,transcrib]'s ,notes ,texts pr9t$ 9 italics & boldface h be5 transcrib$ betwe5 und]scores & equal signs respectively4 ,small capitals h be5 replac$ ) ,,all ,,capitals4 ,! c>et indicates a sup]script "*4 ,illu/ration ,,correlat$ ,,c\rses ,,9 ,,woodwork ,,& ,,me*anical ,,draw+ ,by ,,ira ,s4 ,,griffi?1 ,a4 ,b4 ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,manual ,arts1 ,bradley ,polyte*nic ,in/itute1 ,peoria1 ,ill9ois4 ,au?or ( 8,ess5tials ( ,woodwork+10 8,woodwork = ,amateur ,craftsm510 8,projects = ,beg9n+ ,woodwork & ,me*anical ,draw+10 & 8,advanc$ ,projects 9 ,woodwork40 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,manual ,,arts ,,press ,,peoria1 ,,ill9ois ,,copyright ,,ira ,s4 ,,griffi? #aiab ,,preface4 ,! au?or wi%es to /ate t ! basis ( ! foll[+ c\rses re/s m ^u ! art or practice ( tea*+ manual tra9+ ?an ^u ! !ory4 ,x is ! result ( c>efully prep>$ plans execut$ "u public s*ool conditions by ! au?or himself1 cov]+ a p]iod ( "s n9e ye>s ( exp]im5tation4 ,:]ev] plans1 or !ory1 7 f\nd produc+ results :i* common s5se indicat$ pla9ly 7 n = ! pupils' highe/ good1 practical exp$i5cy supplant$ !ory4 ,if manual tra9+ practice 9 ! two upp] gramm> grades has m]it$ criticism x has be5 because s*ool m5 h n tak5 its subject matt] s]i\sly en\gh4 ,x is too mu* to hope t results c be a*iev$ t are truly educative1 :5 a %op1 h[ev] well equipp$1 is turn$ ov] to a tea*] b slightly exp]i5c$ 91 & appreciative (1 ! 8f9] po9ts0 ( ! subject matt] to be dealt )4 ,loose & unorganiz$ ef=ts 9 any l9e ( "w _c become educative1 x matt]s n :at f9e spun !ories may be (f]$ z pro( to ! contr>y4 ,inde$1 mu* positive injury may be done4 ,if ! pres5t dem& = vocational tra9+ tea*es manual tra9+ any?+1 x is t ! subject matt] ( manual tra9+ mu/ receive m s]i\s att5tion4 ,! aims ( manual tra9+ & vocational tra9+1 9 "o s5se1 are n s v diff]5t2 bo? seek1 or %\ld1 to assi/ ! boy to become a 8?9k+ do]40 ,! di/9ction is ma9ly a matt] ( 8direction0 & ( allotm5t ( "t1 ) possibly a slight diff]5ce 9 ! plac+ ( ! emphasis on "o or ! o!r ( ! words 8?9k+ do]40 ,we d n mean to imply t manual tra9+ & vocational tra9+ are ! same1 b we d mean to say t ! educative value ( any %op tra9+1 :e!r giv5 f ! po9t ( view ( g5]al culture or ( special prep>ation = life's "w1 is evid5c$ 9 ! attitude :i* pupils are all[$ to assume t[>d _! "w4 ,incorrect & slov5ly habits ( ?9k+ & do+ h no m place 9 manual tra9+ ?an 9 vocational tra9+4 ,organization ( subject matt] is z ess5tial 9 manual tra9+ z 9 any o!r l9e ( endeavor4 ,among o!r ?+s1 x is ! au?or's hope t ! book may (f] "s sugge/ions t w help to br+ ab\t a bett] und]/&+ ( ! relation ( ! high s*ool & grade s*ool manual tra9+4 ,! arrangem5t & division ( ! subject matt] & ! gr\p+ ( ! problems repres5t "o me?od ( attack4 ,! employm5t ( skill$ in/ructors 9 bo? grade & high s*ool & ! mak+ ( ! "w ( ! upp] gramm> grades s]i\s me*anically r ?an m]ely 8expressional0 w wait 9 _m communities ^u ! initiative ( ! s*ool au?orities4 ,normal s*ool /ud5ts w f9d ! outl9e repres5tative ( a manual tra9+ practice t is be+ c>ri$ on 9 "s s*ools t are reput$ to be progressive4 ,f9ally1 x is expect$ t ! book w prove helpful to "y in/ructors 9 _! fir/ ye> ( tea*+1 assi/+ !m ov] _m ( ! petty details :i* spell success or failure 9 v>y+ degree1 :i* o!rwise w\ld n be =ese54 ,,ira ,s4 ,,griffi? ,oak ,p>k1 ,ill41 ,june1 #aiab4 ,= ! conv5i5ce ( ! tea*]s1 ! draw+s us$ 9 8,projects = ,beg9n+ ,woodwork & ,me*anical ,draw+0 & 8,advance ,projects 9 ,woodwork0 are pr9t$ 9 ?is book4 ,! notes & work+ directions1 h[ev]1 are n includ$4 ,! ink+ ( ! draw+s & ! mak+ ( ! p]spectives 9 bo? ( ^! books is ! "w ( ,mr4 ,george ,gordon ,kell>4 ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,i--,,organization #e ,,*apt] ,i--,,=eword--,,aims #g ,,*apt] ,,ii--,,classification ,,& ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,tool ,,op]ations1 = ,grades #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj2 ,discussion #ab ,,*apt] ,,iii--,,classification ,,& ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,me*anical ,,draw+1 = ,grades #g1 #h1 #i2 ,discussion #bb ,,*apt] ,,iv--,,%op ,,organization--,location ( ,%ops2 ,division & ,allotm5t ( ,"t2 ,in=mational & ,relat$ ,matt] ,p]ta9+ to ,woodwork & ,me*anical ,draw+2 ,/ructural & ,decorative ,design2 ,%op ,excursions2 ,/ock ,bills2 ,e/imat+ ,co/ ( ,mat]ial2 ,/&>diz+ ,mat]ials & ,tools2 ,records1 ,=ms ( ,reports1 ,grad+ ,"w2 ,%op ,conduct2 ,! ,lesson2 ,ma9t5ance #bi ,,*apt] ,v--,,equipm5t--,size ( ,classes2 ,lock]s2 ,b5* & ,tool ,equipm5t = ,grade ,c5t]2 ,individual ,tools2 ,equipm5t = ,me*anical ,draw+1 ,grade ,c5t]2 ,high ,s*ool ,jo9]y ,%op2 ,high ,s*ool ,b5* & ,tool ,equipm5t #gc ,,"p ,,ii--,,lesson ,,outl9es #hi ,,*apt] ,,vi--,,lesson ,,outl9es ,,= ,,grade ,,vii #ia ,,*apt] ,,vii--,,lesson ,,outl9es ,,= ,,grade ,,viii #aaj ,,*apt] ,,viii--,,lesson ,,outl9es ,,= ,,grade ,,ix #acj ,,"p ,,iii--,,work+ ,,draw+s #acc ,,*apt] ,,ix--,,draw+s ,,( ,,projects1 = use 9 ,grades ,,vii & ,,viii4 ,gr\p ,i--,squ>+ up /ock surfac$ on two sides to ?ickness4 ,gr\p ,,ii--,squ>+ up /ock surfac$ on two sides1 cont9u$4 ,gr\p ,,iii--,squ>+ up ,r\gh ,/ock4 ,gr\p ,,iv--,work+ ,curves4 ,gr\p ,v--,duplicate ,p>ts4 ,gr\p ,,vi--,design4 ,gr\p ,,vii--,groove ,jo9ts--,applications4 ,gr\p ,,viii--,cross-lap ,jo9ts--,applications #ace ,,*apt] ,x--,,draw+s ,,( ,,projects1 = use 9 ,high ,s*ools4 ,gr\p ,,ix--,mortise-&-t5on ,jo9ts1 ,mit] ,jo9t1 ,glue ,jo9t1 ,model+ ,ex]cise--,applications4 ,gr\p ,x--,dovetail ,jo9ts1 ,rabbet$ & ,groov$ ,jo9ts--,applications #ahg ,,"p ,i4 ,,organization4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,=eword--,,aims ,=eword4 ,x is assum$ t woodwork+ & me*anical draw+ h subject matt] & t x is desirable to h an ord]ly arrangem5t4 ,su* an assumption may seem unw>rant$ to "s--to ^? :o labor 9 private in/itutions :]e ! in/ruction is individual or ne>ly s4 ,x is believ$1 h[ev]1 t to tea*]s ( ^! subjects 9 ! public s*ools1 :]e = economic reasons1 classes ( consid]able numb]s mu/ be c>$ =1 ! necessity = a c>eful selection & arrangem5t ( subject matt] is v evid5t4 ,x has tak5 "s ye>s = ! manual tra9+ movem5t to recov] f ! extremes into :i* ! late psy*ology & *ild /udy movem5t _h l$ x4 ,! exaltation ( ! 8individual0 & ! reign ( ! 8self-expressioni/10 x w\ld seem1 is ab\t ov]4 ,n t ?is latt] movem5t 0 an evil--f> f x4 ,its influ5ce 0 ne$$ & came none too soon4 ,l o!r great movem5ts1 h[ev]1 x l$ "s tea*]s to extremes1 caus+ !m to ov]look ! good 9 ! old ) ! result t ! new alone has prov5 no m desirable ?an ! old alone4 ,! p5dulum ( op9ion is return+ & 9 n a few important places1 is already sw++ to ! o!r extreme4 ,x is = manual tra9+ tea*]s to try to det]m9e by an ex*ange ( ideas :]e ! sane/ position lies4 ,9 ?is discussion1 we %\ld ev] keep 9 m9d t ! ,am]ican public s*ool sy/em is ma9ta9$ ma9ly to prep>e boys & girls = good & useful citiz5%ip2 t ?is is a democracy 9 :i* nei!r individual nor class is to be exalt$ unduly & t our sy/em ( education mu/ result nei!r 9 ! *aos ( an>*y nor 9 ! dull =malism ( a despotism4 ,to ! writ] x appe>s t manual tra9+ z practic$ be=e ! psy*ologi/ took possession 0 q typical ( ! c\ntries f :i* its influ5ce came1 ,russia & ,sw$5-=malism4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! mo/ radical ( ! psy*ologi/s1 manual tra9+ became synonym\s ) educational an>*y4 ,! be/ ,am]ican citiz5%ip _c be develop$ by means ( ei!r ! new alone or ! old alone4 ,!re mu/ be due att5tion paid to ! developm5t ( ! individual b t same individual mu/ le>n t he is b "o ( _m & t he mu/ d "s ?+s because !y make x possible = all to enjoy equal rights & privileges4 ,) ?is ?\ght 9 m9d1 irrespective ( any consid]ation ( economic advantages1 ord]ly arrangem5t ( subject matt] & class in/ruction1 made necess>y 9 l>ge s*ools1 mu/ be look$ ^u z helpful r ?an h>mful 9 ! prep>ation ( ! individual = citiz5%ip4 ,sup]9t5d5t ,l4 ,d4 ,h>vey has said3 ,memb]s ( society may be r\ghly class$ into f\r gr\ps3 ^? :o ?9k )\t do+2 ^? :o d )\t ?9k+2 ^? :o nei!r ?9k nor d2 & ^? :o ?9k & d because ( _! ?9k+4 ,?is f\r? class comprise ! productive1 con/ructive1 organiz+ elem5t ( society4 ,x is ! function ( ! public s*ools to produce memb]s ( ?is f\r? class4 ,x mu/ be evid5t to all t = ! production ( a ?9k+ & do+ individual ! two =ms ( activity %\ld be c>ri$ on side by side2 ! do+ gr[+ out ( ! ?9k+1 & ! ?9k+ made cle> & def9ite ?ru ! do+4 ,9 ?is /atem5t ! writ] sees ! prop] relation ( ^? two ess5tial elem5ts t make manual tra9+ valuable z a s*ool subject--! ?\ght elem5t & ! elem5t ( skill4 ,manual tra9+ suff]$ by hav+ ! "o--skill--unduly emphasiz$ :5 our ,european importations 7 made4 ,rec5tly1 x has suff]$ by hav+ ! o!r--! ?\ght side--unduly magnifi$4 ,bo? ( ^! elem5ts are important4 ,9 ! au?or's exp]i5ce ! practical application ( a sy/em t w\ld make ! mo/ ( ea* ( ^! elem5ts has be5 a s\rce ( no little disappo9tm5t4 ,ef=t 9 "o direction seem$ always to result 9 a sacrifice 9 ! o!r4 ,t is1 :5 ! ?\ght side 0 emphasiz$ !re 0 a fall+ (f 9 ! accuracy ( ! results4 ,:5 skill 0 magnifi$ x 0 atta9$ only ) a sacrifice ( ! ?\ght elem5t4 ,) _m misgiv+s ! conclusion 0 rea*$ t ! introduction ( orig9al ?9k+ on ! "p ( ! pupil mu/ mean some:at ( a sacrifice on ! skill side4 ,conc]n+ ?is phase ( ! subject ,pr(essor ,ri*>ds writes3 ,9 ord] to develop 9 ! highe/ degree indep5d5ce ( ?\ght & p[] ( initiative ! pupil mu/ be giv5 opportunities = det]m9+ ends & work+ out means4 ,only 9 ?is way is ! natural cycle ( m5tal activities--?9k+1 feel+ & do+--fully realiz$ & made effective4 ,! practical realization ( ?is pr9ciple means1 ( c\rse1 a di/9ct problem ( in/ruction4 ,! problem is ess5tially "o ( proportion & balance betwe5 fre$om ( expression on ! "o side & skill & ma/]y ( process on ! o!r4 ,extreme emphasis on ! "o leads inevitably to a class ( crude & ill-consid]$ products :ile att5tion re/rict$ to ! o!r results 9 m]e drill & =malism4 ,fur!r1 9 8,,! ,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,tea*]10 ,*>les ,l4 ,b9ns1 an ,engli%man j return$ f a trip ?ru ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 writes ( manual tra9+ 9 ! grades z foll[s3 ,! lack ( exactness is ! ma9 defect ( ,am]ican manual tra9+4 ,b !re are _m comp5sations to be balanc$ aga9/ ?is1 & ^! arise *iefly1 9 my op9ion1 f ! fact t ! tea*] is all[$ m lib]ty to foll[ 8 own judgm5t 9 tea*+ ! subject ?an is ! case "h4 ,he has m scope = ex]cis+ 8 initiative1 ) ! result t he reta9s ! fre%ness ( int]e/ & en?usiasm = 8 "w t our own /]eotyp$ & re/rict$ s*emes d mu* to quell4 ,!re is a f9e _s ( free activity1 eag] int]e/1 & indu/ry p]meat+ mo/ ( ! manual tra9+ classrooms4 ,ev5 ! inf]ior "w is done ) a happy gl[ ( a*ievem5t t half excuses x4 99 99 99 ,to emphasize unduly ! aim ( rigid me*anical accuracy g5]ally means a sacrifice ( ! ?\ght side ( ! "w4 ,^? qualities :i* lead ev5tually to ! realization ( ! pupil's highe/ p[]s--su* qualities z intellig5t self direction2 an al]t res\rceful attitude ( m9d2 & p[] to plan means to an end--are too valuable to lose = su* an aim4 99 99 99 ,at ! same "t a sy/em ( h&work t ignores a reasonable /&>d ( accuracy does n c\nt = mu*4 ,9 ! c\rse ( my visits ,i f\nd m ?an once n only an almo/ entire disreg>d = exactness 9 ! "w ( ! boys1 b also an almo/ entire neglect on ! tea*]'s "p to /rive = x4 ,some?+ may be said = a me?od :i* grants ! pupils lib]ty to express !mselves freely 9 _! "w1 if ! results are critically exam9$ & ! errors po9t$ out1 b to accept & pass complac5tly "w manife/ly inf]ior is q inexcusable4 ,!re is an elem5t ( ha/e ab\t "s ( ! "w :i* may acc\nt = "s ( ?is4 ,m rec5tly ,dr4 ,georg ,k]s*5/e9] ! em95t ,g]man au?ority ( ,muni* :ile on a t\r ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is quot$ by ! 8,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,magaz9e0 z criticis+ our manual tra9+ /rongly1 say+3 ,he c\ld n see :y *ildr5 are enc\rag$ to make big pieces ( furniture be=e !y c squ>e up a piece ( wood prop]ly or make a s+le jo9t ( ! type t mu/ be multipli$ _m times 9 ! piece ( furniture1 if x is prop]ly con/ruct$4 ,f ?is /atem5t x mu/ n be conclud$ t 8 p$agogy is ( ! dri$ out k9d4 ,on ! contr>y he /at$ ) m>k$ emphasis t ! fir/ requisite 9 tra9+ = skill is to cultivate joy 9 "w4 8,x is 9 t way t we appeal to ! he>t10 & 8x is only :5 ! feel+s are br\ght into action t we c mo/ truly educate40 ,we may conclude f ?is brief /atem5t ( ! situation t x is desirable to organize & h c\rses 9 our manual tra9+ & me*anical draw+ & t :atev] sy/em is adopt$ x mu/ make all[ance = emphasis ^u bo? ! ?\ght elem5t & ^u skill4 ,:at ,sy/em ,%all ,we ,use4 ,x is pretty g5]ally conc$$ t manual tra9+ z exemplifi$ by ! ,russian sy/em ( jo9t mak+ & ! ,sw$i% sy/em ( model mak+ fails to lead =? ! p[]s ( ! *ild to ! fulle/ ext5t4 ,! educational !ory1 n[ g5]ally accept$1 t int]e/ is ! indisp5sable basis ( e me?od ( education is suffici5t to condemn ! ,russian sy/em s f> z its application 9 non-te*nical s*ools is conc]n$1 :ile ,sw$i% ,sloyd1 unmodifi$1 is weak 9 t x fails to take into acc\nt ! reflective phase ( int]e/1 namely1 ! p[] ( self-initiative4 ,extreme 8educational manual tra9+'s0 greate/ weakness lies 9 its undue emphasis ^u ! ?\ght elem5t result+ 9 too great sacrifice ( t o!r equally important elem5t1 skill or accuracy4 ,! manual tra9+ movem5t is to be congratulat$ 9 t all signs n[ seem to po9t to its spe$y deliv]y f ! h&s ( ^! latt] extremi/s4 ,is x too mu* to hope t out ( our pa/ exp]i5ces ) ! jo9t mak+ ,russian sy/em ) its admitt$ discipl9>y value1 ! ,sw$i% model mak+ ) its ef=t to utilize ! en]gy ( ! work] t[>d useful products1 & ! self expression ( ! p$agogical movem5t ) its att5dant elem5ts ( int]e/ & initiative !re may come a manual tra9+ practice t %all be m>k$ by a comb9ation ( ! be/ ( ^! elem5ts ) a consequ5t elim9ation ( ! weaknesses ( ea*8 ,! outl9e ( /udy sugge/$ 9 ! ,ill9ois ,/ate ,c\rse ( ,/udy1 cr$it = :i* is due ma9ly to ,pr(essor ,*>les ,a4 ,b5nett1 ! *airman ( ! committee on manual tra9+ 9 woodwork1 has prov5 a s\rce ( v great help to ! writ] 9 8 ef=ts to prop]ly pres5t ! subject matt] ( woodwork to 8 pupils4 ,! introduction to ?is c\rse is well wor? repeat+ & is 9 sub/ance z foll[s3 ,any c\rse 9 woodwork+ wor?y ( a place 9 ! eigh? & n9? grades ( public s*ool "w %\ld meet ! foll[+ requirem5ts3 #a4 ,x %\ld ar\se & hold ! int]e/ ( ! pupils4 #b4 ,correct me?ods ( h&l+ tools %\ld be taught s t good te*nique may be acquir$ by ! pupils4 #c4 ,tool "w %\ld be accompani$ by a /udy ( mat]ials & tools us$ 9 _! relations to indu/ry4 ,special att5tion %\ld be giv5 to ! /udy ( trees--_! gr[?1 classification1 *>act]i/ics & use4 #d4 ,draw+ %\ld be /udi$ 9 its relation to ! "w done4 #e4 ,! pr9ciples ( con/ruction 9 wood %\ld be taught ?ru obs]vation1 illu/ration & exp]i5ce4 #f4 ,at lea/ a few problems %\ld be giv5 :i* involve inv5tion or design or bo?1 !reby /imulat+ individual initiative on ! "p ( ! pupils4 ,! c\rse is arrang$ 9 gr\ps1 ea* gr\p repres5t+ a type ( "w4 ,^! gr\ps are giv5 9 ! ord] ( proc$ure4 ,! tea*] is expect$ to provide problems ( ! greate/ value educationally4 ,?is means t ! ?+s to be made %\ld be wor? mak+ & t ! process ( mak+ !m %\ld be int]e/+ to ! /ud5t4 ,f ?is x foll[s t ! ?+s to be made mu/ come to ! pupil 9 an ord] :i* gives reasonable consid]ation to ! difficulties to be enc\nt]$ 9 mak+ !m4 ,our outl9e w aim to pres5t ! "w s z to meet ! conditions specifi$ above4 ,x has be5 ?oroly te/$ ov] a p]iod ( ye>s 9 public s*ool "w4 ,x foll[s ! gr\p plan4 ,! advantages ( ! gr\p sy/em are di/9ct4 ,x p]mits class in/ruction & !re=e m9imizes ! am\nt ( demon/rat+ & talk+ t ! in/ructor mu/ d by prev5t+ ne$less repetition4 ,by gr\p+ a numb] ( projects hav+ simil> tool op]ations x p]mits a boy to satisfy 8 individual ne$s )\t int]f]+ ) ! ord]ly pres5tation ( ! subject matt]4 ,x provides "w = ! fa/ work] ( an int]e/+ & pr(itable nature until ! sl[ work] completes ! m9imum requirem5t4 ,x provides = ! 8repeat]10 :o (t5 has to repeat1 n because ( poor "w 9 manual tra9+ b because ( poor "w 9 academic /udies1 by giv+ him *oice ( diff]5t models ^u :i* to "w4 ,9 g5]al1 ! gr\p plan possesses ! manife/ advantages ( class in/ruction at ! same "t mak+ all[ance = ! individuality ( ! work]4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,classification ,,& ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,tool ,,op]ations ,,= ,,grades #g1 #h1 #i1 ,,& #aj4 ,,woodwork4 ,,grade ,,vii4 ,"t3 #b h\rs p] week4 ,,gr\p ,i4 ,squ>+ up ,mill-plan$ ,/ock4 7,no def9ite dim5sions b to be squ>e & z l>ge z ! /ock w all[47 ,"t3 #a week4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,/ock ,,processes ,,tools ,,projects ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,s(t wood ,edge plan+ ,jack-plane ,s-#b-,s ,te/+ = uni=mity,try-squ>e #f #ab( wid? 7,block-plane87 ,cutt+-bo>d ,end plan+ ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,gr\p ,,ii4 ,squ>+ up ,mill-plan$ ,/ock4 7,def9ite dim5sions47 ,"t3 #c weeks4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,surface smoo?+ 7,smoo? plane87 ,s(t wood ,gag+ ,m>k+-gage ,s-#b-,s ,measur+ ,rule ,c\nt+-bo>d #d ,l9+ ,knife #aj ,back-saw+ 7p>allel ,back-saw ,hat-rack #b to l9e7 ,brace & bits ,key-rack #ah ,bor+ ,p5cil-gage ,*amf]+ ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,gr\p ,,iii4 ,squ>+ up ,r\gh ,/ock4 ,"t3 #d weeks4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,surface level+1 etc4,/raight-edge ,r+-toss ,s(t wood ,crosscut-saw+ ,w9d+ /icks ,spool-hold] ,r\gh ,rip-saw+ ,crosscut-saw ,game-bo>d #a #h #h ,s&pap]+ ,rip-saw ,laundry- regi/] ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,gr\p ,,iv4 ,work+ ,curves4 ,"t3 #c weeks4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,sleeve-bo>d ,s(t wood ,gett+ out /ock ,/eel squ>e ,bread-bo>d ,s-#b-,s ,curve saw+ ,turn+-saw ,cake-bo>d ,fir/ use ( *isel8 ,*isel8 ,sc\r+-bo>d ,spoke%av+ ,spoke%ave ,coat-hang] ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,gr\p ,v4 ,fa/5+ ) ,nails & ,screws4 ,duplicate ,p>ts4 ,"t3 #f weeks4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,nail-box ,s(t wood ,duplicate p>ts ,hamm] ,poli%+-box ,s-#b-,s ,nail+ ,nailset ,knife-box 1 1 ,sett+ nails ,screwdriv] ,bird-box ,fa/5+ ) screws ,broom-hold] ,b5*-hook ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,gr\p ,,vi4 ,appreciation 9 ,design4 ,/ructural1 ,decorative4 ,"t3 ,rema9d] ( s*ool ye>4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,table-mats ,!rmomet]- ,s(t wood ,/ructural design back ,s-#b-,s ,decorative design ,/a9s ,cal5d>-back 1 ,outl9+ ,bru%es ,lett]-hold] ,/a9+ ,wax ,bill-file ,wax+ ,h&k]*ief- box ,glove-box ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,grade ,,viii4 ,"t3 #b h\rs p] week4 ,,gr\p ,,vii4 ,groove ,jo9ts4 ,woodf9i%+4 ,"t3 #ab weeks4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,/ock ,,processes ,,tools ,,projects ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,ex]cise piece ,ex]cise-- ,*isel ,ex]cise piece ,s(t wood ,*isel+ grooves ,mallet ,book-rack close gra9$ ,saw+ to fit ,necktie-rack #c #aj ,fitt+ p>ts ,magaz9e-rack ,any ?ickness ,applications-- ,foot-/ool to r$uce to ,wall-rack 4 ,wall-%elf ,application-- ,desk-%elves ,*e/nut1 ,s-#b-,s ,squ>e taboret 1 1 #a4 ,/ool ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,gr\p ,,viii4 ,cross-lap ,jo9t4 ,"t3 #ab weeks4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,ex]cise piece ,ex]cise--,cross-lap ,glue ,ex]cise piece --,s(t wood1 jo9t ,h& clamps ,book-tr\gh close gra9$ ,applications ,clu/] drop- #a #aj light ,any ?ickness ,desk-light to r$uce to ,cal5d>-m\nt 4 ,hall-rack ,application-- ,picture-frame ,*e/nut1 ,s-#b-,s ,octagonal 1 1 #a4 taboret ,plate-rack ,p$e/al ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,high ,,s*ool4 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,jo9]y4 ,bo>d & ,fram$ ,/ructures4 7,accompani$ by ,me*anical ,draw+ h\r p] day47 7,"t3 #a h\rs p] day47 7#ah weeks47 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,/ock ,,processes ,,tools ,,projects ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,india /ool ,umbrella-/& ,taborets ,close ,ex]cises-- ,jo9t] ,arm-*air1 gra9$ ,mortise-&- ,smoo?-plane 7simplifi$7 wood t5on1 key$1 & full tool ,side-*air1 ,r\gh or bl9d set4 7simplifi$7 ,mill-plan$ ,mit] ,individual edge,leg-re/ ,model+ tools1 irons ,magaz9e-/& saw$ ,glue jo9t & *isels1 if,small tables ,:ite oak ,applications-- possible ,book-tr\gh ,s-#b-,s ,b&-saw ,piano-b5* ,jig-saw ,foot-/ools ,telephone-/& & seat1 etc4 etc4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- 7,b5*work 9 ,metal #ah weeks47 7,accompani$ by ,freeh& ,draw+ & ,design h\r p] week47 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,cab9et-,mak+4 ,panel$ ,/ructures4 7,optional & on a p> ) o!r advanc$ c\rses 9 %opwork47 7#cf weeks47 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,music-cab9et ,*af+-di% ,comb9ation /& ,ex]cises-- plane ,desks1 ,tables ,draw] ,b&-saw ,book-cases con/ruction ,circul> saw ,*e/s1 ,scre5s ,door con/ruction ,jo9t]1 ,clocks ,v>i\s woods ma*9e ,%av+-/& ,h++ ,plan]1 ma*9e,b$s1 ,settee ,lock+ ,mortise ma*9e,por*-sw+ ,applications-- ,%ap] ,mission *airs ,jig-saw ,m$ic9e-case ,dress]s1 etc4 etc4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,note--,fre%m5 boys w be divid$ into two divisions4 ,! fir/ w take ,jo9]y ! fir/ seme/]1 & second division w take ,metalwork4 ,! second seme/] ^! divisions w ex*ange %ops4 ,discussion ( ,woodwork ,c\rse4 ,column "o describes ! condition ( ! /ock :5 giv5 ! pupil4 ,column two names ! new pr9ciples involv$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! articles4 ,9 ,gr\p ,i4 /ock mill-plan$ ^u two surfaces to ! ?ickness want$ is giv5 ! pupil & he is requir$ to squ>e x up4 ,no def9ite dim5sions are dem&$ b ! class is giv5 to und]/& t ! be/ workman is he :o c squ>e up 8 piece ) ! fewe/ %av+s remov$4 ,! gage is n us$ on ?is piece4 ,! uni=mity ( wid? is det]m9$ by ! slid+ try-squ>e te/4 ,! broad surfaces are n work$ by ! pupil at all 9 mak+ ?is piece4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! use to :i* ! piece is to be put dem&s no f9e surface treatm5t4 ,9 ! second place1 exp]i5ce %[s t x is advisable to make ?is fir/ piece z simple z possible & pupils1 at lea/ gramm> s*ool pupils1 le>n to h&le ! plane bett] on edge plan+ ?an on surface plan+4 ,an exam9ation ( ! head+s ( ! gr\ps sugge/$ = sev5? grade1 & ! directions giv5 9 connection ) ! problems w %[ t ea* ( ^! gr\ps introduces a new me?od ( squ>+ up /ock4 ,= illu/ration1 ,gr\p ,i is typical1 z to ! surface treatm5t1 ( ! me?od us$ by c>p5t]s & o!rs 9 prep>+ outside f9i%+ mat]ial su* z cornice & w9d[ & door cas+s1 corn] bo>ds1 etc4 ,"h mill-m>ks are n consid]$ objectionable s t nei!r broad surface is work$4 ,gr\p ,,ii is typical1 z to ! surface treatm5t1 ( ! me?od ( prep>+ int]ior wood trim4 ,"o surface is plan$ smoo?1 & /raight z to its wid?1 b no ef=t is made to take out ! w9d1 nor is ! back surface treat$ at all4 ,aga91 c]ta9 k9ds ( %elv+ & box con/ruction require t bo? broad surfaces be smoo!d ( _! ma*9e or mill-m>ks b d n require ei!r surface to be true1 dep5d+ ^u ! mann] ( fa/5+ ! p>ts toge!r to take out any unev5ness4 ,gr\p ,v typifies ?is me?od ( treatm5t4 ,( c\rse1 if ! /ock is badly curl$ or cupp$ no attempt is made to use x = ! ?ickness = :i* x 0 orig9ally int5d$1 ?o x is possible to 8nail out0 pretty badly w>p$ bo>ds on c]ta9 k9ds ( c>p5try "w4 ,9 furniture mak+ ?is is h>dly ev] possible or advisable4 ,a sleeve press+ bo>d does n require a face edge or squ>e ends1 etc41 ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,gr\p ,,iii typifies ! /&>d treatm5t ( :i* ^! o!rs are modifications4 ,9 ! ?ird column tools necess>y = p]=m+ ! process are nam$4 ,9 elem5t>y woodwork ! block-plane & smoo?-plane may be omitt$1 ! jack-plane do+ ! "w j z well4 ,9 ! ,lesson ,outl9es1 section numb]s ( a text on woodwork+ to :i* ! /ud5t is ref]r$ are giv54 ,! text to :i* ! numb]s ref] is 8,ess5tials ( ,woodwork+40 ,! necessity = a text to accompany b n to take ! place ( ! demon/ration is well appreciat$ by mo/ tea*]s ( manual tra9+4 ,) a text 9 ! h&s ( ea* pupil a lesson may be assign$ & ! pupil requir$ to famili>ize himself ) ! text & ! illu/rations relat+ to ! subject matt]4 ,! use ( a text removes mo/ effectually ! necessity = a con/ant repetition ( oral in/ruction4 ,) a text !re is nev] any excuse = ! pupil bo!r+ ! in/ructor ) ! o!rwise semi-valid excuse ( 8,i =got0 or 8,i 0 abs5t :5 ! demon/ration 0 giv510 etc41 etc4 ,9 ,gr\ps ,,viii & ,,ix w be f\nd ex]cise pieces4 ,"o ( ! advantages claim$ = ! gr\p sy/em is t x p]mits class in/ruction at /at$ int]vals1 ?us r$uc+ individual in/ruction to a m9imum4 ,= illu/ration1 a class beg9n+ ,gr\p ,,ii w\ld cont9ue to "w ^u ! problems ( t gr\p until all b ! few ackn[l$g$ failures _h complet$ ! "w requir$ 9 t gr\p4 ,aft] ?is ! class is to be in/ruct$ 9 ! new ?+s ( ,gr\p ,,iii4 ,?is plan to cont9ue ?ru\t ! :ole c\rse4 ,! "w ( ! gr\ps w ( necessity ov]lap ea* o!r4 ,=1 z soon z a pupil f9i%es "o problem 9 a gr\p1 he beg9s ano!r problem 9 ! same gr\p1 unless he is ! sl[e/ 9 ! class4 ,:5 ! class is ready to beg9 a new gr\p we are confront$ ) ! "q ( :e!r to give ! in/ruction belong+ to ! new gr\p & all[ ! boys to proce$ ) ! unf9i%$ "w ( ! old gr\p1 or to />t !m on problems ( ! new gr\p4 ,to proce$ ) ! old is objectionable 9 t ! work] =gets 8 new in/ruction be=e he has opportunity to apply x4 ,to />t new "w be=e f9i%+ ! old is bad 9 t ! pupil w h lo/ int]e/ 9 ! old :5 ask$ to complete x aft] f9i%+ ! new "w4 ,n to complete ! old at all w\ld be a practice too vici\s to be tol]at$ = a mom5t4 ,9 ! sev5? grade ?is ov]lapp+ is n a s]i\s problem1 = ! objects be+ small & quickly f9i%$ all[ all to f9i% ! old gr\p be=e ! in/ruction ( ! new has fad$4 ,9 ! eigh? grade & high s*ool1 h[ev]1 :]e ! objects are l>g]1 ?is objection is a s]i\s "o4 ,z /at$ be=e1 ! aim ( ! gr\p arrangem5t is to p]mit class in/ruction at ! beg9n+ ( ea* gr\p4 ,to make ?is effective ! practice & application mu/ foll[ )9 a reasonably %ort "t4 ,"h ! 8ex]cise0 (f]s aid4 ,if ev] an ex]cise piece has a legitimate use1 x has x "h4 ,! great objection to ex]cise pieces lies 9 _! inability to create a vital int]e/ on ! "p ( ! pupil4 ,! writ] has made x a practice to talk ov] ! applications ( ea* ex]cise & to /ate briefly ! ne$ = ! ex]cise be=e beg9n+ x4 ,fir/1 t ! class because ( numb]s mu/ be in/ruct$ all at ! same "t2 second1 t ! jo9ts1 unlike ! simple "o-piece objects previ\sly made _c be rem$i$ or pat*$ up by r$uc+ ! size1 z 9 ! bread bo>d1 :5 lack ( k or skill causes errors2 ?ird1 t po/pon+ ! practice any l5g? ( "t w\ld be unwise4 ,z ! "t requir$ = mak+ ! ex]cises1 z arrang$ 9 ! c\rse outl9$ above1 is %ort !re has nev] be5 a lack ( int]e/ ei!r 9 ! ex]cise or 9 ! unf9i%$ objects ( ! old gr\p to :i* "s mu/ return aft] complet+ ! ex]cise4 ,high s*ool boys beg9 to take on a diff]5t attitude t[>d ex]cises & te*nique4 ,_! increas$ k & skill p]mit applications requir+ consid]able "t = complet+4 ,= ?is reason all ! ex]cises are gr\p$ 9 ! =e "p ( _! ye>4 ,to ! writ] x seems unnecess>y to apologize = ?is use ( ex]cises4 ,he has felt free to utilize p>ts ( any sy/em :i* seem$ to s]ve 8 purpose4 ,he does feel1 h[ev]1 t a long cont9u$ s]ies ( ex]cises 9 elem5t>y woodwork+ )\t application w\ld be fatal4 ,am]ican s*ool me?ods h be5 criticis$ by ,europeans z be+ sup]ficial & lack+ 9 ?oroness4 ,x may be t 9 our eag]ness to develop ! individual we h made ourselves subjects = su* criticism to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,we ne$ n fe> ! introduction ( ?is small am\nt ( drill & =malism1 especially :5 !re is no loss ( int]e/ or inc5tive4 ,x is impossible to tea* a pupil a ?+ t is entirely new to him unless he has 9 8 possession a fund ( 8kn[n0 ?ru :i* ! unkn[n may be made kn[n4 ,= ?is reason draw+s & sket*es are pl5tifully provid$4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t bett] results are obta9$1 bo? 9 ! developm5t ( ability to ?9k & ability to d1 if ! ability to 8d0 is giv5 a maximum ( att5tion at ! beg9n+ ( ! c\rse1 opportunities = orig9al ?9k+ be+ introduc$ gradually z ! pupils' k1 appreciation1 & skill increase4 ,9 ! beg9n+ gr\ps ! sizes or dim5sions are fix$1 no v>iation be+ p]mitt$ except z poor "w necessitates4 ,requir+ all to make ! same pieces 9 ! beg9n+ gr\ps p]mits comp>ison ( results & ! e/abli%+ ( /&>ds ( accuracy z well z mak+ x possible to give def9ite in/ruction ) ! m9imum ( talk+4 ,ano!r reason = emphasiz+ te*nique & processes at ! beg9n+ is t int]e/ is s easily direct$4 ,a beg9n] is int]e/$ 9 any?+4 ,9 fact1 a few ex]cises--n m ?an two or ?ree--might be introduc$ at ! v beg9n+ )\t 9 any way violat+ ! pr9ciple relat+ to int]e/ previ\sly m5tion$4 ,! writ] does n make use ( ex]cises 9 ?is way b c und]/& "s ( ! advantages secur$ by s do+4 ,hav+ taught ! pupil to respect a 8work+ l9e10 :i* exp]i5ce %[s takes ! great] "p ( ! sev5? ye>1 x w be "t to beg9 to enc\rage orig9al ?9k+ on ! "p ( ! pupil4 ,?is1 because ( ! pupil's ignorance ( ! subject matt]1 w come sl[ly1 if satisfactorily4 ,modifications ( ! dim5sions ( ! projects %\ld be ! fir/ /ep4 ,:ile orig9ality is to be enc\rag$ 9 e way x %\ld nev] be =c$ at ! exp5se ( appreciation4 ,appreciation mu/ be develop$ fir/4 ,bett] a *air ( good design & proportion made aft] ano!r's design ) appreciation ?an an absurdity made aft] "o's own design & its weaknesses n se54 ,! greate/ value ( design 9 public s*ool education is express$ well by ,pr(essor ,s>g5t :5 he says1 8,= "o :o w produce a design1 a ?\s& mu/ "k h[ to select x40 ,pupils possess$ ( exceptional orig9ality & ability w f9d ample opportunity = expression 9 ! gr\p sy/em )\t h9drance ^u ! "p ( ! sl[] neighbors & )\t requir+ all ! in/ructor's "t at a sacrifice ( ! "t :i* ! sl[] pupils h a "r to4 ,! sl[ pupil has a "r to an equal %>e ( ! in/ructor's "t1 & ?is is n always easy to give :5 ! brilliant pupil is to be giv5 individual & advanc$ in/ruction z ! sy/ems o!r ?an ! gr\p sy/em necessitate4 ,9 g5]al1 x w be f\nd advisable to hold sev5? grade pupils q rigidly to ! execution ( ! projects (f]$4 ,9 ! eigh? grade pupils %\ld be enc\rag$ to modify exi/+ projects1 :ile 9 high s*ool !y %\ld be enc\rag$ to 8"w up0 orig9al ideas4 ,by ?is "t !y %\ld h acquir$ a fair fund ( in=mation & "s judgm5t & appreciation4 ,a glance at ! outl9e on woodwork+ w %[ t ! projects 9 eigh? grade & 9 high s*ool are mo/ all ( su* a nature z to dem& consid]able repetition ( processes4 ,= illu/ration1 9 ! mak+ ( ! taboret !re are eight dado jo9ts4 ,we h he>d s mu* ( ! non-educational value ( repeat$ processes t "o may be incl9$ to "q ! arrangem5t ( a c\rse :i* introduces b two jo9ts 9 ! c\rse ( a ye>'s "w1 z is done 9 ! eigh? grade ( ?is outl9e4 ,9 view ( ! fact t v _m c\rses introduce ! glue jo9t1 mortise-&-t5on1 etc41 9 ! eigh? grade x may be well = ! writ] to /ate 8 po9t ( view4 ,x is ?is3 ,! highe/ educational value comes n f _m jo9ts put to ! pupil 9 su* rapid succession t he has n "t = ! acquirem5t ( a fair degree ( pr(ici5cy1 b r f ! ma/]y ( a few by repetition s plann$ z to ma9ta9 a ke5 int]e/ 9 ea* jo9t made4 ,z a rec5t writ] has said1 8,!re is ne$ = m inve/igation on ! po9t t repeat$ processes are non-educational4 ,do+ c]ta9 ?+s until ! process becomes automatic sometimes leads "o to take ! fir/ /ep t[>d a high] fre$om40 ,?is1 9 view ( ! pres5t dem&s ( indu/rial education1 is ! excuse = (f]+ a few jo9ts well made r ?an _m jo9ts ) ! consequ5t me*anical indige/ion t usually foll[s4 ,z soon z ! process has become fairly automatic1 or :5 ! jo9t has be5 fairly well ma/]$1 !n are we ready to proce$ to new fields4 ,9 ! sev5? grade outl9e ! introduction ( new processes is m frequ5t4 ,?is is due to ! fact t ! op]ations are simple & ( su* a nature1 plan+ = example1 t future "w necessitates _! frequ5t repetition4 ,! accurate use ( ! *isel is kept until ! eigh? grade1 z is also accurate saw+ to a knife l9e ) ! back-saw4 ,x has tak5 u a long "t to come to a realization t1 :ile ! *isel & saw are simple tools1 _! prop] h&l+ is n simple4 ,a g5]al survey ( ! gr\ps = grade sev5 w %[ t ea* is conc]n$ ) "o ( ! v>i\s type processes us$ 9 squ>+ up /ock1 bo? mill-plan$ & r\gh4 ,9 eigh? grade ! gr\ps are conc]n$ ) ! accurate use ( ! *isel & back-saw 9 *isel+1 or p>+1 & saw+ to fit4 ,9 ,gr\p ,,ix1 :i* is ! fir/ ye> high s*ool "w1 ! pupil may be expect$ to give mo/ ( 8 att5tion to ! pr9ciples ( simple jo9]y ( bo>d & fram$ /ructures ) ! necess>y jo9ts4 ,a full set ( individual edg$ tools %\ld give ! in/ructor excuse = dem&+ a mu* high] degree ( te*nique ?an is to be f\nd 9 ! grades4 ,! pupils w n be p]fect$ 9 ! use ( ! *isel1 saw1 & o!r tools b !y %\ld h acquir$ en\gh skill to enable !m to proce$ ) ! "w ( ! mortise & t5on4 ,ex]cise pieces 9 mortise-&-t5ons1 mit]1 model+ & glue jo9t belong "h4 ,x is possible to arrange ! "w s t ! model+ & glue jo9t ex]cise pieces may be consid]$ "u ,application4 ,! model+ ex]cise may well be a hamm] h&le1 ! metal "p ( :i* is to be work$ 9 ! metal class ! o!r half ( ! fir/ ye>4 ,! glue jo9t may well be made ^u wood ( suffici5t size t x may be us$ lat]1 su* z ! taboret top4 ,! mortise-&-t5on & mit]1 h[ev]1 w be mo/ pr(itable z ex]cises pure & simple4 ,a mom5t's ?\ght w indicate ! reason = mak+ ! di/9ction4 ,_m c\rses give model+ 9 ! grades4 ,model+ to be ( value requires judgm5t & exp]i5ce4 ,?is a grade pupil has n4 ,! fir/ ye> high s*ool is suffici5tly e>ly = ?is k9d ( "w4 ,to place x e>li] is to give ! pupil a wrong impression ( ! requirem5ts ( good model+1 & 8 lat] "w1 9 patt]n-mak+ = example1 suff]s accord+ly4 ,two ma*9es %\ld be made use ( 9 ! fir/ ye> high s*ool "w1 ! b&-saw & scroll or jig-saw4 ,bo?1 :5 prop]ly safegu>d$1 are well suit$ to give ! pupil 8 fir/ acqua9tance ) ma*9]y4 ,!re is little educational value 9 fur!r excessive ripp+ by h& at ?is /age ( ! c\rse4 ,! cab9et-mak+ c\rse is n to be consid]$ z manual tra9+ p] se4 ,x is be/ to make x optional & m purely a trade c\rse1 ?o ! "w may /ill be individual 9 its nature4 ,an ex]cise 9 mak+ a small door & "o 9 ! mak+ ( a draw] w introduce ! /ud5t to ! use ( mo/ ( ! ma*9]y specifi$4 ,^! ex]cises %\ld be detail$ s z to involve /ock ( ! same size = ea* boy4 ,9 ?is way ! ma*9es may be set & all ! p>ts ( simil> k9d run ?ru4 ,classes ( consid]able size may be taught ) ! use ( ! m9imum ( ma*9]y4 ,ea* boy %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be taught ! sett+ ( ! v>i\s ma*9es4 ,aft] ^! two ex]cises1 ) h++ & lock+1 ! pupils may be all[$ to "w out pieces ( _! own *oos+ involv+ ^! elem5ts1 prep>+ _! own /ock1 sett+ _! ma*9es1 etc4 ,9 ?is way ! 8%op0 practice1 quantity or piece "w1 is obta9$ 9 ! mak+ ( ! ex]cises :ile ! application lat] all[s = ! individuality ( ! pupil4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,classification ,,& ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,me*anical ,,draw+ ,,= ,,grades #g1 #h1 ,,& #i4 ,,me*anical ,,draw+ ,,grade ,,vii4 ,"t3 #b h\rs p] week = #ab weeks4 ,,lesson ,i4 ,pr9ciples ,applications ,/raight l9es 7,use ( ,introductory ,%eet in/rum5ts7 ,angles ,lett]+ ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,ord] ( ,proc$ure ,woodwork ,gr\p ,i4 ,relation ( ,views ,block+ out ,simple ,dim5sion+ ,scale ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,=e%ort5+ ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,ii4 ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,geometric ,con/ruction-- ,geometric ,con/ruction ,%eet ,circles1 ,hexagon1 ,octagon ,ellipse ,,lesson ,v4 ,hidd5 edges ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,iii4 ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,c5t] l9es ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,tang5ts ,po9ts ( tang5cy ,cross-sections ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,work+ ,draw+s ,woodwork ,gr\p ,v4 ,repres5t+ screws & nails ,brok5 views ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,work+ ,draw+s 7cont9u$7 ,woodwork ,gr\p ,v4 ,repres5t+ screws & nails ,brok5 views ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,/ock ,bills ,woodwork ,gr\p ,v4 ,,lesson ,x4 ,figur+ co/s ,woodwork ,gr\ps ,i-,v4 ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,appreciation 9 ,design ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,vi4 ,/ructural1 ,decorative ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,templet or patt]ns ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,"t3 #b h\rs p] week = #ab weeks47 ,,lesson ,i4 ,pr9ciples review$ ,projects or ,problems ,/raight l9es ,b5nett's 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 7,freeh& sket*es foll[$ by me*anical draw+s47 ,gr\p ,i4 ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,circles 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,gr\p ,,ii4 ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,tang5ts 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,gr\p ,,iii4 ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,planes ( projection 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,lesson ,v4 ,review 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,te/ problems ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,work+ ,draw+s ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,work+ ,draw+s ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,work+ ,draw+s ,woodwork ,gr\ps ,,vii & ,,viii4 ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,/ock ,bills ,woodwork ,gr\ps ,,vii & ,,viii4 ,,lesson ,x4 ,figur+ co/s ,woodwork ,gr\ps ,,vii & ,,viii4 ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,design--,/ructural1 ,decorative ,woodwork ,gr\ps ,,vii or ,,viii4 7"o piece7 ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,templet or patt]ns1 ,work+ ,bas$ on ,lesson ,,xi above4 draw+1 /ock bill & co/4 ,,high ,,s*ool 7,"t3 h\r p] day = #ah weeks4 ,freeh& ,draw+ & ,design1 h\r p] day1 #ah weeks47 ,,lesson ,i4 7#c h\rs47 ,lett]+ 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,work+ draw+s ,india /ool1 etc4 ,see ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,work+ draw+s cont9u$ ,z above4 ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,/ock bills ,z above4 ,mat]ial co/s figur$ ,,lesson ,v4 ,ink+ 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,/raight l9es ,gr\p ,i4 ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,ink+1 cont9u$1 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,circles ,gr\p ,,ii4 ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,ink+1 cont9u$1 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,tang5ts ,gr\p ,,iii4 ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,ink+1 cont9u$1 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,views ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,lessons ,,ix ,,& ,x4 ,revolution ( solids 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,gr\p ,v4 ,,lessons ,,xi ,,& ,,xii4 ,developm5t ( prisms & 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 pyramids ,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,lessons ,,xiii ,,& ,,xiv4 ,developm5t ( cyl9d]s & cones 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,lessons ,,xv ,,& ,,xvi4 ,int]sections 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,lessons ,,xvii ,,& ,,xviii4 ,isometric 8,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+0 ,gr\p ,,xi4 ,discussion ( ,draw+ ,c\rse4 ,! c\rse 9 me*anical draw+1 l t 9 woodwork+1 is arrang$ 9 gr\ps accord+ to ! pr9ciples to be develop$4 ,! argum5ts = ! gr\p sy/em 9 woodwork+ apply equally to ! gr\p sy/em 9 me*anical draw+4 ,!re has be5 an aim to correlate ! woodwork+ & me*anical draw+ j z f> z ! logical pres5tation ( ea* w\ld all[4 ,f ! concrete & ne> by to ! m g5]al has be5 ! guid+ pr9ciple 9 lay+ out ! c\rse 9 me*anical draw+ z well z 9 woodwork4 ,= ?is reason ! sev5? grade problems 9 woodwork h be5 utiliz$ to introduce ! elem5t>y pr9ciples 9 me*anical draw+4 ,ev5 z ! pupils ( our prim>y s*ools le>n to read )\t be+ consci\s ( ! 8dry bones0 ( language & spell+ back ( x1 s1 9 ! tea*+ ( me*anical draw+1 ! aim is to ar\se 9 ! beg9n] an int]e/ 9 ! ability to draw & to read draw+s1 z an accompli%m5t1 & to inspire him to "w1 because he sees t !re is some?+ he ne$s1 wants1 & mu/ h4 ,little or no ef=t is made 9 sev5? grade draw+ to develop orig9ality4 ,almo/ all ef=t is sp5t 9 develop+ a draw+ te*nique & a good /yle4 ,mo/ all ( ! pupils' draw+s are made ) plates be=e !m4 ,^! !y copy1 us+ a diff]5t scale1 h[ev]4 ,to enc\rage ! pupils to e/abli% a high /&>d ^! draw+s h be5 ink$ by a draftsman select$ because ( 8 excell5ce 9 ?is l9e ( "w4 ,! draw+ ( ! gramm> s*ools 9 mo/ places is be/ taught by ! in/ructor 9 woodwork4 ,extreme c>e %\ld be tak5 to see t ! pupils are giv5 ! correct me?od ( attack 9 mak+ a draw+4 ,!y %\ld be made to foll[ ?is in/ruction j z consci5ti\sly z !y are requir$ to attempt correct execution 9 woodwork4 ,9 draw+1 z 9 woodwork1 slov5ly habits come h&i] to "s pupils1 &1 if all[$ to become fix$1 !y w cause sorr[ to ! pupil & misund]/&+ lat] on4 ,9 ! v fir/ draw+1 = example1 & all o!rs1 insi/ on hav+ lightly p5cil$ block+ out l9es ( indef9ite l5g?--l9es t are j visible1 t is all4 ,d n all[ ! pupil to =m ! habit ( draw+ a heavy l9e betwe5 two po9ts previ\sly locat$4 ,x is ne$less to say t ! p5cil mu/ be ( good lead1 prop]ly %>p5$1 & kept %>p4 ,x is an excell5t plan to insi/ t all con/ruction or block+ out l9es be left j z orig9ally drawn1 no eras] be+ us$ at all4 ,if lightly made1 z !y %\ld be1 !y w be inconspicu\s 9 ! f9i%$ draw+4 ,!y w be pro( positive t ! me?od ( proc$ure has be5 ! correct "o1 w save ! pupil's "t1 & give him a lightness ( t\* t w come 9 to excell5t advantage lat] on4 ,aft] ! draw+ has be5 laid out 9 light l9es & inspect$ by ! tea*]1 ! l9es t repres5t outl9es ( ! object c be gone ov] a second "t & made to /& out4 ,by ! close ( ! sev5? grade a boy ought to be able to read & to con/ruct simple work+ draw+s ( ?ree views prop]ly relat$4 ,he w h _h all ( ! simple conv5tions & %\ld "k !m by "n ) _! mean+s4 ,:ile ink+ is n giv5 a place 9 ei!r sev5? or eigh? grade1 ! draw+s %\ld %[ a good f9i% 9 p5cil+ & !re %\ld be no habits =m$ t w h to be ov]come lat]4 ,9 eigh? grade me*anical draw+1 ! fir/ f\r gr\ps review ! pr9ciples introduc$ 9 ! sev5? grade4 ,!y are 9 ! =m ( problems to be solv$1 h[ev]1 & ?us necessitate ?\ght on ! "p ( ! pupil4 ,9 ! solv+ ( ^! problems a c>efully made freeh&1 dim5sion$ work+ draw+ is fir/ requir$4 ,?is1 :5 correct1 is foll[$ ) a me*anical draw+1 full size & )\t dim5sions4 ,x w be not$ t no attempt has be5 made h]et(ore to h ! pupils make freeh& work+ draw+s or sket*es4 ,x has be5 ! au?or's exp]i5ce t bett] results are obta9$ by introduc+ ! freeh& draw+s aft] ! pupil has be5 taught & has _h exp]i5ce 9 ! exactness ( ! me*anical draw+4 ,! work+ draw+s ( ?is grade introduce no new pr9ciples b give opportunity = practice 9 m difficult comb9ations ( elem5ts4 ,!y provide opportunity = acquir+ great] facility 9 h&l+ ! in/rum5ts :i* results 9 draw+s t are to be us$ 9 ! %ops4 ,:ile ! draw+s are copi$ f plates1 z 9 ! sev5? grade1 ! pupil is p]mitt$ to modify ! designs )9 c]ta9 limitations1 ) "o problem 9 orig9al design1 /ructural & decorative4 ,9 high s*ool draw+ m "t is all[$ & ! draw+ becomes m ( a subject 9 itself1 requir+ m & deep] ?\ght on ! "p ( ! pupil4 ,! high s*ool draw+ c\rse is complete 9 itself4 ,! fir/ f\r gr\ps are giv5 ma9ly z problems 9 ink+ b !y furni% a review ( t "p ( ! eigh? grade draw+ incid5tally4 ,!y also furni% a famili> />t+ po9t = ! high s*ool "w & make ( ! high s*ool c\rse a complete :ole4 ,high s*ool draw+ is be/ giv5 by a speciali/4 ,z 9 ! eigh? grade1 ^! problems are to be solv$ & drawn freeh& ) dim5sions4 ,aft]w>d !y are drawn me*anically & ink$4 ,! ink+ ( problems is specifi$ 9 only ! fir/ f\r gr\ps 9 ! outl9e = draw+4 ,! am\nt ( ink+ to be done !reaft] w be/ be det]m9$ by ! in/ructor4 ,too mu* ink+ has a t5d5cy to result 9 c>eless p5cil+4 ,x is = ! in/ructor to det]m9e :5 8 class is do+ its be/ 9 bo? p5cil+ & ink+4 ,! problems ( ^! latt] gr\ps are well calculat$ to necessitate ?\ght & /udy & ! in/ructor w d well to make mu* ( ?is "p ( ! subject4 ,! mak+ ( high s*ool work+ draw+s is plac$ e>ly 9 ! c\rse t !y may be ready to use 9 ! %op by ! "t ! ex]cises 9 jo9t "w prep>atory to _! application1 are complet$4 ,^! work+ draw+s are to be orig9al z f> z possible4 ,plates ( suitable projects are to be provid$ to give ! necess>y />t+ po9ts4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,%op ,,organization #a4 ,location ( ,%ops4 ,%ops = high s*ool pupils w be locat$ 9 or ne> ! high s*ool build+4 ,a special ef=t %\ld be made to h bo? wood %op & draw+ room plac$ 9 suitable environm5t4 ,:]e manual tra9+ has be5 introduc$ into high s*ools ) build+s plann$ = academic "w only1 x has be5 ! cu/om to place manual tra9+ 9 ! basem5t & draw+ 9 ! attic1 ^! be+ ! only places available = subjects t _h yet to prove _! wor?4 ,ev5 today1 :5 x is a well e/abli%$ fact t h&work z a "p ( our educational c\rse has n only prov5 its wor? b is prophesi$ a great] place 9 our educational s*eme 9 ! =m ( indu/rial tra9+1 "s s*ool au?orities n only place %ops 9 basem5ts ( old build+s b plan new build+s ) basem5t %ops4 ,?is is an economy ) no?+ to ju/ify x b tradition4 ,9 _m cities ! cu/om ( build+ basem5ts high out ( ! gr\nd s]ves to mitigate "s ( ! evils1 by giv+ a fair degree ( light & v5tilation4 ,any basem5t1 h[ev]1 t is =m$ ) a cem5t floor directly on ! gr\nd w be damp 9 ! spr+ & fall :5 ! heat+ app>atus ceases to =ce w>m air ?ru ! rooms4 ,! result ^u tools1 ^u wood1 & ^u ! heal? ( ^? :o mu/ sp5d _! "t 9 su* surr\nd+s is n a matt] ( speculation4 ,any subject to be taught to ! be/ advantage mu/ n only be a subject t w w9 ! respect ( ! pupils b x mu/ be giv5 surr\nd+s t w n t5d to degrade x 9 ! eyes ( ! immature /ud5t4 ,excell5t "w has be5 done 9 basem5t rooms & excell5t discipl9e ma9ta9$ "u v adv]se conditions b x has be5 9 spite ( ^! conditions & n because !y d n influ5ce ! /ud5t unfavorably4 ,9 spite ( ! in/ructor's be/ ef=ts to create a feel+ ( respect t[>d ! basem5t %opwork simil> to t ent]ta9$ t[>d ! academic "w1 pupils 9 go+ f ! com=tably furni%$ rooms above1 9 :i* ! decorator's art has help$ to make ev]y?+ agreeable to ! eye1 unconsci\sly assume an attitude 9 _! fir/ conduct & deportm5t t places ! %op in/ructor at a disadvantage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,high ,,s*ool ,,%op ,,) ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,ma9 ,,build+4 ,,gr\nd ,,floor ,,plan ,,( ,,polyte*nic ,,high ,,s*ool ,,los ,,angeles ,,cal4 ,,frankl9 ,p4 ,,burnham ,,ar*',t ,f ! ,june1 #aijh ,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,magaz9e ,! *ief objection1 aside f co/1 to plac+ %ops above gr\nd is ! noise4 ,?is objection has be5 met1 & c easily be met by any compet5t ar*itect4 ,! accompany+ floor plans are indicative4 ,fig4 #a4 ,9 "s high s*ools1 ! %ops are entirely sep>at$ f ! ma9 or academic classrooms4 ,?is is unsatisfactory1 z any "o famili> ) high s*ool organization kn[s4 ,! frequ5t *ange ( classes aft] %ort p]iods makes ! go+ f "o build+ to ano!r a matt] ( s]i\s mom5t1 especially 9 our nor!rn w9t] climate4 ,%opwork has won its place fairly 9 our s*ool c\rses & x is enc\rag+ to note an increas+ t5d5cy on ! "p ( progressive communities to place %op & draft+-room 9 environm5t calculat$ to create a feel+ ( respect1 to give dignity equal to t ( o!r s*ool subjects1 & to provide favorable conditions = ! be/ work+ ( mat]ials4 ,9 ! gramm> s*ools ! problem is b slightly diff]5t4 ,9 a city ( any size1 %opwork w ne$ to be giv5 9 c5t]s4 ,! alt]native ( a %op 9 ea* s*ool ) an in/ructor go+ f %op to %op on diff]5t days ( ! week is h>dly practicable4 ,! equipm5t ( a %op is a matt] ( too great co/ to h x ly+ idle "p ( ! s*ool "t4 ,!re is add$ disadvantage 9 t a p]ipatetic %op in/ructor _c 8keep up0 8 sev]al %ops ) divid$ int]e/ z well z he c keep up "o 9 :i* he works con/antly4 ,! be/ plan is to h a c5t] or %op locat$ favorably = sev]al neighbor+ s*ools & in/all an in/ructor 9 ?is c5t]4 ,! pupils are to be s5t to him f a suffici5t numb] ( s*ools to occupy 8 entire "t at ?is %op4 ,"h aga9 ! basem5t makes its appeal to s*ool au?orities fir/1 ! basem5t ( "s "o ( ! gramm> s*ools be+ utiliz$ = a %op c5t]4 ,s9ce almo/ all ( ! pupils come f o!r s*ools1 !re is no excuse1 o!r ?an economy1 9 plac+ gramm> s*ool manual tra9+ %ops 9 basem5ts ( s*ools already e/abli%$4 ,if ! high s*ool %opwork suff]s a disadvantage by be+ plac$ 9 basem5t rooms1 gramm> s*ool %opwork suff]s m1 & ) less excuse4 ,s9ce dome/ic sci5ce _c well be taught 9 basem5ts1 & is objectionable on ma9 floors because ( noise & odors1 & s9ce !re is no reason = hav+ ! laboratories directly connect$ ) any gramm> s*ool build+1 ! be/ plan is to erect a special build+ to h\se bo? manual tra9+ & dome/ic sci5ce4 ,! co/ ne$ n be great & ! build+ may be erect$ ^u gr\nds ( "s "o ( ! gramm> s*ools4 ,evan/on1 ,ill9ois1 public s*ools (f] a good illu/ration4 ,figs4 #b & #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,ext]ior ,,gramm> ,,s*ool ,,build+ ,,= ,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,& ,,dome/ic ,,sci5ce1 ,,evan/on1 ,,ill9ois4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,floor ,,plans ,,( ,,build+1 ,,evan/on1 ,,ill9ois4 ,! prop] plac+ ( c5t]s 9 a community w dep5d ^u ! numb] ( pupils to be c>$ =1 ! di/ance !y mu/ travel to get to ! c5t]1 & ! site available4 #b4 ,division or ,allotm5t ( ,"t4 ,two divisions ( "t are common 9 gramm> s*ool %opwork1 ! "o-f\r? & ! "o-half day p]iod once a week4 ,9 "s cities manual tra9+ is giv5 9 six?1 sev5? & eigh? grades ( ! gramm> s*ools4 ,9 o!rs x is giv5 9 sev5? & eigh? grades only4 ,9 ! =m] case1 to ! be/ ( ! au?or's in=mation1 ! p]iod nev] exce$s "o-f\r? day ea* week4 ,9 ! latt] x v frequ5tly occupies "o-half day a week4 ,! outl9e = draw+ & manual tra9+ z giv5 9 ?is book presupposes ! "o-half day p]iod4 ,9 favor ( ?is p]iod ( "t are ! foll[+3 ,! pupils g & come to manual tra9+ on "t out ( s*ool h\rs4 ,?is is a v decid$ ga9 & p]mits ! plac+ ( c5t]s s z to accommodate s*ools ( widely diff]+ locations4 ,second1 m & bett] "w is accompli%$ 9 a "o-half day p]iod ( "o ye> ?an 9 a "o-f\r? day p]iod = two ye>s4 ,9 ! "o-f\r? day p]iod ! pupil h>dly gets 8 tools set & adju/$ :5 ! bell signals him to beg9 to 8clean up10 result+ 9 mu* unpr(itable ef=t4 ,our college adm9i/rators1 :o are responsible = orig9at+ ! %ort & infrequ5t p]iod spread ov] a long p]iod ( mon?s or ye>s1 h long s9ce f\nd t bett] "w & m ( x is obta9$ :]e ! /udy is giv5 a m int5sive view1 ! total numb] ( h\rs = ! c\rse rema9+ ! same b be+ cond5s$ into less cal5d> "t4 ,! *ief objection (f]$ aga9/ ! "o-half day p]iod is t ! pupil becomes tir$1 exhau/$1 & !re=e dis9t]e/$ & tr\blesome be=e ! close ( ! p]iod4 ,:]e ! full two h\rs & a half are devot$ entirely to %opwork1 especially if ! %opwork is ( su* a nature z to make little appeal to ! int]e/ ( ! pupil1 ?is argum5t is valid4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ea* p]iod has its recitation on assign$ /udy & its demon/ration on ! new "w to be pres5t$ !re rema9s b two h\rs ( "w requir+ ! /ud5t to be on 8 feet &1 if ! int]e/ is :at x %\ld be1 v few boys w compla9 ( fatigue4 ,! writ] makes x a cu/om to give1 9 ! place ( ! conv5tional recess1 a %ort five m9ute re/ p]iod4 ,boys are p]mitt$ to talk & move ab\t ! %op b he has f\nd t z _m boys pref] to cont9ue _! woodwork z pref] to re/4 ,if ! "o-f\r? day p]iod is to be us$1 x w be necess>y to give recitations & demon/rations on alt]nate days1 & w necessitate introduc+ ! "w l[] ?an ! sev5? grade4 ,x is h>dly pr(itable to beg9 s]i\s1 sy/ematic "w l[] ?an ! sev5? grade1 & :5 x is begun 9 sev5? grade x is h>dly possible to make x s]i\s ) a "t allotm5t ( less ?an "o-half day ea* week4 ,!re is n ! same ne$ = recess 9 %opwork z 9 academic "w4 ,a five m9ute re/ p]iod is suffici5t to p]mit pupils to make kn[n to ea* o!r _! wi%es or in=mation4 ,9 ?is way x is possible to dismiss ! pupils t5 m9utes e>li] ?an !y o!rwise w\ld be1 ?us all[+ ! morn+ class extra "t = rea*+ home4 ,9 ! high s*ool ! "t allotm5t is g5]ally p]mitt$ to be gov]n$ by ! p]iods arrang$ = ! academic subjects4 ,! common arrangem5t is to give two consecutive p]iods equal to two ( ! recitation p]iods ( ! academic subjects = %opwork & ano!r = draw+ ea* day ?ru\t ! week4 ,if ! p]iods are "o h\r ea*1 :i* is unusual 9 high s*ools ?o common 9 colleges1 b "o p]iod is giv5 to ! %op4 ,:]e manual tra9+ has be5 giv5 s]i\s consid]ation 9 ! sev5? & eigh? grades ( ! gramm> s*ools "u compet5t in/ructors x ought to be possible to cov] ! necess>y b5*work 9 wood 9 ! fir/ half ( ! fre%man ye> ( ! high s*ool4 ,?is w leave ! second half = turn+ or = b5*work 9 metal1 pref]ably ! latt]4 ,to me*anical draw+ ! fir/ half ( ! fre%man ye> ( "o p]iod ea* day %\ld be devot$1 foll[$ 9 ! second half by freeh& draw+1 p]spective & design4 ,! me*anical draw+ ( ! gramm> s*ools1 x w be not$ 9 ! lesson outl9es1 takes ! fir/ twelve weeks or lessons ( ea* ye>4 ,me*anical draw+ 9 gramm> s*ools is usually pres5t$ 9 "o ( ?ree ways4 ,fir/1 by hav+ ! pupil make 8 draw+ !n imm$iately make ! object drawn 9 wood1 c>ry+ on woodwork & draw+ side by side ?ru\t ! ye>4 ,second1 by hav+ ! pupil make ! object 9 wood fir/1 foll[$ by ! draw+4 ,?ird1 by tak+ ! fir/ t5 or twelve weeks ( ! ye> = mak+ up all ! draw+s ( t ye>1 foll[+ ?is ) a cont9u\s application 9 wood4 ,aft] exp]im5t+ ?ru a numb] ( ye>s ! writ] f9ds ! ?ird practice possesses _m m>k$ advantages4 ,among o!r ?+s t make x m satisfactory are ! foll[+3 ,x p]mits conc5tration ( ! pupil's att5tion ^u "o ?+ at a "t4 ,:]e woodwork & draw+ are c>ri$ on side by side or ev5 :]e !y alt]nate ! pupil's att5tion & int]e/ are divid$4 ,s mu* m int]e/+ d ! pupils f9d ! woodwork ) its fre] activity t ! draw+ suff]s immeasurably1 x be+ almo/ impossible to get any?+ l ! prop] attitude t[>d ! te*nique ( draw+ :5 ! "y pupil is all[$ to see ! imm$iate application 9 wood all ar\nd him4 ,! in/ructor's /ruggles = neatness & accuracy 9 ! draw+s are no mat* = ! b>b>\s ha/e ( ! beg9n] 9 8 desire to get ?ru ) ! draw+ & get at ! woodwork4 ,x is impossible to get conc5tration on draw+ 9 a wood%op ) tools all ab\t & ! k on ! "p ( ! pupil t only ! draw+ sep>ates him f ! tools4 ,! ideal way w\ld be to h a sep>ate draw+-room & equipm5t z 9 high s*ool4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is impracticable 9 mo/ gramm> s*ools4 ,! woodwork+ tea*] be+ ! draw+ tea*] makes x impossible to utilize bo? %op & sep>ate draw+-room to advantage4 ,! fitt+ up & heat+ ( rooms t are to be us$ only "p ( ! s*ool "t makes a sep>ate draw+-room an unw>rant$ exp5se 9 grade s*ools4 ,a satisfactory sub/itute is to utilize ! wood%op b5*es = draw+ b5*es b to remove all tools1 hav+ x di/9ctly und]/ood t t5 or twelve weeks are = draw+1 & t1 no matt] h[ _m draw+s are produc$ by a pupil1 he w beg9 no woodwork until ! "t allott$ to draw+ is up4 ,x becomes possible to secure ! "r attitude t[>d ! draw+4 ,by ?is conc5tration ( att5tion bo? draw+ & woodwork are ! ga9]s4 ,second1 x enables ! %op in/ructor to tell :at supplies are go+ to be ne$$ = ! woodwork & to get !m deliv]$ 9 "t )\t return+ f 8 summ]'s vacation sev]al weeks be=e s*ool beg9s4 ,9 ! twelve weeks ( draw+ ! woodwork+ tools & equipm5t c be look$ ov] & put 9 ord] 9 pl5ty ( "t )\t break+ into ! summ] mon?s t belong to ! in/ructor4 ,:]e ! woodwork beg9s at ! beg9n+ ( s*ool 9 ,septemb] ! in/ructor mu/ ei!r take ! =e "p ( 8 vacation at ! close ( s*ool to put 8 tools 9 %ape or1 if he has !m simply clean$ & vasel9$ by ! pupils & /ores !m = ! summ]1 he mu/ come back sev]al weeks be=e s*ool4 ,?is is true :e!r he does 8 own %>p5+ or has x done1 & ! advantage 9 hav+ woodwork beg9 "s weeks lat] ?an s*ool is v manife/4 ,?ird1 ?is latt] arrangem5t gives ! pupil an intellig5t preview ( ! :ole ye>'s "w 9 wood ?ru ! draw+s he makes 9 ! fir/ t5 or twelve weeks4 ,me*anical draw+1 ev5 9 ! grades1 has a "r to a clean1 quiet1 well light$ room )\t unnecess>y di/ractions ei!r to ! eye or e>4 ,?is1 ) a def9ite und]/&+ on ! pupil's "p t draw+ te*nique is ! major & ! utility ( ! draw+ ! m9or consid]ation1 %\ld put ! pupil 9 ! "r attitude t[>d 8 draw+ "w & make x possible to secure ! be/ draw+s he is capable ( produc+4 ,no "o1 n ev5 a f9i%$ draftsman1 c\ld produce good draw+s surr\nd$ by ! noise & du/ ( neighbor+ woodwork]s4 ,"u ! alt]nat+ sy/em !re are always sl[ pupils :o1 if !y f9i% _! draw+s be=e !y make ! application1 mu/ d x :ile ! o!rs are work+ 9 wood4 ,add to ! noise & du/ ?is pupil's feel+ t he too ought to be at 8 woodwork & ! limit ( unfavorable conditions = produc+ a draw+ are rea*$4 ,mak+ ! ye>'s draw+s ! fir/ twelve weeks ( ! ye> enables "o to avoid ^! unfavorable conditions4 ,f\r?1 ?is arrangem5t makes possible a graduat$ transition f ! quietness & re/rict$ness ( ! academic class room to ! noise & great] fre$om ( ! wood%op4 ,:5 beg9n+ pupils come to ! gramm> s*ool manual tra9+ %op = ! fir/ "t at ! beg9n+ ( s*ool 9 ,septemb]1 x is ) an ov]plus ( en]gy & noise4 ,to r$uce ^! suffici5tly to p]mit ( gett+ any?+ l satisfactory results 9 %opwork1 ! in/ructor is plac$ at once squ>ely be=e a l>ge problem 9 discipl9e4 ,?is problem is v greatly simplifi$ by introduc+ ! pupil to t5 or twelve weeks or lessons 9 me*anical draw+ be=e beg9n+ ! woodwork4 ,conditions surr\nd+ a pupil 9 me*anical draw+ classes are v simil> to ^? he f9ds 9 8 regul> academic classes & he c readily be br\ght to und]/& t quietness1 & ord]l9ess ) s]i\sness ( purpose are z necess>y a "p ( 8 manual tra9+ z ( 8 academic "w4 ,aft] ?is attitude has be5 fix$ 9 ! pupil's m9d 9 connection ) 8 manual tra9+ ?ru ! me*anical draw+ :5 ! transition to woodwork is made1 :]e m fre$om mu/ be all[$1 ! pupil w be bett] able to di/+ui% betwe5 legitimate noise & noise t is entirely unnecess>y1 & betwe5 fre$om & lic5se4 #c4 ,in=mational & ,relat$ ,matt] ,p]ta9+ to ,woodwork & ,me*anical ,draw+4 ,closely relat$ to any subject is a va/ fund ( in=mational matt]4 ,if ! /ud5t is to h an intellig5t und]/&+ ( ! subject matt]1 he mu/ be giv5 opportunity to become acqua9t$ ) at lea/ ! mo/ important ( ?is relat$ in=mation4 ,9 ! sev5? grade ! necess>y /udy ( tools & processes occupies ! pupil's "t fully4 ,9 ! eigh? grade opportunity (f]s itself = introduc+ su* subjects z wood /ructure1 tree gr[?1 lumb]+1 & mill+4 ,9 high s*ool1 ! pupil %\ld be made famili> ) ! mo/ common woods1 _! classification1 *>act]i/ics1 & uses4 ,high s*ool pupils %\ld be assign$ outside read+s on =e/ry4 ,!y %\ld secure & classify specim5s ( ! m common woods & %\ld be able to recognize ! tree by leaf1 fruit1 b>k1 wood & tree =m4 ,see ,figs4 #d1 #e1 & #f4 ,9 ! gramm> grades1 m\nt$ specim5s %\ld be prep>$ illu/rative ( tree /ructure1 %r9kage1 defects1 etc4 ,z 9 ! high s*ool1 pupils %\ld be enc\rag$ to seek & prep>e specim5s illu/rative ( ! subjects "u consid]ation4 ,x is n[ possible to r5t or pur*ase v excell5t lant]n slides on =e/ry1 lumb]+1 mill+1 etc4 ,add ! use ( ^! to t ( ! m\nt$ specim5s if at all possible4 ,! detail$ lesson outl9es indicate def9itely :]e ^! subjects are to be giv5 att5tion 9 ! c\rse4 ,! pages ( ! text are also indicat$4 ,! high s*ool libr>y %\ld be provid$ ) ! v excell5t bullet9s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,division ( ,=e/ry1 mo/ ( :i* are = free di/ribution4 #d4 ,woodf9i%+4 ,! subject ( woodf9i%+ is treat$ 9 a mann] q simil> to t ( woodwork+4 ,no pieces ( woodwork t %\ld h a f9i% are ev] s5t f ! %op until !y h be5 treat$ to a f9i% calculat$ to make !m fit = imm$iate plac+ 9 _! future surr\nd+s4 ,:ile ! g5]al outl9e ( ! c\rse 9 woodwork makes no m5tion ( woodf9i%+1 ! lesson outl9e indicates ! gradual introduction ( ! subject1 beg9n+ ) ! simple/ f9i%es fir/ & t]m9at+ 9 high s*ool 9 ! rubb$ copal v>ni%es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,*>t ,,illu/rat+ ,,wood ,,/ructure4 ,by ,t4 ,b4 ,kidn]1 ,octob]1 #aijh ,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,magaz9e ,9 woodf9i%+1 z 9 woodwork+1 ! aim has be5 to h ! pupil treat ! subject 9 a s]i\s & workmanlike mann]4 ,9 sev5? grade little woodf9i%+ is done4 ,! woodwork+ processes ne$ ! c5t]+ ( ! pupil's att5tion1 9 ! fir/ place4 ,second1 ! simple pieces :i* ! beg9n] is able to make require no f9i% z a rule4 ,9 "o gr\p /a9 & wax is us$4 ,?is is ! gr\p 9 :i* decorative design is emphasiz$4 ,9 ! eigh? grade ! woodf9i%+ problem becomes important4 ,almo/ all ( ! pieces require a f9i%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,*>t ,,illu/rat+ ,,timb] ,,defects4 ,by ,t4 ,b4 ,kidn]1 ,octob]1 #aijh ,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,magaz9e ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,*>t ,,illu/rat+ ,,prop]ties ,,( ,,trees4 ,by ,t4 ,b4 ,kidn]1 ,octob]1 #aijh ,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,magaz9e ,! greate/ ob/acle to prop] woodf9i%+ lies 9 ! desire ( ! pupil to take 8 piece home z soon z ! woodwork is complet$4 ,unless a def9ite und]/&+ is _h ) ! class be=eh&1 prop] woodf9i%+ is difficult to obta94 ,mo/ boys are subject to reason1 s t x is n at all necess>y to h woodf9i%+ slight$ or to resort to make%ifts4 ,! writ] makes x a practice to take pl5ty ( "t :5 ! subject ( woodf9i%+ comes up = its fir/ discussion to expla9 9 detail ! comm]cial me?ods ( f9i%+ f9e furniture1 a piano = illu/ration1 c\nt+ ! diff]5t op]ations & coat+s x w receive & ! labor & "t exp5d$ ^u ! f9i%4 ,a comp>ison is !n made betwe5 a f9ely rubb$ f9i% & ! *eap1 /icky1 unrubb$ f9i%es ( *eap furniture4 ,hav+ e/abli%$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! pupils ! fact t woodf9i%+ is an art second to none & t x requires "t to d x well1 !re is n t impati5ce t bre$s sull5 looks :5 ! woodf9i%+ is to be begun aft] ! woodwork has be5 complet$4 ,! pupil w take ! woodf9i%+ z a matt] ( c\rse & goes ab\t x 9 a *e]ful & manly _s4 ,9 gramm> s*ools1 woodf9i%+ has be5 made z simple z is consi/5t ) good "w4 ,com+ z ! boys d b once a week & ea* f9i%+ application requir+ ov] night = dry+ or h>d5+1 ! total "t is q long ev5 ) ! simple f9i% ( fill]1 %ellac1 & wax4 ,if ! pupil wi%es a v d>k f9i%1 a /a9 :i* requires "o or m p]iods mu/ prec$e 8 fill]4 ,9 high s*ool1 pupils come e day ?us p]mitt+ ! application ( rubb$ v>ni% f9i%es1 ei!r %ellac or copal1 )\t unnecess>y loss ( "t4 ,"h special f9i%+ rooms are necess>y4 #e4 ,/ructural & ,decorative ,design4 ,among o!r requirem5ts = a c\rse 9 woodwork & draw+ z /at$ 9 ! =eword is ?is3 8,at lea/ a few problems %\ld be giv5 :i* involve inv5tion or design or bo?1 !reby /imulat+ individual initiative on ! "p ( ! pupils40 ,! pres5t outl9es 9 woodwork & draw+ h be5 plann$ ) ?is 9 m9d4 ,9 ! sev5? grade ! pupil is giv5 little opportunity to ex]cise 8 initiative 9 ei!r woodwork or draw+4 ,! reason = ?is1 z has be5 previ\sly /at$1 is a firm belief t initiative 9 any subject to be ( value mu/ be bas$ ^u a fair k ( ! subject matt] dealt )1 its limitations & its possibilities4 ,9 o!r words1 t appreciation mu/ prec$e inv5tion or initiative4 ,) ! limit$ "t all[$ manual tra9+1 at mo/ "o-half day ea* week 9 ! g5]al educational s*eme1 a sev5? grade beg9n] has ab\t all he c well manage 9 becom+ famili> ) 8 subject matt]1 ) le>n+ to h&le 8 tools & "w 8 mat]ial4 ,b "o gr\p 9 ! sev5? grade w admit ( decorative design4 ,^! problems1 ,gr\p ,,vi1 h purposely be5 made simple z to woodwork t ! pupil may give mo/ ( 8 att5tion to ! design4 ,9 eigh? grade1 modifications ( outl9e & dim5sions ( any project are p]mitt$ :]e a fair degree ( m]it is %[n4 ,modifications ( jo9ts or fa/5+s are n to be made1 h[ev]1 unless a pupil wi%es to transf] a project f "s o!r gr\p into ! gr\p 9 :i* ! class is work+4 ,9 high s*ool ! pupil is expect$ to 8"w up0 9 8 draw+ class projects orig9al 9 s f> z 8 ability w p]mit1 subject to limitations m5tion$ h]eaft]4 ,eigh? grade boys are expect$ to make at lea/ "o application ( decorative design to ! pieces ( woodwork made4 ,! projects made by ! high s*ool boys are1 z a rule1 n s well calculat$ to take decorative design4 ,_! ef=ts at decorative design w come lat] 9 connection ) ! metalwork ( ! fir/ ye>4 ,9 high s*ool ! design is to be taught by special draw+ tea*]s :o h in=m$ !mselves ( ! limitations ( ! %op me?ods :5 x comes to apply+ ^! designs4 ,x is = ! %op in/ructor to specify ! k9d ( jo9t or jo9ts t are to be us$ & ! mat]ial1 also ! limitations z to decoration4 ,pres5t me?ods ( organization 9 high s*ools h>dly p]mit ( ! tea*+ ( %opwork & design & by ! same in/ructor1 :i* is ! ideal way provid+1 ( c\rse1 t ! in/ructor is exp]t 9 bo?4 ,?is is a comb9ation difficult to f9d4 ,x is gratify+1 h[ev]1 to "k t "s s*ools are insi/+ t _! %op m5 become in=m$ 9 design z well z %opwork4 ,:ile ^! draw+s are be+ work$ up 9 ! draft+ room ! pupil's %op p]iods are giv5 ov] to ! mak+ ( ! ex]cise jo9ts & ma/]+ ! pr9ciples involv$ 9 _! mak+4 ,by ! "t ^! ex]cises are complet$1 ! work+ draw+ w be complet$ ready = use 9 ! %op4 ,! prop] correlation ( design & %opwork is n a problem beyond solution1 because ( ! direct relation ( ! two dep>tm5ts1 provid+ !re is a /rong adm9i/rative head able to secure prop] esprit de corps4 ,9 ! gramm> s*ools1 h[ev]1 ! problem becomes less satisfactory ( solution by correlation4 ,! fir/ objection lies 9 ! fact t ! regul> grade tea*] has bo? boys & girls to tea* & ! problems mu/ !re=e be ! same = ! :ole room4 ,! second objection lies 9 ! fact t ! problem 9 design has to pass ?ru too _m h&s be=e x rea*es ! boy4 ,if design is to be taught to ! be/ advantage1 x mu/ h ! int]e/ ( ! tea*] & %e mu/ h an intellig5t und]/&+ n only ( ! subject ( design b ( ! p>ticul> problem t is to be pres5t$4 ,! difficulties 9 ! way are n insurm\ntable :]e ! draw+ sup]visor h]self pres5ts ! problem to ! pupils4 ,ev5 "h1 h[ev]1 "o frequ5tly f9ds ! draw+ sup]visor s mu* m int]e/$ 9 ! freeh& draw+ t h] dislike = ! design makes h] unfitt$ = su* correlation "w4 ,:51 h[ev]1 z is ! case 9 cities1 ! draw+ sup]visor mu/ rea* ! pupils ?ru ! regul> tea*]1 correlation becomes 9 mo/ e in/ance a f>ce4 ,! tea*+ ( design is ano!r imposition on an already ov]burd5$ grade tea*]4 ,v seldom does %e und]/& ! problem & x becomes a di/a/eful subject to be got ov] 9 ! easie/ way possible4 ,dep>tm5t tea*+ 9 ! upp] gramm> grades w\ld d mu* to aid 9 ! correlation ( draw+ & %op4 ,until ?is is made possible1 we c hope = little 9 ! way ( results f gramm> s*ool correlation1 unless x be 9 a small sy/em :]e ! sup]visor tea*es ! *ildr5 directly4 ,! :ole subject ( design z x relates to woodwork+ is a con/ant s\rce ( discussion among manual tra9+ %op m54 ,_m good tea*]s insi/ t design has no place at all 9 a c\rse 9 woodwork+4 ,o!rs admit t x ought to h a place b feel t ! results obta9$ d n ju/ify ! "t sp5t ^u x4 ,/ill o!rs approa* ! :ole field ( woodwork+ f ! side ( design1 tool processes & organiz$ woodwork+ subject matt] be+ m]e incid5ts to ! problem 9 design4 ,l e extreme position ea* ( ^! po9ts ( view has good 9 x1 b !re is suffici5t error accompany+ ea* to impair ! validity ( ! conclusions & to make ! result+ applications unhappy z relat$ to ord9>y public s*ool conditions4 ,! :ole subject ( design z x relates to ! manual tra9+ %op is "o t has dem&$ ?\ght on ! "p ( ! au?or4 ,x is "o ( ^? places :]e tea*+ !ory fail$ to br+ effici5cy ei!r 9 ! results obta9$ 9 design or 9 ! reaction ^u ! boy4 ,he has be5 =c$ to ! op9ion1 f 8 own exp]i5ce & f 8 obs]vation ( ! ef=ts ( o!rs to tea* design to gramm> s*ool pupils1 t ! cause = dissatisfaction & disc\ragem5t is due to our insi/5ce ^u "o & only "o me?od ( pres5tation--! inductive or syn!tic4 ,9 judg+ results we mu/ consid] ! results obta9$ f e memb] ( a class & ! good ea* boy has got out ( 8 exp]i5ce4 ,?is effici5cy te/ mo/ effectively excludes ! exhibition ( a few 8accid5tals0 z evid5ce t our me?od is ! correct "o4 ,!re is no reason :y design %\ld seek ju/ification on any gr\nd o!r ?an t (f]$ by o!r subjects4 ,inductive or syn!tic tea*+ ( design has its place2 s also has ! d$uctive or analytic4 ,happily ^? educators :o insi/ on ! use ( "o me?od or ! o!r only are becom+ few4 ,9 o!r subjects we are f9d+ t ! tea*+ results :i* dem& ! respect & approval ( educators ( safe & sane judgm5t are obta9$ by ! use ( bo? me?ods int]*angeably4 ,!re is no =mal notice :5 "o is to be us$ or ! o!r--:i*ev] me?od fits ! occasion is us$ )\t apology4 ,?is is "r2 to d o!rwise is to sacrifice ! boy or girl = ! sake ( ! me?od4 ,we are all agre$ t ! *ild is ! m important consid]ation4 ,9 fact1 "s psy*ologi/s tell u t induction & d$uction are "o & ! same process1 ! diff]5ce be+ m]ely a matt] ( emphasis4 ,x is ?is diff]5ce 9 plac+ ! emphasis t we seek to discuss4 ,our me?ods 9 ! high s*ool h made mu* ( ! inductive4 ,?is is "r4 ,pupils ( high s*ool & college age are ready = ?is me?od1 ?o our high s*ool pupils (t5 w\ld pr(it by hav+ a little less ( ?is ) m ( ! d$uctive4 ,h[ev]1 :5 x comes to gramm> s*ool tea*+1 ! maximum ( use has to be made ( ! d$uctive or analytic me?od4 ,?is is ackn[l$g$ 9 ! academic subjects4 ,woodwork+ :5 taught s z to meet ! effici5cy te/ t is appli$ to academic tea*+ also makes use ( ?is me?od mo/ly4 ,our design1 h[ev]1 has always be5 taught by ! inductive or syn!tic me?od1 no "o seem+ to h ! tem]ity to make use ( any o!r4 ,z a result we f9d ! views ( design 9 ! gramm> s*ool z /at$ above4 ,^? :o advocate x urge ! 8accid5tals0 z suffici5t ju/ification4 ,^? :o reject x base _! argum5t on ! fact t results bas$ on a few accid5tals w n satisfy ! same effici5cy te/ t is appli$ to o!r subjects4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n1 at lea/ to ! au?or's satisfaction1 t ! d$uctive or analytic me?od :5 giv5 maximum emphasis ) beg9n]s 9 design is all t is ne$$ to br+ ! results up to a /&>d equal to t ( o!r subjects4 ,x is ! rational me?od ( pres5t+ any subject to beg9n]s4 ,! t]ms d$uctive & inductive h su* wide application t x may be well to specify m p>ticul>ly j :at we mean4 ,a concrete illu/ration w suffice to %[ ! di/9ction we seek to make betwe5 :at we *oose to designate ! d$uctive or analytic & ! inductive or syn!tic me?ods4 ,suppose we wi% to h a class1 ) little or no in=mation ab\t ! subject1 design a booklet to meet c]ta9 specifi$ conditions4 ,?ree di/9ct /ages ( progress manife/ !mselves 9 :at we %all call ! complete me?od4 ,fir/1 ! pupils mu/ be giv5 in=mation be>+ ^u ! problem4 ,second1 !y mu/ be giv5 exp]i5ce 9 h&l+ problems ( t type4 ,?ird1 !y w utilize ?is in=mation & exp]i5ce 9 design+ ! booklet to meet giv5 conditions4 ,! fir/ /ep w be ! tak+ ( a type =m & analyz+ x4 ,ei!r ! in/ructor w demon/rate or1 bett]1 ea* pupil may be giv5 a booklet ( type =m & requir$ to take x ap>t & put x toge!r aga94 ,any way to give ! pupil ! in=mation 9 a =m t w cause x 8to /ick40 ,9 woodwork1 x w\ld be done by means ( ! traditional %op demon/ration--a wise practice1 s9ce psy*ology tea*es u t sight p]cepts are among ! /ronge/4 ,second1 ! pupils mu/ acquire exp]i5ce4 ,let !m make a booklet accord+ to def9ite specifications provid$ !m by ! in/ructor4 ,! process ?us f> is ma9ly d$uctive or analytic4 ,s f> !re has be5 no inv5tion or design1 b ! pupils are n[ prep>$ = x4 ,us+ ! in=mation & exp]i5ce n[ available1 let !m design a booklet to meet c]ta9 conditions4 ,?is latt] "p we w\ld call ! inductive or syn!tic process4 ,we %\ld h two aims 9 our tea*+ ( design3 7#a7 ,appreciation1 7#b7 ,developm5t ( ! creative faculty4 ,s9ce all mu/ be able to appreciate good l9e & good =m :5 !y get out into life :ile only a few w ev] become design]s 9 a creative s5se1 x is ess5tial1 z x is also rational1 t att5tion %\ld be paid fir/ to appreciation4 ,pa/ ef=ts %[ h[ hopeless is ! problem :5 we /rive to give to ! pupils appreciation ( & feel+ = l9e & =m by dem&+ orig9al =ms 9 ! v beg9n+4 ,! beg9n]'s ef=ts at creation are abortive & ! appreciation t he d]ives is nil4 ,by our insi/5ce on ?is me?od we h giv5 to our pupils ! idea t design means mak+ some?+ out ( no?+4 ,he is n f> wrong if we dem& ( him orig9al designs be=e we h giv5 him any?+ tangible ^u :i* to "w4 ,we say tangible z di/+ui%$ f academic pr9ciples or rules ( design4 ,if no?+ tangible is giv5 ! pupil he mu/ get x outside ( 8 s*ool exp]i5ce4 ,?is expla9s ! sup]abundance ( 8wi5]wur/0 =ms1 b\quets ti$ ) ribbons1 circles1 etc41 etc4 ,x is possible to create unkn[n out ( :at is seem+ly unkn[n4 ,:5 we /op to analyze ! process1 h[ev]1 we f9d t we h made use ( in=mation1 appreciation1 & feel+ t are kn[n4 ,sometimes we make ourselves believe t our pupils are creat+ unkn[n out ( unkn[n )\t ^! requisites4 ,analysis w %[ t our cont9u$ sugge/ions to him1 drawn f our own fund ( kn[n are ! causes1 & n ! pupil's faculty4 ,?is me?od ( tea*+ is ! k9d we h be5 us$ to 9 design4 ,x works pretty well ) small classes & individual in/ruction4 ,try x on l>ge classes ( beg9n]s & x is n possible to br+ results t /& = class effici5cy4 ,& :y %\ld ?is p>ticul> me?od be insi/$ ^u exclusively ) beg9n]s8 ,:y %\ld n design1 l me*anical draw+ & woodwork & o!r subjects be develop$ ^u a sub/ructure consi/+ ( in=mation & appreciation secur$ by all[+ or ev5 insi/+ t ! boy h&le good design until he becomes saturat$ ) a feel+ = good l9e & good =m8 ,( c\rse1 if any pupil comes to a beg9n+ class ) ?is in=mation & feel+1 due all[ance %\ld & c readily be made4 ,x is highly probable t !re w\ld be less incl9ation on ! "p ( our pupils to insi/ t design]s are born n made 7 m use made ( ! d$uctive me?od4 ,:5 ! boys no long] see _! ef=ts result 9 crudities & are enabl$ to acquire ! necess>y feel+ & in=mation z _! "w proce$s1 !n y f9d a happy & int]e/$ class t z a :ole takes design z a matt] ( c\rse & n z some?+ int5d$ only = ! few4 ,:atev] ! me?od ( tea*+ design 9 ! regul> classroom1 lack ( "t dem&s ! mo/ direct treatm5t ( %op design4 ,a gramm> s*ool boy is n incl9$ to li/5 v pati5tly to any?+ t smacks ( ! academic4 7#a7 ,give ! boy some?+ def9ite ) :i* to "w & 7#b7 keep him work+1 or 8play+10 z "o has fitt+ly designat$ x1 until he has made a consci5ti\s ef=t to 8make x a "p ( himself10 t is1 until he succe$s 9 *ang+ ! =m until x no long] resembles ! orig9al b /ill possesses ! pleas+ appe>ance ( ! orig9al4 ,if he succe$s 9 do+ ?is1 he is well on ! way to creative ef=t4 ,n all boys are ( equal ability 9 o!r l9es ( endeavor1 nei!r are !y 9 ?is4 ,by ?is me?od ( attack1 h[ev]1 ev5 ! /upide/--usually /upid only 9 ! matt] ( design--is n )\t comp5sation = 8 ef=t4 ,he has le>n$ some:at ( ! pr9ciples t gov]n good design by he>+ !m expla9$ & see+ !m illu/rat$ 9 a piece ( good design4 ,he w h develop$ "s feel+ = l9e & =m ?ru hav+ play$ ) good l9e & =m4 ,he c at ! v lea/ fit ! =m giv5 him to an outl9e made by himself aft] sugge/ions ( good l9e plac$ ^u ! bo>d4 ,to ?is ext5t1 at lea/1 y h b5efit$ him1 :]eas1 by ! usual me?od he--& !re are _m l him--w\ld h simply sat idle 9 disc\ragem5t--if he 7 n m mis*iev\sly occupi$4 ,if our old art s*ools 7 to be criticis$ because !y made too mu* use ( ! imitative me?od :5 !y /rove to give to _! /ud5ts in=mation & appreciation & feel+ = =m & l9e ?ru copy+ hi/oric ornam5t1 x w\ld seem1 f results obta9$1 bo? tangible & 9 ! effect ^u ! pupils1 t our mod]n s*ools are op5 to criticism :5 !y seek to =ce orig9ality ^u immature m9ds be=e !y h giv5 ^! m9ds any in=mation or feel+4 ,( c\rse gramm> s*ool boys are n int]e/$ 9 hi/oric ornam5t1 at lea/ n 9 ,am]ica4 ,?is is ! weakness ( ! imitative me?od & help$ to br+ 9 ! movem5t :i* n[ seems to h swung to ! opposite extreme--x lacks vitality = "y pupils4 ,in/ead ( giv+ ! boy hi/oric fragm5ts1 give him a =m t is vitally int]e/+ to him because he sees its imm$iate application 9 ! ?+ t is to be made 9 wood4 ,let him play ) ?is =m comb9+ imitation & modification & creation j z f> z he is able4 ,make ! problem concrete1 /at+ ! pr9ciples y h to /ate 9 a language ! boy c und]/&4 ,!re w n be "t to br+ out e pr9ciple t might be involv$ 9 design4 ,!re mu/ be "t to br+ out ^? involv$ 9 ! p>ticul> problem "u discussion4 ,balance & symmetry1 = illu/ration1 are pretty well und]/ood by ! boy 9 ! simple =m 9 :i* he w h occasion to use !m4 ,take z an illu/ration ! bookrack1 ,fig4 #g4 ,to pres5t su* a problem we w\ld place ^u ! blackbo>d ! blank =ms z %[n1 also ! decorative =m z %[n4 ,! lesson imm$iately divides itself into two p>ts = consid]ation3 7#a7 ,! ,con/ruction1 7#b7 ,! ,decoration4 ,"u ! subject ( ,con/ruction our normal s*ool notes w\ld sugge/ ! foll[+ po9ts to be br\ght up3 ,use1 ,con/ruction1 ,decoration2 ,requirem5ts ( ,utility2 ,limitations ( ,mat]ials & ,processes2 ,proportions ( ,p>ts & ,details2 ,h>mony ( ,p>ts & ,details2 ,po9ts ( ,=ce2 ,con/ruction z ,decoration4 7,accord+ to ,payne47 ,"u ,decoration3 ,support+ ,outl9e2 ,c5t] ( ,int]e/2 ,symmetry2 ,repetition2 ,radiation2 ,rhy?m2 ,contra/2 ,proportion 9 ,curves2 ,proportion 9 ,spaces2 ,unity2 ,subord9ate ,c5t]s ( ,int]e/2 ,balance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,tea*+ ,,design ,,9 ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,! ,,book-,,rack4 ,,con/ruction ,,decoration ,,outl9es ,,motive ,,giv5 ,,adaptation ,,application--,,by ,a ,,pupil ,tak+ ^! 9 _! natural ord]1 b )\t mak+ mu* ado ab\t ! 8framework10 ! %op man :o has made "s /udy ( ! pr9ciples involv$ c call ! boys' att5tion to ! mo/ important po9ts3 7#a7 ,! con/ruction4 ,s9ce ! %opwork is to be c>ri$ on by class in/ruction & n individually1 x w be necess>y to limit ! jo9t or jo9ts us$ to ^? specifi$ = ! ,gr\p 9 :i* ! project is to be work$ out4 ,jo9ts ( previ\s ,gr\ps may be us$ also4 ,! book rack w be made 9 ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,"s =m ( ! groove jo9t is to be us$1 none o!r4 ,"h we call att5tion to ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! design] & ! %op man 9 _! h&l+ ( ! problem4 ,! discussion ( con/ruction gives ! design] an opportunity to display ! possibilities ( 8 subject4 ,he enum]ates all ! jo9ts t may be us$ ) propriety 9 mak+ su* a piece z ! bookrack1 & ! pupils are enc\rag$ to make use ( z _m v>ieties z possible4 ,he is totally oblivi\s ( ! fact t1 :ile ?is is good tea*+ 9 design1 x is mak+ ! applications impossible except ) individual in/ruction--a me?od ( in/ruction t may be us$ 9 small s*ool sy/ems b n 9 cities4 7#b7 ,! mann] ( plac+ ! memb]s & ! use to :i* ! rack is to be put w toge!r det]m9e ! proportions ( ! memb]s4 7#c7 ,= decoration1 we might dep5d entirely ^u ! good =m ( ! outl9e & ! /a9 & gra9 ( ! wood4 ,) ?is p>ticul> piece1 h[ev]1 we %all make use ( a decorative =m :i* w be outl9$ or incis$ & color$ ) a dye4 7#d7 ,s9ce ! design is to be made 9 wood & wood splits easily along ! gra91 we mu/ be c>eful 9 mak+ an outl9e n to get %>p po9ts4 ,also1 9 mak+ a decorative design we mu/ avoid ?9 p>ts t w br+ incis$ l9es close toge!r4 ,also1 we mu/ take into acc\nt 9 plann+ ! memb]s ! facts ( %r9kage or swell+ & ! /r5g? ( ! wood4 ,! gra9 on ! v]tical memb]s mu/ ext5d v]tically & t ( ! horizontal memb] mu/ ext5d f v]tical memb] to v]tical memb]4 ,?is to be illu/rat$ by ref]r+ to "s simil> con/ruction4 7#e7 ,9 /riv+ = pleas+ outl9es1 or decorative =ms ei!r1 /rive to avoid a sam5ess made by us+ _m l9es or =ms ( ! same size4 8,l>ge1 m$ium & small0 is a key t unlocks _m a puzzle z to :at causes unpleasant feel+s 9 bo? outl9e & decoration4 ,long sweep+ curves ) %ort snappy ones1 r ?an a s]ies made ) a compass4 ,make a special po9t ( ! fact1 :i* almo/ e boy ov]looks1 t ! simple =ms ( outl9e are inv>iably ! m pleas+4 ,to ! beg9n] design means mak+ some?+ unlike any?+ t 0 ev] se5 on ! e>? bel[ or heav5 above--h5ce ! freaki%1 fussy =ms t are usually (f]$4 ,try tell+ ! class y are go+ to place an excell5t =m on ! bo>d !n draw a well proportion$ oblong & wat* ! expressions on _! faces4 ,yet a well proportion$ oblong ) appropriate decorative =m is "o ( ! mo/ pleas+ ( =ms4 ,!re w be no ne$ to urge !m to make 8unique0 =ms4 ,_! inexp]i5ce & _! zeal w produce a suffici5t numb]4 ,r urge1 or insi/ t !y po/pone se>* = 8unique0 =m until !y h m in=mation4 ,illu/rate ) blackbo>d sket*es z y g along ea* ( ^! po9ts4 ,keep ! boys 8play+0 ) outl9e =ms until y h assur$ y\rself !y h done _! be/4 ,) !m1 pick out ?ree ( ! be/ & place ^! 9 p]man5t =m = keep+--put !m on ano!r %eet ( pap]4 ,next1 />t !m on ! decoration4 ,! developm5t ( a decorative =m w come mu* h>d] ?an ! outl9e4 ,"h aga9 ! beg9n] w want to exhibit 8unique0 =ms--unique only 9 t !y are f\nd$ ^u 8 ignorance4 ,unless ! boy is n a beg9n]1 x w be necess>y 9 ab\t tw5ty-f\r out ( e tw5ty-five cases to insi/ t he />t ) ! =m y h plac$ ^u ! bo>d = 8 use4 ,if y 7 deal+ ) a few pupils1 y might take 8 8orig9al0 =m & /ep by /ep get him to "w x into a good =m4 ,) l>ge classes ?is is n possible1 nor is x necess>y4 ,simply insi/ t he place ! =m giv5 him 9 8 outl9e & 9 s do+ he w acquire en\gh feel+ = l9e & =m to enable him to proce$ ( 8 own accord4 7#f7 ,h ! boy put on a support+ outl9e1 t is1 tell him to draw a l9e ar\nd 8 outl9e & p>allel to x4 ,%[ ! class on ! blackbo>d h[ ?is is to be done4 7#g7 ,put 9 ! ma9 mass & break x up expla9+ z y d s t y are seek+ to get l>ge1 m$ium & small =ms-proportion ( p>ts4 ,call att5tion to ! ef=ts made to keep ! l9es 9 h>mony4 7#h7 ,call att5tion to ! c5t] ( int]e/ y h creat$4 ,x is un=tunate t lack ( "t =bids ! boy's plac+ colors on ^! designs4 ,v frequ5tly a t\* ( color is us$ to create a c5t] ( int]e/1 ! =m = ?is 9 black & :ite n giv+ ! prop] significance at all4 ,a design :i* 9 outl9e seems to be fussy because ( too _m p>ts w1 by a prop] selection & plac+ ( colors1 be made mo/ pleas+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a design 9 outl9e t seems agreeable may1 :5 9 color1 n be agreeable because ! colors make c]ta9 p>ts /& out too prom95tly4 ,a /udy ( ! color plate 9 ,projects 9 ,beg9n+ ,woodwork & ,me*anical ,draw+ w make ?is cle>4 7#i7 ,if ! =m propos$ happ5s to illu/rate repetition1 radiation1 symmetry1 or if "s boy develops a =m t does1 take "t to say a ^w ab\t !m4 ,:ile y w n h "t to 8tea* design0 9 ! few lessons1 a ^w "h & !re may s]ve to awak5 fur!r int]e/ on ! "p ( "s boy4 ,aft] all is said1 we recognize t ! "t is %ort1 t n mu* c be done4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :at little c be done is wor? do+ & do+ well2 its possible significance c n be ov]e/imat$4 #f4 ,%op ,excursions4 ,9 ! gramm> s*ools1 & m especially 9 ! high s*ools1 plans %\ld be made = sev]al excursions to ne> by %ops 9 :i* ! pupils may get an insight into ! work+s ( relat$ indu/ries4 ,! saw-mill1 lumb] y>ds1 plan+ mills1 furniture factories1 ar*itectural or draft+-rooms &1 9 fact1 any?+ relat+ to ! indu/rial employm5t ( m5 & ma*9]y may be visit$4 ,t ! trip may be "o ( pr(it ! in/ructor %\ld see to x t ! pupils are prep>$ = ! trip by previ\s talks on :at is to be se5 & by aft] talks on ! mean+ ( :at !y saw4 ,9 e case x w be necess>y1 or at lea/ advisable1 to h a "t arrang$ ) ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! factory to be visit$4 ,pupils %\ld be giv5 to und]/& t !y are be+ privileg$ & mu/ act ! "p ( g5tlem51 refra9+ f ask+ ne$less que/ions ( ! workm5 or h&l+ ! equipm5t4 ,9 _m factories no talk+ to ! m5 at all is desir$4 ,! que/ions ( "y pupils are (t5 imp]t95t & emb>ass+ )\t _! int5d+ !m s to be4 ,! bett] plan is1 z has j be5 sugge/$1 to h ! pupils prep>$ by prelim9>y talks !n take !m ?ru ! %op ) eyes & e>s only op51 cl9*+ ! lessons ( obs]vation aft]w>d4 ,pupils %\ld keep toge!r 9 solid l9es &1 %\ld any accid5t occur1 ! in/ructor %\ld see t any loss to ! factory own] or workm5 is 8made good40 ,usually ! class w volunt>ily make recomp5se4 ,x is saf] & less likely to cause emb>assm5t if x is und]/ood be=eh& t all memb]s ( ! class :o g w be expect$ to help repay ! in/ructor = any money s exp5d$4 ,"o might ?9k ! company well able to /& su* loss4 ,x is1 b x is n always ! company's loss4 ,ev5 if x 71 _! c\rtesy ought n to be abus$4 ,we h 9 m9d a mold = an intricate piece ( ca/+ repres5t+ a day's labor = two m5 ru9$ by a /ud5t's accid5tally bru%+ aga9/ x ) 8 ov]coat4 ,z ! m5 7 on 8piece "w0 x meant no loss to ! company1 except delay 9 gett+ out ! f9i%$ article4 ,x did mean a loss to ! two m51 :o c\ld ill af=d x4 ,! in/ructor quietly settl$ = ! damage or loss & ! pupils reimburs$ him ^u rea*+ s*ool4 ,?is probably prev5t$ ! factory f exclud+ succe$+ classes z undesirables4 ,9 woodwork+ %ops !re is little *ance = su* accid5ts4 ,nev]!less workm5 !re d n wi% _! tools or "w h&l$4 ,ea* class %\ld be> con/antly 9 m9d1 :ile on ! %op excursions1 t x is mak+ succe$+ classes welcome or unwelcome 9 t %op4 #g4 ,/ock ,bills4 ,e piece ( woodwork made by a pupil consi/+ ( m ?an "o memb] %\ld h 9 addition to ! work+ draw+ a c>efully made /ock bill4 ,! reason is two-fold3 ,x n only prev5ts ! pupil's cutt+ out /ock wrongly ?ru misread+ ! draw+1 b x saves "t = ! pupil4 ,x is a practice t he w h to ma/] lat] 9 life if he foll[s any ( ! me*anical trades & is j z ess5tial a "p ( 8 %opwork z is ! draw+ or woodwork4 ,:]e ! draw+s are made by ref]r+ to plates1 exp]i5ce has %[n t _m a boy w be able to make a good draw+ )\t fully int]pret+ its mean+4 ,! mak+ ( ! /ock bill w %[ him 8 weakness1 also x w %[ ! in/ructor4 ,no boy c make out 8 /ock bill )\t be+ able to read 8 draw+4 ,aft] ! draw+ has be5 made & !n its /ock bill1 ! boy w h become s conv]sant ) ! plans ( ! ?+ he is to make t few mi/akes are made 9 work+ ! wood1 t is1 mi/akes due to ignorance ( ! draw+4 ,,/ock ,,bill 7,=m7 ,,"n ,,article ,,grade ,,k9d ,,( ,,wood ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,f9i%$ ,,sizes ,,cutt+ ,,sizes ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,pieces,?ickness,wid?,l5g?,pieces,?ickne ss,wid?,l5g? ---------------------------------------- ------------ #a #c #e #a #a #f #a #a #d #a #a #e #b #a #i #b #c #i #a #e #ab #a #e #ab ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,,in/ructions ,all articles 9 sev5? grade w be made ( ,:ite ,p9e or ,yell[ ,popl>2 ^? 9 eigh? grade ( ,*e/nut4 ,/ock bills are n ne$$ = articles compos$ ( "o piece ( mat]ial only4 ,f9i%$ sizes are ! sizes to :i* ! pieces are to be plan$4 ,y\r draw+ w tell y ^! sizes4 ,pieces ( irregul> %ape are to be figur$ at _! wide/ & longe/ dim5sions4 ,cutt+ sizes are obta9$ f ! f9i%$ sizes by add+ to ! wid? & to ! l5g?4 ,cutt+ sizes are ! sizes to :i* y "w 9 saw+ out ! /ock prep>atory to plan+ x4 ,all /ock w be mill-plan$ on two surfaces to ! correct ?ickness except t = ! r+ toss1 spool hold]1 game-bo>d1 & laundry regi/]4 ,?ickness ( mill-plan$ /ock w be ! same :e!r = f9i%$ sizes or cutt+ sizes4 ,on r\gh /ock1 or /ock t has n be5 mill-plan$1 if ! f9i%$ size is ?ick ! cutt+ size w be #a ?ick4 ,sometimes x is possible to save mat]ial by comb9+ two irregul> pieces4 ,! f9i%$ /ock sizes w indicate ! numb] ( pieces :ile ! cutt+ size w indicate ! size ( ! s+le piece f :i* !y are to be cut4 ,rememb] t l5g? always means 8along ! gra9 ( ! wood10 & t a piece may be wid] ?an long4 ,"u ! ^w 8,pieces0 put ! numb] ( pieces t are ( ! same size4 ,9 ! elem5t>y s*ools ! =m ( /ock bill us$ %\ld be z simple & explicit z is possible4 ,! app5d$ =m is "o t has prov5 satisfactory4 ,t x may be 9 conv5i5t =m = /ud5t use1 x has be5 includ$ ) 8,projects 9 ,beg9n+ ,woodwork & ,me*anical ,draw+10 z also is ! ,=m = ,price ,li/ & ,e/imate ( ,co/4 #h4 ,e/imat+ ,co/ ( ,mat]ial4 ,! accompany+ =m indicates cle>ly :at is expect$ ( ! boys 9 figur+ _! co/ ( mat]ial4 ,s9ce ^! co/s are figur$ be=e ! articles are made 9 wood1 no acc\nt is tak5 ( mat]ial wa/$4 ,) a c>efully plann$ c\rse ( projects & an in/ructor :o kn[s ! possibilities ( requir+ a boy to r$uce ! size ( 8 piece :5 "o memb] has be5 r$uc$ "u size !re is v little use = extra /ock4 ,z a rule :at /ock is s return$ c be us$ = o!r small] p>ts4 ,if a boy is unnecess>ily wa/eful1 he %\ld be requir$ to figure extra /ock4 ,?is is to be done only 9 ju/ice to ! o!r boys1 n z a *eck to ! wa/eful boy4 ,su* boys1 z a rule r glory 9 _! wa/efulness4 ,! be/ *eck = su* a boy is to require him to use 8 orig9al /ock1 r$uc+ ! sizes ( all affect$ pieces z may be necess>y4 ,z ?is is1 9 all probability1 ! fir/ problem 9 :i* ! boys deal ) approximate r ?an ma!matically exact results1 ! in/ructor %\ld n become disc\rag$ ) _! fir/ attempts4 ,no bett] opportunity exi/s = introduc+ ! boys to problems su* z w confront !m aft] !y leave s*ool4 ,! in/ructor w d well to *eck ! boys' results by means ( 8 own previ\sly figur$ results aft] ! boys are all ?ru _! figur+4 ,!re is a diff]5ce betwe5 figur+ = an answ] previ\sly giv5 & figur+ z !y mu/ aft] leav+ s*ool4 ,9 ord] = ! boy to figure 8 bills he mu/ h a ,price ,li/4 ,a =m = a price li/ su* z is ne$$ = ! mat]ials t are to be us$ 9 8,projects 9 ,beg9n+ ,woodwork & ,me*anical ,draw+0 is app5d$4 ,! prices giv5 are nei!r retail nor :olesale b ab\t midway betwe5 :at ! boy w\ld h to pay = 8 /ock b\ght 9 ! limit$ quantity he ne$s & ! co/ to ! s*ool 9 quantity lots4 ,only ! be/ ( lumb] is us$4 ,money might be sav$ by buy+ %ort l5g?s b none is sav$ by buy+ 8cull0 /ock ) ! expectation ( cutt+ out ! defects4 ,! prices are = ,*icago1 #aiaa-aiab1 & are ins]t$ = comp>ison only4 ,on lumb]1 #ae to #be p] c5t has be5 add$ = wa/e 9 cutt+ up4 ,s9ce all ( ! /ock us$ 9 ! grades is 9 bo>d =m1 wood f9i% is figur$ only = ! two broad surfaces4 ,! price w be f\nd suffici5t to cov] ! mat]ial us$ on edges4 ,! price w also cov] su* wa/e z ord9>ily comes ?ru ! inexp]i5c$ h&l+ on ! "p ( ! boys--!y w n 8spread out0 ! mat]ials to z good advantage z w a me*anic1 ( c\rse4 7,=m1 rev]se side ( a ,/ock ,bill7 ,,e/imate ,,( ,,co/ ,,( ,,mat]ial ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #b squ>e feet ( in* /ock #g;c 4#ad squ>e ft4 ( in* /ock #e;c 4#jb #d #a in*1 ,no4 #aj1 flat head1 bright screws c 4#ja #e squ>e feet ( f9i% #a;c 4#je ------ 4#bb ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,in/ructions ,base y\r lumb] e/imate on ! ,cutt+ ,sizes4 ,all prices ( lumb] 9 y\r ,price ,li/ are p] squ>e foot1 !re=e y\r /ock %\ld be figur$ by surface measure1 only wid?1 l5g?1 & numb] ( pieces be+ consid]$4 ,fractions ( an in* & fractions ( a c5t are n consid]$1 except 9 ! price p] foot1 & 9 ! numb] ( feet z not$ 9 ! next p>agraph4 ,if ! fraction is or ov]1 use ! next high] :ole numb]2 ?us1 #b or #b becomes #c4 ,if ! fraction is less ?an 1 drop x2 ?us1 #b becomes #b4 ,9 figur+1 f9d ! numb] ( squ>e in*es 9 all pieces t are ! same 9 price p] foot4 ,r$uce ?is to squ>e feet by divid+ by #add4 ,r$uce x decimally & d n c>ry ! result beyond t5?s place4 ,dispose ( any fractional figures beyond t5?s z direct$ above4 ,always write y\r decimal z a fractional =m 9 ! bill--o!rwise a decimal po9t might be ov]look$ & ! result be greatly *ang$4 ,9 ! =m above note t 4#c is writt5 4 ,9 figur+ f9i%1 bo? surfaces ( ! /ock are to be cov]$ s t ! easie/ way to f9d ! numb] ( squ>e feet ( f9i% is simply to d\ble ! numb] ( squ>e feet ( lumb]4 ,edges are n consid]$4 ,only ,gr\ps ,,vi1 ,,vii1 & ,,viii h f9i% appli$4 ,,price ,,li/ #aiaa-aiab4 ,,lumb]-- ,*e/nut1 #a/ grade1 cle>1 kiln-dri$3 ,s-#b-,s to 1 p] squ>e foot #e;c ,s-#b-,s to 1 p] squ>e foot #g;c ,s-#b-,s to #a1 p] squ>e foot #i;c ,yell[ ,popl> or ,:ite ,p9e1 cle>1 kiln-dri$3 ,s-#b-,s to 1 p] squ>e foot #e;c ,s-#b-,s to 1 p] squ>e foot #f;c ,s-#b-,s to 1 p] squ>e foot #g;c ,r\gh1 #a1 p] squ>e foot #f;c ,,h>dw>e-- ,screws3 #a ,no4 #aj1 flat head1 bright1 ea* c #a ,no4 #aj1 flat head1 bright1 ea* c #a ,no4 #aj1 flat head1 bright1 ea* c #b ,no4 #aj1 flat head1 bright1 ea* c #c ,no4 #aj1 flat head1 bright1 ea* c ,no4 #aj1 r\nd head1 blu$1 ea* c #a ,no4 #aj1 r\nd head1 blu$1 ea* c ,nails3 #f;d1 common wire 7us$ )1 & price includ$ 9 ,mission nail7 #a ,no4 #ag wire brads 7us$ 9 ,gr\ps ,v & ,,vi ) /ock7 en\gh nails = nail+ "o box #a;c #a ,no4 #af wire f9i%+ nails 7us$ 9 ,gr\ps ,,vii & ,,viii7 en\gh nails = nail+ "o project #b;c ,no4 #afag & #afah ,mission nails1 ea* #a;c ,,miscellane\s-- ,no4 #ha1 brass %\ld] hooks = key rack1 ea* #a;c ,no4 #ha1 #a brass %\ld] hooks = plate rack1 ea* #a;c #b black ,japann$ wire coat hooks1 ea* #a;c ,wire hook = coat hang]1 ea* #a;c ,no4 #abad brass screw-eye & ,no4 #afad hook 7cal5d> m\nt7 p] pair1 #a;c ,fixtures = electric lights & hooks = hall mirror are to be pur*as$ by ! individual--prices & ta/es v>y s greatly4 ,wood ,f9i%3 ,/a91 fill]1 %ellac1 wax or fill]1 %ellac1 wax or /a9 & wax1 p] squ>e foot ( surface #a;c #i4 ,lumb] & ,mat]ial ,bill = ,high ,s*ool4 ,9 ! gramm> s*ools ! lumb] is figur$ by surface measure p] squ>e foot & ! =m ( bill is made z simple z is possible4 ,a high s*ool boy %\ld be able to h&le a problem some:at m 9 keep+ ) comm]cial practice4 ,9 addition to ! mat]ial co/ he %\ld keep acc\nt ( ! "t exp5d$ 9 mak+ 8 piece ( woodwork s t he may figure ! labor co/ z well4 ,! small size ( ! /ock us$ does n admit ( ! full comm]cial practice4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ought to be expla9$ to ! class at ?is "t4 ,! foll[+ =m is = ,high ,s*ool use3 ,,price ,,li/1 #ai---- #ai---- ,,lumb]--,quality1 #a/1 cle>1 & kiln-dri$4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,k9d ,,( ,,wood ,p] #ajjj feet :5 surfac$ on two sides ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,?ickness 9 ! ,r\gh #a #a #a #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,yell[ ,popl> ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,:ite ,p9e ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,saw$ ,:ite ,oak ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,mahogany ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,saw$ ,r$ ,sycamore ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,black ,walnut ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,pla9 ,saw$ ,r$ ,oak ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,h>dw>e-- ,= prices on h>dw>e consult ,h>dw>e ,catalog provid$ = y4 ,figure retail price1 t is1 figure screws at price p] doz51 n price p] gross4 ,,woodf9i%-- ,p] squ>e foot ( surface cov]$4 ,,labor-- ,p] h\r4 7,=m = high s*ool use7 ,,bill ,,( ,,mat]ial ,,"n ,,date ,,begun ,,class ,,date ,,f9i%$ ,,article ,,extra ,,h\rs ,pieces ,size ,description ---------------------------------------- ------------- #b #c #ab,walnut ,slats ,s-#b-,s to 94 #a #a #h #ad 8 ,/ret*] 8 94 #f #a #c #ab 8 ,rails 8 8 #a #a #ad #ad 8 ,top 8 8 #d #aa #bd 8 ,po/s 8 #a 94 #h #b in* ,no4 #aj ,flat ,head ,brt4 ,screws #d #a in* ,no4 #aj 8 8 8 8 #ac sq4 feet ,wood ,f9i% ,,mat]ial ,,co/ #cj hrs4 ,labor ,pieces ,size ,price ,feet ,co/ ---------------------------------------- -------------- #b #c #ab 4#aj 4#je #a #a #h #ad #f #a #c #ab 4#aj #jc 4#ci #a #a #ad #ad #d #aa #bd 4#aa #jb 4#bb 4#ff #h #b in* ,no4 #aj 4#jj 4#jd #d #a in* ,no4 #aj 4#jj 4#ja 4#je #ac sq4 feet 4#ja 4#ac ----------------- 4#hd #cj hrs4 4#ae #d 4#ej ----------------- ,,total ,,co/ #e4cd ,,in/ructions ,"u 8pieces0 put ! numb] ( p>ts t are alike4 ,"u 8size0 put ! v>i\s dim5sions ( pieces4 ,9 f9d+ ! sizes ( ! v>i\s pieces ( lumb]1 exam9e ! work+ draw+s = f9i%$ dim5sions1 mak+ due additions = t5ons1 !n add to ! wid? & to ! l5g? to all[ = cutt+ out & squ>+ up4 ,?o y are to make use ( /ock mill-plan$ to ?ickness1 y are to specify ! ?icknesses f :i* ?is mill-plan$ /ock is got4 ,all[ = mill-plan+4 ,rememb] t l5g? always means along ! gra94 ,fractions ( an in* 9 wid? & l5g? are n consid]$4 ,nei!r are fractions ( a c5t 9 ! f9al results4 ,if ! fraction is or ov]1 take ! next high] :ole numb]4 ,if x is less ?an 1 drop x4 ,fractions ( an in* 9 ?icknesses t are ov] #a & fractions ( a c5t 9 ! price p] foot are to be figur$ z !y are4 ,lumb] is measur$ by ! sup]ficial foot :i* is #a #ab #ab4 ,bo>ds t are less ?an #a ?ick are sold by surface measure4 ,9 o!r words1 bo>ds less ?an #a ?ick are figur$ = quantity z #a ?ick4 ,/&>d saw$ ?icknesses are #a1 #a1 #a1 #b1 #b1 #c1 #c1 #d4 ,?icknesses less ?an #a necessitate re-saw+ ^! sizes4 ,9 "s communities ! price p] squ>e foot = re-saw$ /ock v>ies = ea* diff]5ce ( 9 ?ickness4 ,9 figur+1 multiply ! l5g? by ! wid? by ! ?ickness1 by ! numb] ( pieces4 ,if any piece is less ?an #a ?ick figure x z #a4 ,comb9e all results t are ! same 9 price p] foot4 ,r$uce to squ>e feet by divid+ by #add4 ,r$uce decimally & d n c>ry ! result beyond t5?s place4 ,dispose ( any fractional "p beyond t5?s z direct$ above4 ,write y\r result 9 fractional =m t ! decimal po9t may n be ov]look$ & be ! cause ( tr\ble4 ,! price li/ gives ! price ( lumb] p] #a1jjj feet4 ,! price p] foot is readily obta9able4 ,9 figur+ f9i% = ^! cab9et pieces1 d\ble ! numb] ( feet ( /ock z giv5 by ! /ock bill to get ! numb] ( feet ( f9i%4 ,?is is only an approximate me?od b is suffici5tly accurate = su* pieces z are to be made 9 fir/ ye> high s*ool1 z specifi$ 9 8,advanc$ ,projects 9 ,woodwork10 ,gr\p ,,ix4 #aj4 ,/&>diz+ ,mat]ials & ,tools4 ,/&>dization 9 ! manual tra9+ %op is j z desirable & z pr(itable z 9 comm]cial %ops4 ,n infrequ5tly "y tea*]s beg9 _! "w ) ! idea t ! great] v>iety ( tools & mat]ials !y c introduce into _! c\rse ! ri*] is its cont5t4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t ?is is true b exp]i5ce w soon prove t !re is a limit beyond :i* x is n pr(itable to g4 ,9 gramm> s*ools1 ) classes ( tw5ty1 x is inadvisable to h m ?an "o plane on a b5*--or ev5 9 ! g5]al tool equipm5t1 if ! c\rses outl9$ h]e) are foll[$4 ,by plann+ ! jo9t "w c>efully be=eh&1 or requir+ ! pupils to plan _! jo9ts accord+ to c]ta9 /&>ds z to size1 no m ?an two *isels ne$ be plac$ at ! disposal ( ea* boy & none 9 ! g5]al equipm5t4 ,! same may be said ( bits1 etc4 ,make use ( c]ta9 screw sizes1 z few z c be us$ to advantage1 & equip 9 aug] bits accord+ly4 ,?is practice n only is less exp5sive b x enables ! in/ructor to keep ! equipm5t well 9 h& bo? z to %>p5+ & acc\nt+4 ,except ) individual ov]sight1 9 small classes1 x is n advisable to plan projects = gramm> s*ools 9 :i* holes small] ?an diamet] are to be bor$4 ,! exp5se ( ma9ta9+ or replac+ bits ( small] size t get brok5 is unw>rant$4 ,( c\rse1 x is n to be inf]r$ f ! =ego+ t any necess>y tool is to be omitt$1 or t any tool is to be made to d a "w t w cause x to be injur$ !reby4 ,!re is educational value 9 ! way ( imp>t+ in=mation 9 provid+ pupils ) a diff]5t k9d ( wood = ea* project4 ,?is us$ to be specifi$ 9 "s ( ! v be/ c\rses "s ye>s ago4 ,today ! t5d5cy is n only to /&>dize ! k9ds ( wood b to /&>dize ! ?ickness4 ,! economic problems aris+ f ! h&l+ ( _m k9ds & sizes ( lumb] m ?an (fset ! in=mational value t p]ta9s to ! practice4 ,a /udy ( samples ( wood t are plac$ )9 easy rea* ( ! pupils w comp5sate some:at = ! loss occasion$ by /&>diz+ ! k9ds ( /ock4 ,aft] all1 ! pres5tation ( ?ree or f\r type woods is ab\t all t c be expect$1 z ! "w is n[ pres5t$4 ,wood f9i%es c be /&>diz$ 9 a mann] simil> to t ( lumb] & h>dw>e4 ,!re is und\bt$ly educational value 9 a boy's mak+ 8 own /a9s4 ,"u ord9>y s*ool conditions1 h[ev]1 x is n possible to h him d s4 ,nor is x advisable = ! in/ructor himself to mix 8 own f9i%+ mat]ials4 ,ev5 ! mo/ exp]t woodf9i%]s f9d x tax+ _! ability to mix a fre% lot ( /a9 t w exactly mat* t ( a previ\s lot4 ,!re is ne>ly always "s boy1 or boys1 ) pieces b p>tly cov]$ :5 ! /a9 9 any giv5 lot is exhau/$4 ,! be/ way1 ev]y?+ consid]$1 is to make use ( "s /&>d color ( f9i% 9 /a9 & fill]4 ,:5 a giv5 quantity is exhau/$ x is an easy matt] to ord] m ( ! same color ) ! assurance t ! color ( ! new lot w mat* t ( ! old4 ,x is n possible to tea* ev]y?+ 9 ! %ort "t all[$ & !re are excell5t reasons = omitt+ ^!4 ,! price li/ & ! li/ ( equipm5t giv5 h]e9 %[ to :at ext5t ! au?or has /&>diz$ 8 mat]ial & tools4 #aa4 ,records1 ,=ms ( ,reports1 ,grad+ ,"w4 ,! foll[+ =ms h prov5 satisfactory4 7,=m = front cov]7 ,,class ,,book ,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,c5t] ,,in/ructor 7,=m = pages7 ,s*ool ,grade ,tea*] ,,names ,att5dance,grade,acct4 ,deportm5t ,septemb] ,octob]1 ,etc4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #a ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #c ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,etc4 ,! =ego+ =m is = use 9 gramm> s*ool c5t]s4 ,"o book = ea* c5t] w suffice4 ,on ! cov]1 ! in/ructor w fill 9 ! "n ( ! s*ool at :i* ! c5t] is locat$1 also 8 own "n4 ,!re %\ld be plac$ aft] 8s*ool0 on ! inn] page ! "n ( ! s*ool f :i* any class ( boys come4 ,_! grade & ! "n ( _! academic tea*] is to be fill$ 94 ,9 m>k+ att5dance 9 ! class book1 use a %ort /raight l9e = abs5ce4 ,if a boy is m>k$ abs5t & lat] comes 91 a /raight horizontal l9e ?ru ! v]tical l9e made to indicate abs5ce w indicate t>d9ess4 ,by arrang+ ^! m>ks 9 ! squ>e 9 "s def9ite ord] ! p>ticul> "t ( abs5ce or t>d9ess c be told4 ,= example1 if a class comes to manual tra9+ once a week1 a m>k 9 ! upp] left h& corn] may indicate abs5ce or t>d9ess ! fir/ week ( t mon?2 if 9 ! upp] "r h& corn]1 = ! second week1 etc4 ,9 ! column m>k$ 8,grade0 w be record$ ! tea*]'s e/imate ( ! boy's "w4 ,9 "s s*ools boys are requir$ to pay = mat]ial us$4 ,! column m>k$ 8,acct40 is to be us$ 9 keep+ record ( money paid by ! pupil4 ,! column m>k$ = deportm5t is n to be fill$ unless a boy insi/s 9 call+ ! in/ructor's att5tion to himself because ( 8 misconduct4 ,on su* occasions a *eck is record$ aft] 8 "n at ! "t repro( is giv54 ,^! books w be tak5 up by ! sup]visor ( manual tra9+ at ! close ( ! ye> & w be kept by him4 ,boys :o ent] or leave at times o!r ?an ! beg9n+ or close ( ! regul> s*ool p]iod %\ld h ! fact & date indicat$ 9 connection ) _! names4 ,:]e money is collect$ f /ud5ts1 ! sup]visor %\ld insi/ t ! in/ructor keep a sep>ate purse = ?is purpose 9 addition to keep+ a record 9 8 class book4 ,! class book record w be ( s]vice 9 *eck+ ! purse acc\nt & 9 aid+ 9 settl+ any dispute betwe5 in/ructor & boy & 9 giv+ ! sup]visor a *eck 9 case any p>5t asks = in=mation4 ,x is n an unusual ?+1 h[ev]1 = ! in/ructor to f9d 8 purse acc\nt 9 excess ( 8 book acc\nt4 ,?is is due to ! fact t he has =gott5 9 ! /ress ( o!r %op duties to make a record4 ,9 su* a case ! purse acc\nt1 n ! book acc\nt is to be turn$ 94 ,s9ce ! in/ructor is n a pur*as+ ag5t !re w nev] be occasion = 8 book acc\nt to exce$ 8 ca% acc\nt4 ,! directions giv5 = ! gramm> s*ool class book apply equally to ?is high s*ool =m1 except t ! week is ! unit in/ead ( ! mon?4 ,if a class comes five days 9 ! week1 a m>k 9 ea* ( ! f\r corn]s ( ! squ>e = ,att5dance & "o 9 ! c5t] w indicate t ! boy 0 abs5t or t>dy five times t week4 ,always plac+ ! m>ks 9 def9ite places = def9ite days w indicate :at day ( ! week a boy 0 abs5t or t>dy4 7,=m = ,high ,s*ool7 7,out] cov]7 ,,class ,,book ,,s*ool ,,%op ,,in/ructor 7,=m = pages7 ,class ,section ,,names ,att5dance,grade,acct4,deportm5t ,fir/ ,week ,second ,week1 ,etc4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #a ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #b ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #c ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,etc4 ,at ! end ( ea* mon? !re w ne$ to be s5t to ! regul> grade tea*] in=mation sugge/$ 9 ! foll[+ =m4 ,?is =m1 :5 ! tea*] takes (f ! data conta9$ !reon1 is to be return$ to ! manual tra9+ c5t]4 ,! in=mation conta9$ ^u ?is =m is to be us$ by ! regul> tea*] 9 mak+ up h] mon?ly report = ! boys ^: names are record$4 ,deportm5t & att5dance w be comb9$ ) simil> m>ks 9 ! regul> "w :ile ! manual tra9+ grade w be record$ 9 ! space s indicat$ on ! regul> mon?ly report4 ,z = ! =m ( ! mon?ly report = ! high s*ool1 mo/ high s*ools h _! m>k+ sy/ems s arrang$ t ! diff]5t in/ructors c transf] _! m>k+s directly f ! class book to ! c>d4 ,if a =m is desir$1 ! gramm> s*ool mon?ly report w answ] z well = ! high s*ool by *ang+ ! words 8,s*ool0 & 8,grade0 to 8,%op0 & 8,section40 ,,mon?ly ,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,report ,,s*ool ,,grade ,,tea*] ,,names ,times ,times,grade,deportm5t ,t>dy,abs5t ,septemb] ,octob]1 ,etc4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #a ---------------------------------------- -------------- #b ---------------------------------------- -------------- #c ---------------------------------------- -------------- #d ---------------------------------------- -------------- #e ---------------------------------------- -------------- #f ---------------------------------------- -------------- #g ---------------------------------------- -------------- #h ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,etc4 ,to ! ,tea*]--,deportm5t is satisfactory unless *eck$4 ,a boy ) two or m *ecks ne$s a ^w ( caution & advice4 ,excuses = abs5ce or t>d9ess are to be giv5 ! regul> tea*] except :]e a boy is abs5t f manual tra9+ b is 9 att5dance at ! regul> s*ool ! same day4 ,9 su* a case ! excuse is to be giv5 ! %op in/ructor4 ,9 addition to ?is ! tea*] w appo9t a monitor :o w telephone to h] ! class att5dance at ! beg9n+ ( ea* manual tra9+ p]iod4 ,unw>rant$ abs5tees are to be att5d$ to by h]4 ,?is record is to be return$ at ! v e>lie/ opportunity to ! manual tra9+ %op4 ,o!rwise1 x may be ! cause ( delay 9 y\r gett+ y\r class report f manual tra9+ ! foll[+ mon?4 ,9 grad+ "w ! t5d5cy today is n to try to make f9e di/9ctions su* z #hc p] c5t1 etc4 8,excell5t0 = "w t is equal to t ( a me*anic1 8,good0 = "w t is above av]age1 8,pass$0 = av]age "w & 8,poor0 = "w t is n acceptable w be suffici5tly exact4 ,if ! sy/em ( m>k+ is by numb]s1 m>k by t5s1 z #ij1 #hj1 #gj1 & #fj1 sev5ty be+ 8,pass$40 #ab4 ,%op ,conduct4 ,9 conduct1 a boy at ! manual tra9+ c5t] %\ld be gov]n$ by ! same rules t obta9 9 ! regul> s*ool1 ) slight exception4 ,x is sometimes argu$ t %opwork provides an opportunity = free & natural or unre/rict$ action on ! "p ( ! pupils4 ,?is !y argue is a di/9ct advantage ( manual tra9+ ov] ! re/ra9t ( ! academic classroom & results 9 great] developm5t educationally4 ,!oretically ?is seems reasonable4 ,practically1 x soon becomes evid5t t "y pupils1 su* z our manual tra9+ boys1 are lack+ sadly 9 judgm5t 9 ! p[] to discrim9ate betwe5 lib]ty & lic5se 9 %op conduct4 ,all[ !m ! privilege ( talk+ to "o ano!r ab\t necess>y matt]s )\t ask+ p]mission ( ! in/ructor & y mu/ be a /rong tea*] to prev5t abuse ( ! privilege4 ,to all[ unre/rict$ conv]sation1 h[ev]1 is decid$ly bad4 ,ev5 ) gr[n m5 & wom5 work+ 9 %ops1 only re/rict$ conv]sation is all[$4 ,! reason is evid5t4 ,if ) m5 & wom5 ( suppos$ judgm5t !re mu/ be insi/5ce on ord] & sy/em1 h[ mu* m s ) immature boys4 ,h def9ite signals & insi/ ^u _! be+ he$$ promptly4 ,! ?ree bells us$ 9 ! regul> s*ool "w s]ve well to op5 ! s*ool4 ,"o1 ! op5+ ( ! doors2 two1 ! call to ord]2 ?ree1 ! t>dy bell4 ,"s in/ructors d n all[ ! pupils to ent] ! %op--d n op5 ! %op--until ! second bell r+s4 ,o!r in/ructors all[ ! boys to ent] ! %op at ! fir/ bell & beg9 "w z soon z !y l4 ,! fir/ me?od is us$ ma9ly 9 l>ge cities :]e l>ge classes h to be c>$ = & :]e ! boys are morally inacute4 ,! second is pref]able 9 "s ways4 ,x all[s ! pupil to make ! mo/ ( 8 "t4 ,x has ! disadvantage 9 t x requires ! in/ructor's imm$iate sup]vision aft] ! fir/ bell1 or else all[s ! pupil to commit errors because ( no sup]vision4 ,z a rule x is ! boy :o mo/ ne$s ! extra "t :o does n make use ( ! privilege4 ,( c\rse1 :]e pupils are n admitt$ to ! %op be=e ! second bell1 provision mu/ be made = tak+ c>e ( !m inside ! build+ 9 inclem5t wea!r4 ,to fully appreciate ! m]its ( ei!r practice x %\ld be expla9$ t ea* boy is to be held responsible = ! tools at 8 b5* & ! class z a :ole = all o!r tools4 ,ea* boy is expect$ to look ov] 8 tools ^u com+ into ! %op t he may report any tool t is miss+ or damag$4 ,%\ld he fail to make a report until late 9 ! p]iod1 or n at all he %\ld be made to feel ! responsibility4 ,brok5 or lo/ tools %\ld be paid = z ! case m]its4 ,at ! close ( ! p]iod1 all tools are to be 9 _! places ready = ! in/ructor's inspection4 ,x %\ld be expla9$ to ! pupils t ?is inspection is n to relieve !m ( responsibility b m]ely to assi/ !m 9 avoid+ an ov]sight4 ,unnecess>y damage to ! b5* is to be report$ & ! responsibility fix$ z is t conc]n+ tools4 ,at ! r+ ( ! t>dy bell e boy %\ld be 9 8 place ) 8 mat]ial1 ready = "w4 ,s9ce ! recitation g5]ally foll[s ! t>dy bell1 t %\ld be ! signal = quietness & att5tion su* z is dem&$ 9 ! regul> s*oolroom4 ,! in/ructor w h m>k$ 8 att5dance by ! "t ! pupils h got 9 ord] & ! recitation may beg9 at once4 ,insi/ ^u cont9u$ att5tion dur+ ! recitation & demon/ration4 ,! au?or has made x a po9t to call ^u any boy %[+ signs ( inatt5tion to recite4 ,no boy likes to be consid]$ a dull>d & usually he w confess to inatt5tion aft] :i* ! prop] note c be made ( x4 ,:]e ! full half-day is giv5 to %opwork1 a five m9ute re/ p]iod is advisable4 ,?is all[s ! boys to relax & to make kn[n to "o ano!r _! ideas4 ,:]e possible1 !y %\ld be all[$ to move ab\t & conv]se freely4 ,"u no circum/ances1 h[ev]1 %\ld !re be all[$ scuffl+ or l\d talk1 ei!r at re/ or be=e ! t>dy bell4 ,aside f ! damage t might be done !mselves & ! equipm5t1 !re %\ld be in/ill$ a feel+ ( respect = ! %op environm5t4 ,! in/ructor %\ld aim to h on ea* b5* z _m ( ! tools z w be 9 great dem&4 ,! g5]al tools w be kept 9 a wall case4 ,p]mission %\ld be giv5 to boys to g aft] any su* tool :5ev] he ne$s x )\t ask+ = x4 ,likewise x is advisable to all[ boys /&+ p]mission to g to ! dr9k+ f\nta91 if x be 9 ! same room1 or to ! wa% bas9 or ! f9i%+ tables4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t !re is to be no congregat+ at ^! places4 ,p]mission to leave ! room %\ld be requir$4 ,at ! close ( ! p]iod a tap ( ! bell w be ! signal = ! boys to put away _! tools & "w1 get _! wraps1 bru% (f ! %av+s f ! b5* top & f "u ! b5* into ! aisle4 ,:5 all are ready & ! tools h be5 inspect$1 ! tea*]'s signal to rise1 & !n to pass may be giv54 ,h ! r[s in/ruct$ to pass out 9 a def9ite ord]4 ,a few s*ools require ! boys ( ! la/ class ( ! day to clean up ! entire %op4 ,9 _m communities ?is is n advisable = !re is "s ju/ice 9 _! compla9ts t !y are n janitors4 ,!re w be no objection by boys 9 any community1 h[ev]1 to bru%+ out f "u & ar\nd _! own b5*es4 ,?is practice makes ! janitor's "w comp>atively light & does n (f5d ! boy's s5se ( ju/ice or fitness4 ,!y d n object to ! clean+ ( ! room s mu* z to ! idea ( do+ :at ano!r is paid = do+4 ,! discussion ( ways & means ( ma9ta9+ discipl9e is n appropriate 9 a book ( su* brevity z ?is4 ,suffici5t to say t a manual tra9+ tea*] to d 8 be/ "w %\ld be a tea*] well tra9$ 9 me?ods ( tea*+ & ! psy*ological bases back ( !m4 ,he %\ld at lea/ und]/& ! art if n ! sci5ce ( good tea*+4 ,:]e an in/ructor is engag$ 9 tea*+ 8 entire "t x is n j t he %\ld be requir$ to att5d to =mal discipl9+ ( pupils4 ,9 mo/ s*ools1 !re=e1 an in/ructor1 l ! regul> grade tea*]1 conducts 8 %op z be/ he kn[s h[4 ,:5 a boy insi/s 9 be+ unruly 9 spite ( all ! in/ructor c d1 !n t boy %\ld be s5t to ! pr9cipal ( ! build+ 9 :i* he belongs = fur!r treatm5t4 ,! %op in/ructor w be expect$ to make use ( ! _m little devices = ma9ta9+ ord] t are requir$ ( o!r tea*]s4 ,o!rwise he w f9d himself want+ to s5d boys to ! pr9cipals m frequ5tly ?an he %\ld4 ,8 ma9t5ance ( ord] w be a mu* easi] task ?an is t ( ! regul> tea*]4 ,:ile ^! re/rictions may occasionally "w a h>d%ip1 !y effectually prev5t su* inju/ices z ! boy :o is inatt5tive dur+ ! demon/ration bo!r+ ! boy :o 0 att5tive1 :5 x comes to do+ ! "w4 ,our ,am]ican boy is n 9 mu* dang] ( be+ injur$ by our s*ool requirem5ts ( ord] & discipl9e4 ,9 fact1 he w\ld be b5efit$ by a little m /rictness ?an is n[ ! cu/om1 bo? at s*ool & at home4 ,! high s*ool %op bells w ( necessity be ^? = o!r classes ) ! exception ( ! d\ble p]iod4 ,!re w be no necessity = a re/ p]iod1 ( c\rse4 #ac4 ,! ,lesson4 ,an exam9ation ( ! ,lesson ,outl9es ( ,"p ,,ii w make cle> ! compon5t p>ts ( ! lesson4 ,^! p>ts are3 ,recitation1 ,prep>ation = ,demon/ration1 ,demon/ration1 ,"w4 ,9 mak+ an analysis ( ! lesson1 let u beg9 ) 8,prep>ation = ,demon/ration40 ,! recitation really belongs to ! prec$+ lesson1 & w be discuss$ la/4 ,! prep>ation = demon/ration consi/s 9 hav+ a pupil read al\d sections ( a text :i* be> directly ^u ! demon/ration :i* is to foll[4 ,! purpose ( ?is is prim>ily to assi/ 9 prep>+ ! m9ds ( ! pupils = ! demon/ration4 ,( c\rse ?is prep>ation c\ld be made orally by ! in/ructor4 ,9 c5t]s :]e ! classes repeat ! "w day aft] day = ! full week1 ! in/ructor f9ds himself en?usia/ic 9 giv+ ! beg9n+ classes _! lessons b1 9 spite ( good int5tions1 slight+ ! lessons ( ! classes t come ! latt] "p ( ! week4 ,! read+ f ! text insures e class equal att5tion4 ,( c\rse1 ! in/ructor w enliv5 ! text by ! addition ( in=mation f 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,!re are o!r uses = ! text1 su* z a ref]5ce book 9 case ! work] f9ds z he works t he has =gott5 "s po9t4 ,also x enables ! in/ructor to =mulate def9ite que/ions on ! "w ) "s assurance t ! /ud5t c answ] !m ! week foll[+4 ,! prep>ation mu/ n be too elaborate4 ,?is is a common fault ( beg9n]s 9 tea*+4 ,x is a means1 n an end4 ,"s in/ructors object to read+ be=e ! demon/ration on ! gr\nd t x detracts f ! demon/ration4 ,:5 "o ?9ks only ( ! ex]cise ( obs]vation ?is seems reasonable4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t "y pupils are n skill$ 9 mak+ obs]vations z are gr[n p4 ,x is wise !re=e to give !m "s aid 9 mak+ _! obs]vations by giv+ !m prelim9>y h9ts4 ,9 fact1 ^? in/ructors :o object to ! prelim9>y read+ frequ5tly d precisely ! same ?+1 t is prep>e ! boys = ! demon/ration1 :5 !y talk dur+ ! demon/ration--!y usually expla9 ea* /ep j be=e tak+ x4 ,) ! prelim9>y read+ ( ! text v little talk+ ne$ int]rupt ! demon/ration1 :i* may proce$ r rapidly4 ,"h "o sees ! necessity = a well organiz$ c\rse4 ,ea* lesson mu/ h its subject matt] connect$ ) previ\s k ( ! class4 ,a successful demon/ration dem&s an equipm5t su* t ea* boy may see :at is be+ done by ! in/ructor4 ,! close/ ( att5tion %\ld be dem&$4 ,! matt] to be demon/rat$ %\ld be unfold$ /ep by /ep4 ,x is n necess>y t all ! /eps be giv54 ,any /eps t h be5 giv5 9 a previ\s demon/ration may be presuppos$4 ,little "t %\ld be lo/ betwe5 ! demon/ration & its application4 ,! rema9d] ( ! lesson1 ! recitation1 is to be giv5 at ! beg9n+ ( ! next p]iod or session4 ,if %opwork has be5 lack+ 9 "o ?+ m ?an ano!r x has be5 9 ! failure ( ! in/ructor to 8cl9*0 8 in/ruction4 8,! be/ te/ t a p]son has und]/ood a ?+ is1 t he c reproduce x 9 8 own way 9 8 own words40 ,! wood%op in/ructor has a "r &1 9 ju/ice to ! boys & 8 "w1 %\ld insi/ t !y /& squ>ely ^u bo? feet & express ! in=mation ask$ = 9 good1 pla91 correct ,engli%4 ,a boy :o says he 8kn[s b _c tell x0 only half kn[s4 ,unless he le>ns ! lesson well en\gh to express x well1 t lesson w soon fade s t :5 ! in/ructor attempts to build ^u t k lat]1 z he mu/1 !re w be tr\ble = bo? tea*] & boy4 ,9 writt5 te/s insi/ ^u a def9ite =m & neat pap]s4 ,= example1 on "o l9e h ! date & "n1 "o to ! left side ( ! pap] & ! o!r to ! "r4 ,9 ! middle ( ! pap] on ! l9e j bel[ ?is1 h ! "n ( ! subject4 ,insi/ ^u m>g9al spaces at ei!r side ( ! pap]4 ,d n h ! que/ions copi$ ^u ! boys' pap]s1 b insi/ t _! answ]s %all be 9 ! =m ( complete /atem5ts1 a subject & pr$icate--s complete t ! in/ructor ne$ n ref] to ! "q to m>k ! answ]s4 ,at all times use good ,engli%1 nev] r\gh language if y expect ! boys to respect y & ! surr\nd+s4 ,quietly correct _! grammatical errors4 ,^! ?+s co/ little 9 ef=t & assi/ 9 ov]com+ ! slov5ly t5d5cies s *>act]i/ic ( boys at ?is age4 ,9 ! ,lesson ,outl9es w be f\nd que/ion+ h9ts "u ,recitation4 ,"s fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s ago our text books 9 geography1 gramm>1 hi/ory1 etc41 _h sugge/ive que/ions aft] ea* lesson4 ,^! que/ions 7 v helpful b l _m ano!r good ?+ !y 7 abus$4 ,weak tea*]s f\nd x easi] to conduct a recitation by putt+ ^! que/ions to ! /ud5ts 9 r\t9e ord]1 in/ead ( us+ !m m]ely z h9ts to enable !m to pres5t to ! pupils all ! matt] ( ! lesson4 ,to conduct a recitation by ask+ r\t9e que/ions l conduct+ a recitation ) a text op5 be=e ! tea*] :5 pupils are requir$ to recite )\t ! text1 is n ! sign ( ! highe/ type ( tea*+ & is b\nd to result 9 m or less =malism & lack ( vital int]e/4 ,( rec5t ye>s1 texts h gone to ! o!r extreme & n a few educators are wi%+ texts w\ld give "s h9t z to ! po9ts ( importance 9 ! lesson4 ,?is ! pres5t book aims to d 9 ! h9ts by que/ions "u ,recitation4 ,^! que/ions are purposely put 9 an incomplete =m s t ! in/ructor mu/ ne$s =mulate !m be=e putt+ !m to ! pupil4 ,!y are int5d$1 z are any public speak]'s notes1 m]ely to enable him to c>ry on ! discussion or recitation 9 a sy/ematic & logical mann]1 miss+ none ( ! important facts to be br\ght out4 ,! :ole "t tak5 9 any "o lesson = recitation1 prep>ation = demon/ration & demon/ration %\ld n exce$1 ord9>ily1 tw5ty-five or ?irty m9utes4 ,x is a skill$ tea*] :o c pres5t a lesson to ! be/ advantage4 ,! be/ possible pres5tation is a subject t manual tra9+ m5 c inve/igate ) pr(it4 ,ask+ que/ions & gett+ answ]s & giv+ demon/rations may mean mu* or may mean little 9 ! way ( develop+ ! boys--nor c y tell always by ! mat]ial results obta9$--x all dep5ds ^u h[ ^! ?+s are done4 #ad4 ,ma9t5ance4 ,by ma9t5ance we ref] to ! co/ ( keep+ a c5t] runn+ aft] x has once be5 fully equipp$1 exclusive ( tea*]s' sal>ies4 ,?is w be f\nd to h sev]al v>iable factors ent]+4 ,a c>eless in/ructor c v quickly run ! co/ ( ma9t5ance to a po9t almo/ prohibitive4 ,! loss ( tools by !ft1 wa/e ( lumb] 9 gett+ out /ock1 etc41 ! c>eless plann+ ( ! "w s t articles are made1 requir+ mu* lumb] & little "w1 quickly makes inroads ^u ! appropriation = manual tra9+ purposes4 ,an all[ance ( t5 p] c5t4 = depreciation 9 equipm5t %\ld be suffici5t "u all ord9>y conditions4 ,an all[ance ( "o doll> p] pupil p] ye> %\ld be ample :]e all mat]ial us$ is provid$ free4 ,9 fact1 obs]vation cov]+ a p]iod ( sev]al ye>s %[s t boys com+ "o-half day a week = ! s*ool ye> ( t5 mon?s & mak+ models simil> to ^? 9 8,projects 9 ,beg9n+ ,woodwork & ,me*anical ,draw+0 co/ ! ,bo>d approximately sev5ty-six c5ts p] pupil = ma9t5ance4 ,?is c5t] _h v close sup]vision1 h[ev]1 & wa/e & breakage 0 r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,! mo/ prolific s\rce ( monet>y outlay is caus$ by plann+ projects--x makes no diff]5ce :e!r !y are small or l>ge1 a boy uses j z mu* lumb] 9 a giv5 am\nt ( "t1--t require little ef=t 9 _! con/ruction4 ,= illu/ration1 a boy may make a taboret ) f\r solid sides & ) butt jo9ts :]e he %\ld be mak+ a taboret ) groov$ jo9ts4 ,! =m] con/ruction has its place1 b %\ld n monopolize ! :ole s*eme z x is s (t5 all[$ to d4 ,a c\rse prop]ly plann$ w %[ t ! co/ ( eigh? grade "w1 su* z taborets1 etc41 is no great] ?an t ( ! sev5? grade :i* is compos$ ( mu* small] b m num]\s projects4 ,aga91 x is a mi/ake to plan _m small projects consi/+ ( small p>ts 9 ! hope ( effect+ economy4 ,! awkw>dness ( ! av]age gramm> s*ool boy w make x necess>y to disc>d mu* ( su* /ock4 ,:]e ! p>ts are ( "s size1 x is possible 9 mo/ e in/ance to give him a new b small] set ( dim5sions & require him to cont9ue to "w on ! piece orig9ally giv54 ,a scrap box = hold+ small pieces t rema9 aft] cutt+ out /ock f ! bo>d1 closely sup]vis$ s t ! boys %all look ov] ! pieces x conta9s be=e cutt+ a full bo>d1 is ano!r s\rce ( economy4 ,!re %\ld be comp>atively little 8k9dl+0 = ! janitor1 if due c>e is tak5 by ! in/ructor4 ,above all ?+s1 x %\ld be und]/ood & en=c$ t no boy is to disc>d a piece once he has work$ ^u x )\t ! in/ructor's p]mission4 ,?is he seldom ne$s to give = he c usually %[ ! boy h[ to make fur!r use ( ! piece 9 "q by r$uc+ its size4 ,:ile mo/ s*ools provide ! mat]ials free1 "s d n1 b require ! pupils to pay ! actual co/ ( ! mat]ial us$ %\ld !y c>e to take ! article home4 ,!re is some?+ to be said 9 favor ( ea* practice4 ,! latt] is n unju/ z x provides ! necess>y tra9+4 ,x t5ds to make class di/9ction1 h[ev]1 9 communities :]e pupils are n able to pur*ase _! pieces4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x disc\rages ! tak+ ( ?+s t are n really want$ & p]mits a mo/ economical adm9i/ration--provid$ ! sup]visor uses judgm5t 9 ! selection ( 8 projects4 ,x t5ds to make him res\rceful 9 provid+ projects ( int]e/1 :i* is an advantage provid$ ! projects select$ are 9 h>mony ) ! g5]al plans ( ! c\rse1 :i* is suppos$ to provide = ! ord]ly introduction ( processes4 ,high s*ool pupils1 accord+ to ! c\rse outl9$ h]e91 w h ab\t ! same am\nt ( "t 9 ! half-ye> allott$ to b5*work 9 wood z d ! gramm> s*ool boys 9 ! full s*ool ye>4 ,! co/ ( ma9t5ance w !re=e be approximately ! same = ! half ye> z is t ( ! grades = ! ye>4 ,9 pur*as+ supplies x is possible1 :]e ! c\rses are organiz$ & ! mat]ials /&>diz$ z indicat$ h]e91 to save by ord]+ 9 quantity lots4 ,! lumb] c be pur*as$ by ! #a1jjj feet ( ! v>i\s ?icknesses want$4 ,likewise ! h>dw>e c be got 9 quantity lots1 ) ! assurance t next ye>'s "w w call = any /ock t may n be us$ ! pres5t ye>4 ,%ort l5g?s 9 lumb] are j z good z long = manual tra9+ purposes & are *eap]4 ,:atev] is to be pur*as$ by op5 quotations %\ld be def9itely specifi$ s t "o & only "o quality c be deliv]$4 ,! pr9t$ catalogs ( ! v>i\s deal]s ) _! retail prices are helpful1 ?o ^! prices are always 8%ad$0 :5 quantity quotations are ask$4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,equipm5t4 #ae4 ,equipm5t4 ,9 ! foll[+ discussion1 ef=t is made to sugge/ type =ms ( equipm5t r ?an to (f] a complete treatise4 ,! equipm5t (f]$ may be add$ to or r$uc$ z ! exig5cies w>rant4 ,:ile x is complete en\gh to d ! "w plann$ 9 ! outl9e ( ! c\rse 9 woodwork+ z giv5 h]e91 & li/s ev]y?+ necess>y to d ! "w 9 a mo/ approv$ mann]1 x does n g to ! extreme ( li/+ e tool t might be us$ 9 a cab9et %op4 ,x li/s e tool t mu/ be us$ = ! "w outl9$4 ,:ile x li/s an equipm5t = gramm> s*ool & ano!r = high s*ool1 ! gramm> s*ool equipm5t ) slight additions c be made to s]ve ! purpose ( high s*ool "w j z well 9 communities :]e ! same equipm5t mu/ s]ve = bo?4 ,,! ,,grade ,,%op4 ,! be/ arrangem5t ( b5*es & o!r equipm5t1 s f> z complet5ess & conv5i5ce is conc]n$ is t %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,?is is a floor plan ( a grade s*ool c5t]4 ,montclair1 ,n4 ,j4 ,an ext5d$ tea*+ exp]i5ce does n indicate any way 9 :i* ?is arrangem5t c\ld be improv$4 ,we quote f a description ( ?is %op :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,april1 #aiaa1 ,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,magaz9e4 ,! %op %[n 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration is "o ( six 9 ! t[n ( ,montclair1 ,n4 ,j41 & :at is said ( equipm5t holds true ( ! o!rs4 ,x is unique 9 t x is h\s$ 9 a /ructure especially built = ! purpose4 ,?is %op measures #bi by #ed feet1 &1 hav+ w9d[s on all sides1 all[s ! arrangem5t ( equipm5t ) b little ref]5ce to space or light4 ,! equipm5t consi/s ( tw5ty-f\r s+le b5*es ) ! usual tools1 & a few ess5tials = simple metalwork4 ,! b5*es are p>tially equipp$ ) rapid-act+ vises1 ! old wood5 ones be+ replac$ z !y we> out4 ,! demon/ration !at] 0 design$ = a class ( tw5ty1 b l>g] classes h made tw5ty-five seats necess>y4 ,! demon/ration b5* has bo? woodwork+ & ma*9i/'s vises4 ,x is us$ also by /ud5ts = su* metalwork z comes 9 connection ) ! %op projects4 ,?is b5* is provid$ ) draw]s = tools & comp>tm5ts = %eet metals1 etc4 ,! lumb] rack 0 made by bolt+ five pieces ( #d #d-;in* *e/nut to ! side wall1 & ins]t+ six #ba-;in* l5g?s ( #a-;in* gas pipe 9 ea* upright4 ,su* a rack is conv5i5t1 s]viceable & inexp5sive4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h ,,bellevue ,,ave4 ,,%op--,,montclair1 ,,new ,,j]sey ,t ,,tea*]',s ,,room ,d ,,demon/ration ,,!atre ,l ,,lumb] ,,rack ,s ,,s9k ,f ,,f9i%+ ,,b5* ,g ,,glue ,,b5* #a ,,case ,,= ,,unf9i%$ ,,"w #b ,,exhibition ,,case #c ,,tea*]',s ,,desk #d ,,supply ,,cases #e ,,op5 ,,%elves #f ,,g5]al ,,tool ,,case #g ,,demon/ration ,,b5* #h ,,gr9d/one ,! glue & f9i%+ tables1 n %[n 9 ! pictures1 h z9c tops1 & are provid$ ) draw]s & comp>tm5ts = keep+ ! mat]ials us$4 ,!y provide ! means = do+ ) cleanl9ess & ord] :at sometimes is a r tr\blesome "p ( %opwork4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,gramm> ,,s*ool ,,%op1 ,,montclair1 ,,new ,,j]sey4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,lock]s ,,= ,,/orage ,,( ,,unf9i%$ ,,"w1 ,,gramm> ,,s*ool ,,%op1 ,,montclair1 ,,new ,,j]sey4 ,! p]man5t exhibit case measures #bj in*es by #e feet #f in*es by #ab feet4 ,x has adju/able %elves1 glass doors1 & is provid$ ) ! same /yle ( lock z are ! g5]al tool case1 supply cases & demon/ration b5*4 ,! cab9ets = pupils' unf9i%$ "w h be5 plann$ to meet ! problem ( provid+ a satisfactory place 9 :i* a pupil c keep 8 "w f lesson to lesson4 ,! fir/ requirem5t ( ! %op seem$ a /&>d size lock]2 secondly1 x mu/ be adju/able to provide = v>i\s sizes ( projects2 & la/ly1 local conditions dem&$ a sy/em :i* c\ld be mov$ )\t difficulty4 ,! idea has develop$ into :at is ! mo/ satisfactory sy/em ) :i* ! writ] 7,alb]t ,f4 ,siep]t7 has _h exp]i5ce1 ei!r z /ud5t or tea*]4 ,a sectional case 0 design$ :i* meets equally ! ne$s ( all classes 9 ! art & h&work dep>tm5t1 :e!r !y be bookb9d+1 woodwork or sew+4 ,ea* section measures #bj 94 by #bd 94 by #cf 94 ,! op5 case 9 ! illu/ration %[s ! maximum numb] ( comp>tm5ts1 eight pupils to ! section1 ea* pupil hav+ a space #h 94 by #aj 94 by #ah 94 = 8 "w4 ,by remov+ f\r or six ( ! upright p>titions1 ! space may be giv5 to f\r or ev5 to two pupils4 ,?us any piece ( "w up to #aa 94 by #ah 94 by #cd 94 c be kept out ( ! way & "u lock & key4 ,alt]nate sections are assign$ to a class to avoid conge/ion & confusion4 ,! co/ ( ! build+ sev]al ye>s ago 0 #c1ejj4 ,local c>p5t]s built ! demon/ration !at]1 lumb] rack1 cab9ets1 etc4 ,! demon/ration b5* co/ #bg2 ! /a9 & glue tables approximately #d4ej p] runn+ foot2 & ! cab9ets = unf9i%$ "w #ab p] section4 #af4 ,size ( ,classes4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! build+ 0 plann$ orig9ally = tw5ty b5*es & t x n[ conta9s tw5ty-f\r4 ,tw5ty b5*es ought to be ! maximum numb] s f> z ! giv+ ( prop] in/ruction is conc]n$4 ,:5 m are giv5 ! in/ructor ! conditions = ! mo/ effici5t "w are n good4 ,?is problem ( accommodat+ tw5ty-f\r boys w h to be met1 & may z well be plann$ = j s long z s*ool directors insi/ ^u cr[d+ fifty pupils 9 ! regul> classroom :5 ! tea*] ought to h b ?irty-five or =ty to d h] be/ "w4 ,!n1 too1 x frequ5tly happ5s t a room conta9s m boys ?an girls4 ,"s ( ^! boys might be s5t to ano!r & adjo9+ c5t]4 ,x is be/ to plan to c>e = tw5ty-f\r boys1 h[ev]1 :]e ! regul> room enrolm5t runs above av]age4 ,9 ?is case ! dim5sions ( ! build+ z giv5 9 ! prec$+ text %\ld be *ang$4 ,enl>ge ! wid? ( ! build+ by six feet4 ,?is w p]mit ! plac+ ( ! extra demon/ration seats ^u ! plat=m & also all[ suffici5t floor space ne> ! lumb] rack = cutt+ out /ock1 & ab\t ! f9i%+ table1 etc4 ,9 plac+ b5*es1 plan to h ! light ent] ov] ! back & ! left end ( ! b5*4 ,t is1 :5 /&+ at 8 b5*1 ! light %\ld /rike ! pupil 9 ! front & left4 ,an amphi!at] is v desirable bo? 9 ! high s*ool & ! grade s*ool %op4 ,9 l>ge classes x is a necessity4 ,) small classes x is possible to make use ( desk /ools arrang$ ab\t a b5*4 ,_m manual tra9+ c5t]s1 9 fact1 mo/ manual tra9+ c5t]s1 d n h ! amphi!at]4 ,?is is no argum5t aga9/ its desirability4 ,x simply means t ! boys get b an imp]fect und]/&+ ( ! demon/ration & t _! "w mu/ suff] accord+ly4 #ag4 ,lock]s4 ,! lock] problem is "o t has be5 a s\rce ( tr\ble4 ,! arrangem5t describ$ 9 connection ) ! description ( ! ,montclair %op is by f> ! be/ solution ( ?is problem t has come to ! au?or's att5tion4 ,! extreme l5g? ( pieces t c be accommodat$ is #cd4 ,a few pieces w be long] ?an ?is4 ,^! c be accommodat$ outside ! lock] or ! lock] sections may be plann$ l>ge1 say #dj 9 ! cle>4 ,! gr9d/one is be/ suit$ = pupils' use 9 %>p5+ edge tools4 ,:]e a small motor is us$ = p[]1 x is v desirable to h a small dry em]y gr9d] = ! use ( ! in/ructor4 ,t5 doll>s w cov] its co/ & x w pay = itself quickly4 ,x c be plac$ ne> ! gr9d/one4 ,unless ! c5t]s h frequ5t deliv]y ( lumb] supplies1 or if !re is no c5tral cutt+-up /ation1 x may be f\nd advisable to add to ! build+ describ$ a small room = ! /orage ( quantity lumb] )1 possibly1 a p[] saw 9 x4 #ah4 ,b5* & ,tool ,equipm5t = ,grade ,c5t]4 ,! individual b5* is to be pref]r$ to ! two- & f\r-pupil b5*4 ,aside f ! fact t ! d\ble b5*es are n conducive to good ord] & sy/em1 x is next to impossible to get su* b5*es to rema9 rigid )\t go+ to an initial exp5se t w\ld be suffici5t to pur*ase ! individual b5*4 ,unless !y are rigid1 x is an inju/ice to ask a boy to return accurate "w4 ,! effect t viol5t "w at "o side ( a d\ble b5* w h ^u f9e or accurate lay+ out by "s boy on ! o!r side ( t b5* is n difficult to imag9e4 ,! only argum5t 9 favor ( a d\ble b5* is economy ( space4 ,if space mu/ be economiz$1 x is bett] to place ! individual b5*es back to back ) j en\gh space betwe5 !m to keep !m f t\*+ & ?us %ak+ ea* o!r4 ,! rapid-act+ vise is desirable1 if x is a good "o4 ,"s rapid-act+ vises n[ on ! m>ket are n z desirable z ! old fa%ion$ cont9u\s metal screw vise4 ,a vise is 9 almo/ con/ant use & %\ld be mo/ c>efully inve/igat$ be=e be+ specifi$4 ,,individual ,,equipm5t4 ,b5*1 op5 frame )\t draw]1 glu$ up top #bc 94 by #eb 94 tool rack1 rapid-act+ vise1 approximate co/ #aj4jj ,jack-plane1 ,/anley or ,bailey ,no4 #e1 ea* #b4ji ,wood5 mallet1 ,/anley ,no4 #a 4#ac ,rule1 ,/anley ,no4 #cd 4#ag ,hamm]1 ,maydole bell-fac$ claw1 #ac oz4 4#ej ,w+ ,divid]s1 ,p4 ,s4 ,w41 #f 4#bc ,*isels1 socket firm]1 ,buck ,bros41 & bo? 4#hc ,m>k+-gage1 ,/anley ,no4 #fb 4#ab ,try-squ>e1 ,/anley ,no4 #bj1 #f 4#ba ,saw1 ,bi%op ,h&y ,saw1 #ab1 ,no4 #i 4#ge ,sw$i% ,sloyd ,knife ,no4 #g 4#dj ,b5* ,bru%1 ,no4 #b;,a1 ,orr ,lockett 4#cj ,b5*-,hook 4#be ,*isel-,bo>d 4#jj ----- ,total #e4hi ,,g5]al ,,tools ,,= #bd ,,pupils4 #f ,nailsets1 cup po9t$1 assort$ sizes1 #aj;c4 4#fj #f ,try-squ>es1 ,/anley ,no4 #bj1 #ab1 #cf;c4 #b4af #c ,turn+-,saws & ,frames1 #ah1 #a4jj #c4jj #f ,spoke%aves1 ,brad%aw & ,field or ,/anley ,no4 #hd1 #b1 nut adju/$ #ei;c4 #c4ed #c ,g\ges1 #a1 ,no4 #h1 outside bevel1 ,buck ,bros41 #dc;c4 #a4bi #b ,rat*et ,braces1 ,b>b] ,no4 #cc1 #h sweep1 #a4de #b4ij #b ,pla9 ,braces1 ,b>b] ,no4 #ac1 #h sweep1 #a4jh #b4af #c ,crosscut-saws1 ,bi%op ,no4 #hi1 #bb1 #aj pt41 #a4ee #d4fe #c ,rip-saws1 ,bi%op ,no4 #hi1 #bd1 #h pt41 #a4fe #d4ie #b ,planes1 ,jo9t] #bb1 ,bailey ,no4 #g or ,/anley1 #c4jc #f4jf #b ,rose head ,c\nt]s9ks1 ,buck ,bros41 #bc;c4 4#df #b ,screwdriv] bits1 ,buck ,bros41 #ag;c4 4#cd #d ,screwdriv]s1 #d blade1 flut$ h&le1 #be;c4 #a4jj #b ,aug]-bits1 #a1 ,r4 ,j41 #hj;c4 #a4fj #d ,aug]-bits1 #a1 ,r4 ,j41 #fj;c4 #b4dj #b ,aug]-bits1 1 ,r4 ,j41 #ej;c4 #a4jj #d ,aug]-bits1 1 ,r4 ,j41 #ce;c4 #a4dj #d ,d[el-bits1 1 ,r4 ,j41 #bg;c4 #a4jh #d ,d[el-bits1 1 ,r4 ,j41 #bg;c4 #a4jh #d ,d[el-bits1 1 ,morse1 #ab;c4 4#dh #a ,t-bevel1 ,/anley ,no4 #ah1 #h1 #dd;c4 4#dd #a ,monkey ,wr5*1 ,coes1 #h1 #ej;c4 4#ej #a ,pair ,comb9ation ,pli]s1 #f1 #dj;c4 4#dj #b ,comb9ation ,india ,oil/ones1 #f #b #a1 9 iron boxes1 #a4jj #b4bj #a ,oil-c1 pt41 #ah;c4 4#ah #f ,h&screws1 ,no4 #hab1 #dj;c4 #b4dj #b ,/eel ,b> ,c>p5t] ,clamps1 #b ft41 #a4fi #c4ch #a ,set ,/eel ,figures1 1 #a4hh #a4hh #a ,%ellac ,c1 #a-qt4 4#gh #a ,k]os5e ,glue ,heat]1 #b-pts4 #a4ej #a ,/eel ,fram+-,squ>e #a4jj #bjj ,individual plane-irons1 #be;c4 #ej4jj #f ,cop+-saws ) ,blades1 #be;c4 #a4ej #b ,brad-awls1 #ae;c4 4#cj #b ,scribe-awls1 #ae;c4 4#cj ------- ,li/ price #ajh4hc ,,summ>y4 #bd ,b5*es1 #aj4jj #bdj4jj #a ,demon/ration ,b5* #bg4jj #be ,sets ( ,tools1 #e4hi #adg4be ,g5]al ,tools #ajh4hc ------- ,li/ price #ebc4jh ------- ,less #aj #dgj4fh ,?is e/imate does n include lock]s1 %elv+1 ma*9]y1 etc4 ,! co/ ( lock]s1 %elv+1 etc41 c be r\ghly e/imat$ by not+ ! price p] foot z giv5 9 ! description ( ! ,montclair %op4 ,a gr9d/one ) motor p[] c be pur*as$ = #cj4jj = /one & #fj4jj = motor4 ,:]e ! in/ructor mu/ d mu* gr9d+1 a ,no4 #aja ,cortl& ,corundum ,:eel ,co4 ,gr9d]1 co/ ) tool re/ & two gr9d+ :eels complete ready to belt #aj4jj1 w be f\nd an extremely satisfactory inve/m5t4 ,:]e p[] is n obta9able a ,pyko ,pe]less ,dry ,em]y ,gr9d]1 co/ #f4jj ) tool re/ atta*m5t1 w give excell5t s]vice4 ,x cuts mu* m rapidly ?an a gr9d/one & is !re=e n s tir+ on ! "o :o turns x4 ,9 ju/ice to o!r mak]s ( tools x mu/ be expla9$ t ! m5tion+ ( ! firm names is due to ! fact t indef9ite specifications are wor?less4 ,!re are o!r tools z good z ^? nam$1 "s ( :i* are pref]r$ by "s manual tra9+ m5 to ^? m5tion$4 ,^? m5tion$ are fir/ class 9 e respect & w s]ve to give ! deal] an idea ( ! class ( goods y want4 ,x w be = ! pur*as] to see t he gets equal quality4 ,by all means1 avoid ! poor grade tool :atev] its price4 ,7 x n = limit$ space ! au?or w\ld l to li/ o!r mak]s ( fir/ class tools4 ,if "o is n conv]sant ) ! diff]5t br&s let him consult "s ( 8 me*anic fri5ds4 ,! prices giv5 are li/ price = #aiaa-ab1 ,*icago4 ,a disc\nt ( at lea/ #aj p] c5t4 w be all[$ = quantity pur*ase4 #ai4 ,individual ,tools4 ,! individual plane-iron is n absolutely necess>y4 ,x is v desirable s9ce ! plane is 9 con/ant use4 ,to make use ( ! same irons class aft] class is unju/ to ! good work]4 ,he w sp5d a good "p ( ! p]iod gett+ 8 iron 9 condition only to f9d :5 he comes aga9 ! next week t x all has to be done ov] aga94 ,x puts a premium on slov5l9ess4 ,true1 ! same argum5t holds = ! *isels1 & x w\ld be well if individual *isels c\ld be provid$4 ,! *isel is n us$ ne>ly s mu* z ! plane-iron & c1 !re=e1 be us$ 9 common mu* bett] ?an ! plane-iron4 ,no ma*9]y = cutt+ up /ock1 is includ$ 9 ! e/imate4 ,9 mo/ cities ! high s*ool ma*9]y c be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,accord+ to ! c\rse outl9$1 !re w be little /ock cutt+ by ma*9]y requir$4 ,:at little !re is might well be done z 8busy "w0 by ! m rapid work]s ?ru\t ! ye>4 ,su* /ock c\ld be /or$ away until ne$$4 #bj4 ,equipm5t = ,me*anical ,draw+1 ,grade ,c5t]4 ,s9ce ! tea*] ( woodwork+ mu/ also be ! tea*] ( me*anical draw+ 9 ! grade c5t]1 no special room = draw+ is advisable4 ,) ! fir/ twelve weeks devot$ to draw+1 ! woodwork+ b5*es c be us$ z draw+ tables1 ! woodwork+ tools n be+ plac$ until all ! draw+ "w is complet$4 ,:5 ! %op is prop]ly clean$ dur+ ! summ] vacation !re is no reason = its n be+ kept z clean z any special draw+ room dur+ ! draw+ p]iod ( twelve weeks4 ,! b5*es %\ld be scrap$ clean & %ellac$4 ,a blackbo>d is ne$$ = bo? draw+ & woodwork & may z well be plac$ 9 ! woodwork+ %op4 ,= ! mo/ effici5t pres5tation ( draw+ !re w ne$ to be pl5ty ( bluepr9ts or plates f :i* ! /ud5t may "w4 ,^! mu/ be s well execut$1 z to te*nique1 t ! pupil w h be=e him only ! be/ z models4 ,no "o w\ld ?9k ( plac+ be=e ! writ+ class o!r ?an ! be/ models ( /yle & execution 9 p5man%ip1 yet x is n infrequ5t to f9d me*anical draw+ /ud5ts copy+ f bluepr9ts t are f> bel[ /&>d z to excell5ce4 ,9 pres5t+ ! problems1 models w be f\nd ( v great help to ! /ud5t 9 8 ef=ts to int]pret ! conditions4 ,too mu* dep5d5ce %\ld n be plac$ ^u models 9 ! "w ( old] pupils4 ,,individual ,,equipm5t4 ,draw+-bo>ds1 #af #bb1 basswood1 ea* 4#gj ,t-squ>es1 #bb1 pla9 blade1 fix$ head1 ea* 4#bj #de ,triangle1 #h ea* 4#af #cj-fj ,triangle1 #aj1 ea* 4#ae ,desk ,/ool1 #bd1 rubb] tipp$1 ea* #a4be ------ ,total #b4df ------ ,total = #be sets1 less #aj #ee4de ,!re w be ne$$ 9 addition to ! above a knife1 scale1 compass1 & s&pap] block4 ,! knife & rule us$ 9 ! woodwork w s]ve equally well 9 ! draw+4 ,! s&pap] blocks or p5cil %>p5+ blocks c be made 9 ! %op4 ,9 connection ) ^! blocks1 x w be f\nd exp$i5t to h !m s fa/5$ to ! b5* t pupils _c get !m on top ( ! b5* 9 s&pap]+ a po9t on ! p5cil4 ,?is c be done by fa/5+ ! block to ! b5* ) a screw 9 su* a way t x c be revolv$ f "u ! top ( ! b5* :5 want$4 ,o!rwise beg9n]s w h ! b5* top & !n draw+s cov]$ ) ! f9e lead ( ! p5cil4 ,9 gett+ equipm5t avoid 8baby0 sets4 ,a taboret draw+1 to be well made1 mu/ be on a scale ( 4 ,?is1 ) m>g9al l9es w mean a pap] ( #ab by #ah4 ,,p]sonal ,,equipm5t4 ,excelsior or ,eagle ,p5cil ,compass4 ,p5cil1 ,dixon ,manual ,tra9+1 #b;,h4 ,eras]1 ,ruby ,p5cil4 ,envelope = hold+ draw+s4 ,?umbtacks1 two4 ,! p]sonal equipm5t to be uni=m %\ld be pur*as$ by ! s*ool & sold to ! pupils4 ,:ile ?is p]sonal equipm5t may be kept 9 ! woodwork+ lock]s1 "s in/ructors pref] to h a special case ( draw]s to hold ! draw+ envelopes1 & blocks ( wood ) suitable holes = hold+ ! p5cils1 eras]s1 & tacks1 monitors be+ appo9t$ to look aft] !m4 ,! pap] us$ ne$ n be z exp5sive z t ( ! high s*ool :]e problems are to be ink$4 ,a manilla pap] su* z is us$ 9 ! regul> or freeh& draw+ classes w answ] admirably & c !n be provid$ by ! s*ool4 ,su* pap] is usually pur*as$ 9 sizes #ab by #ah & #i by #ab4 ,! =m] is ! desir$ size = ! eigh? grade "w & ! latt] = ! sev5? grade4 ,a #f by #i size w be f\nd suitable = /ock bills1 :]e pr9t$ blanks are n to be provid$4 ,9 ! matt] ( pap]1 x is possible to practice economy )\t detract+ f ! draw+4 ,all t are n want$ at ! close ( ! ye> %\ld be kept & ! rev]se sides made use ( :]e exp]im5tal p5cil+ is requir$4 ,draw+ equipm5t w be /or$ :5 woodwork is begun4 #ba4 ,high ,s*ool ,jo9]y ,%op4 ,! g5]al plan ( ! wood %op = ! high s*ool w dep5d s greatly ^u its relation to o!r %ops 9 :i* wood is work$ t ! mo/ t c be hop$ by discuss+ x is t ! plan (f]$ may (f] a />t+ po9t f :i* to "w4 ,9 "s communities ! "o %op w be all t is ne$$ bo? = cab9et "w1 fir/ ye> jo9]y1 & patt]n-mak+ )1 possibly1 wood-turn+4 ,9 o!r communities ! numb] ( /ud5ts tak+ ! "w may w>rant sep>ate %ops ) full ma*9e equipm5t = ea*4 ,9 /ill o!rs x may be advisable to h adjo9+ %ops b /ill necess>y to make use ( ! same ma*9]y4 ,"s s*ools plan to h all ! classes 9 "o big room1 sometimes hav+ z _m z sev5ty boys ) ?ree in/ructors4 ,if ?is latt] plan is foll[$1 ?o x is n advis$1 !re %\ld c]ta9ly be provid$ an adjo9+ demon/ration room :]e ! in/ructors may talk to ! boys )\t ! compet+ noises ( o!r classes4 ,fig4 #aa is a sugge/ive sket*4 ,x provides = lock]s simil> 9 make-up to ^? discuss$ 9 connection ) ! gramm> s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,sugge/$ ,,floor ,,plan ,,= ,,high ,,s*ool ,,%op4 #a4 ,,glue ,,table #b4 ,,gr9d/one #c4 ,,b& ,,saw #d4 ,,jig ,,saw #e4 ,,lock]s ,,= ,,unf9i%$ ,,"w #f4 ,,wall ,,racks #g4 ,,f9i%+ ,,tables #h4 ,,tea*]',s ,,desk #i4 ,,tool ,,& ,,supply ,,cases #aj4 ,,exhibit ,,case #aa4 ,,lumb] ,,racks #ab4 ,,cut-,,(f ,,saw ,,& ,,table #ac4 ,,circul> ,,saw #ad4 ,,plan] #ae4 ,,jo9t] #af4 ,,individual ,,lock]s #ag4 ,,gr9d] ,g5]al tools are to be kept 9 a tool room :i* may be plac$ 9 *>ge ( a /ud5t assi/ant4 ,ea* boy is !n to be provid$ ) metal *ecks4 ,:5 a tool is ask$ = ! assi/ant w hang ! /ud5t's *eck 9 ! place ( ! tool tak5 out4 ,^u ! return ( ! tool ! *eck w be return$4 ,fir/ ye> /ud5ts may be safely taught to use ! b&-saw & jig-saw1 ) prop] safe gu>ds ab\t ! =m]4 ,o!r ma*9es are be/ kept 9 a sep>ate room4 ,s9ce high s*ool pupils ought to be taught h[ to apply m difficult f9i%es1 su* z rubb$ v>ni%1 ?an ^? taught 9 ! gramm> s*ools1 a special room w be necess>y 9 ord] to avoid ! %op du/4 ,?is room %\ld be made fire pro(1 if possible1 & %\ld h racks ab\t ! walls ^u :i* to place "w be+ f9i%$4 #bb4 ,high ,s*ool ,b5* & ,tool ,equipm5t4 ,! b5*es = ! use ( high s*ool pupils are be/ :5 ( ! cab9et type hav+ draw]s bel[ 9 :i* ea* /ud5t may keep 8 individual edg$ tools4 ,su* a b5* ) draw]s en\gh to accommodate all ! boys t w be able to make use ( ! b5* dur+ ! day1 ) a h+$ or revolv+ bo>d ^u :i* may be fa/5$ ! g5]al tools t belong to t b5* w co/ approximately ?irty doll>s4 ,?is includes a fir/ class rapid-act+ vise4 ,! individual b5* 9 ! high s*ool is z desirable z x is 9 ! grades4 ,:]e a high /&>d ( te*nique is to be dem&$ ( ! pupils1 ! foll[+ tools %\ld be add$ to ^? specifi$ = ! gramm> s*ool b5* equipm5t3 ,,individual ,,tools4 ,smoo?-,plane1 #a cutt]1 #h long1 ,/anley #a4ff ,jo9t]-,plane1 #b cutt]1 #bb long1 ,/anley #c4jc ,screwdriv]1 #f1 ,/anley 4#ce ,t-,bevel1 #f1 ,/anley 4#dj ,comb9ation ,india ,oil/one1 #a #b #f #a4aj ,oil-,c 4#ah ,crosscut-saw1 #bj1 #aj pt41 ,bi%op ,no4 #hi #a4dj ,rip-saw1 #bb1 #h pt41 ,bi%op ,no4 #hi #a4ee ,spoke%ave1 #b blade1 ,brad%aw & ,field 4#eg ,9 place ( ! ,bi%op ,h&y ,saw specifi$ 9 ! gramm> s*ool li/1 sub/itute ,bi%op ,no4 #h ,backsaw1 #aj1 co/ #id;c4 ,provide = ea* draw]1 t is1 provide ea* boy ) ! foll[+3 ,*isel1 #a1 bevel edg$1 firm] socket1 ,buck ,bros4 4#eg ,*isel1 1 bevel edg$1 firm] socket1 ,buck ,bros4 4#da ,*isel1 1 socket mortise1 ,buck ,bros4 4#dj ,plane-iron = ,jo9t] 4#bi ,plane-iron = ,jack-plane 4#be ,plane-iron = ,smoo?-plane 4#bc ,spoke%ave-iron 4#ae ,sloyd knife1 #b 4#dj ,?is li/ presupposes t ! mortis+ ( ! fir/ ye> w be done by *isel alone1 no bor+4 ,if mortises are to be bor$ fir/1 x w be advisable to equip ea* b5* ) a ,b>b]'s #h ball be>+ brace1 co/ #a4de4 ,9 addition to ! g5]al tools specifi$ = ! gramm> s*ool1 make ! foll[+ *anges & additions3 ,,g5]al ,,tools4 ,omit ! rip- & crosscut-saws4 ,omit ! pla9 braces 9 case ! b5* is s equipp$4 ,omit h&screws & clamps1 & glue heat]4 ,add #a doz4 ,h&screws1 ,no4 #hab1 co/ ea* #dj;c4 ,add #b doz4 ,c>p5t]s' ,clamps1 wood b>1 #b-;ft41 #he;c4 ,add #a doz4 ,c>p5t]s' ,clamps1 wood b>1 #d-;ft41 #ie;c4 ,add #a ,set ,/eel ,lett]s1 1 #a4hh4 ,add #a ,/eam ,glue ,heat]1 ,o4 ,l4 ,no4 #i1 #i4ej4 ,add #b ,draw-,knives1 #h1 ,l4 ,i4 ,j4 ,:ite1 #fe;c4 ,add doz4 ,/eel ,cab9et ,scrap]s1 #aj;c4 ,add #a ,set ,aug]-,bits 9 box1 ,r4 ,j4 #d4jj4 ,,ma*9]y4 ,= ! highe/ type ( "w ! foll[+ ma*9es %\ld be plac$ at ! disposal ( ! fir/ ye> high s*ool classes3 ,gr9d/one4 ,scroll or ,jig-saw4 ,b&-,saw4 ,^! ma*9es %\ld h prop] safety devices & %\ld be plac$ :]e !y w be "u ! imm$iate obs]vation ( ! in/ructor4 ,ma*9es = woodwork+ v>y s greatly 9 price & desirability t x is n ?\ght wise to specify any p>ticul> make4 ,only ! exp]i5c$ man w be call$ ^u to equip ) ma*9]y & su* an "o w h ! in=mation necess>y to make ! pur*ase4 ,= ! second ye>1 or optional cab9et "w1 !re %\ld be plac$ at ! disposal ( ! /ud5ts1 & !y %\ld be taught _! use1 ! foll[+ ma*9es 9 addition to ^? specifi$ = ! fir/ ye> "w3 ,circul>-,saw4 ,ma*9e ,jo9t]4 ,plan]4 ,bor+ ,ma*9e & ,mortis]4 ,trimm]4 ,x is possible s to arrange ^! ma*9es t ! circul>-saw & plan] may be us$ 9 gett+ out /ock = o!r classes4 ,! floor plan giv5 contemplates su* use4 ,,equipm5t ,,= ,,high ,,s*ool ,,me*anical ,,draw+4 ,a special room %\ld be provid$ = ! tea*+ ( high s*ool me*anical draw+4 ,a nor? light is be/ & ! tables %\ld be s plac$ t ! light may come ^u ! bo>d f 9 front & ! left4 ,if artificial light mu/ be us$1 employ ! inv]t$ sy/em4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,table ,,= ,,me*anical ,,draw+4 ,tables h mu* to comm5d !m ov] ! p$e/al4 ,!y are easily swept ar\nd & keep a room look+ ord]ly4 ,fig4 #ab %[s a type ( table t is comm5dable4 ,on ! left are draw]s = keep+ ! /ud5ts' in/rum5ts4 ,on ! "r is a draw] = keep+ g5]al equipm5t t is us$ by ! boys 9 common4 ,bel[ ?is draw] is ! cab9et = hold+ ! draw+-bo>ds4 ,^! bo>ds are s lock$ t only ! bo>d belong+ to ! boy ) ! key c be releas$4 ,su* a table ) a top #bd by #dh & #da high w co/ #cj1 li/ price4 ,e/imate = individual equipm5t w be z foll[s3 ,,table ,,equipm5t4 #a ,table #cj4jj #a ,/ool #c4ej #e ,bo>ds1 ( size to fit cab9et1 #a4ej #g4ej #e ,sets ,in/rum5ts1 ,g]man ,silv]1 #e4jj #be4jj #a ,scale1 #ch;c 4#ch #a ,t-squ>e1 #bd1 celluloid l9$ #a4ej #a #de ,triangle1 #h1 celluloid 4#dh #a #cj-fj ,triangle1 #aj1 celluloid 4#dh #a ,fr5* ,curve1 4#bj #a ,bottle ,ink 4#be ------ ,total #fi4bi ,,p]sonal ,,equipm5t4 ,%eets ,pap]4 ,heavy ,manilla ,envelope = hold+ draw+s4 ,?umbtacks4 ,eras]4 ,p5cil1 h>d1 #d;,h4 ,p5cil1 s(t1 ,h4 ,,g5]al ,,equipm5t4 #a ,roll ,bluepr9t ,pap]1 7n to be pur*as$ until ready to be us$74 #a ,bluepr9t+ ,frame1 #ah by #bd4 #a ,roll ,trac+ ,clo?4 ,blackbo>d ,triangles1 ,/raight-edge1 ,compass4 ,!re w also ne$ to be cases 9 :i* to file ! envelopes 9 :i* ! /ud5ts keep _! complet$ draw+s4 ,if mu* bluepr9t+ is to be done1 !re %\ld be a suitable room ) s9k & runn+ wat]4 ,:]e models are us$1 !re %\ld be a case = /or+ !m :5 n 9 use4 ,practice v>ies greatly z to ! am\nt ( mat]ial provid$ by ! s*ool4 ,"s s*ools require ! pupils to furni% _! own in/rum5ts1 z well z pap] & o!r supplies4 ,! advisability ( requir+ mu* or little w h to be det]m9$ by ! social conditions ( ! community x is int5d$ to s]ve4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,lesson ,,outl9es4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,lesson ,,outl9es ,,= ,,grade ,,vii4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #a4 ,,introductory ,,talk-- ,! purpose ( manual tra9+4 ,explanation ( signal bells--beg9n+1 five m9ute re/1 clos+4 ,regulations conc]n+ dr9k+ f\nt1 lavatory1 toilet4 ,responsibility = tools2 c>e ( b5* top4 ,%op deportm5t4 ,to & f %op4 ,own]%ip ( f9i%$ "w4 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #b-- ,ess5tials ( ,woodwork+1 ,app5dix ,,iii1 ,sections #a & #d4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ ,introductory ,draw+4 ,in/rum5ts1 l9es1 angles1 lett]+4 ,%>p5+ p5cil--s&pap]4 ,,"w-- ,all pupils beg9 ,introductory ,draw+4 ,,note3--,copies ( draw+s f :i* pupils are to "w %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( ! pupils :ile demon/ration is be+ giv54 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #b4 ,,recitation-- ,work+ vs4 p]spective draw+s8 ,draw+ in/rum5ts 7,t-squ>e1 etc47 ,h[ held8 ,k9d ( l9es 7v]tical1 oblique1 etc47 ,h[ drawn8 ,angle def9$4 ,h[ measur$8 ,does ext5d+ ! sides *ange ! value8 ,! angles ( ! triangles8 ,h[ avoid inaccuracies at ! v]tex 9 draw+8 ,h[ _m degrees 9 a circle8 ,9 ! sum ( ! angles ab\t a po9t8 ,h[ w\ld y draw an angle ( #ge degrees8 ,! ord] ( proc$ure 9 putt+ on bord] & cutt+ l9es8 ,:y h a cutt+ l9e8 ,lett]s & figures1 h[ proportion$8 7,te/ pupils at black bo>d47 ,aft] ! proportions are once le>n$1 h[ lay out = lett]+8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #c-- ,ess5tials1 ,app5dix ,,iii1 ,sections #b 7relat+ to scale71 #c1 & #f4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ ,draw+ = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,i4 7,cutt+-bo>d47 ,ord] ( proc$ure2 scale2 block+ out2 plac+ & spac+ views2 simple dim5sion+4 ,,"w-- ,complete ,introductory ,draw+4 ,make draw+ = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,i4 ,rapid work]s measure1 draw1 & dim5sion ?ree views f a rectangul> block4 7,blocks us$ 9 ! /udy ( woods47 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #c4 ,,recitation-- ,scale8 ,figures on ! draw+ vs4 size ( ! draw+4 ,projection & relation ( views--,! f\r pr9ciples develop$4 ,ord] ( proc$ure--,det]m9+ ! size & spac+2 block+ out v]tically2 horizontally2 dim5sion+2 lett]+2 ink+2 if n to be ink$8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #d-- ,ess5tials1 ,app5dix ,,iii1 ,section #b4 7,t "p relat+ to l9es1 etc47 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ ,draw+ = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,ii4 7,c\nt+-bo>d1 key-rack1 hat-rack47 ,=e%ort5+4 ,,"w-- ,complete draw+ = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,i4 ,make draw+ = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,ii4 ,c\nt+-bo>d4 ,rapid work]s make ano!r draw+ 9 ,gr\p ,,ii4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #d4 ,,recitation-- ,! conv5tions--,sev5 k9ds ( l9es--h[ made & _! mean+s8 ,:at "p ( a me*anical draw+ is made freeh&8 ,a brok5 view8 ,:y us$8 ,section draw+8 ,cross-hat*+8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #e-- ,ess5tials1 ,app5dix ,,iii1 ,section #e4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ ,geometric ,%eet4 ,circles4 ,,"w-- ,make ! geometric draw+ fir/4 ,complete unf9i%$ draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,ii4 ,rapid work]s make o!r draw+s = ?is latt] gr\p4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #e4 ,,recitation-- ,! hexagon8 ,h[ made8 ,! six po9t />8 ,! octagon8 ,! ellipse8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #f-- ,review ,ess5tials1 ,sections #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f 9 ,app5dix ,,iii4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,iii4 7,r+ toss1 game-bo>d1 laundry-regi/]1 spool-hold]47 ,hidd5 edges4 ,,"w-- ,complete draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,ii4 ,make draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,iii4 ,rapid work]s make o!r draw+s 9 ,gr\p ,,iii4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #f4 ,,recitation-- ,p]spective vs4 work+ draw+8 ,in/rum5ts1 _! uses8 ,scale draw+8 ,sev5 k9ds ( l9es8 ,_! mean+s8 ,! freeh& "p ( a me*anical draw+8 ,brok5 view8 ,cross-section8 ,cross-hat*+8 ,f\r pr9ciples ( projection8 ,spac+s ( lett]s & figures8 ,hexagon8 ,octagon8 ,six po9t />8 ,ellipse8 ,ord] ( proc$ure 9 mak+ me*anical draw+8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #g-- ,ess5tials1 ,introduction1 & ,section #be4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,iv4 7,sleeve-bo>d1 bread-bo>d1 cake-bo>d1 sc\r+-bo>d1 coat-hang]47 ,c5t] & section l9es1 cross-sections1 tang5ts1 po9ts ( tang5cy1 dim5sion+ circles4 ,,"w-- ,complete draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,iii4 ,make draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,rapid work]s make o!r draw+s 9 ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #g4 ,,recitation-- ,%>p1 clean tools1 :y8 ,c>e ( b5* top8 ,c>e ( tools n 9 imm$iate use8 ,"s ( ! m important results 9 manual tra9+8 ,take a rectangul> block & "n ! t]ms us$1 l5g?1 etc4 ,gra98 8,aga9/ ! gra980 ,face side1 face edge8 ,o!r names8 ,h[ & :]e m>k$8 ,:y8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #h-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #eb1 #ec4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 gr9d+ plane-iron4 ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,v4 7,poli%-box1 knife-box1 bird-box1 nail-box1 broom-hold]1 b5*-hook47 ,,"w-- ,complete draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,make draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,v4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #h4 ,,recitation-- ,gr9d+ tools8 ,:y8 ,h[ is *isel held8 ,angle dep5ds ^u :at8 ,h[ mu*8 ,:y move tool across ! /one8 ,! effect ( frequ5t *ange ( angle8 ,:y turn ! /one t[>d ! tool8 ,:y use wat] on ! /one8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #i-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #ed1 #ee4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 :ett+ plane-iron or *isel4 ,,"w-- ,complete draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,v4 ,make o!r draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,v4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #i4 ,,recitation-- ,two k9ds ( oil/ones8 ,advantages ( manufactur$ /ones8 ,advantages & disadvantages ( co>se & f9e /ones8 ,:y use oil on /ones8 ,h[ avoid we>+ a /one unev58 ,h[ level an unev5 /one8 ,expla9 fully h[ to %>p5 a *isel8 ,h[ tell :5 tool is at ! correct angle8 ,! movem5t1 & caution8 ,expla9 fully cause & removal ( wire edge8 ,h[ get a /ill ke5] edge8 ,:ett+ a g\ge8 ,use ( slip/one8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #aj-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #ef1 #eg4 ,,demon/ration-- ,te/+ *isel or plane-iron = %>pness4 ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ out /ock bills4 ,,"w-- ,complete unf9i%$ draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,v4 ,make out /ock bills = draw+s made ( ,woodwork ,gr\p ,v4 ,rapid work]s make out bills = o!r gr\ps4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #aj4 ,,recitation-- ,h[ is a plane-iron %>p5$8 ,:y r\nd ! corn]s8 ,h[ %ape ! iron = g5]al use8 ,expla9 fully h[ to tell :e!r a tool is %>p or n8 ,caution 9 mak+ ! te/8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #aa-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 figur+ /ock bills4 ,,"w-- ,complete mak+ out ( /ock bills = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,v4 ,figure /ock bills = ,gr\p ,v4 ,rapid work]s figure o!r bills4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #aa4 ,,recitation-- ,jack-plane2 its l5g?1 %ape ( cutt+ edge1 use8 ,h[ remove ! holl[s8 ,%ape ( blade = manual tra9+ use8 ,smoo?-plane2 l5g?1 use1 %ape ( blade8 ,sett+ ( ! cap iron = f9e "w8 ,jo9t]2 its use8 ,advantage ov] %ort plane = ?is purpose8 ,=e-plane2 use1 %ape ( iron8 ,block-plane2 its l5g?1 use8 ,h[ d its adju/m5ts diff] f ^? ( ! ord9>y plane8 ,is ! block-plane always necess>y = plan+ ends8 ,:5 n8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ab-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #a1 #b4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 us+ try-squ>e & m>k+ faces4 ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 modify+ outl9e & design+ decoration = "s "o ( ! foll[+3 ,lett]-hold]1 !rmomet]-back1 cal5d>-back1 bill-file1 h&k]*ief-box1 glove-box or any o!r simple piece involv+ no new processes4 ,,"w-- ,in/ructor assign "o ( ! above projects & pupils modify ! outl9e & decorate4 ,ea* pupil make at lea/ ?ree sket*es c>efully & submit to in/ructor4 ,rapid work]s w f9i% any pa/ "w t is unf9i%$4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #ab4 ,,recitation-- ,! unit ( measure 9 woodwork8 ,rules & _! m>k+s8 ,h[ plac$ on ! mat]ial8 ,consecutive measurem5ts8 ,f9d+ ! middle ( a piece )\t computation8 ,divid+ a piece into any numb] ( equal p>ts8 ,try-squ>e8 ,"n ! p>ts4 ,r\gh usage8 ,?ree uses8 ,illu/rate4 ,slid+ or scrap+ ) try-squ>e8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ac-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #ah1 #ai4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 putt+ plane p>ts toge!r1 adju/+4 ,,"w-- ,f9i% any unf9i%$ "w ( la/ lesson4 ,make full size patt]n ( design$ "p ( la/ lesson & fill 9 decorative design4 ,f9i% any unf9i%$ /ock bills4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,i47 ,lesson #ac4 ,,recitation-- ,planes8 ,f\r k9ds8 ,mat]ial ( :i* made8 ,"n & po9t to ! #af p>ts ( ! iron plane4 ,plane-iron & cap-iron fa/5$ toge!r h[8 ,purpose ( cap-iron8 ,fa/5+ ! irons 9 ! ?roat ( ! plane8 ,adju/m5t ( irons8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ad-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #bf1 #bh1 #ca4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 squ>+ up mill-plan$ /ock4 ,no def9ite dim5sions b to be squ>e & z l>ge z /ock giv5 w make4 ,face m>ks2 edge plan+2 end plan+2 te/s4 ,,"w-- ,set & adju/ planes4 ,squ>e up ,cutt+-,bo>d /ock1 ,woodwork ,gr\p ,i4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,ii47 ,lesson #ad4 ,,recitation-- ,plan+8 ,selection ( faces8 ,plan+ aga9/ gra98 ,k9d ( %av+s8 ,:5 planes are n 9 use8 ,position at b5*8 ,/>t+ /roke8 ,f9i%+8 ,fea!r+ %av+8 ,backw>d /roke8 ,edge plan+8 ,prelim9>y sight+ ) eye8 ,plane to be us$8 ,effect ( n keep+ full l5g? on edge8 ,h[ to remove a high arris8 ,te/s = an edge8 ,end plan+8 ,expla9 fully4 ,te/s8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ae-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #e1 #ad1 #bi1 #cb4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 squ>+ up mill-plan$ /ock to def9ite dim5sions4 ,gag+1 measur+ l5g?1 etc4 ,,"w-- ,f9i% cutt+-bo>d4 ,beg9 ,gr\p ,,ii4 ,c\nt+-bo>d4 ,,note3--,*amf]+ comes aft] lay+ out & bor+ & w be demon/rat$ lat]4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,ii47 ,lesson #ae4 ,,recitation-- ,m>k+-gage8 ,f\r p>ts nam$8 ,its use8 ,! spur8 ,h[ %>p5$8 ,h[ f> project8 ,sett+ ! gage8 ,illu/rate4 ,position ( h& 9 gag+ wide & n>r[ bo>ds8 ,k9d ( l9es8 ,back-saw8 ,"n ! p>ts4 ,expla9 ! position ( ! h&s & ! motions 9 saw+4 ,location ( ! k]f ) ref]5ce to ! l9e8 ,f9i%+ second edge8 ,te/s8 ,f9i%+ second end4 :]e def9ite l5g? is to be obta9$8 7,measur+1 l9+1 etc47 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #af-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #cf1 #ch1 #dc1 #dd1 #de4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 lay+ out c\nt+-bo>d & f9i%+ x4 ,divid+ ! piece into f\r equal p>ts1 gag+1 measur+1 l9+4 ,! size ( bits1 ins]t+ bits1 sight+1 ?ru bor+4 ,numb]+ ! holes4 ,*amf]+4 ,%ap+ ! pegs4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ! c\nt+-bo>d1 lay+ out1 bor+1 *amf]+1 numb]+1 mak+ pegs4 ,rapid work]s beg9 hat-rack or key-rack4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,ii47 ,lesson #af4 ,,recitation-- ,brace or bit/ock8 ,"n ! p>ts4 ,rat*et brace8 ,special uses8 ,ins]t+ a bit8 ,aug]-bit8 ,six p>ts & _! uses8 ,bit sets8 ,sizes & numb]8 ,h[ tell ! size ( a bit8 ,h[ tell :5 a bit is bor+ prop]ly8 ,?ru bor+8 ,h[ lay out a *amf]8 ,h[ "w a *amf]8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ag-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #cg1 #ci1 #db4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 lay+ out & work+ hat-rack & key-rack4 ,locat+ & atta*+ hooks1 etc4 ,,"w-- ,f9i% unf9i%$ "w & !n beg9 ei!r coat & hat-rack or key-rack4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,iii47 ,lesson #ag4 ,,recitation-- ,c5t]-bit8 ,drill-bit8 ,us$ = :at8 ,caution8 ,:y & h[ make a seat8 ,gimlet-bit8 ,its use8 ,brad-awl8 ,us$ = :at & h[8 ,! advantages ( pat5t spiral screwdriv]s & automatic drills8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ah-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #bg1 #cj1 #cd4 ,memorize #cd4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 squ>+ up r\gh /ock4 ,surface level+1 w9d+-/icks1 _! use1 gag+ to ?ickness1 etc4 ,,"w-- ,complete unf9i%$ c\nt+-bo>ds4 ,beg9 ei!r r+-toss or game-bo>d4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,iii47 ,lesson #ah4 ,,recitation-- ,plan+ fir/ broad surface level or true8 ,:at is a true surface8 ,:i* side is to be select$8 ,?ree prelim9>y te/s ) eye & try-squ>e8 ,caution :5 a def9ite ?ickness is to be obta9$8 ,! mann] ( te/+ a surface = tru5ess ) /raight-edge only8 ,! mann] ( te/+ a surface = tru5ess ) w9d+-/icks & /raight$ge8 ,( :at advantage are ! /icks8 ,expla9 fully h[ y w\ld proce$ to level a surface :i* has two corn]s diagonally opposite high ) ref]5ce to ! c5t] & ! o!r two l[ ) ref]5ce to ! c5t]4 ,f9i%+ ! second side8 ,:at indicates ! prop] /opp+ place 9 plan+ ! second side8 ,:at is ! te/8 ,:y no o!r te/s z 9 fir/ surface8 ,/ate ! six /eps tak5 9 squ>+ up r\gh /ock4 ,:at ones ( ^! are modifi$ 9 plan+ mill-plan$ /ock8 ,:y8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ai-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #aa1 #ab1 #ac4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 ripp+ & crosscut-saw+ at ! b5*1 expla9+ ! reasons = ! two k9ds ( saws4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ! "w ( ,gr\p ,,iii4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,iii47 ,lesson #ai4 ,,recitation-- ,"n two k9ds ( saws & five p>ts to ea*4 ,mean+ ( ! numb] on ! blade at ! heel8 ,set8 ,:y1 & h[8 ,am\nt = dry & wet lumb]8 ,rake or pit*8 ,:at is meant & ^u :at does ! am\nt dep5d8 ,saw+8 ,hold+ saw1 index f+]8 ,angle ( cutt+ edge8 ,/>t+ /roke8 ,position ( ?umb ( left h&8 ,k9d ( /rokes & pressure8 ,guid+ ! saw8 ,h[8 ,caution8 ,saw+ 9 vise1 h[ get angle8 ,h[ & :y oil sides ( saw8 ,crosscut-saw8 ,cutt+ edges ( tee? :]e & :y8 ,pit*8 ,rip-saw8 ,%ape ( tee?8 ,:y8 ,h[ tell a rip-saw f a crosscut-saw8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bj-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #dj1 #de1 #fd4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 lay+ out r+-toss & m>ble-bo>d1 bor+ to dep?1 c\nt]s9k+1 mak+ or cutt+ d[el to l5g? & %ap+ top end1 s&pap]+ ) block1 use eras] = p5cil "w4 ,put wa/e s&pap] 9 ! box = future use 9 wood-f9i%+1 grade #h4 ,nev] s& )\t p]mission4 ,glue+ & fitt+ d[el4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue r+-toss & game-bo>d4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,iii47 ,lesson #bj4 ,,recitation-- ,c\nt]s9k-bit8 ,its use8 ,bor+ to dep?8 ,fully4 ,:]e _m holes ( ! same dep? are to be bor$8 ,s&pap]+8 ,:5 & :5 n8 ,purpose ( s&pap] block8 ,h[ place ! pap] on x8 ,:5 are arrises s&$ & :y8 ,curv$ surface s&+8 ,numb]s on ! back ( a %eet ( s&pap]8 ,s&+ jo9ts8 ,:y n8 ,:at is to be done ) worn s&pap]8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ba-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #c1 #i1 #aj4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 cutt+ out /ock4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,iii4 ,beg9n+ at ?is po9t1 pupils are to cut out _! own /ock f bo>ds ,s-#b-,s4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,iv47 ,lesson #ba4 ,,recitation-- ,fram+-squ>e8 ,two p>ts nam$8 ,its uses8 ,:at tables on blade & tongue8 ,"n five p>ts to ! divid]s4 ,?ree uses = divid]s8 ,expla9 fully h[ y w\ld set divid]s8 ,to a radius ( #b4 ,h[ are ! po9ts %>p5$ & :y lean ! top =w>d 9 m>k+8 ,:]e are p5cil l9es bett] ?an knife l9es8 ,:y8 ,h[ are !y be/ remov$8 ,lay+ out r\gh /ock if ! edge ( ! bo>d is fairly /raight8 ,if n /raight1 h[8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bb-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #f1 #ae1 #ei1 #fj4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 lay+ out & work+ sleeve-bo>d & bread-bo>d4 ,/ock is ,s-#b-,s4 ,caution ab\t smoo?+ broad surfaces only1 n level+1 ?ickness be+ m important "h ?an true plane surface4 ,,"w-- ,complete any unf9i%$ "w1 !n beg9 ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,iv47 ,lesson #bb4 ,,recitation-- ,p5cil-gage8 ,h[ made8 ,:5 & :]e us$8 ,illu/rate ano!r way ( p5cil-gag+4 ,turn+-saw8 ,its use8 ,"n ?ree p>ts4 ,:y two h&les8 ,caution ab\t sett+ !m8 ,illu/rate mann] ( hold+ ! saw4 ,caution ab\t hold+ ! blade ) ref]5ce to ! surface ( ! wood4 ,h[ cut enclos$ curves ) ?is saw8 ,:y n saw accurately to ! l9e8 ,h[ remove ! wa/e8 ,spoke%ave8 ,five p>ts8 ,= :at & h[ us$8 ,k9d ( %av+s8 ,h[ adju/$8 ,expla9 h[ to lay out = a curv$ edge8 ,h[ to "w x8 ,s&pap]+ curv$ edges8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bc-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #af1 #ag1 #bd4 7,in=mational74 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 lay+ out & work+ ! sc\r+ bo>d & coat-hang]4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,iv47 ,lesson #bc4 ,,recitation-- ,compass-saw8 ,especial use8 ,caution8 ,saw-fil+8 ,f\r /eps8 ,reasons = ea*8 ,! p>ts ( ! saw-set8 ,! old wood5 planes8 ,:y h !y be5 displac$8 ,h[ are !y adju/$8 ,h[ are ! w$ges )drawn 9 jack-plane & smoo?-plane8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bd4 7,in=mational7-- ,ess5tial1 ,sections1 #d1 #g1 #h4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,v47 ,lesson #bd4 ,,recitation-- ,bevel8 ,"n ! ?ree p>ts4 ,to :at angles c x be set8 ,h[ set to #de degrees8 ,?ree ways4 ,h[ set to #cj & #fj degrees8 ,slitt+-gage8 ,mortise-gage8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #be-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #fb1 #fe1 #ff4 ,,demon/ration-- ,expla9 ! mann] ( work+ duplicate p>ts4 ,gag+ l wid?s1 ,m>k+ (f l l5g?s1 ,te/+ diff]5t p>ts 9 relation to "o ano!r4 ,,"w-- ,beg9 ,gr\p ,v aft] complet+ ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,v47 ,lesson #be4 ,,recitation-- ,h[ proce$ :]e !re are two or m l p>ts8 ,! aim 9 h&l+ ! diff]5t tools 9 duplicate "w8 ,illu/rate4 ,hamm]s8 ,two k9ds8 ,advantages & disadvantages8 ,?ree p>ts8 ,h[ hold ! hamm]8 ,illu/rate4 ,nails8 ,h[ made orig9ally8 ,=g$ & cut8 ,h[ are wire nails made8 ,two classes1 ?ree k9ds ( nails8 ,diff]5ces8 ,hi/ory & mean+ ( #aj-p5ny1 etc48 ,h[ else are nails sold8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bf-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #fg1 #fh1 #fi4 ,,demon/ration-- ,nail+ position1 & )draw+ nails2 sett+ nails4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,v4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,v47 ,lesson #bf4 ,,recitation-- ,:at caution is necess>y 9 />t+ cut nails8 ,expla9 position 9 nail+ & give reasons8 ,:y n set nails ) ! hamm] 9 cab9et "w8 ,h[ use ! nailset8 ,illu/rate ! position4 ,)draw+ nails8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bg-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #da1 #gj1 #ga1 #gb4 ,,demon/ration-- ,expla9 bor+ = screws1 c\nt]s9k+1 use ( screwdriv]-bit4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,v4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,v47 ,lesson #bg4 ,,recitation-- ,screwdriv]-bit8 ,its advantage ov] screwdriv]8 ,h[ is x kept f jump+ out ( groove 9 screw head8 ,:at ab\t ! old /yle screwdriv]8 ,screws8 ,h[ made & sold8 ,size is designat$ h[8 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 gage = wire = screws & nails8 ,two k9ds ( screws8 ,blu$ screws are h[ color$8 ,h[ are ! p>ts prep>$ = fa/5+ 9 h>d wood8 ,9 s(t wood8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bh-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,*apt] ,i4 ,,demon/ration-- ,ord] ( proc$ure 9 assembl+ ! v>i\s boxes4 ,plac+ ! bottom & tru+ ! frame4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,v4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,v47 ,lesson #bh4 ,,recitation-- ,in/ructor w place six que/ions on ! blackbo>d1 select$ f ,*apt] ,i ,ess5tials ( ,woodwork+4 ,pupils answ] five 9 writ+4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bi-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,v4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,v47 ,lesson #bi4 ,,recitation-- ,in/ructor w place six que/ions on ! bo>d1 select$ f ,*apt] ,,ii1 ,ess5tials ( ,woodwork+4 ,pupils w answ] five 9 writ+4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #cj-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,v4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vi47 ,lesson #cj4 ,,recitation-- ,in/ructor w place six que/ions on ! bo>d1 select$ f ,*apt] ,,iii1 ,ess5tials ( ,woodwork+4 ,pupils w answ] five 9 writ+4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ca-- ,ess5tials1 ,section #aeb4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 lay+ out & work+ woodwork = ! design problem ( ,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,"w-- ,complete ,gr\p ,v1 !n beg9 ,,vi4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vi47 ,lesson #ca4 ,,recitation-- ,"n ?ree k9ds ( /a94 ,advantages & disadvantages ( wat] /a98 ,advantages & disadvantages ( oil /a98 ,advantages & disadvantages ( _s /a98 ,h[ apply wat] /a98 ,h[ ?9 x8 ,h[ apply oil /a98 ,h[ ?9 x8 ,h[ apply _s /a98 ,h[ ?9 x8 ,fum$ oak8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #cb-- ,ess5tials1 ,section #aec4 ,,demon/ration-- #a4 ,apply+ design4 #b4 ,outl9+4 #c4 ,apply+ color4 #d4 ,wax+4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vi47 ,lesson #cb4 ,,recitation-- ,is wax+ an old or a new f9i%8 ,h[ made =m]ly8 ,advantages & disadvantages ( a wax f9i%8 ,caution ab\t apply+ a rapid h>d5+ wax8 ,five /eps 9 produc+ a wax f9i%8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #cc-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,*apt] ,,iv4 7,^? p>ts t h be5 previ\sly /udi$47 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vi47 ,lesson #cc4 ,,recitation-- ,in/ructor w give oral te/ f ,*apt] ,,iv1 ,ess5tials ( ,woodwork+4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #cd-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,*apt] ,v4 7,p>ts t h be5 previ\sly /udi$47 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vi47 ,lesson #cd4 ,,recitation-- ,in/ructor w give oral te/ f ,*apt] ,v1 ,ess5tials ( ,woodwork+4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ce-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,*apt]s ,,vi1 ,,vii4 7,p>ts t h be5 previ\sly /udi$47 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,grade ,,vii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vi47 ,lesson #ce4 ,,review-- ,in/ructor w give oral te/ f ,*apt]s ,,vi1 ,,vii 7p>ts only t h be5 previ\sly /udi$ 9 regul> "w71 ,ess5tials ( ,woodwork+4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #cf-- ,?is closes ! text "w = ! ye>4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,^? f9i%+ projects w assi/ sl[] pupils or d necess>y "w ab\t ! %op4 ,all pupils are to be kept busy at "s "w until ! la/ day !y come4 ,! la/ day ea* class w poli% tools4 ,lessons #cf & #cg4 ,= f9i%+ up woodwork4 ,boys help+ "o ano!r4 ,clean+ b5* tops4 ,lesson #ch4 ,= clean+ tools4 ,ea* class assign$ c]ta9 tools to clean4 ,f9al class applies vasel9e4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,lesson ,,outl9es ,,= ,,grade ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #a4 ,,introductory ,,talk-- ,! plan ( ! ye>'s "w4 7,me*anical ,draw+ #ab weeks--,gr\p #a1 ,/raight ,l9es2 #b1 ,circles2 #c1 ,tang5ts2 #d1 ,planes ( ,projections2 #e1 ,review2 #f1 ,fir/ *oice ,dado ,gr\p ( ,woodwork--,work+ ,draw+2 #g1 ,fir/ *oice ,cross-lap ,gr\p ( ,woodwork--,work+ ,draw+2 #h1 ,second *oice ,cross-lap or ,dado ,gr\p ( ,woodwork--,work+ ,draw+2 #i1 ,completion ( any unf9i%$ draw+s & ,mak+ /ock bills2 #aj1 ,figur+ /ock bills2 #aa1 ,/ructural ,design2 #ab1 ,decorative ,design4 7,woodwork ! re/ ( ! ye>--,two ,gr\ps1 ex]cises & applications us+ draw+s j made47 7,along ) ?is1 in=mation conc]n+ lumb]+1 etc47 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #b-- ,ess5tials ( ,woodwork+1 ,app5dix ,,iii1 ,sections #c1 #d1 & #f4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ ,draw+s ,i4 7,gr\p ,i1 ,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+47 7,copies ( ! diff]5t problems ( ,gr\p ,i--,"o ea*--%\ld be 9 ! h&s ( ! pupils t !y may ref] to !m z ! demon/ration is be+ giv547 ,bord] & cutt+ l9es1 spac+ ! views1 block+-out1 dim5sions1 lett]s1 f9al l9es4 ,projection & relation ( views4 ,visible & invisible edges4 ,,"w-- ,ea* pupil solve 8 problem1 freeh& c>efully on scrat* pap] fir/1 putt+ on dim5sions4 ,!n c>efully to full scale ) bord] & cutt+ l9es b no lett]+ or dim5sions1 only %eet numb] & pupil's "n4 ,rapid work]s ex*ange problems & solve z "t all[s4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #b4 ,,recitation-- ,! names & relative positions ( ! ?ree views mo/ us$ 9 me*anical draw+8 ,s5d a pupil to ! blackbo>d to make ?ree views ( a rectangul> block hav+ *amf]$ edges on "o side4 ,develop ! f\r pr9ciples ( projection & relation ( views4 ,lett]s & figures1 h[ proportion$8 ,te/ pupils at ! blackbo>d4 ,h[ does a freeh& work+ draw+ diff] f a me*anical draw+8 ,give fully ! ord] ( proc$ure 9 mak+ a me*anical draw+4 ,h[ d y g ab\t det]m9+ ! plac+ & spac+ ( y\r draw+8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #c-- ,ess5tials1 ,app5dix ,,iii1 ,sections #b & #e4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ ,draw+ ,,ii4 7,gr\p ,,ii1 ,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+47 ,c5t]-l9es2 circles2 cross-sections & cross-hat*+2 dim5sion+ circles4 ,,"w-- ,solution ( problems 9 ,gr\p ,,ii4 ,complete any unf9i%$ problems 9 ,i4 ,rapids work]s ex*ange problems 9 ,gr\p ,,ii & solve z "t all[s4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #c4 ,,recitation-- ,! conv5tions--,scale draw+s1 :y8 ,figures on ! draw+ vs4 ! size ( ! object8 ,sev5 k9ds ( l9es--_! mean+s & h[ made8 ,:5 figures _c be plac$ betwe5 ! arr[s1 :at8 ,:at "p ( a me*anical draw+ is to be made freeh&8 ,a brok5 view8 ,:y us$8 ,section draw+8 ,cross-hat*+8 ,hexagon1 octagon1 ellipse2 h[ made8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #d-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #cd & #cf4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ ,draw+ ,,iii4 7,gr\p ,,iii1 ,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+47 ,tang5ts--,locat+ c5t]s ( arcs & po9ts ( tang5cy4 ,,"w-- ,solution ( problems 9 ,gr\p ,,iii4 ,complete any unf9i%$ problems 9 previ\s gr\ps4 ,rapid work]s ex*ange problems 9 ,gr\p ,,iii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #d4 ,,recitation-- ,! /eps 9 squ>+ r\gh /ock to dim5sions8 ,! /eps :5 ! /ock is mill-plan$ on two surfaces8 ,a true surface8 ,selection ( fir/ surface8 ,:5 sev]al p>ts are to be fitt$8 ,prelim9>y te/s be=e beg9n+ to plane8 ,plan+--,_m or few %av+s8 ,r\gh5$ gra98 ,planes us$8 ,protect+ ! cutt+ edge8 ,position ( ! body8 ,long or %ort /rokes8 ,/>t+ & /opp+ ! /roke8 ,fea!r+ ! %av+8 ,te/+ broad surfaces ) a /raight$ge8 ,te/+ n>r[ surfaces ) w9d+-/icks8 ,expla9 precisely h[ to proce$ 9 remov+ w9d4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #e-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #bg1 #bh1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ ,draw+ ,,iv4 7,gr\p ,,iv1 ,problems 9 ,me*anical ,draw+47 ,planes ( projection4 ,numb] & prove ! solutions4 ,,"w-- ,solution ( problems 9 ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,complete any unf9i%$ problems 9 previ\s gr\ps4 ,rapid work]s ex*ange problems 9 ,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #e4 ,,recitation-- ,face side1 face edge8 ,:y8 ,h[ m>k$8 ,plan+ fir/ edge8 ,*oice8 ,two prelim9>y te/s8 ,h[ place plane to remove high arris8 ,planes us$8 ,te/s8 ,f9i%+ second edge8 ,:at det]m9es am\nt to be remov$8 ,te/s8 ,f9i%+ second side8 ,gag+8 ,te/+8 ,plan+ fir/ end8 ,te/s8 ,caution ab\t l5g?8 ,f9i%+ second end8 ,:at limits am\nt to be plan$8 ,te/s8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #f-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #df1 #dg4 ,,demon/ration-- ,numb]+ & lett]+ ! po9ts 9 ! two views ( ! te/ problems prep>atory to _! solution4 ,,"w-- ,complete unf9i%$ 8,problems40 ,solve te/ ,problems4 ,rapid work]s may beg9 draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,me*anical ,draw+7 ,lesson #f4 ,,recitation-- ,two classes ( *isels8 ,_! uses8 ,f\r p>ts to ea* class8 ,?ree p>ts to a mallet8 ,! rule 9 select+ a p\nd+ tool8 ,! size ( a *isel indicat$ h[8 ,caution ab\t hold+ *isel8 ,expla9 fully ! cutt+ action ( a *isel4 ,h[ x w$ges1 h[ ?is is ov]come8 ,expla9 fully horizontal p>+4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #g-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #dh1 #di1 #ej1 #ea4 ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ ! work+ draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,"w-- ,make a draw+ f ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,rapid work]s make draw+ ( second *oice ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #g4 ,,recitation-- ,v]tical p>+8 ,h[8 ,position ( h&s8 ,am\nt to be cut at ea* /roke8 ,position ( work] relative to ! l9e to be cut8 ,oblique & curv$ l9e p>+8 ,direction ( ! cut ) ref]5ce to ! gra98 ,p>+ *amf]s8 ,p>+ along ! gra98 ,across ! gra98 ,firm] g\ge8 ,bevel inside or outside8 ,h[ is its size det]m9$8 ,position ( ! h&s 9 r\gh+ out8 ,9 f9i%+ /roke8 ,h[ produce %e>+ cut8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #h-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #eb1 #ec1 #ed1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ work+ draw+s = ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,"w-- ,complete unf9i%$ draw+s ( ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,make a draw+ f ,woodwork ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,rapid work]s make ano!r selection f ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #h4 ,,recitation-- ,:y gr9d tools8 ,h[ mu* angle8 ,h[ det]m9$8 ,:y move ! tool across ! /one8 ,! effect ( frequ5t *ange ( angle8 ,9 :i* directions %\ld ! /one turn ) ref]5ce to ! tool8 ,:y8 ,:y use wat] on a /one8 ,two k9ds ( oil/one8 ,advantages ( co>se & ( f9e8 ,advantages ( manufactur$ /ones8 ,:y use oil on /ones8 ,h[ avoid we>+ /one unev58 ,h[ level an unev5 /one8 ,expla9 fully /eps 9 :ett+ plane-iron or *isel4 ,hold+ tool8 ,angle 9 :ett+ z comp>$ to angle 9 gr9d+8 ,h[ get tool at correct angle8 ,! movem5t8 ,wire edge8 ,h[ remov$8 ,if a /ill ke5] edge is desir$8 ,h[ is a g\ge :ett$8 ,expla9 fully h[ to tell :5 a tool is %>p4 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #i-- ,ess5tials1 ,read ,sections #fb1 #fc4 ,,demon/ration-- ,%>p5+ scrap]4 ,,"w-- ,complete any unf9i%$ draw+s4 ,make o!r selections 9 ei!r ,gr\ps ,,vii or ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #i4 ,,recitation-- ,ord] ( proc$ure 9 lay+ out duplicate p>ts8 ,advantages ( ?is me?od ov] t ( lay+ out ea* "p s+ly8 ,illu/rate8 ,:y use a scrap]8 ,common mi/ake ( beg9n]s ab\t mill-plan$ /ock8 ,position ( ! h&s 9 scrap+8 ,! /eps 9 %>p5+ a scrap]8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #aj-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #gf1 #gg4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ /ock bills4 ,,"w-- ,f9i% any unf9i%$ draw+s & make out /ock bills = work+ draw+s made4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #aj4 ,,recitation-- ,jo9]y8 ,:at is meant by ! t]m8 ,illu/rate h[ direction ( gra9 affects ! plann+ ( ! relation ( ! p>ts4 ,:y jo9 faces toge!r r ?an o!r surfaces8 ,:at ab\t consecutive measurem5ts8 ,gag+1 l9+1 etc48 ,:at is meant by sup]position8 ,9 fitt+ p>ts toge!r h[ tell :]e ! diff]5t p>ts belong8 ,:at is visualiz+8 ,h[ may "o make x easi] to visualize8 ,knife vs4 p5cil 9 lay+ out8 ,saw+ jo9ts 9 h>d wood8 ,9 s(t wood8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #aa-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #ad1 #fd4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 figur+ co/s f /ock bills made 9 la/ lesson4 ,,"w-- ,f9i% any unf9i%$ /ock bills & figure co/s4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #aa4 ,,recitation-- ,back-saw8 ,purpose8 ,crosscut-saw or rip-saw8 ,set8 ,expla9 fully h[ to hold1 />t1 cut1 /op cutt+ across ! gra94 ,expla9 fully :5 cutt+ along ! gra94 7,cutt+ t5ons47 ,accurate saw+ to a l9e8 ,expla98 ,h[ saw :5 p>+ is to be done8 ,s&pap]+1 :58 ,:y8 ,s&pap] block8 ,its purpose8 ,size z comp>$ to pap]8 ,s&+ arrises8 ,:58 ,h[8 ,s&+ curv$ surfaces8 ,s&+ p>ts t g to make up jo9ts8 ,:y n8 ,numb]s on ! back ( s&pap] %eet8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ab-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #eh1 #fa4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 /ructural & decorative design ( "s project involv+ groove or cross-lap jo9t or bo?1 elect$ by ! class1 7book-rack1 etc47 or assign$ by in/ructor4 ,,"w-- ,ea* boy make at lea/ ?ree modifications 9 outl9e & decoration ( project elect$ by class1 or assign$ by in/ructor4 ,rapid work]s w f9i% any unf9i%$ "w4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,me*anical ,,draw+7 ,lesson #ab4 ,,recitation-- ,expla9 fully ! mann] ( lay+ out & work+ a cyl9d]4 ,h[ does a c>p5t] lay out a cyl9d] ) ! /eel squ>e8 ,:at is meant by model+ 9 woodwork8 ,/ate ! /eps 9 lay+ out & work+ a hamm]-h&le4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ac-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #ga1 #gb4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,f9i% any unf9i%$ "w4 ,rapid work]s make a full siz$ patt]n ( design$ "p & fill 9 decorative design4 ,make a dim5sion$ work+ draw+ ( ! project design$ la/ lesson4 ,make out /ock bill = ! same & figure e/imate ( co/ on ! rev]se side4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vii47 ,lesson #ac4 ,,recitation-- ,screws--,h[ made & sold8 ,h[ is ! size designat$8 ,h[ are blu$ screws made8 ,:at are ! two k9ds ( screws8 ,h[ are ! wood p>ts prep>$ = wood-screws8 ,9 s(t wood8 ,9 h>d wood8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ad-- ,ess5tials1 ,read ,sections #gh1 #gi4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 mak+ ,dado ,ex]cise4 ,,"w-- ,all pupils squ>e up ex]cise piece & beg9 mak+ ! jo9ts4 ,,note3--,no def9ite size is requir$ = ex]cise piece b x mu/ be squ>e & true4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vii47 ,lesson #ad4 ,,recitation-- ,dado8 ,:at is ?is jo9t us$ =8 ,grooves8 ,develop fully ! /eps tak5 9 mak+ ! dado4 ,develop fully ! /eps tak5 9 mak+ ! /ub t5on & mortise4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ae-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #gc1 #gd1 #ge4 ,,demon/ration-- ,talk on gett+ out /ock4 ,look ov] small pieces fir/4 ,use n>r[e/ bo>ds t w d2 #ab bo>ds are sc>ce2 keep !m = taboret tops1 nev] use !m = legs4 ,use try-squ>e & /raight-edge & saw to ! l9es c>efully ripp+ fir/ !n crosscutt+ to ! ripp$ "p only4 ,leave on ! bo>d all b j :at y ne$4 ,use y\r /ock bill4 ,if o!rs are wait+ = /ock1 saw only "o piece & "w on t :ile !y are gett+ a piece4 ,wat* y\r ?icknesses4 ,nev] disc>d a piece t has be5 p>tly work$1 )\t p]mission4 ,bevels or *amf]s are made aft] jo9ts4 ,mill-m>ks mu/ come (f be=e p>ts to jo9ts are fitt$2 :y8 ,,"w-- ,f9i% ! ex]cise pieces1 leave !m on in/ructor's desk to be grad$ & beg9 on ,gr\p ,,vii--fir/ *oice4 ,in/ructor w want to see ! pieces aft] ! v>i\s /eps4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vii47 ,lesson #ae4 ,,recitation-- ,glue8 ,( :at & h[ made8 ,glue-pots8 ,describe4 ,:y two pots8 ,h[ prep>e glue = use8 ,:y soak x8 ,h[ apply ! glue8 ,?ick or ?98 ,:y w>m ! wood8 ,cold glues8 ,advantages & disadvantages8 ,:y d !y ?ick5 & h[ ?9n$8 ,9 cold wea!r8 ,clamps8 ,:y us$8 ,two k9ds8 ,names ( f\r p>ts to h& clamp8 ,h[ adju/8 ,h[ c\ld a good sub/itute be made = cab9et clamp8 ,:y glue size end gra98 ,:at is glue size8 ,rubb$ glue jo9t is h[ made8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #af-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #adg1 #adh4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ) ,gr\p ,,vii ,woodwork4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vii47 ,lesson #af4 ,,recitation-- ,two reasons = putt+ f9i% on wood8 ,six k9ds ( mat]ials us$8 ,bru%es8 ,( :at made8 ,du/]s8 ,! edges ( trac+ bru%es8 ,clean+ %ellac bru%es8 ,v>ni% bru%es8 ,c>e ( bru%es f day to day8 ,! be/ alcohol or %ellac cans8 ,cans = delicate woods8 ,clean+ wire8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ag-- ,ess5tials1 ,section #adi4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 us+ bru%4 ,section #adi4 7,t no po9t may be omitt$ h "o boy ) op5 book enum]ate ! /eps1 ,section #adi47 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,vii1 ,woodwork4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vii47 ,lesson #ag4 ,,recitation-- ,/ate ! sev5 /eps 9 us+ a bru%4 ,fea!r+ /rokes8 ,:at8 ,h[ tak58 ,edges or surfaces fir/8 ,work+ out ov] edges8 ,pick+ up surplus liquid8 ,:at is ! ord] 9 work+ f9i% on int]nal corn]1 panels1 /iles1 rails8 ,horizontal or v]tical position pref]r$8 ,trac+8 ,:at8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ah-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #aej1 #aea4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 apply+ fill]4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,vii1 ,woodwork4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vii47 ,lesson #ah4 ,,recitation-- ,fill]s8 ,two k9ds & _! uses8 ,are fill]s absolutely necess>y8 ,expla94 ,liquid fill]8 ,h[ appli$ & :]e us$ mo/ly8 ,:y is %ellac us$ on close gra9$ woods 9 f9e cab9et "w = fir/ coat in/ead ( fill] or v>ni%8 ,pa/e fill]8 ,( :at made8 ,! cause ( contra/s 9 ! gra9 ( fill$ wood8 ,f\r /eps 9 fill+ a co>se gra9$ surface8 ,h[ long ought fill] to /& be=e apply+ o!r coat+s8 ,caution ab\t excelsior & rags us$ 9 fill+8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ai-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #aeb1 #aec4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,vii1 ,woodwork apply+ f9i% z ne$$4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vii47 ,lesson #ai4 ,,recitation-- ,?ree k9ds ( /a9s8 ,advantages & disadvantages ( wat] /a98 ,advantages & disadvantages ( oil /a98 ,advantages & disadvantages ( _s /a98 ,h[ is wat] /a9 appli$8 ,h[ ?9n$8 ,h[ is oil /a9 appli$8 ,h[ ?9n$8 ,h[ is _s /a9 appli$8 ,h[ ?9n$8 ,fum$ oak8 ,:at is x & h[ obta9$8 ,is wax+ an old or new f9i%8 ,h[ made by our ance/ors8 ,advantages & disadvantages ( wax f9i%es8 ,/ate five /eps 9 apply+ a wax$ f9i%4 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bj-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #aed1 #aee1 #aef4 ,,demon/ration-- ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 %ellac+ prep>atory to wax+4 ,! ord] 9 produc+ a wax$ f9i% ) & )\t %ellac2 ) & )\t wat] /a94 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vii47 ,lesson #bj4 ,,recitation-- ,! two k9ds ( v>ni%8 ,:y d v>ni%es v>y 9 price8 ,:at are rubb+ v>ni%es8 ,necess>y conditions = good v>ni%+8 ,:y ^! conditions8 ,%ellac8 ,:]e f\nd8 ,:at is x8 ,h[ prep>$8 ,two k9ds ( %ellac8 ,:ite %ellac1 h[ made & :]e us$ especially8 ,orange %ellac1 advantages & disadvantages8 ,caution ab\t apply+ %ellac8 ,:y is %ellac sometimes us$ be=e v>ni% & wax8 ,describe me?od ( produc+ egg-%ell gloss %ellac f9i%4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ba-- ,ess5tials1 ,section #aac4 ,in/ructor expla9 ! m\nt$ specim5s ( wood illu/rat+ tree /ructure4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vii47 ,lesson #ba4 ,,recitation-- ,tree /ructure8 ,a tree is cut 9 ?ree directions = /udy1 :at are !y8 ,h[ does ea* section lie8 ,if a "y spr\t %\ld be cut across :at ?ree lay]s ( tissue8 ,if tissue is magnifi$ h[ w\ld x appe> to be compos$8 ,if ! end ( a log is exam9$ h[ w x h *ang$ f t ( ! spr\t8 ,"n six divisions ( tissue ( ! log beg9n+ at ! c5t]4 ,:at makes ! r+s & :y are "s light & "s d>k8 ,is a ye>'s gr[? compos$ ( ! d>k or ! light r+s or bo?8 ,:y are ! c5t]s ( ! r+s sometimes out ( ! log's c5t]8 ,g5]al divisions ( tissue are ,pi?1 ,wood1 ,b>k4 ,h[ is he>t-wood =m$8 ,its purpose8 ,h[ is sap-wood =m$8 ,its purpose8 ,:]e does ! actual gr[+ take place8 ,:at lay]s ( tissue are on ei!r side ( ! cambium8 ,:at is ! inn] side ( ! b>k call$8 ,:at is cortex8 ,m$ull>y rays8 ,( :at compos$8 ,purpose8 ,:at makes gra9 9 saw$ lumb]8 ,knots8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bb-- ,ess5tials1 ,section #aad4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vii47 ,lesson #bb4 ,,recitation-- ,:at is ! life blood ( a tree call$8 ,beg9n+ ) ! tree 9 e>ly spr+1 expla9 ! movem5t or lack ( movem5t ( ! sap4 ,! effect ^u ! tree ( ! sap's movem5t 9 ! spr+8 ,:at "p d ! leaves p]=m 9 ! dige/ive process8 ,*lorophyll8 ,assimilation8 ,! sap circulation f mid-summ] to ! end ( summ]8 ,effect ^u ! leaves8 ,:at becomes ( ! desc5d+ sap8 ,does ! upw>d movem5t ( ! sap & ! d[nw>d movem5t ( ! *ang$ sap take place at ! same "t8 ,d ! leaves drop because ! sap desc5ds or does ! sap desc5d because ! leaves drop (f8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bc-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #aae1 #aaf1 #aag4 ,in/ructor expla9 m\nt$ specim5s illu/rat+ %r9kage4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,pupils1 f9i%+ projects 9 ,gr\p ,,vii n[1 may get out /ock & beg9 squ>+ x up = ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,vii47 ,lesson #bc4 ,,recitation-- ,respiration is ano!r "n = brea?+4 ,h[ does x apply to plants8 ,animals brea? 9 oxyg5 & brea? out c>bonic acid gas4 ,h[ ab\t plants8 ,c>bonic acid gas is poison\s4 ,is x h>mful to h plants 9 ! h\se8 ,expla94 ,h[ d trees brea!8 ,transpiration8 ,:at is x & :]e & :y does x take place8 ,:at p] c5t4 ( liv+ cell is wat]8 ,:]e is ! wat] conta9$8 ,:i* has m wat] sap-wood or he>t-wood8 ,:i* is /rong] gre5 or season$ wood8 ,%r9kage8 ,:at makes a plank cut f a tree %r9k8 ,c\ld a plank %r9k )\t hav+ wat] 9 ! int]ior ( ! cells8 ,expla9 :y a plank %r9ks across ! gra9 b n along z ! eye c see4 ,two reasons a log %r9ks m along ! r+s ?an along ! radii4 ,! effect ( ?is great] %r9kage along ! r+s8 ,:i* %r9ks m1 sap-wood or he>t-wood8 ,effect on a pla9 saw$ bo>d8 7,on a qu>t]-saw$ bo>d87 ,:i* %r9ks m s(t or h>d wood8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bd-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #aah1 #aai1 #abj4 ,in/ructor expla9 m\nt$ specim5s illu/rat+ gra9 =mations--/raight1 curl$1 bird's eye4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,vii4 ,pupils1 f9i%+ projects 9 ,gr\p ,,vii n[1 may get out /ock & beg9 squ>+ x up = ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,viii47 ,lesson #bd4 ,,recitation-- ,:at is ! weight or specific gravity ( wood8 ,oak or p9e8 ,:y does wood float !n8 ,^u :at two ?+s does ! weight ( any giv5 piece ( wood dep5d8 ,does x ev] v>y8 ,:y8 ,:y are "s k9ds ( wood heavi] ?an o!rs simil>ly season$8 ,is a heavy piece /rong] ?an a light piece ( ! same size8 ,:at is meant by /r5g?1 ela/icity1 h>dness1 t\ghness1 cleavability8 ,:at is meant by /raight gra98 ,cross-gra9$8 ,twi/$8 ,causes8 ,:at makes bird's eyes 9 "s woods8 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,demon/ration2 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #be-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #hj1 #ha1 #hb4 ,,demon/ration-- ,recall /eps 9 squ>+ up r\gh /ock1 use ( w9d+ /icks & o!r te/s4 ,! ess5tial po9ts 9 lay+ out & work+ cross-lap jo9t by fir/ me?od4 ,,"w-- ,all pupils lay aside pres5t "w & squ>e up /ock =1 & make1 cross-lap ex]cise piece4 ,:5 jo9t is complet$ f9i% any unf9i%$ "w ( ,gr\p ,,vii1 !n beg9 ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,viii47 ,lesson #be4 ,,recitation-- ,cross-lap jo9t8 ,:y plane /ock = ! two p>ts 9 "o piece8 ,:at ab\t ! face m>ks 9 case ?is is done8 ,:y8 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! two me?ods giv58 ,/ate ! t5 /eps 9 mak+ ! jo9t by ! fir/ me?od4 ,9 ! second me?od h[ are ! grooves & _! wid?s det]m9$8 ,:at ab\t ! location ( ! grooves ) ref]5ce to ! faces8 ,:at ab\t ! faces 9 gag+ = dep? ( groove8 ,:y8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bf-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #aba1 #abb to ! bottom ( page #acj4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,f9i% ex]cise piece & cont9ue z 9 lesson #bd4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,viii47 ,lesson #bf4 ,,recitation-- ,lumb]+8 ,two k9ds & _! diff]5ces8 ,! camp2 select+ trees2 fell+2 trimm+2 cutt+ to l5g?8 ,skidd+8 ,transportation ( logs to mill8 ,by c>s1 spla% dam1 rafts1 riv] driv+4 ,mill+8 ,location2 log-booms2 soak+ logs 9 mill-pond8 ,?ree k9ds ( saws8 ,advantages & disadvantages ( ea*8 ,timb]s1 planks1 & bo>ds8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bg-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #abb cont9u$1 #abc1 #abd4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,viii47 ,lesson #bg4 ,,recitation-- ,lumb]+8 ,at ! mill8 ,! log-slide1 inspection1 measur+1 kick+ logs out ( slip on log-deck4 ,saw+ process 9 detail8 #a4 ,log plac$ on c>riage & dogg$ & slab ) a few bo>ds tak5 (f4 #b4 ,a half turn & slab & few bo>ds tak54 #c4 ,a qu>t] turn & ne>ly all saw$ up4 #d4 ,half turn & all saw$ up4 ,! live rolls8 ,edg]s8 ,trimm]s or jump saws8 ,butt+ saws8 ,sla%]8 ,x is us$ on slabs4 ,:at becomes ( slabs8 ,qu>t]-saw+8 ,:y & h[8 ,:y d qu>t]-saw$ bo>ds n w>p l pla9 saw$8 ,uses = wa/e wood8 ,burn]s8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bh-- ,ess5tials1 ,sections #abe1 #abf1 #abg4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,cont9ue ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,viii47 ,lesson #bh4 ,,recitation-- ,h[ is saw$ lumb] transport$8 ,two me?ods ( season+8 ,:y & h[ /ick lumb]8 ,air season+8 ,"t requir$8 ,dep5ds ^u :at8 ,kiln dry+8 ,:y8 ,temp]ature ( kiln8 ,h[ d s(t & h>d woods diff] z to me?ods ( season+8 ,"t requir$ = ea*8 ,*ecks 9 h>d wood8 ,:y8 ,h[ prev5t$8 ,case h>d5+8 ,:y8 ,h[ prev5t$8 ,cle> lumb]8 ,dress$ lumb]8 ,abbreviation = dress$ lumb]8 ,h[ is lumb] comput$ & sold8 ,%+les1 la?1 & mold+s8 ,h[ w\ld y specify lumb] 9 an ord]8 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #bi-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,app5dix ,,iii1 ,sections #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 & ,sections #bf1 #bg1 #bh1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cd4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,viii47 ,lesson #bi4 ,,review-- ,in/ructor w place six que/ions on ! blackbo>d1 select$ f ,assignm5t = ?is ,lesson4 ,pupils w write ! answ]s to five ( ^!1 mak+ complete /atem5ts 9 ea* case s t ! in/ructor w "k :at is be+ discuss$ )\t ref]r+ to ! "q li/4 ,in/ructor w insi/ ^u full s5t5ces--subject & pr$icate--t ! pupil may n =m bad habits 9 8 ,engli%4 ,h uni=m head+s4 ,insi/ on neatness4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #cj-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #df1 #dg1 #dh1 #di1 #ej1 #ea1 #eb1 #ec1 #ed1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg1 #fb1 #fc4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,viii47 ,lesson #cj4 ,,review-- ,in/ructor w place six que/ions on ! blackbo>d1 select$ f ,assignm5t = ?is ,lesson4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ca-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #gf1 #gg1 #ad1 #fd1 #eh1 #fa1 #ga1 #gb4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,viii47 ,lesson #ca4 ,,review-- ,in/ructor w place six que/ions on ! blackbo>d1 select$ f ,assignm5t = ?is ,lesson4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #cb-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #gh1 #gi1 #gc1 #gd1 #ge1 #adg1 #adh1 #adi4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,viii47 ,lesson #cb4 ,,review-- ,in/ructor w give ea* pupil "o "q1 = oral answ]1 select$ f ,assignm5t = ?is ,lesson4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #cc-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #aej1 #aea1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aed1 #aee1 #aef1 #aac4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,viii47 ,lesson #cc4 ,,review-- ,in/ructor w give ea* pupil "o "q = oral answ]1 select$ f ,assignm5t = ?is ,lesson4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #cd-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #aac1 #aad1 #aae1 #aaf1 #aag1 #aah1 #aai1 #abj1 #hj1 #ha1 #hb4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,viii47 ,lesson #cd4 ,,review-- ,oral te/ f ,assignm5t = ?is ,lesson4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #ce-- ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #aba1 #abb1 #abc1 #abd1 #abe1 #abf1 #abg4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,grade ,,viii4 7,,woodwork+ ,,gr\p ,,viii47 ,lesson #ce4 ,,review-- ,oral te/ f ,assignm5t = ?is ,lesson4 ,,assignm5t ,,= ,,lesson #cf-- ,?is closes ! text "w = ! ye>4 ,,demon/ration-- ,none4 ,,"w-- ,^? f9i%+ projects w assi/ sl[] pupils or d any necess>y "w ab\t ! %op su* z mak+ b5*-hooks1 scrap+ b5* tops1 etc4 ,all pupils are to be kept busy at "s "w until ! la/ day4 ,! la/ week1 ea* class w poli% tools4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,lesson ,,outl9es ,,= ,,grade ,,ix4 ,f ! detail$ outl9es ( ! gramm> s*ool ! high s*ool in/ructor w be enabl$ to detail 8 lessons to suit 8 "t allotm5t & p]iods ( "w4 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,fir/ ,,week3 ,review 8,squ>+ up ( ,/ock40 ,r\gh & mill-plan$4 ,ess5tials ( ,woodwork+1 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,squ>e up /ock = jo9t ex]cises4 ,demon/rate mortise & t5on1 key$4 ,ess5tials1 ,sections #hg1 #hh1 #hi1 #ij1 #ia4 ,pupils make mortise & t5on1 key$4 ,recitation on same4 ,,second ,,week3 ,squ>e up /ock = ex]cise 9 mortise & t5on1 bl9d1 & mit] jo9t4 ,demon/rate mortise & t5on1 bl9d4 ,ess5tials1 ,sections #ib1 #ic1 #id1 #ie1 #if1 #ig1 #ih4 ,pupils make mortise & t5on1 bl9d1 & mit] jo9t4 ,recitation4 ,,?ird ,,week3 ,prep>e /ock = model+ ex]cise4 ,demon/rate model+--hamm]-h&le4 ,ess5tials1 ,section #fa4 ,pupils make hamm]-h&le4 ,recitation4 ,,f\r? ,,week3 ,saw /ock = glue jo9t4 7,consult work+ draw+s47 ,demon/ration ( glue jo9t4 ,ess5tials1 ,sections #hc1 #hd1 #he1 #hf4 ,pupils make glue jo9ts4 ,recitation4 ,,fif? ,,week3 ,review gett+ out /ock 9 quantity4 ,demon/rate use ( ,b&-saw4 ,pupils get out /ock = projects4 ,recitation4 ,,six? ,,week3 ,review 8,lay+ out & ,work+ ,duplicate ,p>ts40 ,ess5tials1 ,sections #fb1 #gg4 ,demon/rate ,lay+ out & ,work+ ,duplicate ,p>ts4 ,pupils proce$ z _! "w all[s4 ,recitation4 ,,sev5? ,,week3 ,demon/rate use ( ,jig-saw4 ,pupils use ,jig-saw z _! "w necessitates4 ,recitation4 ,,eigh? ,,week3 ,demon/rate clamp+ fram$ /ructures4 ,pupils clamp z _! "w all[s4 ,recitation4 ,,n9? ,,week3 ,prep>ation = 8,f9i%+40 ,ess5tials1 ,review ,sections #adg1 #adh1 #adi1 #aej1 #aea4 ,demon/rate ,prep>ation ( surfaces = f9i%4 ,recitation4 ,,t5? ,,week3 ,demon/ration ( application fir/ coats4 ,ess5tials1 ,sections #aed1 #aee1 #aef1 #aeg1 #aeh4 ,pupils apply f9i% z "w all[s4 ,recitation4 ,,elev5? ,,week3 ,demon/rate o!r f9i%+ coats4 ,ess5tials1 ,section #aei4 ,pupils proce$ z "w all[s4 ,recitation4 ,,twelf? ,,week3 ,demon/rate pat*+4 ,ess5tials1 ,section #afj4 ,recitation4 ,,?irte5? ,,week3 ,/udy ( ,woods4 ,ess5tials1 ,sections #abh1 #abi4 ,recitation4 ,,f\rte5? ,,week3 ,/udy ( ,woods4 ,ess5tials1 ,sections #acj1 #aca1 #acb4 ,recitation4 ,,fifte5? ,,week3 ,/udy ( ,woods4 ,ess5tials1 ,sections #acc1 #acd1 #ace1 #acf4 ,recitation4 ,,sixte5? ,,week3 ,/udy ( ,woods4 ,ess5tials1 ,sections #acg1 #ach1 #aci1 #adj1 #ada4 ,recitation4 ,,sev5te5? ,,week3 ,/udy ( ,woods4 ,ess5tials1 ,sections #adb1 #adc1 #add1 #ade1 #adf4 ,recitation4 ,,eighte5? ,,week3 ,f9i% up4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,work+ ,,draw+s4 ,,projects ,,= ,,beg9n+ ,,woodwork ,,& ,,me*anical ,,draw+4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates4 ,,gr\p ,i4 #a4 ,cutt+ bo>d4 ,,gr\p ,,ii4 #b4 ,c\nt+ bo>d4 #c4 ,coat & ,hat rack4 #d4 ,key-rack4 ,,gr\p ,,iii4 #e4 ,r+toss4 #f4 ,spool hold]4 #g4 ,game bo>d4 #h4 ,laundry regi/]4 ,,gr\p ,,iv4 #i4 ,sleeve bo>d4 #aj4 ,bread bo>d4 #aa4 ,cake bo>d4 #ab4 ,sc\r+ bo>d4 #ac4 ,coat hang]4 ,,gr\p ,v4 #ad4 ,nail box4 #ae4 ,knife poli%+ box4 #af4 ,knife & =k box4 #ag4 ,bird h\se4 #ah4 ,broom hold]4 #ai4 ,b5*-hook4 ,,gr\p ,,vi4 #bj4 ,teapot blocks4 #ba4 ,!rmomet] back4 #bb4 ,cal5d> m\nt4 #bc4 ,c>d hold]4 #bd4 ,bill file4 #be4 ,h&k]*ief box4 #bf4 ,glove box4 ,,gr\p ,,vii4 #bg4 ,groove jo9t4 #bh4 ,book-rack4 #bi4 ,necktie rack4 #cj4 ,magaz9e rack4 #ca4 ,foot/ool4 #cb4 ,pap] or magaz9e wall rack4 #cc4 ,wall %elf4 #cd4 ,table or desk %elves4 #ce4 ,taboret4 #cf4 ,/ool4 ,,gr\p ,,viii4 #cg4 ,cross-lap jo9t4 #ch4 ,book tr\gh4 #ci4 ,electric clu/]4 #dj4 ,electric table or desk light4 #da4 ,cal5d> m\nt or memo bo>d4 #db4 ,hall rack or mirror frame4 #dc4 ,picture-frame4 #dd4 ,taboret4 #de4 ,*9a wall rack4 #df4 ,p$e/al4 ,,supplem5t>y4 #dg4 ,sugge/ive treatm5ts = /ool4 #dh4 ,sugge/ive treatm5ts = necktie rack4 #di4 ,sugge/ive treatm5ts = book-rack4 #ej4 ,introductory %eet1 ,draw+4 #ea4 ,geometric %eet1 ,draw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,i4 ,,plate #a4 ,,cutt+ ,,bo>d ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ii4 ,,plate #b4 ,,c\nt+ ,,bo>d ,,?ru ,,bore ,,holes ,,at ,,f ,,d[el ,,/ock ,,saw #c ,,pieces ,,ea* #a ,,long ,,po9t ,,! ,,ends ,,ea* ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ii4 ,,plate #c4 ,,coat ,,& ,,hat ,,rack ,,holes ,,= ,,screws ,,at #b ,,wire ,,coat ,,hooks ,,at ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ii4 ,,plate #d4 ,,key ,,rack ,,holes ,,= ,,screws ,,at ,,brass ,,cup ,,hooks ,,at ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,iii4 ,,plate #e4 ,,r+ ,,toss ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,iii4 ,,plate #f4 ,,game ,,bo>d ,,f ,,d[el ,,/ock ,,make #cb ,,pegs ,,po9t ,,ends ,,ea* ,,solitaire--,,place ,,all ,,pegs ,,9 ,,! ,,bo>d--,,jump ,,pegs ,,"o ,,ov] ,,ano!r ,,along ,,/raight ,,l9es1 ,,horizontally1 ,,v]tically ,,or ,,diagonally--,,plan ,,! ,,plays ,,s ,,t ,,! ,,f9al ,,peg ,,to ,,be ,,remov$ ,,w ,,l& ,,jump] ,,9 ,,c5tral ,,hole4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,iii4 ,,plate #g4 ,,spool ,,hold] ,,po9t ,,top ,,( ,,ea* ,,d[el ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,iii4 ,,plate #h4 ,,laundry ,,regi/] ,,at ,,ea* ,,bore ,a ,,hole ,,deep ,,f ,,d[el ,,/ock ,,saw #aj ,,pegs #a ,,long ,,po9t ,,! ,,ends ,,%irts ,,coll>s ,,cuffs ,u-,,%irts ,,draw]s ,,h&k',,fs ,,socks ,,union-,s',t ,,pajamas ,,extrae#aff ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,plate #i4 ,,sleeve ,,bo>d ,,section ,,at ,a-,b ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,plate #aj4 ,,bread ,,bo>d ,,section ,,at ,a-,b ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,plate #aa4 ,,cake ,,bo>d ,,or ,,crock ,,cov] ,,section ,,at ,a-,b ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,plate #ab4 ,,sc\r+ ,,bo>d ,,cross ,,section ,,at ,c-,d ,,to ,,locate ,f ,,& ,f #a4 ,,locate ,,po9t 8,d04 #b4 ,,take 8,r0 8,o-,b0 ,,& ,,draw4 ,f,e ,,ef ,,ab ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,iv4 ,,plate #ac4 ,,coat ,,hang] ,,section ,,at ,a-,b ,,sweep ,,arcs #af ,,& #bg ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,v4 ,,plate #ad4 ,,nail ,,box ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,v4 ,,plate #ae4 ,,knife ,,poli%+ ,,box ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,v4 ,,plate #af4 ,,knife ,,& ,,=k ,,box ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,v4 ,,plate #ag4 ,,bird ,,h\se ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,v4 ,,plate #ah4 ,,broom ,,hold] ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,v4 ,,plate #ai4 ,,b5* ,,hook ,,"r ,,& ,,left ,,h& ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,plate #bj4 ,,teapot ,,blocks 7,,blank ,,model--,,to ,,be ,,modifi$7 ,,sugge/ions ,,/ock- ,,?ick ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,plate #ba4 ,,!rmomet] ,,back 7,,blank ,,model--,,to ,,be ,,modifi$7 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,plate #bb4 ,,cal5d> ,,m\nt 7,,blank ,,model--,,to ,,be ,,modifi$7 ,,design$ ,,by ,,gordon ,,kell> ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,plate #bc4 ,,c>d ,,hold] 7,,blank ,,model--,,to ,,be ,,modifi$7 ,,sugge/ions ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,plate #bd4 ,,bill ,,file 7,,blank ,,model--,,to ,,be ,,modifi$7 #cj;d ,,wire ,,box ,,nail ,,glue ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,plate #be4 ,,h&k]*ief ,,box 7,,blank ,,model--,,to ,,be ,,modifi$7 ,,modifi$ ,,edges ,,top-,,bottom ,,top-,,bottom ,,top ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vi4 ,,plate #bf4 ,,glove ,,box 7,,blank ,,model--,,to ,,be ,,modifi$7 ,,modifi$ ,,edges ,,top-,,bottom ,,top-,,bottom ,,top ,,top-,,bottom ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,plate #bg4 ,,groove ,,jo9t 7,,prep>atory ,,to ,,gr\p ,,vii7 ,,gage ,,sett+ ,,gage ,,sett+ ,,saw ,,"h ,,dado ,,jo9t ,,gage ,,sett+ ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,plate #bh4 ,,book ,,rack ,,ends ,,h\s$ ,,into ,,base ,,to ,,screw ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,plate #bi4 ,,necktie ,,rack ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,plate #cj4 ,,magaz9e ,,rack ,,ends ,,h\s$ ,,9 ,,base ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,plate #ca4 ,,foot ,,/ool ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,plate #cb4 ,,pap] ,,or ,,magaz9e ,,wall ,,rack ,,detail ,,( ,,%elf ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,plate #cc4 ,,wall ,,%elf ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,plate #cd4 ,,table ,,or ,,desk ,,%elves ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,plate #ce4 ,,taboret ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,vii4 ,,plate #cf4 ,,/ool ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,plate #cg4 ,,cross-,,lap ,,jo9t 7,,prep>atory ,,to ,,gr\p ,,viii7 ,,gage ,,sett+ ,,saw ,,k]f ,,gage ,,sett+ ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,plate #ch4 ,,book ,,tr\gh ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,plate #ci4 ,,woodwork ,,= ,,electric ,,clu/] ,,ceil+ ,,block ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,plate #dj4 ,,electric ,,table ,,or ,,desk ,,light ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,plate #da4 ,,cal5d> ,,m\nt ,,or ,,memo ,,bo>d ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,plate #db4 ,,hall ,,rack ,,or ,,mirror ,,frame #aj #ah ,,mirror ,,or ,,po/] ,,picture ,,/ock ,,= ,,back+ ,,hooks ,,at ,,= ,,hall ,,rack ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,plate #dc4 ,,picture ,,frame ,,p]ry ,,pictures #gef ,,& #geg ,,sugge/$ ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,plate #dd4 ,,taboret ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,plate #de4 ,,*9a ,,wall ,,rack ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,viii4 ,,plate #df4 ,,p$e/al ,illu/ration3 ,,supplem5t>y4 ,,plate #dg4 ,,sugge/ive ,,treatm5ts ,,= ,,/ool ,illu/ration3 ,,supplem5t>y4 ,,plate #dh4 ,,sugge/ive ,,treatm5ts ,,= ,,necktie ,,rack ,,h\s$ ,,jo9t ,,dado ,,jo9t ,illu/ration3 ,,supplem5t>y4 ,,plate #di4 ,,sugge/ive ,,treatm5ts ,,= ,,book ,,rack ,,h\s$ ,,jo9t ,,design ,,by ,,clevel& ,,elem5t>y ,,ind4 ,,s*ool4 ,,dado ,,dado ,illu/ration3 ,,introductory ,,%eet1 ,,draw+4 ,,plate #ej4 ,,abcdefghijklmn ,,opqr/uvwxyz #abcdefghi #ij #cj #fj #de ,,abc #jabc ,,abc #jabc ,illu/ration3 ,,geometric ,,%eet1 ,,draw+4 ,,plate #ea4 ,,hexagon ,,six-,,po9t ,,/> ,,octagon ,,ellipse ,,advanc$ ,,projects ,,9 ,,woodwork4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates4 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 #a4 ,ex]cises--,key$ t5on2 ,bl9d ,mortise-&-t5on4 #b4 ,ex]cises--,mit] jo9t2 ,glue jo9t4 #c4 ,ex]cises--,model+1 ,hamm] h&les4 #d4 ,necktie ,rack4 #e4 ,foot ,/ool4 #f4 ,book ,rack4 #g4 ,uphol/]$ ,/ool4 #h4 ,leg ,re/4 #i4 ,cricket4 #aj4 ,wall ,%elves4 #aa4 ,/ool 7squ>e74 #ab4 ,taboret 7octagonal top7 #ac4 ,taboret 7r\nd top74 #ad4 ,small ,table4 #ae4 ,taboret 7oblong top74 #af4 ,piano ,b5*4 #ag4 ,piano ,b5*4 #ah4 ,book ,/&4 #ai4 ,umbrella ,/&4 #bj4 ,umbrella ,/&4 #ba4 ,j>d9i]e ,/&4 #bb4 ,magaz9e ,/&4 #bc4 ,roman ,seat4 #bd4 ,light ,/&4 #be4 ,/ool 7squ>e74 #bf4 ,book ,tr\gh4 #bg4 ,scre54 #bh4 ,tea ,table4 #bi4 ,hall ,rack4 #cj4 ,wall ,*9a ,rack4 #ca4 ,side ,*air4 #cb4 ,arm ,*air4 #cc4 ,morris ,*air4 #cd4 ,electric ,read+ ,lamp4 #ce4 ,p$e/al4 #cf4 ,occasional ,rock]4 #cg4 ,mission ,*air4 #ch4 ,drop ,leaf ,table4 ,,gr\p ,x4 #ci4 ,ex]cises--,mortise-&-t5on2 ,rabbet$1 ,groov$4 #dj4 ,ex]cises--,?ru ,multiple ,dovetail2 ,half bl9d ,dovetail4 #da4 ,wa/e ,pap] ,box4 #db4 ,wall ,cab9et4 #dc4 ,telephone ,table4 #dd4 ,sew+ ,cab9et4 #de4 ,writ+ ,table4 #df4 ,*af+ ,di% ,/&4 #dg4 ,cab9et4 #dh4 ,libr>y ,table4 #di4 ,writ+ ,desk4 #ej4 ,dress+ ,table4 #ea4 ,l95 ,*e/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #a4 ,,ex]cise 7,,prep>atory ,,to ,,gr\p ,,ix7 ,,key$ ,,t5on ,,bl9d ,,mortise ,,& ,,t5on ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #b4 ,,ex]cise 7,,prep>atory ,,to ,,gr\p ,,ix7 ,,glue ,,jo9t-,,d[el+ ,,mit] ,,jo9t ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #c4 ,,ex]cise ,,prep>atory ,,to ,,gr\p ,,ix 7,,*oose ,,"o7 ,,h&le ,,= ,,ball ,,pe5 ,,hamm] ,,h&le ,,= ,,claw ,,hamm] ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #d4 ,,necktie ,,rack ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #e4 ,,foot ,,/ool ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #f4 ,,book ,,rack ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #g4 ,,uphol/]$ ,,/ool ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #h4 ,,leg ,,re/ ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #i4 ,,cricket ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #aj4 ,,wall ,,%elves ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #aa4 ,,/ool ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #ab4 ,,taboret ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #ac4 ,,taboret ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #ad4 ,,small ,,table ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #ae4 ,,taboret ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #af4 ,,piano ,,b5* ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #ag4 ,,piano ,,b5* ,,detail ,,( ,,jo9t ,,at ,a-,b ,,enl>g$ ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #ah4 ,,book ,,/& ,,end ,,( ,,l[] ,,%elf ,,end ,,( ,,middle ,,%elves ,,detail ,,( ,,jo9t ,,at ,a-,b ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #ai4 ,,umbrella ,,/& ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #bj4 ,,umbrella ,,/& ,,copp] ,,drip ,,pan ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #ba4 ,,j>d9i]e ,,/& ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #bb4 ,,magaz9e ,,/& ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #bc4 ,,roman ,,seat ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bd4 ,,light ,,/& ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #be4 ,,/ool ,,detail ,,( ,,corn] ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #bf4 ,,book ,,tr\gh ,,detail ,,( ,,tr\gh ,,back ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #bg4 ,,scre5 ,,mirror ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #bh4 ,,tea ,,table ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #bi4 ,,hall ,,rack ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #cj4 ,,wall ,,*9a ,,rack ,,detail ,,( ,a-,b ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #ca4 ,,side ,,*air ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #cb4 ,,arm ,,*air ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #cc4 ,,morris ,,*air ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #cd4 ,,electric ,,read+ ,,lamp ,,section ,,at ,a-,b ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #ce4 ,,p$e/al ,,egg ,,& ,,d>t ,,section ,,at ,a-,b ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #cf4 ,,occasional ,,rock] ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #cg4 ,,mission ,,*air ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,ix4 ,,plate #ch4 ,,drop ,,leaf ,,table ,,detail ,,( ,,jo9t ,,at ,a-,b ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #ci4 ,,ex]cise--,,prep>atory ,,to ,,gr\p ,x ,,mortise & ,,t5on-,,rabbet$ ,,haun*$ ,,mortise ,,& ,,t5on-,,groov$ ,,saw ,,k]f ,,saw ,,k]f ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #dj4 ,,ex]cise--,,prep>atory ,,to ,,gr\p ,x ,,?ru ,,multiple ,,dovetail ,,half-,,bl9d ,,dovetail ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #da4 ,,wa/e ,,pap] ,,box ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #db4 ,,wall ,,cab9et ,,detail ,,( ,,%elf ,,at ,a-,b ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #dc4 ,,telephone ,,table ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #dd4 ,,sew+ ,,cab9et ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #de4 ,,writ+ ,,table ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #df4 ,,*af+ ,,di% ,,/& ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #dg4 ,,cab9et ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #dh4 ,,libr>y ,,table ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #di4 ,,writ+ ,,desk ,,comm]cial ,,design ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #ej4 ,,dress+ ,,table ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,x4 ,,plate #ea4 ,,l95 ,,*e/ ,,section ,,at ,a-,b ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,dep5d+ on ! h>d- & s(tw>e us$ & _! sett+s1 n all elem5ts may display z int5d$4 ,"s =ms1 tables & illu/rations may n display prop]ly 9 a n>r[ w9d[ or on a n>r[ scre54 ,except z m5tion$ "u ,*anges made bel[1 ! language us$ 9 ! s\rce docum5t has be5 reta9$1 includ+ unusual1 ar*aic & inconsi/5t spell+1 hyph5ation1 capitalisation1 etc4 ,errors1 discrepancies & ambiguities 9 7co/7 calculations h n be5 correct$ unless m5tion$ bel[4 ,page #gh-gi1 price calculations3 ,! s\rce docum5t gives 4#jj = ! price ( ! *isel-bo>d4 ,page #aaj1 7,me*anical ,draw+ #ab weeks 4443 !re is no clos+ bracket 9 ! s\rce docum5t4 ,page #baa1 ,plate #bd3 ! ,gr\p numb] is n includ$ 9 ! caption4 ,*anges made3 ,illu/rations1 =ms1 tables etc4 h be5 mov$ out ( text p>agraphs4 ,"s obvi\s m9or punctuation & typographical errors h be5 correct$ sil5tly4 & x 9 multiplications & dim5sions h be5 /&>dis$ to 4 ,9 sev]al =ms & tables "s ( ! ditto m>ks 787 h be5 replac$ ) ! ditto$ text4 ,"s wide =ms & tables h be5 split4 ,"p ,,iii3 project names1 project "p names & con/ruction in/ructions f ! draw+s h be5 transcrib$ = ! sake ( cl>ity & legibility2 measurem5ts & descriptions ( m9or con/ructive elem5ts su* z screws & nails h only be5 transcrib$ :5 ne$$4 ,! mo/ important text elem5ts f ! illu/rations 9 ! text *apt]s h be5 transcrib$ z well4 ,page #ch1 caption ) ,fig4 #d3 ,octob] #ahjh *ang$ to ,octob]1 #aijh ,page #abh-abi1 ,head+ ,woodwork+ ,gr\p ,,viii consid]$ to be "p ( head+ ,grade ,,viii z on previ\s pages4 ,page #aee3 ,,/ock- ,,?ick *ang$ to ,,/ock- ,,?ick