ^: blood 0 br\ght into ! ,holy ( holies2 & ?irdly1 a goat to be s5t away3 s t :]e ^! ?ree are want+1 nay1 :]e any "o ( ! ?ree is want+1 ! conditions prescrib$ by ,moses are n fulfill$1 & !re is1 !re=e1 no atonem5t4 ,)\t ^! ?ree ?+s ! day itself has no virtue1 & is no?+ diff]5t f ! commone/ day 9 ! ye>2 & n[1 !re=e1 z !y are all want+1 ,israel has no atonem5t4 ,! ass]tion ab\t ! day itself1 is a m]e inv5tion ( ! rabbies1 ! only value ( :i* is to %[ h[ deeply !y felt ! insuffici5cy ( rep5tance1 & ! necessity ( a real atonem5t1 9 ord] to procure remission ( s9s4 ,b ! rabbies always betray !mselves by add+ some?+ to make up = ! defici5cy1 ( :i* !y are s5sible4 ,we h se5 ?is 9 _! ass]tion ab\t m]its1 & s we f9d x "h 9 _! ass]tion ab\t atonem5t4 ,!y ass]t1 t 8,! ,day ( ,atonem5t itself atones = ! p5it5t10 b 9 spite ( ?is1 !y h felt ! ne$ ( some?+ m1 :i* w\ld a little bett] resemble real sacrificial atonem5t2 & h5ce has aris5 ! cu/om ( sacrific+ a cock on ! eve ( t solemn day4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ?is cu/om is giv5 9 ! 1 ( :i* we h be=e u an edition publi%$ at ,breslau1 s late z ! ye> #ahcj2 & x is select$1 p>tly on acc\nt ( its rec5t publication1 & p>tly because ! directions h[ to act are giv5 9 ,jewi%-,g]man1 :i* %[s t !y are int5d$ ev5 = ! mo/ illit]ate1 & t ! cu/om is n conf9$ to a few speculators1 b is g5]al among/ ! p3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,atonem5ts4--,on ! eve ( ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 ! cu/om is to make atonem5ts4 ,a cock is tak5 = a man1 & a h5 = a woman2 & = a pregnant woman a h5 & also a cock1 on acc\nt ( ! *ild4 ,! fa!r ( ! family fir/ makes ! atonem5t = himself1 = ! high-prie/ fir/ aton$ = himself1 !n = 8 family1 & aft]w>ds = all ,israel40 ,! ord] is z foll[s3 ,he takes ! cock 9 8 h& & says ^! v]ses3 8,! *ildr5 ( m5 t sit 9 d>kness & ! %ad[ ( dea?1 be+ b\nd 9 affliction & iron2 he br\ght !m out ( d>kness & ! %ad[ ( dea?1 & brake _! b&s 9 sund]4 ,fools1 because ( _! transgression1 & because ( _! iniquities1 are afflict$4 ,_! s\l abhorre? all mann] ( meat2 & !y draw ne> unto ! gates ( dea?4 ,!n !y cry unto ! ,"l 9 _! tr\ble2 & he save? !m out ( _! di/resses4 ,he s5de? 8 ^w1 & heale? !m1 & deliv]e? !m f _! de/ructions4 ,o1 t m5 w\ld praise ! ,"l = 8 goodness1 & = 8 wond]ful works1 to ! *ildr5 ( m58 7,psalm cvii47 ,if !re be = him an angel1 an int]cessor1 "o among a ?\s&1 to %[ unto man 8 uprightness1 !n he is graci\s unto him1 & sai?1 ,deliv] him f go+ d[n to ! pit2 ,i h f\nd a ransom40 7,job xxxiii4 #bc47 ,:il/ mov+ ! atonem5t r\nd 8 head1 he says1 8,?is is my sub/itute4 ,?is is my commutation4 ,?is cock goe? to dea?1 b may ,i be ga!r$ & ent] into a long & happy life1 & into peace40 ,he !n beg9s aga9 at ! words1 8,! *ildr5 ( m510 & s he does ?ree times4 ,!n foll[ ! v>i\s alt]ations t are to be made1 :5 ! atonem5t is made = a woman or ano!r p]son1 c41 & is add$3-- 8,z soon z "o has p]=m$ ! ord] ( ! atonem5t1 he %\ld lay 8 h&s on x1 z ! h&s us$ to be laid on ! sacrifices1 & imm$iately aft] give x to be slaught]$40 ,?is cu/om1 ext5sively preval5t among/ ! ,jews1 proves abundantly ! int]nal dissatisfaction ( ! ,jewi% m9d ) _! own doctr9es1 & ! deeply-root$ conviction ( _! he>t1 t )\t %$d+ ( blood !re is no remission ( s94 ,if !y really believ$ t rep5tance1 or ! ,day ( ,atonem5t itself1 or almsgiv+1 or m]its1 ei!r _! own or _! =efa!rs'1 aton$ = s91 !y w\ld nev] h devis$ su* a cu/om z ?is4 ,b ! _s ( ! ,mosaic law has tak5 too deep a hold on ! nation to suff] !m to re/ satisfi$ ) any?+ %ort ( actual sacrifice2 & z !y h no high-prie/ & no alt> n[1 !y make a sad & desp]ate attempt to tranquillize ! m9d ) ?is inv5tion4 ,! cu/om !n1 proves1 t ! rabb9ical doctr9e respect+ ! aton+ p[] ( rep5tance is n believ$ nor he>tily receiv$1 ev5 by ! ,rabb9i/s !mselves1 h[1 !n1 c a ,jew haz>d 8 salvation on a doctr9e :i* is contr>y to ! law ( ,moses1 & :i* its pr(essors d n consid] satisfactory8 ,w he re/ ^u ! self-devis$ sacrifice ( a cock8 ,god n[h]e promises p>don to ?is obs]vance2 & h[ c any man ( s5se be satisfi$ )\t a sure promise ( ! un*ang+ & un*angeable ,creator8 ,?is tru/ is z unsatisfactory z any ( ^? t we h already consid]$4 ,e "o ( ! rabb9ic hopes has prov$ unsafe on exam9ation4 ,p]sonal m]it1 ! m]it ( ance/ors1 ! bl[+ ( ! ram's horn1 rep5tance1 ! pres5t obs]vance ( ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 ! sacrifice ( a cock1 all are ei!r directly oppos$ to1 or unw>rant$ by1 ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,h[1 !n1 is a ,jew to obta9 p>don = 8 s9s8 ,! cu/om :i* we h j consid]$1 speaks ! s5se ( ! ,jewi% nation ^u ?is subject1 & pla9ly decl>es1 t an aton+ sacrifice is ! only real hope4 ,x expresses1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! he>tfelt conviction1 t e human be+ is guilty & ne$s an atonem5t4 ,x prescribes a victim = man1 woman1 & *ild1 yea1 ev5 = ! unborn babe1 !reby tea*+ t ! nature ( man is corrupt1 & t ! h]$it>y guilt1 ev5 :]e !re is no actual transgression1 mu/ be wa%$ away by ! blood ( atonem5t4 ,x expresses1 fur!r1 ! ,jewi% op9ion z to ! nature ( sacrifice1 t ! s9s are laid ^u ! victim1 & t ! victim is sub/itut$ = ! guilty4 ,no?+ c be pla9] ?an ! prescrib$ =mul>y1 8,?is is my sub/itute4 ,?is is my commutation4 ,?is is my atonem5t40 ,x decl>es1 fur!r1 t he :o (f]s an atonem5t = ano!r1 mu/ himself be free f guilt1 = x requires ! fa!r ( ! family fir/ to atone = himself1 & !n = ^? ( 8 h\se4 ,^! are ! record$ s5tim5ts ( ! ,jewi% nation1 express$ n only 9 words1 b embodi$ 9 a solemn religi\s obs]vance on ! eve ( _! mo/ sacr$ season4 ,by ?is act ! ,jews decl>e t an atonem5t by blood is absolutely necess>y4 ,! law ( ,moses makes ! same decl>ation1 by ! appo9tm5t ( all ! rites = ! ,day ( ,atonem5t4 ,is x1 !n1 likely t ! ,god ( ,israel w\ld leave 8 p )\t t :i* _! he>ts desire1 & 8 law decl>es to be necess>y = salvation8 ,judaism says1 ,yes4 ,x affirms1 by an act repeat$ e ye>1 t sacrifice is necess>y1 & yet confesses1 9 its solemn pray]s1 t !y h none4 ,x ass]ts1 !re=e1 t ,god has left !m )\t t :i* is indisp5sable to procure =giv5ess4 ,*ri/ianity pres5ts a m m]ciful view ( ! ,div9e "*4 ,x does1 inde$1 ackn[l$ge ! necessity ( atonem5t1 b x pres5ts a victim & a high-prie/1 ^: "o (f]+ is suffici5t = ! s9s ( ! :ole _w4 ,x says1 t ,god has left nei!r 8 own p nor ! ,g5tiles )\t ! means ( =giv5ess1 b s5t 8 righte\s s]vant1 ! ,messiah1 to be> our s9s 9 8 own body ^u ! tree4 ,! ,prie/ aft] ! ord] ( ,mel*is$ek ne$$ no atonem5t to take away 8 own s9s fir/1 = he _h none4 ,born 9 a miracul\s mann]1 by ! p[] ( ,god1 8 humanity inh]it$ no?+ ( ! guilt ( ,adam1 & z ! ,"l our ,righte\sness1 he c\ld contract no ta9t ( s94 ,he is1 !re=e1 e way qualifi$ to make an atonem5t = u all4 ,our ,*ri/ian hope1 !re=e1 is n 9 a cock1 ! sacrifice ( :i* ,god nev] comm&$1 b 9 t great atonem5t :i* ,he appo9t$4 ,our fai?1 our hope1 our tru/1 are all built ^u ,god's promise1 & _c be bett] express$ ?an 9 8 mo/ holy words3-- 8,b he 0 w\nd$ = our transgressions1 he 0 bruis$ = our iniquities3 ! *a/isem5t ( our peace 0 ^u him1 & ) 8 /ripes we are heal$40 ,x _c1 !re=e1 be said1 t we ,*ri/ians re/ our hope ^u an inv5tion ( our own4 ,our hope re/s1 n ^u ! dictates ( our prie/s or rabbies1 b ^u ! words :i* ,god himself spake by ! m\? ( 8 prophet4 ,we c1 !re=e1 confid5tly appeal to ! ,jews !mselves to decide1 :i* ( ! two hopes is ! mo/ reasonable4 ,bo? agree+ t an atonem5t1 by ! %$d+ ( blood1 is necess>y = ! remission ( s9s1 ,rabb9ism tells its disciples to tru/ to a species ( sacrifice n[h]e m5tion$ 9 ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,*ri/ianity tells u to tru/ 9 ! sacrifice ( t great ,r$eem]1 = ^: salvation ,jacob wait$1 ^: atonem5t ! ,mosaic rites prefigur$1 & ! ,jewi% prophets pr$ict$4 ,_! hope re/s ^u ! unw>rant$ words ( m52 ours is built ^u ! ,^w ( ! liv+ ,god1 & is involunt>ily confirm$ by ! rabbies !mselves 9 ! v cu/om :i* we h j consid]$4 ,ev5 ! nature ( ! victim is po9t$ out 9 ! selection ( ! animal4 7gev]7 signifies bo? 8a man0 & 8a cock10 & !reby signifies1 t a righte\s man mu/ be ! s9ful man's sub/itute3 & s "s ( ! rabbies say1 t ?is animal1 8a cock10 0 select$1-- 8,because1 z its "n signifies #8a man1' !re is a sub/itution ( a man = man40 7,ora* ,*aiim1 #fje47 ,! pr9ciples exactly agree1 b ,*ri/ianity is direct$ 9 _! application by ! ,^w ( ,god1 to ,him :o is1 inde$1 v man1 b also ,,! ,,"l ,,our ,,righte\sness1 4 4 ,no4 ,,xxxvii4 ,,fea/ ,,( ,,tab]nacles4 ,! progress ( ! ye> br+s ) x aga9 t season1 9 :i* ,god comm&$ 8 p to obs]ve ,,! ,,fea/ ,,( ,,tab]nacles2 & ! con/ancy ) :i* ,israelites 9 e "p ( ! _w /ill obs]ve ! rites & cu/oms h&$ d[n by _! =efa!rs1 necess>ily comm&s respect & admiration4 ,:5 we rememb] ! _m c5turies dur+ :i* _! disp]sion has cont9u$1 ! univ]sal oppression :i* !y h be5 compell$ to suff]1 & ! unm]it$ contempt ) :i* !y h _h to cont5d1 we _c b hon\r ! /r5g? ( moral c\rage :i* !y h display$1 9 ?us obs]v+ & h&+ d[n to _! *ildr5 a religion1 :i* has be5 ! cause ( _! mis=tunes4 ,b ?is v con/ancy1 & ! respect :i* x begets1 naturally leads u to inquire :e!r ! religi\s sy/em itself be true1 &1 !re=e1 wor?y ( t fidelity ) :i* x has be5 pres]v$2 &1 above all1 :e!r ?is con/ancy is su* z at ! la/ great day to meet ! approbation ( ,him :o judge? n z man judge?4 ,! pr(essors ( ?is sy/em ?9k1 ( c\rse1 t x is1 & t by obs]v+ ^! rites & c]emonies1 !y are keep+ ! comm&s ( ,god1 & !reby ensur+ 8 fav\r2 & ) reg>d to ! obs]vance ( ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles 9 p>ticul>1 !y are taught to believe t !y alone are s important1 z at ! day ( judgm5t1 to prove ,israel's ob$i5ce1 & ! disob$i5ce ( ! o!r nations4 ,we w fir/ /ate ! doctr9es ( mod]n ,judaism on ?is subject1 & !n exam9e :e!r !y be well f\nd$4 ,9 ! ,synagogue ,pray]s = ?is fea/ we f9d x /at$1 t ! con/ruction ( a tab]nacle accord+ to rabb9ic prescription1 is a "w ( m]it3-- 1 1 8,x mu/ be f\r cubits long1 & f\r cubits broad3 b if x be less1 x is pr(ane2 t x may r5d] ! p ( ,israel m]itori\s4 7,p4 #aaf47 ,& a little l[] d[n1 aft] describ+ ! fea/ 9 ,p>adise on ! salt$ ,levia?an & ,behemo?1 x adds1 t ?is "o precept w =m ! la/ trial v\*saf$ to ! ,g5tiles1 & t _! unwill+ness to keep x w prove ! cause ( _! f9al condemnation3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,all nations w come to be judg$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,him :o sitte? ^u ! ?rone ( judgm5t2 9 righte\sness w he judge u4 ,! nations w !n say1 ,give u ! ord] ( ?y precepts1 & we w p]=m !m1 t we may be equal ) ^? 9 happ9ess1 ,o ,?\1 :o art great 9 p[]1 dwell+ on high4 ,! ,mo/ ,high1 :o judge? all 9 tru?1 w cause !m to he>1 & und]/& 8 words1 say+1 ,i h "o small precept2 its "n1 tab]nacle1 & its ord9ations3 f\r sides1 & a %ade ov] x3 fail ye n to obs]ve x4 ,!y !n w make ! %ad[y boo?s to abide "u1 b ! sun w %9e s hot z ne>ly to burn !m1 :5 !y w spurn at x ) _! feet4 ,! ,holy ,"o w !n p\r out 8 wra? ^u !m1 & ca/ !m into geh9nom hell )\t m]cy1 into ! l[e/ "p ) confusion40 7,ibid47 ,?is extraord9>y acc\nt ( ! day ( judgm5t1 & ! condemnation ( ! ,g5tiles1 has be5 adopt$ f ! ,talmud1 :]e x is giv5 at great l5g?1 & all ! p>ticul>s fully detail$4 ,to give ! :ole w\ld occupy too mu* ( our space2 b z p>ts ( x are necess>y to ! full consid]ation ( ?is subject1 we give ! foll[+ extracts3-- 1 8,9 ! "t to come1 ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 w br+ a roll ( ! law 9 8 bosom1 & say1 ,let e "o1 :o has occupi$ himself h]e91 come & receive 8 rew>d4 ,imm$iately ! nations ( ! _w w ga!r !mselves toge!r1 & come 9 promiscu\s cr[ds1 z x is said1 #8,let all ! nations be ga!r$ toge!r4' 7,isaiah xliii4 #i47 ,! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 w !n say1 ,come n be=e me promiscu\sly1 b let ea* nation come by itself along ) its le>n$ m540 ,!n foll[s an acc\nt ( ! appe>ance ( ea* nation1 & ( ! va9 attempts :i* !y make to ju/ify _! conduct4 ,aft] :i* ! n>rative ?us proce$s3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,! ,g5tiles w !n say be=e him1 ,o ,"l ( ! _w1 ! ,israelites receiv$ ! law1 b h[ did !y keep x8 ,! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 w reply1 ,i be> !m witness t !y h kept ! law4 ,! ,g5tiles w say1 ,o ,"l ( ! _w1 is x fair t a ,fa!r %\ld be a witness = 8 *ildr58 ,= x is writt51 #8,israel is my son1 ev5 my fir/-born4' 7,exod4 iv4 #bb47 ,! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 w !n say to !m1 ,let ! heav5 & ! e>? be> witness to !m1 t !y h kept ! :ole law4 ,! ,g5tiles w answ]1 ,o ,"l ( ! _w1 ! heav5s & ! e>? are int]e/$ witnesses1 = x is said1 #8,if my cov5ant be n ) day & night1 & if ,i h n appo9t$ ! ord9ances ( heav5 & ! e>?4' 7,j]4 xxxiii4 #be47 ,r4 ,simon ,b5 ,laki% says1 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! words #8,& x 0 ev5+ & x 0 morn+1 ! six? day8' ,!y %[ u t ! ,holy & ,bless$ ,"o1 made a condition ) ! creation1 & said1 ,if ,israel w receive my law1 all is well2 b if n1 !n ,i w turn y back into *aos4 ,hezekiah also tea*es ?is same tru?1 say+1 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! words1 #8,?\ did/ cause judgm5t to be he>d f heav52 ! e>? fe>$1 & 0 /ill8' 7,ps4 lxxvi4 #i1 ,eng4 #h47 ,if x fe>$1 h[ c\ld x be /ill2 & if x 0 /ill1 h[ c\ld x fe>8 ,! answ] is1 at fir/ x fe>$ t ,israel w\ld n receive ! law1 & x %\ld be turn$ into *aos2 b aft]w>ds x 0 /ill4 ,god w !n say to ! ,g5tiles1 ,!n let "s ( y\rselves come1 & be> witness to ,israel t !y h kept ! :ole law4 ,nimrod %all !n come =? & te/ify ( ,abraham t he did n commit idolatry4 ,laban %all come =? & te/ify ( ,jacob t he 0 n suspect$ ( di%one/y4 ,potiph>'s wife %all come =? & te/ify ( ,joseph t he 0 n suspect$ ( ! transgression4 ,nebu*adnezz> %all come =? & te/ify ( ,hannaniah1 ,mi%ael1 & ,az>iah1 t !y w\ld n wor%ip ! image4 ,d>ius %all come & te/ify ( ,daniel t he did n neglect pray]4 ,bildad ! ,%uhite1 & ,zoph> ! ,naama?ite1 & ,eliphaz ! ,temanite1 & ,elihu ! son ( ,b]a*eel1 %all come =? & te/ify ( ,israel t !y h kept ! :ole law1 z x is said1 #8,let !m be+ =? _! witnesses1 t !y may be ju/ifi$4' 7,isaiah xliii4 #i47 ,! ,g5tiles w !n say1 ,o ,"l ( ! _w1 give u ! law f ! beg9n+1 & we w d x4 ,to ?is ! ,holy ,"o w reply1 ,o fools1 he t works on ! eve ( ! ,sabba? %all eat on ! ,sabba?4 ,he t w n "w on ! ,sabba? eve1 f :5ce %\ld he eat on ! ,sabba?8 ,nev]!less1 ,i h "o easy comm&m5t1 ,tab]nacle is its "n1 g1 !re=e1 & d x4 ,b h[ is x possible1 to affirm t ,god w d ?is1 :5 ,r4 ,jo%ua1 ! son ( ,levi1 says1 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! words1 #8,:i* ,i comm& !e ?is day8' ,& says1 ! mean+ is1 !y are to be obs]v$ to-day i4e41 9 ?is _w1 & n tomorr[ i4e41 9 ! _w to come4#cc ,to-day !y are to be obs]v$2 b ! rew>d is n to be receiv$ to-day4 ,! answ] is1 t ,god does n deal ) 8 creatures 9 a tyrannical mann]4 ,b :y is ?is call$ an easy comm&m5t8 ,because x is n att5d$ ) any pecuni>y loss4 ,imm$iately e "o ( ! ,g5tiles w ha/5 away1 & make a tab]nacle on ! ro( ( 8 h\se4 ,b ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 w cause ! sun to pi]ce !m ) an extraord9>y heat at t season1 & !n e "o ( !m w kick d[n 8 tab]nacle & g =?10 c4 7,avodah ,z>ah1 fol4 #b1 #c47 ,su* is ! doctr9e ( ! ,talmud1 adopt$1 & !re=e seal$ ) ! mo/ solemn sanction1 by ! public wor%ip ( ! synagogue4 ,9 ! fir/ place x is p]fectly false2 x has n ev5 ! m]it ( plausibility4 ,x is only a/oni%+ h[ an imag9ation s absurd %\ld ev] h f\nd its way into ! pray]s ( ,israel2 & /rang] /ill t ! ,jews ( ,engl& %\ld suff] su* a f\l blot /ill to rema9 on _! public s]vices4 ,x c]ta9ly repres5ts ,judaism 9 ! mo/ unfav\rable po9t ( view1 z a religion ( ! grosse/ & mo/ inconsi/5t sup]/ition2 & proves1 beyond all controv]sy1 fir/1 t ! synagogue receives1 z ( div9e au?ority1 ev5 ! fables ( ! ,talmud2 &1 secondly1 t ! au?ors ( ! oral law1 :o c\ld ei!r inv5t or believe s absurd a /atem5t1 _c be dep5d$ ^u z fai?ful transmitt]s ( ! religion ( ! prophets4 ,fur!r1 x totally misrepres5ts ! "* ( ,god4 ,x describes ,him1 fir/1 z be>+ witness to ! ob$i5ce ( ,israel1 :il/ 9 ,8 ,^w he be>s con/ant te/imony to _! disob$i5ce4 ,"h he is repres5t$ also z call+ ^u heav5 & e>? to atte/ _! innoc5ce & righte\sness1 :il/ 9 ,8 ,^w he calls ^u !m to be ! witnesses ( _! rebellion4 8,he>1 ,o heav5s2 & give e>1 ,o e>?2 = ! ,"l ha? spok53 ,i h n\ri%$ & br\ght up *ildr51 & !y h rebell$ aga9/ me40 7,isaiah i4 #b47 ,& aga91 8,be a/oni%$1 ,o ye heav5s1 at ?is1 & be horribly afraid1 be ye v desolate1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,= my p h committ$ two evils2 !y h =sak5 me1 ! f\nta9 ( liv+ wat]s1 & hew$ !m out ci/]ns1 brok5 ci/]ns1 t c hold no wat]40 7,j]4 ii4 #ab47 ,^! passages ( ! ^w ( ,god are directly oppos$ to ! above /atem5t ( ! oral law4 ,b f>!r1 x misrepres5ts ! ,div9e ,be+ z an unm]ciful & unju/ judge1 :o pret5ds to give ! guilty ,g5tiles ano!r & easy trial by giv+ !m ! comm&m5t respect+ ! tab]nacles1 & !n employs 8 omnipot5ce s to plague !m ) ! heat ( ! sun1 z to r5d] x impossible = !m to yield ob$i5ce4 ,su* a repres5tation is altoge!r unwor?y ( ! ,judge ( all ! e>?1 :o w deal ju/ly by ! ,g5tiles z well z ! ,jews4 ,b besides misrepres5t+ ! div9e "*1 x misleads ! unle>n$ & sup]/iti\s to believe t1 at ! day ( judgm5t1 ,god w n r5d] to e man accord+ to 8 de$s1 b w pass by _! s9s & _! imp5it5ce1 if only !y be ,israelites4 ,x !re=e begets a false confid5ce1 & is em95tly calculat$ to lull m5 asleep 9 _! s9s4 ,! man :o believes ?is fable ( ! ,g5tiles be>+ witness to ! righte\sness ( ,abraham1 ,joseph1 ,daniel1 c41 & ?9ks t ?is is suffici5t = 8 acquittal at ! b> ( judgm5t1 c h no motive = p]sonal rep5tance or righte\sness4 ,nei!r does ?is fable t5d to produce good w & respect t[>ds 8 ,g5tile fell[-s9n]s4 ,few m5 w elevate !mselves above _! notions ( ! ,deity4 ,:51 !n1 ! ,rabb9i/s see t1 accord+ to ! oral law1 ,god treats ! ,g5tiles ) inju/ice & cruelty1 is x natural to suppose t he w treat !m diff]5tly8 ,?is & simil> passages well m]it ! s]i\s consid]ation ( all influ5tial ,israelites4 ,x is imp]ative ^u all su* to det]m9e1 :e!r su* passages ( _! pray]s & _! law are ( div9e au?ority or n2 & if !y are conv9c$ ( _! falsehood1 to use _! unceas+ ex]tions to expunge !m f _! religi\s sy/em4 ,z long z !y exi/1 & are publicly read 9 ! synagogue1 m5 c only come to "o conclusion1 & t is1 t ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,rabb9ical religion are sup]/ition & un*>itabl5ess4 ,no?+ b a public prote/ aga9/ ! error1 & an erasure f ! pray]-book1 w satisfy ! m9d1 or wipe away ! reproa* f ,israel4 ,! private pr(essions ( individuals c be ( no avail 9 ?is matt]4 ,m5 w g to ! au?oriz$ books1 especially to ! pray]-book ( e class ( religioni/1 9 ord] to judge ( 8 pr9ciples2 & no "o w believe t any man c be s c>eless or s presumptu\s z to address ! ,div9e ,be+ 9 ! language ( ackn[l$g$ falsehood4 ,b above all1 let e ,jew comp>e ?is acc\nt ( ! day ( judgm5t ) t conta9$ 9 our ,*ri/ian books4 ,judaism tea*es t at t great day ,god w appe> z a p>tial & cruel judge4 ,*ri/ianity gives u ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! same p]iod3--8,:5 ! ,son ( man %all come 9 8 glory & all ! holy angels ) him1 !n %all he sit ^u ! ?rone ( 8 glory2 & be=e him %all be ga!r$ all nations & he %all sep>ate !m "o f ano!r1 z a %eph]d divide? 8 %eep f ! goats3 & he %all set ! %eep on 8 "r h&1 b ! goats on ! left4 ,!n %all ! ,k+ say unto !m on 8 "r h&1 ,come1 ye bless$ ( my fa!r1 inh]it ! k+dom prep>$ = y f ! f\ndation ( ! _w3 = ,i 0 an hungr$1 & ye gave me meat3 ,i 0 ?ir/y1 & ye gave me dr9k3 ,i 0 a /rang]1 & ye took me 93 nak$1 & ye clo!d me3 ,i 0 sick1 & ye visit$ me3 ,i 0 9 prison1 & ye came unto me4 ,!n %all ! righte\s answ] & say1 ,"l1 :5 saw we !e an hungr$1 & f$ !e8 or ?ir/y1 & gave !e dr9k8 :5 saw we !e a /rang]1 & took !e 98 or nak$1 & clo!d !e8 or :5 saw we !e sick1 & 9 prison1 & came unto !e8 ,& ! ,k+ %all answ] & say unto !m1 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,inasmu* z ye h done x unto "o ( ! lea/ ( ^! my bre?r51 ye h done x unto me4 ,!n %all he say also unto !m on ! left h&1 ,dep>t f me1 ye curs$1 into ev]la/+ fire1 prep>$ = ! devil & 8 angels3 = ,i 0 an hungr$1 & ye gave me no meat3 ,i 0 ?ir/y1 & ye gave me no dr9k3 ,i 0 a /rang]1 & ye took me n 93 nak$1 & ye clo!d me n3 sick1 & 9 prison1 & ye visit$ me n4 ,!n %all !y also answ] him1 say+1 ,"l1 :5 saw we !e an hungr$1 or a?ir/1 or a /rang]1 or nak$1 or sick1 or 9 prison1 & did n m9i/] unto !e8 ,!n %all he answ] !m1 sav+1 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,inasmu* z ye did x n to "o ( ! lea/ ( ^!1 ye did x n to me4 ,& ^! %all g away into ev]la/+ puni%m5t3 b ! righte\s into life et]nal40 7,matt4 xxv4 #ca-df47 ,su* is ! view :i* ,*ri/ianity sets be=e u ( ! day ( judgm5t1 & ! pr9ciples accord+ to :i* t judgm5t %all be conduct$4 ,y w obs]ve t ! :ole acc\nt is ess5tially diff]5t f t giv5 by ! ,talmud4 ,9 ! fir/ place x repres5ts ,god z a j ,judge1 altoge!r ov]look+ nationality2 tak+ no notice ( ! tempor>y di/9ctions ( ,jew & ,g5tile3 b fix+ 8 eyes on ! et]nal features ( moral "*1 & accord+ to ^! fix+ ! et]nal de/9ies ( ea* individual4 ,9 ! second place x t5ds to promote good w & *>ity betwe5 man & man1 = x repres5ts *>ity or ! want ( *>ity z ! ma9 po9ts ( inquiry1 & ! di/9ctions accord+ to :i* ! et]nal portion ( ea* is assign$4 ,we ask1 !n1 e imp>tial & c&id ,jew to tell u1 :i* ( ^! two acc\nts are mo/ wor?y ( ! great ,god :om we wor%ip8 ,we ,*ri/ians believe t ! synagogue-wor%ipp]s are 9 error1 & !y aga9 ?9k u 9 error2 b we h n[ be=e u ! doctr9es ( ! two sy/ems on ! mo/ important po9t 9 all !ology--! pr9ciple ( f9al judgm5t2 by _! respective /atem5ts1 !n1 on ?is subject let ea* sy/em be judg$4 ,judaism says1 t "o class ( m5 is to be sav$ by ! p>tiality ( ! ,judge1 & ! o!r class condemn$ simply because !y are ,g5tiles4 ,*ri/ianity says1 t all m5 %all be tri$ imp>tially by "o rule1 & t nei!r prepossession nor prejudice1 b ju/ice alone1 %all influ5ce ! decision4 ,:i*1 !n1 ,judaism or ,*ri/ianity1 is mo/ agreeable to ! "* ( ,him ( :om ! ,psalmi/ says1 8,he come? to judge ! e>?3 ) righte\sness %all he judge ! _w1 & ! nations ) equity80 ,we are sure t ! good s5se ( ! ,jewi% nation mu/ decide1 t ! imp>tial ju/ice ( ! ,new ,te/am5t-repres5tation is mo/ 9 accordance ) ! _s ( ! law & ! prophets4 ,nay1 we believe t e dev\t & ?9k+ ,israelite w feel t ! ,talmudic picture ( ,god's judgm5t misrepres5ts ! ,god ( ,israel z mu* z any grav5 image ev] deifi$ by hea!n idolat]s4 ,to suppose t ,god w\ld make a mock ov]ture ( m]cy1 or (f] a mock trial to any ( 8 creatures1 is to /rip him ( ! attributes ( ,deity1 & to exhibit a bl9d & s5seless bigot z ! object ( ,israel's wor%ip4 ,a /atem5t s abhorr5t ev5 f human reason1 & s inconsi/5t ) ! ,^w ( ,god1 proves t its au?ors 7 n mov$ by ! ,_s1 & t ! religion ( :i* x =ms a "p _c be div9e4 ,b "h1 z 9 _m cases :i* we h already po9t$ out1 ! ,new ,te/am5t avoids ! error ( ! ,talmud1 & tea*es ! doctr9e con=mable to ! law1 & 9 accordance ) "r reason4 ,let ! advocates ( ! oral law expla9 ! fact4 ,b ?is ,talmudic repres5tation ( ! day ( judgm5t is n only oppos$ to reason & ,scripture1 b also seems to contradict o!r /atem5ts ( ! oral law4 ,"h ! ,g5tiles appe> to be m>k$ out = de/ruction2 :]eas1 we are told else:]e1 t ! pi\s ( ! nations ( ! _w are to h a "p 9 ! _w to come3 & t ob$i5ce to ! sev5 comm&m5ts ( ! sons ( ,noah1 is all t is requir$ f a ,g5tile4 ,if ?is be true1 :at ne$ is !re ( giv+ !m ! comm& to keep ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles8 ,b1 above all1 if !y are to be ca/ d[n into ! l[e/ hell1 z ! ,pray]-book says1 h[ c !y h a "p ( ! bless+s ( ! _w to come8 ,x is at ! v lea/1 ! duty ( ^? :o advocate ! oral law1 to expla9 ?is matt] to u ,g5tiles4 ,we _c p]suade ourselves t a religion1 :i* makes s little provision = ! et]nal welf>e ( ! great bulk ( ! human race1 c possibly proce$ f ,him :o is ! ,god ( ! spirits ( all fle%1 ! ,creator & ,pres]v] ( all mank9d4 ,liv+ daily by 8 b\nty1 & receiv+ all we h at 8 mo/ graci\s h&s we believe t if he makes su* provision = our bodies1 ,he has made /ill m = our immortal spirits2 & !re=e1 among/ o!r reasons1 we believe 9 ,*ri/ianity2 = if x be n true1 !re is no spiritual provision = ! ,g5tiles1 & ,god has left ! majority ( 8 rational creatures )\t any pro( ( 8 pat]nal affection4 ,footnote #cc3 1 ,no4 ,,xxxviii4 ,,pray]s ,,= ,,! ,,dead4 ,to ! fool1 :o ha? said 9 8 he>t1 ,!re is no ,god1 x is a matt] ( little consequ5ce1 :e!r ! religion ( 8 =efa!rs af=d a reasonable gr\nd ( hope or n4 ,he may !re=e consi/5tly neglect all inquiry into ! nature & evid5ces ( t religion 9 :i* he happ5$ to be born4 ,he does n believe 9 x1 :atev] x may be1 & su* an inquiry c\ld h no int]e/ = him4 ,n s ) ! ,jew or ! ,*ri/ian1 :o hone/ly believes1 z he has be5 taught1 t !re is1 9 ano!r _w1 an abode ( bliss1 & ano!r ( woe4 ,8 e>ne/ desire mu/ be to "k h[ he may atta9 to ! "o & escape ! o!r2 & if 8 religion does n af=d him a hope1 a reasonable1 well-gr\nd$ hope ( salvation1 x is n wor? ! hav+4 ,we say a reasonable hope1 = z x has pleas$ ,god to end[ u ) reason & und]/&+1 & to give u 8 ,^w to guide our reason1 no o!r hope c or ought to satisfy u4 ,9 exam9+1 !n1 ! mod]n ,jewi% religion1 "o great te/ ( its value is1 :e!r x af=ds a hope on :i* a reasonable man c rely1 & ^u :i* he c haz>d 8 et]nal welf>e4 ,we ?9k n1 & we h already giv5 "s reasons = ?is op9ion4 ,! inconsi/5cy & contradictory nature ( ! rabb9ic doctr9es respect+ ju/ification & atonem5t appe> to u s gl>+ z to de/roy all confid5ce 9 ! hope :i* !y propose3 & ! cu/om1 :i* prevails at ?is & o!r fe/ivals1 ( pray+ = ! dead1 proves1 beyond a d\bt1 t ! rabb9ic hope is a m]e delusion4 ,among/ ! pray]s ( ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 we f9d ! foll[+ decl>ation & pray]3-- 1 8,x is cu/om>y among ! disp]sions ( ,israel1 to make m5tion ( ! s\ls ( _! dep>t$ p>5ts1 c41 on ! day ( atonem5t1 & ! ultimate days ( ! ?ree fe/ivals2 & to (f] pray]s = ! repose ( _! s\ls4 8,may ,god rememb] ! s\l ( my hon\r$ fa!r1 ,a4 ,b4 :o is gone to 8 repose2 = t ,i n[ solemnly v[ *>ity = 8 sake2 9 rew>d ( ?is1 may 8 s\l be b\nd up 9 ! bundle ( life1 ) ! s\ls ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob2 ,s>ah1 ,rebekah1 ,ra*el1 & ,leah1 ) ! re/ ( ! righte\s males & females t are 9 ,p>adise2 & let u say1 ,am540 8,may ,god rememb] ! s\l ( my hon\r$ "m10 c4 7,pray] = ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 p4 #aef47 ,n[ ?is cu/om & ?is pray] %[ t ! ,jews !mselves d n believe 9 _! own doctr9es1 nor put any tru/ 9 ! hopes held out by ! oral law2 = if !y did1 !y w\ld nev] obs]ve ?is cu/om nor (f] ?is pray]4 ,if !y believ$ t _! dep>t$ p>5ts 7 already safe--t _! m]its1 or ! m]its ( _! ance/ors1 or ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 c41 _h procur$ = !m p>don & et]nal life1 :y %\ld !y (f] alms1 & pray t ,god w\ld accept ! alms z a ransom = ! deceas$8 ,! fact ( mak+ su* a v[ & (f]+ su* a pray] proves1 t ! ,rabb9ical ,jew has no gr\nd = believ+ 9 ! salvation ( ev5 8 own fa!r & "m2 t on ! contr>y 8 belief is1 t !y h n be5 b\nd up 9 ! bundle ( life1 & t !y are n 9 p>adise ) ,abraham & ! o!r sa9ts2 b t !y are 9 "s o!r place1 :5ce he hopes1 by 8 pray] & 8 almsgiv+1 to ransom !m4 ,"h1 !n1 we see t ! rabb9ical hope is a m]e delusion4 ,aft] all 8 fa/+ & c]emonial obs]vances1 he has no hope aft] dea? ( go+ to ! mansions ( ! bless$4 ,8 sad prospect is1 t :5 he goes h5ce1 he mu/ g to ! place ( puni%m5t1 & !re abide until ! pray]s & almsgiv+ ( 8 *ildr5 pur*ase 8 lib]ation4 ,accord+1 !n1 to ?is doctr9e1 e ,jew & ,jewess dies )\t p>don1 = if !y 7 p>don$1 !y w\ld n g to ! place ( puni%m5t1 & if !y did n g to ! place ( puni%m5t1 !re w\ld be no necessity to (f] alms 9 ord] to deliv] _! s\ls4 ,s !n1 aft] all ! pret5sions & promises ( ! rabbies1 !y "h fairly confess t all ! hopes :i* !y h held out are a m]e lie & a delusion2 t none ( _! obs]vances c deliv] ! s\l1 & t ev5 aft] ! dread h\r ( dea?1 ! survivors h /ill to und]take ! "w ( sav+ ! deceas$4 ,?is inf]5ce foll[s inevitably f ! cu/om & ! pray] :i* we h j consid]$2 b x does n re/ solely on ^!4 ,! oral law furni%es o!r adequate pro(1 t ! ,jewi% survivors ( a dep>t$ p>5t d n believe t he is safe1 & t !re=e a dy+ ,jew c h no hope ( 8 own salvation2 = x requires ! surviv+ son to repeat a c]ta9 pray] = 8 dep>t$ p>5t1 & t = _m mon?s1 9 ord] to procure 8 release1 z we read 9 ! ,joreh ,deah3-- 1 1 8,!re=e ! cu/om is = twelve mon?s to repeat ! pray] call$ ,kaddi%1 & also to read ! lesson 9 ! prophets1 & to pray ! ev5+-pray] at ! go+ out ( ! ,sabba?1 = t is ! h\r :5 ! s\ls return to hell2 b :5 ! son prays & sanctifies 9 public1 he r$eems 8 fa!r & 8 "m f hell40 7#cgf47 ,n[ e *ild :o obs]ves ?is cu/om1 makes a public confession1 t 8 deceas$ p>5t is n enjoy+ ! bliss ( p>adise1 b suff]+ ! torm5ts ( hell4 ,?is is b a poor hope = a *ild respect+ 8 p>5t1 ! v utmo/ limit ( :i* is1 t he is n "o ( ! notori\sly wick$1 & t he may p]haps1 by 8 pray]s1 get him out ( ! place ( torm5t4 ,b if he believes 9 ! oral law1 he mu/ be conv9c$ t 8 fa!r or "m1 ) all _! ex]tions1 & not)/&+ ! m]its ( _! =efa!rs1 & ! b5efits ( ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 di$ 9 s91 sunk into p]dition1 & t he mu/ n[ und]take ! "w ( _! salvation4 ,! dy+ ,jew1 !re=e1 has no hope :5 he dies ( be+ admitt$ to a /ate ( happ9ess2 he _c die ) ! peace ( "o :o kn[s t 8 s9s are =giv51 b mu/ look =w>d ) horror to at lea/ elev5 dre>y mon?s ( puni%m5t 9 ! abodes ( ! damn$4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,talmud is1 t ^? :o die 9 communion ) ! synagogue1 or :o h nev] be5 ,jews1 are puni%$ = twelve mon?s1 b t ,jewi% h]etics & apo/ates are doom$ to et]nal puni%m5t4 8,israelites :o s9 ) _! body1 & also ,g5tiles1 desc5d into hell1 & are judg$ !re = twelve mon?s4 ,aft] ! twelve mon?s _! body is consum$ & _! s\l is burnt1 & ! w9d scatt]s !m "u ! soles ( ! feet ( ! righte\s1 z x is said1 #8,ye %all tread d[n ! wick$1 = !y %all be a%es "u ! soles ( y\r feet4' 7,mal4 iv4 #c47 ,b h]etics1 & in=m]s1 & ,epicureans1 :o h d5i$ ! law or ! resurrection ( ! dead1 or :o h sep>at$ f ! cu/oms ( ! congregation1 or :o h caus$ _! fe> 9 ! l& ( ! liv+1 :o h s9n$1 or caus$ _m to s91 z ,j]oboam1 ! son ( ,nebat1 all su* g d[n to hell & are judg$ = ev]40 7,ro% ,ha%anah1 fol4 #ag4 #a47 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! dy+ ,israelite ought to expect twelve mon?s ( torm5t1 & 8 surviv+ son ought to repeat ! prescrib$ pray] = twelve mon?s2 b ! rabbies h comm&$ t ! pray] %\ld be repeat$ only = elev5 mon?s1 to intimate t ! deceas$ 0 n s wick$ z to be oblig$ to rema9 all ! "t ( torm5t3-- 8,! cu/om is1 n to say ,kaddi% m ?an elev5 mon?s1 s z n to ca/ a reproa* on ! "* ( ! deceas$ fa!r & "m z if !y 7 wick$1 = twelve mon?s are ! t]m appo9t$ = ! wick$40 7,joreh ,deah1 #cgf47 ,f ?is x is cle> t a dy+ ,jew's expectation mu/ be to endure ! torm5ts ( hell = at lea/ elev5 mon?s2 & :5 he is dead1 8 son confesses1 9 ! mo/ public mann]1 & ! appo9t$ pray]s ( ! synagogue confess1 ( e dep>t$ ,jew1 t he di$ 9 s91 & 0 n wor?y to ent] into ! bliss ( p>adise2 & express1 moreov]1 _! conviction t 8 portion is actually ) ! damn$4 ,?us x is evid5t t ,judaism holds out no hope ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 & t all its prescrib$ obs]vances are ( no avail 9 ! h\r ( ne$4 ,a ,jew's sad contemplation on 8 dea? is1 !n1 t he is go+ d[n to hell1 & 8 hope ( lib]ation is bas$ ^u ! pray]s ( 8 son1 or ^u ! fact ( 8 be+ an ,israelite4 ,b is ?is a reasonable gr\nd ( hope8 ,no hope ( salvation c be reasonable :i* is n built ^u a pla9 promise ( ,god4 ,our reason c tell u no?+ ab\t ei!r heav5 or hell2 & !re=e no speculations ( our own c satisfy u respect+ ei!r "o or ! o!r4 ,! only satisfactory te/imony c come f ,god's reveal$ w2 b 9 ! :ole volume ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 !re is n "o promise decl>+ t an ,israelite %all be deliv]$ f hell aft] twelve mon?s' puni%m5t1 or t ! son's public pray]s 9 ! synagogue %all deliv] ! fa!r4 ,?is is all ! m]e inv5tion ( ! rabbies1 )\t ! lea/ w>rant f ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n a hope on :i* any reasonable man c re/ 9 peace4 ,! sum ( ! :ole matt] is1 t e ,jew expects to g to hell1 & t he has no promise ( ,god to assure him t he %all be r$eem$ !nce4 ,judaism is n1 !re=e1 a religion :i* af=ds a rational hope ( salvation4 ,9 ass]t+ t e ,israelite mu/ g d[n to hell1 x tea*es t s9 is n =giv5 by ,god1 b mu/ be aton$ = by ! p]sonal suff]+ ( ! (f5d]2 & t happ9ess _c be enjoy$ until p]sonal satisfaction has be5 yield$ by twelve mon?s' torm5ts4 ,n[ if ?is pr9ciple 7 true1 !re c\ld be no salvation at all4 ,s91 z be+ an (f5ce aga9/ an inf9ite ,be+1 is inf9ite 9 magnitude1 & !re=e1 requires inf9ite puni%m5t4 ,! ju/ice ( ,god is also inf9ite1 & requires an inf9ite satisfaction2 s t if ?is satisfaction is to be r5d]$ by ! p]sonal suff]+ ( ! (f5d]1 t suff]+ mu/ be inf9ite1 t is1 x mu/ endure = ev] & ev]1 & ?us salvation is altoge!r out ( ! "q4 ,! ,jewi% hope is1 !re=e1 unw>rant$ by ,scripture1 & contr>y to reason1 &1 we may add1 inconsi/5t ) itself4 ,9 ! cu/om & doctr9e :i* we h j consid]$1 a dy+ ,jew is taught to hope t he %all be deliv]$ f t place ( torm5t1 :i!r he is go+1 ei!r on acc\nt ( 8 son's pray]s1 or on acc\nt ( 8 ,jewi% orig94 ,b on 8 dea?-b$ he is taught to believe t 8 dea? w be an atonem5t = 8 s9s1 = 9 8 dy+ confession1 ^! words are put into 8 m\?3-- 1 8,b if ! "t ( my visitation to dea? be ne>1 ,o let my dea? be an expiation = all my s9s1 iniquities1 & transgressions1 :]e9 ,i h s9n$1 (f5d$1 & transgress$ aga9/ !e1 f ! day ( my exi/5ce40 ,^! two doctr9es are pla9ly contr>y ! "o to ! o!r4 ,if dea? be an atonem5t = all s9s1 !n1 :5 x is once suff]$1 all ^! s9s are =giv51 & !re is no ne$ ( fur!r puni%m5t 9 hell = twelve mon?s4 ,b if ?is fur!r puni%m5t be inflict$1 !n ! dea? ( ! individual is n an atonem5t = 8 s9s4 ,! ,jew may *oose :i* ( ^! hopes he pleases2 b :i*ev] he may ass]t to be true1 ! o!r is necess>ily false2 & if "o be false1 !n ! oral law tea*es falsehood1 & _c be dep5d$ ^u ) respect to ! o!r4 ,!re is1 !n1 9 ^! two /atem5ts1 a gl>+ inconsi/5cy1 :i* makes !m bo? suspici\s 9 !mselves3 & ! ,^w ( ,god is z oppos$ to ?is la/ /atem5t1 z to ! =m]4 ,! ,bible repres5ts dea? z a consequ5ce & puni%m5t ( ,adam's s91 n z an atonem5t3 & h5ce x is t infants die1 :o h nev] committ$ actual s91 & d n ne$ an atonem5t on t acc\nt4 ,dea? is1 !re=e1 a puni%m5t1 & t :i* is a puni%m5t c nev] be an atonem5t4 ,! dy+ ,jew1 !n1 if he be a reasonable man1 has no hope t c yield him peace & consolation 9 t solemn h\r4 ,he prays t 8 dea? may atone = 8 s9s1 & yet believes ! v contr>y--t he is go+ d[n to ! place ( ! damn$1 & t 8 son w h to und]take ! "w ( 8 r$emption4 ,h[ any ?\ghtful man1 especially h[ any ,israelite :o has read ! ,law & ! ,prophets1 c be cont5t ) su* a religion1 we _c compreh5d4 ,! v ess5ce ( religion1 ! v consid]ation t gives x any value1 is ! com=t :i* x af=ds to ! dep>t+ s9n]4 ,if x _c soo!1 support1 & com=t him 9 ! h\r ( dea?1 x is n wor? ! hav+4 ,! ,*ri/ian fai? is v diff]5t1 &1 9 our op9ion1 f> m 9 accordance ) ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,we believe1 9 ! fir/ place1 t !re is a full & p]fect p>don = all s9s by ! atonem5t ( ! ,messiah1 s t ! s9n] :o dies 9 rep5tance & fai?1 is deliv]$ f all puni%m5t & o!r consequ5ces ( s91 & ent]s at once into ! abodes ( ! bless$1 !re to await ! morn+ ( ! resurrection4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t promis$ t ,messiah %\ld be> our s9s4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t tells u t ,he has borne !m1 & t !re=e we c 8n[ be ju/ifi$ f all ?+s f :i* we c\ld n be ju/ifi$ by ! law ( ,moses40 7,acts xiii4 #ch1 #ci47 ,x tells u t 8,god made ,him to be s9 = u1 :o knew no s92 t we might be made ! righte\sness ( ,god 9 him0 7#b ,cor4 v4 #ba72 & 8t if any man s91 we h an advocate ) ! ,fa!r1 ,jesus1 ! ,messiah1 ! ,righte\s2 & he is ! propitiation = our s9s3 & n = ours only1 b also = ! s9s ( ! :ole _w40 7#a ,john ii4 #a1 #b47 ,we believe1 !re=e1 t ,messiah has borne all t we ought to h borne1 z ! prophet says-- 8,! *a/isem5t ( our peace 0 ^u him1 & ) 8 /ripes we are heal$10 7,isaiah liii4 #e17 & t n[ we are deliv]$4 ,!re is no twelvemon? ( torm5t await+ ^? :om ,messiah has r$eem$1 nei!r d we tru/ 9 our own dea? z a possible atonem5t4 ,our hope is firmly fix$1 &1 !re=e1 ?\gh s9n]s1 we c die 9 peace1 re/+ on ! salvation :i* ,god himself has wr\ght1 9 no fe> ( ! torm5ts ( ! damn$1 b humbly expect+1 = ! ,messiah's sake1 to be admitt$ into ! mansions ( ! bless$4 ,re/+ on ?is hope1 ! ,*ri/ian c say1 8,to me to live is ,*ri/1 & to die is ga940 7,philip1 i4 #ba47 ,he c look =w>d f dea? to ! glori\s consummation1 z ,/4 ,paul did1 :o1 :5 ! h\r ( 8 m>tyrdom approa*$1 0 enabl$ to say1 8,i am n[ ready to be (f]$1 & ! "t ( my dep>ture is at h&4 ,i h f\ght a good fight2 ,i h f9i%$ my c\rse2 ,i h kept ! fai?3 h5ce=? !re is laid up = me a cr[n ( righte\sness1 :i* ! ,"l1 ! righte\s ,judge1 %all give me at t day2 & n to me only1 b unto all !m also t love 8 appe>+40 ,! ,*ri/ian expects aft] dea? n to sp5d twelve dre>y mon?s 9 hell1 8,= we "k t if our e>?ly h\se ( ?is tab]nacle 7 dissolv$1 we h a build+ ( ,god1 an h\se n made ) h&s1 et]nal 9 ! heav5s4 ,= 9 ?is we groan1 e>ne/ly desir+ to be clo!d ^u ) our h\se :i* is f heav53 if s be1 t be+ clo!d1 we %all n be f\nd nak$4 ,= we t are 9 ?is tab]nacle d groan1 be+ burd5$3 n = t we w\ld be unclo!d1 b clo!d ^u1 t mortality might be swall[$ up ( life40 7#b ,cor4 v4 #a-d47 ,su* is ! hope :i* ,*ri/ianity holds out1 & x is h>dly necess>y to prove t x is m satisfactory1 & m calculat$ to convey peace to ! consci5ce ( a dy+ believ]1 ?an ! dread prospect1 ( twelve mon?s' soj\rn 9 ! place ( torm5t4 ,?is 9 itself proves1 t ,*ri/ianity is greatly sup]ior to ,judaism1 & ev5 af=ds a presumption t ,*ri/ianity is true4 ,reason tells u1 t if ,god has giv5 a revelation at all1 t revelation mu/ conta9 ! way ( obta9+ p>don = s9s1 & be able to adm9i/] consolation to ! dy+4 ,9 ?is respect ,judaism fails4 ,x promises =giv5ess & ju/ification to a ?\s& c]emonial obs]vances1 b 9 ! h\r ( man's extremity1 x tells him t !re is no way ( p>don1 b t he mu/ g d[n into torm5t1 & expiate 8 s9s by actual suff]+4 ,?is sy/em _c1 !re=e1 be ( ,god4 ,*ri/ianity1 on ! contr>y1 has ! fir/ great ess5tial 9 religion2 x in=ms man h[ he c obta9 =giv5ess1 & tells him h[ to die 9 peace2 & ! sy/em ( p>don & consolation :i* x proposes1 is 9 exact accordance ) ! doctr9e ( ,moses & ! prophets4 ,moses promises p>don to an aton+ sacrifice4 ,isaiah says1 t ,messiah is to be ! true atonem5t2 & ,*ri/ianity re/s ^u ^! two pr9ciples4 ,! ,jew himself mu/ admit1 t our hope has at lea/ a /rong appe>ance ( tru?1 & t we h ! lett] ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 our fav\r4 ,we h1 !re=e1 m reason to tru/ to ,*ri/ianity1 ?an he has = re/+ on ,judaism1 :i* has n ev5 a semblance ( pro(1 & is z f> f ! lett] z f ! _s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,we w\ld e>ne/ly reque/ ( e ,jew to consid] :at is 8 hope 9 dea?1 & :at is 8 prospect aft] x8 ,c he be cont5t ) t :i* ,judaism (f]s8 ,c he be happy 9 ! prospect ( twelve mon?s' torm5t8 ,or1 c ! repetition ( ,kaddi% af=d him any hope ( lib]ation f t place1 :i!r 8 s9s h br\ght him8 ,he _c pret5d to h any w>rant f ,scripture4 ,:]e does ,moses tell a ,jewi% *ild to say ,kaddi% = 8 deceas$ p>5t1 or t ! say+ ( x w deliv] ! s\l f ! grasp ( ,div9e ju/ice8 ,& reason does n (f] a great] measure ( consolation4 ,reason says pla9ly1 ei!r t ! deceas$ is guilty or n guilty2 ei!r1 !re=e1 ju/ice dem&s t he %\ld be puni%$ or deliv]$4 ,9 ! "o case ! pray] is unavail+1 9 ! o!r unnecess>y4 ,reason says t ,god ei!r p>dons or puni%es2 b t !re is no middle way4 ,judaism !n (f]s a hope equally unw>rant$ by reason & ,scripture1 & ?us1 =sak+ a poor s9n] 9 ! h\r ( 8 extremity1 is n wor?y ( ! pr(ession ( any "o :o uses 8 reason1 or rev]es ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,no4 ,,xxxix4 ,,almsgiv+4 ,! object ( our late numb]s has be5 to po9t out ! inconsi/5cy & prec>i\sness ( ! v>i\s hopes1 :i* ! oral law holds out to its advocates1 & ! consequ5t inadequacy ( a religion :i* leaves its pr(essors )\t a reasonable hope ( et]nal happ9ess4 ,9 ! c\rse ( our obs]vations1 ! subject ( almsgiv+ twice pres5t$ itself prom95tly to our notice2 fir/1 z a means ( comp5sat+ = ! s9s & omissions ( ! pa/ ye>2 & secondly1 z a means ( promot+ ! repose ( dep>t$ s\ls2 f :i* x appe>s t ! oral law consid]s ?is duty z mo/ important & b5eficial bo? to ! liv+ & ! dead4 ,! object ( ! pres5t pap] %all !re=e be1 to inquire into ! rabb9ic doctr9e ( almsgiv+1 & to comp>e x ) ! law & ! prophets4 ,! duty & ext5t ( almsgiv+ are ?us def9$3-- 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 8,x is an affirmative precept to give alms to ! poor ( ,israel1 accord+ z ! poor h ne$1 if 9 ! p[] ( ! giv]2 = x is said1 #8,?\ %alt op5 ?9e h& wide to him' 7,deut4 xv4 #h72 & aga91 #8,?\ %alt relieve him1 a proselyte#cd or a soj\rn]1 t he may live ) !e2' & aga91 #8,t ?y bro!r may live ) !e4' 7,lev4 xxv4 #ce1 #cf47 ,:osoev] sees a poor man begg+1 & %uts 8 eyes aga9/ him1 & does n give him alms1 transgresses a negative precept3 = x is said1 #8,?\ %alt n h>d5 ?9e he>t nor %ut ?9e h& f ?y poor bro!r4' 7,deut4 xv4 #g47 ,accord+ z ! poor ha? ne$1 ?\ art comm&$ to give4 ,if he has no clo?+1 he is to be clo!d2 if he has no furniture1 x is to be b\ght = him2 if he has no wife1 he is to be help$ to m>ry "o2 if a woman1 %e is to be assi/$ 9 gett+ a husb&3 yea1 if x _h be5 ! poor man's cu/om to ride ^u a horse1 & to h a s]vant runn+ be=e him--b he is n[ come d[n 9 ! _w1--x is a duty to buy him a horse to ride1 & a s]vant to run be=e him1 = x is said1 #8,suffici5t = 8 ne$1 9 t :i* he wante?' 7,deut4 xv4 #h72 & ?\ art comm&$ p]fectly to relieve 8 want1 b n to make him ri*4 ,if an orphan apply = assi/ance 9 ord] to m>ry1 x is a duty to hire a h\se = him1 & to provide all necess>y furniture1 & aft]w>ds to help him to m>ry4 ,if a poor man come & ask = relief1 & ! giv] has n z mu* z he wants1 he ought to give :at 8 means af=d4 ,h[ mu*8 ,he t gives a fif? ( 8 prop]ty fulfils ! comm&m5t well4 ,he t gives "o "p 9 t5 fulfils x 9 a middl+ mann]4 ,he t gives less mu/ be reg>d$ z a p]son ) an evil eye40 7,hil*o? ,matt'no? ,aniim1 cvii4 #a-e47 ,9 ?is def9ition ( ! nature & ext5t ( ! duty ( almsgiv+1 !re is mu* t is good & wor?y ( our admiration1 especially 9 ?is selfi% & money-lov+ age1 :5 pov]ty is reg>d$1 if n puni%$1 z a crime1 & ! poor are1 by _m1 consid]$ z unwor?y ( all dome/ic com=t4 ,)\t b9d+ ourselves to ! approval ( all ! details "h specifi$1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge1 t ! _s ( ?is passage is agreeable to ! idea ( true *>ity1 &1 if univ]sally act$ ^u1 w\ld d m = ! happ9ess ( mank9d ?an "s !ories n[ afloat4 ,b ?\gh ready to admire & to ackn[l$ge ! g5]al beauty & excell5ce ( ?is passage1 we mu/ also rem>k t ! ma9 feature ( *>ity is1 by ! rabb9ical sy/em1 exclud$4 ,god comm&s t ?is help %\ld ext5d beyond ! n>r[ limits ( selfi%ness & nationality1 to 8! /rang] & ! soj\rn]10 b ! oral law neutralizes ! m]cifulness ( ,god's comm&m5t by mak+ ! ^w /rang] signify a proselyte to ,judaism4 ,! orig9al ,hebrew ^w 7,g]7 pla9ly means a /rang]1 z may be se5 9 ! words ( ,moses-- 8,love ye !re=e ! /rang]2 = ye 7 /rang]s 9 ! l& ( ,egypt40 7,deut4 x4 #ai47 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,israelites 7 n proselytes1 b /rang]s2 ?is ^w1 ,g]1 !re=e1 signifies /rang]1 n proselyte2 & yet ! oral law says t no "o c be a ,g] )\t sacrifice1 circumcision1 & baptism1 or n[1 t !re is no temple1 )\t ! two la/ requisites3-- 1 8,at ! pres5t "t :5 !re is no sacrifice1 circumcision & baptism are necess>y1 & :5 ! temple is rebuilt1 he mu/ br+ a sacrifice4 ,a ,g] :o is circumcis$ b n baptiz$1 or baptiz$ b n circumcis$1 is n a ,g]1 until he be bo? baptiz$ & circumcis$4 7,hil*o? ,issure ,biah1 c4 xiii4 #e1 #f470 ,?is rabb9ical def9ition ( :at is meant by ,g]1 re/ricts ! ex]cise ( *>ity )9 a mu* n>r[] limit ?an t prescrib$ by ,god1 & does1 9 fact1 de/roy "o ( ! mo/ beautiful features ( ! ,mosaic law1 namely1 ! m]ciful provision :i* x makes = ! relief ( ! /rang]4 ,! law ( ,moses has ! _s ( its div9e ,au?or4 ,he calls himself 8a jeal\s ,god10 & x may well be call$ a jeal\s law1 wat*+ c>efully ov] e dep>ture f tru?1 & puni%+ x rigor\sly3 & yet1 l ,god himself1 ?is j jeal\sy is temp]$ ) m]cy1 & beams ) love4 ,! oral law1 on ! contr>y1 is an envi\s & v9dictive code1 & its zeal deg5]ates into n>r[-he>t$ bigotry4 ,x w\ld n only puni% ! idolat]1 b exclude e /rang] f ! pale ( *>ity1 unless he be a proselyte2 & an ,israelite too1 if he _h 9 any wise d>$ to transgress ! rabb9ical comm&s4 ,a rem>kable in/ance ( ?is hatr$1 to ^? :om x consid]s apo/ates1 occurs 9 ^! laws respect+ almsgiv+4 ,! oral law says1 t ! mo/ m]itori\s ex]cise ( *>ity is1 ! ransom+ ( captives3-- 1 8,! ransom+ ( captives goes be=e ! fe$+ & clo?+ ( ! poor1 & !re is no comm&m5t s great z ?is40 7,hil*o? ,matt'no? ,aniim1 c4 #h47 ,& yet if a bro!r ,israelite %\ld deviate f ! rabb9ical comm&s1 ! oral law makes x unlawful to ransom him1 at ! same "t t x enjo9s ! ransom ( a slave if he be a proselyte3 1 8,a slave :o is 9 captivity because he has receiv$ ! baptism ( slaves1 & tak5 ^u himself ! comm&m5ts1 is to be r$eem$4 ,b z to a captive :o has alt]$ ev5 "o comm&m5t1 if = in/ance he has eat5 =bidd5 food 9 ord] to vex1 x is =bidd5 to ransom su* an "o40 7,ibid47 ,?us ! oral law =bids all compassion ev5 to an ,israelite1 if he is n ( ! rabb9ic religion4 ,! conduct :i* x prescribes t[>ds poor ,g5tiles1 8= ! sake ( ! ways ( peace10 1 we h consid]$ long s9ce2 b ! prohibition to receive alms ( ! ,g5tiles1 des]ves notice "h1 z x furni%es ano!r pro( ( ! contract$ views ( ! rabbies1 & ! falsehood ( ! oral law3-- 1 8,x is unlawful = an ,israelite to receive alms f ! ,g5tiles op5ly4 ,b if he _c live by ! alms ( ,israel1 & _c receive x f ! ,g5tiles privately1 !n x is lawful4 ,if a k+ or pr9ce ( ! ,g5tiles s5ds money to ,israel z alms1 x is n to be return$1 on acc\nt ( ! peace ( ! k+dom4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is to be receiv$1 b x is to be giv5 to ! poor ( ! ,g5tiles privately1 s t ! k+ may n he> ( x40 7,ibid47 ,"h ! oral law endeav\rs to p]v]t t k9dly feel+ :i* %\ld exi/ betwe5 all ! families ( man1 & spurns a demon/ration ev5 ( love1 because x comes f a man ( a diff]5t religion4 ,at ! same "t its au?ors _h n ! moral c\rage to d ?is op5ly & hone/ly1 & if ne$ be1 suff] = consci5ce sake4 ,!y comm& t ! pr(f]$ alms %\ld be tak5 f ! k+1 z if !y int5d$ to devote x to ! object = :i* he gave x1 & !n privately to apply x to a totally diff]5t purpose4 ,?is want ( good fai? %[s abundantly t ! oral law does n come f ! ,god ( tru?4 ,! n>r[ bigotry ( ! sy/em ?us neutralizes all ! individual trials ( excell5ce :i* ! oral law conta9s4 ,!y appe> beautiful only :5 view$ ap>t f _! context2 b ! mom5t we view !m 9 relation to ! o!r p>ts ( ,rabb9ism1 _! beauty is gone4 ,?us ! duty & ext5t ( almsgiv+1 z prescrib$ by ! oral law1 at fir/ sight appe>s admirable2 b ! n>r[ _s ( bigotry by :i* x is circumscrib$1 totally de/roys its moral value 9 ! sight ( ,god & man4 ,almsgiv+ is lovely only :5 x is ! (fspr+ ( *>ity4 ,god looks n at ! m]e outw>d act ( giv+ money1 b at ! he>t1 & if !re be no love !re1 almsgiv+ is valueless 9 8 sight4 ,& h[ c any "o pret5d t !re is a gra9 ( true ,god-l *>ity 9 a sy/em :i* turns /rang] into proselyte1 prohibits to help a bro!r because he is n ( our own religi\s s5tim5ts1 & refuses ev5 to receive a k9dness f "o ( a diff]5t religion8 ,j contra/ ?is ) ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 8,love y\r enemies1 bless !m t curse y1 d good to !m t hate y1 & pray = !m :i* despitefully use y1 & p]secute y2 t ye may be ! *ildr5 ( y\r ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav53 = he make? 8 sun to rise on ! evil & on ! good1 & s5de? ra9 on ! j & ! unju/4 ,= if ye love !m :i* love y1 :at rew>d h ye8 ,d n ev5 ! publicans ! same8 ,& if ye salute y\r bre?r5 only1 :at d ye m ?an o!rs8 ,d n ev5 ! publicans s8 ,be ye !re=e p]fect1 ev5 z y\r ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav5 is p]fect40 7,matt4 v4 #dd-dh47 ,b ! oral law n only p]v]ts & falsifies ! true doctr9e conc]n+ *>ity1 b also misleads its foll[]s by tea*+ !m to ?9k t almsgiv+ is a peculi>ly m]itori\s act1 & w atone = o!r transgressions4 ,?us x is said-- 1 1 1 8,we are b\nd to be m c>eful respect+ ?is comm&m5t ( alms ?an ab\t any o!r ( all ! affirmative precepts1 = almsgiv+ is a *>act]i/ic ( ! righte\s se$ ( our fa!r ,abraham1 z x is said1 #8,i "k him t he w comm& 8 *ildr5 to d alms4' 7,g54 xviii4 #ai47 ,by almsgiv+ alone x is t ! ?rone ( ,israel is e/abli%$1 & t ! law ( tru? /&e?1 = x is said1 #8by alms 7lit]ally 9 righte\sness7 ?\ %alt be e/abli%$4' 7,isaiah liv4 #ad47 ,by alms alone x is t ,israel %all be deliv]$1 = x is said #8,zion %all be r$eem$ ) judgm5t1 & h] conv]ts ) alms 7righte\sness74'0 7,isaiah l4 #bg47 7,ibid4 c4 x4 #a47 ,accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 ! man :o gives alms has ! m]it ( uphold+ tru? 9 ! _w & help+ to deliv] ,israel f captivity4 ,b ! foll[+ passage tells u t x w deliv] f ! puni%m5t :i* he des]ves1 & :i* is already imp5d+ ov] 8 head3-- 8,almsgiv+ annuls ! evil decrees1 & 9 fam9e x deliv]s f dea?1 z happ5$ to ! wid[ ( ,s>epta40 7,joreh ,deah1 #cdg47 ,& h5ce x is t1 z we h se51 at ! approa* ( ! ,new ,ye> ! ,rabb9i/s practise almsgiv+ abundantly1 & also1 t ! survivors (f] = ! repose ( ! s\ls ( _! debas$ relations4 ,! t5d5cy ( ?is doctr9e is obvi\sly p]nici\s1 = x enc\rages m5 to p]si/ 9 s91 "u ! idea t almsgiv+ w comp5sate = all o!r defici5cies4 ,! doctr9e itself is positively false4 ,:]e does ! law ( ,moses say t almsgiv+ c pur*ase =giv5ess8 ,moses requires ob$i5ce to all ! comm&m5ts1 & he enjo9s ! practice ( *>ity to ! poor1 b he d5\nces wra? aga9/ all transgression4 ,! doctr9e ( ,moses is n t ob$i5ce to "o comm& w comp5sate = disob$i5ce to ano!r1 b t disob$i5ce to "o comm& w make ob$i5ce to o!rs ( none effect4 ,! doctr9e t ! giv+ ( money to ! poor c *ange ! c\rse ( ,god's judgm5t1 or alt] ?is s5t5ce1 is v little %ort ( blasphemy3 = x repres5ts him z an unju/ judge :o c be brib$1 ^: sev]ity c be b\ght (f1 & ^: fav\r c be pur*as$ ) money4 ,a m degrad+ view ( ! ,div9e "* c sc>cely be imag9$4 ,su* conduct 9 a human judge w\ld /amp him ) infamy1 & _c possibly be true ( ,him :o is a ,god ( tru? & ju/ice4 ,?is "o feature ( rabb9ic religion is suffici5t to prove t x is ! inv5tion ( m51 & ( m5 too )\t any v exalt$ notion ( ju/ice & equity4 ,besides1 ?is view or almsgiv+ takes away all ! virtue ( ob$i5ce & love to ,god1 & turns x into a m]e m]c5>y transaction4 ,! great beauty ( almsgiv+ is t x proce$s f love to ,god & man1 & t its motives be m]cy & ob$i5ce4 ,b ! man1 :o gives alms 9 ord] to atone = o!r transgressions1 or to av]t ! puni%m5t :i* he des]ves1 is n p]=m+ an act ei!r ( ob$i5ce or *>ity1 he is simply mak+ a pur*ase & driv+ a b>ga9 :i* is mu* to 8 advantage4 ,he has got money1 & ) t money he c buy a h\se1 or a horse1 or deliv]ance f puni%m5t4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a simple "q ( int]e/4 ,he consid]s :i* w be ! mo/ pr(itable inve/m5t ( 8 money1 & if he decide t deliv]ance f ,god's wra? is ! mo/ advantage\s1 he lays x out 9 almsgiv+4 ,ob$i5ce1 or love to ,god or man1 is "h altoge!r out ( ! "q4 ,c any "o1 :o has got ! law & ! prophets 9 8 h&s1 imag9e t su* a doctr9e c come f ,god8 or c any reasonable be+ suppose1 t escape f ,god's wra?1 or ! enjoym5t ( 8 fav\r dep5ds n ^u man's moral wor?1 b ^u 8 ability to give alms3 9 a ^w1 t 8 salvation dep5ds n ^u ! /ate ( 8 he>t1 b ! lay+ out ( 8 money8 ,?is "o doctr9e1 if ?or\ghly believ$ & act$ ^u1 w\ld ov]turn ! :ole law ( ,moses1 & (f] life n to ! ob$i5t1 b to ! money$4 ,9 ?is doctr9e ( almsgiv+1 h[ev]1 ! oral law errs at ! v f\ndation4 ,x has *os5 ! ,hebrew ^w to /& = 8almsgiv+10 :]eas its true signification is 8righte\sness10 z may be easily prov$ by ref]5ce to passages :]e x _c possibly signify 8almsgiv+10 z = in/ance-- 8,& x %all be our righte\sness 7n our almsgiv+71 if we obs]ve to d all ^! comm&m5ts be=e ! ,"l our ,god z he ha? comm&$ u40 7,deut4 vi4 #be47 ,"h _c possibly signify almsgiv+4 ,& aga91 8,& he believ$ 9 ! ,"l2 & he c\nt$ x to him = righte\sness 7n = almsgiv+740 7,g54 xv4 #f47 ,& aga91 8,o ,"l1 righte\sness belonge? unto !e1 b unto u confusion ( face0 7,dan4 ix4 #g71 :]e x is impossible to say t 8,almsgiv+ belonge? unto ! ,"l40 ,! oral law is !re=e guilty ( p]v]t+ ! mean+ ( "o ( ! pla9e/ & mo/ commonly repeat$ words 9 ! ,bible1 & ( c\rse ( !reby giv+ an errone\s s5se to ! passage :]e x occurs4 ,?us x says1 z we h se5 above1 8t by almsgiv+ ! ?rone ( ,israel is e/abli%$ & ! law ( tru? /&e?10 & x proves ?is ass]tion by ref]r+ to a v]se ( ,isaiah1 :]e ! ^w occurs1 & :i* signifies 8by righte\sness %alt ?\ be e/abli%$10 b :i* x p]v]ts to mean 8by almsgiv+ ?\ %alt be e/abli%$40 ,"h !n ! oral law is pla9ly convict$ ( falsify+ ! ,^w ( ,god1 & p]v]t+ its mean+ 9 ord] to s]ve its own purposes & fav\r its own false doctr9e4 ,to tea* false doctr9e is bad en\gh1 b to p]v]t ! pla9 s5se ( ,scripture is a great deal worse4 ,ei!r *>ge1 if prov$1 w\ld be suffici5t to prove t ! oral law is a false religion1 b "h bo? *>ges are prov$ toge!r4 ,! oral law "h tea*es t almsgiv+ c d t :i* x _c d1 namely1 bribe ,god to h m]cy2 & x supports its false doctr9e by int]pret+ to signify 8almsgiv+10 :]eas x pla9ly signifies 8righte\sness40 ,a religion guilty ( su* error _c be f ,god4 ,x is = ! ,jews1 !n1 to consid] :e!r !y w p]si/ 9 uphold+ ! tru? ( a sy/em :i* opposes ! doctr9es ( ,moses & ! prophets1 & p]v]ts ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,! great boa/ ( ! ,jews is1 t !y are fai?ful to ,moses & to ! religion ( ,moses3 b ?is boa/ is va9 s long z !y pr(ess ,judaism4 ,if ,moses 7 to rise f ! dead1 & get ! oral law into 8 h&s1 he w\ld n be able to recognise x z ! religion :i* he left to ,israel4 ,&1 z to ! comm&s ab\t almsgiv+1 he w\ld n be able ev5 to translate !m1 = 9 8 "t signifi$ righte\sness4 ,! prophet ,isaiah w\ld feel equal a/oni%m5t if he 7 to return & le>n1 t ! oral law quot$ him z an au?ority = ! ass]tion1 t ,zion is to be r$eem$1 n ) righte\sness1 b ) almsgiv+4 ,& we d\bt n t bo? ,moses & ,isaiah w\ld prote/ z e>ne/ly z we d aga9/ a doctr9e bas$ ^u p]v]sion4 ,b x is extraord9>y1 if ! ,rabb9i/s really believe _! own doctr9e1 t ,israel c be deliv]$ f captivity by almsgiv+1 t !y %\ld set any b\nds to _! lib]ality1 or ev] /op giv+1 until ! desir$ r$emption be effect$4 ,if _! doctr9e be true1 !n all t !y s e>ne/ly pray =1 is entirely 9 _! own p[]4 ,!y "k ! means1 & !y possess ! means ( t]m9at+ ?is long captivity4 ,!y ne$ only to give a suffici5cy ( alms1 &1 accord+ to ! oral law1 ev5 ,zion itself %all be deliv]$4 ,h[ extraord9>y !n1 t !y %\ld h suff]$ s _m c5turies ( mis]y to pass ov] _! heads1 & left _! bre?r5 to endure su* calamities1 :5 lib]ality 9 almsgiv+ c\ld h put a p]iod to all _! sorr[s4 ,we ?9k too highly ( ,israel's *>ity to suppose = a mom5t t !y w\ld hesitate to make ! sacrifice1 if !y 7 p]suad$ ( its efficacy4 ,we mu/ !re=e inf]1 t !y d n believe 9 ! doctr9e1 & ask !m1 :y d !y pr(ess a religion 9 :i* !y d n believe8 ,footnote #cd3 ,lit]ally1 8a /rang]40 ,no4 ,,xl4 ,,prie/s ,,& ,,levites4 ,! great te/ ( a man's fai? 91 & love to1 8 religion is 8 practice4 ,if a man live 9 op5 & p]petual transgression ( its comm&s1 no pr(ession c satisfy u t he is 9 e>ne/1 or t he really believes :at 8 cre$ confesses4 ,n[ let ! advocates ( ! oral law exam9e !mselves by ?is te/4 ,!y pr(ess to believe 91 & to love ! law ( ,moses2 & _! great boa/ is1 t ,moses is _! ma/]1 & t !y are 8 disciples1 b d !y prove ! reality ( _! fai? by _! ob$i5ce8 ,!y sometimes tax ,*ri/ians ) inconsi/5cy 9 pr(ess+ to believe 9 ,moses1 & yet 9 neglect+ ! obs]vance ( c]ta9 c]emonial obs]vances2 b are !y !mselves m c>eful & less guilty 9 ?is matt]8 ,we d n mean to allude to ! weighti] matt]s ( ! law1 love to ,god & man3 t is a "q = ! consci5ce1 n a subject = controv]sy1 b we ref] to "s m]e ext]nal matt]s1 easy ( obs]vance1 & op5 to ! cognisance ( e man4 ,moses & ! prophets h comm&$ t ! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 1 %\ld be ! tea*]s ( ! law1 & t f !m ! p %\ld le>n4 ,moses does n say "o ^w ab\t rabbies or wise m51 1 b re/ricts ! (fice ( tea*+ to ! prie/s1 ! ,levites3 n[1 d ! mod]n ,jews obey ,moses 9 ?is respect8 ,:o are _! tea*]s ( religion1 & f :om d !y le>n8 ,are ! prie/s & ! ,levites ! tea*]s ( ,israel1 z ,moses comm&$1 or are !y taught by _! rabbies & ,*a*amim1 ( :om ,moses does n say "o syllable8 ,we ass]t1 t ,moses has comm&$ t ! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 %\ld be ! religi\s tea*]s 9 ,israel1 & 9 pro( we ref] to ! words ( ,moses himself4 ,9 ! t5? *apt] ( 1 ,leviticus1 he ?us writes3-- 4 4 4 8,& ! ,"l spake unto ,a>on1 say+1 ,d n dr9k w9e nor /rong dr9k1 ?\ nor ?y sons ) !e1 :5 ye g into ! tab]nacle ( ! congregation1 le/ ye die3 x %all be a /atute = ev] ?r\gh\t y\r g5]ations3 & t ye may put diff]5ce betwe5 holy & unholy1 & betwe5 unclean & clean2 & t ye may tea* ! *ildr5 ( ,israel all ! /atutes :i* ! ,"l ha? spok5 unto !m by ! h& ( ,moses40 ,"h ! nature ( ! prie/'s (fice is cle>ly def9$4 ,x is1 9 ! fir/ place1 to g into ! tab]nacle ( ! congregation1 & !re to s]ve be=e ! ,"l3 & secondly to in/ruct ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 holy & pr(ane1 clean & unclean1 & especially to tea* ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 8,,all ,,! ,,/atutes10 :i* ! ,"l _h giv5 to ,moses4 ,! commission is n only v compreh5sive1 b v exclusive4 ,if ! prie/s 7 to tea* 8all ! /atutes10 !re is no room left = rabbies1 or ,*a*amim1 or any o!r description ( tea*]1 ! prie/s are ! only div9ely-accr$it$ religi\s tea*]s 9 ,israel4 ,if ?is passage /ood alone1 x w\ld be q suffici5t to e/abli% ! doctr9e2 b x does n4 ,moses 0 p>ticul>ly anxi\s to impress ^u ! ,israelites ! nature ( ! prie/ly (fice1 & !re=e repeats ! in/ruction aga9 & aga94 ,?us 9 ! law respect+ a dead body f\nd ly+ 9 a field1 aft] comm&+ t ! eld]s & judges %\ld come =?1 he adds-- 8,& ! prie/s1 ! sons ( ,levi1 %all come ne>3 = !m ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? *os5 to m9i/] unto him1 & to bless 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l3 & by _! ^w %all e controv]sy & e /roke be tri$40 7,deut4 xxi4 #e47 ,"o %\ld h ?\ght t ! eld]s & judges 7 en\gh 9 su* a case4 ,b n s4 ,god _h det]m9$ t ! prie/s 7 to tea* ,israel 8all 8 /atutes10 & !re=e comm&s t !y %\ld be pres5t 9 ?is case1 t !y %\ld give ! decision4 ,aga91 :5 ,moses 0 ab\t to "p f ,israel1 & to leave !m 8 dy+ b5$iction1 he 0 direct$ by ! _s ( prophecy to impress ^u !m ! same great tru?1 & 9 ! mo/ solemn mann]3-- 1 4 8,& ( ,levi he said1 ,let ?y ,?ummim & ?y ,urim be ) ?y ,holy ,"o1 :om ?\ did/ prove at ,massah1 & ) :om ?\ did/ /rive at ! wat]s ( ,m]ibah3 :o said unto 8 fa!r & "m1 ,i h n se5 him2 nei!r did he ackn[l$ge 8 bre?r51 nor knew 8 own *ildr53 = !y h obs]v$ ?y ^w1 & kept ?y cov5ant4 ,!y %all tea* ,jacob ?y judgm5ts1 & ,israel ?y law40 7,deut4 xxxiii4 #h-aj47 ,& z ?is doctr9e =ms a "p ( ,moses' la/ words1 s also x is f\nd 9 ! la/ prophetic message :i* ,god v\*saf$ to ,israel4 ,mala*i1 ! la/ ( ! prophets1 rem9ds ,israel-- 8,t ! prie/'s lips %\ld keep k1 & !y %\ld seek ! law at 8 m\?3 = he is ! mess5g] ( ! ,"l ( ho/s0 7,mal4 ii4 #g73 s t if !re be any "o ?+ m pla9 ?an ano!r 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t x is ?is1 t ! sons ( ,levi are ! div9ely-appo9t$ religi\s tea*]s ( ,israel1 & t x is ! duty ( all ,israelites to seek in/ruction f !m4 ,x _c be said t ! prie/s are n n[ well kn[n1 & t on ?is acc\nt ^! comm&s h lo/ _! =ce2 = ^? :o believe 9 ! oral law1 pr(ess to "k ! family ( ,levi1 & 9 ! synagogue1 at ! read+ ( ! law1 ! prie/ & ! ,levite are call$ up 9 a c]ta9 ord]3 1 8,at e "t ( read+ ! prie/ reads fir/1 & aft] him ! ,levite1 & aft] him ! ,israelite4 ,& ! simple cu/om ( ! pres5t "t is1 t a prie/1 ev5 ?\gh he be an unle>n$ man 7amha>etz71 takes prec$5ce 9 read+ be=e ! mo/ le>n$1 :o is only an ,israelite40 7,hil*o? ,t'phillah1 c4 xii4 #ah47 ,& z ! prie/s are ?us suppos$ to be kn[n1 s ! oral law expressly ma9ta9s t !y /ill reta9 _! prie/ly (fice1 & are b\nd to dis*>ge ! duties ( x1 s f> z is possible1 9 ! captivity3 & !re=e requires !m to bless ! p z ,moses comm&$4 ,inde$ ! firm conviction ( ! ,talmudi/s on ?is subject is /rik+ly exhibit$ 9 _! ass]tion1 t a prie/1 al?\gh unle>n$1 or ev5 notori\sly wick$1 is /ill n exempt$ f 8 obligation to p]=m ?is duty3-- 1 1 1 1 8,a prie/ :o has none ( ^! disqualifications = ! lift+ up ( h&s1 ev5 ?\gh he be n le>n$1 nor accurate 9 ! comm&m5ts2 & al?\gh 8 companions make a mock ( him1 or 8 deal+s %\ld n be righte\s1 /ill he is to lift up 8 h&s to bless1 & is n to be prev5t$1 = ?is is an affirmative precept b9d+ ^u e prie/1 :o is o!rwise qualifi$2 & we mu/ n say to a wick$ man1 ,away1 ?\ wick$ man1 be ?\ disqualifi$ f keep+ ! comm&m5ts4 ,d n ask1 say+1 ,:at pr(it c !re be 9 ! bless+ ( ?is simple fell[8 = ! receiv+ ( ! bless+ does n dep5d ^u ! prie/s1 b ^u ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 = x is said1 #8,!y %all put my "n ^u ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & ,i w bless !m4' ,! prie/s p]=m ! duty comm&$ !m1 & ,god1 9 8 m]cy1 blesses ,israel accord+ to 8 pleasure40 7,ibid4 c4 xv4 #f47 ,! exi/5ce1 !n1 ( ! prie/s1 & _! cont9u$ obligation to p]=m su* (ficial duties z are n[ possible1 are fully ackn[l$g$1 yea1 x is ev5 ass]t$ t a wick$ prie/ is by no means to be prev5t$ f do+ 8 duty3 x has also be5 pla9ly prov$1 f ! words ( ,moses & ! prophets1 t x is ! duty ( ! prie/s to tea*1 & ( ! ,israelites to be taught by !m3 & no man c d5y t ! p]=mance ( ?is duty is possible4 ,! de/ruction ( ! temple has prev5t$ ! prie/ f sacrific+1 b x has made no diff]5ce ) reg>d to ! possibility ( tea*+3 x is1 !re=e1 a fair "q to propose1 to ^? :o boa/ 9 _! ob$i5ce to ! law ( ,moses1 ,h[ is ?is ,mosaic comm& respect+ ! tea*+ ( ! law fulfill$8 ,are ! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 ! religi\s tea*]s 9 all ,jewi% congregations8 or h !y be5 exclud$ f ! (fice assign$ to !m by ,moses8 & is x occupi$ by o!rs to :om ,moses did n give x8 ,e ,jew mu/ answ] t ?is comm& ( ,moses is utt]ly disreg>d$--t ! (fice ( ! prie/hood1 z e/abli%$ by ,moses1 has n[ sc>cely ! %ad[ ( an exi/5ce among/ ! ,jews--t ! rabbies1 ,*a*amim1 & ! ,melamm'dim are univ]sally ! religi\s tea*]s--& t hundr$s1 if n ?\s&s1 ( ! prie/s are left 9 utt] obscurity1 & n a few 9 de/itution4 ,j]emiah compla9$ ( ! hea!n-- 8,!y respect$ n ! p]sons ( ! prie/s0 7,lam4 iv4 #af72 b x is equally applicable to ! adh]5ts ( ! oral law4 ,"h & !re a son ( ,levi may be a rabbi1 & !n he has ! hon\r atta*$ to ! rabb9ical (fice2 b ! ,mosaic in/itution ( ! prie/hood1 z ! appo9t$ ord] ( religi\s1 tea*]s to ,israel is utt]ly disreg>d$4 ,moses decl>es1 z we h se5 above1 t x is ! prie/'s (fice 8to di/+ui% betwe5 holy & unholy1 & betwe5 clean & unclean20 b if a ,jew has got a 1 a "q or a difficulty1 x is to ! rabbi t he goes to get ! decision4 ,moses says t ! prie/s are appo9t$ by ,god 8to tea* ,israel all ! /atutes :i* ! ,"l ha? spok5 to !m20 b n[ m5 are made rabbies & ,melamm'dim :o d n pret5d to be ( ! family ( ,levi3 & !re are congregations ev5 :]e !re is no ,levite nor prie/ at all1 & :]e1 !re=e1 ?is comm& is utt]ly despis$4 ,b ! wor/ feature 9 ?is disob$i5ce is1 t x is sy/ematic4 ,x is n "o ( ! casualties ( ! captivity1 b x is ! delib]ate aim ( ! oral law to degrade ! prie/hood1 z e/abli%$ by ,moses1 & to set up above x ano!r (fice1 t ( rabbi1 ( :i* ,moses does n say "o ^w4 ,! oral law1 in/ead ( deprecat+ ! possibility ( an ,israelite congregation exi/+ )\t a prie/ a son ( ,levi1 quietly laye? d[n ! law = do+ )\t !m4 ,:5 prescrib+ ! ord] 9 :i* p]sons are to be call$ up to ! read+ ( ! law1 x says-- 8,if !re be no prie/ !re1 !n an ,israelite is to g up1 b no ,levite is to foll[ him40 7,ibid41 c4 xii4 #ai47 ,& aga91 8,b if ! congregation has no prie/ at all1 :5 ! read] comes to t "p ( ! pray]s he is to say10 c4 7,ibid41 c4 xv4 #aj47 ,n[ if ! oral law 7 anxi\s to ma9ta9 ! in/itution ( ,moses x c\ld make no su* supposition4 ,on ! contr>y x w\ld urge ^u e congregation ! indisp5sable necessity ( hav+ a prie/ or ! family ( ,levi4 ,! supposition %[s t its au?ors c>$ b little ab\t ! comm&s ( ,moses1 = :]e !re is no prie/ x is pla9ly impossible = ! p to obey t (t5-repeat$ precept to le>n ! law f ! sons ( ,levi4 ,& yet ! au?ors ( ! oral law1 :o c>e s little = ?is comm&m5t ( ,moses ab\t ! prie/s1 comm& ! appo9tm5t ( ,melamm'dim1 or s*oolma/]s1 wid] pa9 ( utt] de/ruction-- 1 8,tea*]s ( *ildr5 are to be e/abli%$ 9 e prov9ce & di/rict & city4 ,& e city 9 :i* !re are n s*ool *ildr5 ! m5 ( t city are to be visit$ ) ! ,*]em1 & if !y /ill neglect1 ! city itself is to be devot$40 7,hil*4 ,talm4 ,torah1 c4 ii47 ,:5 we see !m en=ce ?is comm&m5t ( _! own ) su* zeal & sev]ity1 & yet appe> s c>eless & neglig5t ab\t ! comm&m5t ( ,moses1 we ju/ly inf] t ?is neglect 0 int5tional1 & t ! object 0 to exalt !mselves1 & to depress t (fice :i* ,god himself _h orda9$1 ,& ?is inf]5ce is abundantly confirm$ by 1 ! num]\s & m9ute laws respect+ ! hon\r due to a rabbi1 :il/ ! respect due to ! family ( ,levi is almo/ entirely disreg>d$1 & 8 (fice evid5tly depreciat$ bel[ t ( ! =m]4 ,z1 = in/ance1 9 e/abli%+ ! ord] 9 :i* captives are to be r$eem$1 ! oral law says ! prie/ is to be r$eem$ be=e ! ,levite1 & ! ,levite be=e ! ,israelite1 b !n adds-- 1 8,9 :at case does ?is hold good8 ,9 case t !y 7 bo? equal 9 wisdom4 ,b if ! high prie/ be an unle>n$ man1 & an illegitimate *ild be ! disciple ( a wise man 7*a*am71 ! latt] is to h ! prec$5ce40 7,hil*o? ,matt'no? ,aniim1 c4 viii4 #ag47 ,"h ! (fice ( ! prie/hood & ev5 ( ! high prie/hood itself is put bel[ t ( ! rabbi or *a*am1 & ! int5tion ( ! ,rabb9i/s to exalt !mselves1 & _! utt] disreg>d = ! law ( ,moses & 8 comm&m5ts1 is especially app>5t4 ,! high prie/ 0 ! *ief p]son 9 ! :ole ,mosaic disp5sation4 ,)\t him ! blood ( ! (f]+ c\ld n be c>ri$ into ! holy ( holies on ! ,day ( ,atonem5t1 & yet ! oral law says1 t if he & an illegitimate *ild1 t is1 ! lea/ hon\r$ p]son 9 ,israel1 be bo? 9 captivity1 & ! latt] be ! disciple ( a rabbi1 he is to be r$eem$ fir/4 ,x is ne$less to add any fur!r pro( ( ! fact t ! comm& ( ,moses1 respect+ ! family ( ,levi1 is sy/ematically & int5tionally transgress$ by ! au?ors & adh]5ts ( ! oral law4 ,! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 h be5 ?ru/ out ( t (fice :i* ,god gave !m1 & o!rs h be5 made ! religi\s tea*]s ( ,israel :o h no "r at all to ?is appo9tm5t4 ,h[ !n c ! mod]n ,jews pret5d to be zeal\s = ! law ( ,moses8 ,!y are liv+ 9 pla9 & sy/ematic violation ( "o ( 8 pla9e/ comm&s4 ,x w n d to say t ! (fice ( rabbi is also ( div9e appo9tm5t4 ,an ass]tion :i* nullities a ,mosaic in/itution mu/ h ! mo/ unexceptionable evid5ce4 ,its pro( mu/ be at lea/ z cle> z ! orig9al appo9tm5t4 ,to p]suade any real lov] ( ! ,mosaic law t ! rabbies h a "r to ?ru/ out ! family ( ,levi f _! (fice1 & to take x ^u !mselves1 ! express decl>ation ( ,god is absolutely necess>y4 ,& if ! rabbies c\ld prove1 :i* !y _c1 t !y are ! lawful tea*]s ( ,israel1 x w\ld necess>ily foll[ t ! ,mosaic law has be5 *ang$1 & !n "o ( ! *ief dogmas ( mod]n ,judaism1 ! immutability ( ! ,mosaic law1 is entirely ov]?r[n4 ,:5 ,moses gave ! law ! prie/s 7 ! religi\s tea*]s ( ,israel4 ,s9ce ! dom9ion ( ! oral law1 n ! prie/s1 b ! rabbies h be5 ! tea*]s4 ,"h !n is an important1 yea1 an organic *ange 9 ! ,mosaic con/itution4 ,?is *ange !n is ei!r unlawful or lawful4 ,if x be unlawful1 !n ! rabbies h no "r to be ! tea*]s ( ,israel4 ,if x be lawful1 !n to *ange & alt] ! ,mosaic law is lawful1 & !n mod]n ,judaism1 :i* tea*es t !re c be no *ange1 is false4 ,?is is ! only alt]native :i* mod]n ,jews c adopt1--!y mu/ ei!r ma9ta9 ! immutability ( ! law at ! exp5se ( ! rabb9ic (fice1 or !y mu/ ass]t ! legitimacy ( ! rabb9ic (fice at ! exp5se ( ! law4 ,9 ei!r case ! oral law is convict$ ( tea*+ falsehood2 & 9 nei!r case c ! mod]n ,jews make a boa/ ( loyalty to ! law ( ,moses4 ,!y *>ge ,*ri/ians ) disreg>d+ & transgress+ ! ,mosaic law1 b let !m po9t out1 ev5 9 ! practice ( ,g5tile ,*ri/ians1 any "o app>5t transgression m he9\s ?an ! expulsion ( ! family ( ,levi f ! (fice to :i* ,moses appo9t$ !m4 ,! fact is notori\s4 ,?is family is e :]e neglect$ & 9 obscurity1 /ruggl+ ) ! c>es & bus9ess ( ! _w1 in/ead ( occupy+ ! /ation giv5 to !m by ,moses4 ,let all ! lov]s ( mod]n ,judaism consid] ?is fact1 & !n ask !mselves h[ !y c pret5d to be keep+ ! law ( ,moses8 ,let !m rememb] t !y h !mselves made a *ange 9 ! law by appo9t+ rabbies in/ead ( ! prie/s1 & t1 if !y def5d ?is *ange1 !y tea* ! v same doctr9e :i* !y blame 9 ,g5tile ,*ri/ians1 namely1 ! mutability & abrogation ( ! ,mosaic law4 ,( c\rse we d n mean to dictate to ,israel 9 ?is matt]4 ,if !y are consci5ti\sly p]suad$ t ! in/itutions ( ,moses h be5 abrogat$1 !y c !n consi/5tly ma9ta9 ! appo9tm5t ( rabbies1 b let !m give up _! common1 ?\gh mi/ak51 argum5t aga9/ ,*ri/ianity4 ,b if !y believe :at !y s commonly pr(ess1 t ! law ( ,moses is n1 & _c be abrogat$1 !n let !m act consi/5tly1 r5\nce ! oral law1 & re/ore ! family ( ,levi to ! (fice f :i* mod]n ,judaism has exclud$ !m = s _m c5turies4 ,to foll[ ! oral law1 & at ! same "t to obey ! writt5 law ( ,moses 9 ?is matt]1 is pla9ly impossible4 ,! oral law is = ! rabbies & ! ,*a*amim--! words ( ,moses are = ! family ( ,levi4 ,! ,jews may1 & ( c\rse w1 *oose z !y ?9k be/2 b1 if !y det]m9e ^u ma9ta9+ ! rabb9ical sy/em1 let !m n pret5d to be foll[]s ( ,moses4 ,let !m hone/ly confess t !y d n l ,moses & 8 laws1 & t !y pref] ! new & mod]n religion ( ! rabbies4 ,! subject is important to all ,israel1 b especially s to ! sons ( ,levi !mselves4 ,god gave !m ! important *>ge ( in/ruct+ ! h\se ( ,israel 9 8 laws1 are !y !n at lib]ty to resign _! sacr$ (fice into ! h&s ( o!rs8 ,has ,god disp5s$ !m f ob$i5ce to 8 comm&8 ,if s1 :at obligation re/s ^u !m to bless ! p8 ,by lift+ up _! h&s & bless+ ! p1 !y confess t _! (fice /ill cont9ues2 &1 if s1 ! obligation to p]=m all its duties cont9ues also4 ,ei!r ! law ( ,moses is abrogat$1 or ! prie/s are /ill ! appo9t$ religi\s tea*]s ( ,israel4 ,! prie/s h ! "s alt]native z ! p1 i4e41 ei!r to ass]t ! rights & p]=m ! duties ( _! prie/ly (fice1 or hone/ly to ackn[l$ge t !y d n believe 9 ,moses1 nor c>e = 8 religion1 b t _! religion is t ( ! rabbies4 ,! responsibility is h[ev] mu* heavi] on ! family ( ,levi ?an on ,israelites ( ano!r tribe4 ,to ! sons ( ,levi1 ,god committ$ ! hon\rable (fice ( in/ruct+ ,israel4 ,!y h be5 set z ! wat*m5 9 ,israel1 & are !re=e answ]able1 n only = _! own neglect1 b = ! error & de/ruction ( ! p4 ,x is !n high "t = !m to rememb] _! duty & ! zeal ( _! =efa!rs 9 extirpat+ error1 & to %[ !mselves wor?y ( _! high orig91 & ( _! div9e appo9tm5t1 by oppos+ ! errors ( ! oral law4 ,no4 ,,xli4 ,,rabb9ic ,,ideas ,,( ,,! ,,deity4 ,x is an indisputable fact1 t ! mod]n ,jews h entirely ca/ (f ! laws ( ,moses respect+ ! prie/s ( ! family ( ,levi1 & h *os5 & appo9t$ to !mselves o!r tea*]s1 ( :om ,moses says no?+4 ,:at ! cause 0 ( su* extraord9>y conduct 9 ^? :o pr(ess a great zeal = ! law ( ,moses1 we d n n[ pr(ess to inquire2 b we ?9k t e ,jew ought to h a v good reason = ?us wilfully1 sy/ematically1 & cont9ually transgress+ ! comm&m5ts ( ,god4 ,he ought1 at ! v lea/1 to be able to %[ t ! doctr9es ( ^! new tea*]s are f> sup]ior to ^? ( ! religi\s tea*]s appo9t$ by ,moses2 & t ! sup]abundant excell5ce & wisdom ( rabb9ic tea*+ does1 at lea/1 ju/ify ! *ange :i* !y h made 9 ! ,mosaic law4 ,we h _h occasion 9 ^! pap]s to consid] ! nature ( ! new doctr9e *os5 in/ead ( ! law ( ,moses1 & to u x c]ta9ly appe>s t 8,! ,old ,pa?s0 7 bett]4 ,to-day we propose to illu/rate ! rabb9ic notions ( ! ,deity1 & d n int5d by any means to select ! mo/ objectionable repres5tations conta9$ 9 ! rabb9ical writ+s1 b %all conf9e ourselves to a few well-kn[n passages1 :i* are int5d$ to expla9 to u ! mode 9 :i* ,god sp5ds 8 "t4 ,conc]n+ ! day1 ! rabbies say t x is sp5t 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,! day has twelve h\rs4 ,! fir/ ?ree1 ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 sits & occupies himself 9 ! law4 ,! second1 he sits & judges ! :ole _w4 ,:5 he p]ceives t ! _w des]ves utt] de/ruction1 ,he /&s up f ! ?rone ( judgm5t1 & sits on ! ?rone ( m]cy4 ,! ?ird1 he sits1 & fe$s all ! _w1 f ! horns ( ! unicorns to ! eggs ( ! v]m94 ,9 ! f\r?1 he sits & plays ) ,levia?an1 = x is said 7,psalm civ4 #bf7 #8,! ,levia?an :om ?\ ha/ =m$ to play !re)4'0 7,avodah ,z>ah1 fol4 iii41 col4 #b47 ,9 ano!r place we h an acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! night is sp5t3-- 8,rabbi ,eliez] says1 ,! night has ?ree wat*es1 & at e wat*1 ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 sits & ro>s l a lion1 = x is said1 #8,! ,"l %all ro> f on high1 & utt] 8 voice f 8 holy habitation3 ro>+ he %all ro> ^u 8 habitation4'0 7,j]4 xxv4 #cj47 ,& aga91 a little l[] d[n1 ! same ass]tion is made 9 ! "n ( two o!r rabbies1 & ! cause ( ,god's ro>+ assign$3-- 8,rabbi ,isaac1 ! son ( ,samuel1 says1 9 ! "n ( ,rav1 ,! night has ?ree wat*es1 & at e wat*1 ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 sits & ro>s l a lion1 & says1 ,woe is me t ,i h laid desolate my h\se1 & burn$ my sanctu>y1 & s5t my *ildr5 into captivity among/ ! nations ( ! _w40 7,b]a*o?1 fol4 iii41 col4 #a47 ,n[ we ask e reasonable man :e!r ?is is a repres5tation wor?y ( ! ,creator ( heav5 & e>?8 ,we are told "h1 fir/1 t ,god is l a man 9 obs]v+ day & night--t he has set times = diff]5t employm5ts1 & a "t = amusem5t4 ,we are told1 secondly1 t in/ead ( compreh5d+ all ?+s pa/1 pres5t1 & to come1 at all times1 & in/ead ( uphold+ all ?+s by ! cont9ual fiat ( 8 omnipot5t rule1 t he is oblig$ to consid] ea* ?+ 9 succession2 & t1 l a poor frail *ild ( man1 ,he c d only "o ?+ at a "t4 ,& ?irdly1 we are "h in=m$1 t ! ,div9e ,be+ sits all night1 & m\rns l a *ild1 ov] an act :i* he ra%ly committ$1 b n[ wi%es to h undone4 ,is ?is a fit repres5tation ( ,deity1 or is x awful blasphemy8 ,h[ diff]5t is ! description giv5 by ,moses--8,"l1 ?\ ha/ be5 our dwell+-place 9 all g5]ations4 ,be=e ! m\nta9s 7 br\ght =?1 or ev] ?\ had/ =m$ ! e>? & ! _w1 ev5 f ev]la/+ to ev]la/+1 ?\ art ,god4 ,a ?\s& ye>s 9 ?y sight are b z ye/]day :5 x is pa/1 & z a wat* 9 ! night0 7,ps4 xc4 #a-d72 & aga91 t o!r beautiful passage ( ! ,psalmi/1 8,( old ?\ ha/ laid ! f\ndations ( ! e>?2 & ! heav5s are ! "w ( ?y h&s4 ,!y %all p]i%1 b ?\ %alt endure2 yea all ( !m %all wax old l a g>m5t3 & z a ve/ure %alt ?\ *ange !m1 & !y %all be *ang$2 b ?\ art ! same1 & ?y ye>s %all h no end40 7,ps4 cii4 #be-bg47 ,9 bo? ^! passages1 un*angeabl5ess1 entire fre$om f all vicissitude & succession1 is pres5t$ to our view z ! prom95t feature 9 ! "* ( ,deity4 ,:]eas1 ! ,god :om ! rabbies describe1 is a be+ subject to ! same alt]ations z ourselves1 & liable to *ange1 9 its wor/ =m1 t is1 to t *ange ( w :i* ensues on disappo9t$ expectations4 ,!y say1 t _! ,god de/roy$ 8 temple & s5t 8 *ildr5 into captivity1 & t n[ he is v sorry = x1 & v5ts ! bitt]ness ( 8 grief 9 lam5tations comp>$ to ! ro>+ ( a lion4 ,su* a deity is no m l ! ,god ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 ?an ,j]oboam's calves4 ,he may n be a grav5 image1 b he is nev]!less an idol1 n inde$ ( gold or silv]1 b ( ! imag9ation4 ,no?+ c be m diff]5t ?an ! ,be+ describ$ by ! rabbies1 & t ,god decl>$ 9 ,moses & ! ,prophets4 ,& yet on ?is v po9t1 :]e ! oral law errs s griev\sly1 ,*ri/ianity ma9ta9s ! tru?4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t decl>es unto u ! same ,be+ reveal$ 9 ! ,old4 ,x says1 8,e good gift1 & e p]fect gift is f above1 & come? d[n f ! ,fa!r ( lights1 ) :om is no v>iabl5ess1 nei!r %ad[ ( turn+40 7,james i4 #ag47 ,b ! rabbies falsely ascribe to ,god n only v>iabl5ess1 b imp]fect k also4 ,!y say1 t ,he sp5ds a f\r? "p ( ! day 9 ! /udy ( ! law4 ,n[ ei!r ,god kn[s ! law1 or he does n4 ,if he does "k ! law1 !n /udy is useless2 & if he does n1 !n 8 k is imp]fect1 & ei!r supposition is altoge!r unwor?y ( ! ,deity4 ,inde$ x is v difficult to argue aga9/ a doctr9e s mon/r\s1 or to %[ ! full absurdity :]e ! subject is s grave & sacr$4 ,b we put x to ! good s5se ( e ,israelite1 & ask him :e!r he c believe t ! ,god ( k /udies 9 8 own law8 ,is n su* an ass]tion a blasphem\s falsehood1 & does x n %[ t ^? :o made x 7 !mselves utt]ly devoid ( all true k ( ,god8 ,"s p]sons endeav\r to excuse ?is blasphemy by say+ t ! words are n to be tak5 lit]ally1 & t ! rabbies employ$ ori5tal figures4 ,b ?is w n save ! cr$it ( ! oral law2 = if we admit ! figure1 we _c excuse ! blasphemy conta9$ 9 ! ass]tion1 t ,god /udies ! law "o f\r? ( e day4 ,no man t has any rev]5ce = 8 ,creator w\ld v5ture to use su* language1 n ev5 9 ! way ( a p>able4 ,x proves 9 e case t ^? rabbies 7 totally devoid ( t rev]5ce :i* is due to ,god1 & !re=e mo/ unfit tea*]s ( religion4 ,b1 fur!r1 if ^! passages be figurative1 :at is ! real s5se8 ,:at is meant by /udy+ 9 ! law1 or play+ ) ,levia?an1 or utt]+ compla9ts at ! beg9n+ ( e wat* 9 ! night2 or :at is int5d$ by ascrib+ to ,god "o sort ( employm5t 9 ! day & ! o!r 9 ! night8 ,x is n en\gh to say t ^! are all figures convey+ ! mo/ pr(\nd wisdom2 ?is ass]tion mu/ be prov$ by %[+ :at ?is wisdom is4 ,let ! ,rabb9i/s expla9 ^! figures satisfactorily1 & !y w !n h "s *ance ( be+ believ$1 ?\gh ev5 t w\ld n am\nt to a pro(1 t ! au?ors ( ^! passages int5d$ t !y %\ld be und]/ood my/ically4 ,x is a c]ta9 fact t _m ( ! rabbies h und]/ood ^! & simil> passages lit]ally4 ,9 ! comm5t>y on ! ass]tion1 8,t 9 ! second ?ree h\rs ,god sits & judges ! _w10 we are told1 t "s believ$ ?is s firmly z to ?9k t on ?is v acc\nt ! additional =m ( pray]1 call$ 1 0 prescrib$3-- 8,"s say1 t on ?is acc\nt ! words #8,let him turn f 8 place1' h be5 appo9t$ 9 ! sanctification ( ! ,musaph1 = ?is "p ( ! pray] g5]ally occurs 9 ! second ?ree h\rs1 :5 he is sitt+ 9 judgm5t1 & t we pray t he may turn f ! ?rone ( judgm5t1 & sit on ! ?rone ( m]cy40 ,^? :o held ?is op9ion pla9ly ?\ght1 t ! h\rs 7 lit]al h\rs1 & t ! di/ribution ( ! day into f\r diff]5t employm5ts 0 n figurative1 b real4 ,^! p]sons1 !re=e1 believ$ t ,god /udies 9 ! law1 t he plays ) ,levia?an1 & obs]ves ! di/9ction ( day & night4 ,& x mu/ be confess$ t1 if !y believ$ 9 ! ,talmud1 !y _h good reason = ?is lit]al int]pretation1 z ! correspond+ passage1 respect+ ,god's ro>+ l a lion at e wat* ( ! night1 _c be expla9$ figuratively1 if x be tak5 9 connexion ) its context4 ,! context conta9s a discussion ab\t real1 n figurative night-wat*es4 ,! "q propos$ by ! ,mi%na is1 ,until :at h\r ( ! night is x lawful to p]=m ! ev5+-read+ ( ! ,%'mah ,israel 7,he>1 ,o ,israel78 ,r4 ,eliez] says1 ,x is lawful until ! end ( ! fir/ wat*4 ,! ,gem>a !n consid]s :at ! rabbi c\ld mean by ?is def9ition-- 1 8,:at did ,r4 ,eliez] mean8 ,if he meant t ! night _h ?ree wat*es1 he ought to h said until ! f\r? h\r3 b if he meant t ! night has f\r wat*es1 he ought to h said until ! ?ird h\r4 ,!re c be no d\bt t he meant t ! night has ?ree wat*es1 & int5d$ to say1 t !re are wat*es 9 heav5 & wat*es ^u e>?1 = ! ,b>ei?a says1 c40----,& !n foll[s ! passage1 say+1 t 9 ea* wat* ,god ro>s l a lion4 ,x _c1 !n1 be pret5d$ t ! night-wat*es "h are figurative or my/ical4 ,x is expressly said t !re are ! same wat*es 9 heav5 & e>?1 & ! :ole "q is ab\t ! real di/ribution ( "t4 ,! foll[+ context is equally unequivocal4 ,r4 ,eliez]1 imm$iately aft] say+ t 9 ea* wat* ,god ro>s l a lion1 goes on to give ! signs :]eby ea* wat* may be recognis$ ev5 9 ! d>k3-- 1 1 8,! sign ( ! ?+ is--,9 ! fir/ wat* ! ass brays2 9 ! second wat* ! dogs b>k2 9 ! ?ird wat* ! infant sucks at its "m's brea/1 & ! wife talks ) h] husb&40 ,?is is pla9 matt]-(-fact way ( speak+1 & proves1 beyond a d\bt1 t ! :ole passage is to be tak5 lit]ally4 ,& if any d\bt at all rema9$1 x is entirely remov$1 a little l[] d[n on ! page1 by an anecdote told by ! v]aci\s ,r4 ,jose4 ,he says1 t he once w5t into "o ( ! ru9s ( ,j]usalem to pray1 & t :il/ he 0 engag$ 9 pray]1 ! prophet ,elijah came to ! entrance ( ! ru91 & v civilly wait$ = him until he _h conclud$1 :5 !y _h "s conv]sation toge!r4 ,among/ o!r p>ticul>s1 ,r4 ,jose relates z foll[s3-- 1 1 1 8,& he 7,elias7 said to me1 ,:at sort ( a voice did/ ?\ he> 9 ! ru98 ,i said to him1 ,i he>d a ,ba? ,kol coo+ l a dove1 & say+1 ,woe is me t ,i h desolat$ my h\se1 & burnt my sanctu>y1 & s5t my *ildr5 into captivity among/ ! nations4 ,& he said unto me1 ,z ?\ live/1 & ?y head live?1 x is n at ?is h\r only1 b ?ree times e day ! voice says ^! words4 ,& n only s1 b :5 ! ,israelites ent] ! synagogues1 & ! h\ses ( /udy1 & say1 #8,am51 may 8 great "n be bless$1' ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 %akes 8 head1 & says1 ,bless$ is ! ,k+ :o is prais$ 9 8 h\se2 b :at pr(it has ! fa!r :o s5ds 8 *ildr5 into captivity10 c4 ,"h we h ! te/imony ( ,r4 ,jose to ! tru? ( ! fact1 t ,god does ?us compla9 9 ! mann] describ$ above1 & we h ! ,prophet ,elijah swe>+ t ?is happ5s ?ree times e day4 ,x is pla91 !re=e1 t ! au?ors ( ! ,talmud knew ( no my/ical int]pretation & int5d$ none4 ,x 0 _! simple belief t ,god obs]v$ ! ?ree wat*es ( ! night1 & at ! beg9n+ ( ea* ro>$ l a lion4 ,& if ?is passage mu/ be tak5 lit]ally1 :y %\ld ! o!r passage respect+ ! di/ribution & employm5ts ( ! day be tak5 figuratively8 ,! lit]al int]pretation ( ! "o furni%es a /rong argum5t = ! lit]al int]pretation ( ! o!r4 ,& x is c]ta9ly ( no use to ascribe a my/ical s5se to ! "o1 :il/ ! o!r is int]pret$ lit]ally4 ,! advocates ( ! oral law ga9 no?+ by x1 = ! "o is n m absurd nor m unwor?y ( ! ,deity ?an ! o!r4 ,no?+ c exce$ ! folly ( repres5t+ ,god z obs]v+ ! night-wat*es1 & ro>+ l a lion = grief1 because he s5t ,israel into captivity4 ,no?+ c be m blasphem\s ?an ! ass]tion t ,god does n =esee ! results ( 8 own actions1 & t he is aft]w>ds oblig$ to sit d[n & m\rn ov] :at he has done4 ,?is "o passage1 :i* _c be expla9$ away1 is q suffici5t to %[ t ! rabbies 7 utt]ly ignorant ( ! nature ( ,god2 & t1 h[ev] !y might be acqua9t$ ) ! lett] ( ! ,law & ! ,prophets1 !y knew no?+ ( ! real mean+ ( _! writ+s4 ,?is "o excess ( folly & absurdity entirely ov]?r[s all ! claims & pret5sions ( ! oral law 9 :i* x is f\nd4 ,b !re is ano!r feature 9 ! passage :i* we _c pass )\t notice1 & t is1 ! total disreg>d ( tru? :i* x manife/s4 ,r4 ,jose's /ory is evid5tly a b>efac$ & wilful lie1 unless we say1 t :5 he w5t into ! ru9 to pray1 he fell asleep1 & dream$ t he he>d ! ,ba? ,kol & _h ?is conv]sation ) ,elijah2 b ei!r supposition w equally de/roy ! cr$it ( ! ,talmud4 ,if x be a lie1 x is "o ( ! mo/ pr(ane & wick$ lies t c be imag9$4 ,we h "h a pr(ess$ tea*] ( ! law tell+ n only a falsehood ab\t 8 int]c\rse ) ,elijah1 b d>+ falsely to ass]t t he he>d ! voice ( ,god m\rn+ ov] ! ru9s ( ! temple4 ,! mo/ pr(ane & wick$ lie t c be devis$ is t :i* introduces ,god himself1 & trifles ) ! sacr$ "* ( ! ,deity4 ,if ?is /ory be a lie1 x ov]sets ! ,talmud & ! ,talmudical religion at once4 ,a religion built ^u falsehoods1 mu/ itself be necess>ily false4 ,b if ! o!r supposition be adopt$1 t ,r4 ,jose mi/ook a dream = a reality1 :at %all we say ( a religion ^: tea*]s tell _! dreams z sacr$ tru?s8 ,& :at %all we say ( ! compil]s ( ! ,talmud1 :o 7 unable to detect ! folly & pr(anity ( ?is n>rative1 & actually ins]t$ x 9 _! oral law z an und\bt$ fact8 ,?is supposition may save ,r4 ,jose f ! unhappy "* ( a li>1 b x w n d mu* t[>ds prov+ ! tru? ( ! oral law2 = !re x is n giv5 z a dream1 b z a fact4 ,r4 ,jose 0 silly en\gh to tell 8 dream z a reality2 & ! rabbies to :om he told x 7 silly en\gh to believe2 & ! mo/ le>n$ m5 ( ! ,rabb9i/s at t "t 7 silly en\gh to embody x 9 _! collection ( holy & und\bt$ traditions4 ,we d n mean to ascribe any peculi> degree ( folly to ! rabbies4 ,p]sons call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians h be5 j z fooli%1 h believ$ /ories j z absurd1 & h h&$ !m d[n z religi\s tru?s4 ,b !n1 we d n receive ^! leg5ds z a "p & p>cel ( our religion4 ,we are z free to say ( !m1 z ( ! ,talmudic fables1 t !y are wick$ falsehoods4 ,b ! mod]n ,jews tell u t ! ,talmud is a div9e book--t x conta9s _! religion1 & t )\t x ,moses & ! ,prophets are un9telligible2 & !re=e we po9t out ^! fables z pla9 pro(s ( ! falsehood ( su* an ass]tion4 ,we wi% to direct ! ,jewi% att5tion to t sy/em :i* !y h call$ _! religion = ! la/ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 & :i* !y h pref]r$ to ,*ri/ianity4 ,we desire t !y %\ld consid] :at !y h ga9$1 by expell+ ! family ( ,levi f ! tea*]'s (fice & *oos+ ! rabbies z _! religi\s guides4 ,we ask e ,israelite ( common s5se1 :e!r ,r4 ,jose & 8 companions are tru/wor?y lead]s 9 ! way to salvation2 & :e!r !y are /ill prep>$ to foll[ ! religion ( a man :o c only be acquitt$ ( be+ a li> by admitt+ t he is a dream]8 ,or1 :e!r !y /ill *oose to wor%ip ! ,deity proclaim$ by ! rabbies--a ,deity subject to succession ( "t--imp]fect 9 k s z to require daily /udy--requir+ amusem5t1 & !re=e play+ = ?ree h\rs e day ) ,levia?an--& liable to disappo9tm5t1 s z to be oblig$ to sp5d ! night1 9 m\rn+ ov] "o ( 8 mo/ delib]ate & solemn acts8 ,we are sure t e ,israelite w\ld be sadly (f5d$ at be+ told1 t he does n wor%ip ! ,god ( 8 fa!rs1 b a /range god1 inv5t$ by ! imag9ation ( ! rabbles2 & yet1 if he wor%ip ! god ( ! ,talmud1 x is no?+ b ! tru?4 ,! god ( ! ,talmud is c]ta9ly n ! ,god ( ! ,bible4 ,israelites are (t5 %ock$ at ! folly & wick$ness ( ^? :om !y see fall+ d[n be=e /ocks & /ones2 & yet1 if !y receive ! oral law1 & believe an a ,deity :o plays ) ,levia?an1 c41 ! object ( _! wor%ip is n a :it m rational4 ,!y are j z guilty ( idolatry1 & ! only way 9 :i* !y c cle> !mselves f ! *>ge is1 by reject+ ! oral law1 & =sak+ t sup]/ition :i* ! rabbies h palm$ (f ^u !m z ! religion ( _! fa!rs4 ,x is a mo/ deplorable & melan*oly sight to behold t nation1 :i* once 0 ! sole depository ( tru?1 enslav$ by a sy/em s s5seless2 b x is m melan*oly /ill to ?9k1 t !re is n "o among h] sons :o has ! moral c\rage to d5\nce its falsehood1 & to v9dicate ! tru? z taught by ,moses4 ,! prie/s1 ! sons ( ,levi1 7 once zeal\s = ! hon\r ( ,god1 & unit$ ) ,moses 9 de/roy+ ! gold5 calf2 b :]e are !y n[1 & :]e is _! zeal8 ,alas6 !y too1 are f\nd among/ ! wor%ipp]s ( ! ,talmudical deity1 & uphold ! sy/em :i* has expell$ !m f _! holy (fice4 ,no4 ,,xlii4 ,,title ,,( ,,rabbi4 ,t ! p1 at pres5t scatt]$ ov] ! :ole _w1 & kn[n by ! "n ( ,jews1 are desc5dants ( ! *os5 p ( ,god1 we freely admit4 ,t ! ,old ,te/am5t conta9s prophecies ( _! future return to ! ,god & ! l& ( _! fa!rs1 & _! subsequ5t happ9ess & glory1 we firmly believe3 b1 t ! religion :i* !y at pres5t pr(ess is ! religion ( ,moses1 we confid5tly d5y4 ,mod]n ,judaism has n reta9$ ! doctr9es ( ,moses2 no n ev5 ) respect to ! fundam5tal article ( religion1 ! nature ( ,god4 ,our la/ numb] %[$ h[ widely ! rabbies h dep>t$ f ! ,scripture repres5tation ( ! div9e "*1 & ! numb] prec$+ prov$ t ! ,jews haw n reta9$ ev5 ! outw>d =m ( ! ,mosaic edifice4 ,inde$ we "k n any problem m difficult ( solution ?an1 to assign a reason1 :y ! rabb9ic ,jews pr(ess any respect at all = ,moses1 :5 !y h reject$ bo? ! =m & ! sub/ance ( 8 tea*+4 ,if !y boldly d5i$ 8 au?ority1 or ass]t$ t ! ,mosaic law 0 long s9ce abrogat$1 & ! rabb9ic precepts giv5 9 its /ead1 we c\ld1 at lea/1 give !m cr$it = consi/5cy2 b at pres5t we _c possibly div9e _! motives = pr(ess+ atta*m5t to ! lawgiv] ( _! =efa!rs4 ,_! conduct = ages w\ld appe> to indicate a fix$ det]m9ation to get rid & keep cle> ( e ?+ ,mosaic1 & t = ! m]e purpose ( hav+ some?+ else2 = no "o c pret5d1 t ! new law & ! new tea*]s1 t !y h *os51 c lay any claim to sup]ior excell5ce or antiquity4 ,( ! value ( ! rabb9ic tea*+ we h giv5 _m pro(s2 & n[ ?9k ( exam9+ a little ! novelty ( ! rabb9ic ord]4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ^w1 rabbi1 does n occur 9 ! law ( ,moses nor ! prophets2 x is1 !re=e1 cle>ly n ,mosaic4 ,?is "o fact does 9 itself g f> to %ake ! au?ority ( mod]n ,judaism & ! oral law4 ,!re we _c g a /ep )\t he>+ ( ! rabbies--,rabbi ,eliez] said ?is1 & ,rabbi ,b> ,b> ,*anah said t4 ,! :ole oral law is made up ( ! say+s ( ! rabbies1 & yet nei!r _! "n nor _! ord] 0 s mu* z kn[n to ,moses our ma/]4 ,! o!r fav\rite appellation ( ! ,talmudic doctors ,*a*am1 or wise man1 does inde$ occur1 & x appe>s f ! prophets1 t !re 7 "s ev5 9 _! "t :o laid exclusive claim to t epi!t1 b un=tunately ! prophets br+ aga9/ !m ! v same *>ge1 :i* we pref] aga9/ _! successors1 namely1 t !y _h =sak5 ! law ( ,moses3-- 1 8,h[ d ye say1 ,we are wise 7,*a*amim7 & ! law ( ! ,"l is ) u8 ,lo1 c]ta9ly 9 va9 made he x2 ! p5 ( ! scribes is 9 va94 ,! wise m5 7,*a*amim7 are a%am$4 ,!y are dismay$ & tak53 lo1 !y h reject$ ! ^w ( ! ,"l3 & :at wisdom is 9 !m80 7,j]4 viii4 #h1 #i47 ,! rabbies w sc>cely ackn[l$ge t !y h succe$$ ^! p]sons 9 _! (fice1 & yet if !y give up su* passages z ^!1 !y mu/ abdicate all claim to antiquity4 ,inde$ "s ( !m pla9ly ackn[l$ge t ! rabbies are a new ord] ( m51 & t ! ^w rabbi 0 n he>d ( until less ?an a c5tury be=e ! de/ruction ( ! second temple4 ,?us ! ,baal ,aru* says-- 1 1 1 8,! fir/ g5]ations1 :i* 7 v great1 did n require ! titles ( ,rabban1 or ,rabbi1 or ,rav1 :]e) to hon\r ! wise m5 ( ,babylon1 or ! wise m5 ( ! l& ( ,israel2 = behold ,hillel w5t1 up f ,babylon1 b ! title ( ,rabbi is n add$ to 8 "n4 ,!re 7 hon\rable p]sons among/ ! prophets1 = x is said1 #8,haggai ! prophet'--#8,ezra did n g up f ,babylon'--& at ! m5tion ( _! names ! title ( ,rabbi is n add$3 nei!r h we he>d t ?is 0 begun until ! pr9ces ,rabban ,gamaliel ! eld]1 & ,rabban ,simon 8 son1 :o 0 kill$ at ! de/ruction ( ! second temple1 & ,rabban ,johannan b5 ,zakkai1 :o 7 all pr9ces4 ,rabbi also began ) ^? :o 7 promot$ at ! same "t1 ,zadok & ,r4 ,eliez]1 ! son ( ,jacob1 & ! ?+ spread f ! disciples ( ,rabban ,johannan b5 ,zakkai onw>ds40 7,aru* 9 7 ,we ne$ n wond]1 !n1 t ,moses kn[s no?+ ( rabbies1 = "h is a pla9 confession1 t ! "n 0 nev] he>d ( until a few ye>s be=e ! la/ disp]sion4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be said1 t ! (fice itself exi/$1 ?\gh ! "n did n1 & ?is is 9 fact ass]t$ by ,rambam1 :5 he says3-- 1 1 1 8,moses our ma/] promot$ ,jo%ua ) 8 h&s2 = x is said1 #8& he laid 8 h&s ^u him1 & gave him a *>ge4' 7,numb4 xxvii4 #bc47 ,& 9 l mann] ) reg>d to ! sev5ty eld]s1 ,moses our ma/] promot$ !m1 & ! ,%e*9ah re/$ ^u !m2 & ^! eld]s promote o!rs1 & !y aga9 o!rs2 & ?us we h a succession ( promot$ p]sons1 until ! c\ncil ( ,jo%ua1 & until ! c\ncil ( ,moses our ma/]40 7,hil*o? ,sanh$r91 iv4 #a47 ,& s he tells u t-- 8,k+ ,david promot$ ?irty ?\s& p]sons 9 "o day40 ,accord+ to ?is /atem5t1 x w\ld appe> t !re _h be5 always a class ( p]sons qualifi$ to be tea*]s & judges1 & a pretty num]\s class too1 f ! "t ( ,moses2 b x is v extraord9>y t _! (fice %\ld h cont9u$ fifte5 hundr$ ye>s )\t a "n1 & t ! nation %\ld nev] h felt ! inconv5i5ce1 nor rem$i$ x until ! la/ few ye>s ( _! exi/5ce2 & x is m extraord9>y /ill t s l>ge & important a body %\ld nev] once be m5tion$ 9 ! law or ! prophets4 ,! l& mu/ p]fectly h sw>m$ ) !m4 ,?irty ?\s& w\ld h be5 a l>ge proportion to ! population ( ! l& ( ,israel2 b ,david made ?is numb] 9 "o day2 & we _c suppose t he ex]t$ 8 "r only once 9 8 life1 nor t all ! o!r doctors neglect$ ! duty ( rais+ up disciples2 & ! oral law tells u t be=e ! "t ( ,hillel e "o ?us promot$ _h ! "r ( promot+ o!rs3-- 1 8,at fir/ e promot$ p]son c\ld promote 8 disciples2 b ! wise m5 gave ! hon\r to ,hillel ! eld]1 & orda9$ t no man %\ld promote except by p]mission ( ! pr9ce 7! ,nasi740 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! numb] mu/ h be5 v great2 & yet t !y %\ld h cont9u$ s long )\t a "n1 & )\t any m5tion :atev] by any ( ! inspir$ writ]s1 is p]fectly incr$ible4 ,b !re are 9 ! acc\nt itself v>i\s p>ticul>s :i* excite suspicion4 ,david's ext5sive "w ( promotion 9 "o day entirely exce$s ! limits ( probability1 no matt] h[ ! promotion took place1 :e!r by lay+ on ( h&s1 or by comm&1 or by lett]3 = if we grant t he devot$ ! entire f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs ( t day to ! "w1 /ill1 9 ord] to make up ! numb] ( ?irty ?\s&1 x w be necess>y to believe t he promot$ at ! rate ( twelve hundr$ & fifty an h\r1 or tw5ty 9 e m9ute4 ,"o su* notori\s untru? discr$its ! :ole acc\nt 9 :i* x is f\nd4 ,b1 f>!r1 ! admission t ! "r ( conf]r+ ! dignity ( doctor 0 tak5 f ^? :o _h possess$ x1 & re/rict$ to ^? :o obta9$ p]mission f ! pr9ce1 %[s t ! ord9ance ( promotion 0 n d]iv$ f ,moses1 b 0 an inv5tion ( m54 ,if x _h be5 ( ,moses1 ! wise m5 c\ld h _h no au?ority to take x away1 nei!r is x at all likely t ! num]\s possessors ( ! "r1 & lea/ ( all1 ! disciples ( ,%ammai1 w\ld h quietly resign$ x4 ,we mu/ suppose ei!r t ! wise m5 alt]$ an ord9ance ( ,moses1 & !reby committ$ a great s91 or t ! ord9ance ( promotion 0 a m]e human inv5tion4 ,by ! latt] supposition ! :ole /ory ( ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ?is class ( doctors is giv5 up2 & by ! =m] supposition ! *>ge ( disreg>d = ! law ( ,moses is fix$ ^u ! wise m51 & ! value ( _! te/imony tak5 away4 ,la/ly1 ! acc\nt ( ! mann] ( promotion is at v>iance ) ! above-quot$ ass]tion ( ! ,baal ,aru*4 ,! oral law1 says t ! doctors 7 promot$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- 1 8,!y n only laid _! h&s ^u ! head ( ! eld]1 b also salut$ him ) ! title1 ,rabbi1 & said to him1 ,behold ?\ art prompt$1 & ha/ au?ority to judge1 ev5 9 cases ( mulct40 ,"h ! conf]r+ ! title ( ,rabbi is made an integral "p ( ! act ( promotion1 :]eas ! ,baal ,aru* says t ! title ( ,rabbi 0 n 9 use until aft] ! "t ( ,hillel4 ,! ass]tion1 !re=e1 t ! (fice ( ,rabbi exi/$ )\t ! "n1 ev5 f ! "t ( ,moses1 is n only unsupport$ by any pro( f ! inspir$ writ+s1 b is inconsi/5t ) o!r ass]tions ( ! rabbies !mselves2 & is1 besides1 f\nd v close to a palpable untru?1 & is !re=e unwor?y ( cr$it4 ,?us ! antiquity ( ! rabb9ic (fice is de/roy$1 & appe>s to be a comp>atively new inv5tion3 s t ^? :o pr(ess ! religion ( ! rabbies _c pret5d to h ! religion ( ,moses or ( _! =efa!rs1 b t ( a new set ( tea*]s1 :o did n arise until a v few ye>s be=e ! de/ruction ( ! second temple4 ,"o ( ! common objections ( mod]n ,jews aga9/ ,*ri/ianity is1 its novelty4 ,!y say t we h got a new religion1 :]eas !y h ! anci5t religion2 t we foll[ a new tea*]1 b t !y foll[ ,moses4 ,! =ego+ exam9ation %[s h[ little gr\nd !y h = su* a boa/4 ,if novelty be a valid objection1 !y mu/ confess t ! religion ( ! rabbies is false4 ,if ! di/ance ( "t t elaps$ betwe5 ,moses & ,jesus ( ,naz>e? con/itute a fair gr\nd ( objection1 x is z valid aga9/ ! rabbies z aga9/ ! ,"l ,jesus4 ,nay1 if suppos$ novelty be ! reason :y !y reject ,*ri/ianity1 !y mu/ n[ reject ! religion ( ! rabbies1 & embrace t ( ,*ri/4 ,we h prov$ t ! religion ( ! rabbies is a novelty1 & e "o kn[s t "o peculi> feature 9 ! tea*+ ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 01 t he oppos$ ! rabb9ic doctr9es1 t is1 he oppos$ novelty3 ?is opposition1 !re=e1 is presumptive evid5ce t ! ,"l ,jesus reta9$ ! anci5t religion1 & has on t v acc\nt a claim ^u all ^? :o pr(ess to v5]ate antiquity4 ,at all ev5ts ! *>ge ( novelty c be z fairly urg$ aga9/ ,rabb9ism z aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 & e ,jew :o urges x1 is1 if he be 9 e>ne/ ab\t tru?1 b\nd to comp>e ,*ri/ianity ) ! law & ! prophets1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r x be a new religion or n4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 t ! ord9ances ( no religion c be f>!r f ! ,mosaic appo9tm5t ?an ^? ( ,rabb9ism4 ,! ,rabb9i/s h reject$ ! religi\s tea*]s appo9t$ by ,moses1 & h *os5 o!rs1 :o _c pret5d ev5 to any degree ( antiquity2 & n only s1 b ev5 :5 ! possibility ( hav+ regul>ly appo9t$ rabbies ceas$1 !y pref]r$ ^?1 :o 9 fact h no au?ority at all1 to ^? tea*]s appo9t$ 9 ! law4 ,! oral law makes promotion necess>y to ! ex]cise ( ! rabb9ical (fice1 & limits ! c]emony ( promotion by two conditions1 fir/1 t x be conf]r$ ) ! cons5t ( ! 1 z we h se5 above1 &1 secondly1 t x be p]=m$ 9 ! l& ( ,israel3-- 1 8,eld]s are n promot$ any:]e1 except 9 ! l& ( ,israel2 ev5 al?\gh ! promot]s %\ld h be5 promot$ !re !mselves4 ,yea1 ?\gh ! p]sons conf]r+ ! promotion be 9 ! l&1 if ! p]son to be promot$ be outside ! l&1 ! promotion is n to take place40 ,n[ x is pla9 t ^! conditions _c be fulfill$4 ,! great majority ( ! pres5t rabbies h nev] be5 9 ! l& ( ,israel2 & ev5 if !y _h be51 !re has n be5 a pr9ce = _m a c5tury4 ,= c5turies1 !re=e1 !re has n be5 a rabbi promot$ to ! (fice z ! oral law requires2 & yet ! ,jews1 r ?an h ! prie/s1 ! sons ( ,levi1 /ill keep up ! %ad[ ( ! rabb9ical (fice4 ,a m det]m9$ opposition to ! in/itutions ( ,moses _c be imag9$4 ,fir/1 ! ,jewi% p reject$ ! ord9ance ( ,moses1 & devis$ an ord] ( tea*]s ( _! own1 limit$ by c]ta9 conditions4 ,!n ,god1 9 great m]cy1 made ! fulfilm5t ( ^? conditions impossible4 ,he took away ! pr9ce1 he drove !m out ( ! l& ( ,israel1 to give !m1 z x 71 an opportunity1 yea1 to compel !m to return to 8 own appo9tm5t3 b 9 va94 ,al?\gh ! ,jews _c fulfil ! conditions ( _! own devis+1 & c\ld fulfil ,god's appo9tm5t1 !y refuse ! latt]1 & h inv5t$ some?+ new] /ill1 & t is1 an ord] ( religi\s tea*]s1 :o h n ev5 ! qualifications requir$ by ! oral law4 ,truly ?is is to transgress1 = ! m]e sake ( transgress+4 ,h[1 !n1 c ! ,jews pret5d to be disciples ( ,moses1 or ass]t t ! ,mosaic law is un*angeable8 ,n[1 = ne> two ?\s& ye>s !y h liv$ 9 disob$i5ce to "o ( ,moses' simple/ comm&m5ts1 & h *ang$ "o ( ! ess5tial in/itutions ( ! law4 ,! mo/ sup]ficial read] ( ! writ+s ( ,moses mu/ see1 t a *>ge ( prime importance 0 assign$ to ! family ( ,levi1 n only z respect$ ! m9i/ration 9 ! temple1 b also ) reg>d to ! in/ruction ( ! p4 ,god 9 ,8 provid5ce has depriv$ !m ( ! =m]4 ,! ,jews !mselves1 by reject+ ! comm&s ( ,moses1 h tak5 away ! latt] (fice1 & ?us h de/roy$ n only ! int]ior1 b actually demoli%$ ! ext]nal =m ( ! ,mosaic edifice4 ,x is1 !re=e1 z we h said1 a mo/ difficult problem to acc\nt = ! pr(ession :i* mod]n ,jews make ( zeal = ! law ( ,moses1 & "o :i* well des]ves ! consid]ation ( ! ,jews !mselves4 ,:y %\ld !y pr(ess to be disciples ( ,moses1 :5 !y op5ly trample ^u 8 comm&s1 & reject bo? ! sub/ance & ! =m ( 8 religion8 ,if !y really believe t ob$i5ce to ! law ( ,moses is necess>y to salvation1 !y ought in/antly to re9/ate ! family ( ,levi 9 _! (fice4 ,b if !y pref] ! new religion ( ! rabbies to ! old religion ( ,moses1 !n !y ought hone/ly to say s2 & n g on halt+ betwe5 two op9ions4 ,& !y ought to d ?is1 n m]ely to avoid ! *>ge ( inconsi/5cy be=e m51 b to satisfy _! own consci5ces be=e ,god4 ,h[ c any man reasonably hope to be sav$ by a religion ^: comm&s he con/antly transgresses1 & nev] int5ds to obey8 ,& yet ?is is exactly ! case ) ! ,rabb9i/s ) reg>d to ! law ( ,moses4 ,!re h be5 attempts at re=m among/ ! ,jews1 b we h nev] he>d ( any :o int5d$ to re/ore ! family ( ,levi to _! (fice2 & yet1 )\t ?is1 !re is no return to ! ,mosaic in/itutions4 ,a disciple ( ! rabbies may p]haps ?9k1 t he c retort ?is argum5t ^u ! ,*ri/ians1 & say t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 n ( ! tribe ( ,levi4 ,c]ta9ly he 0 n2 b z ! ,messiah1 ! prophets =etold t he 0 to be ( ! tribe ( ,judah3 & z ! ,messiah1 promis$ & appo9t$ ( ,god1 he has a "r to ! ob$i5ce ( all1 bo? ,jew & ,g5tile4 ,if he _h be5 only an ord9>y prophet1 he w\ld h _h a div9e "r to tea* ! p & to require _! ob$i5ce2 =1 besides ! prie/s1 ,god also appo9t$ prophets1 b to ! prophetic (fice ! rabbies d n lay claim4 ,! ,"l ,jesus1 on ! contr>y1 claim$ n only ! prophetic "*1 b ass]t$ t he 0 ! ,messiah1 & prov$ ! tru? ( 8 claims by exhibit+ miracul\s p[]s1 & especially by 8 resurrection f ! dead4 ,z a prophet1 !re=e1 & above all1 z ! ,messiah1 8 tea*+ 9 no wise int]f]$ ) ! (fice ( ! prie/s3 & 8 conduct1 z record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 %[s t1 ?\gh 9 det]m9$ & con/ant opposition to ! ,ph>isees1 ! advocates ( ! oral law1 he nev] lift$ up 8 voice aga9/ ! (fice ( ! prie/hood4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 occasion (f]$1 he %[$ a scrupul\s reg>d = ! comm&m5ts ( ,moses respect+ ! prie/s2 z = in/ance :5 he heal$ ! lep]1 he 8said onto him1 ,see ?\ tell no man2 b g ?y way1 %[ ?yself to ! prie/s1 & (f] ! gift t ,moses comm&$1 = a te/imony unto !m40 7,matt4 viii4 #d47 ,& ?is conduct is p]fectly con=mable to "o pr(ess$ object ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 :i* 0 to v9dicate ! au?ority ( ! law aga9/ ! unau?oriz$ additions ( m54 ,he pr(ess$ himself ! def5d] ( ! ,mosaic law1 & oppos$ ! :ole sy/em ( ! ,rabb9i/s1 on ! pr(ess$ gr\nd t !y made x void by _! traditions4 ,! objections1 !re=e1 :i* we h br\ght aga9/ ! oral law1 z ov]turn+ ! in/itutions ( ,moses1 _c be appli$ to ! doctr9es or conduct ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he nev] oppos$ ! prie/s1 nev] int]f]$ ) _! (fice1 nev] dim9i%$ aught f _! au?ority4 ,9 ^! mo/ important respects1 ! doctr9e ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? is necess>ily m agreeable to ! law ( ,moses ?an ! traditions ( ! ,ph>isees1 :o h =cibly alt]$ t great in/itution ( ,moses1 ! ,levitic prie/hood1 & h !mselves usurp$ ! (fice & ! rights ( ! prie/s4 ,mod]n ,judaism is directly 9 opposition to ! ,mosaic law1 & has at pres5t no excuse = its opposition4 ,! ,jews ( ! disp]sion _c possibly keep its requirem5ts conc]n+ ! promotion ( rabbies2 _! adh]5ce1 !re=e1 to t sy/em has n[ ! appe>ance ( m]e gratuit\s & wilful hatr$ to ! law ( ,moses4 ,!y pr(ess to "k ! family ( ! prie/s1 & c\ld !re=e re/ore !m to _! (fice1 if !y pleas$4 ,:at is !re to prev5t !m8 ,no?+ b ! want ( love = ,moses & 8 in/itutions4 ,we are conv9c$ t _m ( ! ,jews h nev] consid]$ ?is matt]1 or !y w\ld n act z !y d4 ,! habits ( ?\ght induc$ by e>ly education1 ! cu/oms ( _! nation = two ?\s& ye>s1 h drawn a sort ( veil ov] _! und]/&+s1 s t !y h n be5 able to see ! palpable inconsi/5cy ( pr(ess+ a zeal = ,moses1 :il/ !y d homage to pr9ciples :i* cut up 8 in/itutions by ! roots4 ,until ! prie/s be re9/at$ 9 _! functions & _! rights1 z ! div9ely appo9t$ tea*]s ( religion1 ! ,jews c h no gr\nd :atev] to pret5d t !y are disciples ( ,moses4 ,!y are1 at pres5t1 no?+ b p>tisans ( ! sect ( ! ,rabb9i/s4 ,& if !y *oose to p]sev]e 9 _! atta*m5t to ?is sect1 !y are b\nd1 z hone/ m51 to r5\nce all pr(ession ( reg>d = ! law ( ,moses4 ,no4 ,,xliii4 ,,sanh$r94 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,jews _c appeal to ! law ( ! prophets to def5d _! rejection ( ! old religion ( ,moses1 & _! pref]5ce = ! new religion ( ! rabbies4 ,nei!r ,moses nor ! prophets knew any?+ ab\t ! rabbies4 ,!y are q a new ord] ( m51 nev] he>d ( until ! ,jewi% polity 0 tott]+ to its de/ruction4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r argum5t to :i* !y might appeal1 9 ord] to ju/ify ! reception ( new religi\s tea*]s1 & t is1 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,sanh$r94 ,x may be said1 t :5 ! rabbies arose & taught1 bo? !y & _! doctr9es 7 approv$ by ?is great c\ncil1 & t ?is approval is suffici5t to e/abli% ! ju/ice ( _! claims1 & ! tru? ( :at !y taught4 ,inde$1 ! rabb9i/s d actually look ^u ! ,sanh$r9 z ! great f\ndation on :i* ! oral law re/s3-- 1 8,! ,great ,c\ncil 9 ,j]usalem is ! f\ndation-/one ( ! oral law1 & ! pill>s ( ! doctr9e3 & f !m ! /atute & ! judgm5t goes =? to all ,israel4 ,!y h ! w>rant ( ! law1 = x is said1 #8,accord+ to ! s5t5ce ( ! law :i* !y %all tea* !e1' c4 7,deut4 xvii4 #aa72 :i* is an affirmative precept1 & e "o :o believes 9 ,moses our ma/]1 & 9 8 law1 is b\nd to re/ ! practice ( ! law on !m1 & to lean on !m40 7,hil*o? ,mamrim1 c4 i4 #a47 ,"h ! indisp5sable duty ( e ,israelite to foll[ ! decisions ( ! ,sanh$r9 is pla9ly ass]t$3 x becomes1 !n1 absolutely necess>y = u to exam9e into ! nature ( ! f\ndation on :i* claims s unlimit$ are bas$4 ,"o w\ld suppose t1 at ! v lea/1 ! ,sanh$r9 0 infallible1 & c\ld nev] say or d any?+ wrong2 = if ?is c\ncil 0 liable to error1 & yet undeviat+ ob$i5ce to its decisions requir$1 :5ev] !y w5t wrong1 all ,israel mu/ h gone wrong also4 ,b yet1 /range to say1 ! infallibility ( ! ,sanh$r9 is n only n ass]t$1 b pla9ly d5i$--yea1 ! possibility ( error unequivocally intimat$1 & ev5 provid$ =3-- 1 1 1 1 8,:5 a great c\ncil has decid$ by "o ( ! rules1 & accord+ to ! be/ ( _! judgm5t1 t ! judgm5t is s & s1 & has pass$ s5t5ce2 if !re arise aft] !m ano!r c\ncil ( a contr>y op9ion1 ! latt] may rev]se ! s5t5ce1 & pass ano!r accord+ to ! be/ ( _! judgm5t1 = x is said1 #8,unto ! judge t %all be 9 ^? days' 7,deut4 xvii4 #i72 ?\ art1 !re=e1 n b\nd to foll[ any o!r b ! exi/+ c\ncil4 ,b if a c\ncil decree a decree1 or orda9 an ord9ance1 or sanction a cu/om1 & ! ?+ has spread 9 all ,israel2 & !re arise aft] !m ano!r c\ncil1 :i* wi%es to abrogate ! =m] ?+s1 & to root out t ord9ance1 decree1 or cu/om1 x is n p]mitt$1 unless !y excel ! =m] 9 wisdom & 9 numb]40 7,ibid4 c4 ii4 #a1 #b47 ,accord+ to ?is doctr9e ! ,sanh$r9 9 "o g5]ation may tea* "o doctr9e1 & 9 ! next g5]ation ano!r ,sanh$r9 may abrogate all ! legislative acts ( ! =m]1 & tea* ano!r doctr9e1 & yet1 ?\gh "o ( ! two mu/ necess>ily be 9 ! wrong1 ,israel is b\nd to obey bo?2 & ?us ! law is made to sanction disob$i5ce to itself4 ,nay1 m1 ! w ( ,god is made actually to dep5d ^u ! wit & ! w ( man4 ,in/ead ( be+ et]nal & un*angeable tru?1 x mu/ v>y ) ea* succe$+ g5]ation1 s t :at 0 tru? to a fa!r1 might be falsehood to 8 son2 & e new ,sanh$r9 w\ld1 9 fact1 h ! p[] to make a new law4 ,h[1 !n1 c ! ,jews pret5d t ! ,mosaic law is un*angeable8 ,"h x is ass]t$1 t ! ,jews are to receive1 z ! law ( ,moses1 :atev] ! ,sanh$r9 may ?9k "r to tea*--& t e new ,sanh$r9 may ov]turn ! doctr9es ( _! pr$ecessors1 & tea* ! v opposite2 s t in/ead ( be+ et]nal1 ! law w\ld be "o ( ! mo/ *angeable ?+s 9 ! _w1 & might nev] la/ ! same = ev5 two g5]ations4 ,b h[ c any man possibly believe1 t a comm& s prepo/]\s %\ld come f ,god1 or t he w\ld deliv] ov] 8 p ,israel1 b\nd h& & foot1 into ! p[] ( sev5ty-"o p]sons1 & require unconditional ob$i5ce1 no matt] :e!r ^! p]sons 7 9 ! "r or 9 ! wrong8 ,pret5sions s extravagant ju/ly excite suspicion1 & entirely de/roy ! cr$it ( ^? t make !m4 ,!y betray an inord9ate lu/ ( p[]1 & sav\r f> m /rongly ( ambition ?an piety4 ,x 0 no d\bt v conv5i5t = ! memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r9 to be able to rev]se ! decisions ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,on ^! t]ms1 ! law c\ld nev] /& 9 ! way ( _! own s*emes4 ,no matt] h[ x _h be5 expla9$ or und]/ood be=e1 !y _h ! p[] ( giv+ a new int]pretation to suit _! own purpose4 ,x is truly wond]ful h[ ! ,jews c suff] !mselves to be delud$ by an impo/ure s exce$+ly co>se4 ,a *ild ought to be able to see1 t ,god c\ld nev] require a man to r5\nce 8 und]/&+1 & to receive two direct contradictions z true4 ,! manife/ absurdity ( ?is doctr9e is suffici5t to prove t ! passage cit$ f ,deut4 xvii4 is mis9t]pret$ & misappli$2 & a little consid]ation w %[ t x does n ref] to ! ,sanh$r9 at all4 ,9 ! fir/ place !re is no m5tion ( t c\ncil1 nor any ?+ t ev5 implies a ref]5ce to su* a body4 ,! comm& ( ,god is1 8,?\ %alt come unto ! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 & unto ! judge t %all be 9 ^? days1 & inquire40 ,x is n said to ! judges1 b to ! judge 4 ,to ^!1 & n to ! ,sanh$r91 ,moses requires absolute ob$i5ce1 & t = a j & suffici5t reason1 because1 z we h %[n 9 ,numb] #b1 !y _h ! means ( obta9+ an infallible answ] by means ( ! ,urim & ,?ummim4 ,x 0 ! privilege ( ,israel to be able to ask c\nsel imm$iately ( ,god2 & x 0 !re=e only rational to expect unconditional ob$i5ce to ! comm& ( ! ,almighty4 ,su* decisions 7 absolutely un*angeable z ,god himself1 = 8,he is n a man t he %\ld lie1 nor ! son ( man t ,he %\ld rep5t20 & no man 9 8 s5ses w\ld h ?\ght ( gett+ a s5t5ce ( ?is k9d rev]s$4 ,^! words c !re=e by no means apply to a tribunal fallible 9 judgm5t1 & z *angeable 9 its op9ions z 9 ! p]sons ( :i* x 0 compos$3 b if ?is passage does n apply1 !re is no o!r 9 ! ,bible :i* requires u to receive ! decision ( ! ,sanh$r9 z ( div9e au?ority1 nor 9 ! oral law ei!r1 = x supposes t ?is c\ncil 0 capable ( mi/ake4 ,consequ5tly1 ! ,sanh$r9's approval ( ! new ord] & new religion ( ! rabbies is ( no weight :atev]4 ,! ,bible does n comm& u to believe t !y 7 always 9 ! "r2 & !y !mselves tell u t !y might be 9 ! wrong1 & !re=e might be 9 ! wrong 9 _! approval ( ! rabbies4 ,b ! tru? is1 t nei!r ! ,bible nor hi/ory gives u any w>rant :atev] = reg>d+ ! ,sanh$r9 z a ,mosaic in/itution4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is nev] once m5tion$ ei!r 9 ! ,law or 9 ! ,prophets4 ,! ^w ,sanh$r9 is ,greek1 & s f> z x goes w\ld lead u to suppose t ?is tribunal 0 n in/itut$ until "s "t aft] ! build+ ( ! second temple1 & aft] ! ,greek occupation ( ! l&1 :5 ! ,jews _h become acqua9t$ ) ! ,greek language4 ,?is ,greek ^w w\ld lead u ev5 to suppose t ! ,sanh$r9 0 in/itut$ by ! ,greek rul]s1 & t !y gave ! tribunal its "n4 ,if x _h be5 an old ,mosaic in/itution1 ! ,jews !mselves1 :o hat$ ! ,greeks1 & t ) good reason1 w\ld nev] h giv5 x a ,greek "n3 & ev5 if ! ,greeks _h assign$ ?is "n to a ,jewi% tribunal1 :i* _h previ\sly exi/$1 ! ,jews w\ld n h adopt$ x4 ,x is true t !re is also a ,hebrew "n = ?is tribunal1 1 8,! great h\se ( judgm5t10 b if ?is _h be5 ! orig9al "n1 x is n at all likely t ! ,greek "n w\ld h supplant$ x2 :]eas if x 0 a ,greek in/itution1 & !re=e _h a ,greek "n1 x is n to be wond]$ at t t "n %\ld h obta9$ g5]al curr5cy1 or t x %\ld also be translat$ into ,hebrew4 ,! ,hebrew "n w n d m ?an ! ,greek to prove ! antiquity ( ! tribunal1 = x nev] once occurs 9 ! ,bible1 & x w\ld be v /range1 if ?is c\ncil _h exi/$ f ! "t ( ,moses1 t x %\ld nev] once be m5tion$4 ,! ,high ,c\rt ( ,p>liam5t does n hold a m important place 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is c\ntry1 ?an ! ,sanh$r9 mu/ h done 9 ! hi/ory ( ,israel1 if x _h really exi/$3 h[ !n are we to acc\nt = ! fact1 t nei!r ! hi/orians nor ! prophets ( ,israel ev] make ! mo/ di/ant allusion to its be+8 ,if ! rabbies speak tru?1 ! prophets1 ! high prie/s1 & ! k+s ( ,israel1 7 m]e ciph]s comp>$ ) ! ,sanh$r91 = x _h supreme p[] ov] !m all1 & c\ld try1 condemn1 & execute !m1 & yet !y are m5tion$ aga9 & aga91 & ! ,sanh$r9 pass$ by 9 my/]i\s sil5ce6 ,!re are two books ( ,k+s1 & two ( ,*ronicles1 relat+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,royal rul]s ( ,israel1 b ! ,supreme ,c\ncil ( ! nation1 ! rul]s ( k+s & prie/s1 ! f\ndation-/one ( ! law1 ! pill> ( religion1 h nev] obta9$ ev5 a casual notice6 ,is ?is at all probable8 ,w\ld x be possible to write a hi/ory ( ! ,briti% ,con/itution )\t ev] once m5tion+ ! exi/5ce ( ! ,p>liam5t8 ,& yet ?is is :at has happ5$1 accord+ to ! rabbies to ! ess5tial feature ( ! ,con/itution ( ,israel4 ,nei!r ! lawgiv]1 nor ! hi/orians1 nor ! prophets1 h said "o ^w ab\t x4 ,! rabbies h felt ! necessity ( f9d+ some?+ or o!r 9 ! writt5 law1 t w\ld look l ! recognition ( ! ,sanh$r91 & h !re=e fix$ on two passages :i* !y ?9k w s]ve _! cause4 ,"o is t to :i* we h already allud$1 8,?\ %alt come unto ! prie/s ! ,levites1 & unto ! judge t %all be 9 ^? days40 7,deut4 xvii4 #i47 ,we h already said suffici5t to %[ t ?is passage is totally irrelevant1 & n[ add "o rem>k m1 :i* is 9 itself decisive1 & t is1 t ! con/itution ( ! ,sanh$r91 z describ$ 9 ! oral law1 is altoge!r at v>iance ) ! conditions laid d[n 9 ?is passage4 ,! oral law says-- 8,! comm& is1 t !re %\ld be 9 ! great ,sanh$r91 prie/s & ,levites1 = x is said1 #8,?\ %alt come to ! prie/s1 ! ,levites4' ,b if !y f9d none1 yea1 ?\gh !y be all m]e ,israelites1 ?is is lawful40 7,hil*o? ,sanh$r91 c4 ii4 #b47 ,accord+ to ?is ! ,sanh$r9 0 to consi/ ( ?ree di/9ct classes1 prie/s1 ,levites1 & ,israelites2 b ,moses does n say "o ^w ( ! ,levites1 z di/+ui%$ f ! prie/s4 ,8 words are1 8,?\ %alt come to ! prie/s1 ! ,levites40 ,he does n say1 8,! prie/s & ! ,levites20 b simply1 8,! prie/s1 ! ,levites20 f :i* x is pla9 t he 0 speak+ only ( t "o class ( ! sons ( ,levi1 :o _h ! (fice ( ! prie/hood2 b n ( t o!r class1 ^: only title 0 8,! ,levites40 ,?is is ! fir/ diff]5ce4 ,! second is l x1 inasmu* z x is also an unau?oriz$ addition1 & t is1 t !re %\ld be ,israelites memb]s ( ?is c\ncil1 ( :om ,moses does n say "o ^w m ?an he does ( ! ,levites4 ,besides ! prie/s1 ,moses m5tions none b ! judge 1 n ! judges1 s t if ! judge 0 an ,israelite1 !re c\ld at ! v mo/ be only "o ,israelite among/ ^? :om ,moses appo9ts z ! highe/ c\rt ( appeal 9 ,israel4 ,b if ! judge 0 himself a prie/1 !n !re 0 n ev5 "o ,israelite2 b ! c\rt 0 compos$ exclusively ( prie/s4 ,?is c\rt _c1 !re=e1 be ! same z ! ,sanh$r91 :i* 0 to be compos$ ( all ! ?ree classes4 ,?irdly1 ! oral law says1 ,t ?\gh ! ,sanh$r9 %\ld n reckon "o prie/ among/ its memb]s1 b %\ld consi/ entirely ( ,israelites1 t /ill x is lawful2 ?is c\rt c1 !re=e1 nev] be ! same z t ( :i* ,moses says1 8,?\ %alt come to ! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 & to ! judge40 ,! c\rt :i* ! rabbies h appo9t$ might n h ev5 "o prie/1 & yet !y ask u to believe t ?is is id5tical ) t1 :i*1 accord+ to ! appo9tm5t ( ,moses1 c\ld nev] h m ?an "o ,israelite1 b might1 & 9 ! days ( ,eli actually did1 consi/ exclusively ( prie/s4 ,truly ! rabbies mu/ h calculat$ ^u disciples ) a mo/ inord9ate measure ( cr$ulity4 ,! man t w\ld believe ?is1 w\ld believe t black is :ite2 or z ,ra%i says1 t 8 "r h& is ! left1 & 8 left h& ! "r4 ,& ?is is really :at mod]n ,judaism expects1 & absolutely comm&s 9 s _m words4 ,9 ,ra%i's comm5t>y on ! words 8,?\ %alt n decl9e f ! s5t5ce :i* !y %all %[ !e1 to ! "r nor to ! left0 7,deut4 xvii4 #aa72 :i* words1 z we h se51 ! rabbies apply to ! ,sanh$r91 he says-- 8,yea1 ?\gh !y %\ld tell !e ( ! "r h&1 t x is ! left1 & ( ! left h&1 t x is ! "r40 ,( c\rse m5 t expect$ f _! foll[]s ?is p]fect r5unciation ( reason1 might say any ?+ !y lik$1 & might !re=e ask !m to believe t a c\rt consi/+ ( all prie/s 0 id5tical ) "o f :i* prie/s 7 altoge!r exclud$4 ,b z we are n will+ to give up t reason1 :i* we consid] a noble gift ( ,god1 we _c help ?9k+ t ^! two c\rts are z diff]5t z day & night1 & t ! appo9tm5t ( ,moses does n 9 ! remote/ degree s]ve z a w>rant = ! appo9tm5t ( ! ,sanh$r94 ,inde$1 ! sad p]plexity ( ! rabbies to f9d out "s passage or o!r on :i* to fa!r _! own inv5tions1 & ! desp]ate necessity :i* !y felt ( appeal+ to ?is passage1 proves to u mo/ satisfactorily1 t ! ,sanh$r9 is n a ,mosaic in/itution at all4 ,x is z impossible t !re c\ld be two supreme c\rts1 z t a man c h two heads4 ,moses did appo9t a supreme c\rt1 f :i* !re 0 no appeal1 z is pla9 f ! words1 8,?\ %alt come to ! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 & to ! judge10 & we h prov$ t ?is c\rt is n id5tical ) ! ,sanh$r94 ,b accord+ to ! rabbies1 ! ,sanh$r9 0 a supreme c\rt2 if1 !re=e1 x _h exi/$1 !re w\ld h be5 two supreme c\rts1 p]fectly indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 :i* is pla9ly impossible4 ,x nev] ent]$ into ! head ev5 ( human lawgiv]s to be guilty ( su* absurdity1 & x w\ld be an affront to ! wisdom ( ! ,almighty to suppose t he _h sanction$ x 9 8 own law4 ,?is "o argum5t is 9 itself suffici5t to ov]?r[ ! doctr9e ( a ,sanh$r9 z taught 9 ! oral law4 ,x 0 n only unkn[n to ,moses1 b is directly oppos$ to 8 own in/itution4 ,?is portion ( ! oral law is1 h[ev]1 mo/ important = prov+ ! total disreg>d1 or r contempt1 :i* ! rabbies _h = ! in/itutions ( ,moses1 & ! motives by :i* !y 7 actuat$4 ,moses orda9$ a supreme c\rt ( judicature1 to consi/ exclusively ( prie/s1 toge!r ) ! *ief civil gov]nor = ! "t be+4 ,! rabbies n only did n *oose to obey ! comm& ( ,moses1 b actually abrogat$ 8 in/itution1 & set up ano!r in/ead ( x4 ,!y 7 probably enabl$ to d ?is 9 ! "t ( confusion :i* foll[$ ! ,greek conque/4 ,! ,greeks1 :o c>$ no?+ = ,moses or 8 laws1 naturally disreg>d$ ! prie/s & ! lawful civil gov]nor2 & !re=e :5 !y conqu]$ ! l&1 set up a tribunal ( _! own1 compos$ n ( ^? :om ,moses _h appo9t$1 b ( any :om !y c\ld f9d4 ,inde$1 to secure _! own dom9ion1 _! natural policy 0 to exclude ^? :o _h previ\sly held ! re9s ( gov]nm5t4 ,to ?is new tribunal !y ( c\rse gave a ,greek "n1 & call$ x 9 _! own language1 1 or1 z ! ,talmud pron\nces x1 ,sanh$r94 ,! ,jews1 :om !y appo9t$ memb]s1 lik$ ! p[] :i* x gave !m1 & !re=e1 :5 ! ,greeks 7 gone1 endeav\r$ to p]petuate x2 & z !y c\ld n f9d a w>rant = x 9 ! writt5 law1 decl>$ t ! in/itution 0 a "p ( ! oral law3 & ?us1 to gratify _! own ambition1 trampl$ ^u ! law ( ,moses4 ,?is is ! probable hi/ory ( ! rise ( ! ,sanh$r92 b h[ev] t be1 x is c]ta9 t x is directly oppos$ to t supreme c\rt appo9t$ by ,moses1 & t x 0 love ( p[] :i* induc$ ! rabbies to sanction x4 ,!y !reby depress$ ! au?ority ( ! prie/s & ! civil gov]nor1 & 9 fact became ! dictators ( ! ,jewi% commonweal?4 ,a tribunal support$ f su* motives1 & s directly subv]sive ( ! comm&s ( ,moses1 _c prove to any lov] ( ! old religion ! au?ority ( ! rabbies4 ,inde$1 ! approval ( su* a body w\ld g f> to prove t ! oral law & ! rabbies 7 ,moses's enemies4 ,! ,mosaic law 0 fir/ pull$ d[n be=e ! ,sanh$r9 c\ld be built up1 & x 0 f\nd$ on ! ru9s ( ! ,mosaic in/itutions4 ,we h n space at pres5t to ent] into ! o!r passage :i* ! rabbies cite 9 pro( ( ! au?ority ( ! ,sanh$r91 b hope to d s 9 our next numb]--n t x is necess>y to ! argum5t1 b simply because x is our e>ne/ wi% t ! p ( ,israel %\ld see h[ ! rabbies are 9 difficulty to f9d ev5 a semblance ( pro( = ! f\ndation-/one ( _! :ole fabric4 ,t "o passage f ,deut]onomy--8,?\ %alt come unto ! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 & unto ! judge10 is q suffici5t to prove t ,moses did n in/itute ! ,sanh$r9 b t1 on ! contr>y1 x mu/ h be5 e/abli%$ by "s det]m9$ enemies ( ! ,mosaic law2 & t x 0 p]petuat$ by ^? ^: ambition l$ !m to usurp p[]1 :i* ,moses _h committ$ unto o!rs4 ,we h ?us ano!r pro( t mod]n ,judaism has demoli%$ ev5 ! ext]nal =m ( ! ,mosaic con/itution4 ,! rabbies 7 n cont5t ) reject+ ! religion ( ,moses1 & ca/+ out ! religi\s tea*]s :om he _h appo9t$1 b h also revolutioniz$ ! national polity4 ,moses orda9$ a supreme c\ncil1 consi/+ ( ! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 toge!r ) ! judge1 ! *ief civil gov]nor2 b ! rabbies h pref]r$ a tribunal e/abli%$ by idolatr\s ,greeks1 because ?is ,greek in/itution gave ! p[] into _! own h&s4 ,no wond] t ! ,god ( ,moses de/roy$ _! city1 & put an end to t delusion ) :i* ambiti\s & wick$ m5 deceiv$ 8 p ,israel4 ,no4 ,,xliv4 ,,sanh$r9 ,,cont9u$4 ,! ,sanh$r9 is1 z we said 9 our la/ numb]1 ! f\ndation-/one on :i* ! au?ority ( ! rabbies1 & ! :ole fabric ( tradition re/s4 ,take away ?is1 & n ! %ad[ ( an argum5t rema9s to ju/ify ! ,jews 9 _! rejection ( ! ,mosaic religion1 & _! demolition ( ! ,mosaic con/itution4 ,b ?is we h done4 ,en\gh has already be5 said to make x probable t ! ,sanh$r91 ) its ,greek "n1 0 inv5t$ & e/abli%$ by ! idolatr\s ,greeks2 & to make x c]ta9 t x is subv]sive ( ! ,supreme ,c\ncil e/abli%$ by ,moses1 & t1 = t reason1 x 0 n "o ( 8 in/itutions4 ,we h already dispos$ ( "o ( ! passages :i* ! rabbies quote f ! ,p5tateu*1 to prove ! ,div9e au?ority ( ! ,sanh$r92 b1 z !y h1 ) mu* difficulty1 f\nd two1 we n[ proce$ to consid] ! second4 ,x is quot$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- 1 1 1 1 8,h[ _m c\ncils 7or tribunals7 ought to be e/abli%$ 9 ,israel1 & ( h[ _m memb]s ought !y to consi/8 ,ans4 ,! ,great ,c\ncil 9 ! temple call$ ! ,great ,sanh$r91 ought to be e/abli%$ fir/1 & ! numb] ( its memb]s ought to be sev5ty-"o2 = x is said1 #8,ga!r unto me sev5ty m5 ( ! eld]s ( ,israel2' & to !m ,moses is to be add$1 & z x is said1 #8,& !y %all /& !re ) !e4' 7,numb4 xi4 #af47 ,?is makes sev5ty-"o40 7,hil*o? ,sanh$r91 c4 i4 #b47 ,"h ! rabbies h c]ta9ly f\nd ! numb] sev5ty-"o2 b to prove t ?is 0 ! ,sanh$r91 !y ought fir/1 to %[1 t ^! sev5ty-"o p]sons 7 n to be scatt]$ ?r\gh ! tribes1 b always to rema9 toge!r z "o c\ncil2 &1 secondly1 t ?is c\ncil 0 to be p]man5t2 &1 ?irdly1 t ?is c\ncil did really exi/ f ! "t ( ,moses to ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem2 &1 f\r?ly1 & mo/ important ( all1 t ?is 0 ! ,supreme ,c\ncil2 = ev5 if ! o!r ?ree po9ts c\ld be made out1 !y w\ld be insuffici5t )\t ?is4 ,! ,sanh$r9 claims to be ! ,supreme ,c\ncil1 &1 !re=e1 if x _c be %[n1 t ! assembly ( ! sev5ty eld]s is id5tical ) ! ,supreme ,c\ncil appo9t$ by ,moses1 ?is passage is ( no m use ?an ! =m] "o4 ,n[1 respect+ ! ?ree fir/ po9ts1 no?+ :atev] is said1 ei!r 9 ! ,law or ! ,prophets4 ,& respect+ ! f\r?2 ev5 if we grant ! ?ree fir/1 we c %ew t ^! sev5ty eld]s did n con/itute ! ,supreme ,c\ncil ( ! nation4 ,we h prov$ 9 our la/ pap]1 t ! supreme p[] 0 ve/$ 9 an exclusive c\ncil compos$ ( ! prie/s1 toge!r ) ! judge 1 b ! sev5ty eld]s1 "h spok5 (1 7 to be *os5 promiscu\sly f ! tribes ( ,israel1 & !re=e _c be id5tical ) t exclusive assembly2 & !re=e did n compose ! ,supreme ,c\ncil2 & !re=e _h no?+ ( ! nature ( ! ,sanh$r91 :i* pret5d$ to be supreme ov] all4 ,?us x appe>s on exam9ation1 t !re is n "o text 9 ! :ole law ( ,moses1 :i* au?orizes ! e/abli%m5t ( su* a c\ncil z ! ,sanh$r92 b t on ! contr>y1 x /&s 9 direct opposition to t ord] ( ?+s prescrib$ by ,moses4 ,we c1 h[ev]1 g f>!r1 & %[ t all ! p>ticul>s :i* ! rabbies detail conc]n+ x are manife/ falsehoods2 & t1 if ! ,jews *oose to believe :at ! oral law says conc]n+ ! ,sanh$r9 !y mo/ n only give up ,moses1 b r5\nce all ! o!r inspir$ writ]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! p>ticul> & exclusive duties ( ! ,sanh$r9 are ?us detail$3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,a k+ is n to be appo9t$ except by ! decision ( ! ,great ,c\ncil ( ,sev5ty-"o4 ,! m9or c\ncils ?r\gh ! tribes & t[ns are n to be e/abli%$ except by ! ,c\ncil ( ,sev5ty-"o4 ,judgm5t is n to be pass$ on a tribe t has be5 entirely s$uc$1 nor ^u a false prophet1 nor ^u a high prie/ 9 capital cases1 except by ! ,great ,c\ncil1 7,9 m]e money matt]s ! tribunal ( ?ree is compet5t47 ,9 l mann] an eld] is n decl>$ rebelli\s1 nor a city dealt ) z s$uc$1#ce nor ! bitt] wat]s adm9i/]$ to ! suspect$ adult]ess1 except by ! ,great ,c\ncil4 ,nei!r is an addition made to ! city nor to ! c\rts4 ,nei!r are armies l$ =? to ! w>s ( p]mission2 nor ! eld]s l$ =? to measure 9 ! case ( a sla9 p]son 7,deut4 xxi4 #a1 c471 except by comm& ( ! ,great ,c\ncil1 = x is said1 #8,e great matt] !y %all br+ to !e4' 7,exod4 xviii4 #bb470 7,hil*o? ,sanh$r91 c4 v4 #a47 ,su* is ! p[] & jurisdiction attribut$ by ! rabbies to ! ,sanh$r91 & :i* we h n[ to consid]4 ,! m]e read+ ov] ( ^! details is suffici5t to conv9ce any reasonable man t ! :ole affair is a wak+ dream ( "s man or m51 intoxicat$ ) ! love ( dom9ion4 ,no man 9 8 s5ses c believe t ,god c\ld be ! au?or ( a despotism s dreadful ov] ! m9ds & bodies ( m54 ,9 ! fir/ place1 "h is an ari/ocracy ( sev5ty p]sons1 describ$ z hav+ supreme jurisdiction ov] ! ,k+1 ! ,high ,prie/1 ! ,prophets1 & ! p--possess+ ! p[] n only to judge individuals1 b to pass s5t5ce on :ole cities & tribes1 & utt]ly to de/roy !m if !y pleas$--& ?is )\t any o!r law or prec$5t to guide !m ?an _! own w--&1 inasmu* z !y 7 self-elective1 subject to no control :atev]1 ei!r ( ! k+ or ! p4 ,we h he>d mu* ( corrupt corporations lately1 b any ?+ at all equal to ! self-elective corporation ( ! ,sanh$r9 we nev] he>d (1 except+ ano!r college ( sev5ty-"o1 ! gr& c\ncil ( ano!r oral law ( lat] date4 ,x is va9 to say t ?is body 0 controll$ by ! law ( ,moses4 ,:5 ! ,sanh$r9 exi/$ !re 0 no law ( ,moses1 b _! own w4 ,!y exp\nd$ ! law z !y lik$2 & z we saw 9 our la/1 7 n b\nd ev5 by ! decisions ( _! pr$ecessors3 & if any man d>$ to ?9k = himself or to dispute _! int]pretation1 he 0 /rangl$3-- 8,/rangulation 0 ! mode ( execution = any le>n$ man1 :o rebell$ aga9/ _! words40 7,hil*o? ,mamrim1 c4 i #b47 ,!y _h ?us ! p[] to make ! law say :at !y lik$3 & !re 0 no p[] on e>? to control !m4 ,if !y _h be5 appo9t$ by ! k+1 or elect$ by ! p1 !y w\ld h be5 responsible = ! abuse ( _! p[]2 b !y elect$ _! memb]s1 & c\ld be depos$ by none b !mselves4 ,a despotism s complete & s dreadful1 s inimical to p]sonal security1 & s subv]sive ( all lib]ty ( consci5ce1 c\ld nev] h be5 creat$ by ,god1 b mu/ necess>ily be ! (fspr+ ( ! di/emp]$ bra9 ( man4 ,we c h>dly believe t _m ,jews1 except ! ,talmudi/ic zealots1 :o might hope to be made memb]s wi% = ! re/oration ( ! ,sanh$r92 & yet1 if !y d n1 !y d n believe 9 ! ,jewi% religion1 = ! re-e/abli%m5t ( t ,great ,c\ncil is ! consummation ( ,judaism3 & if !y d n believe 9 ?is religion1 c !y consid] !mselves hone/ m5 9 pr(ess+ x8 ,b we mu/ proce$ to consid] on :at au?ority ! rabbies make ^! claims to su* ext5sive jurisdiction4 ,"o w\ld expect to f9d "s di/9ct comm& ( ,god1 expressly address$ to ! c\ncil2 b no1 _! only au?ority is ! words ( ,je?ro to ,moses1 8,e great matt] !y %all br+ to !e20 a pla9 confession t !re is 9 ! :ole ,bible no?+ to w>rant _! pret5sions1 or !y nev] w\ld h tak5 refuge 9 words s totally irrelevant4 ,inde$1 we are r surpris$ t !y appeal$ to ! ,bible at all1 = su* an appeal is fatal to all _! pret5sions4 ,j let u exam9e "s ( ! p>ticul>s detail$ above1 by ! light ( ,god's ^w4 ,! fir/ pret5sion is1 t 8,a k+ is n to be appo9t$ except by ! decision ( ! ,great ,c\ncil ( ,sev5ty-"o40 ,n[ is ?is true8 ,is x possible to %[ t any "o ( ! ,k+s ( ,israel 0 appo9t$ by ! ,sanh$r98 ,n "o2 b x is possible to prove ( _m t !y 7 appo9t$ )\t any ref]5ce :atev] to any su* c\ncil4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ,saul1 ! fir/ k+ ( ,israel2 :at _h ! ,sanh$r9 to d ) 8 election to ! k+ly (fice8 ,no?+ at all4 ,s f> z man 0 conc]n$1 ,samuel1 & ,samuel alone1 0 ! in/rum5t ( 8 election4 ,:5 ! p wi%$ a k+1 !y did n g to ! ,sanh$r91 b to ,samuel4 ,he dissuad$ !m1 8,nev]!less1 ! p refus$ to obey ! voice ( ,samuel40 ,w\ld !y h v5tur$ to d s if he _h be5 presid5t ( s dreadful a c\ncil z ! ,sanh$r98 ,:5 ,saul 0 ano9t$1 x 0 n by ! ,sanh$r91 nor by _! comm&4 ,no man 0 pres5t b ! k+ elect & ! prophet4 8,!n ,samuel took a vial ( oil1 & p\r$ x ^u 8 head1 & kiss$ him1 & said1 ,is x n because ! ,"l ha? ano9t$ !e to be capta9 ov] 8 inh]itance80 7#a ,sam4 x4 #a47 ,& :5 ,saul 0 solemnly confirm$ be=e ! p1 ,samuel 0 /ill ! sole ag5t4 8,samuel call$ ! p toge!r unto ! ,"l to ,mizpeh1 & said1 ,n[ !re=e pres5t y\rselves be=e ! ,"l by y\r tribes & by y\r ?\s&s2 & ,saul ! son ( ,ki% 0 tak540 7xi4 #ag-ba47 ,x _c be pret5d$ t ! ,sanh$r9 _h any?+ :atev] to d ) ! matt]4 ,b let u try ano!r in/ance4 ,let u look at ! election ( ,david2 0 he *os5 by ! voice ( ! ,sanh$r98 ,j z little z ,saul4 ,samuel 0 aga9 ! sole ag5t4 8,! ,"l said unto ,samuel1 ,h[ long wilt ?\ m\rn = ,saul1 see+ ,i h reject$ him f reign+ ov] ,israel8 ,fill ?9e horn ) oil & g2 ,i w s5d !e to ,jesse1 ! ,be?lehemite2 = ,i h provid$ me a k+ among 8 sons40 ,& s ,samuel w5t & ano9t$ him1 )\t any int]v5tion :atev] ( ! ,sanh$r91 or any "o else4 ,^! two cases are suffici5t to prove ! falsehood ( ! rabb9ic pret5sions2 b !re is "o m decisive /ill1 & t is ! case ( ,solomon4 ,adonijah _h made himself k+1 & ,ba?%eba1 by ! advice ( ,na?an ! prophet1 took measures to make h] son ,solomon k+4 ,b to :om did ,na?an advise h] to g8 ,did he tell h] to g to ! ,sanh$r9 & to seek ju/ice8 ,no1 b to g to ,david ! k+1 & to him %e accord+ly w5t1 & f\nd him n 9 c\ncil1 or surr\nd$ by ! memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r91 b ) ,abi%ag1 ! ,%unammite1 m9i/]+ to him2 & ,david1 )\t ask+ any advice1 sw>e unto h]1 8,assur$ly ,solomon1 ?y ,son1 %all reign aft] me40 ,! ,sanh$r9 _h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! matt]4 ,! ass]tion1 !n1 t 8,no?+ 0 appo9t$ except by ! au?ority ( ! ,sanh$r910 is a gross falsehood1 & v evid5tly made by ambiti\s m51 grasp+ aft] p[] to :i* !y _h no "r4 ,9 l mann]1 we might appeal to hi/ory to %[1 t ! tribe ( ,dan 0 judg$1 & t ,saul1 ,david1 & ! o!r k+s ( ,israel1 wag$ w>s )\t once consult+ ! ,sanh$r92 b !re is "o ( ^! pret5sions s directly oppos$ to ! pla9 lett] ( ! ,mosaic law1 t we pref] notic+ x4 ,! oral law says1 t ! wat]s ( jeal\sy 7 n adm9i/]$ except by ! au?ority ( ! ,sanh$r94 ,b :at says ,moses8 ,:5 ! _s ( jeal\sy comes ^u a man1 does he tell him to br+ 8 wife to ! ,sanh$r98 ,no1 b to ! prie/4 8,!n %all ! man br+ 8 wife unto ! prie/10 c4 7,numb4 v4 #ae47 ,:at !n is ! prie/ to d8 ,is he to g fir/ to ! ,sanh$r91 & get its sanction8 ,no2 z soon z ! man has br\ght 8 wife1 & ! (f]+ ( jeal\sy1 ! prie/'s bus9ess is to br+ h] be=e ! ,"l--8,& ! prie/ %all br+ h] ne>1 & set h] be=e ! ,"l10--& is !n to proce$ ) all ! prescrib$ rites2 & ! :ole ends ) ^! pla9 words1 8,& ! prie/ %all execute ^u h] all ?is law40 ,!re is n only no m5tion ( ! ,sanh$r91 b imm$iate p[] is unequivocally giv5 to ! prie/1 yea1 he is comm&$ to proce$ )\t await+ ! decision ( any o!r tribunal4 ,"h aga91 !n1 ! pret5d]s ( rabb9ic tradition are 9 direct opposition to ! pla9 comm&s ( ,moses1 & are !re=e unf\nd$4 ,x is unnecess>y to ent] into m ( ^! p>ticul>s4 ,! two :i* we h exam9$ are contr>y to tru?2 & two falsehoods are q en\gh to %ake ! cr$it ( any claims4 ,! only possible way ( e/abli%+ ! au?ority ( ! ,sanh$r91 9 answ] to ?is argum5t1 is1 to d5y ! au?ority ( ! ,bible4 ,!re is no o!r alt]native--ei!r ! au?ors ( ! ,p5tateu*1 ! books ( ,samuel & ,k+s1 are mi/ak51 or ! jurisdiction ( ! ,sanh$r9 is a m]e fiction4 ,moses comm&s a v diff]5t in/itution1 & ! hi/orical books repres5t a v diff]5t =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,he :o receives ^! books z inspir$1 mu/ r5\nce ! au?ority ( ! ,sanh$r91 :il/ he :o ma9ta9s x mu/ give up ! sacr$ books4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r tribunal m5tion$ 9 ! above-quot$ passage ( ! oral law :i* x is necess>y to notice1 & t is ! m9or ,sanh$r91 or c\ncil ( tw5ty-?ree4 ,x is said1 8,! m9or c\ncils ?r\gh ! tribes & t[ns are n to be e/abli%$ except by ! c\ncil ( sev5ty-"o20 & else:]e we read3-- 1 8,9 e city ( ,israel t conta9s "o hundr$ & tw5ty ,israelites or m1 a m9or ,sanh$r9 ought to be appo9t$1 & ( h[ _m memb]s ought x to consi/8 ,( tw5ty-?ree judges40 7,hil*o? ,sanh$r91 i4 #c47 ,n[ ?is is ano!r innovation = :i* !re is no w>rant :atev] 9 ! law ( ,moses4 8,moses *ose able m5 out ( all ,israel1 & made !m heads ov] ! p1 rul]s ( ?\s&s1 rul]s ( hundr$s1 rul]s ( fifties1 & rul]s ( t5s4 ,& !y judg$ ! p at all times40 7,exod4 xviii4 #be1 #bf47 ,?is is ! provision :i* ,moses made = ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 b he says n a syllable ab\t ! appo9tm5t ( m9or ,sanh$r9s ( tw5ty-?ree1 s t 9 ?is we h ano!r in/ance ( ! ef=t1 :i* ! rabbies made1 to get rid ( all ! ,mosaic in/itutions1 & to sub/itute _! own4 ,& also ano!r pro( t ! laws ( ! ,sanh$r9 7 n giv5 by ,moses1 = !y require ?is ,c\ncil to appo9t m9or c\rts1 contr>y to 8 ord9ances4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 f :at has be5 said 9 ^! two pap]s1 t ! ,sanh$r9 0 altoge!r an unlawful tribunal1 & t !re=e ! oral law c receive no support f its approval3 & x appe>s1 fur!r1 t mod]n ,judaism has entirely subv]t$ t ord] ( ?+s e/abli%$ by ,moses4 ,he orda9$ ! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 z ! tea*]s ( ,israel4 ,mod]n ,judaism has turn$ !m out ( _! (fice1 & sub/itut$ ! rabbies4 ,moses orda9$ a ,supreme ,c\ncil1 consi/+ ( ! prie/s & ! judge4 ,mod]n ,judaism has de/roy$ t ,c\ncil1 & e/abli%$ ! ,sanh$r9 9 its place4 ,moses appo9t$ rul]s ov] ?\s&s1 hundr$s1 fifties1 & t5s4 ,mod]n ,judaism has put an end to t ord]1 & erect$ new tribunals ( tw5ty-?ree4 ,9 fact1 if x 7 possible = ! ,jews to realize all ! comm&s ( ! oral law 9 _! own l&1 & ,moses 7 to come among/ !m aga91 he c\ld nev] recognize !m z 8 disciples4 ,he w\ld n f9d "o ( 8 in/itutions rema9+ z he left x4 ,x is q absurd1 & if ! subject 7 n s grave1 x w\ld be ludicr\s to he> ! ,rabb9i/s exclaim+ t ! law ( ,moses is un*angeable1 :5 !y !mselves h *ang$ all its ma9 provisions1 & made an entirely new religion4 ,b to ! ,jews x ought to be a matt] ( v s]i\s enquiry1 :e!r ! ,mosaic law is un*angeable or n4 ,if ! law be un*angeable1 !n no rabb9ical ,jew c ent]ta9 a reasonable hope ( salvation1 = he pr(esses a religion :i* has effect$ ! mo/ ext5sive *anges4 ,9 8 cre$ he d5ies ! lawfulness ( *ange1 & 9 8 practice he *anges )\t scruple4 ,if ! law be un*angeable1 x is ! b\nd5 duty ( e ,jew to give up at once ! new religion ( ! rabbies1 & to return ) all ha/e to ! in/itutions ( ,moses4 ,b if he believe t ! law is *angeable at pleasure1 !n he ought to r5\nce t article ( 8 cre$ :i* tea*es its immutability4 ,9 s s]i\s a matt] z religion1 he ought to endeav\r to be consi/5t1 & n halt betwe5 two op9ions4 ,if ,moses be 8 lawgiv]1 !n let him s]ve him4 ,b if he be det]m9$ to cont9ue 9 ! new religion ( ! rabbies1 he ought to inquire into _! "*1 & ! au?ority & motives :i* l$ !m to ov]turn ! religion ( _! =efa!rs4 ,is ! religion ( ,moses a bad religion1 :i* x 0 necess>y to r5\nce8 ,or1 0 x only giv5 = a c]ta9 p]iod1 & :5 t p]iod _h expir$1 ex*ang$ = a new "o8 ,_h ! rabbies ,div9e au?ority = ! *anges :i* !y made1 or did !y *ange x = _! own conv5i5ce & int]e/8 ,! nature ( ! *anges looks v suspici\s1 !y all add$ to _! influ5ce & p[]4 ,z long z ! law ( ,moses 0 obs]v$1 ! rabbies _h no p[] ei!r 9 ,*ur* or ,/ate4 ,b by ! *anges :i* !y made1 !y became absolute despots ov] ! bodies & s\ls ( all ,israel4 ,!y _h1 ?us1 e possible temptation to reject ! "o & adopt ! o!r4 ,b is ?is a reason :y ! ,jewi% p %\ld also reject ! law ( ,moses8 ,!y ga9 no?+1 & loose ev]y?+1 bo? = "t & et]nity1 by ! *ange4 ,by adopt+ ! new religion ( ! rabbies1 !y give up ! use ( t mo/ preci\s gift1 _! reason1 9 all t reg>ds ! law & s]vice ( ,god4 ,a ,jew1 :o receives ! oral law1 c h no?+ b a bl9d fai?4 ,he has lo/ ! privilege ( consid]+ :at ,god requires ( him1 & mu/ simply receive :at ! rabbies *oose to prescribe z 8 duty3 & if !y %\ld ev5 g s f> z to tell him t 8 left h& is 8 "r1 & 8 "r h& 8 left1 he mu/ believe 9 ! decision1 & reject ! evid5ces ( 8 s5ses4 ,or1 if he %\ld d>e to d\bt1 :]e ,judaism reigns triumphant1 he mu/ be /rangl$4 ,!re is c]ta9ly no?+ v invit+ 9 ?is sy/em1 no?+ t %\ld tempt a man to pref] x to ! j1 & equitable1 & rational religion ( ,moses4 ,he gives ! law ( ,god into ! h&s ( ! ,israelite1 & says1 8,behold ,i h set life & dea? be=e y1 *oose ye40 ,he deals ) m5 z rational be+s1 & requires implicit ob$i5ce1 n to ! ^w ( man1 b to ! oracles ( ,god4 ,he e/abli%$ a supreme c\ncil1 b did n p]mit t c\ncil to pass (f _! own op9ions z infallible1 b comm&$ !m to inquire ( ,him :o alone is free f error4 ,x is truly a/oni%+ t s l>ge a portion ( ! ,jewi% p %\ld /ill pref] ! religi\s despotism ( ! oral law2 & x is m a/oni%+ /ill1 t !y %\ld be delud$ to believe1 t a sy/em1 :i* has subv]t$ all ! in/itutions ( ,moses1 is ! ,mosaic religion4 ,b ! mo/ a/oni%+ circum/ance ( all is1 t ^? ,jews :o h detect$ ! grossness ( ! delusion & h !mselves r5\nc$ ! practice ( ! oral law1 %\ld feel s indiff]5t ab\t ! welf>e ( _! bre?r51 & s reckless ( ! int]e/s ( tru?1 z to look on 9 sil5ce2 or ev5 appe> to c\nt5ance error by jo9+ 9 ! rights & c]emonies ( tradition4 ,ev5 ! tribe ( ,levi itself has lo/ its zeal1 & abdicat$ ! sacr$ (fice committ$ to x by ,god4 ,= eighte5 hundr$ ye>s !re has n appe>$ 9 ,israel "o s+le p]son zeal\s = ! law ( ,moses4 ,all h be5 cont5t ) call+ ,moses _! ma/]1 & !re ! matt] ends4 ,! prie/s & ! p all unite 9 violat+ 8 laws1 & trampl+ ^u ! ru9s ( 8 in/itutions1 & !n expect o!r p to believe t !y are ! fai?ful disciples ( ,moses4 ,footnote #ce3 ,comp>e ,deut4 xiii4 #ac1 & ,hil*o? ,accum1 c4 iv4 ,no4 ,,xlv4 ,,sanh$r9 ,,cont9u$4 ,h[ a nation1 s acute & s fond ( le>n+ z ! ,jews1 %\ld ev] h be5 impos$ ^u by s clumsy an impo/ure z t ( ! oral law1 is truly a/oni%+4 ,! exce$+ folly ( "s ( its ord9ances1 ! incr$ibility ( ! leg5ds ) :i* x ab\nds1 ! extravagant pret5sions ( its doctors1 ! gr9d+ tyranny ( its despotic tribunals1 all seem calculat$ to awak5 d\bt 9 ! m9d ( ! mo/ cr$ul\s1 & ! mo/ ignorant4 ,b ! utt] want ( evid5ce to support its claims ought to be suffici5t to op5 ! eyes ( ev5 sup]/ition itself4 ,to e/abli% ! g5u95ess ( an oral tradition1 an unbrok5 *a9 ( witnesses1 f ! rise ( ! tradition to ! pres5t "t1 is indisp5sably necess>y4 ,! succession ( p]sons :o receiv$ x f _! pr$ecessors1 & transmitt$ x to _! foll[]s1 mu/ be cle>ly & accurately made out2 & ! want ( a s+le l9k1 or ! exi/5ce ( a s+le *asm 9 ! *a9 ( transmission is q suffici5t to discr$it ! :ole1 & to invalidate ! claims to g5u95ess4 ,to prove ! g5u95ess ( ! 1 oral law1 x is necess>y n only to po9t out a succession ( p]sons1 b a succession ( ,sanh$r9s1 =1 z we h se51 ! ,sanh$r9 0 reg>d$ z ! f\ndation & pill> ( tradition4 ,if a s+le *asm 9 hi/ory exi/s1 :]e a ,sanh$r9 _c be po9t$ out1 or if ! assign$ succession be inconsi/5t ) ! writt5 & inspir$ records ( ! p1 ! claims ( ! oral law are invalidat$1 & ! ,jewi% nation convict$ z ! abettors ( a pi\s fraud1 or ! unwitt+ dupes ( an impo/ure4 ,n[ we h already %[n t ! ,sanh$r9 0 n in/itut$ by ,moses1 & 0 nev] he>d ( until aft] ! ,greek conque/ ( ! l& ( ,israel2 & h5ce x inevitably foll[s1 t ! oral law is totally de/itute ( t *a9 ( te/imony1 by :i* alone its g5u95ess c\ld be e/abli%$4 ,f ,moses to ! ,maccabees !re is "o cont9u$ *asm1 an imm5se & impassable abyss1 :i* sep>ates betwe5 mod]n ,judaism & tru?4 ,b z ! rabbies h endeav\r$ to fill up ! yawn+ gulf or r to build a bridge 9 ! air = ! purpose ( pass+ x1 we ?9k x necess>y to exam9e ! success ( _! ef=ts4 ,!y say1 t a *a9 ( te/imony1 su* z is want$1 does actually exi/1 & h endeav\r$ to po9t out ! v>i\s l9ks4 ,if ?is prove fallaci\s1 !n ! la/ & only hope ( mod]n ,judaism is gone2 to prove ! fallacy does n require mu* argum5t4 ,! *a9 ( te/imony z po9t$ out by ! rabbies !mselves1 is inconsi/5t ) hi/ory1 & wants cont9uity ev5 at ! v comm5cem5t4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! succession is ?us describ$3-- 1 1 1 1 8,al?\gh ! oral law 0 n writt51 ,moses our ma/] taught x all 9 8 ,c\ncil to ! sev5ty eld]s2 ,eleaz> also1 & ,ph9ehas1 & ,jo%ua1 all ?ree1 receiv$ x f ,moses4 ,b to ,jo%ua1 :o 0 ! disciple ( ,moses our ma/]1 he deliv]$ ! oral law1 & gave him a *>ge conc]n+ x ,9 l mann] ,jo%ua taught x by ^w ( m\? all ! days ( 8 life2 & _m eld]s receiv$ x f ,jo%ua1 & ,eli receiv$ x f ! eld]s1 & f ,ph9ehas40 7,preface to ! ,yad ,ha*azakah47 ,n[ "h ! want ( cont9uity beg9s1 imm$iately aft] ! ?ird l9k 9 ! *a94 ,t ,jo%ua %\ld inh]it ! oral law f ,moses is v likely1 if !re 0 any to be inh]it$1 b :o 0 ,jo%ua's successor ! rabbies _c tell u4 ,x is n en\gh to say t ! eld]s receiv$ x f ,jo%ua2 :o 7 ! eld]s1 & :o 0 ! next presid5t ( ! ,sanh$r91 & :o 0 ! presid5t aft] t8 ,to make out a *a9 ( witnesses1 we mu/ at lea/ h _! names1 b ought to "k1 besides1 _! "*1 _! piety1 _! probity1 be=e we c dep5d ^u _! te/imony4 ,! abs5ce ( ?is detail %[s t ! rabbies _h no in=mation on ! subject1 & 7 m]ely try+ to make up a /ory to impose ^u ! cr$ul\s4 ,x is self-evid5t t if !y _h possess$ an accurate detail1 !y w\ld h giv5 x2 b z !y d n1 we mu/ inf] t !y _h x n2 & z ! ,bible gives no in=mation on ! subject1 we mu/ ass]t1 t ! *a9 ( te/imony t]m9ates at ! second l9k4 ,s f> are ! rabbies f be+ able to prove a succession ( ,sanh$r9s f ! "t ( ,jo%ua to _! own1 t !y are compell$ to make a gr& leap f ,jo%ua to ,eli1 & ?us to leave a *asm ( m ?an two hundr$ ye>s1 :i* ( itself is suffici5t to ov]?r[ ! claims ( ! oral law1 & to /amp ! ,jews z ! mo/ cr$ul\s ( m5 if !y believe )\t any evid5ce4 ,x is true t ! rabbies endeav\r to /op up ?is great cavity ) a great falsehood4 ,!y say t ,eli receiv$ ! oral law f ,jo%ua's eld]s1 & f ,ph9ehas2 :i* ass]tion implies t all ^! p]sons liv$ to be ab\t ?ree hundr$ ye>s old6 ,& yet1 if x 7 true1 x w\ld n be suffici5t to make out ! pro(1 = :i* ! succession ( ,sanh$r9s is absolutely necess>y1 & especially = ?is p]iod4 ,f ! book ( ,judges1 x appe>s1 t 9 ! int]val betwe5 ,jo%ua & ,eli1 & ev5 9 ! next g5]ation aft] ,jo%ua's dea?1 ! p =sook ! law ( ,moses1 ev5 ! writt5 law1 & gave !mselves up to idolatry4 ,?us we read1 8,& ,jo%ua ! son ( ,nun1 ! s]vant ( ! ,"l1 di$1 be+ an hundr$ & t5 ye>s old4444 ,& also all t g5]ation 7 ga!r$ unto _! fa!rs3 & !re arose ano!r g5]ation aft] !m1 :i* knew n ! ,"l1 nor ! works :i* he _h done = ,israel4 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel did evil 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l1 & s]v$ ,baalim40 7,judges ii4 #h-aa47 ,n[1 "h ! inspir$ writ] says t ,jo%ua & all t g5]ation di$1 :i* expressly contradicts ! rabb9ic ass]tion t ,jo%ua's eld]s liv$ to ! "t ( ,eli2 &1 fur!r1 he says1 t ! ,israelites turn$ aside to idols3 :]e 0 ! ,sanh$r9 at t "t8 ,if x exi/$1 :y did x n /op ! torr5t ( corruption1 & puni% ! transgressors8 ,& :y 0 x necess>y = ,god to raise up ,judges to d ! ,sanh$r9's "w8 ,we d n once read ( ! ,sanh$r91 or any o!r c\ncil1 help+ ,israel4 ,9 ! book ( ,judges1 deliv]ance is ascrib$ solely to ! judges :om ,god rais$ up4 8,:5 ! ,"l rais$ !m up judges1 !n ! ,"l 0 ) ! judge1 & deliv]$ !m out ( ! h& ( _! enemies all ! days ( ! judge4444 ,& x came to pass :5 ! judge 0 dead1 t !y return$ & corrupt$ !mselves m ?an _! fa!rs40 7,ibid4 #ah1 #ai47 ,inde$1 t say+ s (t5 repeat$ 9 ! book ( ,judges1 8,9 ^? days !re 0 no k+ 9 ,israel1 b e man did t :i* 0 "r 9 8 own eyes10 %[s t !re 0 no ,sanh$r9 ei!r4 ,if any c\ncil ( ! k9d1 arm$ ) su* despotic p[]1 _h exi/$1 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel c\ld n h done t :i* 0 "r 9 _! own eyes4 ,:e!r1 !n1 we look at ! ,bible or at ! rabb9ic acc\nt1 we h a p]iod ( m ?an two hundr$ ye>s1 dur+ :i* !re is no evid5ce at all ei!r = ! exi/5ce ( ! ,sanh$r9 or ( ! oral law4 ,! *a9 ( te/imony1 !re=e1 (f]$ by ! rabbies1 is n complete2 & is1 moreov]1 unwor?y ( cr$it1 z x conta9s a gross falsehood conc]n+ ! age to :i* ,jo%ua's eld]s liv$4 ,a little m exam9ation w %[ u t x conta9s m ?an "o falsehood4 ,aft] tell+ u t ,david receiv$ ! oral law f ,samuel & 8 c\ncil1 x ?us proce$s3-- 1 8,ahijah ! ,%ilonite 0 "o ( ^? :o came out ( ,egypt1 & a ,levite1 & he he>d ! oral law f ,moses3 b he 0 little 9 ! days ( ,moses1 & receiv$ ! oral law f ,david & 8 c\ncil4 ,& ,elijah receiv$ f ,ahijah ! ,%ilonite & 8 c\ncil40 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ place1 ?is /atem5t is v absurd4 ,to suppose t "o1 :o _h he>d ! law f ,moses1 %\ld at la/ receive x f ,david1 is contr>y to probability3 b to ass]t t ,ahijah 0 a little boy 9 ! "t ( ,moses1 & t he liv$ until ! reign ( ,solomon1 t is1 above five hundr$ ye>s1 is manife/ly a falsehood1 &1 :e!r wilful or n1 completely de/roys ! cr$ibility ( ?is attempt at a succession ( witnesses4 ,if involunt>y1 & ! result ( error1 x %[s t ! rabbies :o h transmitt$ ?is /ory 7 s weak 9 intellect z to swall[ any improbability2 & t z !y transmitt$ "o lie1 !y may h transmitt$ m4 ,b if volunt>y1 no "o w argue t ! te/imony ( wilful li>s is wor? mu*4 ,?is la/ attempt1 !re=e1 to prop up ! au?ority ( ! oral law is va94 ,b ?is rabb9ic *a9 ( te/imony goes on to tell u t1 among/ o!rs1 ! oral law pass$ ?r\gh ,j]emiah ! prophet3-- 1 8,j]emiah receiv$ f ,zephaniah & 8 c\ncil1 & ,b>u* ! son ( ,n]iah receiv$ f ,j]emiah & 8 c\ncil40 ,n[1 if ?is means t ,j]emiah 0 ! 1 or ,presid5t ( ! ,sanh$r91 x is pla9ly false4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ,j]emiah %[s u t he 0 n ! p[]ful head ( a despotic & irresi/ible c\ncil1 b an unprotect$ & p]secut$ man4 ,_h he be5 presid5t ( a tribunal s dreadful1 & ^: s5t5ce ( excommunication 0 9 itself suffici5t to protect him1 ! p & ! pr9ces w\ld nev] h d>$ to reject 8 words z !y did1 mu* less to make an attempt on 8 life4 ,b if1 on ! o!r h&1 x be said t ,j]emiah's c\ncil does n mean ! ,sanh$r91 !n we h ano!r *asm 9 ! succession ( ,sanh$r9s1 & consequ5tly ! pro( fails aga94 ,b ?is *a9 ( evid5ce is n only contr>y to fact1 & to ! inspir$ writ+s ( ! prophets2 x is also inconsi/5t ) ! oral law itself1 = x ass]ts t two proselytes =m a "p ( ! *a9 ( transmission3-- 1 8,%emaiah & ,abtalion1 proselytes ( righte\sness1 & _! c\ncil1 receiv$ f ,judah & ,simon & _! c\ncil4 ,hillel & ,%ammai & _! c\ncil receiv$ f ,%emaiah & ,abtalion & _! c\ncil40 ,n[1 accord+ to ! oral law1 x is unlawful = proselytes to be memb]s ( any c\ncil or tribunal4 ,respect+ ! ,supreme ,c\ncil1 x is expressly said3-- 1 8,none are to be made memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r9 except prie/s & ,levites1 & ,israelites ( s good a g5ealogy z to be fit to int]m>ry ) ! prie/s2 = x is said1 #8,& !y %all /& !re ) !e1' 7,numb4 xi4 #af17 i4e4 l unto !e 9 wisdom1 9 piety1 & 9 g5ealogy40 7,hil*o? ,sanh$r91 c4 ii4 #a47 ,& ev5 ( an inf]ior tribunal x is said3-- 8,a tribunal ( ?ree1 "o ( :om is a proselyte1 is unlawful40 7,ibid4 #i47 ,if !n1 x 0 unlawful = a proselyte to be a memb] ( ! ,sanh$r91 or any o!r tribunal1 h[ is x t we f9d two at ! head ( "o ( ^? c\ncils ?r\gh :i* ! oral law 0 transmitt$8 ,if ! decisions ( ! oral law be valid1 t c\ncil 0 illegitimate1 & !re=e totally incompet5t to ! transmission ( tradition1 & !n we h a break 9 ! *a9 ( te/imony ev5 at t end :i* is ne>e/ to ! rabbies4 ,b if t c\ncil be consid]$ compet5t1 !n ! oral law :i* condemns x _c conta9 ! true tradition4 ,b 9 ei!r case1 ! g5u95ess ( ! law is ov]?r[n4 ,! sum ( :at we h said is ?is3--,t ev5 if we 7 to give up our o!r argum5ts aga9/ ! au?ority ( ! ,sanh$r9 & ! oral law1 & 7 will+ to re/ ?is "q on ! te/imony ( ! rabbies !mselves1 ! defectiv5ess1 inconsi/5cy1 & falsehood manife/$ 9 t te/imony1 w\ld be suffici5t to ?r[ discr$it on all _! claims4 ,!y h n only no pro( f ,scripture1 b are n able !mselves to f9d 9 tradition an unbrok5 *a9 ( te/imony4 ,!y fail at ! v outset4 ,aft] produc+ two l9ks1 !y leave a *asm ( above two hundr$ ye>s unacc\nt$ =4 ,:5 !y take x up aga91 !y are convict$ ( gross falsehood 9 ass]t+ t m5 liv$1 aft] ! deluge1 to ! age ( five hundr$ ye>s3 & are n able ev5 to make out a /ory t w agree ) ! oral law itself4 ,! mo/ fav\rable gr\nd1 !n1 t c be tak5 = ! def5ce ( ! oral law proves unt5able4 ,b if to ?is we add ! argum5ts conta9$ 9 ! =m] pap]s1 & rememb] t ! ,sanh$r9 is 9 direct opposition to ! law ( ,moses1 is nev] m5tion$ 9 any ( ! sacr$ books1 nor he>d ( until ! ,greek language 0 spok5 9 ! l& ( ,israel1 e support is tak5 f ! oral law1 & x s9ks d[n to ! level ( a m]e impo/ure1 ( :i* ! ,jewi% p h be5 ! dupes & ! victims4 ,h[ long !y w rema9 s1 x is = !mselves to consid]4 ,! times ( bl9d fai?1 su* z mod]n ,judaism requires1 are gone by2 ! ,jews c !re=e no long] rema9 ! bl9d foll[]s ( ! sup]/iti\s & ambiti\s rabbies4 ,ei!r !y mu/ hone/ly confess t !y & _! fa!rs h be5 deceiv$ = ! la/ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 & e>ne/ly set ab\t seek+ t tru? :i* !y lo/2 or !y mo/ be cont5t to be reg>d$ ei!r z int]e/$ uphold]s ( error1 or reckless despis]s ( tru?4 ,no "o1 :o at all kn[s ! nation1 w ev] believe t !y are s weak 9 und]/&+ z to be unable1 "u pres5t circum/ances1 to detect ! clumsy pret5sions ( ! oral law4 ,"s ,jews may1 inde$1 /ill ob/9ately refuse to inve/igate ! evid5ces ( _! pat]nal religion1 & p]si/ 9 pr(ess+ ,judaism simply because _! fa!rs did s be=e !m3 b su* p]sons mu/ be cont5t to ackn[l$ge t _! fai? is n t ( a rational be+1 or t _! religion w n /& ! te/ ( reason4 ,all :o w take ! tr\ble to inve/igate1 mu/1 if !y be hone/ m51 make up _! m9ds to r5\nce ! religion ( ! rabbies4 ,!re is n any "o argum5t1 ei!r ( int]nal or ext]nal evid5ce1 9 its behalf1 on :i* a man ( ord9>y und]/&+ c re/ = a mom5t4 ,! only %ad[ ( a basis on :i* to support ! oral law is ! doctr9e ( ! ,sanh$r91 b ?is1 z we h se51 disappe>s s soon z we approa* ! illusion4 ,in/ead ( giv+ au?ority to ! o!r p>ts ( ! oral law1 ! doctr9e ( a ,sanh$r9 appe>s "o ( ! mo/ objectionable ( its _m errors1 = x be>s ^u its front ! /amp ( selfi%ness & ambition4 ,x 0 an inv5tion ( m51 :o aim$ n only at a spiritual dom9ion1 b also at a secul> despotism4 ,! ,sanh$r9 0 m]ely ! eng9e :]eby ! rabbies hop$ to get all ! p[]1 bo? ( ,*ur* & ,/ate1 into _! own h&s1 & !reby di/+ui%es ! rabb9ical religion 9 ! mo/ /rik+ mann] f t ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,*ri/ianity conta9s no app>atus = secur+ to its tea*]s ! dom9ion ( ! _w2 & !re=e ! pr(ess+ foll[]s ( ,*ri/1 :5 !y aim$ at worldly p[]1 7 fir/ oblig$ to inv5t an oral law ( _! own4 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? seeks no?+ b ! dom9ion ( tru?4 8,:5 he p]ceiv$ t !y w\ld come & take him by =ce1 to make him a k+1 he dep>t$ aga9 into a m\nta9 himself alone40 7,john vi4 #ae47 ,8 doctr9e 01 8,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w40 ,& 9 l mann] he taught 8 disciples n to seek aft] worldly p[]4 8,ye "k t !y :i* are acc\nt$ to rule ov] ! ,g5tiles ex]cise lord%ip ov] !m2 & _! great ones ex]cise au?ority ^u !m4 ,b s %all x n be among y3 b :osoev] w be great among y1 %all be y\r m9i/]3 & :osoev] w be *iefe/1 %all be s]vant ( all4 ,= ev5 ! ,son ( man came n to be m9i/]$ unto1 b to m9i/]1 & to give 8 life a ransom = _m40 7,m>k x4 #db-de47 ,jesus & 8 apo/les are p]fectly free man ! suspicion ( mak+ religion subs]vi5t to ! promotion ( ambiti\s s*emes4 ,! tea*]s ( ! oral law _h1 & ev5 n[ h a temptation to uphold its doctr9es1 because !y make !m ! absolute rul]s ( ! ,jewi% p1 & ?is t5d5cy is a /rong gr\nd ( suspicion4 ,:5 ,god s5t ,moses1 he pres]v$ him f all simil> imputation1 = ?\gh he possess$ ! supreme p[] dur+ 8 life1 8 claims 7 atte/$ by miracles :i* c\ld n be d5i$3 & at 8 decease 8 *ildr5 7 *ief nei!r 9 ,*ur* nor ,/ate4 ,! prie/hood rema9$ 9 ! family ( ,a>on1 & ! *ief magi/racy fell to ! lot ( ,jo%ua4 ,?us dis9t]e/$ness di/+ui%$ ! *>act]s ( ,moses & ,jesus f ^? ( ! rabbies4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,sanh$r9 reveals b too pla9ly ! motives by :i* ! au?ors ( ! oral law 7 actuat$4 ,( c\rse we d n mean to ascribe ! same motives to all ! advocates ( ! oral law 9 ! pres5t day4 ,^? motives are necess>ily conf9$ to ^? times :5 ,judaism c be realiz$1 & _c1 !re=e1 be call$ =? until !re is a prospect ( re/or+ ! rabb9ic polity4 ,our object is n to condemn ! mod]n ,jews1 b to op5 _! eyes to a true view ( t sy/em by :i* !y h be5 s long delud$4 ,& if !y %\ld ask u1 ,:]e1 !n1 is ! tru? to be f\nd8 we reply1 9 ,moses & ! prophets4 ,= ?\gh we are ,*ri/ians1 we firmly believe t true fai? 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t mu/ t]m9ate 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,! only real ob/acle 9 ! way ( a ,jew's receiv+ ,jesus z ! ,messiah1 is ! prejudice1 t 8 fa!rs1 :o reject$ him1 mu/ h be5 9 ! "r2 & ?is ob/acle we are endeav\r+ to remove4 ,we h already made x appe> t !y 7 9 ! wrong2 & our late pap]s h remov$ ! /ronge/ objection t !y urge1 namely1 t ! s5t5ce ( ! ,sanh$r9 0 decisive aga9/ 8 claims4 ,we h %[n t ! ,sanh$r9 0 altoge!r an unlawful tribunal1 n e/abli%$ by ,moses1 b1 z its "n intimates1 by ! ,greeks1 & modell$ by artful & ambiti\s m5 = _! own purposes3 & z ! tribunal 0 unlawful1 s 0 ! s5t5ce4 ,inde$ ! fact t ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 condemn$ by an unlawful tribunal is a te/imony 9 8 fav\r4 ,x %[s t he disapprov$ ( & oppos$ _! unlawful do+s4 ,jesus 0 n condemn$ by ! fri5ds ( ,moses1 b by 8 enemies4 ,! religion ( ,*ri/ 0 p]secut$1 n by ^? :o consci5ti\sly kept ,moses' comm&s1 b by ^? :o _h fir/ defac$ e feature ( ,mosaism4 ,! m5 :o condemn$ ! ,"l ,jesus 7 ! tyrannical usurp]s ( an au?ority :i* ,moses _h giv5 to o!rs2 & if ,moses himself _h appe>$ among/ !m1 & ass]t$ ! rights ( ! prie/s & ,levites aga9/ ! rabbies1 !y w\ld j z readily h crucifi$ him z ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! ,jews1 !re=e1 ( ! pres5t day1 :o approve ! condemnation ( ,jesus1 unite ) ! enemies ( ,moses2 b ^? :o are lov]s ( ! ,mosaic law mu/ approve ! ef=ts ( ,jesus to deliv] x f ! corruptions or wick$ & ambiti\s m54 ,an unlawful tribunal condemn$ him = do+ :at e true ,jew mu/ ackn[l$ge to be "r4 ,:e!r1 !n1 !y ackn[l$ge him z ! ,messiah1 or n1 !y mu/ confess t he di$ a m>tyr to 8 zeal = ! law ( ,moses1 & are1 !re=e1 b\nd to re-consid] 8 claims4 ,jesus 0 put to dea?1 n because he violat$ ! ,mosaic precepts1 b because he reprov$ o!rs = _! transgressions--n because he endeav\r$ to ov]turn ! religion ( ,moses1 b because he resolutely def5d$ its tru? aga9/ ^? :o 7 introduc+ a new religion ^u its ru9s4 ,no4 ,,xlvi4 ,,contempt ,,= ,,! ,,female ,,"*4 ,mod]n ,judaism1 or ! religion ( ! oral law1 _c be> ! slighte/ inve/igation4 ,its exi/5ce dep5ds altoge!r ^u a bl9d fai?4 ,z long z a man is will+ to deliv] up 8 und]/&+ into ! h&s ( ! rabbies1 & at _! bidd+ believe t 8 "r h& is 8 left1 z !y require2 s long he may be a zeal\s pr(essor ( ,judaism4 ,b1 ! mom5t t he beg9s to ?9k & to reason1 & to comp>e 8 traditional fai? ) ! doctr9es ( ,moses & ! prophets1 he mu/ beg9 to d\bt1 & if he really has a love = ! law ( ,god1 he mu/ ultimately r5\nce t sup]/ition :i* caus$ ! de/ruction ( ! temple & all ! subsequ5t calamities ( 8 p1 & /ill enslaves ! greate/ portion ( 8 nation4 ,x matt]s n at :i* po9t he views x--its !oretic pr9ciples & its practical effects equally condemn x1 & prove t x is s f> f be+ a revelation f ,god1 t x is n ev5 ! "w ( good or wise m54 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,sanh$r91 :i* we lately consid]$1 exhibits x z a spiritual despotism ! mo/ intol]able2 b ! utt] contempt ) :i* x looks d[n ^u ! female portion ( mank9d makes x to ?is h\r a positive curse to ! daught]s ( ,israel1 & proves t x does n proce$ f ,him :o creat$ male & female1 & pron\nc$ a bless+ ^u ! "o z well z ! o!r4 ,"o ( ! prom95t *>act]i/ics 9 e false religion is ! degradation ( womank9d4 ,! ,mahometan impo/ure debases wom5 to ! level ( ! brute creation4 ,judaism places !m 9 ! same category ) slaves4 ,9 ,mahometan c\ntries1 wom5 are depriv$ ( all culture ( head & he>t4 ,rabb9ism1 z we saw 9 ,no4 #c1 pron\nces t fa!rs are exempt f all obligation to tea* _! daught]s ! law ( ! "l3 b we mu/ proce$ to consid] fully ! e/imate :i* ,rabb9ism tea*es ! ,jews to =m ( _! daught]s1 _! si/]s1 _! mo!rs1 & ev5 ! wife ( _! bosom3 & 9 do+ ?is we %all n g to ! op9ions ( ! ignorant1 ! vici\s1 or ! sup]/iti\s1 b to ! /&>d books ( ! nation4 ,x is n possible to produce 9 ,engli% mu* ( ! sl&]\s ass]tions conta9$ 9 ! ,talmud2 _m are too bad = translation1 b /ill en\gh c be br\ght =w>d to prove satisfactorily t ! rabbies look ^u womank9d ) contempt4 ,x is g5]ally agre$ t ,rambam1 or ,maimonides1 0 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ & enlight5$ ( ! rabbies1 & yet ! contempt :i* he felt = ! female head & he>t appe>s v pla9ly 9 ! foll[+ passage3-- 1 1 1 1 8,let n any man say1 ,behold ,i p]=m ! comm&m5ts ( ! law1 & /udy 9 its wisdom1 9 ord] to obta9 ! bless+s writt5 !re91 or to be wor?y ( ! life ( ! _w to come3 & ,i ab/a9 f ! transgressions aga9/ :i* x w>ns1 9 ord] to be deliv]$ f ! curses writt5 9 ! law1 or t ,i may n be cut (f f et]nal life4 ,x is n "r to s]ve ,god 9 ?is way1 = he t s]ves ?us1 s]ves f fe>1 & t is n ! degree to :i* ! prophets & wise m5 atta9$4 ,no "o s]ves ,god 9 ?is way1 except unle>n$ m5 7,amh>atz971 wom51 & *ildr51 :om !y accu/om to s]ve f fe>1 until _! und]/&+ increases1 s t !y may s]ve f love40 7,hil*o? ,t'%uvah1 c4 x4 #a47 ,"h ,maimonides s9ks wom5 d[n to ! level ( *ildr51 & ev5 classes _! moral & intellectual faculties ) ^? ( ! despis$ ,amh>atz94 ,we saw 9 ,no4 #a t an amha>etz is ( s little value1 t 8 life is n consid]$ m preci\s ?an t ( a fi%1 & su* x appe>s 0 ,rambam's e/imate ( ! value ( a woman4 ,?is mo/ le>n$ rabbi consid]$ x impossible = a woman to love ,god or to s]ve him aright2 & :5 he wi%$ to w>n ! ,jews aga9/ s]v+ ,god 9 an errone\s mann]1 he actually tells !m n to s]ve ,him z ! wom5 d4 ,a m debas+ imputation _c be ca/ ^u a human be+ ?an ?is1 t he is physically incapable ( lov+ ,god or s]v+ ,him aright4 ,if he _h ass]t$ t s9ce ! fall ( ,adam1 ! :ole human race is f> gone f orig9al righte\sness1 & t !re=e ! love ( ,god is n 9 !m1 he w\ld h said :at is ass]t$ 9 ,scripture3 b ! op9ion t wom51 t is1 "o half ( ! human species1 h a physical incapacity to love & s]ve ,god2 & t we are to reg>d !m z a sort ( f+]-po/ = po9t+ out error1 or a notori\s example ( t irreligion :i* we are to avoid1 is to blaspheme ! ,creator1 & to hold up ! :ole female sex to ! univ]sal scorn ( _! sons1 _! bro!rs1 & _! husb&s4 ,x may be said1 9 palliation ( s f\l a libel1 t ,rambam liv$ among/ ,mahometans1 & t he ins5sibly imbib$ ! op9ions ( ! foll[]s ( ! false prophet4 ,n[ x is mo/ true t he c\ld nev] h le>n$ ?is s5tim5t f ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t does n tea* u to look ^u wom5 z ,amh>atz91 b to reg>d !m z rational & responsible be+s1 capable ( do+ ,god ! same acceptable s]vice z m51 liable to ! same awful judgm5t1 & p>tak]s ( ! same bless$ hope4 ,?is apology1 if true1 w\ld only s]ve to excuse ,rambam3 x w\ld n def5d ! s5tim5t itself1 b on ! contr>y1 /amp x z ,mahometan4 ,x is n true1 h[ev]1 t ,rambam imbib$ ?is notion f int]c\rse ) ,mahometans3 he le>n$ x 9 ! oral law1 :i* has su* a l[ op9ion ( wom5 z to pron\nce _! te/imony invalid4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,!re are t5 sorts ( disqualification1 & e "o 9 :om any "o ( !m is f\nd1 he is disqualifi$ f giv+ evid5ce2 & ^! are !y--wom51 slaves1 *ildr51 idiots1 deaf p]sons1 ! bl9d1 ! wick$1 ! despis$1 relations1 & ^? int]e/$ 9 _! te/imony--behold ^! are t540 7,hil*o? ,edu?41 c4 ix4 #a47 ,n[1 x w be obs]v$ t ^! t5 classes may be r$uc$ to two--^? :o are disqualifi$ by physical or intellectual infirmity1 z *ildr51 idiots1 deaf & bl9d p]sons2 & secondly1 ^? ^: moral integrity is expos$ to suspicion1 z slaves1 wick$ & despis$ p]sons1 relations1 & ^? :o h an int]e/ 9 ! cause4 ,to "o ( ^! two classes wom5 mu/ belong3 !y are disqualifi$ ei!r because ( incapacity1 or because _! moral feel+ may n be tru/$1 & 9 ei!r case are treat$ ) a mo/ unm]it$ contempt4 ,x is true1 t ! rabbies endeav\r to prove t ! law ( ,moses excludes wom5 f giv+ te/imony1 say+-- 8,wom5 are disqualifi$ by ! law f giv+ te/imony1 = x is said1 #8,at ! m\? ( two witnesses1' :]e ! ^w witness is ( ! mascul9e1 n ! fem99e g5d]20 b ?is pro( is altoge!r inconclusive2 on ! same pr9ciple x might be prov$ t wom5 might break all ! t5 comm&m5ts1 = !y are all giv5 9 ! mascul9e g5d]4 ,inde$ x is self-evid5t t ,god c\ld n h giv5 a law s absurd4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( cases1 :]e1 if wom5 c\ld n give evid5ce1 all ! ends ( ju/ice w\ld be defeat$4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! fam\s judgm5t ( ,solomon1 :]e ! two wom5 laid claim ea* to ! liv+ *ild4 ,9 ?is case !re c\ld be no te/imony b t ( ! wom5 !mselves1 & ,solomon did n s5d !m away because !y 7 wom54 ,take also ! case ( ,boaz & ,ru?4 ,:5 ,boaz wi%$ to m>ry ,ru?1 x 0 necess>y fir/ to r$eem ! inh]itance1 & = ?is x 0 absolutely necess>y to prove t ,ru? 0 ! wife ( ,naomi's son4 ,b !re 0 no te/imony b t ( ! wom5 !mselves4 ,elimele*1 ,*ilion1 & ,mahlon1 7 all dead1 & ! m>riage _h tak5 place 9 a =eign l&1 yet we d n read ( any difficulties be+ rais$4 ,boaz himself1 ,naomi's k9sman1 & ! eld]s ( ,israel1 appe> all to h be5 p]fectly satisfi$4 ,! disqualification ( wom51 !re=e1 0 n orda9$ by ,moses1 b is ! inv5tion ( ! rabbies1 & %[s t ! rabbies _h s l[ an op9ion ( ! intellect or ! integrity ( wom51 z to ?9k ei!r t wom5 are s half-witt$ z n to be fit to give te/imony1 or s di%one/ z n to be tru/$ 9 ! te/imony :i* !y may give4 ,b ?is degradation ( ! female "* is n conf9$ to ! rabb9ic c\rts ( law4 ,!y h d>$ to c>ry x ev5 into ! h\se ( ,god1 & to make x prom95t 9 ! public wor%ip ( ! ,creator4 ,! oral law has orda9$ t no public wor%ip1 nor inde$ _m religi\s solemnities1 c be p]=m$1 unless !re be t5 p]sons pres5t1 b f ?is numb] x has c>efully exclud$ ! wom51 det]m9+ t-- 8,x is necess>y t all ^! t5 be free & adult m540 7,ora* ,*aiim1 #ee47 ,s t if !re %\ld be t5 ?\s& wom5 9 ! synagogue1 !y are c\nt$ z nobody1 & unless !re be t5 m5 !re c be no s]vice4 ,h5ce x is t ! daught]s ( ,israel are nev] suff]$ to appe> z p>ticipators 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god1 b are compell$ to look on f a di/ance1 z if !y _h nei!r "p nor lot 9 ! matt]4 ,n[ :at reason is !re :y wom5 %\ld n be reg>d$ z wor%ipp]s8 ,are !y n rational be+s8 are !y n creatures ( ,god8 are !y n heirs ( immortality j z well z ! m58 ,w !y n jo9 9 ! praises ( ! r$eem$ 9 ,p>adise2 or is ! ,mahometan doctr9e true1 t wom5 h no s\ls8 ,c]ta9ly1 :5 "o looks at ! ,jewi% synagogue1 "o w\ld ?9k s4 ,be=e m>riage ! wom5 nev] g !re at all1 & aft] m>riage h[ seldom4 ,on ! ,b>b>y coa/ !y h>dly ev] g1 & 9 ,pol& h[ common is x1 :il/ ! m5 are 9 ! synagogue at pray]1 to see _! wives outside loit]+ & *att+1 z if ! public wor%ip ( ,god 0 no conc]n ( !irs4 ,ev5 9 ?is c\ntry ! att5dance ( females is n at all equal to t ( ! m54 ,h[ contr>y is ?is /ate ( ?+s to ! comm& ( ,god 9 ! ,psalms1 8,bo? "y m5 & maid5s2 old m5 & *ildr52 let !m praise ! "n ( ! ,"l40 7,psalm cxlviii4 #ab1 #ac47 ,& aga91 8,let e ?+ t ha? brea? praise ! ,"l40 7,psalm cl4 #f47 ,h[ diff]5t is ! condition ( ! ,jewi% females "u ! oral law1 f t describ$ by ,moses3--8,:5 ,miriam1 ! prophetess1 ! si/] ( ,a>on1 took a timbrel 9 h] h&2 & all ! wom5 w5t out aft] h]1 ) timbrels & ) dances4 ,& ,miriam answ]$ !m1 ,s+ ye to ! ,"l1 = he ha? triumph$ glori\sly40 7,exod4 xi4 #ba47 ,!n ! wom5 7 p]mitt$ to unite 9 ! noble/ "w t c engage ! s\l ( human be+s1 ! praises ( our ,god4 ,b n[ !y are %ut out1 accord+ to ! ord9ance ( ! rabbies--!y are n reckon$ among/ ,god's wor%ipp]s1 & if t5 ?\s& ( !m %\ld g to ! synagogue1 unless !re %\ld also be a suffici5t numb] ( m51 a disciple ( ! rabbies w\ld c\nt !m z nobody1 & n ?9k x wor? 8 :ile to read pray]s = !m4 ,a law l ?is _c possibly proce$ f ,god1 ,he makes no su* diff]5ce betwe5 male & female4 8,he delighte? n 9 ! /r5g? ( ! horse2 he take? n pleasure 9 ! legs ( a man40 7,ps4 cxlvii4 #aj47 8,! sacrifices ( ,god are a brok5 _s2 a brok5 & contrite he>t1 ,o ,god1 ?\ wilt n despise0 7,ps4 li4 #ag72 no matt] :e!r x be male or female4 ,b ! oral law is n cont5t ) degrad+ wom5 by refus+ to numb] !m z a "p ( ! congregation1 x actually prescribes a =m ( daily pray] expressive ( _! contempt4 ,e day ! m5 say-- 8,bless$ art ?\1 ,o ,"l1 our ,god6 k+ ( ! univ]se1 :o ha? n made me a woman40 ,:il/ ! wom5 are direct$ to say-- 8,bless$ art ?\1 ,o ,"l our ,god6 ,k+ ( ! univ]se1 :o ha? made me accord+ to 8 w40 7,daily ,pray]s1 p4 #f47 ,! pr\d b5$iction ( ! m5 is f\nd$ altoge!r on ! oral law1 :i* promises rew>ds n to ! /ate ( ! he>t1 b to ! ext]nal op]ation ( keep+ ,god's comm&s1 & z _m ( !m _c be kept by ! wom51 intimates t ! m5 w h a great] rew>d4 ,?is pray]1 or r ?anksgiv+1 ref]s especially to ! /udy ( ! law1 f :i* !y suppose ! woman to be disp5s$1 & = :i* !y expect no small rew>d 9 ! _w to come1 & ^u :i* !y pride !mselves1 p>ticul>ly 9 ?is pres5t life4 ,! man :o rememb]s ! day ( judgm5t1 :5 ! secrets ( all he>ts %all be reveal$1 or be>s 9 m9d t ! di/9ction ( sex1 l ! diff]5ce ( rank or (fice or nationality1 is only = ?is _w1 w f9d b little reason = (f]+ up any su* ?anksgiv+4 ,he kn[s t ,god w r5d] to e human be+1 n accord+ to sex1 b accord+ to de$s2 & feel+ t all1 bo? male & female1 are s9n]s1 w see t su* arrogance is unbecom+ at all times1 & p>ticul>ly odi\s at ! mom5t :5 he comes to ask p>don ( ,him 8:o spie? out all our ways40 ,in/ead ( despis+ o!rs1 "u ! pret5ce ( ?ank+ ,god1 ! truly dev\t man w be mu* m ready to take up ! language ( ,david1 & say--8,ent] n into judgm5t ) ?y s]vant1 ,o ,"l2 = 9 ?y sight %all no man liv+ be ju/ifi$40 ,x appe>s1 f ^! quotations1 t ,maimonides did n le>n 8 contempt = womank9d f ! ,mahometans1 b f ! oral law & ! pray]s ( ! synagogue4 ,mod]n ,judaism disqualifies a woman f giv+ evid5ce1 %uts h] out f ! /udy ( ,god's ,^w1 excludes h] f ! numb] ( 8 wor%ipp]s1 & ev5 9 its pray]s to ,god pron\nces h] z no?+ bett] ?an a hea!n1 or a slave3 = 9 ! prec$+ b5$ictions1 ! man says fir/--8,bless$ art ?\1 ,o ,god1 c41 :o ha? n made me a hea!n20 !n1 8,bless$ art ?\1 c41 :o ha? n made me a slave20 &1 f9ally1 8,bless$ art ?\1 c4 :o ha? n made me a woman40 ,n[ we ask e ,jew & ,jewess1 into ^: h&s ?is book may fall1 :e!r a religion :i* tea*es "o-half ( ! human race to despise & degrade ! o!r half1 c possibly come f ,god8 or :e!r x is n ! inv5tion ( n>r[-m9d$ & va9-glori\s m58 ,ev5 reason itself w\ld tell u t ,god c nev] tea* u to despise ! works ( 8 own h&s1 & /ill less to hold up ! "m :o bore u1 or ! companion :o has %>$ all our joys & sorr[s1 to ! scorn ( a privileg$ class ( human be+s4 ,& yet ?is is :at ! oral law does1 & !reby %[s t x does n proce$ f ,him :o inspir$ ,moses & ! prophets4 ,! writ+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t furni% no w>rant = female degradation4 ,!y comm5ce by tell+ u t ! woman z well z ! man 0 =m$ 9 ! image ( ,god1 & t ?\gh woman 0 fir/ l$ into transgression1 yet t %e %\ld h ! hon\r ( giv+ bir? to him :o %\ld bruise ! s]p5t's head4 7,g54 iii4 #ae47 ,!y tell u f>!r1 t :5 ,god 0 pleas$ to give ! comm&m5ts f ,s9ai1 t he exact$ ( all *ildr5 to hon\r ! "m z well z ! fa!r--8,hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m40 ,b h[ is x possible = any "o to hon\r 8 "m :o despises h] z an inf]ior be+1 does n look ^u h] z fit to give evid5ce 9 a c\rt ( law1 & ev5 makes x a matt] ( public ?anksgiv+ t he is n l h]8 ,surely su* an "o is mu* m l him ( :om x is said-- 8,a fooli% man despise? 8 "m40 7,prov4 xv4 #bj47 ,! oral law is1 9 ?is respect1 altoge!r inconsi/5t ) ! law ( ,god4 ,! =m] tells fa!rs to leave _! daught]s )\t any religi\s education1 & ! latt] supposes t !y h be5 s well taught z to be able to tea* _! sons4 ,?us ,solomon says1 m ?an once1 8,my son1 keep ?y fa!r's comm&m5t1 & =sake n ! law ( ?y "m10 4 7,prov4 vi4 #bj47 ,b h[ is x possible = ^? ,jewi% mo!rs1 9 ,pol& or ,africa = in/ance1 :o _c ev5 read !mselves1 to tea* _! sons8 or1 ev5 suppose !y c\ld read1 h[ c a son believe 9 8 "m's in/ruction1 :5 ! oral law tells him t %e is n qualifi$ to give te/imony8 ,b ! ,bible does n tea* u m]ely to h a respect = our own "m1 b %[s z g5]ally t ,god is no respect] ( p]sons1 & t he be/[s 8 gifts ^u all4 ,x pres5ts to our view _m wom51 z ,s>ah1 ,rebecca1 ,miriam1 ,deborah1 & ,hannah1 z examples ( piety1 & in=ms u t 9 ! "t ( salvation1 he w p\r out 8 ,_s ^u all fle%1 )\t any di/9ction ( sex or nation4 8,& x %all come to pass aft]w>d1 t ,i w p\r out my _s ^u all fle%2 & y\r sons & y\r daught]s %all prophesy40 7,joel iii4 #a4 ,9 ! ,engli% ,bible1 ii4 #bh47 ,yea1 z if to mock ! rabbies & ! oral law1 ,god adds1 t x %all be giv5 ev5 to ! male & female slaves4 8,yea1 ev5 ^u ! s]vants & h&maids1 9 ^? days1 w ,i p\r out my _s40 ,! two classes ( human be+s :om1 next to ! ,amh>atz91 ! oral law treats ) ! mo/ indignity1 are wom5 & slaves3 b ,god's ?\ghts are n l ! rabbies' ?\ghts1 & he1 !re=e1 graci\sly /&s =? z ! v9dicator ( ! oppress$1 & promises ev5 to ^! classes ! gift ( prophecy4 ,"h aga91 !n1 we see t 8z f> z ! ea/ is f ! we/10 s diff]5t is ,god's law f ! pres5t religion ( ! ,jewi% p4 ,! religion ( ! rabbies is a gr9d+ tyranny1 oppressive to ! ,g5tiles1 to slaves1 yea1 & to all unle>n$ ,jews1 & t does n ev5 sp>e ! wives1 ! mo!rs1 & ! daught]s ( ,israel4 ,:]ev] ! oral law c h its full sway1 z 9 ,mahometan c\ntries1 ! wom5 are left totally de/itute ( le>n+ & religion--!y are n ev5 taught to read4 ,9 n "o ( ^? c\ntries is a s*ool = female *ildr5 to be f\nd4 ,x is only 9 ,*ri/ian l&s t ! daught]s ( ,israel get any education1 or ev] atta9 to any?+ l t /ation :i* ,god de/9$ !m to fill4 ,:]ev] ! light ( ,*ri/ianity %9es1 h[ev] feeble1 x ameliorates ! condition ( ! female portion ( ! ,jewi% nation1 & compels ev5 ! disciples ( ,rabb9ism to take a little m c>e ( _! s\ls & _! intellects4 ,jewi% females are !re=e deeply indebt$ to ! doctr9es ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,if he _h n ris5 up aga9/ ! oral law1 !y w\ld be univ]sally class$ ) slaves1 idiots1 & ,amh>atz94 ,he has deliv]$ !m f ?is degradation4 ,let !m !n consid] ! religion ( ,jesus1 & ! religion :i* ! rabbies h taught !m1 & !n let !m decide :i* is mo/ b5eficial to _! temporal & et]nal welf>e4 ,! religion t comes f ,god mu/ be b5eficial to all 8 rational creatures4 ,a religion t oppresses or disda9s any "o class1 & deprives !m ( religi\s in/ruction1 _c come f him4 ,no4 ,,xlvii4 ,,polygamy4 ,great & /rik+ is ! diff]5ce ( position :i* womank9d occupies 9 ,europe & 9 ! c\ntries ( ! ,ea/4 ,9 ! latt] !y are m5's slaves3 9 ! =m] 8 companions4 ,9 ! latt] !y are objects ( contempt ev5 to _! own sons4 ,9 ! =m] !y are ! hon\r$ in/rum5ts to imp>t ! fir/ elem5ts ( le>n+ & religion4 ,"h 9 ,europe !y appe> z co-heirs1 ) man1 ( reason1 ( intellect1 ( lib]ty & immortality2 b !re !y seem to be an inf]ior race ( be+s1 at ! v mo/ a bett] sort ( dome/ic animal4 ,t ! ,european /ate ( ?+s is m agreeable to ,god's int5tion 9 ! creation ( male & female is evid5t f ! consid]ation1 t !re "o half ( ! human race is doom$ to degradation & mis]y1 :il/ "h !y enjoy a becom+ respect1 & a mu* l>g] portion ( happ9ess2 & /ill m f obs]v+ ! effects ( ! two sy/ems4 ,"h ! intellectual & moral p[]s ( mank9d h f> advanc$ t[>ds p]fection1 b !re ! human race is /ill debas$ & b>b>\s4 ,n[ t1 :i* makes happy & improves1 mu/ necess>ily be m agreeable to ,god's purpose 9 creation1 ?an t :i* degrades & makes unhappy2 & ?is argum5t w also g f> to prove t ano!r /rik+ feature ( diff]5ce1 :i* di/+ui%es ! ,we/ f ! ,ea/1 is also m 9 accordance ) ! w ( ,god2 we mean ! fact t "h m5 h only "o wife1 :il/ !re !y h _m4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ?is *>act]i/ic ( ,european life conduces mu* to ! well-be+ & ! peace ( families1 z well z to ! moral & intellectual improvem5t ( individuals4 ,9 ^! two great advantages & means ( happ9ess ! ,jewesses ( ,europe p>ticipate4 ,!y are n illit]ate slaves l _! si/]s 9 ! ea/1 nei!r d !y divide _! husb&s' affections ) _m4 ,"h ! ,jews1 l ! ,*ri/ians1 h only "o wife4 ,x becomes1 !re=e1 a mo/ int]e/+ subject ( inquiry to "k to :at ! ,european ,jewesses are indebt$ = ?is sup]iority ( respect & happ9ess4 ,is x to _! own religion1 or to ! religion ( ,*ri/ians1 t is1 is x to ,judaism or ,*ri/ianity8 ,we might answ] at once1 t ,judaism has c]ta9ly n produc$ ?is salut>y diff]5ce1 = !n x w\ld h produc$ ! same effect 9 ,mahometan c\ntries1 b we pref] ref]r+ to ! oral law itself4 ,we h already %[n t mod]n ,judaism degrades wom5 to ! level ( slaves & ,amh>atz93 we %all n[ prove t ! ,jewesses are n indebt$ to x = ! abolition ( polygamy4 ,:5 ,napoleon assembl$ ! fam\s ,p>isian ,sanh$r91 he propos$ ?is "q to ! ,jewi% deputies1 8,is x lawful = ,jews to m>ry m ?an "o wife80 ,to :i* !y return$ ! foll[+ answ]3--8,x is n lawful = ,jews to m>ry m ?an "o wife3 9 all ,european c\ntries !y con=m to ! g5]al practice ( m>ry+ only "o4 ,moses does n comm& expressly to take sev]al2 b he does n =bid x4 ,he seems ev5 to adopt t cu/om z g5]ally prevail+1 s9ce he settles ! rights ( inh]itance betwe5 *ildr5 ( diff]5t wives4 ,al?\gh ?is practice /ill prevails 9 ! ,ea/1 yet _! anci5t doctors h enjo9$ !m to re/ra9 f tak+ m ?an "o wife1 except :5 ! man is enabl$ by 8 =tune to ma9ta9 sev]al4 ,! case has be5 diff]5t 9 ! ,we/2 ! wi% ( adopt+ ! cu/oms ( ! inhabitants ( ?is "p ( ! _w has induc$ ! ,jews to r5\nce polygamy4 ,b z sev]al individuals /ill indulg$ 9 t practice1 a synod 0 conv5$ at ,worms 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 compos$ ( "o hundr$ rabbies1 ) ,gu]son 7,g]%om7 at _! head4 ,?is assembly pron\nc$ an ana!ma aga9/ e ,israelite :o %\ld1 9 future1 take m ?an "o wife4 ,al?\gh ?is prohibition 0 n to la/ = ev]1 ! influ5ce ( ,european mann]s has univ]sally prevail$40 7,transactions ( ! ,sanh$r91 p4 #aej47 ,a m evasive1 false1 & inconsi/5t answ] has r>ely be5 giv5 to a pla9 /raight=w>d "q4 ,fir/ !y say decid$ly1 t x is n lawful = ,jews to m>ry m ?an "o wife3 !n !y sp5d a page 9 contradict+ !mselves1 & at la/ ackn[l$ge t ! abolition ( polygamy 0 fir/ ow+ to ! ana!ma ( a rabbi1 & t x is n[ to be attribut$ to ! influ5ce ( ,european mann]s4 ,b :at are ,european mann]s8 ,:at religion d ,europeans pr(ess8 ,pla9ly ! religion ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 s t "h ! ,jewi% deputies ackn[l$ge t if ,jewi% wives h n got ?ree or f\r or m rivals %ut up ) !m 9 ! same h\se1 !y owe ?is b5efit to ,*ri/ianity4 ,b we mu/ n re/ satisfi$ ) ?is answ] ( ! ,p>isian deputies2 we mu/ ask ! oral law itself1 :e!r x is lawful = ,jews to m>ry m ?an "o wife1 & mu/ he> ! oral law's reply4 ,x answ]s ?us3-- 1 8,a man may m>ry _m wives1 ev5 a hundr$1 ei!r at once1 or "o aft] ! o!r1 & 8 wife _c prev5t x1 provid$ t he is able to give to ea* suitable food1 clo?+1 & m>riage-duty40 7,iad ,ha*asakah ,hil*o? ,i%u?41 c4 xiv4 #c47 ,?is is r diff]5t doctr9e f t ( ! ,p>isian ,sanh$r94 ,"h x is pla9 t ! oral law all[s a man to h m ?an "o wife1 & does n /9t him at all z to ! numb]4 ,! ,arbah ,turim tea*es precisely ! same doctr9e1 except t x advises a man n to m>ry m ?an f\r3-- 1 1 8,a man may m>ry _m wives1 = ,rabba says x is lawful to d s1 if he c provide = !m4 ,nev]!less1 ! wise m5 h giv5 good advice1 t a man %\ld n _m m ?an f\r wives40 7,ev5 ,haez]1 #a47 ,s f> !n z ,judaism is conc]n$1 polygamy is lawful2 & a ,jew t w\ld ev5 re/rict himself accord+ to ! advice ( ! rabbies1 might /ill h f\r wives4 ,x is n 8 religion t tea*es him to be cont5t ) "o3 & !re=e1 we mu/1 f>!r1 inquire h[ x is t ! ,jews1 :o consid] polygamy lawful1 d n indulge 9 x4 ,! ,p>isian deputies h already in=m$ u t x /ill prevails 9 ! ,ea/1 & t x prevail$ 9 ,europe until ! elev5? c5tury1 :5 ,r4 ,g]%om ana!matiz$ x4 ,9 ! place j cit$ we f9d a simil> /atem5t3-- 1 1 1 8,9 a place :]e ! cu/om is to m>ry only "o wife1 x is n p]mitt$ to m>ry m ?an "o woman4 ,r4 ,g]%om ana!matiz$ any "o t %\ld _m a second1 :il/ 8 wife 0 alive2 b ?is ana!ma does n ext5d to ! case ( ! wid[ ( a bro!r1 :o has di$ )\t *ildr51 nor to ! case ( a woman :o is only betro!d4 ,?is ord9ance1 h[ev]1 does n obta9 9 all l&s1 & ! ana!ma 0 only to la/ until ! end ( ! fif? ?\s& ye>s40 ,h5ce x appe>s t be=e ,r4 ,g]%om1 polygamy 0 lawful & practis$ by ! ,jews 9 ,europe1 b t he =bade x except 9 p>ticul> cases2 & fur!r1 t ,r4 ,g]%om's prohibition 0 only tempor>y1 x 0 to h full =ce until ! end ( ! fif? ?\s& ye>s1 t is1 until ! ye> #abdj ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,?is p]iod is h[ long pa/1 = ! ,jews reckon ?is ye> #eeig1 & ,g]%om's ana!ma has !re=e lo/ its =ce2 consequ5tly1 ! only ob/acle1 :i* _! religion oppos$ to polygamy has be5 remov$1 &1 s f> z consci5ce is conc]n$1 e pr(essor ( ,judaism mu/ feel himself at lib]ty to m>ry z _m wives z he likes4 ,he kn[s t ,r4 ,g]%om's ana!ma has expir$1 & if he goes to ! codes ( ,jewi% law1 he f9ds t x is left d\btful4 ,= in/ance1 ! note on ! passage j cit$ says-- 1 8,nev]!less1 9 all ^! c\ntries ! ord9ance & ! cu/om rema9 9 =ce1 & x is n lawful to m>ry two wives2 & he t transgresses & does s is to be compell$ by ana!ma & excommunication to divorce "o ( !m4 ,b "s say t 9 ! pres5t "t he t transgresses ! ana!ma ( ,r4 ,g]%om is n to be compell$1 = ! five ?\s& ye>s h be5 complet$ long s9ce2 b ! cu/om is n accord+ to ?is40 ,"h !n are two op9ions4 ,! mo/ /rict ( ! two is1 t polygamy is n[ n lawful1 & t he :o m>ries two wives mu/ divorce "o ( !m3 b ev5 ?is _c be v satisfactory to ! woman :om he fir/ m>ri$1 = x does n def9e :i* ( ! two is to be divorc$4 ,x only requires t "o ( !m %\ld be divorc$1 & leaves x to ! man himself to divorce :i* he pleases4 ,! o!r op9ion is1 t polygamy is n[ lawful1 & t he is n to be compell$ to divorce ei!r4 ,h5ce x appe>s t x is n ,judaism :i* protects ! rights & ! happ9ess ( ,jewi% wom51 or ! peace & com=t ( ,jewi% families4 ,! influ5ce & ! laws ( ,*ri/ianity =bid polygamy4 ,to ,*ri/ianity1 !n1 ,jewi% females are indebt$1 n only = ! /ation :i* !y hold 9 society1 b = ! peace :i* !y enjoy 9 _! homes4 ,:]ev] ,*ri/ianity has no p[]1 !re ! ,jews may take z _m wives z !y please3 & if ev] ,judaism %\ld obta9 supreme p[]1 ,jewesses mu/ expect to be aga9 degrad$ into ! category ( slaves & ,amh>atz91 & to h _! dome/ic peace annihilat$ by ! introduction ( new wives & families4 ,x may be repli$1 t ?is objection applies ) equal =ce to ! writt5 law1 = t ,moses himself all[s polygamy4 ,b to ?is we answ]1 t ,moses only tol]at$ polygamy1 b t he %[s cle>ly t x 0 n ! purpose ( ,god1 t m5 %\ld h m wives ?an "o4 ,he f\nd an evil cu/om exi/+ among/ a p debas$ by ,egyptian slav]y1 & l a wise re=m]1 he did n comm5ce 8 improvem5ts by de/roy+ all t exi/$1 b endeav\r$ to re/ra9 ! evil1 to %[ t x 0 contr>y to ,god's orig9al in/itution1 & to po9t out ! consequ5ces4 ,he did n imm$iately pron\nce x unlawful1 = t w\ld h be5 att5d$ ) s]i\s inconv5i5ces1 b by ! direction ( ,god gave laws to protect ! wives & *ildr54 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,g5esis--he %[$ t ,god's w 01 t a man %\ld h only "o wife1 = t he did n create sev]al wom51 b only "o4 ,he gives ! words ( ,god1 say+1 8,x is n good t ! man %\ld be alone3 ,i w make him an help meet = him0 :]e 8help0 is 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 to %[ t man 0 n to h m ?an "o help meet = him4 ,& aga91 ^? words1 8,!re=e %all a man leave 8 fa!r & 8 "m1 & %all cleave unto 8 wife10 n unto 8 wives1 b to 8 wife2 :]e x is also to be obs]v$1 t ,god is lay+ d[n a law1 n = ,adam only1 b = com+ g5]ations4 ,by exhibit+ ! orig9al in/itution ( m>riage 9 ,p>adise1 :il/ man 0 yet innoc5t1 & /at+ ! orig9al law & purpose ( ,god1 ,moses pla9ly %[$1 t ,god's w 01 t a man %\ld h only "o wife4 ,he !n goes on to %[1 t ! fir/ :o dep>t$ f ?is orig9al in/itution 0 ,lame*1 "o ( ! wick$ desc5dants ( wick$ ,ca94 8,& ,lame* took unto him two wives10 7,g54 iv4 #ai17 :om he held up z a w>n+1 record+ ( him only t he _h two wives1 & t he 0 a murd]]4 ,) ?is he contra/s ! conduct ( ,noah & 8 sons1 :o _h only "o wife ea*4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! patri>*s he %[s ! evil consequ5ces ( polygamy4 ,he %[s t x 0 n ! w ( ,abraham to take a second wife1 b t ,s>ah 9 h] eag]ness to h *ildr5 misl$ him1 & t discord & dome/ic tr\ble soon foll[$4 ,& by all ! tr\bles :i* ! sons ( ,i%mael h s9ce inflict$ ^u ! *ildr5 ( ,isaac1 ,god has1 9 8 provid5ce1 confirm$ ! moral to be drawn f ! ,mosaic n>rative4 ,moses !n po9ts out ! happ9ess ( ,isaac1 :o _h only "o wife2 & ! tr\bles ( ,jacob1 :o1 n by 8 own *oice1 b by ! wick$ness ( ,laban & ! folly ( ,laban's daught]s1 _h m ?an "o2 & la/ ( all1 ,moses gave 9 himself an example ( ! conduct :i* he wi%$ ,israel to pursue by hav+ only "o wife himself4 ,a c>eful exam9ation1 !re=e1 ( ! law ( ,moses w %[ t he only tol]at$ polygamy z an exi/+ evil1 b t he int5d$ to disc\rage x1 by exhibit+ ! orig9al in/itution ( m>riage1 & ! _m evils t result f a dep>ture f ,god's purpose4 ,:51 !re=e1 we %[ t ! oral law p]mits m5 to h m wives ?an "o1 & t consequ5tly x is acc\ntable = all ! evil !nce result+1 we _c be *>g$ ) reproa*+ ! law ( ,moses4 ,! oral law says expressly1 t a man may m>ry _m wives1 ev5 a hundr$4 ,! law ( ,moses n[h]e says any ?+ ( ! k9d4 ,x only legislates 9 case t su* a ?+ %\ld happ54 ,! oral law pla9ly advises a man n to take m ?an f\r wives4 ,! law ( ,moses holds up ! evil ( hav+ m ?an "o4 ,if m5 w\ld c>efully read ! law ( ,moses1 !y w\ld see t ! orig9al int5tion 01 t a man %\ld h only "o wife4 ,b if a man foll[ ! oral law1 he w be enc\rag$ to take z _m z he c support4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t if ! ,jews 9 ,europe d n practise polygamy1 _! conduct is n to be ascrib$ to ! influ5ce ( ,judaism1 b ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is1 fur!r1 evid5t t ?is ,*ri/ian practice ( hav+ only "o wife1 _c be object$ to z an unau?oriz$ alt]ation ( ! law ( ,moses4 ,if ,r4 ,g]%om 0 all[$ to =bid polygamy1 & ! ,jews consid]$ !mselves b\nd to obey him1 !y _c reasonably object to ! ,*ri/ian laws on ! same subject4 ,*ri/ianity has only effect$ by its influ5ce :at ,r4 ,g]%om endeav\r$ to accompli% by ana!ma4 ,! only diff]5ce is1 t ,*ri/ianity 0 fir/1 & t ,r4 ,g]%om le>nt ! evil ( polygamy f ,*ri/ians4 ,if x 0 lawful = a rabbi1 x 0 /ill m lawful = ! ,messiah to re/ore ! orig9al con/itution ( m>riage z e/abli%$ 9 ,p>adise1 & to deliv] ,jewi% wives & families f all t confusion & discord :i* results f polygamy4 ,b x is p>ticul>ly des]v+ ( notice t ,r4 ,g]%om1 by =bidd+ ! ,jews to h m wives ?an "o1 made a great & decid$ *ange 9 ! oral law4 ,t :i* ! oral law all[s1 ,r4 ,g]%om =bids4 ,we grant1 inde$1 t by ?us *ang+ ! oral law1 he approximat$ to ! m9d & int5tion ( ,moses3 b he alt]$ ! oral law1 & !reby %[s u t he himself did n believe t ! oral law 0 to la/ = ev]1 or t x is ( et]nal obligation4 ,if he _h consid]$ x un*angeable1 he w\ld n h d>$ to make ! *ange2 b by mak+ s important a *ange z ?is1 to =bid :at x all[s1 he pla9ly %[s x z 8 op9ion1 t :]e !re is a grave reason1 ! oral law may be *ang$ or aboli%$2 & all ! ,jews :o acquiesce 9 8 ord9ance1 & ?9k x is unlawful to m>ry m wives ?an "o2 cons5t to ! *ange4 ,b if x be lawful to *ange 9 "o ?+1 x mu/ also be lawful to *ange 9 ano!r1 s t ! rabb9ical ,jews h no reason :atev] = reproa*+ _! bre?r5 :o r5\nce ! oral law totally4 ,su* p]sons are only act+ ^u a pr9ciple practically ackn[l$g$ by all ! ,jews ( ,europe4 ,x may be said t ,r4 ,g]%om's *ange 0 only tempor>y1 & t ! pres5t acquiesc5ce ( ,european ,jews is only a sort ( homage to ,*ri/ian pr9ciples4 ,?is is c]ta9ly true1 & ?is reply leads u to consid] ! dre>y prospect pres5t$ to ,jewi% females1 if ev] mod]n ,judaism %\ld obta9 p[]4 ,! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciple w\ld !n cease1--polygamy w\ld aga9 be lawful1 & ! matrons ( ,israel1 :o n[ appe> z ! p>ticipators 9 ! family gov]nm5t & ! guides ( _! h\seholds1 w\ld aga9 be degrad$ into "o ( a h]d ( female slaves4 ,!y might h a hundr$ competitors & rivals 9 _! husb&s' affections1 & ev5 if ! husb& %\ld foll[ ! advice ( ! rabbies1 & take only f\r wives1 !y w\ld at lea/ h ?ree4 ,n[1 we ask e matron 9 ,israel :e!r %e w\ld wi% su* a *ange1 or :e!r %e w\ld pref] ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 :]e a man c h only "o wife8 ,if %e pref]s ! pres5t /ate1 !n %e pref]s ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 & ackn[l$ges t ,*ri/ianity is bett] ?an ,judaism4 ,if %e does n wi% = ! re/oration ( polygamy1 !n %e confesses t ! doctr9es ( ,judaism are injuri\s1 & t %e does n desire ! triumph ( h] own religion4 ,!n :y %\ld %e pr(ess a religion :i* %e ackn[l$ges to be prejudicial to h] welf>e--or :y %\ld %e reject a religion :i* protects h] peace & com=t8 ,!re c be no "q1 t ,*ri/ianity has prev5t$ among/ ! ,jews t practice ( hav+ _m wives2 x has1 !re=e1 be5 a bless+ to ,jewi% families = c5turies2 :y1 !n1 %\ld !y despise or oppose a religion :i* has be51 & /ill is1 a bless+8 ,& we propose ?is "q1 n only to ,jewi% wives1 b to ,jewi% husb&s4 ,is x n a fact1 t ,god's orig9al in/itution 0 t a man %\ld h only "o wife--does n ,moses %[ t ! fir/ polygami/ 0 a desc5dant ( wick$ ,ca91 &1 t family discord & unhapp9ess is ! consequ5ce ( hav+ m wives ?an "o8 ,does n reason1 & ! /ate ( ,mahometan c\ntries1 %[ t :]e !re are _m wives1 woman is degrad$1 & ! education ( *ildr5 necess>ily neglect$8 ,is n ! moral1 ! intellectual1 & sci5tific progress ( mank9d greatly sup]ior 9 ,*ri/ian c\ntries1 :]e m5 h only "o wife8 ,is n1 !n1 ! practice ( hav+ only "o wife a bless+8 ,has x n be5 a bless+ to ,jewi% husb&s1 wives1 & *ildr58 ,are n1 !n1 ! ,jews deeply indebt$ to ,*ri/ianity = t measure ( peace & moral improvem5t :i* !y h d]iv$ f ?is practice8 ,& w\ld n an adh]5ce to _! own oral law 9 ! same degree h prov$ a disadvantage1 if n a curse8 ,h[1 !n1 c !y oppose a religion :i* has be5 to !m a bless+8--or h[ c !y adh]e to a religion :i* conta9s pr9ciples subv]sive ( _! dome/ic peace1 & de/ructive to ! well-be+1 & ! moral & intellectual improvem5t ( "o-half ! human race8 ,! rabbies say1 t ! oral law is et]nal 9 its obligation3 if s1 !n polygamy is to be et]nal 9 its cont9uance1 & !n m5 are nev] to return to t /ate ( p]fection :i* !y enjoy$ 9 ,p>adise4 ,:o is !re t does n see t ! race ( m5 0 mo/ happy :5 s9 0 unkn[n1 & mo/ p]fect 9 intellect :5 he c\ld hold conv]se ) ! ,deity & dwell 9 ! g>d5 ( ,god8 ,b if ,judaism be true1 m5 are nev] aga9 to enjoy t /ate1 = !n polygamy 0 unkn[n4 ,adam _h only "o wife2 & until s9 ent]$ into ! _w1 & rip5$ ev5 into murd]1 no man _h two wives4 ,judaism is1 !re=e1 oppos$ to ! pure & p]fect /ate ( ?+s t exi/$ 9 ,p>adise1 & fav\rable to t confusion introduc$ by ! murd]\s ,lame*1 ! son ( murd]\s ,ca9--& ,*ri/ianity resembles1 9 its pr9ciples ( m>riage1 ! happy /ate orda9$ by ,god 9 ,p>adise4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ano!r & a practical pro( t ! oral law is n ( ,god4 ,its au?ors totally misund]/ood ! m9d & purpose ( ,moses1 ! s]vant ( ,god1 & mis9t]pret$ 8 tempor>y tol]ation ( an exi/+ evil into a positive p]mission & sanction = cont9u+ x4 ,we h also ano!r pro( ( ! div9e orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,no4 ,,xlviii4 ,,divorce4 ,:5 ,god deliv]$ ! comm&m5ts at ,s9ai1 he plac$ ^? :i* relat$ to himself fir/1 to tea* u t our fir/ duty is to love & s]ve him3 & imm$iately aft] ^! he gave ! comm& 8,hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m10 to %[ u t1 next to himself1 we are b\nd to rev]5ce1 to love1 & to obey ^? to :om we owe our exi/5ce4 ,?is ord] ( ?+s 0 n an arbitr>y *oice1 b f\nd$ 9 t natural con/itution ( creation :i* ,god orda9$ z mo/ conducive to ! intellectual & moral well-be+ z well z to ! happ9ess ( 8 creatures4 ,he does n comm& u to love & s]ve ,him1 & ,him only1 m]ely because ,he has ! light on ! "o h&1 & x is our b\nd5 duty on ! o!r2 b because a con=mity to 8 w is an approximation bo? to wisdom & happ9ess4 ,nei!r does he tell u to hon\r fa!r & "m1 because we owe !m all su* rev]5ce1 z f !m we h d]iv$ our be+1 & to !m are indebt$ = all ! c>e & affection ) :i* !y h t5d$ & wat*$ ov] our infancy2 b because ,he has himself con/itut$ ! relation ( p>5t & *ild1 & orda9$ p>5tal affection & filial duty z ! means ( promot+ our welf>e 9 "t & 9 et]nity4 ,any religion1 !re=e1 ^: t5d5cy is to r5d] ob$i5ce to t comm& impossible1 mu/ n only be contr>y to ! w ( ,god1 b to ! happ9ess ( man2 & ?is is "o ( ! _m reasons = :i* we ?9k t ,judaism mu/ be false4 ,! religion ( ! oral law has a direct t5d5cy to dim9i% a son's respect = 8 "m4 ,we d n mean to say t 9 ?is or any o!r ,*ri/ian c\ntry ,jewi% sons despise _! mo!rs4 ,! co-exi/5ce ( ,*ri/ianity necess>ily c\nt]acts ! developm5t ( rabb9ical pr9ciples4 ,we int5d only to exhibit ! natural & necess>y consequ5ces1 if !re 7 no c\nt]act+ =ce4 ,! contempt :i* ! oral law p\rs ^u wom5 9 g5]al1 & ! enc\ragem5t :i* x gives to polygamy h necess>ily ! effect ( less5+ _! respect bo? 9 ! eyes ( _! husb&s & _! sons1 & ?is t5d5cy is /ill m increas$ by ! rabb9ic doctr9e ( divorce1 :i* we n[ propose to consid]4 ,! law ( ,moses p]mits divorce "u c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,x says1 8,:5 a man ha? tak5 a wife1 & m>ri$ h]1 & x come to pass t %e f9d no fav\r 9 8 eyes1 because he ha? f\nd "s uncleanness1 1 9 h]2 !n let him write h] a bill ( divorcem5t1 & give x 9 h] h&1 & s5d h] out ( 8 h\se10 c4 7,deut4 xxiv4 #a47 ,b ?is p]mission1 f\nd$ on grave & important consid]ations1 ! rabbies h p]v]t$ into an unlimit$ lic5ce to divorce on ! mo/ trifl+ pretext4 1 1 8,! s*ool ( ,%amai says1 ,a man is n to divorce 8 wife unless he %all f9d "s uncleanness 9 h]1 = !y int]pret ! v]se accord+ to its simple mean+1 if %e f9d no fav\r 9 8 eyes on acc\nt ( 8 f9d+ "s uncleanness 9 h]4 ,! s*ool ( ,hillel ?9ks1 t if a woman let ! bro? burn x is suffici5t = !y int]pret ! words1 #8a matt] ( uncleanness1' to mean1 ,ei!r uncleanness1 or any o!r matt] 9 :i* %e has (f5d$ him4 ,b ,r4 ,akiva ?9ks1 t a man may divorce 8 wife1 if he only f9d ano!r h&som] ?an %e is1 = he int]prets ! v]se ?us1 #8,if %e f9d no fav\r 9 8 eyes1' :]e he expla9s fav\r to ref] to ! fav\r ( beauty1 or if he f9d a matt] ( uncleanness4 ,b ! legal decision is accord+ to ! s*ool ( ,hillel1 t is1 if a wife s9 aga9/ h] husb&1 he may divorce h]40 7,arbah ,turim1 ,hil*o? ,gitt941 #a47 ,?is mon/r\s passage is 9 itself suffici5t to %ake ! au?ority ( ! oral law1 = 9 ! fir/ place we f9d ?ree grave au?orities1 ,%amai1 ,hillel1 & ,akiva1 all diff]+ z to ! s5se ( a mo/ important passage1 be>+ ^u a subject t mo/ ne>ly affects ! happ9ess & well-be+ ( human society4 ,"o ( ! grave/ que/ions t c be prop\nd$ is1 ,:5 is a man ju/ifi$ 9 divorc+ 8 wife8 ,if !re be an oral law at all1 x ought c]ta9ly to answ] ?is "q cle>ly1 unequivocally1 & satisfactorily4 ,! exi/5ce ( disputation %[s t ^! ?ree rabbies _h no au?oritative tradition on ! subject1 b 7 m]ely giv+ _! own private op9ions3 & t !re=e ! ass]tion1 t an oral law exi/s1 is a m]e fiction inv5t$ to impose ^u ! cr$ul\s1 b insuffici5t to beget fai? 9 any man or woman t w make use ( ! reason giv5 by ,god4 ,! old fable1 t ,god caus$ a voice to be he>d f heav51 say+1 :5 ! rabbies diff]1 8,t bo? speak ! words ( ! liv+ ,god10 w n d n[4 ,e "o c und]/& t ,god does n speak contradictions4 ,no "o w believe t ! pr(ane s5tim5t ( ,r4 ,akiva1 ,t a man may divorce 8 wife z soon z he f9ds ano!r :o pleases him bett]1 c proce$ f ! ,god ( hol9ess & ju/ice4 ,x is true t 8 op9ion is n ! law2 b ! op9ion ( ,hillel1 :i* is ! law1 is n a :it bett]4 ,x pron\nces t if a woman only spoil ! bro? %e may be divorc$3 n[ ?is int]pretation or ! words ( ,moses is pla9ly contr>y to ! grammatical s5se3 is 9 ,regim5 77 & jo9$ to by a muna*1 & c !re=e by no means be sep>at$ f x s z to signify 8,ei!r uncleanness or "s o!r matt]40 ,! words ( ,moses1 ! po9ts1 & ! acc5ts1 all decide t !re is only "o cause = :i* a man may put away 8 wife4 ,hillel & 8 successors h wilfully pass$ by ! pla9 s5se ( ! ,hebrew words1 9 _! eag]ness to obta9 a facility = putt+ away _! wives4 ,!y 7 n ignorant ( ! "r s5se1 = t 0 pla9ly ass]t$ by ,%amai1 b 7 det]m9$ to get rid ( x2 & su* 0 ! /ate ( ! ,jews at ! "t1 t !y _h influ5ce en\gh to turn _! false int]pretation into law2 & su* has be5 ! /ate ( ! ,jews ev] s9ce1 t x cont9ues law to ?is v h\r4 ,a rabb9ical ,jew may1 accord+ to 8 religi\s t5ets1 turn away 8 wife1 ! "m ( 8 *ildr51 on a pretext t w\ld h>dly ju/ify ! dismissal ( a s]vant4 ,he may rudely te> asund] ! sacr$ ties ( conjugal affection1 & sep>ate betwe5 "m & *ildr51 if ! unhappy woman %\ld only make a mi/ake 9 h] cook]y4 ,"o ( ! wor/ *>ges br\ght aga9/ ! slave-deal]s 01 t !y _h no respect ei!r = mat]nal or filial affection2 t !y sep>at$ betwe5 "m & *ildr54 ,! v same accusation c be br\ght aga9/ mod]n ,judaism1 :i* legitimatizes ! v same disreg>d = ! feel+s ( a "m4 ,c1 !n1 su* a religion1 :i* ?us d>+ly snaps ! ties ( nature1 be f ,god8 ,is x possible t ,god %\ld ?us expose "o half ( 8 rational creatures to ! caprice & ! tyranny ( ^? :o ought to be _! def5d]s & protectors f e insult & e h>m8 ,if ! same "r 7 giv5 to wom51 ?\gh ! laws w\ld be mo/ contr>y to ! div9e in/itution ( m>riage1 x w\ld at lea/ h ! appe>ance ( ju/ice2 b ?is is d5i$4 ,! oral law says1-- 1 1 8,! words1 #8,if %e f9d no fav\r 9 8 eyes1' tea*1 t ! husb& does n divorce except volunt>ily2 & if ! woman be divorc$ aga9/ 8 w1 %e is n divorc$4 ,b ! woman is divorc$ ) or )\t h] w40 7,jad ,ha*azakah ,hil*o?1 ,g]u%91 c4 #a1 #b47 ,accord+ to ?is doctr9e ! happ9ess ( ! wife & ! *ildr5 is absolutely ve/$ 9 ! p[] ( ! man2 & 9 any p>oxysm ( ill-hum\r1 he may make !m bo? unhappy = life2 he may turn ! "m out ( h] home1 drive h] =? l a crim9al f ! bosom ( h] family1 & introduce a /rang]4 ,:o does n see t ?is is a p[] unfit to be tru/$ to ! h&s ( any man or any p8 ,we d n mean to impute any?+ peculi> to ! ,jews2 we believe t z to _! natural prop5sities1 hum\rs1 & caprices1 all m5 are mu* alike1 & t !re=e none ought to h ! p[] ( ?us lightly break+ up ! dome/ic con/itution4 ,x is no answ] to ?is to say1 t 9 ?is c\ntry divorce is n s lightly practis$4 ,?anks to ! p[] ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciple & ! exi/5ce ( ,*ri/ian laws1 x _c be4 ,b e "o1 :o has _h mu* opportunity ( see+ rabb9ical ,jews1 kn[s t divorce is practis$ among/ !m ) a facility & frequ5cy t is a/oni%+4 ,b ?is is n ! "q2 we are n exam9+ ,jewi% mann]s1 b ! mod]n ,jewi% religion2 & if divorce _h nev] be5 practis$1 we %\ld /ill pron\nce ( ! oral law1 :i* inculcates su* pr9ciples1 t x _c be f ,god2 & ( its au?ors t !y 7 bad m51 or !y w\ld nev] h ?us trifl$ ) ,god's mo/ holy in/itution4 ,! tru? is1 t ! rabbies 7 altoge!r ignorant ( ! nature ( m>riage z ,god e/abli%$ x4 ,!y n only all[ divorce on ! mo/ trifl+ pretext1 b !y sanction ! practice ( m>ry+ = a giv5 l5g? ( "t1 &1 :5 t "t is expir$1 ( dissolv+ ! m>riage by divorce3-- 1 8,a man mu/ n m>ry a woman ) ! int5tion ( divorc+ h]2 b1 if he previ\sly in=m h] t he is go+ to m>ry h] = a season1 x is lawful40 7,hil*o? ,gitt9 9 ,ev5 ,haez]1 #a47 ,n[ h[ contr>y is su* doctr9e to ! express words ( ,scripture4 8,?is is bone ( my bones1 & fle% ( my fle%4 ,!re=e %all a man leave 8 fa!r & 8 "m1 & %all cleave unto 8 wife2 & !y %all be "o fle%40 7,g54 ii4 #bc47 ,"h ,adam1 9 8 /ate ( innoc5ce1 pron\nces t ! tie ( m>riage is m sacr$ & m b9d+1 ?an ev5 t :i* exi/s betwe5 p>5t & *ild4 ,a man may1 & = 8 wife's sake %all1 =sake fa!r & "m1 b %\ld no m ?9k ( sep>at+ f 8 wife1 ?an f 8 own bones & fle%4 ,:o w\ld lightly ?9k ( p>t+ ) a limb1 or a portion ( 8 body8 ,urg5t1 inde$1 mu/ be ! necessity t w induce a man to p]mit ! sep>ation ( a portion ( himself1 & equally urg5t %\ld be ! cause t %\ld move a man to "p ) h] :o is bone ( 8 bones1 & fle% ( 8 fle%4 ,su* is ! ,mosaic doctr9e ( ! m>riage obligation2 b s little did ! rabbies und]/& x1 t !y p]mit a man to m>ry = a week1 a mon?1 or a ye>2 & :5 t season is expir$1 to te> asund] ! sacr$ ties1 & t )\t any cause :atev]4 ,b ! evid5t evil t mu/ result f ! rabb9ic doctr9e ( divorce is /ill m app>5t f ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ! passage la/ quot$--8,a man mu/ n m>ry a woman ) ! int5tion ( divorc+ h]40 ,^! words %[ ! direct t5d5cy ( ! doctr9e4 ,:5 p[] is giv5 to a man to turn out 8 wife :5 he likes1 a temptation is at once held out to ! evil-dispos$ to m>ry ) ! express int5tion ( divorc+4 ,! rabbies1 !re=e1 f9d x necess>y to =bid x2 b is x likely t ?is prohibition w h mu* =ce 9 ! eyes ( a man :o is wick$ en\gh to =m ! int5tion8 ,& suppose a wick$ man does =m ! int5tion1 & execute x1 :at rem$y _h ! poor injur$ woman8 ,?us ! oral law leaves ! daught]s ( ,israel completely at ! m]cy ( ! unpr9cipl$1 & places !m beyond ?is possibility ( obta9+ ju/ice4 ,b ! cruelty & total want ( feel+ :i* ! oral law displays & tea*es1 ) reg>d to wom51 appe>s /ill m pla9ly f ! foll[+ extract3-- 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 8,if a man's wife %\ld become deaf & dumb1 he gives h] a bill ( divorce1 & %e is divorc$4 ,b if %e become insane1 he is n to s5d h] =? until %e is recov]$3 & ?is ?+ is an ord9ance ( ! wise m51 t %e %\ld n become a prey to ! immode/1 because %e is n able to take c>e ( h]self4 ,! husb& !re=e1 leaves h] :]e %e is1 & m>ries ano!r1 & gives h] meat & dr9k out ( h] own prop]ty4 ,b he is n to be compell$ to give h] food & raim5t1 & duty ( m>riage1 = x is n 9 ! p[] ( a sane p]son to dwell 9 "o h\se ) ! insane4 ,nei!r is he obligat$ to h h] cur$1 nor to ransom h]4 ,b if he %\ld divorce h]1 !n %e is divorc$1 & is to be put out ( 8 h\se3 & he is n obligat$ to return & take any tr\ble ab\t h]40 7,hil*o? ,g]u%91 x4 #bc47 ,pr9ciples m contr>y to ,god's ,^w1 & to ! common feel+s ( humanity1 7 nev] inculcat$ "u ! "n ( religion4 ,we h be5 a/oni%$ at ! cruelty ) :i* ! oral law treats ,g5tiles--we h be5 horrifi$ at ! coolness ) :i* x speaks ( splitt+ op5 an ,amha>etz--b "h x surpasses itself1 & out-h]ods ,h]od4 ,a man accu/om$ to judge ( 8 duty by ! words ( ,moses & ! prophets1 or ev5 to foll[ toe dictates ( unsophi/icat$ nature1 w\ld conclude t1 z he is at all times b\nd to love & *]i% 8 wife1 ! obligation is d\bly imp]ative 9 case ( sickness1 b especially s :5 t sore/ calamity ) :i* human frailty is visit$1 insanity1 attacks ! p>tn] ( 8 life4 ,!n x is t ! man1 :o has "o sp>k ( ! fe> ( ,god or ( ! love ( man1 w %[ all 8 t5d]ness1 wat* ov] ! suff]] ) all c>e & anxiety1 & if necess>y1 devote all 8 worldly goods to m9i/] to h] recov]y4 ,no1 says ! oral law1 :5 ! wife ( y\r bosom mo/ requires y\r att5tion1 !n m>ry ano!r3 give h] nei!r food nor raim5t1 &1 if y please1 ca/ h] out ( y\r h\se1 & leave h] to h] fate4 ,! mo/ *>itable conclusion w\ld be1 to suppose t ! m5 :o utt]$ su* s5tim5ts "u ! mask ( religion1 7 !mselves insane4 ,b :at are we to ?9k ( ,israel1 t = eighte5 hundr$ ye>s !y h be5 unable to detect s manife/ an impo/ure8 ,& :at are we to ?9k ( ,israel at pres5t1 t !y sit /ill & suff] _! *ildr5 to be delud$1 by be+ taught t ?is mo/ atroci\s sy/em ( inhumanity1 is t pure & holy religion :i* ! ,god ( ,israel reveal$ to ,moses8 ,let n any ,israelite mi/ake u4 ,we d n mean to *>ge su* wick$ness ^u !m4 ,! ,provid5ce ( ,god has 9 a measure deliv]$ !m f su* an odi\s yoke4 ,! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity has successfully c\nt]act$ ! full developm5t ( ^! anti-human pr9ciples4 ,we only mean to direct _! att5tion to ! nature ( t religion to :i* !y h adh]$ s long2 & to induce !m to consid] :at w\ld be ! /ate ( ! _w1 if ,jesus ( ,naz>e? _h n aris5 to prote/ aga9/ su* gross corruptions1 & to ass]t ! tru?4 ,j suppose t ! traditions _h triumph$4 ,! univ]sal law w\ld !n be1 t m5 might divorce _! wives :5 !y please1 & 9 ! "t ( _! calamity ca/ !m =? into ! /reets4 ,all ! bonds ( natural affection w\ld be r5t asund]4 ,conjugal affection w\ld cease1 filial duty be unkn[n--no son w\ld hon\r 8 "m1 = h[ c\ld a son hon\r ! unhappy be+ :om 8 religion pron\nces unwor?y ei!r ( succ\r or compassion 9 ! "t ( h] utmo/ ne$8 ,if su* pr9ciples _h atta9$ dom9ion1 mank9d w\ld h be5 turn$ into a race ( fi5ds1 & ?is e>? h become a hell4 ,:at1 !n1 has /opp$ all ?is mis]y8 ,*ri/ianity1 & ,*ri/ianity alone4 ,x tea*es v diff]5t pr9ciples4 ,:5 a ,*ri/ian man is m>ri$1 ! v[ :i* he is requir$ to make is ?is--8,wilt ?\ h ?is woman to ?y w$d$ wife1 to live toge!r aft] ,god's ord9ance 9 ! holy e/ate ( matrimony8 ,wilt ?\ love h]1 com=t h]1 hon\r1 & keep h] 9 sickness & 9 heal?2 &1 =sak+ all o!r1 keep !e only unto h]1 s long z ye bo? %all live80 ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,ph>isees ask$ ! ,"l ,jesus1 8,is x lawful = a man to put away 8 wife = e cause8 ,& he answ]$ & said unto !m1 ,h ye n read1 t ,he :i* made !m at ! beg9n+ made !m male & female1 & said1 ,= ?is cause %all a man leave fa!r & "m1 & %all cleave to 8 wife2 & !y twa9 %all be "o fle%8 ,:]e=e !y are no m twa91 b "o fle%4 ,:at !re=e ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r1 let n man put asund]40 7,matt4 xix4 #c-g47 ,9 l mann]1 ,paul tea*es1 8,s ought m5 to love _! wives z _! own bodies4 ,he t love? 8 wife love? himself40 7,ephes4 v4 #bh47 ,& ,pet] tea*es 9 ! same _s1 8,likewise1 ye husb&s1 dwell ) !m accord+ to k1 giv+ hon\r unto ! wife1 z unto ! weak] vessel1 & z be+ heirs toge!r ( ! grace ( life2 t y\r pray]s be n h9d]$40 7#a ,pet] iii4 #g47 ,let any unprejudic$1 yea1 or any prejudic$1 man1 if he h only ! use ( 8 s5ses1 comp>e ^! two doctr9es1 & say :i* is mo/ agreeable to ! w & "* ( ,god1 z reveal$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t--&1 :i* is mo/ calculat$ to promote ! happ9ess ( ! human race4 ,! comb9ation ( m]cy & ju/ice =ms a /rik+ feature 9 ! reveal$ "* ( ,god1 b is !re ei!r ju/ice or m]cy 9 ! laws :i* we h j consid]$8 ,! happ9ess ( ! human race dep5ds1 9 a m ?an ord9>y measure1 ^u ! "r organization ( ! family relations3 b h[ c !re be any su* ?+ z dome/ic ord] or peace1 s long z ! "m is look$ ^u z belong+ to an inf]ior ca/e1 :om x is p]mitt$ at any mom5t1 ev5 9 ! mo/ afflictive ( all visitations1 to outlaw1 & drive =? f ! family circle8 ,! uncontroll$ dom9ion ( ! oral law w\ld practically annihilate all ! sympa?ies & consolations ( ! dome/ic con/itution4 ,! husb& c\ld n love ! wife :om 8 religion tea*es to despise1 & =bids to pity4 ,! wife c\ld n love ! husb&1 :om %e mu/ suspect n only ( be+ de/itute ( affection1 b devoid ( pity2 & f :om %e c\ld only expect divorce & expulsion 9 ! h\r ( calamity4 ,! son w\ld le>n to despise 8 "m1 :om 8 religion m>ks out z a fit object = contempt1 & a suitable victim = ! ex]cise ( cruelty4 ,! "m1 ca/ out by h] own p>tn]1 w\ld n ev5 h ! consolation ( be+ piti$ by h] own *ildr54 ,a false religion w\ld h taught !m t ?is unnatural conduct 0 only ob$i5ce to ! ,div9e w4 ,! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity1 on ! contr>y1 produce & protect all t dome/ic happ9ess :i* di/+ui%es ,*ri/ian c\ntries f ! re/ ( ! _w2 & 9 :i* ,jews p>ticipate4 ,! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity has prev5t$ t mis]y ( :i* we h giv5 b a fa9t outl9e4 ,c1 !n1 ! ,jews d5y t ,*ri/ianity has be51 & is1 to !m a bless+8 or t x is1 9 its pr9ciples & effects1 m agreeable to ! "* ( ,god1 & m productive ( human happ9ess1 & !re=e m excell5t & m true ?an mod]n ,judaism4 ,no4 ,,xlix4 ,,rabb9ic ,,laws ,,conc]n+ ,,meat4 ,consci5ti\s adh]5ce to ! dictates ( true religion is "o ( ! noble/ traits t c adorn ! human "*1 & ?is trait has appe>$ 9 its mo/ vivid light 9 n a few ( ! ,israelite nation4 ,elijah ! prophet1 = in/ance1 is a bright example ( religi\s con/ancy4 ,at a "t :5 all ,israel _h =sak5 ! true ,god1 & zeal\sly pr(ess$ a false religion1 nei!r ! allurem5ts ( self-int]e/1 nor ! p[] ( univ]sal example1 nor ! natural desire ( self-pres]vation1 c\ld draw him aside f ! pa?s ( tru? & righte\sness4 ,daniel & 8 ?ree fri5ds 9 ,babylon exhibit ! same unwav]+ firmness 9 ! ass]tion ( tru?4 ,! ,royal da9ties c\ld n prevail ^u !m to p>take ( food (f]$ to idols4 ,! fi]y furnace c\ld n t]rify ,hananiah1 ,mi%ael1 & ,az>iah1 to commit idolatry2 ! lions' d5 possess$ no t]rors t c\ld move ,daniel to omit ! wor%ip ( 8 ,god4 ,b z con/ancy = ! tru? ennobles & adorns1 9 ! v same degree an ob/9ate p]sev]ance 9 error dim9i%es f man's moral or intellectual value4 ,x %[s ei!r t 8 moral p]ception is s blunt$ z to be unable to disc]n betwe5 tru? & error1 or 8 moral ta/e s p]v]t$ z n to c>e = ! diff]5ce--or t !re is "s intellectual defici5cy :i* r5d]s ! moral p[]s inop]ative4 ,x leads to ! suspicion t !re is some?+ wrong ei!r ) ! head or ! he>t4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a class ( p]sons1 :o p]sev]e 9 error1 n because ! head is weak1 or ! he>t sick1 b because !y h nev] fairly beheld ! light ( tru?4 ,!y h gr[n up 9 a mi/ ( error1 & circum/ances h prev5t$ !m f em]g+ into a pur] atmosph]e4 ,to ?is class1 we w\ld hope1 ! pr(essors ( mod]n ,judaism belong4 ,t !y h be5 = c5turies 9 error is c]ta94 ,_m inconte/able pro(s ( ?is h be5 already advanc$2 ,! rabb9ic laws conc]n+ 1 or ! slaught]+ ( animals1 w add ano!r l9k to ! *a9 ( evid5ce4 ,! ,rabb9i/s h an idea t :]ev] !y may be wrong1 9 ?is doctr9e !y are infallibly 9 ! "r2 & yet1 if ! =ce ( education did n af=d "s aid1 x w\ld be impossible to imag9e h[ !y c be deceiv$ by a doctr9e s manife/ly false1 & s entirely devoid ( ,scriptural f\ndation4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! slaught]+ ( bea/s is1 l eat+1 ( e-day & univ]sal conc]nm5t--a matt] t affects ! poor & unle>n$ z mu* z ! /udi\s2 & yet ! rabb9ic rules are s _m & s intricate t ei!r a man mu/ be le>n$ himself1 or employ a man ( compet5t le>n+1 to p]=m ?is bus9ess2 or1 he mu/1 9 spite ( himself1 turn ,py?agorean & r5\nce ! use ( animal food4 ,! oral law gives ! foll[+ outl9e ( :at is to be und]/ood by ! ^w or slaught]+3-- 1 1 1 1 8,x is absolutely necess>y to expla9 ! kill+ 7or slaught]+ m5tion$ 9 ! law71 & to "k1 9 :at "p ( ! bea/ "o slaught]s--:at is ! measure ( ! slaught]+--) :at implem5t "o slaught]s--:5--:]e--& h[ "o slaught]s--:at ?+s !y are :i* invalidate ! act ( slaught]+--& :o is p]mitt$ to slaught]4 ,conc]n+ all ^! ?+s1 ,he has comm&$ u 9 ! law :]e x is said1 #8,!n ?\ %alt kill ( ?y h]d & ( ?y flock1 :i* ! ,"l ha? giv5 !e1 z ,i h comm&$ !e1 & ?\ %alt eat 9 ?y gates :atsoev] ?y s\l lu/e? aft]6' 7,deut4 xii4 #ba470 7,jad ,ha*azakah1 ,hil*o? ,%e*itah1 c4 i4 #d47 ,"h we h at once a li/ ( eight p>ticul>s1 :i* mu/ fir/ be kn[n1 b !n mo/ ( ^! aga9 require a long & le>n$ explanation2 = in/ance ! fir/ is ?us def9$3-- 1 1 1 8,on :at "p ( ! animal is ! slaught]+ to be effect$8 ,on ! w9d-pipe1 f ! edge ( ! uvula d[nw>ds z f> z ! top or ! extremity ( ! lungs1 z ^! p>ts are situat$ :5 ! bea/ /ret*es out its neck to fe$3 ?is is ! place ( ! slaught]+ 9 ! w9d-pipe2 & all ! "p outside :i* answ]s to ?is place1 is call$ ! neck4 ,if ! bea/ =ces itself & /ret*es out its neck mu*1 or if ! slaught]] has =c$ ! s9ews1 & drawn !m upw>ds1 & he slaught]s at ! "r "p ( ! neck1 b aft]w>ds x is f\nd t ! w9d-pipe or ! sophagus is n cut at ! "r place1 !n x is a d\btful case ( c>rion40 7,ibid4 #g47 ,9 l mann]1 ! measure ( ! slaught]+ is accurately def9$1 & mu/ be z accurately att5d$ to1 or else ! slaught]+ mu/ be consid]$ unlawful1 & !n x becomes unlawful = ! ,rabb9i/s to eat x4 ,b ! mo/ c>e is requir$ 9 exam9+ ! knife1 :i* may be ( any mat]ial t w cut1 on condition t !re be no gap 9 x3-- 8,b if !re be any?+ l a furr[ 9 ! edge ( ! implem5t :]e) ! slaught]+ is effect$1 ev5 ?\gh ! furr[ be ! lea/ possible1 ! slaught]+ is unlawful40 ,! slaught]] is !re=e requir$ to exam9e ! knife be=e & aft] ! act2 = if a gap be f\nd 9 x aft] ! slaught]+1 x is d\btful :e!r ! bea/ is n be consid]$ c>rion3-- 8,!re=e he t has to slaught] _m bea/s or _m f[ls1 mu/ exam9e ! knife aft] ea*2 = if he does n1 b exam9es at ! end1 & ! knife is f\nd to h a gap1 !n all are to be consid]$ z d\btful c>rion1 ev5 ! fir/40 7,ibid4 #bd47 ,f ^! few p>ticul>s1 x appe>s t great c>e1 & n a little /udy & practice1 are requir$ 9 ord] to slaught] an animal = food accord+ to ! oral law1 & t x is v easy1 by mi/ake or want ( k1 to make ! meat unfit = rabb9ic eat+3 b !n1 besides all ?is1 !re are ! five circum/ances :i* invalidate ! slaught]+ altoge!r3-- 8,!re are five ?+s :i* invalidate ! slaught]+3 & ! mo/ important ?+ respect+ ! con/itutions ( slaught]+ is1 to att5d to ea* "o ( !m1 & ^! are !y--#a/1 ,if ! p]son makes a /op ( a c]ta9 l5g? be=e ! act is complet$4 #b;d1 ,if ! ?roat be cut at a s+le bl[1 z ) a sword4 #c;d1 ,if ! knife ent]s too deep1 & is hidd54 #d?1 ,:5 ! knife slips up or d[n f ! "r place4 #e?1 ,:5 ! w9d-pipe or sophagus is torn & comes out1 be=e ! act is complet$40 7,ibid4 c4 iii47 ,^! five ess5tials ( rabb9ic slaught]+ lead aga9 to endless que/ions & def9itions2 s t1 putt+ all toge!r1 x is mu* to be d\bt$ :e!r a bea/ ev] 01 or ev] w be1 rightly slaught]$ accord+ to ! oral law4 ,& yet ^! ?+s1 ( :i* !re is n ! slighte/ m5tion 9 ! ,mosaic law1 are ti$ l a heavy burd5 ab\t ! necks ( ! poor & ignorant1 & are mo/ oppressive to _! bodies & _! s\ls4 ,! ri* may n1 p]haps1 feel ! oppression1 b ! poor sigh & groan "u ! load2 & no man consid]s _! sorr[1 or /ret*es out a h& to help !m4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! intricacy ( ! act always makes rabb9ic meat a great deal de>] ?an o!r meat1 s t ! poor man & 8 family1 :o c at any "t1 or "u any circum/ances1 af=d to buy b little food1 are compell$ by ! oral law to d ) /ill less1 & 9 _m cases to d )\t x altoge!r4 ,let any "o visit ! haunts ( ! poor ,jews 9 ?is city1 or ent] _! abodes1 & he w f9d _m a wret*$ family p9+ away = want ( prop] food2 & yet x is too de> to procure a suffici5cy2 & if any b5evol5t ,*ri/ian %\ld wi% to assi/ !m1 (f] !m "s ( 8 own1 or give !m a ticket to "s ( ^? in/itutions :i* di/ribute meat to ! poor1 ! />v+ family w\ld n d>e to accept x1 ev5 if _! consci5ce all[$ !m1 or if !y did1 w\ld inevitably draw d[n ^u !mselves a /orm ( p]secution1 & be treat$ z if !y _h committ$ ! greate/ crimes3 yea1 if ! oral law _h p[]1 ! poor />v+ creatures1 t _h p>tak5 ( ,*ri/ian b\nty1 w\ld be flogg$ = satisfy+ ! wants ( nature3-- 1 8,if a ,g5tile slaught]s1 ev5 ?\gh he does x 9 ! pres5ce ( an ,israelite1 ) a prop] knife1 8 slaught]+ is c>rion2 & he t eats ( x is to be flogg$ accord+ to ! writt5 law1 = x is said1 #8,& "o call !e1 & ?\ eat ( 8 sacrifice4' 7,exod4 xxxiv4 #ae470 ,yea1 ! oral law goes s f> z to ext5d ?is rule ev5 to ! case ( a ,g5tile :o is n an idolat]3-- 8,a v /rong f5ce has be5 made r\nd ?is matt]1 s t ! slaught]+ ev5 ( a ,g5tile1 :o is n on idolat]1 is c>rion40 7,ibid41 c4 iv4 #aa1 #ab47 ,x is h>dly necess>y to say1 t ! above quotation f ! oral law is n[-a-days altoge!r out ( place4 ,moses 0 n speak+ ( ,*ri/ians nor ( ! inhabitants ( ^! c\ntries1 b ( ! nations ( ,canaan4 ,he _h be5 decl>+ ! words ( ! ,"l1 8,behold1 ,i drive out be=e !e ! ,amorite1 & ! ,canaanite1 & ! ,hittite1 & ! ,p]izzite1 & ! ,jebusite40 ,& !n adds1 8,take he$ to ?yself1 le/ ?\ make a cov5ant ) ! inhabitants ( ! l&1 & !y g a :or+ aft] _! gods1 & d sacrifice unto _! gods1 & "o call !e1 & ?\ eat ( 8 sacrifice40 7,exod4 xxxiv4 #aa-ae47 ,s !n1 accord+ to ! oral law1 because ,moses =bade ! ,israelites to p>take ( ! idolatr\s sacrifices ( ! ,hivites & ! ,jebusites1 a poor fami%$ creature "h 9 ,london is n to t\* ,*ri/ian meat1 nor to p>take ( ,*ri/ian b\nty4 ,a m cruel or oppressive law c\ld h>dly h be5 devis$4 ,x is all v well = ! ri*1 b x is v little %ort ( murd] to ! poor4 ,x b9ds _! consci5ces ) fett]s ( iron1 s t ev5 :5 relief is (f]$1 _m turn f good & :olesome food s5t to !m by a k9d ,provid5ce2 & if a sp>k ( light has visit$ ! m9d ( "s victim ( pov]ty1 & he ?9ks x lawful to br+ home ! ,*ri/ian b\nty to save ! lives ( 8 />v+ *ildr51 fe> prev5ts him4 ,p]haps 8 wife is /ill envelop$ 9 all ! d>kness ( sup]/ition1 & w\ld spurn ! pr(f]$ relief z an unclean ?+1 or p]haps 8 *ildr5 might innoc5tly betray him1 & draw d[n all ! weight ( rabb9ic indignation4 ,a gross] insult has r>ely be5 (f]$ to ! ,maje/y ( heav51 ?an to call good & prop] food1 ! "w ( 8 h&s1 c>rion4 ,a mi/ake 9 ! slaught]+1 an ignorance ( ! rabb9ic art1 a ,g5tile h&1 is to be suffici5t to turn ! b\nty ( ,almighty ,god into an unclean ?+1 & to deprive ! poor ( _! daily food4 ,h[ c ! ,jews expect ,god's bless+ s long z ?is /ate ( ?+s cont9ues--h[ c !y be surpris$ if pov]ty & want1 & wret*$ness & scorn1 tread close ^u _! heels1 :5 !y !mselves spurn ,god's b\nty f !m ) disda98 ,z nations deal ) ,god & 8 ^w1 s he deals ) !m1 1 measure = measure2 & !re=e1 s long z ! oral law tea*es !m to scorn 8 b\nty1 & to deprive ! poor ( _! food--s long z ! cries ( ! poor asc5d & ent] into ! e>s ( ! ,"l ( ,ho/s1 s long mu/ !y expect to feel ! rod ( 8 indignation4 ,! times ( ignorance & sup]/ition ,god w9k$ at2 b ^? times h pass$ away4 ,good or bad1 !re is a /ir 9 ! _w--!re is a %ak+ ( all old op9ions1 true & false2 & f its effects ! ,jews h n escap$4 ,!re are _m :o1 = !mselves & _! families1 h r5\nc$ ,rabb9ism--:o eat ,g5tile food1 & "k t 9 do+ s !y commit no s94 ,^! are ! p]sons :o are mo/ guilty 9 look+ ^u ! mis]y ( _! poor bre?r5 )\t pity or conc]n & )\t an ef=t to deliv] !m4 ,! rabb9ic zealot :o w\ld p]secute 8 bro!r = eat+ meat n slaught]$ accord+ to rabb9ic precept is 9 comp>ison innoc5t4 ,he consci5ti\sly ?9ks t he is do+ "r2 b = ! man1 :o himself op5ly transgresses ! oral law1 & yet sees ! faces ( 8 bre?r5 gr\nd by t sy/em1 )\t a s5tim5t ( pity1 !re is no excuse4 ,if he _h ! common feel+s ( humanity1 he w\ld rise up1 fe>less ( all consequ5ces1 & cry out ) all 8 might aga9/ ^? pr9ciples :i* h be5 & are ! curse ( 8 nation4 ,he w\ld /& =? z ! advocate & def5d] ( ! poor--yea1 & he w\ld h ,god's bless+4 ,b s long z ?is class ( anti-rabb9ic ,jews rema9 sil5t1 :e!r f fe> or f int]e/1 or f indiff]5ce1 let !m n boa/ ( _! sup]ior light4 ,let !m n look ) self-complac5cy on ! poor victims ( sup]/ition4 ,!y are !mselves less respectable & m guilty4 ,!y are conniv+ at :at !y "k to be falsehood4 ,!y are ) _! eyes op5 cons5t+ to oppression & />vation4 ,!y are1 by _! sil5ce1 help+ to /r5g!n & confirm a sy/em ( anti-social intol]ance1 :i* has be5 ! s\rce ( all ! calamities :i* _! nation has endur$ = eighte5 c5turies4 ,:at c be m p]nici\s ?an to tea* ! ignorant t ! food :i* _! neighb\rs eat is c>rion1 s unfit = ! n\ri%m5t ( a ,rabb9i/ t he ought to die1 & suff] 8 family to die ( want1 r ?an eat x8 ,is x likely to produce k9dly feel+ on ei!r side1 consid]+ t ! mass ( mank9d is n actuat$ by ! dictates ( reason or ! precepts ( ! ,bible8 ,on ! "o side x is likely to produce pr\d contempt1 & on ! o!r a _s ( retaliation4 ,e ,jew t wi%es well to 8 nation1 & kn[s t ^! rabb9ic pr9ciples are false1 is b\nd to prote/ aga9/ !m4 ,he ought n to be a poor selfi% ?+1 ins5sible to ! wants & ! suff]+s ( o!rs1 b %\ld d :at 9 him lies1 to ass]t :at he kn[s to be ! tru?4 ,& is x necess>y to rem9d su* ( ! mis]y :i* ^! rabb9ic pr9ciples are /ill work+ 9 e "p ( ! _w8 ,"h 9 ,london ! poor are suff]+4 ,9 ! v>i\s t[ns ( ,engl& _m ,jews are suff]+4 ,9 "s places a s+le ,jewi% family is f\nd1 g5]ally poor1 & ! fa!r ignorant ( ! rabb9ic art ( slaught]+3 su* p]sons are compell$ to ab/a9 altoge!r f animal food1 or to d viol5ce to _! consci5ce4 ,! poor ,jews :o g out to ! colonies to seek employm5t are 9 ! same case1 & are preclud$ f tak+ su* situations z require !m to p>take ( ! food ( _! employ]s4 ,ev5 if !y c buy an animal1 !y are n all[$ to kill x = !mselves3-- 1 8,if an ,israelite does n "k ! five ?+s :i* invalidate ! act ( slaught]+1 z we h expla9$1 & slaught]s by himself1 x is unlawful to eat ( 8 slaught]+1 bo? = himself & o!rs2 = ?is case is mu* ! same z t ( d\btful c>rion1 & he t eats ( x a quantity equal to an olive1 is to be flogg$ ) ! flogg+ ( rebellion40 7,ibid41 c4 iv47 ,su* is ! m]cy ( ! oral law1 & su* its ju/ice4 ,x puni%es ! eat+ ( :at ,god has all[$1 ) ! same sev]ity t x w\ld visit a great crime4 ,x makes no provision = ^? num]\s cases ( di/ress :i* we h m5tion$4 ,:e!r "o ( its disciples has or has n food1 x nev] consid]s4 ,)\t reflection & )\t m]cy x s5t5ces e "o1 :o eats meat n rabb9ically slaught]$1 to be flogg$4 ,b1 besides ! cruelty1 :at is ! effect ^u ! m9ds ( its vot>ies8 ,x tea*es !m t to transgress ?is m]e human obs]vance is a s9 ( ! deepe/ die1 m dreadful f> ?an _m :i* ,god has =giv54 ,a ,rabb9i/ w\ld be m griev$ to he> t 8 son _h transgress$ ! law ( slaught]+1 ?an to f9d t he _h be5 guilty ( falsehood4 ,its t5d5cy is directly to draw (f ! m9d f ! weighti] matt]s ( ! law1 judgm5t1 ju/ice1 & m]cy1 & to flatt] ! ill-in=m$ t !y are good ,jews1 if only !y ab/a9 f meat n slaught]$ accord+ to rabb9ic art4 ,let n any ,jew imag9e t we wi% him lightly to transgress ! law ( ,moses1 or to eat ( food :i* ! law ( ,god has =bidd54 ,we n[ speak ( t :i* ,moses has all[$4 ,if a ,jew w\ld see meat (f]$ to idols1 or be invit$ to p>take ( an idolatr\s fea/1 let him ab/a9--let him refuse1 & prote/ z /rongly z he w & c aga9/ ! s9fulness ( su* conduct4 ,b :]e does ,moses =bid ! poor to p>take ( meat slaught]$ by a ,g5tile wor%ipp] ( ! true ,god1 or by an ,israelite :o has n le>n$ ! rabb9ic art8 ,c]ta9ly n 9 t passage to :i* ! oral law ref]s4 ,moses gives a g5]al p]mission to e ,israelite1 )\t exception1 to kill & eat4 8,not)/&+ ?\ maye/ kill & eat fle% 9 all ?y gates1 :atsoev] ?y s\l lu/e? aft]1 accord+ to ! bless+ ( ! ,"l ?y ,god :i* he ha? giv5 !e40 7,deut4 xii4 #ae47 ,he makes no m5tion ( any my/]ies1 connect$ ) ! art ( slaught]+1 ! ignorance ( :i* w\ld disqualify4 ,:y !n %\ld a ,jew be prev5t$ f do+ :at ,moses has all[$--:y %\ld he be flogg$ ) ! flogg+ ( rebellion1 or av[ t t mode & measure ( puni%m5t is impracticable--:y %\ld he be p]secut$ = satisfy+ ! crav+s ( nature1 & endeav\r+ to supply ! wants ( 8 family8 ,!re is n room n[ to %[ fully h[ gr\ndless ! rabb9ic comm&s are2 b ! "o fact ( _! cruelty & oppression ( ! poor is suffici5t to %[ t !y are n f ,god4 ,is x possible t any man 9 8 s5ses c believe t ,god w\ld s5t5ce a poor fami%+ creature to be flogg$ )\t m]cy = do+ :at ! lett] ( ! law all[s him to d8 or1 t ! ,all-wise ,be+1 :o =esees & =ekn[s all ?+s1 w\ld give a sy/em ( laws respect+ food1 :i* mu/ expose a l>ge portion ( 8 *os5 p to want & />vation8 ,! wor%ipp]s ( "s cruel hea!n deity might possibly be l$ to believe su* ?+s1 b ! disciples or ,moses & ! ,prophets "k t ,god is a ,god ( m]cy4 ,let1 !n1 e "o :o has got ! sacr$ books contra/ _! doctr9es ) ^? ( ! rabbies4 ,b1 above all1 let ^? ,israelites1 :o reject ! rabb9ic laws conc]n+ ! slaught]+ ( meat1 %[ t !y h n done x f levity nor indiff]5ce1 b ^u pr9ciple4 ,let !m expla9 to _! bre?r5 ! reasons & ! motives by :i* !y are actuat$1 & let !m prote/1 by ^w & de$1 aga9/ su* cruelty1 oppression1 & intol]ance4 ,no4 ,l4 ,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,messiah4 ,?is season ( ! ye> naturally draws away our ?\ghts f ! subject la/ "u consid]ation1 & rem9ds u ( a rem>kable diff]5ce betwe5 ,jews & ,*ri/ians4 ,! latt] are n[ ab\t to commemorate ! bir? ( ! ,messiah4#cf ,9 two days m ! voice ( praise & ?anksgiv+ w asc5d to ! ,creator & ,pres]v] ( m5 f e "p ( ! _w4 ,on ! froz5 %ores ( ,labrador1 & ! gl[+ pla9s ( ,h9do/an--9 ! isles ( ! sea1 & on ! cont95ts ( ! old & new worlds1 millions ( ,*ri/ians w lift up _! h&s & voices to ?ank ! ,god ( heav5 = 8 unspeakable gift1 & ?is %all be ! burd5 ( _! song1 8,unto u a *ild is born1 unto u a son is giv53 & ! gov]nm5t %all be ^u 8 %\ld]3 & 8 "n %all be call$ ,wond]ful1 ,c\nsellor1 ! mighty ,god1 ! ev]la/+ ,fa!r1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace40 7,isaiah ix4 #f47 ,b among/ ! foll[]s ( ! oral law n a s\nd ( sympa?y w be he>d4 ,n a s+le he>t w beat ) joy1 n a tongue (f] up ! tribute ( praise4 ,"h is a great & s9k+ diff]5ce1 t %\ld naturally lead bo? ,jew & ,*ri/ian to inquire1 ,:o is 9 ! "r3 ,^? :o believe t ,messiah is born1 & joy 9 ! remembrance ( 8 nativity2 or1 ^? :o refuse to jo9 9 ! g5]al rejoic+1 & d5y t ! ,r$eem] has appe>$8 ,! "q is :e!r !re is reason to believe t ! ,messiah 0 born eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago8 & !re are sev]al ways 9 :i* x c be satisfactorily answ]$4 ,an appeal may be made to ! pr$ictions conta9$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 or to ! evid5ce = ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures--or1 x may be %[n t ! ,jewi% rabbies h pla9ly confess$ t ! "t = ! bir? & appe>ance ( ! ,messiah is long s9ce pa/2 & ?is is ! mode :i* we %all adopt at pres5t4 ,! ,jews n[ d5y t ,messiah is come1 & consequ5tly believe t ,*ri/ians are mi/ak5 z to ! "t ( 8 appe>+4 ,if !y _h always said s--if !y _h always assign$ a "t = ! com+ ( ,messiah diff]5t f t 9 :i* ,*ri/ians ?9k ! ,messiah 0 born1 _! pres5t ass]tion w\ld h at lea/ ! m]it ( consi/5cy1 & ! ,jews ( ! pres5t day might urge t _! pres5t belief has be5 inh]it$ f _! fa!rs1 & t ,*ri/ians h adopt$ a notion unkn[n to ! nation at l>ge4 ,b1 if x %\ld appe> t ! anci5t ,jews expect$ ! com+ ( ,messiah at ! v "t1 :51 z ,*ri/ians say1 he did actually come1 !n ! anci5t ,jews te/ify t ,*ri/ians are 9 ! "r1 & t mod]n ,jews are 9 ! wrong1 & ?is is really ! /ate ( ! case4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ,talmud conta9s a g5]al decl>ation t ! "t is long s9ce pa/3-- 8,rav says1 ,! appo9t$ times are long s9ce pa/0 7,sanh$r91 fol4 #ig1 col4 #b71 :]e x is to be not$ t ! ^w is tak5 f ,daniel1 & lit]ally signifies 8,end10 z x is said3-- 8,h[ long %all x be to ! end ( ^! wond]s2 & aga93-- 8,b g ?\ ?y way till ! end be1 = ?\ %alt re/1 & /& 9 ?y lot at ! end ( ! days40 7,daniel xii4 #f-ac47 ,rav 0 !re=e ( op9ion t ! p]iod appo9t$ by ,daniel ! prophet 0 pa/4 ,b is x possible to believe t ! ,god ( tru? w\ld suff] ! "t1 :i* he _h appo9t$1 to pass away )\t accompli%+ :at he _h promis$8 ,:5 ! "t :i* ,god _h fix$ = ! deliv]ance f ,egypt _h arriv$1 n a s+le day 0 lo/4 8,x came to pass at ! end ( ! f\r hundr$ & ?irty ye>s1 ev5 ! self-same day1 x came to pass1 t all ! ho/s ( ! ,"l w5t out f ! l& ( ,egypt40 7,exod4 xii4 #da47 ,:5 ! p]iod fix$ = ! return f ,babylon 0 come1 we read1 8,9 ! fir/ ye> ( ,cyrus1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia 7t ! ^w ( ! ,"l by ! m\? ( ,j]emiah might be accompli%$71 ! ,"l /irr$ up ! _s ( ,cyrus k+ ( ,p]sia1 t he made a proclamation ?r\gh all 8 k+dom40 7#b ,*ron4 xxxvi4 #bb47 ,& c we ?9k t ! ,"l ,god1 :o s graci\sly fulfill$ 8 ^w on ^! occasions %\ld break x ) ref]5ce to ! com+ ( ! ,messiah8 ,rav is ei!r "r or wrong4 ,if he be "r1 !n ! "t fix$ by ,god is long s9ce pa/1 & z ,god _c break 8 ^w1 ! ,messiah mu/ h come long s9ce4 ,b if1 to get out ( a difficulty1 ! ,rabb9i/s say1 t ,rav 0 wrong1 !n we h ano!r pro( t no reliance is to be plac$ on ! doctors ( ! oral law2 inde$ we h a pro( t ! ,rabb9i/s !mselves d n believe x1 except :5 !y l2 & t !re=e !y are n ?or\ghly 9 e>ne/ ab\t _! religion4 ,b1 secondly1 ! anci5t ,jews n only believ$ t ! "t = ! com+ ( ! ,messiah 0 pa/3 !y also fix$ ! exact p]iod3-- 1 1 8,tradition ( ! s*ool ( ,elijah4 ,! _w is to /& six ?\s& ye>s4 ,two ?\s&1 confusion4 ,two ?\s&1 ! law4 ,two ?\s&1 ! days ( ,messiah40 7,sanh$r91 fol4 #ig1 col4 #a47 ,^u :i* ,ra%i rem>ks-- 8,aft] ! two ?\s& ye>s ( ! law1 accord+ to ! decree4 ,messiah ought to h come1 & ! wick$ k+dom %\ld be5 de/9$1 & ,israel's /ate ( s]vitude %\ld h be5 end$40 ,"h1 !n1 x is expressly /at$1 t ,messiah ought to h come at ! end ( ! f\r? ?\s& ye>s1 t is1 accord+ to ! ,jewi% reckon+1 fifte5 hundr$ & n9ety-sev5 ye>s ago2 or1 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian reckon+1 ab\t eighte5 hundr$ & ?irty-six ye>s ago--t is1 at ! v "t :5 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? did appe>4 ,we d n quote ?is tradition because we believe t x is really a tradition ( ! s*ool ( ,elijah1 b to %[ :at 0 ! op9ion ( ! m anci5t ,jews1 & ?is x c]ta9ly does1 if ! g5]al expectation ( ! ,jews at t "t _h n be5 t ,messiah 0 to appe> at ! end ( ! f\r ?\s& ye>s1 ?is tradition1 :e!r g5u9e or =g$1 c\ld nev] h obta9$ curr5cy nor belief4 ,if x be a g5u9e tradition f ,elijah1 !n ! ,messiah is c]ta9ly come4 ,b if x be fictiti\s1 !n x %[s ! g5]al belief ( ! ,jews at ! "t1 & 9 e case proves t ! mod]n ,jews d n hold ! doctr9es ( _! =efa!rs1 b h got a new doctr9e ( _! own4 ,& x fur!r %[s1 t ,*ri/ians d n hold any new or peculi> op9ion ab\t ! "t ( ,messiah's com+1 b t !y believe1 z ! anci5t ,jews believ$1 t ! end ( ! f\r? ?\s& ye>s is ! "r "t ( ,messiah's com+4 ,! only answ] t ! ,jews h1 is1 t ! promise ( ,messiah's com+ 0 conditional ^u _! rep5tance1 b t evasion has be5 long s9ce refut$ 9 ! ,talmud z contr>y to ,scripture3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,r4 ,eliez] said1 ,if ,israel d rep5tance !y w be r$eem$1 b1 if n1 !y w n be r$eem$4 ,r4 ,jo%ua repli$1 ,if !y d n rep5t !y w n be r$eem$3 b ,god w raise up to !m a k+ ^: decrees %all be z dreadful z ,haman1 & !n ,israel w rep5t1 & ?us he w br+ !m back to :at is good4 ,ano!r tradition4 ,r4 ,eliez] said1 ,if ,israel d rep5tance1 !y %all be r$eem$1 = x is said1 #8,turn1 ,o backslid+ *ildr52 ,i w heal y\r backslid+4' ,r4 ,jo%ua repli$1 ,b 0 x n said long s9ce1 #8,ye h sold y\rselves = n\ght2 & ye %all be r$eem$ )\t money1' 7,isaiah lii4 #c47 ,:]e ! words #8sold = n\ght' mean1 = idolatry2 & ! words #8r$eem$ )\t money1' signify1 n = money & good works4 ,r4 ,eliez] !n said1 to ,r4 ,jo%ua1 ,b has x n be5 said long s9ce1 #8,return unto me1 & ,i w return unto y4' 7,mal4 iii4 #g47 ,r4 ,jo%ua repli$1 ,b has x n be5 said long s9ce1 #8,i am m>ri$ unto y1 & ,i w take y "o ( a city1 & two ( a family1 & ,i w br+ y to ,zion4' 7,j]4 iii4 #ad47 ,r4 ,eliez] said1 ,b has x n be5 writt5 long s9ce1 #8,9 return+ & re/ ye %all be sav$4' 7,isaiah xxx4 #ae47 ,r4 ,jo%ua repli$ to ,r4 ,eliez]1 ,b has x n be5 said long s9ce1 #8,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ! ,r$eem] ( ,israel1 & 8 ,holy ,"o1 to him :om man despise?1 to him :om ! nation abhorre?1 to a s]vant ( rul]s1 k+s %all see & arise1 pr9ces also %all wor%ip4' 7,isaiah xlix4 #g47 ,r4 ,eliez] said to him aga91 ,b has x n be5 said long s9ce1 #8,if ?\ wilt return1 ,o ,israel1 return unto me4' 7,j]4 iv4 #a47 ,to :i* ,r4 ,jo%ua repli$1 ,b has x n be5 writt5 long s9ce1 #8,i he>d ! man clo!d 9 l951 :i* 0 ^u ! wat]s ( ! riv]1 :5 he held up 8 "r h& & 8 left h& unto heav51 & swore by ,him t live? = ev]1 t x %all be = a "t & times & half a "t2 & :5 he %all h accompli%$ to scatt] ! p[] ( ! holy p1 all ^! ?+s %all be f9i%$4' ,:]eupon ,r4 ,eliez] 0 sil5t40 ,"h !n1 on ! %[+ ( ! ,talmud itself1 ! op9ion t ! com+ ( ! ,messiah is dep5d5t ^u ,israel's rep5tance1 is false2 & consequ5tly x is true1 t ,messiah 0 to come unconditionally at ! "t appo9t$2 & !re=e1 z ! "t is long s9ce pa/1 ! ,messiah mu/ h come4 ,b ! anci5t rabbies d n leave u to reason ^u _! words2 on ! contr>y1 !y tell u expressly t ,messiah 0 born ab\t ! "t t ! temple 0 de/roy$4 ,9 ! ,j]usalem ,talmud1 ,r4 ,judan tells u a /ory ( a ,jew :o actually w5t & saw him3-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,x happ5$ once to a c]ta9 ,jew1 :o 0 /&+ pl\gh+1 t 8 c[ l[$ be=e him4 ,a c]ta9 ,arab 0 pass+ & he>d its voice2 he said1 ,o ,jew1 ,o ,jew6 unyoke ?9e ox1 & loose ?y pl\gh-%>e1 = ! temple has be5 laid wa/e4 ,x l[$ a second "t1 & he said1 ,o ,jew1 ,o ,jew6 yoke ?9e ox51 & b9d on ?y pl\gh-%>es1 = ,k+ ,messiah is born4 ,! ,jew said1 ,:at is 8 "n8 ,m5a*em4 ,he ask$ fur!r1 ,:at is ! "n ( 8 fa!r8 ,! o!r repli$1 ,hezekiah4 ,he ask$ aga91 ,:5ce is he8 ,! o!r said f ! ,royal resid5ce ( ,be?lehem ( ,judah40 7,b]a*o?1 fol4 #e1 col4 #a47 ,! /ory1 !n1 goes on to tell u h[ he w5t & saw ! *ild1 b :5 he call$ ! second "t1 ! "m told him t ! w9ds _h c>ri$ ! *ild away4 ,we are q will+ to grant t ?is /ory is a fable4 ,we d n quote x because we give x ! slighte/ degree ( cr$it1 b simply to %[ t ! m anci5t ,jews 7 s fully p]suad$ t ! "r "t ( ,messiah's adv5t 0 pa/1 t !y readily believ$ also t he 0 actually born4 ,! ,babylonian ,talmud1 also1 evid5tly takes = grant$ t ,messiah is born1 z appe>s f ! foll[+ leg5d3-- 1 1 8,r4 ,jo%ua1 ! son ( ,levi1 f\nd ,elijah /&+ at ! door ( ! cave ( ,r4 ,simeon b5 ,jo*ai1 & said to him1 ,%all ,i arrive at ! _w to come8 ,he repli$1 ,if ?is ,"l w4 ,r4 ,jo%ua1 ! son ( ,levi1 said1 ,i see two1 b ,i he> ! voice ( ?ree4 ,he also ask$1 ,:5 w ,messiah come8 ,elijah repli$1 ,g1 & ask himself4 ,r4 ,jo%ua !n said1 ,:]e does he sit8 ,at ! gate ( ,rome4 ,& h[ is he to be kn[n8 ,he is sitt+ among/ ! poor & sick1 & !y op5 _! w\nds & b9d !m up aga9 all at once3 b he op5s only "o1 & !n he op5s ano!r1 = he ?9ks1 p]haps ,i may be want$1 & !n ,i mu/ n be delay$4 ,r4 ,jo%ua w5t to him & said1 ,peace be ^u !e1 my ma/] & my ,"l4 ,he repli$1 ,peace be ^u !e1 son ( ,levi4 ,! rabbi !n ask$ him1 ,:5 w my ,"l come8 ,he repli$1 ,to-day 7allud+ to ! words ( ! ,psalm1 ,to-day1 if ye w he> 8 voice740 7,sanh$r91 fol4 #ih1 col4 #a47 ,?is is evid5tly a fiction1 & a pro( h[ little ^? doctors reg>d$ tru?2 b x %[s t he :o inv5t$ x1 & ^? :o receiv$ x1 all equally believ$ t ,messiah 0 born1 & ready wait+ to come =? = ! r$emption ( ,israel4 ,x does1 inde$1 confirm ! common idea1 t ,messiah's adv5t dep5ds ^u ! rep5tance ( ,israel1 = x makes ! ,messiah say t he w\ld come ?is v day1 if ,israel w\ld only he> 8 voice4 ,b if ! ,messiah may any day1 :5 !y rep5t1 come & save ,israel1 !n x is pla9 t he mu/ h be5 born long s9ce4 ,! te/imony ( ! anci5t ,jews1 !n1 goes to e/abli% ^! po9ts--,fir/1 ,t ! "t = ,messiah's adv5t has be5 long pa/2 ,secondly1 ,t ! end ( ! f\r? ?\s& ye>s 0 ! "t :5 he ought to h come3 &1 ,?irdly1 ,t at t "t he did really come2 = ab\t t "t1 !y say1 he 0 born 9 ,be?lehem ( ,judah4 ,f\r?1 ,t he 0 tak5 into ,p>adise1 z ,ra%i expla9s ! gate ( ,rome to mean ! gate ( ,p>adise opposite ,rome2 &1 ,fif?ly1 ,t he is wait+ to return to ?is e>? = ! r$emption ( 8 p4 ,n[ :o is !re t does n see at once1 t ?is agrees 9 ! ma9 ) ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e8 ,we believe t1 at ! end ( ! f\r? ?\s& ye>s1 ! ,messiah 0 born1 & at ?is season ( ! ye> we rejoice at ! remembrance ( ! ,savi\r's bir?4 ,! ,jews refuse to jo9 ) u1 b :o has ! greate/ %[ ( "r8 ,n n[ to speak ( ! prophecies1 & ( ! hi/orical evid5ce :i* we h1 we h ! te/imony ev5 ( our oppon5ts to %[ t we are 9 ! "r4 ,! mo/ anci5t rabb9ical writ+s unanim\sly confess1 t ! "t is pa/1 & t ! ,messiah has be5 long s9ce born1 & ?us te/ify ! correctness ( our fai? respect+ ! "t ( ,messiah's adv5t4 ,*ri/ians1 h[ev]1 g on consi/5tly & believe fur!r1 t ,god did n break 8 ^w1 b p]=m$ 8 promise1 & !re=e we rejoice4 ,! ,jews d n believe1 because !y are s engross$ ) ! temporal deliv]ance ( ! nation1 t !y _c see t ano!r & a great] r$emption 0 necess>y4 ,we d n1 by any means1 wi% to d5y t ,israel is to be re/or$ to ! l& ( promise1 & to inh]it all ! bless+s promis$ 9 ! prophets4 ,on ! contr>y1 we fully believe t ! ,messiah1 :o visit$ ?is e>?1 = a %ort season1 w return & re-e/abli% ! ,!ocracy :i* 0 once ! glory ( ,israel1 & t1 9 a mu* m glori\s =m ?an ,israel ev] saw "u any ( _! k+s4 ,we he>tily wi% ,israel ! enjoym5t ( e bless+ promis$2 b we _c help rememb]+ t ,messiah has ano!r & m important (fice ?an t ( re/or+ ! k+dom to ,israel1 & t is ! r$emption ( ! human race4 ,! highe/ pit* ( national glory & e>?ly prosp]ity w\ld be z no?+1 & less ?an no?+ unless ! *ildr5 ( m5 7 deliv]$ f ! effects ( ,adam's s91 & made p>tak]s ( a good hope ( ev]la/+ life4 ,ev5 ! ga!r+ ( ,israel f all ! ends ( ! e>? w\ld appe> b a v insignificant bus9ess1 if x did n /& 9 imm$iate connexion ) ! et]nal welf>e ( all nations4 ,_m ( ! sons ( m5 h appe>$ z conqu]ors & h]oes1 & h rais$ _! c\ntry to a high degree ( glory1 & conf]r$ ^u !m mu* temporal prosp]ity2 b if ,messiah 0 to be no?+ m1 we confess we %\ld n ?9k him wor? ! hav+4 ,we ?9k ( ! ,messiah z ! ,be+1 9 :om all ! families ( ! e>? %all be bless$1 z ! re/or] inde$ ( ,israel1 b also ,god's salvation unto ! end ( ! e>?4 ,?is is ! doctr9e :i* ,*ri/ianity tea*es1 & :i* is confirm$ by ! law & ! prophets2 & !re=e we rejoice t ?is great ,deliv]] has be5 born--t ,he came at fir/ 9 great humility to bruise ! s]p5t's head1 & to lay d[n 8 life a ransom = _m4 ,we rememb] t ?is bless$ news1 ^! glad tid+s ( great joy1 7 br\ght to u by ,jews2 &1 !re=e1 feel+ our deep obligations1 we desire to %[ our gratitude by invit+ ,israel to come & p>take 9 our joy4 ,we feel assur$ t our joy is no illusion4 ,ev5 ! rabbies !mselves be> witness t ! ,messiah ought to h be5 born1 & 0 born at ! v "t 9 :i* we believe ! ,messiah to h be5 born4 ,b if he 0 born :o 0 he8 ,:at o!r p]son c make any claim to ! ,messiah%ip1 b ,he :om we ackn[l$ge8 ,is x reasonable to believe1 z ! rabbies d1 t ,god actually s5t ! ,great ,deliv]] d[n into ?is wret*$ _w1 & !n took him away aga91 )\t p]mitt+ him to accompli% 8 "w8 ,no2 if ev] he visit$ ?is e>?--& t he did visit x1 bo? ! anci5t ,jews & ,*ri/ians ass]t--he c\ld n h left x aga9 )\t be/[+ ^u its inhabitants a rem$y = _! woes4 ,! anci5t rabbies & ! ,*ri/ians bo? agree z to ! "t ( ,messiah's bir?1 & ! fact ( 8 bir? 9 ,be?lehem4 ,inde$ ! :ole nation practically %[$ _! agreem5t ) ,*ri/ians1 z to ! "t ( ,messiah's adv5t1 by readily foll[+ e milit>y adv5tur]1 :o laid claim to ! "* ( ,r$eem]4 ,ev5 be=e ! de/ruction ( ! temple1 multitudes _h suff]$ by _! cr$ulity2 b imm$iately aft] ! desolation1 ! p & ! rabbies ) "o accord foll[$ ,b> ,*o*ba1 & !reby %[$ ! reality ( _! belief1 t t 0 ab\t ! "t :5 ,messiah ought to appe>4 ,judaism1 !re=e1 tea*es ?is doctr9e--t ,god promis$ ! ,messiah1 t ,god fix$ a "t1 t t "t is pa/1 & yet t ,god did n keep 8 promise4 ,*ri/ianity1 on ! contr>y1 ackn[l$ges ! promise1 recognises ! "t1 believes t ,messiah 0 born1 b believes fur!r t ,god fulfill$ 8 ^w--t ,messiah 0 n c>ri$ away into ,p>adise1 until he _h accompli%$ ! "w t 0 to be done at 8 fir/ adv5t4 ,!n1 inde$1 we ackn[l$ge t ,he asc5d$ into heav51 & sitte? at ,god's "r h&1 f :5ce he w come aga9 = ! f9al r$emption ( 8 p1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! reign ( righte\sness4 ,! only real diff]5ce betwe5 u is1 z to ! ,,v]acity ( ,god4 ,we believe t ,god did n1 & c\ld n1 break 8 ^w4 ,mod]n ,judaism tea*es t ,god broke 8 promise4 ,x is = rational be+s to decide :i* doctr9e is mo/ agreeable to ! ,div9e "*4 ,= our own p>ts1 we w rejoice 9 ,god's un*angeabl5ess1 & say1 9 ! remembrance1 t 8,8 tru? endure? = ev]40 ,footnote #cf3 ,?is numb] 0 orig9ally publi%$ ,decemb] #bc1 #ahcf4 ,no4 ,,li4 ,,slaught]+ ,,( ,,meat1 ,,cont9u$4 ,accord+ to ! confessions ( ! rabbies !mselves1 ! "t = ! adv5t ( ,messiah is long s9ce pa/1 :at is !re !n t prev5ts ! ,jews f believ+ 9 him1 :o came at ! appo9t$ "t8 ,! gr& objection is1 t ! nation is /ill 9 captivity2 !y say t ,messiah ought to h giv5 !m lib]ty4 ,! answ] to ?is objection is1 t ,messiah 0 will+1 & is will+ to ?is h\r1 to give !m lib]ty1 b t !y w n h x4 ,! v fir/ condition ( national lib]ty & indep5d5ce is moral & intellectual emancipation4 ,no nation 0 ev] yet enslav$ until ! he>ts & intellects ( ! p _h fir/ become ! slaves ( corruption or sup]/ition--& no nation t hugs to its he>t ! *a9s ( moral slav]y1 c ev] be made free1 nor c\ld x reta9 its lib]ty if x got x4 ,:5 ,messiah came1 !re=e1 z he f\nd ! ,jewi% nation already "u ! ,roman yoke1 ! v fir/ /ep 0 to endeav\r to emancipate _! he>ts & m9ds1 & to deliv] !m f t moral bondage1 ( :i* _! national degradation 0 only a consequ5ce4 ,?is fir/ /ep ,messiah imm$iately took--he prote/$ aga9/ ! sup]/itions ( ! oral law1 & po9t$ !m to ! p]fect lib]ty ( ,god's writt5 ,^w4 ,b ! nation *ose to reta9 ! cause ( _! mis=tunes1 & to reject ! ov]tures ( deliv]ance4 ,if !re=e !y are /ill 9 a /ate ( national dep5d5ce1 !y mu/ n ca/ ! blame on ,god1 & say t ,he suff]$ ! "t to pass away )\t fulfill+ 8 promise2 nor ^u ! ,messiah1 :5 !y !mselves refus$ to receive t )\t :i* no national lib]ty c possibly exi/4 ,!y *ose to give !mselves1 body & s\l1 z bond-slaves to ! oral law1 !re 01 !re=e1 no possibility ( national r$emption4 ,x w\ld require an act ( omnipot5t co]cion1 su* z ,god does n employ1 to make a nation free aga9/ its w4 ,b p]haps ! ,jews ( ! pres5t day w d5y t !y are 9 a /ate ( moral & intellectual slav]y4 ,we ref] !m1 9 reply1 to ! num]\s pro(s already giv5 9 ^! pap]s1 & especially ! laws ( or slaught]+1 ^u :i* we h a few words to add4 ,:]e 9 all ! _w c a m wret*$ slave be f\nd1 ?an ! man1 :o himself1 toge!r ) 8 family1 is ready to p]i% ( hung]1 & yet d>e n p>take ( :olesome food1 (f]$ by ! provid5ce ( ,god1 because 8 rabb9ical task-ma/]s say1 ,no8 ,b n[ take ano!r in/ance3-- 1 1 8,if a slaught]]1 :o has n _h 8 slaught]+ knife exam9$ be=e a wise man a rabbi1 slaught]s by himself1 8 knife mu/ be exam9$4 ,if x be f\nd 9 good ord] & exam9$1 he is to be excommunicat$1 because he may dep5d ^u himself ano!r "t1 :5 x has a gap 9 x & yet slaught] !re)4 ,b1 if x be f\nd to h a gap1 he is to be depos$ f 8 (fice1 & excommunicat$1 & proclamation is to be made1 t all ! meat :i* he has slaught]$ is c>rion40 7,jad ,ha*azakah1 ,hil*o? ,%'*itah1 c4 i4 #bf47 ,"h we h ! same slav]y & ! same cruel oppression4 ,9 ! fir/ place we see ! int5tion to make ! ,jews entirely dep5d5t ^u ! rabbies4 ,! ,jews are n to eat meat unless x be slaught]$ z ! rabbies direct1 & ! slaught]] himself is n ev5 to d t1 :i* he kn[s to be "r accord+ to ! oral law1 )\t ! express sanction ( ! rabbies4 ,all are to be 9 bondage1 n m]ely to ! oral law1 b to ! rabbi = ! "t be+4 ,!y are to h no m9d & no judgm5t ( _! own4 ,9 ! simple/ conc]ns ( life !y are to be entirely dep5d5t ^u ! w & judgm5t ( ano!r4 ,9 ! second place1 we see ! det]m9ation to ma9ta9 ?is tyranny by ! sev]e/ puni%m5ts4 ,! man :o has slaught]$ )\t %[+ 8 knife to ! rabbi1 ev5 ?\gh !y h no fault to f9d ) him1 is to be excommunicat$--b if a rabb9ic flaw 9 ! knife %\ld be detect$1 !n n only ! man himself is to suff]1 b ^? :o employ$ him1 & also ! ,israelites !mselves to be depriv$ ( food4 ,all t he has slaught]$ is to be decl>$ unfit = use4 ,:o c d5y t ^? :o ?9k _! consci5ces b\nd by su* laws are 9 mis]able bondage8 ,:o1 t has 8 s5ses & ,god's ,^w to guide !m1 c believe t a small gap 9 a knife is suffici5t to make meat unfit = food8 ,:o ev] saw a knife1 or ev5 ! f9e/ razor t ev] 0 manufactur$1 )\t a s]ies ( su* imp]fections8 ,let a rabbi1 :o has j pron\nc$1 conc]n+ a knife1 t x has no gap 9 x1 apply a microscope1 & he w soon f9d out t a knife )\t gaps nev] exi/$4 ,he w be conv9c$ t ! oral law requires :at is impossible1 & !re=e _c possibly be f ,god4 ,:o !n c d5y t ^? :o are b\nd by x1 are ! slaves ( sup]/ition8 ,!re nev] 01 & nev] w be 9 ! _w1 su* a ?+ z a knife )\t ! lea/ possible gap1 & consequ5tly !re nev] 01 & nev] w be1 any meat fit = ! food ( a ,rabb9i/4 ,! ,jews mu/ !re=e ei!r give up ! use ( meat entirely1 or !y mu/ give up ! oral law4 ,if ! oral law 7 uni=mly sev]e1 & ev]y:]e requir$ t its adh]5ts %\ld obta9 ! be/ possible evid5ce t _! meat 0 prop]ly slaught]$3 or 9 case !y c\ld n obta9 ?is evid5ce1 t !y %\ld entirely ab/a9 f meat1 ! consi/5cy ( ! doctr9e w\ld 9 "s measure ju/ify1 or at lea/ excuse ! cr$ulity ( ! ,jews4 ,b ?is is n ! case1 its au?ors felt ! inconv5i5ce ( _! own doctr9e1 & !re=e relax$ :5ev] x suit$ !mselves4 ,= in/ance1 !y say3-- 1 1 1 8,if we 7 to see an ,israelite at a di/ance :o _h slaught]$ a bea/1 & he 0 to g 8 way1 & we 7 ignorant ( ! fact :e!r he und]/ood ! art or n1 9 t case ! meat is lawful4 ,& 9 l mann]1 if a man %\ld say to 8 mess5g]1 ,g & slaught] = me1 & %\ld f9d ! bea/ slaught]$1 b x %\ld n be c]ta9 :e!r 8 mess5g]1 or ano!r p]son1 _h slaught]$ x1 ?is also is lawful1 = ! majority ( p]sons conc]n$ 9 slaught]+ are skilful40 7,ibid41 c4 iv4 #g47 ,?is relaxation %[s h[ exce$+ly inconv5i5t ! doctr9e 0 f\nd1 & h[ unwill+ ! doctors 7 to be> inconv5i5ce !mselves4 ,no d\bt cases (t5 occurr$ 9 real life simil> to ^? suppos$4 ,an ,israelite travell+ might come to a t[n 9 :i* liv$ a small congregation ( ,jews1 & might wi% to h "s d9n]1 & w\ld ( c\rse wi% to h x ( lawful meat4 ,! only satisfactory way ( obta9+ x w\ld be to g to ! p]son :o _h slaught]$ x1 & exam9e him z to 8 compet5cy1 b he might be abs5t1 if !re=e he %\ld be scrupul\s1 he w\ld h to g )\t 8 d9n]2 & ! same ?+ w\ld happ5 to a ri* man1 :o might s5d a mess5g] to a neighb\r+ t[n to h a bea/ kill$ = him4 ,! mess5g] might s5d back ! meat by "s "o else1 & ?us ! own] w\ld n h satisfactory evid5ce1 t ! rabb9ic laws _h be5 obs]v$4 ,"h aga9 ! man :o 0 ri* en\gh to d ?is1 might h to g )\t 8 d9n]1 or to wait an inconv5i5t "t4 ,! oral law has !re=e provid$ 9 ?is case t ! meat is lawful = use )\t any fur!r scruples4 ,b ?is decision %[s ( h[ little real importance all ^! precepts ab\t slaught]+ are4 ,if x be a s9 to eat meat n prop]ly kill$1 !n x is also a s9 to eat meat1 :5 !re is no satisfactory evid5ce ( ?is fact4 ,:5ev] a man d\bts ab\t ! "r or wrong ( any p>ticul> action1 he is c]ta9ly wrong if he does x4 ,b if x be c]ta9 t he may ei!r d x or leave x undone )\t guilt1 !n t action _c be s9ful4 ,& z ! rabbies "h affirm1 t m5 may lawfully eat meat1 conc]n+ :i* !y h no satisfactory evid5ce t x has be5 lawfully slaught]$1 x foll[s t ! rabb9ic art _c be ( mu* value4 ,:y !n %\ld a poor man be />v$ if he does n eat1 or flogg$ if he does eat1 meat slaught]$ by a ,g5tile1 :51 if he _h money to s5d a bea/ to be kill$1 he might eat :at 0 s5t back1 ev5 ?\gh he _h no pro( t ! laws 7 kept8 ,inde$ h[ are ! poor & unle>n$ ev] to "k1 t !y eat lawful meat8 ,if !y 7 ev5 to /& by1 & see ! op]ation p]=m$1 /ill1 z be+ ignorant ( ! rabb9ic laws1 !y c\ld n und]/&1 & mu/ !re=e take ! matt] entirely ^u tru/3 & ?us ! mass ( ! nation1 ! unle>n$ & ! wom51 are made ! bl9d slaves ( laws :i* !y nei!r und]/& nor "k2 or r ( ^? :o exp\nd ^? laws1 = h[ c x be said t a man transgresses t ( :i* he does n "k ! "r or wrong8 ,if ! rabbies 7 all unanim\s 9 _! /atem5t ( :at is & is n lawful1 ! unanimity might 9 "s degree excuse ! ,jews = submitt+ to a yoke s griev\s1 & hold+ x t r\nd ! necks ( _! bre?r54 ,!y might urge ! uni=mity ( ! tradition z a pro( ( its g5u95ess4 ,b ?is _c be pret5d$ 9 ! pres5t case4 ,to ?is v h\r ! rabbies !mselves are n agre$ z to :at is1 or :at is n ! oral law4 ,we h j se5 t if a man s5d a mess5g] to h a bea/ slaught]$1 & aft]w>ds f9d x slaught]$1 t he may eat ( x )\t ask+ any m que/ions4 ,?is is ! g5]al pr9ciple1 b z soon z x comes to be appli$ 9 detail ! rabbies diff]4 ,! ,baal ,turim ?us /ates ! diff]5ce3-- 8,rambam has writt5 expressly1 ,9 case t x %\ld be f\nd 9 ! h\se2 b1 if he f9d x 9 ! /reet1 or on ! dunghill 9 ! h\se1 x is =bidd54 ,! ,baal ,haittur has giv5 ! same judgm5t3 b my "l my fa!r ( bless$ memory says1 ! meat is lawful1 ev5 if x be f\nd on ! dunghill 9 ! h\se1 & has n pron\nc$ x unlawful1 except :5 f\nd on ! dunghill 9 ! /reet2 & ,ra%ba is ( ! same op9ion40 7,joreh ,deah41 #a47 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! rabbies1 disput+ z to :at is ! law2 ! "o p>ty pron\nc+ t to be unlawful :i* ! o!r p>ty decl>es lawful4 ,:at1 !n1 are ! unle>n$ to d 9 ?is case8 ,or h[ c x be said t !re is an oral law :i* gives ! true mean+ ( ! writt5 law8 ,or1 if !re be an oral law1 :at use is x1 :5 x is itself a subject ( dispute8 ,e "o :o has look$ into ! oral law kn[s t ?is diff]5ce ( op9ion is by no means a r>e case2 & t x _c be said t ! diff]5ce ( op9ion is 9 matt]s ( m9or importance4 ,let u1 = example1 consid] ! case ( an ,israelite :o is accu/om$ to eat unlawful meat1 & does s to vex ,israel--is x lawful to eat ! meat :i* he has kill$8 1 8,ra%ba has writt5 t x is n lawful to give him a bea/ int5tionally to slaught]1 ev5 if an ,israelite %\ld /& by4 ,b if he has slaught]$ ! bea/1 x may be decl>$ lawful by means ( exam9+ ! knife1 ei!r at ! beg9n+ or at ! end2 & my "l my fa!r ( bless$ memory has writt5 t 9 ! case ( su* a p]son ! law is ! same z 9 t ( a ,g5tile40 7,ibid4 #b47 ,n[ ! diff]5ce "h is v great & v important4 ,! "o op9ion says1 t1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 su* meat is lawful4 ,! o!r1 t x is unlawful z t kill$ by a ,g5tile--t is1 :at ! "o all[s1 ! o!r pron\nces to be s unlawful z to des]ve ! flogg+ ( rebellion1 z we saw 9 ,no4 #di4 ,"h1 !n1 is a case involv+ sev]e corporal puni%m5t1 & yet ! rabbies are n agre$ z to :i* is ! law4 ,h[1 !n1 c m5 ( s5se & reflection give !mselves up to a sy/em1 ! doctors ( :i* _c agree ^u a "q s simple z ?is1 ,:at sort ( food is lawful1 & :at is unlawful8 & :o1 nev]!less1 require unlimit$ ob$i5ce "u ! heavie/ p5alties temporal & et]nal8 ,! oral law does n suff] a wise man to be contradict$1 & decl>es t all _! say+s are 8! words ( ! liv+ ,god20 & yet "h !y contradict "o ano!r s widely1 t if a man foll[ ! "o1 he w be s5t5c$ to a flogg+ by ! o!r--& if f fe> ( ! flogg+ he %\ld agree ) ! latt]1 he w !n be contradict+ ! =m]1 & !reby incur ! s5t5ce ( excommunication1 & ev5 run a risk ( los+ 8 s\l4 ,b 9 e case he mu/ give up 8 judgm5t & 8 reason1 & submit to be l$ by ^?1 :o are /ill disput+ ab\t ! "r road3 yea1 & if he w\ld obey ! oral law1 mu/ confess t !y are bo? 9 ! "r4 ,if ?is be n moral & intellectual slav]y ( ! wor/ k9d1 we h yet to le>n ! mean+ ( ^! words4 ,x w n be a p]t95t reply to say t ,*ri/ians also diff] 9 op9ion on important po9ts4 ,we confess t !y d1 & w cont9ue to d s1 z long z !y cont9ue to be fallible m53 b !n ^! p]sons d n pr(ess to h an oral law giv5 by ,god 9 ord] to pres]ve !m f a wrong int]pretation4 ,!re is "o ,*ri/ian ,*ur* t has foll[$ ! example ( ! rabbies 9 ?is p>ticul>1 & has !re=e fall5 into _m ( _! absurdities4 ,diff]5ce ( op9ion among/ ^? :o make no su* pret5sions is no argum5t aga9/ ! tru? ( ! orig9al records1 :5ce bo? pr(ess$ly draw _! religion4 ,two m5 may diff] z to ! s5se ( a v]se 9 ! law ( ,moses1 & yet we "k t ! v]se itself conta9s ! tru?4 ,b :5 ea* ( ^! p]sons tells u t 8 int]pretation is an inspir$ tradition1 & t bo?1 ?\gh contradict+ ea* o!r1 are equally true & correct1 !n x is evid5t t !y say n only :at is false1 b :at is absurd1 & t !y are lab\r+ "u a delusion4 ,if x be a m]e speculative delusion x is to be deplor$--b if x be a practical delusion1 involv+ ! happ9ess & welf>e ( ?\s&s1 x mu/ be combat$ & expos$--& ?is is precisely ! case ) ! oral law4 ,! p>ticul> "p ( x :i* we h n[ be5 consid]+ s]i\sly affects ! temporal com=t ( _m ?\s&s ( ! poor 9 e "p ( ! _w4 ,! g5]al pr9ciples enslave ! m9ds ( ! :ole nation1 & ?us prev5t ! /ate ( happ9ess & glory :i* ! prophets h promis$4 ,! ,jewi% nation is 9 a /ate ( disp]sion1 & 9 "s p>ts ( ! _w victims ( a cruel oppression1 simply because !y are ! will+ slaves ( sup]/ition4 ,until an intellectual & moral *ange is effect$1 !y nev] c appe> z 8! peculi> p1 ! k+dom ( prie/s1 ! holy nation40 ,high & holy is _! de/9y1 & great is ! provid5tial m]cy ( ,god 9 /ill pres]v+ !m1 :5 !y refuse ob/9ately to fulfil x4 ,b nei!r _! de/9y nor ,god's =be>ance c be ( any avail1 until !y reass]t ! glori\s lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,! *a9s ( ,rabb9ism mu/ be brok51 & ! mild yoke ( ,messiah tak5 ^u _! %\ld]s1 be=e national indep5d5ce & lib]ty c return4 ,h[ c\ld a nation exi/1 ^: moral & intellectual en]gies are all crampt by ! endless subtleties ( ! rabbies8 ,h[ c\ld a p ma9ta9 national lib]ty :il/ !y are su* p]fect slaves to sup]/ition z to believe t traditions1 :i* are ! curse ( ! poor1 & _m ( :i* flatly contradict o!rs1 all proce$ f ! ,god ( m]cy & tru?8 ,! temple mu/ fir/ be cleans$ ( all defilem5t be=e ! glory ( ,god c ent]4 ,x is !re=e a matt] ( ! fir/ & highe/ importance1 to e ,jew :o wi%es well to 8 nation1 to exam9e t sy/em1 ^: con/ant companion = s _m c5turies has be5 mis]y2 & if !y are conv9c$ ( its falsehood1 !n to use e ex]tion to deliv] _! bre?r51 f t :i* is mis*iev\s z well z false4 ,we might urge its t5d5cy to produce & p]petuate an unfri5dly sep>ation betwe5 ! ,jews & _! neighb\rs3 n t we are ignorant ( ,god's decl>ation1 8,lo1 ! p %all dwell alone1 & %all n be reckon$ among ! nations40 7,numb1 xxiii4 #i47 ,we "k x & believe x1 & are !re=e fully conv9c$1 t all ! wit & p[] ( man w nev] be able to effect :at "s s ard5tly desire1 an amalgamation ) ! nations :]e ,israel is disp]s$4 ,we h no desire to contrav5e ! decl>$ w ( ,god1 & to degrade ,israel f _! position z a holy nation to ! rank ( an inconsid]able religi\s sect4 ,b /ill we might urge aga9/ ! oral law1 t x goes beyond ,god's int5tion by produc+ an unfri5dly sep>ation & an e/rangem5t betwe5 man & man1 :i* is injuri\s to ! welf>e ( bo? ,jew & ,g5tile2 we leave ?is1 h[ev]1 to ! consid]ation ( ^? ,israelites :o feel1 or pr(ess to feel1 a love & affection = all m52 & cont5t ourselves at pres5t ) ! indubitable fact1 t ! laws conc]n+ slaught]+ are mo/ oppressive to ! poor & enslav+ to ! m9ds ( all4 ,x is n m]ely ! bodily grievance ( />vation to :i* we n[ allude1 ?\gh t is wick$ & vexati\s to ! la/ degree1 & %\ld !re=e n be tol]at$ = a mom5t by ! humane & ! m]ciful4 ,!re is some?+ t is worse ?an any bodily suff]+1 & t is1 to be tempt$ to d viol5ce to consci5ce by pr(ess+ :at we d n believe1 or by congeal+ our real s5tim5ts4 ,& yet 9 _m a ,jewi% congregation ?is is frequ5tly ! case4 ,x pleases ,god to give to ! poor ! p[] ( reason+ z well z to ! ri*1 & ?us "s ( ?is class are occasionally l$ to see ! absurdity ( ! oral law1 & to dete/ ^? inv5tions :i* doom !m & _! families to />vation1 b yet !y w\ld n d>e ei!r to av[ or to act ^u _! conviction4 ,to eat any e!r ?an rabb9ical food w\ld at once cut !m (f f ! b\nty ( ! synagogue1 & f ! sympa?y ( its wor%ipp]s4 ,to express _! convictions w\ld be suffici5t to h !m numb]$ ) ! pr(ane & ungodly1 & !re=e !y conceal _! real s5tim5ts1 & pret5d to be :at !y are n1 t !y may n deprive _! families ( ! little assi/ance :i* an app>5t con=mity to rabb9ic usages may procure4 ,"h !n is ano!r & m unequivocal badge ( slav]y4 ,! oral law deprives ! poor entirely ( lib]ty ( consci5ce4 ,he n only mu/ n eat1 he mu/ n ?9k1 at lea/ he mu/ n express a ?\ght1 no1 nor ev5 a d\bt1 ab\t t sy/em :i* is ! cause ( 8 mis]y4 ,x is true1 t ^? :o pr(ess or suppress religi\s s5tim5ts m]ely to s]ve _! temporal int]e/s1 are ei!r v weak or v guilty4 ,b we mu/ make "s all[ance = ! infirmity ( human nature1 & especially 9 ! case ( a poor man1 :o has no bread = 8 *ildr51 & ^: m9d has be5 debas$ f 8 y\? by su* bondage4 ,x is to ! sy/em t we are to impute ^! debas+ effects4 ,x n only torm5ts ! body1 b degrades ! m9d2 &1 !re=e1 e ,israelite :o loves & respects lib]ty ( consci5ce1 %\ld endeav\r to procure x = 8 bre?r54 ,accord+ to ! law ( ! l& !y h x4 ,!y are free to wor%ip & s]ve ,god z !y ?9k mo/ agreeable to 8 w2 b ! oral law /eps 9 betwe51 & deprives !m ( ! b5efit4 ,! ,jewi% poor d>e n s]ve ,god accord+ to _! consci5ce1 nor ev5 express ! convictions ( _! he>t4 ,all ! legislators 9 ,*ri/5dom c\ld n set !m free4 ,! duty z well z ! possibility ( deliv]+ !m f ?is bondage re/s ) _! bre?r54 ,b !y1 alas6 :atev] ! motive1 decl9e ! glori\s task4 ,no4 ,,lii4 ,,laws ,,conc]n+ ,,meat ,,) ,,milk4 ,x is record$ ( ! ,cu!ans & ^? o!r nations :om ! ,k+ ( ,assyria plac$ z coloni/s at ,sam>ia1 t !y endeav\r$ to comb9e ! s]vice ( ! true ,god ) ! wor%ip ( idols4 8,s ^! nations fe>$ ! ,"l1 & s]v$ _! crav5 images1 bo? _! *ildr5 & _! *ildr5's *ildr53 z did _! fa!rs1 s d !y unto ?is day40 7#b ,k+s xvii4 #da47 ,e "o c see t ?is conduct 0 z fooli% z x 0 wick$4 ,x 0 wick$ to di%on\r ! true ,god by associat+ him ) !m t 7 no gods2 & x 0 fooli% to imag9e t ,god c\ld be pleas$ ) a p>tial homage & a divid$ he>t4 ,total idolatry w\ld h be5 m reasonable & less (f5sive to ! ,div9e ,be+1 = he1 :om we ackn[l$ge z ,god1 mu/ necess>ily h ! :ole ( our fe>1 our love1 & our ob$i5ce4 ,& yet !re is p]haps a way ( s]v+ ,god m unreasonable /ill1 & t is by giv+ to s9ful & fallible m5 ! hon\r t is due to ,god alone4 ,! ,cu!ans falsely ?\ght t ,god 0 "o among/ _m2 & if !y wor%ipp$ ! _m1 x 0 "u ! impression t !y 7 really gods4 ,b suppose a nation to ackn[l$ge ! "o true ,god1 & !n to fix ^u a c]ta9 numb] ( m5 to be hon\r$ & s]v$ ) ! same degree ( rev]5ce & ob$i5ce2 none c d\bt t ?is nation w\ld be f> m irrational ?an t ( ! ,cu!ans1 inasmu* z to pay ,div9e hon\rs to a numb] ( our fell[-m5 is m extravagant /ill ?an to wor%ip a plurality ( imag9>y deities4 ,"s may ?9k t su* a degree ( absurdity is impossible1 b fact %[s t x is n only possible1 b t x has actually occurr$4 ,:5 m5 exalt ! inv5tions ( _! tea*]s to a level ) ! kn[n & ackn[l$g$ laws ( ,god1 & make ob$i5ce to ^! inv5tions an ess5tial "p ( _! religion1 !y conf] ^u m5 ! highe/ degree ( hon\r & ( s]vice t c be r5d]$ to ,god4 ,! unres]v$ submission ( ! he>t & consci5ce to ! w ( ,god is ! highe/ act ( wor%ip1 & :5 x is giv5 to ! w ( m51 9 t degree m5 are made gods4 ,:e!r ^! rem>ks apply to ^? :o make ! 1 i4e41 8,! con/itutions conc]n+ meat 9 milk0 a "p ( _! religion1 x is = ! adh]5ts ( ! oral law to inquire4 ,! g5]al pr9ciple ( ^! con/itutions is ?us express$-- 1 1 8,x is unlawful to boil meat 9 milk--accord+ to ! law1 x is also unlawful to eat x2 x is likewise unlawful to make any pr(it by x1 & x is to be buri$4 ,its a%es are also unlawful1 l ! a%es ( o!r ?+s t are buri$4 ,:osoev] boils toge!r a quantity ( ^! two ?+s1 equal to an olive1 is to be flogg$1 = x is said1 #8,?\ %alt n see! a kid 9 its mo!rs milk4' 7,exod4 xxiii4 #ai47 ,9 l mann]1 he t eats a quantity ( ! fle% & ! milk1 :i* h be5 boil$ toge!r1 am\nt+ 9 value to an olive1 is to be flogg$1 ev5 ?\gh be did n boil !m40 7,hil*o? ,maakhalo? ,asuro?1 c4 ix4 i47 ,"h ! oral law det]m9es g5]ally1 t x is unlawful to boil meat 9 milk1 or to make any use ( meat s boil$1 & s5t5ces ! transgressor to a sev]e & degrad+ corporal puni%m5t1 & yet ?is det]m9ation is altoge!r an inv5tion ( m51 = :i* !re is n ! slighte/ au?ority 9 ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,! prohibition ( ,moses is conf9$ to "o s+le case1 :i* is exactly def9$3 8,?\ %alt n see! a kid 9 its "m's milk10 b !re ! prohibition ends1 = ! specification ( "o p>ticul> %[s t t alone is int5d$1 & necess>ily excludes all o!rs4 ,to give "s col\r to ! unw>rant$ ext5sion1 x is ass]t$ t 8,kid includes ! "y ( k9e1 ( %eep1 & ( goats1 s t to p>ticul>ize1 ! ^w goat is add$ z #8a kid ( ! goats4'0 ,& s ,ra%i also affirms 9 8 comm5t>y4 ,ab5 ,ezra1 h[ev]1 has sav$ u ! tr\ble ( giv+ a refutation ( our own1 = he says-- 1 8,?is is n s1 = no?+ is call$ kid except ! "y ( ! goats2 & 9 ,arabic ! ^w has ! same signification1 & is nev] appli$ to any o!r species4 ,b !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 kid & kid ( ! goats1 = ! =m] is l>g]1 & x is necess>y = ! latt] /ill to be ) ! goats2 & ! same ?+ is true ( 1 :i* is us$ 9 ! same way4 ,x is by tradition t ! wise m5 receiv$1 t ,israel %\ld n eat meat 9 milk40 7,comm5t4 9 ,exod4 xxiii4 #ai47 ,?us ,ab5 ,ezra1 himself a mo/ le>n$ rabbi1 confesses t ! words ( ! writt5 law re/rict ! prohibition to "o p>ticul> case1 & t ! re/ is m]e matt] ( tradition4 ,( c\rse if x c\ld be prov$ t ?is tradition came f ,god ?r\gh ,moses1 x w\ld be equival5t to ! writt5 law1 b !re is no attempt to prove any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,! au?ors ( ! oral law calculat$ ?r\gh\t ^u ! bl9d cr$ulity ( _! foll[]s1 & !re=e "h1 z else:]e1 !re is an entire abs5ce ( pro(4 ,inde$1 ! tradition itself be>s ! pla9 m>k ( =g]y4 ,h[ c any "o possibly believe t1 if ,god meant to =bid meat & milk entirely1 he %\ld fir/ express himself incorrectly1 & !n leave ! correction ( ! error to unc]ta9 tradition8 ,if ! comm& _h only be5 once notic$1 x w\ld h be5 h>d to believe su* a ?+2 b :5 we rememb] t ?is comm& is ?rice repeat$1 9 ,exod4 xxiii4 #ai1 xxxiv4 #bf1 & ,deut4 xiv4 #ba1 x is pla9ly incr$ible4 ,?rice is ! comm& writt51 & ?rice x is re/rict$ to "o p>ticul> case1 & yet ! rabbies h d>$ to make unau?oriz$ additions ( _! own1 & _! foll[]s to ?is day exalt !m to a level ) ! laws ( ,god4 ,x _c be repli$ t ! rabbies w\ld n commit su* wick$ness z ?is1 = e "o :o kn[s any?+ ( ! oral law1 kn[s t a great proportion ( x consi/s m]ely ( ! words ( ! ,scribes1 ackn[l$g$ z su*1 & di/+ui%$ by t "n f ! suppos$ traditions f ,s9ai4 ,?us 9 ! con/itutions be=e u1 x is pla9ly confess$ t ! writt5 law all[s ! fle% ( wild animals & ( f[l 9 milk1 & yet ! rabbies =bid x3-- 1 8,& ?us ! fle% ( a wild animal or ( f[l1 :e!r 9 ! milk ( a wild or tame animal1 is n =bidd5 z food by ! writt5 law1 & !re=e x is lawful to boil x1 & to pr(it by x4 ,b accord+ to ! words ( ! scribes1 x is unlawful to eat x1 le/ ! p %\ld g f>!r1 & be l$ into a transgression ( ! writt5 law1 & eat ! fle% ( a clean bea/ 9 ! milk ( a clean bea/3 = ! lett] ( ! writt5 law ref]s only to a kid 9 its "m's milk 9 ! /ricte/ s5se2 !re=e ! wise m5 h =bidd5 all meat 9 milk40 ,9 ?is !re is no equivocation1 b a simple confession t ! rabbies h tak5 ^u !mselves to =bid :at ,god has all[$2 & h1 )\t c]emony or scruple1 made great additions to 8 law4 ,x matt]s little :at ! motive 01 ! conduct itself is 9 ! highe/ degree presumptu\s4 ,! pret5ce1 t ^! additions 7 made only = ! purpose ( keep+ ! p f> remov$ f s91 w n s]ve z a gr\nd ( ju/ification4 ,if ,god _h desir$ su* precaution>y measures1 z be+ ei!r necess>y or b5eficial1 he w\ld h prescrib$ !m himself4 ,if he did n prescribe !m1 & ! rabbies !mselves confess t he did n1 b t !y are ! words ( ! scribes1 !n !y c be nei!r necess>y nor b5eficial1 unless we c believe :at x w\ld be blasphemy to ass]t1 t is1 t ,god's law 0 imp]fect until x 0 m5d$ by ! scribes4 ,x is truly a/oni%+ t m5 pr(ess+ respect = ! law ( ,moses %\ld treat x ) su* indignity1 & /ill m s t ^? :o appe> s anxi\s to avoid transgression1 %\ld !mselves sy/ematically transgress t pla9 comm&4 8,ye %all n add unto ! ^w :i* ,i comm& y40 7,deut4 iv4 #b47 ,b ! mo/ extraord9>y ?+ ( all is1 t ! mod]n ,jews %\ld pride !mselves on ! purity ( _! fai?1 & ?9k t !y only ( all ! nations s]ve ! true ,god & him only1 :5 !y are 9 tru? s]v+ ! au?ors ( ! oral law1 & divid+ _! religi\s ob$i5ce betwe5 ,god & ! rabbies4 ,if ! rabb9ic additions 7 specim5s ( pr(\nd wisdom 9 legislation1 or _h a t5d5cy to promote ei!r ! moral or temporal welf>e ( mank9d1 !re w\ld be "s excuse1 b :at %all we say ( ^? :o transgress a pla9 comm& = ! sake ( su* an addition z ! foll[+3-- 1 8,! fle% by itself is lawful1 & ! milk by itself is lawful1 b z soon !y are mix$ toge!r by means ( boil+ 7or cook+7 !y bo? become unlawful4 ,9 :at cases does ?is hold8 ,:5 bo? are boil$ toge!r1 or :5 "o be+ hot falls into ! o!r also be+ hot1 or :5 "o1 cold1 falls into ! o!r hot4 ,b if "o ( !m be+ hot falls ^u ! second be+ cold1 !n all t "p ( ! meat :i* 0 t\*$ by ! milk is to be peel$ (f1 & ! rema9d] may be eat54 ,b if "o 9 a cold /ate falls ^u ! o!r also cold1 !n t piece is to be wa%$1 & aft] t may be eat540 7,hil*o? ,maakhalo? ,asuro?1 c4 ix4 #ag47 ,we h1 9 ! fir/ place1 an unw>rant$ ext5sion ( ! div9e comm&4 ,god has simply =bidd5 to see! a kid 9 its "m's milk4 ,! rabbies fir/ ext5d ?is to ! "y ( k9e1 & %eep4 ,!n !y advance ano!r /ep & =bid ! boil+ or cook+ ( any sort ( meat 9 milk1 & n[ we h se5 ano!r advance /ill1 :]eby ev5 any mixture ( fle% & milk is /rictly =bidd54 ,?us ! rabbies aim at univ]sal dom9ion1 & are satisfi$ ) no?+ %ort ( an entire subjugation ( ! he>t & consci5ce4 ,o!r tyrants mu/ re/ satisfi$ ) ! enslavem5t ( ! body1 b _c t\* ! ?\ght4 ,! au?ors ( ! oral law attack ! lib]ty ( ?\ght1 & intrude ev5 into ! kit*5s ( _! victims4 ,!y are det]m9$ t _! foll[]s %all n eat except+ z !y please1 & boldly invade ! pr]ogative ( ,god himself1 by =bidd+ ! food :i* he provides = 8 p4 ,b ?is extract pres5ts1 9 ! second place1 an outrage on common s5se4 ,if milk & meat ea* be lawful by itself1 h[ c ! mixture make !m unlawful8 ,:atev] ,god =bids is unlawful1 no matt] :e!r we und]/& ! reason or n4 ,b "h ! rabbies !mselves ackn[l$ge t ,god has n =bidd5 ?is mixture2 b t ! prohibition is entirely _! own inv5tion4 ,we are !re=e b\nd to use our s5ses1 if ,god has giv5 u any1 & to ask a reason :y4 ,!n1 aga91 :y %\ld t :i* is lawful :5 cold1 be made unlawful by be+ hot8 ,x may be said1 t ?is is a matt] ( little importance4 ,9 itself x is2 b z a burd5 on ! consci5ces ( m51 x is ( ! v highe/ importance1 & z a *eat ^u ! ignorant x is m important /ill4 ,9 _m c\ntries1 ^! & simil> inv5tions con/itute ! :ole religion ( ! ignorant1 & especially ( ! wom54 ,! oral law affirms t x is n necess>y to tea* wom5 ! law ( ,god1 b x is almo/ a matt] ( life & dea? t !y %\ld "k ^! rabb9ic laws ab\t meat & milk4 ,if a woman is unable to read ! ,^w ( ,god1 & is z ignorant z a hea!n1 ( ,god's w1 ! rabbies ?9k t is a trifle4 ,b if a woman 71 ?r\gh ignorance to s]ve up meat ) any admixture ( milk1 ! :ole family w\ld be 9 an upro>1 & ! rabbi himself w\ld h to be consult$ ab\t a rem$y = s dreadful a calamity4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t ) ! mass ( ! un$ucat$1 accuracy 9 ^! obs]vances passes = piety1 & ^! poor be+s hope t !y are go+ /raight to heav51 :5 !y are utt]ly devoid or ignorant ( t hol9ess1 tru?1 & purity1 :i* are ! fir/ ess5tials = admission into ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,?us ! oral law de/roys ! s\ls ( multitudes1 b o!rs w h to answ] = _! blood4 ,all :o uphold ! sy/em mu/ %>e 9 ! responsibility4 ,! rabbies :o tea*1 ! le>n$ ,jews :o aid & abet1 ! prie/s & ,levites to :om ,god has committ$ ! pa/or%ip ( 8 p1 b :o neglect _! sacr$ (fice1 all w h to answ] = ! s\ls ( ! lo/4 ,b mo/ ( all ^? :o "k t ^! ?+s are wrong1 :o !mselves eat meat & milk1 & laugh at rabb9ic sup]/ition1 & yet are ins5sible to ! mis]ies ( _! poor & ignorant bre?r54 ,e "o practically acqua9t$ ) ! work+ ( ^! laws1 kn[s n only t !y beget a false notion ( religion1 b t !y are also a torm5t 9 ?is life4 ,9 dome/ic & cul9>y economy1 accid5ts w happ54 ,meat may fall into milk1 or milk into a pot ( meat4 ,mis]y & vexation are ! consequ5ce1 & if ! un=tunate woman to :om ! accid5t has happ5$ _c get satisfaction at home1 %e mu/ g to ! rabbi to inquire :at is to be done4 ,= in/ance-- 1 1 1 1 1 8,) respect to meat :i* falls into milk1 or milk t falls into ! mid/ ( meat1 ! measure is1 if x give a ta/e8 ,h[ s8 ,if a peace ( meat fall into a boil+ pot ( milk1 a ,g5tile is to ta/e ! cont5ts ( ! pot3 & if he says t x has a ta/e ( meat1 !n x is unlawful4 ,b if x has n ! ta/e ( meat1 !n ! milk is lawful1 b t piece ( meat is unlawful4 ,9 :at cases does ?is hold8 ,9 case t ! piece ( meat has be5 tak5 out1 be=e x has emitt$ ! milk :i* x has suck$ 94 ,b if x has n be5 tak5 out1 !n a calculation mu/ be made :e!r its proportion to ! :ole is z "o to sixty2 because ! milk t 0 suck$ 91 & _h become unlawful1 has be5 emitt$ & has mix$ ) ! re/ ( ! milk40 7,ibid47 ,n[1 9 ! mo/ tol]able case1 t is1 if ! own] ( ! milk c af=d to lose x & ! meat too1 !re is1 fir/1 an unnecess>y inconv5i5ce & vexation1 :i* no man has a "r to inflict ^u ano!r4 ,b !re is1 secondly1 & :at is ( f> m consequ5ce1 a great s9 9 wa/+ good & :olesome1 &1 accord+ to ! writt5 law1 lawful food4 ,if ! milk ta/es ( meat1 !n ! milk & ! meat are r5d]$ n only unlawful b p]fectly useless4 ,h[ !n c ! ,jews expect peace & pl5ty1 :5 _! oral law tea*es !m to despise & ca/ f !m ) disda9 ,god's bless+s8 ,b suppose t ! own] ( ! milk & ! meat is a poor man1 & t he has laid out 8 h>d & scanty e>n+s to provide food = 8 family1 an accid5t ( ?is k9d w leave !m de/itute4 ,_! la/ hope ( support is tak5 away1 & !y may die ( hung]4 ,if !y g to ! rabbies1 & urge ! necessity ( ! case--plead t !y h no m--reason t if meat by itself is lawful1 t milk is also lawful--t ! law ( ,moses no :]e =bids ?is food--! tea*]s ( ! oral law w answ]1 t _! traditions _c be brok52 & ! poor p mu/ le>n t to eat food p]mitt$ & giv5 by ,god is a s91 b to die ( />vation is lawful4 ,h[ c m5 ) any ( ! feel+s ( humanity believe t su* a law is f ,god8--h[ c m5 ( any common s5se suff] ! consci5ces & ! bodies ( ! poor & ignorant to be ?us torm5t$8 ,above all1 h[ c a nation t prides itself on ! purity ( its fai? yield an idolatr\s ob$i5ce to cruel & oppressive laws inv5t$ by m58 ,x is a va9 boa/ = !m to say t !y h no images--! oral law & its enactm5ts con/itute a :ole ho/ ( idols4 ,x is an unf\nd$ triumph :i* !y celebrate ov] ! wor%ipp]s ( ,molo*4 ,! oral law is a deity z fi]ce & z bloody1 & to x are daily immolat$ ! s\ls & bodies ( ! poor & ignorant4 ,any homage r5d]$ to falsehood1 or to cruelty1 is idolatr\s2 & e ?9k+ man mu/ admit1 t ! wor%ip ( ! oral law is ( ?is "*4 ,to ! ,rabb9i/s !mselves we w\ld say1 ,j ?9k :e!r x be possible t ,god w\ld h giv5 a law s oppressive1 or :e!r he c h any pleasure 9 ! ob$i5ce :i* is r5d]$ at ! exp5se ( m]cy8 ,to ^? :o reject ! oral law we w\ld say1 ,y h a duty to p]=m f :i* no?+ c exempt y--& t is1 to re/ nei!r day nor night until ,israel is deliv]$ f ?is idolatr\s wor%ip ( m51 & set free f a yoke s oppressive to body & s\l4 ,we grant t ,*ri/ians h also a duty1 & 9 ^! pap]s we endeav\r to dis*>ge our %>e ( x4 ,b ! duty incumb5t ^u ,israelites is t5fold m imp]ative4 ,! ties ( fle% & blood--_! (fice z a k+dom ( prie/s--! m]cy ( ,god 9 giv+ !m ! law z _! inh]itance--all increase _! responsibility & add to ! weight ( obligation4 ,x w\ld be a %ame = ,israel to be sil5t :5 ev5 ! ,g5tiles cry out = ! re/oration ( ! religion ( ,moses & ! prophets4 ,israelites may h peculi> difficulties4 ,!y may be unit$ 9 comm]cial relations or by family ties ) ^? :o are 9 bondage to ! oral law4 ,!y may fe> ! injury ( _! worldly prospects--!y may dread ! fr[n ( relatives & fri5ds4 ,?is 0 also ! case ( ,abraham1 :5 he det]m9$ to r5\nce ! false gods ( 8 fa!rs1 & to wor%ip ! true ,god alone2 & e "o :o det]m9es by ,god's help to foll[ & ass]t ! tru?1 mu/ make up 8 m9d to love x ev5 m ?an life itself4 ,b c a son ( ,abraham hesitate8 ,w he =feit ! smile ( ,god to escape ! fr[n ( fri5ds8 ,nay1 if 8 fri5ds are /ill 9 error1 is ?is n a d\ble motive to urge him =w>d 9 ! ov]?r[ ( t error8 ,mu/ he n he d\bly anxi\s to deliv] 8 fa!r1 8 "m1 8 bro!rs & 8 si/]s f su* bondage8 ,! fir/ attempt may be difficult--! imm$iate results may be unpleasant2 b if = ,god's sake he ass]ts ,god's tru?1 he %all h ,god's bless+1 & at la/ f9d peace ev5 among/ ^? :o are n[ (f5d$4 ,z long z ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s cont9ues1 ,israel c nev] be re/or$ to _! anci5t position4 ,god 9 m]cy keeps !m 9 disp]sion1 to prev5t ! triumph ( ! oral law4 ,b :5 is ?is /ate ( mis]y to cease8 ,!re mu/ be a beg9n+4 ,"s "o foll[] ( ,moses mu/ be zeal\s en\gh & bold en\gh to attack ! /rong holds ( sup]/ition1 & to r\se 8 bre?r5 to a s5se ( _! condition--"s "o :o n only pr(esses to be a foll[] ( ,moses1 b :o has imbib$ 8 _s1 & ^: tru/ is 9 ! ,god ( 8 fa!rs4 ,no4 ,,liii4 ,,rabb9ism ,,oppressive ,,to ,,! ,,poor4 ,:5 ,god gave ,israel ! law1 by ! h& ( ,moses1 he also gave !m sev]al te/s1 :]eby !y might at all times try !mselves1 & "k to a c]ta9ty :e!r !y 7 really ob$i5t or n--& :e!r ! laws1 to :i* !y yield$ ob$i5ce1 7 really ! laws giv5 by ,moses4 ,"o ( ^! te/s is f\nd 9 ! foll[+ words3--8,behold1 ,i h taught y /atutes & judgm5ts1 ev5 z ! ,"l my ,god comm&$ me1 t ye %\ld d s 9 ! l& :i!r ye g to possess x4 ,keep1 !re=e1 & d !m2 = ?is is y\r wisdom & y\r und]/&+ 9 ! sight ( ! nations1 :i* %all he> all ^! /atutes1 & say1 ,surely ?is great nation is a wise & und]/&+ p40 7,deut4 iv4 #e47 ,by ! help ( ^! words1 ,israel may "k at any "t :e!r !y are really keep+ ! laws ( ,moses4 ,!y h only to consult _! own exp]i5ce1 & det]m9e :e!r !y are hon\r$ by all nations on acc\nt ( _! wisdom4 ,moses promises t a reputation = wisdom1 & ! hon\r t accompanies x1 %all be ! rew>d ( ob$i5ce4 ,if !re=e ! ,jews at ?is pres5t "t are ob$i5t1 ?is promise mu/ be 9 daily fulfilm5t4 ,b1 if !y are n hon\r$ & respect$ = _! wisdom1 !n we mu/ conclude1 t !y are defici5t 9 ob$i5ce1 & fur!r1 t ! laws to :i* !y are at pres5t s devot$ are n ! laws ( ,moses4 ,n[ x is a c]ta9 fact1 t admiration = ! wisdom ( ,israel has n be5 ! prevail+ s5tim5t among/ ! nations ( ! _w = ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s4 ,! ,jewi% p has be5 mo/ deplorably und]rat$4 ,_! g5ius & _! lit]ature h be5 ignorantly und]valu$1 & ! folly ( ! au?ors ( ! oral law has be5 unju/ly visit$ ^u ea* & e individual ( ! nation4 ,we grant ! inju/ice & ! impiety ( su* ha/y judgm5ts1 b _c d5y ! fact1 & ! fact proves t ! laws to :i* ,israel n[ yields ob$i5ce are n ! laws ( ,moses4 ,!y n[ obey ! comm&s ( ! oral law1 & ! nations h he>d ( ! /atutes !re(1 b no "o says1 8,surely ?is great nation is a wise & und]/&+ p40 ,"s may1 p]haps1 ascribe ?is to prejudice1 & no d\bt !re are cases :]e prejudice has mu* to d ) ! decision1 b ?is is n our case4 ,our prepossessions are all 9 fav\r ( ! ,jews1 & yet we _c help que/ion+ ! wisdom ( ^?1 :o make su* laws z ! foll[+ a "p ( _! religion3-- 1 1 8,x is n lawful to knead ! d\gh ) milk1 & if x be done1 all ! bread is unlawful1 le/ ?is %\ld lead to fur!r transgression1 & x %\ld be eat5 ) meat4 ,x is also unlawful to sme> ! ov5 ) ! tail ( a %eep2 & if x be done1 all ! bread is unlawful1 le/ milk %\ld be eat5 ) x4 ,b1 if "s *ange be made 9 ! =m ( ! bread :]eby x may be recogniz$1 s z t nei!r meat nor milk %\ld be eat5 ) x1 !n x is lawful40 7,hil*o? ,maakhalo? ,asuro?1 c4 ix4 #bb47 ,we d n wi% to p]suade ! ,jews ei!r to knead d\gh ) milk1 or to sme> an ov5 ) ! tail ( a %eep1 b :5 we rememb] all ! pov]ty & want t is 9 ! _w1 we _c help ask+1 ,:at is !re s s9ful 9 ei!r ( ! above actions1 z to make su* bread unlawful = ! use ( ,god's p8 ,has ,god =bidd5 x8 or has he s /rictly prohibit$ ! use ( meat & milk toge!r1 z to make ?is excess ( caution necess>y8 ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,! law ( ,god z giv5 by ,moses1 all[s ! use ( meat & milk toge!r4 ,x =bids only "o p>ticul> case1 ! boil+ ( a kid 9 its "m's milk3 & to ?is ! rabbies h1 )\t any au?ority1 add$ all ^! o!r comm&s1 & ?us burd5$ ! consci5ce1 & made religion an intricate & difficult sci5ce intelligible only to ! le>n$1 & n always to !m4 ,:at wisdom is !re 9 =bidd+ :at ,god did n ?9k necess>y to =bid8 ,:at wisdom is !re 9 neglect+ or disreg>d+ ! reveal$ w ( ,god1 & giv+ up ! consci5ce to ! guidance ( weak & fallible m5 l ourselves8 ,b above all1 :at wisdom is !re 9 oppress+ & torm5t+ ! poor8 ,! oral law says-- 4 8,he t eats *eese or milk fir/1 may eat meat imm$iately aft]4 8,he t eats meat fir/1 :e!r x be ! meat ( a bea/ or ( a f[l1 mu/ n eat milk aft] x1 until ! regul> "t betwe5 two meals1 t is six h\rs1 %all h elaps$2 because ( ! meat :i* rema9s betwe5 ! tee?1 & :i* is n got out by wip+40 7,ibid41 #bf1 #bh47 ,n[ 9 ! case ( ! ri* or ! afflu5t1 :o c procure a good & suffici5t meal ( meat1 & c !re=e wait = six h\rs1 ?is may be no great h>d%ip1 ?\gh ev5 9 t case1 we mu/ prote/ aga9/ ! unau?oriz$ burd5 impos$ ^u ! consci5ce2 b :5 appli$ to ! ne$y & ! de/itute1 ?is law becomes an intol]able yoke4 ,j suppose ! fa!r ( a />v+ family :o goes =? to beg assi/ance f ! *>itable4 ,he receives a small portion ( meat1 & ha/5s back to divide x ) 8 wife & *ildr54 ,!y p>take ( ! relief1 b x is n suffici5t to supply _! wants4 ,he !re=e goes =? aga91 & "s fri5d ( ! poor gives him "s milk or *eese1 he br+s x home ) ?ankfulness1 b d>e n t\* x himself nor give x to 8 *ildr5--!y h already fa/$ _m an h\r--!y are /ill weak ) hung]--a little ( ! milk or ! *eese w\ld recruit exhau/$ nature--! *ildr5 cry & entreat = six h\rs m1 = ?\gh ,god all[s ?is food1 rabbies h =bidd5 x4 ,is !re wisdom 9 ?is8 ,is ,god hon\r$ by su* a religion1 :i* c\nts 8 p]mission z no?+1 & exalts ! au?ority ( ! rabbies above t ( ,god himself8 ,& may we n ask ! "s "q ( ! foll[+ law8 1 8,he t eats ,g5tile *eese1 or milk :i* a ,g5tile has milk$1 b ! ,israelite did n see him1 is to be flogg$ ) ! flogg+ ( rebellion4 ,b1 z to ! butt]1 "s ( ! ,gaons h pron\nc$ x lawful1 because !re is no express decision ab\t x1 & because unclean milk w n set4 ,o!rs ( ! ,gaons1 on ! contr>y1 h pron\nc$ x unlawful1 on acc\nt ( ! small drops ( milk :i* rema9 9 x40 7,joreh ,deah1 #aae47 ,"h we h ! same total want ( consid]ation = ! poor1 & ! same fi]ce & cruel _s4 ,j suppose1 aga91 ! case ( a de/itute ,jewi% family1 :]e ! fa!r is laid on a b$ ( sickness1 & unable to e>n daily bread = 8 *ildr54 ,! "m1 we>y ) t5d+ ! sick c\* ( h] husb&1 & h] he>t half-brok5 ) ! *ildr5's cry = bread1 goes to solicit help f ! almon]s ( ! synagogue4 ,%e obta9s eighte5 p5ce p] mon?1 b f9ds t on ?is small sum x is impossible = a family to subsi/2 %e !n goes to individuals ( h] nation1 & gets :at %e c1 b /ill n suffici5t to ! wants ( h] *ildr51 & ( h] sick husb&4 ,9 h] di/ress1 %e goes to "s ,*ri/ian neighb\rs1 :o give h] "s milk & *eese4 ,! pangs ( hung]1 & ! affections ( a wife & "m ov]come h] sup]/ition1 %e c>ries ?is b\nty home & p>takes ( x along ) h] husb& & *ildr54 ,has1 %e !reby committ$ a s92 has %e violat$ any "o precept ( ! ,mosaic law2 has %e blasphem$ ! "n ( h] ,god8 ,let reason1 let ! ,law & ! ,prophets answ]1 & !y w say1 ,no3 %e has done h] duty4 ,b :at does ! oral law say8 ,x says1 t %e has committ$ a dreadful s94 ,& :at is to be h] puni%m5t1 & t ( h] husb& & *ildr58 ,flogg+--! flogg+ ( rebellion4 ,if ! oral law _h p[]1 x w\ld lead !m =? to ! place ( execution1 & !re inflict /ripes )\t numb] & )\t m]cy4 ,! by/&]s1 & ^? attract$ by ! cries w\ld ask1 ,:at dreadful crime has ?is family committ$8 & ! answ] w\ld be1 ,to save !mselves f />vation !y d>$ to eat ,g5tile *eese & milk4 ,g5tiles w\ld ask aga91 ,:at1 is ?is ! law8 ,does ,judaism tea* t s innoc5t an action is to be puni%$ ) su* sev]ity8 & be+ answ]$ 9 ! affirmative1 w\ld g away exclaim+1 8,:at a m]ciful religion6 ,surely ?is great nation is a wise & und]/&+ p60 ,no3 !y w\ld retire 9 horror1 ?ank+ ,god t !y are n ,jews1 & t ,god has pres]v$ !m f s dreadful a delusion1 & f su* iniquit\s cruelty4 ,:at1 !n1 d our ,jewi% read]s ?9k ( ?is law1 & ! religion ( :i* x is a "p8 ,x is c]ta9 t !re are multitudes ( ,jews 9 ?is city :o live 9 ! con/ant violation ( ?is comm&2 :o con/antly use milk suppli$ by ,g5tiles1 & yet pret5d to pr(ess ,judaism z _! religion4 ,let all su* ask !mselves1 by :at au?ority !y transgress a comm& sanction$ by s sev]e a puni%m5t4 ,is x because !y ?9k x irrational1 or unw>rant$ by ! law ( ,moses8 if s1 !y attack at once ! au?ority ( ! :ole sy/em ( ,judaism4 ,if ! oral l[ c be prov$ to be absurd1 or unju/1 or cruel1 9 any "o p>ticul>1 its value z a div9e tradition is utt]ly de/roy$4 ,let !m1 !n1 be consi/5t2 if !y reject ,judaism1 let !m say s1 let !m n pret5d to h ! ,jewi% religion1 :5 !y h x n4 ,let !m hone/ly confess t _! reason1 direct$ by ,scripture1 has l$ !m to reject x2 & let !m fulfil ! consequ5t duty ( endeav\r+ to deliv] _! poor bre?r5 f a bondage s cruel4 ,!y mu/ "k t ^! laws ab\t milk & butt]1 & ! art ( slaught]+1 cut (f _m a poor ,jew f ! la/ refuge ( ! de/itute--! poor-h\se4 ,_m a "o :o is n[ />v+ ) 8 family1 w\ld be glad to h ! relief :i* ! p>i% provides1 b he d>e n accept ( x4 ,ei!r 8 consci5ce1 p]v]t$ by ^! rabb9ical /atutes1 w n p]mit him1 or he is afraid ( 8 bre?r51 :o w\ld ?9k t 9 go+ into su* an asylum he _h r5\nc$ 8 ,god4 ,^? :o use ,g5tile milk )\t scruple1 w h mu* to answ] =1 if !y suff] su* oppression & su* sup]/ition to cont9ue4 ,x is a va9 excuse = any "o to say1 8,:at c ,i d80 ,any "o individual1 h[ev] weak & un9flu5tial1 has x 9 8 p[] by ,god's bless+1 to deliv] ! poor4 ,let him cont9ually prote/ aga9/ su* sup]/ition1 let him reason ) 8 bre?r54 ,let him det]m9e to take no re/1 until ! yoke is torn f ! necks ( 8 nation4 ,he w ultimately prevail4 ,he w be ! in/rum5t 9 ,god's h&1 ( (f]+ a great] deliv]ance ?an t f ,egypt1 inasmu* z ! emancipation ( ! s\l is ( m importance ?an t ( ! body4 ,9 ?is respect1 among/ o!rs1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? has done m ?an ,moses4 ,if he _h n aris51 ! oral law w\ld h be5 univ]sal1 & ! _w h cont9u$ ei!r sunk 9 idolatry or slaves to a cruel sup]/ition4 ,! cruelty ( a religion1 :i* comm&s a man to be flogg$ = eat+ t :i* ,god p]mits1 is n to be disput$2 ! prohibition ( ,g5tile bread furni%es ano!r in/ance ( simil> inhumanity4 8,!re are "s ?+s :i* ! wise m5 h pron\nc$ unlawful1 al?\gh !y h no f\ndation = ! prohibition 9 ! law1 z bread ( ! ,g5tiles1 ev5 ?\gh an ,israelite %\ld h bak$ x = him--& cook$ victuals1 :i* ! ,g5tiles h cook$4 ,!y h also pron\nc$ x unlawful to dr9k at a ,g5tile table1 ev5 ^? dr9ks ( :i* !re c be no suspicion t w9e ( libation is mix$ ) !m4 ,& !y pron\nc$ ^! ?+s unlawful to prev5t ! possibility ( int]m>riage10 c4 7,ibid4 #aab47 ,!re are _m rem>ks sugge/$ by ?is passage1 b at pres5t we limit ourselves to ! prohibition ( ,g5tile bread4 ,x is "h confess$ t !re is no f\ndation = x 9 ! law ( ,moses1 & t !re=e ! rabbies h no au?ority = ! prohibition2 & yet a v little consid]ation is suffici5t to %[ t great inconv5i5ce may arise4 ,= in/ance1 if a poor ,jew is travell+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 exhau/s 8 /ock ( money1 & goes to a f>m-h\se to ask relief1 he _c accept any meat--he is n to dr9k any milk on pa9 ( a flogg+4 ,suppose1 !n1 t ! p (f] him "s home-bak$ bread1 ev5 ?is is =bidd53-- 8,bread bak$ by a private h\se-keep] is et]nally =bidd540 ,! poor man1 !re=e1 may />ve4 ,b ! inhumanity appe>s /ill m 9 ! discussion ( ! "q1 :e!r & :5 x is lawful to eat bak]'s bread4 ,! rabbies are divid$4 ,"s all[ x1 because ! rule is-- 1 8,he t has fa/$ ?ree days may lawfully eat ,g5tile bread1 & z 9 _m places ( our captivity !re is no ,israelite bak]1 ?is case is consid]$ p>allel to t ( him :o has fa/$ ?ree days4 ,b !re are o!rs :o say t x is unlawful1 unless he has fa/$ ?ree days1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! ^w40 7,ibid47 ,"o w\ld ?9k t1 9 a case ( d\bt1 m5 t _h ! fe> ( ,god w\ld naturally incl9e to ! side ( m]cy2 b "h we f9d tea*]s ( religion =bidd+ :at ,god has all[$1 unless ! victim ( pov]ty has fir/ endur$ ! torm5t ( />vation = ?ree days2 & 9 "o case actually det]m9+ t a fell[-creature %all die ( hung]1 r ?an suff] _! unau?oriz$ traditions to be brok54 ,if a ,g5tile ,gov]nm5t %\ld seize on a numb] ( un=tunate ,israelites guilty ( no crime1 & %ut !m up 9 a prison1 & !n leave !m to die ( />vation1 :at j indignation w\ld be excit$6 ,e man w\ld prote/ aga9/ su* wanton cruelty1 & yet ?is is j :at mod]n ,judaism has done4 ,by =bidd+ ,g5tile meat1 milk1 *eese1 & bread1 x has consign$ hundr$s to />vation4 ,!re are at ?is mom5t numb]s ( individuals1 if n families1 p9+ away 9 want1 ^: wants c\ld be reliev$1 if ! oral law did n int]pose its iron front1 & pron\nce />vation lawful1 & help f ,g5tiles unlawful2 & yet _! bre?r51 :o pride !mselves ^u _! b5evol5ce & humanity1 leave !m to p]i%1 & suff] ! sy/em to rema9 t x may be a curse to com+ g5]ations4 ,x is truly a/oni%+ to see ! indiff]5ce ( ^? :o pride !mselves ^u _! emancipation f sup]/ition1 & :o !mselves eat ,g5tile bread1 & milk1 & *eese1 & p]haps meat1 )\t any scruple4 ,x is m a/oni%+ /ill1 h[ ! nation at l>ge suff]s itself to be delud$ by m5 :o d n agree among/ !mselves z to :at ! law really is4 ,we saw above1 t ! greate/ ( ! rabbies1 ev5 ! ,gaons !mselves1 diff] z to ! lawfulness ( ,g5tile butt]2--"h we see t !y _c agree z to ! lawfulness ( ,g5tile bak]s' bread4 ,h[ is x1 !n1 t ! ,jews _c see t _! pres5t religion ( ! oral law is altoge!r "o ( unc]ta9ty & t1 !re=e1 !re is no dep5d5ce ^u x8 ,"h !y eat freely1 ev5 ! /ricte/1 ( ,g5tile bread2 b yet1 accord+ to "s ( _! greate/ m51 !y are !reby committ+ a deadly s94 ,^! wise m5 humanely say1 t x is necess>y fir/ to fa/ = ?ree days4 ,n[ ( :at use is an oral law t _c ev5 tell u c]ta9ly :at sort ( bread x is unlawful to eat8 ,! ,rabb9i/ boa/ is1 t ! oral law tea*es !m ! true mean+ ( ! writt5 law1 & ?us saves !m f all d\btful disputation4 ,b h[ c t be true1 :5 ! oral law has n yet settl$ :5 x is lawful to eat ,g5tile bread8 ,if ! rabbies _c agree on s simple a matt]1 :at tru/ c be plac$ 9 !m 9 difficult que/ions8 ,! ,jews _c ev5 tell1 by ! help ( _! religion1 :e!r !y are n committ+ a s91 & lead+ _! *ildr5 to commit a s91 :5 !y give !m a piece ( bread & butt]4 ,h[1 !n1 c !y be satisfi$ ) a religion :]e ! simple/ conc]ns ( life are /ill a matt] ( d\bt & disputation2 & especially :]e ! poor are made to suff] ! greate/ h>d%ips1 :il/1 by keep+ to ,moses & ! prophets1 !y might f9d relief8 ,b1 above all1 h[ c !y believe t a religion is div9e1 or its au?ors good & pi\s m51 :5 an innoc5t action1 nay1 ! fulfilm5t ( a natural duty1 is puni%$ ) flogg+8 ,!re is no puni%m5t ( :i* ! oral law is s fond2 & x w\ld be a curi\s & int]e/+ employm5t to furni% a li/ ( all ! (f5ces to :i* x is annex$4 ,p]haps 9 no?+ does ! ,talmud diff] m f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t has n1 9 any "o case1 prescrib$ s cruel a puni%m5t4 ,! ,talmud & all its comp5diums prescribe x on ! mo/ trifl+ occasion4 ,! maxim ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is t ( ! ,old also1 8,i w h m]cy1 n sacrifice40 ,n[1 if ! practice ( m]cy be m agreeable 9 ! eyes ( ,god1 ?an ev5 ^? c]emonial rites :i* he himself orda9$1 ) :at pleasure c he contemplate ! religion ( ! oral law1 :i* puni%es1 ev5 :at ,god has all[$1 ) unmeasur$ cruelty8 ,ab5 ,ezra suppos$ t ?is comm&1 8,n to see! a kid 9 its "m's milk10 0 giv5 9 ord] to prev5t cruelty ev5 to ! brute creation2 if ?is be true1 h[ does ,god reg>d ! p]v]sion ( 8 m]cy1 :i* pret5ds to keep ?is comm&1 to sp>e ! brute creation1 by doom+ hundr$s ( mank9d to />vation1 & by flogg+ ^? :o endeav\r to escape f _! mis]y by eat+ :at he has n[h]e =bidd58 ,if ,god has compassion ^u ! bea/s t p]i%1 :at c he ?9k ( ^? tea*]s ( religion :o talk ) su* composure ( a fell[-creature's fa/+ = ?ree days be=e he may eat bread sold by a ,g5tile bak]1 & :o absolutely decide t x is 8 duty to die1 r ?an p>take ( bread bak$ by a private individual :o is n a ,jew8 ,we appeal to ! good s5se ( e ,israelite to answ] ^! que/ions4 ,is x n evid5t t ! ,god ( m]cy mu/ view ) indignation1 ^? tea*]s :o ?us misrepres5t ! nature ( reveal$ religion1 & :o cause 8 holy "n to be blasphem$ among/ ! ignorant8 ,b if ^? m5 are guilty1 a portion ( _! guilt re/s ^u all ^? :o aid & abet 9 uphold+ ! sy/em4 ,!re c be b little excuse = ^? :o h ! ,law & ! ,prophets 9 _! h&s1 & :o !re=e ought to "k1 t ! cruelty ( ! oral law is z contr>y to ! "* ( ,god1 z light is to d>kness4 ,& !re is no excuse at all = ^? ,israelites :o !mselves despise ^! ,rabb9ical laws1 & yet by _! sil5ce & indiff]5ce leave _! bre?r5 /ill 9 mis]y4 ,!y are answ]able = all ! di%on\r done to ,god2 = all ! mis]y inflict$ ^u man2 & = all ! contempt heap$ ^u ! wisdom ( ,israel4 ,no4 ,,liv4 ,,g5tile ,,w9e4 ,! ,jews ( ! pres5t day h got "o religion--! ,*ri/ians h got ano!r4 ,x is mu* to be desir$ t all ! sons ( m5 %\ld h ! "o true religion1 b1 z ?is is n likely to be ! case = "s little "t long]1 x becomes ^? :o diff] to exam9e ! nature & gr\nds ( _! diff]5ces4 ,:atev] ,jews may ?9k ^u ! subject1 ,*ri/ians feel !mselves b\nd to inquire :e!r !y h really err$ s griev\sly z mod]n ,judaism ass]ts4 ,! oral law br+s no less a *>ge aga9/ !m ?an ?is1 ,t !y are guilty ( idolatry1 & !re=e 9 a worse /ate ?an ev5 ! ,mahometans4 1 1 8,z to ^? ,g5tiles :o1 l ! ,i%maelites1 are n idolat]s1 _! w9e is unlawful to dr9k1 b is lawful = purposes ( pr(it1 z is taught by all ! ,gaons2 b ,*ri/ians are idolat]s1 & _! w9e1 ev5 su* z has n be5 us$ z w9e ( libation1 is unlawful ev5 = purposes ( pr(it40 7,hil*o? ,maakhalo? ,asuro?1 c4 xi4 #g47 ,^! words are v pla91 & are confirm$ by ! practice ( ,rabb9i/s 9 e "p ( ! _w1 :o ab/a9 z c>efully f ! w9e belong+ to ,*ri/ians1 z _! =efa!rs w\ld h done f ! idolatr\s libation ( ! ,canaanites4 ,jews1 !re=e _c be a/oni%$ if we exam9e ) c>e a religion t br+s aga9/ u s grave an accusation1 & endeav\r to def5d ourselves aga9/ ! *>ge4 ,we might ask !m1 :e!r !y behold 9 our *ur*es any ( ! emblems ( idolatry4 ,we might ref] !m to ! t5 comm&m5ts writt5 up 9 ! mo/ holy place ( our sacr$ edifices4 ,we might quote f ! ,new ,te/am5t _m w>n+s aga9/ idolatry z pla9 & z solemn z any to be f\nd 9 ! law ( ,moses2 b !re is a previ\s "q to be consid]$1 & t is1 ,:at is ! "* ( t sy/em1 :i* witnesses aga9/ u8 ,is x wor?y ( cr$it--c its te/imony be dep5d$ ^u8 ,if ! oral law be really f ,god1 & if its tea*]s %\ld appe> z fai?ful depositories ( ,div9e tru?1 _! te/imony w\ld h great weight4 ,b if ! rabbies be detect$ z d>+ corrupt]s ( ,div9e revelation1 & _! religion be prov$ to be a p]v]sion ( ! law ( ,moses1 !n ?is *>ge mu/ fall to ! gr\nd z unwor?y ( all cr$it2 & ?is is :at we ass]t4 ,we h already giv5 _m reasons 9 support ( ?is ass]tion1 & n[ add "s m :i* we f9d 9 ! laws ab\t 1 8w9e ( libation10 :i* laws appe> to u to be n only unw>rant$ additions1 b unm]ciful1 un*>itable1 & irrational4 ,we d n mean to d5y t x is utt]ly unlawful to p>take ( w9e t has be5 consecrat$ to idols2 on ! contr>y1 we w\ld ass]t ?is z zeal\sly z any ,israelite4 ,conc]n+ ?+s (f]$ to idols1 ! ,new ,te/am5t says1 8,! ?+s :i* ! ,g5tiles sacrifice1 !y sacrifice to devils1 & n to ,god3 & ,i w\ld n t ye %\ld h fell[%ip ) devils4 ,ye _c dr9k ! cup ( ! ,"l1 & ! cup ( devils40 7#a ,cor4 x4 #bj1 #ba47 ,let n !re=e any ,israelite ?9k t we wi% to def5d :at is contr>y bo? to ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b ?\gh fully conv9c$ ( ! unlawfulness ( dr9k+ w9e or any?+ else consecrat$ to ! s]vice ( idolatry1 we confess t we _c see :y x is unlawful to make use ( w9e n consecrat$ to idolatry1 simply because x belongs to1 or has be5 t\*$ by1 a ,g5tile2 & yet ?is is ! rabb9ic law3-- 1 8,w9e belong+ to ,g5tiles1 ( :i* we d n "k :e!r x has be5 consecrat$ or n1 & :at is call$ common ,g5tile w9e1 is unlawful ev5 to make a pr(it (1 j l w9e t has be5 consecrat$2 & ?is is by ! decree ( ! scribes4 ,:osoev] dr9ks s mu* z "o qu>t] measure ( ?is common ,g5tile w9e is to be flogg$ ) ! flogg+ ( rebellion4 ,all w9e also :i* a ,g5tile t\*es is unlawful because he may h consecrat$ x1 = ! ?\ght ( a ,g5tile is to idolatry4 ,h5ce ?\ ha/ le>n$1 t conc]n+ w9e belong+ to an ,israelite :i* a ,g5tile has t\*$1 ! law is ! same z 9 ! case ( common ,g5tile w9e1 :i* is unlawful ev5 to make a pr(it (40 7,ibid41 #c1 #d47 ,n[ 9 ?is law we h fir/ ! unau?oriz$ additions ( ! rabbies4 ,we h already grant$1 t w9e1 & ev]y?+ else1 consecrat$ to ! s]vice ( idols is unlawful1 b ) ?is ! rabbies are n cont5t4 ,!y =bid w9e t 0 made by1 or ev] 9 ! possession (1 a ,g5tile1 or ev5 if a ,g5tile has t\*$ x1 & t n only to dr9k x1 b to make any use ( x1 or to sell x1 or to be 9 any way employ$ ab\t x1 s z to make any pr(it by x4 1 1 1 1 8,! wise m5 h be5 v /rict ) respect to ! common ,g5tile w9e1 & h pron\nc$ its price to be unlawful1 z t ( w9e :i* has be5 consecrat$ to idolatry2 !re=e1 if a ,g5tile h an ,israelite to lab\r ) him1 9 any ?+ conc]n+ w9e1 8 wages are unlawful4 ,9 l mann]1 if he hire an ass1 or a %ip1 to c>ry w9e1 ! hire !re( is unlawful3 & if x be giv5 to him 9 money1 he is to ?r[ x into ! salt sea4 ,b if ! hire be giv5 him 9 clo!s1 or vessels1 or fruits1 he is to burn !m1 & to bury _! a%es1 t no pr(it may arise !refrom4 ,b if an ,israelite has hir$ an ass to a ,g5tile to ride ^u1 & he lays ^u x bottles ( w9e1 !n ! hire !re( is lawful40 7,ibid41 c4 xiii4 #ae1 c47 ,= all ?is !re is no au?ority :atev] 9 ! law ( ,moses1--x is a pure inv5tion ( ! rabbies1 :o _h b little respect = ! ,div9e law1 & no consid]ation at all = ! necessities ( man4 ,x is evid5t t ^! additions mu/1 9 _m cases1 become s _m imp$im5ts 9 ! way ( e>n+ a subsi/5ce4 ,! proprietor ( a %ip1 or ! own] ( cattle1 is cut (f f "o s\rce ( employm5t & pr(it4 ,n[1 ev5 9 ! case ( ! ri*1 ?\gh !y may feel x less1 ?is is an unju/ifiable sev]ity2 b 9 ! case ( ! poor1 x becomes a mo/ cruel oppression4 ,9 ! w9e-c\ntries1 = example1 a poor ,jew might p]*ance f9d employm5t ) "s ( ! gr[]s ( t article2 b ! rabbies h decl>$ t hone/ indu/ry1 9 a matt] :i* ,god has n[h]e =bidd51 is unlawful1 & ! fruits ( x s abom9able1 z to be fit only = de/ruction4 ,9 ?is city1 also1 _m examples ( ! absurdity & cruelty ( ?is law might be f\nd4 ,suppose t a ,*ri/ian w9e-m]*ant %\ld wi% to employ "s "o or m ( ^? num]\s ,israelites1 :o are de/itute ( ! means ( e>n+ a livelihood1 & %\ld !re=e (f] him a situation1 ei!r 9 8 cell> or 8 c\nt+-h\se1 ! rabbies say t he d>e n accept ( x3 & t x is m pleas+ 9 ! sight ( ,god t ! man %\ld g ab\t idle1 & t 8 family %\ld />ve1 ?an t he %\ld lab\r hone/ly1 & d :at ,god has p]mitt$4 ,:o is !re1 except ! rabbies !mselves1 :o does n see t su* a decision is irrational1 oppressive1 & unm]ciful1 n n[ to speak ( its inju/ice to ,*ri/ian nations1 by class+ !m ) ! idolat]s ( ,canaan8 ,b take ano!r case1 suppose t "s ,*ri/ian1 f9d+ a ,jewi% family 9 deep di/ress1 "s ( ! memb]s p]haps recov]+ f sickness1 to :om a little w9e might be b5eficial1 gives !m a bottle ( w9e1 ,:at are !y to d ) x8 ,may !y make use ( x to /r5g!n _! exhau/$ frames8 ,! rabbies answ]1 ,no4 ,may !y sell x1 & ) ! money pur*ase food1 or "s o!r necess>y ( life8 ,! rabbies answ]1 ,no4 ,:at !n are !y to d ) x8 ,! rabbies answ]1 ,de/roy x2 de/roy :at w\ld recruit y\r fa9t+ bodies--:at w\ld pur*ase bread = y\r />v+ *ildr5--de/roy :at might p]haps save y\r life1 simply because we h =bidd5 x2 & x is m important t our unau?oriz$ laws %\ld be pres]v$ inviolate1 ?an t y %\ld be com=t$ or /r5g!n$ or reliev$ 9 y\r mis]y4 ,?is is ! m]cy ( ,judaism4 ,b we h n done yet4 ,suppose t ! "m ( ! family %\ld beg9 to reason1 & say1 ,?is w9e w\ld pres]ve my poor *ild's life2 a little ( x w\ld /r5g!n me1 & enable me to t5d ! sick b$ ) m alacrity2 ,god has n[h]e =bidd5 x4 ,%e accord+ly adm9i/]s to h] *ild1 & p>takes h]self1 :5 "s rabb9ic zealot ent]s & p]ceives :at %e has done4 ,n[ suppose t ! m9i/]s ( ! oral law _h ! lib]ty to foll[ out all its enactm5ts1 :at w\ld be ! consequ5ce8 ,! poor woman w\ld be summon$ be=e a 1 a tribunal2 ! oral law w\ld be op5$1 & h] s5t5ce be1 ,! flogg+ ( rebellion1 z we h cit$ above4 ,is ?is m]ciful1 is x j1 is x rational8 ,is !re any?+ l x 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 or 9 ! religion ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?8 ,! oral law says t we are idolat]s1 b is x wor?y ( cr$it8 ,c any reasonable man place confid5ce 9 ! tea*+ ( ^? :o are s s5seless z to =bid a p]i%+ fell[-creature to make use ( pr(f]$ relief1 & s m]ciless z to flog him ) ! flogg+ ( rebellion1 if he reg>ds ,god's p]mission m ?an _! prohibition8 ,b x is n only absurdity & cruelty1 :i* "h are to be notic$1 !re is also a c]ta9 measure ( t clev]ness :i* we h rem>k$ on =m] occasions1 :i* provides = ! transgression ( ! law & ! reta9+ ( ! m]it ( keep+ x4 ,! above extract says1 8,if an ,israelite has hir$ an ass to a ,g5tile to ride ^u1 & he lays ^u x bottles ( w9e1 !n ! hire !re( is lawful20 & on ?is pr9ciple ! own] ( a %ip or a wagon may let ei!r g5]ally = ! transport ( m]*&ize1 & provid$ ! ^w w9e is n m5tion$1 ! ,g5tile may transport 8 w9e1 & ! ,jew lawfully receive & use 8 money1 ?\gh if ! ^w w9e _h be5 m5tion$1 ! money w\ld h be5 s unlawful1 t x ought n ev5 be giv5 to relieve ! wants ( ! poor1 b ?r[n into ! salt sea4 ,"h ! rabbies betray _! own ins9c]ity1 & _! unbelief 9 _! own enactm5ts1 by _! det]m9ation to evade _! sev]ity1 :5ev] x int]f]$ ) _! own int]e/s4 ,b ev5 if !re 7 no cruelty1 no contempt = ! law ( ,god1 & no evasion1 ! effect ( multiply+ su* obs]vances is to lead away ! m9d f ! weighti] matt]s ( religion4 ,! ignorant ?9k1 ev5 :il/ !y are violat+ ! t5 comm&m5ts1 t1 if !y ab/a9 f ,g5tile w9e1 !y are fulfill+ a mo/ m]itori\s duty1 & mak+ comp5sation = _! o!r transgressions4 ,inde$ ! rabbies !mselves are n free f ?is effect1 if we may judge by ! foll[+ passage3-- 8,if a ,g5tile h>lot be at an ent]ta9m5t ( ,israelites1 ! w9e is lawful1 = _! fe> is ^u h]1 s t %e w\ld n t\* x4 ,b if an ,israelite h>lot be at an ent]ta9m5t ( ,g5tiles1 h] w9e t is be=e h] 9 h] own vessel is unlawful1 because !y may t\* x )\t h] k40 7,ibid41 c4 xii4 #bf47 ,n[ if m5 or wom5 are s wick$ z to be f\nd 9 su* circum/ances1 9 ! op5 disreg>d ( ,god's law1 is x n deceiv+ !m to tell !m1 or to lead !m to suppose1 t !re c be any m]it 9 any m]e c]emonial obs]vance1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld h be5 orda9$ by ,god himself3 & is x n /ra9+ at a gnat & swall[+ a camel1 to =bid a poor p]i%+ ,jew to ta/e w9e t\*$ by a ,g5tile1 & to all[ x to ^? :o are fea/+ ) a h>lot8 ,p]haps "s "o w reply t x is on acc\nt ( ! idolatry ( ! ,g5tile2 b we h se5 9 ! fir/ extract giv5 9 ?is pap]1 t if w9e be t\*$ ev5 by a ,g5tile :o is n an idolat]1 x is unlawful = a ,jew to dr9k x2 s t to be a ,g5tile at all is 9 ! eyes ( ! rabbies a great] degradation & ( m contam9at+ influ5ce1 ?an to be guilty ( gross immorality4 ,n[ we appeal to ! good s5se ( e ,israelite1 :e!r ?is is n to exalt vice1 & to degrade humanity8 ,god *ose a p to himself1 ,israel is t p2 we hon\r !m z su*3 b1 is t any reason :y ,israel %\ld trample ^u ! ties ( our common humanity1 & look ^u ! t\* ev5 ( a ,g5tile :o fe>s ,god1 z s defil+ t x makes w9e unfit = ! use ( a ,jew8 ,h[ are peace & *>ity ev] to prevail betwe5 ,jews & ,g5tiles1 s long z ?is is look$ ^u z religion8 ,yea1 & h[ is true religion & true fe> ( ,god ev] to prevail among/ ! mass ( ! ,jewi% community1 s long z !y are taught t ,israelites guilty ( immorality are m holy ?an a ,g5tile :o fe>s ,god1 & t s9 is n s dreadful z uncircumcision8 ,! object ( su* comm&s 0 pla9ly to prev5t all social & fri5dly int]c\rse betwe5 ,jews & ,g5tiles "u any circum/ances1 & to build up an et]nal wall ( sep>ation betwe5 !m4 ,?is is v diff]5t f t national & (ficial di/9ction in/itut$ by ,god himself4 ,! object ( ,god's *oice 0 n to put an end to ! practice ( love & *>ity betwe5 ! ,jews & all ! o!r nations ( ! e>?1 b to cem5t ! bonds ( affection4 ,he made ,israel ! depository ( 8 oracles1 t !y might communicate ! tru? to o!r nations1 & t ?us ! nations %\ld feel gratitude = ! b5efit conf]r$1 & ! ,israelites feel t affection = ! nations1 :i* a tea*] naturally feels = ^? :o1 by 8 in/rum5tality1 h =sak5 error & embrac$ ! tru?4 ,! oral law prev5ts ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,div9e law1 & cuts asund] also ^! ties ( amity & peace4 ,x makes x impossible = ,israel to communicate any bless+1 & = ! ,g5tiles to receive any bless+ at _! h&s1 & goes f> t[>ds ?r[+ suspicion on ! ,div9e law4 ,if !re 7 no o!r m$ium ( communication1 ?an ! rabbies1 betwe5 ! ,div9e law & ! _w1 ! wor%ip ( ,jupit] & ,bac*us & all ! o!r hea!n deities w\ld /ill prevail4 ,h[ c\ld ! nations ev] h be5 conv]t$ by ^? :o taught !m1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ,god is su* a respect] ( p]sons1 z to ?9k immorality 9 a ,jew less contam9at+ ?an ! m]e ext]nal t\* ( a pi\s ,g5tile8 ,reason revolts at su* pr(ane absurdity1 & !re=e if ,god _h _h no bett] mess5g]s & repres5tatives ( 8 tru?1 idolatry w\ld /ill cont9ue4 ,"s may reply1 idolatry does /ill cont9ue1 su* at lea/ is ! s5t5ce ( ! oral law1 &1 ?\gh griev$ t any %\ld be s bl9d z to br+ su* a *>ge aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 we are by no means angry or (f5d$ at x4 ,if ! ,jews /ill believe 9 _! own religion1 & !re=e ?9k t ,*ri/ians are idolat]s1 x is _! b\nd5 duty to say s4 ,b !n we ask 9 reply1 if ,*ri/ianity be idolatry1 h[ is x t its doctr9e is m pure1 m m]ciful1 m *>itable1 & m rational ?an t ( ! oral law8 ,*ri/ianity has no c]emonial laws to be obs]v$ by ^? :o fea/ toge!r ) h>lots--,*ri/ianity n[h]e s5t5ces ! poor to flogg+1 because !y p>take ( :at ,god all[s--,*ri/ianity n[h]e repres5ts ,god z an unju/ & imp>tial judge1 :o looks n at moral good & evil1 b at a man's nation4 ,*ri/ianity tea*es t true religion is t ( ! he>t--t at ! day ( judgm5t m]cilessness w obta9 no m]cy1 & t ,god is ! ,god ( ! spirits ( all fle%4 ,let !n ! lov]s ( ! oral law acc\nt = ?is fact1 t ,*ri/ianity1 :i* !y call idolatry1 tea*es a doctr9e t glorifies ,god & b5efits all m52 :il/ ,judaism1 :i* !y say is ! tru?1 tea*es a doctr9e di%on\r+ to ,god1 oppressive to ! ,jews1 & degrad+ to all o!r nations4 ,"s ,jews w reply1 t ,*ri/ians are n idolat]s2 !n we ask su* p]sons h[ !y c pret5d to pr(ess ,judaism1 :i* has ass]t$ ! contr>y = s _m c5turies1 & also act$ ^u ?is pr9ciple1 prohibit+ all int]c\rse1 z mu* z ,moses did 9 ! l& ( ,canaan8 ,ei!r ,*ri/ianity is idolatry1 or ,judaism is false2 !re is no alt]native4 ,e ,jew1 !re=e1 :o ass]ts t ,*ri/ians are n idolat]s1 pron\nces ( ,judaism t x is false4 ,let all su* p]sons !n deal hone/ly1 let !m r5\nce :at !y d n believe2 & let !m d5\nce to _! bre?r5 :at !y ?9k x necess>y to disav[ be=e ,*ri/ians4 ,!y are b\nd to d ?is1 n only to r5\nce ! inju/ice ) :i* ! oral law treats ,*ri/ians1 b to take away ! cruel & oppressive yoke :i* b[s d[n _! bre?r5 ! ,jews4 ,if ,*ri/ianity be n idolatry1 !n all ! laws conc]n+ 1 8w9e ( libation10 are utt]ly out ( place 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!n poor ,jews may accept ( ,*ri/ian b\nty1 & ! (fices ( k9dl9ess & *>ity may be practis$ betwe5 ,jew & ,*ri/ian4 ,^? ,jews !re=e :o pr(ess to believe t ,*ri/ians are n idolat]s1 are b\nd1 by _! obligations bo? to ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 to prote/ aga9/ ! oral law1 & publicly to disav[ all belief 9 x4 ,s long z !y d n make su* a public disav[al1 _! pr(essions ( love & *>ity & respect = ! religion ( ,*ri/ians mu/ be look$ ^u z holl[ & ins9c]e4 ,s long z !y make su* pr(essions1 contr>y to ! oral law1 & yet frequ5t ! wor%ip ( ! synagogue1 :i* ass]ts ! div9ity ( ! oral law1 !y mu/ be reg>d$ ei!r z p]sons :o h motives = pr(ess+ :at !y d n feel1 or :o want moral c\rage to r5\nce :at !y disapprove4 ,^! rem>ks apply p>ticul>ly to ^? ,israelites :o h practically =sak5 ,judaism1 :o associate ) ,*ri/ians1 eat ,g5tile food1 & dr9k ,g5tile w9e1 & "s ( :om p]haps ev5 deal 9 x z an article ( m]*&ize4 ,su* p]sons1 ?\gh ,israelites by nation1 are n ,jews by religion1 at lea/ accord+ to t s5se 9 :i* ! ^w ,jew has be5 us$ bo? by ,israel & ,g5tile nations = ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s4 ,su* p]sons _c pret5d to be pr(essors ( ! ,jewi% p]suasion4 ,any "o :o is 9 ! habit ( dr9k+ ,g5tile w9e has practically =sak5 ,judaism1 j z mu* z if he _h assum$ ! turban & pr(ess$ himself a ,mahometan4 ,x becomes su* p]sons especially to make a /& aga9/ ! oral law1 & to decl>e publicly :at _! religion is1 & :e!r !y h any fix$ pr9ciples at all4 ,!y _c be reg>d$ z ,*ri/ians1 = !y h n be5 baptiz$2 !y _c1 say t !y are ,jews1 = !y h =sak5 ,judaism2 !y _c ass]t t !y h ! religion ( ,moses1 = unless t religion be f\nd among/ ,*ri/ians1 x does n exi/4 ,!re is no body ( religioni/s to be f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry :o pr(ess !mselves ,mosai/s4 ,9 ! synagogue ! oral law is pr(ess$2 9 ! ,*ur* ,*ri/ianity is pr(ess$2 b :]e is ! place ( wor%ip frequ5t$ by ^? :o h =sak5 ,judaism )\t embrac+ ,*ri/ianity8 ,su* p]sons appe> 9 a light t is n at all advantage\s to _! pr9ciples4 ,9 private !y pr(ess to abhor ! intol]ance ( ! oral law1 !y violate its precepts1 & yet on ! occasion ( ! great ,jewi% fa/s & fe/ivals !y are to be se5 9 ! synagogue jo9+ 9 ! wor%ip1 & obs]v+ ! rites ( ! oral law4 ,:at !n are we to believe conc]n+ su* p]sons8 ,are !y indiff]5ti/s1 :o h no religion at all8 or are !y secret admir]s ( ! oral law1 :o1 = worldly purposes1 d5y x :5 occasion suits1 & con=m to x :5 ! consci5ce is uneasy8 ,we are f> f pron\nc+ !m ei!r "o or ! o!r1 b simply propose ^! que/ions = _! own consid]ation1 rem9d !m ( ! equivocal light 9 :i* !y appe>1 & w\ld give !m advice simil> to t ( ,elijah to _! =efa!rs4 ,if ! oral law be true religion1 pr(ess & practise x4 ,if ! oral law be errone\s1 sup]/iti\s1 & un*>itable1 r5\nce x op5ly & hone/ly4 ,no4 ,,lv4 ,,m\rn+ ,,= ,,! ,,dead4 ,mod]n ,judaism1 or ! religion ( ! ,jews1 z x is pr(ess$ by ! majority ( ! nation scatt]$ ?r\gh ! _w1 confess$ly consi/s ( two p>ts4 ,! fir/ is compos$ ( ^? laws :i* are 1 i4e41 :i* are ei!r really f\nd 9 ! writt5 law1 or are suppos$ to be bas$ ^u "s passage ( x4 ,! second1 ( ^? laws :i* are 8( ! words ( ! scribes10 & :i* are1 !re=e1 m]e human in/itutions4 ,conc]n+ ^? t 7 giv5 by ,god1 we readily grant t !y c be *ang$ or abrogat$ only by ,god himself4 ,b respect+ ! latt]1 bo? reason & ,scripture concur 9 assur+ u1 t :at human au?ority has orda9$1 a simil> human au?ority may also abrogate4 ,we grant t s long z ! ,jewi% polity rema9$1 & ! scribes 7 magi/rates1 _! ord9ances1 s f> z !y 7 n contr>y to ! ,^w ( ,god1 7 b9d+ ^u ! ,jews3 b ev5 !n ^? ord9ances 7 n immutable4 ,!y might h be5 repeal$ by ! scribes & magi/rates :o succe$$ !m4 ,& ev5 !n1 :5ev] !y /ood 9 opposition to ! ,^w ( ,god1 x 0 ! b\nd5 duty ( ! ,jews to refuse ob$i5ce4 ,= :at reason1 !n d ! ,jews ( ! pres5t day /ill pay ! same homage to ! words ( ! scribes t !y d to ! ,^w ( ,god8 ,! scribes are n n[ ! civil magi/rates ( ! c\ntries :]e ! ,jews reside2 _! words1 !re=e1 c>ry ) !m no au?ority :atev]4 ,! ,jews are n[ 9 diff]5t circum/ances--are subject to o!r magi/rates & lawgiv]s4 ,! magi/]ial sanction1 :i* ! words ( ! scribes _h be=e ! disp]sion1 has long s9ce be5 lo/2 b ,god n[h]e comm&s ! ,jews 9 ,engl& to obey laws made by ! civil magi/rates ( ,pale/9e two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,!re is n a %ad[ ( obligation rema9+2 & !re=e ! ,jews ( ! pres5t day h a full "r to exam9e into _! t5d5cy & effects1 & if !y %\ld be f\nd injuri\s or unsuitable to pres5t circum/ances1 to reject !m4 ,if ! words ( ! scribes be n obligatory by virtue ( ,div9e au?ority1 ! only imag9able reason = obs]v+ !m is ! supposition t !y are conducive to ! welf>e & happ9ess ( ,israel1 b if x c be %[n t ?is supposition is false1 !n bo? reason & religion w\ld sugge/ ! wisdom ( reject+ !m4 ,we h already %[n ( sev]al su* laws t !y are alike noxi\s to man & di%on\r+ to ,god1 & ?9k n[ to exhibit a simil> result ) reg>d to ! laws conc]n+ m\rn]s = ! dead4 ,( _m ( ^! x is confess$ t !y are n ( ,god1 b simply ord9ances ( ! scribes3 ?us1 ( ! comm& to m\rn sev5 days1 x is ackn[l$g$1 t x is n to be f\nd 9 ! law3-- 8,! only m\rn+ comm&$ 9 ! law is t on ! fir/ day1 :i* is ! day ( ! dea? & ( ! burial4 ,b t ( ! re/ ( ! sev5 days is n an ord9ance ( ! law40 7,hil*o? ,avel41 c4 i4 #a47 ,& ?us ) reg>d to ! v>i\s ?+s f :i* ! m\rn] is to ab/a9 dur+ ^? sev5 days1 x is ackn[l$g$ expressly t ! comm& is altoge!r an ord9ance ( ! scribes3-- 8,^! are ! ?+s :i* ! m\rn] is prohibit$ f do+1 accord+ to ! law1 on ! fir/ day1 b accord+ to ! words ( ! scribes on ! rema9+ days--%av+1 wa%+ ! clo!s1 ba?+1 ano9t+1 duty ( m>riage1 putt+ on %oes1 work+1 read+ 9 ! words ( ! law1 elevat+ ! *air1 uncov]+ ! head1 ask+ aft] ! peace ( any "o40 7,ibid41 c4 v47 ,z !re=e ! rabbies !mselves d n pret5d t ab/95ce f ^! ?+s dur+ ^? days ( m\rn+ is requir$ 9 ! law2 & x is fur!r a matt] ( fact1 t ?is ab/95ce is n inculcat$ by ! laws ( ! l&1 x naturally becomes a "q1 ,:y !n d ! ,jews n[ obs]ve ^! rites8 ,are !y conducive to ! happ9ess & welf>e ( ,israel8 ,we might d\bt respect+ sev]al ( !m1 b "o is s obvi\sly oppressive to ! poor z to be almo/ beyond controv]sy2 we mean ! prohibition to "w dur+ ! sev5 days' m\rn+4 ,we d n mean to d5y1 t :5 dea? ent]s a family1 x is a provid5tial call to humiliation & s]i\s reflection1 & t !re=e ^? :o c %\ld )draw = a :ile f _! e-day occupation1 & seek by pray] & p5it5ce to h ! affliction turn$ into a bless+4 ,b to require ( ^? :o h n food = !mselves or _! families to embitt] _! cup ( sorr[ by add+ ! pangs ( hung]1 is to act ! "p ( an inconsid]ate & m]ciless tyrant1 & ?is is :at ! oral law does4 ,x says-- 1 1 8,all ! fir/ ?ree days x is unlawful to "w1 ev5 ?\gh ! man %\ld be s poor z to live on alms4 ,b aft] t1 if he be poor1 he may "w privately 9 8 own h\se40 ,?us1 all ^? ^: bus9ess lies out ( doors1 & :o are oblig$ to w&] ab\t 9 ord] to get a livelihood1 are completely cut (f f ! possibility ( supply+ ! wants ( _! family4 ,! law 0 evid5tly made "u v diff]5t circum/ances f ^? 9 :i* ! ,jewi% p are n[ f\nd4 ,x presupposes t e "o has got "s trade or occupation :]eby he c e>n 8 bread at home1 b ?is is n ! case at pres5t4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! p1 9 e "p ( ! _w1 n[ get a liv+ by frequ5t+ ! public resorts ( m53 to =bid ^!1 !n1 f go+ =? to _! "w1 is equival5t to =bidd+ !m to eat dur+ sev5 days4 ,:y !n %\ld ,israel be b\nd by ^! laws1 :i* ev51 accord+ to ! confession ( ! rabbies1 h no ,div9e au?ority1 & are n[ only oppressive to ! poor8 ,b x is n m]ely ( inconsid]ation = ! poor t ! oral law is guilty3 we h m ?an once rem>k$ ! pr\d contempt ) :i* x treats ! poor & ! unle>n$1 & are sorry to f9d x ev5 9 ! laws conc]n+ ! la/ sad (fices to humanity3-- 1 1 8,if !re be two p]sons dead 9 a city at once1 he t di$ fir/1 is fir/ to be c>ri$ =? to burial1 & !n ! second4 ,b if "o ( !m be a wise man1 & ! o!r ! disciple ( a wise man1 ! wise man is to h ! prec$5cy4 ,if "o be ! disciple ( a wise man & ! o!r an unle>n$ "o 7amha>etz71 ! disciple ( ! wise man is to be c>ri$ =? fir/40 7,joreh ,deah1 #ced47 ,we d n "h object to ! practical result1 b to ! _s ( ! law4 ,god has orda9$ diff]5t ranks & grades ( society1 & wills1 !re=e1 t hon\r %\ld be giv5 to :om hon\r is due1 & ! common c\rse ( ! _w br+s m5 & ?+s to _! level4 ,b ! doctors ( ! oral law 7 det]m9$ n to leave _! po/hum\s hon\r to ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts1 b :il/ !y liv$1 took ! matt] into _! own h&s1 & decre$ t ! hon\r paid !m 9 life %\ld also be r5d]$ to _! poor bodies aft] dea?2 & t no plebeian or unle>n$ p]son %\ld take prec$5cy1 ev5 9 ! la/ sad mem5to ( human frailty4 ,aft] dea? !re is b little diff]5ce betwe5 ! le>n$ & ! unle>n$1 & ! real diff]5ce is made1 n by _! previ\s le>n+ or ignorance1 b by _! moral wor?4 ,an unle>n$ man may be1 & (t5 is1 f> m belov$ by man1 & f> m pleas+ 9 ! sight ( ,god1 ?an ! mo/ le>n$1 & !re=e1 :5 dea? has de/roy$ ! imag9>y di/9ctions ( "t1 if religion makes any diff]5ce betwe5 ! dead1 x surely ought to make x accord+ to t e/imate1 :i* is et]nal4 ,b ! religion ( ! oral law _c =get worldly di/9ction1 ev5 9 ! solemn mom5t ( dea?1 & !re=e comm&s1 t z ! unle>n$ man1 no matt] :at 8 moral wor? may h be51 has be5 despis$ 9 8 life1 he %\ld /ill be> ! m>ks ( di%on\r ev5 9 8 dea? & burial4 ,b ! homage :i* ! oral law pays to weal? & m]e worldly di/9ction1 is /ill m app>5t 9 its comm&s respect+ ! measure ( lam5tation to be dealt out to ! deceas$4 ,x says1 on ?is subject-- 1 8,! sons ( ! ri* are to be reg>d$ z ! sons ( ! wise m52 & ! sons ( ! wise m5 z ! sons ( k+s1 ) reg>d to prais+ _! de$s40 7,ibid41 #cdd47 ,"h !re is no concealm5t4 ,! le>n$ mak]s ( ! oral law *oose to h _! *ildr5 hon\r$ ) ! hon\rs ( royalty1 & %[ t1 h[ev] highly !y might prize _! le>n+1 !y _h a due e/imate ( ! value ( weal?2 & t h[ev] !y might despise ! unle>n$1 _! contempt might be mod]at$1 if ! object ( x 0 only ri*4 ,9 ! _w we are n a/oni%$ at ! inord9ate homage paid to weal?1 b :5 ! tea*]s ( religion b[ d[n be=e ! gold5 idol1 & assign to m]e weal? an hon\r :i* !y refuse to ! piety & moral wor? ( ! poor1 we _c help d\bt+ ! purity ( _! pr(ess$ pr9ciples1 & que/ion+ ! tru? ( _! religi\s sy/em4 ,! ma9 object ( religion %\ld be to raise m5 above ! delusive appe>ances ( ?is pres5t _w--to tea* m5 to look beyond ! di/9ctions ( rank1 & weal?1 & le>n+1 to t et]nal di/9ction :i* ! righte\s ,judge w make accord+ to man's de$s4 ,& if !re be "o season m ?an ano!r :]e religion ought to disreg>d ! pr9ciples & cu/oms ( ! _w1 x is ) respect to ! h\r ( dea? & burial4 ,b "h ! oral law /ill ma9ta9s its love = weal? & worldly di/9ction1 & its haughty contempt = ignorance1 pov]ty1 & humbl5ess ( /ation4 ,if any additional pro( is /ill necess>y1 x is f\nd 9 ! =ms prescrib$ on ! dea? ( slaves3-- 8,9 ! case ( male & female slaves1 ! p are n to /& 9 a r[1 nor to say ! b5$iction ( ! m\rn]s1 nor ! consolations ( ! m\rn]s2 b1 z "o says1 to a man ^: ox or ass is dead1 ,god replace y\r loss1 s "o is to say1 9 ! case ( a male or female slave :o has di$40 7,ibid41 #cgg47 ,volumes c\ld n s cle>ly set =? ! g5ius ( ,judaism1 & ! _s ( its au?ors1 z ?is "o %ort law4 ,x exhibits ! f\nd]s ( ,judaism1 n only z void ( all true religi\s s5tim5t1 b absolutely dead to all ! natural feel+s ( humanity4 ,if m\rn]s ( any description require sympa?y & respect1 surely !y are ! m\rn+ family ( a slave1 =1 except+ crime1 !re is n any?+ t c aggravate ! bitt]ness ( dea? m ?an slav]y4 ,"h religion %\ld p\r 9 its oil & w9e1 & z x alleviat$ ! mis]ies ( life1 dim9i% f ! pangs ( dea?4 ,at su* an h\r1 religion %\ld ass]t ! lib]ty ( ! s\l1 & rem9d ! *ildr5 ( pride1 t 9 ! life aft] dea? ! di/9ction ( ma/] & slave is unkn[n2 t !re et]nal & spiritual lib]ty awaits all ! *ildr5 ( ,god1 :atev] _! outw>d condition "h4 ,at su* an h\r1 religion %\ld especially console ! survivors ) ! hope1 t !re is ano!r & bett] /ate ( exi/5ce1 :]e ! slave & ! freeman are equally reg>d$1 & dealt ) accord+ to "o et]nal rule ( ju/ice4 ,b ! religion ( ! oral law1 on ! contr>y1 c>ries ! degradation ( slav]y ev5 d[n to ! grave1 & helps x to survive ! p]iod ( bondage4 ,x orda9s t ! usual religi\s rites %\ld n be obs]v$1 & places ! slave on ! same level ) ! brute t p]i%e?4 ,x prescribes no consolation = ! slave's afflict$ family1 b orda9s t 8 ma/] %\ld receive ! same words ( com=t1 z if he _h lo/ an ox or ass4 ,! dea? ( ! slave is look$ ^u z no?+2 x is only = ! slave-own]'s loss t ! oral law has any consid]ation4 ,! fact ( 8 hav+ be5 a human be+1 an inh]itor ( ,god's image1 & an heir ( ev]la/+ life1 is entirely ov]look$ by ! rabbies4 ,he 0 a slave1 & !y ?9k1 !re=e1 t z he 0 treat$ l a bea/ :il/ he liv$1 he may be buri$ l a bea/ n[ t he is dead4 ,if ^! slaves _h be5 ,g5tiles1 x w\ld n h be5 surpris+ t ! oral law %\ld treat !m ) su* little c]emony4 ,b we mu/ rememb] t all su* slaves 7 compell$ to become proselytes to ,judaism4 ,!y 71 !re=e1 co-religioni/s ) _! ma/]s2 b ev5 ?is c\ld n procure !m ! respect due to human be+s4 ,because ! provid5ce ( ,god _h made !m slaves1 ! oral law endeav\r$ to turn !m into bea/s4 ,we are sure t _m ,jews ( ! pres5t day w revolt ) horror f su* a doctr9e2 & ackn[l$ge t x is a libel ^u religion4 ,!y w be ready to confess1 t ! poor slave is a fell[-creature1 & an expectant ( life et]nal2 b let su* p]sons /op to consid] :5ce !y h d]iv$ ^! s5tim5ts1 s mu* m j1 m m]ciful1 & m wor?y ( religion1 ?an ^? express$ 9 ! oral law4 ,t !y h n d]iv$ !m f ,judaism is cle>4 ,may !y n1 !n1 be indebt$ = !m to ! influ5ce & atmosph]e ( ,*ri/ianity 9 :i* !y live8 ,c]ta9 x is1 t ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9s v diff]5t pr9ciples1 respect+ ! treatm5t ( slaves1 f ^? :i* we h discov]$ 9 ! oral law4 ,b1 fur!r1 w\ld x n be well = ^? :o disapprove ^! rabb9ic pr9ciples1 to ask !mselves :y !y pr(ess ! rabb9ic religion8 ,if x be true t a slave is some?+ bett] ?an an ox or an ass1 ,judaism1 :i* classes !m altoge!r1 mu/ be false3 & ! m5 :o made su* laws1 mu/ be confess$ to be v unfit tea*]s ( religion4 ,nay m1 ,judaism mu/ be ackn[l$g$ z a religion mo/ unfit to promote ! happ9ess ( ! human race4 ,if ,judaism %\ld prevail aga91 &1 z its advocates expect1 prevail univ]sally1 slav]y w\ld also prevail 9 ! same degree3 slaves w\ld aga9 be compell$ to become proselytes1 & aga9 be treat$ z bea/s4 ,su* is ! great consummation1 ! reg5]ation t ,judaism promises ! _w4 ,we !re=e ask e ,jewi% read]1 ,:e!r he c pray = su* a /ate ( ?+s1 & :e!r he wi%es to be ?us enabl$ to degrade & trample ^u 8 fell[-s9n]s8 ,if he does n1 !re mu/ be some?+ wrong 9 ! religi\s sy/em :i* he pr(esses--& if he only detects ?is "o error1 or ackn[l$ges only ?is "o falsehood respect+ ! classification ( slaves ) ox5 & asses1 x is suffici5t to %ake ! :ole rabb9ic fabric3 & if he has any conc]n = ! hon\r ( ! ,jewi% nation1 he w endeav\r to deliv] !m f su* a f\l imputation ^u _! m]cy & _! humanity4 ,b !re is "o po9t m 9 ^! laws respect+ m\rn]s1 :i* x is necess>y to notice4 ,! oral law =bids ! m\rn]1 z we h se5 above1 to read 9 ! words ( ! law = sev5 days3-- 1 8,! m\rn] is =bidd5 to read 9 ! law1 ! prophets1 & ! ,hagiographa3 x is also =bidd5 to /udy 9 ! ,mi%na1 ,talmud1 ,con/itutions1 & ,agado?40 ,t a m\rn] w\ld h no great loss 9 n be+ all[$ to /udy 9 ! oral law1 we c readily believe2 b :y %\ld he be prohibit$ f go+ to ! great f\nta9 ( consolation--! reveal$ ,^w ( ,god8 ,if !re be "o season ( life m fit ?an ano!r = /udy+ ! ,^w ( ,god1 surely x is :5 dea? has ent]$ a family1 & rem9d$ all its inmates t ! wages ( s9 is dea?4 ,if a husb& or wife be left to m\rn ov] ! b]eavem5t ( a belov$ p>tn]1 :at consolation c be equal to t :i* !y f9d 9 ,god's promise ( a _w :]e !re is nei!r sorr[ nor dea?1 & :]e ^? :o meet %all nev] "p aga98 ,if *ildr5 be left to m\rn ov] ! removal ( _! p>5ts1 :i!r %\ld !y flee = consolation r ?an to t ,^w :i* tells !m ( him :o is ! fa!r ( ! fa!rless8 ,e reasonable p]son w ?9k also t1 :5 ! he>t is s(t5$ by ! pat]nal *a/isem5t1 !n is a peculi>ly appropriate season = le>n+ 8 precepts & tak+ he$ to 8 exhortations--& yet ! oral law1 ) a sort ( mo/ p]v]se +5uity1 has j select$ t p]iod ( human life1 9 :i* ! consolations ( ,god's ,^w are mo/ necess>y & its in/ruction likely to be ( mo/ use1 to =bid ! read+ ( x altoge!r4 ,& "h1 ! rabbies h n scrupl$ to set aside ! pla9 comm& ( ,god4 ,god says ( 8 law1 8,?\ %alt m$itate !re9 day & night & makes no exception = ! sev5 days ( m\rn+ = ! dead40 ,9 describ+ ! "* ( ! righte\s he says1 8,8 delight is 9 ! law ( ! ,"l1 & 9 8 law do? he m$itate day & night & pron\nces a bless+ ^u su* a "*40 ,b ! rabbies1 9 contempt bo? ( ! comm& & ( ! promis$ bless+1 =bid ! already afflict$ m\rn] to obey ! comm& & to seek ! bless+4 ,ev5 :5 ! scribes & rabbies 7 9 ! pl5itude ( _! p[] z civil magi/rates 9 ! l& ( ,israel1 ob$i5ce to su* a comm& w\ld h be5 unlawful1 z imply+ disob$i5ce to ! comm& ( ,god4 ,! law ( ,god & ! law ( man are "h pla9ly 9 collision2 ! =m] comm&+ ,israel to /udy 9 8 law day & night2 ! latt] prohibit+ all /udy = ! sev5 days ( ! m\rn+2 b :5ev] ^! two au?orities are oppos$1 no rational be+ c d\bt t x is ,israel's duty to obey ,god r ?an man4 ,b1 9 ! pres5t day1 :5 ! oral law is n ! law ( ! l&1 :51 !re=e1 ! ord9ances ( ! scribes h no au?ority :atev]1 x is impossible to conceive :y ,israel %\ld obey ?is prohibition1 unless !y wi%1 by "s public act1 to exhibit _! det]m9ation to transgress ! laws or ,god4 ,e "o :o ab/a9s f ! /udy ( ,god's ,^w = sev5 days1 pla9ly disobeys ! ,div9e comm& z giv5 by ,moses & ! prophets2 h[ !n c ! ,jews ( ! pres5t day deceive !mselves by suppos+ t !y h ! religion ( ,moses8 ,! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 ,hea!nism & ! religion ( ,moses is1 t ! latt] gives a revelation ( ,god's w to guide u 9 difficulty & to com=t u 9 affliction4 ,! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 a ,hea!n & a ,jewi% m\rn] ought to be1 t ! ,jew flees = consolation to ,god & 8 ,^w1 :il/ ! ,hea!n indulges 9 sorr[ z ^? t h no hope4 ,! oral law1 h[ev]1 breaks d[n ) ?is di/9ction1 & r$uces ! ,jew to ! level ( ! ,hea!n1 by robb+ him 9 8 h\r ( ne$ ( ,god's promises1 & comm&+ him to ab/a9 = sev5 days f all /udy ( ,god's ,^w4 ,^! laws respect+ m\rn+1 !n1 z be+ oppressive to ! poor1 insult+ to ! unle>n$1 degrad+ to humanity1 & contr>y to ! express precepts ( ! ,div9e law1 h no intr9sic m]it to comm5d !m to ,israel1 & no claim ^u _! ob$i5ce4 ,no4 ,,lvi4 ,,disp5sation ,,f ,,an ,,oa?4 ,a religion :i* is pla9ly contr>y to any ( ! ,div9e attributes1 mu/ necess>ily be false4 ,= in/ance1 ,god is a holy ,god3 a religion1 !re=e1 :i* w\ld promote unhol9ess c\ld n h ! ,holy ,"o ( ,israel = its au?or4 ,god is also a m]ciful & a j ,god3 a religion1 !re=e1 :i* is *>act]iz$ by cruelty or inju/ice1 _c proce$ f him2 & = ?is reason1 among/ o!rs1 we believe t ! religion ( ! oral law _c be t true religion :i* ,god gave to ,moses & ! prophets4 ,! oral law is mo/ unju/ 9 its laws respect+ ,g5tiles1 slaves1 & unle>n$ m51 & mo/ unm]ciful 9 v _m ( its enactm5ts4 ,b if !re be "o attribute m ?an ano!r1 :i* is di/9ctive ( ! true ,god1 x is tru?4 ,9 ! prophecies ( ,j]emiah1 ,he is ev5 id5tifi$ ) tru?1 z x is said3-- 8,! ,"l ,god is ,tru?40 7,j]4 x4 #aj47 ,& 9 t pr$iction1 :i* he put into ! m\? ( ,balaam1 he says1 t x is by ?is attribute t he is di/+ui%$ f ! sons ( m54 8,god is n a man t he %\ld lie2 nei!r ! son ( man t he %\ld rep5t3 ha? he said1 & %all he n d x8 or ha? he spok51 & %all he n make x good80 7,numb]s xxiii4 #ai47 ,m5 may be wick$ en\gh to promise :at !y d n int5d to p]=m1 or aft] promis+1 may *ange _! m9d1 & refuse to fulfil _! engagem5ts2 b ,god is too holy to deceive wilfully1 or to alt] :at has proce$$ out ( 8 m\?4 ,a religion1 !re=e1 :i* 9 any wise t5ds to less5 our rev]5ce = tru?1 or enc\rages m5 to alt] a solemn engagem5t1 or1 :at is /ill worse1 tea*es h[ to absolve f oa?s1 _c proce$ f ! ,god ( tru?2 & ?is is :at ! oral law does 9 c]ta9 cases4 ,we d n mean to accuse x ( tea*+1 z ! religion ( ,rome does1 t disp5sation may be _h f e k9d ( oa?4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! rabbies assume ! p[] ( disp5sation only 9 ! case ( 1 8ra% oa?s20 b we mean to ass]t1 t ev5 t assumption is contr>y to ! ,^w ( ,god1 & injuri\s to ! cause ( tru?2 &1 !re=e1 suffici5t to ov]?r[ ! cr$it ( ! oral law z a religion giv5 by ,god4 ,! doctr9e itself is z foll[s3-- 1 1 1 1 8,if any man swe> a ra% oa?1 & aft]w>ds rep5t ( x1 because he sees t if he keep ?is oa? x w cause him grief1 & !re=e *anges 8 m9d2 or if some?+ %\ld occur to him :i* 0 n 9 8 m9d at ! "t :5 he swore1 & he rep5t on t acc\nt2 behold1 a p]son1 9 su* circum/ances1 is to ask "o wise man 7rabbi71 or ?ree common m5 9 any place :]e !re is n a wise man1 & !y absolve him f 8 oa?2 & !n x w be lawful to d a ?+ :i* he _h sworn n to d1 or to leave undone a ?+ :i* he _h sworn to d3 & ?is is :at is call$ absolution f oa?s4 ,?is matt] has no f\ndation :atev] 9 ! writt5 law1 b x has be5 le>n$ f ,moses1 our ma/]1 by oral tradition1 t ! ,scripture1 #8,he %all n pr(ane 8 ^w1' 7,numb]s xxx4 #c1 9 ! ,engli% ,bible #b17 means1 t a man %all n himself pr(ane 8 ^w 9 a way ( levity & ) a contemptu\s m9d1 accord+ z x is writt51 #8,nei!r %alt ?\ pr(ane ! "n ( ?y ,god' 7,levit4 xix4 #ab72 b if a man rep5t & *ange 8 m9d1 a wise man is to absolve him40 7,hil*o? ,%'vuo?1 c4 vi4 #a1 #b47 ,"h x is pla9ly taught1 t if a man has reason to fe> any p]sonal inconv5i5ce1 or ev5 if he *anges 8 m9d1 he may escape f ! mo/ solemn obligation t c be laid ^u ! consci5ces ( m52 & t1 aft] appeal+ to ,god 9 confirmation ( 8 decl>ation to d or to leave undone "s p>ticul> action1 "o or m ( 8 fell[-s9n]s c remit 8 duty to 8 ,creator1 & give him a lic5se to d ! v contr>y ( t :i* he _h promis$ be=e & unto ,god1 t he w\ld d4 ,n[ let e ,israelite read] fir/ consult 8 own reason1 & reflect :e!r ?is doctr9e is agreeable to ! "* ( ,god1 z set =? 9 ! ,scripture4 ,! ,god ( ! ,bible is a ,god ( et]nal & immutable tru?4 ,"o ( 8 peculi> *>act]i/ics1 t he keepe? cov5ant & m]cy4 ,a man1 !re=e1 :o breaks 8 ^w1 & /ill m s1 a man :o breaks an oa?1 is unlike ,god4 ,is x probable1 !n1 t ,god w\ld give a religion ) a special provision = mak+ m5 unlike himself8 ,aga91 ,god is a ,god ( k1 & !re=e kn[s t ! *ildr5 ( m5 are 9 a great degree ! *ildr5 ( habit2 he kn[s also t by habit ! evil prop5sities are /r5g!n$1 & t !re is 9 m5 a /rong prop5sity to %r9k f _! ^w1 if x cause any tr\ble or damage3 is x likely1 !n1 t ,god w\ld give a law directly t5d+ to /r5g!n t evil prop5sity by =m+ a habit ( break+ "o's ^w1 ev5 "u ! solemn circum/ances ( an oa?8 ,reason decides t su* a law _c proce$ f ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,has x !n any support 9 ! writt5 ,^w ( ,god8 ,x w\ld be /range1 inde$1 if ! ,^w ( ,god %\ld conta9 any?+ contr>y to reason4 ,z reveal+ ! nature ( ,him :o is incompreh5sible1 x may conta9 ?+s above our reason3 b t 9 giv+ laws = man x %\ld give him lic5se to d :at 8 reason tells him is directly oppos$ to ! "* ( ,god1 is altoge!r incr$ible4 ,! rabbies1 !mselves1 h[ev]1 d n endeav\r to ju/ify ! doctr9e by a ref]5ce to ,scripture4 ,!y say 9 pla9 t]ms1 8,?is matt] has no f\ndation :atev] 9 ! writt5 law10 & ?us ackn[l$ge t x is altoge!r a matt] ( tradition1 ! argum5t aga9/ x1 !re=e1 becomes d\bly /rong4 ,e "o kn[s1 t a /ory loses no?+ by pass+ ?r\gh _m m\?s1 b t 9 ! c\rse ( its progress x gets s _m additions1 & und]goes s _m *anges z at la/ to be sc>cely recognisable4 ,?is circum/ance makes all oral tradition unc]ta9 & unsatisfactory1 b is p>ticul>ly suspici\s :5 x appe>s1 n only oppos$ to ! ,scripture "* ( ,god1 b also fav\rable to ! evil prop5sities ( man4 ,if x _h exact$ a m scrupul\s reg>d to tru? & a will+ submission to h>d%ip & inconv5i5ce = ! sake ( tru?1 !n1 z oppos+ ! pr9ciples ( self-int]e/1 x w\ld h be5 less suspici\s2 b :5 x actually tells m5 t to d :at may save !m f worldly tr\ble or p]sonal disadvantage is a ,div9e in/itution1 "o _c help suspect+ t x is an inv5tion ( m51 :o f\nd x conv5i5t occasionally to escape f ! obligation ( an oa?4 ,b aft] all1 ! great arbit] mu/ be ! writt5 ,^w ( ,god4 ,! rabbies say1 ,t x has be5 le>n$ f ,moses by oral tradition1 t ! words1 8,he %all n pr(ane 8 ^w10 mean t a man %all n himself pr(ane 8 ^w 9 a way ( levity1 b t he %all g to a wise man & get absolution2 let u !n read ! :ole v]se f :i* ^? words are tak53-- 8,if a man v[ a v[ unto ! ,"l1 or swe> an oa? to b9d 8 s\l ) a bond1 he %all n break 8 ^w1 he %all d accord+ to all t proce$e? out ( 8 m\?40 ,n[ let any man ( common s5se & hone/y say1 :e!r if x _h be5 ,god's int5tion to =bid all absolution f oa?s1 ,he c\ld h employ$ words m to ! purpose ?an ^!2 or :e!r ! pla9 simple grammatical mean+ is n directly oppos$ to ! rabb9ic doctr9e8 ,god says1 ,if a man swe>1 he %all n pr(ane 8 ^w4 ,! rabbies say1 he may pr(ane 8 ^w4 ,to prev5t all mi/ake1 ,god fur!r adds1 8,he %all d accord+ to all t proce$s out ( 8 m\?40 ,! rabbies say1 he ne$ n d :at proce$s out ( 8 m\?2 & yet !y h ! face to tell u1 t _! doctr9e is f ,moses1 & is ! traditional int]pretation ( words :i* signify ! v rev]se ( :at !y say4 ,x is only wond]ful t !y %\ld h ref]r$ to ?is v]se at all1 & ! fact c only be acc\nt$ = by ! supposition t ?is v]se 0 too pla9 to be got ov]1 & !re=e !y ?\ght x be/ to take ! bull by ! horns1 by select+ ?is v v]se z ! basis ( _! int]pretation4 ,t ?is v]se 9 its grammatical con/ruction is directly oppos$ to ! oral law no "o c d\bt1 = x =bids :at ! rabbies all[1 & comm&s :at ! rabbies =bid4 ,b ! opposition is n f\nd 9 ?is v]se only4 ,! o!r v]se to :i* ! rabbies also allude is equally pla9 aga9/ x4 ,! words1 8,ye %all n swe> by my "n falsely1 nei!r %alt ?\ pr(ane ! "n ( ?y ,god4 ,i am ! ,,"l10 pla9ly =bid t absolution f oa?s :i* ! rabbies tea* n only z lawful1 b z ( ,div9e au?ority4 ,we "k t ! rabbies make a di/9ction betwe5 a false oa? & a ra% oa?2 b ! di/9ction1 z made by !m is unf\nd$4 ,a ra% oa?1 accord+ to _! doctr9e1 is an oa? conc]n+ some?+ :i* x is possible & lawful = a man to d or to leave undone2 = z soon z x int]f]es ) ! fulfilm5t ( a ,div9e comm&1 x belongs to t class ( oa?s :i* !y call va9 oa?s4 ,if1 !re=e1 a man swe>s to d :at is bo? lawful & possible = him to d1 & aft]w>ds draws back & does x n1 :at man 9 8 s5ses c d\bt1 t t individual1 no matt] :at ! pretext = n keep+ ! oa?1 is guilty ( hav+ sworn falsely8 ,:at is x to swe> falsely1 if volunt>ily to refuse to d :at a man _h previ\sly sworn to d1 con/itute n t s98 ,a s9ful falsehood is a wilful dep>ture f tru?2 "h !re is t wilful dep>ture3 :o1 !n1 w d>e to affirm1 t su* conduct is n contr>y to ! express comm& ( ,god8 ,rabb9i/s sometimes say1 t ?\gh ! oral law sometimes comm&s m ?an is comm&$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 x nev] all[s :at ,god has =bidd52 b "h we h a pla9 example ( ! contr>y4 ,"h ! oral law all[s false swe>+1 :i* ,god has positively =bidd54 ,! doctr9e ( absolution f oa?s tea*es m5 to transgress ?ree negative precepts4 ,! man :o swe>s to d any?+ & !n does x n1 because he has got absolution1 violates1 fir/1 ! negative precept1 8,he %all n pr(ane 8 ^w20 he violates1 secondly1 ! negative precept1 8,ye %all n swe> by my "n falsely20 &1 la/ly1 he violates a negative precept m important ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs2 & t is1 8,nei!r %alt ?\ pr(ane ! "n ( ?y ,god40 ,any man1 pret5d+ to religion1 :o %\ld act ^u ^! pr9ciples1 fir/ swe> & !n obta9 absolution f 8 oa?1 w\ld expose 8 religion to ! contempt & indignation ( all hone/ m51 & !reby d all t 9 him lies to pr(ane ! "n ( 8 ,god4 ,let1 !n1 e ,israelite :o ?9ks t ! negative precepts are m important ?an ! affirmative1 rememb]1 t 9 ?is "o in/ance ! oral law tea*es him to violate ?ree su* precepts2 & let him reflect fur!r1 t ! uphold+ su* a law z ?is is to pr(ane ! "n ( ! ,god ( ,israel be=e ^? :o are ignorant ( ! ,scripture4 ,b ! rabb9ical doctr9e does n /op at prospective absolution1 x goes s f> z to absolve f ! guilt ( p]jury actually committ$3-- 1 1 1 1 1 8,if a man swe> a ra% oa? conc]n+ ! future1 b lies 9 t :i* he has sworn1 z1 if he %\ld swe> n to eat ?is bread1 & aft]w>ds %\ld eat x2 & if1 aft] he has eat5 x1 be=e he br+s 8 sacrifice1 9 case he did x ignorantly1 or be=e he is flogg$1 9 case he did x presumptu\sly--he rep5t & ask a wise man1 & he absolve him1 behold su* an "o is exempt f ! sacrifice or f ! flogg+3 & n only s1 b if !y _h actually b\nd him 9 ord] to flog him1 & he ask a wise man1 & he absolve him be=e ! flogg+ has comm5c$1 he is exempt40 7,ibid4 #ah47 ,9 ?is rabb9ic decision !re are two cases1 & bo? contr>y to ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,fir/1 we h ! case ( ! man :o has brok5 8 oa? ignorantly1 & respect+ :om ,god has decid$ 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,if a s\l swe>1 pron\nc+ ) 8 lips to d evil1 or to d good1 :atsoev] x be t a man %all pron\nce ) an oa?1 & x be hid f him2 :5 he kn[e? ( x1 !n he %all be guilty 9 "o ( ^!4 ,& x %all be1 :5 he %all be guilty 9 "o ( ^! ?+s1 t he %all confess t he ha? s9n$ 9 t ?+3 & he %all br+ 8 trespass-(f]+ unto ! ,"l = 8 s9 :i* he ha? s9n$10 c4 7,levit4 v4 #d1 c47 ,"h ,god positively comm&s1 fir/1 t he %\ld confess 8 s91 & secondly1 t he %\ld br+ a sacrifice 9 ord] to obta9 =giv5ess2 &1 by ! above law1 ! rabbies z positively decl>e t ob$i5ce to ^! comm&s is sup]flu\s4 ,a man ne$ only say t he has *ang$ 8 m9d1 & get a rabbi to absolve him1 & !n he c set ! ,^w ( ,god at defiance1 he ne$ nei!r confess 8 s91 nor br+ ! sacrifice4 ,h[ c ! m5 :o pr(ess su* a religion pret5d to h any reg>d = ! law ( ,moses1 or h[ c !y ) any consi/5cy reproa* ,*ri/ians ) ! non-obs]vance ( ! c]emonial precepts1 :5 !y !mselves pr(ess religi\s pr9ciples :i* unc]emoni\sly subv]t su* pla9 comm&s8 ,! second case is1 h[ev]1 f> m flagrant4 ,x supposes a man to h sworn t he w\ld n d a c]ta9 ?+1 b aft]w>ds wilfully to h done x--t is1 x supposes a man to h be5 guilty ( wilful p]jury1 & yet decl>es t he may be deliv]$ bo? f ! guilt & ! puni%m5t1 by go+ to a rabbi & gett+ absolution4 ,?is oral law1 :i* w\ld flog a poor />v+ creature = eat+ ,g5tile food1 or meat & milk toge!r1 devises an exp$i5t = deliv]+ him :o is guilty ( ! grave crime ( p]jury--t is1 ?\gh cruel to ! poor1 x is m]ciful to ! crim9al4 ,if ?is be n to violate ! laws ( ,god ) a high h&1 !n we "k n :at s9 is4 ,"h bo? classes ( ! precepts1 negative & affirmative1 are treat$ ) ! same contempt2 bo? equally trampl$ "u foot4 ,! guilty are absolv$1 n only f do+ :at ,god comm&s1 b f ! p5alty ( actual transgression4 ,! rabbies presume n only to absolve a man f do+ :at he has sworn to d1 b also to turn p]jury actually committ$ into innoc5ce4 ,!y h assum$ ! high pr]ogative ( ,god1 h abrogat$ 8 laws1 & taught ! guilty to set 8 ?reat5+s at defiance4 ,we v]ily believe t ! mass ( ! ,jewi% p h be5 ignorant ( ?is gross contempt = ! ,mosaic law1 or !y c\ld nev] h cont9u$ s long 9 su* a sy/em1 nor s long h suff]$ ! "n ( ,god to be pr(an$ by ! attempt to pass (f su* a religion z proce$+ f ,him4 ,n[1 !n1 we call on e read] ( ?is pap] to decide :e!r ! oral law c really be f ,god8 ,has ?is doctr9e ( absolution f oa?s any?+ resembl+ ! "* ( ! ,div9e ,be+ z a ,god ( tru?8 ,is x possible t ,god %\ld give an oral law directly subv]sive ( t :i* he has giv5 9 writ+2 or w any "o d>e to say t ! ,almighty1 :5 he wi%$ to give a law p]mitt+ absolution f oa?s1 knew s little ( ! ,hebrew language z to enunciate x 9 words :i* directly =bid x8 ,let no "o misund]/& u1 z if we appli$ ! passages quot$ f ! oral law g5]ally to ! case ( all oa?s1 or z if we attribut$ ?is doctr9e ( ! oral law to all ,israel4 ,we d nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r2 9 a future numb] we hope to consid] ! case ( an oa? betwe5 man & man1 & at pres5t our only int5tion is to %[ t ! oral law is di%on\r+ to ,god1 subv]sive ( ! comm&s giv5 by ,moses1 & injuri\s to ! be/ int]e/s ( ! ,jewi% p2 nay1 t x is actually a libel on ! *ildr5 ( ,abraham2 & t1 !re=e1 if !y h any love to ,god1 any rev]5ce = ,moses1 & any respect = !mselves & _! bre?r51 !y are b\nd publicly to r5\nce ! pr9ciples :i* x inculcates1 & by :i* !y h be5 delud$ = s _m c5turies4 ,x is possible to d "o ( two ?+s--ei!r to approve ! doctr9e ( absolution f oa?s1 or to disapprove ( x4 ,^? :o approve ( x w1 ( c\rse1 endeav\r to uphold x1 & w !reby cont9ue ! pr(anation ( ,god's "n2 &1 s f> z !y c1 /amp di%on\r ^u ! religion ( ,israel4 ,^?1 :o disapprove ! idea ( a rabbi's absolv+ f a solemn oa?1 & ?9k t oa?s are n to be tamp]$ )1 are b\nd n only to prote/ aga9/ ?is p>ticul> abuse1 b to reject ! :ole oral law4 ,! rabbies decl>e t ?is doctr9e is n an ord9ance ( ! scribes1 b an oral tradition f ,moses2 if !n x be false1 ! rabbies are aga9 convict$ ( pass+ (f an inv5tion ( _! own z an ord9ance ( ,god1 & are !re=e :olly unwor?y ( cr$it4 ,! oral law dep5ds altoge!r ^u ! validity ( ! te/imony1 & if ! witnesses c be prov$1 9 any "o in/ance1 to h spok5 falsehood1 ! cr$it ( ! :ole is de/roy$4 ,n[ ?is is em95tly ! case1 = n only h !y said :at is false1 b h endeav\r$ to e/abli% a pr9ciple subv]sive ( all rev]5ce = tru?4 ,x w\ld be difficult = any man1 :o 0 kn[n z "o 9 ! habit ( gett+ disp5sation f oa?s1 to f9d belief or cr$it 9 ! _w1 & he w\ld sc>cely be admitt$ z a valid witness 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice2 b ! man :o prop\nds disp5sation f oa?s z a religi\s doctr9e1 & tea*es x sy/ematically z agreeable to ! w ( ,god1 is a m suspici\s p]son /ill1 & su* are ! au?ors ( ! oral law4 ,! =m] might be reg>d$ z a delud$ p]son1 :o only broke 8 oa?s :5 he got disp5sation1 b ! latt] w\ld be consid]$ an artful und]m9] ( pr9ciple1 & a wilful despis] ( tru?2 8 te/imony w\ld1 !re=e1 h no weight4 ,n[1 x is ^u ! te/imony ( su* p]sons t ! au?ority ( ! oral law entirely dep5ds4 ,x is confess$1 t until ! ,mi%na & ,gem>a 7 compil$1 !re 0 no writt5 record ( its cont5ts1 b t x 0 propagat$ f m\? to m\?4 ,if1 !re=e1 x appe> t ^? :o transmitt$ x 7 m5 ^: love = tru? 0 equivocal1 we _c be sure t !y did n transmit a =g]y4 ,! doctr9e1 :i* we h j consid]$1 %[s t !y did n love tru?1 & t !y h actually libell$ ! memory ( ,moses1 ! s]vant ( ,god1 by ass]t+ t he taught !m h[ to get absolution f oa?s4 ,x is = ! ,jews to consid] :e!r !y w /ill be delud$ by su* incompet5t witnesses1 & /ill1 ev5 sil5tly1 uphold a doctr9e s di%on\r+ to _! religion4 ,no4 ,,lvii4 ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,oa?s1 ,,cont9u$4 ,e "o naturally ?9ks t 8 own religion is ! true "o4 ,! ,mussulman ?9ks ?us ( ,mahometanism1 ! ,*ri/ian ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! ,jew ( ,judaism1 & yet x is pla9 t !y _c all be "r--two out ( ! ?ree mu/ necess>ily be 9 error4 ,:at !n is to be done8 ,are !y all to g on 9 li/less & lazy indiff]5ce1 & leave x to ano!r _w to f9d out :e!r or n !y h be5 9 ! "r1 or are we to lay x d[n z a maxim t e "o is to cont9ue 9 t religion 9 :i* he 0 born1 :e!r "r or wrong1 & t !re=e ! ,turk is to rema9 a ,mahometan1 & ! ,h9doo an idolat]1 to 8 life's end8 ,!re are v _m 9 ! _w :o seem to ?9k s1 & :o adh]e to a religion simply because x 0 ! religion ( _! =efa!rs4 ,n[ we grant t no man %\ld c>elessly or lightly ab&on ! religion ( 8 *ildhood1 & h no scruple 9 say+ t he :o *anges 8 religion z he w\ld 8 clo!s mu/ be a fool1 or some?+ worse4 ,b we mu/ say1 at ! same "t1 t he :o reta9s 8 religion1 m]ely z a matt] ( prejudice or int]e/1 is n a great deal bett]1 & c h>dly be consid]$ z a rational be+4 ,e be+1 :om ! ,creator has end[$ ) reason1 ought to h a religion & to "k :y he pref]s x to all o!rs4 ,b p]haps "s read] w say1 ,i h a religion--,i am a ,jew1 & ,i pref] ?is religion to all o!rs1 because ,god himself gave x to ,moses on ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,to ?is we reply1 ,b h[ d y "k t y h got ! religion ( ,moses8 ,if y really _h ,moses' religion y c\ld n be wrong1 b h[ c y prove t ! religion :i* y n[ pr(ess is really t true religion8 ,y\r fa!rs 9 ! times ( old (t5 =sook ,moses & ! ,prophets1 & taught _! *ildr5 a false religion1 h[1 !n1 c y be sure t ?is is n ! case ) :at y h got at pres5t8 ,c]ta9ty c be _h only by exam9ation & comp>ison4 ,! ,judaism ( ! pres5t day mu/ be comp>$ ) ! ,law & ! ,prophets4 ,if x agrees ) !m1 !n ! ,jews h reason to believe t !y are 9 ! "r2 b if n1 !n !y mu/ be 9 ! wrong4 ,our own firm conviction is1 t mod]n ,judaism is altoge!r spuri\s1 & pla9ly oppos$ to t religion :i* ,god gave to y\r fa!rs4 ,! doctr9e ( disp5sation f oa?s is suffici5t to prove ?is1 z 0 %[n 9 ! la/ numb]4 ,b we h m objections /ill to make aga9/ t doctr9e1 & all confirmatory ( ! conclusion to :i* we h come4 ,we saw 9 our la/1 t if a man swe> an oa? to himself only1 :]e o!rs are n conc]n$1 he c h absolution1 b we n[ come to consid] ! case ( an oa?1 made to ano!r p]son1 respect+ :i* ! oral law tea*es u z foll[s3-- 1 8,if ,reub5 %\ld adjure ,simeon1 & he answ] ,am51 or accept ! oa?2 & aft]w>ds ,simeon %\ld rep5t ( 8 oa?1 & ask conc]n+ x1 he is n to be absolv$ except 9 ! pres5ce ( ,reub5 :o adjur$ him4 ,9 l mann]1 if ,reub5 %\ld swe> an oa? n to receive any pr(it f ,simeon1 or t ,simeon %\ld receive no pr(it f him1 & aft]w>ds %\ld rep5t & ask a wise man1 he is n to be absolv$ except 9 ! pres5ce ( ,simeon1 conc]n+ ^: pr(it he _h v[$3 yea1 ev5 ?\gh ,simeon 7 an infant or a ,g5tile1 he is n to be absolv$ except 9 8 pres5ce1 9 ord] t he1 ) respect to :om ! v[ 0 made1 may "k t ! o!r has got absolution f 8 oa? or v[1 & t !re=e he may receive f or conf] pr(it ^u him40 7,hil*o? ,%'vuo?1 c4 vi4 #g47 ,n[ 9 consid]+ ?is doctr9e1 we mu/ n )hold t measure ( approbation :i* is due to ! rabbies4 ,!re is "h a c]ta9 degree ( hone/y & pla9 deal+4 ,! rabbies h det]m9$ t :]e "o man swe>s to ano!r1 he is n to be absolv$1 except 9 ! pres5ce ( t o!r1 & are 9 s f> va/ly sup]ior 9 morality to ^? :o hold & tea*1 n only t all oa?s may be absolv$1 b t !y may be absolv$ secretly1 s t he :o is mo/ affect$ by ! disp5sation1 kn[s no?+ ab\t x4 ,bad z ! oral law is1 x does n desc5d to su* a dep? ( hypocrisy & pr(an5ess4 ,ano!r trait :i* des]ves notice is1 t x does n tea* t no fai? is to be kept t[>ds ^? :o h got ano!r religion1 b expressly det]m9es1 t if a ,jew swe> to a ,g5tile1 he is n to be absolv$ )\t t ,g5tile's k4 ,we readily admit t ?is is greatly sup]ior to a doctr9e ( disp5sation1 taught & practis$ by "s :o call !mselves ,*ri/ians2 b1 hav+ made ?is admission1 & giv5 ! rabbies _! due1 ,we mu/ also say1 t ! doctr9e ( absolution "h taught is pla9ly contr>y to reason & ,scripture1 & if ext5sively practis$1 w\ld de/roy all confid5tial int]c\rse or deal+s betwe5 man & man4 ,j suppose t ! law ( ?is c\ntry 01 t any "o :o _h ent]$ into a solemn engagem5t ) ano!r1 c\ld be enabl$ to break x1 simply1 by call+ up ! p]son to :om he _h mode ! promise be=e a magi/rate1 & by decl>+1 9 8 pres5ce1 t he rep5t$ ( :at he _h done1 :o w\ld ev] tru/ ano!r1 or value ev5 an oa?8 ,n only w\ld ! comm]cial transactions ( ! c\ntry be at an end1 b ! v bonds ( society w\ld be r5t asund]4 ,! exi/5ce ( human society dep5ds ^u t measure ( confid5ce :i* a man c place 9 8 bro!r1 b if ! rabb9ical doctr9e prevail$ & 7 act$ ^u1 !re c\ld be no confid5ce m4 ,a man's oa? w\ld be good = no?+1 & if s1 ! value ( 8 ^w /ill less4 ,b1 besides ?is1 ! doctr9e t a rabbi may absolve ,simeon f 8 sworn obligation to ,reub51 is absurd4 ,if ,simeon swe> to ,reub5 a lawful oa?1 no "o on e>? b ,reub5 c release him2 b "h we are told t a rabbi1 :o has no?+ at all to d ) ! matt]1 may remit ! obligation4 ,he might1 ) z mu* reason & ) less pr(anity1 und]take to absolve ,simeon f 8 pecuni>y debts4 ,t ! disp5sation mu/ take place 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p>ty to :om ,simeon swore1 is b poor satisfaction1 & w\ld n remove ! inconv5i5ce1 nor dim9i% ! guilt4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 t ,simeon %\ld promise ,reub5 ) an oa?1 t )9 a giv5 "t he w\ld complete c]ta9 bus9ess1 or l5d him a c]ta9 sum ( money1 or any?+ else ( ! k9d1 & t ,reub5 %\ld arrange 8 affairs 9 dep5d5ce ^u ?is oa?1 :at satisfaction w\ld x be to ,reub5 to be pres5t at ! absolution6 ,x w\ld n remove ! inconv5i5ce nor indemnify him = ! loss to :i* ! non-fulfilm5t ( ! oa? expos$ him1 nor abate ! vexation & sorr[ :i* he mu/ feel to see a tea*] ( religion trampl+ ^u ! mo/ solemn sanction ) :i* religion gu>ds ! int]c\rse betwe5 man & man4 ,=1 aft] all1 ! ma9 objection to ! doctr9e is1 t x all[s :at ,god =bids1 z we %[$ 9 ! la/ numb]1 & "u ! pret5ce ( religion1 makes p]jury sy/ematic4 ,b to e/imate ?is doctr9e fully1 & also ! "* ( ! m5 ) :om x orig9at$1 we mu/ look at ! orig9al passage 9 ! ,talmud1 on :i* ! above-cit$ decision is f\nd$3-- 8,he t has a v[ ^u him1 ) respect to pr(it f 8 neighb\r1 is n to be absolv$1 except 9 t neighb\r's pres5ce4 ,h[ is ?is prov$8 ,rav ,na*man says1 x is prov$ by ! words1 #8,& ! ,"l said unto ,moses1 9 ,midian1 ,g return into ,egypt2 = all ! m5 are dead :i* s\ght ?y life2' he said to him1 ,9 ,midian ?\ ha/ v[$1 g & get absolution f ?y v[ 9 ,midian1 = x is writt51 1 #8,& ,moses 0 cont5t4' 7,exodus ii4 #ba47 ,n[ ?is ^w means no?+ else b swe>+1 z x is writt51 #8,& he took an oa? ( him4' 7,ezek4 xvii4 #ac47 ,x is f>!r prov$ by ! words1 #8,& he also rebell$ aga9/ ,k+ ,nebu*adnezz>1 :o _h made him swe> by ,god4' 7#b ,*ron4 xxxvi4 #ac47 ,:at 0 ! nature ( 8 rebellion8 ,z$ekiah f\nd ,nebu*adnezz> eat+ a live h>e1 :]eupon ,nebu*adnezz> said to him1 swe> to me n to reveal ?is1 nor to report ! matt]4 ,z$ekiah swore1 b aft]w>ds he 0 griev$1 & w5t & got 8 oa? absolv$ & told4 ,nebu*adnezz> he>d t !y despis$ him1 & s5t & fet*$ ! ,sanh$r9 & ,z$ekiah1 & said to !m1 ,ye see :at ,z$ekiah has done1 al?\gh he swore by ! "n ( ,god n to reveal ! matt]4 ,!y said to him1 ,he got a disp5sation f 8 oa?4 ,he said1 ,is x lawful1 !n1 to get disp5sation f an oa?8 ,!y said1 ,yes4 ,he said aga91 ,is ?is to be done 9 ! o!r's pres5ce or abs5ce8 ,!y say1 ,9 8 pres5ce10 c4 7,n$>im1 fol4 lxv4 #a47 ,n[ ?is passage n only illu/rates ! doctr9e ( disp5sation1 b ?r[s mu* light ^u ! "* & k ( ! m5 f :om ! tradition is d]iv$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x %[s a /range confusion ( m9d to d]ive 1 8he 0 will+10 f 1 8he sw>e20 b x is /rang] /ill out ( ?is mi/ranslation1 to inv5t a /ory ( ,moses hav+ sworn & got absolution2 b ! mo/ /range ( all is1 t any "o %\ld be f\nd :o c believe ?is a suffici5t w>rant = ! doctr9e ( disp5sation f an oa? made to a fell[-creature4 ,if ev5 x 7 true1 z ! rabbies say1 t ,moses _h sworn to ,je?ro n to return into ,egypt1 /ill ?is is n a case 9 po9t2 = ,moses did n get absolution f any ?ird p]son1 b receiv$ express p]mission f ,je?ro himself to return1 z we f9d 9 ! *apt] ref]r$ to1 :]e x is said1 8,& ,moses w5t & return$ to ,je?ro1 8 fa!r-9-law1 & said unto him1 ,let me g1 ,i pray !e1 & return unto my bre?r5 :i* are 9 ,egypt1 & see :e!r !y be yet alive4 ,& ,je?ro said to ,moses1 ,g 9 peace40 7,exod4 iv4 #ah47 ,if !re 0 any oa?1 we see t x 0 disp5s$ )1 n by a wise man1 nor by any ?ird p]son or p]sons1 b by him to :om ! oa? 0 made4 ,?is passage is1 !re=e1 decid$ly aga9/ ! rabb9ic doctr9e1 & !re=e ! rabb9ic doctr9e _c be true4 ,! second case cit$ by ! ,talmud is /ill /rong]1 z a te/imony1 bo? aga9/ ! sy/em & ! m54 ,x tells u t ,z$ekiah swore to ,nebu*adnezz> n to betray him 9 a c]ta9 matt]1 :i* no law1 ei!r ( ,god or man1 compell$ him to divulge--t he swore by ! "n ( ! ,god ( ,israel1 & yet t1 aft] ?is mo/ solemn transaction1 he did :at he _h sworn n to d4 ,he betray$ a man f :om he _h receiv$ k9dness1 & equally disreg>d$ ! obligations ( gratitude & ! sacr$ ties ( an oa?--9 %ort1 t he committ$ p]jury4 ,?is is 9 itself bad en\gh2 b ! ,talmud proce$s fur!r to tell u1 t ?is 0 n 8 own individual act1 b ! solemn decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\ncil ( ! ,sanh$r94 ,z$ekiah did n p]jure himself )\t hav+ advice4 ,he w5t to ! ,sanh$r91 & !y absolv$ him f ! obligation ( ! oa?1 & t contr>y to _! own maxim1 t an oa? sworn to a neighb\r _c be absorb$1 except 9 8 pres5ce4 ,"h1 !n1 ! ,talmud pla9ly confesses t ! ,sanh$r9 did wrong1 9 fact1 t !y 7 aid]s & abettors 9 ,z$ekiah's p]jury2 t1 !re=e1 !y 7 m5 :o _h no reg>d to tru?1 & no fe> ( ,god2 &1 consequ5tly1 t no man ( any common s5se w\ld believe a s+le ^w t came out ( _! m\?s4 ,:at1 !n1 becomes ( ! :ole fabric ( ,jewi% tradition8 ,x dep5ds altoge!r ^u ! unimpea*able "* ( ! v>i\s ,sanh$r9s ?r\gh ^: h&s x pass$4 ,if1 !re=e1 we %\ld1 f9d t any "o ,sanh$r9 consi/$ ( notori\s li>s1 ! g5u95ess ( ! oral law is at an end4 ,b "h ! ,talmud itself tells u t ev5 be=e ! deportation ( ,z$ekiah1 ! ,sanh$r9 consi/$1 n ( common li>s1 b ( false swe>]s1 ( m5 :o _h s little reg>d = ! "n ( ! ,"l1 z to absolve a solemn oa? ( :i* t "n 0 ! safegu>d4 ,if !y _h done ?is 9 accordance ) _! traditions1 !re w\ld be "s appe>ance ( consi/5cy1 b !y did x 9 ! face ( ! tradition1 :i* says1 t :5 an oa? is sworn to ano!r p]son absolution _c be giv5 except 9 8 pres5ce4 ,:5 ,z$ekiah dem&$ absolution1 !y %\ld h refus$1 & told him t x 0 contr>y to ! oral law2 b1 :e!r f fe> or f self-int]e/1 !y acc$$ to ! k+'s wi%1 & help$ h9t to commit p]jury3 & ^! are ! m5 :o h h&$ d[n ! oral law2 :at tru/1 !n1 c be plac$ 9 _! ^w1 :5 !y disreg>d an oa?8 ,! /ory is ei!r true or false4 ,if true1 !n all ! memb]s ( ! ,sanh$r9 7 guilty ( p]jury1--if false1 !n ! ,talmud has h&$ d[n a falsehood z tru?1 & 9 nei!r case is x wor?y ( cr$it4 ,surely x is "t = ! *os5 p ( ,god to use ! reason :i* ,god has giv51 & to exam9e ! gr\nds ^u :i* !y pr(ess ,judaism4 ,! ignorant & ! ?\ghtless may reta9 _! pr(ession z a m]e matt] ( prejudice1 b x w\ld be v /range if any1 :o ?9k religion wor? a ?\ght1 %\ld /ill adh]e to a sy/em = :i* !re is n only no evid5ce1 b aga9/ :i* !re is evid5ce s satisfactory4 ,accord+ to ! ,talmud itself1 & on its own %[+1 ! p]sons ^: (fice x 0 to gu>d ! traditions 9 ! days ( ,z$ekiah 7 m5 :o transgress$ ^? traditions1 & made !mselves guilty ( p]jury2 :at w>rant1 !n1 h ! ,jews = believ+ t ^? m5 did n *ange ! traditions1 & h& d[n m]e inv5tions ( _! own8 ,:at 0 !re to re/ra9 !m f su* conduct1 if !y c\ld free !mselves f ! obligation ( an oa? by ! "n ( ! ,god ( ,israel8 ,b z ! m5 :o h&$ d[n ! traditions are describ$ by _! own successors z wick$ & ungodly p]sons1 s ! traditions :i* !y h h&$ d[n are ( ! same "*1 &1 z we h said1 if g5]ally act$ ^u1 w\ld r5d asund] all ! ties ( human society1 & beget univ]sal di/ru/ & suspicion4 ,! oral law pla9ly & unequivocally all[s a man to swe> to 8 neighb\r t he w d or leave undone some?+ t 8 neighb\r requires1 & !n to get absolution f t oa? & d ! contr>y4 ,x is true t x requires ?is to be done 9 ! pres5ce ( ! o!r p]son1 b t does n mu* alt] ! matt]4 ,:e!r ,z$ekiah divulg$ :at he _h sworn to ,nebu*adnezz> to keep secret1 9 8 pres5ce or beh9d 8 back1 is a ?+ ( v little consequ5ce2 ! oa? is j z mu* & z really brok51 & ! results might be j z p]nici\s & injuri\s4 ,take1 = example1 ! case ( a manufactur] :o communicates to 8 s]vant "s important secret 9 8 trade1 & = 8 own security b9ds him by an oa? n to divulge x4 ,9 a little "t1 ! s]vant1 = "s reason or o!r1 f9ds x conv5i5t or pr(itable to make ?is secret kn[n1 & goes to a wise man1 summons ! manufactur] to be pres5t1 gets absolution1 & !n divulges :at he _h sworn to keep secret1--:]e is ! diff]5ce z to all practical purposes1 or z to ! actual guilt ( p]jury8 ,b aga91 suppose t ! wise man 0 to act z ! ,sanh$r9 did1 & absolve ! man )\t summon+ ! p]son to :om he swore1 x is a "q :e!r ! s]vant w\ld !n he b\nd4 ,z$ekiah evid5tly ?\ght n4 ,all he 0 conc]n$ ab\t 0 to h absolution1 & if !re 0 any s9 9 giv+ x1 he evid5tly ?\ght t ! onus re/$ ^u ^? :o gave1 & n ^u him :o receiv$ x4 ,accord+ to ! oral law1 ! ,sanh$r9 0 wrong 9 giv+ absolution "u ! circum/ances3 b1 accord+ to ! same oral law1 ,z$ekiah 0 "r 9 obey+ _! decision4 ,implicit & univ]sal ob$i5ce to ! words ( ! ,sanh$r9 & wise m5 is requir$ by ! ,talmud2 &1 !re=e1 if a wise man give absolution1 ev5 ?\gh he give x unlawfully1 x is /ill ! duty ( him :o is absolv$ to obey 8 decision1 & act ^u x4 ,a ,rabb9i/ is n all[$ to reason2 b z we h se5 on a =m] occasion1 to believe t 8 "r h& is 8 left1 & vice v]sa1 if ! rabbies say s--&1 consequ5tly1 if a wise man absolve him1 he is n to tr\ble ei!r 8 consci5ce or 8 reason z to ! "r or ! wrong2 8 duty is n to dispute1 b to receive ! det]m9ation z ! words ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,! provision1 !re=e1 t if ,simeon swe> to ,reub5 he is n to be absolv$1 except 9 ,reub5's pres5ce1 af=ds b little protection4 ,if x 0 possible = ! ,sanh$r91 a body consi/+ ( sev5ty-"o p]sons1 to disreg>d x1 x is surely possible t any o!r wise man might disreg>d x also1 & absolve ,simeon1 ev5 9 ,reub5's abs5ce4 ,n[ ! b>e possibility ( su* occurr5ces w\ld make all promises1 :e!r sanction$ by oa?s or n1 ( no value1 & h ! mo/ p]nici\s effect z to ! practice ( speak+ tru?4 ,m5 might reason f ! great] to ! less1 & say1 ,if x be lawful1 by means ( absolution1 to break an oa?1 1 =tiori1 x is lawful to break "o's ^w )\t absolution2 &1 at all ev5ts1 ^? to :om ! promise 0 giv5 w\ld be likely to reason ?us1 & say1 ,if we _c dep5d ^u ?is man's oa?1 mu* less c we place confid5ce 9 8 ^w4 ,b :at is worse /ill1 su* a doctr9e is calculat$ to make m5 despise all religion1 & to r5d] !m a prey to infidelity4 ,! ?\ghtless & ! ra% are v likely to say1 ,if ?is be religion1 bett] f> to be )\t x2 or1 to conclude t z su* doctr9e _c possibly be ! (fspr+ ( ! ,div9e m9d1 all reveal$ religion is a m]e impo/ure4 ,9 e case x is a reproa* to ! good s5se & piety ( ,israel to pr(ess su* a doctr9e2 or1 if !y d n believe x1 to rema9 sil5t1 & suff] mank9d to suppose t ?is is ! religion ( ! *ildr5 ( ,abraham4 ,s long z !y pr(ess t ! oral law is ! s\rce ( _! religion1 s long are !y responsible = ! doctr9es :i* x tea*es2 & s long z !y ab/a9 f a public r5unciation ( ! oral law1 !y mu/ be consid]$ z believ]s 9 its au?ority4 ,x w n d to r5\nce "o p>ticul> doctr9e1 :il/ !y pr(ess fai? 9 ! g5]al sy/em4 ,! body ( traditions is a :ole :i* _c be p>t$4 ,!y h all come d[n1 re/+ on ! same evid5ce2 if1 !re=e1 ! evid5ce be invalid 9 any "o case1 x is invalid 9 all2 & if any "o admits its validity 9 "s cases1 he _c1 if a reasonable man1 d5y x 9 o!rs4 ,he may dispute ab\t ! conflict+ op9ions ( ! rabbies1 b if he admit any "o ( ^? doctr9es :i* are call$ traditions f ,s9ai1 he mu/ admit !m all1 &1 consequ5tly1 ?is :i* pr(esses to be "o ( !m4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 = ! ,israelites ( ! pres5t day to *oose1 :e!r !y w /ill reta9 ! sy/em ( ! oral law1 & !reby sanction ! disp5sation f oa?s1 or :e!r !y w repudiate ?is doctr9e1 & !reby r5\nce ! :ole oral law4 ,no4 ,,lviii4 ,,m]itori\sness ,,( ,,circumcision4 ,:]ev] !re is an int]nal pr9ciple ( religion1 x w1 l all o!r pr9ciples1 manife/ itself 9 ext]nal acts1 & 9 an ext]nal =m ( rites & c]emonies4 ,x is j z impossible = a liv+ man to cont9ue )\t giv+ any signs ( life1 z = ! religi\s pr9ciple to exi/ )\t an outw>d expression4 ,x is ! univ]sal law ( creation t e vital pr9ciple %\ld manife/ itself & !re=e1 :5 ! ,creator himself 0 pleas$ to give a religion1 he orda9$ c]ta9 rites & c]emonies to give notice ( its exi/5ce1 & to s]ve z ! body 9 :i* ! s\l %\ld reside4 ,rites & c]emonies1 !re=e1 are n to be despis$1 ev5 :5 devis$ by man1 = !y are demon/rations ( an int]nal life f :i* !y proce$2 b :5 in/itut$ by ,god1 !y are d\bly important1 because besides be+ a sign1 !y h all ! au?ority ( a ,div9e comm&4 ,false religion1 h[ev]1 is n satisfi$ ) ?is ackn[l$gm5t1 nor ?is measure ( rev]5ce4 ,x goes /ill fur!r1 & elevates ! ext]nal sign above ! ?+ signifi$1 by mak+ ! ext]nal rites ! great ess5tials ( religion4 ,?us1 9 ! "t ( ! ,prophet ,isaiah1 ! ,israelites ?\ght t ! act ( sacrifice1 & ! ext]nal obs]vation ( ! ,sabba? & holidays1 =m$ ! sub/ance ( religion1 & !re=e ,god told !m1 t ev5 ^! ?+s1 ?\gh orda9$ by himself1 7 n pleas+ 9 8 sight1 unless !y proce$$ f ! liv+ pr9ciple )94 8,br+ no m va9 oblations3 inc5se is an abom9ation unto me2 ! new moons & ,sabba?s1 ! call+ ( assemblies1 ,i _c away )2 x is iniquity1 ev5 ! solemn meet+40 7,isaiah i4 #ac47 ,& aga9 9 a subsequ5t *apt] he says1 8,!y seek me daily1 & delight to "k my ways1 z a nation t did righte\sness & =sook n ! ord9ances ( _! ,god3 !y ask ( me ! ord9ances ( ju/ice2 !y take delight 9 approa*+ to ,god40 7lviii4 #b47 ,& yet at ! same "t he %[s t ?is 0 all m]e outside "w1 & displeas+ 9 8 sight4 ,:]ev]1 !re=e1 we f9d a religion1 :i* places ext]nal obs]vances above ! moral duties1 we may be sure x is n ( ,god2 & = ?is reason1 among/ o!rs1 we believe t ! oral law is ! inv5tion ( m54 ,we _h an in/ance 9 ! subject la/ consid]$1 ! disp5sation f oa?s4 ,! rabbies disreg>d ! moral obligation1 b make ! m]e =m ( go+ to a rabbi to get absolution an ess5tial requisite4 ,ano!r pro( is furni%$ by _! doctr9e conc]n+ ,! m]itori\sness ( ,circumcision1 :i* is set =? z foll[s3-- 1 1 1 1 8,x is an affirmative precept1 b9d+ on e man ( ,israel1 to circumcise 8 son2 & ?is is great] ?an any ( ! o!r affirmative precepts1 = !re is a ?reat ( excision atta*$ to x2 & fur!r1 on acc\nt ( x1 ?irte5 cov5ants 7 made1 z is record$ 9 ! *apt] ( circumcision4 ,abraham 0 n call$ p]fect until he 0 circumcis$1 & by ! m]it ( circumcision1 a cov5ant 0 made ) him respect+ ! giv+ ( ! l&4 ,x also deliv]s f ! judgm5t ( hell1 = ! wise m5 h said1 t ,abraham our fa!r sits at ! door ( hell1 & does n suff] any "o t is circumcis$ to be ca/ into x4 ,uncircumcision is despis$1 = ! ,g5tiles are reproa*$ ) x1 z x is said1 #8,all ! nations are uncircumcis$' 7,j]4 ix4 #be72 & e "o :o breaks ! cov5ant ( ,abraham our fa!r1 ei!r by n be+ circumcis$ or by becom+ uncircumcis$1 has no "p 9 ! _w to come1 ev5 ?\gh he possess a k ( ! law & good works40 7,joreh ,deah41 #bfj47 ,"h we h ! v same misconception1 :i* ,god reprov$ by ! m\? ( ,isaiah2 an ext]nal act is pref]r$ to hol9ess ( life1 & a m]e prep>ation ( ! body to purity ( he>t4 ,x is gravely & solemnly ass]t$ t ! precept conc]n+ circumcision is great] ?an all ! o!r affirmative precepts1 t is1 x is exalt$ above our duty to ,god & our duty to our neighb\r4 ,! comm& 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself10 is an affirmative precept1 & is !re=e "o ( ^? to :i* circumcision is pref]r$4 ,! comm& 8,hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m10 is an affirmative precept1 & has a promise ( long life 9 ! l& atta*$ to x4 ,x conc]ns our duty to ^?1 to :om1 "u ,god1 we owe our exi/5ce1 & yet ! oral law tea*es t ob$i5ce to x is n s important z to ! precept conc]n+ circumcision4 ,we d n mean to d5y ! scriptural importance ( circumcision1 nor ( any o!r ( ! ,div9e in/itutions1 b we d mean to appeal to e ,israelite ( und]/&+ to judge1 :i* ( ^! comm&m5ts is ( mo/ importance4 ,c an ,israelite1 m]ely because he is circumcis$1 ?\gh he has no love to 8 fell[-m51 & no rev]5ce = 8 p>5ts1 be acceptable 9 ! sight ( ,god1 or c he be m acceptable ?an a ,g5tile :o obeys ^! comm&s8 ,b ! sweep+ decl>ation ( ! oral law1 n only tea*es m5 t circumcision is m valuable ?an love to man1 b exalts x ev5 above love to ,god4 ,! comm&m5t1 8,?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god1 ) all ?y he>t10 c41 is an affirmative precept1 & is consequ5tly includ$ among/ ^? :i* are /at$ to be inf]ior to circumcision4 ,?is conclusion seems s mon/r\s1 t "o is almo/ afraid ( hav+ misund]/ood ! s5se2 b ,ra%i1 :o mu/ be ackn[l$g$ z an au?ority1 goes /ill f>!r1 & endeav\rs to prove t circumcision is equal 9 importance to all ! o!r comm&m5ts put toge!r4 8,x is equival5t to all ! comm&m5ts :i* are 9 ! law40 7,n$>im1 fol4 #ca1 col4 ii47 ,s t !re c be no d\bt t ?is is ! doctr9e ( ! oral law4 ,n[ j let ! read] consid] ! nature ( circumcision4 ,x is1 9 ! fir/ place1 an ext]nal act1--x is1 9 ! second place1 an act p]=m$ )\t ! w ( ! infant1 & at a "t :5 he c ex]cise no act ( moral responsibility1 & yet ! m]e act is plac$ above ! highe/ p]fection ( a creat$ be+1 love to ,god & 8 fell[-creatures4 ,b ! oral law does n m]ely ass]t ?is doctr9e1 b gives its pro(s1 & ! fir/ is1 t to ! precept ( circumcision ! ?reat ( excision is annex$4 ,( c\rse1 we admit ! fact1 = x is pla9ly said1 8,! uncircumcis$ man-*ild1 ^: fle% ( 8 =esk9 is n circumcis$1 t s\l %all be cut (f f 8 p2 he ha? brok5 my cov5ant0 7,g54 xvii4 #ad472 b we d5y ! consequ5ce4 ,!re is no?+ peculi> to circumcision 9 ! annex$ ?reat ( excision4 ,god has pron\nc$ ! same ?reat aga9/ e presumptu\s s91 z x is writt51 8,b ! s\l t doe? ought presumptu\sly1 :e!r he be born 9 ! l& or a /rang]1 ! same reproa*e? ! ,"l2 & t s\l %all be cut (f f among 8 p4 ,because he ha? despis$ ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 & ha? brok5 8 comm&m5t1 t s\l %all be utt]ly cut (f2 8 iniquity %all be ^u him40 7,numb4 xv4 #cj1 #ca47 ,"h we see t presumptu\s transgression ( any "o ( ,god's comm&m5ts w be visit$ ) ! same puni%m5t d5\nc$ aga9/ ! omission ( circumcision1 s t ! annex$ ?reat is f> f prov+ t ?is precept is sup]ior to all ! o!r affirmative comm&m5ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 x %[s t ,god does n judge by ! ext]nal act1 b by ! /ate ( ! he>t1 & t presumptu\s disob$i5ce ( any comm&m5t1 z demon/rat+ an utt] want ( love to him1 w be visit$ ) ! sev]ity ( 8 wra?4 ,x is fur!r alleg$1 8,t ,abraham 0 n call$ p]fect until he 0 circumcis$10--& ?is is prov$ 9 ! ,talmud1 by ! words1 8,walk be=e me1 & be ?\ p]fect40 ,b ^! words d n prove t1 ev5 aft] 8 circumcision1 ,abraham 0 call$ p]fect2 !y are a comm& to be p]fect1 b n a decl>ation t he 0 s2 & x _c be urg$ t by be+ circumcis$ he obey$ ?is comm&1 & ?us became p]fect1 = ?is w\ld op5 an easy way ( atta9+ p]fection to ! mo/ ab&on$ ( mank9d4 ,besides1 x is easy to prove t ?is ^w 8p]fect0 is also giv5 to ! uncircumcision4 ,long be=e circumcision 0 giv51 x 0 appli$ to ,noah4 8,noah 0 a j man1 & p]fect 9 8 g5]ations1 & ,noah walk$ ) ,god0 7,g54 vi4 #i71 :]e t :i* is only comm&$ to ,abraham1 is ass]t$ to h be5 f\nd 9 ,noah4 ,god comm&$ to ,abraham to walk ) him1 & to be p]fect2 b he decl>es ( ! uncircumcis$ ,noah1 t he 0 p]fect1 & did walk ) him4 ,9 ?is respect1 !re=e1 ev5 if ! rabb9ic int]pretation ( ! words 7 correct1 circumcision has no sup]iority ov] uncircumcision4 ,! next pro(1 namely1 8,t by ! m]it ( circumcision a cov5ant 0 made ) ,abraham1 respect+ ! giv+ ( ! l&10 is equally inconclusive4 ,long be=e ! cov5ant ( circumcision ,god _h promis$ ! l& to ,abraham1 & t repeat$ly2 & n only _h promis$ x1 b _h actually made a cov5ant ) him respect+ ! gift1 z we read1 8,9 ! same day1 ! ,"l made a cov5ant ) ,abram1 say+1 ,unto ?y se$ h ,i giv5 ?is l&1 f ! riv] ( ,egypt unto ! great riv]1 ! riv] ,euphrates40 7,g54 xvi4 #ah47 ,?is cov5ant 0 made be=e ! bir? ( ,i%mael2 & :5 ,i%mael 0 born1 ,abraham 0 eighty-six ye>s ( age2 consequ5tly1 x 0 at lea/ f\rte5 ye>s be=e circumcision1 s t ! ass]tion t ! cov5ant respect+ ! l& 0 made on acc\nt ( ! m]it ( circumcision is altoge!r false4 ,god made ! cov5ant1 n because ,abraham des]v$ x1 b accord+ to 8 own grace & m]cy1 :5 ,abraham _h no bodily m>k to di/+ui% him f ! surr\nd+ nations4 ,"h aga91 !n1 ! oral law ass]ts :at is false4 ,b ! rabbies 7 n cont5t$ ) ,scripture pro(2 !y felt t ! lett] ( ,scripture 0 aga9/ !m1 & !re=e _h rec\rse to _! own inv5tion1 & h devis$ ! fable t 8,circumcision deliv]s f ! judgm5t ( hell1 = t ,abraham sits at ! door ( hell1 & does n suff] any "o t is circumcis$ to be ca/ into x40 ,t ?is is a regul> & wilful falsehood1 no "o t has reason1 & takes ! ,scripture to guide x1 c possibly d\bt4 ,x implies t _m :o are circumcis$ des]ve ! puni%m5t ( hell1 & are l$ to ! v door1 b t ,abraham int]f]es1 & deliv]s !m f _! j puni%m5t4 ,if !y did n des]ve x1 & 7 n liable to x1 !re c\ld be no necessity = ,abraham's sitt+ 9 s unpleasant a situation4 ,! guilt ( ^! p]sons is1 !re=e1 fully admitt$1 & yet ! wise m5 say1 t out ( reg>d to ! m]e ext]nal tok5 ( ! cov5ant1 ,god gives up 8 attribute ( ju/ice1 & acquits ^? :o des]ve puni%m5t4 ,b x implies fur!r1 t ,god does n deal ?us to ! ,g5tiles--t to !m he ex]cises all ju/ice1 & %[s no m]cy4 ,abraham looks on ) unconc]n :5 a ,g5tile is br\ght to ! place ( ! damn$1 feels no compassion & ex]cises none1 & ! ,div9e ,be+ himself is made a p>ty 9 ?is inju/ice1 & want ( compassion4 ,religion is misrepres5t$ z a m]e sy/em ( fav\ritism1 & ! ,judge ( all ! e>? z a do] ( wrong4 ,t ?is is ! pla9 drift ( ! /ory is pla9 f :at foll[s3 8,circumcision is despis$1 = ! ,g5tiles are reproa*$ ) x1 z x is said1 #8,all ! nations are uncircumcis$4'0 ,"h ! rabbies pla9ly tell u1 t ,god despises ! works ( 8 own h&s1 t he disda9s ! ov]:elm+ majority ( 8 rational creatures1 & t n because ( _! wick$ness1 or _! cruelty1 or _! idolatry1 or _! pr(anity1 b because !y h n got a comm&m5t :i* ,he nev] gave !m4 ,! rabbies !mselves w admit t ,god nev] gave ! ,g5tiles ! comm&m5t ( circumcision1 h[ !n is x possible t he %\ld blame !m1 or despise !m1 or treat !m ) unmitigat$ sev]ity1 because !y h n got :at ,he nev] gave !m8 ,if x _h be5 (f]$ to !m1 & !y _h refus$1 !re w\ld h be5 "s gr\nd = su* a repres5tation1 b at pres5t !re is none4 ,x is n true t ,god reproa*es ! ,g5tiles 9 ! words1 8,all ! nations are uncircumcis$20 on ! contr>y1 ,he is reproa*+ ,israel4 ,! context is1 8,behold ! days come1 sai? ! ,"l1 t ,i w puni% all !m :i* are circumcis$ ) ! uncircumcis$2 ,egypt1 & ,judah1 & ,edom1 & ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon & ,moab1 & all t are 9 ! utmo/ corn]s1 t dwell 9 ! wild]ness2 = all ! nations are uncircumcis$1 & all ! h\se ( ,israel are uncircumcis$ 9 ! he>t40 7,j]4 ix4 #be1 #bf47 ,?is is v diff]5t doctr9e f t ( ! rabbies4 ,god decl>es t ! m]e outw>d sign ( circumcision %all n save f puni%m5t2 t he makes no diff]5ce :atev] betwe5 ! uncircumcis$ & ! circumcis$1 b t he looks ^u ! he>t1 & deals out to all ev5h&$ ju/ice4 ,he says1 t he w puni% ! idolatr\s nations1 :om he has enum]at$1 b decl>es t he w puni% ! s9n]s ( ,israel along ) !m1 & !n to obviate ! v objection :i* ! oral law urges1 & to take away all false confid5ce 9 circumcision1 he adds1 8,! nations are uncircumcis$1 & all ! h\se ( ,israel are uncircumcis$ 9 he>t20 z if he w\ld h said1 ,d n deceive y\rselves1 ?9k+ t y\r circumcision w save y3 !re is a worse uncircumcision ?an t ( ! fle%1 ! uncircumcision ( ! he>t4 ,?is is doctr9e wor?y ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 consi/5t ) 8 attributes ( ju/ice & hol9ess1 & consolatory & enc\rag+ to all 8 rational creatures2 :]eas ! rabb9ic doctr9e is di%on\r+ to ,god1 & contemptu\s to all ! ,g5tile nations4 ,if x 7 believ$1 no ,g5tile w\ld h any motive to s]ve or hon\r ! true ,god1 f :om he c\ld expect nei!r ju/ice nor m]cy4 ,x is equally p]nici\s & de/ructive to ! moral & spiritual welf>e ( ! ,israelites !mselves4 ,any man :o believes t 8 circumcision w save him f hell1 w feel himself at lib]ty to violate o!r comm&s )\t fe>4 ,:y %\ld he be holy1 or *a/e1 or hone/1 or true8 ,8 fa!r ,abraham is sitt+ at ! gate ( hell wait+ = him1 & w deliv] him f ! j rew>d ( 8 del9qu5cies4 ,we d n mean to attribute su* reason+ to all ,israelites--f> f x2 b x is c]ta9 t on ! m9ds ( ! ignorant & sup]/iti\s ?is doctr9e mu/ h ?is effect4 ,^? :o are acqua9t$ ) ! ,^w ( ,god1 or "k h[ to reason1 mu/ believe t x is false1 b !n x is _! duty n only to disbelieve x 9 _! he>ts1 b to r5\nce x publicly1 & to tea* ! ignorant & un$ucat$ t x is false4 ,israelites (t5 feel ju/ly indignant at ! want ( due appreciation :i* *>act]izes public op9ion ) reg>d to ! nation1 b let !m reflect on ! causes1 & !y w cease to wond]4 ,mank9d 9 g5]al does n di/+ui% betwe5 ! ,jews & ,judaism1 b errone\sly attribute1 )\t any discrim9ation1 ! errors ( ! sy/em to ! m52 & h[ c !y d o!rwise1 s long z ! oral law is /ill upheld z a ,div9e code ( law8 ,let ,israel r5\nce ! errors publicly1 & all ! causes ( misconception w be remov$4 ,b we w\ld ask our read]s to g a little f>!r1 & comp>e ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity on ?is subject ) ^? ( ! oral law4 ,!y w f9d t :]e ! rabbies h err$1 ! disciples ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? h taught ! tru?4 ,/4 ,paul admits ! importance & ! privileges ( circumcision4 ,he asks1 8,:at advantage !n ha? ! ,jew8 or :at pr(it is !re ( circumcision80 ,& answ]s1 8,mu* e way3 *iefly1 because t unto !m 7 committ$ ! oracles ( ,god40 7,rom4 iii4 #a47 ,he does n und]value ,god's m]cy to ,israel1 b at ! same "t he hon\rs ,god's ju/ice & hol9ess1 by decl>+ t 8,god w r5d] to e man accord+ to 8 de$s3 to !m :o by pati5t cont9uance 9 well do+ seek = glory & hon\r & immortality1 et]nal life3 b unto !m t are cont5ti\s1 & d n obey ! tru?1 b obey unrighte\sness1 indignation & wra?1 tribulation & angui%1 ^u e s\l ( man t doe? evil1 ( ! ,jew fir/1 & also ( ! ,g5tile2 b glory1 hon\r1 & peace1 to e man t worke? good1 to ! ,jew fir/1 & also to ! ,g5tile3 = !re is no respect ( p]sons ) ,god40 7,romans ii4 #f-aa47 ,?is exactly agrees ) ! words ( ,j]emiah1 & ) ! "* ( ,god1 z set =? by ,moses & ! ,prophets1 & mu/ comm5d itself to ! m9d ( e reflect+ p]son4 ,let !n ^? :o reject ,*ri/ianity acc\nt = ! fact1 t :]e ! rabbies are wrong1 ! prea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity are "r4 ,if all tru? come f ,god1 & unassi/$ human reason mu/ g wrong1 h[ is x t ,god %\ld h help$ ,*ri/ians to ! tru?1 & left ! ,jews 9 deadly error = s _m c5turies8 ,judaism tea*es t ! ,g5tiles are despis$1 simply because !y h n got an outw>d sign1 :i* ,god nev] int5d$ !y %\ld h4 ,*ri/ianity proclaims t ,god is a j ,judge4 ,x says1 8,circumcision v]ily pr(ite?1 if ?\ keep ! law2 b if ?\ be a break] ( ! law1 ?y circumcision is made uncircumcision4 ,!re=e if ! uncircumcision keep ! righte\sness ( ! law1 %all n 8 uncircumcision be c\nt$ = circumcision80 ,judaism tea*es t ,abraham sits at ! gate ( hell to deliv] ev5 ! wick$1 if !y be only circumcis$4 ,*ri/ianity tea*es t ,abraham has no respect to ! outw>d sign1 unless x be accompani$ by purity ( he>t4 8,!re 0 a c]ta9 ri* man1 :i* 0 clo!d 9 purple & f9e l951 & f>$ sumptu\sly e day3 & !re 0 a c]ta9 begg> nam$ ,laz>us1 :i* 0 laid at 8 gate1 full ( sores4 ,& x came to pass t ! begg> di$1 & 0 c>ri$ by ! angels into ,abraham's bosom3 ! ri* man also di$1 & 0 buri$2 & 9 hell he lift$ up 8 eyes1 be+ 9 torm5ts1 & see? ,abraham af> (f1 & ,laz>us 9 8 bosom4 ,& he cri$ & said1 ,fa!r ,abraham1 h m]cy on me1 & s5d ,laz>us1 t he may dip ! tip ( 8 f+] 9 wat]1 & cool my tongue2 = ,i am torm5t$ 9 ?is flame4 ,b ,abraham said1 ,son1 rememb] t ?\ 9 ?y lifetime receiv$/ ?y good ?+s1 & likewise ,laz>us evil ?+s2 b n[ he is com=t$1 & ?\ art torm5t$4 ,& beside all ?is1 betwe5 u & y !re is a great gulf fix$3 s t !y :i* w\ld pass f h5ce to y _c2 nei!r c !y pass to u1 t w\ld come f !nce4 ,!n he said1 ,i pray !e !re=e1 fa!r1 t ?\ w\lde/ ,s5d him to my fa!r's h\se3 = ,i h five bre?r52 t he may te/ify unto !m1 le/ !y also come into ?is place ( torm5t4 ,abraham said unto him1 ,!y h ,moses & ! prophets2 let !m he> !m4 ,& he said1 ,nay1 fa!r ,abraham3 b if "o w5t to !m f ! dead1 !y w rep5t4 ,& he said unto him1 ,if !y he> n ,moses & ! prophets1 nei!r w !y be p]suad$1 ?\gh "o rose f ! dead40 7,luke xvi4 #ai-ca47 ,let ! read] comp>e ?is ) ! rabb9ic doctr9e1 & !n expla9 :y x is t :]e ! oral law errs1 ,god has giv5 ! tru? 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,no4 ,,lix4 ,,cruelty ,,to ,,! ,,unle>n$4 ,! great object ( ^! pap]s has be5 to comp>e ,judaism1 z x at pres5t exi/s1 ) ! religion ( ,moses & ! ,prophets1 & ?us to asc]ta9 :e!r ! ,jews ( ! pres5t day walk 9 ! good old pa?s po9t$ out to _! =efa!rs4 ,we h endeav\r$ to give our reasons = believ+ t ! ,jews h be5 impos$ ^u by ! inv5tors ( ! oral law1 & h n[ got a religion diametrically oppos$ to t :i* 0 reveal$ to !m by ,god4 ,m ?an a ye> has elaps$ s9ce ! fir/ ( ^! pap]s 0 publi%$1 & yet no answ] has appe>$4 ,?is sil5ce may be attribut$ to "o ( ?ree causes4 ,ei!r !re has be5 a want ( suffici5t zeal on ! "p ( ^? :o pr(ess ,judaism--or1 prud5ce has sugge/$ t ! sy/em w\ld n be> discussion--or1 ^! pap]s h be5 ?\ght unwor?y ( notice4 ,x is = ! ,jewi% p at l>ge to consid]1 :i* ( ^! ?ree reasons h influ5c$ ! *ampions ( ! oral law4 ,! ,jews c]ta9ly h a "r to "s explanation f ^?1 ^: le>n+ & /ation po9t !m out z ! natural def5d]s ( ,judaism4 ,e reflect+ man mu/ be /agg]$ by ! fact1 t a /rong case has be5 made out aga9/ ! oral law--t1 contemporane\sly ) ! publication ( ^! pap]s1 /rong symptoms ( dissatisfaction ) c]ta9 p>ts ( ,judaism h be5 manife/$ 9 "o ( ! mo/ respectable synagogues 9 ,london--& yet1 t no?+ has appe>$1 ei!r 9 ! %ape ( def5ce or explanation4 ,t ?is sil5ce has n proce$$ altoge!r f contempt is made probable by ano!r fact1 & t is1 ,t x is confid5tly ass]t$ t a public answ] 0 giv5 orally to ! fir/ numb]1 & t ?is answ] 0 satisfactory to ^? :o he>d x4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t ! answ] 0 n made kn[n g5]ally1 s z to af=d ! same satisfaction to o!rs4 ,= ourselves1 we %\ld h be5 mo/ happy1 if conv9c$ ( error1 to h retract$ any errone\s *>ge4 ,we h1 9 ! int]val1 frequ5tly consid]$ ! subject :i* is said to h be5 answ]$2 & n[ consid] x our duty1 be=e clos+ ?is s]ies1 to make kn[n our reasons = /ill believ+1 t t "o topic is 9 itself suffici5t to prove t ! religion ( ! oral law is a sy/em ( error4 ,our argum5ts 7 simply ^!4 ,a religion :i* despises & insults ! unle>n$ _c be f ,god4 ,! oral law does despise & insult ! unle>n$1 = x comm&s its disciples n to m>ry ! daught]s ( ! unle>n$ on ! gr\nd t !y are no bett] ?an bea/s4 ,!re=e ! oral law _c be f ,god4 ,secondly1 a religion :i* makes ! murd] ( an unle>n$ man lawful1 _c be f ,god4 ,! oral law does make x lawful1 =1 z we %[$ 9 ,no4 #a1 ,rabbi ,eleaz] says1 ,t x is lawful ev5 on ! mo/ solemn day ( ! ,jewi% ye>1 to kill an unle>n$ man )\t obs]v+ any ( ! te*nicalities ( ! rabb9ic art ( slaught]+2 or1 z ano!r says1 to r5d him asund] l a fi%4 ,!re=e ! oral law _c be f ,god4 ,we n[ proce$ to %[ :y we /ill ?9k t t l9e ( argum5t is valid4 ,! fir/ /ep is1 to e/abli% ! mean+ ( ! expression ,amha>etz1 :i* we translat$ 8an unle>n$ man40 ,! lit]al ,engli% ( ?is expression is1 8,p ( ! l&10 x might !re=e signify ! inhabitants ( ,canaan1 b 9 ! ,bible x is m commonly us$ ( ! mass ( ! ,israeliti% p1 z = in/ance3-- 8,& all ! p ( ! l& rejoic$1 & blew ) trumpets40 7#b ,k+s xi4 #ad4 ,see also v]ses #ah-bj47 ,"h ! expression is oppos$ to k+ & pr9ces1 & evid5tly means ! mass ( ! population1 or1 z "s w\ld say1 8,! common p40 ,&1 aga91 to give an example f ! ,prophets3-- 8,yet n[ be /rong1 ,o ,z]ubbabel1 sai? ! ,"l2 & be /rong1 ,o ,jo%ua1 son ( ,jos$e*1 ! high prie/2 & be /rong1 all ye p ( ! l&40 7,hag4 ii4 #d47 ,"h1 also1 ! expression is oppos$ to ! gov]nor ( ,judah & ! high prie/1 & pla9ly signifies ! mass ( ! population4 ,9 ! oral law1 x has mu* ! same signification2 x /&s = ^? :o are n c\nt$ among/ ! le>n$1 nor ! great m5 ( ! "t1 nor ! almon]s1 nor ! s*oolma/]s1 z appe>s 9 ! extract giv5 9 page #g1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t 9 ! oral law ! want ( le>n+ is a prom95t idea1 & ! expression may !re=e be appli$ to a high prie/ if he be unle>n$4 ,9 fur!r pro( we might appeal to ! common p>lance ( ! ,jews1 ev5 at ?is day1 = !y commonly call an unle>n$ man an ,amha>etz4 ,we pref]1 h[ev]1 giv+ "o or two extracts m f ! laws1 :]e ! expression ,amha>etz is put 9 opposition to 8,! disciple ( a wise man10 t is1 to a le>n$ man4 ,we read1 = in/ance1 t 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice1 8,! cause ( ! disciple ( a wise man takes prec$5ce ( ! cause ( an ,amha>etz40 7,hil*o? ,sanh$r91 c4 xxi4 #f47 ,aga91 1 8,9 l mann]1 x is unlawful = an eld] to behave ) levity to ! congregation1 ev5 ?\gh !y be ,amh>atz94 ,nei!r let him behave haughtily to ! holy p1 = al?\gh !y be common & humble p]sons1 !y are *ildr5 ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob40 7,ibid41 c4 #be47 ,aga91 8,!re=e1 :5 *ildr5 & wom51 & ! :ole g5us ( ,amh>atz91 are in/ruct$1 !y are to be taught to s]ve ,god only f ! motive ( fe>1 & ! desire to receive a rew>d until10 c4 7,hil*o? ,t'%uvah1 c4 x4 #e47 ,9 ^! passages1 & _m1 _m m may be add$1 ,amha>etz pla9ly signifies an unle>n$ man1 & x does n appe> f any "o1 t !re is any crime to be laid to 8 *>ge4 ,he may appe> z suitor 9 a c\rt ( law2 he is consid]$ z a son or ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob2 he is put on a level ) ! *ildr5 & ! wom5 ( ,israel4 ,! only disp>agem5t is1 t he has n be5 br\ght up at ! feet ( a le>n$ rabbi1 &1 !re=e1 _c be reckon$ among/ ! disciples ( ! wise m54 ,! next ?+ to be e/abli%$ is1 t ! oral law despises & insults ^? ^: mis=tune x is to be unle>n$2 & "h1 9 addition to ! complem5t paid to _! wives & daught]s1 notic$ 9 ,no4 #a1 we br+1 z a pro(1 ! g5]al rule :i* is giv5 respect+ _! treatm5t3-- 8,our rabbies h h&$ d[n z a tradition1 t six ?+s are said ) respect to ,amh>atz94 ,te/imony is n to be giv5 to !m1 nor receiv$ f !m4 ,a secret is n to be reveal$ to !m4 ,!y are n to be appo9t$ z gu>dians to orphans1 nor to an alms-fund4 ,"o is n to be> !m company 9 ! way4 ,& "s say1 t if !y h lo/ any ?+1 & x is f\nd1 no public notice is to be giv5 respect+ x40 7,pesa*im1 fol4 #di1 col4 #b47 ,"h1 !n1 ! unle>n$ are br&$ z li>s1 ^: ^w is n to be dep5d$ ^u--z rogues1 unfit to be tru/$ ) prop]ty--z murd]]s1 ) :om x is unsafe to walk by ! way-side4 ,c contempt or insult add m8 ,yes2 rabb9ic contempt _h "o insult m gall+ ?an ^!1 & t 0 to put !m on a level ) ,g5tiles1 & ?is x has done by =bidd+ public notice to be giv51 if any ?+ :i* !y _h lo/ %\ld be f\nd4 ,n[1 we fe> n to ass]t1 t ?is "o passage is fatal to ! claims ( ! oral law4 ,!re is n a p>ticle ( resemblance 9 x to ! m]ciful & j religion made kn[n by ,moses4 ,x is ! effusion ( a m9d intoxicat$ ) self-conceit & arrogance4 ,! au?ors ( ! oral law 7 det]m9$1 s f> z !y c\ld1 to lay x d[n z a maxim1 n only t no wisdom1 b no tru?1 no hone/y1 & no humanity1 0 to be f\nd1 except among/ !mselves1 & _! disciples2 !y wi%$ to h ! monopoly ( all moral virtue1 z well z ( all le>n+4 ,we ask bo? ! le>n$ & ! unle>n$1 :e!r x be possible t su* a law c\ld h emanat$ f ! ,god ( ,israel8 ,b !re is n only excessive arrogance1 !re is also gross inju/ice 9 _! law4 ,x is orda9$1 fir/1 t 9 a c\rt ( law1 ! cause ( ! le>n$ is to be he>d be=e ! cause ( ! unle>n$2 ?is is 9 itself mo/ unju/1 b is n to be comp>$ ) :at foll[s4 ,! oral law =bids ! appo9tm5t ( an unle>n$ man z gu>dian to orphans2 c any ?+ be m oppressive8 ,suppose t an unle>n$ man1 on 8 dea?-b$1 ?9ks ( a gu>dian = 8 orphan *ildr51 & looks to a bro!r1 or an intimate fri5d1 z unle>n$ z himself1 b ^: wor?1 & hone/y1 & affection1 he has long kn[n & valu$2 ! oral law =bids him to make su* an appo9tm5t2 & if he has no le>n$ fri5d--& h[1 :]e su* a law exi/s1 is x ev] possible t ! le>n$ & ! unle>n$ %\ld be fri5ds8--he mu/ die ) ! agoniz+ ?\ght1 t 8 *ildr5 mu/ be left to ! gu>dian%ip ( a p]fect /rang]4 ,is x possible to conceive any?+ m oppressive1 unju/1 or cruel8 ,b ! oral law is n cont5t ) ?is2 x w n p]mit an unle>n$ man1 ev5 9 8 lifetime1 to recov] prop]ty t has be5 lo/4 ,:oev] f9ds x may keep x4 ,! law = o!r p is1 t if any ?+ be f\nd1 ! f9d] is to h proclamation made 9 ! city1 or1 if ! majority ( ! inhabitants be ,g5tiles1 9 ! synagogue1 t ! los] may he> ( x4 ,b ! poor ,amha>etz is exclud$ f ! b5efit ( ?is comm&4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 puzzle ! read]1 h[ ! f9d] is to "k :e!r ! ?+ :i* he has f\nd belongs to a le>n$ or an unle>n$ man4 ,"o ( ! comm5tators has solv$ ?is difficulty 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- 8,if y ask1 ,h[ is ! f9d] to "k t ! ?+ f\nd belongs to an ,amha>etz8 ,r4 ,isaac says1 x is 9 su* a case z :5 a cr[d ( ,amh>atz9 is pass+1 & we see t x fell f !m40 7,ibid47 ,s t1 accord+ to ?is int]pretation1 ! disciples ( ! wise m5 are positively all[$ to reta9 :at !y "k does n belong to !m1 if !y only see t x does belong to an unle>n$ man2 & yet ^! are ! m5 :o are s afraid ( ! di%one/y ( ! unle>n$1 z to =bid _! appo9tm5t to ! (fice ( gu>dian to orphans1 or treasur] to a *>itable fund4 ,let any man ( common s5se decide1 :e!r ?is law is hone/ or di%one/1 & !n let him decide1 :e!r x c come f ,god1 & :e!r su* a religion is fit = an hone/ man8 ,! mo/ important po9t1 h[ev]1 rema9s1 & t is1 ! p]mission to kill an unle>n$ man1 or to r5d him l a fi%4 ,we h be5 told t ?is is m]ely figurative language1 b ! context is n su* z to lead to ?is conclusion2 on ! contr>y1 ! passage itself1 & all t prec$es & foll[s1 leads u to believe t x 0 meant lit]ally4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is said1 t x is lawful to kill an ,amha>etz )\t obs]v+ ! rules ( slaught]+1 & :5 ! disciples ask ! reason1 ,r4 ,eleaz> replies1 ,because ^! rules w\ld require a b5$iction to be pron\nc$1 :]eas he w\ld n h an ,amha>etz treat$ ) su* respect4 ,let any man expla9 ! figurative mean+ ( all ?is4 ,secondly1 ,r4 ,samuel1 to take away all ambiguity1 says1 9 ! "n ( ,r4 ,johannan1 t x is lawful to r5d him z a fi%4 ,n[ x is kn[n t1 ) reg>d to fi%1 ! rules ( or slaught]+1 are n obs]v$4 ,all ambiguity1 !re=e1 z to ,r4 ,eleaz>'s mean+1 is "h remov$4 ,?irdly1 x is evid5t t ! rabbies look$ ^u ! unle>n$ z no?+ bett] ?an bea/s4 ,!y say1 t ! daught]s ( ! unle>n$ are an abom9ation1 & _! wives v]m93 yea1 t _! daught]s are bea/s4 ,n[1 :5 m5 are s wick$ z to use su* language conc]n+ _! fell[-creatures1 are we to be a/oni%$ t !y w\ld draw ! conclusion t necess>ily foll[s f su* premises1 & t !y %\ld all[ ^! bea/s & v]m9 to be kill$8 ,:5 we see t ^! rabbies all[ an unle>n$ man to be robb$ ) impunity ( t :i* he has lo/1 :at pr9ciple ( consci5ce or ju/ice is !re left to prev5t !m f kill+ him :om !y h robb$8 ,if all ! o!r pr9ciples ( ^! rabbies 7 j1 hone/1 upright1 & m]ciful1 we might be tempt$ to suppose1 t 9 ^! words !y envelop$ "s my/ical s5se4 ,b :5 we see t ! pr9ciples :i* prec$e & foll[ are an outrage ^u humanity1 ju/ice1 & m]cy1 no su* supposition is necess>y4 ,b1 aft] all1 h[ did ! comm5tators und]/& ! passage8 ,if we1 z ,g5tiles1 are accus$ ( misrepres5t+ ! s5se1 :at did ! rabbies1 :o succe$$1 make ( ?is passage8 ,! comm5t>y f :i* we h j quot$1 aft] say+1 t if a cr[d ( ,amh>atz9 let any ?+ fall1 x is lawful to keep x )\t giv+ public notice1 adds1 t ?is is to be und]/ood /rictly ( :at is lo/1 b t x does n w>rant ! le>n$ to rob !m by =ce2 ^u :i* ! foll[+ difficulty is />t$3-- 8,:y %\ld x be unlawful to deal ?us ) 8 money1 :5 x is lawful to deal viol5tly ) 8 body1 = x is lawful to r5d him z a fi%40 7,ibid47 ,n[ "h ?is rabbi evid5tly int]pret$ ! p]mission to kill lit]ally1 & he naturally asks1 ,if x be lawful to take away a man's life by viol5ce1 :y %\ld x n be lawful to take away 8 money8 ,if ! words _h be5 tak5 figuratively1 !re w\ld h be5 no room = ?is "q4 ,we h1 !re=e1 nei!r misund]/ood nor misrepres5t$ ! mean+4 ,! oral law all[s ! murd] ( an unle>n$ man1 & t ) z little c]emony z x p]mits ! kill+ ( an unclean animal1 or a fi%4 ,we !re=e repeat our ass]tion1 t ! oral law _c be f ,god4 ,"o su* passage is q suffici5t to discr$it ! :ole1 n only because ( its intr9sic wick$ness1 b because x displays ! "* ( ^? m5 ) :om ! oral law orig9at$4 ,sup]abundant self-conceit1 cold-blood$ cruelty1 & unrel5t+ enmity1 are ! /rik+ *>act]i/ics ( ^? m51 :o1 by d9t ( =ce & fraud1 gradually enslav$ ! m9ds ( ! ,jewi% p4 ,x appe>s f ^! passages1 & f ! pla9 confessions ( ! rabbies 9 ! context1 t ! common p /ruggl$ h>d be=e !y submitt$ to ! yoke ( ! oral law4 ,! attempt to impose su* a burd51 evid5tly produc$ ! mo/ bitt] animosity betwe5 ! rabbies & ! p4 ,! p 7 ready1 z "o ( ! rabbies says1 to kill all ! wise m51 & ^!1 9 return laid d[n ! pr9ciples ( retaliation :i* we h j consid]$1 & :i* are a disgrace to ! "n ( religion4 ,^! pr9ciples1 h[ev]1 w\ld n h triumph$ if ! rabbies _h n got ! :ole p[] ( ! ,/ate into _! own h&s4 ,by means ( t unlawful & hea!ni% tribunal1 ! ,sanh$r91 !y 7 able to co]ce ! p1 & to kill all :o refus$ to submit4 ,judaism1 !re=e1 z x at pres5t exi/1 is a religion :i* 0 orig9ally =c$ ^u ! ,jewi% p aga9/ _! w1 & !re=e has no claims ^u _! rev]5ce or gratitude4 ,by ! disp]sion1 ,god has remov$ ! ma9 difficulties 9 ! way ( _! moral & spiritual emancipation4 ,*ri/ianity is 9 ! asc5dant1 & w n p]mit any 8wise m50 to kill ! unle>n$ )\t c]emony4 ,! p may1 !re=e1 ass]t _! religi\s lib]ty 9 p]fect security1 & )\t any fe> ( ! ,sanh$r94 ,we tell ! ,jews1 ev5 on ! admissions ( ! ,talmud itself1 t _! pres5t religion is n ev5 ! object ( _! *oice1 & mu* less ! religion giv5 by ,god1 b t x 0 impos$ ^u ! consci5ces ( _! fa!rs by =ce2 &1 !re=e1 ask ! ,jews1 ,:e!r !y /ill wi% to cont9ue slaves to sup]/ition & cruelty1 :5 ,god has1 9 8 provid5ce1 arrang$ ! means ( _! deliv]y8 ,! ,jewi% p h (t5 _h reason to compla9 ( ! inju/ice1 contempt1 & cruelty ( ! nations among/ :om !y h be5 scatt]$2 b we ask !m1 ,h ! mo/ b>b>\s nations ev] treat$ !m ) m contempt1 inju/ice1 & cruelty ?an t :i* we h j f\nd au?oriz$ by ! oral law8 ,ignorant & sup]/iti\s ,g5tiles h turn$ ! holy "n ( ,jew into a t]m ( reproa*1 b :]e 0 x ev] kn[n or he>d (1 t ! mo/ ignorant & mo/ sup]/iti\s call$ ! ,jews v]m91 or comp>$ ! wives & daught]s ( ,israel to bea/s8 ,x is ,judaism1 & ,judaism only1 t utt]s ?is f\l & inhuman sl&]4 ,9 seasons ( popul> tumult1 mobs h ris5 & plund]$ ! ,jews2 b :]e is ! nation1 or ! religion1 :i* has made a law t x is lawful to keep ! lo/ prop]ty ( a ,jew8 ,judaism1 & ,judaism alone1 is guilty ( ?is inju/ice4 ,prejudice has unju/ly assail$ ! "* ( ! ,jewi% p1 b :at sect or p>ty ( ,*ri/ians ev] ?\ght ( br&+ !m z li>s1 ^: evid5ce is n to be receiv$2 z rogues1 unwor?y to be appo9t$ z gu>dians to orphans or prop]ty2 z murd]]s1 ) :om x is unsafe to walk by ! road-side8 ,yet ?is is ! delib]ate s5t5ce ( ,judaism respect+ ! unle>n$2 t is1 respect+ ! great mass ( ! ,jewi% p4 ,j suppose t ! ,p>liam5t ( ,engl& 0 to pass a law1 decl>+ t ! ,jews are to be consid]$ incompet5t to give te/imony1 or to be gu>dians ( prop]ty1 w>n+ p to bew>e ( walk+ ) a ,jew1 & p]mitt+ m5 to kill !m1 or to r5d !m l a fi%2 w\ld n ! ,jewi% p p]ceive 9 a mom5t ! inju/ice & ! cruelty ( su* legislation8 ,w\ld !y n h j reason to compla9 ( ! bl9d prejudice :i* possess$ ! m9ds ( ! legislators8 ,& yet1 ?is is only :at ! rabbies h done4 ,if ,judaism be true1 !n ! mass ( ! ,jewi% p are li>s1 rogues1 & murd]]s2 = ?is is :at ,judaism ass]ts2 & if ! ,jewi% p cons5t to its tru?1 !y are /amp+ !mselves1 _! wives1 & _! daught]s ) infamy4 ,! tru? or falsehood ( ! oral law is n simply a speculative "q1 or a "q relat+ to _! et]nal int]e/s 9 ano!r _w2 x is a "q deeply affect+ _! *>act]s & _! welf>e at pres5t4 ,x simply comes to ?is1 are all unle>n$ ,jews1 t is1 ! ov]:elm+ majority ( ! p1 to be consid]$ z utt]ly de/itute ( tru?1 hone/y1 & humanity8 ,if ,judaism be true1 ! answ] is1 ,yes4 ,let1 !n1 e ,jew1 ri* or poor1 le>n$ or unle>n$1 consid] :e!r he w /ill pr(ess a religion t defames & insults ! mass ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,! "* ( ! nation is f\lly attack$1 defam$1 & vilifi$1 b n by ,g5tiles1 n by ,turk1 ,infidel1 or ,h]etic1 b by ! ,talmud & ! ,rabbies4 ,! only way 9 :i* ?is calumny c be met & wip$ away1 is1 by a r5unciation ( t sy/em :i* has d>$ to utt] x4 ,if !re live a ,jew :o has ! slighte/ reg>d = ! hon\r ( ! nation1 he is b\nd to prote/ al\d aga9/ ! falsehood ( ! oral law4 ,t x is false1 requires no great /ret* ( argum5t to prove4 ,e unle>n$ ,jew1 :o is consci\s t he is n a li>1 a rogue1 & a murd]]1 has ! pro( 9 8 own brea/1 t ,judaism is false4 ,e unle>n$ ,jew1 :o duly hon\rs & respects 8 wife & daught]s1 & believes t !y are nei!r v]m9 nor bea/s1 is a witness aga9/ ! tru? ( ! oral law4 ,e "o :o believes t di%one/y is contr>y to ! w ( ,god1 & t ! murd] ( ! unle>n$ is unlawful1 has ! pro( t t sy/em :i* 0 impos$ ^u 8 fa!rs1 is n f ,god4 ,no4 ,,lx4 ,,recapitulation4 ,hav+1 by ! help & m]cy ( ,god1 br\ght ^? pap]s to ! la/ numb]1 we propose "h to sum up _! cont5ts1 & to give a review ( ! argum5ts :i* h be5 urg$4 ,! topics discuss$ h be5 v v>i\s1 b ! object 9 all has be5 ! same1--,to %[ t ,judaism1 or ! religion ( ! oral law1 is n ! old religion ( ,moses & ! ,prophets1 b a new & totally diff]5t sy/em1 devis$ by design+ m51 & unwor?y ( ! ,jewi% p4 ,t ,judaism is id5tical ) ! religion ( ! oral law 0 prov$ 9 ! fir/ numb] by an appeal to ! highe/ possible au?ority1 ! ,pray]-book ( ! synagogue1 :i* is n only =m$ 9 ob$i5ce to ! directions ( ! oral law1 b decl>es expressly t ! ,talmud is ( ,div9e au?ority4 ,s long1 !re=e1 z t ,pray]-book is ! ritual ( ! synagogue1 ! wor%ipp]s !re mu/ be consid]$ z ,talmudi/s1 believ]s 9 all ! absurdities1 & advocates ( all ! intol]ance ( t mass ( tradition4 ,t ?is is no misrepres5tation & no unf\nd$ conclusion ( our own1 appe>s f ! late/ book publi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry by a memb] ( ! ,jewi% p]suasion4 ,jo%ua ,van ,ov51 ,esq41 has1 9 8 8,introduction to ! ,pr9ciples ( ! ,jewi% ,fai?10 a *apt]1 head$ ,,judaism1 :i* beg9s ?us1--8,! ,jewi% religion1 or ,judaism1 is f\nd$ solely on ! law ( ,moses1 s call$ f its hav+ be5 br\ght d[n by him f ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,) ! p>ticul>s ( ^! laws he _h be5 inspir$ by ! ,almighty dur+ ! =ty days he rema9$ on ! m\nt1 aft] receiv+ ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts2 ^! he aft]w>ds embodi$ 9 ! sacr$ volume1 kn[n & accept$ z ! writt5 law1 & call$ ! ,p5tateu*1 or ! ,five ,books ( ,moses1 conta9$ 9 ! volume we t]m ! ,bible4 ,we also1 f ! same s\rce1 receive1 z sacr$ & au!ntic1 a l>ge numb] ( traditions n committ$ to writ+1 b transmitt$ by ^w ( m\? d[n to lat] times2 )\t :i* _m enactm5ts 9 ! ,holy ,bible c\ld n h be5 und]/ood & act$ ^u2 ^!1 t]m$ traditional or oral laws1 7 collect$ & =m$ into a volume call$ ! #8,mi%na1' by ,rabbi ,jehudah ,hakode%1 ,a4,m4 #daej4 ,9 addition to ?is1 we are guid$ by ! explications ( ! lat] s*ools ( pi\s & le>n$ rabbies1 con/itut+ :at is n[ kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,talmud1 or ,gem>a40#cg ,no?+ c be m explicit ?an ?is av[al4 ,a le>n$ & pi\s ,jew ( ! n9ete5? c5tury hone/ly av[s t ,judaism is ! religion ( ! ,talmud2 & ^u ?is pr9ciple we h exam9$ ,judaism1 & comp>$ x ) ,moses & ! ,prophets1 & ! result ( ?is comp>ison is-- ,i4 ,,t ,,judaism ,,is ,a ,,false ,,religion4 ,! premises1 f :i* we draw ?is conclusion1 are-- #a4 ,t ! oral law is altoge!r de/itute ( ext]nal evid5ce4 ,to e/abli% ! au?ority ( ! oral law1 x is absolutely necess>y to prove a succession ( ,sanh$r9s f ! "t ( ,moses to t ( ,rabbi ,jehudah1 or at ! lea/ an unbrok5 *a9 ( tradition4 ,b x has be5 prov$1 9 ,nos4 xliii4 & xliv41 t !re 0 no su* ?+ z a ,sanh$r9 until aft] ! ,greek conque/ ( ,judea1 & 9 ,no4 xlv41 t !re is no cont9u\s *a9 ( tradition4 ,! only evid5ce1 !re=e1 :i* c\ld beget fai? 9 ! m9d ( a reasonable man is want+4 #b4 ,! oral law itself is full ( manife/ fables4 ,?is has be5 prov$ almo/ 9 e numb]1 b p>ticul>ly f ,nos4 xvii4-xxi41 :]e ! fables select$ are su* z are p>ticul>ly notic$ 9 ! pray]s ( ! synagogue4 ,no "o c d\bt t ! /ories ab\t ,levia?an & ,behemo?--( ,adam's s++ ! #ib;d ,psalm aft] a conv]sation ) ,ca9--( ! riv] ,sambation--( ! exp]im5t made by ,turnus ,rufus to raise 8 fa!r--( ,m\nt ,s9ai hav+ be5 turn$1 l a tub1 ov] ! ,israelites--( ! desc5t ( #fjj1jjj angels to cr[n ! ,israelites--( ! p's travell+ #bdj miles backw>ds & =w>ds dur+ ! deliv]y ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 c41 c41--are all d[nright fables1 n a :it m au!ntic ?an simil> /ories conta9$ 9 ! ,koran1 or ! ,arabian ,nights' ,ent]ta9m5ts4 ,any "o fable w\ld be suffici5t to ov]turn ! cr$it ( ! oral law1 b :at are we to ?9k ( ! ho/ ( d[nright falsehoods "h enum]at$8 #c4 ,x is directly subv]sive ( ! /ate ( ?+s e/abli%$ 9 ! writt5 law4 ,moses appo9t$ ! prie/s1 ! sons ( ,levi1 z ! religi\s tea*]s ( ,israel4 ,! oral law has ou/$ !m altoge!r f _! (fice1 z 0 %[n 9 ,no4 xli4 #d4 ,! oral law enc\rages ^? ,hea!n sup]/itions expressly =bidd5 by ,moses & ! ,prophets1 su* z magic1 a/rology1 amulets1 & *>ms1 z is %[n f ,nos4 xxii4-xxvi4 #e4 ,! oral law loos5s ! moral obligations4 ,x tea*es m5 h[ to evade ! ,div9e comm&m5ts1 z 0 %[n 9 ,nos4 xi41 xiv41 & xv4 ,x all[s disp5sation f oa?s1 z prov$ 9 ,nos4 lvi4 & lvii4 ,x all[s m5 to reta9 :at !y "k does n belong to !m1 if x only belongs to a ,g5tile 7p4 #ah71 or to an unle>n$ ,jew1 z appe>s f ,no4 lix4 ,x sanctions ! murd] ( ! unle>n$4 #f4 ,x leads m5 to put tru/ 9 m]e ext]nal acts z a comp5sation = moral del9qu5cies4 ,! wa%+ ( h&s 7,no4 x47--! ext]nal sanctification ( ! ,sabba? 7,no4 xxix47--! bl[+ ( ! cornet at ! new ye> 7,no4 xxxiv47--! rite ( circumcision 7,no4 lviii471 c41 c41 are repres5t$ z suffici5t to save wick$ m5 f ! j puni%m5t ( _! misde$s4 #g4 ,?\gh call$ an oral law1 because n writt5 ) ink1 x is really writt5 9 blood4 ,= ! mo/ trifl+ (f5ces x s5t5ces ! (f5d] to be flogg$ 7,nos4 xiii4 & liii47--= ! transgression ( ! rabb9ic comm&s respect+ ! ,sabba?1 x aw>ds ! s5t5ce ( dea? 7,no4 xxvii47--&1 by its laws respect+ ! kill+ & cook+ meat 7,nos4 xlix4-liv471 x prev5ts ! poor f gett+ food = !mselves & _! *ildr54 #h4 ,x degrades ! female sex1 by p]mitt+ polygamy 7,no4 xlvii47--by p]mitt+ divorce on ! mo/ trifl+ pretext 7,no4 xlviii47--by decl>+ wom5 incompet5t to give evid5ce--by exclud+ !m f ! public wor%ip ( ,god--& by tea*+ t !y are "u no obligation to le>n ! reveal$ w ( _! ,creator 7,no4 iii474 #i4 ,x oppresses & insults slaves1 by =bidd+ !m to be in/ruct$ 9 ! law 7,no4 iii471 & by plac+ !m1 :5 dead1 on a level ) brutes 7,no4 lv474 #aj4 ,x is a p]secut+ & intol]ant sy/em4 ,x gives e rabbi ! p[] ( excommunicat+ ! ,jews 7,no4 xxxi471 & x comm&s ! conv]sion ( all ! ,g5tile nations by ! sword 7,no4 vi474 #aa4 ,x =bids ! ex]cise ( ! commone/ feel+s ( humanity to ^? :om x calls idolat]s4 ,x w n p]mit a dr[n+ idolat] to be help$1 nor a p]i%+ idolat] to be rescu$1 nor an idolatr\s woman 9 travail to be deliv]$ 7,nos4 iv4 & v474 #ab4 ,x leaves ^? ,g5tiles :o are n idolat]s )\t religion4 ,x tea*es t !y are n comm&$ to love ,god1 & breaks up all ! happ9ess ( dome/ic life1 by ass]t+ t among/ ,g5tiles !re is no su* ?+ z m>riage 7,no4 viii474 ,= ^! & o!r reasons :i* might be adduc$1 we believe t ,judaism is contr>y to ! religion ( ,moses & ! ,prophets--t x has n proce$$ f ,god1 b is ! m]e inv5tion ( m51 & !re=e false4 ,,ii4 ,f ^! premises we h conclud$1 secondly1 ,,t ,,judaism ,,has ,,= ,,its ,,au?ors ,,wick$ ,,m51 ,,unwor?y ,,( ,,cr$it4 ,"o ( ! mo/ d>+ acts ( wick$ness1 t c be committ$ is to inv5t laws & pr9ciples1 & pass !m (f z ! laws ( ,god4 ,e degree ( wilful falsehood is s9ful2 b to =ge ,div9e laws1 & impose ^u ! consci5ces ( m51 is ! mo/ d>+ ( all wick$ness1 = x n only deceives m51 b x di%on\rs ,god4 ,! ,div9e ,be+ is repres5t$ z ! au?or ( pr9ciples & practices :i* are abhorr$ by ! good ev5 among/ m54 ,is x possible t ^? m5 c\ld be good1 :o inv5t$ ! fables ( :i* we h spok5 above--or :o ov]turn$ ! ,mosaic con/itution = ! purposes ( p]sonal aggr&isem5t--or :o tea* t oa?s may be brok5 ) impunity--or t m5 may keep :at does n belong to !m--or t unle>n$ m5 may be murd]$ )\t c]emony--or t x is lawful to look ^u ! agonies & pa9 ( an idolat] )\t r5d]+ him any assi/ance or feel+ any pity8 ,if falsehood1 p]jury1 di%one/y1 cruelty1 & inhumanity1 con/itute m5 wick$1 !n ! au?ors ( ! oral law are wick$ m51 & altoge!r unwor?y ( cr$it4 ,& !re=e we conclude-- ,,iii4 ,,t ,,_! ,,te/imony ,,aga9/ ,,*ri/ianity ,,is ,,( ,,no ,,value4 ,_m ,jews ( ! pres5t day reject ,*ri/ianity simply because ! rul]s ( ! nation reject$ ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b ! discov]ies :i* we h made ( ! pr9ciples & practices ( ^! m5 %[1 t !re is no =ce :atev] 9 ?is argum5t4 ,_! te/imony aga9/ ,jesus ( ,naz>e? is n to be tru/$ any m ?an ,mahomet's te/imony aga9/ ! fidelity ( ! ,jewi% nation 9 pres]v+ ! ,scriptures4 ,?is impo/or says1 t ! ,jews h corrupt$ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b no "o believes ! *>ge1 because he has be5 convict$ himself ( =g+ revelations & laws4 ,! au?ors ( ! oral law h be5 convict$ ( ! same (f5ce1 & _! te/imony mu/ be reject$ = ! v same reason4 ,!y h pass$ (f _! own inv5tions z ,div9e laws--!y h taught _! absurd leg5ds z und\bt$ matt]s ( fact--!y are pla9ly convict$ ( falsehood1 & ! only alt]native is to say t ^! falsehoods are wilful1 & !n ! m5 :o witness aga9/ ,*ri/ianity are wilful li>s1 or to confess t ! au?ors 7 mad1 & !re=e incompet5t to give any te/imony4 ,9 e case !y mu/ be reg>d$ z propagat]s ( falsehood4 ,b falsehood is n ! only trait 9 _! "*2 !y 7 int]e/$ 9 _! te/imony aga9/ ,jesus3 !y 7 8 p]sonal enemies1 because he oppos$ _! pret5sions & condemn$ all _! inv5tions4 ,!y _h1 !re=e1 a /rong motive = condemn+ him1 & !re is no?+ 9 _! "* to lead u to suppose t _! love ( ju/ice w\ld prevail ov] _! private feel+s4 ,:5 ! g5]al t5\r ( a man's conduct is evid5tly ! result ( upright pr9ciple1 x is possible to believe t he w\ld be j ev5 to an enemy4 ,:5 a man's :ole life has be5 di/+ui%$ by t5d] compassion1 x is possible to believe t he w\ld n be cruel ev5 to a foe4 ,b nei!r supposition holds good ) respect to ! au?ors ( ! oral law4 ,!y d n ev5 pr(ess integrity1 = !y tea* t x is lawful to defraud an unle>n$ man--!y decl>e1 by _! p]mission to kill an ,amha>etz1 t !y _h no value = human life4 ,if !y 7 capable ( murd]+ 9 cold blood a man :o _h nev] (f5d$ !m1 simply because he did n belong to _! p>ty1 is x to be wond]$ at t !y %\ld endeav\r to de/roy "o :o :o 0 a direct oppos]8 ,! condemnation ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ by su* m5 is n only no argum5t aga9/ 8 "* or claims1 b ev5 an argum5t 9 8 fav\r4 ,x is a decisive pro( t he did n belong to _! p>ty1 & t1 !re=e1 !re are n ! same objections to 8 te/imony z to !irs4 ,! ,jews ( ! pres5t day1 !re=e1 mu/ f9d "s o!r reasons = reject+ ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,! conduct ( _! great & le>n$ m5 at ! "t c supply no w>rant = unbelief at pres5t3 x is1 on ! contr>y1 a sort ( presumptive evid5ce t ,he 0 a good man4 ,& ?is presumption is mu* /r5g!n$ by comp>+ ! oral law ) ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :]eby we le>n-- ,,iv4 ,,t ,,9 ,,all ,,^? ,,po9ts ,,:]e ,,! ,,oral ,,law ,,is ,,weak1 ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,is ,,/rong4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is entirely free f all fabul\s additions to ! ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory4 ,x recognises ! au?ority1 & frequ5tly cites ! writ+s1 ( ,moses & ! ,prophets1 b x is nev]1 l ! ,talmud1 guilty ( =g]ies4 ,nei!r ,jesus nor 8 disciples pret5d$ to h an oral int]pretation ( ! law1 unkn[n to ! p at l>ge1 & !re=e capable ( be+ twi/$ to _! own purposes4 ,!y ref]r$ simply to ! writt5 ^w1 & by x desir$ to h all _! doctr9es judg$4 ,9 ! second place1 x is free f all sup]/iti\s doctr9es conc]n+ magic1 a/rology1 & o!r hea!ni% arts4 ,x does n all[ absolution f oa?s1 nor m>k out any class ( society z ! lawful victims ( fraud & viol5ce4 ,x is m]ciful to ! poor & to slaves4 ,x tea*es t ! s\ls ( wom5 are z preci\s 9 ! sight ( ,god z ^? ( m54 ,x =bids polygamy1 & all[s divorce only 9 "o case :]e x is necess>y1 & ?us protects ! weak] sex1 & gu>ds ! sacr$ness & ! happ9ess ( dome/ic life4 ,x diff]s especially f ! oral law 9 its e/imation ( ext]nal rites1 & ?us gives ! /ronge/ evid5ce ( its ,div9e orig94 ,if !re be "o sign ( true religion m satisfactory ?an ano!r1 x is ! plac+ ( hol9ess ( he>t & life z ! fir/ great requisite1 at ! same "t t x does n und]value any ( ,god's comm&s4 ,n[ ?is m>k ,*ri/ianity has1 & ,judaism wants4 ,! =m] tea*es expressly1 ,t )\t hol9ess no man %all see ! ,"l1 & t = ! want ( x no ext]nal c]emonies c comp5sate4 ,fur!r1 ,*ri/ianity kn[s ( no viol5t me?ods ( propagat+ ! tru?4 ,x n[h]e tells its foll[]s1 :5 !y h ! p[]1 to compel all m5 to embrace its doctr9es1 or to put !m to dea? if !y refuse4 ,x has n a crim9al code writt5 9 blood1 & prescrib+ flogg+s ( rebellion1 or ev5 dea?1 = a m]e c]emonial (f5ce4 ,x does n all[ ea* individual tea*] to torm5t ! p by excommunication & ana!ma at 8 pleasure4 ,& la/ly1 x does n misrepres5t ,god z an unju/ & p>tial judge1 :o conf9es ! b5efits ( revelation to "o small nation1 & s5t5ces ! ov]:elm+ majority ( mank9d to unhol9ess & unhapp9ess4 ,if ev] ,judaism %\ld atta9 to univ]sal dom9ion1 & ! pr9ciples ( ,judaism be br\ght into action1 ! :ole ,g5tile _w w\ld be doom$ to mis]y & ignorance4 ,by pron\nc+ t among/ ,g5tiles !re is no m>riage-tie1 x w\ld rob !m ( all dome/ic peace4 ,by s5t5c+ e ,g5tile read] ( ! ,bible to dea?1 x w\ld deprive !m ( all ! consolations & in/ructions ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 & by =bidd+ !m to keep a ,sabba?1 x w\ld1 s f> z x c\ld1 annihilate e tok5 ( ,god's c>e & lov+-k9dness4 ,! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity1 on ! contr>y1 & ! full developm5t ( all its pr9ciples1 w\ld fill ! _w ) peace1 & joy1 & happ9ess4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity1 namely1 t ! ,messiah has di$ = ! s9s ( ! :ole _w1 sets =? ,god z ! t5d] fa!r :o c>es = all 8 *ildr51 & !re=e tea*es all m5 to reg>d "o ano!r z fell[-heirs ( ! same et]nal salvation4 ,x does n d5y t ,israel has peculi> privileges z a nation1 b fully ackn[l$ges t 8!y are /ill belov$ = ! fa!rs' sakes10 & t !y are yet to be ! b5efactors ( ! human race z !y 7 ( old4 ,b x ass]ts1 at ! same "t1 t ,god is n ! ,god ( ! ,jews only1 b ( ! ,g5tiles also1 & ?us makes x possible = ,jew & ,g5tile to love ea* o!r4 ,! only f\ndation = ! peace & unity ( all nations is ! recognition ( ,god z ! ,fa!r ( all1 & ?is f\ndation is ! v corn]-/one ( ,*ri/ianity1 :il/ x nei!r does nor c =m any "p ( ! fabric ( ,judaism4 ,*ri/ianity tea*es t ! fir/ & great comm&m5t is1 ,?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t2 & ! second is1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself2 & tea*es1 at ! same "t1 t all m5 are our neighb\rs4 ,judaism tea*es t circumcision is ! greate/ ( all ! comm&m5ts1 & t none b ,jews & proselytes are neighb\rs4 ,?us ,judaism divides1 :il/ ,*ri/ianity t5ds to unite1 all ! *ildr5 ( m5 9 ! b&s ( peace4 ,x has only "o pr9ciple ( ,god's deal+s to m51 & t pr9ciple is love2 & "o pr9ciple = ! guid+ ( man's conduct to m51 & t is love also4 ,let n ! ,jewi% read] ?9k t we ,g5tiles wi% to ascribe any m]it to ourselves1 z if by our own wit or wisdom we _h f\nd out a religi\s sy/em sup]ior to any?+ t ,israel _h be5 able to devise4 ,f> f x2 we ackn[l$ge aga91 z we did 9 ! fir/ numb]1 t we are only disciples ( "o "p ( ! ,jewi% nation4 ,f ! ,jews ,*ri/ianity came to u4 ,x has be5 a light to light5 u ,g5tiles1 b we ackn[l$ge its ,div9e ,au?or z ! glory ( 8 p ,israel4 ,all we mean by in/itut+ ! comp>ison is1 to %[ ^? :o /ill adh]e to ! oral law1 t !re is ano!r ,jewi% religion inf9itely sup]ior1 & m l t ( ,moses & ! ,prophets4 ,& we appeal confid5tly to e read] ( ^! pap]s to decide :e!r ! ,new ,te/am5t or ! ,talmud is ! bett] book1 & to say :i* is ! mo/ agreeable to ! w ( ,god z reveal$ to _! =efa!rs4 ,we e>ne/ly call ^u !m to make ! decision1 & to deliv] !mselves f t unm]it$ weight ( odium :i* has re/$ ^u !m = c5turies2 & f t /ill m dreadful evil1 ! displeasure ( ,almighty ,god1 :i* has foll[$ !m ev] s9ce !y =sook ! ,old ,pa?s :]e9 _! fa!rs walk$4 ,x is "t = ^?1 at lea/1 :o pr(ess to abhor c]ta9 p>ts ( ! ,talmud & oral law1 to ju/ify _! pr(essions by consi/5t conduct4 ,if !y wi% p to believe !m :5 !y pr(ess love & *>ity t[>ds all m51 !y mu/ beg9 by repudiat+ ! au?ority ( ! oral law1 & r5\nc+ ! wor%ip ( ! synagogue4 ,h[ c we possibly believe t ^? are s9c]e 9 _! pr(essions to m51 :o decl>e t !y are ins9c]e 9 _! wor%ip ( ! he>t-se>*+ ,god8 ,e man :o uses ! pray]s ( ! synagogue1 !re confesses himself to ,god z a believ] 9 ! oral law1 & consequ5tly ready to execute all its decrees ( cruelty1 fraud1 & p]secution--ready1 :5 he has ! p[]1 to conv]t all nations ) ! sword4 ,t is 8 pr(ession 9 ! synagogue2 :51 !n1 he comes =? f ! solemn act ( ,div9e wor%ip1 & tells me t he is lib]al & *>itable1 & t he abhors p]secution1 h[ c ,i possibly believe him8 ,!re is falsehood some:]e1 & ! only possible mode ( remov+ ?is appe>ance is by a public r5unciation ( ! oral law1 & an erasure ( ^? passages 9 ! public pray]s :i* affirm its ,div9e au?ority4 ,?is all truly lib]al-m9d$ ,jews owe to !mselves1 to ! ,*ri/ian public1 to _! bre?r51 &1 above all1 to _! ,god4 ,to !mselves !y owe x1 because s long z _! words & _! de$s contradict ea* o!r1 a mi/ hangs ov] !m4 ,to ! ,*ri/ian public !y owe x1 = !y mu/ naturally desire to "k ! pr9ciples ( ^? ) :om !y are connect$4 ,to _! bre?r5 !y owe x1 = ?is is ! only way ( deliv]+ ! nation f ! calamities ( c5turies4 ,to _! ,god !y owe x1 = by ! blasphemies ( ! oral law1 ,8 "* is misrepres5t$1 & ,8 "n blasphem$4 ,,! ,,end4 ,footnote #cg3 8,a ,manual ( ,judaism10 by ,jo%ua ,van ,ov51 ,esq41 ,m4,r4,c4,s4,l41 ,london1 #ahce4 ,page #bb4 ,,index4 ,ab>banel1 #abd ,ab5 ,ezra1 #abc ,abraham at ! door ( hell1 #dej ,adam1 #acf ,agadah1 recogniz$ 9 ,jewi% ,pray]-book1 #c ,ahijah1 ! ,%ilonite1 fable ab\t1 #ceb ,almsgiv+1 ,rabb9ic1 #cjb m]it (1 #cjg ,amha>etz1 mean+ ( ! ^w1 #deh disqualifications (1 #dei may be robb$ & sla9 ) impunity1 #dfa lawful to kill1 #f ,amulets1 virtues (1 #ahc ,angels c>ry up ! s\nd ( ! horn at new ye>1 #bfg ,angels1 ( ! waves1 #aig ,angel1 evil1 #bbi ,angels m9i/]+1 #afd ,apo/ates1 to be kill$1 #cf ,arbah1 ,turim1 #aab ,a/rology1 taught & practis$1 #age ,atonem5t1 day (1 #bgi itself an atonem5t1 #bgi rep5tance an1 #bgi a cock kill$ z an1 #bhc dea? an1 #bii ,baptism necess>y to a proselyte1 #cjd ,b> ,ko*av1 #bbb ,be*ai1 #adb ,behemo?1 leg5d (1 #abh1 c4 ,bi!r1 ! city (1 #baf ,ca91 #ach ,cate*ism1 ,bav>ian ,jewi%1 #be gives a false view ( ,judaism1 #bf ,*>ity1 ,rabb9ic1 #aab ,*>m1 ,rabb9ic1 = a ble$+ ( ! nose1 #aib = ! bite ( a mad dog1 #aic = a /orm at sea1 #aif = ! bite ( a scorpion1 #bjj ,*>ms all[$ on ! ,sabba?-day1 #bjj ,*>m = b$ "t1 #bja ,*ri/ianity1 a ,jewi% religion1 #a ,*ri/ianity1 ! religion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 #b ,*ri/ians consid]$ z idolat]s1 #dai n c\nt$ among/ ! pi\s ( ! nations1 #d n 9 a /ate ( salvation1 #d ,circumcision equival5t to all ! comm&m5ts1 #dea m]itori\sness (1 #dej ,cock1 kill+ a cock z atonem5t1 #bhc ,comm&m5ts1 #ddb2 #afb ,cruelty1 ,rabb9ic1 #h1 #ii1 #bji to wom51 #cgg ,dead1 ,rabb9ic m\rn+ =1 #dbh pray]s = !1 #bie ,dea?1 an atonem5t1 #bii ,demons1 ask+ c\nsel (1 #bjc ,d5i]s ( ! law1 ?ree classes (1 #d ,deputies1 ,fr5* ,jewi%1 #bd ,deut]onomy xvii4 #h1 c41 expla9$1 #aa ,disp5sation1 ,rabb9ic1 f oa?s1 #dcd ,divorce1 ,rabb9ic1 doctr9e (1 #cgc ,drunk5ness all[$ on fea/ ( ,purim1 #dg ,edomites1 ,*ri/ians call$1 #abc ,eleaz>1 ,rabbi1 #f ,elijah1 ! ,prophet1 conv]sation (1 ) ,r4 ,jose1 #cbc ,epicureans1 #d to be kill$1 #cf ,epicurean1 read] 9 synagogue suspect$ ( be+1 #abg ,evasion1 ,rabb9ic1 #hj1 #hc1 #ajg1 #bbe1 #bce ,excommunication = n wa%+ h&s1 #ge ,rabb9ic1 #bci laws conc]n+1 ) respect to ! unle>n$ & le>n$1 #bci inju/ice (1 #bci ,fa/ on ! n9? ( ,av1 #baf ,fa/+1 m]it (1 #bfd ,fire1 n to be ext+ui%$1 #ajb ,flogg+ ( rebellion1 #ii1 #baa1 #bbh1 #chc1 #chf1 #dbj ,friday1 ,good1 #hg ,g5tile1 :o /udies ! law1 guilty ( dea?1 #bb :o keeps a ,sabba?-day1 guilty ( dea?1 #bb good advice n to be giv5 to1 #cc woman n to be help$ 9 *ild-b$1 #cc n neighb\r1 #cd lo/ prop]ty n to be re/or$ to1 #ce ,daniel puni%$ = giv+ good advice to1 #cc :o wi%es to turn ,jew1 #fc a ,jew n publicly to receive alms f1 #cjf ,sabba? n to be pr(an$ to save a ,g5tile's life1 #bab1 #bad food reg>d$ z c>rion1 #chc food n to be eat51 #chc1 #daf w9e unlawful1 #dai he t /eals f1 only to pay ! pr9cipal1 #cd w9e1 to dr9k1 worse ?an =nication1 #dbd ,g5tiles1 idolatr\s1 to be ext]m9at$1 #db to be conv]t$ by =ce1 #db idolatr\s1 n to be suff]$ 9 ! l& ( ,israel1 #bh ,g5tile1 dr[n+1 n to be deliv]$1 #cj ,g5tiles1 duties t[>ds1 #bd n bre?r51 #bf n neighb\rs1 #bf n to be greet$ except f fe>1 #aj1 #bf1 #bh condemn$ = transgress+ ! comm& ab\t tab]nacles1 #bhh /ill h ! defilem5t ( ! s]p5t1 #aef curs+ !1 on ! fea/ ( ,passov]1 #abj1 #aba1 #abb no pi\s1 n[1 #fg m>riage (1 n b9d+1 #eh & dogs1 #ajg ,g]%om1 ,r41 ana!ma by1 #cff ,h&s1 lay+ on (1 #cbh wa%+ (1 #ga ,hea!n1 :o are n 9 a /ate ( salvation1 #e ,high ,prie/1 an unle>n$ man1 #g ,hil*o? ,accum1 #bh1 #cc ,avadim1 #ba ,avel1 #dbh ,b]a*o?1 #ga1 #gc ,deo?1 #aac ,g5evah1 #cd ,gezelah1 #cd ,giru%91 #cge ,gitt91 #cgd ,iom ,tov1 #aaf ,i%u?1 #cff ,issure ,biah1 #fd ,kiddu% ,ha*ode%1 #ajj ,maakalo? ,asuro?1 #dai ,mamrim1 #cce ,matt'no? ,aniim1 #cjd ,megillah1 #dh ,mikvao?1 #gb ,m'la*im1 #bb1 #be ,p'riah u'r'viah1 #g ,rotzea*1 #cb1 #cc ,sanh$r91 #agb1 #cdb ,%'vuo?1 #dcf ,taani?1 #baf ,talmud ,torah1 #ag1 #adh ,t'phillah1 #b1 #abh ,t'%uvah1 #d1 #bdg ,hillel1 ! eld]1 #ahg ,holyday1 h[ to make fire on1 #ajf ,holydays1 additional1 prescrib$ by ! rabbies1 #ih1 #aja ,j]emiah unju/ly condemn$1 #ac ,jewi%-,g]man1 #bhc ,jews p]secut$ 9 ,spa9 & ,portugal1 #db ,illegitimate1 a le>n$ man takes prec$5ce ( ,high ,prie/1 #g ,intol]ance1 ,talmudic1 #bh-ci ,ioma1 #ai ,jona?an1 son ( ,uzziel1 #ahg ,jo/'s hi/ory1 #abe ,isaac1 m]it ( (f]+1 #bga ,jubilee1 ye> (1 #ff ,judaism ! religion ( ! oral law1 #b & ( ! ,jewi% ,pray]-book1 #b & ,*ri/ianity _c bo? be true1 #c a false religion1 #dfe its au?ors wick$ m51 #dfg ,judgm5t1 ,rabb9ic1 idea ( ! f9al1 #bhg ,k>o1 ,r4 ,joseph1 #ag ,k'hilla? ,%lomoh1 #bhb ,kiddu%91 #ai ,kim*i1 #ic ,leav51 putt+ away (1 #hj ,leg5ds1 #abg-afg ,levi1 family (1 /ill kn[n1 #cab privileges (1 9 ! synagogue1 #cac ,david1 #acd ,levia?an1 leg5d (1 #abh1 c4 ,levites1 scriptural privileges (1 #caa ,lib]ty1 religi\s1 fir/ taught by ,jesus ,*ri/1 #df ,luck1 good1 #ahb ,magic all[$ by ,talmud1 #afh-agd ,maimonides1 #be1 et passim intol]ance1 #bf ,meat1 lawful & unlawful1 #cig 9 milk1 laws conc]n+1 #djd contr>y to ,scripture1 #djd1 #dje ,m$ra% ,rabba1 #aec ,m]it ( ance/ors1 #bhe ,m]it1 doctr9e (1 #bdg1 c4 ,messiah1 already come1 #chg ,miracles1 ,rabb9ic1 #bjc ,mi%na1 recognis$ 9 ,jewi% ,pray]-book1 #c ,mixture1 ,rabb9ic1 comm& (1 #aaf ,muktzeh1 #ajc ,napoleon1 #bd ,new ,ye>1 ,jewi%1 #bdg ,new ,ye>1 judgm5t at1 #bdg pray]s =1 #bfd m]it & advantage ( bl[+ ! horn on1 #bff ,noa*id1 #be1 #da :o !y are1 #ee sev5 comm&m5ts (1 #ef may transgress comm&m5ts1 #eg murd]] (1 n to be put to dea?1 #fb un9t5tionally kill+ a ,jew1 to be put to dea?1 #fa :5 receiv$1 #fg h[ receiv$1 #fh ,oral law oppos$ to ! ,^w ( ,god 9 duty to p>5ts1 #i1 #aj a mix$ sy/em ( good & evil1 #af h[ mu* "t to be devot$ to ! /udy (1 #af wom5 & *ildr5 n to /udy1 #ah p]petual & un*angeable1 #ec precepts (1 giv5 to ,moses1 #afa ,oa?s1 ,rabb9ic disp5sation f1 #dce1 #dej ,p>able ( ,good ,sam>itan illu/rat$1 #bi ,p>5ts1 if 9 captivity1 to be r$eem$ aft] ! ,rabbi1 #i duty to1 accord+ to oral law1 #i ,passov]1 rites (1 #gi ,*ri/ our1 #ia f\r cups (1 #if ,p5teco/ pray]s1 #ade ,pesa*im1 treatise1 #f ,ph>isees1 enemies ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 #i bad m51 #h ,physician1 ,jewi%1 n to cure idolat]s1 #cc ,pirke1 ,eleaz]1 #acg ,planets1 #age ,polygamy1 all[$1 #cff ,poor1 ,rabb9ic1 oppression ( !1 #ig ,rabb9ic religion n = !1 #bcg ,rabb9ic cruelty to1 #dad1 #dbi ,p[]1 ,rabb9ic1 to excommunicate1 #bci ,pray]-book1 ,jewi%1 ackn[l$ges & tea*es ! au?ority ( ! ,talmud1 #b1 #c ,jewi%1 full ( leg5ds1 #abg-afg ,prie/s1 scriptural (fice (1 #caj ,proselytes1 soj\rn+1 #bf h[ to be in/ruct$1 #fc baptism (1 #cjd ,purgatory1 ,rabb9ic1 #bif ,purim1 fea/ (1 #dg ,rabbi1 duty to1 goes be=e duty to p>5ts1 #i1 #aj fe> (1 z ! fe> ( ,god1 #aa rev]5ce due to1 #ae :osoev] despises a1 to be excommunicat$1 #ae n to =give a public affront1 #bdc me?od ( creat+ a1 #cbh ,rabbies n agre$1 #cii1 #djj ,rabb9ic *>ity1 #aab evasion1 #ajg1 #aaj ord]1 novelty (1 #cbh p[] to excommunicate1 #bci ackn[l$gm5ts t ,messiah is born1 #chi-cic ,ramban1 #adb ,rome call$ ,edom1 #abc ,ro% ,ha%anah1 #bih ,saadiah ,gaon1 #afb ,sabba?1 unlawful = a ,g5tile to keep a1 #bb laws (1 #ajd1 #aad-aai spirits _c be cit$ on1 #ada damn$ h re/ on1 #ada ,sabba?-day1 amulets on1 #ahd ,sabba?1 laws conc]n+1 #bhe-bij lamp1 rew>d =1 #bbi mov+ ?+s on1 #bcb m]it ( keep+ !1 #bbd jurisdictions1 #bcb ,salvation1 :o are exclud$ f1 by ! oral law1 #d ,sambation1 #aci ,sanh$r91 n infallible1 #h great c\ncil (1 #afh memb]s (1 magicians1 #afh und]/ood sev5ty languages1 #afh all h&some m51 #aga pill> ( ! oral law1 #cce a lat]1 may rev]se ! decision ( a =m]1 #cce n a ,div9e in/itution1 #ccg ( ,greek orig91 #cda great] & less]1 #cdc bus9ess (1 #cde dea? to ^? :o rebell$ aga9/1 #cdd contr>y to ,scripture1 #cde ,p>isian1 #cff ,satan deceiv$ by ! bl[+ ( ! horn 9 ! mon? ( ,elul1 #bff ,scapegoat1 #bhj ,s*oolma/]s1 ,rabb9ic1 #cae ,scripture1 wom5 n b\nd to /udy1 #ah n to be /udi$ s mu* z ! ,talmud1 #af :5 n to be /udi$ at all1 #ag ,seph] ,jetzirah1 #aha ,s*ul*an ,aru*1 #g ,s9ai1 #afc ,slaught]+1 laws conc]n+1 #chj laws (1 #cif ,slaves exempt f ! duty ( /udy+ ! law ( ,god1 #ag unlawful to tea*1 #ba reg>d$ z bea/s1 #dca ,s\ls ( all ,israel at ,s9ai1 #aeb ,sotah1 #gf ,/>s1 influ5ce (1 #age ,/udy ( ! law equival5t to all ! comm&m5ts1 #ea ,tab]nacles1 fea/ (1 #bhg m]it (1 #bhg pray]s = ! fea/ (1 #bie ,talmud1 recognis$ 9 ,jewi% ,pray]-book1 #c leg5ds (1 #abh1 #afg ,tradition1 ,rabb9ic argum5t = ov]?r[1 #aa no unbrok5 tra9 (1 #cej ,treatise1 ,avodah ,z>ah1 #bia ,bava ,ba?ra1 #ahg ,b]a*o?1 #afa ,gitt91 #aib ,mo$ ,katon1 #age ,%abba?1 #aeg ,succah1 #ahj ,z'va*91 #aej ,turnus ,rufus1 #adj1 #baf ,unle>n$ man1 lawful to kill1 #f ! wives & daught]s (1 n to be tak5 z wives1 #f to be acc\nt$ z bea/s1 #f man1 unlawful =1 to eat meat1 #g ,van ,ov51 ,jo%ua1 ,esq41 ,manual ( ,judaism1 #dfe ,v5us planet1 #agg ,wa%+ ( h&s1 #ga to neglect1 z bad z =nication1 #gf :o neglects1 excommunicat$1 #ge ,w9e1 ,g5tile1 unlawful1 #dai ,woman1 insane1 to be turn$ out1 #cgg ,wom51 exempt f ! duty to /udy ! law1 #ag d n receive ! same rew>d z a man1 #ah n to be taught ! law1 #ah m9ds (1 n equal to ! /udy ( ! law1 #ah comm& ( ,moses1 respect+1 #ba duties (1 prescrib$ 9 ,new ,te/am5t1 #bb ,rabb9ic degradation (1 #cei _c give te/imony1 #cfj n reg>d$ z "p ( ! congregation1 #cfa ,_w to come1 :o are exclud$ f1 #d all ,israel has a %>e 91 #fd ,rabb9ic op9ions ab\t1 #abi ,pr9t$ at ! ,op]ative ,in/itution1 ,pale/9e ,place1 ,be?nal ,gre51 ,london4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text t 0 9 italics is enclos$ by und]scores 7italics74 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to foll[ ! *apt]s 9 :i* !y are ref]5c$4