,,s*ill]',s ,,philosophical ,,lett]s4   
,by ,fr$]i* ,s*ill]    ,,cont5ts3       
,,prefatory ,,rem>ks     ,,!osophy ,,(  
,,julius     ,,on ,,! ,,connection      
,,betwe5 ,,! ,,animal ,,& ,,!           
,,spiritual ,,nature ,,9 ,,man          
,,physical ,,connection                 
,,philosophical ,,connection            
,,prefatory ,,rem>ks4   ,! reason       
passes1 l ! he>t1 ?r\gh c]ta9 epo*s &   
transitions1 b its developm5t is n s (t5
 portray$4 ,m5 seem to h be5 satisfi$ ) 
unfold+ ! passions 9 _! extremes1 _!    
ab]ration1 & _! results1 )\t consid]+ h[
 closely !y are b\nd up ) ! intellectual
 con/itution ( ! individual4 ,deg5]acy 9
 morals roots 9 a "o-sid$ & wav]+       
philosophy1 d\bly dang]\s1 because x    
bl9ds ! becl\d$ intellect ) an appe>ance
 ( correctness1 tru?1 & conviction1 :i* 
places x less "u ! re/ra9+ influ5ce (   
man's in/9ctive moral s5se4 ,on ! o!r   
h&1 an enlight5$ und]/&+ ennobles !     
feel+s1--! he>t mu/ be =m$ by ! head4   
,! pres5t age has witness$ an           

extraord9>y increase ( a ?9k+ public1 by
 ! facilities af=d$ to ! diffusion (    
read+2 ! =m] happy resignation to       
ignorance beg9s to make way = a /ate (  
half-enlight5m5t1 & few p]sons are will+
 to rema9 9 ! condition 9 :i* _! bir?   
has plac$ !n4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x may 
n be unpr(itable to call att5tion to    
c]ta9 p]iods ( ! awak5+ & progress ( !  
reason1 to place 9 _! prop] light c]ta9 
tru?s & errors1 closely connect$ )      
morals1 & calculat$ to be a s\rce (     
happ9ess or mis]y1 &1 at all ev5ts1 to  
po9t out ! hidd5 %oals on :i* ! reason (
 man has s (t5 suff]$ %ipwreck4 ,r>ely d
 we arrive at ! summit ( tru? )\t runn+ 
into extremes2 we h frequ5tly to exhau/ 
! "p ( error1 & ev5 ( folly1 be=e we "w 
our way up to ! noble goal ( tranquil   
wisdom4  ,"s fri5ds1 inspir$ by an equal
 love ( tru? & moral beauty1 :o h arriv$
 at ! same conviction by diff]5t roads1 
& :o view ) s]5] eye ! gr\nd ov] :i* !y 
h travell$1 h ?\ght t x might be        
pr(itable to pres5t a few ( ^!          

resolutions & epo*s ( ?\ght4 ,!y propose
 to repres5t ^! & c]ta9 excesses ( !    
inquir+ reason 9 ! =m ( two "y m51 (    
unequal "*1 engag$ 9 epi/ol>y           
correspond5ce4 ,! foll[+ lett]s are !   
beg9n+ ( ?is essay4  ,! op9ions t are   
(f]$ 9 ^! lett]s c only be true & false 
relatively1 & 9 ! =m 9 :i* ! _w is      
mirror$ 9 ! s\l ( ! correspond5t1 & (   
him only4 ,b ! c\rse ( ! correspond5ce w
 %[ t ! "o-sid$1 (t5 exagg]at$ &        
contradictory op9ions at l5g? issue 9 a 
g5]al1 purifi$1 & well-e/abli%$ tru?4   
,scepticism & free-?9k+ are ! fev]i%    
p>oxysms ( ! human m9d1 & mu/ ne$s at   
l5g? confirm ! heal? ( well-organiz$    
s\ls by ! unnatural convulsion :i* !y   
occasion4 ,9 proportion to ! dazzl+ &   
s$uc+ nature ( error w be ! greatness ( 
! triumphs ( tru?3 ! dem& = conviction &
 firm belief w be /rong & press+ 9      
proportion to ! torm5t occasion$ by !   
pangs ( d\bt4 ,b d\bt 0 necess>y to     
elicit ^! errors2 ! k ( ! disease _h to 
prec$e its cure4 ,tru? suff]s no loss if

 a vehem5t y\? fails 9 f9d+ x1 9 ! same 
way t virtue & religion suff] no        
detrim5t if a crim9al d5ies !m4  ,x 0   
necess>y to (f] ^! prefatory rem>ks to  
?r[ a prop] light on ! po9t ( view f :i*
 ! foll[+ correspond5ce has to be read &
 judg$4     ,,lett] ,i4   ,julius to    
,raphael4                  ,octob]4  ,y 
are gone1 ,raphael--& ! beauty ( nature 
dep>ts3 ! s]e & yell[ leaves fall f !   
trees1 :ile a ?ick autumn fog hangs     
susp5d$ l a bi] ov] ! lifeless fields4  
,solit>y1 ,i w&] ?r\gh ! melan*oly      
c\ntry4 ,i call al\d y\r "n1 & am       
irritat$ t my ,raphael does n answ] me4 
,i _h receiv$ y\r la/ embrace4 ,!       
m\rnful s\nd ( ! c>riage :eels t bore y 
away _h at l5g? di$ ^u my e>4 ,9 happi] 
mom5ts ,i _h j succe$$ 9 rais+ a tumulus
 ov] ! joys ( ! pa/1 b n[ aga9 y /& up  
be=e me1 z y\r dep>t$ _s1 9 ^! regions1 
& y accompany me to ea* favorite haunt &
 pleasant walk4 ,^! rocks ,i h climb$ by
 y\r side3 by y\r side h my eyes w&]$   
ov] ?is imm5se l&scape4 ,9 ! d>k        

sanctu>y ( ?is bee*-grove we fir/       
conceiv$ ! bold ideal ( our fri5d%ip4 ,x
 0 "h t we unfold$ ! g5ealogical tree ( 
! s\l1 & t we f\nd t ,julius 0 s closely
 relat$ to ,raphael4 ,n a spr+1 n a     
?icket1 or a hill exi/s 9 ?is region :]e
 "s memory ( dep>t$ happ9ess does n come
 to de/roy my repose4 ,all ?+s comb9e to
 prev5t my recov]y4 ,:]ev] ,i g1 ,i     
repeat ! pa9ful sc5e ( our sep>ation4   
,:at h y done to me1 ,raphael8 ,:at am  
,i become8 ,man ( dang]\s p[]6 w\ld t ,i
 _h nev] kn[n or nev] lo/ y6 ,ha/5 back2
 come on ! w+s ( fri5d%ip1 or ! t5d]    
plant1 y\r nursl+1 %all h p]i%$4 ,h[    
c\ld y1 end[$ ) su* t5d] feel+s1 v5ture 
to leave ! "w y _h begun1 b /ill s      
incomplete4 ,! f\ndations t y\r pr\d    
wisdom tri$ to e/abli% 9 my bra9 & he>t 
are tott]+2 all ! spl5did palaces :i* y 
erect$ are crumbl+1 & ! worm cru%$ to   
e>? is wri?+ "u ! ru9s4  ,happy1 heav5ly
 "t1 :5 ,i grop$ ?r\gh life1 ) b&ag$    
eyes1 l a drunk5 man1--:5 all my k & my 
wi%es 7 conf9$ to ! n>r[ horizon ( my   

*ildhood's tea*+s6 ,bless$ "t1 :5 a     
*e]ful sunset rais$ no high] aspiration 
9 my s\l ?an ! wi% ( a f9e day on !     
morr[2 :5 no?+ rem9d$ me ( ! _w save !  
newspap]2 no?+ spoke ( et]nity save !   
pass+ bell2 only gho/-/ories br\ght to  
m9d ! ?\ght ( dea? & judgm5t2 :5 ,i     
trembl$ at ! ?\ght ( ! devil1 & 0       
proportionately drawn to ! ,godhead6 ,i 
felt & 0 happy4 ,raphael has taught me  
to ?9k ,i am on ! way to regret t ,i 0  
ev] creat$4  ,creation8 ,no1 t is only a
 s\nd lack+ all mean+1 :i* my reason _c 
receive4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ,i knew no?+1 :5
 no "o knew me3 accord+ly1 x is usual to
 say1 ,i 0 n4 ,t "t is pa/3 !re=e x is  
usual to say t ,i 0 creat$4 ,b also ( ! 
millions :o exi/$ c5turies ago no?+ m is
 n[ kn[n1 & yet m5 are wont to say1 !y  
are4 ,on :at d we f\nd ! "r to grant !  
beg9n+ & to d5y ! end8 ,x is assum$ t ! 
cessation ( ?9k+ be+s contradicts       
,inf9ite ,goodness4 ,did1 !n1 ,inf9ite  
,goodness cone fir/ into be+ at !       
creation ( ! _w8 ,if !re 0 a p]iod :5   

!re 7 no spirits1 ,inf9ite ,goodness mu/
 h be5 imp]ative = a :ole et]nity4 ,if !
 fabric ( ! univ]se is a p]fection ( !  
,creator1 ,he1 !re=e1 lack$ a p]fection 
be=e ! creation ( ! _w4 ,b an assumption
 l ?is contradicts ! idea ( p]fect      
goodness1 !re=e !re is no creation4 ,to 
:at h ,i arriv$1 ,raphael8 ,t]rible     
fallacy ( my conclusions6 ,i give up !  
,creator z soon z ,i believe 9 a ,god4  
,:]e=e d ,i require a ,god1 if ,i       
suffice )\t ! ,creator8  ,y h robb$ me (
 ! ?\ght t gave me peace4 ,y h taught me
 to despise :]e ,i pray$ be=e4 ,a ?\s&  
?+s 7 v5]able 9 my sight till y\r dismal
 wisdom /ripp$ (f ! veil f !m4 ,i saw a 
cr[d ( p /ream+ to *ur*1 ,i he>d _!     
en?usia/ic devotion p\r$ =? 9 a common  
act ( pray] & praise2 twice did ,i /&   
beside a dea?b$1 & saw--wond]ful p[] (  
religion6--! hope ( heav5 triumphant ov]
 ! t]ror ( annihilation1 & ! s]5e light 
( joy beam+ f ! eyes ( ^? dep>t+4       
,surely t doctr9e mu/ be div9e1 ,i      
exclaim$1 :i* is ackn[l$g$ by ! be/     

among m51 :i* triumphs & com=ts s       
wondr\sly6 ,y\r cold-blood$ wisdom      
ext+ui%$ my en?usiasm4 ,y affirm$ t an  
equal numb] ( devotees /ream$ =m]ly r\nd
 ! ,irm5saeule & to ,jupit]'s temple2 an
 equal numb] ( vot>ies1 ) l exultation1 
asc5d$ ! /ake k9dl$ 9 honor ( ,brahma4  
,c ! v feel+1 y add$1 :i* y f\nd s      
dete/able 9 hea!nism prove ! tru? ( y\r 
doctr9e8  ,y proce$$ to say3 ,tru/ no?+ 
b y\r own reason4 ,!re is no?+ holy1    
save tru?4 ,i h obey$ y3 ,i h sacrific$ 
all my op9ions1 ,i h set fire to all my 
%ips :5 ,i l&$ on ?is isl&1 & ,i h      
de/roy$ all my hopes ( return4 ,nev] c  
,i become reconcil$ to a doctr9e :i* ,i 
joyfully welcom$ once4 ,my reason is n[ 
all to me--my only w>rant = ,god1       
virtue1 & immortality4 ,woe to me if ,i 
cat* ?is1 my only witness1 9 a          
contradiction6 if my e/eem = its        
conclusions dim9i%es6 if a brok5 vessel 
9 my bra9 div]ts its action6 ,my        
happ9ess is h5ce=? intru/$ to ! h>moni\s
 action ( my s5sorium3 woe to me if !   

/r+s ( ?is in/rum5t give a false note 9 
! critical mom5ts ( my life--if my      
convictions v>y ) my pulsations6        
,,lett] ,,ii4   ,julius to ,raphael4    
,y\r doctr9e has flatt]$ my pride4 ,i 0 
a prison]3 y h l$ me out into !         
daylight2 ! gold5 %imm] & ! measureless 
vault h enraptur$ my eye4 ,=m]ly1 ,i 0  
satisfi$ ) ! mode/ reputation ( be+ a   
good son ( my fa!r's h\se1 a fri5d ( my 
fri5ds1 a useful memb] ( society4 ,y h  
*ang$ me into a citiz5 ( ! univ]se4 ,at 
t "t my wi%es _h n aspir$ to infr+e on !
 rights ( ! great3 ,i tol]at$ ^! =tunate
 p because begg>s tol]at$ me4 ,i did n  
blu% to envy a "p ( ! human race1       
because !re 0 a /ill l>g] "p ( humanity 
t ,i 0 oblig$ to pity4 ,meet+ y1 ,i     
le>n$ = ! fir/ "t t my claims on        
enjoym5t 7 z well f\nd$ z ^? ( my       
bre?r54 ,n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 ,i le>n$ t1   
rais$ "o /ratum above ?is atmosph]e1 ,i 
weigh$ j z mu* & z little z ! rul]s (   
?is _w4 ,raphael sev]$ all bonds (      
agreem5t & ( op9ion4 ,i felt myself q   

free2 = reason1 z ,raphael decl>$1 is ! 
only mon>*y 9 ! _w ( spirits1 & ,i c>ri$
 my imp]ial ?rone 9 my bra94 ,all ?+s 9 
heav5 & e>? h no value1 no e/imation1   
except t :i* my reason grants !m4 ,!    
:ole creation is m9e1 = ,i possess an   
irresi/ible omnipot5ce1 & am emp[]$ to  
enjoy x fully4 ,all spirits--"o degree  
bel[ ! mo/ p]fect ,_s--are my bre?r51   
because we all obey "o rule1 & d homage 
to "o supremacy4  ,h[ magnific5t &      
sublime ?is ann\ncem5t s\nds6 ,:at a    
field = my ?ir/ ( k6 ,b--unlucky        
contradiction ( nature--?is free & so>+ 
_s is wov5 toge!r ) ! rigid1 immovable  
clockwork ( a mortal body1 mix$ up ) its
 little necessities1 & yok$ to its      
fate--?is god is bani%$ into a _w (     
worms4 ,! imm5se space ( nature is op5$ 
to 8 rese>*1 b he _c ?9k two ideas at ! 
same "t4 ,) 8 eyes he rea*es up to !    
sunny focus ( ! ,godhead1 b he himself  
is oblig$ to creep aft] ,him sl[ly &    
we>ily ?r\gh ! elem5ts ( "t4 ,to absorb 
"o enjoym5t he mu/ give up all o!rs3 two

 unlimit$ desires are too great = 8     
little he>t4 ,e fre% joy co/s him ! sum 
( all previ\s joys4 ,! pres5t mom5t is !
 sepul*re ( all t w5t be=e x4 ,an       
idyllic h\r ( love is an int]mitt5t     
pulsation ( fri5d%ip4  ,:]ev] ,i look1  
,raphael1 h[ limit$ man appe>s6 ,h[     
great ! di/ance betwe5 8 aims & _!      
fulfilm5t6--yet d n begrudge him 8 soo?+
 slumb]4 ,wake him n6 ,he 0 s happy be=e
 he began to inquire :i!r he 0 to g &   
:5ce he came6 ,reason is a tor* 9 a     
prison4 ,! prison] knew no?+ ( ! light1 
b a dream ( fre$om appe>$ ov] him l a   
fla% 9 ! night :i* leaves ! d>kness     
deep] ?an be=e4 ,our philosophy is !    
unhappy curiosity ( ,o$ipus1 :o did n   
cease to inquire till ! dreadful oracle 
0 unravell$4 ,maye/ ?\ nev] le>n :o ?\  
art6  ,does y\r wisdom replace :at x has
 set aside8 ,if y _h no key to op5      
heav51 :y did y lead me away f e>?8 ,if 
y knew be=eh& t ! way to wisdom leads   
?r\gh ! frightful abyss ( d\bt1 :y did y
 v5ture ! innoc5ce ( y\r fri5d ,julius  

on ?is desp]ate ?r[8--     ,if to !     
good1 :i* ,i propose to d1    ,some?+ v 
bad bord]s f> too ne>1    ,i pref] n to 
d ?is good4  ,y h pull$ d[n a %elt] t 0 
inhabit$1 & f\nd$ a spl5did b lifeless  
palace on ! spot4  ,raphael1 ,i claim my
 s\l f y6 ,i am unhappy4 ,my c\rage is  
gone4 ,i despair ( my own /r5g?4 ,write 
to me soon6--y\r heal+ h& alone c p\r   
balm on my burn+ w\nds4     ,,lett]     
,,iii4   ,raphael to ,julius4  ,julius1 
happ9ess su* z ours1 if unbrok51 w\ld be
 too mu* = human lot4 ,?is ?\ght (t5    
haunt$ me ev5 9 ! full enjoym5t ( our   
fri5d%ip4 ,?is ?\ght1 !n d>k5+ our      
happ9ess1 0 a salut>y =eta/e1 int5d$ to 
mitigate ! pa9 ( my pres5t position4    
,h>d5$ 9 ! /]n s*ool ( resignation1 ,i  
am /ill m susceptible ( ! com=t ( see+ 9
 our sep>ation a slight sacrifice ^:    
m]it may w9 f fate ! rew>d ( our future 
reunion4 ,y did n yet "k :at privation  
04 ,y suff] = ! fir/ "t4  ,& yet x is   
p]haps an advantage = y t ,i h be5 torn 
f y exactly at ?is "t4 ,y h to endure a 

malady1 f :i* y c only p]fectly recov]  
by y\r own en]gy1 s z n to suff] a      
relapse4 ,! m des]t$ y feel1 ! m y w /ir
 up all heal+ p[] 9 y\rself1 & 9        
proportion z y d]ive little or no b5efit
 f tempor>y & deceptive palliatives1 ! m
 c]ta9ly w y succe$ 9 eradicat+ ! evil  
fundam5tally4  ,i d n rep5t t ,i r\s$ y 
f y\r dream1 ?\gh y\r pres5t position is
 pa9ful4 ,i h done no?+ m ?an ha/5 a    
crisis1 :i* e s\l l y\rs has soon] or   
lat] to pass ?r\gh1 & :]e ! ess5tial ?+ 
is1 at :at "t ( life x is endur$4 ,!re  
are times & seasons :5 x is t]rible to  
d\bt tru? & virtue4 ,woe to ! man :o has
 to fight ?r\gh ! quibbles ( a          
self-suffici5t reason :ile he is imm]s$ 
9 ! /orms ( ! passions4 ,i h felt 9 its 
fulness all t is express$ by ?is1 &1 to 
pres]ve y f simil> tr\bles ,i c\ld      
devise no means b to w>d (f ! pe/il5ce  
by timely inoculation4  ,nor c\ld ,i1 my
 de> ,julius1 *oose a m propiti\s "t8 ,i
 met y 9 ! full & glori\s bloom ( y\?ful
 intellig5ce & bodily vigor1 be=e y _h  

be5 oppress$ by c>e or en*a9$ by        
passion2 fully prep>$1 9 y\r fre$om &   
/r5g?1 to /& ! great fight1 ( :i* a     
sublime tranquillity1 produc$ by        
conviction1 is ! prize4 ,tru? & error _h
 n yet be5 int]wov5 ) y\r int]e/s4 ,y\r 
enjoym5ts & virtues 7 indep5d5t ( bo?4  
,y requir$ no images ( t]ror to te> y f 
l[ dissipation4 ,! feel+ = nobl] joys _h
 made ^! odi\s to y4 ,y 7 good f in/9ct 
& f unconsecrat$ moral grace4 ,i _h no?+
 to fe> = y\r morality1 if a build+     
crumbl$ d[n on :i* x 0 n f\nd$4 ,nor d  
y\r anxieties al>m me1 ?\gh y may       
conjure up _m d>k anticipations 9 y\r   
melan*oly mood4 ,i "k y bett]1 ,julius6 
,y are ungrateful1 too6 ,y despise !    
reason1 & =get :at joys x has procur$ y4
 ,?\gh y might h escap$ ! dang]s ( d\bt 
all y\r life1 /ill x 0 my duty n to     
deprive y ( ! pleasures :i* y 7 capable 
( enjoy+4 ,! height at :i* y 7 0 n wor?y
 ( y4 ,! way up :i* y climb$ gave y     
comp5sation = all ( :i* ,i depriv$ y4 ,i
 /ill recall ! delight--) :at delight y 

bless$ ! mom5t :5 ! b&age dropp$ f y\r  
eyes6 ,! w>m? ) :i* y grasp$ ! tru?     
possibly may h l$ y\r all-dev\r+        
imag9ation to an abyss at sight ( :i* y 
draw back %udd]+4  ,i mu/ foll[ ! c\rse 
( y\r inquiries to discov] ! s\rces (   
y\r compla9ts4 ,y h writt5 d[n ! results
 ( y\r ?\ghts3 s5d me ^! pap]s & !n ,i w
 answ] y4     ,,lett] ,,iv4   ,julius to
 ,raphael4  ,i h be5 look+ ov] my pap]s 
?is morn+4 ,among !m ,i h f\nd a lo/    
memor&um writt5 d[n 9 ^? happy h\rs :5  
,i 0 inspir$ ) a pr\d en?usiasm4 ,b on  
look+ ov] x h[ diff]5t seem all ! ?+s   
treat$ (6 ,my =m] views look l ! gloomy 
bo>d+ ( a playh\se :5 ! lights h be5    
remov$4 ,my he>t s\ght a philosophy1 &  
imag9ation sub/itut$ h] dreams4 ,i took 
! w>me/ = ! true/ color+4  ,i seek = !  
laws ( spirits--,i so> up to ! inf9ite1 
b ,i =get to prove t !y really exi/4 ,a 
bold attack ( mat]ialism ov]?r[s my     
creation4  ,y w read ?r\gh ?is fragm5t1 
my de> ,raphael4 ,w\ld t y c\ld succe$ 9
 k9dl+ once aga9 ! ext9ct flames ( my   

en?usiasm1 to reconcile me aga9 to my   
g5ius6 b my pride has sunk s l[ t ev5   
,raphael's fri5dly h& c h>dly raise me  
up aga94    ,,!osophy ,,( ,,julilts4    
,,! ,,_w ,,& ,,! ,,?9k+ ,,be+4  ,!      
univ]se is a ?\ght ( ,god4 ,aft] ?is    
ideal ?\ght-fabric pass$ out into       
reality1 & ! new-born _w fulfill$ ! plan
 ( its ,creator--p]mit me to use ?is    
human simile--! fir/ duty ( all ?9k+    
be+s has be5 to retrace ! orig9al design
 9 ?is great reality2 to f9d ! pr9ciple 
9 ! me*anism1 ! unity 9 ! comp\nd1 ! law
 9 ! ph5om5on1 & to pass back f !       
/ructure to its primitive f\ndation4    
,accord+ly to me !re is only "o         
appe>ance 9 nature--! ?9k+ be+4 ,! great
 comp\nd call$ ! _w is only rem>kable to
 me because x is pres5t to %ad[ =?      
symbolically ! manifold expressions ( t 
be+4 ,all 9 me & out ( me is only !     
hi]oglyph ( a p[] :i* is l to me4 ,!    
laws ( nature are ! cyph]s :i* ! ?9k+   
m9d adds on to make itself und]/&able to
 intellig5ce--! alphabet by means ( :i* 

all spirits communicate ) ! mo/ p]fect  
,_s & ) "o ano!r4 ,h>mony1 tru?1 ord]1  
beauty1 excell5ce1 give me joy1 because 
!y transport me into ! active /ate ( _! 
au?or1 ( _! possessor1 because !y betray
 ! pres5ce ( a rational & feel+ ,be+1 & 
let me p]ceive my relation%ip ) t ,be+4 
,a new exp]i5ce 9 ?is k+dom ( tru?3     
gravitation1 ! circulation ( ! blood1 ! 
natural sy/em ( ,l9naeus1 correspond    
ess5tially 9 my m9d to ! discov]y ( an  
antique dug up at ,h]culaneum--!y are   
bo? only ! reflections ( "o _s1 a r5ew$ 
acqua9tance ) a be+ l myself4 ,i speak )
 ! ,et]nal ?r\gh ! in/rum5t (           
nature1--?r\gh ! _w's hi/ory3 ,i read ! 
s\l ( ! arti/ 9 8 ,apollo4  ,if y wi% to
 be conv9c$1 my cle> ,raphael1 look     
back4 ,ea* /ate ( ! human m9d has "s    
p>able 9 ! physical creation by :i* x is
 %ad[$ =?2 nor is x only arti/s & poets1
 b ev5 ! mo/ ab/ract ?9k]s t h drawn f  
?is s\rce4 ,lively activity we "n fire2 
"t is a /ream t rolls on1 sweep+ all    
be=e x2 et]nity is a circle2 a my/]y is 

hid 9 midnight gloom1 & tru? dwells 9 ! 
sun4 ,nay1 ,i beg9 to believe t ev5 !   
future de/9y ( ! human race is prefigur$
 9 ! d>k oracul> utt]ances ( bodily     
creation4 ,ea* com+ spr+1 =c+ ! spr\ts (
 plants out ( ! e>?1 gives me           
explanations ( ! awful riddle ( dea?1 & 
contradicts my anxi\s fe>s ab\t an      
ev]la/+ sleep4 ,! swall[ t we f9d /iff5$
 9 w9t]1 & see wak+ up to life aft]2 !  
dead grub com+ to life aga9 z ! butt]fly
 & ris+ into ! air1--all ^! give        
excell5t pictures ( our immortality4    
,h[ /range all seems to me n[1 ,raphael6
 ,n[ all seems peopl$ r\nd ab\t me4 ,to 
me !re is no solitude 9 nature4 ,:]ev]  
,i see a body ,i anticipate a _s4 ,:]ev]
 ,i trace movem5t ,i inf] ?\ght4  ,:]e  
no dead lie buri$1 :]e no resurrection w
 be1 ,omnipot5ce speaks to me ?is ?r\gh 
,8 works1 & ?us ,i und]/& ! doctr9e ( ! 
omnipres5ce ( ,god4   ,,idea4  ,all     
spirits are attract$ by p]fection4 ,!re 
may be deviations1 b !re is no exception
 to ?is1 = all /rive aft] ! condition ( 

! highe/ & free/ ex]cise ( _! p[]s2 all 
possess ! common in/9ct ( ext5d+ _!     
sph]e ( action2 ( draw+ all1 & c5tr+ all
 9 !mselves2 ( appropriat+ all t is     
good1 all t is ackn[l$g$ z *>m+ &       
excell5t4 ,:5 ! beautiful1 ! true1 & !  
excell5t are once se51 !y are imm$iately
 grasp$ at4 ,a condition once p]ceiv$ by
 u1 we ent] into x imm$iately4 ,at !    
mom5t :5 we ?9k ( !m1 we become         
possessors ( a virtue1 au?ors ( an      
action1 discov]]s ( a tru?1 possessors (
 a happ9ess4 ,we ourselves become !     
object p]ceiv$4 ,let no ambigu\s smile f
 y1 de> ,raphael1 disconc]t me "h1--?is 
assumption is ! basis on :i* ,i f\nd all
 t foll[s1 & we mu/ be agre$ be=e ,i    
take c\rage to complete ! /ructure4  ,8 
inn] feel+ or innate consci\sness tells 
e man almo/ ! same ?+4 ,= example1 :5 we
 admire an act ( magnanimity1 ( brav]y &
 wisdom1 does n a secret feel+ spr+ up 9
 our he>t t we are capable ( do+ ! same8
 ,does n ! ru% ( blood color+ our *eeks 
on he>+ n>ratives ( ?is k9d proclaim t  

our mode/y trembles at ! admiration     
call$ =? by su* acts8 t we are confus$  
at ! praise :i* ?is ennobl+ ( our nature
 mu/ call d[n ^u u8 ,ev5 our body at su*
 mom5ts agrees ) ! attitude ( ! man1 &  
%[s cle>ly t our s\l has pass$ into !   
/ate we admire4 ,if y 7 ev] pres5t1     
,raphael1 :5 a great ev5t 0 relat$ to a 
l>ge assembly1 did y n see h[ ! relat]  
wait$ = ! inc5se ( praise1 h[ he dev\r$ 
x1 ?\gh x 0 giv5 to ! h]o ( 8 /ory1--&  
if y 7 ev] a relat] did y n trace h[ y\r
 he>t 0 subject to ?is pleas+ deception8
 ,y h _h examples1 my de> ,raphael1 ( h[
 easily ,i c wrangle ) my be/ fri5d     
respect+ ! read+ al\d ( a pleas+        
anecdote or ( a beautiful poem1 & my    
he>t told me truly on ^! occasions t ,i 
0 only displeas$ at y\r c>ry+ (f !      
laurels because ^! pass$ f ! head (     
au?or to t ( ! read]4 ,a quick & deep   
arti/ic appreciation ( virtue is ju/ly  
held to be a great aptitude = virtue1 9 
! same way z x is usual to h no scruple 
9 di/ru/+ ! he>t ( a man ^: intellig5ce 

is sl[ to take 9 moral beauty4  ,y ne$ n
 advance z an objection t1 frequ5tly1   
c\pl$ ) a lively p]ception ( a          
p]fection1 ! opposite fail+ is f\nd to  
coexi/1 t evil-do]s are (t5 possess$ )  
/rong en?usiasm = :at is excell5t1 & t  
ev5 ! weak flame up into en?usiasm (    
h]culean gr[?4 ,i "k1 = example1 t our  
admir$ ,hall]1 :o unmask$ 9 s manly a _s
 ! sickly no?+ness ( va9 honors2 a man  
^: philosophical greatness ,i s highly  
appreciat$1 t he 0 n great en\gh to     
despise ! /ill great] vanity ( an ord] (
 knigh?ood1 :i* conf]r$ an injury on 8  
greatness4 ,i am conv9c$ t 9 ! happy    
mom5t ( _! ideal conceptions1 ! arti/1 !
 philosoph]1 & ! poet are really ! great
 & good man ^: image !y ?r[ out2 b ) _m 
?is ennobl+ ( ! m9d is only an unnatural
 condition occasion$ by a m active /irr+
 ( ! blood1 or a m rapid vibration ( !  
fancy3 x is accord+ly v transi5t1 l e   
o!r en*antm5t1 disappe>+ rapidly & leav+
 ! he>t m exhau/$ ?an be=e1 & deliv]$   
ov] to ! despotic caprice ( l[ passions4

 ,i expressly said m exhau/$ ?an be=e1 =
 univ]sal exp]i5ce tea*es t a relaps+   
crim9al is always ! mo/ furi\s1 & t !   
r5egades ( virtue seek additional sweets
 9 ! arms ( crime to comp5sate = ! heavy
 pressure ( rep5tance4  ,i wi%$ to      
e/abli%1 my ,raphael1 t x is our own    
condition1 :5 we feel t ( ano!r1 t      
p]fection becomes ours = ! mom5t dur+   
:i* we raise 9 ourselves ! repres5tation
 ( x2 t ! delight we take 9 tru?1       
beauty1 & virtue %[s itself :5 closely  
analyz$ to be ! consci\sness ( our      
individual ennobl+ & enri*+2 & ,i ?9k ,i
 h prov$ ?is4  ,we h ideas ( ! wisdom ( 
! highe/ ,be+1 ( ,8 goodness1 ( ,8      
ju/ice1 b none ( ,8 omnipot5ce4 ,to     
describe ,8 omnipot5ce1 we help         
ourselves by ! graduat$ repres5tation ( 
?ree successions3 ,no?+1 ,8 ,w1 &       
,some?+4 ,x is wa/e & empty2 ,god calls 
on light2 & !re is light4 ,if we _h a   
real idea ( ,8 op]ative omnipot5ce we   
%\ld be creators1 z ,he4  ,accord+ly1 e 
p]fection :i* ,i p]ceive becomes my own2

 x gives me joy1 because x is my own2 ,i
 desire x1 because ,i love myself4      
,p]fection 9 nature is no prop]ty (     
matt]1 b ( spirits4 ,all spirits are    
happy ?r\gh _! p]fection4 ,i desire !   
happ9ess ( all s\ls1 because ,i love    
myself4 ,! happ9ess :i* ,i repres5t to  
myself becomes my happ9ess2 accord+ly ,i
 am int]e/$ 9 awak5+ ^! repres5tations1 
to realize !m1 to exalt !m2 ,i am       
int]e/$ 9 diffus+ happ9ess ar\nd me4    
,:5ev] ,i produce beauty1 excell5ce1 or 
enjoym5t beyond myself1 ,i produce      
myself2 :5 ,i neglect or de/roy any?+1  
,i neglect1 ,i de/roy myself4 ,i desire 
! happ9ess ( o!rs1 because ,i desire my 
own2 & ! desire ( ! happ9ess ( o!rs we  
call b5evol5ce & love4   ,,love4  ,n[1  
my mo/ wor?y ,raphael1 let me look r\nd4
 ,! height has be5 asc5d$1 ! mi/ is     
dissipat$2 ,i /& 9 ! mid/ ( imm5sity1 z 
9 ! middle ( a gl[+ l&scape4 ,a pur] ray
 ( sunlight has cl>ifi$ all my ?\ghts4  
,love is ! noble/ ph5om5on 9 ! _w (     
s\ls1 ! all-p[]ful magnet 9 ! spiritual 

sph]e1 ! s\rce ( devotion & ( ! sublime/
 virtue4 ,yet love is only ! reflection 
( ?is s+le orig9al p[]1 an attraction ( 
! excell5t1 bas$ ^u an in/antane\s      
p]mutation ( individuality1 an int]*ange
 ( be+4  ,:5 ,i hate1 ,i take some?+ f  
myself2 :5 ,i love1 ,i become ri*] by   
:at ,i love4 ,to p>don is to recov] a   
prop]ty t has be5 lo/4 ,misan?ropy is a 
protract$ suicide3 egotism is ! supreme/
 pov]ty ( a creat$ be+4  ,:5 ,raphael   
tore himself f my embrace my s\l 0 r5t 9
 twa91 & ,i weep ov] ! loss ( my nobl]  
half4 ,on t holy ev5+--y mu/ rememb]    
x--:5 our s\ls fir/ commun$ toge!r 9    
ard5t sympa?y1 all y\r great emotions   
became my own1 & ,i only ent]$ into my  
unv>y+ "r ( prop]ty ov] y\r excell5ce2  
,i 0 pr\d] to love y ?an to be lov$ by  
y1 = my own affection _h *ang$ me into  
,raphael4     ,0 x n ?is almighty in/9ct
    ,t =c$ our he>ts to meet    ,9 !    
et]nal bond ( love8    ,raphael6        
enraptur$1 re/+ on y\r arm1    ,i       
v5ture1 joyful1 ! m>* t[>ds p]fection1  

,t leade? to ! spiritual sun4           
,happy6 happy6 ,i h f\nd !e1    ,h      
secur$ !e 'mid/ millions1    ,& ( all   
?is multitude ?\ art m9e6    ,let ! wild
 *aos return2    ,let x ca/ adrift !    
atoms6    ,=ev] our he>ts fly to meet   
ea* o!r4     ,mu/ ,i n draw reflections 
( my ec/asy    ,f ?y radiant1 ard5t     
eyes8    ,9 !e alone d ,i wond] at      
myself4    ,! e>? 9 bright] t9ts appe>s1
    ,heav5 itself %9es 9 m gl[+ light1  
,se5 ?r\gh ! s\l & action ( my fri5d4   
,sorr[ drops ! load ( te>s2    ,soo!d1 x
 re/s f passion's /orms1    ,nurs$ ^u ! 
brea/ ( love4    ,nay1 delight gr[s     
torm5t1 & seeks    ,my ,raphael1 bask+ 9
 ?y s\l1    ,sweete/ sepul*re6          
impati5tly4     ,if ,i alone /ood 9 !   
great ,all ( ?+s1    ,dream$ ,i ( s\ls 9
 ! v rocks1    ,&1 embrac+1 ,i w\ld h   
kiss$ !m4    ,i w\ld h sigh$ my         
compla9ts into ! air2    ,! *asms w\ld h
 answ]$ me4    ,o fool6 sweet sympa?y 0 
e joy to me4  ,love does n exi/ betwe5  
monoton\s s\ls1 giv+ out ! same tone2 x 

is f\nd betwe5 h>moni\s s\ls4 ,)        
pleasure ,i f9d aga9 my feel+s 9 !      
mirror ( y\rs1 b ) m ard5t long+ ,i     
dev\r ! high] emotions t are want+ 9 me4
 ,fri5d%ip & love are l$ by "o common   
rule4 ,! g5tle ,desdemona loves ,o!llo =
 ! dang]s ?r\gh :i* he has pass$2 !     
manly ,o!llo loves h] = ! te>s t %e %$  
he>+ ( 8 tr\bles4  ,!re are mom5ts 9    
life :5 we are impell$ to press to our  
he>t e fl[]1 e remote />1 ea* worm1 & ! 
sublime/ _s we c ?9k (4 ,we are impell$ 
to embrace !m1 & all nature1 9 ! arms ( 
our affection1 z ?+s mo/ lov$4 ,y und]/&
 me1 ,raphael4 ,a man :o has advanc$ s  
f> z to read (f all ! beauty1 greatness1
 & excell5ce 9 ! great & small ( nature1
 & to f9d ! great unity = ?is manifold  
v>iety1 has advanc$ mu* ne>] to !       
,div9ity4 ,! great creation fl[s into 8 
p]sonality4 ,if ea* man lov$ all m51 ea*
 individual w\ld possess ! :ole _w4  ,i 
fe> t ! philosophy ( our "t contradicts 
?is doctr9e4 ,_m ( our ?9k+ bra9s h     
und]tak5 to drive out by mock]y ?is     

heav5ly in/9ct f ! human s\l1 to efface 
! effigy ( ,deity 9 ! s\l1 & to dissolve
 ?is en]gy1 ?is noble en?usiasm1 9 !    
cold1 kill+ brea? ( a pusillanim\s      
indiff]5ce4 ,"u ! slavi% influ5ce ( _!  
own unwor?9ess !y h ent]$ into t]ms )   
self-int]e/1 ! dang]\s foe ( b5evol5ce2 
!y h done ?is to expla9 a ph5om5on :i* 0
 too godlike = _! n>r[ he>ts4 ,!y h spun
 _! com=tless doctr9e out ( a mis]able  
egotism1 & !y h made _! own limits !    
measure ( ! ,creator2 deg5]ate slaves   
decry+ fre$om amid/ ! rattle ( _! own   
*a9s4 ,swift1 :o exagg]at$ ! follies (  
m5 till he cov]$ ! :ole race ) infamy1 &
 wrote at l5g? 8 own "n on ! gall[s :i* 
he _h erect$ = x--ev5 ,swift c\ld n     
inflict su* deadly w\nds on human nature
 z ^! dang]\s ?9k]s1 :o1 lay+ great     
claim to p5etration1 adorn _! sy/em )   
all ! speci\s appe>ance ( art1 & /r5g!n 
x ) all ! argum5ts ( self-int]e/4  ,:y  
%\ld ! :ole species suff] = ! %ortcom+s 
( a few memb]s8  ,i admit freely t ,i   
believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( a dis9t]e/$ love4 

,i am lo/ if ,i d n exi/2 ,i give up !  
,deity1 immortality1 & virtue4 ,i h no  
rema9+ pro( ( ^! hopes if ,i cease to   
believe 9 love4 ,a _s t loves itself    
alone is an atom giv+ out a sp>k 9 !    
immeasurable wa/e ( space4              
,,sacrifice4  ,b love has produc$       
effects t seem to contradict its nature4
  ,x c be conceiv$ t ,i increase my own 
happ9ess by a sacrifice :i* ,i (f] = !  
happ9ess ( o!rs2 b suppose ?is sacrifice
 is my life8 ,hi/ory has examples ( ?is 
k9d ( sacrifice1 & ,i feel mo/ vividly t
 x w\ld co/ me no?+ to die 9 ord] to    
save ,raphael4 ,h[ is x possible t we c 
hold dea? to be a means ( increas+ ! sum
 ( our enjoym5ts8 ,h[ c ! cessation ( my
 be+ be reconcil$ ) ! enri*+ ( my be+8  
,! assumption ( immortality removes ?is 
contradiction2 b x also displaces !     
supreme gracefulness ( ?is act (        
sacrifice4 ,! consid]ation ( a future   
rew>d excludes love4 ,!re mu/ be a      
virtue :i* ev5 )\t ! belief 9           
immortality1 ev5 at ! p]il (            

annihilation1 suffices to c>ry out ?is  
sacrifice4  ,i grant x is ennobl+ to !  
human s\l to sacrifice pres5t enjoym5t =
 a future et]nal good2 x is ! noble/    
degree ( egotism2 b egotism & love      
sep>ate humanity into two v unlike      
races1 ^: limits are nev] conf\nd$4     
,egotism erects its c5tre 9 itself2 love
 places x out ( itself 9 ! axis ( !     
univ]sal :ole4 ,love aims at unity1     
egotism at solitude4 ,love is ! citiz5  
rul] ( a fl\ri%+ republic1 egotism is a 
despot 9 a deva/at$ creation4 ,egotism  
s[s = gratitude1 love = ! ungrateful4   
,love gives1 egotism l5ds2 & love does  
?is be=e ! ?rone ( judicial tru?1       
indiff]5t if = ! enjoym5t ( ! foll[+    
mom5t1 or ) ! view to a m>tyr's         
cr[n--indiff]5t :e!r ! rew>d is 9 ?is   
life or 9 ! next4  ,?9k1 ,o ,raphael1 ( 
a tru? t b5efits ! :ole human race to   
remote ages2 add t ?is tru? condemns its
 confessor to dea?2 t ?is tru? c only be
 prov$ & believ$ if he dies4 ,conceive  
?is man gift$ ) ! cle> all-embrac+ &    

illum9+ eye ( g5ius1 ) ! flam+ tor* (   
en?usiasm1 ) all ! sublime adaptations =
 love2 let ! gr& ideal ( ?is great      
effect be pres5t$ to 8 s\l2 let him h   
only an obscure anticipation ( all !    
happy be+s he w make2 let ! pres5t &    
future cr[d at ! same "t into 8 s\l2 &  
!n answ] me1--does ?is man require to be
 ref]r$ to a future life8  ,! sum ( all 
^! emotions w become conf\nd$ ) 8       
p]sonality2 w fl[ toge!r 9 8 p]sonal    
id5tity1 8 ,i or ,ego4 ,! human race he 
is ?9k+ ( is himself4 ,x is a body1 9   
:i* 8 life swims =gott5 l a blood-drop1 
=gott51 b ess5tial to ! welf>e ( !      
economy2 & h[ quickly & readily he w %$ 
x to secure 8 heal?4   ,,god4  ,all     
p]fections 9 ! univ]se are unit$ 9 ,god4
 ,god & nature are two magnitudes :i*   
are q alike4 ,! :ole sum ( h>monic      
activity :i* exi/s toge!r 9 ! div9e     
sub/ance1 is 9 nature ! antitype ( ?is  
sub/ance1 unit$ to incalculable degrees1
 & measures1 & /eps4 ,if ,i may be all[$
 ?is expressive imag]y1 nature is an    

inf9itely divid$ ,god4  ,j z 9 ! prism a
 :ite ray ( light is split up into sev5 
d>k] %ades ( color1 s ! div9e p]sonality
 or ,ego has be5 brok5 into c\ntless    
susceptible sub/ances4 ,z sev5 d>k]     
%ades melt toge!r 9 "o cle> p5cil (     
light1 out ( ! union ( all ^! sub/ances 
a div9e be+ w\ld issue4 ,! exi/+ =m (   
nature's fabric is ! optical glass1 &   
all ! activities ( spirits are only an  
endless play ( colors ( t simple div9e  
ray4 ,if x pleas$ ,omnipot5ce "s day to 
break up ?is prism1 ! b>ri] betwe5 x & !
 _w w\ld fall d[n1 all spirits w\ld be  
absorb$ 9 "o inf9ite _s1 all accords    
w\ld fl[ toge!r 9 "o common h>mony1 all 
/reams w\ld f9d _! end 9 ! ocean4  ,!   
bodily =m ( nature came to pass ?r\gh ! 
attractive =ce ( ! elem5ts4 ,!          
attraction ( spirits1 v>i$ & develop$   
inf9itely1 w\ld at l5g? lead to !       
cessation ( t sep>ation 7or may ,i      
v5ture ! expression7 w\ld produce ,god4 
,an attraction ( ?is k9d is love4       
,accord+ly1 my de> ,raphael1 love is !  

ladd] by :i* we climb up to lik5ess to  
,god4 ,unconsci\sly to ourselves1 )\t   
lay+ claim to x1 we aim at ?is4         
,lifeless masses are we1 :5 we hate2    
,gods1 :5 we cl+2 9 love to "o ano!r1   
,rejoic+ 9 ! g5tle bond ( love4         
,upw>ds ?is div9e/ impulse holde? sway  
,?r\gh ! ?\s&fold degrees ( creation    
,( c\ntless spirits :o did n create4    
,arm-9-arm1 high] & /ill high]1    ,f ! 
savage to ! ,grecian se]1    ,:o is l9k$
 to ! la/ s]aph ( ! r+1    ,we turn1 (  
"o m9d1 9 ! same magic dance1    ,till  
measure1 & e'en "t itself1    ,s9k at   
dea? 9 ! b\ndless1 gl[+ sea4            
,fri5dless 0 ! great _w's bla/]2    ,&  
feel+ ?is1 he made ! _s _w    ,bless$   
mirrors ( 8 own bless$ness6    ,& ?\gh !
 ,highe/ f\nd no equal1    ,yet         
inf9itude foams upw>d unto ,him    ,f ! 
va/ bas9 ( creation's realm4  ,love is1 
,raphael1 ! great secret t c re/ore !   
di%onor$ k+ ( gold f ! flat1 unpr(itable
 *alk2 t c save ! et]nal f ! temporal & 
transi5t1 & ! great oracle ( duration f 

! consum+ conflagration ( "t4  ,:at does
 all t has be5 said am\nt to8  ,if we   
p]ceive excell5ce1 x is ours4 ,let u    
become intimate ) ! high ideal unit1 &  
we %all be drawn to "o ano!r 9 bro!rly  
love4 ,if we plant beauty & joy we %all 
reap beauty & joy4 ,if we ?9k cle>ly we 
%all love ard5tly4 ,be ye p]fect1 z y\r 
,fa!r 9 heav5 is p]fect1 says ! ,f\nd] (
 our ,fai?4 ,weak human nature turn$    
pale at ?is comm&1 !re=e ,he expla9$    
himself 9 cle>] t]ms3 ,love "o ano!r6   
,wisdom1 ) ?y sunlike look1    ,awful   
goddess6 turn !e back1     ,& give way  
to ,love2    ,:o be=e !e w5t1 ) h]o     
he>t1    ,up ! /eep & /ormy pa?    ,to !
 ,godhead's v ?rone2    ,:o1 unveil+ !  
,holie/1    ,%[$ to !e ,elysium         
,?r\gh ! vault$ sepul*re4     ,did x n  
invite u 98    ,c\ld we rea*            
immortality--    ,or c\ld we seek ! _s  
,)\t ,love1 ! _s's ma/]8    ,love1 ,love
 leade? only to ,nature's ,fa!r1        
,only love ! spirits4  ,i h n[ giv5 y1  
,raphael1 my _s's confession ( fai?--a  

fly+ outl9e ( ! creation ,i h und]tak54 
,z y may p]ceive1 ! se$ :i* y scatt]$ 9 
my s\l took root4 ,mock1 or rejoice1 or 
blu% at y\r s*ol>1 z y please4 ,c]ta9 x 
is ?is philosophy has ennobl$ my he>t1 &
 ext5d$ & beautifi$ ! p]spective ( my   
life4 ,x is possible1 my excell5t fri5d1
 t ! entire /ructure ( my conclusions   
may h be5 a baseless & vision>y edifice4
 ,p]haps ! _w1 z ,i depict$ x1 n[h]e    
exi/s1 save 9 ! bra9 ( y\r ,julius4     
,p]haps1 aft] ! lapse ( ?\s&s on ?\s&s (
 ye>s1 :5 ! wis] ,judge promis$ 9 !     
future1 sits on ! judgm5t-seat1 at !    
sight ( ! true orig9al1 fill$ )         
confusion1 ,i %\ld te> 9 pieces my      
s*oolboy's design4 ,all ?is may         
happ5--,i expect x2 & ev5 if n a ve/ige 
( reality is f\nd 9 my dream1 ! reality 
w fill me ) proportionately great]      
delight & wond]4 ,ought my ideas to be m
 beautiful ?an ^? ( ! ,creator8 ,h[ s8  
,c\ld we tol]ate t ,8 exalt$ arti/ic    
/ructure %\ld fall b5ea? ! expectations 
( a mortal connoisseur8 ,?is is exactly 

! fi]y probation ( ,8 great p]fection1 &
 ! sweete/ triumph = ! ,exalt$ ,_s1 t   
false conclusions & deception d n injure
 ,8 ackn[l$gm5t2 t all tortu\s          
deviations ( ! w&]+ reason at l5g? /rike
 into ! /raight road ( ev]la/+ tru?2 t  
all div]g+ arms & curr5ts ultimately    
meet 9 ! ma9 /ream4 ,:at an idea1       
,raphael1 ,i =m ( ! ,great ,arti/1 :o1  
diff]5tly trave/i$ 9 a ?\s& copies1 /ill
 reta9s id5tical features 9 all ?is     
div]sity1 f :i* ev5 ! depreciat+ h& ( a 
blund]] _c remove admiration4  ,moreov]1
 my repres5tation may c]ta9ly be        
fallaci\s1 :olly an inv5tion1--nay1 ,i  
am p]suad$ t x mu/ necess>ily be s2 &   
yet x is possible t all results ( ?is   
may come to pass4 ,all great sages are  
agre$ t our :ole k moves on ultimately  
to a conv5tional deception1 ) :i*1      
h[ev]1 ! /ricte/ tru? c co-exi/4 ,our   
pure/ ideas are by no means images (    
?+s1 b only _! signs or symbols det]m9$ 
by necessity1 & co-exi/+ ) !m4  ,nei!r  
,god1 nor ! human s\l1 nor ! _w are     

really :at we consid] !m4 ,our ?\ghts ( 
^! are only ! endemic =ms 9 :i* ! planet
 we inhabit h&s !m to u4 ,our bra9      
belongs to ?is planet2 accord+ly1 also1 
! idioms ( our ideas1 :i* are treasur$  
up 9 x4 ,b ! p[] ( ! s\l is peculi>1    
necess>y1 & always consi/5t3 ! caprici\s
 nature ( ! mat]ials ?r\gh :i* x f9ds   
expression *anges no?+ 9 ! et]nal laws1 
z long z ?is caprici\sness does n /& 9  
contradiction ) itself1 & s long z !    
sign rema9s true to ! ?+ x designates4  
,z ! ?9k+ p[] develops ! relations ( !  
idioms1 ^! relations ( ?+s mu/ also     
really be pres5t 9 !m4 ,!re=e1 tru? is  
no prop]ty ( ! idioms1 b ( ! conclusion2
 x is n ! lik5ess ( ! sign ) ! ?+       
signifi$1 ( ! conception ) ! object2 b !
 agreem5t ( ?is conception ) ! laws (   
?\ght4 ,9 a simil> mann]1 ! doctr9e (   
quantity makes use ( cyph]s :i* are     
n[h]e pres5t1 except ^u pap]1 & yet x   
f9ds ) !m :at is pres5t 9 ! _w (        
reality4 ,= example1 :at resemblance is 
!re betwe5 ! lett]s ,a & ,b1 ! signs 3 &

 1 1 & -1 & ! fact t has to be asc]ta9$8
 ,yet ! comet1 =etold c5turies be=e1    
advances f a remote corn] ( ! heav5s & !
 expect$ planet eclipses ! disk at !    
prop] "t4 ,tru/+ to ! infallibility ( 8 
calculation1 ! discov]] ,columbus       
plunges into unkn[n regions ( ! sea to  
seek ! miss+ o!r half ( ! kn[n          
hemisph]e--! great isl& ( ,atlantis--to 
fill up a blank 9 8 geographical map4   
,he f\nd ?is isl& ( 8 pap] calculation1 
& 8 calculation 0 "r4 ,w\ld x h be5 less
 great if a ho/ile /orm _h %att]$ 8     
fleet or driv5 x back8 ,! human m9d     
makes a simil> calculation :5 x measures
 ! sup]-s5sual by means ( ! s5sible1 &  
:5 ma!matics applies its conclusions to 
! hidd5 physics ( ! sup]human4 ,b ! la/ 
te/ ( its calculations is /ill want+1 = 
no travell] has come back f t l& to     
relate 8 discov]y4 ,human nature has its
 prop] b\nds1 & s also has ! individual4
 ,we w give ea* o!r mutual com=t        
respect+ ! =m]3 ,raphael w conc$e ?is to
 ! boyi% age ( 8 ,julius4 ,i am poor 9  

conceptions1 a /rang] 9 _m bran*es ( k  
:i* are ?\ght to be ess5tial 9 inquiries
 ( ?is nature4 ,i h n belong$ to any    
philosophical s*ool1 nor h ,i read _m   
pr9t$ books4 ,x may q well be t ,i      
occasionally sub/itute my fancies 9 !   
place ( /rict] logical pro(s1 t ,i      
mi/ake ! ru% ( my blood or ! hopes ( my 
he>t = s\nd wisdom2 yet1 my de> fri5d1 y
 mu/ n grudge me ! mom5ts ,i h ?us lo/4 
,x is a real ga9 = univ]sal p]fection3 x
 0 ! provision ( ! ,wise/ ,_s t ! err+  
reason %\ld also p ! *aotic _w ( dreams1
 & make fruitful ev5 ! b>r5 gr\nd (     
contradiction4 ,x is n only ! me*anical 
arti/ :o poli%es ! r\gh diamond into a  
brilliant :om we ought to value1 b also 
t "o :o ennobles m]e ord9>y /ones by    
giv+ !m ! app>5t dignity ( ! diamond4 ,!
 indu/ry display$ 9 ! =ms may sometimes 
make u =get ! massive tru? ( ! sub/ance4
 ,is n e ex]cise ( ! ?9k+ p[]1 e %>p5+ (
 ! edge ( ! _s1 a little /ep t[>ds its  
p]fection2 & e p]fection has to obta9 a 
be+ & sub/antial exi/5ce 9 a complete & 

p]fect _w4 ,reality is n conf9$ to !    
absolutely necess>y2 x also embraces !  
conditionally necess>y3 e (fspr+ ( !    
bra91 e "w elaborat$ by ! wit1 has an   
irresi/ible "r ( citiz5%ip 9 ?is wid]   
acceptation ( creation4 ,9 ! measureless
 plan ( nature no activity 0 to be left 
out1 no degree ( enjoym5t 0 to be want+ 
9 univ]sal happ9ess4 ,! great ,inv5tive 
,_s w\ld n ev5 p]mit error to be wa/$1  
nor all[ ?is wide _w ( ?\ght to rema9   
empty & *aotic 9 ! m9d ( man4 ,= !      
,great ,rul] ( ,8 _w does n ev5 all[ a  
/raw to fall )\t use1 leaves no space   
un9habit$ :]e life may be enjoy$2 = ,he 
conv]ts ! v poison ( man into ! food (  
vip]s2 ,he ev5 raises plants f ! realm (
 corruption1 & hospitably grants !      
little glimm] ( pleasure t c co-exi/ )  
madness4 ,he turns crime & folly into   
excell5ce1 & weaves out ( ! v vices ( a 
,t>qu9 ! great idea ( ! univ]sal mon>*y 
( ,rome4 ,e facility ( ! reason1 ev5 9  
error1 increases its read9ess to accept 
tru?4  ,de> fri5d ( my s\l1 suff] me to 

add my contribution to ! great wo( (    
human wisdom4 ,! image ( ! sun is       
reflect$ diff]5tly 9 ! dewdrop & 9 !    
maje/ic mirror ( ! wide-/ret*+ ocean4   
,%ame to ! turbid1 murky swamp1 :i* nev]
 receives & nev] reflects ?is image6    
,millions ( plants dr9k f ! f\r elem5ts 
( nature2 a magaz9e ( supplies is op5 = 
all3 b !y mix _! sap 9 a ?\s& diff]5t   
ways1 & return x 9 a ?\s& new =ms4 ,!   
mo/ beautiful v>iety proclaims a ri* ,"l
 ( ?is h\se4 ,!re are f\r elem5ts f :i* 
all spirits draw _! supplies3 _! ,ego or
 individuality1 ,nature1 ,god1 & !      
,future ,all int]m+le 9 millions ( ways 
& (f] !mselves 9 a million diff]5ces (  
result3 b "o tru? rema9s :i*1 l a firm  
axis1 goes ?r\gh all religions &        
sy/ems--draw nigh to ! ,godhead ( :om y 
?9k6     ,,lett] ,v4   ,raphael to      
,julius4  ,x w\ld be v un=tunate1 my de>
 ,julius1 if !re 7 no o!r way ( quiet+ y
 ?an by re/or+ ! fir/-fruits ( y\r      
belief 9 y4 ,i f\nd ) delight ^! ideas1 
:i* ,i saw ga9+ 9 y1 writt5 d[n 9 y\r   

pap]s4 ,!y are wor?y ( a s\l l y\rs1 b y
 c\ld n rema9 /ation>y 9 !m4 ,!re are   
joys = e age & enjoym5ts = ea* degree ( 
spirits4 ,x mu/ h be5 a difficult ?+ = y
 to sev] y\rself f a sy/em t 0 entirely 
made to meet ! wants ( y\r he>t4 ,i w\ld
 wag] t no o!r sy/em w /rike su* deep   
roots 9 y1 &1 possibly1 if left q to y\r
 own direction1 y w\ld soon] or lat]    
become reconcil$ to y\r favorite ideas4 
,y w\ld soon rem>k ! weakness ( !       
opposite sy/em1 & !n1 if bo? sy/ems     
appe>$ equally defici5t 9 pro(1 y w\ld  
pref] ! mo/ desirable "o1 or1 p]haps1 y 
w\ld f9d new argum5ts to pres]ve at lea/
 ! ess5tial features ( y\r =m] !ory1 ev5
 if a few m d\btful po9ts _h to be giv5 
up4  ,b all ?is is remote f my plan4 ,y 
mu/ arrive at a high] fre$om ( m9d1 :]e 
y no long] require support4 ,i grant t  
?is is n ! affair ( a mom5t4 ,! fir/ aim
 ( ! e>lie/ tea*+ is commonly !         
subjugation ( ! m9d1 & among all !      
artifices ( ! art ( education ?is       
g5]ally succe$s ! fir/4 ,ev5 y1 ?\gh    

end[$ ) great ela/icity ( "*1 yet appe> 
de/9$ to submit readily to ! sway (     
op9ions1 & ev5 m incl9$ to ?is ?an      
?\s&s2 & ?is /ate ( infancy might la/ v 
long ) y1 z y d n readily feel !        
oppression ( x4 ,y\r head & he>t are 9 v
 close connection4 ,a doctr9e is sweet  
to y on acc\nt ( ! tea*]4 ,y soon       
succe$$ 9 f9d+ an int]e/+ side 9 ?is    
doctr9e1 y ennobl$ x accord+ to ! wants 
( y\r he>t1 & y suff]$ y\r m9d to be    
resign$ to o!r po9ts t mu/ ne$s appe>   
/range to y4 ,y reg>d$ attacks on ?is   
doctr9e z boyi% rev5ge tak5 by a slavi% 
s\l aga9/ ! rod ( its tutor4 ,y play$ ) 
y\r *a9s1 :i* y ?\ght y c>ri$ by y\r own
 free w4  ,i f\nd y 9 ?is situation1 & !
 sight gave me pa9--h[1 9 ! mid/ ( !    
enjoym5t1 ( y\r gl[+ life1 & :ile giv+  
expression to y\r noble/ p[]s1 y 7 hemm$
 9 by n>r[ consid]ations4 ,! v logical  
consi/5cy ) :i* y act$ accord+ to y\r   
convictions1 & ! /r5g? ( s\l t made e   
sacrifice light to y1 7 tw(old h9d]ances
 to y\r activity & to y\r joys4 ,i !n   

resolv$ to set aside ^! clumsy ef=ts by 
:i* x _h be5 endeavor$ to cramp a s\l l 
y\rs 9 ! measure ( ord9>y natures4 ,!   
result ( y\r fir/ ex]tions favor$ my    
int5tions4 ,i admit t y\r imag9ation 0 m
 actively employ$ ^u ! "w ?an 0 y\r     
p5etration4 ,! loss ( y\r fonde/        
convictions 0 m ?an aton$ = by y\r      
pres5tim5ts1 :i* ga!r$ results mu* m    
rapidly ?an ! tortoise pace ( cold      
sci5tific inquiry1 pass+ f ! kn[n to !  
unkn[n4 ,y\r k9d ( inspir$ sy/em gave y 
y\r fir/ enjoym5t 9 ?is new field (     
activity1 & ,i 0 v c>eful n to de/roy a 
welcome en?usiasm :i* 0 v favorable to !
 developm5t ( y\r excell5t disposition4 
,! sc5e is n[ *ang$4 ,a return into !   
re/rictions ( infancy is clos$ =ev]4    
,y\r way leads onw>ds1 & y require no   
fur!r precautions4  ,y mu/ n be surpris$
 to f9d t a sy/em su* z y\rs _c resi/ ! 
se>*+ ( a sev]e criticism4 ,all essays (
 ?is k9d1 equal 9 bread? & boldness to  
y\rs1 h _h no o!r fate4 ,x 0 also mo/   
natural t y\r philosophical progress    

began ) y individually1 z ) ! human race
 9 g5]al4 ,! fir/ object on :i* man's _s
 ( inquiry fir/ attempt$ its /r5g? 01 at
 all times1 ! univ]se4 ,hypo!ses relat+ 
to ! orig9 ( ! _w1 & ! comb9ation ( its 
p>ts1 _h occupi$ ! greate/ ?9k]s = ages1
 :5 ,socrates call$ d[n ! philosophy ( 8
 day f heav5 to e>?4 ,b ! limits ( human
 wisdom 7 too n>r[ = ! pr\d intellect ( 
8 foll[]s4 ,new sy/ems arose on ! ru9s (
 ! =m] ones4 ,! p5etrat+ m9d ( subsequ5t
 ages explor$ ! immeasurable field (    
possible answ]s to ^? ev]-recurr+       
que/ions1 be>+ on ! my/]i\s int]ior (   
nature1 :i* c\ld n be disclos$ by any   
human intellect4 ,"s1 inde$1 succe$$ 9  
giv+ a c]ta9 color+ ( di/9ctness1       
complet5ess1 & evid5ce to _! views4 ,!re
 are _m conjur+ tricks by :i* ! pride ( 
reason seeks to avoid ! disgrace ( n be+
 able to exce$ ! b\nds ( human nature 9 
ext5d+ ! circle ( its k4 ,x is a frequ5t
 conceit ) m5 to believe t !y h discov]$
 new tru?s1 :5 !y h dissect$ a          
conception into ! sep>ate elem5ts out ( 

:i* x 0 fir/ comp\nd$ by an act (       
caprice4 ,n unfrequ5tly an imp]ceptible 
assumption lies at ! basis ( a *a9 (    
consequ5ces1 ^: breaks & defici5cies are
 cunn+ly conceal$1 :ile ! false         
conclusions are admir$ z sublime wisdom4
 ,9 o!r cases1 p>tial exp]i5ces are     
accumulat$ to f\nd a hypo!sis1 & all    
contradictory ph5om5a are ei!r ignor$1  
or ! mean+ ( words is *ang$ accord+ to !
 requirem5ts ( ! reason+4 ,nor is x only
 ! philosophical quack :o employs ^!    
conjur+ tricks to deceive ! public2 )\t 
be+ consci\s ( x1 ! mo/ upright & ! lea/
 prejudic$ ?9k] uses analog\s means to  
satisfy 8 ?ir/ = k directly t he issues 
f ! only sph]e :]e reason c legitimately
 enjoy ! fruit ( its activity4  ,aft]   
:at y h he>d me say on =m] occasions1   
,julius1 ^! expressions mu/ cause y no  
little a/oni%m5t2 yet !y are n ! product
 ( a sceptical caprice4 ,i c\ld lay be=e
 y ! f\ndations on :i* !y re/1 b ?is    
w\ld require1 z prelude1 a some:at dry  
exam9ation into ! nature ( human k1--&  

,i pref] to res]ve ?is = a "t :5 y w    
feel ! want ( x4 ,y h n yet arriv$ at t 
/ate ( m9d :5 humiliat+ tru?s on !      
limits ( human k c h any int]e/ = y4    
,make a fir/ essay ) ! sy/em :i* has    
supplant$ y\r own 9 y\r m9d4 ,exam9e x )
 ! same imp>tiality z sev]ity4 ,proce$ 9
 ! same mann] ) o!r !ories ) :i* y h    
rec5tly become acqua9t$2 & if none ( !m 
c fully satisfy y\r requirem5ts1 y w ask
 y\rself if1 aft] all1 ^! requirem5ts   
are reasonable4  ,p]haps y w tell me ?is
 is a poor consolation4 ,y w inf] t     
resignation is y\r only refuge aft] s _m
 brilliant hopes _h be5 rais$4 ,0 x wor?
 :ile1 y w say1 to *all5ge me to a full 
ex]cise ( my reason 9 ord] to set b\nds 
to x at ! v mom5t :5 x 0 beg9n+ to be> !
 noble/ fruit8 ,0 ,i only to become     
acqua9t$ ) a high] enjoym5t 9 ord] to   
feel ) a d\ble ke5ness h[ pa9ful x is to
 be ?us b\nd$8  ,nev]!less1 x is ?is v  
feel+ ( disc\ragem5t t ,i expressly wi% 
to bani% f y\r s\l4 ,my aim is ?is3 to  
remove all t places an ob/acle to ! free

 enjoym5t ( y\r be+1 to br+ to life 9 y 
! g]m ( all l(ty inspiration--!         
consci\sness ( ! nobility ( y\r s\l4 ,y 
h be5 awak5$ f ! slumb] 9 :i* y 7 rock$ 
by ! slav]y ( o!rs' op9ions2 b y w\ld   
nev] rea* ! degree ( gr&eur to :i* y are
 call$ if y dissipat$ y\r /r5g? 9 !     
pursuit ( an unatta9able end4 ,?is c\rse
 0 all prop] up to ! pres5t "t2 x 0 !   
natural consequ5ce ( y\r rec5tly acquir$
 fre$om4 ,x 0 necess>y t ! ideas :i* _h 
mo/ engag$ y previ\sly %\ld give ! fir/ 
impulse to ! activity ( y\r m9d44 ,among
 all possible directions t y\r m9d c\ld 
take1 is its pres5t c\rse ! mo/ f]tile 9
 results8 ,! answ] w\ld be giv51 soon]  
or lat]1 by y\r own exp]i5ce4 ,my "p 0  
conf9$ to ha/5+1 if possible1 ?is       
crisis4  ,x is a common prejudice to    
take z a measure ( ! greatness ( man t  
matt] on :i* he works1 & n ! mann] ( 8  
"w4 ,b x is c]ta9 t a sup]ior ,be+      
honors ! /amp ( p]fection ev5 9 ! mo/   
limit$ sph]e1 :il/ ,he ca/s an eye (    
pity on ! va9 attempts ( ! insect :i*   

seeks to ov]look ! univ]se4 ,x foll[s f 
?is t ,i am especially unwill+ to agree 
to ! proposition 9 y\r pap]s1 :i*       
assumes t ! high de/9y ( man is to      
detect ! _s ( ! ,div9e ,arti/ 9 ! "w (  
creation4 ,to express ! activity (      
inf9ite p]fection1 ,i admit t ,i d n "k 
any sublim] image ?an art2 b y appe> to 
h ov]look$ an important di/9ction4 ,!   
univ]se is n ! pure expression ( an     
ideal1 l ! accompli%$ "w ( a human      
arti/4 ,! latt] gov]ns despotically !   
inanimate matt] :i* he uses to give a   
body to 8 ideas4 ,b 9 ! div9e "w ! prop]
 value ( ea* "o ( its p>ts is respect$1 
& ?is cons]vative respect ) :i* ! ,great
 ,ar*itect honors e g]m ( activity1 ev5 
9 ! l[lie/ creature1 glorifies x z mu* z
 ! h>mony ( ! immeasurable :ole4 ,life &
 lib]ty to all possible ext5t are ! seal
 ( div9e creation2 n[h]e is x m sublime 
?an :]e x seems to h dep>t$ mo/ widely f
 its ideal4 ,b x is precisely ?is highe/
 p]fection t prev5ts u f grasp+ ! limits
 9 :i* we are at pres5t conf9$4 ,we     

embrace only too small a "p ( ! univ]se1
 & ! explanation ( mo/ ( its discords is
 inaccessible to our faculties4 ,ea* /ep
 we climb 9 ! scale ( be+ w make u m    
susceptible ( ^! enjoym5ts ( art2 b ev5 
!n _! only value w be t ( means1 & to   
excite u to an analog\s ex]cise ( our   
activity4 ,! idle admiration ( a        
greatness =eign to ourselves c nev] be a
 great m]it4 ,a sup]ior man is nev]     
want+ 9 matt] = 8 activity1 nor 9 ! =ces
 necess>y to become himself a creator 9 
8 sph]e4 ,?is vocation is y\rs also1    
,julius2 :5 y h recogniz$ ?is y w nev] h
 a ?\ght ( compla9+ ( ! limits t y\r    
desire ( k _c ov]/ep4  ,:5 y h arriv$ at
 ?is conviction ,i expect to f9d y :olly
 reconcil$ to me4 ,y mu/ fir/ "k fully !
 ext5t ( y\r /r5g? be=e y c appreciate !
 value ( its free/ manife/ation4 ,till  
!n1 cont9ue to be dissatisfi$ ) me1 b d 
n despair ( y\rself4       ,,on ,,!     
,,connection ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,animal ,,&  
,,! ,,spiritual ,,nature ,,9 ,,man4   ,x
 behooves u to cle>ly realize1 z ! broad

 facts :i* h mo/ wide-rea*+ consequ5ces 
9 m5tal physiology & pa?ology1 t all    
p>ts ( ! body1 ! highe/ & ! l[e/1 h a   
sympa?y ) "o ano!r m intellig5t ?an     
consci\s intellig5ce c yet1 or p]haps   
ev] w1 conceive2 t !re is n an organic  
motion1 visible or invisible1 s5sible or
 ins5sible1 m9i/rant to ! noble/ or to !
 mo/ humble purposes1 :i* does n "w its 
appo9t$ effect 9 ! complex recesses ( ! 
m9d1 & t ! m9d1 z ! cr[n+ a*ievem5t (   
organization1 & ! consummation & outcome
 ( all its en]gies1 really compreh5ds ! 
bodily life4--,,mawdesley1 ,body & ,m9d4
  ,x is an indisputable tru? t :at we   
call ! mat]ial _w is only kn[n to u "u !
 =ms ( ! ideal _w1 &1 z ,desc>tes tells 
u1 our k ( ! s\l is m intimate & c]ta9  
?an our k ( ! body4--,,huxley4          
,,introduction4  ,s #a4   ,_m           
philosoph]s h ass]t$ t ! body is1 z x 71
 ! prison-h\se ( ! _s1 hold+ x only too 
firmly to :at is e>?ly1 & *eck+ its     
s-call$ flight t[>ds p]fection4 ,on !   
o!r h&1 x has be5 held by ano!r         

philosophic s*ool t k & virtue are n s  
mu* an end z a means t[>ds happ9ess1 & t
 ! :ole p]fection ( man culm9ates 9 !   
amelioration ( 8 body4  ,bo? op9ions #a1
 me?9ks1 are "o-sid$4 ,! latt] sy/em has
 almo/ entirely disappe>$ f our s*emes (
 e?ics & philosophy1 & is1 ,i am incl9$ 
to ?9k1 n seldom ca/ out ) ov]-fanatical
 zeal--7no?+ assur$ly is s dang]\s to   
tru? z :5 "o-sid$ op9ions meet ) "o-sid$
 oppon5ts74 ,! =m] sy/em has on ! :ole  
be5 m pati5tly endur$1 s9ce x has !     
greate/ capacity = w>m+ ! he>t t[>ds    
virtue1 & has already ju/ifi$ its value 
9 ! case ( truly great s\ls4 ,:o is !re 
t does n admire ! /r5g? ( m9d ( a ,cato1
 ! l(ty virtue ( a ,brutus & ,aurelius1 
! equanimity ( an ,epictetus & a ,s5eca8
 ,b1 9 spite ( all ?is1 ! sy/em 9 "q is 
no?+ m ?an a beautiful ab]ration ( !    
und]/&+1 a real extreme1 :i* 9 its wild 
en?usiasm und]rates "o "p ( our human   
nature1 & desires to raise u into ! ord]
 ( ideal be+s )\t at ! same "t reliev+ u
 ( our humanity1--a sy/em :i* runs      

directly contr>y to all t we hi/orically
 "k or philosophically c expla9 ei!r ( !
 evolution ( ! s+le man or ( t ( !      
entir] race1 & c 9 no way be reconcil$ )
 ! limitations ( our human s\l4 ,x is   
!re=e "h1 z ev]1 ! wise/ plan to hold ! 
balance betwe5 ! two op9ions1 & ?us rea*
 ) great] c]ta9ty ! middle l9e ( tru?4  
,b1 inasmu* z a mi/ake has v (t5 be5    
committ$ by treat+ ! m5tal p[]s 9 an    
exclusive way1 t is1 9 s f> z !y c be   
consid]$ 9 indep5d5ce ( ! body1 & ?r\gh 
an int5tional subord9ation ( ?is same   
body1 ! aim ( ?is pres5t essay w be to  
br+ into a cle>] light ! rem>kable      
contributions made by ! body to ! work+s
 ( ! s\l1 & ! great & real influ5ce ( ! 
animal sy/em ( s5sations ^u ! spiritual4
 ,b ?is is z l ! philosophy ( ,epicurus 
z ! hold+ ( virtue to be ! summum bonum 
is /oicism4  ,be=e we seek to discov] ^?
 high] moral ends :i* ! animal nature   
assi/s u 9 atta9+ to1 we mu/ e/abli% _! 
physical necessity1 & come to an        
agreem5t z to "s fundam5tal conceptions4

   #a ,huxley1 speak+ ( psy*ology &     
physiology 7idealism & mat]ialism71     
says3 ,our /em divides into two ma9     
bran*es1 :i* gr[ 9 opposite ways1 & be> 
fl[]s :i* look z diff]5t z !y c well be4
 ,b ea* bran* is s\nd & heal?y1 & has z 
mu* life & vigor z ! o!r4 ,if a botani/ 
f\nd ?is /ate ( ?+s 9 a new plant1 ,i   
imag9e he might be incl9$ to ?9k t 8    
tree 0 monoeci\s1 t ! fl[]s 7 ( diff]5t 
sexes1 & t1 s f> f sett+ up a b>ri]     
betwe5 ! bran*es ( ! tree1 ! only hope (
 f]tility lay 9 br++ !m toge!r4 ,?is is 
my notion ( :at is to be done ) physics 
& metaphysics4 ,_! diff]5ces are        
complem5t>y1 n antagoni/ic1 & ?\ght w   
nev] be completely fruitful until ! "o  
unites ) ! o!r4--,,huxley1 ,macmillan's 
,mag41 ,may #ahgj4  ,desc>tes' me?od    
7accord+ to ,huxley7 leads /raight up to
 ! critical idealism ( 8 great          
successor1 ,kant1 9 decl>+ t ! ultimate 
fact ( all k is a consci\sness & !re=e  
affirm+ t ! highe/ ( all c]ta9ties1 &   
inde$ ! only absolute c]ta9ty1 is !     

exi/5ce ( m9d4 ,b x /ops %ort ( ,b]keley
 9 decl>+ t matt] does n exi/3 8        
argum5ts aga9/ its exi/5ce w\ld equally 
t5d to prove ! non-exi/5ce ( s\l4 ,9    
,desc>tes' /em1 ! body is simply a      
ma*9e1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ! rational s\l    
7peculi> to man7 is lodg$1 & :i* x      
directs at its w1 z a skilful eng9e]    
famili> ) its work+ might d--?r\gh w &  
?r\gh affection he c increase1 slack51 &
 alt] _! movem5ts at 8 pleasure4 ,at !  
same "t1 he admits1 9 all t reg>ds its  
m]e animal life--9 active functions1 su*
 z ^? connect$ ) hung]1 respiration1    
sleep1 dige/ion2 9 _m passive ones1 su* 
z we are accu/om$ to call m5tal1 z 9    
memory1 ! p]ception ( color1 s\nd--a    
purely automatic action ( ! body1 :i* x 
pursues simply by foll[+ out its own    
laws1 indep5d5t ( ! s\l's direction or  
int]f]5ce4    ,,physical ,,connection4  
,,! ,,animal ,,nature ,,/r5g!ns ,,!     
,,action ,,( ,,! ,,_s4  ,s              
#b4--,organism ( ! ,op]ations ( !       
,s\l--( its ,ma9t5ance & ,support--(    

,g5]ation4   ,all ^? conditions :i* we  
accept z requisite to ! p]fection ( man 
9 ! moral & mat]ial _w may be includ$ 9 
"o fundam5tal s5t5ce3 ,! p]fection ( man
 consi/s 9 8 ability to ex]cise 8 p[]s 9
 ! obs]vation ( ! plan ( ! _w2 & s9ce   
betwe5 ! measure ( ! p[] & ! end t[>ds  
:i* x works !re mu/ exi/ ! complete/    
h>mony1 p]fection w consi/ 9 ! highe/   
possible activity ( 8 p[]s1 &1 at ! same
 "t1 9 _! mutual subord9ation4 ,b !     
action ( ! human s\l is--f a necessity  
:i* ,i d n und]/&--b\nd fa/ to ! action 
( matt]4 ,! *anges 9 ! _w ( matt] mu/ be
 modifi$ &1 s to speak1 ref9$ by a      
peculi> class ( second>y p[]s--,i mean !
 s5ses--be=e !y c produce 9 me any      
correspond+ ideas2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 a 
fre% set ( organic p[]s1 ! ag5ts (      
volunt>y movem5ts mu/ come into play    
betwe5 ! inn] _s & ! outw>d _w 9 ord] to
 make ! *anges ( ! =m] tell ^u ! latt]2 
?us mu/ ! op]ations ( ?9k+ & s5sation   
alike correspond to c]ta9 movem5ts ( !  
int]nal s5sorium4 ,all ?is goes to make 

up ! organism ( ! s\l's activities4  ,b 
matt] is spoil /ol5 f ! et]nal *ange1 & 
we>s itself away1 ev5 z x works2 9 its  
movem5t its v elem5t is driv5 f its     
grooves1 *as$ away & lo/4 ,because n[1  
on ! contr>y1 t simple ess5ce1 ! s\l1   
possesses 9 itself p]man5ce & /ability1 
& 9 its ess5ce nei!r ga9s nor loses     
aught1--matt] _c keep /ep ) ! activity (
 ! _s1 & !re w\ld ?us soon be an end ( !
 organism ( spiritual life1 & !re) ( all
 action ( ! s\l4 ,to prev5t :i* !re mu/ 
be add$ to ! fir/ sy/em or organic p[]s 
a second "o1 :i* %all make good ! losses
 su/a9$1 & su/a9 ! decay by a *a9 ( new 
creations ready to take ! place ( ^? t h
 gone4 ,?is is ! organism ( ma9t5ance4  
,/ill fur!r4 ,aft] a %ort p]iod (       
activity1 :5 ! equal balance ( loss &   
rep>ation is once remov$1 man quits !   
/age ( life1 & ! law ( mortality        
depopulates ! e>?4 ,!re is n room en\gh 
= ! multitude ( s5ti5t be+s1 :om et]nal 
love & wisdom seem$ to h call$ to a     
happy exi/5ce1 to live side by side )9 !

 n>r[ b\nd>ies ( our _w1 & ! life ( "o  
g5]ation %uts out ! life ( ano!r4 ,!re=e
 0 x necess>y t new m5 %\ld appe>1 to   
take ! place ( ^? :o _h dep>t$1 & t life
 %\ld be kept up 9 unbrok5 succession4  
,b ( creation !re is no long] any trace2
 :at n[ becomes new becomes s only by   
developm5t4 ,! developm5t ( man mu/ come
 to pass ?r\gh man1 if x is to be> a    
proportion to ! orig9al numb]1 if man is
 to be cultivat$ into man4 ,on ?is      
acc\nt a new sy/em ( organic p[]s 0 add$
 to ! two t _h prec$$ x1 :i* _h = its   
object to quick5 & to develop ! se$ (   
humanity4 ,?is is ! organism ( g5]ation4
  ,^! ?ree organisms1 br\ght into ! mo/ 
?or\gh connection1 local & real1 g to =m
 ! human body4    ,s #c4--,! ,body4   ,!
 organic p[]s ( ! human body naturally  
divide !mselves into two pr9cipal       
classes4 ,! fir/ class embraces ^? :i*  
no kn[n laws & ph5om5a ( ! physical _w  
enable u to compreh5d2 & to ^! belong ! 
s5sibility ( ! n]ves & ! irritability ( 
! muscles4 ,inasmu* z x has hi!rto be5  

impossible to p5etrate ! economy ( !    
invisible1 m5 h s\ght to int]pret ?is   
unkn[n me*anism ?r\gh t ) :i* !y 7      
already famili>1 & h consid]$ ! n]ves z 
a canal conduct+ an excessively f9e1    
volatile1 & active fluid1 :i* 9 rapidity
 ( motion & f95ess 0 held to excel e!r &
 ! electric sp>k4 ,?is fluid 0 held to  
be ! pr9ciple & au?or ( our s5sibility &
 p[] ( motion1 & h5ce receiv$ ! "n ( !  
_s ( life4 ,fur!r1 ! irritability ( !   
muscles 0 held to consi/1 9 a c]ta9 ef=t
 to contract !mselves on ! t\* ( "s     
ext]nal provocation4 ,^! two pr9ciples g
 to =m ! specific "* ( animal organism4 
,! second class ( p[]s embraces ^? :i*  
we c acc\nt = by ! univ]sally-kn[n laws 
( physics4 ,among ^! ,i reckon !        
me*anism ( motion1 & ! *emi/ry ( ! human
 body1 ! s\rce ( vegetable life4        
,vegetation1 !n1 & animal me*anism1     
?or\ghly m+l$1 =m ! prop] physical life 
( ! human body4    ,s #d4-;,animal      
,life4   ,?is is n yet all4 ,s9ce loss  
or mis=tune1 :5 x occurs1 falls m or    

less )9 ! w-p[] ( ! _s1 ! _s mu/ be able
 to make "s comp5sation = x4 ,fur!r1    
s9ce ! body is subject$ to all !        
consequ5ces ( ?is connection1 & 9 !     
circle ( circum/ances is expos$ to      
c\ntless ho/ile =ces1 x mu/ be )9 ! p[] 
( ! s\l to protect ! body aga9/ ^!      
h>mful influ5ces1 & to br+ x into su*   
relations ) ! physical _w z %all t5d mo/
 to its pres]vation4 ,! s\l mu/ !re=e be
 consci\s ( ! pres5t evil or good /ate (
 its organs2 f a bad /ate x mu/ draw    
dissatisfaction1 f a good /ate          
satisfaction1 s t x may ei!r reta9 or   
remove ! condition1 seek x or fly f x4  
,"h !n we h ! organism at once & closely
 l9k$ to ! s5sational capacity1 & ! s\l 
drawn into ! s]vice ( ! body4 ,we h n[  
some?+ m ?an vegetation1 some?+ m ?an a 
dead model & ! me*anism ( n]ves &       
muscles4 ,n[ we h animal life4 #a  ,a   
heal?y condition ( our animal life is1 z
 we "k1 mo/ important = ! heal?y        
condition ( our spiritual life2 & we d>e
 nev] ignore ! animal life s long z we  

are n quit ( x4 ,x mu/ !re=e possess a  
firm f\ndation1 n easily mov$2 t is1 !  
s\l mu/ be fitt$ & prep>$ = ! actions ( 
our bodily life by an irresi/ible p[]4  
,7 !n ! s5sations ( our animal loss or  
well-be+ to become spiritual p]ceptions1
 & _h !y to be creat$ by ?\ght1 h[ (t5  
w\ld ! s\l be obscur$ by ! ov]:elm+     
blaze ( passion2 h[ (t5 /ifl$ by laz9ess
 & /upidity2 h[ (t5 ov]look$ 9 !        
absorptions & di/ractions ( bus9ess6    
,fur!r1 w\ld n1 9 ?is case1 ! mo/ p]fect
 k ( 8 economy be dem&$ ( ! animal      
man--w\ld n ! *ild ne$ to be a ma/] 9 a 
bran* ( k 9 :i*1 aft] fifty ye>s (      
inve/igation1 ,h>vey1 ,bo]haave1 &      
,hall] 7 only beg9n]s8 ,! s\l c\ld ?us h
 positively no idea ( ! condition %e 0  
call$ ^u to alt]4 ,h[ %all %e become    
acqua9t$ ) x8 h[ %all %e beg9 to act at 
all8   #a ,b we h some?+ m ?an ! animal 
life ( ! animal 7bea/74 ,a bea/ lives an
 animal life 9 ord] t x may exp]i5ce    
pleasant s5sations4 ,x exp]i5ces        
pleasant s5sations t x may pres]ve !    

animal life4 ,x lives n[1 !re=e1 9 ord] 
t x may live aga9 tomorr[4 ,x is happy  
n[ t x may be happy to-morr[4 ,b x is a 
simple1 an unc]ta9 happ9ess1 :i* dep5ds 
^u ! action ( ! organism1 x is a slave  
to luck & bl9d *ance2 because x consi/s 
9 s5sation only4 ,man1 too1 lives an    
animal life1--is s5sible ( its pleasures
 & suff]s its pa9s4 ,b :y8 ,he feels &  
suff]s t he may pres]ve 8 animal life4  
,he pres]ves 8 animal life t he may     
long] h ! p[] to live a spiritual "o4   
,"h1 !n1 ! means diff] f ! end2 !re1 end
 & means seem to co9cide4 ,?is is "o ( !
 l9es ( sep>ation betwe5 man & ! animal4
    ,s #e4--;,animal ,s5sations4   ,s f>
 we h met ) su* s5sations only z !y take
 _! rise 9 an antec$5t op]ation ( !     
und]/&+2 b we h n[ to deal ) s5sations 9
 :i* ! und]/&+ be>s no "p4 ,^!          
s5sations1 if !y are n exactly !        
expression ( ! pres5t /ate ( our organs1
 m>k x out specifically1 or1 bett]1     
accompany x4 ,^! s5sations h quickly &  
=cibly to det]m9e ! w to av]sion or     

desire2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 !y are ev] to   
float on ! surface ( ! s\l1 & nev] to   
ext5d to ! prov9ce ( ! reason4 ,! "p1   
accord+ly1 play$ by ?\ght1 9 ! case ( a 
m5tal p]ception1 is "h tak5 up by t     
modification 9 ! animal p>ts ( u :i*    
ei!r ?reat5s ! de/ruction ( ! s5sation  
or insures its duration3 t is1 an et]nal
 law ( wisdom has comb9$ ) t condition (
 ! ma*9e :i* confirms its welf>e1 a     
pleasant emotion ( ! s\l2 &1 on ! o!r   
h&1 ) t condition :i* und]m9es x &      
?reat5s ru91 an unpleasant emotion is   
connect$2 & ?is 9 su* a mann] t !       
s5sation itself has n ! fa9te/          
resemblance to ! /ate ( ! organs ( :i* x
 is ! m>k4 ,animal s5sations h1 on ?is  
%[+1 a d\ble orig93 7#a7 9 ! pres5t /ate
 ( ! ma*9e2 7#b7 9 ! capacity or faculty
 7( s5sation74  ,we are n[ able to      
und]/& h[ x is t ! animal s5sations h ! 
p[] to drive ! s\l ) an irresi/ible     
tyranny 9 ! direction ( passionate      
action1 & n seldom ga9 ! upp] h& 9 a    
/ruggle ) ^? s5sations :i* are mo/      

purely intellectual4 ,= ^! la/ ! s\l has
 produc$ by means ( ?\ght1 & !re=e !y c 
by ?\ght be solv$ or ev5 de/roy$4       
,ab/raction & philosophy h ?is p[] ov] !
 passions1 ov] op9ions--9 %ort1 ov] all 
! situations ( life2 b ! animal         
s5sations are =c$ ^u ! s\l by a bl9d    
necessity1 by a /]n me*anical law4 ,!   
und]/&+1 :i* did n create !m1 likewise  
_c dissolve !m & make !m z if !y 7 n1   
?\gh by giv+ an opposite direction to   
our att5tion x c d mu* to weak5 _! p[] &
 obscure _! pret5sions4 ,! mo/ /ubborn  
/oic1 ly+ 9 ! agony ( ! /one1 w nev] be 
able to boa/ t he did n feel its pa92 b1
 lo/ 9 ! consid]ation ( ! end ( 8       
exi/5ce1 he w be able to divide 8 :ole  
p[] ( s5sation & p]ception1 & !         
prepond]at+ pleasure ( a great          
a*ievem5t1 :i* c subord9ate ev5 pa9 to !
 g5]al welf>e1 w be victori\s ov] !     
pres5t discom=t4 ,x 0 nei!r abs5ce ( nor
 annihilation ( s5sation t enabl$       
,mucius1 :ile he 0 roa/+ 8 h& 9 ! fire1 
to gaze ^u ! foe ) ! ,roman look ( pr\d 

repose1 b ! ?\ght ( great ,rome 9       
admiration ( 8 de$4 ,?is x 0 t rul$ 9 8 
s\l1 & kept x gr&ly self-possess$1 s t !
 t]rible provocation ( ! animal pa9 0   
too slight to di/urb ! equal balance ( 8
 nature4 ,b n on ?is acc\nt 0 ! pa9 !   
,roman suff]$ less ?an x w\ld h be5 9 ! 
case ( ! mo/ effem9ate voluptu>y4 ,true 
en\gh1 ! man :o is accu/om$ to pass 8   
days 9 a /ate ( confus$ ideas w be less 
capable ( manly action1 9 ! critical    
mom5t ( s5su\s pa91 ?an he :o lives     
p]si/5tly among ideas di/9ct & cle>2 b1 
= all t1 nei!r ! l(tie/ virtue1 nor !   
pr(\nde/ philosophy1 nor ev5 div9e      
religion1 c save a man f ! result ( a   
necess>y law1 ?\gh religion c bless h]  
s]vants ev5 at ! /ake1 & make !m happy z
 ! pile gives way4  ,! wise/ purpose is 
s]v$ by ! p[] :i* ! animal s5sations    
possess ov] ! p]ceptive faculty ( ! s\l4
 ,! _s once initiat$ 9 ! my/]ies ( a    
high] pleasure w\ld look ) disda9 ^u !  
motions ( its companion1 & w\ld pay no  
he$ to ! poor necessities ( physical    

life1 7 x n t ! animal feel+ compell$ x 
to d s4 ,! ma!matician1 so>+ 9 ! region 
( ! inf9ite1 & dream+ away reality 9 a  
_w ( ab/ractions1 is r\s$ by ! pang (   
hung] f 8 intellectual slumb]2 ! natural
 philosoph]1 dismemb]+ ! sol> sy/em1    
accompany+ ?r\gh immeasurable space !   
w&]+s ( ! planets1 is re/or$ by ! prick 
( a ne$le to 8 "m e>?2 ! philosoph] :o  
unfolds ! nature ( ! ,deity1 & fancies  
himself to h brok5 ?r\gh ! fett]s (     
mortality1 returns to himself & ev]yday 
life :5 ! bleak nor? w9d :i/les ?r\gh 8 
crazy hut1 & tea*es him t he /&s midway 
betwe5 ! bea/ & ! angel4  ,aga9/ an     
excess ( ! animal s5sations ! sev]e/    
m5tal ex]tion 9 ! end possesses no      
influ5ce2 z !y cont9ue to gr[ /rong]1   
reason closes h] e>s1 & ! fett]$ s\l    
moves b to subs]ve ! purposes ( ! bodily
 organization4 ,to satisfy hung] or to  
qu5* ?ir/ man w d de$s at :i* humanity w
 %udd]3 aga9/ 8 w he turns traitor or   
murd]]--ev5 cannibal3--    ,tig]6 9 !   
bosom ( ?y "m wilt ?\ set ?y tee?8  --s 

viol5t is ! influ5ce ( ! animal s5sation
 ov] ! m9d4 ,su* wat*ful c>e has !      
,creator %[n = ! pres]vation ( ! ma*9e t
 ! pill>s on :i* x re/s are ! firme/1 & 
exp]i5ce has taught u t x is r !        
ov]-abundance ?an ! want ( animal       
s5sations t has c>ri$ de/ruction ) x4   
,! animal s5sations !re=e may be said to
 fur!r ! welf>e ( ! animal nature1 j z !
 moral & intellectual p]ceptions promote
 spiritual progress or p]fection4 ,!    
sy/em ( animal s5sations & motions1 !n1 
comprises ! conception ( ! animal       
nature4 ,?is is ! gr\nd on :i* all !    
activities ( ! s\l dep5d1 & ! con=mation
 ( ?is fabric det]m9es ! duration ( !   
spiritual activity itself1 & ! degree ( 
ease ) :i* x works4 ,"h1 !n1 we f9d     
ourselves 9 possession ( ! fir/ memb] ( 
! connection betwe5 ! two natures4    ,s
 #f4--,objections aga9/ ! ,connection ( 
! ,two ,natures1 drawn f ,ideas (       
,morality4   ,!re is no d\bt t ?us mu* w
 be conc$$2 b ! next rem>k w be3 ,"h    
ends1 too1 any det]m9+ influ5ce ! body  

may possess2 beyond ?is po9t ! body is b
 ! s\l's in]t companion1 ) :om %e mu/   
su/a9 a con/ant battle1 att5dance on ^: 
necessities robs h] ( all leisure1 ^:   
attacks & int]ruptions break ! ?read ( !
 mo/ intricate speculation1 & drive ! _s
 f ! cle>e/ & pla9e/ conceptions into a 
*aotic complexity ( ! s5ses1 ^:         
pleasures remove ! greate/ "p ( our     
fell[-creatures f> f _! high orig9al1 & 
r$uce !m to ! level ( ! bea/s1 :i*1 9 a 
^w1 entangles !m 9 a slav]y f :i* dea?  
only c deliv] !m4 ,is x n s5seless &    
inju/1 our compla9] might g on to say1  
to mix up a be+1 simple1 necess>y1 t has
 its subsi/5ce 9 itself1 ) ano!r be+ t  
moves 9 an et]nal :irl1 expos$ to e     
*ance & *ange1 & becomes ! victim ( e   
ext]nal necessity8 ,on cool] aft]?\ght  
we %all p]haps see a great beauty take  
its rise out ( ?is app>5t confusion &   
want ( plan4    ,,philosophical         
,,connection4  ,,animal ,,impulses      
,,awak5 ,,& ,,develop ,,! ,,impulses ,,(
 ,,! ,,s\l4  ,s #g4--,! ,me?o4   ,!     

sure/ way1 p]haps1 to ?r[ "s light ^u   
?is matt] is ! foll[+3 ,let u deta* f   
man all idea ( :at c be call$           
organization1--t is1 let ! body be      
sep>at$ f ! _s1 )\t1 h[ev]1 depriv+ !   
latt] ( ! p[] to atta9 to repres5tations
 (1 & to produce actions 91 ! corporeal 
_w2 & let u !n inquire h[ ! _s w\ld set 
to "w1 w\ld develop its p[]s1 :at /eps x
 w\ld take t[>ds its p]fection3 ! result
 ( ?is inve/igation mu/ be f\nd$ ^u     
facts4 ,! actual culture ( ! individual 
man is ?us survey$1 :ile we at ! same "t
 obta9 a view ( ! developm5t ( ! :ole   
race4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 we h ?is     
ab/ract case3 ! p[] ( repres5tation & w 
are pres5t1 a sph]e ( action is pres5t1 
& a free way op5$ f ! s\l to ! _w1 f !  
_w to ! s\l4 ,! "q !n is1 ,h[ w ! _s    
act8    ,s #h4-,! ,s\l view$ z out (    
connection ) ! ,body4   ,we c =m no     
conception )\t ! antec$5t w to =m x2 no 
w1 unless by exp]i5ce ( a bett]         
condition !reby induc$1 )\t "s s5sation2
 no s5sation )\t an antec$5t idea 7=    

along ) ! body we exclud$ bodily        
s5sations71 !re=e no idea )\t an idea4  
,let u consid] n[ ! case ( a *ild2 t is1
 accord+ to our hypo!sis1 a _s consci\s 
9 itself ( ! p[] to =m ideas1 b :i* = ! 
fir/ "t is ab\t to ex]cise ?is p[]4 ,:at
 w det]m9e him to ?9k1 unless x be !    
pleasant s5sation !reby aris+1 & :at c h
 procur$ = him ! exp]i5ce ( ?is         
pleasurable s5sation8 ,we h j se5 t ?is1
 aga91 c\ld be no?+ b ?9k+1 & he is n[ =
 ! fir/ "t to ?9k4 ,fur!r1 :at %all     
invite him to a consid]ation ( ! ext]nal
 _w8 ,no?+ b ! exp]i5ce ( its p]fection 
9 s f> z x satisfies 8 in/9ct (         
activity1 & z ?is satisfaction af=ds him
 pleasure4 ,:at1 !n1 c det]m9e him to an
 ex]cise ( 8 p[]s8 ,no?+ b ! exp]i5ce ( 
_! exi/5ce2 & all ^! exp]i5ces are n[ to
 be made = ! fir/ "t4 ,he mu/ !re=e h   
be5 active f all et]nity--:i* is contr>y
 to ! case z /at$--or he w to all       
et]nity be inactive1 j z ! ma*9e )\t a  
t\* f )\t rema9s idle & motionless4     
,s #i4--,! ,s\l view$ 9 connection ) !  

,body4   ,n[ let ! animal be add$ to !  
_s4 ,weave ^! two natures s closely     
toge!r z !y really are closely wov51 &  
cause an unkn[n some?+1 born ( ! economy
 ( ! animal body1 to be assail$ by ! p[]
 ( s5sation1--let ! s\l be plac$ 9 !    
condition ( physical pa94 ,t 0 ! fir/   
t\*1 ! fir/ ray to light up ! night (   
slumb]+ p[]s1 a t\* z f a gold5 f+] ^u  
nature's lute4 ,n[ is s5sation !re1 &   
s5sation only 0 x t be=e we miss$4 ,?is 
k9d ( s5sation seems to h be5 made on   
purpose to remove all ^! difficulties4  
,9 ! fir/ case none c\ld be produc$     
because we 7 n all[$ to presuppose an   
idea2 "h a modification ( ! bodily      
organs becomes a sub/itute = ! ideas t 7
 lack+1 & ?us does animal s5sation come 
to ! help ( ! spirits inw>d me*anism1 if
 ,i may s call x1 & puts ! same 9       
motion4 ,! w is active1 & ! action ( a  
s+le p[] is suffici5t to set all ! re/  
to "w4 ,! foll[+ op]ations are          
self-develop$ & d n belong to ?is *apt]4
    ,s #aj4-,out ( ! ,hi/ory ( !        

,individual4   ,let u foll[ n[ ! gr[? ( 
! s\l 9 ! individual man 9 relation to  
:at ,i am try+ to demon/rate1 & let u   
obs]ve h[ all 8 spiritual capacities gr[
 out ( motive p[]s ( s5se4  a4 ,! *ild4 
,/ill q animal2 or1 r m & at ! same "t  
less ?an animal--human animal 7= t be+  
:i* at "s "t %all be call$ man c at no  
"t h be5 only animal74 ,m wret*$ ?an an 
animal1 because he has n ev5 in/9ct--!  
animal-"m may ) less dang] leave h] "y  
?an ! "m ab&on h] *ild4 ,pa9 may =ce f  
him a cry1 b w nev] direct him to !     
s\rce f :i* x comes4 ,! milk may give   
him pleasure1 b he does n seek x4 ,he is
 altoge!r passive4     ,8 ?9k+ rises    
only to s5sation4    ,8 k is b pa91     
hung]--& :at b9ds ^! toge!r4  b4 ,! boy4
 ,"h we h already reflection1 b only 9 s
 f> z x be>s ^u ! satisfaction ( !      
animal impulse4 ,he le>ns to value1 says
 ,g>ve ,obs]vations on ,f]guson's ,moral
 ,philosophy1 p4 #cai1 ! ?+s ( o!rs1 & 8
 actions 9 respect ( o!rs1 fir/ ( all   
?r\gh ! fact ( _! af=d+ him s5su\s      

pleasure4  ,a love ( "w1 ! love to 8    
p>5ts1 to fri5ds1 yea ev5 love to ,god1 
mu/ g along ! pa?way ( physical s5se    
,s9nli*keit to rea* 8 s\l4 ,t only is ! 
sun1 z ,g>ve else:]e obs]ves1 :i* 9     
itself enlight5s & w>ms3 all o!r objects
 are d>k & cold2 b !y too c be w>m$ &   
illum9$ :5 !y ent] into su* a connection
 ) ! same z to become p>tak]s ( its     
rays4 ,obs]vations on ,f]guson's ,moral 
,philosophy1 p4 #cic4 ,! good ?+s ( ! _s
 possess a value ) ! boy only by        
transf]r5ce--!y are ! spiritual means to
 an animal end4  c4 ,y\? & man4 ,!      
frequ5t repetition ( ?is process (      
induction at la/ br+s ab\t a read9ess1 &
 ! transf]r5ce beg9s to discov] a beauty
 9 :at at fir/ 0 reg>d$ simply z a      
means4 ,! y\? beg9s to l+] 9 ! process  
)\t kn[+ :y4 ,)\t obs]v+ x1 he is (t5   
attract$ to ?9k ab\t ?is means4 ,n[ is !
 "t :5 ! beams ( spiritual beauty 9     
itself beg9 to fall ^u 8 op5 s\l2 !     
feel+ ( ex]cis+ 8 p[]s delights him1 &  
infuses an incl9ation to ! object :i*1  

up to ?is "t1 0 a means only3 ! fir/ end
 is =gott54 ,8 enlight5$ m9d & ! ri*]   
/ore ( 8 ideas at la/ reveal to him !   
:ole wor? ( spiritual pleasures--! means
 has become ! highe/ end4  ,su* is !    
tea*+ m or less ( ! hi/ory ( ea*        
individual man-- ^: means ( education h 
be5 fairly good2 & wisdom c\ld h>dly    
*oose a bett] road along :i* to lead    
mank9d4 ,is n ! mass ( ! p ev5 to ?is   
day 9 lead+-/r+s8--mu* l our boy4 ,& has
 n ! prophet f ,m$9a left u an example (
 /rik+ pla9ness h[ to bridle ! rude     
nature ( ! ,s>ac5s8  ,on ?is subject    
no?+ m excell5t c be said ?an :at ,g>ve 
rem>k$ 9 8 translation ( ,f]guson's     
,moral ,philosophy1 9 ! *apt] ^u !      
,natural ,impulses1 & has develop$ z    
foll[s3 ,! impulse ( self-pres]vation & 
! attraction ( s5sual pleasure fir/ br+ 
bo? man & bea/ to ! po9t ( action3 he   
fir/ comes to value ! ?+s ( o!rs & 8 own
 actions 9 ref]5ce to !m accord+ z !y   
procure him pleasure4 ,9 proportion z ! 
numb] ( ?+s "u ^: influ5ce he comes     

increases d 8 desires cov] a wid]       
circle2 z ! road by :i* he rea*es !     
objects ( 8 wi%es l5g!ns1 s d 8 desires 
become m artificial4 ,"h we come to !   
fir/ l9e ( sep>ation betwe5 man & ! m]e 
animal1 & h]e9 we may ev5 discov] a     
diff]5ce betwe5 "o species ( animal &   
ano!r4 ,) few animals does ! act ( fe$+ 
foll[ imm$iately ^u ! s5sation ( hung]2 
! heat ( ! *ase1 or ! indu/ry (         
collection mu/ come fir/4 ,b 9 ! case ( 
no animal does ! satisfaction ( ?is want
 foll[ s late ^u ! prep>ations made 9   
ref]5ce !reto z 9 ! case ( man2 ) no    
animal does ! endeavor w9d ?r\gh s long 
a *a9 ( means & int5tions be=e x arrives
 at ! la/ l9k4 ,h[ f> remov$ f ?is end1 
?\gh 9 reality !y h no o!r1 are ! labors
 ( ! artisan or ! pl\ghman4 ,b ev5 ?is  
is n all4 ,:5 ! means ( human subsi/5ce 
h become ri*] & m v>i\s ?r\gh !         
in/itutions ( society2 :5 man beg9s to  
discov] t )\t a full exp5diture ( "t &  
labor a surplus rema9s to him2 :5 at !  
same "t by ! communication ( ideas he   

becomes m enlight5$2 !n he beg9s to f9d 
a la/ end = all 8 actions 9 himself2 he 
!n rem>ks t1 ev5 :5 8 hung] is ?or\ghly 
satisfi$1 a good supply ( raim5t1 a ro( 
above him1 & a suffici5cy ( furniture )9
 doors1 !re /ill rema9s some?+ ov] &    
above = him to d4 ,he goes a /ep fur!r1 
he becomes consci\s t 9 ^? v actions by 
:i* he has procur$ = himself food &     
com=t--9 s f> z !y h _! orig9 9 c]ta9   
p[]s ( a _s1 & 9 s f> z !y ex]cise ^!   
p[]s--!re lies a high] good ?an 9 !     
ext]nal ends :i* !reby are atta9$4 ,f   
?is mom5t on he works1 inde$--9 company 
) ! re/ ( ! human race1 & along ) ! :ole
 animal k+dom--to keep himself alive1 & 
to provide = himself & 8 fri5ds !       
necess>ies ( physical exi/5ce2--= :at   
else c\ld he d8 ,:at o!r sph]e ( action 
c\ld he create = himself1 if he 7 to    
leave ?is8 ,b he kn[s n[ t nature has n 
s mu* awak5$ 9 him ^! v>i\s impulses &  
desires = ! purpose ( af=d+ s _m        
p>ticul> pleasures1--b1 & f> m1 places  
be=e him ! attraction ( ^? pleasures &  

advantages1 9 ord] t ^! impulses may be 
put 9 motion--& ) ?is end1 t to a ?9k+  
be+ !re may be giv5 matt] = ?\ght1 to a 
s5sitive _s matt] = s5sations1 to !     
b5evol5t means ( b5efic5ce1 & to !      
active opportunity = "w4 ,?us does      
ev]y?+1 liv+ or lifeless1 assume to him 
a new =m4 ,all ! facts & *anges ( life 7
 =m]ly e/imat$ by him only 9 s f> z !y  
caus$ him pleasure or pa93 n[1 9 s f> z 
!y (f] occasion = expression ( 8 desire 
( p]fection4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 ev5ts are  
n[ good1 n[ bad2 9 ! latt]1 all are     
equally good4 ,= !re is no *ance or     
accid5t :i* does n give scope = !       
ex]cise ( "s virtue1 or = ! employm5t ( 
a special faculty4 ,at fir/ he lov$ 8   
fell[s because he believ$ t !y c\ld be (
 use to him2 he loves !m n[ f>          
m--because he looks ^u b5evol5ce z !    
condition ( ! p]fect m9d4    ,s #aa4-;,f
 ! ,hi/ory ( ,humanity4   ,yet once m1 a
 glance at ! univ]sal hi/ory ( ! :ole   
human race--f its cradle to ! maturity (
 full-gr[n man--& ! tru? ( :at has be5  

said up to ?is po9t w /& =? 9 cle>e/    
relief4  ,hung] & nak$ness fir/ made (  
man a hunt]1 a fi%]1 a c[h]d1 a         
husb&man1 & a build]4 ,s5sual pleasure  
f\nd$ families1 & ! def5celessness (    
s+le m5 0 ! orig9 ( ! tribe4 ,"h already
 may ! fir/ roots ( ! social duties be  
discov]$4 ,! soil w\ld soon become too  
poor = ! increas+ multitude ( m52 hung] 
w\ld drive !m to o!r climates & c\ntries
 t w\ld discov] _! weal? to ! necessity 
t =c$ m5 to seek x2 9 ! process !y w\ld 
le>n _m improvem5ts 9 ! cultivation ( ! 
soil1 & p]haps "s means to escape !     
hurtful influ5ce ( _m ?+s !y w\ld       
necess>ily enc\nt]4 ,^! sep>ate         
exp]i5ces pass$ f gr&fa!r to gr&son1 &  
_! numb] 0 always on ! increase4 ,man   
le>n$ to use ! p[]s ( nature aga9/      
h]self2 ^! p[]s 7 br\ght into new       
relations & ! fir/ inv5tion 0 made4 ,"h 
we h ! fir/ roots ( ! simple & heal+    
arts--always1 we admit1 art & inv5tion =
 ! beho( ( ! animal1 b /ill an ex]cise (
 p[]1 an addition to k2 & at ! v fire 9 

^: emb]s ! savage roa/$ 8 fi%1 ,bo]haave
 aft]w>ds made 8 inquiries into !       
composition ( bodies2 ?r\gh ! v knife   
:i* ?is wild man us$ to cut up 8 game1  
,lionet inv5t$ :at l$ to 8 discov]y ( ! 
n]ves ( insects2 ) ! v circle :]e) at   
fir/ ho(s 7 measur$1 ,newton measures   
heav5 & e>?4 ,?us did ! body =ce ! m9d  
to pay att5tion to ! ph5om5a ar\nd x2   
?us 0 ! _w made int]e/+ & important1    
?r\gh be+ made indisp5sable4 ,! inw>d   
activity ( _! nature1 & ! b>r5ness ( _! 
native soil1 comb9$ 9 tea*+ our =efa!rs 
to =m bold] plans1 & inv5t$ = !m a h\se 
:]e91 "u conduct ( ! />s1 !y c\ld safely
 move ^u riv]s & seas1 & sail t[>d      
regions new3--     ,fluctibus ignotis   
insultav]e c>9ae4    7,_! keels danc$ ^u
 waves unkn[n47  ,"h aga9 !y met ) new  
productions ( nature1 new dang]s1 new   
ne$s t call$ = new ex]tions4 ,!         
collision ( animal in/9cts drives hordes
 aga9/ hordes1 =ges a sword out ( ! raw 
metal1 begets adv5tur]s1 h]oes1 &       
despots4 ,t[ns are =tifi$1 /ates are    

f\nd$3 ) ! /ates arise civic duties &   
rights1 arts1 figures1 codes ( law1     
subtle prie/s--& gods4  ,& n[1 :5       
necessities h deg5]at$ into luxury1 :at 
a b\ndless field is op5$ to our eyes6   
,n[ are ! ve9s ( ! e>? burr[$ ?r\gh1 !  
foot ( man is plant$ on ! bottom ( !    
sea1 comm]ce & travel fl\ri%3--         
,latet sub classibus aequor4    7,! sea 
is hid b5ea? ! fleets47  ,! ,we/ wond]s 
at ! ,ea/1 ! ,ea/ at ! ,we/2 !          
productions ( =eign c\ntries accu/om    
!mselves to gr[ "u o!r skies1 & ! art ( 
g>d5+ %[s ! products ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( !  
_w 9 "o g>d54 ,arti/s le>n h] works f   
nature1 music soo!s ! savage brea/1     
beauty & h>mony ennoble ta/e & mann]s1 &
 art leads ! way to sci5ce & virtue4    
,man1 says ,s*loez] see ,s*loez]'s ,plan
 ( 8 ,univ]sal ,hi/ory1 ,s #f1 ?is      
mighty demigod1 cle>s rocks f 8 pa?1    
digs out lakes1 & drives 8 pl\gh :]e    
once ! sail 0 se54 ,by canals he        
sep>ates qu>t]s ( ! globe & prov9ces f  
"o ano!r2 leads "o /ream to ano!r &     

dis*>ges !m ^u a s&y des]t1 *ang$ !reby 
into smil+ mead[2 ?ree qu>t]s ( ! globe 
he plund]s & transplants !m into a f\r?4
 ,ev5 climate1 air1 & wea!r ackn[l$ge 8 
sway4 ,:ile he roots out =e/s & dra9s ! 
swamp1 ! heav5 gr[s cle> above 8 head1  
moi/ure & mi/ are lo/1 w9t] becomes     
mild] & %ort]1 because riv]s are no     
long] froz5 ov]4 ,& ! m9d ( man is ref9$
 ) ! ref9+ ( 8 clime4  ,! /ate occupies 
! citiz5 9 ! necessities & com=ts (     
life4 ,indu/ry gives ! /ate security &  
re/ f )\t2 f )91 grant+ to ?9k] & arti/ 
t fruitful leisure ?r\gh :i* ! age (    
,augu/us came to be call$ ! ,gold5 ,age4
 ,! arts n[ take a m d>+ & untrammell$  
flight1 sci5ce w9s a light pure & dry1  
natural hi/ory & physical sci5ce %att]  
sup]/ition1 hi/ory ext5ds a mirror ( !  
times t 71 & philosophy laughs at !     
follies ( mank9d4 ,b :5 luxury gr[s into
 effem9acy & excess1 :5 ! bones beg9 to 
a*e1 & ! pe/il5ce to spread & ! air     
becomes infect$1 man ha/5s 9 8 di/ress f
 "o realm ( nature to ano!r1 t he may at

 lea/ f9d means = less5+ 8 pa9s4 ,!n he 
f9ds ! div9e plant ( ,*9a2 f ! b[els ( !
 e>? he digs out ! mightily-work+       
m]cury1 & f ! poppy ( ! ,ea/ le>ns to   
di/il its preci\s juice4 ,! mo/ hidd5   
corn]s ( nature are inve/igat$2 *emi/ry 
sep>ates mat]ial objects into _!        
ultimate elem5ts1 & creates worlds ( h] 
own2 al*emi/s enri* ! prov9ce ( physical
 sci5ce2 ! microscopic glance ( a       
,s*wamm]dam surprises nature 9 h] mo/   
secret op]ations4 ,man goes /ill fur!r2 
necessity or curiosity transc5ds !      
b\nd>ies set by sup]/ition3 he seizes ! 
knife1 takes c\rage1 & ! ma/]piece (    
nature is discov]$1 ev5 man4 ,?us did x 
behoove ! lea/1 ! poore/1 to help u to  
rea* ! highe/2 disease & dea? mu/ l5d _!
 aid to man 9 tea*+ him ,gno?i seauton  
7,"k ?yself674 ,! plague produc$ & =m$  
our ,hippocrates1 our ,syd5hams1 z w> is
 ! "m ( g5]als2 & we owe to ! mo/       
deva/at+ disease t ev] visit$ humanity  
an entire re=mation ( our m$ical sy/em4 
,our int5tion 0 to %[ ! influ5ce ^u !   

p]fect+ ( ! s\l ?r\gh ! temp]ate        
enjoym5t ( ! pleasures held out by !    
s5ses2 & h[ m>vell\sly has ! matt]      
*ang$1 ev5 :ile "u our h&s6 ,we f\nd t  
ev5 excess & abuse 9 ?is direction h    
fur!r$ ! real dem&s ( humanity2 !       
deflections f ! primitive end (         
nature--m]*ants1 conqu]ors1 & luxury--h1
 und\bt$ly1 t5d$ to ha/5 a progress :i* 
_h o!rwise be5 m regul>1 b v sl[4 ,let u
 comp>e ! old _w ) ! new6 ,9 ! fir/1    
desire 0 simple1 its satisfaction easy2 
b h[ mi/ak51 h[ pa9ful 0 ! judgm5t pass$
 on nature & h] laws6 ,n[1 ! road is    
made m difficult by a ?\s& w9d+s1 b h[  
full ! light t has be5 %$ ^u all our    
conceptions6  ,we may1 !n1 repeat3 ,man 
ne$$ to be an animal be=e he knew t he 0
 a _s2 he ne$$ to crawl 9 ! du/ be=e he 
v5tur$ on a ,newtonian flight ?r\gh !   
univ]se4 ,! body1 !re=e1 is ! fir/ spur 
to action2 s5se ! fir/ /ep on ! ladd] to
 p]fection4    ,,animal ,,s5sations     
,,accompany ,,m5tal ,,s5sations4  ,s    
#ab4--,law4   ,! und]/&+ ( man is       

extremely limit$1 &1 !re=e1 all         
s5sations result+ f its action mu/ (    
necessity be also limit$4 ,9 ord]1      
!re=e1 to give ^! s5sations great]      
impulse1 & ) r$\bl$ =ce to attract ! w  
to good & re/ra9 x f evil1 bo? natures1 
! spiritual & ! animal1 are s intimately
 connect$ ) ea* o!r t _! modifications1 
be+ mutually int]*ang$1 imp>t /r5g? to  
"o ano!r4 ,h5ce arises a fundam5tal law 
( mix$ natures1 :i*1 be+ r$uc$ to its   
prim>y divisions1 runs ?us3 ! activities
 ( ! body correspond to ! activities ( !
 m9d2 t is1 any ov]/ra9+ ( a m5tal      
activity is necess>ily foll[$ by an     
ov]/ra9+ ( c]ta9 bodily actions1--j z ! 
equilibrium1 or h>moni\s action1 ( !    
m5tal p[]s is associat$ ) t ( ! bodily  
p[]s 9 p]fect accord4 ,fur!r3 m5tal     
indol5ce induces indol5ce 9 ! bodily    
actions2 m5tal inaction causes !m to    
cease altoge!r4 ,?us1 z p]fection is ev]
 accompani$ by pleasure1 imp]fection by 
! abs5ce ( pleasure1 ?is law may be ?us 
express$3 ,m5tal pleasure is inv>iably  

att5d$ by animal pleasure1 m5tal pa9 by 
animal pa94 ,complac5cy & ,displac5cy   
p]haps m aptly express ! mean+ ( ,lu/ & 
,unlu/1 :i* we translate by pleasure &  
pa94    ,s #ac4--,m5tal ,pleasure fur!rs
 ! ,welf>e ( ! ,human ,frame4   ,?us1 a 
s5sation :i* embraces )9 its range !    
:ole spiritual be+ agitates 9 ! same    
measure ! :ole framework ( ! organic    
body1--he>t1 ve9s & blood1 muscles &    
n]ves1 all1 f ^? mighty n]ves t give to 
! he>t its liv+ impulse ( motion d[n to 
! t9y & unimportant n]ves by :i* hairs  
are atta*$ to ! sk91 %>e equally its    
influ5ce4 ,ev]y?+ t5ds to a m viol5t    
motion4 ,if ! s5sation be an agreeable  
"o1 all ^! p>ts w acquire a high] degree
 ( h>moni\s activity2 ! he>t's beat w be
 free1 lively1 uni=m1 ! blood w fl[     
un*eck$1 g5tly or ) fi]y spe$1 accord+ z
 ! affection is ( a g5tle or viol5t     
description2 dige/ion1 secretion1 &     
excretion w foll[ _! natural c\rse2 !   
excitable membranes w pliantly play 9 a 
g5tle vapor-ba?1 & excitability z well z

 s5sitiv5ess w increase4 ,!re=e !       
condition ( ! greate/ mom5t>y m5tal     
pleasure is at ! same "t ! condition ( !
 greate/ bodily well-be+4  ,z _m z !re  
may be ( ^! p>tial activities 7& is n e 
beat ( ! pulse ! result p]haps ( ?\s&s87
 s _m w be ! obscure s5sations cr[d+ ^u 
! s\l1 ea* "o ( :i* indicates p]fection4
 ,out ( ?is confus$ complexity arises   
entire s5sation ( ! animal h>monies1 t  
is1 ! highe/ possible comb9$ s5sation ( 
animal pleasure1 :i* ranges itself1 z x 
71 alongside ( ! orig9al intellectual or
 moral s5sation1 :i* ?is addition       
inf9itely increases4 ,?us is e agreeable
 affection ! s\rce ( c\ntless bodily    
pleasures4  ,?is is mo/ evid5tly        
confirm$ by ! examples ( sick p]sons :o 
h be5 cur$ by joy4 ,let "o :om a t]rible
 home-sickness has wa/$ to a skeleton be
 br\ght back to 8 native l&1 & ! bloom (
 heal? w soon be 8 aga92 or let u ent] a
 prison 9 :i* mis]able m5 h = t5 or     
tw5ty ye>s inhabit$ fil?y dungeons &    
possess at la/ b>ely /r5g? to move1--&  

let u tell !m sudd5ly !y are free2 !    
s+le ^w ( fre$om w end[ _! limbs ) !    
/r5g? ( y\?1 & cause dead eyes to sp>kle
 ) life4 ,sailors1 :om ?ir/ & fam9e h   
made _! prey dur+ a long voyage1 are    
half cur$ by ! /e]sman's cry ( ,l&6 & he
 w\ld c]ta9ly greatly err :o ascrib$ !  
:ole result to a prospect ( fre% food4  
,! sight ( a de> "o1 :om ! suff]] has   
long desir$ to see1 su/a9s ! life t 0   
ab\t to g1 & imp>ts /r5g? & heal?4 ,x is
 a fact1 t joy c quick5 ! n]v\s sy/em m 
effectually ?an all ! cordials ( !      
apo!c>y1 & c d wond]s 9 ! case (        
invet]ate int]nal disord]s d5i$ to !    
action ( rhub>b & ev5 m]cury4 ,:o !n    
does n p]ceive t ! con/itution ( ! s\l  
:i* kn[s h[ to d]ive pleasure f e ev5t &
 c dissipate e a*e 9 ! p]fection ( !    
univ]se1 mu/ be ! mo/ b5eficial to !    
:ole organism8 & ?is con/itution ( ! s\l
 is--virtue4    ,s #ad4--,m5tal pa9     
und]m9es ! ,welf>e ( ! ,:ole ,organisms4
   ,9 ! v same way1 ! opposite result is
 br\ght ab\t by a disagreeable affection

 ( ! m9d4 ,! ideas :i* rule s int5sely !
 angry or t]rifi$ man may1 z rightly z  
,plato call$ ! passions a fev] ( ! s\l1 
be reg>d$ z convulsions ( ! organ (     
?\ght4 ,^! convulsions quickly ext5d    
?r\gh ! n]v\s sy/em1 & s di/urb ! vital 
p[]s t !y lose _! p]fection1 & all      
organic actions lose _! equilibrium4 ,! 
he>t beats viol5tly & irregul>ly2 !     
blood is s conf9$ to ! lungs t ! fail+  
pulse has b>ely en\gh to su/a9 x4 ,!    
int]nal *emical processes are at        
cross-purposes2 b5efic5t juices lose _! 
way & "w h>m 9 o!r prov9ces1 :ile :at is
 malignant may attack ! v core ( our    
organism4 ,9 a ^w1 ! condition ( !      
greate/ m5tal di/ress becomes !         
condition ( ! greate/ bodily sickness4  
,! s\l is in=m$ ( ! ?reat5$ ru9 ( !     
organs t %\ld h be5 h] good & will+     
s]vants by a ?\s& obscure s5sations1 &  
is fill$ ) an entire s5sation ( pa91    
associat+ itself to ! prim>y m5tal      
suff]+1 & giv+ to ?is a %>p] /+4    ,s  
#ae4--;,examples4   ,deep1 *ronic pa9s (

 ! s\l1 especially if accompani$ by a   
/rong ex]tion ( ?\ght--among :i* ,i w\ld
 give a prom95t place to t l+]+ ang] :i*
 m5 call indignation--gnaw ! v          
f\ndations ( physical life1 & dry up !  
sap t n\ri% x4 ,suff]]s ( ?is k9d h a   
worn & pale appe>ance1 & ! inw>d grief  
betrays itself by ! holl[1 sunk5 eyes4  
,let me1 says ,caes>1 h m5 ab\t me t are
 fat3--     ,sleek-head$ m51 & su* z    
sleep o' nights2    ,yond' ,cassius has 
a lean & hungry look2    ,he ?9ks too   
mu*--su* m5 are dang]\s4  ,fe>1 tr\ble1 
di/ress ( consci5ce1 despair1 are little
 less p[]ful 9 _! effects ?an ! mo/     
viol5t fev]s4 ,ri*>d1 :5 9 deepe/       
anxiety1 f9ds 8 =m] *e]fulness is gone1 
& ?9ks to br+ x back ) a glass ( w9e4 ,b
 x is n m5tal sorr[ only t has bani%$   
com=t1 x is a s5sation ( discom=t       
proce$+ f ! v root ( 8 physical         
organism1 ! v same s5sation t ann\nces a
 malignant fev]4 ,! ,moor1 heavily      
burd5$ ) crimes1 & once crafty en\gh 9  
absolv+ all ! s5sations ( humanity--by 8

 skeleton-process--into no?+1 n[ rises f
 a dreadful dream1 pale & brea?less1 ) a
 cold sweat ^u 8 br[4 ,all ! images ( a 
future judgm5t :i* he _h p]haps believ$ 
9 z a boy1 & blott$ out f 8 remembrance 
z a man1 assail 8 dream-bewild]$ bra94  
,! s5sations are f> too confus$ = ! sl[]
 m>* ( reason to ov]take & unravel !m4  
,reason is /ill /ruggl+ ) fancy1 ! _s ) 
! horrors ( ! corporeal frame4 ,life (  
,moor1 trag$y ( ,krake4 ,act4 v4 sc4 #a4
   ,,moor4--,no6 ,i am n %ak+4 ,x 0 b a 
dream4 ,! dead are n beg9n+ to rise4 ,:o
 says ,i tremble & turn pale8 ,i am q   
well1 q well4  ,,b$4--,y are pale z     
dea?2 y\r voice is fright5$ & hesitat+4 
,,moor4--,i am fev]i%4 ,i w be bl$      
to-morr[4 ,say only1 :5 ! prie/ comes1 t
 ,i h fev]4  ,,b$4--,b y are v ill4     
,,moor4--,yes truly2 t is all4 ,&       
sickness di/urbs ! bra9 & bre$s /range  
mad dreams4 ,dreams mean no?+4 ,fie on  
womani% c[>dice6 ,dreams mean no?+4 ,i h
 j _h a pleasant dream4                 
,he falls d[n 9 a fa9t4  ,"h we h ! :ole

 image ( ! dream sudd5ly =c+ itself ^u a
 man1 & sett+ 9 motion ! entire sy/em ( 
obscure ideas1 /irr+ up f ! f\ndation ! 
organ ( ?\ght4 ,f all ^! causes arises  
an int5se s5sation ( pa9 9 its utmo/    
conc5tration1 :i* %att]s ! s\l f its    
dep?1 & lames p] cons5sum ! :ole        
/ructure ( ! n]ves4  ,! cold horror t   
seizes on ! man :o is ab\t to commit "s 
crime1 or :o has j committ$ "o1 is no?+ 
else ?an ! horror :i* agitates ! fev]i% 
man1 & :i* is felt on tak+ nause\s      
m$ic9es4 ,! nightly toss+s ( ^? :o are  
tr\bl$ by remorse1 always accompani$ by 
a high pulse1 are v]itable fev]s1 induc$
 by ! connection betwe5 ! physical      
organism ) ! s\l2 & ,lady ,macbe?1 walk+
 9 h] sleep1 is an in/ance ( bra9       
delirium4 ,ev5 ! imitation ( a passion  
makes ! actor = ! mom5t ill2 & aft]     
,g>rick _h play$ ,le> or ,o!llo he sp5t 
"s h\rs 9 convulsions on 8 b$4 ,ev5 !   
illusion ( ! spectator1 ?r\gh sympa?y ) 
act$ passion1 has br\ght on %iv]+1 g\t1 
& fits ( fa9t+4  ,is n he1 !n1 :o is    

plagu$ ) an evil temp]1 & draws gall &  
bitt]ness f e situation 9 life3 is n !  
vici\s man1 :o lives 9 a *ronic /ate (  
hatr$ & malevol5ce2 is n ! envi\s man1  
:o f9ds torture 9 e excell5ce ( 8       
neighbor1--are n ^!1 all ( !m1 ! greate/
 foes to _! own heal?8 ,has vice n en\gh
 ( ! horrible 9 x1 :5 x de/roys n only  
happ9ess b heal?4    ,s                 
#af4-;,exceptions4   ,b a pleasant      
affection has sometimes be5 a fatal "o1 
& an unpleasant "o has sometimes work$ a
 m>vell\s cure4 ,bo? facts re/ ^u       
exp]i5ce3 %\ld !y remove ! limits ( !   
law we h exp\nd$8  ,joy is fatal :5 x   
rises into ec/acy3 nature _c support !  
/ra9 :i* 9 "o mom5t is ?r[n ^u ! :ole   
n]v\s sy/em4 ,! motion ( ! bra9 is no   
long] h>mony1 b convulsion1 an extremely
 sudd5 & mom5t>y =ce :i* soon *anges    
into ! ru9 ( ! organism1 s9ce x has     
transgress$ ! b\nd>y l9e ( heal? 7= into
 ! v idea ( heal? !re ent]s & is        
ess5tially int]wov5 ! idea ( a c]ta9    
mod]ation ( all natural motions74 ,! joy

 z well z ! grief ( f9ite be+s is       
limit$1 & d>e n pass beyond a c]ta9 po9t
 )\t ru94  ,z f> z ! second "p is       
conc]n$1 we h _m examples ( cure1 ?r\gh 
a mod]ate fit ( ang]1 ( invet]ate       
dyspepsia2 & ?r\gh fright1--z 9 ! case (
 a fire--( rheumatic pa9s & lam5ess     
app>5tly incurable4 ,b ev5 dys5t]y has  
sometimes resolv$ an int]nal /oppage1 & 
! it* has be5 a cure = melan*oly madness
 & insanity3 is ! it*1 = ?is1 less a    
disease8--is dys5t]y !re=e heal?4    ,s 
#ag4--;,indol5ce ( ,m9d br+s ab\t great]
 ,indol5ce 9 ! ,organic ,movem5ts4   ,z1
 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,h]r von       
,hall]1 activity ( m9d dur+ ! day t5ds  
to quick5 ! pulse t[>ds ev5+1 w n       
indol5ce ( m9d make x m sluggi%1 &      
absolute inactivity completely /op x8   
,=1 al?\gh ! circulation ( ! blood does 
n seem to be s v dep5d5t on ! m9d1 is x 
altoge!r unreasonable to suppose t !    
he>t1 :i*1 9 any case1 borr[s f ! bra9 !
 l>g] portion ( its /r5g?1 mu/          
necess>ily1 :5 ! s\l ceases to ma9ta9 ! 

action ( ! bra91 suff] !reby a great    
loss ( p[]8 ,a condition ( phlegm is    
accompani$ by a sluggi% pulse1 ! blood  
is ?9 & wat]y1 & ! circulation defective
 9 ! abdom54 ,! idiots1 :om ,muzell has 
describ$ = u ,muzell's ,m$ical &        
,surgical ,consid]ations41 brea!d sl[ly 
& ) difficulty1 _h no incl9ation to eat 
& dr9k1 nor to ! natural functions2 !   
pulse 0 sl[1 all bodily movem5ts        
slumb]\s & indicative ( we>9ess4 ,!     
m5tal numbness :i* is ! result ( t]ror  
or wond] is sometimes accompani$ by a   
g5]al susp5sion ( all natural physical  
activity4 ,0 ! m9d ! orig9 ( ?is        
condition1 or 0 x ! body :i* br\ght ab\t
 ?is torpid /ate ( m9d8 ,b ^!           
consid]ations lead to subtleties &      
intricate que/ions1 &1 besides1 mu/ n be
 discuss$ 9 ?is place4    ,s            
#ah4--,second ,law4   ,all t has be5    
said ( ! transf]r5ce ( ! m5tal s5sations
 to ! animal holds true ( ! transf]r5ce 
( animal affections to ! m5tal4 ,bodily 
sickness--= ! mo/ "p ! natural result ( 

intemp]ance--br+s its puni%m5t 9 ! =m ( 
bodily pa92 b ! m9d also _c escape a    
radical attack1 9 ord] t a tw(old pa9   
may m p[]fully impress ^u x ! necessity 
( re/ra9t 9 ! desires4 ,9 l mann] !     
feel+ ( bodily heal? is accompani$ by a 
m lively consci\sness ( m5tal           
improvem5t1 & man is ?us ! m spurr$ on  
to ma9ta9 8 body 9 good condition4 ,we  
arrive ?us at a second law ( mix$       
natures--t1 ) ! free action ( ! bodily  
organism1 ! s5sations & ideas ga9 a fre]
 fl[2 & le>n t1 ) a corrupt$ organism1  
corruption ( ! ?9k+ faculty & ( !       
s5sations inevitably foll[s4 ,or1 m     
%ortly1 t ! g5]al s5sation ( a h>moni\s 
animal life is ! f\nta9 ( m5tal         
pleasure1 & t animal pa9 & sickness is !
 f\nta9 ( m5tal pa94  ,9 ^! diff]5t     
respects1 or f _! consid]ation1 s\l &   
body may n unaptly be comp>$ ) two /r+$ 
in/rum5ts tun$ by ! same h&1 & plac$    
alongside ( "o ano!r4 ,:5 a /r+ ( "o (  
!m is t\*$ & a c]ta9 tone goes =?1 !    
correspond+ /r+ ( ! o!r w s\nd ( itself 

& give ! same tone1 only some:at weak]4 
,&1 us+ ?is comp>ison1 we may say t !   
/r+ ( gladness 9 ! body wakes ! glad /r+
 9 ! s\l1 & ! sad /r+ ! /r+ ( sadness4  
,?is is t wond]ful & notewor?y sympa?y  
:i* unites ! het]og5e\s pr9ciples 9 man 
s z to =m "o be+4 ,man is n s\l &       
body--b ! mo/ inw>d & ess5tial bl5d+ ( !
 two4    ,s #ai4--,moods ( ,m9d result f
 ,moods ( ,body4   ,h5ce ! heav9ess1 !  
incapacity ( ?\ght1 ! discont5t$ temp]2 
:i* are ! consequ5ce ( excess 9 physical
 indulg5ce2 h5ce ! wond]ful effects (   
w9e ^u ^? :o always dr9k 9 mod]ation4   
,:5 y h drunk w9e1 says ,bro!r ,m>t91 y 
see ev]y?+ d\ble1 y ?9k d\bly easily1 y 
are d\bly ready = any und]tak+1 & twice 
z quickly br+ x to a conclusion4 ,h5ce !
 com=t & good-humor exp]i5c$ 9 f9e      
wea!r1 proce$+ p>tly f association (    
ideas1 b mo/ly f ! increas$ feel+ (     
bodily heal? t goes along ) x1 ext5d+   
ov] all ! functions ( our organism4 ,!n 
x is t p use su* expressions z1 ,i feel 
t ,i am well1 & at su* a season !y are m

 dispos$ t[>ds all mann] ( m5tal labor1 
& h a he>t m op5 to ! human] feel+s1 & m
 prompt to ! practice ( moral duties4 ,!
 same may be se5 9 ! national "* (      
diff]5t peoples4 ,^? :o dwell 9 gloomy  
regions m\rn along ) ! dismal sc5]y3 9  
wild & /ormy zones man gr[s wild3 :]e 8 
lot is ca/ 9 fri5dly climates he laughs 
) ! sky t is bright above him4 ,only "u 
! cle> heav5 ( ,greece liv$ a ,hom]1 a  
,plato1 a ,phidias2 !re 7 born ! ,muses 
& ! ,graces1 :ile ! ,lapl& mi/s c h>dly 
br+ =? m51 & nev] a g5ius4 ,:ile our    
,g]many 0 yet a wild =e/ or morass1 !   
,g]man 0 a hunt] z wild z ! bea/ ^: sk9 
he slung ab\t 8 %\ld]s4 ,z soon z       
indu/ry _h *ang$ ! aspect ( 8 c\ntry    
began ! epo* ( moral progress4 ,i w n   
ma9ta9 t "* takes its rise 9 climate    
only1 b x is c]ta9 t t[>ds !            
civilization ( a p "o ma9 means is !    
improvem5t ( _! skies4  ,! disord]s ( ! 
body may disord] ! :ole range ( our     
moral p]ceptions1 & prep>e ! way = an   
outbur/ ( ! mo/ evil passions4 ,a man ^:

 con/itution is ru9$ by a c\rse (       
dissipation is m easily l$ to extremes  
?an "o :o has kept 8 body z x %\ld be   
kept4 ,?is is1 inde$1 ! horrible plan ( 
^? :o de/roy our y\?s1 & t fa!r ( robb]s
 mu/ h kn[n man well1 :o said1 ,we mu/  
de/roy bo? body & s\l4 ,catil9e 0 a     
pr(ligate be=e he became a conspirator1 
& ,doria greatly err$ :5 he ?\ght he _h 
no cause to fe> a voluptu>y l ,fiesco4  
,on ! :ole1 x is v (t5 rem>k$ t an evil 
_s dwells 9 a sick body4  ,9 diseases   
?is sympa?y is /ill m /rik+4 ,all sev]e 
illnesses1 especially ^? ( malignant    
nature & aris+ f ! economy ( ! abdom9al 
regions1 ann\nce !mselves1 m or less1 by
 a /range revolution 9 ! "*4 ,ev5 :ile !
 disease is /ill sil5tly /eal+ ?r\gh !  
hidd5 corn]s ( our me*anism1 & und]m9+ !
 /r5g? ( n]ve1 ! m9d beg9s to anticipate
 by d>k =ebod+s ! fall ( h] companion4  
,?is is a ma9 elem5t 9 t condition :i* a
 great physician describ$ 9 a ma/]ly    
mann] "u ! "n ( ,horrores4 ,h5ce _!     
moros5ess ( disposition1 :i* none c     

acc\nt =1 _! wav]+ fancies &            
incl9ations1 _! disgu/ at :at us$ to    
give !m pleasure4 ,! amiable man gr[s   
qu>relsome1 ! m]ry man cross1 & he :o   
us$ to lose himself1 & gladly1 9 ! bu/le
 ( ! _w1 flies ! face ( man & retires   
into a gloomy melan*oly4 ,b und]nea? ?is
 trea*]\s repose ! enemy is mak+ ready =
 a deadly onslaught4 ,! univ]sal        
di/urbance ( ! entire me*anism1 :5 !    
disease once breaks =?1 is ! mo/ speak+ 
pro( ( ! wond]ful dep5d5ce ( ! s\l on ! 
body4 ,! feel+1 spr++ f a ?\s& pa9ful   
s5sations1 ( ! utt] ru9 ( ! organism1   
br+s ab\t a frightful m5tal confusion4  
,! mo/ horrible ideas & fancies rise f  
_! graves4 ,! villa9 :om no?+ c\ld move 
yields "u ! dom9ant p[] ( m]e animal    
t]ror4 ,w9*e/]1 9 dy+1 yells 9 ! angui% 
( despair4 ,! s\l is "u a t]rible       
necessity1 x w\ld seem1 ( snat*+ at     
:atev] w drag x deep] into d>kness1 &   
rejects ) ob/9ate madness e ray ( com=t4
 ,! /r+1 ! tone ( pa9 is 9 ! asc5dant1 &
 j z ! spiritual mis]y rose 9 ! bodily  

disord]1 s n[ x turns & r5d]s ! disord] 
m univ]sal & m int5se4    ,s            
#bj4--,limitations ( ! =ego+4   ,b !re  
are daily examples ( suff]]s :o         
c\rage\sly lift !mselves above bodily   
ills3 ( dy+ m5 :o1 amid/ ! di/ressful   
/ruggles ( ! frame1 ask1 ,:]e is ?y /+1 
,o dea?8 ,%\ld n wisdom1 "o might urge1 
avail to combat ! bl9d t]rors ( !       
organic nature8 ,nay1 mu* m ?an wisdom1 
%\ld religion h s little p[] to protect 
h] fri5ds aga9/ ! assaults spr++ f !    
du/8 ,or1 :at is ! same ?+1 does x n    
dep5d ^u ! prec$+ condition ( ! s\l1 z  
to h[ %e accepts ! alt]ations ( !       
processes ( life8  ,n[1 ?is is an       
irrefragable tru?4 ,philosophy1 & /ill m
 a m9d c\rage\s & elevat$ by religion1  
are capable ( completely weak5+ !       
influ5ce ( ! animal s5sations :i*       
assault ! s\l ( "o 9 pa91 & able1 z x 71
 to )draw x f all coh]5ce ) ! mat]ial4  
,! ?\ght ( ,god1 :i* is int]wov5 ) dea?1
 z ) all ! univ]se1 ! h>mony ( pa/ life1
 ! anticipation ( an ev]-happy future1  

spread a bright light ov] all its ideas2
 :ile night is drawn r\nd ! s\l ( him :o
 dep>ts 9 folly & 9 unbelief4 ,if ev5   
involunt>y pangs =ce !mselves ^u !      
,*ri/ian & wise man 7= is he less a     
human be+871 yet w he resolve !         
s5sations ( 8 dissolv+ frame into       
happ9ess3--     ,! s\l1 secur$ 9 h]     
exi/5ce1 smiles    ,at ! drawn dagg] &  
defies its po9t4    ,! />s %all fade    
away1 ! sun himself    ,gr[ dim ) age1 &
 nature s9k 9 ye>s2    ,b ?\ %alt fl\ri%
 9 immortal y\?1    ,unhurt amid/ ! w> (
 elem5ts1    ,! wreck ( matt]1 & ! cra% 
( worlds4  ,x is precisely ?is unwont$  
*e]fulness on ! "p ( ^? :o are mortally 
sick :i* has (t5 a physical reason at ! 
basis1 & :i* has ! mo/ express          
significance = ! practical physician4 ,x
 is (t5 f\nd 9 conjunction ) ! mo/ fatal
 symptoms ( ,hippocrates1 & )\t be+     
attributable to any bygone crisis4 ,su* 
a *e]fulness is ( bad import4 ,! n]ves1 
:i* dur+ ! height ( ! fev] h be5 mo/    
%>ply assail$1 h n[ lo/ s5sation2 !     

inflam$ memb]s1 x is well kn[n1 cease to
 sm>t z soon z !y are de/roy$2 b x w\ld 
be a hapless ?\ght to rejoice t ! "t (  
burn+ pa9 7 pass$ & gone4 ,/imulus fails
 be=e ! dead n]ves1 & a dea?ly indol5ce 
belies future heal+4 ,! s\l f9ds h]self 
"u ! illusion ( a pleasant s5sation1    
because %e is free f a long-endur+      
pa9ful "o4 ,%e is free f pa91 n because 
! tone ( h] in/rum5t is re/or$1 b       
because %e no m exp]i5ces ! discord4    
,sympa?y ceases z soon z ! connection is
 lo/4    ,s #ba4--;,fur!r ,aspects ( !  
,connection4   ,if ,i might n[ beg9 to g
 deep]--if ,i might speak ( delirium1 ( 
slumb]1 ( /upor1 ( epilepsy & catalepsy1
 & su* l1 :]e9 ! free & rational _s is  
subject$ to ! despotism ( ! body--if ,i 
might enl>ge especially on ! wide field 
( hy/]ia & hypo*ondria-- if x 7 all[$ me
 to speak ( temp]am5ts1 idiosyncrasies1 
& con/itutions1 :i* = physicians &      
philosoph]s are an abyss--9 "o ^w1 %\ld 
,i attempt to demon/rate tru? ( ! =ego+ 
f ! b$ ( sickness1 :i* is ev] a *ief    

s*ool ( psy*ology--my matt] w\ld be     
ext5d$ to an endless l5g?4 ,we h1 x     
seems to me1 en\gh to prove t ! animal  
nature is ?r\gh\t m+l$ ) ! spiritual1 & 
t ?is comb9ation is p]fection4          
,,physical ,,ph5om5a ,,express ,,!      
,,emotions ,,( ,,! ,,m9d4  ,s           
#bb4--,physiognomy ( ,s5sations4   ,x is
 j ?is close correspond5ce betwe5 ! two 
natures :i* is ! basis ( ! :ole sci5ce (
 physiognomy4 ,by means ( ?is n]v\s     
connection 7:i*1 z we h se51 lies at !  
bottom ( ! communication ( feel+s7 ! mo/
 secret movem5ts ( ! s\l are reveal$ on 
! ext]ior ( ! body1 & passion p5etrates 
ev5 ?r\gh ! veil ( ! hypocrite4 ,ea*    
passion has its specific expressions1   
its peculi> dialect1 s to speak1 by :i* 
"o kn[s x4 ,&1 inde$1 x is an admirable 
law ( ,supreme ,wisdom1 t e passion :i* 
is noble & g5]\s beautifies ! body1 :ile
 ^? t are mean & hateful di/ort x into  
animal =ms4 ,! m ! m9d dep>ts f !       
lik5ess ( ! ,deity1 ! ne>] does ! outw>d
 =m seem to approa* ! animal1 & always t

 animal :i* has a k9dr$ proclivity4     
,?us1 ! mild expression ( ! philan?ropi/
 attracts ! ne$y1 :om ! insol5t look ( !
 angry man repels4 ,?is is an           
indisp5sable guide 9 social life4 ,x is 
a/oni%+ :at an accordance bodily        
appe>ance has ) ! passions2 h]oism &    
fe>lessness p\r life & /r5g? ?r\gh !    
ve9s & muscles1 ! eyes sp>kle1 ! brea/  
heaves1 all ! limbs arm !mselves alike =
 combat--! man has ! appe>ance ( a      
w>-horse4 ,fright & fe> ext+ui% ! fire 9
 ! eyes1 ! limbs s9k p[]less & heavy1 ! 
m>r[ 9 ! bones seems froz51 ! blood     
falls back on ! he>t l a /one1 a g5]al  
weakness cripples ! p[]s ( life4  ,a    
great1 bold1 l(ty ?\ght compels u to /& 
on tiptoe1 to hold up ! head1 to exp& ! 
m\? & nose4 ,! feel+ ( et]nity1 !       
outlook on a wide op5 horizon1 ! sea1   
etc41 make u /ret* out our arms--we w\ld
 m]ge ourselves into ! et]nal3 ) !      
m\nta9s1 we w\ld gr[ t[>ds ! heav5s1 ru%
 ?i!r on /orms & waves3 yawn+ abysses   
?r[ u d[n 9 gidd9ess4 ,9 l mann]1 hate  

is express$ 9 ! body by a repell+ =ce2  
:ile1 on ! contr>y1 9 e pressure ( ! h&1
 9 e embrace1 our body w m]ge into t (  
our fri5d1 9 ! same mann] z ! s\ls are 9
 h>moni\s comb9ation4 ,pride makes !    
body erect z ! s\l rises2 pett9ess b5ds 
! head1 ! limbs hang d[n2 s]vile fe> is 
express$ 9 ! cr++ walk2 ! ?\ght ( pa9   
di/orts our face1 if pleasurable aspects
 spread a grace ov] ! :ole body2 ang]1  
on ! o!r h&1 w break ?r\gh e /rong      
oppos+ cord1 & ne$ w almo/ ov]come !    
impossible4 ,i w\ld n[ ask ?r\gh :at    
me*anism x happ5s t exactly ^! movem5ts 
result f ^! feel+s1 t j ^! organs are   
affect$ by ^! passions8 ,might ,i n j z 
well want to "k :y a c]ta9 w\nd+ ( !    
ligam5t %\ld /iff5 ! l[] jaw8  ,if !    
passion :i* sympa!tically awak5$ ^!     
movem5ts ( ! frame be (t5 r5ew$1 if ?is 
s5sation ( s\l become habitual1 !n ^!   
movem5ts ( ! body w become s also4 ,if  
?is matur$ passion be ( a la/+ "*1 !n ^!
 con/itutional features ( ! frame become
 deeply engrav$3 !y become1 if ,i may   

borr[ ! pa?ologi/'s ^w1 deut]opa!tic1 & 
are at la/ organic4 ,?us1 at la/1 ! firm
 p]5nial physiognomy ( man is =m$1 s t x
 is almo/ easi] aft]w>ds to *ange ! s\l 
?an ! =m4 ,9 ?is s5se1 "o may also say1 
)\t be+ a ,/ahlian1 t ! s\l =ms ! body2 
& p]haps ! e>lie/ ye>s ( y\? decide !   
features ( a man = life1 z !y c]ta9ly   
are ! f\ndation ( 8 moral "*4 ,an in]t &
 weak s\l1 :i* nev] ov]fl[s 9 passions1 
has no physiognomy at all2 & want (     
expression is ! lead+ *>act]i/ic ( !    
c\nt5ance ( ! imbecile4 ,! orig9al      
features :i* nature gave him cont9ue    
unalt]$2 ! face is smoo?1 = no s\l has  
play$ ^u x2 ! eyebr[s reta9 a p]fect    
ar*1 = no wild passion has di/ort$ !m2 !
 :ole =m reta9s its r\ndness1 = ! fat   
reposes 9 its cells2 ! face is regul>1  
p]haps ev5 beautiful1 b ,i pity ! s\l ( 
x6  ,a physiognomy ( 7p]fect7 organic   
p>ts1 e4g41 z to ! =m & size ( ! nose1  
eyes1 m\?1 e>s1 etc41 ! color ( ! hair1 
! height ( ! neck1 & su* l1 may p]haps  
possibly be f\nd1 b c]ta9ly n v easily1 

h[ev] mu* ,lavat] %\ld cont9ue to rave  
ab\t x ?r\gh t5 qu>to volumes4 ,he :o   
w\ld r$uce to ord] ! caprici\s play (   
nature1 & classify ! =ms :i* %e has     
puni%$ l a /epmo!r1 or end[$ z a "m1    
w\ld v5ture m ?an ,l9naeus1 & %\ld be v 
c>eful le/ he become "o ) ! orig9al     
pres5t$ to him1 ?r\gh its mon/r\s       
sportive v>iety4  ,yet "o m k9d (       
sympa?y des]ves to be notic$1 s9ce x is 
( great importance 9 physiology4 ,i mean
 ! sympa?y ( c]ta9 s5sations = ! organs 
f :i* !y sprang4 ,a c]ta9 cramp 9 !     
/oma* causes a feel+ ( disgu/2 !        
reproduction ( ?is s5sation br+s back ! 
cramp4 ,h[ is ?is8    ,s #bc4--,!       
,rema9s ( ! ,animal ,nature is also a   
,s\rce ( ,p]fection4   ,al?\gh ! animal 
"p ( man pres]ves = him ! _m great      
advantages ( :i* we h already spok51    
/ill1 "o may say t1 9 ano!r aspect1 x   
rema9s always despicable2 viz41 ! s\l   
?us dep5ds1 slave-l1 on ! activity ( its
 tools2 ! p]iodical relaxation ( ^!     
prescribes to ! s\l an inactive pause & 

annihilation at p]iods4 ,i mean sleep1  
:i*1 "o _c d5y1 robs u at lea/ ( ! ?ird 
"p ( our life4 ,fur!r1 our m9d is       
completely dep5d5t on ! laws ( ! body1 s
 t ! cessation ( ! latt] puts a sudd5   
/op to ! cont9uance ( ?\ghts1 ev5 ?\gh  
we be on ! /raight1 op5 pa? t[>ds tru?4 
,if ! reason h ev] s little fix$ ^u an  
idea1 :5 ! lazy matt] refuses to c>ry x 
out1 ! /r+s ( ! ?9k+ organs gr[ we>y1 if
 !y h be5 b slightly /ra9$2 ! body fails
 u :]e we ne$ x mo/4 ,:at a/oni%+ /eps1 
"o may inf]1 w\ld man make 9 ! use ( 8  
p[]s if he c\ld cont9ue to ?9k 9 a /ate 
( unbrok5 int5sity6 ,h[ he w\ld unravel 
e idea to its f9al elem5ts2 h[ he w\ld  
trace e appe>ance to its mo/ hidd5      
s\rces1 if he c\ld keep !m un9t]rupt$ly 
be=e 8 m9d6 ,b1 alas6 x is n ?us4 ,:y is
 x n s8    ,s #bd4--,necessity =        
,relaxation4   ,! foll[+ w lead u on !  
track ( tru?3--  #a4 ,pleasant s5sation 
0 necess>y to lead man to p]fection1 &  
he c only be p]fect :5 he feels         
com=table4  #b4 ,! nature ( a mortal be+

 makes unpleasant feel+ unavoidable4    
,evil does n %ut man out f ! be/ _w1 & !
 worldly-wise f9d _! p]fection !re94    
#c4 ,?us pa9 & pleasure are necess>y4 ,x
 seems h>d]1 b x is no less true4  #d4  
,e pa91 z e pleasure1 gr[s accord+ to   
its nature1 & w\ld cont9ue to d s4  #e4 
,e pa9 & e pleasure ( a mix$ be+ t5d to 
_! own dissolution4    ,s               
#be4--;,explanation4   ,x is a well-kn[n
 law ( ! connection betwe5 ideas t e    
s5sation1 ( :atev] k9d1 imm$iately      
seizes ano!r ( its k9d1 & enl>ges itself
 ?r\gh ?is addition4 ,! l>g] & m        
manifold x becomes1 s mu* ! m does x    
awak5 simil> s5sations 9 all directions 
?r\gh ! organs ( ?\ght1 until1 by       
degrees1 x becomes univ]sally pr$om9ant1
 & occupies ! :ole s\l4 ,consequ5tly1 e 
s5sation gr[s ?r\gh itself2 e pres5t    
condition ( ! feel+ p[] conta9s ! root (
 a feel+ to foll[1 simil>1 b m int5se4  
,?is is evid5t4 ,n[1 e m5tal s5sation   
is1 z we "k1 alli$ to a simil> animal   
"o2 9 o!r words1 ea* "o is connect$ ) m 

or less movem5t ( ! n]ves1 :i* take a   
direction accord+ to ! measure ( _!     
/r5g? & ext5sion4 ,?us1 z m5tal         
s5sations gr[1 mu/ ! movem5ts 9 ! n]v\s 
sy/em increase also4 ,?is is no less    
cle>4 ,n[1 pa?ology tea*es u t a n]ve   
nev] suff]s alone3 & to say1 ,"h is a   
sup]fluity ( /r5g?1 is z mu* z to say1  
,!re is want ( /r5g?4 ,?us1 e n]v\s     
movem5t gr[s ?r\gh itself4 ,n[1 we h    
rem>k$ t ! movem5ts ( ! n]v\s sy/em     
react ^u ! m9d1 & /r5g!n ! m5tal        
s5sations2     ,:y1 h[ "o weeps :5 "o's 
too we>y6            ,te>s1 te>s6 :y we 
weep1    ',tis wor? inquiry3--t we've   
%am$ a life1    ,or lo/ a love1 or miss$
 a _w1 p]haps8    ,by no means4 ,simply1
 t we've walk$ too f>1    ,or talk$ too 
mu*1 or felt ! w9d 9 ! ea/1 etc4        
--,aurora ,leigh4  vice v]sa1 ! /r5g!n$ 
s5sation ( ! m9d increase & /r5g!n !    
motions ( ! n]ves4 ,?us we h a circle1 9
 :i* s5sation mu/ always increase1 &    
n]v\s movem5ts e mom5t become m p[]ful &
 univ]sal4  ,n[1 we "k t ! movem5ts ( ! 

bodily frame :i* cause ! feel+ ( pa9 run
 c\nt] to ! h>mony by :i* x w\ld exi/ 9 
well-be+2 t is1 t !y are diseas$4 ,b    
disease _c gr[ unceas+ly1 !re=e !y end 9
 ! total de/ruction ( ! frame4 ,9       
relation to pa91 x is ?us prov$ t x aims
 at ! dea? ( ! subject4  ,b1 ! motions (
 ! n]ves "u pleasant s5sations be+ s    
h>moni\s to ! cont9uance ( ! ma*9]y t ! 
condition ( m9d :i* con/itutes pleasure 
is t ( ! greate/ bodily well-be+1 %\ld n
 r1 !n1 pleasant s5sation prolong !     
bloom ( ! body et]nally8 ,?is inf]5ce is
 too ha/y4 ,9 a c]ta9 /age ( mod]ation1 
^! n]v\s motions are :olesome1 & really 
a sign ( heal?4 ,b if !y outgr[ ?is     
/age1 !y may be ! highe/ activity1 !    
highe/ mom5t>y p]fection2 b1 ?us1 !y are
 excess ( heal?1 no long] heal? itself4 
,we only call t condition ( ! natural   
motions heal? 9 :i* ! root ( simil> ones
 = ! future lies1 viz41 ^? :i* confirm !
 p]fection ( succe$+ motions2 ?us1 !    
de/9y ( cont9uance is ess5tially conta9$
 9 ! idea ( heal?4 ,?us1 = example1 !   

body ( ! mo/ debilitat$ pr(ligate atta9s
 to its greate/ h>mony at ! mom5t (     
excess2 b x is only mom5t>ily1 & a s mu*
 deep] abatem5t %[s suffici5tly t       
ov]/ra9+ 0 n heal?4 ,!re=e "o may ju/ly 
accept t an ov]/ra9$ vigor ( physical   
action ha/5s dea? z mu* z ! greate/     
disord] or ! wor/ illness4 ,bo? pa9 &   
pleasure draw u t[>ds an unavoidable    
dea?1 unless some?+ be pres5t :i* limits
 _! advance4    ,s #bf4--;,excell5ce (  
?is ,abatem5t4   ,x is j ?is 7! limit to
 _! gr[?7 :i* ! abatem5t ( ! animal     
nature causes4 ,x mu/ be no o!r ?an ?is 
limitation ( our fragile frame 7t appe>$
 to h l5t to our oppon5ts s /rong a pro(
 aga9/ its p]fection7 :i* ameliorates   
all ! evil consequ5ces t ! me*anism     
o!rwise makes unavoidable4 ,x is exactly
 ?is s9k+1 ?is lassitude ( ! organs1 ov]
 :i* t9k]s compla9 s mu*1 t prev5ts our 
own /r5g? de/roy+ u 9 a %ort "t2 t does 
n p]mit our positions to be always      
increas+ t[>ds our de/ruction4 ,?is     
limitation %[s ea* passion ! p]iod ( its

 gr[?1 its height & decl9e 7if inde$ !  
passion does n die out 9 a total        
relaxation ( ! body71 :i* leaves !      
excit$ spirits "t to resume _! h>mony1 &
 ! organs to recov]4 ,h5ce1 ! highe/    
pit* ( rapture1 ( fe>1 & ( ang]1 are !  
same z we>9ess1 weakness1 or fa9t+4 ,b  
sleep v\*safes m1 = z ,%akspe>e says3-- 
,sleep1 t knits up ! ravell$ sleeve (   
c>e1    ,! dea? ( ea* day's life1 sore  
labor's ba?1    ,balm ( hurt m9ds1 great
 ,nature's sweet re/or]4                
--,macbe?4  ,dur+ sleep1 ! vital =ces   
re/ore !mselves to t heal?y balance :i* 
! cont9uance ( our be+ s mu* requires2  
all ! cramp$ ideas & feel+s1 ! ov]/ra9$ 
actions :i* h tr\bl$ u ?r\gh ! day1 are 
solv$ 9 ! entire relaxation ( !         
s5sorium2 ! h>mony ( ! motions ( ! m9d  
are resum$1 & ! newly-awak5$ man greets 
! com+ day m calmly4  ,9 relation to !  
arrangem5t ( ! :ole1 also1 we _c        
suffici5tly admire ! wor? & importance (
 ?is limitation4 ,! arrangem5t          
necess>ily causes _m1 :o %\ld be no less

 happy1 to be sacrific$ to ! g5]al ord] 
& to be> ! lot ( oppression4 ,likewise1 
_m1 :om we p]haps unju/ly envy1 mu/     
exp5d _! m5tal & bodily /r5g? 9 re/less 
ex]tion1 s t ! repose ( ! :ole be       
pres]v$4 ,! same ) sick p]sons1 ! same )
 unreason+ animals4 ,sleep seals ! eye (
 c>e1 takes f ! pr9ce & /atesman ! heavy
 weight ( gov]n+2 p\rs new =ce into !   
ve9s ( ! sick man1 & re/ into 8 h>ass$  
s\l2 ! daylabor] no long] he>s ! voice (
 ! oppressor1 & ! ill-us$ bea/ escapes f
 ! tyranny ( man4 ,sleep buries all c>es
 & tr\bles1 balances ev]y?+1 equips e "o
 ) new-born p[]s to be> ! joys & sorr[s 
( ! next day4    ,s #bg4--,sev]+ ( !    
,connection4   ,at l5g? arriv$ at ! po9t
 9 ! circle :]e ! m9d has fulfill$ ! aim
 ( its be+1 an int]nal1 unacc\ntable    
me*anism has1 at ! same "t1 made ! body 
incapable ( be+ any long] its in/rum5t4 
,all c>e = ! well-be+ ( ! bodily /ate   
seems to rea* b to ?is epo*4 ,x appe>s  
to me t1 9 ! =mation ( our physical     
nature1 wisdom has %[n su* p>simony1 t  

not)/&+ con/ant comp5sations1 decl9e mu/
 always keep 9 ! asc5dancy1 s t fre$om  
misuses ! me*anism1 & dea? is g]m9at$ 9 
life z out ( its se$4 ,matt] dissolves  
aga9 into its la/ elem5ts1 :i* travel   
?r\gh ! k+dom ( nature 9 o!r =ms &      
relations1 to s]ve o!r purposes4 ,! m9d 
cont9ues to practise its ?9k+ p[]s 9 o!r
 circles1 & to obs]ve ! univ]se f o!r   
sides4  ,we may truly say t x has n by  
any means exhau/$ ?is actual sph]e1 t x 
might h left ?is sph]e itself m p]fect2 
b d we "k t ?is sph]e is lo/ to x8 ,we  
lay _m a book aside :i* we d n und]/&1 b
 p]haps 9 a few ye>s we %all und]/& x   
bett]4