,,?\ghts    ,,^u    ,,slav]y4      ,,!  
,,fif? ,,edition4      ,by ,,john       
,,wesley1 ,a4 ,m4      ,illu/ration     
,,london3    ,pr9t$ by ,g4 ,,p>amore1   
,nor? ,gre51 ,wor%ip-,/reet2  & sold by 
,g4 ,:itfield1 at ! ,*apel1 ,city-,road2
 & at !  ,me?odi/ ,prea*+-,h\ses1 9 ,t[n
 & ,c\ntry4 #agib4    ,price            
,,two-,,p5ce4          ,i4 #a4 ,by      
,slav]y ,i mean ,dome/ic ,slav]y1 or t (
 a s]vant to  a ma/]4 ,a late +5i\s     
,writ] well obs]ves1 8,! v>iety (  =ms 9
 :i* ,slav]y appe>s1 makes x almo/      
impossible to convey  a j notion ( x1 by
 way ( def9ition4 ,!re are h[ev] c]ta9  
prop]ties :i* h accompani$ ,slav]y 9 mo/
 places1 :]eby x is  easily di/+ui%$ f t
 mild dome/ic s]vice :i* obta9s 9  our  
c\ntry40#a    #a ,see ,mr4 ,h>grave's   
,plea = ,som]set ! ,negro4    #b4       
,slav]y imports an obligation ( p]petual
 s]vice1 an obligation  :i* only !      
cons5t ( ! ma/] c dissolve4 ,nei!r 9 "s 
c\ntries c ! ma/] himself dissolve x1   
)\t ! cons5t (  judges appo9t$ by ! law4

 ,x g5]ally gives ! ma/] an arbitr>y    
p[] ( any correction1 n affect+ life or 
limb4 ,sometimes ev5  ^! are expos$ to 8
 w3 or protect$ only by a f9e1 or "s    
slight puni%m5t1 too inconsid]able to   
re/ra9 a ma/] ( a h>%  temp]4 ,x creates
 an incapacity ( acquir+ any ?+1 except 
=  ! ma/]'s b5efit4 ,x all[s ! ma/] to  
ali5ate ! ,slave1 9  ! same mann] z 8   
c[s & horses4 ,la/ly x desc5ds 9 its    
full  ext5t f p>5t to *ild1 ev5 to ! la/
 g5]ation4    #c4 ,! beg9n+ ( ?is may be
 dat$ f ! remote/ p]iod1 (  :i* we h an 
acc\nt 9 hi/ory4 ,x comm5c$ 9 ! b>b>\s  
,/ate ( ,society1 & 9 process ( "t      
spread into all nations4 ,x  prevail$   
p>ticul>ly among ! ,jews1 ! ,greeks1 !  
,romans1  & ! anci5t ,g]mans3 & 0       
transmitt$ by !m to ! v>i\s  k+doms &   
/ates1 :i* arose out ( ! ,roman empire4 
,b aft]  *ri/ianity prevail$1 x         
gradually fell into decl9e 9 almo/ all  
p>ts ( ,europe4 ,?is great *ange began 9
 ,spa91 ab\t ! end (  ! eigh? c5tury3 & 
0 become g5]al 9 mo/ o!r k+doms (       

,europe1 be=e ! middle ( ! f\rte5?4     
#d4 ,f ?is "t ,slav]y 0 ne>ly ext9ct1   
till ! comm5cem5t  ( ! sixte5? c5tury1  
:5 ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 & ( !  ,we/]n &
 ,ea/]n coa/s ( ,africa1 gave occasion  
to ! revival  ( x4 ,x took its rise f ! 
,portuguese1 :o to supply !  ,spani>ds )
 m51 to cultivate _! new possessions 9  
,am]ica1  procur$ ,negroes f ,africa1   
:om !y sold = ,slaves to !  ,am]ican    
,spani>ds4 ,?is began 9 ! ye> #aejh1 :5 
!y import$  ! fir/ ,negroes into        
,hispaniola4 ,9 #aedj1 ,*>les ! fif?1 !n
  ,k+ ( ,spa91 det]m9$ to put an end to 
,negro-,slav]y3 giv+  positive ord]s1 ,t
 all ! ,negro-,slaves 9 ! ,spani%       
dom9ions  %\ld be set free4 ,& ?is 0    
accord+ly done by ,lagasca1 :om  he s5t 
& imp[]$ to free !m all1 on condition ( 
cont9u+ to  lab\r = _! ma/]s4 ,b soon   
aft] ,lagasca return$ to ,spa91  ,slav]y
 return$ & fl\ri%$ z be=e4 ,aft]w>ds o!r
 nations1 z  !y acquir$ possessions 9   
,am]ica1 foll[$ ! examples ( !          
,spani>ds2 & ,slav]y has tak5 deep root 

9 mo/ ( our ,am]ican  colonies4    ,,ii4
 ,su* is ! nature ( ,slav]y3 su* !      
beg9n+ ( ,negro-,slav]y  9 ,am]ica4 ,b  
"s may desire to "k1 :at c\ntry x is1 f 
:i* ! ,negroes are br\ght8 ,:at sort (  
m51 ( :at temp] &  behavi\r are !y 9 _! 
own c\ntry8 ,& 9 :at mann] !y are       
g5]ally procur$1 c>ri$ to1 & treat$ 9   
,am]ica8    #a4 ,& fir/1 ,:at k9d (     
c\ntry is t f :5ce !y are  br\ght8 ,is x
 s rem>kably horrid1 dre>y & b>r51 t x  
is a  k9dness to deliv] !m out ( x8 ,i  
believe _m h appreh5d$ s3  b x is an    
entire mi/ake1 if we may give cr$it to  
^? :o h  liv$ _m ye>s !re91 & c\ld h no 
motive to misrepres5t x4    #b4 ,t "p ( 
,africa :5ce ! ,negroes are br\ght1     
commonly kn[n  by ! "n ( ,gu9ea1 ext5ds 
along ! coa/1 9 ! :ole1 betwe5  ?ree &  
f\r ?\s& miles4 ,f ! riv] ,s5egal1      
7sev5te5  degrees ,nor? ( ! l9e7 to     
,cape ,si]ra ,leona1 x conta9s sev5     
hundr$ miles4 ,!nce x runs ,ea/w>d ab\t 
fifte5 hundr$ miles1  includ+ !         
,gra9-coa/1 ! ,ivory-coa/1 ! ,gold-coa/1

 &  ! ,slave-coa/1 ) ! l>ge k+dom (     
,b594 ,f !nce x  runs ,s\?w>d1 ab\t     
twelve hundr$ miles1 & conta9s ! k+doms 
( ,congo & ,angola4    #c4 ,conc]n+ !   
fir/1 ! ,s5egal coa/1 ,mons4 ,b5e1 :o   
liv$  !re sixte5 ye>s1 aft] describ+ its
 fruitfulness ne> !  sea1 says1 8,! f>!r
 y g f ! sea1 ! m fruitful &            
well-improv$ is ! c\ntry1 ab\nd+ 9      
pulse1 ,indian corn1 &  v>i\s fruits4   
,"h are va/ mead[s1 :i* fe$ l>ge h]ds ( 
great  & small cattle4 ,& ! villages :i*
 lie ?ick1 %ew ! c\ntry  is well        
peopl$40 ,& aga93 8,i 0 surpriz$1 to see
 ! l& s well  cultivat$2 sc>ce a spot   
lay unimprov$3 ! l[ l&s divid$ by  small
 canals1 7 all s[$ ) rice3 ! high]      
gr\nds 7 plant$  ) ,indian corn1 & peas 
( diff]5t sorts4 ,_! beef is excell5t2  
p\ltry pl5ty1 & v *eap1 z are all !     
necess>ies ( life40    #d4 ,z to ! ,gra9
 & ,ivory-coa/1 we le>n f eye-witnesses1
  t ! soil is 9 g5]al f]tile1 produc+   
abundance ( rice &  roots4 ,indigo &    
cotton ?rive )\t cultivation4 ,fi% is 9 

great  pl5ty2 ! flocks & h]ds are       
num]\s1 & ! trees load5 )  fruit4    #e4
 ,! ,gold-coa/ & ,slave-coa/1 all :o h  
se5 x agree1 is  exce$+ fruitful &      
pleasant1 produc+ va/ quantities ( rice 
&  o!r gra91 pl5ty ( fruit & roots1     
palm-w9e & oil1 & fi% 9  great          
abundance1 ) mu* tame & wild cattle4 ,! 
v same acc\nt  is giv5 u ( ! soil &     
produce ( ! k+doms ( ,b591 ,congo  &    
,angola4 ,f :i* x appe>s1 t ,gu9ea 9    
g5]al1 is f>  f a horrid1 dre>y1 b>r5   
c\ntry1 is "o ( ! mo/ fruitful1  z well 
z ! mo/ pleasant c\ntries 9 ! kn[n _w4  
,x is said  inde$ to be unheal?y4 ,& s x
 is to /rang]s1 b p]fectly  heal?y to ! 
native inhabitants4    #f4 ,su* is !    
c\ntry f :i* ! ,negroes are br\ght4 ,we 
come next  to enquire1 ,:at sort ( m5 !y
 are1 ( :at temp] & behavi\r1  n 9 our  
plantations1 b 9 _! native c\ntry4 ,& "h
 likewise  ! sure/ way is to take our   
acc\nt f eye & e>-witnesses4 ,n[  ^? :o 
h liv$ 9 ! ,s5egal c\ntry obs]ve1 x is  
inhabit$  by ?ree nations1 ! ,jal(s1    

,fulis & ,m&+os4 ,! k+  ( ! ,jal(s has  
"u him sev]al ,m9i/]s1 :o assi/ 9 !     
ex]cise ( ju/ice1 ! ,*ief ,ju/ice goes 9
 circuit ?r\gh all  8 dom9ions1 to he>  
compla9ts & det]m9e controv]sies4 ,&  ! 
,vic]oy goes ) him1 to inspect !        
behavi\r ( ! ,alkadi1  or ,gov]nor ( ea*
 village4 ,! ,fulis are gov]n$ by _!    
*ief  m51 :o rule ) mu* mod]ation4 ,few 
( !m w dr9k any ?+  /rong] ?an wat]1 be+
 /rict ,mahometans4 ,! gov]nm5t is      
easy1 because ! p are ( a quiet & good  
disposition2 & s  well in/ruct$ 9 :at is
 "r1 t a man :o wrongs ano!r is !       
abom9ation ( all4--,!y desire no m l&   
?an !y use1 :i* !y  cultivate ) great   
c>e & indu/ry3 if any ( !m are kn[n to  
be  made ,slaves by ! :ite m52 !y all   
jo9 to r$eem !m4 ,!y n  only support all
 t are old1 or bl9d1 or lame among      
!mselves3 b  h frequ5tly suppli$ !      
necessities ( ! ,m&+os1 :5 !y  7 di/re/ 
by fam9e4    #g4 ,! ,m&+os1 says ,mons4 
,brue1 are "r ,mahometans1 dr9k+  nei!r 
w9e nor br&y4 ,!y are indu/ri\s &       

labori\s1 keep+  _! gr\nd well          
cultivat$1 & bre$+ a good /ock ( cattle4
  ,e t[n has a ,gov]nor1 & he appo9ts ! 
lab\r ( ! p4  ,! m5 "w ! gr\nd design$ =
 corn2 ! wom5 & girls1 !  rice-gr\nd4   
,he aft]w>ds divides ! corn & rice1     
among !m3  & decides all qu>rels1 if any
 arise4 ,all ! ,mahometan ,negroes      
con/antly g to public pray]s ?rice a    
day3 !re be+ a ,prie/ 9  e village1 :o  
regul>ly calls !m toge!r3 & x is        
surpris+  to see ! mode/y1 att5tion &   
rev]5ce :i* !y obs]ve dur+  _!          
wor%ip--,^! ?ree nations practise sev]al
 trades2 !y h  ,smi?s1 ,sadl]s1 ,pott]s 
& ,weav]s4 ,& !y are v +5i\s  at _!     
sev]al occupations4 ,_! ,smi?s n only   
make all !  in/rum5ts ( iron1 :i* !y h  
occasion to use1 b likewise "w  _m ?+s  
neatly 9 gold & silv]4 ,x is *iefly !   
wom5 &  *ildr5 :o weave f9e cotton clo?1
 :i* !y dye blue & black4    #h4 ,x 0 ( 
^! p>ts ( ,gu9ea1 t ,mons4 ,adanson1    
,correspond5t ( ! ,royal ,academy (     
,sci5ces at ,p>is1 f  #agdi1 to #agec1  

gives ! foll[+ acc\nt1 bo? z to ! c\ntry
  & p1 8,:i* way soev] ,i turn$ my eyes1
 ,i beheld a p]fect  image ( pure       
nature3 an agreeable solitude1 b\nd$ on 
e side by  a *>m+ l&scape2 ! rural      
situation ( cottages1 9 ! mid/  ( trees2
 ! ease & quietness ( ! ,negroes1 recl9$
 "u !  %ade ( ! spread+ foliage1 ) !    
simplicity ( _! dress &  mann]s3 ! :ole 
reviv$ 9 my m9d ! idea ( our fir/ p>5ts1
  & ,i seem$ to contemplate ! _w 9 its  
primitive /ate4 ,!y are1  g5]ally       
speak+1 v good natur$1 sociable &       
oblig+4 ,i 0  n a little pleas$ ) my    
fir/ reception1 & x fully conv9c$  me1 t
 !re ought to be a consid]able abatem5t 
made1 9 !  acc\nts we h ( ! savage "* ( 
! ,africans40 ,he adds1  8,x is amaz+ t 
an illit]ate p %\ld reason s p]t95tly   
conc]n+ ! heav5ly bodies4 ,!re is no    
d\bt1 b t ) prop]  in/rum5ts1 !y w\ld   
become excell5t a/ronom]s40    #i4 ,!   
inhabitants ( ! ,gra9 & ,ivory-coa/ are 
repres5t$  by ^? t deal ) !m1 z s5sible1
 c\rte\s1 & ! faire/  trad]s on ! coa/s 

( ,gu9ea4 ,!y r>ely dr9k to excess3 if  
any  d !y are sev]ely puni%$ by ! ,k+'s 
ord]4 ,!y are seldom  tr\bl$ ) w>3 if a 
diff]5ce happ5 betwe5 two nations1 !y   
commonly end ! dispute amicably4    #aj4
 ,! inhabitants ( ! ,gold & ,slave-coa/ 
likewise1 :5 !y  are n artfully inc5s$  
aga9/ ea* o!r1 live 9 great union &     
fri5d%ip1 be+ g5]ally well temp]$1      
civil1 tractable1 & ready  to help any t
 ne$ x4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! natives ( ! k+dom
  ( ,:idah1 are civil1 k9d1 & oblig+ to 
/rang]s4 ,& !y are  ! mo/ g5tleman-l (  
all ! ,negroes1 ab\nd+ 9 good mann]s    
t[>d ea* o!r4 ,! inf]iors pay ! utmo/   
respect to _!  sup]iors3 s wives to _!  
husb&s1 *ildr5 to _! p>5ts4 ,&  !y are  
rem>kably indu/ri\s2 all are con/antly  
employ$2 ! m5  9 agriculture1 ! wom5 9  
sp9n+ & weav+ cotton4    #aa4 ,! ,gold &
 ,slave-coa/s are divid$ into sev]al    
di/ricts1  "s gov]n$ by ,k+s1 o!rs by ! 
pr9cipal m51 :o take c>e  ea* ( _! own  
t[n or village1 & prev5t or appease     
tumults4  ,!y puni% murd] & adult]y     

sev]ely2 v frequ5tly ) dea?4  ,!ft &    
robb]y are puni%$ by a f9e              
proportionable to ! goods  t 7          
tak54--,all ! natives ( ?is coa/1 ?\gh  
hea!ns1  believe !re is "o ,god1 !      
,au?or ( !m & all ?+s4 ,!y  appe>       
likewise to h a confus$ appreh5sion ( a 
future /ate4 ,&  accord+ly e t[n &      
village has a place ( public wor%ip4--,x
  is rem>kable t !y h no begg>s among   
!m2 su* is ! c>e (  ! *ief m51 9 e city 
& village1 to provide "s easy lab\r1    
ev5 = ! old & weak4 ,"s are employ$ 9   
bl[+ ! ,smi?'s  bell[s2 o!rs 9 press+   
palm-oil2 o!rs 9 gr9d+ ( col\rs4 ,if  !y
 are too weak ev5 = ?is1 !y sell        
provisions 9 ! m>ket4    #ab4 ,! natives
 ( ! k+dom ( ,b59 are a reasonable &    
good-natur$ p4 ,!y are s9c]e &          
in(f5sive1 & d no  inju/ice ei!r to "o  
ano!r or to /rang]s4 ,!y are em95tly    
civil & c\rte\s3 if y make !m a pres5t1 
!y endeav\r to  repay x d\ble4 ,& if !y 
are tru/$1 till ! %ip returns !  next   
ye>1 !y are sure hone/ly to pay ! :ole  

debt4 ,!ft is  puni%$ among !m1 al?\gh n
 ) ! same sev]ity z murd]4  ,if a man & 
woman ( any quality1 are tak5 9 adult]y1
 !y are  c]ta9 to be put to dea?1 & _!  
bodies ?r[n on a dunghill1 &  left a    
prey to wild bea/s4 ,!y are punctually j
 & hone/ 9  _! deal+s2 & are also v     
*>itable3 ! ,k+ & ! great  ,lords tak+  
c>e to employ all t are capable ( any   
"w4 ,& ^?  t are utt]ly helpless !y keep
 = ,god's sake2 s t "h also  are no     
begg>s4 ,! inhabitants ( ,congo &       
,angola are g5]ally  a quiet p4 ,!y     
discov] a good und]/&+1 & behave 9 a    
fri5dly mann] to /rang]s1 be+ ( a mild  
temp] & an affable  c>riage4----,^u !   
:ole !re=e ! ,negroes :o inhabit !  coa/
 ( ,africa1 f ! riv] ,s5egal to ! ,s\!rn
 b\nds  ( ,angola1 are s f> f be+ !     
/upid1 s5seless1 bruti%1  lazy b>b>ians1
 ! fi]ce1 cruel1 p]fidi\s ,savages !y h 
be5  describ$1 t on ! contr>y1 !y are   
repres5t$ by !m :o h  no motive to      
flatt] !m1 z rem>kably s5sible1 consid]+
 ! few  advantages !y h = improv+ _!    

und]/&+3 z indu/ri\s  to ! highe/       
degree1 p]haps m s ?an any o!r natives (
 s  w>m a climate3 z fair1 j & hone/ 9  
all _! deal+s1 unless  :]e :ite m5 h    
taught !m to be o!rwise3 & z f> m mild1 
fri5dly & k9d to /rang]s1 ?an any ( our 
=efa!rs 74 ,our  =efa!rs6 ,:]e %all we  
f9d at ?is day1 among ! fair-fac$       
natives ( ,europe1 a nation g5]ally     
practis+ ! ju/ice1 m]cy1  & tru?1 :i*   
are f\nd among ^! poor ,africans8       
,suppose !  prec$+ acc\nts are true1    
7:i* ,i see no reason or pret5ce to     
d\bt (17 & we may leave ,engl& &        
,france1 to seek g5u9e  hone/y 9 ,b591  
,congo1 or ,angola4    ,,iii4 ,we h n[  
se5 :at k9d ( c\ntry x is1 f :i* !      
,negroes are br\ght3 & :at sort ( m5    
7ev5 :ite m5 be+ !  judges7 !y 7 9 _!   
own c\ntry4 ,enquire we1 ?irdly1 ,9  :at
 mann] are !y g5]ally procur$1 c>ri$ to1
 & treat$ 9  ,am]ica4    #a4 ,fir/4 ,9  
:at mann] are !y procur$8 ,"p ( !m by   
fraud4  ,capta9s ( %ips f "t to "t1     
invit$ ,negroes to come on bo>d1  & !n  

c>ri$ !m away4 ,b f> m h be5 procur$ by 
=ce4  ,! ,*ri/ians l&+ ^u _! coa/s1     
seiz$ z _m z !y f\nd1  m51 wom5 &       
*ildr51 & transport$ !m to ,am]ica4 ,x 0
  ab\t #aeea1 t ! ,engli% began trad+ to
 ,gu9ea3 at fir/1 =  gold & ,elephant's 
tee?1 b soon aft]1 = m54 ,9 #aeef1 ,sir 
,john  ,hawk9s sail$ ) two %ips to ,cape
 ,v]d1 :]e he s5t eighty m5  on %ore to 
cat* ,negroes4 ,b ! natives fly+1 !y    
fell f>!r  d[n1 & !re set ! m5 on %ore1 
8to burn _! t[ns & take !  inhabitants40
 ,b !y met ) su* resi/ance1 t !y _h sev5
  m5 kill$1 & took b t5 ,negroes4 ,s !y 
w5t /ill f>!r d[n1  till hav+ tak5      
en\gh1 !y proce$$ to ! ,we/-,indies &   
sold  !m4    #b4 ,x 0 "s "t be=e !      
,europeans f\nd a m comp5di\s  way (    
procur+ ,african ,slaves1 by prevail+ ^u
 !m to make w>  ^u ea* o!r1 & to sell _!
 prison]s4 ,till !n !y seldom _h  any   
w>s3 b 7 9 g5]al quiet & peaceable4 ,b !
 :ite m5  fir/ taught !m drunk5ness &   
av>ice1 & !n hir$ !m to sell  "o ano!r4 
,nay1 by ?is means1 ev5 _! ,k+s are     

induc$ to sell  _! own subjects4 ,s ,mr4
 ,moore 7,factor ( ! ,african ,company 9
  #agcj7 in=ms u1 8,:5 ! ,k+ ( ,b>salli 
wants goods or br&y1  he s5ds to !      
,engli% ,gov]nor at ,james' ,=t1 :o     
imm$iately  s5ds a sloop4 ,aga9/ ! "t x 
arrives1 he plund]s "s ( 8  neighb\rs'  
t[ns1 sell+ ! p = ! goods he wants4 ,at 
o!r  times he falls ^u "o ( 8 own t[ns1 
& makes bold to sell 8  own subjects40  
,s ,mons4 ,brue says1 8,i wrote to !    
,k+0 7n !  same7 8if he _h a suffici5t  
numb] ( slaves ,i w\ld treat )  him4 ,he
 seiz$ ?ree hundr$ ( 8 own p1 & s5t ^w  
he 0  ready to deliv] !m = goods40 ,he  
adds1 8,"s ( ! natives are  always      
ready0 7:5 well paid7 8to surprize &    
c>ry (f _! own  c\ntrym54 ,!y come at   
night )\t noise1 & if !y f9d any  lone  
cottage1 surr\nd x & c>ry (f all !      
p40--,b>bot1  7ano!r ,fr5* ,factor7     
says1 8,_m ( ! ,slaves sold by !        
,negroes  are prison]s ( w>1 or tak5 9 !
 incursions !y make into _!  enemy's    
t]ritories4 ,o!rs are /ol54 ,abundance (

 little ,blacks (  bo? sexes1 are /ol5  
away by _! neighb\rs1 :5 f\nd abroad on 
! road1 or 9 ! woods1 or else 9 !       
corn-fields1 at ! "t  ( ye> :5 _! p>5ts 
keep !m !re all day to sc>e away !      
dev\r+ birds40 ,t _! own p>5ts sell !m1 
is utt]ly false3  ,:ites n ,blacks1 are 
)\t natural affection6    #c4 ,to set ! 
mann] :]e9 ,negroes are procur$ 9 a yet 
/rong]  light1 x w suffice to give an   
extract ( two voyages to ,gu9ea on  ?is 
acc\nt4 ,! fir/ is tak5 v]batim f !     
orig9al manuscript  ( ! ,surgeon's      
,j\rnal4    8,,se/ro1 ,dec4 #bi1 #agbd4 
,no trade to-day1 ?\gh _m trad]s came on
  bo>d4 ,!y in=m$ u1 t ! p are gone to  
w> )9 l&1  & w br+ prison]s en\gh 9 two 
or ?ree days2 9 hopes ( :i*  we /ay4    
8,! #cj?4 ,no trade yet3 b our trad]s   
came on bo>d to-day1 &  in=m$ u ! p _h  
burnt f\r t[ns3 s t to-morr[ we  expect 
slaves (f4    8,! #ca/1 ,fair wea!r2 b  
no trad+ yet4 ,we see ea* night t[ns    
burn+4 ,b we he> _m ( ! ,se/ro m5 are   
kill$ by ! inl&  ,negroes3 s t we fe>   

?is w> w be unsuccessful4    8,! second 
( ,janu>y4 ,la/ night we saw a prodigi\s
 fire break out  ab\t elev5 o'clock1 &  
?is morn+ see ! t[n ( ,se/ro burnt  d[n 
to ! gr\nd40 7,x conta9$ "s hundr$      
h\ses47 8,s t we  f9d _! enemies are too
 h>d = !m at pres5t1 & consequ5tly  our 
trade spoil$ "h4 ,!re=e ab\t sev5       
o'clock we weigh$  an*or1 to proce$ l[] 
d[n40    #d4 ,! second ,extract tak5 f !
 ,j\rnal ( a ,surgeon1 :o w5t  f        
,new-,york on ! same trade1 is z foll[s4
 8,! ,comm&] ( !  vessel s5t to acqua9t 
! ,k+1 t he want$ a c>go ( slaves4 ,!   
,k+ promis$ to furni% him1 & 9 ord] to  
x1 set out1 design+ to  surprize "s t[n1
 & make all ! p prison]s4 ,"s "t aft]1  
! ,k+ s5t him ^w1 he _h n yet met ) !   
desir$ success3  hav+ attempt$ to break 
up two t[ns1 b hav+ be5 twice repuls$3  
b t he /ill hop$ to procure ! numb] (   
,slaves4 ,9 ?is design  he p]si/$1 till 
he met 8 enemies 9 ! field4 ,a battle 0 
f\ght1 :i* la/$ ?ree days4 ,& !         
engagem5t 0 s bloody1 t  f\r ?\s& five  

hundr$ m5 7 sla9 ^u ! spot40----,su* is 
! mann] :]e9 ! ,negroes are procur$6    
,?us ! ,*ri/ians prea*  ! ,gospel to !  
,hea!ns6    #e4 ,?us !y are procur$4 ,b 
9 :at numb]s & 9 :at mann] are  !y c>ri$
 to ,am]ica8----,mr4 ,&]son 9 8 hi/ory (
 ,trade  & ,comm]ce1 obs]ves1 8,engl&   
supplies h] ,am]ican ,colonies  )       
,negro-slaves1 am\nt+ 9 numb] to ab\t a 
hundr$ ?\s&  e ye>40 ,t is1 s _m are    
tak5 on bo>d our %ips2 b at  lea/ t5    
?\s& ( !m die 9 ! voyage3 ab\t a f\r? "p
 m  die at ! diff]5t ,isl&s1 9 :at is   
call$ ! ,season+4 ,s t  at an av]age1 9 
! passage & season+ toge!r1 ?irty ?\s&  
die3 t is1 prop]ly are murd]$4 ,o e>?1  
,o sea1 cov] n ?\  _! blood6    #f4 ,:5 
!y are br\ght d[n to ! %ore 9 ord] to be
 sold1 our  ,surgeons ?or\ghly exam9e   
!m1 & t q nak$1 wom5 & m51  )\t any     
di/9ction3 ^? t are approv$ are set on  
"o side4  ,9 ! mean "t a burn+ iron1 ) !
 arms or "n ( ! ,company1  lies 9 !     
fire1 ) :i* !y are m>k$ on ! brea/4     
,be=e !y  are put into ! %ips1 _! ma/]s 

/rip !m ( all !y h on  _! backs3 s t !y 
come on bo>d />k nak$1 wom5 z well  z   
m54 ,x is common = sev]al hundr$ ( !m to
 be put on bo>d  "o vessel3 :]e !y are  
/[$ toge!r 9 z little room z x is       
possible = !m to be cr[d$4 ,x is easy to
 suppose :at a condition  !y mu/ soon be
 91 betwe5 heat1 ?ir/ & /5* ( v>i\s     
k9ds4  ,s t x is no wond]1 s _m %\ld die
 9 ! passage2 b r  t any survive x4     
#g4 ,:5 ! vessels arrive at _! de/9$    
port1 ! ,negroes are  aga9 expos$ nak$1 
to ! eyes ( all t flock toge!r1 &  !    
exam9ation ( _! pur*as]s2 !n !y are     
sep>at$ to !  plantations ( _! sev]al   
ma/]s1 to see ea* o!r no m4 ,"h  y may  
see mo!rs hang+ ov] _! daught]s1 b$ew+  
_! nak$  brea/s ) te>s1 & daught]s cl++ 
to _! p>5ts1 till !  :ipp] soon obliges 
!m to "p4 ,& :at c be m wret*$ ?an  !   
condition !y !n ent] ^u8 ,bani%$ f _!   
c\ntry1 f  _! fri5ds & relations = ev]1 
f e com=t ( life1 !y  are r$uc$ to a    
/ate sc>ce any way pref]able to t (     
bea/s (  burd54 ,9 g5]al a few roots1 n 

( ! nice/ k9d1 usually yams or          
potatoes1 are _! food1 & two rags1 t    
nei!r scre5 !m f  ! heat ( ! day1 nor ! 
cold ( ! night _! cov]+4 ,_!  sleep is v
 %ort1 _! lab\r cont9ual1 & frequ5tly   
above _!  /r5g?2 s t dea? sets _m ( !m  
at lib]ty1 be=e !y h  liv$ out half _!  
days4 ,! "t !y "w 9 ! ,we/-,indies1 is  
f day-break to noon1 & f two o'clock    
till d>k3 dur+ :i*  "t !y are att5d$ by 
ov]se]s1 :o1 if !y ?9k !m dilatory1  or 
?9k any ?+ n s well done z x %\ld be1   
:ip !m mo/  unm]cifully1 s t y may see  
_! bodies long aft] :eal$ &  sc>r$      
usually f ! %\ld]s to ! wai/4 ,& be=e !y
 are  suff]$ to g to _! qu>t]s1 !y h    
commonly some?+ to  d1 z collect+ h]bage
 = ! horses1 or ga!r+ fewel = !  boil]s4
 ,s t x is (t5 pa/ twelve be=e !y c get 
home4  ,h5ce if _! food is n prep>$1 !y 
are "s times call$ to  lab\r aga91 be=e 
!y c satisfy _! hung]4 ,& no excuse w   
avail4 ,if !y are n 9 ! field           
imm$iately1 !y mu/ expect to  feel !    
la%4 ,did ! ,creator int5d t ! noble/   

creatures 9  ! visible _w1 %\ld live su*
 a life z ?is6 8,are ^! ?y  glori\s     
works1 ,p>5t ( ,good80    #h4 ,z to !   
puni%m5t inflict$ on !m1 says ,sir ,hans
 ,sloan1  8!y frequ5tly geld !m1 or *op 
(f half a foot3 aft] !y are  :ipp$ till 
!y are raw all ov]4 ,"s put pepp] & salt
 ^u  !m3 "s drop melt$ wax ^u _! sk94   
,o!rs cut (f _! e>s1  & con/ra9 !m to   
broil & eat !m4 ,= ,rebellion10 7t is1  
ass]t+ _! native ,lib]ty1 :i* !y h z mu*
 "r to z to  ! air !y brea!7 8!y fa/5 !m
 d[n to ! gr\nd ) crook$  /icks on e    
limb1 & !n apply+ fire by degrees1 to ! 
feet  & h&s1 !y burn !m gradually upw>d 
to ! head40    #i4 ,b w n ! laws made 9 
! plantations1 prev5t or r$ress  all    
cruelty & oppression8 ,we w take b a few
 ( ^? laws = a  specim51 & !n let any   
man judge4    ,9 ord] to rivet ! *a9 (  
slav]y1 ! law ( ,virg9ia orda9s1  8,t no
 slave %all be set free1 ^u any pret5ce 
:atev]1 except  = "s m]itori\s s]vices1 
to be adjudg$ & all[$ by !  ,gov]nor &  
,c\ncil3 & t :]e any slave %all be set  

free by  8 own]1 o!rwise ?an is h]e9    
direct$1 ! ,*ur*-w>d5s ( !  p>i% :]e9   
su* negro %all reside = ! space ( "o    
mon? are  h]eby au?oriz$ & requir$1 to  
take up & sell ! said negro1  by public 
outcry40    #aj4 ,w n ^! ,law-giv]s take
 effectual c>e1 to prev5t cruelty  &    
oppression8    ,! law ( ,jamaica orda9s1
 8,e slave t %all run away1 &  cont9ue  
abs5t f 8 ma/] twelve mon?s1 %all be    
deem$  rebelli\s30 ,& by ano!r law1     
fifty p\nds are all[$1 to ^?  :o kill or
 br+ 9 alive a rebelli\s slave4 ,s _!   
law treats  ^! poor m5 ) z little       
c]emony & consid]ation1 z if !y  7 m]ely
 brute bea/s6 ,b ! innoc5t blood :i* is 
%$ 9  consequ5ce ( su* a dete/able law1 
mu/ call = v5geance on !  murd]\s       
abett]s & actors ( su* delib]ate        
wick$ness4    #aa4 ,b ! law ( ,b>badoes 
exce$s ev5 ?is1 8,if any negro "u       
puni%m5t1 by 8 ma/]1 or 8 ord]1 = runn+ 
away1 or any o!r  crime or misdemeanor1 
%all suff] 9 life or memb]1 no p]son    
:atsoev] %all be liable to any f9e      

!re=e4 ,b if any man1 (  wantonness1 or 
only ( bloody-m9d$ness or cruel         
int5tion1 wilfully  kill a negro ( 8    
own0 7,n[ obs]ve ! sev]e puni%m5t67 8,he
  %all pay into ! public treasury fifte5
 p\nds /]l+6 ,& n be  liable to any o!r 
puni%m5t or =feiture = ! same60         
,ne>ly alli$ to ?is is t law ( ,virg9ia3
 8,aft] proclamation  is issu$ aga9/    
slaves t run away1 x is lawful = any    
p]son  :atsoev] to kill & de/roy su*    
slaves1 by su* ways & means z  he %all  
?9k fit40    ,we h se5 already "s ( !   
ways & means :i* h be5  ?\ght fit on su*
 occasions4 ,& _m m might be m5tion$4   
,"o ,g5tleman1 :5 ,i 0 abroad1 ?\ght fit
 to roa/ 8 slave  alive6 ,b if ! mo/    
natural act ( 8runn+ away0 f intol]able 
tyranny1 des]ves su* rel5tless sev]ity1 
:at puni%m5t h ^!  ,law-mak]s to expect 
h]eaft]1 on acc\nt ( _! own enorm\s     
(f5ces8    ,,iv4 #a4 ,?is is ! pla91    
unaggravat$ matt] ( fact4 ,su* is !     
mann] :]e9 our ,african slaves are      
procur$3 su* ! mann]  :]e9 !y are remov$

 f _! native l&1 & :]e9 !y are  treat$ 9
 our plantations4 ,i w\ld n[ enquire1   
:e!r ^! ?+s  c be def5d$1 on ! pr9ciples
 ( ev5 hea!n hone/y8 ,:e!r  !y c be     
reconcil$ 7sett+ ! ,bible out ( ! "q7 ) 
any  degree ( ei!r ju/ice or m]cy8      
#b4 ,! gr& plea is1 8,!y are au?oriz$ by
 law40 ,b c law1 ,human  ,law1 *ange !  
nature ( ?+s8 ,c x turn d>kness into    
light1  or evil into good8 ,by no means4
 ,not)/&+ t5 ?\s& laws1  "r is "r1 &    
wrong is wrong /ill4 ,!re mu/ /ill rema9
 an  ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ju/ice &  
inju/ice1 cruelty & m]cy4  ,s t ,i /ill 
ask1 :o c reconcile ?is treatm5t ( !    
negroes1  fir/ & la/1 ) ei!r m]cy or    
ju/ice8    ,:]e is ! ju/ice ( inflict+ !
 sev]e/ evils1 on ^? t  h done u no     
wrong8 ,( depriv+ ^? t nev] injur$ u 9  
^w  or de$1 ( e com=t ( life8 ,( te>+ !m
 f _! native  c\ntry1 & depriv+ !m (    
lib]ty itself8 ,to :i* an ,angolan1  has
 ! same natural "r z an ,engli%man1 & on
 :i* he sets z  high a value8 ,yea1 :]e 
is ! ju/ice ( tak+ away ! lives (       

innoc5t1 in(f5sive m58 ,murd]+ ?\s&s (  
!m 9 _! own  l&1 by ! h&s ( _! own      
c\ntrym53 _m ?\s&s1 ye> aft]  ye>1 on   
%ipbo>d1 & !n ca/+ !m l dung into ! sea6
 ,&  t5s ( ?\s&s 9 t cruel slav]y1 to   
:i* !y are s unju/ly  r$uc$8    #c4 ,b  
wav+1 = ! pres5t1 all o!r consid]ations1
 ,i /rike  at ! root ( ?is complicat$   
villany4 ,i absolutely d5y all          
slave-hold+ to be consi/5t ) any degree 
( natural ju/ice4    ,i _c place ?is 9 a
 cle>] light1 ?an t great ornam5t ( 8   
pr(ession1 ,judge ,black/one has already
 done4 ,"p ( 8 words are  z foll[s3     
8,! ?ree orig9s ( ! "r ( slav]y assign$ 
by ,ju/9ian1  are all built ^u false    
f\ndations4 #a4 ,slav]y is said to arise
  f captivity 9 w>4 ,! conqu]or hav+ a  
"r to ! life (  8 captive1 if he sp>es  
t1 has !n a "r to deal ) !m z  he       
speaks4 ,b ?is is untrue1 if tak5       
g5]ally1 ,t by ! laws  ( nations1 a man 
has a "r to kill 8 enemy4 ,he has only a
 "r  to kill him 9 p>ticul> cases1 9    
cases ( absolute necessity =            

self-def5ce4 ,& x is pla91 ?is absolute 
necessity did n subsi/1  s9ce he did n  
kill him1 b made him prison]4 ,w> itself
 is  ju/ifiable only on pr9ciples (     
self-pres]vation4 ,!re=e x gives  u no  
"r ov] prison]s1 b to h9d] _! hurt+ u by
 conf9+  !m4 ,mu* less c x give a "r to 
torture1 or kill1 or ev5  enslave an    
enemy :5 ! w> is ov]4 ,s9ce !re=e ! "r (
  mak+ our prison]s slaves1 dep5ds on a 
suppos$ "r ( slaught]1  t f\ndation     
fail+1 ! consequ5ce :i* is drawn f x mu/
  fail likewise40    8,x is said        
secondly1 ,slav]y may beg91 by "o man's 
sell+ himself  to ano!r4 ,& x is true1 a
 man may sell himself to "w = ano!r2  b 
he c n sell himself to be a slave1 z    
above def9$4 ,e sale  implies an        
equival5t giv5 to ! sell]1 9 lieu ( :at 
he transf]s  to ! buy]4 ,b :at equival5t
 c be giv5 = life or lib]ty8  ,8 prop]ty
 likewise1 ) ! v price :i* he seems to  
receive1  devolves ipso facto to 8 ma/]1
 ! in/ant he becomes 8 slave3  9 ?is    
case !re=e ! buy] gives no?+4 ,( :at    

validity !n  c a sale be1 :i* de/roys ! 
v pr9ciple ^u :i* all sales  are f\nd$80
    8,we are told1 ,?irdly1 t m5 may be 
born slaves1 by be+ !  *ildr5 ( slaves4 
,b ?is be+ built ^u ! two =m] rights    
mu/ fall toge!r ) !m1 if nei!r          
captivity1 nor contract c  by ! pla9 law
 ( nature & reason1 r$uce ! p>5t to a   
/ate (  slav]y1 mu* less c !y r$uce !   
(fspr+40 ,x cle>ly foll[s1  t all slav]y
 is z irreconcileable to ju/ice z to    
m]cy4    #d4 ,t slave-hold+ is utt]ly   
inconsi/5t ) m]cy1 is almo/  too pla9 to
 ne$ a pro(4 ,inde$ x is said1 8,t ^!   
negroes  be+ prison]s ( w>1 our capta9s 
& factors buy !m1 m]ely to  save !m f   
be+ put to dea?4 ,& is n ?is m]cy80 ,i  
answ]1  #a4 ,did ,sir ,john ,hawk9s1 &  
_m o!rs1 seize ^u m51 wom5 &  *ildr51 :o
 7 at peace 9 _! own fields & h\ses1    
m]ely to  save !m f dea?8 #b4 ,0 x to   
save !m f dea?1 t !y  knock'd out !     
bra9s ( ^? !y c\ld n br+ away8 #c4 ,:o  
occasion$ & fom5t$ ^? w>s1 :]e9 ^! poor 
creatures 7  tak5 prison]s8 ,:o excit$  

!m by money1 by dr9k1 by e possible     
means1 to fall ^u "o ano!r8 ,0 x n      
!mselves8 ,!y "k 9  _! own consci5ce x  
01 if !y h any consci5ce left4 ,b #d4   
,to br+ ! matt] to a %ort issue4 ,c !y  
say be=e ,god1 ,t  !y ev] took a s+le   
voyage1 or b\ght a s+le negro f ?is     
motive8 ,!y _c1 !y well "k1 to get      
money1 n to save lives1  0 ! :ole & sole
 spr+ ( _! motions4    #e4 ,b if ?is    
mann] ( procur+ & te>+ negroes is n     
consi/5t ei!r ) m]cy or ju/ice1 yet !re 
is a plea = x  :i* e man ( bus9ess w    
ackn[l$ge to be q suffici5t4  ,fifty    
ye>s ago1 "o meet+ an em95t /atesman 9 !
 lobby ( !  ,h\se ( ,commons1 said1 8,y 
h be5 long talk+ ab\t ju/ice &  equity1 
,pray :i* is ?is bill8 ,equity or       
ju/ice80 ,he answ]$1 v  %ort1 & pla91   
8,d--n ju/ice3 x is necessity40 ,"h also
 !  slave-hold] fixes 8 foot3 "h he re/s
 ! /r5g? ( 8 cause4  8,if x is n q "r1  
yet x mu/ be s3 !re is an absolute      
necessity = x4 ,x is necess>y we %\ld   
procure slaves3 & :5  we h procur$ !m1 x

 is necess>y to use !m ) sev]ity1       
consid]+ _! /upidity1 /ubbornness &     
wick$ness40    ,i answ]1 ,y /umble at ! 
?re%old3 ,i d5y t villany is ev]        
necess>y4 ,x is impossible t x %\ld ev] 
be necess>y1 =  any reasonable creature 
to violate all ! laws ( ju/ice1 m]cy1  &
 tru?4 ,no circum/ances c make x        
necess>y = a man to bur/  9 sund] all ! 
ties ( humanity4 ,x c nev] be necess>y =
 a  rational be+ to s9k himself bel[ a  
brute4 ,a man c be "u no  necessity1 (  
degrad+ himself into a wolf4 ,!         
absurdity ( !  supposition is s gl>+1 t 
"o w\ld wond] any "o c\ld help  see+ x4 
#f4 ,?is 9 g5]al4 ,b to be m p>ticul>1  
,i ask1 #a4 ,:at is  necess>y8 ,&       
secondly1 ,to :at end8 ,x may be answ]$1
 8,! :ole  me?od n[ us$ by ! orig9al    
pur*as]s ( negroes1 is necess>y to  !   
furni%+ our colonies ye>ly ) a hundr$   
?\s& slaves40 ,i  grant ?is is necess>y 
to t end4 ,b h[ is t end necess>y8  ,h[ 
w y prove x necess>y t "o hundr$1 t "o (
 ^?  slaves %\ld be procur$8 8,:y1 x is 

necess>y to my ga9+ an  hundr$ ?\s&     
p\nds40 ,p]haps s3 b h[ is ?is necess>y8
  ,x is v possible y might be bo? a     
bett] & a happi] man1 if  y _h n a qu>t]
 ( x4 ,i d5y t y\r ga9+ "o ?\s& is      
necess>y1 ei!r to y\r pres5t or et]nal  
happ9ess4 8,b h[ev]  y mu/ all[1 ^!     
slaves are necess>y = ! cultivation (   
our ,isl&s3 inasmu* z :ite m5 are n able
 to lab\r 9 hot  climates40 ,i answ]1   
#a4 ,x 7 bett] t all ^? ,isl&s %\ld     
rema9 uncultivat$ = ev]1 yea1 x 7 m     
desirable t !y  7 altoge!r sunk 9 ! dep?
 ( ! sea1 ?an t !y %\ld  be cultivat$ at
 s high a price1 z ! violation ( ju/ice1
 m]cy  & tru?4 ,b1 secondly1 !          
supposition on :i* y gr\nd y\r  argum5t 
is false4 ,= :ite m51 ev5 ,engli% m51   
are well able  to lab\r 9 hot climates3 
provid$ !y are temp]ate bo? 9 meat  &   
dr9k1 & t !y inure !mselves to x by     
degrees4 ,i speak  no m ?an ,i "k by    
exp]i5ce4 ,x appe>s f ! !rmomet]1  t !  
summ] heat 9 ,georgia1 is frequ5tly     
equal to t 9  ,b>badoes1 yea to t "u !  

l9e4 ,& yet ,i & my family 7eight  9    
numb]7 did employ all our sp>e "t !re1 9
 fell+ ( trees &  cle>+ ( gr\nd1 z h>d  
lab\r z any negro ne$ be employ$ 94  ,! 
,g]man family likewise1 =ty 9 numb]1 7  
employ$ 9 all  mann] ( lab\r4 ,& ?is 0 s
 f> f impair+ our heal?1 t  we all      
cont9u$ p]fectly well1 :ile ! idle ones 
r\nd ab\t u1  7 swept away z ) a        
pe/il5ce4 ,x is n true !re=e t  :ite m5 
are n able to lab\r1 ev5 9 hot climates1
 full z well  z black4 ,b if !y 7 n1 x  
w\ld be bett] t none %\ld  lab\r !re1 t 
! "w %\ld be left undone1 ?an t myriads 
( innoc5t m5 %\ld be murd]$1 & myriads m
 dragg$ into !  base/ slav]y4    #g4 8,b
 ! furni%+ u ) slaves is necess>y1 = !  
trade1 &  weal?1 & glory ( our nation30 
"h are sev]al mi/akes4 ,= #a4  ,weal? is
 n necess>y to ! glory ( any nation2 b  
wisdom1 virtue1  ju/ice1 m]cy1 g5]osity1
 public _s1 love ( our c\ntry4 ,^!  are 
necess>y to ! real glory ( a nation2 b  
abundance ( weal?  is n4 ,m5 ( und]/&+  
all[1 t ! glory ( ,engl& 0  full z high1

 9 ,que5 ,elizabe?'s "t z x is n[3      
al?\gh our  ri*es & trade 7 !n z mu*    
small]1 z our virtue 0 great]4  ,b1     
secondly1 x is n cle>1 t we %\ld h ei!r 
less money  or trade1 7only less ( t    
dete/able trade ( man-/eal+7 if  !re 0 n
 a negro 9 all our ,isl&s1 or 9 all     
,engli% ,am]ica4  ,x is demon/rable1    
:ite m51 inur$ to x by degrees c "w z   
well z !m3 & !y w\ld d x1 7 negroes out 
( ! way1 &  prop] enc\ragem5t giv5 !m4  
,h[ev]1 ?irdly1 ,i come back to !  same 
po9t3 bett] no trade1 ?an trade procur$ 
by villany4 ,x is f>  bett] to h no     
weal?1 ?an to ga9 weal? at ! exp5ce (   
virtue4  ,bett] is hone/ pov]ty1 ?an all
 ! ri*es b\ght by ! te>s1 &  sweat &    
blood ( our fell[-creatures4    #h4     
8,h[ev] ?is be2 x is necess>y :5 we h   
slaves1 to use !m  ) sev]ity40 ,:at1 to 
:ip !m = e petty (f5ce1 till !y  are all
 9 gore blood8 ,to take t opportunity1 (
 rubb+ pepp] &  salt into _! raw fle%8  
,to drop burn+ seal+-wax ^u _! sk98  ,to
 ca/rate !m8 ,to cut (f half _! foot )  

an axe8 ,to hang !m  on gibbets1 t !y   
may die by in*es1 ) heat1 & hung]1 &    
?ir/8 ,to p9 !m d[n to ! gr\nd1 & !n    
burn !m by degrees1  f ! feet1 to !     
head8 ,to roa/ !m alive8--,:5 did a     
,turk or a  ,hea!n f9d x necess>y to use
 a fell[-creature ?us8    ,i pray1 to   
:at end is ?is usage necess>y8 8,:y1 to 
prev5t _!  runn+ away3 & to keep !m     
con/antly to _! lab\r1 t !y  may n idle 
away _! "t4 ,s mis]ably /upid is ?is    
race (  m51 yea1 s /ubborn & s wick$40  
,all[+ !m to be z /upid  z y say1 to :om
 is t /upidity ow+8 ,)\t "q x lies      
altoge!r at ! door ( _! inhuman ma/]s3  
:o give !m no  means1 no opportunity (  
improv+ _! und]/&+3 & inde$  leave !m no
 motive1 ei!r f hope or fe>1 to attempt 
any su*  ?+4 ,!y 7 no way rem>kable =   
/upidity1 :ile !y rema9$  9 _! own      
c\ntry3 ! inhabitants ( ,africa :]e !y h
  equal motives & equal means (         
improvem5t1 are n inf]ior to !          
inhabitants ( ,europe3 to "s ( !m !y are
 greatly sup]ior4  ,imp>tially survey 9 

_! own c\ntry1 ! natives ( ,b591 &  !   
natives ( ,lapl&4 ,comp>e1 7sett+       
prejudice aside7 !  ,samoeids & !       
,angolans4 ,& on :i* side does !        
advantage  lie1 9 po9t ( und]/&+8       
,c]ta9ly ! ,african is 9 no  respect    
inf]ior to ! ,european4 ,_! /upidity    
!re=e 9 our  plantations is n natural2  
o!rwise ?an x is ! natural effect (  _! 
condition4 ,consequ5tly x is n _! fault1
 b y\r's3 y  mu/ answ] = x1 be=e ,god & 
man4    #i4 8,b _! /upidity is n ! only 
reason ( our treat+ !m  ) sev]ity4 ,= x 
is h>d to say1 :i* is ! greate/1 ?is  or
 _! /ubbornness & wick$ness40----,x may 
be s3 ,b d n  ^! z well z ! o!r1 lie at 
y\r door2 are n /ubbornness1  cunn+1    
pilf]+1 & div]s o!r vices1 ! natural1   
necess>y  fruits ( slav]y8 ,is n ?is an 
obs]vation :i* has be5 made1  9 e age & 
nation8----,& :at means h y us$ to      
remove  ?is /ubbornness8 ,h y tri$ :at  
mildness & g5tl5ess w\ld  d8 ,i knew "o 
t did3 t _h prud5ce & pati5ce to make  !
 exp]im5t3 ,mr4 ,hugh ,bryan1 :o !n liv$

 on ! bord]s (  ,s\?-,c>ol9a4 ,& :at 0 !
 effect8 ,:y1 t all 8 negroes  7& he _h 
no small numb] ( !m7 lov$ & rev]5c$ him 
z a  fa!r1 & *e>fully obey$ him out (   
love4 ,yea1 !y 7 m  afraid ( a fr[n f   
him1 ?an ( _m bl[s f an ov]se]4 ,&  :at 
pa9s h y tak51 :at me?od h y us$1 to    
reclaim  !m f _! wick$ness8 ,h y        
c>efully taught !m1    8,t !re is a     
,god1 a wise1 p[]ful1 m]ciful be+1 !    
,creator  & ,gov]nor ( heav5 & e>?8 ,t  
he has appo9t$ a day :]e9  he w judge ! 
_w1 w take an acc\nt ( all our ?\ghts1  
words & actions8 ,t 9 t day he w rew>d e
 *ild ( man  accord+ to 8 works3 t 8!n !
 righte\s %all inh]it !  k+dom prep>$ = 
!m f ! f\ndation ( ! _w3 & !  wick$ %all
 be ca/ into ev]la/+ fire1 prep>$ = !   
devil &  8 angels40 ,if y h n done ?is1 
if y h tak5 no pa9s or  ?\ght ab\t !    
matt]1 c y wond] at _! wick$ness8 ,:at  
wond]1 if !y %\ld cut y\r ?roat8 ,& if  
!y did1 :om c\ld y  ?ank = x b y\rself8 
,y fir/ act$ ! villa9 9 mak+ !m  slaves1
 7:e!r y /ole !m or b\ght !m47 ,y kept  

!m /upid  & wick$1 by cutt+ !m (f f all 
opportunities ( improv+  ei!r 9 k or    
virtue3 & n[ y assign _! want ( wisdom  
& goodness z ! reason = us+ !m worse ?an
 brute bea/s6    ,v4 #a4 ,x rema9s only 
to make a little application ( ! prec$+ 
obs]vations4--,b to :om %\ld t          
application be made8 ,t may  be> a "q4  
,%\ld we address ourselves to ! public  
at l>ge8  ,:at effect c ?is h8 ,x may   
inflame ! _w aga9/ ! guilty1  b is n    
likely to remove t guilt4 ,%\ld we      
appeal to !  ,engli% nation 9 g5]al8    
,?is also is /rik+ wide2 & is nev]      
likely to procure any r$ress = ! sore   
evil we compla9 (4--,z  little w\ld x 9 
all probability avail1 to apply to !    
,p>liam5t4  ,s _m ?+s1 :i* seem ( great]
 importance lie be=e !m t  !y are n     
likely to att5d to ?is4 ,i !re=e add a  
few words to  ^? :o are m imm$iately    
conc]n$1 :e!r capta9s1 m]*ants  or      
plant]s4    #b4 ,&1 fir/1 to ! capta9s  
employ$ 9 ?is trade4 ,mo/ ( y  "k1 !    
c\ntry ( ,gu9ea3 sev]al p>ts ( x at     

lea/1 betwe5  ! riv] ,s5egal & ! k+dom (
 ,angola4 ,p]haps n[1 by  y\r means1 "p 
( x is become a dre>y uncultivat$       
wild]ness1  ! inhabitants be+ all murd]$
 or c>ri$ away1 s t !re are  none left  
to till ! gr\nd4 ,b y well "k1 h[       
popul\s1 h[  fruitful1 h[ pleasant x 0 a
 few ye>s ago4 ,y "k ! p  7 n /upid1 n  
want+ 9 s5se1 consid]+ ! few means (    
improvem5t !y enjoy$4 ,nei!r did y f9d  
!m savage1 fi]ce1  cruel1 trea*]\s1 or  
unk9d to /rang]s4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y 7  9
 mo/ p>ts1 a s5sible & +5i\s p4 ,!y 7   
k9d &  fri5dly1 c\rte\s & oblig+1 &     
rem>kably fair & j 9 _!  deal+s4 ,su*   
are ! m5 :om y hire _! own c\ntrym51 to 
te>  away f ?is lovely c\ntry2 "p by    
/eal?1 "p by =ce1 "p  made captive 9 ^? 
w>s1 :i* y raise or fom5t on purpose4 ,y
  h se5 !m torn away1 *ildr5 f _! p>5ts1
 p>5ts f  _! *ildr53 husb&s f _! wives1 
wives f _! belov$  husb&s1 bre?r5 &     
si/]s f ea* o!r4 ,y h dragg$ !m  :o _h  
nev] done y any wrong1 p]haps 9 *a9s1 f 
_! native  %ore4 ,y h =c$ !m into y\r   

%ips l an h]d ( sw9e1 !m  :o _h s\ls    
immortal z y\r own3 7only "s ( !m1 leap$
 into  ! sea1 & resolutely /ay$ "u wat]1
 till !y c\ld suff] no  m f y47 ,y h /[$
 !m toge!r z close z ev] !y  c\ld lie1  
)\t any reg>d ei!r to dec5cy or         
conv5i5ce4 ,&  :5 _m ( !m _h be5 poison$
 by f\l air1 or _h sunk "u  v>i\s       
h>d%ips1 y h se5 _! rema9s deliv]$ to ! 
deep1  till ! sea %\ld give up its dead4
 ,y h c>ri$ ! survivors  into ! vile/   
slav]y1 nev] to end b ) life3 su* slav]y
 z is  n f\nd among ! ,turks at ,algi]s1
 no nor among ! ,hea!ns 9  ,am]ica4     
#c4 ,may ,i speak pla9ly to y8 ,i mu/4  
,love con/ra9s me3 love to  y1 z well z 
to ^? y are conc]n$ )4    ,is !re a     
,god8 ,y "k !re is4 ,is he a j ,god8 ,!n
 !re mu/ be  a /ate ( retribution3 a    
/ate :]e9 ! j ,god w rew>d e  man       
accord+ to 8 works4 ,!n :at rew>d w he  
r5d] to y8 ,o  ?9k betimes6 ,be=e y drop
 into et]nity6 ,?9k n[1 ,he %all h      
judgm5t )\t m]cy t ha? %ew$ no m]cy4    
,are y a man8  ,!n y %\ld h a human     

he>t4 ,b h y inde$8 ,:at is y\r  he>t   
made (8 ,is !re no su* pr9ciple z       
compassion !re8 ,d y  nev] feel ano!r's 
pa98 ,h y no sympa?y8 ,no s5se ( human  
woe8 ,no pity = ! mis]able8 ,:5 y saw ! 
fl\ri%+ eyes1  ! heav+ brea/s1 or !     
ble$+ sides & tortur$ limbs ( y\r       
fell[-creatures1 0 y a /one1 or a brute8
 ,did y look ^u !m  ) ! eyes ( a tig]8  
,:5 y squeez$ ! agoniz+ creatures  d[n 9
 ! %ip1 or :5 y ?rew _! poor mangl$     
rema9s into !  sea1 _h y no rel5t+8 ,did
 n "o te> drop f y\r eye1 "o  sigh      
escape f y\r brea/8 ,d y feel no rel5t+ 
n[8 ,if y  d n1 y mu/ g on1 till !      
measure ( y\r iniquities is full4  ,!n w
 ! great ,god deal ) y1 z y h dealt )   
!m1  & require all _! blood at y\r h&s4 
,& at t day x %all be  m tol]able =     
,sodom & ,gomorrah ?an = y6 ,b if y\r   
he>t  does rel5t1 ?\gh 9 a small degree1
 "k x is a call f ! ,god  ( love4 ,&    
to-day1 if y w he> 8 voice1 h>d5 n y\r  
he>t4  ,to-day resolve1 ,god be+ y\r    
help]1 to escape = y\r life4 ,reg>d  n  

money6 ,all t a man ha? w he give = 8   
life6 ,:atev]  y lose1 lose n y\r s\l3  
no?+ c c\nt]vail t loss4  ,imm$iately   
quit ! horrid trade3 at all ev5ts1 be an
 hone/ man4    #d4 ,?is equally conc]ns 
e ,m]*ant1 :o is engag$ 9 !             
,slave-trade4 ,x is y t induce !        
,african villa9 to sell 8  c\ntrym52 & 9
 ord] !reto1 to /eal1 rob1 murd] m51    
wom5 &  *ildr5 )\t numb]3 by enabl+ !   
,engli% villa9 to pay him  = s do+2 :om 
y ov] pay = 8 execrable lab\r4 ,x is y\r
  money1 t is ! spr+ ( all1 t imp[]s him
 to g on3 s t  :atev] he or ! ,african  
does 9 ?is matt]1 is all y\r act &  de$4
 ,& is y\r consci5ce q reconcil$ to ?is8
 ,does x nev]  reproa* y at all8 ,has   
gold entirely bl9d$ y\r eyes1 & /upifi$ 
y\r he>t8 ,c y see1 c y feel no h>m     
!re98 ,is x do+  z y w\ld be done to8   
,make ! case y\r own4 8,ma/]10 said a   
,slave  at ,liv]pool 7to ! ,m]*ant t    
own$ him7 8:at if "s ( my  c\ntrym5 7 to
 come "h1 & take away my mi/ress1 & ma/]
  ,tommy & ma/] ,billy & c>ry !m into   

our c\ntry1 & make  !m slaves1 h[ w\ld y
 l x80 ,8 answ] 0 wor?y ( a man3  8,i w 
nev] buy a slave m :ile ,i live40 ,o let
 8 resolution be  y\r's6 ,h no m any "p 
9 ?is dete/able bus9ess4 ,in/antly      
leave x to ^? unfeel+ wret*es1 8,:o     
laugh at human nature  & compassion60   
,be y a man6 ,n a wolf1 a dev\r] ( !    
human  species6 ,be m]ciful1 t y may    
obta9 m]cy6    #e4 ,& ?is equally       
conc]ns e g5tleman t has an e/ate 9 our 
,am]ican plantations3 yea all           
,slave-hold]s ( :atev] rank &  degree3  
see+ m5-buy]s are exactly on a level )  
m5-/eal]s4  ,inde$ y say1 8,i pay       
hone/ly = my goods3 & ,i am n conc]n$ to
  "k h[ !y are come by03 nay b y are3 y 
are deeply conc]n$  to "k !y are hone/ly
 come by4 ,o!rwise y are p>tak] ) a     
?ief1 & are n a jot hone/] ?an him4 ,b y
 "k1 !y are n  hone/ly come by3 y "k !y 
are procur$ by means1 no?+ ne>  s       
innoc5t z pick+ pockets1 h\se-break+1 or
 robb]y ^u !  high-way4 ,y "k !y are    
procur$ by a delib]ate s]ies ( m        

complicat$ villany1 7( fraud1 robb]y &  
murd]7 ?an 0 ev]  practis$ ei!r by      
,mahometans or ,pagans3 9 p>ticul> by   
murd]s (  all k9ds2 by ! blood ( !      
innoc5t p\r$ ^u ! gr\nd l  wat]4 ,n[ x  
is y\r money t pays ! ,m]*ant1 & ?r\gh  
him  ! ,capta91 & ! ,african but*]s4 ,y 
!re=e are guilty1  yea pr9cipally       
guilty1 ( all ^! frauds1 robb]ies &     
murd]s4 ,y  are ! spr+ t puts all ! re/ 
9 motion3 !y w\ld n /ir  a /ep )\t y3   
!re=e ! blood ( all ^! wret*es1 :o  die 
be=e _! "t1 :e!r 9 ! c\ntry or else:]e1 
lies ^u  y\r head4 ,! blood ( ?y bro!r1 
7=1 :e!r ?\ wilt believe  x or no1 su*  
he is 9 ! sight ( ,him t made him7 crie?
 aga9/  !e f ! e>?1 f ! %ip1 & f !      
wat]s4 ,o1 :atev]  x co/s1 put a /op to 
its cry be=e x be too late3 in/antly1   
at any price1 7 x ! half ( y\r goods1   
deliv] ?yself f  blood-guilt9ess6 ,?y   
h&s1 ?y b$1 ?y furniture1 ?y h\se1  ?y  
l&s are at pres5t /a9$ ) blood4 ,surely 
x is en\gh2  accumulate no m guilt3     
spill no m ! blood ( ! innoc5t6 ,d  n   

hire ano!r to %$ blood3 d n pay him =   
do+ x6 ,:e!r  y are a ,*ri/ian or no1   
%ew y\rself a man6 ,be n m savage ?an  a
 lion or a be>6    #f4 ,p]haps y w say1 
8,i d n buy any ,negroes3 ,i only use   
^? left by my fa!r40 ,s f> is well3 b is
 x en\gh to satisfy  y\r own consci5ce8 
,_h y\r fa!r1 h y1 has any man liv+1 a  
"r to use ano!r z a slave8 ,x _c be1 ev5
 sett+ revelation  aside4 ,x _c be t    
ei!r w>1 or contract1 c give any man su*
  a prop]ty 9 ano!r z he has 9 8 %eep & 
ox54 ,mu* less is x  possible1 t any    
*ild ( man1 %\ld ev] be born a slave4   
,lib]ty  is ! "r ( e human creature1 z  
soon z he brea!s ! vital  air4 ,& no    
human law c deprive him ( t "r1 :i* he  
d]ives  f ! law ( nature4    ,if !re=e y
 h any reg>d to ju/ice1 7to say no?+ (  
m]cy1  nor ! reveal$ law ( ,god7 r5d]   
unto all _! due4 ,give lib]ty to  :om   
lib]ty is due1 t is to e *ild ( man1 to 
e p>tak]  ( human nature4 ,let none s]ve
 y b by 8 own act & de$1 by 8  own      
volunt>y *oice4 ,away ) all :ips1 all   

*a9s1 all compulsion6  ,be g5tle t[>d   
all m51 & see t y inv>iably d unto e    
"o1 z y w\ld he %\ld d unto y4    #g4 ,o
 ?\ ,god ( love1 ?\ :o art lov+ to e    
man1 & ^:  m]cy is ov] all ?y works2 ?\ 
:o art ! ,fa!r ( ! spirits (  all fle%1 
& :o art ri* 9 m]cy unto all2 ?\ :o has 
m+l$ (  "o blood1 all ! nations ^u !    
e>?2 h compassion ^u ^!  outca/s ( m51  
:o are trodd5 d[n z dung ^u ! e>?6      
,arise  & help ^! t h no help]1 ^: blood
 is spilt ^u !  gr\nd l wat]6 ,are n ^! 
also ! "w ( ?9e own h&s1 !  pur*ase ( ?y
 ,son's blood8 ,/ir !m up to cry unto !e
 9 ! l&  ( _! captivity2 & let _!       
compla9t come up be=e !e2 let  x ent]   
into ?y e>s6 ,make ev5 ^? t lead !m away
 captive to  pity !m1 & turn _!         
captivity z ! riv]s 9 ! ,s\?4 ,o bur/   
?\ all _! *a9s 9 sund]2 m especially !  
*a9s ( _!  s9s3 ,?\1 ,savi\r ( all1 make
 !m free1 t !y may be free inde$6       
,! s]vile prog5y ( ,ham        ,seize z 
! pur*ase ( ?y blood6      ,let all !   
,hea!ns "k ?y "n1        ,f ,idols to ! 

liv+ ,god2      ,! d>k ,am]icans conv]t1
      ,& %9e 9 e ,pagan he>t4           
,,f9is          ,transcrib]'s ,note     
,cle> pr9t]'s errors h be5 correct$ by !
 transcrib]2 z f> z  possible1 h[ev]1   
orig9al spell+ & punctuation h be5      
pres]v$4    ,9 ?is file1 text 9 italics 
is indicat$ by und]scores4