,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fam\s ,,j]sey ,,c[  
8,,eurotas0 7#b4ded74                   
7,frontispiece47                        
,,keep+ ,,"o ,,c[4             ,,be+ ,,!
 ,,exp]i5ce ,,( ,a ,,numb] ,,(          
,,practical ,,writ]s1                   
,,9 ,a ,,cle> ,,& ,,cond5s$ ,,=m1       
,,^u ,,!                                
,,managem5t ,,( ,a ,,s+le ,,mil* ,,c[4  
,,illu/rat$4                            
,illu/ration                            
,,new ,,york3                           
,,orange ,,judd ,,company1              
#gea ,,broadway4                        
#ahhd4         ,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act (
 ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahhj1 by !         
,,orange ,,judd ,,company1         ,9 ! 
,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 at    
,wa%+ton4          ,,table ,,(          
,,cont5ts4        ,absorb5ts 9 ! ,/able1
 #ad1 #ag1 #ai1 #bf1 #ee1 #ge1 #hj1 #id1
 #ii1 #abg      ,acc\nts1 ,dr4 & ,cr41  
#aa1 #ca1 #ch1 #de1 #aaa1 #aac1 #aca    
,ailm5ts1 #bh1 #hi1 #aae      ,alfalfa  
,clov]1 #ig      ,cut six times1 #ih    

,arti*okes1 ,j]usalem1 #fd-gg           
,fe$+1 #fi1 #ge      ,nutritive ,value  
(1 #ge1 #gf        ,b>ley z an ,autumn  
,crop1 #ajg      ,b>n--,see ,/able      
,b>re ,sy/em ( ,fe$+1 #aje      ,butt]1 
#ad      ,buy+ ,fe$1 #gh1 #ic           
,brew]'s ,gra9s1 #i1 #aji1 #acj         
,calf1 ,c>e & ,disposal ( !1 #ab1 #ba1  
#bg1 #bh1 #eg1 #fb1 #ga1 #hi1 #aai      
,rations =1 #ba1 #bh      ,sc\rs 91 #bh 
,tea*+ to ,dr9k1 #ab1 #bb1 #bh          
,clov]1 ,:ite & ,r$1 comp>$1 #ajd       
,corn 7,indian7 = ,fodd]1 #ab1 #ag1 #bj1
 #be1 #bi1 #ca1 #dd1 #fj      ,compo/   
,heap1 #ai1 #ha      ,c[1 ,c>e at ,calv+
 ,"t1 #ba1 #bg1 #da1 #ej1 #gb1 #hc1 #hg1
 #aad      ,c>d+1 #cg1 #ef1 #hd         
,dry+ ,(f1 #ad1 #cg1 #hg      ,fat at   
,calv+1 #aaj1 #aad      ,g5]al          
,treatm5t1 #i1 #ag1 #cj1 #cg1 #ej1 #if1 
#ih1 #aai      ,h[ to ,select a1 #hj    
,kept 9 ! ,nor?1 #i      ,kept 9 ,new   
,york1 #gh1 #ii1 #abc      ,kept 9 !    
,s\?1 #be      ,kept 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 
#ce1 #ib1 #ajc1 #aaj      ,kept 9 !     

,t[n1 #ajh1 #acj      ,kept 9 ,ohio1 #ec
      ,kept 9 ,p5nsylvania1 #af1 #fd    
,kept 9 ,indiana1 #aai      ,kept on    
,cape ,cod1 #ib      ,kept 9 ,cali=nia1 
#ig      ,kept 9 ,connecticut1 #aaj     
,po9ts ( a ,good1 #i      ,rations =1   
#bi1 #cj1 #cg1 #dc      ,/abl$ 9 ,t[n1  
#ajh      ,yield ( ,milk1 #ae1 #db1 #eg1
 #gb1 #aad1 #acb      ,c[ ,doctors1 #hi 
,diseases--,see ,ailm5ts      ,dra9+    
,l&1 #abe      ,dr\?1 ,effects (1 on    
,milk1 #ci      ,dry ,fodd] = ,w9t]1    
#hg1 #ajh      ,dung ,heap1 !1 #abe     
,ellswor?'s1 ,sy/em ( ,fe$+1 #aje       
,ex]cise1 ,ne$ (1 #ha1 #aji             
,fa/5+ = ! ,/able1 #fc      ,fe$+1      
,sy/em (1 #ah1 #bg1 #bi1 #cg1 #dc1 #hc1 
#ajc      ,f]tiliz]s1 ,comm]cial1 #dg1  
#ei1 #aag1 #aah      ,food1 ,am't       
,requir$ = a ,ye>1 #aj1 #fd      ,daily1
 #ajf        ,g>get 7,inflam$ ,udd]71   
#hi1 #aae      ,grasses1 ,mix$1 z ,soil+
 ,crops1 #ajc      ,grass ,se$          
,mixtures1 #ajc      ,gr\nd ,fe$1 ,bran1
 #cg1 #hg      ,cotton-se$ ,oil ,cake   

,meal1 #bi1 #dd1 #hg      ,corn ,meal1  
#cg1 #eg1 #ei      ,gr\nd ,fe$1 ,oats & 
,peas1 #aj        ,hay1 #cj1 #hb1 #ajj  
,hay ,tea1 #bh      ,hung>ian ,grass1   
#ajh        ,l&1 ,area ,requir$1 #i1    
#aa1 #af1 #bb1 #dg1 #fd-fe1 #gh1 #hb1   
#ic1 #ii1 #ajf1          #aag-aah1 #abe 
,l&1 ,none ,absolutely ,requir$1 #acj   
,slop+ to ! ,s\? & ,ea/1 #abe           
,leaves z ,b$d+1 #ah1 #id      ,litt] = 
,b$d+1 #ah1 #ee1 #hj        ,manure1    
#aa1 #ajj1 #abe      ,c>e (1 #ai1 #bf1  
#fb1 #gd1 #hj1 #abf      ,liquid1 #abh  
,supply ,increas$ by ,soil+1 #ch        
,milk ,flavor$ by ,turnips1 #ad         
,we$s1 #ajc      ,9 ! ,family1 #aa1 #ad1
 #eh1 #ij1 #acj      ,milk+1 #ac1 #fb1  
#hc      ,?ree ,times a ,day1 #gb1 #ajb1
 #ajd      ,prior to ,calv+1 #bg1 #da1  
#aae      ,milk-,pail1 #ej      ,muck1  
,value z an ,absorb5t1 #hj              
,p>turition1 #ej1 #gb1 #hg      ,pa/ur+1
 #ci1 #hb      ,peas1 ,canada ,field1   
#ib      ,c[1 #cj      ,pea-,v9e ,hay1  
#cj      ,pe>l ,millet1 #ba1 #ca1 #aaf  

,pigs to ,"w ,ov] ,manure1 #id1 #abg    
to ,consume ,s\r ,milk1 #eh1 #gi1 #ij   
,pr(its ( ,keep+ ,"o ,c[1 #aa1 #ce1 #de1
 #eh1 #ij1 #aae1 #acj        ,rotation1 
#fe-ff1 #hc1 #ia      ,roots1 ,culture  
(1 #ai1 #da1 #ih1 #ajg      ,cutt+ ,up1 
#ah      ,/or+ 9 ,pits1 #ab1 #bj1 #cg1  
#ie1 #ajh      ,/or+ 9 ,b>rels1 #ie     
,root ,crops1 ,arti*okes1 #fd1 #gj1 #ge 
,c>rots1 #bj1 #dc      ,mangels1 #ab    
,p>snips1 #cg      ,sug>-,beets1 #af1   
#ai1 #fj      ,turnips1 #db1 #ic        
,root ,cell>1 #abh        ,salt+1 #abb  
,sea-,we$ z an ,absorb5t1 #id      ,%ade
 9 ! ,y>d1 #ha      ,soil+ ,crops1 #ba1 
#be1 #ib      ,alfalfa1 #ig             
,arti*okes1 #fd      ,cabbages1 #cb1 #id
      ,canada ,peas1 #ib      ,c[ ,peas1
 #cj      ,gold5 ,millet1 #be1 #ca      
,hung>ian ,grass1 #ib1 #ajh             
,m9nesota ,corn1 #ib      ,mix$         
,grasses1 #ajc      ,oats & ,peas1 #ib  
,peas1 #aa      ,rye1 #bj1 #ajh         
,/ables1 ,plans1 etc41 #aj1 #ag1 #be1   
#dh1 #di1 #gb-gc1 #gh-gi1 #id1 #aba1    

#abf-abg-abh      ,/able ,requisites1   
#aa1 #fc      ,/able-,tie1 #fc          
,te!r+1 #aaf1 #aai      ,tank = ,liquid 
,manure1 #abh        ,udd]1             
,inflammation (1 #hi1 #aae        ,v]m91
 #cf        ,wat]1 #aj1 #bf1 #dd1 #hd1  
#ajc      ,we$s ,flavor+ ,milk1 #ajc    
,,publi%]s' ,,ann\ncem5t4      ,we h n[1
 accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 a population   
press+ close  ^u fifty ,millions4 ,e "o 
( ?is va/ numb] is individually  int]e/$
 9 ! milk "q4 ,:at is true ( p]haps no  
o!r  elem5t ( food & n\ri%m5t1 milk is  
consum$ 9 "s =m by all1  old & "y4 ,x is
 because ( ?is necess>ily univ]sal      
p]sonal  int]e/ 9 milk t ! publi%]s (f] 
?is volume :i* aims to  %[ all h[ to    
obta9 ! be/ milk1 pl5ty ( x1 & at !     
*eape/  rates4 ,! book embraces !       
exp]i5ce & advice ( able1 well kn[n     
writ]s--su*1 = example1 z ,pr(essor     
,slade1 ( ,h>v>d ,college1 &  ,h5ry ,e4 
,alvord--elicit$ 9 response to          
propositions pres5t$ by !  ,publi%]s =  
articles ^u ! subject4 ,! editorial     

sup]vision (  ! "w has be5 9 ! h&s (    
,col4 ,mason ,c4 ,weld & ,pr(essor      
,manly  ,miles--recogniz$ au?orities on 
,dairy ,matt]s--:o w\ld h includ$  _m   
o!r valuable & int]e/+ pap]s submitt$1 7
 x n t  !y w\ld h made ! volume too     
bulky4 ,mr4 ,orange ,judd has add$ a    
leaf f 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce4    ,! topics 
treat$ are only ^? legitimately connect$
 ) !  subject1 yet !y cov] a wide field1
 & w prove ( great int]e/ to  all       
occupi$ 9 ! culture ( ! soil1 :ile z a  
h&book & guide  to ^? :o keep "o or m   
family c[s x mu/ be ( almo/ daily       
practical use4 ,! prom95t subjects1 su* 
z soil+1 /abl+1 c>e (  manure1 ! tillage
 ( ! soil1 ! cultivation ( v>i\s crops1 
c>e  ( ! c[ & ( ! calf1 are ea* treat$ 9
 detail1 & yet !re  is s great a v>iety 
& su* g5u9e p]sonal exp]i5ce & s9c]e    
conviction on ! "p ( ea* writ]1 t 8 or  
h] way is ! be/  way--z inde$ x may be1 
"u ! circum/ances--t !re is little or   
no?+ ( sam5ess or repetition 9 ! book1 b
 ! read]'s int]e/  is su/a9$ to ! la/4  

,,introduction4      ,e f>m] is ord9>ily
 suppos$ to keep sev]al c[s1 & !re is   
no reason :y mo/ families 9 villages & v
 _m 9 cities %\ld  n possess at lea/ "o4
 ,good milk af=ds ! be/ ( n\ri%m5t =  "y
 *ildr51 & goes a long way 9 sav+       
but*]s' bills1 & 9  ! prep>ation (      
palatable n\ri%+ food ( _m v>ieties4    
,two to  five families1 accord+ to age &
 numb]1 c readily unite 9 hav+  "o c[   
kept1 divid+ ! milk & exp5ses1 & ?us    
always h  good1 pure1 ri* milk at v     
mod]ate co/4 ,! suitable refuse f  !    
kit*5s ( ?ree or f\r families w\ld v mu*
 r$uce ! co/  ( pur*as$ food4 ,9 rural  
villages1 summ] pa/urage c be obta9$    
ne> at h&1 :i*1 ) a daily fe$ ( good    
meal w furni% a l>ge  supply ( ri* milk 
at a l[ co/4 ,a boy c be secur$ at a    
small price  to drive ! c[ to ! pa/ure 9
 ! morn+1 & return h] at night  to !    
/able4 ,a /able or /all c always be     
obta9$ at a trifl+  r5t1 & be kept      
clean4 ,!re are pl5ty ( g>d5]s or f>m]s 
:o  w gladly take ! manure away s       

frequ5tly z to prev5t x be+ a  nuisance1
 or disagreeable4    ,we h no d\bt t all
 resid5ts ( villages1 manufactur+ t[ns1 
etc41 c1 by arrangem5ts l ! above1      
secure an abundant supply (  pure1 ri*1 
fre%1 heal?ful milk at less ?an ?ree    
c5ts p] qu>t1 &  at ! same "t add       
greatly to _! home com=ts1 & pres]ve !  
heal? if n ! lives ( _! little ones4    
,9 ,febru>y1 #ahhj1 ! publi%]s ( ?is    
volume (f]$ prizes = ?ree  essays on    
keep+ "o c[1 indicat+ at ! same "t _!   
scope4 ,"s  extracts f ! explanatory    
rem>ks accompany+ ?is (f] may fitly     
outl9e an introduction to ! "w4    ,!   
numb] ( p]sons :o possess b "o c[ is f> 
l>g] ?an ^?  :o h t5 or m4 ,no d\bt _m  
o!rs1 liv+ outside ( closely  built     
cities1 w\ld gladly less5 ! co/ (       
support+ _! families1  & at ! same "t   
add to _! com=ts1 & ev5 luxuries1 by    
keep+  a c[1 did !y "k h[ to keep "o4   
,!re is a g5]al notion t  keep+ a c[    
requires a pa/ure4 ,if a pa/ure is n    
necess>y1 !y  d n "k h[ to get along )\t

 "o4 ,dairym5 & f>m]s le>n  h[ to treat 
h]ds z a "p ( g5]al f>m managem5t1 or 9 
books on  ! subject4 ,!re are books on  
c[s1 b none on "o c[4 ,x is n a  "q (   
dairy f>m+1 b ( dairy g>d5+4 ,! (f] 0   
made  to elicit in=mation to enable "o  
to keep a s+le c[ ) ! be/  possible     
results4 ,! ma9 po9ts to be consid]$    
are3 ! /abl+  or h\s+ ( ! c[2 ! y>d room
 %e requires1 & ! /orage or  disposal ( 
h] manure2 ! lea/ area ( l& t c be      
safely set  ap>t = ! support ( ! c[1 &  
h[ c t l& be be/ manag$4  ,x is to be   
assum$ t ! l& w be made to produce all t
 x  w pr(itably yield1 :i* w br+ up ! "q
 ( manure &  f]tiliz]s1 ( c\rse consid]+
 t produc$ by ! c[ h]self4 ,:at         
proportion ( ! produce ( ! l& is to be  
cur$ = w9t]8 ,h[ mu*  food mu/ be b\ght1
 & :at8 ,h[ is ! c[ to be f$1 & 9 e     
respect h[ treat$ s z to give ! be/     
returns to h] own]8 ,:at  %\ld be done  
at calv+ "t & aft]w>ds8 milk+1 etc4 ,9  
%ort1  ! problem is--giv5 a good c[1 h[ 
to get ! be/ possible returns  f ! lea/ 

possible portion ( ! l& ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( 
! c[4    ,?is1 we ?9k1 is satisfactorily
 answ]$1 if n by any "o writ]1  c]ta9ly 
by sev]al comb9$4    ,we place z a      
frontispiece ! portrait ( a mo/ fam\s & 
excell5t  c[--n s mu* = h] beauty or on 
acc\nt ( h] bre$1 b z a model  ( a dairy
 c[1 & "o :i* may be c>ri$ 9 ! m9d :5   
pur*as+4    ,illu/ration                
,,keep+ ,,"o ,,c[4          ,,! ,,family
 ,,c[ ,,at ,,! ,,nor?4    ,,by ,,mrs4   
,g4 ,,b\r9ot1 ,,ottawa1 ,,canada4       
,%e's broad 9 h] hips & long 9 h] rump1 
,a /raight & flat back )\t ev] a hump1  
,%e's wide 9 h] lips & calm 9 h] eyes1  
,%e's f9e 9 h] %\ld]s & ?9 9 h] ?ighs1  
,%e's sleight 9 h] neck & small 9 h]    
tail1      ,%e's wide 9 h] brea/ & good 
at ! pail2      ,%e's f9e 9 h] bone &   
silky ( sk91      ,%e's a grazi] )\t & a
 but*] )94                              
--,,milburn4      ,!re are sev]al ways (
 provid+ = ! wants ( a c[1 b 9 all      
cases x is absolutely necess>y1 9 ord]  
to obta9 ! be/ results1  t c]ta9 rules  

be foll[$ ) reg>d to ! treatm5t ! c[    
receives4 ,%e mu/ be f$ & milk$ at      
regul> times1 be kept ?or\ghly  clean1 h
 pl5ty ( fre% air & wat]1 & h] food     
compos$ ( ^?  sub/ances t w keep h]     
always 9 good condition1 d away ) !     
milk bill1 r$uce ! groc]'s acc\nt1 &    
contribute greatly to !  heal? & com=t (
 ! family4 ,i h tri$ v>i\s ?+s1 & h     
f\nd fre% grass or fodd]1 prov5d]1 bran1
 oil-cake1 mangels1 & hay1  ! be/ bill (
 f>e = 8,daisy0 or 8,butt]cup40 ,avoid  
brew]'s slops or  gra9s z y w\ld poison1
 = al?\gh !y increase ! fl[ ( milk1  x  
is ?9 & blue1 ! butt] :ite & ta/eless1 &
 aft] a "t !  c['s tee? w black5 &      
decay4 ,i 0 told ! o!r day by a v       
intellig5t dairyman t aft] fe$+ 8 c[s "o
 season on brew]'s  gra9s he 0 oblig$ to
 sell 8 :ole h]d4      ,,y>d1 ,,/able1  
,,& ,,rations4    ,mr4 ,geo4 ,e4 ,w>+1  
,jr41 9 8 8,ogd5 ,f>m ,pap]s10 says he  
expects  to be able to fe$ a c[ f ,may  
fifte5? to ,novemb] fifte5? f  half an  
acre ( gr\nd1 b ! av]age citiz5 _h bett]

 n attempt  x1 b keep 8 half acre to    
raise vegetables & fruit1 buy+ !  food  
requir$ to keep 8 c[4 ,a c[ c be made v 
pr(itable if kept  9 ! foll[+ way2      
,fir/1 z to ! accommodation requir$1 a  
y>d  fifte5 feet by fifte51 & a /able or
 c[-%$ arrang$ z 9 !  foll[+ plan4 ,a1  
manure %$2 ,b1 b9 = dri$ e>?2 ,c1 c[2   
,d1 /ore-room2 ,e1 w9d[ = putt+ 9 hay2  
,f1 door2 ,g1 trap  to l(t2 ,h1 fe$+    
tr\gh4 ,h h] food provid$ z foll[s3 into
  a common pail put "o qu>t ( prov5d]   
78prov5d]0 is oats & peas  gr\nd toge!r1
 & c be pur*as$ at any fe$ /ore71       
"o-qu>t]  p\nd ( oil-cake1 !n fill !    
pail ne>ly full ( bran & p\r  boil+ wat]
 ov] ! :ole2 /ir well ) a /ick1 & put x 
away  cov]$ ) an old bit ( c>pet until  
fe$+ "t2 give h] t mess  twice a day4 ,h
 h] d9n] f ,june to ,novemb] consi/ (   
grass or  fodd] cut & br\ght 9 twice a  
week by "s f>m] or m>ket g>d5]  9       
ex*ange = h] manure & s\r milk4 ,9      
,montreal1 grass & fodd]  are br\ght to 
m>ket by ! 8,habatants10 & sold 9       

bundles4 ,z to  quantity1 a good big    
armful w be suffici5t1 & x is m heal?ful
  = ! c[ if x is a little wilt$4 ,9 !   
w9t] hay & mangels are  to be f$ 9 place
 ( ! grass & fodd]4 ,%e %\ld also h salt
  :]e %e c take a lick :5 s m9d$1 & fre%
 wat] ?ree times  a day4 ,! y>d %\ld be 
kept clean by scrap+ up ! manure e      
morn+ into ! little %$ at ! end ( !     
/able4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4           
#a4--,,/able ,,& ,,y>d4    ,! foll[+    
table %[s ! food requir$ to keep "o c[  
?r\gh !  entire ye>3        ,hay1 ! be/1
 two tons1 at #aj p] ton       #bj4jj   
#bjj p\nds ( ,oil-cake1 at #d p] #ajj   
p\nds    #h4jj      #hjj p\nds (        
,prov5d]1 at #a p] #ajj p\nds   #h4jj   
,half a ton ( ,bran1 at #ab p] ton      
#f4jj      ,"o ton ( ,mangels           
#e4jj                                   
-----                                   
#dg4jj    ,y\r c[ w require ! foll[+    
8tr\sseau03        ,"o five-gallon /one 
*urn                    #a4be      ,"o &
 a half doz5 milk pans1 at #b           

#c4jj      ,"o milk pail & /ra9]        
4#fj      ,"o butt] b[l 7wood57         
4#ej      ,"o paddle & pr9t             
4#bj      ,two wood5 pails = fe$        
4#dj      ,"o c>d                       
4#be                                    
-----                                   
#f4bj          ,co/ ( a good c[         
#dj4jj                                  
-----          ,int]e/ at #f p] c5t     
#c4fi    ,any ord9>y family w take f a  
milkman at lea/ "o qu>t a day4 ,we  9   
,ottawa pay eight c5ts p] qu>t1 mak+ p] 
ye> 7#cfe  #h17 #bi4bj4    ,x is a v    
poor c[ t w n av]age five p\nds ( butt] 
a week  = =ty weeks1 & t at tw5ty-five  
c5ts p] p\nd1 t is #dj  7weeks7  #e     
7p\nds71  #be 7c5ts71 equals #ej        
7doll>s74    ,s ! acc\nt /&s ?us3       
,butt]                                  
#ej4jj      ,milk                       
#bi4bj                                  
------                                  
#gi4bj      ,co/ ( food = "o ye>        
#dg4jj       ,int]e/ on c[ & tr\sseau   

#c4fi   #ej4fi                          
------          ,pr(it                  
#bh4ea      ,,l& ,,& ,,crops4    ,i h   
f\nd t two acres ( l& is ! lea/ possible
 area t w  provide c[-food = ! entire   
ye>1 & t %\ld be divid$ ?us3  ,"o acre =
 hay1 ! o!r = fodd] & mangels4 ,if y h  
no l&  already se$$ d[n1 pl[ up y\r     
acre1 s[ clov] & timo?y1 six  p\nds1 (  
ea*4 ,9 ,may1 :5 ! grass has fairly     
/>t$1 top-dress  x ) two bu%els ( l&    
pla/]2 if y c apply x j be=e a  ra9 x is
 ! be/ "t4 ,! fir/ ye> y w h all clov]  
hay1  & x mu/ be cut be=e ! second      
blossom comes2 if n cut e>ly  en\gh1 !  
/alks become t\gh & woody1 & are wa/$ by
 ! c[4  ,! second ye>1 if top-dress$ 9 !
 fall ) ! manure collect$  dur+ ! summ]1
 y w h a f9e crop ( timo?y1 & if ! l&  0
 good = any?+ y c cut hay f x = ?ree    
ye>s by giv+  x a little manure e fall4 
,z e>ly z ! gr\nd w admit1 s[  "s peas &
 oats2 "o bu%el ( ea* w plant "o-?ird ( 
an acre4  ,peas d well on old sod1 & are
 ! be/ crop to plant on new gr\nd4  ,9  

ab\t six weeks y c comm5ce cutt+ x =    
fodd]1 & x %\ld  give ! c[ two good     
meals a day until corn comes 94 ,l4 ,b4 
,arnold1 9  8,am]ican ,dairy+10 says (  
corn3 8,:5 too ?ickly plant$ its /ems  &
 leaves are s(t & pale1 its juices ?9 & 
poor4 ,if s[n ?9 or  9 drills1 s t ! air
 & light & heat ( ! sun c rea* x1  & n  
f$ until ne>ly its full size1 x is a    
valuable soil+ plant40  ,n[ ,mr4 ,w>+1 9
 8,f>m+ = ,pr(it10 says3 8,x is a common
 mi/ake  :5 ! corn is plant$ 9 drills to
 put 9 s little se$ t !  /alks gr[ l>ge 
& /rong1 :5 !y are neglect$ by ! cattle1
 !  leaves only be+ consum$4 ,!re %\ld  
be =ty gra9s at lea/ to !  foot ( r[1   
:i* w take f f\r to six bu%els to !     
acre1 b  ! result w fully ju/ify !      
outlay1 z ! corn /&+ s close  9 ! r[ w  
gr[ f9e & ?ick40 ,my exp]i5ce tells me t
 ,mr4  ,w>+ is "r2 any way1 my c[ w n   
eat ! co>se /alks :i*  w gr[ :5 ! corn  
is plant$ too ?94    ,! "o-?ird acre    
res]v$ = mangels1 mu/ be ! p]fection (  
ri*ness1 well dra9$1 & manur$4 ,if !    

soil is deep1 y c plant  !m on ! flat1 b
 if ! soil is %all[1 plant !m on ridges1
 !  ridges ?irty in*es ap>t 7,i always  
plant !m 9 t way72 !n ?9  out ! plants  
to fifte5 in*es ap>t4 ,t5 to twelve     
hundr$ bu%els may  be gr[n on an acre1 b
 ! gr\nd mu/ be prop]ly prep>$4 ,9 /or+ 
!m1 !y require to be v c>efully h&l$1 z 
! lea/ bruise  ha/5s decay1 & we want to
 keep !m fre% & good until ,april1 :5   
our c[ ought to give u a calf4          
,,wean+ ,,! ,,calf4    ,i ?\ght ,i _h   
tri$ almo/ ev]y?+ relat+ to ! c>e ( c[s1
 b  :5 ,i und]took to wean a            
five-weeks'-old calf1 ,i f\nd my        
education  9 t respect sadly neglect$4  
,i ask$ a f>m]'s wife h[ ,i 0 to        
manage4 8,oh10 %e said1 8j dip y\r f+]s 
9 ! milk1 & let !  calf suck !m a few   
times1 & x w soon le>n to put its nose 9
 !  pail & dr9k40 ,x s\nd$ simple en\gh1
 s ,i took my pail & />t$  = ! b>n1 :]e 
t wret*$ animal slopp$ me all ov] )     
milk1  bunt$ me r\nd & r\nd ! p51 until 
,i 0 black & blue1 suck$  ! sk9 (f my   

f+]1 & w\ldn't dr9k4 ,aft] try+ at      
int]vals  = two days1 ! calf 0 gett+ ?91
 & s 0 ,i4 ,9 despair1 ,i  left ! pail (
 milk1 giv+ t calf a few words (        
:olesome advice4  ,:5 ,i w5t back two   
h\rs aft]1 ! calf 0 /&+ ov] ! empty     
pail1 ) an expression on its face1 t ,i 
translat$ into an inquiry1  z to :y ,i  
hadn't left t pail !re be=e4 ,i h wean$ 
sev]al  calves s9ce !n1 b h nev] _h any 
tr\ble4 ,leave !m ) !  c[ ?ree or f\r   
days1 !n take a little milk & hold !    
calf's nose  9 ! pail2 x mu/ op5 its m\?
 or smo!r1 & :5 once x ta/es  ! milk1 w 
soon le>n to dr9k4#a ,:5 x is a week    
old1 comm5ce  fe$+ ) oil-cake1 skim-milk
 & molasses4 ,into an old two-p\nd  pea*
 c1 ,i put "o tablespoonful ( oil-cake &
 "o ( molasses1 fill  up ! c ) boil+    
wat]1 & set x on ! /ove until ?or\ghly  
cook$4 ,t quantity w be its all[ance =  
"o day1 mix$ )  skim-milk4 ,! next week1
 give x t quantity at ea* meal1 & !     
next week1 twice t4 ,! calf w !n be f\r 
weeks old1 & !  but*] ought to give y a 

price = x t w pay = all tr\ble  & !     
family milk bill :ile ! c[ 0 dry4 ,x    
does n pay to raise  calves :]e y only  
keep "o c[4 7,mr4 ,co*rane1 ! own] ( !  
celebrat$ c[ 8,du*ess ( ,airdrie10 told 
me ! o!r morn+ t la/  ye> he sold a calf
 ( h]'s to an ,engli% g5tleman = f\r    
?\s&  gu9eas 7tw5ty ?\s& doll>s74 ,i ?9k
 x w\ld pay to h a wet  nurse if "o _h a
 calf l t74 ,a tablespoonful ( lime-wat]
 put 9  ! milk n[ & !n w prev5t ! calf f
 8sc\r+10 a compla9t  v common among    
calves br\ght up by h&4 ,i believe t    
w9t] rye  makes a valuable soil+ plant1 
b ,i h nev] tri$ x4        #a ,x is     
bett]1 z a rule1 n to all[ ! calf to    
suck at      all4 ,aptness 9 le>n+ to   
dr9k is influ5c$ by h]$ity4      ,calves
 f ance/ors t h n be5 all[$ to suck1    
le>n      to dr9k m readily ?an ^? :i* h
 be5 all[$ to run      ) ! dam4      ,a 
,,few ,,words ,,z ,,to ,,g5]al          
,,managem5t4    ,i ?9k x cruel to keep  
c[s ti$ up all summ]4 ,!y d n require   
mu* ex]cise1 b fre% air !y mu/ h1 & x is

 a great com=t  to !m to lick !mselves1 
al?\gh !y ought to be well curri$ e     
day4 ,x is bett] to milk aft] fe$+1 z !y
 /& m quietly4  ,don't all[ y\r         
milk-maid to wa% ! c['s teats 9 ! milk  
pail1 a  fil?y habit mu* 9 vogue4 ,insi/
 on h] tak+ a wet clo? & wip+  ! c['s   
bag ?or\ghly be=e %e comm5ces to milk4  
,a c[ ought to be  milk$ 9 t5 m9utes1   
al?\gh ! fir/ "t ,i und]took to milk    
alone1  ,i tugg$ away = an h\r4 ,i knew 
h[ mu* milk ,i ought to h1 & ,i  0 b\nd 
to get x4 ,an old c[ w eat m ?an a "y   
"o1 b w  give ri*] milk4 ,if y c get a  
c[ ) h] second calf1 y c keep  h]       
pr(itably = five ye>s1 :5 %e %\ld be    
sold to ! but*]4  ,!re is no?+ t w keep 
y\r c[-%$ s neat1 & add s mu*  to !     
value ( y\r manure pile1 z a few        
%ovelfuls ( dry e>? or  muck ?r[n "u !  
c[4 ,x w absorb ! liquid manure bett]   
?an  any?+ else4 ,don't all[ y\r milk   
pans to be appropriat$ = all  sorts (   
h\sehold uses2 y _c make sweet1 firm    
butt] if ! milk  is put into ru/y old   

t94 ,skim ! milk twice a day into ! /one
  *urn2 add a little salt1 & /ir x well 
e "t y put 9 fre%  cream4 ,use spr+     
wat]1 b don't all[ ice to come 9 contact
 ) !  butt]2 x de/roys bo? color &      
flavor4 ,if y\r cream is too w>m1  !    
butt] w come m quickly1 b x w be :ite & 
s(t4 ,:5  ! cream is s cold t x takes me
 half an h\r to *urn1 ,i always  h ! be/
 butt]4 ,don't put y\r h&s to x1 "w out 
! butt]milk  ) a wood5 paddle1 & "w 9 ! 
salt ) ! same ?+4 ,!re  is an old say+ t
 "o qu>t ( milk a day gives "o p\nd (   
butt]  a week1 & ,i ?9k x's a pretty    
fair rule1 b don't expect to buy a  c[ t
 w give y ?irty qu>ts ( milk a day4 ,!re
 are su* c[s  ,i "k1 b !y are n = sale4 
,be q satisfi$ if y\r c[ gives  half t  
quantity4 ,place ! c['s food :]e %e _c  
/ep on x1  b don't put x high up2 ,x is 
natural = !m to eat ) _! heads  d[n4 ,i 
?9k x is bett] t ! family c[ %\ld h a   
calf e  ye>1 provid$ y c h !m come e>ly 
9 ! spr+ or late 9 !  autumn4 ,z to ! "t
 t a c[ %\ld be dry1 t dep5ds mu* ^u  ! 

way ! c[ 0 br\ght up4 ,if %e 0 all[$ to 
g dry e>ly 9 !  season ) h] fir/ calf1  
%e w always d x4 ,a c[ be+ a v          
cons]vative animal1 %e %\ld be milk$ z  
long z h] milk is good4  ,:5 %e is dry1 
/op fe$+ ! prov5d]1 bran1 & oil-cake1 & 
give  h] pl5ty ( good hay1 ) "s roots1  
until aft] %e calves4 ,!  prov5d] &     
oil-cake be+ /rong food1 are apt to     
produce inflammation  & o!r tr\bles at  
calv+ "t4 ,y c fe$ turnips :5 %e is dry1
  at ! rate ( two pails a day1 cut up   
f9e1 ( c\rse1 b don't fe$  turnips :5 %e
 is milk+4 ,i h tri$ e way to de/roy !  
flavor  ( turnips 9 milk1 b )\t success4
 ,i h boil$ x1 put soda 9  x1 f$ ! c[   
aft] milk+1 b x 0 all ! same--turnip    
flavor  unmi/akable--& z we don't l our 
butt] s flavor$1 ,i only fe$  turnips :5
 ! c[ is dry4    ,! ,rev4 ,e4 ,p4 ,roe 9
 8 delightful book call$ 8,play & ,pr(it
 9  ,my ,g>d510 says3 8,if a family 9   
ord9>y good circum/ances1 kept a        
sep>ate acc\nt ( ! fruit & vegetables   
b\ght & us$ dur+ !  ye>1 !y w\ld1       

d\btless1 be surpris$ at ! sum total4 ,b
 if !y  c\ld see ! am\nt !y c\ld & w\ld 
consume if !y didn't h  to buy1 surprise
 w\ld be a v mild way ( putt+ x40 ,!    
same rule  applies to ! keep+ ( a c[4   
,we buy "o qu>t a day & manage to  get  
along ) x4 ,our c[ gives u t5 to tw5ty  
qu>ts a day & we  make way ) ! great] "p
 ( x4 ,i ?9k ) a c[ & a g>d51  "o may   
manage to live1 b life )\t ei!r1 accord+
 to my ways (  ?9k+1 w\ld be %orn ( _m (
 its pleasures4    ,illu/ration         
,,! ,,c[ ,,9 ,,! ,,middle ,,/ates4      
,,by ,w4 ,l4 ,,battles1 ,,gir>d1 ,,pa4  
,in/ead ( writ+ on h[ a c[ might be     
kept1 ,i propose simply to tell  j h[ we
 manage our c[1 :at we fe$ h]1 h[ we    
procure t food2  9 fact ev]y?+ relat+ to
 h] c>e1 s t any "o c g & d  likewise4  
8,spot10 we call h]1 = %e has a         
beautiful :ite spot 9 h] =ehead1  is n a
 ,j]sey1 = we c n af=d to buy "o at !   
prices at :i*  !y are held ) u2 nor is  
%e a ?or\gh-br$ ( any k9d2 yet %e  is a 
good c[1 ( m$ium size1 fills a          

twelve-qu>t pail ea* night &  morn+1 :5 
h] milk is 9 good fl[1 t raises a ?ick  
coat ( ri*  cream1 :i*1 aft] be5 *urn$1 
furni%es all ! butt] ne$$ = a  family ( 
six1 & "s to sp>e4 ,our place is small1 
only two acres1  & a portion ( ?is is   
cov]$ by ! dwell+1 b>n1 p\ltry-h\se1    
etc4 ,! fruit g>d5 occupies ab\t "o-f\r?
 ( an acre1 & f  ?is portion no?+ is    
gr[n to furni% food = 8,spot40 ,adjo9+ !
  b>n !re is half an acre ( ! l& 9 good 
grass1 or mo/ly clov]1  & e spr+ a qu>t 
( clov] se$ is s[n1 s z fa/ z ! old     
plants die out1 "y ones take _! places4 
,a bu%el ( l& pla/]  is s[n on ?is :5 ! 
grass beg9s to />t 9 ! spr+4 ,?is plot  
produces a v heavy gr[? ( grass & clov]1
 enabl+ u to cut x  ?ree times ea*      
season2 ab\t ! fir/ ( ,june1 ,augu/1 & (
 ,octob]4  ,a coat ( f9e manure is      
always spread ov] ! gr\nd imm$iately    
aft]  ea* m[+4 ,! grass is mo/ly cur$1 &
 makes f9e hay = w9t]  fe$+4            
,occasionally a small portion ( ! crop  
is us$ gre5 =  soil+4 ,besides ! l&     

occupi$ by build+s1 fruit g>d51 & clov] 
plot1 !re rema9s ab\t "o acre1 :i* we   
call ! g>d54 ,"h are  gr[n all !        
vegetables = ! family's use1 besides "s 
to sell4  ,ab\t "o-f\r? ( x is plant$ to
 ,e>ly ,rose potatoes1 & z soon z  ^!   
are suffici5tly ripe = use or m>ket1 !y 
are dug1 & sweet  corn1 9 drills1 =     
fodd]1 is s[n ^u ! l&4 ,ano!r f\r? ( an 
acre is plant$ to sug> beets2 ! gr\nd   
be+ v ri*1 ! yield is  always l>ge2 ?is 
la/ season 7#ahgi71 ?\gh v dry1 ,i      
h>ve/$ "o  hundr$ & sev5ty-eight bu%els4
 ,our c[ is v fond ( ! beets1  & ,i ?9k 
!re is no?+ bett] to keep up a fl[ (    
milk1 & !y  give x no bad flavor1 z d   
turnips4 ,an additional f\r? ( an acre  
is  plant$ to sweet1 or ev]gre51 corn2 z
 fa/ z ! corn is pick$ =  use or m>ket1 
! gre5 /alks are cut up1 run ?r\gh !    
cutt+-box1  & e p>ticle ( !m consum$4 ,z
 soon z ! corn is all  h>ve/$1 ! gr\nd x
 occupi$ is ?or\ghly fitt$ & manur$1 &  
!n s[n to w9t] rye1 to be us$ = soil+ ! 
next spr+1 aft]  :i* ! gr\nd is aga9    

prep>$ = corn4 ,! rema9+ f\r? acre is   
devot$ to e>ly peas1 beans1 cabbages &  
o!r g>d5 vegetables4 ,z  soon z "o crop 
is (f1 ! gr\nd is prep>$1 & some?+ else 
is  almo/ always plant$ or s[n2         
consequ5tly1 on ! mo/ ( ?is acre1  two  
crops are produc$ ea* season1 except :]e
 sug>-beets are gr[n1  or late cabbages1
 :i* require ! :ole season to mature4 ,)
 !  clov] on ! half acre1 & ! =age crop 
& roots on ! acre1 we  h n only _h      
suffici5t food = ! c[ ! entire season1 b
 h  also kept our family horse1 ) !     
exception ( "o load ( oat-/raw  pur*as$ 
= ?ree doll>s1 to mix 9 ) ! fodd] corn2 
?is is h>d  to cure suffici5tly to keep 
bright & sweet ?r\gh ! w9t]1 b by  mix+ 
a lay] ( corn-fodd]1 & a lay] ( /raw1 x 
all comes out  nice & bright4 ,besides  
keep+ bo? horse & c[1 we h m>ket$  f ?is
 little f>m1 9 b]ries1 vegetables1      
butt]1 eggs1 p\ltry1 &  "o fat hog1     
weigh+1 dress$1 ov] ?ree hundr$ p\nds1  
f\r hundr$  & sixty-eight doll>s' wor? (
 ! above produce1 keep+ en\gh =  our own

 use1 & salt+ d[n "o b>rel ( pork4      
,,! ,,b>n4    ,! b>n is tw5ty-five by   
?irty feet1 ) ! /able on ! s\?  side4 ,!
 /all = 8,spot0 is five feet wide1 & !  
floor on :i*  %e /&s is five feet long1 
) a mang] two feet wide 9 front1 "o  & a
 half high next to ! c[1 & ?ree feet    
next to ! b>n floor4  ,%e is fa/5$ ) a  
wide /rap ar\nd h] neck1 atta*$ to a *a9
  eighte5 in*es long1 :i* is fa/5$ to a 
/aple driv5 into a po/  at ! corn] ( !  
/all adjo9+ ! mang]2 ?is gives h] room  
to  turn h] head s z to lick any portion
 ( h] body4 ,! floor is made (  two-in* 
plank1 batt5$ on ! "u side ) ?9 bo>ds1  
rais$ f  ! gr\nd t5 in*es 9 re> & "o    
foot 9 front2 all ! dropp+s  & ur9e fall
 into ! f\r-foot alley beh9d4 ,?is alley
 has a clay  floor beat5 p]fectly solid 
& level4 ,next to ! /able door is a     
l>ge b91 t5 by sev5 feet1 = /or+        
road-du/ or muck2 at ! o!r  end ( !     
/able is ano!r b91 t5 by elev5 feet1 =  
/or+ leaves  = b$d+4 ,my great object is
 n only to make 8,spot0 com=table1  & h 

h] /able free f all bad odors1 b to save
 all ! manure1  bo? liquid & solid4 ,!  
be/ absorb5t is dri$ muck1 pulv]iz$1  or
 road-du/ f clayey roads4 ,z x is easi] 
to procure ! latt]1  ,i g5]ally make use
 ( t1 & always keep f two to ?ree in*es 
( x 9 ! alley2 ?is effectually absorbs  
all ! liquid portions  & all (f5sive    
odors4 ,twice ea* day1 ?is is ?r[n out  
?r\gh a  w9d[ clos$ by a slid+ %utt] 9 !
 re> ( ! /all1 "u a  %$1 :]e x rema9s   
until want$ = use4 ,9 ! fall1 ,i g to ! 
woods & procure a suffici5t quantity (  
leaves to la/ until spr+2 a  lib]al use 
( ^! n only makes a nice1 s(t1 clean b$1
 b l>gely  increases ! quantity (       
manure4 ,! /able op5s into a small y>d1 
across "o corn] ( :i* runs a small      
brook4 ,ea* morn+1 ! c[ is  p]mitt$ to g
 out & dr9k2 if ! wea!r is pleasant1 %e 
is all[$  to rema9 out an h\r = ex]cise4
 ,%e is let out ! same at night1  aft]  
sunset 9 w>m wea!r1 s t %e w n be annoy$
 by flies4  ,! b>n is well-batt5$1 & is 
w>m 9 w9t]2 x is well v5tilat$  by two  

w9d[s1 b ^!1 9 summ]1 are d>k5$ by      
bl9ds1 ) wide  slats1 to keep out flies4
      ,,sy/em ,,( ,,fe$+4    ,ea* morn+1
 :ile 8,spot0 is eat+ h] breakfa/1 %e is
 well curri$  ) a curry comb or c>d1 &  
if any fil? is obs]v$ on h] bag or      
teats 7:i* is v seldom71 !y are c>efully
 wa%$ (f1 if 9  w9t]1 ) w>m wat]4 ,%e is
 nev] scold$ nor :ipp$2 consequ5tly  %e 
nev] kicks ov] ! pail1 or holds up h]   
milk4 ,%e is f$ 9 w9t]  ) a peck (      
sug>-beets cut up1 bo? morn+1 noon1 &   
night2 also1 a  bu%el ( cut fe$1 ei!r   
corn-/alks or clov] hay1 wet ) a pailful
  ( hot wat]1 ) two qu>ts ( 8sug> meal10
 or bran1 ?or\ghly mix$  toge!r1 ) a    
little salt spr9kl$ ov] x4 ,i g5]ally   
use :at is  kn[n "h z 8sug> meal0 to mix
 ) h] fe$2 x is corn meal f !  factory  
aft] ! sug> or glucose has be5 extract$2
 x co/s f t5  c5ts to twelve & a half   
c5ts p] bu%el1 & ,i pref] x to bran1  & 
8,spot0 likes x v mu*4 ,we consid] h] a 
ma*9e = conv]t+  ! food we give h] into 
milk1 & ! m we c get h] to eat &  dige/1

 ! m milk is obta9$1 & ! great] ! pr(it4
 ,x is  a good plan to *ange ! food     
occasionally1 sub/itut+ c>rots =  beets1
 clov] hay = corn fodd]1 = brutes1 l    
mank9d1 are fond (  a v>iety4 ,!re are  
root-cutt]s t c be procur$ = cutt+ up   
roots1 b ,i h always us$ a common spade1
 gr\nd %>p1 & an empty  fl\r b>rel to   
hold ! beets4 ,x takes b a few m9utes to
 cut up a  mess ( beets 9 t way4        
,,manure4    ,) a b9 ( road-du/1 & "o ( 
leaves1 a w9t]'s supply ( litt]  is     
secur$1 & x is surpris+ :at a pile (    
manure we h 9 !  spr+4 ,ano!r valuable  
s\rce ( manure is ! pig/y1 ) pl5ty  (   
leaves = a w>m b$1 & suffici5t road-du/ 
to absorb all !  liquids1 x is a/oni%+  
h[ clean our pigs are1 & ! /y is free  f
 all bad odors2 ! big potatoes & mammo? 
beets1 %[ ! ri*ness  ( ! pig-p5         
f]tiliz]4 ,i ?9k our fifty h5s pay = all
 _! food  ) ! dropp+s ! p\ltry-h\se     
furni%es4 ,! roo/s are ov] a  slant+    
plat=m1 :i* is kept cov]$ ) road-du/ bo?
 summ] &  w9t]2 ! dropp+s fall on ?is   

floor1 & roll d[n into a l>ge box       
twelve feet long1 ?ree feet wide1 & ?ree
 feet deep4 ,! du/ !  *ick5s "w d[n ) ! 
dropp+s is suffici5t to absorb all !    
ammonia & pres]ve all ! f]tiliz+        
qualities ( ?is mo/ valuable  guano4 ,a 
l>ge box ( road-du/ is always kept 9 !  
wat]-closet1 a  lib]al use ( :i*        
furni%es a quantity ( mo/ valuable      
f]tiliz]1  besides free+ ! closets f all
 noxi\s smells4 ,! wa% wat] &  slops f !
 kit*5 are utiliz$ by be+ ?r[n on a pile
 ( sods &  o!r rubbi%1 :i* are =k$ ov]1 
& z soon z decay$1 c>t$ to  ! manure    
pile4 ,f s _m s\rces we are enabl$ to   
give our small  f>m a mo/ lib]al supply 
( manure ea* spr+ & fall1 s t ev5  ) !  
d\ble cropp+ mo/ ( x gets1 x cont9ues to
 improve1 &  yields m b\ntifully ea*    
succe$+ season4      ,,crops ,,&        
,,tillage4    ,9 ! cultivation ( sug>   
beets1 ! gr\nd is fir/ manur$ heavily1  
pl[$ deep1 & ?or\ghly pulv]iz$ ) !      
cultivator1 !n  m>k$ out 9 r[s ) a g>d5 
pl[1 two feet ap>t4 ,manure f !         

p\ltry-h\se is scatt]$ 9 ea* furr[1 :i* 
%\ld be lightly  cov]$ ) soil1 s ! se$ w
 n come 9 contact ) x2 drop !  se$s ab\t
 six in*es ap>t1 cov]+ lightly ) ! g>d5 
rake4 ,:5  ! leaves are ab\t f\r in*es  
long1 ?9 out to "o plant 9 a place1  &  
fill any vacancies ) ! plants pull$ out4
 ,hoe !m ?or\ghly1  de/roy+ all we$s1   
:i* c easily be done by cultivat+ ea*   
"t be=e hoe+1 ) an arr[ cultivator4     
,keep ! gr\nd mell[1  & cultivate ?ree  
or f\r times1 aft] :i* !y w take c>e (  
!mselves & soon cov] ! gr\nd4 ,) gr\nd 9
 good condition1  & a fair season1 six  
hundr$ to eight hundr$ bu%els p] acre c 
be  easily produc$4 ,let !m gr[ until   
fro/ comes1 :5 !y %\ld be dug  ) a g>d5 
=k1 ! tops cut (f1 & /or$ = w9t]4 ,^? to
 be  us$ be=e ! fir/ ( ,m>*1 are /or$ 9 
! cell>1 ! o!rs are  buri$ 9 a long pit1
 digg+ out a %all[ place1 pil+ up !     
roots  ab\t ?ree feet high1 & ?ree feet 
wide1 cov]+ well ) /raw  & suffici5t    
soil to keep !m f freez+1 putt+ 9 a     
dra9-tile  ab\t e f\r feet 9 ! top ( !  

pile1 ) "o end to project a  little     
?r\gh ! cov]+1 = v5tilation4 ,if ! wea!r
 becomes v  cold1 lay a turf ov] ! tile1
 & remove :5 pleasant4 ,i gr[ c>rots    
aft] ! same plan1 & /ore 9 l mann]4 ,i  
pref] beets1 z !y  are s mu* l>g]1 x is 
less tr\ble to ga!r & take c>e ( !m1  & 
! crop is g5]ally l>g]1 /ill ,i always  
gr[ "s c>rots = a  *ange4 ,i plant sweet
 corn 9 drills1 always put "s f]tiliz]  
along  ! furr[1 dropp+ ! k]nels ab\t    
eight in*es ap>t1 ) ! r[s  ?ree feet    
wide1 ,i comm5ce plant+ soon aft] ,may  
fir/1 & cont9ue  at int]vals until ab\t 
,july fir/1 s ,i c h a fre% supply =    
use1 & m>ket1 all ! season4 ,! sweet    
corn be+ gr[n on ! plot  s[n to w9t]    
rye1 = soil+1 enables u to cut "s       
portions ( x  twice1 be=e ! gr\nd is    
ne$$ = corn4 ,:5 s[+ corn = fodd]1  :i* 
is done z soon z we comm5ce digg+ ! e>ly
 potatoes1 ,i s[  x 9 drills two feet   
ap>t1 & drop ! k]nels ab\t "o in* ap>t  
9 ! drills1 manure f ! pig/y is fir/    
dropp$ 9 ! furr[1  & cov]$ ) soil at    

lea/ two in*es deep1 or ! corn w n  come
 up4 ,?is f]tiliz] is s /rong1 if       
prop]ly us$ x causes a mo/  extraord9>y 
gr[? ( /alks4 ,:ile ! corn is small1    
cultivate x  two or ?ree times ) a n>r[ 
cultivator1 :5 x w take c>e (  itself1 &
 !re w be a surpris+ gr[? ( /alks2 ,i h 
!m  (t5 six feet high4 ,j be=e "t =     
fro/s1 cut ) a scy!1 &  set up 9 small  
bun*es b\nd ar\nd ! top1 & leave to cure
 until  cold wea!r4 ,:5 x is to be put 9
 ! m[1 spread alt]nately a  lay] (      
/alks1 & a lay] ( /raw1 & x w keep      
bright & sweet  until want$4 ,! rye =   
spr+ soil+ is s[n :5 ! sweet corn is    
pick$1 & /alks remov$1 9 drills ab\t t5 
in*es ap>t4 ,f9e manure  is spread on ! 
gr\nd aft] pl[+1 & ?or\ghly mix$ ) !    
surface soil2 "o or two hoe+s be+ giv5  
to keep ! gr\nd mell[2  to de/roy any   
we$s t may make _! appe>ance4 ,by ,may  
fir/1 !  e>ly s[n rye w cov] ! gr\nd ) a
 d5se gr[?1 at lea/ f\r  feet high1     
furni%+ a l>ge quantity ( mo/ nutriti\s 
gre5 food4 ,on  ^? portions ( ! plot :]e

 ! late/ corn is to be plant$1 two or   
?ree cutt+s are made2 ?is gives mo/     
excell5t food = ! c[1 &  ! quantity gr[n
 on ?is f\r? ( an acre w surprise any "o
 :o  has nev] tri$ x4 ,!re is q a plot (
 e>ly peas1 & z soon z  ! la/ pick+     
occurs1 :ile ! v9es are gre51 !y are    
pull$ &  f$ to 8,spot10 :o reli%es !m v 
mu*4 ,turnips1 or corn1 are at once  s[n
 on ! gr\nd :]e ! peas 74    ,:5 our    
e>ly cabbages are tak5 up1 all ! leaves1
 & mu* ( !  /alks1 are turn$ into milk  
by tak+ !m to ! c['s mang]1 &  ! gr\nd  
at once plant$1 or s[n1 to some?+ t w   
make m  food4 ,! beet1 c>rot1 & turnip  
tops1 & late cabbage leaves1 make  q a  
quantity ( fe$ late 9 ! fall1 if c>e is 
tak5 9 sav+  & pres]v+ !m4 ,possibly !re
 may be "s bett] =age crop ?an          
8ev]gre510 or sug> corn2 ,i ?9k ano!r   
fall ,i w try ! ,m9nesota  ,amb] ,sug>  
,cane1 9 a small way4 ,i tri$ ,pe>l     
,millet1 9 "o r[1 ?is  season2 x till]$1
 or spread wond]fully1 b did n d s well 
z  ! corn1 z ! /alks 7 small1 & ! millet

 makes su* a feeble  gr[?1 at fir/1 x   
requires ! :ole season to produce z mu* 
fodd]  z ,i get f corn s[$ ! f\r? (     
,july4      ,,calv+4    ,i g5]ally      
manage to h ! c[ come 9 ab\t ! fir/ (   
,septemb]2  by t means ! six weeks "t %e
 is all[$ to g dry1 occurs dur+  ! w>me/
 portion ( ! summ]1 viz41 9 ,july &     
,augu/1 :51  ) ! facilities ! p]son :o  
keeps b "o c[ possesses1 x is  difficult
 to make good butt]4 ,?is is also !     
season :5 butt] mo/  g5]ally sells !    
l[e/4    ,! calf is taught to dr9k aft] 
x is a week or t5 days old1 & f$  on a  
porridge made f skim-milk & :eat        
middl+s1 or %orts2 by  ! "t x is six    
weeks or two mon?s old x w be well      
fatt5$1  & c be sold to ! but*] = veal1 
at a good price1 = at t  season ( ! ye> 
veal is sc>ce & 9 dem&4 ,! c[ be+ 9 full
  fl[ ( milk all w9t]1 :5 butt] is mo/  
always high1 w pay a good  pr(it = h]   
fe$ & c>e4 ,a c\ple ( weeks prior to !  
"t !  calf %\ld be born1 ,i make a box  
/all on ! b>n floor1 & p]mit !  c[ to   

run loose 9 x until ! calf is tak5 away 
to le>n to dr9k4  ,dur+ ?is "t %e %\ld h
 a good b$ ( leaves1 & ! /all be  clean$
 ea* night & morn+4 ,s f> at su* times  
,i h exp]i5c$  no difficulty1 or tr\ble2
 %\ld any occur1 x is bett] to apply to 
an exp]i5c$ p]son1 ?an to try & 8doctor0
 h] y\rself4 ,aft] !  calf is born1 ,i  
fe$ ! c[ on w>m slops a day or two1     
p]mitt+ !  calf to suck until ! swell+  
has gone f h] bag1 & x has assum$  its  
natural condition4 ,!n1 z be=e /at$1    
tea* x to dr9k1 :i*  c easily be done by
 ins]t+ ! f+] 9 its m\?1 & putt+ its    
head 9 ! di%1 cauti\sly )draw+ ! f+] a  
few times1 & 9 a  %ort "t y w h no      
difficulty1 z x w help itself4    ,9    
conclusion1 ,i c say ,i h tri$ to /ate j
 h[ our c[ is  manag$ & kept4 ,i presume
 !re c be improvem5ts made on our sy/em4
  ,i %all be glad to take advantage ( ! 
exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 at any &  all times4   
,no record is kept ( ! milk obta9$1 or (
 ! butt] made4  ,we "k we always h pl5ty
 = ! family's use1 & consid]able to     

sp>e4 ,bread & milk furni% ! *ildr5 half
 _! food a portion (  ! "t4 ,pure milk &
 pl5ty ( fre% fruits1 9 abundance1 we   
consid]  af=d "o ( ! pr9cipal reasons :y
 our family is s heal?y1 & we  h s few  
doctor's bills to pay4    ,f our acre & 
a half1 all ! food has be5 gr[n = bo? c[
 &  horse1 except ! ?ree doll>s exp5d$ =
 /raw4 ,! 8sug> meal0  giv5 ! c[ has n  
co/ five doll>s dur+ ! pa/ ye>4 ,x is   
safe  to say1 t "o half1 & probably m1 (
 ! clov]1 corn fodd]1  gre5 rye1 etc41  
has be5 f$ to ! horse4 ,consequ5tly !   
keep+ (  ! c[ c all be cr$it$ to ! small
 area ( ab\t ?ree-f\r?s (  an acre ( l&1
 9 addition to an outlay ( n exce$+ sev5
 doll>s  = meal1 bran1 & /raw4 ,?is l&1 
ab\t "o half ( x1 has also  produc$1 9  
addition1 full crops = ! use ( ! family1
 or m>ket1  :ile ! s\r milk & butt]milk 
h l>gely assi/$ 9 mak+ six  hundr$ p\nds
 ( pork4 ,! calf1 at less ?an two mon?s 
( age1 0  sold = eight doll>s1 :i* m ?an
 paid = ! extra fe$ b\ght  = ! c[4 ,!   
family :i* has nev] kept a c[ c h>dly   

realize  ! satisfaction & b5efits d]iv$ 
f su* a s\rce4 ,*ildr51  ^: appetites   
are (t5 caprici\s1 w almo/ always reli% 
a cup (  cool milk4 ,cream1 = our c(fee 
at breakfa/1 is mu* enjoy$ by all1  b   
realiz$ by few1 & :at c be m delici\s   
?an a nice di% (  /rawb]ries smo!r$ 9   
ri* yell[ cream4 ,:5 we consid] ! small 
exp5se1 ! little tr\ble & c>e1 contra/$ 
) ! great b5efits  d]iv$1 x is1 s to    
speak1 surpris+ t any family %\ld re/   
satisfi$ )\t possess+ a c[4             
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--,,! ,,ayr%ire  
,,c[ 8,,old ,,cream]40          ,,! ,,c[
 ,,9 ,,! ,,gulf ,,/ates4    ,,by        
,,george ,g4 ,,duffee1 ,,mobile1 ,,ala4 
,= sev]al ye>s ,i _h be5 exp]im5t+ on a 
small scale 9 soil+  cattle4 ,my area ( 
l&1 h[ev]1 0 exce$+ly limit$1 be+ only  
a portion ( ! kit*5 g>d5 ( a city       
resid5ce1 b my success  01 ev5 9 ?is    
small way1 s satisfactory1 t ,i det]m9$ 
at  "s future day to try x on a m       
ext5sive scale4 ,my read+ &  exp]i5ce   
conv9c$ me1 t 9 our favor$ s\!rn        

climate1 a half  acre ( l&1 intellig5tly
 cultivat$1 w\ld produce a supply ( food
  amply suffici5t to support "o c[ ?r\gh
 ! ye>1 & circum/ances  favor+1 ,i      
det]m9$ to try ! exp]im5t4 ,9 ,april1   
#ahgf1 ,i became  own] ( a lot two      
hundr$ & fifty feet long by "o hundr$ & 
tw5ty  wide 9 ! re> ( my premises--!    
great] portion hav+ be5 us$ z  a grass  
plot = a horse4 ,i imm$iately began by  
f5c+ (f a portion  "o hundr$ & tw5ty    
feet by two hundr$1 runn+ a wagon-way   
eight  feet wide d[n ! c5t]1 :i*1 ) !   
space occupi$ by ! /able  7say tw5ty by 
?irty feet71 left ne>ly tw5ty-two ?\s&  
feet1 or  )9 a fraction ( half an acre1 
= actual cultivation4 ,! l& 0  a s&y    
loam1 cov]$ ) a ?ick sod ( ,b]muda & o!r
 grasses4  ,ye>s be=e x _h be5 cultivat$
 z a m>ket g>d51 b latt]ly  giv5 up to  
grass2 x slop$ to ! s\? suffici5tly to  
favor good  dra9age4 ,9 & ar\nd ! /able 
0 a goodly lot ( manure1 :i*1  dur+     
,april1 0 spread ^u ! l&--"s =ty c>t    
loads4 ,on ,april  tw5tie? ! l& 0       

?or\ghly pl[$ ) a two-horse turn+-pl[1  
& h>r[$ until f9ely pulv]iz$4 ,on ,may  
fir/1 ,i plant$ "o half  ( ! l& 9 ,s\!rn
 field corn1 9 drills two feet ap>t1 ) !
  gra9s ab\t "o in* ap>t4 ,! r[s 7      
l5g?wise1 to r5d] aft]  cultivation m   
conv5i5t4 ,on ,may f\r?1 sug> corn 0 put
 9 "o  half ( ! rema9d]1 plant+ at !    
same di/ance z ! l>g]  v>iety4 ,may     
six?1 ! rema9+ f\r? 0 s[n heavily )     
,g]man  or 8,gold50 ,millet1 9 drills   
twelve in*es ap>t4 ,seasonable %[]s1    
foll[$ by w>m sunny days1 soon produc$ a
 vigor\s & rapid gr[?4  ,on ,may        
fifte5?1 a ,?omas' h>r[ 0 run ov] ! fir/
 plant$ corn1  & six days lat] ov] !    
second plant+1 & ov] ! millet4 ,on ,may 
?irtie?1 ! corn 0 pl[$1 foll[$ by a good
 hoe+4 ,a =tnight  lat]1 a second & la/ 
hoe+ 0 giv54 ,! millet 0 also ho$       
twice1 aft] :i* ! gr[? effectually %ad$ 
! gr\nd1 & ?us  prev5t$ ! gr[? ( we$s4  
,9 ! meantime ,i _h repair$ ! /able1  & 
_h a l>ge door cut into ! side next to !
 orig9al lot1 &  made a /all = our pet  

,j]sey c[4 ,! floor 0 cypress1 ?ree     
in*es  ?ick1 & slop$ slightly f ! mang]4
 ,by actual measurem5t ( !  space       
occupi$ by ! c[--giv+ j room = h] h9d   
feet to cle> !  same1 a tr\gh1 eight    
in*es deep1 & fifte5 wide1 0 made to    
receive  ! ur9e & dropp+s4 ,! /all 0 f\r
 & "o half feet wide1 !  sides com+ only
 half ! l5g? ( ! c[1 & j h] hight4 ,!   
mang] ext5d$ entirely across ! /all1 0  
twelve in*es wide at !  bottom1 &       
eighte5 at ! top1 & twelve deep1 !      
bottom be+ twelve  in*es above ! floor4 
,! fa/5+ consi/$ ( a five-eigh?s iron   
rod1 pass+ f "o side ( ! /all to ! o!r1 
along ! c5t]  ( ! mang]1 & "o in* f x4  
,on ?is rod 0 a r+1 to :i*  0 atta*$ a  
%ort *a9 t end$ 9 a snap-cat*1 to atta* 
to a  r+ fa/5$ to ! head-/all--!        
head-/all be+ made ( good1 broad  lea!r4
 ,usually1 9 turn+ ! c[ out 9 ! morn+1 !
 head-/all  0 unbuckl$ & left 9 ! /able2
 to fa/5 aga9 0 b a mom5t's  "w4 ,by ?is
 arrangem5t ! c[ _h full lib]ty to move 
h] head1  )\t any possibility ( gett+   

fa/5$ by ! halt]4 ,! bottom (  ?is mang]
 0 made ( slats1 "o half in* ap>t1 s t  
no dirt c\ld  collect4 ,= fe$+ wet      
messes1 !re 0 a box made to fit "o end (
  ! mang]1 :i* c\ld be remov$ to be wa%$
 )\t tr\ble4 ,)  pl5ty ( sawdu/1 co/+   
only ! haul+1 p]fect com=t & p]fect     
cleanl9ess 7 matt]s ( c\rse4    ,atta*$ 
to ! /able 0 a lot fifty by fifty feet1 
:]e1 9 pleasant  wea!r1 ! c[ 0 turn$1 b 
free to g 9 & out ( h] /all at          
pleasure4 ,9 ?is lot 0 a tr\gh1 connect$
 ) ! pump1 :]e a  supply ( clean & fre% 
wat] 0 always kept4 ,daily ?is tr\gh 0  
empti$ & ?or\ghly clean$4 ,a c[ may eat 
dirty fe$ occasionally1  b see to x t ! 
wat] %e dr9ks is pure4 ,unless ?is is   
att5d$  to h] milk is unfit = human     
food4    ,! manure tr\gh be+ suppli$ )  
sawdu/1 ! ur9e1 z well z !  dropp+s1 7  
sav$ & remov$ daily to a cov]$ %$ locat$
 9 "o  corn] ( ! lot1 :]e x 0 kept moi/1
 & work$ ov] occasionally4  ,our ,j]sey 
0 due ) h] second calf ab\t ,june       
tw5tie?1 b 0  /ill giv+ milk 9 ,april & 

,may4 ,h] fe$ f ,may fir/ to ,june      
fifte5?1 0 ! run ( a common pa/ure1 ) a 
mess twice daily (  :eat bran & corn    
meal1 ) hay4 ,on ,june fir/ %e 0 dri$ up
 = a  brief re/+ spell4 ,june fifte5? we
 began cutt+ ! sug> corn1 n[  wai/ high4
 ,?is 0 run ?r\gh a cutt] 7mak+ cuts    
?ree-qu>t]s  ( an in*71 & f$ to h] ?ree 
times a day1 fir/ spr9kl+ two  qu>ts (  
:eat bran ov] ! corn1 & cont9u+ ! hay   
fe$ twice  a day4 ,at ! same "t %e 0    
tak5 f ! pa/ure1 n to g on  aga9 until  
?is exp]im5t 0 f9i%$4 ,june tw5ty-second
 h] udd]  0 s di/5d$1 x 0 deem$ prud5t  
to relieve x by milk+4 ,?is  0 done     
twice a day = ?ree days4 ,"h1 at ! ,s\?1
 !re is a  fooli% prejudice aga9/ do+   
?is1 ! belief be+ /rong among  !        
ignorant classes t x w cause ! dea? ( ! 
com+ calf4  ,9 "s in/ances ,i h f\nd x  
necess>y to relieve ! udd] daily  = a   
week be=e calv+2 ,i nev] knew any evil  
to result4 ,at dawn  ,june tw5ty-fif?   
!re 0 a f9e heif] calf beside h]4 ,z    
soon z  conv5i5t ! c[ 0 ?or\ghly milk$1 

& a bucket ( wat]1 ) "o  qu>t ea* ( corn
 meal & :eat bran /irr$ 91 & a p9* (    
salt1  0 giv5 h]1 & no?+ else except    
wat] = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,at  ev5+ %e 0   
aga9 milk$ to ! la/ drop1 & ! calf left 
)  h] dur+ ! night4 ,next morn+ a small 
fe$ ( ?ree qu>ts ( :eat  bran1 & "o qu>t
 ( corn meal1 made pretty wet1 0 giv5   
h]1 &  h] udd] aga9 ?or\ghly empti$4    
,aft] milk+1 a small fe$ ( hay  0 giv51 
& a pail ( wat] plac$ ne>4 ,! calf 0    
sep>at$ f  h]1 b )9 sight4 ,at mid-day !
 calf 0 all[$ to take h] fill1  &       
aft]w>ds ! udd] /ripp$4 ,at ev5+1 z ! c[
 seem$ to be  free f any indications (  
fev]1 or inflam$ bag1 %e 0 giv5 a  full 
mess ( corn meal1 :eat bran1 cotton-se$ 
meal1 & hay4 ,h] calf  took h] supp]1 & 
! udd] 0 aga9 /ripp$2 t night ! calf  0 
tak5 f h]1 nev] to suck aga91 z fre%    
milk 9 a city 0 too  valuable to fe$ to 
ev5 a regi/]$ ,j]sey4 ,hav+1 9 ye>s pa/1
 lo/  sev]al v f9e c[s f ov]-fe$+ &     
"u-milk+1 at calv+  "t1 ,i _c urge too  
/rongly :at ,col4 ,geo4 ,e4 ,w>+ calls  

8high  />vation0 at ?is critical p]iod 9
 a c['s life4 ,if a c[ has be5  dec5tly 
c>$ = up to ! day ( calv+1 %e ne$s no?+ 
b re/1  quiet1 & a light ma%1--w>m 9    
cold wea!r--= tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 &  !n b   
light fe$+ = two or ?ree days4 ,b be    
sure to empty h]  udd] completely at    
lea/ twice e tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & if ! c[  
is a deep milk]1 !n ?ree times2 ) ?is   
treatm5t1 ! fe$ c be  gradually increas$
 to all t %e w eat up clean4            
,,tea*+ ,,! ,,calf ,,to ,,dr9k4    ,x is
 a v easy matt] to tea* a calf to dr9k  
milk1 :5 "o has se5  ! ?+ done4 ,next   
morn+ ?is calf 0 impati5t = h] mess (   
w>m  milk1 s1 aft] milk+ h] dam1 ,i took
 a %all[ pan1 & putt+ two  qu>ts ( milk 
into x proce$$ to give ! fir/ lesson 9 a
 calf's  life1 ( do+ )\t a "m4 ,!       
process is v simple2 y m]ely  wet ! fir/
 & second f+]s ( ! left h& ) milk1 &    
place  !m 9 ! calf's m\?1 to give h] a  
ta/e ( :at is 9 /ore4 ,repeat  ?is a few
 times1 !n gradually draw ! pan ne> h]  
m\? ) !  "r h&1 us+ y\r left z above4   

,:5 ! calf p]mits y\r two  f+]s to ent] 
h] m\?1 raise ! pan s t y\r left h& w   
be imm]s$1 & ! calf1 by suction1 w draw 
! milk up betwe5  ! f+]s4 ,at mid-day1  
ano!r mess ( milk1 & a second lesson 0  
giv52 at ev5+ a ?ird4 ,next morn+ !     
process 0 repeat$1 b  9 ?is in/ance %e  
did n ne$ ! f+]s to guide h] to :at 0   
good = h]2 %e readily accept$ !         
situation1 & /uck h] pretty  nose into !
 w>m milk1 :i* rapidly disappe>$ to :]e 
x w\ld d  ! mo/ good4 ,b ) milk wor? t5 
c5ts p] qu>t1 & cream sev5  times z mu*1
 x did n 8pay0 to use six qu>ts daily ( 
ri* ,j]sey  milk 9 ?is way1 s1 aft] a   
=tnight's supply ( ! raw mat]ial1 !  fe$
 0 gradually *ang$ to sweet skim-milk = 
two weeks1 & !n  sub/itut+ hay-tea1 !   
milk ration 0 cut d[n to two qu>ts      
daily4  ,beg9n+ ) a tablespoonful (     
cotton-se$ meal1 ?or\ghly mix$ )  ! fe$1
 ! quantity 0 increas$ 9 t5 days to "o  
p9t daily4 ,at  "o mon? old1 %e 0       
gradually taught to eat bran by /irr+ x 
into  h] food4    ,! prep>ation (       

hay-tea is v simple4 ,nice hay is run   
?r\gh a  cutt]1 & tak+ an ord9>y        
two-gallon pailful1 boil+ wat] is  p\r$ 
^u x2 x is !n cov]$ & all[$ to /eep =   
twelve h\rs4  ,?is makes a mo/ excell5t 
food1 & calves ?rive ^u x4 ,! mo/  /yli%
 & vigor\s calf ,i ev] saw1 0 rais$ ^u  
hay-tea1 ) bran  & cotton-se$ meal z "h 
describ$4 ,i ent] ?us fully into ! be/  
mann] ( rais+ a calf )\t its "m1 = !    
especial b5efit (  my s\!rn read]s1 :]e 
! ?riftless habit ( all[+ ! calf to     
suck its dam1 (t5times until a ye> old1 
s g5]ally prevails4 ,9 ?is  in/ance !   
little heif] got along nicely until two 
mon?s old1 :5 an  aggravat$ attack (    
sc\rs set 91 b by timely doses (        
laudanum 9 a  mess ( w>m gruel1 p\r$ d[n
 h] ?roat twice a day1 = ?ree days1  a  
cure 0 effect$4 ,9 ord9>y cases ( sc\rs1
 a *ange to dry food  w correct x1 b x  
is well to wat* & n to p]mit ! disease  
to become seat$4 ,a few ye>s ago1 a v   
valuable "y ,j]sey heif]1  receiv$ f !  
vic9ity ( ,philadelphia1 0 tak5 9 ?is   

way1 :ile  und]go+ ! usual c\rse (      
acclimation incid5t to nor!rn cattle    
br\ght s\?1 & ! simpl] treatm5t prov+ ( 
no effect1 ,i gave  injections twice a  
day ( rice-wat] & laudanum1 besides     
dr5*+ h]  ) corn-gruel & laudanum4 ,?is 
0 kept up = t5 days2 we c>ri$  h] safely
 ?r\gh1 & h] pres5t value amply         
comp5sates = ! "t  & tr\ble exp5d$4     
,,food ,,( ,,! ,,c[4    ,b let u return 
to ! c[4 ,on ! morn+ ( ,june tw5ty-n9?1 
we  began giv+ h] a fair fe$ ( gre5     
corn1 add+ to x :eat bran1 &  cotton-se$
 meal4 ,july second we f$ h] all ! corn 
/alks %e w\ld  eat1 cont9u+ to add bran 
& cotton meal1 giv+ f\r qu>ts ( !  =m] &
 two ( ! latt]2 & ?is 0 h] daily food1  
includ+  ! ,g]man ,millet1 treat$ 9 !   
same way1 until ,septemb]4 ,! gre5  food
 0 giv5 ?ree times a day1 b ! bran &    
cotton meal add$  only morn+ & night4   
,occasionally a day's supply 0 cut e>ly 
9 !  morn+1 & all[$ to wilt be=e fe$+1 b
 9 ?is1 z well z 9  _m o!r matt]s1 my   
man-(-all-"w did z circum/ances p]mitt$4

  ,8 v>i\s duties ab\t ! place gave him 
b little "t to r$uce to  an exact sy/em 
! c>e & fe$ ( a c[4 ,%e _h a good /able1
 &  pl5ty to eat1 receiv$ daily a good  
bru%+1 & 0 treat$ k9dly4  ,yet1 %e 0 our
 s]vant 7& a mo/ fai?ful "o %e 071 & we 
7  n h]'s1 or slaves to any arbitr>y    
clock-"w regul>ity4 ,%e 0  f$ & milk$ at
 regul> int]vals1 b beyond ?is x 0 n    
always  conv5i5t to h regul> h\rs at h] 
/able4 ,we did n keep h] z  an          
exhibition ( a model c[ 9 a model /able1
 & to exemplify a model  sy/em ( c>e &  
keep4 ,l ?\s&s all ov] ! l&1 we kept h] 
simply = ! pr(it %e yield$1 9 ! way (   
milk & butt]4 ,x has  (t5 /ruck me1 9   
read+ ! _m sugge/ions & h9ts ab\t h[ to 
keep a c[1 to be f\nd 9 "s agricultural 
& live-/ock j\rnals1  t 7 !y all c>ri$  
into practical op]ation1 x w\ld take !  
entire "t ( two able-bodi$ m5 to att5d  
"o animal--"o to be always  on h& dur+ !
 day1 ! o!r to s]ve at night4 ,n[ common
 s5se  is a good ?+1 ev5 :5 appli$ to ! 
managem5t ( c[s1 & my  exp]i5ce conv9ces

 me t ! av]age man wi%es only to "k !   
*eape/ & easie/ way to h an abundant    
supply ( ri*1 :olesome1  & clean milk1 &
 ) pride en\gh 9 ! possession ( a good  
c[ to  furni% a good %elt] & com=table  
qu>t]s4 ,beyond ^!1 bre$]s  ( fancy &   
high-pric$ /ock may g to any extreme1 & 
f9d a pay+  bus9ess 9 do+ s1 b ! village
 or city own] ( "o or two c[s1  kept    
solely = 8 own use1 c n af=d to indulge 
9 any ( ?is  8upp]-t5dom0 /yle ( c[     
life2 x won't pay him4 ,z a r[ ( corn 0 
cut & f$1 ! l& 0 pl[$1 manur$1 & m corn 
7common field7  drill$ 9 ?ick1 s t !    
gr\nd = ! :ole summ] pres5t$ !          
appe>ance ( an exp]im5tal corn field1 ) 
corn at e /age ( its  gr[?4    ,?is 0   
kept up ?r\gh ! mon?s ( ,july1 ,augu/1  
,septemb]1 &  ,octob]4 ,inde$1 ! half ( 
?is yield 0 m ?an suffici5t =  keep+ !  
c[ 9 sup]b condition1 s t mu* ! great]  
portion 0  cut 9 ! tassell+ /age & cur$ 
= w9t] fe$4 ,aft] ,septemb]  beg9s1 x w 
n d to s[ corn2 ! worms de/roy x1 b 9   
our  s\!rn ,bean1 or 8c[ pea10 we h "o (

 ! v be/ ( soil+  crops4 ,s[n ei!r      
broadca/1 or 9 drills1 x does equally   
well1 makes a  rapid gr[?1 & af=ds a    
tempt+ & nutriti\s food = cattle4 ,x    
gr[s until *eck$ by fro/1 & ,i "k ( no  
plant1 save ,indian corn1  t produces m 
weight to a giv5 quantity ( l&4 ,9 ?is  
in/ance  we f$ x daily dur+ ,octob] &   
late into ,novemb]1 be=e a fro/ put  an 
end to its use 9 its gre5 /ate4         
,anticipat+ a fro/1 x 0 cut  & cur$ =   
w9t] fe$4 ,prop]ly cur$1 no hay equals x
 = cattle4    ,novemb] tw5ty-f\r? our c[
 w5t into w9t] qu>t]s1 & = h]  w9t] fe$ 
!re 7 ov] f\r ?\s& eight hundr$ p\nds ( 
well  cur$ corn-fodd]1 & "o ?\s& five   
hundr$ p\nds ( good pea-v9e  hay--f> m  
?an %e c\ld consume4    ,e>ly 9         
,decemb]1 aft] spread+ ov] ! l& all !   
manure on h&1  x 0 pl[$ aga9 ) a        
two-horse turn+ pl[1 & s[$ ?ickly to    
oats1 h>r[+ !m 94 ,a seasonable ra9 gave
 !m a good />t1 s  !y 7 well prep>$ = ! 
vicissitudes ( w9t]--a good /& &        
vigor\s gr[?4 ,! c[ n[ receiv$ a daily  

ration ( corn fodd] &  pea hay1 run     
?r\gh ! cutt]1 & aft] mix+ ?or\ghly ?ree
 qu>ts  ( :eat bran & "o qu>t (         
cotton-se$ meal1 7 wet ) wat]  7w>m 9   
cold wea!r74 ,?is 0 giv5 h] 9 ! morn+1 &
 ! same  quantity at ev5+4 ,! corn fodd]
 & pea-hay = a day's fe$ 7  fifte5 p\nds
 ( ea*1 m or less4 ,on ?is food %e 0    
kept ?r\gh  ! w9t]1 giv+ milk ( excell5t
 quality1 & 9 good quantity4    ,9      
,febru>y1 %e 0 te!r$ e fair day 9 !     
oats1 & 9 ,m>*1  we f$ h] a good mess ( 
fre% cut oats1 /ill1 h[ev]1 keep+ up !  
w9t] fe$ ( corn fodd]1 pea-hay1 :eat    
bran1 & cotton meal4 ,ab\t  ,april fir/1
 ! fe$ ( gre5 oats 0 increas$ to all %e 
w\ld eat1  fe$+ ?ree times daily1 & !   
excell5ce ( ?is diet 0 %[n by a  m>k$   
increase 9 ! quantity ( h] milk4 ,?\gh  
due to calve aga9 9  ,july1 %e cont9u$  
to supply a family ( t5 p]sons ) an     
abundance  ( milk4 ,late 9 ,april1 :5 ! 
oats 7 9 ! milk /ate1 !y 7  cut & cur$ =
 hay1 mak+ a little ov] a ton ( good    
food4    ,^u summ+ up ! result1 ! foll[+

 doll> & c5ts view ( !  exp]im5t (      
su/a9+ a c[ on a half acre is submitt$4 
,! labor  exp5d$ 9 cultivation is n put 
d[n z an item ( exp5se1 z !  c>riage    
horse 0 us$ 9 pl[+1 & ! hir$ man did !  
re/4                                    
,dr4        ,to #a1ejj p\nds ,:eat      
,bran1 at #ij;c4                        
#ac4ej      0    #bjj p\nds ,corn ,meal1
 at #gj;c4                        #a4dj 
0    #hjj p\nds ,cotton-se$ ,meal1 at #a
                   #h4jj      0    #cjj 
p\nds ,hay1 at #ge;c4                   
#b4be                                   
------         ,total                   
#be4ae                                  
,cr4        ,by sale ( #b1bjj p\nds (   
,corn-fodd]1 at #fj;c4 #ac4bj           
0     #b1ajj p\nds ( ,oats1 at #ge;c4   
#ae4ge                                  
------                                  
#bh4ie        ,pr(it                    
#c4hj    ,b ! pr(it above %[n does n    
express ! real pr(it4 ,a ye>'s  cont9u\s
 supply ( ri* milk 9 abundance1 = a l>ge

 h\sehold1 cream  = special occasions1 &
 t be/ ( luxuries1 delici\s home-made   
butt]1 & "o hundr$ doll>s = ! little    
heif] :5 six mon?s  old1 aggregate !    
*ief results ( ! exp]im5t4    ,= ! be/  
results 9 soil+1 no crop comp>es1 z f> z
 my  exp]i5ce goes1 ) our ,s\!rn v>iety 
( ,indian corn2 on ri* l&  x produces   
m>vell\sly4 ,i h rais$ x at ! rate ( "o 
hundr$  ?\s& p\nds 7or fifty tons7 p]   
acre4 ,!re is no difficulty 9  produc+  
?ree crops 9 "o season on ! same l&4 ,b 
cattle ne$  a v>iety ( food 9 soil+1 z 9
 o!r =ms ( fe$+4 ,oats are  excell5t1 & 
come 9 e>ly4 ,cat-tail ,millet 78,pe>l  
,millet07 is a rapid  gr[]1 b cattle are
 n specially fond ( x2 !y l ,g]man      
,millet  bett]4 ,g>d5 7or ,engli%7 ,peas
 make an excell5t food1 com+ into use  9
 ,m>*1 & la/+ to ,june4 ,i rememb] "o   
ye> ,i produc$ five crops  = soil+1 on !
 same l&1 9 "o ye>1 namely3 oats1 ?ree (
 corn1  & "o ( c[-peas4 ,! la/ nam$ is a
 sup]b food late 9 ! ye>1  aft] corn has
 gone4 ,i h nev] exp]im5t$ ) roots1 nor 

am ,i aw>e  ( any be+ cultivat$ 9 ! ,s\?
 z a soil+ crop4 ,cabbages set out  9   
,septemb] & ,octob] w be ready = fe$+ 9 
,decemb]1 & w1  next to corn1 produce ! 
l>ge/ weight ( gre5 food4 ,"o ye> ,i f$ 
!m to a consid]able ext5t1 & f\nd my c[s
 7 v p>tial to  !m4 ,by beg9n+ )        
cabbages 9 ,decemb]1 to be succe$$ by   
oats 9  ,m>*1 !n peas1 corn1 & millet1  
to w9d up 9 ,novemb] ) c[-pea1  a c[ 9  
our climate c be soil$ e day 9 ! ye>4   
,illu/ration    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4     
#c4--,,! ,,j]sey ,,c[ 8,,rosalee40      
,,! ,,village ,,c[ ,,9 ,,new ,,engl&4   
,,be+ ,,! ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,! ,,keep]4     
,,by ,,h5ry ,e4 ,,alvord1 ,,ea/hampton1 
,,mass4      ,9 writ+ ^u ?is subject !  
n>rative =m is conv5i5t1 & :ile  x _c be
 claim$ t ?is is entirely a 8true /ory10
 x may be said  to be f\nd$ on fact4    
,p]sonal exp]i5ce is my basis1 & :atev] 
(  fancy may be int]wov5 ) ! facts w\ld 
h be5 q practicable1  & all ought to h  
occurr$ z n>rat$1 if all did n4    ,let 
me premise by say+ t ,i own a com=table 

little home 9 a  village ( a few ?\s&   
inhabitants1 n a ?\s& miles f ,new      
,york1 support+ my family by a mod]ate  
income e>n$ f day to day1  & my         
occupation is su* z to enable me to sp5d
 an av]age ( ?ree  h\rs ( daylight on my
 place1 f ! middle ( ,m>* to ! middle  (
 ,octob]1 & occasionally a :ole day     
besides4 ,?us ,i c make &  c>e = my     
g>d51 :i* = "s ye>s has uni=mly be5 an  
excell5t  "o1 q a model1 ?\gh ,i say x4 
,( ?is sort ( "w ,i h always  be5 v     
fond1 z well z ( dome/ic animals1 all   
k9ds ( :i* 7  famili> to me :5 a boy4   
,,may #a,,/1 #ahge4--;,= sev]al ye>s ,i 
h kept m or less p\ltry1 &  sometimes a 
pig2 !re is s mu* f a good g>d5 t is    
o!rwise  wa/$4 ,! ambition ( ! family is
 to own a horse & a c[4 ,x has  be5     
talk$ ab\t a good deal1 b we are agre$ t
 ! horse w\ld be  a pure luxury1 9 our  
circum/ances1 & mu/ wait4 ,! c[ ,i h    
felt  w\ld be a luxury too1 t is1 co/ m 
?an x w\ld produce1 b on  ?is po9t !    
good wife has diff]$ ) me1 claim+ t x   

w\ld be  a real economy4 ,x has be5 a "p
 ( our dome/ic policy to use milk &     
butt] lib]ally1 !reby keep+ d[n !       
but*]'s bill & buy+ v  little l>d4 ,( ! 
value ( milk z an article ( food1 9 its 
natural  /ate1 & 9 ! _m ways :i* x c be 
us$ 9 cook+1 !re c  be no d\bt1         
especially :]e !re are "y & gr[+ memb]s 
(  ! family4 ,/ill1 ,i h be5 skeptical  
on ! economy ( keep+ a  c[1 & to conv9ce
 me1 ! help-meet rec5tly prov$1 f well  
kept  acc\nts1 t dur+ ! la/ two ye>s !re
 h be5 consum$ by our  family ( five    
p]sons1 "o ?\s& five hundr$ & =ty-five  
qu>ts  ( milk1 av]ag+ sev5 c5ts a qu>t1 
& ?ree hundr$ & sixty-"o  p\nds ( butt]1
 av]age price ?irty-?ree c5ts a p\nd4   
,^! h  am\nt$ to a ca% exp5diture ( "o  
hundr$ & ?irte5 doll>s &  sixty-f\r c5ts
 a ye>1 :i* 0 a decid$ surprise to me1 &
 feel+  pretty sure ! exp5se ne$ n exce$
 two doll>s a week1 ,i yield$  to !     
argum5t2 am ! own] ( a c[1 & "h record !
 result (  my exp]im5t4 ,"o ( ! pleasant
 spr+ days ( la/ week1 we took a  drive 

among ! f>ms ( ! vic9ity1 & select$ a   
good look+ c[  :i* _h j dropp$ h] second
 calf4 ,! price paid 0 sixty-five       
doll>s1 to be deliv]$ to me to-day1 )\t 
! calf4 ,! man ,i b\ght  ( call$ h]     
8pure ,ald]ney10 b %e looks l>ge ( h]   
age = t  race1 weigh+ some:at ov] sev5  
hundr$ p\nds1 & if1 two or ?ree         
g5]ations back !re 0 a cross ( ,ayr%ire1
 or ( ,gu]nsey1 x is all  ! bett]4 ,my  
belief is t %e has a /reak ( ,ayr%ire   
blood1 &  t %e w make a f9e c[4 ,be+    
?ree ye>s old next mon? 7exact  date    
unkn[n71 x has be5 decid$ t our c[ is to
 be kn[n z 8,june40    ,,may #a,,/1     
#ahgf4--,:5 8,june0 0 b\ght1 x 0 9 !    
full expectation  t pa/urage c\ld be    
hir$ 9 a small lot adjo9+ ! re> ( m9e4  
,i suppos$ x 0 fix$1 b ! spr+ _h be5    
favorable1 ! grass  on ! mead[ promis$  
well1 & ! own] conclud$ he w\ld m[ x1  s
 t arrangem5t fell ?r\gh4 ,by t "t ,i 0 
too late to secure  room 9 ! only pa/ure
 conv5i5t to ! village1 & ,i h be5  =c$ 
to keep h] 9 ! /able & a small /able    

y>d1 ! :ole ye>4  ,! result is m ?an    
satisfactory1 consid]+ ! disadvantage\s 
circum/ances4    ,a ye> ago to-day      
8,june0 arriv$1 9 fair condition1 save t
 h] coat  look$ a little r\gh1 & ) a    
good bag ( milk2 h] daily yield  t mon? 
0 ab\t twelve qu>ts4 ,9 a day or two ,i 
notic$ t :5  9 ! y>d1 %e rubb$ h] neck  
vigor\sly aga9/ ! corn] ( !  /able &    
sometimes back$ up to a build+ or f5ce =
 ! purpose4 ,an  exam9ation prov$ t %e  
_h v]m9 ^u h]2 s ,i made a pail full (  
/rong suds1 ) s(t soap1 & put into x an 
ounce ( sulphuric acid1  & ) ?is ,i     
spong$ ! p>ts infe/$1 twice daily1 = a  
few days4  ,?is seem$ effici5t & !re has
 be5 no su* tr\ble s9ce4    ,= long =age
 8,june0 _h only dry food1 good f9e hay1
 until late  9 ,may1 & !n ,i began to   
give h] a gre5 bite :5ev] ,i c\ld1      
clipp+s f ! y>d1 trimm+s ( e>ly         
vegetables & :atev] !re  0 to sp>e f !  
g>d54 ,besides ?is1 ev]y?+ %e ate _h to 
be  b\ght1 except a few roots us$ s9ce  
,febru>y4 ,a little bran 0 f$ =  ! fir/ 

few days1 & gradually increas$1 s t dur+
 ! summ]  %e receiv$ f\r p\nds daily1 f$
 9 two p>ts1 morn+ & night4  ,lat] 9 !  
season corn-meal 0 add$ to ! ration1 &  
at times oats  7 sub/itut$ = ! bran4 ,9 
! w9t]1 eight p\nds ( meal &  bran1 half
 & half1 mix$1 0 ! daily all[ance4 ,buy+
 hay 9 small  quantities ,i manag$ to   
keep bo? r[5 & clov] hay on h&1 "s (  x 
v fre%1 & c\ld ?us v>y ! dry food4      
,also1 = v>iety1 ,i  frequ5tly gave "o  
cut fe$ a day1 moi/5$4 ,besides ?is1 ,i 
obta9$  & work$ 91 dur+ ! summ]1 a lot (
 half-ripe oats1 9 ! /raw1  :i* _h lodg$
 & 7 cur$ l hay4 ,! food1 al?\gh ?us (t5
  *ang$1 0 *ang$ c>efully4    ,9 my g>d5
 ,i made a l>ge p>snip b$1 & foll[$ my  
e>lie/ peas  ) c>rots1 s t 9 ! fall !re 
7 sev]al bu%els ( ^!  roots4 ,! c>rots 7
 buri$ 9 ! g>d51 a mell[ loam1 & !      
p>snips left 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! =m] 7 op5$   
dur+ a ?aw 9  ,febru>y1 & a few f$ to   
8,june0 ea* day1 la/+ until ! end (     
,m>*2 by t "t ,i c\ld get ! p>snips & !y
 h j giv5  out4 ,:5 ,i began ! roots !  

gra9 0 gradually )held & %e has  _h none
 s9ce ,febru>y4 ,^! roots h _h a mo/    
app>5t effect1  giv+ h] coat a bright1  
?rifty look1 & %e is 9 f9e condition  = 
calv+1 :i* is expect$ 9 t5 days4 ,b !   
roots made x h>d  to dry (f ! c[4 ,%e 0 
%r9k+ 9 milk fa/ :5 we began on  !      
c>rots1 !n />t$ up aga9 & 0 giv+ ab\t   
?ree qu>ts a  day 9 ,m>*1 :5 ! milk 7&  
especially ! cream7 began to h a  %>p1  
unpleasant1 bitt] ta/e1 & we soon _h to 
give up us+ x4  ,x !n took a =tnight to 
dry h] (f1 :i* 0 done by less5+  !      
roots1 milk+ n q dry1 !n only once a    
day1 & once 9 two  days4 ,wat] has be5  
(f]$ ?ree times a day1 ?r\gh ! ye>1 all 
%e w\ld dr9k1 salt has always be5 )9 h] 
rea*4 ,all summ]1 &  e mild1 dry day 9  
w9t]1 8,june0 has pass$ "s h\rs 9 !     
/able  y>d4 ,a l>ge am\nt ( b$d+ has be5
 necess>y1 & = ?is ,i h  us$ ! wa/e hay1
 ! rak+s ( ! y>d la/ autumn1 ! scrap+s  
( ! g>d5 walks1 g>d5 litt]1 & ! leaves f
 a r[ ( maple  trees 9 front ( ! h\se1  
c>efully sav$ = ! purpose4 ,s mu* 9  !  

/all1 8,june0 has requir$ m p]sonal c>e1
 & x has be5 made a  rule to rub & bru% 
h] body en\gh to keep x clean & free f  
dead  sk94 ,b ,i nev] use a h>% c>d2    
no?+ is bett] = rubb+ ?an a  piece ( old
 se9e or v co>se bagg+4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t !  
c[1 too1  is kept clean & sweet4    ,!  
result ( ?is cont9u\s /abl+ has be5 a   
rapid accumulation (  manure1 & ?is hav+
 be5 mix$ ) all ! suitable refuse ( !   
place1 & =k$ ov] sev]al times1 ,i ?is   
spr+ h on h& a huge  pile ( ri* compo/4 
,x is m ?an c be us$ on ! g>d51 & !     
new] "p has be5 cord$ up "u a tempor>y  
%$ = sale or future  use4 ,?is alone    
well pays = all my extra "w 9 keep+ !   
c[1 z ,i  h ye>ly be5 oblig$ to buy = ! 
g>d54    ,our plan dur+ ! ye> has be5 to
 sell a little milk to neighbors1 set   
aside two qu>ts daily = family use1     
cream & all4 ,! cream f !  rema9d] has  
be5 made into butt]1 & an accurate      
acc\nt kept ( !  butt] produc$4    ,!   
foll[+ is ! result ( ?is fir/ ye> keep+ 
"o c[3                       ,,exp5ses3 

,int]e/ #g p] c5t on co/ ( c[  #d4ee    
#d tons ( ,hay1 av4 #bj                 
#hj4jj      #ejj lbs ,oats 9 /raw       
#d4be      #ifj lbs4 ,:eat ,bran1  #a4bj
        #aa4eb      #cej lbs4           
,corn-,meal  #a4aj           #c4he      
#d bus4 ,oats  #ee;c4                   
#b4bj                                   
------            ,exp5d$               
#ajf4cg      ,less #djj lbs4 ,hay on h& 
#c4jj                                   
------        ,ye>'s exp5se             
#ajc4cg                                 
,,returns3        #aee qts4 ,milk sold  
#g;c4           #aj4he      #caa qts4   
,skim-milk1  #c;c4            #i4cc     
------        ,sales                    
#bj4ah      #fbj qts4 ,milk = family1   
#g;c4     #dc4dj      #abc lbs4 ,butt]  
made1  #ce;c4        #dc4je             
------        ,ye>'s return             
#ajf4fc                                 
,memor&um--,co/          #ajc4cg        
,less sales      #bj4ah                 
------                                  

#hc4ai      ,plus pur*ases--       #hh  
qts4 ,milk                        #f4af 
#eb lbs4 ,butt]                         
#af4fd                                  
------      ,c[ products co/ family     
#aje4ii                                 
,"h is a net balance ( ?ree doll>s &    
tw5ty-six c5ts 9 favor (  ! c[1 )\t     
all[+ any?+ = ! abundant supply (       
skim-milk  & butt]-milk :i* has be5     
pr(itably us$ 9 ! p\ltry y>d z  well z  
at ! h\se--or = ! big compo/ heap1 :i*  
c\ld readily be  sold4    ,! figures    
also %[ t ! family has _h a bett] supply
 ( c[  products ?an la/ ye>1 at sev5    
doll>s & sixty-five c5ts less  exp5se4  
,no labor is *>g$1 = ,i am n s mu* keep+
 an exact  acc\nt ( ! ma9t5ance ( ! c[1 
z ( ! pr(it ( my keep+  "o1 tak+ c>e (  
h] myself4 ,& no cr$it is giv5 = manure1
 z ,i  mean to apply t to r$uc+ ! co/ ( 
keep+ 9 ! future4 ,!  c[ might h be5 f$ 
at less co/1 b ,i int5d$ to h h] improve
  on my h&s1 & %e has done s4 8,june0 n[
 weighs sev5 hundr$ &  sixty-two p\nds1 

is ab\t to h h] ?ird calf1 & is c]ta9ly 
wor?  m ?an 0 paid = h]4    ,altoge!r1 9
 spite ( unfavorable conditions !re is  
no occasion to  compla9 ( ! result ( !  
ye>4    ,,may #a,,/1 #ahgg4--,la/ spr+1 
my neighbor1 nor?1 0 will+ to let me  h 
8 acre & a half ( mead[ = pa/urage1 b   
want$ ?irty-five  doll>s = ! season4 ,i 
w\ld n pay t1 &1 in/ead1 hir$ a  place =
 8,june0 9 a l>ge pa/ure half a mile or 
m di/ant1 pay+  tw5ty doll>s = ! season1
 ,may fifte5?1 to ,octob] fifte5?1 &    
f\r doll>s to a boy = driv+4 ,on ! n9? (
 ,may1 ! c[ dropp$  a bull calf )\t     
difficulty1 & ,i gave x away ! next day4
 ,no  special c>e 0 ne$$ or giv51 except
 a little caution z to fe$+1  & on !    
fifte5? ! c[ w5t to pa/ure4 ,%e did     
rem>kably well  until e>ly 9 ,july1 be+ 
9 pa/ure dur+ ! day1 & at ! /able  at   
night4 ,!n ! wea!r grew v hot1 ! pa/ure 
dry1 & 8,june0  began to fail rapidly 9 
h] milk2 s ,i comm5c$ fe$+ a little     
bran1  & (f]$ hay :5 %e came up at      
night4 ,lat]1 a fri5d recomm5d$         

cotton-se$ meal1 & a hundr$ weight ( t 0
 obta9$ & f$ )  good results1 two or    
?ree p\nds a day4 ,augu/ 0 a mon? (     
int5se  dry heat1 & ! pa/ure became (   
little use except = ! ex]cise1  %ade1 & 
wat]4 ,9 spite ( meal & hay f$ at night1
 8,june's0 yield  ( milk %rank to ?ree  
qu>ts a day1 & we fe>$ %e w\ld g dry4   
,augu/ fif?1 ,i made ! *ange ( s5d+ h]  
to pa/ure j be=e  six o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 
z ! boy w5t aft] ! o!r c[s1 &  br++ h]  
up to ! /able 9 ! morn+1 :]e ,i kept h] 
dur+ !  day4 ,?is 0 an improvem5t1 &    
also gave bett] opportunity ( fe$+      
sweet corn /alks1 vegetable trimm+s & ! 
l1 fre% f !  g>d54 ,! gra9 0 cont9u$    
?r\gh ,augu/1 & %e ate m or less  hay4  
,at ! end ( ! mon? %e 0 giv+ ov] a      
gallon ( milk a day4  ,ra9s came e>ly 9 
,septemb]1 ! pa/urage soon became good  
aga91 &  ! daily mess ( milk /eadily    
increas$ until ,novemb]4 ,by t "t  %e 0 
9 ! /able = ! w9t]1 & ! treatm5t s9ce   
has be5  practically a repetition ( la/ 
ye>4 ,my root pat* 9 ! g>d5 0  enl>g$1 z

 ! result ( la/ ye>'s exp]i5ce1 &       
accord+ly ,i put  eight or t5 bu%els (  
c>rots into my cell> 9 ,octob]1 cov]+ !m
  ) s&1 & left a f9e lot ( p>snips 9 !  
gr\nd4 ,i began fe$+  ! c>rots 9        
,janu>y1 two or ?ree a day1 j = a reli%2
 gradually  increas$ !m1 until 9        
,febru>y ! c[ receiv$ half a peck or m1 
& ?us !y la/$ into ,m>*4 ,!n ,i dri$ h] 
(f1 gett+ ! la/  milk to use ,m>*       
tw5ty-eigh?4 ,gra9 fe$+ 0 /opp$ ! fir/ (
  ,m>*1 & %e has _h none s9ce4 ,aft] !  
c[ 0 fully dry1 ,i began  on ! p>snips1 
& %e is n[ gett+ half a peck daily1 )   
all !  hay %e w eat4 8,june0 w be fre%  
aga9 on ! tw5tie? ( ?is  mon?4    ,!    
season has n satisfi$ me4 ,n only has ! 
wea!r be5  unfavorable1 7we mu/ expect  
sev]e summ]s occasionally17 b ,i don't  
l s5d+ ! c[ to a di/ant pa/ure :i* ,i c 
"k v little  ab\t1 & :]e nobody kn[s h[ 
! o!r animals treat h]4 ,i %all  nev] d 
?is aga9 if any o!r arrangem5t c be     
made4    ,! acc\nt = ! ye> is z foll[s3 
,,exp5ses4        ,int]e/ at #g p] c5t4 

on co/ ( c[   #d4ee      ,hay f la/ ye> 
#c4jj      #b tons ,timo?y ,hay  #ah    
#de4jj      ,pa/urage & driv+           
#bd4jj      #gej lbs4 ,:eat ,bran  #a4aj
               #h4be      #dej lbs4     
,corn-,meal  #a                   #d4ej 
#ajj lbs4 ,cotton-se$ ,meal             
#b4jj                                   
------        ,exp5d$                   
#ia4cj      ,less hay on h&             
#b4jj                                   
------        ,ye>'s exp5se             
#hi4cj                                  
,,returns4        #db qts ,milk sold at 
#f;c4                 #b4gc      #bhf   
qts4 ,skim-milk sold at #c;c4           
#h4eh                                   
------        ,sales                    
#aa4ca      #fdj qts4 ,milk = family1 at
 #f;c4        #da4fj      #aji lbs4     
,butt] made  #cb;c4              #cd4hh 
------        ,ye>'s returns            
#hg4gi                                  
,memor&um--,co/                #hi4cj   
,less sales           #aa4ca            

------                                  
#gg4ii      ,plus pur*ases--        #hf 
qts4 ,milk  #f;c4                       
#e4ei        #gj lbs4 ,butt]  #cj;c4    
#ba4jj                                  
------      ,c[ products co/ family     
#ajd4eh    ,comp>+ ?is ) la/ ye>'s      
/atem5t1 x w be se5 t al?\gh  !re is a  
small balance aga9/ ! c[1 %e is /ill1   
all ?+s  consid]$1 a pr(itable "p ( !   
dome/ic e/abli%m5t4    ,,may #a,,/1     
#ahgh4--;,dissatisfi$ ) ! la/ ye>'s     
managem5t1 & see+  t !re w\ld la/ spr+  
be a l>ge surplus ( f9e compo/ on h&1  m
 pr(itable to use ?an to sell1 ,i plann$
 a new arrangem5t 9 !  autumn ( #ahgf = 
keep+ my "o c[4 ,fir/1 ,i secur$ ! mead[
 we/  ( my lot1 r5t+ x f ! own] f       
,octob] fir/1 #ahgf1 until  ,april fir/1
 ?is ye>1 = ?irty doll>s4 ,! acre & a   
half yield$  ab\t two tons ( hay 9      
#ahgf1 b no r[52 ! aft]ma? 0 good1      
h[ev]1 :5 ,i came 9 possession4 ,! s\?  
end ( x1 al?\gh 9  good he>t1 0 we$y &  
unev54 ,i drove "s /rong /akes1 & ran a 

wire f5ce across1 9 cont9uation ( my    
s\!rn b\nd>y1 ?us cutt+  (f j ab\t a    
qu>t] ( an acre 9 re> ( my neighbor1    
s\?4 ,?is  piece ,i dress$ ) compo/ made
 ! summ] j prec$+1 & _h x  pl[$ &       
cross-pl[$ be=e ! gr\nd froze1 9        
prep>ation = a  root crop4 ,! soil is a 
deep1 mell[1 s&y loam1 b ri*4 ,la/ spr+ 
! new root pat* 0 pl[$ once1 well dress$
 f ! compo/ pile (  #ahge-f1 & t h>r[$  
94 7,!re 0 en\gh ( ! same compo/ =  my  
g>d51 & to sp>e1 s la/ ,june !re 0 /ill 
on h& ! manure  ( ab\t a ye>'s          
collection put up 9 good %ape47 ,! re/ (
 ! "w  ,i 0 able to d myself4 ,my       
root-g>d51 laid out 9 r[s runn+ nor?  & 
s\?1 0 divid$ z foll[s3 eight squ>e rods
 ( p>snips next  to neighbor1 s\?1 on ! 
slope1 :]e !y caught ! wa% f 8  g>d52   
twelve squ>e rods ( c>rots & t5 rods (  
mangolds2 9 !  po9t we/ to ! /ream ,i   
put sweet corn at fir/1 & foll[$ x )    
/rap-leaf$ turnips1 t5 squ>e rods4 ,)\t 
go+ into ! details (  root-culture1 :i* 
any "o :o has made a good g>d5 kn[s all 

ab\t1  ,i put into my h\se cell> la/    
fall fifty-two bu%els ( ,long ,orange   
,c>rots1 & ov] =ty bu%els ( ,long ,yell[
 ,mangel ,wurzels 7^!  mon/r\s1 twi/$1  
=k$ roots are awkw>d ?+s to measure1 b  
!re mu/ h be5 a ton or m 9 weight71 left
 9 ! gr\nd f  tw5ty to tw5ty-five bu%els
 ( ,holl[-cr[n$ ,p>snips1 & h>ve/$      
?irty-six bu%els ( ,engli% ,turnips4    
,?is 0 m ?an ,i _h b>ga9$  =4 ,i see n[ 
t roots en\gh might h be5 rais$ 9 my old
 g>d51  & ! p>snips w\ld h done mu*     
bett] !re1 b ,i sold tw5ty  bu%els ea* (
 c>rots & turnips = m ?an en\gh to cov] 
all  exp5ditures = se$ & hir$ labor4    
,a ye> ago to-day1 ,i turn$ 8,june0 into
 h] new pa/ure ( an acre & a  qu>t]2 !  
grass 0 !n />t+ well1 & ,i pref]r$ to h 
!  *ange gradual4 ,%e ate m or less hay 
until ! end ( ! mon?4  ,doors & gates 7 
s fix$ t %e c\ld be 9 /all1 y>d1 or     
pa/ure at pleasure1 & c\ld dr9k at !    
/ream bord]+ ! mead[4      ,,calv+ ,,&  
,,aft]-,,treatm5t4    ,on ! eighte5? (  
,may1 h] bag began to swell1 & became   

fev]i%4  ,a qu>t or two ( wat]y milk 0  
drawn at int]vals ( eight h\rs =  ! next
 ?ree days1 & ! udd] 0 ba!d z (t5 9     
tepid wat]1  & g5tly b ?or\ghly rubb$ ) 
goose oil1 9 :i* camphor-gum  _h be5    
dissolv$4 ,ea* day1 also1 %e 0 giv5 a   
qu>t] ( a p\nd  ( ,epsom ,salts1        
dissolv$ 9 a qu>t ( 8tea0 made f        
poke-we$ root  7,phytolacca dec&ra71 :i*
 all druggi/s n[ keep 9 /ore2 ?is  0    
adm9i/]$ z a 8dr5*10 f a bottle1 h] head
 be+ held up  :ile %e swall[$ x4 ,on !  
morn+ ( ! tw5ty-second1 be+ two  days   
ov]due1 %e calv$1 hav+ a h>d "t1 b      
produc+ )\t help  a f9e l>ge heif]4 ,v  
soon aft]1 ,i gave h] a bucket ( cool 7n
  cold7 wat]1 9 :i* 0 /irr$ a qu>t (    
:eat bran1 a half p\nd (  l9se$-meal1   
previ\sly scald$1 & a h&ful ( pulv]iz$  
poke or  g>get root4 ,?is mess 0 repeat$
 at noon1 & ! bag milk$ dry4 ,a  little 
lat]1 ! aft]-bir? naturally pass$ (f & 0
 remov$4 ,!  udd] rema9$ hot1 knotty1 & 
s t5d] t :5 ! calf suck$ ,i _h  to      
protect x f ! "m's kicks1 & also to     

prev5t x f tak+  "o teat :i* 0 extremely
 sore4 ,f ?is qu>t] ,i c>efully drew !  
milk ) "o ( a set ( f\r 8milk+-tubes10  
:i* ,i b\ght two ye>s  ago to d my      
milk+1 b soon disc>d$2 "h !y came 9 use1
 j !  ?+ want$1 b "o z good z f\r4 ,at  
night ,i milk$ dry1 gave a dose  ( half 
a p\nd ( ,salts1 ) "o ounce ( ,nitre1 & 
a w>m ,bran-ma%4  ,! bag 0 well rubb$ z 
be=e4 ,! c[ ate "s hay dur+ ! night1  & 
a few cabbage spr\ts 9 ! morn+4 ,t day  
7tw5ty-?ird71 %e  0 on ! pa/ure a little
 :ile1 & _h a full bag ( milk1 b /ill   
hot & t5d]4 ,! calf 0 sep>at$ f ! c[ at 
daylight1 &  all[$ to suck f\r times    
dur+ ! day1 ! bag be+ milk$ dry1 &  !n  
oil$ & well rubb$ e "t4 ,! b[els appe>+ 
to be 9 a  suffici5tly active /ate1     
appetite improv+1 & h] eyes natural1 !  
physic 0 discont9u$1 ! c[ all[$ to eat  
grass & hay at w1  & = sev]al days !    
calf suck$ at daylight1 noon1 & d>k1 !  
milk left by x be+ all drawn4 ,! bag 0  
rubb$ & ano9t$ two or  ?ree times a day1
 & a little extract ( ,belladonna add$  

to ! oil  us$4 ,"u ?is treatm5t !       
inflammation gradually subsid$4 ,z soon 
z ! c[ w\ld all[ h] calf to take !      
t5d]e/ teat1 ,i kept x on  t side z mu* 
z possible :ile suck+4 ,at ! end ( a    
week aft]  calv+1 ! udd] 0 aga9 9 s\nd  
condition4 ,! calf 0 kept until  ! fir/ 
( ,june1 & !n ! own] ( its sire took x 9
 full =  s]vice ( bull ?ree seasons4 ,we
 !n began to get ! full fl[ (  milk1 & !
 pa/ure be+ good1 x 0 a f9e mess daily4 
,at t "t1  ,i began to measure ! milk1 &
 h done s ev] s9ce4 8,june0 gave  f\r   
hundr$ & eighty-two qu>ts ! mon? %e 0   
five ye>s old1 an  av]age ( sixte5 qu>ts
 a day4    ,until ! la/ ( ,july1 ! c[   
got all h] food f ! pa/ure1 &  "o acre  
w\ld h done z well z "o & a qu>t]4 ,= ! 
next  five or six weeks1 ! grass 0 h>dly
 suffici5t2 x 01 = ?is  p]iod1 bas$ ^u !
 exp]i5ce ( ,augu/1 #ahgf1 t ! corn _h  
be5 provid$4 ,! t5 rods ( ,mammo?       
,sweet1 ?ree hundr$ & fifty to  f\r     
hundr$ hills1 _h be5 put 9 at five      
diff]5t plant+s1 a week  ap>t1 & !      

e>lie/ 0 j =m+ e>s ! la/ ( ,july :5 ,i  
began us+ x1 at fir/ once a day1 !n     
twice4 ,= ea* fe$1 ! :ole  plants ( ?ree
 or f\r hills 7 tak51 & *opp$ 9 a       
/raw-cutt]1  e>s & all1 into two-in*    
l5g?s4 ,?is 0 eat5 ) great reli%1  &    
dur+ ,augu/ ! c[ sp5t mo/ ( ! daytime   
/&+ 9 !  /ream :]e %ad$ by trees & graz$
 at night4 ,! pa/urage improv$  aga9    
be=e ! corn gave out1 s q a nice piece (
 w9t] fodd]  0 sav$ f ! piece4 ,!n all  
?r\gh ,septemb] !re 0 e day  m or less (
 gre5-corn husks1 c>rot & beet tops1 o!r
 vegetable  & fruit trimm+s1 clean      
refuse f h\se & g>d51 good food =  ! c[1
 s t aga9 "o acre ( pa/ure w\ld h       
suffic$4 ,dur+  ,octob]1 ! c>rots &     
mangolds 7 h>ve/$1 & _! tops gave !  c[ 
m ?an %e c\ld manage4 ,i also began fe$+
 turnips ! la/  ( ,octob]1 a few )      
mangel tops at fir/1 increas+ until %e  
ate  m ?an half a bu%el a day1 tops &   
all4 ,be=e ! gr\nd froze1  ! turnips 7  
pil$ 9 ! b>n1 )\t trimm+1 & cov]$ )     
hay2 7 kept safely until ! la/ 7 f$1    

,novemb] tw5ty-eigh?4  ,! problem ( w9t]
 fe$+ really came up ! fir/ ( ,novemb]4 
,i  _h a l>ge supply ( roots on h& ( my 
own rais+1 & ! hay &  gra9 to buy4 ,s ,i
 w5t to ! books1 & aft] /udy+ bo?       
practice  & sci5ce1 decid$ ^u ! foll[+  
daily rations = ! next six  mon?s3      
,novemb] fir/ to ,may fir/1 fifte5 p\nds
 ( mead[ r[5 &  clov] hay1 9 ab\t equal 
p>ts2 "o p\nd ea* ( co>se :eat bran &   
corn-meal1 mix$4 ,dur+ ,novemb]1 "o-half
 bu%el turnips & two p\nds  cotton-se$  
meal2 ,decemb] & ,janu>y1 "o-half bu%el 
c>rots & "o  & "o-half p\nd cotton-se$  
meal2 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 "o-half bu%el    
7or m7 ( mangels & "o p\nd cotton-se$   
meal2 ,april1 "o-half  bu%el p>snips &  
"o & "o-half p\nds cotton-se$ meal2     
also1 "o  hundr$ p\nds additional hay1 &
 my corn-/alks1 = ,febru>y & ,m>*4      
,?is plan has be5 c>ri$ out ) little    
v>iation4 ,( c\rse !  food has n be5    
accurately weigh$ daily4 ,! gra9        
portions1 kept 9  b>rels1 h be5 dipp$   
out ) t9 cups1 b h held out j ab\t  z   

expect$2 ! quantity ( hay & roots has   
be5 guess$ at4      ,,! ,,me?od ,,(     
,,fe$+    & o!r "w at ! /able dur+ !    
w9t] has be5 ?is3 ,betwe5  six & sev5   
o'clock ,a4 ,m4 /all clean$1 c[ bru%$   
(f1 b$d+ &  absorb5ts fix$1 ! milk+     
done1 & !n a fe$ ( six or sev5  p\nds ( 
*aff$ hay1 slightly moi/5$1 & ! bran &  
meal mix$  ) x4 ,aft] ?is1 a bucket (   
wat] left 9 ! /all1 except 9 !  colde/  
wea!r4 ,! bucket is fix$ ne> ! fe$-box1 
s x c n  be tipp$ ov]1 & x has g5]ally  
be5 f\nd empty at noon4 ,at t  h\r1 !   
regul> wat]+1 two or ?ree pailfuls1 & !n
 a small bun*  ( hay ?r[n 9 ! box2 !    
/all clean$ also4 ,betwe5 six & sev5  at
 night1 ! milk+ done & b$d+ fix$1 !     
roots f$1 *opp$ up  pretty f9e ) a      
spade1 & ! cotton-se$ meal spr9kl$ ov]  
!m4  ,hay !n giv51 & ! c[ left = !      
night4    ,x 0 my int5tion to fe$ !     
roots 9 two p>ts1 morn+ & night1  & ,i  
%\ld h pref]r$ ?is1 b my "t 9 ! morn+ 0 
limit$4  ,prep>+ ! roots ov] night1 !y  
sometimes froze1 b ,i c\ld cut !  hay at

 ev5+1 ready = ! morn+ *op-fe$4 ,z "o   
k9d ( root 0  ab\t to give out1 "s ( !  
next to be f$ 7 mix$ 91 & ?us  sudd5    
*anges avoid$4 ,! extra hay & /alks     
calculat$ = ,febru>y  & ,m>* 7 n us$    
exactly 9 ^? mon?s1 b consum$ dur+      
sev]ely cold & w9dy spells1 be+ add$ to 
! usual noon & night  portions4 ,at all 
times1 ! c[ _h1 "u ?is plan1 full z mu* 
z  %e 0 ready to eat up clean4 ,! hay   
left on h& a ye> ago 0 all  us$ la/     
summ]1 & be=e ,novemb] a full load ea* (
 ! be/ r[5  & clov] hay 7 put into !    
b>n1 "o ?\s& six hundr$ & "o  ?\s& f\r  
hundr$ p\nds respectively1 & !re is a   
little left4    ,x ought also to be     
m5tion$ t :ile ! c[ 0 ma9ly f$ on sweet 
corn1 la/ ,july & ,augu/1 ,i 0 oblig$ to
 add ab\t two p\nds (  cotton-se$ meal a
 day1 to give quality to ! milk2 x 0 f$ 
dry1 at  noon4 ,z soon z ! fe$+ ( c>rot 
tops began1 ?is meal 0 omitt$1  b x 0   
aga9 ne$$ :5 turnips 7 sub/itut$ = c>rot
 & beet  tops4 ,! ration ( mangolds 0   
increas$ to ab\t two bu%els 9 ?ree      

days1 because !re 7 pl5ty ( !m1 & my    
h\se cell> be+ r  w>m1 !y comm5c$ to    
rot4 ,i 0 v c>eful to give ! c[ only    
s\nd roots4 ,?is extra food 9 ,febru>y &
 ,m>* result$ 9 a bett]  milk record by 
8,june0 ?an 9 ! two mon?s next prec$+4  
,i %all fe$  m roots ! com+ ye>4 ,!re 7 
m p>snips ?an c\ld be well  us$2 !y 7 n 
ne$$ until ,april1 & ,i sold five       
doll>s' wor?1  z an (fset to :at ! c[   
got f la/ ye>'s kit*5 g>d54 ,! c[  goes 
on to pa/ure to-day4    ,!re=e1 9       
review1 ! c[ has be5 c>ri$ ?r\gh ! ye> )
 !  "o & "o-half acres r5t$ = ?irty     
doll>s1 & =ty-five doll>s  exp5d$ = hay 
& gra94 ,aga9/ ! manure tak5 = my g>d5  
may be plac$ ! clean+s ( ! p\ltry h\se1 
! cont5ts ( !  e>?-closet1 & ! g>d5     
refuse & b$d+1 all ( :i* g into  !      
compo/ heap4 ,! item ( labor alone      
rema9s1 & z all t has  be5 hir$ 7includ+
 ! pl[+ ( ! g>d57 0 paid f sales (      
surplus roots1 no fur!r acc\nt is tak5 (
 t2 my own "t 0 well  sp5t1 z ! balance 
%eet %[s4 ,la/ ,augu/1 we fully det]m9$ 

t  x w\ld be bett] = ! family c[ to be  
fre% 9 ,septemb] ?an 9  ! spr+4 ,! heat 
( summ] is ! "t :5 x is mo/ difficult to
  keep a c[ prop]ly f$ = a good fl[ (   
ri* milk on a little place  l ?is4 ,x is
 ! "t :5 milk is pl5ty & *eap1 if "o    
wants to  buy1 & mo/ difficult to manage
 or dispose ( if "o has mu* on h&4  ,x  
is almo/ impossible to make good butt] 9
 dog-days1 liv+ z we  d1 ) no special   
appliances1 & x is n wor? :ile = u to   
get  a pat5t cream] & a supply ( ice4 ,9
 ! spr+1 we don't want a dry  c[1 b are 
will+ to h "o 9 ,augu/4 ,july1 ) its    
increas+  heat & decreas+ pa/urage1 is a
 favorable "t to dry (f a c[4 ,!  keep] 
( "o c[ c n af=d to h h] dry m ?an six  
weeks 9  ! ye>1 & may manage to h ?is   
p]iod f\r weeks1 or ev5 less4           
,accord+ly1 ,i h arrang$ = 8,june0 to   
come 9 next ,septemb]1 &  %all 9 future 
practice 8w9t]-dairy+40 ,inde$1 we h    
done s !  pa/ season1 = ) lib]al fe$+ ( 
a succul5t "*1 ! c[  has held out well 9
 h] milk4 ,%e is n[ giv+ betwe5 five &  

six  qu>ts a day1 :ile n yet on grass1 &
 h] total yield = elev5  mon?s1 s9ce    
,june fir/ 7or r = ! ye>71 is f\nd to be
 two  ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & =ty-six qu>ts4 
,"h is my ?ird ye>'s  annual acc\nt )   
8,june30                                
,,exp5ses4        ,int]e/ at #g p] c5t4 
on co/ ( c[     #d4ee      ,r5t ( #a    
acres ( l&                   #cj4jj     
,hay left f la/ ye>                     
#b4jj      #a tons ( ,hay b\ght         
#bh4ej      #cej lbs4 ( ,cotton-se$     
,meal & freight    #f4hj      #aei lbs4 
,corn-,meal                             
#a4ej      #bjj lbs4 ,bran  #a4ae p] cwt
               #b4cj                    
------        ,ye>'s exp5se             
#ge4fe                                  
,,returns4        #fhe qts4 ,milk sold  
at #f;c4                 #da4aj         
#dfd qts4 ,skim-milk sold at #b;c4      
#aa4fj                                  
------        ,sales                    
#eb4gj      #fgj qts4 ,milk us$  #f;c4  
#dj4bj      #abg lbs4 ,butt] made       

#cj;c4                #ch4aj            
------        ,ye>'s return             
#aca4jj                                 
,memor&um--,co/ keep+           #ge4fe  
,less sales              #eb4gj         
------                                  
#bb4ie      ,plus pur*ases--        #ee 
qts4 ,milk  #f;c4                       
#c4cj        #ec lbs4 ,butt]  #cj;c4    
#ae4ij                                  
------      ,c[ products co/ family     
#db4ae    ,an absolute pr(it (          
fifty-five doll>s f ! c[ is %[n1 & a    
/ill l>g] sav+ 9 family exp5ses1 besides
 n9e hundr$ qu>ts (  skim-milk &        
butt]-milk us$ 9 ! h\se & p\ltry-y>d &  
giv5  away4 ,! yield ( ! c[ %[s 8,june0 
to be a sup]ior animal1 &  t is :at !   
keep] ( "o c[ %\ld h1 = x co/s little m 
9 food & c>e ?an an ord9>y "o4 ,b if !  
c[ _h be5 only  ( m$ium quality & no new
 milk c\ld be sold1 x w\ld h be5 a      
pr(itable op]ation4 ,& if1 in/ead (     
sell+ new milk1 z mu* butt]  _h be5 made
 z possible1 !re w\ld /ill h result$ a  

balance (  ov] tw5ty doll>s 9 favor ( ! 
c[4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,,plan  
,,( ,,village ,,lot ,,& ,,surr\nd+s4    
,,may #a,,/1 #ahhj4--7,to come )9 !     
requir$ limits ( ?is pap] !  j\rnal ( ! 
la/ two ye>s mu/ be cond5s$4 ,!re=e1    
omitt+  detail$ descriptions1 ! g5]al   
facts are giv51 & "s op9ions  d]iv$ f ! 
five ye>s record$47 ,= ! ye> end+ ,may1 
#ahgi1 !  me?od ( keep+ 8,june0 0 mu* ! 
same z 9 t la/ describ$1  b m roots 7   
rais$ & f$2 "s hay 0 made1 & only /raw  
& gra9 food pur*as$4 ,! result 0 ev5    
bett] ?an t %[n by  ! la/ acc\nt4 ,dur+ 
! ye> j end$1 ! fif? s9ce 8,june0 0     
b\ght1 ,i tri$ soil+1 keep+ ! c[ 9 /all 
& y>d almo/ all  ! "t1 & h actually got 
?r\gh )\t buy+ hay or /raw1  us+ only "o
 acre & a qu>t] to produce all ! long   
=age ne$$4  ,!re is s mu* left ov] t ,i 
am satisfi$ "o acre well manag$1  !     
prep>ation beg9n+ ! previ\s fall1 c be  
made to support my  c[1 ) ! exception ( 
! gra9 food & "p ( ! roots4 ,b  ?is     
requires m "t = labor ?an ,i c give1 & m

 manure ?an  "o c[ makes4 ,i h _h to buy
 f]tiliz]s dur+ ! la/ two ye>s1  &      
al?\gh !y 7 good1 ,i pref] h]eaft] to   
buy food & make  manure1 r ?an buy      
manures to make food4 ,= "o situat$ z ,i
 am1 a  semi-soil+ sy/em1 or limit$     
pa/urage help$ out ) o!r food1 is       
bett]1 ev5 if m food is b\ght4 ,i c be  
sur] ( :at ,i pur*ase1  & ?us use ! "o  
c[ to bett] advantage4    ,illu/ration3 
,fig4 #e4--;,,ea/ ,,end ,,( ,,/able ,,9 
#ahgj4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4           
#f4--,,plan ,,( ,,/able ,,9 #ahgj4      
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--,,s\? ,,side   
,,( ,,/able ,,z ,,adapt$ ,,= ,,p\ltry   
,,9  #ahga-e4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4    
#h4--,,plan ,,( ,,/able1 #ahga-e4       
,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #i & #aj4--;,,ea/  
,,& ,,s\? ,,elevations ,,( ,,/able1 ,,z 
,,*ang$ ,,= ,,p\ltry ,,& ,,c[ ,,9 #ahge4
    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4--,,ma9     
,,floor ,,plan ,,z ,,*ang$ ,,= ,,c[ ,,9 
#ahge4    ,! only secret ( home-made    
manure is to save ev]y?+1 especially all
  liquids1 mix ev]y?+ z already expla9$1

 =k ov] & keep compact1  to make a      
homog5\s compo/1 & keep all "u cov]     
until us$4 ,a v  slight & *eap protect+ 
%$ w suffice4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4    
#ab4--;,,front ,,elevation ,,z ,,*ang$  
,,9 #ahgh4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4       
#ac4--,,plan ,,( ,,b>n ,,basem5t ,,)    
,,new ,,/one ,,f\ndations1  #ahgh4    ,z
 to h\s+1 ,i began ) a pla9 frame /able 
f\nd ^u !  place1 made orig9ally = "o   
horse & a buggy1 & h gradually  *ang$ & 
add$ to x1 do+ mo/ ( ! "w myself1 until 
a v  satisfactory build+ has result$4 ,x
 conta9s room en\gh = a ye>'s  =age1    
includ+ root-cell>1 a w>m1 dry /all1    
conv5i5tly arrang$  = sav+ labor1 ample 
%$-room = compo/1 & a %elt]$ y>d        
conta9+ five or six squ>e rods1 :i* is z
 good z m4 ,!re is  runn+ wat] 9 ! y>d4 
,! plans accompany+ ?is article1 figs4  
#e  to #ac inclusive1 %[ ^! arrangem5ts 
bett] ?an any description 9  writ+4     
8,june0 _h h] fif? calf ,septemb] six?1 
#ahgh1 & h] six? exactly  a ye> lat]4   
,at ! fif? calv+ !re 0 a 8false         

pres5tation10  & a v s]i\s "t4 ,no      
compet5t vet]9>ian 0 )9 rea*1  or else  
"o w\ld h be5 call$4 ,z x 01 ,i look$ up
 ! subject  9 back volumes (            
agricultural pap]s & o!r publications1  
w5t to  "w myself1 & gett+ ! calf into  
prop] position1 succe$$ 9  effect+ a    
deliv]y )\t s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,la/     
,septemb]'s calf  0 a heif]1 & by a f9e 
sire1 s1 z 8,june0 has rea*$ h] prime1  
if  n pass$ x1 ,i am rais+ ?is calf to  
make a new c[ to succe$ !  wor?y dam4   
,mo/ keep]s ( "o c[1 h[ev]1 are s       
situat$ t !y  _h bett] dispose ( calves 
at once4 ,mak+ veal is n z pr(itable z  
mak+ butt]1 & fe$+ skim-milk to *ildr5 &
 *ick5s4    ,9 ord] to h ! products ( ! 
c[ p]fectly satisfactory1 ,i lay  great 
/ress ^u ! utmo/ c>e & cleanl9ess 9     
milk+4 ,fir/1  see t ! /all & all ab\t x
 is 9 ord]1 pure air1 & no du/  fly+1 & 
! udd] & flank ( ! c[ q clean4 ,except 9
 !  colde/ wea!r1 ! udd] is spong$ (f ) 
tepid wat]1 & wip$  dry1 j be=e milk+4  
,!n ,i tru/ no "o to milk = me1 b d x   

myself1 quietly1 quickly1 & completely1 
milk+ into a funnel1 :i*  c>ries ! fluid
 to a cov]$ pail1 :i* s]ves also a seat4
 ,?is new  & truly 8,p]fect0 milk+-pail1
 :i* ,i fir/ saw describ$ 9 !  ,,am]ican
 ,,agriculturi/1 is a great improvem5t  
on all op5 vessels4 ,i  pref] n to h !  
c[ eat+ :ile ,i milk2 %e %\ld give h]   
:ole  att5tion to ! op]ation1 z well z !
 milk]4 ,?is c]ta9ty t  my milk rea*es !
 h\se absolutely pure1 n only satisfies 
u z to  our own cream & butt]1 b makes  
8,june's0 milk 9 great dem& 9 !         
neighborhood4 ,our neighbors s mu* pref]
 x to milkm5's milk t !y  are will+ to  
s5d to ! h\se = x1 & pay m ?an ! usual  
village price4 ,?is adds mat]ially to ! 
pr(it ( keep+ "o c[4    ,illu/ration3   
,fig4 #ad4--,,! ,,gu]nsey ,,c[ 8,,lady  
,,jane0 ,,& ,,heif]4          ,,joseph  
,,e>ne/ ,,& ,,8 ,,c[ 8,,com=t40    ,a   
,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,we/]n ,,res]ve4    ,,by
 ,s4 ,b4 ,,morris1 ,,*>le/[n1 ,,portage 
,,co41 ,o4      ,! luxury ( hav+ fre%   
milk1 cream1 & butt]1 may be enjoy$ by  

e family 9 city1 t[n1 or hamlet1 t c    
provide a c[ ) !  necess>ies express$ 9 
"o ^w--com=t4 ,to %[ :at may be done  9 
?is respect1 all[ me to give some:at ( !
 hi/ory ( ,joseph  ,e>ne/4 ,joseph's    
fa!r 0 a c>p5t]1 & nev] kept a horse or 
c[4  ,aft] giv+ 8 son ! be/ education he
 c\ld receive at ! common  s*ool1 he    
kept him at "w ) himself until ,joseph  
also became a  ma/] c>p5t]4 ,at ! "t our
 /ory comm5ces1 he is m>ri$ &  has a    
family ( ?ree *ildr51 a girl ( eight1 a 
boy ( six ye>s1  & a baby4 ,by indu/ry1 
economy1 & good habits1 he _h accumulat$
  suffici5t means to pur*ase a half-acre
 lot 9 ! outskirts ( a  fl\ri%+         
manufactur+ t[n4 ,^u ?is lot he _h built
 a small b  com=table h\se4 ,8 wife1 !  
daught] ( a well-to-d f>m]1 hav+  a     
little prop]ty ( h] own1 inve/$ x 9 !   
vacant lot adjo9+  !m4 ,! w9t] previ\s  
,joseph _h put up a build+ :i* 0 to     
s]ve ! d\ble purpose ( b>n & work%op4 ,!
 b>n = 8 visit+  fri5ds1 ! work%op =    
himself4 ,back ( ?is build+1 & adjac5t  

to  x1 0 a small h5n]y 9 :i* 7 kept a   
few f[ls2 at "o side 0 a  %$ = 8 g>d5+  
implem5ts4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t ! premises %[$  
! own] 0 neat & ord]ly1 z well z ?rifty1
 :ile )9 ! snug  cottage ! same virtues 
reign$ supreme4 ,_m a "t did ,m>y look  
back  to ! old home-life on ! f>m1 & ?9k
 ( ! pl5tiful products (  ! dairy4 ,!n  
%e w\ld say to ,joseph1 8,h[ ,i wi% we  
c\ld keep a c[4  ,x seems z ?\gh ,i _c  
half cook ) only "o qu>t ( milk a day1  
& ! *ildr5 w\ld be s mu* heal?i] if !y  
c\ld h :at milk  !y want40 ,joseph agre$
 ) h]1 & w\ld add1 8,b y "k ,m>y  we _c 
raise our own vegetables & fruit1 & keep
 a c[1 ) only  "o acre ( l&40 ,imag9e h]
 surprise1 :51 aft] a %ort abs5ce "o    
morn+1 ,joseph return$ lead+ a c[4 ,he 0
 soon surr\nd$ by 8  family & pli$ )    
que/ions1 su* z3 ,^: is %e8 ,:]e did y  
get h]8 ,:at w y d ) h]8 ,9 answ] to ^! 
que/ions ,joseph  repli$1 8,i w5t ov] to
 ,mr4 ,durham's ?is morn+1 to see if he 
c\ld  pay me :at 0 back on ! "w ,i did =
 him la/ fall4 ,i f\nd him  fe$+ 8      

cattle & made kn[n my err&4 ,he said he 
_h no money at  pres5t1 b 0 want+ to    
sell a c[1 & z soon z he c\ld w\ld pay  
me4 ,i ask$ him :i* c[ he want$ to sell2
 he po9t$ out ?is "o1  :i* 0 small] ?an 
! o!rs & seem$ driv5 by !m4 ,n a v  l>ge
 c[1 he said1 b "y1 ) "s ,j]sey blood 9 
h]--bett] =  a family c[ ?an = a factory
 c[4 ,i say ,e>ne/1 %e is j :at y  ne$1 
) y\r family4 ,b ,i've no place to put  
h]1 said ,i1 & ,i don't  "k h[ to take  
c>e ( a c[4 ,nons5se1 said he1 put h] 9 
y\r /able  = ! pres5t1 & y'll le>n h[ to
 take c>e ( h] fa/ en\gh4  ,b :at %all  
,i fe$ h]8 ,:y ! money y pay ,*ur*ill = 
milk1  ) :at y c raise on y\r lot1 w    
keep y\r c[ "r along1 &  in/ead ( "o    
qu>t a day1 y'll h all ! milk & cream & 
butt]  y want to use1 & "s to sp>e1 &1  
,m>y1 ,i ?\ght x w\ldn't  break u up if 
x didn't prove a success1 s ,i took ! c[
 on :at he  0 ow+ me--tw5ty five        
doll>s--& "h %e is40    8,oh1 ,joseph1  
,i am s glad y b\ght h]1 ,i d believe we
 c keep h]10  said ,m>y1 8h[ g5tle %e   

seems10--= dur+ ! talk ! *ildr5  _h be5 
pett+ ! c[1 :o appe>$ well pleas$ ) h]  
new  acqua9tances4 ,! baby p>tak+ ( !   
g5]al animation1 cr[$ )  delight1 z ?\gh
 already anticipat+ ! good "t com+4     
8,%e has behav$ l a baby com+ ov] "h10  
said ,joseph1 8& ,i  decl>e ,i beg9 to  
love h] already4 ,i h always wi%$ we    
c\ld live  :]e we c\ld h animals ar\nd  
u1 & p]haps we w "s day40  ,m>y said %e 
hop$ !y c\ld1 = %e felt lonesome = !m4  
8,b :at  %all we "n our c[8 ,= my "p ,i 
w\ld l to call h] #8,com=t1'  & :ile %e 
contributes to our com=t we w endeavor  
to d ! same  = h]40 ,joseph agre$ to !  
"n1 say+ he ne$$ pl5ty to eat &  dr9k1 a
 good b$ & pleasant home1 & he believ$ t
 animals did  too1 s he w\ld give h] "o 
( 8 nice roomy /alls 9 8 b>n1 make  h] a
 b$ ( %av+s f ! %op until he c\ld d     
bett]4 8,we h  pure wat] = h] to dr9k1 )
 hay & vegetables to eat1 & t  w keep h]
 alive until we le>n :at %e w ?rive on  
be/40 ,z ?is  0 a 8brok50 day1 he ?\ght 
!y _h bett] get neighbor ,mann+'s  horse

 & c>ry-all1 & drive out to fa!r        
,grang]'s4 ,he _h always  be5 a good    
f>m] & c\ld tell him j h[ to c>e = ! c[4
 ,all  7 delight$ ) ?is plan & 7 soon   
enjoy+ a six-mile drive  into ! c\ntry4 
,he le>n$ t a c[ w\ld eat almo/ any?+ t 
gr[s1 b t  judgm5t & exp]i5ce 0 ne$$ 9  
fe$+ to produce ! be/  results4 ,fa!r   
,grang] said !y c\ld keep a c[ z well z 
n1 &  bett] too1 & ,joseph began to     
believe x4 ,at ! sugge/ion ( fa!r  ,g4  
he borr[$ a bag1 & on 8 way home /opp$  
at ! gri/ mill &  _h x fill$ ) bran1 :i*
 ! old g5tleman said 0 ab\t ! be/  fe$ =
 a c[ j be=e com+ 94 ,aft] arriv+ home  
8,com=t0  receiv$ a fe$ ( hay & a qu>t (
 bran--_h a dr9k ( fre% wat]1  h] /able 
clean$1 "s fre% %av+s giv5 h] = a b$d+1 
&  ) k9d pats & words 0 left = ! night4 
,9 ! ev5+ b$d+  0 talk$ ov]4 ,joseph    
?\ght he w\ld get ! privilege ( ga!r+   
leaves f a wood lot ab\t "o half mile   
di/ant1 b ,m>y ?\ght  !y w\ld be too wet
 at ?is season1 !n sawdu/ 0 sugge/$1 b  
t 0 n q ! ?+ !y conclud$1 t is1 if !y   

c\ld  ?9k ( any?+ bett]4 ,to be p]fect x
 mu/ be com=table = !  c[ to /& or lie  
^u1 x mu/ be an absorb5t ( liquid       
manure1 &  some?+ t w\ld add to ! value 
( ! compo/ heap1 & w\ld  easily         
decompose4 ,sudd5ly ,joseph exclaim$1   
8,i h x1 j ! ?+4  ,y rememb] ,i w5t out 
to ,n4 la/ fall to d a job ( "w = ,*>lie
  ,curtiss's bro!r1 & :5 he came to br+ 
me home1 ) my tools1 he  put a l>ge top 
box on 8 wagon box1 & also put 9 a numb]
 ( sacks4  ,i ask$ him :at he 0 go+ to  
br+ home & he said #8oat %ucks' to  b$ 8
 c[s )--t ! %ucks 7 dry & bulky1 & =    
fifty c5ts  y c\ld get all y c\ld draw  
at a load4 ,he said x 0 ! be/ &  *eape/ 
b$d+ he c\ld get1 & mu* m ?an paid =    
itself 9 !  value ( ! manure4 ,t is j   
:at we want1 & ,i w get ,*>lie to  draw 
me a load to-morr[40 ,s ! next night    
8,com=t0 laid d[n = !  fir/ "t 9 h] life
 on a 8fir/-class0 b$ ( oat %ucks1 :ile 
!  adjo9+ /all 0 fill$ full = future    
use4    8,joseph1 :at are y go+ to d ) t
 lumb] ,*>lie left "h  to-day80 said    

,m>y1 a few ev5+s lat]4 8,well ,i h be5 
?9k+  #8,com=t' ought to h a little y>d 
:]e %e c walk ar\nd & enjoy  ! sun%9e & 
fre% air4 ,i am go+ to build a f5ce f ! 
f>!r  corn] ( ! h5n]y to ! f5ce on !    
back side ( ! lot1 & "o  f ! corn] ( !  
%$ back1 & t w make h] a good y>d4  ,^? 
two ,engli% *]ry trees w come 9 x &     
furni% %ade = h]  9 ! hotte/ wea!r40    
,ano!r ev5+1 z ,joseph came home f "w1  
,m>y ask$1 8,:at 9 !  _w are y go+ to d 
) ^!10 z %e drew f ! bundle a c>d  &    
bru%4 8,:i* ( ! family are y go+ to use 
^! on80--8,oh1 ,i  ?\ght !y w\ld be good
 ?+s to h 9 ! h\se10 said ,joseph1      
laugh+4 8,y "k ,i />t$ out e>ly ?is     
morn+ to g ar\nd by  ,mason's1 to see   
ab\t repair+ 8 h\se ?is next summ]4 ,he 
is "o  ( ! be/ ( f>m]s1 all 8 /ock look 
?rifty--ev]y?+ is up 9  ord]1 & he makes
 f>m+ pay4 ,i f\nd him 9 ! /able c>d+ & 
bru%+ 8 c[s4 ,t 0 a new idea to me1 & ,i
 ask$ him if he  ?\ght x really paid him
 to sp5d s mu* "t & labor on 8 c[s4     
,well1 said he1 ,i've _h ! c>e ( cattle 

nigh on to ?irty ye>s1 & ,i  ?9k my c>d+
 & bru%+ pay z well z any?+ ,i c d1 &   
!re  is no?+ an animal enjoys m ?an hav+
 its coat comb$40    8,:at did ,mr4     
,mason say ab\t ! "w40--8,he is go+ to h
 8 h\se  ?or\ghly repair$1 & ,i am glad 
to say y\r husb& has ! job1 &  he is go+
 to keep 8 eyes & e>s op5 & le>n :at he 
c ab\t  f>m+40    ,joseph _h b\ght a    
load ( f9e hay a f>m] 0 tak+ into t[n to
  m>ket1 & 8,com=t0 0 n[ f$ hay ?ree    
times a day1 ) two qu>ts  ( bran night &
 morn+4 ,at noon !re 0 some?+ f ! h\se  
also1 l potato & apple peel+s1 small    
potatoes1 wilt$ turnips or  beets1 cut  
up cabbage leaves1 etc4 ,! *ildr5 ?\ght 
x nice fun to  fe$ h] at noon4 ,"s loose
 b>s _h be5 put up to h] /all :i*  0 q  
roomy1 & %e did n h to be driv5 into x  
by "s (  ! m5 & all ( ! boys 9 !        
neighborhood1 b :5 ! gate (  ! y>d 0    
op5$ %e walk$ briskly to h] /all1 kn[+  
%e w\ld  f9d a good supp] wait+ = h]4   
,humane c>e1 ! pl5ty ( food &  dr9k1    
giv5 regul>ly1 h wr\ght 9 a mon?'s "t a 

great *ange  9 ! appe>ance ( 8,com=t40  
,f be+ a poorly f$ 8:ipp$0 c[  9 a      
dairy1 suff]+ all ! discom=t ( /an*ions 
= eighte5 out  ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ) no b$
 b a b>e floor--%e has come to be a     
?rifty1 happy animal1 giv+ good promise 
( rew>d+ h] own]s well  = _! c>e4 ,"o   
morn+ ! fir/ week 9 ,april1 ,joseph came
 9 f  ! b>n look+ pleas$1 b a little    
anxi\s4 8,*ildr510 he said1  8:at d y   
?9k ,i f\nd at ! b>n ?is morn+80--8,oh1 
a bossy10 !y  said1 delight$ ) !        
idea4--8,yes1 #8,com=t' has a little    
#8com=t1'  & %e is v pr\d ( x2 b n[     
comes ! rub1 :o is to milk1 &  :at is to
 be done ) ! calf80--8,oh10 said ,m>y1  
8,i guess ,i h n  q =gott5 h[ to milk   
yet1 & y c soon le>n--#8nev] too old  to
 le>n1' y "k4 ,i w g out aft] breakfa/ &
 milk out :at !  calf does n take1 & y c
 g ar\nd by ,mr4 ,mason's & ask him :at 
we _h bett] d ) ! calf40 ,joseph felt ^!
 7 good sugge/ions1  & aft] /&+ by ,m>y1
 9 m ?an "o s5se1 :ile %e p]=m$  h] "p (
 ! programme--:i* 0 successfully        

accompli%$--he />t$  = "w by way ( f>m] 
,mason's4 ,arriv+ !re he made kn[n 8    
err&4 8,well10 said ,mr4 ,m41 8y c      
#8deacon' x or veal x4 ,don't  _m b     
dairym5 foll[ ! fir/ way1 & ,i %\ld     
advise y to let  x h all ! milk x wants 
= f\r or five weeks1 & ! but*]  w take x
 & pay y five or six doll>s4 ,put ! calf
 by itself1  & night & morn+ let x g to 
! c[ & get its own milk40 ,:5  ,joseph  
arriv$ home t ev5+1 he p>tition$ (f a   
corn] ( !  b>n ) "s b>rels & boxes1 put 
9 "s b$d+1 & put ! calf  9 8 new qu>t]s4
 ,!n he tri$ 8 h& at milk+1 ,m>y /&+  by
 him ?is "t1 tell+ him :at to d1 &      
laugh+ a little at 8  awkw>d ef=ts1 yet 
enc\rag+ him by say+ he did spl5didly = 
!  fir/ trial4 8,com=t0 rew>d$ him = 8  
k9dness to h]1 by be+  v pati5t ) 8     
awkw>dness1 & he daily improv$ 9 ! art (
  milk+1 s t :ile vealy 0 gett+ 8 fill1 
he w\ld get ab\t two  or ?ree qu>ts z 8 
%>e4    ,! latt] "p ( ,april ,joseph    
comm5c$ "w = ,mr4 ,mason1 & z 8  "w-b5* 
0 at "o end ( ! b>n floor1 he _h a good 

opportunity  = obs]vation4 ,he notic$   
,mr4 ,m4 f$ 8 c[s corn meal1 & ask$  him
 :at fe$ he consid]$ be/ = c[s giv+ milk
 at ?is "t (  ! ye>4 ,mr4 ,m4 said1 9 8 
exp]i5ce he _h f\nd !re 7 ?ree  ?+s to  
be consid]$ 9 ! c>e ( c[s4 ,heal? ( !   
c[1 quantity  & quality ( ! milk4 ,pl5ty
 ( :olesome food & pure wat] 7also a    
little salt ea* day71 giv5 regul>ly1 out
 ( door ex]cise 9 pleasant  wea!r1 &    
g5]al good c>e w give ! fir/4 8,clov]   
hay1 corn  fodd]1 :eat bran or gr\nd    
oats1 ) "s roots1 w keep up ! fl[  (    
milk10 said he1 8b if y want ?ick cream1
 & pl5ty ( gold5  butt]1 fe$ y\r c[ corn
 meal4 ,:5 my c[s are 9 milk & kept on  
dry  fe$1 ,i give ea* c[ daily1 morn+ & 
ev5+1 f\r qu>ts ( mix$  fe$1 "o "p1 by  
weight1 ( :eat bran & two p>ts ( corn   
meal1 )  ab\t "o tablespoonful ( salt4  
,we make m & bett] butt] on ?is  fe$ ?an
 :5 ! c[s h grass only40    ,joseph1    
hav+ no exp]i5ce ( 8 own1 0 glad to use 
t ( o!rs  9 reg>d to 8 c[1 s f ?is "t he
 began fe$+ 8,com=t0 corn  meal1 beg9n+ 

) a p9t & increas+ gradually to "o qu>t2
  ! result be+ pla9ly se5 9 ! improv$   
quality ( ! milk &  condition ( ! calf4 
,:5 ?is 0 five weeks old ! but*] took x 
away giv+ five doll>s = x1 & seem$ mu*  
pleas$ ) 8 b>ga94    ,t ev5+ ,joseph    
figur$ a little4 ,he f\nd 8 bran & corn 
meal _h  co/ ?ree doll>s & fifty-five   
c5ts1 s !re 0 a balance ( "o  doll> &   
=ty-five c5ts f ! calf to pay on ! hay4 
,!y _h  _h f ?ree to f\r qu>ts ( milk p]
 day1 ( bett] quality ?an  t !y c\ld h  
b\ght = six c5ts a qu>t4 ,?irty days1   
?ree &  "o-half qu>ts a day1 at six c5ts
 a qu>t1 is six doll>s & ?irty  c5ts4   
,by /abl+ & b$d+ ! c[1 q a quantity (   
good manure  _h accumulat$1 & ,joseph   
felt v well satisfi$1 s f>1 ) 8         
exp]im5t1 & mo/ ( all = ! luxury ( hav+ 
good sweet milk =  ! family use4 ,x 0 n[
 ! middle ( ,may1 grass 0 well />t$1  & 
z !re 7 f>ms ne> !m1 x 0 ?\ght be/ to   
hire pa/ure  = ! summ]4 ,by inquiry !y  
f\nd %e c\ld be pa/ur$ "o-f\r?  mile f  
home4 ,?is seem$ too f> to c>ry ! milk1 

& w\ld take too  mu* "t to drive back & 
=? twice a day4 8,:y n keep h] at home  
nights1 & fe$ h] some?+ z we d n[10 said
 ,m>y2 8%e w be  glad to come home !n4  
,fa!r always fe$s 8 c[s bran 9 ! summ]2 
he says x pays 9 _! #8com+ up' if 9 no?+
 else4 ,he goes to !  gate & calls      
#8come boss1' & !y all />t z quickly z  
if he _h  said1 #8come to supp]1' & x is
 t to !m40 ,s x 0 decid$ to  keep       
8,com=t0 home nights4 ,9 a few days     
8,com=t0 0 introduc$ to h]  summ] range1
 & quickly le>n$ ! way to & f ! pa/ure1 
&  ! *ildr5 ?\ght x a great pleasure to 
drive h] to & fro4    8,joseph10 said   
,m>y1 ab\t ?is "t1 8:at %all we d ) !   
s\r  milk8 ,! neighbors w take "s ( x at
 two c5ts a qu>t1 b !  dem& is irregul>1
 & x don't seem "r to ?r[ x away4 ,don't
 y  ?9k we bett] get a pig80--8,p]haps  
s2 z we are 9 = exp]im5ts  ?is ye> we   
might try t also4 ,mason has "s nice    
pigs--two k9ds4 ,"o  k9d make l>ge gr[?y
 animals1 ! o!r k9d are small] b f9]1  &
 w\ld be be/ = u1 ,i ?9k40 ,soon a pig 0

 add$ to _! f>m  /ock4 ,joseph decl>$ he
 w\ld n try to live )\t a c[ aga9 if  x 
co/ twice z mu* to take c>e ( h]4 8,:y  
we didn't "k :at good  liv+ 0 until     
#8,com=t' came to live ) u1 did we1     
*ildr580--8,no1  inde$1 only :5 we w5t  
to gr&-pa's40--8,look at ?is baby10 said
 ,m>y1  8%e nev] 0 s well be=e1 & %e is 
gett+ z rosy & r\nd z  a ,maid5blu%     
apple4 ,y c't ?9k :at a help ! milk is  
to me 9  cook+4 ,i c always h some?+    
fre% & nice n[1 & x w  less5 our meat   
bill too40    ,"s ( ! neighbors want$ to
 buy milk2 8,com=t0 0 giv+ sixte5  qu>ts
 a day4 ,s f\r neighbor+ families 7     
suppli$ ea* ) "o  qu>t ( milk a day1 &  
aft] a week's trial ,m>y report$ %e _h  
made  five p\nds ( butt] t 0 wor? tw5ty 
c5ts p] p\nd1 groc]y  price4 ,!y _h sold
 tw5ty-eight qu>ts ( milk at six c5ts a 
qu>t1  butt] & milk am\nt+ to two doll>s
 & sixty-eight c5ts1 &  !y _h us$ all ! 
sweet milk1 cream1 s\r milk & butt]-milk
 !y  ne$$1 & ! pig _h be5 kept on !     
surplus ( ! la/ two4 ,joseph  0 n[ fe$+ 

8,com=t0 z ,mr4 ,mason advis$1 ) corn   
meal & bran1  two-?irds ( ! =m] &       
"o-?ird ( ! latt] by weight1 giv+  ?ree 
qu>ts ( ! mixture night & morn+4 ,corn  
meal co/ "o c5t  p] p\nd1 bran co/      
two-?irds ( a c5t a p\nd1 ! co/ ( ! fe$ 
p] day be+ a fraction ov] sev5 c5ts4 ,he
 also gave h] a little  hay--to ! value 
( say t5 c5ts a week--pa/ure co/        
tw5ty-five c5ts  a week1 s ! exp5se ( h]
 keep+ 0 eighty-five c5ts a week1  ! "w 
(fsett+ ! milk us$1 left a pr(it ( "o   
doll> &  eighty-?ree c5ts4 ,!re 0 ano!r 
item n to be ov]look$4 ,!  manure t 0   
accumulat+1 ! value ( :i* 0 l>gely      
increas$  by ! gr\nd fe$ giv5 ! c[1 & ! 
oat %uck b$d+4 ,( ! acre  ( l& ab\t     
"o-qu>t] 0 occupi$ ) build+s1 walks1    
%rubb]y1  a small lawn 9 front1 & fl[]  
g>d5 at ! side ( ! h\se1 b  e foot (    
int]v5+ space 0 well se$$ to grass1 s x 
really  made q a little m[+4 ,ano!r     
qu>t] _h be5 set out to fruit  trees    
five ye>s1 & 0 n[ well /ock$ ) r$ clov]1
 ! rema9+  "o-half acre _h be5 us$ z a  

g>d5 & potato pat*4 ,) !  exception ( a 
few loads ( manure1 obta9$ at diff]5t   
places1 no  f]tiliz] _h be5 us$ on ?is  
acre ( l&4 ,b n[ hav+ gone into  ! /ock 
bus9ess1 ,joseph began to read & ?9k    
ab\t su* ?+s4 ,he  frequ5tly br\ght home
 an agricultural pap] f ,mr4 ,mason's to
 read 9  ! ev5+1 & began also to feel he
 mu/ h "o ( 8 own4 ,he f\nd  consid]able
 9 ! pap]s ab\t comm]cial f]tiliz]s1 s  
he ask$ ,mr4  ,mason if he _h ev] us$   
any ( !m4 ,he said he _h exp]im5t$ )  !m
 consid]ably1 & ?\ght !m excell5t helps4
 8,i h nev]10  said he1 8paid out money 
= any?+ t came back z quickly ) z  good 
pr(it1 z sup]phosphates4 ,^! & o!r      
f]tiliz]s mu/ be us$  ) judgm5t to get !
 be/ returns1 b on gravelly soil1 ) a   
clay  subsoil l ours "h1 x pays well40  
,joseph also ask$ ,mr4 ,m4 :at he  c\ld 
raise on 8 lot to ! be/ advantage = 8   
c[4 8,i %\ld say  s[$ corn & mangel     
wurzels4 ,y see ?is little lot at ! back
 ( !  b>n1 x is t5 squ>e rods1 & v ri*  
gr\nd4      ,,corn ,,fodd]4    8,i s[   

?is to corn 9 drills ab\t ?is "t 7! la/ 
( ,may71 s t  x gets well tassel$ by !  
"t pa/ures beg9 to get r dry1 z  !y     
usually d aft] ! middle ( summ]1 !n ,i  
beg9 to fe$1 &  x helps keep up ! fl[ ( 
milk amaz+ly4 ,x is a sweet1 juicy &    
nutriti\s fe$1 j ! ?+ = c[s4 ,let me    
calculate a little4 ,:y  ,e>ne/1 if y\r 
l& c\ld be made to produce l ?is piece1 
y c  raise co>se fodd] en\gh = y\r c[ = 
six mon?s1 on ?irty squ>e  rods ( gr\nd4
 ,i l "s roots = c[s--we l a v>iety (   
food1 s  d animals4 ,! be/ roots ,i "k (
 to raise = /ock are sug> beets  or !   
mangels40    ,v soon aft] ?is           
conv]sation ,joseph _h 8 half acre ( l& 
pl[$  deep & 9 n>r[ furr[s1 z he _h se5 
recomm5d$ 9 agricultural  pap]s4 ,!     
manure t _h accumulat$ f ! c[ 0 us$ = a 
top-dress+ = "o half ( ! pl[$ portion4  
,?is 0 well h>r[$1  & ?ree-f\r?s ( x    
lightly furr[$ ) ! pl[1 two & "o half   
feet ap>t4 ,! rema9+ "o-f\r? 0 turn$    
into ridges z close z  ! furr[s c\ld be 
turn$ toge!r4 ,8 team "w 0 n[ done = !  

pres5t on ?is "p ( 8 lot especially set 
ap>t = 8 c[4 7,!  o!r half ( ! pl[$ lot 
0 to be us$ = 8 ma9 family g>d51  he    
hav+ spad$ up "s b$s = e>ly vegetables47
 ,he _h provid$  himself ) se$ corn f   
f>m] ,mason's1 "s mangel wurzel se$ f  !
 se$ /ore1 & also a bag ( two hundr$    
p\nds ( phosphate1 (  a br& recomm5d$ by
 ,mr4 ,m4 ,! phosphate 0 spr9kl$ 9 ! pl[
  m>ks1 at ! rate ( ?ree hundr$ p\nds to
 ! acre1 z ne> z c\ld  be judg$1 ! soil 
9 ! bottom ( ! furr[ 0 lightly /irr$  ) 
a f\r prong$ potato hook1 ! corn 0      
spr9kl$ 91 ab\t eight  k]nels to ! foot 
sixte5 to tw5ty is bett]--,ed41 & cov]$ 
ab\t  two in*es deep4 ,"o half ( ! piece
 design$ = corn 0 plant$1 &  ! o!r half 
left to be treat$ 9 ! same way "s two   
weeks lat]4  ,! top 0 rak$ (f ! ridges  
design$ = ! mangels4 ,a furr[ 0  made on
 ea* ) a h& hoe1 & phosphate spr9kl$ 9 r
 m  lib]ally ?an = ! corn4 ,?is 0       
?or\ghly mix$ ) ! soil1 !  furr[ becom+ 
ne>ly level ) ! surface4 ,a l9e 0 drawn 
by :i*  a light m>k 0 made ) ! end ( !  

hoe h&le1 9 :i* ! mangel  se$s 7 s[n &  
cov]$ ab\t "o in* deep1 ! soil be+      
press$  d[n lightly ) ! hoe4 ,aft] sav+ 
en\gh phosphate = ! balance  ( ! corn1 &
 a little to exp]im5t ) on "s late      
potatoes1 !  rema9d] 0 s[n broadca/ on !
 clov]4 ,x fell a little %ort (  cov]+ !
 :ole1 & ,joseph ?\ght t w\ld make a    
good opportunity  to te/ its virtues4 ,8
 se$s came up well1 &1 z he _h all he   
c\ld  att5d to nights & morn+s1 he hir$ 
a neighbor to d 8 f>m "w1  & he det]m9$ 
no we$s %\ld h ! b5efit ( 8 f]tiliz]s or
  soil2 & ?is "p ( 8 programme 0        
?or\ghly c>ri$ out dur+  ! gr[+ season4 
,,summ] ,,qu>t]s4    ,9 8,com=t's0 y>d 0
 a corn] =m$ by ! b>n on "o side1 !     
h5n]y on ano!r1 & ! bo>d f5ce on a ?ird 
side4 ,joseph put  a ro( ov] ?is corn]1 
& ab\t a foot deep ( oat%ucks on !      
gr\nd1 & fa/5$ a box to ! side ( ! b>n =
 h] to eat out  (2 & "h 7 h] summ]      
qu>t]s4 ,e morn+ be=e milk+ !  dropp+s 7
 clean$ up & pil$ 9 "o corn] ( ! y>d4 ,z
 soon  z ! clov] began to blossom1 an   

armful 0 cut ea* ev5+ & f$  to 8,com=t0 
aft] h] ration ( dry fe$1 & ! morn+ fe$ 
0  discont9u$4 ,aft] ! corn 0 l>ge      
en\gh1 t took ! place (  clov] until    
fro/ ?reat5$2 !n x 0 cut up & b\nd 9    
small  bundles1 :i* 7 set up 9 l>ge     
/ooks1 to cure = w9t] use4    ,no       
diff]5ce 0 obs]v$ 9 ! fir/ crop ( clov] 
9 favor ( !  phosphate1 b ! second cutt+
 0 l>gely b5efit$ by its use4 ,ov]      
"o-half ( ! fir/ & second cutt+s 7 cur$ 
& /or$ 9 !  b>n1 ) all ( ! grass ar\nd !
 y>d1 :i*1 ) fully two-?irds  ( ! /alks1
 w\ld be ne>ly1 if n q en\gh co>se fe$  
to la/  8,com=t0 ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,!       
mangels yield$ ab\t tw5ty-five  bu%els1 
n a v l>ge yield1 b q satisfactory1     
consid]+ !  soil _h n really be5 f>m$ b 
"o ye>4 ,! roots 7 pitt$ ne>  ! b>n =   
spr+ use4 ,"s ( ! corn /alks 7 set s z  
to =m  a slant+ ro( ov] !m2 ?ree or f\r 
in*es ( dirt ?r[n ov]  ?is2 aft]w>ds    
en\gh to keep !m f freez+4    ,ab\t !   
fir/ ( ,novemb]1 8,com=t0 0 e/abli%$ 9  
w9t] qu>t]s  9 ! /all1 at night & dur+  

/ormy days1 & 9 ! y>d on  pleasant days4
 ,%e cont9u$ 9 milk until ! middle (    
,febru>y1 &  0 9 fre% milk ,m>*         
eighte5?1 0 he>ty & cont5t$--a com=t  to
 look at z well z to own4 ,joseph ,e>ne/
 0 well pleas$ ) 8  ye>'s exp]im5t4     
,,conclusions4    ,x is n[ ?ree ye>s    
s9ce he br\ght com=t to 8 home 9 m ways 
?an "o4 ,8 little f>m is improv+ e ye> 9
 f]tility & value1  & ev5 n[ blossoms l 
a ?+ ( beauty4 ,"s ( 8 neighbors h      
foll[$ 8 example1 = he tells !m3        
8,any "o :o has a place to put a c[ c   
keep "o ) pr(it1 if he  w make h]       
com=table2 t x matt]s n :e!r protection 
f  ! wea!r is secur$ by logs1 /raw1     
sods1 r\gh bo>ds1 or plan$  bo>ds well  
pa9t$4 ,%e mu/ h ex]cise1 sun%9e1 & fre%
 air4  ,^! c be obta9$ 9 a small dry    
y>d1 kept clean1 z well z 9  #8,uncle   
,sam's' pa/ure1 ! op5 prairie4 ,%e mu/ h
 some?+ ( a  v>iety ( :olesome food1 & a
 pl5tiful supply ( pure wat]4 ,no       
dome/ic animal1 9 proportion to its     
weight1 ne$s z mu* wat] z a  mil* c[4   

,%e mu/ be kept clean by litt]1 c>d1 &  
bru%4 ,if ^!  rules are obs]v$ ) judgm5t
 & k9dness1 v seldom w any help  be ne$$
 at "t ( calv+4 ,if any?+ goes wrong !re
 is no bett]  rule ?an to use "o's      
common s5se1 tak+ ! advice ( exp]i5c$   
neighbors4    8,to economize manure1 an 
abundance ( good litt] %\ld be us$1 &  !
 compo/ heap kept "u cov]1 if possible2 
at any rate1 n "u  ! eaves ( ! b>n4 ,if1
 ) ?is home-made manure1 y\r l& does  n 
produce all x c1 & y wi% to buy "s      
f]tiliz+ mat]ial1  y\r fir/ *oice %\ld  
be good /able manure2 if y _c get t     
reasonably1 use "s reliable br& (       
comm]cial f]tiliz]4 ,h y\r  c[ #8come 9'
 :5 x w be mo/ = y\r pr(it or conv5i5ce1
  avoid+ hot wea!r4 ,! calf may be kill$
 :5 "o to ?ree days old1  sav+ its hide 
& r5net2 x may be kept until five or six
 weeks old1  f$ on new milk1 & #8veal$1'
 or sold = t purpose1 or x may be  rais$
 on skim-milk 7aft] x is ?ree or f\r    
weeks old71 & sold 9  ! fall to "s f>m]4
    8,milk+ %\ld be done g5tly b        

quickly1 z ne> twelve h\rs ap>t  z      
possible4 ,milk clean b d n 8/rip20 use 
! :ole h&1 & n  ! ?umb & f+] only2 s+ or
 :i/le1 if y want to :ile milk+2  if y  
are good fri5ds ) y\r c[1 %e w enjoy x4 
8,s9ce ! fir/ ye> ,i h n b\ght any co>se
 fe$1 & only a  little f]tiliz] = grass 
& clov]1 ! c[ & pig furni%+ all  t is   
ne$$ = ! pl[$ gr\nd1 & ?is la/ ye> ,i h 
a surplus  ( fe$4 ,i tell y1 fri5ds1 my 
c[ is ! be/ sav+s bank ,i ev]  knew40   
,?is & mu* m said ,joseph ,e>ne/ to 8   
neighbors4          ,a ,,good ,,/able   
8,,tie40      ,mr4 ,d4 ,c4 ,k5yon1 (    
,c>bondale1 ,pa41 describes a conv5i5t  
home-made  ,/able ,tie z foll[s3 ,our   
tie1 ( :i* we s5d y a m9iature sample1  
is made ( ?ree-eigh?s in* rope1 :i* is  
braid$ into an iron r+  slid+ freely up 
& d[n a po/ set close to ! mang] or     
fe$-box4  ,!re is a knot or frog on "o  
end1 & a loop on ! o!r4 ,! ends  pass on
 ea* side ( ! c['s neck1 & ! knot is    
slipp$ ?r\gh !  loop :i* may be made    
tight] by twi/+4 ,simil> fa/5+s made (  

*a9s ) snap hooks may be b\ght at !     
h>dw>e /ores1 b su* an  "o z is "h      
describ$ w la/ a long "t & answ] e      
purpose4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4    
,,j]usalem ,,arti*okes ,,z ,,c[-,,fe$4  
,,by ,,*ri/oph] ,,%e>]1 ,,tuck]ton1     
,,pa4      ,butt] & milk are n only     
luxuries1 b 9 _m families !y are        
indisp5sable necess>ies ( life4 ,9 ?is  
article my pr9cipal purpose  is to %[ h[
 a c[ c be kept ) ! greate/ economy ( l&
 &  labor4 ,i consid] ^! ! ess5tial     
po9ts 9 ! discussion4 ,:]e hay  is de> &
 pa/ure sc>ce1 a man :o lives by ! labor
 ( 8 h&s1  _c ord9>ily af=d to pur*ase !
 necess>y food = a c[2 &  if he has only
 an acre or two ( l& at 8 disposal1 he  
f9ds x m  pr(itable to raise o!r        
products4 ,ord9>ily x requires ! yield  
( sev]al acres ( l& to support a c[4 ,b 
,i propose to %[ t  ?is c be done on    
less ?an "o acre1 by rais+ ! prop]      
crops1  & treat+ ! soil to ! be/        
advantage4 ,a c[ ( ord9>y size  w       
consume ab\t elev5 ?\s& p\nds ( hay1 or 

its equival5t1  9 a ye>4 ,! equival5t ( 
?is am\nt ( hay is--9 potatoes1 ?irty   
?\s& eight hundr$ p\nds1 or five hundr$ 
& ?irte5 bu%els1  & 9 ,indian corn1 sev5
 ?\s& sev5 hundr$ p\nds1 or "o hundr$  &
 ?irty-sev5 bu%els4 ,^! quantities _c be
 rais$ on "o  acre1 & if we exam9e !    
tables ( equival5ts ( food1 we f9d t    
mo/ ( ! grasses1 gra9s1 & roots1 are    
objectionable on acc\nt (               
unproductiv5ess1 want ( suffici5t       
nutritive qualities1 or ( ! labor  t !  
cultivation ( !m requires4      ,,value 
,,( ,,arti*okes4    ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a   
root1 or tub]1 an acre ( :i* af=ds en\gh
  n\ri%m5t to su/a9 two c[s1 ) less     
labor ?an is employ$ 9  rais+ an acre ( 
potatoes--& t root is ! ,j]usalem       
,arti*oke  7,helian?us tub]osus74 ,we c 
dep5d ^u an av]age yield ( f  "o ?\s& to
 "o ?\s& two hundr$ bu%els ( ^! tub]s f 
an acre ( l& ri* en\gh to produce fifty 
bu%els ( corn4 ,p\nd =  p\nd !y are     
equal 9 nutritive qualities to potatoes4
 ,"o c[ c  !re=e be subsi/$ a ye> on    

five hundr$ or six hundr$ bu%els (  !   
tub]s1 a quantity t c be rais$ on half  
an acre ( l&4 ,b  s9ce ^! roots d n keep
 ov] summ]1 & z ! c[ w n ?rive  on !m   
alone1 x is necess>y to supplem5t !m )  
dry fodd] dur+  w9t]1 & to subsi/ h] on 
o!r =age dur+ summ]4 ,) ! aid  ( ?is    
plant1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( an acre ( l& "u    
high cultivation1  w n\ri% a c[ dur+ !  
:ole ye>1 & ! soil w become ri*  )\t any
 o!r manure ?an t d]iv$ f ! c[4 ,?is c  
be done  ) little exp5se1 & ) no m labor
 ?an is involv$ 9 ord9>y  f>m culture4  
,x is necess>y to beg9 op]ations on !   
f>m 9 mo/  sections ( ! ,middle ,/ates1 
a little e>li] ?an ! fir/ ( ,may4    ,a 
c[ c be subsi/$ to ! be/ advantage on a 
small pat* ( l&1  by fe$+ h] ,j]usalem  
,arti*okes & a little hay or o!r dry    
fodd]  ?r\gh ! w9t] & "p ( spr+1 & soil+
 h] ) gre5 rye1  clov]1 & gre5-corn     
fodd]1 ! re/ ( ! ye>4 ,?ree-qu>t]s ( an 
acre w1 "u judici\s treatm5t1 yield     
en\gh ( ^! products to  ma9ta9 a c[ dur+
 ! ye>4 ,if ! soil be n 9 good condition

 to  beg9 )1 t quantity ( l& may1 = a   
ye> or two1 be insuffici5t  = ! purpose1
 & x w !n be necess>y to supply !       
defici5cy  f o!r s\rces2 b by prop]     
managem5t ! l& w1 9 a few  ye>s1 be     
conv]t$ into a g>d5 t w af=d abundant   
n\ri%m5t  = ! c[1 )\t pa/ure or outside 
aid ei!r 9 food or manure4    ,suppose t
 a man owns a c[ ( m$ium size1 or a     
little l>g]1 t  he has ?ree-qu>t]s ( an 
acre ( l&1 t "o-?ird ( x1 namely1       
"o-qu>t] ( an acre1 is 9 clov]1 t !     
rema9d] is ready = !  pl[1 & t x is e>ly
 spr+-"t ( ! ye>1 he %\ld g to "w  at   
once & manure ! l& lib]ally1 = he w be  
well repaid =  ! exp5se1 9 ! sup]ior    
productiv5ess ( ! soil4 ,all ! l&1      
except+ ! clov]1 %\ld be pl[$1 & "o-six?
 ( ! l&1 t  is "o-eigh? ( an acre1 %\ld 
be s[$ ) oats1 ) ab\t "o-half  bu%el (  
se$4 ,"o qu>t ( clov] se$1 & "o p9t (   
timo?y se$  %\ld be s[n on ! oats4 ,!   
oats are rais$ only dur+ ! fir/  ye>1   
rye be+ sub/itut$ 9 aft] ye>s1 & !      
timo?y is add$ =  ! purpose ( increas+ !

 hay-crop 9 ! second ye>4 ,"o-?ird  ( ! 
l& 7"o-qu>t] ( an acre7 %\ld be plant$ 9
 ,j]usalem  ,arti*okes1 e>ly 9 ! season4
 ,?is root %\ld be plant$ 9 hills1  ?ree
 feet ap>t ea* way1 & cultivat$ flat1   
bo? ways4 ,z ! l&  increases 9 f]tility 
9 future ye>s1 ! hills may be set a     
little  f>!r ap>t4 ,! pat* %\ld be /irr$
 two or ?ree times ) !  cultivator :ile 
! plants are "y1 & aft]w>ds kept cle> ( 
we$s  ) ! hoe4 ,! we$s require b little 
att5tion aft] ! plant has  atta9$ a fair
 gr[?4 ,"o tub]1 or piece ( tub]1 ( ab\t
 ! size  ( a h5's egg1 is suffici5t = a 
hill1 ! se$ be+ cov]$ to !  dep? ( two  
or ?ree in*es ) e>?4    ,z soon z !     
season is f> en\gh advanc$1 "o-six? ( ! 
plot  7"o-eigh? ( an acre7 %\ld be      
plant$ 9 sweet corn4 ,"o half ( !  corn 
%\ld be set out v e>ly1 & ! re/ ab\t f\r
 weeks lat]1  s z to ext5d its gr[?1 &  
consequ5tly its availability z gre5     
fodd]1 ov] a long] p]iod4 ,! furr[s %\ld
 be ?ree feet ap>t1 &  ! corn plant$ 9  
drills1 sixte5 to tw5ty k]nels to !     

foot--,,ed4  ,aft]w>ds ! corn %\ld be   
cultivat$ two or ?ree times1 & kept     
cle> ( we$s4 ,:5 ! corn fodd] is all    
dispos$ (1 ! corn pat*  %\ld be pl[$1 & 
se$$ ) ab\t a peck ( rye1 & a p9t (     
timo?y se$1 & 9 ! foll[+ spr+ a qu>t (  
clov] se$ %\ld  be s[n ^u ! rye4 ,^!    
crops w give ! l& a complete rotation  e
 six ye>s4 ,! foll[+ diagram indicates !
 prop] succession  ( ! crops & %[s !    
plot ( l& divid$ into six equal p>ts1   
conta9+ "o-eigh? ( an acre ea*3         
,illu/ration    ,clov] occupies two     
p>ts1 rye "o "p1 & ,j]usalem ,arti*okes 
two  p>ts e ye>4 ,clov] foll[s rye2 rye 
foll[s corn2 corn foll[s  arti*okes2 &  
arti*okes foll[ clov]4 ,e ye> "o-half ( 
!  clov]1 namely1 ! two-ye>-old clov]   
pat*1 is pl[$1 & plant$ 9  arti*okes4 ,!
 latt] mu/ be plant$ anew1 & n be all[$ 
to gr[  z a 8volunte] crop10 b mu/ be   
regul>ly cultivat$1 & all !  plants t   
come up betwe5 ! hills de/roy$4    ,!   
manure d]iv$ f ! c[ dur+ ! w9t]1 %\ld be
 spread 9  spr+ on ! l& int5d$ = corn & 

arti*okes1 & pl[$ d[n1  & t made 9 summ]
 %\ld be appli$ to ! rye & clov] pat*es 
9 fall4 ,a%es & a mod]ate quantity (    
lime1 spread on ! clov]  pat* e>ly 9    
spr+1 w be b5eficial1 & a peck ( gypsum 
scatt]$  on ! "y & gr[+ clov]1 w answ]  
an excell5t purpose z a  heal?y /imulant
 ( its gr[?4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4     
#af4--,,swiss ,,c[ 8,,g5eva40    ,! spr+
 "t ( ! fir/ ye> mu/ be tid$ ov] ) hay  
until !  clov] is l>ge en\gh = soil+4   
,gre5 clov] is !n f$ to ! c[  until !   
oats are suffici5tly advanc$4 ,! oats   
are !n us$ z long  z !y are fit = !     
purpose1 cutt+ !m a second "t z f> z    
practicable1 & ! residue1 if any1 is    
cur$ = hay be=e x gets too  ripe = t    
purpose4 ,! same c\rse is pursu$ ) ! rye
 9 !  foll[+ ye>s4 ,! clov] %\ld be cut 
= hay r e>ly1 9 ord]  to get x 9 ! be/  
possible condition1 & to insure a good  
second1  & p]haps a ?ird crop4 ,all !   
aft]ma? n us$ 9 soil+1 %\ld  be conv]t$ 
into hay4 ,:5 ! oats are exhau/$1 clov] 
is f$ until  ! corn fodd] is l>ge en\gh 

= use4 ,?is is f$ until ! e>s make  _!  
appe>ance1 & :at is !n left is cut &    
cur$ = dry fodd]  dur+ w9t]4 ,aft] !    
gre5 corn fodd] is all consum$1 !re w be
  a gr[? ( new clov] 9 ! oats /ubble !  
fir/ ye>1 & 9 ! rye  /ubble 9 aft] ye>s1
 ) :i* ! c[ is soil$ until ! arti*okes  
are ready to fe$1 & if any ( ! new clov]
 is left by t "t1 x  is made into hay4  
,! arti*okes are f$ raw2 9 w9t]1 ) hay &
  o!r dry fodd]1 & z long z !y la/ 9    
spr+4    ,9 ! second ye> soil+ beg9s )  
rye1 & cont9ues aft]w>ds  ?r\gh ! season
 ! same z ! fir/ ye>1 & a l c\rse is    
foll[$ 9 succe$+ ye>s4      ,,fe$+      
,,arti*okes4    ,! arti*okes w gr[ until
 fro/ kills ! /alks1 & a pat* (         
"o-qu>t] ( an acre1 :5 ! soil is 9 good 
condition1 w yield a  ye>ly av]age (    
betwe5 two hundr$ & fifty & ?ree hundr$ 
bu%els  ( !m4 ,!y c be f$ be=e !y are q 
ripe1 9 :i* case !  c[ w eat up ! :ole  
plant--root1 /alk1 & bran*4 ,%e mu/ n  h
 access to a heap ( ! tub]s1 le/ %e     
surfeit & s]i\sly  injure h]self4 ,z    

long z ! :ole plant is f$1 %e %\ld n be 
all[$ m at a "t ?an %e w eat up clean1 =
 if %e gets m  %e w eat ! tub]s1 &      
refuse ! /alks4 ,9 fact %e w pref]  ^!  
tub]s at all times to any o!r food4 ,%e 
%\ld !re=e receive  a c]ta9 all[ance1   
say a peck or a little m1 ?ree times a  
day1 s  t %e w eat up ! /alks1 & also a 
small portion ( o!r =age  ) !m4 ,9 w9t] 
& spr+ %e w consume a bu%el or m ( !    
raw tub]s a day1 toge!r ) eight or t5   
p\nds ( hay or o!r dry  food4 ,h] ration
 ( arti*okes %\ld nev] be s l>ge t %e w 
reject o!r food4    ,arti*okes c be f$ =
 ab\t eight mon?s ( ! ye>1 say f !  fir/
 ( ,octob] to ! fir/ ( ,june1 dur+ :i*  
"t ! c[ w  consume two hundr$ & =ty     
bu%els1 or m1 ( !m4 ,^!1 )  ! hay & o!r 
dry fodd]1 w keep h] 9 excell5t         
condition1 &  produce an abundance (    
good milk )\t additional food4 ,"o ton (
  hay or o!r dry fodd]1 9 connection ) !
 arti*okes1 w la/  dur+ ! said eight    
mon?s1 af=d+ ! c[ eight or n9e p\nds a  
day4 ,?ree qu>t]s ( a ton may suffice1 b

 %e %\ld n h less  ?an ?is4 ,if ! crop (
 hay & o!r dry fodd] exce$s a ton1 x may
  all be f$ dur+ ! fir/ ye>1 or a "p ( x
 may be kept ov] =  ! ensu+ ye>4 ,9 /[+ 
away ! hay1 t5 or twelve qu>ts ( salt   
%\ld be scatt]$ ?r\gh a ton ( x1 to     
imp>t a reli%4 ,9 addition  to ?is1 ! c[
 %\ld receive two or ?ree ounces ( salt 
daily1 &  pl5ty ( pure fre% wat]4       
,,h>ve/+ ,,arti*okes4    ,! arti*okes   
%\ld rema9 9 ! gr\nd 9 autumn z long z !
  wea!r p]mits1 & be f$ out ( ! field   
dur+ t "t1 & j  be=e ! e>? is p]man5tly 
fro/-b\nd1 en\gh ( !m %\ld be  dug up to
 la/ ov] w9t]2 &1 s9ce fro/ does n      
injure !m1 !  re/ %\ld be left 9 ! gr\nd
 until ! foll[+ spr+4 ,a good way  to   
keep !m 9 w9t]1 is to place !m on !     
gr\nd 9 ! field 9  %all[ lay]s1 cov]+ !m
 lightly ) ! /alks ( ! arti*oke1  or )  
/raw1 & !n ) a little e>?4 ,if ! ra9    
wets !m x  w n injure !m4 ,x is         
advisable always to keep a consid]able  
quantity ( !m 9 ! /able or cell> =      
conv5i5ce ( fe$+4 ,9  ! ensu+ spr+1 !y  

are aga9 f$ out ( ! field until x is "t 
to pl[ ! l&1 :5 all ! tub]s n yet       
dispos$ (1 are tak5 up  & kept 9 ! cell>
 or /able4      ,,! ,,/alks    ( !      
,j]usalem ,arti*oke furni% excell5t     
mat]ial = litt] = !  c[4 ,!y gr[ to a   
hight ( f eight to t5 feet1 are compos$ 
almo/  entirely ( pi?1 & are s fragile t
 !y c easily be brok5 into  fragm5ts4 ,z
 _m ( !m %\ld be /[$ 9 ! /able z x w    
conta91 & ! re/1 if any1 %\ld be /ack$  
outside4 ,be=e b$d+  ! c[ ) !m1 x is    
advisable to cru% !m ) a mallet on a    
block  prep>$ = ! purpose4 ,?is labor w 
require b a few m9utes daily  to provide
 suffici5t litt]1 & w make a com=table  
b$ = !  c[1 absorb+ & reta9+ ! liquid   
manure4 ,! /alks _c be us$  = fodd] aft]
 be+ fro/-kill$4    ,if ! food ( ! c[   
%\ld at any "t run %ort ! defici5cy mu/ 
be suppli$1 = x w n d to /9t h]1 & if x 
is ev] f\nd  necess>y to *ange or modify
 h] diet1 x %\ld be done4    ,i h all[$ 
?ree-qu>t]s ( an acre = ! su/5ance ( !  
c[1  & ?is w be suffici5t1 b only on    

condition t ! l& is 9  good he>t4 ,if ! 
l& is poor at ! />t1 x w be saf] to beg9
  ) m1 & aft]w>ds to r$uce ! quantity to
 ?ree-qu>t]s (  an acre1 z ! soil       
increases 9 f]tility4 ,! value ( clov] z
 a  r5ovator ( ! soil is well kn[n1 b ! 
,j]usalem ,arti*oke is  equally         
efficaci\s1 if f$ on ! f>m1 = x attracts
 its nitrog5 to  a great ext5t f !      
atmosph]e4 ,! dairy-f>m n[ "u discussion
  possesses all ! advantages t c be     
d]iv$ f ^! plants z  f]tiliz]s1 & z !   
o!r crops rais$ on x d n injuri\sly     
exhau/ ! soil1 be+ cut be=e !y produce  
_! se$1 ! l& w  improve indef9itely 9   
f]tility4      ,,! ,,calf ,,& ,,! ,,c>e 
,,( ,,x4    ,s9ce ! plants "h recomm5d$ 
= ! n\ri%m5t ( ! c[1 af=d  ! be/        
milk-produc+ food ! :ole ye> r\nd1 ! "t 
( calv+  may be left to ! option ( !    
own]1 = x w n affect !  quantity ( milk 
t ! c[ gives4 ,if ! milk is mo/ly ne$$ 9
  summ]1 ! c[ %\ld calve 9 spr+1 & if x 
be desirable to h  m milk 9 w9t]1 %e    
%\ld calve 9 autumn4 ,i might add1 t if 

!  butt]1 or a "p ( x1 is to be sold1 x 
w be m pr(itable to  h ! calf 9 fall ?an
 9 any o!r season1 because butt] br+s ! 
highe/ prices 9 w9t]4    ,! disposal ( !
 calf dep5ds on circum/ances1 ( :i* !   
own] is  ! be/ judge4 ,if he concludes  
to keep x on acc\nt ( ! value ( !  bre$1
 or = any o!r reason1 he %\ld raise x by
 h&1 n all[+  x to suck m ?an ?ree days 
at fur!/4 ,= ! fir/ few days x  %\ld    
receive only ! fre% milk ( ! c[2        
aft]w>ds x may be f$  on w>m fre% milk1 
skim-milk1 butt]milk1 :ey1 & hay-tea1   
until x  is old en\gh to subsi/ on solid
 food4 ,fre% milk %\ld be ! lead+  diet 
9 ! beg9n+1 & %\ld be gradually dim9i%$ 
9 quantity z  ! calf increases 9 /r5g?4 
,hay-tea is made by p\r+ boil+ wat]  on 
hay1 & lett+ x /eep = ab\t two h\rs4 ,if
 ! calf is n to  be rais$1 x ought to be
 sold be=e x is a week old1 because !   
milk  t x dr9ks be=e x is ready = !     
%ambles1 is wor? m ?an  ! price x w br+4
 ,if a pur*as] = ! calf _c be f\nd  :ile
 x is s "y1 x is mo/ pr(itable to kill  

x1 & bury x 9  ! compo/ heap1 z soon z !
 milk ( ! c[ is fit to use4 ,i simply   
/ate ?is z a fact1 )\t recomm5d+ x to be
 done1 = x is cruel  "w2 b s is any     
but*]+1 & if ! calf is to be kill$1 x   
really matt]s n h[ soon x is done4 ,!   
soon] x is remov$ f !  c[ ! less %e w   
grieve = its loss4      ,,calv+4    ,!  
c[ %\ld be milk$ z long z h] milk is    
good1 or until %e runs  dry1 :i* may 9  
"s cases be six or eight weeks ( calv+  
79 o!rs  n at all47 ,h] rations %\ld be 
curtail$ a little = a %ort "t  be=e t   
p]iod1 9 ord] to c>ry h] safely ?r\gh ! 
crisis4  ,aft] %e has ! calf1 %e may    
receive w>m bran-ma%es = a day or  two1 
conta9+ a little ( h] own milk1 & %\ld n
 be fully f$ =  ! fir/ few days4 ,?is   
treatm5t is all t is requir$ be=e &     
aft] ! p]iod ( calv+4 ,! c[ w g5]ally   
pass ?r\gh ?is  ev5t 9 safety1 )\t      
assi/ance4 ,%\ld !re1 h[ev]1 be a false 
pres5tation1 or o!r difficulty (        
p>turition1 ! be/ ?+ !  own] c d1 if he 
has no exp]i5ce 9 ! matt]1 is to call to

 8  aid a vet]9>y surgeon1 or a neighbor
 :o kn[s :at c\rse to pursue  9 su*     
cases4    ,z long z ! c[ is fre%1 &     
yields a l>ge fl[ ( milk1 %e %\ld  be   
milk$ ?ree times a day1 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 
at noon1 & late  9 ! ev5+2 aft]w>ds two 
milk+s daily1 w be suffici5t4 ,%e  %\ld 
be f$1 wat]$1 milk$1 c>d$1 & l$ out ( & 
into !  /able1 at ! same h\rs e day4 ,%e
 %\ld n be beat51 or pelt$1  or h>%ly   
spok5 to or dealt ) 9 any mann]4 ,k9d & 
consid]ate  treatm5t inspires h] )      
confid5ce & cont5tm5t1 makes h] !  pet &
 delight ( ! h\sehold1 & is rew>d$ by an
 abundance (  :olesome milk4 ,b !re are 
_m matt]s ( detail 9 keep+ a c[1  :i* x 
is impossible to notice 9 a limit$ essay
 l ?is4 ,if !  own] desires to be fully 
in=m$ on ! subject1 he w d well to      
pur*ase a few books t treat ^u !        
subject4    ,! /able = ! c[ %\ld be w>m1
 dry1 well v5tilat$1 & l>ge  en\gh to   
conta9 two or ?ree tons ( hay & litt]1  
toge!r )  o!r mat]ial to be describ$    
h]eaft]1 besides a /all = ! c[1  & room 

= ! calf4 ,if ! own] ( ! c[ has a /able 
t fulfils  ^! requirem5ts1 x w answ] 8  
purpose if he makes a prop] /all  9 x4  
,if he has no /able1 & _c af=d ! exp5se 
( build+ a  good "o1 he mu/ at lea/ h a 
prop] /all to save ! manure ( !  c[1 &  
to %elt] h] f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r4 ,a 
/able t  w fully answ] ?is purpose1 %\ld
 be at lea/ f\rte5 feet squ>e1  & ab\t  
twelve feet high to ! eaves1 & %\ld h a 
l(t =  /or+ hay4 ,! annex$ figures      
repres5t su* a /ructure 9 outl9e3       
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4                
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4    ,figure #ag 
is a gr\nd plan1 & %[s t ! l[] /ory is  
divid$  into two p>ts1 ,s1 repres5t+ !  
/all1 & ,r1 all ! rema9+  portion bel[4 
,! /all is t5 feet long1 & %\ld be five1
 or ne>ly  five feet wide2 ,m1 repres5ts
 ! mang]1 :i* is ab\t two feet deep1    
eighte5 in*es wide1 & 9 l5g? equal to ! 
wid? ( ! /all4 ,!  c[ is ti$ to ! mang] 
) a halt] or *a92 ,t1 is a tr\gh 9 !    
mang] = fe$+ roots1 salt1 etc41 & is    
ab\t "o foot wide1 eight  in*es deep1 & 

9 l5g? equal to ! wid? ( ! mang]4 ,!    
floor  ( ! /all %\ld slope a little to !
 re>1 & mu/ be wat]-tight1  s z to      
conduct ! ur9e ( ! c[ into ! br9e-pit1  
,b4 ,! floor  may be compos$ ( cem5t1 or
 ( two-in* plank closely fitt$ toge!r4  
,! br9e-pit1 ,b1 consi/s ( a wat]-tight 
box made ( plank1 &  %\ld be ab\t "o    
foot wide1 six in*es deep1 & 9 l5g?     
equal to  ! wid? ( ! /all4 ,?is pit is  
sunk into ! gr\nd s t its top  is on a  
level ) ! floor1 9 ord] t x may receive 
all ! liquid  dis*>ges ( ! c[ t are n   
absorb$ by ! litt]4 ,if ! floor  is laid
 9 cem5t ! pit may be made ( ! same     
mat]ial4 ,! object  ( ! br9e-pit is to  
save ! liquid manure2 to accompli% :i* !
  latt] mu/ be reta9$ by "s absorb5t4   
,dry e>? is us$ = ?is  purpose4 ,at fir/
 ! bottom ( ! pit is cov]$ ) dry e>?1 & 
z soon z ?is is moi/1 m e>? is add$     
until ! pit is full (  ! saturat$       
sub/ance1 :5 ! latt] is ?r[n ^u ! compo/
 heap1  & ! same process repeat$4 ,a    
door is plac$ at e1 = admitt+ !  c[1 &  

c>ry+ away ! manure4 ,! p>tition betwe5 
,s & ,r may  be made ( bo>ds or rails1 &
 ne$ n be ov] f\r feet high4    ,!      
division1 ,r1 is us$ = keep+ litt]1 dry 
e>?1 arti*oke  roots1 gre5 fodd]1 & !   
calf4 ,x %\ld h a door at "s  conv5i5t  
place = entrance f ! outside1 & a w9d[ )
 a  glass-frame1 pref]ably on ! s\?     
side4 ,x is 9 communication )  ! /all by
 means ( a gate at d4    ,figure #ah is 
a view ( ! gable-end1 ,l1 repres5t+ !   
l(t =  /or+ hay & o!r dry fodd]4 ,! l(t 
has a %utt] 9 "o ( !  gable-ends or     
sides1 & a ladd] or /eps runn+ up to x f
 )91  = conv5i5ce ( fe$+4 ,p1 is a po/ 9
 ! corn] ( ! mang]4  ,! o!r lett]s 9    
figure #ah indicate ! same p>ts z 9     
figure #ag4    ,! c[-y>d w be l>ge en\gh
 if x conta9s an area ( two squ>e  rods2
 b x c be made some:at l>g] ) advantage4
 ,x ought to  adjo9 ! /able s z to give 
! c[ direct access to ! /all2 &  ought  
to be %ad$ by trees 9 ord] to af=d %elt]
 to ! c[ f  ! direct rays ( ! sun 9     
summ]4 ,! c[ %\ld be kept 9 !  y>d only 

a "p ( ! day1 & ! re/ ( ! "t %e %\ld be 
9  ! /all4 ,! /all-door %\ld be left op5
 :5 %e is 9 ! y>d1  s t %e c ent] !     
/able at w4 ,"s manure w be lo/ by      
suff]+ h] to run 9 ! y>d2 b ! b5efit t  
%e w d]ive  f x1 9 heal? & cont5tm5t1 w 
m ?an comp5sate = !  loss4      ,,mak+  
,,& ,,sav+ ,,manure4    ,! compo/ heap  
may be kept 9 ! c[-y>d1 & mu/ be 9 !    
%ade4  ,x %\ld1 !re=e1 be plac$ on !    
nor? side ( ! /able1 &  trees %\ld be   
plant$ ea/ & we/ ( x4 ,x mu/ n be "u    
cov]  nor wa%$ by runn+ wat]1 nor       
receive ! wat] f ! ro( ( !  /able2 b !  
ra9 %\ld fall on x directly f ! skies to
 promote  decomposition1 & to prev5t !  
escape ( its volatile con/itu5ts4  ,!   
manure ( ! /all1 & ! saturat$ e>? ( !   
br9e pit1 are  mix$ toge!r to =m !      
compo/ heap1 & all ! refuse mat]ial (  !
 f>m1 g>d51 & y>d1 %\ld be ?r[n on x4 ,x
 ought to be kept  9 a compact body1    
level on top1 & protect$ by bo>ds on !  
sides to  prev5t x f spread+4 ,no a%es  
or lime %\ld ev] be appli$ to x4        

,reg>d+ ! mat]ial = absorb+ ! liquid    
excretions ( ! c[1  no?+ bett] c be f\nd
 ?an prep>$ muck2 b z ?is is seldom     
obta9able1 ! scrap+s ( ! /reets ( a     
city1 or ev5 ( a public  road1 may be   
us$ in/ead4 ,if ^! _c be _h1 ! surface  
soil (  ! dairy f>m answ] ! purpose4    
,:atev] sub/ance is employ$ mu/ be      
?or\ghly dri$4 ,! middle ( summ] is !   
prop] "t to prep>e x4  ,ab\t f\r c>t    
loads ( x1 z dry z !y c be made1 %\ld be
 kept  9 ! /able1 or 9 "s o!r place :]e 
x is n liable to attract  moi/ure2 & t  
am\nt w la/ ! ye> r\nd4                 
,,conclusions ,,ab\t ,,arti*okes4    ,i 
h n[ giv5 my in/ructions = keep+ a c[1 &
 x is evid5t  f :at ,i h writt51 t !    
,j]usalem ,arti*oke is my ma9  dep5d5ce 
= h] support4 ,! o!r po9ts t ,i h t\*$  
^u1  are ( m9or importance1 :5 comp>$ ) 
! value t ,i h  atta*$ to ?is plant4 ,my
 own exp]i5ce ) ! plant satisfies me  t 
,i h n ov]/at$ its m]its4 ,on ri* l& a  
s+le /alk w  produce f a peck to half a 
bu%el ( ! tub]s4 ,la/ ye> 0 an          

exceptionably unfavorable "o 9 ?is      
locality1 on acc\nt ( dr\? 9  summ] &   
fall2 & yet ! arti*okes t ,i plant$     
betwe5 ! trees  9 my pea* or*>d yield$  
abundantly4 ,i h fatt5$ cattle on !m    
)\t any additional food except+ a little
 hay1 until !y 7 fit  = ! but*]2 & my   
horses ?rive on !m :5 f$ 9 connection ) 
hay1 do+ full "w )\t gra94 ,a bro!r (   
m9e plant$ arti*okes  9 a field t _h be5
 9 cultivation = m ?an a c5tury1 & yet  
9 spite ( ! dr\?1 ( indiff]5t culture   
)\t manure1 & ( an  e>ly fro/ t         
prematurely kill$ ! plants1 ! yield     
am\nt$ to  betwe5 five hundr$ & six     
hundr$ bu%els to ! acre4      ,,rural   
,,economy4    ,b\ss+ault 9 8 8,rural    
,economy10 pp4 #aei-afj says3 8,!       
,j]usalem  ,arti*oke rises to a hight ( 
f n9e to t5 feet2 x fl[]s late1  & ,i h 
n yet se5 x rip5 its se$s4 ,x is        
propagat$ by !  tub]s :i* x produces1 & 
:i* are reg>d$1 = good reason1 a  mo/   
excell5t food = cattle4444 ,!re are few 
plants m h>dy &  s little nice ab\t !   

soil z ! ,j]usalem ,arti*oke2 x succe$s 
ev]y:]e ) ! s+le condition t ! gr\nd be 
n wet4444 ,(  all ! plants t engage !   
husb&man1 ! ,j]usalem ,arti*oke is  t   
:i* produces ! mo/ at ! lea/ exp5se (   
manure & manual  labor4 ,kade /ates t a 
squ>e pat* ( ,j]usalem ,arti*okes 9 a   
g>d5 0 /ill 9 full productive vigor at !
 end ( ?irty-?ree  ye>s1 ?r[+ out /ems f
 sev5 to t5 feet 9 l5g?1 al?\gh =  a v  
long "t ! plant _h nei!r receiv$ any c>e
 or any manure4  ,i c\ld quote _m       
examples ( ! great reproductive p[] ( ! 
,helian?us2 ,i c affirm1 nev]!less1 t 9 
ord] to obta9 abundant  crops1 x is     
necess>y to af=d a little manure4444    
,s*w]tz e/imates  ! mean quantity ( dry 
leaves & /ems at ?ree tons1 "o cwt41 "o 
qu>t] & fifte5 p\nds p] acre40    ,aga91
 p4 #dja--8;,exp]im5t )                 
horses4--,j]usalem potatoes are held    
excell5t food = ! horse2 !y are eat5    
gre$ily1 & he ?rives  on !m4 ,9 ?is     
second exp]im5t #cj4h p\nds ( ,j]usalems
 cut into  slices 7 sub/itut$ = elev5   

p\nds ( hay1 ! same !oretical           
equival5ts be+ assum$ = !m z = ! common 
potato4 ,! ration  n[ consi/$ ( hay1    
elev5 p\nds2 /raw1 five & a half p\nds2 
oats1  sev5 & a half p\nds1 & ,j]usalem 
potatoes1 #cj4h p\nds4 ,hav+ be5        
accu/om$ to ?is regim5 = "s days1 !     
teams 7 weigh$1 &  hav+ gone on = elev5 
days1 !y 7 weigh$ aga93                 
,team ,no4 #a4  ,no4 #b4  ,bo? ,teams4  
,mean p] horse4      ,9 elev5 days1 ga9 
#ee    loss #cc     ga9 #bb        ga9  
4#i    8,a result :i* leads to !        
conclusion t ! equival5t assum$ =  !    
,j]usalem potato 0 correct2 ! animals _h
 done _! "w1 &  ga9$ "o ) ano!r n9e-t5?s
 ( a p\nd 9 weight40    ,aga91 p4       
#djf4--8,"o hundr$ p\nds ( good         
mead[-hay may be tak51 z  asc]ta9$ by   
exp]im5t1 to be equival5t to        #bhj
 ( ,potatoes1      by analysis equal to 
#cae      #bhj ( ,j]usalems1          0 
0      #caa      #djj ( ,beets1         
0       0      #edh      #djj ( ,sw$es  
7too little71 0       0      #fgf       

#djj ( ,c>rots1             0       0   
#chb    ,aga91 p4 #dae4--8,"o ?\s& p>ts 
7by weight7 ( ! =age ga!r$ at           
,be*elbr\n 9 its ord9>y /ate conta9$3   
,m9]al     ,azote4  ,phos4   ,lime4     
,bone                   ,sub/ances4     
,acid4            ,e>?4      ,potatoes1 
#i4fd         #c4gj     #a4ji      4#ag 
4#cc      ,beet1           #g4gj        
#b4aj      4#df      4#ed      4#ie     
,turnip1         #e4gj         #a4cj    
4#ce      4#fb      4#gb                
,j]usalems1    #ab4dg         #c4ge     
#a4ce      4#bi      4#ec    ,aga91 p4  
#ddi4--8,sev5? exp]im5t--) a c[ two     
hundr$ & n9ety  days aft] calv+4--,9 ?is
 trial ! ration consi/$ ( ,j]usalem     
potatoes equival5t to ?irty-?ree p\nds (
 hay1 "u :i* ! milk  may be said to h   
rema9$ /ation>y1 ?\gh x 0 above r ?an   
"u ! six p9ts p] diem1 z 9 ! six?       
exp]im5t10 7) ,iri%  potatoes74    ,i   
consid]1 !re=e1 t1 accord+ to exp]im5t &
 analysis1 !  ,j]usalem ,arti*oke is    
fully equal to ! potato z food = /ock1 &

  greatly sup]ior to beets1 turnips1 &  
c>rots4 ,9 ! regim5 t ,i  h prescrib$ = 
! c[1 ,i h giv5 ! ,j]usalem ,arti*oke ! 
pref]5ce ov] all o!r roots1 because ,i  
deem x sup]ior to !m 9  all respects4 ,x
 conta9s m nutrim5t ?an any ( !m1       
except+  ! potato2 x is less exhau/ive (
 ! soil1 & m efficaci\s 9  improv+ x2 x 
produces a l>g] crop2 x is less liable  
to failure 9  adv]se wea!r2 x keeps     
bett] & ) less c>e2 x is eat5 )  a      
great] reli% by /ock2 & x requires less 
labor 9 cultivat+1  h>ve/+1 & fe$+ x4   
,analysis has %[n t x conta9s its       
c>bonace\s pr9ciples 9 ! =m ( sug>      
in/ead ( />*1 #ad4h  p>ts (             
uncry/allizable sug> hav+ be5 f\nd 9 "o 
hundr$ p>ts (  ! tub]4 ,x has no />*    
cells to be brok5 up by boil+1 9 ord]   
to make x a dige/ible alim5t2 & h[ l>ge 
soev] ! tub]s may  be1 !y c be f$ )\t   
be+ cut into slices1 on acc\nt ( _!     
fragility & brittl5ess1 be+ ma/icat$ by 
! c[ )\t difficulty  or dang] ( *ok+4   
,! ,j]usalem ,arti*oke is little kn[n & 

cultivat$ 9 ?is c\ntry1  & its m]its are
 n fully appreciat$ any:]e4 ,! reason   
probably  is because !re is b a limit$  
dem& = x 9 ! m>ket4 ,b x  %\ld n be     
neglect$ on t acc\nt2 = x is n ! less   
valuable1  because ! pr(its d]iv$ f x   
are indirect4 ,x %\ld nev] be  rais$ z a
 volunte] crop1 z is too (t5 ! case1 b  
%\ld be  regul>ly plant$ & work$ l o!r  
products4 ,i h discuss$ ?is  plant z    
advantage\s food = 8"o0 c[1 & ,i may add
 t x is  equally m]itori\s = any numb] (
 c[s4 ,b its advantages d n  /op "h4    
,horses1 cattle1 %eep1 & sw9e1 ?rive &  
fatt5 on x1 &  ! millions ( acres (     
exhau/$ & det]iorat$ l&s1 t desc5d  z a 
pr(itless inh]itance f g5]ation to      
g5]ation 9 ! ,ea/]n  & ,s\!rn ,/ates1 c 
be improv$ & kept f]tile1 ) pr(it to !  
f>m] dur+ ! process ( r5ovation1 )\t !  
aid ( artificial  f]tiliz]s or import$  
manures1 by fe$+ ! tub]s ( ! ,j]usalem  
,arti*oke to /ock on ! f>m4             
,,views ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,a           
,,practical ,,f>m]4    ,,by ,f4 ,e4     

,,gott1 ,,sp5c]port1 ,n4 ,y4      ,hav+ 
be5 a practical f>m] all my life1 )     
consid]able exp]i5ce  9 ! c>e ( /ock &  
dairy+1 ,i give y ! result ( my         
exp]i5ce4 ,! sy/em ( managem5t :i* w\ld 
be pr(itably adopt$  by "o w\ld be      
utt]ly impracticable = ano!r4 ,9 my own 
case ,i h  ab\t "o acre ( l&1 "o half ( 
:i* ,i set ap>t = production (  food =  
my c[1 :ile ! rema9d] is occupi$ by !   
build+s 9  "p1 & ! re/ is devot$ to !   
culture ( small fruits4 ,)\t  ?is l& ,i 
%\ld be oblig$ to hire my c[ pa/ur$     
?r\gh ! summ]1  at a co/ ( ab\t fifty   
c5ts p] week1 :i* ,i am n[ able to save 
by  practis+ a sy/em ( soil+4 ,!        
advantages ( :i* are num]\s4            
,,pr(it ,,9 ,,buy+ ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,fe$4  
,i am aw>e t ! am\nt ( l& :i* ,i h      
devot$ to ?is purpose  is inadequate4   
,"o acre w\ld be none too mu* to supply 
a c[ ) food  ?r\gh ! ye>1 b ,i c realize
 m pr(it by pur*as+ a portion  ( !      
necess>y food & devot+ "p ( my l& to !  
culture (  small fruits1 ! am\nt ( money

 receiv$ f ! sales ( :i*1 w  m ?an pay =
 ! fe$ t ,i c\ld raise on ! same l&4    
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4--,,plan ,,(    
,,c[-,,%$1 ,,etc4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4
 #bj4--,,p]spective ,,view4    ,my b>n  
7figs4 #ai & #bj7 is inexp5sive1 yet x  
answ]s e purpose4  ,x consi/s ( a box-p5
 = ! c[1 an op5 %$ & a pig-/y1 !  :ole  
cov]$ by "o ro(1 & occupy+ a space tw5ty
 feet 9 l5g?  by f\rte5 feet 9 bread?4  
,x is con/ruct$ ( hemlock lumb]4 ,!     
po/s on ! front are twelve feet 9 hight1
 :ile ^? on ! back side  are eight4 ,x  
is bo>d$ v]tically & batt5$ on ! sides1 
& !  ro( is also cov]$ ) r\gh bo>ds1    
laid on d\ble1 break+ jo9ts  s t no wat]
 c leak ?r\gh4 ,! box = ! c[ is eight   
feet by  t51 & is six feet & f\r in*es  
high 9 ! cle>4 ,adjo9+ ?is  is a fe$+   
passage f\r feet by eight4 ,! arrangem5t
 ( doors is  %[n 9 ! accompany+ sket*4  
,! middle portion ( ! build+ is  an op5 
%$1 & is sev5 feet wide by f\rte5 feet  
long4 ,x is us$  pr9cipally = /or+ dry  
muck & also z a cov] = ! manure pile4   

,adjo9+ ! op5 %$ is ! pig-p54 ,:ile !   
p>tition betwe5 !  c[-/all & %$ is c>ri$
 up to ! floor above1 mak+ a tight box  
/all1 t betwe5 ! pig-/y & %$ is only    
built f\r feet f  ! gr\nd1 leav+ ! upp] 
"p op54 ,a floor is laid at a hight (   
six feet t5 in*es f ! gr\nd1 :i*        
provides /orage room = hay  above4 ,i   
w\ld sugge/1 z an improvem5t to ?is     
plan1 t ! :ole  be built two feet high]1
 mak+ ! long po/s f\rte5 feet in/ead (  
twelve1 & ! %ort ones t5 in/ead ( eight1
 !reby secur+ m  room above4 ,!re w\ld  
!n be suffici5t room = ! /orage ( ov]   
two ?\s& p\nds ( clov] hay4 ,( c\rse !  
provision ,i h made  = a pig is outside 
( ! "q "u consid]ation1 b 9 view (  !   
fact t :]ev] a c[ is kept1 a pig may    
also be pr(itably rais$  & fatt5$ on !  
skim-milk & mu* t w\ld o!rwise be wa/$1 
& at ! same "t increase greatly ! value 
( ! manure heap1 ,i  ?9k su* provision  
%\ld be made1 especially z ! co/ ( su*  
an  addition to ! c['s %$ is b little4  
,9 case x is n desirable to  keep a pig1

 ! space may be us$ z a calf-p5 or = !  
/orage (  /raw4 ,! co/ ( ! build+ :i* ,i
 h describ$ %\ld n exce$  fifty doll>s4 
,! only way to secure a good c[1 is to  
keep try+ until we get su*  a c[ z we   
want & !n hold on to h]4 ,we may h to   
*ange sev]al  times be=e we c br+ ?is   
ab\t1 b !re is no infallible rule =     
select+ a good c[4 ,7 ,i to select "o = 
myself1 ,i %\ld select  "o n ov] five   
ye>s old1 ( g5tle1 quiet disposition1 ) 
a l>ge  b>rel2 "o ^: udd] is l>ge & well
 =m$1 ) teats set well  ap>t1 ( good    
size1 & project+ slightly outw>d f ea*  
o!r1 &  ) l>ge milk ve9s4    ,! me?od   
:i* ,i h adopt$ 9 ! managem5t ( my c[1  
has ?is 9  its favor1 t x has be5 highly
 & uni=mly pr(itable to me4             
,,manag+ ,,! ,,manure ,,pile4    ,i %all
 fir/ pres5t my mode ( mak+ manure1 & ( 
apply+ ! same4  ,! preval5t idea among  
^? :o keep a s+le c[ or o!r dome/ic     
animal is1 t ! manure1 in/ead ( be+ sav$
 & protect$ f  loss ) ! greate/ c>e1 is 
a nuisance1 :i* %\ld be summ>ily        

dispos$ (4 ,x is an e/abli%$ fact t !   
liquid portion ( !  excrem5t ne>ly1 if n
 q1 equals 9 value ! solid portion1 &  9
 ord] to save bo? we mu/ provide "s     
means by :i* ! liquid &  volatile       
portions ( ! manure may be prev5t$ f go+
 to wa/e4  ,?is is be/ accompli%$ by    
means ( absorb5ts1 & !re is no?+  bett] 
or *eap] = ?is purpose ?an dri$ muck or 
e>?1 a good  supply ( :i* %\ld be       
con/antly kept "u cov] :]e x is easily  
accessible4 ,=tunately ,i am s situat$ t
 ,i c obta9 a supply q  easily4 ,!re is 
)9 half a mile f my place a l>ge tract (
 swamp  l&1 f :i* ,i c obta91 = a l[    
price1 all ! 8muck0 ,i ne$4  ,e fall1 ,i
 /ore away "u my %$ a suffici5t quantity
 to la/ me  ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,?is _h       
previ\sly be5 ?r[n into piles & dri$4   
,x is q ess5tial t x %\ld be ?or\ghly   
dri$1 s t x  w readily absorb ! liquid  
manure1 & ?is may be accompli%$ by  pil+
 & all[+ x to be expos$ to sun & air =  
six mon?s or a  ye> be=e want$ = use4 ,!
 bottom ( ! /all is cov]$ ) t5  or      

twelve in*es ( ! dry muck1 ov] :i* ,i   
scatt] a light cov]+  ( cut /raw or     
sawdu/1 s z to secure a clean b$1 &     
prev5t !  p>ticles ( dirt & muck f /ick+
 to ! c[ & dropp+ f  !nce into ! pail4  
,! dry e>? readily absorbs ! liquid     
dropp+s  & :5ev] x becomes saturat$ ) ! 
same1 may be remov$1 toge!r  ) ! manure 
& soil$ /raw1 to a pile b5ea? ! cov]$   
%$1  :5 a fre% supply ( dry muck1 en\gh 
to replace t :i* 0 remov$  is c>ri$ 9 & 
! :ole is aga9 cov]$ ) ! cut /raw4 ,an  
occasional spr9kl+ ( pla/] 7gypsum7 is  
appli$ bo? to ! litt]  9 ! /all & to !  
manure heap1 :i* prev5ts any loss (     
ammonia1  & h5ce all unpleasant odors   
are avoid$4 ,:5ev] a =kful ( manure  is 
put on ! pile1 x is imm$iately cov]$ )  
muck4 ,twice ea* ye>  ?is is haul$ on to
 ! l&4 ,manure ?us treat$ w n wa/e1 ei!r
  by ! lea*+ out ( soluble matt]1 by !  
escape ( ammonia1 or by  fire-fang+4 ,& 
z !re is no co>se mat]ial1 su* z long   
/raw or  corn /alks m+l$ ) x1 x is      
always 9 a suitable condition to  use4  

,if dry e>? or muck _c be obta9$1 cut   
/raw or sawdu/ may  be sub/itut$4 ,b    
e>?1 be+ an excell5t deodoriz] itself1 &
  conta9+1 z x does1 mu* valuable       
f]tiliz+ matt]1 is mu* to be  pref]r$4  
,if artificial f]tiliz]s are us$1 !y may
 at any "t be mix$ )  ! compo/ heap4    
,also1 :5 a pig is kept1 its p5 %\ld be 
clean$  daily & ! litt]1 m+l$ ) ! g5]al 
pile1 w add greatly  to its value4      
,common salt may occasionally be add$ to
 ! compo/ heap  ) advantage1 b a%es     
nev]1 z !y t5d to lib]ate ! ammonia &   
!reby cause wa/e4      ,,y>d ,,room ,,& 
,,ex]cise4    ,x is n necess>y to h a   
l>ge y>d connect$ ) ! /able1 z  a c[ is 
seldom incl9$ to ex]cise h] locomotive  
p[]s m ?an  is requir$ to secure h]     
food1 & if ?is is plac$ be=e h] at      
suitable times & 9 suffici5t quantity to
 supply h] dem&s1 %e  w rema9 p]fectly  
cont5t$ 9 an enclosure tw5ty feet squ>e4
 ,9  plann+ our build+s let u be> 9 m9d 
t sunlight is ess5tial  to p]fect heal?4
 ,!re=e we %\ld h ! y>d on ! sunny side 

( ! build+4 ,at ! same "t we %\ld see t 
!re is a %ady  corn]1 :]e ! c[ may take 
h]self dur+ int5se heat4 ,a h9t 9  ?is  
direction is suffici5t4 ,no?+ c be m    
cruel ?an to =ce  any dumb animal to /& 
expos$ to ! rays ( an ,augu/ mid-day    
sun1 or  :]e %e is torm5t$ ne>ly to dea?
 by flies4 ,yet we (t5 see j  su*       
inhuman neglect on ! "p ( ^? :o %\ld "k 
bett]4    ,al?\gh 9 _m respects         
desirable1 a pa/ure lot is n absolutely 
ess5tial1 & 9 ! case ( ! villag]1 ^: l& 
is measur$ by  feet in/ead ( acres1 x   
mu/ be disp5s$ )4 ,h5ce we h rec\rse  to
 :at is t]m$ ! soil+ sy/em1 :i* is      
simply cultivat+ su*  crops z w produce 
a succession ( gre5 food ?r\gh\t !      
season1  & plac+ ! same be=e ! c[ 9 su* 
quantities & at su* times  z %e may     
require1 in/ead ( all[+ h] to tramp     
ar\nd aft] h]  fe$1 & !reby wa/e m ?an  
%e eats4 ,x requires "s skill &  judgm5t
 to c>ry out ?is plan successfully1 b   
:]ev] x has bean  practis$ judici\sly & 
intellig5tly1 ! results h be5 uni=mly   

satisfactory4 ,z to :at am\nt ( l& is   
requir$ 9 ord] to keep  a c[ ?r\gh !    
ye>1 ,i w n pret5d to say2 nor d ,i ?9k 
x  advisable to try to produce ! entire 
am\nt ( food requir$ = a full  ye>'s    
su/5ance4      ,,hay4    ,i "k t = me x 
is f> bett] to pur*ase :at hay w be ne$$
  to fe$ ?r\gh ! w9t] ?an to attempt to 
gr[ x4 ,besides1 our  village lots are  
mu* too small to be pr(itably conv]t$   
into hay  fields1 & ev5 if !re %\ld be m
 l& ?an is necess>y to  furni% ! soil+  
crops = summ] fe$+1 x is usually mu*    
bett]  economy to employ ! same 9 !     
cultivation ( small fruits1 :i*1 z  ,i h
 be=e /at$1 m ?an pays = :at hay is     
requir$1 besides  supply+ u ) _m        
luxuries4    ,9 my own case1 ,i h set   
ap>t "o-half ( an acre f :i* to supply  
! c[ ) food dur+ a p]iod ext5d+ f ,may  
fir/ to ,novemb]  fir/4 ,n[ ?is w be    
entirely insuffici5t1 except "u ! v  be/
 cultivation & managem5t1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 
,i am b\nd to be/[  ^u x4 ,t x is       
suffici5t1 ) prop] c>e1 ,i h repeat$ly  

prov$4 ,su* results c\ld h>dly be       
expect$1 h[ev]1 f l& :i*  has receiv$ no
 previ\s prep>ation1 & is worn1 wormy1 &
 we$y4  ,let u assume1 !n1 t our half   
acre is 9 a good1 fair /ate (           
productiv5ess4 ,to produce a cont9u\s   
supply ( :olesome fodd]1 ,i  f9d a sy/em
 ( rotation mu/ be practis$1 & h        
subdivid$ my half  acre into f\r equal  
p>ts1 conta9+ ea* "o-eigh? ( an acre1 or
  tw5ty squ>e rods4 ,^! ,i %all         
designate z plots "o1 two1 ?ree1  & f\r4
 ,plot "o is at ! pres5t "t 9 clov]1    
hav+ be5 se$$  "o ye> ago1 & w be ready 
= use ab\t ,june4 ,plot two 0 s[n  to   
w9t] rye la/ ,octob]1 & w be se$$ d[n ) 
clov] ?is  spr+4 ,f ?is pat* ( rye ,i   
%all obta9 ! e>lie/ fe$1 &  w beg9 us+ x
 ab\t ,may fir/4 ,plot ?ree w be s[n )  
corn1  drill$ ?ickly 9 r[s two & a half 
feet ap>t1 :i*1 if s[n z soon  z dang] f
 fro/ is pa/1 w be ready = use ab\t     
,augu/ fir/4  ,plot f\r w be s[n to     
mangels or sug> beets4 ,i pref] ! latt]1
  & ?is is ! only crop cultivat$ = w9t] 

use4 ,bo? ?is crop &  ! corn are plant$ 
) a g>d5 se$ drill1 :ile ! rye is s[n   
broadca/4 ,on ! fir/ ( ,may ,i beg9     
cutt+ ! rye4 ,up to ?is "t  ! c[ has be5
 f$ on clov]1 hay1 & gra94    ,i        
calculate to h ! c[ drop h] calf at ab\t
 ,april fir/4 ,to ?is  end ,i h h] s]v$ 
ab\t ,june tw5ty-fif?4 ,( c\rse1 we _c  
always h our own way 9 ?is matt]1 b1    
accid5t except$1 we c  usually manage s 
z to approximate ! "t4 ,dur+ a p]iod ( a
 few  days subsequ5t to p>turition1 ,i  
fe$ q sp>+ly--h[ev]1 all[+  h] all !    
long hay %e w eat1 toge!r ) a peck (    
beets twice  a day1 b no gra9 ( any k9d1
 ?is r$uc$ ration be+ necess>y to  avoid
 ! dang] :i* might result f ! too       
abundant secretion (  milk at ?is "t1   
:i* high fe$+ w\ld t5d to produce4 ,if  
at !  end ( ! fif? day aft] calv+1 no   
bad results h occurr$1 su*  z milk fev]1
 & !re is little or no cak+ ( ! bag1 ,i 
beg9 to  gradually increase ! fe$1      
until1 at ! t5? day1 ,i rea* ! normal   
/&>d1 :i* is z foll[s3      ,,daily     

,,fe$+4    ,at half-pa/ five ,a4 ,m4 ,i 
fe$ h] f\r qu>ts ( a mixture consi/+  ( 
"o "p ea* ( corn meal & oat meal1 & two 
p>ts ( bran4 ,f\r  qu>ts ( ?is is mix$ )
 a heap+ half bu%el ( cut 7*aff$7 hay1  
moi/5$ b n soak$4 ,:ile %e is occupi$ 9 
eat+1 ,i clean !  manure f ! /able1     
remove all dirt f h] udd]1 & any t  w\ld
 be likely to drop into ! pail :ile     
milk+4 ,sometimes a sponge  & wat] are  
requir$ to accompli% ?is1 b usually an  
old piece (  a blanket kept = ! purpose 
is all t is necess>y4 ,i !n milk  & c>ry
 ! milk directly to ! h\se be=e x has "t
 to cool or  absorb odors1 :i*1 ev5 ) ! 
utmo/ c>e & cleanl9ess _c  be entirely  
avoid$4 ,aft] breakfa/1 ,i give ! c[ a  
peck ( slic$  beets1 on :i* has be5     
spr9kl$ ab\t a dess]t spoonful ( salt1  
:i* completes h] breakfa/4 ,at ?is "t x 
is a v good plan to use  ! curry comb or
 c>d = t5 or fifte5 m9utes1 ?\gh ,i mu/ 
confess  t ,i sometimes neglect ?is "p (
 ! programme3 /ill ,i ?9k t  my c[ gets 
f> m indulg5ce 9 ?is direction ?an mo/  

c[s 9 !  neighborhood4 ,aft] %e has     
f9i%$ eat+1 if ! wea!r is n too         
unfavorable1 ,i all[ h] to run out 9 !  
y>d1 :]e1 at noon1 ,i give  h] j z mu*  
long hay z %e w eat up clean1 & no m4   
,!re is at all times pl5ty ( fre% wat] 9
 ! y>d1 to :i* %e  c help h]self :5ev]  
%e s desires2 o!rwise %e w\ld ne$  to h 
x suppli$ to h] at lea/ twice a day1 b n
 imm$iately  be=e or aft] a fe$ ( gra94 
,at half-pa/ five 9 ! aft]noon  %e      
receives ! same am\nt ( food1 & prep>$ 9
 ! same mann]  z 9 ! morn+4 ,?is me?od  
is cont9u$ until ! crop ( rye is  l>ge  
en\gh = use4 ,all *anges f dry to gre5  
fe$ mu/ be made  gradually1 if we w\ld  
avoid loss4 ,by ?is "t our supply (     
roots w  be exhau/$1 b ! gre5 food1 9 a 
measure1 takes ! place ( !m4  ,i cont9ue
 to give ! same am\nt ( gra9 ?r\gh\t !  
summ] z  ,i did ?r\gh ! mon? ( ,april1 &
 also to mix x ) *aff$ hay  slightly    
moi/5$1 z ?is insures ! complete        
ma/ication & ?or\gh  int]m+l+ ) !       
saliva1 :i* is s ess5tial to p]fect     

dige/ion  & assimilation4 ,z ! supply ( 
gre5 food increases1 ,i dim9i% !        
quantity ( *aff$ hay until b "o-half !  
=m] am\nt is us$1  :i* quantity is      
cont9u$ ?r\gh ! soil+ season4 ,!        
"o-eigh?  acre ( rye w la/ until ab\t   
,june fifte5?1 at :i* "t ! r$  clov] w  
be l>ge en\gh to fe$4 ,we %\ld n *ange  
abruptly f  "o k9d ( gre5 food to ano!r1
 b increase ! "o & dim9i% !  o!r        
gradually until ! *ange is complete4 ,to
 asc]ta9 ! exact  am\nt ne$$ = a fe$ (  
?is k9d1 z well z ( ! o!r gre5  crops1  
requires "s judgm5t on ! "p ( ! fe$]2 b 
a v safe  rule is to fe$ j su* an am\nt 
z ! c[ w eat clean1 & no  m4 ,we _c     
specify exactly :at w\ld be a prop]     
am\nt 9 e  case1 nei!r c we sp5d "t to  
weigh ea* ration1 b1 by obs]v+          
c>efully1 we are enabl$ to det]m9e v    
closely4 ,i f9d t my c[  w eat1 besides 
h] o!r fe$1 a good armful ( gre5 fodd]  
?ree  times a day4 ,i always cut a day's
 supply on ! aft]noon prec$+1 &  all[ x 
to rema9 9 ! swa?1 :]e x w wilt1 & a    

portion (  ! wat] evaporate1 !reby r5d]+
 x m :olesome ?an :5 f$  imm$iately aft]
 cutt+1 & ,i ?9k my c[ reli%es x bett]4 
,by !  fifte5? or tw5tie? ( ,july !     
clov] w h become s ripe z  to           
necessitate ! cutt+ & cur+ ( any t may  
be left at t  "t4 ,x may /ill be f$1    
h[ev]1 = a few days1 or until ! s[$     
corn becomes l>ge en\gh to take its     
place1 :i* is g5]ally ab\t !  fir/ (    
,augu/4 ,?is crop1 & ! second cutt+ ( ! 
clov]1 w  complete ! c\rse1 & w furni%  
fe$ until well along into ,octob]1  or !
 fir/ ( ,novemb]1 aft] :i* ,i dep5d on  
pur*as$ food4    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4    
#ba4--,,! ,,dut* 7,,hol/e97 ,,c[ 8,,cr[n
 ,,pr9cess40      ,,w9t] ,,fe$ ,,&      
,,treatm5t4    ,if n previ\sly done1 ,i 
n[ procure ?ree ?\s& p\nds ( ! be/  e>ly
 cut clov] hay4 ,z my %$ is n           
suffici5tly l>ge to /ore  away ?is      
am\nt1 ,i am oblig$ to /ack "p ( x4 ,i  
also procure bran  & meal4 ,! am\nt ( ^!
 :i* ,i require = a ye>'s supply is3  ( 
bran1 "o ?\s& p\nds2 ( corn meal1 "o    

?\s& p\nds2 &  ( oat meal1 sev5 hundr$ &
 fifty p\nds4 ,^! am\nts1 well mix$     
toge!r1 w furni% a fe$ ( eight qu>ts p] 
day1 :i* am\nt is  dim9i%$ dur+ ! p]iod 
9 :i* ! c[ is dry1 & is sometimes       
increas$1 if by any means o!r food is   
%ort4 ,x is n advisable  to procure all 
?is fe$ at once1 =1 if /or$1 x w\ld be q
  likely to heat & m\ld be=e x c\ld be  
us$1 besides be+ subject  to loss f rats
 & o!r v]m94 ,i !re=e procure "o-six? ( 
?is am\nt1 or two mon?s' supply at a "t1
 & ,i h (t5 f\nd x  conv5i5t & pr(itable
 to buy ! corn & oats & h !m gr\nd      
myself4 ,! c\rse pursu$ 9 fe$+ f        
,novemb] fir/ until ,febru>y  fifte5?1  
at :i* "t ! c[ becomes dry1 is simil> to
 t :i* ,i  h describ$ = ! mon? ( ,april4
 ,x is bett] to dry (f ! c[  f\r1 five1 
or ev5 six weeks prior to calv+4        
,sometimes1 9 ord] to d  ?is1 x w be    
necess>y to omit ! gra9 & dim9i% !      
quantity (  roots = a few days1 b aft]  
%e becomes q dry ,i resume fe$+ z  be=e1
 except p]haps to less5 ! am\nt ( gra9  

until )9 a few  days ( calv+1 :5 ,i omit
 ! gra9 entirely until1 z ,i h be=e     
/at$1 ! dang] f milk fev]1 etc41 is pa/4
      ,,calv+4    ,"s p cont9ue to milk 
_! c[s until )9 a v %ort "t  ( calv+4   
,?is is v poor economy4 ,! milk at su*  
times is ?9  & insipid1 & unfit = food4 
,i h nev] f\nd any 8prep>atory          
treatm5t0 ( ! c[ prior to p>turition1   
su* z physic+1  etc41 to be necess>y2 b 
place h] on %ort rations = a few        
days--adm9i/]+1 z "o writ] t]ms x1      
8judici\s />vation40 ,!  fe$ ( roots is 
cont9u$1 z !y ex]t a laxative effect on 
! b[els  & tissues1 !reby obviat+ !     
necessity ( giv+ a huge dose (  ,epsom  
,salts4 ,9 an exp]i5ce ( fifte5 ye>s1 by
 foll[+ ?is plan  ( re/rict+ ! diet1 ,i 
h n _h a case ( milk fev]1 apoplexy1  or
 ret5tion ( plac5ta1 & b "o case :i*    
call$ = assi/ance1  & ?is 0 due :olly to
 an accid5t4 ,:5 a s+le c[ is kept1 %e  
is1 ( c\rse1 exempt f ! ill consequ5ces 
:i* s (t5 result  f cr[d+ & fight+ ) o!r
 c[s1 &1 if k9dly treat$ &  provid$ )   

com=table accommodations = fe$+ & %elt]1
 %e  w seldom h any tr\ble4 ,b cases :]e
 assi/ance is indisp5sable  d sometimes 
occur1 ev5 "u ! be/ managem5t1 ! mo/    
frequ5t  ( :i* is ! ret5tion ( ! plac5ta
 or aft]-bir?4 ,if1 at !  end (         
tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ! c[ has n 8clean$10 x  
is !n "t  to und]take ! removal ( !     
plac5ta4 ,?is c be accompli%$ by        
c>efully introduc+ ! "r arm ( a man hav+
 a small h&1 :i*  %\ld previ\sly be well
 greas$1 into ! cavity ( ! ut]us1 :5  ! 
connect+ atta*m5ts w readily be f\nd &  
may be sep>at$1  aft] :i* ! :ole may be 
br\ght away4 ,^! atta*m5ts are (t5  q   
num]\s1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 t all are    
deta*$1 & t  ! :ole ( ! aft]-bir? is    
remov$1 z s]i\s results sometimes  occur
 :5 a portion ( x is reta9$4    ,if1 f  
any cause1 ! ftus has got into an       
unnatural position1  or %[s any o!r     
pres5tation ?an t ( ! two =e feet &     
muzzle1 natural labor may be r5d]$      
impossible1 & assi/ance w  be requir$ 9 
ord] to set matt]s "r4 ,!re are sev]al  

abnormal  positions 9 :i* ! calf may be 
pres5t$1 :ile !re are b two  positions 9
 :i* deliv]y is practicable4 ,9 !       
natural position !  two =e feet & nose  
are ! p>ts :i* make _! fir/ appe>ance4  
,:5 ?is is ! case we may g5]ally        
conclude t our s]vices  w n be requir$4 
,if1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is any alt]ation  
( ?is position1 ei!r by ! abs5ce ( !    
head or ( "o or bo?  feet1 or if1 :5    
labor pa9s h cont9u$ = "s "t1 !re is  no
 pres5tation at all1 x w be necess>y to 
inve/igate ! cause4  ,! own]'s duty1 9  
cases ( ?is nature1 w be to re/ore x1 by
  judici\s manipulation1 to its normal  
position1 or to su* a position z  w r5d]
 deliv]y practicable4 ,if1 f ! nature ( 
! case1 !  =e legs & nose ( ! ftus _c be
 br\ght into su* a position1  we mu/    
endeavor to br+ up ! h9d legs & deliv] x
 9 t  position4 ,x frequ5tly occurs 9   
?is position1 z well z sometimes 9  !   
natural "o1 t traction w h to be appli$4
 ,9 su* cases  x %\ld be appli$         
simultane\sly ) ! ?roes ( ! c[4 ,9 r>e  

cases x becomes necess>y to amputate    
portions ( ! ftus & br+  !m away        
sep>ately1 :i* op]ation %\ld be left to 
! vet]9>y  surgeon4 ,9 fact1 :5ev]      
assi/ance is requir$1 x is bett] to     
employ ! s]vices ( a compet5t surgeon1  
if su* c be obta9$4 ,b  :]e pr(essional 
assi/ance _c be obta9$1 x is mu* bett]  
to  use "o's own judgm5t ?an to dep5d on
 ! village c[ doctor1 :o is  usually "o 
( ! mo/ ignorant p]sons 9 ! community4  
,happily1 cases  requir+ any assi/ance1 
:]e a s+le c[ is kept1 are r>e4    ,=   
,mamitis or g>get ,i h giv5 successfully
 ! foll[+ p[d]  twice daily3 ,pulv]iz$  
,digitalis1 "o drahm2 ,nitre1 "o ounce2 
,cream (  ,t>t>1 "o-half ounce2 mix &   
give 9 ! fe$4 ,if ! bag is cak$ &  h>d1 
let ! calf run ) ! c[ = a few days4     
,i d n consid] x pr(itable to raise !   
calf1 !re=e ,i dispose (  x z soon z    
possible4 ,!re are always pl5ty ( f>m]s 
or f>m]s'  boys :o are glad to buy a    
good calf to raise1 & w will+ly pay "o  
or two doll>s = ! same1 & take x "r     

away4 ,i pref] to raise  & fatt5 a pig  
in/ead4      ,,accid5ts ,,& ,,failures4 
,x is no m ?an fair = me to say conc]n+ 
my plan ( fe$+1  t ,i h occasionally be5
 oblig$ to modify "s ( ! details1 on    
acc\nt ( unfavorable circum/ances4 ,=   
in/ance1 ,i h be5 =c$ to  cut grass f ! 
highway 9 front ( my h\se1 to supply a  
defici5cy  9 "s crop1 caus$ by          
unfavorable wea!r1 or "s accid5t or o!r4
  ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahgh1 my clov] fail$ to  
cat*1 leav+ me to make  up = ! loss ( t 
crop z well z ,i c\ld4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly mo/ 
un=tunate1 inasmu* z x s]i\sly int]f]$ )
 ! :ole sy/em  ( rotation4 ,to c>ry out 
! plan ( soil+ successfully requires    
consid]able "t & labor4 ,& on ! :ole1   
unless "o has pl5ty (  ! =m] at 8       
disposal1 & a good :olesome incl9ation =
 !  latt]1 he c\ld d full z well to     
adopt ! old "t practice ( hav+  8 c[    
pa/ur$ by ! week1 9 :i* case no o!r     
labor ?an milk+  w\ld be requir$1 :ile1 
if %e 7 all[$ a fe$ ( meal or bran at  !
 "t ( milk+1 night & morn+1 v           

satisfactory results w\ld  be obta9$4   
,,"o ,,ye>',s ,,results4    ,to %[ :at  
,i h accompli%$ by x1 ,i w give an      
acc\nt ( !  products ( my c[ 8,polly10 =
 ! ye> end+ ,april fir/1 #ahhj1  toge!r 
) a /atem5t ( ! actual exp5ses ( h]     
keep+4  ,besides :at 0 us$ 9 a family ( 
f\r1 ,i h sold "o hundr$ &  sixty-n9e   
p\nds ( butt]1 at an av]age ( tw5ty c5ts
 p] p\nd1  :i* am\nts to ?irty-?ree     
doll>s & eighty c5ts2 eight hundr$ &    
tw5ty-eight qu>ts ( milk1 at six c5ts p]
 qu>t1 =ty-n9e doll>s  & sixty-eight    
c5ts2 eighte5 qu>ts ( butt]-milk1 at    
?ree c5ts  p] qu>t1 fifty-f\r c5ts2     
elev5 qu>ts ( s\r milk1 at two c5ts1    
tw5ty-two c5ts2 "o calf1 f\r days old1  
"o doll> & sev5ty-five  c5ts2 total1    
eighty-five doll>s & n9ety-n9e c5ts4 ,to
 ?is ,i may  add "o hundr$ & tw5ty p\nds
 ( butt] consum$ at home1 tw5ty-f\r     
doll>s1 & ab\t two hundr$ & ?irty qu>ts 
( milk1 wor? ?irte5  doll>s & eighty    
c5ts2 mak+ 9 all1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree
  doll>s & sev5ty-n9e c5ts4 ,! co/ ( fe$

 0 z foll[s3 ,"o  ?\s& p\nds bran1 n9e  
doll>s & sixty c5ts2 "o ?\s& p\nds  corn
 meal1 elev5 doll>s & fifty c5ts2 sev5  
hundr$ & fifty p\nds  ( oatmeal1 n9e    
doll>s & eighty five c5ts2 ?ree ?\s&    
p\nds  clov] hay1 ?irte5 doll>s & fifty 
c5ts2 two hundr$ p\nds rye  /raw1 "o    
doll> & fifty c5ts2 muck1 two doll>s2   
total1 =ty-sev5  doll>s & n9ety-five    
c5ts2 leav+ a balance ( sev5ty-five     
doll>s  & eighty-f\r c5ts4 ,z ,i keep a 
horse1 ,i h ! necess>y tools =          
cultivat+ ! l& myself1 ,i h n add$ ! co/
 ( cultivation z  an item 9 ! exp5se    
column1 & p]haps x may be said t ,i %\ld
  also h add$ int]e/ on l& & build+s4 ,z
 an (fset to ^!1  ,i w\ld call att5tion 
to ! valuable pile ( manure1 & fur!rmore
  ,i h made no acc\nt ( a l>ge am\nt (  
skim-milk1 on :i* ,i  rais$ a pig4 ,?is 
pig 0 f$ no?+ b s\r milk1 & a v few     
small potatoes1 until ab\t f\r weeks    
prior to but*]+1 :5 he 0  8f9i%$ (f0 on 
corn meal4 ,he weigh$1 aft] be+ dress$1 
,decemb]  tw5ty-eigh?1 two hundr$ &     

sev5ty-eight p\nds4 ,! pr(its f  ?is c[ 
w\ld und\bt$ly h be5 l>g] _h ,i sold all
 ! milk1  in/ead ( mak+ butt] out ( a "p
 ( x1 b ,i did n make m]e  pr(it my sole
 object 9 ! matt]4 ,i wi%$ to supply my 
family )  ^? necess>y luxuries :i*1 ,i  
believe1 are r5d]$ ev5 sweet] by  !     
consci\sness ( _! be+ ! products ( our  
own labor4 ,!  pleasure :i* ,i h tak5 9 
c>+ = my pet c[1 & 9 provid+  = h]      
wants1 & ! pride ,i feel 9 exhibit+ bo? 
my c[ & !  delici\s ri* milk & yell[    
butt]1 ) :i* %e s b\ntifully  supplies  
u1 amply repays me = my "p ( ! labor4 ,i
 h made no  acc\nt ( us+ conc5trat$     
food1 su* z oil-cake & cotton-se$  meal1
 = ! reason t ,i h _h v little exp]i5ce 
9 ! use  ( !m4 ,:5ev] an animal has     
become ?9 & poor1 ^! articles (  food   
may be us$ to advantage to increase !   
fle% & br+ ! animal  into good          
condition4 ,b ,i nev] let my c[ get     
poor1 & ,i f9d t  good hay1 ) corn1     
oats1 & bran1 answ]s e purpose1 & is    
fully  adequate to all h] requirem5ts4  

,my sy/em ( rotation is z foll[s3  ,!   
"o-eigh? acre ( clov] sod ( ! prec$+ ye>
 is well manur$  ei!r dur+ ! w9t] or 9 !
 spr+1 & well fitt$ up & s[n to  beets  
or mangels4 ,?is crop occupies ! l& dur+
 ! :ole season4  ,! same plot is aga9   
pl[$ ! next spr+ = s[$ corn4 ,aft] ?is  
crop is (f x is aga9 manur$ & s[n to    
rye1 & ! foll[+ spr+  is aga9 se$$ to   
clov]4 ,x is kept 9 clov] "o ye>1 yield+
 two  crops dur+ ! season1 aft] :i* x is
 treat$ z be=e4 ,ea* (  ! f\r plots     
und]goes ! same treatm5t2 ?us a complete
 rotation is  e/abli%$4    ,illu/ration 
,,keep+ ,a ,,c[ ,,on ,,cape ,,cod4      
,,by ,m4 ,t4 ,t4 ,,nick]son1 ,,s\?      
,,d5nis1 ,,mass4      ,we live 9 a      
section ( c\ntry :]e nature has n be5   
lavi% )  h] gifts4 ,our soil is s&y &   
only produces pay+ crops by high        
cultivation4 ,f>m+ ) u comes ne> to be+ 
"o ( ! lo/ arts4  ,we are n till]s ( !  
soil4 ,liv+1 z we d1 )9 s\nd ( !        
,atlantic surf1 z x beats its ev]la/+   
measure ^u our coa/1 we1  f associations

 ( bir? & e>ly tra9+1 pl[ ! ,ocean = a  
liv+1 ! furr[s frequ5tly /ret*+ f pole  
to pole1 or to !  opposite side ( !     
globe4 ,few1 v few1 keep c[s4 ,a l>ge   
proportion  ( our p d n keep any1 & x is
 n common to f9d _m t  h m ?an "o4      
,we keep a good grade ,j]sey1 & w give  
our way ( keep+ "o c[1  hav+ le>n$ long 
ago1 t /ock ( any k9d paid = good c>e4  
,keep+ a lot ( cattle or hogs1 or       
p\ltry1 & simply fe$+ :at  we happ5 to  
h1 or :at we c buy *eap1 leav+ !m to    
%ift =  !mselves 9 cold & /ormy wea!r1  
or giv+ !m wet uncom=table  /ables1     
always results 9 disease to ! /ock &    
loss to ! own]4    ,we s[ z e>ly 9 !    
spr+ z ! gr\nd is 9 condition to "w1    
=ty rods ) a mixture ( oats & peas1 &   
=ty rods 9 spr+  rye4 ,we comm5ce cutt+ 
our oats & peas z soon z ! peas beg9 to 
bloom4 ,:]e we h a good /&1 a rod p]    
day1 divid$ 9 ?ree fe$s1  morn+1 noon1 &
 night1 is g5]ally en\gh4 ,z soon z we h
 cut  ab\t t5 rods we pl[ "u ! /ubble1 &
 plant ,e>ly ,m9nesota ,sweet           

,corn--r[s two & "o half feet           
ap>t--hills two feet 9 ! r[s1 leav+  two
 & ?ree /alks 9 a hill4 ,! next t5 rods 
we s]ve 9 ! same  mann]4 ,if our rye is 
n[ gr[n en\gh to cut ) pr(it we comm5ce 
fe$+ x1 & cut ! balance ( our oats &    
peas1 & cure !m =  w9t]4    ,if our rye 
is n fit to cut = soil+1 we cont9ue to  
use our oats &  peas until x is1 & !n   
cure = w9t] :at is left4 ,z soon z !    
la/ ( our oats are (f1 we plant ab\t f\r
 rods ) beets 7mangel  wurzel74 ,we     
pref] ! ,globe v>ieties1 z ! yield is   
bett] on our  soil4 ,! balance ( our    
oat-&-pea gr\nd we s[ ) ,hung>ian grass4
    ,z soon z we h cut t5 rods ( our    
rye1 we manage z ) our oats1  turn "u ! 
/ubble & aga9 plant sweet corn4 ,! e>li]
 !  v>iety ! bett]4 ,we pref] ! ,e>ly   
,m9nesota4 ,z soon z we h  cle>$ (f !   
next t5 rods ( our rye1 we plant f two  
to f\r rods  ) turnips4 ,! balance we s[
 ) a mixture ( ,hung>ian & !  e>lie/    
8,canada ,gray0 pea4 ,we n[ fe$ our rye 
until our fir/ plant+  ( corn &         

,hung>ian w d to fe$1 :5 we turn "u !   
re/ ( !  rye /ubble 7cur+ :at is left ( 
! rye = w9t]71 s[ half )  ,hung>ian & ! 
balance we s[ 7n plant7 ) sweet corn4 ,z
 soon z  our fir/ plant+ ( corn is cut  
up1 we s[ two or ?ree r[s broadca/  )   
flat turnips1 "s ( ! /rap-leav$         
v>ieties1 hoe+ or rak+  !m 9 by h&4 ,we 
cont9ue to plant or s[ "s quick-gr[+    
v>iety  ( corn1 peas1 grass1 gra91 or   
roots1 ev5 :5 x is v d\btful if  we %all
 receive any return = our "t & "w2 b we 
frequ5tly get  a fair yield f our ?ird  
plant+4 ,i presume a great _m w be      
sceptical 9 reg>d to ?is 8?ird crop     
bus9ess40 ,x mu/ be rememb]$  t our fir/
 s[+ is made v e>ly 9 ! spr+1 & t we d  
n wait until any ( our =age crops       
mature1 b we cut !m long  be=e !y w\ld  
be ripe1 !reby %ort5+ ! "t ( _! gr[?  & 
leav+ ! gr\nd to be plant$ ) some?+     
else4    ,! above is no iron rule1 b    
subject to great v>iations4 ,our plan is
  to s[ z e>ly z possible 9 ! spr+ ) !  
e>lie/ matur+  grass or gra9 we c get1 &

 f ! "t we comm5ce cutt+ until  !re is  
no possibility ( gett+ any return4 ,we  
s[ & plant :]ev]  we h a few rods ( b>e 
gr\nd1 z soon z any ( our crops are     
matur+ or !re is some?+ com+ =w>d to    
take its place4 ,we cut  & cure :at is  
left = w9t]4 ,we advise close se$+ 9 all
 cases1  roots1 ( c\rse1 except$4       
,,c[ ,,kept ,,on ,,half ,,an ,,acre4    
,if ! season is favorable1 we manage to 
keep our "o c[ nicely on half  an acre1 
or r on ! fodd] gr[n on half an acre4 ,b
 sometimes1 on  acc\nt ( dr\? or late   
fro/1 we are oblig$ to buy a little hay 
9  ! spr+4    ,x is impossible = u to   
say h[ mu* fe$ mu/ be b\ght4 ,we g5]ally
  h a bag ( corn 7two bu%els71 & a bag (
 oats 7two & a half  bu%els71 gr\nd     
toge!r1 fe$+ f two to f\r qu>ts a day1  
accord+ to ! am\nt ( roots us$1 & !     
season ( ! ye>1  fe$+ meal v sp>+ly 9   
summ]4 ,we frequ5tly res]ve two or ?ree 
rods 9 ! spr+ = e>ly turnips1 to be f$  
:5 l>ge en\gh =  pr(it1 b always fe$    
turnips imm$iately aft] milk+ to prev5t 

flavor+ ! milk4 ,we g5]ally h a few     
cabbage plants />t$ to  set :]e ! corn  
misses1 or ! beets or turnips fail to   
come up1 or  9 any corn] or by-place :]e
 !re is room = a cabbage to gr[4        
,sometimes we res]ve a few rods =       
cabbages late 9 ! season1 z we  f9d !m  
excell5t = a *ange ( fe$ ei!r w9t] or   
summ]4 ,we  advise1 9 all cases1 ! use (
 ! e>lie/ v>ieties ( grass1 gra91  or   
vegetables1 z we _c af=d ! "t & gr\nd   
occupi$ by "s  ( ! l>g] & tall] gr[+    
v>ieties1 be+ conv9c$1 f actual         
exp]i5ce1 t two & ?ree crops ( e>ly     
v>ieties1 al?\gh small1  are m pr(itable
 ?an "o crop ( ! l>g] late v>ieties4    
,,! ,,/able ,,& ,,! ,,manure ,,cell>    
,! /able = our c[ is a %$ n9e by sixte51
 built on ! s\? side  ( our c>riage &   
wagon h\se4 ,"o-half ( ! %$ is p>tition$
 (f  & enclos$ = w9t] use or /ormy      
wea!r2 ! o!r half ( !  %$ is op5 on !   
s\? side1 & our y>d is ab\t sixte5 by   
?irty1  includ+ ! %$4 ,we ?9k x w\ld be 
bett] to h x l>g]1 b we  get along ) x  

nicely4 ,we f9d ! be/ way to dispose (  
h] manure  is to h a small cell>        
und]nea? ! /able1 ) cem5t$ bottom &     
sides1 s z to be wat] tight1 ! /able to 
h a tight floor ) a  gutt] beh9d ! c[ to
 receive ! dropp+s & ur9e1 ) a scuttle  
or trap door 9 ! gutt] to let x all g   
into ! cell>4 ,= b$d+1  we use =e/      
leaves1 & use !m lib]ally4 ,:]e =e/     
leaves _c  be obta9$1 any refuse hay or 
/raw w answ]1 b ! c[ z well z  ! horse  
%\ld h pl5ty ( good dry b$d+4 ,to mix ) 
! ur9e  & dropp+s ( ! c[1 we put into ! 
cell>1 sea-we$1 muck1 turf1  slops f !  
h\se1 & soap suds1 or any?+ we ?9k w    
make good  compo/4 ,we ga!r up ! dropp+s
 f ! y>d & ?r[ !m into  ! cell>4 ,we    
keep our y>d well laid ) =e/ leaves4 ,if
 ^? are  n available1 we use ! next be/ 
?+ we c get4 ,9 ! fall1 :5  we c>t !    
manure out ( ! cell>1 we ga!r up :at has
 accumulat$  9 ! y>d & put x into !     
cell>4 ,9 ?is way we save all ( !       
manure1 & 9 excell5t condition4 ,n[1 to 
make x bett] & save !  labor ( pit*+ x  

ov]1 we keep a pig :]e he c h access to 
! cell>1 & if n dispos$ to "w1 we keep  
him on %ort fe$ &  scatt] corn 9 !      
cell>1 s t 9 ord] to get x1 he w h to   
root ! :ole mass ov] 9 good %ape4    ,we
 c>t our manure out 9 ! fall1 di/ribut+ 
x ov] our l& z  ev5ly z possible1 & pl[ 
x "u z deep z we c4 ,we d n s[  any?+ = 
next ye>'s use1 z we ?9k we get a bett] 
return f our  l& to s[ e>ly 9 ! spr+ &  
cont9ue x ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,x  is a mi/ak5
 idea1 or r a grave blund]1 to und]take 
to gr[ good  crops ( any?+ )\t ! lib]al 
use ( manures4 ,z soon z our l&  w d to 
"w 9 ! spr+1 we s[ our oats1 peas1 &    
rye1 giv+ a  top dress+ ( guano1        
sup]phosphates1 or bone meal1 :i* we    
repeat  ) ea* successive s[+1 also giv+ 
ea* hill ( corn & r[s (  beets & turnips
 a small quantity4 ,we alt]nate ! top   
dress+s1 t  is1 if we use sup]phosphate 
! fir/ s[+1 we use gr\nd bone or  guano 
! second1 & vice v]sa1 z we f9d !       
cont9u\s use ( any  "o k9d ( manure or  
f]tiliz] is z injuri\s z cont9u\s plant+

  ( corn or potatoes1 )\t rotat+ )      
some?+ else4      ,,b>rels ,,= ,,keep+  
,,roots4    ,we h a way ( our own =     
keep+ our roots 9 ! abs5ce ( a          
vegetable cell>1 or :5 we d n want !m 9 
! h\se cell>4 ,we  take any old b>rels &
 set !m 9 ! gr\nd1 ! *9] j com+  to !   
top ( ! gr\nd 7we d n want a head 9 ei!r
 end ( !  b>rels74 ,into ^! headless    
b>rels we put our beets1 turnips1       
cabbage1  etc4 ,z ! wea!r gr[s cold we  
cov] ! b>rels ) "s loose  bo>ds4 ,:5ev] 
x is cold en\gh to freeze h>d1 we ?r[   
ov] !m  en\gh hay or /raw to keep out ! 
wet4 ,by ?is me?od we c1 )  v little    
tr\ble at any "t1 get out a b>rel or "p 
( a b>rel (  roots4 ,9 ?is way ! roots  
keep 9 f9e condition4 ,late 9 ! spr+1   
turnips & beets w be z brittle & good z 
:5 pull$ 9 ! fall4  ,our subject is     
8keep+ "o c[10 b any "o t feels dispos$ 
to try  x1 w f9d ! above a v f9e way to 
keep turnips1 beets1 cabbage1  or cel]y1
 = family use4    ,we pref] to h our c[ 
calve ab\t ! fir/ ( ,april1 z we !n h   

"t to make veal ( ! calf be=e we beg9 to
 make grass butt]4 ,!re  is g5]ally1 9  
any place1 a bett] dem& = milk ?r\gh !  
w9t]1  & bett] prices1 h5ce if "o wi%es 
to sell milk & buy butt]1 x  w\ld p]haps
 be bett] to h h] calve 9 ! fall4    ,we
 h>dly feel compet5t to advise1 if help 
is ne$$ 9 calv+4 ,z h]  "t ( calv+ draws
 nigh1 we give our c[ extra c>e &       
att5tion4 ,if  ! b[els are kept 9 a     
heal?y condition1 we appreh5d !re is    
r>ely  tr\ble1 f ! fact t our c[s h     
always calv$ )\t ! ne$  ( help4    ,if  
!re is ready sale = milk at pay+ prices1
 we w\ld dispose ( !  calf 9 "s way1 :5 
x is a few days old1 b if milk is n     
salable  at good prices1 x is bett] to  
let ! calf h ! milk until f  f\r to six 
weeks old1 & !n if ! but*] w n give u a 
fair  price = x1 we get "s "o to dress x
 = u1 & sell x among our  neighbors1 :o 
are g5]ally glad to buy x4 ,9 t way we  
get f  eight to twelve doll>s = our     
calf4 ,we ?9k x z well = ! c[ to  keep !
 calf = t l5g? ( "t4 ,x seems to satisfy

 a necessity (  h] nature to h h] baby  
suck & draw its n\ri%m5t f h]4 ,we  "k (
 no bett] picture ( cont5tm5t ?an to see
 an old c[ suckl+  h] calf aft] be+ away
 f x all day4    ,we advise regul> h\rs 
( milk+ night & morn+1 & k9d1 g5tle     
treatm5t1 c>d+ 9 w9t]1 cleanl9ess &     
?or\gh v5tilation  ( /able at all times4
 ,9 summ]time1 if conf9$ 9 a y>d1 a ?9  
%eet to keep (f ! flies w be f\nd v     
com=table = ! c[1  & pr(itable to !     
own]4 ,i presume "s w ridicule ! idea ( 
blanket+ ! c[1 b :y n z well z ! horse8 
,aga91 if conf9$  9 a y>d1 %e %\ld h    
pl5ty ( clean pure wat]1 & pl5ty (      
%ade4 ,keep+ a c[1 ) u1 is n altoge!r a 
matt] ( fancy or  pleasure1 b (         
conv5i5ce1 economy1 com=t1 pr(it1 &     
heal?1 9  hav+ pure sweet milk & fre%   
butt]4    ,illu/ration                  
,,alfalfa ,,or ,,luc]n4    ,,by ,,sam',l
 ,c4 ,,hamm]1 ,,d[ney ,,city1 ,,cal4    
,i h liv$ 9 ,t5nessee1 9 ,texas1 & n[   
reside 9 ,cali=nia4 ,i h  be5 us+       
,alfalfa = "s eight or t5 ye>s1 & f my  

own p]sonal  c>e ( & att5tion to ?is    
article1 ,i ma9ta9 "o c obta9 m  milk ! 
ye> r\nd f x1 )\t *ange to o!r food1 ?an
 f any  "o ?+ gr[n4 ,besides1 ,alfalfa c
 be gr[n at less exp5se1 & is  att5d$ ) 
less labor1 :e!r f$ gre5 or cur$1 ?an   
any o!r fe$4    ,alfalfa c be gr[n 9    
,canada1 x is said4 ,if s1 !n any "o has
 !  *ance to try ?is wond]ful fri5d to !
 f>m]4 ,once s[n on deeply  cultivat$   
l&1 free ( we$s1 x is good = t5 ye>s1 or
 ev5 m1  ) u4 ,tw5ty p\nds is abundant  
se$ = an acre--"s ?9k too mu*2  b x %\ld
 be s[n ?ickly4 ,let x /& ?ick1 & x is  
f9] &  m t5d]4 ,:]e s[n sp>sely x       
becomes woody & co>se4 ,x c be  cut "h z
 e>ly z ,m>*1 :]e m[+ & n graz+ is adh]$
 to1  & x %\ld nev] be graz$ or 8/ak$0  
7f$ (f by te!r$ cattle74  ,f sev5 to n9e
 cutt+s c be obta9$ f x1 & f fifte5 to  
tw5ty tons ( cur$ hay a ye> made to !   
acre2 t is1 if on good  l& & if ! crop  
fully occupies ! gr\nd1 & is cut j z a  
few  scatt]+ blooms are obs]v$4 ,?is hay
 mu/ be cur$ z rapidly z  possible1 rak$

 9 w9dr[s & bun*$ ! second day1 r lett+ 
x  cure 9 bun*es ?an 9 any o!r mann]1 to
 prev5t leaves fall+ (f2  !n h\s+ or    
8%$d+0 x soon z possible1 spr9kl+ salt  
?r\gh  x z /ack$1 to prev5t m\ld4       
,alfalfa ne$s no top-dress+ ) f]tiliz]s 
& manure1 b simply  a sev]e cross-h>r[+ 
) a v %>p-too!d h>r[1 be>+ !  weight ( a
 man4 ,! m ! ,alfalfa is torn & split up
 ! bett] x  w gr[4 ,?is h>r[+ %\ld be   
done 9 spr+ be=e x comm5ces  its fir/   
gr[?4 ,aft] gr[+ a few ye>s1 ! /ools    
project1 9  _m places1 above ! surface (
 ! gr\nd4 ,if an implem5t c\ld be       
devis$ = ! purpose ( cutt+ (f all ^! old
 /alks j bel[  ! surface1 !n se$        
lightly1 giv+ a good h>r[+1 ! plants    
w\ld  be r5ew$1 & w\ld ?ick5 up rapidly1
 = :]ev] a /alk or root is  cut (f1     
doz5s ( new %oots spr+ up 9 its place4  
,h[ev]1 ,i advocate a *ange ( diet =    
brutes z well z mank9d1 &  !re=e take = 
! family c[ a half acre ( mo/ excell5t  
gr\nd4  ,i w suppose t "o half ( x--t is
 a qu>t] acre--is well set  9 ,alfalfa4 

,! re/ ,i w\ld h pl[$ twice1 v deep1    
smoo!d &  laid (f 9 drills = c>rots1    
:i*1 at ! prop] season 7) u 9  ,febru>y 
or ,m>*71 ,i w\ld enri* 9 ! furr[s ) any
 well-rott$  manure4 ,= ,alfalfa almo/  
any good soil suits1 = ,i f9d x adapts  
itself to v>i\s soils & endures a great 
deal ( r\gh treatm5t1 b  9 ord] to get !
 be/ results x %\ld be well treat$4 ,i  
pref] a  mod]ately s&y soil1 :i* is     
naturally moi/4 ,on dry1 mell[ gr\nd1  x
 w s5d d[n a tap-root t5 feet4 ,i h     
drawn roots out ( v  s&y soil :5 digg+  
po/ holes t w\ld measure six feet4 ,!y  
seek  moi/ure dur+ dry wea!r1 & al?\gh  
,i h _h ,alfalfa die d[n1  ! gr\nd be+  
p>*$ & crack$1 yet :5 ! fall or w9t]    
ra9s  beg91 x spr+s up 9 a few days4    
,z soon z ! ,alfalfa comes 91 fe$ x     
alone1 salt+ z suits "o's  own idea4 ,:5
 ! fir/ scatt]+ blooms appe> ,i w\ld cut
 !  rema9d]--namely1 t :i* _h n be5 cut 
ea* day = ! c[4  ,i w\ld !n cure x z    
rapidly z possible1 & put x "u cov]1    
spr9kl+ salt ov] x4 ,i n[ advocate &    

practice fe$+ ! cur$  hay 9 pref]5ce to 
! gre54 ,by ! latt] y obta9 a great] fl[
  ( milk1 b ) ! =m] ,i consid] ! milk   
ri*]1 & ?is is !  exp]i5ce ( dairym5 )  
:om ,i h conv]s$4    ,a c[ le>ns to eat 
! cur$ fodd] almo/ z readily z ! gre51  
& all dang] ( bloat is obviat$4 ,"s may 
?9k because ,i am 9  ,cali=nia t        
irrigation makes "s diff]5ce1 b my      
,alfalfa gr[s  )\t x4 ,i cut m9e six    
times la/ summ]1 #ahgi1 & x 0 an        
exceptionally dry & hot season4 ,our    
ra9s fall mo/ly 9 w9t]1 &  t has to d u 
until ! next w9t]4    ,n[1 z to ! c[1 ,i
 w\ld place h] 9 a corral or lot1 we'll 
say1 (  "o-f\r? to half an acre 9 size1 
giv+ h] a com=table h\se or  %$ = w9t]1 
9 :i* ,i ?9k %e %\ld be fa/5$ by a clos$
 door  9 cold ra9y wea!r4 ,at o!r times 
%e %\ld be all[$ ! run (  ! lot1 hav+   
access to good fre% wat] at lea/ twice a
 day4 ,%ade  trees = summ]'s hot sun are
 indisp5sable4 ,9 ?is lot or corral y  h
 all ! manure :]e x c be ga!r$ up daily 
or weekly1 &  compo/$ or h\s$1 ready to 

be spread on ! gr\nd = future crops4    
,"s w\ld say a c[ %\ld be curri$ e      
morn+4 ,!y c]ta9ly d  enjoy x1 b _m     
,cali=nia f>m]s nev] saw su* a ?+ done4 
,i  ?9k x %\ld be done j be=e ! animals 
beg9 to %$ _! old  coats2 aft]w>ds ,i   
see little use ( x4          ,,p]man5t  
,,grass ,,z ,,soil+ ,,crop4    ,,by ,p4 
,s4 ,,norris1 ,,angelica1 ,n4 ,y4       
,! keep+ ( "o c[ seems to be g5]ally    
reg>d$ z a matt] ( s  little importance1
 & "o s simple 9 its nature1 t ev5      
p]sons (  l[ intellig5ce c sc>cely fail 
( success4 ,b to keep a c[ 9 su*  a     
mann] z to receive ! greate/ return = ! 
lea/ possible exp5se  9 labor & money1  
requires ! mo/ c>eful /udy ( ! nature & 
habits1 endurance1 ne$s1 & ! productive 
capabilities ( ! animal1  & involves    
sci5tific pr9ciples :i* are deep] &     
broad] ?an  ^? g5]ally appli$ to ! keep+
 ( /ock ( any k9d4    ,if ! av]age      
quantity ( milk be t5 qu>ts p] day dur+ 
! ye>1  & ! exp5se tw5ty c5ts p] day1 ! 
milk w co/ two c5ts p]  qu>t1 & if !    

milk is wor? ?ree c5ts p] qu>t1 !re is a
 net  pr(it ( fifty p] c5t ^u ! co/ (   
keep+1 or t5 c5ts p] day4  ,b if !      
quantity ( milk be eight qu>ts p] day1 &
 ! exp5se  twelve c5ts1 ! milk w co/    
only "o & a half c5ts p] qu>t1 or       
twelve c5ts p] day4 ,!n ?ree c5ts p]    
qu>t = ! milk w leave  an actual pr(it (
 "o hundr$ p] c5t ^u ! co/ ( keep+1 or  
twelve c5ts p] day4    ,"o acre1 & ev5  
some?+ less1 put 9 good condition1 well 
f]tiliz$  & prop]ly se$$1 w be ample = a
 pa/ure1 & w furni%  pl5ty ( nutriti\s  
fe$1 ^u :i*1 ) prop] c>e1 ! c[ w  yield 
an abundant fl[ ( ri* & delici\s milk2  
:ile "o-?ird (  an acre ( simil> soil w 
produce suffici5t hay = ! w9t]4 ,!      
pa/ure %\ld be divid$ into two p>ts1 !  
c[ to be kept a few days  9 ea*         
alt]nately1 ) pl5ty ( pure wat] & %ade4 
,:]e l& is  high1 z x always is 9 t[ns &
 villages ( any size1 ! practice (      
8soil+10 z x is usually t]m$1 is ! mo/  
pr(itable way to keep a  c[4 ,= ?is     
purpose1 a small y>d1 "s tw5ty to ?irty 

feet squ>e1  p]haps1 or ( su* size z c  
be af=d$1 may be provid$1 conta9+  an   
op5 %$--! m op5 ! bett] = ! summ]--only 
s t x w  %elt] ! animal f ! heat ( ! sun
 & ! /orms4 ,! y>d &  %$ %\ld be kept z 
clean & dry z possible1 or ! c[ w become
  ill4 ,pl5ty ( pure wat] is            
indisp5sable at all times4 ,a com=table 
place = ! c[ to lie d[n is v important4 
,sawdu/1 =e/ leaves1  old /raw1 or o!r  
conv5i5t & *eap litt] w answ] = b$d+2   
or1 if ! gr\nd be smoo?1 clean & dry1 t 
may be suffici5t4 ,!  manure is to be   
c>efully collect$ & plac$ "u ano!r %$1  
or  o!r conv5i5t place "u %elt] provid$ 
= ! purpose1 &1 to  prev5t bad odors1 ! 
heap %\ld receive1 once 9 two or ?ree   
days1  a light cov]+ ( muck1 leaves1    
sods1 we$s dug up 9 ! g>d5 or  else:]e1 
or f9e e>?--almo/ any?+ t w rot--& ?us n
 only  prev5t ! unpleasantness &        
unheal?fulness ( su* odors1 & !  loss t 
w\ld result f _! escape1 b add l>gely to
 ! size  & value ( ! manure heap4 ,n[1 h
 ab\t two-?irds ( an acre (  l&1 highly 

manur$1 &1 ) ! exception ( ab\t f\rte5  
squ>e  rods1 well se$$ ) a v>iety (     
nutriti\s grasses4 ,?is quantity  ( l&1 
if prop]ly enri*$ & cultivat$1 w keep a 
c[ ! ye>  r\nd1 & keep h] well1 )\t     
pur*as+ any fe$4 ,a good rack or  o!r   
arrangem5t 9 ! %ade is necess>y1 9 :i*  
to fe$1 s t  no?+ %all be wa/$4 ,!n1 q  
e>ly 9 ! season1 ! grass ^u  ?is ri*    
soil w be l>ge en\gh to be cut & f$ to !
 c[4 ,:ile  ! gr\nd is suffici5tly moi/1
 9 ! =e "p ( ! season1 !  grass w gr[ v 
rapidly1 &1 :5 ! soil becomes a little  
too  dry1 ab\t half a bu%el ( pla/]1 or 
twice z mu* lime1 or two or  ?ree bu%els
 ( wood a%es1 scatt]$ ^u x1 w usually   
r5ew !  vigor & fre%ness ( ! crop1 :i*  
may be repeat$ ) b5efit two  or ?ree    
times be=e ! end ( ! gr[+ season4 ,ano!r
 excell5t  f]tiliz]1 :i* may be appli$  
dur+ ! summ]1 is ! wa/e wat]  f ! h\se1 
su* z soap suds1 di% wat]1 & any o!r    
slops t  are to be ?r[n away4 ,^! %\ld  
all be sav$ & scatt]$ ^u !  grass f     
pails1 if no bett] me?od is ord9>ily    

practicable1 & x  w pay a p]son _m times
 ov] = ! tr\ble4 ,a light top-dress+  ( 
manure f ! c[-y>d or %$ w be necess>y e 
ye>1 or  e second ye> c]ta9ly1 appli$ 9 
! fall1 or e>ly 9 ! spr+4    ,z soon z !
 grass has fairly got into blossom1 x   
%\ld be  imm$iately cut & well-cur$ =   
w9t] use1 unless x may be necess>y  to  
save a small quantity to fe$ until t    
portion :i* 0 fir/ cut  = ! c[ %all be  
ready to cut aga94 ,grass %\ld nev] be  
all[$  to /& until ! se$ has =m$1 z j   
previ\s to t "t x is  m nutriti\s ?an at
 any o!r p]iod4 ,hay cut ?us e>ly w make
  mu* m & bett] milk1 & keep a c[ 9     
bett] condition ?an t  :i* is cut lat]4 
,a portion ( ! grass c be m[n a second  
"t =  hay1 & /ill leave en\gh = gre5 fe$
 until fodd]+ "t4 ,!  exact proportion (
 ! crop to be made into hay mu/1 (      
c\rse1 dep5d  ^u circum/ances4 ,all t is
 n ne$$ = summ] use %\ld be cur$  =     
w9t]1 & ! quantity w1 g5]ally1 be       
suffici5t1 if1 inde$1  !re is n an      
ov]plus1 z w q likely occur 9 _m cases4 

,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4--,,%or?orn ,,c[
 8,,cold ,,cream40      ,,be/ ,,k9ds ,,(
 ,,grasses4    ,x is important to "k :at
 k9ds ( grasses are be/ adapt$ to !     
production ( milk & butt]1 = bo? summ] &
 w9t] fe$+2 &  ^u ?is dep5ds1 9 a great 
measure1 ! pr(its to be realiz$4 ,!     
practice ( se$+ ) a s+le k9d ( grass1 or
 ev5 ) a mixture  ( clov] & timo?y1 is n
 a good "o4 ,f\r ( ! mo/ nutriti\s  &   
productive k9ds ( grass1 includ+ timo?y1
 :ite clov]1 &  su* o!r v>ieties z are  
well adapt$ to ! p>ticul> nature &      
condition ( ! soil1 are none too _m to  
be s[n toge!r1 = pa/ure  or mead[4 ,five
 qu>ts ( timo?y1 ?ree ( :ite clov]1 six 
( or*>d  grass1 & ?ree ( r$-top 7if !   
gr\nd is q moi/71 or o!r  grass suit$ to
 ! soil1 are ab\t ! prop] quantities &  
proportions  = g5]al use1 on an acre (  
l&4 ,su* a mixture1 ^u a ri* soil1  w   
produce fully twice z mu* fe$ z any "o  
k9d ^u ! same soil4  ,:ite clov]        
produces a great] quantity & bett]      
quality ( milk &  butt] ?an any ( ! o!r 

v>ieties ( grass1 & ! quantity ( fe$    
produc$ by su* a mixture1 w a/oni% any  
p]son n acqua9t$ )  ! facts4 ,besides   
produc+ mu* m abundantly1 !y furni%     
some?+  ( a v>iety ( fe$1 :i* is greatly
 b5eficial 9 ! manufacture (  bo? milk &
 fle%4 ,we$s injure ! flavor ( milk &   
butt]1 &  %\ld nev] be 9 ! food = c[s4  
,an acre ( ri* soil1 well se$$  ) a good
 selection & v>iety ( p]5nial grasses1 w
 produce six  tons ( well-cur$ hay 9 "o 
season2 by m[+ twice1 &1 by e>ly  cutt+1
 ?is c be done )\t difficulty4 ,9 my own
 exp]i5ce1 !  fir/ m[+ has giv5 at !    
rate ( full f\r tons p] acre1 & !       
second1 some:at injur$ by dr\?1 two     
tons4 ,"s writ]s recomm5d  ! s[+ ( "o or
 m ( ! rank gr[+ annuals1 z be+ m       
productive2 b a c>eful consid]ation ( ! 
subject1 accompani$ by  exp]im5ts1      
discloses ! fact t ! extra exp5se (     
prep>+ !  gr\nd & se$+ annually1        
ov]balances any increas$ quantity ( fe$ 
produc$1 especially :5 ! co>s] & less   
nutriti\s nature ( !  fe$ is tak5 into !

 acc\nt4 ,!re is no?+ suit$ to ?is      
climate  & latitude1 t w answ] a bett]  
purpose z food = /ock1 ?an  su* p]5nials
 z timo?y1 r$-top1 or*>d-grass1         
blue-grass1 !  clov]s1 etc41 :5 s[n ^u a
 ri* soil1 ?ick en\gh to completely     
cov] ! gr\nd & to insure f9e1 s(t hay1  
:5 cut at ! prop]  "t & well cur$4 ,i h 
omitt$ r$ clov] 9 ! mixture ( grasses1  
because soils adapt$ to t v>iety w      
produce :ite clov] equally  z well1 & 9 
ab\t ! same quantity1 :ile ! :ite gives 
a mu*  bett] flavor to milk & butt]1 &  
an increas$ quantity4 ,blue-grass1  ei!r
 gre5 or cur$1 is excell5t fe$ = cattle1
 b is unpr(itable  on acc\nt ( ! small  
product1 & t com+ only 9 ! =e "p  ( !   
season1 fall+1 z x does1 j at ! "t :5   
fre% fe$ is  mo/ ne$$4 ,r$ & :ite clov] 
may be advantage\sly mix$ ) !  true     
grasses1 9 _m localities :]e ! soil is  
suitable1 ?\gh !  clov]s are likely to  
8run out0 9 a c\ple ( ye>s1 & leave _!  
places to be fill$ ) inf]ior fodd]      
plants4      ,,milk+ ,,?ree ,,times ,a  

,,day4    ,dur+ ! heat ( summ]1 ! c[    
%\ld be milk$ ?ree times a day1  at     
regul> int]vals--ab\t five o'clock 9 !  
morn+1 "o 9 !  aft]noon1 & at n9e 9 !   
ev5+4 ,! quantity ( milk & butt]  is    
consid]ably increas$1 & ! quality       
improv$1 by ?is practice4  ,! milk is   
injur$ by rema9+ 9 ! udd] ?r\gh ! heat (
 !  day1 & ! c[ is made uncom=table1    
:i*1 ( necessity1 dim9i%es  h]          
usefulness4 ,:5 c[s are milk$ b twice a 
day 9 hot wea!r1 !  udd] becomes too mu*
 heat$ & fev]i%1 & ! milk is 9 a simil> 
condition--! cream seems to be melt$1 ! 
milk soon becomes s\r1  ! cream does n  
rise well1 & ! butt] is s(t & oily4 ,^! 
difficulties1 almo/ univ]sally att5d+   
butt]-mak+ at ?is "t (  ! ye>1 are mo/ly
 ov]come by ! practice ( milk+ ?ree     
times a  day1 & ! c[ be+ ne> at h&1 x is
 a small matt]4    ,! l5g? ( "t a c[    
%\ld be milk$1 w dep5d on h]            
capabilities = giv+ milk a long] or     
%ort] "t4 ,"s w give  milk ! ye> r\nd1  
:ile o!rs w 8g dry0 ?ree or f\r mon?s1  

or  long]1 9 spite ( all ef=ts to keep  
!m 9 milk a long] p]iod4  ,b1 z a rule1 
x is bett] = a c[ to g dry "s eight     
weeks1  giv+ "t = fle%+ up a little1 &  
ga9+ /r5g? = ano!r  season4 ,! c[ w be m
 vigor\s1 & ! fl[ ( milk m abundant     
aft]w>d4          ,,! ,,ellswor? ,,or   
8,,b>re0 ,,sy/em ,,( ,,fe$+4    ,,by ,d4
 ,d4 ,,slade1 ,,*e/nut ,,hill1 ,,mass4  
,my own exp]i5ce1 z well z t ( o!rs1 has
 taught me t a c[  prop]ly f$ twice a   
day1 w give m milk1 & be 9 bett]        
condition  ?an :5 f$ ?ree times1 or m   
frequ5tly4 ,?is plan1 :i* is kn[n  z !  
8,b>re0 sy/em ( fe$+1 may be adopt$     
?r\gh\t ! ye>1  al?\gh x has be5 *iefly 
appli$ to ! w9t] mon?s1 9 ! region  :]e 
x has be5 mo/ ext5sively pursu$4    ,!  
poore/ quality ( fodd] is giv5 fir/1 at 
! comm5cem5t ( ea*  meal1 & be=e ?is is 
entirely consum$1 ano!r fodd]+ ( a bett]
  quality is plac$ be=e ! c[1 & f9ally a
 ?ird1 ( ! be/ hay4  ,aft] ?is is       
consum$1 roots1 gra91 etc41 may be giv5 
imm$iately4  ,9 ?is way1 ! animal       

employs on an av]age ab\t two h\rs at a 
meal--:i* occurs only twice dur+ ! day1 
) an int]val ( f six  to sev5 h\rs      
betwe5 ! morn+ & ev5+4 ,wat]1 always    
slightly  w>m$1 9 cold wea!r1 is (f]$ at
 once1 & x w be f\nd t  ! c[ w n dr9k s 
freely aft] %e has begun to *ew ! cud4  
,no  food %\ld be giv5 betwe5 ! meals1  
:i* %\ld be at regul> h\rs1  & s]v$ )   
punctuality4 ,s long z %e *ews h] cud1  
:i* 9 !  well-f$ c[ is ab\t six h\rs1 we
 c re/ assur$ t h] dige/ive  organs h "w
 en\gh be=e !m1 & t we _c reasonably    
call  ^u !m to d m4    ,! :y & ! :]e=e (
 ?is sy/em ( fe$+1 :i* we he>tily       
advocate1 are well told 9 ! words ( ,mr4
 ,ellswor?1 ! orig9ator4  8,! idea t a  
c[ ne$s only two meals a day dur+ ! w9t]
 season1  z long z %e is kept ^u hay or 
o!r dri$ fodd]1 not)/&+  ! fact t %e w  
eat mu* (t5]1 :5 obta9+ h] liv+ f  !    
pa/ure1 may appe> to ! casual obs]v]1 to
 be contradictory to  itself2 b on a    
clos] inve/igation we %all notice a     
rational1 & ,i  believe satisfactory    

reason = x4 ,( all ! elem5ts ( :i* grass
 is  compos$1 by f> ! l>g] "p is wat]1  
:i* mu/ r5d] x mu* m  bulky ?an an equal
 am\nt ( hay1 & = ?is reason1 m is      
requir$  to supply ! wants ( ! sy/em4   
,dur+ ! season1 !re=e1 :5 !  c[ mu/ live
 by h] own ex]tions1 %e mu/ labor mo/ ( 
! "t to  obta9 ! requisite am\nt (      
n\ri%m5t1 :i* %e is n requir$ to  d :ile
 9 ! b>n4 ,we mu/ n =get1 also1 t       
pa/ures 9 g5]al  are kept d[n s close   
dur+ ! great] "p ( ! summ]1 t only  by  
cont9ual labor c h] wants be satisfi$40 
,! same rules are applicable to ! soil+ 
( ! c[ dur+ ! summ]  mon?s1 ! only      
diff]5ce be+ t gre5 food is giv5 9 !    
place  ( dry4 ,?is may consi/ ( rye1    
oats1 b>ley1 millet1 or ,hung>ian       
grass1 corn1 ,engli% grass1 etc41 cut   
:ile 9 ! milk4 ,x w  frequ5tly be f\nd t
 a proportion ( dri$ hay w also at times
 be  highly reli%$1 & may be ess5tial to
 allay any excessive loos5ess (  !      
b[els1 :i* may be produc$ by ! succul5t 
food4    ,dur+ ! "t ( eat+1 ! milk+ &   

o!r necess>y "w may be  done ab\t ! c[  
h\se1 s t "t may be ?us economiz$4    ,z
 to ! requisite am\nt ( food1 x may be  
tak5 z a safe rule1  t a mil* c[ dem&s 9
 food1 ?ree p] c5t ( h] weight4 ,an     
av]age c[1 !n1 w require f eighte5 to   
tw5ty p\nds ( hay1  9 addition to a peck
 or two ( roots p] day1 or ! equival5t (
 ?is  am\nt 9 gre5 food dur+ ! summ]    
mon?s4    ,if ! hay is good1 & has be5  
prop]ly cur$1 or if r[5 c be  giv51 !n  
!re w be little or no dem& = gra9 9 any 
=m4 ,if  o!rwise1 f "o to two qu>ts (   
,indian meal1 ) two qu>ts (  %orts p]   
day1 %\ld be f$ out1 if we are to expect
 a good fl[ (  milk4 ,we h f\nd excell5t
 results to foll[ ! practice ( /irr+  ! 
meal & %orts1 or a portion ( ^!1 into a 
bucket ( w>m wat]1  & (f]+ ?is mixture  
imm$iately aft] ! animal has consum$ h] 
dry food1 & be=e any roots are eat54    
,?is extra am\nt ( fluid w  be gre$ily  
tak51 9 ?is way1 )\t any int]f]5ce ) a  
lib]al  supply ( wat] at ! end ( ! meal4
 ,salt1 at all times1 %\ld be           

accessible to ! c[1 & p]haps ?is article
 may be be/ suppli$ by  plac+ a l>ge    
lump ( rock salt 9 ! mang]1 to be lick$ 
z h]  wants may require4    ,tak+       
,c5tral ,new ,engl&1 z be=e rem>k$1 z ! 
latitude (  exp]im5tation1 x w be f\nd t
 "o squ>e rod ( oats1 ,hung>ian  grass1 
b>ley1 rye1 & simil> grasses1 9 prop]   
condition1 gr[+  on l& 9 a high /ate (  
cultivation1 is amply suffici5t = a c[  
= "o day4 ,or 9 o!r words1 to be )9     
p]fectly safe b\nds1 &  consid]+ !      
*ances ( p>tial failure1 we may say1 t  
"u !  conditions above m5tion$1 =ty     
squ>e rods1 or "o qu>t] ( an acre1  w   
produce ample food = "o c[ = ?irty-five 
days4 ,on ?is basis1  ^u "o acre c be   
gr[n soil+ mat]ial suffici5t to keep a  
c[  ?r\gh ! ye>1 all[+ also1 a lib]al   
am\nt ( roots4 ,h[ is ?is  to be done8  
,we may assume t a man takes possession 
( a place on ! fir/ (  ,april1 :i* is ! 
cu/om>y "t 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,let him      
select an acre  ( ! l& mo/ suitable to !
 purpose 9 view4 ,let him set ap>t =ty  

squ>e rods1 or "o qu>t] ( x1 = summ]    
soil+1 tw5ty squ>e  rods = ! gr[? (     
roots1 & ! rema9+ "o hundr$ squ>e rods  
= crops1 to be prop]ly cur$ = w9t] use4 
,! l& hav+ be5  ?or\ghly prep>$1 t is1 9
 high til?1 s[ z e>ly 9 ,april z        
possible1 on t5 squ>e rods1 oats1 or    
spr+ rye1 at ! rate ( f\r  bu%els to !  
acre4 ,?is w be fit to cut1 = summ]     
soil+1 9 !  fir/ week ( ,july4    ,on ! 
fifte5? to tw5tie? ( ,april1 s[ ! next  
t5 rods 9 a  simil> mann]4 ,?is w be    
ready to cut ab\t ! fifte5? ( ,july4 ,on
  ! fir/ ( ,may1 s[ oats or b>ley on !  
next t5 rods1 :i* w be  fit = cropp+    
,augu/ fir/4    ,on ! t5? to ! fifte5? (
 ,may put 9 ! next five rods 9 drills1  
flat corn at ! rate ( ?ree bu%els to !  
acre1 & a week lat] !  rema9+ five rods 
are to be treat$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,?is 
w give  succul5t food up to ,septemb]4  
,z soon z ! fir/ t5 rods ( l&1 :i* 7    
cle>$ ( oats by !  t5? ( ,july1 has be5 
aga9 prep>$ prop]ly1 s[ ,hung>ian grass 
at ! same rate z be=e /at$4 ,d ! same   

also ) ! next lot1  cle>$ ( oats by !   
fir/ ( ,augu/1 putt+ 9 b>ley1 h[ev]1 9  
place ( millet1 z ?is is n injur$ by !  
e>ly fro/s4 ,b>ley may  also be s[n on !
 lot :i* 0 cropp$ ab\t ! t5? ( ,augu/1  
or  if ?is gra9 has already occupi$ !   
l&1 we may sub/itute corn1  us+ a       
/imulat+ f]tiliz] to give x a rapid     
gr[?4 ,9 ?is way1  we %all h a          
succession ( gre5 food up to ,novemb]1  
augm5t$ also  by ! tops ( ! roots :5    
?9n$ out or :5 h>ve/$4 ,! l>g]  v>ieties
 ( ! sweet corn may be sub/itut$ = !    
flat1 & is  p]haps bett] reli%$1 al?\gh 
n af=d+ p]haps s l>ge a yield4    ,!    
tw5ty squ>e rods devot$ to root culture 
mu/ receive att5tion z  e>ly 9 ! season 
z possible--c]ta9ly by ! fir/ ( ,may4 ,!
 gr\nd  hav+ be5 deeply pl[$ or spad$1 &
 ?or\ghly manur$1 %\ld be  made p]fectly
 level4 ,! l>ge sug> beet & ! mangold   
wurzel are !  mo/ valuable = ! mil* c[1 
& may be s[n at ! rate ( ab\t  six p\nds
 to ! acre4 ,dur+ _! gr[?1 c>eful       
att5tion %\ld  be giv5 to !m by keep+ !m

 free f we$s1 & ! surface (  ! gr\nd    
loose & fre%4 ,a good yield w\ld give an
 av]age ( ab\t  six hundr$ & fifty      
bu%els to ! acre1 :i* w be eighty bu%els
  = ! plot ( tw5ty squ>e rods1 & all[+ !
 c[ "o-?ird (  a bu%el p] day = ! eight 
mon?s ( dry food4 ,! roots %\ld be      
secur$ f fro/ by plac+ !m 9 ! cell> or 9
 deep pits well  protect$4 ,! hundr$    
rods :i* is to be devot$ to ! w9t] fe$+1
  mu/ be put d[n to oats at ! same "t1 &
 exactly 9 ! same mann]  z ! fir/ t5    
rods = summ] soil+4 ,cut ^! :5 9 _! mo/ 
succul5t condition1 :i* w be probably f 
! fif? to ! t5?  ( ,july4 ,cure !m well1
 & h\se or /ack !m 9 a suitable mann]4  
,! l& hav+ be5 aga9 suitably prep>$1 !  
prec$+ crop mu/ be  at once foll[$ by   
,hung>ian grass1 a bu%el & a half to !  
acre1  :i* w be fit = cutt+ z soon z !  
head is =m$1 :i* w  be 9 ab\t six weeks 
f ! "t ( s[+4 ,cure x z f> z possible  9
 ! cock1 :i* w r5d] x m nutriti\s4    ,!
 "o hundr$ squ>e rods be+ aga9 cle>$ &  
put 9 ord] dur+  ! autumn1 s[ w9t] rye  

at ! rate ( ?ree bu%els to ! acre4  ,?is
 w be ready to cut 9 ! spr+1 & w af=d   
gre5 food mu*  e>li] ?an 9 any o!r way =
 soil+4 ,if !re is a surplus ( any  ( ! 
gre5 crops1 conv]t x into hay = w9t]    
use4    ,f ! two cropp+s ( ! "o hundr$  
squ>e rods1 treat$ 9 !  above mann]1 a  
fair yield w be a ton & a qu>t] ( oats  
cur$  z hay1 ) an equal am\nt (         
,hung>ian grass4 ,?us we h two &        
"o-half tons ( fodd]1 :i* w be amply    
suffici5t = "o c[  ?r\gh ! eight mon?s 9
 :i* %e is n receiv+ ! gre5 crops1      
all[+ h] ! am\nt ( hay p] day :i* we h  
/at$ z necess>y  9 conjunction ) ! roots
 & gra91 9 ! quantities be=e  m5tion$4  
,( c\rse1 :]e ! fe$+ comm5ces 9 ,april1 
if ! place be tak5  9 t mon?1 food mu/  
be b\ght by ! own] to la/ until ! summ] 
soil+ 9 ,july4 ,9 ! succe$+ ye>1 h[ev]1 
! crop ( w9t] rye  w come 9 e>ly1 to be 
us$ 9 conjunction ) ! dri$ fodd] (  !   
previ\s summ]4      ,,c[ ,,/abl$ ,,9 ,,!
 ,,t[n4    ,aga91 !re are cases :]e a   
s+le c[ may be kept ) pr(it &           

advantage1 & t1 too1 9 p]fect heal?1 )\t
 ! ag5cy (  l&1 9 ! imm$iate suburbs ( a
 t[n or city1 or ev5 )9 !  v prec9cts ( 
a city4 ,x is requisite1 = ^!           
conditions1 t  provision %\ld be made to
 all[ ! animal to brea! fre% air1 & to  
enjoy a c]ta9 am\nt ( sunlight daily4   
,)\t ^! none %\ld be  kept4 ,ex]cise is 
n ess5tial to ! well-be+ ( ! mil* c[2 %e
  is an animal ( repose1 & if %e is (f]$
 e ef=t to rum9ate1  w be p]fectly      
cont5t$1 & w d h] duty4 ,att5tion to !  
be/  possible condition ( ! sk91 z      
reg>ds cleanl9ess1 is v important  :5 s 
closely h\s$4    ,! food :i*1 "u ^!     
circum/ances1 mu/ be pur*as$1 c be      
obta9$ ) mu* economy1 on acc\nt ( !     
prop9quity to ! places  ( sale2 & al?\gh
 we d n advocate ! use ( brew]s' gra91  
or (  any o!r *eap articles :i* are too 
(t5 sub/itut$ = ! natural  food ( ! c[1 
viz41 grass1 gre5 or dry--a small       
quantity1 especially  :5 supplem5t$ by !
 vegetable refuse f ! h\se table1 may be
  advantage\sly employ$ conjo9tly ) good

 hay4    ,f9ally1 x may be said t no    
animal bett] repays c>e & att5tion1  & c
 ) m tru? be call$ ! poor man's fri5d1  
?an ! c[4    ,illu/ration               
,,facts ,,refute ,,prejudice4    ,,by   
,d4 ,b4 ,,*apman1 ,,new ,,london1 ,,ct4 
,:5 ,i 0 a boy x 0 ! prevail+ op9ion 9 !
 section ( c\ntry  :]e ,i 0 rais$1 t x 0
 bett] t a c[ %\ld be r ?9  9 fle% at ! 
"t ( calv+ ?an o!rwise4 ,!re 0 b v      
little  gra9 f$ 9 w9t]1 to any /ock 9 t 
section1 except to work+  ox54 ,c[s 9   
milk 7 f$ hay1 :ile dry c[s1 & "y /ock1 
7  f$ on /raw or corn /alks4 ,! result 0
 t at ! "t ( calv+1  c[s 7 g5]ally ?9   
en\gh to con=m to ! popul> idea ( a     
prop] condition4 ,c[s giv+ a l>ge yield 
( milk 7 sc>ce en\gh  9 ^? days1 & x 0 v
 seldom t y w\ld meet "o t w\ld  yield  
t5 qu>ts ( milk p] day 7be] measure71   
dur+ ! flu% (  fe$4 ,my fai? 9 ! !ory1 t
 a c[ %\ld be ?9 9 fle% at !  "t (      
calv+1 receiv$ a v sev]e %ock1 v soon   
aft] ,i became  ! own] ( "o1 & exp]i5ce 
& obs]vation h only s]v$ to  confirm my 

d\bts ( its correctness4    ,9 ! spr+ ( 
#ahdh1 ,i pur*as$ my fir/ c[4 ,i came   
across h] "s  tw5ty miles f home4 ,%e _h
 j calv$1 & display$ a v l>ge  udd]4 ,h]
 own] w>rant$ h] to give twelve qu>ts ( 
milk p] day1 &  to be1 9 e respect1 a   
good family c[4 ,! c[ suit$ my fancy 9  
e p>ticul>1 save "o1 %e 0 too fat4 ,b   
hav+ n9e po9ts 9  h] favor1 ,i did n    
feel dispos$ to =ego h] pur*ase = ! want
  ( ! t5?4 ,:5 ,i drove h] home1 !      
adv]se criticism on h] 0  imm5se1 solely
 on acc\nt ( h] condition4 ,said an old 
f>m] to me3  8,t is a fancy c[1 j suit$ 
= "s ri* man1 :o c af=d to  indulge 8   
fancy1 & exp5d = h] keep+1 twice z mu* z
 ! value  ( h] milk4 ,y w f9d t y h got 
to keep h] 9 j !  condition t %e is n[  
91 or y w get no milk4 ,if y d n keep   
h] 9 ?is condition1 y w f9d %e w %r9k 9 
milk1 be=e %e  %r9ks 9 fle%1 & %e won't 
give half z mu*1 on ! same keep+1  z %e 
w\ld if %e 0 no fatt] ?an my c[s40    ,i
 mu/ own1 t aft] li/5+ to ?is & t       
criticism 9 ! same  /ra91 ,i felt a     

little sick ( my b>ga91 & w\ld h will+ly
 sold  h] at a disc\nt1 b no pur*as]    
appe>+1 ,i conclud$ to make !  be/ ( a  
bad b>ga94    ,my pur*ase 0 made ,april 
second4 ,twelve hundr$ p\nds ( hay      
furni%$  h] ) fe$ until ! eighte5? (    
,may4 ,i !n hir$ a pa/ure1 =  fifte5    
doll>s1 :]e ,i kept h] until ,novemb]1  
:5 ,i sold h]4    ,i f\nd t1 al?\gh ! c[
 lo/ fle% "u my keep+1 & a good  deal ( 
x too1 %e gave q z mu* milk z %e 0      
recomm5d$ to  give1 & at ! "t %e 0 sold1
 h] acc\nt /ood z foll[s1 no  acc\nt    
hav+ be5 made ( ! milk us$ 9 ! family1  
!n consi/+  ( ?ree p]sons3              
,,cr4        ,by sale ( ,milk1 at #f    
c5ts p] qu>t      #gd4bj         d4     
,calf                              #e4jj
         d4     ,c[1 ,novemb] #a        
#ah4jj                                  
------ #ig4bj                           
,,dr4        ,to pur*ase1 ,april #b;d   
#ce4jj          d4      ,hay            
#ab4jj          d4      ,s]vice         
#j4ej          d4      ,pa/ure          

#ae4jj                                  
------ #fb4ej                           
------      ,net ,pr(it                 
#cd4gj    ,i 0 s well pleas$ ) ?is      
result1 not)/&+ ! unfavorable           
circum/ance ( hav+ />t$ ) a fat c[1 t ! 
next spr+ ,i  repur*as$ h] at ! same    
price paid ! spr+ previ\s4 ,b in/ead  ( 
a fat c[ !n1 %e 0 ?9 en\gh to af=d a    
good /udy ( animal  anatomy4 ,%e _h _h  
no o!r fe$ ?an corn /alks1 = ! two mon?s
  t %e _h be5 dry1 & 0 z mu* ?9n] ?an :5
 ,i sold h]2 z  %e 0 at t "t ?9n] ?an :5
 ,i fir/ b\ght h]4 ,9 fact1 %e  _h be5  
subject$ to a gradual sy/em ( depletion 
= a ye>4    ,i sold h] on ! fir/ (      
,octob]1 foll[+1 :5 h] acc\nt /ood  z   
foll[s1 no acc\nt hav+ be5 made ( ! milk
 us$ 9 ! family1  numb]+ ?ree p]sons1 z 
be=e3                                   
,,dr4        ,to pur*ase                
#ce4jj         ,hay                     
#ab4jj         ,s]vice                  
#j4ej         ,meal                     
#f4jj         ,pa/ure1 ! same z !       

previ\s ye>   #ae4jj                    
------- #fh4ej                          
,,cr4        ,by sale ( ,milk1 at #f    
c5ts p] qu>t      #ea4cj          d4    
,calf1 two weeks old               #c4jj
          d4    ,c[1 ,octob] #a         
#ab4jj                                  
------- #ff4cj                          
------      ,loss                       
#b4bj    ,?is diff]5ce 9 pr(it 0        
occasion$ solely by ! diff]5ce ( !      
yield ( h] milk 9 ! two seasons4 ,!     
yield = ! second season  av]ag$ full    
?ree qu>ts p] day less ?an ! fir/1 &1 at
 ! same  "t1 ! quality ( ! milk 0       
det]iorat$ 9 ! same proportion z  !     
quantity4    ,?is 0 my fir/ lesson1     
acquir$ by exp]i5ce4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i  
le>n$ ano!r by obs]vation4 ,! two comb9$
 add$ mat]ially to my  /ock ( k4    ,a  
neighbor ( m9e1 a ,g]man1 9 ! mon? (    
,janu>y1 #ahdi1 pur*as$  a heif]1 ?ree  
ye>s ( age ! com+ spr+4 ,%e _h be5 kept 
poor  f ! "t %e 0 wean$4 ,at two ye>s ( 
age %e _h dropp$ h]  fir/ calf1 & ?r\gh 

h] fir/ season ( milk _h giv5 b little  
promise z a milk]4 ,%e _h j be5 dri$ :5 
he pur*as$ h]1 &  he1 )\t any previ\s k 
( ! c>e ( c[s1 comm5c$ fe$+  h] accord+ 
to 8 in/9cts4 ,he f$ h] six qu>ts ( meal
 p] day1 9  addition to all ! hay %e    
w\ld eat4 ,?is sy/em ( fe$+ cont9u$     
until ab\t ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,m>*1 :5 %e   
calv$4 ,at ! "t (  calv+ %e 0 9 bett]   
condition ?an mu* ( ! beef sold 9 our   
m>kets4    ,ab\t ! same "t t 8 c[ calv$ 
,i repur*as$ m9e4 ,! fe$ (  ! two1      
!reaft]1 0 v ne>ly alike1 except t 8 c[ 
_h a  fe$ ( six qu>ts ( meal p] day1    
:ile m9e _h only two4 ,8 fat c[  d\bl$  
on ! quantity ( milk t %e _h giv5 ! ye> 
be=e1 :5  %e came 9 poor1 :ile my poor  
c[1 ) extra fe$1 fell %ort m  ?an a ?ird
 ( h] yield ( ! ye> be=e1 :5 %e came 91 
9 good  condition4    ,at t "t ,i d n   
rememb] to h ev] se5 a "w on *emi/ry1 & 
knew no?+ ( its application2 b ! k      
acquir$1 l$ to !  =mation ( a !ory 9 my 
m9d1 on :i* ,i h s9ce act$1 & :i*1  ,i  
believe1 has a sci5tific basis1 to wit3 

8,! fat laid on ! body (  an 9-calf c[1 
is a /ore f :i* nature draws a l>ge     
portion ( !  mat]ial :i* increases &    
enri*es ! subsequ5t fl[ ( milk--a /ore  
f :i* %e1 by legitimate processes1      
produces oleo-/e>9e 9 !  %ape ( butt]40 
,act+ ^u ?is !ory1 ,i h endeavor$ to    
apportion to my c[s a  uni=m daily      
ration1 occasionally v>y+ ! mat]ial1    
:i*1 al?\gh  x may n su/a9 ! c[ 9 full  
fle% dur+ ! greate/ fl[ (  milk1 seems  
to r5ew x dur+ ! p]iod ( ! less] fl[1 & 
r5d]  !m 9 good condition at ! "t (     
calv+4 ,?is sy/em ( uni=m  fe$+1 to my  
m9d1 pays bett] ?an x does to fe$       
heavily :ile 9  milk1 & !n lightly :5   
dry1 because x furni%es a l>ge res\rce  
( fat1 on :i* to draw at a "t :5 to     
consume suffici5t food to  su/a9 !      
entire fl[ ( milk capable ( be+ produc$1
 might imp]il  heal?2 & ,i feel q sure t
 a c]ta9 ri*ness is !reby imp>t$  to !  
milk1 t no am\nt ( fe$+ w draw f a poor 
c[4 ,9 !  autumn ( #ahgg ,i pur*as$ a   
grade heif] reput$ to be sev5-eigh?s    

,j]sey & "o-eigh? ,ayr%ire4 ,%e _h      
dropp$ h] fir/ calf ! spr+  previ\s1 :5 
only two ye>s old4 ,%e 0 !n repres5t$ z 
yield+  ?ree qu>ts ( milk p] day1 & due 
to calve ,april ! six?4 ,to  acc\nt = ! 
small yield ( milk1 h] own] said %e _h  
be5 kept on  poor pa/ure & milk$ by     
c>eless boys1 :o _h n be5 p>ticul> to   
milk h] clean4    ,t %e _h be5 kept on  
poor pa/ure h] appe>ance abundantly     
confirm$4 ,%e came into my possession   
dur+ ! root h>ve/1 9  ,novemb]4 ,i      
comm5c$ by fe$+ to h] ?ree bu%els (     
rutabaga tops1  or ( beet tops1 ?ree    
p\nds ( corn meal1 toge!r ) all ! dry   
hay  %e w\ld eat ea* day4      ,,"o     
,,ye>',s ,,exp5ses ,,& ,,returns4    ,! 
co/ ( keep+ ! c[ f ,novemb] fir/1 #ahgg1
 to ,june fir/1  #ahgh1 0 z foll[s3     
#aej p\nds ( ,indian ,meal1 at #a4dj    
#b4aj       #chj   0    ,%ip ,/uff1 at  
#a4ce        #e4ac       #aaj   0       
,oil ,meal1 at #a4cj          #a4hb     
#dadj   0    ,roots1 at #h4jj p] ton    
#af4ef      #ccib   0    ,hay1 at #bj   

#cc4ib         #a peck ,salt            
#j4be                                   
------                                  
#ei4gh    ,! co/ f ,june fir/ to        
,novemb] fir/1 #ahgh1 0 z foll[s3       
#aecj p\nds ( ,hay1 at #bj     #ae4cj   
#bbe   0    ,oil meal1 at #a4cj   #b4ib 
#dgj   0    ,bran1 at #a4ce       #f4ce 
,salt                             #j4be 
,s]vice                          #b4jj  
----- #bf4hb                            
------      ,mak+ a total co/ (         
#hf4fj    = ! ye>1 c\nt+ no?+ = ! g>d5  
truck consum$ dur+ !  summ] & autumn4   
,?is1 ) ! exception ( ! corn /alks1 w\ld
  h be5 consign$ to ! compo/ heap1 _h %e
 n eat5 x1 s t  its only value to me 0  
its value = compo/4 ,b all[+ t = !      
purpose ( fe$ x 0 equal 9 value to its  
equival5t 9 hay1 & t  my w9t] ration (  
hay _h be5 cont9u$ ?r\gh ! ye>1 h] total
  co/ ( keep+ w\ld h be51 9 r\nd numb]s1
 "o hundr$ & f\r  doll>s4    ,9 ! roots 
f$ to h] dur+ ! w9t]1 7 includ$ ! wa/e  
& p>+s ( vegetables us$ 9 a family ( t5 

p]sons1 :i* 0  sometimes no             
inconsid]able item4 ,^! 7 always ?r[n   
into ! fe$  basket1 & j en\gh fre% roots
 slic$ to make ! requir$ weight4  ,aft] 
! roots /or$ 9 ! cell> 7 exhau/$ no     
acc\nt 0 made  ( ?is item4 ,i make ?is  
/atem5t simply to %[ t e item (  fe$ 0  
ent]$ at its full value1 into ! co/ ( ! 
keep+4    ,n[ = ! o!r side4 ,al?\gh ! c[
 0 q ?9 :5 ,i b\ght  h]1 yet "u ?is     
sy/em ( c>e & fe$+1 %e 0 e/imat$ to  h  
ga9$ two hundr$ p\nds 9 weight by ! "t  
%e calv$1 on !  fifte5? ( ,april1 #ahgh1
 & ( ?is weight %e _h n lo/ m ?an       
sev5ty-five p\nds at ! end ( ! ye>1     
,novemb] fir/4 ,:5 ,i b\ght  h] %e 0    
repres5t$ z yield+ ?ree qu>ts ( milk p] 
day4 ,h]  yield ( milk weigh$ on ! fir/ 
day exactly five & ?ree-qu>t]  p\nds4   
,at ! end ( ?ree weeks1 x _h increas$ to
 elev5 p\nds  p] day1 & cont9u$ at ?is  
figure ) sc>cely any int]ruption  until 
! fir/ ( ,febru>y4 ,x !n rapidly fell   
(f1 until by !  tw5ty-fif? ( t mon?1 %e 
yield$ only sev5 p\nds p] day4 ,i !n    

comm5c$ milk+ h] once a day1 & ! milk+  
on ! f\r? day aft]  weigh$ only f\r & a 
half p\nds4 ,i cont9u$ milk+ h] until ! 
fifte5? ( ,m>*1 :5 ,i /opp$1 ! weight ( 
! la/ milk+ be+  only "o & ?ree-qu>t]   
p\nds4 ,on ! t5? or ,april %e calv$4 ,i 
let h] calf suckle h] until x 0 f\r     
weeks old1 :5 x 0 sold  = veal4 ,on !   
sev5? ( ,may h] yield ( milk 0 tw5ty-two
 p\nds4  ,x av]ag$ ab\t t figure until  
%e got a full fe$ ( pea v9es 9  ,june1  
:5 x ran up z high z tw5ty-sev5 p\nds4  
,9 ,july x fell (f  "s1 & cont9u$ to run
 f tw5ty to tw5ty-?ree p\nds until !    
middle ( ,augu/4 ,x !n gradually dim9i%$
 to ! fir/ ( ,novemb]1  at :i* "t %e 0  
yield+ ?irte5 p\nds ( milk p] day4 ,i   
f9d1  by ref]r+ to my di>y1 t h] total  
yield ( milk f ! "t ,i  pur*as$ h] until
 %e calv$1 0 "o ?\s& & sixty-sev5 p\nds1
  equal to f\r hundr$ & eighty-f\r      
qu>ts1 reckon+ ?irty-f\r  ounces to !   
qu>t4 ,milk 0 !n sell+1 9 ?is vic9ity1  
at six  c5ts p] qu>t1 mak+ a value (    
tw5ty-six doll>s & f\r c5ts4    ,f ! "t 

%e calv$ until ! fir/ ( ,novemb]1 h]    
total yield (  milk 0 ?ree ?\s& sev5    
hundr$ & sev5ty-sev5 p\nds1 equal  to "o
 ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty-sev5 qu>ts1  
at five c5ts1  eighty-eight doll>s &    
eighty-five c5ts2 sale ( calf1 six      
doll>s &  fifty-c5ts2 mak+ a net pr(it (
 sev5te5 doll>s & ?irty-n9e  c5ts1 to   
say no?+ ( ! gr[? ( ! c[1 or ! value (  
h]  manure1 :i* 0 an ample comp5sation =
 ! c>e ( keep+4    ,_h ,i e/imat$ !     
value ( h] milk at ! retail price1 ,i   
%\ld add  "o c5t p] qu>t = summ]1 & two 
c5ts p] qu>t = w9t]4 ,!  next ye> ?is   
same c[1 ) ! increase ( ! equival5t ( "o
 &  a half p\nds ( meal p] day1 to all[ 
= h] increas$ gr[?1 & a  slight         
deviation 9 ! matt] ( fe$ dur+ ! summ]1 
:]eby %e  obta9$ m gre5 food1 ( :i* ,i  
%all speak h]eaft]1 increas$ h]  pr(it  
almo/ =ty p] c5t4      ,,g>get4    ,( "o
 ?+ ,i am v c>eful1 & t is1 n to all[ ! 
infl[+  milk1 previ\s to calv+1 to h>d5 
9 ! udd]1 & 9 all my long  exp]i5ce1 9  
own+ c[s1 ,i h nev] _h a case ( g>get4  

,:5 ,i 0  a boy ab\t twelve ye>s ( age1 
my fa!r pur*as$ a v l>ge milk]  = ^?    
days4 ,i notic$ t ! "r h9d qu>t] ( h]   
udd] 0  mu* small] ?an ! o!r1 & yield$ a
 correspond+ly less quantity  ( milk4   
,aft] %e _h be5 dri$ (f1 & ! "t approa*$
 = h] to  calve1 ,i obs]v$ t ?is same   
qu>t] ( h] udd] became v mu*  m di/5d$  
?an ! o!rs4 ,h] :ole udd] 0 v mu*       
di/5d$1  b ?is qu>t] excessively s4 ,z  
h] p]iod ( calv+ 0 delay$1  & h] udd]   
became m inflam$1 produc+1 evid5tly1    
great pa9 to  ! c[1 ,i ask$ ! privilege 
( milk+ h]1 & 0 d5i$4 ,at !  same "t ,i 
0 giv5 to und]/& t x 0 ! wor/ possible  
?+  t c\ld be done = ! c[2 t x 0        
necess>y t h] udd]  %\ld become ?us     
di/5d$1 9 ord] to give x ! capacity to  
conta9  ! fl[ ( milk aft] calv+2 t %\ld 
%e be milk$ be=e calv+1  ! yield aft]   
calv+ w\ld be v mu* less5$1 etc4 ,by !  
"t %e  calv$1 h] udd] 0 "o indurat$     
mass1 & t p>ticul> qu>t] (  x s mu*     
inflam$ t %e c\ld n be> to h ! calf t\* 
x4  ,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 h[ev]1 by copi\s   

applications ( cold wat]1  & v>i\s      
l9im5ts1 ! inflammation 0 r$uc$1 b t    
p>ticul>  section ( ! udd]1 :i* _h be5  
suffici5tly di/5d$ to hold  h] :ole     
yield1 0 %runk5 to its old dim5sions1 & 
0 no l>g]  ?an :5 ,i fir/ saw h]4 ,:5 ! 
"t approa*$ = h] to drop h]  next calf1 
,i took ! responsibility ( cl&e/9ely    
milk+ h]1 s  t :5 %e calv$ !re 0 no     
inflam$ udd]1 !re 0 no fuss+  ) l9im5ts4
 ,its f\r qu>t]s 7 n[ ev5ly develop$2 ! 
only  diff]5ce 0 ! =m] %runk5 qu>t] 0   
l>g]1 if any?+1 ?an  ! o!rs1 &1 ?r\gh\t 
! season1 ! yield ( milk1 f ! same      
keep+1 0 ess5tially increas$ ov] ! yield
 ( ! previ\s ye>4 ,i  nev] disclos$ !   
secret1 h[ev]1 until ,i 0 gr[n up4 ,b ,i
 acquir$  a v useful lesson :i* ,i      
appli$ 9 my practice long be=e !  !ory t
 x 0 be/ to milk a c[ previ\s to calv+ 0
 g5]ally  adopt$ by own]s ar\nd me4     
,,te!r+4    ,a pr(essional fri5d ( m9e  
is ! own] ( ?ree horses & two  import$  
c[s1 all ( :i* are kept 9 v high        
condition4 ,he in=ms  me t = sev]al     

ye>s1 ) ! exception ( "o ye>1 two & "o  
half acres ( l& h furni%$ all ! hay     
consum$ by ! five  animals1 toge!r )    
pa/urage = "o c[2 ! o!r c[ be+ dry  dur+
 ! summ]1 is pa/ur$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,8 l& is
 naturally  good grass l&1 be+ moi/1    
well dra9$1 & p]fectly smoo?4 ,!        
app>atus = te!r+ 8 c[1 :5 at pa/ure1    
consi/s ( a pole or  joi/1 ! %ort end ( 
:i* is weight$1 swivel$ on an iron      
upright1  /&+1 :5 9 position1 ab\t f\r  
feet above ! gr\nd1 giv+ !  app>atus !  
appe>ance ( a model ( an old-fa%ion$    
well sweep4 ,!  halt] be+ atta*$ to !   
upp] end1 is always above h] back :ile  
fe$+4 ,?is arrangem5t all[s ! c[ ! range
 ( a circuit ?irty  feet 9 diamet]4 ,!  
upright is remov$ to ! arc ( ! circle at
  morn+ & noon4 ,9 ?is mann] %e trav]ses
 ! l5g? ( ! lot1  f\r hundr$ feet1 9    
f\rte5 days1 :5 %e is br\ght back to !  
/>t+ po9t1 to repeat ! j\rney aga94 ,9  
?is mann]1 twelve  ?\s& feet ( l& is    
made to furni% pa/urage = "o c[ dur+  ! 
entire summ]1 & besides ?is1 %e has no  

fe$ :atev]4 ,! c[  is always 9 good     
condition1 & ! gr\nd nev] appe>s v      
closely  cropp$1 & ,i h no d\bt t 7 %e  
re/rict$ to "o qu>t] (  an acre1 or t5  
?\s& eight hundr$ & n9ety feet1 %e w\ld 
/ill  be bett] f$ ?an mo/ c[s t are at  
pa/ure4 ,! dropp+s ( !  c[ are daily    
remov$ f ?is range1 s t %e always has a 
clean  fe$+ gr\nd4 ,all ! manure made by
 ! five animals is annually  return$ to 
?is lot1 &1 9 addition1 ! own] in=ms me1
 once 9  ?ree ye>s he gives x a dress+ (
 a ton ( gr\nd bone4      ,,pe>l        
,,millet4    ,aft] read+ ( ,mr4 ,pet]   
,h5d]son's exp]im5t ) ,pe>l ,millet1 z  
describ$ 9 ! 8,am]ican ,agriculturi/10  
,i det]m9$ to make a trial  ) x myself4 
,accord+ly1 la/ ye>1 ,i s[$ an area (   
eighte5  squ>e rods ) x1 9 drills1      
f\rte5 in*es ap>t2 six rods 7 set  ap>t 
to be cut & dri$ = fodd]4 ,! product ( !
 o!r twelve  rods 0 f$ gre54 ,on !      
tw5tie? ( ,june1 a mon? aft] s[+1 !     
gr[? measur$ ab\t ?ree feet 9 hight4 ,on
 ?is date we comm5c$  cutt+ x1 & fe$+ to

 ! c[ all %e w\ld eat4 ,%e ate x ) a    
great] app>5t reli% ?an any o!r gre5 fe$
 t _h be5 giv5  h]4 ,! cutt+ 0 f9i%$ on 
! tw5ty-fif? ( ,july1 on :i*  day ! la/ 
cutt+ measur$ ab\t f\r feet 9 hight4 ,! 
second  cutt+ 0 comm5c$ on ! tw5ty-sev5?
 ( ,july1 & f9i%$ on !  tw5ty-second (  
,augu/1 ! gr[? av]ag+ ne>ly ?ree & a    
half  feet4 ,! ?ird cutt+ 0 comm5c$ on !
 tw5ty-?ird & f9i%$  on ! ?irty-fir/ (  
,augu/4 ,! gr[? 0 ab\t two feet at !    
beg9n+ ( ! cutt+1 b n m ?an t5 in*es at 
! f9i%4 ,!  f\r? & la/ cutt+ 0 comm5c$  
on ! sixte5?1 & f9i%$ on  ! tw5ty-fir/ (
 ,septemb]1 aft] :i* ! gr\nd appe>$     
exhau/$1  & no fur!r gr[? 0 made4 ,!    
twelve rods cut & f$ gre5 yield$  fe$   
suffici5t = sev5ty-five days1 aside f h]
 usual ration (  bran or oil meal1 :ile 
! product f ! six rods1 cut & f$ dry1   
only two cutt+s be+ made1 0 suffici5t to
 fe$ h] = ?irty-f\r  days1 mak+ a total 
fe$ = "o hundr$ & n9e days1 f eighte5   
rods ( gr\nd2 at :i* rate x w\ld require
 sixty & "o-qu>t] rods  ( gr\nd to      

furni% =age = a ye>4      ,,an          
,,excell5t ,,compo/4    ,! only /able   
manure ,i use on my crops is t made by  
my c[4 ,all my  o!r f]tiliz]s are       
artificially produc$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( !    
ye>1  9 prosecut+ my regul> bus9ess1 ,i 
r5d] "s two hundr$ ?\s&  p\nds ( tall[4 
,?is is all done by boil+ x ) sulphuric 
acid4  ,! acid attacks & decomposes !   
animal tissue1 leav+ ! r5d]$  tall[     
float+ on its surface4 ,a "p ( !        
dissolv$ animal tissue1  toge!r ) !     
bones t are sometimes smuggl$ 9 ) ! r\gh
  fat1 settles to ! bottom ( ! tanks1 & 
a "p rema9s dissolv$  9 ! acid4 ,?is    
sp5t acid1 toge!r ) ! deposit 9 ! bottom
  ( ! tanks1 is ! s\rce ( all my        
nitrog51 except :at may be 9  ! manure f
 ! c[1 z well z a portion ( my          
phosphor\s4 ,i h  occasion to use       
consid]able ( ! pota% ( comm]ce 9 "s (  
my  manufactures4 ,= my l&1 ,i make (   
?is a saturat$ solution1 & !n  dry x1 by
 /irr+ into x a mixture ( equal p>ts (  
gr\nd pla/]  & sift$ coal a%es4 ,?is1 9 

a few days1 becomes sulphate ( pota%1   
lime1 & coal a%es1 at lea/ ,i judge t x 
does1 = x loses all its  cau/icity4     
,9 prep>+ my f]tiliz]s1 ,i mix ! product
 ( my tanks ) loam1  ne> ! place to be  
plant$2 ?is1 9 ! spr+1 is dug ov] & mix$
  ) ! manure f ! /able4 ,! effect ( ?is 
mix+ is to make  ! manure v f9e 9 a v   
%ort "t4 ,aft] pl[+1 ?is compo/  is     
spread ^u ! l&1 & h>r[$ 94 ,i !n foll[ )
 gr\nd  bone1 :i* co/s me1 deliv]$ at my
 place1 bolt$1 tw5ty-five doll>s  p]    
ton1 at ! rate ( twelve hundr$ p\nds to 
! acre1 & ) !  pota% mixture1 at ! rate 
( two hundr$ & =ty p\nds to ! acre1  :i*
 is also h>r[$ 94 ,9 di/ribut+ ! pota%1 
,i di/ribute m  ( x :]e ,i int5d to     
plant peas or potatoes1 & less :]e ,i   
int5d  to plant corn1 squa%es1 &        
turnips4 ,9 di/ribut+ ! bone1 ,i rev]se 
?is4 ,x is on a light1 s&y loam1        
f]tiliz$ 9 ?is mann]1 ) an  excess (    
nitrog51 no d\bt1 t ,i expect1 ! com+   
summ]1 to raise  en\gh fe$ = a c[ on    
less ?an half an acre ( gr\nd4 ,! l& on 

:i* my exp]im5t 0 tri$ la/ ye> 0 a turn$
 sod t _h _h no  manure ( any k9d = m   
?an t5 ye>s4 ,?is ye> x w be tri$ on  l&
 t 0 manur$ z above la/ ye>4            
,illu/ration          ,a ,,woman',s     
,,success ,,& ,,exp]i5ce4    ,,by ,,mrs4
 ,,m>y ,l4 ,,taylor1 ,,nor? ,,v]non1    
,,indiana4      ,my success 9 keep+ !   
family c[ is ma9ly due to ! sup]ior s5se
  ( t animal 9 com+ into be+ 9 a        
latitude :]e a c[ c live  ) z little c>e
 & protection1 & :]e ! face ( unpl[$ &  
unh>r[$ nature furni%es z mu* food = h] 
z any o!r2 latitude  ?irty-n9e4    ,my  
c[ is a scrub--co/ tw5ty doll>s2 _h h]  
calf on ! f\rte5? (  ,febru>y1 #ahgi1 & 
we complim5t$ ! sa9t on ^: day %e came  
by  call+ h] ,val5t9e4      ,,h[ ,,we   
,,manag$ ,,! ,,calf4    ,i put ! calf 9 
a p5 made 9 ! f5ce corn] & cov]$ ) a few
  old bo>ds1 & let ! c[ 9 to h] e       
night--fir/ tak+ f !  c[ :at milk we    
ne$$ = our family ( f\r p]sons4 ,i left 
h] )  ! calf all night1 & 9 ! morn+     
milk$ :at ! calf _h left =  me4 ,?is 0 n

 mu* aft] ! fir/ two weeks1 & aft] two m
 weeks  ,i only wa/$ my "t at milk+ 9 ! 
morn+4 ,i p>t$ ) ! calf  at ?ree mon?s  
old = eight doll>s1 & laid ?is sum by z 
my capital  to draw aga9/ = ! c['s w9t] 
keep+4    ,my f>m is half an acre 9     
ext5t1 & all ( x1 except ! space        
occupi$ by ! cottage & a small g>d51 is 
lawn1 & is well set 9  ,blue-grass1 ) a 
spr9kl+ ( ,or*>d-grass4      ,,summ]    
,,managem5t4    ,i sold my lawn m[] &   
put a %ort rope ar\nd my c['s horns4 ,to
  ?is ,i fa/5$ ! *a9 ( an old *a9-pump4 
,! pump _h s]v$ its  day1 & 0 n[ laid   
aside4 ,?is old pump-*a9 0 ab\t sixte5  
feet  long1 & ?r\gh ! end ( x ,i /uck an
 old iron g>d5 /ake into  ! gr\nd1 &    
/ak$ my c[ out on ! lawn4 ,9 ! *a9 ,i   
put r+s  "o y>d ap>t1 & by runn+ my g>d5
 /ake ?r\gh a r+ ne>] or  f>!r f ! rope 
ar\nd ! c['s horns1 ,i c\ld give h] a   
l>g]  or small] circle to graze on1 & s 
let h] eat v ne> to ev]gre5s  & o!r     
%rubb]y )\t dang] ( hav+ !m injur$4 ,%e 
pull$ up  ! /ake sev]al times at fir/1 b

 ! rem$y = ?is came ( itself4  ,9 my    
desire to make h] v secure1 ,i _h ti$ ! 
rope ar\nd h]  horns too tightly & made 
h] head sore4 ,%e ceas$ pull+1 & ?\gh   
h] head soon got well1 %e has nev] s9ce 
pull$ up ! /ake2 s t  my mi/ake 9 fa/5+ 
! rope1 ?\gh x caus$ me self-reproa*es  
at  ! "t1 really prov$ a bless+ 9 ! end1
 = _h %e =m$ !  habit ( pull+ ! /ake up1
 ,i %\ld h be5 =c$ to discont9ue  /ak+  
h] out = fe> ( h] de/roy+ ! %rubb]y4 ,my
 c[ seems  to h a spite at %rubb]y      
proportion$ to its beauty1 & ?is spite  
seems int5sifi$ aga9/ su* plants z %e _c
 eat4 ,a "y c$>1  = in/ance1 %e w nev]  
pass )\t try+ to demoli% x ) h]  horns4 
,by means ( ! r+s 9 my *a91 ,i c\ld /ake
 h] s t %e  c\ld eat up to ! edge ( an  
ev]gre5 )\t be+ able to t\* x  ) h]     
horns1 & ,i f\nd ! horns ! only "p t !  
%rubb]y  _h to fe>1 = %e nev] yet has   
tri$ to de/roy any?+ ) h]  heels4    ,my
 lawn1 "u ! c>e ( ?is new "o-c[         
lawn-m[]1 became !  admiration & envy ( 
! :ole neighborhood4 ,! *ick5s foll[$ h]

  & scatt]$ h] dropp+s1 s t ! lawn 0    
always clean4 ,i f\nd  x a great        
improvem5t on ! old h& lawn-m[]1 & mu*  
less labor1  = ! /ak+ out 0 f> less     
tr\ble ?an runn+ ! m[]4 ,besides1  ,i   
sold ! old ma*9e = almo/ half ! price ,i
 paid = ! c[4 ,b1  /range z x seems to  
me n[1 ,i at fir/ felt a little a%am$ ( 
my new  m[]1 = ,i got 9 ! practice (    
/ak+ ! c[ on ! front lawn at  night1 &  
mov+ h] to ! back lawn e>ly 9 ! morn+4  
,%e did h] "w s sil5tly 9 ! d>kness t my
 neighbors wond]$  mu* t 9 s well-kept a
 lawn !y nev] he>d ! click ( !          
lawn-m[]4    ,we h no /orms 9 ! summ] 9 
?is latitude f :i* a c[ ne$s  any m     
protection ?an a tree af=ds4 ,:5 x ra9$ 
,i milk$ h]  "u ! %elt] ( a bee*4    ,9 
,june1 ,i r5t$ a "o-qu>t] acre lot = two
 doll>s1 & = "o  doll> hir$ x pl[$ &    
laid (f 9 furr[s a little ov] two feet  
ap>t4 ,9 ^! furr[s ,i dropp$ corn1 !    
gra9s two to f\r in*es  ap>t4 ,i hir$ x 
pl[$ once ) a %ovel pl[4 ,?is co/       
sev5ty-five  c5ts4 ,at ! fir/ fro/1 ,i  

_h x cut & put up 9 small %ocks4 ,a     
woman t does wa%+ = me1 & occasionally  
*ores ab\t ! h\se1  did ?is at =ty c5ts 
a day4 ,%e 0 sev]al days at x1 b dur+  !
 "t p]=m$ o!r "w ab\t ! h\se4 ,i ?9k %e 
sp5t ab\t  two solid days on x4 ,?is    
corn-fodd]1 ) few l>ge e>s on x1 b a    
great _m nubb9s1 made my fodd] & gra9 = 
! c[ = ! w9t]4  ,lat] 9 ! fall1 :5 !    
corn-/alks 7 ?or\ghly cur$1 ,i _h  !m   
plac$ aga9/ poles set on crot*es ar\nd !
 place :]e !  c[ 0 %elt]$ dur+ ! w9t]4  
,! /alks 7 lean$ aga9/ !  poles f bo?   
sides1 & made a slop+ ro( bo? ways1 s z 
to %$  sn[ & ra94 ,f ^! poles ,i gave ! 
c[ an armful ( ?is corn  & fodd] night &
 morn+1 & ?\gh ! sn[ did sometimes lodge
 on  !m1 & make my mitt5s cold1 ,i c\ld 
g5]ally f9d a spot on "o side  or ! o!r 
t 0 cle> ( sn[4 ,?is "w ( putt+ up !    
fodd]  = w9t] use co/ ab\t two doll>s4  
,my c[ _h be5 us$ to 8slops0 & meal1 &  
did n take k9dly to  :ole corn at fir/4 
,i 0 advis$ to husk ! corn1 & get x     
gr\nd2  b by fe$+ h] a few small or     

brok51 or s(t e>s f my h&1 %e  soon     
became eag] = x1 & has le>n$ to gr9d x z
 well z !  mill1 & at less co/ ( go+ to 
& f1 to say no?+ ( ! toll4  ,b ev5 if %e
 0 n z good a corn cru%] z ! mill-/ones1
 !re  w\ld be no loss1 = my f[ls foll[  
h] fai?fully1 & pick up e  brok5 gra9 t 
is dropp$2 s ! mill]'s toll t ,i save   
keeps me  9 *ick5s & eggs4 ,n[ t ! c[ _h
 come to eat :ole corn1 ,i 0  told t %e 
w\ld muss ov] ! fodd]1 hunt+ = ! nubb9s1
 &  wa/e ! /alks2 b by spr9kl+ a little 
br9e on ! /alks :5  %e became da9ty1 ,i 
f\nd ,i c\ld make h] eat !m z closely z 
0  desirable4      ,a ,,w9t] ,,%elt]4   
,i _h no /able4 ,! c[ /ood out 9 all !  
/orms until late 9  ,decemb]4 ,! hair   
grew v ?ick1 almo/ l a buffalo robe1 &  
%e  did n seem to m9d ! cold4 ,!re 0 an 
old *ick5 h\se on !  place1 /&+ on po/s 
ab\t five feet high4 ,x 0 9 a holl[1 &  
0 %elt]$ by ev]gre5s on ! nor? & we/4 ,z
 ,i pull$ up h]  /ake "o night 9 a      
drizzle to let h] g "u ! tree :]e ,i    
milk$  h]1 %e />t$ on ! gallop = ?is    

h\se1 & f t "t x 0  h] w9t] c\*4 ,!re ,i
 milk$ & f$ h]4 ,i ti$ ! *a9 ar\nd "o  (
 ! corn] po/s1 s z to leave h] ! *oice (
 ! %elt] ( !  build+ or ( exposure to ! 
/orm at h] discretion1 & ,i mu/ say  t  
%e (t5 surpris$ me by seem+ z fond z a  
*ild ( /&+  out 9 ! ra94 ,"u ?is coop ,i
 f$ h] fodd]2 ! /alks %e left1  litt]$  
d[n h] b$1 & ,i _h m manure 9 ! spr+ ?an
 ,i _h  ev] _h be=e4 ,a boy spread x f a
 :eelb>r[ at tw5ty-five c5ts  a day4 ,! 
spr+ be=e ,i paid fifty c5ts a load = ! 
manure1 &  two doll>s & fifty c5ts a day
 = ! haul+4      ,,ab\t ,,salt+4    ,i  
nev] f$ ! c[ any salt = heal? dur+ !    
summ]1 b %e kept  heal?y1 & ! butt]     
came4 ,9 ! fall1 ,i began fe$+ h] ! h\se
  slops1 night & morn+1 & :5 %e did n   
eat !m freely ,i put a  little salt 94  
,:5 ,i ?\ght %e 0 n eat+ h] fodd] up    
clean  en\gh1 ,i w\ld spr9kle on a      
little br9e ) an old broom4 ,i nev] f$  
salt = h] good1 b sometimes = m9e4 ,9 ! 
fall1 :5 ,i want$ h]  to eat up we$s    
be=e !y w5t to se$1 ,i us$ occasionally 

to spr9kle  ) br9e su* spots z ,i want$ 
eat5 (f closely4 ,i nev] c\ld make  my  
old lawn-m[] cut (f we$s any clos] ?an  
grass1 b ?is new  lawn-m[] w\ld eat ^!  
we$ pat*es to ! coll>s ( ! roots4    ,my
 c[ became us$ to ?is k9d ( life1 makes 
me no tr\ble1 has  furni%$ ! milk &     
butt] = our family ( f\r ! :ole ye>1 &  
"s butt] to s5d to my fri5ds1 & a little
 to sell4 ,i h fodd]  en\gh f my qu>t]  
acre to keep h] until grass is abundant1
 & h  "o doll> & tw5ty c5ts ( ! price ( 
my calf /ill on h&4    ,i might g on &  
tell y h[ ,i us$ to buy hay at a high   
price =  w9t]+ my c[1 & quantities (    
bran1 brew]s' gra9s & corn-meal2  h[ !  
hay always made h] co/ive & hide-b\nd1 &
 h[ %e nev]  ate x ) half ! reli% :i* %e
 does ! corn fodd]2 h[ ,i f\nd  x an    
unladylike act to raise my foot & =ce ! 
g>d5 /ake into  ! gr\nd1 & s contriv$ a 
small] iron t ,i c\ld m gracefully      
plant1 & t no unruly c[ ev] c\ld pull   
up2 h[ ) ?is new /ake  ,i c safely leave
 h] on ! lawn all night ) ! fulle/      

confid5ce  ( f9d+ h] 9 ! morn+ j :]e ,i 
left h]1 h[ :5 at fir/  ! c[ got loose &
 w&]$ to ! g>d51 ,i discov]$ t ! ta/e  (
 ! butt] 0 disagreeably affect$ by h]   
eat+ c]ta9 h]bs1 &  h[ x 0 v pleasantly 
flavor$ by o!rs2 h[ ,i am cultivat+ ^!  
h]bs to make ! sweete/ & mo/ gold5      
butt]2 h[--b de> me6 = a  "o-c[ /ory x  
is already too long4    ,illu/ration3   
,fig4 #bc4--,,! ,,j]sey ,,c[ 8,,abbie40 
,,und]dra9+ ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,manure4     
,,by ,h4 ,h4 ,,hall1 ,,new ,,orleans1   
,,la4      ,let u locate "o acre ( l& on
 ! ?irty-eigh? degree ( nor?  latitude1 
midway across ! cont95t1 say ne> ! ,city
 ( ,/4 ,l\is4  ,:ile "u ! int5sive sy/em
 ( cultivation :i* w be pursu$1  less l&
 ?an "o acre w ultimately be f\nd       
suffici5t to supply  ! wants ( "o c[1 x 
w\ld n be advisable to beg9 ) a less    
quantity4 ,t "o acre is suffici5t is    
oppos$ to ! g5]al op9ion1  z witness !  
ass]tion ( ,mr4 ,s*ull1 ( ,little       
,falls1 ,n4 ,y41 t  ! l& 9 pa/urage &   
hay1 requisite = ! support ( "o c[1  is 

?ree acres1 & ?is accords ) ! e/imate ( 
,mr4 ,c>r+ton  = mod]ately good dairy   
f>ms 9 ,engl&4 ,colman says3 ,?ree acres
  are requir$ = a c[ 9 ,b]k%ire ,co41   
,mass4 ,mr4 ,f>r+ton1 9 !  ,report ( !  
,am]ican ,dairym5's ,association says1  
f\r2 :ile ,mr4 ,x4 ,a4  ,will>d ?9ks t 9
 ,h]kim] ,co41 ,n4 ,y41 "o & a half to  
two acres  w pa/ure "o c[1 & t 9 "s     
exceptional cases "o acre w  suffice4   
,true x is t ^! e/imates take into      
consid]ation grass & hay  solely1 & !   
treatm5t ( ! l& is presum$ to be t      
usually  pursu$1 viz43 scant all[ance ( 
manure1 abs5ce ( subsoil dra9age1  &    
consequ5tly %all[ cultivation4    ,b    
high manur+ & deep cultivation are      
indisp5sable 9 view1 viz43  ! obta9+ !  
greate/ quantity ( dairy food f ! lea/  
l&4  ,& high cultivation1 imply+ dep? ( 
soil1 til?1 porosity &  a]ation is      
impossible )\t subsoil dra9age2 nor 9   
its abs5ce does  manure produce its be/ 
effects4 ,x is =eign to ! purpose ( ?is 
article to elucidate ! action ( tile    

dra9+ ^u crops & soil4  ,! la/+ & great 
b5efit ( ! sy/em is1 to-day1 a matt] (  
su*  pla9 fact1 t no intellig5t         
agriculturi/ w "q x4    ,!re=e we beg9  
by select+ an acre ( l& :i* af=ds ! be/ 
facilities = lay+ tile-dra9age pipes4   
,an easy slope ) a good1  op5 outlet    
into dit*1 run1 or gul*1 is all t is    
requir$4 ,!  advantages ( a sunny       
exposure are s obvi\s t1 if possible1 we
  %\ld *oose l& :i* tr5ds to ! s\? &    
ea/4 ,! tile-dra9+  ( "o acre w         
necessitate an outlay ( ab\t tw5ty-five 
doll>s2 b  ?is exp5diture is            
indisp5sable to ! obta9+ ( ! be/        
results4      ,,! ,,dung ,,heap4        
,truly did ! ,g]man agriculturi/1       
,s*w]z1 9 see+ ! f]tile  /reamlets ooz+ 
& trickl+ away f ! expos$ manure piles (
  8 op9ionat$ c\ntrym51 d5om9ate ! dung 
heap ! 8,f\nta9head  ( ,b5$iction40     
,?is1 l o!r bless+s1 may b too readily  
be  p]v]t$ 9 its uses4    ,impress$ ) ! 
necessity ( husb&+ e "p & portion ( ?is 
sub/ratum ( good agriculture1 we *oose  

betwe5 two di/9ct me?ods  ( sav+ &      
utiliz+ ! fluid & solid dejecta1 viz43 !
 dry &  wet4 ,9 ! =m] ! dejecta are     
comm+l$ ) su* absorb5ts z  dry e>?1     
leaves1 /raw1 sawdu/1 etc42 9 ! latt]1  
!y are receiv$  9 a tank :]e !y are mix$
 ) suffici5t wat] to /ay loss by too    
rapid f]m5tation4 ,! application ( !    
manure "u ei!r me?od is  respectively 9 
its dry or 9 its liquid condition4      
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4--;,a ,,c[      
,,/able ,,) ,,manure ,,cell>4    ,if !  
dry or absorb5t me?od be adopt$1 x w be 
f\nd advantage\s  to locate ! /able on a
 little declivity1 s z to secure a      
manure  cell> ) ! lea/ excavation4      
,?us1 9 fig4 #bd1 ,c repres5ts a manure 
cell> "u ! c[1 ) a  door at ,k = removal
 ( manure4 ,! floor & walls1 to a hight 
(  two feet1 ( ?is cell> %\ld be cem5t$4
 ,! floor1 on :i* ! c[  /&s1 %\ld be (  
two-in* oak plank1 ) a gutt] beh9d1 & a 
trap  to empty ! cont5ts ( ! gutt] into 
! cell>4 ,on level tracts  ( gr\nd !    
,flemi% /able1 z us$ 9 p>ts ( !         

,brabant1 & z  describ$ 9 ! foll[+ plan 
fig4 #be1 by ,felix ,vill]oy 7,manuel de
  l',eleveur de ,btes1  ,comes1 #f ,ed41
 p4 #fc71 c\ld be advantage\sly us$  =  
"o c[4 ,9 figure #be1 ,a is ! place :]e 
! c[ /&s2 ,b1  ,passage = di/ribut+     
food1 etc42 ,c1 ,depression :]e ! manure
 is  all[$ to accumulate beh9d ! c[2 ,d1
 ,cell> = roots2 ,e1 ,hay  l(t4    ,9   
?is plan ! floor ,a & ,c w\ld require to
 be f9i%$ 9 brick  & cem5t1 or concrete4
    ,! w>m? ( ! /able might1 at times1  
develop a too rapid  f]m5tation ( !     
manure4 ,?is w\ld be *eck$ by work+ !   
pile &  by =k+ x ov]4    ,illu/ration3  
,fig4 #be4--,,sectional ,,view ,,(      
,,/able4    ,b to secure p]fect         
cleanl9ess1 purity ( air1 & fre$om ( !  
hay /or$ above f ! odors ( f]m5tation   
go+ on 9 ! dung  heap1 ! manure w\ld be 
bett] plac$ outside ( ! /able walls1 z  
sugge/$ 9 figure #bf 7see next page74   
,! bottom ( ! manure b9 is only         
tw5ty-f\r in*es bel[ !  surface1 z on   
level gr\nd ! labor ( rais+ ! manure f a

 deep  cell> w\ld be disproportionate to
 ! advantages ( ! dep?4 ,!  floor ( !   
/all %\ld be laid 9 brick & cem5t1 or 9 
concrete1  z %\ld be ! floor & l[] walls
 ( ! manure b94 ,! floor  ( ! /all %\ld 
be kept cov]$ ) dry e>?1 leaves1 sawdu/1
  or sp5t tan-b>k2 & ! bottom ( ! b9    
%\ld be cov]$ to !  dep? ( sev]al in*es1
 ) simil> absorb5ts4 ,9 ! abs5ce (  ^!  
to-be-pref]r$ mat]ials1 we$s1 /raw1 or  
o!r dry vegetable  refuse1 may be us$4  
,) ! gutt] suffici5tly incl9$1 !        
excessive  ur9e w ( itself fl[ readily  
to ! b92 ! solid matt] %\ld  be remov$  
twice daily1 j be=e ! c[ is milk$4 ,!   
gutt]  %\ld be wa%$ d[n ) a pail ( wat] 
daily1 & spr9kl$ )  gypsum 7sulphate (  
lime74 ,! manure pile1 z x increases1   
%\ld be  con/antly comm+l$ ) fre%       
absorb5ts4 ,?is is mo/ readily &        
economically done by bait+ a pig ) a    
h&ful ( maize ca/ on !  manure 9 ! b94  
,! lu/y pork] w g to ! bottom ( ! pile1 
if ne$ be1 = ea* gra91 & by 8 en]getic  
root+ & trampl+1  w daily incorporate ! 

mat]ials 9 ! mo/ ?or\gh mann]4          
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4--,,plan ,,(    
,,/able ,,) ,,ci/]n ,,& ,,manure ,,b94  
,on page #bfj ( ,b\ss+ault's ,rural     
,economy 7,law's translation7 are "s  v 
urg5t w>n+s aga9/ ! frequ5t turn+ ( dung
 heaps4 ,8  objection1 ,mr4 ,law ?9ks1  
%\ld be limit$ to m ?an ?ree turn+s  ( !
 dung4 ,b ?is objection & limitation    
apply to horse manure1 !  m active      
f]m5tation ( :i* rapidly develops !     
highly volatile  salt kn[n z c>bonate ( 
ammonia4 ,!re c h>dly be too ?or\gh a   
work+ toge!r ( c[-manure1 ) its organic 
absorb5ts1 p>ticul>ly  :5 ! work+ is    
accompani$ by ! compact+ tread (        
animals4    ,! pile %\ld be wat*$1 & !  
slighte/ p]ception ( ! pung5t           
ammoniacal odor %\ld be ! signal = m    
absorb5ts1 be>+ 9 m9d  t all organic    
matt] ?us compo/$ becomes a valuable    
f]tiliz]1  & rememb]+ t no?+ %\ld be    
left undone to increase to !  greate/   
ext5t possible ! s\rce ( y\r anticipat$ 
bless+s4    ,! manure b9 %\ld1 ( c\rse1 

be s cov]$ z to exclude ra9 &  sun%9e4  
,if ! liquid or dilute me?od be employ$1
 9 place ( ! manure b9 9  ! plan1 x w be
 necess>y to con/ruct an und]gr\nd      
cem5t$ tank  or ci/]n1 say ( a dep? (   
eight feet & diamet] ( six to sev5  feet
 at ! bottom4 ,?is tank mu/ be provid$ )
 a pump = rais+  ! fluid1 ! tube ( :i*  
%\ld t]m9ate 9 a /ra9] at ab\t  twelve  
in*es f ! bottom ( ! tank4 ,an op5+ %\ld
 be left 9  ! top ( ! ci/]n =           
inspection1 & = ! ins]tion ( a prop]    
implem5t to /ir ! s$im5t4 ,! pump %\ld  
rise suffici5tly high to  p]mit ! pump+ 
( ! fluid directly into a tank on :eels 
us$ =  ! di/ribution !re( 9 ! fields4 ,a
 condemn$ wat]+ c>t1 :i*  c\ld probably 
be pur*as$ *eaply1 w\ld be an excell5t  
in/rum5t =  ?is di/ribution4 ,sulphate (
 iron1 gre5 vitriol1 %\ld be freely us$ 
to *ange ! c>bonate ( ammonia into !    
sulphate1 !reby obta9+ a  fix$1 in/ead (
 a highly volatile salt4    ,illu/ration
          ,,keep+ ,a ,,c[ ,,9 ,a        
,,village ,,/able4    ,,by ,,orange     

,,judd1 ,,flu%+1 ,l4 ,i4      ,a bus9ess
 man ( ,new ,york1 liv+ 9 "o ( !        
neighbor+ villages1  be+ tr\bl$ to get  
good milk = "y *ildr5 9 8 family1 took  
our advice ! latt] "p ( ! w9t] &1 s to  
speak1 w5t into !  dairy bus9ess on 8   
own acc\nt4 ,! result w be in/ructive to
  t5s ( ?\s&s ( families 9 cities &     
villages4 ,he has no pa/ure  gr\nds1 !  
only conv5i5ce be+ a roomy /all 9 a     
c>riage b>n1  ) opportunity = ! c[ to   
sun h]self & take limit$ ex]cise 9  a   
small area1 say fifte5 by tw5ty feet1 at
 ! side ( ! b>n1 &  ?is 0 seldom us$4 ,!
 /all is kept clean & neat1 ) fre% /raw 
litt]1 & ! c[ has rema9$ 9 excell5t     
heal? & vigor4 ,*ew+  h] cud &          
manufactur+ milk seem to give all !     
ex]cise ne$$4 ,h]  fe$ has be5 bale hay1
 cut 9 a small hay-cutt]1 & mix$ wet )  
corn-meal1 bran1 & %orts1 ) "s uncook$  
potato p>+s1 cabbage  leaves1 left ov]  
rice1 oatmeal1 etc41 f ! kit*54    ,a   
labor] is paid "o doll> a week to milk &
 fe$ & bru% h] night  & morn+1 & take   

c>e ( ! /able1 & he is all[$ any excess 
( milk %e gives ov] twelve qu>ts a day4 
,he prep>es a mess = h]  noon fe$1 :i*  
is giv5 by "o ( ! boys at s*ool :5 he   
comes  home to lun*4 ,! c[ is a grade1  
probably ?ree-f\r?s ,j]sey &  "o-f\r?   
common blood4 ,h] milk is ri*1 yields   
abundant cream1 &1 z  ! own]'s family   
say1 8,is wor? fully d\ble any milk we  
ev] got f  ! be/ milk deal]s40 ,"o      
neighbor+ family gladly takes six qu>ts 
a day at sev5 c5ts a qu>t1 & w\ld       
will+ly pay mu* m if x  7 ask$1 & o!r   
families w\ld be happy to get "s ( x at 
t5  c5ts a qu>t2 b six qu>ts are kept = 
home use1 & x is valu$ f>  above sev5   
c5ts a qu>t1 & wor? m ?an t am\nt 9 !   
sav+  ( butt] 9 cook+1 mak+ pudd+s1 etc4
 ,s x is a v l[ e/imate  to call ! :ole 
milk wor? sev5 c5ts a qu>t4 ,no "o c\ld 
deprive  our bus9ess fri5d or 8 family (
 _! good1 home produc$ milk1 if  x co/  
t5 or twelve c5ts a qu>t4 ,an accurate  
acc\nt is kept ( !  fe$2 ! man 9 *>ge   
ord]s at ! fe$ /ore any?+ he desires =  

! c[1 & x is all d[n on a 8pass-book40  
,"h are ! figures =  "o hundr$ days pa/3
      ,,! ,,c[',s ,,debit ,,& ,,cr$it   
,,= ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,days4               
,dr4          #hej lbs4 bale ,hay1 at   
#bb p] ton                    #i4ce     
#a1jjj lbs4 ,corn ,meal1 at #a4ce p]    
#ajj lbs             #ac4ej        #djj 
lbs4 ,bran1 at #a4cj p] #ajj lbs        
#e4bj        #bjj lbs4 ,f9e ,fe$1       
8,%orts10 at #a4ee p] #ajj lbs    #c4aj 
#bj bundles ( b$d+ ,/raw1 at #aj;c4     
#b4jj            ,paid man = c>e &      
milk+1 #a p] week       #ad4cj          
------                 ,total exp5ses = 
#ajj days                #dg4de         
,cr4        #a1bjj ,qu>ts ( be/ milk    
7#ab qu>ts p] day7 at #g;c4  #hd4jj     
------                 ,money pr(it 9   
#ajj days                   #cf4ee      
,or1 to put x 9 ano!r way1 ! six hundr$ 
qu>ts sold actually  br\ght 9 =ty-two   
doll>s ca%1 & ! entire six hundr$ qu>ts 
us$ at home co/ five doll>s & =ty-five  
c5ts4 ,! c[ co/1 say1  sixty-five       

doll>s4 ,! entire c>e1 :i* 0 n paid 9 ! 
surplus  ( milk above twelve qu>ts p]   
day1 is *>g$ 9 ! exp5ses above4  ,!     
manure produc$1 if sold1 w\ld m ?an meet
 int]e/ on ! co/  ( c[1 & any           
depreciation 9 value by increas+ age4   
,all[ ! above  av]age to be kept up only
 two hundr$ days 9 a ye>1 & at ! end (  
t "t suppose ! c[ is sold = half price  
7?irty-two doll>s &  fifty c5ts71 & a   
fre% "o sub/itut$1 !re w\ld /ill be a   
ga9  ( =ty doll>s & sixty c5ts = two    
hundr$ days1 or = a ye> a  pr(it (      
sev5ty-f\r doll>s & t5 c5ts4    ,) good 
fe$ ! sixty-five doll> c[ w keep up a   
full supply (  milk at lea/ tw5ty-six   
weeks1 & !n be wor? =ty doll>s =        
cont9u$ milk+ & bre$+4 ,sell h] !n & buy
 ano!r fre%  c[ = sixty-five doll>s--a  
loss ( fifty doll>s a ye>4 ,! above     
lib]al all[ance ( =ty-sev5 doll>s &     
=ty-five c5ts = fe$  & c>e "o hundr$    
days1 am\nts to "o hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree 
doll>s & n9ete5 c5ts a ye>4 ,add+ ! loss
 ( fifty doll>s =  pur*as+ two fre% c[s1

 makes ! total annual exp5se two hundr$ 
& tw5ty-?ree doll>s & n9ete5 c5ts4 ,?is 
w\ld make ! supply  ( milk1 twelve qu>ts
 a day 7f\r ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & eighty   
qu>ts71 co/ ab\t five c5ts a qu>t1 or n 
q fifty-"o c5ts =  t5 qu>ts4 ,?is is n  
an exagg]at$ e/imate = a sixty-five     
doll>  c[1 r5ew$ e tw5ty-six weeks4 ,!  
fe$ & c>e may be v mu*  less ?an ! above
 =ty-sev5 doll>s & =ty-five c5ts p]     
hundr$  days1 by sav+ all wa/e foods    
suitable = a c[1 & by secur+  pa/urage  
sev5 or eight mon?s1 & especially :5 a  
c[ c be c>$  = by memb]s ( ! family1 ?us
 sav+ fifty-two doll>s a ye>4  ,tak+ !  
c\ntry z a :ole1 probably fifty doll>s w
 ord9>ily buy  a c[ t w1 on fair fe$1   
av]age t5 to twelve qu>ts p] day =  !   
fir/ six mon?s aft] calv+4              
,,portraits ,,( ,,fam\s ,,dairy ,,c[s4  
,i4--,j]sey ,c[ 8,eurotas10 #bded       
7,frontispiece71 own$ by ,a4 ,b4 ,d>l+1 
,ramsey's1 ,n4 ,j4 ,%e yield$ dur+ "o   
week 9 ,june1 #ahgi1 tw5ty-two  p\nds   
six ounces ( butt]4    ,,ii4--,ayr%ire  

c[ 8,old ,cream]0 7page #bc71 own$ by   
,s4 ,d4 ,hung]=d1  ,adams1 ,n4 ,y4      
,weight "o ?\s& & eighty p\nds4 ,%e has 
yield$ "o  hundr$ & two-?ird p\nds a day
 = ?ree days1 & n9ety-f\r p\nds  a day =
 ! mon?4    ,,iii4--,j]sey c[           
8,rosalee10 #abae 7page #cd71 own$ by   
,s4 ,g4 ,liv]more1  ,c$> ,rapids1 ,i[a4 
,%e has giv5 tw5ty qu>ts ( milk a day4  
,9 t5  days 9 ,june1 #ahgd1 %e made     
tw5ty-five p\nds ?ree ounces ( butt]4   
,,iv4--,gu]nsey c[ & heif] 7page #ea71  
own$ by ,mr4 ,r5dle1 ( ,catel  ,p>i%1   
,isl& ( ,gu]nsey4    ,v4--,swiss c[     
8,g5eva0 7page #fg71 import$ by ,d4 ,g4 
,aldri*1 ( ,worce/]1  ,mass4 ,%e gave f 
,novemb] fir/1 #ahgg1 to ,decemb]       
?irty-fir/1 #ahgh1  t5 ?\s& n9e hundr$ &
 five p\nds ( milk1 :i* yield$ five     
hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree p\nds ( butt]4     
,,vi4--,dut* 7,hol/e97 c[ 8,cr[n        
,pr9cess0 7page #he71 import$ by ,g]rit 
,s4 ,mill]1 ( ,pet]boro'1 ,n4 ,y4 ,%e   
has yield$ ?irty-f\r qu>ts (  milk a    
day1 & av]ag$ tw5ty-?ree qu>ts a day =  

six mon?s4    ,,vii4--,%or?orn dairy c[ 
8,cold ,cream #d?0 7page #aja71 own$ by 
,h4 ,m4  ,que5 ,victoria4 ,%e is kept at
 ! ,%aw ,f>m1 ,w9dsor ,home ,p>k4       
,,viii4--,j]sey c[ 8,abbie0 7page #abc71
 own$ by ,mr4 ,h>vey ,newton1 (         
,s\?ville1 ,mass4 ,%e yield$ f ,april1  
#ahgf1 to ,m>*1 #ahgg1 t5  ?\s& sev5    
hundr$ p\nds ( milk1 f :i* f\r hundr$ & 
eighty-six p\nds ( butt] 7 made4