,transcrib] ,note ,text emphasis d5ot$ z ,italics4 ,,! ,,bee ,,pres]v]4 ,,! ,,bee ,,pres]v]2 ,,or ,,practical ,,directions ,,= ,,! ,,managem5t ,,& ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,hives4 ,,translat$ ,,f ,,! ,,fr5* ,,( ,,jonas ,,de ,,gelieu1 ,,late ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,ligni]es1 ,,at ,,pres5t ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*es ,,( ,,colombi] ,,& ,,auv]ni]1 ,,9 ,,! ,,pr9cipality ,,( ,,neu*atel2 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,societ ,,economique ,,de ,,b]ne1 c41 c41 c4 ,,publi%$ ,,at ,,mulhaus54 ,,john ,,&]son ,,jun4 ,,ed9burgh1 #ee1 ,,nor? ,,bridge ,,/reet2 ,,& ,,simpk9 ,,& ,,m>%all1 ,,london4 ,,mdcccxxix4 ,p4 ,,neill1 ,,pr9t]4 ,,to ,,! ,,highl& ,,society ,,( ,,scotl&4 ,9 respectfully d$icat+ ?is little ,"w to ! ,highl& ,society ( ,scotl&1 ! ,translator hopes1 t1 "u _! effici5t & enlight5$ patronage1 x may be made g5]ally kn[n 9 ,scotl&1 :]e ! sy/em :i* x expla9s is calculat$ to be z ext5sively applicable1 & z highly pr(itable1 z x has prov$ 9 ! native m\nta9s ( its amiable & v5]able ,au?or4 ,x seems1 inde$1 bo? f ! pla9 practical directions :i* x conta9s1 & ! valuable discov]ies :i* x communicates relative to ! hi/ory & economy ( bees1 to be s+ul>ly adapt$ to =w>d ! views ( ! ,society1 :o h ?is ye> turn$ _! att5tion to ! enc\ragem5t ( ,api>ies among ! peasantry ( our own c\ntry2 & x is no small advantage1 t ! rules laid d[n are applicable to hives ( e =m4 ,! ,translator has no fe> ( its be+ object$1 t plans :i* are v suitable 9 ,switz]l&1 may be less successful z appli$ to ,scotl&4 ,switz]l& & ,scotl& pres5t s _m po9ts ( resemblance--9 _! m\nta9s--9 _! valleys--& 9 _! climate--t :i* is b5eficial 9 ! "o1 c sc>cely fail to be s 9 ! o!r4 ,& z ! ,swiss honey is kn[n to be n only v abundant1 b ( a v sup]ior flav\r1 especially 9 ^? di/ricts :]e ,de ,gelieu's or "s simil> plan is adopt$1 ! ,translator is desir\s to see ! simple & successful me?ods ( t c\ntry transf]r$ to our own1 t ! ,scotti% peasantry may d]ive f _! practice ! same advantages4 ,to ! ,swiss peasantry1 bees are a great s\rce ( weal?2 a /rang] is attract$ by ! appe>ance ( sub/antial com=t1 convey$ by well appo9t$ api>ies1 :]e ! hives are rang$ 9 d\ble & triple r[s along ! sunny side1 & "u ! %elt] ( ! project+ ro(s ( ! cottages2 & 9 ,scotl& !re is little d\bt t1 if simil> c>e 7 be/[$ on ! cultivation ( bees1 !y w\ld be equally pr(itable4 ,ed9burgh1 #ai? ,april1 #ahbi4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,,*apt] ,i4--,situation ( an api>y1 #aa ,,ii4--,prop] "t to transport a sw>m to ! situation design$ = x1 #af ,,iii4--,situation ( ! hives ought nev] to be *ang$1 #ah ,,iv4--,mo/ conv5i5t %ape ( hives1 #ba ,v4--,hives ( /raw & wood1 #bc ,,vi4--,?ickness or solidity ( hives1 #bd ,,vii4--,size ( ! ap]ture or entrance ( hives1 #be ,,viii4--,to asc]ta9 ! weight ( hives1 #bg ,,ix4--,quantity ( honey necess>y to ma9ta9 a hive1 #bj ,x4--,! use ( capes or hoods1 #cd ,,xi4--,h[ to expel ! bees f ! capes1 #da ,,xii4--,size ( hives1 #db ,,xiii4--,mann] ( unit+ new sw>ms1 #dd ,,xiv4--,me?ods ( unit+ two or ?ree sw>ms 9 autumn1 #dh ,,xv4--,mann] ( unit+ old hives 9 autumn1 #ec ,,xvi4--,neighb\r+ hives %\ld be unit$1 #ee ,,xvii4--,h[ to fe$ unit$ sw>ms1 #ei ,,xviii4--,quantity ( food requisite = unit$ hives1 #fb ,,xix4--,b5efits result+ f ! union ( weak hives1 #fg ,,xx4--,"t & mann] ( r5ew+ old hives1 #ga ,,xxi4--,! signs by :i* to asc]ta9 :e!r a hive requires to be r5ew$1 #gf ,,xxii4--,artificial sw>ms1 & diff]5t me?ods ( =m+ !m1 #hd ,,xxiii4--,advantages ( isolat$ hives1 #id ,,xxiv4--,enemies ( bees1 & means ( ov]com+ !m1 #if ,,xxv4--,diseases ( ! bees1 #ajf ,,xxvi4--,( ! diff]5t v>ieties ( bees1 & _! language1 #ajg ,,xxvii4--,signs ( recognition among ! bees1 #aaj ,,xxviii4--,pres]vation ( hives 9 w9t]1 & means ( protect+ !m f ! cold1 #aab ,,xxix4--,mann] ( pres]v+ hives1 by tak+ !m into ! h\se 9 w9t]1 #aag ,conclusion1 #aba ,,! ,,bee ,,pres]v] ,,au?ors ,,preface4 ,hav+ atta9$ old age1 ,i ?9k x a duty1 be=e quitt+ ! _w1 to communicate to ! public ! obs]vations ,i h made dur+ sixty-f\r ye>s t ,i h be5 occupi$ ) bees4 ,f my e>lie/ ye>s ,i h be5 v fond ( ^! admirable insects4 ,i began to obs]ve !m "u ! direction ( my fa!r1 ,jacques de ,gelieu1 pa/or ( ! *ur* ( ,bay>ds1 & aft]w>ds ( t ( ,v]ri]es1 9 ! pr9cipality ( ,neu*atel4 ,he in/ruct$ me 9 ! pr9ciples ( ?is int]e/+ /udy1 & taught me to l & to admire x1 by mak+ me read ! memoirs ( ! immortal ,reaumur1 ) :om he _h ! hon\r to correspond4 ,be+ a nice obs]v]1 he _h prep>$1 s e>ly z #agdf1 a "w 9 two volumes1 entitl$ ,a ,new & ,economical ,me?od = ! ,pres]vation & ,increase ( ,bees1 & h[ to procure a m abundant supply ( ,honey & ,wax4 ,b :5 8 "w 0 ready = ! press1 he lo/ 9 "o day1 by an un=tunate accid5t1 ! :ole ( 8 hives except "o1 :i* he pres5t$ to me1 & :i* ,i subsequ5tly manag$ "u 8 direction4 ,?r[n f t "t into a succession ( press+ occupations1 he lo/ sight ( ! pr9t+ ( 8 "w1 :i* is n[ 9 my possession1 9 8 own h&writ+4 ,x conta9s ! description ( ! /ori$ hive1 ( :i* he 0 ! inv5tor1 & :i* has s9ce be5 s v>i\sly modifi$4 ,^! hives h be5 made kn[n only ?r\gh 8 correspond5ce ) ,m4 de ,reaumur1 & o!r lit]>y m51 z w appe> f ! note at ! end ( ?is ,preface4 ,9 ! collection ( obs]vations :i* ,i n[ pres5t to ! public1 ,i limit myself to :at is /rictly practical1 leav+ to sup]ior m9ds1 ! ,swamm]dams1 ! ,reaumurs1 ! ,%ira*s1 ! ,hub]s1 to dive into ! !ory ) :i* !y are s successfully engag$4 ,!ory1 h[ev]1 leads to practice2 & ,i h built on ! f\ndation :i* !y h s skilfully laid d[n4 ,i %all make kn[n :at my long exp]i5ce has taught me to consid] ! be/ =m ( hives4 ,to asc]ta9 :i* m]it$ ! pref]5ce1 ,i mix$ all sizes & %apes ( !m 9 my api>y1 not+ d[n _! condition & product1 ?us secur+ a result to :i* no d\bt c\ld atta*2 conv9c$ t x is easi] to multiply hives 9 good seasons ?an to pres]ve !m 9 bad ones1 s9ce1 9 ! fir/ case1 "o has only to leave !m 9 "s measure to !mselves1 :ile 9 ! second !re mu/ be assidu\s c>e & att5tion be/[$ on !m4 ,vex$ at he>+ ( ! great losses t h s g5]ally tak5 place ( late ye>s1 & ( ! s5sible & rapid dim9ution ( ^! preci\s insects1 ,i %all po9t out h[ ,i succe$$ 9 pres]v+ m9e 9 ! wor/ seasons1 especially 9 ^? ( #ahab & #ahac2 & ,i %all lay d[n ! pr9ciples f :i* no "o %\ld sw]ve1 if he wi%es to be con/antly successful4 ,_m p are fond ( bees--inde$ h a passion = !m2 b x is n en\gh to be fond ( !m1--!y mu/ be skilfully tak5 c>e (1 accord+ to c]ta9 rules1 applicable 9 e case1 b m p>ticul>ly 9 bad ye>s4 ,mi/ak5 c>e annoys !m--nigg>dl9ess ru9s !m4 ,9 lay+ d[n rules1 ,i %all always take c>e to assign my reasons = !m4 ,among ! discov]ies :i* ,i _h ! happ9ess to make1 !re is "o ( ! greate/ importance to ! practical api>ian1 ( :i* ,i _h n ev5 ! slighte/ suspicion1 & :i* a/oni%$ me s mu* t ,i c\ld n believe my eyes4 ,x 0 only aft] trials a hundr$ times repeat$ & div]sifi$1 t ,i c\ld fully conv9ce myself4 ,! fact is c]ta91 ! reason is to me unkn[n1 & ,i leave to p]sons m le>n$ ?an myself to give ! explanation4 ,i h read mo/ ( ! treatises t h be5 publi%$ on bees1 & h f\nd errors 9 mo/ ( !m4 ,to avoid !m myself1 ,i %all advance no?+ t ,i h n v]ifi$ by num]\s exp]im5ts1 :i* e "o may repeat4 ,i %all make my n>rative z %ort z possible4 ,i h said t ! /ori$ hives inv5t$ by my late fa!r1 7 kn[n only ?r\gh 8 correspond5ce ) ,m4 de ,reaumur1 & o!r lit]>y m52 ! foll[+ is ! pro(3 ,extract f ! ,corps d',obs]vation ( ! ,society ( ,comm]ce & ,agriculture ( ,great ,brita91 #ageg-eh4 ,pr9t$ at ,r5nes 9 #agfa1 page #afb4 ,monsieur de la ,b\rdonaye1 ,procureur ,g5]al-,syndic1 to :om ! cu/om ( our peasants 7( dr[n+ ! bees1 or suffocat+ !m ) sulphur1 9 ord] to deprive !m ( all ! /ore !y h laid up to ma9ta9 !m dur+ ! w9t]7 has be5 long kn[n1 wrote to ,m4 de ,reaumur1 dur+ ! la/ assembly ( ! /ates1 #agef1 to ask = "s in/ructions on ?is subject4 ,?is academician po9t$ out1 9 8 answ]1 ! me?ods :i* he _h exp\nd$ 9 ! fif? volume des ,memoires p\r s]vir l',hi/oire ,naturelle des ,insectes2 b he recomm5ds1 m p>ticul>ly1 to use ! curi\sly %ap$ hives1 inv5t$ by ,gelieu1 a g5tleman ( ! pr9cipality ( ,neu*atel4 ,reaumur's lett]1 :i*1 at fir/ sight1 seems to conta9 a suffici5t description ( ,gelieu's hive1 does n cle> up c]ta9 difficulties t pres5t$ !mselves 9 ! detail1 :5 we come to attempt _! con/ruction f 8 directions2 & !re=e ,nevel1 memb] ( ! ,committee ( ,r5nes1 resolv$ to reque/ a patt]n hive f ,reaumur himself1 :i* he accord+ly obta9$1 & s5t to ! society4 ,x appe>s t hives ( ?is k9d w\ld supply all t c be desir$ 9 ! managem5t ( bees2 b !y w\ld co/ m ?an "o l\is ea*--a price inf9itely beyond ! rea* ( a lab\r+ man1 & :i* w\ld ev5 be too great = ! ri*4 ,x 0 necess>y1 !re=e1 to ?9k ( pr(it+ by ! inv5tion ( ,gelieu1 9 contriv+ hives s *eap t e peasant might use !m4 ,monsieur de la ,b\rdonaye1 :o paid great att5tion to ?is subject1 k9dly communicat$ to ! ,society bo? ! lett] ( ,reaumur1 & ! plan :i* he himself _h =m$1 ( mak+ hives at a small exp5ce4 ,he began by us+1 on 8 own e/ate1 ^? :i* he recomm5d$ z an exp]im5t to ! ,society4 ,x 0 call$ an exp]im5t1 because1 9 reality1 not)/&+ ! probability ( success att5d+ ! use ( hives l ^? ( :i* he s5t ! model1 8 mode/y made him afraid t exp]i5ce might1 9 "s %ape1 belie 8 hopes4 ,! ,society 0 n long 9 ord]+ hives to be made aft] ! model4 ,!y h made trial ( !m 9 ! diff]5t faub\rgs ( ,r5nes4 ,! ra9y summ] has prev5t$ ^! trials be+ complet$1 b ! comm5cem5t has succe$$ v well4 ,x is p]haps n altoge!r useless to give "h an abridg$ exposition ( ! accid5ts t might be prev5t$1 9 *ang+ ! %ape ( ord9>y hives1 & ( ! means t might be employ$ = t purpose4 ,x has be5 already said1 t x is b too common to suffocate or dr[n ! bees1 at ! end ( ! season1 = ! sake ( pr(it+ by ! honey & wax4 ,^? :o manage !m ) m pr(it & intellig5ce1 wat* ! "t :5 ! hives are ne>ly full1 to =ce ! bees up into an empty hive4 ,?is op]ation mu/ be done 9 f9e wea!r1 9 ord] t ! bees may h "t to make a suffici5t provision = ! w9t]4 ,?is practice1 ?\gh ! be/ ( ^? 9 use at pres5t1 causes consid]able loss2 ! brood-comb is tak5 away ) ! wax2 s t ! proprietor loses a sw>m j com+ out1 z well z ! sw>ms t ?is "o might h aft]w>ds produc$4 ,x is ?is loss p>ticul>ly t ,gelieu w\ld prev5t4 ,! hives at pres5t on trial are1 9 %ape1 l a little r\nd t[]1 or holl[ cyl9d]1 compos$ ( f\r equal pieces1 plac$ "o above ano!r4 ,x is a c]ta9 fact1 t ! cells de/9$ = ! reception ( eggs are always situat$ 9 ! l[] "p ( ! hive1 :i* is nev] di/urb$4 ,accord+ to ,gelieu's plan1 x is only ! /orey above ! hive t is tak51 until aft] ! brood-comb has furni%$ a sw>m1 & ! sw>m has tak5 flight4 ,x seems1 !n1 ! int]e/ ( ,r5nes to patronize ,gelieu's hives2 !y gu>d aga9/ ! inconv5i5ces ( ! me?ods n[ 9 use2 & ?is has induc$ ,b\rdonaye to adopt ! means ( mak+ !m ( /raw1 9 place ( wood1 l ^? ( ,gelieu4 ,monsieur de la ,b\rdonaye's hives are a little high] pric$ ?an ^? 9 common use2 b !y give ne>ly a qu>t] m room1 & are1 ( c\rse1 m pr(itable 9 reg>d to price2 !y are 9 ! proportion ( five to eight4 ,we %all soon be able to det]m9e1 ) c]ta9ty1 ! advantages to be d]iv$ f ?is inv5tion4 ,montluc has plac$ "s jo9+s1 su* z ,b\rdonaye has contriv$1 und]nea? 8 own hives1 ^u 8 e/ate ( ,laille4 ,simil> ones1 at diff]5t places 9 ! faub\rgs ( ,r5nes1 w furni% decid$ pro(s ( comp>ison4 ,! pres]vation1 & also ! increase ( bees1 is an object ( su* int]e/ to ,brittany1 t ! peasants _c be too mu* enc\rag$ to turn _! att5tion to x4 ,! ,society is well aw>e t x w be necess>y to publi% g5]al in/ructions on t head1 & t ! greate/ m]it ( su* a "w w be to give only necess>y in/ructions1 & no?+ m4 ,x mu/ be made s simple & s *eap z to be )9 e "o's rea*1 &1 above all1 applicable only to practical use4 ,any ?+ m is only fit = treatises :]e9 ! au?ors are m occupi$ ) ! int]e/s ( _! own self love1 ?an ) ^? ( ! public4 ,b ?\gh mu* has be5 writt5 on ?is subject1 ! ,society is ( op9ion t !re are yet obs]vations & exp]im5ts to be made be=e publi%+ a docum5t by :i* all ! _w might pr(it4 ,on ?is long quotation1 ,i %all m]ely take ! lib]ty ( rem>k+1 t ! only inconv5i5ce ascrib$ to ! /ori$ hives1 inv5t$ & made by my ,fa!r--! only objection made to !m--is1 t !y are too de>1 t !y w co/ m ?an a l\is ea*2 a price inf9itely beyond ! rea* ( a lab\r+ man4 ,! price is high 9 ,brittany1 :]e wood is v de>4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! model :i* my ,fa!r s5t to ,reaumur1 0 made ) a great deal ( nicety1 z a common "o w\ld n h be5 wor? (f]+ to t illu/ri\s academician :o s5t him 9 return a v h&some !rmomet]1 graduat$ by himself4 ,my ,fa!r's hives1 m simply wr\ght1 7 less exp5sive4 ,,! ,,bee ,,pres]v]1 c4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,situation ,,( ,,an ,,api>y4 ,! *oice ( a good situation is ( ! utmo/ consequ5ce4 ,an api>y w n ?rive 9 a bad situation1 h[ev] well x may be c>$ = 9 o!r respects4 #a4 ,! hives mu/1 above all ?+s1 be %elt]$ f ! w9d4 ,x is ! fir/ precept ( ,virgil#a4 ,= t purpose1 ! =ce ( ! w9d mu/ be brok51 ei!r by h\ses or by l(ty trees 9 ! vic9ity4 ,a wall1 h[ev] high1 or a simple h$ge1 is n suffici5t1 because ! bees t fly to ! fields pref] /opp+ 9 places :]e ! air is tranquil1 ne> bu%es1 or along h$ges or dells1 :]e !y f9d a mu* great] abundance ( honey ?an 9 places expos$ to gales ( w9d4 ,!y fatigue !mselves fly+ f fl[] to fl[]1 & /ill m return+ to _! dwell+1 aft] hav+ complet$ _! little lad5+s3 ) a rapid flight !y get ov] a great ext5t ( space1 frequ5tly aga9/ ! w9d2 b1 on approa*+ _! hive1 !y slack5 _! spe$1 & advance1 :eel+ r\nd & r\nd1 to recognize x4 ,a mi/ake1 at ?is "t1 might be fatal1 & co/ !m _! lives2 & if1 at ?is mom5t1 !y enc\nt] a /rong curr5t ( air1 or a :irlw9d1 to repel !m1 !y are aga9 =c$ to :eel r\nd to reconnoitre _! habitation4 ,aft] a h>d /ruggle1 ! mo/ vigor\s arrive2 ! o!rs fall1 )\t p[] to rise aga91 especially :5 ! air is cold1 or ! sky cl\d$4 ,! gr\nd w !n be /rew$ ) dy+ or dead bees1 :i* nev] happ5s :5 ! hives are plac$ 9 %elt]$ situations4 ,footnote #a3 ,pr9cipio s$es apibus /atioque pet5da1 ,quo neque sit v5tis aditus 7nam pabula v5ti ,f]re domum prohib5t74 ,virg4 ,georg4 lib4 iv4 #b;d1 ,! second condition ( a good situation is its proximity to a f\nta92 or1 /ill bett]1 to a little brook1 :]e ! bees may dr9k#b4 ,wat] is absolutely necess>y1 & ent]s z mu* z honey into ! composition ( ! pap ) :i* !y n\ri% ! brood2 & ! poll5 or du/ ( fl[]s1 :i* !y br+ home on _! ?ighs1 is also a v ess5tial +r$i5t 9 ?is pap4 ,! vic9ity ( deep wat]s is v hurtful to bees2 & ,i h sometimes se5 hundr$s ( !m dr[n$ attempt+ to dr9k out ( a ci/]n4 ,footnote #b3 ,at liquidi fontes et /agna vir5tia musco ,ads9t1 et t5uis fugi5s p] gram9a rivus4 ,georg4 l4 iv4 ,if !re is no small /ream or f\nta9 ne> !m1 !y %\ld be suppli$ by tr\ghs1 fill$ ) moss1 & !n wat] p\r$ on x1 until !y are z full z !y c hold4 ,! work+ bees come 9 sw>ms to !m 9 ! spr+1 & qu5* _! ?ir/ )\t risk4 #c;d1 ,x is commonly believ$ t an api>y is n well situat$ unless x /&s 9 ! sun4 ,?is is an error2 bees l ! %ade :5 work+1 & l ! sun only :5 9 ! fields1 :i* !n animates & su/a9s !m4 ,= ?is reason1 :5 p wi% a sw>m to settle1 aft] x has left ! hive1 !y ha/5 to cov] x2 because ! %ade induces !m to re/1 :ile a hot sun annoys !m1 & incl9es !m to take flight aga94 ,:5 we wi% to disp]se a clu/] ( bees (f ! front ( a hive1 we h only to expose x to ! rays ( ! sun 9 ! heat ( ! day4 ,! bees !n retreat "u ! hive1 on ! side1 or beh9d x4 ,!y ?rive well 9 ?ick =e/s1 & delight 9 !m2 because !re !y f9d a uni=m temp]ature & a propiti\s %ade4 ,h[ (t51 dur+ ! dog-days1 h we n se5 ! honey runn+ d[n1 & ! combs melt+1 9 ^? hives expos$ to ! heat ( ! sun4 ,9 "o h\r1 sometimes1 a :ole api>y w be de/roy$4 ,x is also a mi/ake to suppose hives expos$ to ! sun produce ! e>lie/ & /ronge/ sw>ms4 ,i h (t5] ?an once exp]i5c$ ! rev]se4 ,my e>lie/ sw>ms h g5]ally come f ! be/ %ad$ hives1 & :i* only receive ! sun late4 ,i h ev5 lo/ "s 9 su* situations1 because !y took flight soon] ?an we ?\ght ( wat*+ !m4 ,we ne$ nev] fe> to %ade a hive s9ce ,virgil recomm5ds x#c4 ,if ! ro( does n project suffici5tly to protect ! hive f ! sun 9 ! heat ( ! day1 ,i w\ld advise !m to be %ad$ ) deals or pieces ( matt+4 ,footnote #c3 ,palmaque ve/ibulum aut +5s olea/] obumbret4 ,georg4 iv4 #d?1 ,! mo/ fav\rable exposure is t[>ds :]e ! sun is f t5 o'clock till mid-day4 ,!y %\ld nev] be turn$ to ! ea/ or we/1 b1 m especially to ! nor?1 :]e ! cold & tempe/u\s w9ds w\ld greatly injure !m4 #e?1 ,hives %\ld n be plac$ high1 on a fir/ or second floor1 z ,i h sometimes se5 !m1 unless !y be completely %elt]$2 because ! w9d is less p[]ful ne> ! gr\nd ?an 9 elevat$ situations4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,prop] ,,"t ,,to ,,transport ,a ,,sw>m ,,to ,,! ,,situation ,,design$ ,,= ,,x4 ,mo/ p :o h bees all[ _! sw>ms to rema9 till ! ev5+ 9 ! place :]e !y h alight$1 & d n move !m to ! api>y till aft] sunset4 ,?is me?od has _m inconv5i5ces1 :i* h be5 already po9t$ out by a mo/ judici\s & exp]i5c$ au?or4 ,z soon z a sw>m has congregat$ 9 ! new hive1 & seems to be at ease 9 x1 ! mo/ indu/ri\s among ! bees fly (f to ! fields1 b ) a great _m precautions4 ,!y desc5d ! front ( ! hive1 & turn to e side1 to exam9e x ?or\ghly2 !n take flight1 & make "s circles 9 ! air1 9 ord] to reconnoitre _! new abode3 !y d ! same 9 return+4 ,if ! sw>m has tak5 flight 9 ! morn+1 ! same bees make sev]al excursions dur+ ! day1 & ea* "t ) less precaution1 z1 becom+ famili>iz$ ) _! dwell+1 !y are less afraid ( mi/ak+ x2 & ?us1 next morn+1 suppos+ !mselves 9 ! same place1 !y take w+ )\t hav+ obs]v$ :]e !y h sp5t ! night1 & surpris$1 at _! return1 n to f9d ! hive 9 ! same place1 !y fly ab\t all day 9 se>* ( x1 until !y p]i% ) fatigue & despair4 ,?us1 _m hundr$s ( ! mo/ indu/ri\s lab\r]s are lo/1 & ?is may be entirely avoid$1 if ! sw>m be remov$ z soon z ! bees are p]ceiv$ com+ out1 ) ! precautions ,i h m5tion$4 ,?is sign alone is suffici5t4 ,sometimes ,i d n ev5 wait until all ! bees clu/]$ 9 front1 or on ! sides ( ! hive1 are re-unit$ to _! companions 9 ! int]ior1 z !y are nev] long 9 be+ s2 & ?is plan has always fully succe$$ ) me4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,situation ,,( ,,! ,,hives ,,ought ,,nev] ,,to ,,be ,,*ang$4 ,i h se5 p %ift ab\t _! hives v inconsid]ately1 b *ange ( place inv>iably weak5s !m1 z ! bees w return to _! old resid5ce1 ! environs ( :i* are s famili> to !m4 ,a hive %\ld rema9 z fix$ to ! spot z ! anci5t oaks1 9 ! holl[s ( :i* !y delight to e/abli% !mselves1--:]e !y h _! "y1 _! companions1 _! belov$ que51 & all _! treasures4 ,:5 ! "y bees take w+ = ! fir/ "t1 !y d x ) great precaution1 turn+ r\nd & r\nd1 & flutt]+ ab\t ! entrance1 to exam9e ! hive well be=e tak+ flight4 ,!y d ! same 9 return+1 s t !y may be easily di/+ui%$1 conduct+ !mselves ne>ly aft] ! same maim] z ! work]s ( a newly hiv$ sw>m4 ,:5 !y h made a few hundr$ excursions1 !y set (f )\t exam9+ ! locality1 &1 return+ 9 full flight1 w "k _! own hive 9 ! mid/ ( a hundr$ o!rs4 ,b if y *ange its place y p]plex !m1 mu* ! same z y w\ld be if1 dur+ a %ort abs5ce1 "s "o lift$ y\r h\se & plac$ x a mile (f4 ,! poor bees return load$1 &1 seek+ 9 va9 = _! habitation1 ei!r fall d[n & p]i% ) fatigue1 or ?r[ !mselves into ! neighb\r+ hives1 :]e !y are spe$ily put to dea?4 ,! foll[+ fact proves h[ mu* ^! preci\s insects are atta*$ to place1 & h[ f> !y reta9 ! recollection ( x4 ,dur+ my resid5ce at ,ligni]es1 :]e ,i pass$ tw5ty-sev5 ye>s1 ,i remov$ all my hives into ! h\se t[>ds ! middle ( ,novemb]1 to gu>d !m f ! drift$ sn[1 9 :i* my api>y w\ld sometimes be buri$1 & ,i replac$ !m aga9 "s f9e day 9 ,m>*4 ,hav+ hives ( wood & /raw1 ( diff]5t sizes & %apes1 ,i arrang$ !m ) m ord] & symmetry1 &1 ) ?is view1 ,i plac$ ! fir/ on ! opposite side ( ! api>y to :]e x =m]ly /ood4 ,al?\gh x _h be5 %ut up ne>ly f\r mon?s1 ! bees return$ to ! same place !y _h occupi$ ! ye> be=e1 :i* oblig$ me to return my hive ) all spe$1 & l$ me to conclude t !y %\ld n be mov$ ab\t1 & t ! bees w n be pliable to our fancies & caprices4 ,:5 hives are transport$ to a consid]able di/ance1 !re is no fe> t ! bees w return4 ,b ?is inconv5i5ce w\ld be sure to take place1 & _m ( ! work+ bees w\ld p]i%1 if !y 7 remov$ only a few hundr$ paces f ! spot !y h be5 accu/om$ to4 ,! hive may n p]i%1 b x w be greatly weak5$4 ,9 my op9ion1 if ! situation is to be *ang$ at all1 !y %\ld be remov$ at lea/ a mile & a half4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,mo/ ,,conv5i5t ,,%ape ,,( ,,hives4 ,"o ( ! *ief objects ( my rese>*es has be51 to asc]ta9 :at %ape ( hive is ! mo/ pr(itable2 &1 ) ?is view1 ,i h tri$ all ! diff]5t k9ds 9 my api>y1 & ,i h inv>iably rem>k$1 t bees ?rive bett] 9 l[ hives ?an 9 high ones2 t1 9 g5]al1 ^? :i* are broad & flat1 or ext5d$ horizontally1 amass m honey1 ?rive bett]1 & give out /rong] & e>li] sw>ms1 ?an ^? :i* are high1 & ( sev]al /ories1 & = ! foll[+ reasons4 ,a hive ?rives only 9 proportion to ! success or p]fection ( its brood-comb4 ,if ! spr+ eggs come out well1 ! hive w /ock1 give out sw>ms at ! prop] "t1 & collect a great deal ( honey1 because ! /r5g? ( its population w enable x to take advantage ( f9e days2 :ile a weak hive w only give out late sw>ms2 &1 hav+ few lab\r]s1 w ga!r v little honey4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ( great importance to assi/ ! hive z mu* z possible1 9 ! spr+ especially1 :5 x is ( itself too weak to keep up ! necess>y degree ( heat = ! hat*+ ( ! brood2 & also1 t 9 our climate !re are frequ5tly /orms ( fro/ & sn[ at t season1 :i* are v prejudicial to x4 ,if at t "t ! bees are lodg$ 9 high & roomy hives1 !y w cr[d toge!r 9 va9 to procure ! necess>y degree ( heat to vivify ! brood-comb1 :i* is always deposit$ 9 ! middle ( ! hive1 & ! heat asc5d+ is dissipat$ & lo/ 9 ! empty space above4 ,i h se5 :ole combs full ( eggs d no good1 9 consequ5ce ( ! want ( heat4 ,?is nev] happ5s 9 ! l[1 flat hives1 :]e ! heat is m easily conc5trat$2 "h1 z ! "y bees come to life1 ! heat augm5ts1 & !y assi/ 9 tak+ c>e ( ! o!rs t are advanc+1 & beg9 to spread out on all sides1 & entirely to fill ! hive3 ! republic prosp]s1 & increas+ numb]s are di/+ui%$4 ,x is1 p]haps1 = ?is reason t bees ?rive well 9 conical or sug>-loaf %ap$ hives1 :i* are common 9 "s c\ntries3 b !y h ?is disadvantage1 t capes _c be s easily fitt$ to !m1 :i* facilitate ! collect+ ( ! f9e/ honey1 & ( :i* ,i %all treat pres5tly4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,hives ,,( ,,/raw ,,& ,,wood4 ,x is commonly suppos$ t bees ?rive be/ 9 /raw hives1 because ! /raw absorbs ! moi/ure1 & ! combs are less liable to m\ld4 ,= my "p1 ,i c p]ceive no diff]5ce4 ,! bees are c>eful en\gh to v>ni% ov] ! int]ior ( ! /raw hives ) a coat+ ( wax1 or r propolis1 to prev5t ! settlem5t ( ! mo?s2 &1 9 ! old hives1 ?is v>ni% is s ?ick t no moi/ure c p5etrate betwe5 ! cords ( ! /raw4 ,wood5 hives w also absorb moi/ure1 to a c]ta9 ext5t2 & exp]i5ce has %ewn me1 t x is a matt] ( indiff]5ce :i* are employ$1 except z to ! price1 accord+ z ei!r mat]ial may be m or less abundant 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,?ickness ,,or ,,solidity ,,( ,,hives4 ,:atev] may be ! =m or mat]ial ( :i* hives are made1 ,i /rongly recomm5d n to be sp>+ ( x1 b to make !m sub/antial4 ,i w\ld recomm5d t ! bo>ds ( ! wood5 ones be an in* & a half ?ick2 & t ! /raw-ropes ( :i* ! o!rs are compos$1 be well twi/$1 & m ?an an in* 9 diamet]4 ,su* hives w be heavi] & m unwieldy ?an ?9 hives1 b !y af=d a bett] protection f ! sun 9 summ]1 & ! fro/ 9 w9t]4 ,! heat ( ! sun is apt to melt ! combs 9 summ]3 9 w9t] ! cold sometimes c&ies1 & r5d]s !m useless2 &1 9 ! spr+1 ! ?9 hives nei!r reta9 ! heat necess>y = hat*+ ! eggs1 nor = pres]v+ ! honey 9 a liquid /ate4 ,"o may easily be conv9c$ ( ?is1 by lay+ "s folds ( l95 on ! top ( ! hive1 & !n pass+ ! h& betwe5 !m1 & !re w be a degree ( w>m? felt1 :i* nev] happ5s :]e ! hives are ?ick en\gh4 ,!y may be a little m co/ly1 b ! exp5ce is m ?an comp5sat$ by ! prosp]ity ( ! bees4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,size ,,( ,,! ,,ap]ture ,,or ,,entrance ,,( ,,hives4 ,x is ( great importance to wid5 or contract ! entrance1 accord+ to ! season1 or to ! /r5g? ( ! sw>ms2 & = ?is purpose x is only necess>y to h a few little w$ges1 or bits ( wood1 t may be tak5 out or put 9 at pleasure4 ,hives are weak 9 spr+1 because ! bees are engag$ 9 ! int]ior1 keep+ w>m1 & tak+ c>e ( ! "y1 & ! gu>d at ! door is n /rong en\gh to prev5t invad]s4 ,contract ! door1 !re=e1 & f\r bees w def5d x bett] ?an ?irty w\ld d1 if x 7 m spaci\s1 & enl>ge x aga9 by degrees1 accord+ to ! increase ( ! population4 ,! work+ bees mu/ h room en\gh to g out & 9 )\t h9drance2 :5 !y beg9 to cr[d toge!r 9 gr\ps at ! entrance1 x is a sign ( ! int]ior be+ fill$1 & !y %\ld !n h free access1 z !y w be /rong en\gh to resi/ pillage4 ,:5 ! clu/] becomes v l>ge1 :i* x w d z ! drones increase1 enl>ge ! entrance z mu* z possible4 ,x is ev5 advisable sometimes to op5 ! hive a little at ! top1 9 ord] to mod]ate1 by a curr5t ( air1 ! excessive heat t =ces ! bees to ! outside2 & ?is is ! only case 9 :i* !re is any advantage 9 l(ty hives4 ,aft] ! de/ruction ( ! drones1 ! population dim9i%es1 & ! bees no long] clu/] outside1 & !n is ! "t to beg91 by degrees1 to contract ! entrance1 9 ord] to prev5t plund]4 ,= ?is purpose1 ,i use little wood5 w$ges fir/1 because !y co/ no?+1 z any body may make !m ) a knife & a bit ( /ick2 &1 secondly1 because !y help to protect !m f ! mo?s1 :i* make sad havoc :5 once !y ga9 access to a hive4 ,!y deposit _! eggs 9 ! int]/ices betwe5 ! w$ges & ! hives1 & !y are hat*$ by ! heat$ vap\r t is expell$ by ! con/ant vibration ( ! w+s ( ! bees4 ,9 ! f9e wea!r ( ,april or ,may1 ,i inspect my hives twice or ?ree times a-week1 be=e ! bees g out 9 ! morn+1 take out ! w$ges1 & scrape & clean !m ) my knife2 &1 9 ?is way1 ,i protect !m f ! mo?s4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,to ,,asc]ta9 ,,! ,,weight ,,( ,,hives4 ,_m api>ies d n prosp]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! ignorance ( ^? :o h ! c>e ( !m4 ,h[ _m p foll[ bl9dly ! way !y h be5 us$ to1 )\t kn[+ :]e=e2 o!rs g on by *ance1 )\t rule or guide4 ,at "o "t !y ru9 _! hives1 by depriv+ !m ( too mu* ( _! honey2 at ano!r1 !y suff] :ole colonies to die ( hung]1 :5 !y might save !m by giv+ !m food2 &1 9 autumn1 !y suffocate ^? t appe> to be de/itute ( provisions1 because !y "k n h[ or 9 :at mann] to pres]ve !m4 ,few amateurs und]/& ?or\ghly ! /ate & wants ( _! hives1 & g5]ally e/imate !m by lift+ !m up to feel _! weight2 &1 z ?is may be ! cause ( num]\s mi/akes1 "s be+ ?ree or f\r times heavi] ?an o!rs1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance to "k ! exact weight ( ea* hive1 :5 empty1 )\t ei!r combs or bees4 ,= ?is purpose1 ,i expressly recomm5d1 t ea* hive be weigh$ be=e putt+ a sw>m into x1 & ! weight not$ d[n 9 a memor&um book1 z well z on a ticket nail$ on ! hive1 ! use ( :i* we %all soon see4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,quantity ,,( ,,honey ,,necess>y ,,to ,,ma9ta9 ,a ,,hive4 ,! quantity v>ies accord+ to ! climate4 ,9 s\!rn c\ntries1 :]e !re is sc>cely any w9t]1 ! bees ga!r food till t[>ds ! end ( autumn1 & ! fl[]s (f] !m pa/ure aga9 v e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,9 ^! c\ntries1 !re=e1 !y require a small] w9t] /ore ?an 9 cold] climates4 ,! directions ,i am ab\t to give1 are only applicable to ,switz]l&1 or to ^? c\ntries :i* ne>ly resemble x 9 po9t ( temp]ature4 ,e hive ought to h at lea/ ?ree pots ( honey to n\ri% x dur+ ! w9t]2 &1 z ! pot ( honey1 ,neu*atel measure1 weighs r m ?an five p\nds1 ( sev5te5 ounces to ! p\nd1 !re %\ld be fully fifte5 p\nds ( honey all[$ to ea* hive4 ,:e!r ! sw>m be /rong or weak1 l>ge or small1 is ( no consequ5ce1 z ! smalle/ sw>m w consume z mu* z a l>ge "o4 ,if !y h less ?an t all[ance1 !y may l+] ?r\gh ! w9t]1 b w be sure to die if ! spr+ happ5s to be a late "o1 & ! wea!r cold & ra9y4 ,if a hive is expect$ to sw>m1 x %\ld be all[$ a qu>t] m 9 ! autumn1 t is1 tw5ty p\nds ( honey3 or x may be suppli$ aft] ano!r mann]1 :i* ,i %all po9t out4 ,b let !re be no higgl+ ) bees2 bett] t !y h too mu* ?an too little3 m prud5t ?an man1 !y nev] wa/e or abuse _! sup]fluity4 ,9 e/imat+ ! quantity ( provisions t a hive conta9s1 its age %\ld be consid]$2 & x is to be tak5 into acc\nt1 t ! black combs ( old hives weigh t5 times m ?an ! :ite combs ( a "y "o4 ,x becomes1 !re=e1 a matt] ( importance to "k ! weight ( ! empty hive1 )\t :i* ! quantity ( provision _c be e/imat$1 & to weigh x aga9 at ! end ( ! honey season4 ,:5 a sw>m ( ! pres5t ye>1 at ! end ( autumn1 weighs fifte5 or sixte5 p\nds m ?an its orig9al weight1 ,i take no?+ f x1 & ,i give x no?+1 be+ c]ta9 t x c ma9ta9 itself1 if n plund]$4 ,if x has tw5ty-five1 or ev5 ?irty p\nds1 nei!r d ,i t\* x1 z x w prosp] s mu* ! bett] next ye>4 ,z to old hives1 !y ought1 at ! beg9n+ ( w9t]1 to weigh tw5ty-five p\nds above _! orig9al weight4 ,i will+ly leave !m ?irty or ?irty-six p\nds4 ,! rema9d] ,i consid] my own1 & ( c\rse take x away4 ,"s p w wond] at ! quantity ( provisions :i* ,i leave to my hives2 b x is ! true means1 ,i may say ! true secret1 by :i* to insure sw>ms1 = a />v$ "o nev] produces4 ,to ?is ,i h se5 only "o exception4 ,i lavi%$ honey ^u a hive 9 spr+1 :5 x 0 cr[d$ ) bees1 :i* 7 9 want2 ?is enabl$ x to give out a late sw>m1 b x nev] prosp]$4 ,:at surplus ,i be/[ ^u !m1 ,i consid] z n lo/1 & t1 soon] or lat]1 x w return to me4 ,besides1 ! consumption is prodigi\s dur+ ! great hat*+ 9 ! mon?s ( ,m>*1 ,april1 & ,may4 ,x requires an incr$ible quantity to n\ri% ! "y 9 ! /ate ( l>v or worms4 ,! l>v are involv$ 9 a k9d ( pap1 :i* its nurses lavi% ^u x1 & :i* is *iefly compos$ ( honey4 ,if1 at ?is "t1 !re %\ld happ5 to be :ole weeks ( cold ra9y wea!r1 & high w9ds1 :i* is sometimes ! case at t season1 ! poor bees1 unable to get to ! fields1 w suff] sev]ely if !y h n honey 9 /ore2 ! hat*+ is int]rupt$ till ! return ( f9e wea!r2 & ! population makes no progress3 :ile1 9 well provision$ hives1 x goes on )\t int]mission4 ,bees are v sav+2 b x is to our pr(it4 ,let u n deal grudg+ly ) !m4 ,nev]!less1 x is n advantage\s to leave !m greatly too mu* honey1--excessive sup]-abundance annoys !m4 ,9 pl5tiful seasons1 ,i h se5 middl+ siz$ /raw-hives 9 :i* ! combs 7 fill$ ) honey d[n to ! v bo>ds4 ,?is happ5s especially :5 ! bees h enri*$ !mselves ) plund] 9 ! autumn2 & !re are two inconv5i5ces att5d+ x2 fir/1 ! bees h n room to deposit _! brood1 :i*1 by ! "t ! sw>ms are ready to g (f1 fills ! hive almo/ entirely2 secondly1 ! old honey c&ies1 &1 9 t /ate1 x is ( no use to ! bees4 ,:5 hives are to be r5ew$ by ! cutt+ out ( old combs1 x is ?is k9d t %\ld1 above all1 be tak5 away4 ,x is always to be f\nd 9 old hives2 & if x has be5 left sev]al w9t]s 9 ! hive1 x s\rs & contracts a disagreeable ta/e4 ,! be/ use t c !n be made ( x is to dissolve x ) m or less w9e1 & fe$ ! bees ) x on ! approa* ( ! sw>m+ season2 above all1 :5 ! wea!r is cold & ra9y4 ,_! activity is !n increas$ by x4 ,^! succ\rs w n be f\nd sup]flu\s ev5 :5 ! trees are 9 fl[]4 ,9 f9e wea!r !y f9d honey 9 abundance on !m2 b1 %\ld a few ra9y days int]rupt _! lab\rs1 & ?r[ !m ^u _! own res\rces1 ! progress ( ! hat*+ is /opp$1 & injury is done to all4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,capes ,,or ,,hoods4 ,well made /raw-hives ought to h a hole 9 ! top1 ( ab\t an in* or an in* & a half 9 diamet]1 :i* may be clos$ ) a cork or /opp] ( wood4 ,?is /opp] may be drawn out :5 x is f\nd advisable to put a cape or hood on x1 s z to give ! bees m room to deposit _! honey4 ,^! capes are little /raw-hives capable ( conta9+ five or six p\nds ( honey-comb1 or m1 accord+ to ! size ( ! hive on :i* !y are plac$4 ,!y are made v ?9 & light3 ! cords ( /raw ( :i* !y are =m$ are v small1 be+ n int5d$ to keep 9 ! heat1 b m]ely to s]ve z a tempor>y magaz9e = ! honey4 ,! use ( ^! additions w be easily und]/ood by ^? :o "k t x takes z long a "t to hat* a bee z to hat* a *ick51 viz4 ?ree weeks4 ,i h already said & repeat$1 t1 9 ! sw>m+ season1 ! /rong & well provision$ hives are almo/ entirely fill$ ) ! brood-comb1 & t sc>cely any ( ! cells w be f\nd empty4 ,at t "t also1 honey becomes abundant2 &1 :5 f9e days succe$ ea* o!r1 ! work+ bees amass an a/oni%+ quantity2 b :]e is x to be /or$8 ,mom5ts are preci\s4 ,mu/ !y wait until ! "y bees h left ! brood-cells1 a week or p]haps a =tnight long]1 by :i* "t ! e>ly fl[]s w be cut d[n or )]$1 nev] m to display _! honi$ cups to ^! little reap]s8 ,:at is to be done 9 ?is dilemma8 ,mu/ ! "y be sacrific$1 & torn f ! cells1 9 ord] to make room = ! ri*es t nature (f]s on e h&8 ,b ?is de/ruction ( its po/]ity w\ld ru9 ! colony4 ,m>k1 !n1 ! res\rce ( ! indu/ri\s bees4 ,!y se>* 9 _! neighb\rhood = a place :]e !y may deposit _! honey until ! "y %all h left ! comb 9 :i* !y 7 hat*$1 & n\ri%$1 & und]gone _! metamorphoses2 &1 if !y fail 9 _! object1 !y cr[d toge!r op ! front or sides ( _! habitation1 =m+ prodigi\s clu/]s4 ,x is n uncommon to see !m build combs on ! outside2 _m did s 9 ! ye> #agia1 ! f9e/ honey ye> ,i h se5 s9ce #agec4 ,9 ! ye> #agia1 ,i drew f "o ( my /raw-hives t did n sw>m1 sev5ty-two p\nds ( beautiful honey-comb1 m]ely by empty+ ! capes z !y 7 fill$4 ,all ye>s1 h[ev]1 are n l t1 nor any ?+ approa*+ to x4 ,!re are middl+ seasons1 :5 ! bees f9d little m ?an m]ely :at is requisite = _! own supply4 ,!re are also bad seasons1 :5 almo/ all ! sw>ms p]i%1 z well z numb]less old hives1 :5 !y d n receive assi/ance3 su*1 among o!rs1 7 ! ye>s #ahab & #ahac4 ,9 ! wor/ ye>s !re are days & ev5 weeks ( f9e wea!r1 :5 ! honey is abundant2 b x is ( %ort cont9uance4 ,! bees1 h[ev]1 at t "t1 w deposit _! honey into ! capes2 &1 t[>ds ! end ( summ]1 or beg9n+ ( autumn1 :5 little or no m is to be f\nd1 !y remove x into ! hive1 fill+ ! cells :i* ! brood occupi$ at ! "t x 0 collect$4 ,if1 dur+ ! summ]1 we deprive !m ( ?is treasure1 :i* is only deposit$ 9 ! capes = ! "t1 we impov]i% !m1 unless x is return$ to !m 9 twice ! quantity4 ,?is 0 "o cause ( ! ru9 & depopulation ( s _m api>ies dur+ ^! two fatal ye>s1 & my pr9cipal motive = tak+ up my p5 is1 to prev5t1 if possible1 ! recurr5ce ( su* disa/]s1 by mak+ kn[n to ! public my obs]vations & discov]ies4 ,if ! bees h room en\gh 9 ! int]ior to dispose ( _! honey1 x is ne$less to give !m capes1 = !y w n build 9 !m4 ,^! capes are commonly plac$ on ! top ( ! hive1 b x is matt] ( indiff]5ce :e!r !y be on ! "r1 on ! left1 or ev5 und]nea?1 provid$ !re be an accessible way ( communication betwe5 !m4 ,if we wi% to atta* !m to ! bottom ( ! hive1 we e/abli% a communication betwe5 ! hive & ! cape1 by mak+ a hole 9 ! bo>d on :i* ! hive re/s1 s z to af=d a free passage to ! work]s4 ,i h capes ( all k9ds1 above1 bel[1 & on ! sides1 :i* all succe$ equally well4 ,^? plac$ above h an advantage n to be despis$1 :i* is1 t !y prev5t ! combs f m\ld+ dur+ ! w9t]1 an evil to :i* hives are liable 9 ^? c\ntries :]e !y are tak5 into ! h\se1 to protect !m f ! fro/ & sn[4 ,all ^? t are well /ock$1 produce a moi/ure :i*1 hav+ no v5t1 collects 9 drops on ! sides1 & at ! base ( ! hive1 9 :i* ! bees are kept close prison]s until ! return ( f9e wea!r4 ,_m p]i% dur+ _! long captivity1 &1 (t5] ?an once1 ,i h f\nd l>ge icicles 9 /rong hives4 ,?is nev] happ5s to ^? t h capes on ! top3 ! moi/ure asc5d+ evaporates ?r\gh ! op5+1 z by a *imney2 & !n "o has ! satisfaction ( f9d+ ! combs heal?y & free ( m\ld 9 ! spr+4 ,c>e1 h[ev]1 mu/ be _h to cem5t x all r\nd ) clay or mort>1 or "s composition suit$ to exclude ! w9d1 & to prev5t ! bees1 sometimes v impati5t1 f gett+ out dur+ ! w9t]4 ,) ?is precaution1 v few w be f\nd dead 9 ! spr+2 &1 9 well-/ock$ hives1 ! lay+ ( eggs beg9s ab\t ! end ( ,janu>y or beg9n+ ( ,febru>y4 ,capes may be adapt$ to wood5 hives1 or to ^? ( any o!r mat]ial1 z well z to ^? ( /raw4 ,_m p place capes ov] all _! sw>ms ! v day1 or ! day aft]1 _! emigration1 & ,i approve ( ?is plan = e>ly & /rong sw>ms4 ,capes nei!r prev5t nor ret>d ! issu+ ( sw>ms4 ,i h frequ5tly _h hives t fill$ !m1 or 7 9 ! way ( do+ s1 :5 ! emigration took place1 b on _! numb]s be+ dim9i%$1 /opp$ ! "w1 & return$ to x aga9 z soon z !y 7 re9=c$1 provid$ !y did n give out a second sw>m4 ,hives t h capes r>ely give out second sw>ms1 & ?is is no loss4 ,! honey obta9$ by ! capes is v pure1 beautifully :ite1 & v sup]ior to :at is obta9$ by ! cutt+ out ( combs4 ,x sometimes happ5s1 t ! que5 w asc5d into ! cape to deposit h] eggs1 :5 %e has n room 9 ! int]ior2 !re=e1 %\ld any brood-comb happ5 to be 9 x :5 x is int5d$ to be remov$1 let x be replac$ until su* "t z ! "y are completely hat*$4 ,! brood-comb is easily di/+ui%$3 ! cells t conta9 x h _! cov]s d>k]1 m rais$1 & mu* ?ick]1 ?an ^? t conta9 honey1 ! cov]s ( :i* are :ite1 flat1 & v ?94 ,!re is no fix$ rule = ! "t ( remov+ ! capes2 x mu/ altoge!r dep5d on ! abundance ( ! honey4 ,9 six ye>s1 !re are usually two bad1 two good1 & two middl+ seasons4 ,9 bad seasons !re is no?+ to take away2 on ! contr>y1 "s mu/ be giv51 or1 prop]ly speak+1 be l5t to !m1 = ! indu/ri\s bees always repay ?ree1 f\r1 & five fold int]e/ on ! advances t are made !m4 ,9 good ye>s1 ! capes may be empti$ ?ree or f\r times2 & unless ?is be done ! bees w build _! combs on ! outside4 ,9 middl+ seasons1 /rong & well provision$ hives fill at lea/ "o cape1 :i* may be tak5 )\t remorse1 if !y h n sw>m$4 ,i seldom or nev] take any f ^? t h sw>m$1 because !y are !reby v mu* weak5$4 ,good s5se mu/ "h direct ! proprietor4 ,! only fix$ rule :i* c be laid d[n is1 nev] to take ! capes t are n q fill$1 unless ! hive happ5s to be v l>ge1 z !re is always abundance ( honey :5 ! lab\r]s det]m9e to g to "w 9 ! capes4 ,b bew>e ( tak+ half-fill$ capes f small or middl+ siz$ hives3 re/itution w repair b a small portion ( ! evil ?is w d !m4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,expel ,,! ,,bees ,,f ,,! ,,capes4 ,x is 9 ! heat ( ! day t ! honey %\ld be tak5 f ! capes4 ,a numb] ( bees w always be f\nd 7commission$ no d\bt7 to gu>d ! treasure4 ,v>i\s me?ods are resort$ to1 to expel !m )\t smok+4 ,"s c>ry ! cape to a di/ance f ! api>y1 turn x upside d[n1 re/ x on ! gr\nd1 & cov] x ) a napk91 leav+ on "o side a space ( ab\t a f+]-l5g? uncov]$1 to all[ an exit to ! bees1 :i*1 escap+ by ?is op5+1 return to _! habitation2 &1 to ha/5 _! dep>ture1 "s "o knocks1 f "t to "t1 on ! outside4 ,o!rs take a cape ( ! same size1 place x ov] ! full "o t is turn$ upside d[n1 b9d !m r\nd ) a napk91 to int]cept all passage to ! bees1 & =ce !m to asc5d into ! empty cape by tapp+ g5tly on ! full "o4 ,!y soon g up into ! empty cape1 call+ on ea* o!r1 & flapp+ _! w+s2 &1 :5 !y are all h\s$1 replace !m aga9 on ! p>5t hive :5ce !y 7 )drawn2 &1 if ! season is fav\rable & ! honey abundant1 !y soon set to "w aga94 ,i pref] ?is la/ me?od1 :i* is ! spe$ie/ & easie/4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,size ,,( ,,hives4 ,mo/ amateurs h all _! hives ( an equal size4 ,"s w h only v l>ge ones2 o!rs v small ones2 & o!rs !re are :o pref] ^? ( middl+ dim5sions1 into :i* !y lodge indiff]5tly1 e>ly & late1 weak & /rong1 & ev5 d\ble sw>ms1 t h re-unit$ on leav+ ! p>5t hive2 ?is is n v judici\s4 ,!re %\ld be a roomy lodg+ = fir/ & = /rong sw>ms1 & ev5 m s = d\ble ones2 & !re ought to be small hives to receive feeble & t>dy sw>ms1 z well z = second & ?ird ones at lea/1 if proprietors d n re9=ce !m1 by unit+ !m1 accord+ to my plan4 ,middl+ siz$ hives are conv5i5t = ord9>y sw>ms1 :i* are nei!r ! fir/ nor ! la/ ones4 ,:5 two or ev5 ?ree sw>ms come (f at ! same "t & m+le toge!r1 z sometimes happ5s 9 l>ge api>ies1 ,i take c>e n to sep>ate !m1 b give !m a hive big en\gh to conta9 !m all4 ,"o /rong population supports itself bett]1 & is incomp>ably m pr(itable1 ?an feeble colonies1 t mu/ be (t5 9 ne$ ( assi/ance4 ,b !re is a measure 9 e ?+1 & !re %\ld be no excess2 %\ld f\r or five sw>ms m+le1 x is prop] to sep>ate !m & lodge !m 9 two hives ( suitable dim5sions2 :5 ,i h n done s1 ,i h always1 except once1 _h cause to regret x4 ,be=e sw>m+ "t1 x is z well to prep>e hives ( v>i\s sizes1 j z "o w\ld h casks ready 9 a cell> be=e ! v9tage1 to be ready = use4 ,"h exp]i5ce is 9 h>mony ) reason4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,mann] ,,( ,,unit+ ,,new ,,sw>ms4 ,feeble & t>dy sw>ms c d no good except+ 9 v f9e seasons4 ,9 bad seasons !y greatly weak5 ! hives t produce !m1 )\t be+ able to %ift = !mselves4 ,9 ord9>y ye>s1 !y c only be pres]v$ by mu* c>e1 & at ! exp5ce ( a great deal ( honey2 & mo/ ( !m die1 aft] all1 )\t br++ any pr(it to _! ma/]4 ,i h sav$ "s t h turn$ out well1 b only at ! end ( two or ev5 ?ree ye>s2 & ,i advise no "o to try ! exp]im5t unless !y h a great deal ( honey to sp>e4 ,x is bett] to unite !m1 & proce$ aft] ! foll[+ me?od3-- ,:5 two small sw>ms come (f ! same day1 ,i ga!r !m sep>ately1 & leave !m at ! foot ( ! tree or hu% on :i* !y h alight$4 ,t[>ds ev5+ ,i spread a table-clo? on ! gr\nd1 on :i*1 by a sm>t & sudd5 movem5t1 ,i %ake all ! bees out ( "o ( ! hives1 & imm$iately take ! o!r & place x g5tly ov] ! bees t are heap$ toge!r on ! clo?1 & !y in/antly asc5d into x1 flapp+ _! w+s1 & jo9 ^? :i*1 n hav+ be5 di/urb$1 are quiet 9 _! new abode4 ,e>ly next morn+ ,i remove ?is newly unit$ hive to ! place x is de/9$ to occupy4 ,?is d\bl$ population works ) d\ble success1 & 9 ! mo/ p]fect h>mony2 & g5]ally becomes a p[]ful colony1 f :i* a great pr(it is d]iv$4 ,two feeble sw>ms may be unit$ aft] ! same mann]1 al?\gh "o ( !m may h come (f "s days lat] ?an ! o!r1 & ! fir/ may h con/ruct$ combs2 tak+ c>e1 h[ev]1 n to make ! fir/ "o ent] ! second1 b ! second ! fir/1 z ! bees w asc5d m readily to jo9 ^? t h already begun to make honey & to hat* brood2 & next day !y w proce$ toge!r1 ) increas$ ard\r1 ) ! "w :i* ! fir/ _h already begun1 & :i* w n[ advance m rapidly f ! increase ( ! lab\r]s4 ,x is to be und]/ood1 t1 aft] ?is union1 ! hive %\ld be plac$ e>ly next morn+ 9 ! same place :]e ! olde/ ( ! sw>ms has already pass$ "s days4 ,i h recomm5d$ ! unit+ ( sw>ms to be effect$ 9 ! ev5+1 :5 ! bees are quietly h\s$ = ! night4 ,if x 7 to be dur+ ! day1 :5 ! lab\r]s are 9 full activity1 !y might fight & kill "o ano!r1 to ! total de/ruction ( "o ( ! sw>ms1 :i* ,i h se5 happ5 m ?an once4 ,b 9 ! ev5+ !y are gr\p$ toge!r2 ^? t h be5 displac$ alight ^u1 & take hold (1 ! o!rs1 & ?us m]ely ext5d ! clu/]1 n[ compos$ ( two di/9ct masses1 ! "o cov]+ ! o!r3 _! peace is nev] di/urb$1 & next day !y "w toge!r 9 p]fect h>mony4 ,_! fight+ is always aft] ! fa%ion ( a duel1 & n ( a battle4 ,9 _! w>s1 !y d n range !mselves 9 close battle l9es1 l m51 break+ ?r\gh & ov]turn+ ea* o!r2 !y fight bee to bee1 except+ 9 cases ( plund] or ! kill+ ( ! drones1 & !n ! combatant :o fir/ engages 9 ! attack is spe$ily assi/$ by all ^? )9 rea* unit+ _! =ces to ov]?r[ ! enemy4 ,b :5 ! :ole ( a new sw>m1 sudd5ly displac$1 asc5ds precipitately into a hive1 peaceably occupi$ by ano!r1 ! bees ( ea* colony _c recognize ea* o!r1 & hav+ no field to fight aft] _! own fa%ion1 !y pass ! night toge!r1 &1 d\btless1 acquir+ ! same smell1 live happily toge!r4 ,b su* is n ! case :5 we wi% to make a sw>m ent] an old hive1 or to unite x to "o ^: hive is already full ( honey-combs4 ,!n ano!r way ( proce$+1 & precautions ( ano!r k9d1 are necess>y1 conc]n+ :i* ,i %all n[ give directions4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,unit+ ,,two ,,or ,,?ree ,,sw>ms ,,9 ,,autumn4 ,:5 ! sw>ms h n be5 able to lay up a suffici5t provision dur+ ! f9e wea!r1 ,i weigh !m at ! end ( ! season1 &1 kn[+ ! weight ( ea* empty hive1 ,i c tell exactly ! quantity ( honey !y h 9 /ore4 ,if !y are ?ree1 f\r1 five or six p\nds too light1 ,i pres]ve !m1 & fe$ !m 9 ! mann] ,i am ab\t to detail4 ,:5 ! sw>ms h only ab\t "o-?ird or "o-half ( ! quantity ( honey :i* w\ld suffice to fe$ !m1 ,i might keep !m alive by giv+ !m z mu* m z !y require4 ,i h frequ5tly done s2 b ,i h already rem>k$1 t ?is plan co/s too mu* honey1 & gives too mu* tr\ble2 & !re=e ,i g5]ally jo9 !m into "o4 ,= ?is purpose1 ,i leave ! heavie/ sw>m unt\*$1 &1 9 ! morn+ ( a f9e day 9 ,septemb]1 or beg9n+ ( ,octob]1 ,i comm5ce by bl[+ a few :iffs ( tobacco-smoke ) my pipe 9 at ! door ( ! hive ( ! lighte/ sw>m1 to disp]se ! s5t9els2 !n1 turn+ up ! hive1 & plac+ x on its top on ! gr\nd1 ,i give x a little m smoke1 to prev5t ! bees f becom+ irritat$1 & to =ce !m to retire )9 ! combs4 ,i proce$ to cut out all ! combs 9 succession1 beg9n+ ) ! smalle/1 sweep+ ! bees ) a fea!r (f ea* piece back into ! hive2 & !n ,i place ! combs1 "o aft] ano!r1 into a l>ge di% beside me1 keep+ x1 at ! same "t1 c>efully cov]$ ov] ) a napk9 or small table-clo?1 to prev5t ! bees return+ to _! combs1 or ! smell ( ! honey attract+ o!rs t may be fly+ ab\t4 ,! la/ comb is ! mo/ difficult to come at1 be+ completely cov]$ ov] ) bees4 ,i deta* x1 h[ev]1 9 ! same way z ! o!rs1 b ) great] precaution1 sweep+ ! bees (f v g5tly ) ! fea!r until !re is n "o left on x4 ,?is op]ation ,i p]=m )\t gloves or any o!r protection1 arm$ only ) my pipe2 &1 = t5 times t ,i treat !m aft] ?is fa%ion1 ,i seldom receive "o /+1 ev5 :5 ,i act unassi/$4 ,! combs be+ all remov$1 ! sw>m rema9s z completely de/itute ( food z x 0 on ! day ( its emigration1 & ,i replace x on its bo>d 9 ! same spot x occupi$ :5 full1 & leave x till ! ev5+1 by :i* "t ! bees w be clu/]$ toge!r l a new sw>m4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! day1 :i* ,i %all suppose to be f9e1 !y occupy !mselves ) great e>ne/ness clean+ _! h\se1 & mak+ su* a noise 9 remov+ ! little fragm5ts ( wax t h fall5 on ! bo>d1 t any "o :o did n "k x _h be5 empti$1 w\ld take x = ! be/ & /ronge/ ( ! hives4 ,be=e night1 :5 !y are all quiet1 ,i ?r[ a few :iffs ( smoke 9 at ! door ( ! hive :i* ,i mean my depriv$ sw>m to ent]1 & :i* %\ld be its next neighb\r1 on ! "r h& or ! left2 !n1 turn+ x up & re/+ x on ! gr\nd1 ,i spr9kle x all ov] ) honey1 especially betwe5 ! combs :]e ,i p]ceive ! greate/ numb] ( bees3 five or six table-spoonfuls g5]ally suffice2 at o!r times ?ree or f\r times z _m are requir$4 ,if too little 7 giv51 ! new com]s might n be well receiv$2 !re might be "s fight+2 &1 by giv+ too mu*1 we run ! risk ( dr[n+ !m4 ,"o %\ld cease ! spr9kl+ :5 ! bees beg9 to climb up above ! combs1 & %elt] !mselves on ! sides ( ! hive3 ?is done1 ,i replace ! hive on its bo>d1 :i* %\ld jut out ab\t sev5 or eight in*es1 rais+ ! hive up 9 front ) two little bits ( /ick1 s z to leave a division ( an in* 9 front betwe5 x & ! bo>d1 to give free access to ! bees4 ,i also spread a table-clo? on ! gr\nd be=e x1 rais+ & fix+ "o end ( x on ! bo>d1 by means ( ! two bits ( /icks t are plac$ z a tempor>y support to ! hive4 ,i !n take ! hive t 0 depriv$ ( its combs 9 ! morn+1 &1 ) "o %ake1 ?r[ ! bees out ( x ^u ! table-clo?1 :i* !y in/antly beg9 to asc5d2 :ile1 by ! help ( a long wood5 spoon1 ,i guide !m to ! door ( ! "o t is plac$ = _! reception4 ,a few spoonfuls ( ! bees rais$ & laid d[n at ! door ( ! hive1 w set ! example1--!y ent] at once1 & ! o!rs foll[ quickly1 flapp+ _! w+s & sipp+ ) delight ! drops ( honey t come 9 _! way1 or (fici\sly lick+ & clean+ ^? fir/ inhabitants t h receiv$ ! spr9kl+1 & ) :om !y m+le & live h5ce=? on good t]ms4 ,"o division ( ! new com]s always clu/]s on ! front ( ! hive1 :i* !y ent] dur+ ! night )\t di/urbance1 mu* pleas$ to rejo9 _! companions4 ,next morn+ e>ly x is necess>y to take away ! table-clo? & ! bits ( /ick t 7 plac$ to raise up ! hive & facilitate ! entrance ( ! bees1 & = "s days ! door %\ld be left z wide z possible4 ,! hive %\ld also be mov$ a little to ! "r or left1 t x may /& precisely 9 ! c5tre ( ! place !y bo? occupi$ be=e ! union4 ,i h frequ5tly unit$ ?ree sw>ms 9 ! same mann]1 & ) ! same success1 tak+ c>e only to empty 9 ! morn+ ^? on ea* side1 & to make ! bees ent] ! middle "o 9 ! ev5+1 aft] x has be5 spr9kl$ ) honey4 ,9 ?is case ,i d n remove ! "o t unites ! ?ree sw>ms4 ,! reason ( ?is we %all soon see4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,mann] ,,( ,,unit+ ,,old ,,hives ,,9 ,,autumn4 ,:5 old hives are weak5$ by giv+ out too _m sw>ms1 & h n amass$ a suffici5t provision = ! w9t]1 _m proprietors place !m "o above ano!r1 simply mak+ an op5+ 9 ! bo>d1 to s]ve z a communication betwe5 !m1 & clos+ ! entrance to ! upp] "o1 ) a little clay1 = ! purpose ( mak+ ! bees g out & 9 ?r\gh ! l[] "o by ! only op5+ t is left !m4 ,sev]al au?ors advise x2 ,i h done x also1 b %all d s no m1 hav+ f\nd x att5d$ by two s]i\s inconv5i5ces4 ,! fir/ is1 t ! two colonies d n always agree2 inde$ !y fight sometimes to extremity1 & ?us ! "o is de/roy$ & ! o!r is weak5$4 ,! reason is1 t ! bees ( ! upp] hive1 desc5d+ "o by "o1 or only few at a "t1 are exam9$ at leisure by ^? 9 ! l[] "o1 &1 n hav+ ! same signal1 are mi/ak5 = robb]s1 & kill$ )\t m]cy4 ,?is occurr$ to me ! fir/ "t ,i attempt$ to unite !m 9 ?is way2 b x nev] happ5s 9 ! tumultu\s union ( two sw>ms1 :5 ! "o has be5 spr9kl$ & almo/ glu$ ) honey1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* x is n 9 a fit /ate to comm5ce an attack on ^? t are ha/ily displac$4 ,a second inconv5i5ce is1 t1 ev5 suppos+ !re %\ld be no w>f>e1 ! habitation is mu* too l>ge = ^? t are h5ce=? int5d$ to be b "o family4 ,:e!r !y unite 9 ! upp] or ! "u hive1 "o ( !m mu/ be left empty1 into :i* ?ieves c f9d easi] access2 & al?\gh !y %\ld n be plund]$1 !y w\ld suff] f ! cold ( a sev]e w9t]4 ,! population1 inde$1 is d\bl$1 b s is ! size ( ! lodg+1 & 9 t case !re w be no sw>ms4 ,v l>ge hives seldom sw>m1 x requires s mu* m "t to fill !m4 ,my me?od has n ^! disadvantages1 = two families liv+ toge!r 9 ! same hive are w>m]1 & bett] able to resi/ any ho/ile attack4 ,x is to avoid ^! two inconv5i5ces t1 9 autumn1 ,i empty an old hive :i* has n suffici5t provision1 &1 9 ! ev5+ ( ! same day1 ,i introduce ! bees into "o ( its neighb\rs on ! "r h& or on ! left1 proce$+ 9 ! same mann] z ) ! sw>ms2 ) ?is s+le diff]5ce1 t ! spr9kl+ ( honey %\ld be m lib]al to ! old hive ?an to ! sw>m4 ,if ! hive ( :i* ,i h d\bl$ ! population is well en\gh furni%$ ) provision = ! w9t]1 ,i give x no?+4 ,& if !re is n en\gh1 ,i give x be=e w9t] z mu* z x requires1 9 ! mann] h]eaft] to be detail$4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,neighb\r+ ,,hives ,,%\ld ,,be ,,unit$4 ,i ,,h already said1 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 t bees :i* h n sw>m$ volunt>ily return to ! place !y h be5 accu/om$ to1 ev5 aft] hav+ be5 %ut up = mon?s3 ! same ?+ w\ld happ5 if y unit$ sw>ms di/ant f ea* o!r4 ,next day1 or ! day aft]1 y w\ld h ! mortification to see ! bees return by hundr$s to _! old resid5ce1 flutt] ab\t = a l5g? ( "t1 & lose _! lives1 ei!r by fall+ d[n f fatigue1 or ?r[+ !mselves into ! neighb\r+ hives1 :]e !y are put to dea?4 ,n hav+ left _! new dwell+ ) ! same precaution t a sw>m uses to reconnoitre ! "o x has *os51 or t has be5 giv5 to x1 &1 suppos+ !mselves at home1 9 spite ( ! disord] ( ! night be=e1 !y ru% out on a rapid flight1 &1 return+ f _! excursion1 g back to ! place ( _! anci5t domicil2 & ?us ! purpose ( =tify+ y\r hives1 & ( pres]v+ !m1 by unit+ !m1 is defeat$4 ,i h frequ5tly tri$ to unite di/ant hives1 & always met ) ?is result4 ,!re is only "o rem$y = ?is t ,i "k (1 b x is an imp]fect "o1 & gives a great deal ( tr\ble4 ,x is1 to put 9 "s combs ( wax into ! hive t has be5 empti$1 & replace x 9 its old situation4 ,! bees return to x 9 great numb]s ! foll[+ day1 & "s days aft]2 at l5g?1 aft] a great deal ( bu/le1 !y settle t[>ds ev5+ on ! combs1 &1 be=e night1 :5 !y are q tranquil1 ,i take ! combs "o aft] ano!r1 &1 ) a fea!r1 sweep (f ! bees1 s z to make !m fall ^u ! bo>d ( ! "o t conta9s _! companions1 & :i* !y n[ ent] ) evid5t m>ks ( joy4 ,?is op]ation may require to be repeat$ = sev5 or eight days1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t e succe$+ day few] w return4 ,?us ! evil may be repair$1 ?\gh incompletely & ) inf9ite tr\ble4 ,x is to avoid ! p]plexity :i* displac+ !m occasions to ^! preci\s insects1 & also ! loss t results to myself1 t ,i move ! unit$ hive a little to "o side1 s t x may occupy ! space t 0 be=e betwe5 !m4 ,z displac+ !m only a few in*es does n confuse !m1 = ! same reason1 :5 ,i jo9 ?ree hives1 z ,i (t5 d1 ,i nev] displace ! middle "o1 b remove ^? ,i h empti$ on ! "r h& & on ! left1 :i* is suffici5t to prev5t mi/akes1 & ! bees1 f9d+ no hive on ei!r side1 ent] ! middle "o )\t hesitation4 ,x is a v ess5tial po9t1 h[ev]1 to jo9 only neighb\r+ hives1 z be+ less tr\blesome & m successful4 ,x w\ld be a good plan to m+le 9 ! api>y /rong & weak hives alt]nately1 & to place small & late sw>ms ne> ea* o!r1 9 ord] to unite two & two1 or ?ree & ?ree1 9 autumn1 if !y h n en\gh ( provision laid up = _! w9t] subsi/5ce4 ,:5 a depriv$ sw>m happ5s n to be ne> ano!r 9 ! same /ate1 !re is no?+ to h9d] x be+ unit$ to any old well provision$ hive t may be ne> x1 z x w ?rive all ! bett] = su* an addition to its population4 ,i h done s (t5] ?an once1 & always ) success4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,fe$ ,,unit$ ,,sw>ms4 ,!re is always honey 9 hives t are empti$ to be unit$4 ,if !re are six p\nds m or less1 ,i lay aside ! combs t are full1 aft] hav+ sep>at$ ^? t are b half fill$1 & ( :i* ! cells are n h]metically seal$ by ! little ?9 *ip ( transp>5t :ite wax :i* inv>iably cov]s ^? cells t are full ( honey4 ,twelve or f\rte5 days aft] ! union1 :5 ! cold =ces ! bees to congregate !mselves 9 _! hives1 ,i give ! hive t conta9s ! d\ble population a few puffs ( tobacco-smoke2 !n1 turn+ x upside d[n1 ,i cut away ! empty combs1 t are always bel[ & on ! sides ( ! hive4 ,:ile p]=m+ ?is op]ation1 x is necess>y to give !m an occasional :iff ( smoke to keep !m quiet4 ,i only take out ! "o-half ( ^? t are half fill$ ) honey1 & cease z soon z ,i f9d ! comb q full4 ,:5 !re is room en\gh to conta9 ! fragm5ts ( honey-comb t ,i mean to put 91 ,i place !m z nicely z ,i c1 )\t break+ or bruis+ !m1 fill+ ! empty space1 )\t leav+ any division b ! little int]vals betwe5 ! combs1 to all[ a free passage to ! bees4 ,?is done1 ,i lay a bo>d ov] x1 &1 ) ! aid ( ano!r p]son1 we return x g5tly to its =m] position1 &1 %ak+ x z little z possible1 replace x 9 its prop] situation4 ,?is op]ation may be done 9 ! morn+ or 9 ! ev5+1 b nev] 9 ! heat ( ! day4 ,i pref] ! ev5+1 9 ord] n to attract ?ieves4 ,! dilig5t bees soon discov] ! *ange t has tak5 place2 & f9d+ bits ( honey-comb heap$ up 9 all directions1 !y set ab\t giv+ !m solidity1 sold]+ !m toge!r be=e ! foll[+ night1 9 su* a mann]1 t all ^! fragm5ts soon =m "o mass1 int]sect$ only by little alleys ( communication4 ,?us x rema9s dur+ ! :ole ( ! w9t]2 &1 9 ! mon? ( ,m>* or ,april1 accord+ to ! temp]ature ( ! wea!r1 ,i take out ?is irregul> mass1 :i* ,i f9d entirely empti$2 ! bees hav+ liv$ ^u x1 & sp>$ ! provisions :i* !y _h /or$ 9 ! middle ( ! hive4 ,i h suppos$ t ! hive ^: population ,i h d\bl$ has also receiv$ ! addition ( six p\nds ( honey-comb1 giv5 9 ! way ,i h j describ$4 ,^! con/itute1 z x 71 ! d[ry ( ! new com]s1 :o are !mselves at ! :ole exp5ce1 z x 0 !y :o con/ruct$ & fill$ ! combs ( :i* ,i took possession4 ,! d\bl$ hive hav+ !n suffici5t food to subsi/ on till spr+1 ,i tr\ble x no m1 c]ta91 f pa/ exp]i5ce1 t ,i %all !n f9d x 9 good condition4 ,e "o ( ^! sw>ms w\ld h p]i%$ f want1 _h !y liv$ sep>ately2 &1 by jo9+1 ,i give !m ! means ( subsi/5ce1 )\t co/+ myself any ?+4 ,if ! suppos$ six p\nds d n suffice to support !m1 ,i l5d !m m2 ,i say l5d1 = ! bees always return ) int]e/ :atev] advances are made to !m4 ,i proce$ exactly aft] ! same mann] :5 ,i unite two old hives t h n be5 able to lay up a suffici5t provision1 rememb]+ always1 z already m5tion$1 t old d>k-col\r$ combs1 be+ mu* heavi] ?an :ite ones1 conta9 also less honey1 & t1 consequ5tly1 x requires a great] numb] ( p\nds to make up a pot ( ?is nect>4 ,! diff]5ce is s great1 t six p\nds ( :ite comb w produce m ?an a pot ( honey1 :]eas ! same quantity c sc>cely be extract$ f eight1 or ev5 t51 p\nds ( black comb4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,quantity ,,( ,,food ,,requisite ,,= ,,unit$ ,,hives4 ,i h said1 9 ,*apt] ,,ix4 t ea* hive mu/ h ?ree pots1 or fifte5 p\nds ( honey1 to su/a9 x dur+ ! w9t]1 & until ! bees c f9d food = !mselves aga9 9 ! spr+4 ,= ?is reason1 ,i h advis$ ! empty hives to be weigh$1 be=e ! sw>m is admitt$ into x1 & aga9 9 ! autumn1 :5 ! honey season is ov]1 9 ord] t we may be assur$ t !re is food en\gh to ma9ta9 !m dur+ ! w9t]4 ,9 d\bl+ ! population1 ,i naturally expect$ t we mu/ also d\ble ! quantity ( food1 = ,i _h always se5 t two or ?ree families1 liv+ toge!r1 us$ m meat ?an ea* w\ld h done s+ly1 h[ev] rigid _! economy4 ,! m m\?s ! m meat1 ?\ght ,i2 &1 9 consequ5ce1 ,i augm5t$ greatly ! am\nt ( provision ! fir/ "t ,i d\bl$ a hive2 b1 to my great a/oni%m5t1 :5 ,i weigh$ x aga9 9 ! spr+1 ,i f\nd t ! unit$ sw>m _h n consum$ m ?an ea* w\ld h done s+ly4 ,i c\ld n believe my eyes1 b ?\ght !re mu/ be "s mi/ake1 nor c\ld ,i be conv9c$1 until ,i _h repeat$ ! exp]im5t a hundr$ times ov]1 & _h always ! same result4 ,i h made a po9t1 9 e in/ance1 to m5tion ! reasons ( my advice & proce$+s2 "h1 h[ev]1 ,i humbly confess my inability to d s1 nor c ,i conceive h[ an army ( ?irty ?\s& troops c\ld be s]v$ ) ! same rations all[$ = an army ( only t5 ?\s&1 suppos+ ! soldi]s ( bo? to h an equal appetite1 & to h ea* :]e) to satisfy x4 ,b ! fact exi/s 9 reg>d to ! bees2 any "o may h x 9 8 p[] to conv9ce himself ( x2 ! cause is to me unkn[n1 & mu/ be left to wis] heads ?an m9e to expla94 ,does ! increase ( heat supply1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! place ( n\ri%m5t8 ,does ! great] & m uni=m heat1 9 a well-/ock$ hive1 make ! food m n\ri%+8 ,^! are que/ions :i* ,i propose to naturali/s1 b :i* ,i _c answ]4 ,aft] ?is discov]y1 z important z x seems to be inexplicable1 ,i v>i$ my exp]im5ts1 n only to conv9ce myself ( ! fact1 b1 if possible1 to arrive at m ext5d$ results4 ,i jo9$ ?ree hives 9 ! autumn1 by introduc+ into ! middle "o1 ! bees ( two neighb\r+ hives2 & ,i f\nd1 on weigh+ x 9 ! spr+1 t its inhabitants _h sc>cely us$ "o p\nd m ?an ^? ( hives t _h n be5 unit$4 ,i w5t f>!r3 ,hav+ a l>ge well-/ock$ & amply provid$ hive1 ,i add$ to x1 9 ! autumn1 )\t displac+ x1 ! sw>ms ( f\r neighb\r+ hives1 two on ! "r h& & two on ! left1 t 7 s sc>ce ( provisions t ! quantity ( honey t w\ld h be5 necess>y to h kept !m alive1 w\ld h f> exce$$ _! value1 & t all ! f\r w\ld1 to a c]ta9ty8 h p]i%$4 ,?is enorm\s population produc$ a heat s great1 t1 dur+ ! :ole ( a v sev]e w9t]1 ! bees kept up a buzz+ noise equal to t ( a /rong & active hive 9 ! ev5+ ( a f9e day 9 spr+4 ,! /eam expell$ by ! vibration ( _! w+s1 collect$ 9 drops at ! door1 & =m$ icicles r\nd ! entrance ( ! hive dur+ sev]e fro/4 ,! hive 0 left out all ! w9t]1 & w\ld infallibly h p]i%$ _h ,i %ut x up2 & :at 0 my a/oni%m5t1 on weigh+ x 9 ! spr+1 to f9d t1 not)/&+ t x conta9$ five p\nds1 ! total dim9ution did n exce$ ?ree p\nds m ?an took place 9 my ord9>y hives4 ,x gave out excell5t sw>ms1 long be=e any ( ! o!rs1 & recomp5s$ me well = my pa9s4 ,i h n repeat$ ! exp]im5t to ! same ext5t1 b h limit$ myself to ! union ( two1 or at mo/ ?ree depriv$ hives1 & h be5 v well paid4 ,:at1 9 ^! circum/ances1 becomes ( ! sup]num]>y que5s1 s9ce _! hatr$ to "o ano!r is s great t !re c be b "o 9 ea* colony8 ,i give myself no tr\ble to answ] ! "q1 m curi\s ?an useful2 ! aim ( my exp]im5ts be+ only to give practical rules4 ,i h (t5 be5 a/oni%$ t s important a discov]y %\ld n h be5 made soon] by "s ( ! sup]ior m9ds t h tak5 an int]e/ 9 ?is bran* ( rural economy2 & t1 9 ! c\rse ( _! rese>*es1 n "o ( !m %\ld h ?\ght ( unit+ two or ?ree weak sw>ms1 be=e w9t]1 to comp>e !m ) s+le sw>ms1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 h[ mu* honey 0 necess>y1 accord+ to bo? plans1 till ! end ( ! w9t] season4 ,d\btless !y _h believ$1 z ,i =m]ly did1 t ! m num]\s ! family ! m provisions w\ld !y require1 & t little w\ld ?us be ga9$ by unit+ !m4 ,i %\ld h regrett$ quitt+ ! _w be=e publi%+ ?is discov]y2 & x _h ne>ly p]i%$ ) me2 =1 cont9u$ & indisp5sable occupations1 z well z a dang]\s illness1 prev5t$ me sett+ ab\t giv+ x to ! public1 till n[ t ,i am f> advanc$ 9 life4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,b5efits ,,result+ ,,f ,,! ,,union ,,( ,,weak ,,hives4 ,! advantages ( unit+ weak hives are v consid]able4 ,i ne$ only m5tion ?ree4 #a4 ,! bees are sav$2 #b4 ,!y are sav$ )\t tr\ble or exp5ce2 #c4 ,all ! hives are /rong4 ,! fir/ ( ^! advantages is ! pres]vation ( ! bees4 ,9 e c\ntry1 sw>ms are de/roy$ t h n be5 able to ga!r a suffici5t /ore ( provision4 ,^? f\nd to be too light are unm]cifully condemn$ to be suffocat$2 & :at little honey !y h collect$1 is consid]$ z pure ga91 because ! bees w\ld h p]i%$ f want1 aft] hav+ consum$ ! scanty fruits ( _! own indu/ry2 &1 by putt+ !m to dea? a little soon]1 some?+ at lea/ may be made ( !m4 ,?us p reason1 & ?us ! murd]\s practice is s g5]ally adopt$4 ,! same plan is foll[$ 9 reg>d to old hives t are exhau/$ by giv+ out too _m sw>ms2 & 9 %ort1 to all ^? t h n abundance ( provision laid up2 & ! v heavy ones1 on ! o!r h&1 h _! bees sla9 to get possession ( ! honey4 ,:at a frightful proscription is ?is6 ,:at blanks occur 9 ! api>ies1 especially 9 bad ye>s1 su* z #ahab & #ahac6 ,& h[ injuri\s to our own int]e/ is ?is indiscrim9ate de/ruction ( weak & heal?y1 ( ri* & poor6 ,!re is no m]cy %ewn b to !m t h j en\gh to keep !m alive2 & n ev5 "o ( !m w\ld be sp>$1 7 !y n indisp5sably necess>y to repeople ! api>ies by new sw>ms4 ,accord+ to my me?od1 all ^! evils are prev5t$4 ,all ! hives may be robb$ ( _! treasures2 b ! lives ( ! bees are sp>$4 ,a second & v consid]able advantage is ! sav+ ( honey4 ,i h already said1 t !re mu/ be at lea/ ?ree pots or fifte5 p\nds ( honey to ma9ta9 "o hive1 :e!r x be /rong or weak4 ,if ?ree sw>ms1 !n1 h only t quantity among !m1 ea* has b a ?ird ( ! provision t x requires2 &1 to keep !m alive1 y mu/ sacrifice six pots ( honey1 t is1 two-?irds ( ! :ole provision1 or two pots = ea*4 ,x is to avoid ?is great exp5ce1 :i* w\ld equal if n exce$ ! value ( ! sw>ms1 t mo/ p h rec\rse to ! prompt measure ( suffocation4 ,b1 by unit+ ! sw>ms1 all ! work+ bees may be sav$1 )\t any exp5ce1 & )\t any wa/e ( honey b ! small quantity employ$ to spr9kle ! combs ( ! hive1 into :i* y make !m ent]4 ,! honey-combs f\nd 9 ^? :i* y empty1 are suffici5t to fe$ ! ?ree unit$ sw>ms1 by giv+ x to !m aft] ! mann] ,i h direct$ at page #cc4 ,! wax is all y\r own4 ,x co/s only a little c>e & a little tr\ble1 :i* w be amply repaid by ! b5efit insur$4 ,& w x be acc\nt$ a slight pleasure to witness ! prosp]ity ( ! bees we h sav$8 ,a ?ird advantage1 :i* appe>s to me "o ( great value1 is1 t all ! hives :i* we possess are /rong hives 7mean+ by ! t]m /rong1 su* hives z are well /ock$ ) bees74 ,weak hives decl9e & yield no?+2 h frequ5t ne$ ( assi/ance2 are expos$ to pillage2 give out no sw>ms2 & produce sc>cely heat suffici5t to hat* a little brood 9 a corn] ( _! dwell+1 :i* nev] comes to good4 ,h[ (t5 h ,i se5 ! brood come to an untimely end4 ,9 va9 ! bees w cr[d toge!r1 to procure ! necess>y degree ( heat1 :5 !re is mu* empty space 9 ! hive4 ,a numb] ( weak hives may d well en\gh to make a %ew 9 ! api>y1 b w be no pr(it to ! proprietor4 ,x co/s a good deal to fe$ !m1 if "o w\ld keep !m alive2 & !re is v little to be ga9$ by putt+ !m to dea?4 ,n s ) ! unit$ hives2 !y 7 all vigor\s2 9 condition to defy ! rig\r ( ! seasons2 to repel _! enemies2 & to ga!r a great quantity ( honey4 ,! population augm5ts rapidly1 & !y give out e>ly sw>ms2 or if "s ( !m d n produce sw>ms1 !y furni% s mu* ! m wax & honey1 & w collect m 9 "o day ?an weak hives w d 9 a :ole week2 9 %ort1 !re is no comp>ison betwe5 !m4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,"t ,,& ,,mann] ,,( ,,r5ew+ ,,old ,,hives4 ,x is a common prejudice1 t hives _c be pr(itably pres]v$ beyond ?ree1 f\r1 or six ye>s at mo/1 & t1 beyond t t]m1 !y become weak1 give out no m sw>ms1 & f9i% by be+ pillag$1 or becom+ ! prey ( mo?s1 :i*1 if suff]$ to e/abli% !mselves1 soon make horrible deva/ation among !m4 ,a great _m exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 h fully conv9c$ me t su* is n ! case1 & t ! duration ( ! hives may be greatly prolong$ by r5ew+ !m4 ,i h sev]al f twelve to tw5ty ye>s old1 t are z prosp]\s1 & sw>m z well1 z ! "y ones4 ,i h ev5 "o ( ,june #aghi1 consequ5tly n[ 9 its tw5ty-fif? ye>1 & x gave (f an excell5t sw>m on ! #d? ( ,june #ahaa1 ! same 9 #ahac1 !n ag$ tw5ty-f\r ye>s1 & aga9 ano!r ?is ye> #ahad4 ,besides ^! num]\s sw>ms1 ,i h tak5 f x #adb p\nds ( honey-comb1 ei!r by prun+1 or by means ( capes4 ,i h nev] unit$ x ) o!r bees1 because its neighb\rs _h always en\gh to subsi/ on1 & ,i h r5ew$ x only once4 ,! decay ( old hives proce$s f ?ree causes4 ,! fir/ is ! c&y+ ( ! old honey1 ( :i* ! bees h sometimes an ample /ore1 b :i*1 f inability to eat x1 becomes 9 t /ate v tr\blesome1 9 place ( be+ ( use to !m4 ,:5 =c$ by hung] to h rec\rse to x1 !y draw x out ( ! cells1 & ?r[ x d[n on ! bo>d t s]ves z a floor to _! habitation1 9 ord] to pr(it by any ( ! sweet drops t happ5 to be 9 a liquid /ate4 ,9 nibbl+ & scrap+ to empty ! cells1 x happ5s t _m ( !m become s daub$1 t1 be+ unable to get away f x1 !y fall d[n1 & soon p]i%1 if ! wea!r is cold4 ,?us ! old honey is lo/ z mu* to ! proprietors z to ! lab\r]s t h ga!r$ x4 ,suppos+1 aga91 t !y d n t\* x1 ! place x occupies is lo/ ei!r = ! purpose ( deposit+ new honey or brood1 & h5ce ! weak /ate ! hives fall into1 if n r5ew$4 ,a second cause ( _! decay is ow+ to ! great quantity ( ! poll5 or du/ ( fl[]s t ! bees ga!r & c>ry home on _! legs1 especially 9 ! spr+ & autumn1 :5 l>ge portions ( ! combs w be f\nd fill$ ) x on bo? sides4 ,x is an ess5tial +r$i5t 9 ! pap ) :i* !y n\ri% ! "y brood1 b good = no?+ else4 ,diff]5t au?ors h nam$ x bee-bread2 b ! bees nev] eat x3 inde$ x is a well atte/$ fact1 t !y w die ( hung] on ! combs t are fill$ ) x4 ,z x is v heavy1 x sometimes *eats ^? p :o e/imate ! provision ( a hive by its weight4 ,?is is "o ( ! reasons :y ,i h recomm5d$1 9 ,*ap4 ,,ix4 to all[ eight or t5 p\nds m to old hives ?an to new sw>ms4 ,! bee-bread be+ g5]ally1 :5 pres5t1 deposit$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! combs1 :]e ! brood ?rives be/1 ( c\rse ! place :i* x takes up is s mu* lo/4 ,x is liable to m\ld 9 w9t]1 & ! work+ bees h a great deal ( tr\ble 9 te>+ x f ! cells1 & putt+ x out ( _! way4 ,x spoils ! honey1 takes away its :it5ess1 & gives x an unpleasant ta/e2 x de/roys ! wax ev5 m1 & =ms t br[n scum "u ! cakes1 :5 great c>e is n tak5 to sep>ate x4 ,nev]!less1 bees lay up useless ho>ds ( x1 :i* !y g on augm5t+ e ye>3 & ?is is ! only po9t on :i* !y c be accus$ ( a want ( t prud5ce & =esight s admirable 9 e o!r respect4 ,by r5ovat+ ! hives1 "o frees !m ( ?is sup]flu\s sub/ance1 & ! space x occupi$ is directly replac$ by beautiful :ite combs1 & ! :ole hive becomes z good z new4 ,a ?ird cause ( ! weakness ( an old hive is ! blackness ( ! combs 9 ! c5tre & front ( ! hive4 ,^! old combs are mo/ly pi]c$ ) holes l>ge en\gh to hold two or ?ree f+]s1 or ev5 a :ole h&4 ,!y are n op5+s :i* ! bees h cut out = !mselves1 to pass f "o comb to ano!r2 b are ! result ( "s viol5t measure to :i* !y h _h rec\rse1 = ! purpose ( def5d+ !mselves f ! mo?s1 "o ( :i*1 e/abli%+ itself 9 a comb1 w soon de/roy ! :ole hive1 if !y d n spe$ily rid !mselves ( x4 ,! "y mo? is n s easily got ! bett] (1 be+ cas$ 9 a sort ( /rong silk1 by means ( :i* x =ms gall]ies1 & slides f side to side ( ! hive2 & ! bees are unable ei!r to get )9 rea* ( ! enemy1 or to r5d ?is silk5 cov]+ t def5ds x2 b1 p]ceiv+ _! dang]1 !y jo9 toge!r 9 =m+ a plan ( attack = _! deliv]ance1 by gnaw+ ! comb 9 :i* ! mo? is e/abli%$1 z f> z ! gall]ies ext5d2 ?r[ d[n ! piece1 & f9i% by r$uc+ x to crumbs1 & nev] re/ until !y kill ! foe4 ,!y require to be 9 great =ce = ?is op]ation4 ,weak hives ne$ n attempt x2 inde$ !y g5]ally f9i% by becom+ ! prey ( ! mo?s4 ,x is s+ul> t bees1 :i* "k s well h[ to build combs1 %\ld n be able to repair !m4 ,i h f\nd z _m z six ( ^! holes 9 "o comb4 ,are !y left /&+ ?us1 l s _m monum5ts ( victories ga9$ ov] a =midable enemy1--! mo/ =midable & ! mo/ difficult to conqu]8 ,all useless combs %\ld be tak5 away1 z !y t5d to weak5 ! hive1 & !y w soon be replac$ by entire & heal?y ones4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,! ,,signs ,,by ,,:i* ,,to ,,asc]ta9 ,,:e!r ,a ,,hive ,,requires ,,to ,,be ,,r5ew$4 ,z long z a hive produces honey & sw>ms1 x is ne$less to t\* x2 b1 :5 x ceases to be productive1--:51 dur+ sev]al mon?s1 ! bees =m clu/]s1 )\t sw>m+1 ,i !n ?9k x necess>y to r5ew1 or1 prop]ly speak+1 to prune x2 ! directions = :i* w be be/ und]/ood by my simply relat+ h[ ,i manag$ my two fir/ exp]im5ts4 ,! fir/ "t ,i p]=m$ ?is op]ation 0 on a pretty l>ge-siz$ /raw-hive1 :i*1 = t5 ye>s1 0 v productive4 ,"o ye> alone1 x yield$ me sev5ty-two p\nds ( v f9e honey-comb 9 ! capes1 m5tion$ 9 ,*apt] ,x4 ,! elev5? & twelf? ye>s x made me no return1 ?\gh x 0 heavy & v popul\s4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? ye>1 ,i gave x a little tobacco-smoke1 ) my pipe1 & proce$$ to prune ! combs away ) my knife1 until ,i came to brood4 ,!re rema9$ only f\r 9 front1 9 :i* ! bees always beg9 to lay _! eggs 9 ! spr+4 ,!y 7 v black1 & conta9$ little honey1 b ,i sav$ !m1 t ! population might n be de/roy$4 ,! honey t ,i took out 0 h>d & c&i$1 b ,i melt$ x ) a little w9e2 &1 fill+ "s bits ( empty combs ) x1 gave !m a "p ( x two or ?ree times a-week1 be+ c>eful to place !m 9 ! hive 9 ! ev5+1 & take !m out aga9 9 ! morn+1 = fe> ( attract+ ?ieves4 ,i ?us f$ ! bees ) _! own /ore2 ! combs 7 always empty 9 ! morn+4 ,by ! mon? ( ,april1 !y began to build 9 ! space ,i _h left4 ,by ! middle ( ,may1 !y _h completely fill$ x ) beautiful :ite combs1 l ^? ( a new sw>m2 & ! same ye>1 on ! #i? ( ,june1 x gave me1 contr>y to my expectation1 an excell5t sw>m4 ,next ye>1 by ! end ( ,m>*1 ,i took away ! f\r black combs t ,i _h left1 & 9 :i* 0 no brood4 ,! brood 0 by ?is "t deposit$ 9 ! middle combs2 ?us my hive 0 completely r5ew$4 ,enc\rag$ by ?is success1 ,i p]=m$ ! same op]ation next spr+1 on a common siz$ hive1 :i*1 dur+ elev5 ye>s1 _h annually yield$ me honey or sw>ms3 "o ye> ,i took f x =ty p\nds ( beautiful honey-comb2 b1 = two ye>s1 x _h be5 languid & unproductive4 ,on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 ,i prun$ away all ! combs1 except+ two 9 front1 conta9+ brood2 & ,i n\ri%$ ! bees1 by giv+ !m a little ( ! liquid honey e ev5+1 ^u a bit ( comb1 until !y c\ld get out to ga!r food = !mselves4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,may1 all ! combs t ,i _h cut out 7 replac$ ) ! mo/ beautiful new ones4 ,?is hive1 :i* 0 weak] ?an ! o!r1 gave out no sw>m ! same ye>1 b x fill$ a cape ) "s p\nds ( honey-comb1 :i* ,i took possession (4 ,! foll[+ ye>1 on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 ,i cut away ! two black combs t 7 left 9 front1 & ?us ?is hive 0 also entirely r5ew$2 aft] :i* x produc$ me f\r sw>ms1 & ne>ly =ty p\nds ( honey-combs 9 ! capes3 ?is ,i consid] a cle> pr(it1 !re n be+ ! smalle/ d\bt t ! hive w\ld h p]i%$1 _h x n be5 r5ew$4 ,^! two examples may suffice to %ew ! advantage to be d]iv$ f ! r5ew+ ( old hives4 ,:at w\ld m9e h yield$ _h ,i resort$ to ! common me?od ( suffocat+ ! bees8 ,a little indiff]5t honey2 = t ( c&i$ combs is v inf]ior to t ( new ones4 ,z to ! wax1 ,i %\ld h _h no m1 s9ce ,i took away all t ! hives conta9$1 & ! ex*ange gave me good /rong colonies1 :i* are m valuable ?an ! be/ sw>ms4 ,! advantage ( my plan w be bett] und]/ood1 if we %all suppose two neighb\r+ api>ies1 equally good1 & 9 all respects equally well tak5 c>e (4 ,suppose "o ( !m %all be manag$ 9 ! ord9>y way1 & t1 e ye>1 ! own]s %all suffocate ! heavie/ sw>ms = ! sake ( ! honey1 & t !y also de/roy ! old hives t h too little provision = ! w9t]4 ,let ! o!r api>y be manag$ accord+ to ! pr9ciples ,i h detail$1 t n "o bee %all be put to dea?1 & t1 9 ! autumn1 ! sw>ms t are too light1 z well z ! old hives t are sc>ce ( food1 %all be unit$1 & t ! latt] %all be r5ew$ :5 !y cease to prosp]4 ,at ! end ( fifte5 ye>s1 comp>e ^! two api>ies1 & see :i* has ! /ronge/ hives1 ! greate/ numb]1 & 9 ! be/ condition4 ,x w\ld be surpris+ inde$1 if !y pres]v$ _! orig9al equality4 ,w ^! op]ations be object$ to1 on acc\nt ( ! difficulties att5d+ ! p]=mance ( !m8 ,w x be said t e "o has n ! c\rage to run ! risk ( be+ /ung1 or ! dext]ity to set ab\t h&l+ ! bees8 ,9 all c\ntries !re are p to be f\nd :o are accu/om$ to ga!r sw>ms1 & to put jo9+s on hives4 ,let !m be employ$1 & direct$ 9 e "p ( ! "w t ! proprietors d n l to p]=m !mselves4 ,?is practice is common 9 ,lusatia1 a c\ntry celebrat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( bees1 by ! v useful discov]ies ( ,m4 ,%ira*1 & :]e !y make annually1 accord+ to 8 pr9ciples1 a great quantity ( artificial sw>ms4 ,! c\ntry p1 ( :om ! great] numb] und]/& no?+ ( ^! complex op]ations1 :i* take m "t1 & are mu* m difficult ?an ! union ( sw>ms1 or ! r5ew+ ( hives1 employ p :o are br$ to ! bus9ess1 & :o1 9 ! prop] season1 g f village to village1 mak+ sw>ms1 & are paid = _! tr\ble4 ,f ! result ( my exp]im5ts1 x is evid5t t ! duration ( hives is indef9ite2 & "h a multitude ( que/ions pres5t !mselves4 ,h[ long does a que5 live8 ,w\ld %e live tw5ty ye>s & m8 ,is ! t]m ( h] exi/5ce prolong$ beyond t ( ! work+ bees8 ,i _c answ]2 b ,i h reason to ?9k t bees live only "o ye>1 & t ^? :i* h liv$ ov] ! w9t]1 & h assi/$ at ! "w dur+ ! spr+ & summ]1 & :i* d n p]i% by accid5t1 die ( age 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/4 ,by t "t1 !y seem to become p>alytic2 &1 unable to fly1 !y fall d[n 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! hives1 & creep ab\t until !y expire f fatigue & exhau/ion4 ,"o !n sees _m ( !m1 ) _! w+s fr+$1 :i* is a sign ( decrepitude1 simil> to ! wr9kles ( an old p]son2 :ile ! "y-bees may be disc]n$ by _! grey a%y col\r1 :i* becomes d>k]1 approa*+ to black1 z !y get old]4 ,i d n believe t ! que5 7on ^: exi/5ce dep5ds t ( ! colony71 lives t51 fifte51 or tw5ty times long] ?an ! work+ bees4 ,b !y h ! means ( fill+ h] place :5 %e comes to die4 ,m4 ,%ira* has completely demon/rat$1 by v v>i$ & multipli$ exp]im5ts1 t !y require only = t purpose a common bee-worm t has be5 hat*$ )9 two or ?ree days1 & t ?is worm becomes a que51 & a fruitful que51 9 less ?an a =tnight1 by means ( a ?ick]1 m roomy1 & diff]5tly =m$ cell1 :i* !y con/ruct expressly = h]1 & by a diff]5t sort ( pap ) :i* %e is n\ri%$4 ,i h repeat$ ! exp]im5t (t5] ?an once4 ,=ty days aft] ,i _h put a bit ( brood-comb into a wir$ box1 aft] ! mann] ( ,m4 ,%ira*1 ,i saw "y bees come out2 & ! "y que5 ,i _h made be hat*$1 0 ! "m ( my artificial sw>m4 ,x is !re=e probable t a hive1 f tw5ty to tw5ty-five ye>s old1 has n always ! same que51 b t ! que5 has1 f "t to "t1 be5 replac$4 ,moreov]1 e "t t a sw>m comes (f1 x is ! old que5 t emigrates ) x4 ,! sudd5 decl9e ( a hive t has lo/ its que51 & :i* nev] long survives ! loss1 :5 x has n "y brood to create ano!r1 proves t bees live b "o ye>1 z ! depopulation w\ld be less rapid if ! lives ( ! individuals ext5d$ beyond t t]m4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,artificial ,,sw>ms ,,& ,,diff]5t ,,me?ods ,,( ,,=m+ ,,!m4 ,"o (t5 sees well-/ock$ hives t d n sw>m1 & :i*1 dur+ ! :ole ( ! summ]1 =m l>ge clu/]s1 until ! cold ( ! autumnal ev5+s =ces ! idl]s to re-ent] _! hives2 & x 7 va9 to di/urb !m1 to smoke !m1 or torm5t !m1 9 ! hope ( =c+ !m to sw>m4 ,"s p h ?\ght !y might atta9 _! object by divid+ !m 9 two2 b !y did n succe$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two ways ( obta9+ artificial sw>ms2 & ! "o :i* ! celebrat$ ,%ira* practis$ successfully 9 ,alsatia1 & :i* 0 foll[$ ) ! same results 9 ! nor? ( ,g]many1 requires a long c\rse ( difficult & complex op]ations4 ,i %all1 h[ev]1 proce$ to give my read]s "s idea ( x4 ,9 spr+1 a little box is prep>$1 ab\t six in*es squ>e1 ) an op5+ 9 ! top1 ab\t ?ree in*es squ>e1 & ano!r ! same size 9 front4 ,ea* ( ^! op5+s is cov]$ ) a wire-grat+1 close en\gh to prev5t any bee gett+ ?r\gh4 ,?is box re/s on a /& provid$ ) twelve wood5 p9s1 f\r or five in*es long1 plac$ p]p5dicul>ly1 9 two r[s1 at ! di/ance ( ?ree in*es f ea* o!r4 ,^! p9s %\ld be s f> sep>ate z t five pieces ( honey-comb1 ea* ab\t z big z a p]son's h&1 may be plac$ betwe5 !m4 ,betwe5 ! f>!/ ( ! p9s1 on ! "r & left h&1 are put ?ree bits ( empty combs1 ! same height z ! p9s3 a piece ( v f9e honey-comb1 n c&i$1 occupies ! f\r? place2 & ! fif?1 :i* is ! c5tre1 rema9s empty4 ,x is to be und]/ood t ! p9s support+ ! combs on bo? sides1 keep !m 9 a p]p5dicul> situation1 & prev5t !m t\*+ ea* o!r1 & t ! spaces left betwe5 ! combs is mu* ab\t ! same z ^? 9 ! hive to all[ free passage to ! bees4 ,nei!r ! honey-comb nor ! empty combs ought to t\* ! bo>d1 9 case ( ! mo?s tak+ possession ( !m2 !y are r made to re/ on two little bits ( wood1 rais$ a little above ! bo>d1 & cross$ by ! p9s4 ,above ! combs & ! p9s1 a l>ge piece ( comb is plac$ horizontally1 & cov]+ ! :ole1 to keep 9 ! heat :ile ! hat*+ goes on4 ,aft] all ^! prelim9>ies1 a f9e day is *os51 ab\t ! end ( ,april or beg9n+ ( ,may1 accord+ to ! climate1 & accord+ z ! season is m or less advanc$2 &1 9 ! heat ( ! day1 a little be=e noon1 a /rong hive1 :ile 9 full activity1 is lift$ up1 its top re/$ on ! gr\nd1 & ! bees driv5 (f ! combs ) a little tobacco smoke1 9 ord] t ! prop] pieces may be se5 & *os54 ,a piece ( comb1 ab\t ! size ( a h&1 is !n cut out1 conta9+ all ! ?ree k9ds ( brood1 t is1 eggs1 nymphs1 b pr9cipally ! little maggots1 j two or ?ree days out ( ! %ell4 ,! hive is !n replac$ on its /&1 & ! little bit ( comb t 0 tak5 out ( x is put into ! box1 to occupy ! empty space t 0 left 9 ! c5tre1 betwe5 ! p9s1 & ab\t a ?\s& or fifte5 hundr$ bees1 tak5 f a clu/] 9 "s o!r mann]1 are !n introduc$1 & ! box clos$1 to prev5t !m gett+ out4 ,_! extreme agitation1 approa*+ to despair1 produces a heat s great t !y w\ld be suffocat$1 b = ! wire-grat+s above & 9 front4 ,t[>ds night1 :5 !y become tranquil1 no?+ m is he>d b a s(t murmur+1 & !y beg9 to con/ruct "o ( ! great cells1 t has its op5+ und]nea?1 & 9 :i* !y nurse & re> que5s4 ,be=e ! cell is complet$1 !y c>ry into x a little maggot1 out ( ! egg )9 two days2 :i* be+ !n suitably n\ri%$1 becomes a p]fect que5 9 less ?an a =tnight4 ,= ?ree days ! box %\ld be kept %ut1 & ! light c>efully exclud$1 = x w\ld only s]ve to increase ! agitation ( ! prison]s2 & ! upp] wire-grat+1 be+ ( no f>!r use1 may be pla/]$ ov] ) a little clay4 ,! f\r? day ! box may be c>ri$ to ! api>y1 & ! bees set at lib]ty1 by op5+ a "p ( ! wire-grat+ 9 front4 ,hav+ n[ got a new e/abli%m5t1 ) ! c]ta9ty ( soon hav+ a que51 !y ?9k no m ( return+ to ! hives :5ce !y 7 tak51 b come & g1 clean+ _! little dwell+1 & work+ l a weak sw>m4 ,:ile !y are ?us occupi$1 a little cage %\ld be prep>$1 9 :i* to %ut up ! que5 :5 h] metamorphoses %all be complet$4 ,?is cage is ( a semicircul> =m1 & 9 size resembl+ ! half ( a l>ge orange2 x is made ( wood1 scoop$ out1 & has a wire-grat+ on ! front ( x1 s f9e t no bee c get out or 93 a hole is made 9 ! l[] "p ( x1 l>ge en\gh to p]mit a bee to pass ?r\gh1 & a wood5 p91 f six to eight in*es long1 ( ! size ( ! hole1 is prep>$ to %ut x up )4 ,^! prep>ations be+ complet$1 ! box is op5$ f\rte5 or fifte5 days aft] ! bees h be5 put 91 b x mu/ be "o ( ^! f9e spr+ days :5 ! bees are busy at "w3 %\ld ! wea!r be cold or wet1 ! op5+ ( ! box mu/ be delay$4 ,! combs are !n all tak5 out1 & ! que5 w be easily discov]$4 ,%e is mu* long] 9 ! body1 & altoge!r l>g]1 ?an ! o!r bees1 z may be obs]v$ f ! foll[+ figures1 :]e ,fig4 #a4 repres5ts ! ,que52 ,fig4 #b4 ! ,drone2 & ,fig4 #c4 ! ,work+ ,bee #d4 ,footnote #d3 ,to ^? n mu* acqua9t$ ) bees1 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s may be useful4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a ,fig4 #b ,fig4 #c ,fig4 #a4 ,! ,que5 ,bee3 ! head is ( a triangul> %ape2 h] w+s v %ort1 n ext5d+ beyond ! "o-half ( h] body1 :i* is long]1 & m po9t$1 ?an t ( ! work+ bees4 ,h] legs & corselet are copp] col\r$2 ?orax grey1 & abdom5 br[n4 ,!re is only "o que5 to a hive2 :ile !re are f #aj1jjj to #ae1jjj work]s1 & p]haps #ajjj or #abjj drones4 ,fig4 #b4 ,! ,drone1 or ,male ,bee2 ! head is r\nd1 its l>ge body is almo/ entirely cov]$ by its w+s4 ,x has no /+4 ,! drones appe> only at ! season ( sw>m+1 & are all put to dea? by ! work]s 9 ! autumn4 ,fig4 #c4 ,! ,work+ ,bee4 ,head some:at triangul>2 ! smalle/ & mo/ num]\s ( ! hive1 :i* e "o kn[s z ! honey-bee1 & :i* fabricates ! combs1 makes ! honey1 & fe$s ! "y4 ,! que5 mu/ be seiz$ by ! w+s & introduc$1 head =emo/1 ?r\gh ! hole into ! cage1 along ) a doz5 bees to be> h] company1 & !n ! hole ?r\gh :i* !y h pass$ is /opp$ up ) ! wood5 p94 ,?is be+ complet$1 an empty hive mu/ be prep>$1 simil>1 9 e respect1 to ! "o out ( :i* artificially ! sw>m is to be tak54 ,a hole1 p>allel to t 9 ! cage1 is pi]c$ 9 ! b5* on :i* x is to /&1 & ! end ( ! wood5 p9 fix$ into x1 s t ! cage may be susp5d$1 p]p5dicul>ly1 ab\t two-?irds ! height ( ! hive4 ,betwe5 elev5 & twelve ( ! same day1 :ile ! bees are mo/ly on ! w+1 a /rong p]son takes "o ( ! old hives1 t is n likely to sw>m1 lifts x /eadily1 & re/s x = a few seconds on a table1 at h& = ! purpose1 :ile its place is in/antly fill$ by ! "o conta9+ ! "y que5 & h] cage4 ,any bees t may be gr\p$ ab\t ! bo>d are lift$ up ) a wood5 spoon1 & laid d[n at ! door ( ! new hive2 ^! asc5d imm$iately2 & all ! work+ bees1 return+ 9 cr[ds f ! fields1 ent] )\t hesitation2 :51 f9d+ nei!r combs1 nor honey1 nor any provision :atev]1 !y g out & return sev]al times1 & fly r\nd & r\nd x2 :ile ! inhabitants ( ! old hive1 hav+ no suspicion ( _! place be+ *ang$1 leave x )\t precaution1 return to ! situation ( _! anci5t dwell+1 & increase ! sw>m t is =m+4 ,we>i$ at l5g? ( _! rese>*es1 & f9d+ 9 ?is new e/abli%m5t a great numb] ( _! companions1 ) an imprison$ que51 !y unite !mselves toge!r at ! top ( ! hive1 beg91 ev5 ! same ev5+1 to build combs2 & ?us is obta9$ an excell5t artificial sw>m4 ,next day1 & "s days aft]1 _m bees cont9ue to jo9 !m f ! old hive1 :i* delays n to repeople itself f ! brood-comb ) :i* x is fill$1 z x is n m weak5$ ?an if x _h sw>m$ naturally4 ,! second day aft] ?is op]ation ! new hive mu/ be lift$ up1 ! cage tak5 out1 & ! que5 set at lib]ty1 :i* is easily done1 by draw+ out two or ?ree ( ! wires t =m ! grat+4 ,x w\ld n be possible to make h] desc5d by ! hole ?r\gh :i* %e ent]$1 &1 by delay+ too long to take h] out1 %e w\ld be completely surr\nd$ by combs1 t mu/ be brok5 be=e %e c\ld be releas$4 ,! precaution ( keep+ ! que5 9 prison = two days is indisp5sable2 = )\t ?is precaution %e w\ld be put to dea? z a /rang]1 or %e might escape f ! hive dur+ ! fir/ tumult1 :i* w\ld cause ! total failure ( ! sw>m4 ,b aft] be+ %ut up 9 x = a little "t1 %e is look$ ^u z ! hope ( ! new colony1 & sure ( a fav\rable reception4 ,to succe$ 9 ?is op]ation1 !re mu/ be1 at lea/1 six in*es betwe5 ea* hive3 %\ld !y t\* ea* o!r1 _m ( ! work+ bees w\ld infallibly lose _! lives1 by ?r[+ !mselves into "s ( ! neighb\r+ ones4 ,su* is ! result ( ^! t$i\s & difficult op]ations to obta9 artificial sw>ms by ! me?od ( ,m4 ,%ira*1 at ?is "t g5]ally pursu$ 9 ,g]many4 ,!re is ano!r1 easi] & less t$i\s1 said to be 9 usage 9 ! ,ar*ipelago1 9 ,anci5t ,greece1 & sev]al o!r c\ntries1 :i* ,i h foll[$ ) great success4 ,*oose a hive ( wood or /raw1 exactly ! same 9 =m & size ( ! "o f :i* y mean to take ! sw>m4 ,on a f9e day 9 ,may1 or1 9 m\nta9\s c\ntries1 :i* are lat]1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 ?r[ a few :iffs ( tobacco-smoke into a well-/ock$ hive1 turn x up1 &1 ) a little m smoke1 disp]se ! bees t are ^u ! combs2 !n cut out a bit ( comb1 ab\t ! size ( ! palm ( a h&1 tak+ c>e t !re be ! ?ree k9ds ( brood1 viz4 eggs1 maggots1 & nymphs1 already enclos$ 9 ! cells t s]ve !m = cradles1 b especially ^? maggots t h be5 hat*$ )9 two days2 aft] return+ ?is hive to its place1 !n proce$ to fix ! bit ( comb ) "s wood5 p9s1 9 ! top ( ! newly prep>$ "o1 & support x und]nea? ) a ?9 *ip ( wood4 ,betwe5 elev5 & twelve 9 ! =5oon1 lift a v popul\s hive 7n ! "o out ( :i* ! brood-comb 0 tak571 (f its own bo>d to ano!r t mu/ be ready to receive x1 & put ! empty "o 9 ! place x occupi$4 ,all ! bees1 return+ f ! fields1 ent] ! "o t has be5 sub/itut$1 seem at fir/ to be greatly agitat$1 b1 by degrees1 ga!r r\nd ! brood-comb1 & beg9 be=e night to con/ruct a royal cell1 to :i* !y transport a maggot ( two days old1 & :]e x und]goes its metamorphosis1 & comes out a que54 ,by ?is me?od1 ,i h procur$ excell5t sw>ms f hives t w\ld n h sw>m$ naturally2 &1 ! foll[+ spr+1 r5ew$ ! old hives1 aft] ! mann] indicat$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xxi1 ?us pres]v+ my hives 9 good condition4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,advantages ,,( ,,isolat$ ,,hives4 ,a sw>m1 tak+ flight1 ru%es out ( ! hive1 & seems b5t on fix+ itself 9 "s di/ant qu>t]1 z if x fe>$ ! neighb\rhood ( o!r sw>ms--z if x felt t its mo/ =midable enemies 7 ^? ( its own k9d4 ,sw>ms w unite1 h[ev]1 :5 !y take flight at ! same "t1 because ! bees ( "o hive _c be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ano!r :5 on ! w+1 & cross+ ea* o!r 9 e direction2 & z soon z "o gr\p beg9s to knot ^u a bran*1 ! bees ( ! o!r cr[d r\nd1 suppos+ !m to be _! companions4 ,_! in/9ct1 h[ev]1 r leads !m to isolate !mselves1 z !y d 9 great =e/s2 b _! proprietors resi/ ?is in/9ct1 assemble a great _m hives toge!r 9 ! same api>y1 to %elt] !m f ! wea!r1 z well z to protect !m f ?ieves1 & to wat* ov] !m at ! "t ( _! emigration4 ,su* are1 d\btless1 great advantages1 b n suffici5t to c\nt]balance ^? t w\ld result f keep+ !m sep>ate4 ,! mix+ & unit+ toge!r ( sev]al sw>ms1 t (t5 take place 9 l>ge api>ies1 & :i* is n always an advantage1 w\ld !reby be prev5t$4 ,!re w\ld be great] facility 9 =m+ artificial sw>ms1 & "o hive w\ld n be di/urb$ 9 op]at+ on ano!r4 ,! great exp5ce ( bee-h\ses w\ld ?us be sp>$2 ^! are mu* m co/ly ?an /&s = isolat$ hives1 = :i* !re is no?+ m necess>y ?an a bo>d1 support$ by a pile ( wood1 sunk into ! gr\nd1 ) a ?at* ( /raw1 :i* any "o c spread ov] ! tops ( ! hives1 to protect !m f ! ra9 & ! heat ( ! sun4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,enemies ,,( ,,bees1 ,,& ,,means ,,( ,,ov]com+ ,,!m4 ,all amateurs t h writt5 on ! subject ( bees1 h spok5 ( _! enemies1 b few h giv5 any directions 9 :at way !y may be ov]come4 ,i %\ld nei!r atta9 my aim1 nor realise ! title ( my "w1 if ,i did n notice !m4 ,no?+ is m prejudicial to bees ?an ignorant att5tion4 ,_! mo/ =midable enemies are1 p]haps1 _! possessors1 :o busy !mselves to torm5t !m1 & weak5 & kill !m by too mu* c>e4 ,9 w9t] !y hurt !m1 by %utt+ !m up = fe> ( ! sn[1 )\t consid]+ t _m m p]i% 9 _! un:olesome prison2 & t ! great humidity1 hav+ no outlet1 m\lds ! combs1 & sometimes ev5 rots !m4 ,:o %uts up ! wild bees 9 ! =e/s ( ,li?uania1 :]e !y ?rive s well8 ,_! own in/9ct suffices2 !re !y h no ma/] to ?w>t !m4 ,9 spr+1 ! giv+ !m a little honey1 t w\ld suffice to save !m1 is n always att5d$ to1 nei!r is ! gu>d+ !m f mo?s1 :i* at t "t make ! greate/ havoc1 nor is ! n>r[+ ( ! entrances to prev5t !m be+ robb$4 ,9 summ] ,i h se5 p]sons leave only v small entrances to v popul\s hives1 ev5 :5 ! bees 7 =m+ clu/]s1 & s increase ! ard\r & activity ( ! work]s4 ,b ?is emb>rassm5t only pa9$ !m1 & ret>d$ ! ga!r+ & lay+ up ( _! /ore4 ,"s let sw>ms escape f m]e c>elessness4 ,p suffocate !m 9 autumn1 t !y may possess !mselves ( _! provisions2 & o!rs take out ! be/ ( ! honey & (t5 too mu* ( x1 & s expose !m to die ( hung]2 & !y ev5 sometimes annoy !m by leav+ too great a quantity ( c&i$ honey-comb1 :i* is ( no use to !m1 & ! extraction ( x f ! cells co/s _m valuable lives1 z ,i h already obs]v$4 ,i !re=e place1 9 ! =emo/ rank ( _! enemies1 ^? ( _! possessors1 :o1 by _! own ignorance & inexp]i5ce1 h9d] !m f prosp]+ & multiply+4 ,ants are _! lea/ dang]\s enemies2 true1 ! bees _c /+ !m to dea?1 because !y are small & well def5d$ ) arm\r1 b !y seize hold ( !m ) _! tee?1 & c>ry !m to a di/ance4 ,_h !y n ?is means ( gett+ rid ( !m1 _! colonies c\ld n exi/ 9 ! va/ =e/s full ( ants' ne/s1 & :]e !y ?rive s well1 9 spite ( ! horrible massacres t annually take place4 ,i h nev] se5 a hive de/roy$ by ants2 !y attack only weak sw>ms1 t h be5 ei!r pillag$ be=e1 or happ5 to be e/abli%$ 9 a lodg+ too l>ge = !m to def5d4 ,i recomm5d1 h[ev]1 to pla/] up all *9ks ?r\gh :i* ^! little insects c\ld ga9 an entrance4 ,mo?s are little kn[n1 & nev] injuri\s1 9 ! high valleys1 nor on ! m\nta9s1 b !y attack & de/roy a va/ numb] ( hives 9 ! pla9s or 9 ! v9ey>ds1 :]e !y are a great sc\rge4 ,z soon z a mo? has p5etrat$ a weak hive1 x e/abli%es itself 9 a comb1 envelopes itself 9 a silk5 web1 multiplies rapidly1 consum+ ! wax1 & spread+ its de/ructive gall]ies f side to side1 until1 arriv+ at a c]ta9 po9t1 ! evil has no rem$y4 ,i %all n repeat :at ,i h said 9 ! tw5tie? *apt]1 ( ! admirable +5uity ) :i* well-/ock$ hives def5d !mselves1 by gnaw+ & r$uc+ to crumbs e "p ( ! wax t h>b\rs a mo?4 ,nor ! means ,i h po9t$ out 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 to dim9i% ! numb] ( _! enemies 9 ! spr+1 by frequ5tly exam9+ ! little bits ( wood us$ = contract+ ! entrance1 or :5ev] ! heat$ air ( ! hive is likely to attract butt]flies1 = ! purpose ( deposit+ _! eggs4 ,i %all only add1 t :5 any trace ( a mo? is obs]v$ ab\t a hive1 x %\ld imm$iately be clean$ away1 & e little fragm5t ( wax be swept (f ! bo>d4 ,if1 9 defiance ( ^! precautions1 x %\ld seem t ! mo?s h invad$ "s ( ! combs1 ! only means ( sav+ ! colony is1 to imitate ! surgeon1 :o cuts (f a deceas$ limb to save ! o!r1--e bit ( infect$ comb mu/ be cut out1 leav+ only ^? occupi$ by ! bees4 ,& ! bees mu/ !n be lib]ally f$1 by giv+ !m e ev5+ z mu* honey z w ma9ta9 !m until ! fields %all yield !m a suffici5t quantity4 ,?us ,i h pres]v$ hives ^: circum/ances seem$ to be desp]ate4 ,spid]s annoy ! bees mu*4 ,! bees get entangl$ 9 _! webs1 & are n able to extricate !mselves4 ,"h cleanl9ess is ! be/ protection2 !re=e c>e %\ld be _h to sweep ! webs away f ! hive & its av5ues z fa/ z !y appe>4 ,birds eat a prodigi\s quantity ( bees1 especially 9 spr+1 :5 ! trees are 9 blossom4 ,:atev] p may say to ! contr>y1 ,i h reason to ?9k t ! swall[s1 :i* are p]petually cruis+ ab\t 9 ! air1 l s _m corsairs1 de/roy a great numb]1 to regale !mselves1 & to fe$ _! "y3 ?is 0 ! op9ion ( ,virgil#e4 ,footnote #e3 ,abs9t 444 m]opesque1 alique volucres1 ,et manibus ,progne pectus signata cru5tis4 ,omnia nam late va/ant1 ipsasque volantes ,ore f]unt1 dulcem nidis immitibus escam4 ,georg4 iv4 ,mo?s de/roy :ole colonies3 birds d n entirely de/roy1 b !y dim9i% ! population2 ! que5s1 especially1 become an easy prey to !m1 _! flight be+ heavy1 f ! great l5g? ( _! bodies & %ortness ( _! w+s2 & ! que51 be+ ! v s\l ( ! hive1 :5 %e dies ! :ole w infallibly p]i%1 if !re is n "s ( ! prop] brood ready to fill h] place2 &1 ev5 9 ! latt] case1 ! population is ret>d$ 9 ! f9e wea!r1 & ! hive becomes languid4 ,z ?is happ5$ to me sev]al times1 ,i imput$ x to ! loss ( my que5s4 ,! p\ltry1 too1 t roam ab\t ne> ! wat] :]e ! bees g to qu5* _! ?ir/1 gobble up a great _m ( !m1 mak+ a con/ant w> on !m1 z deadly z t c>ri$ on by ! birds4 ,i h ev5 se5 a tame magpie place h]self betwe5 two hives1 peck "r & left1 & snap up hundr$s ( bees to h] breakfa/4 ,%e 0 caught 9 ! act1 condemn$ to dea?1 & execut$ 9 ! same in/ant4 ,mice1 especially ! r$ m\se1 or ,sorex araneus1 sometimes p5etrate a hive 9 ! w9t] "t1 ei!r f ! entrance be+ left too wide1 or by gnaw+ a hole = !mselves 9 ! /raw4 ,!y eat ! honey1 & ev5 ! bees1 :5 clu/]$ toge!r on ! side ( ! hive1 9 :i* position !y are unable to def5d !mselves1 & sc>cely ev5 see ! enemy4 ,i h frequ5tly se5 a m\se's ne/ inside ( a hive 9 spr+1 seem+ly unp]ceiv$ by ! inhabitants4 ,wasps are also reckon$ among ! num]\s enemies ( bees4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 seldom se5 a hive de/roy$ by wasps3 al?\gh !y are l>g]1 /rong]1 & arm$ ) a =midable /+1 & an imp5etrable cuirass1 !y seldom d>e ent] a well /ock$ hive4 ,once attack$1 !y soon fall b5ea? ! unit$ ef=ts ( ^! brave citiz5s1 :o sacrifice !mselves to def5d ! place ( _! nativity4 ,wasps only appe> 9 great numb]s :5 ! fruit is rip5+1 & !n !y range unceas+ly r\nd ! hives1 & ent] ! weak ones1 or ^? ( :i* ! too spaci\s lodg+ he>s no proportion to ! numb] ( its inhabitants4 ,!re are ?ree ways ( provid+ aga9/ ! attacks ( wasps4 ,! fir/1 is to unite weak hives by d\bl+ or tripl+ ! population1 !reby enabl+ !m to def5d !mselves4 ,! second1 is to contract ! entrances z soon z ! sw>m+ "t is ov]1 aft] ! massacre ( ! drones3 & ! ?ird is1 to de/roy _! ne/s4 ,! bees are cont9ually fight+ betwe5 !mselves1 & robb+ ea* o!r2 av>ice1 n necessity1 leads !m to d s1 x be+ almo/ always ! /ronge/ & be/ provision$ hives t pillage ! weak ones4 ,:5 once a bee has be5 able to introduce h]self into a hive1 & c>ry away a load ( honey )\t be+ arre/$1 %e w return a hundr$ times ! same day2 &1 mak+ x kn[n to h] companions1 !y w !n come 9 hordes1 nor cease _! pillage until !re is no?+ left to take4 ,9 "o day ! :ole ( ! honey w be c>ri$ (f1 & ) a det]m9ation :i* "o c sc>cely h an idea ( )\t see+ x4 ,?is k9d ( pillage is mo/ frequ5t 9 ! spr+ & autumn1 & x is easi] to prev5t ?an to /op x2 &1 = ?is purpose1 ! entrance ( ! hives ought to be /rait5$ 9 proportion to ! population4 ,f\r soldi]s1 z ,i h already said1 w m easily gu>d a n>r[ pass ?an ?irty or =ty w\ld def5d a great "o4 ,:5ev] ! bees clu/] !mselves 9 front ( ! hive1 x is a pro( t ! :ole ( ! int]ior is fill$1 & !re is !n no fe> ( pillage1 except+ 9 a v r>e case1 :5 !y happ5 n to obs]ve ! ?ieves1 & ( :i* ,i %all speak pres5tly4 ,9 proportion z ! clu/] increases1 ! entrance %\ld be wid5$1 ev5 op5$ entirely1 & contract$ aga9 9 ! autumn aft] ! de/ruction ( ! drones4 ,:5 ^! precautions are n suffici5t1 & ! pillage has comm5c$1 x is n easy to /op x4 ,x may succe$1 h[ev]1 9 spr+ or autumn1 by entirely clos+ ! entrance ( ! besieg$ hive = "o or two days1 & putt+ a l>ge cape ^u x1 or an empty hive1 pla/]+ x all r\nd to prev5t ! bees gett+ out4 ,?is af=ds !m a volume ( air suffici5t to prev5t !m f be+ suffocat$1 & !y g up & d[n at pleasure ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! top ( ! hive f :i* ! /opp] mu/ h be5 previ\sly )drawn2 e ev5+ ! entrance mu/ be op5$ to give !m air1 & c>efully %ut up aga9 9 ! morn+4 ,i h always f\nd ! two days seclusion suffici5t to put a /op to ! pillage4 ,b ?is means is n practicable dur+ ! hot wea!r1 = !n ! bees w\ld infallibly be suffocat$1 if !y 7 to be %ut up b "o h\r4 ,9 ?is case1 ,i h sav$ sev]al by cov]+ !m ) a wet table-clo?1 & ext5d+ x ov] ! front ( ! hive4 ,! ?ieves1 :o 7 arriv+ 9 hundr$s1 ?rew !mselves into ! neighb\r+ hives1 :]e !y 7 arre/$ & kill$2 = all !ft1 ev5 suspicion ( !ft1 is inv>iably puni%$ ) dea? 9 ^! republics4 ,"s ( ! ?ieves t happ5 to escape1 rega9 _! own dwell+s1 & w>n _! companions to bew>e ( return+1 & next day !re w be no m ?iev+4 ,i h nev] be5 oblig$ to spread ! wet table-clo? a second "t4 ,true1 _m ( ! bees ( ! hive ,i 0 def5d+ 7 sacrific$1 return+ f ! fields1 & be+ unable to ga9 admittance1 !y p]i%$ 9 "s way or o!r3 x 0 a small sacrifice1 to av]t a great] evil1 b my hive 0 sav$1 & t 0 my object4 ,x is a cure t does n always succe$1 h[ev]1 & is q useless :5 ! besieg$ hive is a weak "o1 or if mu* ( ! honey has be5 c>ri$ away4 ,i %all n speak ( toads1 liz>ds1 & all k9ds ( reptiles1 t are rank$ among ! enemies ( ! bees1 = ,i h nev] se5 t !y did !m mu* h>m4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,diseases ,,( ,,! ,,bees4 ,bees h no real disease4 ,dys5t]y1 ab\t :i* s mu* noise has be5 made1 & = :i* s _m rem$ies are prescrib$1 nev] attacks ! bees ( a well-/ock$ hive1 t is left op5 at all seasons1 b only ^? t are too long & too closely conf9$4 ,!y are always 9 good heal? z long z !y are at lib]ty1 :5 !y are w>m en\gh1 & h pl5ty ( food4 ,all _! pret5d$ diseases are ! result ( hung]1 cold1 or ! infection produc$ by a too close & long conf9em5t dur+ ! w9t]4 ,"s intellig5t p h errone\sly ?\ght t ! honey ga!r$ f ! fl[]s ( ! lime-tree caus$ dys5t]y1 b exp]i5ce conv9c$ me to ! contr>y2 = my hives 7 nev] 9 bett] condition ?an :5 ! lime-tree fl[]s suppli$ !m ) honey 9 abundance4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,bees1 ,,& ,,_! ,,language4 ,almo/ all au?ors speak ( f\r diff]5t k9ds or v>ieties ( ! honey-bee4 ,i frankly ackn[l$ge t ,i "k b ( "o2 & t all ! bees ,i h se5 are equally pr(itable :5 prop]ly tak5 c>e (4 ,x is true my travels h n be5 v ext5d$4 ,z to _! language3 a slight buzz+ or confus$ noise & a %>p s\nd1 are signals by :i* !y proclaim _! dang]1 or seek assi/ance f ea* o!r4 ,!y appe> to h ! p[] ( communicat+ _! desires1 _! fe>s1 _! situation1 & _! circum/ances4 ,_! language1 or :atev] "n is giv5 to x1 suffices to procure a conc]t ( wills & actions1 absolutely to atta9 a c]ta9 end2 & ( :i* ,i %all give a few examples4 ,:5 a hive has lo/ its que51 a g5]al agitation takes place1 t _c escape ! notice ( ! mo/ ord9>y obs]v]4 ,!y seek ab\t = h] on all sides1 &1 if %e _c be f\nd1 !y set to "w to supply h] place4 ,= ?is purpose1 a great cell mu/ be con/ruct$1 to s]ve h] = a cradle3 a s+le work+ bee _c manufacture x4 ,!re mu/ absolutely be a conc]t$ plan1--to *oose ! place to d ! "w--to transport ! newly hat*$ maggot--to nurse x suitably--& prop]ly to close ! cell :5 x is to und]go ! metamorphosis4 ,!re mu/ also be ! same re-union ( wills & ef=ts1 :5 x relates to ! gett+ rid ( a mo? t has e/abli%$ itself 9 a comb2 !y mu/ asc]ta9 its pres5ce1 feel ! evil x may d1 exam9e ) c>e ! ext5t ( its gall]ies1 & agree 9 ! plan ( attack & mode ( op]ations2 & h[ c !y =m & execute ?is plan1 )\t ! p]fect concurr5ce ( a great numb] ( lab\r]s8 ,su* agreem5t is impossible )\t "s sort ( language4 ,is ! hive to be clean$8 ,a g5]al assessm5t is comm&$1 & ! p in/antly obey4 ,a ?rong ( lab\r]s remove ! dead1 c>ry out ! little bits ( wax t are on ! bo>d1 :i* w\ld o!rwise s]ve to fe$ ! mo?s4 ,ea* ( ^! crumbs co/s !m a j\rney2 & t toil is sp>$ !m :5 c>e is tak5 to scrape & sweep ! bo>d f "t to "t4 ,ano!r s*eme ( agreem5t t indicates a language1 is :]e a bee f9ds honey1 :e!r 9 a room1 :]e x may h be5 deposit$ )\t %utt+ ! w9d[s1 or 9 a /rang] hive1 :]e x has ga9$ entrance4 ,x communicates x to its companions1 :o ru% out by hundr$s or by ?\s&s to obta9 a %>e ( ! booty4 ,h[ c\ld !y give ?is adv]tisem5t1 )\t a species ( language und]/ood by e "o ( !m4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,signs ,,( ,,recognition ,,among ,,! ,,bees4 ,! bees ( a hive h ! means ( recognition1 & ( di/+ui%+ _! companions f e /rang] bee2 )\t :i* !y c\ld n def5d _! honey4 ,9 va9 w\ld ! ,creator h arm$ ea* ( !m ) a =midable /+1 _h !y n be5 also giv5 to "k ! enemies :i* t /+ 0 to pi]ce4 ,/rang]s w\ld h gone 9 & out )\t risk ( detection or puni%m5t1 m+l$ ) ! work]s1 & depriv$ !m ( treasures indu/ri\sly collect$4 ,b ! ,all-wise ,au?or ( ,nature1 :o has giv5 !m ! means ( def5ce1 has also end[$ !m ) ! in/9ct to di/+ui% enemies f fri5ds1 ev5 among _! own species4 ,let a bee fall by accid5t1 or be driv5 by ! w9d1 into a hive n its own1 x is seiz$ z "o suspect$ ( evil int5tion1 & put to dea? t mom5t4 ,:at is _! signal ( recognition8 ,:at is ! organ & ! in/rum5t8 ,is x ! ant5n1--^? little flexible horns 9 front ( _! heads8 or is x by ! smell !y recognize ea* o!r8 ,a great inconv5i5ce att5d+ cr[d$ api>ies is1 t two or m hives may h ! same signal2 b happily1 9 ?is case1 :i* is a r>e "o1 !y h ! p[] ( *ang+ ! signal2 9 pro( ( :i*1 ! foll[+ circum/ance happ5$ ) m9e1 9 "o ( ! mo/ abundant honey seasons4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,may ,i _h lodg$ my fir/ sw>m1 :i* 0 a v /rong "o1 9 a l>ge /raw hive4 ,! wea!r be+ v mild1 !y set to "w imm$iately1 & v soon fill$ m ?an half ( ! hive4 ,9 a few days1 ,i obs]v$ x 0 invad$ by a sw>m belong+ to "o ( my neighb\rs2 t !y w5t 9 & came out1 )\t be+ detect$2 & t !y 7 c>ry+ out z mu* honey z my bees 7 br++ 94 ,i %ut up "o-half ( _! door2 &1 = ne>ly a :ole week1 :5ev] ,i 0 at leisure1 ,i /ation$ myself ne> my sw>m1 & kill$ e day hundr$s ( ! ?ieves1 :i* 7 easily di/+ui%$ by _! %ape1--sl5d] en\gh :5 !y w5t 91 b puff$ up z !y came out1 ) z mu* nect> z !y c\ld conta94 ,?is1 h[ev]1 did n /op !m1 & !y cont9u$ com+ & go+1 9 great] numb]s1 till night1 & beg9n+ aga9 e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,i _h pl5ty ( sport1 b my lab\r 0 9 va91 & ,i began to despair ( sav+ my sw>m1 :51 "o aft]noon1 ,i p]ceiv$ x to be agitat$ & tr\bl$1 z if x _h lo/ its que54 ,! bees buzz$ ab\t be=e ! hive1 & on ! bo>d1 smell+ & t\*+ ea* o!r1 z if !y w\ld h spok54 ,x 0 to *ange _! signal1 & :i* 9 fact !y did *ange1 dur+ ! night2 & all ! /rang]s t came next day 7 arre/$1 & put to dea?4 ,"s escap$ ! vigilance ( ! gu>ds t def5d$ ! entrance1 & d\btless w>n$ ! o!rs ( ! dang] !y _h escap$1 & t !y c\ld no m plund] ) impunity3 !y return$ no m1 & my hive prosp]$ wond]fully4 ,i h1 9 ! c\rse ( my life1 se5 only o!r two simil> in/ances t _h ! same result4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,hives ,,9 ,,w9t]1 ,,& ,,means ,,( ,,protect+ ,,!m ,,f ,,! ,,cold4 ,! mo/ important po9t t rema9s to be treat$1 is ! pres]vation ( hives 9 w9t]4 ,?is sev]e season1 :i* la/s at ,neuf*atel f\r mon?s1 f ! comm5cem5t ( ,novemb] to ! end ( ,febru>y1 & :i* is ev5 long] 9 ! m\nta9s1 causes ! dea? ( m bees ?an all ! enemies ( all ! o!r seasons put toge!r2 & mo/ly1 too1 f our own want ( att5tion4 ,x is by practice only t true pr9ciples c be laid d[n3 & ^! pr9ciples mu/ be v>i\sly modifi$1 to adapt _! application to ! diff]5ces ( temp]ature & locality4 ,"o c le>n ) c]ta9ty only by ! light ( exp]i5ce4 ,i %all proce$ to tell :at x has taught me2 & "h ,i ent] on ! mo/ difficult & ! mo/ ess5tial "p ( my task4 ,we mu/ suppose t ! necess>y c>e has be5 tak5 to asc]ta9 t ea* hive has ! quantity ( provision necess>y = its subsi/5ce until ! return ( ! f9e season1 & x is bett] t !y %\ld h too mu* ?an too little2 = bees are great economi/s1 & nev] wa/e _! sup]fluity4 ,i lay d[n z a g5]al rule1 & )\t any exception1 t bees ought nev] to be f$ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,food giv5 !m dur+ t season causes disease1 bre$s infection1 p>ticul>ly if !y are kept conf9$2 & if !y are at lib]ty1 & =c$ out by ! un:olesome smell ( ! hive1 !y are likely to p]i% f ! cold4 ,besides1 x always appe>$ to me t !y consume m :5 food is giv5 !m by little & little1 ?an :5 !y h x 9 /ore4 ,i h po9t$ out1 9 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ! c]ta9 rule by :i* ! quantity ( provision may be e/imat$2 &1 9 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,i h detail$ ! me?od ( supply+ !m 9 autumn4 ,?us !y w be sav$ f hung]1 if my advice be foll[$4 ,let u n[ see h[ !y may be def5d$ f cold1 & ! fatal effects ( a long imprisonm5t4 ,"s w9t]s are s long & s rigid1 t our valuable insects suff] greatly f ! int5sity ( ! cold2 & ! lea/ evil x does !m1 is to cry/allise _! honey1 :i* is !n no long] ( any use to !m4 ,! w>m? keeps x 9 a fluid /ate2 b ?is w>m?1 conc5trat$ 9 ! middle1 or on "o side ( ! hive1 does n prev5t x be+ c&i$ 9 ! o!r p>ts ( x4 ,m c&i$ honey w g5]ally be f\nd on "o side ?an ! o!r4 ,?is may be prev5t$ by n>r[+ ! entrance1 & clos+ up e crevice by :i* ! ext]nal air c p5etrate4 ,our indu/ri\s & provid5t little lab\r]s set ! example4 ,_! in/9ct leads !m1 dur+ ! summ]1 c>efully to close up e crack or jo9+ ( _! habitation1 ) a sort ( gummy matt] call$ propolis1 :i* _c be p5etrat$ ei!r by ! mice1 ! mo?s1 or ! ants4 ,i h se5 an excell5t sw>m p]i%1 9 consequ5ce ( a slight b5d 9 ! bo>d1 :i* left an int]/ice on ea* side1 ?r\gh :i* a cold nor? w9d sift$1 & froze m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( ! bees2 & no aft] c>e 0 able to save ^? t 7 left4 ,two ye>s aft]1 ano!r hive1 belong+ to ! same p]son1 c>efully pla/]$ r\nd1 b be+ made ( too slight mat]ial1 too ?91 & hav+ no cov]+1 lo/ at lea/ two-?irds ( its population f cold4 ,x 0 sav$1 h[ev]1 by great c>e1 & 9 "t recov]$4 ,x is to avoid simil> disa/]s t hives are commonly tak5 into ! h\se2 b ?is exposes !m to ! evil aris+ f infection4 ,a ?ick /rong-made hive is a m c]ta9 protection f ! cold ?an "o t is ?9 & light4 ,x keeps 9 ! w>m?1 l suitable w9t] clo?+2 :ile ! o!r resembles an unseasonable summ] g>m5t3 &1 = ?is reason1 ,i h recomm5d$1 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4 n to sp>e ! mat]ial4 ,not)/&+ ! excessive cold ( ,li?uania1 & ! nor? ( ,russia1 ! sw>ms succe$ 9 f9d+ = !mselves a com=table abode 9 ! holl[s ( ! ?ick oak-trees1 ?r\gh :i* ! cold does n p5etrate4 ,b1 9 addition to ! w>m? aris+ f ! ?ickness ( ! hive1 ,i always cov] m9e1 dur+ sev]e wea!r1 ) a piece ( old blanket1 or "s su* ?+1 to *eck ! fir/ impression ( ! cold2 & z few c\ntry p h a !rmomet]1 by :i* to e/imate ! degree ( temp]ature1 !y %\ld ha/5 to ?at*1 or cov] !m1 9 "s way1 :5ev] !y p]ceive ! ho> fro/ on ! glass ( _! w9d[s1 :i* w be ! case :5 ! common !rmomet] ( ,fahr5heit desc5ds ?ree or f\r degrees bel[ ! freez+ po9t4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,mann] ,,( ,,pres]v+ ,,hives ,,by ,,tak+ ,,!m ,,into ,,! ,,h\se ,,9 ,,w9t]4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ t1 9 ! high valleys1 & 9 ! m\nta9s1 bees c only be pres]v$ by tak+ ! hives into ! h\se 9 w9t]1 :]e !y mu/ rema91 until ! sn[ has disappe>$1 be=e !y c be set at lib]ty4 ,i _h ?is fatal prejudice = _m ye>s2 b x 0 dispell$ by ! success att5d+ ! union ( ! five sw>ms ( :i* ,i h giv5 a detail$ acc\nt 9 ,*apt] ,,xviii41 at :i* "t a ray ( light broke 9 ^u me t has s9ce cont9u$ to guide me4 ,! foll[+ w9t] ,i left out ! "o-half ( my hives1 & mov$ ! o!r half into a cold room1 accord+ to my usual cu/om1 :]e all ! pa9s ,i be/[$ ^u !m did n altoge!r keep !m alive1 nor pres]ve !m f damp & infection4 ,9 va9 ,i swept & clean$ ! bo>ds1 or plac$ !m on dry hay to absorb ! moi/ure2 9 va9 ,i gave !m capes or jo9+s4 ,) all my c>e1 !re 0 n "o ( !m free ( diseases & infection4 ,! w9t] 0 long & sev]e2 & !y c\ld n be return$ to ! air be=e ! la/ week 9 ,m>*1 by :i* "t !y 7 feeble & languid1 & f> less prosp]\s ?an ^? t _h pass$ ! w9t] out ( doors4 ,f t "t1 ,i h nev] tak5 "o into ! h\se4 ,b1 z hives t h be5 weak5$ by giv+ out too _m sw>ms1 especially sw>ms ( ! same ye>1 t h n ne>ly fill$ ! int]ior ( _! habitation ) combs1 are less subject to become ov]heat$1 & to m\ld1 ?an ^? t are q fill$1 & ( :i* ! population is v /rong1 ! inhabitants ( ! m\nta9s might h ! latt] 9 ! op5 air all w9t]1 & only move ! o!rs into ! h\se4 ,!y w f9d1 z ,i h done1 t /rong well fill$ hives are f> be/ out ( doors1 provid$ !y take ! necess>y precautions to prev5t !m f freez+4 ,i h some:]e or o!r read an acc\nt ( a v +5i\s me?od ( pres]v+ hives 9 w9t]1 b h n made trial ( x1 9 consequ5ce ( n hav+ a place fitt+ = x4 ,accord+ to ?is plan1 "o mu/ h an empty room1 v cold & dry1 9 :i*1 f end to end1 two long poles are susp5d$ p>allel to ea* o!r1 & a foot ( di/ance betwe5 !m4 ,z soon z ! sev]e cold beg9s1 & ! !rmomet] is at ! freez+ po9t1 ! hives are all mov$ into ?is room1 & set up ^u ! poles1 )\t any bo>d b5ea? !m1 & sep>ate ab\t half a foot f ea* o!r4 ,ea* hive mu/ be numb]$1 & ! numb]s not$ d[n1 z well z ! bo>d & place t ea* occupi$ 9 ! api>y1 9 ord] t !y may be replac$ 9 exactly ! same situation on ! return ( spr+4 ,?is done1 ! room is d>k5$1 z ! smalle/ ray ( light w induce ! bees to quit _! hives2 &1 9 ?is mann]1 !y may be pres]v$ 9 a heal?y /ate1 & )\t dim9ution ( _! numb]s1 dur+ ! w9t]2 &1 f be+ left entirely op5 bel[1 any dead bees1 or bits ( wax1 fall on ! floor1 & !y escape ! dang] ( infection4 ,on ! return ( ! f9e season1 & e>ly 9 ! morn+ ( a calm day1 ! room is op5$1 & ea* hive return$ to its own place on ! api>y4 ,i h reason to ?9k t hives1 w9t]$ 9 ?is way1 w consume a qu>t]1 a ?ird1 or p]haps "o-half less provision ?an o!rs1 if left on ! api>y1 or %ut up entirely f ! air2 b we mu/ att5d less to ! rigid economy ( ! honey1 ?an to ! pres]vation ( ! valuable insects t collect x = u4 ,i possess only ! !ory ( a practice ( :i* ,i %\ld h glori$ 9 be+ ! inv5tor1 z x appe>s to me infallible1 & advantage\s 9 all its relations1 b m especially to ! inhabitants ( ! m\nta9s4 ,!re two or ?ree p might hire a room among !m = ! purpose2 &1 %\ld ! air become impure f s _m hives be+ clos$ up toge!r1 x c\ld be purifi$ by op5+ ! door dur+ ! night1 & clos+ x well up aga9 9 ! morn+4 ,,conclusion4 ,i h n[ giv5 ! result ( sixty-f\r ye>s exp]i5ce4 ,?is little memoir has ext5d$ b5ea? my p5 f> beyond my orig9al int5tion2 b x 0 ( consequ5ce 9 describ+ ! new me?ods ,i _h adopt$1 to give my reasons = e ?+ ,i recomm5d$2 &1 = ?is purpose1 to ent] v m9utely into ! details4 ,i h n writt5 ) elegance1 b h express$ myself pla9ly2 &1 9 giv+ ! acc\nt ( my exp]im5ts1 x seem$ to me t1 to be cle>ly und]/ood1 ,i ought to relate naturally h[ ,i set ab\t !m1 z ! diff]5t circum/ances occurr$1 & t e read] c\ld m easily foll[ me1 9 see+ me act1 z x 71 ?an if ,i m]ely laid d[n g5]al rules4 ,^? ,i h giv51 h ! r>e advantage ( be+ applicable to e k9d ( hive1 ( wood or /raw1 :e!r l>ge or small1 & ( :atev] =m or %ape4 ,i h n recomm5d$ any "o k9d 9 p>ticul>1 n ev5 ^? t be> my "n1 z ,i consid] !m all equally pr(itable :5 skilfully tak5 c>e (4 ,e "o may make use ( su* z he likes be/1 or su* z he c mo/ easily procure4 ,i wi% n to lead ! api>ian into any exp5ce1 b to po9t out to him cle>ly ^? pr9ciples & rules t he %\ld n lose sight (1 if he wi%es to pres]ve 8 bees & to pr(it by !m4 ,if ?is little "w is fav\rably receiv$ by ! public1 & if my life is sp>$1 ,i may be induc$ to give x a sequel1 9 :i* w be f\nd new ideas conc]n+ ! drones1 & _! de/9ation1 ) sev]al exp]im5ts to discov] if x is ( any use to assi/ ! bees 9 kill+ !m2 calculations ( ! ye>ly & av]age pr(it ( a s+le hive1 by :i* ,i w\ld enc\rage ! cultivators to "w a ri* m9e :5ce great pr(it maybe drawn2 & also directions = purify+ ! honey1 z well z = melt+ ! wax1 none ( :i* c\ld h a place 9 ?is little book1 ! sole object1 z express$ 9 ! title1 be+ ! pres]vation ( ! bees4 ,dim9ution ( ! ,weight ( my ,hives dur+ ! ,w9t]--f ! #bj? ,septemb] #ahac to ! #ca/ ,m>* #ahad4 ,,/raw4 ,no4 #a4 dim9i%$ #aj p\nds4 #b4 #aj #c4 #ab #d4 #ab #h4 #aa #aj4 #i #aa4 #h #ac4 d\bl$ 9 ,octob]1 #aa #ae4 #aj #af4 d\bl$1 #aj #ag4 d\bl$1 #ad #bj4 #aj #ba4 #ad #bb4 d\bl$1 #h #bc4 #aj #bd4 #i #be4 #ae #bf4 #ab #bg4 #aj #cj4 #ac #cb4 #i #ch4 #h ,a4 #i ,b4 #aj ,c4 #ab ,d4 #aj ,,wood4 ,no4 #a4 dim9i%$ #aa p\nds4 #d4 d\bl$1 #i #f4 #aa #g4 #h #h4 #ai #i4 #aj #aa4 #ae #ac4 #ae #ba4 #aj #bc4 d\bl$1 #aa ,to "k exactly if ! consumption ( unit$ hives 0 great] ?an t ( ^? hives ^: population _h n be5 augm5t$1 ,i weigh$ ?irty-six hives on ! #ca/ ( ,m>* #ahad1 t _h be5 previ\sly weigh$ on ! #bj? ,septemb] #ahac2 b ,i omitt$ ^? f :i* ,i _h tak5 honey1 z well z ^? ,i f$1 z ,i did n weigh !m4 ,x may be obs]v$1 by ! =ego+ table1 t ! mo/ economical exp5diture am\nts to eight p\nds ( honey1 & t ! greate/ consumption is n9ete54 ,i c attribute ?is enorm\s diff]5ce to no?+ b pillage4 ,x is v likely t ! /raw-hive1 ,no4 #ch41 mu/ h enri*$ itself ) booty 9 ,octob] or 9 ,m>*1 :ile ! wood5 hive ,no4 #h4 _h be5 plund]$4 ,( ^! ?irty-six hives1 six _h be5 d\bl$ 9 ,octob]1 by ! introduction ( a /rong sw>m into ea* ( !m1 & we see t _! exp5diture has n be5 great] ?an t ( ^? colonies t 7 left s+le4 ,9 ! c\rse ( six mon?s & elev5 days1 "o dim9i%$ only eight p\nds & a half2 "o1 n9e & a half2 "o1 t5 & a half2 "o elev52 "o1 elev5 & a half2 & ! lea/ economical1 f\rte5 p\nds4 ,?is comp>ison demon/rates1 t hives1 d\bl$ by ! re-union ( ! bees ( ano!r hive1 consume no m 9 w9t] ?an less popul\s hives1 left 9 _! natural /ate4 ,! fact is cle>ly prov$1 ?\gh ,i am ignorant ( ! cause4 ,i ought to obs]ve1 t all ^! d\bl$ hives1 ) ! exception ( "o old "o1 tw5ty-two ye>s ( age1 prosp]$ p]fectly ! ye> foll[+1 & gave me m honey & m sw>ms ?an all ! o!rs4 ,,note ,,by ,,! ,,translator4 ,"s fri5ds1 = :om ,i ent]ta9 a v high respect1 h rem>k$1 on read+ ! pro( %eets ( ?is translation1 t ,gelieu appe>s to be v successful 9 pres]v+ ! bees1 b t he does n prove s cle>ly t any great increase ( honey is !reby to be obta9$4 ,to ! practical api>ian ?is objection w nev] pres5t itself2 b1 = ! satisfaction ( ^? :o are n acqua9t$ ) bees1 ,i regret n be+ 9 possession ( ,gelieu's calculation ( ! av]age pr(its ( s+le & d\bl$ hives3 & ,i regret m especially1 t1 dur+ ! few ye>s my att5tion has be5 direct$ to ! managem5t ( bees1 ,i h be5 cont5t$ ) rem>k+ ! ?riv+ condition ( ! api>y1 )\t giv+ myself ! tr\ble to calculate ! exact am\nt ( its produce4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :o are accu/om$ to obs]ve & to take c>e ( bees1 w "k t ! :ole value ( ! hives dep5ds on ! sw>ms be+ l>ge & e>ly1 & w !re=e see at once ! advantages to be ga9$ by att5d+ to ,gelieu's directions4 ,! results ( my own exp]i5ce are1 9 o!r respects1 z foll[s4 ,i h tri$ hives ( v>i\s k9ds3 ^? ( ! common %ape1 made ( /raw2 ! /ill pretti] sort1 made ( sea-%ore b5t 7,arundo ar5>ia72 ! squ>e-/ori$ hive ( wood2 also ! ,hui% hives2 &1 consequ5tly1 h _h an opportunity ( assur+ myself t ! success ( ! api>y dep5ds nei!r on ! =m nor ! mat]ial1 b entirely on ! treatm5t ! bees meet )1 & t hives may be made1 ) equal success1 ( :atev] is mo/ easily obta9$ 9 ! di/rict !y are to be us$ 91 always provid$ !y are kept clean & are well manag$4 ,9 "s ( ! high valleys ( ! ,alps1 :]e /raw is n to be _h1 & :]e e blade ( grass is c>efully economiz$ = ! use ( ! cattle1 ! hives are m]ely r\gh blocks ( timb]1 sawn across ! /ems ( ! p9e tree1 & rudely scoop$ out to receive ! sw>ms3 ^! answ] ! purpose j z well z o!r hives2 & ! only or ! *ief diff]5ce1 is ! great] or less facilities :i* ea* af=ds = ! extraction ( ! combs2 an op]ation ( easy p]=mance 9 ! ,hui% hives1 :5 its inv5tor's directions are adh]$ to4 ,b1 9 ,switz]l&1 ! same process is accompli%$ )\t difficulty 9 hives ( any %ape or mat]ial1 by means ( a knife1 :i* is s simple 9 its con/ruction1 & s easily us$1 t x des]ves to be made g5]ally kn[n4 ,i !re=e subjo9 a figure1 ) a description & a note ( ! dim5sions1 f :i* x may be made by any c\ntry black-smi?4 ,illu/ration ,?is figure repres5ts ! %ape ( ! knife2 x is =m$ m]ely ( a slip ( iron1 ab\t two feet long by an eigh? ( an in* ?ick4 ,! two horizontal l9es a a %ew ! size & appe>ance ( ! h&le1 :i* is tw5ty in*es long by half an in* broad4 ,! turn$-d[n blade 7b71 ( two in*es 9 l5g?1 is spe>-po9t$1 %>p on ! edges1 & b5t p]p5dicul>ly f ! h&le4 ,! o!r blade 7c7 is two in*es long by "o & a half broad1 & %>p5$ all r\nd1 z m>k$ by ! d\ble black l9e4 ,! broad blade 7c7 cuts & sep>ates ! wax f ! sides ( ! hive1 & ! spe>-po9t 7b71 :i* is also %>p on ea* side1 admits1 f its direction & n>r[ness1 ( be+ introduc$ betwe5 ! combs1 to loos5 !m f ! top ( ! hive2 &1 = ! same reason1 x also answ]s ! purpose ( prun+ ! combs4 ,! honey-comb :i* is ?us extract$1 or :i* is obta9$ f ! capes1 is greatly sup]ior to t :i* is suff]$ to rema9 9 ! hives till ! autumn4 ,! wax is ?9 & transp>5t1 & ! honey1 be+ newly drawn f ! nect>ies1 is p>ticul>ly ri* & delici\s1 z x has n _h "t to lose ! fragrant & delicate flav\r ( ! "y fl[]s4 ,hui%1 x may be obs]v$1 gives v cle> directions = extract+ ! combs f ! hives t be> 8 "n2 he also recomm5ds ! unit+ ( sw>ms2 b ,i c\ld nev] obta9 8 in/ructions on ?is latt] po9t4 ,d\bt+ no?+ ( its practicability1 h[ev]1 ,i made ! exp]im5t1 b hav+ no guid+ pr9ciple to direct me1 x 0 l go+ to sea )\t a compass2 &1 9 consequ5ce1 my hopes 7 soon wreck$1 & ,i _h ! mis]y ( see+ ! :ole ( ! sw>m t ,i _h sav$ f suffocation1 spe$ily put to dea? by ! bees ( ! hive t ,i _h s ra%ly =c$ x to ent]4 ,! result1 h[ev]1 0 widely diff]5t :5 ,i made ! trial aga9 la/ autumn1 guid$ by ! directions conta9$ 9 ?is little volume1 = ,i accompli%$ ! union ( my sw>ms )\t difficulty--ev5 )\t previ\sly hav+ se5 x done1 & )\t hav+ receiv$ a s+le /+2 & ,i _h ?us ! pleasure ( witness+ my hopes cr[n$ ) complete success4 ,= ?is op]ation1 x is n necess>y ei!r to h ! c\rage ( a w>rior1 or ! intellig5ce & coolness ( a philosoph] l ,m4 de ,gelieu4 ,an ord9>y degree ( judgm5t to und]/& 8 directions1 & confid5ce en\gh implicitly to foll[ !m1 w enable any "o to p]=m x1 provid$ he sets ab\t x cauti\sly1 & takes c>e n to hurt ! bees1 or to h&le !m r\ghly4 ,i manag$ ,x1 ) ! assi/ance ( two p]sons1 )\t gloves1 or any %ield or %ad[ ( def5ce1 except a little tobacco-smoke1 involv+ u1 z x 71 )9 ! influ5ce ( a *>m$ atmosph]e1 t seem$ to /upify ! bees1 & r5d] _! /+ p[]less1 :ile x inspir$ u ) confid5ce to proce$4 ,i recomm5d x be+ done at fir/ by ?ree p]sons1 "o to manage ! hive & extract ! combs1 ano!r to sweep ! bees back g5tly ) a fea!r or goose-w+1 & a ?ird to manage ! fumigat+ bell[s2 or1 if ! fumigat+-bell[s are n at h&1 to bl[ occasional :iffs ( smoke f a tobacco-pipe4 ,:5 my fir/ clu/] ( bees 0 %ak5 out ( ! pillag$ hive ^u ! table-clo?1 ,i _h ! happ9ess ( see+ !m in/antly beg9 _! asc5t 7n on ! w+7 b 9 a regul> m>*4 ,x 0 a spectacle ( int5se int]e/4 ,!y ent]$ ! full hive z ord]ly & z peaceably z any body ( regul> troops ev] took possession ( a citadel2 & next day ! orig9al possessors & ! new settl]s1 7 se51 9 p]fect h>mony1 work+ toge!r = ! g5]al good4 ,b :e!r !y ?\ght prop] to kill a que5 = !mselves or n1 0 a fact t ,i _h no means to asc]ta94 ,?us enc\rag$ by my fir/ exp]im5t1 ,i proce$$ to ext5d x4 ,my :ole api>y consi/$ ( eight ,hui% hives1 isolat$ on s+le pill>s ( wood1 at ! di/ance ( ?ree feet f ea* o!r4 ,we empti$ ?ree m ( ! hives1 & jo9$ a sw>m to ea* ( ! rema9+ ?ree1 mak+ f\r d\bl$ /ock hives4 ,! g>d5] :o has ! c>e ( !m1 _h five hives ( 8 own1 ?ree ( :i* 7 depriv$ ( _! honey 9 ! same way1 & ! sw>ms jo9$ to ! rema9+ two1 :i* he _h kept z /ock hives2 & ,i am n[ enabl$ to /ate exactly ! quantity ( honey t ea* has consum$ f ,septemb] #ahbh1 to ! end ( ,m>* #ahbi4 ,no4 #a4 dim9i%$ #ab lb4 #b4 #i #c4 #ab #d4 #aa ,! ,g>d5]'s ,hives4 ,no4 #a4 ,a l>ge common hive #ag lb4 #b4 ,a ,hui% hive #ac ,x ought1 h[ev]1 to be m5tion$1 t my f\r hives got a p\nd & a half ( honey among !m1 9 ,febru>y2 b ^? belong+ to ! g>d5] got no fe$+4 ,! entrances ( all ( !m 7 left op5 dur+ ! w9t]1 & !re 7 n altoge!r above two doz5 dead bees f\nd on ! bo>ds1 :5 !y 7 lift$ to be weigh$4 ,! g>d5]'s hive4 ,no4 #b41 receiv$ two sw>ms 9 addition to its own2 & ?is alli$ army took possession j z peaceably z ! o!rs1 & actually consum$ less honey dur+ ! w9t] ?an ,no4 #a41 :i* 0 only d\bl$4 ,9 effect+ ! union1 ! citiz5s _h be5 pl5tifully regal$ ) a spr9kl+ ( liquid honey1 previ\s to ! introduction ( ! /rang]s2 & !re 7 z _m lusci\s drops ( ! banquet left1 z gave ! new com]s no disreli% to _! qu>t]s4 ,= "s ye>s pa/1 ,i h suff]$ no /icks to be put across ! inside ( any ( my hives1 z !y r5d] ! extraction ( ! combs impracticable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x may be "r to add1 9 conclusion1 t ,i h1 9 "o or two places1 slightly alt]$ ! text :]e ! mean+ seem$ obscure1 & :]e mi/akes might o!rwise h occurr$4 ,i ought1 p]haps1 to h translat$ ^! passages q lit]ally1 & to h correct$ !m 9 sep>ate notes2 b ignorance ( book-mak+ mu/ be my excuse4 ,,f9is4 ,p4 ,,neill1 ,,pr9t]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,m9or typos 7 correct$4