,a ,guide to ,the ,cathedral ,church of ,st4 ,john the ,divine in the ,city of ,new ,york4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,north ,,elevation ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral 7,from ,architect's ,design7 ,a ,guide to the ,cathedral ,church of ,saint ,john the ,divine in the ,city of ,new ,york by ,edward ,hagaman ,hall1 ,l4 ,h4 ,d4 ,new ,york ,the ,laymen's ,club of the ,cathedral #aibd ,fifth ,edition4 ,copyright1 #aibj1 #aiba1 #aibb1 #aibd1 by ,the ,laymen's ,club of ,the ,cathedral ,church of ,st4 ,john the ,divine1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,introductory ,note ,this ,guide to the ,cathedral of ,saint ,john the ,divine purposely departs from the conventional guide book in several respects4 ,the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine is not centuries old like those in ,europe1 but is in the building2 and it has seemed appropriate in the first place to express something of its ,spirit before describing the details of its ,fabric4 ,in the next place1 the great majority of visitors to the ,cathedral are strangers1 people of other denominations1 and1 on account of its proximity to one of the leading ,american universities1 students4 ,for this reason1 an effort has been made to avoid technical terms as far as possible2 to explain the significance of much symbolism not generally understood2 and to insert ,bible references freely for the benefit of those who wish to study further the meaning of the scenes and objects described4 ,lest some of the explanations--as1 for instance1 that in regard to the probable date of the completion of the ,cathedral--be deemed superfluous1 it may be said that this1 as well as nearly every other statement in the following pages1 is an answer to some question asked among the thousand and one interrogations which manifest popular interest in the ,cathedral's growth4 ,in response to more than one request1 8some of those little things that one would tell informally in explaining the ,cathedral to a friend0 have been included4 ,among these are the incident of the blind woman who 8saw0 the ,cathedral1 which possesses a touching human interest2 and the story of the ,dove of ,peace1 in which may be seen the beginning of the traditional lore that will grow up around the ,cathedral as the years roll on4 ,for their valuable cooperation in the preparation of the ,guide1 grateful acknowledgment is made to the ,very ,rev4 ,howard ,c4 ,robbins1 ,d4,d41 ,dean of the ,cathedral1 and to the ,rev4 ,george ,f4 ,nelson1 ,d4,d41 and the ,rev4 ,robert ,ellis ,jones4 ,d4,d41 ,canons4 ,many thanks for courtesies and accommodations in photographing and studying the ,cathedral are also due to ,mr4 ,thomas ,meatyard1 the ,verger4 ,illustration3 ,the ,cathedral ,flag 7,see ,page #ef7 ,contents ,i4 ,,the ,,spirit ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral4 ,the ,real ,cathedral #aa ,praise in its ,greatness #ab ,praise in its ,beauty #ab ,praise in its ,service #ac ,the ,spirit of ,democracy #ad ,a ,civic ,institution #ae ,a ,great ,symbol #af ,a ,sign of ,stability #af ,,ii4 ,,the ,,fabric ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral4 ,name and ,namesake #ai ,location and ,access #bj ,administration and ,clergy #bb ,seals #bc ,services #be ,visitors #bf ,architecture #bg ,plan and ,size #bg ,progress of ,construction #bh ,funds for ,building #bi ,foundation and ,structure #ca ,exterior of ,chapels #ca ,clerestory of ,choir #cc ,stone ,shields #cc ,west ,front #cd ,nave #cf ,crossing #dj ,pulpit #db ,tapestries #df ,litany ,desk #df ,choir #dh ,choir ,parapet #di ,pavements #ea ,lectern #eb ,choir ,stalls #ed ,organ #ee ,cathedral ,flag #ef ,high ,altar #ef ,credence ,table #eh ,great ,columns #ei ,clerestory ,windows #fj ,ambulatory #ff ,founder's ,tomb #fh ,choir ,boys' ,stone #fi ,seven ,chapels of ,tongues #fi ,chapel of ,st4 ,james #ga ,chapel of ,st4 ,ambrose #gf ,chapel of ,st4 ,martin #hj ,chapel of ,st4 ,saviour #hd ,chapel of ,st4 ,columba #hg ,chapel of ,st4 ,boniface #ij ,chapel of ,st4 ,ansgarius #ie ,corner ,stone #ajj ,crypt #ajj ,summary of ,dimensions #aja ,bishops of ,new ,york #ajb ,,iii4 ,,other ,,buildings1 ,,etc4 ,bishop's ,house #ajd ,deanery #ajd ,choir ,school #ajf ,st4 ,faith's ,house #aaj ,synod ,house #aaj ,open ,air ,pulpit #aad ,cathedral ,organizations #aae ,guide ,book #aaf ,illustration3 ,,plan #a4 ,west ,front1 not begun #b4 ,nave1 foundation laid #c4 ,crossing #d4 ,north ,transept1 not begun #e4 ,south ,transept1 not begun #f4 ,altar ,sacristy1 not begun #g4 ,baptistery1 begun ,may #bi1 #aibd #h4 ,choir ,sacristy1 not begun ,dotted lines indicate cloisters connecting with ,choir ,school #i4 ,dean's ,office1 with ,canons' ,offices adjoining1 not begun #aj4 ,choir #aa4 ,sanctuary #ab4 ,ambulatory ,seven ,chapels of ,tongues #ac4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,james #ad4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,ambrose #ae4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,martin of ,tours #af4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,saviour #ag4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,columba #ah4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,boniface #ai4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,ansgarius ,a4 ,bishop's ,house ,b4 ,deanery ,c4 ,choir ,school ,d4 ,st4 ,faith's ,house ,e4 ,new ,synod ,house ,f4 ,open ,air ,pulpit ,the ,old ,synod ,house 7formerly the ,leake ,watts ,orphan ,asylum7 stands on the site of the ,south ,transept 7#e7 and is not represented on this plan4 ,illustrations ,cathedral from northeast1 complete exterior design1 from architect's drawing ,frontispiece ,flag of the ,cathedral #f ,plan of the ,cathedral and ,close #h-i ,east end of ,cathedral 7exterior7 #ah ,seal of the ,diocese #bd ,seal of the ,cathedral #bd --- symbol 8,jesus ,christ ,conquers0 #cd ,,sp-,,sf-,,ss symbol1 8,holy ,father1 ,holy ,son1 ,holy ,spirit0 #cd ,symbols of ,st4 ,luke #cd ,west ,front1 from architect's drawing #ce ,nave 7exterior71 from composite photograph of model #cg ,nave 7interior71 from composite photograph of model #ci ,nave foundation and ,crossing 7exterior7 #da ,pulpit 7indoors7 #dc ,barberini tapestry1 8,the ,last ,supper0 #de ,crossing and ,choir 7interior7 #dg ,choir ,stalls1 south side #ec ,high ,altar #eg ,credence ,table with ,magna ,charta ,stones #eh ,the ,founder's ,tomb #fg ,chapel of ,st4 ,james 7interior7 #gc ,coats of ,arms in windows of ,chapel of ,st4 ,martin3 ,city of ,rheims #hb ,notre ,dame ,cathedral of ,paris #hb ,archbishop of ,tours #hb ,chapter of ,poitiers #hb ,st4 ,martin of ,tours #hb ,archdiocese of ,rheims #hb ,dukes of ,orleans #hb ,niche of ,england ,cathedral ,stones #ie ,the ,sacrifice #ii ,bishop's ,house #aje ,deanery #ajg ,choir ,school #aji ,synod ,house #aaa ,part ,one ,the ,spirit of the ,cathedral ,the ,real ,cathedral ,on ,morningside ,heights1 in the ,city of ,new ,york1 on ground consecrated by the blood of our forefathers in the ,war for ,independence1 stands a trinity of institutions which represent with singular completeness the three-fold nature of man3 ,columbia ,university1 which ministers to the ,mind2 ,st4 ,luke's ,hospital1 which ministers to the ,body2 and the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine1 which ministers to the ,soul4 ,this little book is designed to assist visitors to understand the meaning and purpose of the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine4 ,some such aid1 either written or oral1 is needed1 for a great cathedral cannot be comprehended in the glance of an eye4 ,certain features1 such as its magnitude and general beauty1 are obvious2 but inwrought with these is a wealth of meaning which is the soul of the ,cathedral--the real ,cathedral--and which reveals itself only on intimate acquaintance4 ,when ,ruskin called ,amiens ,cathedral 8,the ,bible of ,amiens10 he used a figure of speech applicable to all cathedrals4 ,the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine is 8,the ,word in stone40 ,it is a sacred book1 written in massive pier and ponderous arch1 in sculptured marble and carved oak1 in stained glass window and inlaid mosaic1 in embroidered fabric and woven tapestry1 whose pages are full of delight1 inspiration and help for those who will take the trouble to read them4 ,the ,cathedral performs its function as a place for the praise and worship of ,almighty ,god in two ways--statically in the grandeur and beauty of the temple1 and actively in the services held within it4 ,praise in its ,greatness ,like other great cathedrals1 ,st4 ,john the ,divine first impresses by its size4 ,its magnitude is not only becoming to its rank as the chief church of the great ,diocese of ,new ,york and necessary for the accommodation of large congregations1 but it also has a spiritual purpose1 for it gives one the feeling of something bigger than one's self and of a ,power greater than one's own4 8,the ,cathedral gives me a feeling of humility10 said a man to ,bishop ,greer one day4 8,when ,i go in10 said a college girl to him1 8,i forget myself40 ,and a man whom the ,bishop met in the ,ambulatory said to him3 8,if ,i came here regularly1 something about it1--its size1 its spaciousness1 its loftiness1 its great receding ,choir--something about it would compel me to be a churchman40 ,praise in its ,beauty ,the ,cathedral is designed also to praise ,god in the glory of its ,beauty4 ,ruskin1 in 8,the ,laws of ,fesole10 says that 8all great art is praise40 ,here we have the three great and enduring arts of ,architecture1 ,sculpture and ,painting 7the latter as yet only in stained glass17 combined in a wonderful ,te ,deum of ,beauty4 ,for centuries the great cathedrals of the world have been the caskets of certain kinds of art--or1 rather1 of certain kinds of expression of art--not elsewhere to be found2 and in this respect the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine fills a place in our ,american life which no secular building can fill4 ,in the beauty of its general form1 in the beauty of its detail1 in the beauty of its symbolism1 and in the record of human achievement in godly living which these express1 the ,cathedral stirs the most reverent emotions and creates the noblest aspirations4 ,praise in its ,service ,but these silent though eloquent physical features are only adjuncts and helps to the active expression of praise in the ,cathedral ,service4 ,in this1 the impressive rites of the church and the congregational participation are aided by music brought to a high degree of perfection1 and the preaching from the pulpit aims to interpret the ,christian religion in terms of the practical every-day life of to-day4 ,in short1 the ,cathedral endeavors to employ all that is beautiful and majestic in ,art and ,service to bring ,god closer to men and to draw men closer to ,god4 ,those who live near enough to the ,cathedral to be able to attend its services frequently can appreciate the words of a man who lived most of his life in one of the great cathedral towns of ,england1 and who said3 8,i account it one of the greatest blessings of my life1 and a circumstance which gave a tone to my imagination which ,i would not resign for many earthly gifts1 that ,i lived in a place where the cathedral service was duly and beautifully performed4444 ,if the object of devotion be to make us feel1 and to carry away the soul from all earthly thoughts1 assuredly the grand chaunts of our cathedral service are not without their use4 ,i admire--none can admire more--the abstract idea of an assembly of reasoning beings offering up to the ,author of all good things their thanksgivings in a pure and intelligible form of words2 but the question will always intrude1 ,does the heart go along with this lip service8 and is the mind sufficiently excited by this reasonable worship to forget its accustomed associations with the business and vanities and passions of the world8 ,the cathedral service does affect the imagination and through that channel the heart40 ,the ,spirit of ,democracy ,while the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine is a ,protestant ,episcopal ,cathedral1 its ministrations are not restricted4 8,our democratic age10 said ,bishop ,henry ,c4 ,potter1 8demands a place of worship that will not disregard the teachings of the ,founder of ,christianity4 ,in this ,cathedral there will be no pews1 no locked doors1 no pre-payment for sittings1 no reserved rights of caste or rank1 but one and the same welcome for all40 ,and what ,bishop ,potter prophesied when the ,cathedral was first planned is literally true to-day4 ,the charter of the ,cathedral requires that 8the seats for worshippers in said ,cathedral ,church shall always be free20 and the ,cathedral welcomes everybody to its services1 irrespective of denominational affiliations1 nationality or worldly estate4 ,the ,cathedral also welcomes those who belong to no denomination4 ,its appeal to the latter was particularly contemplated when ,bishop ,potter said3 8,the person in the period of suspense as to certain fundamental beliefs needs something larger1 higher1 wider and roomier1 more impersonal for the time being1 than the parish church40 ,it is hardly necessary to add as a corollary of the foregoing that there are no 8strangers' pews0 in the ,cathedral2 and nobody1 however unaccustomed to the ,cathedral service1 needs to feel any timidity or hesitation about attending4 ,the large proportion of men in the ,cathedral congregations is particularly noticeable4 ,a ,civic ,institution ,in its present state of incompletion1 without ,nave and ,transepts1 the capacity of the ,cathedral is taxed to the utmost by its ordinary congregations1 and on special occasions thousands are turned away unable to enter4 ,the completion of the ,cathedral is therefore imperative2 and this is so for more than denominational reasons1 for the many notable special services held during and immediately following the late war already foreshadow the position which it is destined to occupy as a great ,civic and ,national ,institution4 ,the ,board of ,trustees recently said3 8,the city requires a religious edifice where people can gather together in large numbers to express in a corporate way their religious promptings and to find spiritual interpretation of great events40 ,such were the gatherings1--to mention but a few instances1--on the occasion of the ,kossovo ,day service ,june #af1 #aiah2 the thanksgiving for the withdrawal of ,austria from the war ,november #aj1 #aiah2 the thanksgiving for the cessation of hostilities ,november #ag2 the thanksgiving of the twelve ,liberated ,nationalities of middle ,europe ,november #bd2 the great ,thanksgiving ,day service for victory ,november #bh2a the rendering of ,gounod's 8,death and ,life0 ,december #a1 #aiah1 and ,dvorak's 8,requiem0 ,march #cj1 #aiai1 for all who died in the war2 the memorial service of the #ajgth 7including the former #gth7 regiment ,april #bg1 #aiai2 the ,lusitania memorial service ,may #g2 the ,new ,york ,letter ,carriers' memorial service ,may #be2 etc4 ,people rarely think of the ,english cathedrals as belonging to the ,church of ,england or of the ,french cathedrals as belonging to the ,roman ,catholic church4 ,they are regarded as belonging to everybody4 ,and such1 it is believed1 is the place which the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine will occupy in the minds of the people of the city and nation4 ,a ,great ,symbol ,the symbolism of various details of the ,cathedral will be mentioned hereafter2 but it should be said here that the ,cathedral as a whole is a great and wonderful symbol4 8,the religion which is inwrought with all the history of the ,american people10 said ,bishop ,potter1 8stands for certain lofty ideals of truth1 purity1 honesty1 loyalty and self-sacrifice4 ,every ideal must have some visible expression or symbol1 and this ideal of our religious faith from the very nature of it demands expression1 incarnation1 visible and material utterance worthy of its majesty and grandeur40 ,and the ,trustees not long ago said3 8,new ,york is the chief city of the ,western ,world4 ,it impresses the imagination at every turn by visible evidence of the power and splendor of material achievements in ,american life4 ,such a city should be dominated by a building which1 in its greatness1 dignity and beauty1 bears witness to those spiritual forces without which material achievement is valueless because soulless40 ,a ,sign of ,stability ,this ever-changing city also needs the ,cathedral as an evidence of stability4 ,business structures and apartment houses rise and disappear in a generation under the exigencies of the city's growth4 ,even parish churches give way under this seemingly irresistible pressure4 ,there is consequently little upon which to fasten permanently one's memories1 affections and historical traditions4 ,amid the changes and uncertainties of human life1 man instinctively looks to the ,church for something of permanence--something after all to which he can fasten his faith and upon which he can anchor his hopes4 ,the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine1 resting in its massive solidity upon the ancient rocks of ,morningside ,heights1 gives an idea of firmness and stability in contrast with the fleeting changes around it and symbolizes ,eternity as nearly as anything erected by the hands of man can4 ,it will stand for unmeasured time as an eloquent memorial of the best and noblest of human effort and will serve as a visible bond to bind together generations of high endeavor4 8,a cathedral10 said ,dean ,robbins in a sermon on ,december #ag1 #aiaf1 8is a symbol of continuity of life through the ages4 ,it is a reminder of the relatedness in which men stand not only to one another but also to those who have preceded them1 to all that is still memorable in a not quite vanished past40 ,and looking to the future he spoke of the meaning of the ,cathedral to coming generations when it should have become adorned with associations growing like ivy over walls made venerable by time4 8,perhaps they will be greater memories1 more glorious associations1 than our best hopes can now forecast4444 ,who can tell what the hidden1 wonderful1 all-possible future may have in store for our ,cathedral1 what hopes and purposes and sorrows and rejoicings will receive their consecration within its slowly aging walls80 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,choir1 ,,chapels ,,and ,,crossing1 ,,looking ,,southwest 7,choir ,school at left7 ,part ,two ,the ,fabric of the ,cathedral ,name and ,namesake ,the legal title of the ,cathedral is 8the ,cathedral ,church of ,saint ,john the ,divine in the ,city and ,diocese of ,new ,york40 ,the adjective 8cathedral10 commonly used as a noun1 is derived from the ,greek word 8cathedra0 which means 8seat40 ,in the ,cathedral is the cathedra of the ,bishop of the ,diocese of ,new ,york4 ,it is not a parish church and has no members in the sense in which a parish church has members2 but persons desiring to assist in cathedral work may join the auxiliary organizations mentioned on page #aae following4 ,the ,cathedral is the chief church of the ,diocese which embraces #bid different parishes and missions4 ,the ,cathedral is named after the author of the fourth ,gospel1 the three 8epistles general0 bearing the name of ,john1 and the book of 8,the ,revelation of ,st4 ,john the ,divine40 ,the word 8,divine0 in the title is not an adjective#b but is a noun in apposition with 8,st4 ,john0 and is rendered in the seal of the ,cathedral by the ,latin word 8theologus10 meaning 8theologian40 ,st4 ,john was one of the twelve ,apostles1 and a brother of ,st4 ,james the ,great4 ,he was 8the ,disciple whom ,jesus loved0 7,john xiii4 #bc71 an expression implying exceptional sweetness and lovableness of character4 ,he founded the seven churches in ,asia referred to in the ,book of ,revelation4 ,toward the end of his ministrations1 in which he suffered many persecutions1 he was banished to the ,isle of ,patmos1 where he wrote the ,book of ,revelation4 ,when he returned from this exile1 he continued his work until he died at the advanced age of over #ij years4 ,his traditional grave is at ,ephesus4 ,the two principal symbols of ,st4 ,john are the eagle with book1 7explained in connection with the symbols of the four ,evangelists on page #dd7 and the chalice1 the latter sometimes having a serpent issuing from it4 ,the sacramental cup without the serpent is sometimes interpreted to refer to ,christ's reply to ,james and ,john3 8,ye shall indeed drink of the cup that ,i drink of0 7,mark x4 #ci74 ,the cup with the serpent refers to the tradition related by ,st4 ,isidore to the effect that at ,rome an attempt was made to poison ,st4 ,john in the communion wine1 but that by a miracle the poison vanished from the chalice in the form of a serpent4 ,the ,memorial ,day for ,st4 ,john is kept on ,december #bg4 ,location and ,access ,the ,cathedral is located between ,cathedral parkway 7#aajth street17 ,amsterdam avenue1 #aacth street1 and ,morningside drive4 ,the ,cathedral can be reached by taking the ,broadway subway to #aajth street and walking one block east and two north2 the ,broadway surface line to #aabth street and walking one block east2 the ,amsterdam avenue surface line to the entrance at #aabth street2 the #fth and #ith avenue elevated line to #aajth street and walking two blocks west and two north2 or ,fifth avenue omnibuses marked route 8#d0 via #aajth street1 or 'buses transferring thereto4 ,morningside ,heights being #ajj feet above the level of the adjacent ,harlem ,plain1 the ,cathedral commands a sweeping prospect toward the northeast1 east1 and southeast1 over the roofs of the city and past the trees of ,central ,park to the regions beyond the ,harlem and ,east rivers2 while from the main entrance at ,amsterdam avenue and #aabth street1 one can look westward to the ,hudson and see the columned ,palisades on the ,new ,jersey shore beyond4 ,morningside ,heights is the modern name for the ground on which the battle of ,harlem ,heights was fought on ,september #af1 #aggf4 ,washington1 whose figure occupies a niche in the ,choir ,parapet 7page #ea7 and adorns the entrance to the ,synod ,house 7p4 #aad71 personally directed the troops in this engagement4 ,at that period an old colonial road ran through the ,cathedral site and down the ,heights of ,morningside ,park to the ancient ,king's ,highway or ,post ,road4 ,during the ,war of #ahab1 the ,cathedral grounds were immediately within the lines of defence erected in #ahad1 one of the blockhouses of which stood on the bluff on the eastern side of ,morningside drive just northeast of #aacth st4#c ,the ,cathedral grounds1--called the 8,close10 from the practice in olden times of securing the privacy of the cathedral precincts by enclosing them with a wall and gates1--comprise #aa acres4 ,upon them are situated1 besides the ,cathedral1 the ,old ,synod ,house 7brick with columned portico1 formerly the ,leake ,watts ,orphan ,asylum17 the ,bishop's ,house and ,deanery1 the ,choir ,school1 the ,new ,synod ,house1 and ,st4 ,faith's ,training ,school for ,deaconesses4 ,see plan and descriptions of buildings hereafter4 ,the ,close cost #hej1jjj and the buildings other than the ,cathedral about #a1jjj1jjj4 ,a portion of the ,close is set apart for recreation grounds for the boys of the choir2 and a portion of the lawn as a playground for small children4 ,administration and ,clergy ,the affairs of the ,cathedral are in the hands of a ,board of #be ,trustees which constitutes the ,corporation1 and is composed of the ,bishop of ,new ,york1 #ab other clergymen and #ab laymen4 ,the ,bishop is ,president of the ,board4 ,the ,clergy of the ,cathedral are the ,bishop1 ,dean1 ,canon ,bursar1 ,canon ,sacrist1 ,canon ,precentor1 and the ,honorary ,canons1 not to exceed seven in number4 ,the ,bishop is elected by the ,diocesan ,convention and the election must be confirmed by a majority of the ,bishops and ,dioceses of the ,episcopal ,church4 ,the ,dean and ,canons are nominated by the ,bishop and elected by the ,trustees4 ,the ,bishop1 besides his diocesan duties1 has general direction of the services of the ,cathedral1 which direction he expresses through the ,dean4 ,the use of the ,cathedral for worship and for charitable and benevolent work is entrusted to the ,dean and ,chapter4 ,the ,chapter consists of the ,dean1 the ,bursar1 the ,sacrist1 and such other ,canons as may be elected4 ,the ,dean is ,chairman of the ,cathedral ,chapter and the executive head of the ,cathedral1 leading and co-ordinating the various branches of its work4 ,the ,canon ,bursar is the agent of the ,treasurer of the ,corporation1 receives the offerings and sees that they are applied to their proper objects1 and is ,supervisor of ,buildings and ,grounds4 ,the ,canon ,sacrist has the care of the ,cathedral as a place of worship and is ,master of ,ceremonies on all occasions4 ,the ,canon ,precentor is responsible for the fitting performance of the musical parts of the ,cathedral services4 ,the offices of ,canon ,sacrist and ,canon ,precentor are vacant1 their duties being performed by the ,precentor4 ,the ,dean and ,canons may have ,vicars as assistants4 ,following is the ,cathedral ,staff3 ,bishop of ,new ,york ,the ,right ,rev4 ,william ,thomas ,manning1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,c4,l4 ,dean ,the ,very ,rev4 ,howard ,chandler ,robbins1 ,d4,d4 ,canon ,bursar ,the ,rev4 ,robert ,ellis ,jones1 ,d4,d4 ,precentor ,the ,rev4 ,henry ,purcell ,veazie1 ,m4,a4 7,oxon47 ,honorary ,canons ,the ,rev4 ,george ,francis ,nelson1 ,d4,d4 ,the ,rev4 ,george ,william ,douglas1 ,d4,d4 ,the ,rev4 ,george ,frederick ,clover1 ,m4,a4 ,the ,rev4 ,harold ,adye ,prichard1 ,m4,a4 ,the ,rev4 ,pascal ,harrower1 ,m4,a4 ,head ,master of the ,choir ,school ,william ,lester ,henry1 ,a4,b4 ,organist and ,master of the ,choristers ,miles ,farrow1 ,m4,a41 ,mus4 ,doc4 ,head ,verger ,thomas ,meatyard4 ,the post-office address of any of the above mentioned is 8,the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y40 ,the ,bishop's office is in the new ,synod ,house at the corner of ,amsterdam ,avenue and ,cathedral ,parkway4 ,the offices of the ,dean1 ,canon ,bursar1 etc41 are in the old ,synod ,house which stands on the site of the ,south ,transept4 7,see page #i74 ,seals of ,diocese and ,cathedral ,the seal of the ,diocese is in the form of a pointed oval1 or vesica1#d and is as follows3 ,quarterly gules and argent1 over all a cross counter-changed of the same4 ,in dexter chief the ,american eagle with wings displayed or2 in sinister chief and dexter base the sails of a windmill proper from the arms of the ,city of ,new ,york4 ,in sinister base two swords in saltire or from the arms of the see of ,london4 ,surmounted by an episcopal mitre proper4 ,the arms surmounted on a field purpure and enclosed by a bordure azure lined 7or edged7 or bearing the legend 8,seal of the ,diocese of ,new ,york ,,mdcclxxxv0 or4 ,the red color 7gules7 and the swords are historically reminiscent of the fact that prior to the ,independence of the ,united ,states the church throughout the ,american ,colonies was under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the ,diocese of ,london4 ,illustration3 ,diocesan ,seal ,illustration3 ,cathedral ,seal ,the seal of the ,cathedral1 also vesica-shaped1 is as follows3 ,tierce in pairle reversed4 #ast1 from the arms of the ,city of ,new ,york3 argent four sails of a windmill in saltire1 between the ends in chief and base a beaver couchant1 in fess dexter and sinister a barrel of flour all proper4 #b;d1 from the arms of the ,state of ,new ,york3 azure in a landscape the sun in fess rising in splendor or behind a range of three mountains the middle one the highest1 in base a ship and sloop under sail passing and about to meet on a river bordered below by a grassy shore fringed with shrubs all proper4 #c;d1 azure seven six-pointed stars argent between as many candlesticks or4 ,surmounted by an episcopal mitre proper4 ,enclosed by a bordure gules edged or bearing the legend 8,sigil4 ,eccles4 ,cath4 ,s4 ,johann4 ,theol4 ,n4 ,ebor40 or4 ,the seven stars and candlesticks refer to the ,revelation of ,st4 ,john the ,divine1 i4 #bj4 ,services ,the ,cathedral is open for private prayer and meditation every day of the year from #g4cj a4 m4 to #e4cj p4 m4 ,there is a service in one of the chapels every week-day at #g4cj a4 m4 ,the principal ,sunday services are at #h a4 m41 #aa a4 m4 and #d p4 m41 the latter two being with full choral service and sermon4 ,other services are held on week-days and ,sundays as announced from time to time4 ,as before stated1 all seats are free1 and residents and strangers of all denominations are cordially welcome4 ,the ,cathedral service is neither 8high0 nor 8low40 ,it is the prescribed liturgy of the ,church1 with a fully choral rendering and congregational participation4 ,except during the vacation season1 there are usually about #fj persons in the procession4 ,the processional hymn is begun in the ,ambulatory1 through the south gate of which the procession enters the ,crossing and goes to the ,choir4 ,first comes the crucifer1 followed in order by the boys of the choir1 the men of the choir1 the ,head ,master of the ,choir ,school1 the ,verger and the clergy in inverse order of their rank4 ,the ,bishop1 if present1 comes last1 and is immediately preceded by the ,verger and an acolyte bearing the ,bishop's pastoral staff4#e ,if the ,bishop is absent1 the ,dean comes last1 preceded by the ,verger4 ,if neither ,bishop nor ,dean is present1 the ,verger precedes all the clergy4 ,the ,verger 7in black gown with purple facings71 carries a silver staff surmounted by the figure of an angel holding a tablet on which is engraved the symbol of ,st4 ,john the ,divine1 the chalice with emerging serpent4 ,when preceding the ,bishop he carries his staff upright at his right shoulder1 but when going before the other clergy he carries it in the hollow of his left arm4 ,the organist and ,master of the ,choristers1 wearing the gown and hood of ,doctor of ,music1 is usually invisible1 being seated at the console in the gallery on the screen at the south side of the ,choir4 ,at extraordinary musical services1 an orchestra is seated in the ,choir1 between the stalls1 and then the ,master of the ,choristers stands in the ,choir1 from which point he directs the singers1 orchestra and assistant organist4 ,the recessional is in the same order as the processional4 ,after entering the ,ambulatory1 the procession halts while a dismissal prayer or hymn is said or sung there1 and the solemn service ends with a far-away 8,amen0 from the unseen choir4#f ,visitors ,visitors may see the ,cathedral at all times between #g4cj a4 m4 and #e4cj p4 m4 except during the hours of service4 ,the ,verger is usually in attendance4 ,architecture ,the architects of the ,cathedral have been3 ,messrs4 ,george ,l4 ,heins and ,c4 ,grant ,la,farge from ,july1 #ahia1 until ,mr4 ,heins' death in ,september1 #aijg2g ,mr4 ,la,farge from ,september1 #aijg1 until the completion of the ,choir in ,april1 #aiaa2 and ,messrs4 ,cram ,ferguson from ,april1 #aiaa1 to the present time4 ,mr4 ,henry ,vaughan was architect of three of the ,seven ,chapels of ,tongues1 ,messrs4 ,heins ,la,farge of two1 ,messrs4 ,cram ,ferguson of one and ,messrs4 ,carrere ,hastings of one1 as mentioned hereafter4 ,the prevailing style of the ,cathedral will be ,french ,gothic4 ,the north of ,france1 it will be remembered1 is the birthplace of ,gothic architecture4 ,there1 in the region so recently devastated by war1 ,gothic architecture rose and reached the flower of perfection in such monuments as ,amiens1 ,rheims1 ,notre ,dame 7,paris71 ,chartres1 ,beauvais1 and ,rouen ,cathedrals and many other churches1 great and small4 ,plan and ,size ,the plan of the ,cathedral is cruciform 7symbolism1 the cross on which ,christ was crucified27 and is oriented so that the priest standing at the ,high ,altar faces the east 7the rising sun symbolizing the resurrection1 and the orientation also connoting the ideas of ,christ 8the ,sun of ,righteousness10 8the ,dayspring from on ,high10 and the 8,morning ,star074#h ,seven chapels1 called the ,chapels of ,tongues1 radiate from the ,apse1 or semi-circular eastern end of the ,choir4 ,the loftiest features of the elevation are the two towers of the ,west ,front 7q4 v47 and the great ,central ,tower above the ,crossing4 ,the latter1 in the design now under consideration1 consists of a dodecagonal lantern1 carried up from the square ,crossing in two stages1 the upper smaller than the lower1 and surmounted by a flche or open-work spire rising to a height of #ejj feet 7including cross7 above the ground4 ,when completed1 the ,cathedral will extend from ,morningside drive to ,amsterdam avenue1 more than a tenth of a mile4 ,it will be #fja feet long and #cae feet wide across the ,transepts1 and1 with an area of #aji1jhb square feet1 will be the third largest in the world1 ,st4 ,peter's at ,rome being first and ,seville ,cathedral second4 ,the seating capacity of the ,crossing in which the congregation ordinarily sits is #a1ejj2 but on special occasions1 when chairs are placed in the ,ambulatory and people are admitted to the ,choir ,stalls1 the ,cathedral can accommodate about #c1ejj4 ,when the church is finished1 it will seat #g1jjj and will accommodate several thousand more standing4 ,progress of ,construction ,the ,founder of the ,cathedral was the ,right ,rev4 ,horatio ,potter1 7,provisional ,bishop #ahed-ahfa and ,bishop of ,new ,york #ahfa-ahhg71 who proposed it in #ahgb4 ,the charter was granted by the ,legislature of the state of ,new ,york in #ahgc4 ,the ,right ,rev4 ,henry ,codman ,potter1 7,assistant ,bishop #ahhc-ahhg and ,bishop of ,new ,york #ahhg-aijh71 nephew and successor of ,bishop ,horatio ,potter1 actively forwarded the movement for raising funds in #ahhf4 ,the ,close was purchased from the ,leake ,watts ,orphan ,asylum by deed dated ,october #ca1 #ahia4 ,the first service on the ground was held ,january #a1 #ahib4 ,the corner-stone was laid on ,st4 ,john's ,day1 ,december #bg1 #ahib4i ,the first service was held in the ,crypt ,january #h1 #ahii1 and the first service in the ,choir and ,crossing 7being the consecration service7 ,april #ai1 #aiaa4 ,ground was broken for the ,nave ,may #h1 #aiaf1 by the ,right ,rev4 ,david ,hummell ,greer1 7,bishop ,coadjutor #aijd-aijh and ,bishop of ,new ,york #aijh-aiai74 ,the parts thus far built are the ,crypt1 ,choir1 seven ,chapels of ,tongues1 ,crossing and foundation for the ,nave4 ,the ,mohegan golden granite for the walls of the ,nave is now being quarried near ,peekskill1 ,n4 ,y41 and is being delivered on the grounds4 ,some details of the ,choir and ,crossing are unfinished4 ,the completed portion of the ,cathedral has cost about #d1jjj1jjj1 and it is estimated that the ,nave1 ,west ,front1 ,transepts1 ,spire1 etc41 will cost about #ae1jjj1jjj1 making the total estimated cost about #ai1jjj1jjj4 ,funds for ,building ,visitors to the ,cathedral repeatedly ask when it will be finished4 ,it is impossible to answer this question definitely4 ,some of the cathedrals of the ,old ,world have been seven hundred years in building and are not yet completed4 ,the things which endure the longest are generally of slow growth1#aj and the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine is no exception to this rule4 ,it is not a steel-frame structure1 but is of massive masonry in the best traditions of ,gothic architecture and is being built to stand for ages4 ,its physical construction must therefore necessarily be slow4 ,it is to be remembered1 also1 that the financial resources for the building of a modern cathedral are different from those which supplied the means for building many of the ,old ,world churches4 ,westminster ,abbey was built almost entirely from revenues of the ,kings from ,henry ,,iii4 to ,henry ,,vii4 ,st4 ,paul's in ,london was partly built by the gifts of penitents who performed their penances in money4 ,occasionally an ancient shrine grew into a great church in consequence of some tradition or superstition which caused a continuous stream of illustrious persons to shower wealth1 privileges and honors upon it4 ,pope ,honorius prescribed collections in all ,christendom for the building of ,rheims ,cathedral4 ,the metropolitan church of ,st4 ,rombold's1 in ,malines1 ,belgium1 was built with money paid by pilgrims who flocked thither in the #adth and #aeth centuries to obtain indulgences issued by ,pope ,nicholas ,v42 and the ,tour de ,beurre 7butter tower7 of ,bourges ,cathedral1 like the tower of the same name at ,rouen1 8derives its name from having been erected with money paid for indulgences to eat butter in ,lent40 7,baedeker47 ,to-day1 however1 reliance is placed entirely upon voluntary contributions4 ,some of the larger gifts to the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine are mentioned hereafter1 but there have been many other large ones and innumerable smaller ones equally acceptable from donors irrespective of denominational affiliations who have caught the civic and patriotic as well as the religious inspiration of what is to be ,america's greatest cathedral4 ,in a general way1 it may be said that the ,cathedral will be finished as fast as funds are provided2--and no faster1 for the authorities have rigidly maintained the provision of the statute1 building only what can be paid for1 and worshippers are therefore not kneeling on any debt4 ,anyone desiring here to enshrine a loving memory or to embody the offering of a grateful heart may place a donation to the ,building ,fund in the alms-basin or in the box at the door1 or send it to the ,dean at the ,cathedral offices in the old ,synod ,house1 at ,amsterdam avenue and #aabth street1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,foundation and ,superstructure ,the foundation of the ,cathedral is of ,maine granite4 ,although the bed-rock of ,morningside ,heights 7,manhattan schist7 lies near the surface1 it is so disintegrated near the top that it was necessary to go down #gb feet in some places in order that the ,cathedral might rest securely on the 8living rock40 ,the excavation and foundation alone cost a quarter of a million dollars4 ,the main walls of the superstructure are also of granite1 faced on the outside of the finished portion with ,mohegan golden granite quarried near ,peekskill1 ,n4 ,y41 and on the inside with a soft buff-colored limestone or dolomite called ,frontenac stone from ,pepin county1 ,wis4 ,the great flying buttresses and massive piers of the ,crossing1 exposed in their rugged unfinished state1 exhibit the dark ,maine granite4 ,local materials are mentioned in their appropriate places4 ,exterior ,survey ,before entering the ,cathedral the visitor should make a circuit of the ,close 7beginning on the south side and going eastward71 comparing the outlines of the ,cathedral with the plan and noting the location of the other buildings4 ,this will give him a better understanding of the interior of the ,cathedral and of its ultimate connection with the ,bishop's ,house and the ,choir ,school by means of cloisters4 ,it will be noted that the ,old ,synod ,house 7brick1 with ,ionic-columned portico7 occupies the site of the ,south ,transept4 ,the ,seven ,chapels of ,tongues1 7see page #fi et seq417 may be identified on the exterior by the following characteristics 7south to north73 ,chapel of ,st4 ,james1 rectangular plan1 crenelated parapet of roof1 and pinnacles on buttresses4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,ambrose1 half round window arches4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,martin of ,tours1 fleurs de lis in quatrefoils above large windows2 narrow pointed arch windows with single lights in basement4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,saviour 7easternmost71 rectangular plan2 cross on gable2 statues in niches of buttresses and wall4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,columba1 angel on roof2 statues in niches of buttresses4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,boniface1 statues in niches of buttresses2 small mullioned windows of three lights in basement4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,ansgarius1 rectangular plan2 parapet of quatrefoil tracery2 pinnacles on buttresses4 ,three of the chapels have the following sculptures by ,mr4 ,gutzon ,borglum3 ,chapel of ,st4 ,saviour3 ,on eastern wall above the great window1 the ,christ ,child2 in niches of buttresses on either side of window1 ,angels of the ,resurrection2 and beneath the window1 the ,virgin1 seated between 7left7 ,st4 ,simeon who blessed the infant ,jesus 7,luke ii4 #be-ce7 and 7right7 ,st4 ,zacharias1 father of ,john the ,baptist 7,luke i4 #fg-hj74aa ,chapel of ,st4 ,columba3 ,on roof1 an angel with hands joined in prayer2 in upper part of great window1 ,st4 ,columba with tamed wolf1 recalling how he subdued wild beasts as well as wild tribes2 and in niches of buttresses the four patron saints of the ,british ,isles 7left to right73 ,st4 ,david of ,wales in beretta and fringed gown3 ,st4 ,george of ,england in armor with cross on shield and dragon at feet2 ,st4 ,andrew of ,scotland with diagonal cross#ab2 and ,st4 ,patrick of ,ireland1 in ,bishop's robes1 with crozier in right hand and shamrock in left4 ,chapel of ,st4 ,boniface3 ,in niches of buttresses1 ,charlemagne1 with crown and sword2 ,alcuin1 ,charlemagne's preceptor1 in monastic garb with manuscripts in right hand2 ,gutenberg1 with book in each hand1 his initials 8,j4,g40 on one2 and ,luther1 in scholar's gown1 with book between hands4 ,the ,clerestory of the ,choir rises above the roofs of the chapels4 ,in the canopied niches near the top of the turrets and buttresses are #aj stone figures #i feet high by ,mr4 ,borglum1 as follows 7south to north73 ,st4 ,james the ,less with fuller's club 7indicating manner of his martyrdom71 and ,st4 ,philip with ,latin cross 7symbol of his crucifixion71 together on turret2 ,st4 ,bartholomew#ac2 ,st4 ,thomas with square 7spiritual architect72 ,st4 ,james the ,great with staff 7pilgrim72 ,st4 ,peter with key 7to the kingdom of ,heaven72 ,st4 ,andrew with diagonal cross2 ,st4 ,matthew#ac with drapery over head2 and ,st4 ,simeon with saw1 and ,st4 ,jude with spear1 7indicating manner of their death71 together on turret4 ,fourteen ,stone ,shields 7only #ab in place71 in the spandrels of the clerestory windows above the seven ,chapels of ,tongues1 bear 7or will bear7 the following devices 7south to north37 ,above ,chapel of ,st4 ,james1 7left7 winged ox2 and 7right7 artist's palette1 brushes and maulsticks1 and lily1 symbolizing ,st4 ,luke4#ad ,above ,chapel of ,st4 ,ambrose 7left7 lily1 and 7right7 rose1 both symbols of the ,virgin ,mary4 ,above ,chapel of ,st4 ,martin of ,tours1 7left7 eagle1 and 7right7 chalice1 symbols of ,st4 ,john4 ,above ,chapel of ,st4 ,saviour1 7left7 letters 1 1 1 1 in four quarters formed by a ,greek cross1 signifying ,jesus ,christ ,conquers2 and 7right71 initials ,,sp1 ,,sf1 ,,ss1 of the ,latin words ,sanctus ,pater1 ,sanctus ,filius1 ,sanctus ,spiritus1 7,holy ,father1 ,holy ,son1 ,holy ,spirit17 in a trefoil1 symbolizing the ,trinity4#ae ,above ,chapel of ,st4 ,columba1 7left7 crossed keys1 symbol of ,st4 ,peter1 and 7right7 crossed swords1 symbol of ,st4 ,paul4 ,above ,chapel of ,st4 ,boniface1 7left7 winged lion2 and 7right7 fig tree1 both symbols of ,st4 ,mark4 ,above ,chapel of ,st4 ,ansgarius1 7left7 winged man and 7right7 axe and book1 both symbols of ,st4 ,matthew4 ,illustration3 #a4 ,jesus ,christ ,conquers4 #b4 ,holy ,father1 ,holy ,son1 ,holy ,spirit4 #c and #d4 ,saint ,luke4 ,surmounting the roof of the ,choir1 and facing eastward1 is a bronze statue1 #i feet high1 by ,mr4 ,borglum1 representing ,st4 ,gabriel as ,angel of the ,resurrection1 blowing a trumpet4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,west ,,front 7,from ,architect's ,drawing7 ,west ,front ,returning to ,amsterdam avenue at #aabth street1 we come to what will be the main entrance of the ,cathedral4 ,in the space 7now unoccupied7 between the sidewalk and the foundation of the ,nave will be the ,west ,front 7see figure #a of plan74 ,the tentative design for the ,west ,front provides for three large and two smaller recessed portals1 similar to the plan of ,bourges ,cathedral4 ,above the north and south portals rise two heavily buttressed square towers1 named after ,st4 ,peter 7north7 and ,st4 ,paul 7south71 presenting strong relief4 ,above the central portal is the great ,rose ,window1 flanked by the mullioned ,gothic windows of the towers4 ,above these1 a gallery of niches containing statues extends entirely across the faade1 after the manner of the ,gallery of ,kings at ,rheims ,cathedral4 ,above this rise the belfries of the two towers1 each surmounted by pointed turrets at the four corners1 while between them1 just above the gallery1 appears the gable of the ,nave4 ,the ,west front is #bbj feet wide and #hj feet deep1 including the buttressing4 ,the towers are #ej feet square1 #bce feet high to the top of the parapets and #bfe feet high to the top of the pinnacles4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,exterior ,,of ,,the ,,nave 7,composite ,photograph of ,model4 ,human figure shows scale7 ,the ,nave ,crossing the space to be occupied by the ,west ,front1 we ascend temporary steps to the foundation of the ,nave 7figure #b of plan74 ,superstructure not yet begun 7,june #aeth1 #aibd74 ,here the visitor should pause and imagine himself entering the western limb of the ,cathedral1 #bbe feet long1 #acb feet wide1 #age feet high outside and #acj feet high inside1 built in pure #acth century ,gothic adapted to the requirements of the plan4 ,the central aisle1#af--;as wide between the centers of piers as #aabth street is between building lines--has two narrower aisles on each side4 ,instead of the closely-grown-up forest effect produced by the columns of many ,gothic cathedrals1 an air of openness and spaciousness1 which distinguishes this ,cathedral throughout1 is given by the relatively small number of piers and columns and their ingenious disposition4 ,in this arrangement the architect has made two notable departures from the ordinary ,gothic type3 ,one is the erection of the clerestory on the secondary line of columns 7those nearest the side walls17 which modifies the exterior system of flying buttresses1 and the other is the introduction of intermediate slender columns in the primary line of piers1 resolving the ,nave into a system of four squares or double bays instead of eight rectangular bays4 ,as the primary ranges of piers and columns rise to the spring of the arches which support the roof of the ,nave1 instead of being shortened to support the clerestory1 an effect of great spaciousness and lofty aspiration is produced2 and this arrangement1 together with the rhythmic alternation of great piers and relatively small clustered columns1 allows a play of light and shade surpassing that of any mediaeval cathedral4 ,under the roofs of the north and south aisles runs the triforium gallery2 and there are many beautiful details of ornament1 including the tracery1 panelling1 capitals1 niches1 pinnacles and sculptures4 ,a light and cheerful effect is produced by the illumination through #cb stained glass windows--eight in the aisle and eight in the clerestory on each side1--and the great ,rose ,window in the west end4 ,while standing at the west end of the foundation1 the visitor should survey the great area of floor space that lies before him2 then1 looking eastward #bbe feet 7the length of a city block and half the width of a street7 imagine the present temporary west wall of the ,crossing removed1 and the view extended about #bbe feet farther to the ,high ,altar in the ,sanctuary4 ,he will then have an idea of the great vista of the completed church4 ,illustration3 ,,one ,,side ,,of ,,the ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,nave 7,composite ,photograph of ,model4 ,figures of choristers show scale7 ,speaking of the building of the ,cathedral in general and of the ,nave in particular1 in his address to the #achth ,annual ,convention of the ,diocese of ,new ,york on ,may #aa1 #aiba1 ,bishop ,manning said3 8,as to the practical value and importance of the ,cathedral1 no one who knows anything of its work or of the multitudes that gather here for worship can entertain a question4 ,large as it is1 the present space is insufficient4 ,the ,nave is urgently needed1 not only that the great ideal which the building embodies may be carried forward1 but that there may be room for the people who come for spiritual help1 and that the ,cathedral may meet its unequalled missionary opportunity4 ,i hope that our people1 and especially those who have the stewardship of wealth1 will keep this great spiritual and missionary enterprise in mind1 and that many may be moved to aid it4 ,the building waits only for the necessary funds4 ,and in the revised drawings1 we at last have plans which by their majesty and beauty worthily express the aim and ideal of this great structure 444 ,i believe that we have now a plan worthy of the unequalled opportunity of this glorious ,temple of ,god1 and of its relation to the greatest and most complex city in the world4 ,i believe that for the carrying forward towards completion of such a building as this1 of which the whole country may be proud1 and for the upholding of the spiritual1 social and civic ideals which it embodies1 not only the people of our own ,church but many others in this metropolis and elsewhere will be glad to make their gifts and to have their part and share with us40 ,the ,crossing ,walking the length of the ,nave foundation 7#b on plan7 we pass through temporary doorways and enter the ,crossing 7#c71 so-called from its location at the intersection of the long and short arms of the cruciform ground plan4 ,in this space1 #ajj feet square1 floored with concrete1 are #aejj chairs for the congregation4 ,to the eastward1 the ,crossing opens into the ,choir 7#aj7 and ,ambulatory 7#ab-ab74 ,on the north1 west and south sides the spaces between the ponderous piers of ,maine granite are filled with temporary windows and concrete walls which will be removed when the ,nave 7#b7 and the ,north and ,south ,transepts 7#d and #e7 are built4 ,the removal of these temporary walls will improve the acoustics4 ,the rough1 unadorned piers on the north1 west and south sides will eventually be faced with ,frontenac stone like those on the east side4 ,the massiveness of this masonry may be judged by the fact that a single pair of these piers with their connecting arch weighs #djjj tons4 ,the ,dome of the ,crossing1 #afb feet 7just the height of ,niagara ,falls7 above the floor1 is a remarkable piece of construction1 the tiles having been laid by the ingenious ,gustavino method without the support of scaffolding4 ,the present dome is temporary2 the permanent vault will be #bjj feet above the floor4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan1 ,mr4 ,george ,s4 ,bowdoin and ,mr4 ,harris ,c4 ,fahnestock were large contributors to the building of the ,crossing4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,nave ,,foundation ,,and ,,crossing ,the ,pulpit1 a memorial of ,bishop ,henry ,codman ,potter1 is made of ,knoxville1 ,tenn41 marble1 an uncrystalline limestone favorable for very fine work4 ,on the newel posts of the stairs are the figures of the two great prophets of the ,old and ,new ,testaments1 ,isaiah 7south7 and ,john the ,baptist 7north47 ,in the five principal ,gothic niches are as many scenes in the life of ,christ 7north to south73 ,the ,nativity1 ,jesus ,among the ,doctors1 the ,crucifixion1 the ,resurrection1 and the ,supper at ,emmaus 7,luke xxiv4 #cj-ca74 ,in the smaller niches are the figures of eight great exponents of the ,holy ,scriptures and champions of human freedom 7north to south72 ,st4 ,jerome1 ,st4 ,gregory1 ,st4 ,chrysostom1 ,st4 ,peter1 ,st4 ,paul1 ,hugh ,latimer1 ,bossuet1 and ,bishop ,phillips ,brooks of ,massachusetts4#ag ,beneath these niches runs a moulding of grape-vine design symbolizing ,christ the true vine#ah 7,john xv4 #a7 and beneath this one of roses symbolizing ,christ the ,rose of ,sharon 7,cant4 ii4 #a74 ,on the base are the symbols of the four ,evangelists3 ,the winged man for ,st4 ,matthew1 winged lion for ,st4 ,mark1 winged ox for ,st4 ,luke1 and eagle for ,st4 ,john4#ai ,the pulpit is surmounted by a carved oak canopy of ,gothic tracery1 upon which is the beginning of the ,gloria in ,excelsis3 8,glory be to ,god on high and on earth peace good will towards men4 ,we praise thee we bless thee1 we worship thee1 we glorify thee1 we give thanks to thee for thy great glory4 ,o ,lord ,god1 heavenly ,king40 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,pulpit ,on the side of the stairs is inscribed3 8,in ,memory of ,henry ,codman ,potter the gift of ,mrs4 ,russell ,sage ,a4,d4 #aiaf40 ,the pulpit1 which cost #cj1jjj1 was designed by ,mr4 ,henry ,vaughan and executed by ,messrs4 ,john ,evans ,co4 of ,boston4 ,illustration3 ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,barberini ,,tapestries ,barberini ,tapestries4 ,the tapestries in the ,crossing and ,ambulatory were woven in the first half of the #agth century on the papal looms founded by ,cardinal ,barberini under the patronage of his uncle ,pope ,urban ,,viii4 ,they were executed under the direction of the master weaver ,jacques della ,riviera from cartoons painted by ,jean ,francois ,romanelli4 ,the cartoons are now in the ,vatican4 ,the tapestries1 originally designed for the throne room of the ,barberini ,palace at ,rome1 afterward a part of the ,ffoulke ,collection in ,washington1 and finally presented to the ,cathedral by ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,u4 ,coles1 are twelve in number and represent scenes in the life of ,christ4 ,four of them hang in the ,crossing as follows3 ,in the northeast corner1 the ,delivery of the ,keys to ,st4 ,peter2 southeast corner1 the ,last ,supper2 southwest corner1 the ,adoration of the ,shepherds2 and northwest corner1 the ,flight of ,joseph and ,mary with the infant ,jesus into ,egypt4 ,seven hang in the ,ambulatory1 as follows 7north to south73 ,christ's ,baptism1 the ,annunciation1 the ,adoration of the ,magi1 the ,crucifixion 7directly behind and above the ,high ,altar17 the ,transfiguration1 the ,resurrection1 and the ,agony in the ,garden4 ,the twelfth1 a map of the ,holy ,land1 is not at present hung4 ,these works are all #ae feet #h inches high and average #ad feet #a inch wide4 ,the ,delivery of the ,keys to ,st4 ,peter1 the ,last ,supper1 and the ,flight into ,egypt are more than #ag feet wide4 ,these tapestries appear more like paintings than products of the loom4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,crossing ,,and ,,choir ,the ,litany ,desk at the eastern end of the middle aisle 7often removed7 is of carved oak4 ,surmounting the ends are two praying angels1 while on the front are statues of ,st4 ,michael with sword1 ,st4 ,john with chalice1 and ,st4 ,gabriel with lilies1 all facing the ,altar4 ,an inscription reads3 8,we beseech ,thee to hear us ,good ,lord ,grant us ,thy ,peace ,have ,mercy ,upon us40 ,the desk was given by the ,laymen's ,club4 ,the ,choir ,architecture4 ,the ,choir 7#aj7 may best be surveyed from the eastern end of the ,crossing4 7,visitors not admitted to ,choir during service time except by permission47 ,the half-round arches and other features exhibit a late ,romanesque style with ,byzantine influence1 which is not inappropriate to the eastern end of the ,cathedral1 and which will relatively become a local detail as the prevailing ,gothic style of the whole ,cathedral develops4#bj ,the interior facing is of ,frontenac stone4 ,numerous symbols from the ,revelation of ,st4 ,john the ,divine will appear as the description of the ,choir and its environs proceeds4 ,the first to attract attention is the broad course of red jasper from ,south ,dakota seen at the base of the piers of the great ,choir arch4 ,this foundation course1 which appears in the ,ambulatory 7#ab-ab-ab7 running entirely around the ,choir1 recalls ,st4 ,john's description of the ,heavenly ,city3 8,and the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with all manner of precious stones4 ,the first foundation was of jasper0 7,rev4 xxi4 #ai74 ,the green moulding above the jasper is ,pennsylvania serpentine4 ,the floor of the ,choir has three principal levels4 ,from the ,crossing #e steps lead to the ,choir proper1 which contains the stalls for the clergy and choristers and which occupies the first two bays4 ,an ascent of six more steps leads to the second level which may be designated as the ,presbytery4 ,upon it are the two thrones hereafter mentioned and the altar rail1 the latter a step higher4#ba ,in the ,sanctuary within the altar rail1 #d steps lead to the third level upon which stands the ,altar with its #c white steps4#bb ,around the ,sanctuary stand eight ,great ,columns described hereafter4 ,the principal donor to the building of the ,choir was the late ,hon4 ,levi ,parsons ,morton 7,vice-,president of the ,united ,states #ahhi-ic1 ,governor of the ,state of ,new ,york #ahie-if7 who1 after the ,great ,columns were erected1 gave #fjj1jjj toward the completion of the fabric and the installation of the ,altar1 ,reredos1 ,organ1 ,choir ,stalls1 ,bishop's ,throne1 and some other furnishings4 ,this sum was generously supplemented by ,mrs4 ,morton4 ,the ornate ,altar ,rail of ,english oak is inscribed3 8,to the ,glory of ,god and in loving memory of ,anna ,livingston ,morton ,may #ah1 #ahdf-;,august #ad1 #aiah ,given by her daughter ,edith ,morton ,eustis #aibj40 ,the ,parapet at the entrance to the ,choir is designed to represent outstanding characters of #bj centuries of the ,christian ,era4 ,it is in two sections1 one on each side of the steps leading from the ,crossing to the ,choir1 each section being #ah feet long and #d feet high4 ,it is built mainly of ,champville 7,france7 marble1 in modified ,french ,gothic style4 ,the twelve marble columns1 alternately green1 red and yellow1 are of ,alps ,green from ,italy1 ,rouge de ,rance from ,italy1 and ,numidian from ,africa1 respectively4 ,the figures1 from right to left1 are as follows 7authorities differing slightly as to some of the dates given73 7#a7 ,st4 ,paul 7died ,a4 ,d4 #ff7 with sword symbolizing his decapitation2 7#b7 ,st4 ,justin ,martyr 7#ajj-afe7 with axe and block2 7#c7 ,st4 ,clement of ,alexandria 7#aej-bbj7 holding cross in left hand2 7#d7 ,st4 ,athanasius 7#bif-cgc7 pouring baptismal water from a sea-shell1 referring to a playful incident of his boyhood which led to his calling2 7#e7 ,st4 ,augustine of ,hippo 7#ced-dcj7 with miter1 pen and tablet2 7#f7 ,st4 ,benedict 7#dhj-edc7 in habit of ,benedictine monk pointing to scroll2 7#g7 ,st4 ,gregory the ,great 7#eej-fjd7 with slave child in broken shackles1 referring to his intercession for pagan children in the slave market2 7#h7 ,charles ,martel 7#fhh-gda7 with crown1 battle-axe and pennant2 7#i7 ,charlemagne 7#gdb-had7 with crown1 scepter and orb2 7#aj7 ,alfred the ,great 7#hdi-ija7 crowned1 with sword by side1 holding three burnt cakes on book2#bc 7#aa7 ,godfrey of ,bouillon 7#ajfa-aajj7 crowned1 with ,crusader's sword and shield2 7#ab7 ,st4 ,bernard 7#ajia-aaec7 in monk's habit1 holding aloft a cross in his right hand and clasping a book in his left2 7#ac7 ,st4 ,francis of ,assisi 7#aahb-abbf7 in ,franciscan monk's garb1 contemplating a cross in left hand1 and preaching to birds#bd in tree2 7#ad7 ,john ,wyckliffe 7#acbe-achd7 with book and staff2 7#ae7 ,columbus 7#adce-aejf7 lifting the veil from the globe1 symbolizing the age of discovery2 7#af7 ,archbishop ,cranmer 7#adhi-aeef7 with right hand thrust voluntarily into the flame1 symbolizing his martyrdom2 7#ag7 ,shakespeare 7#aefd-afaf7 standing amidst growing laurels2 7#ah7 ,washington 7#agcb-agii7 in civilian attire as ,president2 7#ai7 ,lincoln 7#ahji-ahfe7 standing by a burial cross delivering his ,gettysburg ,address2 7#bj7 uncarved block4 ,the basis for selecting the figures was the representative character of the nineteen men selected in conjunction with their contribution to the development of ,christian civilization4 ,the ,parapet was designed by ,messrs4 ,cram ,ferguson1 and the figures1 modelled by ,ferrari1 were carved by ,john ,evans ,co41 of ,boston4 ,the ,parapet bears the following inscription3 8,to the ,glory of ,god and in ,memory of ,richard ,delafield1 ,brigadier-,general1 ,chief of ,engineers1 ,brevet ,major-,general1 ,united ,states ,army4 ,born ,september #a1 #agih1 ,died ,november #e1 #ahgc1 ,this ,parapet is ,erected by his ,children1 ,albert1 ,juliet ,covington and ,emma ,delafield4 ,righteousness ,exalteth a ,nation3 ,but ,sin is a ,reproach to any ,people40 ,the ,pavements of the ,ambulatory and ,choir1 designed by ,mr4 ,c4 ,grant ,la,farge in ,romanesque and ,byzantine motives1 are related in their symbolism4 ,the colors in the ,ambulatory are reddish1 or earthy2 while those in the three ascents of the ,choir progress through increasingly rich designs of greens and whites 7hope and purity7 to greens1 whites and blues 7hope1 purity and heaven7 until they reach the pure white steps of the ,altar4 ,the risers of the steps leading from the ,crossing to the ,choir proper are of yellow ,numidian marble and the treads of green ,pennsylvania marble4 ,the pavement of the ,choir is richly inlaid with ,numidian1 ,swiss and other marbles and ,grueby ,faience tiles4 ,the steps to the ,presbytery are of marble from ,hauteville1 ,france4 ,in the center of the floor of the ,presbytery is a magnificent mosaic rug of tiles and marbles1 #cb feet long and #aj feet wide1 with smaller patterns at the ends4 ,in the center is an oval of black ,belgian marble surrounded by violet marble from ,italy1 while ,grueby tiles of many colors1 and ,grecian1 red ,numidian and other marbles form the rest of the design4 ,the pavement of the ,sanctuary1 within the communion rail1 in addition to its rich designs of tiles and marbles1 contains1 immediately in front of the steps to the ,altar1 a red tile surrounded by a square brass border1 inscribed3 8,whoever shall have prayed at this spot will have pressed with his feet a tile from the ancient ,church of ,st4 ,john the ,divine at ,ephesus1 built by the ,emperor ,justinian in the year ,,dxl over the traditional site of ,st4 ,john's grave40 ,the tile was presented to the ,cathedral by ,bishop ,kinsman of ,delaware1 its authenticity being attested by ,prof4 ,george ,weber of ,smyrna1 who procured it from the ruins on the hill of ,ayassolouk and who1 in his lifetime1 was a leading authority on ,ephesian archaeology4 ,the ,eagle ,lectern of bronze at the north side of the ,choir steps is a replica of an ancient lectern found near ,st4 ,albans ,cathedral1 ,england1 in a lake into which it had been cast when that structure was destroyed in the ,saxon invasion4 ,the eagle1 standing on a globe1 is the symbol of ,st4 ,john in his capacity as an ,evangelist4 ,around the lectern are the figures of the four ,evangelists3 ,st4 ,matthew with open book1 ,st4 ,mark with closed book and pen1 ,st4 ,luke with open book in one hand and pen in other1 and ,st4 ,john with chalice4 ,below are their respective symbols 7p4 #dd74 ,the lectern was made by the ,gorham ,co4 ,it bears the following inscription1 the initials at the end being those of the donor1 ,mary ,gertrude ,edson ,aldrich3 8,in ,memoriam ,horatio ,potter ,bishop of ,new ,york #ahed-ahhg ,m4 ,g4 ,e4 ,a40 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,bishop',s ,,throne1 ,,choir ,,stalls ,,and ,,dean',s ,,stall ,the ,choir ,stalls1 rising in four tiers on either side of the ,choir proper1 are of carved ,american oak4 ,the canopies are after studies of those in the ,chapel of ,henry ,,vii in ,westminster ,abbey used as the ,chapel of the ,knights of the ,order of the ,bath4 ,the finials of the stalls are figures of great musicians and composers of church music1 as follows3 ,east4 ,left4 ,right4 ,bortniansky ,mendelssohn ,handel ,haydn ,bach ,purcell ,tallis ,palestrina ,pope ,gregory ,st4 ,cecelia ,asaph ,king ,david ,west4 ,the figures1 modeled by ,mr4 ,otto ,jahnsen1 are represented in the costumes of their day2 and the features of all but those of ,david and his chief musician ,asaph are from portraits4 ,the high canopied stall nearest the ,crossing on the south side of the ,choir is the ,dean's ,stall4#be ,it was designed in the office of ,messrs4 ,cram ,ferguson and is a very skillful blending of styles to harmonize with the ,jacobean canopies of the ,choir ,stalls and the ,flamboyant note in the stalls themselves4 ,it has many interesting details of carving1 notably the three panels depicting the ,good ,shepherd 7front71 ,learning 7east side71 and ,charity 7west side74 ,on the back of the stall is inscribed3 8,in the ,name of the ,father ,son ,holy ,ghost ,this ,stall is ,dedicated by ,the ,head ,mistresses ,association to the ,memory of ,agnes ,irwin #ahda-aiad ,holding fast the faithful word as she had been taught herself being not dis- obedient unto the heavenly vision ,head ,mistress of the ,agnes ,irwin ,school #ahfg-ahid ,first ,dean of ,radcliffe ,college #ahid-aiji ,first ,president of the ,head ,mistresses ,association #aiaa-aiad40 ,in the ,presbytery1 on the south side1 is the lofty ,bishop's ,throne of carved oak1 while opposite to it is one with a little lower canopy for the use of a bishop other than the ,diocesan4 ,on one of the ,choir ,stalls is inscribed3 8,these ,stalls are ,erected to the ,glory of ,god and in ,loving ,memory of ,susan ,watts ,street #ahah-ahic ,by her ,daughter ,anna ,l4 ,morton40 ,on a tablet in the ,choir is inscribed3 8,the ,stalls of the ,sanctuary and the ,choir are ,erected to the ,glory of ,god and in ,memory of ,susan ,watts ,street #ahah-ahic ,by her ,daughter ,anna ,livingston ,morton40 ,the stalls and the cathedra of the ,diocesan were made by the ,john ,barber ,co41 of ,philadelphia1 and the corresponding ,bishop's throne on the north side by ,messrs4 ,irving ,casson1 of ,boston4 ,the ,organ1 seen in the upper arches on either side of the ,choir1 contains #g1jjj pipes and a chime1 connected by electric wires with the console located in the gallery on the south choir screen4 ,the console has four manuals and two octaves of pedals1 #ajf speaking stops1 #ca couplers1 and #cc pistons4 ,the organist1 invisible to the congregation1 can see the choir and clergy either directly or by means of mirrors4 ,a ,gothic tablet in the south ,ambulatory is inscribed3 8,this ,organ is ,dedicated to the ,praise of the ,blessed ,trinity and in ,loving ,memory of ,lena ,kearny ,morton #ahge-aijd ,by her ,parents ,levi ,parsons ,morton and ,anna ,livingston ,morton40 ,the organ was built by the ,ernest ,m4 ,skinner ,co41 of ,boston4 7,see also ,choir ,school1 page #ajf74 ,the ,cathedral ,flag which hangs above the choir stalls on the north side of the ,choir opposite the ,american flag1 bears upon a purple field a white ,latin cross1 on the crossing of which is a shield displaying the arms of the ,cathedral4 ,the shield is divided by radial lines into three parts3 ,in the upper left-hand part 7as viewed7 are the arms of the city of ,new ,york1 in the upper right-hand part the arms of the state2 and at the bottom the seven candlesticks and seven stars of the ,book of ,revelation 7ii4 #a7 symbolizing the seven churches and seven spirits of the churches founded by ,st4 ,john the ,divine in ,asia ,minor4 ,the ,cathedral flag and the ,american flag were given by ,mrs4 ,j4 ,herman ,aldrich4 ,the ,american flag which is sometimes carried in the procession and which was first used in the victory celebration in #aiah1 was given by ,mrs4 ,william ,iselin4 7,see page #f74 ,the ,high ,altar is of white ,vermont marble4 ,the beautiful ,gothic ,reredos is of pierre de ,lens1 quarried in the vicinity of the city of that name in the north of ,france which was so terribly ravaged in the late war4 ,in the center is a majestic figure of ,christ4 ,on ,his left1 7in order from center to spectator's right7 are ,isaiah1 ,jeremiah1 ,ezekiel and ,moses1 representing the ,old ,testament2 and on ,his right 7in order from center to spectator's left7 are ,st4 ,john1 ,st4 ,james1 ,st4 ,peter and ,john the ,baptist1 representing the ,new ,testament4 ,the scale of the ,cathedral may be judged from the size of the figure of our ,saviour1 which is seven feet high4 ,those of ,moses and ,john the ,baptist are #f feet #aj inches high4 ,in smaller niches on the front and sides are #af angels holding various emblems--palm1 sword1 shield1 swinging lamp1 crown1 trumpet1 etc4 ,under the pedestals of the statues are clusters of grapes1 symbolizing ,him who gave ,his body and blood for man4 ,the statue of ,christ was made by ,sig4 ,leo ,lentelli under the direction of ,mr4 ,carl ,bitter4 ,the other figures were made by ,mr4 ,otto ,jahnsen4 ,the great rectangular panel in the lower part of the ,reredos is filled with a rare ,spanish embroidery in arabesque design1 #bjj years old4 ,the ,altar and ,reredos were built by the ,barr1 ,thaw ,fraser ,co4 ,upon the ,altar is the following inscription3 8,to the ,glory of ,god and in ,memory of ,anna ,livingston ,morton #ahdf-aiah40 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,high ,,altar ,the ,credence ,table1 at the right 7south7 side of the ,high ,altar1 is supported by a shaft composed of three stones from the ruins of the ancient ,abbey of ,bury ,st4 ,edmunds1 ,england1 in which the ,barons met on ,november #bj1 #abad1 and swore before the altar to secure from ,king ,john the liberties which they embodied in ,magna ,charta4 ,these relics are of ,caen stone1 and may be recognized by their gray color4 ,they were given to the ,cathedral in #aibb1 with the consent of the ,abbey authorities1 by the ,marquis of ,bristol through ,dr4 ,raphael ,constantian of ,new ,york4 ,near the shaft is the following inscription3 8,the ,adjoining ,shaft ,was ,once a ,part of the ,high ,altar of the ,abbey of ,bury ,st4 ,edmunds ,upon ,which on ,november #bj1 #abad1 the ,barons ,swore ,fealty to ,each ,other in ,wresting the ,great ,charter from ,king ,john4 ,it is ,placed ,here as a ,symbol of the ,community of ,political ,tradition1 ,laws and ,liberties1 ,which is the ,inheritance of the ,english ,speaking ,commonwealths ,throughout the ,world40 ,illustration3 ,credence ,table with ,shaft made of ,magna ,charta ,stones ,the ,eight ,great ,columns standing in a semicircle around the ,sanctuary and forming seven interspaces opposite the seven ,chapels of ,tongues1 are among the marvels of the ,cathedral4 ,they are approached in size only by those in ,st4 ,isaac's ,cathedral1 ,petrograd4 ,the shafts of light gray granite from ,bear ,island1 near ,vinal ,haven on the coast of ,maine1 were quarried as monoliths and turned on a special lathe which cost #ej1jjj4 ,when the first two were subjected to the pressure of polishing they broke1 and the contractor then obtained permission to make the shafts in two pieces4 ,the lower stone in each shaft is #ch feet high and weighs #ij tons1 and the upper stone is #ag feet high and weighs #dj tons1 the total height between base and capital being #ee feet and the weight #acj tons4 ,the octagonal capitals of pierre de ,lens by ,mr4 ,post represent singing angels4 ,the columns were given as memorials of the men whose names are carved on the bases seen in the ,ambulatory 7south to north37 8,alonzo ,potter1#bf ,bishop of ,pennsylvania1 #ahjj-ahfe20 8,colonel ,richard ,tylden ,auchmuty1 ,u4 ,s4 ,v41 #ahca-ahic20 8,harry ,manigault ,morris1 #ahag-ahib20 8,eugene ,augustus ,hoffman1 #ahbi-aijb20 8,john ,jacob ,astor1 #agfc-ahdh20 8,john ,divine ,jones1 #ahad-ahie20 8,josiah ,mason ,fiske1 #ahbc-ahib20 and 8,joseph ,lawrence1 #aghh-ahgb40 ,each column cost #be1jjj1 not including the expense of erection4 ,they were made by ,mr4 ,john ,pierce of ,vinal ,haven1 ,me4 ,the ,clerestory ,windows of the ,choir1 nine in number1 of which seven are above the entrances to the seven ,chapels of ,tongues1 are designed to depict the ,book of ,revelation of ,st4 ,john the ,divine4 ,seven of them are in place4 ,they are of painted mosaic glass made by ,messrs4 ,james ,powell ,sons of ,whitefriars1 ,london1 according to the methods used in the thirteenth century and cost #aj1jjj and upwards apiece4 ,each window is of three lights with rose window at the top1 and is #bh feet high and #ag feet wide4 ,the seven windows above the entrances to the ,seven ,chapels of ,tongues 7north to south7 are designed to symbolize in their circular lights the messages to the seven churches in ,asia mentioned in the ,book of ,revelation 7i4 #aa71 in the order there named3 ,ephesus1 ,smyrna1 ,pergamos1 ,thyatira1 ,sardis1 ,philadelphia and ,laodicea4 ,they are connected by the inscriptions in their lower borders which read consecutively as follows3 8,grace be unto you and ,peace from ,him ,which is and ,which was and ,which is to come ,from the ,seven ,spirits which are before ,his throne ,jesus ,christ the ,faithful ,witness ,the ,first ,begotten of the ,dead ,the ,prince of the ,kings of the ,earth4 ,to ,him be ,glory and ,dominion for ever and ever0 7,rev4 i4 #d-f74 ,these windows1 which are of surpassing charm to the unaided eye1 flash out with extraordinary brilliancy of color and affecting beauty of composition and execution1 particularly those called 8,christ ,reigning in ,glory0 and 8the ,woman in the ,sun10 when examined with long distance glasses 7apply to ,verger71 although the less brilliant windows contain subtle details well worth studying1 as1 for instance1 the symbolisms of the elements held by the angels in the window above the ,chapel of ,st4 ,boniface4 ,individually1 from north to south3 ,st4 ,john and the ,seven ,churches are the subject of the window above the ,chapel of ,st4 ,ansgarius4 ,in the upper part of the central light1 ,st4 ,john between two praying angels is depicted in the character of ,apostle1 beardless1 and holding the sacramental cup--the young ,st4 ,john1 symbolical of love and high ideals and the feeling which filled all his writings2 while in the lower part he appears as the aged exile on the ,isle of ,patmos1 sitting with book in lap and pen in hand1 listening to the angel behind him who commands him to write 7,rev4 i4 #aa74 ,in the side lights are the angels of the seven churches 7i4 #aa71 bearing on scrolls their names3 7,upper left7 ,ephesus2 7lower left7 ,smyrna and ,pergamos2 7upper right7 ,thyatira and ,sardis2 7lower right7 ,philadelphia and ,laodicea4 ,in the circular light at the top are the name 8,ephesus0 and a shield bearing the seven candles mentioned in the message to the church of ,ephesus 7ii4 #a74 ,in the lower border of the three lights runs the inscription3 8,grace be unto you and ,peace from ,him40 ,the window was given by ,mrs4 ,e4 ,c4 ,ludlow ,johnson in memory of ,gabriel ,ludlow4 ,the ,natural ,elements upon which the vials of the wrath of ,god were poured 7,rev4 xvi4 #b-ag7 are the principal subject of the window above the ,chapel of ,st4 ,boniface4 ,in the lower part of the left side light is an angel holding between his hands the earth 7green foliage72 in the middle light three angels respectively holding the air 7invisible71 the sun 7yellow glow71 and the sea 7green waves72 and in the right side light an angel holding the rivers and fountains 7blue currents74 ,in the upper part of the middle light is the ,lamb that was slain 7v4 #ab7 between the four beasts 7iv4 #g7 which are in the side lights--on the left1 the lion and the beast with the face of a man2 and on the right1 the ox and the eagle4#bg ,in the circular light at the top are the word 8,smyrna0 and a shield bearing the crown of life mentioned in the message to the church in ,smyrna 7ii4 #aj74 ,in the bottom border is the inscription3 8,which is and ,which was and ,which is to come40 ,a tablet in the ,ambulatory reads as follows3 8,the ,clerestory ,window ,above the ,chapel of ,saint ,boniface is ,dedicated to the ,glory of ,god and in ,loving ,memory of ,annie ,allen ,wallace ,february #ad1 #ahec-;,august #be1 #ahij40bh ,the ,seven ,angels with ,trumpets 7,rev4 viii4 #b7 are the main subject of the window above the ,chapel of ,st4 ,columba4 ,three of them are in the lower part of the middle light and two in each of the side lights4 ,in the upper part of the middle light is the mighty angel of the cloud1 overarched by the rainbow1 standing upon the sea1 and holding aloft in his left hand the little open book 7x4 #a1 #b74 ,in the upper part of the left side light is the angel with the seal of the living ,god 7vii4 #b7 and in the right side light the angel with the golden censer 7viii4 #c74 ,in the middle of the side lights are four angels 7two left and two right7 blowing the four winds of the earth 7vii4 #a74 ,in the circular light at the top are the name 8,pergamos0 and a shield bearing the sharp two-edged sword of ,him who sent the message to the church in ,pergamos 7ii4 #ab7 between the ,greek letters and 7,jesus ,christ47#bi ,in the bottom border are the words3 8,from the seven ,spirits which are before ,his throne40 ,a tablet in the ,ambulatory reads as follows3 8,the ,clerestory ,window ,above the ,chapel of ,saint ,columba is ,erected to the ,glory of ,god and in ,loving ,memory of #agig ,john ,williams ,leeds #ahgc #ahjj ,eliza ,leeds #ahhe ,emily ,irene ,hardenbergh #ahii ,by ,their ,daughter and ,sister ,josephine ,eliza ,leeds ,a4 ,d4 #aiae40 ,christ ,reigning in ,glory1 as described in the first chapter of the ,book of ,revelation1 is the principal subject of the great central window above the ,chapel of ,st4 ,saviour4 ,in the central light is the ,son of ,man1 with up-raised hands1 vested as ,king and ,priest1 wearing a royal crown1 a crimson mantle and a golden pallium4 ,he stands in the midst of the seven candlesticks 7i4 #ac71 holds in his right hand the seven stars 7i4 #af1 #bj71 and is surrounded by winged seraphim4 ,beneath him a rainbow 7iv4 #c7 over-arches the sea of glass 7iv4 #f74 ,in the side lights are the four principal archangels3 ,st4 ,michael 7left1 above17 is depicted in armor as the ,prince of the ,celestial ,armies1 while the balance in his left hand1 supposed to contain the souls of the dead1 symbolizes his character as ,guardian ,angel of ,departed ,spirits4 ,st4 ,raphael1 below him1 with pilgrim's staff1 is represented as the friendly traveller1 recalling ,milton's 8affable archangel40 ,st4 ,gabriel 7right1 above17 appears as ,angel of the ,annunciation1 as indicated by the lilies 7symbol of purity7 in his right hand2 and below him is ,st4 ,uriel1 as ,angel of ,light1 holding the sun4#cj ,in the circular window at the top are two angels holding the morning star mentioned in the message to the church in ,thyatira 7ii4 #bh71 but the name 8,thyatira0 is lacking4 ,in the border at the bottom of the three lights are the words3 8,jesus ,christ the ,faithful ,witness40 ,the window was given by ,mrs4 ,whitelaw ,reid4 ,a tablet in the ,ambulatory reads3 8,the ,east ,window is ,erected in ,memory of ,whitelaw ,reid ,october #bg1 #ahcg-;,december #ae1 #aiab40 ,the ,seven ,last ,plagues 7,rev4 xv4 #a7 are the principal subject of the window above the entrance to the ,chapel of ,st4 ,martin of ,tours4 ,these are represented in the lower part of the window by seven angels holding the seven vials containing the plagues1 three in the central light and two in each of the side lights4 ,in the upper part of the middle light is an angel holding aloft in his right hand the everlasting ,gospel 7xiv4 #f7 in the form of a scroll bearing 7obscurely7 the symbols of the four ,evangelists4 ,in the upper part of the left side light is the angel with the measuring rod 7xi4 #a71 and in the right side light is the angel standing in the sun 7not to be confused with the woman in the sun mentioned in the next window17 calling the fowls of the air to the supper of the great ,god 7xix4 #ag74 ,in the circular light at the top are the name 8,sardis0 and a shield bearing a white dove in the midst of the seven stars 7the seven ,spirits of ,god17 mentioned in the message to the church in ,sardis 7iii4 #a74 ,in the border at the bottom of the three lights are the words3 8,the ,first ,begotten of the ,dead40 ,a tablet in the ,ambulatory reads3 8,the ,clerestory ,window ,above the ,chapel of ,st4 ,martin of ,tours is ,erected to the ,glory of ,god and in ,loving ,memory of ,sophia ,r4 ,c4 ,furniss and ,mary ,b4 ,hubber by ,margaret ,e4 ,zimmerman nee ,furniss ,blessed are the peace-makers for they shall be called the children of ,god40 ,the ,woman in the ,sun is the title of the window above the entrance to the ,chapel of ,st4 ,ambrose4 ,in the central light is the woman clothed with the sun and wearing the crown of twelve stars 7,rev4 xii4 #a74 ,she is surrounded by a dazzling radiance of flaming rays4 ,above her1 a cloud of glory is carrying her ,child up to the throne of ,god 7xii4 #e74 ,in the left side light1 above1 is the angel proclaiming the fall of ,babylon 7xiv4 #h71 and below1 symbolizing that wicked city1 the woman in scarlet holding the golden cup of abominations and seated on the beast from the bottomless pit 7xvii4 #d1 #ah74 ,in the right side light1 above1 is the angel with the sharp sickle and the clusters of the vine 7xiv4 #ah71 and below1 the angel with the keys to the bottomless pit and the chain to bind the dragon 7xx4 #a74 ,the whole window symbolizes the triumph of ,christ over the forces of evil4 ,in the circular light at the top are the name 8,philadelphia0 and a shield upon which1 between six ,d's1 is the key of ,david mentioned in the message to the church in ,philadelphia 7iii4 #g74 ,in the border at the bottom are the words3 8,the ,prince of the ,kings of the ,earth40 ,a tablet in the ,ambulatory is inscribed3 8,the ,clerestory ,window ,above the ,chapel of ,saint ,ambrose is ,erected to the ,glory of ,god and in ,loving ,memory of ,morgan ,lewis ,livingston #ahjj-ahfi and ,catharine ,manning ,livingston #ahaj-ahhf ,by ,their ,daughter ,julia ,livingston #aiaf40 ,the ,heavenly ,city is the principal subject of the window above the entrance to the ,chapel of ,st4 ,james4 ,in the lower part of the middle light is the angel showing to ,st4 ,john the ,heavenly ,city 7,rev4 xxi4 #aj et seq47 and in the upper part is a glorified figure symbolizing the holy city1 new ,jerusalem1 coming down from ,god out of heaven prepared as a bride adorned for her husband 7xxi4 #b74 ,beneath this figure in the upper part is the pure river of water of life1 and on either side of it is the tree of life whose leaves are for the healing of the nations 7xxii4 #a-b74 ,in the lower part of the left-hand light is the angel with the ,alpha1 and in the corresponding part of the right-hand light is the angel with the ,omega 7xxii4 #ac72 while above each of them is a beckoning angel saying 8,come0 7xxii4 #ag74 ,in the circular light at the top are the name of the church of ,laodicea and the word 8,amen0--the latter being the name of the sender of the message to the ,laodiceans 7iii4 #ad7 and the word with which the ,book of ,revelation and the ,bible end 7xxii4 #ba74 ,in the bottom border of the three lights is the inscription3 8,to ,him be ,glory and ,dominion for ,ever and ,ever40 ,the window was given in memory of ,mary ,c4 and ,dr4 ,john ,d4 ,ogden by their children ,francis ,l4 ,ogden1 ,margaret ,ogden1 ,mrs4 ,gardiner ,sherman and ,mrs4 ,francis ,c4 ,mc,nutt4 ,the ,ambulatory ,the ,ambulatory 7#ab-ab-ab7 is a passage about #bj feet wide leading entirely around the ,choir and giving access to the seven ,chapels of ,tongues1 the ,sacristy1 and other environments of the ,choir4 ,some of the features have already been described4 ,the symbolism of the earthly life in the pavement1 before mentioned 7p4 #ea71 is noticeable in the large areas of clay-red tiles with borders of grassy green serpentine and green marble from ,pennsylvania4 ,the beautifully colored wainscoting between the great pillars is of ,grecian marble from the island of ,scyrus4 ,the ,ambulatory is entered through elaborately wrought steel gateways1 #cj feet high1 in the archways on either side of the great arch of the ,choir4 ,the gates1 made by ,messrs4 ,warren ,wetmore1 were presented by the ,cathedral ,league and the ,diocesan ,auxiliary4 ,in the south ,ambulatory gateway is a white marble tablet1 showing in relief two angels and two portrait medallions of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,levi ,p4 ,morton1 and bearing the following inscription3 8,to the ,glory of ,god and in ,enduring ,memory of ,levi ,parsons ,morton #ahbd-aibj ,vice-,president of the ,united ,states ,governor of the ,state of ,new ,york and of ,his ,wife ,anna ,livingston ,morton #ahdf-aiah ,whose ,gifts ,made ,possible the ,building and the ,furnishing of the ,choir of this ,cathedral ,yea saith the ,spirit that ,they ,may ,rest from ,their ,labours and ,their ,works do ,follow ,them40 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,founder',s ,,tomb ,the ,founder's ,tomb1 containing the remains of ,bishop ,horatio ,potter1 sixth ,bishop of ,new ,york1#ca in the ,ambulatory between the fourth and fifth great pillars opposite the entrance to ,st4 ,saviour's ,chapel1 is a beautiful example of an 8altar tomb0 such as are seen in many ,english churches4 ,its position1 immediately behind the ,high ,altar1 is that traditionally reserved for the ,founder of a cathedral4 ,it is designed in the ,english ,gothic style of the #aeth century after studies of the tomb of ,edward the ,confessor in ,westminster ,abbey4 ,the sarcophagus1 the recumbent figure of the ,bishop and the figures of the five ornamental niches of the front are of ,indiana limestone4 ,the figures1 from left to right1 are those of 7#a7 ,edward the ,confessor1 with crown1 scepter and orb2 7#b7 ,st4 ,remigius1 with cup and scourge2 7#c7 ,st4 ,john the ,divine1 with pen1 book and eagle2 7#d7 ,st4 ,isidore1 with miter1 pallium and crozier2 and 7#e7 ,st4 ,theodosius of the ,eastern ,church1 wearing a coronet with cross1 holding a staff and reading from a scroll4 ,above the niches is a decorative moulding of oak leaves and acorns#cb with little squirrels at the ends4 ,on the edge of the slab on which the ,bishop's figure rests is inscribed3 8,horatio ,potter1 ,d4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,oxon4 ,sixth ,bishop of ,new ,york1 ,founder of this ,cathedral4 ,died #b;d ,jany4 #ahhg1 ,aged #he ,yrs40 ,on the rear of the sarcophagus is inscribed 8,st4 ,john's ,day ,anno ,domini #aiba10 the day on which the ,bishop's remains were transferred from ,poughkeepsie to this tomb4 ,above the tomb1 reaching to a height of #ae feet above the pavement1 is a canopy of ,american oak with richly carved frieze and cresting1 supported on corbels springing from the great granite columns on either side4 ,a narrow stairway behind the columns and the tomb leads to a landing which permits a closer view of the figure of ,bishop ,potter4 ,the architect was ,mr4 ,thomas ,nash of ,new ,york and the sculptor of the figures was ,mr4 ,isidore ,konti of ,yonkers1 ,n4 ,y4 ,the ,brownell ,memorial ,tablet on the wall of the bay at the entrance to the ,chapel of ,st4 ,ansgarius reads as follows3 8,in ,memory of ,the ,right ,reverend ,thomas ,church ,brownell1 ,s4,t4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,born #aggi ,died #ahfe ,third ,bishop of ,connecticut #ahai-ahfe ,presiding ,bishop #aheb-ahfe and in ,grateful ,remembrance of the ,foundation of the ,bishop ,brownell ,memorial ,fund for the ,endowment of the ,cathedral by ,his ,daughter ,frances ,johnston ,holland40 ,the ,choir ,boys' ,stone on one of the piers of the ,ambulatory near the ,chapel of ,st4 ,ansgarius1 is the bust of a boy of the class of #aiaa1 carved by ,mr4 ,william ,scott4 ,it represents the choir boys' contribution to the building of the ,cathedral4 ,the ,seven ,chapels of ,tongues ,the seven ,chapels of ,tongues1 built around the ,choir on lines converging toward the ,sanctuary and deriving their name from the fact that they were intended for services of the church in the languages of the principal ethnological groups or regions of the world1 are one of the noblest conceptions of the ,cathedral4 ,in early ,gothic churches1 the fundamental idea of the apse with radiating chapels was ,christ in the company of his ,saints4 ,here1 in the great cosmopolitan ,diocese of ,new ,york1 this idea has appropriately been carried a step further in these chapels to include the idea of all the nations of the earth gathered around the ,altar of the ,saviour of ,mankind4 ,they recall the cry of the multitude in ,jerusalem at ,pentecost3 8,how hear we every man in our own tongue wherein we were born 444 the wonderful works of ,god0 7,acts ii4 #h1 #aa74 ,among the interesting services held in these chapels are those in the eastern 7,st4 ,saviour's7 chapel for the ,japanese and ,chinese in their languages and for colored people in ,english4 ,the spirit fostered by these chapels is occasionally reflected in great congregations1 entirely of ,italians1 entirely of negroes1 or predominantly of some other race1 at services held in the main part of the ,cathedral filling it to its utmost capacity4#cc ,services in ,english are held in one or more of the chapels every day of the year1 and oftentimes weddings and baptisms are held in them4 ,as a group1 the seven ,chapels of ,tongues eloquently express the catholic and democratic spirit of the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine referred to on page #ad4 ,they may be visited in order either from south to north or north to south2 but by beginning on the south side they will be seen in the order in which they were observed on the exterior 7p4 #ca71 and by looking through the archways of the ,choir to the opposite side of the ,ambulatory1 glimpses may be had of the tapestries and the clerestory windows in the order in which they have been described4 ,the chapels are all separate gifts and are memorials of the persons mentioned under their respective headings following3 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,james ,,st4 ,,james1 the ,apostle1 after whom this chapel is named1 was the son of ,zebedee and was a ,galilean fisherman4 ,he is sometimes called ,st4 ,james the ,great to distinguish him from another ,apostle called ,st4 ,james the ,less4 ,he was a brother of ,st4 ,john the ,divine4 ,he went almost everywhere with the ,lord4 ,after the ascension1 he preached a while in ,judea and then in ,spain4 ,after his mission there1 he was beheaded by the ,jews1 and1 according to tradition1 his body was miraculously transported back to ,spain1 where his relics are said to rest at ,compostella4 ,spanish historians chronicle #ch instances in which he is believed to have descended from heaven and in shining white armor led the ,spanish armies against the ,moors4 ,under the ,spanish equivalent of his name1 ,st4 ,iago or ,santiago1 he became the patron saint of ,spain and his name was adopted as the ,spanish war-cry4 ,his shrine at ,compostella was one of the most popular for pilgrimages in the ,middle ,ages1 and it was said that two visits to ,compostella equaled one to ,rome4 ,st4 ,james is usually represented in the dress of a pilgrim with a peculiar staff4 ,his ,memorial ,day is ,july #be4 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,james 7#ac on plan71 designed by ,mr4 ,henry ,vaughan1 is in pure ,english ,gothic ,architecture of the #adth century2 #ff feet long and #ci wide1 with a sort of transept on the north side #ae feet wide2 seats #bej persons1 and cost about #bjj1jjj4 ,its interior walls are of ,bedford1 ,ind41 limestone4 ,on the front of the ,altar of gray ,knoxville1 ,tenn4 marble1 is sculptured ,da,vinci's ,last ,supper4 ,the central feature of the limestone ,reredos is a relief representing the ,transfiguration1 after ,raphael4 ,in four niches1 two on either side of the ,transfiguration1 are statues of the four ,evangelists with their appropriate emblems at their feet 7left to right37 ,st4 ,matthew with winged man2 ,st4 ,mark with lion2 ,st4 ,luke with ox2 and ,st4 ,john with eagle4 ,beneath the ,transfiguration is a smaller sculpture of the ,nativity1 with an alleluia angel on each side4 ,on four escutcheons1 two on each side of the ,nativity1 are emblems of the condemnation and crucifixion 7left to right37 7#a7 ,crown of thorns and spear 7,john xix4 #b1 #e1 #cd72 7#b7 pillar to which ,christ was bound for scourging1 cord1 knotted scourge 7,john xix4 #a7 and sponge on reed 7,john xix4 #bi72 7#c7 ladder1 sponge on reed and spear2 and 7#d7 hammer1 pincers1 coat1 and three dice 7,mark xv4 #bd74 ,beautifully carved canopies surmounted by six adoring angels crown the ,reredos4 ,the stained glass ,east ,window1 by ,c4 ,e4 ,kempe ,co4 of ,london above the ,reredos1 depicts in its three lights 7left to right7 ,st4 ,lawrence1 ,st4 ,james and ,st4 ,vincent4 ,in two walled-up panels of the window1 one on each side of the glass1 are statues of ,st4 ,peter with keys 7left7 and ,st4 ,paul with sword 7right74 ,the ,saint ,james ,window in the middle bay of the south aisle portrays in its four lights scenes in the life of the patron saint of ,spain 7see page #ga7 and other subjects1 as follows1 reading from left to right3 ,bottom1 7#a7 ,coat-of-arms of ,st4 ,john and the words1 8,james1 servant of ,god20 7#b7 ,st4 ,james preaching to the natives of ,spain2 7#c7 ,st4 ,james before the judge1 forgiving his accuser and giving him his blessing1 8,peace be with thee20 7#d7 ,coat-of-arms of ,king ,ramira ,i of ,spain1 and the words 7to be read with those first quoted71 8,and of the ,lord ,jesus ,christ40 ,middle1 7#a7 8,unto his shrine the mighty and the lowly fared on pilgrimage20 7#b7 8,st4 ,james1 the radiant knight1 upon a great white horse20 7#c7 8,before the banner of his name the ,moorish warriors fled20 7#d7 8,at ,compostella still men serve ,santiago's shrine40 ,top1 7#a7 angel with - symbol2 7#b7 8,they bore his body to a ship that sailed for ,spain20 7#c7 8,over his tomb they built a chapel passing fair20 7#d7 ,angel with ,ichthus symbol4#cd ,in the tracery at the extreme top is a representation of the ,crucifixion4 ,the window was given by ,bishop ,potter's daughters and was designed and made by ,mr4 ,henry ,wynd ,young1 glass-painter1 of ,new ,york ,city4 ,in niches of the walls of the chapel are the following statues and symbols3 ,east ,wall1 ,st4 ,augustine of ,england with crozier 7left7 and ,st4 ,gregory the ,great 7who sent him to ,england7 with papal tiara and papal cross 7right7 ,west ,wall1 end of main aisle1 above1 ,christ between his kinsmen ,st4 ,james the ,great 7left7 and ,st4 ,james the ,less 7right72 and at end of south aisle1 the ,venerable ,bede4 ,on four escutcheons1 two on each side of the west door1 are3 7#a7 ,a floriated cross 7emblematic of the flowering or productiveness of the ,christian religion72 7#b7 the monogram ihc 7representing the first two and last letters1 uncial form1 of the ,greek word for ,jesus#ce72 7#c7 the ,greek cross form of the chi rho monogram 7first two ,greek letters of the name ,christ72 and 7#d7 the ,alpha and ,omega1 the first and last letters of the ,greek alphabet1 7,rev4 i4 #h74 ,north ,wall1 statue of ,william of ,wykeham4 ,in the upper part of the north wall is the gallery of the organ1 which is independent of the great organ of the ,cathedral4 ,choir ,stalls near the ,altar are a distinctive feature of this chapel4 ,two clustered columns divide the south aisle into three bays in the middle one of which is ,bishop ,potter's ,tomb1 of ,siena marble4 ,on the tomb is a recumbent figure of the ,bishop in ,serevezza marble1 by ,mr4 ,james ,e4 ,frazer4 ,the ,bishop is represented in his episcopal robes1 and the execution is so fine that even the texture of the lawn sleeves is apparent4 ,on the front of the tomb is inscribed3 8,henry ,codman ,potter ,,mdccclxxxiii ,assistant ,bishop of ,new ,york ,,mdccclxxxvii ,bishop of ,new ,york ,,mdccclxxxvii-,,mcmviii ,upholder of ,righteousness and ,truth ,soldier and ,servant of ,jesus ,christ40 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,sanctuary ,,of ,,the ,,chapel ,,of ,,st4 ,,james ,on the rear3 8,he laboured that this ,cathedral ,church ,should rise to the ,glory of ,god and as ,a witness to the ,life of our ,lord and ,master ,jesus ,christ that here the prayers of the children of many lands should rise to that ,father in whom alone all men are brothers ,whose service is perfect freedom40 ,around the edge of the top slab3 8,i saw the ,holy ,city coming down from ,god out of ,heaven and ,i heard a great voice saying ,behold the tabernacle of ,god is with men and he will dwell with them and they shall be his people40 ,on the west wall is inscribed3 8,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,james ,consecrated ,may #b1 #aiaf ,to the ,worship of ,almighty ,god ,and in ,loving ,memory of ,henry ,codman ,potter ,bishop of ,new ,york ,born ,may #be1 #ahcd ,died ,july #ba1 #aijh ,the ,gift of ,his ,wife ,elizabeth ,scriven ,potter ,born ,september #cj1 #ahdh ,died ,march #d1 #aiji40 ,story of the ,blind ,woman4 ,a beautiful and touching incident occurred in the ,chapel of ,st4 ,james a few years ago4 ,one day1 a woman who was blind1 deaf1 and could make only a few hardly articulate sounds1 but who was cultured and could read by touch1 visited the ,cathedral with another woman4 ,the ,verger1 the late ,charles ,f4 ,barnard1 first led her the full length of the ,cathedral in order that she might comprehend its size4 ,then the general features of the edifice were communicated by her friend by the touch of their hands4 ,the wood and stone carvings1 however1 she read with her own fingers4 ,when she came to the ,chapel of ,st4 ,james1 she wished to feel of ,bishop ,potter's features as reproduced in the effigy on his tomb1 but on account of the delicacy of the marble1 visitors are not allowed to touch it4 ,the blind woman1 however1 produced from her bag a pair of thin white gloves1 and by signs asked if she might feel of the statue if she put them on4 ,the ,verger assenting1 she ran her fingers deftly over the ,bishop's countenance1 felt of the signet ring on his finger1 etc41 and then1 satisfied1 proceeded to the ,altar4 ,here she knelt down and began to feel of the relief representing ,da,vinci's ,last ,supper4 ,as soon as she recognized the work1 she threw up her hands in ecstasy and exclaimed in broken accents1 the best she could utter1 8,vinci6 ,vinci60 ,the venerable ,verger1 in relating this incident1 said that he was moved to tears by the spectacle of the blind woman1 kneeling before the ,altar1 with up-raised hands1 8seeing0 the ,cathedral through the sense of touch4 ,one may well ask1 if this blind woman could see so much spiritual beauty in the ,cathedral without eyes1 how much more ought those to see who have the blessed gift of sight4 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,ambrose ,,st4 ,,ambrose1 or ,ambrogio1 the namesake of this chapel1 was born in ,treves about #cdj1 the son of a ,roman ,prefect in ,gaul 7now ,france74 ,while in his cradle one day1 a swarm of bees settled upon him1 clustering around his mouth1 but doing him no harm4 ,a similar thing having happened to ,plato1 it was considered an omen of future greatness4 ,he studied law at ,rome1 became a magistrate in upper ,italy with court at ,milan1 and by his wisdom and gentleness won such popular esteem that when called upon to settle of succession of the bishopric of ,milan between the ,arians and ,catholics he himself was chosen by both parties to be ,bishop of that see4 ,he was one of the most celebrated fathers of the church4 ,his most distinctive symbol is the bee-hive1 although two human bones1 the scourge1 the crozier1 the mitre1 etc4 are sometimes used4 ,the ,memorial ,day for ,st ,ambrose is kept on ,april #d4 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,ambrose 7#ad on plan71 designed by ,messrs4 ,carrere ,hastings1 is in modern ,renaissance ,architecture4 ,it is about #ej feet long and #bg wide1 seats #ajj persons and cost over #aej1jjj4 ,the floor is inlaid with grey ,siena and red ,verona marbles1 bordered with cream colored ,cenere marble4 ,the walls are lined with ,rosato marble4 ,on the under side of the marble archway at the entrance are reliefs representing the ,three ,persons of the ,trinity with angels1 as follows3 7,left7 the ,father in human form#cf1 with triangular nimbus1 holding the globe of sovereignty2 angel with lute2 angel with lily2 7top7 the ,holy ,ghost in form of the dove2 angel with trumpet2 angel praying2 and 7right7 the ,son in form of the ,paschal ,lamb4 ,the false perspective of the side walls is similar to that in the ,sacristy of the ,cathedral of ,siena4 ,in the spandrels of the false arches of the left-hand wall 7as one faces the ,altar7 are figures in relief 7reading from entrance toward ,altar7 of3 ,moses and the prophets ,isaiah1 ,jeremiah and ,ezekiel2 and on the opposite wall1 in same order1 ,st4 ,matthew with cherub1 ,st4 ,mark with lion1 ,st4 ,luke with ox1 and ,st4 ,john with eagle4 ,the ceiling is of white marble carved in low relief4 ,from the ceiling hang four silver lamps1 one an antique ,italian lamp and the others copied from it4 ,on the front of the ,altar of alabaster are three golden ornaments1 representing the ,paschal ,lamb 7,christ7 between two angels swinging censers1 the latter symbolizing the prayers of all saints 7,rev4 viii4 #c74 ,the ,reredos1 not copied from any one ,european prototype but inspired by many examples found in the transitional and early ,renaissance period in ,italy1 is of carved wood overlaid with gold leaf4 ,the lower part consists of a triptych1 covered by an elaborate canopy and flanked by niches in which are statues of ,st4 ,francis 7left7 and ,st4 ,ambrose 7right74 ,in niches at the left of the canopy are figures 7left to right7 of a kneeling angel1 ,st4 ,benedict with crozier1 ,st4 ,agnes in female apparel1 and ,dante in red gown and hood2 and at the right 7same order7 ,fra ,angelico1 ,galileo with globe1 ,savonarola1 and kneeling angel4 ,upon the cross of the canopy is a dove1 symbolizing ,god the ,holy ,ghost2 above that is the all-seeing eye in a triangle within a sun-burst1 symbolizing ,god the ,father2 and on the top-most spire is the figure of ,god the ,son1 holding a cross and pronouncing a benediction4 ,the ,apse ,windows1 one on each side of the ,altar1 transmit a soft amber light which gives a peculiar charm to this chapel4 ,each has a border of ,italian ,renaissance tracery1 within which is a field of many small panes of leaded glass4 ,in the left window these panes are ornamented with repeated designs representing the chalice with emerging serpent and the eagle 7symbols of ,st4 ,john71 flowers1 and the chi-rho monogram4 ,in the upper part are the seven stars and candlesticks from the ,cathedral seal1 and the legend1 8,sigil4 ,eccles4 ,cath4 ,s4 ,johan20 and in the lower part the words1 8,for ,god is the ,king of all the ,earth4 ,sing ye ,praises with ,understanding40 ,in the right window the panes are ornamented with repetitions of the bee-hive1 mitre and scourges 7symbols of ,st4 ,ambrose71 the cross and wreath1 flowers1 and the - and ,,ihs symbols4 ,near the middle is a small fragment of brown glass1 marked with an 8,r01 from ,rheims ,cathedral4 ,in the upper part is the coat-of-arms of ,st4 ,ambrose--the bee-hive1 mitre and croziers--with the legend1 8,sigil4 ,sanct4 ,ambrosii10 and in the lower part are the words1 8,god is our ,refuge and ,strength1 a ,very ,present ,help in ,trouble40 ,the windows were made by ,mr4 ,henry ,wynd ,young1 glass-painter1 under the supervision of ,messrs4 ,godwin ,sullivant1 architects1 of ,new ,york4 ,along the side walls are ,stalls and ,wainscoting of dark ,italian walnut1 inlaid with pear-wood in designs including the star of the east1 chalice1 ,latin cross1 patriarchal cross1 and ,bishop's mitre4 ,inlaid in the top border of the wainscoting is this inscription3 7,left7 8,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,lord ,god of ,hosts4 ,heaven and earth are full of thy glory4 ,glory be to ,thee1 ,o ,lord ,most ,high4 ,blessed is he that cometh in the name of the ,lord4 ,hosannah in the ,highest4 7,right7 ,o ,lamb of ,god1 that takest away the sins of the world1 grant us thy peace4 ,glory be to ,god on high1 and on earth peace1 good will towards men4 ,thou only1 ,o ,christ1 with the ,holy ,ghost1 art most high in the ,glory of ,god the ,father40 ,the wrought iron ,italian ,screen at the entrance to the chapel is best seen from the inside4 ,upon the finials at either end are angels blowing trumpets1 and the space between them is divided by seven tall candlesticks into eight spaces1 in which are bronze groups representing scenes in the life of ,st4 ,ambrose 7left to right37 7#a7 ,his youth2 7#b7 settling the succession of the bishopric of ,milan2 7#c7 his baptism2 7#d7 nuns and 7#e7 monks1 listening to the preaching of ,st4 ,ambrose1 who stands between them facing the ,altar2 7#f7 the public penance before ,st4 ,ambrose of ,emperor ,theodosius who caused the massacre of the ,thessalonians2 7#g7 laying the corner-stone of the ,church of ,st4 ,ambrogio in ,milan2 and 7#h7 his death4 ,beneath the figure of ,st4 ,ambrose who stands between the nuns and monks is a bee-hive with crossed croziers4 ,the screen was designed by ,mr4 ,thomas ,hastings and was made by ,messrs4 ,e4 ,f4 ,caldwell ,co41 of ,new ,york4 ,on the south wall is inscribed3 8,to the ,glory of ,god and in ,loving ,memory of ,augustus ,whiting ,sarah ,swan ,whiting ,jane ,whiting ,amelia ,whiting ,davis ,augustus ,whiting1 ,jr41 ,natica ,rives ,burden ,this ,chapel has been ,erected by ,sara ,whiting ,rives40 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,martin of ,tours ,,st4 ,,martin1 after whom this chapel is named1 born in #caf1 in his young manhood was a ,roman soldier in ,gaul4 ,one wintry day1 7according to the traditional story related by ,ruskin in his 8,bible of ,amiens107 when ,martin was riding forth from the city of ,amiens1 he saw a beggar shivering by the roadside2 whereupon he divided his cloak with his sword and gave one half to the beggar4 ,that night in a vision he saw ,christ wearing the half cloak and surrounded by angels4 ,and ,christ said to the angels3 8,know ye who hath thus arrayed me8 ,my servant ,martin1 though yet unbaptized1 hath done this40 ,after this1 ,martin was baptized2 but he remained a soldier for #ag years4 ,then1 after several years of religious works1 he was made ,bishop of ,tours4 ,it is related that one day1 when going to church in his full robes1 he practically repeated the charitable act beforementioned by giving his stole to a ragged beggar2 and when ,st4 ,martin was at the altar1 elevating the ,host1 a globe of light appeared above him and angels descended and hung chains of gold and jewels 7not of earth7 on his bare arms4 ,sweet1 serene and dearly beloved1 he was ,bishop and ,knight of the ,poor1 and the divided cloak and sword are his special symbols4 ,the ,memorial ,day for ,st4 ,martin is kept on ,november #aa4 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,martin of ,tours 7#ae on plan71 designed by ,messrs4 ,cram ,ferguson1 is in early #acth century ,gothic ,architecture2 about the same size as the ,chapel of ,st4 ,ambrose2 and cost about #aej1jjj4 ,its interior walls are faced with light colored ,bedford1 ,ind4 limestone4 ,the lower half of the walls is occupied by ,gothic arcatures1 in the trefoiled arches of which are fleurs de lis4 ,under the fleurs de lis1 in mediaeval text1 runs the inscription3 7,left side37 8,they that be wise shall shine as the bright- ness of the firm- ament and they that turn many to righteous- ness as the stars forever and ever 7,right side37 ,the ,peace of ,god which passeth all under- standing shall keep your hearts and minds through ,christ ,jesus40 ,a little above the arcature is a border of roses4 ,the upper half of the side walls presents a unique feature in a sort of triforium gallery built in the thickness of the wall4 ,the pavement of ,knoxville1 ,tenn4 pink marble is bordered with black ,belgian marble4 ,the simple marble ,altar in the form of a table resting on red marble pillars has no reredos4 ,the ,seven ,windows1 three in the ,sanctuary and four in the clerestory1 by ,mr4 ,charles ,connick of ,boston1 ,mass41 are of grisaille#cg work in geometrical designs1 the ,sanctuary windows being inset with pictorial medallions in painted mosaic glass in the mediaeval style4 ,in the central window over the ,altar the medallions depict scenes in the life of ,st4 ,martin as follows1 beginning at the bottom and reading upward3 ,in the left-hand light 7#a7 ,st4 ,martin receives sword and enters army2 7#b7 divides his cloak with the beggar2 7#c7 has vision of ,christ wearing the severed cloak which he had given to the beggar2 and 7#d7 is baptized4 ,in the middle light1 7#a7 ,he converts the robber2 7#b7 revives the dead man2 7#c7 is affectionately welcomed on his return to ,tours2 and 7#d7 destroys the heathen temple4 ,in the right-hand light1 7#a7 ,he intercedes with ,count ,avitianus for the release of prisoners2 7#b7 pleads for ,priscillian's life2 7#c7 dies2 and 7#d7 the ship bearing his body is mysteriously propelled4 ,in the middle light of the window at the left of the ,altar are scenes in the life of ,st4 ,louis3 7#a7 ,his coronation2 7#b7 his release of prisoners at ,paris2 7#c7 his ministration to sick soldiers during the first ,crusade2 and 7#d7 his departure on the second ,crusade4 ,in the middle light of the window at the right of the ,altar are scenes in the life of ,joan of ,arc3 7#a7 ,her vision2 7#b7 the capture of ,orleans2 7#c7 the coronation of ,charles ,,vii42 and 7#d7 her martyrdom at the stake4 ,in the circular lights at the top of the seven windows are the following coats-of-arms 7left to right73 7#a7 ,on a blue field1 three golden fleurs de lis above a white wreath of oak and laurel with red fruit1 representing the ,city of ,rheims4#ch 7#b7 ,on a blue field sprinkled with golden fleurs de lis1 the ,mother and ,child1 representing the ,cathedral of ,notre ,dame in ,paris4 7#c7 ,seven horizontal bars1 alternately blue and gold1 being the arms of ,bertrand d',eschaux1 ,archbishop of ,tours4 7#d7 ,on a blue field1 a white ,latin cross with trefoiled ends1 being the arms of the ,chapter of ,poitiers4 7#e7 ,on a blue cloak surrounded by red1 a white sword1 cross-hilt upward1 emblematic of ,st4 ,martin4 7#f7 ,on a blue field sprinkled with golden fleurs de lis1 a red ,greek cross1 representing the ,archdiocese of ,rheims4#ci 7#g7 ,on a blue field1 three golden fleurs de lis under a white 8label0 or mark of cadency of eldest son1#dj being the royal arms of the ,dukes of ,orleans4 ,a ,statue of ,joan of ,arc1 expressing her spiritual character1 by ,miss ,anna ,vaughn ,hyatt1 was placed in this chapel in #aibb4 ,it was given by ,mr4 ,j4 ,sanford ,saltus through ,dr4 ,george ,f4 ,kunz1 ,president of the ,joan of ,arc ,statue ,committee which erected the equestrian statue of the ,maid by the same sculptress in ,riverside ,drive4 ,near it are two rough stones from the ,chateau de ,rouen in which the ,maid was imprisoned at the time of her trial and from which she was led to the stake4 ,the wrought-iron ,screen of beautiful tracery at the entrance1 designed in the office of ,messrs4 ,cram ,ferguson and made by ,messrs4 ,f4 ,krasser ,co41 of ,boston1 is a particularly lovely example of this form of art4 ,while not copied from any existing mediaeval prototype1 it shows the influence of the wrought-iron work of the ,romanesque and early ,gothic periods of ,france4 ,the shell ornament in the section below the cornice is symbolical of ,st4 ,martin as a pilgrim1 while the finials and cresting1 blossoming with roses1 signify the flowering of the ,christian religion4 ,in the frieze are four panels depicting four scenes which are described in a quaintly lettered inscription in the moulding above3 8,s4 ,martin shares cloak with ,beggar ,our ,lord appears in cloak to ,s4 ,martin ,s4 ,martin receives holy baptism ,saint ,martin journeys to ,rome40 ,illustration3 ,coats of ,arms in ,windows of ,chapel of ,st4 ,martin of ,tours4 ,an inscription on the wall of the chapel reads3 8,the ,chapel of ,saint ,martin of ,tours ,consecrated #aiah ,to the worship of ,almighty ,god and in ,loving ,memory of ,william ,p4 ,furniss and ,his ,wife ,sophia ,furniss and their ,daughter ,sophia ,r4 ,c4 ,furniss40 ,in another panel is this inscription3 8,to the ,glory of ,god and in ,loving ,memory of ,clementina ,furniss by ,whose ,gift this ,chapel was ,erected and ,margaret ,elizabeth ,zimmerman ,daughters of ,william ,p4 ,furniss and his wife ,sophia ,furniss40 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,saviour ,,saint ,,saviour1 the name of this chapel1 means ,holy ,saviour1 the word ,saint being used in its primary sense as an adjective1 derived from the ,latin 8sanctus40 ,the ,memorial ,day for ,st4 ,saviour is kept on ,december #be4 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,saviour 7#af on plan17 is the easternmost of the seven ,chapels of ,tongues and forms the eastern extremity of the ,cathedral4 ,among the languages in which services are held in this chapel are ,japanese and ,chinese4 ,when the royal ,abyssinian ,commission to the ,united ,states ,government was formally received at the ,cathedral on ,july #bd1 #aiai1 its members knelt at this altar4 ,the chapel is in the ,english ,decorated ,gothic style of ,architecture after designs by ,messrs4 ,heins ,la,farge4 ,it is #ef feet long and #cj feet wide1 seats #aej persons1 and cost about #bjj1jjj4 ,its interior walls are of ,minnesota dolomite1 around the base of which runs a foundation course of red jasper with green serpentine moulding like those which run around the ,choir4 ,the pavement is of stone from ,hauteville1 ,france1 with a mosaic border4 ,the ,sanctuary steps are of pink marble from ,georgia4 ,the ,altar1 made by ,messrs4 ,batterson ,eislie and carved by ,mr4 ,schwartz1 is of snow-white ,carrara marble4 ,its face and front corners are adorned by the figures of six angels singing 8,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy40 ,carved on the face of the retable is the crown of thorns1 supported by two cherubs4 ,the ,reredos is of polished red ,siena marble1 bordered with ,venetian mosaic4 ,the ,chair and ,prayer ,desk of black walnut at the left side of the ,sanctuary have an interesting history recited on a brass tablet on the desk as follows3 8,the first use of this chair and prayer desk was made by the ,most ,reverend ,randall ,thomas ,davidson1 ,d4,d41 ,archbishop of ,canterbury in the ,crypt of the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine on ,wednesday morning1 ,september #bhth1 ,a4 ,d4 #aijd at the celebration of the ,holy ,communion at which ,his ,grace was the celebrant and which preceded the opening of the ,one hundred and twenty-first ,convention of the ,diocese of ,new ,york1 being also the first opening of the ,diocesan ,synod ,hall40 ,the ,east ,window1 a glorious work in stained glass by ,mr4 ,hardman of ,birmingham1 ,eng41 completely fills the end of the chapel4 ,its central light is occupied by a representation of the ,transfiguration 7,mat4 xvii4 #a-c74 ,in the middle of the scene is the radiant ,saviour1 with ,moses 7left7 holding the ,ten ,commandments1 and ,elias 7right7 holding the receptacle of the scrolls1 representing respectively the ,law and the ,prophets4#da ,surrounding the group are angels2 and below it are the three ,disciples who were with ,jesus on the mount3 ,st4 ,peter 7left7 looking up1 ,st4 ,james 7middle7 covering his eyes1 and ,st4 ,john1 the beardless ,disciple 7right71 shading his face4 ,in the left side light1 above1 is ,moses putting off his shoes on the holy ground before the burning bush from which the angel of the ,lord appears 7,ex4 iii4 #e72 and below1 ,moses raising the brazen serpent for healing 7,num4 xxi4 #i74 ,the serpent1 seen indistinctly coiled around the pole1 is by artistic license represented in green4 ,in the right side light1 above1 is the angel appearing to ,elijah 7,i4 ,kings xix4 #e-h72 and below1 ,elijah's sacrifice miraculously consumed by the fire of the ,lord 7,i4 ,kings xviii4 #cj-ch74 ,in niches on either side of the window are the following ,statues of ,bishops1 saints and scholars of the ,eastern church3 ,left4 ,right4 ,st4 ,polycarp ,st4 ,chrysostom b4 #fi d4 #aee b4 #cdg d4 #djg ,bishop of ,smyrna ,archbp4 of ,constantinople ,st4 ,athanasius ,st4 ,basil b4 #bif d4 #cgc b4 #cbi d4 #cgi ,primate of ,egypt ,bishop of ,caesarea ,origen ,st4 ,clement of ,alexandria b4 #ahe d4 #bec b4 circ4 #aej d4 #bac-bbj ,great eastern scholar ,celebrated ,church ,father ,st4 ,gregory ,nazianzen ,st4 ,ignatius b4 #ccj d4 #chi b4 circ4 #ej d4 #ajg ,bishop of ,nazianzus ,bishop of ,antioch ,in a niche in the upper part of the north wall is a statue of ,st4 ,peter with key2 and in a corresponding niche in the south wall one of ,st4 ,paul with sword4 ,turning toward the entrance to the chapel1 one sees in niches between the clustered columns at the sides of the great archway in array of angels1 five on each side1 one above the other1 corresponding to as many on the ,ambulatory side1--twenty in all--representing the ,heavenly ,choir4 ,these lovely figures are worthy of more than passing notice4 ,all the statuary is by ,mr4 ,gutzon ,borglum4 ,the four ,lamp ,standards of ,carrara marble surmounted by alabaster bowls standing in the four corners of the chapel1 and carved in relief with many symbolical details1 were made by ,messrs4 ,e4 ,f4 ,caldwell ,co4 and carved by ,messrs4 ,f4 ,ruggeri and ,p4 ,giuntini of ,new ,york4 ,the elaborate wrought iron ,screen1 made by the ,wm4 ,h4 ,jackson ,co4 of ,new ,york1 at the entrance1 is in the ,italian style after one in ,orvieto1 ,italy4 ,it is embellished in its upper part by two golden angels holding a wreath at the foot of the cross4 ,looking outward through the screen1 one sees the back of the ,high ,altar of the ,cathedral4 ,on one of the walls of the chapel is inscribed3 8,this ,chapel is ,erected to the ,glory of ,god and in ,loving ,memory of ,bessie ,morgan ,belmont by her ,husband ,august ,belmont40 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,columba ,,st4 ,,columba was born in ,county ,donegal1 ,ireland1 in #eba1 of royal blood4 ,after study and religious work in ,ireland1 he set out in #efc with twelve disciples and planted upon the ,island of ,iona1 on the west coast of ,scotland1 which he received from his kinsman ,conal1 ,king of ,scots1 a monastery which1 from the #fth to the #hth centuries1 was second to hardly any other in ,great ,britain4 ,from it was conducted a wonderful missionary work in ,scotland1 ,ireland1 the north of ,england1 and small adjacent islands4 ,many miracles are attributed to him1 and he was accredited with power to subdue not only wild tribes of men but also the beasts of the wilderness 7see p4 #cb74 ,he died in #eig1 and his body was buried at ,iona1 which is regarded as one of the great shrines of ,christianity in ,great ,britain4 ,the ,memorial ,day for ,st4 ,columba is kept on ,june #i4 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,columba1 7#ag on plan71 designed by ,messrs4 ,heins ,la,farge1 is in the ,norman style of ,architecture4 ,it is #ej feet long and #bg wide1 seats #ajj persons1 and cost about #aej1jjj4 ,the interior walls are of ,minnesota dolomite1 separated from a base course of polished ,mohegan granite by a moulding of yellow ,verona marble4 ,the pavement is a fine grained gray stone from ,illinois4 ,the semi-circular arched window heads1 and particularly the six large cylindrical pillars diversified by spiral and diaper patterns1 convey the idea of the ,norman style which one sees exemplified on a larger scale in ,durham ,cathedral and other churches of that period in ,england4 ,the vaulting over the ,sanctuary is lined with gold mosaic1 upon which appear black and white ,celtic crosses4 ,the lectern1 communion rail1 ,glastonbury chairs1 and other wood work of the ,sanctuary were designed by ,mr4 ,charles ,r4 ,lamb and made by ,j4 ,r4 ,lamb of ,new ,york4 ,they are carved in low relief with ornament expressive of ,english ,gothic feeling4 ,the lectern shows a composition of three figures3 ,christ in the center1 between ,john the ,baptist1 his ,forerunner1 and ,st4 ,john the ,divine1 namesake of the ,cathedral1 who closes the biblical record with the ,book of ,revelation4 ,the ,altar1 of cream colored ,italian marble1 is in the form of a table supported by marble pillars4 ,it has no ,reredos4 ,the ,sanctuary ,windows1 three in number1 were made by ,messrs4 ,clayton ,bell of ,london4 ,in the central light of the window above the ,altar is represented the baptism of ,christ by ,john the ,baptist1 and in the side lights are ,st4 ,john with cup 7left71 and ,st4 ,paul with sword1 7right47 ,in the bottom of the three lights are the four symbols previously explained 7p4 #gd71 namely1 the 1 the ,alpha1 the ,omega1 and the ,chi ,rho4 ,the windows on either side of the middle window are in grisaille1 copied from the famous lancet windows called the ,five ,sisters in the ,north ,transept of ,york ,cathedral1 although these windows have only two lights each instead of five4 ,the six wonderfully graceful seven-branched ,candelabra1 after ,donatello1 were brought from ,italy by ,mr4 ,george ,gordon ,king4 ,turning toward the entrance1 in which is a wrought iron ,screen in the ,spanish style1 designed by ,mr4 ,samuel ,yellen and made by the ,industrial ,ornamental ,iron ,works of ,philadelphia1 ,penn41 one sees an extremely interesting feature in the ,statues by ,mr4 ,gutzon ,borglum of representatives of the successive stages of the development of ,christianity in ,england1 which stand in the niches between the clustered columns at the sides of the great entrance archway4#db ,the figures1 five on each side1 one above the other1 and corresponding to as many on the ,ambulatory side1--twenty in all1--are in the following relative positions1 it being understood that the left side as seen from the chapel is the same as the right side as seen from the ,ambulatory4 ,seen from ,chapel4 ,left4 ,right4 ,st4 ,aidan ,st4 ,augustine ,bishop of ,northumbrians ,archbishop of ,canterbury ac4 #fce d4 #fea ac4 #eig d4 #fjd ,st4 ,anselm ,king ,alfred ,archbishop of ,canterbury ,king of ,wessex ac4 #ajic d4 #aaji b4 #hdi d4 #ija ,thomas ,cranmer ,william of ,wykeham ,archbishop of ,canterbury ,bishop of ,winchester b4 #adhi d4 #aeef ac4 #acfg d4 #adje ,joseph ,butler ,jeremy ,taylor ,bishop of ,durham ,bishop of #c ,irish sees b4 #afib d4 #ageb b4 #afac d4 #affg ,john ,keble ,reginald ,heber leader in ,oxford movement ,bishop of ,calcutta b4 #agib d4 #ahff b4 #aghc d4 #ahbf ,seen from ,ambulatory4 ,left4 ,right4 ,st4 ,alban ,theodore of ,tarsus promartyr of ,britain ,archbishop of ,canterbury d4 circ4 #cjd ac4 #ffh d4 #fij ,the ,venerable ,bede ,stephen ,langton chronicler and priest ,archbishop of ,canterbury b4 #fgc d4 #gce b4 #aaej d4 #abbh ,john ,wyckliffe ,matthew ,parker morning-star of ,reformation ,archbishop of ,canterbury b4 #acbe d4 #achd b4 #aejd d4 #aege ,richard ,hooker ,george ,berkeley ,anglican theologian ,bishop of ,cloyne1 etc4 b4 #aeed d4 #afjj b4 #afhd d4 #agec ,john ,wesley ,frederic ,denison ,maurice evangelical revivalist preacher and leader b4 #agjc d4 #agia b4 #ahje d4 #ahgb ,the ,cathedral has in its possession a ,stone from the ,cathedral1 or ,church of ,st4 ,mary 7dating from the #acth-#afth centuries7 on the ,island of ,iona1 which may fittingly be placed in this chapel at some future time4 ,upon the wall of the chapel is inscribed3 8,chapel of ,saint ,columba ,to the ,glory of ,god and in ,loving ,memory of ,mary ,leroy ,king ,the ,gift of ,her ,mother ,mary ,augusta ,king ,consecrated ,april #bgth1 #aiaa40 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,boniface ,,st4 ,,boniface1 whose original name was ,winifred1 was born in ,devonshire1 ,england1 about the year #fhj4 ,he entered a ,benedictine monastery at the age of #ac1 learned rhetoric1 history and theology1 and became a priest at the age of #cj4 ,at a time when ,england and ,ireland were sending missionaries to the heathen parts of ,europe1 ,winifred was authorized by ,pope ,gregory ,,ii4 to preach the ,gospel to the tribes of ,germany1 and he is called the ,apostle of ,germany4 ,while engaged in this work1 ,gregory made him a ,bishop and gave him the name of ,bonifacius1 or ,boniface1 which means ,doer of ,good4 ,the ,bishoprics of ,ratisbon1 ,erfurt1 ,paderborn1 ,wurzburg1 ,eichstadt1 ,salzburg1 and several others1 owe their establishment to his efforts4 ,in #gdf he was made ,archbishop of ,mainz4 ,in #gee1 while carrying on his work in ,dokkum1 in ,west ,friesland1 he and his congregation of converts there were slain by a mob of armed heathen4 ,his remains are buried in the famous abbey of ,fulda1 which he founded4 ,in art1 he is depicted holding a book pierced by a sword1 referring to the manner of his death4 ,the ,memorial ,day for ,st4 ,boniface is kept on ,june #e4 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,boniface1 7#ah on plan71 designed by ,mr4 ,henry ,vaughan1 is a very pure specimen of ,english ,gothic ,architecture of the #adth century4 ,it is about #dh feet long and #bh wide1 seats about #ajj persons1 and cost about #age1jjj4 ,the interior walls are of ,indiana limestone2 the pavement of pink marble from ,knoxville1 ,tenn41 with heavy black border of ,belgian marble2 and the steps to the ,sanctuary also of pink ,knoxville marble4 ,the ,altar is of gray marble from the same source4 ,in the three ornate panels on its face are the monogram ,,ihs 7see p4 #gd71 the floriated ,greek cross 7see note below71 and the ,greek cross form of the ,chi ,rho 7p4 #gd74 ,the richly carved ,reredos has three canopied niches1 in the central one of which is represented the ,adoration of the ,magi4 ,in each of the side niches is an angel with scroll4 ,in the recesses of the windows on either side of the ,altar are carved clergy stalls of dark oak1 with wainscoting of the same wood as high as the window sills4 ,there are six stained glass ,windows1 three in the ,sanctuary and three smaller ones in the clerestory4 ,each has three lights4 ,in the middle light of the central window above the ,altar ,christ is represented as the ,great ,teacher4 ,his robe is sprinkled with the ,,ihs monogram 7p4 #gd7 and in ,his nimbus appear the ends of a floriated cross4#dc ,above ,his head are two angels1 and above them the dove1 symbolizing the ,holy ,spirit4 ,below the figure of ,christ is a scene representing ,him teaching the multitude4 ,in the left side light is ,st4 ,boniface with mitre1 archiepiscopal staff1#dd and ,bible pierced with sword2 and below him a scene representing him hewing down an oak in ,geismar accounted sacred by the idolators4 ,in the right side light is ,st4 ,paul with sword2 and below him a scene representing him preaching to the men of ,athens4 ,in the left window of the ,sanctuary are three figures with scenes below as follows 7left to right73 ,st4 ,birinus1 ,bishop of ,dorchester1 holding a monstrance1 and 7below7 ,st4 ,birinus baptizing ,king ,cynegils of the ,west ,saxons2 ,st4 ,augustine of ,canterbury with archiepiscopal staff1 holding a tablet representing the crucifixion1 and 7below7 ,st4 ,augustine announcing the ,word of ,life to ,king ,ethelbert2 and ,st4 ,felix1 ,bishop of ,dunwich1 with crozier and torch1 and 7below7 ,st4 ,felix receiving the blessing of the ,archbishop of ,canterbury4 ,in the right ,sanctuary window1 similarly1 are3 ,st4 ,chad1 ,bishop of ,lichfield1 holding crozier and model of ,lichfield ,cathedral1#de and 7below7 ,st4 ,chad listening to the songs of angels2 ,st4 ,columba in monastic garb with crozier and with monastery 7,iona7 at his feet1 and 7below7 ,st4 ,columba converting the ,picts2 and ,st4 ,aidan with crozier1 and 7below7 ,st4 ,aidan instructing the youthful ,st4 ,chad and others4 ,in the west clerestory window are3 ,st4 ,patrick with crozier ornamented with shamrocks2 ,st4 ,gregory of ,rome with papal staff1 holding an open music book displaying the ,sursum ,corda 7referring to him as founder of the ,gregorian music71 with ,pere ,marquette below2 and ,st4 ,martin of ,tours with crozier and ,bible4 ,in the east wall are two clerestory windows4 ,in the left hand window of the two are3 ,st4 ,cyprian1 ,archbishop of ,carthage1 holding his staff and his best known book concerning ,church ,unity1 or the universal church2 ,st4 ,ambrose1 ,bishop of ,milan1 with crozier and open book displaying the words 8,te ,deum ,laudamus0 7we praise ,thee1 ,o ,god17 and pen in hand1 with the missionary ,robert ,hunt below2 and ,st4 ,augustine1 ,bishop of ,hippo ,mundia1 with crozier4 ,in the right hand clerestory window in the east wall are3 ,st4 ,cyril1 ,patriarch of ,alexandria1 with book and staff2 ,st4 ,john ,chrysostom1 ,bishop of ,constantinople1 with staff1 chalice and ,book of ,homilies1 with the missionary ,john ,robinson below2 and ,st4 ,ignatius1 ,bishop of ,antioch1 holding a palm4 ,the windows were made by ,messrs4 ,c4 ,e4 ,kempe ,co4 of ,london4 ,in two canopied niches in the west wall are ,statues of ,thomas a ,becket 7left7 and ,st4 ,boniface 7right72 and in a niche in the east wall is one of ,erasmus4 ,three wrought iron ,lamps are suspended by iron chains from the ceiling2 and at the entrance is a handsome wrought iron ,screen adorned with escutcheons bearing the ihc monogram and surmounted by a floriated cross before explained4 ,on one of the walls is inscribed3 8,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,boniface ,consecrated ,february #bi1 #aiaf ,erected to the ,glory of ,god by ,george ,sullivan ,bowdoin and ,his ,wife ,julia ,grinnell ,bowdoin and ,their ,children ,temple ,bowdoin ,fanny ,hamilton ,kingsford ,edith ,grinnell ,bowdoin40 ,story of the ,dove ,of ,peace4 ,during the last year of the ,world ,war1 an incident interesting in itself and illustrative of the origin of the legends and traditions which often grow up around cathedrals1 occurred in connection with the chapel bearing the name of the ,apostle of ,germany4 ,in the spring of #aiah1 some weeks after the great ,german drive of ,march #ba had begun and before the beginning of the counter-offensive of the second battle of the ,marne in ,july1 the large stained glass window in the clerestory of the ,choir above the entrance to the ,chapel of ,st4 ,boniface arrived from ,england4 ,all the ventilation openings in the ,cathedral windows are screened to exclude birds1 which1 however interesting in their natural habitats1 are a practical nuisance in the ,cathedral4 ,when the stained glass window above mentioned arrived1 the temporary window filling the space above the entrance to the chapel was removed for its installation4 ,while the window was thus open1 and at a period in the war when the issue trembled in the balance and the world fairly held its breath in fearful expectation of the event1 a white dove1--very generally recognized as a symbol or harbinger of ,peace--flew into the ,cathedral over this chapel4 ,on the following ,sunday it soared around in the great dome of the ,crossing and in the ,choir1 alighting in the most interesting places4 ,when ,dean ,robbins ascended the stairs of the great marble pulpit1 he found the dove perched on the edge of the pulpit directly before him4 ,the dove then flew down and alighted on the back of a vacant chair between two occupied chairs in the midst of the congregation on the south side of the ,crossing1 and there remained quietly during the sermon4 ,when the ushers started toward the ,altar with the offertory1 the bird soared across the congregation and alighted on the hat of a woman dressed in mourning who was sitting near the middle aisle1 its snow white plumage contrasting strikingly with the sombre attire of the bereaved woman who seemed not to be disturbed by what perhaps she regarded as a happy omen4 ,in a moment the dove flew to another part of the ,crossing4 ,it remained in the ,cathedral a few days longer2 and then one day1 went out through an open door4 ,soon after this occurrence1 the ,allies facing the ,marne salient1 including the ,americans at ,chateau ,thierry1 began the great counter-movement which finally brought peace4#df ,it was at least an interesting coincidence that this white dove came into the ,cathedral over this chapel1 at the very crisis of the war1 and that almost immediately thereafter began that series of determining events which led the ,germans to make overtures for ,peace4 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,ansgarius ,,st4 ,,ansgarius1 or ,st4 ,ansgar1 was born in ,picardy in #hja4 ,with his co-laborer ,autbert he went to preach ,christianity to the northmen of ,sleswick4 ,in spite of much persecution1 he was so successful that in #hca the ,pope established an archbishopric in ,hamburg1 7afterwards transferred to ,bremen17 and ,ansgarius was appointed first ,archbishop4 ,he made several missionary tours in ,denmark1 ,sweden and other parts of the north1 and died at ,bremen in #hfe4 ,he is called the ,apostle of the ,north4 ,the ,memorial ,day for ,st4 ,ansgarius is kept on ,february #c4 ,the ,chapel of ,st4 ,ansgarius 7#ai on plan71 designed by ,mr4 ,henry ,vaughan1 architect of the ,chapel of ,st4 ,james1 is in the same style of ,architecture1 #adth century ,gothic1 and about the same size1 being #ff feet long and #da wide1 with a seating capacity of #bej4 ,it differs1 however1 from the ,chapel of ,st4 ,james in plan1 the bay east of the turret stairs being here thrown into the ,ambulatory1 while in the ,chapel of ,st4 ,james it is included as a sort of transept2 and the north side of the ,chapel of ,st4 ,ansgarius being divided into only two bays1 while the south side of the ,chapel of ,st4 ,james is divided into three4 ,on account of the amount of work required to secure a firm foundation1 the ,chapel of ,st4 ,ansgarius cost about #bbe1jjj1 making it the most expensive of the seven ,chapels of ,tongues4 ,illustration3 ,niche in ,st4 ,ansgarius ,chapel made of old ,cathedral ,stones ,the interior walls are of ,indiana limestone2 and the pavement of pink ,knoxville1 ,tenn41 marble and mottled ,vermont marble4 ,the ,altar is of gray ,knoxville marble4 ,on its front is carved the ,madonna of the ,chair on the left of which1 from the spectator's standpoint1 is ,st4 ,michael with sword and on the right ,st4 ,gabriel with lilies4 ,in the middle of the sculptured ,reredos1 7above7 is represented ,christ holding the globe 7symbol of sovereignty71 and 7below7 the baptism of ,christ by ,john the ,baptist4 ,on the left of the figures are ,st4 ,ansgarius with crozier 7above7 and ,gustavus ,adolphus with sword 7below71 while on the right are ,st4 ,olaf with crown and scepter 7above7 and ,luther in gown with book 7below74 ,the ,altar and ,reredos were given by ,mrs4 ,julia ,grinnell ,bowdoin4 ,in the left 7northern7 wall of the ,sanctuary is a niche made of stones from ,worcester and ,ely ,cathedrals1 ,england4 ,on the upper surface of the stone bracket forming the shelf of the niche is carved 8,ely #acbj40 ,the stones from the ,lady ,chapel of ,worcester ,cathedral were given to the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine by ,canon ,george ,william ,douglas of ,new ,york who procured them from ,canon ,j4 ,m4 ,wilson1 ,archdeacon of ,worcester4#dg ,on the stones on either side of the recess is carved3 8,these ,stones from the ,cathedral of ,christ and ,st4 ,mary the ,virgin ,worcester1 ,england1 are ,memorials to ,william ,reed ,huntington ,sometime ,rector of ,all ,saints in ,worcester ,massachusetts40 ,three small ,windows of two lights each in the ,sanctuary contain 7from left to right7 representations of3 7#a7 ,st4 ,willibrod with mitre1 archiepiscopal staff1 and model of cathedral2 and ,st4 ,lucian with crown1 scepter and sword2 7#b7 ,st4 ,ansgarius with mitre and crozier2 and ,king ,olaf with crown and scepter2 and 7#c7 above the ,reredos1 ,st4 ,eric with crown and scepter2 and ,st4 ,wilifred with mitre and archiepiscopal staff4 ,the window spaces at the right of the latter are walled up because they are blanketed by the adjacent chapel4 ,in the two bays of the north aisle are two noble stained glass windows1 each having five lights and each light depicting two scenes4 ,in the left hand or western window1 the upper tier of scenes is chiefly devoted to ,old ,testament subjects as follows 7left to right73 ,adam and ,eve 7,gen4 ii4 #g-be72 the visit of the three angels to ,abraham bearing the promise of the birth of ,isaac 7,gen4 xviii4 #b-bb72 ,st4 ,michael fighting the dragon with a cross-shaped spear 7,rev4 xii4 #g72 ,abraham offering to sacrifice ,isaac 7,gen4 xxii4 #i-ac72 and ,jacob's dream of the ladder 7,gen4 xxviii4 #ab74 ,in the lower tier are five scenes prophetic of the birth of the ,forerunner of ,christ and of ,christ himself3 ,the angel's visit to ,zacharias to foretell the birth of ,john the ,baptist 7,luke i4 #ac72 the annunciation to the ,virgin ,mary of the coming birth of ,christ 7,luke i4 #bh72 ,st4 ,gabriel with lilies as ,angel of the ,annunciation 7,luke i4 #bh72 the angels' visit to the shepherds 7,luke ii4 #h-ab72 and the angel's visit to ,joseph1 husband of ,mary1 to foretell the birth of ,christ 7,mat4 i4 #bj74 ,the right hand or eastern window depicts ,acts of the ,apostles4 ,in its upper tier are3 ,st4 ,peter preaching to the ,disciples 7,acts i4 #ae72 ,st4 ,peter healing the lame man 7,acts iii4 #b-h72 ,st4 ,peter with key2 the stoning of ,st4 ,stephen 7,acts vii4 #ei72 and ,st4 ,philip baptizing the eunuch 7,acts viii4 #bf-ch72 and in the lower tier3 ,st4 ,peter raising ,tabitha 7,acts ix4 #dj72 the conversion of ,st4 ,paul's jailer at ,philippi 7,acts xvi4 #bc-ca72 ,st4 ,paul with sword2 ,st4 ,paul laying hands on the ,disciples 7,acts xix4 #f72 and ,st4 ,paul before ,felix 7,acts xxiv4 #bd-be74 ,all the windows are by ,messrs4 ,c4 ,e4 ,kempe ,co4 of ,london4 ,in two high niches in the south wall are ,statues of ,eric1 ,king of ,sweden 7left7 and ,canute1 ,king of the ,english1 ,danes and ,norwegians 7right27 and in a niche at the west end of the north aisle is a statue of ,king ,eskiel1 all crowned4 ,on the ,ambulatory side of the entrance bay are two statues3 ,john the ,baptist 7above7 and ,st4 ,ansgarius with crozier and mitre1 holding a small cathedral 7below74 ,the sculptures are by ,mr4 ,john ,evans of ,boston4 ,in a bay of the chapel temporarily rests a symbolic group executed in ,caen stone by ,miss ,malvina ,hoffman of ,new ,york1 entitled ,the ,sacrifice4 ,it is intended for ,harvard ,university at ,cambridge1 ,mass41 as a memorial of ,robert ,bacon1 sometime ,u4 ,s4 ,ambassador to ,france and a ,trustee of the ,university1 and of the ,harvard men who lost their lives in the ,world ,war4 ,it represents a dead ,crusader1 such as those who went from ,cambridge1 ,eng41 in the #abth century1 and gave their lives for an ideal1 lying upon a cross with his head pillowed in a woman's lap4 ,according to the traditional position of the feet of the ,crusader1 he was one of those who never reached ,jerusalem1 those who did so being traditionally represented with their feet crossed4 ,the woman may typify ,alma ,mater as well as those women who gave their best to a great cause and made their lonely grief their glory4 ,the two figures symbolize mutual sacrifice4 ,this chapel has an independent ,organ played from a movable console on the floor4 ,the chapel1 which is the gift of many persons1 was dedicated on ,april #c1 #aiah4 ,on one of the walls is inscribed3 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,sacrifice 8,the ,chapel of ,saint ,ansgarius ,consecrated ,april #c1 #aiah to the ,worship of ,almighty ,god and in ,loving ,memory of ,william ,reed ,huntington for #be ,years ,rector of ,grace ,church and for #bb ,years ,trustee of this ,cathedral40 ,the ,corner ,stone of the ,cathedral1 which was laid by ,bishop ,henry ,c4 ,potter on ,st4 ,john's ,day1 ,december #bg1 #ahib1 is imbedded in the northwestern pier of the ,chapel of ,st4 ,ansgarius and is only partly visible in the chamber under the chapel4 ,it is a block of gray ,quincy granite1 #d feet #d inches square and #b feet #d inches thick4 ,upon the angle of the visible corner are inscribed a ,greek cross and 8,i4 ,h4 ,s4 ,st4 ,john's ,day1 ,decem4 ,,xxvii1 ,a4 ,d4 #ahib40 ,it contains1 among other things1 a fragment of a ,spanish ,brick from ,hispaniola 7,hayti7 which was given to the ,cathedral by ,mr4 ,malcolm ,mc,lean1 ,senior ,warden of ,st4 ,andrew's ,church1 ,new ,york ,city1 and upon which is a silver plate inscribed3 8,from the ,ruin of the ,first ,christian ,church in the ,new ,world where the ,first ,church was ,erected by ,christopher ,columbus1 #adic4 ,isabella1 ,hispaniola40#dh ,the ,crypt ,the ,crypt1 located beneath the ,choir1 is closed1 pending work on other parts of the ,cathedral4 ,and on account of the consequent dampness1 the delicate furnishings were removed in ,september1 #aiaf1 and entrusted to the care of ,mr4 ,louis ,c4 ,tiffany1 who designed them1 and who has placed them temporarily in the private chapel on his large country estate at ,laurelton1 ,l4 ,i4 ,the ,crypt has a seating capacity of #ejj1 and the first services in the ,cathedral were held in it from ,january #h1 #ahii1 until the ,choir and ,crossing were opened on ,april #ai1 #aiaa4 ,in its furnished state1 it contains an ,altar1 ,reredos1 font1 lectern1 and five stained glass windows which were exhibited by ,mr4 ,tiffany at the ,world's ,fair at ,chicago in #ahic and which were called collectively the ,tiffany ,chapel4 ,the top and retable of the ,altar are of ,carrara marble1 while the front and sides are adorned with medallions of mother of pearl1 four smaller discs containing emblems of the four ,evangelists1 a central shield set with sapphires1 topazes and mother of pearl1 and #aej1jjj pieces of glass mosaic4 ,the ,reredos is of iridescent glass mosaic1 as are the twelve ,pillars back of the ,altar symbolizing the twelve ,apostles4 ,the general effect is ,byzantine4 ,the ,altar1 ,reredos1 font1 lectern and windows were given by ,mrs4 ,celia ,hermione ,wallace in memory of her son4 ,the following interments have been made in the ,crypt3 ,the ,very ,rev4 ,william ,m4 ,grosvenor1 ,d4,d41 ,dean of the ,cathedral1 ,december #ac1 #aiaf2 the ,right ,rev4 ,david ,h4 ,greer1 ,d4,d41 eighth ,bishop of ,new ,york1 ,may #bc1 #aiai2 and the ,right ,rev4 ,charles ,s4 ,burch1 ,d4,d41 ninth ,bishop of ,new ,york1 ,december #bc1 #aibj4 ,summary ,dimensions ,following are the principal dimensions of the ,cathedral4 ,as cathedrals are compared in size by their areas1 the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,john the ,divine will rank1 after ,st4 ,peter's at ,rome and ,seville ,cathedral1 the third largest in the world4 ,length ,western ,towers #ej feet ,nave #bbe 0 ,crossing #ajj 0 ,choir #agj 0 ,st4 ,saviour's ,chapel #ef 0 ,total length #fja 0 ,width ,west ,front 7including buttresses7 #bbj feet ,nave and ,aisles 7exterior7 #acb 0 ,transepts #cae 0 ,crossing #ajj 0 ,choir #ef 0 ,ambulatory #bj 0 ,height ,western ,towers #bfe feet ,ridge of ,nave ,roof #age 0 ,nave ,vaults 7above floor7 #acj 0 ,choir ,vaults 7above floor7 #abg 0 ,crossing ,vault 7above floor7 #bjj 0 ,central ,fleche #dgj 0 ,final ,cross 7#cj feet7 #ejj 0 ,final ,cross above tide-water #fca 0 ,area ,area of ,cathedral #aji1jhb square feet ,bishops of ,new ,york ,following is a list of the ,bishops of ,new ,york since the erection of the ,diocese3 ,first3 ,the ,right ,rev4 ,samuel ,provoost1 ,d4,d42 born ,february #bd1 #agdb2 ,bishop of ,new ,york #aghg-ahae2 died ,september #f1 #ahae4 ,second3 ,the ,right ,rev4 ,benjamin ,moore2 born ,november #e1 #agdh2 ,assistant ,bishop #ahja-ahae2 ,bishop of ,new ,york #ahae-ahaf2 died ,february #bi1 #ahaf4 ,third3 ,the ,right ,rev4 ,john ,henry ,hobart1 ,d4,d42 born ,september #ad1 #agge2 ,assistant ,bishop #ahaa-ahaf2 ,bishop of ,new ,york #ahaf-ahcj2 died ,september #ab1 #ahcj4 ,fourth3 ,the ,right ,rev4 ,benjamin ,tredwell ,onderdonk2 born ,july #ae1 #agia2 ,bishop of ,new ,york1 active #ahcj-ahde1 inactive #ahde-ahfa2 died ,april #cj1 #ahfa4 ,fifth3 ,the ,right ,rev4 ,jonathan ,mayhew ,wainwright1 ,d4,d41 ,d4,c4,l42 born ,february #bd1 #agib2 ,provisional ,bishop #aheb-ahed2 died ,september #ba1 #ahed4 ,sixth3 ,the ,right ,rev4 ,horatio ,potter1 ,d4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,oxon42 born ,february #i1 #ahjb2 ,provisional ,bishop #ahed-ahfa2 ,bishop of ,new ,york #ahfa-ahhg2 died ,january #b1 #ahhg4 ,seventh3 ,the ,right ,rev4 ,henry ,codman ,potter1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d42 born ,may #be1 #ahcd2 ,assistant ,bishop #ahhc-ahhg2 ,bishop of ,new ,york #ahhg-aijh2 died ,july #ba1 #aijh4 ,eighth3 ,the ,right ,rev4 ,david ,hummell ,greer1 ,d4,d41 ,s4,t4,d41 ,,ll4,d42 born ,march #bj1 #ahdd2 ,bishop ,coadjutor #aijd-aijh2 ,bishop of ,new ,york #aijh-aiai2 died ,may #ai1 #aiai4 ,ninth3 ,the ,right ,rev4 ,charles ,sumner ,burch1 ,d4,d41 ,l4,h4,d41 ,,ll4,d42 born ,june #cj1 #ahee2 ,bishop ,suffragan #aiaa-aiai2 ,bishop of ,new ,york #aiai-aibj2 died ,december #bj1 #aibj4 ,tenth3 ,the ,right ,rev4 ,william ,thomas ,manning1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,c4,l42 born ,may #ab1 #ahff2 ,bishop of ,new ,york #aiba4 ,part ,three ,other ,buildings1 ,etc4 ,the ,bishop's ,house ,the ,bishop's ,house 7,a4 on plan7 is in ,french ,gothic architecture of the chateau type1 with lofty roof and high dormer windows1 and is built of ,germantown micaceous schist4 ,it is designed to be connected with the ,cathedral by cloisters1 and is connected with the ,deanery by a vaulted porch above which is to be built the ,bishop's private chapel4 ,the extreme outside dimensions of the ,bishop's ,house are #gg by #abf feet1 including the porch4 ,the architects were ,messrs4 ,cram ,ferguson4#di ,the occupants of the house have been ,bishop ,greer from the time of its opening in #aiad until his death ,may #ai1 #aiai2 ,bishop ,burch from his installation ,october #bh1 #aiai1 until his death ,december #bj1 #aibj2 and ,bishop ,manning since his consecration on ,may #aa1 #aiba4 ,the ,deanery ,the ,deanery 7,b4 on plan7 adjoins the ,bishop's ,house as above mentioned4 ,it is by the same architect1 is in the same style but of a more domestic type1 forms a part of the same architectural composition1 and is built of the same kind of stone4 ,it is not so lofty a structure as the ,bishop's ,house1 but has many interesting details1 particularly on the southern faade4 ,its extreme outside measurements are about #gi by #ic feet4 ,the late ,dean ,grosvenor occupied the ,deanery from the time of its erection until his death ,december #i1 #aiaf1 and was succeeded by ,dean ,robbins in ,june1 #aiag4 ,a tablet in the porch is inscribed3 8,the ,deanery erected in ,faithful ,remembrance of ,clinton ,ogilvie #ahch-aijj by his wife ,helen ,slade ,ogilvie ,a4 ,d4 #aiac40 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,bishop',s ,,house ,the ,choir ,school ,the ,choir ,school 7,c4 on ,plan7 has a special interest for everyone who goes to the ,cathedral1 for here are educated and trained the boys who sing in the ,cathedral services4 ,the school was founded by ,bishop ,h4 ,c4 ,potter in #aija and was formerly located in the ,old ,synod ,house4 ,the present building1 erected in #aiab and built of the same kind of stone as the ,bishop's ,house and ,deanery1 is in the ,english ,collegiate ,gothic style of architecture2 is three stories high1 and has extreme outside dimensions of #hc by #aej feet4 ,messrs4 ,walter ,cook and ,winthrop ,a4 ,welch were the architects4 ,the building contains offices1 a general school room which is equipped with apparatus for both stereopticon and moving pictures1 a choir rehearsal room with stalls1 individual rooms for vocal and instrumental practice1 a fine large common room with open fire-place for reading and social intercourse1 dining room1 kitchen1 dormitories1 a big gymnasium1 a sick room to which a boy is transferred upon the first sign of any illness1 etc4 ,accommodations are provided for #dj resident scholars and #bj day scholars4 ,their musical training is under the personal direction of the organist and ,master of the ,choristers1 and their general education under the direction of the ,head ,master and staff of under-masters4 ,a sympathetic ,house ,mother looks out for the personal wants of the boys and directs the domestic service2 and competent physicians and trained nurses are in attendance when necessary4 ,boys are admitted to the school at the age of #i and remain until their voices change1 which is usually between the ages of #ac and #ad4 ,they come from all parts of the ,united ,states and possessions1 two boys recently having come from ,alaska4 ,an applicant is first received on probation1 and if he manifests a good character and disposition1 and gives promise of a good voice1 he is accepted as a chorister4 ,until they become full choristers1 vested with cassock and cotta1 probationers sit in separate choir stalls in the ,cathedral services and wear only their black student gowns4 ,during their residence at the school1 the boys are under strict but gentle discipline and have the finest education and musical training that can be given them4 ,their board1 education and musical training are free1 in return for which they give their services as choristers4 ,when they leave the school1 they are followed by the interest of the ,cathedral organizations which endeavor to secure scholarships for their higher education4 ,the men of the choir1 of whom there are about #bj1 do not reside at the ,choir ,school4 ,the usual number of choristers1 men and boys1 in the ,cathedral services is about #fj1 except during the summer vacation when the number is somewhat reduced4 ,there is probably no finer choir school in the world1 and the ,cathedral music is the highest expression of this form of musical art in this country4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,deanery ,illustration3 ,,the ,,choir ,,school ,the ,choir ,school building1 which cost nearly #ahj1jjj1 is the gift of ,mrs4 ,j4 ,jarrett ,blodgett in memory of her father ,mr4 ,john ,hinman ,sherwood4 ,at ,eastertide1 #aiad1 the late ,commodore ,frederick ,g4 ,bourne1 who had sung as a boy in ,trinity ,church and in later years in the ,church of the ,incarnation1 endowed the school with #ejj1jjj2 and by his will1 probated ,march #ae1 #aiai1 gave #ajj1jjj to the ,cathedral toward the building of the ,nave and about the same amount to the ,choir ,school endowment4 ,members of the ,diocesan ,auxiliary to the ,cathedral contributed generously toward the furnishing of the school4 ,a tablet in the porch reads3 8,in ,faithful ,memory of ,john ,hinman ,sherwood ,just ,upright ,true ,erected by his daughter #aiab40 ,st4 ,faith's ,house ,st4 ,faith's ,house 7,d4 on plan7 is the home of the ,new ,york ,training ,school for ,deaconesses1 an independent corporation which was founded in #ahij by the late ,rev4 ,william ,reed ,huntington1 ,d4,d41 and which occupies a site in the ,cathedral ,close by permission of the ,trustees of the ,cathedral4 ,the building of ,indiana limestone and brick is in ,tudor ,gothic architecture1 and measures #fh by #acg feet on the outside4 ,it is the gift of ,archdeacon ,charles ,c4 ,tiffany in memory of his wife4 ,the architects were ,messrs4 ,heins ,la,farge4 ,the ,synod ,house ,the ,synod ,house1 7,e4 on plan71 standing in the southwestern angle of the ,close on the corner of ,cathedral parkway and ,amsterdam avenue1 is the meeting place of the ,diocesan ,convention and other secular gatherings of the ,diocese4 ,it also contains the ,bishop's office and the offices of the ,suffragan ,bishops1 the ,rt4 ,rev4 ,arthur ,selden ,lloyd1 ,d4,d41 and the ,rt4 ,rev4 ,herbert ,shipman1 ,d4,d4 ,it is of ,kingwood4 ,w4 ,va41 sandstone with pink tinges1 quite unlike any other stone in the ,cathedral group4 ,the ,architecture is pure ,french ,gothic of the #acth century1 ,messrs4 ,cram ,ferguson being the architects4 ,its outside dimensions are #gc by #aga feet4 ,the ,western ,entrance is a fine example of a mediaeval recessed porch in its architecture and an interesting illustration of the progress of ,civilization and ,christianity in its sculptures4 ,it contains #dc figures in the round and a relief of #ab figures in the tympanum4 ,the key-note to the composition is the relief in the ,tympanum representing ,christ sending out his ,disciples to baptize and teach all the nations of the world4 ,beneath this is the inscription3 8,all power is given unto me in heaven and earth ,go ye therefore1 and teach all nations1 baptizing them in the name of the ,father1 and of the ,son1 and of the ,holy ,ghost2 teaching them to observe all things whatsoever ,i have commanded you2 and lo ,i am with you always even unto the end of the world0 7,mat4 xxviii4 #ah-bj74 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,synod ,,house ,the archivolt outside of the tympanum is composed of three ranges of ,gothic niches in the voussoirs1 containing #cf little figures in the round4 ,the outer range represents #ad ancient and modern ,apostles of ,christianity as follows1 beginning at the lowest figure on the left-hand side and reading upward to the center1 and thence downward to the lowest right-hand figure3 7#a7 ,count ,zinzendorf1 #agjj-agfj1 ,german reformer1 founder of ,moravian ,brethren1 missionary to ,american ,indians2 7#b7 ,st4 ,boniface1 #fhj-gee1 ,apostle of ,germany2 7#c7 ,st4 ,francis ,xavier1 #aejf-aeeb1 ,apostle of the ,indies1 one of the founders of the ,society of ,jesus2 7#d7 ,st4 ,denis1 #c;d century1 ,apostle of the ,gauls1 ,patron ,saint of ,france2 7#e7 ,st4 ,olaf1 #iie-ajcj1 ,patron ,saint and ,king of ,norway2 7#f7 ,st4 ,augustine1 died #fjd1 missionary to ,britain1 first ,archbishop of ,canterbury2 7#g7 ,innocent of ,moscow1 #agig-ahgi1 ,apostle of ,alaska and ,kamchatka1 ,archbishop of ,moscow2 7#h7 ,st4 ,patrick1 circ4 #cgb-dfj1 ,apostle and ,patron ,saint of ,ireland2 7#i7 ,john ,eliot1 #afjd-afij1 ,apostle of ,american ,indians1 translator of ,bible into ,indian language2 7#aj7 ,st4 ,willibrod1 #feh-gci1 ,apostle of the ,frisians1 ,archbishop of ,utrecht2 7#aa7 ,st4 ,cyril1 #hbg-hfi1 ,apostle of the ,slavs1 inventor of the ,cyrillic alphabet2 7#ab7 ,david ,livingstone1 #ahac-ahgc1 ,british explorer and missionary in ,africa2 7#ac7 ,st4 ,columba1 #eba-eig1 ,apostle of ,caledonia2 7#ad7 ,charles ,george ,gordon1 8,gordon ,pasha10 #ahcc-ahhe1 ,british ,general1 promoter of ,christianity in ,china and ,egypt4 ,the #ab figures in the middle range represent the ,arts and ,sciences4 ,in the same order they are3 7#a7 ,natural ,science1 man with microscope2 7#b7 ,sculpture1 man with mallet and chisel2 7#c7 ,medicine1 man with book and skull2 7#d7 ,literature1 woman reading a book2 7#e7 ,chemistry1 woman holding aloft a retort2 7#f7 ,industrial ,art1 man with vase2 7#g7 ,painting1 man with palette2 7#h7 ,astronomy1 man with globe2 7#i7 ,mathematics1 man wearing spectacles and gown1 holding cone and truncated pyramid2 7#aj7 ,physics1 woman with telephone2 7#aa7 ,music1 man with violoncello2 7#ab7 ,architecture1 man#ej holding model of building4 ,the #aj figures in the innermost range represent the ,crafts and ,industries1 as follows3 7#a7 ,bookbinding1 man making a book2 7#b7 ,agriculture1 man sowing seed2 7#c7 ,metal ,industry1 man pouring molten metal from ladle2 7#d7 ,textile ,industry1 woman with distaff and shuttle2 7#e7 ,navigation1 sailor holding telescope with rope at feet2 7#f7 ,building1 man laying brick2 7#g7 ,engineering1 man holding tape measure2 7#h7 ,fishing1 sailor with seine2 7#i7 ,mining1 man with pickaxe and miner's cap2 7#aj7 ,shoemaking1 cobbler at his last4 ,below these1 in niches in the splays and central pilaster of the door-way1 are #g larger figures representing ,seven ,famous ,christian ,rulers who have carried out the injunction in the tympanum1 as follows1 7left to right73 7#a7 ,emperor ,constantine1 once ruler of the ,roman ,world and founder of ,constantinople1 who proclaimed religious toleration and presided over the council which adopted the ,nicene ,creed2 7#b7 ,charlemagne1 ,king of the ,franks1 ,emperor of the revived western ,roman empire1 who introduced ,christianity into conquered countries1 maintained popular assemblies1 and promoted science1 art and letters2 7#c7 ,alexis1 one of the ablest ,emperors of ,byzantium and friend of the ,crusaders2 7#d1 in center7 ,george ,washington1 to whose character as ,christian soldier1 statesman and first ,president of the ,united ,states1 attaches local interest from the fact that he commanded the ,american troops in the ,battle of ,harlem ,heights which was fought partly on the ground occupied by the ,cathedral ,close2 7#e7 ,gustavus ,adolphus1 ,king of ,sweden1 one of the greatest generals1 who1 with his army in ,germany1 saved the cause of ,protestantism in the ,thirty ,years ,war2 7#f7 ,st4 ,louis1 ,king of ,france1 the most distinguished monarch of his age1 who was noted for his piety1 justice and mercy1 and who died on a ,crusade2 and 7#g7 ,alfred the ,great1 ,king of ,wessex1 who bore the brunt of the ,danish invasions and was a promoter of education and ,christianity4 ,the sculptures are by ,john ,evans ,co4 of ,boston4 ,the ,interior decoration of the high roof and open timbers of the truss-work in polychrome is typical of the ,middle ,ages and the wood panelling is a reminder of #aeth century work4 ,the latter is by ,messrs4 ,wm4 ,f4 ,ross ,co41 of ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,the grisaille windows are by ,mr4 ,charles ,j4 ,connick of ,boston4 ,the main hall1 which seats #hjj on the floor and #djj in the gallery1 has a large pipe organ built by the ,ernest ,m4 ,skinner ,co4 of ,boston4 ,the ,undercroft 7basement7 is equipped for use as a refectory4 ,the building cost about #cej1jjj4 ,in the main vestibule1 over the outer door-way1 is this inscription3 8,to the ,glory of ,god and for the ,service of ,his ,people ,this ,synod ,house was ,given in the year ,a4 ,d4 #aiab by ,john ,pierpont ,morgan and ,william ,bayard ,cutting40 ,open ,air ,pulpit ,the ,open ,air ,pulpit 7,f4 on plan7 standing in the midst of the ,cathedral ,close1 is in the form of an open-work ,gothic spire #dj feet high1 built of ,daytona stone4 ,on its four sides are the usual symbols of the four ,evangelists4 ,the pulpit was designed by ,messrs4 ,howells and ,stokes and was presented by ,miss ,olivia ,phelps ,stokes in memory of her sister ,miss ,caroline ,phelps ,stokes4 ,it was suggested by the outdoor services held here before the ,choir and ,crossing were ready1 and by the open air pulpit attached to the cathedral church at ,perugia4 ,organizations ,the following organizations of men and women aid in the ,cathedral work3 ,the ,diocesan ,auxiliary to the ,cathedral3 ,president1 ,mrs4 ,henry ,w4 ,munroe2 ,vice-,presidents1 ,mrs4 ,john ,greenough1 ,mrs4 ,haley ,fiske1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,m4 ,v4 ,hoffman2 ,secretary1 ,mrs4 ,louis ,mansfield ,ogden2 ,assistant ,secretary1 ,mrs4 ,francis ,c4 ,huntington2 ,treasurer1 ,mrs4 ,harold ,f4 ,hadden4 ,the ,cathedral ,league3 ,president1 ,mr4 ,john ,s4 ,rogers2 ,vice-,president1 ,hon4 ,thomas ,c4 ,t4 ,crain2 ,treasurer1 ,mr4 ,john ,a4 ,hance2 ,secretary1 ,dr4 ,john ,b4 ,walker4 ,the ,laymen's ,club3 ,president1 ,mr4 ,theophilus ,barratt2 ,vice-,presidents1 ,messrs4 ,william ,w4 ,borman1 ,henry ,m4 ,sperry1 ,robert ,livingston ,stedman2 ,treasurer1 ,mr4 ,charles ,p4 ,dietz2 ,secretary1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,hardwick ,stagg4 ,organized #aijh1 incorporated #aibj1 8to promote and stimulate interest in the influence1 growth and completion of the ,cathedral2 to bring the ,cathedral and its work more completely within the knowledge of the community2 and to promote the general welfare of the ,cathedral40 ,among its activities are the publication of this ,guide ,book and the ,cathedral post-cards1 the improvement of the ,cathedral grounds1 the assisting of a choir boy to complete in some well-known preparatory school his preparation for college1 the training of the ,cathedral ,troop of ,boy ,scouts1 the giving of free lectures1 the ushering in the ,cathedral1 etc4 ,the ,cathedral ,ushers are members of the ,laymen's ,club as stipulated in a resolution of the ,cathedral ,trustees passed ,april #be1 #aiaa1 and are designated from week to week by the ,canon ,sacrist4 ,the badge of the ,ushers is a vesica-shaped#ea gold medallion1 having in the center an episcopal mitre1 surrounded by the legend 8,ecclesia ,cathedralis ,s4 ,johannis ,theologi20 suspended by a purple ribbon from a gold bar bearing the word 8,usher40 ,guide ,book ,copies of this ,guide ,book may be procured at the ,cathedral from the ,verger or the ,ushers1 or will be sent by mail upon request addressed to the ,verger 7p4 #bc74 ,in stiff paper covers #ej cents 7by mail #fj cents72 in purple cloth covers stamped with gold #a4jj 7by mail #a4aj74 ,,footnotes #a ,the service on ,nov4 #bd1 when the flags of #ab liberated nationalities were carried in the procession1 and that on ,thanksgiving ,day when the flags of #bg allied nations were carried1 were two of the most moving religious services ever held in this country4 ,the liberated peoples represented in the former were the ,armenian1 ,albanian1 ,czecho-,slovak1 ,jugo-,slav1 ,greek ,irredentist1 ,italian ,irredentist1 ,lithuanian1 ,polish1 ,rumanian1 ,uhro-,rusin1 ,ukranian1 and ,zionist4 #b ,the quality of divinity appertaining only to the ,deity4 #c ,this was a stone tower similar to the one so well preserved in ,central ,park4 ,the remains of another are at the northern end of ,morningside ,park4 #d ,see note on page #aaf4 #e ,the pastoral staff was presented to ,bishop ,manning in #aibc by the ,bishop1 clergy and laity of the ,diocese of ,london4 ,see reference to the ,diocese of ,london on page #bd4 #f ,the processional cross1 a memorial of the late ,walter ,d4 ,davidge1 ,chairman of ,ushers1 is overlaid with pure gold1 and mounted upon a carved mahogany staff4 ,in its center is a large topaz jewel with many facets4 ,it was made by ,messrs4 ,j4 ,r4 ,lamb4 #g ,mr4 ,heins was born ,may #bd1 #ahfj1 in ,philadelphia1 ,penn41 and died ,september #be1 #aijg1 at ,mohegan ,lake1 ,n4 ,y41 where there is a church erected in his memory4 #h ,morningside ,heights are so named because they front eastward4 #i ,see description of corner-stone on page #ajj4 #aj ,this is true in both the natural and the spiritual worlds4 ,the oak grows more slowly than the pine2 and the moral achievements which are worth the most and last the longest are the hardest to accomplish4 #aa ,the figures of the ,virgin and the ,child suggest the fact that the ,chapel of ,st4 ,saviour occupies the position usually given to the ,lady ,chapel in ,european cathedrals4 #ab ,the diagonal cross of ,st4 ,andrew symbolizes not only the mode of his martyrdom but also humility4 ,the legend is that when condemned to death1 he asked to be nailed to a cross of a form different from the ,saviour's1 as he was not worthy to die on the same kind4 #ac ,the usual symbol of ,st4 ,bartholomew1 the knife with which he was flayed alive1 and that of ,st4 ,matthew1 the money bag1 indicating his occupation before he was called1 are not apparent4 #ad ,there is a tradition that ,st4 ,luke painted the first portrait of ,christ4 ,pictures of the ,madonna attributed to ,luke are not uncommon in southern ,italy4 ,there is one such in the ,cathedral of ,,ss4 ,peter and ,paul at ,citta ,vecchia1 ,malta4 ,see article entitled 8,knights and ,sights of ,malta0 in ,harper's ,magazine for ,july1 #aibc1 p4 #aei4 #ae and are the ,greek letters iota sigma and chi sigma1 7uncial form17 being the first and last letters in each case of the ,greek words for ,jesus ,christ4 ,the letters are read together and spell the ,greek word which means 8conquers40 ,mrs4 ,jenner1 in her 8,christian ,symbolism10 says that this inscription 8is stamped upon every altar-bread of the ,orthodox ,eastern ,church1 and it occurs on every eikon of our ,lord40 #af ,what is here informally called the central aisle is sometimes called by architects the ,nave1 to distinguish it from the parallel passages called aisles4 #ag ,these sculptures are surpassingly beautiful4 ,the ,supper at ,emmaus has a particularly dramatic quality4 ,note the amazement of the two ,disciples as they recognize the ,saviour after his crucifixion1 their attitudes and facial expressions1 and the vein standing out on the neck of the one in the foreground4 #ah ,the use of the grape-vine to symbolize ,christ dates from the very beginning of the ,christian era4 ,a silver chalice found in ,antioch by ,arabs in #aiaj and believed to date from the #ast century1 is covered with a grape-vine of twelve branches in the midst of which are figures of ,christ and the writers of the ,gospels and ,epistles 7,see ,n4 ,y4 ,evening ,sun of ,jan4 #c1 #aibj1 and ,n4 ,y4 ,times of ,may #ad1 #aibb47 #ai ,these symbols1 supposed to be derived from the ,revelation of ,st4 ,john 7iv4 #g7 and the prophecy of ,ezekiel 7i4 #aj71 are variously interpreted4 ,one explanation of each follows3 ,the man or cherub is given to ,st4 ,matthew because he dwells on the human side of ,christ2 the lion to ,st4 ,mark because he is called the historian of the resurrection1 and ancient naturalists believed that the lion was born inanimate and came to life three days after birth2 the ox1 the emblem of sacrifice1 to ,st4 ,luke because he dwells on the priesthood of ,christ2 and the eagle to ,st4 ,john because he soared in the spirit to heaven and saw ,god4 #bj ,these ,romanesque features are part of the original design which was subsequently abandoned4 ,there is a plan for changing them to ,gothic4 #ba ,there is much ambiguity in the use by architects of terms to indicate the sub-divisions of the eastern limb of a cathedral which is called comprehensively the ,choir4 ,the designations here used--the ,choir proper1 the ,presbytery1 and the ,sanctuary--are sufficient for present purposes without confusing the reader with conflicting definitions4 #bb ,for details of intentional departures from absolute levels1 and from regularity of height and spacing of arches1 see 8,temperamental ,architecture0 in 8,the ,new ,york ,architect0 for ,april1 #aiaa4 #bc ,see ,abbott's 8,history of ,king ,alfred0 for legends concerning the cakes4 ,one is1 that ,alfred1 when a fugitive from the ,danes1 was hiding one day in a peasant's cottage1 and while sitting by the fire-place mending his bow1 he was requested by the house-wife to watch her cakes which were baking4 ,absorbed in thoughts of his kingdom1 he forgot the cakes1 and for his neglect was roundly scolded by the woman who little realized his character4 #bd ,st4 ,francis1 founder of the ,franciscan ,order1 literally interpreted the text 8,go ye into all the world and preach the ,gospel to every creature0 7,mark xvi4 #ae7 and a famous fresco by ,giotto in the church of ,san ,francesco1 at ,assisi1 represents him preaching to the birds4 #be 8,cathedral ,choirs 444 have for ages been divided into two portions facing each other and respectively named ,decani1 or the side of the ,dean1 444 and ,cantoris1 or the side of the ,cantor0 or ,precentor4--,hunt's ,concise ,history of ,music4 #bf ,brother of ,horatio ,potter and father of ,henry ,codman ,potter1 ,bishops of ,new ,york4 #bg ,see reference to the symbols of the four ,evangelists on page #dd4 #bh ,see page #ic for anecdote of the ,dove of ,peace connected with this window4 #bi ,see page #gd following4 #cj ,the poetic beauty of this window tempts one to re-read ,milton's 8,paradise ,lost40 ,the beautiful legend of ,st4 ,raphael1 the friendly traveller1 a favorite subject of art1 is to be found in the ,book of ,tobit1 in the ,apochrypha4 #ca ,uncle of ,bishop ,henry ,codman ,potter1 seventh ,bishop of ,new ,york1 whose tomb is in the ,chapel of ,st4 ,james4 #cb ,the symbolism applicable to ,bishop ,potter's work is that of the familiar adage1 8,great oaks from little acorns grow40 #cc ,the congregational singing1 always a feature of the ,cathedral services1 is remarkable on these occasions1 especially with the colored congregations1 among whom are often heard voices of exceptional quality4 #cd ,concerning the - symbol1 see page #cd4 ,concerning the ,ichthus symbol1 see page #aaf4 #ce ,these letters ihc and the corresponding capitals 7iota1 eta1 sigma17 are the first two and last letters of the ,greek word for ,jesus4 ,they are frequently associated with the letters 7chi1 rho1 sigma17 the first two and last letters of the word for ,christ4 ,when converted into the ,roman form of ihs or ,,ihs1 they are sometimes construed to be the initials of the words ,jesus ,hominum ,salvator 7,jesus ,saviour of ,men74 #cf ,this rare representation of ,god the ,father in human form is after examples developed during and confined almost entirely to the #adth-#afth centuries4 ,the triangular nimbus is peculiarly the symbol of ,god the ,father4 ,note description of ,reredos4 #cg ,grisaille1 from the ,french 8gris0 meaning 8gray10 so-called on account of the grizzled or grayish brown glass often employed4 ,windows in geometrical designs are also called pattern windows4 ,other examples of grisaille windows are those in ,st4 ,columba ,chapel4 #ch ,the designer has taken artistic license with these colors4 ,strictly1 the arms of the ,city of ,rheims are3 ,on a silver field1 a green wreath of oak and laurel with red fruit2 on a blue chief three fleurs de lis of gold4 #ci ,strictly1 the arms of the ,archbishop of ,rheims are3 ,on a blue field sprinkled with golden fleurs de lis1 a silver cross over all4 #dj ,in #acgf1 ,charles ,v4 fixed the number of fleurs de lis in the royal arms at three 8to symbolize the ,holy ,trinity40 ,some persons consider that the three leaves of the conventional fleur de lis also symbolize the ,trinity4 #da ,this representation of the ,transfiguration1 like that in the reredos of the ,chapel of ,saint ,james described on page #ga1 is after ,raphael's last work1 the original of which is in the ,vatican4 ,in both cases the poses of the six figures have been adapted to the spaces occupied4 #db ,in the following table ac4 indicates date of accession to title4 ,some of the dates here and on page #hf are only approximate4 #dc ,only the nimbus of the ,deity is ornamented with the cross4 ,in a front view1 but three arms of the cross appear2 and sometimes these are represented as rays of light4 ,a few writers1 including ,g4 ,j4 ,french and ,w4 ,g4 ,audsley1 contend that the three rays on the nimbus of the ,deity have no connection with the cross1 but symbolize the ,trinity4 ,the similarity of the floriated terminals to the ,french fleur de lis has no special meaning1 the real significance being1 as stated on page #gd the flowering or productiveness of the ,christian religion4 #dd ,a ,bishop's crozier is usually in the form of a pastoral staff1 or ornate shepherd's crook2 an ,archbishop's staff has a cross instead of a crook at the upper end2 and a papal staff has a double cross at the upper end4 #de ,the founder of a see is usually represented holding the model of a cathedral4 #df ,as an illustration of a peace legend connected with a ,european church may be mentioned that of the ,golden ,virgin of the basilica of ,notre ,dame de ,brebieres1 in ,albert1 ,france4 ,in the bombardment of #aiad1 the figure of the ,virgin and ,child which surmounted the spire was thrown over and remained suspended at right angles for over three years2 during which time the belief sprang up locally that when the ,golden ,virgin fell1 peace would come4 ,the ,virgin fell during the bombardment of #aiah1 and peace ensued a few months later4 #dg ,some years ago1 when ,canon ,douglas was visiting ,worcester ,cathedral1 ,england1 ,canon ,wilson pointed to a spot in the wall where an ancient carved stone had been replaced by a modern stone1 and said3 8,a good while ago a man of the name of ,huntington1 who introduced himself as ,rector of a church in ,worcester1 ,mass41 begged me to give him a bit of carved stone as a symbol of the ties between ,england and ,america40 ,this led ,canon ,douglas to ask for a similar gift to be placed in ,st4 ,ansgarius' ,chapel1 which is a memorial of ,dr4 ,huntington1 in a ,house of ,god where ,englishmen and ,americans often meet and where members of the ,daughter ,church have constant occasion to recall their indebtedness to the ,mother ,church of ,england4 #dh ,the ,corner ,stone also contains a ,bible1 a ,prayer ,book1 a ,hymnal1 ,journals of the ,diocesan ,conventions #ahhb-ahib1 ,journals of the ,general ,conventions #ahhi-ahib1 ,centennial ,history of the ,diocese of ,new ,york1 several church periodicals1 three different almanacs for #ahic1 ,catalogue of the ,general ,theological ,seminary and ,st4 ,stephen's ,college #ahib-ahic1 ,new ,york daily papers of ,december #bg1 #ahib1 the form of service for laying the ,corner ,stone1 names of the ,cathedral ,trustees1 several charges and addresses delivered by ,bishop ,potter on various occasions1 letters from the ,bishop to the clergy and others concerning the ,cathedral1 the badge and rules of prayer of the ,brotherhood of ,st4 ,andrew1 medal of the ,missionary ,society1 lists of principal officers of the ,united ,states1 ,n4 ,y4 ,state and ,n4 ,y4 ,city governments1 and a list of the objects placed in the stone4 #di ,for details1 see description in the ,architectural ,record for ,august1 #aiad4 #ej ,ralph ,adams ,cram4 #ea ,several ideas associated with the fish-shape of the vesica piscis have caused it to be recognized as a symbol of ,christ4 ,in an ingenious rebus of a very early date1 the five letters of the ,greek word for 8fish0 1 form the initials of the ,greek words 1 1 1 which mean 8,jesus ,christ1 ,son of ,god1 ,saviour40