,illu/ration3 ,plate #a4    #8,royal    
,sov]eign' #8,camel'    ,,trial ,,(     
,,h>vey',s ,,sea ,,torp$o4    ,kell     
,bros4 ,li?4 ,london4                   
,,in/ructions                           
,,= ,,!                                 
,,managem5t                             
,,(                                     
,,h>vey',s ,,sea ,,torp$o4              
,,london3                     ,e4  ,f4  
,n4 ,,spon1 #dh1 ,,*>+ ,,cross4         
,,portsm\?3 ,j4 ,,griff9  ,,co4         
,,devonport3 ,j4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,spry4        
#ahga4         ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by   
,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,/am=d   
,,/reet ,,&                             
,,*>+ ,,cross4          ,,in/ructions   
,,= ,,! ,,managem5t ,,( ,,h>vey',s ,,sea
 ,,torp$o4      ,to imp>t a ?or\gh k ( !
 managem5t ( su* an arm z !  sea torp$o 
is a matt] ( easy accompli%m5t by       
p]sonal explanation2  especially s1 :5 !
 arm is 9 ! wat]1 & practis$ ) "u       
conditions t w\ld obta9 9 its           
application to ! disabl+ (1 or  to !    

de/ruction ( vessels aga9/ :i* x may be 
employ$4    ,b 9 ! abs5ce ( su* mode (  
in/ruction1 ! foll[+ directions  are    
(f]$1 ) a hope t !y w prove suffici5tly 
explanatory (  an arm1 :i*1 l o!r arms1 
requires skill & aptitude 9 us+ x       
effectively4    ,by ! in/ructions "h    
giv51 x mu/ be und]/ood1 !re are two    
torp$oes2 ?\gh bo? are ( ! same k9d1 !y 
diff] 9 con/ruction1  by reason ( !     
diff]5ce 9 ! position ( _! respective   
planes1  s t "o may div]ge to port1 & ! 
o!r to />bo>d2 !  direction ( ! div]g5ce
 is kn[n by ! position ( ! sl+s &       
rudd]4 ,!re is a l diff]5ce 9 ! explod+ 
bolts2 ! bolts  :i* respectively belong 
to ! port & />bo>d torp$oes are kn[n  by
 ! direction ( _! safety keys4          
,illu/ration3 7,a7    ,,/>bo>d ,,torp$o4
    ,illu/ration3 7,b7    ,,port        
,,torp$o4    ,! sea torp$o has !        
advantage ( explod+ only :5 9 hugg+     
contact ) ! vessel attack$2 ! lev]s by  
:i* x is explod$ are  s plac$ 9 relation
 to ! t[-rope1 t ei!r ! side or top lev]

  is f\nd inv>iably to act effectively 9
 =c+ d[n ! explod+  bolt at ! in/ant (  
contact2 ?is has be5 asc]ta9$ by !      
result  ( _m exp]im5tal trials4    ,!   
%ape is an irregul> figure1 :i* c be be/
 und]/ood by  ref]5ce to ! draw+s 7p4   
#d74 ,! dim5sions ( ext]ior case are z  
foll[s3--                               
ft4  94                       ,l5g?     
#e   #j      ,l>ge ,torp$o  ,bread?   #j
   #f                     ,dep?     #a  
#h                       ,l5g?    #c    
#h      ,small ,torp$o  ,bread?   #j    
#e                     ,dep?     #a   #f
    ,illu/ration3 7,c7    ,,section     
7,c74    ,! ext]ior case is made (      
well-season$ elm #a 94 ?ick1 iron b\nd1 
& screw$ toge!r ) wat]-tight pack+      
betwe5 ! jo9ts1 also  cem5t$ ) pit*4 ,! 
int]ior case is made ( /\t %eet copp]2  
! case has two load+ holes correspond+ 9
 size to two holes 9 !  deck1 or top ( !
 ext]ior case4 ,^! holes are made       
suffici5tly  l>ge to load ) gun-cotton  
discs1 if pref]r$4 ,! load+ holes  are  

fitt$ ) corks1 :i* are ins]t$ be=e      
screw+ on ! brass  cap1 to prev5t any   
*ance ( accid5t ?r\gh friction 9 screw+ 
on  ! cap2 ! bu%+ has ! ?read ( ! screw 
on ! outside =  ! same reason4 ,if ?\ght
 necess>y1 ! cork c be cem5t$ ov]  be=e 
screw+ on ! cap1 :i* w r5d] ! jo9t d\bly
 secure  f leakage4 ,! c5tre ( ! copp]  
case has a /\t copp] tube1  :i* is      
sold]$ to ! top & bottom surfaces ( !   
copp] case1 !  *>ge be+ all r\nd x2 into
 ?is c5tre tube is screw$ ! prim+  case4
 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t bo? ! ext]ior &  
inn] cases are  ?or\ghly wat]-tight1 s t
 9 ! ev5t ( ! out] case be+  damag$1    
/ill ! *>ge 9 ! int]ior case is pres]v$ 
p]fectly  dry1 ! cases be+ altoge!r     
indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4    ,! capacity ( ! 
copp] case ( ! l>ge torp$o is su* t x w 
conta9 #gg lbs4 ( wat]2 ! capacity ( !  
small "o1 #bh lbs42 f  ^! c be det]m9$ !
 quantity ( any explosive ag5t ) :i* x  
may be desir$ to *>ge ei!r torp$o4    ,!
 *>ges ( v>i\s p[d]s ! torp$oes w conta9
 are z foll[s3--                        

,l>ge ,torp$o4  ,small ,torp$o4         
lbs4            lbs4      ,glyoxil9     
#dg              #af      ,s*ultze's    
bla/+ p[d]        #fj              #bb  
,compress$ gun-cotton             #fj   
#bb      ,picric p[d]s                  
#gc              #bf      ,rifle gra9$  
p[d]              #gf              #bg  
,horsley's orig9al                #hj   
#bh      ,horsley's bla/+ p[d]          
#he              #cj      ,nobel's      
dynamite                 #ajj           
#ce    ,! above mu/ be consid]$ an      
approximation1 s9ce mu* w dep5d  ^u !   
lab\r exp5d$ 9 pack+ ! torp$o4    ,"s ( 
! p[d]s nam$ h n yet be5 manufactur$ on 
a l>ge scale4    ,! prim+ case is made (
 /\t %eet copp]1 & conta9s a l>ge  bur/+
 *>ge1 :i* may be ei!r rifle gra9$ p[d] 
or a /rong]  explosive1 :i* is          
recomm5d$4    ,illu/ration3 7,d7        
,,section4    ,illu/ration3 7,e7    ,9 !
 c5tre ( ! prim+ case is a brass tube 9 
:i* ! explod+  bolt works1 & at ! bottom
 ( ?is tube is a /eel-po9t$ p91 :i*     

pi]ces ! capsule on ! muzzle ( ! explod+
 bolt1 :5 ! bolt is  =c$ d[n4 ,at ! side
 ( ! brass tube1 & ne> ! base ( ! p91   
is a small hole1 cov]$ ) ?9 brass foil1 
:i* w all[ ( an  escape ( wat] into !   
prim+ case1 %\ld any h collect$ at !    
bottom ( ! tube4 ,! load+ hole ( ! prim+
 case is at ! bottom  ( ! case1 &       
arrang$ ) cork & cap ^u ! same pr9ciple 
z  ! load+ holes = ma9 *>ge4 ,a p[]ful  
spann] is provid$ =  screw+ 9 ! prim+   
case & caps ( ma9 load+ holes1 :i* are  
fitt$ ) lea!r wa%]s to =m a wat]-tight  
jo9t4 ,! prim+ case  c be /or$ sep>ate f
 ! torp$o if pref]r$1 b !re is no       
necessity = s do+ unless x is *>g$ ) a  
dang]\s comp\nd4  ,:5 ! torp$oes are be+
 /or$1 a wood5 plug is ins]t$ into !    
brass tube ( ! prim+ case2 !re is a     
cavity 9 ! plug at !  l[] end2 ! cavity 
is fill$ ) a greasy composition1 into   
:i*  runs ! p9 ( ! prim+ case :5 ! p+ is
 9 its place2 ! p9  is ?us protect$ f   
corrosion1 & ! tube ( ! case secur$ f   
any =eign matt] gett+ accid5tally into  

x4    ,! explod+ bolt is fitt$ to "w ) a
 pressure ( ab\t #ej lbs4 on  ! head ( !
 bolt = ! l>ge torp$o1 & #bj lbs4 = !   
small4    ,illu/ration3 7,f7    ,on     
acc\nt ( ! great proportional l5g? ( !  
/uff+ box1 x is  q impossible = wat] to 
ent] into ! tube1 & ! pressure c  be    
regulat$ to ! greate/ nicety by !       
quantity ( ?read w\nd on4  ,! bolts are 
easily kept 9 ord] by turn+ !m r\nd     
occasionally 9  _! tubes1 /or$ z !y w\ld
 be 9 ! bolt magaz9e 7see p4 #bj1  ,fig4
 ,y74 ,! be/ lubrication = !m is hog's  
l>d free f salt1  beeswax1 neat's-foot  
oil1 9 proportion #c1 #a1 #a4 ,! bolt   
has sev]al  grooves = ! ?read /uff+ to  
be w\nd on1 & 9 ! ev5t ( its  work+ too 
easy1 a few turns ( :ity-br[n ?read on !
 two l[]  /uff+s w suffice2 %\ld x "w   
too /iff1 revolve x 9 !  magaz9e tube   
until x works ) ! desir$ am\nt (        
pressure1 :i*1  aft] a little practice1 
is well kn[n by ! h&4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a few 
drops ( wat] ent]+ ! tube1 :i* has nev] 
occurr$1 a provision  is made = its     

escape 7see prim+ case71 t x may n imp$e
 !  desc5t ( ! bolt4 ,! cavity 9 ! bolt 
= conta9+ ! explod+  composition is1 9  
l5g? & diamet]1 suffici5t to conta9 a   
*>ge  t w ( itself explode ! torp$o 7see
 ,fig ,g71 )\t dep5d+  ^u ! prim+ case4 
,! bolts are all ! same size1 & diff]   
only  9 ! direction ( ! slot = safety   
key1 be+ port or />bo>d  bolts          
accord+ly4    ,illu/ration3 7,g7        
,illu/ration3 7,h7    ,! muzzle ( !     
explod+ bolt /&s "o in* (f ! p9 :5 9    
safety position1 t is1 :5 ! safety key  
re/s on ! brasswork (  ! prim+ case4    
,?is c always be asc]ta9$ be=e ent]+ !  
bolt  7if ?\ght necess>y7 by a wood5    
gauge =c$ d[n until x t\*es !  po9t ( ! 
p91 :i* measurem5t transf]r$ to ! bolt w
 %[ !  di/ance ( ! muzzle :5 =c$ d[n to 
! safety position4    ,! safety key is  
secur$ 9 ! slot ( ! explod+ bolt by     
eight or  n9e p>ts ( /rong :ity-br[n    
?read secur$ to ! key1 z %[n  9 ,fig4 ,j
 7p4 #aj71 pass$ r\nd ! bolt1 & securely
 knott$ 9 ?is  mann]2 ! p>ts ( ! ?read  

come away ) ! key :5 drawn1  9 ord] t   
none ( ! p>ts may be work$ d[n ! tube by
 !  explod+ bolt4    ,illu/ration3 7,i7 
,illu/ration3 7,j7    ,9 ! ev5t ( ! l>ge
 torp$o be+ cut away 9 deep wat] aft]   
)drawal ( ! safety key1 x w explode by  
pressure on ! head (  ! bolt at ab\t    
sixty fa?oms dep?4 ,! small "o at ab\t  
?irty4    ,! brass gu>d = ! explod+ bolt
 is an extra precaution 7sugge/$  by    
,capt4 ,a4 ,hood1 ,r4,n41               
,director-,g5]al ( ,naval ,ordnance7    
%\ld any  p]son by mi/ake attempt to    
place ! bolt into ! torp$o )\t  ! safety
 key 9 its place4 ,x is plac$ ov] ! head
 ( ! bolt &  pu%$ d[n until ! ?umb-screw
 on ! side works into a small hole 9  ! 
%\ld] ( ! bolt4#a ,! mann] 9 :i* ?is    
gu>d is fitt$  ensures its removal be=e 
laun*+1 s9ce ! aft] lev] _c be  plac$   
until x is4 ,x also makes a conv5i5t    
h&le = turn+ !  bolt 9 ! magaz9e4    #a 
,z ! c]ta9ty ( explosion dep5ds ma9ly ^u
 ! explod+  bolt be+ prop]ly *>g$1 !    
inv5tor takes entire *>ge ( ?is         

important detail4    ,illu/ration3 7,k7 
,! explosive composition 9 ! bolts is   
p[]ful & safe2 s pack$  t no am\nt (    
concussion c explode x2 ! bolt mu/ be   
pi]c$  ?r\gh ! capsule at ! muzzle = t  
purpose4 ,! bolts are  h]metically seal$
 at ! muzzle by a metallic capsule1 & c 
be  /or$ = an indef9ite l5g? ( "t )\t   
*ance ( det]ioration4  ,! explod+ po9t (
 ! composition 9 ! bolt is #dbj         
,fahr5heit4    ,illu/ration3 7,l7    ,! 
side & top lev]s are s arrang$1 t :5    
driv5 close into  ! torp$o1 ! bolt is   
d[n to ! %\ld]2 &1 s9ce !re are  ?ree   
explosions to take place1 x is calculat$
 ! torp$o w be 9  hugg+ contact :5 ! ma9
 *>ge explodes1 & explod$ by a p[]ful   
dis*>ge 9 ! c5tre1 !reby dispos+ ( !    
explosive =ce to !  greate/ advantage4  
,! torp$o mu/ be clos+ to ! %ip :5 !    
lev]s are act+ &  ! bolt desc5d+2 no    
exp]im5t = ! =ce ( explosive ag5ts1  ) a
 cu%ion ( wat] int]v5+1 is requir$4 ,!  
am\nt ( explosive  ag5t1 :5 9 contact1  
is all t is requir$1 & ! torp$o c be    

manufactur$ to conta9 a l>g] *>ge1 if   
?\ght necess>y1 ) a  v small increase ( 
dim5sions2 b ! pres5t size is conv5i5t =
  h&l+ & laun*+2 & if load$ ) any ( !   
p[]ful bla/+  p[d]s1 w\ld1 9 all        
probability1 prove suffici5t to bilge or
 de/roy  ! l>ge/ iron-clad4             
,illu/ration3 7,m7    ,illu/ration3 7,n7
    ,! lany>d or side-lev] is p]man5tly 
secur$ to ! %ort arm ( !  lev]2 ! end is
 rove "u ! fair lead on ! deck ( !      
torp$o  up ?r\gh ! brass oval hole 9 !  
aft] top lev]1 !n d[n "u  ! fair lead   
7abaft ! fir/ turn71 & across ! deck ( !
 torp$o  to ! h&le1 & secur$ ) a r\nd   
turn & two half-hit*es4 ,c>e  %\ld be   
tak5 t ! %ort arm ( ! lev] is br\ght    
close into  ! fair lead1 & ! lany>d %\ld
 be set up suffici5tly taut to  give a  
slight spr+ 9 ! aft] top lev] by ! /ra9 
br\ght on x4  ,?is lev] has a /eel fi%  
on ! top1 9 ord] to prev5t x tak+  a    
p]man5t b5d4 ,if ! side-lev] lany>d is  
prop]ly set up1 !  bolt w spr+ d[n ab\t 
"o-eigh? ( an in* :5 ! safety key  is   

)drawn1 ow+ to ! spr+ 9 ! lev] & %r9k+ (
 !  lany>d2 ?is br+s ! muzzle "o-eigh? (
 an in* ne>] ! p9  )\t di/urb+ ! side   
lev]4 ,! lany>d %\ld be made up l a     
reef-po9t2 x %\ld be well-greas$        
imm$iately be=e laun*+4    ,illu/ration3
 7,o7    ,illu/ration3 7,p7             
,illu/ration3 7,q7    ,to secure ! =e   
top lev] to ! aft]1 9 ord] t a back hit 
may n sep>ate !m1 ! small lany>ds1 ) an 
eye 9 "o end1 &  :ipp$ at ! o!r1 are    
fir/ plac$ ov] ! eyes 9 ! =e top  lev]1 
!n rove ?r\gh ! brass hole 9 ! aft] top 
lev]1 9  opposite directions1 pass$ up  
?r\gh ! eyes 9 ! =e top lev]1  & knott$ 
ov] x4 ,! di/ance f ! eyes 9 ! =e top   
lev]  to ! hole 9 ! aft] top lev] is s  
arrang$ t x w n  int]f]e ) ! desc5t (   
!m4 ,! =e-locks = ! v>i\s bolts  :i* fix
 ! lev]s are made ( fi%+-l9e4 ,aft]     
knott+ !m1 !  ends %\ld be secur$ toge!r
 by a seiz+ ( ?read4    ,illu/ration3   
7,r7    ,illu/ration3 7,s7    ,! h&les1 
=m$ ( iron /raps pass+ "u ! torp$o1 &   
t]m9at+ 9 f\r eyes above ! deck1 are    

pr9cipally = h&l+ x2  "o ( ! =emo/ eyes 
is made use ( z a fair lead = !         
safety-key  lany>d1 & to /op x to2 ! o!r
 =emo/ is made use ( to secure  ! side  
lany>d to ,fig4 ,n 7p4 #ab74    ,!      
balla/ is compos$ ( iron & %eet lead2 ! 
=m]1 a fixture  to ! wood5 bottom ( !   
torp$o2 ! latt]1 screw$ on ) long       
screws into ! iron4 ,a ?9 %eet ( lead is
 always kept on !  bottom1 af=d+ a s(t  
mat]ial = mov+ !m ab\t on1 remov+  !    
objection t may be made to ! friction   
caus$ by an iron bottom  9 ! mov+ ( !m 9
 ! torp$o-room4 ,by tak+ out ^! screws1 
sev]al m ?icknesses ( %eet-lead c be    
screw$ on1 ! same  screws b9d+ all      
toge!r4 ,on leav+ ! manufactur]s1 !re is
  suffici5t lead plac$ on ! bottom = a  
spe$ betwe5 ?ree & t5  knots4 ,a v l>ge 
increase ( balla/ w\ld require ano!r    
buoy to be  /rung on ov] & above ! usual
 complem5t4    ,illu/ration3 7,t7    ,! 
prop] adju/m5t ( ! sl+s is mo/          
important1 z ! div]g5ce  dep5ds ^u x4 ,!
 aft] legs ( ! sl+s1 :5 /ret*$ out      

alongside ! torp$o1 %\ld ext5d "o foot  
beyond ! /em iron (  ! torp$o = ! l>ge  
torp$o1 & eight in*es = ! small "o2  !  
di/ance on ! sl+s be+ reckon$ f ! seiz+ 
r\nd !  ?imble4 ,?is fir/ adju/m5t is   
ne> en\gh if )9 two in*es ( !           
regulation4    ,! ?imble ( ! sl+s is    
made suitable = wire or hemp rope1 !  =e
 surface ( x be+ bell-m\!d1 to prev5t   
*afe ( ! t[-rope2  ! ?imble is s        
con/ruct$ t ! p>ts ( ! sl+s _c escape  f
 ! groove %\ld ! seiz+ become slack2 x w
 be obs]v$ t  by ?is arrangem5t ! edge (
 ! ?imble is n br\ght 9 contact  :5     
r\nd+ ! /em or /]n ( a vessel1 ! nip    
aft] leav+ !  t[-rope com+ direct on to 
! =e span1 & !nce to ! project+  curve (
 ! side lev]4    ,:5 all f\r legs are   
pull$ out1 9 direction ( ! t[-rope1 !y  
be> an equal /ra92 ! junction ( ! f\r   
legs %\ld be on a level  ) ! upp]       
t[+-irons1 at ! same "t ! upp] =e span  
%\ld  make an angle betwe5 #hj & #he ) !
 ne> side ( ! torp$o4  ,?is arrangem5t  
gives ! be/ div]g5ce ) ! lea/ /ra9 on ! 

t[-rope1 & is suitable :5 ! torp$o is   
kept at %ort scope1 z  well z :5 a long 
l5g? ( t[-l9e is out4 ,! sl+s are made (
  ! be/ ,italian hemp 7n laid up too    
h>d71 ! rope be+ ( ! same  /r5g? z !    
t[-rope2 = al?\gh 9 t[+ f\r legs divide 
!  /ra91 yet dur+ collision ! /ra9 might
 be br\ght on "o or two4#b    #b ,x may 
be "h rem>k$1 ! small rudd] on ! /]n ( !
 torp$o  is n = ! purpose ( increas+ !  
div]g5ce1 b to control !  direction ( ! 
torp$o :5 ! t[-rope is sudd5ly slack$4  
,illu/ration3 7,u7    ,illu/ration3 7,v7
    ,! t[-rope = l>ge torp$o c be ( #b  
94 or #c 94 hemp1 or #a 94  flexible    
galvaniz$ iron wire4 ,= small torp$o1 #a
 94 to #b 94 hemp1  or  94 wire4    ,!  
buoys are made ( solid cork 7su* cork   
only be+ us$ z w  ensure great float+   
p[] aft] be+ imm]s$ = a "t71 x is built 
up on a galvaniz$ iron tube1 runn+      
longitud9ally ?r\gh2 on !  ends ( ! tube
 are screw$ wood5 cones1 :i* b9d all    
toge!r &  r5d] ! buoy inde/ructible4 ,! 
iron tube gives great facility =  /r++  

on ! numb] ( buoys requir$4             
,illu/ration3 ,,draw+ 7,w74    ,,section
 ,,on ,a ,b4    ,two buoys are g5]ally  
us$ = ! l>ge torp$o1 & "o = !  small4 ,!
 buoy-rope is ( hemp1 ab\t five or six  
fa?oms 9 l5g? &  two in*es circumf]5ce1 
an eye be+ splic$ 9 ! end ne>e/ !       
torp$o2 to ?is eye is b5t ! t[-rope ) a 
s+le or d\ble %eet  b5d1 =m+ ! knot by  
:i* ! torp$o is t[$2 ! o!r end (  !     
buoy-rope is pass$ ?r\gh ! l>ge or small
 r+ 9 ! /]n  7accord+ to :e!r work+ 9   
deep or %all[ wat]71 !n ?r\gh !  tube ( 
! fir/ buoy1 an ov]h& knot made 9 ! re>2
 !n ?r\gh  ! next buoy1 & a knot 9 ! re>
 ( t4    ,illu/ration3 ,,draw+ 7,x74    
,illu/ration3 ,,draw+ #a4    ,! brakes  
are us$ = ! purpose ( controll+ !       
t[-ropes2 !y  c be fix$ by screws into !
 deck at ! mo/ conv5i5t place =  comm&1 
&1 9 a prop]ly-con/ruct$ vessel1 w\ld be
 work$ bel[ !  wat]-l9e to prev5t       
exposure ( ! m54 ,!y are s arrang$ z to 
admit ( ! t[-rope be+ quickly ve]$1 & at
 ! same "t p[]ful  9 br++ ! torp$o to ! 

surface :5 requir$4 ,success greatly    
dep5ds on ! skilful h&l+ ( ^! brakes1 = 
9 conjunction )  ! cork buoys !y give ! 
op]ator comm& ( ! dep? at :i*  ! enemy  
is to be /ruck4 ,! h&les on ! lea!r     
/raps are =  ! purpose ( lift+ ! /rap (f
 ! drum :5 ve]+ sudd5ly1  t !re may be  
no friction to int]f]e4 ,! h&les = w9d+ 
up w\ld r>ely be us$ 9 real action1 &   
nev] %\ld be on :5  ve]+4 ,unless a v   
high rate ( spe$ is requir$1 "o h&spike 
w control ! t[-rope2 ! o!r /rap c be    
?r[n (f ! drum1  & ! h&spike all[$ to   
lie on ! deck ready to be ?r[n into     
ge>1 if necess>y4 ,! surface ( ! drum 9 
contact ) ! /rap  %\ld be p[d]$ ) ros9  
to increase ! friction4 ,! t[-rope  %\ld
 be s reel$ up1 t 9 ve]+ ! reel may     
revolve t[>ds !  m5 at ! h&spike 7see   
,plate #b74 ,! sp9dle w conta9 sev]al   
t[-ropes1 t1 9 ! ev5t ( "o torp$o be+   
cut away1 ano!r c  be imm$iately b5t4   
,! brake = small torp$o requires only "o
 drum & h&spike4 ,x c  be fitt$ to a    
/eam-laun* by plac+ an extra ?w>t across

 ne> "o (  ! o!rs4    ,illu/ration3     
,,draw+ #b4    ,! draw+ %[s a small     
brake fitt$ = ! electric torp$o1 hav+  a
 holl[ c5tral sp9dle1 ?r\gh :i* ! end ( 
! t[-rope c>ry+  ! insulat$ wire is     
rove1 aft] pass+ out at ! axle2 a swivel
  connection is made ) ! batt]y4 ,!     
brakes1 bo? l>ge & small1  are s made z 
to ensure durability1 !y be+ consid]$ a 
"p ( !  %ip's furniture4    ,brake =    
safety-key l9e is a small reel on ! same
 pr9ciple4 ,:5  go+ a sl[ spe$1 x may n 
be necess>y1 z ! safety-key l9e c  be   
att5d$ by h&2 b :5 go+ t5 or elev5      
knots1 x w be f\nd  ( consid]able       
advantage1 bo? 9 keep+ ! light ( !      
safety-key  l9e f dragg+ a/]n1 !reby    
less5+ ! div]g5ce ( !  torp$o1 & also 9 
draw+ ! safety key :5 a /rong /op is    
us$4  ,! ord9>y deep-sea lead l9e c be  
us$ = a safety-key l9e1 or any          
hemp-rope f ?ree-qu>t]s to an in*       
circumf]5ce4 ,x %\ld be new  & ( good   
quality2 = 9 ! ev5t ( its c>ry+ away    
be=e !  /op1 x w\ld necessitate !       

recov]y ( ! torp$o4    ,illu/ration3    
,,draw+ #c4    ,illu/ration3 7,y7    ,! 
magaz9e = explod+ bolts is fitt$ )      
exactly ! same size  brass tub+ z 9 !   
prim+ case2 !re=e1 if ! bolts are kept  
to  "w ) ! prop] pressure :5 9 !        
magaz9e1 !y w d s 9  ! torp$o4 ,?is     
magaz9e %\ld be kept ap>t f !           
torp$o-room1  & c>e %\ld be tak5 t !    
tube is cle> be=e =c+ ! load$  bolt into
 x4 ,! torp$oes are !n no m dang]\s ?an 
any o!r  p[d] case1 &1 be+ v /rongly    
made & seal$1 are probably less  s4     
,illu/ration3 ,plate #b4    ,kell ,bros4
 ,li?4 ,london4      ,,arrangem5ts      
,,requir$ ,,= ,,laun*+ ,,& ,,t[+4    ,a 
y>d across ei!r ! ma9 or miz5 ma/ ( a   
torp$o vessel1 f t5  to fifte5 feet     
above ! wat]-l9e1 is a v conv5i5t me?od 
=  laun*+ & t[+4 ,! lead+ block on !    
y>d1 ?r\gh :i* !  t[-rope is rove1 may  
be fitt$ to a travell] on ! y>d ) an    
inhaul  & ou?aul1 t ! di/ance out f !   
%ip's side may be regulat$  z conv5i5t4 
,9 a l>ge vessel1 ! lead+ block =       

t[-rope c be fix$ to !  end ( !         
qu>t]-boat's davits4 ,! brakes = comm&+ 
! t[-rope  %\ld be screw$ firmly to !   
deck4 ,9 a vessel prop]ly con/ruct$  = !
 s]vice1 !y w\ld be on ! l[] deck1 !    
t[-rope hav+  be5 l$ along ! y>d1 & d[n 
ea* side ( ! ma/4    ,a lead+ block = ! 
t[-rope is plac$ on ! deck by span or   
bolt  a few feet 9 front ( ! brake4 ,!  
safety-key reel1 if us$1 mu/ be  fix$ 9 
a conv5i5t position on deck1 t ! man    
att5d+ x c see  h[ to control x2 9 a    
prop]ly-con/ruct$ vessel he w\ld be 9 ! 
pilot-h\se4 ,! safety-key l9e leads     
?r\gh a small lead+ block on  !         
ensign-/aff or "s conv5i5t po9t abaft ! 
lead ( ! t[-rope1  t x may be kept well 
cle> ( x4 ,! lead+ block on ! y>d may   
be fitt$ ) a liz>d1 if ?\ght necess>y4  
,a %>p in/rum5t %\ld  be kept by !      
brakes ready to sev] ! t[-rope4         
,,prep>ations ,,= ,,laun*+ ,,& ,,t[+4   
,illu/ration3 7,z7    ,! torp$oes1 port 
& />bo>d1 load$ & balla/$1 hav+ be5     
hoi/$ out ( ! torp$o-room1 are plac$ on 

! deck on _! own  sides1 ) _! heads =w>d
 "u ! lead+ block1 & ! numb]  ( buoys   
requir$ = ea*1 plac$ abaft !m1 /rung    
toge!r z  direct$ 7p4 #ag72 ! necess>y  
numb] ( explod+ bolts hav+ also  be5    
tak5 f ! bolt magaz9e1 are n[ ent]$ into
 ! torp$oes1  & =c$ d[n until _! safety 
keys re/ on ! brasswork1 tak+  c>e t ea*
 safety key po9ts 9 ! direction ( ! eye 
?r\gh  :i* its lany>d has to pass2 !    
brass gu>d is n[ tak5 (f1 &  aft] top   
lev] plac$ 9 ! crut* ( ! explod+ bolt2 !
 =e top  lev] is n[ plac$ on ! %\ld] ( !
 aft] "o1 & ! two lev]s  secur$ by _!   
lany>ds1 z direct$ 9 pages #ab & #ac4 ,!
 eye at  ! end ( ! buoy-rope is n[ rove 
?r\gh ! l>ge or small r+  9 ! /]n end ( 
! torp$o 7see p4 #ag74 ,! t[-rope hav+  
be5  previ\sly rove ?r\gh ! lead+ block 
on ! deck & on ! y>d1 is  rove ?r\gh !  
?imble ( ! sl+s f =w>d aft1 & b5t1 ) a  
s+le or d\ble %eet b5d1 to ! eye ( !    
buoy-rope4 ,! safety-key  l9e hav+ be5  
previ\sly rove ?r\gh ! lead+ block on ! 
ensign-/aff1 & ! lany>d on ! safety key 

hav+ be5 l$ ?r\gh  ! eye ( ! h&le1 mak+ 
a fair lead ) ! slit 9 ! bolt1 are  b5t 
toge!r ) a d\ble-%eet b5d1 & /opp$ to ! 
eye by a split  y>n ( suitable /r5g?1 ! 
y>n hav+ be5 secur$ outside ! b5d4  ,x c
 also be /opp$ ) ano!r split y>n to !   
sl+s ne> !  ?imble ( ! sl+s4 ,! torp$o  
is n[ ready = laun*+4      ,,laun*+ ,,! 
,,torp$o4    ,! crew hav+ be5 /ation$ at
 _! respective po/s1 ! h&les  hav+ be5  
%ipp$ on ! t[-reel1 ! t[-l9e is !n reel$
 up until  ! torp$o w laun* cle>1 & sw+ 
out "u ! lead+ block on  ! y>d4 ,hold ! 
torp$o by ! h&spikes1 & take (f ! h&les 
(  ! brake4 ,9 sw++ out1 c>e %\ld be    
tak5 t 9 />t+ f  ! deck ! =e sl+s d n   
f\l ! =e top lev]4 ,! /]n ( !  torp$o c 
be /eadi$ by keep+ a slight /ra9 on !   
buoy-rope4 ,!  safety-key l9e mu/ be    
kept cle>1 & n *eck$1 or x might break  
! /op & draw ! safety key be=e int5d$4  
,! buoys mu/ be plac$ 9 a prop]         
position1 & h&s /ation$ by  !m to laun* 
!m ov]bo>d ! in/ant ! torp$o takes !    
wat]4  ,x w\ld be bett] to /op ! screw1 

if circum/ances w\ld all[ ( x1  :5 l[]+ 
! torp$o & buoys into ! wat]1 to prev5t 
! *ance  ( ! buoys f\l+ ! screw4 ,!     
torp$o1 on rea*+ ! wat]1 w  imm$iately  
div]ge cle> ( ! %ip2 ! buoys be+ laun*$1
 z !  /ra9 comes on ! buoy-rope1 !y w be
 t[$ cle> away f !  screw1 & full spe$  
may be put on at once4 ,! m5 at !       
h&spikes  mu/ ve] /eadily1 occasionally 
*eck+ ! torp$o1 t x may be  kept ne> !  
surface1 & n all[$ to dive1 :i* x w d if
 !  t[-rope is slack$ up altoge!r1 & !n 
a sudd5 /ra9 br\ght on x4               
,illu/ration3 ,,draw+ #d4    ,ev5tually 
x w come to ! surface1 :5 ! b[ is po9t$ 
up by  ! /ra9 on ! t[-rope2 great] !    
spe$ ! m quickly w x  be br\ght to !    
surface4 ,9 %all[ wat] ?is %\ld be      
p>ticul>ly  att5d$ to1 z 9 div+ x might 
/rike ! bottom & injure !  lev]s2 & if !
 safety key has be5 )drawn1 explode2    
moreov] x  br+s an undue /ra9 on !      
t[-rope4 ,! torp$o c n[ be gradually    
ve]$ out to ! di/ance requir$1 !        
safety-key l9e s att5d$1  t a suffici5t 

/ra9 is kept on x z n to all[ ( a long  
bight  ( l9e dragg+ a/]n ( ! torp$o2 at 
! same "t hav+ due  reg>d to ! /r5g? ( !
 y>n by :i* ! l9e is /opp$ to !  h&le ( 
! torp$o4 ,! di/ance ve]$ mu/ dep5d ^u !
 nature  ( attack4 ,! t[-l9e %\ld be    
m>k$ ) knots e t5 fa?oms2  "u "s        
circum/ances ! torp$o w\ld be close to !
 %ip until  pass+ ! enemy 7see          
,tactics72 at o!r times ve]$ to #dj     
fa?oms x  w be f\nd mo/ suitable4 ,!    
full div]g5ce ( #de is obta9$ up  to #ej
 fa?oms1 beyond t ! bight ( ! t[-rope 9 
! wat] drags  ! torp$o a/]n unless !    
t[-rope is tric$ mu* high] up1 :i*  has 
its disadvantage2 #dj to #ej fa?oms (   
t[-rope gives ! be/ comm&  ( ! torp$o1  
ve]+ #b or #c fa?oms ( t[-l9e sudd5ly w 
always  s9k ! torp$o "s feet bel[ !     
surface4 ,%\ld x become necess>y  to use
 ! torp$oes ) a /]n-bo>d !y c be s us$1 
b 9  ?is case ! port torp$o is us$ on ! 
/>bo>d b[ & />bo>d  on ! port2 all o!r  
arrangem5ts be+ exactly ! same4 ,9 r\gh 
wea!r1 advantage %\ld be tak5 ( ! roll1 

& ! torp$o all[$  to sw+ out f ! y>d1 & 
be let g by ! run1 *eck+ !  t[-rope     
imm$iately ! torp$o is 9 ! wat]4 ,x is n
 absolutely  necess>y to ease ! vessel  
:5 laun*+1 ! torp$o c be laun*$  at full
 spe$4 ,9 ! ev5t ( its be+ f\nd necess>y
 to cut adrift  ! torp$o1 9 consequ5ce (
 com+ sudd5ly across a fri5dly vessel1  
! t[-rope %\ld be cut ne> ! brake1 & if 
! buoy-rope has be5  rove ?r\gh ! l>ge  
/]n-r+1 ! torp$o w s9k & be lo/1 !  buoy
 only rema9+4 ,if ! buoy-rope has be5   
rove ?r\gh ! small  /]n-r+1 ! torp$o w  
be susp5d$ by ! buoy-rope2 & %\ld  !    
safety key n h be5 )drawn1 c be recov]$ 
) safety4  ,9 ! ev5t ( wi%+ to recov] x 
:5 ! buoy-rope has be5 rove  ?r\gh !    
l>ge r+1 a toggle mu/ be la%$ on !      
t[-rope abaft !  lead+ block on ! y>d1  
:5 x c be recov]$ by ! buoy-rope2 z  a  
g5]al rule1 x w h[ev] be f\nd be/ to    
exp5d ! torp$o1 &  n attempt its        
recov]y4 ,by slack+ ! t[-rope r\ndly &  
/opp+  ! vessel1 a fri5dly %ip c pass   
ov] ! bight ( ! t[-rope  )\t /rik+ !    

torp$o2 b ?is is r a delicate op]ation1 
p>ticul>ly if ! safety key has be5      
)drawn4      ,,recov]+ ,,! ,,torp$o4    
,%\ld ! safety key h be5 )drawn1 great  
caution mu/ be us$4    ,illu/ration3    
,,draw+ #e4    ,tongs1 = go+ r\nd ! upp]
 "p ( ! bolt1 to take ! place (  !      
safety key1 :5 once clasp$ & secur$ r\nd
 ! bolt1 r5d] !  torp$o safe to h&le2   
?is c\ld only be done f a boat4 ,) !    
safety key 91 !re is no dang] 9 hook+ x 
inbo>d aga9 by its own  t[-rope1 & hoi/+
 up ! buoys at ! same "t ) a grapnel4   
,,torp$o ,,arrang$ ,,to ,,explode ,,by  
,,electricity4    ,to sub/itute !       
electrical me?od ( fir+ ! torp$o = !    
me*anical "o1 all t w be necess>y is to 
unscrew ! prim+  case f ! c5tre hole ( !
 me*anical torp$o1 & screw 9 !          
electrical arrangem5t :i* conta9s       
,mc,evoy's pat5t circuit-clos]1         
especially adapt$ by him to suit ?is    
p>ticul> torp$o4    ,! electrical       
arrangem5t has its own explod+ bolt1 :i*
 diff]s  f ! o!r only bel[ ! safety key1

 :i* key is fitt$ & work$  9 ! same     
mann] z ! me*anical "o1 9 ord] t !      
electrical  arrangem5t might n be       
di/urb$ by an accid5tal bl[ :5 laun*+4  
,! insulat$ conduct+ wire is c>ri$ along
 ! :ole l5g? (  ! t[-rope 9 ! c5tre1 =m+
 a core4 ,! t[-rope1 z 9 !  me*anical   
"o1 is b5t on to ! hemp buoy-rope by a  
%eet b5d1 !  /r&s at ! end are !n       
unlaid1 suffici5tly s to =m a connection
  betwe5 ! insulat$ wire 9 ! t[-rope & t
 project+ f  ! c5tre hole ( ! torp$o2   
?is connection c be be/ made )          
,mc,evoy's pat5t jo9t]4 ,! o!r end ( !  
t[-rope on ! b>rel (  ! brake passes    
?r\gh ! holl[ sp9dle ( ! brake at "o    
extremity  & is connect$ ) ! con/ant    
batt]y1 :i* mu/ be suitable =  heat+    
plat9um at ! di/ance ( #ajj fa?oms1 !   
return circuit be+  by ! wat]4 ,! lev]s 
act 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! me*anical "o1  
=c+ d[n ! bolt & !reby clos+ ! circuit  
?r\gh ! fuze  & explod+ ! torp$o4       
,?is sy/em ( explod+ ! torp$o may be    
pref]r$ 9 riv]s or  %all[ wat]1 :]e x   

w\ld be consid]$ dang]\s to leave a     
me*anical torp$o at ! bottom2 b x _c be 
reckon$ ^u )  ! same c]ta9ty z !        
me*anical "o4 ,x is necess>ily m co/ly1 
complicat$1 & delicate2 ! two latt]     
conditions r5d]+ x  unsuit$ = ! r\gh "w 
x w h to enc\nt]4    ,! torp$o be+      
provid$ ) ?is c5tre tube 9 addition to !
  usual prim+ case1 admits ( its be+ us$
 ^u an em]g5cy1 special  ones n be+ at  
h&1 = v>i\s o!r purposes1 viz4 cle>+    
away ob/ructions2 z l& torp$oes2 z      
/ation>y torp$oes1 provid$  !y are n to 
rema9 a v long "t 9 ! wat]4 ,9 ^! cases 
! ord9>y insulat$ wire & jo9t]s are all 
t is requir$4 ,if  requir$ to be fir$ at
 w1 x w be only necess>y to =ce d[n !   
bolt suffici5tly to close ! circuit     
?r\gh ! fuze & !n secure  x4 ,if to be  
self-act+1 leave ! bolt up 9 its        
position1 z :5  work+ at sea1 to be act$
 ^u by pressure4      ,,description ,,( 
,,capt4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,mcevoy',s             
,,circuit-,,clos+ ,,arrangem5t ,,=      
,,h>vey',s ,,sea ,,torp$o4              

,illu/ration3 ,fig3 #a4 ,fig3 #b4       
,london3 ,e4  ,f4 ,n4 ,spon1 #dh1 ,*>+  
,cross4    ,kell ,bros4 ,li?rs4         
,,fig4 #a4--;,an ext]ior tube1 a a2     
screw-head1  a2 int]ior tube1  b2       
int]m$iate tube1 d2 fir+ bolt1 e2       
sp9dle1 f2 long brass  spiral spr+1 g2  
%ort spiral spr+1 h2 socket = sp9dle1 i 
i2  insulat$ wire f batt]y1 k k2        
insulat$ t]m9al1 l2 electric  fuze1 m2  
prim+ space1 n n2 *>g+ hole1 o2 insulat$
 bridge1  p2 metal bridge1 u4    ,!     
electric wire k k passes ?r\gh !        
screw-head  a ( ext]nal  tube a a1 &    
w9d+ spirally ar\nd ! int]m$iate tube d1
  t]m9ates 9 a connection ) ! insulat$  
bridge p at s4 ,!  int]m$iate tube d is 
atta*$ to ! head ( ! sp9dle f at t4  ,:5
 pressure is br\ght to be> on ! fir+    
bolt e1 ! sp9dle f  is =c$ d[n1 & c>ries
 ) x ! insulat$ bridge p1 until !       
bridge t\*es ! insulat$ t]m9al l4 ,x w  
be se5 t !  long spiral spr+ g & %ort   
spiral spr+ h s]ve to support  ! sp9dle 
f1 & keep ! bridge p (f ! t]m9al l until

  !y are =c$ into contact4 ,:il/ !      
insulat$ bridge p rema9s  above !       
insulat$ t]m9al1 ! =m] is 9 con/ant     
contact )  ! metal bridge u2 b ?is      
contact is brok5 :5 ! metal bridge      
moves d[nw>d & be=e x makes contact ) ! 
insulat$ t]m9al  l4 ,:5 ! insulat$      
bridge p is 9 contact ) ! metal bridge  
u1 ! electric fuze is out ( circuit2 & a
 curr5t s5t ?r\gh  ! torp$o w return by 
way ( ! e>? )\t fir+ ! torp$o2  b :5    
contact ) ! metal bridge u is brok51 &  
contact )  ! insulat$ t]m9al l is made1 
! curr5t is direct$ ?r\gh !  electric   
fuze1 & ! torp$o fir$4    ,! prim+ 9 !  
tube is suffici5t to rupture ! tubes &  
ignite !  *>ge 9 ! torp$o4    ,fig4 #b  
%[s a section ( ! circuit-clos]1 ) !    
spiral spr+  slightly compress$1 & !    
insulat$ bridge 9 contact ) !  insulat$ 
t]m9al1 & ! circuit clos$4 ,by disp5s+ )
 !  electric fuze1 & us+ 9 its place a  
piece ( copp] wire1 any numb]  (        
exp]im5ts may be made ) an un*>g$ torp$o
 )\t adju/m5t  or manipulation ( any    

k9d2 x only be+ necess>y to atta* to !  
return wire ne> ! batt]y a galvanomet]  
or electric fuze to indicate  ! "t ( !  
impact4        ,! torp$oes "h describ$  
are manufactur$ by ,j4 ,vavasseur      &
 ,co41 at ! ,london ,ordnance ,works2 at
 :i* e/abli%m5t      ! inv5tor has e    
facility 9 ! sup]vision ( !      v>i\s  
details 9 ! con/ruction ( ! torp$oes1   
buoys1      & brakes4 ,su* sup]vision ( 
! torp$oes & _!      equipm5ts is highly
 ess5tial to secure safety & effici5cy4 
,,tactics4      ,torp$o vessels %\ld1 z 
a rule1 attack "u ! cov] ( d>kness4 ,by 
! exp]i5ce ga9$ 9 blockade runn+ 9 !    
late ,am]ican conflict1  we are assur$ t
 a vessel 9 rapid motion c1 :5 x is d>k1
 pass  ) impunity close "u ! fire (     
ho/ile vessels1 arm$ ) cannon4    ,9 ! m
 e>ly /age ( ! torp$o1 ! tactics (      
vessels arm$  ) torp$oes embrac$ modes (
 attack t are n n[ ent]ta9$4 ,s  g5]al  
is becom+ ! use ( torp$oes z a means bo?
 ( def5ce &  (f5ce1 t vessels1 :i* may  
be at an*or or moor$ 9 a h>b\r or       

road/ead1 w\ld be protect$ by /ation>y  
torp$oes2 ! use ( :i*  admits also (    
vessels1 :5 at an*or or moor$1 protect+ 
!mselves  by plac+ a web ( torp$oes 9   
su* mann] z to r5d] ! attack  ( a ho/ile
 vessel or boats extremely haz>d\s1 &   
!re=e n  likely to be attempt$4 ,b 9 !  
ev5t ( a vessel be+ at an*or 9  a h>b\r 
or road/ead unprotect$1 %e c\ld be      
attack$1 z %[n 9  ! illu/ration (       
,tactics1 "u su* conditions4 ,z1 h[ev]1 
vessels  arm$ ) torp$oes are int5d$ to  
"w ! arm aga9/ vessels at sea  or 9     
motion1 ! managem5t ( ! torp$o 9 s      
attack+ vessels is  ! m important "p ( !
 code ( ,tactics4    ,x %\ld be "h      
rem>k$1 t ) a view to simplicity1 !     
explanations w be conf9$ to a s+le      
/eam]1 ! attack+ vessel  adapt$ to !    
s]vice ( ! arm 9 "q1 & conf9$ also to a 
s+le vessel1 ! object ( attack4         
,,case #a4    ,,attack+ ,a ,,vessel     
,,moor$ ,,head ,,& ,,/]n4      ,9 ?is   
case ! torp$o vessel /e]s 9 = ! b[ or   
qu>t] (  ! vessel attack$1 accord+ to ! 

direction ( ! curr5t1 & on  ! side      
approa*$ laun*es ! torp$o betwe5 !      
moor+s z at ,a2  leav+ ! t[-rope slack1 
! torp$o vessel proce$s ahead or a/]n   
aga9/ ! curr5t1 & :5 at a suffici5t     
di/ance (f1 ! t[-rope  is held fa/1 :i* 
w cause ! torp$o to div]ge into contact 
)  ! vessel attack$1 z %[n by ! draw+4  
,illu/ration3 ,plate #d4    ,kell ,bros4
 ,li?4 ,london4    ,,case               
#a4--;,,attack+ ,a ,,vessel ,,moor$     
,,head ,,& ,,/]n4          ,,case #b4   
,,attack+ ,a ,,vessel ,,at ,,an*or ,,by 
,,cross+ ,,! ,,b[4      ,9 ?is case1 !  
torp$o is suffici5tly div]g$ :5 ne> to !
  vessel ) a good scope ( t[-rope out4  
,aft] hav+ cross$ h] b[1  proce$+       
onw>ds1 ! t[-rope w be br\ght obliquely 
across h]  cable1 & ! torp$o w sw+ into 
h]1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,x  may be "h      
rem>k$ t1 9 all cases1 ! dep? (         
explosion c be  obta9$ by ! sudd5 slack+
 ( ! t[-rope2 & ! t[-rope1 once  "u !   
keel1 causes ! torp$o to be haul$ d[n   
ne> to x be=e  explod+4    ,illu/ration3

 ,plate #e4    ,kell ,bros4 ,li?4       
,london4    ,,case #b4--;,,attack+ ,a   
,,vessel ,,at ,,an*or ,,by ,,cross+ ,,! 
,,b[4          ,,case #c4    ,,attack+  
,a ,,vessel ,,at ,,an*or ,,by ,,pass+   
,,on ,,ei!r ,,side ,,det]m9$ ,,^u1      
,,com+ ,,up ,,f ,,! ,,/]n4      ,9 ?is  
case1 ! torp$o is laun*$ :5 on ! qu>t] (
 ! vessel  attack$1 z at ,a1 ! t[-rope  
left slack4 ,aft] /eam+ ahead "s        
di/ance1 hold fa/ ! t[-rope1 :51 by     
cont9u+ to /eam on1  ! torp$o w div]ge  
into contact ) ! bottom ( ! vessel      
attack$1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,:5 skilfully 
p]=m$1 ! total  de/ruction ( ! enemy is 
c]ta91 s9ce ! torp$o is spr++  f a dep? 
to ! surface1 & w1 9 consequ5ce1 /rike  
ne> !  keel4 ,! torp$o vessel c pass at 
h] greate/ spe$1 &1 if ?\ght  necess>y1 
ne> en\gh to cle> away any ( ! ord9>y   
ob/ructions1  su* z booms1 nets1 c4     
,illu/ration3 ,plate #f4    ,kell ,bros4
 ,li?4 ,london4    ,,case               
#c4--;,,attack+ ,a ,,vessel ,,at ,,an*or
 ,,by ,,pass+ ,,on ,,ei!r ,,side4       

,,case #d4    ,,attack+ ,a ,,vessel ,,at
 ,,an*or ,,by ,,com+ ,,up ,,"r ,,a/]n   
,,& ,,!n ,,pass+  ,,on ,,ei!r ,,side4   
,9 ?is case1 hav+ det]m9$ ^u ! side x is
 desirable to pass1  a torp$o is laun*$ 
accord+ly4 ,:5 ne> ! vessel1 ! torp$o is
  suffici5tly div]g$1 & ! torp$o vessel 
pass+ onw>ds ahead1 !  torp$o is br\ght 
"u ! run or bottom ( ! vessel attack$1 z
  %[n by ! draw+4    ,illu/ration3      
,plate #g4    ,kell ,bros4 ,li?4        
,london4    ,,case #d4--;,,attack+ ,a   
,,vessel ,,at ,,an*or ,,com+ ,,up ,,f   
,,a/]n ,,& ,,!n  ,,pass+ ,,on ,,ei!r    
,,side4          ,,case #e4    ,,pass+  
,,d[n ,,betwe5 ,,two ,,l9es ,,(         
,,vessels ,,at ,,an*or1 ,,& ,,de/roy+   
,,!m  ,,on ,,ei!r ,,side4      ,9 ?is   
case1 x w\ld be impossible to fire at ! 
torp$o vessel =  fe> ( injury to _!     
fri5ds4 ,two or m torp$o vessels foll[+ 
ea* o!r ) preconc]t$ signals w\ld cause 
great de/ruction4    ,illu/ration3      
,plate #h4    ,kell ,bros4 ,li?4        
,london4    ,,case #e4--,,pass+ ,,betwe5

 ,,two ,,vessels ,,at ,,an*or4          
,,case #f4    ,,attack+ ,a ,,vessel ,,9 
,,motion ,,by ,,com+ ,,d[n ,,f ,,"r     
,,ahead4      ,9 ?is case1 two torp$oes 
are laun*$1 port & />bo>d1 ea*  div]g+  
to its full ext5t2 :5 pass+ ! vessel    
attack$1 "o  or ! o!r ( ! t[-ropes is   
br\ght across ! cut-wat]1 & by  !       
simultane\s motion ( ! two vessels 9    
opposite directions1  ! torp$o is br\ght
 alongside ( or "u ! bottom ( ! vessel  
attack$1 z %[n by ! draw+4 ,! torp$o    
vessel %\ld keep !  ma/s ( h] enemy 9 "o
 until close to1 :5 ei!r torp$o w be    
us$1 accord+ to ! movem5t ( ! enemy4 ,at
 ! "t ( ! t[-rope  tak+ ! cut-wat]1 !   
brake is sudd5ly eas$ up2 ! t[-rope w   
!n pass "u ! bottom1 :51 by *eck+ !     
t[-rope1 ! torp$o  w be haul$ "u !      
bottom4    ,illu/ration3 ,plate #i4     
,kell ,bros4 ,li?4 ,london4    ,,case   
#f4--;,,attack+ ,a ,,vessel ,,9 ,,motion
 ,,com+ ,,d[n ,,f ,,ahead4              
,,case #g4    ,,attack+ ,a ,,vessel ,,9 
,,motion1 ,,com+ ,,up ,,to ,,h] ,,f ,,"r

 ,,a/]n4      ,9 ?is case1 two torp$oes 
are laun*$ & div]g$1 z 9 ,case #f2  & 9 
?is case x is assum$ t ! torp$o vessel c
 outspe$ !  vessel attack$1 :i* w enable
 h] to br+ a torp$o "u ! run  ( ! vessel
 attack$1 z %[n by ! draw+4             
,illu/ration3 ,plate #aj4    ,kell      
,bros4 ,li?4 ,london4    ,,case         
#g4--;,,attack+ ,a ,,vessel ,,9 ,,motion
 ,,com+ ,,up ,,f ,,a/]n4          ,,case
 #h4    ,,if ,,*as$ ,,by ,a ,,ho/ile    
,,vessel1 ,,& ,,x ,,is ,,deem$          
,,unadvisable ,,to ,,face ,,h]  ,,&     
,,proce$ ,,z ,,9 ,,case #f4      ,9 ?is 
case1 ve] a torp$o a/]n1 hav+ fir/      
obta9$ a position  a little on ! b[ ( ! 
*as+ vessel4 ,:5 x is kn[n1 by !  l5g? (
 ! t[-rope out1 t ! torp$o is ab\t      
abrea/ ( h] b[1  hold fa/ ! t[-rope1 :i*
 w cause ! torp$o to div]ge1 & be       
br\ght into contact1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,z
 a la/ resort1 drop  spann$ torp$oes4   
,illu/ration3 ,plate #aa    ,kell ,bros4
 ,li?4 ,london4    ,,case #h4--;,,*as$  
,,by ,a ,,ho/ile ,,vessel4              

,,case #i4    ,,attack+ ,a ,,vessel ,,9 
,,motion ,,by ,,cross+ ,,h] ,,b[4       
,9 ?is case1 ! torp$o be+ div]g$ :5 ne>1
 w1 aft] cross+  ! b[1 be dragg$ into   
contact1 z %[n by ! draw+4    ,torp$oes 
c be us$ ) a /]n-bo>d1 if necess>y4 ,!  
port torp$o1  9 ?is case1 w be laun*$ on
 ! />bo>d side1 & ! />bo>d  on ! port   
side4    ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ab       
,kell ,bros4 ,li?4 ,london4    ,,case   
#i4--;,,attack+ ,a ,,vessel ,,9 ,,motion
 ,,by ,,cross+ ,,! ,,b[4          ,9    
conclusion1 x %\ld be /at$ t a d>k night
 & tempe/u\s  wea!r are 9 fav\r ( !     
attack+ torp$o vessels2 & ^!  conditions
 are especially advantage\s :5 attack+  
l>ge1 long1  unwieldy vessels1 & !      
great] ! numb] ( !m toge!r1 !  m easily 
c !y be disabl$ or de/roy$1 by reason ( 
consequ5t  confusion4 ,?\gh ! sea torp$o
 c be us$ 9 ! light ( day1 or  d>kness (
 night1 by vessels ( ! pres5t navies1   
arm$ ) cannon1  x is nev]!less e>ne/ly  
advis$ t fa/ vessels be built (         
comp>atively small size & co/1 adapt$ to

 ! s]vice ( & arm$  ) torp$oes1 by      
reason t su* vessels c keep at sea =    
long  p]iods )\t repl5i%+ supplies (    
coals & provisions2 &  9 conflict ^u !  
ocean1 c easily de/roy or r5d]          
unseawor?y  vessels1 h[ l>ge soev] !y   
may be1 & arm$ ) any cannon &           
projectiles at pres5t kn[n4 ,h5ce !     
necessity ( be+ prep>$  ) vessels suit$ 
to ! *ange 9 naval w>f>e1 & ) (fic]s    
well practis$ 9 an arm :i*1 soon] or    
lat]1 w be adopt$ by  all ,m>itime      
,/ates1 by reason ( its economy &       
effici5cy4 ,9 !  tactics1 "h attempt$ to
 be r5d]$ intelligible1 x is presum$ t  
! v>i\s modes ( attack are by small h&y 
vessels adapt$ to !  s]vice1 & arm$ )   
torp$oes1 aga9/ l>ge unwieldy vessels1  
arm$  ) cannon4 ,:5 x %all h be5 cle>ly 
demon/rat$1 9 actual w>1  t l>ge vessels
 c be disabl$ or de/roy$ by small       
vessels1 )  some?+ l impunity1 torp$o   
w>f>e w !n take ano!r =m1  t ( torp$o   
vessels aga9/ torp$o vessels1 ^: tactics
 w1 9  due "t1 be a subject = ano!r     

/udy4                                   
,,fr$]ick ,,h>vey1                      
,comm&] ,r4,n4          ,,! ,,subjo9$   
,,is ,a ,,rem>k ,,^u ,,! ,,description  
,,( ,,vessel ,,adapt$ ,,to ,,!  ,,s]vice
 ,,( ,,! ,,sea ,,torp$o4      ,vessels  
adapt$ to ! s]vice ( ! sea torp$o %\ld  
be ab\t #djj  tons bur!n2 h] extreme    
l5g?1 ov] all1 f taffrail to            
figure-head1  ab\t #aej feet4 ,! =m (   
body to be su* z to atta9 ! greate/     
practicable spe$4    ,spe$ be+ !        
ess5tial condition ( a torp$o vessel1 a 
p]fectly  flu% upp] or wea!r deck1 )\t  
any bulw>ks1 is advisable2 in/ead  (    
bulw>ks1 life-l9es1 support$ by         
/an*ions1 supply _! place  to prev5t    
accid5ts ( fall+ ov]bo>d4 ,?us fitt$1   
!re w\ld be  no?+ to hold w9d t c\ld    
ret>d spe$1 z !re is 9 vessels (  ord9>y
 build4 ,s cov]$ 91 ! vessel w\ld n1 "u 
any condition  ( wea!r1 %ip wat]2 %e    
w\ld n1 f su* cause1 be 9 any dang]  (  
f\nd]+4    ,! height ( ! wea!r-deck     
above ! wat]-l9e at mid%ips1 #i feet2  !

 height ( ! ma9 deck above ! wat]-l9e1  
#ah in*es2 leav+  a cle> height betwe5  
decks ( #f feet #f in*es4 ,!re %\ld be  
two  wat]-tight bulkheads1 "o ab\t #ej  
feet f ! /em1 & ! o!r  ab\t #bj feet f !
 /]n-po/2 ! two wat]-tight bulkheads    
come  up to ! "u side ( ! ma9 deck1 )   
:i* ! bulkhead =m  p]fectly wat]-tight  
comp>tm5ts4 ,9 ! =e comp>tm5t1 empty    
wat]-tight cases w\ld occupy ! l[] "p1  
ov] :i* w\ld be /[$  ! cork buoys & "s  
light resi/+ mat]ial1 r5d]$             
un9flammable1  s t 9 ! ev5t ( ! =e body 
be+ ripp$ op5 bel[ !  wat]-l9e1 !re w\ld
 be no space = ! admission ( wat]2 !    
trim ( ! vessel w\ld !re=e be pres]v$4  
,! aft] comp>tm5t  w\ld be simil>ly /[$4
 ,!re w\ld be a capaci\s eng9e-room to  
all[ ( p[]ful eng9es to "w tw9 screws2  
!re w\ld also be  capaci\s coal-bunk]s &
 a coal-hold be=e ! eng9e-room2 &  be=e 
! coal-hold a small hold = ! /[age (    
cables & v>i\s  articles4 ,!re w\ld also
 be a pilot-h\se1 9 :i* w\ld be protect$
  ! (fic] 9 comm&1 :o w\ld be s plac$ z 

to h 8 ord]s  imm$iately obey$4 ,!      
torp$o-room1 to conta9 ab\t "o hundr$   
torp$oes ( v>i\s de/ructive p[]s1 !     
weight ( :i* may be  ab\t #aj tons1 w\ld
 be 9 ! aft] body1 & z l[ d[n z may be  
conv5i5t4 ,^u ! orlop deck1 :i* cov]s ! 
magaz9e1 w\ld be !  t[+ ge>1 & ma*9]y = 
work+ su* ge>4 ,on ! orlop deck w\ld    
also be a /e]+ :eel1 by :i* ! vessel    
w\ld be /e]$ :5 9  action4 ,! space     
betwe5 ! decks ( ! entire l5g? ( !      
vessel  w\ld af=d ample accommodation = 
(fic]s & crew1 embrac+1 also1  /[age =  
provisions & means ( cook+4 ,v5tilation 
& light w\ld  be obta9$ by hat*ways1    
fitt$ ) skylights2 & !re w\ld also be   
side scuttles1 :i*1 f _! height above   
wat]1 w\ld admit ( _!  be+ g5]ally op54 
,! rig w\ld be t ( a ?ree-ma/$ s*oon]1  
hav+ =e1 ma91 & miz5 gaffsails1 ) a =e  
/aysail & two  jibs1 inn] & out]4 ,:5   
go+ into action1 ! sails w\ld be l[]$  &
 /[$2 ! vessel w\ld !n be entirely "u   
/eam4 ,to ea* ma/  !re w\ld be a y>d (  
suitable dim5sions1 = ! d\ble purpose ( 

t[+ ! torp$oes & sett+ fly+ squ>e sails4
 ,! rigg+ w\ld  n be rattl$2 ! asc5t to 
! ma/head w\ld be by a ,jacob's ladd]   
be=e ! ma/2 !re w\ld be a small top to  
ea* ma/head1 pr9cipally  = ! use ( !    
look-out m54 ,! crew w\ld be /ation$ ^u 
!  orlop deck1 ea* man be+ provid$ ) a  
life-belt4 ,) reg>d to  boats1 !re may  
be a small /]n boat1 & two l>g] boats1  
/[$ on  deck2 & ^u go+ into action1     
gripes or la%+s %\ld be ca/ (f  s t !   
boats w\ld in/antly be dis5gag$ f !     
vessel4    ,torp$o vessels = =eign      
s]vice %\ld1 "u ! pres5t  difficulties (
 keep+ iron f oxidiz+ & f\l+1 be built  
( timb]4 ,= home s]vice1 vessels        
con/ruct$ ( iron w\ld be  pref]able1 & )
 v r$uc$ ma/s1 to enable !m to pass "u !
  y>ds ( a vessel4 ,"o or two light     
guns1 to br+-to an un>m$ vessel1  & =   
signal purposes1 on ! wea!r-deck1 & fir$
 ov] all4    ,illu/ration3 ,plate #c4   
,kell ,bros4 ,li?4 ,london4    ,,an     
,,iron ,,clad ,,fleet ,,surpris$ ,,at   
,,sea ,,by ,a ,,squadron ,,( ,,torp$o   

,,craft ,,arm$  ,,) ,,h>vey',s ,,sea    
,,torp$oes4      ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by 
,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,/am=d   
,,/reet ,,& ,,*>+  ,,cross4