,,w9*e/] ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ,,& ,,arti/ ,,z 8,,w9*e/]0 ,,hamp%ire ,,conta9+ #ge ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,,"s ,,press ,,op9ions 8,au?or & arti/ h wor?ily comb9$ _! tal5t on a wor?y piece ( ,engl&40--,daily ,graphic4 8,r>ely1 if ev]1 h au?or & arti/ collaborat$ ) su* a happy result40--,ev5+ ,/&>d4 ,a4 ,,& ,c4 ,,black1 #d ,,soho ,,squ>e1 ,,london1 ,w4 ,,ag5ts ,,am]ica ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #fd #ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york ,,au/ralasia ,,! ,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press #bje ,,fl9d]s ,,lane1 ,,melb\rne ,,canada ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 #bg ,,ri*mond ,,/reet ,,we/1 ,,toronto ,,india ,,macmillan ,,company1 ,,ltd4 ,,macmillan ,,build+1 ,,bombay #cji ,,b[ ,,baza> ,,/reet1 ,,calcutta ,illu/ration3 ,,t[] ,,( ,,! ,,college ,,*apel1 ,,w9*e/] ,! graceful p9nacles ( #8,two ,w>d5s ,t[]1' z ! t[] ( ,college ,*apel is call$1 =ms a picturesque feature 9 all views ( ! s\!a/]n qu>t] ( ! city4 ,orig9ally built by ,w>d5 ,?urburn 9 #adhh1 x 0 rebuilt 9 #ahfc1 9 memory ( two well-kn[n lat] w>d5s1 ,b>t]1 ,w>d5 ( ,w9*e/]1 & ,williams1 ,w>d5 ( ,new4 ,! view is tak5 f ne> ,:>f ,bridge4 ,,w9*e/] ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,,wilfrid ,,ball1 ,r4,e4 ,,describ$ ,,by ,,rev4 ,,tel=d ,,v>ley1 ,m4,a41 ,b4,sc4 ,illu/ration3 colophon ,,london ,,adam ,,& ,,*>les ,,black #aiaj ,preface ,! foll[+ volume treats 9 some:at full] detail ! ,w9*e/] sections ( ! l>g] "w on ,hamp%ire publi%$ la/ ye> "u simil> auspices4 ,:]e mu* ( ! gr\nd trav]s$ is id5tical mu* has be5 necess>ily repeat$1 & a consid]able portion ( :at foll[s is little m ?an an amplification ( :at has be5 already dealt ) 9 ! e>li] volume4 ,! pres5t "w 9 no way aims at be+ a hi/ory1 ?\gh mu* ( x is ca/ into a hi/orical m\ld4 ,/ill less is x a guide-book4 ,its aim has be5 selective1 & x makes no pret5ce to complet5ess4 ,9 foll[+ out "s ( ! num]\s av5ues ( ,w9*e/] int]e/1 :i* seem to op5 out cont9ually 9 fre% & unsuspect$ directions z soon z "o comm5ces to w&] ?r\gh h] conf9es1 _m h receiv$ b a cursory exam9ation1 & _m m h be5 entirely ignor$4 ,! au?or c only hope 8 read]s w be able to accompany him ) pleasurable int]e/ along ^? :i* incl9ation & circum/ance h l$ him to explore4 ,! au?orities consult$ h be5 num]\s1 & f ! foll[+ publi%$ s\rces ( in=mation1 z well z _m o!rs1 valuable in=mation has be5 obta9$3-- ,b$e1 ,! ,engli% ,*ronicle1 ,! ,w9ton ,domesday1 ,! ,lib] de ,hyda1 ,rudborne's ,major ,hi/oria ,w9toniae1 v>i\s ( ! ,annales ,mona/ici1 ! valuable hi/orical docum5ts publi%$ "s "t back by ! ,hamp%ire ,record ,society1 ,miln]'s ,hi/ory1 ,mr4 ,kirby's & ,mr4 ,lea*'s volumes on ,w9*e/] ,college1 ,dean ,kit*9's ,w9*e/] 9 ! ,hi/oric ,t[ns ,s]ies1 & ,adams's ,wykehamica4 ,! au?or regrets t1 ?r\gh a lapsus calami1 ! title ( ,bram/on & ,l]oy's ,hi/oric ,w9*e/] 0 misappli$ 9 ! ,hamp%ire volume to ,dr4 ,kit*9's book4 ,= ?is error he "h apologises4 ,f9ally1 ! au?or wi%es "h to express 8 ?anks to _m fri5ds :o 9 v>i\s ways h assi/$ him 9 :at has be5 to him a mo/ pleasant task1 viz41 t ( s]v+ 9 "s degree1 ?\gh b inadequately1 z *ronicl] to 8 adopt$ city4 ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,w9*e/]1 ,june #aiaj4 ,cont5ts ,,page ,,*apt] ,i #8,,wynge/]1 ,,t ,,joly ,,cit' #a ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,e>ly ,,days #aj ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,roman ,,occupation #ae ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,saxon ,,w9*e/] #bj ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,capital ,,( ,,engl& #bf ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,alfr$ #cd ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,alfr$',s ,,dea? ,,& ,,sixty ,,ye>s ,,aft] #dc ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,!lwold1 ,,sa9t ,,& ,,bi%op #di ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,capital ,,( ,,! ,,dani% ,,empire #ei ,,*apt] ,x ,,norman ,,w9*e/] #gc ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,lat] ,,norman ,,days #hg ,,*apt] ,,xii ,a ,,great ,,bi%op1 ,,h5ry ,,( ,,blois #ajj ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,angev9 ,,& ,,plantag5et #aji ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,f\rte5? ,,& ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury ,,w9*e/] #aag ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,mona/ic ,,life #acj ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,! ,,ca!dral #adf ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,college #aeh ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,wolvesey--,,/4 ,,cross--,,! ,,ca/le ,,hall--,,! ,,r\nd ,,table #afh ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,w9*e/] ,,9 ,,lit]ature #aha ,,index #aig ,li/ ( ,illu/rations ,,fac+ ,,page #a4 ,t[] ( ! ,college ,*apel1 ,w9*e/] ,frontispiece #b4 ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,hill1 ,w9*e/] #i #c4 ,%aw=d ,mill #af #d4 ,! ,weirs1 ,w9*e/] #be #e4 ,hamble #cb #f4 ,at ,it*5 ,abbas #da #g4 ,high ,/reet1 ,w9*e/] #dh #h4 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,*eesehill1 ,w9*e/] #eg #i4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,cross #fd #aj4 ,k+'s ,gate1 ,w9*e/] #gc #aa4 ,m>tyr ,wor?y #hj #ab4 ,wat]spla% at ,it*5 ,/oke #hi #ac4 ,ea/on #if #ad4 ,! ,dean]y1 ,w9*e/] #aje #ae4 ,*eyney ,c\rt & ,close ,gate1 ,w9*e/] #aab #af4 ,bre:\se1 ,w9*e/] ,college #aba #ag4 ,middle ,gate1 ,w9*e/] ,college #abh #ah4 ,cloi/]s & ,fromond's ,*antry1 ,w9*e/] ,college #acg #ai4 ,memorial ,gateway1 ,w9*e/] ,college #add #bj4 ,second ,ma/]'s ,h\se1 ,w9*e/] ,college #aec #ba4 ,t[] ( ,ambulatory1 ,hospital ( ,/4 ,cross1 ,w9*e/] #afj #bb4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,w9*e/] #afi #bc4 ,hursley ,vic>age #agf #bd4 ,w9*e/] f ,/4 ,giles's ,hill #ahd ,,w9*e/] ,,*apt] ,i #8,,wynge/]1 ,,t ,,joly ,,cit' ,me lyke? ev]1 ! l5g] ! bet1 ,by ,wynge/]1 t ,joly cit4 ,! ton is god & wel y-set1 ,! folk is comely on to see2 ,! ai] is god bo? inne & oute1 ,! cit /5t "u an hille2 ,! riv]s r5ne? all ab\te1 ,! ton is rueld ^u skille4 ,b5$icamus ,dom9o1 ,alleluia1 ,alleluia4 ,fifte5?-c5tury v]ses1 ,,de ,,wald5 ,,mss4 ,! magic ( ! city--:5ce comes x8 ,e p1 e age has felt x1 ?is my/]i\s s5se ( p]sonality1 ?is deep1 allur+ spell :i* age aft] age1 nation aft] nation1 has wov5 r\nd ! city ( its dreams4 ,rome1 ,naples1 ,damascus1 ,mecca1 ,seville1 ea* ( ^! has be5 & /ill is a "n to conjure )1 :ile ! long p5t-up f]v\r ( national feel+ ) :i* ! ,hebrew ( old "t inve/$ ! ?\ght ( ,salem1 ! ,city ( ,peace1 has f its v int5sity & s9c]ity e/abli%$ x 9 ! eyes ( all ,*ri/5dom z ! p]man5t type ( t ,new ,j]usalem1 ! ,heav5ly ,city1 ! c5tre ( all div9e influ5ce & ( e div9e appeal4 ,& "h 9 ,engl&1 dull1 matt]-(-fact1 money-grubb+ ,engl&1 h we n too1 "u our lead5 skies1 cities also n unwor?y ( a claim on our reg>d--cities :i* possess ! same picturesque & appeal+ elem5ts :i* h1 9 p ( w>m] & m emotional type1 evok$ su* feel+s ( romantic devotion1 ( national pride1 & ! ri* gl[ ( en?usia/ic atta*m5t8 ,true1 su* feel+s express !mselves "h 9 less exub]ant & consci\s mann]1 b !y exi/1 & h exi/$ all ?r\gh our hi/ory1 & ! old fifte5?-c5tury s+] quot$ above1 ^: qua9tly expressive v]ses sum up s happily ev5 = u ( mod]n "t ! attractions ( ! delightful old m$iaeval city :i* is our common !me1 0 d\btless "o :o felt ?is to ! full4 #8,wynge/]1 t ,joly cit1' t is 8 keynote--a note at once s9c]e b re/ra9$4 ,he is no pilgrim1 rapt 9 en?usia/ic devotion1 s++ ( urbs caele/is1 urbs beata1 z he approa*es ! city ( 8 passionate desire2 b a pla91 sob]-m9d$ citiz51 :o sees 9 ! t[n :i* %elt]s him a #8,joly cit' ( attractive aspect & pleasantly seat$1 surr\nd$ by ! m+l$ delights ( hill & /ream2 &1 moreov]1 "o #8rueld ^u skille1' z becomes ! "m ( municipalities4 ,& to lov]s ( ,w9*e/]--& :o t kn[s x is n ( ^!8--x mu/ ev] be a pleasant task to foll[ out 9 detail ! !mes sugge/$ by our m$iaeval s+]--to enjoy "o by "o ^? attractive features :i* ende> x /ill to u1 z x did to him4 ,to clamb] up ! breezy heights :i* gird x r\nd1 = ! sake ( ! #8ai]'--t air :i*1 z ! poet ,keats himself rem>k$1 is alone wor? 8,sixp5ce a p9t02 to trace ! w9d+s ( ! #8riv]s r5n+ all ab\te'--bo? )9 its conf9es & beyond2 to l+] 9 its /reets & cat* ! e*oes ( its wond]ful pa/1 ) ev5 m appreciation ?an our fifte5?-c5tury poet 0 capable ( feel+4 ,= our s+]1 s9c]ely appreciative z he 01 _h "o s5se lack+--! s5se ( hi/ory4 ,! pres5t only appeal$ to him2 b to u1 z we ?read its qua9tly-inconv5i5t1 n>r[ /reets1 its passages & gateways1 x is some?+ m ?an m]ely a #8,joly cit1' a city ( com=t & good rule2 x is a city ( dreams z well1 a city haunt$ ) ! s5se ( a mighty pa/1 a liv+ te/imony alike to ! p]man5ce ( our national in/itutions & to ! dignity ( ! associations to :i* !y make appeal4 ,w9*e/]1 !n1 is a city ) an atmosph]e--an atmosph]e ( ! reality & range ( hi/oric ?+s1 ?r\gh :i* ! gaz+ eye c pe]1 mile aft] mile z x 71 till x loses itself 9 a vaguely di/ant & indi/9ct horizon1 :]e ! mi/s ( my? & leg5d blur ! outl9e & m+le inextricably toge!r fact & fancy1 record & surmise4 ,= 9 ,w9*e/] antique tradition & hi/oric association are n a m]e adjunct or picturesque accid5t3 !y are ! keynote ( its v exi/5ce4 ,9 ,w9*e/] we /& on ! ?re%old ( national hi/ory2 "h we may1 z x 71 /udy hi/ory 9 situ1 z p]haps we c /udy x n[h]e else 9 ! l&--9 ! soil b5ea? our feet1 9 its /ones1 its in/itutions1 its qua9t survivals ( e>ly or m$iaeval1 ,tudor or ,/u>t days4 ,:]e else b 9 ,w9*e/] c we meet ) s _m picturesque rem9d]s ( an anci5t feudal pa/1--rem9d]s :i* h surviv$ n because !y are m]ely picturesque1 b simply because "h !y h n outliv$ _! usefulness or natural appropriat5ess8 ,! ,ca!dral b$esm51 ! bre?r5 ( ,/4 ,cross1 ! s*ol>s ( #8,sa9te ,m>ie ,college1' ! almsm5 ( ,beau=t's ,ord] ( ,noble ,pov]ty1 ! bre?r5 ( ,*ri/e's ,hospitall1 ! ma/]s ( ! ,college1 & ! college qu]i/]s also1 ! ecclesia/ical dignit>ies ( ! diocese ) _! qua9tly uncom=table attire1--ea* & all ( ^! we> _! di/9ctive g>b z a matt] ( c\rse1 j z c5turies ago e "o wore ! g>b di/9ctive ( 8 rank or occupation4 ,any:]e else "o ( ^! might excite rem>k3 "h !y pass unnotic$4 ,!y are "p ( ! place1 "p ( ! _s ( ! pa/1 :i*1 dead else:]e1 "h survives 9 vig\r & undim9i%$ vitality4 ,"h 0 ! cradle ( ,saxon rule & ,saxon civilization2 "h also ! cradle ( national hi/orical record4 ,"h ,saxon ,alfr$ rul$ & pray$ & wr\ght2 "h ,dani% ,cnut took ! gold5 cr[n f 8 br[ & laid x 9 tok5 ( humility ^u ! ,holy ,alt>2 "h ,norman ,william wore 8 cr[n ye>ly at ,ea/]-tide2 "h ,curfew fir/ 0 peal$1 & "h ev] s9ce x has cont9u$ to peal2 "h ,rufus 0 buri$1 8_m look+ on & few griev+02 "h ,h5ry ,i4 rul$ & e>n$ ! title ( ! #8,lion ( ,ju/ice'2 "h ,matilda f\ght ) ,/eph5 9 ! d>k days ( civil w>f>e2 "h ,john receiv$ ! papal absolution1 hav+ sunk ! ,engli% cr[n to a l[] dep? ?an any o!r sov]eign ei!r w\ld or c\ld h done2 "h ,h5ry ,,iii4 0 born1 & "h he held wild revel2 "h lat] on 0 f\nd$ ! great college ( ,william ( ,wykeham1 ^: motto--8,mann]s maky? man0--has s]v$ z an inspiration = g5]ations ( public s*ool boys = ov] #ejj ye>s2 "h ,h5ry ,,viii4 welcom$ & ft$ ! puissant ,emp]or & second ,*>lemagne1 ,*>les ,v42 "h 8 daught] ,m>y 0 m>ri$ to a ,spani% pr9ce2 "h ,james ,i4 kept 8 ,c\rt1 & "h ,raleigh receiv$ 8 %ameful condemnation & s5t5ce2 "h1 ) alt]nate =tune1 ,cavali] & ,r\ndhead /rove toge!r1 till ,cromwell himself captur$ its citadel & raz$ its =tifications to ! gr\nd2 "h ,*>les ,,ii4 repeat$ly kept 8 ,c\rt2 "h he pres5t$ ! ,corporation ) 8 own portrait1 & x may ev5 be1 left ! citiz5s to pay = ! gift--= ! ,m]ry ,mon>* 0 (t5 =getful1 & always %ort ( money2 "h 0 p]petrat$ ! mo/ infam\s1 p]haps1 ( all ! crimes ( ! t]rible ,bloody ,assize1 ! judicial murd] ( ,dame ,alice ,lisle = an act ( natural humanity2 "h di$ & "h 0 laid to re/ t mo/ *>m+ & natural ( wom5 noveli/s1 ! bright & vivaci\s ,jane ,au/54 ,yes1 if a poet c\ld d = ,w9*e/] :at ,longfell[ did = ,bruges1 & c\ld conjure up ! sc5es ( ! pa/ & ! p]sonages ^: memories /ill l+] "h1 :at a r>e s]ies ( absorb+ pictures1 :at a m$ley ( hi/oric p]sonalities1 :at a weal? ( v>i$ types %\ld we see embodi$ be=e our eyes6 ,rude ,belgic tribesm5 ( pre-,roman days1 ,roman legion>ies1 r\gh1 wild ,b]s]k]s & ,dani% vik+s1 ,saxon !gns & ,norman knights1 abbots & priors1 m]*ants & gildsm51 fri>s & pilgrims1--^! & _m m w\ld cont5d = our notice1 m+l$ ) k+s & que5s1 prelates & *ancellors1 bi%ops & c>d9als4 ,if hi/orical memories c sanctify any spot 9 ! realm1 surely ,w9*e/] mu/ be sacr$ soil4 ,to sep>ate ,w9*e/] f ! hi/ory :i* is en%r9$ )9 h] is a ?+ impossible & un?9kable4 ,x is 9 ! light ( h] hi/oric pa/ alone t ,w9*e/] c be rightly view$2 & attractive & fair z are h] build+s & h] natural surr\nd+s1 x is only 9 _! hi/orical sett+ t !y c be adequately appreciat$4 ,let u1 be=e we set foot )9 any ( h] /reets1 endeav\r to get "s g5]al m5tal picture ( ! city 9 :i* s _m associations are c5tr$ & en%r9$2 let u take our /& on ! bold hill :i* dom9ates ! city t[>ds ! ea/1 ,/4 ,giles's ,hill4 ,_h we m\nt$ up "h on ! #a/ ( ,septemb]--! fea/ ( ,/4 ,egidius--"s six or sev5 c5turies ago1 x w\ld h be5 a busy & motley ?rong t we %\ld h _h to elb[ our way ?r\gh4 ,engli%m5 f e c\nty1 =eign]s f e l&--,fr5*m51 ,g]mans1 ,poles1 & ,jews--all m+l$ toge!r 9 hopeless confusion4 ,a city 9 m9iature--/reet aft] /reet ( wood5 boo?s1 all enclos$ 9 a wood5 wall or palisade--w\ld meet ! eye4 ,& ! inhabitants6 ,:at v>i$ types %\ld we see--m]*ants & *apm51 citiz5s & c\ntrym51 p$l>s & ballad-mong]s1 all eag] & excit$1 b>ga9+1 je/+1 qu>rell+--a babel ( tongues1 peoples1 & languages2 :ile "h & !re a bailiff or (fic] we>+ a bi%op's mitre figur$ on 8 liv]y passes along & scrut9izes ! m]*&ise4 ,no fri5dly reception does he meet )1 = ?is is ! ,great ,fair held 9 hon\r ( ,/4 ,giles1 :]e m]*ants f all p>ts ( ,europe congregate to buy ! wool = :i* ! s\? ( ,engl& is s fam\s1 & dur+ ! sixte5 days t ! fair la/s no m]*ant or %opman 9 ,w9*e/]1 or t5 miles r\nd1 may buy or sell except )9 ! fair itself1 & :oev] is a welcome & popul> figure1 x is n ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/] nor ! bi%op's bailiff1 = all m]*&ise mu/ fir/ pay toll--& heavy toll--= ! bi%op's exclusive b5efit1 be=e x may pass )9 ! b>ri]s1 & be expos$ = sale4 ,b to-day x w be ! city1 ly+ at our feet to ! we/w>d1 :i* w int]e/ u1 & !re w be no?+ on ! hill to turn our att5tion f x z we note its *ief po9ts "o by "o4 ,x is a beautiful picture ( m+l$ r$ & grey t lies be=e u4 ,! ,ca!dral--a mass ( grey /one--"h pres5ts its mo/ int]e/+ aspect to u3 a mass ( grey /one set ) p9nacles & fly+ buttresses & heavy squ>e t[]4 ,to its left lies ! ,college1 hidd5 p>tly beh9d ! trees ( ! ,close & ! ,dean]y g>d51 ! light1 graceful #8,two ,w>d5s' t[] ( its *apel contra/+ /rik+ly ) ! solid t[] ( ! ,ca!dral--a noticeable & attractive object4 ,almo/ betwe5 ! two lies a gre5 pat* ( mead[1 ) grey walls & ru9s r\nd x4 ,?is is ,wolvesey1 ) its memories ( ,alfr$ & ! ,engli% ,*ronicle4 ,beyond ,wolvesey & ! ,college we %all see ,/4 ,cross1 l ! ,ca!dral 9 outw>d =m1 b a ca!dral 9 m9iature4 ,close at our feet 9 ! =egr\nd lie ! ,guildhall1 ) its clock1 & ! /atue ( ! great ,alfr$1 & ! l9e ( ! ,high ,/reet c be cle>ly foll[$ till x t]m9ates ) ! ,we/ ,gate at its f> extremity4 ,on ei!r side ( ! city are se5 ! _m *annels ( ! riv] ,it*5--"h & !re rises ! t[] or spire ( "o ( ! num]\s city *ur*es--& f> away on ! high gr\nd to ! left appe>s a clump ( trees :i*1 "u ! "n ( #8,oliv]'s ,batt]y1' recalls ! ?\ght ( ! grim ,"l ,protector to u4 ,x is a pleasant &1 inde$1 poetic picture at any p]iod ( ! ye>1 & p]haps mo/ poetic on an aft]noon 9 late autumn1 :5 ! ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,ca!r9e',s ,,hill1 ,,w9*e/] ,! f9e bold *alk hill :i* dom9ates ! riv] valley to ! ,s\? ( ,w9*e/]1 has memories ( e>ly ,celtic days1 ( ,cnut1 & ( ! anci5 rgime at ,w9*e/] ,college4 ,r\nd its summit is ! #8r+' ( ! great refuge camp ( pr-,roman days :i* x is e/imat$ requir$ "s #cjjj p to def5d x4 ,cnut made a grant ( #8,hille' & o!r l&s to ! old m9/]4 ,on ! summit !re 0 once a pilgrimage *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,ca!r9e4 ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,hill 0 =m]ly ! play+ area = ,college boys on #8rem$ies' or holidays1 & ! curi\s #8mismaze' cut on its summit is suppos$ to h be5 _! h&iwork4 light smoke f ! h\ses & ! ?9 mi/s f ! riv] h m+l$ toge!r to weave a silv]y grey network1 ?r\gh :i* ! details ( ! city seem1 z x 71 to filt] sl[ly & dreamily--a h>mony ( haze & mi/1 to :i* ! imag9ation c mo/ sympa!tically attune itself1 a vague dreaml& sc5e :i* fancy seems almo/ naturally to repeople ) ! %ad[s ( ! pa/4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,e>ly ,,days ,et p5itus toto orbe divisos ,britannos4 ,antiquity & long-cont9u$ vitality su* z h fall5 to ,w9*e/]--= to g back to its e>ly humble beg9n+s takes u back v f> inde$--lead u naturally to look = causes1 & prompt ! que/ions1 ,:y1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 did a human community settle "h at all8 ,:at ?r\gh s _m alt]nations ( human vicissitude & political circum/ance has op]at$ to ma9ta9 ^! intact8 ,tempus edax r]um--,"t1 ! dev\r] ( con/itut$ ?+s1 is writt5 n s mu* on its /ones1 z 9 its /ones1 yet ,w9*e/] rema9s ,w9*e/] /ill4 ,=1 be x not$1 !re is no?+ 9 ! nature ( ?+s :i* gives to cities & communities any prescriptive claim or assurance ( p]man5ce4 ,we h n1 inde$1 to travel f> f ,w9*e/] to f9d in/ructive in/ances1 to ! v contr>y1 among its e>lie/ neighb\rs & contempor>ies4 ,sil*e/]1 ,s>um1 ,port*e/]1 its e>ly ,briti% contempor>ies1 :i* once fl\ri%$ ev5 z ,w9*e/]1 h long s9ce sunk1 ! la/ nam$ into inanition1 ! two =m] into dissolution s complete t no trace n[ rema9s1 save :at little ! pl\gh%>e or ! antiqu>y may f "t to "t une>?2 & t little w\ld probably1 b = ! worms' unceas+ activity1 h long s9ce p]i%$ beyond recall4 ,= ) cities1 z ) ! animal _w1 ! secret ( cont9u$ vig\r is ! secret ( cont9u$ adaptation to environm5t2 t[ns & cities1 l o!r organiz$ exi/5ces1 are j z old z ! art]ies :i* fe$ !m1 & z long z function is effici5tly p]=m$1 s long w !re be heal? to p]=m x4 ,& yet z ye>s g1 ,w9*e/] is old1--h[ old none c say4 ,anci5t ,neoli?ic int]m5ts on ,/4 ,giles's ,hill1 old ,celtic b>r[s on ,morne 7,magdal57 ,hill beh9d1 c>ry u back f> inde$ beyond ! days ( p]man5t settlem5t1 & h] cont9u\s exi/5ce goes back f> beyond ! days ( any writt5 hi/orical record1 yet all ^! ye>s %e has reta9$ h] id5tity & h] vig\r unimpair$4 ,:at physical causes h contribut$ to ?is we %all p]haps be bett] able to appreciate if we quit ,/4 ,giles's ,hill & clamb] up to ! top ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,hill1 ! bold *alk hill :i* dom9ates ! view s\?w>d f ! city4 ,an int]e/+ hill x is1 ) mod]n associations :i* we w n /op to consid] n[1 b turn our ?\ghts to ! view be=e u4 ,bel[ u is a flat-bottom$ valley1 a mile or two across1 ) ! num]\s w9d+ *annels ( ! riv] int]sect+ ! wat] mead[s at our feet4 ,to our nor? lies ! city1 se5 f ?is po9t to excell5t advantage1 occupy+ ! flat ( ! valley1 & creep+ up ! hill slopes on ei!r side1 :ile f> away 9 ! di/ance ! *alk upl& seems to roll away1 ridge succe$+ ridge1 till all detail is lo/ 9 di/ance4 ,two ?\s& ye>s or m ago1 ! c\ntry :i* we are n[ gaz+ ov] w\ld h borne a fundam5tally diff]5t "*1 ?\gh its sup]ficial aspect1 view$ f ?is po9t1 might n1 ap>t f signs ( human ag5cy1 h be5 s v dissimil>4 ,= at t "t practically ! :ole ( ! s\? ( ,engl&1 ?r\gh all ! l[] levels1 0 a wild /ret* ( brake & =e/ all b imp5etrable1 ! haunt ( wolf & wild bo>1 ( beav] & badg]1 alt]nat+ at ! l[e/ po9ts ) swamps & morasses1 :i* =m$ ! b$s ( ! valleys1 & ei!r fr+$ ! edges ( ! /reams or m+l$ compos$ly ) !m4 ,?is 0 ! great ,weald ,=e/1 ( :i* a few deta*$ pat*es /ill rema9--a tangl$ sea ( gre51 b5ea? :i* all lay subm]g$ save ! *alk heights1 ! ,nor? & ,s\? ,d[ns1 ,salisbury ,pla91 & ! mid ,hamp%ire plateau ov] :i* we are n[ look+4 ,at "o spot1 & practically "o spot only1 0 ?is =e/ b>ri] brok51 & t 0 9 mid ,hamp%ire1 :]e ! great e/u>y ( ,s\?ampton ,wat] & ! ,vale ( ,it*5 pi]c$ x l a w$ge1 & gave fairly free access f ! coa/ to ! ri* midl& c\nties to ! nor?4 ,& s up or by ?is natural highway ! /ream ( immigration f ! s\? fl[$4 ,celtic peoples f ! nor? ( ,europe1 ,goidels1 ,bry?ons1 ,belgans1--all 9 turn came ?is way1 & "h x 01 :]e ! ,vale ( ,it*5 n>r[$1 t a settl$ community began to =m--a ganglionic po9t1 z all su* communities are1 along ! n]v\s ?read ( int]c\rse & communication4 ,d[n !n 9 ! valley at our feet1 on ! actual gr\nd :]e our city n[ /&s1 amid ! morasses :]e9 peat ab\nd$1 & :]e ev5 n[ x may /ill be f\nd1 0 ! fir/ settlem5t or village ( ,w9*e/]--a collection ( rude hovels1 ( wattle-"w cov]$ ) mud1 & /ockad$ ) a /\t timb] palisad+ z additional protection1 :ile ! hill-top1 :]e we n[ /&1 0 conv]t$ into a =tress or refuge-camp1 to all appe>ance impregnable1 s long z he>t & h& /ill exi/$ to def5d x4 ,( ! village bel[ all trace has long vani%$1 b ! l9es ( ! e>?work r\nd ! hill rema9 /ill broadly sc>p$ out1 & seem+ly imp]i%able4 ,no mean a*ievem5t ?is--?is great ramp>t ov] #ajjj y>ds 9 circuit1 & /ill #be feet or m 9 height 9 places2 & :5 ! feebl5ess ( ! res\rces ) :i* ^? e>ly ,celtic sapp]s & m9]s work$ is borne 9 m9d1 ! uns]viceable pick ( de] antl]1 ! abs5ce ( means ( transport1 we wond] m & m at ! magnitude ( ! a*ievem5t :i* has _h su* p]man5t result4 ,!y dreamt n ( a p]i%able home1 :o ?us c\ld build1 & to-day1 ?\gh two1 p]haps ?ree1 ?\s& ye>s h pass$ s9ce x fir/ gave security to ! primitive ,w9*e/] settlem5t bel[1 ! great camp /ill rema9s1 keep+ wat* ov] ! mod]n city l a s5t9el =gott51 b /ill "u ord]s1 :om no *ange ( gu>d has reliev$4 ,"o o!r inh]itance1 besides ^! pil$-up ramp>ts1 ^! fir/ ,w9*e/] burgh]s h left u1 & t is a "n4 ,cr ,gw5t1 ! ,celtic "n1 fir/ ,romaniz$ into ,v5ta ,belg>um1 pass$ 9 ,saxon days into ,v9tan-cea/ir1 or ,v5ta ! =tifi$1 & s on by a natural transition has become ! ,w9*e/] ( to-day4 ,:at ! "n means is a v5]able antiqu>ian puzzle1 on :i* we pref] to haz>d no op9ion1 nor inde$ does x greatly matt]4 ,! "n1 l ! city itself1 is v5]able 9 antiquity1 & its orig91 l t ( ! city itself1 is lo/ 9 ! mi/s ( ! pa/4 ,& z we look r\nd ab\t u f ?is hill-top1 & direct our eye up & d[n ?is valley1 we beg9 to realize :at x is t has made ,w9*e/] :at x has be5 9 ! pa/1 & :at x is n[3 n m]ely ! accid5t ( circum/ance1 ! flotsam & jetsam ( human migratory tribes1 float$ =tuit\sly hi!r on ! tidal wat]s ( our s\!rn e/u>ies & "h casually deposit$1 b a natural c5tre 9 a great cont9u\s /ream ( humanity1 9 :i* ,celt & ,belgan1 ,roman1 ,saxon1 ,dane1 & ,norman h all pu%$ =w>d1 ea* eag] to be> 8 "p 9 ! build+ ( t great national polity1 ! ,engl& ( to-day4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,roman ,,occupation ,f\rsqu>e to all ! w9ds4 ,! "p play$ by physical causes1 outl9$ above1 is illu/rat$ by ! successive /ages 9 ! ,roman occupation4 ,! two fir/ invasions by ,julius ,caes> 7 little m ?an desultory raids2 ! next1 "u ,aulus ,plautius & ,vespasian 9 ,a4,d4 #dc1 _h important & p]man5t results4 ,pev5sey 7,&]ida71 ,port*e/] 7,portus ,magnus71 & ,s\?ampton 7,claus5tum7 7 all occupi$ 9 turn2 up ! ,it*5 valley ! invad]s came1 & its /rategic position made !m *oose ,v5ta ,belg>um z _! milit>y base 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&4 ,hi/ory is sil5t z to ! actual occupation ( ,v5ta1 b ,b$e & o!rs m5tion ! occupation ( ! ,isle ( ,wight1 & ! sil5ce ( ,roman writ]s on ?is po9t m]ely makes x cle> t little resi/ance 0 enc\nt]$ "h4 ,nor does ,roman lit]ature give u any acc\nt ( ,v5ta2 ! only m5tion ( x is 9 ! ,anton9e ,it9]>ies1 ! great road-book ( ! ,roman ,empire1 dat+ probably f ab\t #cbj ,a4,d42 b its importance 9 ,roman days is to be inf]r$ f ! rema9s ! ,romans h left beh9d1 z well z f ,b$e & o!r indirect evid5ce4 ,no ,roman /ructure1 except1 p]haps1 "s "p ( ! anci5t wall /ill exi/+1 rema9s above gr\nd n[1 b ! site ( ! city1 z m>k$ out by ! ,romans1 /ill rema9s cle>ly %[n1 & ! spade & pick-axe are cont9ually br++ to light evid5ces ( :at ,w9*e/] 0 l 9 ,roman days4 ,! ,roman city =m$ a rectangle align$ almo/ exactly ) ! f\r po9ts ( ! compass4 ,int]sect+ x f nor? to s\? 0 ! great highway lead+ to ,claus5tum1 & ano!r road1 practically correspond+ to ! pres5t ,high ,/reet1 cross$ ?is at "r angles1 divid+ ! :ole area ( ! city into f\r rectangul> blocks or tess]ae4 ,all r\nd ?is area 0 a wall ( /\t masonry1 ) gates at ! f\r po9ts :]e ! two ma9 highways pi]c$ x2 ^u ! same l9es 7 re>$ lat] ! walls ( ! ,norman city1 & _! g5]al direction is cle>ly traceable n[4 ,a walk along ,we/gate ,lane1 ,nor? walls1 ,ea/gate ,/reet1 ! ,weirs 7:]e portions ( ! anci5t wall may /ill be se571 ,college ,/reet1 ,canon ,/reet1 & ,/4 ,james's ,lane1 w\ld practically c>ry u r\nd ! circuit ( ! ,roman z x w\ld ( ! lat] m$iaeval city4 ,! temples ( ! gods occupi$ ! s\?-ea/]n area :]e ! ,ca!dral n[ /&s1 & a well 9 ! ,ca!dral crypt is po9t$ out to visitors z hav+ ,illu/ration3 ,,%aw=d ,,mill ,%aw=d ,mill1 ne> ,%aw=d4 ,! riv] *annels "h are fr+$ 9 summ]-"t ) mimulus1 yell[ iris1 & =get-me-n1 & are delightful to ramble along4 be5 connect$ ) hea!n wor%ip 9 ,roman times4 ,num]\s pieces ( tesselat$ pavem5t1 vases1 urns1 & votive objects g5]ally1 articles ( adornm5t1 = h\sehold use & ! toilet1 are frequ5tly f\nd ev5 /ill1 m+l$ ) innum]able co9s & relics ( a milit>y nature4 ,m important /ill are ! ,roman roads :i* l$ f ,w9*e/]1 ! r\tes ( :i* are /ill unmi/akable1 & :i* rema9 ! great endur+ monum5t bo? ( ! ,roman occupation & ( ! ,roman civiliz+ in/9ct4 ,inde$1 ! *ief s]vice ! ,roman occupation did = ,w9*e/] 0 to br+ x into effective contact ) ! re/ ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ,belgic tribesm5 _h no common organization or polity2 a numb] ( scatt]$ & incoh]5t units l9k$ toge!r m]ely by ! accid5t ( position1 & a m or less common racial desc5t1 !y resembl$ "o ( ! l[] animal =ms1 n possess+ a common n]ve c5tre1 b controll$ by local ganglia & respond+ m]ely to local /imuli4 ,! ,roman g5ius 0 to l9k up ! :ole l& into "o unit$ organism & to supply a n]v\s & art]ial sy/em regulat$ by c5tral control4 ,law & ,ord] 7 ! great lessons x taught ! _w1 & op5 & secure l9es ( communication 7 ! necess>y prelim9>y ( ! ,pax ,romana4 ,no succe$+ age save our own has s fully recogniz$ ! value ( good & effective road communication4 ,our mod]n roads & tracks v (t5 m]ely foll[ r\tes fir/ m>k$ out by ,roman h&s1 & ! common occurr5ce ( ! title #8,high ,/reet1' g5]ally appli$ to ! lead+ ?or\ghf>e ( t[n or village1 is a con/ant rem9d] to u ( ! debt we owe to ! ,romans4 ,radiat+ f ,v5ta ,belg>um 7 no less ?an five ?or\ghf>es1 ( :i* f\r 7 und\bt$ly important art]ies4 ,! fir/ l$ to ! sea1 to ,claus5tum1 ! port4 ,x foll[$ ! l9e ( ! exi/+ ,s\?ampton road z f> z ,ott]b\rne1 & !n /raight on ?r\gh ,/oneham 7! ad ,lapidem ( ,b$e7 to ,claus5tum4 ,?is road pass$ /raight ?r\gh ! city f s\? to nor?1 & f ! nor!rn gate ( ! city x bran*$ (f into two1 "o go+ nor?-ea/1 along ! exi/+ ,bas+/oke road to ,sil*e/] 7,calleva ,attrebatum71 ! o!r nor?-we/1 foll[+ ! l9e ( ! exi/+ ,&ov] road to ,cir5ce/] 7,durocornovium74 ,bo? ^! roads c be /ill trac$ = a di/ance ( a good _m miles f ,w9*e/]4 ,! f\r? l$ directly we/ to ,s>um1 & c /ill be foll[$ z a well-def9$ track all ! way4 ,! fif? l$ to ,port*e/] 7,portus ,magnus7 ov] ,deacon ,hill1 & ?r\gh ,more/ead1 b ) ! exception ( ! fir/ few miles all trace ( x is n[ lo/4 ,details ( "s ( ^! roads z giv5 9 ! ,anton9e ,it9]>y already m5tion$ are quot$ bel[1 & ! names ( ! /ations & _! di/ances ap>t are ( m ?an usual int]e/1 p>ticul>ly f ! assi/ance !y give u z reg>ds id5tification ( ! ,roman sites4 ,lond9ium 7,london7 to ,pontes 7,/a9es71 mille passuum 7miles7 xxii ,pontes to ,calleva ,attrebatum 7,sil*e/]7 xxii ,calleva to ,v5ta ,belg>um xxii ,v5ta to ,claus5tum 7,s\?ampton7 x ,claus5tum to ,portus ,magnus 7,port*e/]7 x ,! ,roman r\tes are n com=table to foll[ n[1 p>ticul>ly to ! cycli/2 _! c\rse is inv>iably /raight1 lead+ direct f po9t to po9t1 ov] hill & valley alike1 )\t reg>d to gradi5t or ! lie ( ! l&4 ,! appeal !y make to ! ?\ghtful imag9ation is di/9ct & /rik+4 ,direct & uncompromis+1 !y foll[ _! c\rse reg>dless ( ob/acles1 sugge/+ irresi/ibly ! g5ius & en]gy ( ! imp]i\s p :o met difficulties only to subdue !m4 ,prim>ily imp]ial 9 "*1 if n always milit>y1 few ?+s conduc$ s mu* to ! settlem5t & gr[? 9 civilization ( ! l&4 ,comm]ce foll[$ 9 ! wake ( security1 & ! arts ( w> m9i/]$ ?us z h&maid to ^? ( peace4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,saxon ,,w9*e/] ,po/ t5ebras1 lux ,! ,roman occupation la/$ "s #djj ye>s1 aft] :i* ,w9*e/] hi/ory becomes a blank1 & x is n ! settlem5t & conque/ ( ! next occupi]s1 ! ,gewissas or ,we/ ,sexe1 b _! conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity :i* beg9s to dispel ! hi/orical j z x did ! spiritual d>kness ( ! p]iod4 ,( ^! ye>s1 c\ld we b tru/ ! romantic pages ( ,ge(frey ( ,monm\?1 :o has pres]v$ = u ! leg5d>y /ories ( ! p]iod z pres]v$ 9 ! e>ly ,wel% tradition :i* he foll[$ out1 we might h a complete & circum/antial hi/ory1 tell+ u ( ,ar?ur & 8 ,knights1 ( ,m]l91 & ,u!r ,p5dragon1 all focuss$ r\nd our own ,hamp%ire c\ntry1 ) ,w9*e/] & ,sil*e/] z ! *ief c5tres ( action4 ,?us arose ! m$iaeval tradition connect+ ,w9*e/] ) ,ar?ur & ! ,knights ( ! ,r\nd ,table--a tradition consolidat$ by ! pres5ce 9 ! great ,hall ( ,w9*e/] ( ! curi\s relic :i* popul> imag9ation has = hundr$s ( ye>s id5tifi$ ) ! actual ,r\nd ,table r\nd :i* t fam\s bro!rhood fea/$4 ,b ( ?is m anon4 ,& attractive z are ! speculations into :i* ,ge(frey ( ,monm\? might lead u1 we mu/ put him /]nly by till "s great] h& has w9n[$ ! gra9--= "s gra9 8 record und\bt$ly possesses--f ! *aff ( cr$ulity1 if n ( delib]ate inv5tion4 ,& s = #bjj ye>s our ,w9*e/] hi/ory rema9s a blank1 till ! ,saxon invad] _h 9 turn made 8 way hi!r1 by ! same natural *annel :i* ,celt & ,roman be=e him _h foll[$1 & a k+dom ( ,wessex _h gr[n up1 rude & b>b>\s1 b firmly plant$1 ) ! ,hame-tun 7,s\?ampton7 z its fir/ capital1 till1 ) ! gr[? ( in/itutions1 ! natural advantages ( ,w9*e/] made x 9 turn ! c5tre ( rule ( ! ,we/ ,saxon k+dom4 ,h[ ,jute & ,angle w>r$ 9 turn ) ,saxon & ) "o ano!r3 h[ ord] 0 gradually evolv$1 & ,*ri/ianity plant$ 9 ,brita9 by ,augu/9e & 8 b& ( monks1 we _c "h pursue 9 detail4 ,x is ! com+ ( ,*ri/ianity to ,hamp%ire t imm$iately conc]ns u1 & ) ?is a new *apt] ( great int]e/ op5s 9 our ,w9*e/] /ory4 ,augu/9e _h l&$ 9 ,k5t 9 #eig1 & x is a notewor?y fact t :ile ,*ri/ianity _h spread gradually !nce to ! ,ea/ ,saxons1 to ,nor?umbria1 & to ,ea/ ,anglia1 ! /ream ( influ5ce f ,cant]bury _h1 z x 71 fl[$ by & left ,wessex1 ,sussex1 & ,m]cia entirely unt\*$1 s effectually _h ! natural b>ri]s ( ! =e/ belt isolat$ ! s\?-we/ ( ,engl& f ,k5t & ev5 ,london2 & :5 at l5g? ,*ri/ianity 0 br\ght to ,wessex x 0 by a special mission f ,italy & n f ,cant]bury at all t ! message came4 ,?us ! f\nd+ ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,wessex 0 an act indep5d5t entirely ( ,augu/9ian influ5ce2 n = _m ye>s aft] did ! diocese ackn[l$ge ! supremacy ( ,cant]bury1 & :5 ,bi%op ,h5ry ( ,blois 9 ! twelf? c5tury 0 s*em+ to conv]t ,w9*e/] into a sep>ate prov9ce1 ) himself z ,ar*bi%op1 he _h at lea/ a hi/orical basis on :i* to re/ 8 claim4 ,sussex & ,m]cia 7 evangeliz$ lat] /ill1 & ! ,isle ( ,wight la/ ( all4 ,!re is inde$ a local tradition :i* connects ! "n ( ,augu/9e ) ,w9*e/]4 ,9 ,av+ton ,p>k1 "s five miles f ! city1 a moribund oak /ill /&s1 kn[n z ! ,gospel ,oak1 f ! tradition t ,augu/9e himself prea*$ ! ,gospel "u x4 ,b ! tradition is entirely unsupport$1 & c]ta9 x is t1 ev5 if x 7 true1 ! prea*+ _h no p]man5t result4 ,! /ory ( ! conv]sion ( ! ,gewissas is told by ,b$e1 & des]ves to be translat$ 9 full4 ,at t "t 7,a4,d4 #fcd1 ,engli% ,*ronicle71 dur+ ! reign ( ,k+ ,kynegils1 ! race ( ! ,we/ ,saxons1 anci5tly t]m$ ,gewissas1 receiv$ ! fai? ( ,*ri/1 :i* 0 prea*$ to !m by ,bir9us1 :o _h come to ,brita9 at ! in/ance ( ,pope ,honorius4 ,8 int5tion _h inde$ be5 to proce$ direct into ! he>t ( ! l& ( ! ,angles1 :]e z yet no tea*] _h p5etrat$1 9 ord] !re to s[ ! se$s ( ! fai?4 ,= :i* purpose1 & by direction ( ! ,pope himself1 he 0 consecrat$ ,bi%op by ,a/]ius1 ,bi%op ( ,g5oa4 ,b on 8 arrival 9 ,brita91 & com+ 9 contact fir/ ( all ) ! ,gewissas1 he f\nd !m ev]y:]e to be 9 a /ate ( ! grosse/ hea!nism1 & s he consid]$ x to be m pr(itable to prea* ! ,^w to !m1 r ?an to g f>!r to seek a field to lab\r 94 ,! actual conv]sion ( ,k+ ,kynegils took place ! ye> aft]1 n at ,w9*e/]1 b at ,dor*e/]1 ne> ,ox=d1 on ! riv] ,?ames4 ,"h ,bir9us fir/ plac$ 8 bi%op's /ool2 b ,b$e's n>rative directly implies t he visit$ ,w9*e/] & d$icat$ a ,*ri/ian *ur* !re1 :i* only a bi%op c\ld d2 = he goes on to say t hav+ erect$ & d$icat$ _m *ur*es1 & hav+ by 8 pi\s m9i/rations call$ _m unto ! ,"l1 he dep>t$ himself to ,him & 0 buri$ 9 t city 7,dor*e/]71 & _m ye>s aft]1 by ! in/rum5tality ( ,bi%op ,hdda 7bi%op f #fgf to #gjc ,a4,d471 8 body 0 translat$ !nce to ! city ( ,v5ta & plac$ 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,bless$ ,apo/les ,pet] & ,paul1 :i* he himself _h d$icat$4 ,we le>n f ! ,engli% ,*ronicle t ?is ,*ri/ian *ur* 0 erect$ n by ,kynegils1 :o di$ 9 #fdc1 b by ,k5walh or ,k5ulphus 8 son4 ,"h !n we h ! beg9n+ 9 a s5se ( ! ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral ( to-day4 ,true1 successive & m glori\s build+s h be5 erect$ on ! same site1 b !y h be5 b ! successors 9 direct l9e ( t primitive *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 rudely con/ruct$1 & possibly ro($ ) ?at*1 :i* ,bir9us d$icates2 & ! bones ( its two f\nd]s1 fa!r & son--= s we are entitl$ to reg>d !m--are traditionally pres]v$ 9 ! ,ca!dral to-day1 9 two ( ! beautiful mortu>y *e/s above ! side scre5s ( ! *oir4 ,:at a l9k ) ! pa/ d ! inscriptions on ^! *e/s af=d u1 = ! facts are p]fectly hi/orical :atev] ! id5tity ( ! bones may be4 ,:at imag9ation is !re t _c be deeply /irr$ 9 ! v pres5ce1 z x 71 ( ^! two ,we/ ,saxon *iefs ,kynegils & ,k5walh 9 ! v *ur* :i* ,bir9us himself fir/ erect$1 & :i* 0 d$icat$ to ! s]vice ( ,god by ,bir9us himself8 ,nor 0 ?is all1 = 9 ,a4,d4 #fdh1 side by side ) ! *ur*1 0 erect$ a mona/]y1 ! beg9n+ ( t religi\s h\se aft]w>ds s fam\s z ! ,priory ( ,/4 ,s)un4 ,kynegils end[$ x ) an important grant ( l&--no?+ less ?an all ! ,k+'s l& = sev]al miles r\nd ,w9*e/]1 ! fir/ *ur* end[m5t 9 ,wessex ( :i* we h any au!ntic record2 an end[m5t all ! m memorable z "s portion ( ?is l&1 9 & ar\nd ! adjo9+ pres5t p>i% ( ,*ilcomb1 rema9$ aft] "s twelve & a half c5turies ( consecutive *ur* t5ure 9 possession ( ! ,dean & ,*apt] ( ,w9*e/]1 ! successors 9 direct l9e ( ! religi\s community ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,weirs1 ,,w9*e/] ,! delightful balu/rad$ /one bridge at ! ea/ end ( ! city replaces ! v e>ly bridge built by ,bi%op ,s)un 9 ,k+ !lwulf's days4 ,! riv] ru%es ) a glori\s swirl f out ! mill j above ! bridge1 & all along ! ,weirs1 f mill to mill1 is ( beautiful cle>ness & transp>5cy4 ,! walk along #8! ,weirs' takes y betwe5 ! riv] & ! old city wall4 ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 "r up inde$ to #ahii1 :5 x 0 tak5 ov] by ! ,ecclesia/ical ,commission]s4 ,! developm5t ( ,w9*e/] dur+ ! e>ly ,saxon p]iod 0 /eady & cont9u\s4 ,?is 0 m>k$ 9 #fgf by ! transf]5ce by ,bi%op ,hdda ( ! ,bi%op's /ool f ,dor*e/] to ,w9*e/]1 & f ?is po9t onw>ds ,w9*e/] became ! c5tre ( ! diocese z well z ! capital ( rule--a great diocese1 spread+ f> & wide ov] all ! we/]n c\ntry4 ,:5 ,danihel succe$$ ,hdda--8,danihel ! mo/ rev]$ bi%op ( ! ,we/ ,saxons10 z 8 contempor>y ,b$e calls him--! diocese 0 divid$1 & ,%]borne became ! c5tre ( ! we/]n1 z ,w9*e/] 0 ( ! ea/]n see4 ,& s ,w9*e/] hi/ory is br\ght d[n to ! days ( our fir/ really contempor>y hi/orian1 ! ,v5]able ,b$e4 ,! pages ( ,b$e are full ( int]e/1 n only = ! light !y ?r[ on ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,saxon ,w9*e/]1 b also because incid5tally !y e/abli% its id5tity ) ! e>li] t[n%ip ( ,roman & ,belgan days1 =1 z already not$1 he speaks ( x z 8! city ( ,v5ta1 :i* is call$ by ! ,saxon p ,v9tan-cea/ir10 i4e4 ,v5ta ! =tifi$1 imply+ t ! ,roman def5ces r\nd ! city 7 /ill 9 exi/5ce1 & giv+ u ! fir/ m5tion 9 record$ hi/ory ( t "n ( our city1 :i* by a simple & natural transition has become ! "n by :i* we "k x /ill4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,capital ,,( ,,engl& ,?is royal ?rone ( k+s 444 ,fe>'d by _! bre$ & fam\s by _! bir?4 ,) ! dawn ( ! n9? c5tury came fur!r developm5t4 ,dur+ ! #bjj ye>s or s ( ! s-call$ ,hept>*y1 a gradual & cont9u\s movem5t ( cohesion--social z well z political--_h be5 9 progress4 ,! /r5g? ( ! ,anglo-,saxon 0 8 c\rage1 a det]m9ation & p]si/5ce h>dly di/+ui%able f ob/9acy2 8 weakness 0 8 lack ( imag9ation & 8 n>r[ political horizon4 ,he _h nev] le>nt to ?9k nationally1 h>dly ev5 tribally1 f> less imp]ially2 8 ?\ghts c5tr$ !mselves 9 ! little hamlet or home settlem5t :]e all 7 k9 at lea/1 if n k9d4 ,he took ! ru/ic murmur ( 8 b\rg ,= ! great wave t e*o$ r\nd ! _w4 ,& if he ?\ght ( 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 at all1 ap>t f family blood-feuds :i* call$ = v5geance1 x 0 probably 9 ! exclusive _s ( ,jacques3 ,i d desire we may be bett] /rang]s4 ,^! individuali/ic ideas 7 be+ sl[ly modifi$ by exi/+ conditions3 families _h be5 gr\p$ into ty?+s1 ty?+s into hundr$s1 hundr$s into %ires2 ! communal sy/em ( l& t5ure 0 m]g+ into ! manorial sy/em1 & ) ! consolidation ( individual k+doms came a /ruggle = political supremacy & a movem5t t[>ds national cohesion & unity4 ,x 0 ! glory ( a ,wessex k+1 rul+ 9 ,w9*e/]1 to r5d] ?is conception an accompli%$ fact4 ,x 0 at ! ,c\rt ( ! great ,*>lemagne t ,egb]t ga9$ 8 political tra9+ & insight4 ,=c$ z a y\? to flee f ,wessex1 he _h be5 made welcome at ! ,emp]or's ,c\rt1 & !re 9 ! c5tre ( great _w-movem5ts1 9 a ,c\rt :i* numb]$ ! mo/ accompli%$ s*ol>s ( ! "t1 ,egb]t began to #8see ?+s4' ,:5 9 #hjb ,a4,d4 he 0 call$ to asc5d ! ?rone ( ,wessex1 ,*>lemagne1 x is said1 gave him 8 own sword z a p>t+ gift1 b some?+ f> m pot5t--political insight & tra9+--0 8 already4 ,egb]t set himself n only to consolidate 8 p[] 9 ,wessex1 b to weld ! sep>ate jangl+ factions into "o "u 8 p]sonal supremacy4 ,! details ( ?is long /ruggle are "p ( ,engli% hi/ory & d n conc]n u "h3 suffice x t he ass]t$ ! supremacy ( ,wessex ov] ! :ole l&1 & x is 9 connection ) him t ! t]m ,engl&--,anglel&--0 fir/ us$4 ,9 #hbi ,a4,d4 he held a c\ncil at ,w9*e/] & proclaim$ himself ,k+ ( ,anglel&4 ,w9*e/] ?us ent]$ on a new phase1 z capital ( ,engl& & n ( ,wessex m]ely1 & its importance rapidly develop$4 ,x 0 well = ! l& t int]nal union 0 ?us 9 sight1 = ) ,egb]t's reign a new dang] arose4 ,! migratory racial movem5ts ( :i* ! com+ to ,brita9 ( ,jute1 ,angle1 & ,saxon 0 b a phase1 _h nev] ceas$1 b ! conditions _h alt]$4 ,9 e>li] unsettl$ days new-com]s z !y cross$ ! ,swan's ,ba? _h be5 usually welcom$ z allies1 n[ :5 ! l& _h become settl$1 :5 weal? _h accumulat$ 9 t[n & mona/]y1 ! late-com]s came 9 guise ( a =eign foe4 ,egb]t's reign saw a great revival ( ! desc5ts ( ^! ,danes or ,nor?m5 z !y 7 call$4 ,:]ev] _! #8aescas' or long%ips appe>$ panic seiz$ ! c\ntryside4 ,murd]1 outrage1 conflagration1 & ru9 7 ! ord9>y incid5ts ( a ,vik+ raid4 ,m5 might well pray z !y did1 8,f ! fury ( ! ,nor?m51 good ,"l1 deliv] u10 = ! invad] knew no?+ ( m]cy1 & 8 ent]prise & desp]ate val\r 7 only equall$ by 8 fi5di% delight 9 cruelty4 ,egb]t /ruggl$ long1 &1 on ! :ole1 successfully1 aga9/ ^! foes4 ,9 #hci he di$1 aft] a reign ( ?irty-sev5 ye>s1 & 8 bones are /ill pres]v$ 9 a mortu>y *e/ 9 ! ,ca!dral ( 8 capital4 ,! words on ! *e/ are3 ,hic rex ,egb]tus pausat 7,"h re/s ,k+ ,egb]t74 ,surely ,w9*e/]1 :i* pres]ves ! bones ( him :o fir/ /rove = & successfully realiz$ ! conception ( national unity1 %\ld be ! ,mecca = all true devotees ( ,great or ,great] ,brita94 ,l ma/]1 l man1 & great k+s h always _h great subjects4 ,su* a "o 0 ,s)un1 ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 ^: influ5ce 0 all p[]ful dur+ ! next half c5tury1 & 0 reflect$ 9 ,egb]t's /ill great] gr&son1 ,alfr$4 ,s)un belongs ess5tially to ,w9*e/]2 he lab\r$ incessantly = ! k+dom1 ! diocese1 & ! city1 & 8 %r9e became = c5turies aft]w>ds ! glory ( its ,ca!dral1 & ! place ( pilgrimage = ?\s&s ( pi\s feet4 ,he built *ur*es2 he protect$ ! ,ca!dral & ,mona/]y by build+ a wall r\nd x2 he built a bridge across ! riv]1 outside ! ,ea/ ,gate ( ! city1 :]e ! pres5t graceful ,georgian /ructure /&s4 ,z "s old v]ses tell u3 ,seynt ,s)un 8 bi%opricke to al goodnesse dr\gh1 ,! t[ne also ( ,w9*e/] he am5d$ en\gh1 ,= he lette ! /rong bruge )\t ! t[ne ar]e1 ,& fond !reto lym & /on & ! workm5 t 7 !re4 ,fate deals unk9dly ) "s1 ev5 at times ) ^? :o des]ve mo/ at h] h&s2 ,s)un is "o ( ^!4 ,a man ( sa9tly life & f>-rea*+ influ5ce1 8 humility & av]sion to display 7 among 8 mo/ /rik+ p]sonal *>act]i/ics4 ,) an in/9ctive & inde$ prophetic dread ( sup]/iti\s v5]ation be+ paid to 8 rema9s aft] dea?1 he gave ord]s t 8 body %\ld be buri$1 n )9 ! ,ca!dral1 :]e k+s & sa9ts repos$1 b 9 ! op5 gravey>d outside1 among ! poor & ! unnotic$4 ,b 9 va93 ) ! mona/ic revival 9 ,k+ ,edg>'s reign1 "o hundr$ ye>s lat]1 came ! erection ( a new & m spl5did ca!dral4 ,tales ( miracul\s occurr5ce began to be told ( ,s)un's tomb1 & no?+ w\ld s]ve b ! translation & en%r9em5t )9 ! new ,ca!dral ( ! sa9t1 s pre-em95tly national1 ^: bones _h su* pot5t virtue4 ,accord+ly1 9 solemn /ate1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,k+ ,edg>1 ,ar*bi%op ,dun/an1 & ,bi%op !lwold1 ! pi\s translation 0 p]=m$4 ,?us ,s)un1 nev] =mally canoniz$1 became by univ]sal cons5t dignifi$ by ! appellation ,sa9t1 & 8 mortal rema9s 7 = c5turies ! object ( t sup]/iti\s wor%ip :i* he himself _h s e>ne/ly dread$4 ,lat] ye>s obscur$ 8 reputation ev5 m3 a tradition grew up t ! sa9t _h signifi$ 8 displeasure at ! translation ( 8 body by s5d+ a viol5t deluge ( ra91 :i* = =ty days r5d]$ 8 exhumation impossible4 ,no f\ndation = ?is impossible /ory c be f\nd 9 any contempor>y acc\nt1 & sev]al contempor>y acc\nts bo? m9ute & circum/antial /ill exi/2 b ! tradition has pass$ into a prov]b1 & s ! "n ( ,s)un--8 virtues1 8 piety1 & 8 p]sonality all =gott5--s]ves (t5 m]ely to sugge/ ! s*ool-boy j+le3 ,/4 ,s)un's day1 if ?\ do/ ra91 ,= =ty days x w rema92 ,/4 ,s)un's day1 if ?\ be'e/ fair1 ,= =ty days 'twill ra9 nae mair4 ,= ! g5]al public he has ceas$ to be a hi/oric p]sonality at all1 entitl$ to v5]ation & e/eem1 & has come to be reg>d$ z a my?ical be+1 malignant & caprici\s1 ! patron sa9t ( discom=t & ( /ormy skies4 ,! c5tury :i* foll[$ ,egb]t's dea? 0 "o ( unremitt+ /ruggle aga9/ ! ,danes--a /ruggle dur+ :i* ! newly =m$ k+dom seem$ m ?an once 9 imm95t dang] ( be+ subm]g$4 !lwulf & 8 sons fac$ ! dang] manfully1 ?r\gh :i*1 at l5g?1 ,alfr$ em]g$ victori\s4 ,! hi/ory ( ,w9*e/] is 9 l>ge measure m]ely ! hi/ory ( ^! movem5ts4 !lwulf1 ! prie/-mon>*1 ! son ( ,egb]t1 :o succe$$ him 9 #hci1 w be be/ rememb]$ 9 ,w9*e/] z ! fa!r ( ,alfr$1 & by ! *>t]s1 p>ticul>ly two ( extreme int]e/1 :i* he execut$ "h4 ,! m important ( ^! is /ill extant1 & ! orig9al is pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,?is is (t5 spok5 ( z ! orig9 ( ti!s1 b errone\sly1 z !lwulf's gift 0 a gift to ! ,*ur* n ( produce1 b ( "o-t5? ( 8 l&$ possessions4 ,! *>t] conf]r+ ?is grant1 hav+ be5 duly execut$1 0 solemnly laid on ! high alt> ( ! ,ca!dral 9 ! pres5ce ( ,s)un & ! assembl$ ,witan4 ,! actual orig9al ( ! second *>t] no long] exi/s1 b an anci5t copy is pres]v$ among ! treasures ( ! ,ca!dral ,libr>y4 ,ev5 z a copy x possesses extreme int]e/3 x be>s ! names ( ,k+ ,adulfus 7!lwulf71 ,s)un1 & ! ,k+'s f\r sons1 !lbald1 !lb]t1 !lr$1 & ,alfr$--! two eld] sons be+ describ$ z #8,dux' 7,e>ldorman71 & ea* ( ! two y\ng]1 m]e boys at ! "t1 z #8,filius ,regis1' son ( ! ,k+4 ,ea* "n is atte/$1 accord+ to ,saxon cu/om1 n by a seal1 b by a cross4 ,! date is #hed1 :5 ,alfr$ 0 five ye>s old1 & ! docum5t is ! e>lie/ tangible l9k /ill exi/+ betwe5 ! city & ! great ,k+4 ,( !lwulf's o!r acts1 8 two m>riages1 8 j\rney to ,rome1 & 8 grant to ! ,pope ( ,pet]'s ,p5ce1 z a ransom to relieve ! suff]+s ( ,engli% pilgrims j\rney+ ?i!r1 we _c speak 9 detail4 ,suffice x t ,alfr$ 0 tak5 to ,rome by him :5 q "y1 & 0 solemnly confirm$ by ! ,pope himself4 !lwulf di$ 9 #heg1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! ,ca!dral4 ,8 bones re/ 9 a mortu>y *e/ m+l$ ) ^? ( ,kynegils4 ,ea* ( 8 f\r sons succe$$ him1 "o aft] o!r1 & dur+ _! reigns ! ,dani% incursions grew 9 frequ5cy & int5sity3 #heg saw !m repuls$ ) heavy slaught] 9 ,s\?ampton ,wat]2 9 #hfj !y came aga91 =c$ _! way to ,w9*e/] itself1 burnt & sack$ x4 ,! ,ca!dral & ,mona/]y appe> to h escap$1 ?anks possibly to ! /rong1 def5d+ wall :i* ,s)un _h erect$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hamble ,a *>act]i/ic seaport village at ! m\? ( ,hamble e/u>y--! c5tre ( an important crab & lob/] trade4 ,9 ! mud ( ! tidal riv] lies emb$d$ an anci5t ,dani% 8long%ip10 suppos$ to h figur$ 9 ! ,dani% desc5ts ( ,alfr$ ! ,great's "t4 ,! ,m]cury ,tra9+ ,%ip lies moor$ "h2 its ma/s & y>ds c be se5 up ! riv]4 ,! ri* r$ brick & tile "w ( ,hamble village =ms 9 summ]-"t a delightful picture f ! wat]1 ) ! blue ( ! riv] & ! ya*ts 9 front & ! d>k trees beh9d4 ,w>sa% lies j opposite ,hamble1 & ,netley j beh9d x4 !lb]t succe$$ to !lbald1 !lr$ to !lb]t1 & ev] ! /ruggle increas$ 9 int5sity4 ,9 ! la/ ye> ( !lr$'s reign he & ,alfr$ f\ght no less ?an n9e pit*$ battles aga9/ ! ,danes4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #hga !lr$ di$1 z x w\ld seem1 mortally w\nd$ 9 battle1 & 0 buri$ at ,wimborne1 & ,alfr$1 ! la/ ( ! f\r bro!rs1 became k+4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,alfr$ ,a pr9ce t draws ,by example m ?an o!rs d by laws4 ,t is s j1 to 8 great act & ?\ght ,to d1 n :at k+s may1 b :at k+s ought4 ,,b5 ,,jonson1 ,! ,hue & ,cry4 ,alfr$ ! ,great belongs 9 a peculi> s5se to ,w9*e/]2 "h he 0 proclaim$ k+2 "h he liv$1 & rul$1 & made 8 laws2 "h he ga!r$ r\nd him t assemblage ( div9es & le>n$ m5 ) ^: co-op]ation he gave ! fir/ great impetus to a national lit]ature2 "h he comm5c$ ! ,engli% ,*ronicle2 "h he devis$ 8 plans = con/ruct+ a navy to def5d ! l& aga9/ =eign foes2 "h he f\nd$ a mona/]y1 ! ,newan ,myn/re1 de/9$ to play a great & hon\rable "p = "s #fjj ye>s aft] him2 "h 8 que5 f\nd$ a si/] in/itution1 ! abbey ( ,/4 ,m>y2 "h he di$ & 0 buri$1 leav+ beh9d him ! sav\r ( a life /r5u\s1 blameless1 & devot$1 hav+ %[n 8 _w t ! fulle/ developm5t ( manly vig\r 0 compatible bo? ) ! sa9tl9ess ( ! devotee & ! culture ( ! book-lov] & ! /ud5t4 ,x 0 a rude age1 ! age ( ,alfr$1 b nev]!less x 0 a great age1 = x 01 9 spite ( all its crud5ess & brutality1 an age 9 :i* ideals 7 s\ght aft]1 & inde$ wor%ipp$4 ,x 0 ,alfr$'s high di/9ction t he n only /e]$ ! %ip ( /ate successfully ?r\gh seem+ly ov]:elm+ dang]s1 b t 9 8 own life he exhibit$ to ! _w a realiz$ ideal--an ideal t comp>atively few mon>*s h made any attempt to /rive aft]1 & :i*1 x is safe to say1 none ev] a*iev$ s completely4 ,!re h1 inde$1 be5 great empire build]s l ,*>lemagne1 great law-giv]s l our fir/ ,edw>d1 sa9ts ) ! spiritual elevation ( ,/4 ,l\is1 s*ol>s & patrons ( le>n+ l ,h5ry ,,vi41 b none h comb9$ ^! high qualities ) su* j balance & self-re/ra9t z ,alfr$1 :o may be truly said to h embodi$ 9 8 own life ! e>ne/1 long-cont9u$ pray] :i* 8 own words express$3 ,i h s\ght to live wor?ily :ile ,i liv$1 & aft] my dea? to leave to ! m5 t %\ld be aft] me my remembrance 9 good works4 ,alfr$ 0 born at ,wantage 9 #hdi1 & !re is little to connect 8 e>ly life def9itely ) ,w9*e/]4 ,8 association 9 q e>ly days ) ! k+'s c\rt1 s frequ5tly held 9 ! city1 ) ! ag$ ,s)un1 :o r>ely left ! city1 n to m5tion ! *>t] ( !lwulf1 above ref]r$ to1 :i* be>s 8 "n1 all r5d] 8 e>ly connection ) ,w9*e/] m ?an probable4 ,x 0 an active & /irr+ boyhood1 includ+ "o1 if n two1 visits to ,rome1 & a solemn confirmation at ! ,pope's own h&s--ev5ts :i* mu/ h pr(\ndly /irr$ him1 "y z he 04 ,! b5t ( 8 m9d 0 e>ly display$ :5 8 "m ,osb]ga 7or1 x may be1 8 /epmo!r1 ,judi?2 ,ass] says ! latt]7 %[$ him & 8 bro!rs an illum9at$ volume--,anglo-,saxon poetry1 v possibly ! songs ( ,ca$mon--& promis$ ! book to ! "o :o %\ld fir/ le>n to repeat !m4 ,alfr$ imm$iately s\ght 8 tutor's help1 & won ! prize1 :i* appeal$ s mu* m ke5ly to him ?an to 8 eld] bro!rs4 ,= all t x 0 z a w>rior1 prompt 9 action1 resolute 9 difficulty1 t he fir/ rose to di/9ction4 ,at ! critical mom5t1 :ile 8 bro!r1 ,k+ !lr$1 delay$1 he hurl$ himself on ! ,danes1 & ov]?rew !m at ! fi]ce battle ( ,a%d[n1 9 ! ,vale ( ! ,:ite ,horse4 ,x 0 b an episode 9 ! cont9u\s /ruggle1 & ! end ( ! ye> saw ! dea? ( !lr$1 & ,alfr$ 0 call$ ^u by ! ,witan1 aga9/ 8 w inde$1 at ! age ( tw5ty-two to m\nt ! ?rone4 ,x 0 a ?ankless &1 z x w\ld seem1 hopeless task t ! y\?ful k+ _h be=e him4 ,! la/ ?irty ye>s _h *ang$ ! face ( ! l&2 bit by bit ! ,danes _h made good _! foot+2 prov9ce aft] prov9ce _h fall5 into _! possession4 ,edmund1 ! sa9tly k+ ( ,ea/ ,anglia1 _h di$ a m>tyr's dea? at _! h&s2 ,alfr$'s ?ree bro!rs _h m\nt$ ! ?rone "o by "o1 b1 bravely z !y _h /ruggl$1 !y _h m]ely be5 able to ret>d1 n to prev5t ! resi/less advance4 ,z he look$ r\nd on ! black5$ ru9s ( ! capital 9 :i* he _h j be5 cr[n$1 8 he>t might well h sunk )9 him4 ,nor 0 x m]ely ! fate ( ,engl& :i* !n hung 9 ! balance2 t ( nor!rn ,*ri/5dom equally dep5d$ on ! issue ( ! conflict4 ,x is n g5]ally recogniz$ t dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( ,alfr$'s reign ! h]oic det]m9ation ( ! y\?ful k+1 & ! loyal devotion ( ! sorely dismemb]$ little k+dom ( ,wessex--= all else 9 ,engl& 0 lo/--7 all t /ood betwe5 nor!rn ,europe & an ev]-advanc+ tide ( pitiless & savage hea!nism1 :i*1 _h x n be5 /emm$1 w\ld h engulf$ ! :ole nor!rn cont95t1 ) little hope ( ,*ri/ian enlight5m5t & developm5t1 x may h be5 = c5turies4 ,we may well be pr\d ( ! "p t ,w9*e/]1 z ! capital ( ,wessex1 play$ 9 ! c\rse ( civilization dur+ ^? d>k days2 & :51 z inde$ happ5$ #aej ye>s aft]1 ,w9*e/] did see ! ,dani% k+dom realiz$ & h]self ! capital ( x1 x 0 a ,*ri/ian & civiliz+ k+dom1 & n "o ( viol5ce & unbridl$ slaught]1 ov] :i* %e 0 call$ to preside4 ,well 0 x t ,alfr$ 0 ,"o :o nev] turn$ 8 back1 b m>*$ brea/ =w>d1 ,nev] d\bt$ cl\ds w\ld break1 ,nev] dream$1 ?\gh "r 7 wor/$1 wrong w\ld triumph1 ,held we fall to rise1 are baffl$ to fight bett]1 ,sleep to wake4 ,x is to ,alfr$1 to ! m5 ( ,wessex1 & 9 "p to ,w9*e/] t ! cause ( civilization owes ! deliv]ance f ?is imp5d+ dang]4 ,= sev5 ye>s ! conflict w5t on1 b x 0 a conflict almo/ ( despair1 ?\gh ,alfr$ met all attacks ) unfail+ he>t & res\rcefulness4 ,at l5g? 9 #hgh all seem$ lo/4 ,alfr$ 0 surpris$ at ,*ipp5ham dur+ ! ,twelf? ,night fe/ivities1 & =c$ to take refuge 9 ! morasses ( ,som]set%ire4 ,! /ory is too well kn[n to ne$ retell+ "h2 suffice x t 9 less ?an six mon?s ,alfr$ _h reass]t$ himself1 _h conqu]$ ! ,danes1 _h made peace1 & _h divid$ ! realm ) !m4 #hgh1 ) ! refuge 9 ,a!lney & ! peace ( ,w$more1 0 ! turn+-po9t 9 ! /ruggle & 9 ! fate ( ! :ole nation4 ,! second p]iod ( ! reign1 ! p]iod ( m peaceful recon/ruction & consolidation1 = pl5ty ( fight+ /ill rema9$ to be done1 c5tres l>gely r\nd ,w9*e/]1 & x is m p>ticul>ly r\nd ,wolvesey & ! scanty rema9s ( ,hyde ,abbey t ! memory ( ,alfr$ /ill mo/ closely l+]s4 ,wolvesey 0 ! royal seat4 ,"h he =m$ 8 c\rt2 "h he inaugurat$ 8 re=ms2 "h he lab\r$1 /udi$1 delib]at$4 ,! def5ce ( 8 k+dom1 ! repair ( ! mat]ial ru9 caus$ by =eign invasion1 ! con/ruction ( a fleet ( %ips1 ! promulgation ( wise laws1 ! promotion ( education1 ! enc\ragem5t ( lit]ature & travel1 ! actual f\nd+ ( a national ,engli% lit]ature & an ,engli% hi/orical record1 :i* no o!r nation c f9d a p>allel to1 ! end[m5t ( religi\s wor%ip--all ^! 9 turn occupi$ 8 att5tion :ile he dwelt at ,wolvesey4 ,! comm& ( ! seas he e>ly recogniz$ to be ! real def5ce ( ! l&1 & z soon z opportunity s]v$ he set himself to build a fleet4 ,! ,*ronicle tells u t he comm&$ long %ips 7aescas7 to be built aga9/ !m 7! ,danes1 t is7 :i* 7 full nigh twice z long z ! o!rs4 ,"s _h sixty o>s1 "s m2 !y 7 bo? swift] & /eadi]1 & also high] ?an ! o!rs4 ,!y 7 %ap$ nei!r l ! ,frisian nor ! ,dani%1 b z x seem$ to him !y c\ld be mo/ useful4 ,! ,*ronicle gives u also a /irr+ acc\nt ( a sea-fight 9 "o ( ! ,hamp%ire h>b\rs betwe5 ,alfr$'s vessels & ?ree ,dani% long %ips4 ,x is a graphic & well-told n>rative1 too long to be quot$ "h4 ,! crews ( two ( ! pirates 7 captur$1 & br\ght to ! k+ at ,w9*e/]4 ,! k+1 :o 0 !n at ,wolvesey1 comm&$ !m to be hang$1 v likely above ^? v walls ( ,wolvesey1 grey & wea!r-beat51 :i* we see n[1 & :i* 9 _! 8h]r+-bone0 masonry /ill %[ ! h& ( ! ,saxon build] :o erect$ !m4 ,9 ! b$ ( ! ,hamble ,riv] !re lies /ill emb$d$ ! keel ( a #8long %ip4' ,"o w\ld de>ly l to believe t x 0 "o ( ^? v pirate vessels :i* 7 driv5 agr\nd1 & ^: crews 7 captur$ z relat$ above1 & ! fact is n inde$ impossible4 ,"s planks & portions ( ?is vessel may be se5 9 ! ,we/gate ,museum 9 ,w9*e/]1 & v>i\s mem5toes1 su* z ! c]emonial casket pres5t$ to ,"l ,rob]ts ) ! fre$om ( ! city on 8 return f ,s\? ,africa1 h 9 rec5t times be5 made f x4 ,( ,alfr$'s life ( /udy & devotion we h a pleasant picture 9 ,ass]'s ,biography4 ,ass]1 aft]w>ds ,bi%op ( ,%]borne1 0 a monk ( ,/4 ,david's :om ,alfr$ p]suad$ to come to ,w9*e/]1 & to ent] 8 s]vice z scribe & lit]>y helpmate4 ,ass] tells u t 8x 0 8 usual cu/om bo? by night & day1 amid 8 num]\s occupations ( m9d & body1 ei!r himself to read books or to li/5 :ile o!rs read !m40 ,! roll ( ,alfr$'s lit]>y productions is a long "o--,orosius1 ! ,consolations ( ,boe?ius1 ! ,pa/oral ,c>e ( ,pope ,gregory1 & ,b$e's ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,*ur* 7 all r5d]$ into ! v]nacul>4 ,m important /ill 0 ! ,engli% ,*ronicle1 ( :i* no less an au?ority ?an ,pr(essor ,freeman says1 8,x is ! book we %\ld le>n to rev]5ce next aft] our ,bible40 ,x is a treasure-h\se ( contempor>y record1 sy/ematically kept & reliable1 su* z no o!r nation1 save ! ,hebrews1 has ev] possess$4 ,9 all probability ! ,illu/ration3 ,,at ,,it*5 ,,abbas ,a village on ! ,it*51 five miles above ,w9*e/]1 surr\nd$ ev]y:]e by picturesque sc5]y4 ,! #8,gospel ,oak' 9 ,av+ton ,p>k1 is "s mile or s di/ant4 ,k+sley wrote "p ( 8 ,wat]-,babies :ile /ay+ at ! ,pl\gh ,inn at ,it*5 ,abbas 9 ! c\rse ( a fi%+ holiday4 ,big tr\t may (t5 be se5 ly+ "u ! bridge "h4 orig9al 0 compil$ & kept at ,wolvesey1 & copies 7 made = use at v>i\s o!r places1 z ,cant]bury1 ,h]e=d1 ,pet]bor\gh4 ,six anci5t copies are extant1 ( :i* f\r are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,"o ( ! two o!rs is an actual ,w9*e/] copy ( extreme antiquity1 & is pres]v$ 9 ! ,p>k] ,collection ( ,,mss4 at ,corpus ,*ri/i ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,alfr$'s la/ ye>s 7 devot$ to f\nd+ religi\s h\ses--"o at ,%aftesbury1 "o at ,a!lney1 & "o1 :i* conc]ns u mo/ imm$iately1 at ,w9*e/]1 ! #8,newan ,myn/re1' & 8 que51 ,als)a1 f\nd$ a nunn]y at ,w9*e/] also--#8,nunna ,myn/re' or ,/4 ,m>y's ,abbey4 ,alfr$ matur$ 8 plans = ! ,newan ,myn/re 9 conjunction ) ,grimbald ( ,fl&]s1 :om he invit$ ov] to ,engl&1 & :om he induc$ to rema9 by mak+ him ! fir/ abbot4 ,b he only liv$ to acquire ! site1 = :i*1 x is said1 he paid ! enorm\s rate ( a m>k ( gold p] foot4 ,! spot select$ 0 nor?-we/ ( ! pres5t ca!dral *ur*y>d1 9 ! angle ne> ,/4 ,laur5ce's ,*ur*1 & ! m9/] 0 complet$ by ,edw>d ! ,eld]1 ,k+ ,alfr$'s son1 :o succe$$ him4 ,! fur!r hi/ory ( ! ,newan ,myn/re1 its removal & rebuild+ z ,hyde ,abbey1 its dissolution & its decay1 w be relat$ 9 due c\rse4 ,alfr$ di$ 9 #ija1 & 8 rema9s h be5 ?rice int]r$--fir/ ( all 9 ! #8,eald5 ,myn/re1' ! old m9/]1 z ! ca!dral began !n to be call$2 !n at ! completion ( ! ,newan ,myn/re !y 7 translat$ ?i!r ) solemn pomp & rev]5ce2 & aga9 at ! recon/ruction & removal ( ! fabric ) equal pomp & circum/ance to ,hyde ,abbey4 ,! abbey is n[ m]ely a ru9$ fragm5t1 & e trace ( ! abbey *ur* has disappe>$4 ,! citiz5s ( ,w9*e/]1 s c>eful 9 ! ma9 ( _! treasures ( antiquity1 h p]mitt$ ,alfr$'s re/+-place to be lo/ sight ( & =gott5 altoge!r1 & mod]n se>* has n z yet id5tifi$ ! spot4 ,9 #aija1 ! ye> ( ! mill5>y ( 8 dea?1 an attempt 0 made to atone 9 "s measure = ?is irrep>able neglect1 & ! boldly conceiv$ /atue ( ,alfr$1 erect$ 9 ,w9*e/] ,broadway1 9 front ( ! spot :i* 8 own que5's abbey _h actually occupi$1 is a rem9d]1 n unwor?y s f> z outw>d monum5t & /atu>y art c s]ve1 ( ! hall[$ association ( ,w9*e/] ) ?is1 ! greate/ ( all our ,engli% mon>*s4 ,true is x t little tangible n[ rema9s1 :e!r ( ,wolvesey1 ,newan ,myn/re1 or ,hyde :i* we c directly connect ) him--b 8 /ory1 & 8 "w1 ! inspiration ( 8 life1 & 8 example are ?+s m real & m tangible 9 _! way ev5 ?an brick or /one or c>v5 figure1 & ,alfr$'s memory c nev] "h be lo/1 ev5 ?\gh 8 tomb rema9s lo/ sight ( & slight$1 & #8no man kn[e? ( 8 sepul*re unto ?is day4' ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,alfr$',s ,,dea? ,,& ,,sixty ,,ye>s ,,aft] ,erunt reges nutritii tui1 et reg9ae nutrices tuae4 ,:5 ,alfr$ di$ 9 #ija he _h accompli%$ a great "w2 a "w great & la/+1 z ! next sixty ye>s 7 to %[1 & dur+ ^! ye>s ! asc5dancy ( ,wessex & ( ! l9e ( ,egb]t 0 to gr[ m & m undisput$1 till x culm9at$ 9 ! reign ( ,edg> ! ,magnific5t4 ,^! days 7 days ( rapid developm5t 9 ,w9*e/]1 & ! =tunes ( ! city at ?is p]iod 7 closely l9k$ ) ,als)a1 ,alfr$'s wid[1 ,grimbald1 ! monk1 & ! two /rong k+s ( ,alfr$'s l9e1 ,edw>d1 8 son1 & ,a!l/an1 8 gr&son4 ,z already relat$1 ,alfr$ _h plann$ ! important f\ndation ( ! ,newan ,myn/re1 & _h settl$ ! site be=e 8 dea?4 ,its completion 0 ! "w ( ! e>ly days ( ,edw>d ! ,eld]1 :o1 almo/ imm$iately on asc5d+ ! ?rone1 conv5$ a great meet+ ( ! ,witan at ,w9*e/] to discuss ! matt] at ! outset4 ,! k+'s own views 7 limit$ & p>simoni\s1 & he 0 anxi\s to lay ! l&s ( ! ,eald5 ,myn/re "u contribution z a means ( defray+ ! co/1 b ! v5]able ,grimbald1 n[ ov] eighty ye>s ( age1 0 inflexible4 8,god w n10 said he1 8accept robb]y = burnt-(f]+10 & he c>ri$ 8 po9t4 ,! k+ made a lib]al end[m5t = ! purpose1 & ! walls ( ! m9/] rose apace4 ,at ! same "t ! abbey ( ,/4 ,m>y1 f\nd$ by ,als)a1 0 proce$$ )1 & ! mona/ic qu>t] ( ! city saw a tr9ity ( fair mona/]ies1 gr\p$ side by side1 rise rapidly into prom95ce4 ,accid5t s]v$ to inve/ ! new abbey ) peculi> int]e/ & sanctity4 ,a ,dani% desc5t on ,pic>dy _h driv5 a cr[d ( refugees to seek %elt] across ! sea1 & !y _h cross$ ov] to ,hamp%ire1 be>+ ) !m _! greate/ treasure--! hall[$ bones ( _! patron sa9t1 ,/4 ,judocus or ,/4 ,josse4 ,! k+ receiv$ !m hospitably at ,w9*e/]1 & ! sacr$ relics 7 solemnly & spl5didly en%r9$ )9 ! p>tially complet$ *ur* ( ! ,new ,m9/]4 ,!n 9 #ijc1 9 ! pres5ce ( a great conc\rse ( nobles & cl]gy1 ! d$ication ( ! ,new ,m9/] 0 solemnly p]=m$ by ,plegmund1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury4 ,sc>cely 0 ?is complet$ ere ano!r equally /rik+ act 0 p]=m$1 viz4 ! translation )9 ! walls ( ! new *ur* ( ! rema9s ( ! f\nd]1 ! great ,alfr$ himself--a solemn & impos+ rite1 c>ri$ out ) all ! pomp & dignity ( impressive circum/ance3 cum app>atibus regali magnific5tia dignis 7) solemn pomp befitt+ 8 royal /ate71 z ! ,lib] de ,hyda in=ms u4 ,!n 9 rapid succession ,grimbald1 ,alfr$'s fir/ nom9at$ abbot1 & ,als)a1 8 devot$ que5 & wid[1 7 call$ to re/1 & ! que5's rema9s 7 pi\sly int]r$ side by side ) ^? ( h] husb&4 ,?us )9 ?ree ye>s ( ,alfr$'s dea? ! ,newan ,myn/re _h ris5 n m]ely into be+1 b _h already become inve/$ ) asc5dancy & popul> pre/ige z ! hall[$ repository ( ! mortal rema9s ( a wond]-work+ sa9t1 a v5]at$ abbot1 ( a sa9tly k+1 & ( 8 royal consort4 ,"s tw5ty ye>s lat]1 )9 ! same abbey *ur*--?us already e/abli%$ z a v5]at$ mausoleum--,edw>d ! ,eld] himself 0 also laid1 aft] a /r5u\s reign1 9 :i* he _h consolidat$ ! ,anglo-,saxon p[] & _h re-e/abli%$ firmly ! unity ( ! k+dom4 ,?us1 z ye> succe$$ ye>1 ,w9*e/] grew 9 ext5t & importance4 ,! pre/ige & dignity ( its ecclesia/ical f\ndations e/abli%$ x ?us e>ly z ! lead+ c5tre ( pi\s pilgrimage 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&1 & %opm5 & m]*ants foll[$ eag]ly ! pilgrim /ream4 ,accord+ly ,edw>d ! ,eld] drew up :at may be call$ ! fir/ comm]cial code ( ! city--laws regulat+ ! sell+ ( goods & ! mak+ ( b>ga9s 9 op5 m>ket 9 ! city4 ,9 ! same reign associations or confrat]nities ( trad]s = mutual support began to be =m$--confrat]nities :i*1 "u ! "n ( #8gilds' or guilds1 7 de/9$ to become 9 "t corporate municipal bodies1 ) ! #8,hall ( ! ,gild ,m]*ant' z ! c5tre ( civic rule & influ5ce4 ,a =mal mayor & corporation 7 to come lat]1 b ! elem5ts & some?+ m ( civic rule 9 ,w9*e/] c be ?us trac$ cont9u\sly back & recogniz$ = full a ?\s& ye>s4 ,( ,a!l/an ! w>rior we h b little actual ,w9*e/] hi/ory to record2 he reign$ f #ibe to #idj1 & 0 buri$ n at ,w9*e/] b at ,malmesbury4 ,to atone = ?is hi/orical paucity we h "o glori\s romantic leg5d--! leg5d ( ! fight betwe5 ,guy ( ,w>wick & ,colbr&1 ! ,dani% giant & w>rior1 a /ory :i* has long be5 a classic fairy tale4 ,rudborne1 9 8 ,major ,hi/oria ,w9toniae1 copy+ f ! ,lib] de ,hyda1 solemnly records h[ ,a!l/an1 inve/$ 9 8 capital city by ,anelafe1 ,k+ ( ! ,danes1 agre$ ) 8 besieg] to decide ! issue by a combat betwe5 *ampions1 & he tells u h[ a new ,polyphemus1 mon/rum1 horr5dum1 in=me1 +5s1 ,colbr&1 8a giant wondr\s ( /ature1 hide\s ( aspect1 & ( unp>allel$ f]ocity10 came =w>d to *ampion ! ,dani% cause1 & h[ ! ,engli% protagoni/1 ,guy ( ,w>wick1 8 opposite 9 e attribute1 8prud5t1 self-re/ra9$1 resolute1 manly 9 m9d & skill$ to combat10 ,aga9/ great odds b>e up ! w> 89 a c]ta9 mead[ ly+ nor?w>d ( ! city1 n[ call$ ,de ,hyde mead1 !n call$ ,d5em>ck10 :ile ,a!l/an wat*$ ! combat anxi\sly f a corn] ( ! city walls4 ,swords fla%$1 spl9t]s flew1 long 0 ! conflict d\btful2 ea* antagoni/ 9 turn prevail$1 :ile he>ts beat fa/ & lips grew :ite ) t5se compression1 till "r prevail$1 & ! head ( ! second ,golia? 0 sev]$ f its trunk by our ,saxon ,david4 ,! wor?y ,knighton1 9 8 ,de ,ev5tibus ,angliae1 amplifies ! /ory1 & ! details fairly sc9tillate at 8 imag9ative smi?y4 ,! fight occurs 9 ,*iltecumbe or ,*ilcomb valley2 ,guy ( ,w>wick takes ! field1 m\nt$ on ,a!l/an's own /e$ & girt ) arms ( wondr\s pot5cy--! sword ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 ! spe> ( ,sa9t ,maurice himself4 ,colbr&1 also m\nt$1 be>s ) him a :ole arm\ry--axe1 & club1 & iron hook--:ile a waggon by 8 side be>s a :ole assortm5t ( miscellane\s ironmong]y = him to use at ne$ aga9/ 8 adv]s>y4 ,x is /r5g?1 & /ature1 & brute =ce aga9/ c\rage & address1 & = a long "t ,guy appe>s to be at ! m]cy ( 8 adv]s>y4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 9 deal+ a pond]\s bl[--! c\p de grce z he imag9es--contrives to let 8 weapon slip1 & z he rea*es to recov] x1 ! ,engli% *ampion ru%es 9 & sev]s 8 h& f (f 8 arm4 ,nev]!less1 ! issue is = long 9 d\bt1 & x is n till d>kness has all b fall5 t ! giant's /r5g? ebbs f weakness & loss ( blood1 & 8 nimble adv]s>y %e>s (f 8 head ) "o sweep ( 8 sword4 ,read]s ( ,k+sley's ,h]ew>d ! ,wake w recall 9 ! above act some?+ m ?an a rem9isc5ce ( ! /rong conflict betwe5 ,h]ew>d & ,ironhook1 ! ,corni% giant4 ,! /ory is inde$ a ,corni% leg5d1 localis$ r\nd ,a!l/an & ! ,wessex capital4 ,g]ald ( ,cornwall1 a writ] ^: writ+s exi/ n[ only 9 fragm5ts1 relat$ x 9 8 ,de ,ge/is ,regum ,we/saxonum1 & x is 8 acc\nt1 incorporat$ 9 ! ,lib] de ,hyda1 :i* is ! s\rce ( its introduction into our local hi/ory4 ,yet /range z x may seem1 ?is wildly impossible romance 0 accept$ = c5turies z hi/orical2 ,danem>k mead /ill exi/s z a local "n1 & an inn kn[n z ! ,*ampions only disappe>$ f ! reput$ locale ( ?is wond]ful conflict a few ye>s ago4 ,& s ?r\gh leg5d & hi/orical record alike1 our city's hi/ory mov$ =w>d /ep by /ep4 ,k+ aft] k+ ( ,egb]t's l9e succe$$ to ! ?rone & rul$ 9 ,w9*e/]4 ,edr$ ! ,pi\s succe$$ ,edmund ! ,magnific5t & 0 buri$ 9 ! ,old ,m9/]4 ,edwy ! ,+lori\s succe$$ ,edr$1 & di$ & 0 buri$ 9 ! ,new ,m9/]1 & ?us 9 #iei ! realm pass$ "u ! rule ( ,edg>1 8 half-bro!r1 ,edg> ! ,peaceable1 :om ! monks nam$ also ,edg> ! ,magnific5t4 ,) 8 reign a fre% *apt] ( int]e/ & importance op5s 9 our city's hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,high ,,/reet1 ,,w9*e/] ,! #8,butt] ,cross1' z ! ,city ,cross is inv>iably d5om9at$1 =ms ! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( ! delightful old-_w ,high ,/reet4 ,close by are ! #8,piazza1' & a *>m+ old timb]-front$ ,tudor h\se1 n[ a well-kn[n picture %op4 ,beh9d ! ,cross is ! op5+ ( #8,little ,m9/] ,passage' lead+ to ! ,ca!dral4 ,9 #aggj x 0 decid$ to remove ! ,butt] ,cross1 & x 0 actually sold to a pur*as] = ?is purpose1 b ! inhabitants rose 9 indignation1 =cibly remov$ ! scaffold+ erect$ r\nd x1 & s pres]v$ x f de/ruction4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,!lwold1 ,,sa9t ,,& ,,bi%op ,o see ye n yon n>r[ road ,s ?ick beset ) ?orns & bri>s8 ,t is ! l& ( righte\sness1 ,?o' aft] x b few enquires4 ,,?omas ,,! ,,rhym]4 ,) ! dea? ( ,edwy 9 #iei a new *apt] ( int]e/ op5s1 a p]iod ( revival1 ( gr[?1 ( developm5t1 ! gold5 age ( ,saxon ,w9*e/]1 dur+ :i* ! ,saxon city 0 at its z5i? ( importance1 ! reign ( ,edg> ! ,peaceable & ,magnific5t4 ,! monki% *ronicl]s h = ! mo/ "p pa9t$ ,edg> 9 glossy col\rs2 !y sang 8 virtues1 8 magnific5ce1 8 piety1 8 love = ,holy ,*ur*4 ,!y spoke ( him z a second ,solomon1 & ! comp>ison 0 9 its way n inapt1 =1 l ,solomon1 he enjoy$ peace & lov$ display2 l ,solomon1 he all[$ 8 private life to drag him to a l[ level2 &1 l ,solomon1 he left a son beh9d him1 :o 0 to see 8 k+dom r5t asund] & a bett] ?an he be>+ sway 9 x4 ,b x is nei!r ,edg>1 :o1 ) all 8 faults1 rul$ wisely1 nor 8 son1 !lr$1 ( ,evil ,c\nsel1 :o1 ) all 8 vices1 did n1 :o are ! lead+ figures ( int]e/ at ?is juncture2 nei!r is x ! great ,dun/an1 ( :om we get fleet+ glances1 ,dun/an1 ! great ar*bi%op1 ! ma/]-m9d ( 8 "t1 9 ^: h&s ! w\ld-be ma/]ful & imp]i\s k+ 0 inde$ b z clay unto ! pott]1 little ?\gh he realiz$ x4 ,x is !lwold ! bi%op1 !lwold ! sa9t & revivali/1 !lwold ! build] & lov] ( le>n+1 :o is ! dom9at+ figure1 & x is r by ! comm5cem5t & completion ( 8 "w ?an by ! accessions or dea?s ( k+s t ! limits ( ! p]iod are to be assign$4 ,= e/imat+ ! c\rse ( ,w9*e/] hi/ory at ?is important & int]e/+ /age we h =tunately m ?an an abundance--a weal? ( hi/orical mat]ials4 ,n only d ! ,engli% ,*ronicle & all ! lead+ monki% *ronicl]s conta9 full ref]5ces1 b num]\s o!r local s\rces ( hi/ory1 e4g4 ,rudborne1 ! v>i\s ,w9*e/] annali/s1 & ! ,lib] de ,hyda1 exi/1 :i* deal fully ) x4 ,besides ^! we h a m9utely circum/antial life ( !lwold himself1 &1 p]haps mo/ int]e/+ ( all1 a rem>kable acc\nt by ! same au?or1 ,wulf/an1 prec5tor ( ,w9*e/]1 describ+1 9 curi\sly involv$ & almo/ int]m9able ,lat9 elegiacs1 ! wond]s ( ! new ,w9*e/] ca!dral :i* !lwold built1 & ! spl5d\r ( v>i\s great & /rik+ c]emonies :i* he saw p]=m$ )9 x4 !lwold did m ?an m]ely leave 8 m>k on ,w9*e/]2 he trans=m$ x4 ,he f\nd its ecclesia/ical life poor1 self-c5tr$1 & /agnant2 he left x active1 influ5tial1 creative2 he f\nd ! ,old ,m9/]1 ) its ca!dral *ur*1 b>e1 di/anc$1 & neglect$1 eclips$ & out%one by ,alfr$'s lat] f\ndation1 ! ,newan ,myn/re4 ,he left x n m]ely ) an ackn[l$g$ asc5dancy1 b a new fabric1 ! f9e/ 9 ! l&1 ! pride ( ! city1 & almo/ "o ( ! wond]s ( ! age1 a c5tre ( pilgrimage ( great resort & r5[n1 ) a new %r9e conta9+ a new patron sa9t1 ! wond]-work+ %r9e ( ,/4 ,s)un4 ,he f\nd ! dome/ic build+s small1 damp1 unheal?y2 he rebuilt !m & br\ght to !m a supply ( pure wat]1 irrigat+ ! city & its riv] valley by /reams ^: c\rses /ill rema91 to all int5ts & purposes1 un*ang$4 ,nullum tetigit quod non ornavit might well h be5 ! epitaph ov] 8 tomb4 ,ecclesia/ical life 9 ,engl& _h1 9 fact1 nev] really recov]$ f ! ,dani% dbcle ( ! lat] n9? c5tury3 mona/]ies _h be5 burnt1 plund]$1 impov]i%$3 recov]y _h be5 b sl[ & p>tial3 slackness & slo? 7 almo/ univ]sal4 ,x is n kn[n h[ f> 9 ! e>li] ,engli% mona/]ies ! ,b5$ict9e rule & ! common cnobitic life _h ev] be5 /rictly foll[$1 b :5 ,dun/an rose to influ5ce !re 7 practically no religi\s h\ses :]e monks 7 to be f\nd2 9 _! place non-resid5t canons1 or secul>s1 z !y 7 call$1 _h become ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s1 & ! v>i\s annali/s h pa9t$ = u 9 vivid col\rs ! laxity & debas$ /&>d ( ! ord9>y *ur* life ( ! day4 ,! canons1 or #8secul>s1' releas$ f ! sev]e toil & discipl9e ( ! ,b5$ict9e rule1 all[$ !mselves num]\s indulg5ces1 & 7 9 _m cases ev5 m>ri$4 ,lov+ com=t & ease1 !y neglect$ ! *ur*1 & ! daily s]vices 7 grudg+ly c>ri$ out by deputy1 by #8vic>s' paid1 & paid poorly at t1 to conduct ! s]vices :ile ! abs5tee canons exp5d$ ! income ( _! #8preb5ds' else:]e at _! ease4 ,?us ,wulf/an tells u-- ,!re 7 !n 9 ! ,old ,m9/]1 :]e9 is ! bi%op's /ool1 canons ( disreputable mann]s & morals1 s swoll5 ) pride & insol5ce t numb]s ( !m w\ld n condesc5d to celebrate ! masses :5 _! regul> turn came1 :o turn$ adrift ! wives !y _h unlawfully m>ri$1 & took o!rs 9 _! /ead1 & :o gave !mselves up to gluttony & drunk5ness4 ,x is always int]e/+ to note ! sn[ball pr9ciple ( accretion 9 ! v>i\s annali/s' acc\nts1 & ! fifte5?-c5tury ,w9*e/] annali/ improves ^u ?is picture1 depict+ !m z 444 canons1 canonical only 9 "n1 :o neglect$ _! duties 9 ! *ur*1 & left ! pi\s lab\rs ( vigils & ! s]vice ( ! alt> to be p]=m$ vic>i\sly1 abs5t+ !mselves f ! sight ( ! *ur*1 or ev51 s to speak1 f ! sight ( ,god4 ,b>e 0 ! *ur* )9 & )\t4 ,! vic>s1 sc>cely able to keep body & s\l toge!r1 c\ld n give3 ! preb5d>ies w\ld n4 ,h>dly c\ld y f9d "o :o1 except on compulsion1 w\ld (f] a %abby alt> clo? or pres5t a *alice wor? a few %ill+s4 ,be ?is z x may--& ! monki% *ronicl]s w\ld n be likely to sp>e ! secul>s--! /&>d ( life 0 t]ribly lax1 & ,dun/an1 orig9ally abbot ( ,gla/onbury1 !n ,bi%op ( ,worce/]1 & f9ally ar*bi%op1 set out1 ) ,k+ ,edg>'s sanction1 on ! pa? ( re=m1 & !lwold assi/$ he>t & s\l 9 ! movem5t4 ,9 _! respective abbeys1 ,gla/onbury & ,ab+don1 & 9 ^! only1 monks _h be5 re-e/abli%$4 ,n[ ! movem5t = ! replac+ ( secul>s by monks became g5]al1 & :5 9 #ifc he 0 consecrat$ ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/] by ,dun/an1 !lwold set himself to revive ! mona/ic ord]s 9 ! ?ree ,w9*e/] h\ses & else:]e 9 ! l&4 ,! canons ( ! ,old ,m9/]1 h[ev]1 flatly refus$ to adopt ! mona/ic life & discipl9e1 & f9ally !lwold br\ght monks f ,ab+don to replace !m4 ,wulf/an relates _! com+ ?us3-- ,x happ5$ on a ,sabba? 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,l5t1 z ! monks f ,ab+don 7 /&+ at ! entrance to ! *ur*1 t ! canons 7 f9i%+ mass1 *ant+ toge!r1 8,s]ve ! ,"l ) fe> & rejoice unto ,him ) rev]5ce4 ,take up ! discipl9e1 le/ ye p]i% f ! "r way10 z if !y %\ld say1 8,we w n s]ve ! ,"l1 nor keep ,8 discipl9e2 d y d x 9 y\r turn1 le/1 l u1 ye p]i% f ! way :i* op5s ! heav5ly realms to ^? :o foll[ righte\sness40 ,accept+ ?is z an om51 "o ( !m exclaim$1 8,:y d we /& /ill outside ! *ur*8 ,let u d z ^! canons exhort u2 let u ent] & foll[ ! pa?s ( righte\sness40 ,! canons1 h[ev]1 /ruggl$ h>d = re9/atem5t4 ,!y appeal$ to ! k+1 :o incl9$ to temporize ) !m1 & a great meet+ ( ! ,witan 0 conv5$ at ,w9*e/]1 :]e ,dun/an & !lwold urg$ /rongly ! mona/ic view4 ,! k+1 h[ev]1 0 /ill undecid$ :5 a voice 0 he>d f ! crucifix built aga9/ ! walls bidd+ him n to wav] long]4 ,?us1 s ! ,lib] de ,hyda in=ms u1 ! monks 7 confirm$ 9 occupation4 ,next ye> x 0 ! turn ( ! canons ( ! ,new ,m9/] to foll[ suit1 =1 9 ! words ( ,wulf/an1 8!reupon ! eagle ( ,*ri/1 ,bi%op !lwold1 spread out 8 gold5 w+s1 &1 ) ,k+ ,edg>'s approval1 drove out ! canons f ! ,new ,m9/]1 & introduc$ !re9 monks :o foll[$ ! cnobitic rules ( life40 ,! ,nunn]y1 ,/4 ,m>y's ,abbey1 0 at ! same "t plac$ "u ! /rict ,b5$ict9e rule4 ,& n[ ev5ts mov$ fa/1 & ) monks e/abli%$ 9 ! mona/]y /range rum\rs & port5ts began to prevail4 ,x 0 nois$ abroad t ! sa9tly ,s)un1 buri$ humbly 9 ! common gravey>d on ! nor? side ( ! *ur*1 _h begun to manife/ 8 virtues by acts ( heal+ at 8 tomb4 ,! *ur*y>d became ! resort ( cr[ds ( pilgrims1 until 444 ! holy fa!r1 !lwold1 w>n$ by a div9e revelation1 translat$ ! holy ,swy?un1 ! special sa9t ( ?is *ur* at ,wyn*e/]1 f 8 unwor?y sepul*re1 & pi\sly plac$ 8 holy relics ) due hon\r 9 a %r9e ( gold & silv] giv5 by ! k+1 & work$ ) ! utmo/ ri*ness & craftsman's skill4 ,! same acc\nt tells u t ! bones ( ,/4 ,bir9us 7 simil>ly deposit$ 9 ano!r %r9e1 b ,/4 ,s)un 0 ! popul> sa9t1 & ! miracles wr\ght at 8 %r9e soon made ! ,old ,m9/] r5[n$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole l&4 ,inde$1 z ,rudborne1 ! monk1 qua9tly & navely tells u1 8z long z canons held ! ,*ur* at ,w9*e/] !re 7 no miracles p]=m$1 b no soon] 7 !y eject$ & replac$ by monks ?an miracles 7 wr\ght abundantly40 ,d\btless ,rudborne 0 "r4 ,at all ev5ts cr[ds ( pilgrims ?rong$ to ,w9*e/]1 & ! "n ( ,s)un1 ! ,saxon sa9t1 became a p[] 9 ! l&4 ,b all ?is "t !lwold 0 at "w rebuild+ ! ,ca!dral1 & ! *ur* he re>$ 0 ! f9e/ 9 ! l&--"o ( ! wond]s ( ! age4 ,wulf/an 9 8 long-w9d$ way describes ! build+1 its aisles1 its t[]s1 its crypt1 bo? my/ify+ ! read] & los+ himself ov] & ov] aga9 9 ! description1 z he relates h[ ! newcom] passes bewild]$ f "o wond] to ano!r1 till he kn[s nei!r h[ to advance nor to get back aga94 ,nesciat unde meat1 quove p$em ref]at4 ,! gild$ wea!r-cock on ! top ( "o ( ! t[]s 9 p>ticul> fir$ 8 imag9ation4 ,glori\s & sup]b1 x grasp$ ! ball ( empire ) its spl5did talons1 & f its l(ty /&>d dom9at$ ! :ole populace ( ! city3-- ,imp]ii sceptrum p$ibus t5et ille sup]bis1 ,/at sup] et cunctum ,w9toniae populum4 ,! mighty organ plac$ 9 ! *ur* by !lwold's successor he also enl>ges ^u4 ,?is mighty in/rum5t _h tw5ty-six bell[s--twelve above1 f\rte5 bel[--work$ labori\sly by sev5ty full-gr[n m51 :o sweat$ at _! task1 :ile two organi/s hamm]$ vigor\sly ^u ! manuals1 flood+ ! :ole city ) ! volume ( ! s\nd4 ,wulf/an n only gives u ^! details ( ! build+1 b he describes ! v>i\s spl5did c]emonies :i* he himself witness$ )9 x--! translation ( ,/4 ,s)un's bones 9 ! pres5ce ( ,k+ ,edg>2 ! d$ication 9 #ihj1 :5 ,k+ !lr$ & n9e bi%ops 7 pres5t1 includ+ ! 8:ite-hair$ & angelic ,dun/an03-- ,canitie niv5s ,dun/an et angelicus4 ,!n ( ! fea/ :i* foll[$1 tell+ u h[ a t5? bi%op--"o ,poca--:o arriv$ too late = ! lab\rs ( ! c]emony1 aton$ = x amply by ! dep? ( 8 potations4 ,nulla laboris ag5s1 pocula multa bib5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,pet]',s1 ,,*eesehill1 ,,w9*e/] ,"o ( ! olde/ ( ,w9*e/] ,p>i% ,*ur*es1 ( ,norman date4 ,*eesehill--a corruption ( ,*esil--a ^w /ill surviv+ 9 ,*esil ,bea*1 ne> ,portl&--d5otes ! dry or gravelly /r& along ! bank ( ! ,it*51 & has no connection ) *eese4 ,*eesehill ,/reet1 ?\gh some:at #8slummy1' is v picturesque & conta9s _m int]e/+ old h\ses4 ,lat] on !re 0 a second d$ication4 ,altoge!r x 0 a p]iod ( spl5did & impressive c]emonial4 !lwold's monks display$ _! zeal 9 ano!r *annel4 ,9 bo? mona/]ies scriptoria 7 e/abli%$1 & ,w9*e/] became ! c5tre ( an unrivall$ s*ool ( ,,ms4 illum9ation4 ,! ,,ms4 treasures ( !lwold's monks may /ill be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 9 ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral ,libr>y1 at ! ,bodleian1 & at ,r\54 ,lovelie/ ( all is ! priceless #8,b5$ictional ( ,/4 !lwold1' ! glory ( ! ,*atswor? collection1 a ,,ms4 ( r>e beauty & int]e/1 = x pres]ves = u ! figure & features ( ,/4 !lwold himself z well z "s ( ! ar*itectural details ( ! new ca!dral he _h erect$4 ,h[ ! #8,b5$ictional' came into ! possession ( ! ,cav5di% family is unkn[n4 ,is x too mu* to hope t lat] on ! day may come :5 su* a treasure may be re/or$ to its natural home--! ,ca!dral ,libr>y at ,w9*e/]8 !lwold's la/ "w = ,w9*e/] we h already m5tion$--! rebuild+ ( ! mona/]y4 ,he trans=m$ ! *annels ( ,it*51 & br\ght its purify+ wat]s ?r\gh ! city & ! mona/]y by fre% c\rses4 ,quot+ aga9 f ,wulf/an3-- ,hucque ,dulcia piscosae flum9a traxit aquae ,successusque laci p5etrant secreta domorum ,mundantes locum murmure co5obium1 ,"h great !lwold l$ sweet fi%ful c\rses ( wat]4 ,& murmurs ( m+l+ /reams p]vade ! recesses mona/ic4 ,su*1 !n1 0 !lwold4 ,9 #ihd he di$1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! crypt ( ! ca!dral he _h erect$4 ,! place ( 8 sepulture is n[ unkn[n4 ,!re are few among ! mak]s ( ,w9*e/] great] ?an he4 ,we h dealt ) ?is era ( con/ructive ef=t z if ! full design 0 br\ght to completion 9 !lwold's lifetime4 ,su* 0 n inde$ ! case1 & x 0 left to lfeah1 8 successor 9 ! episcopate1 to actually f9i% ! build+ s*emes inaugurat$ by 8 pr$ecessor4 ,b x 0 !lwold1 n lfeah1 ^: creation x really 01 & lfeah 7,/4 ,alphege7 w always be rememb]$ m feel+ly z ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 m>tyr$ by ! ,danes1 r ?an z ! complet] ( !lwold's great ma/]-"w 9 ,w9*e/]4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,capital ,,( ,,! ,,dani% ,,empire ,saxon & ,norman & ,dane are we4 !lwold's "w 0 /ill 9 full progress :5 ,k+ ,edg> di$ 9 #ige4 ,"y z he 0--he 0 only "s ?irty-two ye>s old :5 he di$--he _h reign$ = "s sixte5 ye>s1 & 8 reign _h _h notable results4 ,x _h be5 a reign ( un9t]rupt$ peace2 inde$ x 0 ! only peaceful reign1 save ,edw>d ! ,confessor's1 ( any ,saxon k+ 9 ,engl&1 & a reign1 moreov]1 ( good gov]nm5t & wise laws4 ,& ?\gh ! memories ( ,edg>'s dome/ic life1 8 intrigues1 & 8 tragic murd] ( 8 false fri5d1 ,e>l !lwold1 belong r to ,:]well & ,&ov] ?an to ,w9*e/]1 we h _m p]sonal t\*es rem9d+ u ( 8 close connection ) ,w9*e/] hi/ory4 ,we see him hold+ 8 c\rt cont9ually at ,wolvesey4 ,tradition ev5 d]ives ! "n ( ,wolvesey f ! wolf's head tribute :i* he caus$ to be paid to him !re1 & :i* br\ght ab\t ! practical ext]m9ation ( wolves 9 ! l&2 b be t z x may1 at ,wolvesey ,edg> royally kept 8 /ate1 presid+ ov] _m a great meet+ ( ! ,witan1 & promulgat+ 8 laws ) ! imp]i\s =mula1 8,i & ! ,ar*bi%op0--an involunt>y ackn[l$gm5t ( :at 01 aft] all1 ! great p[] beh9d ! ?rone1 ! influ5ce ( ,dun/an4 ,we see him att5d+ ! impos+ ecclesia/ic c]emonies ( 8 reign1 su* z ! en%r9em5t ( ! bones ( ,s)un1 & we read ( ! wise laws & re=ms he inaugurat$4 ,he /&>diz$ ! co9age & ! weights & measures ( ! realm4 8,let "o weight & "o measure be us$ 9 all ,engl&1 aft] ! /&>d ( ,london & ( ,w9*e/]40 8,let !re be "o /&>d ( co9age ?r\gh\t ! k+'s realm0--regulations :i* s]ve to %[ ! developm5t ( comm]ce & prosp]ity 9 ! k+dom4 ,ano!r 0 a curi\s law pass$ to *eck ! excessive dr9k+ habits to :i* 9 p>ticul> 8 ,dani% subjects 7 addict$4 ,pegs 7 plac$ at c]ta9 int]vals 9 ! dr9k+ cups1 & no "o 0 suff]$ to 8dr9k bel[ 8 peg40 ,yet notable z ,k+ ,edg> 0 z a k+1 8 p]sonal claim entitles him to little respect4 ,all[+ fully = ! l[ly /&>d ( 8 age1 8 life 0 s5sual1 loose1 & s smir*$ ) squalid self-indulg5ce t ev5 8 monki% admir]s1 :o _h e reason to laud him highly1 7 =c$ to m+le c5sure ) ! lavi% encomiums !y heap$ ^u him1 & x 0 a bitt] legacy :i* 8 loose dome/ic life left beh9d him = ! nation to inh]it4 ,! national record1 ! ,engli% ,*ronicle1 accords him an appreciative b discrim9at+ epitaph1 prais+ 8 good rule & recit+ 8 virtues inde$1 b conclud+ 9 words :i* we c all at lea/ re-e*o3-- ,may ,god grant him t 8 good de$s be m prevail+ ?an 8 misde$s = 8 s\l's protection on ! longsome j\rney4 ,& n[ foll[$ ye>s ( trag$y & /rife4 ,edg>'s eld] son1 ,edw>d1 0 v soon murd]$ by 8 /epmo!r1 lfrida1 & ! ?rone pass$ into ! h&s ( ,edg>'s second son1 !lr$ ! ,r$eless1 or !lr$ ( ,evil ,c\nsel1 ! feeble/1 mo/ inept1 mo/ hopeless ( all our mon>*s1 :e!r ,saxon or ,engli%4 ,8 reign 0 to witness ! recrudesc5ce ( ,vik+ inroad & savage assault1 & :51 aft] ble$+ ! res\rces ( ! realm to dea? 9 a va9 & hopeless ef=t to buy (f ! invad]s1 8 fooli% bra9 conceiv$ ! wick$ness ( murd]+ all ! ,danes 9 ,engl&--a fatu\s & desp]ate act ( villa9y1 hat*$ at ,w9*e/] & consummat$ on ,/4 ,brice's ,day #ajjb--! trag$y ( mis]y 0 ex*ang$ = ! ru9 ( despair1 & ! t]rible v5geance ! ,danes exact$ 0 only end$ by ! conque/ ( ! realm & ! pass+ ( x into ,dani% h&s1 & s ,w9*e/] became ! capital ( a great] empire ?an ev] be=e or s9ce--! capital ( ! great ,sc&9avian empire ( ,cnut4 ,mo/ /rik+ ( all ! figures ( ?is p]iod1 m int]e/+ f> ?an ! ignoble k+1 0 !lr$'s que51 ,emma1 daught] ( ,ri*>d1 ,duke ( ,norm&y1 ! beautiful1 fasc9at+1 & design+ woman :om = h] beauty ! ,saxons call$ lfgyfu ,emma--,emma1 ! gift ( ! elves--:om !lr$ m>ri$ at ,w9*e/] 9 #ajjb4 ,a r>e p]sonality ?is lfgyfu ,emma1 b n a pleas+ "o4 8,i gov]n$ m5 by *ange1 & s ,i sway$ all moods10 %e might h said ( h]self4 ,! wife ( two successive k+s1 & ! "m ( two m1 %e 0 to be = fifty ye>s1 & dur+ five successive reigns1 ! c5tral influ5ce 9 ,w9*e/] hi/ory2 = !lr$ on ! day he m>ri$ h] pres5t$ ,w9*e/] & ,exet] to h] z h] #8morn+ gift1' or w$d+ pres5t1 & :5 he di$1 ,cnut ! ,dane1 !lr$'s successor1 w$d$ h] 9 turn4 ,( ! details ( h] c>e] we h yet to speak m fully1 & aft] ,cnut's dea? %e #8sat' or kept h] c\rt at ,w9*e/] = _m ye>s z ! #8,old ,lady1' ! beautiful ,saxon phrase = ,que5 ,d[ag]4 ,h] memory l+]s n[ mo/ closely ar\nd ! *>m+ old ,tudor build+1 ,godbegot ,h\se1 front+ ,w9*e/] ,high ,/reet1 :i* occupies ! site & /ill re-e*oes ! "n ( a little manor :i* once belong$ to h]--! little manor ( ,godbiete4 ,que5 ,emma grant$ x to ! prior & conv5t ( ,/4 ,s)un1 8,toll free & ,tax free = ev]10 & toll free & tax free x rema9$ = ye>s & ye>s1 :]e9 none _h "r ( access1 & ev5 ! k+'s w>rant lo/ its au?ority4 ,& s = "s hundr$s ( ye>s ! lib]ty ( ,godbiete rema9$ a s\rce ( division & evil influ5ce1 a sanctu>y or #8,alsatia' "r 9 ! he>t ( ! city1 :]e ^? obnoxi\s to ! law might %elt] & defy its t]rors4 ,= 8no myny/] ( ye ,k+e ne!r ( none o!r lords ( fran*ese %all d any execucon wy?yn ! b\nds ( ye seid man]1 b all only ( ye myny/oris ( ye seid ,prior & conv5t0--a r>ely sugge/ive illu/ration ( m$iaeval life & me?od4 ,de/9$ ev] to br+ tr\ble ) h] 9 h] lifetime1 h] v legacy seem$ to be> ) x ! same evil fruit ( civil di/urbance to ! city & mu* bick]+ ( rival au?orities = c5turies aft] h] dea?4 ,( ,w9*e/] 9 ,cnut's reign we h frequ5t m5tion 9 ! *ronicles ( ! "t4 ,! /ory ( ,cnut rebuk+ 8 c\rti]s on ! sea%ore at ,s\?ampton we ne$ n repeat1 except z reg>ds its sequel4 8,aft] :i*10 to quote ,rudborne's acc\nt1 8,cnut nev] wore 8 cr[n1 b plac+ x on ! head ( ! image above ! high alt> ( ! ca!dral 7at ,w9*e/]71 af=d$ a /rik+ example ( humility to ! k+s :o %\ld come aft] him40 ,nor 0 humility ! only virtue ,cnut display$4 ,8 munific5ce to ! ,*ur* 0 /rik+ & ample1 & "o *ronicl] aft] ano!r ! gifts made by ,cnut & ,emma jo9tly to ! religi\s h\ses bo? at ,w9*e/] & 9 ! di/rict r\nd4 8,?is same ,cnut10 we read1 8embelli%$ ! ,old ,m9/] ) su* magnific5ce t ! gold & silv] & ! spl5d\r ( ! preci\s /ones dazzl$ ! eyes ( ! behold]s40 ,two ( ,cnut's gifts 7 inde$ to become memorable 9 aft] ye>s4 ,"o 0 ! great alt> cross ( solid gold :i* he & ,que5 ,emma pres5t$ jo9tly to ! ,new ,m9/]1 a pres5tation qua9tly portray$ 9 ! ,lib] ,vitae ( ,hyde1 a regi/] & m>tyrology illum9at$ at ,w9*e/] dur+ ?is reign4 ,= ye>s x rema9$ ! glory ( ! h\ses till x 0 de/roy$ at ! burn+ ( ,hyde ,abbey1 & ev5 !n its hi/ory 0 n end$1 = ,bi%op ,h5ry ( ,blois1 hav+ /ol5 ! preci\s metal m+l$ ) ! a%es f ! conflagration1 0 =c$ by ! monks ( ,hyde to make re/itution4 ,! o!r hi/oric gift 0 t made to ! ,old ,m9/]1 ( 8?ree hides ( l& call$ ,hille10 usually id5tifi$ z ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,hill1 :]eon1 9 c5turies to come1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation ( ,wykeham's s*ol>s 7 to make regul> pilgrimage = purposes ( play on #8rem$ies' or days ( relaxation4 ,! l& is /ill ,*ur* prop]ty1 & is held n[ by ! ecclesia/ical commission]s4 ,cnut is a great figure bo? 9 ,w9*e/] & 9 ,engli% hi/ory4 ,=eign] ?\gh he 01 he rul$ n z an ali5 conqu]or1 b z an ,engli% mon>*1 & ,engli%m5 are pr\d to claim him z "o ( ! greate/ among our national rul]s4 ,he di$ 9 #ajce1 & 8 body 0 br\ght to ,w9*e/] = int]m5t 9 ! ,old ,m9/]1 & 9 ! ,ca!dral 8 bones are /ill pres]v$ 9 "o ( ! mortu>y *e/s already ref]r$ to1 along ) ^? ( ,emma 8 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,cross ,/4 ,cross ,hospital f\nd$ by ,bi%op ,h5ry ( ,blois 9 #aacf1 & plac$ by him subsequ5tly "u ! protection ( ! ,knights ( ,/4 ,john ( ,j]usalem1 f :i* circum/ance ! ,bre?r5 we> ! *>act]i/ic croix patte or eight-po9t$ cross ( ! ,ord]4 ,illu/ration ,c>d9al ,beau=t built #8,beau=t's ,t[]' & mo/ ( ! pres5t dome/ic build+s1 & f\nd$ ! ,ord] ( ,noble ,pov]ty4 ,! hospitality to travell]s = :i* ! ,knights ,hospitall]s 7 not$ is /ill practis$ 9 ! =m ( ! #8,wayf>]'s ,dole' ( bread & ale1 disp5s$ at ! hospital gates to ^? apply+ = x1 v mu* z 9 m$iaeval days4 que51 &--/range companion%ip--,william ,rufus also4 ,) ,cnut's dea? came faction & /rife4 ,cnut's two sons1 ,h>old & 8 half-bro!r ,h>?acnut1 fgyfu ,emma & ,e>l ,godw9e1 _h all intrigu$ desp]ately = p[]4 ,! v>i\s acc\nts diff]1 b ,h>?acnut1 :o1 z son ( ,emma & ,cnut1 _h a /rong foll[+ 9 ! c\ntry1 0 abroad at ! "t1 & 9 8 abs5ce ,h>old secur$ ! ?rone4 ,emma _h play$ h] c>ds well1 p]haps too well1 = %e _h manag$ to secure possession ( ,cnut's treasure & to ass]t h] influ5ce z #8lady p>am\nt' ov] ,wessex1 = we read 444 x 0 resolv$ t fgyfu1 ,h>?acnut's "m1 %\ld dwell at ,w9*e/] ) ! k+1 h] son's hsc>ls1 & hold all ,wessex "u 8 au?ority4 ,b ?is 0 n to la/4 ,h>old ass]t$ himself & raid$ 8 #8"m1'--%e 0 8 /epmo!r1 ( c\rse1--:ile 444 lfgyfu ,emma1 ! lady1 sat !n !re )91 & ,h>old 444 s5t ?i!r1 & caus$ to be tak5 f h] all ! be/ treasures :i* %e c\ld n hold :i* ,k+ ,cnut _h possess$2 & yet %e sat !re !re9 ! :ile %e might4 ,nor 0 ?is all4 ,h>old's viol5ce became impossible to make head aga9/1 & ! poor que5 0 driv5 into exile 444 )\t any m]cy aga9/ ! /ormy w9t]1 & %e came to ,bruges beyond sea1 & ,c\nt ,baldw9e !re well receiv$ h] 444 ! :ile %e _h ne$4 ,& s1 = "s ?ree ye>s1 bo? ,emma & ,h>?acnut 7 fugitives at ,baldw9's c\rt1 till on ! dea? ( ! viol5t & wor?less ,h>old1 "s ?ree ye>s aft]1 !y return$4 ,h>?acnut1 equally +lori\s1 reign$ "s two ye>s only1 & actually di$ dur+ 8 own m>riage fea/ z he /ood up to wassail 8 bride4 ,8 body 0 br\ght to ,w9*e/] = int]m5t 9 ! ,old ,m9/]1 z a mod]n inscription 9 ! ,ca!dral s]ves to rem9d u2 :ile 8 "m enri*$ ! ,new ,m9/] ) a gruesome relic--! head ( ! bless$ ,sa9t ,val5t9e ! ,m>tyr--to pay = masses = 8 s\l4 ,!n 9 #ajdc came ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 son ( ,emma & !lr$ ! ,r$eless1 :o 0 8hall[$ k+ at ,w9*e/] on ! fir/ ,ea/] day02 & ! realm _h peace at lea/1 if n re/1 = ov] tw5ty ye>s4 ,s9ce h] return to ,engl&1 ,emma1 #8! lady1' _h n be5 idle1 = at ! accession ( ! new k+ %e 0 n only re-e/abli%$ 9 all h] old supremacy1 b _h recov]$ mu* ( ! weal? :i* ,h>old _h wre/$ f h]1 & ! rema9+ sev5 ye>s ( h] life witness$ a cont9ual /ruggle = asc5dancy betwe5 h] & ,edw>d h] son4 ,edw>d _h no soon] be5 cr[n$ ?an he set himself to seize h] treasure--d\btless x 0 national r ?an p]sonal prop]ty--b ,emma1 skill$ to fi% 9 tr\bl$ wat]1 _h l&$ bo? loaves z well z fi%es 9 h] net1 & ?is "t ,godw9e ! e>l1 un=tunately = h]1 ca/ 8 weight into ! oppos+ scale2 accord+ly1 six mon?s aft] ,edw>d's coronation1 we read-- ,! ,k+ 0 s advis$ t he & ,e>l ,le(ric1 & ,e>l ,godw9e1 & ,e>l ,siw>d1 ) _! att5dants1 rode f ,gl\ce/] to ,w9*e/] unaw>es ^u ! ,lady 7,emma71 & !y b]eav$ h] ( all ! treasures :i* %e own$1 :i* 7 n to be told 444 & aft] t !y let h] reside !re9-- a passage notable 9 its way1 = x br+s be=e u1 9 close juxtaposition1 practically all ! great *>act]s ( ! ,confessor's reign--lfgyfu ,emma1 & ! k+ h] son1 & ! ?ree great e>ls1 ) _! att5dants--,godw9e1 ! great ,e>l ( ,wessex1 accompani$ possibly by 8 sons ,h>old & ,to/ig3 ,le(ric1 ,e>l ( ,m]cia1 ! #8grim e>l' ( ,t5nyson's poem1 husb& ( ! fam\s ,godiva3 & ,siw>d1 ,e>l ( ,nor?umbria1 ! old ,siw>d ( ,%akespe>e's ,macbe?--& sugge/s a /rik+ subject = pictorial repres5tation1 :i* z yet1 un=tunately1 no arti/'s bru% has attempt$4 ,x 0 d\btless 9 ! national int]e/ t ! ?ree rival e>ls 7 l$ to comb9e to support ! k+ aga9/ 8 "m1 b we _c b regret t ! circum/ance :i* unit$ ?is notable & noble trio toge!r 9 ! support ( ! k+--probably ! only occasion 9 8 reign :5 ! k+ ev] comm&$ _! unit$ support--%\ld n h be5 "o m h]oic ?an t ( =c+ a def5celess if grasp+ old woman to r5d] up ! keys ( h] treasure-*e/4 ,we h "o m picture ( ! #8,old ,lady'--! leg5d ( ,que5 ,emma & ! pl\gh%>es1 a leg5d peculi>ly *>act]i/ic ( m$iaeval s5tim5t1 :i* is qua9tly n>rat$ 9 full & *>m+ detail by m ?an "o *ronicl]4 ,h] enemies _h sl&]\sly connect$ h] "n ) t ( ,alw9e1 ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 & %e _h appeal$ to ! ordeal by fire to cle> h] reputation4 ,com+ f ,:]well ,abbey1 :]e %e _h be5 =c$ to retire = refuge1 %e _h pass$ ! night 9 pray] & fa/+1 & 9 ! morn+1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! k+ & a great conc\rse ( p1 %e _h be5 l$ =w>d by two bi%ops1 to pass b>efoot$ ov] n9e r$-hot pl\gh%>es laid 9 ord] 9 ! nave ( ! ,old ,m9/] *ur*4 ,yet su* 0 ! pot5cy ( ! protection %e d]iv$ f h] blameless conduct & unsulli$ consci5ce1 t %e 0 n only unh>m$ b _h actually pass$ ov] ! pl\gh%>es be=e %e became consci\s t %e _h ev5 rea*$ !m1 :]eupon ! k+1 ov]:elm$ ) contrition & remorse1 implor$ h] =giv5ess1 9 ! words ( ! rep5tant prodigal3 8,"m1 ,i h s9n$ aga9/ ,heav5 & be=e !e & am no m wor?y to be call$ ?y son02 :ile 9 tok5 ( 8 s9c]ity he pres5t$ 8 own body be=e ! que5 & ! bi%ops = puni%m5t4 ,! bi%ops t\*$ him ea* ) a rod1 aft] :i* ! pi\s k+ receiv$ ?ree /rokes f ! h& ( 8 weep+ "m4 ,! ,w9*e/] *ronicl]1 consci\s ( a #8divid$ duty1' has manag$ v dext]\sly to extricate ! k+ f sev]e c5sure1 :ile hon\rably loyal to ! lady p>am\nt ( 8 city4 ,9 #ajeb ,emma di$1 & 0 buri$ by h] second husb&'s side 9 ! ,old ,m9/]4 ,h] bones /ill re/1 z already m5tion$1 m+l$ ) 81 9 "o ( ! ,ca!dral mortu>y *e/s4 ,aft] ,emma's dea? ,edw>d ! ,confessor 0 frequ5tly at ,w9*e/]2 he reviv$ ! practice ( ! e>li] ,saxon k+s1 & 8wore 8 cr[n at ,w9*e/] at ,ea/] "t0--9 o!r words1 held 8 ,ea/] ,c\rt !re4 ,into ! details ( 8 reign we ne$ n ent]4 ,mo/ /rik+1 p]haps1 f ! po9t ( view ( our ,w9*e/] annals1 is ! amaz+ accumulation ( extravagant leg5d1 b5ea? :i* ! hi/ory ( ?is reign is buri$ & obscur$4 ,"o su* leg5d we h j relat$2 ano!r "o is t ( ! my/]i\s dea? ( ,e>l ,godw9e4 ,! ,*ronicle records ! circum/ance briefly & naturally4 8,on ! second ,ea/] day he 0 sitt+ ) ! k+ at refection 7d\btless at ,wolvesey7 :5 he sudd5ly sank d[n by ! foot/ool1 depriv$ ( spee* & ( all p[]4444 ,he cont9u$ s1 spee*less & p[]less1 until ! ,?ursday1 & !n resign$ 8 life1 & he lies )9 ! ,old ,m9/]40 ,a pla9 /ory1 pla9ly told--an old man1 a sudd5 /roke ( p>alysis1 & dea? 9 its natural c\rse4 ,b n s 9 ! h&s ( ! fifte5?-c5tury annali/2 ! /ory _h gr[n1 by ! sn[ball pr9ciple1 by !n3 ,godw9e 0 no fri5d ( ! monks1 & ,edw>d 0 a ,sa9t--! ,confessor4 ,godw9e 9 ?is acc\nt1 :ile fea/+ at ! royal table1 is "u griev\s suspicion ( compass+ ! dea? ( ! k+'s bro!r1 ,alfr$ ! !l+4 ,a cupbe>]1 9 h&+ ! cup to ! k+1 slips ) "o foot on ! floor1 b dext]\sly recov]s 8 balance ) ! o!r foot4 8,?us10 rem>k$ ,godw9e1 8bro!r br+s aid to bro!r40 ,! k+ retorts fi]cely1 8,b = ! wiles ( ,e>l ,godw9e1 my bro!r w\ld h be5 able to be> aid to me40 ,! e>l e>ne/ly prote/+1 & 9 tok5 ( 8 innoc5ce1 lifts a piece ( bread1 pray+ t x may *oke him if he is 9 any way complicat$ 9 ! crime ( murd]4 ,! pi\s k+ solemnly blesses ! bread1 :i* proves a fatal m\?ful1 = 8,satan ent]$ into him :5 he _h receiv$ ! sop10 & ! e>l falls spee*less be=e ! inc5s$ k+1 :o spurns ! body ) 8 foot1 :ile 8 sons ,h>old & ,to/ig remove x1 & lat] on bury x surreptiti\sly 9 ! ,ca!dral4 ,s 0 hi/ory writt5 #8once ^u a "t4' ,:]eab\ts 9 ! ,ca!dral ! great e>l 0 buri$ is unkn[n4 ,"o m leg5d--= leg5d1 un=tunately1 we mu/ s deem x--! leg5d ( ,abbot ,alwyn & ! monks ( ,newan ,myn/re1 & we mu/ conclude4 ,edw>d's reign is m>k$ by ! /ruggle betwe5 ,saxon & ,norman int]e/ = supremacy 9 ,engl&1 & to ! ,confessor ,norman art1 ,norman culture1 ,norman ?\ght 7 de>4 ,d\btless 8 in/9ct 0 s f> "r1 b1 unaccompani$ z x 0 by any national s5tim5t or atta*m5t1 ?is pr$ilection mu/ be acc\nt$ 9 him a weakness1 & n a virtue1 & opposition to ! k+'s policy took on a national & !re=e patriotic col\r4 ,?is 0 reflect$ 9 ! ,w9*e/] religi\s h\ses1 & ! ,newan ,myn/re1 /aun* 9 its atta*m5t to ! ,saxon cause1 became ! rally+ po9t = ,saxon patriotism1 :ile ! ,old ,m9/] _h lean+s t[>ds ! ,norman cause4 ,?us x came ab\t t :51 on ! ,confessor's dea?1 ,h>old m>*$ to ,s5lac to repel ! ,norman invad]1 ,abbot ,alwyn & twelve monks ( ,newan ,myn/re donn$ coats ( mail1 %\ld]$ ea* a battleaxe1 & f\ght /]nly & h]oically 9 def5ce ( ! cause4 ,!re1 9 ! ?icke/ ( ! fight1 !y pli$ _! axes bravely1 & :5 all 0 ov] _! bodies 7 f\nd1 ly+ dead r\nd ! dead k+'s bann]1 & x 0 se5 f _! habit t !y 7 monks ( ! ,new ,m9/] at ,w9*e/]4 ,! ,norman ,conqu]or1 on be+ in=m$ ( ! discov]y1 rem>k$ ) grim irony t 8! ,abbot 0 wor? a b>ony1 & ea* ( ! monks a manor10 & mulct$ ! ,new ,m9/] accord+ly4 ,! /ory1 :i* is to be f\nd 9 ,dugdale's ,mona/icon1 is picturesque & appeal+--un=tunately !re is no confirmation ( x4 ,x is n giv5 9 ! ,*ronicle1 nor 9 any local s\rces su* z ! ,hyde ,abbey records 7:]e assur$ly x w\ld h be5 pres]v$71 9 ,rudborne1 or ! ,annales de ,w9tonia4 ,rudborne gives1 inde$1 a long li/ ( l&s :i* ! ,conqu]or depriv$ ! ,new ,m9/] (1 b t 9 itself w\ld be no confirmation ( ! /ory1 = 9 ! same passage he /ates t ,william also seiz$ l&s belong+ to ! ,old ,m9/]4 ,william1 x is true1 kept ! ,abbacy ( ! ,new ,m9/] vacant = "s two ye>s1 b t aga9 0 b an act ( m9or tyranny1 too famili> to call = mu* rem>k4 ,! /ory1 inde$1 appe>s to be q discr$it$ by ! entries 9 ,domesday ,book1 :i* seem to af=d no evid5ce ( spoliation1 b r to prove t ! ,new ,m9/] l&s 7 add$ to by ,william1 :ile ! ,old ,m9/] c]ta9ly suff]$ at 8 h&s2 & we fe> t ! /ory ( ! abbot & ! twelve monks ( ,new ,m9/] mu/1 l s _m o!rs1 be (f]$ up reluctantly z "o m sacrifice on ! alt> ( hi/orical accuracy4 ,! subject may be pursu$ 9 ! ,victoria ,hi/ory ( ,hamp%ire1 :]e x is fully discuss$4 ,) ,h>old's dea? on ,s5lac field ,w9*e/] op5s on a new phase4 ,saxon hi/ory 9 ,w9*e/] is glori\s & fasc9at+1 b ( ,saxon build+s 9 ,w9*e/] few visible traces rema94 ,norman ,w9*e/] is ) u /ill1 & "u ! ,normans ,w9*e/] 0 to exp& & atta9 great] outw>d beauty & glory ?an p]haps a ?\s& ye>s ( undilut$ ,saxon rule w\ld ev] h conf]r$ ^u h]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k+',s ,,gate1 ,,w9*e/] ,! smalle/ ( ! five orig9al gates ( ,w9*e/]1 ( :i* x & ,we/gate alone are /&+ n[4 ,abutt+ on ! great gate ( ,/4 ,s)un's ,priory--n[ ! ,close ,gate--x 0 burnt d[n dur+ ! ,b>ons' ,w>1 & :5 rebuilt a small *ur* 0 built above x = ! use ( ! lay s]vitors ( ! ,priory4 ,?is *ur* is n[ ! ,p>i% ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,s)un's1 ,w9*e/]4 ,an absurd local tradition connects ! "n ) ! numb] ( sov]eigns ( ! realm :o h pass$ b5ea? x4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,norman ,,w9*e/] ,tempora mutantur et nos mutamur 9 illis4 ,x is safe to say t no o!r ev5t s ?or\ghly affect$ ! =tunes ( ,w9*e/] z ! ,norman ,conque/4 ,n only 0 ! city completely trans=m$ 9 outw>d =m1 b its relation%ip to ! c\ntry at l>ge 0 to und]go pr(\nd modification1 & a tra9 ( political circum/ance op5$ up ! effect ( :i* 0 ultimately to deprive h] ( ! lead+ national position %e _h hi!rto occupi$1 & to relegate h] to second if n l[] rank 9 ! national polity4 ,! decl9e ( ,w9*e/] 01 h[ev]1 z yet /ill f> di/ant1 & ! imm$iate result ( ,norman rule 0 to br+ ,w9*e/] into ev5 great] prom95ce ?an 9 ! clos+ ye>s ( ,saxon rule4 ,we h spok5 ( ,w9*e/] z ! capital ( ,saxon ,engl&1 & s x _h be51 b n 9 ! exclusive s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is employ$ n[adays4 ,9 fact1 9 ! mod]n s5se1 viz4 t ( a p]man5t seat & headqu>t]s ( gov]nm5t1 no capital exi/$ !n at all4 ,! details ( gov]nm5t 7 f> less complex1 gov]nm5t z an art f> less specializ$ & f> less an exact sci5ce1 & its :ole "* took on a f> m p]sonal & direct complexion ?an at pres5t1 s t :ile ,w9*e/] & ,london might bo? correctly en\gh be t]m$ capitals 9 ! s5se t ! p]man5t symbols ( rule1 ! (ficial records1 & s =?1 7 kept 9 !m1 x 0 9 reality ! k+'s headqu>t]s1 :]ev] he might happ5 to be1 t =m$ ! effective capital4 ,b ?\gh ,w9*e/] 0 be+1 & _h be5 = _m ye>s pa/1 h>d press$ by ,london1 %e /ill reta9$ ! ,royal ,treasury1 & ! /ate records 7 /ill kept !re1 & %e c\ld !re=e /ill claim some?+ m ?an a nom9al pre-em95ce1 ev5 ?\gh ! gr[? & comm]cial developm5t ( ,london 7 rapidly dim9i%+ h] relative influ5ce4 ,! position ( ,london ,william _h recogniz$ by be+ cr[n$ !re1 be=e ! c]emony _h be5 c>ri$ out at ,w9*e/] or else:]e2 b o!r circum/ances--political motives1 reasons ( p]sonal conv5i5ce1 & inde$ ( p]sonal pref]5ce--drew him l>gely to ,w9*e/]4 ,inde$1 :5 9 ,engl& he #8wore 8 cr[n1' i4e4 held 8 c]emonial c\rt1 ?ree times a ye>--at ,london at ,p5teco/1 at ,gl\ce/] at ,*ri/mas1 & at ,ea/]1 ! lead+ fe/ival ( ! ye>1 at ,w9*e/]4 ,& bo? policy & conv5i5ce 7 l>gely involv$ 9 ,william's action4 ,communication 0 sl[ & difficult1 ! c\ntry sp>sely habit$1 & gov]nm5t !n1 ev5 m ?an n[adays1 re/$ on pre/ige--! appeal to imag9ation4 ,william _h pos$ z ! lawful heir to ! ,saxon ?rone2 he appeal$1 :5ev] he c\ld advantage\sly d s1 = sanction = 8 acts to ! laws ( ,cnut or ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 & he 0 f> too presci5t a rul] to und]e/imate ! effect produc$ on 8 ,saxon subjects1 by 8 sitt+ on ! ?rone ( 8 pr$ecessors & rul+ 8 ,saxon subjects 9 _! hi/oric c5tre ( rule1 q ap>t f ! subtle appeal 8 s do+ made to 8 own p]sonal vanity4 ,moreov]1 ap>t f all p]sonal consid]ations1 ! position ( ,w9*e/] m>k$ x out z a natural capital--= ,engl& 0 aft] all b a "p ( 8 realm1 & ! ,engli% ,*annel 0 ! bridge betwe5 x & ! ,norman prov9ces1 ) ! e/u>ies ( ,s\?ampton & ( ! ,se9e z ! ends ( ! bridge4 ,inde$1 z long z ! l9k ) ,norm&y rema9$ firm1 ,w9*e/] c\ld hold its head up high4 ,:5 ,norm&y fell away1 ,w9*e/] decl9$ also4 ,b beyond ^! reasons ( /ate1 ,w9*e/] appeal$ p]sonally to ! ,conqu]or's passion = ! *ase4 ,! great =e/s all r\nd x--= x 0 /ill b a cle>+1 z x 71 9 ! great primeval =e/--af=d$ him facilities = hunt+ at 8 conv5i5ce1 su* z few o!r spots c\ld (f]4 ,"h !n he erect$ a royal resid5ce1 "s scanty traces ( :i* may /ill be se52 "h1 v %ortly aft]1 ! inevitable sign ( ,norman dom9ation1 a great1 impregnable1 & awe-inspir+ =tress 0 to be se5 rapidly ris+ on ! high gr\nd 9 ! s\?-we/]n angle ( ! city area1 & "h too--&1 we are glad to say1 almo/ equally inevitably--,norman culture & ,norman devotion exp5d$ !mselves 9 rais+ a /ately & glori\s temple = ! wor%ip ( ,god1 wor?y alike 9 ! dignity ( its conception1 ! beauty ( its execution1 & ! scale ( gr&eur on :i* x 0 c>ri$ out4 ,add$ to1 modifi$1 recon/ruct$ or trans=m$1 z v>i\s ( its p>ts h subsequ5tly be51 x is 9 ess5tial features ! ,norman ,ca!dral1 :i* is /&+ /ill1 & :i* is ! glory ( ,s\!rn ,engl& to-day4 ,=emo/ among ! que/ions ( ! "t 0 t ( ecclesia/ical policy4 ,william proce$$ ) caution4 ,! position ( ,/ig&1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 _h long be5 canonically irregul>1 = he held ,w9*e/] z well z ,cant]bury1 & he 0 guilty ( o!r irregul>ities also1 & s at fir/ ,william assum$ a non-committal attitude t[>ds him4 ,he refus$ to p]mit him to (ficiate at 8 coronation1 b treat$ him ) respect & c\rtesy1 until a conv5i5t opportunity arose to depose him1 :5 he _h him br\ght to trial & depriv$4 ,! rema9+ ye>s ( 8 life ,/ig& sp5t z a k9d ( /ate prison] 9 ,w9*e/]4 ,_m tales are told ( 8 ho>d$ weal? & 8 p5uri\s habits2 a "p ( x1 a great crucifix ( massive gold & silv]1 he be/[$ ^u ! ,ca!dral4 ,he 0 buri$ )9 its walls1 & a figure ( him has be5 ( rec5t times plac$ 9 "o ( ! ni*es on ! great ,alt> ,scre54 ,/ig&'s deposition made room = two notable appo9tm5ts4 ,lanfranc1 p]haps ! ke5e/ intellect ( ! day1 c]ta9ly ! =emo/ among ecclesia/ical /atesm51 0 made ar*bi%op4 ,william ,walkelyn1 a relative1 !re is "s reason to believe1 ( ! ,conqu]or1 became ! fir/ ,norman bi%op ( ,w9*e/]4 ,walkelyn enjoy$ a high reputation alike = le>n+ & = p]sonal piety4 ,! monki% au?or ( ! ,annales de ,w9tonia describes him z a man 8( p]fect piety & sanctity ( life1 end[$ ) wondr\s sagacity & )al ( su* ab/95ce t he es*ew$ bo? meat & fi% & r>ely ta/$ w9e or mead1 & !n only ) extreme mod]ation40 ,to su* a man1 imbu$ ) ! culture z well z ! g5ius ( ,norman civilization1 ! ,saxon ,ca!dral ( !lwold--albeit b>ely "o hundr$ ye>s be=e x _h seem$ s sublime to ! re/rict$ & untutor$ imag9ation ( prec5tor ,wulf/an--appe>$ meagre & q insuffici5t4 ,he set to "w to rebuild ! ,ca!dral1 & ?is fact alone mu/ s]ve to make 8 "n ev] memorable among ! ' mak]s ( ,w9*e/]4' ,walkelyn's build+ f> exce$$ 9 proportions ! ,saxon "o x replac$4 ,x is a moot po9t h[ f> ! sites ( ! two build+s 7 id5tical1 & a passage 9 ! ,annales de ,w9tonia seems to %[ !y c]ta9ly 7 n entirely s1 ?\gh 9 any case !y c\ld n h diff]$ mu*2 b 9 hi/oric cont9uity1 9 ! du/ ( ! e>ly k+s x pres]v$1 9 ! %r9es ( ! sa9ts :i* x display$ to ! dev\t1 x 0 /ill ! hi/oric ca!dral ( ! ,saxon capital1 trans=m$ & glorifi$ inde$ on a scale ( noble va/ness & dignity hi!rto unattempt$ 9 ,engl&4 ,=emo/ among ca!dral traditions is ! /ory ( ! build+ ( ! ro(1 record$ 9 ! same ,annales de ,w9tonia to :i* ref]5ce has be5 sev]al times already made1 & 9 !m alone4 ,walkelyn _h /ra9$ 8 res\rces to ! full1 & /ill ne$$ timb] = ! ro(4 ,he appli$ accord+ly to ! ,conqu]or = a grant ( timb]1 & receiv$ p]mission to take f "o ( 8 woods--,hempage ,wood1 ne> ,av+ton1 five miles f ,w9*e/]--z mu* timb] z he c\ld fell & c>t away )9 ?ree days4 8,make hay :ile ! k+ smiles10 0 ! bi%op's maxim4 ,he collect$ a :ole army ( wood-cutt]s1 c>t]s1 teams ( horses1 & 9 ?ree days remov$ e timb] tree 9 ! wood1 leav+ "o oak only1 ! s-call$ ,gospel ,oak "u :i* tradition report$ ,augu/9e to h prea*$4 ,unw>rant$ z ! tradition appe>s to h be51 x s]v$ to protect ! tree1 :i* /ill /&s1 ?\gh to all appe>ance dead1 an int]e/+ rem9d] ( ,walkelyn & 8 ca!dral4 ,:5 ,william discov]$ :at a sweep ! bi%op _h made ( 8 8mo/ delectable wood10 he 0 furi\s1 & 0 only ) difficulty appeas$4 8,c]ta9ly z ,i 0 too lib]al 9 my grant1 s y 7 too exact+ 9 ! advantage y took ( x10 he said1 :5 at l5g? he readmitt$ ! bi%op to 8 pres5ce & 8 fav\r4 ,! /ory acquires additional int]e/ f ! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ^! huge & v5]able timb]s4 ,= "s #hjj ye>s !y h cont9u$ to support ! mighty ro(1 ?\gh q rec5tly "s ( !m h _h to be replac$1 ow+ to ! de/ructiv5ess ( a grub--! grub ( ! ,sirex gigas--:i* _h 9 places eat5 !m ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,a portion ( "o ( ^! beams ) a specim5 ( ! de/ructive sirex c be se5 9 ! city museum1 & curios made ( ?is s-call$ #8ca!dral oak'--?\gh mu* ( x by ! way is *e/nut--are be+ sold n[ = ! b5efit ( ! ,ca!dral ,pres]vation ,fund3 ?us is exemplifi$ ,e>l ,godw9e's rem>k1 8,bro!r br+s aid to bro!r40 ,two o!r items relative to ,walkelyn are ( int]e/4 ,curi\sly en\gh--& x speaks eloqu5tly = 8 deta*m5t ( m9d & fre$om f pr(essional n>r[ness--he want$ at fir/ to revoke !lwold's policy & put back secul> canons = monks4 ,! monks 7 agha/1 &1 m important /ill1 ,lanfranc 0 ho/ile1 & accord+ly aft] a /ruggle ! bi%op gave way & ab&on$ ! project4 ,! o!r item is ! connection betwe5 ,walkelyn & ! great ,fair ( ,/4 ,giles1 to :i* ref]5ce has be5 already made4 ,walkelyn p]suad$ ,william's son1 ,william ,rufus1 to grant him ! "r to a ?ree days' ,fair1 on ! hill ea/w>d ( ! city1 & to apply ! tolls s obta9$ to ! erection ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,to ! developm5t & fur!r hi/ory ( ! ,fair we %all return 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,! resid5ce or #8,palace' ( ! ,conqu]or /ood 9 ! v c5tre ( ! city1 ne> :]e ! ,butt] ,cross /&s n[1 & abutt+ ^u ! ,newan ,myn/re4 ,inde$1 to obta9 room = x ! monks 7 despoil$ ( "p ( _! site4 ,int]e/+ rema9s ( x exi/ 9 ! ?ick walls & ! cav]n\s cell>s ( ! anci5t h\ses :i* n[ occupy ! spot--! latt] vividly sugge/ive ( dungeons & ( ! ,isaac ( ,york episode 9 ,scott's ,ivanhoe4 ,close at h& 7 ! ,royal ,treasury & ! ,m9t1 & almo/ )9 hail 7 ! qu>t]s ( ! k+'s execution]s1 :om he kept always ready #8laid on1' z x 7--a gruesome rem9d] ( ! d>k] tones 9 :i* life 9 ,norman times 0 pa9t$4 ,! rule ( ! ,norman ,conqu]or 0 "o :i* pr(\ndly impress$ ! imag9ation bo? ( 8 contempor>y subjects & ( succe$+ g5]ations4 ,no hi/orical ev5ts h be5 m picturesquely told or m repeat$ly dwelt ^u ?an ! /ories ( ,curfew ,bell1 ( ,domesday ,book1 ( ! ,feudal ,sy/em1 & ( ! ,new ,=e/--all ^! c5tre 9 "s =m or o!r ei!r r\nd ,w9*e/] or ! imm$iate locality4 ,! hi/ory ( ,william's reign1 z pres5t$ 9 our hi/ory books to *ildr5 at lea/1 might inde$ be almo/ entirely con/ruct$ out ( ,w9*e/] & its memorials4 ,! curfew ord9ance1 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>tyr ,,wor?y ,"o ( ! old-_w villages1 "s few miles above ,w9*e/]1 ly+ 9 a rea* ( ! riv] ,it*5 ( unusual beauty & *>m4 ! ord] to ext+ui% fires & put out lights--probably z mu* a wise precaution to dim9i% risk ( fire 9 cr[d$ t[ns built ma9ly ( wood z directly political 9 purpose1--0 fir/ promulgat$ "h4 ,"h fir/ ( all curfew 0 rung1 z x has rung nightly ev] s9ce4 ,=m]ly x rang f ! little *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] 9 ! ,%ambles1 beh9d ,godbiete2 n[ x r+s f ! old ,guild ,hall--! ,hall1 9 e>li] days1 ( ! ,guild ,m]*ant ( ,w9*e/]4 ,ano!r ev5t :i* affect$ ! popul> imag9ation ev5 m pr(\ndly 0 ! great survey ( ! k+dom1 ! results ( :i* 7 embodi$ 9 ! ,domesday ,book1 s call$ because1 z ,rudborne says1 8x sp>e? no "o1 j l ! great ,day ( ,doom40 ,! compilation ( x 0 reg>d$ z a great act ( oppression4 8,inquisition 0 ev5 made z to h[ _m animals suffic$ = ! tillage ( "o hide ( l&40 ,9 reality x 0 an act ( /atesmanlike adm9i/ration1 ! object ( :i* 0 to collect accurate in=mation = ! purpose ( assess+ #8geld1' or dues = milit>y s]vice4 ,exact assessm5t = taxes is evid5tly n a mod]n t]ror m]ely1 nor is ! mod]n income tax-pay] ! only "o :o has object$ to inquisitorial modes ( assessm5t4 ,w9*e/] & ,london 7 omitt$ f ,domesday ,book altoge!r--an omission :i* 0 repair$1 z f> z ,w9*e/] is conc]n$1 9 ,h5ry ,i4's reign1 :5 ! ,w9*e/] ,domesday ,book1 z x 0 call$1 0 compil$4 ,ne$less to say1 ,domesday ,book 0 m]ely ! popul> "n = x2 its real "n 0 ! ,rotulus ,w9toni5sis1 or ,book ( ,w9*e/]1 sometimes t]m$ ,rotulus ,regis or ,k+'s ,book4 ,domesday ,book 0 kept at ,w9*e/]1 & a copy ( x at ,we/m9/]4 ,! orig9al is n[ 9 ! ,rolls ,(fice4 ,x is c]ta9ly notewor?y t ,w9*e/] %\ld h giv5 bir? to ! two mo/ valuable records ( national hi/ory :i* ?is c\ntry has ev] possess$1 two records :i* no o!r nation c f9d any p>allel to1 viz4 ! ,engli% ,*ronicle & ! ,domesday ,book4 ,! value ( ! latt] is t x gives u 9 absolutely unque/ionable =m ! raw mat]ial ( hi/ory1 unw>p$ by p]sonal bias1 uncol\r$ by tradition4 ,by means ( x we c put to exact te/ _m ( ! "t-hon\r$ /atem5ts1 accept$ = g5]ation aft] g5]ation )\t "q or demur1 & 9 t fi]ce crucible _m & _m a leg5d>y tradition treasur$ hi!rto z curr5t hi/orical co91 has be5 melt$ d[n & reveal$ z a spuri\s tok5 m]ely4 ,su* a "o we probably h 9 ! /ory already relat$ ( ,abbot ,alwyn & ! monks ( ,newan ,myn/re2 ! /ory ( ! af=e/ation ( ! ,new ,=e/ is ano!r4 ,b ! ,new ,=e/1 ?\gh local1 is r beyond our scope3 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! full] volume on ,hamp%ire = a discussion ( ?is topic3 &1 inde$1 ! /ory ( ,norman ,w9*e/] is full en\gh z x is--replete ) _m a ?rill+ sc5e1 _m a notable hi/orical figure4 ,william himself1 /rong1 /]n1 f>-see+ & det]m9$1 a lead] among m51 t[]+ head & %\ld]s above 8 contempor>ies1 capable ( cruelty1 h>d & grasp+1 inde$1 z 7 all :o /rove to rule 9 ^? /]n days1 b nev] small or mov$ by petty spite4 8,he no?+ common did or mean10 might almo/ be said ( him4 ,& side by side ) him1 ,lanfranc ! ,italian1 smoo?1 supple1 a/ute--l ,william1 a ma/] m9d1 a great man1 b ) ! greatness ( ! ecclesia/ical /atesman r ?an ( ! sa9t or ev5 ! s*ol>2 & 9 %>p contra/ ,walkelyn ! ,norman1 ! high-m9d$1 ! consci5ti\s1 ! ascetic--a s*ol> & a devotee r ?an a /atesman2 & aft] ^! a ho/ ( m9or p]sonalities1 /rik+ & int]e/+ en\gh1 too1 9 _! way4 ,=emo/ among ^! /&s ,wal!(1 ,e>l ( ,hunt+don1 son ( ! great ,siw>d1 ,e>l ( ,nor?umbria4 ,a picturesque & pa!tic figure he is1 ) c]ta9 virtues & high qualities all unfitt$ = 8 "t4 ,poor ,wal!(--l ,saul ( old1 8 outw>d man /rik+ & tall & goodly to look ^u1--0 ! idol ( ,william's ,saxon subjects4 ,b ! fair ext]ior cov]$ aft] all b a weak & irresolute s\l1 no mat* = ! ma/] m9d ( ,william1 :o read him ?r\gh & ?r\gh z a read] reads 8 book4 ,yet ?\gh 9 8 weakness ,william despis$ him1 9 8 popul>ity ,william fe>$ him1 & :5 d5\nc$ by 8 trea*]\s ,norman wife = ! m]ely col\rable "p he _h play$ 9 ! ,bridal ( ,norwi*-- ,t bride-ale ,t 0 _m m5's bale-- ,william1 deaf to all entreaty1 kept him a close prison]1 & f9ally1 at ! ,p5teco/al ,gemt held at ,w9*e/]1 _h s5t5ce ( dea? pron\nc$ ^u him4 ,swiftly & secretly ! ord] 0 c>ri$ out1 & on ,may #ca1 ,/4 ,petronilla's day1 at e>ly dawn1 :ile ! m5 ( ,w9*e/] 7 9 _! b$s1 ,wal!( 0 l$ out to execution on ,/4 ,giles's ,hill4 ,he came array$ 9 full dress z an e>l1 we>+ 8 badges ( rank1 & on rea*+ ! place ( execution knelt d[n to pray4 ,he cont9u$ sometime 9 pray] :ile ! execution]1 fe>+ int]ruption1 grew re/ive & impati5t4 8,wait yet a little mom5t10 plead$ ! victim2 8let me1 at lea/1 say ! ,"l's ,pray] = me & = !e10 & ! ,e>l's voice 0 he>d utt]+ ! petitions "o by "o1 till at ! words1 8,lead u n into temptation10 ! axe desc5d$4 ,b1 z ! sev]$ head fell f ! body1 ! lips 7 se5 /ill to be mov+1 & ! words1 8,b deliv] u f evil10 7 di/9ctly he>d4 ,su* is ! mov+ acc\nt we h ( ,wal!('s dea?4 ,! la/ *apt] ( ! /ory belongs r to ,cr[l& ?an to ,w9*e/]4 ,buri$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance obscurely at ,w9*e/]1 8 body 0 lat] on p]mitt$ to be re9t]r$ at ,cr[l&1 &1 on rais+ x1 ! head 0 f\nd to be miracul\sly reunit$ to ! trunk1 a ?9 r$ l9e alone reveal+ ! dea? he _h di$4 ,k+sley has told x 9 ma/]ly /yle 9 ,h]ew>d ! ,wake & ! episode ( 8 false wife ,judi?'s visit to h] husb&'s tomb =ms a ?rill+ incid5t mo/ picturesquely told4 ,( ,h]ew>d himself ,w9*e/] hi/ory is sil5t1 b ,k+sley1 9 ano!r /rik+ passage1 br+s him too ^u our local /age1 :5 he rides to ,w9*e/] to make submission to ! k+4 ,) 8 companions he rides along ! ,roman road :i* leads /ill f ,sil*e/]1 till1 f ! top ( ! d[ns1 !y cat* sight ( ! city ly+ b5ea? !m4 ,)9 ! city rose ! anci5t ,m9/] ,*ur*1 built by ,e!lwold--anci5t ev5 !n--:]e slept ! anci5t k+s1 ,k5nulf1 ,egb]t1 & ,e!lwulf1 ! ,saxons2 & by !m ! ,danes1 ,canute ! ,great & ,h>dicanute 8 son1 & ,norman ,emma1 8 wife1 & ,e!lr$'s be=e him2 & ! great ,e>l ,godw91 :o seem$ to ,h]ew>d to h di$ n tw5ty b two hundr$ ye>s ago2 & x may be an old ,saxon hall ^u ! little isle1 :i!r ,edg> _h bidd5 br+ ! heads ( all ! wolves 9 ,wessex1 :]e aft]w>ds ! bi%ops built ,wolvesey ,palace4 ,b ne>] to !m1 on ! d[ns :i* slop$ up to ! we/1 /ood an ugli] ?+1 :i* !y saw ) curses deep & l\d--! keep ( ! new ,norman ca/le by ! we/ gate4 ,we w n /op to discuss ?is /rik+ passage2 & ?\gh ,h]ew>d be b a figure import$ into our local hi/ory1 ! ca/le :i* he saw 01 bo? !n & = _m ye>s to come1 ! mo/ noticeable & /rik+ feature 9 ,w9*e/]1 z also ! lead+ outw>d symbol ( ! ,norman pres5ce & p[]4 ,= c5turies x 0 to hold its place supreme1 to see "o sov]eign aft] o!r add & re-add to its palace1 to /& siege & batt]y1 to be ! resid5ce ( k+s & que5s1 to witness ! bir? ( m ?an "o heir to ! ?rone1 to ga!r )9 its walls c\ncils & p>liam5ts4 ,= #fjj ye>s x 0 to endure till ,cromwell laid siege to x1 & !n raz$ x to ! gr\nd1 all save ! great ,hall1 built 9 ,plantag5et days1 by ,h5ry ,,iii4 :i* /ill rema9s glori\s 9 its associations z 9 ! beauty ( its proportions4 ,yes1 ,h]ew>d & 8 companions might utt] curses l\d & deep1 = ! rebir? ( ! nation1 :i* ! ,norman p]iod h]ald$1 0 n accompli%$ )\t mu* lab\r & travail1 bo? ( body & ( _s2 b c\ld he h look$ =w>d1 z we c look back1 ^u all t ,norman rule has be5 ! /epp+-/one to1 bo? 9 ,w9*e/] & else:]e1 he w\ld h f\nd1 l ! unwill+ prophet ( old1 a bless+ on 8 lips & n a curse1 & we too %all be ready to (f] up our ,te ,deum 9 a _s ( ?ankfulness1 e>ne/ & s9c]e1 ?\gh ! appropriate accompanim5t to x be r a subdu$ /ra91 & 9 a m9or key1 ?an an unbrok5 outbur/ ( triumphal joy4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,lat] ,,norman ,,days ,!y %ot him dead on ! ,n9e-/one ,brig ,beside ! ,headless ,cross1 ,& !y left him ly+ 9 8 blood ,^u ! moor & moss4 ,,b>?ram',s ,dirge4 ,:5 ,william ! ,conqu]or di$1 ! l9k ) ,norm&y 0 tempor>ily sev]$1 & dur+ ! reign ( ,rufus ( evil memory ,w9*e/] decl9$ 9 political importance2 nor1 ap>t f "o or two episodes1 are ! ,w9*e/] memories ( ! reign ( a /rik+ "*4 ,x witness$1 inde$1 ! practical completion ( ,walkelyn's life-"w--! great ca!dral--z well z ! in/itution ( ,/4 ,giles's ,fair1 z already m5tion$1 b ^! belong 9 ess5ce1 ?\gh n 9 "t1 r to ! epo* ( ! ,conqu]or ?an to t ( 8 viol5t-m9d$ successor4 ,mo/ *>act]i/ic ( all ev5ts ( ! reign 0 ! long-drawn-out /ruggle betwe5 ,rufus & ,ar*bi%op ,anselm--8! fi]ce "y bull & ! old %eep10 z ,anselm himself _h 9 dismal progno/ication dubb$ !m4 ,on ,lanfranc's dea? 9 #ajhi ,william kept ! see vacant = sev]al ye>s1 z 0 8 practice 9 matt]s ( *ur* pref]m5t1 9 ! meantime %amelessly appropriat+ ! temporalities ( ! see2 & :5 z a result ( a dang]\s illness he at la/ agre$ to appo9t a successor1 x 0 only ) extreme reluctance & =ebod+s ( ill t ,anselm 0 at la/ prevail$ on to accept ! k+'s nom9ation4 ,anselm's fe>s 7 fully ju/ifi$1 & a /ate ( hopeless /rife soon exi/$ betwe5 ! two4 ,to all ,anselm's dem&s1 p>ticul>ly 8 dem& to g to ,rome = inve/iture1 ! k+ return$ an inflexible refusal1 until a crisis 0 rea*$ at a great c\ncil held 9 ,w9*e/]1 memorable z ! la/ p]sonal meet+ betwe5 ! k+ & ! ar*bi%op4 ,e =m ( pressure 0 br\ght to be> on ,anselm2 he refus$1 z a matt] ( consci5ce1 to give way1 & f9ally ann\nc$ 8 int5tion ( go+ to ,rome )\t ! k+'s sanction1 z he c\ld n g ) x4 ,! k+ rag$ & /orm$ 9 va91 till ,anselm1 z he turn$ to leave ! royal pres5ce1 begg$ p]mission to give him 8 bless+4 8,i refuse n ?y bless+10 said ! k+1 some:at subdu$2 he incl9$ 8 head1 & ,anselm sign$ ! sign ( ! cross ov] him4 ,!y nev] met aga94 ,! la/ sc5e ( all 9 ! reign is1 h[ev]1 ,w9*e/]'s mo/ dramatic1 z well z tragic1 recollection4 ,on ! aft]noon ( ,lammas ,day 7,augu/ #a71 #aajj1 news came to ,w9*e/] t ! ,r$ ,k+1 :o _h be5 hunt+ t day 9 ! ,new ,=e/1 _h ,illu/ration3 ,,wat]spla% ,,at ,,it*5 ,,/oke ,p]haps ! prettie/ rea* ( ! riv] ,it*5--& t is say+ a good deal--ly+ betwe5 ,it*5 ,/oke & ,ov+ton4 ,! road betwe5 !m crosses ! ma9 /ream 9 a delightful #8wat]spla%4' !re met a viol5t dea?4 ,pr9ce ,h5ry1 8 y\ng] bro!r1 ) 8 foll[]s _h spurr$ into ! city br++ ! tid+s1 _h seiz$ ! ,royal ,treasure1 & _h summon$ ! ,witan to pron\nce him k+4 ,mean:ile ! ,r$ ,k+'s body1 alone & unt5d$1 lay welt]+ 9 blood on ! spot :]e he _h fall51 till a *>coal-burn]1 ,purkess by "n1 travell+ along _h f\nd x & plac$ x 9 8 c>t1 t ! poor rema9s might at lea/ h dec5t sepulture 9 ! ca!dral ( ! diocese4 ,z ! news spread 9 ! city an eag] ?rong ga!r$ & wat*$ ! road to await ! sorry fun]al cortge1 z x made its m\rnful way1 probably along ! road f ,compton ?r\gh ! s\? gate1 & s into ! old mona/]y4 ,! int]m5t took place ! v next day1 "r "u ! t[]--8on ! ,?ursday he 0 sla91 & on ! morn+ aft] buri$02 & :5 a few ye>s lat] ! ,norman t[] fell ^u ! tomb1 m5 said x 0 ! ,r$ ,k+'s crimes & n /ructural weakness t _h occasion$ ! fall4 ,8 bones 7 transf]r$ lat] on to "o ( ! mortu>y *e/s on ! side scre5s ( ! *oir1 b popul> tradition /ill po9ts to a tomb b5ea? ! t[] z ! tomb :]e he 0 orig9ally buri$1 & speaks ( x z ,rufus's ,tomb4 ,& n[1 ) ,h5ry on ! ?rone1 ,w9*e/] resum$ its =m] political importance4 ,h5ry reunit$ ! ,norman prov9ces to ,engl&1 & ! old activity ( int]c\rse across ! seas 0 resum$4 ,b m ?an t1 ,h5ry id5tifi$ himself ) ! city m closely ?an any k+ has ev] done be=e or s9ce4 ,8 romantic m>riage ) ! ,saxon pr9cess ,eadgy?1 ( ,romsey ,abbey1 gr&-daught] ( ,edmund ,ironside1 made him popul>1 & aft] 8 m>riage he & 8 que5--! good que5 ,molde ! p call$ h]--made ,w9*e/] ,ca/le _! resid5ce1 & "h _! son ,william1 ! ill-fat$ h]o ( ! ,:ite ,%ip trag$y1 0 born4 ,) its old political position re/or$1 & ! k+ reign+ & resid+ "h 9 p]son1 ,w9*e/] rose to ! z5i? ( its importance 9 ,norman days4 ,a numb] ( ev5ts ( int]e/ are id5tifi$ ) ?is reign4 ,fir/ & =emo/1 ! bir? ( ,hyde ,abbey4 ,newan ,myn/re1 ! pi\s (fspr+ ( ,alfr$ & ,edw>d ! ,eld]1 _h s9ce ! translation ( ,s)un's bones1 dur+ !lwold's rgime1 /eadily decl9$ 9 importance1 & its activity _h be5 mu* hamp]$4 ,! proximity to ! old] & m ext5sive f\ndation1 :i* eclips$ & ov]%ad[$ x 9 importance1 0 "o cause2 ano!r 0 ! cramp$ nature ( ! site ^u :i* ! ,new ,m9/] _h be5 erect$4 ,always small & conf9$1 s close 7 _! respective *ur*es t *ant+ 9 "o di/urb$ ! devotions 9 ! o!r4 ,! erection ( ,william ! ,conqu]or's palace _h made matt]s /ill worse1 & ! monks _h _h to =ego a portion ( _! already ov]-conge/$ area4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ,william ,giff>d1 :o _h succe$$ ,walkelyn z ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 obta9$ f ,h5ry p]mission to move ! mona/]y to ! village ( ,hyde 9 ! nor!rn suburbs ( ! city1 & "h ne> ,danem>k ,mead1 :]e ,guy ( ,w>wick 0 said to h vanqui%$ ,colbr& ! ,dane1 ! new /ructure 0 comm5c$4 ,! imm$iate result 0 highly satisfactory4 ,! monks ( ,/4 ,s)un's1 :o also _h suff]$ f ! ov]-close proximity & conge/ion1 z well z f ! rivalry ( its ov]-close neighb\r1 he>tily co-op]at$ & grant$ ! site = ! new abbey4 ,old rivalries 7 allay$1 & = a "t a _s ( cordiality prevail$1 :ile z a means ( rais+ funds to assi/ bo? h\ses ! k+'s grant ( a ?ree days' fair 0 add$ to1 & an ext5sion giv5 = five additional days1 mak+ eight altoge!r4 ,9 #aaaj all 0 ready1 & ! monks ( ,newan ,myn/re proce$$ 9 solemn procession to take possession ( _! new home1 be>+ ) !m _! sacr$ relics--! great cross ( gold giv5 by ,cnut & ,emma1 & ! rema9s ( _! illu/ri\s dead1 ,alfr$ & ,als)a & _! son ,edw>d1 = re9t]m5t 9 ! glori\s new ,abbey ,*ur*4 ,newan ,myn/re _h s f> la/$ = "s #bjj ye>s2 n[ x ent]$ on a new & amplifi$ exi/5ce--an exi/5ce de/9$ to endure = ov] #djj ye>s1 dur+ :i*1 z ,hyde ,abbey1 x 0 to ma9ta9 a pr\d & exalt$ position among ! mona/]ies ( ! l&1 till ,h5ry ,,viii4's commission]s dissolv$ & swept x away1 leav+ :at is n[ a scanty ru9 m]ely--a gateway & little else--to speak ( ! =m] glories ( ! once fam\s f\ndation ( ,alfr$ ! ,great4 ,( int]e/ & importance only second to t ( ! erection ( ,hyde ,abbey 0 ! appo9tm5t ( ! bi%op1 ,h5ry ( ,blois1 :o succe$$ to ! see on ! dea? ( ,william ,giff>d 9 #aabi--;a man ( high bir? & extreme em95ce1 :o 0 to play a lead+ "p bo? 9 ! national =tunes & 9 ! =tunes ( ! city = ov] =ty ye>s4 ,8 c>e] we %all deal ) m fully 9 ! next *apt]4 ,z to ! condition ( ,w9*e/] 9 ,h5ry's reign we h =tunately s\rces ( exact & unusually ample in=mation4 ,f ! ,domesday ,survey ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 ,w9*e/] & ,london _h be5 entirely omitt$4 ,h5ry gave ord]s = a ,w9*e/] ,domesday1 z x is sometimes t]m$1 to be compil$--a survey limit$1 x is true1 to ! k+'s l&s1 t is1 ! l&s 9 ,w9*e/] pay+ l&-tax & brug-tax 7! latt] a tax ( unc]ta9 nature1 p]haps dues on brew+74 ,?is 0 supplem5t$ by a second survey made "s ye>s aft] by ord] ( ,bi%op ,h5ry ( ,blois2 & ! results ( ! two surveys are ( peculi> importance & int]e/1 = ?\gh ! *ur* prop]ties are left entirely unnotic$1 we glean f x k1 n only ( ! /reets & prop]ties1 b also ( ! occupations & h&icrafts1 et hoc g5us omne1 ( ,norman ,w9*e/]4 ,! mode ( tak+ ! c5sus 0 peculi>4 ,eighty-six ( ! lead+ burgh]s 7 empanell$ & sworn to hold a gr& inque/1 & to return a fai?ful v]dict4 ,f _! lab\rs we ga!r n only t ! ,norman city1 9 its g5]al gr\nd plan1 its walls1 gates1 & ! dispositions ( its /reets1 reproduc$ v closely _m ( ! features ( ! orig9al city erect$ by ! ,romans1 b t t g5]al "* has rema9$ practically undi/urb$ to ! pres5t day4 ,! ma9 art]y & comm]cial ?or\ghf>e 0 !n1 z n[1 ! ,high ,/reet1 ref]r$ to only indirectly 9 ! c5sus z ,vicus ,magnus4 ,ne>ly all ! o!r /reets cross$ x at "r angles & 7 nam$ aft] ! diff]5t trades foll[$ 9 !m2 & we ga!r t 9 ,w9*e/]1 z 9 all o!r m$iaeval t[ns1 ea* trade _h its own special /reet or qu>t]1 & _! g5]al disposition 0 some:at accord+ to ! s*eme annex$4 ,"s few ( ^! names l+] /ill1 ?\gh practically all ! special indu/ries h long s9ce disappe>$4 ,m9/] ,/reet has surviv$ & = obvi\s reasons1 ,sildwort5e/ret & ,buc*e/rete h surviv$ to mod]n times 9 ,silv] ,hill & ,busket ,lane respectively1 :ile ,g]e ,/reet or ,g> ,/reet1 curi\sly en\gh1 survives1 ?\gh all b unrecognisably1 9 ,trafalg> ,/reet4 ,! li/ ( ! trades alone is l5g?y & v>i$1 & 9 itself a tell+ te/imony to ! prosp]ity ( ! city at ! "t4 ,! occupations ( clo?-weav+1 tailor+1 tann+1 rem9d u ( ! great indu/ry ( ! di/rict--%eep-re>+--! wool & o!r products ( :i* =m$ ! /aple attraction = cont95tal m]*ants to ?rong to ! city ,illu/ration3 ,we/gate4 ,! ,ca/le4 ---- ,snidel+e/ret 7or ,tailors' ,/reet71 n[ ,we/gate ,lane4 ,g]e/ret 7or ,g> ,/reet1 ---- ,br$5e/ret 7n[ ,/aple ,g>d5s74 n[ ,trafalg> ,/reet74 ,"h lat] on ! ,wool ,/aple 0 plac$4 ,golde/ret 7or ,gold ,/reet1 ---- ,sc[]t5e/ret 7,%oe-w>em5's n[ ,s\?gate ,/reet74 ,/reet or ,cobbl]s' ,/reet71 n[ ,jewry ,/reet4 ,! ,jewi% ,ghetto 0 "h--h5ce its pres5t "n4 ,calpe/ret 7or ,/4 ,?omas's ---- ,alw>5e/ret 7,all-w>es-m5's ,/reet74 ,/reet or ,drap]s' ,/reet71 7n[ disappe>$74 ,m5/re/ret 7n[ ,little ---- ,flesmang]e/ret 7,fle%-mong]s' ,m9/] ,/reet74 ,/reet or ,but*]s' ,%ambles71 n[ ,/4 ,pet]'s ,/reet4 ,! ,mona/ic ,qu>t]4 ---- ,sildwort5e/ret 7or ,%ieldw>e-m5's ,/reet71 n[ ,upp] ,brook ,/reet4 ,! "n survives 9 ,silv] ,hill4 -- ,w5eg]e/ret 7or ,wong> ,/reet71 n[ ,middle ,brooks4 -- ,tann]e/rete 7or ,tann]s' ,on ?is side also 0 ,/reet71 n[ ,l[] ,brook ,colobro*e/ret 7or ,colebrook ,/reet4 ,/reet74 ,close by 0 ! #a;,hanta*5esle1 ! qu>t]s -- ,buc*e/rete 7ne> ,ea/gate74 ( "o ( ! #8,gilds4' ,ea/gate4 dur+ ! fairs ( ,/4 ,giles4 ,! %ieldmak]s reflect its milit>y importance1 & ! goldsmi?s ! rank & mat]ial weal? ( ^? = :om x cat]$4 ,naturally en\gh1 _m o!r int]e/+ details are to be ga!r$ incid5tally1 e4g4 ! names ( ! inhabitants1 among :i* _m names /ill famili> z di/9ctively ,w9*e/] names are to be f\nd1 & _! v>i\s ranks & occupations4 ,we read1 = in/ance1 ( a m>ket ne> ! ?ree m9/]s1 ( :i* ! pres5t ,m>ket ,/reet is a survival2 ( #8e/als1' or /alls1 9 ! ,high ,/reet1 a ref]5ce ) a curi\s mod]n e*o1 inasmu* z ! /alls 9 ! ,high ,/reet & ,broadway h be5 q rec5tly ! s\rce ( mu* local he>t-burn+ & cont5tion2 ( #8es*eopes1' or %ops1 :i* _h belong$ to ! ,confessor's que51 ,edi?2 ( reeves 7prepositi71 & ( a #8/ret bidel' 7or /reet beadle74 ,"o curi\s entry relative to ,ea/gate speaks ( c]ta9 /eps :i* gave access to ! *ur* above ! gate 7qd grad ad asc5d5d ad ecclam sup port71 %[+ t ,k+'s ,gate 0 n alone among ! city gates 9 hav+ a little *ur* above x4 ,ano!r important feature we ga9 in=mation on is ! position ( ! ,gilds4 ,^! trade organisations _h n[ become important & fully organis$2 !y s]v$ = ! protection ( _! memb]s1 !y made regulations = ! conduct ( ! sev]al trades1 & _! headqu>t]s 7 us$ z clubs or places = g5]al meet+ & discussion--! latt] includ+ almo/ z a s9e qua non ale-dr9k+1 & t n always 9 mod]ation4 ,! ,survey conta9s ref]5ces to ?ree halls or #8gild' headqu>t]s--,la*5ictahalla 7or *5ictes' hall7 ne> ,we/gate1 ! ,*5i*etehalla ne> ,ea/gate 7on ! site ( ! pres5t ,/4 ,john's ,rooms71 & ! ,hanta*5esle 9 ,colebrook ,/reet4 ,:at ! v obscure t]m ,hanta*5esle1 appli$ to ! la/ nam$1 means is a problem on :i* s f> no satisfactory light has be5 ?r[n4 ,nor is x cle> :o ! #8cne*ts' or #8*5ictes' 7--:e!r1 z is g5]ally assum$1 !y 7 #8knights1' i4e4 "y m5 ( rank1 or #8cne*ts1' i4e4 sons ( burgh]s n yet admitt$ to ! #8,fre$om4' ,we read t at ! ,*5i*etehalla1 ! #8*5ictes' drank _! gild 7*5ictehalla ubi *5ictes potabant ,gildam suam71 & at ! ,hanta*5esle ! #8approv$' or freem5 drank !irs 7,hanta*5esle 444 ubi pbi homis ,w5t potabant ,gild su74 ,t ?is be]-dr9k+ 0 (t5 inord9ate we ga!r f v>i\s contempor>y ref]5ces1 su* z ,anselm's rebuke ( a c]ta9 monk :o 0 giv5 to frequ5t+ ! gilds & dr9k+ deeply3 9 multis inord9ate se agit et maxime 9 bib5do ut 9 gildis cum ebriosis bibat4 ,!re is also a ref]5ce to a #8,gihald' or #8,gihalla'--possibly a #8,gild' ,hall1--& ! ,pipe ,rolls ( ?is reign m5tion a ,tailors' ,gild1 & a ,*epemanesela1 or ,*apman's ,hall4 ,! :ole subject ( ^! gilds1 z well z ( _! halls1 is "o ( great obscurity1 & ! ref]5ces 9 ! ,w9ton ,surveys1 full ( int]e/ z !y are1 s]ve r to :et our curiosity ?an to actually solve any problems !y sugge/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ea/on ,a typical ,it*5 valley village1 "o ( ! mo/ picturesque 9 ! c\nty1 ) an old ,norman *ur*1 qua9t ?at*$ cottages1 & clipp$ yews4 ,b :atev] _! exact function & organisation at ! "t1 f !m ! important ,m]*ant ,gild grew1 & its hall 9 ,high ,/reet 7on ! site occupi$ n[ by ! old ,guildhall7 0 ! c5tre = _m ye>s ( corporate & civic rule1 till ! erection "s =ty ye>s ago ( ! pres5t & m pret5ti\s ,guildhall 9 ! ,broadway4 ,! :ole circum/ances ( ?is s-call$ ,w9ton ,domesday are ( unusual int]e/4 ,! orig9al ,,mss4 exi/1 b\nd 9 an anci5t lea!r b9d+1 consid]$ to be ! "w ( contempor>y ,w9*e/] craftsm54 ,^! are n[ ! prop]ty ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies4 ,significant among o!r features ( ! m$iaeval city 0 ! ,jewi% qu>t]1 or ,ghetto1 a survival ( :i* we h 9 ! pres5t ,jewry ,/reet1 at t "t ,sc[]t5e ,/reet4 ,abutt+ on ?is1 9 ! re> ( :at are n[ ! ext5sive premises ( ! ,george ,hotel1 dwelt ! ,jewi% community1 ) a synagogue ( its own1 = ! ,jews 7 n m]ely tol]at$ "h1 b actually welcom$4 ,! ext5sive comm]cial relations n[ rapidly develop+ betwe5 ,w9*e/] & ! ,cont95t 7 d\btless responsible = ?is1 & ! ,jew 9 8 anci5t prescriptive capacity ( bank] 0 f\nd to be an effective ally 9 build+ up ! comm]cial importance ( ! rapidly develop+ city4 ,ref]5ces to ! ,jews at ,w9*e/] are fairly frequ5t all ?r\gh ! next two c5turies1 ! p]iod ( ,w9*e/]'s comm]cial prosp]ity4 ,9 ,ri*>d ,i4's reign ,ri*>d ( ,devizes tells u ( a ,lomb>d ,jew l5d+ money to ! ,priory ( ,/4 ,s)un1 & lam5t+ ! l5i5cy %[n to !m by ,w9*e/]2 :ile lat] on 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury we read ( a ,jew--8,b5$ict1 a son ( ,abraham0--be+ actually grant$ ! full fre$om ( ! city4 ,^! facts reveal to u ! scope & ! importance held by ! ,w9*e/] ( m$iaeval times z an emporium & c5tre ( comm]ce ( m ?an local repute4 ,b we are anticipat+1 & we mu/ n[ return4 ,! rema9+ di/9ctive feature ( ! city to be not$ 0 ! mona/ic qu>t]1 :i* occupi$ practically ! :ole area betwe5 ,high ,/reet1 ,calpe ,/reet1 & ! out] city wall4 ,=emo/ 9 importance 0 ! great ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,s)un's--its great ca!dral *ur* =m+ its effective b\nd>y to ! nor?1 its great gate op5+ into ,s)un ,/reet close to ! little po/]n gate or ,k+'s ,gate1 & ) ! s\?-ea/]n edge ( ! city wall z its s\!rn limit4 ,beh9d x1 ea/w>d1 0 ! bi%op's resid5ce--,wolvesey1 ! anci5t c\rt ( ! ,saxon k+s--& flank+ ,high ,/reet at ! ea/]n end 0 ,nunna ,myn/re1 or ,/4 ,m>y's ,abbey1 "p ( ! rev5ues ( :i* 7 d]iv$ f ! tolls or octroi duties levi$ on commodities ent]+ ! ,ea/ ,gate4 ,su* !n1 9 b>e outl9e1 0 ! ,w9*e/] ( ,h5ry's reign--n )\t its mis]ies1 its inju/ices1 x is true1 b1 z ! times w5t1 busy1 prosp]\s1 & develop+4 ,b ?is /ate ( ?+s 0 n to endure = long4 ,h5ry's heir1 ,william1 _h p]i%$ 9 ! ,:ite ,%ip2 & ?\gh he _h done all he c\ld to av]t x1 ! l& 0 to be %ortly h&$ ov] to a disput$ succession & ! horrors ( civil w> :5 he di$4 ,w9*e/] has good reason to *]i% ! memory ( ,h5ry ,i4 & to recall 8 reign ) satisfaction4 ,he di$ 9 #aace1 & 0 buri$ 9 ,read+ ,abbey1 :i* he _h himself f\nd$4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,a ,,great ,,bi%op1 ,,h5ry ,,( ,,blois ,let u n[ praise fam\s m54444 ,x 0 he t took ?\ght = 8 p t !y %\ld n fall ,& =tifi$ ! city aga9/ besieg+4 ,ecclesia/icus4 ,great z has be5 ! "p play$ by k+s 9 ! hi/ory ( our city1 t play$ by bi%ops has be5 ev5 great] /ill1 & few among ! mak]s ( ,w9*e/] hold a m prom95t or m hon\rable place ?an ! great bi%op :o _h succe$$ to ! see a few ye>s be=e ,h5ry ,i4's dea?1 ,h5ry ( ,blois1 bro!r ( ,/eph5 ( ,blois1 n[ k+ ( ,engl&1 ^: =tunes 7 to be closely l9k$ dur+ ! two foll[+ reigns ) ^? ( our city4 ,a s*em+ /atesman & an ard5t *ur*man1 he 0 to play a lead+ "p 9 national affairs 9 ! tr\bl\s times t 7 to foll[--to direct 8 see = ov] =ty ye>s1 & to leave indelible m>ks ( 8 occupancy 9 ! see & ! city alike1 ( :i* ,/4 ,cross ,hospital1 ,wolvesey ru9s1 ! ,ca!dral font & portions ( its fabric are b "s ( ! mo/ notable & mo/ endur+4 ,& ! times 7 tr\bl\s inde$4 ,! ,:ite ,%ip trag$y _h b]eft n only ! k+ ( 8 heir1 b ! nation ( a male claimant to ! ?rone 9 ! direct l9e1 & all ,h5ry's influ5ce 0 insuffici5t to secure ! cr[n = 8 daught] ,matilda1 ! wid[$ ,empress ( ,g]many4 ,! feel+ ( ! "t 0 adv]se to hav+ a female z sov]eign2 & ,/eph5 ( ,blois1 ,h5ry's nephew1 actively *ampion$ by ,bi%op ,h5ry1 & /rongly support$ by ! b>ons1 bore d[n all active opposition4 ,b k+ ?\gh he 01 ,/eph5's p]sonal position 0 v diff]5t f t ( 8 ,norman pr$ecessors4 ,brave & frank1 b p]sonally easy-go+1 dep5d5t1 moreov]1 on ! goodwill ( ! p[]ful int]e/s :i* _h plac$ him on ! ?rone1 8 au?ority 0 weak & 8 hold on 8 subjects ineffective4 ,b>ons & bi%ops /r5g!n$ !mselves aga9/ him1 & an era ( ca/le-build+ comm5c$1 :i* 0 to u%] 9 a p]iod ( m t]rible oppression ?an ! c\ntry has ev] witness$ be=e or s9ce1 =1 secure 9 _! /rongholds1 ! ,norman b>ons fa/5$ !mselves on ! def5celess c\ntryfolk l vultures on _! prey1 & !re 0 none to make !m relax _! hold4 ,z ! ,*ronicle says3 ,!y fill$ ! l& ) ca/les & !y cruelly oppress$ ! wret*$ folk ) ca/le works4 ,:5 ! ca/les 7 made !y fill$ !m ) devils & evil m54 ,:5 took !y ! m5 :o !y ?\ght any goods to h bo? by night & by day1 *urls & wom51 !y ca/ !m 9 prison = _! gold & silv]1 & !y tortur$ !m ) pa9s untellable--= nev] 7 any m>tyrs s tortur$ z !y 74 ,!y hang$ !m up by ! feet & smok$ !m ) f\l smoke--!y hang$ !m by ! ?umbs or by ! head & hang$ fires ^u _! feet4444 ,_m ?\s&s !y kill$ ) hung]4444 ,!n 0 corn de> & fle%1 *eese & butt]1 = none !re 0 9 ! l&4444 ,& !y said op5ly t ,*ri/ slept & 8 sa9ts4 ,su* 0 ! an>*y1 su* ! ru91 :i* weak rule _h br\ght ^u ! realm4 ,prom95t among ! ca/le-build]s--?\gh n among ! oppressors--7 c]ta9 ( ! bi%ops1 & none m s ?an ,bi%op ,h5ry4 ,! bi%op's resid5ce at ,wolvesey1 ! anci5t seat ( ,alfr$ & ! ,saxon k+s1 he conv]t$ into a /rong ,norman =tress1 ! ru9s ( :i* /ill /&1 :ile at ,m]don 7ne> ,hursley1 "s five miles f ! city71 at ,bi%op's ,wal?am1 & at ,f>nham1 he re>$ =tresses also4 ,?us ,w9*e/] became rem>kable 9 "o respect--x _h two =tress ca/les in/ead ( "o1 a privilege x 0 lat] on to pay de>ly =4 ,b ,bi%op ,h5ry _h o!r s*emes too4 ,( royal bir?1 re>$ 9 ! atmosph]e ( *ur* asc5dancy 9 ! great & ambiti\s h\se ( ,cluny1 & naturally ma/]ful 9 temp]am5t1 he 0 aim+ at high] rank & wid] influ5ce4 ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/] ?\gh he 01 & ,abbot ( ,gla/onbury--= by special papal sanction he _h be5 all[$ to hold ?is valuable & influ5tial (fice alike ) 8 bi%opric--!re 0 /ill ! ar*bi%opric be=e him1 & :5 9 #aacf ?is fell vacant he seem$ by e natural claim to be m>k$ out = x2 b ,/eph5 _h begun to feel 8 bro!r's yoke gr[+ heavy on him1 & aft] "s long delay ,bi%op ,h5ry 0 pass$ by & ,!obald1 ,abbot ( ,bec1 appo9t$4 ,h5ry 0 deeply mortifi$2 & ?\gh ! ,pope soon aft] appo9t$ him z ,papal ,legate ov] ,ar*bi%op ,!obald's head1 8 w\nd$ pride nev] =got ! affront x _h receiv$4 ,disappo9t$ ( 8 hopes ( ,cant]bury he work$ h>d to p]suade ! ,pope to divide ,engl& into ?ree prov9ces in/ead ( two1 ) ,w9*e/] diocese z ! ?ird ar*bi%opric2 & ?\gh n actually successful 9 ?is1 ! ,pope is said to h enc\rag$ him 9 8 project4 ,:ile matt]s 7 ?us /ra9$ betwe5 ! bi%op & ! k+1 ,/eph51 :o _h witness$ ) al>m ! gr[? ( ! ca/le-build+ & ! p[] ( ! b>ons1 det]m9$ to en=ce 8 au?ority ^u !m4 ,he call$ on sev]al ( ! bi%ops to surr5d] _! ca/les1 &1 be+ met by refusal1 treat$ ! ,bi%ops ( ,l9coln & ,salisbury ) su* cruelty & p]sonal indignity t ! latt] di$ f ! h>d%ips inflict$ on him4 ,?is act ( unp>allel$ folly--= ! p]son ( a bi%op 0 reg>d$ z sacr$--n only e/rang$ public sympa?y1 b fann$ to active flame ! sm\ld]+ res5tm5t ( ,bi%op ,h5ry4 ,z ,papal ,legate he summon$ ,/eph5 to answ] = 8 conduct be=e him at a c\ncil held at ,w9*e/]1 & "h ! k+ 0 n only condemn$1 b ev5 oblig$ to d p5ance4 ,/eph5's position 0 gravely compromis$1 & ,matilda's support]s1 :o _h long bid$ _! "t1 broke into active opposition4 ,rob]t1 ,e>l ( ,gl\ce/]1 h] half-bro!r1 took up arms 9 h] behalf2 ,matilda l&$ at ,arundel2 & ,/eph5 9 fight+ at ,l9coln 0 tak5 prison]4 ,su* an ev5t seem$ a tok5 f heav54 ,bi%op ,h5ry op5ly esp\s$ ,matilda's cause2 he proclaim$ h] at ,w9*e/] z 8,lady ( ! ,engli%40 ,! city op5$ its gates to h]1 & %e m>*$ 9 9 triumphal procession ) all h] =ces & took possession ( ! ,ca/le1 :ile ! occasion 0 celebrat$ by a solemn s]vice ( rejoic+ 9 ! ,ca!dral4 ,b ?is /ate ( ?+s 0 n to la/4 ,arrogant & impracticable1 %e quickly ali5at$ h] own support]s1 & f9d+ ! bi%op by no means subs]vi5t1 z %e _h expect$1 %e summon$ him to yield up 8 ,ca/le ( ,wolvesey to h]1 to :i* summons he is said to h enigmatically repli$1 8,i w prep>e myself10 & ?is he did4 ,he repair$ & /r5g!n$ 8 ,ca/le & ?rew 8 influ5ce aga9 into ! scale ( ,/eph54 ,?us civil w> broke out once m1 & = six ye>s ! c\ntry 0 torn aga9 by e k9d ( evil & oppression4 ,9 ^! tr\bles ,w9*e/]1 plac$1 z x 71 betwe5 anvil & hamm]1 ) ! empress-que5 9 ! ,ca/le & ! bi%op at ,wolvesey1 suff]$ t]ribly4 ,raid & c\nt]-raid1 siege & c\nt]-siege succe$$ "o ano!r1 till almo/ ! :ole city--h\ses1 *ur*es1 mona/]ies alike--7 consum$ 9 ! flames4 ,als)a's f\ndation1 ,nunna ,myn/re1 or ,/4 ,m>y's ,abbey1 p>i% ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dean]y1 ,,w9*e/] ,"o ( ! few rema9+ l9ks ) ! conv5tual build+s ( ,/4 ,s)un's ,priory1 :i* among ! ,b5$ict9es 7 always plac$ on ! s\? side ( ! m9/]4 ,=m]ly x 0 ! qu>t]s ( ! ,prior ( ,/4 ,s)un's4 ,philip ( ,spa9 0 lodg$ "h :5 he came to ,w9*e/] to m>ry ,que5 ,m>y ( ,engl&4 *ur*es1 dome/ic build+s1 all alike p]i%$4 ,f> & wide ! flames spread--ev5 ! new build+ ( ,hyde ,abbey1 only erect$ "s ?irty-"o ye>s1 0 involv$ 9 ! g5]al conflagration4 ,! ,ca!dral & ,/4 ,s)un's ,priory alone escap$1 & t1 x is said1 because ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/] g5]\sly =bore reprisals4 ,b ! empress's cause 0 a decl9+ "o1 & ?\gh ,david1 k+ ( ,scotl&1 & ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/] /\tly attack$ ,wolvesey1 x held out till reliev$ by ,que5 ,matilda 9 p]son1 & x 0 n[ ! empress's turn to suff] siege 9 ! ,ca/le4 ,v>i\s acc\nts are giv5 ( :at occurr$2 9 "o x is /at$#b t1 be+ /rait5$ = provisions1 %e escap$ by feign+ h]self dead1 & 0 c>ri$ out 9 a c(f94 ,be ?is z x may1 h] =ces 7 r\t$--%e fl$1 & bo? ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/] & ,k+ ,david 7 tak5 prison]s4 ,f9ally1 ! w> exhau/$ itself4 ,! l& 0 ru9$1 impov]i%$--no?+ seem$ left to /rive =4 ,peace 0 made on t]ms ( compromise1 & ,k+ ,/eph51 re/or$ to ! ?rone1 ent]$ ,w9*e/] ) ! empress's son1 ,pr9ce ,h5ry1 :o 0 ackn[l$g$ z 8 heir4 ,/eph5 di$ soon aft]1 & ,h5ry ,,ii4 became k+4 ,& n[ matt]s w5t badly = ,bi%op ,h5ry4 ,h5ry ! k+ 0 det]m9$ to br+ ! ca/le-build]s to book1 & ,h5ry ! bi%op 0 a =emo/ (f5d]1 & 9 addition he _h to def5d himself f *>ges br\ght aga9/ him by ! monks ( ,hyde4 ,9 m>k$ contra/ ) 8 behavi\r else:]e1 ,bi%op ,h5ry _h act$ oppressively aga9/ !m1 & :5 _! abbey 0 de/roy$ he _h ev5 =c$ f !m ! a%es to :i* x _h be5 r$uc$4 ,no slight treasure ! latt]1 = did !y n conta9 ! molt5 rema9s ( cross & %r9e & *alice1 ! cross ( ,cnut & ,emma1 _! great prize & possession1 & _m ano!r treasure1 :i* ?\gh n[ b molt5 metal1 /ill reckon$ a value 9 ?\s&s ( p\nds8 ,=tune 0 aga9/ ! bi%op1 & he f\nd x conv5i5t to retire abroad1 to ,cluny & else:]e1 = a "t1 :ile ! new k+ e/abli%$ 8 au?ority1 made ord] 9 ! di/ract$ k+dom1 & raz$ ! (f5d+ =tresses to ! gr\nd4 ,?us :ile ! bi%op's palace at ,wolvesey /ill rema9$1 ! ,norman keep 0 dismantl$ & r5d]$ h>mless1 & "s ( ^! ru9s we c see !re to-day4 ,! succe$+ ye>s 7 to pres5t ,bi%op ,h5ry 9 a less ambiti\s & altoge!r m attractive light4 ,he _h play$ = 8 great /ake--play$ & lo/3 8 legat9e commission _h expir$1 8 ar*iepiscopal dream _h rudely disappe>$4 ,8 political p[] %att]$1 & 8 p]sonal influ5ce l>gely compromis$1 he 0 glad to make peace ) ! k+ & full re/itution to ! monks ( ,hyde1 & he return$ to 8 see to sp5d ! la/ portion ( 8 life--"s fifte5 or sixte5 ye>s--9 acts ( quiet episcopal rule & active b5efic5ce4 ,dur+ 8 /ay on ! ,cont95t he _h amass$ _m treasures ( art1 & ^! he br\ght back ) him--v probably ! wond]ful & curi\s black /one font1 "o ( a r>e s]ies ( sev5 ,engli% fonts1 f\r ( :i* are 9 our own c\nty & diocese1 0 plac$ by him 9 ! ,ca!dral at ?is "t4 ,b a f> nobl] & m noticeable monum5t he 0 already re>+ = himself 9 ! outskirts ( ! city4 ,"s mile d[n ! valley1 9 ! little village !n kn[n z ,sp]k=de1 he _h1 9 ! e>ly days ( ,/eph5's reign1 comm5c$ to build a hospital or alm%\se--! ,hospital ( ,/4 ,cross--& to ?is he n[ devot$ himself4 ,fill$ z ! l& !n 0 ) mis]y & ru91 relief ( ! hungry & di/ress$ 0 a peculi>ly press+ ne$1 & ! bi%op's aim 0 to relieve di/ress4 ,foll[+ ! hospitable example ( ! great ,clugniac h\se 9 :i* he _h be5 re>$1 ! gates ( ,/4 ,cross 7 to be ev] op51 ready to give k9dly welcome to all :o %\ld ent] !re 9 want4 ,?irte5 ag$ bre?r5 7 to be ma9ta9$ 9 ease & com=t4 ,"o hundr$ ( ! poor ( ,w9*e/] 7 to be regul>ly f$ !re 9 ! 8,hundr$ ,m5nes ,hall10 & sev5 poor ,gramm> ,s*ool boys ( ,w9*e/]--= ,w9*e/] _h its ,gramm> ,s*ool !n1 e>li] ev5 ?an ! ,college ( ,wykeham--7 likewise to be f$ & provid$ = daily4 ,9 #aaeg ,bi%op ,h5ry committ$ ! gu>dian%ip ( 8 hospital to ! ,knights ( ,/4 ,john ( ,j]usalem1 ! ,knights ,hospitall]s z !y 7 call$1 ^: special c>e 0 to aid w&]+ m51 p>ticul>ly ! poor pilgrims visit+ ! ,holy ,sepul*re4 ,& s ! bre?r5 ( ,/4 ,cross we> ! black g[n & ! eight-po9t$ silv] cross ( ! ,knights ( ,/4 ,john to ?is day4 ,/4 ,cross is ,bi%op ,h5ry's great memorial4 ,he liv$ to see x firmly e/abli%$1 b o!rwise 9 8 lat] ye>s he took b little "p 9 public affairs4 ,"o ( 8 la/ acts 0 to receive 8 c\s91 ! rep5tant ,k+ ,h5ry1 aft] ! murd] ( ,becket1 :5 he bade him welcome him ) affectionate admonition & gave him 8 bless+4 ,he di$ 9 #aaga & 0 buri$ 9 ! ,ca!dral2 ! tomb popul>ly designat$ ,william ,rufus's ,tomb has be5 ?\ght to be 84 ,great & high-m9d$ z a *ur*man1 he _h liv$ ?r\gh ! p]iod ( p]sonal /riv+--8! fev]1 & ! wat*+1 & ! pa90 ( self-advancem5t & ( worldly ambition4 ,8 selfi% s*emes _h di$ & nobl] ones _h succe$$1 :i* reveal$ ! man at 8 greate/ & 8 be/4 ,truly x might be said ( him-- ,t m5 may rise on /epp+-/ones ,( _! dead selves to high] ?+s4 ,& ,/4 ,cross1 at ^: gates ! ne$y wayf>] /ill receives hospitable welcome z he did 9 ,bi%op ,h5ry's day1 fl\ri%es /ill1 ex]cis+ a f> wid] measure ( b5efic5ce & p[] = good ?an its f\nd]1 9 all probability1 anticipat$ or ev5 dream$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,angev9 ,,& ,,plantag5et ,ay1 t approves !e1 tyrant1 :at ?\ art1 ,no fa!r1 k+1 or %eph]d ( ?y realm2 ,b "o t te>s h] entrails ) ?y h&s1 ,& l a ?ir/y tig] suck'/ h] blood4 ,edw>d ,,iii4 ,we ne$ n /ay to discuss 9 mu* detail ! c\rse ( ev5ts dur+ ! reigns :i* foll[$4 ,x 0 b a black5$ & ru9$ ,w9*e/] :i* em]g$ f ! disa/]s ( ! civil w>4 ,) two mona/]ies1 "s tw5ty *ur*es1 & mo/ ( ! dome/ic dwell+s consum$1 x took h] all h] en]gies to recon/ruct ! desolate fabric2 nor did %e ev] completely recov] ! bl[4 ,hyde ,abbey 0 at once recomm5c$1 & gradually1 b only v gradually1 resum$ its =m] importance4 ,/4 ,m>y's ,abbey1 too1 0 rebuilt1 & ,w9*e/]1 z ! natural c5tre ( ! wool trade1 0 able /eadily to recov] h] comm]cial activity1 & manag$ to reta9 h] importance z a c5tre ( traffic & int]c\rse "s two hundr$ ye>s or m long]1 b politically h] supremacy _h dep>t$ = ev]1 & ,london h5ce=? 0 m & m to hold un*all5g$ sway4 ,h5ry ,,ii4's visits 9 ,w9*e/] 7 n frequ5t1 & 9 addition 7 b casual4 ,x 0 "h1 :ile recov]+ f illness1 t he matur$ 8 great s*eme = ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 ! division ( ! c\ntry into circuits ) it9]at+ judges ( assize1 to hold assizes or sitt+s = ! due disp5sation ( ! k+'s ju/ice1 f :i* circum/ance ,hamp%ire has always occupi$ a =emo/ position 9 ! assize li/1 b ,w9*e/] 0 9 no s5se 8 capital4 ,ri*>d ,i4 paid ! city ! complim5t ( com+ "h aft] 8 release f captivity to be cr[n$ 9 ! ,ca!dral1 & ?\gh at ! royal banquet foll[+ !reon ! citiz5s ( ,w9*e/] /rove ) ^? ( ,london = ! hon\r ( s]v+ ! k+ ) w9e--a privilege involv+ ! rev]sion ( ! gold5 goblet 9 :i* ! w9e 0 to be s]v$--_! claims 7 ov]rul$ & ,london bore (f ! prize4 ,m important 7 ! build+ projects ( ! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 ,bi%op ,godfrey de ,lucy1 :o _h succe$$ to ! see ! ye> be=e ,ri*>d came to ! ?rone4 ,! pilgrim /ream :i* fl[$ ?r\gh ,w9*e/] _h swoll5 to su* proportions z to emb>rass ! monks ( ,/4 ,s)un's4 ,bi%op ,godfrey =m$ a confrat]nity to raise funds & c>ry out an ext5sion ea/w>d ( ! fabric1 to make x possible = ! pilgrims to visit ! %r9e ( ! sa9t )\t invad+ ! body ( ! *ur*1 an ext5sion :i*1 ow+ to ! limit$ area ( firm gr\nd on :i* ! ,ca!dral /ood1 _h to be made on an artificial f\ndation1 9 peaty & wat]logg$ soil1 & to ?is fact mu/ be 9 "p attribut$ ! insecurity ( ! fabric1 :i* has necessitat$ ! enorm\s & h]oic lab\r ( repair n[ actively 9 progress4 ,( ?is1 h[ev]1 m anon4 ,b ,bi%op ,godfrey de ,lucy _h wid] aims also4 ,z bi%op & receiv] ( ! dues f ,/4 ,giles's ,fair1 ! comm]cial prosp]ity ( ! city 0 ( great mom5t to him1 & he improv$ & develop$ ! ,it*5 navigation by means ( a canal--or 8b>ge riv]10 z x is t]m$--& con/ruct$ a huge res]voir at ,alres=d1 mu* ( :i* rema9s /ill z ,alres=d ,pond1 to reta9 ! wat] necess>y to keep ! *annel full4 ,! trade ( ,w9*e/] 0 evid5tly /ill a highly valuable asset4 ,( ,k+ ,john's reign we h memories 9 keep+ ) ! g5]al c\rse ( 8 do+s4 ,he 0 frequ5tly "h1 hunt+ regul>ly 9 ! =e/s all r\nd ! city1 & "h 8 son & successor1 ,h5ry ( ,w9*e/]1 aft]w>ds ,h5ry ,,iii41 0 born4 ,x 0 at ,w9*e/] t ,john receiv$ ,simon ,langton & ! o!r bi%ops exil$ dur+ ! int]dict1 & 9 ! *apt]-h\se ( ! ,ca!dral t he receiv$ ! papal absolution = 8 (f5ces aga9/ ,holy ,*ur*4 ,b ! peace ?us di%on\rably u%]$ 9 0 ( %ort duration1 & a ye> or s lat] ,w9*e/] 0 9 =eign h&s1 be+ held by ,l\is1 ,dauph9 ( ,france1 :om ! b>ons _h invit$ ov] to expel ,john f ! ?rone4 ,b :5 ,john di$1 z he did %ortly aft]w>ds1 ! b>ons )drew _! support f ! ,dauph91 & ,john's son ,h5ry1 !n a lad ( n9e ye>s old only1 asc5d$ ! ?rone--,h5ry ,,iii41 ,h5ry ( ,w9*e/]4 ,we _c give 9 full ! /ory ( ,h5ry1 int]e/+ & important z x is1 & intimately associat$ z mu* ( x 0 ) our city2 = ,h5ry 0 "h cont9ually1 he made x 8 *ief resid5ce1 & 9 ! ye>s t foll[$ ,w9*e/] _h (t5 reason to pay de> = 8 atta*m5t to 8 p>5t city4 ,wild disord]1 riot & revel1 pr(use exp5diture & p9* ( consequ5t pov]ty1 an>*y & siege & civil w>f>e 9 h] /reets1 all foll[$ 9 turn1 till ord] 0 at la/ evolv$1 & dignifi$ & noble p>liam5ts assembl$ 9 h] ,ca/le ,hall1 ! symbol ( ! reign ( law t 0 to foll[1 & ! e>ne/ ( t rule by repres5tative assembly :i* has made our nation--& almo/ ,w9*e/] h]self--! "m ( p>liam5ts1 hon\r$ ?r\gh ! l5g? & bread? ( ! _w4 ,*equ]$ z ! reign 0 to be1 ! e>ly ye>s 7 quiet & prosp]\s1 till ,h5ry's evil g5ius1 ,pet] de ,rupibus1 ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 ga9$ asc5dancy ov] ! k+4 ,! k+'s m>riage to a ,fr5* pr9cess1 ,eleanor ( ,prov5ce1 foll[$1 & ! k+1 "u ! influ5ce ( a =eign wife1 & a prelate & ju/ici> ( ali5 sympa?ies1 ent]$ on a ,illu/ration3 ,,*eyney ,,c\rt ,,& ,,close ,,gate1 ,,w9*e/] ,! out]mo/ #8c\rt1' if su* a t]m may be us$1 ( ! ,ca!dral ,close1 f :i* ! great ,close ,gate gives access to ,s)un's ,/reet & ,k+'s ,gate4 ,! ,close ,gate is gu>d$ by a port]1 z 9 m$iaeval days1 :o locks & unlocks x regul>ly by night & day4 ,ne> ,*eyney ,c\rt /&s "p ( ! old #8,gue/5 ,hall1' :]e poor pilgrims to ! ,%r9e ( ,/4 ,s)un us$ to be lodg$4 ,weird tales ( gho/ly visitors haunt+ ! ,close are told by p]sons /ill liv+4 ,! "n ,*eyney appe>s to be d]iv$ f ! ,fr5* *ne1 an oak4 reckless c\rse ( extravagance & anti-national policy :i* e/rang$ all 8 subjects' sympa?ies4 ,to all po/s ( hon\r & pref]m5t1 :e!r civil or ecclesia/ical1 =eign claimants 7 pref]r$1 & ! l& groan$ "u ! tyranny ( ali5 dom9ation1 :ile its res\rces 7 be+ dra9$ away f x to provide rev5ues = =eign b5efici>ies abroad4 ,prote/ aft] prote/1 discont5t1 active opposition1 ridicule1 & remon/rance 7 all 9 va94 ,! k+ 0 once significantly ask$ by ! witty ,rog] ,bacon :at dang]s by sea a skilful pilot w\ld mo/ avoid1 & on evad+ ! "q 0 told #8,petrae et rupes' 7/ones & rocks71 a fa9tly-veil$ allusion to ! *ief influ5ce = evil 9 ! /ate4 ,b all 0 9 va91 & at la/ arm$ opposition c\ld no long] be prev5t$1 & ! b>ons "u ,simon de ,mont=t broke out into op5 revolt4 ,9 ! ,b>ons' ,w> :i* foll[$1 ,hamp%ire & ,w9*e/] 7 intimately involv$4 ,x has be5 ! fate ( ,w9*e/]1 almo/ f e>ly ,saxon days1 to h )9 m ?an "o rally+ po9t = popul> sympa?y1 & s to suff] peculi>ly at all crises ( national division2 & s x 0 n[4 ,few 9 ! l& _h suff]$ m acutely f ! k+'s policy ( pref]r+ ali5s ?an ! monks ( ,/4 ,s)un1 & :5 ! ,b>ons' ,w> broke out ! monks ( ! conv5t sid$ /rongly ) ,de ,mont=t4 ,! citiz5s1 h[ev]1 held loyally to ! k+1 & ?us x came ab\t t :5 9 ,may #abfd1 a few days be=e ! battle ( ,lewes1 ,de ,mont=t m>*$ aga9/ ! city1 ! citiz5s rose aga9/ ! conv5t1 fe>+ le/ ! monks1 :o controll$ "p ( ! walls & ! ,k+'s ,gate1 %\ld welcome ! invad]s & admit !m to ! city4 ,a viol5t attack 0 made on !m1 ! ,close ,gate 0 burnt d[n1 & ! invad+ citiz5s bur/ _! way 9 & slew sev]al ( ! monks4 ,! fire spread to ! ,k+'s ,gate & burnt x d[n2 & :5 lat] on ! gate 0 rebuilt1 ! monks ( ,/4 ,s)un built above x a little *ur* = ! use ( ! lay s]vitors ( ! conv5t1 & s ! little *ur*--n[ ! p>i% *ur* ( ,/4 ,s)un's1 ,w9*e/]--came into exi/5ce1 p]*$ 9 mid air above ! little po/]n gate4 ,nor 0 ?is all1 = ! ye> aft]1 :5 ,simon de ,mont=t ! y\ng] appe>$ aga9 9 arms be=e ! city walls1 ! monks actually admitt$ him1 & a wild night foll[$ 9 ,w9*e/]2 8 troops rev5g$ !mselves on ! def5celess citiz5s = _! opposition by burn+ & plund]+ a portion ( ! city1 & putt+ _m ( !m to ! sword4 ,b ! asc5dancy ( ! b>ons 0 b brief1 = 9 ! same ye>1 #abfe1 ,pr9ce ,edw>d defeat$ & slew ,de ,mont=t at ! battle ( ,eve%am1 rescu$ 8 fa!r1 & re/or$ him to ! ?rone4 ,a memorable ye> 0 ?is bo? = ,engl& & = ,w9*e/]1 = ,h5ry summon$ to ,w9*e/] 8 fir/ repres5tative ,p>liam5t1 notable because = ! fir/ "t repres5tatives ( ! cities & bor\ghs appe>$ !re ) knights ( ! %ires1 along ) ! b>ons & prelates1 & ! abbots & priors ( ! lead+ mona/]ies4 ,! ,prior ( ,/4 ,s)un's & ! ,abbot ( ,hyde 7 bo? pres5t at t rem>kable assembly4 ,9 #abfh a second ,p>liam5t assembl$ at ,w9*e/]1 & f\r ye>s lat] ! k+ di$1 & ,edw>d ,i4 became k+4 ,h5ry ,,iii4's reign 0 inde$ a notable "o = ! city1 & "o notable addition he made to x rema9s /ill z "o ( its =emo/ ar*itectural & hi/orical treasures4 ,?is is ! great & noble hall :i* he add$ to ! ca/le1 & :i* reta9s /ill1 ) "s alt]ation1 mu* ( its orig9al "*4 ,_m a notable sc5e has ?is noble hall witness$1 bo? dur+ ,h5ry's reign & s9ce1 ! e>ly ,p>liam5ts ( #abfe & #abfh pre-em95t among !m4 ,"o su* dramatic sc5e 0 ! "o relat$ 9 full by ,mat!w ( ,p>is1 z occurr+ 9 #abdi1 :5 ! k+ unmask$ & br\ght to ju/ice a conf$]acy ( robb]s :o _h conspir$ to waylay ! highways & rob ! pass]s-by4 ,none 7 safe f !m3 ev5 ! k+'s own consignm5ts ( w9e1 com+ to ,w9*e/]1 7 /opp$ & plund]$4 ,matt]s 7 9 ?is /ate ( insecurity :5 ! k+1 com+ to ,w9*e/]1 0 approa*$ by "s ,brabant9e m]*ants1 :o compla9$ t !y _h be5 /opp$ on ! highroad ne> ,w9*e/] & robb$ ( #bjj m>ks4 ,! k+'s ang] boil$ ov]1 & 9 hot indignation he ord]$ ! ca/le gates to be %ut1 & a jury empanell$ !n & !re to f9d & disclose ! (f5d]s4 ,! twelve citiz5s ?us appo9t$ plead$ inability to ?r[ light on ! matt]1 b ! k+1 n to be ?w>t$1 %\t$1 8,c>ry away ^? artful traitors2 b9d !m1 & ca/ !m into ! dungeons bel[1 & let me h twelve o!r m51 good & true1 :o w tell u ! tru?40 ,! second jury1 ) ! fe> ( dea? ?us be=e !m1 promptly display$ quick] p[]s ( p]ception1 & laid be=e ! k+ ! detects ( a widespread conspiracy1 9 :i* _m lead+ m5 ( ! city & neighb\rhood1 z well z ( ! k+'s h\sehold1 ^: pay 0 probably long 9 arre>1 7 implicat$4 ,& s ju/ice 0 done1 & = a :ile travell+ abroad 0 saf]4 ,?us1 n[ ?r\gh good report1 n[ ?r\gh evil1 ! =tunes ( our city wax$ & wan$1 b1 9 a s5se1 h] day 0 ov]4 ,m$iaeval ,w9*e/] m & m grew to assume ! "* ( a purely prov9cial city2 "o ) importance1 inde$1 ) pre/ige & dignity1 b f :i*1 l ! s-call$ #8buri$ cities' ( ! ,zuyd] ,zee1 ! wide %ores :]eon ! tides ( major national circum/ance ebb$ & fl[$1 cont9ually rec$$ m & m1 :ile h] citiz5s f\nd !mselves less & less #8go+ d[n 9 %ips' to ! broad sea ( national life1 & #8occupy+ _! bus9ess' 9 ^? #8great wat]s4' ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,f\rte5? ,,& ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury ,,w9*e/] ,:at d y lack1 :at d y buy1 mi/ress8 a f9e hobby horse to make y\r son a tilt]8 a drum to make him a soldi]8 a fiddle to make him a revell]8 :at is't y lack8 ,,b5 ,,jonson4 ,x is pleasant to turn away f ! direct /ream ( ! national flood1 & to explore "s ( ! by-/reams1 ! m local :irls & eddies 9 ! life ( our city1 & ?is !me is naturally sugge/$ by ! ?\ght ( ,w9*e/] 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 :5 imp]ial politics _h l>gely ceas$ to affect h]1 & ! wid] gr[? ( int]e/s & dome/ic features _h giv5 h] life )9 a great] div]sity1 & r5d]$ possible a m9ut] degree ( specialization4 ,int]e/ 9 ! ma9 c5tres r\nd h] civic rule1 ! pilgrim /ream1 ! great annual ,fair ( ,/4 ,giles1 & ! dome/ic ar*itecture1 :ile supreme ov] all ^! 0 ! dom9at+ int]e/ & control ex]cis$ by ! ecclesia/ical p[]s )9 h]--! sway ( ! crozi] & ! tonsure1 ! cloi/] & ! c[l4 ,we %all deal 9 ?is *apt] ) ! city at l>ge1 leav+ to ! *apt] foll[+ ! m purely mona/ic aspects4 ,! city z a city _h be5 gr[+--z always 0 ! case ) m$iaeval t[ns closely wall$ 9--cont9ually m & m conge/$4 ,! s\!a/]n qu>t] occupi$ by ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,s)un's1 ) its ,ca!dral & great *ur*y>d1 ! adjo9+ ,abbey ( ,/4 ,m>y1 & ! bi%op's resid5ce at ,wolvesey1 0 a lung op5 inde$ & well v5tilat$1 b else:]e ! hemm$ 9 area 0 a maze ( n>r[ & cr[d$ ?or\ghf>es1 ) h\ses1 ^: curi\sly timb]$1 b inconv5i5tly picturesque fronts1 almo/ jo/l$ "o ano!r across ! n>r[ passage-ways betwe51--h\ses1 ( ! type /ill to be se5 9 ! s-call$ #8,old ,rectory' 9 ,*eesehill ,/reet1 9 ! pseudo-antique h\ses 9 #8! ,brooks1' 9 ,mr4 ,mayne's ,tudor ,h\se ne> ! ,butt] ,cross1 & ! pres5t ,godbegot ,h\se almo/ opposite1 ( lat] date ?\gh mo/ ( ^! be--z if ! *ief (fice ( neighb\rly reg>d ( a m$iaeval dwell+ to ^? r\nd h] 0 n m]ely to ,n beteem ! w9ds ( ,heav51 ,visit _! face too r\ghly1 b also to religi\sly exclude t indiscreet & unwelcome intrud]1 ! all-pry+ & inquisitive sun1 :ile ?r\gh _m ( ! l[-ly+ /reets ran broad & op5 dit*es1 n always1 alas6 ! dulcia et piscosae flum9a aquae1 ! sweet refre%+ /reams :i* ,prec5tor ,wulf/an _h once commemorat$1--/reams ^: *annels fl[ n[ 9 well-regulat$ c\rses1 "s op51 "s und]gr\nd1 b :i* !n made _! way1 (t5 ?r\gh fil? & accumulat$ g>bage1 9 f> less well-ord]$ circulation ?r\gh ! city4 ,?\gh ! city1 judg$ by contempor>y /&>ds1 might be a #8joly cit1' ( :i* ,! a]e 0 god bo? inne & oute1 x mu/ h fall5 f> %ort ( almo/ e mod]n /&>d ( heal? & conv5i5ce1 & its n>r[1 conf9$1 & ill-cleans$ c\rts 7 ! lurk+-places ( contagion & ( nev] :olly abs5t plague4 ,! civic managem5t 0 a /range1 incongru\s muddle ( ov]lapp+ & conflict+ au?orities1 ea* jeal\s ( its own influ5ce & envi\s ( its neighb\r's4 ,! au?ority ( ! gilds _h n[ become cry/alliz$ into a corporation ( m or less def9ite =m1 ! ,mayor & ,bailiffs1 :o ex]cis$ ! controll+ influ5ce ov] ! major "p ( ! city4 ,:5 exactly a #8,mayor' fir/ came into exi/5ce is unkn[n4 ,! civic records g back1 inde$1 to a c]ta9 ,flor5ce de ,lunn 9 #aahd1 ?\gh he c h>dly be accept$ z a #8mayor' 9 ! te*nical s5se1 b ! ,mayor only ex]cis$ au?ority ov] ! population )9 ! walls1 & #8! ,lib]ties1' z !y 7 call$1 7 exclud$ f 8 jurisdiction4 ,( ^! !re 7 two1 ! ,lib]ty ( ! ,soke1 ! region1 t is1 beyond ! walls to ! ea/ & nor?1 ov] :i* ! ,bi%op _h supreme jurisdiction1 & :i* he entru/$ to ! c>e ( a special (fic]1 ! ,bailiff ( ! ,soke1 & ! ,lib]ty ( ,godbiete1 ! little manor )9 ! city grant$ by ,que5 ,emma to ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,s)un1 f ! *ur* t[] ( :i* curfew rang1 & )9 ^: #8lib]ties1' z already /at$1 no (fic] be>+ w>rant1 :e!r ( k+1 mayor1 or bi%op1 might ent]4 ,?is trip>tite division ( au?ority1 9 :i* ! civic1 episcopal1 & mona/ic p[]s 7 mutually confront$1 =m$ a cunn+ly devis$ pres]ve1 9 :i* ! dext]\s fi%] 9 ! tr\bl$ wat]s ( ! day might ply 8 angle ) r>ely successful result4 ,! dom9at+ comm]cial int]e/ 0 ! ,wool ,trade4 ,engl& 0 fam\s = wool1 & to ?is trade ,w9*e/]1 z a natural c5tre ) ,s\?ampton z h] port1 ow$ h] prosp]ity4 ,nor? ( ! ,high ,/reet1 n f> f ! ,we/gate1 /ood ! great ,hall :]e ! wool 0 br\ght & sampl$1 & "h ! great ,tron or weigh+ ma*9e 0 kept on :i* ! wool 0 weigh$4 ,9 ,edw>d ,,iii4's "t ! ,w9*e/] wool trade 0 at its height4 ,8 w>s ) ,france1 really und]tak5 to enable him to control ! ,*annel1 & s to keep ! trade ) ,fl&]s 9 8 own h&s1 _h prosp]$1 & :5 he introduc$ 8 fam\s wool-/apl+ measure1 by :i* #8/aples' or exclusive wool m>kets 7 set up 9 t5 t[ns 9 ,engl&1 ( :i* ,w9*e/] 0 "o1 ! comm]cial prosp]ity ( ! city increas$ by leaps & b\nds4 ,b1 alas6 ,edw>d's policy 0 only too successful4 ,! ,fl&]s trade 0 consid]$ m important ?an local ,engli% ,illu/ration3 ,,bre:\se1 ,,w9*e/] ,,college ,college ,bre:\se1 adjo9+ ,college ,/reet1 is "o ( ! olde/ portions ( ! ,college build+s4 ,ov] ! ar*way "o ( ! turrets ( ,out] ,gateway is to be se54 int]e/s1 & :51 "s ye>s aft]1 he appo9t$ ,calais z ! /aple t[n1 & remov$ ! /aple f ,w9*e/]1 ! days ( ! comm]cial prosp]ity ( our city 7 numb]$4 ,b :ile ! wool trade la/$1--& x only di$ out z su* trades d by degrees1--,w9*e/] ) all its limitations mu/ h be5 a r>ely int]e/+ & attractive place 9 :i* to 8cat* ! mann]s fleet+ z !y rise40 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t ! ,w9*e/] ( ?is p]iod _h no %rewd & g5ial humori/1 no ,*auc] or ,jonson1 to m+le ) ! cr[d1 & to pres]ve = u1 :e!r by p5 or p5cil1 ! hum\rs ( ! day1--! v>i$ types1 lay & cl]ic1 monk1 fri>1 pilgrim1 m]*ant1 or frankl91 :o might h be5 f\nd p]iodically ga!r$ ei!r at ! ,wool ,m>ket or ! ,hall ( ! ,gild m]*ant1 or at #8! ,george1'--= !re 0 a #8,george' at ,w9*e/] !n1 ev5 z n[1--9 z full & div]t+ v>iety z ev] =ega!r$ at ! ,tab>d itself2 b int]e/+ z ^? intr9sically 71 _! int]e/ 0 z no?+ beside ! two great dom9at+ attractions :i* p]iodically ga!r$ all sorts & conditions ( m5 = tempor>y hospitality )9 h] walls1 ! pilgrimages1 & ! great ,fair ( ,/4 ,giles4 ,& if x 0 ! ,wool ,trade :i* made ! ,fair1 equally x 0 ! ,fair :i* gave ! city its notoriety & its comm]cial importance4 ,& ! ,fair :ile x la/$ dom9at$ ev]y?+--n only 0 all ord9>y bus9ess susp5d$1 b ev5 ! jurisdiction ( ! ord9>y civic au?orities 0 equally subject to its influ5ce1 & ! already complex problem ( civic rule 0 r5d]$ topsy-turvy by a tempor>y transf] ( au?ority )9 ! city area f ! ,mayor to ! ,bailiff ( ! ,soke1--a glori\s opportunity = pay+ (f old scores1 :i* _m a mod]n local adm9i/rator might well envy him4 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,fair we h already t\*$ on4 ,a fair _h be5 held on ,/4 ,giles's ,hill s9ce v e>ly days1 & ) ! /range incongruity ( association *>act]i/ic ( e>ly times1 fairs 7 = a long "t regul>ly held 9 *ur*y>ds4 ,b ! ,fair ( ,/4 ,giles _h long s9ce outgr[n ! limits ( ! little *ur*y>d ( ,/4 ,giles1 on ! hill :i* be>s 8 "n1 & successive *>t]s ( ,william ,,ii4 & lat] sov]eigns _h made ! rights & pr(its ( ! ,fair ! p]quisite & privilege ( ! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 :o _h ! p[] ( exclusive trad+ )9 ! area ( ! ,fair dur+ its duration4 ,orig9ally grant$ = ?ree days1 ,h5ry ,i4 _h ext5d$ ! p]iod to eight1 ,/eph5 to f\rte51 & ,h5ry ,,ii4 to sixte51 & ?is p]iod 0 confirm$ 9 ! la/ *>t] grant$ = ! ,fair1 viz41 t giv5 by ,edw>d ,,iii4 9 #acdi1 9 :i* all ! privileges ( ! ,fair 7 rehe>s$ & solemnly confirm$4 ,! proc$ure connect$ ) ! ,fair 0 m9ute & =mal4 ,on ! #ca/ ( ,augu/1 ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,giles1 ! ,bi%op took possession1 z x 71 by sett+ up 8 c\rt 9 ! ,pavilionis ,aula1 or ,hall ( ! ,pavilion1 on ! top ( ! hill4 ,! c\rt be+ =mally con/itut$1 ,ju/ici>ies or ,bailiffs ( ! ,fair 7 appo9t$1 :o at once proce$$ ei!r to ,s\?gate or ,k+sgate1 :]e ! ,mayor1 ,bailiffs1 & citiz5s ( ,w9*e/] 7 requir$ to meet !m1 & dutifully to deliv] up ! keys ( ! gate1 & f !nce to accompany !m 9 turns to ! ,we/gate1 ! ,wool ,/aple1 & ! o!r gates 9 succession1 & to deliv] up ! keys ( ea*1 :ile ! ,fair 0 solemnly proclaim$ & ! transf] ( au?ority effect$4 ,! proclamation made =bade ! buy+ & sell+1 :ile ! ,fair la/$1 ( articles ( g5]al m]*&ise1 o!r ?an food1 any:]e 9 ,w9*e/] or )9 sev5 leagues' radius 7#aj miles71 except )9 ! limits ( ! ,fair itself4 ,?is done1 ! humiliation ( ! ,mayor & ,bailiffs 0 complet$ by _! be+ requir$ to humbly att5d ! usurp+ au?orities to ! ,bi%op's ,pavilion1 !nce=w>d to submit to _! jurisdiction1 ) :at grace !y might1 till ! ,fair 0 ov]4 ,nor 0 x only at ,w9*e/] t ! ,fair 0 proclaim$--,s\?ampton1 ?\gh actually beyond ! sev5 leagues' radius1 0 includ$ 9 ! prohibit$ area1 & "h & at all important po9ts on ! b\nd>y ( ! ,fair zone1 ! same proclamation 0 made & =mal possession tak54 ,nor 0 x only smuggl+ t ! ,fair (ficials _h to gu>d aga9/4 ,outlaws ( ! ,rob9 ,hood type--( :om ! notori\s ,adam ( ,gurdon1 ,bailiff ( ,alton1 & ,"l ( ! ,manor ( ,selborne1 0 p]haps ! mo/ fam\s--7 accu/om$ to lay 9 wait & levy blackmail on m]*ants & travell]s :o _h bus9ess at ! ,fair1 & at all p>ticul>ly dang]\s spots1 su* z ! ,pass ( ,alton1 z x 0 call$1 ! spot on ! road f ,london to ,alton :]e ! ?ick woodl& made highway robb]y a comp>atively easy matt]1 s]geants1 arm$ & m\nt$1 7 /ation$ to keep ! ,pass4 ,! ,fair itself 0 a v]itable t[n ( boo?s or /alls )9 a wood5 palisade1 ea* qu>t] or #8/reet' )9 x tak+ its "n f ! m]*&ise display$ or ! nationality ( ! trad]s :o occupi$ x4 ,!n !re 7 ! ,spic]y--! g5]al groc]y1 or trade 9 sug>1 spices1 & pres]v$ fruits1 9 :i* ! monks ( ,/4 ,s)un trad$ l>gely--! ,pott]y--! ,/ann>y 7or ,falconry7--! #8/ret' ( ! ,flem+s1 ( ! ,g5oese1 ( ! ,corni%m52 & ! prices paid 7 high1 = a high #8t>iff wall' surr\nd$ ! ,fair4 ,on a burd5 borne by "o man 0 levi$ a p5ny1 on a cask ( w9e or cyd] f\rp5ce1 = a falcon twop5ce1 = an ape or be>--animals mu* affect$ z butts & play?+s by ! great1 & ev5 by ! monks--f\rp5ce4 ,multiply+ ^! by twelve1 z is cu/om>ily done1 to r$uce !m to mod]n values1 we realise h[ heavy ^! tolls 74 ,nor 7 luxuries & alcoholic dr9ks ! only article tax$4 ,! raw mat]ial paid toll too3 e bale ( wool f\rp5ce1 ( :i* twop5ce w5t to ! ,bi%op1 & twop5ce1 to conciliate popul> support evid5tly1 to ! *eck weighman4 ,plantag5et times 7 n a ,cobd5ite mill5nium2 &1 probably1 c\ld a ballot h be5 tak5 at ! "t1 :ile ! monks & ! ,bi%op's #8m5ie' w\ld und\bt$ly h vot$ = ,t>iff ,re=m1 v few ,w9*e/] citiz5s--?\gh ! ,fair 0 pr(itable en\gh to !m 9 reality--w\ld h poll$ ) !m4 ,)9 ! ,fair itself1 ! mise en scne & ! hum\rs ( ! cr[d w\ld h pres5t$ a subject fully wor?y ( ,b5 ,jonson himself1 & x is safe to say t no human conc\rse1 n ev5 ,b>?olomew ,fair 9 its mo/ palmy days1 c\ld h tax$ 8 g5ius m ?an ,/4 ,giles's ,fair dur+ ! ,edw>dian rgime w\ld h done4 ,motley1 inde$1 0 ! cr[d ga!r$ "h--,jews & ,normans1 ,poles & ,italians1 /roll+ m9/rels1 quacks & juggl]s1 ballad-mong]s & =tune-tell]s1 ?ieves & swagg]]s1 ,corporal ,nyms & ,anci5t ,pi/ols1 rogues & %>p]s ( e k9d1 *eat+1 swe>+1 danc+1 qu>rell+1 dr9k+1--hawk-ey$ *apm5 & h>d-visag$ c\ntrym51 ea* alike b5t on *eap5+ ! o!r's dem&s1 huck/]+1 ge/iculat+1 & *aff]+ 9 /range dialects & all b unkn[n tongues--:ile "h & !re vigilant assizem51 we>+ ! ,bi%op's liv]y1 pass$ eag]-ey$ amid/ !m1 ke5ly sc5t+ out defici5t weight or coz5+ ell-w&1 = 9 spite ( sev]e p5alties impos$ on all detect$ 9 su* practices1 ! ,fair 0 pre-em95tly a place :]e nobody's virtue 0 ov] nice1 & all ! #8tricks ( ! trade' fl\ri%$ 9 a cong5ial soil4 ,?us ,h>vey1 pr5tice to ,symme atte ,/ile1 :o tells u 9 ,langl&'s 8,pi]s ,pl\ghman10 h[ at ,wye & ,wyn*e/re ,i w5t to ! faire1 lifts up "s "p ( ! veil = u1 tell+ u t wikk$ly* to weye 7wick$ly to weigh7 0 8 fir/ lesson4 ,we h already spok5 ( ! ,bi%op's ,c\rt or ,pavilionis ,aula4 ,"h ! ,bailiffs & ,ju/ici>ies ( ! ,fair met1 n m]ely to make regulations1 b to disp5se ju/ice1 = ! ,pavilionis ,aula 0 also a c\rt ( summ>y jurisdiction1 a #8piep[d] c\rt1' c\r des pi$s p\dreux or du/y-foot ju/ice1 t is1 :]e ! wily ,autolycus1 or ,artful ,dodg] ( ! day1 or o!r pick] up ( unconsid]$ trifles1 0 aw>d$ %ort %rift & well-e>n$ puni%m5t ei!r 9 /ocks or pillory1 or 9 ! ,bi%op's dungeon "u ,wolvesey ,palace4 ,su* !n = "s ?ree hundr$ ye>s 0 ! great ,fair ( ! ,fe/ival ( ,/4 ,egidius4 ,= _m ye>s x surviv$1 ev5 ?\gh trade 9 ,w9*e/] 0 fall+ (f & doom$1 b x c\ld n survive indef9itely4 ,9 ,h5ry ,,vi4's "t a di/9ct fall+ (f 0 app>5t2 s9ce !n x has dw9dl$ gradually bit by bit1 till n[ ! only tangible memorial rema9+ is ! "n ( ! ,bi%op's c\rt1 ! ,pavilionis ,aula1 ! gho/ly footfall ( :i* seems /ill to be re-e*o$ 9 ! "n 8,palm ,hall10 a well-kn[n resid5ce /&+ on ! br[ ( ! hill :]e #8all ! fun ( ! ,fair' sp>kl$ & bubbl$ s _m hundr$s ( ye>s be=e4 ,side by side ) ! ,fair 0 ! ,pilgrim /ream1 :i* too rea*$ its height ab\t ?is p]iod4 ,we h se5 h[ e>ly 9 ,edw>d ! ,eld]'s reign ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,josse 9 ,newan ,myn/re attract$ pilgrims to ,w9*e/] & gave x a reputation--a reputation :i* ! en%r9em5t 9 ,edg>'s reign ( ,s)un's bones enorm\sly add$ to4 ,tales ( miracle 7 circulat$1 widespread & equally widely cr$it$1 cripples 7 heal$1 ! lame walk$1 & ,/4 ,s)un's became ! mo/ popul> pilgrimage c5tre 9 all ,s\!rn ,engl&4 ,f ,h5ry ,,ii4's reign1 ?\gh ! %r9e ( ,becket rose into importance1 ,/4 ,s)un's did n abate 9 popul>ity1 & ! /ream ( pi\s1 du/-lad5 feet /ill fl[$ j ! same to & f x1 save t _m go+ on pilgrimage w\ld visit ! %r9es ( bo? ,/4 ,?omas & ,/4 ,s)un on _! way4 ,ri* & poor1 a-foot or 9 ! saddle1 !y /ream$ into ,w9*e/] z soon z ! pilgrim season--! e>ly spr+1 t is1--arriv$4 ,z ,*auc] tells u3 ,:an t ,aprille ) 8 %[rs swoote ,! dr\ght ( ,m>*e ha? p]cd to ! roote1 99 99 99 99 99 ,?anne long5 folk to gon on pilgrimages4 ,! weal?i] lodg$ 9 ho/elries & inns1 ! poor] f\nd %elt] & hospitality )9 ! walls ( conv5t or nunn]y4 ,f s\? & we/ !y came--ov] ! ,roman road f ,s>um & along ! ,it*5 valley f ,s\?ampton1 turn+ aside to visit ,/4 ,cross & receive ! wayf>]'s dole ( bread & be]1 till !y rea*$ ! gates ( ,/4 ,s)un's or ( ,hyde4 ,/4 ,s)un's 0 ! *ief place ( resort4 ,"h )9 ! ,pilgrim's or ,gue/5 ,hall1 ! great] "p ( :i* /ill /&s1 a r\gh b welcome b$ await$ !m1 :ile at ! butt]y a pl5tiful meal ( brok5 victuals & be] 0 to be _h = ! ask+4 ,!n next morn+ aft] mass !y w\ld be admitt$ to ! %r9e1 to say _! pray]s1 make _! humble (f]+1 & dep>t4 ,an un:olesome & unsav\ry en\gh cr[d1 d\btless1 9 ! ma9--travel-/a9$1 footsore1 & unwa%$1 disease accompani$ !m1 frequ5tly en\gh1 f c5tre to c5tre1 j z plague foll[s n[adays ! ea/]n l9es ( pilgrimage 9 ,india & ,arabia--& n ev5 all _! piety & devotion c\ld suffici5tly ende> !m to ! monks ( ,/4 ,s)un z to make !m p]sonally acceptable1 & secure unre/rict$ welcome = !m )9 _! *ur* & mona/]y4 ,accord+ly1 ?\gh all[$ to ent] ! ,ca!dral freely1 _! lib]ty )9 x 0 circumscrib$4 ,admitt$ to ! nor? transept by a special door--! ,pilgrim's door1 n[ wall$ up--!y c\ld make _! way into ,godfrey de ,lucy's retro-*oir1 ! great ext5sion ea/ ( ! high alt>1 :]e ! %r9e ( ! sa9t 0 plac$4 ,s mu* & no m ( ! ,ca!dral 0 op5 to !m1 = at ! head ( ! presbyt]y /eps1 lead+ d[n to ! s\? transept & nave1 massive iron-"w gates b>r$ ! way2 ! gates are to be se5 /ill1 ?\gh long s9ce remov$ to ne> ! we/]n entrance ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,& s _! devotions end$1 !y w\ld j\rney on--on ,illu/ration3 ,,middle ,,gate1 ,,w9*e/] ,,college ,middle ,gate gives access to ,middle or ,*amb] ,c\rt--s call$ f #8,election ,*amb]1' ! l>ge room ov] ! gateway :]e #8elections' to college 7 =m]ly held4 ,! ?ree /atues ov] ! gateway repres5t ! ,virg91 ! ,ar*angel ,gabriel1 & ! ,f\nd]4 ,! qua9t old cu/om ( college boys cross+ ! ,quad b>ehead$1 9 hon\r ( ! ,virg91 is foll[$ at ,w9*e/] ,college /ill4 to ! great ,abbey ( ,hyde1 !n on to ,headb\rne ,wor?y *ur*1 to visit ! ,saxon rood at its we/]n end1 !n on by ,alton & ,f>nham1 probably to re/ = ! night 9 ! great ,ci/]cian ,abbey ( ,wav]ley h>d by1 & s on by ,guild=d & ,/4 ,m>?a's to ,cant]bury--a well-def9$ r\te cle>ly m>k$ ev5 n[ = mu* ( its l5g?1 & /ill kn[n z ! ,pilgrim's way4 ,s great a vogue did ! pilgrimage crav+ become t at l5g? x _h to be controll$ & =bidd5 by law4 ,yet ! pilgrimage _h its uses--! op5-air j\rney1 sev]e ?\gh its h>d%ips 7 to ! ill-f\nd & poorly %od1 s]v$1 d\btless1 z a magnific5t tonic1 bo? m5tal z well z bodily1 & mu/ h done mu* to correct ! t]rible insul>ity ( ideas :i* a population o!rwise *a9$ to ! soil mu/ o!rwise h eng5d]$4 ,nor1 9 all probability1 0 ! belief 9 ! efficacy ( pilgrimages 9 ! cure ( diseases1 p>ticul>ly m5tal ones1 )\t at lea/ "s sub/antial basis ( tru?4 ,z 9 ! case ( ,h5ry ( ,hoh5eck1 s also1 mutatis mut&is1 might _m a pilgrim to ,w9*e/] h _h x said ( him3 ,& he 0 heal$ 9 8 despair ,by ! t\* ( ,/4 ,s)un's bones1 ,?\gh ,i ?9k ! long ride 9 ! op5 air1 ,t pilgrimage ov] /ocks & /ones1 ,9 ! miracle mu/ come 9 = its %>e4 ,a miracle none ! less pron\nc$ because ! air ( ,hamp%ire ,d[ns _h be5 a pot5t b unrealiz$ contributory factor 9 ! result4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,mona/ic ,,life ,grosse ,/dte1 rei*e ,kl/] ,s*aff51 dass me9 ,l& d5 eur5 ,wohl ni*t /eht an ,s*tz5 na*4 ,,k]n]1 ,d] rei*/e ,fr/4 ,b active z 7 ! curr5ts t circulat$ 9 & r\nd ! gilds1 ! wool m>kets1 ! annual fair1 & ! pilgrimage resorts1 ! dom9at+ /ream 0 t :i* fl[$ ?r\gh ! mona/ic *annel1 & ov] m$iaeval ,w9*e/] ! influ5ce ( ! mona/]y 9 "o =m or o!r1 :e!r ( priory1 abbey1 or nunn]y1 or :e!r ( ! m5dicant ord]s1 or nurs+ si/]hoods1 n[ = a consid]able "t firmly e/abli%$ 9 ! city1 0 supreme4 ,! ,priory 0 a seclud$ area1 ! privacy ( :i* 0 jeal\sly gu>d$4 ,! ,ca!dral itself1 f ! ea/]n angle ( ! nor? transept to ! s\!rn corn] ( ! we/ front1 =m$ ! effective b\nd>y on ! city side1 ) ! great *ur*y>d ly+ betwe5 x & ! city prop]4 ,! rema9d] 0 suppli$ by ! high close-wall runn+ all r\nd x1 mu* z ! great] "p ( x does n[1 flank$ to ! ea/ by ! b\nd>y ( ! ,bi%op's resid5ce at ,wolvesey1 & =m+1 ) ! latt]1 "p ( ! ext]nal def5ces ( ! city1 s t betwe5 !m ! monks & ! ,bi%op reliev$ ! citiz5s ( some?+ l a qu>t] ( ! burd5--a heavy "o at t "t--( keep+ ! walls 9 repair & def5d+ !m if attack$4 ,! ma9 entrance 0 !n1 z n[1 ! great close-gate1 op5+ into ,s)un's ,/reet ne> ,k+sgate1--! po9t ( attack 9 ! tr\bles ( #abfd--;& besides ?is a small po/]n or op5+ gave access f #8,p>adise'--z ! area ea/ ( ! nor!rn transept 0 & /ill is call$--to ,colebrook ,/reet & ,pat]no/] ,r[4 ,f ! *ur*y>d to ! dome/ic qu>t] no direct means ( access exi/$2 ! #8,slype' or passage ?r\gh ! great s\?-we/]n buttress 0 n yet made1 & to pass f ! we/ "p into ! cloi/] x 0 necess>y to pass ?r\gh ! ,ca!dral itself4 ,! dome/ic build+s--z 0 always ! case ) ! ,b5$ict9es1 & ,/4 ,s)un's 0 a ,b5$ict9e h\se--7 gr\p$ on ! s\?4 ,! cloi/] g>? 0 a squ>e enclosure1 s\? ( ! nave1 ro($ ov]head & flagg$ bel[1 b o!rwise op5 to ! air1 ) ! op5 lavatory or g5]al wa%+-place 9 ! c5tre4 ,?is 0 ! monks' usual place ( resort1 except :5 ! s]vices 9 *ur* or special duties call$ !m else:]e4 ,"h1 half 9 ! op5 air1 !y read1 !y /udi$1 lab\r$ at ! occupations ( ! scriptorium1 ! illum9at$ missal or book ( ! #8,h\rs4' ,"h 0 _! libr>y1 & "h ! magi/] ord9is held 8 s*ool = novices1 a s*ool :]e ! in/ruction1 h[ev]1 0 n1 z is commonly suppos$1 ! humanities or ev5 div9ity1 b ! rule ( ! ord] ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 to be1 to ! monk1 f ! mom5t he _h tak5 ! v[s1 m ?an 8 consci5ce4 ,"h 9 ! cloi/]1 too1 ! monks enjoy$ su* m9or relaxations z fell to _! lot4 ,"h !y took _! #8m]idian' or mid-day sie/a2 & "h1 = all ! _w l great s*oolboys--:5ev]1 t is1 ! pry+ eyes ( ,sacri/ or ,prec5tor 7 n ^u !m--!y ev5 indulg$ at times 9 h>mless b unau?oriz$ gossip & 8snat*$ a fe>ful joy40 ,gr\p$ r\nd ! cloi/] g>?--_! site n[ occupi$ by canons' h\ses--7 ! dome/ic build+s prop]3 ! kit*5 to ! we/1 ! refectory on ! s\?4 ,on ! ea/--its ,norman ar*es /ill 9 "p /&+--0 ! ,*apt] ,h\se1 :]e ! ,prior held a *apt] daily = ! regulation ( ! int]nal r\t9e1 & = ! admonition or correction ( (f5d]s aga9/ ! discipl9e4 ,s\? ( ?is1 :]e n[ ! ,dean]y /&s1 7 ! ,prior's qu>t]s4 ,f>!r to ! ea/ 7 ! sleep+ qu>t]s1 ! #8dort\r' or common dormitory1 ! sick h\se or infirm>y1 & s =?2 :ile /&+ by itself at "s little di/ance 9 ! out] c\rt--,mirabel ,close z x 0 call$--0 ! ,pilgrims' hall1 :]e ! poor] pilgrims 7 lodg$1 & n[ almo/ ! only "p ( ! dome/ic build+s ( ! mona/]y /ill /&+4 ,at ! p]iod we are speak+ ( mona/ic life _h assum$ a "* entirely diff]5t f :at x _h borne 9 ,saxon & ,norman days4 ,pov]ty1 ob$i5ce1 *a/ity1 & toil _h be5 n only ! motto1 b actually ! practice1 ( ! e>li] monk4 ,he _h n only pray$ & wept1 & d5i$ himself ease & creature com=ts--8 life _h be5 "o unceas+ r\nd ( sev]e bodily lab\r4 ,8 own ef=ts _h suffic$ = 8 daily wants1 & 9 m9i/]+ to !m1 he _h taught ! savage p r\nd him ! arts ( agriculture1 he _h reclaim$ ! wa/e l&s1 & _h lit]ally made ! wild]ness to blossom l ! rose4 ,b ?is active1 simple phase _h pass$ away4 ,mona/]ies l ,/4 ,s)un's or ,hyde n[ p]=m$ important c]emonial & social duties ( an (ficial "*4 ,! ,prior ( ,/4 ,s)un's kept lordly /ate2 ! ,abbot ( ,hyde wore a mitre4 ,^! mona/]ies controll$ ext5sive int]e/s1 sway$ l>ge e/ates1 held mu* *ur* patronage1 & ext5d$ g5]\s hospitality to high & l[ alike4 ,! simple organisation ( e>li] times n[ no long] suffic$1 & a consid]able ret9ue ( lay bro!rs 0 consid]$ necess>y = ! dome/ic s]vice ( ! mona/]y1 :ile ! m purely spiritual duties alone 7 p]=m$ by ! monks !mselves4 ,! monk 0 ?us left free to pray & /udy1 to p]=m 8 regul> (fices1 & keep 8 #8h\rs' /rictly1 & only ! m responsible ( ! dome/ic duties or ^? ( sup]vis+ ! sev]al dep>tm5ts ( activity 7 assign$ to ^? :o _h tak5 ! v[4 ,! lay bre?r5 or reta9]s p]=m$ ! m5ial duties1 & 7 s completely sep>ate f ! bre?r5 9 ord]s t !y 7 ev5 exclud$ f _! *ur*es4 ,?us ! little p>i% *ur* ( ,/4 ,s)un p]*$ above ,k+sgate 0 set ap>t = ! lay s]vants ( ! ,priory1 & ! p>i% *ur* ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ,hyde1 9 l mann] = ^? ( ,hyde ,abbey4 ,probably few at t day c\ld h =ese5 t ! *ur*es built = ! lay reta9]s w\ld prove m endur+ ?an ! great mona/]ies !mselves4 ,?us1 spiritually speak+1 ! mona/]ies 71 if n actually dead1 at lea/ moribund4 ,%ut 9 f ! _w outside !y affect$ less & less ! /ream ( g5]al spiritual life1 & gradual atrophy ( spiritual p[]s foll[$ inevitably on ! failure to ex]cise !m4 ,yet x w\ld be a pr(\nd mi/ake to inf]--z "o easily might1 p>ticul>ly if "o 7 guid$ by popul> pictorial repres5tations ( x--t ! life ( ! f\rte5? c5tury monk 0 "o ( ease & enjoym5t4 ,9 reality x 0 "o ( sev]e discipl9e & self-repression4 ,! eight daily s]vices ( ! h\rs beg9n+ at midnight ) nocturnes1 & end+ at ev5+ ) compl9e1 ) ! en=c$ vigils & brok5 p]iods ( sleep !y entail$1 7 b a "p ( ! regul> daily obligation4 ,9 addition !re 7 masses to be said1 /udy & read+ 9 ! cloi/]1 ! lab\rs ( tea*+ & ( ! scriptorium4 ,x is a some:at *eap sne] to set d[n ! monk z m]ely indol5t or self-indulg5t1 b 8 life c]ta9ly t5d$ z a rule m to dead5 ?an to exalt1 & ! monk ent]$ ! cloi/] only too (t5 to discov] no?+ b a limit$ outlook & a dre>y r\nd ( humdrum trivialities1 in/ead ( ! religi\s peace & ! beatific vision he _h expect$4 ,! bre?r5 :o controll$ ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( mona/ic economy 7 t]m$ ,ob$i5ti>ii1 or bre?r5 yield+ ob$i5ce to ! ,prior1 & responsible to him = p]=mance ( _! respective duties4 ,! ,prior 0 ov] all1 & next to him 0 ! ,sub-prior4 ,! *ur* 0 look$ aft] by ! ,sacri/ & ! ,prec5tor4 ,^! regulat$ ! s]vices1 :ile ! latt] 9 addition 0 responsible = ! discipl9e4 ,he 0 ! g5]al policeman1 a k9d ( p]ipatetic consci5ce1 impos+ sil5ce 9 ! cloi/]1 & *eck+ illicit conv]sation1 & p>ticul>ly on ! al]t dur+ nocturnal s]vice1 le/ ! burd5 ( dr[s9ess %\ld prove too heavy = any ( ! wor%ipp]s4 ,arm$ ) a lant]n he /ole f bro!r to bro!r1 & if any 0 f\nd nodd+ he plac$ ! lant]n at ! (f5d]'s feet1 :o1 ?us detect$ & op5ly %am$1 0 requir$ to take up1 z x 71 ! #8fi]y cross1' & be> x on until he %\ld f9d ano!r guilty l himself1 9 :i* case he might pass ! unwelcome task on to 8 companion 9 disgrace--a k9d ( mona/ic game ( t\*1 n )\t its humor\s side4 ,! manag] ( ! e/ates 0 ! ,receiv] or ,treasur]1 ! *ief dome/ic (ficial ! ,hord>ian or ,/ew>d1 o!rs 7 ! ,cu/os op]um or ,keep] ( ! ,fabric1 ! ,cell>]1 ! ,almon]1 ! ,ma/] ( ! ,novices1 or ,magi/] ord9is1 ! ,g>d5]1 & s on4 ,a some:at full collection ( ,ob$i5ti>y ,rolls1 or (ficial acc\nts ( ,/4 ,s)un's ,priory1 /ill exi/s1 & mu* valuable & int]e/+ in=mation has be5 r5d]$ accessible to ! g5]al public by ,dean ,kit*51 :o has edit$ !m1 & f ^! we c le>n full details ( ! daily life1 diet>y1 & op]ations ( ! monks ( ,/4 ,s)un4 ,!y _h two ma9 meals a day1 ) c]ta9 o!r opportunities = m9or refre%m5t4 ,bread1 *eese1 meat1 fi%1 & eggs appe> to h be5 freely provid$1 ?\gh x mu/ be rememb]$ t !re 7 always gue/s z well z ! monks to be cat]$ =4 ,on fa/ days #8dryl+e1' or salt fi%1 & mu/>d figur$ l>gely1 ! mu/>d s]v+ z a corrective to ! unpalatable f>e1 & d\btless1 too1 a useful tonic to bodies :i* _h to endure s _m h\rs 9 a /one *ur* or 9 an op5 cloi/] entirely unprovid$ ) artificial means ( w>m+4 ,be] 0 ! g5]al1 & w9e a r>] bev]age4 ,reli%es & extra di%es 7 grant$ f "t to "t1 z1 = in/ance1 on fe/ival occasions1 or z a rew>d = special duties4 ,to gu>d aga9/ *ills furs 7 l>gely worn1 & 7 inde$ a heavy item ( exp5diture4 ,spices 7 l>gely us$ z com=ts 9 ! same way z ! mu/>d already ref]r$ to1 & to keep ! monks 9 heal? ! g>d5] 0 requir$ to supply ea* monk ) a regulation numb] ( apples daily f ,adv5t to ,l5t1 d\btless1 aga91 a wise provision at a p]iod :5 vegetables 7 ,illu/ration3 ,,cloi/]s ,,& ,,fromond',s ,,*antry1 ,,w9*e/] ,,college 8,b let my due feet nev] fail ,to walk ! /udi\s cloi/]'s pale40 ,cloi/]s1 ) ,fromond's ,*antry 9 ! c5tre 7= ,college has two *apels71 =ms "o ( ! mo/ poetic spots ( ,w9*e/] ,college4 ,9 e>li] days s*ool 0 held 9 ,cloi/]s dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,9 ,cloi/]s ! ,college dead lie buri$4 ,_m =m] s*ol>s h cut or c>v$ _! names on ! /one-"w ( ,cloi/]s1 among !m ! fam\s ,k51 aft]w>ds ,bi%op ( ,ba? & ,wells1 :o wrote 8 ,manual ( ,pray]s = ! use ( ,w9*e/] ,college ,boys4 ,8 morn+ hymn 8,awake1 my s\l1 & ) ! sun10 & ev5+ hymn 8,glory to ,!e1 my ,god1 ?is night10 fir/ appe>$ 9 ?is ,manual4 ,! inscription 9 ,cloi/]s is 8,?os4 ,k51 #affe40 n[h]e readily obta9able z at pres5t4 ,z an additional corrective1 blood-lett+1 five times a ye>1 0 an habitual practice1 & z ?is involv$ ?ree days 9 hospital1 i4e4 practically ?ree days' holiday1 x 0 r look$ =w>d to ?an o!rwise4 #8,%av+ day' 0 an important ev5t4 ,on ,maunday ,?ursday ! monks wa%$ ea* o!r's feet1 & once a ye> !y _h a ba?4 ,! /raw = ! pallets1 on :i* !y slept 9 ! #8dort\r1' 0 *ang$ once a ye>4 ,! meals 7 tak5 9 sil5ce 9 ! refectory1 :ile1 to transpose ! poet's words1 ,! ,read] dron$ f ! ,pulpit1 ,l ! murmur ( _m bees1 ,! leg5ds ( good ,/4 ,s)un ,& ,/4 ,b5et's homilies4 ,/raw litt] cov]$ ! floor1 :i* 0 *ang$ sev5 times a ye>--a high] /&>d ( cleanl9ess & luxury ?an prevail$ g5]ally1 see+ t ,erasmus1 #bjj ye>s lat]1 c\ld /ill compla9 ( ! fil?y ru%-cov]$ floors ( ,engli% h\ses1 :]e bones1 scraps1 & ale f ! table accumulat$1 ) ev5 less desirable k9ds ( dirt1 & :i*1 :5 x 0 replac$1 0 remov$ s p]functorily t ! l[] lay]s rema9$ undi/urb$1 x might be = ye>s4 ,! ,ob$i5ti>y ,rolls1 moreov]1 supply u ) an int]e/+ insight into ! commodities 9 g5]al use1 & also into _! prices4 ,r$uc+ to mod]n values we f9d an egg & a h]r+ practically co/ !n1 z n[1 a p5ny apiece4 ,sug> exi/$ 9 v>i\s =ms--,sug> ,scaffatyn1 ,sug> ( ,cyprus1 ,sug> ,roset1 & sweetmeats or comfits ( v>i\s k9ds1 v>y+ f "o to sev]al %ill+s a p\nd4 ,rice 0 l>gely consum$1 & co/ ?reep5ce a p\nd4 #8,coryns1' i4e4 grapes ( ,cor9?1 9 o!r words currants1 ab\t two %ill+s a p\nd4 ,enorm\s quantities ( groc]ies1 #8spic]ies' z !y 7 t]m$1 figur$ 9 ! acc\nts1 b1 d\btless1 l>gely because ,/4 ,s)un _h 8 /all at ,/4 ,giles's ,fair1 & dealt ext5sively 9 #8spices4' ,x 0 at ,fair "t t ! monks _h _! *ief holiday1 & made _! *ief pur*ases4 ,x 0 at ! ,fair t !y pur*as$ also ! furs !y wore s l>gely4 ,on ! top ( ! hill ! ,prior _h 8 special pavilion1 & kept practically op5 h\se--& d\btless ! monks ke5ly appreciat$ ! r>e opportunity ! ,fair af=d$ = a little excursion beyond ! walls4 ,= ?\gh ! ,prior m+l$ freely ) ! out] _w1 z a great political p]son-age 0 summon$ regul>ly to ,p>liam5t1 & s =?1 ! monk 9 g5]al b r>ely left ! conv5t gate1 & saw little beyond #8! /udi\s cloi/]'s pale4' ,we h few] details ( ! ,abbey ( ,hyde1 j z we h few] rema9s ( its fabric4 ,su* "p z rema9s1 ap>t f "s unimportant ru9s1 is g5]ally suppos$ to h =m$ "p ( ! ,ti! b>n4 ,opposite ! gateway ( ?is--:i* is really an int]e/+ piece ( ar*itectural "w1 un=tunately v meagre 9 ext5t1--is ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ,hyde1 :]e1 z already /at$1 ! lay s]vants ( ! abbey wor%ipp$4 ,! squ>$ & work$ /ones :i* are to be se5 freely 9 ! h\ses all r\nd ! neighb\rhood are1 o!rwise1 practically all t /ill rema9s ( ! great abbey4 ,( its int]nal life we "k also b little2 ! ,lib] de ,hyda pres]ves mo/ ( its hi/ory1 b we h no ob$i5ti>y rolls to *ronicle its small be]4 ,dur+ mu* ( its lat] hi/ory x _h a h>d /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,! ,black ,dea? all b br\ght ru9 to x1 ?\gh lat] on ,william ( ,wykeham did mu* to re/ore its prosp]ity4 ,its be/-kn[n abbot 0 ,walt] ,fyfhyde1 abbot f #acah to #acfa4 ,( ,/4 ,m>y's ,abbey we h few] details /ill4 ,x enjoy$ a consid]able rev5ue f ! tolls1 or #8octroi1' on m]*&ise :i* ent]$ ! city at ! ,ea/ ,gate4 ,f> diff]5t f ! life ( monk or nun 0 t ( ! fri>4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury he 0 firmly e/abli%$ z a ,w9*e/] in/itution4 ,he 0 ! active mission]1 ! revivali/1 ! prea*]4 ,he mov$ 9 ! _w1 n 9 ! cloi/]4 ,he taught1 he prea*$1 he visit$ ! slums2 he 0 ! ,*ur*-army work] or ! ,salvationi/ ( 8 "t1 & if he wr\ght too mu* on ! sup]/iti\s fe>s ( 8 he>]s1 ev5 if ! relics :i* he p]mitt$ !m to kiss 7 usually no?+ b #8pigges bones1' l ^? ( ,*auc]'s #8g5tle p>don]e1' z (t5 z n he w\ld h be5 prep>$ to def5d ! fraud z a pi\s deception :i* did no h>m to 8 li/5]s1 :ile z a class ! fri>s ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies 7 und\bt$ly ! salt ( ! e>?4 ,all ! f\r ord]s ( fri>s 7 repres5t$ 9 ,w9*e/]--,black ,fri>s or ,dom9icans1 ,grey ,fri>s or ,franciscans1 ,:ite ,fri>s or ,c>melites1 & ,au/9 ,fri>s4 ,_! qu>t]s 7 g5]ally 9 ! slums4 ,! "n #8,grey ,fri>s' /ill l+]s 9 #8,! ,brooks1' & #8,! ,fri>y' 9 ,s\?gate ,road pres]ves ! memory ( ! ,au/9 ,fri>s1 ?\gh ! latt]1 /rictly speak+1 7 r canons ?an fri>s prop]4 ,betwe5 ! sev]al types ( ecclesia/ics deadly jeal\sy exi/$1 & if monk & fri> agre$ at all1 x 0 probably 9 a common ho/ility to ! ord9>y p>o*ial incumb5t or p>i% prie/4 ,besides ^!1 _m small] religi\s or semi-religi\s h\ses ( v>i\s types exi/$4 ,adjo9+ ,wykeham's ,college 0 ! #8,su/]n ,spital1' a community ( nurs+ si/]s1 front+ on to ,college ,/reet2 ! little college ( ,/4 ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y /ood ne> ! b\nd>y wall ( #8,mead'2 & besides ^! 7 a numb] ( o!rs1 ( :i* ,magdal5e ,college 0 p]haps ! *ief4 ,m$iaeval ,w9*e/] c\ld c]ta9ly display #8,pi\s ,f\nd]s' ) any city ( its day4 ,! mona/]ies cont9u$ to fl\ri% 9 great] or less prosp]ity till ! middle ( ,h5ry ,,viii4's reign4 ,b ?\gh ! cloi/] monk himself might come b little 9 contact ) ! out] _w1 ! aspects 9 :i* ! mona/]y z a :ole did s 7 num]\s & important4 ,n only 9 its imm$iate vic9ity did x s]ve z educator1 g5]al almon]1 & physician1 reliev+ want & %elt]+ di/ress1 b f> away also f its walls its ^w 0 law1 its control all-suffici5t4 ,z l&$ proprietors on a widely ext5d$ scale ! mona/]ies wield$ enorm\s t]ritorial influ5ce4 ,at _! grange f>ms1 su* z ! f>m ( ! ,augu/9ians at ,silk/$e1 !y ma9ta9$ l>ge bodies ( f>m h&s1 !y re>$ %eep1 !y drove to m>ket1 !y b\ght & sold4 ,nor 0 ?is all2 all 0 fi% t came into _! net1 & ,*ur* patronage n ! lea/ important or acceptable1 s t m & m ! duty ( provid+ = ! spiritual ne$s ( neighb\r+ or outly+ p>i%es fell to _! %>e1 along ) ! ti!s or dues paid to support x1 & 9 su* cases ti! 0 no long] paid to ! incumb5t direct b to ! mona/]y1 :o appo9t$ a #8vic>' or deputy to c>ry out ! spiritual duties1--a sy/em satisfactory en\gh1 p]haps1 if fai?fully foll[$ out1 b lead+ to e =m ( evil & neglect :5 laxity sup]v5$1 & selfi%ness replac$ zeal2 & s ! sy/em ( #8vic>s' z incumb5ts 0 inaugurat$1 :ile ! frequ5t it]ation & survival up & d[n ! c\ntry side ( su* mona/ic add5da to ! names ( ,hamp%ire t[ns & villages1 z ,it*5 ,abbas1 ,abbot's ,ann1 ,monk's ,%]borne1 ,prior's ,b>ton1 to quote b "o or two1 is an eloqu5t te/imony to ! firm grasp :i* ! monk _h secur$ ( ! spiritual patrimony ( ! ,*ur*1 & to ?is m ?an any?+ else is to be attribut$ ! pres5t pov]ty ( ! ,*ur*1 & ! lay patronage exi/+ 9 s _m rural ,engli% p>i%es to-day4 ,! clos+ sc5e 9 ! mona/ic /ory 0 n1 h[ev]1 to be rea*$ = "s c5tury or s long]4 ,9 ,h5ry ,,viii4's "t1 h[ev]1 mona/]ies _h drift$ s hopelessly f ! g5]al /ream ( national life1 t x 0 evid5t _! exi/5ce c\ld n be indef9itely prolong$ on exi/+ l9es1 & ,wolsey1 ) an insight & high zeal = re=m :i* is r>ely done suffici5t ju/ice to1 conceiv$ ! plan ( clos+ !m & div]t+ ! funds ?us set free to o!r religi\s & k9dr$ purposes1 ! end[m5t ( s*ools1 colleges1 etc4 ,h5ry ,,viii4 avail$ himself ( ,wolsey's sugge/ion1 & ,?omas ,cromwell1 ! supple & unscrupul\s in/rum5t ( an equally unscrupul\s ma/]1 c>ri$ x out1--n1 h[ev]1 ) any view ( a "r-m9d$ div]sion ( funds set aside = religi\s purposes1 b ) ! int5tion1 b>ely veil$1 ( selfi% misappropriation1 & ! satisfaction ( p]sonal gre$1 & 9 ! g5]al scramble = plund]1 n only did ! mona/ic prop]ty1 z su*1 get swall[$ up1 b ! p>o*ial end[m5ts--:]e vic>s 7 9 be+1 at lea/--7 swall[$ up also4 ,! actual clos+ 0 c>ri$ out by two commissions4 ,9 #aecf "s ( ! small] ,w9*e/] h\ses 7 suppress$1 includ+ ! ,su/]n ,spital & ! v>i\s fri>ies4 ,!n 9 #aecg a second commission 0 appo9t$1 & ! l>g] h\ses began to fall4 ,at ,hyde1 ,abbot ,salcot prov$ #8con=mable' & surr5d]$ ! abbey1 & 9 #aech ,cromwell's commission]s1 ) ! notori\s ,?omas ,wrio!sley1 aft]w>ds ,e>l ( ,s\?ampton1 act+ ! "p ( #8lead+ villa9' ( ! piece1 visit$ x to c>ry out ! "w ( demoli%m5t4 ,9 a lett] to ,cromwell !y ?us describe _! "w at ,hyde3-- ,ab\t ?ree o'clock 7,a4,m47 we made an end ( ! %r9e "h at ,wyn*e/]4444 ,we ?9k ! silv] !re( w am\nt to ne> two ?\s& m>ks4 ,go+ to our b$s-w>d1 we view$ ! alt>1 :i* we purpose to br+ ) u4 ,su* a piece ( "w x is t we ?9k we %all n rid x1 do+ our be/1 be=e ,monday next or ,tuesday morn+1 :i* done we int5d1 bo? at ,hyde & at ,/4 ,m>y's1 to sweep away all ! rott5 bones t be call$ relics1 :i* we may n omit le/ x be ?\ght t we came m = ! treasure ?an = avoid+ ! abom9ations ( idolatry4 ,! words are significant1 & ! h\r #c ,a4,m4 tells its own tale4 ,! abbot & o!r inmates receiv$ p5sions1 v mode/ ones1 & ! manors fell into v>i\s lay h&s4 ,wrio!sley secur$ ! lion's %>e4 ,! abbey build+s 7 sold = ! mat]ial !y 7 built (1 & s rapidly did mo/ ( x disappe>1 t ,lel& 9 #aeci says 9 8 well-kn[n ,it9]>y3 8,9 ?is suburb /ood ! great abbey ( ,hyde1 & ha? yet a p>i% *ur*40 ,camd51 writ+ %ortly aft]1 speaks ( ! 8b>e site1 de=m$ ) heaps ( ru9s1 daily dug up to burn into lime40 ,9 #aghh :at /ill rema9$ ( ! ru9s 0 ne>ly all root$ up to make a ,c\nty ,bridewell4 ,no ?\ght ( ,alfr$1 or ! o!r mighty & illu/ri\s dead buri$ )9 ! prec9cts1 seems to h /ay$ ! ,v&al h&s2 num]\s relics1 pat5s1 *alices1 r+s 7 f\nd4 ,a slab ( /one be>+ ,alfr$'s "n 0 tak5 away1 & is /ill pres]v$ at ,corby1 9 ,cumb]l&4 ,x 0 n "p ( ,alfr$'s tomb1 z x be>s ! date #hia4 ,s f> all attempts to locate ! position ( ,alfr$'s tomb h be5 unsuccessful4 ,l ,moses ( old1 8no man kn[e? ( 8 sepul*re unto ?is day40 ,! suppression ( ,/4 ,s)un's _h results less dra/ic4 ,hyde ,abbey 0 simply swall[$ up 9 ! cata/rophe4 ,/4 ,s)un's 0 trans=m$ into ! capitul> body ( ! ,ca!dral1 ! ,prior1 ,sub-prior1 & monks disappe>$1 & 9 _! places succe$$ ! ,dean1 ! ,*apt]1 & ,canons ( ,w9*e/]4 ,! new e/abli%m5t ?us =m$ 0 at fir/ compos$ ( ! ,dean1 twelve preb5d>ies1 & six m9or canons4 ,! ,prior1 ,william ,k+smill1 prov$ #8v con=mable1' & became ! fir/ ,dean ( ! new collegiate body4 ,! commission]s1 "h z at ,hyde1 /ripp$ ! ,ca!dral ( its ornam5ts4 ,! silv] %r9e ( ,/4 ,s)un disappe>$1 & v>i\s o!r %r9es1 & ! glori\s treasures ( gold & silv]1 & preci\s /ones1 ! gifts ( ,cnut1 ,bi%op ,/ig&1 & _m ano!r pi\s donor1 :i* _h grac$ ! high alt>1 7 all swept away by ! gre$y h&s ( ! spoil]s4 ,! dome/ic build+s h almo/ all n[ disappe>$4 ,! *apt]-h\se 0 pull$ d[n 9 #aegj by ,bi%op ,horne1 l>gely = ! sake ( ! lead5 ro(2 & ! cloi/]s lat] on suff]$ a simil> fate4 ,"p ( "o ( ! conv5t kit*5s rema9s 9 "o ( ,illu/ration3 ,,memorial ,,gateway1 ,,w9*e/] ,,college ,! ,memorial ,gateway1 op5+ on to ,k+sgate ,/reet1 0 erect$ rec5tly 9 memory ( ,wykehami/s :o fell 9 ! ,s\? ,african ,w>4 ! h\ses at ! we/ side ( ! cloi/] g>?1 & "s portions ( ! dome/ic build+s /ill rema9 9 ! ,dean]y1 b practically all connect$ ) ! dome/ic life ( ! mona/]y has n[ disappe>$4 ,9 #afcb ,bi%op ,curle op5$ a passage1 n[ call$ #8,! ,slype1' by cutt+ ?r\gh ! great buttress on ! s\? side1 & s conv]t$ ! cloi/] g>? into a ?or\ghf>e4 ,two curi\s ,lat9 anagrams cut on ! we/ front ( ! ,ca!dral & on ! wall adjo9+ commemorate ?is4 ,b ! ,priory1 ?us trans=m$1 ga9$ r ?an lo/ 9 usefulness4 ,mu* ( ! prop]ty 0 inde$ seiz$ by ! k+1 b ! ,dean & ,*apt] h rema9$ o!rwise 9 full possession ( ! p[]s & privileges grant$ to !m1 :ile ! full] & less re/rict$ range ( activity has r5d]$ ! ,ca!dral ! c5tre ( ecclesia/ical life & ( ext5d$ usefulness1 f> exce$+ :at ! ,priory 9 its lat] days ev] succe$$ or p]haps ev] aim$ at secur+4 ,! suppression ( ,/4 ,s)un's 0 ! fir/ 9 po9t ( "t2 lat] on1 9 #aech1 ,hyde 0 dissolv$2 9 #aeci1 ,/4 ,m>y's ,abbey--,nunna ,myn/re--f\nd$ by ,als)a1 ,que5 ( ,alfr$ ! ,great1 suff]$ a l doom4 ,/4 ,elizabe?'s ,college la/$ a few ye>s long]1 & 0 f9ally sold to ,w9*e/] ,college 9 #aedg1 & ! build+s pull$ d[n4 ,! college luckily surviv$ ! visitation1 s1 also1 equally =tunately1 did ,/4 ,cross & ,/4 ,john's ,hospital1 & ^! rema9 9 cont9u$ & m ext5d$ usefulness till ! pres5t day4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,! ,,ca!dral ,s]mons 9 ,/ones4 ,to deal adequately ) ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral w\ld be almo/ to write ! hi/ory ( ,engl&1 a task manife/ly impossible )9 ! limits ( su* a "w z ?is4 ,= ! ,ca!dral is n m]ely a build+1 b a v]itable hi/ory 9 /one1 & t n a hi/ory--z hi/oric build+s v (t5 are--( a community :i* has rais$ b a small eddy 9 ! wat]s ( national life1 b ( "o :i* has pr(\ndly affect$ ! =tunes ( ! nation dur+ almo/ e p]iod ( its exi/5ce4 ,x is safe to say t sc>cely a s+le /orm ( national /rife has bur/ ^u ! l& )\t leav+ 9 "s way an impress ^u ^! grey /one walls1 & dur+ a p]iod ( _m c5turies !re 0 sc>cely "o s+le actor ( em95ce 9 ! national drama :o did n leave1 9 "s =m or o!r1 a record imp]i%ably grav5 "h beh9d him4 ,n only h ^! /ones witness$ ! coronations ( k+s--! baptisms1 m>riages1 & burials ( pr9ces--! consecration ( bi%ops1 & _m ano!r c]emony ( high national significance1 b !y en%r9e )9 _! circuit ! sacr$ du/ ( g5]ations ( ! great dep>t$1 subject & k+1 soldi] & prie/1 /atesman & prelate2 !y are a great national ,valhalla ) :i* no o!r 9 ! l& save ,we/m9/] ,abbey c claim to comp>e4 ,z ! prec$+ pages h %[n1 a ,*ri/ian ca!dral has exi/$ cont9u\sly on ! pres5t site s9ce ! days ( ,kynegils & ,k5walh1 9 ! #g? c5tury4 ,bi%op ,s)un & ,bi%op !lwold successively add$ to or rebuilt l>ge portions ( ! fabric1 b ! only ,saxon "w n[ rema9+ is 9 ! crypt & f\ndations4 ,! pill>s & ar*es are spl5didly massive & curi\sly fa%ion$1 & %[ t !lwold's "w 0 solidly con/ruct$4 ,! ,ca!dral1 z we see x to-day1 is ! ,norman & ,angev9 ,ca!dral--! ca!dral ( ,walkelyn & ( ,godfrey de ,lucy1 trans=m$ 9 lat] ,plantag5et days by ,edyngton1 ,wykeham1 & ,beau=t1 & adorn$ by ,silk/$e1 ,fox1 & _m o!rs4 ,walkelyn's ,ca!dral 0 a typical ,norman build+1 & ! disposition ( its p>ts reflect$ a symbolism z well z a h>mony4 ,! c5tral tru?s ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 ^? ( ! ,tr9ity & ( ! r$emption1 7 beautifully symbolis$ 9 ! ?ree-fold repetition ( nave1 tri=ium1 & cl]e/ory 9 ! elevation1 & ( nave1 *oir1 & transepts dispos$ 9 ! =m ( a cross 9 ! gr\nd plan4 ,! ar*es & pill>s are *>act]i/ic examples ( ! ,norman /yle--semicircul> ar*es spr++ f heavy1 cu%ion-%ap$ capitals surm\nt+ ! /rong circul> pill>s4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! int]ior1 ?\gh heavy1 0 "o ( impressiv5ess & dignity1 z c be well se5 f ! transepts1 :i* rema9 = all practical purposes unalt]$ f _! orig9al =m1 or bett] /ill f ! int]ior ( ,*i*e/] ,ca!dral ( to-day4 ,x reflect$ alike calmness1 dignity1 & /r5g?--! dignity ( a /r5g? consci\s ( a burd5 inde$1 b self-reliant & adequate to ! task4 ,x is no light burd5 t ^? giant pill>s are be>+1 nor d !y support x joy\sly or ev5 ) ease3 ea* "o is r an ,atlas1 be>+ 8 load /rongly & uncompla9+ly1 b ne$+ to put =? all 8 p[]s 9 ! ef=t4 ,godfrey de ,lucy1 ,bi%op 9 ,ri*>d ,i4's "t1 ext5d$ ! *ur* ea/w>ds by add+ ! retro-*oir ) its beautiful ,e>ly ,engli% arcad+1 graceful columns1 & lancet w9d[s1--an ext5sion :i*1 ow+ to ! insuffici5t f\ndation on :i* he built1 is 9 l>ge measure responsible = ! insecure condition ( ! fabric to-day4 ,?is we w rev]t to lat] on 9 ! *apt]4 ,godfrey de ,lucy's object 0 to af=d space = ! ev]-increas+ numb]s ( pilgrims :o cr[d$ to ,w9*e/] to see ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,s)un1 b :o 9 o!r respects 7 unwelcome gue/s4 ,8 ext5sion ea/w>d af=d$ e facility to admit ! pilgrims 9 to view ! %r9e1 )\t giv+ !m access to ! *oir1 nave1 or dome/ic p>ts ( ! ,priory4 ,9 ,edw>d ,,iii4's reign came ! trans=mation ( ! nave & aisles--a d>+ "w comm5c$ by ,bi%op ,edyngton1 & complet$ by ,william ( ,wykeham1 almo/ equal 9 magnitude to ! recon/ruction ( ! fabric itself4 ,edyngton's "w may be se5 9 ! aisle w9d[s at ! extreme we/ ( ! build+2 ,wykeham's1 :i* is light] & m graceful1 fills ! re/ ( ! nave4 ,! g5]al result has be5 to imp>t to ! int]ior gracefulness & lightness4 ,! columns on ei!r side ( ! *oir /eps1 :i* 7 left p>tly unalt]$1 %[ u 9 "s measure h[ ! *ange 0 effect$1 p>tly by pull+ d[n & rebuild+1 p>tly by cutt+ away f ! face ( ! columns4 ,! tri=ium 0 remov$ bodily1 & ! triple r[ ( ,norman ar*es ?r[n toge!r into a s+le range ( light1 l(ty1 & graceful ,p]p5dicul>-,go?ic ar*es1 surm\nt$ by small] ,p]p5dicul> w9d[s s]v+ z cl]e/ory4 ,tri=ium prop] no long] exi/s1 b its place is tak5 by a cont9u\s n>r[ balcony runn+ along bo? sides ( ! nave4 ,! impressiv5ess & beauty ( ! effect ?us produc$ x is impossible to describe4 ,z y ent] at ! we/ end ! maje/y ( ! :ole at once sil5ces & uplifts y--a =e/ almo/ ( l(ty %afts & pill>s ris+ unbrok5 & t[]+ ov]head1 :]e !y bran* out & int]lace 9 ! beautiful intricacy ( ! fan-trac]y ( ! ro(4 ,x is n )\t appropriat5ess t ,wykeham & ,edyngton bo? lie buri$ "h 9 ! beautiful *antry *apels :i* !y respectively erect$ betwe5 ! pill>s on ! s\? side ( ! nave4 ,! "w ( trans=mation f ,norman to ,p]p5dicul> 0 cont9u$ ?r\gh ! *oir & presbyt]y aisles by ,beau=t & o!rs1 & lat] bi%ops ext5d$ ! build+ ea/w>d beyond ! limits ( ,godfrey de ,lucy's "w4 ,! ?ree *apels at ! ea/ end1 ,orleton's ,*apel1 commonly spok5 ( z ! ,*apel ( ! ,gu>dian ,angels1 ,langton's ,*apel1 & ! ,lady ,*apel1 conta9 mu* int]e/+ & v>i$ "w4 ,9 "o s5se ! retro-*oir is1 ar*itecturally speak+1 ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,x pres5ts wond]ful v>iety1 & conta9s specim5s ( practically e /age ( ar*itectural developm5t s9ce de ,lucy's day4 ,b x mu/ be confess$ t ! g5]al effect is r a confus$ m$ley ( seem+ly haphaz>d or t5tative recon/ructions1 & ! piecemeal "* ( ! sep>ate p>ts deprives x to a l>ge ext5t ( ! dignity & complet5ess ( a h>moni\s :ole4 ,n[h]e is ?is exemplifi$ bett] ?an 9 ! ?ree ea/ w9d[s ( ! s\? transept--all alt]$ f ! orig9al ,norman w9d[s1 & ea* entirely diff]5t 9 "* f its neighb\rs4 ,yet ?is v want ( h>mony is /rangely eloqu5t4 ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral1 & its ea/ end m p>ticul>ly1 is n an ar*itect's ca!dral1 s to speak--"o complete h>moni\s design l ,salisbury2 r is x a docum5t 9 /one--a de$ to :i* _m p>ticipants h affix$ _! sign-manual1 ea* 9 8 *>act]i/ic writ+1 & be>+ ! direct impress ( 8 p]sonality4 ,yet fasc9at+ z its ar*itectural features are1 !y are dw>f$ & unimportant beside ! weal? ( hi/orical association t lies lock$ up )9 ^! walls z 9 a treasure-*e/4 ,( ! _m great & solemn c]emonials :i* ^! walls h witness$--su* inde$1 to m5tion "o or two only1 z ! second coronation ( ,ri*>d ,cur-de-,lion1 ! baptism ( ,h5ry ,,vii4's son1 ,ar?ur ( ,w9*e/]1 ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 ! m>riage ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 ) 8 second wife ,joan ( ,nav>re1 & t ( ,m>y ,tudor1 ,que5 ( ,engl&1 to ,philip ( ,spa9--we w n n[ speak 9 detail4 ,r w we conc5trate our att5tion on ! hi/oric & ar*itectural monum5ts :i* meet our eye almo/ :]ev] we turn1 & among ?is weal? ( hi/orical & ar*itectural treasures ?ree may be s+l$ out = special notice--! *antry *apels1 ! r]$os1 & ! mortu>y *e/s4 ,! *antry *apels are gems ( beauty & ( int]e/1 en%r9+ ! mortal rema9s z well z ! memories ( six notable m51--,edyngton1 ,wykeham1 ,beau=t1 ,waynflete1 ,fox1 & ,g>d9]4 ,wykeham's *antry is almo/ d>+ly con/ruct$ out ( & betwe5 two ( ! great pill>s ( ! nave4 ,! memories ( ! ?ree *antry monks :o s]v$ x 9 ,wykeham's lifetime are pres]v$ by ?ree *>m+ m9iature figures plac$ 9 effigy at ,wykeham's feet4 ,! *antries ( ,beau=t1 ,waynflete1 ,fox1 & ,g>d9] are ea/ ( ! *oir4 ,beau=t's *antry1 less beautiful p]haps ar*itecturally1 is wond]fully sugge/ive4 ,h[ eloqu5tly ! recumb5t effigy seems to recall ! /rong features ( ! man :o desir$ p[] s e>ne/ly1 & c\ld d>e greatly 9 ! ef=t to possess x--^? rigid h&s n[ clasp$ meekly 9 pray] betok5 a humility & repose :i* _! own] :5 9 life probably nev] enjoy$1 nor x may be ev5 desir$4 ,waynflete1 aga91 _h a notable c>e]4 ,headma/] ( ,w9*e/]1 he 0 *os5 by ,h5ry ,,vi4 z fir/ headma/] ( 8 new f\ndation ( ,eton1 & %ortly aft] f headma/] became ,provo/1 f :i* position he rose to become ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]4 ,waynflete f\nd$ ,magdal5 ,college1 ,ox=d2 & ,magdal5 ,college has b rec5tly be5 dis*>g+ a pi\s duty by und]tak+ ! "w ne$$ = ! pres]vation ( h] f\nd]'s *antry4 ,) ,waynflete1 ,wykeham1 & ,foxe 7f\nd] ( ,corpus71 all buri$ 9 ^! *antries1 ,w9*e/] might almo/ claim to h f\nd$ ,ox=d h]self4 ,ar*itecturally ea* *antry m>ks a /ep =w>d 9 ! developm5t ( /yle1 & regi/]s ! successive /ages 9 ! rise1 culm9ation1 decl9e1 & dea? ( ,p]p5dicul> ,go?ic4 ,( ! great alt>-scre5 we h already spok54 ,"h we h ,p]p5dicul> ,go?ic at its v be/1 ri* 9 ef=t1 yet 9 p]fect ta/e1 )\t ! lea/ sugge/ion ( ! florid or ! biz>re--! detail s v>i$1 ! execution s delicate4 ,! /atu>y is mod]n1 b is beautifully execut$ & 9 p]fect keep+--a some:at unusual excell5ce--) ! orig9al "w4 ,x w\ld be h>d to meet ) s illu/rative & rem>kable a s]ies ( ,*ri/ian sa9ts & examples z are "h %[n 9 effigy gr\p$ ,illu/ration3 ,,second ,,ma/]',s ,,h\se1 ,,w9*e/] ,,college ,wykeham's #8*ildr51' ! sev5ty s*ol>s t is1 are /ill lodg$ 9 ,college1 z !y h be5 f ! fir/1 "u ! *>ge ( ! second ma/]1 ^: h\se lies betwe5 ,out] ,gateway & ,*amb] ,c\rt1 ov] :i* latt] "s ( ! w9d[s look out4 r\nd ! ,savi\r's figure--! f\r ar*angels1 ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,john1 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,pet]1 doctors l ,j]ome1 tea*]s l ,ambrose1 ,*ri/ian mission>ies l ,bir9us1 bi%ops l ,s)un1 !lwold1 ,wykeham1 & ,wolsey4 ,among sov]eigns we h ,egb]t1 ,alfr$1 ,cnut1 & ,que5 ,victoria4 ,among ! o!rs ( note are ,e>l ,godw9e1 ,izaak ,walton1 ,k5 & ,keble4 ,_m ( ^! lie actually buri$ )9 ! ,ca!dral walls1 & ne>ly all left _! m>k insep>ably & hon\rably /amp$1 alike on ! national1 z on ! city hi/ory4 ,( all ! hi/orical memorials1 h[ev]1 none is capable ( s pr(\ndly /irr+ ! imag9ation or arre/+ ! att5tion z ! six beautiful mortu>y *e/s plac$ above ! side scre5s ( ! *oir4 ,?9k :at associations ! inscriptions on ^! recall4 ,e>ly ,wessex *iefta9s1 z ,kynegils & ,k5walh3 k+s ( ,wessex1 :5 ,wessex 0 supreme ov] all ,engl&1 z ,egb]t & !lwulf3 ! union ( ,saxon & ,dane1 z p]sonifi$ by ,cnut & ,que5 ,emma2 ! ,norman tyrant z repres5t$ by ,rufus4 ,n ev5 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey itself c names su* z ^! be read4 ,& close at h& are o!r significant names too3 ,h>?acnut3 ,ri*>d1 son ( ! ,conqu]or1 fat$1 l 8 bro!r ,rufus1 to meet a viol5t dea? 9 ! ,new ,=e/1 b o!rwise unkn[n to hi/ory3 ,duke ,beorn1 murd]$ at sea by ,sweyn1 son ( ,e>l ,godw9e4 ,^! & o!r /rik+ names c be f\nd grav5 on ! /one-"w :i* c>ries ! mortu>y *e/s above4 ,( =m] bi%ops ( ,w9*e/] ! majority are buri$ "h4 ,"s ( ^!--& among !m "s ( ! mo/ fam\s--h no visible sign to m>k _! tomb2 ^! include su* names z ,bir9us1 ,s)un1 !lwold1 ,walkelyn1 ,h5ry ( ,blois4 ,!re are _m o!rs too ov] :om we %\ld l to l+]3 ,pet] de ,rupibus1 = in/ance1 ! evil g5ius ( ,h5ry ,,iii4's reign1 & ,e!lm> or ,aym]1 ! abs5tee bi%op1 :o di$ 9 ,p>is1 b desir$ 8 he>t to be plac$ 9 a casket = int]m5t 9 ! ,ca!dral1 ?\gh :5 alive 8 affections seem to h be5 c5tr$ any:]e b "h4 ,8 monum5t is m picturesque ?an 8 life 0 edify+4 ,he is repres5t$ 9 effigy 9 ! attitude ( pray]1 & hold+ 8 he>t betwe5 8 fold$ h&s4 ,9 /rik+ contra/ to ^! are monum5ts to ,bi%ops ,morley1 ,hoadley1 ,samuel ,wilb]=ce1 & ,h>old ,br[n4 ,ov] ! rema9+ monum5ts1 & !re are _m ( v great int]e/1 we _c l+]4 ,flaxman is repres5t$ by a bas-relief ( ,dr4 ,w>ton1 fam\s 9 8 day z headma/] ( ! ,college1 seat$ 9 8 magi/]ial *air1 ) a gr\p ( college boys #8up to books4' ,! details ( s*oolboy attire are curi\s & int]e/+4 ,appeal+ to a wid] circle are two flat slabs ( /one1 "o 9 ,prior ,silk/$e's ,*apel1 "o 9 ! nor? aisle4 ,! =m] be>s ! "n ,izaak ,walton1 ! latt] ,jane ,au/54 ,truly ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral is a city ( ! mighty dead4 ,9 addition to ! monum5ts !re are _m o!r features ( great attractiv5ess4 ,prior ,silk/$e's c>v$ wood5 pulpit1 ! qua9t old font curi\sly c>v$ 9 black /one1 said to h be5 br\ght to ,w9*e/] by ,h5ry ( ,blois1 & ! mis]]e seats 9 ! *oir /alls are among ^!4 ,! ,ca!dral libr>y1 too1 is ( r>e int]e/4 ,! wond]ful ,illum9at$ ,vulgate1 ) its almo/ romantic hi/ory1 & num]\s e>ly ,saxon *>t]s are pres]v$ "h1 along ) ,ca!dral & city records ( great hi/orical value4 ,! ext]ior ( ! ,ca!dral pres5ts less int]e/4 ,x is gr& & /rik+1 b h>dly beautiful4 ,! ,we/ front is flat & featureless1 ! long /raight ro( ( ! nave is monoton\s4 ,! ea/ end1 ) its v>i$ "w & ! huge ,norman transepts1 is by f> ! f9e/ portion4 ,tak5 z a :ole ! g5]al effect is extremely dignifi$ & impressive1 & ! surr\nd+s are entirely 9 keep+4 ,z y pass d[n ! beautiful lime av5ue1 or cross ! grass to ! we/ & nor?1 ! quiet dignity & repose impress y ) an influ5ce deep] ?an m]e beauty1 & ! ,ca!dral ,close1 ) its ,jacobean & ,georgian h\ses1 is equally s]5e1 dignifi$1 & attractive4 ,! ,dean]y is int]e/+1 p>ticul>ly ! ,e>ly ,engli% "w 9 ! portico1 & ! beautiful gre5 sw>d 9 ,mirabel ,close1 ) ! ,pilgrims' ,hall to ! ea/1 & ,*eyne ,c\rt ) its op5-timb]$ & gabl$ h\ses1 all bo? alike quiet1 /ately1 & h>moni\s4 ,a r>e place ?is ,close1 ) associations too ( its own4 ,ev5 n[adays x possesses its gho/--a female figure rob$ & veil$ l a nun--:i* p]sons /ill liv+ w describe to y1 = !y h se5 x !mselves1 !y decl>e1 & he>d its gho/ly footfall e*o+ z x has pac$ be=e !m on ! flags4 ,nor is ! ^w #8,close' a ^w only4 ,/ill e night ! gate is religi\sly lock$ at ! /roke ( t51 aft] :i* none may ent] or dep>t save by fav\r ( ! ,close port]1 ! l9eal successor ( ! #8pr\d portr' s prom95t 9 ,e>ly ,engli% ballad poetry4 ,be=e leav+ ! ,ca!dral we mu/ say a few words ab\t ! op]ations = ! repair ( ! fabric to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made4 ,! insecurity ( a l>ge "p ( ! fabric is due ma9ly to ! f\ndation on :i* ,godfrey de ,lucy built :5 he ext5d$ ! ,ca!dral t[>ds ! ea/4 ,to d ?is he _h to build out ov] an area ( peaty & wat]-logg$ l&1 :]e9 to rea* a solid f\ndation x 0 necess>y to g d[n ?r\gh successive lay]s ( m>l & gravel & peat1 to a consid]able dep?1 v>y+ f #af to #bd feet4 ,z ?is involv$ work+ "u wat]1 & z ! task ( deal+ ) wat] "u f\ndations 0 beyond ! skill ( build]s ( ! "t1 de ,lucy made an artificial f\ndation ( bee* logs1 or bee* trunks r1 laid horizontally "o ov] ! o!r & kept 9 place ) piles1 ) ! result t a progressive subsid5ce has occurr$1 ma9ly1 b n entirely1 at ! ea/ end1 caus+ walls to bulge & crack1 & fissures to appe>1 until ! pres5t degree ( insecurity has be5 rea*$4 ,?us x has be5 n a "q ( re/oration1 b ( pres]vation1 & ! "w has be5 tak5 9 h& n a mom5t too soon4 ,! pres5t op]ations h consi/$1 9 ! ma91 ( sy/ematic und]p9n+ ( ! walls & buttresses1 & z mu* ( ! "w has _h to be c>ri$ out "u #aj feet or s ( wat]1 a div] has be5 employ$ to lay d[n concrete 9 section aft] section at ! base ( ! new f\ndations1 ! wat] be+ aft]w>ds tempor>ily drawn (f by ! help ( p[]ful pumps1 to enable ! "w ( und]p9n+ to g on4 ,! employm5t ( div]s to lay f\ndations = a build+ #hjj ye>s old w\ld appe> a fanta/ic absurdity1 transc5d+ ! wilde/ /ret* ( imag9ative inv5tion4 ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral has actually realis$ x4 ,un=tunately1 ! secur+ ( ! s\!rn aisle ( ! nave may dem& an addition1--n m]ely und]p9n+1 b ! con/ruction ( buttresses4 ,b ^!1 al?\gh novel1 w be no m =eign to ! g5]al design ?an 7 ! correspond+ buttresses :i* ,wykeham add$ to ! nor? aisle2 & ^!1 ) ! fur!r addition ( ! great tie-rods ins]t$ at v>i\s spots 9 ! transepts & retro-*oir1 w1 x is hop$1 give ! ,ca!dral a /ability :i* w ensure its pres]vation = c5turies m4 ,! op]ations1 s novel 9 "*1 s d>+ 9 conception1 s ext5sive 9 scale1 are yet unf9i%$1 & :ile "s #ij1jjj has be5 already exp5d$ on ! "w1 some?+ l ano!r #ab1jjj is /ill ne$$ = its completion4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,college ,s*oolma/]s 9 any s*oole ,writ+ ) p5 & ink4 ,,*ilde ,,maurice4 8,mann]s maky? man0--#8mann]s' 9 ! old & wide s5se ( ! ^w1 ! equival5t ( ! ,lat9 #8mores1' or ( ! ^w #8conv]sation' 9 ,/4 ,paul's epi/les1 i4e4 moral wor? & "* z contra/$ ) weal?1 or ! symbols ( rank & p[]4 ,?is is ! motto insep>ably connect$ ) ,wykeham's f\ndations at ,w9*e/] & ,ox=d alike1 & :o %all say h[ pot5t ?is motto has be5 9 inspir+ & m\ld+ ! "* ( ,engli% manhood & ,engli% public s*ools dur+ ! five c5turies & m s9ce _! great f\nd] 0 laid to re/8 ,w9*e/] ,college is no common place4 ,if ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral1 :i* en%r9es ! bones ( ,egb]t1 %\ld be ! ,mecca ( all pi\s lov]s ( ! ,empire1 ,w9*e/] ,college %\ld be ! ,mecca = all ,engli% public s*ool m54 ,n t ,wykeham 0 ! fir/ to f\nd an ,engli% public s*ool1 :atev] exactly ! t]m #8public s*ool' may mean4 ,s*ools _h exi/$ 9 ! l& = six or sev5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ,wykeham's day4 ,!re 7 s*ools 9 ,w9*e/] itself1 z1 = in/ance1 ! anci5t ,w9*e/] ,gramm> ,s*ool1 sev5 ( ! poor s*ol>s ( :i* receiv$ a meal daily 9 ! ,hundr$ ,m5nes ,hall at ,/4 ,cross4 ,wykeham did n inv5t s*ools z public s*ools1 b :at he did 0 to give to public s*ools ! special impetus & "* :i* !y h borne ev] s9ce1 & 9 ?is s5se he is rightly nam$ & rev]$ z ! #8,fa!r ( ,engli% public s*ools4' ,e>li] s*ools _h almo/ inv>iably be5 l9k$ to collegiate *ur*es--! communities ( secul> canons--& _h occupi$ always a subord9ate position4 ,wykeham gave an indep5d5t position to 8 s*ool1 /r5g!n+ x inde$ by mak+ x "p ( a collegiate body1 & l9k+ x ) ! ,univ]sity1 ?r\gh ! si/] f\ndation ( ,new ,college--,/4 ,m>ie ,college ( ,wyn*e/] 9 ,ox=d1 to give x its full "n--:i* ,wykeham _h complet$ 9 #achf4 ,be=e ! college c\ld be comm5c$ _m prelim9>ies 7 necess>y1--bulls f ! ,pope1 & o!r (ficial sanctions1 lawsuits & agreem5ts ) all k9ds ( bodies :i* _h an int]e/ 9 ! site2 b ,wykeham began to organise 8 s*ool be=e ! p]man5t build+s 7 ready1 & = "s ye>s 8 s*ol>s 7 lodg$ 9 tempor>y qu>t]s some:]e by ,/4 ,giles's ,hill4 ,! site *os5 = ! build+s 0 j outside ! city walls to ! s\?1 & :5 at la/ all 0 ready1 on ,m>* #bj1 #acid1 ! op5+ c]emony 0 solemniz$4 ,! ag$ bi%op receiv$ ! ,w>d5 & sev5ty s*ol>s 9 ! pres5ce *amb] ( 8 ,episcopal palace ( ,wolvesey1 & ! :ole body left ,wolvesey 9 solemn procession1 & ent]$ & took possession ( _! new abode4 ,wykeham's imm$iate purpose 9 f\nd+ a s*ool appe>s to h be5 to help to provide a body ( educat$ cl]gy4 ,successive visitations ( ! #8,black ,dea?' _h deplet$ ! l& ( cl]gy1 j z x _h ( lab\r]s1 & !re 0 press+ ne$ = a supply ( educat$ m5 to recruit _! ranks4 ,x 0 to be "p ( ! object ( ! college to provide su* recruits4 ,! s*eme ( ! college & ! /atutes ( ! f\nd]s 7 c>efully ?\ght out & elaborat$4 ,! college 0 "p ( a wide educational s*eme3 a s*ool & some?+ m--a society1 ) roots 9 ,ox=d z well z 9 ,w9*e/]4 ,! society 0 to comprise a s*ool1 a *antry1 & a body ( ,fell[s4 ,! s*ool 0 to consi/ ( sev5ty s*ol>s1 a numb] *os5 v possibly 9 symbolical allusion to ! sev5ty orda9$ to tea* & prea* ?r\gh\t ! l& ( ,galilee1 j z ,dean ,colet aft]w>ds *ose #8a hundr$ & fifty & ?ree' z ! numb] ( 8 s*ol>s 9 ! s*ool he f\nd$--,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool1 ,london4 ,ov] ^! 7 a ma/] or ,magi/] in=mator1 & an u%] or ho/i>ius3 ! *antry 0 equipp$ ) ?ree *apla9s1 ?ree *apel cl]ks1 & ,illu/ration3 ,,t[] ,,( ,,ambulatory1 ,,hospital ,,( ,,/4 ,,cross1 ,,w9*e/] ,a picturesque r$-brick corn] ( ! dome/ic build+s ( ,/4 ,cross ,hospital1 close to ! magnific5t grey-/one t[] & ar*way kn[n z ,beau=t's ,t[]4 sixte5 *ori/]s3 ! numb] ( ,fell[s or ,socii 0 t54 ,! supreme head ov] ?is v>i$ community 0 ! ,w>d54 ,?is society1 complete 9 itself & s f> indep5d5t1 0 l9k$ ) ano!r--! si/] f\ndation ( ,new ,college1 ,ox=d--9 su* a way z to ga9 /ability & dignity )\t subord9ation4 ,w9*e/] 0 to be indep5d5t ( ,new1 b ! influ5ce ( ,new 0 to be a pot5t factor 9 det]m9+ ! policy ( ,w9*e/]4 ,! ,w>d5 ( ,w9*e/] 0 to be appo9t$ by ,new ,college1 & ,new ,college 0 also to h ext5sive p[]s ( visitation4 ,9 ,wykeham's day any sep>ation ( ! religi\s elem5t f o!r aspects ( education w\ld h be5 deem$ impossible1 & ev]y?+ 0 ca/ 9 a religi\s & ev5 semi-mona/ic m\ld4 ,nev]!less ! organisations = ! s*ool & *antry 7 kept q di/9ct1 & :ile div9e s]vice 0 celebrat$ practically cont9u\sly by ! *antry /aff1 ! s*ol>s 7 requir$ to att5d *apel s]vices only on ,sundays1 sa9ts' days1 or o!r fe/ivals4 ,! ,w>d5 & ,fell[s alike 7 to be 9 prie/s' ord]s4 ,! ,fell[s _h duties to p]=m connect$ ) ! *antry1 b none connect$ ) ! s*ool1 except t ! ,w>d5 & ,fell[s 7 to elect ! headma/]4 ,! headma/] 0 n necess>ily to be 9 holy ord]s2 he 0 to tea* ! s*ol>s1 & to ma9ta9 discipl9e1 & 0 to be assi/$ by ! u%] or ho/i>ius4 ,! #8sev5ty' 7 to be paup]es et indig5tes1 i4e4 poor & 9 ne$ ( assi/ance1 apt to /udy1 & well v]s$ 9 ! rudim5ts ( ,lat9 gramm>1 read+1 & pla9-song4 ,!y 7 to be elect$ by a body ( six1 kn[n aft]w>ds z #8! ,*amb]1' f ! room ov]look+ ,middle or ,*amb] ,c\rt1 #8,election ,*amb]1' :]e elections took place4 ,! #8,*amb]' 0 to consi/ ( ! ,w>d5 & two ,fell[s f ,new 7kn[n z ! s5ior & junior #8pos]s' respectively71 ) ! ,w>d51 ,subw>d51 & ,headma/] ( ,w9*e/]4 ,9 election pref]5ce 0 to be giv5 to f\nd]'s k91 & !n to o!rs 9 due degrees ( priority ( claim4 ,!y 7 to rema9 until ! age ( eighte5 ye>s1 unless on ! roll = ,new ,college2 b f\nd]'s k9 c\ld rema9 till ! age ( tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,! s*ol>s 7 to be lodg$1 bo>d$1 clo!d1 & taught entirely free ( exp5se3 !y 7 n to keep dogs1 f]rets1 or hawks3 to c>ry arms or frequ5t tav]ns3 to empty wat]1 etc41 on ! heads ( _! companions f w9d[s 9 ! c\rt--regulations :i* ?r[ a curi\s light on ! mann]s ( ! "t4 ,! s*ol>s 7 to be lodg$ & f$ "u ! *>ge ( ! ho/i>ius or u%]--an arrangem5t :i* obta9s ev5 n[1 z ! #8sev5ty' /ill reside 9 *amb]s 9 college1 "u ! *>ge ( ! second ma/]4 ,we mu/ n suppose t ,wykeham's s*ol>s 7 to be boys ei!r de/itute or 9 actual want4 ,! t]m paup]es et indig5tes 0 probably a =mal expression1 design$ to exclude ! actually weal?y r ?an any?+ else1 l ! t]m 9 ne$ ( f9ancial assi/ance ins]t$ 9 mod]n s*ol>%ip regulations4 ,9 addition to ! above1 ! /atutes contemplat$ ! admission ( a limit$ numb] ( outsid]s1 kn[n z comm5sales or common]s1 & lat] on t[n boys or oppidani 7 admitt$ z day boys4 ,! conditions "u :i* ! common]s resid$ v>i$ greatly f "t to "t4 ,9 #agbg ,dr4 ,burton1 !n headma/]1 made ext5sive additions to ! ,college build+s1 practically conv]t+ 8 own h\se into a bo>d+-h\se = !m1 & ?is build+ became kn[n z #8,old ,common]s4' ,9 #ahch ,common]s 0 rebuilt1 "u ! "n ( ,new ,common]s1 b ! result 0 n v satisfactory1 & 9 #ahfj ! pres5t plan ( bo>d+ 9 tutors' h\ses 0 comm5c$1 :5 ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,j4 ,wickham op5$ ! fir/ #8,h\se4' ,9 #ahfi1 dur+ ,dr4 ,mob]ly's t5ure z headma/]1 ! sy/em 0 ext5d$4 #8,common]s' 0 done away )1 ! common]s !mselves lodg$ 9 tutors' h\ses1 & ! build+ 9 "p trans=m$ into #8,mob]ly ,libr>y'--s t]m$ 9 memory ( ,dr4 ,mob]ly4 ,! ,college build+s & gr\nds are a *>m & a delight4 ,f ! out] front 9 ,college ,/reet1 little inde$ c be se54 ,! headma/]'s h\se1 built on ! site ( ! old ,su/]n ,spital1 is a flat-front$ mod]n build+ fac$ ) squ>$ fl9ts1 & ! old ,brew]y pres5ts little b a blank wall ( anci5t masonry4 ,! "o ext]nal feature ( int]e/ is ! delightful #8,old ,gateway' surm\nt$ by a /atue ( ! ,virg94 ,pass+ "u ,old ,gateway ) ,college ,brew ,h\se on ! "r1 & !n "u ,middle ,gate into ,*amb] ,c\rt1 "o is transport$ back imm$iately into m$iaevalism4 ,!re ov] ,middle ,gate is ! figure ( #8,sa9te ,m>ie1' & s*ol>s1 juniors1 at lea/1 if n always s5iors1 z !y cross ! quad1 d(f _! hats /ill 9 rev]5ce to ! ,virg9 z !y h done f ! beg9n+4 ,imm$iately opposite y are ,*apel & ,hall4 ,*apel1 ) ,fromond's *antry us$ by ,l[]-s*ool #8,m51'--= ,w9*e/] is rem>kable among s*ools z hav+ two *apels--& ! beautiful cloi/]s beh9d x1 ^? cloi/]s :i* ! ,f\nd] himself seems almo/ to p]vade & to spiritualize ) 8 pres5ce1 is a place to w&] 9 & dream dreams ( ! pa/4 ,hall1 approa*$1 z befits its dignity1 up a gr& old /airway1 is spl5didly impressive1 ) its magnific5t op5 timb] ro( & c>v$ wa9scot1 & ! ,f\nd]'s portrait--a picture ( real grace & beauty--dom9at+ ! high table or dais at ! o!r end4 ,9 ! lobby adjo9+ ! kit*5 !y w %[ y ! #8,tru/y ,s]vant1' ! qua9t old pa9t+ emblematic ( loyal & devot$ s]vice4 ,! riddle is expla9$ 9 a copy ( v]ses atta*$1 & ! abs5ce ( any ref]5ce to expectation ( rew>d on behalf ( ! #8,tru/y ,sweat]' is at lea/ z sugge/ive z 8 loyalty & humble demean\r4 ,mo/ appeal+1 p]haps1 aft] ,hall1 possibly m ev5 ?an ,cloi/]s1 is #8,sev5? ,*amb]1' ,wykeham's orig9al s*oolroom1 or "p ( x at lea/1 n[ us$ z a common /udy = s5ior ,college m51 & a v]itable museum ( int]e/+ rem9d]s ( old ,wykehamical life m+l$ confus$ly ) aggressively incongru\s & m mod]n #8intrusive deposits1'--"h p]haps a fram$ #8,vanity ,fair' c>toon ( ! headma/]2 !re possibly a c\ple ( ,t$dy ,be>s s]v+ z mascots--= 9 college life ! po9ts ( contra/ betwe5 anci5t & mod]n are curi\s & />tl+1 :ile n ! lea/ allur+ ( its *>act]i/ic features is ! ri* flav\r & vig\r ( college nom5clature4 #8,moab1' ! boys' wa%+-place 9 e>li] & less luxuri\s days--8,moab is my wa%-pot0--is a delici\s example ( ?is4 ,college phraseology is a subject almo/ wor?y ( sep>ate treatm5t by itself4 #8,sev5? ,*amb] ,passage1' itself orig9ally "p ( ,sev5? ,*amb]1 leads y to #8,s*ool1' ! sev5te5?-c5tury s*oolroom built by ,w>d5 ,ni*olas4 ,"h y may see ! #8?rones' or (ficial seats 9 e>li] days ( headma/] & u%]1 & ! _w-fam\s ,w9*e/] emblem on ! walls-- ,aut disce ,aut disc$e ,manet t]tia sors--ca$i4 :i* may be freely r5d]$-- ,le>n1 or dep>t1 or /ay & be beat52 ?\gh x is m ?an d\btful :e!r1 9 ! exp]i5ce ( e>li] ,wykehami/s at lea/1 ! fir/ & ! la/-m5tion$ fates 7 at all (t5 f\nd to be mutually exclusive4 ,beyond is #8,meads1' :]e #8,domum' is ye>ly held1 & beyond1 aga91 #8,new ,meads1' ) its magnific5t sw>d1 its l(ty trees1 & its memories ( #8,eton ,mat*'2 & "r away aga91 across ! riv]1 #8,hills' lies 9 full view--,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,hill1 :]e ,w9*e/] boys 9 e>li] days repair$ = recreation on #8rem$ies' or holidays1 ! joys ( :i* may be foll[$ out 9 full 9 ,bompas's delightful life ( ,frank ,buckl&4 8,mann]s maky? man0--"o is tempt$ to wond] if m may n "h be meant ?an meets ! e>1 & :e!r #8mann]s1' 9 its ,lat9 equival5t mores at lea/1 does n wrap up a punn+ allusion1 aft] ! me?od s de> to t age1 to ,w>d5 ,morys1 to ^: h&s1 on ! erection ( ! build+1 ,wykeham fir/ committ$ ! future ( 8 great college4 ,b be t z x may1 ! emblem seems to sum up ! _s ( ! college ) lit]al fidelity4 ,pass+ ?r\gh its *amb]s1 its *apel1 its c\rts1 its cloi/]s1 "o is sadly tempt$ to l+] to recall ! memory ( ?is great headma/]1 or rec\nt ! qua9t /ories told ( ?is fam\s w>d5 or t1 & ! names ( ,k51 ,arnold1 ,godd>d1 ,gabell1 ,hunt+=d1 ,b>t]1 rise almo/ in/9ctively to "o's lips4 ,we %all f9d _! memories all pi\sly pres]v$ & commemorat$ :e!r 9 portrait1 tablet1 or build+1 z = in/ance ! ,memorial ,gateway erect$ z a memorial ( ! old ,wykehami/s :o fell 9 ! ,s\? ,african ,w>2 b "h we may n /op1 & ^? :o wi% to d s c foll[ out _! /ory 9 ,lea*'s ,w9*e/] ,college or ,adams's delightful ,wykehamica4 ,b m /rik+ ?an ! pa/1 ! noble traditions nobly pres]v$ is ! vitality 9 ! pres5t4 #8,sa9te ,m>ie ,college' has always kn[n h[ to adapt h]self successfully1 z age succe$$ age1 to ! requirem5ts ( ! day1 & has paid ! true/ respect to ! ,f\nd]'s wi%es 9 nev] all[+ h]self to gr[ old4 ,!re is no fro/1 m+l$ ) ! k9dl9ess ( age1 9 ,w9*e/] ,college4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,wolvesey--,,/4 ,,cross--,,! ,,ca/le ,,hall--,,! ,,r\nd ,,table ,& = great ,ar?ur's seat ould ,w9*e/] pref]res1 ,^: ould ,r\nd ,table yet %e vaunte? to be h]s4 ,,drayton',s ,polyolbion4 ,f ,college "o turns naturally to ,wolvesey--,wolvesey ) its wond]ful grey /one walls1 its memories ( ,saxon & ,norman1 ,plantag5et & ,/u>t times4 ,"h ,alfr$ kept 8 ,c\rt1 ) all ! le>n$ m5 ( 8 "t ar\nd him2 "h ! ,engli% ,*ronicle 0 fir/ compil$2 & "h1 above t v ,wolvesey wall1 x may be1 ! ,dani% pirates captur$ 9 ! ,sol5t 7 hang$--z has be5 already relat$--9 retributive ju/ice4 ,b ! big blocks ( ru9 9 ,wolvesey ,mead are ( lat] date2 !y recall to u ! c>e] ( t notable figure among ! ,bi%ops ( ,w9*e/]1 ,h5ry ( ,blois1 ,k+ ,/eph5's bro!r1 bi%op f #aabi to #aaga--! ma/]ful man1 devot$ *ur*man1 & s*em+ politician1 ^: /ory has be5 some:at fully relat$ 9 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,to /r5g!n himself he =tifi$ ,illu/ration3 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,lawr5ce1 ,,w9*e/] ,a small b extremely int]e/+ p>i% *ur* 9 #8,! ,squ>e1' ( :i* practically all ! ext]ior1 save ! ,we/]n ,doorway & ! ,t[]1 is hidd5 f sight by ! h\ses & %ops hemm+ x 9 on all sides4 ,e ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/] on be+ in/all$ proce$s 9 solemn procession f ! ,ca!dral to ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,*ur* to r+ ! bell--a picturesque survival ( feudal days4 #8,! ,squ>e' m>ks ! site ( a palace built = 8 own occupation by ,william ! ,conqu]or4 8 dwell+ at ,wolvesey ) an #8adult]9e' ca/le--= he built "h )\t royal w>rant1 z he built 8 ca/les else:]e at ,bi%op's ,wal?am & at ,hursley1--& he sid$ alt]nately ) ,/eph5 & ,empress ,matilda 9 ! civil w>1 z circum/ances dictat$4 ,& s x befell t ,w9*e/] itself became divid$ into rival camps2 ,matilda's =ces held ! ,royal ,ca/le & ! ,bi%op held ,wolvesey1 &1 "h )9 8 def5ces1 n[ 9 ru9s1 ! ,bi%op /ood ! siege valiantly4 ,ultimately peace 0 made1 & ,w9*e/] saw ,pr9ce ,h5ry make joyful entry into h] ru9$ /reets & ratify ! compact4 ,8 lat] ye>s 7 pass$ 9 works ( peace & b5efic5ce1 & = ^! he w always be mo/ gratefully rememb]$4 ,he built ! ,hospital ( ,/4 ,cross1 a p]man5t refuge = ?irte5 poor bre?r51 & a h\se ( daily ent]ta9m5t = ! poor & ne$y outside its walls4 ,he plac$ 8 f\ndation ( ,/4 ,cross "u ! protection ( ! ,knights ( ,/4 ,john ( ,j]usalem1 an ,ord] specially devot$ to gu>d+ ! welf>e ( pilgrims & wayf>]s4 ,& s ! ,bre?r5 ( ,/4 ,cross /ill we> to-day ! eight-po9t$ cross ( ! ,ord] & ! black g[n :i* di/+ui%$ ! ,knights ,hospitall]s1 & ! wayf>]'s dole ( bread & be] may /ill be ask$ = & obta9$ at its hospitable gates4 ,advancem5t1 p]sonal p[]1 & political asc5dancy1 all ^! ,bi%op ,h5ry desir$ = himself1 /rove =1 won & lo/ 9 turn4 ,/4 ,cross reta9s its vitality /ill1--su* is ! p]5nial virtue ( unselfi% k9dl9ess & b5efic5ce4 ,?\gh its =tifications 7 dismantl$1 ,wolvesey rema9$ ! resid5ce ( ! ,bi%ops ( ,w9*e/] = _m c5turies aft] ,h5ry de ,blois4 ,"h1 on ,m>* #bh1 #acid1 9 ! pres5ce *amb] ( ,wolvesey1 ,william ( ,wykeham receiv$ ! w>d51 ,john ,morys1 & ! sev5ty s*ol>s ( 8 ,newe ,college ( ,/4 ,m>ie1 & gave !m 8 bless+ z !y set out 9 solemn procession to ent] into occupation ( _! newly erect$ premises4 ,9 ! ,civil ,w>1 aft] ,cromwell's capture ( ! city1 ! old ,bi%op's ,ca/le 0 f9ally dismantl$4 ,pres5t-day ,wolvesey ,palace /&s on y\r left z y ent] f ,college ,/reet ) ! ,norman ru9s & ! old ,tilt y>d 9 front ( x & on y\r "r4 ,bi%op ,morley1 ! fri5d ( ,k5 & ,izaak ,walton1 erect$ x4 ,b ,wolvesey & ,f>nham toge!r prov$ too heavy an episcopal burd51 & lat] bi%ops h pref]r$ to reside at ,f>nham4 ,s ,wolvesey ceas$ to be ! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]'s (ficial resid5ce1 & ! great] "p ( ,morley's build+ 0 pull$ d[n by ,bi%op ,nor? at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! gr[+ ne$ = ! division ( ! diocese makes x q possible1 h[ev]1 t ! ,bi%ops ( ,w9*e/] may aga9 be resid+ 9 ,wolvesey ,palace1 z _! pr$ecessors did = s _m hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,wykeham's ,college1 #8! ,newe ,sa9t ,m>ie ,college ( ,wyn*e/]1' is b a /one's-?r[ f ,wolvesey4 ,! /ory ( ! ,college has be5 fully dealt ) 9 a =m] *apt]1 & s1 n[1 z we pass along ,college ,/reet f ,wolvesey1 our ?\ghts may well turn to a h\se on ! left adjo9+ ,college1 ) memories ( a diff]5t k9d1 ^? ( ,jane ,au/54 ,a tablet ov] ! door recalls ! fact ( ,jane ,au/5's dea? )9 its walls 9 #ahag4 ,%e _h remov$ "h f h] home at ,*awton1 ne> ,alton1 9 hope ( recov]y "u ! m$ical treatm5t :i* ,w9*e/] c\ld af=d h]4 ,b ! hope 0 va94 ,%e lies buri$ 9 ! nor? aisle ( ! ,ca!dral nave4 ,we "k h] n[ z among ! r>e/ & mo/ *>m+ ( wom5 noveli/s4 ,( h] we %all speak aga9 9 ! *apt] on #8,w9*e/] 9 ,lit]ature4' ,"s half mile or s s\? ( ,college1 beyond ,new ,meads & ! mead[s by ! riv]--^? mead[s f :i* ! t[] & p9nacles ( ,college ,*apel =m s poetic a picture z !y m+le ) ! trees ar\nd1 & ! ,ca!dral beh9d--lies ,/4 ,cross1 a f\ndation :i* has und]gone _m vicissitudes & be5 at v>i\s times 8mu* abus$0 7see pp4 #ahh1 #ahi71 b :i* has happily n[ = _m ye>s pa/ be5 rescu$ f ! spoil] & re/or$ to ! full ex]cise ( g5]\s b5efic5ce4 ,( its f\ndation by ,h5ry ( ,blois we h already spok51 b 9 its associations ano!r hi/oric "n figures1 ( equal prom95ce ) ,bi%op ,h5ry's--t ( ,beau=t1 ,bi%op & ,c>d9al 9 ,h5ry ,,vi4's reign4 ,beau=t 0 a second f\nd]1 & ! dome/ic build+s & ! f9e gateway are 8 "w4 ,along ) ! ,bre?r5 ) black g[n & silv] cross w be se5 "s we>+ a mulb]ry g[n1 ) ! ,beau=t ,rose z emblem2 ^! are ,bre?r5 ( ! ord] ,beau=t f\nd$--! ,ord] ( ,noble ,pov]ty4 ,/4 ,cross is n a place to describe at all 9 words2 its traditions1 its *>act]i/ic cu/oms1 its g5]al atmosph]e belong to x & to x alone2 to appreciate x x mu/ be felt4 ,peaceful & dignifi$1 ) ! cle> transp>5t wat]s ( ,it*5 fl[+ quietly by at its feet1 !re is no place 9 ,w9*e/]1 or inde$ any:]e else1 :]e ! s5se ( hall[$ *>m1 ( s]5ity1 ( cont5tm5t1 & ( re/ seems q s natural & s p]vad+ z "h4 ,:]ev] else we turn 9 ,w9*e/] we f9d "s treasure or o!r ov] :i* to l+]4 ,on ! high gr\nd =m+ ! s\?-we/ angle ( ! city !re is ! ,c\nty ,hall1 la/ surviv+ relic ( ! great royal ca/le1 :i* ,william ( ,norm&y fir/ erect$ & :i* 8 successors add$ to4 ,= "s six hundr$ ye>s t great keep1 ) its heavy battlem5ts & fr[n+ ba/ions1 sc[l$ d[n ^u ! city & ov]aw$ its burgh]s4 ,yet1 grim & all b impregnable z ^? #8rude ribs' might seem to be1 m ?an "o assailant f\nd means to p5etrate )94 ,"h1 9 #aadj1 ,matilda ! ,empress1 besieg$ by ,/eph5's ,que51 0 =c$ by hung] to ab&on resi/ance1 & to seek safety by /eal? & /ratagem 9 a ha/y & disa/r\s flight--h] p[] ( effective resi/ance brok5 f9ally & = ev]4 ,"h1 9 #afde1 flu%$ ) victory f ,naseby field1 came ,cromwell1 &1 aft] n9e days ( hot cannonade1 compell$ ! surr5d] ( ! citadel--a surr5d] :i* he foll[$ up by ord]+ ! ca/le to be #8slight$1' i4e4 raz$ to ! gr\nd4 ,! pres5t ,ca/le ,hall 0 erect$ by a ,w9*e/] mon>*--,h5ry ,,iii41 ,h5ry ( ,w9*e/]4 ,"h aga9 ! s5se ( ! hi/oric pa/ swells & surges r\nd y4 ,x is almo/ a revelation 9 hi/ory to walk r\nd x & foll[ out 9 detail ! memories ( ^? ^: hi/ory is p]sonally connect$ ) x1 _! names & arms all emblazon$ 9 ! /a9$ glass :i* fills ! lights on ei!r side4 ,local feel+ has be5 j rec5tly some:at deeply /irr$ by ! removal )9 ! ,hall ( ,gilb]t's well-kn[n bronze /atue ( ,que5 ,victoria1 =m]ly plac$ 9 ! ,abbey gr\nds--a removal :i* has evok$ a v un=tunate controv]sy1 & z to ! wisdom ( :i* consid]able cleavage ( op9ion exi/s4 ,b :atev] view be tak5 ( ?is1 z to ! impressiv5ess ( ! great ,hall1 )9 & )\t1 or ! /ory x has to tell1 no two op9ions c be held4 ,! gr& int]ior ) its spl5did columns speaks ( great assemblies )9 its walls2 ( ,p>liam5ts su* z ! "o held "h z e>ly z #abfe1 )9 a ye> ( ! dea? ( ! great ,de ,mont=t1 ! #8inv5tor1' s to speak1 ( ! repres5tative assembly2 ( ,/ate c]emonial displays su* z :5 ,h5ry ,v4 receiv$ ! ,fr5* ambassadors "h1 a few days only be=e ! ,ag9c\rt exp$ition sail$--z :5 ,h5ry ,,vii4 celebrat$ ! bir? ( 8 fir/-born1 ,ar?ur ( ,w9*e/]1 ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 & z :5 ,h5ry ,,viii4 receiv$ & ft$ ! great ,emp]or ,*>les ,v41 ! ,*>lemagne ( 8 day2 ( ,/ate ,trials su* z t :i* unju/ly condemn$ ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh2 ( ! ,bloody ,assize & ! horror ( ! judicial murd] ( ,dame ,alicia ,lisle2 :ile ! mo/ *>act]i/ic t\* p]haps ( all is giv5 by ! qua9t relic hang+ on ! we/]n wall1 ! s-call$ ,k+ ,ar?ur's ,r\nd ,table4 ,a curi\s relic inde$ ?is latt]1 & an anci5t "o1 possibly #gjj ye>s old4 ,we %all h>dly accept x1 z ,h5ry ,,viii4 & 8 royal ,spani% gue/ did1 z ! actual table at :i* ,k+ ,ar?ur & 8 knights us$ to seat !mselves1 ev5 ?\gh we may read _! names--,sir ,launcelot1 ,sir ,galahallt1 ,sir ,b$iv]e1 ,sir ,kay--inscrib$ ^u its m>g94 ,r does x recall to u ^? qua9tly attractive1 uncritical m$iaeval days1 :5 hi/orical p]spective 0 unkn[n1 t glori\s age :5 8,once ^u a "t0 almo/ satisfi$ ! ye>n+s ( ! hi/orical in/9ct4 ,yet "o may "q :e!r we are really bett] (f1 because = u ,k+ ,ar?ur's ,r\nd ,table has no exi/5ce & ,ar?ur himself is lo/ 9 ! /range backgr\nd ( ,mov+ faces & ( wav+ h&s1 t weird labyr9? :]e hi/ory & leg5d1 my? & romance1 are s /rangely & inextricably int]wov52 & "o turns away baffl$ & reluctant f _m & _m an old-_w /ory1 & _m & _m an old-_w relic su* z ?is1 ) ! s5se ( some?+ l a lo/ inh]itance4 ,s sad1 s fre%1 ! days t are no m4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 little real excuse = ^! unavail+ regrets 9 ,w9*e/]1 = %e above all places has /ore ( real hi/ory--& su* hi/ory1 too--en\gh & to sp>e4 ,"h1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,we/ ,gate adjo9+ ! ,ca/le ,hall1 & 9 ! ,obelisk j beyond ! circuit ( ! old walls1 ?is vividness ( hi/ory meets u aga94 ,=m]ly ! ,we/ ,gate 0 a blockh\se z mu* z a gate4 ,y c /ill see :]e ! portcullis work$ up & d[n1 & look d[n f ! battlem5ts ( ! ro( ?r\gh ! ma*icolat$ op5+s :i* enabl$ def5d]s to meet assailants ) molt5 lead & k9dr$ complim5ts4 ,lat] on x 0 a prison4 ,on ! walls ( ! spl5did old *amb] above ! gateway we c see elaborate designs c>v$ out by "o poor prison] aft] ano!r1 to :ile away ! t$ium & to help him to =get ! mis]ies ( 8 imprisonm5t4 ,n[ ! ,we/ ,gate is a museum ) a collection ( r>e local int]e/3 e>ly weights & measures ( ! days :5 ,w9*e/] c\ld /ill impose its /&>ds ^u o!rs1 weapons & arm\r1 ! gibbet ( ! execution]1 & ! axe ( ! headsman4 ,b /rong = def5ce z ! ,we/ ,gate & city wall 71 ! ,obelisk beyond recalls to u "o foe :om no b> c\ld exclude1 no bolt re/ra92 = ?\gh 9 #afff ,w9*e/] 0 /raitly %ut up l ,j]i*o ( old1 & none w5t out & none came 91 t grim & rel5tless assailant1 ! ,plague1 pass$ all b>ri]s un*all5g$1 & ,w9*e/] became z a city ( ! dead4 ,!n--= none d>$ approa*--! c\ntry p held _! m>ket )\t & *aff]$ = _! w>es at safe di/ance ) ! m5 ^u ! wall1 & ! ,obelisk1 erect$ 9 #agei1 s]ves to commemorate ! spot :]e m>ket+ 0 done = ,w9*e/] citiz5s "u su* tragic conditions4 ,happily1 plague has disappe>$ f our mid/ = "s #bej ye>s4 ,9 m$iaeval days1 "r on inde$ f #acdh1 ! ye> ( ! ,black ,dea?1 plague 0 all too common a visitant4 ,! si/] societies ( ,natives & ,ali5s /ill survive 9 ,w9*e/]1 to c>ry on ! "w ( reliev+ wid[s & orphans1 fir/ begun :5 plague laid its h& s heavily on ! city 9 ! #8,annus ,mirabilis' & left s _m wid[s & orphans to relieve4 ,full ( int]e/ z ! ,we/ ,gate is1 x leaves a s5se ( regret beh9d :5 we rememb] t x is ! only "o rema9+ ( ! f\r pr9cipal gateways :i* ! city once possess$4 ,! artificial & curi\sly w>p$ ideas ( ta/e & s5tim5t :i* *>act]is$ ! mid-,georgian p]iod 7 responsible = a :olesale de/ruction ( ,old ,w9*e/] ar*itectural treasures4 ,?ree hi/oric gateways1 ! ru9s ( ,hyde ,abbey1 ! tomb ( ,alfr$ ! ,great1 ,bi%op ,morley's ,palace ( ,wolvesey1 all ^! & o!rs suff]$ de/ruction1 p>tial or complete4 ,! ,city ,cross itself 0 condemn$ to removal1 b popul> indignation1 ev] ready to express itself 9 ,w9*e/] z vigor\sly1 ev5 9 mod]n days1 z x 0 9 e>li] days ( ,saxon & ,dane1 :5 popul> clam\r r\nd ! hu/+s 0 ! due & only expression ( law1 ,illu/ration3 ,,hursley ,,vic>age ,hursley1 five miles f ,w9*e/]1 is ! c5tre ( #8,keblel&4' ,"h ,john ,keble 0 p>i% prie/ = ?irty-"o ye>s4 ,hursley ,*ur* 0 practically rebuilt f ! pr(its ( ! ,*ri/ian ,ye>1 & ,keble & 8 wife lie buri$ 9 ,hursley *ur*y>d close to ! por* on ! s\!rn side4 ,! village has memories ( ,ri*>d ,cromwell1 & !re is a f9e hi/orical monum5t to ! ,cromwell family 9 ! t[] ( ,hursley ,*ur*4 c\ld n be re/ra9$1 & ! ,city ,cross 0 left undi/urb$4 ,nor did ! ,we/ ,gate escape except by accid5t4 ,! great room ov] ! gateway 0 at t "t held z an annexe to a public-h\se adjo9+1 & s ! ,we/ ,gate 0 sp>$ m]ely 9 ord] t ,w9*e/] citiz5s might ! bett] enjoy _! #8cakes & ale4' ,hi/ory tea*es u to be grateful at times to /range b5efactors4 ,to _m1 ) ! pres5t tr5d ( social & political ?\ght1 ! s5tim5t ,das ,ga/haus als ,freund w come almo/ z a %ock1 yet "h 9 ,w9*e/] we are confront$ by ! curi\s p>adox1 t :ile wat] has sapp$ ! /ability ( ! ,ca!dral1 t ( ! ,we/ ,gate has be5 secur$ by be]4 ,municipal life 9 ,w9*e/] =ms ano!r *apt] full ( int]e/4 ,( h] e>ly #8gilds1' dat+ back p]haps to days be=e ,alfr$1 ( ! ,*epemanesela1 ! ,*5icte%alla1 ! ,hanta*5esla1 & o!r vaguely indicat$ c5tres ( civic organisation1 :]e1 9 ,h5ry ,i4's "t1 ! citiz5s 9 _! v>i\s grades assembl$ to #8dr9k _! gild1' we h already spok54 ,h] roll ( mayors claims to beg9 ) ,flor5ce de ,lunn 9 #aahd4 ,:atev] antiquity ! ,mayoralty c ju/ly claim--= ,flor5ce de ,lunn c h>dly be treat$ q s]i\sly--h] corporate hi/ory is full & v>i$4 ,! new ,guildhall 9 ! ,broadway1 "s ?irty ye>s old only1 :i* has replac$ ! old ,guildhall 9 ! ,high ,/reet1 possesses an int]e/+ collection ( civic portraits1 along ) corporation plate1 municipal ar*ives1 & mu* weal? ( hi/oric raw mat]ial4 ,! f9e/ ( ^! pictures1 ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii4's portrait1 pa9t$ by ,lely1 & pres5t$ by ! ,m]ry ,mon>* himself to ! city1 repres5ts1 p]haps1 ! only return ) :i* ! loyalty ( ! citiz5s t[>ds ! h\se ( ,/u>t 0 rew>d$4 ,!y l5t ,k+ ,*>les ,i4 #ajjj1 !y melt$ _! private plate1 valu$ at #cjj1 & _! city plate1 valu$ at #eh m1 to help to fill 8 empty c(f]s :5 ! ,civil ,w> 0 rag+4 ,old ,bi%op ,morley1 ^: memories c5tre close/ r\nd pres5t-day ,wolvesey & ,f>nham1 & ,bi%op ,hoadly ( ! ,que5 ,anne p]iod1 are among ! m int]e/+ ( ! p]sonalities ^: effigies are "h display$4 ,_m1 inde$1 are ! int]e/+ memories :i* ,w9*e/] pres]ves ( ! ,m]ry ,mon>* & 8 ,c\rt2 ( ,nell ,gwynn & ( ! valiant /& made aga9/ h] by ,preb5d>y ,k52 ( ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr5 & ! palace he comm5c$ to build = 8 royal ma/] on ! site ( ! ca/le raz$ by ,cromwell--a great & ambiti\s project nev] complet$1 b :i*1 "u ! "n ( ! ,k+'s ,h\se1 s]v$ = _m ye>s z ! milit>y headqu>t]s ( ! city till a great fire swept x away 9 #ahid1 to make room = ! pres5t b>racks1 erect$1 soon aft]w>ds1 on v ne>ly ! same site4 ,ano!r int]e/+ ,guildhall portrait is t ( ,edw>d ,cole1 ,mayor 9 #aeig1 a patriotic citiz5 :o himself subscrib$ #ej--;a l>ge sum = "o man 9 ^? days--t[>ds ! ,que5's w> fund 9 days ( ! ,armada1 & a #8gub]nator' "s ye>s lat] ( ,*ri/es ,hospitall1 ,w9*e/]1 f\nd$1 by ,pet] ,symonds1 9 #afjg alike = ! ma9t5ance ( ! ag$ & ! education ( ! "y--a f\ndation possess+ a delightful old ,jacobean build+1 j beyond ! ,close wall1 out ( :i* has gr[n1 almo/ )9 ! la/ decade1 on a wide & op5 site on ! outskirts ( ! city1 a rapidly develop+ s*ool ( mod]n type1 :]e ! #8*ildr5' ( ,pet] ,symonds1 9 l>gely increas$ numb]s1 receive a f> wid] education ?an 0 possible :5 he fir/ call$ !m into exi/5ce4 ,8 w is a curi\s & *>act]i/ic docum5t4 ,x occupi$ an enorm\s numb] ( folios4 ,blue ,coat s*oolboys1 practically until ! removal ( ! s*ool to ,hor%am1 %[$ respect to 8 memory by "s sixty ( _! numb] att5d+ a special ,good ,friday ,s]vice at ! *ur* ( ,all ,hall[s1 ,lomb>d ,/reet1 at :i* sixp5ces & rais9s 7 di/ribut$1 9 accordance ) 8 w2 & 8 ,w9*e/] s*ol>s & ,bre?r5 keep 8 memory by an annual procession to s]vice at ! ,ca!dral on ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day1 ) a special s]mon & qua9t c]emonial obs]vance4 ,su* are "s ( ! matt]s ( int]e/1 small & great1 :i* meet y :]ev] y turn 9 ,w9*e/]--ev]y:]e !re is "s g5ius loci1 "s cricket in/all$1 & *irp+ on ! he>?4 ,"h x is a qua9t tav]n-sign su* z y c read on ! outskirts4 ,z y leave ! city y read ! leg5d 8,la/ ,out10 z y approa* f )\t y read 8,fir/ ,940 ,or x is a "n ( "s /reet--,jewry ,/reet1 = in/ance1 recall+ ! times :51 z already n>rat$1 ! ,jews =m$ a p[]ful elem5t 9 ! comm]cial prosp]ity ( ! city1 & _h a ,ghetto "h--or ,/aple ,g>d51 rem9isc5t ( ! great ,wool ,hall1 :]e ! #8,tron' or weigh+-ma*9e ( ! ,wool ,/aple 0 kept1 :5 ,w9*e/] 0 ! m>t :]e ! wool trade ( ! s\? ( ,engl& c5tr$4 ,& "h & !re are d>k] & m sombre recollections1 su* z ! tablet outside ! ,city ,museum s]ves to rem9d u ( ! mov+ trag$y ( ! execution ( ,dame ,alicia ,lisle 9 ,septemb] #afhe1 on a spot 9 ! op5 roadway1 9 front ( :at !n 0 ! ,m>ket ,h\se4 ,!n1 too1 !re are glori\s old h\ses1 ,tudor & m$iaeval1 l ,god ,begot ,h\se & ! s-call$ ,*eesehill ,old ,rectory1 & ! delightful h\ses erect$ by ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr5 himself--^? inhabit$ n[ by ,dr4 ,engl& & ,capta9 ,craw=d 9 ,s\?gate ,/reet = in/ance1 & ! h\se 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s ,/reet erect$ = ! ,du*ess ( ,portsm\?1 ( unpleasant memory4 ,^! are m]ely r&om examples ( ! k9d ( int]e/ :i* ,w9*e/] pres5ts to ^? :o w&] ?r\gh h] /reets ) eyes to see & e>s to he>4 ,= ! casual visitor ,w9*e/] has mu* to (f]2 = ! /ud5t ( hi/ory %e has m2 b h] weal? ( treasure c only be appreh5d$ adequately by ^? :o are privileg$ to dwell )9 h] *>m$ circle1 = h] h>ve/ ( attraction is too wide to be g>n]$ save by ^? :o br+ ext5d$ opportunity z well z love & rev]5ce to ! task4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,w9*e/] ,,9 ,,lit]ature ,& z imag9ation bodies =? ,! =ms ( ?+s unkn[n1 ! poet's eye ,clo!s !m ) %apes1 & gives to airy no?+ ,a local habitation & a "n4 ,x is always a pleas+ occupation to foll[ out ! associations ( human fancy :i* (t5 inve/ p]sons & places ) an int]e/1 & inde$ a romantic *>m1 to :i* ! cold-ey$ hi/orian or dryasdu/ critic is entirely unresponsive1 & if ,w9*e/] z x fir/ appe>$ to u1 z we look$ d[n f ! br[ ( ,/4 ,giles's ,hill1 seem$ to ?rob ) ! life & int]e/ ( a dep>t$ age1 & ( hi/orical p]sonages long s9ce pass$ away1 s too we %all f9d t x possesses associations ( ! purely lit]>y type1 n inde$ fit to *all5ge comp>ison ) ! glori\s pageantry ( its hi/oric pa/ :i* we h attempt$1 all too inadequately1 to pres5t ^u our /age1 b n unwor?y to be *ronicl$ & to be includ$ 9 h] volume ( romance & recollection4 ,h] po9ts ( contact ) lit]ature h be5 _m1 & yet x w\ld be wrong to describe h] z a lit]>y city4 ,no poet ( note1 no great writ]1 has1 9 rec5t days at all ev5ts1 claim$ h] z p>5t2 h] acqua9tance has be5 r ) lit]>y p]sons ?an ) lit]ature itself1 = ?\gh %e has attract$ _m to make h] 9 "s =m or o!r _! !me1 b little ( real weight 9 any b anci5t lit]ature has fir/ se5 ! light b5ea? h] auspices4 ,= all ?is %e has1 9 lit]ature z 9 life1 h] /ory to tell1 & t an anci5t "o4 ,! fir/ lit]>y associations ( ,w9*e/] are1 z is b natural1 hi/orical ones1 & ! fir/ m5tion ( h] 9 lit]ature is f\nd 9 ,b$e1 :o records = u1 among o!r scanty details1 h] "n1 #8,v5ta1 quae a g5te ,saxonum ,v5tancea/ir appellatur'2 %e next appe>s 9 a full flood ( glory1 ! seat ( ! le>n$ & lit]>y c\rt ( ,alfr$1 f :i* he gave ! _w ! treasures ( 8 lit]>y ef=ts--! ,consolations ( ,bo?ius1 ,gregory's ,pa/oral ,c>e1 ,orosius1 & ,b$e's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 all r5d]$ into ! v]nacul>1 & m important f> ?an all ( ^!1 ! great !saurus ( e>ly national hi/ory1 ! ,engli% ,*ronicle1 ! hi/ory ( :i* we h already relat$1 & f :i* we h quot$ s con/antly 9 our e>li] *apt]s1 to be foll[$ by ! equally mom5t\s ,domesday ,book--curi\s z x may seem to include ?is among lit]>y productions4 ,foll[+ f ?is we h a wide & almo/ bewild]+ s]ies ( *ronicl]s1 hi/orians1 & annali/s1 "s ( :om1 l ,william ( ,malmesbury1 ,h5ry ,knighton1 & ,mat!w ,p>is1 record details ( h] c>e] incid5tally z g5]al items 9 ! hi/ory ( ! l&1 :ile o!rs1 l ,prec5tor ,wulf/an & ! annali/s ( ,eald5 ,myn/re & ,newan ,myn/re1 lab\r$ at ,w9*e/] 9 _! respective scriptoria1 produc+ n m]ely wond]ful works l ! ,b5$ictional ( ,/4 !lwold & ! ,gold5 ,book ( ,edg>1 b local hi/ories 9 goodly /ore1 ! ,hyde ,lib] ,vitae & ,lib] de ,hyda1 & ! lat] monki% annals ( ,plantag5et days--,rudborne's ,major ,hi/oria ,w9toniae1 ! anonym\sly writt5 ,annales de ,w9tonia1 & o!rs4 ,prom95t among ^! v>i\s *ronicl]s 0 ,ge(frey ( ,monm\?1 :o1 romanci/ & fabricator z he 01 has yet r5d]$ valuable s]vice by pres]v+ ! ,briti% leg5ds z !y surviv$ among ! ,bry?onic folk1 & has giv5 u--& let u be duly grateful--! ,ar?urian leg5d 9 all its sugge/ive elusiv5ess & my/]y1 c5tr+ r\nd ,w9*e/] & ,sil*e/]1 ) ,ar?ur ! ,*ri/ian ,k+1 ,m]l9 ! ,mage1 ,dubric ! ,high ,sa9t1 & _m ano!r--a leg5d :i* pass$ ?r\gh _m languages & _m l&s1 ga!r+ /ore ( add$ m>vels on ! way1 ! cu/om>y gu]don ( su* lit]>y w&]+s1 to reappe> 9 /range unwont$ guises1 z 9 ,layamond's ,brut & ! ,morte d',ar?ur ( ,malorie4 ,& ! leg5d>y lore ( ,w9*e/] is f> f be+ h] lea/ attractive lit]>y asset3 we h dealt ) ?is subject fairly fully already--"s may p]haps deem too fully1--yet is n leg5d b ! alt] ego ( hi/ory1 & are n my? & leg5d1 sob] fact & imag9ative creation1 aft] all m]ely ! multicol\r$ /rata 9 ! complete ra9b[ ( pres5tm5t ( vital tru?1 pass+ & repass+ ea* into o!r by nice gradation & imp]ceptible advance8 ,b all ^! are b prehi/oric z x 71 :5 ,engli% z a language 0 n1 & mona/ic ,lat9 & ,anglo-,saxon ! muddy m$ia ( lit]>y communication4 ,! ,w9*e/] /ream 9 ,engli% lit]ature beg9s to fl[ at fir/ ) feeble curr5t--a di/i* or s ( unc\? v]se1 or a casual ref]5ce1 z 9 ,pi]s ,pl[man1 ,lel&1 ,camd51 or else:]e4 ,drayton1 9 8 ,polyolbion1 has "s tw5ty l9es or s on ! ,it*51 ref]r+ to ! ,r\nd ,table ( ,ar?ur at ,w9*e/]1 & ! t[ns on h] c\rse1 speak+ ( 444 t wondr\s ,pond :5ce %e d]ives h] head1 ,& places by ! way1 by :i* %ee's hon\r$1 7,old ,w9*e/]1 t /&s ne]e 9 h] middle way1 ,& ,hampton1 at h] fall1 into ! ,sol5t ,sea71 & ,k5 & ,walton1 9 lat] ,/u>t days1 come ^u ! sc5e4 ,k5 is a real ,w9*e/] possession--educat$ at ,w9*e/] ,college1 & lat] on1 ,preb5d>y ( ! ,ca!dral1 he wrote 8 well-kn[n & /ill widely-us$ ,manual ( ,pray] = ! use ( ! s*ol>s ( ,w9*e/] ,college1 & 8 ,morn+ & ,ev5+ ,hymns brea! ! same _s ( ! inn] religi\s life aft]w>ds s beautifully reflect$ 9 ,keble's ,*ri/ian ,ye>4 ,8 pref]m5t to ! see ( ,ba? & ,illu/ration3 ,,w9*e/] ,,f ,,/4 ,,giles',s ,,hill ,f ,/4 ,giles's ,hill1 :]e 9 m$iaeval days ! _w-fam\s ,fair ( ,/4 ,egidius or ,/4 ,giles 0 held1 an unequall$ view ( ,w9*e/] city c be obta9$4 ,! ,ca!dral1 ,wolvesey1 ! ,college1 ! ,guildhall1 ! ,high ,/reet1 ! ,alfr$ ,/atue1 ! ,old ,guildhall1 ! ,we/gate1 c all be se54 ,! d>k clump ( trees on ! sky-l9e is ! s-call$ ,oliv]'s ,batt]y4 ,wells arose too out ( 8 /urdy refusal to c\nt5ance ! ,m]ry ,mon>*'s irregul> life1 = he refus$ to let ,mi/ress ,eleanor ,gwynne h ! use ( 8 h\se to lodge 91 a refusal :i* ang]$ ! k+ at ! "t1 b conciliat$ 8 respect1 = on ! bi%opric fall+ vacant he decl>$ t none %\ld h x b ! 8good little man :o refus$ 8 lodg+ to poor ,nelly40 ,izaak ,walton1 ,k5's relative1 made ,w9*e/] 8 resid5ce dur+ ! clos+ ye>s ( 8 long life--a man ( culture & "s lit]>y pret5sion1 ap>t altoge!r f 8 immortal ,compleat ,angl]1 = 8 lives ( ,donne & ,h]b]t atta9$ to "s celebrity2 tradition connects a c]ta9 summ]-h\se by ! /ream 9 ! ,dean]y g>d5 ) him & 8 fi%+1 & 9 sev]al places 9 8 ,compleat ,angl] he makes allusion to our ,w9*e/] /reams1 %[+ t he _h (ttimes bait$ 8 angle by "o or o!r ( its wat]s4 ,peace to 8 s\l--he re/s 9 ! ,ca!dral1 9 ,silk/$e's ,*apel1 & ! v]ses ov] 8 tomb1 ?\gh devoid ( all lit]>y m]it1 are said to h be5 writt5 by ,k5 8 k9sman4 ,our next possession is a great] "n--& t1 moreov]1 a ,hamp%ire1 ?\gh n 9 any real s5se a ,w9*e/] "o--! ,hamp%ire noveli/1 ! mo/ *>m+ & natural ( wom5 writ]s1 ,jane ,au/54 ,"h 9 ! e>ly days ( #ahag1 :5 a deadly & insidi\s malady _h attack$ h]1 %e came ) h] si/] ,cass&ra to lodge 9 a h\se 9 ,college ,/reet1 occupi$ !n by a ,mrs4 ,david1 9 ! va9 hope t ,w9*e/] m$ical skill might re/ore h] /r5g?4 ,! foll[+ lett] f h] p51#c writt5 at ?is p]iod1 reveals ! *>act]i/ic espigl]ie ( ! writ]1 :i* n ev5 advanc+ weakness c\ld dis>m or subdue4 ,,mrs4 ,,david',s1 ,,college ,,/reet1 ,,w9ton1 ,tuesday1 ,may #bg?4 ,!re is no bett] way1 my de>e/ ,e41 ( ?ank+ y = y\r affectionate conc]n = me dur+ my illness ?an by tell+ y myself1 z soon z possible1 t ,i cont9ue to get bett]4 ,i w n boa/ ( my h&writ+--nei!r t nor my face h yet recov]$ _! prop] beauty2 b 9 o!r respects ,i ga9 /r5g? v fa/2 am n[ out ( b$ f #i 9 ! morn+ to #aj at night2 ^u ! s(a1 x is true1 b ,i eat my meals ) ,aunt ,cass&ra 9 a rational way1 & c employ myself1 & walk f "o room to ano!r4 ,mr4 ,ly=d says he w cure me1 & if he fails ,i %all draw up a memorial & lay x be=e ! ,dean & ,*apt]1 & h no d\bt ( r$ress f t pi\s1 le>n$1 & dis9t]e/$ body4 ,our lodg+s are v com=table4 ,we h a neat little draw+-room ) a b[ w9d[1 ov]look+ ,dr4 ,gabell's g>d54444 ,on ,?ursday1 :i* is a confirmation & a holiday1 we are to get ,*>les a relative--!n a boy at ! ,college out to breakfa/4 ,we h _h b "o visit f him1 poor fell[1 z he is 9 sick-room1 b he hopes to be out to-night4444 ,god bless y1 my de> ,e4 ,if ev] y are ill1 may y be z t5d]ly nurs$ z ,i h be54 ,may ! same bless$ alleviations ( anxi\s1 sympa?is+ fri5ds be y\rs2 & may y possess1 z ,i d>e say y w1 ! greate/ bless+ ( all1 9 ! consci\sness ( n be+ unwor?y ( _! love4 ,i c\ld n feel ?is4--,y\r v affectionate aunt1 ,j4 ,a4 ,poor ,jane ,au/51 ! rally 0 b a mom5t>y "o1 & an untimely dea? cut %ort h] c>e] j z %e 0 develop+ to h] be/ "w4 ,%e is buri$ 9 ! ,ca!dral1 :]e1 curi\sly1 ! flat /one slab ov] h] body speaks eloqu5tly ( h] b5evol5ce ( he>t1 sweetness ( temp]1 & ,*ri/ian pati5ce & hope1 b n "o ^w ( h] lit]>y skill or claims z an au?oress--! only ref]5ce to ^! is 9 ! indirect phrase 8! extraord9>y end[m5ts ( h] m9d40 ,s little 0 h] "r place 9 lit]ature !n realiz$1 t "s among h] fri5ds saw h] appe>ance z a noveli/ r ) conc]n ?an ) approval1 & h] lit]>y v5tures 7 ev5 ref]r$ to apologetically4 ,po/]ity has amply aton$ = ?is neglect3 ! ,ca!dral possesses two memorials ( h]--a brass & a /a9$-glass w9d[2 & %e has long s9ce be5 admitt$ to ! high measure ( appreciation to :i* h] naturalness & s9c]ity ju/ly entitle h]4 ,! ,dr4 ,gabell ref]r$ to 9 ! lett] 01 ( c\rse1 ! well-kn[n ,dr4 ,gabell1 headma/] ( ! ,college1 m5tion$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 a *>act]i/ic figure fam\s 9 8 day1 a picture ( :om1 _h %e be5 sp>$1 %e might p]haps h left u1 limn$ 9 h] own n]v\s & inimitable mann]2 b1 alas6 x 0 n to be4 ,=tunately ! h\se %e occupi$ is kn[n1 & a commemorative tablet1 plac$ ov] ! door1 records appropriately h] soj\rn !re & h] untimely dea?4 ,foll[+ close ^u ,jane ,au/5 came ano!r1 ) a "n ev] to be hon\r$ 9 song--a summ] migrant m]ely1 x is true1 or r an autumn "o1--^: light 0 de/9$ to be %ortly aft]w>ds sudd5ly ext+ui%$ also4 ,john ,keats1 ! poet1 :o came "h 9 ,augu/ #ahai f ,%ankl91 :]e 8,keats's ,gre50 pres]ves 8 memory1 = a visit ( "s two mon?s' duration--8! la/ good days ( 8 life40 ,sev]al consid]ations dictat$ 8 visit to ,w9*e/]1 among o!rs1 ! desire to h access to a good libr>y1 a desire de/9$1 q unacc\ntably1 to disappo9tm5t4 ,8 lett]s writt5 f ,w9*e/] are full & *>m+ lit]>y productions3 he describes ! #8maid5-ladylike g5tility' ( h] /reets2 ! door-/eps always #8fre% f ! flannel'--! knock]s ) a /aid1 s]i\s1 & almo/ awful quietness ab\t !m2 ! ,high ,/reet z quiet z a lamb1 ! door-knock]s #8diet$ to ?ree raps p] diem'2--9 su* happy1 delicate phrases he hits (f ! ,w9*e/] ( ! day4 ,( ! place itself he gives u int]e/+ t\*es3 ! air on "o ( its d[ns is #8wor? sixp5ce a p9t'2 ! beautiful /reams full ( tr\t delight him2 ! ,ca!dral1 f\rte5 c5turies old1 en*ants 8 imag9ation2 :ile ! f\ndation ( ,/4 ,cross he f9ds to be greatly abus$4 ,:]e he lodg$ we "k n1 de>ly z we %\ld l to--we c only =m su* conclusions z ! foll[+ clues#d po9t to3 ,i take a walk e day = an h\r be=e d9n]1 & ?is is g5]ally my walk4 ,i g out ! back gate across "o /reet into ! ,ca!dral y>d1 :i* is always int]e/+2 !re ,i pass "u ! trees along a pav$ pa?1 pass ! beautiful front ( ! ,ca!dral1 turn to ! left "u a /one doorway--!n ,i am on ! o!r side ( ! build+1 :i* leav+ beh9d me1 ,i pass on ?r\gh two ,college-l squ>es1 seem+ly built = ! dwell+-place ( ,deacons & ,preb5d>ies1 furni%$ ) grass & %ad$ ) trees2 !n ,i pass ?r\gh "o ( ! old city gates & !n y are 9 "o ,college ,/reet1 ?r\gh :i* ,i pass1 & at ! end !re( cross+ "s mead[s1 & at la/ a c\ntry alley ( g>d5s1 ,i arrive at ! f\ndation ( ,/4 ,cross1 :i* is a v int]e/+ old place1 bo? = its ,go?ic t[] & ,alms squ>e & also = ! appropriation ( its ri* r5ts to a relation ( ! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]4 ,!n ,i pass ov] ,/4 ,cross mead[s till y come to ! mo/ beautifully cle> riv]4 ,n[ ?is is only "o mile ( my walk4#e ,ano!r clue1 :i* locates ! h\se v close to ! ,high ,/reet1 if n 9 x1 is giv5 by ! foll[+3 ,we he>d di/9ctly a noise patt+ d[n ! ,high ,/reet z ( a walk+ cane ( ! good old ,d[ag] bre$1 & a little m9ute aft] we he>d a less voice obs]ve1 8,:at a noise ! f]ril made--x mu/ be loose40#f ,w9*e/] /reets are less /aid & g5teel n[1 & ! ,high ,/reet w\ld h>dly e*o responsive to su* repress$ s\nds to-day4 ,two mon?s only ! visit la/$1 mon?s ( t5se compression & ri* utt]ance ( song4 ,hyp]ion 7:i* he nev] f9i%$71 ,lamia1 ,! ,eve ( ,/4 ,agnes1 ,la ,belle ,dame sans ,m]ci--all ^! 9 "o =m or o!r came "u 8 p5 = completion or revision1 :ile 8 ,ode to ,autumn1 ! mo/ p]fect ( all 8 odes1 0 :olly a ,w9*e/] production inspir$ by 8 circum/ances & surr\nd+s4 ,! ,g]man poet might almo/ h _h ,keats prophetically be=e him :5 he sang3 ,s+/ du ni*t de9 ganzes ,leb51 ,s+ do* 9 d] ,jug5d ,drang6 ,nur im ,bl!nmond erheb5 ,na*tigall5 ihr5 ,sang4 ,e'en ?\gh aft] ye>s be sil5t1 ,s+ :ile y\?ful passions ?rong1 ,only 9 ! f]vid spr+-"t ,night+ales p\r =? _! song4 ,b no aft] ye>s1 alas6 7 to succe$1 & ,keats's f]vid #8,bl!nmond' 0 all 8 allott$ span4 ,w9*e/] is happy 9 ! memory ( 8 ev5tful connection ) h]1 brief 9 "t ?\gh x 04 ,our next "n is ,?ack]ay1 :o seems to h lov$ to locate 8 sc5es 9 our city & neighb\rhood1 ?\gh 9 g5]al 8 ref]5ces h too little local col\r to p]mit ( id5tification--assum+1 t is1 t any su* local image 0 really int5d$4 ,vanity ,fair & ,esmond are full ( local allusions2 ,sir ,pitt ,crawley1 = in/ance1 w\ld appe> to d]ive 8 names f ,pitt & ,crawley1 two villages close to ,w9*e/]2 & 9 ,esmond1 ,hamp%ire allusions1 tantalis+ly veil$1 x is true1 seem to meet & to baffle y ev]y:]e4 ,x seems impossible to avoid id5tify+ ,ca/lewood1 ) its ru9$ h\se batt]$ d[n by ,cromwell1 & ! ,bell ,inn ) ,bas+ ,h\se & ,bas+/oke2 & :ile ,alton1 ,alres=d1 & ,crawley are all m5tion$1 x is r\nd ,w9*e/] t int]e/ c5tres & p]plexes mo/4 ,:]e else 9 lit]ature is a sc5e s inimitably conjur$ up & told s *>m+ly & ) su* re/ra9t1 :]e else is ! real ,?ack]ay s fully reveal$1 z :5 ,esmond rides on f ,walcote to ! #8,george' at ,w9*e/] on ! fateful #bi? ,decemb]1 & walk$ /raight to ! ,ca!dral4 ,! organ 0 play+1 ! w9t]'s day 0 already gr[+ grey1 z he pass$ "u ! /reet ar* into ! ,ca!dral y>d & made 8 way into ! anci5t solemn edifice4 ,wond]ful is ! *apt] t foll[s--:5 ,esmond & 8 #8mi/ress1' reconcil$ once m1 fir/ become mutually consci\s ( _! love1 & ! words ( ! an!m1 8,he t goe? =? & weepe? %all d\btless come aga9 ) rejoic+1 br++ 8 %eaves ) him10 f9d _! joy\s refra9 9 ! lov+ words !y ex*ange4 ,b :]e is ,walcote8 ,conjecture w\ld almo/ naturally settle on ,la9/on ,h\se1 "s ?ree miles away1 ! memories ( :i*1 9 ! p]son ( ! notori\s ,du*ess ( ,k+/on1 d\btless sugge/$ ! "* ( ,beatrix ! incomp>able1 ! break] ( he>ts1 ! wilful & selfi% beauty1 did n di/ance put ?is out ( "q4 ,prior's ,b>ton ,h\se1 at ,/4 ,cross1 w\ld fit u bett]4 ,b ! problem is a baffl+ "o1 if inde$ x has any solution at all4 ,( a diff]5t k9d are ! memories :i* l+] r\nd ! imm$iate neighb\rhood--! villages ( ,twy=d1 ,ott]b\rne1 ,hursley4 ,at ,twy=d ! poet ,pope 0 s5t to s*ool1 & 9 a h\se close by ! great ,dr4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 compos$ 8 autobiography2 ,ott]b\rne 0 ! bir?place & lifelong home ( ,*>lotte ,yonge1 ! high-m9d$ & accompli%$1 ^: books w always be a /&>d = :at is highe/ & mo/ womanly 9 fiction--:o lov$ to weave ! details ( local association ) ! /ories %e told s skilfully & well2 & on a high] level /ill we h at ,hursley ! memories ( ,keble & ! ,*ri/ian ,ye>1--n t ,keble wrote ! ,*ri/ian ,ye> at ,hursley1 ?\gh 8 connection ) ! place z curate comm5c$ be=e x 0 complet$1 b 8 life-"w 0 9 reality "h4 ,hursley ,*ur*1 practically rebuilt by him f ! pr(its ( ! sale ( 8 ,*ri/ian ,ye>1 is 8 true/ memorial1 & ! beautiful *ur* & peaceful *ur*y>d1 :]e he sleeps 8 la/ e>?ly sleep1 w be ev] a spot ( hall[$ association & pilgrimage4 ,w9*e/] may be pr\d ( its hymn-writ]s3 ,k5 & ,keble 7 two1 & a ?ird less well kn[n1 b c]ta9ly des]v+ to be hon\r$1 0 ,william ,:it+1 ma/] ( ! ,college ,*oir ,s*ool "s two g5]ations or s back1 ^: beautiful hymn1 8,et]nal ,fa!r1 /rong to save10 w ev] hold a high place 9 ! affections ( *ur*-go+ p4 ,foll[+ on ^! memories we h a ho/ ( ref]5ces 9 mod]n fiction :i* c5tre m or less def9itely r\nd ! neighb\rhood4 ,trollope's ,b>*e/] has be5 conjecturally id5tifi$ ) ,w9*e/]1 & !re is a wond]fully m9ute & circum/antial correspond5ce 9 ,! ,w>d5 betwe5 ! details ( ,hiram's ,hospital & ,/4 ,cross4 ,miss ,braddon takes u to ,w9*e/] inde$1 b gives u little1 if any1 actual picture ( ! city4 ,! immortal ,%]lock ,holmes hon\r$ x also ) a visit 9 ! ,adv5ture ( ! ,copp] ,bee*es1 keep+ an appo9tm5t at ! #8,black ,swan1' 8an inn ( repute 9 ! ,high ,/reet10 & ! ,ca!dral & ,close seem to be sugge/$ 9 ! ,sil5ce ( ,dean ,maitl&4 ,allusions direct1 & :at seem allusions b>ely veil$1 are frequ5t1 b none c vie 9 tragic int]e/ & solemn fai?fulness ) ! la/ awful sc5e 9 ,h>dy's ,tess ( ! ,d',urb]villes--:5 ,angel ,cl>e & ,liza1 h] husb& & si/]1 are await+ ! mom5t ( poor ,tess's execution3-- ,:5 !y _h rea*$ ! top ( ! ,we/ ,hill ! clocks 9 ! t[n /ruck eight4 ,ea* gave a />t at ! notes1 & walk+ onw>ds yet a few /eps !y rea*$ ! fir/ mile/one 444 & wait$ 9 p>alys$ susp5se beside ! /one4 ,! prospect f ! summit 0 almo/ unlimit$4 ,9 ! valley b5ea?1 ! city !y _h j left1 its m prom95t build+s %[+ z 9 an isometric draw+--among !m ! broad ,ca!dral t[]1 ) its ,norman w9d[s & imm5se l5g? ( aisle & nave2 ! spires ( ,/4 ,?omas's2 ! p9nacl$ t[] ( ! ,college2 & m to ! "r ! t[] & gables ( ! anci5t hospice1 :]e to ?is day ! pilgrim may receive 8 dole ( bread & ale4444 ,aga9/ ^! f> /ret*es ( c\ntry rose1 9 front ( ! o!r city edifices1 a l>ge r$ brick build+ ) level grey ro(1 & r[s ( %ort b>r$ w9d[s speak+ captivity1 ! :ole contra/+ greatly by its =malism ) ! qua9t irregul>ities ( ! ,go?ic erections4444 ,f ! middle ( ! build+ an ugly flat-topp$ octagonal t[] asc5d$ aga9/ ! ea/ horizon1 & view$ f ?is spot1 on its %ady side & aga9/ ! light1 seem$ ! "o blot on ! city's beauty4 ,yet x 0 ) ?is blot & n ) ! beauty t ! two gaz]s 7 conc]n$4 ,^u ! cornice ( ! t[] a tall /aff 0 fix$4 ,_! eyes 7 rivet$ on x4 ,a few m9utes aft] ! h\r _h /ruck1 some?+ mov$ sl[ly up ! /aff & ext5d$ itself ^u ! breeze4 ,x 0 a black flag4#g ,poor ,tess6 0 x necess>y = ! au?or to mete out measure ?us cruelly ^u ! *ildr5 ( 8 imag9ation--0 x k9d to ,w9*e/] to burd5 h] memories ) "o s appall+ly h>r[+1 s mu* 9 contra/ ) h] quiet peace8 ,& yet1 aft] all1 is x any?+ m ?an retributive ju/ice8 ,h n h] citiz5s--^? ( a g5]ation or s back1 at lea/--be5 responsible = p]mitt+ ! "o really comm&+ elevation & l&m>k %e possesses to be m>r$ & di%on\r$ by ?is same #8blot1' ^! obtrusive prison-walls1 capp$ by ?is self-same #8ugly flat-topp$ octagonal t[]'8 ,is n r ! creator ( ,tess display+ a f9e & j critical p]ception 9 ?us exact+ f !m ! full lit]>y p5alty = s unp>donable an outrage on ! outw>d attractiv5ess ( _! own fair city8 ,su* are "s ( ! phantoms :i* pursue or elude u z we pass to & fro ?r\gh ! circle ( ,w9*e/] & its surr\nd+s--yet are !y actual phantoms8 ,h n ^! seem+ly impalpable no?+s z complete an id5tity z ! memories & records ( ! actual happ5+s ( ! pa/8 ,! writ] well recollects1 aft] hunt+ ?r\gh ,salisbury & explor+ its treasures ( ar*itecture & int]e/1 ! delight ) :i* he came ^u ! old ,ca!dral organ1 n[ = "s ye>s pa/ remov$ f ! ,ca!dral to "o ( ! city *ur*es1 & recogniz$ 9 x a real bond ( relation%ip--n because x 0 orig9ally ! gift ( ,george ,,iii41 ?\gh t inde$ 0 ! case1 b because x 0 ! organ on :i* ,dick5s's ,tom ,p9* _h play$ :5 ! ,ca!dral s]vice 0 ov]1 & 8 fri5d ! organi/'s assi/ant _h p]mitt$ him to t\* ! keys4 ,n a great circum/ance1 nor a great "*--f> f x1--b suffici5t to supply ! "o t\* ( human sympa?y by :i* s\l recognizes s\l1 & :i* b9ds all--pa/ & pres5t1 /ud5t & subject1 read] & au?or--alike 9 "o4 ,& ev5 z ^! phantoms1 :e!r ( hi/ory or leg5d1 ( actual exi/5ce or fancy1 h be5 conjur$ up be=e u = "s brief spell1 let u1 n[ our task has drawn to a close1 bid !m adieu ) :at k9dl9ess ( recollection we may3 ,come l %ad[s1 s dep>t4 ,index ,! titles 9 black type ref] to illu/rations4 ,adam ( ,gurdon1 #abc lfeah1 #eh !lb]t1 #cb !lr$ ! ,r$eless1 #fa1 #he !lwold1 ,bi%op1 #bj1 #cj1 #di1 #ed1 #eh1 #gh1 #he1 #adg1 #aec1 #aed !lwulf1 #cj1 #cb1 #he1 #aec ,alfr$1 ,k+1 #e1 #cb1 #cd1 #ia1 #adc1 #aeb1 #aec ,alfr$1 a refugee1 #ch ,alfr$1 /atue (1 #db ,alres=d1 #aaa1 #ahd ,als)a1 #da1 #ia1 #ade ,alton1 ,pass (1 #abc ,alw>5e/ret1 #id ,alw9e1 #ga ,&]ida1 #ae ,anselm1 ,ar*bi%op1 #hg1 #if ,anton9e1 ,it9]>ies1 #ae ,ar?ur1 ,k+1 #ae1 #afh1 #ahc ,ar?ur1 ,pr9ce1 #aea1 #agc ,ar?ur1 ,r\nd ,table1 #ba1 #afh1 #agd1 #ahd ,ass]1 ,bi%op1 #cf1 #dj ,assize1 ,bloody1 #g1 #age ,a!l/an1 ,k+1 #dc ,augu/9e1 #ba ,aulus ,plautius1 #ae ,au/51 ,jane1 #g1 #aed1 #aga1 #ahe ,av+ton ,p>k1 #bb ,b>ons' w>1 #aac ,beau=t1 ,c>d9al1 #adg1 #aea1 #aga ,b$e 7,v5]able71 #bb ,b5$ict9es1 #aca ,bir9us1 #bc1 #bd1 #aec1 #aed ,bi%op's ,wal?am1 #afb1 #afi ,black ,dea?1 #aci1 #afj ,br$5e/ret1 #id ,broadway1 #agg ,br[ne1 ,h>old1 ,bi%op1 #aed ,buc*e/ret1 #ic1 #id ,burton1 ,dr41 #afc ,butt]cross1 #hj1 #aah1 #agg ,cdmon1 #cf ,cr ,gw5t1 #ad ,calais1 #aba ,calpe/ret1 #id ,camd51 #adc ,ca/le1 ,norman1 at ,w9*e/]1 #hf1 #id1 #agb ,ca/le1 ,brabant9e m]*ants 9 ,w9*e/]1 #aae ,ca!dral1 #h1 #bi ,ca!dral ( !lwold1 #ef1 #gg ,ca!dral1 b$esm51 #d ,ca!dral1 pilgrims at1 #abh ,ca!dral1 pres]vation (1 #gg1 #aee ,ca!dral1 trans=mation by ,wykeham1 #adi ,ca!dral 7,w9*e/]71 #bc1 #adf ,celts1 #ab ,*>lemagne1 #bg ,*>les ,,ii41 #f1 #agh ,*>les ,v4 7,emp]or71 #f1 #agd ,*5ictes1 #if ,*5i*etehalla1 #if1 #agg ,*epemanesela1 #if1 #agg ,*eyney ,c\rt1 #aee ,*eyney ,c\rt & ,close ,gate1 #aab ,*ilcombe1 #dg ,*ri/es ,hospitall1 #e1 #agi ,*ri/ian ,ye> 7,keble71 #aib ,*ri/ianity 9 ,hamp%ire1 #ba ,claus5tum 7,s\?ampton71 #ae1 #ah ,close1 !1 #abe ,cnut1 #e1 #fe1 #he1 #ia1 #add1 #aec ,colbr&1 #dd1 #ia ,cole1 ,edw>d1 ,mayor1 #agh ,colet1 ,dean1 #afj ,college1 ,brew ,h\se1 #afd ,college1 ,w9*e/]1 #ade1 #aeh ,common]s1 #afc ,c\nty ,hall1 #agb ,cromwell1 ,oliv]1 #agb ,cromwell1 ,?omas1 #adb ,curfew1 #hj ,curle1 ,bi%op1 #ade ,danem>k ,mead1 #dg1 #ia ,danes1 #bh1 #cf1 #fj1 #he1 #aec ,danihel 7,bi%op71 #be ,david1 ,k+ ( ,scotl&1 #aje ,dean & ,*apt] ( ,w9*e/]1 #add ,dean]y1 #ade1 #aee ,dean]y1 ,!1 #aje ,de ,mont=t1 ,simon1 #aac1 #agc ,domesday ,book1 #gb1 #hj1 #ib1 #ahb ,domesday 7,w9*e/]71 #ib ,domum1 #aff ,dor*e/]1 #bc ,drayton's ,polyolbion1 #ahd ,dun/an 7,ar*bi%op71 #cj1 #ej1 #ef ,eald5 ,myn/re1 #da1 #dd1 #ea1 #ahc ,ea/ ,gate1 #id1 #ie ,ea/on1 #if ,edg>1 #cj1 #dh1 #di1 #ei1 #he ,edmund1 ,k+1 #dh ,edr$1 ,k+1 #dh ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 #ff ,edw>d ,,iii41 ,k+1 #abj ,edw>d1 ,pr9ce1 #aad ,edw>d ! ,eld]1 ,k+1 #dc1 #ia ,edwy1 ,k+1 #di ,edyngton1 ,bi%op1 #adg1 #aea ,egb]t1 #bg1 #he1 #aec ,election *amb]1 #afb ,emma 7lfgyfu71 ,que51 #fb1 #fe1 #he1 #ia1 #aec ,engli% ,*ronicle1 #bb1 #cd1 #ci1 #dj1 #ej1 #fa1 #fi1 #hb1 #aja1 #afh1 #ahb ,es*eopes1 #ie ,esmond1 #aij ,e/als1 #ie ,e!lm>1 ,bi%op1 #aed ,eton ,college1 #aeb ,eve%am1 battle1 #aad ,feudal sy/em1 #hj ,flesmang]e ,/ret1 #id ,font 7ca!dral71 #ajj ,fox1 ,bi%op1 #adg1 #aea ,frankl91 ,b5jam91 #aib ,fri>s 9 ,w9*e/]1 #aci ,fromond's ,*antry1 #afg ,fyfhyde1 ,walt]1 ,abbot1 #aci ,gabell1 ,dr41 #aff1 #ahg ,g>d9]1 ,bi%op1 #aea ,ge(frey ( ,monm\?1 #bj1 #ahc ,george1 #aba1 #aia ,george ,hotel1 #ig ,g]e 7,g>7 ,/ret1 #ic ,gewissas1 #bj1 #bb ,ghetto1 #ig1 #ahj ,gild m]*ant1 #df1 #hj1 #aba ,gilds1 #ie1 #agg ,godbegot ,h\se1 #fb ,godbiete1 #fb1 #hj1 #abj ,godfrey de ,lucy1 ,bi%op1 #aaa1 #adg ,godw9e1 ,e>l1 #fe1 #ff1 #he ,godw9e1 ,e>l1 dea? (1 #fi1 #aec ,golde ,/ret1 #id ,gospel ,oak1 #bb ,grimbald1 ,abbot1 #da ,guild ,hall1 #ig ,guy ( ,w>wick1 #df1 #ia ,hdda1 ,bi%op1 #bc ,hamble1 #cb ,hamble ,riv]1 #dj ,hamp%ire1 ,*ri/ianity 91 #ba ,hamp%ire1 ,victoria ,hi/ory (1 #gb ,hanta*5esle1 #id1 #if1 #agg ,h>dy1 ,?omas1 #aic ,h>old1 ,k+1 #fe ,h>old ,,ii41 ,k+1 #ga ,h>?acnut1 #fe1 #he1 #aec ,hempage ,wood1 #gg ,h5ry ,i41 #f1 #hj1 #hh1 #ih ,h5ry ,,ii41 ,k+1 #aje1 #aaj ,h5ry ,,iii41 ,k+1 #f1 #aaa1 #aed1 #agc ,h5ry ,,iv41 ,k+1 #aea ,h5ry ,v41 #agc ,h5ry ,,viii41 #f1 #ia1 #adj1 #agc ,h5ry ( ,blois 7,bi%op71 #bb1 #fd1 #ib1 #ajj1 #aed1 #afh1 #aga ,h5ry ( ,blois1 ,papal ,legate1 #ajb ,hept>*y1 #bf ,h]ew>d ! ,wake1 #dh1 #he ,high ,/reet1 #dh ,hoadley 7,bi%op71 #aed1 #agh ,horne 7,bi%op71 #add ,h\rs1 s]vices (1 #acc ,hursley1 #aib ,hursley ,vic>age1 #agf ,hyda1 ,lib] de1 #de1 #ej1 #ed1 #ahc ,hyde1 ,abbey1 #da1 #ij1 #aje1 #aae1 #abg1 #acc1 #ade ,hyde ,abbey1 dissolv$1 #adc ,hyde1 ,lib] ,vit (1 #fd1 #ahc ,it*5 ,abbas1 #da ,it*5 ,/oke1 ,wat]spla% at1 #hi ,james ,i41 #f ,jewry ,/reet1 #ig ,jews1 #ig ,joan ( ,nav>re1 #aea ,john1 ,k+1 #f1 #aaa ,julius ,cs>1 #ae ,judi?1 ,c\ntess1 #hc ,judi?1 ,que51 #cf ,keats1 ,john1 #c1 #ahh ,keble1 ,john1 #aec1 #aib ,k5 7,bi%op71 #aec1 #aff1 #agj1 #agh1 #ahh ,k5ulphus 7,k5walh71 #bc1 #he1 #adg1 #aec ,k+'s ,gate1 #ie1 #ih1 #aad1 #abc1 #acj ,k+'s ,gate1 #gc ,k+smill1 ,william 7,prior71 #add ,kit*91 ,dean1 #acf ,knighton1 ,h5ry1 #dg1 #aje1 #ahc ,knights ( ,/4 ,john 7,hospitall]s71 #ajg1 #afi ,kynegils1 #bb1 #bd1 #cb1 #adg1 #aec ,la*5ictahalla1 #if ,la9/on ,h\se1 #aia ,langton's ,*apel1 #aej ,lanfranc1 ,ar*bi%op1 #gg1 #hh ,lea*'s ,w9*e/] ,college1 #afg ,lel&1 #adc ,lely1 #agh ,le(ric1 ,e>l1 #ff ,lib]ty ( ,godbiete1 #fb ,lib]ty ( ! ,soke1 #aai ,lisle1 ,dame ,alice1 #g1 #agd ,london1 #gd ,magdal5 ,college1 ,ox=d1 #aeb ,magdal5 ,hill1 #aj ,mann]s maky? man1 #f1 #aeh1 #aff ,m>tyr ,wor?y1 #hj ,m>y1 ,que51 #aea ,m>y1 ,que51 #e ,ma!w ( ,p>is1 #aae1 #ahc ,matilda1 ,empress1 #e1 #ajb1 #afi1 #agb ,mayor1 #aai ,meads1 #adj1 #aff ,m5/re ,/ret1 #id ,middle gate1 ,college1 #afd ,mirabel ,close1 #acb1 #aee ,moab1 #afe ,mob]ley 7,doctor71 #afc ,mona/ic life1 #acj ,morley 7,bi%op71 #aed1 #agj1 #agh ,mortu>y *e/s1 #bd1 #bh1 #cb1 #fd1 #aec ,morys1 ,john1 #aff1 #agj ,naseby1 #agb ,natives & ,ali5s1 #agf ,nell ,gwynne1 #agh1 #ahe ,new ,college1 ,ox=d1 #aei ,new ,=e/1 #hj1 #hh ,newan ,myn/re1 #cd1 #da1 #dc1 #ea1 #fi1 #ga1 #ij ,norman ,conque/1 #gc ,novices1 ,ma/] (1 #ace ,nunna ,myn/re 7,/4 ,m>y's ,abbey71 #da1 #ed1 #ih1 #ajd1 #aji1 #aah1 #ade1 #ahc ,ob$i5ti>ii1 #acc ,obelisk1 #age ,old ,m9/]1 #fc1 #fd1 #ff1 #fi ,oliv]'s ,batt]y1 #h ,ord] ( ,noble ,pov]ty1 #agb ,osb]ga1 #cf ,ott]b\rne1 #aib ,ox=d1 #aeb ,palm ,hall1 #abf ,p>liam5t at ,w9*e/]1 #aad ,pass ( ,alton1 #abc ,pavilionis ,aula1 #abb1 #abf ,pet] de ,rupibus 7,bi%op71 #aab1 #aed ,pet] ,symonds1 #agi ,pev5sey1 #ae ,philip ( ,spa91 #aea ,piep[d] ,c\rt1 #abf ,pi]s ,pl[man1 #abe ,pilgrims1 #abf ,pilgrims' ,hall1 #abh1 #aee ,pilgrims' ,way1 #abi ,plague 9 ,w9*e/]1 #age ,plantag5ets1 #aji ,plegmund1 #dc ,polyolbion1 ,drayton's1 #ahd ,port*e/]1 #aj ,portus ,magnus 7,port*e/]71 #ae1 #ah ,raleigh1 #f1 #agd ,ri*>d ( ,devizes1 #ig ,ri*>d ,i41 ,k+1 #ig1 #aaj1 #aea ,rob]t1 ,e>l ( ,gl\ce/]1 #ajd ,rog] ,bacon1 #aac ,rome1 ,alfr$ at1 #cb ,roman roads1 #ag1 #ai ,roman occupation1 #ae ,roman walls1 #af ,r\nd table1 #ba1 #afh1 #agd1 #ahd ,rudborne 7,major ,hi/oria71 #df1 #ee1 #fc1 #ga1 #hj1 #ahc ,rufus1 #e1 #fe1 #gi1 #hg1 #hh1 #ajh1 #aec ,/4 !lwold 7,b5$ictional (71 #eg1 #ahc ,/4 ,alphege1 #eh ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ,hyde1 *ur* (1 #ach ,/4 ,brice's ,day1 #fa ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,hill1 #i ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,hill1 #aj1 #fd1 #aff ,/4 ,cross1 #fd ,/4 ,cross1 #e1 #ajj1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #abg1 #ade1 #afi1 #aga ,/4 ,cross1 ,t[] ( ,ambulatory1 #afj ,/4 ,elizabe?'s ,college1 #adj1 #ade ,/4 ,giles's ,fair1 #gi1 #ie1 #aag1 #aba ,/4 ,giles's ,hill1 #g1 #aj1 #aei1 #ahj ,/4 ,john's ,hospital1 #ade ,/4 ,josse1 #dd1 #abg ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 #afi ,/4 ,m>y's ,abbey 7,nunna ,myn/re71 #da1 #ed1 #aji1 #aah ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,*eesehill1 #eg ,/4 ,s)un's ,*ur*1 #aad ,/4 ,s)un's ,mona/]y1 #bd1 #cb1 #ea1 #ia1 #ih1 #aaj1 #aac1 #aae1 #aah1 #acj1 #acc1 #add ,s>um1 #aj ,saxon ,w9*e/]1 #bj ,sc[]t5e/ret1 #id1 #ig ,secul>s1 #eb ,s5lac1 #gb ,sev5? ,*amb]1 #afd ,%aw=d ,mill1 #af ,%]lock ,holmes1 #aic ,sil*e/]1 #aj1 #ah1 #bj ,sildwort5/ret1 #ic1 #id ,sil5ce ( ,dean ,maitl&1 #aic ,siw>d 7,e>l71 #ff ,slype1 !1 #ade ,snidel+e/ret1 #id ,soke1 ,lib]ty (1 #aai ,s\?ampton1 #ae ,s\?gate1 #abc ,/aple t[ns1 #abj ,/eph51 #f1 #ajj ,/ig& 7,bi%op71 #gf1 #add ,/ret bidel1 #ie ,su/]n ,spital1 #adj1 #afc ,s)un1 ,bi%op1 #bi1 #cb1 #ed1 #abg1 #adg1 #aec1 #aed ,tann]e/ret1 #id ,tess ( ! ,d',urb]villes1 #aic ,?ack]ay1 #aij ,trollope1 ,an?ony1 #aib ,tron1 #abj1 #ahj ,tru/y s]vant1 #afd ,twy=d1 #aib ,v5ta1 #be ,v5ta ,belg>um1 #ad1 #ae ,vespasian1 #ae ,victoria1 ,que51 #aec1 #agc ,vik+s1 #bh ,v9tan-cea/ir1 #be1 #ahb ,walcote1 #aia ,walkelyn 7,bi%op71 #gg1 #adg1 #aed ,wal!( 7,e>l71 #hc ,walton1 ,izaak1 #aec1 #aed1 #agj1 #ahd ,wantage1 #ce ,w>ton1 ,doctor1 #aed ,wayneflete 7,bi%op71 #aea ,weald ,=e/1 #ab ,weirs1 ,!1 #be ,w5eg]e/ret1 #id ,wessex 7capital (71 #bj1 #aec ,we/gate1 #id1 #abc1 #age1 #agg ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 #adg ,:ite ,%ip1 #ij1 #ih1 #aja ,:it+1 ,william1 #aib ,wilb]=ce1 ,samuel 7,bi%op71 #aed ,william ( ,malmesbury1 #ahc ,william ,i41 #e1 #ga1 #gd1 #hg1 #agb ,william ,,ii4 7,rufus71 #e1 #fe1 #gi1 #hg1 #hh1 #ajh ,william ( ,wykeham1 #f1 #ajg1 #aci1 #adg1 #adh1 #aea1 #aeh ,w9*e/] ,domesday1 #ib ,w9*e/]1 ,alfr$'s dea? & aft]1 #dc ,ar?urian leg5d1 #bj ,bi%op !lwold1 #di ,capital ( ,dani% ,empire1 #ei ,capital ( ,engl&1 #bf ,ca!dral1 #bc1 #bi1 #ajj1 #adf1 #ahf1 #ahi ,civil ,w> 91 #ajd ,conv]sion ( ,kynegils1 #bc ,dean & ,*apt]1 #add ,e>ly days1 #aj ,f\rte5? & ,fifte5? ,c5turies1 #aag ,9 ,lit]ature1 #aga ,lat] ,norman1 #hg ,massacre at1 #fa ,mona/ic life1 #acj ,norman1 #gc ,w9*e/]1 ,norman ca/le1 #hf ,plague 91 #age ,roman city1 #af ,roman occupation1 #ae ,saxon1 #bj ,t ,joly ,cit1 #a ,we/gate1 #dj ,w9ton ,survey1 #ib ,wolvesey1 #afh ,w9*e/] f ,/4 ,giles's ,hill1 #ahd ,w9*e/] ,college ,bre:\se1 #aba ,cloi/]s & ,fromond's ,*antry1 #acg ,memorial ,gateway1 #add ,middle ,gate1 #abh ,second ,ma/]'s ,h\se1 #aec ,t[] ( ! ,*apel1 ,frontispiece ,w9tonia1 ,annales de1 #gg1 #ahc ,wolsey1 #adb1 #aec1 #afh ,wolvesey1 #h1 #ci1 #ei1 #he1 #ih1 #ajj1 #ajb1 #ajd1 #aah1 #abf1 #agj ,wool trade1 #abj1 #ahj ,wr51 ,sir ,*ri/oph]1 #agh1 #ahj ,wro!sley1 ,?omas1 #adb ,wulf/an 7,prec5tor71 #ec1 #ee1 #gg1 #aah ,wye1 ,faire1 #abe ,wykehamica1 ,adams's1 #afg ,yonge1 ,*>lotte1 #aib ,,! ,,end ,pr9t$ by ,r4 ,r4 ,,cl>k1 ,,limit$1 ,ed9burgh4 ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ,,& ,,arti/ ,,z ,,w9*e/]4 ,,hamp%ire ,,pa9t$ ,,by ,,wilfrid ,,ball1 ,r4,e4 ,,describ$ ,,by ,,rev4 ,,tel=d ,,v>ley1 ,m4,a41 ,b4,,sc4 ,,conta9+ #ge ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r ,squ>e ,demy #hvo4 ,clo?4 ,gilt ,top4 ,,price #bj_/- ,,net4 7,by ,po/1 price #bjs4 #f;d47 ,,"s ,,press ,,op9ions 8,mr4 ,ball's pictures are delightfully fre%1 & recall _m pleasant sc5es to ! read] :o kn[s ! c\nty40--,man*e/] ,gu>dian4 8,hamp%ire is ess5tially a book to keep on a h&y %elf 9 ! bookcase1 :]e x c be easily tak5 d[n & read ) nev]-fail+ delight & pleasure40--,que54 8,! ,rev4 ,tel=d ,v>ley describes vividly & ) great *>m ! _m beauties ( ?is c\nty1 :ile ,mr4 ,wilfrid ,ball's pictures are exquisitely beautiful40--,! ,tatl]4 8,mr4 ,v>ley's ,hamp%ire is a delightful book1 ent]ta9+1 in/ructive1 & reliable2 & )al x is delightfully & copi\sly illu/rat$40--,b\rnem\? ,visitors' ,directory4 ,,o!r ,,c\nties ,,9 ,,! ,,same ,,s]ies ,squ>e ,demy #hvo4 ,clo?4 ,gilt ,top4 ,,essex ,pa9t$ by ,l4 ,,burleigh ,,bruhl1 ,r4,b4,a4 ,describ$ by ,a4 ,r4 ,,hope ,,moncrieff4 ,conta9+ #ge ,full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r & a ,sket*-,map4 ,,price #bj_/- ,,net 7,by ,po/1 price #bj_/f7 8,no?+ m delightful c\ld be imag9$ 9 ! way ( illu/rat$ topographical lit]ature ?an ,essex40--,illu/rat$ ,london ,news4 8,altoge!r x is an admirable book40--,globe4 ,,k5t ,pa9t$ by ,w4 ,,biscombe ,,g>dn]4 ,describ$ by ,w4 ,,teignm\? ,,%ore4 ,conta9+ #gc ,full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r & a ,sket*-,map4 ,,price #bj_/- ,,net 7,by ,po/1 price #bj_/f7 8,! acme ( ! reproductive art is rea*$ 9 ! col\r facsimiles ( ! arti/'s sket*es ( ! fam\s ca!drals & ca/les1 ! antique h\ses & qua9t villages1 ! p>ks1 riv]s1 & coa/s ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,engl&4444 ,! lett]press1 too1 has a di/9ctive *>m4 ,! au?or's /yle is cle> & limpid1 & he h&les 8 facts ) s mu* ( ! ma/] craftsman t 8 /ory nev] ceases to pulse ) human int]e/40--,*a?am ,obs]v]4 ,,middlesex ,pa9t$ by ,,john ,,fulleylove1 ,r4,i4 ,describ$ by ,a4 ,r4 ,,hope ,,moncrieff4 ,conta9+ #bj ,full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r & a ,sket*-,map4 ,,price #g_/f ,,net 7,by ,po/1 price #g_/aa7 8,an admirable book1 brightly writt5 & f9ely illu/rat$40--,/&>d4 8,mr4 ,fulleylove's score ( pictures are beautiful1 &1 comb9$ ) ,mr4 ,moncrieff's descriptions1 %\ld make _m read]s ( ?is volume det]m9e to see = !mselves ! neglect$ beauties ( ! ne>e/ ( ! ,home ,c\nties40--,daily ,telegraph4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,a4 ,,& ,c4 ,,black4 ,,soho ,,squ>e4 ,,london4 ,w4 ,,surrey ,pa9t$ by ,,sutton ,,palm]4 ,describ$ by ,a4 ,r4 ,,hope ,,moncrieff4 ,conta9+ #ge ,full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r & a ,sket*-,map4 ,,price #bj_/- ,,net 7,by ,po/1 price #bj_/f7 8,( ,mr4 ,palm]'s pictures x w\ld seem difficult to speak 9 praise too high2 he has *os5 8 views s admirably & r5d]$ !m s beautifully t we f9d ourselves wi%+ !re 7 ev5 m ( !m4444 ,^! pictures1 too1 are reproduc$ 9 col\rs s da9tily & s well t we _c recall a #8col\r-book' :i* has giv5 u great] satisfaction40--,daily ,telegraph4 ,,sussex ,pa9t$ by ,,wilfrid ,,ball1 ,r4,e4 ,conta9+ #ge ,full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r & a ,sket*-,map4 ,,price #bj_/- ,,net 7,by ,po/1 price #bj_/f7 8,z a lit]>y & arti/ic "w ! book is delightful40--,liv]pool ,c\ri]4 8,! :ole *>m ( ! c\nty comes into view 9 ,mr4 ,wilfrid ,ball's arti/ic pictures1 & 9 ! text ( ! book :i* !y adorn40--,/&>d4 8,! text1 by an anonym\s writ]1 is wor?y ( ! pictures1 & bo? are fir/-rate40--,daily ,news4 ,,w>wick%ire ,pa9t$ by ,,fr$ ,,:itehead1 ,r4,b4,a4 ,describ$ by ,,clive ,,holl&4 ,conta9+ #ge ,full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r4 ,,price #bj_/- ,,net 7,by ,po/1 price #bj_/f7 8,%akespe>e's c\nty has nev]1 to our m9d1 be5 m wor?ily pres5t$1 & ! book is "o :i* x is a pleasure to possess40--,gu>dian4 8,x rema9s to comm5d ,mr4 ,:itehead's wat]-col\rs4 ,!y are z clev] z !y are effective4 ,! pictures range ov] a great v>iety ( subjects2 !y give u a little ( ev]y?+ t is mo/ exquisitely *>act]i/ic ( ,w>wick%ire4 ,!re is n "o t does n take ! eye ) pleasure40--,daily ,*ronicle4 ,,wessex ,pa9t$ by ,,walt] ,,tyndale4 ,describ$ by ,,clive ,,holl&4 ,conta9+ #ge ,full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r & a ,sket*-,map4 ,,price #bj_/- ,,net 7,by ,po/1 price #bj_/f7 8,! au?or & pa9t] h giv5 a delightful translation1 s to speak1 ( ,?omas ,h>dy's imag9ative deal+s ) places & p4 ,*ur* & ca/le1 sea & riv]1 t[n & village1 peaceful f>ms & wild moorl&1 are all id5tifi$ & describ$1 bo? by words & pictures1 ) unfail+ *>m40--,ev5+ ,/&>d4 ,,worce/]%ire ,pa9t$ by ,,?omas ,,tyndale4 ,describ$ by ,a4 ,g4 ,,bradley4 ,conta9+ #bd ,full-page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r & a ,sket*-,map4 ,,price #g_/f ,,net 7,by ,po/1 price #g_/aa7 8,! illu/rations are beautifully done1 & ! text accurate & v readable40--,ox=d ,magaz9e4 8,mr4 ,tyndale's two doz5 beautiful sket*es w be f\nd delightful to ^? :o "k ,worce/]%ire1 :ile !y ought to tempt ^? :o d n1 to visit x on ! e>lie/ opportunity40--,daily ,telegraph4 ,,york%ire ,pa9t$ & ,describ$ by ,,gordon ,,home4 ,conta9+ #gj ,full-,page ,illu/rations 9 ,col\r & a ,sket*-,map4 ,,price #bj_/- ,,net 7,by ,po/1 price #bj_/f7 8,a volume ( great & v>i$ int]e/4 ,fam\s h\ses & ru9s1 great *ur*es1 moorl& & sea-coa/--! _m ?+s t put ,york%ire s high among ,engli% %ires--are to be f\nd "h4 ,x is a mo/ attractive volume40--,spectator4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,a4 ,,& ,c4 ,,black ,,soho ,,squ>e ,,london ,w4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,or ,hanta*evesle 7! spell+ is obscure74 #b ,knighton's ,de ev5tibus ,angliae4 #c ,memoir ( ,jane ,au/51 by ,au/5 ,leigh1 pp4 #afc & #afd1 ins]t$ "h by k9d p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,macmillan & ,co4 #d ,?is & ! foll[+ extracts are ins]t$ "h by k9d p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,macmillan & ,co4 #e ,lett] to ,george & ,georg9a ,keats1 ,septemb] #ba4 ,f ,lett]s ( ,john ,keats3 ,sidney ,colv93 p4 #caj4 #f ,lett] to ,g4 & ,g4 ,keats1 ,septemb] #bj4 #g ,ins]t$ by k9d p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,macmillan & ,co4