,transcrib]'s ,notes ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation & acc5ts h be5 /&>dis$ b all o!r spell+ & punctuation rema9s un*ang$4 ,on ,*apt] #eb page #cac 8sees no reason :y div9ation 9 d>kness1 9 a wall1 or 9 sunlight1 or by potions & incantations10 :ile well seems m likely ?an wall ! orig9al text is un*ang$4 ,footnote #adgg3 c5tury1 fols4 #aef-gd has be5 replac$ by #ef-gd4 ,! table ( cont5ts li/s ! cont5ts ( volume #b z well z volume #a4 ,! footnotes h be5 plac$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,italics are repres5t$ ?us italic1 & sup]scripts ?us yen4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,magic ,,& ,,exp]im5tal ,,sci5ce ,,volume ,i ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,magic ,,& ,,exp]im5tal ,,sci5ce ,,dur+ ,,! ,,fir/ ,,?irte5 ,,c5turies ,,( ,,our ,,era ,,by ,,lynn ,,?orndike ,,volume ,i ,,columbia ,,univ]sity ,,press ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,copyright #aibc ,columbia ,univ]sity ,press ,fir/ publi%$ by ,! ,macmillan ,company #aibc ,,isbn #j-bca-jhgid-b ,manufactur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica #aj #i #h #g ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface ix ,,abbreviations xiii ,,designation ,,( ,,manuscripts xv ,,li/ ,,( ,,works ,,frequ5tly ,,cit$ ,,by ,,au?or ,,& ,,date ,,( ,,publication ,,or ,,brief ,,title xvii ,,*apt] #a4 ,,introduction #a ,,book ,i4 ,,! ,,roman ,,empire ,,=eword #ci #b4 ,,pl9y',s ,,natural ,,hi/ory #da ,i4 ,its ,place 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,sci5ce #db ,,ii4 ,its ,exp]im5tal ,t5d5cy #ec ,,iii4 ,pl9y's ,acc\nt ( ,magic #eh ,,iv4 ,! ,sci5ce ( ! ,magi #fd ,v4 ,pl9y's ,magical ,sci5ce #gb #c4 ,,s5eca ,,& ,,ptolemy3 ,,natural ,,div9ation ,,& ,,a/rology #ajj #d4 ,,gal5 #aag ,i4 ,! ,man & ,8 ,times #aai ,,ii4 ,8 ,m$ic9e & ,exp]im5tal ,sci5ce #aci ,,iii4 ,8 ,attitude ,t[>d ,magic #afe #e4 ,,anci5t ,,appli$ ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,magic3 ,,vitruvius1 ,,h]o1 ,,& ,,! ,,greek ,,al*emi/s #ahb #f4 ,,plut>*',s ,,essays #bjj #g4 ,,apuleius ,,( ,,madaura #bba #h4 ,,philo/ratus',s ,,life ,,( ,,apollonius ,,( ,,tyana #bdb #i4 ,,lit]>y ,,& ,,philosophical ,,attacks ,,^u ,,sup]/ition3 ,,cic]o1 ,,favor9us1 ,,sextus ,,empiricus1 ,,lucian #bfh #aj4 ,,spuri\s ,,my/ic ,,writ+s ,,( ,,h]mes1 ,,orpheus1 ,,& ,,zoroa/] #bhg #aa4 ,,neo-,,platonism ,,& ,,its ,,relations ,,to ,,a/rology ,,& ,,!urgy #bih #ab4 ,,aelian1 ,,sol9us1 ,,& ,,horapollo #cbb ,,book ,,ii4 ,,e>ly ,,*ri/ian ,,?\ght ,,=eword #ccg #ac4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,eno* #cdj #ad4 ,,philo ,,judaeus #cdh #ae4 ,,! ,,gno/ics #cfj #af4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,apocrypha #che #ag4 ,,! ,,recognitions ,,( ,,clem5t ,,& ,,simon ,,magus #djj #ah4 ,,! ,,confession ,,( ,,cyprian ,,& ,,"s ,,simil> ,,/ories #dbh #ai4 ,,orig5 ,,& ,,celsus #dcf #bj4 ,,o!r ,,*ri/ian ,,discussion ,,( ,,magic ,,be=e ,,augu/9e #dfb #ba4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,natural ,,sci5ce3 ,,basil1 ,,epiphanius1 ,,& ,,! ,,physiologus #dhj #bb4 ,,augu/9e ,,on ,,magic ,,& ,,a/rology #ejd #bc4 ,,! ,,fusion ,,( ,,pagan ,,& ,,*ri/ian ,,?\ght ,,9 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,& ,,fif? ,,c5turies #ebc ,,book ,,iii4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,middle ,,ages #bd4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,nectanebus1 ,,or ,,! ,,alex&] ,,leg5d ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,middle ,,ages #eea #be4 ,,po/-,,classical ,,m$ic9e #eff #bf4 ,,pseudo-,,lit]ature ,,9 ,,natural ,,sci5ce #eid #bg4 ,,o!r ,,e>ly ,,m$ieval ,,le>n+3 ,,boe?ius1 ,,isidore1 ,,b$e1 ,,gregory #faf #bh4 ,,arabic ,,occult ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,! ,,n9? ,,c5tury #fda #bi4 ,,lat9 ,,a/rology ,,& ,,div9ation1 ,,especially ,,9 ,,! ,,n9?1 ,,t5?1 ,,& ,,elev5? ,,c5turies #fgb #cj4 ,,g]b]t ,,& ,,! ,,introduction ,,( ,,arabic ,,a/rology #fig #ca4 ,,anglo-,,saxon1 ,,sal]nitan ,,& ,,o!r ,,lat9 ,,m$ic9e ,,9 ,,manuscripts ,,f ,,! ,,n9? ,,to ,,! ,,twelf? ,,c5tury #gai #cb4 ,,con/ant9us ,,africanus 7c4 #ajae-ajhg7 #gdb #cc4 ,,treatises ,,on ,,! ,,arts ,,be=e ,,! ,,introduction ,,( ,,arabic ,,al*emy #gfj #cd4 ,,m>bod #gge ,,indices3 ,g5]al #ghc ,bibliographical #haa ,manuscripts #hca ,,book ,,iv4 ,,! ,,twelf? ,,c5tury #ce4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,s*ola/ics3 ,,pet] ,,abel>d ,,& ,,hugh ,,( ,,/4 ,,victor #c #cf4 ,,adel>d ,,( ,,ba? #ad #cg4 ,,william ,,( ,,con*es #ej #ch4 ,,"s ,,twelf? ,,c5tury ,,translators1 ,,*iefly ,,( ,,a/rology ,,f ,,! ,,arabic #ff #ci4 ,,b]n>d ,,silve/]2 ,,a/rology ,,& ,,geomancy #ii #dj4 ,,sa9t ,,hildeg>d ,,( ,,b+5 #abd #da4 ,,john ,,( ,,salisbury #aee #db4 ,,daniel ,,( ,,morley ,,& ,,rog] ,,( ,,h]e=d #aga #dc4 ,,alex&] ,,neckam ,,on ,,! ,,natures ,,( ,,?+s #ahh #dd4 ,,moses ,,maimonides #bje #de4 ,,h]metic ,,books ,,9 ,,! ,,middle ,,ages #bad #df4 ,,kiranides #bbi #dg4 ,,pre/] ,,john ,,& ,,! ,,m>vels ,,( ,,india #bcf #dh4 ,,! ,,pseudo-,,ari/otle #bdf #di4 ,,solomon ,,& ,,! ,,ars ,,notoria #bgi #ej4 ,,anci5t ,,& ,,m$ieval ,,dream-,,books #bij ,,book ,v4 ,,! ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,=eword #cje #ea4 ,,mi*ael ,,scot #cjg #eb4 ,,william ,,( ,,auv]gne #cch #ec4 ,,?omas ,,( ,,cantimpr #cgb #ed4 ,,b>?olomew ,,( ,,engl& #dja #ee4 ,,rob]t ,,grossete/e #dcf #ef4 ,,v9c5t ,,( ,,beauvais #deg #eg4 ,,e>ly ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,m$ic9e3 ,,gilb]t ,,( ,,engl& ,,& ,,william ,,( ,,engl& #dgg #eh4 ,,petrus ,,hispanus #dhh #ei4 ,,alb]tus ,,magnus #eag ,i4 ,life #eba ,,ii4 ,z a ,sci5ti/ #ebh ,,iii4 ,8 ,allusions to ,magic #edh ,,iv4 ,m>vel\s ,virtues 9 ,nature #efj ,v4 ,attitude ,t[>d ,a/rology #egg #fj4 ,,?omas ,,aqu9as #eic #fa4 ,,rog] ,,bacon #faf ,i4 ,life #fai ,,ii4 ,criticism ( & ,"p 9 ,m$ieval ,le>n+ #fcj ,,iii4 ,exp]im5tal ,sci5ce #fdi ,,iv4 ,attitude ,t[>d ,magic & ,a/rology #fei #fb4 ,,! ,,speculum ,,a/ronomiae #fib #fc4 ,,?ree ,,treatises ,,ascrib$ ,,to ,,alb]t #gbj #fd4 ,,exp]im5ts ,,& ,,secrets3 ,,m$ical ,,& ,,biological #gea #fe4 ,,exp]im5ts ,,& ,,secrets3 ,,*emical ,,& ,,magical #ggg #ff4 ,,picatrix #hac #fg4 ,,guido ,,bonatti ,,& ,,b>?olomew ,,( ,,p>ma #hbe #fh4 ,,arnald ,,( ,,villanova #hda #fi4 ,,raymond ,,lull #hfb #gj4 ,,pet] ,,( ,,abano #hgd #ga4 ,,cecco ,d',,ascoli #idh #gb4 ,,conclusion #ifi ,,indices3 ,g5]al #ihe ,bibliographical #ajjg ,manuscripts #ajbg ,,preface ,?is "w has be5 long 9 prep>ation--ev] s9ce 9 #aijb-aijc ,pr(essor ,james ,h>vey ,rob9son1 :5 my m9d 0 /ill 9 ! mak+1 sugge/$ ! /udy ( magic 9 m$ieval univ]sities z ! subject ( my !sis = ! ma/]'s degree at ,columbia ,univ]sity--& has be5 =e%ad[$ by o!r publications1 "s ( :i* are li/$ "u my "n 9 ! prelim9>y bibliography4 ,s9ce ?is 0 set up 9 type !re h also appe>$3 8,gal53 ! ,man & ,8 ,times10 9 ,! ,sci5tific ,mon?ly1 ,janu>y1 #aibb2 8,e>ly ,*ri/ianity & ,natural ,sci5ce10 9 ,! ,biblical ,review1 ,july1 #aibb2 8,! ,lat9 ,pseudo-,ari/otle & ,m$ieval ,occult ,sci5ce10 9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ,engli% & ,g]manic ,philology1 ,april1 #aibb2 & notes on ,daniel ( ,morley & ,gundissal9us 9 ,! ,engli% ,hi/orical ,review4 ,= p]mission to make use ( ^! previ\s publications 9 ! pres5t "w ,i am indebt$ to ! editors ( ! p]iodicals j m5tion$1 & also to ! editors ( ,! ,columbia ,univ]sity ,/udies 9 ,hi/ory1 ,economics1 & ,public ,law1 ,! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,review1 ,classical ,philology1 ,! ,moni/1 ,nature1 ,! ,philosophical ,review1 & ,sci5ce4 ,! =m1 h[ev]1 ( ^! previ\s publications has (t5 be5 alt]$ 9 embody+ !m 9 ?is book1 &1 tak5 toge!r1 !y con/itute b a fraction ( x4 ,book ,i greatly amplifies ! acc\nt ( magic 9 ! ,roman ,empire conta9$ 9 my doctoral diss]tation4 ,ov] t5 ye>s ago ,i prep>$ an acc\nt ( magic & sci5ce 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies bas$ on mat]ial available 9 pr9t 9 libr>ies ( ?is c\ntry & arrang$ topically1 b ,i did n publi% x1 z x seem$ advisable to supplem5t x by /udy abroad & ( ! manuscript mat]ial1 & to adopt an arrangem5t by au?ors4 ,! result is ,books ,,iv & ,v ( ! pres5t "w4 ,my exam9ation ( manuscripts has be5 done especially at ! ,briti% ,museum1 ^: ri* collections1 p]haps because some:at inaccessibly catalogu$1 h be5 less us$ by /ud5ts ( m$ieval le>n+ ?an su* libr>ies z ! ,bodleian & ,biblio?que ,nationale4 ,i h work$ also1 h[ev]1 at bo? ,ox=d & ,p>is1 at ,muni*1 ,flor5ce1 ,bologna1 & else:]e2 b x has ( c\rse be5 impossible to exam9e all ! ?\s&s ( manuscripts be>+ ^u ! subject1 & ! w> prev5t$ me f visit+ "s libr>ies1 su* z ! important m$ieval collection ( ,amplonius at ,erfurt4 ,h[ev]1 a fairly wide survey ( ! catalogues ( collections ( manuscripts has conv9c$ me t ,i h read a repres5tative selection4 ,su* classifi$ li/s ( m$ieval manuscripts z ,mrs4 ,doro!a ,s+] has und]tak5 = ! ,briti% ,isles %\ld greatly facilitate ! future labors ( inve/igators 9 ?is field4 ,al?\gh work+ 9 a r new field1 ,i h be5 aid$ by editions ( m$ieval writ]s produc$ by mod]n s*ol>%ip1 & by v>i\s s]ies1 books1 & articles t5d+1 at lea/1 9 ! same direction z m9e4 ,"s su* publications h appe>$ or come to my notice too late = use or ev5 = m5tion 9 ! text3 = in/ance1 ano!r edition ( ! ,de m$icam5tis ( ,m>cellus ,empiricus by ,m4 ,ni$]mann2 ! pr9t+ ( ! ,twelve ,exp]im5ts ) ,snakesk9 ( ,john ,paul9us by ,j4 ,w4 ,s4 ,johnsson 9 ,bull4 d4 l4 socit fran4 d'hi/4 d4 l4 md41 ,,xii1 #beg-fg2 ! detail$ /udies ( ,sante ,f]r>i on ,pet] ( ,abano2 & ,a4 ,franz1 ,die kir*li*5 ,b5$iktion5 im ,mittelalt]1 #aiji1 #b vols4 ,! bre$+ place ( ! eel 7to :i* ,i allude at ,i1 #dia7 is n[1 z a result ( rec5t inve/igation by ,dr4 ,j4 ,s*midt1 plac$ 8ab\t #bejj miles f ! m\? ( ! ,engli% ,*annel & #ejj miles nor?-ea/ ( ! ,leew>d ,isl&s0 7,discov]y1 ,oct41 #aibb1 p4 #bef7 in/ead ( 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,a man :o once wrote 9 ,dubl9#a compla9$ ( ! difficulty ( compos+ a le>n$ "w s f> f ! ,bodleian & ,briti% ,museum1 & ,i h (t5 felt ! same way4 ,:5 able to visit =eign collections or ! l>ge/ libr>ies 9 ?is c\ntry1 or :5 books h be5 s5t = my use = a limit$ p]iod1 ,i h sp5t all ! available "t 9 ! collection ( mat]ial1 :i* has be5 writt5 up lat] z opportunity (f]$4 ,naturally "o !n f9ds _m small & "s important po9ts :i* require v]ification or fur!r inve/igation1 b :i* mu/ be po/pon$ until "o's next vacation or trip abroad1 by :i* "t "s ( ! small] po9ts are apt to be =gott54 ,( su* loose ?reads ,i fe> t m rema9 ?an c\ld be desir$4 ,& ,i h s (t5 caught myself 9 ! act ( mis9t]pretation1 misplac$ emphasis1 & o!r mi/akes1 t ,i h no d\bt !re are o!r errors z well z omissions :i* o!r s*ol>s w be able to po9t out & :i* ,i tru/ !y w4 ,despite ?is prospect1 ,i h be5 bold 9 affirm+ my indep5d5t op9ion on any po9t :]e ,i h "o1 ev5 if x conflicts ) t ( speciali/s or puts me 9 ! position ( criticiz+ my bett]s4 ,con/ant que/ion+1 criticism1 new po9ts ( view1 & conflict ( op9ion are ess5tial 9 ! pursuit ( tru?4 ,aft] "s hesitation ,i decid$1 because ( ! exp5se1 ! l5g? ( ! "w1 & ! increas+ unfamili>ity ( read]s ) ,greek & ,lat91 z a rule n to give 9 ! footnotes ! orig9al language ( passages us$ 9 ! text4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 usually suppli$ ! ,lat9 or ,greek :5 ,i h made a free translation or "o ) :i* ,i felt t o!rs might n agree4 ,b 9 su* cases ,i advise critics n to reject my r5d]+ utt]ly )\t "s fur!r exam9ation ( ! context & l9e ( ?\ght ( ! au?or or treatise 9 "q1 s9ce ! word+ ( p>ticul> passages 9 texts & manuscripts is liable to be corrupt1 & s9ce my purpose 9 quot+ p>ticul> passages is to illu/rate ! g5]al attitude ( ! au?or or treatise4 ,9 describ+ manuscripts ,i h employ$ quotation m>ks :5 ,i knew f p]sonal exam9ation or o!rwise t ! ,lat9 0 t ( ! manuscript itself1 & h omitt$ quotation m>ks :]e ! ,lat9 seem$ r to be t ( ! description 9 ! catalogue4 ,usually ,i h let ! faulty spell+ & syntax ( m$ieval copyi/s /& )\t comm5t4 ,b z ,i am n an exp]t 9 palaeography & h exam9$ a l>ge numb] ( manuscripts prim>ily = _! sub/ance1 ! read] %\ld n reg>d my ,lat9 quotations f !m z exact translit]ations or c>efully consid]$ texts4 ,he %\ld also rememb] t !re is little uni=mity 9 ! manuscripts !mselves4 ,i h tri$ to r$uce ! bulk ( ! footnotes by ! briefe/ =ms ( ref]5ce consi/5t ) cle>ness--consult li/s ( abbreviations & ( works frequ5tly cit$ by au?or & date ( publication--& by use ( app5dices at ! close ( c]ta9 *apt]s4 ,)9 ! limits ( a preface ,i may n enum]ate all ! libr>ies :]e ,i h be5 p]mitt$ to "w or :i* h g5]\sly s5t books--sometimes r>e volumes--to ,clevel& = my use1 or all ! libr>ians :o h p]sonally assi/$ my rese>*es or c\rte\sly & c>efully answ]$ my writt5 inquiries1 or ! o!r s*ol>s :o h aid$ or enc\rag$ ! prep>ation ( ?is "w1 b ,i hope !y may feel t _! k9dness has n be5 9 va94 ,9 libr>y matt]s ,i h p]haps mo/ frequ5tly impos$ ^u ! good nature ( ,mr4 ,fr$]ic ,c4 ,erb ( ! ,columbia ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 ,mr4 ,gordon ,w4 ,?ay]1 9 *>ge ( ! ,john ,g4 ,:ite collection 9 ! ,clevel& ,public ,libr>y1 & ,mr4 ,george ,f4 ,/rong1 libr>ian ( ,adelb]t ,college1 ,we/]n ,res]ve ,univ]sity2 & ,i _c =be> to m5tion ! int]e/ %[n 9 my "w by ,dr4 ,r4 ,l4 ,poole at ! ,bodleian4 ,= lett]s facilitat+ my /udies abroad be=e ! w> or application = a passport imm$iately aft] ! w> ,i am indebt$ to ! ,hon4 ,phil&] ,c4 ,knox1 !n ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 to ,fr$]ick ,p4 ,keppel1 !n ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,w>1 to ,drs4 ,j4 ,frankl9 ,jameson & ,*>les ,f4 ,?w+1 & to ,pr(essors ,h5ry ,e4 ,b\rne & ,h5ry ,crew4 ,pr(essors ,c4 ,h4 ,hask9s1#b ,l4 ,c4 ,k>p9ski1 ,w4 ,g4 ,leutn]1 ,w4 ,a4 ,locy1 ,d4 ,b4 ,macdonald1 ,l4 ,j4 ,paet[1 ,s4 ,b4 ,platn]1 ,e4 ,c4 ,ri*>dson1 ,james ,h>vey ,rob9son1 ,david ,eug5e ,smi?1 ,d',arcy ,w4 ,?ompson1 ,a4 ,h4 ,?orndike1 ,e4 ,l4 ,?orndike1 ,t4 ,w+ate ,todd1 & ,hutton ,web/]1 & ,drs4 ,*>les ,s+] & ,se ,boy> h k9dly read v>i\s *apt]s 9 manuscript or pro( & (f]$ helpful sugge/ions4 ,! burd5 ( pro(-read+ has be5 g5]\sly %>$ ) me by ,pr(essors ,b4 ,p4 ,b\rl&1 ,c4 ,d4 ,lamb]ton1 & ,walt] ,libby1 & especially by ,pr(essor ,h>old ,nor? ,f[l] :o has correct$ pro( = practically ! entire "w4 ,aft] receiv+ su* exp]t aid & s\nd c\nsel ,i mu/ assume all ! deep] guilt = su* faults & indiscretions z ! book may display4 ,,abbreviations ,abh&l4 ,abh&lung5 zur ,ges*i*te d] ,ma!matis*5 ,wiss5s*aft51 begrndet von ,m4 ,cantor1 ,teubn]1 ,leipzig4 ,addit4 ,additional ,manuscripts 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,amplon4 ,manuscript collection ( ,amplonius ,rat9ck at ,erfurt4 ,,an ,ante-,nic5e ,fa!rs1 ,am]ican ,repr9t ( ! ,ed9burgh edition1 9 #i vols41 #aiac4 ,,z ,acta sanctorum4 ,beitrge ,beitrge zur ,ges*i*te d] ,philosophie des ,mittelalt]s1 ed4 by ,c4 ,baeumk]1 ,g4 v4 ,h]tl+1 ,m4 ,baumg>tn]1 et al41 ,mn/]1 #ahia-4 ,,bl ,bodleian ,libr>y1 ,ox=d4 ,,bm ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,,bn ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is4 ,borgnet ,augu/us ,borgnet1 ed4 ,b4 ,alb]ti ,magni ,op]a omnia1 ,p>is1 #ahij-ahii1 9 #ch vols4 ,brew] ,fr4 ,rog]i ,bacon ,op]a qua$am hact5us in$ita1 ed4 ,j4 ,s4 ,brew]1 ,london1 #ahei1 9 ,,rs1 ,,xv4 ,bridges ,! ,opus ,maius ( ,rog] ,bacon1 ed4 ,j4 ,h4 ,bridges1 ,i-,,ii1 ,ox=d1 #ahig2 ,,iii1 #aijj4 ,,ccag ,catalogus codicum a/rologorum ,graecorum1 ed4 ,f4 ,cumont1 ,w4 ,kroll1 ,f4 ,boll1 et al41 #ahih4 ,,ce ,ca?olic ,encyclop$ia4 ,,cfcb ,c5sus ( ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,books ,own$ 9 ,am]ica1 compil$ by a committee ( ! ,bibliographical ,society ( ,am]ica1 ,new ,york1 #aiai4 ,,clm ,codex ,lat9us ,monac5sis 7,lat9 ,,ms at ,muni*74 ,,csel ,corpus scriptorum ecclesia/icorum lat9orum1 ,vi5na1 #ahff-4 ,,cu ,cambridge ,univ]sity 7us$ to di/+ui% ,,mss 9 colleges hav+ ! same names z ^? at ,ox=d74 ,,cul ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,libr>y4 ,,dnb ,diction>y ( ,national ,biography4 ,,eb ,encyclop$ia ,britannica1 #aa? edition4 ,,eets ,e>ly ,engli% ,text ,society ,publications4 ,,ehr ,engli% ,hi/orical ,review4 ,,ere ,encyclop$ia ( ,religion & ,e?ics1 ed4 ,j4 ,ha/+s et al41 #aijh-4 ,,hl ,hi/oire ,littraire de la ,france4 ,,hz ,hi/oris*e ,zeits*rift1 ,muni*1 #ahei-4 ,khn ,m$ici ,graeci1 ed4 ,c4 ,j4 ,khn1 ,leipzig1 #ahbi1 conta9+ ! works ( ,gal51 ,dioscorides1 etc4 ,,mg ,monum5ta ,g]maniae4 ,,ms ,manuscript4 ,,mss ,manuscripts4 ,muratori ,r]um ,italic>um scriptores ab anno a]ae *ri/ianae #ejj ad #aejj1 ed4 ,l4 ,a4 ,muratori1 #agbc-agea4 ,,nh ,c4 ,pl9ii ,secundi ,naturalis ,hi/oria 7,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory74 ,,pg ,migne1 ,patrologiae cursus completus1 s]ies graeca4 ,,pl ,migne1 ,patrologiae cursus completus1 s]ies lat9a4 ,,pn ,! ,nic5e & ,po/-,nic5e ,fa!rs1 ,second ,s]ies1 ed4 ,wace & ,s*aff1 #ahij-aijj1 #ad vols4 ,,pw ,pauly & ,wiss[a1 ,real5cyclopdie d] classis*5 ,alt]tumswiss5s*aft4 ,,rs 8,rolls ,s]ies10 or ,r]um ,britannic>um m$ii aevi scriptores1 #ii works 9 #bdd vols41 ,london1 #aheh-ahif4 ,,tu ,texte und ,unt]su*ung5 zur ,ges*i*te d] alt*ri/li*5 ,lit]atur1 ed4 ,gebh>dt und ,h>nack4 ,,designation ,,( ,,manuscripts ,individual manuscripts are usually briefly designat$ 9 ! ensu+ notes & app5dices by a s+le ^w indicat+ ! place or collection :]e ! ,,ms is f\nd & ! numb] or %elf-m>k ( ! individual ,,ms4 ,s _m ( ! catalogues ( ,,mss collections :i* ,i consult$ 7 undat$ & )\t "n ( au?or t ,i h decid$ to attempt no catalogue ( !m4 ,! brief designations t ,i give w be suffici5t = anyone :o is int]e/$ 9 ,,mss4 ,9 giv+ ,lat9 titles1 ,incipits1 & ! l ( ,,mss ,i employ quotation m>ks :5 ,i "k f p]sonal exam9ation or o!rwise t ! word+ is t ( ! ,,ms itself1 & omit ! m>ks :]e ! ,lat9 seems r to be t ( ! description 9 ! manuscript catalogue or o!r s\rce ( in=mation4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,li/ ( ,works ,frequ5tly ,cit$ are includ$ a few ,,mss catalogues ^: au?ors ,i %all h occasion to ref] to by "n4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,works ,,frequ5tly ,,cit$ ,,by ,,au?or ,,& ,,date ,,( ,,publication ,,or ,,brief ,,title ,= m detail$ bibliography on specific topics & = editions or manuscripts ( ! texts us$ see ! bibliographies1 ref]5ces1 & app5dices to individual *apt]s4 ,i also include "h "s works ( g5]al int]e/ or ( r cursory "* :i* ,i h n _h occasion to m5tion else:]e2 & ,i usually add1 = purposes ( diff]5tiation1 o!r works 9 our field by an au?or ?an ^? works by him :i* are frequ5tly cit$4 ,( ! _m hi/ories ( ! sci5ces1 m$ic9e1 & magic t h appe>$ s9ce ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ ,i h includ$ b a small selection4 ,almo/ )\t exception !y h to be us$ ) ! greate/ caution4 ,abano1 ,pet] (1 ,conciliator diff]5ti>um philosophorum et praecipue m$icorum1 #adgb1 #adgf1 #aeba1 #aebf1 etc4 ,de v55is1 #adgb1 #adgf1 #adhd1 #adij1 #aeae1 #aeba1 etc4 ,abel1 ed4 ,orphica1 #ahhe4 ,abel>d1 ,pet]4 ,op]a hact5us seorsim edita1 ed4 ,v4 ,c\s91 ,p>is1 #ahdi-ahei1 #b vols4 ,ouvrages 9dits1 ed4 ,v4 ,c\s91 #ahce4 ,abt1 ,die ,apologie des ,apuleius von ,madaura und die antike ,zaub]ei1 ,giess51 #aijh4 ,a*metis ,oneirocriticon1 ed4 ,rigaltius1 ,p>is1 #afjc4 ,adel>d ( ,ba?1 ,quae/iones naturales1 #adhj1 #adhe1 etc4 ,de eodem et div]so1 ed4 ,h4 ,willn]1 ,mn/]1 #aijc4 ,ahr5s1 ,k4 ,das ,bu* d] ,naturgeg5/nde1 #ahib4 ,zur ,ges*i*te des sog5annt5 ,physiologus1 #ahhe4 ,ailly1 ,pi]re d'1 ,tractatus de ymag9e mundi 7& o!r works71 #adhj 7874 ,alb]tus ,magnus1 ,op]a omnia1 ed4 ,a4 ,borgnet1 ,p>is1 #ahij-ahii1 #ch vols4 ,allbutt1 ,sir ,t4 ,clif=d4 ,! ,hi/orical ,relations ( ,m$ic9e & ,surg]y to ! ,end ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury1 ,london1 #aije1 #abb pp42 an address deliv]$ at ! ,/4 ,l\is ,congress 9 #aijd4 ,! ,rise ( ! ,exp]im5tal ,me?od 9 ,ox=d1 ,london1 #aijb1 #ec pp41 f ,j\rnal ( ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,junior ,sci5tific ,club1 ,may1 #aijb1 be+ ! n9? ,rob]t ,boyle ,lecture4 ,sci5ce & ,m$ieval ,?\ght1 ,london1 #aija1 #aaf brief pages4 ,! ,h>veian ,oration deliv]$ be=e ! ,royal ,college ( ,physicians4 ,all5dy1 ,r4 ,f4 ,l',al*imie et la ,mdec9e2 tude sur les ?ories h]mtiques dans l'hi/oire de la mdec9e1 ,p>is1 #aiab1 #aee pp4 ,anz1 ,w4 ,zur ,frage na* dem ,ursprung des ,gno/izismus1 ,leipzig1 #ahig4 ,aqu9as1 ,?omas4 ,op]a omnia1 ed4 ,e4 ,frett et ,p4 ,m>1 ,p>is1 #ahga-ahhj1 #cd vols4 ,ari/otle1 ,de animalibus hi/oria1 ed4 ,dittmey]1 #aijg2 ,engli% translations by ,r4 ,creswell1 #ahdh1 & ,d',arcy ,w4 ,?ompson1 ,ox=d1 #aiaj4 ,pseudo-,ari/otle4 ,lapid>ius1 ,m]szborg1 #adgc4 ,secretum secretorum1 ,lat9 translation f ! ,arabic by ,philip ( ,tripoli 9 _m editions2 & see ,ga/]4 ,arnald ( ,villanova1 ,op]a1 ,lyons1 #aecb4 ,artemidori ,daldiani et ,a*metis ,s]eimi ,f4 ,oneirocritica2 ,a/rampsy*i et ,nicephori v]sus etiam ,oneirocritici2 ,nicolai ,rigaltii ad ,artemidorum ,notae1 ,p>is1 #afjc4 ,a%mole1 ,elias1 ,!atrum *emicum ,britannicum1 #afeb4 ,a/ruc1 ,jean4 ,mmoires p\r s]vir l'hi/oire de la ,facult de ,mdec9e de ,montpelli]1 ,p>is1 #agfg4 ,aurif]ae artis quam *emiam vocant antiquissimi auctores1 ,basel1 #aegb4 ,b>a* et ,wrobel1 ,biblio!ca ,philosophorum ,m$iae ,aetatis1 #ahgf-ahgh1 #b vols4 ,b>?olomew ( ,engl&1 ,de proprietatibus r]um1 ,l+elba*1 ,heidelb]g1 #adhh1 & o!r editions4 ,bauh91 ,de plantis a divis sanctisve nom5 hab5tibus1 ,basel1 #aeia4 ,baur1 ,ludwig1 ed4 ,gundissal9us ,de divisione philosophiae1 ,mn/]1 #aijc4 ,die ,philosophis*5 ,w]ke des ,rob]t ,grossete/e1 ,mn/]1 #aiab4 ,beazley1 ,c4 ,r4 ,! ,dawn ( ,mod]n ,geography1 ,london1 #ahig-aijf1 #c vols4 ,b]n>d1 ,e4 ,catalogi librorum manuscriptorum ,angliae et ,hib]niae 9 unum collecti 7,! old catalogue ( ! ,bodleian ,,mss71 ,tom4 ,i1 ,p>s #a1 ,ox=d1 #afig4 ,b]!lot1 ,p4 ,e4 ,m4 ,ar*ologie et hi/oire des sci5ces avec publication n\velle du papyrus grec *imique de ,leyde et impression orig9ale du ,lib] de septuag9ta de ,geb]1 ,p>is1 #aijf4 ,collection des anci5s al*imi/es grecs1 #ahhg-ahhh1 #c vols4 ,introduction l'tude de la *imie des anci5s et du moy5 ge1 #ahhi4 ,la *imie au moy5 ge1 #ahic1 #c vols4 ,les orig9es de l'al*imie1 #ahhe4 ,sur les voyages de ,gali5 et de ,zosime dans l',ar*ipel et en ,asie1 et sur la matire mdicale dans l'antiquit1 9 ,j\rnal des ,savants1 #ahie1 pp4 #chb-g4 ,bezold1 ,f4 von1 ,a/rologis*e ,ges*i*tscon/ruction im ,mittelalt]1 9 ,deuts*e ,zeits*rift fr ,ges*i*tswiss5s*aft1 ,,viii 7#ahib7 #bi;ff4 ,biblio!ca ,*emica4 ,see ,borel & ,manget4 ,bjrnbo1 ,a4 ,a4 und ,vogl1 ,s4 ,alk9di1 ,tideus1 und ,pseudo-,euklid2 drei optis*e ,w]ke1 ,leipzig1 #aiaa4 ,black1 ,w4 ,h4 ,catalogue ( ! ,a%molean ,manuscripts1 ,ox=d1 #ahde4 ,b(fito1 ,p4 ,g4 ,il ,comm5to di ,cecco d',ascoli all',alcabizzo1 ,flor5ce1 #aije4 ,il ,de pr9cipiis a/rologiae di ,cecco d',ascoli1 9 ,giornale ,/orico della ,lett]atura ,italiana1 ,suppl4 #f1 ,tur91 #aijc4 ,p]* fu condannato al fuoco l'a/rologo ,cecco d',ascoli1 9 ,/udi e ,docum5ti di ,/oria e ,diritto1 ,publicazione p]iodica dell'accademia de conf]5za ,/orico-,giuridi*e1 ,rome1 ,,xx 7#ahii74 ,boll1 ,franz4 ,die ,er=s*ung d] antik5 ,a/rologie1 9 ,neue ,jahrb4 f4 d4 klass4 ,alt]t41 ,,xi 7#aijh7 #ajc-bf4 ,e9e arabis*-byzantis*e ,quelle des ,dialogs ,h]mippus1 9 ,sitzb4 ,heidelb]g ,akad41 ,philos4 ,hi/4 ,classe 7#aiab7 ,no4 #ah1 #bh pp4 ,spha]a1 ,leipzig1 #aijc4 ,/udi5 b] ,claudius ,ptolemaeus1 9 ,jahrb4 f4 klass4 ,philol41 ,suppl4 ,bd4 ,,xxi4 ,zur ,ueb]lief]ungsges*i*te d4 grie*4 ,a/rologie u4 ,a/ronomie1 9 ,mn*4 ,akad4 ,sitzb41 #ahii4 ,boll und ,bezold1 ,/]nglaub51 ,leipzig1 #aiah2 ,i h n se54 ,bonatti1 ,guido4 ,lib] a/ronomicus1 ,ratdolt1 ,augsburg1 #adia4 ,boncompagni1 ,b4 ,della vita e delle ,op]e di ,gh]>do ,cremonese traduttore del secolo duodecimo e di ,gh]>do da ,sabbionetta a/ronomo del secolo decimot]zo1 ,rome1 #ahea4 ,della vita e delle op]e di ,guido ,bonatti a/rologo ed a/ronomo del secolo decimot]zo1 ,rome1 #ahea4 ,e/ratte dal ,giornale ,arcadico1 ,tomo ,,cxxiii-,,cxxiv4 ,della vita e delle op]e di ,leon>do ,pisano1 ,rome1 #aheb4 ,intorno ad alcune op]e di ,leon>do ,pisano1 ,rome1 #ahed4 ,borel1 ,p4 ,biblio!ca ,*imica seu catalogus librorum philosophicorum h]meticorum usque ad annum #afec1 ,p>is1 #afed4 ,bo/ock1 ,j4 & ,riley1 ,h4 ,t4 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,pl9y1 translat$ ) copi\s notes1 ,london1 #ahee2 repr9t$ #ahhg4 ,b\*-,lecl]cq1 ,a4 ,l'a/rologie dans le monde roma91 9 ,revue ,hi/orique1 vol4 #fe 7#ahig7 #bda-ii4 ,l'a/rologie grecque1 ,p>is1 #ahii1 #feh pp4 ,hi/oire de la div9ation dans l'antiquit1 #ahgi-ahhb1 #d vols4 ,brea/$1 ,j4 ,h4 ,developm5t ( ,religion & ,?\ght 9 ,anci5t ,egypt1 ,new ,york1 #aiab4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,egypt1 #aije2 second ed41 #aiji4 ,brehaut1 ,e4 ,an ,encyclop$i/ ( ! ,d>k ,ages2 ,isidore ( ,seville1 9 ,columbia ,univ]sity ,/udies 9 ,hi/ory1 etc41 vol4 #dh 7#aiab7 #a-bgd4 ,brew]1 ,j4 ,s4 ,monum5ta ,franciscana 7,,rs ,,iv1 #a71 ,london1 #aheh4 ,br[n1 ,j4 ,wood4 ,an inquiry into ! life & leg5d ( ,mi*ael ,scot1 ,ed9burgh1 #ahig4 ,br[ne1 ,edw>d ,g4 ,arabian ,m$ic9e 7! ,fitzpatrick ,lectures ( #aiai & #aibj71 ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiba4 ,br[ne1 ,sir ,?omas4 ,pseudodoxia ,epidemica1 #afej4 ,bubnov1 ,n4 ed4 ,g]b]ti op]a ma!matica1 ,b]l91 #ahii4 ,budge1 ,e4 ,a4 ,w4 ,egyptian ,magic1 ,london1 #ahii4 ,e?iopic ,hi/ories ( ,alex&] by ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es & o!r writ]s1 ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,press1 #ahif4 ,syriac ,v]sion ( ,pseudo-,calli/h5es1 ,cambridge1 #ahhi4 ,syrian ,anatomy1 ,pa?ology1 & ,!rapeutics1 ,london1 #aiac1 #b vols4 ,bunbury1 ,e4 ,h4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,geography1 ,london1 #ahgi1 #b vols4 ,cahi] et ,m>t91 ,mlanges d'ar*ologie1 d'hi/oire et de littrature1 ,p>is1 #ahdg-ahef1 #d folio vols4 ,cajori1 ,f4 ,hi/ory ( ,ma!matics2 second edition1 revis$ & enl>g$1 #aiai4 ,cantor1 ,m4 ,vorlesung5 b] ,ges*i*te d] ,ma!matik1 #crd edition1 ,leipzig1 #ahii-aijh1 #d vols4 ,repr9t ( vol4 ,,ii 9 #aiac4 ,c>9i1 ,s4 ,i4 ,sulle ,sci5ze ,occulte nel ,m$io ,evo1 ,pal]mo1 #ahgb2 ,i h n se54 ,cauzons1 ,?4 de4 ,la magie et la sorcell]ie en ,france1 #aiaj1 #d vols42 l>gely compil$ f second>y s\rces4 ,*>les1 ,e4 ,rog] ,bacon3 sa vie1 ses ouvrages1 ses doctr9es1 ,bordeaux1 #ahfa4 ,*>les1 ,r4 ,h4 ,! ,apocrypha & ,pseudepigrapha ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ,engli% translation ) introductions & critical & explanatory notes 9 conjunction ) _m s*ol>s1 ,ox=d1 #aiac1 #b l>ge vols4 ,asc5sion ( ,isaiah1 #aijj1 & repr9t$ 9 #aiag4 ,! ,book ( ,eno*1 ,ox=d1 #ahic2 translat$ anew1 #aiab4 ,*>les1 ,r4 ,h4 & ,morfill1 ,w4 ,r4 ,! ,book ( ! ,secrets ( ,eno*1 ,ox=d1 #ahif4 ,*>t]ius1 ,r5atus ed4 ,gal5i op]a1 ,p>is1 #afgi1 #ac vols4 ,*>tul>ium ,univ]sitatis ,p>isi5sis1 see ,d5ifle et ,*atela94 ,*assang1 ,a4 ,le m]veilleux dans l'antiquit1 #ahhb2 ,i h n se54 ,*\lant1 ,ludwig4 ,alb]tus ,magnus 9 se9] ,b$eutung fr die ,naturwiss5s*aft5 hi/oris* und bibliographis* d>ge/ellt1 9 ,janus1 ,i 7#ahdf7 #aeb;ff4 ,die ,anfnge wiss5s*aftli*] ,naturges*i*te und naturhi/oris*] ,abbildung1 ,dresd51 #ahef4 ,h&bu* d] ,b*]kunde fr die lt]e ,m$ic91 #bnd edition1 ,leipzig1 #ahda2 l ! =ego+1 slight] ?an ! title leads "o to hope4 ed4 ,mac] ,floridus de viribus h]b>um una cum ,walafridi ,/rabonis1 ,o?onis ,cremon5sis et ,ioannis ,folcz c>m9ibus similis argum5ti1 #ahcb4 ,*ri/1 ,w4 ,ges*i*te d] ,grie*is*5 ,litt]atur2 see ,w4 ,s*mid4 ,*wolson1 ,d4 ,die ,ssabi] und d] ,ssabismus1 ,petrograd1 #ahef1 #b vols4 ,clm5t-,mullet1 ,j4 ,j4 ,essai sur la m9ralogie arabe1 ,p>is1 #ahfh1 9 ,j\rnal asiatique1 ,tome ,,xi1 ,srie ,,vi4 ,trait des poisons de ,maimonide1 #ahfe4 ,cl]val1 ,h]mann le ,dalmate1 ,p>is1 #ahia1 elev5 pp4 ,les coles de ,*>tres au moy5 ge1 ,*>tres1 #ahie4 ,cockayne1 ,o4 ,lee*doms1 ,wortcunn+1 & ,/>craft ( ,e>ly ,engl&1 9 ,,rs ,,xxxv1 ,london1 #ahfd-ahff1 #c vols4 ,n>ratiunculae anglice conscriptae1 #ahfa4 ,congrs ,priodique ,int]national des ,sci5ces ,mdicales1 #ag? ,session1 ,london1 ,section ,,xxiii1 ,hi/ory ( ,m$ic9e1 #aiac4 ,c\s91 ,v4 ,see ,abel>d4 ,coxe1 ,h4 ,o4 ,catalogi ,codicum ,manuscriptorum ,biblio!cae ,bodleianae ,p>s ,secunda ,codices ,lat9os et ,miscellaneos ,laudianos complect5s1 ,ox=d1 #aheh-ahhe4 ,catalogi ,codicum ,manuscriptorum ,biblio!cae ,bodleianae ,p>s ,t]tia ,codices ,graecos et ,lat9os ,canonicianos complect5s1 ,ox=d1 #ahed4 ,catalogus ,codicum ,manuscriptorum qui 9 collegiis aulisque ,oxoni5sibus hodie ads]vantur1 #aheb1 #b vols4 ,cumont1 ,f4 ,a/rology & ,religion among ! ,greeks & ,romans1 #aiab1 #b vols4 ,& see ,,ccag "u ,abbreviations4 ,d>emb]g1 ,*4 ,v4 ,exposition des connaissances de ,gali5 sur l'anatomie1 la physiologie1 et la pa?ologie du sy/me n]veux1 ,p>is1 #ahda4 ,hi/oire des sci5ces mdicales1 ,p>is1 #ahgj1 #b vols4 ,la mdec9e2 hi/oire et doctr9es1 ,p>is1 #ahfe4 ,notices et extraits des manuscrits mdicaux1 #ahec4 ,delambre1 ,j4 ,b4 ,j4 ,hi/oire de l'a/ronomie du moy5 ge1 ,p>is1 #ahai4 ,delisle1 ,l4 ,inv5taire des manuscrits lat9s cons]vs la biblio?que nationale s\s les numros #hhbc-ahfac et faisant suite la srie dont la catalogue a t publi en #agdd1 ,p>is1 #ahfc-ahga4 ,d5ifle1 ,h4 ,quell5 zur ,gelehrt5ges*i*te des ,pr$ig]ord5s im #ac und #ad ,jahrhund]t1 9 ,ar*iv f4 ,lit4 u4 ,kir*5ges*4 d4 ,mittelalt]s1 ,b]l91 ,,ii 7#ahhf7 #afe-bdh4 ,d5ifle et ,*atela91 ,*>tul>ium ,univ]sitatis ,p>isi5sis1 ,p>is1 #ahhi-ahia1 #b vols4 ,d5is1 ,f4 ,le monde en*ant1 cosmographie et hi/oire naturelles fanta/iques du moy5 ge1 ,p>is1 #ahdc4 ,a curi\s little volume ) a bibliography ( works n[ =gott54 ,d\tt1 ,e4 ,magie et religion dans l',afrique du ,nord1 ,alg]1 #aiji4 ,duhem1 ,pi]re4 ,le ,sy/me du ,monde3 ,hi/oire des ,doctr9es ,cosmologiques de ,platon ,cop]nic1 #e vols41 ,p>is1 #aiac-aiag4 ,du ,prel1 ,c4 ,die ,magie als ,naturwiss5s*aft1 #ahii1 #b vols4 ,occult speculation1 n hi/orical treatm5t2 ! au?or seems to h no direct acqua9tance ) s\rces e>li] ?an ,agrippa 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,ea/]1 ,d4 ,b4 ,a ,/udy ( ! ,magic ,elem5ts 9 ! romans d'av5ture & ! romans bretons1 ,johns ,hopk9s1 #aijf4 ,ennemos]1 ,j4 ,hi/ory ( ,magic1 ,london1 #ahed4 ,eno*1 ,book (4 ,see ,*>les4 ,epiphanius4 ,op]a ed4 ,g4 ,d9dorf1 ,leipzig1 #ahei-ahfb1 #e vols4 ,evans1 ,h4 ,r4 ,! ,old & ,new ,magic1 ,*icago1 #aijf4 ,fabricius1 ,biblio!ca ,graeca1 #agaa4 ,biblio!ca ,lat9a ,m$iae et ,infimae ,aetatis1 #agcd-agdf1 #f vols4 ,codex ,pseudepigraphus ,vet]is ,te/am5ti1 #agac-agcc4 ,f>nell1 ,l4 ,r4 ,greece & ,babylon2 a comp>ative sket* ( ,mesopotamian1 ,anatolian1 & ,hell5ic ,religions1 ,ed9burgh1 #aiaa4 ,! ,high] ,aspects ( ,greek ,religion1 ,new ,york1 #aiab4 ,f]ckel1 ,c4 ,die ,gynkologie des ,?omas von ,brabants1 ausgewhlte ,kapitel aus ,bu* ,i de naturis r]um be5det um #abdj1 ,muni*1 #aiab1 9 ,g4 ,kle91 ,alte ,mei/] d4 ,m$iz9 u4 ,naturkunde4 ,f]guson1 ,john4 ,biblio!ca ,*emica1 a catalogue ( al*emical1 *emical & ph>maceutical books 9 ! collection ( ! late ,james ,"y1 ,glasg[1 #aijf4 ,=t1 ,g4 ,f4 ,m$ical ,economy2 a contribution to ! hi/ory ( ,european morals f ! ,roman ,empire to #adjj1 ,new ,york1 #ahhc4 ,fossi1 ,f4 ,catalogus codicum saeculo ,,xv impressorum qui 9 publica ,biblio!ca ,magliabe*iana ,flor5tiae ads]vantur1 #agic-agie4 ,fraz]1 ,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,folk-,lore 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 #c vols41 #aiah4 ,gold5 ,b\gh1 edition ( #ahid1 #b vols4 ,magic ,art & ! ,evolution ( ,k+s1 #b vols41 #aiaa4 ,"s ,popul> ,sup]/itions ( ! ,anci5ts1 9 ,folk-,lore1 #ahij4 ,spirits ( ! ,corn & ( ! ,wild1 #b vols41 #aiab4 ,g>9et4 ,hi/oire de la ,magie en ,france4 ,g>rison1 ,f4 ,h4 ,an ,introduction to ! ,hi/ory ( ,m$ic9e1 #bnd edition1 ,philadelphia1 #aiag4 ,ga/]1 ,m4 ,a ,hebrew ,v]sion ( ! ,secretum secretorum1 publi%$ = ! fir/ "t1 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 ,london1 #aijg1 pp4 #hgi-iac2 #aijh1 pp4 #aaa-fb1 #ajfe-hd4 ,g]l&1 ,e4 ,ges*i*te d] ,physik von d5 lte/5 ,zeit5 bis zum ,ausgange des a*tzehnt5 ,jahrhund]ts1 9 ,knigl4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss41 ,,xxiv 7#aiac7 ,muni* & ,b]l94 ,g]l& und ,traumll]1 ,ges*i*te d] ,physikalis*5 ,exp]im5ti]kun/1 ,leipzig1 #ahii4 ,giacosa1 ,p4 ,magi/ri ,sal]nitani nondum editi1 ,tur91 #aija4 ,gilb]t ( ,engl&1 ,comp5dium m$ic9ae1 ,lyons1 #aeaj4 ,gloria1 ,&rea4 ,monum5ti della ,univ]sit di ,padova1 #abbb-acah1 9 ,memorie del ,reale ,i/ituto ,v5eto di ,sci5ze1 ,lett]e ed ,arti1 ,,xxii 7#ahhd74 ,monum5ti della ,univ]sit di ,padova1 #acah-adje1 #ahhh4 ,gordon1 ,b]n>d4 ,lilium m$ic9ae1 ,v5ice1 #adif1 etc4 ,practica 7& o!r treatises71 #aeba4 ,grabmann1 ,m>t94 ,=s*ung5 b] die late9is*5 ,ari/oteles-,ueb]setzung5 des ,,xiii ,jahrhund]ts1 ,mn/]1 #aiaf4 ,die ,ges*i*te d] ,s*ola/is*5 ,me?ode1 ,freiburg1 #aiji-aiaa1 #b vols4 ,graesse1 ,j4 ,g4 ,t4 ,biblio!ca magica1 #ahdc2 ( little s]vice to me4 ,gr5fell1 ,b4 ,p4 ,! ,pres5t ,position ( ,papyrology1 9 ,bullet9 ( ,john ,ryl&s ,libr>y1 ,man*e/]1 ,,vi 7#aiba7 #adb-fb4 ,haes]1 ,h4 ,lehrbu* d] ,ges*i*te d] ,m$ic9 und d] ,volkskrankheit51 ,dritte ,be>beitung1 #ahge-ahhb4 ,halle1 ,j4 ,zur ,ges*i*te d] ,m$iz9 von ,hippokrates bis zum ,,xviii ,jahrhund]t1 ,muni*1 #aiji1 #aii pp42 too brief1 b sugge/s int]e/+ topics4 ,halliwell1 ,j4 ,o4 ,r>a ,ma!matica1 #ahci4 ,hamm]-,j5s54 ,das sog5nannte ,,iv ,bu* d] ,meteorologie des ,ari/oteles1 9 ,h]mes1 ,l 7#aiae7 #aac-cf4 ,ptolemaios und ,h]on1 ,ibid41 ,,xlviii 7#aiac71 #bbd;ff4 ,hans51 ,j4 ,zaub]wahn1 ,inquisition1 und ,hex5prozess im ,mittelalt]1 ,muni* & ,leipzig1 #aijj4 ,hask9s1 ,c4 ,h4 ,adel>d ( ,ba?1 9 ,,ehr ,,xxvi 7#aiaa7 #dia-h2 ,,xxviii 7#aiac71 #eae-f4 ,leo ,tuscus1 9 ,,ehr ,,xxxiii 7#aiah71 #dib-f4 ,! 8,de ,arte ,v5&i cum ,avibus0 ( ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,ii1 ,,ehr ,,xxxvi 7#aiba7 #ccd-ee4 ,! ,reception ( ,arabic ,sci5ce 9 ,engl&1 ,,ehr ,,xxx 7#aiae71 #ef-fi4 ,! ,greek ,elem5t 9 ! ,r5aissance ( ! ,twelf? ,c5tury1 9 ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,review1 ,,xxv 7#aibj7 #fjc-ae4 ,! ,translations ( ,hugo ,sanctelli5sis1 9 ,romanic ,review1 ,,ii 7#aiaa7 #a-ae4 ,nimrod ! ,a/ronom]1 ,ibid41 ,v 7#aiad7 #bjc-ab4 ,a ,li/ ( ,text-books f ! ,close ( ! ,twelf? ,c5tury1 9 ,h>v>d ,/udies 9 ,classical ,philology1 ,,xx 7#aiji7 #ge-id4 ,hask9s & ,lockwood4 ,! ,sicilian ,translators ( ! ,twelf? ,c5tury & ! ,fir/ ,lat9 ,v]sions ( ,ptolemy's ,almage/1 ,ibid41 ,,xxi 7#aiaj71 #ge-ajb4 ,haurau1 ,b4 ,b]n>d ,dlicieux et l'inquisition albigeoise1 ,p>is1 #ahhg4 ,hi/oire de la philosophie scola/ique1 #ahgb-ahhj4 ,le ,ma!maticus de ,b]n>d ,silve/ris1 ,p>is1 #ahie4 ,les uvres de ,hugues de ,sa9t ,victor1 essai critique1 n\velle dition1 ,p>is1 #ahhf4 ,mlanges potiques d',hildeb]t de ,lav>d94 ,notices et extraits de quelques mss lat9s de la biblio?que nationale1 #ahij-ahic1 #f vols4 ,s+ul>its hi/oriques et littraires1 ,p>is1 #ahfa4 ,he>n%aw1 ,f4 ,j4 ,c4 ,m$ieval ,contributions to ,mod]n ,civilization1 #aiba4 ,heilbronn]1 ,j4 ,c4 ,hi/oria ,ma!seos univ]sae praecipuorum ma!maticorum vitas dogmata scripta et manuscripta complexa1 ,leipzig1 #agdb4 ,heim1 ,r4 ,de rebus magicis ,m>celli m$ici1 9 ,s*$ae philol4 ,h]manno ,us5] oblatae1 #ahia1 pp4 #aai-cg4 ,incantam5ta magica graeca lat9a1 9 ,jahrb4 f4 cl4 ,philol41 #ai suppl4 bd41 ,leipzig1 #ahic1 pp4 #dfc-egf4 ,hell]1 ,a4 ,ges*i*te d] ,physik von ,ari/oteles bis auf die neue/e ,zeit1 ,/uttg>t1 #ahhb-ahhd1 #b vols4 ,h5drie1 ,r4 ,!ophili ,libri ,,iii de div]sis artibus1 translat$ by1 ,london1 #ahdg4 ,h5g/5b]g1 ,e4 ,w4 ,die ,ges*i*te ,bileams und se9e ,weissagung51 ,b]l91 #ahdb4 ,h5ry1 ,v4 ,la magie dans l',inde antique1 #aijd4 ,h5sl[1 ,g4 ,m$ical ,works ( ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury1 ,london1 #ahii4 ,h]*]1 ed4 ,aeliani op]a1 #ahfd4 ed4 ,artemidori ,oneirocritica1 ,leipzig1 #ahfd4 ed4 ,a/rampsy*i oculorum decades1 ,b]l91 #ahfc4 ,h]tl+1 ,g4 von1 ,alb]tus ,magnus2 ,beitrge zu se9] ,wrdigung1 revis$ edition ) help ( ,baeumk] & ,endres1 ,mn/]1 #aiad4 ,hub]t1 ,h4 ,magia1 9 ,d>emb]g-,saglio4 ,hub]t et ,mauss1 ,esquisse d'une ,?orie ,gnrale de la ,magie1 9 ,anne ,sociologique1 #aijb-aijc1 pp4 #a-adf4 ,husik1 ,i4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,m$ieval ,jewi% ,philosophy1 #aiaf4 ,i%ak ibn ,sulaiman1 ,op]a1 #aeae4 ,james1 ,m4 ,r4 ,a ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,mc,clean ,collection ( ,,mss 9 ! ,fitzwilliam ,museum1 #aiab4 ,a ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,,mss 9 ! ,fitzwilliam ,museum1 #ahie4 ,a ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,,mss 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,corpus ,*ri/i ,college1 ,cambridge1 #aiab1 #b vols4 ,a ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,,mss 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,gonville & ,caius ,college1 #aijg-aijh1 #b vols4 ,a ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,,mss 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,pembroke ,college1 #aije4 ,a ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,,mss 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,pet]h\se1 #ahii4 ,a ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,,mss 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge1 #aiac4 ,a ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,,mss 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,sidney ,sussex ,college1 ,cambridge1 #ahie4 ,! ,anci5t ,libr>ies ( ,cant]bury & ,dov]1 #aijc4 ,! ,we/]n ,,mss 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,emmanuel ,college1 #aijd4 ,! ,we/]n ,,mss 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge1 #aijj-aijd1 #d vols4 ,janus1 ,zeits*rift fr ,ges*i*te und ,lit]atur d] ,m$iz91 #ahdf-4 ,j5a] m$iz9-hi/oris*e ,beitrge1 h]ausg4 von ,t4 ,m4 ,/e9eg1 #aiab-4 ,jol1 ,d4 ,d] ,ab]glaube und die ,/ellung des ,jud5?ums zu demselb51 #ahha4 ,john ( ,salisbury1 ,metalogicus1 9 ,migne ,,pl vol4 #aii4 ,polycraticus sive de nugis curialium et ve/igiis philosophorum1 ,ibid4 & also ed4 ,c4 ,c4 ,i4 ,webb1 ,ox=d1 #aiji4 ,joret1 ,les plantes dans l'antiquit et au moy5 ge1 #b vols41 ,p>is1 #ahig & #aijd4 ,j\rda91 ,a4 ,re*]*es critiques sur l'ge et l'orig9e des traductions lat9es d',ari/ote1 ,p>is1 #ahai2 #bnd edition1 #ahdc4 ,j\rda91 ,c4 ,diss]tation sur l'tat de la philosophie naturelle en occid5t et pr9cipalem5t en ,france p5dant la premire moiti du ,x,i,ie sicle1 ,p>is1 #ahch4 ,excursions hi/oriques et philosophiques trav]s le moy5 ge1 ,p>is1 #ahhh4 ,k>p9ski1 ,l4 ,c4 ,h9du ,sci5ce1 9 ,am]ican ,ma!matical ,mon?ly1 ,,xxvi 7#aiai7 pp4 #bih-cjj4 ,rob]t ( ,*e/]'s ,lat9 translation ( ! ,algebra ( al-,kh[>izmi1 ) introduction1 critical notes1 & an ,engli% v]sion1 ,new ,york1 #aiae4 ,! 8,quadrip>titum num]orum0 ( ,john ( ,meurs1 9 ,biblio!ca ,ma!matica1 ,,iii ,folge1 ,,xiii ,bd4 7#aiac7 #ii-aad4 ,kaufmann1 ,a4 ,?omas von ,*antimpr1 ,cologne1 #ahii4 ,k+1 ,c4 ,w4 ,! ,gno/ics & _! ,rema9s1 anci5t & m$ieval1 ,london1 #ahhg4 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory1 anci5t & mod]n1 ( ,preci\s ,/ones & ,gems1 ,london1 #ahee4 ,kopp1 ,h4 ,beitrge zur ,ges*i*te d] ,*emie1 ,brunswick1 #ahfi-ahge4 ,ueb] d5 ,zu/& d] ,naturwiss5s*aft5 im ,mittelalt]1 #ahfi4 ,krets*m]1 ,c4 ,die physis*e ,erdkunde im *ri/li*5 ,mittelalt]1 #ahhi4 ,krumba*]1 ,k4 ,ges*i*te d] byzant9is*5 ,lit]atur1 #ebg-adec ,a4 ,d41 #bnd edition1 ,muni*1 #ahig4 ,kunz1 ,g4 ,f4 ,! ,curi\s ,lore ( ,preci\s ,/ones1 ,philadelphia1 #aiac4 ,magic ( ,jewels & ,*>ms1 ,philadelphia1 #aiae4 ,langlois1 ,*4 ,v4 ,la connaissance de la nature et du monde au moy5 ge d'aprs quelques crits franais l'usage des lacs1 ,p>is1 #aiaa4 ,matre ,b]n>d1 9 ,bibl4 de l'cole des ,*>tes1 ,,liv 7#ahic7 #bbe-ej1 #gie4 ,lau*]t1 ,f4 ,ges*i*te des ,physiologus1 ,/rassburg1 #ahhi4 ,lea1 ,h4 ,c4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,inquisition ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ,new ,york1 #ahhc1 #c vols4 ,le ,brun4 ,hi/oire critique des pratiques sup]/itieuses1 ,am/]dam1 #agcc4 ,lecky1 ,w4 ,e4 ,h4 ,hi/ory ( ,european ,morals f ,augu/us to ,*>lemagne1 #ahgj1 #b vols4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,rise & ,influ5ce ( ! ,_s ( ,rationalism 9 ,europe1 revis$ edition1 ,london1 #ahgj4 ,lehmann1 ,a4 ,ab]glaube und ,zaub]ei von d5 lte/5 ,zeit5 an bis 9 die ,geg5w>t2 deuts*e autorisi]te ,ueb]setzung von ,i4 ,pet]s51 ,/uttg>t1 #aijh4 ,! hi/orical treatm5t is scanty4 ,lem9ne1 ,j4 ,les quatre lm5ts1 9 ,mmoires c\ronns p> l',acadmie ,royale de ,belgique1 vol4 #fe1 ,brussels1 #aijc4 ,lvy1 ,l4 ,g4 ,maimonide1 #aiaa4 ,lie*ty1 ,r4 de4 ,alb]t le ,gr& et sa9t ,?omas d',aqu91 ou la sci5ce au moy5 ge1 ,p>is1 #ahhj4 ,lippmann1 ,e4 ,o4 von4 ,ent/ehung und ,ausbreitung d] ,al*emie1 #aiai4 ,little1 ,a4 ,g4 ,initia op]um ,lat9orum quae saeculis ,,xiii1 ,,xiv1 ,,xv1 attribuuntur1 ,man*e/]1 #aijd4 ed4 ,rog] ,bacon ,essays1 contribut$ by v>i\s writ]s on ! occasion ( ! commemoration ( ! sev5? c5t5>y ( 8 bir?1 ,ox=d1 #aiad4 ed4 ,"p ( ! ,opus ,t]tium ( ,rog] ,bacon1 includ+ a ,fragm5t n[ pr9t$ = ! fir/ "t1 ,ab]de51 #aiab1 9 ,briti% ,society ( ,franciscan ,/udies1 ,,iv4 ,loisy4 ,magie1 sci5ce et religion1 9 propos d'hi/oire des religions1 #aiaa1 p4 #aff;ff4 ,macdonald1 ,d4 ,b4 ,! ,religi\s ,attitude & ,life 9 ,islam1 ,*icago1 #aiji4 ,macray1 ,catalogus codicum ,,mss ,biblio!cae ,bodleianae1 ,v1 ,codices ,rawl9sonianae1 #ahfb-aijj1 #e fascs42 ,,ix1 ,codices ,digbeianae1 #ahhc4 ,mai1 ,a4 ,classici ,auctores1 #ahce4 ,mle1 ,e4 ,religi\s ,art 9 ,france 9 ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury1 translat$ f ! ?ird edition by ,dora ,nussey1 #aiac4 ,m&onnet1 ,p4 ,des crits au!ntiques de ,s4 ,?omas d',aqu91 ,frib\rg1 #aiaj4 ,rog] ,bacon et la composition des trois ,opus1 9 ,revue ,no-,scola/ique1 ,l\va91 #aiac1 pp4 #eb-fh1 #afd-hj4 ,rog] ,bacon et la ,speculum a/ronomiae1 ,ibid41 ,,xvii 7#aiaj7 #cac-ce4 ,sig] de ,brabant et l'av]rosme lat9 au ,x,i,i,ime sicle1 ,frib\rg1 #ahii2 #bnd edition1 ,l\va91 #aijh-aiaj1 #b vols4 ,manget1 ,j4 ,j4 ,biblio!ca ,*emica ,curiosa1 ,g5eva1 #agjb1 #b vols4 ,manitius1 ,max4 ,ges*i*te d] late9is*5 ,lit]atur des ,mittelalt]s1 ,er/] ,teil1 ,von ,ju/9ian bis zur ,mitte des zehnt5 ,jahrhund]ts1 ,muni*1 #aiaa1 9 ,mll]'s ,h&bu* d4 kl4 ,alt4 ,wiss4 ,,ix1 #b1 i4 ,mann1 ,m4 ,f4 ,d] ,be/iaire ,div9 des ,guillaume le ,cl]c1 #ahhh4 ,d] ,physiologus des ,philipp von ,?aon und se9e ,quell51 #ahhd4 ,mappae clavicula1 ed4 ,m4 ,a4 ,way 9 ,ar*aeologia1 ,london1 ,,xxxii 7#ahdg7 #ahc-bdd4 ,maury1 ,alfr$4 ,la magie et l'a/rologie dans l'antiquit et au moy5 ge1 #ahgg4 ,brief z x is1 p]haps ! be/ g5]al hi/ory ( magic4 ,mead1 ,g4 ,r4 ,s4 ,apollonius ( ,tyana2 a critical /udy ( ! only exi/+ record ( 8 life1 #aija4 ,e*oes f ! ,gnosis1 #aijf1 elev5 vols4 ,fragm5ts ( a ,fai? ,=gott51 #aijj4 ,pi/is-,sophia1 n[ = ! fir/ "t ,engli%$1 #ahif4 ,plot9us1 ,select ,works (1 ) preface & bibliography1 #aiji4 ,simon ,magus1 #ahib4 ,?rice ,great ,h]mes1 ,london1 #aijf1 #c vols4 ,m$icae artis pr9cipes po/ ,hippocratem et ,gal5um ,graeci ,lat9itate donati1 ed4 ,/ephanus1 #aefg4 ,m$ici antiqui omnes qui lat9is litt]is 444 ,aldus1 ,v5ice1 #aedg4 ,mly1 ,f4 de et ,ruelle1 ,c4 ,e4 ,les lapidaires de l'antiquit et du moy5 ge1 ,p>is1 #ahif4 ,mly has publi%$ _m o!r works on gems & lapid>ies ( ! pa/4 ,m]rifield1 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,p4 ,anci5t ,practice ( ,pa9t+1 or ,orig9al ,treatises dat+ f ! ,x,i,ith to ,x,v,i,i,ith c5turies on ! arts ( pa9t+1 ,london1 #ahdi4 ,mey]1 ,e4 ,alb]tus ,magnus1 e9 ,beitrag zur ,ges*i*te d] ,botanik im ,,xiii ,jahrhund]t1 9 ,l9naea1 ,x 7#ahcf7 #fda-gda1 ,,xi 7#ahcg7 #ede4 ,mey]1 ,k>l4 ,d] ,ab]glaube des ,mittelalt]s und d] n*/folg5d5 ,jahrhund]te1 ,basel1 #ahef4 ,migne1 ,dictionnaire des ,apocryphes1 ,p>is1 #ahef4 ,see also "u ,abbreviations4 ,millot-,c>p5ti]1 ,la ,mdec9e au ,x,i,i,ie sicle1 9 ,annales ,int]nationales d',hi/oire1 ,congrs de ,p>is1 #aijj1 #e;e ,section1 ,hi/oire des ,sci5ces1 pp4 #aga-if2 a *apt] f a hi/ory ( m$ic9e :i* ! 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"* ( ^? ,greek writ]s 9 physick t fl\ri%$ aft] ,gal5 444 p>ticul>ly t ( ,alex&] ,trallian1 #agcc2 repr9t$ z ,trallianus ,revivisc5s1 #agcd4 ,momms51 ,?4 ed4 ,c4 ,iulii ,sol9i ,collectanea r]um memorabilium1 #ahie4 ,moore1 ,sir ,norman1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,/udy ( ,m$ic9e 9 ! ,briti% ,isles1 #aijh4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,hospital1 ,london1 #aiah1 #b vols4 ,! ,physician 9 ,engli% ,hi/ory1 #aiac4 ,a popul> lecture4 ,muratori1 ,l4 ,a4 ,antiquitates ,italicae m$ii aevi1 ,milan1 #agch-agdb1 #f vols4 ,edition ( #aggh 9 m vols4 ,index1 ,tur91 #ahhe4 ,see also "u ,abbreviations4 ,naud1 ,gabriel4 ,apologie p\r t\s les gr&s p]sonnages qui ont e/ faussem5t s\ponnez de ,magie1 ,p>is1 #afbe4 ,neckam1 ,alex&]4 ,de naturis r]um1 ed4 ,t4 ,wright1 9 ,,rs vol4 #cd1 #ahfc4 ,omont1 ,h4 ,n\velles acquisitions du dp>tm5t des manuscrits p5dant les annes #ahia-aiaj1 ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is4 ,orr1 ,m4 ,a4 7,mrs4 ,john ,ev]%$7 ,dante & ! ,e>ly ,a/ronom]s1 ,london1 #aiac4 ,paet[1 ,l4 ,j4 ,guide to ! ,/udy ( ,m$ieval ,hi/ory1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia ,press1 #aiag4 ,pagel1 ,j4 ,l4 ,die ,concordanciae des ,joannes de ,sancto ,am&o1 #ahid4 ,ges*i*te d] ,m$iz9 im ,mittelalt]1 9 ,pus*mann's ,h&bu* d] ,ges*i*te d] ,m$iz91 ed4 ,neuburg] u4 ,pagel1 ,i 7#aijb7 #fbb-geb4 ,neue litt]>is*e ,beitrge zur mittelalt]li*5 ,m$ic91 ,b]l91 #ahif4 ,pang]l1 ,a4 ,/udi5 b] ,alb]t d5 ,gross51 9 ,zeits*rift fr ka?olis*e ,!ologie1 ,,xxii 7#aiab7 #cjd-df1 #eab-di1 #ghd-hjj4 ,panni]1 ,l4 ,les lapidaires franais du moy5 ge1 ,p>is1 #ahhb4 ,payne1 ,j4 ,f4 ,engli% ,m$ic9e 9 ,anglo-,saxon ,times1 #aijd4 ,! ,relation ( ,h>vey to 8 ,pr$ecessors & especially to ,gal53 ,h>veian oration ( #ahif1 9 ,! ,lancet1 ,oct4 #bd1 #ahif1 #aacf;ff4 ,p]na4 ,artis quam *emiam vocant antiquissimi auctores1 ,basel1 #aegb4 ,p]ri]1 ,t4 ,la mdec9e a/rologique1 ,lyons1 #aije1 #hh pp4 ,slight4 ,petrus de ,prussia4 ,vita ,b4 ,alb]ti ,magni1 #afba4 ,petrus ,hispanus4 ,summa exp]im5torum sive !saurus paup]um1 ,antw]p1 #adig4 ,philips1 ,h4 ,m$ic9e & ,a/rology1 #ahfg4 ,picavet1 ,f4 ,esquisse d'une hi/oire comp>e des philosophies mdivales1 #bnd edition1 ,p>is1 #aijg4 ,pico della ,mir&ola4 ,op]a omnia1 #aeai4 ,pi/is-,sophia1 ed4 ,s*w>tze und ,pet]mann1 ,coptic & ,lat91 #ahea4 ,n[ = ! fir/ "t ,engli%$1 by ,g4 ,r4 ,s4 ,mead1 #ahif4 ,pitra1 ,j4 ,b4 ,analecta novissima1 #ahhe-ahhh4 ,analecta sacra1 #ahgf-ahhb4 ,spicilegium solesm5se1 #aheb-aheh4 ,poisson1 ,?ories et symboles des ,al*imi/es1 ,p>is1 #ahia4 ,poole1 ,r4 ,l4 ,illu/rations ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,m$ieval ,?\ght 9 ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,!ology & ,ecclesia/ical ,politics1 #ahhd2 revis$ edition1 #aibj4 ,! ,ma/]s ( ! ,s*ools at ,p>is & ,*>tres 9 ,john ( ,salisbury's ,"t1 9 ,,ehr ,,xxxv 7#aibj7 #cba-db4 ,p\*et1 ,f4 ,a4 ,hi/oire des sci5ces naturelles au moy5 ge1 ou ,alb]t le ,gr& et son poque considr comme po9t de d"p de l'cole exprim5tale1 ,p>is1 #ahec4 ,ptolemy4 ,quadrip>titum1 #adhd1 & o!r editions4 ,optica1 ed4 ,g4 ,govi1 ,tur91 #ahhe4 ,pucc9otti1 ,f4 ,/oria della ,m$ic9a1 #ahej-ahgj1 #c vols4 ,pus*mann1 ,?4 ,alex&] von ,tralles1 ,orig9altext und ,ueb]setzung neb/ e9] e9leit5d5 ,abh&lung1 ,vi5na1 #ahgh-ahgi4 ,h&bu* d] ,ges*i*te d] ,m$iz91 ,j5a1 #aijb-aije1 #c vols4 ,really a coop]ative "w "u ! editor%ip ( ,max ,neuburg] & ,julius ,pagel aft] ,pus*mann's dea?4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,m$ical ,education f ! mo/ remote to ! mo/ rec5t times1 ,london1 #ahia1 ,engli% translation4 ,quetif1 ,j4 et ,e*>d ,j4 ,scriptores ,ord9is ,pra$icatorum1 ,p>is1 #agai4 ,rambosson1 ,a4 ,hi/oire et lg5des des plantes1 ,p>is1 #ahhg4 ,ra%dall1 ,h4 ed4 ,fratris ,rog]i ,bacon ,comp5dium ,/udii ,!ologiae1 #aiaa4 ,! ,univ]sities ( ,europe 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ,ox=d1 #ahie1 #c vols4 9 #b4 ,rasis 7,muhammad ibn ,zak>iya7 ,op]a1 ,milan1 #adha1 & ,b]gamo1 #adig4 ,regnault1 ,j4 ,la sorcell]ie3 ses rapports avec les sci5ces biologiques1 #ahig1 #cde pp4 ,reitz5/e91 ,r4 ,poim&res1 ,leipzig1 #aijd4 ,r5zi1 ,s4 de4 ,collectio ,sal]nitana1 #aheb-ahei1 #e vols4 ,rose1 ,val5t94 ,anecdota graeca et graeco-lat9a1 ,b]l91 #ahfd4 ,ari/oteles ,de lapidibus und ,arnoldus ,saxo1 9 ,zeits*rift fr deuts*es ,alt]?um1 ,,xviii 7#ahge7 #cba-ddg4 ,ptolemaeus und die ,s*ule von ,tol$o1 9 ,h]mes1 ,,viii 7#ahgd7 #cbg-di4 ed4 ,pl9ii ,secundi ,iunioris de m$ic9a libri tres1 ,leipzig1 #ahge4 ,ueb] die ,m$ic9a ,pl9ii1 9 ,h]mes1 ,,viii 7#ahgd7 #ai-ff4 ,v]zei*nis d] late9is*5 ,h&s*rift5 d] ,k4 ,biblio!k zu ,b]l91 ,b& ,,xii 7#ahic71 ,,xiii 7#aijb-aijc-aije74 ,ruska1 ,j4 ,das ,/e9bu* des ,ari/oteles 444 na* d] arabis*5 ,h&s*rift1 ,heidelb]g1 #aiab4 ,d] diamant 9 d] ,m$iz91 9 ,deuts*e ,gesell4 f4 ,ges*4 d4 ,m$iz4 u4 d4 ,naturwiss41 ,zwanzig ,abh&l4 z4 ,ges*4 d4 ,m$iz41 #aijh4 ,zur lt]5 arabis*5 ,algebra und ,re*5kun/1 ,heidelb]g1 #aiag4 ,rydb]g1 ,v4 ,! ,magic ( ! ,middle ,ages1 #ahgi1 translat$ f ! ,sw$i%4 ,popul>4 ,salv]te1 ,e4 ,des sci5ces occultes1 ou essai sur la magie1 ,p>is1 #ahdc4 ,sn*ez ,prez1 ,j4 ,a4 ,biografz de ,matemticos rabes que floreci]on en ,espaa1 ,madrid1 #aiba4 ,s*anz1 ,m4 ,ges*i*te d] ,rmis*5 ,litt]atur1 ,dritt] ,teil1 ,muni*1 #aije2 ,vi]t] ,teil1 ,er/e ,hlfte1 ,muni*1 #aiad1 9 ,mll]'s ,h&bu* d4 klass4 ,alt4 ,wiss41 ,,viii1 #c4 ,s*epss1 ,g4 ed4 ,priscilliani quae sup]sunt1 #ahhi4 ,s*9dl]4 ,d] ,ab]glaube des ,mittelalt]s1 ,breslau1 #aheh4 ,s*mid1 ,w4 ,die ,na*klassi*e ,p]iode d] ,grie*is*5 ,litt]atur1 #aiac1 9 ,mll]'s ,h&b4 d4 kl4 ,alt4 ,wiss41 ,,vii1 ii1 #b4 ,s*um1 ,w4 ,bes*rieb5des ,v]zei*nis d] ,amplonianis*5 ,h&s*rift5-,sammlung zu ,erfurt1 ,b]l91 #ahhg4 ,sigh>t1 ,j4 ,alb]tus ,magnus3 se9 ,leb5 und se9e ,wiss5s*aft1 ,ratisbon1 #aheg2 ,fr5* translation1 ,p>is1 #ahfb2 p>tial ,engli% translation by ,t4 ,a4 ,dixon1 ,london1 #ahgf4 ,s+]1 ,*>les4 ,e>ly ,engli% ,magic & ,m$ic9e1 #aibj1 #cd pp4 8,sci5ce10 pp4 #ajf-dh 9 8,m$ieval ,contributions to ,mod]n ,civilization10 ed4 ,f4 ,j4 ,c4 ,he>n%aw1 #aiba4 ,/udies 9 ! ,hi/ory & ,me?od ( ,sci5ce1 ,ox=d1 #aiag2 a second volume appe>$ 9 ,may1 #aiba4 ,/app]1 ,ri*>d4 ,pap/ ,johannes ,,xxi1 ,mn/]1 #ahih1 9 ,kir*5ges*4 ,/udi5 h]ausg4 v4 ,dr4 ,knpfl]1 ,,iv1 #d4 ,/eele1 ,r4 ,op]a hact5us in$ita ,rog]i ,baconi1 #aije-aibj4 ,/e9s*neid]1 ,moritz4 ,abraham ibn ,ezra1 9 ,abh&l41 7#ahhj7 #eg-abh4 ,apollonius von ,?yana 7od] ,bal9as7 bei d5 ,arab]n1 9 ,zeits*rift d4 deuts*5 morg5lndis*5 ,gesells*aft1 ,,xlv 7#ahia7 #dci-df4 ,arabis*e ,lapid>i51 ,ibid41 ,,xlix 7#ahie74 ,con/ant9us ,africanus und se9e arabis*5 ,quell51 9 ,vir*['s ,ar*iv fr pa?ologis*e ,anatomie1 etc41 ,b]l91 ,,xxxvii 7#ahff7 #cea-daj4 ,d] ,ab]glaube1 ,hamburg1 #aijj1 #cd pp4 ,die europis*5 ,ueb]setzung5 aus dem ,arabis*5 bis ,mitte des #ag ,jahrhund]ts1 9 ,sitzungsb]i*te d4 kais]l4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss41 ,philos4 ,hi/4 ,klasse1 ,vi5na1 ,,cxlix1 #d 7#aije72 ,,cli1 #a 7#aijf74 ,lapid>i51 e9 culturges*i*tli*] ,v]su*1 9 ,semitic ,/udies 9 memory ( ,rev4 ,dr4 ,alex&] ,kohut1 ,b]l91 #ahig1 pp4 #db-gb4 ,mas*allah1 9 ,zeits*4 d4 deut4 morg5l4 ,gesell41 ,,liii 7#ahii71 #dcd-dj4 ,zum ,speculum a/ronomicum des ,alb]tus ,magnus b] die d>9 angefhrt5 ,s*rift/ell] und ,s*rift51 9 ,zeits*rift fr ,ma!matik und ,physik1 ,leipzig1 ,,xvi 7#ahga7 #ceg-if4 ,zur al*imi/is*5 ,lit]atur d] ,arab]1 9 ,zeits*4 d4 deut4 morg5l4 ,gesell41 ,,lviii 7#aijd7 #bii-cae4 ,zur pseudepigraphis*5 ,lit]atur insbesond]e d] geheim5 ,wiss5s*aft5 des ,mittelalt]s2 aus hebris*5 und arabis*5 ,quell51 ,b]l91 #ahfb4 ,/ephanus1 ,h4 ,m$icae artis pr9cipes po/ ,hippocratem et ,gal5um ,graeci ,lat9itate donati1 et ,lat9i1 #aefg4 ,/runz1 ,franz4 ,ges*i*te d] ,naturwiss5s*aft5 im ,mittelalt]1 ,/uttg>t1 #aiaj1 #abj pp4 ,)\t index or ref]5ces4 ,/udi5 zur ,ges*i*te d] ,m$iz9 h]ausgegeb5 von d] ,pus*mann-,/iftung an d] ,univ]sitt ,leipzig1 #aijg-4 ,sudh(f1 ,k>l4 ,8 v>i\s articles 9 ! =ego+ publication & o!r p]iodicals ( :i* he is an editor lie 9 l>ge measure j outside our p]iod & field1 b "s w be not$ lat] 9 p>ticul> *apt]s4 ,sut]1 ,h4 ,die ,ma!matik] und ,a/ronom5 d] ,arab]1 9 ,abh&l41 ,x 7#aijj7 #a-bgg2 ,,xiv 7#aijb7 #beg-he4 ,die a/ronomis*5 ,tafeln des ,muhamm$ ibn ,musa-al-,khw>izmi1 ,cop5hag51 #aiad4 ,tann]1 ,t4 ,biblio!ca ,britannico-,hib]nica1 ,london1 #agdh4 ,/ill mu* cit$ b l>gely antiquat$ & unreliable4 ,tav5n]1 ,e4 ,/udies 9 ,magic f ,lat9 ,lit]ature1 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 ,taylor1 ,h4 ,o4 ,! ,classical ,h]itage1 #aija4 ,! ,m$ieval ,m9d1 #bnd edition1 #aiad1 #b vols2 #crd edition1 #aiai4 ,!atrum *emicum4 ,see ,zetzn]4 ,!atrum *emicum ,britannicum4 ,see ,a%mole4 ,!ophilus ,presbyt]1 ,s*$ula div]s>um artium1 ed4 ,a4 ,ilg1 ,vi5na1 #ahgd2 ,engli% translation by ,r4 ,h5drie1 ,london1 #ahdg4 ,?omas ( ,cantimpr1 ,bonum univ]sale de apibus1 #aeaf4 ,?ompson1 ,d',arcy ,w4 ,ari/otle z a ,biologi/1 #aiac4 ,gloss>y ( ,greek ,birds1 ,ox=d1 #ahie4 ,hi/oria animalium1 ,ox=d1 #aiaj2 vol4 ,,iv 9 ! ,engli% translation ( ,! ,works ( ,ari/otle edit$ by ,j4 ,a4 ,smi? & ,w4 ,d4 ,ross4 ,?orndike1 ,lynn4 ,adel>d ( ,ba? & ! ,cont9uity ( ,univ]sal ,nature1 9 ,nature1 ,,xciv 7#aiae7 #faf-g4 ,a ,roman ,a/rolog] z a ,hi/orical ,s\rce3 ,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 9 ,classical ,philology1 ,,viii 7#aiac7 #dae-ce4 ,natural ,sci5ce 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 9 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly 7n[ ,! ,sci5tific ,mon?ly71 ,,lxxxvii 7#aiae7 #bga-ia4 ,rog] ,bacon & ,gunp[d]1 9 ,sci5ce1 ,,xlii 7#aiae71 #gii-hjj4 ,rog] ,bacon & ,exp]im5tal ,me?od 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 9 ,! ,philosophical ,review1 ,,xxiii 7#aiad71 #bga-ih4 ,"s ,m$ieval ,conceptions ( ,magic1 9 ,! ,moni/1 ,,xxv 7#aiae71 #ajg-ci4 ,! ,attitude ( ,orig5 & ,augu/9e t[>d ,magic1 9 ,! ,moni/1 ,,xix 7#aijh71 #df-ff4 ,! ,place ( ,magic 9 ! ,intellectual ,hi/ory ( ,europe1 ,columbia ,univ]sity ,press1 #aije4 ,! ,true ,rog] ,bacon1 9 ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,review1 ,,xxi 7#aiaf71 #bcg-eg1 #dfh-hj4 ,tirabos*i4 ,/oria della ,lett]atura ,italiana1 ,mod5a1 #aggb-agie4 ,tis*5dorf1 ,c4 ,acta ,apo/olorum ,apocrypha1 ,leipzig1 #ahea4 ,evangelia ,apocrypha1 ,leipzig1 #ahgf4 ,tply1 ,r4 von4 ,/udi5 zur ,ges*i*te d] ,anatomie im ,mittelalt]1 #ahih4 ,ung]1 ,f4 ,die ,pflanze als ,zaub]mittel1 ,vi5na1 #ahei4 ,vacant1 ,a4 et ,mang5ot1 ,e4 ,dictionnaire de ?ologie ca?olique1 ,p>is1 #aiji-4 ,val5t9elli1 ,j4 ,biblio!ca manuscripta ad ,s4 ,m>ci ,v5eti>um1 ,v5ice1 #ahfh-ahgf1 #f vols4 ,valois1 ,nol4 ,guillaume d',auv]gne1 vque de ,p>is1 #abbh-abdi4 ,sa vie et ses ouvrages1 ,p>is1 #ahhj4 ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais4 ,speculum doctr9ale1 #adgb 7874 ,speculum hi/oriale1 #adgc4 ,speculum naturale1 ,an?4 ,koburg]1 ,nrnb]g1 #adhe4 ,vossius1 ,g4 ,j4 ,de ,univ]sae ,ma!seos natura et con/itutione lib]1 ,am/]dam1 #afej4 ,wal%1 ,j4 ,j4 ,m$ieval ,m$ic9e1 #aibj1 #bba pp4 ,old ,"t ,mak]s ( ,m$ic9e2 ! /ory ( ! /ud5ts & tea*]s ( ! sci5ces relat$ to m$ic9e dur+ ! middle ages1 ,new ,york1 #aiaa4 ,popul>4 ,! ,popes & ,sci5ce1 #aijh4 ,webb1 ,c4 ,c4 ,i4 ,see ,john ( ,salisbury4 ,web/]1 ,hutton4 ,re/ ,days1 #aiaf4 ,w$el1 ,t4 ,c4 ,! ,m$ieval ,attitude t[>d ,a/rology p>ticul>ly 9 ,engl&1 ,yale ,univ]sity ,press1 #aibj4 ,wellmann1 ,max4 ed4 ,dioscorides de mat]ia m$ica1 #aijg1 #aijf4 ,die ,s*rift des ,dioskurides 1 #aiad4 ,:ite1 ,a4 ,d4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,w>f>e ( ,sci5ce ) ,!ology 9 ,*ri/5dom1 ,new ,york1 #ahif1 #b vols4 ,wick]%eim]1 ,erne/4 ,figures mdico-a/rologiques des neuvime1 dixime et onzime sicles1 9 ,transactions ( ! ,sev5te5? ,int]national ,congress ( ,m$ic9e1 ,section ,,xxiii1 ,hi/ory ( ,m$ic9e1 ,london1 #aiac1 p4 #cac ff4 ,william ( ,auv]gne4 ,op]a omnia1 ,v5ice1 #aeia4 ,)+ton1 ,e4 ,t4 ,m$ical ,hi/ory f ! ,e>lie/ ,times1 ,london1 #ahid4 ,wright1 ,?omas4 ,popul> ,treatises on ,sci5ce writt5 dur+ ! middle ages 9 ,anglo-,saxon1 ,anglo-,norman1 & ,engli%1 ,london1 #ahda4 ed4 ,alex&] ,neckam ,de naturis r]um1 9 ,,rs vol4 #cd1 #ahfc4 ,wulf1 ,m4 de4 ,hi/ory ( ,m$ieval ,philosophy1 #aiji1 ,engli% translation4 ,w/5feld1 ,f4 ,ges*i*te d] ,arabis*5 ,a]zte und ,natur=s*]1 ,gtt+51 #ahdj4 ,yule1 ,sir ,h5ry4 ,! ,book ( ,s] ,m>co ,polo1 ?ird edition revis$ by ,h5ri ,cordi]1 #b vols41 ,london1 #aijc4 ,z>ncke1 ,f4 ,d] ,prie/] ,johannes1 9 ,abh&l4 d4 philol4-hi/4 ,classe1 ,kgl4 ,s*s4 ,gesell4 d4 ,wiss41 ,,vii 7#ahgi71 #fbg-ajcj2 ,,viii 7#ahhc71 #a-ahf4 ,zetzn]1 ,l4 ,!atrum *emicum1 #afac-afbb1 #f vols4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,magic ,,& ,,exp]im5tal ,,sci5ce ,,volume ,i ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,magic ,,& ,,exp]im5tal ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,_! ,,relation ,,to ,,*ri/ian ,,?\ght ,,dur+ ,,! ,,fir/ ,,?irte5 ,,c5turies ,,( ,,our ,,era ,,*apt] ,i ,,introduction ,aim ( ?is book--,p]iod cov]$--,h[ to /udy ! hi/ory ( ?\ght--,def9ition ( magic--,magic ( primitive man2 does civilization orig9ate 9 magic8--,div9ation 9 e>ly ,*9a--,magic 9 anci5t ,egypt--,magic & ,egyptian religion--,mortu>y magic--,magic 9 daily life--,p[] ( words1 images1 amulets--,magic 9 ,egyptian m$ic9e--,demons & disease--,magic & sci5ce--,magic & indu/ry--,al*emy--,div9ation & a/rology--,! s\rces = ,assyrian & ,babylonian magic--,0 a/rology ,sum]ian or ,*aldean8--,! numb] sev5 9 e>ly ,babylonia--,incantation texts old] ?an a/rological--,o!r div9ation ?an a/rology--,incantations aga9/ sorc]y & demons--,a specim5 incantation--,mat]ials & devices ( magic--,greek culture n free f magic--,magic 9 my?1 lit]ature1 & hi/ory--,simultane\s increase ( le>n+ & occult sci5ce--,magic orig9 urg$ = ,greek religion & drama--,magic 9 ,greek philosophy--,plato's attitude t[>d magic & a/rology--,ari/otle on />s & spirits--,folk-lore 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,animals--,diff]+ modes ( transmission ( anci5t ori5tal & ,greek lit]ature--,m magical "* ( directly transmitt$ ,greek rema9s--,progress ( sci5ce among ! ,greeks--,ar*im$es & ,ari/otle--,exagg]at$ view ( ! sci5tific a*ievem5t ( ! ,hell5i/ic age--,app5dix ,i4 ,"s works on ,magic1 ,religion1 & ,a/ronomy 9 ,babylonia & ,assyria4 8,magic has exi/$ among all peoples & at e p]iod40--,hegel4#c ,sid5ote3 ,aim ( ?is book4 ,?is book aims to treat ! hi/ory ( magic & exp]im5tal sci5ce & _! relations to ,*ri/ian ?\ght dur+ ! fir/ ?irte5 c5turies ( our era1 ) especial emphasis ^u ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4 ,no adequate survey ( ! hi/ory ( ei!r magic or exp]im5tal sci5ce exi/s = ?is p]iod1 & consid]able use ( manuscript mat]ial has be5 necess>y = ! m$ieval p]iod4 ,magic is "h und]/ood 9 ! broade/ s5se ( ! ^w1 z includ+ all occult arts & sci5ces1 sup]/itions1 & folk-lore4 ,i %all endeavor to ju/ify ?is use ( ! ^w f ! s\rces z ,i proce$4 ,my idea is t magic & exp]im5tal sci5ce h be5 connect$ 9 _! developm5t2 t magicians 7 p]haps ! fir/ to exp]im5t2 & t ! hi/ory ( bo? magic & exp]im5tal sci5ce c be bett] und]/ood by /udy+ !m toge!r4 ,i also desire to make cle>] ?an x has be5 to mo/ s*ol>s ! ,lat9 le>n+ ( ! m$ieval p]iod1 ^: lead+ p]sonalities ev5 are g5]ally inaccurately kn[n1 & on p]haps no "o po9t is illum9ation m ne$$ ?an on t cov]$ by our inve/igation4 ,! subject ( laws aga9/ magic1 popul> practice ( magic1 ! wit*craft delusion & p]secution lie outside ( ! scope ( ?is book4#d ,sid5ote3 ,p]iod cov]$4 ,at fir/ my plan 0 to limit ?is inve/igation to ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 ! "t ( greate/ m$ieval productivity1 b ,i became conv9c$ t ?is p]iod c\ld be be/ und]/ood by view+ x 9 ! sett+ ( ! ,greek1 ,lat91 & e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s to :om x ow$ s mu*4 ,if ! /ud5t ( ! ,byzant9e ,empire ne$s to "k old ,rome1 ! /ud5t ( ! m$ieval *ur* to compreh5d e>ly ,*ri/ianity1 ! /ud5t ( ,romance languages to und]/& ,lat91 /ill m mu/ ! read] ( ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais1 ,guido ,bonatti1 & ,?omas ,aqu9as be famili> ) ! ,pl9y1 ,gal51 & ,ptolemy1 ! ,orig5 & ,augu/9e1 ! ,alk9di & ,albumas> f :om !y drew4 ,x w\ld inde$ be difficult to draw a l9e any:]e betwe5 !m4 ,! anci5t au?ors are g5]ally extant only 9 _! m$ieval =m2 9 "s cases !re is reason to suspect t !y h und]gone alt]ation or addition2 sometimes new works 7 fa!r$ ^u !m4 ,9 any case !y h be5 pres]v$ to u because ! middle ages /udi$ & *]i%$ !m1 & to a great ext5t made !m _! own4 ,i beg9 ) ! fir/ c5tury ( our era1 because ,*ri/ian ?\ght beg9s !n1 & !n appe>$ ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory :i* seems to me ! be/ />t+ po9t ( a survey ( anci5t sci5ce & magic4#e ,i close ) ! ?irte5? c5tury1 or1 m /rictly speak+1 9 ! c\rse ( ! f\rte5?1 because by !n ! m$ieval revival ( le>n+ _h sp5t its =ce4 ,att5tion is c5tr$ on magic & exp]im5tal sci5ce 9 we/]n ,lat9 lit]ature & le>n+1 ,greek & ,arabic works be+ consid]$ z !y contribut$ !reto1 & v]nacul> lit]ature be+ omitt$ z ei!r d]iv$ f ,lat9 works or unle>n$ & unsci5tific4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ to /udy ! hi/ory ( ?\ght4 ,v probably ,i h tri$ to cov] too mu* gr\nd & h made s]i\s omissions4 ,x is probably true t = ! hi/ory ( ?\ght z = ! hi/ory ( art ! evid5ce & s\rce mat]ial is m abundant ?an = political or economic hi/ory4 ,b =tunately x is m reliable1 s9ce ! pursuit ( tru? or beauty does n enc\rage deception & prejudice z does ! pursuit ( weal? or p[]4 ,also ! hi/ory ( ?\ght is m unifi$ & consi/5t1 /eadi] & m regul>1 ?an ! fluctuations & div]sities ( political hi/ory2 & = ?is reason its g5]al outl9es c be disc]n$ ) reasonable sur5ess by ! exam9ation ( ev5 a limit$ numb] ( examples1 provid$ !y are prop]ly select$ f a p]iod ( suffici5t duration4 ,moreov]1 x seems to me t 9 ! pres5t /age ( rese>* into & k ( our subject s\nd] conclusions & ev5 m novel ones c be drawn by a wide comp>ative survey ?an by a m9utely int5sive & exhau/ive /udy ( "o man or ( a few ye>s4 ,! dang] is ( writ+ f too n>r[ a viewpo9t1 magnify+ unduly ! importance ( "s "o man or !ory1 & fail+ to evaluate ! facts 9 _! full hi/orical sett+4 ,no m$ieval writ] :e!r on sci5ce or magic c be und]/ood by himself1 b mu/ be measur$ 9 respect to 8 surr\nd+s & antec$5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,def9ition ( magic4 ,"s may ?9k x /range t ,i associate magic s closely ) ! hi/ory ( ?\ght1 b ! ^w comes f ! ,magi or wise m5 ( ,p]sia or ,babylon1 to ^: lore & practices ! "n 0 appli$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans1 or possibly we may trace its etymology a little f>!r back to ! ,sum]ian or ,turanian ^w imga or unga1 mean+ deep or pr(\nd4 ,! exact mean+ ( ! ^w1 8magic10 0 a matt] ( mu* unc]ta9ty ev5 9 classical & m$ieval times1 z we %all see4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t x 0 !n appli$ n m]ely to an op]ative art1 b also to a mass ( ideas or doctr9e1 & t x repres5t$ a way ( look+ at ! _w4 ,?is side ( magic has sometimes be5 lo/ sight ( 9 ha/y or assum$ mod]n def9itions :i* seem to reg>d magic z m]ely a collection ( rites & feats4 ,9 ! case ( primitive m5 & savages x is possible t little ?\ght accompanies _! actions4 ,b until ^! acts are bas$ ^u or relat$ to "s imag9ative1 purposive1 & rational ?9k+1 ! do+s ( e>ly man _c be di/+ui%$ z ei!r religi\s or sci5tific or magical4 ,beav]s build dams1 birds build ne/s1 ants excavate1 b !y h no magic j z !y h no sci5ce or religion4 ,magic implies a m5tal /ate & s may be view$ f ! /&po9t ( ! hi/ory ( ?\ght4 ,9 process ( "t1 z ! le>n$ & educat$ lo/ fai? 9 magic1 x 0 degrad$ to ! l[ practices & beliefs ( ! ignorant & vulg>4 ,x 0 ?is use ( ! t]m t 0 tak5 up by an?ropologi/s & by !m appli$ to analog\s do+s & notions ( primitive m5 & savages4 ,b we may g too f> 9 reg>d+ magic z a purely social product ( tribal society3 magicians may be1 9 ,sir ,james ,fraz]'s words1#f 8! only pr(essional class0 among ! l[e/ savages1 b note t !y rank z a le>n$ pr(ession f ! />t4 ,x w be *iefly ?r\gh ! writ+s ( le>n$ m5 t some?+ ( _! lat] hi/ory & ( ! gr[? ( int]e/ 9 exp]im5tal sci5ce w be trac$ 9 ?is "w4 ,let me add t 9 ?is inve/igation all arts ( div9ation1 includ+ a/rology1 w be reckon$ z magic2 ,i h be5 q unable to sep>ate ! two ei!r 9 fact or logic1 z ,i %all illu/rate repeat$ly by p>ticul> cases4#g ,sid5ote3 ,magic ( primitive man3 does civilization orig9ate 9 magic8 ,magic is v old1 & x w p]haps be well 9 ?is introductory *apt] to pres5t x to ! read]1 if n 9 its infancy--= its orig9s are mu* disput$ & p]haps antec$e all record & escape all obs]vation--at lea/ "s c5turies be=e its ,roman & m$ieval days4 ,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 9 a passage ( ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh to :i* we h already ref]r$1 rem>ks t 8sorc]]s are f\nd 9 e savage tribe kn[n to u2 & among ! l[e/ savages 444 !y are ! only pr(essional class t exi/s40#h ,l5ormant affirm$ 9 8 ,*aldean ,magic & ,sorc]y#i t 8all magic re/s ^u a sy/em ( religi\s belief10 b rec5t sociologi/s & an?ropologi/s h incl9$ to reg>d magic z old] ?an a belief 9 gods4 ,at any rate "s ( ! mo/ primitive features ( hi/orical religions seem to h orig9at$ f magic4 ,moreov]1 religi\s cults1 rites1 & prie/hoods are n ! only ?+s t h be5 decl>$ inf]ior 9 antiquity to magic & l>gely indebt$ to x = _! orig9s4 ,comb>ieu 9 8 ,music & ,magic#aj ass]ts t ! incantation is univ]sally employ$ 9 all ! circum/ances ( primitive life & t f x1 by ! m$ium x is true ( religi\s poetry1 all mod]n music has develop$4 ,! magic incantation is1 9 %ort1 8! olde/ fact 9 ! hi/ory ( civilization40 ,al?\gh ! magician *ants )\t ?\ght ( /hetic =m or an arti/ically appreciative audi5ce1 yet 8 spell conta9s 9 embryo all t lat] con/itutes ! art ( music4#aa ,m4 ,paul ,huvel91 aft] ass]t+ ) simil> confid5ce t poetry1#ab ! pla/ic arts1#ac m$ic9e1 ma!matics1 a/ronomy1 & *emi/ry 8h easily disc]nable magic s\rces10 /ates t he w demon/rate t ! same is true ( law4#ad ,v rec5tly1 h[ev]1 !re has be5 some?+ ( a reaction aga9/ ?is t5d5cy to reg>d ! life ( primitive man z made up entirely ( magic & to trace back e phase ( civilization to a magical orig94 ,b ,r4 ,r4 ,m>ett /ill sees a high] /&>d ( value 9 primitive man's magic ?an 9 8 w>f>e & brutal exploitation ( 8 fell[s & believes t ! 8high] plane ( exp]i5ce = :i* mana /&s is "o 9 :i* spiritual enl>gem5t is appreciat$ = its own sake40#ae ,sid5ote3 ,div9ation 9 e>ly ,*9a4 ,( ! five classics includ$ 9 ! ,confucian ,canon1 ,! ,book ( ,*anges 7,i ,*+ or ,yi-,k+71 reg>d$ by "s z ! olde/ "w 9 ,*9ese lit]ature & dat$ back z e>ly z #cjjj ,b4,c41 9 its rudim5t>y =m appe>s to h be5 a me?od ( div9ation by means ( eight possible comb9ations 9 triplets ( a l9e & a brok5 l9e4 ,?us1 if a be a l9e & b a brok5 l9e1 we may h aaa1 bbb1 aab1 bba1 abb1 baa1 aba1 & bab4 ,possibly !re is a connection ) ! use ( knott$ cords :i*1 ,*9ese writ]s /ate1 prec$$ writt5 *>act]s1 l ! me?od us$ 9 anci5t ,p]u4 ,m c]ta9 w\ld seem ! resemblance to ! m$ieval me?od ( div9ation kn[n z geomancy1 :i* we %all enc\nt] lat] 9 our ,lat9 au?ors4 ,magic & a/rology might1 ( c\rse1 be trac$ all ?r\gh ,*9ese hi/ory & lit]ature4 ,b1 cont5t+ ourselves ) ?is s+le example ( ! antiquity ( su* arts 9 ! civilization ( ! f> ea/1 let u turn to o!r anci5t cultures :i* _h a clos] & m unmi/akable influ5ce ^u ! we/]n _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic 9 anci5t ,egypt4 ,( ! anci5t ,egyptians ,budge writes1 8,! belief 9 magic influ5c$ _! m9ds 444 f ! e>lie/ to ! late/ p]iod ( _! hi/ory 444 9 a mann] :i*1 at ?is /age 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 is v difficult to und]/&40#af ,to ! ord9>y hi/orical /ud5t ! evid5ce = ?is ass]tion does n seem q s ov]:elm+ z ! ,egyptologi/s w\ld h u ?9k4 ,x looks ?9n] :5 we beg9 to spread x out ov] a /ret* ( f\r ?\s& ye>s1 & x sc>cely seems sci5tific to adduce details f m$ieval ,arabic tales or f ! late ,greek fiction ( ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es or f papyri ( ! ,*ri/ian era conc]n+ ! magic ( e>ly ,egypt4 ,& x may be que/ion$ :e!r two /ories pres]v$ 9 ! ,we/c> papyrus1 writt5 _m c5turies aft]w>ds1 are alone 8suffici5t to prove t already 9 ! ,f\r? ,dyna/y ! work+ ( magic 0 a recogniz$ art among ! ,egyptians40#ag ,sid5ote3 ,magic & ,egyptian religion4 ,at any rate we are told t ! belief 9 magic n only 0 pr$yna/ic & prehi/oric1 b 0 8old] 9 ,egypt ?an ! belief 9 ,god40#ah ,9 ! lat] religion ( ! ,egyptians1 along ) m l(ty & intellectual conceptions1 magic 0 /ill a pr9cipal +r$i5t4#ai ,_! my?ology 0 affect$ by x#bj & !y n only combat$ demons ) magical =mulae b believ$ t !y c\ld t]rify & co]ce ! v gods by ! same me?od1 compell+ !m to appe>1 to violate ! c\rse ( nature by miracles1 or to admit ! human s\l to an equality ) !mselves4#ba ,sid5ote3 ,mortu>y magic4 ,magic 0 z ess5tial 9 ! future life z "h on e>? among ! liv+4 ,_m1 if n mo/1 ( ! obs]vances & objects connect$ ) embalm+ & burial _h a magic purpose or mode ( op]ation2 = in/ance1 ! 8magic eyes plac$ ov] ! op5+ 9 ! side ( ! body ?r\gh :i* ! embalm] remov$ ! inte/9es10#bb or ! mannik9s & models ( h\ses buri$ ) ! dead4 ,9 ! process ( embalm+ ! wrapp+ ( ea* b&age 0 accompani$ by ! utt]ance ( magic words4#bc ,9 8! olde/ *apt] ( human ?\ght extant0--! ,pyramid ,texts writt5 9 hi]oglyphic at ! tombs at ,sakk>a ( ,ph>aohs ( ! fif? & six? dyna/ies 7c4 #bfbe-bdge ,b4,c471 magic is s manife/ t "s h av]r$ 8t ! :ole body ( ,pyramid ,texts is simply a collection ( magical *>ms40#bd ,! sc5es & objects pa9t$ on ! walls ( ! tombs1 su* z ^? ( nobles 9 ! fif? & six? dyna/ies1 7 employ$ ) magic int5t & 7 meant to be realiz$ 9 ! future life2 & ) ! twelf? dyna/y ! ,egyptians began to pa9t on ! insides ( ! c(f9s ! objects t 7 =m]ly actually plac$ )94#be ,"u ! ,empire ! fam\s ,book ( ! ,dead is a collection ( magic pictures1 *>ms1 & incantations = ! use ( ! deceas$ 9 ! h]eaft]1#bf & :ile x is n ( ! e>ly p]iod1 we he> t 8a book ) words ( magic p[]0 0 buri$ ) a ph>aoh ( ! ,old ,k+dom4 ,budge has 8no d\bt t ! object ( e religi\s text ev] writt5 on tomb1 /ele1 amulet1 c(f91 papyrus1 etc41 0 to br+ ! gods "u ! p[] ( ! deceas$1 s t he might be able to compel !m to d 8 w40#bg ,brea/$1 on ! o!r h&1 ?9ks t ! am\nt & complexity ( ?is mortu>y magic increas$ greatly 9 ! lat] p]iod "u popul> & prie/ly influ5ce4#bh ,sid5ote3 ,magic 9 daily life4 ,brea/$ nev]!less believes t magic _h play$ a great "p 9 daily life ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\rse ( ,egyptian hi/ory4 ,he writes1 8,x is difficult = ! mod]n m9d to und]/& h[ completely ! belief 9 magic p5etrat$ ! :ole sub/ance ( life1 dom9at+ popul> cu/om & con/antly appe>+ 9 ! simple/ acts ( ! daily h\sehold r\t9e1 z mu* a matt] ( c\rse z sleep or ! prep>ation ( food4 ,x con/itut$ ! v atmosph]e 9 :i* ! m5 ( ! e>ly ori5tal _w liv$4 ,)\t ! sav+ & salut>y influ5ce ( su* magical ag5cies con/antly invok$1 ! life ( an anci5t h\sehold 9 ! ,ea/ 0 un?9kable40#bi ,sid5ote3 ,p[] ( words1 images1 amulets4 ,mo/ ( ! ma9 features & v>ieties ( magic kn[n to u at o!r times & places appe> some:]e 9 ! c\rse ( ,egypt's long hi/ory4 ,= "o ?+ we f9d ! ascription ( magic p[] to words & names4 ,! p[] ( words1 says ,budge1 0 ?\ght to be practically unlimit$1 & 8! ,egyptians invok$ _! aid 9 ! smalle/ z well z 9 ! greate/ ev5ts ( _! life40#cj ,words might be spok51 9 :i* case !y 8mu/ be utt]$ 9 a prop] tone ( voice by a duly qualifi$ man10 or !y might be writt51 9 :i* case ! mat]ial ^u :i* !y 7 writt5 might be ( importance4#ca ,9 speak+ ( mortu>y magic we h already not$ ! employm5t ( pictures1 models1 mannik9s1 & o!r images1 figures1 & objects4 ,wax figures 7 also us$ 9 sorc]y1#cb & amulets are f\nd f ! fir/1 al?\gh _! p>ticul> =ms seem to h alt]$ ) diff]5t p]iods4#cc ,sc>abs are ( c\rse ! mo/ famili> example4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic 9 ,egyptian m$ic9e4 ,egyptian m$ic9e 0 full ( magic & ritual & its !rapeusis consi/$ ma9ly ( 8collections ( incantations & weird r&om mixtures ( roots & refuse40#cd ,already we f9d ! recipe & ! occult virtue conceptions1 ! elaborate polyph>macy & ! accompany+ hocus-pocus :i* we %all meet 9 ,pl9y & ! middle ages4 ,! ,egyptian doctors us$ h]bs f o!r c\ntries & pref]r$ comp\nd m$ic9es conta9+ a doz5 +r$i5ts to simple m$ic9es4#ce ,already we f9d su* magic logic z t ! hair ( a black calf w keep "o f gr[+ gray4#cf ,already ! p>ts ( animals are a favorite +r$i5t 9 m$ical comp\nds1 especially ^? connect$ ) ! organs ( g5]ation1 on :i* acc\nt !y 7 presumably look$ ^u z life-giv+1 or ^? :i* 7 recomm5d$ ma9ly by _! na/9ess & 7 probably ?\ght to expel ! demons ( disease by _! disagreeable prop]ties4 ,sid5ote3 ,demons & disease4 ,9 anci5t ,egypt1 h[ev]1 disease seems n to h be5 id5tifi$ ) possession by demons to ! ext5t t x 0 9 anci5t ,assyria & ,babylonia4 ,:ile ,brea/$ ass]ts t 8disease 0 due to ho/ile spirits & aga9/ ^! only magic c\ld avail10#cg ,budge cont5ts himself ) ! m cauti\s /atem5t t !re is 8good reason = ?9k+ t "s diseases 7 attribut$ to 444 evil spirits 444 ent]+ 444 human bodies 444 b ! texts d n af=d mu* in=mation0#ch on ?is po9t4 ,c]ta9ly ! beliefs 9 evil spirits & 9 magic d n always h to g toge!r1 & magic might be employ$ aga9/ disease :e!r or n x 0 ascrib$ to a demon4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic & sci5ce4 ,9 ! case ( m$ic9e z 9 t ( religion ,brea/$ takes ! view t ! am\nt ( magic became great] 9 ! ,middle & ,new ,k+doms ?an 9 ! ,old ,k+dom4 ,?is is true s f> z ! am\nt ( space occupi$ by x 9 extant records is conc]n$4 ,b x w\ld be ra% to assume t ?is m>ks a decl9e f a m rational & sci5tific attitude 9 ! ,old ,k+dom4 ,yet ,brea/$ r gives ?is impression :5 he writes conc]n+ ! ,old ,k+dom t _m ( its recipes 7 useful & rational1 t 8m$ic9e 0 already 9 ! possession ( mu* empirical wisdom1 display+ close & accurate obs]vation10 & t :at 8preclud$ any progress t[>d real sci5ce 0 ! belief 9 magic1 :i* lat] began to dom9ate all ! practice ( ! physician40#ci ,b]!lot probably places ! emphasis m correctly :5 he /ates t ! lat] m$ical papyri 8include traditional recipes1 f\nd$ on an empiricism :i* is n always correct1 my/ic rem$ies1 bas$ ^u ! mo/ biz>re analogies1 & magic practices t date back to ! remote/ antiquity40#dj ,! rec5t ef=ts ( ,se! & ,wilck51 ( ,elliot ,smi?1 ,mll]1 & ,hoot5 to %[ t ! anci5t ,egyptians possess$ a consid]able am\nt ( m$ical k & ( surgical & d5tal skill1 h be5 held by ,todd to re/ on slight & dubi\s evid5ce4 ,inde$1 "s ( ?is evid5ce seems r to sugge/ ! rituali/ic practices /ill employ$ by unciviliz$ ,african tribes4 ,c]ta9ly ! evid5ce = any real sci5tific developm5t 9 anci5t ,egypt has be5 v meag] comp>$ ) ! abundant indications ( ! preval5ce ( magic4#da ,sid5ote3 ,magic & indu/ry4 ,e>ly ,egypt 0 ! home ( _m arts & indu/ries1 b n 9 s advanc$ a /age z has sometimes be5 sugge/$4 ,bl[n glass1 = example1 0 unkn[n until late ,greek & ,roman times1 & ! suppos$ glass-bl[]s depict$ on ! e>ly monum5ts are really smi?s engag$ 9 /irr+ _! fires by bl[+ ?r\gh re$s tipp$ ) clay4#db ,on ! o!r h&1 ,pr(essor ,brea/$ in=ms me t !re is no basis = ,b]!lot's /atem5t t 8e sort ( *emical process z well z m$ical treatm5t 0 execut$ ) an accompanim5t ( religi\s =mulae1 ( pray]s & incantations1 reg>d$ z ess5tial to ! success ( op]ations z well z ! cure ( maladies40#dc ,sid5ote3 ,al*emy4 ,al*emy p]haps orig9at$ on ! "o h& f ! practices ( ,egyptian goldsmi?s & work]s 9 metals1 :o exp]im5t$ ) alloys1#dd & on ! o!r h& f ! !ories ( ! ,greek philosoph]s conc]n+ _w-gr\nds1 fir/ matt]1 & ! elem5ts4#de ,! words1 al*emy & *emi/ry1 are d]iv$ ultimately f ! "n ( ,egypt itself1 ,kamt or ,qemt1 mean+ lit]ally black1 & appli$ to ! ,nile mud4 ,! ^w 0 also appli$ to ! black p[d] produc$ by quicksilv] 9 ,egyptian metallurgical processes4 ,?is p[d]1 ,budge says1 0 suppos$ to be ! gr\nd ( all metals & to possess m>vel\s virtue1 8& 0 my/ically id5tifi$ ) ! body :i* ,osiris possess$ 9 ! und]world1 & bo? 7 ?\ght to be s\rces ( life & p[]40#df ,! analogy to ! sacram5t ( ! mass & ! m>vel\s p[]s ascrib$ to ! ho/ by m$ieval prea*]s l ,/eph5 ( ,b\rbon sc>cely ne$s rem>k4 ,! lat] writ]s on al*emy 9 ,greek appe> to h borr[$ signs & phraseology f ! ,egyptian prie/s1 & are fond ( speak+ ( _! art z ! monopoly ( ,egyptian k+s & prie/s :o c>v$ its secrets on anci5t /eles & obelisks4 ,9 a treatise dat+ f ! twelf? dyna/y a scribe recomm5ds to 8 son a "w entitl$ ,*emi1 b !re is no pro( t x 0 conc]n$ ) *emi/ry or al*emy4#dg ,! papyri conta9+ treatises ( al*emy are ( ! ?ird c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,sid5ote3 ,div9ation & a/rology4 ,evid5ces ( div9ation 9 g5]al & ( a/rology 9 p>ticul> d n appe> z e>ly 9 ,egyptian records z examples ( o!r v>ieties ( magic4 ,yet ! e>ly date at :i* ,egypt _h a cal5d> sugge/s a/ronomical int]e/1 & ev5 ^? :o d5y t sev5 planets 7 di/+ui%$ 9 ! ,tigris-,euphrates ,valley until ! la/ mill5nium be=e ,*ri/1 admit t !y 7 kn[n 9 ,egypt z f> back z ! ,old ,k+dom1 al?\gh !y d5y ! exi/5ce ( a sci5ce ( a/ronomy or an art ( a/rology !n4#dh ,a dream ( ,?otmes ,,iv is pres]v$ f #adej ,b4,c4 or !reab\ts1 & ! incantations employ$ by magicians 9 ord] to procure div9+ dreams = _! cu/om]s atte/ ! close connection ( div9ation & magic4#di ,belief 9 lucky & unlucky days is %[n 9 a papyrus cal5d> ( ab\t #acjj ,b4,c41#ej & we %all see lat] t 8,egyptian ,days0 cont9u$ to be a favorite sup]/ition ( ! middle ages4 ,tables ( ! ris+s ( />s :i* may h an a/rological significance h be5 f\nd 9 graves1 & !re 7 gods = e mon?1 e day ( ! mon?1 & e h\r ( ! day4#ea ,su* numb]s z sev5 & twelve are frequ5tly emphasiz$ 9 ! tombs & else:]e1 & if ! vault$ ceil+ 9 ! t5? *amb] ( ! tomb ( ,se?os is really ( 8 "t1 we seem to f9d ! signs ( ! zodiac "u ! n9ete5? dyna/y4 ,if ,boll is correct 9 sugge/+ t ! zodiac orig9at$ 9 ! transf] ( animal gods to ! sky1#eb no fitt] place ?an ,egypt c\ld be f\nd = ! transf]4 ,b !re h n yet be5 discov]$ 9 ,egypt li/s ( om5s & appe>ances ( con/ellations on days ( disa/] su* z are f\nd 9 ! lit]ature ( ! ,tigris-,euphrates valley & 9 ! ,roman hi/orians4 ,budge speaks ( ! sev5 ,ha?or goddesses :o pr$ict ! dea? t ! infant mu/ "s "t die1 & affirms t 8! ,egyptians believ$ t a man's fate 444 0 decid$ be=e he 0 born1 & t he _h no p[] to alt] x40#ec ,b ,i _c agree t 8we h good reason = assign+ ! bir?place ( ! horoscope to ,egypt10#ed s9ce ! evid5ce seems to be limit$ to ! almo/ m$ieval ,pseudo-,calli/h5es & a ,greek horoscope 9 ! ,briti% ,museum to :i* is atta*$ ! lett] ( an a/rolog] urg+ 8 pupil to /udy ! anci5t ,egyptians c>efully4 ,! lat] ,greek & ,lat9 tradition t a/rology 0 ! inv5tion ( ! div9e m5 ( ,egypt & ,babylon probably has a basis ( fact1 b m contempor>y evid5ce is ne$$ if ,egypt is to conte/ ! claim ( ,babylon to prec$5ce 9 t art4 ,sid5ote3 ,! s\rces = ,assyrian & ,babylonian magic4 ,9 ! writt5 rema9s ( ,babylonian & ,assyrian civilization#ee ! magic cunei=m tablets play a l>ge "p & give u ! impression t fe> ( demons 0 a lead+ feature ( ,assyrian & ,babylonian religion & t daily ?\ght & life 7 con/antly affect$ by magic4 ,! bulk ( ! religi\s & magical texts are pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ,assurbanipal1 k+ ( ,assyria f #ffh to #fbf ,b4,c4 ,b he collect$ 8 libr>y f ! anci5t temple cities1 ! scribes tell u t !y are copy+ v anci5t texts1 & ! ,sum]ian language is /ill l>gely employ$4#ef ,eridu1 "o ( ! ma9 c5t]s ( e>ly ,sum]ian culture1 80 an immemorial home ( anci5t wisdom1 t is to say1 magic40#eg ,x is1 h[ev]1 difficult 9 ! libr>y ( ,assurbanipal to di/+ui% :at is ,babylonian f :at is ,assyrian or :at is ,sum]ian f :at is ,semitic4 ,?us we are told t 8) ! exception ( "s v anci5t texts1 ! ,sum]ian lit]ature1 consi/+ l>gely ( religi\s mat]ial su* z hymns & incantations1 %[s a numb] ( ,semitic loanwords & grammatical ,semitisms1 & 9 _m cases1 al?\gh n always1 is q pat5tly a translation ( ,semitic ideas by ,semitic prie/s into ! =mal religi\s ,sum]ian language40#eh ,sid5ote3 ,0 a/rology ,sum]ian or ,*aldean8 ,! *ief po9t 9 dispute1 ov] :i* great controv]sy has tak5 place rec5tly among ,g]man s*ol>s1 is z to ! antiquity ( bo? a/ronomical k & a/rological doctr9e1 includ+ a/ral !ology1 among ! dwell]s 9 ! ,tigris-,euphrates region4 ,briefly1 su* writ]s z ,w9ckl]1 ,/ck51 & ,j]emias held t ! religion ( ! e>ly ,babylonians 0 l>gely bas$ on a/rology & t all _! ?\ght 0 p]meat$ by x1 & t !y _h probably by an e>ly date made a/ronomical obs]vations & acquir$ a/ronomical k :i* 0 lo/ 9 ! decl9e ( _! culture4 ,oppos+ ?is view1 su* s*ol>s z ,kugl]1 ,bezold1 ,boll1 & ,s*iap>elli h %[n ! lack ( c]ta9 evid5ce = ei!r any consid]able a/ronomical k or a/rological !ory 9 ! ,tigris-,euphrates ,valley until ! late appe>ance ( ! ,*aldeans4 ,x is ev5 d5i$ t ! sev5 planets 7 di/+ui%$ 9 ! e>ly p]iod1 mu* less ! signs ( ! zodiac or ! planet>y week1#ei :i* la/1 toge!r ) any real advance 9 a/ronomy1 is res]v$ = ! ,hell5i/ic p]iod4 ,sid5ote3 ,! numb] sev5 9 e>ly ,babylonia4 ,yet ! prom95ce ( ! numb] sev5 9 my?1 religion1 & magic is indisputable 9 ! ?ird mill5nium be=e our era4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! old ,babylonian epic ( creation !re are sev5 w9ds1 sev5 spirits ( /orms1 sev5 evil diseases1 sev5 divisions ( ! und]world clos$ by sev5 doors1 sev5 zones ( ! upp] _w & sky1 & s on4 ,we are told1 h[ev]1 t ! /ag$ t[]s ( ,babylonia1 :i* are said to h symboliz$ = mill5niums ! sacr$ ,hebdomad1 did n always h sev5 /ages4#fj ,b ! numb] sev5 0 und\bt$ly ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 ( a sacr$ & my/ic "*1 & virtue & p]fection 7 ascrib$ to x4 ,& no "o has succe$$ 9 giv+ any satisfactory explanation = ?is o!r ?an ! rule ( ! sev5 planets ov] our _w4 ,?is also applies to ! sanctity ( ! numb] sev5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t#fa & ! emphasis ^u x 9 ,hesiod1 ! ,odyssey1 & o!r e>ly ,greek s\rces4#fb ,sid5ote3 ,incantation texts old] ?an ! a/rological4 ,h[ev] t may be1 ! t5d5cy prevail+ at pres5t is to reg>d a/rology z a relatively late developm5t introduc$ by ! ,semitic ,*aldeans4 ,l5ormant held t writ+ & magic 7 a ,turanian or ,sum]ian 7,accadian7 contribution to ,babylonian civilization1 b t a/ronomy & a/rology 7 ,semitic innovations4 ,ja/r[ ?9ks t !re 0 slight diff]5ce betwe5 ! religion ( ,assyria & t ( ,babylonia1 & t a/ral !ology play$ a great "p 9 bo?2 b he grants t ! old] incantation texts are less influ5c$ by ?is a/ral !ology4 ,l4 ,w4 ,k+ says1 8,magic & div9ation bulk l>gely 9 ! texts recov]$1 & 9 _! case !re is no?+ to sugge/ an und]ly+ a/rological elem5t40#fc ,sid5ote3 ,o!r div9ation ?an a/rology4 ,:atev] its date & orig91 ! magic lit]ature may be classifi$ 9 ?ree ma9 gr\ps4 ,!re are ! a/rological texts 9 :i* ! />s are look$ ^u z gods & pr$ictions are made especially = ! k+4#fd ,!n !re are ! tablets connect$ ) o!r me?ods ( =etell+ ! future1 especially liv] div9ation1 al?\gh int]pretation ( dreams1 augury1 & div9ation by mix+ oil & wat] 7 also practic$4#fe ,fossey has fur!r not$ ! close connection ( op]ative magic ) div9ation among ! ,assyrians1 & calls div9ation 8! indisp5sable auxili>y ( magic40 ,_m feats ( magic imply a prec$5t k ( ! future or beg9 by consultation ( a div9]1 or a favorable day & h\r %\ld be *os5 = ! magic rite4#ff ,sid5ote3 ,incantations aga9/ sorc]y & demons4 ,?ird1 !re are ! collections ( incantations1 n h[ev] ^? employ$ by ! sorc]]s1 :i* 7 presumably illicit & h5ce n publicly pres]v$--9 an incantation :i* we %all soon quote sorc]y is call$ evil & is said to employ 8impure ?+s0--b r def5sive measures aga9/ !m & exorcisms ( evil demons4#fg ,b d\btless ?is c\nt] magic reflects ! orig9al proc$ure to a great ext5t4 ,inasmu* z diseases g5]ally 7 reg>d$ z due to demons1 :o _h to be exorciz$ by incantations1 m$ic9e 0 simply a bran* ( magic4 ,evil spirits 7 also held responsible = di/urbances 9 nature1 & frequ5t incantations 7 ?\ght necess>y to keep !m f upsett+ ! natural ord] entirely4#fh ,! v>i\s incantations are arrang$ 9 s]ies ( tablets3 ! ,maklu or burn+1 ,ti'i or heada*es1 ,asakki m>sti or fev]1 ,lab>tu or hag-demon1 & ,nis kati or rais+ ( ! h&4 ,besides ^! tablets !re are num]\s c]emonial & m$ical texts :i* conta9 magical practice4#fi ,also hymns ( praise & religi\s epics :i* at fir/ sight "o w\ld n classify z incantations seem to h _h _! magical uses1 & ,f>nell sugge/s t 8a magic orig9 = ! practice ( !ological exegesis may be obscurely trac$40#gj ,good spirits are repres5t$ z employ+ magic & exorcisms aga9/ ! demons4#ga ,z a la/ resort :5 good spirits z well z human magic _h fail$ to *eck ! demons1 ! aid might be requisition$ ( ! god ,ea1 reg>d$ z ! repository ( all sci5ce & :o 8alone 0 possess$ ( ! magic secrets by means ( :i* !y c\ld be conqu]$ & repuls$40#gb ,sid5ote3 ,a specim5 incantation4 ,! incantations !mselves %[ t o!r factors ?an ! p[] ( words ent]$ into ! magic1 z may be illu/rat$ by quot+ "o ( !m4 8,arise ye great gods1 he> my compla9t1 ,grant me ju/ice1 take cognizance ( my condition4 ,i h made an image ( my sorc]] & sorc]ess2 ,i h humbl$ myself be=e y & br+ to y my cause1 ,because ( ! evil !y h done1 ,( ! impure ?+s :i* !y h h&l$4 ,may %e die6 ,let me live6 ,may h] *>m1 h] wit*craft1 h] sorc]y be brok54 ,may ! pluck$ sprig ( ! b9u tree purify me2 ,may x release me2 may ! evil odor ( my m\? be scatt]$ to ! w9ds4 ,may ! ma%takal h]b :i* fills ! e>? cleanse me4 ,be=e y let me %9e l ! kankal h]b1 ,let me be brilliant & pure z ! l>du h]b4 ,! *>m ( ! sorc]ess is evil2 ,may h] words return to h] m\?1 h] tongue be cut (f4 ,because ( h] wit*craft may ! gods ( night smite h]1 ,! ?ree wat*es ( ! night break h] evil *>m4 ,may h] m\? be wax2 h] tongue1 honey4 ,may ! ^w caus+ my mis=tune t %e has spok5 dissolve l wax4 ,may ! *>m %e _h w\nd up melt l honey1 ,s t h] magic knot be cut 9 twa91 h] "w de/roy$40#gc ,sid5ote3 ,mat]ials & devices employ$ 9 ! magic4 ,x is evid5t f ?is incantation t use 0 made ( magic images & knots1 & ( ! prop]ties ( trees & h]bs4 ,magic images 7 made ( clay1 wax1 tall[1 & o!r sub/ances & 7 employ$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,?us directions are giv5 = mak+ a tall[ image ( an enemy ( ! k+ & b9d+ its face ) a cord 9 ord] to deprive ! p]son :om x repres5ts ( spee* & willp[]4#gd ,images 7 also con/ruct$ 9 ord] t disease demons might be magically transf]r$ into !m1#ge & sometimes ! images are sla9 & buri$4#gf ,9 ! above incantation ! magic knot 0 employ$ only by ! sorc]ess1 b ,fossey /ates t knots 7 also us$ z c\nt]-*>ms aga9/ ! demons4#gg ,9 ! above incantation ! names ( h]bs 7 left untranslat$ & x is n possible to say mu* conc]n+ ! ph>macy ( ! ,assyrians & ,babylonians because ( our lack ( a lexicon = _! botanical & m9]alogical t]m9ology4#gh ,h[ev]1 f :at s*ol>s h be5 able to translate x appe>s t common r ?an r>e & outl&i% sub/ances 7 ! ones mo/ employ$4 ,w9e & oil1 salt & dates1 & onions & saliva are ! sort ( ?+s us$4 ,!re is also evid5ce ( ! employm5t ( a magic w&4#gi ,gems & animal sub/ances 7 us$ z well z h]bs2 all sorts ( philt]s 7 concoct$2 & v>i$ rites & c]emonies 7 employ$ su* z ablutions & fumigations4 ,9 ! acc\nt ( ! ark ( ! ,babylonian ,noah we are told ( ! magic significance ( its v>i\s p>ts2 ?us ! ma/ & cab9 ceil+ 7 made ( c$>1 a wood t c\nt]acts sorc]ies4#hj ,sid5ote3 ,greek culture n free f magic4 ,"o rem>kable coroll>y ( ! s-call$ ,italian ,r5aissance or ,humani/ic movem5t at ! close ( ! middle ages ) its too exclusive glorification ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome has be5 ! /range notion t ! anci5t ,hell5es 7 unusually free f magic comp>$ ) o!r p]iods & peoples4 ,x w\ld h be5 too mu* to claim any su* immunity = ! primitive ,romans1 ^: entire religion 0 orig9ally little else ?an magic & ^: daily life1 public & private1 0 h$g$ 9 by sup]/iti\s obs]vances & fe>s4 ,b !y1 too1 7 suppos$ to h ris5 lat] "u ! influ5ce ( ,hell5ic culture to a m enlight5$ /age1#ha only to relapse aga9 into magic 9 ! decl9+ empire & middle ages "u ori5tal influ5ce4 ,incid5tally let me add t ?is notion t 9 ! pa/ ori5tals 7 m sup]/iti\s & fond ( m>vels ?an we/]n]s 9 ! same /age ( civilization & t ! ori5t mu/ ne$s be ! s\rce ( e sup]/iti\s cult & romantic tale is a glib assumption :i* ,i d n int5d to make & :i* our subsequ5t inve/igation w sc>cely sub/antiate4 ,b to return to ! suppos$ immunity ( ! ,hell5es f magic2 s f> has ?is hypo!sis be5 c>ri$ t textual critics h repeat$ly reject$ passages z lat] int]polations or ev5 call$ entire treatises spuri\s = no o!r reason ?an t !y seem$ to !m too sup]/iti\s = a reputable classical au?or4 ,ev5 s specializ$ & rec5t a /ud5t ( anci5t a/rology1 sup]/ition1 & religion z ,cumont /ill cl+s to ?is dubi\s g5]alization & affirms t 8! limpid ,hell5ic g5ius always turn$ away f ! mi/y speculations ( magic40#hb ,b1 z ,i sugge/$ "s sixte5 ye>s s9ce1 8! fanta/icalness ( m$ieval sci5ce 0 due to #8! cle> light ( ,hellas' z well z to ! gloom ( ! #8d>k ages4'0#hc ,sid5ote3 ,magic 9 my?1 lit]ature1 & hi/ory4 ,x is n difficult to call to m9d evid5ce ( ! pres5ce ( magic 9 ,hell5ic religion1 lit]ature1 & hi/ory4 ,"o has only to ?9k ( ! _m m>vel\s metamorphoses 9 ,greek my?ology & ( its c\ntless o!r absurdities2 ( ! wit*es1 ,circe & ,m$ea1 & ! necromancy ( ,odysseus2 or ! prie/-magician ( ,apollo 9 ! ,iliad :o c\ld /op ! plague1 if he wi%$2 ( ! lucky & unlucky days & o!r agricultural magic 9 ,hesiod4#hd ,!n !re 7 ! ,sp>tans1 ^: s-call$ con/itution & me?od ( education1 mu* admir$ by ! ,greek philosoph]s1 7 l>gely a ret5tion ( ! life ( ! primitive tribe ) its ritual & taboos4 ,or we rememb] ,h]odotus & 8 *ildi% delight 9 ambigu\s oracles or 8 tale ( sec$]s f ,gela br\ght back by ,tel9es s+le-h&$ because he 80 possess$ ( c]ta9 my/]i\s visible symbols ( ! p[]s b5ea? ! e>? :i* 7 deem$ to be ( wond]-work+ p[]40#he ,we recall ,x5ophon's punctili\s records ( sacrifices1 div9ations1 sneezes1 & dreams2 ,nicias1 z afraid ( eclipses z if he _h be5 a ,sp>tan2 & ! matt]-(-fact m5tions ( *>ms1 philt]s1 & incantations 9 ev5 su* enlight5$ writ]s z ,euripides & ,plato4 ,among ! titles ( anci5t ,greek com$ies magic is repres5t$ by ! ,goetes ( ,ari/ophanes1 ! ,m&ragorizom5e ( ,alexis1 ! ,ph>macomantis ( ,anax&rides1 ! ,circe ( ,anaxilas1 & ! ,!ttale ( ,m5&]4#hf ,:5 we c&idly e/imate ! significance ( su* evid5ce z ?is1 we realize t ! ,hell5es 7 n mu* less incl9$ to magic ?an o!r peoples & p]iods1 & t we ne$ n wait = ,!ocritus & ! ,greek romances or = ! magical papyri = pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( magic 9 anci5t ,greek civilization4#hg ,sid5ote3 ,simultane\s increase ( le>n+ & occult sci5ce4 ,if a/rology & "s o!r occult sci5ces d n appe> 9 a develop$ =m until ! ,hell5i/ic p]iod1 x is n because ! e>li] p]iod 0 m enlight5$1 b because x 0 less le>n$4 ,& ! magic :i* ,o/hanes is said to h introduc$ to ! ,greek _w ab\t ! "t ( ! ,p]sian w>s 0 n s mu* an innovation z an improvem5t ^u _! co>se & anci5t rites ( ,goetia4#hh ,sid5ote3 ,magic orig9 urg$ = ,greek religion & drama4 ,?is magic elem5t :i* exi/$ f ! />t 9 ,greek culture is n[ be+ trac$ out by /ud5ts ( an?ropology & e>ly religion z well z ( ! classics4 ,miss ,jane ,e4 ,h>rison1 9 ,!mis1 a /udy ( ! social orig9s ( ,greek religion1 sugge/s a magical explanation = _m a my? & fe/ival1 & ev5 = ! ,olympic games & ,greek drama4#hi ,! la/ po9t has be5 develop$ 9 m detail by ,f4 ,m4 ,corn=d's ,orig9 ( ,attic ,com$y1 :]e mu* magic is detect$ masqu]ad+ 9 ! com$ies ( ,ari/ophanes4#ij ,& ,mr4 ,a4 ,b4 ,cook sees ! magician 9 ,zeus1 :o trans=ms himself to pursue 8 am\rs1 & cont5ds t 8! real prototype ( ! heav5ly wea!r-k+ 0 ! e>?ly0 magician or ra9-mak]1 t ! pre-,hom]ic 8fix$ epi!ts0 ( ,zeus reta9$ 9 ! ,hom]ic poems 8are simply r$ol5t ( ! magician10 & t ! cult ( ,zeus ,lykaios 0 connect$ ) ! belief 9 w]wolves4#ia ,9 /ill m rec5t publications ,dr4 ,r5del ,h>ris#ib has connect$ ,greek gods 9 _! orig9s ) ! woodpeck] & mi/letoe1 associat$ ! cult ( ,apollo ) ! m$ic9al virtues ( mice & snakes1 & 9 o!r ways emphasiz$ ! importance 9 e>ly ,greek religion & culture ( ! magic prop]ties ( animals & h]bs4 ,^! writ]s h probably press$ _! po9t too f>1 b at lea/ _! "w s]ves z a reaction aga9/ ! old attitude ( intellectual idolatry ( ! classics4 ,_! views may be (fset by ^? ( ,mr4 ,f>nell1 :o /ates t 8:ile ! k ( e>ly ,babylonian magic is beg9n+ to be consid]able1 we _c say t we "k any?+ def9ite conc]n+ ! practices 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( ! ,hell5ic & adjac5t peoples 9 ! e>ly p]iod ) :i* we are deal+40 ,& aga91 8,b :ile ,babylonian magic proclaims itself l\dly 9 ! great religi\s lit]ature & highe/ temple ritual1 ,greek magic is b>ely m5tion$ 9 ! old] lit]ature ( ,greece1 plays no "p at all 9 ! hymns1 & c only ) difficulty be discov]$ z lat5t 9 ! high] ritual4 ,aga91 ,babylonian magic is ess5tially demoniac2 b we h no evid5ce t ! pre-,hom]ic ,greek 0 demon-ridd51 or t demonology & exorcism 7 lead+ factors 9 8 consci\sness & practice40 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,f>nell admits1 h[ev]1 t 8! e>lie/ ,hell5e1 z ! lat]1 0 fully s5sitive to ! magico-div9e efficacy ( names40#ic ,n[ to believe 9 ! p[] ( names be=e "o believes 9 ! exi/5ce ( demons is ! be/ possible evid5ce ( ! antiquity ( magic 9 a society1 s9ce x indicates t ! speak] has confid5ce 9 ! op]ative p[] ( 8 own words )\t any spiritual or div9e assi/ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic 9 ,greek philosophy4 ,moreov]1 9 "o s5se ! advocates ( ,greek magic h n gone f> en\gh4 ,!y hold t magic lies back ( ! com$ies ( ,ari/ophanes2 :at !y might cont5d is t x 0 also contempor>y ) !m4#id ,!y hold t classical ,greek religion _h its orig9s 9 magic2 :at !y might argue is t ,greek philosophy nev] fre$ itself f magic4 8,t ,emp$ocles believ$ himself capable ( magical p[]s is10 says ,zell]1 8prov$ by 8 own writ+s40 ,he himself 8decl>es t he possesses ! p[] to heal old age & sickness1 to raise & calm ! w9ds1 to summon ra9 & dr\ght1 & to recall ! dead to life40#ie ,if ! pre-,hom]ic fix$ epi!ts ( ,zeus are r$ol5t ( magic1 ,plato's ,timaeus is equally r$ol5t ( occult sci5ce & a/rology2 & if we see ! wea!r-mak+ magician 9 ! ,olympian ,zeus ( ,phidias1 we _c expla9 away ! vag>ies ( ! ,timaeus z flights ( poetic imag9ation or try to make out ,ari/otle a mod]n sci5ti/ by mutilat+ ! text ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,animals4 ,sid5ote3 ,plato's attitude t[>d magic & a/rology4 ,t[>d magic s-call$ ,plato's attitude 9 8 ,laws is cauti\s4 ,he ma9ta9s t m$ical m5 & prophets & div9]s c alone und]/& ! nature ( poisons 7or spells7 :i* "w naturally1 & ( su* ?+s z incantations1 magic knots1 & wax images2 & t s9ce o!r m5 h no c]ta9 k ( su* matt]s1 !y ought n to fe> b to despise !m4 ,he admits nev]!less t !re is no use 9 try+ to conv9ce mo/ m5 ( ?is & t x is necess>y to legislate aga9/ sorc]y4#if ,yet 8 own view ( nature seems impregnat$1 if n actually ) doctr9es borr[$ f ! ,magi ( ! ea/1 at lea/ ) notions cognate to ^? ( magic r ?an ( mod]n sci5ce & ) doctr9es favorable to a/rology4 ,he humaniz$ mat]ial objects & confus$ mat]ial & spiritual *>act]i/ics4 ,he also1 l au?ors ( :om we %all treat lat]1 attempt$ to give a natural or rational explanation = magic1 acc\nt+1 = example1 = liv] div9ation on ! gr\nd t ! liv] 0 a sort ( mirror on :i* ! ?\ghts ( ! m9d fell & 9 :i* ! images ( ! s\l 7 reflect$2 b t !y ceas$ aft] dea?4#ig ,he spoke ( h>moni\s love betwe5 ! elem5ts z ! s\rce ( heal? & pl5ty = vegetation1 bea/s1 & m51 & _! 8wanton love0 z ! cause ( pe/il5ce & disease4 ,to und]/& bo? v>ieties ( love 89 relation to ! revolutions ( ! heav5ly bodies & ! seasons ( ! ye> is t]m$ a/ronomy10#ih or1 z we %\ld say1 a/rology1 ^: fundam5tal law is ! control ( inf]ior creation by ! motion ( ! />s4 ,plato spoke ( ! />s z 8div9e & et]nal animals1 ev] abid+10#ii an expression :i* we %all he> reit]at$ 9 ! middle ages4 8,! l[] gods10 :om he l>gely id5tifi$ ) ! heav5ly bodies1 =m m51 :o1 if !y live good lives1 return aft] dea? ea* to a happy exi/5ce 9 8 prop] />4#ajj ,su* a doctr9e is n id5tical ) t ( nativities & ! horoscope1 b l x exalts ! importance ( ! />s & sugge/s _! control ( human life4 ,& :5 at ! close ( 8 ,republic ,plato speaks ( ! h>mony or music ( ! sph]es ( ! sev5 planets & ! eigh? sph]e ( ! fix$ />s1 & ( 8! sp9dle ( ,necessity on :i* all ! revolutions turn10 he sugge/s t :5 once ! human s\l has ent]$ ^u ?is life1 its de/9y is h5ce=? subject to ! c\rses ( ! />s4 ,:5 9 ! ,timaeus he says1 8,!re is no difficulty 9 see+ t ! p]fect numb] ( "t fulfills ! p]fect ye> :5 all ! eight revolutions 444 are accompli%$ toge!r & atta9 _! completion at ! same "t10#aja he seems to sugge/ ! a/rological doctr9e ( ! magnus annus1 t hi/ory beg9s to repeat itself 9 e detail :5 ! heav5ly bodies h all rega9$ _! orig9al positions4 ,sid5ote3 ,ari/otle on />s & spirits4 ,= ,ari/otle1 too1 ! />s 7 8be+s ( sup]human intellig5ce1 incorporate deities4 ,!y appe>$ to him z ! pur] =ms1 ^? m l ! deity1 & f !m a purposive rational influ5ce ^u ! l[] life ( ! e>? seem$ to proce$1--a ?\ght :i* became ! root ( m$ieval a/rology40#ajb ,moreov]1 88 !ory ( ! subord9ate gods ( ! sph]es ( ! planets 444 provid$ = a lat] demonology40#ajc ,sid5ote3 ,folk-lore 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,animals4 ,aside f bits ( physiognomy & ( ,py?agorean sup]/ition1 or my/icism1 ,ari/otle's ,hi/ory ( ,animals conta9s mu* on ! influ5ce ( ! />s on animal life1 ! m$ic9es employ$ by animals1 & _! fri5d%ips & enmities1 & o!r folk-lore & pseudo-sci5ce4#ajd ,b ! olde/ extant manuscript ( t "w dates only f ! twelf? or ?irte5? c5tury & lacks ! t5? book4 ,editors ( ! text h also reject$ books sev5 & n9e1 ! latt] "p ( book eight1 & h que/ion$ v>i\s o!r passages4 ,h[ev]1 ^! expurgations save ! face ( ,ari/otle r ?an ( ,hell5ic sci5ce or philosophy g5]ally1 z ! spuri\s sev5? book is held to be drawn l>gely f ,hippocratic writ+s & ! n9? f ,!ophra/us4#aje ,sid5ote3 ,diff]+ modes ( transmission ( anci5t ori5tal & ,greek lit]ature4 ,!re is ano!r po9t to be kept 9 m9d 9 any comp>ison ( ,egypt & ,babylon or ,assyria ) ,greece 9 ! matt] ( magic4 ,our evid5ce prov+ ! great "p play$ by magic 9 ! anci5t ori5tal civilizations comes directly f !m to u )\t int]v5+ tamp]+ or alt]ation except 9 ! case ( ! e>ly p]iods4 ,b classical lit]ature & philosophy come to u z edit$ by ,alex&rian libr>ians#ajf & philolog]s1 z c5sor$ & select$ by ,*ri/ian & ,byzant9e read]s1 z copi$ or translat$ by m$ieval monks & ,italian humani/s4 ,& ! "q is n m]ely1 :at h !y add$8 b also1 :at h !y alt]$8 :at h !y reject$8 ,in/ead ( que/ion+ sup]/iti\s passages 9 extant works on ! gr\nd t !y are lat] int]polations1 x w\ld v likely be m to ! po9t to ins]t a goodly numb] on ! gr\nd t !y h be5 omitt$ z pagan or idolatr\s sup]/itions4 ,sid5ote3 ,m magical "* ( directly transmitt$ ,greek rema9s4 ,suppose we turn to ^? writ+s :i* h be5 une>!d j z !y 7 9 anci5t ,greek2 to ! papyri1 ! lead tablets1 ! s-call$ ,gno/ic gems4 ,h[ does ! proportion ( magic 9 ^! comp>e ) t 9 ! indirectly transmitt$ lit]>y rema9s8 ,if x is object$ t ! magic papyri#ajg are ma9ly ( late date & t !y are f\nd 9 ,egypt1 x may be repli$ t !y are z old z or old] ?an any o!r manuscripts we h ( classical lit]ature & t its *ief /oreh\se1 too1 0 9 ,egypt at ,alex&ria4 ,z = ! magical curses writt5 on lead tablets1#ajh !y date f ! f\r? c5tury be=e our era to ! six? aft]1 & f\rte5 come f ,a!ns & sixte5 f ,cnidus z aga9/ "o f ,alex&ria & elev5 f ,c>?age4 ,& al?\gh "s display extreme illit]acy1 o!rs are writt5 by p]sons ( rank & education4 ,& :at a weal? ( a/rological manuscripts 9 ! ,greek language has be5 une>!d 9 ,european libr>ies by ! editors ( ! ,catalogus ,codicum ,graecorum ,a/rologorum6#aji ,& occasionally ar*aeologi/s report ! discov]y ( magical app>atus#aaj or ( repres5tations ( magic 9 works ( art4 ,sid5ote3 ,progress ( sci5ce among ! ,greeks4 ,9 ?us cont5d+ t ,hell5ic culture 0 n free f magic & t ev5 ! philosophy & sci5ce ( ! anci5t ,greeks %[ traces ( sup]/ition1 ,i w\ld n1 h[ev]1 obscure ! fact t ( extant lit]>y rema9s ! ,greek are ! fir/ to pres5t u ) any v consid]able body ei!r ( sy/ematic rational speculation or ( classifi$ collection ( obs]v$ facts conc]n+ nature4 ,despite ! rapid progress 9 rec5t ye>s 9 k ( prehi/oric man & ,egyptian & ,babylonian civilization1 ! ,hell5ic title to ! primacy 9 philosophy & sci5ce has h>dly be5 call$ 9 "q1 & no e>li] works h be5 discov]$ t c comp>e 9 m$ic9e ) ^? ascrib$ to ,hippocrates1 9 biology ) ^? ( ,ari/otle & ,!ophra/us1 or 9 ma!matics & physics ) ^? ( ,euclid & ,ar*im$es4 ,und\bt$ly su* m5 & writ+s _h _! pr$ecessors1 probably !y ow$ some?+ to anci5t ori5tal civilization1 b1 tak+ !m z we h !m1 !y seem to be m>k$ by great orig9al p[]4 ,:atev] may lie conceal$ b5ea? ! surface ( ! pa/1 or :atev] signs or h9ts ( sci5tific inve/igation & k we may ?9k we c detect & read betwe5 ! l9es1 z x 71 9 o!r phases ( old] civilizations1 9 ^! works solid beg9n+s ( exp]im5tal & ma!matical sci5ce /& unmi/akably =?4 ,sid5ote3 ,ar*im$es & ,ari/otle4 8,an extraord9>ily l>ge proportion ( ! subject matt] ( ! writ+s ( ,ar*im$es10 says ,hea?1 8repres5ts entirely new discov]ies ( 8 own4 ,?\gh 8 range ( subjects 0 almo/ encyclopdic1 embrac+ geometry 7plane & solid71 ari?metic1 me*anics1 hydro/atics & a/ronomy1 he 0 no compil]1 no writ] ( text-books4444 ,8 objective is always "s new ?+1 "s def9ite addition to ! sum ( k1 & 8 complete orig9ality _c fail to /rike anyone :o reads 8 works intellig5tly1 )\t any corroborative evid5ce su* z is f\nd 9 ! introductory lett]s prefix$ to mo/ ( !m4444 ,9 "s ( 8 subjects ,ar*im$es _h no =]unn]s1 e4 g41 9 hydro/atics1 :]e he inv5t$ ! :ole sci5ce1 & 7s f> z ma!matical demon/ration 0 conc]n$7 9 8 me*anical inve/igations40#aaa ,ari/otle's ,hi/ory ( ,animals is /ill highly e/eem$ by hi/orians ( biology#aab & (t5 evid5ces 8a l>ge am\nt ( p]sonal obs]vations10#aac 8great accuracy10 & 8m9ute inquiry10 z 9 8 acc\nt ( ! vascul> sy/em#aad or obs]vations on ! embryology ( ! *ick4#aae 8,mo/ wond]ful ( all1 p]haps1 are ^? portions ( 8 book 9 :i* he speaks ( fi%es1 _! div]sities1 _! /ructure1 _! w&]+s1 & _! food4 ,"h we may read ( fi%es t h only rec5tly be5 r$iscov]$1 ( /ructures only lately re9ve/igat$1 ( habits only ( late made kn[n40#aaf ,b ( ! a*ievem5ts ( ,hell5ic philosophy & ,hell5i/ic sci5ce ! read] may be safely assum$ already to h "s notion4 ,sid5ote3 ,exagg]at$ view ( ! sci5tific a*ievem5t ( ! ,hell5i/ic age4 ,b 9 clos+ ?is brief prelim9>y sket* ( ! p]iod be=e our inve/igation prop] beg9s1 ,i w\ld take exception to ! t5d5cy1 preval5t especially among ,g]man s*ol>s1 to c5t] 9 & conf9e to ,ari/otle & ! ,hell5i/ic age almo/ all progress 9 natural sci5ce made be=e mod]n times4 ,! contributions ( ! ,egyptians & ,babylonians are r$uc$ to a m9imum on ! "o h&1 :ile on ! o!r ! sci5tific writ+s ( ! ,roman ,empire1 :i* are extant 9 f> great] abundance ?an ^? ( ! ,hell5i/ic p]iod1 are reg>d$ z inf]ior imitations ( great au?ors ^: works are n extant2 ,posidonius1 = example1 to :om x has be5 ! fa%ion ( ! writ]s ( ,g]man diss]tations to attribute ?is1 t1 & e !ory 9 lat] writ]s4 ,b x is contr>y to ! law ( gradual & pa9ful acquisition ( sci5tific k & improvem5t ( sci5tific me?od t "o p]iod ( a few c5turies %\ld ?us h discov]$ ev]y?+4 ,we h disput$ ! simil> notion ( a gold5 age ( e>ly ,egyptian sci5ce f :i* ! ,middle & ,new ,k+doms decl9$1 & h n held t ei!r ! ,egyptians or ,babylonians _h made great advances 9 sci5ce be=e ! ,greeks4 ,b t is n say+ t !y _h n made "s advance4 ,z ,pr(essor ,k>p9ski has rec5tly writt53 8,to d5y to ,babylon1 to ,egypt1 & to ,india1 _! "p 9 ! developm5t ( sci5ce & sci5tific ?9k+ is to defy ! te/imony ( ! anci5ts1 support$ by ! discov]ies ( ! mod]n au?orities4 ,! ef=ts :i* h be5 made to ascribe to ,greek influ5ce ! sci5ce ( ,egypt1 ( lat] ,babylon1 ( ,india1 & t ( ! ,arabs d n add to ! glory t 0 ,greece4 ,h[ c\ld ! ,babylonians ( ! gold5 age ( ,greece or ! ,h9dus1 a little lat]1 h tak5 ov] ! developm5ts ( ,greek a/ronomy8 ,?is w\ld only h be5 possible if !y _h arriv$ at a /ate ( developm5t 9 a/ronomy :i* w\ld h enabl$ !m prop]ly to e/imate & appreciate ! "w :i* 0 to be absorb$4444 ,! admission t ! ,greek a/ronomy imm$iately affect$ ! a/ronomical !ories ( ,india c>ries ) x ! implication t ?is sci5ce _h atta9$ some:at ! same level 9 ,india z 9 ,greece4 ,)\t s]i\s que/ion+ we may assume t a fundam5tal "p ( ! sci5ce ( ,babylon & ,egypt & ,india1 develop$ dur+ ! times :i* we ?9k ( z ,greek1 0 indig5\s sci5ce40#aag ,nor am ,i ready to admit t ! great sci5ti/s ( ! e>ly ,roman ,empire m]ely copi$ f1 or 7 di/9ctly inf]ior to1 _! ,hell5i/ic pr$ecessors4 ,ari/>*us may h held ! helioc5tric !ory#aah b ,ptolemy mu/ h be5 an abl] sci5ti/ & h support$ 8 incorrect hypo!sis ) m accurate measurem5ts & calculations or ! anci5ts w\ld h adopt$ ! s\nd] view4 ,& if ,h]ophilus _h really demon/rat$ ! circulation ( ! blood1 s ke5 an intellig5ce z ,gal5's w\ld n h ca/ 8 discov]y aside4 ,& if ,ptolemy copi$ ,hipp>*us1 are we to imag9e t ,hipp>*us copi$ f no "o8 ,b ( ! incessant tradition f au?ority to au?ority & yet ( ! gradual accumulation ( new matt] f p]sonal obs]vation & exp]i5ce our ensu+ survey ( ?irte5 c5turies ( ?\ght & writ+ w af=d m detail$ illu/ration4 ,,app5dix ,i ,,"s ,,works ,,on ,,magic1 ,,religion1 ,,& ,,a/ronomy ,,9 ,,babylonia ,,& ,,assyria ,! foll[+ books deal expressly ) ! magic ( ,assyria & ,babylonia3 ,fossey1 ,c4 ,la magie assyri5ne2 tude suivie de textes magiques1 ,p>is1 #aijb4 ,k+1 ,l4 ,w4 ,babylonian ,magic & ,sorc]y1 be+ 8,! ,pray]s ( ! ,lift+ ( ! ,h&10 ,london1 #ahif4 ,laur5t1 ,a4 ,la magie et la div9ation *ez les ,*aldo-,assyri5s1 ,p>is1 #ahid4 ,l5ormant1 ,f4 ,*aldean ,magic & ,sorc]y1 ,engli% translation1 ,london1 #ahgh4 ,s*wab1 ,m41 9 ,proc4 ,bibl4 ,ar*ology 7#ahij71 pp4 #bib-cdb1 on magic b[ls f ,assyria & ,babylonia4 ,tallqui/1 ,k4 ,l4 ,die ,assyris*e ,bes*wrungss]ie ,maql1 ,leipzig1 #ahie4 ,?ompson1 ,r4 ,c4 ,! ,reports ( ! ,magicians & ,a/rolog]s ( ,n9eveh & ,babylon 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,london1 #aijj4 ,texts & translations--all b ?ree are a/rological4 ,! ,devils & ,evil ,spirits ( ,babylonia1 ,london1 #aijd4 ,semitic ,magic1 ,london1 #aijh4 ,web]1 ,o4 ,dmon5bes*wrung bei d5 ,babyloni]n und ,assyr]n1 #aijf4 ,e9e ,skizze 7#cg pp471 9 ,d] ,alte ,ori5t4 ,zimm]n4 ,die ,bes*wrung/afeln ,surpu4 ,mu* conc]n+ magic w also be f\nd 9 works on ,babylonian & ,assyrian religion4 ,craig1 ,j4 ,a4 ,assyrian & ,babylonian ,religi\s ,texts1 ,leipzig1 #ahie-g4 ,curtiss1 ,s4 ,i4 ,primitive ,semitic ,religion ,today1 #aijb4 ,dhorme1 ,p4 ,*oix des textes religieux ,assyri5s ,babyloni5s1 #aijg4 ,la religion ,assyro-,babyloni5ne1 ,p>is1 #aiaj4 ,gray1 ,c4 ,d4 ,! ,samas ,religi\s ,texts4 ,ja/r[1 ,morris4 ,! ,religion ( ,babylonia & ,assyria1 ,bo/on1 #ahih4 ,revis$ & enl>g$ z ,religion ,babyloni5s und ,assyri5s1 ,giess51 #aijd4 ,j]emias4 ,babylon4 ,assyr4 ,vor/ellung5 von dem ,leb5 na* ,tode1 ,leipzig1 #ahhg4 ,hlle und ,p>adies1 & o!r works4 ,knudtzon1 ,j4 ,a4 ,assyris*e ,gebete an d5 ,sonn5gott1 ,leipzig1 #ahic4 ,lagrange1 ,m4 ,j4 tudes sur les religions smitiques1 ,p>is1 #aije4 ,langdon1 ,s4 ,sum]ian & ,babylonian ,psalms1 ,p>is1 #aiji4 ,reisn]1 ,g4 ,a4 ,sum]is*-,babylonis*e ,hymn51 ,b]l91 #ahif4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,w4 ,lectures on ! ,religion ( ! ,semites1 ,london1 #aijg4 ,ros*]1 ,lexicon1 = v>i\s articles4 ,zimm]n4 ,babylonis*e ,hymn5 und ,gebete 9 ,auswahl1 #cb pp41 #aije 7,d] ,alte ,ori5t74 ,beitrge zur ,k5ntniss d] ,babyl4 ,religion1 ,leipzig1 #aija4 ,on ! a/ronomy & a/rology ( ! ,babylonians "o may consult3 ,bezold1 ,c4 ,a/ronomie1 ,himmels*au und ,a/rallehre bei d5 ,babyloni]n4 7,sitzb4 ,akad4 ,heidelb]g1 #aiaa1 ,abh4 #b74 ,boissi]1 ,a4 ,docum5ts assyri5s relatifs aux prsages1 ,p>is1 #ahid-ahig4 ,*oix de textes relatifs la div9ation assyro-babyloni5ne1 ,g5eva1 #aije-aijf4 ,craig1 ,j4 ,a4 ,a/rological-,a/ronomical ,texts1 ,leipzig1 #ahib4 ,cumont1 ,f4 ,babylon und die grie*is*e ,a/rologie4 7,neue ,jahrb4 fr das klass4 ,alt]tum1 ,,xxvii1 #aiaa74 ,epp+1 ,j41 & ,/rassmei]1 ,j4 ,n4 ,a/ronomis*es aus ,babylon1 #ahhi4 ,g9zel1 ,f4 ,k4 ,die a/ronomis*5 ,k5tnisse d] ,babyloni]1 #aija4 ,hehn1 ,j4 ,sieb5zahl und ,sabbat bei d5 ,babyloni]n und im ,alt5 ,te/am5t1 #aijg4 ,j5s51 ,p4 ,kosmologie d] ,babyloni]1 #ahij4 ,j]emias4 ,das ,alt] d] babylonis*5 ,a/ronomie1 #aijh4 ,h&bu* d] altori5talis*5 ,gei/eskultur1 #aiac4 ,kugl]1 ,f4 ,x4 ,die ,babylonis*e ,mondre*nung1 #aijj4 ,/]nkunde und ,/]ndi5/ 9 ,babel1 ,freiburg1 #aijg-aiac4 ,to be complet$ 9 f\r vols4 ,im ,bannkreis ,babels1 #aiaj4 ,opp]t1 ,j4 ,die a/ronomis*5 ,angab5 d] assyris*5 ,keil9s*rift51 9 ,sitzb4 d4 ,wi54 ,akad4 ,ma?4-,nat4 ,classe1 #ahhe1 pp4 #hid-ijf4 ,un texte ,babyloni5 a/ronomique et sa traduction grecque p> ,cl4 ,ptolme1 9 ,zeits*4 f4 ,assyriol4 ,,vi 7#ahia71 pp4 #ajc-bc4 ,sayce1 ,a4 ,h4 ,! a/ronomy & a/rology ( ! ,babylonians1 ) translations ( ! tablets relat+ to ! subject1 9 ,transactions ( ! ,society ( ,biblical ,ar*aeology1 ,,iii 7#ahgd71 #ade-cci2 ! fir/ & until rec5tly ! be/ guide to ! subject4 ,s*iap>elli1 ,g4 ,v4 ,i ,primordi ed i ,progressi dell' ,a/ronomia presso i ,babilonesi1 ,bologna1 #aijh4 ,a/ronomy 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 #aije4 ,/ck51 ,a/ralmy!n1 #ahif-aijg4 ,virolleaud1 ,*4 ,l',a/rologie *aldenne1 ,p>is1 #aije-2 to be complet$ 9 eight p>ts1 texts & translations4 ,w9ckl]1 ,himmels- und ,welt5bild d] ,babyloni] als ,grundlage d] ,weltans*auung und ,my?ologie all] ,vlk]1 9 ,d] alte ,ori5t1 ,,iii1 #b-c4 ,,book ,i4 ,,! ,,roman ,,empire ,=eword4 ,*apt] #b4 ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,i4 ,its place 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce4 ,,ii4 ,its exp]im5tal t5d5cy4 ,,iii4 ,pl9y's acc\nt ( magic4 ,,iv4 ,! sci5ce ( ! ,magi4 ,v4 ,pl9y's magical sci5ce4 0 #c4 ,s5eca & ,ptolemy3 ,natural ,div9ation & ,a/rology4 0 #d4 ,gal54 ,i4 ,! man & 8 times4 ,,ii4 ,8 m$ic9e & exp]im5tal sci5ce4 ,,iii4 ,8 attitude t[>d magic4 0 #e4 ,anci5t ,appli$ ,sci5ce & ,magic4 0 #f4 ,plut>*'s ,essays4 0 #g4 ,apuleius ( ,madaura4 0 #h4 ,philo/ratus's ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana4 0 #i4 ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,attacks ^u ,sup]/ition4 0 #aj4 ,! ,spuri\s ,my/ic ,writ+s ( ,h]mes1 ,orpheus1 & ,zoroa/]4 0 #aa4 ,neo-,platonism & its ,relations to ,a/rology & ,!urgy4 0 #ab4 ,aelian1 ,sol9us1 & ,horapollo4 ,,book ,i4 ,,! ,,roman ,,empire ,,=eword ,sid5ote3 ,a trio ( great names4 ,a trio ( great names1 ,pl9y1 ,gal51 & ,ptolemy1 /& out above all o!rs 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce "u ! ,roman ,empire4 ,9 ! use or criticism :i* !y make ( e>li] writ]s & inve/igators !y are also our *ief s\rces = ! sci5ce ( ! prec$+ ,hell5i/ic p]iod4 ,by _! volum9\sness1 _! g5]\s scope 9 gr\nd cov]$1 & _! broad1 lib]al1 p]sonal outlooks1 !y h pa9t$1 9 colors = ! mo/ "p imp]i%able1 ext5sive canvasses ( ! sci5tific _s & acquisitions ( _! own "t4 ,pl9y pursu$ politics & lit]ature z well z natural sci5ce2 ,ptolemy 0 at once ma!matician1 a/ronom]1 physici/1 & geograph]2 ,gal5 knew philosophy z well z m$ic9e4 ,! two latt] m51 moreov]1 made orig9al contributions ( _! own ( ! v fir/ ord] to sci5tific k & me?od4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ! homog5e\s & widespread culture ( ! ,roman ,empire t ^! ?ree repres5tatives ( diff]5t1 al?\gh ov]lapp+1 fields ( sci5ce 7 natives ( ! ?ree cont95ts t enclose ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,pl9y 0 born at ,como :]e ,italy v]ges on transalp9e l&s2 ,ptolemy1 born some:]e 9 ,egypt1 did 8 "w at ,alex&ria2 ,gal5 came f ,p]gamum 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,f9ally1 ^! m5 71 aft] ,ari/otle1 ! ?ree anci5t sci5ti/s :o directly or indirectly mo/ p[]fully influ5c$ ! middle ages4 ,?us !y illum9ate pa/1 pres5t1 & future4 ,sid5ote3 ,plan ( ?is section4 ,we %all !re=e op5 ! pres5t section ( our inve/igation by consid]+ 9 turn *ronologically1 ,pl9y1 ,ptolemy1 & ,gal51 c\pl+1 h[ev]1 ) our consid]ation ( ,ptolemy ! "w ( ,s5eca on ,natural ,que/ions :i* %[s ! same comb9ation ( natural sci5ce & natural div9ation4 ,next we %all consid] "s repres5tatives ( anci5t appli$ sci5ce & its relations to magic1 & ! m miscellane\s writ+s ( ,plut>*1 ,apuleius1 & ,philo/ratus's ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana4 ,f ! hospitable attitude t[>d magic & occult sci5ce display$ by ^! la/ writ]s we %all !n turn back aga9 to consid] "s examples ( lit]>y & philosophical attacks ^u sup]/ition1 be=e proce$+ la/ly to spuri\s my/ic writ+s ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ,neo-,platonism & its relations to a/rology & !urgy1 & ! works ( ,aelian1 ,sol9us1 & ,horapollo4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,pl9y',s ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,i4 ,its ,place 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,sci5ce ,its importance 9 our inve/igation--,z a collection ( miscellane\s in=mation--,z a repository ( anci5t natural sci5ce--,z a s\rce = magic--,pl9y's c>e]--,8 writ+s--,8 own description ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory--,8 devotion to sci5ce--,conflict ( sci5ce & religion--,pl9y n a tra9$ naturali/--,8 use ( au?orities--,8 lack ( arrangem5t & classification--,8 scepticism & cr$ulity--,a guide to anci5t sci5ce--,8 m$ieval influ5ce--,e>ly pr9t$ editions4 ,,ii4 ,its ,exp]im5tal ,t5d5cy ,importance ( obs]vation & exp]i5ce--,use ( ! ^w exp]im5tum--,exp]im5ts due to sci5tific curiosity--,m$ical exp]im5tation--,*ance exp]i5ce & div9e revelation--,m>vels prov$ by exp]i5ce4 ,,iii4 ,pl9y's ,acc\nt ( ,magic ,ori5tal orig9 ( magic--,its spread to ! ,greeks--,its spread outside ! ,graeco-,roman _w--,failure to und]/& its true orig9--,magic & div9ation--,magic & religion--,magic & m$ic9e--,magic & philosophy--,fals5ess ( magic--,crimes ( magic--,pl9y's c5sure ( magic is ma9ly intellectual--,vagu5ess ( ,pl9y's scepticism--,magic & sci5ce indi/+ui%able4 ,,iv4 ,! ,sci5ce ( ! ,magi ,magicians z inve/igators ( nature--,! ,magi on h]bs--,m>vel\s virtues ( h]bs--,animals & p>ts ( animals--,fur!r in/ances--,magic rites ) animals & p>ts ( animals--,m>vels wr\ght ) p>ts ( animals--,! ,magi on /ones--,o!r magical recipes--,summ>y ( ! /atem5ts ( ! ,magi4 ,v4 ,pl9y's ,magical ,sci5ce ,f ! ,magi to ,pl9y's magic--,habits ( animals--,rem$ies discov]$ by animals--,jeal\sy ( animals--,occult virtues ( animals--,! virtues ( h]bs--,pluck+ h]bs--,agricultural magic--,virtue ( /ones--,o!r m9]als & metals--,virtues ( human p>ts--,virtues ( human saliva--,! human op]ator--,abs5ce ( m$ical comp\nds--,sympa!tic magic--,antipa?ies betwe5 animals--,love & hatr$ betwe5 inanimate objects--,sympa?y betwe5 animate & inanimate objects--,l cures l--,! pr9ciple ( association--,magic transf] ( disease--,amulets--,position or direction--,! "t elem5t--,obs]vance ( numb]--,relation betwe5 op]ator & pati5t--,incantations--,attitude t[>ds love-*>ms & bir? control--,pl9y & a/rology--,cele/ial port5ts--,! />s & ! _w ( nature--,a/rological m$ic9e--,conclusion3 magic unity ( ,pl9y's sup]/itions4 8,salve1 p>5s r]um omnium ,natura1 teque nobis ,quiritium solis celebratam esse num]is omnibus tuis fave60 --,clos+ words ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory4#aai ,i4 ,its ,place 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,sci5ce ,sid5ote3 ,important 9 our inve/igation4 ,we %\ld h to se>* long be=e f9d+ a bett] />t+-po9t = ! consid]ation ( ! union ( magic ) ! sci5ce ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & ( ! way 9 :i* t union influ5c$ ! middle ages1 ?an ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory4#abj ,! =ego+ s5t5ce1 ) :i* ye>s ago ,i op5$ a *apt] on ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,pl9y ! ,eld] 9 my brief] prelim9>y /udy ( magic 9 ! intellectual hi/ory ( ! ,roman ,empire1 seems z true z ev]2 & al?\gh ,i !re consid]$ 8 confusion ( magic & sci5ce at "s l5g?1 ,i d n see h[ ,i c make ! pres5t "w well-r\nd$ & complete )\t includ+ 9 x a yet m detail$ analysis ( ! cont5ts ( ,pl9y's book4 ,sid5ote3 ,z a collection ( miscellane\s in=mation4 ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory1 :i* appe>$ ab\t #gg ,a4 ,d4 & is d$icat$ to ! ,emp]or ,titus1 is p]haps ! mo/ important s+le s\rce extant = ! hi/ory ( anci5t civilization4 ,its ?irty-sev5 books1 writt5 9 a v compact /yle1 con/itute a va/ collection ( ! mo/ miscellane\s in=mation4 ,:e!r "o is inve/igat+ anci5t pa9t+1 sculpture1 & o!r f9e arts2 or ! geography ( ! ,roman ,empire2 or ,roman triumphs1 gladiatorial conte/s1 & !atrical exhibitions2 or ! indu/rial processes ( antiquity2 or ,m$it]ranean trade2 or ,italian agriculture2 or m9+ 9 anci5t ,spa92 or ! hi/ory ( ,roman co9age2 or ! fluctuation ( prices 9 antiquity2 or ! ,roman attitude t[>ds usury2 or ! pagan attitude t[>ds immortality2 or ! nature ( anci5t bev]ages2 or ! religi\s usages ( ! anci5t ,romans2 or any ( a numb] ( o!r topics2 "o w f9d some?+ conc]n+ all ( !m 9 ,pl9y4 ,he is apt bo? to depict su* conditions 9 8 own "t & to trace !m back to _! orig9s4 ,fur!rmore he repeats _m detail$ incid5ts ( int]e/ to ! political or n>rative hi/orian ( ,rome z well z to ! /ud5t ( ! economic1 social1 arti/ic1 & religi\s life ( antiquity4 ,probably !re is no place :]e an isolat$ po9t is m likely to be run d[n by ! inve/igator1 & x is regrettable t exhau/ive analytical indices ( ! "w are n available4 ,we may add t1 al?\gh ! "w is suppos$ly a collection ( facts1 ,pl9y contrives to introduce _m moral reflections & %>p comm5ts on ! luxury1 vice1 & un9tellectual "* ( 8 times1 sugge/+ ,juv5al's picture ( deg5]ate ,roman society & 8 own l(ty moral /&>ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,z a repository ( anci5t natural sci5ce4 ,inde$1 ,pl9y's title1 ,naturalis ,hi/oria1 or at lea/ ! common ,engli% translation ( x1 8,natural ,hi/ory10 has be5 criticiz$ z too limit$ 9 scope1 & ! "w has be5 describ$ z 8r a va/ encyclop$ia ( anci5t k & belief ^u almo/ e kn[n subject40#aba ,pl9y himself m5tions 9 8 preface ! ,greek ^w 8encyclop$ia0 z indicative ( 8 scope4 ,nev]!less1 8 "w is prim>ily an acc\nt ( nature r ?an ( civilization1 & mu* ( its in=mation conc]n+ su* matt]s z ! arts & bus9ess is incid5tal4 ,mo/ ( its books be> su* titles z ,aquatic ,animals1 ,exotic ,trees1 ,m$ic9es f ,=e/ ,trees1 ,! ,natures ( ,metals4 ,aft] an introductory book conta9+ ! preface & a table ( cont5ts & li/s ( au?orities = ea* ( ! subsequ5t books1 ! second book treats ( ! univ]se1 heav5ly bodies1 meteorology1 & ! *ief *anges1 su* z e>?quakes & tides1 9 ! l& & wat] =m+ ! e>?'s surface4 ,aft] f\r books devot$ to geography1 ! sev5? deals ) man & human inv5tions4 ,f\r m foll[ on t]re/rial & aquatic animals1 birds1 & insects4 ,sixte5 m are conc]n$ ) plants1 trees1 v9es1 & o!r vegetation1 & ! m$ic9al simples d]iv$ f !m4 ,five books discuss ! m$ic9al simples d]iv$ f animals1 includ+ ! human body2 & ! la/ five books treat ( metals & m9]als & ! arts 9 :i* !y are employ$4 ,x is ?us evid5t t 9 ! ma9 ,pl9y is conc]n$ ) natural sci5ce1 & t1 if 8 "w is a m9e ( miscellane\s hi/orical in=mation1 x %\ld ev5 m prove a ri* treasure-h\se--8quoniam1 ut ait ,domitius ,piso1 !sauros oportet esse non libros0#abb--;= an inve/igation conc]n$ z intimately z is ours ) ! hi/ory ( sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,z a s\rce = magic4 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory is a great /oreh\se ( mis9=mation z well z ( in=mation1 = ,pl9y's cr$ulity & lack ( discrim9ation h>ve/$ ! t>es ( leg5d & magic along ) ! :eat ( hi/orical fact & anci5t sci5ce 9 8 volum9\s gran>y4 ,?is may put o!r hi/orical inve/igators ^u _! gu>d 9 accept+ its /atem5ts1 b only increases its value = our purpose4 ,p]haps x is ev5 m valuable z a collection ( anci5t errors ?an x is z a repository ( anci5t sci5ce4 ,x t\*es ^u _m ( ! v>ieties1 & illu/rates mo/ ( ! *>act]i/ics1 ( magic4 ,moreov]1 ,pl9y (t5 m5tions ! ,magi or magicians & discusses 8magic0 expressly at "s l5g? 9 ! op5+ *apt]s ( 8 ?irtie? book--"o ( ! mo/ important passages on ! !me 9 any anci5t writ]4 ,sid5ote3 ,pl9y's c>e]4 ,pl9y ! ,eld]1 z we le>n f 8 own /atem5ts 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory & f "o or two lett]s conc]n+ him writt5 by 8 nephew1 ,pl9y ! ,y\ng]1 :om he adopt$1 w5t ?r\gh ! usual milit>y1 =5sic1 & (ficial c>e] ( ! ,roman ( good family1 & sp5t 8 life l>gely 9 ! s]vice ( ! emp]ors4 ,he visit$ v>i\s ,m$it]ranean l&s1 su* z ,spa91 ,africa1 ,greece1 & ,egypt1 & f\ght 9 ,g]many4 ,he 0 9 *>ge ( ! ,roman fleet on ! we/ coa/ ( ,italy :5 he met 8 dea? at ! age ( fifty-six by suffocation z he 0 try+ to rescue o!rs f ! fumes & vapors f ! eruption ( ,m\nt ,vesuvius4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 writ+s4 ,( ,pl9y's writ+s ! ,natural ,hi/ory is alone extant1 b o!r titles h be5 pres]v$ :i* s]ve to %[ 8 great lit]>y indu/ry & ! ext5t ( 8 int]e/s4 ,he wrote on ! use ( ! javel9 by cavalry1 a life ( 8 fri5d ,pomponius1 an acc\nt 9 tw5ty books ( all ! w>s wag$ by ! ,romans 9 ,g]many1 a r long "w on oratory call$ ,! ,/ud5t1 a grammatical or philological "w 9 eight books entitl$ ,de dubio s]mone1 & a cont9uation ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,aufidius ,bassus 9 ?irty-"o books4 ,yet 9 ! d$ication ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory to ! emp]or ,titus he /ates t 8 days 7 tak5 up ) (ficial bus9ess & only 8 nights 7 free = lit]>y labor4 ,?is /atem5t is support$ by a lett] ( 8 nephew tell+ h[ he us$ to /udy by c&le-light bo? late at night & be=e daybreak4 ,pl9y ! ,y\ng] n>rates sev]al incid5ts to illu/rate h[ jeal\s & economical ( e sp>e mom5t 8 uncle 04 ,he w\ld dictate or h books read to him :ile ly+ d[n or 9 ! ba?1 & on j\rneys a secret>y 0 always by 8 side ) books & tablets4 ,if ! wea!r 0 v cold1 ! amanu5sis wore gloves s t 8 h&s might n become too numb to write4 ,pl9y always took notes on :at he read1 & at 8 dea? left 8 nephew "o hundr$ & sixty notebooks writt5 9 a small h& on bo? sides4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 own description ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,su* 7 ! conditions "u :i*1 & ! me?ods by :i*1 ,pl9y compil$ 8 encyclop$ia on nature4 ,no s+le writ] ei!r ,greek or ,lat91 he tells u1 _h ev] be=e attempt$ s ext5sive a task4 ,he adds t he treats ( "s tw5ty ?\s& topics glean$ f ! p]usal ( ab\t two ?\s& volumes by "o hundr$ au?ors4#abc ,judg+ f 8 bibliographies & citations1 h[ev]1 he w\ld seem to h utiliz$ m ?an "o hundr$ au?ors4 ,b possibly he _h n read all ! writ]s m5tion$ 9 8 bibliographies4 ,he affirms t previ\s /ud5ts h _h access to b few ( ! volumes :i* he has us$1 & t he adds _m ?+s unkn[n to 8 anci5t au?orities & rec5tly discov]$4 ,occasionally he %[s an acqua9tance ) beliefs & practices ( ! ,gauls & ,druids4 ,?us 8 "w assumes to be some?+ m ?an a compilation f o!r books4 ,he says1 h[ev]1 t no d\bt he has omitt$ mu*1 s9ce he is only human & has _h _m o!r dem&s ^u 8 "t4 ,he admits t 8 subject is dry 7/]ilis mat]ia7 & does n l5d itself to lit]>y exhibitions1 nor include matt]s /imulat+ to write ab\t & pleasant to read ab\t1 l spee*es & m>vel\s occurr5ces & v>i$ incid5ts4 ,nor does x p]mit purity & elegance ( diction1 s9ce "o mu/ at times employ ! t]m9ology ( ru/ics1 =eign]s1 & ev5 b>b>ians4 ,fur!rmore1 8x is an ardu\s task to give novelty to :at is anci5t1 au?ority to :at is new1 int]e/ to :at is obsolete1 light to :at is obscure1 *>m to :at is loa?some0--z _m ( 8 m$ic9al simples und\bt$ly are--8cr$it to :at is dubi\s40 ,sid5ote3 ,8 devotion to sci5ce4 ,x is a great com=t to ,pl9y1 h[ev]1 9 8 imm5se task1 :5 _m laugh at him z wa/+ 8 "t ov] wor?less trifles1 to reflect t he is be+ spurn$ along ) ,nature4#abd ,9 ano!r passage#abe he contra/s ! blood & slaught] ( milit>y hi/ory ) ! b5efits be/[$ ^u mank9d by a/ronom]s4 ,9 a ?ird passage#abf he looks back regretfully at ! widespread int]e/ 9 sci5ce among ! ,greeks1 al?\gh ^? 7 times ( political disunion & /rife & al?\gh communication betwe5 diff]5t l&s 0 int]rupt$ by piracy z well z w>1 :]eas n[1 ) ! :ole empire at peace1 n only is no new sci5tific inquiry und]tak51 b m5 d n ev5 ?or\ghly /udy ! works ( ! anci5ts1 & are int5t on ! acquisition ( lucre r ?an le>n+4 ,^! & o!r passages :i* might be cit$ atte/ ,pl9y's devotion to sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,conflict ( sci5ce & religion4 ,9 ,pl9y we also detect signs ( ! conflict betwe5 sci5ce & religion4 ,9 a s+le *apt] on ,god he says pretty mu* all t ! *ur* fa!rs lat] repeat$ at mu* great] l5g? aga9/ paganism & poly!ism4 ,b 8 discussion w\ld h>dly satisfy a ,*ri/ian4 ,he ass]ts t 8x is ,god = man to aid 8 fell[ man1#abg & ?is is ! pa? to et]nal glory10 b he turns ?is noble s5tim5t to ju/ify deification ( ! emp]ors :o h done s mu* = mank9d4 ,he que/ions :e!r ,god is conc]n$ ) human affairs2 slyly sugge/s t if s1 ,god mu/ be too busy to puni% all crimes promptly2 & po9ts out t !re are "s ?+s :i* ,god _c d4 ,he _c commit suicide z m5 c1 nor alt] pa/ ev5ts1 nor make twice t5 any?+ else ?an tw5ty4 ,pl9y !n concludes3 8,by :i* is reveal$ 9 no unc]ta9 wise ! p[] ( ,nature1 & t is :at we call ,god40 ,9 _m o!r passages he exclaims at ,nature's b5ignity or provid5ce4 ,he believ$ t ! s\l _h no sep>ate exi/5ce f ! body1#abh & t aft] dea? !re 0 no m s5se left 9 body or s\l ?an 0 !re be=e bir?4 ,! hope ( p]sonal immortality he scorn$ z 8pu]ile rav+s0 produc$ by ! fe> ( dea?1 & he believ$ /ill less 9 ! possibility ( any resurrection ( ! body4 ,9 %ort1 natural law1 me*anical =ce1 & facts capable ( sci5tific inve/igation w\ld seem to be all t he w admit & to suffice to satisfy 8 /rong intellect4 ,yet we %all lat] f9d him hav+ ! greate/ difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ betwe5 sci5ce & magic1 & giv+ cr$5ce to _m details 9 sci5ce :i* seem to u q z sup]/iti\s z ! pagan beliefs conc]n+ ! gods :i* he reject$4 ,b if any read] is incl9$ to belittle ,pl9y = ?is1 let him fir/ /op & ?9k h[ ,pl9y w\ld ridicule "s mod]n sci5ti/s = _! religi\s beliefs1 or = _! spiritualism or psy*ic rese>*4 ,sid5ote3 ,pl9y n a tra9$ naturali/4 ,x is desirable1 h[ev]1 to =m "s e/imate ( ,pl9y's fitness = 8 task 9 ord] to judge h[ accurate a picture ( anci5t sci5ce 8 "w is4 ,he does n seem to h _h mu* detail$ tra9+ or exp]i5ce 9 ! natural sci5ces himself4 ,he writes n z a naturali/ :o has obs]v$ widely & pr(\ndly ! ph5om5a & op]ations ( nature1 b z an omnivor\s read] & volum9\s note-tak] :o owes 8 k l>gely to books or he>say1 al?\gh occasionally he says 8,i "k0 in/ead ( 8!y say10 or gives ! results ( 8 own obs]vation & exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! ma9 he is n a sci5ti/ himself b only a hi/orian ( sci5ce or nature2 aft] all1 8 title1 ,natural ,hi/ory1 is a v fitt+ "o4 ,! "q1 ( c\rse1 arises :e!r he has suffici5t sci5tific tra9+ to evaluate prop]ly ! "w ( ! pa/4 ,has he read ! be/ au?ors1 has he not$ _! be/ passages1 has he und]/ood _! mean+8 ,does he repeat inf]ior !ories & omit ! correct] views ( c]ta9 ,alex&rian sci5ti/s8 ,^! que/ions are h>d to answ]4 ,on 8 behalf x may be said t he deals little ) ab/ruse sci5tific !ory & ma9ly ) simple sub/ances & geographical places1 matt]s 9 :i* x seems difficult = him to g f> a/ray4 ,sci5tific speciali/s 7 n num]\s 9 ^? days1 anyway1 & sci5ce _h n yet s f> advanc$ & ramifi$ t "o man might n hope to cov] ! entire field & d x sub/antial ju/ice4 ,pl9y ! ,y\ng] 0 p]haps a p>tial judge1 b he describ$ ! ,natural ,hi/ory z 8a "w rem>kable = its compreh5siv5ess & erudition1 & n less v>i$ ?an ,nature h]self40#abi ,sid5ote3 ,8 use ( au?orities4 ,"o ?+ 9 ,pl9y's favor z a compil]1 besides 8 p]sonal indu/ry1 unflagg+ int]e/1 & app>5tly abundant supply ( cl]ical assi/ance1 is 8 full & hone/ /atem5t ( 8 au?orities1 al?\gh he adds t he has caught _m au?ors transcrib+ o!rs v]batim )\t ackn[l$gm5t4 ,he has1 h[ev]1 great admiration = _m ( 8 au?orities1 exclaim+ m ?an once at ! c>e & dilig5ce ( ! m5 ( ! pa/ :o h left no?+ untri$ or unexp]i5c$1 f trackless m\nta9 tops to ! roots ( h]bs4#acj ,sometimes1 nev]!less1 he disputes _! ass]tions4 ,= in/ance1 ,hippocrates said t ! appe>ance ( jaundice on ! sev5? day 9 fev] is a fatal sign1 8b we "k "s :o h liv$ ev5 aft] ?is40#aca ,pl9y also scolds ,sophocles = 8 falsehoods conc]n+ amb]4#acb ,x may seem surpris+ t he %\ld expect /rict sci5tific tru? f a dramatic poet1 b ,pl9y1 l _m m$ieval writ]s1 seems to reg>d poets z good sci5tific au?orities4 ,9 ano!r passage he accepts ,sophocles' /atem5t t a c]ta9 plant is poison\s1 r ?an ! contr>y view ( o!r writ]s1 say+ 8! au?ority ( s prom95t a man moves me aga9/ _! op9ions40#acc ,he also cites ,m5&] conc]n+ fi% &1 l almo/ all ! anci5ts1 reg>ds ,hom] z an au?ority on all matt]s4#acd ,pl9y sometimes cites ! works ( ,k+ ,juba ( ,numidia1 ?an :om !re h>dly seems to h be5 a great] li> 9 antiquity4#ace ,he /at$ among o!r ?+s 9 a "w :i* he wrote = ,gaius ,caes>1 ! son ( ,augu/us1 t a :ale six hundr$ feet long & ?ree hundr$ & sixty feet broad _h ent]$ a riv] 9 ,arabia4#acf ,b :]e %\ld ,pl9y turn = sob] tru?8 ,! ,/oic ,*rysippus prat$ ( amulets2#acg treatises ascrib$ to ! great philosoph]s ,democritus & ,py?agoras#ach 7 full ( magic2 & 9 ! works ( ,cic]o he read ( a man :o c\ld see = a di/ance ( "o hundr$ & ?irty-five miles1 & 9 ,v>ro t ?is man1 /&+ on a ,sicilian promontory1 c\ld c\nt ! numb] ( %ips sail+ out ( ! h>bor ( ,c>?age4#aci ,sid5ote3 ,8 lack ( arrangem5t & classification4 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory has be5 criticiz$ z poorly arrang$ & lack+ 9 sci5tific classification1 b ?is is a criticism :i* c be made ( _m works ( ! classical p]iod4 ,_! pres5tation is apt to be rambl+ & discursive r ?an logical & sy/ematic4 ,ev5 ,ari/otle's ,hi/ory ( ,animals is describ$ by ,lewes#adj z unclassifi$ 9 its arrangem5t & c>eless 9 its selection ( mat]ial4 ,i h (t5 ?\ght t ! s*ola/ic c5turies did mank9d at lea/ "o s]vice1 t ( tea*+ lectur]s & writ]s h[ to arrange _! mat]ial4 ,pl9y seems r 9 advance ( 8 times 9 supply+ full tables ( cont5ts = ! busy emp]or's conv5i5ce4 ,val]ius ,soranus seems to h be5 ! only previ\s ,roman writ] to d ?is4 ,"o indication ( ha/e 9 composition & failure to sift & comp>e 8 mat]ial is ! fact t ,pl9y sometimes makes or includes contradictory /atem5ts1 probably tak5 f diff]5t au?orities4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he n infrequ5tly alludes to previ\s passages 9 8 own "w1 ?us %[+ t he has 8 mat]ial fairly well 9 h&4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 scepticism & cr$ulity4 ,pl9y once said t !re 0 no book s bad b :at "s good might be got f x1#ada & to ! mod]n read] he seems almo/ incr$ibly cr$ul\s & indiscrim9ate 9 8 selection ( mat]ial1 & to lack any /&>d ( judgm5t betwe5 ! true & ! false4 ,yet he (t5 assumes an air ( scepticism & c5sures o!rs %>ply = _! cr$ulity or exagg]ation4 8',tis /range10 he rem>ks propos ( "s tales ( m5 trans=m$ into wolves = n9e or t5 ye>s1 8h[ f> ,greek cr$ulity has gone4 ,no lie is s impud5t t x lacks a v\*]40#adb ,once he expresses 8 det]m9ation to include only ^? po9ts on :i* 8 au?orities are 9 agreem5t4#adc ,sid5ote3 ,a guide to anci5t sci5ce4 ,on ! :ole1 :ile to u to-day ! ,natural ,hi/ory seems a disord]ly & indiscrim9ate conglom]ation ( fact & fiction1 its defects are probably to a great ext5t ^? ( its age & ( ! writ]s f :om x has borr[$4 ,if x does n reflect ! highe/ a*ievem5ts & cle>e/ ?9k+ ( ! be/ sci5ti/s ( antiquity--& be x said t !re are a numb] ( ! ,hell5i/ic age ( :om we %\ld "k less ?an we d b = ,pl9y--x probably is a fairly fai?ful epitome ( sci5ce & error conc]n+ nature 9 8 own "t & ! c5turies prec$+4 ,at any rate x is ! be/ portrayal t has rea*$ u4 ,f x we c get our backgr\nd ( ! confusion ( magic & sci5ce 9 ! ,hell5i/ic age1 & !n reveal aga9/ ?is sett+ ! developm5t ( !m bo? 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,roman ,empire & middle ages4 ,pl9y gives s _m items ^u ea* po9t1 & is s mu* full] ?an ! av]age anci5t or m$ieval book ( sci5ce1 t he s]ves z a ref]5ce book1 be+ ! likelie/ place to look to f9d duplicat$ "s /atem5t conc]n+ nature by a lat] writ]4 ,?is ( c\rse %[s t su* a /atem5t did n orig9ate ) ! lat] writ]1 b is n a sure sign t he copi$ f ,pl9y2 !y may bo? h us$ ! same au?orities1 z seems ! case ) ,greek au?ors lat] 9 ! empire :o probably did n "k ( ,pl9y's "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 m$ieval influ5ce4 ,9 ! middle ages1 h[ev]1 ,pl9y _h an und\bt$ direct influ5ce4#add ,manuscripts ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory are num]\s1 al?\gh 9 a sc>cely legible condition ow+ to corrections & em5dations :i* enhance ! obscurity ( ! text & p]haps d ,pl9y grave inju/ice 9 o!r respects4#ade ,also _m manuscripts conta9 only a few books or fragm5ts ( ! text1 s t x is possible t _m m$ieval s*ol>s knew _! ,pl9y only 9 "p4#adf ,?is1 h[ev]1 c sc>cely be argu$ f _! failure to include m f him 9 _! own works2 = t might be due to _! kn[+ ! ,natural ,hi/ory s well t !y took its cont5ts = grant$ & tri$ to include o!r mat]ial 9 _! own works4 ,9 a lat] *apt] we %all treat ( ,! ,m$ic9e ( ,pl9y1 a treatise d]iv$ f ! ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,pl9y's phrase r]um natura figures z ! title ( sev]al m$ieval encyclop$ias ( some:at simil> scope4 ,& 8 own "n 0 too well kn[n 9 ! middle ages to escape hav+ a "w on ! philosoph]'s /one ascrib$ to him4#adg ,sid5ote3 ,e>ly pr9t$ edition4 ,t ! ,natural ,hi/ory 0 well kn[n z a :ole at lea/ by ! close ( ! middle ages is %[n by ! num]\s editions1 "s ( !m magnific5tly pr9t$1 :i* 7 turn$ (f f ! ,italian presses imm$iately aft] ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,9 ! ,magliabe*ian ,libr>y ( ,flor5ce alone are editions pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #adfi & #adgb1 at ,rome 9 #adgc & ,p>ma 9 #adha1 aga9 at ,v5ice 9 #adhg1 #adia1 & #adii1 n to m5tion ,italian translations :i* appe>$ at ,v5ice 9 #adgf & #adhi4adh ,^! editions 7 accompani$ by "s publi%$ criticism ( ,pl9y's /atem5ts1 s9ce 9 #adib appe>$ at ,f]r>a a treatise ,on ! ,errors ( ,pl9y & ,o!rs 9 ,m$ic9e by ,ni*olas ,leonic5us ( ,vic5za ) a d$ication to ,politian4#adi ,b two ye>s lat] ,pl9y f\nd a def5d] 9 ,p&ulph ,coll5ucius4#aej ,b ,pl9y's future influ5ce w come out repeat$ly 9 lat] *apt]s4 ,we %all n[ inquire1 fir/1 :at signs ( exp]im5tal sci5ce he %[s1 ei!r d]iv$ f ! pa/ or add$ by himself4 ,second1 :at he def9es z magic & :at he has to say ab\t x4 ,?ird1 h[ mu* ( :at he supposes to be natural sci5ce mu/ we reg>d z ess5tially magic8 ,,ii4 ,its ,exp]im5tal ,t5d5cy ,sid5ote3 ,importance ( obs]vation & exp]i5ce4 ,x is probably only a co9cid5ce t two m$ieval manuscripts close ! ,natural ,hi/ory 9 ! mid/ ( ! sev5ty-six? *apt] ( ! la/ book ) ! words1 8,exp]im5ta pluribus modis con/ant4444 ,primum pond]e40#aea ,b al?\gh f ! v nature ( 8 "w ,pl9y makes ext5sive use ( au?orities1 he n infrequ5tly manife/s a realization1 z "o deal+ ) ! facts ( nature %\ld1 ( ! importance ( obs]vation & exp]i5ce z means ( rea*+ ! tru?4 ,! claims ( _m ,romans ( high rank to h c>ri$ _! arms z f> z ,m\nt ,atlas1 :i* ,pl9y decl>es has be5 repeat$ly %[n by exp]i5ce to be mo/ fallaci\s1 leads him to ! fur!r reflection t n[h]e is a lapse ( "o's cr$ulity easi] ?an :]e a dignifi$ au?or supports a false /atem5t4#aeb ,9 o!r passages he calls exp]i5ce ! be/ tea*] 9 all ?+s1#aec & contra/s unfavorably g>rulity ( words & sitt+ 9 s*ools ) go+ to solitudes & seek+ h]bs at _! appropriate seasons4 ,t ^u our globe ! l& is entirely surr\nd$ by wat] does n require1 he says1 inve/igation by argum5ts1 b is n[ kn[n by exp]i5ce4#aed ,& if ! salam&] really ext+ui%$ fire1 x w\ld h be5 tri$ at ,rome long ago4#aee ,on ! o!r h&1 we f9d "s ass]tions 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory :i* ,pl9y might easily h te/$ himself & f\nd false1 su* z 8 /atem5t t an egg-%ell _c be brok5 by =ce or any weight unless x is tipp$ a little to "o side4#aef ,sometimes he gives 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce1#aeg b also m5tions exp]i5ce 9 _m o!r connections4 ,sid5ote3 ,use ( ! ^w exp]im5tum4 ,! ^w employ$ mo/ ( ! "t by ,pl9y to d5ote exp]i5ce is exp]im5tum4#aeh ,9 _m passages ! ^w does n indicate any?+ l a purposive1 pre>rang$1 sci5tific exp]im5t 9 our s5se ( t ^w1 b simply ! ord9>y exp]i5ce ( daily life4#aei ,we are also told :at exp]ti1#afj or m5 ( exp]i5ce1 advise4 ,9 a numb] ( passages1 h[ev]1 exp]im5tum is us$ 9 a s5se some:at m closely approa*+ our 8exp]im5t40 ,^! are cases :]e some?+ is be+ te/$4 ,= in/ance1 a me?od ( det]m9+ :e!r an egg is fre% or rott5 by putt+ x 9 wat] & wat*+ if x floats or s9ks is call$ an exp]im5tum4#afa ,t horses w\ld :9ny at no o!r pa9t+ ( a horse ?an t by ,apelles is spok5 ( z illius exp]im5tum artis1 a te/ (1 or te/imony to1 8 art4#afb ,! expression religionis exp]im5to is appli$ to a religi\s te/ or ordeal by :i* ! virg9ity ( ,claudia 0 v9dicat$4#afc ,! ^w is also us$ ( ways ( tell+ if ungu5ts are good#afd & if w9e is beg9n+ to turn2#afe & ( v>i\s te/s ( ! g5u95ess ( drugs1 gems1 e>?s1 & metals4#aff ,x is also twice us$ ( lett+ d[n a light$ lamp into a huge w9e cask or into wells to discov] if !re is dang] at ! bottom f noxi\s vapors4#afg ,if ! lamp 0 ext+ui%$1 x 0 a sign ( p]il to human life4 ,pl9y fur!r sugge/s purposive exp]im5tation 9 speak+ ( exp]im5ta to discov] wat] "u gr\nd#afh & 9 graft+ trees4#afi ,sid5ote3 ,exp]im5ts due to sci5tific curiosity4 ,mo/ ( ! te/s & exp]i5ces ?us f> m5tion$ h be5 practical op]ations connect$ ) husb&ry & indu/ry4 ,b ,pl9y rec\nts "o or two o!rs :i* seem to h be5 dictat$ solely by sci5tific curiosity4 ,he classifies ! foll[+ z exp]im5ta3#agj ! s9k+ ( a well to prove by its complete illum9ation t ! sun ca/s no %ad[ at noon ( ! summ] sol/ice2 ! m>k+ ( a dolph9's tail 9 ord] to ?r[ "s light ^u its l5g? ( life1 %\ld x ev] be captur$ aga91 z x 0 ?ree hundr$ ye>s lat]--p]haps ! exp]im5t ( longe/ duration on record2#aga & ! ca/+ ( a man into a pit ( s]p5ts at ,rome to det]m9e if he 0 really immune f _! /+s4#agb ,sid5ote3 ,m$ical exp]im5tation4 ,exp]im5tum is employ$ by ,pl9y 9 a m$ical s5se :i* becomes v common 9 ! middle ages4 ,he calls "s rem$ies = too?a*e & inflam$ eyes c]ta exp]im5ta--sure exp]i5ces4#agc ,lat] exp]im5tum came to be appli$ to almo/ any recipe or rem$y4 ,pl9y1 inde$1 speaks ( ! doctors z le>n+ at our risk & gett+ exp]i5ce ?r\gh our dea?s4#agd ,9 ano!r passage he /ates m favorably t 8!re is no end to exp]im5t+ ) ev]y?+ s t ev5 poisons are =c$ to cure u40#age ,he also briefly m5tions ! m$ical sect ( ,empirics1 ( :om we %all he> m f ,gal54 ,he says t !y s "n !mselves f exp]i5ces#agf & orig9at$ at ,agrig5tum 9 ,sicily "u ,acron & ,emp$ocles4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ance exp]i5ce & div9e revelation4 ,pl9y is puzzl$ h[ "s ?+s :i* he f9ds /at$ 9 8au?ors fam\s = wisdom0 7 ev] le>n$ by exp]i5ce1 = example1 t ! />-fi% has su* fi]y f]vor t x burns ev]y?+ 9 ! sea :i* x t\*es1 & dige/s its food in/antly4#agg ,t adamant c be brok5 only by goat's blood he ?9ks mu/ h be5 div9ely reveal$1 = x w\ld h>dly h be5 discov]$ by *ance1 & he _c imag9e t anyone w\ld ev] h ?\ght ( te/+ a sub/ance ( imm5se value 9 a fluid ( "o ( ! f\le/ ( animals4#agh ,9 sev]al o!r passages he sugge/s *ance1 accid5t1 dreams1#agi or div9e revelation z ! ways 9 :i* ! m$ic9al virtues ( c]ta9 simples 7 discov]$4 ,rec5tly1 = example1 x 0 discov]$ t ! root ( ! wild rose is a rem$y = hydrophobia by ! "m ( a soldi] 9 ! praetorian gu>d1 :o 0 w>n$ 9 a dream to s5d h] son ?is root1 :i* cur$ him & _m o!rs :o h tri$ x s9ce4#ahj ,& a soldi] 9 ,pompey's "t accid5tally discov]$ a cure = elephantiasis :5 he hid 8 face = %ame 9 "s wild m9t leaves4#aha ,ano!r h]b 0 accid5tally f\nd to be a cure = disord]s ( ! sple5 :5 ! entrails ( a sacrificial victim happ5$ to be ?r[n on x & x entirely consum$ ! milt4#ahb ,! heal+ prop]ties ( v9eg> = ! /+ ( ! asp 7 discov]$ by *ance 9 ?is wise4 ,a man :o 0 /ung by an asp :ile c>ry+ a lea!r bottle ( v9eg> notic$ t he felt ! /+ only :5 he set ! bottle d[n4#ahc ,he !re=e decid$ to try ! effects ( a dr9k ( ! liquid & 0 !reby fully cur$4#ahd ,o!r rem$ies are le>n$ ?r\gh ! exp]i5ce ( ru/ics & illit]ate p]sons1 & yet o!rs may be discov]$ by obs]v+ animals :o cure _! ills by !m4#ahe ,pl9y's op9ion is t ! animals h hit ^u !m by *ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>vels prov$ by exp]i5ce4 ,pl9y repres5ts a numb] ( m>vel\s & to u incr$ible ?+s z prov$ by exp]i5ce4 ,div9ation f ?und]1 = in/ance1 is support$ by innum]able exp]i5ces1 public & private4 ,9 two passages out ( ! ?ree m5tion+ exp]ti :i* ,i cit$ above1 ^? exp]i5c$ p]sons recomm5d$ a decid$ly magical sort ( proc$ure4#ahf ,9 ano!r passage 8! exp]i5ce ( _m0 supports 8a /range obs]vance0 9 pluck+ a bud4#ahg ,a f\r? bit ( magical proc$ure is call$ 8m>vel\s b easily te/$40#ahh ,?us ! transition is an easy "o f signs ( exp]im5tal sci5ce 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory to our next topic1 ,pl9y's acc\nt ( magic4 ,,iii4 ,pl9y's ,acc\nt ( ,magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,ori5tal orig9 ( magic4 ,pl9y supplies "s acc\nt ( ! orig9 & spread ( magic#ahi b a r confus$ & possibly unreliable "o1 z he m5tions two ,zoroa/]s sep>at$ by an int]val ( five or six ?\s& ye>s1 & two ,o/haneses1 "o ( :om accompani$ ,x]xes1 & ! o!r ,alex&]1 9 _! respective exp$itions4 ,he says1 inde$1 t x is n cle> :e!r "o or two ,zoroa/]s exi/$4 ,9 any case magic has fl\ri%$ greatly ! _w ov] = _m c5turies1 & 0 f\nd$ 9 ,p]sia by ,zoroa/]4 ,"s o!r magicians ( ,m$ia1 ,babylonia1 & ,assyria are m]e names to ,pl9y2 lat] he m5tions o!rs l ,apollobe*es & ,d>danus4 ,al?\gh he ?us d]ives magic f ! ori5t1 he appe>s to make no di/9ction1 z we %all f9d o!r writ]s do+1 betwe5 ! ,magi ( ,p]sia & ord9>y magicians1 nor does he employ ! ^w magic 9 two s5ses4 ,he makes x evid5t1 h[ev]1 t !re h be5 o!r m5 :o h reg>d$ magic m favorably ?an he does4 ,sid5ote3 ,its spread to ! ,greeks4 ,pl9y next traces ! spread ( magic among ! ,greeks4 ,he m>vels at ! lack ( x 9 ! ,iliad & ! abundance ( x 9 ! ,odyssey4 ,he is unc]ta9 :e!r to class ,orpheus z a magician1 & m5tions ,!ssaly z fam\s = its wit*es at lea/ z e>ly z ! "t ( ,m5&] :o nam$ "o ( 8 com$ies aft] !m4 ,b he reg>ds ! ,o/hanes :o accompani$ ,x]xes z ! prime introduc] ( magic to ! ,greek-speak+ _w1 :i* /raightway w5t mad ov] x4 ,9 ord] to le>n m ( x1 ! philosoph]s ,py?agoras1 ,emp$ocles1 ,democritus1 & ,plato w5t into di/ant exile & on _! return dissem9at$ _! lore4 ,pl9y reg>ds ! works ( ,democritus z ! greate/ s+le factor 9 t dissem9ation ( ! doctr9es ( magic :i* occurr$ at ab\t ! same "t t m$ic9e 0 be+ develop$ by ! works ( ,hippocrates4 ,"s reg>d$ ! books on magic ascrib$ to ,democritus z spuri\s1 b ,pl9y insi/s t !y are g5u9e4#aij ,sid5ote3 ,its spread outside ! ,graeco-,roman _w4 ,outside ( ! ,greek-speak+ _w1 :5ce ( c\rse magic spread to ,rome1 ,pl9y m5tions ,jewi% magic1 repres5t$ by su* names z ,moses1 ,jannes1 & ,lotapes4 ,b he holds t magic did n orig9ate among ! ,hebrews until long aft] ,zoroa/]4 ,he also speaks ( ! magic ( ,cyprus2 ( ! ,druids1 :o 7 ! magicians1 div9]s1 & m$ic9e m5 ( ,gaul until ! emp]or ,tib]ius suppress$ !m2 & ( di/ant ,brita94#aia ,?us discordant nations & ev5 ^? ignorant ( "o ano!r's exi/5ce agree ! _w ov] 9 _! devotion to magic4 ,f :at ,pl9y tells u else:]e ( ! ,scy?ians we c see t ! nomads ( ! ,russian /eppes & ,turke/an 7 devot$ to magic too4 ,sid5ote3 ,failure to und]/& its true orig94 ,x has be5 %[n t ,pl9y reg>d$ magic z a mass ( doctr9es =mulat$ by a s+le f\nd] & n z a gradual social evolution1 j z ! ,greeks & ,romans ascrib$ _! laws & cu/oms to "s s+le legislator4 ,he admits 9 a way1 h[ev]1 ! great antiquity claim$ by magic = itself1 al?\gh he que/ions h[ ! bulky dicta ( ,zoroa/] & ,d>danus c\ld h be5 h&$ d[n by memory dur+ s long a p]iod4 ,?is rem>k aga9 %[s h[ little he ?9ks ( magic z a set ( social cu/oms & attitudes p]petuat$ ?r\gh con/ant & univ]sal practice f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,yet :at he says ( its widespread preval5ce among unconnect$ peoples goes to prove ?is4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic & div9ation4 ,pl9y has a cle>] compreh5sion ( ! ext5sive scope ( magic & ( its ess5tial *>act]i/ics1 at lea/ z x 0 9 8 day4 8,no "o %\ld wond]10 he says1 8t its au?ority has be5 v great1 s9ce alone ( ! arts x has embrac$ & unit$ ) itself ! ?ree o!r subjects :i* make ! greate/ appeal to ! human m9d10 namely1 m$ic9e1 religion1 & ! arts ( div9ation1 especially a/rology4 ,t 8 phrase artes ma!maticas has ref]5ce to a/rology is %[n by 8 imm$iately cont9u+1 8s9ce !re is no "o :o is n eag] to le>n ! future ab\t himself & :o does n ?9k t ?is is mo/ truly reveal$ by ! sky40 ,b magic fur!r 8promises to reveal ! future by wat] & sph]es & air & />s & lamps & bas9s & ! blades ( axes & by _m o!r me?ods1 besides conf]5ces ) %ades f ! inf]nal regions40 ,!re c !re=e be no d\bt t ,pl9y reg>ds ! v>i\s arts ( div9ation z p>ts ( magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic & religion4 ,:ile we h he>d ,pl9y ass]t 9 g5]al ! close connection betwe5 magic & religion1 ! "* ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory1 :i* deals ) natural r ?an religi\s matt]s1 does n lead him to ent] into mu* fur!r detail ^u ?is po9t4 ,8 occasional m5tion ( religi\s usages 9 8 own day1 h[ev]1 supports our in=mation f o!r s\rces t ! orig9al ,roman religion 0 v l>gely compos$ ( magic =ces1 rules1 & c]emonial4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic & m$ic9e4 ,ne>ly half ! books ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory deal 9 :ole or 9 "p ) rem$ies = diseases1 & x is !re=e ( ! relations betwe5 magic & natural sci5ce1 & m p>ticul>ly betwe5 magic & m$ic9e1 t ,pl9y gives u ! mo/ detail$ in=mation4 ,inde$1 he ass]ts t 8no "o d\bts0 t magic 8orig9ally sprang f m$ic9e & crept 9 "u ! %[ ( promot+ heal? z a l(ti] & m sacr$ m$ic9e40 ,magic & m$ic9e h develop$ toge!r1 & ! latt] is n[ 9 imm95t dang] ( be+ ov]:elm$ by ! follies ( magic1 :i* h made m5 d\bt :e!r plants possess any m$ic9al prop]ties4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic & philosophy4 ,9 ! op9ion ( _m1 h[ev]1 magic is s\nd & b5eficial le>n+4 ,9 antiquity1 & = t matt] at almo/ all times1 ! height ( lit]>y fame & glory has be5 s\ght f t sci5ce4#aib ,eudoxus w\ld h x ! mo/ not$ & useful ( all s*ools ( philosophy4 ,emp$ocles & ,plato /udi$ x2 ,py?agoras & ,democritus p]petuat$ x 9 _! writ+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,fals5ess ( magic4 ,b ,pl9y himself feels t ! ass]tions ( ! books ( magic are fanta/ic1 exagg]at$1 & untrue4 ,he repeat$ly br&s ! magi or magicians z fools or impo/ors1 & _! /atem5ts z absurd & impud5t tissues ( lies4#aic ,vanitas1 or 8nons5se10 is 8 /ock-^w = _! beliefs4#aid ,"s ( _! writ+s mu/1 9 8 op9ion1 h be5 dictat$ by a feel+ ( contempt & d]ision = humanity4#aie ,n]o prov$ ! fals5ess ( ! art1 = al?\gh he /udi$ magic eag]ly & ) 8 unlimit$ weal? & p[] _h e opportunity to become a skilful practition]1 he 0 unable to "w any m>vels & ab&on$ ! attempt4#aif ,pl9y !re=e comes to ! conclusion t magic is 8invalid & empty1 yet has "s %ad[s ( tru?1 :i* h[ev] are due m to poisons ?an to magic40#aig ,sid5ote3 ,crimes ( magic4 ,! la/ rem>k br+s u to *>ges ( evil practices made aga9/ ! magicians4 ,besides poisons1 !y specialize 9 love-potions & drugs to produce abortions2#aih & "s ( _! op]ations are inhuman or obsc5e & abom9able4 ,!y attempt baleful sorc]y or ! transf] ( disease f "o p]son to ano!r4#aii ,o/hanes & ev5 ,democritus prop\nd su* rem$ies z dr9k+ human blood or utiliz+ 9 magic comp\nds & c]emonies p>ts ( ! corpses ( m5 :o h be5 viol5tly sla94#bjj ,pl9y ?9ks t humanity owes a great debt to ! ,roman gov]nm5t = aboli%+ ^? mon/r\s rites ( human sacrifice1 89 :i* to slay a man 0 ?\ght mo/ pi\s2 nay m1 to eat m5 0 ?\ght mo/ :olesome40#bja ,sid5ote3 ,pl9y's c5sure ( magic is ma9ly intellectual4 ,pl9y nev]!less lays less /ress ^u ! moral argum5t aga9/ magic z crim9al or indec5t ?an he does ^u ! intellectual objection to x z untrue & unsci5tific4 ,inde$1 s f> z dec5cy is conc]n$1 8 own m$ic9e w be se5 to be f> f prudi%1 :ile he else:]e gives in/ances ( magicians gu>d+ aga9/ defilem5t4#bjb ,moreov]1 among ! me?ods employ$ & ! results s\ght by magic :i* he frequ5tly m5tions !re are comp>atively few t are morally objectionable1 al?\gh !y seem )\t exception false4 ,b _m ( _! recipes aim at ! cure ( disease & o!r wor?y1 or at lea/ admissible1 objects4 ,possibly ,pl9y has some:at c5sor$ _! lore & tri$ to exclude all crim9al secrets1 b 8 c5sure seems m intellectual ?an moral4 ,= in/ance1 he fills a long *apt] ) extracts f a treatise on ! virtues ( ! *ameleon & its p>ts by ,democritus1 :om he reg>ds z a lead+ purveyor ( magic lore4#bjc ,9 op5+ ! *apt] ,pl9y hails 8) great pleasure0 ! opportunity to expose 8! lies ( ,greek vanity10 b at its close he expresses a wi% t ,democritus himself _h be5 t\*$ ) ! bran* ( a palm :i* he said prev5ts immod]ate loquacity4 ,pl9y !n adds m *>itably1 8,x is evid5t t ?is man1 :o 9 o!r respects 0 a wise & mo/ useful memb] ( society1 has err$ f too great zeal 9 s]v+ humanity40 ,sid5ote3 ,vagu5ess ( ,pl9y's scepticism4 ,pl9y himself fails to ma9ta9 a consi/5tly sceptical attitude t[>ds magic4 ,8 exact attitude is (t5 h>d to det]m9e4 ,(t5 x is difficult to say :e!r he is speak+ 9 sob] e>ne/ or 9 a tone ( light & easy pleasantry & s>casm1 z 9 ! passage j cit$ conc]n+ ,democritus4 ,ano!r puzzl+ po9t is 8 frequ5t excuse t he w li/ c]ta9 ass]tions ( ! magicians 9 ord] to expose or confute !m4 ,b really he usually simply sets !m =?1 app>5tly expect+ t _! inh]5t & pat5t absurdity w prove a suffici5t refutation ( !m4 ,on ! r>e occasions :5 he und]takes to indicate 9 :at ! absurdity consi/s 8 reason+ is sc>cely sci5tific or conv9c+4 ,?us he affirms t 8x is a peculi> pro( ( ! vanity ( ! magicians t ( all animals !y mo/ admire moles :o are condemn$ by nature 9 s _m ways1 to p]petual bl9dness & to dig 9 ! d>kness z if !y 7 buri$40#bjd ,& he assails ! belief ( ! magi#bje t an owl's egg is good = diseases ( ! scalp by ask+1 8,:o1 ,i beg1 c\ld ev] h se5 an owl's egg1 s9ce x is a prodigy to see ! bird itself80 ,moreov]1 he sometimes cites ass]tions ( ! magicians )\t any c5sure1 apology1 or expression ( disbelief2 & !re are _m o!r passages :]e x is practically impossible to tell :e!r he is cit+ ! magicians or n4 ,sometimes he w app>5tly cont9ue to ref] to !m by a pron\n 9 *apt]s :]e !y h n be5 m5tion$ by "n at all4#bjf ,9 o!r places he w imp]ceptibly cease to quote ! magi & aft] an int]val p]haps z imp]ceptibly resume citation ( _! doctr9es4#bjg ,x is also difficult to det]m9e j :5 writ]s l ,democritus & ,py?agoras are to be reg>d$ z repres5tatives ( magic & :5 _! /atem5ts are accept$ by ,pl9y z ^? ( s\nd philosoph]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic & sci5ce indi/+ui%able4 ,p]haps1 despite ,pl9y's occasional brave ef=ts to )/& & ev5 ridicule ! ass]tions ( ! magicians1 he c\ld n free himself f a secret lik+ = !m & m ?an half believ$ !m4 ,at any rate he believ$ v simil> ?+s4 ,ev5 m likely is x t previ\s works on nature 7 s full ( su* mat]ial & ! read]s ( 8 own day s int]e/$ 9 x1 t he c\ld n b include mu* ( x4 ,once he expla9s#bjh t c]ta9 /atem5ts are sc>cely to be tak5 s]i\sly1 yet %\ld n be omitt$1 because !y h be5 transmitt$ f ! pa/4 ,aga9 he begs ! read]'s indulg5ce = simil> 8vanities ( ! ,greeks10 8because ?is too has its value t we %\ld "k :atev] m>vels !y h transmitt$40#bji ,! tru? ( ! matt] probably is t ,pl9y reject$ "s ass]tions ( ! magicians b f\nd o!rs acceptable2 t he gets 8 occasional attitude ( scepticism & ridicule ( _! doctr9es f "o set ( au?orities1 & 8 mom5ts ( unque/ion+ acceptance ( _! /atem5ts f o!r au?ors on :om he relies4 ,v likely 9 ! books :i* he us$ x (t5 0 no cle>] ?an x is 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory :e!r a /atem5t 0 to be ascrib$ to ! magi or n4 ,v possibly ,pl9y 0 z confus$ 9 8 own m9d conc]n+ ! entire bus9ess z he seems to be to u4 ,he c\ld no m keep magic out ( 8 ,natural ,hi/ory ?an poor ,mr4 ,dick c\ld keep ,*>les ! ,fir/'s head out ( 8 book4 ,"o fact at any rate /&s out cle>ly1 ! prom95ce ( magic 9 8 encyclop$ia & 9 ! le>n+ ( 8 age4 ,,iv4 ,! ,sci5ce ( ! ,magi ,sid5ote3 ,magicians z inve/igators ( nature4 ,let u n[ fur!r exam9e ,pl9y's picture ( magic1 n z he expressly def9es or c5sures x1 b z he reflects its own ass]tions & purposes 9 8 fairly num]\s citations f its lit]ature & p]haps its practice4 ,"h ,i %all r /rictly limit my survey to ^? /atem5ts :i* ,pl9y def9itely ascribes by "n to ! magi or magic art4 ,! mo/ /rik+ fact is t ! magicians are cit$ aga9 & aga9 conc]n+ ! suppos$ prop]ties1 virtues1 & effects ( ?+s 9 nature--h]bs1 animals1 & /ones4 ,^! virtues are1 x is true1 (t5 employ$ 9 an ef=t to produce wond]ful results1 & (t5 too !y are comb9$ ) "s fanta/ic rite or sup]/iti\s c]emonial p]=m$ by a human ag5t4 ,b 9 _m cases ei!r no rite at all is sugge/$ or m]ely "s simple m$ic9al application2 & 9 a few cases !re is no m5tion ( any p>ticul> op]ation or result1 ! magicians are cit$ simply z au?orities conc]n+ ! great b unspecifi$ virtues ( natural objects4 ,inde$1 !y /& out 9 ,pl9y's pages n z m]e sorc]]s or en*ant]s or wond]-work]s1 b z ^? :o h gone ! f>!/ & 9 mo/ detail--too f> & too curi\sly 9 ,pl9y's op9ion--into ! /udy ( m$ic9e & ( nature4 ,sometimes _! /atem5ts1 cit$ )\t c5sure1 supplem5t o!rs conc]n+ ! species "u discussion2#baj sometimes !y are 8 sole s\rce ( in=mation on ! subject 9 h&4#baa ,sid5ote3 ,! magi on h]bs4 ,pl9y connects ! orig9 ( botany r closely ) magic1 m5tion+ ,m$ea & ,circe z e>ly inve/igators ( plants & ,orpheus among ! fir/ writ]s on ! subject4#bab ,moreov]1 ,py?agoras & ,democritus borr[$ f ! magi ( ! ori5t 9 _! works on ! prop]ties ( plants4#bac ,!re w\ld be little pr(it 9 repeat+ ! names ( ! h]bs conc]n+ :i* ,pl9y gives op9ions ( ! magicians1 inasmu* z few ( !m c be associat$ ) any plants kn[n to-day4#bad ,suffice x to say t ,pl9y makes no objection to ! h]bs :i* !y employ$4 ,nor does he criticize _! me?ods ( employ+ !m1 al?\gh "s seem sup]/iti\s en\gh to ! mod]n read]4 ,a *aplet is worn ( "o h]b1#bae o!rs are pluck$ ) ! left h& & ) a /atem5t ( :at !y are to be us$ =1 & 9 "o case )\t look+ backw>d4#baf ,! anemone is to be pluck$ :5 x fir/ appe>s t ye> ) a /atem5t ( its int5d$ use1 & !n is to be wrapp$ 9 a r$ clo? & kept 9 ! %ade1 &1 :5ev] anyone falls sick ( t]tian or qu>tan fev]1 is to be b\nd on ! pati5t's body4#bag ,! heliotrope is n to be pluck$ at all b ti$ 9 ?ree or f\r knots ) a pray] t ! pati5t may recov] to untie ! knots4#bah ,sid5ote3 ,m>vel\s virtues ( h]bs4 ,pl9y does n ev5 object to ! m>vel\s results :i* ! magi ?9k c be ga9$ by use ( h]bs until t[>ds ! close ( 8 tw5ty-f\r? book1 al?\gh already 9 8 tw5tie? & tw5ty-fir/ books su* p[]s h be5 claim$ = h]bs z to make "o well-favor$ & enable "o to atta9 "o's desires1#bai or to give "o grace & glory4#bbj ,at ! end ( 8 tw5ty-f\r? book#bba he /ates t ,py?agoras & ,democritus1 foll[+ ! magi1 ascribe to h]bs unusually m>vel\s virtues su* z to freeze wat]1 invoke spirits1 =ce ! guilty to confess by fright5+ !m ) app>itions1 & imp>t ! gift ( div9ation4 ,e>ly 9 8 tw5ty-fif? book#bbb ,pl9y sugge/s t "s incr$ible effects h be5 attribut$ to h]bs by ! magi & _! disciples1 & 9 a lat] *apt]#bbc he describes ! magi z s mad ab\t v]va9 t !y ?9k t if !y are ano9t$ ) x1 !y c ga9 _! wi%es1 drive away fev]s & o!r diseases1 & make fri5d%ips4 ,! h]b %\ld be pluck$ ab\t ! ris+ ( ! dog-/> :5 !re is nei!r sun nor moon4 ,honey & honeycomb %\ld be (f]$ to appease ! e>?2 !n ! plant %\ld be dug ar\nd ) iron ) ! left h& & rais$ al(t4 ,by ! "t he rea*es 8 tw5ty-six? book ,pl9y's c\rage has ris51 s to speak1 en\gh to cause him at la/ to ent] ^u q a tirade aga9/ 8magical vanities :i* h be5 c>ri$ s f> t !y might de/roy fai? 9 h]bs entirely40#bbd ,z examples he m5tions h]bs suppos$ to dry up riv]s & swamps1 op5 b>r$ doors at _! t\*1 turn ho/ile armies to flight1 & supply all ! ne$s ( ! ambassadors ( ! ,p]sian k+s4 ,he wond]s :y su* h]bs h nev] be5 employ$ 9 ,roman w>f>e or ,italian dra9age4 ,pl9y's only objection to magic h]bs !re=e seems to be ! excessive p[]s :i* are claim$ = "s ( !m4 ,he adds t x w\ld be /range t ! cr$ulity :i* arose f su* :olesome beg9n+s _h rea*$ su* a pit*1 if human +5uity obs]v$ mod]ation 9 any?+ & if ! mu* m rec5t sy/em ( m$ic9e :i* ,asclepiades f\nd$ c\ld n be %[n to h be5 c>ri$ ev5 beyond ! magicians4 ,"h aga9 we see ,pl9y fail+ to recognize magic z a primitive social product & reg>d+ x z a deg5]ation f anci5t sci5ce r ?an sci5ce z a comp>atively mod]n developm5t f x4 ,b he may well be "r 9 ?9k+ t _m p>ticul> f>-fet*$ recipes & rites 7 ! late1 artificial product ( ov]-s*ol>ly magicians4 ,?us he br&s z false & magical ! ass]tion ( a rec5t gramm>ian1 ,apion1 t ! h]b cynocephalia is div9e & a safegu>d aga9/ poison1 b kills ! man :o uproots x entirely4#bbe ,sid5ote3 ,animals & p>ts ( animals4 ,9 a few cases ,pl9y objects to ! animals or p>ts ( animals employ$ by ! magi1 z 9 ! passage already cit$ :]e he compla9s t !y admire moles m ?an any o!r animals4#bbf ,b 8 ass]tion is inconsi/5t1 s9ce he has already affirm$ t !y hold ! hy5a 9 mo/ admiration ( all animals on ! gr\nd t x works magic ^u m54#bbg ,_! promise ( readi] favor ) peoples & k+s to ^? :o ano9t !mselves ) lion's fat1 especially t betwe5 ! eyebr[s1 he criticizes by decl>+ t no fat c be f\nd !re4#bbh ,he also twits ! magi = magnify+ ! importance ( s na/y a creature z ! tick4#bbi ,!y are attract$ to x by ! fact t x has no outlet to its body & c live only sev5 days ev5 if x fa/s4 ,:e!r !re is any a/rological significance 9 ! numb] sev5 "h ,pl9y does n say4 ,he does in=m u1 h[ev]1 t ! cricket is employ$ 9 magic because x moves backw>d4#bcj ,a v biz>re object employ$ by ! ,druids & o!r magicians is a sort ( egg produc$ by ! hiss+ or foam ( snakes4#bca ,! blood ( ! basilisk may also be class$ z a r>ity4 ,app>5tly animals 9 "s way unusual are pref]r$ 9 magic1 l a black %eep1#bcb b ! logic 9 ! reasons giv5 by ,pl9y = _! selection is n cle> 9 e in/ance4 ,9 "s o!r cases n criticiz$ by ,pl9y#bcc we h pla9ly en\gh sympa!tic magic or ! pr9ciple ( l cures l1 z :5 ! milt ( a calf or %eep is us$ to cure diseases ( ! human sple54 ,sid5ote3 ,fur!r in/ances4 ,! magicians1 h[ev]1 d n scorn to use famili> & easily obta9able animals l ! goat & dog & cat4 ,! liv] & dung ( a cat1 a puppy's bra9s1 ! blood & g5itals ( a dog1 & ! gall ( a black male dog are among ! animal sub/ances employ$4#bcd ,su* sub/ances z ^? j nam$ are equally 9 dem& f o!r animals4#bce ,m9ute p>ts ( animals are frequ5tly employ$ by ! magicians1 su* z ! toe ( an owl1 ! liv] ( a m\se giv5 9 a fig1 ! too? ( a live mole1 ! /ones f "y swall[s' gizz>ds1 ! eyes ( riv] crabs4#bcf ,sometimes ! "p employ$ is r$uc$ to a%es1 p]haps a relic ( sacrificial cu/om4 ,?us = too?a*e ! magi inject into ! e> ne>] ! too? ! a%es ( ! head ( a mad dog & oil ( ,cyprus1 :ile !y prescribe = affections ( ! s9ews ! a%es ( an owl's head 9 honi$ w9e ) lily root4#bcg ,o!r liv+ creatures :i* ,pl9y m5tions z us$ by ! magi are ! salam&]1 e>?worm1 bat1 sc>ab ) reflex horns1 liz>d1 tortoise1 b$-bug1 frog1 & sea-ur*94#bch ,! dragon's tail wrapp$ 9 a gazelle's sk9 & b\nd on ) de]-s9ews cures epilepsy1#bci & a mixture ( ! dragon's tongue1 eyes1 gall1 & inte/9es1 boil$ 9 oil1 cool$ 9 ! night air1 & rubb$ on morn+ & ev5+1 frees "o f nocturnal app>itions4#bdj ,sid5ote3 ,magic rites ) animals & p>ts ( animals4 ,sometimes ! p>ts ( animals are b\nd on outside ! pati5t's body1 sometimes ! injur$ portion ( 8 body is m]ely t\*$ ) !m4 ,once ! :ole h\se is to be fumigat$ ) ! sub/ance 9 "q2#bda once ! walls are to be spr9kl$ ) x2 once x is to be buri$ "u ! ?re%old4 ,"s in/ances foll[ ( m elaborate magic ritual connect$ ) ! use ( animals or p>ts ( animals4 ,! hy5a is m easily captur$ by a hunt] :o ties sev5 knots 9 8 girdle & horse:ip1 & x %\ld be captur$ :5 ! moon is 9 ! sign ( ,gem9i & )\t ! loss ( a s+le hair4#bdb ,ano!r bit ( a/rology disp5s$ by ! magi is t ! cat1 ^: salt$ liv] is tak5 ) w9e = qu>tan fev]1 %\ld h be5 kill$ "u a wan+ moon4#bdc ,to cure incont95ce ( ur9e "o n only dr9ks a%es ( a bo>'s g5itals 9 sweet w9e1 b aft]w>ds ur9ates 9 a dog k5nel & repeats ! =mula1 8,t ,i may n ur9ate l a dog 9 its k5nel40#bdd ,! magicians insi/ t ! sex ( ! pati5t be obs]v$ 9 adm9i/]+ burnt c[-dung or bull-dung 9 honi$ w9e = cases ( dropsy4#bde ,= infantile ailm5ts ! bra9s ( a %e-goat %\ld be pass$ ?r\gh a gold r+ & dropp$ 9 ! baby's m\? be=e x is giv5 its milk4#bdf ,aft] ! fre% milt ( a %eep has be5 appli$ to ! pati5t ) ! words1 8,?is ,i d = ! cure ( ! sple510 x %\ld be pla/]$ into ! b$room wall & seal$ ) a r+1 :ile ! *>m %\ld be repeat$ tw5ty-sev5 times4#bdg ,9 treat+ sciatica#bdh an e>?worm %\ld be plac$ 9 a brok5 wood5 di% m5d$ ) an iron b&1 ! di% %\ld be fill$ ) wat]1 ! worm %\ld be buri$ aga9 :]e x 0 dug up1 & ! wat] %\ld be drunk by ! pati5t4 ,! eyes ( riv] crabs are to be atta*$ to ! pati5t's p]son be=e sunrise & ! bl9d$ crabs put back into ! wat]4#bdi ,aft] x has be5 c>ri$ ar\nd ! h\se ?rice a bat may be nail$ head d[n outside a w9d[ z an amulet4#bej ,= epilepsy goat's fle% %\ld be giv5 :i* has be5 roa/$ on a fun]al pyre1 & ! animal's gall %\ld n be all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd4#bea ,sid5ote3 ,m>vels wr\ght ) p>ts ( animals4 ,pl9y occasionally speaks 9 a vague g5]al way ( 8 citations f ! magi conc]n+ ! virtues ( p>ts ( animals z lies or nons5se or 8port5t\s10 b he does n specifically criticize _! proc$ure any m ?an he did _! me?ods ( employ+ h]bs1 & he does n criticize _! promis$ results z mu* z he did be=e4 ,inde$1 z we h already indicat$1 ! object 9 a majority ( cases is purely m$ic9al4 ,! purpose ( o!rs is pa/oral or agricultural1 su* z prev5t+ goats f /ray+ or caus+ sw9e to foll[ y4#beb ,! blood ( ! basilisk1 h[ev]1 is said to procure answ]s to petitions made to ! p[]ful & pray]s address$ to ! gods1 & to act z a safegu>d aga9/ poison or sorc]y 7v5eficiorum amuleta74#bec ,inv9cibility is promis$ ! we>] ( ! head & tail ( a dragon1 hairs f a lion's =ehead1 a lion's m>r[1 ! foam ( a w9n+ horse1 a dog's claw b\nd 9 de]-sk91 & ! muscles alt]nately ( a de] & a gazelle4#bed ,a woman w tell secrets 9 h] sleep if ! he>t ( an owl is appli$ to h] "r brea/1 & p[] ( div9ation is ga9$ by eat+ ! /ill palpitat+ he>t ( a mole4#bee ,sid5ote3 ,! magi on /ones4 ,9 ! case ( /ones ! names are aga91 z 9 ! case ( h]bs1 ( little significance = u4#bef ,! accompany+ ritual is slight4 ,!re are "o or two susp5sions f ! neck or else:]e by su* means z a lion's mane--! hair ( ! hy5a w n d at all--nor ! hair ( ! cynocephalus & swall[s' fea!rs4#beg ,!re is "s use ( incantations ) ! /ones1 a sett+ ( iron = "o /one1 burial ( ano!r b5ea? a tree t x may n dull ! axe1 & plac+ ano!r on ! tongue aft] r9s+ ! m\? ) honey at c]ta9 days & h\rs ( ! moon 9 ord] to acquire ! gift ( div9ation4#beh ,inde$1 ! results promis$ are all m>vel\s4 ,! /ones b5efit public speak]s1 admit to ! pres5ce ( royalty1 c\nt]act fasc9ation & sorc]y1 av]t hail1 ?und]bolts1 /orms1 locu/s1 & scorpions2 *ill boil+ wat]1 produce family discord1 r5d] a?letes inv9cible1 qu5* ang] & viol5ce1 make "o invisible1 evoke images ( ! gods & %ades f ! inf]nal regions4 ,sid5ote3 ,o!r magical recipes4 ,we h yet to m5tion a gr\p ( magical recipes & rem$ies :i* ,pl9y = "s reason collects 9 "o *apt]#bei b :i* h>dly fall "u any "o head4 ,a :et/one on :i* iron tools are %>p5$1 if plac$ )\t 8 k "u ! pill[ ( a man :o has be5 poison$1 w cause him to reveal all ! circum/ances ( ! crime4 ,if y turn a man :o has be5 /ruck by lightn+ ov] on 8 injur$ side1 he w speak at once4 ,to cure tumors 9 ! gro91 tie sev5 or n9e knots 9 ! remnant ( a weav]'s web1 nam+ "s wid[ z ea* knot is ti$4 ,! pa9 is assuag$ by b9d+ to ! body ! nail t has be5 trod on4 ,to get rid ( w>ts1 on ! tw5tie? day ( ! moon lie flat 9 a pa? gaz+ at ! moon1 /ret* ! h&s above ! head & rub ! w>ts ) any?+ t comes to h&4 ,a corn may be extract$ successfully at ! mom5t a /> %oots4 ,heada*e may be reliev$ by a l9im5t made by p\r+ v9eg> on door h+es or by b9d+ a hangman's noose ab\t ! pati5t's temples4 ,to dislodge a fi%-bone /uck 9 ! ?roat1 plunge ! feet into cold wat]2 to dislodge "s o!r sort ( bone1 place bones on ! head2 to dislodge a morsel ( bread1 /uff bits ( bread into bo? e>s4 ,we may add f a neighbor+ *apt] a v magical rem$y = fev]s1 al?\gh ,pl9y calls x 8! mo/ mode/ ( _! promises40#bfj ,toe & f+] nail p>+s mix$ ) wax are to be atta*$ ere sunrise to ano!r p]son's door 9 ord] to transf] ! disease f ! pati5t to him4 ,or !y may be plac$ ne> an ant-hill1 9 :i* case ! fir/ ant :o tries to drag "o inside ! hill %\ld be captur$ & susp5d$ f ! pati5t's neck4 ,sid5ote3 ,summ>y ( ! /atem5ts ( ! magi4 ,su* is ! picture we d]ive f num]\s passages 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! magic art1 its mat]ials & rites1 ! effects x seeks to produce1 & its g5]al attitude t[>ds nature4 ,besides ! natural mat]ials employ$ & ! m>vel\s results s\ght1 we h not$ ! frequ5t use ( ligatures1 susp5sions1 & amulets1 ! obs]vance ( a/rological conditions1 ( c]ta9 times & numb]s1 rules = pluck+ h]bs & ty+ knots1 /ress on ! use ( ! "r or left h&--9 o!r words1 on position or direction1 "s employm5t ( incantations1 "s sacrifice & fumigation1 "s specim5s ( sympa!tic magic1 ( ! !ory t 8l cures l10 & ( o!r types ( magic logic4 ,v4 ,pl9y's ,magical ,sci5ce ,sid5ote3 ,f ! magi to ,pl9y's magic4 ,we may n[ turn to ! /ill m num]\s passages ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory :]e ! magi are n cit$ & comp>e ! virtues !re ascrib$ to ! ?+s ( nature & ! me?ods employ$ 9 m$ic9e & agriculture ) ^? ( ! magicians4 ,we %all f9d _m /rik+ resemblances & %all soon come to a realization t !re is m magic 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory :i* is n attribut$ to ! magi ?an !re is t is4 ,pl9y did n ne$ to w>n u t m$ic9e _h be5 corrupt$ by magic2 8 own m$ic9e proves x4 ,x is ?is fact1 t virtually 8 entire "w is cramm$ ) m>vel\s prop]ties & fanta/ic c]emonial1 :i* makes x s difficult 9 "s places to tell :5 he beg9s to draw mat]ial f ! magi & :5 he leaves (f4 ,by a detail$ analysis ( ?is rema9+ mat]ial we %all n[ attempt to classify ! sub/ances ( :i* ,pl9y makes use & ! virtues :i* he ascribes to !m1 ! rites & me?ods ( proc$ure by :i* !y are employ$1 & c]ta9 sup]/iti\s doctr9es & notions :i* are involv$4 ,we %all ?us f9d t almo/ precisely ! same factors are pres5t 9 8 sci5ce z 9 ! lore ( ! magicians4 ,sid5ote3 ,habits ( animals4 ,( sub/ances we may beg9 ) animals1#bfa &1 be=e we note ! human use ( _! virtues ) its /rong sugge/ion ( magic1 may rem>k ano!r unsci5tific & sup]/iti\s feature :i* 0 v common bo? 9 anci5t & m$ieval times4 ,?is is ! t5d5cy to humanize animals1 ascrib+ to !m consci\s motives1 habits1 & ruses1 or ev5 moral /&>ds & religi\s v5]ation4 ,we %all h occasion to note ! same ?+ 9 o!r au?ors & s w give b a few specim5s f ! _m 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,su* qualities are attribut$ by ,pl9y especially to elephants1 :om he ranks next to man 9 intellig5ce1 & :om he repres5ts z wor%ip+ ! />s1 le>n+ difficult tricks1 & z hav+ a s5se ( ju/ice1 feel+ ( m]cy1 & s on4#bfb ,simil>ly ! lion has noble c\rage & a s5se ( gratitude1 :ile ! lioness is wily 9 ! devices by :i* %e conceals h] am\rs ) ! p>d4#bfc ,a numb] ( ! devices ( fi%es to escape hooks & nets are repeat$ by ,pl9y f ,ovid's ,halieuticon1 extant only 9 fragm5ts4#bfd ,! crocodile op5s its jaws to h its tee? pick$ by a fri5dly bird2 b sometimes :ile ?is op]ation is be+ p]=m$ ! i*neumon 8d>ts d[n its ?roat l a javel9 & eats away its inte/9es40#bfe ,pl9y also m>vels at ! clev]ness display$ by ! dragon & ! elephant 9 _! combats ) "o ano!r1#bff :i*1 h[ev]1 almo/ inv>iably t]m9ate fatally to bo? combatants1 ! elephant fall+ exhau/$ 9 ! dragon's coils & cru%+ ! s]p5t by its weight4 ,o!rs say t 9 ! hot summ] ! dragons ?ir/ = ! blood ( ! elephant :i* is v cold2 9 _! combat ! elephant falls dra9$ ( its blood & cru%es ! dragon :o is intoxicat$ by ! same4 ,sid5ote3 ,rem$ies discov]$ by animals4 ,! dragon's app>5t k t ! elephant is cold-blood$ leads u to a k9dr$ topic1 ! rem$ies us$ by animals & (t5 discov]$ by m5 only by see+ animals use !m4 ,?is notion cont9u$ 9 ! middle ages1 z we %all see1 & ( c\rse x did n orig9ate ) ,pl9y4 ,z he says himself1 8,! anci5ts h record$ ! rem$ies ( wild bea/s & %[n h[ !y are heal$ ev5 :5 poison$40#bfg ,aga9/ aconite ! scorpion eats :ite hellebore z an antidote1 :ile ! pan!r employs human excrem5t4#bfh ,animals prep>e !mselves = combats ) poison\s snakes by eat+ c]ta9 h]bs2 ! weasel eats rue1 ! tortoise & de] use two o!r plants1 :ile field mice :o h be5 /ung by snakes eat condrion4#bfi ,! hawk te>s op5 ! hawkwe$ & spr9kles its eyes ) ! juice4#bgj ,! s]p5t ta/es f5nel :5 x %$s its old sk94#bga ,sick be>s cure !mselves by a diet ( ants4#bgb ,swall[s re/ore ! sight ( _! "y ) *elidonia or swall[-wort1#bgc & ! hi/orian ,xan?us says t ! dragon re/ores its dead (fspr+ to life ) an h]b call$ balis4#bgd ,! hippopotamus 0 ! orig9al discov]] ( ble$+1#bge op5+ a ve9 9 8 leg by w\nd+ himself on %>p re$s along ! %ore1 & aft]w>ds *eck+ ! fl[ ( blood by pla/]+ ! place ) mud4#bgf ,pl9y1 h[ev]1 /ates 9 "o passage t animals hit ^u all ^! rem$ies by *ance & ev5 h to r$iscov] !m by accid5t 9 ea* new case1 8s9ce10 he cont9ues 9 con=mity ) rec5t animal psy*ologi/s1 8reason & practice _c be transmitt$ betwe5 wild bea/s40#bgg ,sid5ote3 ,jeal\sy ( animals4 ,yet 9 ano!r passage ,pl9y deplores ! spitefulness ( ! dog :i*1 :ile m5 are look+1 w n pluck ! h]b by :i* x cures itself ( snake-bite4#bgh ,probably ,pl9y is us+ diff]5t au?orities 9 ! two passages4 ,!ophra/us1 ! pupil ( ,ari/otle1 _h writt5 a "w on ,jeal\s ,animals4 ,m excusable ?an ! spitefulness ( ! dog is ! attitude ( ! dragon1 f ^: bra9 ! gem draconitis mu/ be tak5 :ile ! dragon is alive & pref]ably asleep4 ,= if ! dragon feels t x is mortally w\nd$1 x takes rev5ge by spoil+ ! gem4#bgi ,elephants "k t m5 hunt !m only = _! tusks1 & s bury ^! :5 !y fall (f4#bhj ,sid5ote3 ,occult virtues ( animals4 ,animals h m>vel\s virtues ( _! own o!r ?an ! m$ic9al uses to :i* m5 h put !m4 ,= in/ance1 ! m]e glance ( ! basilisk is fatal1 & its brea? burns up vegetation & breaks rocks4#bha ,b ! m$ic9al effects :i* ,pl9y ascribes to animals & p>ts ( animals are well nigh inf9ite4 ,_m animal sub/ances w h to be introduc$ 9 o!r connections s t we ne$ m5tion n[ b a v few3 ! heads & blood ( flies1 honey 9 :i* bees h di$1 c9]e g5italis as9i1 *icks 9 ! egg1 & ?rice sev5 c5tip$es dilut$ ) ,attic honey1#bhb--?is la/ a prescription = a/hma & to be tak5 ?r\gh a re$ because x black5s e di% by its contact4 ,ano!r passage advises eat+ a rat or %rew-m\se 9 ord] to be> a baby ) black eyes4#bhc ,^! items are en\gh to conv9ce u t ! animals & p>ts ( animals employ$ by ! magicians 7 n "o :it m biz>re & nauseat+ ?an ! o!rs f\nd 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory1 nor 7 ! cures :i* !y 7 expect$ to "w any m improbable4 ,9 ord] to illu/rate1 h[ev]1 ! delicate di/9ctions :i* 7 imag9$ to exi/ n only betwe5 ! virtues ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! same animal1 b also betwe5 slightly v>i$ uses ( ! same "p1 we may note t scales scrap$ f ! topmo/ "p ( a tortoise's %ell & adm9i/]$ 9 dr9k *eck sexual desire1 consid]+ :i*1 x is1 z ,pl9y rem>ks1 ! m m>vel\s t a p[d] made ( ! entire %ell is report$ to ar\se lu/4#bhd ,b love turns readily to hatr$ 9 magic z well z 9 romance1 & x is no?+ v unusual1 z we %all f9d 9 o!r au?ors1 = ! same ?+ on slight provocation to "w 9 exactly opposite ways4 ,sid5ote3 ,! virtues ( h]bs4 ,pig grease1 ,pl9y some:]e in=ms u1 possesses especially /rong virtue1 8because t animal fe$s on ! roots ( h]bs40#bhe ,f ! virtues ( animals1 !re=e1 let u turn to ^? ( h]bs4#bhf ,pl9y met on e h& ass]tion ( _! wond]ful p[]s4 ,! empire-build]s ( ,rome employ$ ! sacr$ h]bs sagm9a & v]b5ae 9 _! embassies & legations4 ,! ,gauls1 too1 use ! v]b5a 9 lot-ca/+ & prophetic responses4#bhg ,pl9y also /ates m sceptically t !re is ano!r root :i* div9]s take 9 dr9k 9 ord] to feign inspiration4#bhh ,! ,scy?ians "k ( a plant :i* prev5ts hung] & ?ir/ if held 9 ! m\?1 & ( ano!r :i* has ! same effect ^u _! horses1 s t !y c g = twelve days )\t meat or dr9k1#bhi--;an exagg]at$ e/imate ( ! h>dihood ( ! m\nt$ ,asiatic nomads & _! /e$s4 ,musaeus & ,hesiod say t "o ano9t$ ) polion w atta9 fame & dignities4#bij ,pl9y p]haps did n int5d to subscribe fully to su* /atem5ts1 al?\gh he _c be said to call _m ( !m into "q4 ,he did compla9 t "s writ]s _h ass]t$ incr$ible p[]s ( h]bs1 su* z to re/ore dragons or m5 to life or )draw w$ges f trees1#bia yet he seems on ! :ole 9 sympa?y ) ! op9ion ( ! majority t !re is practically no?+ :i* ! =ce ( h]bs _c accompli%4 ,h]ophilus1 illu/ri\s 9 m$ic9e1 _h said t c]ta9 h]bs 7 b5eficial if m]ely trod ^u1 & ,pl9y himself says ! same ( m ?an "o plant4 ,he tells u fur!r t b9d+ ! wild fig tree ab\t _! necks makes ! fi]ce/ bulls /& immobile2#bib t ano!r plant subjects fracti\s bea/s ( burd5 to ! yoke2#bic :ile c[s :o eat bupre/is bur/ asund]4#bid ,ano!r h]b contacto g5itali kills any female animal4#bie ,betony is consid]$ an amulet = h\ses1#bif & fi%]m5 9 ,pl9y's neighborhood mix a plant ) *alk & scatt] x on ! waves4#big 8,! fi% d>t t[>ds x ) m>vel\s desire & /raightway float lifeless on ! surface40 ,dogs w n b>k at p]sons c>ry+ p]i/]eos4#bih ,! 8impi\s plant0 prev5ts any human be+ :o ta/es x f hav+ qu9sy1 :ile sw9e are sure to h t disease if !y d n eat x4 ,"s place x 9 birds' ne/s to prev5t ! voraci\s ne/l+s f /rangl+4 ,bitt] almonds provide ano!r amus+ comb9ation ( effects4 ,eat+ five ( !m p]mits "o to dr9k )\t exp]i5c+ intoxication1 b if foxes eat !m !y w die unless !y f9d wat] ne> by to dr9k4#bii ,!re are "s h]bs :i* h a m$ic9al effect1 if "o m]ely looks at !m4#cjj ,9 two cases ! mascul9e or fem99e v>iety ( a h]b is us$ to secure ! bir? ( a *ild ( ! desir$ sex4#cja ,sid5ote3 ,pluck+ h]bs4 ,t ! pluck+ ( h]bs & digg+ up ( roots 0 a process v apt to be att5d$ by magical proc$ure we f9d abundant evid5ce 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,(t5 plants %\ld be pluck$ be=e sunrise4#cjb ,twice ,pl9y tells u t ! peony %\ld be uproot$ by night le/ ! woodpeck] ( ,m>s try to pick ! digg]'s eyes out4#cjc ,! /ate ( ! moon is ano!r po9t to be obs]v$1#cjd & once an h]b is to be ga!r$ be=e ?und] is he>d4#cje ,a common in/ruction is to pick ! plant ) ! left h&1#cjf & once ) ! ?umb & f\r? f+] ( ! left h&4#cjg ,once ! "r h& %\ld be /ret*$ cov]tly aft] ! fa%ion ( a pickpocket ?r\gh ! left sleeve 9 ord] to pluck ! plant4#cjh ,sometimes "o faces ea/ 9 pluck+ h]bs2 sometimes1 we/2 aga9 "o is c>eful n to face ! w9d4#cji ,sometimes ! ga!r] mu/ n glance beh9d him4 ,sometimes he mu/ fa/ be=e he takes ! plant f ! gr\nd2#caj aga9 he mu/ obs]ve a /ate ( *a/ity4#caa ,sometimes he %\ld be b>efoot & clo!d 9 :ite2 aga9 he %\ld remove e /it* ( clo?+ & ev5 8 r+s4#cab ,sometimes ! use ( iron implem5ts is =bidd52 aga9 gold or "s o!r mat]ial is prescrib$2#cac once ! h]b is to be dug ) a nail4#cad ,sometimes circles are trac$ ab\t ! plant ) ! po9t ( a sword4#cae ,(t5 ! plant mu/ n t\* ! gr\nd aga9 aft] x is pick$1#caf presumably f a fe> t its virtue w\ld run (f l an electric curr5t4 ,pl9y alludes at lea/ ?ree times#cag to ! practice ( h]bali/s ( reta9+ portions ( ! h]bs !y sell1 & !n1 if !y are n paid 9 full1 replant+ ! h]b 9 ! same spot ) ! idea t !reby ! disease w return to plague ! del9qu5t pati5t4 ,frequ5tly "o is direct$ to /ate :y "o plucks ! h]b or = :om x is int5d$4#cah ,9 "o case ! digg] says1 8,?is is ! h]b ,argemon :i* ,m9]va discov]$ 0 a rem$y = sw9e :o ta/e x40#cai ,9 ano!r case "o %\ld salute ! plant & extract its juice be=e say+ a ^w2 ?us its virtue w be mu* great]4#cbj ,9 o!r cases1 z an (f]+ to appease ! e>?1 ! soil ab\t ! plant is soak$ ) hydromel ?ree mon?s be=e pluck+ x1 or ! hole left by pull+ x up is fill$ ) diff]5t k9ds ( gra94#cba ,sometimes "o sacrifices be=eh& ) bread & w9e or prays to ! gods = p]mission to ga!r ! h]b4#cbb ,! cu/oms ( ! ,druids 9 ga!r+ h]bs are m5tion$ m ?an once4#cbc ,9 ga!r+ ! sacr$ mi/letoe on ! six? day ( ! moon !y hold sacrifices & a banquet b5ea? ! tree4#cbd ,two :ite bulls are ! victims2 a prie/ clad 9 :ite cuts ! mi/letoe ) a gold5 sickle & receives x 9 a :ite cloak4#cbe ,sid5ote3 ,agricultural magic4 ,to ,pl9y's discussion ( h]bs we may app5d "s specim5s ( ! employm5t ( magic proc$ure 9 agriculture & ( ! sup]/itions ( ! peasantry 9 :i* 8 pages ab\nd4 ,to gu>d aga9/ diseases ( gra9 ! se$s be=e plant+ %\ld be /eep$ 9 w9e1 ! juice ( a c]ta9 h]b1 ! gall ( a c[1 or human ur9e1 or %\ld be t\*$ ) ! %\ld]s ( a mole#cbf--! animal ^: use by ! magi we he>d ,pl9y ridicule4 ,"o %\ld s[ at ! moon's conjunction4 ,be=e ! field is ho$1 a frog %\ld be c>ri$ ar\nd x & !n buri$ 9 ! c5t] 9 an e>!n vessel4 ,b x %\ld be dis9t]r$ be=e h>ve/ le/ ! millet be bitt]4 ,birds may be kept away f ! gra9 by plant+ 9 ! f\r corn]s ( ! field an h]b ^: "n is un=tunately unkn[n to ,pl9y4#cbg ,mice are kept out by ! a%es ( a weasel1 mildew by laurel bran*es1 cat]pill>s by plac+ ! skull ( a female bea/ ( burd5 ^u a /ick 9 ! g>d54#cbh ,to w>d (f fogs & /orms f or*>ds & v9ey>ds a frog may be buri$ z direct$ above1 or live crabs may be burnt 9 ! trees1 or a pa9t$ grape may be consecrat$4#cbi ,susp5d+ a frog 9 ! gran>y pres]ves ! corn /or$ !re4#ccj ,to keep wolves away cat* "o1 break its legs1 atta* x to ! pl\gh%>e1 & ?us scatt] its blood ab\t ! b\nd>ies ( ! field2 !n bury ! c>cass at ! />t+-po9t4#cca ,or consecrate at ! alt> ( ! ,l> ! pl\gh%>e ) :i* ! fir/ furr[ 0 trac$4 ,foxes w n t\* p\ltry :o h eat5 ! dri$ liv] ( a fox or :o we> a bit ( its sk9 ab\t _! necks4 ,f]n w n spr+ up aga9 if x is m[$ ) ! edge ( a re$ or uproot$ by a pl\gh%>e ^u :i* a re$ has be5 plac$4#ccb ,( ! use ( incantations 9 agriculture we %all treat lat]4 ,sid5ote3 ,virtues ( /ones4 ,pl9y appe>s to h mu* less fai? 9 ! possession ( m>vel\s virtues by gems ?an by h]bs & p>ts ( animals4 ,he n only *>act]izes ! p[]s attribut$ to gems by ! magi & ,democritus & ,py?agoras z 8t]rible lies0 & 8unspeakable nons5se02#ccc b refra9s f m5tion+ _m su* himself or ins]ts a cauti\s 8if we believe x0 or 8if !y tell ! tru?40#ccd ,( ! gem suppos$ to be produc$ f ! ur9e ( ! lynx he says1 8,i ?9k t ?is is q false & no gem ( t "n has be5 se5 9 our "t4 ,:at is /at$ conc]n+ its m$ic9al virtue is also false40#cce ,to o!r /ones1 h[ev]1 he ascribes v>i\s m$ic9al virtues1 ei!r :5 tak5 pulv]iz$ 9 dr9k or :5 worn z amulets4#ccf ,a few o!r occult prop]ties are /at$ )\t res]vation1 z t amiantus resi/s all sorc]ies1#ccg t adamant expels idle fe>s f ! m9d1 t sid]itis produces discord & litigation1 & t eumeces1 plac$ b5ea? "o's pill[ at night1 causes oracul> visions4#cch ,magnets are said to diff] 9 sex1 & ! belief ( ,!ophra/us & ,mucianus is repeat$ t c]ta9 /ones be> (fspr+4#cci ,sid5ote3 ,o!r m9]als & metals4 ,( ! metals iron sometimes figures 9 ,pl9y's magical proc$ure1 z :5 he ei!r prescribes or taboos ! use ( x 9 cutt+ h]bs or kill+ animals4 ,9 ,arcadia ! yew-tree is a fatal poison to p]sons sleep+ b5ea? x1 b driv+ a copp] nail into ! tree makes x h>mless4#cdj ,pl9y says t gold is m$ic9al 9 _m ways & 9 p>ticul> is appli$ to w\nd$ p]sons & to infants z a safegu>d aga9/ wit*craft4#cda ,e>? itself is (t5 us$ to "w m>vels1 b usually "s p>ticul> portion1 su* z t betwe5 c>t ruts or t ?r[n up by ants1 beetles1 & moles1 or 9 ! "r footpr9t :]e "o fir/ he>d a cuckoo s+4#cdb ,h[ev]1 ! rule t an object %\ld n t\* ! gr\nd is en=c$ 9 _m o!r connections#cdc ?an ! pluck+ ( h]bs1 & ,pl9y twice /ates t ! e>? w n p]mit a s]p5t :o has /ung a human be+ to re-ent] its hole4#cdd ,9 8 discussion ( metals ,pl9y does n allude to transmutation or al*emy1 unless x be 9 8 acc\nts ( v>i\s fraudul5t practices ( work]s 9 metal & h[ ,caligula extract$ gold f orpim5t4 ,b ! foll[+ directions = prep>+ antimony %[ h[ closely ak9 to magic ! proc$ure 9 anci5t metallurgy might be4 ,! antimony %\ld be coat$ ) c[-flap & burnt 9 furnaces1 !n qu5*$ 9 woman's milk & p\nd$ 9 mort>s ) an admixture ( ra9-wat]4#cde ,sid5ote3 ,virtues ( human p>ts4 ,v>i\s p>ts & products ( ! human body are cr$it$ ) rem>kable virtues z ! m5tion j made ( woman's milk sugge/s4 ,o!r passages recomm5d m especially ! milk ( a woman j deliv]$ ( a male *ild1 b mo/ ( all t ( ! "m ( tw9s4#cdf ,s$ nihil facile rep]iatur muli]um pr(luvio magis mon/rificum1 z ,pl9y proce$s to illu/rate by num]\s examples4#cdg ,great virtues are also attribut$ to ! ur9e1 p>ticul>ly ( a *a/e boy4#cdh ,a few o!r in/ances ( rem$ies drawn f ! human body are e>-wax or a p[d]$ too? aga9/ /+s ( scorpions & bites ( snakes1#cdi a man's hair = ! bite ( a dog1 ! fir/ hairs f a boy's head = g\t4#cej ,diseases ( wom5 are prev5t$ by we>+ con/antly 9 a bracelet ! fir/ too? a boy loses1 provid$ x has n t\*$ ! gr\nd4 ,simply ty+ two f+]s or toes toge!r is recomm5d$ = tumors 9 ! gro91 cat>rh1 & sore eyes4#cea ,or ! eyes may be t\*$ ?rice ) wat] 9 :i* ! feet h be5 wa%$4 ,scr(ula & ?roat diseases may be cur$ by ! t\* ( ! h& ( "o :o has di$ an e>ly dea?1 al?\gh "s au?orities d n insi/ ^u ! circum/ance ( e>ly dea? b direct t ! corpse be ( ! same sex z ! pati5t & t ! diseas$ spot be t\*$ ) ! back ( ! left dead h&4 ,sid5ote3 ,virtues ( human saliva4 ,( all fluids & excretions ( ! human body ! saliva is p]haps us$ mo/ (t5 9 anci5t & m$ieval m$ic9e1 z ! cu/om ( spitt+ once or ?rice 9 adm9i/]+ o!r rem$ies or p]=m+ c]emonies goes to prove4 ,! spittle ( a fa/+ p]son is ! m efficaci\s4 ,9 a *apt] devot$ p>ticul>ly to ! prop]ties ( human saliva ,pl9y li/s _m diseases & woes :i* x alleviates4#ceb ,9 ?is connection he makes ! foll[+ absurd ass]tion :i* he nev]!less decl>es is easily te/$ by exp]im5t4 8,if a p]son rep5ts ( a bl[ giv5 f a di/ance or h&-to-h&1 let him spit into ! palm ( ! h& ) :i* he /ruck1 & ! p]son :o has be5 /ruck w feel no res5tm5t4 ,?is is (t5 prov$ by bea/s ( burd5 :o are induc$ to m5d _! pace by ?is me?od aft] ! use ( ! :ip has fail$40 ,pl9y adds1 h[ev]1 t "s p]sons try to increase ! =ce ( _! bl[s by ?us spitt+ on ! h&s be=eh&4 ,he also m5tions z c\nt]-*>ms aga9/ sorc]y ! practices ( spitt+ into "o's ur9e or "r %oe1 or :5 cross+ a dang]\s spot4 ,sid5ote3 ,! human op]ator4 ,! importance ( ! human op]ator z a factor 9 ! p]=mance ( m>vels1 be !y m$ical or magical1 is atte/$ by ! frequ5t injunctions ( *a/ity1 virg9ity1 nudity1 or a /ate ( fa/+ ^u p]sons conc]n$ 9 ,pl9y's proc$ure4 ,sometimes !y are n to glance beh9d !m1 sometimes !y are to speak to no "o dur+ ! op]ation4 ,pl9y also m5tions m5 :o h a special capacity = wond]-work+1 su* z ,pyrrhus1 ! t\* ( ^: toe _h heal+ p[]1#cec ^? ^: eyes ex]t /rong fasc9ation1 :ole tribes ( s]p5t-*>m]s & v5om-cur]s1 & o!rs ^: m]e pres5ce addles ! eggs b5ea? a sett+ h54#ced ,! p[] ( words spok5 by m5 w be consid]$ sep>ately "u ! head ( incantations4 ,sid5ote3 ,abs5ce ( m$ical comp\nds4 ,:ile ,pl9y attributes ! mo/ extreme m$ic9al virtues to simples1 he excludes f 8 ,natural ,hi/ory ! /range & elaborate comp\nds :i* 7 nev]!less s popul> 9 ! ph>macy ( 8 age4 ,( "o simple1 las]1 he says t x w\ld be an imm5se task to attempt to li/ all ! uses t x is suppos$ to h 9 comp\nds4#cee ,8 position is t ! simple rem$ies alone are ! direct "w ( nature1 :ile ! mixtures1 tablets1 pills1 pla/]s1 wa%es are artificial inv5tions ( ! apo!c>ies4 ,once :5 he describes a comp\nd call$ 8,h]mesias0 :i* aids 9 ! g5]ation ( good & beautiful *ildr51 x seems to be borr[$ by ,democritus f ! magi4#cef ,fur!rmore1 ,pl9y ?9ks t heal? c be suffici5tly pres]v$ or re/or$ by nature's simple rem$ies4 ,comp\nds are ! inv5tion ( human conjecture1 av>ice1 & impud5ce4 ,su* conjecture is (t5 false1 n suffici5tly tak+ into acc\nt ! natural sympa?ies & antipa?ies ( ! num]\s +r$i5ts4 ,(t5 comp\nds are inexplicable4 ,pl9y also deplores resort to import$ drugs f ,india1 ,arabia1 & ! ,r$ ,sea1 :5 !re are homely rem$ies at h& = ! poore/ man4#ceg ,sid5ote3 ,sympa!tic magic4 ,we h j he>d ,pl9y ref] to ! sympa?ies & antipa?ies ( natural simples1 & he (t5 expla9s ! m>vel\s effects ( natural objects ^u "o ano!r by ?is relation ( love & hatr$1 fri5d%ip or repugnance1 discord or concord :i* exi/s betwe5 !m1 :i* ! ,greeks call sympa?y or antipa?y1 & :i* ,h]acleitus 0 p]haps ! fir/ philosoph] to insi/ ^u4#ceh ,"s mod]n /ud5ts ( magic h tri$ to acc\nt = all magic on ?is !ory1 & ,pl9y /ates t m$ic9e & m$ic9es orig9at$ f x4#cei ,sid5ote3 ,antipa?ies betwe5 animals4 ,?is relation%ip exi/s betwe5 animals1--de] & snakes1 = example4 ,s great a =ce is x t /ags track snakes to _! holes & extract !m !nce despite all resi/ance by ! p[] ( _! brea?4 ,?is antipa?y cont9ues aft] dea?1 = ! sov]eign rem$y = snake-bite is ! r5net ( a fawn kill$ 9 its "m's womb1 :ile s]p5ts flee f a man :o we>s ! too? ( a de]4 ,b antipa?y may *ange to sympa?y1 = ,pl9y adds t 9 "s cases c]ta9 p>ts ( de] treat$ 9 c]ta9 ways attract s]p5ts4#cfj ,?is =ce ( antipa?y is inde$ capable ( tak+ ! /range/ turn4 ,b$-bugs1 f\l & disgu/+ z !y are1 heal ! bite ( snakes1 especially asps1 & s[s c eat ! poison\s salam&]4#cfa ,! antipa?y betwe5 goats & snakes w\ld seem almo/ z pot5t z t betwe5 de] & snakes1#cfb s9ce we are told t snake-bitt5 p]sons recov] m quickly1 if !y frequ5t ! /alls :]e goats are kept or we> z an amulet ! paun* ( a %e-goat4 ,sid5ote3 ,love & hatr$ betwe5 inanimate objects4 ,!re is also 8! hatr$ & fri5d%ip ( deaf & ins5sible ?+s40#cfc ,in/ances are ! magnet's attraction = iron & ! fact t adamant c be brok5 only by ! blood ( a he-goat1 two /ock examples ( occult influ5ce & natural m>vels :i* cont9u$ classic 9 ! m$ieval p]iod4#cfd ,pl9y inde$ reg>ds ?is la/ z ! cle>e/ illu/ration possible ( ! pot5cy ( sympa?y & antipa?y1 s9ce a sub/ance :i* defies iron & fire1 nature's two mo/ viol5t ag5ts1 yields to ! blood ( a f\l animal4#cfe ,sid5ote3 ,sympa?y betwe5 animate & inanimate objects4 ,!re is fur!rmore sympa?y & antipa?y betwe5 animate & inanimate objects4 ,s m>vel\s is ! antipa?y ( ! tam>isk tree = ! sple5 alone ( int]nal organs1 t pigs :o dr9k f tr\ghs ( ?is wood are f\nd :5 slaught]$ to be )\t sple51 & h5ce spl5etic pati5ts are f$ f vessels ( tam>isk4#cff ,! sple5less pig1 x may be int]polat$1 is ano!r commonplace ( anci5t & m$ieval sci5ce4 ,sme>+ ! hives ) c[ dung kills o!r insects b /imulates ! bees :o h an aff9ity = x 7cognatum hoc iis71#cfg probably1 al?\gh ,pl9y does n say s1 on ! !ory t !y are spontane\sly g5]at$ f x4 ,t ! wild cabbage is ho/ile to dogs is evid5c$ by ! /atem5t ( ,epi*>mus t x cures ! bite ( a mad dog b kills a dog if he eats x :5 giv5 to him ) meat4#cfh ,snakes hate ! a%-tree s1 t if !y are hemm$ 9 by its foliage on "o side & fire on ! o!r1 !y flee by pref]5ce into ! flames4#cfi ,betony1 too1 is s antipa!tic to snakes t !y la% !mselves to dea? :5 a circle ( x is drawn ab\t !m4#cgj ,scorpions _c survive 9 ! air ( ,sicily4#cga ,p]haps antipa?y is also ! explanation ( ,pl9y's absurd /atem5t t loads ( apples & pe>s1 ev5 if !re are only a few ( !m1 are v heavy = bea/s ( burd54#cgb ,"h1 h[ev]1 ! condition may be rem$i$ & p]haps a relation%ip ( sympa?y e/abli%$ by %[+ ! bea/s h[ few fruit !re really are or by giv+ !m "s to eat4 ,t sympa?y may ev5 atta* to places or religi\s circum/ances ,pl9y inf]s f ! belief t ! prie/ess ( ! e>? at ,aegira1 :5 ab\t to desc5d into ! cave & pr$ict1 dr9ks )\t injury bull's blood :i* is suppos$ to be a fatal poison4#cgc ,sid5ote3 ,l cures l4 ,t l cures l1 or m precisely & p>adoxically t ! cause ( ! disease w cure its own result1 is ano!r notion :i* ,pl9y's m$ic9e %>es ) magic4 ,?is is se5 9 ! use ( p>ts ( ! mad dog to cure its bite1#cgd or 9 rubb+ ?ighs *af$ by horse-back rid+ ) ! foam f a horse's m\?4#cge ,! bite ( ! %rew-m\se1 too1 is be/ heal$ by imposition ( ! v animal :i* bit y1 b ano!r %rew-m\se w d & !y are kept ready 9 oil & mud = ?is purpose4#cgf ,! /+ ( ! phalangium may be cur$ by m]ely look+ at ano!r insect ( t species1 :e!r x be dead or alive4 ,f cases 9 :i* ! cure = ! disease is id5tical ) its cause x is b a %ort /ep to rem$ies simil> to or 9 "s way associat$ ) ! ailm5t4 ,x seems obvi\s to ,pl9y t /one 9 ! bladd] c be brok5 by ! h]b on :i* gr[ :at look exactly l pe>ls4 8,9 ! case ( no o!r h]b is x s evid5t = :at m$ic9e x is int5d$2 its species is su* t x c be recogniz$ at once by sight )\t book k40#cgg ,simil>ly ophites1 a m>ble ) s]p5t9e /reaks1 is us$ z an amulet aga9/ snake-bite4#cgh ,mi?ridates discov]$ t ! blood ( ,pontic ducks %\ld be mix$ 9 antidotes because !y live on poison4#cgi ,heliotrope se$ looks l a scorpion's tail2 if scorpions are t\*$ ) a sprig ( heliotrope !y die1 & !y w n ent] gr\nd :i* has be5 circumscrib$ by x4#chj ,to accel]ate a woman's deliv]y h] lov] %\ld take (f 8 belt & gird h] ) x1 !n untie x1 say+ t he has b\nd h] & w unloose h]1 & !n he %\ld g away4#cha ,an epileptic may be cur$ by driv+ an iron nail into ! spot :]e 8 head re/$ :5 he fell 9 ! fit4#chb ,sid5ote3 ,! pr9ciple ( association4 ,o!r in/ances ( association are :5 ! rem$y employ$ is "s "p ( an animal :o is free f ! disease 9 "q or m>k$ by an opposite /ate ( heal?4 ,goats & gazelles nev] h oph?almia1 h5ce v>i\s portions ( _! bodies are prescrib$ = eye diseases4#chc ,eagles c gaze at ! sun1 !re=e _! gall is efficaci\s 9 eye-salves4#chd ,! bird call$ ossifrage has a s+le inte/9e :i* dige/s any?+2 ! end ( ?is inte/9e s]ves z an amulet aga9/ colic1 & indige/ion may be cur$ by m]ely hold+ ! crop ( ! bird 9 "o h&4#che ,b d n hold x too long or y\r fle% w wa/e away4 ,! virus ( m>es is an +r$i5t 9 a c&le :i* makes heads ( horses seem to appe> :5 x burns2#chf :ile ink ( ! sepia is us$ 9 a c&le :i* causes ,e?iopians to be se5 :5 x is light$4#chg ,^! magic c&les are borr[$ by ,pl9y f ! works ( ,anaxilaus1 & we %all f9d !m a feature ( m$ieval collections ( exp]im5ts4 ,e>? f a c>t-:eel rut is ?\ght a rem$y aga9/ ! bite ( ! %rew-m\se because t creature is too torpid to cross su* a rut2#chh & ,pl9y believes t none ( ! virtues attribut$ to moles by ! magicians is m probable ?an t !y are an antidote to ! bite ( ! %rew-m\se1 :i* %uns ev5 ruts1 :]eas moles burr[ freely ?r\gh ! soil4#chi ,pl9y f9ds incr$ible ! ass]tion made by "s t a %ip w move m sl[ly if x has ! "r foot ( a tortoise abo>d1#cij b ! logic ( ! magic seems evid5t en\gh4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic transf] ( disease4 ,9 ,pl9y's m$ic9e !re are a numb] ( examples ( :at may be call$ magic transf]1 9 :i* ! aim ( ! proc$ure is n to cure ! disease outright b to rid ! pati5t ( x by transf]r+ x f him to "s o!r animal or object4 ,inte/9al disease may be transf]r$ to puppies :o h n yet op5$ _! eyes by press+ !m to ! body & giv+ !m milk f ! pati5t's m\?4 ,!y w die ( ! disease1 :5 its cause & exact nature may be det]m9$ by dissect+ !m4 ,b f9ally !y mu/ be buri$4#cia ,grip+ pa9s 9 ! b[els w also pass to a duck t is held aga9/ ! abdom54 ,"o may be rid ( a c\gh by spitt+ 9 a frog's m\? or cure cat>rh by kiss+ a mule1#cib al?\gh 9 ^! cases we are left un9=m$ :e!r ! disease passes to ! animal4 ,b if a p]son :o has be5 /ung by a scorpion :isp]s ! news 9 ! e> ( an ass1 ! ill w be transf]r$ to ! ass4#cic ,a boil may be remov$ by rubb+ n9e gra9s ( b>ley ar\nd x1 ea* gra9 ?rice ) ! left h&1 & !n ?r[+ !m all into ! fire4#cid ,w>ts are bani%$ by t\*+ ea* ) a gra9 ( ! *ickpea & !n ty+ ! gra9s up 9 a l95 clo? & ?r[+ !m beh9d "o4#cie ,if a root ( asphodel is appli$ to sores & !n hung up 9 smoke1 ! sores w dry up along ) ! root4#cif ,to cure scr(ul\s sores "s b9d on z _m e>?worms z !re are sores & let !m dry up toge!r4#cig ,a too? w cease a*+ if ! h]b erig]on is dug up ) iron & ! pati5t ?rice alt]nately t\*es ! too? ) ! root & spits1 & if he !n replaces ! h]b 9 ! same spot & x lives4#cih ,if ?is la/ is a case ( magic transf]1 p]haps we may trace ! same notion 9 "s ( ! num]\s in/ances 9 :i* ,pl9y directs t an animal %all be releas$ alive aft] "s "p ( x has be5 remov$ or "s o!r m$ic9al use made ( x4 ,sid5ote3 ,amulets4 ,a common *>act]i/ic ( magic =ce & occult virtue is t x w (t5 act at a di/ance or )\t any physical contact or direct application4 ,?is is manife/$ 9 ! practice ( c>ry+ or we>+ amulets1 or1 :at is ! same ?+1 ( ligatures & susp5sions1 9 :i* objects are hung f ! neck or b\nd to "s "p ( ! body 9 ord] to w>d (f dang] f )\t or cure int]nal disease4 ,in/ances ( su* practices 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory are well nigh innum]able4 ,roots are susp5d$ f ! neck by a ?read2#cii ! tongue ( a fox is worn 9 a bracelet2#djj = qu9sy ! ?roat is w\nd ?rice ) a ?ong ( dog-sk9 & cat>rh is reliev$ by w9d+ ! same ab\t ! f+]s4#dja ,a too? /ops a*+ :5 worms are tak5 f a c]ta9 prickly plant1 put ) "s bread 9 a pill-box1 & b\nd to ! arm on ! same side ( ! body z ! a*+ too?4#djb ,two b$-bugs b\nd to ! left arm 9 wool /ol5 f %eph]ds are a *>m aga9/ nocturnal fev]s2 aga9/ diurnal fev]s1 if wrapp$ 9 russet clo? in/ead4#djc ,! he>t ( a vulture is an amulet aga9/ snakes1 wild bea/s1 robb]s1 & royal wra?4#djd ,! travel] :o c>ries ! h]b artemisia feels no fatigue4#dje ,injuri\s drugs _c cross "o's ?re%old & d injury 9 "o's h\sehold1 if a sea-/> is sme>$ ) ! blood ( a fox & atta*$ to ! l9tel or door-po/ ) a copp] nail4#djf ,n only is a wrea? ( h]bs worn = heada*e1#djg b a sprig ( popl> held 9 ! h& prev5ts *af+ betwe5 ! ?ighs4#djh ,(t5 objects are plac$ "u "o's pill[1 especially = insomnia1#dji b any psy*ological effect is preclud$ 9 ! case :]e ?is is to be done )\t ! pati5t's k4#daj ,all sorts ( specifications are giv5 z to ! color & k9d ( /r+1 clo?1 sk91 box1 nail1 r+1 bracelet1 & ! l 9 :i* %\ld be plac$1 or ) :i* %\ld be b\nd on1 ! v>i\s gems1 h]bs1 & p>ts ( animals :i* s]ve z amulets4 ,b :5 we are told t a rem$y = heada*e :i* always helps _m consi/s ( a little bone f a snail f\nd betwe5 two c>t ruts1 pass$ ?r\gh gold1 silv]1 & ivory1 & atta*$ to ! body ) dog-sk92 or t "o may b9d on ! head ) a l95 clo? ! head ( a snail decapitat$ ) a re$ :5 fe$+ 9 ! morn+ especially at full moon2#daa we feel t we h pass$ beyond m]e amulets1 ligatures1 & susp5sions to m elaborate m9utiae ( magic proc$ure4 ,sid5ote3 ,position or direction4 ,position or direction is (t5 an important matt] 9 ,pl9y's1 z 9 magic1 c]emonial4 ,x p]haps comes out mo/ frequ5tly 9 8 specification ( "r or left4 ,an a*+ too? %\ld be sc>ifi$ ) ! left eye-too? ( a dog2 a spid] :i* is plac$ ) oil 9 ! e> %\ld be caught ) ! left h&2#dab epilepsy may be cur$ if a virg9 t\*es ! suff]] ) h] "r ?umb2#dac = oph?almia ( ! "r eye susp5d ! "r eye ( a frog f ! pati5t's neck1 & ! left eye = ! left eye2#dad = lumbago te> (f an eagle's feet away f ! jo9t1 & use ! "r foot = ! "r side & ! left = pa9 9 ! left side4#dae ,b we h met o!r examples already1 & also cases ( ! use ( ! upp] or l[] "p ( ?is or t accord+ to ! correspond+ location ( an a*+ too? 9 ! upp] or l[] jaw4#daf ,trac+ circles ) & ab\t objects1 fac+ t[>ds ?is or t po9t ( ! compass1 ! prohibition aga9/ glanc+ beh9d "o1 & ! /ress laid ^u f9d+ ?+s or kill+ animals betwe5 ! ruts ( c>t :eels1 are o!r examples ( tak+ into consid]ation position & direction :i* we h already met ) incid5tally to ! treatm5t ( o!r topics4 ,! prescription ( a plant :i* has gr[n on ! head ( a /atue & ( ano!r :i* has tak5 root 9 a sieve ?r[n into a h$ge#dag also seem to take m]e position l>gely into acc\nt1 m s ?an ! accompany+ recomm5dation ( an h]b gr[+ on ! banks ( a /ream & ( ano!r gr[+ ^u a dunghill4#dah ,sid5ote3 ,! "t elem5t4 ,! elem5t ( "t is also important4 ,op]ations %\ld be p]=m$ be=e sunrise1 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 at night1 & s on4 ,! moon is especially reg>d$ 9 su* directions4#dai ,:5 we are in=m$ t suff]]s f qu>tan fev] %\ld be rubb$ all ov] ) ! fat ( a tortoise1 we are also told t ! tortoise w be fatte/ on ! fifte5? day ( ! moon & t ! pati5t %\ld be ano9t$ on ! sixte5?4#dbj ,b ?is wax+ & wan+ ( ! tortoise ) ! moon is prim>ily a matt] ( a/rology & planet>y influ5ce1 "u :i* head+ we %all also lat] speak ( ,pl9y's obs]vance ( ! ris+ ( ! dog-/>4 ,sid5ote3 ,obs]vance ( numb]4 ,obs]vance ( numb] is ano!r feature 9 ,pl9y's c]emonial1 ( :i* we h already met in/ances4 ,he also alludes to ! writ+s ( ,py?agoras on ! subject & ascribes to ,democritus a "w on ! numb] f\r4 ,pl9y's recipes frequ5tly recomm5d t ! op]ation be ?rice repeat$4 ,9 ! case ( cur+ scr(ula by ! a%es ( vip]s he prescribes ?ree f+]s !re( tak5 9 dr9k = ?rice sev5 days4#dba ,9 ano!r application ( a ,gallic h]b ) old axle-grease :i* has n t\*$ iron1 n only mu/ ! pati5t spit ?rice to ! "r1 b ! rem$y is m efficaci\s if ?ree m5 repres5t+ ?ree diff]5t nations ano9t ! "r side ) x4#dbb ,! virtue ( ! numb] "o is n1 h[ev]1 entirely slight$4 ,importance is atta*$ to ! dea? ( a /ag f a s+le w\nd4#dbc ,sometimes ?ree & "o are jo9$ 9 ! same op]ation1 z :5 *ild-bir? is aid$ by hurl+ ?r\gh ! h\se a /one or weapon by :i* ?ree animals1 a man1 a bo>1 & a be>1 h be5 kill$ ) s+le bl[s4 ,"o ( ! discov]ies ( ,py?agoras :i* seldom fails is t an odd numb] ( v[els 9 a *ild's giv5 "n port5ds lam5ess1 bl9dness1 & l incapacitation on ! "r side ( its body1 & an ev5 numb]1 injuries on ! left side4#dbd ,9 a cr[n ( smilax = heada*e !re %\ld be an odd numb] ( leaves1#dbe & 9 a diet ( snails prescrib$ = /oma* tr\ble an odd numb] are to be eat54#dbf ,= a head-wa% t5 gre5 liz>ds are boil$ 9 t5 sext>ii ( oil1#dbg & = an application to prev5t eyela%es f gr[+ aga9 :5 !y h be5 pull$ out fifte5 frogs are impal$ on fifte5 bulru%es4#dbh ,! p]son :o has ti$ on a c]ta9 amulet is !reaft] exclud$ f ! pati5t's sight = five days4#dbi ,& s on4 ,sid5ote3 ,relation betwe5 op]ator & pati5t4 ,?is la/ item sugge/s a fur!r intangible factor 9 ,pl9y's proc$ure1 ! do+ ( ?+s to or = ! pati5t )\t 8 k4 ,b ?is & any o!r incorporeal relation%ips exi/+ betwe5 op]ator & pati5t %\ld p]haps be class$ "u ! head ( sympa?y & antipa?y4 ,sid5ote3 ,incantations4 ,closely ak9 to ! p[] ( numb]s is t ( words4 ,pl9y once says ( an incantation employ$ to av]t hail-/orms t he w\ld n d>e 9 s]i\sness to ins]t its words1 al?\gh ,cato 9 8 "w on agriculture prescrib$ a simil> =mula ( mean+less words = ! cure ( fractur$ limbs4#dcj ,b ,pl9y does n object to ! repetition ( incantations or pray]s if ! words spok5 h "s mean+4 ,he in=ms u t ocimum is s[n ) curses & mal$ictions & t :5 cumm9 se$ is ramm$ d[n into ! soil1 ! s[]s pray x n to come up4#dca ,9 ano!r case ! s[] is to be nak$ & to pray = himself & 8 neighbors4#dcb ,9 a ?ird case 9 :i* a p\ltice is to be appli$ to an inflammatory tumor1 ,pl9y says t p]sons ( exp]i5ce reg>d x z v important t ! p\ltice be put on by a nak$ virg9 & t bo? %e & ! pati5t be fa/+4 ,t\*+ ! suff]] ) ! back ( h] h& %e is to say1 8,apollo =bids a disease to increase :i* a nak$ virg9 re/ra9s40 ,!n1 )draw+ h] h&1 %e is to repeat ! same words ?rice & to jo9 ) ! pati5t 9 spitt+ on ! gr\nd ea* "t4#dcc ,inde$1 9 ano!r passage ,pl9y /ates t x is ! univ]sal cu/om 9 m$ic9e to spit ?ree times ) incantations4#dcd ,p]haps ! p[] ( ! words is ?\ght to be increas$ or r5ew$ by cle>+ ! ?roat4 ,words 7 also occasionally spok5 9 pluck+ h]bs4 ,r+-worm or tett] is treat$ by spitt+ ^u & rubb+ toge!r two /ones cov]$ ) a dry :ite moss1 & by repeat+ a ,greek incantation :i* may be translat$1 8,flee1 ,can?>ides1 a wild wolf seeks y\r blood40#dce ,abscesses & inflammations are treat$ ) ! h]b res$a & a ,lat9 translation :i* seems irrelevant1 if n q s5seless1 & :i* may be translat$1 8,res$a1 make disease rec$e4 ,don't y "k1 don't y "k :at *ick has dug up ^! roots8 ,may !y h nei!r head nor feet40#dcf ,9 ! book foll[+ ?is passage ,pl9y raises ! g5]al "q ( ! p[] ( words to heal diseases4#dcg ,he gives _m in/ances ( belief 9 incantations f contempor>y popul> sup]/ition1 f ,roman religion1 & f ! annals ( hi/ory4 ,he does n d\bt t ,romans 9 ! pa/ h believ$ 9 ! p[] ( words1 & ?9ks t if we accept set =ms ( pray] & religi\s =mulae1 we mu/ also admit ! =ce ( incantations4 ,b he adds t ! wise/ individuals believe 9 nei!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,attitude to love-*>ms & bir?-control4 ,pl9y's recipes & op]ations are ma9ly connect$ ) ei!r m$ic9e or agriculture1 b he also introduces z we h se5 magical proc$ure employ$ 9 *ild-bir?1 safegu>ds aga9/ poisons & reptiles1 & c\nt]-*>ms aga9/ sorc]y4 ,he m ?an once av]s t love-*>ms 7amatoria7 lie outside 8 prov9ce1#dch 9 "o passage alleg+ z a reason t ! illu/ri\s g5]al ,lucullus 0 kill$ by "o1#dci b he includes a great _m ( !m nev]!less4#ddj ,"s h]bs are s employ$ because ( a resemblance 9 %ape to ! sexual organs1#dda ano!r in/ance ( association by simil>ity4 ,pl9y decl>$ aga9/ abortive drugs z well z love-*>ms1#ddb b cit$ f ! ,comm5t>ies ( ,caecilius "o recipe = bir?-control = ! b5efit ( ov]-fecund wom51 consi/+ ( a ligature ( two little worms f\nd 9 ! body ( a c]ta9 species ( spid] & b\nd on 9 de]-sk9 be=e sunrise4 ,aft] a ye> ! virtue ( ?is *>m expires4#ddc ,sid5ote3 ,pl9y & a/rology4 ,pl9y devotes b a small fraction ( 8 "w to ! />s & heav5s z aga9/ t]re/rial ph5om5a1 & !re=e has less occasion to speak ( a/rology ?an ( magic4 ,h[ev]1 _h he be5 a great believ] 9 a/rology he d\btless w\ld h devot$ m space to ! />s & _! influ5ce on t]re/rial ph5om5a4 ,he recognizes none ! less1 z we h se51 t magic & a/rology are intimately relat$ & t 8!re is no "o :o is n eag] to le>n 8 own future & :o does n ?9k t ?is is %[n mo/ truly by ! heav5s40#ddd ,p>5!tically x may be rem>k$ t ! g5]al lit]ature ( ! "t only confirms ?is ass]tion ( ! widespread preval5ce ( a/rology2 allusions ( poets imply a te*nical k ( ! art on _! read]s' "p2 ! v emp]ors :o occasionally bani%$ a/rolog]s f ,rome !mselves consult$ o!r adepts4 ,9 ano!r passage ,pl9y speaks ( m5 :o 8assign ev5ts ea* to its /> accord+ to ! rules ( nativities & believe t ,god decre$ ! future once = all & has nev] int]f]$ ) ! c\rse ( ev5ts s9ce40#dde ,?is way ( ?9k+ has caught le>n$ & vulg> alike 9 its curr5t & has l$ to su* fur!r me?ods ( div9ation z ^? by lightn+1 oracles1 h>uspices1 & ev5 su* petty auguries z f sneezes & %ift+ ( ! feet4 ,fur!rmore 9 ,pl9y's li/ ( m5 prom95t 9 ! v>i\s arts & sci5ces we f9d ,b]osus ( :om a /atue 0 erect$ by ! ,a!nians 9 honor ( 8 skill 9 a/rological progno/ication4#ddf ,9 ano!r place :]e he speaks = a mom5t ( 8! sci5ce ( ! />s0 ,pl9y disputes ! !ories ( ,b]osus1 ,ne*epso1 & ,petosiris t l5g? ( human life is ord]$ by ! />s1 & also makes ! trite objection to ! doctr9e ( nativities t ma/]s & slaves1 k+s & begg>s are born at ! same mom5t4#ddg ,he also is r incl9$ to ridicule ! enorm\s figures ( #gbj1jjj or #dij1jjj ye>s set by ,epig5es & ,b]osus & ,critodemus = ! duration ( a/ronomical obs]vations record$ by ! ,babylonians4#ddh ,f su* passages we get ! impression t a/rology is widely accept$ z a sci5ce b t ! art ( nativities at lea/ is n reg>d$ by ,pl9y ) favor4 ,b x w\ld n be safe to say t he d5ies ! control ( ! />s ov] human de/9y4 ,inde$1 9 "o *apt] he decl>es t ! a/ronom] ,hipp>*us c nev] be prais$ en\gh because m ?an any o!r man he prov$ ! relation%ip ( man ) ! />s & t our s\ls are "p ( ! sky4#ddi ,:5 ,pl9y disputes ! vulg> notion t ea* man has a /> v>y+ 9 brightness accord+ to 8 =tune1 ris+ :5 he is born1 & fad+ or fall+ :5 he dies1 he is n attack+ ev5 ! doctr9e ( nativities2 he is d5y+ t ! />s are controll$ by man's fate r ?an t man's life is ord]$ by ! />s4#dej ,sid5ote3 ,cele/ial port5ts4 ,if ,pl9y ?us leaves u unc]ta9 z to ! relation ( man to ! />s1 we also receive conflict+ impressions f 8 discussion ( v>i\s cele/ial ph5om5a reg>d$ z port5t\s4 ,9 "o passage he speaks ( ! debt ( gratitude ow$ by mank9d to ^? great a/ronomical g5iuses :o h fre$ m5 f _! =m] sup]/iti\s fe> ( eclipses4#dea ,b he expla9s ?und]bolts z cele/ial fire vomit$ =? f ! planet ,v5us & 8be>+ om5s ( ! future40#deb ,he also gives in/ances f ,roman hi/ory ( comets :i* signal$ disa/]1 & he exp\nds ! !ory ( _! signify+ ! future4#dec ,:at !y port5d may be det]m9$ f ! direction 9 :i* !y move & ! heav5ly body ^: p[] !y receive1 & m p>ticul>ly f ! %apes !y assume & _! position 9 relation to ! signs ( ! zodiac4 ,inde$1 ,pl9y ev5 gives examples ( om9\s eclipses ( ! sun1 al?\gh x is true t !y 7 also ( unusual l5g?4#ded ,he also tells u t _m ( ! common p /ill believ$ t wom5 c\ld produce eclipses 8by sorc]ies & h]bs40#dee ,sid5ote3 ,! />s & ! _w ( nature4 ,aside f ! "q ( ! control ( human de/9y by ! con/ellations at bir?1 ,pl9y's g5]al !ories ( ! univ]se & ( ! influ5ce ( ! />s ^u t]re/rial nature are r\ghly simil> to ^? ( a/rology4 ,= him ! univ]se itself is ,god1 8holy1 et]nal1 va/1 all 9 all1 nay1 9 tru? itself all20#def & ! sun is ! m9d & s\l ( ! :ole _w & ! *ief gov]nor ( nature4#deg ,! planets affect "o ano!r4 ,a cold /> r5d]s ano!r approa*+ x pale2 a hot /> causes its neighbor to r$d52 a w9dy planet gives ^? ne> x a l[]+ appe>ance4#deh ,at c]ta9 po9ts 9 _! orbits ! planets are deflect$ f _! regul> c\rse by ! rays ( ! sun1--an unwitt+ concession to helioc5tric !ory4#dei ,pl9y ascribes ! usual a/rological qualities to ! planets4#dfj ,saturn is cold & rigid2 ,m>s1 a flam+ fire2 ,jupit]1 locat$ betwe5 !m1 is temp]ate & salubri\s4 ,besides _! effects ^u "o ano!r1 ! planets especially influ5ce ! e>?4#dfa ,v5us1 = in/ance1 rules ! process ( g5]ation 9 all t]re/rial be+s4#dfb ,foll[+ ! ,georgics ( ,v]gil some:at1 ,pl9y ass]ts t ! />s give indubitable signs ( ! wea!r & exp\nds ! utility ( ! con/ellations to f>m]s4#dfc ,he tells h[ ,democritus by 8 k ( a/ronomy 0 able to corn] ! olive crop & put to %ame bus9ess m5 :o _h be5 decry+ philosophy2#dfd & h[ on ano!r occasion he gave 8 bro!r timely w>n+ ( an imp5d+ /orm4#dfe ,b ,pl9y does n accept all ! !ories ( ! a/rolog]s z to control ( ! />s ov] t]re/rial nature4 ,he repeats1 b )\t def9itely accept+ x1 ! ascription by ! ,babylonians ( e>?quakes to ?ree ( ! planets 9 p>ticul>1#dff & ! notion t ! gem s&a/ros or g>amantica1 employ$ by ,*aldeans 9 _! c]emonies1 is intimately connect$ ) ! />s4#dfg ,he is op5ly incr$ul\s ab\t ! gem glossopetra1 %ap$ l a human tongue & suppos$ to fall f ! sky dur+ an eclipse ( ! moon & to be invaluable 9 sel5omancy4#dfh ,sid5ote3 ,a/rological m$ic9e4 ,pl9y tells h[ ! physician ,cr9as ( ,m>seilles made a =tune by regulat+ diet & obs]v+ h\rs accord+ to ! motion ( ! />s4#dfi ,b he does n %[ mu* fai? 9 a/rological m$ic9e himself1 reject+ entirely ! elaborate classification ( diseases & rem$ies :i* ! a/rolog]s _h by 8 "t already work$ out = ! revolutions ( ! sun & moon 9 ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac4#dgj ,9 8 own recipes1 h[ev]1 a/rological consid]ations are sometimes obs]v$1 z we h already se51 especially ! ris+ ( ! dog-/> & ! phases ( ! moon4 ,pl9y1 inde$1 /ates t ! dog-/> ex]ts an ext5sive influ5ce ^u ! e>?4#dga ,z = ! moon1 ! blood 9 ! human body augm5ts & decreases ) its wax+ & wan+ z %ell-fi% & o!r ?+s 9 nature d4#dgb ,inde$1 pa9/ak+ m5 ( rese>* _h discov]$ t ev5 ! entrails ( ! field-m\se correspond$ 9 numb] to ! days ( ! moon1 t ! ant /opp$ work+ dur+ ! int]lun> days1 & t diseases ( ! eyes ( c]ta9 bea/s ( burd5 also increas$ & decreas$ ) ! moon4#dgc ,b on ! :ole ,pl9y's m$ic9e & sci5ce d n seem ne>ly s imm]s$ 9 & saturat$ ) a/rology z ) o!r =ms ( magic4 ,?is gap 0 = ! middle ages amply fill$ by ! au?ority ( ,ptolemy1 ( ^: belief 9 a/rology we %all treat 9 ! next *apt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion3 magic unity ( ,pl9y's sup]/itions4 ,we h tri$ to analyze ! cont5ts ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory1 br++ out c]ta9 ma9 divisions & und]ly+ pr9ciples ( magic 9 ,pl9y's agriculture1 m$ic9e1 & natural sci5ce4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 an artificial & difficult task1 s9ce x is n easy to sev] mat]ials f c]emonial or ! virtues ( objects f ! relations ( sympa?y or antipa?y betwe5 !m4 ,(t5 ! same passage might s]ve to illu/rate sev]al po9ts4 ,take = example ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 8,?rasyllus is au?ority t no?+ is s ho/ile to s]p5ts z crabs2 sw9e :o are /ung cure !mselves by ?is food1 & :5 ! sun is 9 ,canc]1 s]p5ts are 9 pa940#dgd ,"h we h at once antipa?y1 ! rem$ies us$ by animals1 ! reason+1 *>act]i/ic ( magic1 f association & simil>ity1 & ! belief 9 a/rology4 ,& ?is confusion1 to illu/rate :i* a hundr$ o!r examples might be collect$ f ! ,natural ,hi/ory1 demon/rates h[ indissolubly int]wov5 are all ! v>i$ ?reads t we h be5 trac+4 ,!y all g naturally toge!r1 !y belong to ! same long p]iod ( ?\ght1 !y repres5t ! same /age 9 m5tal developm5t1 !y all are p>ts ( magic4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,s5eca ,,& ,,ptolemy3 ,,natural ,,div9ation ,,& ,,a/rology ,s5eca's ,natural ,que/ions--,nature /udy z an e?ical sub/itute = exi/+ religion--,limit$ field ( ,s5eca's "w--,m>vels accept$1 que/ion$1 or d5i$--,belief 9 natural div9ation & a/rology--,div9ation f ?und]--,ptolemy--,8 two *ief works--,8 ma!matical me?od--,attitude t[>ds au?ority & obs]vation--,! ,optics--,m$ieval translations ( ,almage/--,tetrabiblos or ,quadrip>titum--,a g5u9e reflection ( ,ptolemy's approval ( a/rology--,validity ( ,a/rology--,influ5ce ( ! />s n inevitable--,a/rology z natural sci5ce--,prop]ties ( ! planets--,rema9+ cont5ts ( ,book ,"o--,book ,two3 regions--,nativities--,future influ5ce ( ! ,tetrabiblos4 8,:5 ! />s tw9kle ?r\gh ! loops ( "t40 --,byron4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5eca's ,natural ,que/ions4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all preface ! ma9 !me ( ,ptolemy & 8 sanction ( a/rology by a consid]ation ( ano!r & e>li] anci5t writ] on natural sci5ce :o 0 v favorable to div9ation ( ! future1 namely1 ! fam\s philosoph]1 /atesman1 man ( lett]s1 & tutor ( ,n]o1 ,lucius ,annaeus ,s5eca4 ,9 po9t ( "t 8 ,natural ,que/ions1 or ,problems ( ,nature1 is a "w slightly ant$at+ ev5 ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,pl9y1 b x is h>dly ( su* importance 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce z ! m volum9\s works ( ! ?ree great repres5tatives ( anci5t sci5ce1 ,pl9y1 ,gal51 & ,ptolemy4 ,nev]!less ,s5eca 0 well kn[n & mu* cit$ 9 ! middle ages z an e?ical or moral philosoph]1 & ! title1 ,natural ,que/ions1 0 to be employ$ by "o ( ! fir/ m$ieval pione]s ( natural sci5ce1 ,adel>d ( ,ba?4 ,s5eca 9 any case is a "n ( :i* anci5t sci5ce ne$ n be a%am$4 ,he tells u t 9 8 y\? he _h already writt5 a treatise on e>?quakes2#dge & 9 ! pres5t treatise 8 aim is to inquire into ! natural causes ( ph5om5a2 he wants to "k :y ?+s are s4 ,he is aw>e t 8 own age has only ent]$ ! ve/ibule ( ! k ( natural ph5om5a & =ces1 t x has b j begun to "k five ( ! _m />s1 t 8!re w come a "t :5 our desc5dants w wond] t we 7 ignorant ( matt]s s evid5t40#dgf ,sid5ote3 ,/udy ( nature z an e?ical sub/itute = exi/+ religion4 ,9 "o passage ,s5eca p]haps expresses 8 consci\sness ( ! v imp]fect sci5tific k ( 8 own age a little too my/ically4 8,!re are sacr$ ?+s :i* are n reveal$ all at once4 ,eleusis res]ves sights = ^? :o revisit h]4 ,nature does n disclose h] my/]ies 9 a mom5t4 ,we ?9k ourselves initiat$2 we /& b at h] portal4 ,^? secrets op5 n promiscu\sly nor to e com]4 ,!y are remote ( access1 en%r9$ 9 ! inn] sanctu>y40#dgg ,inde$1 he %[s a t5d5cy to reg>d sci5tific rese>* z a sort ( religi\s ex]cise or p]haps z a sub/itute = exi/+ religion & a basis = moral philosophy4 ,he relates physics to e?ics4 ,8 en?usiasm 9 ! /udy ( natural =ces appe>s l>gely due to ! fact t he believes !m to be ( a sublime & div9e "* & above ! petty affairs ( m54 ,he also z con/antly & m fulsomely ?an ,pl9y inveighs aga9/ ! luxury1 vice1 & immorality ( 8 own day1 & moralizes z to ! b5efic5t influ5ce :i* natural law & ph5om5a %\ld ex]t ^u human conduct4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ?is habit ( draw+ moral lessons f ! facts ( nature 0 n peculi> to m$ieval or ,*ri/ian writ]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,limit$ field ( ,s5eca's "w4 ,) su* subjects z zoology1 botany1 & m9]alogy ,s5eca's "w has little to d2 x does n1 l ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory1 include m$ic9e & ! indu/rial arts2 nei!r does he1 l ,pl9y1 cite ! lore ( ! magi4 ,! ph5om5a ( :i* he treats are ma9ly meteorological manife/ations1 su* z w9ds1 ra91 hail1 sn[1 comets1 ra9b[s1 & :at he reg>ds z alli$ subjects1 e>?quakes1 spr+s1 & riv]s4 ,p]haps he w\ld n h reg>d$ ! /udy ( vegetables1 animals1 & m9]als z s l(ty & sublime a pursuit4 ,at any rate1 9 consequ5ce ( ! re/rict$ field :i* ,s5eca cov]s we f9d v little ( ! m>vel\s m$ic9al & magical prop]ties ( plants1 animals1 & o!r objects1 or ! sup]/iti\s proc$ure :i* fill ! pages ( ,pl9y4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>vels accept$1 que/ion$1 or d5i$4 ,s5eca nev]!less has occasion to repeat "s tall /ories1 su* z t ! riv] ,alpheus ( ,greece reappe>s z ! ,are?usa 9 ,sicily & !re e f\r ye>s ca/s up fil? f its dep?s on ! v days :5 victims are slaught]$ at ! ,olympic games4#dgh ,he also affirms t liv+ be+s are g5]at$ 9 fire2 he believes 9 su* effects ( lightn+ z remov+ ! v5om f snakes :i* x /rikes2 & he rec\nts ! old /ories ( float+ isl&s & ( wat]s ) ! virtue ( turn+ :ite %eep black4#dgi ,on ! o!r h&1 he qualifies by ! phrases1 8x is believ$0 & 8!y say10 ! ass]tions t c]ta9 wat]s produce f\l sk9-diseases & t dew 9 p>ticul>1 if collect$ 9 any quantity1 has ?is evil prop]ty2 & he d\bts :e!r ba?+ 9 ! ,nile w\ld enable a woman to be> m *ildr54#dhj ,he ridicules ! cu/om ( ! city :i* _h public wat*m5 appo9t$ to w>n ! inhabitants ( ! approa* ( hail-/orms1 s t !y might av]t ! dang] by timely sacrifice or simply by prick+ _! own f+]s s t !y bl$ a trifle4 ,he adds t "s sugge/ t blood may possess "s occult prop]ty ( repell+ /orm-cl\ds1 b he does n see h[ !re c be su* =ce 9 a drop or two & ?9ks x simpl] to reg>d ! :ole ?+ z false4 ,9 ! same *apt] he /ates t unciviliz$ antiquity us$ to believe t ra9 c\ld be br\ght on or driv5 (f by incantations1 b t n[-a-days no "o ne$s a philosoph] to tea* him t ?is is impossible4#dha ,sid5ote3 ,belief 9 natural div9ation & a/rology4 ,b :ile he ?us rejects incantations & is practically sil5t on ! subject ( natural magic1 ,s5eca accepts natural div9ation 9 well-nigh all its bran*es3 sacrificial1 augury1 a/rology1 & div9ation f ?und]4 ,he believes t :atev] is caus$ is a sign ( "s future ev5t4#dhb ,only ,s5eca holds t e flight ( a bird is n caus$ by a direct act ( ,god1 nor ! vitals ( ! victim alt]$ "u ! axe by div9e int]f]5ce1 b t all has be5 pre>rang$ 9 a fatal & causal s]ies4#dhc ,he believes t all unusual cele/ial ph5om5a are to be look$ ^u z prodigies & port5ts4 ,a meteor 8z big z ! moon appe>$ :5 ,paulus 0 engag$ 9 ! w> aga9/ ,p]seus02 simil> port5ts m>k$ ! dea? ( ,augu/us & execution ( ,sejanus1 & gave w>n+ ( ! dea? ( ,g]manicus4#dhd ,b no less truly d ! planets 9 _! unv>y+ c\rses signify ! future4 ,! />s are ( div9e nature1 & we ought to approa* ! discussion ( !m ) z rev]5t an air z :5 ) l[]$ c\nt5ance we ent] ! temples = wor%ip4#dhe ,n only d ! />s influ5ce ! upp] atmosph]e z e>?'s exhalations affect ! l[]1 b !y ann\nce :at is to occur4#dhf ,s5eca employs ! /atem5t ( ,ari/otle t comets signify ! com+ ( /orms & w9ds & f\l wea!r to prove t !y are />s2 & decl>es t a comet is a port5t ( bad wea!r dur+ ! ensu+ ye> 9 ! same way t ! ,*aldeans or a/rolog]s say t a man's natal /> det]m9es ! :ole c\rse ( 8 life4#dhg ,9 fact1 ,s5eca's *ief1 if n sole1 objection to ! ,*aldeans or a/rolog]s w\ld seem to be t 9 _! pr$ictions !y take only five />s#dhh into acc\nt4 8,:at8 ,?9k y s _m ?\s& />s %9e on 9 va98 ,:at else1 inde$1 is x :i* causes ^? skill$ 9 nativities to err ?an t !y assign u to a few />s1 al?\gh all ^? t are above u h a %>e 9 ! control ( our fate8 ,p]haps ^? :i* are ne>] direct _! influ5ce ^u u m closely2 p]haps ^? ( m rapid motion look d[n on u & o!r animals f m v>i$ aspects4 ,b ev5 ^? />s t are motionless1 or because ( _! spe$ keep equal pace ) ! re/ ( ! univ]se & seem n to move1 are n )\t rule & dom9ion ov] u40#dhi ,s5eca accepts ! !ory ( ,b]osus t :5ev] all ! />s are 9 conjunction 9 ! sign ( ,canc] !re w be a univ]sal conflagration1 & a second deluge :5 !y all unite 9 ,capricorn4#dij ,sid5ote3 ,div9ation f ?und]4 ,x is on ?und]bolts z port5ts ( ! future t ,s5eca dwells longe/1 h[ev]4#dia 8,!y give10 he decl>es1 8n signs ( ?is or t ev5t m]ely1 b (t5 ann\nce a :ole s]ies ( ev5ts de/9$ to occur1 & t by manife/ decrees & ones f> cle>] ?an if !y 7 set d[n 9 writ+40#dib ,he w n accept1 h[ev]1 ! !ory t lightn+ has su* great p[] t its int]v5tion nullifies any previ\s & contradictory port5ts4 ,he insi/s t div9ation by o!r me?ods is ( equal tru?1 ?\gh possibly ( m9or importance & significance4 ,next he attempts to expla9 h[ ! dang]s ( :i* we are w>n$ by div9ation may be av]t$ by pray]1 expiation1 or sacrifice1 & yet ! *a9 ( ev5ts wr\ght by de/9y n be brok54 ,he ma9ta9s t j z we employ ! s]vices ( doctors to pres]ve our heal?1 despite any belief we may h 9 fate1 s x is useful to consult a h>uspex4 ,!n he goes on to speak ( v>i\s classifications ( ?und]bolts accord+ to ! nature ( ! w>n+s or enc\ragem5ts :i* !y br+4 ,sid5ote3 ,ptolemy4 ,we pass on f ,s5eca to a lat] & great] expon5t ( natural sci5ce & div9ation1 ,ptolemy1 9 ! foll[+ c5tury4 ,he 0 p]haps born at ,ptolemas 9 ,egypt b liv$ at ,alex&ria4 ,! exact ye>s ( 8 bir? & dea? are unkn[n1 & v little is record$ ( 8 life or p]sonality4 ,! "t :5 he fl\ri%$ is suffici5tly indicat$1 h[ev]1 by ! fact t 8 fir/ record$ a/ronomical obs]vation 0 9 #abg & 8 la/ 9 #aea ,a4 ,d4 ,?us mo/ ( 8 "w 0 probably done dur+ ! reigns ( ,hadrian & ,anton9us ,pius1 b he appe>s to h liv$ on into ! reign ( ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,8 /rictly sci5tific /yle scorns rhetorical devices & lit]>y felicities1 & :ile x is cle> & correct1 is dry & imp]sonal4#dic ,sid5ote3 ,8 two *ief works4 ,ptolemy's two *ief works1 ! ,geography 9 eight books1 & 1 or ,almage/ 7al-7 z ! ,arabs call$ x1 9 ?irte5 books1 h be5 s (t5 describ$ 9 hi/ories ( ma!matics1 a/ronomy1 geography1 & discov]y t su* outl9e ( _! cont5ts ne$ n be repeat$ "h4 ,! errone\s ,ptolemaic !ories ( a geoc5tric univ]se & ( an e>?'s surface on :i* dry l& prepond]at$ are equally well kn[n4 ,:at is m to ! po9t at pres5t is to note t "o ( ^! !ories 0 s well fitt$ to actual sci5tific obs]vations & ! o!r 0 ?\ght to be s simil>ly bas$1 t !y /ood ! te/ ( !ory1 criticism1 & practice = ov] a ?\s& ye>s4#did ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be said t ! ,geography does n seem to h be5 translat$ into ,lat9 until ! op5+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1#die :5 ,jacobus ,angelus made a translation = ,pope ,alex&] ,v1 7#adji-adaj71 :i* is extant 9 _m manuscripts#dif z well z 9 pr9t4#dig ,x !re=e did n h ! influ5ce & fame 9 ! ,lat9 middle ages t ! ,almage/ did or ! brief] a/rological writ+s1 g5u9e & spuri\s1 curr5t "u ,ptolemy's "n4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 ma!matical me?od4 ,we may briefly /ate "o or two ( ,ptolemy's greate/ contributions to ma!matical & natural sci5ce & 8 probable position 9 ! hi/ory ( exp]im5tal me?od4 ,p]haps ( great] consequ5ce 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce ?an any "o specific ?+ he did 0 8 cont9ual reliance ^u ma!matical me?od bo? 9 8 a/ronomy & 8 geography4 ,9 p>ticul> may be not$ 8 important contribution to trigonometry 9 8 table ( *ords1 :i* mod]n s*ol>s h f\nd correct to five decimal places1 & 8 contribution to ! sci5ce ( c>tography by 8 successful projection ( sph]ical surfaces ^u flat maps4 ,sid5ote3 ,attitude t[>ds au?ority & obs]vation4 ,ptolemy bas$ 8 two great works p>tly ^u ! results already atta9$ by e>li] sci5ti/s1 foll[+ ,hipp>*us especially 9 a/ronomy & ,m>9us 9 geography4 ,he duly ackn[l$g$ 8 debts to ^! & o!r writ]s2 prais$ ,hipp>*us & rec\nt$ 8 discov]ies2 & :]e he correct$ ,m>9us1 did s ) reason4 ,b :ile ,ptolemy us$ previ\s au?orities1 he 0 f> f rely+ ^u !m solely4 ,9 ! ,geography he adds a good deal conc]n+ ! ori5t & nor!rn l&s f ! reports ( ,roman m]*ants & soldi]s4 ,8 int5tion 0 to repeat briefly :at ! anci5ts _h already made cle>1 & to devote 8 works *iefly to po9ts :i* _h rema9$ obscure4 ,8 ideal 0 to re/ 8 conclusions ^u ! sure/ possible obs]vation2 & :]e su* mat]ials 7 meag]1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,geography1 he says s at ! />t4 ,he also recogniz$ t delicate obs]vations %\ld be repeat$ at long int]vals 9 ord] to m9imize ! possibility ( error4 ,he devis$ & describ$ "s sci5tific in/rum5ts & conduct$ a long s]ies ( a/ronomical obs]vations4 ,he antec$$ ,comte 9 hold+ t "o %\ld adopt ! simple/ possible hypo!sis consi/5t ) ! facts to be expla9$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,optics4 ,besides "s m9or a/ronomical works & a treatise on music :i* seems to be l>gely a compilation an important "w on optics is ascrib$ to ,ptolemy4#dih ,x is ! mo/ exp]im5tal 9 me?od ( 8 writ+s1 al?\gh ,alex&] von ,humboldt's *>act]ization ( x z ! only "w 9 anci5t lit]ature :i* reveals an inve/igator ( nature 9 ! act ( physical exp]im5tation#dii mu/ be reg>d$ z an exagg]ation 9 view ( our k ( ! writ+s ( o!r ,alex&r9es su* z ,h]o & ,ctesibius4 ,z 9 ! case ( "s ( ,ptolemy's o!r m9or works1 ! ,greek orig9al is lo/ & also ! ,arabic text f :i* 0 presumably made ! m$ieval ,lat9 v]sion :i* alone has come d[n to u4 ,yet !re are at lea/ sixte5 manuscripts ( ?is ,lat9 v]sion /ill 9 exi/5ce4#ejj ,! translation 0 made 9 ! twelf? c5tury by ,eug5e ( ,pal]mo1 admiral ( ,sicily1 ^: "n is atta*$ to o!r translations & :o 0 also ! au?or ( a numb] ( ,greek poems4#eja ,hell] /ates t ! ,optics 0 lo/ at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury b t manuscripts ( x 7 r$iscov]$ by ,laplace & ,delambre4#ejb ,at any rate ! fir/ ( ! five books is no long] extant1 al?\gh ,bridges ?9ks t ,rog] ,bacon 0 acqua9t$ ) x 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4#ejc ,x dealt ) ! relations betwe5 ! eye & light4 ,9 ! second book conditions ( visibility are discuss$ & ! dep5d5ce ( ! app>5t size ( bodies ^u ! angle ( vision4 ,! ?ird & f\r? books deal ) diff]5t k9ds ( mirrors1 plane1 convex1 concave1 conical1 & pyramidical4 ,mo/ important ( all is ! fif? & la/ book1 9 :i* dioptrics & refraction are discuss$ = ! fir/ & only "t 9 any extant "w ( antiquity1#ejd provid$ ! ,optics has really come d[n 9 its pres5t =m f ! "t ( ,ptolemy4 ,8 au?or%ip has be5 que/ion$ because ! subject ( refraction is n m5tion$ 9 ! ,almage/1 al?\gh ev5 a/ronomical refraction is discuss$ 9 ! ,optics4#eje ,de ,morgan also objects t ! au?or ( ! ,optics is inf]ior to ,ptolemy 9 k ( geometry4#ejf ,possibly a "w by ,ptolemy has receiv$ m$ieval additions1 ei!r ,arabic or ,lat91 9 ! v]sion n[ extant2 maybe ! entire fif? book is su* a supplem5t4 ,t works :i* 7 n ,ptolemy's might be attribut$ to him 9 ! middle ages is se5 f ! case ( ,h]o's ,catoptrica1 ! ,lat9 translation ( :i* f ! ,greek is entitl$ 9 ! manuscripts ,ptolemaei de speculis4#ejg ,sid5ote3 ,m$ieval translations ( ,almage/4 ,if !re is1 z 9 o!r p>allel cases1 ! possibility t ! m$ieval p]iod pass$ (f rec5t discov]ies ( its own "u ! au?oritative "n ( ,ptolemy1 !re also is ! c]ta9ty t x made ,ptolemy's g5u9e works v mu* its own4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by ! case ( ! ,almage/4 ,on ! v]ge ( ! m$ieval p]iod ! "w 0 comm5t$ ^u by ,pappus & ,!on at ,alex&ria 9 ! f\r?1 & by ,proclus 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,! ,lat9 translation by ,boe?ius is n extant1 b ! book 0 9 great repute among ! ,arabs1 0 translat$ at ,bagdad e>ly 9 ! n9? c5tury & revis$ lat] 9 ! same c5tury by ,tabit b5 ,corra4 ,dur+ ! twelf? c5tury x 0 translat$ into ,lat9 bo? f ! ,greek & ! ,arabic4 ,! translation mo/ famili> 9 ! middle ages 0 t complet$ at ,tol$o 9 #aage by ! fam\s translator1 ,g]>d ( ,cremona4 ,!re has rec5tly be5 discov]$1 h[ev]1 by ,pr(essors ,hask9s & ,lockwood#ejh a ,sicilian translation made direct f ! ,greek text "s t5 or twelve ye>s be=e ,g]>d's translation4 ,!re are two manuscripts ( ?is ,sicilian translation 9 ! ,vatican & "o at ,flor5ce1 %[+ t x _h at lea/ "s ,italian curr5cy4 ,g]>d's reputation & 8 _m o!r a/ronomical & a/rological translations probably acc\nt = ! great] preval5ce ( 8 v]sion1 or possibly ! !ological opposition to natural sci5ce ( :i* ! anonym\s ,sicilian translator speaks 9 8 preface _h "s effect 9 prev5t+ ! spread ( 8 v]sion4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,tetrabiblos or ,quadrip>titum4 ,( ,ptolemy's g5u9e works ! mo/ g]mane to & significant = our inve/igation is 8 ,tetrabiblos1 ,quadrip>titum1 or f\r books on ! control ( human life by ! />s4 ,x seems to h be5 translat$ into ,lat9 by ,plato ( ,tivoli 9 ! fir/ half ( ! twelf? c5tury#eji be=e ,almage/ or ,geography appe>$ 9 ,lat94 ,9 ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ,egidius de ,tebaldis1 a ,lomb>d ( ! city ( ,p>ma1 fur!r translat$ ! comm5t>y ( ,haly ,heb5 ,rodan ^u ! ,quadrip>titum4#eaj ,9 ! e>ly ,lat9 editions#eaa ! text is t ( ! m$ieval translation2 9 ! few editions giv+ a ,greek text !re is a diff]5t ,lat9 v]sion translat$ directly f ?is ,greek text4#eab ,sid5ote3 ,a g5u9e reflection ( ,ptolemy's approval ( a/rology4 ,9 ! ,tetrabiblos ! art ( a/rology receives sanction & exposition f p]haps ! able/ ma!matician & close/ sci5tific obs]v] ( ! day or at lea/ f "o :o seem$ s to succe$+ g5]ations4 ,h5ce f t "t on a/rology 0 able to take %elt] f any criticism "u ! aegis ( 8 au?ority4 ,n t x lack$ o!r expon5ts & def5d]s ( great "n & ability4 ,naturally ! au!nticity ( ! ,tetrabiblos has be5 que/ion$ by mod]n admir]s ( ,hell5ic philosophy & sci5ce :o w\ld keep ! reputations ( ! great m5 ( ! pa/ free f all smudge ( sup]/ition4 ,b ,franz ,boll has %[n t x is by ,ptolemy by a close comp>ison ( x ) 8 o!r works4#eac ,! a/rological ,c5tiloquium or ,k>pos1 & o!r treatises on div9ation & a/rological images ascrib$ to ,ptolemy 9 m$ieval ,lat9 manuscripts are probably spuri\s1 b !re is no d\bt ( 8 belief 9 a/rology4 ,g]man rese>* z usual reg>ds its favorite ,posidonius z ! ultimate s\rce ( mu* ( ! ,tetrabiblos1 b ?is is n a matt] ( mu* consequ5ce = our pres5t inve/igation4 ,sid5ote3 ,validity ( a/rology4 ,9 ! ,tetrabiblos ,ptolemy fir/ engages 9 argum5t z to ! validity ( ! art ( judicial a/rology4 ,if 8 rem>ks 9 ?is connection 7 n already trite cont5tions1 !y soon came to be reg>d$ z truisms4 ,! laws ( a/ronomy are beyond dispute1 says ,ptolemy1 b ! art ( pr$iction ( human affairs f ! c\rses ( ! />s may be assail$ ) m %[ ( reason4 ,oppon5ts ( a/rology object t ! art is unc]ta91 & t x is useless s9ce ! ev5ts decre$ by ! =ce ( ! />s are inevitable4 ,ptolemy op5s 8 argum5t 9 favor ( ! art by assum+ z evid5t t a c]ta9 =ce is diffus$ f ! heav5s ov] all ?+s on e>?4 ,if ignorant sailors are able to judge ! future wea!r f ! sky1 a highly tra9$ a/ronom] %\ld be able to pr$ict conc]n+ its influ5ce on man4 ,! art itself %\ld n be reject$ because impo/ors frequ5tly abuse x1 & ,ptolemy admits t x has n yet be5 br\ght to ! po9t ( p]fection & t ev5 ! skilful inve/igator (t5 makes mi/akes ow+ to ! incomplete /ate ( human sci5ce4 ,= "o ?+1 ,ptolemy reg>ds ! doctr9e ( ! nature ( matt] held 9 8 "t z hypo!tical r ?an c]ta94 ,ano!r difficulty is t old configurations ( ! />s _c safely be us$ z ! basis ( pres5t day pr$ictions4 ,inde$1 s manifold are ! diff]5t possible positions ( ! />s & ! diff]5t possible arrangem5ts ( t]re/rial matt] 9 relation to ! />s t x is difficult to collect en\gh obs]vations on :i* to base rules ( g5]al judgm5t4 ,moreov]1 su* consid]ations z div]sity ( place1 ( cu/om1 & ( education mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt 9 =etell+ ! future ( diff]5t p]sons born "u ! same />s4 ,b al?\gh = ^! reasons pr$ictions frequ5tly fail1 yet ! art is n to be condemn$ any m ?an "o rejects ! art ( navigation because ( frequ5t %ipwrecks4 ,sid5ote3 ,influ5ce ( ! />s n inevitable4 ,nor is x true t ! art is useless because ! decrees ( ! />s are inevitable4 ,x is (t5 an advantage to h previ\s k ev5 ( :at _c be avoid$4 ,ev5 ! pr$iction ( disa/] s]ves to break ! news g5tly4 ,b n all pr$ictions are inevitable & immutable2 ?is is true only ( ! motion ( ! sky itself & ev5ts 9 :i* x is exclusively conc]n$4 8,b o!r ev5ts :i* d n arise solely f ! sky's motion1 are easily alt]$ by application ( opposite rem$ies10 j z we c 9 "p rem$y ! hurt ( w\nds & diseases or c\nt]act ! heat ( summ] by use ( cool+ ?+s4 ,! ,egyptians h always f\nd a/rology useful 9 ! practice ( m$ic9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,a/rology z natural sci5ce4 ,ptolemy next proce$s to set =? ! natures & p[]s ( ! />s 8accord+ to ! obs]vations ( ! anci5ts & con=mably to natural sci5ce40 ,lat]1 :5 he comes to ! pr$iction ( p>ticul>s1 he /ill pr(esses 8to foll[ ev]y:]e ! law ( natural causation10 & 9 a ?ird passage he /ates t he 8w omit all ^? ?+s :i* d n h a probable natural cause1 :i* _m nev]!less scrut9ize curi\sly & to excess3 nor w ,i pile up div9ations by lot-ca/+s or f numb]s1 :i* are unsci5tific1 b ,i w treat ( ^? :i* h an inve/igat$ c]ta9ty bas$ on ! positions ( ! />s & ! prop]ties ( places40 ,connect+ ! positions ( ! />s ) e>?ly regions1--x is an art t fits 9 well ) ,ptolemy's o!r occupations ( a/ronom] & geograph]6 ,! ,tetrabiblos has be5 call$ 8,sci5ce's surr5d]10#ead b 0 x n m truly div9ation purifi$ & made sci5tific8 ,sid5ote3 ,prop]ties ( ! planets4 ,tak+ up fir/ ! prop]ties ( ! sev5 planets1 ,ptolemy associates ) ea* "o or m ( ! f\r elem5tal qualities1 hot1 cold1 dry1 & moi/4 ,?us ! sun w>ms & to "s ext5t dries1 = ! ne>] x comes to our pole ! m heat & dr\ght x produces4 ,! moon is moi/1 s9ce x is close to ! e>? & is affect$ by ! vapors f ! latt]1 :ile its influ5ce r5d]s o!r bodies s(t & causes putrefaction4 ,b x also w>ms a little ow+ to ! rays x receives f ! sun4 ,saturn *ills & to "s ext5t dries1 = x is remote f ! sun's heat & e>?'s damp vapors4 ,m>s emits a p>*+ heat1 z its color & proximity to ! sun indicate4 ,jupit]1 situat$ betwe5 cold ,saturn & burn+ ,m>s1 is ( a r lukew>m nature b t5ds m to w>m? & moi/ure ?an to _! opposites4 ,s does ,v5us1 b conv]sely1 = x w>ms less ?an ,jupit] does b moi/5s m1 its l>ge surface cat*+ _m vapors f ! neighbor+ e>?4 ,9 ,m]cury1 situat$ ne> sun1 moon1 & e>? alike1 nei!r dr\ght nor dampness pr$om9ates1 b ! velocity ( t planet makes x a pot5t cause ( sudd5 *anges4 ,9 g5]al1 ! planets ex]t a good or evil influ5ce z !y ab\nd 9 ! two ri* & vivify+ qualities1 heat & moi/ure1 or 9 ! detrim5tal ones1 cold & dr\ght4 ,wet />s l ! moon & ,v5us1 are fem99e2 ,m]cury is neut]2 ! o!r planets are mascul9e4 ,! sex ( a planet may also1 h[ev]1 be reckon$ accord+ to its position 9 relation to ! sun & ! horizon2 & *anges 9 ! influ5ces ex]t$ by ! planets are not$ accord+ to _! position or relation to ! sun4 ,?is discussion ( ! prop]ties ( ! planets is nei!r conv9c+ nor sci5tific4 ,x seems argu+ 9 a circle to make _! effects ^u ! e>? dep5d to su* an ext5t ^u !mselves be+ affect$ by vapors f ! e>?4 ,inde$ we are r surpris$ t an a/ronom] l ,ptolemy %\ld repres5t vapors f ! e>? z affect+ ! planets at all4 ,b 8 discussion is at lea/ an ef=t1 albeit a feeble "o1 to express ! pot5cies ( ! planets 9 physical t]ms4 ,sid5ote3 ,rema9+ cont5ts ( ,book ,"o4 ,ptolemy goes on to discuss ! p[]s ( ! fix$ />s :i* seem to dep5d ^u _! positions 9 con/ellations & _! relations to ! planets4 ,!n he treats ( ! influ5ce ( ! f\r seasons ( ! ye> & f\r c>d9al po9ts1 ea* ( :i* he relates to "o ( ! f\r qualities1 hot1 cold1 dry1 & moi/4 ,) a discussion ( ! signs ( ! zodiac & _! division into ,h\ses & relation 9 ,trigones or ,triplicitates or gr\ps ( ?ree connect$ ) ! f\r qualities1 ( ! exaltation ( ! planets 9 ! signs & ( o!r divisions ( ! signs & relations ( ! planets to !m1 ! fir/ book ends4 ,sid5ote3 ,book ,two3 ,regions4 ,! second book beg9s by di/+ui%+ pr$iction ( ev5ts = :ole regions or c\ntries1 su* z w>s1 pe/il5ces1 fam9es1 e>?quakes1 w9ds1 dr\ght1 & wea!r1 f ! pr$iction ( ev5ts 9 ! lives ( individuals4 ,ptolemy holds t ev5ts :i* affect l>ge areas or :ole peoples & cities are produc$ by great] & m valid causes ?an are ! acts ( individual m51 & also t 9 ord] to pr$ict aright conc]n+ ! individual x is necess>y to "k 8 region & nationality4 ,he *>act]izes ! inhabitants ( ! ?ree great climatic zones1#eae qu>t]s ! inhabit$ _w into ,europe1 ,libya1 & two p>ts = ,asia 9 ! /yle ( ! ,t maps1 & subdivides ^! into diff]5t c\ntries ^: peoples are describ$1 includ+ su* races z ! ,amazons4 ,! effects ( ! />s v>y accord+ to "t z well z place1 s t ! p]iod 9 :i* any individual lives is z important to take into acc\nt z 8 nationality4 ,ptolemy also discusses h[ ! heav5ly bodies influ5ce ! g5us ( ev5ts1 a matt] :i* dep5ds l>gely ^u ! signs ( ! zodiac1 & also h[ !y det]m9e _! quality1 good or bad1 & species1 :i* dep5ds on ! dom9ant />s & _! conjunctions4 ,consequ5tly he gives a li/ ( ! ?+s :i* belong "u ! rule ( ea* planet4 ,! rema9d] ( ! second book is conc]n$ *iefly ) pr$iction ( w9d & wea!r ?r\gh ! ye> & ) o!r meteorological ph5om5a su* z comets4 ,sid5ote3 ,nativities4 ,! la/ two books take up ! pr$iction ( ev5ts 9 ! lives ( individuals f ! />s1 9 o!r words ! sci5ce ( nativities or g5e?lialogy4 ,! ?ird book discusses conception & bir?1 h[ to take ! horoscope--,ptolemy insi/s t ! a/rolabe is ! only reliable in/rum5t = det]m9+ ! exact "t2 sun-dials or wat]-clocks w n d--& h[ to pr$ict conc]n+ p>5ts1 bro!rs & si/]s1 sex1 tw9s1 mon/r\s bir?s1 l5g? ( life1 ! physical con/itution ( ! *ild born & :at accid5ts & diseases may befall x1 & f9ally conc]n+ m5tal traits & defects4 ,! f\r? book deals less ) ! nature ( ! individual & m ) ! pr$iction ( ext]nal ev5ts :i* befall ! individual3 honors1 (fice1 m>riage1 (fspr+1 slaves1 travel1 & ! sort ( dea? t he w die4 ,ptolemy 9 op5+ ! f\r? book makes ! di/9ction t1 :ile 9 ! ?ird book he treat$ ( matt]s antec$5t to bir? or imm$iately relat$ to bir? or :i* conc]n ! temp]am5t ( ! individual1 n[ he w deal ) ^? ext]nal to ! body & :i* happ5 to ! individual f )\t4 ,b ( c\rse x is difficult to ma9ta9 su* a di/9ction ) entire consi/5cy4 ,sid5ote3 ,future influ5ce ( ! ,tetrabiblos4 ,! great influ5ce ( ! ,tetrabiblos is %[n n only 9 m$ieval ,arabic comm5t>ies & ,lat9 translations1 b m imm$iately 9 ! a/rological writ+s ( ! decl9+ ,roman ,empire1 :5 su* a/rolog]s z ,hephae/ion ( ,!bes1#eaf ,paul ( ,alex&ria1 & ,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus cite x z a lead+ au?oritative "w4 ,only ! oppon5ts ( a/rology appe> to h rema9$ ignorant ( ! ,tetrabiblos1 cont9u+ to make criticisms ( ! art :i* d n apply to ,ptolemy's pres5tation ( x or :i* _h be5 specifically answ]$ by him4 ,?us ,sextus ,empiricus1 attack+ a/rology ab\t #bjj ,a4 ,d41 does n m5tion ! ,tetrabiblos & "s ( ! ,*ri/ian critics ( a/rology app>5tly _h n read x4 ,:e!r ! ,neo-,platoni/s1 ,porphyry & ,proclus1 wrote an introduction to & comm5t>y ^u x is disput$4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,gal5 ,i4 ,! ,man & ,8 ,times ,rec5t ignorance ( ,gal5--,8 volum9\s works--,! manuscript tradition ( 8 works--,8 vivid p]sonality--,bir? & p>5tage--,education 9 philosophy & m$ic9e--,fir/ visit to ,rome--,relations ) ! emp]ors2 lat] life--,8 unfavorable picture ( ! le>n$ _w--,corruption ( ! m$ical pr(ession--,lack ( real se>* = tru?--,poor doctors & m$ical /ud5ts--,m$ical discov]y 9 8 "t--,! drug trade--,! imp]ial /ores--,gal5's private supply ( drugs--,m$it]ranean comm]ce--,frauds ( deal]s 9 wild bea/s--,gal5's ideal ( anonymity--,! anci5t book trade--,falsification & mi/akes 9 manuscripts--,gal5 z a hi/orical s\rce--,anci5t slav]y--,social life2 food & w9e--,allusions to ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity--,gal5's mono!ism--,*ri/ian read]s ( ,gal54 ,,ii4 ,8 ,m$ic9e & ,exp]im5tal ,sci5ce ,f\r elem5ts & f\r qualities--,8 criticism ( atomism--,application ( ! !ory ( f\r qualities 9 m$ic9e--,8 !rapeutics obsolete--,"s ( 8 m$ical notions--,two ( 8 cases--,8 p[] ( rapid obs]vation & inf]5ce--,8 happy guesses--,t5d5cy t[>d sci5tific measurem5t--,psy*ological te/s ) ! pulse--,gal5's anatomy & physiology--,exp]im5ts 9 dissection--,did he ev] dissect human bodies8--,dissection ( animals--,surgical op]ations--,gal5's argum5t f design--,qu]ies conc]n+ ! s\l--,no sup]natural =ce 9 m$ic9e--,gal5's exp]im5tal in/9ct--,8 attitude t[>d au?orities--,adv]se criticism ( pa/ writ]s--,8 e/imate ( ,dioscorides--,gal5's dogmatism2 logic & exp]i5ce--,8 acc\nt ( ! ,empirics--,h[ ! ,empirics might h criticiz$ ,gal5--,gal5's /&>d ( reason & exp]i5ce--,simples kn[able only ?r\gh exp]i5ce--,exp]i5ce & food sci5ce--,exp]i5ce & comp\nds--,sugge/ions ( exp]im5tal me?od--,difficulty ( m$ical exp]im5t--,empirical rem$ies--,gal5's influ5ce ^u m$ieval exp]im5t--,8 m g5]al m$ieval influ5ce4 ,,iii4 ,8 ,attitude ,t[>d ,magic ,accusations ( magic aga9/ ,gal5--,8 *>ges ( magic aga9/ o!rs--,*>ms & wond]-work]s--,animal sub/ances inadmissible 9 m$ic9e--,na/9ess ( anci5t m$ic9e--,p>ts ( animals--,"s scepticism--,doctr9e ( occult virtue--,virtue ( ! fle% ( vip]s--,!riac--,magical comp\nds--,amulets--,incantations & *>act]s--,belief 9 magic dies h>d--,on ,easily ,procurable ,rem$ies--,specim5s ( its sup]/iti\s cont5ts--,ext]nal signs ( ! temp]am5ts ( int]nal organs--,m>vel\s /atem5ts repeat$ by ,maimonides--,dreams--,abs5ce ( a/rology 9 mo/ ( ,gal5's m$ic9e--,! ,progno/ication ( ,disease by ,a/rology--,critical days--,on ! ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy--,div9ation & demons--,cele/ial bodies4 ' 1 ' 1 1 4 ,khn1 ,,iv1 #eac4 ' 1 4 444 ,khn1 ,,xiii1 #if-a4 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 4 ,khn1 ,,ii1 #agi4 8,b if anyone *>ges me !re)1 ,i confess my disease f :i* ,i h suff]$ all my life long1 to tru/ none ( ^? :o make su* /atem5ts until ,i h te/$ !m = myself 9 s f> z x has be5 possible = me to put !m to ! te/40 8,s if anyone aft] me becomes l me fond ( "w & zeal\s = tru?1 let him n conclude ha/ily f two or ?ree cases4 ,= (t5 he w be enlight5$ ?r\gh long exp]i5ce1 j z ,i h be540 7,x is rem>kable t ,ptolemy spoke simil>ly ( 8 pr$ecessor1 ,hipp>*us1 z a 8lov] ( toil & tru?0-- 1 quot$ by ,orr 7#aiac71 #abb47 8,= "o :o is to und]/& any matt] bett] ?an mo/ m5 d mu/ /raightway diff] mu* f o!r p]sons 9 8 nature & e>lie/ education4 ,& :5 he becomes a lad he mu/ be madly 9 love ) ! tru? & c>ri$ away by en?usiasm = x1 & n let up by day or by night b press on & /ret* e n]ve to le>n :atev] ! anci5ts ( mo/ repute h said4 ,b hav+ le>n$ x1 he mu/ judge ! same & put x to ! te/ = a long1 long "t & obs]ve :at agrees ) visible ph5om5a & :at disagrees1 & s accept ! "o & reject ! o!r40 ,i4 ,! ,man & ,8 ,times ,sid5ote3 ,rec5t ignorance ( ,gal54 ,at ! close ( ! n9ete5? c5tury "o ,engli% /ud5t ( ! hi/ory ( m$ic9e said1 8,gal5 is s inaccessible to ,engli% read]s t x is difficult to le>n ab\t him at fir/ h&40#eag ,ano!r wrote1 8,!re is1 p]haps1 no o!r in/ance ( a man ( equal intellectual rank :o has be5 s p]si/5tly misund]/ood & ev5 mis9t]pret$40#eah ,a ?ird ob/acle to ! ready compreh5sion ( ,gal5 has be5 t :ile m critical editions ( "s s+le works h be5 publi%$ by ,helmrei* & o!rs 9 rec5t times1#eai no complete edition ( 8 works has appe>$ s9ce t ( ,khn a c5tury ago1#ebj :i* is n[ reg>d$ z v faulty4#eba ,a f\r? reason = neglect or misund]/&+ ( ,gal5 is probably t !re is s mu* by him to be read4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 volum9\s works4 ,a!naeus /at$ t ,gal5 wrote m treatises ?an any o!r ,greek1 & al?\gh _m are n[ lo/1 m p>ticul>ly ( 8 logical & philosophical writ+s1 8 collect$ extant works 9 ,greek text & ,lat9 translation fill "s tw5ty volumes av]ag+ a ?\s& pages ea*4 ,:5 we add t (t5 !re are no *apt] head+s or o!r brief clues to ! cont5ts1#ebb :i* mu/ be pl\gh$ ?r\gh sl[ly & ?or\ghly1 s9ce "s ( ! mo/ valuable bits ( in=mation come 9 q incid5tally or by way ( unlook$-= digression2 t errors 9 ! pr9t$ text1 & ! te*nical vocabul>y ) num]\s words n f\nd 9 mo/ classical diction>ies increase ! read]'s difficulties2#ebc & t little if any ( ! text possesses any pres5t m$ical value1 :ile mu* ( x is dre>y en\gh read+ ev5 = "o animat$ by hi/orical int]e/1 especially if "o has no te*nical k ( m$ic9e & surg]y3--:5 we consid] all ^! det]r5ts1 we are n surpris$ t ,gal5 is little kn[n4 8,few physicians or ev5 s*ol>s 9 ! pres5t day10 cont9ues ! ,engli% hi/orian ( m$ic9e quot$ above1 8c claim to h read ?r\gh ?is va/ collection2 ,i c]ta9ly lea/ ( all4 ,i c only pret5d to h t\*$ ! fr+e1 especially ( ! anatomical & physiological works40#ebd ,sid5ote3 ,! manuscript tradition ( ,gal5's works4 ,al?\gh ! works ( ,gal5 are s volum9\s1 !y h rea*$ u = ! mo/ "p 9 comp>atively late manuscripts1#ebe & to "s ext5t p]haps only 9 _! m$ieval =m4 ,! extant manuscripts ( ! ,greek text are mo/ly ( ! fifte5? c5tury & repres5t ! en?usiasm ( humani/s :o hop$ by reviv+ ! /udy ( ,gal5 9 ! orig9al to get some?+ new & bett] out ( him ?an ! s*oolm5 _h4 ,9 ?is expectation !y seem to h be5 = ! mo/ "p disappo9t$2 ! middle ages _h already absorb$ ,gal5 too ?or\ghly4 ,if x be true1 z ,dr4 ,payne cont5ds1#ebf t ! *ief orig9al contributions to m$ical sci5ce ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod 7 ! "w ( m5 tra9$ 9 ,greek s*ol>%ip1 ?is 0 because1 :5 !y fail$ to get any new ideas f ! ,greek texts1 !y turn$ to ! m promis+ pa? ( exp]im5tal rese>* :i* bo? ,gal5 & ! middle ages _h already advocat$4 ,! bulky m$ieval ,lat9 translations#ebg ( ,gal5 are old] ?an mo/ ( ! extant ,greek texts2 !re are also v]sions 9 ,arabic & ,syriac4#ebh ,= ! la/ five books ( ! ,anatomical ,ex]cises ! only extant text is an ,arabic manuscript n yet publi%$4#ebi ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's vivid p]sonality4 ,if s comp>atively little is g5]ally kn[n ab\t ,gal51 x is n because he _h an unattractive p]sonality4 ,nor is x difficult to make out ! ma9 ev5ts ( 8 life4 ,8 works supply an unusual am\nt ( p]sonal in=mation1 & ?r\gh\t 8 writ+s1 unless he is m]ely transcrib+ pa/ prescriptions1 he talks l a liv+ man1 detail+ incid5ts ( daily life & mak+ ^u ! read] a vivid & unaffect$ impression ( reality4 ,d>emb]g ass]ts#ecj t ! exub]ance ( 8 imag9ation & 8 vanity frequ5tly make u smile4 ,x is true t 8 ph>macology & !rapeutics (t5 /rike u z ridicul\s1 b he did n imag9e !m1 !y 7 ! m$ic9e ( 8 age4 ,x is true t he m5tions cases :i* he has cur$ & ^? 9 :i* o!r physicians h be5 at fault1 b (ficial w> despat*es d ! same ) _! own victories & ! enemy's defeats4 ,vae victis6 ,9 ,gal5's case1 at lea/1 po/]ity long confirm$ 8 own v]dict4 ,& dull or obsolete z 8 m$ic9e n[ is1 8 s*ol>ly & intellectual ideals & love ( h>d "w at 8 art are /ill a liv+ =ce1 :ile ! read] ( 8 pages (t5 feels himself c>ri$ back to ! ,roman _w ( ! second c5tury4 ,?us 8! magic ( lit]ature10 to quote a f9e s5t5ce by ,payne1 8br+s toge!r ?9k]s widely sep>at$ 9 space & "t40#eca ,sid5ote3 ,bir? & p>5tage4 ,gal5--he does n seem to h be5 call$ ,claudius until ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance--0 born ab\t #abi ,a4 ,d4#ecb at ,p]gamum 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,8 fa!r1 ,nikon1 0 an ar*itect & ma!matician1 tra9$ 9 ari?metic1 geometry1 & a/ronomy4 ,mu* ( ?is education he transmitt$ to 8 son1 b ev5 m valuable1 9 ,gal5's op9ion1 7 8 precepts to foll[ no "o sect or p>ty b to he> & judge !m all1 to despise honor & glory1 & to magnify tru? alone4 ,to ?is tea*+ ,gal5 attributes 8 own peaceful & pa9less passage ?r\gh life4 ,he has nev] griev$ ov] losses ( prop]ty b manag$ to get along someh[4 ,he has n m9d$ mu* :5 "s h vitup]at$ him1 ?9k+ in/ead ( ^? :o praise him4 ,9 lat] life ,gal5 look$ back ) great affection ^u 8 fa!r & spoke ( 8 own great good =tune 9 hav+ z a p>5t t g5tle/1 ju/e/1 mo/ hone/ & humane ( m54 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! *ief ?+ t he le>n$ f 8 "m 0 to avoid h] fail+s ( a %>p temp] & tongue1 ) :i* %e made life mis]able = _! h\sehold slaves & scold$ 8 fa!r worse ?an ,xan?ippe ev] did ,socrates4#ecc ,sid5ote3 ,education 9 philosophy & m$ic9e4 ,9 "o ( 8 works ,gal5 speaks ( ! passionate love & en?usiasm = tru? :i* has possess$ him s9ce boyhood1 s t he has n /opp$ ei!r by day or by night f que/ ( x4#ecd ,he realiz$ t to become a true s*ol> requir$ bo? high natural qualifications & a sup]ior type ( education f ! />t4 ,aft] 8 f\rte5? ye> he he>d ! lectures ( v>i\s philosoph]s1 ,platoni/ & ,p]ipatetic1 ,/oic & ,epicurean2 b :5 ab\t sev5te51 w>n$ by a dream ( 8 fa!r1#ece he turn$ to ! /udy ( m$ic9e4 ,?is incid5t ( ! dream %[s t nei!r ,gal5 nor 8 fa!r1 despite _! education & intellectual /&>ds1 7 free f ! curr5t belief 9 occult influ5ces1 ( :i* we %all f9d _m m in/ances 9 ,gal5's works4 ,gal5 fir/ /udi$ m$ic9e = f\r ye>s "u ,satyrus 9 8 native city ( ,p]gamum1 !n "u ,pelops at ,smyrna1 lat] "u ,numisianus at ,cor9? & ,alex&ria4#ecf ,?is 0 ab\t ! "t t ! great ma!matician & a/ronom]1 ,ptolemy1 0 complet+ 8 obs]vations#ecg 9 ! neighborhood ( ,alex&ria1 b ,gal5 does n m5tion him1 despite 8 own belief t a fir/-rate physician %\ld also "k su* subjects z geometry & a/ronomy1 music & rhetoric4#ech ,gal5's int]e/ 9 philosophy cont9u$1 h[ev]1 & he wrote _m logical & philosophical treatises1 mo/ ( :i* are lo/4#eci ,8 fa!r di$ :5 he 0 tw5ty1 & x 0 aft] ?is t he w5t to o!r cities to /udy4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ visit to ,rome4 ,gal5 return$ to ,p]gamum to practice & 01 :5 b tw5ty-n9e1 made ! doctor = ! gladiators by five successive pontiffs4#edj ,dur+ 8 ?irties came 8 fir/ resid5ce at ,rome4#eda ,! article on ,gal5 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a /ates t he 0 driv5 away f ,rome by ! plague1 & 9 ,de libris propriis he does say t1 8:5 ! great plague broke out !re1 ,i hurri$ly dep>t$ f ! city = my native l&40#edb ,b 9 ,de progno/icatione ad ,epig5em 8 explanation is t he became disgu/$ ) ! malice ( ! envi\s physicians ( ! capital1 & det]m9$ to return home z soon z ! s$ition !re 0 ov]4#edc ,mean:ile he /ay$ on & ga9$ great fame by 8 cures b _! jeal\sy & opposition multipli$1 s t pres5tly1 :5 he le>n$ t ! s$ition 0 ov]1 he w5t back to ,p]gamum4 ,sid5ote3 ,relations ) ! emp]ors3 lat] life4 ,8 fame1 h[ev]1 _h come to ! imp]ial e>s & he 0 soon summon$ to ,aquileia to meet ! emp]ors on _! way nor? aga9/ ! invad+ ,g]mans4 ,an outbreak ( ! plague !re prev5t$ _! proce$+ ) ! campaign imm$iately1#edd & ,gal5 /ates t ! emp]ors fl$ = ,rome ) a few troops1 leav+ ! re/ to suff] f ! plague & cold w9t]4 ,on ! way ,lucius ,v]us di$1 & :5 ,m>cus ,aurelius f9ally return$ to ! front1 he all[$ ,gal5 to g back to ,rome z c\rt physician to ,commodus4#ede ,! preval5ce ( ! plague at ?is "t is illu/rat$ by a ?ird enc\nt] :i* ,gal5 _h ) x 9 ,asia1 :5 he claims to h sav$ himself & o!rs by ?or\gh v5esection4#edf ,! w> la/$ mu* long] ?an _h be5 anticipat$ & mean:ile ,gal5 0 occupi$ *iefly 9 lit]>y labors1 complet+ a numb] ( works4 ,9 #aib "s ( 8 writ+s & o!r treasures 7 lo/ 9 a fire :i* de/roy$ ! ,temple ( ,peace on ! ,sacr$ ,way4 ,( "s ( ! works :i* ?us p]i%$ he _h no o!r copy himself4 ,9 "o ( 8 works on comp\nd m$ic9es he expla9s t "s p]sons may possess ! fir/ two books :i* _h already be5 publi%$1 b t ^! _h p]i%$ ) o!rs 9 a %op on ! ,sacra ,via :5 ! :ole %r9e ( peace & ! great libr>ies on ! ,palat9e hill 7 consum$1 & t 8 fri5ds1 none ( :om possess$ copies1 _h bes\ght him to beg9 ! "w all ov] aga94#edg ,gal5 0 /ill alive & writ+ dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( ! dyna/y ( ! ,sev]i1 & probably di$ ab\t #bjj4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 unfavorable picture ( ! le>n$ _w4 ,al?\gh ! envy ( o!r physicians at ,rome & _! accus+ him ( resort to magic arts & div9ation 9 8 m>vel\s progno/ications & cures 7 p]haps nei!r ! sole nor ! true reason = ,gal5's tempor>y )drawal f ! capital1 !re probably is a great deal ( tru? 9 ! picture he pa9ts ( ! m$ical pr(ession & le>n$ _w ( 8 day4 ,!re are too _m o!r anci5t witnesses1 f ! encyclop$i/ ,pl9y & ! satiri/ ,juv5al to ! f\r? c5tury lawy] & a/rolog]1 ,firmicus1 :o sub/antiate 8 *>ges to p]mit u to expla9 !m away z ! product ( p]sonal bitt]ness or pessimism4 ,we feel t ^! m5 liv$ 9 an intellectual society :]e faction & villa9y1 sup]/ition & petty-m9d$ness & p]sonal enmity1 7 m manife/ ?an 9 ! quiet] &1 let u hope1 m tol]ant le>n$ _w ( our "t4 ,selfi%ness & pret5se1 p]sonal likes & dislikes1 und\bt$ly /ill play _! "p1 b !re is n passionate animosity & op5 w> to ! knife on e h&4 ,! /atus belli may /ill be *>act]i/ic ( politics & ! bus9ess _w1 b s*ol>s seem able to live 9 sub/antial peace4 ,p]haps x is because !re is less prospect ( worldly ga9 = memb]s ( ! le>n$ pr(essions ?an 9 ,gal5's day4 ,p]haps x is due to ! gr[? ( ! imp>tial sci5tific _s1 ( unwritt5 codes ( c\rtesy & e?ics )9 ! lead+ le>n$ pr(essions1 & ( /ate laws conc]n+ su* matt]s z pat5ts1 copyright1 pr(essional degrees1 pure food1 & pure drugs4 ,p]haps1 9 ! unsatisfactory relations betwe5 ^? :o %\ld h be5 ! be/ educat$ & mo/ enlight5$ m5 ( t "t we may see an important symptom ( ! intellectual & e?ical decl9e ( ! anci5t _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,corruption ( ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,gal5 /ates t _m tire ( ! long /ruggle ) crafty & wick$ m5 :i* !y h tri$ to c>ry on1 rely+ ^u _! erudition & hone/ toil alone1 & )draw disgu/$ f ! madd+ cr[d to save !mselves 9 dignifi$ retirem5t4 ,he especially m>vels at ! evil-m9d$ness ( physicians ( reputation at ,rome4 ,?\gh !y live 9 ! city1 !y are a b& ( robb]s z truly z ! brig&s ( ! m\nta9s4 ,he is incl9$ to acc\nt = ! rogu]y ( ,roman physicians comp>$ to ^? ( a small] city by ! facts t else:]e m5 are n s tempt$ by ! magnitude ( possible ga9 & t 9 a small] t[n ev]yone is kn[n by ev]yone else & que/ionable practices _c escape g5]al notice4 ,! ri* m5 ( ,rome fall easy prey to ^! unscrupul\s practition]s :o are ready to flatt] !m & play up to _! weaknesses4 ,^! ri* m5 c see ! use ( ari?metic & geometry1 :i* enable !m to keep _! books /raight & to build h\ses = _! dome/ic com=t1 & ( div9ation & a/rology1 f :i* !y seek to le>n ^: heirs !y w be1 b !y h no appreciation ( pure philosophy ap>t f rhetorical sophi/ry4#edh ,sid5ote3 ,lack ( real se>* = tru?4 ,gal5 m ?an once compla9s t !re are no real seek]s aft] tru? 9 8 "t1 b t all are int5t ^u money1 political p[]1 or pleasure4 ,y "k v well1 he says to "o ( 8 fri5ds 9 ! ,de me?odo m$5di1 t n five m5 ( all ^? :om we h met pref] to be r ?an to seem wise4#edi ,_m make a great outw>d display & pret5se 9 m$ic9e & o!r arts :o h no real k4#eej ,gal5 sev]al times expresses 8 scorn = ^? :o sp5d _! morn+s 9 go+ ab\t salut+ _! fri5ds1 & _! ev5+s 9 dr9k+ b\ts or 9 d9+ ) ! ri* & p[]ful4 ,yet ev5 8 fri5ds h reproa*$ him = /udy+ too mu* & n go+ out m4 ,b :ile !y h wa/$ _! h\rs ?us1 he has sp5t 81 fir/ 9 le>n+ all t ! anci5ts h discov]$ t is ( value1 !n 9 te/+ & practic+ ! same4#eea ,moreov]1 n[-a-days _m are try+ to tea* o!rs :at !y h nev] accompli%$ !mselves4#eeb ,!ssalus n only toadi$ to ! ri* b secur$ _m pupils by (f]+ to tea* !m m$ic9e 9 six mon?s4#eec ,h5ce x is t tailors & dy]s & smi?s are ab&on+ _! arts to become physicians4 ,!ssalus himself1 ,gal5 ung5]\sly taunts1 0 educat$ by a fa!r :o pluck$ wool badly 9 ! wom5's ap>tm5ts4#eed ,inde$1 ,gal5 himself1 by ! viol5ce ( 8 invective & ! occasional passionat5ess ( 8 animosity 9 8 controv]sies ) o!r individuals or s*ools ( m$ic9e1 illu/rates t /ate ( w> 9 ! intellectual _w ( 8 age to :i* we h adv]t$4 ,sid5ote3 ,poor doctors & m$ical /ud5ts4 ,we sugge/$ ! possibility t le>n+ comp>$ to o!r occupations 0 m remun]ative 9 ,gal5's day ?an 9 our own1 b !re 7 poor physicians & m$ical /ud5ts !n1 z well z ^? gre$y = ga9 or :o associat$ ) ! ri*4 ,_m doctors c\ld n af=d to use ! r>] or /rong] simples & limit$ !mselves to easily procur$1 inexp5sive1 & homely m$icam5ts4#eee ,_m ( 8 fell[-/ud5ts reg>d$ z a c\nsel ( p]fection unatta9able by !m ,gal5's plan ( he>+ all ! diff]5t m$ical sects & comp>+ _! m]its & te/+ _! validity4#eef ,!y said te>fully t ?is c\rse 0 all v well = him ) 8 acute g5ius & 8 weal?y fa!r beh9d him1 b t !y lack$ ! money to pursue an advanc$ education1 p]haps _h already lo/ valuable "t "u unsatisfactory tea*]s1 or felt t !y did n possess ! discrim9ation to select = !mselves :at 0 pr(itable f sev]al conflict+ s*ools4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$ical discov]y 9 ,gal5's "t4 ,gal5 01 x has already be5 made app>5t1 an intellectual ari/ocrat1 & possess$ little pati5ce ) ^? /upid m5 :o nev] le>n any?+ = !mselves1 ?\gh !y see a myriad cures work$ be=e _! eyes4 ,b t1 ap>t f 8 own "w1 ! m$ical pr(ession 0 n entirely /agnant 9 8 "t1 he admits :5 he ass]ts t _m ?+s are kn[n to-day :i* _h n be5 discov]$ be=e1 & :5 he m5tions "s curative me?ods rec5tly inv5t$ at ,rome4#eeg ,sid5ote3 ,! drug trade4 ,gal5 supplies consid]able in=mation conc]n+ ! drug trade 9 ,rome itself & ?r\gh\t ! empire4 ,he (t5 compla9s ( adult]ation & fraud4 ,! physician mu/ "k ! m$ic9al simples & _! prop]ties himself & be able to detect adult]at$ m$ic9es1 or ! m]*ants1 p]fum]s1 & h]b>ii w deceive him4#eeh ,gal5 refuses to reveal ! me?ods employ$ 9 adult]at+ opobalsam1 :i* he _h inve/igat$ p]sonally1 le/ ! evil practice spread fur!r4#eei ,at ,rome at lea/ !re 7 deal]s 9 ungu5ts :o correspond$ r\ghly to our druggi/s4 ,gal5 says !re is n an ungu5t-deal] 9 ,rome :o is unacqua9t$ ) h]bs f ,crete1 b he ass]ts t !re are equally good m$ic9al plants gr[+ 9 ! v suburbs ( ,rome ( :i* !y are totally ignorant1 & he taxes ev5 ^? :o prep>e drugs = ! emp]ors ) ! same ov]sight4 ,he tells h[ ! h]bs f ,crete come wrapp$ 9 c>tons ) ! "n ( ! h]b writt5 on ! outside & sometimes ! fur!r /atem5t t x is campe/ris4#efj ,^! ,roman drug /ores seem n to h kept op5 at night1 = ,gal5 9 describ+ a case speaks ( ! impossibility ( procur+ ! m$ic9es ne$$ at once because 8! lamps 7 already light$40#efa ,sid5ote3 ,! imp]ial /ores4 ,! emp]ors kept a special /ore ( drugs ( _! own & _h botani/s 9 ,sicily1 ,crete1 & ,africa :o suppli$ n only !m ) m$ic9al h]bs1 b also ! city ( ,rome z well1 ,gal5 says4 ,h[ev]1 ! emp]ors appe> to h res]v$ a l>ge supply ( ! f9e/ & r>e/ simples = _! own use4 ,gal5 m5tions a l>ge am\nt ( ,hymettus honey 9 ! imp]ial /ores-- 1#efb :5ce our ^w 8apo!c>y40#efc ,he proves t c9namon#efd loses its pot5cy ) "t by 8 own exp]i5ce z imp]ial physician4 ,an assignm5t ( ! spice s5t to ,m>cus ,aurelius f ! l& ( ! b>b>ians 7 7 0 sup]ior to :at _h /ood /or$ 9 wood5 j>s f ! reigns ( ,trajan1 ,hadrian1 & ,anton9us ,pius4 ,commodus exhau/$ all ! rec5t supply1 & :5 ,gal5 0 =c$ to turn to :at _h be5 on h& 9 prep>+ an antidote = ,sev]us1 he f\nd x mu* weak] ?an be=e1 al?\gh n ?irty ye>s _h elaps$4 ,t c9namon 0 a commodity little kn[n to ! populace is indicat$ by ,gal5's m5tion+ 8 loss 9 ! fire ( #aib ( a few preci\s bits ( b>k he _h /or$ away 9 a *e/ ) o!r treasures4#efe ,he praises ! ,sev]i1 h[ev]1 = p]mitt+ o!rs to use !riac1 a not$ m$ic9e & antidote ( :i* we %all h m to say pres5tly4 ,?us1 he says1 n only h !y z emp]ors receiv$ p[] f ! gods1 b 9 %>+ _! goods freely !y are l ! gods1 :o rejoice ! m1 ! m p !y save4#eff ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's private supply ( drugs3 t]ra sigillata4 ,gal5 himself1 & app>5tly o!r physicians1 7 n cont5t to rely = m$ic9es ei!r ^u ! ungu5t-sell]s or ! b\nty ( ! imp]ial /ores4 ,gal5 /or$ away oil & fat & left !m to age until he _h en\gh to la/ = a hundr$ ye>s1 includ+ "s f 8 fa!r's lifetime4 ,he us$ "s =ty ye>s old 9 "o prescription4#efg ,he also travel$ to _m p>ts ( ! ,roman ,empire & procur$ r>e drugs 9 ! places :]e !y 7 produc$4 ,v int]e/+ is 8 acc\nt ( go+ out ( 8 way 9 j\rney+ back & =? betwe5 ,rome & ,p]gamum 9 ord] to /op at ,lemnos & procure a supply ( ! fam\s t]ra sigillata1 a r$di% clay /amp$ into pellets ) ! sacr$ seal ( ,diana4#efh ,on ! way to ,rome1 in/ead ( j\rney+ on foot ?r\gh ,?race & ,mac$onia1 he took %ip f ! ,troad to ,!ssalonica2 b ! vessel /opp$ 9 ,lemnos at ,myr9e on ! wrong side ( ! isl&1 :i* ,gal5 _h n realiz$ possess$ m ?an "o port1 & ! capta9 w\ld n delay ! voyage long en\gh to enable him to cross ! isl& to ! spot :]e ! t]ra sigillata 0 to be f\nd4 ,^u 8 return f ,rome ?r\gh ,mac$onia1 h[ev]1 he took pa9s to visit ! "r port1 & = ! b5efit ( future travel]s gives c>eful in/ructions conc]n+ ! r\te to foll[ & ! di/ances betwe5 /at$ po9ts4 ,he describes ! solemn proc$ure by :i* ! prie/ess f ! neighbor+ city ga!r$ ! r$ e>? f ! hill :]e x 0 f\nd1 sacrific+ no animals1 b :eat & b>ley to ! e>?4 ,he br\ght away ) him "s tw5ty ?\s& ( ! little discs or seals :i* 7 suppos$ to cure ev5 le?al poisons & ! bite ( mad dogs4 ,! inhabitants laugh$1 h[ev]1 at ! ass]tion :i* ,gal5 _h read 9 ,dioscorides t ! seals 7 made by mix+ ! blood ( a goat ) ! e>?4 ,b]!lot1 ! hi/orian ( *emi/ry1 believ$ t ?is e>? 0 8an oxide ( iron m or less hydrat$ & impure40#efi ,9 ano!r passage ,gal5 advises 8 read]s1 if !y are ev] 9 ,pamphylia1 to lay 9 a good supply ( ! drug c>pesium4#egj ,9 ! n9? book ( 8 "w on m$ic9al simples he tells ( ?ree /rata ( sory1 *alcite1 & misy1 :i* he _h se5 9 a m9e 9 ,cyprus ?irty ye>s be=e & f :i* he _h br\ght away a supply1 & ( ! surpris+ *emical *ange :i* ! misy und]w5t 9 ! c\rse ( ^! ye>s4#ega ,sid5ote3 ,m$it]ranean comm]ce4 ,gal5 speaks ( receiv+ o!r drugs f ,great ,syria1 ,pale/9e1 ,egypt1 ,cappadocia1 ,pontus1 ,mac$onia1 ,gaul1 ,spa91 & ,mauretania1 f ! ,celts1 & ev5 f ,india4#egb ,he names o!r places 9 ,greece & ,asia ,m9or ?an ,m\nt ,hymettus :]e good honey may be _h1 & /ates t mu* s-call$ ,attic honey is really f ! ,cyclades1 al?\gh x is br\ght to ,a!ns & !re sold or re%ipp$4 ,simil>ly1 g5u9e ,fal]nian w9e is produc$ only 9 a small "p ( ,italy1 b o!r w9es l x are prep>$ by ^? :o are skill$ 9 su* knav]y4 ,z ! be/ iris is t ( ,illyricum & ! be/ asphalt is f ,judea1 s ! be/ petrosel9on is t ( ,mac$onia1 & m]*ants export x to almo/ ! entire _w j z !y d ,attic honey & ,fal]nian w9e4 ,b ! petrosel9on crop ( ,epirus is s5t to ,!ssalonica & !re pass$ (f = ,mac$onian4 ,! be/ turp5t9e is t ( ,*ios b a good v>iety may be obta9$ f ,libya or ,pontus4 ,! manufacture ( drugs has spread rec5tly z well z ! comm]ce 9 !m4 ,! be/ =m ( ungu5t 0 =m]ly made only 9 ,laodicea1 b n[ x is simil>ly comp\nd$ 9 _m o!r cities ( ,asia ,m9or4#egc ,sid5ote3 ,frauds ( deal]s 9 wild bea/s4 ,we are rem9d$ t p>ts ( animals z well z h]bs & m9]als 7 important con/itu5ts 9 anci5t ph>macy by ,gal5's invective aga9/ ! frauds ( hunt]s & deal]s 9 wild bea/s z well z ( ungu5t-sell]s4 ,!y d n hunt !m at ! prop] season = secur+ _! m$ic9al virtues1 b :5 !y are no long] 9 _! prime or j aft] _! long p]iod ( hib]nation1 :5 !y are emaciat$4 ,!n !y fatt5 !m ^u improp] food1 fe$ !m b>ley cakes to /uff up & dull _! tee?1 or =ce !m to bite frequ5tly s t virus w run out ( _! m\?s4#egd ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's ideal ( anonymity4 ,besides ! anci5t drug trade1 ,gal5 gives u "s int]e/+ glimpses ( ! publi%+ trade1 if we may s t]m x1 ( 8 "t4 ,writ+ 9 old age 9 ! ,de me?odo m$5di1#ege he says t he has nev] atta*$ 8 "n to "o ( 8 works1 nev] writt5 = ! popul> e> or = fame1 b fir$ by zeal = sci5ce & tru?1 or at ! urg5t reque/ ( fri5ds1 or z a useful ex]cise = himself1 or1 z n[1 9 ord] to =get 8 old age4 ,popul> fame is only an imp$im5t to ^? :o desire to live tranquilly & enjoy ! fruits ( philosophy4 ,he asks ,eug5ianus1 :om he addresses 9 ?is passage1 n to praise him immod]ately be=e m51 z he has be5 wont to d1 & n to inscribe 8 "n 9 8 works4 ,8 fri5ds nev]!less prevail$ ^u him to write two treatises li/+ 8 works1#egf & he also is free en\gh 9 _m ( 8 books 9 m5tion+ o!rs :i* are ess5tial to read be=e p]us+ ! pres5t volume4#egg ,p]haps he felt diff]5tly at diff]5t times on ! "q ( fame & anonymity4 ,he also object$ to ^? :o read 8 works1 n to le>n any?+ f !m1 b only 9 ord] to calumniate !m4#egh ,sid5ote3 ,! anci5t book trade4 ,x 0 9 a %op on ! ,sacra ,via t mo/ ( ! copies ( "s ( ,gal5's works 7 /or$ :5 !y1 toge!r ) ! great libr>ies ^u ! ,palat9e1 7 consum$ 9 ! fire ( #aib4 ,b 9 ano!r passage ,gal5 /ates t ! /reet ( ! ,s&al-mak]s is :]e mo/ ( ! book/ores 9 ,rome are locat$4#egi ,!re he saw "s m5 disput+ :e!r a c]ta9 treatise 0 84 ,x 0 duly inscrib$ ,gal5us m$icus & "o man1 because ! title 0 unfamili> to him1 b\ght x z a new "w by ,gal54 ,b ano!r man :o 0 some?+ ( a philolog] ask$ to see ! introduction1 &1 aft] read+ a few l9es1 decl>$ t ! book 0 n "o ( ,gal5's works4 ,:5 ,gal5 0 /ill "y1 he wrote ?ree comm5t>ies on ! ?roat & lungs = a fell[ /ud5t :o wi%$ to h some?+ to pass (f z 8 own "w ^u 8 return home4 ,?is fri5d di$1 h[ev]1 & ! books got into circulation4#ehj ,gal5 also compla9s t notes ( 8 lectures :i* he has n int5d$ = publication h got abroad1#eha t 8 s]vants h /ol5 & publi%$ "s ( 8 manuscripts1 & t o!rs h be5 alt]$1 corrupt$1 & mutilat$ by ^? into ^: possession !y h come1 or h be5 pass$ (f by !m 9 o!r l&s z _! own productions4#ehb ,on ! o!r h&1 "s ( 8 pupils keep 8 tea*+s to !mselves & are unwill+ to give o!rs ! b5efit ( !m1 s t if !y %\ld die sudd5ly1 8 doctr9es w\ld be lo/4#ehc ,b 8 own ideal has always be5 to %>e 8 k freely ) ^? :o s\ght x1 & if possible ) all mank9d4 ,at lea/ "o ( ,gal5's works 0 tak5 d[n f 8 dictation by %ort-h& writ]s1 :51 aft] 8 conv9c+ demon/ration by dissection conc]n+ respiration & ! voice1 ,bo?us ask$ him = comm5t>ies on ! subject & s5t = /5ograph]s4#ehd ,al?\gh ,gal5 9 8 travels (t5 pur*as$ & c>ri$ home ) him l>ge quantities ( drugs1 :5 he made 8 fir/ trip to ,rome he left all 8 books 9 ,asia4#ehe ,sid5ote3 ,falsification & mi/akes 9 manuscripts4 ,gal5 dates ! falsification ( title pages & cont5ts ( books back to ! "t :5 k+s ,ptolemy ( ,egypt & ,attalus ( ,p]gamum 7 bidd+ aga9/ ea* o!r = volumes = _! respective libr>ies4#ehf ,works 7 (t5 int]polat$ !n 9 ord] to make !m l>g] & s br+ a bett] price4 ,gal5 speaks m ?an once ( ! deplorable ease ) :i* numb]s1 signs1 & o!r abbreviations are alt]$ 9 manuscripts4#ehg ,a s+le /roke ( ! p5 or slight erasure w completely *ange ! mean+ ( a m$ical prescription4 ,he ?9ks t su* alt]ations are sometimes malici\s & n m]e mi/akes4 ,s common 7 !y t ,m5ecrates compos$ a m$ical "w writt5 out entirely 9 complete words & entitl$ ,autocrator ,hologrammatos because x 0 also d$icat$ to ! emp]or4 ,ano!r writ]1 ,damocrates1 f :om ,gal5 (t5 quotes long passages1 compos$ 8 book ( m$icam5ts 9 metrical =m s t !re might be no mi/ake made ev5 9 complete words4 ,sid5ote3 ,gal5 z a hi/orical s\rce4 ,gal5's works conta9 occasional hi/orical in=mation conc]n+ _m o!r matt]s ?an books & drugs4 ,cl9ton 9 8 ,fa/i ,romani made mu* use ( ,gal5 = ! *ronology ( ! p]iod 9 :i* he liv$4 ,8 allusions to sev]al ( ! emp]ors ) :om he _h p]sonal relations are valuable bits ( s\rce-mat]ial4 ,trajan 01 ( c\rse1 be=e 8 "t1 b he te/ifies to ! great improvem5t ( ! roads 9 ,italy :i* t emp]or _h effect$4#ehh ,gal5 %$s a little light on ! vex$ "q ( ! population ( ! empire1 if ,p]gamum is ! place he ref]s to 9 8 e/imate ( =ty ?\s& citiz5s or "o hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& inhabitants1 includ+ wom5 & slaves b p]haps n *ildr54#ehi ,sid5ote3 ,anci5t slav]y4 ,gal5 illu/rates = u ! evils ( anci5t slav]y 9 an incid5t :i* he relates to %[ ! inadvisability ( giv+ way to "o's passions1 especially ang]4#eij ,return+ f ,rome1 ,gal5 fell 9 ) a travel] f ,gortyna 9 ,crete4 ,:5 !y rea*$ ,cor9?1 ! ,cretan s5t 8 baggage & slaves f ,c5*rea#eia to ,a!ns by boat1 b himself ) a hir$ vehicle & two slaves w5t by l& ) ,gal5 ?r\gh ,meg>a1 ,eleusis1 & ,?riasa4 ,on ! way ! ,cretan became s angry at ! two slaves t he hit !m ) 8 %ea!d sword s h>d t ! %ea? broke & !y 7 badly w\nd$4 ,fe>+ t !y w\ld die1 he !n made (f to escape ! consequ5ces ( 8 act1 leav+ ,gal5 to look aft] ! w\nd$4 ,b lat] he rejo9$ ,gal5 9 p5it5t mood & insi/$ t ,gal5 adm9i/] a beat+ to him = 8 cruelty4 ,gal5 adds t he himself1 l 8 fa!r1 _h nev] /ruck a slave ) 8 own h& & _h reprov$ fri5ds :o _h brok5 _! slaves' tee? ) bl[s ( _! fi/s4 ,o!rs g f>!r & kick _! slaves or g\ge _! eyes out4 ,! emp]or ,hadrian 9 a mom5t ( ang] is said to h bl9d$ a slave ) a /ylus :i* he _h 9 8 h&4 ,he1 too1 0 sorry aft]w>ds & (f]$ ! slave money1 b ! latt] refus$ x1 tell+ ! emp]or t no?+ c\ld comp5sate him = ! loss ( an eye4 ,9 ano!r passage ,gal5 discusses h[ _m slaves & 8clo!s0 "o really ne$s4#eib ,sid5ote3 ,social life3 food & w9e4 ,gal5 also depicts ! easy-go+1 sociable1 & pleasure-lov+ society ( 8 "t4 ,n only physicians b m5 g5]ally beg9 ! day ) salutations & calls1 !n sep>ate aga91 "s to ! m>ket-place & law c\rts1 o!rs to wat* ! danc]s or *>iote]s4#eic ,o!rs play at dice or pursue love affairs1 or pass ! h\rs at ! ba?s or 9 eat+ & dr9k+ or "s o!r bodily pleasure4 ,9 ! ev5+ !y all come toge!r aga9 at symposia :i* be> no resemblance to ! intellectual fea/s ( ,socrates & ,plato b are m]e dr9k+ b\ts4 ,gal5 _h no objection1 h[ev]1 to ! use ( w9e 9 mod]ation & m5tions ! v>ieties f diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,m$it]ranean _w :i* 7 especially not$ = _! m$ic9al prop]ties4#eid ,he believ$ t dr9k+ w9e discreetly reliev$ ! m9d f all worry & melan*oly & refre%$ x4 8,= we use x e day40#eie ,he affirm$ t tak5 9 mod]ation w9e aid$ dige/ion & ! blood4#eif ,he class$ w9e ) su* boons to humanity z m$ic9es1 8a sob] & dec5t mode ( life10 & 8! /udy ( lit]ature & lib]al discipl9es40#eig ,gal5's treatise 9 ?ree books on food values 7,de alim5torum facultatibus7 supplies in=mation conc]n+ ! anci5t table & diet>y sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,allusions to ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,gal5's allusions to ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity are ( consid]able int]e/4 ,he sc>cely seems to h di/+ui%$ betwe5 !m4 ,9 two passages 9 8 treatise on diff]5ces 9 ! pulse he makes incid5tal allusion to ! foll[]s ( ,moses & ,*ri/1 9 bo? cases speak+ ( !m r lightly1 n to say contemptu\sly4 ,9 criticiz+ ,ar*ig5es = us+ vague & un9telligible language & n giv+ a suffici5t explanation ( ! po9t 9 "q1 ,gal5 says t x is 8z if "o _h come to a s*ool ( ,moses & ,*ri/ & _h he>d undemon/rat$ laws40#eih ,& 9 criticiz+ oppos+ sects = _! ob/9acy he rem>ks t x w\ld be easi] to w9 ov] ! foll[]s ( ,moses & ,*ri/4#eii ,lat] we %all speak m fully ( a ?ird passage 9 ,de usu p>tium#fjj :]e ,gal5 criticizes ! ,mosaic view ( ! relation ( ,god to nature1 repres5t+ x z ! opposite extreme to ! ,epicurean doctr9e ( a purely me*ani/ic & mat]iali/ic univ]se4 ,?is sugge/s t ,gal5 _h read "s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b he might h le>n$ f o!r s\rces ( ! ,dead ,sea & ( salts ( ,sodom1 ( :i* he speaks 9 yet ano!r context4#fja ,accord+ to a ?irte5? c5tury ,arabian biograph] ( ,gal51 he spoke m favorably ( ,*ri/ians 9 a lo/ comm5t>y ^u ,plato's ,republic1 admir+ _! morals & admitt+ _! miracles4#fjb ,?is la/1 z we %all see1 is unlikely1 s9ce ,gal5 believ$ 9 a supreme ,be+ :o work$ only ?r\gh natural law4 8,a confection ( ,ioa*os1 ! m>tyr or metropolitan10 & 8,a rem$y = heada*e ( ! monk ,b>lama0 occur 9 ! ?ird book ( ! ,de rem$iis p>abilibus ascrib$ to ,gal51 b ?is ?ird book is greatly int]polat$ or entirely spuri\s1 cit+ ,gal5 himself z well z ,alex&] ( ,tralles1 ! six? c5tury writ]1 & m5tion+ ! ,s>ac5s4 ,wellmann reg>ds x z compos$ betwe5 ! sev5? & elev5? c5turies ( our era4#fjc ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's mono!ism4 ,l mo/ ?\ghtful m5 ( 8 "t1 ,gal5 t5d$ to believe 9 "o supreme deity1 b he appe>s to h d]iv$ ?is conception f ,greek r ?an ,hebraic s\rces4 ,x 0 to philosophy & ! ,greek my/]ies t he turn$ = revelation ( ! deity1 z we %all see4 ,hopeless crim9als 7 = him ^? :om nei!r ! ,muses nor ,socrates c\ld re=m4#fjd ,x is ,plato1 n ,*ri/1 :om 9 ano!r treatise he cites z describ+ ! fir/ & greate/ ,god z ung5]at$ & good4 8,& we all naturally love ,him1 be+ su* z ,he is f et]nity40#fje ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's ,*ri/ian read]s4 ,b :ile ,gal5's mono!ism _c be reg>d$ z ( ,*ri/ian or ,jewi% orig91 x is possible t 8 argum5t f design & support+ !ology by anatomy made him m acceptable to bo? ,mohamm$an & ,*ri/ian read]s4 ,at any rate he _h ,*ri/ian read]s at ,rome at ! op5+ ( ! ?ird c5tury1 :5 a ho/ile controv]siali/ compla9s t "s ( !m ev5 wor%ip ,gal54#fjf ,^! e>ly ,*ri/ian en?usia/s = natural sci5ce1 :o also devot$ mu* "t to ,ari/otle & ,euclid1 7 f9ally excommunicat$2 b ,ari/otle1 ,euclid1 & ,gal5 7 to return 9 triumph 9 m$ieval le>n+4 ,,ii4 ,8 ,m$ic9e & ,exp]im5tal ,sci5ce ,sid5ote3 ,f\r elem5ts & f\r qualities4 ,gal5 held z 8 fundam5tal !ory ( nature ! view :i* 0 to prevail ?r\gh ! middle ages1 t all natural objects ^u ?is globe are compos$ ( f\r elem5ts1 e>?1 air1 fire1 & wat]1#fjg & ! cognate view1 :i* he says ,hippocrates fir/ introduc$ & ,ari/otle lat] demon/rat$1 t all natural objects are *>act]iz$ by f\r qualities1 hot1 cold1 dry1 & moi/4 ,f ! comb9ations ( ^! f\r are produc$ v>i\s second>y qualities4#fjh ,nei!r hypo!sis 0 z yet univ]sally accept$1 h[ev]1 & ,gal5 felt x incumb5t ^u him to argue aga9/ ^? :o cont5d$ t ! human body & _w ( nature 7 made f b "o elem5t4#fji ,!re 7 o!rs :o ridicul$ ! f\r quality hypo!sis1 say+ t hot & cold 7 words = ba?-keep]s1 n = physicians to deal )4#faj ,gal5 expla9s t philosoph]s d n reg>d any p>ticul> v>iety ( e>? or any o!r m9]al sub/ance z repres5t+ ! pure elem5t e>?1 :i* 9 ! philosophical s5se is an extremely cold & dry sub/ance to :i* adamant & rocks make p]haps ! close/ approa*4 ,b ! e>?s t we see are all comp\nd bodies4#faa ,sid5ote3 ,criticism ( atomism4 ,gal5 reject$ ! atomism ( ,democritus & ,epicurus1 9 :i* ! atoms 7 indivisible p>ticles diff]+ 9 %ape & size1 b n diff]+ 9 quality z *emical atoms are suppos$ to d4 ,he cr$its ,democritus ) ! view t su* qualities z color & ta/e are s5s$ by u f ! conc\rse ( atoms1 b d n reside 9 ! atoms !mselves4#fab ,gal5 also makes ! criticism t ! m]e regr\p+ ( 8impassive & immutable0 atoms is n en\gh to acc\nt = ! new prop]ties ( ! comp\nd1 :i* are (t5 v diff]5t f ^? ( ! con/itu5ts1 z :5 8we alt] ! qualities ( m$ic9es 9 artificial mixtures40#fac ,?us he virtually says t ! purely physical atomism ( ,democritus w n acc\nt = :at to-day we call *emical *ange4 ,he also1 z we %all see1 reject$ ,epicurus' !ory ( a _w ( nature rul$ by bl9d *ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,application ( ! !ory ( f\r qualities 9 m$ic9e4 ,gal5 ( c\rse ?\ght t a dry m$ic9e 0 good = a moi/ disease1 & t 9 a comp\nd m$ic9e1 by mix+ a v cold ) a slightly cold drug 9 v>y+ proportions a m$ic9e ( any desir$ degree ( coldness might be obta9$4#fad ,9 g5]al he reg>d$ solids l /ones & metals z dry & cold1 :ile he ?\ght t hot & moi/ objects t5d$ to evaporate rapidly into air4#fae ,s he decl>$ t dryness ( solid bodies 0 incurable1 :ile he believ$ t *ildr5's bodies 7 m easily dissolv$ ?an adults' because moi/] & w>m]4#faf ,! ,/oics & _m physicians believ$ t heat prolong$ life1 b ,asclepiades po9t$ out t ! ,e?iopians are old at ?irty because ! hot sun dries up _! bodies s1 :ile ! inhabitants ( ,brita9 sometimes live to be "o hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s old4 ,?is la/1 h[ev]1 0 reg>d$ z probably due to ! fact t _! ?ick] sk9s cons]v$ _! innate heat long]4#fag ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's !rapeutics obsolete4 ,z an (fset to ! evid5ce :i* w be pres5t$ lat] ( ! traces ( occult virtues1 magic1 & a/rology 9 ,gal5's !rapeutics ,i %\ld l to be able to indicate ! good po9ts 9 x4 ,b 8 entire sy/em1 l ! f\r quality !ory ^u :i* x is l>gely bas$1 seems n[ obsolete1 & :at evid5c$ 8 sup]iority to o!r physicians 9 8 own day w\ld probably /rike ! mod]n read] only z a tok5 ( 8 di/9ct inf]iority to pres5t practice4 ,eighty odd ye>s ( mod]n m$ical progress s9ce h add$ fur!r emphasis to ,d>emb]g's decl>ation t we h _h to ?r[ ov]bo>d 8mu* ( 8 physiology1 ne>ly all ( 8 pa?ology & g5]al !rapeutics40#fah ,sid5ote3 ,"s ( 8 m$ical notions4 ,nev]!less1 we may note a few specim5s :i* p]haps repres5t 8 ord9>y !ory & practice z di/+ui%$ f passages 9 :i* ! influ5ce ( magic ent]s4 ,he holds t ble$+ & cold dr9k are ! two *ief rem$ies = fev]4#fai ,he notes t *ildr5 occasionally resemble _! gr&p>5ts r ?an _! p>5ts4#fbj ,he disputes ! ass]tion ( ,epicurus--"o by :i* "s ( 8 foll[]s fail$ to be guid$--t !re is no b5efit to heal? 9 ,aphrodite1 & cont5ds t at c]ta9 int]vals & 9 c]ta9 individuals & circum/ances sexual int]c\rse is b5eficial4#fba ,8 discussion ( anodynes & /upor or sleep-produc+ m$ic9es %[s t ! anci5ts _h anae/hetics ( a sort4#fbb ,he recogniz$ ! importance ( brea?+ pl5ty ( fre%1 invigorat+1 & unpollut$ air1 free f any int]mixture ( impurity f m9es1 pits1 or ov5s1 or ( putridity f decay+ vegetable or animal matt]1 or ( noxi\s vapors f /agnant wat]1 swamps1 & riv]s4#fbc ,z 0 usual 9 anci5t & m$ieval times1 he attributes plagues to ! corruption ( ! air1 :i* poisons m5 brea?+ x1 & tells h[ ,hippocrates tri$ to allay a plague at ,a!ns by purify+ ! air by fumigation ) fires1 odors1 & ungu5ts4#fbd ,sid5ote3 ,two ( ,gal5's cases4 ,two specim5s may be giv5 ( ,gal5's acc\nts ( 8 own cases4 ,9 ! fir/1 "s *eese1 :i* he _h told 8 s]vants to take away z too %>p1 :5 mix$ ) boil$ salt pork & appli$ to ! jo9ts1 prov$ v helpful to a g\ty pati5t & to sev]al o!rs :om he induc$ to try x4#fbe ,9 ! second case ,gal5 adm9i/]$ ! foll[+ h]oic treatm5t to a woman at ,rome :o 0 afflict$ ) cat>rh to ! po9t ( ?r[+ up blood4#fbf ,he did n deem x wise to ble$ h]1 s9ce = f\r days pa/ %e _h gone almo/ )\t food4 ,in/ead he ord]$ a %>p cly/]1 rubb$ & b\nd h] h&s & feet ) a hot drug1 %av$ h] head & put on x a m$icam5t made ( doves' dung4 ,aft] ?ree h\rs %e 0 ba!d1 c>e be+ tak5 t no?+ oily t\*$ h] head1 :i* 0 !n cov]$ up4 ,at fir/ he f$ h] only gruel1 aft]w>ds "s bitt] autumn fruit1 & z %e 0 ab\t to g to sleep he adm9i/]$ a m$icam5t made f vip]s f\r mon?s be=e4 ,on ! second day came m rubb+ & b9d+ except ! head1 & at ev5+ a some:at small] dose ( ! vip] rem$y4 ,aga9 %e slept well & 9 ! morn+ he gave h] a l>ge dose ( cook$ honey4 ,aga9 h] body 0 well rubb$ & %e 0 giv5 b>ley wat] & a little bread to eat4 ,on ! f\r? day an old] & !re=e /rong] v>iety ( vip]-rem$y 0 adm9i/]$ & h] head 0 cov]$ ) ! same m$icam5t z be=e4 ,its prop]ties1 ,gal5 expla9s1 are vehem5tly dry+ & heat+4 ,aga9 %e 0 giv5 a ba? & a little food4 ,on ! fif? day ,gal5 v5tur$ to purge h] lungs1 b he return$ at int]vals to ! imposition ^u h] head4 ,mean:ile he cont9u$ ! process ( rubb+1 ba?+1 & diet+1 until f9ally ! pati5t 0 well aga91--a truly rem>kable cure6 ,sid5ote3 ,8 p[] ( rapid obs]vation & inf]5ce4 ,^! two cases1 h[ev]1 d n give u a j compreh5sion ( ,gal5's abilities at _! be/4 ,9 8 m$ical practice he c\ld be z quick & compreh5sive an obs]v] & z %rewd 9 draw+ inf]5ces f :at he obs]v$ z ! fam\s ,%]lock ,holmes1 s t "s ( 8 sl[]-witt$ contempor>ies accus$ him ( possess+ ! gift ( div9ation4 ,8 imm$iate diagnosis ( ! case ( ! ,sicilian physician by not+ z he ent]$ ! h\se ! excrem5ts 9 a vessel :i* a s]vant 0 c>ry+ out to ! dungheap1 & z he ent]$ ! sick-room a m$ic9e set on ! w9d[-sill :i* ! pati5t-physician _h be5 prep>+ = himself1 amaz$ ! pati5t & ! philosoph] ,glaucon#fbg m ?an1 let u hope 9 ?is case 9 view ( 8 pr(ession1 !y w\ld h amaz$ ! e/imable ,dr4 ,watson4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 happy guesses4 ,pus*mann has po9t$ out t ,gal5 employs c]ta9 expressions :i* seem happy guesses at lat] discov]ies4 ,he writes3 8,gal5 0 support$ 9 8 rese>*es by an extremely happy imag9ative faculty :i* put ! prop] ^w 9 8 m\? ev5 9 cases :]e he c\ld n possibly arrive at a full und]/&+ ( ! matt]1--:]e he c\ld only conjecture ! tru?4 ,:51 = in/ance1 he decl>es t s\nd is c>ri$ #8l a wave' 7,khn1 ,,iii1 #fdd71 or expresses ! conjecture t ! con/itu5t ( ! atmosph]e :i* is important = brea?+ also acts by burn+ 7,,iv1 #fhg71 he expresses ?\ghts :i* />tle u1 = x 0 only possible ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s lat] to und]/& _! full significance40#fbh ,sid5ote3 ,t5d5cy t[>ds sci5tific measurem5t4 ,gal5 0 ke5ly alive to ! ne$ ( exactness 9 weights & measurem5ts4 ,he (t5 criticizes pa/ writ]s = n /at+ precisely :at ailm5t ! m$icam5t recomm5d$ is good =1 & 9 :at proportions ! +r$i5ts are to be mix$4 ,he also frequ5tly compla9s because !y d n specify :e!r !y are us+ ! ,greek or ,roman sy/em ( weights1 or ! ,attic1 ,alex&r9e1 or ,ephesian v>iety ( a c]ta9 measure4#fbi ,moreov]1 he saw ! desirability ( m accurate means ( measur+ ! passage ( "t4#fcj ,:5 he /ates t ev5 "s illu/ri\s physicians ( 8 acqua9tance mi/ake ! spe$ ( ! pulse & are unable to tell :e!r x is sl[1 fa/1 or normal1 we beg9 to realize some?+ ( ! difficulties "u :i* m$ical practice & any sort ( exp]im5tation labor$ be=e wat*es 7 inv5t$1 & h[ mu* dep5d$ ^u ! accuracy ( human ma*9]y & judgm5t4 ,yet ,gal5 e/imates t ! *ief progress made 9 m$ical progno/ication s9ce ,hippocrates is ! gradual developm5t ( ! art ( inf]r+ f ! pulse4#fca ,gal5 tri$ to improve ! "t-pieces 9 use 9 8 age4 ,he /ates t 9 any city ! inhabitants want to "k ! "t ( day accurately1 n m]ely conjecturally2 & he gives directions h[ to divide ! day into twelve h\rs by a comb9ation ( a sun-dial & a clepsydra1 & h[ on ! wat] clock to m>k ! duration ( ! longe/1 %orte/1 & equ9octial days ( ! ye>4#fcb ,sid5ote3 ,psy*ological te/s ) ! pulse4 ,delicate & difficult z 0 ! task ( measur+ ! pulse 9 ,gal5's "t1 he 0 clev] en\gh to anticipate by sev5te5 c5turies "s ( ! te/s :i* mod]n psy*ologi/s h urg$ %\ld be appli$ 9 crim9al trials4 ,he detect$ ! fact t a female pati5t 0 n ill b 9 love by ! quick5+ ( h] pulse :5 someone came 9 f ! !at] & ann\nc$ t he _h j se5 ,pylades dance4 ,:5 %e came aga9 ! next day1 ,gal5 _h purposely arrang$ t someone %\ld ent] & say t he _h se5 ,morphus danc+4 ,?is & a simil> te/ on ! ?ird day produc$ no p]ceptible quick5+ 9 ! woman's pulse4 ,b x b\nd$ aga9 :5 on ! f\r? day ,pylades' "n 0 aga9 spok54 ,aft] rec\nt+ ano!r analog\s incid5t :]e he _h be5 able to read ! pati5t's m9d1 ,gal5 asks :y =m] physicians h nev] avail$ !mselves ( ^! me?ods4 ,he ?9ks t !y mu/ h _h no conception ( h[ ! bodily heal? 9 g5]al & ! pulse 9 p>ticul> c be affect$ by ! 8psy*e's0 suff]+4#fcc ,we might !n call ,gal5 ! fir/ exp]im5tal psy*ologi/ z well z ! fir/ to elaborate ! physiology ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's anatomy & physiology4 ,x w\ld sc>cely be fair to discuss ,gal5's sci5ce at all )\t say+ some?+ ( 8 rem>kable "w 9 anatomy & physiology4 ,d>emb]g w5t s f> z to hold t all !re is good or bad 9 8 writ+s comes f good or bad physiology1 & reg>d$ 8 discussion ( ! bones & muscles z especially good4#fcd ,he is g5]ally consid]$ ! greate/ anatomi/ ( antiquity1 b x is b>ely possible t he may h ow$ m to pr$ecessors & contempor>ies & less to p]sonal rese>* ?an is app>5t f 8 own writ+s1 :i* are ! mo/ complete anatomical treatises t h rea*$ u f antiquity4 ,h]ophilus1 = example1 :o 0 born at ,*alc$on 9 ! clos+ f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 & fl\ri%$ at ,alex&ria "u ! fir/ ,ptolemy1 discov]$ ! n]ves & di/+ui%$ !m f ! s9ews1 & ?\ght ! bra9 ! c5t] ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 s t x is p]haps que/ionable :e!r ,payne is ju/ifi$ 9 call+ ,gal5 8! f\nd] ( ! physiology ( ! n]v\s sy/em10 & 9 decl>+ t 89 physiological diagnosis he /&s alone among ! anci5ts40#fce ,h[ev]1 if ,gal5 ow$ some?+ to ,h]ophilus1 we owe mu* ( our k ( ! e>li] physiologi/ to ,gal54#fcf ,sid5ote3 ,exp]im5ts 9 dissection4 ,ari/otle _h held t ! he>t 0 ! seat ( ! s5sitive s\l#fcg & ! s\rce ( n]v\s action1 8:ile ! bra9 0 ( second>y importance1 be+ ! colde/ "p ( ! body1 devoid ( blood1 & hav+ = its *ief or only function to cool ! he>t40 ,gal5 attack$ ?is !ory by %[+ exp]im5tally t 8all ! n]ves orig9at$ 9 ! bra91 ei!r directly or by means ( ! sp9al cord1 :i* he ?\ght to be a conduct+ organ m]ely1 n a c5t]40 8,a ?\s& times10 he says1 8,i h demon/rat$ by dissection t ! cords 9 ! he>t call$ n]ves by ,ari/otle are n n]ves & h no connection ) n]ves40 ,he f\nd t s5sation & movem5t 7 /opp$ & ev5 ! voice & brea?+ 7 affect$ by injuries to ! bra91 & t an injury to "o side ( ! bra9 affect$ ! opposite side ( ! body4 ,8 public demon/ration by dissection1 p]=m$ 9 ! pres5ce ( v>i\s philosoph]s & m$ical m51 ( ! connection betwe5 ! bra9 & voice & respiration & ! comm5t>ies :i* he imm$iately aft]w>ds dictat$ on ?is po9t 7 s conv9c+1 he tells u fifte5 ye>s lat]1 t no "o has v5tur$ op5ly to dispute !m4#fch ,8 8exp]im5tal inve/igation ( ! sp9al cord by sections at diff]5t levels & by half sections 0 /ill m rem>kable40#fci ,gal5 oppos$ ^! exp]im5tal pro(s to su* unsci5tific argum5ts on ! "p ( ! ,/oic philosoph]1 ,*rysippus1 & o!rs1 z t ! he>t mu/ be ! *ief organ because x is 9 ! c5t] ( ! body1 or because "o lays "o's h& on "o's he>t to indicate oneself1 or because ! lips are mov$ 9 a c]ta9 way 9 say+ 8,i0 774#fdj ,ano!r notewor?y exp]im5t by ,gal5 0 t 9 :i*1 by b9d+ up a section ( ! femoral art]y he prov$ t ! art]ies conta9 blood & n air or spiritus z _h be5 g5]ally suppos$4#fda ,he fail$1 h[ev]1 to p]=m any exp]im5ts ) ! pulmon>y ve9s1 & s ! notion p]si/$ t ^! convey$ 8_s0 & n blood f ! lungs to ! he>t4#fdb ,sid5ote3 ,did ,gal5 ev] dissect human bodies8 ,x has usually be5 /at$ t ,gal5 nev] dissect$ ! human body & t 8 inf]5ces by analogy f 8 dissection ( animals involv$ him 9 s]i\s error conc]n+ human anatomy & physiology4 ,c]ta9ly he speaks z if opportunities to secure human cadav]s or ev5 skeletons 7 r>e4#fdc ,he m5tions1 h[ev]1 ! possibility ( obta9+ ! bodies ( crim9als condemn$ to dea? or ca/ to bea/s 9 ! ar5a1 or ! corpses ( robb]s :i* lie unburi$ 9 ! m\nta9s1 or ! bodies ( infants expos$ by _! p>5ts4#fdd ,x is n suffici5t1 he /ates 9 ano!r passage1#fde to read books ab\t human bones2 "o %\ld h !m be=e "o's eyes4 ,alex&ria is ! be/ place = ! /ud5t to g to see actual exhibitions ( ?is sort made by ! tea*]s4#fdf ,b ev5 if "o _c g !re1 "o may be able to procure human bones = oneself1 z ,gal5 did f a skeleton :i* _h be5 wa%$ out ( a grave by a flood$ /ream & f ! corpse ( a robb] sla9 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,if "o _c get to see a human skeleton by ^! means or "s o!r1 he %\ld dissect monkeys & apes4 ,sid5ote3 ,dissection ( animals4 ,inde$ ,gal5 advises ! /ud5t to dissect apes 9 any case1 9 ord] to prep>e himself = intellig5t dissection ( ! human body1 %\ld he ev] h ! opportunity4 ,f lack ( su* previ\s exp]i5ce ! doctors ) ! army ( ,m>cus ,aurelius1 :o dissect$ ! body ( a dead ,g]man1 le>n$ no?+ except ! position ( ! entrails4 ,gal5 at any rate dissect$ a great _m animals4 ,t9y animals & insects he let alone1 = ! microscope 0 n yet discov]$1 b besides apes & quadrup$s he cut up _m reptiles1 mice1 weasels1 birds1 & fi%4#fdg ,he also gives an amus+ acc\nt ( ! m$ical m5 at ,rome ga!r+ to obs]ve ! dissection ( an elephant 9 ord] to discov] :e!r ! he>t _h "o or two v]tices & two or ?ree v5tricles4 ,gal5 assur$ !m be=eh& t x w\ld be f\nd simil> to ! he>t ( any o!r brea?+ animal4 ,?is p>ticul> dissection 0 n1 h[ev]1 p]=m$ exclusively 9 ! int]e/s ( sci5ce1 s9ce x 0 sc>cely accompli%$ :5 ! he>t 0 c>ri$ (f1 n to a sci5tific museum1 b by ! imp]ial cooks to _! ma/]'s table4#fdh ,gal5 sometimes dissect$ animals ! mom5t he kill$ !m4 ,?us he obs]v$ t ! lungs always s5sibly %rank f ! diaphragm 9 a dy+ animal1 :e!r he kill$ x by suffocation 9 wat]1 or /rangl+ ) a noose1 or sev]+ ! sp9al m$ulla ne> ! fir/ v]tebrae1 or cutt+ ! l>ge art]ies or ve9s4#fdi ,sid5ote3 ,surgical op]ations4 ,surgical op]ations & m$ical practice 7 a ?ird way ( le>n+ ! human anatomy1 & ,gal5 compla9s ( ! c>elessness ( ^? physicians & surgeons :o d n take pa9s to obs]ve x be=e p]=m+ an op]ation or cure4 ,he himself _h _h "o case :]e ! human he>t 0 laid b>e & yet ! pati5t recov]$4#fej ,z a "y practition] be=e he came to ,rome ,gal5 work$ out s successful a me?od ( treat+ w\nds ( ! s9ews t ! c>e ( ! heal? ( ! gladiators 9 8 native city ( ,p]gamum 0 entru/$ to him by sev]al successive pontifices#fea & he h>dly lo/ a life4 ,9 ! same passage he aga9 speaks contemptu\sly ( ! doctors 9 ! w> ) ! ,g]mans :o 7 all[$ to cut op5 ! bodies ( ! b>b>ians b le>n$ no m !reby ?an a cook w\ld4 ,:5 ,gal5 came f ,p]gamum to ,rome he f\nd ! pr(essions ( physicians & surgeons di/9ct & left cases to ! latt] :i* he be=e _h att5d$ to himself4#feb ,we may note f9ally t he inv5t$ a new =m ( surgical knife4#fec ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's argum5t f design4 ,9 ,gal5's op9ion ! /udy ( anatomy 0 important = ! philosoph] z well z = ! physician4 ,an und]/&+ ( ! use ( ! p>ts ( ! body is helpful to ! doctor1 he says1 b mu* m s to 8! philosoph] ( m$ic9e :o /rives to obta9 k ( all nature40#fed ,9 ! ,de usu p>tium#fee he came to ! conclusion t 9 ! /ructure ( any animal we h ! m>k ( a wise workman or demiurge1 & ( a cele/ial m9d2 & t 8! inve/igation ( ! use ( ! p>ts ( ! body lays ! f\ndation ( a truly sci5tific !ology :i* is mu* great] & m preci\s ?an all m$ic9e10 & :i* reveals ! div9ity m cle>ly ?an ev5 ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies or ,samo?racian orgies4 ,?us ,gal5 adopts ! argum5t f design = ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,! mod]n doctr9e ( evolution is ( c\rse subv]sive ( 8 premise t ! p>ts ( ! body are s well con/ruct$ = & m>vel\sly adapt$ to _! functions t no?+ bett] is possible1 & consequ5tly ( 8 conclusion t ?is necessitates a div9e mak] & plann]4 ,9 ! treatise ,de foetuum =matione ,gal5 displays a simil> incl9ation b m t5tatively & timidly4 ,he ?9ks t ! human body atte/s ! wisdom & p[] ( its mak]1#fef :om he wi%es ! philosoph]s w\ld reveal to him m cle>ly & tell him 8:e!r he is "s wise & p[]ful god40#feg ,! process ( ! =mation ( ! *ild 9 ! womb1 ! complex human muscul> sy/em1 ! human tongue alone1 seem to him s wond]ful t he w n subscribe to ! ,epicurean d5ial ( any all-rul+ provid5ce4#feh ,he ?9ks t nature alone _c %[ su* wisdom4 ,he has1 h[ev]1 s\ght va9ly f philosoph] aft] philosoph] = a satisfactory demon/ration ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 & is by no means c]ta9 himself4#fei ,sid5ote3 ,qu]ies conc]n+ ! s\l4 ,gal5 is also at a loss conc]n+ ! exi/5ce & sub/ance ( ! s\l4 ,he po9ts out t puppies try to bite be=e _! tee? come & t calves try to hook be=e _! horns gr[1 z if ! s\l knew ! use ( ^! p>ts be=eh&4 ,x might be argu$ t ! s\l itself causes ! p>ts to gr[1#ffj b ,gal5 que/ions ?is1 nor is he ready to accept ! ,platonic _w-s\l !ory ( a div9e =ce p]meat+ all nature4#ffa ,x (f5ds 8 in/9ctive piety & s5se ( fitness to ?9k ( ! _w-s\l 9 su* ?+s z reptiles1 v]m91 & putrefy+ corpses4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he disagrees ) ^? :o d5y any innate k or /&>ds to ! s\l & attribute ev]y?+ to s5se p]ception & c]ta9 imag9ations & memories bas$ !reon4 ,"s ev5 d5y ! exi/5ce ( ! reason+ faculty1 he says1 & affirm t we are l$ by ! affections ( ! s5ses l cattle4 ,= ^! m5 c\rage1 prud5ce1 temp]ance1 cont95ce are m]e names4#ffb ,sid5ote3 ,no sup]natural =ce 9 m$ic9e4 ,9 comm5t+ ^u ! works ( ,hippocrates1 ,gal5 insi/s t 9 speak+ ( 8some?+ div9e0 9 diseases ,hippocrates c\ld n h meant sup]natural influ5ce1 :i* he nev] admits into m$ic9e 9 o!r passages4 ,gal5 tries to expla9 away ! expression z hav+ ref]5ce to ! effect ( ! surr\nd+ air4#ffc ,?us :ile ,gal5 might look ^u nature or c]ta9 ?+s 9 nature z a div9e "w1 he w\ld n admit any sup]natural =ce 9 sci5ce or m$ic9e1 or any?+ bord]+ ^u special provid5ce4 ,9 ! ,de usu p>tium ,gal5 /ates t he agrees ) ,moses t 8! beg9n+ ( g5esis 9 all ?+s g5]at$0 0 8f ! demiurge10 b t he does n agree ) him t any?+ is possible ) ,god & t ,god c sudd5ly turn a /one into a man or make a horse or c[ f a%es4 8,9 ?is matt] our op9ion & t ( ,plato & ( o!rs among ! ,greeks :o h writt5 correctly conc]n+ natural sci5ce diff]s f ! view ( ,moses40 ,9 ,gal5's view ,god attempts no?+ contr>y to nature b ( all possible natural c\rses inv>iably *ooses ! be/4 ,?us ,gal5 expresses 8 admiration at nature's provid5ce 9 keep+ ! eyebr[s & eyela%es ( ! same l5g? & n lett+ !m gr[ long l ! be>d or hair1 b ?is is because a h>d] c>tilag9\s fle% is provid$ = !m to gr[ 91 & ! m]e w ( ,god w\ld n keep hairs f gr[+ 9 s(t fle%4 ,if ,god _h n provid$ ! c>tilag9\s sub/ance = ! eyela%es1 8he w\ld h be5 m c>eless1 n m]ely ?an ,moses b ?an a wor?less g5]al :o builds a wall 9 a swamp40#ffd ,z betwe5 ! views on ,god ( ,moses & ,epicurus1 ,gal5 pref]s to /e] a middle c\rse4 ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's exp]im5tal in/9ct4 ,already 9 describ+ ,gal5's dissections & te/s ) ! pulse we h se5 evid5ce ( ! accurate obs]vation & exp]im5tal in/9cts :i* accompani$ 8 ze/ = h>d "w & zeal = tru?4 ,9 "o ( 8 treatises he confesses t x 0 a passion ( 8 always to te/ ev]y?+ = himself4 8,& if anyone accuses me ( ?is1 ,i w confess my disease1 f :i* ,i h suff]$ all my life long1 t ,i h tru/$ no "o ( ^? :o n>rate su* ?+s until ,i h te/$ x myself1 if x 0 possible = me to h exp]i5ce ( x40#ffe ,gal5 also recogniz$ t g5]al !ories 7 n suffici5t = exact k & t specific examples se5 ) "o's own eyes 7 indisp5sable4#fff ,he ma9ta9s t1 if all tea*]s & writ]s w\ld realize & obs]ve ?is1 !y w\ld make comp>atively few false /atem5ts4 ,he saw ! dang] ( mak+ absolute ass]tions & ! ne$ ( not+ ! p>ticul> circum/ances ( ea* individual case4#ffg ,gal5 m ?an once decl>$ t ?+s1 n names1 7 important & refus$ to wa/e "t 9 disput+ ab\t t]m9ology & def9itions :i* might be sp5t 9 8pursu+ ! k ( ?+s !mselves40#ffh ,?us we see 9 ,gal5 a pragmatic sci5ti/ int5t ^u concrete facts & exact k2 b at ! same "t x mu/ be recogniz$ t he accept$ "s univ]sal !orems & g5]al views4 ,sid5ote3 ,attitude t[>ds au?orities4 ,gal5 did n believe 9 m]ely repeat+ 9 new books ! /atem5ts ( previ\s au?orities4 ,ev] s9ce boyhood1 he writes 9 8 ,anatomical ,adm9i/rations1 x has seem$ to him t "o %\ld record 9 writ+ only "o's new discov]ies & n repeat :at has be5 said already4#ffi ,nev]!less 9 "s ( 8 writ+s he collects ! prescriptions ( pa/ physicians at great l5g?1 & a previ\s treatise by ,ar*ig5es is practically embodi$ 9 "o ( ,gal5's works on comp\nd m$ic9es4 ,on ano!r occasion1 h[ev]1 aft] /at+ t ,crito _h comb9$ previ\s treatises ^u cosmetics1 includ+ ! "w ( ,cleopatra1 into f\r books ( 8 own :i* con/itute a well-nigh exhau/ive treatm5t ( ! subject1 ,gal5 says t he sees no pr(it 9 copy+ ,crito's "w aga9 & m]ely reproduces its table ( cont5ts4#fgj ,on ! o!r h&1 z ?is passage %[s1 ,gal5 ?\ght t ! anci5ts _h /at$ _m ?+s admirably & he _h little pati5ce ) contempor>ies :o w\ld le>n no?+ f !m b 7 always ambiti\sly weav+ new & complicat$ dogmas1 or mis9t]pret+ & p]v]t+ ! tea*+s ( ! anci5ts4#fga ,8 me?od 0 r fir/ to 8make ha/e & /ret* e n]ve to le>n :at ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! anci5ts h said20#fgb !n1 hav+ ma/]$ ?is tea*+1 to judge x & put x to ! te/ = a long "t & det]m9e by obs]vation h[ mu* ( x agrees & h[ mu* disagrees ) actual ph5om5a1 & !n embrace ! =m] portion & reject ! latt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,adv]se criticism ( pa/ writ]s4 ,?is critical employm5t ( pa/ au?orities is frequ5tly illu/rat$ 9 ,gal5's works4 ,he m5tions a great _m names ( pa/ physicians & writ]s1 !reby %$d+ "s light ^u ! hi/ory ( ,greek m$ic9e2 b at times he criticizes 8 pr$ecessors1 n sp>+ ev5 ,emp$ocles & ,ari/otle4 ,al?\gh he cites ,ari/otle a great deal1 he decl>es t x is n surpris+ t ,ari/otle made _m errors 9 ! anatomy ( animals1 s9ce he ?\ght t ! he>t 9 l>ge animals _h a ?ird v5tricle4#fgc ,z we h already se5 9 discuss+ ! topic ( weights & measurem5ts1 ,gal5 especially objects to ! vagu5ess & inaccuracy ( _m pa/ m$ical writ]s1#fgd or praises individuals l ,h]as :o give specific in=mation4#fge ,he also %[s a pref]5ce = writ]s :o give fir/-h& in=mation1 comm5d+ ,h]aclides ( ,t>5tum z a tru/wor?y man1 if !re ev] 0 "o1 :o set d[n only ^? ?+s prov$ by 8 own exp]i5ce4#fgf ,gal5 decl>es t "o c\ld sp5d a lifetime 9 read+ ! books t h already be5 writt5 ^u m$ic9al simples4 ,he urges 8 read]s1 h[ev]1 to ab/a9 f ,&reas & o!r li>s ( t /amp1 & above all to es*ew ,pamphilus :o nev] saw ev5 9 a dream ! h]bs :i* he describes4 ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's e/imate ( ,dioscorides4 ,( all previ\s writ]s ^u mat]ia m$ica ,gal5 pref]r$ ,dioscorides4 ,he writes1 8,b ,anaz>b5sis ,dioscorides 9 five books discuss$ all useful mat]ial n only ( h]bs b ( trees & fruits & juices & liquors1 treat+ besides bo? all metals & ! p>ts ( animals40#fgg ,yet he does n hesitate to criticize c]ta9 /atem5ts ( ,dioscorides1 su* z ! /ory ( mix+ goat's blood ) ! t]ra sigillata ( ,lemnos4 ,dioscorides _h also attribut$ m>vel\s virtues to ! /one ,gagates :i* he said came f a riv] ( t "n 9 ,lycia2 ,gal5's comm5t is t he has skirt$ ! entire coa/ ( ,lycia 9 a small boat & f\nd no su* /ream4#fgh ,he also wond]s t ,dioscorides describ$ butt] z made ( ! milk ( %eep & goats1 & correctly /ates t 8?is drug0 is made f c[s' milk4#fgi ,gal5 does n m5tion its use z a food 9 8 "w on m$ic9al simples1 & 9 8 treatise ^u food values he alludes to butt] r incid5tally 9 ! *apt] on milk1 /at+ t x is a fatty sub/ance & easily recogniz$ by ta/+ x1 t x has _m ( ! prop]ties ( oil1 & 9 cold c\ntries is sometimes us$ 9 ba?s 9 place ( oil4#fhj ,gal5 fur!r criticizes ,dioscorides = 8 unfamili>ity ) ! ,greek language & consequ5t failure to grasp ! significance ( _m ,greek names4 ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's dogmatism3 logic & exp]i5ce4 ,d>emb]g said ( ,gal5 t he repres5t$ at ! same "t ! mo/ exagg]at$ dogmatism & ! mo/ advanc$ exp]im5tal s*ool4 ,!re is "s ju/ification = ! p>adox1 ?\gh ! latt] "p seems to me ! tru]4 ,b ,gal5 0 pr\d ( 8 tra9+ 9 philosophy & logic & ma!matics2 he /ood fa/ by _m ,hippocratic dogmas su* z ! f\r qualities !ory1 he ?\ght#fha t 9 m$ic9e z 9 geometry !re 7 a c]ta9 numb] ( self-evid5t maxims ^u :i* reason1 con=m+ to ! rules ( logic1 might build up a sci5tific /ructure4 ,9 ! ,de me?odo m$5di#fhb he makes a di/9ction betwe5 ! discov]y ( drugs & m$ic9es1 simple or comp\nd1 by exp]i5ce & ! me?odical treatm5t ( disease :i* he n[ sets =? & :i* %\ld proce$ logically & indep5d5tly ( m]e empiricism1 & he wi%es t o!r m$ical writ]s w\ld make x cle> :5 !y are rely+ m]ely on exp]i5ce & :5 exclusively ^u reason4#fhc ,at ! same "t he expresses 8 dislike = m]e dogmatiz]s :o %\t _! ipse dixits l tyrants )\t ! support ei!r ( reason or exp]i5ce4#fhd ,he also grants t ! ord9>y man1 taught by nature alone1 (t5 in/9ctively pursues a bett] c\rse ( action = 8 heal? ?an 8! sophi/s0 are able to advise4#fhe ,inde$1 he is ( ! op9ion t "s doctors w\ld d well to /ick to exp]i5ce alone & n try to mix 9 reason+1 s9ce !y are n tra9$ 9 logic1 & :5 !y endeavor to divide or analyze a !me1 p]=m l unskill$ c>v]s :o fail to f9d ! jo9ts & mutilate ! roa/4#fhf ,lat] on 9 ! same "w#fhg he aga9 affirms t p]sons :o w n read & pr(it by ! books ( m$ical au?orities & ^: own reason+ is defective1 %\ld limit !mselves to exp]i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's acc\nt ( ! ,empirics4 ,normally1 h[ev]1 ,gal5 upholds bo? reason & exp]i5ce z crit]ia ( tru? aga9/ ! oppos+ s*ools ( ,dogmatics & ,empirics4 ,! =m] attack$ exp]i5ce z unc]ta9 & impossible to regulate1 sl[ & unme?odical4 ,! latt] repli$ t exp]i5ce 0 consi/5t1 adaptable to art1 & pro( en\gh4#fhh ,gal5's *ief objection to ! ,empirics is t !y reject reason z a crit]ion ( tru? & wi% ! m$ical art to be irrational4#fhi 8,! ,empirics say t all ?+s are discov]$ by exp]i5ce1 b we say t "s are f\nd by exp]i5ce & "s by reason40#fij ,gal5 also objects to ,h]odotus's explanation ( ! m$ical art z orig9at+ 9 ! conv]sation ( pati5ts expos$ at crossroads :o told "o ano!r ( _! compla9ts & recov]ies & ?us evolv$ a fund ( common exp]i5ce4#fia ,gal5 criticizes su* exp]i5ce z irrational & n yet put into sci5tific =m 7 74 ,( ! ,empirics he tells u fur!r t !y reg>d ph5om5a only & ignore causes & put no tru/ 9 reason+4 ,!y hold t !re is no sy/em or necess>y ord] 9 m$ical discov]y or doctr9e1 & t "s rem$ies h be5 discov]$ by dreams1 o!rs by *ance4 ,!y also accept$ writt5 acc\nts ( pa/ exp]i5ces & ?us to a c]ta9 ext5t tru/$ 9 tradition4 ,gal5 argues t !y %\ld te/ ^! /atem5ts ( pa/ au?orities by reason4#fib ,8 fur!r cont5tion t1 if !y te/ !m by exp]i5ce1 !y might z well reject all writ+s & tru/ only to pres5t exp]i5ce f ! />t1 is a sophi/ical quibble unwor?y ( him4 ,he adds1 h[ev]1 t ! ,empirics !mselves say t pa/ tradition or 8hi/ory0 77 %\ld n be judg$ by exp]i5ce1 b x is unlikely t he repres5ts _! view correctly 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,9 ano!r passage#fic he says t !y di/+ui% ?ree k9ds ( exp]i5ce1 *ance or accid5tal1 (fh& or impromptu1 & imitative or ! repetition ( ! same ?+4 ,9 a ?ird passage#fid he repeats t !y held t obs]vation ( "o or two in/ances 0 n en\gh1 b t (t-repeat$ obs]vation 0 ne$$ ) all conditions ! same ea* "t4 ,9 yet ano!r place#fie he says t ! ,empirics obs]ve co9cid5ces 9 ?+s jo9$ by exp]i5ce4 ,he himself def9es exp]i5ce z ! compreh5d+ & rememb]+ ( some?+ se5 (t5 & 9 ! same condition1#fif & makes ! good po9t t "o _c obs]ve satisfactorily )\t use ( reason4#fig ,he also admits 9 "o place t "s ,empirics are ready to employ reason z well z exp]i5ce4#fih ,sid5ote3 ,h[ ! ,empirics might h criticiz$ ,gal54 ,hav+ not$ ,gal5's criticism ( ! ,empirics1 we may imag9e :at _! attitude w\ld be t[>ds 8 m$ic9e4 ,!y w\ld probably reject all 8 !ories--:i* we1 too1 h f9ally disc>d$--( f\r elem5ts & f\r qualities & ! l1 & w\ld accept only 8 specific recomm5dations = ! cure ( disease bas$ ^u 8 m$ical exp]i5ce2 except t !y w\ld also be cr$ul\s conc]n+ any?+ :i* he assur$ !m 0 bas$ ^u 8 own or ano!r's exp]i5ce1 :e!r x truly 0 or n4 ,!y w\ld1 h[ev]1 h probably que/ion$ mu* ( 8 anatomical inf]5ce f ! dissection ( ! l[] animals1 s9ce he tells u t !y 8h writt5 :ole books aga9/ anatomy40#fii ,consid]+ ! /ate ( k 9 _! "t1 _! refusal to attempt any l>ge g5]alizations or to haz>d any sci5tific hypo!ses or to build any risky m$ical sy/em 0 9 a way comm5dable1 b _! cr$ulity z to p>ticul>s 0 a weakness4 ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's /&>d ( reason & exp]i5ce4 ,on ! :ole ,gal5's attitude t[>ds exp]i5ce seems an improvem5t ^u !irs4 ,he 0 app>5tly m critical t[>ds ! 8exp]i5ces0 ( pa/ writ]s ?an ! av]age ,empiric1 & 9 8 comb9ation ( reason & exp]i5ce he came a little ne>] to mod]n exp]im5tal me?od4 ,reason alone1 he says1 discov]s "s ?+s1 exp]i5ce alone discov]s "s1 b to f9d o!rs requires use ( bo? exp]i5ce & reason4#gjj ,9 8 treatise ^u critical days he keeps reit]at+ t _! exi/5ce is prov$ bo? by reason & exp]i5ce4 ,^! two in/rum5ts 9 judg+ ?+s giv5 u by nature supplem5t ea* o!r4#gja 8,logical me?ods h =ce 9 f9d+ :at is s\ght1 b 9 believ+ :at has be5 well f\nd !re are two crit]ia = all m51 reason & exp]i5ce40#gjb 8,:at c y d ) m5 :o _c be p]suad$ ei!r by reason or by practice80#gjc ,gal5 also speaks ( discov]+ a tru? by logic & be+ !reby enc\rag$ to try x 9 practice & ( !n v]ify+ x by exp]i5ce4#gjd ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n q ! same ?+ z say+ t ! sci5ti/ %\ld aim to discov] new tru? by purposive exp]im5ts1 or t f a numb] ( exp]i5ces reason may inf] "s g5]al law ( nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,simples kn[able only f exp]i5ce4 ,x is p]haps 9 8 "w on m$ic9al simples t ,gal5 lays mo/ /ress ^u ! importance ( exp]i5ce4 ,inde$ he sees no o!r way to le>n ! prop]ties ( natural objects ?an ?r\gh ! exp]i5ce ( ! s5ses4#gje 8,= by ! gods10 he exclaims1 8h[ is x t we "k t fire is hot8 ,are we taught x by "s syllogism or p]suad$ ( x by "s demon/ration8 ,& h[ d we le>n t ice is cold except f ! s5ses80#gjf ,& ,gal5 sees no advantage 9 sp5d+ fur!r "t 9 argum5ts & hair-splitt+ :]e "o c le>n ! tru? at once f ! s5ses4 ,?is ?\ght he keeps repeat+ ?r\gh ! treatise1 say+1 = example1 8,! sure/ judge ( all w be exp]i5ce alone1 & ^? :o ab&on x & reason on any o!r basis n only are deceiv$ b de/roy ! value ( ! treatise40#gjg ,moreov]1 he re/ricts 8 acc\nt ( m$ic9al simples to ^? ) :i* he is p]sonally acqua9t$4 ,9 ! ?ree books treat+ ( plants he does n m5tion all ^? f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 b only z _m z x has be5 8 privilege to "k by exp]i5ce4#gjh ,he proposes to foll[ ! same rule 9 ! ensu+ discussion ( animals & to say no?+ ( virtues :i* he has n te/$ or ( sub/ances m5tion$ 9 ! writ+s ( pa/ physicians b unkn[n to him4 ,he d>es n tru/ _! /atem5ts :5 he reflects h[ "s h li$ 9 su* matt]s4 ,9 ! middle ages ,alb]tus ,magnus talks 9 mu* ! same /ra9 9 8 works on animals1 plants1 & m9]als1 & p]haps he 0 /imulat$ to su* ideals1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 directly by read+ ,gal5 or indirectly ?r\gh ,arabic works1 by ,gal5's e>li] expression ( !m4 ,gal5 m5tions "s virtues ascrib$ to sub/ances :i* he has te/$ by exp]i5ce & f\nd false1 su* z ! m$ic9al prop]ties attribut$ to ! belly ( a seagull#gji & "s ( ^? claim$ = ! m>9e animal call$ torp$o4#gaj ,ano9t+ ! place ) frog's blood or dog's milk w n prev5t eyebr[s t h be5 pluck$ out f gr[+ aga91 nor w bat's blood & vip]'s fat remove hair f ! arm-pits4#gaa ,also ! bra9 ( a h>e is only fairly good = boys' tee?4#gab ,sid5ote3 ,exp]i5ce & food sci5ce4 ,9 beg9n+ 8 "w on food values#gac ,gal5 /ates t _m h discuss$ ! prop]ties ( alim5ts1 "s on ! basis ( reason alone1 "s on ! basis ( exp]i5ce alone1 b t _! /atem5ts d n agree4 ,on ! :ole1 s9ce reason+ is n easy = ev]yone1 requir+ natural sagacity & tra9+ f *ildhood1 he ?9ks x bett] to />t f exp]i5ce1 especially s9ce n a few physicians are ( ! op9ion t only ?us c ! prop]ties ( foods be le>n$4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp]i5ce & comp\nds4 ,! ,empirics cont5d$ t mo/ comp\nd m$ic9es _h be5 hit ^u by *ance1 & ,gal5 grants t ! ,dogmatics usually are unable to give reasons = ! +r$i5ts ( _! doses & f9d difficulty 9 reproduc+ a lo/ prescription4#gad ,b he holds t reasons c be giv5 = ! con/itu5ts ( ! comp\nd & t ! logical discov]y ( su* rem$ies diff]s f ! empirical4#gae ,8 own me?od 0 to le>n ! nature ( ea* disease & ! v>i$ prop]ties ( simples1 & !n prep>e a comp\nd suit$ to ! disease & to ! pati5t4#gaf ,on ! o!r h&1 we see h[ mu* dep5ds ^u exp]i5ce f 8 confession t sometimes he has ha/ily prep>$ a comp\nd f a few simples1 sometimes f m1 sometimes f a great v>iety4 ,if ! comp\nd work$ well1 he w\ld cont9ue to use x1 sometimes mak+ x /rong] & sometimes weak]4#gag ,= z y _c put toge!r comp\nds )\t rational me?od1 s y _c tell _! /r5g? c]ta9ly & accurately )\t exp]i5ce4#gah ,he admits t no "o c tell ! exact quantity ( ea* +r$i5t to employ )\t ! aid ( exp]i5ce1#gai & says1 8,! prop] proportions 9 ! mixture we %all f9d conjecturally be=e exp]i5ce1 sci5tifically aft] exp]i5ce40#gbj ,9 ^! treatises ^u comp\nd m$ic9es1 unlike t on m$ic9al simples1 ,gal5 gives ! prescriptions ( =m] physicians z well z "s te/$ by 8 own exp]i5ce4#gba ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 he expresses a pref]5ce = ! m$ic9es ( ^? writ]s :o 7 8mo/ exp]i5c$02 & once says t he w give "s comp\nds ( ! m rec5t writ]s1 :o 9 _! turn _h select$ ! be/ f old] writ]s ( long exp]i5ce & add$ lat] discov]ies4#gbb ,we suspect1 h[ev]1 t "s ( ^! prescriptions _h n be5 te/$ = c5turies4 ,sid5ote3 ,sugge/ions ( exp]im5tal me?od4 ,gal5 gives a few directions h[ to regulate m$ical obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 al?\gh !y _c be said to c>ry u v f> on ! road to mod]n laboratory rese>*4 ,he saw ! value ( 8long exp]i5ce10 a phrase :i* he (t5 employs4#gbc ,he /ates t "o exp]i5ce is en\gh to le>n h[ to prep>e a drug1 b to le>n to "k ! be/ m$ic9es 9 ea* k9d & 9 diff]5t places _m exp]i5ces are requir$4#gbd ,m$ic9al simples %\ld be frequ5tly inspect$1 8s9ce ! k ( ?+s p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses is /r5g!n$ by c>eful exam9ation40#gbe ,gal5 advises ! /ud5t ( m$ic9e to /udy h]bs1 trees1 & fruit z !y gr[1 to f9d out :5 x is be/ to pluck !m1 h[ to pres]ve !m1 & s on4 ,b else:]e he /ates t x is possible to e/imate ! g5]al virtue ( ! simple f "o or two exp]i5ces4#gbf ,h[ev]1 he sugge/s t _! effect be not$ 9 ! ?ree cases ( a p]fectly heal?y p]son1 a slightly ail+ pati5t1 & a really sick man4#gbg ,9 ! la/ case "o %\ld fur!r note _! v>y+ effects z ! disease is m>k$ by any excess ( heat1 cold1 dryness1 or moi/ure4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! simples !mselves are pure & free f any admixture ( a =eign sub/ance4#gbh 8,x is also ess5tial to te/ ! relation to ! nature ( ! pati5t ( all ^? ?+s ( :i* great use is made 9 ! m$ical art40#gbi ,"o condition to be obs]v$ 9 exp]im5tal inve/igation ( critical days is to c\nt no cases :]e any slip has be5 made by physician or pati5t or by/&]s or :]e any o!r =eign factor has done h>m4#gcj ,gal5 0 acqua9t$ ) physical exp]im5ts 9 siphon+1 = he says t1 if "o )draws ! air f a vessel conta9+ s& & wat]1 ! s& w foll[ be=e ! wat]1 :i* is ! heavi] 7sic874#gca ,sid5ote3 ,difficulty ( m$ical exp]im5t4 ,gal5 also po9ts out "s ( ! difficulties ( m$ical exp]im5tation4 ,"o is ! extreme unlikelihood ( ev] be+ able to obs]ve 9 ev5 two cases ! same comb9ation ( symptoms & circum/ances4#gcb ,! o!r is ! dang] to ! life ( ! pati5t f ra% exp]im5t+4#gcc ,?us ,gal5 m ?an once tells u ( ab/a9+ f te/+ "s rem$y because he _h o!rs ( ^: effects he 0 sur]4 ,sid5ote3 ,empirical rem$ies4 ,9 ! treatise on easily procurable rem$ies ascrib$ to ,gal51#gcd 9 :i* we h already se5 evid5ce ( lat] int]polation or au?or%ip1 "s recipes are conclud$ by su* expressions z1 8,?is has be5 exp]i5c$2 x works unceas+ly10#gce or 8,ano!r rem$y te/$ by u 9 _m cases40#gcf ,?is became a cu/om 9 _m subsequ5t m$ical works1 includ+ ^? ( ! middle ages4 ,"o recipe is introduc$ by ! caution1 8,b don't cure anybody unless y h be5 paid fir/1 = ?is has be5 te/$ 9 _m cases40#gcg ,b we are left 9 "s d\bt :e!r we %\ld inf] t rem$ies te/$ by exp]i5ce are s sup]ior t !y call = ca% paym5t r ?an cr$it1 or s unc]ta9 t x is advisable t ! physician secure 8 fee be=e ! outcome is kn[n4 ,9 ! middle ages ! ^w exp]im5tum 0 us$ a great deal z a synonym = any m$ical treatm5t1 recipe1 or prescription4 ,gal5 approa*es ?is usage1 :i* we h already notic$ 9 ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory1 :5 he describes 8a v important exp]im5t0 9 ble$+ p]=m$ by c]ta9 doctors at ,rome4#gch ,sid5ote3 ,gal5's influ5ce ^u m$ieval exp]im5t4 ,inde$ ,gal5 appe>s to h ex]t$ a great influ5ce 9 ! middle ages by 8 passages conc]n+ exp]i5ce 9 p>ticul> z well z by 8 m$ic9e 9 g5]al4 ,m$ieval writ]s cite him z an au?ority = ! recognition ( exp]i5ce & reason z crit]ia ( tru?4#gci ,gilb]t ( ,engl& cites 8exp]i5ces f ! book ( exp]im5ts exp]i5c$ by ,gal510#gdj & we %all f9d m ?an "o su* apocryphal "w ascrib$ to ,gal5 9 ! middle ages4 ,john ( ,/4 ,am& seems to h develop$ sev5 rules#gda :i* he gives = discov]+ exp]im5tally ! prop]ties ( m$ic9al simples f :at we h he>d ,gal5 say on ! subject1 & 9 ano!r "w1 ! ,concordances1 ,john collects a numb] ( passages ab\t exp]i5ce f ! works ( ,gal54#gdb ,pet] ( ,spa91 :o di$ z ,pope ,john ,,xxi 9 #abgg1 cites ,gal5 9 8 discussion ( 8! way ( exp]i5ce0 & 8! way ( reason0 9 8 ,comm5t>ies on ,isaac on ,diets4#gdc ,we h already sugge/$ ,gal5's possible influ5ce ^u ,alb]tus ,magnus1 & we might add ,rog] ,bacon :o wrote "s treatises on m$ic9e4 ,b x is h>dly possible to tell :e!r su* ideas 7 9 ! air1 or 7 due to ,gal5 individually ei!r 9 _! orig9 or _! transmission4 ,b he made a r close approa* to ! m$ieval attitude 9 8 equal reg>d = logic & = exp]im5tation4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 m g5]al m$ieval influ5ce4 ,! m g5]al influ5ce ( ,gal5 ^u all sides ( ! m$ic9e ( ! foll[+ fifte5 c5turies has (t5 be5 /at$ 9 sweep+ t]ms1 b is difficult to exagg]ate4 ,8 g5]al !ories1 8 p>ticul> cures1 8 occasional m>vel\s /ories1 7 (t5 repeat$ or p>aphras$4 ,oribasius has be5 call$ 8! ape ( ,gal510 & we %all see t ! epi!t might ) equal reason be appli$ to ,atius ( ,amida4 ,inde$1 z 9 ! case ( ,pl9y1 we %all f9d pl5ty ( in/ances ( ,gal5's influ5ce 9 our lat] *apt]s4 ,p]haps z good a s+le in/ance ( m$ieval /udy ( ,gal5 z c\ld be giv5 is f ! ,concordances ( ,john ( ,/4 ,am& already m5tion$1 :i* be> ! alt]native title1 8,recall$ to ,m9d0 7,revocativum memoriae71 s9ce !y 7 writt5 to 8relieve f toil & worry s*ol>s :o (t5 sp5d sleepless nights 9 se>*+ = po9ts 9 ! books ( ,gal540#gdd ,or we may note h[ ! associates ( ! twelf? c5tury translator f ! ,arabic1 ,g]>d ( ,cremona1 add$ a li/ ( 8 works at ! close ( 8 translation ( ,gal5's ,tegni1 8imitat+ ,gal5 9 ! commemoration ( 8 books at ! end ( ! same treatise10 z !y !mselves /ate4#gde ,n t m$ieval m5 did n make additions ( _! own to ,gal54 ,= in/ance1 ! not$ ,jewi% philosoph]1 ,moses ,maimonides1 9 add+ 8 collection ( m$ical ,aphorisms to ! _m previ\s compilations ( ?is sort by ,hippocrates1 ,rasis 7,muhammad ibn ,zak>iya71 ,mesu 7,yuhanna ibn ,masawaih71 & o!rs1 /ates t he has drawn !m ma9ly f ! works ( ,gal51 b t he supplem5ts ^! ) "s 9 8 own "n & "s by o!r 8mod]ns40#gdf ,n t ,gal5 0 n sometimes criticiz$ or que/ion$4 ,a lat] ,greek writ]1 ,symeon ,se?1 v5tur$ to devote a special treatise to a refutation ( "s ( ,gal5's physiological views4 ,9 x1 address+ himself to ^? 8p]sons :o reg>d y1 ,o ,gal51 z a god10 he endeavor$ to make !m realize t no human be+ is infallible4#gdg ,among ! m$ical treatises ( ,g5tile da ,foligno1 :o 0 papal physician & p]=m$ a public dissection at ,padua 9 #acda1gdh is f\nd a brief argum5t aga9/ ,gal5's fif? aphorism4#gdi ,b su* criticism or opposition only %[s h[ g5]ally ,gal5 0 accept$ z an au?ority4 ,,iii4 ,8 ,attitude ,t[>ds ,magic ,f ,gal5's habits ( critical e/imation r ?an bl9d acceptation ( au?ority1 ( sci5tific obs]vation1 c>eful measurem5t1 & p]sonal exp]im5t1 f 8 brilliant demon/rations by dissection1 & 8 m$ical progno/ication & !rapeutics1 sane & %rewd = 8 "t1--f ^! we h n[ to turn to ! o!r side ( ! picture1 & exam9e :at in=mation 8 works af=d u conc]n+ ! magic & a/rology 9 anci5t m$ic9e1 conc]n+ ! belief 9 occult virtues1 susp5sions1 *>act]s1 incantations1 & ! l4 ,we may fir/ consid] :at he has to say conc]n+ magic & div9ation z he und]/&s ^? words1 & !n take up 8 attitude to ^? o!r matt]s :i* we look ^u z almo/ equally des]v+ classification "u ^? heads4 ,sid5ote3 ,accusations ( magic aga9/ ,gal54 ,apollonius ( ,tyana & ,apuleius ( ,madaura 7 n ! only celebrat$ m5 ( le>n+ 9 ! e>ly ,roman ,empire to be accus$ ( magic2 we h already allud$ to ! *>ges ( magic made aga9/ ,gal5 by ! envi\s physicians ( ,rome dur+ 8 fir/ resid5ce 9 t city4 ,x is h>d to escape ! conviction t at t "t le>n$ m5 7 v liable to be suspect$ or accus$ ( magic4 ,inde$1 ,gal5 makes ! g5]al ass]tion t :5 a physician progno/icates aright conc]n+ ! future c\rse ( a malady1 ?is seems s m>vel\s to mo/ m5 t !y w\ld receive him ) great affection1 if !y did n (t5 reg>d him z a wiz>d4#gej ,soon aft] say+ ?is1 ,gal5 beg9s ! /ory ( ! progno/ications he made & ! cure he wr\ght1 :5 all ! o!r doctors took an opposite view ( ! case4#gea ,"o ( !m !n jeal\sly sugge/$ t ,gal5's diagnosis 0 due to div9ation4#geb ,:5 ask$ by :at k9d ( div9ation1 he gave diff]5t answ]s at diff]5t times & to diff]5t p]sons1 sometimes say+ by dreams1 sometimes by sacrific+1 aga9 by symbols1 or by a/rology4 ,aft]w>ds su* *>ges aga9/ ,gal5 kept multiply+4#gec ,z a result1 ,gal5 says t s9ce !n he has n gone ab\t adv]tis+ 8 progno/ications l a h]ald1 le/ ! physicians & philosoph]s hate him ! m & sl&] him z a wiz>d & div9]1 b t he n[ reveals 8 discov]ies only to 8 fri5ds4#ged ,9 ano!r treatise he repres5ts ,hippocrates z say+ t a pr(ici5t doctor %\ld be able to progno/icate ! c\rse ( diseases1 b adds t contempor>y physicians call su* a doctor a sorc]] & wond]-work] 7 74#gee ,aga9 9 8 "w on m$ic9al simples#gef he /ates t he ab/a9$ f te/+ ! suppos$ virtue ( crocodile's blood 9 %>p5+ ! vision1 & ! blood ( h\se mice 9 remov+ w>ts1 p>tly because he _h o!r reliable eye-m$ic9es & cures = w>ts--su* z myrmecia1 a gem ) w>t-l lumps1 p>tly because by employ+ su* sub/ances he fe>$ to incur ! reputation ( a sorc]]1 s9ce jeal\s physicians 7 already sl&]+ 8 m$ical progno/ications z div9ation4 ,?is la/ passage af=ds a good illu/ration ( ! close connection ) magic ( c]ta9 natural sub/ances suppos$ to possess m>vel\s virtues1 :ile ,gal5's w>t /one also seems magical to ! mod]n read]4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 *>ges ( magic aga9/ o!rs4 ,gal5 himself sometimes calls o!r physicians magicians4 ,c]ta9 m5 ) :om he does n agree are call$ by him 8li>s or wiz>ds or ,i don't "k :at to say10#geg & ano!r man :o us$ m\se dung to excess he calls sup]/iti\s & a sorc]]4#geh ,9 ! same "w on simples#gei he says t he w li/ h]bs 9 alphabetical ord] z ,pamphilus did1 b t he w n l him desc5d to old wives' tales1 ,egyptian sorc]ies & incantations1 amulets & o!r magical devices1 :i* n only d n belong 9 ! m$ical art b are utt]ly false4 ,pamphilus nev] saw mo/ ( ! h]bs he m5tion$1 mu* less te/$ _! virtues1 b copi$ any?+ he f\nd1 pil+ up names1 incantations1 & wiz>dry4 ,gal5 accuses ,x5ocrates ,aphrodisi5sis also ( n hav+ es*ew$ sorc]y1 & he notes t m$ical writ]s h ei!r said no?+ ab\t sweat or :at is sup]/iti\s & bord]+ ^u magic4#gfj ,sid5ote3 ,*>ms & wond]-work]s4 ,philt]s1 love-*>ms1 dream-draughts1 & imprecations ,gal5 reg>ds z impossible or injuri\s1 & int5ds to h no?+ to d ) !m4 ,he ?9ks x ridicul\s to believe t by su* spells "o c bewit* "o's adv]s>ies s t !y _c plead 9 c\rt1 or conceive or be> *ildr54 ,he consid]s x worse to adv]tise & p]petuate su* false or crim9al notions 9 writ+s ?an to practice su* a crime b once4#gfa ,9 "o passage1#gfb h[ev]1 to illu/rate 8 !ory t ! gods prep>e ! sp]ms ( plants & animals1 & set !m go+ z x 71 & aft]w>ds leave !m to !mselves1 ,gal5 comp>es !m to ! wond]-work]s--:o 7 p]haps n magicians b m5 simil> to our sidewalk fakirs :o exhibit me*anical toys--:o />t ?+s mov+ & !n g away !mselves :ile :at !y h prep>$ moves on artificially = a "t4 ,sid5ote3 ,animal sub/ance inadmissible 9 m$ic9e4 ,gal5's own works are n entirely free f ! magical devices ( :i* he accuses o!rs4 ,we may beg9 ) animal sub/ances1 s9ce he himself has te/ifi$ t ! use ( sweat1 crocodile's blood1 & m\se's dung is sugge/ive ( magic4 ,moreov]1 he attributes m biz>re virtues to ! p>ts ( animals ?an to h]bs or /ones4 ,9 a passage some:at simil> to t 9 :i* ,pl9y#gfc express$ 8 horror at ! use ( human blood1 entrails1 & skulls z m$ic9es1 ,gal5 decl>es t he w n m5tion ! abom9able & dete/able1 z ,x5ocrates & "s o!rs h done4 ,! ,roman law has long =bidd5 eat+ human fle%1 :ile ,gal5 reg>ds ev5 ! m5tion ( c]ta9 secretions & excrem5ts ( ! human body z (f5sive to mode/ e>s4#gfd ,nev]!less1 be=e long he (f5ds aga9/ 8 own /&>d & describes h[ he adm9i/]$ to pati5ts ! v sub/ance :i* he _h be=e *>act]iz$ z mo/ unm5tionable4#gfe ,x may also be not$ t he repeats unque/ion+ly su* a tale z t ! cubs ( ! be> are born un=m$ & lick$ into %ape by _! "m4#gff ,sid5ote3 ,na/9ess ( anci5t m$ic9e4 ,fur!r mild] illu/rations ( ! fact t su* na/y sub/ances 7 !n n m]ely recomm5d$ 9 books b freely employ$ 9 actual m$ical practice1 are se5 9 ! frequ5t use by "o ( ,gal5's tea*]s ( ! dung ( dogs :o = two days be=e _h eat5 no?+ b bones1#gfg 9 ,gal5's own wond]fully successful treatm5t ( a tumor on a ru/ic's knee ) goat dung--:i* is1 h[ev]1 too %>p = ! sk9s ( *ildr5 or city ladies1#gfh & 9 8 discov]y by repeat$ exp]i5ce t ! dung ( doves :o take little ex]cise is less pot5t ?an t ( ^? :o take mu*1#gfi ,gal5 also says t he has kn[n ( doctors :o h cur$ _m p]sons by giv+ !m burnt human bones 9 dr9k )\t _! k4#ggj ,sid5ote3 ,p>ts ( animals4 ,gal5's m$ic9al simples include ! bile ( bulls1 hy5as1 cocks1 p>tridges1 & o!r animals4#gga ,a dige/ive oil c be manufactur$ by cook+ foxes & hy5as1 "s alive & "s dead1 :ole 9 oil4#ggb ,gal5 discusses ) p]fect s]i\sness ! relative /r5g? ( v>i\s animal fats1 ^? ( ! goose1 h51 hy5a1 goat1 pig1 & s =?4#ggc ,he decides t lion's fat is by f> ! mo/ pot5t1 ) t ( ! p>d next4 ,among 8 simples are also f\nd ! sl\gh ( a snake1 a %eepsk91 ! li*5s ( horses1 a spid]'s web1#ggd & burnt "y swall[s1 = ^: introduction into m$ic9e he gives ,asclepiades cr$it4#gge ,( ,ar*ig5es' prescriptions = too?a*e he repeats t :i* recomm5d$ hold+ = "s "t 9 ! m\? a frog boil$ 9 wat] & v9eg>1 or a dog's too?1 burnt1 pulv]iz$1 & boil$ 9 v9eg>4#ggf ,cavities may be fill$ ) toa/$ e>?worms or spid]s' eggs dilut$ ) ungu5t ( n>d4 ,tee?+ infants are b5efit$1 if _! gums are moi/5$ ) dog's milk or ano9t$ ) h>e's bra9s4#ggg ,= colic he recomm5ds dri$ cicadas ) ?ree1 five1 or sev5 gra9s ( pepp]4#ggh ,sid5ote3 ,"s scepticism4 ,gal5 is less confid5t z to ! efficacy = e>a*e ( ! multip$es :i* roll !mselves up into a ball1 & :i*1 cook$ 9 oil1 are employ$ especially by rural doctors4#ggi ,he is /ill m sceptical :e!r ! liv] ( a mad dog w cure its bite4#ghj ,_m say s1 & he kn[s ( "s :o h tri$ x & surviv$1 b !y took o!r rem$ies too4#gha ,gal5 has he>d t "s :o tru/$ to x alone di$4 ,9 "o treatise#ghb ,gal5 discusses ! /range virtues ( ! basilisk 9 mu* ! usual way1 b 9 8 "w on simples#ghc he rem>ks drily t x is obvi\sly impossible to employ x 9 ph>macy1 s9ce1 if ! tales ab\t x be true1 m5 _c see x & live or ev5 approa* x )\t dang]4 ,he !re=e w n include x or elephants or ,nile horses 7hippopotamuses87 or any o!r animals ( :i* he has _h no p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,doctr9e ( occult virtue4 ,gal5 tries to f9d "s satisfactory explanation ( ! /range prop]ties :i* he believes exi/ 9 s _m ?+s4 ,! attractive p[] ( ! magnet & ( drugs sugge/s to him t nature 9 u is div9e1 z ,hom] says1 & leads l to l & ?us %[s its div9e virtues4#ghd ,gal5 rejects ,epicurus's explanation ( ! magnet's attractive p[]4#ghe ,x 0 t ! atoms fl[+ (f f bo? ! magnet & iron fit "o ano!r s closely t ! two sub/ances are drawn toge!r4 ,gal5 objects t ?is does n expla9 h[ a :ole s]ies ( r+s c be susp5d$ 9 a r[ f a magnet4 ,gal5's tea*] ,pelops1 :o claim$ to be able to tell ! cause ( ev]y?+1 expla9$ :y a%es ( riv] crabs are us$ = ! bite ( a mad dog z foll[s4#ghf ,! crab is efficaci\s aga9/ hydrophobia because x is an aquatic animal4 ,riv] crabs are bett] = ?is purpose ?an salt wat] crabs because salt dries up moi/ure4 ,he also ?\ght ! a%es ( crabs v pot5t 9 absorb+ ! v5om4 ,b ?is type ( reason+ is unsatisfactory to ,gal51 :o f9ds ! be/ explanation ( all su* action 9 ! peculi> prop]ty1 or occult virtue1 ( ! sub/ance z a :ole4 ,^u ?is subject#ghg he proposes to write a sep>ate treatise1 & 9 ! fragm5t ,de sub/antia facultatum naturalium 7 7 he aga9 discusses ! matt]4#ghh ,sid5ote3 ,virtue ( ! fle% ( vip]s4 ,among p>ts ( animals ,gal5 reg>d$ ! fle% ( vip]s z especially m$ic9al1 p>ticul>ly z an antidote to poisons4 ,( ! foll[+ cures wr\ght by vip]s' fle% :i* ,gal5 n>rates#ghi two 7 repeat$ )\t giv+ him cr$it by ,atius ( ,amida 9 ! six?1 & ,b>?olomew ( ,engl& 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & d\btless by o!r writ]s4 ,:5 ,gal5 0 a y\? 9 ,asia1 "s reap]s f\nd a dead vip] 9 _! jug ( w9e & s 7 afraid to dr9k any ( x4 ,in/ead !y gave x to a man ne> by :o suff]$ f ! t]rible sk9 disease elephantiasis & :om !y ?\ght x w\ld be a m]cy to put quietly out ( 8 mis]y4 ,he drank ! w9e b in/ead ( dy+ recov]$ f 8 disease4 ,a simil>ly unexpect$ cure 0 effect$ :5 a slave wife 9 ,mysia tri$ to kill h] husb& by (f]+ him a l dr9k4 ,a ?ird case 0 t ( a pati5t :om ,gal5 told ( ^! two previ\s cures4 ,aft] resort+ to augury to le>n if he too %\ld try x & receiv+ a favorable response1 ! pati5t drank w9e infect$ by v5om ) ! result t 8 elephantiasis *ang$ into leprosy1 :i* ,gal5 cur$ a little lat] ) ! usual drugs4 ,a f\r? man1 :ile hunt+ vip]s1 0 /ung by "o4 ,gal5 bl$ him1 extract$ black bile ) a drug1 & !n made him eat ! vip]s :i* he _h caught & :i* 7 prep>$ 9 oil l eels4 ,a fif? man1 w>n$ by a dream1 came f ,?race to ,p]gamum4 ,ano!r dream in/ruct$ him bo? to dr9k1 & to ano9t himself )1 a concoction ( vip]s4 ,?is *ang$ 8 disease into leprosy :i* 9 its turn 0 cur$ by drugs :i* ! god prescrib$4 ,sid5ote3 ,!riac4 ,! fle% ( vip]s 0 an important +r$i5t 9 ! fam\s antidote & rem$y call$ !riac1 conc]n+ :i* ,gal5 wrote two special treatises#gij besides discuss+ x 9 8 works on simples & antidotes4 ,mi?ridates1 l ,k+ ,attalus 9 ,gal5's native l&1 _h te/$ ! effects ( v>i\s drugs ^u condemn$ crim9als1 & _h ?us discov]$ antidotes aga9/ spid]s1 scorpions1 sea-h>es1 aconite1 & o!r poisons4 ,he !n comb9$ ! results ( 8 rese>* into "o gr& comp\nd :i* %\ld be an antidote aga9/ any & e poison4 ,b he did n include ! fle% ( ! vip]1 :i* 0 add$ ) "s o!r *anges by ,&roma*us1 *ief physician to ,n]o4#gia ,! div9e ,m>cus ,aurelius us$ to take a dose ( !riac daily & x _h s9ce come into g5]al use4#gib ,gal5 gives a long li/ ( ills :i* x w cure1 includ+ ! plague & hydrophobia1#gic & adds t x is b5eficial 9 keep+ a man 9 good heal?4#gid ,he advises its use :5 travel+ or 9 w9try wea!r1 & tells ,piso t x w prolong 8 life4#gie ,he expla9s m ?an once#gif h[ to prep>e ! vip]'s fle%1 :y ! head & tail mu/ be cut (f1 h[ x is clean$ & boil$ until ! fle% falls f ! backbone1 h[ x is mix$ ) p\nd$ bread into pills1 h[ ! fle% ( ! vip] is be/ 9 e>ly summ]4 ,gal5 also accepts ! leg5d1#gig quot+ six l9es ( v]se f ,nic&] to t effect1 t ! vip] conceives 9 ! m\? & !n bites (f ! male's head1 & t ! "y vip] av5ges its fa!r's dea? by gnaw+ its way out ( its "m's vitals4 ,! ,m>si at ,rome d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( ! dipsas or snake ^: bite causes "o to die ( ?ir/1 b ,gal5 is n q sure :e!r to agree ) !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,magical comp\nds4 ,already we h _h occasion to ref] to ,gal5's two works on comp\nd m$ic9es :i* occupy ! bett] "p ( two bulky volumes 9 ,khn's edition & conta9 a va/ numb] ( prescriptions4 ,x is n uncommon = "o ( ^! to conta9 z _m z tw5ty-five +r$i5ts4 ,x seems unlikely t su* elaborate concoctions w\ld h be5 discov]$ by *ance1 z ! ,empirics held1 b ! mod]n read] is ready to agree t x 0 *ance1 if anyone 0 ev] cur$ ( any?+ by "o ( !m4 ,yet ,gal51 z we h se51 believes t reasons c be giv5 = ! +r$i5ts & w\ld n = a mom5t admit t !y are no bett] ?an ! messes ( wit*es' cauldrons4 ,he argues t1 if all diseases c\ld be cur$ by simples1 no "o w\ld use comp\nds1 b t !y are ess5tial = "s diseases1 especially su* z require ! simultane\s application ( contr>y virtues4#gih ,also :]e a simple is too /rong or weak1 x c be ton$ up or d[n to j ! "r /r5g? 9 a comp\nd4 ,pla/]s & p\ltices seem always to be comp\nds4 ,( panaceas ,gal5 is some:at m *>y1 except 9 ! case ( !riac2 he op9es t a m$ic9e :i* is good = a numb] ( ills _c be v good = any "o ( !m4#gii ,sid5ote3 ,amulets4 ,proc$ure z well z sub/ances sugge/ive ( magic is f\nd to "s ext5t 9 ,gal5's works4 ,he in/ructs1 = example1 to pluck an h]b ) ! left h& be=e sunrise4#hjj ,he also recomm5ds ! susp5sion ( a peony to cure epilepsy4#hja ,he saw a boy :o wore ?is root rema9 free f t disease = eight mon?s1 :5 ! root happ5$ to drop (f & ! boy soon fell 9 a fit4 ,:5 ano!r peony root 0 hung ab\t 8 neck1 he rema9$ 9 good heal? until ,gal5 = ! sake ( exp]im5t remov$ x a second "t1 :]eupon ano!r epileptic fit ensu$ z be=e4 ,9 ?is case ,gal5 sugge/s t p]haps "s p>ticles f ! root 7 drawn 9 by ! pati5t's brea?+ or alt]$ ! surr\nd+ air4 ,9 ano!r passage he holds t !re is no m$ical reason to acc\nt = ! virtues ( amulets1 b t ^? :o h te/$ !m by exp]i5ce say t !y act by "s m>vel\s antipa?y unkn[n to man4#hjb ,a ligature recomm5d$ by ,gal5 is to b9d ab\t ! neck ( ! pati5t a vip] :i* has be5 suffocat$ by ty+ sev]al /r+s1 pref]ably ( m>9e purple1 ab\t its neck4#hjc ,gal5 m>vels t /]cus lup9um1 ev5 :5 simply susp5d$ f ! neck1 8sometimes evid5tly is b5eficial40#hjd ,x %\ld n h t\*$ ! gr\nd b %\ld h be5 tak5 f trees or bu%es4 ,x also works bett]1 z ,gal5 has f\nd 9 8 own practice1 if susp5d$ by ! wool ( a %eep :o has be5 torn by a wolf4 ,sid5ote3 ,incantations & *>act]s4 ,:ile ,gal5 ?us employs ligatures & susp5sions & sanctions magic logic1 he draws ! l9e at use ( images1 *>act]s1 & incantations4 ,9 ! passage j cit$ he goes on to say t he has f\nd o!r susp5d$ sub/ances efficaci\s1 b n ! b>b>\s names su* z wiz>ds use4 ,"s say t ! gem jasp] com=ts ! /oma* if b\nd ab\t ! abdom51#hje & "s we> x 9 a r+ engrav$ ) a dragon & rays1#hjf z ,k+ ,ne*epso directs 9 8 f\rte5? book4 ,gal5 has employ$ x susp5d$ ab\t ! neck )\t any engrav+ ^u x & f\nd x equally b5eficial4 ,9 illu/rat+ ! virtue ( human saliva1 especially t ( a fa/+ man1 ,gal5 tells ( a man :o promis$ him to kill a scorpion by means ( an incantation :i* he repeat$ ?rice4 ,b at ea* repetition he spat on ! scorpion & ,gal5 aft]w>ds kill$ "o by ! same proc$ure )\t any incantation1 & m quickly ) ! spittle ( a fa/+ ?an ( a full man4#hjg ,sid5ote3 ,belief 9 magic dies h>d4 ,! prec$+ p>agraph gives a good illu/ration ( ! sl[ progress ( human ?\ght away f magic & t[>ds sci5ce4 ,m5 are discov]+ t m>vels c be work$ z well )\t *>act]s & incantations4 ,simil> passages may be f\nd 9 ,arabic & ,lat9 m$ieval writ]s4 ,b :ile ,gal5 que/ions images & incantations1 he /ill cl+s to ! notions ( m>vel\s virtue 9 a fa/+ man's spittle or 9 a gem susp5d$ ab\t ! neck4 ,& ^! & o!r passages 9 :i* he clung to old sup]/itions 7 un=tunately equally influ5tial ^u succe$+ writ]s1 :o sometimes1 we fe>1 took !m z an excuse = fur!r indulg5ce 9 magic4 ,inde$1 we %all f9d ,alex&] ( ,tralles 9 ! six? c5tury argu+ t ,gal5 f9ally became a believ] 9 ! efficacy ( incantations4 ,?us ! old notions & practices die h>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,on easily procurable rem$ies4 ,9 ! treatise on easily procurable rem$ies1 :]e popul> & ru/ic rem$ies ent] r m l>gely ?an 9 ,gal5's o!r writ+s1 sup]/iti\s recipes are also met ) m frequ5tly1 &1 if t be possible1 ! doses become ev5 m calculat$ to make "o's gorge rise1 x be+ felt t ! unfa/idi\s ta/es & crude con/itutions ( peasants & ! poor] classes c /& m ?an da9ti] city pati5ts4 ,ano!r reason = sep>ate consid]ation ( ! cont5ts ( ?is treatise is ! possibility1 already m5tion$1 t x is int]polat$ & mis>rang$1 & ! fact t x is 9 "p ( mu* lat] date ?an ,gal54 ,sid5ote3 ,specim5s ( its sup]/iti\s cont5ts4 ,we mu/ limit ourselves to a ha/y survey ( a few specim5s ( its prescriptions4 ,foll[+ ,ar*ig5es1 ligatures & cr[ns are employ$ = heada*es4#hjh ,9 contra/ to ,gal5's previ\s scepticism conc]n+ depilatories = eyebr[s we n[ f9d a numb] m5tion$1 includ+ ! blood ( a b$-bug4#hji ,to cure lumbago1#haj if ! pa9 is 9 ! "r foot1 r$uce to p[d] ) y\r "r h& ! w+s ( a swall[4 ,!n make an incision 9 ! swall['s leg & draw (f all its blood4 ,sk9 x & roa/ x & eat x entire4 ,!n ano9t y\rself all ov] ) ! oil = ?ree days & y w m>vel at ! result4 8,?is has be5 (t5 prov$ by exp]i5ce40 ,to prev5t hair f fall+ out take _m bees & burn !m & mix ) oil & use z an o9tm5t4#haa ,= a /y 9 ! eye cat* flies1 cut (f _! heads1 & rub ! /y ) ! re/ ( _! bodies4#hab ,a cook$ black *ameleon p]=ms ! d\ble duty ( cur+ too?a*e & kill+ mice4#hac ,to extract a too? 9 ! upp] jaw surr\nd x ) ! worms f\nd 9 ! tops ( cabbages2 = a l[] too? use ! worms on ! l[] p>ts ( ! leaves4#had ,pa9 9 ! inte/9es w vani%1 if ! pati5t dr9ks wat] 9 :i* 8 feet h be5 wa%$4#hae ,a net transf]r$ f a woman's hair to ! pati5t's head acts z a laxative1 especially if ! net is fir/ heat$4#haf ,v>i\s sup]/iti\s devices are sugge/$ to insure ! bir? ( a *ild ( ! sex desir$4#hag ,bitum9\s trefoil1#hah boil$ & appli$ hot1 cures snake or spid] bite1 b let no "o use x :o is n s afflict$ or x w make him feel z if he 04#hai ,= cat>act is recomm5d$ a mixture ( equal p>ts ( m\se's blood1 cock's gall1 & woman's milk1 dri$4#hbj ,= pa9 on "o side ( ! head or face sme> ) fifte5 e>?worms & fifte5 gra9s ( pepp] p[d]$ 9 v9eg>4#hba ,to /op a c\gh we> ! tongue ( an eagle z an amulet4#hbb ,we>+ a root ( rhodod5dron makes "o fe>less ( dogs & w\ld cure a mad dog itself1 if x c\ld be ti$ on ! animal4#hbc ,a 8confection0 cov]+ ?ree pages is said to prolong life1 to h be5 us$ by ! emp]ors1 & to h enabl$ ,py?agoras1 its inv5tor1 :o began to make use ( x at ! age ( fifty1 to live to be "o hundr$ & sev5te5 )\t disease4 8,& he 0 a philosoph] & unable to lie ab\t x40#hbd ,sid5ote3 ,ext]nal signs ( ! temp]am5ts ( int]nal organs4 ,x rema9s to note :at !re is 9 ,gal5's works 9 ! way ( div9ation & a/rology4 ,we are n entirely surpris$ t contempor>y doctors confus$ 8 m$ical progno/ic ) div9ation1 :5 we read :at he has to say conc]n+ ! outw>d signs ( hot or cold int]nal organs4 ,9 ! treatise1 entitl$ ,! ,heal+ ,art 7 71#hbe :i* ,mewaldt says 0 ! mo/ /udi$ ( ,gal5's works & spread 9 a va/ numb] ( m$ieval ,lat9 manuscript translations1#hbf he devotes a numb] ( *apt]s to su* subjects z signs ( a hot & dry he>t1 signs ( a hot liv]1 & signs ( a cold lung4 ,among ! signs ( a cold bra9 are excessive excrem5ts f ! head1 /iff /raight r$ hair1 a late bir?1 mal-nutrition1 susceptibility to injury f cold causes & to cat>rh1 & somnol5ce4#hbg ,sid5ote3 ,m>vel\s /atem5ts repeat$ by ,maimonides4 ,9 8 comm5t>y on ! ,aphorisms ( ,hippocrates ,gal5 adds o!r signs by :i* x may be =etold :e!r ! *ild w be a boy or girl to ^? signs already m5tion$ by ,hippocrates4#hbh ,"s ( ^! seem sup]/iti\s en\gh to u4 ,& x 0 a case ( ! evil t m5 d liv+ aft] !m1 = ,moses ,maimonides1 ! not$ ,jewi% physician ( ,cordova 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 9 8 collection ( ,aphorisms1 drawn *iefly f ! works ( ,gal51 repeats ! foll[+ me?od ( progno/ication3 ,pu]um cum primo sp]matizat p]scrut>e1 quem si inv5is hab]e te/iculum dextrum maiorem s9i/ro1 y w "k t 8 fir/ *ild w be a male1 o!rwise female4 ,! same may be det]m9$ 9 ! case ( a girl by a comp>ison ( ! size ( h] brea/s4 ,maimonides also repeats1 f ,gal5's "w to ,caes> on !riac1#hbi ! /ory ( ! ugly man :o secur$ a beautiful son by hav+ a beautiful boy pa9t$ on ! wall & mak+ 8 wife keep h] eyes fix$ ^u x4 ,maimonides also repeats f ,gal5#hcj ! /ory ( ! be>'s lick+ its un=m$ cubs into %ape4#hca ,sid5ote3 ,dreams4 ,9 ano!r treatise on ,diagnosis f ,dreams ,gal5 makes a clos] approa* to ! arts ( div9ation4#hcb ,he /ates t dreams are affect$ by our daily life & ?\ght1 & describes a few correspond+ to bodily /ates or caus$ by !m4 ,he ?9ks t if y dream y see fire1 y are tr\bl$ by yell[ bile1 & if y dream ( vapor or d>kness1 by black bile4 ,9 diagnos+ dreams "o %\ld note :5 !y occurr$ & :at _h be5 eat54 ,b ,gal5 also believes t to "s ext5t ! future c be pr$ict$ f dreams1 z has be5 te/ifi$1 he says1 by exp]i5ce4#hcc ,we h already m5tion$ ! effect ( 8 fa!r's dream ^u ,gal5's c>e]4 ,9 ! ,hippocratic comm5t>ies#hcd he says t "s scorn dreams & om5s & signs1 b t he has (t5 le>n$ f dreams h[ to progno/icate or cure diseases4 ,once a dream in/ruct$ him to let blood betwe5 ! index & great f+]s ( ! "r h& until ! fl[ ( blood /opp$ ( its own accord4 8,x is necess>y10 he concludes1 8to obs]ve dreams accurately bo? z to :at is se5 & :at is done 9 sleep 9 ord] t y may progno/icate & heal satisfactorily40 ,p]haps he _h a dim idea along ,freudian l9es4 ,sid5ote3 ,lack ( a/rology 9 mo/ ( ,gal5's m$ic9e4 ,9 ! ord9>y run ( ,gal5's ph>macy & !rapeutics !re is v little m5tion or obs]vance ( a/rological conditions1 al?\gh ,hippocrates is cit$ z hav+ said t a /udy ( geometry & a/ronomy--:i* may well mean a/rology--is ess5tial 9 m$ic9e4#hce ,9 ! ,de me?odo m$5di he (t5 urges ! importance ( ! "t ( ye>1 ! region1 & ! /ate ( ! sky4#hcf ,b ?is expression seems to ref] to ! wea!r r ?an to ! position ( ! con/ellations4 ,! dog-/> is also occasionally m5tion$1#hcg & "o passage#hch tells h[ 8,aes*rion ! ,empiric1 444 an old man mo/ exp]i5c$ 9 drugs & our fell[ citiz5 & tea*]10 burn$ live riv] crabs on a plate ( r$ bronze aft] ! rise ( ! dog-/> :5 ! sun ent]$ ,leo & on ! eighte5? day ( ! moon4 ,we are also in=m$ t _m ,romans are 9 ! habit ( tak+ !riac on ! fir/ or f\r? day ( ! moon4#hci ,b ,gal5 ridicules ,pamphilus = 8 ?irty-six sacr$ h]bs ( ! horoscope--or decans1 tak5 f an ,egyptian ,h]mes book4#hdj ,on ! o!r h&1 "o ( 8 objections to ! atomi/s is t 8!y despise augury1 dreams1 port5ts1 & all a/rology10 z well z t !y d5y a div9e artific] ( ! _w & an innate moral law to ! s\l4#hda ,?us a!ism & disbelief 9 a/rology are put on mu* ! same plane4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,progno/ication ( ,disease by ,a/rology4 ,:]eas !re is s little to sugge/ a belief 9 a/rology 9 mo/ ( ,gal5's works1 we f9d among !m two devot$ especially to a/rological m$ic9e1 namely1 a treatise on critical days 9 :i* ! influ5ce ( ! moon ^u disease is assum$1 & ! ,progno/ication ( ,disease by ,a/rology4 ,9 ! latt] he /ates t ! ,/oics favor$ a/rology1 t ,diodes ,c>y/ius repres5t$ ! anci5ts z employ+ ! c\rse ( ! moon 9 progno/ications1 & t1 if ,hippocrates said t physicians %\ld "k physiognomy1 !y ought mu* m to le>n a/rology1 ( :i* physiognomy is b a "p4#hdb ,!re foll[s a /atem5t ( ! influ5ce ( ! moon 9 ea* sign ( ! zodiac & 9 its relations to ! o!r planets4#hdc ,on ?is basis is =etold :at diseases a man w h1 :at m$ical treatm5t to apply1 :e!r ! pati5t w die or n1 & if s 9 h[ _m days4 ,?is treatise is ! same z t ascrib$ 9 _m m$ieval manuscripts to ,hippocrates & translat$ into ,lat9 by bo? ,william ( ,mo]beke & ,pet] ( ,abano4 ,sid5ote3 ,critical days4 ,! treatise on critical days discusses !m n by reason or dogma1 le/ sophi/s befog ! pla9 facts1 b solely1 we are told1 ^u ! basis ( cle> exp]i5ce4#hdd ,hav+ premis$ t 8we receive ! =ce ( all ! />s above10#hde ! au?or pres5ts indications ( ! especially great influ5ce ( sun & moon4 ,! latt] he reg>ds n z sup]ior to ! o!r planets 9 p[]1 b z especially gov]n+ ! e>? because ( its ne>ness4#hdf ,he !n discusses ! moon's phases1 hold+ t x causes great *anges 9 ! air1 rules conceptions & bir?1 & 8all beg9n+s ( actions40#hdg ,its relations to ! o!r planets & to ! signs ( ! zodiac are also consid]$ & mu* a/rological te*nical detail is introduc$4#hdh ,b ! ,py?agorean !ory t ! numb]s ( ! critical days are !mselves ! cause ( _! significance 9 m$ic9e is ridicul$1 z is ! doctr9e t odd numb]s are mascul9e & ev5 numb]s fem99e4#hdi ,lat] ! au?or also ridicules ^? :o talk ( sev5 ,pleiades & sev5 />s 9 ei!r ,be> & ! sev5 gates ( ,!bes or sev5 m\?s ( ! ,nile4#hej ,?us he w n accept ! doctr9e ( p]fect or magic numb]s along ) 8 a/rological !ory4 ,mu* ( ?is r long treatise is devot$ to a discussion ( ! duration ( a moon1 & x is %[n t "o ( ! moon's qu>t]s is n exactly sev5 days 9 l5g? & t ! fractions affect ! incid5ce ( ! critical days4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ! hi/ory ( philosophy4 ,a treatise on ! hi/ory ( philosophy1 :i* is m>k$ 8spuri\s0 9 ,khn's edition1 ,i h also discov]$ among ! essays ( ,plut>* :]e1 too1 x is class$ z spuri\s4#hea ,9 "s ways x is sugge/ive ( ! middle ages4 ,aft] an acc\nt ( ! hi/ory ( ,greek philosophy some:at 9 ! /yle ( ! brief reviews ( ! same to be f\nd 9 ! *ur* fa!rs1 x adds a sket* ( ! univ]se & natural ph5om5a n dissimil> to "s m$ieval treatises ( l scope4 ,!re are *apt]s on ! univ]se1 ,god1 ! sky1 ! />s1 ! sun1 ! moon1 ! magnus annus1 ! e>?1 ! sea1 ! ,nile1 ! s5ses1 vision & mirrors1 he>+1 smell & ta/e1 ! voice1 ! s\l1 brea?+1 ! processes ( g5]ation1 & s on4 ,sid5ote3 ,div9ation & demons4 ,9 discuss+ div9ation#heb ! treatise /ates t ,plato & ! ,/oics attribut$ x to ,god & to div9ity ( ! _s 9 ec/asy1 or to int]pretation ( dreams or a/rology or augury4 ,x5ophanes & ,epicurus d5i$ x entirely4 ,py?agoras admitt$ only div9ation by h>uspices or by sacrifice4 ,ari/otle & ,dicae>*us admit only div9ation by en?usiasm & by dreams4 ,= al?\gh !y d5y t ! human s\l is immortal1 !y ?9k t !re is some?+ div9e ab\t x4 ,h]ophilus said t dreams s5t by ,god mu/ come true4 ,o!r dreams are natural1 :5 ! m9d =ms images ( ?+s useful to x or ab\t to happ5 to x4 ,/ill o!rs are =tuit\s or m]e reflections ( our desires4 ,! treatise also takes up ! subject ( h]oes & demons4#hec ,epicurus d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( ei!r1 b ,?ales1 ,plato1 ,py?agoras1 & ! ,/oics agree t demons are natural sub/ances1 :ile h]oes are s\ls sep>ate f bodies1 & are good or bad accord+ to ! lives ( ! m5 :o liv$ 9 ^? bodies4 ,sid5ote3 ,cele/ial bodies4 ,! treatise also gives ! op9ions ( v>i\s ,greek philosoph]s on ! "q :e!r ! univ]se or its compon5t sph]es are ei!r animals or animat$4 ,fate is def9$ on ! au?ority ( ,h]acleitus z 8! heav5ly body1 ! se$ ( ! g5esis ( all ?+s40#hed ,! "q is ask$ :y babies born aft] sev5 mon?s live1 :ile ^? born aft] eight mon?s die4#hee ,on ! o!r h&1 a v brief discussion ( h[ ! />s progno/icate does n g into p>ticul>s beyond _! indication ( seasons & wea!r1 & ev5 ?is ,anaxim5es ascrib$ to ! effect ( ! sun alone4#hef ,philolaus ! ,py?agorean is quot$ conc]n+ "s lun> wat] ab\t ! />s#heg :i* rem9ds "o ( ! wat]s above ! firmam5t 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,anci5t ,,appli$ ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,magic3 ,,vitruvius1 ,,h]o1 ,,& ,,! ,,greek ,,al*emi/s ,! s\rces--,vitruvius depicts ar*itecture z free f magic--,b himself believes 9 occult virtues & p]fect numb]s--,also 9 a/rology--,div]g5ce betwe5 !ory & practice1 le>n+ & art--,evils 9 contempor>y le>n+--,au?orities & inv5tions--,ma*9es & ,ctesibius--,h]o ( ,alex&ria--,m$ieval work+ ov] ( ! texts--,h]o's ?aumaturgy--,in/ances ( exp]im5tal pro(--,magic jugs & dr9k+ animals--,v>i\s automatons & devices--,magic mirrors--,a/rology & occult virtue--,date ( extant ,greek al*emy--,leg5d t ,diocletian burn$ ! books ( ! al*emi/s--,al*emi/s' own acc\nts ( ! hi/ory ( _! art--,close association ( ,greek al*emy ) magic--,my/]y & allegory--,exp]im5t3 relation to sci5ce & philosophy4 8doctum ex omnibus solum neque 9 ali5is locis p]egr9um 444 s$ 9 omni civitate esse civem40 --,vitruvius1 ,,vi1 ,introd4 #b4 ,sid5ote3 ,! s\rces4 ,?is *apt] w exam9e :at may be call$ anci5t appli$ sci5ce & its relations to magic1 tak+ obs]vations at ?ree diff]5t po9ts1 ! t5 books ( ,vitruvius on ar*itecture1 ! collection ( writ+s :i* pass "u ! "n ( ,h]o ( ,alex&ria1 & ! compositions ( ! ,greek al*emi/s4 ,! rema9s ( ,greek & ,roman lit]ature 9 ! field ( appli$ sci5ce are scanty1 n because !y 7 n treasur$1 & ev5 add$ to1 by ! p]iods foll[+1 b app>5tly because !re _h ?us f> be5 s little developm5t 9 ! way ( ma*9]y or ( p[] o!r ?an manual & animal4 ,s we mu/ make ! be/ ( :at we h4 ,! writ+s to be consid]$ are none ( !m e>li] ?an ! p]iod ( ! ,roman ,empire b l o!r writ+s ( t "t !y m or less reflect ! sci5tific a*ievem5ts or ! occult lore ( ! prec$+ ,hell5i/ic p]iod4 ,sid5ote3 ,vitruvius depicts ar*itecture z free f magic4 ,vitruvius liv$ j at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,empire "u ,julius & ,augu/us ,caes>4 ,he is n mu* ( a writ]1 b ar*itecture z set =? 9 8 book appe>s sane1 /raight=w>d1 & solid4 ,! ar*itect is repres5t$ z go+ ab\t 8 bus9ess ) sc>cely any admixture ( magical proc$ure or /riv+ aft] m>vel\s results4 ,! comb9$ guidance ( practical utility & ( high /&>ds ( art--,vitruvius /resses reality & propriety n[ & aga91 & has little pati5ce ) m]e %[--p]haps acc\nts = ?is high degree ( fre$om f sup]/ition4 ,p]haps p]man5t build+ is an hone/1 d[nright1 op51 con/ructive art :]e error is at once app>5t & sup]/ition f9ds little hold4 ,if s1 "o wond]s h[ !re came to be s mu* my/]y envelop+ ,free-,masonry4 ,at any rate1 n only 9 8 build+ directions1 b ev5 9 8 in/ructions = ! prep>ation ( lime1 /ucco1 & bricks1 or 8 discussion ( colors1 natural & artificial1 ,vitruvius seldom or nev] embodies any?+ t c be call$ magical4#heh ,sid5ote3 ,occult virtue & numb]4 ,?is is ! m notewor?y because passages 9 ! v same "w %[ him to h accept$ "s ( ! !ories :i* we h associat$ ) magic4 ,?us he appe>s to believe 9 occult virtues & m>vel\s prop]ties ( ?+s 9 nature1 s9ce he affirms t1 :ile ,africa 9 g5]al ab\nds 9 s]p5ts1 no snake c live )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ! ,african city ( ,ismuc1 & t ?is is a prop]ty ( ! soil ( t locality :i* x reta9s :5 export$4#hei ,vitruvius also m5tions "s m>vel\s wat]s4 ,"o breaks e metallic receptacle & c be reta9$ only 9 a mule's ho(4 ,"s spr+s intoxicate2 o!rs take away ! ta/e = w9e4 ,o!rs produce f9e s++ voices4#hfj ,vitruvius fur!rmore speaks ( six & t5 z p]fect numb]s & cont5ds t ! human body is symmetrical 9 ! s5se t ! di/ances betwe5 ! diff]5t p>ts are exact fractions ( ! :ole4#hfa ,he also tells h[ ! ,py?agoreans compos$ books on ! analogy ( ! cube1 all[+ 9 any "o treatise no m ?an ?ree books ( #baf l9es ea*4#hfb ,sid5ote3 ,a/rology4 ,vitruvius also m ?an once implies 8 confid5ce 9 ! art ( a/rology4 ,9 mapp+ out ! gr\nd-plan ( 8 !at] he advises inscrib+ f\r equilat]al triangles )9 ! circumf]5ce ( a circle1 8z ! a/rolog]s d 9 a figure ( ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac1 :5 !y are mak+ computations f ! musical h>mony ( ! />s40#hfc ,i _c make out t !re is any a/rological significance or magical virtue 9 ?is s f> z ! arrangem5t ( ! !at] is conc]n$1 b x %[s t ,vitruvius & 8 read]s are famili> ) ! te*nique ( a/rology & ! trigona ( ! signs4 ,9 ano!r passage1 comp>+ ! physical *>act]i/ics & temp]am5ts ( nor!rn & s\!rn races1 :i* a/rolog]s g5]ally int]pret$ z evid5ce ( ! influ5ce ( ! con/ellations ^u mank9d1 ,vitruvius patriotically cont5ds t ! inhabitants ( ,italy1 & especially ! ,romans1 repres5t a happy m$ium betwe5 nor? & s\?1 comb9+ ! great] c\rage ( ! nor!rn]s ) ! ke5] intellects ( ! s\!rn]s1 j z ! planet ,jupit] is a gold5 mean betwe5 ! extreme influ5ces ( ,m>s & ,saturn4 ,s ! ,romans are fitt$ = _w rule1 ov]com+ b>b>ian valor by _! sup]ior intellig5ce & ! devices ( ! s\!rn]s by _! valor4#hfd ,9 a ?ird passage ,vitruvius says m expressly ( ! art ( a/rology3 8,z = ! bran* ( a/ronomy :i* conc]ns ! influ5ces ( ! twelve signs1 ! five />s1 ! sun1 & ! moon ^u human life1 we mu/ leave all ?is to ! calculations ( ! ,*aldeans1 to :om belongs ! art ( ca/+ nativities1 :i* enables !m to decl>e ! pa/ & ! future by means ( calculations bas$ on ! />s4 ,^! discov]ies h be5 transmitt$ by m5 ( g5ius & great acut5ess :o sprang directly f ! nations ( ! ,*aldeans2 fir/ ( all1 by ,b]osus1 :o settl$ 9 ! isl& /ate ( ,cos1 & !re op5$ a s*ool4 ,aft]w>ds ,antipat] pursu$ ! subject2 !n !re 0 ,ar*9apolus1 :o also left rules = ca/+ nativities1 bas$ n on ! mom5t ( bir? b on t ( conception40 ,aft] li/+ a numb] ( natural philosoph]s & o!r a/ronom]s & a/rolog]s1 ,vitruvius concludes3 8,_! le>n+ des]ves ! admiration ( mank9d2 = !y 7 s solicit\s z ev5 to be able to pr$ict1 long be=eh&1 ) div9+ m9d1 ! signs ( ! wea!r :i* 0 to foll[ 9 ! future40#hfe ,sid5ote3 ,div]g5ce betwe5 !ory & practice1 le>n+ & art4 ,su* a passage demon/rates pla9ly en\gh ,vitruvius' full confid5ce 9 ! art ( ca/+ nativities & ( wea!r pr$iction1 b x has no integral connection ) 8 practical ar*itecture or ev5 any necess>y connection ) ! con/ruction ( a sun-dial1 :i* is :at he is actually driv+ at4 ,b ,vitruvius believ$ t an ar*itect %\ld n be a m]e craftsman b broadly educat$ 9 hi/ory1 m$ic9e1 & philosophy1 geometry1 music1 & a/ronomy1 9 ord] to und]/& ! orig9 & significance ( details inh]it$ f ! art ( ! pa/1 to assure a heal?y build+1 prop] ac\/ics1 & ! l4 ,x is 9 an attempt to air 8 le>n+ & 9 ! !oretical portions ( 8 "w t he is prone to occult sci5ce4 ,b ! practical processes ( ar*itecture & milit>y eng9e]+ are free f x4 ,sid5ote3 ,evils 9 contempor>y le>n+4 ,! attitude ( ,vitruvius t[>ds o!r ar*itects ( 8 own age1 to pa/ au?orities1 & to p]sonal exp]im5tation is ( int]e/ to note1 & r\ghly p>allels ! attitude ( ,gal5 9 ! field ( m$ic9e4 ,l ,gal5 he compla9s t ! arti/ mu/ plunge into ! social life ( ! day 9 ord] to ga9 pr(essional success & recognition4#hff 8,& s9ce ,i obs]ve t ! unle>n$ r ?an ! le>n$ are held 9 high favor1 deem+ x b5ea? me to /ruggle = honors ) ! unle>n$1 ,i w r demon/rate ! virtue ( our sci5ce by ?is publication40#hfg ,he also objects to ! self-ass]tion & adv]tis+ ( !mselves 9 :i* _m ar*itects ( 8 "t indulge4#hfh ,he recognizes1 h[ev]1 t ! /ate ( affairs 0 mu* ! same 9 "t pa/1 s9ce he tells a /ory h[ ! ,mac$onian ar*itect1 ,d9ocrates1 =c$ himself ^u ! att5tion ( ,alex&] ! ,great solely by 8 h&some & /ately appe>ance1#hfi & s9ce he ass]ts t ! mo/ fam\s arti/s ( ! pa/ owe _! celebrity to _! good =tune 9 work+ = great /ates or m51 :ile o!r arti/s ( equal m]it are seldom he>d (4#hgj ,he also speaks ( ^? :o plagi>ize ! writ+s ( o!rs1 especially ( ! m5 ( ! pa/4#hga ,b all ?is does n lead him to despair ( art & le>n+2 r x confirms him 9 ! conviction t !y alone are really wor? :ile1 & he quotes sev]al philosoph]s to t effect1 includ+ ! say+ ( ,!ophra/us t 8! le>n$ man alone ( all o!rs is no /rang] ev5 9 =eign l&s 444 b is a citiz5 9 e city40#hgb ,sid5ote3 ,au?orities & inv5tions4 ,9 contradi/9ction to ! plagi>i/s ,vitruvius expresses 8 deep gratitude to ! m5 ( ! pa/ :o h writt5 books1 & gives li/s ( 8 au?orities1#hgc & decl>es t 8! op9ions ( le>n$ au?ors 444 ga9 /r5g? z "t goes on40#hgd 8,rely+ ^u su* au?orities1 we v5ture to produce new sy/ems ( in/ruction40#hge ,or1 z he says 9 discuss+ ! prop]ties ( wat]s1 8,"s ( ^! ?+s ,i h se5 = myself1 o!rs ,i h f\nd writt5 9 ,greek books40#hgf ,b 9 describ+ sun-dials he frankly rem>ks1 8,i w /ate by :om ! diff]5t classes & designs ( dials h be5 inv5t$4 ,= ,i _c inv5t new k9ds myself at ?is late day1 nor d ,i ?9k t ,i ought to display ! inv5tions ( o!rs z my own40#hgg ,he also gives an acc\nt ( a numb] ( notable miscellane\s discov]ies & exp]im5ts by pa/ ma!maticians & physici/s4#hgh ,also he sometimes repeats ! in/ruction :i* he _h receiv$ f 8 tea*]s4 ,l ,pl9y a little lat] he ?9ks t 9 "s respects arti/ic /&>ds h be5 l[]$ 9 8 own "t1 notably 9 fresco-pa9t+4#hgi ,b also1 l ,gal51 he once admits t !re are /ill good m5 9 8 own pr(ession besides himself1 affirm+ t 8our ar*itects 9 ! old days1 & a good _m ev5 9 our own times1 h be5 z great z ^? ( ! ,greeks40#hhj ,he describes a basilica :i* he himself _h built at ,fano4#hha ,sid5ote3 ,ma*9es & ,ctesibius4 ,vitruvius's la/ book is devot$ to ma*9es & milit>y eng9es4 ,"h he makes a feeble ef=t to introduce ! factor ( a/rological influ5ce1 ass]t+ t 8all ma*9]y is d]iv$ f nature1 & is f\nd$ on ! tea*+ & in/ruction ( ! revolution ( ! firmam5t40#hhb ,among ! devices describ$ is ! pump ( ,ctesibius ( ,alex&ria1 ! son ( a b>b]4#hhc ,he _h already be5 m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ book#hhd = ! improvem5ts :i* he introduc$ 9 wat]-clocks1 especially regulat+ _! fl[ accord+ to ! *ang+ l5g? ( ! h\rs ( ! day 9 summ] & w9t]4 ,vitruvius also ass]ts t he con/ruct$ ! fir/ wat] organs1 t he 8discov]$ ! natural pressure ( ! air & pneumatic pr9ciples1 444 devis$ me?ods ( rais+ wat]1 automatic contrivances1 & amus+ ?+s ( _m k9ds1 444 blackbirds s++ by means ( wat]works1 & angobatae1 & figures t dr9k & move1 & o!r ?+s t h be5 f\nd to be pleas+ to ! eye & ! e>40#hhe ,vitruvius /ates t ( ^! he has select$ ^? t seem$ mo/ useful & necess>y & t ! read] may turn to ,ctesibius's own works = ^? :i* are m]ely amus+4 ,pl9y m briefly m5tions ! inv5tion ( pneumatics & wat] organs by ,ctesibius4#hhf ,sid5ote3 ,h]o ( ,alex&ria4 ,?is *>act]ization by ,vitruvius ( ! writ+s ( ,ctesibius also applies ) a/oni%+ fitness to "s ( ! works curr5t "u ! "n ( ,h]o ( ,alex&ria1#hhg :o is inde$ 9 a ,vi5na manuscript ( ! ,belopoiika spok5 ( z ! disciple or foll[] ( ,ctesibius4#hhh ,h]o1 h[ev]1 is n m5tion$ ei!r by ,vitruvius or ,pl9y1 & x is n[ g5]ally agre$ z a result ( rec5t /udies t he belongs to ! second c5tury ( our era4#hhi ,8 writ+s are objective & imp]sonal & tell u mu* less ab\t himself ?an ,vitruvius's introductions to ! t5 books ( ,de ar*itectura4 ,! simil>ity 9 cont5t ( 8 writ+s to ^? ( ! mu* e>li] ,ctesibius z well z ! "* ( 8 t]m9ology sugge/ t he /&s at ! end ( a long developm5t4 ,he speaks ( 8 own discov]ies1 b p]haps 9 ! ma9 simply cont9ues & works ov] ! previ\s pr9ciples & me*anisms ( m5 l ,ctesibius4 ,z ?+s /&1 h[ev]1 8 works con/itute our mo/ important1 & (t5 our only1 s\rce = ! hi/ory ( exact sci5ce & ( te*nology 9 antiquity4#hij ,sid5ote3 ,m$ieval work+ ov] ( ! texts4 ,n only does ,h]o seem to h be5 9 l>ge measure a compil] & cont9u] ( previ\s sci5ce1 8 works also h evid5tly be5 work$ ov] & add$ to 9 subsequ5t p]iods & be> m>ks ( ! ,byzant9e1 ,arabian1 & m$ieval ,lat9 p]iods z well z ( ! ,hell5i/ic & ,roman4 ,inde$ ,heib]g reg>ds ! ,geometry & ,de /]eometricis & ,de m5suris z lat] ,byzant9e collections :i* h p]haps made "s use ( ! works ( ,h]o1 :ile ! ,de geodaesia is an epitome (1 or extract f1 a pseudo-,h]onic collection4 ,! ,catoptrica is kn[n only f ! ,lat9 translation ( #abfi1 probably by ,william ( ,mo]beke1 & long kn[n z ,ptolemy on ,mirrors4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 to be directly translat$ f ! ,greek & n f ! ,arabic4 ,! ,me*anics1 on ! o!r h&1 is kn[n only f ! ,arabic translation by ,co/a b5 ,luca4 ,( ! ,pneumatics we h ,greek1 ,arabic1 & ,lat9 v]sions4 ,x 0 app>5tly kn[n to ! au?or ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ,summa philosophiae ascrib$ to ,rob]t ,grossete/e1 s9ce he speaks ( ! inve/igations ( vacuums made by 8,h]o1 t em95t philosoph]1 ) ! aid ( wat]-clocks1 siphons1 & o!r in/rum5ts40#hia ,s*ol>s are ( ! op9ion t ! ,arabic adaptation1 :i* is ( popul> "* & limit$ to ! ent]ta9+ side1 comes clos] to ! orig9al ,greek v]sion ( ,h]o's "t ?an does ! ,lat9 v]sion :i* devotes m att5tion to exp]im5tal physics4 ,! ,automatic ,!at]1 = :i* !re is ! same *ief manuscript z = ! ,pneumatics1 also seems to h be5 work$ ov] & add$ to a great deal4 ,sid5ote3 ,h]o's ?aumaturgy4 ,f ,vitruvius's allusions to ! works ( ,ctesibius & f a survey ( ^? works curr5t "u ,h]o's "n :i* are *iefly conc]n$ ) me*anical contrivances & devices1 ! mod]n read] gets ! impression t1 aside f milit>y eng9es & lift+ appliances1 ! sci5ce ( antiquity 0 appli$ l>gely to purposes ( ent]ta9m5t r ?an practical usefulness4 ,h[ev]1 9 ,h]o's case at lea/ !re is some?+ m ?an ?is4 ,8 app>atus & exp]im5ts are n int5d$ s mu* to div]t z to deceive ! spectator1 & n s mu* to amuse z to a/\nd him4 ,! me*anism is usually conceal$2 ! cause acts indirectly1 int]m$iately1 or f a di/ance to produce an app>5tly m>vel\s result4 ,x is a case ( ?aumaturgy1 z ,h]o himself says1#hib ( app>5t magic4 ,9 f9e1 ! exp]im5tal & appli$ sci5ti/ is l>gely int]e/$ 9 vy+ ) ! feats ( ! magicians or supply+ ! temples & alt>s ( religion ) pseudo-miracles4 ,sid5ote3 ,in/ances ( exp]im5tal pro(4 ,! introduction or proemium to ! ,pneumatics is r m truly sci5tific & has be5 call$ an unusual in/ance 9 antiquity ( ! use z pro( ( purposive obs]vation ( nature & exp]im5t4 ,?us ! exi/5ce ( air is demon/rat$ by ! exp]im5t ( press+ an inv]t$ vessel1 kept c>efully upright1 into wat]1 :i* w n ent] ! vessel because ( ! resi/ance (f]$ by ! air already )9 ! vessel4 ,or ! ela/icity ( air & ! exi/5ce ( empty spaces betwe5 its p>ticles is %[n by ! exp]im5t ( bl[+ m air into a globe ?r\gh a siphon1 & !n hold+ "o's f+] ov] ! orifice4 ,z soon z ! f+] is remov$ ! surplus air ru%es out ) a l\d report4 ,along ) su* admirable exp]im5tal pro(1 h[ev]1 ! introduction conta9s "s a/oni%+ly errone\s ass]tions1 su* z t 8slime & mud are trans=mations ( wat] into e>?10 & t air releas$ f a vessel "u wat] 8is trans=m$ s z to become wat]40 ,h]o believes t heat & light rays are p>ticles ( matt] :i* p5etrate ! int]/ices betwe5 ! p>ticles compos+ air & wat]4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic jugs & dr9k+ animals4 ,! ,pneumatics consi/ ( "s sev5ty-eight !orems or exp]im5ts or tricks1 call !m :at y w1 :i* 9 diff]5t manuscripts & editions are v>i\sly gr\p$ 9 a s+le book or two books4 ,! same idea or me?od1 h[ev]1 is (t5 repeat$ 9 ! diff]5t *apt]s4 ,?us we enc\nt] ov] half a doz5 times ! magic wat]-j> or dr9k+ horn f :i* ei!r w9e or wat] or a mixture ( bo? c be p\r$1 or a *oice ( o!r liquids4 ,& 9 all ^! cases ! explanation ( ! trick is ! same4 ,:5 ! air-hole 9 ! top ( ! vessel is clos$ s t no air c ent]1 ! liquid w n fl[ out ?r\gh ! n>r[ orifice 9 ! bottom4 ,*anges are rung on ?is pr9ciple by means ( inn] comp>tm5ts & connect+ tubes4 ,diff]5t k9ds ( siphons1 ! b5t1 ! enclos$1 & ! uni=m dis*>ge1 are describ$ 9 ! op5+ *apt]s & are utiliz$ 9 work+ ! ensu+ wond]s1 su* z /atues ( animals :i* dr9k wat] (f]$ to !m1 inexhau/ible goblets or ^? t w n ov]fl[1 & h>moni\s j>s4 ,by ?is la/ expression is meant pairs ( vessels1 secretly connect$ by tubes & s arrang$ t no?+ w fl[ f "o until ! o!r is fill$1 :5 w9e w p\r f "o j> & wat] f ! o!r4 ,or :5 wat] is p\r$ into "o j>1 w9e or mix$ w9e & wat] fl[s f ! o!r4 ,or1 :5 wat] is drawn (f f "o j>1 w9e fl[s f ! o!r4 ,o!r vessels are made to comm5ce or cease to p\r out w9e or wat]1 :5 a little wat] is p\r$ 94 ,o!rs w receive no m wat] once y h ceas$ p\r+ x 91 no matt] h[ little may h be5 p\r$ 91 or1 :5 y cease = a mom5t to p\r wat] 9 & !n beg9 aga91 w n resume _! outp\r until half full4 ,9 ano!r case ! wat] w n fl[ out ( a hole 9 ! bottom ( ! vessel at all until ! vessel is entirely fill$4 ,o!rs are made to fl[ by dropp+ a co9 9 a slot or work+ a lev]1 or turn+ a :eel4 ,9 ! la/ case ! vessel ( wat] is conceal$ beh9d ! entrance column ( a temple4 ,9 "o magic dr9k+ horn ! fl[ ( wat] f ! bottom is *eck$ by putt+ a cov] ov] ! op5 top4 ,:5 ano!r pit*] is tipp$ up1 ! same am\nt ( liquid w always fl[ out4 ,sid5ote3 ,v>i\s automatons & devices4 ,9 half a doz5 *apt]s me*anical birds are made to s+ by driv+ air ?r\gh a pipe by ! pressure ( fl[+ wat]4 ,9 o!r *apt]s a dragon is made to hiss & a ?yrsus to :i/le by simil> me?ods4 ,by ! =ce ( compress$ air wat] is made to spurt =? & automatons to s\nd trumpets4 ,! heat ( ! sun's rays is us$ to w>m air :i* exp&s & causes wat] to trickle out4 ,9 a numb] ( cases z long z a fire burns on an alt> ! expansion ( enclos$ air caus$ !reby op5s temple doors by ! aid ( pulleys1 or causes /atues to p\r libations1 danc+ figures to revolve1 & a s]p5t to hiss4 ,! =ce ( /eam is us$ to support a ball 9 mid-air1 revolve a sph]e1 & make a bird s+ or a /atue bl[ a horn4 ,inexhau/ible lamps are describ$ z well z inexhau/ible goblets1 & a self-trimm$ lamp 9 :i* a float re/+ on ! oil turns a cog-:eel :i* pu%es up ! wick z x & ! oil are consum$4 ,floats & cog-:eels are also us$ 9 "s ( ! tricks already m5tion$4 ,9 ano!r ! fl[ ( a liquid f a vessel is regulat$ by a float & a lev]4 ,cog-:eels are also employ$ 9 con/ruct+ ! neck ( an automaton s t x c be cut completely ?r\gh ) a knife & yet ! head n be sev]$ f ! body4 ,a cupp+ glass1 a syr+e1 a fire eng9e pump ) valves & pi/ons1 a hydraulic organ & "o work$ by w9d pretty mu* exhau/ ! cont5ts ( ! ,pneumatics4 ,9 its introduction ,h]o alludes to 8 treatise 9 f\r books on wat]-clocks1 b ?is is n extant4 ,h]o's wat]-organ is reg>d$ z m primitive ?an t describ$ by ,vitruvius4#hic ,sid5ote3 ,magic mirrors4 ,if magic jugs & m>vel\s automatons make up mo/ ( ! cont5ts ( ! ,pneumatics & ,automatic ,!at]1 comic & magic mirrors play a prom95t "p 9 ! ,catoptrics4 ,! spectator sees himself upside d[n1 ) ?ree eyes1 two noses1 or an o!rwise di/ort$ c\nt5ance4 ,by means ( two rectangul> mirrors :i* op5 & close on a common axis ,pallas is made to spr+ f ! head ( ,zeus4 ,in/ructions are giv5 h[ to place mirrors s t ! p]son approa*+ w see no reflection ( himself b only :atev] app>ition y select = him to see4 ,?us a div9ity c be made sudd5ly to appe> 9 a temple4 ,clocks are also describ$ :]e figures appe> to ann\nce ! h\rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,a/rology & occult virtue4 ,h]o displays a slight t5d5cy 9 ! direction ( a/rology1 discuss+ ! music ( ! sph]es 9 ! fir/ *apt]s ( ! ,catoptrics1 & 9 ! ,pneumatics describ+ an absurdly simple repres5tation ( ! cosmos by means ( a small sph]e plac$ 9 a circul> hole 9 ! p>tition betwe5 two halves ( a transp>5t sph]e ( glass4 ,"o hemisph]e is to be fill$ ) wat]1 probably 9 ord] to support ! ball 9 ! c5t]4#hid ,! m>vel\s virtues ( animals o!r ?an automatons are r out ( 8 l9e1 b he alludes to ! virtue ( ! m>9e torp$o :i* c p5etrate bronze1 iron1 & o!r bodies4 ,sid5ote3 ,date ( extant ,greek al*emy4 ,al?\gh we h se5 "s indications ( its e>li] exi/5ce 9 ,egypt1 al*emy seems to h made its appe>ance 9 ! anci5t ,greek-speak+ & ,lat9 _w only at a late date4 ,!re seems to be no allusion to ! subject 9 classical lit]ature be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 ! fir/ m5tion be+ ,pl9y's /atem5t t ,caligula made gold f orpim5t4#hie ,! papyri conta9+ al*emi/ic texts are ( ! ?ird c5tury1 & ! manuscripts conta9+ ,greek works ( al*emy1 ( :i* ! olde/ is "o ( ! elev5? c5tury 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 seem to consi/ ( works or remnants ( works writt5 9 ! ?ird c5tury & lat]1 _m be+ ,byzant9e compilations1 exc]pts1 or additions4 ,also ,syncellus1 ! polygraph ( ! eigh? c5tury1 gives "s extracts f ! al*emi/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,leg5d t ,diocletian burn$ ! books ( ! al*emi/s4 ,syncellus & o!r late writ]s#hif are our only extant s\rces = ! /atem5t t ,diocletian burn$ ! books ( ! al*emi/s 9 ,egypt1 s t !y might n f9ance future revolts aga9/ him4 ,if ! report be true1 "o w\ld fancy t ! imp]ial edict w\ld be m effective z a te/imonial to ! tru? ( transmutation 9 enc\rag+ ! art ?an x w\ld be 9 disc\rag+ x by de/roy+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( its lit]ature4 ,?us ! edict w\ld resemble ! occasional laws ( e>li] emp]ors bani%+ ! a/rolog]s--except _! own--f ,rome or ,italy because !y _h be5 too free 9 pr$ict+ ! dea? ( ! emp]or1 :i* only s]ve to %[ :at a hold a/rology _h bo? on emp]ors & p4 ,b ! report conc]n+ ,diocletian s\nds improbable on ! face ( x & mu/ be d\bt$ = want ( contempor>y evid5ce4 ,c]ta9ly we are n ju/ifi$ 9 expla9+ ! air ( secrecy s (t5 assum$ by writ]s on al*emy z due to ! fe> ( p]secution :i* ?is action ( ,diocletian#hig or ! fe> ( be+ accus$ ( magic ar\s$ 9 !m4 ,p]sons :o wi% to keep matt]s secret d n ru% into publication1 & ! air ( secrecy ( ! al*emi/s is too (t5 evid5tly assum$ = purposes ( %[ & to impress ! read] ) ! idea t !y really h some?+ to hide4 ,sometimes ! al*emi/s !mselves realize t ?is adoption ( an air ( secrecy has be5 ov]done4 ,?us ,olympiodorus wrote 9 ! e>ly fif? c5tury1 8,! anci5ts 7 accu/om$ to hide ! tru?1 to veil or obscure by allegories :at is cle> & evid5t to ev]ybody40#hih ,nor c we accept ! /ory ( ,diocletian's burn+ ! books ( al*emy z ! reason :y none h rea*$ u :i* c be c]ta9ly dat$ z e>li] ?an ! ?ird c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,al*emi/s' own acc\nts ( ! hi/ory ( _! art4 ,! al*emi/s !mselves1 ( c\rse1 claim$ = _! art ! highe/ antiquity4 ,zosimus ( ,panopolis1 :o seems to h writt5 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 says t ! fall5 angels in/ruct$ m5 9 al*emy z well z 9 ! o!r arts1 & t x 0 ! div9e & sacr$ art ( ! prie/s & k+s ( ,egypt1 :o kept x secret4 ,we also h an address ( ,isis to h] son ,horus repeat+ ! revelation made by ,amnael1 ! fir/ ( ! angels & prophets4 ,to ,moses are ascrib$ treatises on dome/ic *emi/ry & d\bl+ ! weight ( gold4#hii ,! manuscripts ( ! ,byzant9e p]iod discuss :at 8! anci5ts0 meant by ?is or t1 or purport to repeat :at someone else said ( "s o!r p]son4 ,zosimus seems fond ( cit+ himself 9 ! texts reproduc$ by ,b]!lot1 s t x may be que/ion$ h[ mu* ( 8 orig9al works has be5 pres]v$4 ,h]mes is (t5 cit$ by ! al*emi/s1 al?\gh no "w ( al*emy ascrib$ to him has rea*$ u f ?is e>ly p]iod4 ,to ,aga?odaemon is ascrib$ a comm5t>y on ! oracle ( ,orpheus address$ to ,osiris1 deal+ ) ! :it5+ & yell[+ ( metals & o!r al*emical recipes4 ,o!r favorite au?orities are ,o/anes1 :om we h else:]e he>d repres5t$ z ! introduc] ( magic into ! ,greek _w1 & ! philosoph] ,democritus1 :om ! al*emi/s repres5t z ! pupil ( ,o/anes & :om we h already he>d ,pl9y *>ge ) devotion to magic4 ,s5eca says 9 "o ( 8 lett]s t ,democritus discov]$ a process to s(t5 ivory1 t he prep>$ artificial em]ald1 & color$ vitrifi$ sub/ances4 ,diog5es ,la]tius ascribes to him a "w on ! juices ( plants1 on /ones1 m9]als1 metals1 colors1 & color+ glass4 ,?is 0 possibly ! same z ! f\r books on color+ gold1 silv]1 /ones1 & purple ascrib$ to ,democritus by ,synesius 9 ! fif?1 & ,syncellus 9 ! eigh?1 c5tury4 ,m rec5t presumably ?an ,o/anes & ,democritus are ! female al*emi/s1 ,cleopatra & ,m>y ! ,jewess1 al?\gh "o text repres5ts ,o/anes & 8 companions z conv]s+ ) ,cleopatra4 ,a few ( ! spuri\s works ascrib$ to ^! au?ors may h come into exi/5ce z e>ly z ! ,hell5i/ic p]iod1 b ^? :i* h rea*$ u1 at lea/ 9 _! pres5t =m1 seem to be> ! m>ks ( ! ,*ri/ian era & lat] c5turies ( ! ,roman ,empire1 if n ( ! e>ly m$ieval & ,byzant9e p]iods4 ,& ^? au?ors ^: names seem g5u9e3 ,zosimus1 ,synesius1 ,olympiodorus1 ,/ephanus1 are ( ! ?ird1 f\r? & fif? c5turies1 at ! e>lie/4 ,sid5ote3 ,close association ( ,greek al*emy ) magic4 ,! associations ( ! names above cit$ & ! fact t pseudo-lit]ature =ms s l>ge a "p ( ! e>ly lit]ature ( al*emy sugge/ its close connection at t "t ) magic4 ,:]eas ,vitruvius1 al?\gh n p]sonally inhospitable to occult !ory1 %[$ u ! art ( ar*itecture free f magic1 & ,h]o told h[ to p]=m app>5t magic by means ( me*anical devices & deceits1 ! ,greek al*emi/s display entire fai? 9 magic proc$ure ) :i* _! art is indissolubly int]m+l$4 ,inde$ ! papyri 9 :i* works ( al*emy occur are prim>ily magic papyri1 s t al*emy may be said to spr+ f ! br[ ( magic4 ,! same is only some:at less true ( ! manuscripts4 ,9 ! e>lie/ "o ( ! elev5? c5tury ! al*emy is 9 ! company ( a treatise on ! int]pretation ( dreams1 a sph]e ( div9ation ( life or dea?1 & magic alphabets4 ,! treatises ( al*emy !mselves are equally impregnat$ ) magic detail4 ,cleopatra's art ( mak+ gold employs conc5tric circles1 a s]p5t1 an eight-ray$ />1 & o!r magic figures4 ,physica et my/ica1 ascrib$ to ,democritus1 aft] a purely te*nical fragm5t on purple dye1 invokes 8 ma/] ,o/anes f ,hades1 & !n plunges into al*emical recipes4 ,!re are also frequ5t bits ( a/rology & sugge/ions ( ,gno/ic influ5ce4 ,(t5 ! encircl+ s]p5t ,ouroboros1 :o bites or swall[s 8 tail1 is ref]r$ to4#ijj ,sometimes ! al*emi/ puts a little gold into 8 mixture to act z a sort ( ne/ egg1 or "m ( gold1 & enc\rage ! rema9+ sub/ance to become gold too4#ija ,or we read 9 a "w ascrib$ to ,o/anes ( 8a div9e wat]0 :i* 8revives ! dead & kills ! liv+1 enlight5s obscurity & obscures :at is cle>1 calms ! sea & qu5*es fire4 ,a few drops ( x give lead ! appe>ance ( gold ) ! aid ( ,god1 ! invisible & all-p[]ful44440#ijb ,sid5ote3 ,my/]y & allegory4 ,^! e>ly al*emi/s are also greatly giv5 to my/]y & allegory4 8,t\* n ! philosoph]'s /one ) y\r h&s10 w>ns ,m>y ! ,jewess1 8y are n ( our race1 y are n ( ! race ( ,abraham40#ijc ,9 a tract conc]n+ ! s]p5t ,ouroboros we read1 8,a s]p5t is /ret*$ out gu>d+ ! temple4 ,let 8 conqu]or beg9 by sacrifice1 !n sk9 him1 & aft] hav+ remov$ 8 fle% to ! v bones1 make a /epp+-/one ( x to ent] ! temple4 ,m\nt ^u x & y w f9d ! object s\ght4 ,= ! prie/1 at fir/ a man ( copp]1 has *ang$ 8 color & nature & become a man ( silv]2 a few days lat]1 if y wi%1 y w f9d him *ang$ into a man ( gold40#ijd ,or 9 ! prep>ation ( ! a=esaid div9e wat] ,o/anes tells u to take ! eggs ( ! s]p5t ( oak :o dwells 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/ 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,olympus1 ,libya1 & ! ,taurus4#ije ,synesius tells t ,democritus 0 initiat$ 9 ,egypt at ! temple ( ,memphis by ,o/anes1 & ,zosimus cites ! in/ruction ( ,o/anes1 8,g t[>ds ! /ream ( ! ,nile2 y'll f9d !re a /one2 cut x 9 two1 put 9 y\r h&1 & take out its he>t1 = its s\l is 9 its he>t40#ijf ,zosimus himself (t5 resorts to symbolic j>gon to obscure 8 mean+1 z 9 ! description ( ! vision ( a prie/ :o 0 torn to pieces & :o mutilat$ himself4#ijg ,he1 too1 p]sonifies ! metals & talks ( a man ( gold1 a t9 man1 & s on4#ijh ,a brief example ( 8 /yle w h to suffice1 z ^! allegories ( ! al*emi/s are insuff]ably t$i\s read+4 8,f9ally ,i _h ! long+ to m\nt ! sev5 /eps & see ! sev5 *a/isem5ts1 & "o day1 z x *anc$1 ,i hit ^u ! pa? up4 ,aft] sev]al attempts ,i trav]s$ ! pa?1 b on my return ,i lo/ my way &1 pr(\ndly disc\rag$1 see+ no way out1 ,i fell asleep4 ,9 my dream ,i saw a little man1 a b>b]1 clo!d 9 purple robe & royal raim5t1 /&+ outside ! place ( puni%m5t1 & he said to me44440#iji ,:5 ,zosimus 0 n dream+ dreams & see+ visions1 he 0 usually cit+ anci5t au?orities4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp]im5tation 9 al*emy3 relation to sci5ce & philosophy4 ,at ! same "t ev5 ^! e>ly al*emi/s _c be d5i$ a c]ta9 sci5tific "*1 or at lea/ a connection ) natural sci5ce4 ,beh9d al*emy exi/$ a con/ant exp]im5tal progress4 8,al*emy10 said ,b]!lot1 8re/$ ^u a c]ta9 mass ( practical facts t 7 kn[n 9 antiquity & t _h to d ) ! prep>ation ( metals1 _! alloys1 & t ( artificial preci\s /ones2 x _h !re an exp]im5tal side :i* did n cease to progress dur+ ! entire m$ieval p]iod until positive mod]n *emi/ry em]g$ f x40#iaj ,! v>i\s treatises ( ! ,greek al*emi/s describe app>atus & exp]im5ts :i* are real b ) :i* !y associat$ results :i* 7 impossible & vision>y4 ,_! !ories ( matt] seem indebt$ to ! e>li] ,greek philosoph]s1 :ile 9 ! description ( nature ,b]!lot not$ a 8direct & intimate0 relation betwe5 !m & ! works ( ,dioscorides1 ,vitruvius1 & ,pl9y4#iaa ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,plut>*',s ,,essays ,!mes ( ensu+ *apt]s--,life ( ,plut>*--,sup]/ition 9 ,plut>*'s ,lives--,8 ,morals or ,essays--,"q ( _! au!nticity--,magic 9 ,plut>*--,essay on ,sup]/ition--,plut>* hospitable t[>d "s sup]/itions--,! oracles ( ,delphi & ( ,trophonius--,div9ation ju/ifi$--,demons z m$iators betwe5 gods & m5--,demons 9 ! moon3 migration ( ! s\l--,demons mortal3 "s evil--,m5 & demons--,relation ( ,plut>*'s to o!r conceptions ( demons--,! a/rolog] ,t>rutius--,de fato--,o!r bits ( a/rology--,cosmic my/icism--,numb] my/icism--,occult virtues 9 nature--,asbe/os--,on ,riv]s & ,m\nta9s--,magic h]bs--,/ones f\nd 9 plants & fi%--,virtues ( o!r /ones--,fasc9ation--,animal sagacity & rem$ies--,!ories & qu]ies ab\t nature--,! ,antipodes4 ,sid5ote3 ,!mes ( ensu+ *apt]s4 ,hav+ not$ ! pres5ce ( magic 9 works s especially devot$ to natural sci5ce z ^? ( ,pl9y1 ,gal51 & ,ptolemy1 we h n[ to illu/rate ! prom95ce bo? ( natural sci5ce & ( magic 9 ! life & ?\ght ( ! ,roman ,empire by a consid]ation ( "s writ]s ( a m miscellane\s "*1 :o %\ld reflect = u some?+ ( ! int]e/s ( ! av]age cultur$ read] ( t "t4 ,( ?is type are ,plut>*1 ,apuleius & ,philo/ratus1 :om we %all consid] 9 ! com+ *apt]s 9 ! ord] nam$1 :i* also r\ghly corresponds to _! *ronological sequ5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,life ( ,plut>*4 ,plut>* fl\ri%$ dur+ ! reigns ( ,trajan & ,hadrian at ! turn ( ! fir/ & second c5turies1 b ,! ,lett] on ! ,education ( a ,pr9ce to ,trajan#iab probably is n by him1 & ! leg5d t ,hadrian 0 8 pupil is a m$ieval inv5tion4 ,he 0 born 9 ,boeotia ab\t #df-dh ,a4 ,d4 & 0 educat$ 9 rhetoric & philosophy1 sci5ce & ma!matics1 at ,a!ns1 :]e he 0 a /ud5t :5 ,n]o visit$ ,greece 9 #ff ,a4 ,d4 ,he also made sev]al visits to ,rome & resid$ !re = "s "t4 ,he held v>i\s public positions 9 ! prov9ce ( ,a*aea & 9 8 small native t[n ( ,*a]onea1 & _h (ficial connections ) ! ,delphic oracle & amphictyony4 ,artemidorus 9 ! ,oneirocriticon /ates t ,plut>*'s dea? 0 =e%ad[$ 9 a dream4#iac ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/ition 9 ,plut>*'s ,lives4 ,) ,plut>*'s celebrat$ ,lives ( ,illu/ri\s ,m51 z ) n>rative hi/ories 9 g5]al1 we %all n be mu* conc]n$1 al?\gh !y ( c\rse ab\nd 9 om5s & port5ts1 9 bits ( pseudo-sci5ce :i* details 9 8 n>rative br+ to ! m9d ( ! biograph]1 & 9 cases ( div9ation & magic4 ,?us !ories are advanc$ to expla9 :y birds dropp$ dead f mid-air at ! %\t set up by ! ,greeks at ! ,i/hmian games :5 ,flam99us proclaim$ _! fre$om4 ,or we are told h[ ,sulla receiv$ f ! ,*aldeans pr$ictions ( 8 future greatness1 h[ 9 ! d$ication to 8 ,memoirs he admoni%$ ,lucullus to tru/ 9 dreams1 & h[ ,lucullus's m9d 0 d]ang$ by a love philt] adm9i/]$ by 8 fre$man 9 ! hope ( increas+ 8 ma/]'s affection t[>ds him4#iad ,su* allusions & incid5ts ab\nd also ( c\rse 9 ,dio ,cassius1 ,tacitus1 & o!r ,roman hi/orians4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 ,morals or ,essays4 ,b we %all be conc]n$ r ) ,plut>*'s o!r writ+s1 :i* are usually gr\p$ toge!r "u ! title ( ,morals1 or1 m appropriately1 ,miscellanies & ,essays4 ,n only is !re great v>iety 9 _! titles1 b 9 any giv5 essay ! att5tion is usually n /rictly held to "o !me or problem b ! discussion div]ges to o!r po9ts4 ,"s are by _! v titles & =m rambl+ dialogues1 symposiacs1 & table-talk1 :]e ! conv]sation lightly flits f "o topic to o!r entirely diff]5t ones1 nev] dwell+ = long ^u any "o po9t & nev] return+ to its />t+-po9t4 ,?is d9n]-table & dr9k+-b\t type ( cultur$ & semi-le>n$ disc\rse has o!r extant anci5t examples su* z ! ,attic ,nights ( ,aulus ,gellius & ! ,deipnosophi/s ( ,a!naeus1 b ,plut>* w h to s]ve z our ma9 illu/ration ( x4 ,8 ,essays reflect 9 motley guise & disord]$ array ! fruits ( ext5sive read+ & a ret5tive memory 9 anci5t philosophy1 sci5ce1 hi/ory1 & lit]ature4 ,sid5ote3 ,"q ( _! au!nticity4 ,! au!nticity ( "s ( ! essays attribut$ to him has be5 que/ion$1 & v likely ) propriety1 b = our purpose x is n important t !y %\ld all be by ! same au?or s long z !y repres5t approximately ! same p]iod & type ( lit]ature4 ,! spuri\s treatise1 ,de placitis philosophorum1 we h already consid]$ 9 ! *apt] on ,gal51 to :om x has also be5 ascrib$4 ,! essay ,on ,riv]s & ,m\nta9s we %all treat by itself 9 ! pres5t *apt]4 ,! ,de fato has also be5 call$ spuri\s4#iae ,sup]/iti\s cont5t is n a suffici5t reason = d5y+ t a treatise is by ,plut>*1#iaf s9ce he is sup]/iti\s 9 writ+s ( und\bt$ g5u95ess & s9ce we h f\nd ! lead+ sci5ti/s ( ! "t unable to exclude sup]/ition f _! works entirely4 ,moreov]1 _m ( ! essays are 9 ! =m ( conv]sations express+ ! div]g5t views ( diff]5t speak]s1 & x is n always possible to tell :i* %ade ( op9ion ,plut>* himself favors4 ,suffice x t ! views express$ are ^? ( m5 ( education4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic 9 ,plut>*4 ,plut>* does n specifically discuss magic "u t "n at any l5g? 9 any ( 8 essays1 b does treat ( su* subjects z sup]/ition 9 g5]al1 dreams1 oracles1 demons1 numb]1 fate1 ! craft9ess ( animals1 & o!r 8natural que/ions40 ,c]ta9 vulg> =ms ( magic1 at lea/1 7 reg>d$ by him ) disapproval or incr$ulity4#iag ,he rejects z a fiction ! /atem5t t ! wom5 ( ,!ssaly c draw d[n ! moon by _! spells1 b ?9ks t ! notion p]haps orig9at$ 9 ! fact or /ory t ,aglaonice1 daught] ( ,hegetor1 0 s skilful 9 a/rology or a/ronomy z to be able to =esee ! occurr5ce ( lun> eclipses1 & t %e delud$ ! p into believ+ t at su* times %e br\ght d[n ! moon f heav5 by *>ms & en*antm5ts4#iah ,?us we h "o m in/ance ( ! union ( magic & sci5ce1 ?is "t ( pseudo-magic ) real sci5ce z at o!r times ( magic ) pseudo-sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,essay on sup]/ition4 ,! essay entitl$ deals ) sup]/ition 9 ! usual ,greek s5se ( dread or excessive fe> ( demons & gods4 ,we are accu/om$ to ?9k ( ,hell5ic paganism z a *e]ful fai?1 full ( naturalism1 9 :i* ! gods 7 humaniz$ & made famili>4 ,plut>* app>5tly reg>ds normal religion z ( ?is sort1 & attacks ! sup]/iti\s dread ( ! sup]natural4 ,he cont5ds t su* fe> is worse1 if any?+1 ?an a!ism1 = x makes m5 m unhappy & is an equal (f5se aga9/ ! div9ity1 s9ce x is at lea/ z bad to believe ill ( ! gods z n to believe 9 !m at all4 ,no?+ inde$ enc\rages ! gr[? ( a!ism s mu* z ! absurd practices & beliefs ( su* sup]/iti\s p]sons1 8_! words & motions1 _! sorc]ies & magics1 _! runn+s to & fro & beat+s ( drums1 _! impure rites & _! purifications1 _! fil?9ess & *a/ity1 _! b>b>ian & illegal *a/isem5ts & abuse40#iai ,plut>* seems to be 9 "p animat$ by ! common prejudice aga9/ all o!r religions ?an "o's own1 & speaks twice ) di/a/e ( ,jewi% ,sabba?s4 ,he also1 h[ev]1 z ! passage j quot$ %[s1 is oppos$ to ! m extreme & debas+ =ms ( magic1 & decl>es t ! sup]/iti\s man becomes a m]e peg or po/ ^u :i* all ! old-wives hang any amulets & ligatures ^u :i* !y may *ance4#ibj ,he fur!r condemns su* hi/oric in/ances ( sup]/ition z ,nicias's susp5sion ( milit>y op]ations dur+ a lun> eclipse on ! ,sicilian exp$ition4#iba ,!re 0 no?+ t]rible1 says ,plut>*1 ) 8 usual felicity ( anti!sis1 9 ! p]iodic recurr5ce ( ! e>?'s %ad[ ^u ! moon2 b x 0 a t]rible calamity t ! %ad[ ( sup]/ition %\ld ?us d>k5 ! m9d ( a g5]al at ! v mom5t :5 a great crisis requir$ ! fulle/ use ( 8 reason4 ,9 ! essay ^u ! demon ( ,socrates "o ( ! speak]s1 attack+ fai? 9 dreams & app>itions1 comm5ds ,socrates z "o :o did n reject ! wor%ip ( ! gods b :o did purify philosophy1 :i* he _h receiv$ f ,py?agoras & ,emp$ocles full ( phantasms & my?s & ! dread ( demons1 & reel+ l a ,bac*anal1 & r$uc$ x to facts & reason & tru?4#ibb ,ano!r ( ! company1 h[ev]1 objects t ! demon ( ,socrates outdid ! div9ation ( ,py?agoras4#ibc ,^! conflict+ op9ions may be appli$ 9 "s measure to ,plut>* himself4 ,8 c5sure ( dread ( demons & excessive sup]/ition is n to be tak5 z a sign ( scepticism on 8 "p 9 oracles1 dreams1 or ! demons !mselves4 ,to ^! matt]s we next turn4 ,sid5ote3 ,! oracles ( ,delphi & ( ,trophonius4 ,plut>*'s fai? & int]e/ 9 oracles 9 g5]al & 9 ! ,delphian oracle ( ,apollo 9 p>ticul> are atte/$ by ?ree ( 8 essays1 ! ,de defectu oraculorum1 ,de ,py?iae oraculis & ,de ,ei apud ,delphos4 ,at ! same "t ^! essays atte/ ! decl9e ( ! oracles f _! e>li] popul>ity & greatness4 ,! oracul> cave ( ,trophonius1 ( :i* we %all he> aga9 9 ! ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 also comes into ,plut>*'s works1 & ! prophetic & apocalyptic vision is describ$ ( a y\? :o sp5t two nights & a day !re 9 an endeavor to le>n ! nature ( ! demon ( ,socrates4#ibd ,sid5ote3 ,div9ation ju/ifi$4 ,plut>* fur!r _h fai? 9 div9ation 9 g5]al1 :e!r by dreams1 sneezes or o!r om5s3 b he attempt$ to give a dignifi$ philosophical & !ological explanation ( x4 ,few m5 receive direct div9e revelation1 9 8 op9ion1 b to _m signs are giv5 on :i* div9ation may be bas$4#ibe ,he held t ! human s\l _h a natural faculty ( div9ation :i* might be ex]cis$ at favorable times & :5 ! bodily /ate 0 n unfavorable4#ibf ,a speak] 9 "o ( 8 dialogues ju/ifies div9ation ev5 f sneezes & l trivial occurr5ces ^u ! gr\nd t z ! fa9t beat ( ! pulse has mean+ = ! physician & a small cl\d 9 ! sky is = a skilful pilot a sign ( imp5d+ /orm1 s ! lea/ ?+ may be a clue to ! truly prophetic s\l4#ibg ,! ext5t ( ,plut>*'s fai? 9 dreams may be inf]r$ f 8 discussion ( ! problem1 ,:y are dreams 9 autumn ! lea/ reliable8#ibh ,fir/ !re is ,ari/otle's sugge/ion t eat+ autumn fruit s di/urbs ! dige/ion t ! s\l is left little opportunity to ex]cise its prophetic faculty undi/ract$4 ,if we accept ! doctr9e ( ,democritus t dreams are caus$ by images f o!r bodies & ev5 m9ds or s\ls1 :i* ent] ! body ( ! sleep] ?r\gh ! op5 pores & affect ! m9d1 reveal+ to x ! pres5t passions & future designs ( o!rs1--if we accept ?is !ory1 x may be t ! fall+ leaves 9 autumn di/urb ! air & ruffle ^! extremely ?9 & film-l emanations4 ,a ?ird explanation (f]$ is t 9 ! decl9+ mon?s ( ! ye> all our faculties1 includ+ t ( natural div9ation1 are 9 a /ate ( decl9e4 ,9 ! case ( oracles l t at ,delphi x is sugge/$ t ! ,py?ia's natural faculty ( div9ation is /imulat$ by 8! prophetical exhalations f ! e>?0 :i* induce a bodily /ate favorable to div9ation4#ibi ,! god or demon1 h[ev]1 is ! und]ly+ & direct+ cause ( ! oracle4#icj ,sid5ote3 ,demons z m$iators betwe5 gods & m54 ,to ! demons & _! relations to ! gods & to m5 we !re=e next come4 ,plut>*'s view is t !y are ess5tial m$iators betwe5 ! gods & m54 ,j z "o :o %\ld remove ! air f betwe5 ! e>? & moon w\ld de/roy ! cont9uity ( ! univ]se1 s ^? :o d5y t !re is a race ( demons break (f all int]c\rse betwe5 gods & m54#ica ,on ! o!r h&1 ! !ory ( demons solves _m d\bts & difficulties4#icb ,:5 & :]e ?is doctr9e orig9at$ is unc]ta91 :e!r among ! magi ab\t ,zoroa/]1 or 9 ,?race ) ,orpheus1 or 9 ,egypt or ,phrygia4 ,plut>* lik5s ! gods to an equilat]al1 ! demons to an isosceles1 & human be+s to a scal5e triangle2 & aga9 comp>es ! gods to sun & />s1 ! demons to ! moon1 & m5 to comets & meteors4#icc ,9 ! y\?'s vision 9 ! cave ( ,trophonius ! moon appe>$ to belong to e>?ly demons1 :ile ^? />s :i* h a regul> motion 7 ! demons ( sages1 & ! w&]+ & fall+ />s ! demons ( m5 :o h yield$ to irrational passions4#icd ,sid5ote3 ,demons 9 ! moon3 migration ( ! s\l4 ,^! sugge/ions t ! moon & ! air betwe5 e>? & moon are ! abode ( ! demons & ?is rem9isc5ce ( ! ,platonic doctr9e ( ! s\l & its migrations receive fur!r confirmation 9 a discussion :e!r ! moon is inhabit$ 9 ! essay1 ,on ! ,face 9 ! ,moon4 ,a /ory is !re told#ice ( a man :o visit$ isl&s five days' sail we/ ( ,brita91 :]e ,saturn is imprison$ & :]e !re are demons s]v+ him4 ,?is man :o acquir$ great skill 9 a/rology dur+ 8 /ay !re /at$ ^u 8 return to ,europe t e s\l aft] leav+ ! human body w&]s = a "t betwe5 e>? & moon1 b f9ally rea*es ! latt] planet1 :]e ! ,elysian fields are locat$1 & !re becomes a demon4#icf ,! demons d n always rema9 9 ! moon1 h[ev]1 b may come to e>? to c>e = oracles or be imprison$ 9 a human body aga9 = "s crime4#icg ,! man :o repeats ! /rang]'s /ory leaves x to 8 he>]s1 h[ev]1 to believe x or n4 ,b ! /ruggle upw>d ( human s\ls to ! e/ate ( demons is aga9 describ$ 9 ! essay on ! demon ( ,socrates1#ich :]e x is expla9$ t ^? s\ls :i* h succe$$ 9 free+ !mselves f all union ) ! fle% become gu>dian demons & help ^? ( _! fell[s :om !y c rea*1 j z m5 on %ore wade out z f> z !y c into ! waves to rescue ^? sea-toss$1 %ip-wreck$ m>9]s :o h succe$$ 9 /ruggl+ almo/ to l&4 ,! s\l is plung$ into ! body1 ! uncorrupt$ m9d or demon rema9s )\t4#ici ,sid5ote3 ,demons mortal3 "s evil4 ,! demons diff] f ! gods 9 t !y are mortal1 ?\gh mu* long]-liv$ ?an m54 ,hesiod said t cr[s live n9e times z long z m51 /ags f\r times z long z cr[s1 rav5s ?ree times z long z /ags1 a pho5ix n9e times z long z a rav51 & ! nymphs t5 times z long z ! pho5ix4#idj ,!re are /orms 9 ! isles (f ,brita9 :5ev] "o ( ! demons resid+ !re dies4#ida ,"s demons are good spirits & o!rs are evil2 "s are m passive & irrational ?an o!rs2 "s delight 9 gloomy fe/ivals1 f\l words1 & ev5 human sacrifice4#idb ,sid5ote3 ,m5 & demons4 ,once a ye> 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,r$ ,sea a man is se5 :o sp5ds ! rema9d] ( 8 "t among 8nymphs1 nomads & demons40#idc ,at 8 annual appe>ance _m pr9ces & great m5 come to consult him conc]n+ ! future4 ,he also has ! gift ( tongues to ! ext5t ( und]/&+ sev]al languages p]fectly4 ,8 spee* is l sweete/ music1 8 brea? sweet & fragrant1 8 p]son ! mo/ graceful t 8 int]locutor _h ev] se54 ,he also 0 nev] afflict$ ) any disease1 = once a mon? he ate ! bitt] fruit ( a m$ic9al h]b4 ,z to ! exact nature ( ,socrates' demon !re is "s div]sity ( op9ion4 ,"o man sugge/s t x 0 m]ely ! sneez+ ( himself or o!rs1 sneezes on ! left h& w>n+ him to desi/ f 8 int5d$ c\rse ( action1 :ile a sneeze 9 any o!r qu>t] 0 int]pret$ by him z a favorable sign4#idd ,! weight ( op9ion1 h[ev]1 incl9es t[>ds ! view t 8 demon did n appe> to him z an app>ition or phantasm1 or ev5 communicate ) him z an audible voice1 b by imm$iate impression ^u 8 m9d4#ide ,sid5ote3 ,relation ( ,plut>*'s to o!r conceptions ( demons4 ,plut>*'s acc\nt ( demons is ! fir/ ( a numb] :i* we %all h occasion to note4 ,z ! discussion ( !m by ,apuleius 9 ! next *apt] & ! r crude repres5tation ( !m giv5 9 ,philo/ratus's ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana w %[1 !re 0 z yet among non-,*ri/ian writ]s no unanimity ( op9ion conc]n+ demons4 ,on ! o!r h& !re are sev]al conceptions 9 ,plut>*'s essays :i* 7 to be cont9u$ lat] by ,*ri/ians & ,neo-,platoni/s3 namely1 ! conception ( a m$iate class ( be+s betwe5 ,god & m51 ! hypo!sis ( a _w ( spirits 9 close t\* ) human life1 ! association ( div9ation & oracles ) demons1 & ! location ( spirits 9 ! sph]e ( ! moon or ! air betwe5 e>? & moon1--al?\gh ,plut>* sometimes connect$ demons ) ! />s above ! moon4 ,?is occasional association ( />s ) spirits & ( s9n+ s\ls ) fall+ />s be>s "s resemblance to ! depiction ( c]ta9 />s z s9n]s 9 ! ,hebraic ,book ( ,eno*1 :i* 0 writt5 be=e ,plut>*'s "t & :i* we %all consid] 9 our next book z an influ5ce ^u ! developm5t ( e>ly ,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,sid5ote3 ,! a/rolog] ,t>rutius4 ,z = ! />s ap>t f demons1 ,plut>* discusses ! art ( a/rology z little z he does 8magic0 by t "n4 ,m5tions ( individuals z skill$ 9 8a/rology0 may simply mean t !y 7 tra9$ a/ronom]s4 ,:5 a v]itable a/rolog] 9 our s5se ( ! ^w is m5tion$ 9 "o ( ,plut>*'s ,lives1#idf he is describ$ z a --a ^w (t5 us$ = a ca/] ( horoscopes & pr$ict] ( ! future4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 x c>ries no reproa* ( *>latanism1 s9ce 9 ! same phrase he is call$ a philosoph]4 ,?is ,t>rutius 0 a fri5d ( ,v>ro1 :o ask$ him to "w out ! horoscope ( ,romulus backw>d f :at 0 kn[n ( ! lat] life & "* ( ! f\nd] ( ,rome4 8,= x 0 possible = ! same sci5ce :i* pr$ict$ man's life f ! "t ( 8 bir? to inf] ! "t ( 8 bir? f ! ev5ts ( 8 life40 ,t>rutius set to "w & f ! data at 8 disposal figur$ out t ,romulus 0 conceiv$ 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! second ,olympiad1 on ! tw5ty-?ird day ( ! ,egyptian mon? ,khoeak at ! ?ird h\r :5 !re 0 a total eclipse ( ! sun2 & t he 0 born on ! tw5ty-fir/ day ( ! mon? ,?o? ab\t sunrise4 ,he fur!r e/imat$ t ,rome 0 f\nd$ by him on ! n9? day ( ! mon? ,ph>mu?i betwe5 ! second & ?ird h\r4 ,=1 adds ,plut>*1 !y ?9k t ! =tunes ( cities are also controll$ by ! h\r ( _! g5esis4 ,plut>*1 h[ev]1 seems to look ^u su* doctr9es z r /range & fabul\s4#idg ,v>ro1 on ! o!r h&1 may h reg>d$ x z ! mo/ sci5tific me?od possible ( settl+ disput$ que/ions ( hi/orical *ronology ,sid5ote3 ,! ,de fato4 ,a favorable attitude t[>ds a/rology is f\nd ma9ly 9 ^? essays by ,plut>* :i* are suspect$ ( be+ spuri\s1 ! ,de fato & ,de placitis philosophorum4 ,( ! latt] we h already treat$ "u ,gal54 ,9 ! =m] fate is describ$ z 8! s\l ( ! univ]se10 & ! ?ree ma9 divisions ( ! univ]se1 namely1 ! immovable heav51 ! mov+ sph]es & heav5ly bodies1 & ! region ab\t ! e>?1 are associat$ ) ! ?ree ,fates1 ,clo?o1 ,atropos1 & ,la*esis4#idh ,x is simil>ly /at$ 9 ! essay on ! demon ( ,socrates#idi t ( ! f\r pr9ciples ( all ?+s1 life1 motion1 g5esis or g5]ation1 & corruption1 ! fir/ two are jo9$ by ! ,"o indivisibly1 ! second & ?ird ,m9d unites ?r\gh ! sun2 ! ?ird & f\r? ,nature jo9s ?r\gh ! moon4 ,& ov] ea* ( ^! ?ree bonds presides "o ( ! ?ree ,fates1 ,atropos1 ,clo?o1 & ,la*esis4 ,9 o!r words1 ! "o ,god or fir/ cause1 invisible & unmov$1 9 :om is life1 sets 9 motion ! heav5ly sph]es & bodies1 ?r\gh ^: in/rum5tality g5]ation & corruption ^u e>? are produc$ & regulat$1--:i* is sub/antially ! ,ari/otelian view ( ! univ]se4 ,return+ to ! ,de fato we may note t x repeats ! ,/oic !ory ( ! magnus annus :5 ! heav5ly bodies resume _! r\nds & all hi/ory repeats itself4#iej ,despite ?is app>5t admission t human life is subject to ! movem5ts ( ! />s1 ! au?or ( ! ,de fato seems to ?9k t accid5t1 =tune or *ance1 ! cont+5t1 & 8:at is 9 u0 or free-w1 c all co-exi/ ) fate1 :i* he practically id5tifies ) ! motion ( ! heav5ly bodies4#iea ,fate is also compreh5d$ by div9e ,provid5ce b ?is fact does n militate aga9/ a/rology1 s9ce ,provid5ce itself divides into t ( ! fir/ ,god1 t ( ! second>y gods or />s 8:o move ?r\gh ! heav5s regulat+ mortal affairs1 & t ( ! demons :o act z gu>dians ( m540#ieb ,sid5ote3 ,o!r bits ( a/rology4 ,"o or two bits ( a/rology may be not$ 9 ,plut>*'s o!r essays4 ,! man :o le>n$ 8a/rology0 among demons 9 ! isle beyond ,brita9 affirm$ t 9 human g5]ation e>? supplies ! body1 ! moon furni%es ! s\l1 & ! sun provides ! intellect4#iec ,9 ! ,symposiacs#ied ! op9ion ( ! my?ograph]s is repeat$ t mon/r\s animals 7 produc$ dur+ ! w> ) ! giants because ! moon turn$ f its c\rse !n & rose 9 unaccu/om$ qu>t]s4 ,plut>* 01 by ! way1 incl9$ to di/+ui% ! moon f o!r heav5ly bodies z passive & imp]fect1 a sort ( cele/ial e>? or t]re/rial />4 ,su* a sep>ation ( ! moon f ! o!r />s & planets w\ld h1 h[ev]1 no necess>y contr>iety ) a/rological !ory1 :i* usually ascrib$ a peculi> place to ! moon & repres5t$ x z ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! m di/ant planets ex]t$ _! effects ^u ! e>?4 ,sid5ote3 ,cosmic my/icism4 ,sometimes ,plut>*'s cosmology c>ries ,platonism to ! v]ge ( ,gno/icism1 a subject ( :i* we %all treat 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,! div9] :o _h commun$ ) demons1 nomads1 & nymphs 9 ! des]t ass]t$ t !re 0 n "o _w1 b "o hundr$ & eighty-?ree worlds arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a triangle ) sixty to ea* side & "o at ea* angle4 ,)9 ?is triangle ( worlds lay ! pla9 ( tru? :]e 7 ! ideas & models ( all ?+s t _h be5 or 7 to be1 & ab\t ^! 0 et]nity f :i* "t fl[$ (f l a riv] to ! "o hundr$ & eighty-?ree worlds4 ,! vision delectable ( ^? ideas is grant$ to m5 only once 9 a myriad ( ye>s1 if !y live well1 & is ! goal t[>d :i* all philosophy /rives4 ,! /rang]1 we are in=m$1 told ?is tale artlessly1 l "o 9 ! my/]ies1 & produc$ no demon/ration or pro( ( :at he said4 ,we h already he>d ,plut>* lik5 gods1 demons1 & m5 to diff]5t k9ds ( triangles2 he also repeats ,plato's association ( ! five regul> solids ) ! elem5ts1 e>?1 air1 fire1 wat]1 & e!r4#iee ,he /ates t ! nature ( fire is q app>5t 9 ! pyramid f 8! sl5d]ness ( its decreas+ sides & ! %>pness ( its angles10#ief & t fire is eng5d]$ f air :5 ! octah$ron is dissolv$ into pyramids1 & air produc$ f fire :5 ! pyramids are compress$ into an octah$ron4#ieg ,sid5ote3 ,numb] my/icism4 ,^! geometrical fancies are naturally accompani$ by consid]able numb] my/icism4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> passage ! m]its ( ! numb] five are enl>g$ ^u & a long li/ is giv5 ( ?+s t are five 9 numb]4#ieh ,five is aga9 extoll$ 9 ! essay on ,! ,ei at ,delphi1#iei b !re "o ( ! company rem>ks ) mu* reason t x is possible to praise any numb] 9 _m ways1 b t he pref]s to five 8! sacr$ sev5 ( ,apollo40#ifj ,platonic geometrical rev]ies & ,py?agorean numb] my/icism are indulg$ 9 ev5 m ext5sively 9 ! essay ,on ! ,procreation ( ! ,s\l 9 ,timaeus4 ,! numb] & proportion exi/+ 9 planets1 />s & sph]es are t\*$ on1#ifa & x is /at$ t ! div9e demiurge produc$ ! m>vel\s virtues ( drugs & organs by employ+ h>monies & numb]s4#ifb ,?us 9 ! pot5cy ( numb] & num]ical relations is sugge/$ a possible explanation ( a/rology & magic =ce 9 nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,occult virtues 9 nature4 ,plut>*1 inde$1 %[s ! same fai? 9 ! exi/5ce ( occult virtues 9 natural objects & 9 :at may be call$ natural magic z mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,at 8 symposium :5 "o man av]s t he saw ! t9y fi% e*5es /op ! %ip ^u :i* he 0 sail+ until ! look\t man pick$ x (f1#ifc "s laugh at 8 cr$ulity b o!rs n>rate o!r cases ( /range antipa?ies 9 nature4 ,mad elephants are quiet$ by ! sight ( a ram2 vip]s w n move if t\*$ ) a leaf f a bee* tree2 wild bulls become tame :5 ti$ to a fig tree2#ifd if light objects are oil$1 amb] fails to attract !m z usual2 & iron rubb$ ) g>lic does n respond to ! magnet4 8,^! ?+s are prov$ by exp]i5ce b x is difficult if n q impossible to le>n _! cause40 ,at ! ,symposium#ife ! "q also is rais$ :y salt is call$ div9e1 & x is sugge/$ t x may be because x pres]ves bodies f decay aft] ! s\l has left !m1 or because mice conceive )\t sexual int]c\rse by m]ely lick+ salt4 ,9 ,! ,delay ( ! ,deity ,plut>* aga9 treats ( occult virtues4#iff ,!y pass f body to body ) incr$ible swiftness or to an incr$ible di/ance4 ,he wond]s :y x is t if a goat takes a piece ( sea-holly 9 h] m\?1 ! entire h]d w /& /ill until ! goa!rd removes x4 ,we see once m h[ closely su* notions are associat$ ) magical practices1 :5 9 ! same p>agraph he m5tions ! cu/om ( mak+ ! *ildr5 ( ^? :o h di$ ( consumption or dropsy sit soak+ _! feet 9 wat] until ! corpse has be5 buri$ s t !y may n cat* _! p>5t's disease4 ,sid5ote3 ,asbe/os4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ difficult x mu/ h be5 ) ! limit$ sci5tific k ( t "t to di/+ui% true f false m>vel\s prop]ties may be inf]r$ f ,plut>*'s description#ifg ( a c]ta9 s(t & pliable /one t us$ to be produc$ at ,c>y/us & f :i* h&k]*iefs & hair-nets 7 made :i* c\ld n be burnt & 7 clean$ by exposure to fire1--a description1 x w\ld seem1 ( our asbe/os1 al?\gh ,plut>* does n give ! /one any "n4 ,/rabo also ascribes simil> prop]ties to a /one f ,c>y/us )\t nam+ x4#ifh ,dioscorides & o!r ,greek au?ors1 we are told1#ifi apply ! ^w 8asbe/os0 to quick-lime1 b ,pl9y 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory#igj describes :at he says ! ,greeks call mu* z ,plut>* does4 ,he adds t x is employ$ 9 mak+ %r\ds = royal fun]als to sep>ate ! a%es ( ! corpse f ^? ( ! pyre4#iga ,b he seems to reg>d x z a plant1 n a /one1 li/+ x z a v>iety ( l95 9 "o ( 8 books on vegetation4 ,he also /ates incorrectly t x is f\nd b r>ely & 9 des]t & arid regions ( ,india :]e !re is no ra9 & a hot sun & amid t]rible s]p5ts#igb4 ,probably ,pl9y or 8 s\rce argu$ t any?+ :i* resi/$ ! action ( fire mu/ h be5 inur$ by gr[? "u fi]y suns & among s]p5ts4 ,fur!rmore x obvi\sly %\ld possess o!r m>vel\s prop]ties1 s we are n surpris$ to f9d ,anaxilaus cit$ to ! effect t if ?is 8l950 is ti$ ar\nd a tree trunk1 ! bl[s ) :i* ! tree is fell$ _c be he>d4 ,x 0 ?us t imag9ations inur$ to magic enl>g$ ^u unusual natural prop]ties4 ,sid5ote3 ,on riv]s & m\nta9s4 ,a treatise ^u riv]s & m\nta9s 9 :i* ! m>vel\s virtues ( h]bs & /ones figure v prom95tly has sometimes be5 includ$ among ! works ( ,plut>*1 b also has be5 omitt$ entirely f "s editions4#igc ,"s h ascrib$ x to ,p>!nius ( ! "t ( ,n]o4 ,x is made up ( "s ?irty-five *apt]s 9 ea* ( :i* a riv] & a m\nta9 are m5tion$4 ,usually "s my? or tragic hi/ory is rec\nt$1 f :i* ! riv] took its "n or ) :i* x 0 o!rwise intimately connect$4 ,a simil> proc$ure is foll[$ 9 ! case ( ! m\nta94 ,! writ]1 :oev] he may be1 makes a %[ ( ext5sive read+1 cit+ ov] =ty au?orities1 mo/ ( :om are ,greek & n m5tion$ 9 ! full bibliographies ( ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,! titles cit$ h to d l>gely ) /ones1 riv]s1 & diff]5t c\ntries4 ,x has be5 que/ion$1 h[ev]1 :e!r ^! citations are n bogus4#igd ,sid5ote3 ,magic h]bs4 ,! prop]ties attribut$ to h]bs & /ones 9 ?is treatise are to a l>ge ext5t magical4 ,a :ite re$ f\nd 9 ! riv] ,phasis :ile "o is sacrific+ at dawn to ,hecate1 if /rewn 9 a wife's b$room1 drives mad any adult]] :o ent]s & makes him confess 8 s94#ige ,ano!r h]b m5tion$ 9 ! same *apt] 0 us$ by ,m$ea to protect ,jason f h] fa!r4 ,9 a lat] *apt]#igf we are told h[ ,h]a call$ ^u ,sel5e to aid h] 9 secur+ h] rev5ge ^u ,h]acles1 & h[ ! moon goddess fill$ a l>ge *e/ ) fro? & foam by h] magic spells until pres5tly a huge lion leap$ out ( ! *e/4 ,return+ f su* sorc]esses z ,hecate1 ,m$ea1 & ,sel5e to h]bs alone1 9 o!r riv]s are plants :i* te/ ! purity ( gold1 aid dim sight or bl9d "o1 )] at ! m5tion ( ! ^w 8/ep-"m0 or bur/ into flames :5ev] a /ep-"m has evil designs aga9/ h] /ep-son1 free _! be>]s f fe> ( app>itions1 op]ate z *>ms 9 love-mak+ & *ildbir?1 cure madm5 ( _! fr5zy1 *eck qu>tan agues if appli$ to ! brea/s1 protect virg9ity or )] at a virg9's t\*1 turn w9e into wat] except t x reta9s its b\quet1 or pres]ve p]sons ano9t$ ) _! juice f sickness to _! dy+ day4 ,sid5ote3 ,/ones f\nd 9 plants & fi%4 ,an easy transition f ! !me ( magic h]bs to t ( /ones is af=d$ by a sort ( poppy :i* gr[s 9 a riv] ( ,mysia & be>s black1 h>p-%ap$ /ones :i* ! natives ga!r & scatt] ov] _! pl\gh$ fields4#igg ,if ^! /ones !n lie /ill :]e !y h fall51 x is tak5 z a sign ( a b>r5 ye>2 b if !y fly away l locu/s1 ?is progno/icates a pl5tiful h>ve/4 ,o!r m>vel\s /ones are f\nd 9 ! head ( a fi% 9 ! riv] ,ar>1 a tribut>y ( ! ,rhone4 ,! fi% is itself q wond]ful s9ce x is :ite :ile ! moon waxes & black :5 x wanes4#igh ,presumably = ?is reason ! /one cures qu>tan agues1 if appli$ to ! left side ( ! body :ile ! moon is wan+4 ,!re is ano!r /one :i* mu/ be s\ght aft] "u a wax+ moon ) pip]s play+ cont9ually4#igi ,sid5ote3 ,virtues ( o!r /ones4 ,o!r /ones gu>d treasuries by s\nd+ a trumpet-l al>m at ! approa* ( ?ieves2 or *ange color f\r times a day & are ord9>ily visible only to "y girls4 ,b if a virg9 ( m>riageable age *ances to see ?is /one1 %e is safe f attempts ^u h] *a/ity h5ce=?4#ihj ,"s /ones drive m5 mad & are connect$ ) ! ,"m ( ! ,gods or are f\nd only dur+ ! celebration ( ! my/]ies4#iha ,o!rs /op dogs f b>k+1 expel demons1 gr[ black 9 ! h&s ( false witnesses1 protect f wild bea/s1 & h v>i$ m$ic9al p[]s or o!r effects simil> to ^? already m5tion$ 9 ! case ( h]bs4#ihb ,9 a riv] :]e ! ,sp>tans 7 defeat$ is a /one :i* leaps t[>ds ! bank1 if x he>s a trumpet1 b s9ks at ! m5tion ( ! ,a!nians4#ihc ,c]ta9ly a m>vel\s /one1 capable ( bo? he>+ & motion6 ,sid5ote3 ,fasc9ation4 ,leav+ ! treatise on riv]s & m\nta9s1 = ! occult virtue ( human be+s we may turn to a discussion ( fasc9ation 9 ! ,symposiacs4#ihd ,"s ( ! company ridicul$ ! idea1 b _! ho/ ass]t$ t a myriad ( ev5ts w5t to prove x & t if y reject a ?+ simply because y _c give a reason = x1 y 8take away ! m>vel\s f all ?+s40 ,he po9t$ out t "s m5 hurt little & t5d] *ildr5 by look+ at !m1 & argu$ t1 z ! plumes ( o!r birds are ru9$ :5 mix$ ) ^? ( ! eagle1 s m5 may injure by _! t\* or m]e glance4 ,plut>*1 :o 0 ( ! company1 sugge/$ effluvia or emanations f ! body z a possible explanation1 po9t+ out t love beg9s ) glances1 t no disease is m contagi\s ?an sore eyes1 & t gaz+ ^u ! curlew cures jaundice4 ,! bird appe>s to attract ! disease to itself1 & av]ts its head & closes its eyes1 n1 z "s ?9k1 because x is jeal\s ( ! rem$y s\ght f x1 b because x feels w\nd$ z if f a bl[4 ,o!rs ( ! company cont5d$ t ! passions & affections ( ! s\l may h a p[]ful effect ?r\gh ! eyes & glance ^u o!r p]sons1 & argu$ t ! suff]+s ( ! s\l /r5g!n ! p[]s ( ! body1 & t ! same c\nt]-*>ms are efficaci\s aga9/ envy z aga9/ fasc9ation4 ,! emanations :i* ,democritus believ$ t envi\s & malici\s p]sons s5t =? are also m5tion$2 fa!rs h fasc9at$ _! own *ildr51 & x is ev5 possible t "o might injure oneself by reflection ( "o's gaze4 ,x is sugge/$ t "y *ildr5 may sometimes be fasc9at$ 9 ?is mann] r ?an by ! glance ( o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,animal sagacity & rem$ies4 ,plut>* devotes two essays to ! famili> !me ( ! craft9ess & sagacity ( animals & ! rem$ies us$ by !m4 ,9 "o essay#ihe a companion ( ,odysseus refuses to all[ ,circe to turn him back f a pig to human =m4 ,he boa/s among o!r ?+s t bea/s "k h[ to cure !mselves4 ,)\t ev] hav+ be5 taught sw9e :5 sick run to riv]s to se>* = craw-fi%2 tortoises physic !mselves ) origanum aft] eat+ vip]s2 & ,cretan goats dev\r dittany to extract arr[s & d>ts :i* h be5 %ot into _! bodies4 ,9 ! o!r essay#ihf on ! clev]ness ( animals we f9d _m famili> /ories repeat$1 includ+ "s ( ! inevitable exc]pts f ,juba on elephants4 ,we meet aga9 ! dolph9s ) _! love = mank9d1#ihg ! bird :o picks ! crocodile's tee? & w>ns him ( ! i*neumon1#ihh ! fi% :o rescue "o ano!r by bit+ ! l9e or dragg+ "o ano!r by ! tail out ( nets1#ihi ! tra9$ elephant :o 0 sl[ to le>n & 0 beat5 = x & 0 aft]w>ds se5 practic+ 8 ex]cises by himself 9 ! moonlight1#iij ! s5t9el cranes :o /& on "o foot & hold a /one 9 ! o!r to awak5 !m if !y let x drop4#iia ,m novel p]haps is ! /ory h[ h]ons op5 oy/]s by fir/ swall[+ !m1 %ells & all1 until !y are relax$ by ! int]nal heat ( ! bird1 :i* !n vomits !m up & eats !m out ( ! %ells4 ,or ! acc\nt ( ! tunny fi% :o ne$s no a/rological canons & is famili> ) ari?metic1 8,yes1 by ,zeus1 & ) optics1 too40#iib ,sid5ote3 ,!ories & qu]ies ab\t nature4 ,plut>*'s essays br+ out yet o!r int]e/s & defects ( ! sci5ce ( ! "t4 ,"o on ,! ,pr9ciple ( ,cold is a good illu/ration ( ! fail+s ( ! anci5t hypo!sis ( f\r elem5ts & f\r qualities & ( ! silly1 limit$ argu+ :i* usually & almo/ ( necessity accompani$ x4 ,he d5ies t cold is m]e privation ( heat1 s9ce x seems to act positively ^u fluids & solids & exi/s 9 diff]5t degrees4 ,aft] consid]+ v>i\s ass]tions su* z t air becomes cold :5 x becomes d>k2 t air :it5s ?+s & wat] black5s !m2 t cold objects are always heavy2 he f9ally associates ! elem5t e>? especially ) ! quality cold4 ,9 ano!r essay#iic he /ates t !re are no females ( a c]ta9 type ( beetle :i* 0 engrav$ z a *>m ^u ! r+s w>riors wore to battle1 b t ! males begat (fspr+ by roll+ up balls ( e>?4 ,he decl>es t 8diseases d n h di/9ct g]ms0 9 a discussion 9 ! ,symposiacs :e!r !re c be new diseases4#iid ,o!r natural que/ions discuss$ 9 ! treatise ( t "n & ! ,symposiacs are3 ,:y a man :o (t5 passes ne> dewy trees contracts leprosy 9 ^? limbs :i* t\* ! wood8 ,:y ! ,dorians pray = bad hay-mak+8 ,:y be>s' paws are ! sweete/ & mo/ palatable food8 ,:y ! tracks ( wild bea/s smell worse at ! full ( ! moon8 ,:y bees are m apt to /+ =nicators ?an o!r p]sons8#iie ,:y ! fle% ( %eep bitt5 by wolves is sweet] ?an t ( o!r %eep8 ,:y mu%rooms are ?\ght to be produc$ by ?und]8 ,:y fle% decays soon] 9 moonlight ?an sunlight8 ,:e!r ,jews ab/a9 f pork because !y wor%ip ! pig or because !y h an antipa?y t[>ds x8#iif ,sid5ote3 ,! ,antipodes4 ,plut>* sometimes %[s evid5ce ( consid]able a/ronomical k4 ,= in/ance1 he kn[s t ! ma!maticians figure t ! di/ance f sun to e>? is imm5se1 & t ,ari/>*us demon/rat$ ! sun to be eighte5 or tw5ty times z f> (f z ! moon1 :i* is di/ant fifty-six times ! e>?'s radius at ! l[e/ e/imate4#iig ,yet 9 ! same essay#iih ,plut>* has sc(f$ at ! idea ( a sph]ical e>? & ( antipodes1 & at ! ass]tion t b>s weigh+ a ?\s& tal5ts w\ld /op fall+ at ! e>?'s c5t]1 if a hole 7 op5$ up ?r\gh ! e>?1 or t two m5 ) _! feet 9 opposite directions at ! c5t] ( ! e>? might nev]!less bo? be "r side up1 or t "o man ^: middle 0 at ! c5t] might be half "r side up & half upside d[n4 ,he admits1 h[ev]1 t ! philosoph]s ?9k s4 ,?us we see t ,*ri/ian fa!rs l ,lactantius 7 n ! fir/ to ridicule ! notion ( ! ,antipodes2 app>5tly z well educat$ & omnivor\s a pagan read] z ,plut>* c\ld d ! same4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,apuleius ,,( ,,madaura ,i4 ,life & ,works ,magic & ! man--,/yli/ic reasons = reg>d+ ! ,metamorphoses z 8 fir/ "w--,biographical reasons--,no m5tion ( ! ,metamorphoses 9 ! ,apology4 ,,ii4 ,magic 9 ! ,metamorphoses ,p[]s claim$ = magic--,its actual p]=mances--,its limitations--,! crimes ( wit*es--,male magicians--,magic z an art & discipl9e--,mat]ials employ$--,incantations & rites--,quacks & *>latans--,v>i\s sup]/itions--,bits ( sci5ce & religion--,magic 9 o!r ,greek romances4 ,,iii4 ,magic 9 ! ,apology ,=m ( ! ,apologia--,philosophy & magic--,magic def9$--,good & bad magic--,magic & religion--,magic & sci5ce--,m$ical & sci5tific k ( ,apuleius--,he repeats famili> errors--,app>5t ignorance ( magic & occult virtue--,despite an assumption ( k--,attitude t[>d a/ronomy--,8 !ory ( demons--,apuleius 9 ! middle ages4 ,i4 ,8 ,life & ,works ,sid5ote3 ,magic & ! man z reflect$ 9 8 works4 ,"o ( ! fulle/ & mo/ vivid pictures ( magic 9 ! anci5t ,m$it]ranean _w :i* has rea*$ u is provid$ by ! writ+s ( ,apuleius4 ,he liv$ 9 ! second c5tury ( our era & 0 n m]ely a rhetorician ( great note 9 8 day & ! writ] ( a romance :i* has ev] s9ce fasc9at$ m51 b also a ,platonic philosoph]1 an initiate into _m religi\s cults & my/]ies1 & a /ud5t ( natural sci5ce & m$ic9e4 ,to him has be5 ascrib$ ! ,lat9 v]sion ( ,asclepius1 a supposititi\s dialogue ( ,h]mes ,trismegi/us4 ,no au?or p]haps ev] m readily & complac5tly talk$ ( himself ?an ,apuleius1 yet x is no easy task to make out ! precise facts ( 8 life1 p>tly because 9 8 romance1 ,! ,metamorphoses1 or ,! ,gold5 ,ass1 he has hopelessly confus$ himself ) ! h]o ,lucius & introduc$ an autobiographical elem5t ( unc]ta9 ext5t into :at is 9 ! ma9 a "w ( fiction2 p>tly because 8 ,apology1 or def5se :5 tri$ on ! *>ge ( magic at ,oea 9 ,africa1 is m 9 ! nature ( special plead+ int5d$ to refute & conf\nd 8 accus]s ?an ( a frank confession or accurate hi/ory ( 8 c>e]4 ,h[ev]1 he appe>s to h be5 born at ,madaura 9 ,nor? ,africa1 to h /udi$ fir/ at ,c>?age & !n at ,a!ns1 to h visit$ ,rome & w&]$ r widely ab\t ! ,m$it]ranean _w1 b to h sp5t m "t altoge!r at ,c>?age ?an at any o!r "o place4 ,sid5ote3 ,/yli/ic reasons = reg>d+ ! ,metamorphoses z 8 fir/ "w4 ,besides ! ,metamorphoses & ,apologia1 ) :i* we %all be *iefly conc]n$1 f\r o!r works are extant :i* are reg>d$ z g5u9e1 ,! ,god ( ,socrates1 ,! ,dogma ( ,plato1 ,florida1 & ,on ! ,univ]se4 ,! ord] 9 :i* ^! works 7 writt5 is unc]ta91 b x seems almo/ sure t ! ,metamorphoses 0 ! fir/4 ,9 x ,apuleius n only m or less id5tifies himself ) ! h]o ,lucius1 :o is repres5t$ z q a "y man1 he also apologizes = 8 ,lat9 & speaks ( ! difficulty ) :i* he _h acquir$ t language at ,rome4 ,b 9 ! ,florida#iii we f9d him repeat+ a hymn & a dialogue 9 bo? ,lat9 & ,greek1 or1 aft] deliv]+ half an address 9 ,greek1 f9i%+ x 9 ,lat91 or boa/+ t he writes poems1 satires1 riddles1 hi/ories1 sci5tific treatises1 orations1 & philosophical dialogues ) equal facility 9 ei!r language4#ajjj ,in/ead n[ ( crav+ p>don if he (f5ds by 8 rude1 exotic1 & =5sic spee*1 he feels t 8 reputation = lit]>y ref9em5t & elegance has become su* t 8 audi5ce w n p>don him a solit>y solecism or a s+le syllable pron\nc$ ) a b>b>\s acc5t4#ajja ,x !re=e looks z if ! ,metamorphoses 0 8 fir/ publi%$ ef=t 9 ,lat9 & z if 8 peculi> /yle _h prov$ s popul> t he did n f9d x necess>y to apologize = x aga94 ,9 ! ,apology he seems supremely confid5t ( 8 rhetorical p[]s 9 ! ,lat9 language1 & ev5 ! accus]s describe him z a philosoph] ( great eloqu5ce bo? 9 ,greek & ,lat94#ajjb ,?ree ye>s be=e 9 ! same t[n 8 fir/ public disc\rse _h be5 greet$ ) %\ts ( 8,insignit]10 & _m 9 ! audi5ce at ! "t ( 8 trial c /ill repeat a passage f x on ! greatness ( ,aesculapius4#ajjc ,9 ! ,apology1 too1 he displays a m ext5sive le>n+ ?an 9 ! ,metamorphoses & has writt5 already poems & sci5tific treatises z well z orations4 ,inde$1 practically all ! doctr9es set =? 9 8 o!r philosophical works may be f\nd 9 brief 9 ! ,apology4 ,sid5ote3 ,biographical reasons4 ,moreov]1 :ile 9 ! ,metamorphoses ,apuleius ends ! n>rative ) :at seems to be 8 own comp>atively rec5t initiation into ! my/]ies ( ,isis 9 ,greece & ( ,osiris at ,rome1 9 ! ,apology#ajjd he speaks ( hav+ be5 initiat$ 9 ! pa/ into all sorts ( sacr$ rites1 al?\gh he does n m5tion ,rome or ,isis & ,osiris specifically4 ,x is impli$1 h[ev]1 t he has be5 at ,rome 9 m ?an "o passage ( ! ,apology4 ,pontianus1 8 future /ep-son1 ) :om ,apuleius _h become acqua9t$ at ,a!ns 8n s _m ye>s ago10 0 8an adult at ,rome0 be=e ,apuleius came to ,oea4 ,aft] !y _h met aga9 at ,oea & _h bo? m>ri$ !re1 ,apuleius gave ,pontianus a lett] ( introduction to ! proconsul ,lollianus ,avitus at ,c>?age1 ( :om he says1 8,i h kn[n intimately _m cultur$ m5 ( ,roman "n 9 ! c\rse ( my life1 b h nev] admir$ anyone z mu* z him40 ,p]haps ,apuleius may h met ,lollianus at ,c>?age1 b 9 ! ,florida1#ajje 9 a panegyric on ,scipio ,orfitus1 proconsul ( ,africa 9 #afc-afd ,a4 ,d41 he alludes to ! "t 8:5 ,i mov$ among y\r fri5ds 9 ,rome40 ,all ?is fits 9 nicely ) ! /atem5ts 9 ! clos+ *apt]s ( ! ,metamorphoses conc]n+ 8 ris+ fame z an orator 9 ! c\rts ( law & 8! labori\s doctr9e ( my /udies0 at ,rome4 ,we may !re=e recon/ruct ! c\rse ( ev5ts z foll[s4 ,aft] meet+ ,pontianus at ,a!ns & conclud+ 8 /udies 9 ,greece1 ,apuleius came to ,rome1 :]e he rema9$ = "s "t1 p]fect+ 8 ,lat9 /yle1 engag+ 9 =5sic oratory1 & publi%+ ! ,metamorphoses4 ,pontianus1 :o 0 y\ng] ?an ,apuleius1 ei!r accompani$ or foll[$ 8 fri5d to ,rome1 9 :i* city he 0 /ill resid+ aft] ,apuleius _h return$ to ,africa4 ,b ,pontianus1 too1 _h left ,rome & come back to 8 ,african city ( ,oea to settle ! "q ( 8 "m's propos$ second m>riage1 be=e ,apuleius1 :o _h probably revisit$ ,c>?age 9 ! meantime & 0 n[ travel+ ea/ aga9 ) ! int5tion ( visit+ ,alex&ria1 arriv$ at ,oea & 0 induc$ to w$ ! wid[1 :o 0 consid]ably old] ?an he4 ,on ! delicate "q ( ?is lady's exact age dep5ds our dat+ ( ! bir? ( ,apuleius & ! *ronology ( 8 entire c>e]4 ,at ! trial ( ,apuleius = magic ,aemilianus1 ! accus]1 decl>$ t %e 0 sixty :5 %e m>ri$ ,apuleius1 & he _h previ\sly propos$ to m>ry h] to 8 bro!r1 ,cl>us1 :om ,apuleius calls 8a decrepit old man40#ajjf ,on ! o!r h&1 ,apuleius ass]ts t ! records1 :i* he produces 9 c\rt1 ( h] be+ accept$ 9 infancy by h] fa!r z 8 *ild %[ t %e is 8n mu* ov] =ty10#ajjg--;a tactful ambiguity :i*1 inasmu* z we no long] h ! records1 x w\ld probably be idle to attempt to fa?om4 ,sid5ote3 ,no m5tion ( ! ,metamorphoses 9 ! ,apology4 ,! *ief1 if n ! only1 objection to dat+ ! ,metamorphoses be=e ! ,apology is t no?+ is said ( x 9 ! latt]4#ajjh ,b obvi\sly ,apuleius1 :5 on trial = magic1 w\ld n m5tion ! ,metamorphoses unless 8 accus]s =c$ him to d s4 ,!y may n h yet he>d ( x or x may at fir/ h be5 publi%$ anonym\sly1 al?\gh ! probability is t ,apuleius w\ld n h sp5t ?ree ye>s at ,oea )\t br++ x to 8 admir]s' att5tion4 ,or !y may "k ( x1 b ! judge may n h admitt$ x z evid5ce on ! gr\nd t !y mu/ prove t ,apuleius has practic$ magic4 ,! ,metamorphoses does n rec\nt any p]sonal p>ticipation ( ,apuleius himself 9 magic arts1 unless "o id5tifies him ?r\gh\t ) ! h]o ,lucius2 x purports to be a ,lat9 r5dition ( ,milesian tales#ajji & does n seem to h be5 tak5 v s]i\sly until ! *ur* fa!rs began to cite x4 ,or ! accus]s may h dwelt ^u x & ,apuleius simply h fail$ to take notice ( _! *>ge4 ,all ^! suppositions may n seem v plausible1 b on ! o!r h& we may ask1 h[ w\ld ,apuleius d>e to write a "w l ! ,metamorphoses aft] he _h be5 accus$ & tri$ ( magic8 ,"o w\ld expect him !n to drop ! subject r ?an to display an increas+ int]e/ 9 x4 ,b let u turn to 8 treatm5t ( t !me 9 bo? ^? works1 & fir/ consid] ! ,metamorphoses4 ,,ii4 ,magic 9 ! ,metamorphoses ,sid5ote3 ,p[]s claim$ = magic4 ,va/ p[] ov] nature & spirits is attribut$ to magic & its practition]s 9 ! op5+ *apt]s ( ! ,metamorphoses4 8,by magic's mutt]+s swift /reams are rev]s$1 ! sea is calm$1 ! sun /opp$1 foam drawn f ! moon1 ! />s torn f ! sky1 & day turn$ into night40#ajaj ,:ile su* ass]tions are receiv$ ) "s scepticism by "o li/5]1 !y are l>gely borne out by ! subsequ5t exp]i5ces ( ! *>act]s 9 ! /ory & by ! feats :i* wit*es are made to p]=m4 ,^! are sometimes humor\sly & extravagantly pres5t$1 b z crime & f]oci\s cruelty are treat$ 9 ! same _s1 ?is light ve9 _c be reg>d$ z an admission ( magic's unreality4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! magic ( ,!ssaly is celebrat$ ) "o accord ! _w ov]4#ajaa ,m]o ! wit* c 8displace ! sky1 elevate ! e>?1 freeze f\nta9s1 melt m\nta9s1 raise gho/s1 br+ d[n ! gods1 ext+ui% ! />s1 & illum9ate ! bottomless pit40#ajab ,subm]g+ ! light ( />ry heav5 to ! l[e/ dep?s ( hell is a p[] also attribut$ to ! wit* ,pamphile4#ajac 8,by h] m>vel\s secrets %e makes gho/s & elem5ts obey & s]ve h]1 di/urbs ! />s & co]ces ! div9ities40#ajad ,sid5ote3 ,its actual p]=mances4 ,9 none ( ! episodes record$ 9 ,! ,gold5 ,ass1 h[ev]1 d ! wit*es f9d x necess>y or advisable to g to q s great l5g?s z ^!1 al?\gh ,pamphile once ?reat5s ! sun ) et]nal d>kness because he is s sl[ 9 yield+ to night :5 %e may ply h] sorc]y & am\rs4#ajae ,! wit*es cont5t !mselves ) su* accompli%m5ts z c>ry+ on love affairs ) inhabitants ( di/ant ,india1 ,e?opia1 & ev5 ! ,antipodes1--8trifles ( ! art ^! & m]e bagatelles02#ajaf ) trans=m+ _! enemies into animal =ms or imprison+ !m helpless 9 _! homes1 or transport+ !m h\se & all to a spot a hundr$ miles (f2#ajag &1 on ! o!r h&1 ) break+ d[n bolt$ doors to murd] _! victims1#ajah or assum+ !mselves ! %ape ( weasels1 birds1 dogs1 mice1 & ev5 insects 9 ord] to "w _! mis*ief unobs]v$2#ajai !y !n ca/ _! victims into a deep sleep & cut _! ?roats or hang !m or mutilate !m4#ajbj ,!y (t5 "k :at is be+ said ab\t !m :5 app>5tly abs5t1 & !y sometimes indulge 9 div9ation ( ! future4#ajba ,b to :atev] fields ( activity !y may ext5d or conf9e !mselves1 _! viol5t p[] is irresi/ible1 & we are giv5 to und]/& t x is useless to try to fight aga9/ x or to escape x4 ,its secret & occult "* is also emphasiz$1 & ! adjective caeca or n\n latebrae are m ?an once employ$ to describe x4#ajbb ,sid5ote3 ,its limitations4 ,yet !re are also sugge/$ c]ta9 limitations to ! p[] ( magic4 ,! wit*es seem to break d[n ! bolt$ doors1 b ^! resume _! =m] place :5 ! hags h dep>t$1 & are to all appe>ances z intact z be=e4 ,! man1 too1 ^: ?roat !y h cut1 ^: blood !y h dra9$ (f1 & ^: he>t !y h remov$1 awakes app>5tly alive ! next morn+ & resumes 8 j\rney4 ,all ! ev5ts ( ! prec$+ night seem to h be5 m]ely an unpleasant dream4 ,! wit*es _h /uff$ a sponge into ! w\nd ( 8 ?roat#ajbc ) ! adjuration1 8,oh y sponge1 born 9 ! sea1 bew>e ( cross+ runn+ wat]40 ,9 ! morn+ 8 travel+ companion c see no sign ( w\nd or sponge on 8 fri5d's ?roat4 ,b :5 he /oops to dr9k f a brook1 out falls ! sponge & he drops dead4 ,! inf]5ce1 al?\gh ,apuleius draws none1 is obvi\s2 wit*es c make a corpse seem alive = a :ile b n = long1 & magic ceases to "w :5 y cross runn+ wat]4 ,we also get ! impression t !re is some?+ deceptive & illusive ab\t ! magic ( ! wit*es1 & t only ! lu/s & crimes are real :i* _! magic enables !m or _! employ]s to commit & gratify4 ,!y may seem to draw d[n ! sun1 b x is f\nd %9+ next day z usual4 ,:5 ,lucius is trans=m$ into an ass1 he reta9s 8 human appetite & t5d]ness ( sk91#ajbd--;a deplorable /ate ( m9d & body :i* mu/ be attribut$ to ! imp]fections ( ! magic art z well z to ! humor\s cruelty ( ! au?or4 ,sid5ote3 ,! crimes ( wit*es4 ,9 ,! ,gold5 ,ass ! practition]s ( magic are usually wit*es & old & repulsive4 ,we h to deal ) wond]s work$ by old-wives & n by ,magi ( ,p]sia or ,babylon4 ,z we h se5 & %all see yet fur!r1 _! de$s are reg>d$ z illicit & crim9al4 ,!y are 8mo/ wick$ wom50 7nequissimae muli]es71#ajbe int5t ^u lu/ & crime4 ,!y practice devotiones1 injuri\s imprecations & c]emonies4#ajbf ,sid5ote3 ,male magicians4 ,male practition]s ( magic are repres5t$ 9 a less unfavorable light4 ,an ,egyptian1 :o 9 return = a l>ge sum ( money engages to invoke ! _s ( a dead man & re/ore ! corpse mom5t>ily to life1 is call$ a prophet & a prie/1 ?\gh he seems a manife/ necromanc] & is himself adjur$ to l5d 8 aid & to 8h pity by ! />s ( heav51 by ! inf]nal deities1 by ! elem5ts ( nature1 & by ! sil5ce ( night10#ajbg--;expressions :i* are c]ta9ly sugge/ive ( ! magic p[]s else:]e ascrib$ to wit*es4 ,! h]o ( ! /ory1 ,lucius1 is animat$ 9 8 dabbl+s 9 ! magic art by idle curiosity comb9$ ) ?ir/ = le>n+1 b n by any crim9al motive4#ajbh ,yet aft] he has be5 trans=m$ into an ass by magic1 he fe>s to resume 8 human =m sudd5ly 9 public1 le/ he be put to dea? on suspicion ( practic+ ! magic art4#ajbi ,sid5ote3 ,magic z an art & discipl9e4 ,magic is depict$ n m]ely z irresi/ible or occult or crim9al or fallaci\s2 x is also regul>ly call$ an art & a discipl9e4 ,ev5 ! practices ( ! wit*es are s dignifi$4 ,pamphile has no?+ less ?an a laboratory on ! ro( ( h] h\se1--a wood5 %elt]1 conceal$ f view b op5 to ! w9ds ( heav5 & to ! f\r po9ts ( ! compass1--:]e %e may ply h] secret arts & :]e %e spreads out h] 8cu/om>y app>atus40#ajcj ,?is consi/s ( all sorts ( aromatic h]bs1 ( metal plates inscrib$ ) cryptic *>act]s1 a *e/ fill$ ) little boxes conta9+ v>i\s o9tm5ts1#ajca & portions ( human corpses obta9$ f sepul*]s1 %ipwrecks 7or birds ( prey1 accord+ z ! read+ is navium or avium71 public executions1 & ! victims ( wild bea/s4#ajcb ,x w be recall$ t ,gal5 repres5t$ m$ical /ud5ts z mo/ likely to secure human skeletons or bodies to dissect f some:at simil> s\rces2 & possibly !y might incur suspicion ( magic !reby4 ,sid5ote3 ,mat]ials employ$4 ,all ?is makes x cle> t to "w magic "o mu/ h mat]ials4 ,! wit*es seem especially avid = p>ts ( ! human body4 ,pamphile s5ds h] maid1 ,fotis1 to ! b>b]'s %op to try to /eal "s cutt+s ( ! hair ( a y\? ( :om %e is enam\r$2#ajcc & ano!r /ory is told ( wit*es :o by mi/ake cut (f & replac$ ) wax ! nose & e>s ( a man gu>d+ ! corpse in/ead ( ^? ( ! dead body4#ajcd ,o!r wit*es :o murd]$ a man c>efully collect$ 8 blood 9 a bladd] & took x away ) !m4#ajce ,b p>ts ( o!r animals are also employ$ 9 _! magic1 & /ones z well z v>i$ h]bs & twigs4#ajcf ,9 try+ to entice ! belov$ ,boeotian y\? ,pamphile us$ /ill quiv]+ entrails & p\r$ libations ( spr+ wat]1 milk1 & honey1 z well z plac+ ! hairs--:i* %e suppos$ 7 8--) _m k9ds ( inc5se ^u live coals4#ajcg ,to turn h]self into an owl %e ano9t$ h]self f top to toe ) o9tm5t f "o ( h] little boxes1 & also made mu* use ( a lamp4#ajch ,to rega9 h] human =m %e has only to dr9k1 & ba! 91 spr+ wat] mix$ ) anise & laurel leaf1--8,see h[ great a result is atta9$ by su* small & insignificant h]bs60#ajci--:ile ,lucius is told t eat+ roses w re/ore him f as99e to human =m4#ajdj ,! ,egyptian prophet makes use ( h]bs 9 8 necromancy1 plac+ "o on ! face & ano!r on ! brea/ ( ! corpse2 & he himself we>s l95 robes & s&als ( palm leaves4#ajda ,sid5ote3 ,incantations & rites4 ,besides mat]ials1 incantations are mu* employ$1#ajdb :ile ! ,egyptian prophet turns t[>ds ! ea/ & 8sil5tly imprecates0 ! ris+ sun4 ,z ?is la/ sugge/s1 c>eful obs]vance ( rite & c]emony also play _! "p1 & ,pamphile's pa9/ak+ proc$ure is describ$ 9 precise detail4 ,div9e aid is once m5tion$#ajdc & is p]haps ano!r ess5tial = success4 ,m ?an "o wit* is call$ div9a1#ajdd & magic is t]m$ a div9e discipl9e4#ajde ,b we h also he>d ! wit*es spok5 ( z co]c+ ! gods r ?an dep5d+ ^u !m = assi/ance4 ,_! magic seems to be p]=m$ ma9ly by us+ ?+s & words 9 ! "r ways4 ,sid5ote3 ,quacks & *>latans4 ,besides ! wit*es 7magae or sagae7 & :at ,apuleius calls magic by "n1 a numb] ( o!r *>latans & sup]/itions ( a k9dr$ nature are m5tion$ 9 ,! ,gold5 ,ass4 ,su* a "o is ! ,egyptian 8prophet0 already describ$4 ,su* 0 ! ,*aldean :o = a "t a/\nd$ ,cor9? by 8 wond]ful pr$ictions1 b _h be5 unable to =esee 8 own %ipwreck4#ajdf ,on le>n+ ?is la/ fact1 a bus9ess man :o 0 ab\t to pay him "o hundr$ d5>ii = a progno/ication snat*$ up 8 money aga9 & made (f4 ,su* 7 ! pa9t$ disreputable crew ( ! ,syrian goddess :o w5t ab\t answ]+ all inquiries conc]n+ ! future ) ! same ambigu\s c\plet4#ajdg ,su* 7 ! juggl]s :om ,lucius saw at ,a!ns swall[+ swords or balanc+ a spe> 9 ! ?roat :ile a boy climb$ to ! top ( x4#ajdh ,su* 7 ! physicians :o turn$ poison]s4#ajdi ,sid5ote3 ,v>i\s sup]/itions4 ,o!r passages allude to a/rology#ajej besides t already cit$ conc]n+ ! ,*aldean4 ,div9ation f dreams is also discuss$4 ,9 ! f\r? book ! old female s]vant tells ! captive maid5 n to be t]rifi$ 8by ! idle figm5ts ( dreams0 & expla9s t !y (t5 g by contr>ies2 b 9 ! la/ book ! h]o is sev]al times guid$ or =ew>n$ by dreams4 ,om5s are believ$ 94 ,/>t+ left foot fir/ loses a man a bus9ess opportunity1#ajea & ano!r is kick$ out ( a h\se = 8 ill-om5$ words4#ajeb ,! viol5t dea?s ( all ?ree sons ( ! own] ( ano!r h\se are presag$ by ! foll[+ rem>kable conglom]ation ( unt[>d port5ts3 a h5 lays a *ick in/ead ( an egg2 blood spurts up f "u ! table2 a s]vant ru%es 9 to ann\nce t ! w9e is boil+ 9 all ! j>s 9 ! cell>2 a weasel is se5 dragg+ a dead snake out-(-doors2 a gre5 frog leaps f ! %eep-dog's m\? & !n a ram te>s op5 ! dog's ?roat at "o bite4#ajec ,sid5ote3 ,"s bits ( sci5ce & religion4 ,( sci5tific discussion or in=mation !re is little 9 ! ,metamorphoses4 ,:5 ,pamphile =etells ! wea!r = ! next day by inspection ( h] lamp1 ,lucius sugge/s t ?is artificial flame may reta9 "s prop]ties f its heav5ly orig9al4#ajed ,! h]b m&ragora is describ$ z induc+ a sleep simil> to dea?1 b z n fatal2 & ! beav] is said to emasculate itself 9 ord] to escape its hunt]s4#ajee ,we %\ld feel lo/ )\t m5tion ( a dragon 9 a book ( ?is sort1 & "o is introduc$ :o is l>ge en\gh to dev\r a man4#ajef ,x is int]e/+ to note = purposes ( comp>ison1--inasmu* z we %all pres5tly take up ! ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 a ,neo-,py?agorean1 & lat] %all le>n f ! ,recognitions ( ,clem5t t ! apo/le ,pet] 0 accu/om$ to ba! at dawn 9 ! sea1--t ,lucius1 :ile /ill 9 ! =m ( an ass1 9 8 zeal = purification plung$ into ! sea & subm]g$ 8 head b5ea? ! wave sev5 times1 because ! div9e ,py?agoras _h proclaim$ t numb] z especially appropriate to religi\s rites4#ajeg 8,x has be5 said t ,! ,gold5 ,ass is ! fir/ book 9 ,european lit]ature %[+ piety 9 ! mod]n s5se1 & ! mo/ disreputable adv5tures ( ,lucius lead1 x is true1 9 ! end to a religi\s climax40 ,b1 adds ,pr(essor ,duncan ,b4 ,macdonald1 8,few books1 9 spite ( fanta/ic gleams ( color & light1 move "u su* lead5-weight$ skies z ,! ,gold5 ,ass4 ,!re is no real ,god 9 t _w2 all ?+s are 9 ! h&s ( en*ant]s2 man is )\t hope = "h & h]eaft]2 full ( ye>n+s he /ruggles & takes refuge 9 /range cults40#ajeh ,sid5ote3 ,magic 9 o!r ,greek romances4 ,:ile magic plays a l>g] "p 9 ,! ,gold5 ,ass ?an 9 any o!r extant ,greek romance1 x is n unusual 9 ! o!rs to f9d ! h]o & h]o9e expos$ to p]ils f magicians1 or !mselves falsely *>g$ ) magic1 z 9 ! ,ae?iopica ( ,heliodorus1 :]e ,*>icles is 8condemn$ to be burn$ on a *>ge ( poison+40#ajei ,9 ! ,*ri/ian romances1 too1 z ! ,recognitions w %[ u lat]1 !re are pl5ty ( allusions to magic & demons4 ,mean:ile we are rem9d$ t 9 ! ,roman ,empire accusations ( magic 7 made n m]ely 9 /ory books b 9 real life by ! trial = magic ( ! au?or ( ! ,metamorphoses himself1 & we next turn to ! ,apology :i* he deliv]$ ^u t occasion4 ,,iii4 ,magic 9 ! ,apology ,sid5ote3 ,=m ( ! ,apologia4 ,! ,apologia has e appe>ance ( be+ pres]v$ j z x 0 deliv]$ & p]haps z x 0 tak5 d[n by %ort-h& writ]s2 x does n seem to h und]gone ! subsequ5t revision to :i* ,cic]o subject$ "s ( 8 orations4 ,x mu/ h be5 ha/ily compos$1 s9ce ,apuleius /ates t x has be5 only five or six days s9ce ! *>ges 7 sudd5ly br\ght aga9/ him1 :ile he 0 occupi$ 9 def5d+ ano!r lawsuit br\ght aga9/ 8 wife4#ajfj ,!re also are num]\s app>5tly extempore passages 9 ! oration1 notably ^? :]e ,apuleius alludes to ! effect :i* 8 /atem5ts produce1 n[ ^u 8 accus]s1 n[ ^u ! proconsul sitt+ 9 judgm5t4 ,f ! ,florida we "k t ,apuleius 0 accu/om$ to improvise4#ajfa ,moreov]1 9 ! ,apology c]ta9 /atem5ts are made by ,apuleius :i* might be turn$ aga9/ him ) damag+ effect & :i* he probably w\ld h omitt$1 _h he _h ! leisure to g ov] 8 spee* c>efully be=e ! trial4 ,= in/ance1 9 d5y+ ! *>ge t he _h caus$ to be made = himself secretly out ( ! f9e/ wood a horrible magic figure 9 ! =m ( a gho/ or skeleton1 he decl>es t x is only a little image ( ,m]cury made op5ly by a well-kn[n artisan ( ! t[n4#ajfb ,b he has e>li] /at$ t 8,m]cury1 c>ri] ( incantations10 is "o ( ! deities invok$ 9 magic rites2#ajfc & 9 ano!r passage#ajfd has rec\nt$ h[ ! outcome ( ! ,mi?ridatic w> 0 inve/igat$ at ,tralles by magic1 & h[ a boy1 gaz+ at an image ( ,m]cury 9 wat]1 _h pr$ict$ ! future 9 "o hundr$ & sixty v]ses4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,9 a ?ird passage#ajfe he actually quotes ,py?agoras to ! effect t ,m]cury ought n to be c>v$ out ( e k9d ( wood4 ,sid5ote3 ,philosophy & magic4 ,if 9 ! ,metamorphoses ! practice ( magic is imput$ *iefly to old-wives1 9 ! ,apology a ma9 conc]n ( ,apuleius is to def5d philosoph]s 9 g5]al#ajff & himself 9 p>ticul> f 8! calumny ( magic40#ajfg ,epim5ides1 ,orpheus1 ,py?agoras1 ,o/anes1 ,emp$ocles1 ,socrates1 & ,plato h be5 s suspect$1 & x consoles ,apuleius 9 8 own trial to reflect t he is b %>+ ! undes]v$ fate ( 8s _m & su* great m540#ajfh ,9 ?is connection he /ates t ^? philosoph]s :o h tak5 an especial int]e/ 9 !ology1 8:o inve/igate ! provid5ce ( ! univ]se too curi\sly & celebrate ! gods too en?usia/ically10 are ! ones to be suspect$ ( magic2 :ile ^? :o devote !mselves to natural sci5ce pure & simple are m liable to be call$ irreligi\s a!i/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic def9$4 ,b :at is x to be a magician1 ,apuleius asks ! accus]s1#ajfi & !re) we face aga9 ! "q ( ! def9ition ( magic1 & ,apuleius gradually answ]s 8 own qu]y 9 ! c\rse ( ! oration4 ,magic1 9 ! ord9>y use ( ! ^w1 is describ$ 9 mu* ! same way z 9 ! ,metamorphoses4 ,x has be5 proscrib$ by ,roman law s9ce ! ,twelve ,tables2 x is hide\s & horrible2 x is secret & solit>y2 x murmurs its incantations 9 ! d>kness ( ! night4#ajgj ,x is an art ( ill repute1 ( illicit evil de$s1 ( crimes & enormities4#ajga ,in/ead ( simply call+ x magia1 ,apuleius (t5 applies to x ! d\ble expression1 magica maleficia4#ajgb ,p]haps he does ?is int5tionally4 ,9 "o passage he /ates t he w refute c]ta9 *>ges :i* ! accus]s h br\ght aga9/ him1 fir/1 by %[+ t ! ?+s he has be5 *>g$ ) h no?+ to d ) magic2 & second1 by prov+ t1 ev5 if he 7 a magician1 !re 0 no cause or occasion = 8 hav+ committ$ any maleficium 9 ?is connection4#ajgc ,t is to say1 maleficium1 lit]ally 8an evil de$10 means an injury done ano!r by means ( magic art4 ,! proconsul sitt+ 9 judgm5t takes a simil> view & has ask$ ! accus]s1 ,apuleius tells u1#ajgd :5 !y ass]t$ t a woman _h fall5 into an epileptic fit 9 8 pres5ce & t ?is 0 due to 8 hav+ bewit*$ h]1 :e!r ! woman di$ or :at good h] hav+ a fit did ,apuleius4 ,?is is significant z h9t+ t ,roman law did n condemn a man = magic unless he 7 prov$ to h committ$ "s crime or made "s unju/ ga9 !reby4 ,sid5ote3 ,good & bad magic4 ,does ,apuleius = 8 "p mean to sugge/ a di/9ction betwe5 magia & magica maleficia1 & to h9t1 z he did n d 9 ! ,metamorphoses1 t !re is a good z well z a bad magic8 ,he _c be said to ma9ta9 any su* di/9ction consi/5tly2 (t5 9 ! ,apology magia alone z well z maleficium is us$ 9 a bad s5se4 ,b he does sugge/ su* a ?\ght & once voices x q explicitly4#ajge 8,if10 he says1 8z ,i h read 9 _m au?ors1 magus 9 ! ,p]sian language corresponds to ! ^w sac]dos 9 ours1 :at crime1 pray1 is x to be a prie/ & duly "k & und]/& & *]i% ! rules ( c]emonial1 ! sacr$ cu/oms1 ! laws ( religion80 ,plato describes magic z "p ( ! education ( ! "y ,p]sian pr9ce by ! f\r wise/ & be/ m5 ( ! realm1 "o ( :om in/ructs him 9 ! magic ( ,zoroa/] :i* is ! wor%ip ( ! gods4 8,d y he>1 y :o ra%ly *>ge me ) magic1 t ?is art is acceptable to ! immortal gods1 consi/s 9 celebrat+ & rev]5c+ !m1 is pi\s & prophetic1 & long s9ce 0 held by ,zoroa/] & ,oromazes1 its au?ors1 to be noble & div9e80#ajgf ,9 common spee*1 h[ev]1 ,apuleius recognizes t a magician is "o 8:o by 8 p[] ( address+ ! immortal gods is able to accompli% :atev] he w by an almo/ incr$ible =ce ( incantations40 ,b anyone :o believes t ano!r man possesses su* a p[] z ?is %\ld be afraid to accuse him1 says ,apuleius1 :o ?9ks by ?is +5i\s dilemma to prove ! ins9c]ity ( 8 accus]s4 ,nev]!less he pres5tly m5tions t ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ,luna1 & ,trivia are ! deities usually summon$ 9 ! c]emonies ( ! magicians4#ajgg ,sid5ote3 ,magic & religion4 ,x w be not$ t ,apuleius connects magic ) ! gods & religion m 9 ! ,apology ?an 9 ! ,metamorphoses4 ,!re 8 emphasis 0 on ! natural mat]ials employ$ by ! wit*es & _! almo/ sci5tific laboratories4 ,b 9 ! ,apology bo? ,p]sian ,magi & common magicians are associat$ ) ! wor%ip or invocation ( ! gods1 & x is !ologians r ?an natural philosoph]s :o incur suspicion ( magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic & sci5ce4 ,b x may be t ! reason :y ,apuleius ab/a9s 9 ! ,apology f sugge/+ any connection or confusion betwe5 magic & natural sci5ce is t ! accus]s h already laid f> too mu* /ress ^u ?is po9t = 8 lik+4 ,he has be5 *>g$ ) ! composition ( a too?-p[d]1#ajgh ) use ( a mirror1#ajgi ) ! pur*ase ( a sea-h>e1 a poison\s mollusc1 & two o!r fi% appropriate f _! obsc5e %apes & names = use z love-*>ms4#ajhj ,he is said to h _h a horrible wood5 image or seal con/ruct$ secretly = use 9 8 magic1#ajha to keep o!r in/rum5ts ( 8 art my/]i\sly wrapp$ 9 a h&k]*ief 9 ! h\se1#ajhb & to h left 9 ! ve/ibule ( ano!r h\se :]e he lodg$ 8_m fea!rs ( birds0 & mu* soot on ! walls4#ajhc ,all ^! *>ges make x evid5t t natural & artificial objects are1 z 9 ! ,metamorphoses1 consid]$ ess5tial or at lea/ usual 9 p]=m+ magic4 ,moreov]1 s ready h ! accus]s %[n !mselves to int]pret ! int]e/ ( ,apuleius 9 natural sci5ce z an evid5ce ( ! practice ( magic by him1 t he s>ca/ically rem>ks#ajhd t he is glad t !y 7 unaw>e t he _h read ,!ophra/us ,on bea/s t bite & /+ & ,nic&] ,on ! bites ( wild bea/s 7usually call$ ,!riaca71#ajhe or !y w\ld h accus$ him ( be+ a poison] z well z a magician4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$ical & sci5tific k ( ,apuleius4 ,apuleius %[s t he really is a /ud5t1 if n an au?ority1 9 m$ic9e & natural sci5ce4 ,! gift ( ! too?-p[d] & ! fall+ ( ! woman 9 a fit 7 incid5ts ( 8 occasional practice ( m$ic9e1 & he also sees no h>m 9 8 seek+ c]ta9 rem$ies f fi%4#ajhf ,he repeats ,plato's !ory ( disease f ! ,timaeus & cites ,!ophra/us's admirable "w ,on ,epileptics4#ajhg ,m5tion ( ! mirror />ts him (f ^u an optical disquisition 9 :i* he rem>ks ^u !ories ( vision & reflection1 ^u liquid & solid1 flat & convex & concave mirrors1 & cites ! ,catoptrica ( ,ar*im$es4#ajhh ,he also reg>ds himself z an exp]im5tal zoologi/ & has conduct$ all 8 rese>*es publicly4#ajhi ,he procures fi% 9 ord] to /udy !m sci5tifically z ,ari/otle1 ,!ophra/us1 ,eudemus1 ,lycon1 & o!r pupils ( ,plato did4#ajij ,he has read innum]able books ( ?is sort & sees no h>m 9 te/+ by exp]i5ce :at has be5 writt54 ,inde$ he is himself writ+ 9 bo? ,greek & ,lat9 a "w on ,natural ,que/ions 9 :i* he hopes to add :at has be5 omitt$ 9 e>li] books & to rem$y "s ( _! defects & to arrange all 9 a h&i] & m sy/ematic fa%ion4 ,he has passages f ! section on fi%es 9 ?is "w read al\d 9 c\rt4 ,sid5ote3 ,he repeats famili> errors4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,apology ,apuleius occasionally airs 8 sci5tific atta9m5ts by specific /atem5ts & illu/rations f ! zoological & o!r sci5tific fields4 ,inde$ ! pres5ce ( su* allusions is z noticeable 9 ! ,apology z 0 _! abs5ce f ! ,metamorphoses4 ,b !y g to %[ t 8 k 0 great] ?an 8 discretion1 s9ce = ! mo/ "p !y repeat famili> errors ( contempor>y sci5ce4 ,we are told--! /ory is also 9 ,ari/otle1 ,pl9y1 & ,aelian--h[ ! crocodile op5s its jaws to h its tee? pick$ by a fri5dly bird1#ajia t ! vip] gnaws its way out ( its "m's womb1#ajib t fi% are spontane\sly g5]at$ f slime1#ajic & t burn+ ! /one gagates w cause an epileptic to h a fit4#ajid ,on ! o!r h&1 ! sk9 %$ by a spott$ liz>d is a rem$y = epilepsy1 b y mu/ snat* x up spe$ily or ! liz>d w turn & dev\r x1 ei!r f natural appetite or j because he kn[s t y want x4#ajie ,?is tale1 s *>act]i/ic ( ! virtues attribut$ to p>ts ( animals & ! human motives ascrib$ to ! animals !mselves1 is tak5 by ,apuleius f a treatise by ,!ophra/us entitl$ ,jeal\s ,animals4 ,sid5ote3 ,app>5t ignorance ( magic & occult virtue4 ,9 def5d+ :at he t]ms 8 sci5tific inve/igations f ! asp]sion ( magic ,apuleius is at times ei!r a trifle dis+5u\s & incl9$ to trade ^u ! ignorance ( 8 judge & accus]s1 or else n z well in=m$ himself z he might be 9 matt]s ( natural sci5ce & ( occult sci5ce4 ,he cont5ds t fi% are n employ$ 9 magic arts1 asks mock+ly if fi% alone possess "s prop]ty hidd5 f o!r m5 & kn[n to magicians1 & affirms t if ! accus] kn[s ( any su* he mu/ be a magician r ?an ,apuleius4#ajif ,he insi/s t he did n make use ( a sea-h>e & describes ! 8fi%0 9 "q 9 detail1#ajig b ?is description1 z is po9t$ out 9 ,butl] & ,ow5's edition ( ! ,apology1#ajih t5ds to conv9ce u t x really 0 a sea-h>e4 ,9 ! case ( ! two fi% ) obsc5e names1 he ridicules ! argu+ f simil>ity ( names to simil>ity ( p[]s 9 ! ?+s s designat$1 z if t 7 n :at magicians & a/rolog]s & believ]s 9 sympa?y & antipa?y 7 always do+4 ,y might z well say1 he decl>es1 t a pebble is good = ! /one & a crab = an ulc]1#ajii z if precisely ^! rem$ies = ^? diseases 7 n f\nd 9 ! ,pseudo-,dioscorides & 9 ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory4#aajj ,sid5ote3 ,despite an assumption ( k4 ,x is h>dly probable t 9 ! passages j cit$ ,apuleius 0 pret5d+ to be ignorant ( matt]s ) :i* he 0 really acqua9t$1 s9ce z a rule he is eag] to %[ (f 8 k ev5 ( magic itself4 ,?us ! accus]s affirm$ t he _h bewit*$ a boy by incantations 9 a secret place ) an alt> & a lamp2 ,apuleius criticizes _! /ory by say+ t !y %\ld h add$ t he employ$ ! boy = purposes ( div9ation1 cit+ tales :i* he has read to ?is effect 9 ,v>ro & _m o!r au?ors4#aaja ,& he himself is ready to believe t ! human s\l1 especially 9 "o :o is /ill "y & innoc5t1 may1 if soo!d & di/ract$ by incantations & odors1 =get ! pres5t1 return to its div9e & immortal nature1 & pr$ict ! future4 ,:5 he reads "s te*nical ,greek names f 8 treatise on fi%es1 he suspects t ! accus] w prote/ t he is utt]+ magic names 9 "s ,egyptian or ,babylonian rite4#aajb ,& z a matt] ( fact1 :5 lat] he m5tion$ ! names ( a numb] ( celebrat$ magicians1#aajc ! accus]s appe> to h rais$ su* a tumult t ,apuleius deem$ x prud5t to assure ! judge t he _h simply read !m 9 reputable books 9 public libr>ies1 & t to "k su* names 0 "o ?+1 to practice ! magic art q ano!r matt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,attitude t[>d a/rology4 ,apuleius affirms t "o ( 8 accus]s _h consult$ he kn[s n :at ,*aldeans h[ he might pr(itably m>ry (f 8 daught]1 & t !y _h prophesi$ tru?fully t h] fir/ husb& w\ld die )9 a few mon?s4 8,z = :at %e w\ld inh]it f him1 !y fix$ t up1 z !y usually d1 to suit ! p]son consult+ !m40#aajd ,b 9 ?is respect _! pr$iction turn$ out to be q incorrect4 ,we are left 9 "s d\bt1 h[ev]1 :e!r _! failure 9 ! second case is n reg>d$ z due m]ely to _! knav]y1 & _! fir/ successful pr$iction to ! rule ( ! />s4 ,else:]e1 h[ev]1 ,apuleius does /ate t belief 9 fate & 9 magic are incompatible1 s9ce !re is no place left = ! =ce ( spells & incantations1 if ev]y?+ is rul$ by fate4#aaje ,b 9 o!r extant works#aajf he speaks ( ! heav5ly bodies z visible gods1 & ,laur5tius ,lydus attributes a/rological treatises to him4#aajg ,sid5ote3 ,8 !ory ( demons4 ,9 "o passage ( ! ,apology ,apuleius affirms 8 belief ) ,plato 9 ! exi/5ce ( c]ta9 int]m$iate be+s or p[]s betwe5 gods & m51 :o gov]n all div9ations & ! miracles ( ! magicians4#aajh ,9 ! treatise on ! god or demon ( ,socrates#aaji he repeats ?is ?\ght & tells u m ( ^! m$iators or demons4 ,_! native elem5t is ! air1 :i* ,apuleius ?\ght ext5d$ z f> z ! moon1#aaaj j z ,ari/otle#aaaa tells ( animals :o live 9 fire & are ext+ui%$ ) x1 & j z ! fif? elem5t1 t 8div9e & inviolable0 e!r1 conta9s ! div9e bodies ( ! />s4 ,) ! sup]ior gods ! demons h immortality 9 common1 b l mortals !y are subject to passions & to feel+ & capable ( reason4#aaab ,b _! bodies are v light & l cl\ds1 a po9t peculi> to !mselves4#aaac ,s9ce bo? ,plut>* & ,apuleius wrote essays on ! demon ( ,socrates & bo? d]iv$1 or ?\ght t !y d]iv$1 _! !ories conc]n+ demons f ,plato1 x is int]e/+ to note "s div]g5ces betwe5 _! acc\nts4 ,apuleius conf9es !m to ! atmosph]e b5ea? ! moon m exclusively ?an ,plut>* does2 unlike ,plut>* he repres5ts !m z immortal1 n m]ely long-liv$2 & he has m to say ab\t ! sub/ance ( _! bodies & less conc]n+ _! relations ) disembodi$ s\ls4 ,sid5ote3 ,apuleius 9 ! middle ages4 ,apuleius w\ld h be5 a well-kn[n "n 9 ! middle ages1 if only indirectly ?r\gh ! use made by ,augu/9e 9 ,! ,city ( ,god#aaad ( ! ,metamorphoses 9 describ+ magic & ( ! ,de deo ,socratis 9 discuss+ demons4#aaae ,he also speaks ( ,apuleius 9 ?ree ( 8 lett]s1#aaaf decl>+ t = all 8 magic arts he c\ld w9 nei!r a ?rone nor judicial p[]4 ,augu/9e 0 n q sure :e!r ,apuleius _h actually be5 trans=m$ into an ass or n4 ,a c5tury e>li] ,lactantius#aaag spoke ( ! _m m>vels rememb]$ ( ,apuleius4 ,t manuscripts ( ! ,metamorphoses1 ,apology & ,florida 7 n num]\s until aft] ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies may be inf]r$ f ! fact t all ! extant manuscripts seem to be d]iv$ f a s+le "o ( ! lat] elev5? c5tury1 writt5 9 a ,lomb>d h& & p]haps f ,monte ,cass9o4#aaah ,! article on ,apuleius 9 ,pauly & ,wiss[a /ates t ! be/ manuscripts ( 8 o!r works are an elev5? c5tury codex at ,brussels & a twelf? c5tury manuscript at ,muni*1#aaai b does n m5tion a twelf? c5tury manuscript ( ! ,de deo ,socratis 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4#aabj ,ano!r indication t 9 ! twelf? c5tury !re 7 manuscripts ( ,apuleius 9 ,engl& or at ,*>tres & ,p>is is t ,john ( ,salisbury borr[s f ! ,de dogmate ,platonis 9 8 ,de nugis curialium4#aaba ,9 ! e>li] middle ages !re 0 ascrib$ to ,apuleius a "w on h]bs ( :i* we %all treat lat]4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,philo/ratus',s ,,life ,,( ,,apollonius ,,( ,,tyana ,comp>$ ) ,apuleius--,philo/ratus's s\rces--,"t & space cov]$--,philo/ratus's audi5ce--,object ( ! ,life--,apollonius *>g$ ) magic--,a confusion ( t]ms--,! ,magi & magic--,apollonius & ! ,magi--,philo/ratus on wiz>ds--,apollonius & wiz>ds--,quacks & old-wives--,! ,brahmans--,m>vels ( ! ,brahmans--,magical me?ods ( ! ,brahmans--,m$ic9e ( ! ,brahmans--,"s signs ( a/rology--,int]e/ 9 natural sci5ce--,natural law or special provid5ce8--,cases ( scepticism--,anecdotes ( animals--,dragons ( ,india--,occult virtues ( gems--,abs5ce ( numb] my/icism--,mantike or ! art ( div9ation--,div9+ p[] ( ,apollonius--,dreams--,int]pretation ( om5s--,animals & div9ation--,div9ation by fire--,o!r s-call$ pr$ictions--,apollonius & ! demons--,n all demons are evil--,philo/ratus's fai? 9 demons--,! gho/ ( ,a*illes--,heal+ ! sick & rais+ ! dead--,o!r m>vels--,gold5 wrynecks & ! iunx--,:y nam$ iunx8--,apollonius 9 ! middle ages4 ,sid5ote3 ,comp>$ ) ,apuleius4 ,"s fifty ye>s aft] ! bir? ( ,apuleius occurr$ t ( ,philo/ratus1 ^: c>e] & int]e/s 7 some:at simil>1 al?\gh he came f ! ,aegean isl& ( ,lemnos in/ead ( ! neighborhood ( ,c>?age & wrote 9 ,greek r ?an ,lat94 ,b l ,apuleius he 0 a /ud5t ( rhetoric & w5t fir/ to ,a!ns & !n to ,rome4 ,! resemblance is p]haps clos] betwe5 ,apuleius & ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 ^: life ,philo/ratus wrote & ( :om we "k m ?an ( 8 biograph]4 ,l ,apuleius ,apollonius _h to def5d himself 9 c\rt aga9/ ! accusation ( magic1 & ,philo/ratus gives u :at purports to be 8 apology on t occasion4 ,two c5turies aft]w>ds ,augu/9e 9 "o ( 8 lett]s#aabb names ,apollonius & ,apuleius z examples ( m5 :o 7 addict$ to ! magic art & :o1 ! pagans said1 p]=m$ great] miracles ?an ,*ri/ did4 ,a c5tury be=e ,augu/9e ,lactantius /ates#aabc t a c]ta9 philosoph] :o _h 8vomit$ =?0 ?ree books 8aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian religion & "n0 _h comp>$ ! miracles ( ,apollonius favorably ) ^? ( ,*ri/2 ,lactantius m>vels t he did n m5tion ,apuleius z well4 ,l ,apuleius1 ,apollonius 0 a man ( broad le>n+ :o travel$ widely & s\ght initiation into my/]ies & cults4 ,apuleius 0 a ,platoni/2 ,apollonius1 a ,py?agorean4 ,we may also note a resemblance betwe5 ! ,metamorphoses & ! ,life ( ,apollonius4 ,bo? seem to elaborate e>li] writ+s & bo? h mu* to say ( trans=mations1 wiz>ds1 demons1 & ! occult4 ,! ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 h[ev]1 mu/ be tak5 m s]i\sly ?an ! ,metamorphoses4 ,if ! ,african's "w is a rhetorical romance embody+ a c]ta9 autobiographical elem5t1 a ,milesian tale to :i* p]sonal religi\s exp]i5ces are annex$1 !n ! "w by ,philo/ratus is a rhetorical biography ) a t+e ( romance & a good deal ( s]moniz+4 ,sid5ote3 ,philo/ratus's s\rces4 ,philo/ratus#aabd compos$ ! ,life ( ,apollonius ab\t #bag ,a4 ,d4 at ! reque/ ( ! le>n$ wife ( ! emp]or ,septimius ,sev]us1 to ^: lit]>y circle he belong$4 ,! empress _h come into possession ( "s hi!rto unkn[n memoirs ( ,apollonius by a c]ta9 ,damis ( ,n9eveh1 :o _h be5 8 disciple & _h accompani$ him ^u _m ( 8 travels4 ,"s memb] ( ,damis's family _h br\ght ^! docum5ts to ! empress's att5tion4 ,"s s*ol>s incl9e to ! view t %e 0 deceiv$ by an impo/or1 b x h>dly seems t !re w\ld be suffici5t pr(it 9 ! v5ture to induce anyone to take ! pa9s to =ge su* memoirs4 ,also ,i c see no reason :y a contempor>y ( ,apollonius %\ld n h said & believ$ ev]y?+ :i* ,philo/ratus repres5ts ,damis z say+2 on ! contr>y x seems to me j :at w\ld be said by a naf1 gullible1 & devot$ disciple1 :o 0 incl9$ to exagg]ate ! abilities & a*ievem5ts ( 8 ma/] & to take lit]ally ev]y?+ t ,apollonius utt]$ ironically or figuratively4 ,o!r acc\nts ( ,apollonius 7 already 9 exi/5ce by a ,maximus ( ,aegae1 :]e ,apollonius _h sp5t "p ( 8 life1 & by ,mo]ag5es1 b ! memoirs ( ,damis seem to h (f]$ mu* new mat]ial4 ,philo/ratus accord+ly wrote a new life bas$ l>gely ^u ,damis1 b also mak+ use ( ! w & epi/les ( ,apollonius1 _m ( :i* ! emp]or ,hadrian _h e>li] collect$1 & ( ! traditions /ill curr5t 9 ! cities & temples :i* ,apollonius _h frequ5t$ & :i* ,philo/ratus n[ took ! tr\ble to visit4 ,x has sometimes be5 sugge/$1 *iefly by ,*ri/ian writ]s int5t ^u discr$it+ ! c>e] ( ,apollonius1 t ,philo/ratus inv5t$ ,damis & 8 memoirs4 ,b ,philo/ratus seems /raight=w>d 9 describ+ ! pa9s he has be5 to 9 prep>+ ! ,life1 & c]ta9ly is m explicit & sy/ematic 9 /at+ 8 s\rces ?an o!r anci5t biograph]s l ,plut>* & ,suetonius are4 ,he appe>s to foll[ 8 s\rces r closely & n to inv5t new incid5ts1 al?\gh he may1 l ,?ucydides & o!r anci5t hi/orians1 h tak5 lib]ties ) ! spee*es & argum5ts put into 8 *>act]s' m\?s4 ,& ?r\gh ! "w1 despite 8 belief 9 demons & m>vels1 he n[ & !n gives evid5ce ( a mod]ate & sceptical m9d1 at lea/ = 8 times4 ,sid5ote3 ,"t & space cov]$4 ,apollonius liv$ 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( our era & di$ dur+ ! reign ( ,n]va well advanc$ 9 ye>s4 ,x is !re=e ( a p]iod ov] a c5tury be=e 8 own t ,philo/ratus writes4 ,he is said to commit a numb] ( errors 9 hi/ory & geography1#aabe b we mu/ rememb] t mi/akes 9 geography 7 a fail+ ( ! be/ anci5t hi/orians su* z ,polybius1 & ! g5]al picture drawn ( ! emp]ors & politics ( ,apollonius's "t is n f> wrong4 ,x is true t ,philo/ratus also makes use ( tradition :i* has gradually =m$ s9ce ! dea? ( ,apollonius1 & introduces explanations or comm5ts ( 8 own on v>i\s matt]s4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n ! facts ei!r ( ,apollonius's c>e] or ( 8 times t conc]n u b ! beliefs & sup]/itions :i* we f9d 9 ,philo/ratus's ,life ( him4 ,:e!r ^! are ( ! fir/1 second1 or e>ly ?ird c5tury is sc>cely necess>y or possible = u to di/+ui%4 ,if ,damis records !m1 ,philo/ratus accepts !m1 & ! probability is t !y apply n only to all ?ree c5turies b to a long p]iod be=e & aft]4 ,! t]ritory cov]$ 9 ! ,life is almo/ z ext5sive2 x ranges all ov] ! ,roman ,empire1 alludes occasionally to ! ,celts & ,scy?ians1 & op5s up ,e?iopia & ,india#aabf to our gaze4 ,apollonius 0 a great travel] & !re are _m int]e/+ & in=m+ passages conc]n+ %ips1 sail+1 pilots1 m]*ants & sea-trade4#aabg ,sid5ote3 ,philo/ratus's audi5ce4 ,if we ask fur!r1 = :at class ( read]s 0 ! ,life int5d$1 ! answ] is1 = ! intellectual & le>n$4 ,apollonius himself 0 di/9ctly a ,hell5e4 ,philo/ratus repres5ts him z (t5 quot+ ,hom] & o!r bygone ,greek au?ors1 or m5tion+ names f e>ly ,greek hi/ory su* z ,lycurgus & ,ari/ides4 ,"o ( 8 aims 0 to re/ore ! deg5]ate ,greek cities ( 8 own day to _! anci5t morality4 ,fur!rmore1 ,apollonius nev] c>$ = _m disciples1 & nei!r requir$ !m to obs]ve all ! rules ( life :i* he himself foll[$1 nor admitt$ !m to all 8 int]views ) o!r sages & 8 initiations into sacr$ my/]ies4 ,?is alo(ness ( ! sage is some:at reflect$ 9 8 biograph]4 ,! ,life is an attempt n to popul>ize ! tea*+s ( ,apollonius b to ju/ify him be=e ! le>n$ _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,object ( ! ,life4 ,! *>ge _h be5 frequ5tly made t ,apollonius came illegitimately by 8 wisdom & acquir$ x viol5tly by magic4 ,philo/ratus w\ld re/ore him to ! ranks ( true philosoph]s :o ga9$ wisdom by wor?y & licit me?ods4 ,he decl>es t he 0 n a wiz>d1 z _m suppose1 b a notable ,py?agorean1 a man ( broad culture1 an intellectual & moral tea*]1 a religi\s ascetic & re=m]1 probably ev5 a prophet ( div9e & sup]human nature4 ,x is n n[ s g5]ally held by ,*ri/ian writ]s z x us$ to be t ,philo/ratus wrote ! ,life ) ! ,gospel /ory ( ,*ri/ 9 m9d1 & t 8 purpose 0 to imitate or to p>ody or to oppose a rival n>rative to ! ,*ri/ian /ory & tea*+4 ,at no po9t 9 ! ,life does ,philo/ratus betray unmi/akably ev5 a pass+ acqua9tance ) ! ,gospels1 mu* less display any sign ( animus aga9/ !m4 ,moreov]1 ! ,*ri/ian hi/orian & apologi/1 ,eusebius1 :o liv$ 9 ! c5tury foll[+ ,philo/ratus & 0 famili> ) 8 ,life ( ,apollonius1 9 writ+ a reply to a treatise 9 :i* ,hi]ocles1 a prov9cial gov]nor "u ,diocletian1 _h comp>$ ,apollonius ) ,jesus1 di/9ctly /ates t ,hi]ocles 0 ! fir/ to sugge/ su* an idea4#aabh ,su* simil>ities !n z may exi/ betwe5 ! ,life & ! ,gospels mu/ be tak5 z examples ( beliefs common to t age4 ,sid5ote3 ,apollonius *>g$ ) magic4 ,apollonius 0 accus$ ( sorc]y or magic dur+ 8 lifetime by ! rival philosoph] ,euphrates4 ,! f\r books on ,apollonius writt5 by ,mo]ag5es also portray$ him z a wiz>d2#aabi & ,eusebius 9 8 reply to ,hi]ocles ascrib$ ! miracles wr\ght by ,apollonius to sorc]y & ! aid ( evil demons4#aacj ,e>li] ! satiri/ ,lucian describ$ ,alex&] ! pseudo-prophet z hav+ be5 9 8 y\? an appr5tice to 8"o ( ! *>latans :o deal 9 magic & my/ic incantations1 444 a native ( ,tyana1 an associate ( ! great ,apollonius1 & acqua9t$ ) all 8 h]oics40#aaca ,sid5ote3 ,a confusion ( t]ms ,9 def5d+ 8 h]o aga9/ ^! *>ges ,philo/ratus is guilty himself bo? ( "s ambigu\s use ( t]ms & ( "s loose ?9k+4 ,! same ambigu\s t]m9ology1 h[ev]1 w be f\nd 9 o!r discussions ( magic4 ,9 a few passages ,philo/ratus d5ies t ,apollonius 0 a b mu* (t5] exculpates him f ! *>ge ( be+ a or 4 ,) ! latt] ^w or words !re is no difficulty4 ,x means a wiz>d1 sorc]]1 or en*ant]1 & is always employ$ 9 a s9i/] or disreputable s5se4 ,) ! t]m ! case is diff]5t1 z ) ! ,lat9 magus4 ,x may signify an evil magician1 or x may ref] to "o ( ! ,magi ( ! ,ea/1 :o are g5]ally reg>d$ z wise & good m54 ,?is delicate di/9ction1 h[ev]1 is n easy to ma9ta9 & ,philo/ratus fails to d s1 :ile ,mr4 ,conybe>e 9 8 ,engli% translation#aacb makes confusion worse conf\nd$ n only by translat+ z 8wiz>d0 in/ead ( 8magician10 b by sometimes do+ ?is :5 x really %\ld be r5d]$ z 8"o ( ! ,magi40 ,x may also be not$ t ,philo/ratus locates ! ,magi 9 ,babylonia z well z 9 ,p]sia4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,magi & magic ,to beg9 )1 9 8 second *apt] ,philo/ratus says t "s consid] ,apollonius a magician 8because he consort$ ) ! ,magi ( ! ,babylonians1 & ! ,brahmans ( ! ,indians1 & ! ,gymnosophi/s 9 ,egypt40 ,b !y are wrong 9 ?is4 8,= ,emp$ocles & ,py?agoras himself & ,democritus1 al?\gh !y associat$ ) ! ,magi & spake _m div9e utt]ances1 yet did n /oop to ! art0 7( magic74 ,plato1 too1 he goes on to say1 al?\gh he visit$ ,egypt & its prie/s & prophets1 0 nev] reg>d$ z a magician4 ,9 ?is passage1 !n1 ,philo/ratus closely associates ! ,magi ) ! magic art1 & ,i am n sure :e!r ! la/ 8,magi0 %\ld n be 8magicians40 ,on ! o!r h& 8 acquittal ( ,democritus & ,py?agoras f ! *>ge ( magic does n agree ) ,pl9y1 :o ascrib$ a l>ge am\nt ( magic to !m bo?4 ,sid5ote3 ,apollonius & ! ,magi4 ,apollonius himself evid5tly did n reg>d ! ,magi :om he met 9 ,babylon & ,susa z evil magicians4 ,"o ( ! *ief aims ( 8 s*eme ( ori5tal travel 80 to acqua9t himself ?or\ghly ) _! lore40 ,he wi%$ to discov] :e!r !y 7 wise 9 div9e ?+s1 z !y 7 said to be#aacc4 ,sacrifices & religi\s rites 7 p]=m$ "u _! sup]vision#aacd4 ,apollonius did n p]mit ,damis to accompany him :5 he visit$ ! ,magi at noon & aga9 ab\t midnight & conv]s$ ) !m#aace4 ,b ,apollonius himself said t he le>n$ "s ?+s f !m & taught !m "s ?+s2 he told ,damis t !y 7 8wise m51 b n 9 all respects02 on leav+ _! c\ntry he ask$ ! k+ to give ! pres5ts :i* ! mon>* _h int5d$ = ,apollonius himself to ! ,magi1 :om he describ$ !n z 8m5 :o bo? are wise & :olly devot$ to y40#aacf ,sid5ote3 ,philo/ratus on wiz>ds4 ,q diff]5t is ! attitude t[>ds wit*craft & wiz>ds ( bo? ,apollonius & 8 biograph]4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ,philo/ratus wiz>ds are ( all m5 mo/ wret*$#aacg4 ,!y try to violate nature & to ov]come fate by su* me?ods z inquisition ( spirits1 b>b>ic sacrifices1 incantations & besme>+s4 ,simple-m9d$ folk attribute great p[]s to !m2 & a?letes desir\s ( w9n+ victories1 %opkeep]s int5t ^u success 9 bus9ess v5tures1 & lov]s 9 especial are cont9ually resort+ to !m & app>5tly nev] lose fai? 9 !m despite repeat$ failures1 despite occasional exposure or ridicule ( _! me?ods 9 books & writ+1 & despite ! condemnation ( wit*craft bo? by law & nature4#aach ,apollonius 0 c]ta9ly no wiz>d1 argues ,philo/ratus1 = he nev] oppos$ ! ,fates b only pr$ict$ :at !y w\ld br+ to pass1 & he acquir$ ?is =ekn[l$ge n by sorc]y b by div9e revelation4#aaci ,sid5ote3 ,apollonius & wiz>ds4 ,nev]!less ,apollonius is frequ5tly accus$ ( be+ a wiz>d by o!rs 9 ! pages ( ,philo/ratus4 ,at ,a!ns he 0 refus$ initiation into ! my/]ies on ?is gr\nd1#aadj & at ,lebadea ! prie/s wi%$ to exclude him f ! oracul> cave ( ,trophonius = ! same reason4#aada ,:5 ! dogs gu>d+ ! temple ( ,dictynna 9 ,crete fawn$ ^u him in/ead ( b>k+ at 8 approa*1 ! gu>dians ( ! %r9e arre/$ him z a wiz>d & w\ld-be temple robb] :o _h bewit*$ ! dogs by some?+ t he _h giv5 !m to eat4#aadb ,apollonius also _h to def5d himself aga9/ ! accusation ( wit*craft 9 8 he>+ or trial be=e ,domitian4#aadc ,he !n d5i$ t "o is a wiz>d m]ely because "o has presci5ce1 or t we>+ l95 g>m5ts proves "o a sorc]]4 ,wiz>ds %un ! %r9es & temples ( ! gods2 !y make use ( tr5*es dug 9 ! e>? & invoke ! gods ( ! l[] _w4 ,!y are gre$y = ga9 & pseudo-philosoph]s4 ,!y possess no true sci5ce1 dep5d+ = success 9 _! art ^u ! /upidity ( _! dupes & devotees4 ,!y imag9e :at does n exi/ & disbelieve ! tru?4 ,!y "w _! sorc]y by night & 9 d>kness :5 ^? employ+ !m _c see or he> well4 ,apollonius himself 0 accus$ to ,domitian ( hav+ sacrific$ an ,arcadian boy at night & consult$ 8 entrails ) ,n]va 9 ord] to det]m9e ! latt]'s prospects ( becom+ emp]or4#aadd ,:5 be=e 8 trial ,domitian 0 ab\t to put ,apollonius 9 fett]s1 ! sage propos$ ! dilemma t if he 7 a wiz>d he c\ld n be kept 9 bonds1 or t if ,domitian 7 able to fett] him1 he 0 obvi\sly no wiz>d4#aade ,?is ne$ n imply1 h[ev]1 t ,apollonius believ$ t wiz>ds really c\ld free !mselves1 = he 0 at times ironical4 ,if s1 ,domitian repli$ 9 k9d by assur+ him t he w\ld at lea/ keep him 9 fett]s until he trans=m$ himself into wat] or a wild bea/ or a tree4 ,sid5ote3 ,quacks & old-wives4 ,closely ak9 to ! gtes or wiz>ds are ! old hags & quack-doctors :o (f] "o ,indian spices or boxes suppos$ to conta9 bits ( /one tak5 f ! moon1 />s1 or dep?s ( e>?4#aadf ,likewise ! div9+ old-wives :o g ab\t ) sieves 9 _! h&s & pret5d by means ( _! div9ation to heal sick animals = %eph]ds & c[h]ds4#aadg ,we also read t ,apollonius expell$ f ! cities along ! ,hellespont v>i\s ,egyptians & ,*aldeans :o 7 collect+ money on ! pret5se ( (f]+ sacrifices to av]t ! e>?quakes :i* 7 !n occurr+4#aadh ,sid5ote3 ,! ,brahmans4 ,we h he>d ,philo/ratus m5tion ! ,brahmans ( ,india 9 ! same brea? ) ! ,magi ( ,p]sia & imply t ,apollonius's association ) !m contribut$ to 8 reputation z a magician4#aadi ,9 ano!r passage#aaej ,philo/ratus places gtes & ,brahmans 9 un=tunate juxtaposition1 &1 imm$iately aft] condemn+ ! wiz>ds & def5d+ ,apollonius f ! *>ge ( sorc]y1 goes on to say t :5 he saw ! automatic tripods & cup-be>]s ( ! ,indians1 he did n ask h[ !y 7 op]at$4 8,he applaud$ !m1 x is true1 b did n ?9k fit to imitate !m40 ,b ( c\rse ,apollonius %\ld n ev5 h applaud$ ^! automatons1 :i* set food & p\r$ w9e be=e ! gue/s ( ! ,brahmans1 if !y 7 ! contrivances ( wiz>ds4 ,& 9 ano!r passage1#aaea :]e he def5ds ! signs & wond]s wr\ght by ! ,brahmans aga9/ ! asp]sions ca/ ^u !m by ! ,gymnosophi/s ( ,e?iopia1 ,apollonius expla9s _! practice ( levitation z an act ( wor%ip & communion ) ! sun god1 & h5ce f> remov$ f ! rites p]=m$ 9 deep tr5*es & holl[s ( ! e>? to ! gods ( ! l[] _w :i* we h he>d him m5tion be=e z a practice *>act]i/ic ( wiz>ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>vels ( ! ,brahmans4 ,nev]!less ! feats ascrib$ to ! ,brahmans are c]ta9ly suffici5tly ak9 to magic to excuse ,philo/ratus = m5tion+ !m along ) ! ,magi & wiz>ds & to ju/ify u 9 consid]+ !m4 ,inde$1 mod]n s*ol>%ip in=ms u t 9 ! ,v$ic texts ! ^w 8brhman0 9 ! neut] means a 8*>m1 rite1 =mul>y1 pray]10 & 8t ! ca/e ( ! ,brahmans is no?+ b ! m5 :o h brhman or magic p[]40#aaeb ,9 m>k$ contra/ to ! taciturnity ( ,apollonius z to 8 int]views ) ! ,magi ( ,babylon & ,susa is ! long acc\nt repeat$ by ,philo/ratus f ,damis ( ! say+s & do+s ( ! sages ( ,india4 ,z = ,apollonius himself1 8he 0 always rec\nt+ to ev]yone :at ! ,indians said & did40#aaec ,!y knew t he 0 approa*+ :5 he 0 yet af> (f & s5t a mess5g] :o greet$ him by "n4#aaed ,i>*as1 _! *ief1 also knew t ,apollonius _h a lett] = him & t a delta 0 miss+ 9 x1 & he told ,apollonius _m ev5ts ( 8 pa/ life4 8,we see1 ,o ,apollonius10 he said1 8! signs ( ! s\l1 trac+ !m by a myriad symbols40#aaee ,! ,brahmans liv$ 9 a ca/le conceal$ by cl\ds1 :]e !y r5d]$ !mselves invisible at w4 ,! rocks along ! pa? up to _! abode 7 /ill m>k$ by ! clov5 feet1 be>ds1 faces1 & backs ( ! ,pans :o _h tri$ to scale ! height "u ! lead]%ip ( ,dionysus & ,h]acles1 b _h be5 hurl$ d[n headlong4#aaef ,"h too 0 a well = te/+ oa?s1 a purify+ fire1 & ! j>s 9 :i* ! w9ds & ra9 7 bottl$ up4 ,sid5ote3 ,magical me?ods ( ! ,brahmans4 ,:5 ! mess5g] ( ! ,brahmans greet$ ,apollonius by "n1 ! latt] rem>k$ to ! a/\nd$ ,damis1 8,we h come to m5 :o are wise )\t art 771 = !y seem to h ! gift ( =ekn[l$ge40#aaeg ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 mo/ ( ! subsequ5t wond]s wr\ght by ! ,brahmans 7 n p]=m$ )\t ! use ( p>aph]nalia & rites v simil> to ^? ( magic4 ,ea* ,brahman c>ries a /aff--or magic w&--& we>s a r+1 :i* are bo? priz$ = _! occult virtue by :i* ! ,brahmans c accompli% any?+ !y wi%4#aaeh ,!y clo! !mselves 9 sacr$ g>m5ts made ( 8a wool t spr+s wild f ! gr\nd0 7cotton87 & :i* ! e>? w n p]mit anyone else to pluck4 ,i>*as also %[$ ,apollonius & ,damis a m>vel\s /one call$ ,pant>be1 :i* attract$ & b\nd o!r /ones to itself & :i*1 al?\gh only ! size ( 8 f+]-nail & =m$ 9 e>? f\r fa?oms deep1 _h su* virtue t x broke ! e>? op54#aaei ,b x requir$ great skill to secure ?is gem4 8,we only10 said ! ,brahman1 8c obta9 ?is pant>be1 p>tly by do+ ?+s & p>tly by say+ ?+s10 9 o!r words by incantations & magical op]ations4 ,be=e p]=m+ _! rite ( levitation !y ba!d & ano9t$ !mselves ) a c]ta9 drug4 8,!n !y /ood l a *orus ) ,i>*as z lead] & ) _! rods uplift$ /ruck ! e>?1 :i* heav+ l ! sea-wave rais$ !m up 9 ! air two cubits high40#aafj ,! metallic tripods & cup-be>]s :i* s]v$ ! k+ ( ! c\ntry :5 he came to visit ! ,brahmans appe>$ f n[h]e lad5 ) food & w9e exactly z if by magic4#aafa ,sid5ote3 ,m$ic9e ( ! ,brahmans4 ,! m$ical practice1 if we may s call x1 ( ! ,brahmans 0 t+$1 to say ! lea/1 ) magic4 ,a dislocat$ hip1 inde$1 !y appe> to h cur$ by massage1 & a bl9d man & a p>alytic are heal$ by unspecifi$ me?ods4#aafb ,b a boy is cur$ ( inh]it$ alcoholism by *ew+ owl's eggs t h be5 boil$2 a woman :o compla9s t h] sixte5-ye>-old son has = two ye>s be5 vex$ by a demon is s5t away ) a lett] full ( ?reats or incantations to employ aga9/ ! _s2 & ano!r woman's suff]+s 9 *ildbir? are prev5t$ by direct+ h] husb& to ent] h] *amb] ) a live h>e conceal$ 9 8 bosom & to release ! h>e aft] he has walk$ ar\nd 8 wife once4 ,i>*as1 inde$1 attribut$ ! orig9 ( m$ic9e to div9ation or div9e revelation4#aafc ,8 !ory 0 t ,asclepius1 z ! son ( ,apollo1 le>n$ by oracles :at drugs to employ = ! diff]5t diseases1 9 :at am\nts to mix ! drugs1 :at ! antidotes = poisons 71 & h[ to use ev5 poisons z rem$ies4 ,?is la/ especially he affirm$ t no "o w\ld d>e attempt )\t =ekn[l$ge4 ,sid5ote3 ,"s signs ( a/rology4 ,! ,brahmans seem to h made "s use ( a/rology 9 work+ _! feats ( magic4 ,damis at any rate said t :5 ,apollonius bade f>ewell to ! sages1 ,i>*as made him a pres5t ( sev5 r+s nam$ aft] ! planets1 :i* he wore 9 turn ^u ! appropriate days ( ! week4#aafd ,p]haps1 too1 ! sev5 swords ( adamant :i* ,i>*as _h r$iscov]$ z a *ild _h "s connection ) ! planets4#aafe ,mo]ag5es ascrib$ f\r books on =etell+ ! future by ! />s to ,apollonius himself1 b ,philo/ratus 0 unable to f9d any su* "w by ,apollonius extant 9 8 day4#aaff ,& unless x be an allusion to ,*aldeans :i* we h already not$1 !re is no fur!r m5tion ( a/rology 9 ,philo/ratus's ,life--a r rem>kable fact consid]+ t he wrote = ! c\rt ( ,septimius ,sev]us1 ! build] ( ! ,septizonium4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]e/ 9 natural sci5ce4 ,! philosoph] ,euphrates1 :o is repres5t$ by ,philo/ratus z jeal\s ( ,apollonius1 once advis$ ! emp]or ,vespasian1 :5 ,apollonius 0 pres5t1 to embrace natural philosophy--or a philosophy 9 accordance ) natural law--b to bew>e ( philosoph]s :o pret5d$ to h secret int]c\rse ) ! gods4#aafg ,!re 0 ju/ification 9 ! latt] *>ge aga9/ ,apollonius1 b x %\ld n be assum$ t 8 my/icism r5d]$ him unfavorable to natural sci5ce4 ,on ! contr>y he is frequ5tly repres5t$ by ,philo/ratus z :il+ away ! "t along ! road by discuss+ ) ,damis su* natural problems z ! delta ( ! ,nile or ! tides at ! m\? ( ! ,guadalquivir4 ,he 0 especially int]e/$ 9 ! habits ( animals & ! prop]ties ( gems4 ,vespasian 0 fond ( li/5+ to 88 graphic /ories ( ! riv]s ( ,india & ! animals0 ( t c\ntry1 z well z to 88 /atem5ts ( :at ! gods reveal$ conc]n+ ! empire40#aafh ,"s ( ! que/ions :i* ,apollonius put to ! ,brahmans conc]n$ nature4#aafi ,he ask$ ( :at ! _w 0 compos$1 & :5 !y said1 8,( elem5ts10 he ask$ if !re 7 f\r4 ,!y believ$1 h[ev]1 9 a fif? elem5t1 e!r1 f :i* ! gods _h be5 g5]at$ & :i* !y brea! z m5 brea! air4 ,!y also reg>d$ ! univ]se z a liv+ animal4 ,he fur!r inquir$ ( !m :e!r l& or sea pr$om9at$ on ! e>?'s surface1#aagj & ?is same attitude ( sci5tific inquiry & ( curiosity ab\t natural =ces & objects is frequ5tly met 9 ! ,life4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural law or special provid5ce8 ,apollonius believ$1 z we %all see1 9 om5s & port5ts1 & int]pret$ an e>?quake at ,antio* z a div9e w>n+ to ! inhabitants4#aaga ,! ,brahman sages1 moreov]1 reg>d$ prolong$ dr\ght z a puni%m5t visit$ by ! _w s\l ^u human s9fulness4#aagb ,on ! o!r h&1 ,apollonius gave a natural explanation ( volcanoes & d5i$ ! my?s conc]n+ ,enceladus be+ imprison$ "u ,m\nt ,aetna & ! battle ( ! gods & giants4#aagc ,& 9 ! case ( ! e>?quake ! p _h already accept$ x z a port5t & 7 pray+ 9 t]ror1 :5 ,apollonius took ! opportunity to w>n !m to cease f _! civil factions4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 bo? ,apollonius & ,philo/ratus appe> to reg>d port5ts z an extraord9>y sort ( natural ph5om5a4 ,a k ( natural sci5ce helps 9 recogniz+ !m & 9 int]pret+ !m4 ,:5 a lioness ( enorm\s size ) eight :elps 9 h] is sla9 by hunt]s1 ,apollonius at once recognizes ! ev5t z port5t\s because z a rule lionesses h :elps only ?rice & only ?ree ( !m on ! fir/ occasion1 two 9 ! second litt]1 & f9ally b a s+le :elp1 8b ,i believe a v big "o & pret]naturally fi]ce40#aagd ,"h ,apollonius is n 9 /rict agreem5t ) ,pl9y & ,ari/otle#aage :o say t ! lioness produces five :elps at ! fir/ bir? & "o less e succe$+ ye>4 ,sid5ote3 ,cases ( scepticism ,! scepticism ( ,apollonius conc]n+ ! ,aetna my? is n an isolat$ in/ance4 ,at ,s>dis he ridicul$ ! notion t trees c\ld be old] ?an e>?1#aagf & he 0 "o ( ! few anci5ts to "q ! swan's song4#aagg ,he d5i$ 8! silly /ory t ! "y ( vip]s are br\ght into ! _w )\t mo!rs0 z 8consi/5t nei!r ) nature nor exp]i5ce10#aagh & also ! tale t ! :elps ( ! lioness claw _! way out into ! _w4#aagi ,9 ,india ,apollonius saw a wild ass or unicorn f ^: s+le horn a magic dr9k+ horn 0 made4#aahj ,a draught f ?is horn 0 suppos$ to protect "o = t day f disease1 w\nds1 fire1 or poison1 & on t acc\nt ! k+ alone 0 p]mitt$ to hunt ! animal & to dr9k f ! horn4 ,:5 ,damis ask$ ,apollonius if he cr$it$ ?is /ory1 ! sage ironically repli$ t he w\ld believe x if he f\nd ! k+ ( ! c\ntry to be immortal4 ,ei!r1 h[ev]1 ! scepticism ( ,apollonius1 z 0 ! case ) s _m o!r anci5ts & m$ieval m51 0 sporadic & inconsi/5t1 or x came to be ov]laid ) ! cr$ulity ( ,damis & ,philo/ratus1 z ! foll[+ example sugge/s4 ,i>*as told ,damis & ,apollonius flatly t ! races describ$ by ,scylax ( m5 ) long heads or huge feet ) :i* !y 7 said to %ade !mselves did n exi/ 9 ,india or any:]e else2 yet 9 a lat] book ,philo/ratus /ates t ! %ad[-foot$ p are a tribe 9 ,e?iopia4#aaha ,sid5ote3 ,anecdotes ( animals4 ,at any rate ! m>vels ( ,india are m frequ5tly cr$it$ ?an criticiz$ 9 ! ,life by ,philo/ratus1 & ! same holds true ( ! extraord9>y conduct & well-nigh human intellig5ce attribut$ to animals4 ,especially delightful read+ are six *apt]s on ! rem>kable sagacity ( elephants & _! love = mank9d4#aahb ,on ?is po9t1 z by ,pl9y1 use is made ( ! "w ( ,juba4 ,we read aga9 ( sick lions eat+ apes1 ( ! lioness's love affair ) ! pan!r1 ( ! fondness ( leop>ds = ! fragrant gum ( a c]ta9 tree & ( goats = ! c9namon tree2 ( apes :o are made to collect pepp] = m5 by appeal+ to _! in/9ct t[>ds mimicry2#aahc & ( ! tig]1 ^: lo9s alone are eat5 by ! ,indians4 8,= !y decl9e to eat ! o!r p>ts ( ?is animal1 because !y say t z soon z x is born x lifts up its front paws to ! ris+ sun40#aahd ,9 ! riv] ,hyphasis is a creature l a :ite worm :i* yields :5 melt$ d[n a fat or oil t once set afire _c be ext+ui%$ & :i* ! k+ uses to burn walls & capture cities4#aahe ,9 ,india are griff9s :o qu>ry gold ) _! p[]ful beaks1 & ! lum9\s pho5ix ) its ne/ ( spices & swan-l fun]al song4#aahf ,sid5ote3 ,dragons ( ,india4 ,especially rem>kable are ! snakes or dragons ) :i* all ,india is fill$ & :i* (t5 are ( enorm\s size1 ?irty or ev5 sev5ty cubits long4#aahg ,^? f\nd 9 ! m>%es are sluggi% & h no cre/s2 b ^? on ! hills & ridges move fa/] ?an ! swifte/ riv]s & h bo? be>ds & cre/s4#aahh ,^? 9 ! pla9 engage 9 combats ) elephants :i* t]m9ate fatally = bo? p>ties z we h already le>n$ f ,pl9y4#aahi ,! m\nta9 dragons h bu%y be>ds1 fi]y cre/s1 gold5 scales1 & a f]oci\s glance4#aaij ,!y burr[ into ! e>?1 mak+ a noise l cla%+ brass1 or g hiss+ d[n to ! %ore & swim f> out to sea4 ,t]rify+ z !y are1 ! ,indians *>m !m by %[+ !m gold5 *>act]s embroid]$ on a cloak ( sc>let & by incantations ( a secret wisdom4 ,!y eat ! dragon's he>t & liv] 9 ord] to be able to und]/& ! language & ?\ghts ( animals4#aaia ,sid5ote3 ,occult virtues ( gems4 ,! dragons1 h[ev]1 are priz$ m = ! preci\s /ones 9 _! heads1 :i* ! ,indians quickly cut (f z soon z !y h bewit*$ !m4 ,! pupils ( ! eyes ( ! hill dragons are a fi]y /one possess+ irresi/ible virtue = _m occult purposes1#aaib :ile 9 ! heads ( ! m\nta9 dragons are _m brilliant /ones ( fla%+ colors :i* ex]t occult virtue if set 9 a r+1 8& !y say t ,gyges _h su* a r+40#aaic ,b !re are _m m>vel\s /ones outside ! heads ( dragons4 8,:o does n "k ! habits ( birds10 says ,apollonius to ,damis 9 "o ( 8 disquisitions ^u natural ph5om5a1#aaid 8& t eagles & /orks w n build _! ne/s )\t plac+ 9 !m1 ! "o ! /one aetites1 & ! o!r ! ly*nites1 z aids 9 hat*+ & to drive snakes away80 ,on p>t+ f ! ,indian k+ ,phraotes1 ,apollonius z usual refus$ to accept money pres5ts b pick$ up "o ( ! gems t 7 (f]$ him ) ! exclamation1 8,o r>e /one1 h[ opportunely & provid5tially h ,i f\nd y60#aaie ,philo/ratus supposes t he detect$ "s occult & div9e p[] 9 ?is p>ticul> /one4 ,! ,brahmans _h gems s huge t f "o ( !m a goblet c\ld be c>v$ l>ge en\gh to slake ! ?ir/ ( f\r m5 9 midsumm]1 b 9 ?is case no?+ is said ( occult virtue4#aaif ,! ,brahman ,i>*as felt sure t he 0 ! re9c>nation ( ! h]o ,ganges1 son ( ! riv] ,ganges1 because z a m]e *ild he knew :]e to dig = ! sev5 swords ( adamant :i* ,ganges _h fix$ 9 ! e>?4#aaig ,presumably ^! 7 magic swords & _! virtue 9 "p due to ! /one adamant ( :i* !y 7 made4 ,less is said 9 ! ,life ( ! virtues ( h]bs ?an ( gems1 b ! ,indians made a nuptial o9tm5t or love-*>m f balm di/ill$ f trees1#aaih & drugs & poisons are m5tion$ m ?an once1 m&ragora be+ describ$ z a soporific drug r ?an a deadly poison4#aaii ,sid5ote3 ,abs5ce ( numb] my/icism4 ,consid]+ t ,apollonius 0 a ,py?agorean1 !re is surpris+ly little said conc]n+ p]fect numb]s & _! my/ic significance4 ,aside f ! sev5 r+s & sev5 swords already m5tion$1 ab\t ! only in/ance is ! "q ask$ by ,apollonius :e!r eighte51 ! numb] ( ! ,brahman sages at ! "t ( 8 visit1 _h any especial importance4#abjj ,he rem>k$ t eighte5 0 n a squ>e1 nor a numb] usually held 9 e/eem & honor l t51 twelve1 & sixte54 ,! ,brahmans agre$ t !re 0 no p>ticul> significance 9 eighte51 & fur!r in=m$ him t !y ma9ta9$ no fix$ numb] ( memb]s b _h v>i$ f only "o to z _m z sev5ty accord+ to ! available supply ( wor?y m54 ,sid5ote3 ,mantike or ! art ( div9ation4 ,if ,philo/ratus d5ies t ,apollonius 0 a magician1 he does depict him z end[$ ) prophetic gifts1 ) p[] ov] demons1 & ) 8secret wisdom40 ,he r likes to give ! impression t ! sage =etold ?+s by innate prophetic gift or div9e inspiration1 b ev5 or ! art ( div9ation is n condemn$ z or wit*craft 04 ,i>*as ! ,brahman says t ^? :o delight 9 mantike become div9e !reby & contribute to ! safety ( mank9d4#abja ,apollonius himself1 :5 condemn+ wiz>ds z pseudo-wise1 made ! res]vation t mantike1 if true 9 its pr$ictions1 0 n a pseudo-sci5ce1 al?\gh he pr(ess$ ignorance :e!r x c\ld be call$ an art or n4#abjb ,he d5i$ t he practic$ x1 :5 he 0 exam9$ by ,tigell9us1 ! favorite ( ,n]o1 :o 0 p]secut+ philosoph]s on ! gr\nd t !y 7 addict$ to mantike4#abjc ,8 accus]s be=e ,domitian aga9 adduc$ 8 alleg$ practice ( div9ation z evid5ce t he 0 a wiz>d4#abjd ,sid5ote3 ,div9+ p[] ( ,apollonius4 ,if ,apollonius practic$ nei!r wiz>dry nor mantike1 ! "q arises h[ he 0 able to =etell ! future4 ,9 8 trial be=e ,domitian he did n attempt to d5y t he _h pr$ict$ ! plague at ,ephesus1 b attribut$ 8 8s5se ( ! com+ disa/]0 to 8 ab/emi\s diet1 :i* kept 8 s5ses cle> & enabl$ him to see z 9 an uncl\d$ mirror 8all t is happ5+ or ab\t to occur40#abje ,= he 0 cr$it$ ) k ( di/ant ev5ts ! mom5t !y occurr$ z well z ) =ekn[l$ge ( ! future4 ,?us at ,ephesus he 0 aw>e ( ! assass9ation ( ,domitian at ,rome2 & at ,t>sus1 al?\gh he arriv$ aft] ! incid5t _h occurr$1 he 0 able to describe & to f9d ! mad dog by :om a boy _h be5 bitt54#abjf ,i>*as told ,apollonius t heal? & purity 7 requisite = div9ation2#abjg & ,apollonius 9 turn1 9 rec\nt+ 8 life /ory to ! nak$ sages ( ,egypt1 repres5t$ ! ,py?agorean philosophy z appe>+ be=e him & promis+1 8,& :5 y are pure1 ,i w grant y ! faculty ( =ekn[l$ge40#abjh ,sid5ote3 ,dreams4 ,apollonius (t5 0 w>n$ by dreams4 ,:5 he dreamt ( fi% :o 7 ca/ gasp+ ^u dry l& & :o appeal$ = succ\r to a dolph9 swimm+ by1 he knew t he ought to visit & re/ore ! graves & assi/ ! desc5dants ( ! ,eretrians :om ,d>ius _h tak5 captive to ! ,p]sian k+dom ov] five c5turies be=e4#abji ,ano!r dream he int]pret$ z a comm& to visit ,crete4#abaj ,9 def5d+ 8 l95 app>el be=e ,domitian he decl>$1 8,x is a pure sub/ance "u :i* to sleep at night1 = to ^? :o live z ,i d dreams br+ ! true/ ( _! revelations40#abaa ,he 0 n ! only dream] ( ! "t1 h[ev]1 & :5 "s ( 8 foll[]s 7 afraid to accompany him to ,rome 9 ,n]o's reign1 !y made w>n+ dreams _! excuse = des]t+ him4#abab ,sid5ote3 ,int]pretation ( om5s4 ,x has be5 se5 t ,apollonius n only _h prophetic dreams b 0 skilful 9 int]pret+ !m4 ,he 0 equally adept 9 expla9+ ! mean+ ( om5s4 ,! dead lion ) h] eight unborn :elps he took z a sign t ,damis & he w\ld rema9 a ye> & eight mon?s 9 t l&4#abac ,:5 ,damis object$ t ,hom] int]pret$ ! sp>r[ & h] eight ne/l+s :om ! snake dev\r$ z n9e ye>s' duration ( ! ,trojan w>1 ,apollonius retort$ t ! birds _h be5 hat*$ b t ! :elps1 be+ yet unborn1 c\ld n signify complete ye>s4 ,on ano!r occasion he int]pret$ ! bir? ( a ?ree-head$ *ild z a sign ( ! ye> ( ! ?ree emp]ors4#abad ,sid5ote3 ,animals & div9ation4 ,su* int]pretation ( dreams & om5s sugge/s an art or arts ( div9ation r ?an =ekn[l$ge by direct div9e inspiration4 ,s does ! passage 9 :i* ,apollonius in=ms ,domitian1 :5 accus$ be=e him ( hav+ div9$ ! future by sacrific+ a boy1 t human entrails are inf]ior to ^? ( animals = purposes ( div9ation1 s9ce ! bea/s are less p]turb$ by k ( _! approa*+ dea?4#abae ,apollonius himself w\ld n sacrifice ev5 animal victims1 b he enl>g$ 8 p[]s ( div9ation dur+ 8 soj\rn among ! ,arab tribes by le>n+ to und]/& ! language ( animals & to li/5 to ! birds z ^! pr$ict ! future4#abaf ,! ,arabs acquire ?is p[] by eat+1 "s say ! he>t1 o!rs ! liv]1 ( dragons1--a fact :i* gave ! *ur* hi/orian ,eusebius an opportunity to *>ge ,apollonius ) hav+ brok5 8 taboo ( animal fle%4 ,sid5ote3 ,div9ation by fire4 ,al?\gh he did n sacrifice animals & div9e f _! entrails1 ,apollonius appe>s to h employ$ practices ak9 to ^? ( ! art ( pyromancy :5 he ?rew a h&ful ( frank9c5se into ! sacrificial fire ) a pray] to ! sun1 8& wat*$ to see h[ ! smoke ( x curl$ upw>ds1 & h[ x grew turbid1 & 9 h[ _m po9ts x %ot up2 & 9 a mann] he caught ! mean+ ( ! fire1 & obs]v$ h[ x appe>$ ( good om5 & pure40#abag ,aga9 he visit$ an ,egyptian temple & sacrific$ an image ( a bull made ( frank9c5se & told ! prie/ t if he really und]/ood ! sci5ce ( div9ation by fire 7 71 he w\ld see _m ?+s reveal$ 9 ! circle ( ! ris+ sun4#abah ,sid5ote3 ,o!r s-call$ pr$ictions4 ,x %\ld be add$ t only a v ard5t admir] ( ,apollonius or an equally ard5t seek] aft] prophecies w\ld see any?+ prophetic 9 "s ( ! app>5tly *ance rem>ks ( ! sage :i* h be5 p]v]t$ into pr$ictions4 ,at ,ephesus he did n actually pr$ict ! plague1 :i* _h already begun to spread judg+ f ! acc\nt ( ,philo/ratus1 b r w>n$ ! he$less population to take measures to prev5t its becom+ g5]al4#abai ,:5 visit+ ! i/hmus ( ,cor9? he began to say t x w\ld be cut ?r\gh1 an idea :i* _h d\btless occurr$ aga9 & aga9 to _m2 b !n said t x w\ld n be cut ?r\gh4#abbj ,?is sane1 if some:at vacillat+1 /ate ( m9d receiv$ confirmation soon aft]w>ds :5 ,n]o attempt$ an ,i/hmian canal b left x uncomplet$4 ,ano!r simil>ly ambigu\s utt]ance 0 elicit$ f ,apollonius by an eclipse ( ! sun accompani$ by ?und]3 8,!re %all be "s great ev5t & !re %all n be40#abba ,?is 0 believ$ to receive miracul\s fulfillm5t ?ree days lat] :5 a ?und]bolt da%$ ! cup out ( :i* ,n]o 0 dr9k+ f 8 h&s b left him unh>m$4 ,once ,apollonius sav$ 8 life by *ang+ f a %ip :i* sank soon aft]w>ds to ano!r vessel4#abbb ,an in/ance ( m specific prophecy is ! case ( ! consul ,aelian1 :o te/ifi$ t :5 he 0 b a tribune "u ,vespasian1 ,apollonius took him aside & told him 8 "n & c\ntry & p>5tage1 8& y =etold to me t ,i %\ld hold ?is high (fice :i* is acc\nt$ by ! multitude ! highe/ ( all40#abbc ,b ,aelian may h exagg]at$ ! accuracy ( ,apollonius's pr$iction1 or ! latt] may h made a %rewd guess t ,aelian 0 likely to rise to high (fice4 ,sid5ote3 ,apollonius & ! demons4 ,! div9+ faculty ( ,apollonius enabl$ him to detect ! pres5ce & influ5ce ( demons1 phantoms1 & gobl9s1 ^: ways he und]/ood z well z ! language ( ! birds4 ,at ,ephesus he detect$ ! true cause ( ! plague 9 a ragg$ old begg> :om he ord]$ ! p to /one to dea?4#abbd ,at ?is comm& ! bl9k+ eyes ( ! ag$ m5dicant sudd5ly %ot =? malevol5t & fi]y gleams & reveal$ 8 demon "*4 ,aft]w>ds1 :5 ! p remov$ ! /ones1 !y f\nd und]nea?1 p\nd$ to a pulp1 an enorm\s h\nd /ill vomit+ foam z mad dogs d4 ,lat]1 :5 accus$ ( magic be=e ,domitian1 ,apollonius reque/$ t ! emp]or "q him 9 private ab\t ! causes ( ?is pe/il5ce at ,ephesus1 :i* he said 7 too deep to be discuss$ publicly4#abbe ,& e>li] 9 ! reign ( ,n]o1 :5 ask$ by ,tigell9us h[ he got ! bett] ( demons & phantasms1 he evad$ ! "q by a saucy retort4#abbf ,on "o occasion1 h[ev]1 we are told t he got rid ( a gho/ly app>ition by heap+ abuse ^u x2#abbg & a satyr1 :o rema9$ invisible b creat$ annoyance by runn+ amuck ?r\gh ! camp1 he dispos$ ( by ! exp$i5t ( fill+ a tr\gh ) w9e & lett+ ! _s get drunk on x4 ,:5 ! w9e _h all disappe>$1 ,apollonius l$ 8 companions to ! cave ( ! nymphs :]e ! satyr 0 n[ visible 9 a drunk5 sleep4#abbh ,he also re=m$ ! "* ( a lic5ti\s y\? by expell+ a demon f him1#abbi & at ,cor9? expos$ a lamia :o1 "u ! disguise ( a da9ty & weal?y lady1 0 fatt5+ up a beautiful y\? nam$ ,m5ippus ) ! int5tion ( ev5tually dev\r+ 8 blood4#abcj ,on 8 return by sea f ,india ,apollonius pass$ a sacr$ isl& :]e liv$ a sea nymph or female demon :o 0 z de/ructive to m>9]s z ,scylla or ! ,sir5s 7 ( old4 ,sid5ote3 ,n all demons are evil ,b ! ^w 8demon0 is n always employ$ by ,philo/ratus 9 ! s5se ( an evil _s4 ,! annunciation ( ! bir? ( ,apollonius 0 made to 8 "m by ,proteus 9 ! =m ( an ,egyptian demon4#abca ,damis look$ ^u ,apollonius himself z a demon & wor%ip$ him z su*1 :5 he he>d him say t he compreh5d$ n only all human languages b also ^? ?+s conc]n+ :i* m5 ma9ta9 sil5ce4#abcb ,9 a lett] to ,euphrates#abcc ,apollonius affirms t ! all-wise ,py?agoras %\ld be class$ among demons4 ,b :5 ,domitian1 on fir/ meet+ ,apollonius said t he look$ l a demon1 ! sage repli$ t ! emp]or 0 confus+ demons & human be+s4#abcd ,sid5ote3 ,philo/ratus's fai? 9 demons4 ,philo/ratus adds 8 own bit ( p]sonal te/imony to ! exi/5ce ( demons1 al?\gh x _c be said to be v conv9c+4 ,aft] tell+ ! satyr /ory he w>ns 8 read]s n to be incr$ul\s z to ! exi/5ce ( satyrs or to d\bt t !y make love4 ,= !y %\ld n mi/ru/ :at is support$ by exp]i5ce & by ,philo/ratus's own ^w4 ,= he knew 9 ,lemnos a y\? ( 8 own age ^: "m 0 said to be visit$ by a satyr1 & su* he probably 01 s9ce he wore a fawn sk9 ti$ ar\nd 8 neck by ! two front paws4#abce ,sid5ote3 ,! gho/ ( ,a*illes4 ,apollonius _h an int]view ) ! gho/ ( ,a*illes :i* /rongly sugge/s necromancy4 ,he s5t 8 companions on bo>d %ip & pass$ ! night alone at ! h]o's tomb4 ,nor did he allude to :at _h happ5$ until que/ion$ by ! curi\s ,damis4 ,he !n av]r$ t 8 me?od ( invok+ ! dead _h n be5 t ( ,odysseus1 b t he _h pray$ to ,a*illes mu* z ! ,indians d to _! h]oes4 ,a slight e>?quake !n occurr$ & ,a*illes appe>$4 ,at fir/ he 0 five cubits tall b gradually increas$ to "s twelve cubits 9 height4 ,at cock-cr[ he vani%$ 9 a fla% ( summ] lightn+4#abcf ,sid5ote3 ,heal+ ! sick & rais+ ! dead4 ,apollonius1 z well z ! ,brahmans1 wr\ght "s cures4 ,"o 0 ( a boy :o _h be5 bitt5 by a mad dog & consequ5tly 8behav$ exactly l a dog1 = he b>k$ & h[l$ & w5t on all f\rs40#abcg ,apollonius fir/ f\nd & quiet$ ! dog1 & !n made x lick ! w\nd1 a homeopa?ic treatm5t :i* cur$ ! boy4 ,x n[ only rema9$ to cure ! dog1 too1 & ?is ! philosoph] effect$ by pray+ to ! riv] :i* 0 ne> by & !n mak+ ! dog swim across x4 8,=10 concludes ,philo/ratus1 8a dr9k ( wat] w cure a mad dog if he only c be induc$ to take x40 ,! mod]n read] w suspect t ! dog 0 n mad to beg9 ) & t ,apollonius clev]ly cur$ ! boy's compla9t by ! same =ce t _h induc$ x--sugge/ion4 ,apollonius once reviv$ a maid5 :o 0 be+ borne to ! grave by t\*+ h] & say+ some?+ to h]1 b ,philo/ratus hone/ly admits t he is n sure :e!r he re/or$ h] to life or detect$ signs ( life 9 ! body :i* _h escap$ ! notice ( ev]yone else4#abch ,sid5ote3 ,o!r m>vels4 ,:5 ,apollonius 0 br\ght be=e ,tigell9us1 ! scroll on :i* ! *>ges aga9/ him _h be5 writt5 0 f\nd to h become q blank :5 ,tigell9us unroll$ x4#abci ,^u t occasion & aga9 be=e ,domitian he intimat$ t 8 body c\ld n be b\nd or sla9 aga9/ 8 w4#abdj ,! =m] cont5tion he prov$ to ! satisfaction ( ,damis1 :o visit$ him 9 prison1 by sudd5ly remov+ 8 leg f ! fett]s & !n ins]t+ x aga94#abda ,damis reg>d$ ?is exhibition z a div9e miracle1 s9ce ,apollonius p]=m$ x )\t magical c]emony or incantations4 ,he is also repres5t$ z escap+ f 8 bonds at ab\t midnight :5 imprison$ lat] 9 life 9 ,crete4#abdb ,philo/ratus1 too1 implies t he vani%$ miracul\sly f ! c\rtroom ( ,domitian & t he sometimes pass$ f "o place to ano!r 9 an incr$ibly %ort "t1 & is some:at d\btful :e!r he ev] di$4 ,b we h se5 t ev5 on ! te/imony ( ,damis & ,philo/ratus !mselves _m ( ! m>vels & pr$ictions ( ,apollonius 7 n 8artless0 b involv$ a k ( contempor>y natural sci5ce & m$ic9e1 or ( arts ( div9ation1 or ! employm5t1 9 a way n unlike ! proc$ure ( magic1 ( =ces & mat]ials outside himself1 namely1 ! occult virtues ( ?+s 9 nature or incantations1 rites1 & c]emonies4 ,sid5ote3 ,gold5 wrynecks & ! iunx4 ,s mu* = ,apollonius & 8 magic1 b ! ,life conta9s "s int]e/+ allusions to ! or wryneck1 :i* ?r[ light ^u ! use ( t bird 9 ,greek magic1 b :i* h seldom be5 not$ & !n n correctly int]pret$4#abdc ,! wryneck 0 s mu* employ$ 9 ,greek magic1 z ref]5ces to x f ,p9d> to ,!ocritus %[1 t ! ^w iunx 0 sometimes us$ z a synonym or figurative expression = spells or *>ms 9 g5]al4 ,philo/ratus1 too1 employs x 9 ?is s5se1 repres5t+ ! ,gymnosophi/s z accus+ ! ,brahmans ( 8appeal+ to ! cr[d ) v>i$ en*antm5ts 7or iunges740#abdd ,b 9 o!r passages he makes x cle> t ! wryneck is /ill employ$ z a magic bird4 ,describ+ ! royal palace at ,babylon#abde he /ates t ! ,magi h hung f\r gold5 wrynecks1 :i* !y !mselves attune & :i* !y call ! tongues ( ! gods1 f ! ceil+ ( ! judgm5t hall to rem9d ! k+ ( div9e judgm5t & n to set himself above mank9d4 ,gold5 wrynecks 7 also susp5d$ 9 ! ,py?ian temple at ,delphi1 & 9 ?is connection !y are said to possess "s ( ! virtue ( ! ,sir5s1#abdf or1 z ,mr4 ,cook translates x1 8to e*o ! p]suasive note ( sir5 voices40 ,^! two passages seem to po9t cle>ly to ! employm5t ( me*anical metal birds :i* sang & mov$ z if by magic4 ,! ,greek ma!matician ,h]o 9 8 explanation ( me*anical devices employ$ 9 temples tells h[ to make a bird turn itself ab\t & :i/le by turn+ a :eel4#abdg ,sid5ote3 ,:y nam$ iunx8 ,n[ ?is is precisely :at ! wryneck does 9 its 8wond]ful way ( wri?+ its head & neck0 & emitt+ hiss+ s\nds4 ,! bird's 8unmi/akable note0 is 8que1 que1 que1 repeat$ _m times 9 succession1 at fir/ rapidly1 b gradually sl[+ & 9 a cont9ually fall+ key40#abdh ,i w\ld !re=e sugge/ t z ! ,engli% "n = ! bird is d]iv$ f its wri?+ its neck1 s ! ,greek "n comes f its cry1 = 8que0 & ! root 1 if repeat$ rapidly _m times 9 succession1 s\nd mu* alike4#abdi ,sid5ote3 ,apollonius 9 ! middle ages4 ,! "n1 ,apollonius1 cont9u$ to be associat$ ) magic 9 ! middle ages1 :5 ! ,gold5 ,fl[]s ( ,apollonius1 a "w on ! notory art or !urgy1#abej is f\nd 9 ! manuscripts4 ,& we %all f9d ,cecco d',ascoli#abea 9 ! e>ly f\rte5? c5tury cit+ a 8book ( magic art0 by ,apollonius & also a treatise on spirits1 ,de angelica factione4 ,9 #adab ,amplonius li/$ 9 ! catalogue ( 8 manuscripts a 8book ( ,apollonius ! magician or philosoph] :i* is call$ ,eliz9us40#abeb ,works on ! causes & prop]ties ( ?+s are also ascrib$ to ,apollonius 9 m$ieval manuscripts1#abec & a ,bal5us or ,bel5us to :om works on a/rological images & seals are ascrib$ 9 ! manuscripts#abed is p]haps a corruption = ,apollonius4#abee ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,lit]>y ,,& ,,philosophical ,,attacks ,,^u ,,sup]/ition3 ,,cic]o1 ,,favor9us1 ,,sextus ,,empiricus1 ,,& ,,lucian ,au?ors to be consid]$--,_! /&po9t--,de div9atione2 argum5t ( ,qu9tus--,cic]o attacks pa/ au?ority--,div9ation di/9ct f natural sci5ce--,unreasonable 9 me?od--,requires violation ( natural law--,cic]o & a/rology--,8 crude hi/orical criticism--,favor9us aga9/ a/rolog]s--,sextus ,empiricus--,lucius1 or ,! ,ass3 is x by ,lucian8--,c>e] ( ,lucian--,alex&] ! pseudo-prophet--,magical proc$ure 9 m$ic9e satiriz$--,snake-*>m+--,a ,hyp]borean magician--,"s gho/ /ories--,pancrates1 ! magician--,cr$ulity & scepticism--,m5ippus1 or ,necromancy--,a/rological int]pretation ( ,greek my?--,hi/ory & def5se ( a/rology--,lucian n always sceptical--,lucian & m$ic9e--,inevitable int]m+l+ ( scepticism & sup]/ition--,lucian on writ+ hi/ory4 ,sid5ote3 ,au?ors to be consid]$4 ,hav+ not$ ! l>ge am\nt ( magic t /ill exi/$ bo? 9 ! lead+ works ( natural sci5ce ( ! e>ly ,roman empire & 9 ! m g5]al lit]ature ( t p]iod1 x is only fair t we %\ld note su* extremes ( scepticism t[>ds ! sup]/itions !n curr5t z c be f\nd dur+ ! same p]iod4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 few & f> betwe51 & we %all h to g back to ! close ( ! ,republican p]iod = ! be/ in/ance 9 ! ,de div9atione ( ,cic]o4 ,z ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory 0 ma9ly a compilation ( e>li] ,greek sci5ce1 s ,cic]o's argum5ts aga9/ div9ation 7 n entirely orig9al ) him4 ,z 8 o!r philosophical writ+s are l>gely indebt$ to ! ,greeks1 s 8 attack ^u div9ation is suppos$ to be "u consid]able obligations to ,clitoma*us & ,panaetius1#abef philosoph]s ( ! ,new ,academy & ! ,/oic s*ool :o fl\ri%$ respectively at ,c>?age & ,a!ns & at ,rhodes & ,rome 9 ! second c5tury be=e our era4 ,we %all next briefly note ! criticisms ( a/rolog]s & a/rology made by ,favor9us1 a rhetorician f ,gaul :o resid$ at ,rome "u ,hadrian & 0 a fri5d ( ,plut>* b ^: argum5t aga9/ ! a/rolog]s has be5 pres]v$ only 9 ! ,attic ,nights ( ,aulus ,gellius1#abeg & by ,sextus ,empiricus1#abeh a sceptical philosoph] :o wrote ab\t #bjj4 ,f9ally we %all consid] ,lucian's satirical depiction ( v>i\s sup]/itions ( 8 "t4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! /&po9t4 ,x w be notic$ t no "o ( ^! critics ( magic1 if we may s designate !m1 is prim>ily a natural sci5ti/4 ,cic]o & ,lucian & ,favor9us are prim>ily m5 ( lett]s & rhetoricians4 ,& all f\r ( our critics write to a great] or less ext5t f ! pr(ess$ /&po9t ( a g5]al sceptical attitude 9 all matt]s ( philosophy & n m]ely 9 ! matt] ( sup]/ition4 ,?us ! attack ( ,sextus ,empiricus ^u a/rology occurs 9 a "w :i* is direct$ aga9/ le>n+ 9 g5]al1 & 9 :i* he assails gramm>ians1 rhetoricians1 geometricians1 ari?meticians1 /ud5ts ( music1 logicians1 physici/s1 & /ud5ts ( e?ics1 z well z ! ca/]s ( horoscopes4 ,aulus ,gellius did n "k :e!r to take ! argum5ts ( ,favor9us aga9/ ! a/rolog]s s]i\sly or n4 ,he says t he he>d ,favor9us make ! spee* ! sub/ance ( :i* he repeats1 b t he is unable to /ate :e!r ! philosoph] really meant :at he said or argu$ m]ely 9 ord] to ex]cise & to display 8 g5ius4 ,!re 0 reason = ?is p]plexity ( ,aulus ,gellius1 s9ce ,favor9us 0 incl9$ to su* t\rs de =ce z eulogies ( ,!rsites or ( ,qu>tan ,fev]4 ,sid5ote3 ,de div9atione3 argum5t ( ,qu9tus4 ,de div9atione takes ! =m ( a supposititi\s conv]sation1 or bett]1 in=mal debate1 betwe5 ! au?or & 8 bro!r ,qu9tus4 ,9 ! fir/ book ,qu9tus1 9 a r rambl+ & leisurely fa%ion & ) occasional repetition ( ideas1 upholds div9ation to ! be/ ( 8 ability1 cit+ _m report$ in/ances ( successful rec\rse to x 9 antiquity4 ,9 ! second book ,tully proce$s ) a some:at patroniz+ air to pull entirely to pieces ! argum5ts ( 8 bro!r :o ass5ts ) *e]ful read9ess to _! demolition4 ,on ! :ole ! appeal to ! pa/ is ! ma9 po9t 9 ! argum5t ( ,qu9tus4 ,:at race or /ate1 he asks1 has n believ$ 9 "s =m ( div9ation8 8,= be=e ! revelation ( philosophy1 :i* 0 discov]$ b rec5tly1 public op9ion _h no d\bt ( ! tru? ( ?is art2 & aft] philosophy em]g$ no philosoph] ( au?ority ?\ght o!rwise4 ,i h m5tion$ ,py?agoras1 ,democritus1 ,socrates4 ,i h left out no "o ( ! anci5ts save ,x5ophanes4 ,i h add$ ! ,old ,academy1 ! ,p]ipatetics1 ! ,/oics4 ,epicurus alone diss5t$40#abei ,qu9tus closes 8 long argum5t 9 favor ( ! tru? ( div9ation by solemnly ass]t+ t he does n approve ( sorc]]s1 nor ( ^? :o prophesy = ! sake ( ga91 nor ( ! practice ( que/ion+ ! spirits ( ! dead--:i* nev]!less1 he says1 0 a cu/om ( 8 bro!r's fri5d ,appius4#abfj ,sid5ote3 ,cic]o attacks pa/ au?ority4 ,:5 ,tully's turn to speak comes1 he rudely di/urbs 8 bro!r's reliance ^u tradition4 8,i ?9k x n ! "p ( a philosoph] to employ witnesses1 :o are only haply true & (t5 purposely false & deceiv+4 ,he ought to %[ :y a ?+ is s by argum5ts & reasons1 n by ev5ts1 especially ^? ,i _c cr$it40#abfa 8,antiquity10 ,cic]o decl>es lat]1 8has err$ 9 _m respects40#abfb ,! exi/5ce ( ! art ( div9ation 9 e age & nation has little effect ^u him4 ,!re is no?+1 he ass]ts1 s widespread z ignorance4#abfc ,sid5ote3 ,div9ation di/9ct f natural sci5ce4 ,bo? bro!rs di/+ui% div9ation z a sep>ate subject f ! natural or ev5 ! appli$ sci5ces4 ,qu9tus says t m$ical m51 pilots1 & f>m]s =esee _m ?+s1 yet _! arts are n div9ation4 8,n ev5 ,ph]ecydes1 t fam\s ,py?agorean ma/]1 :o pr$ict$ an e>?quake :5 he saw t ! wat] _h disappe>$ f a well :i* usually 0 well fill$1 %\ld be reg>d$ z a div9] r ?an a physici/40#abfd ,tully c>ries ! di/9ction a /ep fur!r & ass]ts t ! sick seek a doctor1 n a soo?say]2 t div9]s _c in/ruct u 9 a/ronomy2 t no "o consults !m conc]n+ philosophic problems or e?ical que/ions2 t !y c give u no light on ! problems ( ! natural univ]se2 & t !y are ( no s]vice 9 logic1 dialectic1 or political sci5ce4#abfe ,an admirable decl>ation ( indep5d5ce ( natural sci5ce & m$ic9e & o!r arts & con/ructive =ms ( ?\ght f ! me?ods ( div9ation6 ,b also "o m easy to /ate 9 g5]al t]ms ( !ory ?an to en=ce 9 details ( practice1 z ,pl9y1 ,gal51 & ,ptolemy h already %[n u4 ,none ! less x is inde$ a notewor?y re/riction ( ! field ( div9ation :5 ,cic]o rem>ks to 8 bro!r1 8,= ^? ?+s :i* c be p]ceiv$ be=eh& ei!r by art or reason or exp]i5ce or conjecture y reg>d z n ! affair ( div9]s b ( sci5ti/s40#abff ,b ! "q rema9s :e!r too l>ge p[]s ( pr$iction may n be claim$ by 8sci5ce40 ,sid5ote3 ,unreasonable 9 me?od4 ,cic]o proce$s to attack ! me?ods & assumptions ( div9ation z nei!r reasonable nor sci5tific4 ,:y1 he asks1 did ,cal*as d$uce f ! dev\r$ sp>r[s t ! ,trojan w> w\ld la/ t5 ye>s r ?an t5 weeks or t5 mon?s8#abfg ,he po9ts out t ! art is conduct$ 9 diff]5t places accord+ to q diff]5t rules ( proc$ure1 ev5 to ! ext5t t a favorable om5 9 "o locality is a s9i/] w>n+ else:]e4#abfh ,he refuses to believe 9 any extraord9>y bonds ( sympa?y betwe5 ?+s :i*1 9 s f> z our daily exp]i5ce & our k ( ! work+s ( nature c in=m u1 h no causal connection4 ,:at intimate connection1 he asks1 :at bond ( natural causality c !re be betwe5 ! liv] or he>t or lung ( a fat bull & ! div9e et]nal cause ( all :i* rules ! univ]se8#abfi 8,t any?+ c]ta9 is signifi$ by unc]ta9 ?+s1 is n ?is ! la/ ?+ a sci5ti/ %\ld admit80#abgj ,he refuses to accept dreams z fit *annels ei!r ( natural div9ation or div9e revelation4#abga ,! ,sibyll9e ,books1 l mo/ oracles1 are vague & ! evid5t product ( labor$ +5uity4#abgb ,sid5ote3 ,requires violation ( natural law4 ,moreov]1 div9ation ass]ts ! exi/5ce ( ph5om5a :i* sci5ce d5ies4 ,su* a figm5t1 ,cic]o scornfully affirms1 z t ! he>t w vani% f ! c>cass ( a victim is n believ$ ev5 by old-wives n[-a-days4 ,h[ c ! he>t vani% f ! body8 ,surely x mu/ be !re z long z life la/s1 & h[ c x disappe> 9 an in/ant8 8,believe me1 y are ab&on+ ! citadel ( philosophy :ile y def5d its outpo/s4 ,= 9 y\r ef=t to prove soo?say+ true y utt]ly p]v]t physiology4444 ,= !re w be some?+ :i* ei!r spr+s f no?+ or sudd5ly vani%es into no?+ness4 ,:at sci5ti/ ev] said t8 ,! soo?say]s say s8 ,are !y !n1 d y ?9k1 to be tru/$ r ?an sci5ti/s80#abgc ,cic]o makes o!r argum5ts aga9/ div9ation su* z ! /ock cont5tions t x is useless to "k pr$et]m9$ ev5ts be=eh& s9ce !y _c be avoid$1 & t ev5 if we c le>n ! future1 we %all be happi] n to d x1 b 8 out/&+ argum5t is t x is unsci5tific4 ,sid5ote3 ,cic]o & a/rology4 ,cic]o's attack ^u div9ation is ma9ly direct$ aga9/ liv] div9ation & analog\s me?ods ( pr$ict+ ! future1 b he devotes a few *apt]s#abgd to ! doctr9es ( ! ,*aldeans4 ,!y po/ulate a c]ta9 =ce 9 ! con/ellations call$ ! zodiac & hold t betwe5 man & ! position ( ! />s & planets at ! mom5t ( 8 bir? !re exi/s a relation ( sympa?y s t 8 p]sonality & all ! ev5ts ( 8 life are !reby det]m9$4 ,diog5es ! ,/oic limit$ ?is influ5ce to ! det]m9ation ( "o's aptitude & vocation1 b ,cic]o reg>ds ev5 ?is mu* z go+ too f>4 ,! imm5se spaces int]v5+ betwe5 ! diff]5t planets seem to him a reason = reject+ ! cont5tions ( ! ,*aldeans4 ,8 fur!r criticism t !y insi/ t all m5 born at ! same mom5t are alike 9 "* reg>dless ( horizons & diff]5t aspects ( ! sky 9 diff]5t places is "o t at lea/ did n hold good p]man5tly aga9/ a/rology & is n true ( ,ptolemy4 ,he asks if all ! m5 :o p]i%$ at ,cannae 7 born b5ea? ! same /> & h[ x came ab\t t !re 0 only "o ,hom] if sev]al m5 are born e in/ant4 ,he also adduces ! /ock argum5t f tw9s4 ,he attacks ! practice1 :i* we %all f9d cont9u$ 9 ! middle ages1 ( a/rological pr$iction ( ! fate ( cities4 ,he says t if all animals are to be subject$ to ! />s1 !n inanimate ?+s mu/ be1 too1 ?an :i* no?+ c be m absurd4 ,?is sugge/s t he h>dly conceives ( ! fundam5tal hypo!sis ( m$ieval sci5ce t all inf]ior nature is "u ! influ5ce ( ! cele/ial bodies & _! motion & light4 ,at any rate 8 argum5ts are direct$ aga9/ ! ca/+ ( horoscopes or g5e?lialogy4 ,& 9 ! matt] ( ! influ5ce ( ! planets ^u man he 0 n entirely antagoni/ic1 at lea/ 9 o!r writ+s ?an ! ,de div9atione1 = 9 ! ,dream ( ,scipio he speaks ( ,jupit] z a /> :olesome & favorable to ! human race1 ( ,m>s z mo/ unfavorable4 ,he fur!r calls sev5 & eight p]fect numb]s & speaks ( _! product1 fifty-six1 z signify+ ! fatal ye> 9 ,scipio's life4 ,incid5tally1 z ano!r in/ance t ,cic]o 0 n always sceptical1 x may be recall$ t x 0 9 ,cic]o t ,pl9y read ( a man :o c\ld see "o hundr$ & ?irty-five miles4#abge ,sid5ote3 ,8 crude hi/orical criticism4 ,su* app>5t inconsi/5cy is p]haps a sign ( some:at indiscrim9at+ eclecticism on ,cic]o's "p4 ,we exp]i5ce some?+ ( a %ock1 al?\gh p]haps we %\ld n be surpris$1 to f9d him 9 8 ,republic#abgf argu+ z s]i\sly 9 favor ( ! asc5sion or apo!osis ( ,romulus z a hi/oric fact z a pr(essor ( natural sci5ce 9 a d5om9ational college might argue 9 favor ( ! hi/oricity ( ! resurrection ( ,*ri/4 ,al?\gh 9 ! ,de div9atione he impati5tly bru%$ aside ! te/imony ( s great a cl\d ( witnesses & ( mo/ philosoph]s 9 favor ( div9ation1 he n[ argues t ! op9ion t ,romulus _h become a god 8c\ld n h prevail$ s univ]sally unless !re _h be5 "s extraord9>y manife/ation ( p[]10 & t 8?is is ! m rem>kable because o!r m51 said to h become gods1 liv$ 9 less le>n$ times :5 ! m9d 0 prone to inv5t & ! inexp]i5c$ 7 easily l$ to believe10 :]eas ,romulus liv$ only six c5turies ago :5 lit]ature & le>n+ _h already made great progress 9 remov+ error1 :5 8,greece 0 already full ( poets & musicians1 & little fai? 0 plac$ 9 leg5ds unless !y conc]n$ remote antiquity40 ,yet a few *apt]s lat] ,cic]o notes t ,numa c\ld n h be5 a pupil ( ,py?agoras1 s9ce ! latt] did n come to ,italy until #adj ye>s aft] 8 dea?2#abgg & 9 a ?ird *apt]#abgh :5 ,laelius rem>ks1 8,t k+ is inde$ prais$ b ,roman ,hi/ory is obscure1 = al?\gh we "k ! "m ( ?is k+1 we are ignorant ( 8 fa!r10 ,scipio replies1 8,t is s2 b 9 ^? times x 0 almo/ en\gh if only ! names ( ! k+s 7 record$40 ,we c only add1 8,consi/5cy1 ?\ art a jewel60 ,sid5ote3 ,favor9us aga9/ a/rolog]s4 ,favor9us d5i$ t ! doctr9e ( nativities 0 ! "w ( ! ,*aldeans & reg>d$ x z ! m rec5t inv5tion ( m>vel-mong]s1 trick/]s1 & m\ntebanks4 ,he reg>ds ! inf]5ce f ! effect ( ! moon on tides to t ( ! />s on e incid5t ( our daily life z unw>rant$4 ,he fur!r objects t if ! ,*aldeans did record a/ronomical obs]vations ^! w\ld apply only to _! own region & t obs]vations ext5d$ ov] a va/ lapse ( "t w\ld be necess>y to e/abli% any sy/em ( a/rology1 s9ce x requires ages be=e ! />s return to _! previ\s positions4 ,l ,cic]o1 ,favor9us probably manife/s 8 ignorance ( ! te*nique ( a/rology 9 compla9+ t a/rolog]s d n all[ = ! diff]5t influ5ce ( diff]5t con/ellations 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,m cog5t is 8 sugge/ion t !re may be o!r />s equal 9 p[] to ! planets :i* m5 _c see ei!r = _! excess ( spl5dor or because ( _! position4 ,he also objects t ! position ( ! />s is n ! same at ! "t ( conception & ! "t ( bir?1 & t1 if ! diff]5t fate ( tw9s may be expla9$ by ! fact t aft] all !y are n born at precisely ! same mom5t1 ! "t ( bir? & ! position ( ! />s mu/ be measur$ ) an exactness practically impossible4 ,he also cont5ds t x is n = human be+s to pr$ict ! future & t ! subjection ( man n m]ely 9 matt]s ( ext]nal =tune b 9 8 own acts ( w to ! />s is n to be borne4 ,^! two argum5ts ( ! div9e pr]ogative & ( human free w became ,*ri/ian favorites4 ,he compla9s t ! a/rolog]s pr$ict great ev5ts l battles b _c pr$ict small ones1 & decl>es t !y may congratulate !mselves t he does n propose su* a "q to !m z t ( a/ral influ5ce on m9ute animals4 ,?is & 8 fur!r "q :y1 out ( all ! gr& works ( nature1 ! a/rolog]s limit _! att5tion to petty human =tune1 sugge/ t l ,cic]o he did n realize t a/rology 0 or w\ld become a !ory ( all nature & n m]e g5e?lialogy4 ,sid5ote3 ,sextus ,empiricus4 ,to ! argum5ts aga9/ nativities t m5 die ! same dea? :o 7 n born at ! same "t & t m5 :o are born at ! same "t are n id5tical 9 "* or =tune ,sextus ,empiricus adds ! d]isive "q :e!r a man & an ass born 9 ! same in/ant w\ld suff] exactly ! same de/9y4 ,ptolemy w\ld ( c\rse reply t :ile ! influ5ce ( ! />s is con/ant 9 bo? cases x is v>iably receiv$ by m5 & donkeys2 & ,sextus's qu]y does n %[ him v well v]s$ 9 a/rology4 ,he m5tions ! ob/acle ( free w to a/rological !ory b does n make v mu* ( x4 ,! *ief po9t :i* he makes is t ev5 if ! />s d rule human de/9y1 _! effect _c be accurately measur$4 ,he lays /ress on ! difficulty ( exactly det]m9+ ! date ( bir? or ( conception1 or ! precise mom5t :5 a /> passes into a new sign ( ! zodiac4 ,he notes ! v>iability & unreliability ( wat]-clocks4 ,he calls att5tion to ! fact t obs]v]s at v>y+ altitudes z well z 9 diff]5t localities w\ld arrive at diff]5t conclusions4 ,diff]5ces 9 eyesight w\ld also affect results1 & x is difficult to tell j :5 ! sun sets or any sign ( ! zodiac drops bel[ ! horizon ow+ to reflection & refraction ( rays4 ,sextus ?us leaves u some:at 9 d\bt :e!r 8 objections are to be tak5 z indicative ( a _s ( capti\s criticism t[>ds an art1 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( :i* he tacitly recognizes z well-nigh inconte/able1 or :e!r he is simply try+ to make 8 case d\bly sure by %[+ a/rology to be impracticable z well z unreasonable4 ,9 any case we %all f9d 8 argum5t t ! influ5ce ( ! />s _c be measur$ accurately repeat$ by ,*ri/ian writ]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,lucius or ,! ,ass3 is x by ,lucian8 ,! ma9 plot ( ! ,metamorphoses ( ,apuleius appe>s1 %orn ( ! _m additional /ories1 ! religi\s my/icism1 & ! autobiographical elem5t :i* *>act]ize 8 n>rative1 9 a brief & p]haps epitomiz$ ,greek v]sion1 entitl$ ,lucius or ,! ,ass1 among ! works ( ,lucian ( ,samosata1 ! contempor>y ( ,apuleius & not$ satiri/4 ,! "w is n[ commonly reg>d$ z spuri\s1 s9ce ! /yle seems diff]5t f t ( ,lucian & ! ,attic ,greek less pure4 ,! n>rative1 too1 is b>e1 at lea/ comp>$ ) ! exub]ant fancy ( ,apuleius1 & seems to avoid ! m>vel\s & romantic details 9 :i* he ab\nds4 ,photius1 patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople 9 ! n9? c5tury1 :o reg>d$ ! "w z ,lucian's1 said t he wrote 9 x z "o d]id+ ! extravagance ( sup]/ition4 ,:e!r ?is be true ( ,! ,ass or n1 x is true ( o!r satires by ,lucian ( undisput$ g5u95ess1 9 :i* he ridicules ! impo/ures ( ! magic & pseudo-sci5ce ( 8 day4 ,9 place ( ! g5ial humor & fanta/ic imag9ation ) :i* 8 ,african contempor>y cr$ul\sly welcom$ ! magic & occult sci5ce ( 8 "t1 ! ,syrian satiri/ probes ! same ) ! cool mock]y ( 8 ke5 & sceptical wit4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>e] ( ,lucian4 ,lucian 0 born at ,samosata ne> ,antio* ab\t #abj or #abe ,a4 ,d4 & aft] an unsuccessful beg9n+ z a sculptor's appr5tice turn$ to lit]ature & philosophy4 ,he practic$ 9 ! law c\rts at ,antio* = "s "t & also wrote spee*es = o!rs4 ,= a consid]able p]iod ( 8 life he roam$ ab\t ! ,m$it]ranean _w f ,paphlagonia to ,gaul z a rhetorician1 & l ,apuleius resid$ bo? at ,a!ns & ,rome4 ,aft] =ty he ceas$ tea*+ rhetoric & devot$ himself to lit]>y production1 liv+ at ,a!ns4 ,t[>ds ! close ( 8 life1 8:5 he already _h "o foot 9 ,*>on's boat10#abgi he 0 hold+ a well paid & important legal position 9 ,egypt4 ,8 dea? occurr$ p]haps ab\t #bjj ,a4 ,d4 ,"s ascribe x to g\t1 probably because he wrote two satires on t disease4 ,suidas /ates t ,lucian 0 torn to pieces by dogs z a puni%m5t = 8 attacks ^u ,*ri/ianity1 :i* aga9 is probably a p]v]sion ( ,lucian's own /atem5t 9 ,p]egr9us t he n>r[ly escap$ be+ torn to pieces by ! ,cynics4 ,sid5ote3 ,alex&] ! pseudo-prophet4 ,x 0 at ! reque/ ( t same adv]s>y ( ,*ri/ianity aga9/ :om ,orig5 compos$ ! ,reply to ,celsus t ,lucian wrote 8 acc\nt ( ! impo/or1 ,alex&] ( ,abonuti*us1 a pseudo-prophet ( ,paphlagonia4 ,?is ,alex&] pret5d$ to discov] ! god ,asclepius 9 ! =m ( a small vip] :i* he _h seal$ up 9 a goose egg4 ,he !n replac$ ! t9y vip] by a huge tame s]p5t :i* he _h pur*as$ at ,pella 9 ,mac$on & :i* 0 tra9$ to hide its head 9 ,alex&]'s armpit1 :ile to ! cr[d1 :o 7 also p]mitt$ to t\* ! tail & body ( ! real snake1 0 %[n a false s]p5t's head made ( l95 ) human features & a m\? t op5$ & %ut & a tongue t c\ld be made to d>t 9 & out4 ,hav+ ?us conv9c$ ! p t ! vip] _h really be5 a god & _h miracul\sly increas$ 9 size1 ,alex&] proce$$ to sell oracul> responses z f ! god4 ,inquir]s submitt$ _! que/ions 9 seal$ packages :i* 7 lat] return$ to !m ) appropriate answ]s & ) ! seals unbrok5 & app>5tly unt\*$4 ,simil>ly ,plut>* tells ( a sceptical oppon5t ( oracles :o became conv]t$ into _! ard5t support] by receiv+ su* an answ] to a seal$ lett]4#abhj ,lucian1 h[ev]1 expla9s t ,alex&] sometimes us$ a hot ne$le to melt ! seal & !n re/ore x to practically its orig9al %ape1 or employ$ o!r me?ods by :i* he took exact impressions ( ! seal1 !n boldly broke x1 read ! "q1 & aft]w>ds replac$ ! seal by an exact replica ( ! orig9al made 9 ! m\ld4 ,lucian adds t !re are pl5ty ( o!r devices ( ?is sort :i* he does n ne$ to repeat to ,celsus :o has already made a suffici5t collection ( !m 9 8 8excell5t treatises aga9/ ! magicians40 ,lucian tells lat]1 h[ev]1 h[ ,alex&] made 8 god seem to speak by atta*+ a tube made ( ! w9dpipes ( cranes to ! artificial head & hav+ an assi/ant outside speak ?r\gh ?is conceal$ tube4 ,9 our lat] discussion ( ! *ur* fa!r ,hippolytus we %all f9d t he app>5tly made use ( ?is expos ( magic by ,lucian z well z ( ! argum5ts ( ,sextus ,empiricus aga9/ a/rology4 ,lucian's p]sonal exp]i5ces ) ?is ,alex&] 7 q int]e/+ b are less g]mane to our inve/igation4 ,sid5ote3 ,magical proc$ure 9 m$ic9e satiriz$4 ,we mu/ n fail1 h[ev]1 to note ano!r essay1 ,philopseudes or ,api/on1 9 :i* ! sup]/ition & pseudo-sci5ce ( antiquity are %>ply satiriz$ 9 :at purports to be a conv]sation ( sev]al philosoph]s1 includ+ a ,/oic1 a ,p]ipatetic1 & a ,platoni/1 & a repres5tative ( anci5t m$ic9e 9 ! p]son ( ,antigonus1 a doctor4 ,"s ( ! magical proc$ure !n employ$ 9 cur+ diseases is fir/ satiriz$4 ,cleodemus ! ,p]ipatetic advises z a rem$y = g\t to take 9 ! left h& ! too? ( a field m\se :i* has be5 kill$ 9 a prescrib$ mann]1 to wrap x 9 ! sk9 ( a lion fre%ly-flay$1 & ?us to b9d x ab\t ! ail+ foot4 ,he affirms t x w give in/ant relief4 ,d9oma*us ! ,/oic admits t ! occult virtue ( ! lion is v great & t its fat or "r =e-paw or ! bri/les ( its be>d1 if comb9$ ) ! prop] incantations1 h wond]ful efficacy4 ,b he holds t = ! cure ( g\t ! sk9 ( a virg9 h9d w\ld be sup]ior on ! gr\nd t ! h9d is spe$i] ?an ! lion & s m b5eficial to ! feet4 ,cleodemus retorts t he us$ to ?9k ! same1 b t a ,libyan has conv9c$ him t ! lion c run fa/] ?an ! h9d or x w\ld nev] cat* "o4 ,! sceptical report] ( ?is conv]sation /ates t he va9ly attempt$ to conv9ce !m t an int]nal disease c\ld n be cur$ by ext]nal atta*m5ts or by incantations1 me?ods :i* he reg>ds z ! v]ie/ sorc]y 7goetia74 ,sid5ote3 ,snake-*>m+4 ,8 prote/s1 h[ev]1 m]ely lead ,ion ! ,platoni/ to rec\nt h[ a ,magus1 a ,*aldean ( ,babylonia1 cur$ 8 fa!r's g>d5] :o _h be5 /ung by an add] on ! great toe & 0 already all swoll5 up & ne>ly dead4 ,! magician's me?od 0 to apply a spl9t] ( /one f ! /atue ( a virg9 to ! toe1 utt]+ at ! same "t an incantation4 ,he !n l$ ! way to ! field :]e ! g>d5] _h be5 /ung2 pron\nc$ sev5 sacr$ names f an anci5t volume1 & fumigat$ ! place ?rice ) tor*es & sulphur4 ,all ! snakes 9 ! field !n came =? f _! holes ) ! exception ( "o v ag$ & decrepit s]p5t1 :om ! magician s5t a "y snake back to fet*4 ,hav+ ?us assembl$ e la/ s]p5t1 he blew ^u !m1 & !y all vani%$ into ?9 air4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,hyp]borean magician4 ,?is tale rem9ds ! ,/oic ( ano!r magician1 a b>b>ian & ,hyp]borean1 :o c\ld walk ?r\gh fire or ^u wat] & ev5 fly ?r\gh ! air4 ,he c\ld also 8make p fall 9 love1 call up spirits1 resuscitate corpses1 br+ d[n ! moon1 & %[ y ,hecate h]self z l>ge z life40#abha ,m specific illu/ration ( ! ex]cise ( ^! p[]s is giv5 9 an acc\nt ( a love spell :i* he p]=m$ = a "y man = a big fee4 ,digg+ a tr5*1 he rais$ ! gho/ ( ! y\?'s fa!r & also summon$ ,hecate1 ,c]b]us1 & ! ,moon4 ,! la/ nam$ appe>$ 9 ?ree successive =ms ( a woman1 an ox1 & a puppy4 ,! sorc]] !n con/ruct$ a clay image ( ! god ( love & s5t x to fet* ! girl1 :o came & /ay$ until cock-cr[1 :5 all ! app>itions vani%$ ) h]4 ,9 va9 ! sceptic argues t ! girl 9 "q w\ld h come will+ly en\gh )\t any magic4 ,! ,platoni/ mat*es ! previ\s /ory ) "o ( a ,syrian f ,pale/9e :o ca/ out demons4 ,sid5ote3 ,"s gho/ /ories4 ,! discussion !n fur!r deg5]ates into gho/ /ories & tales ( /atuettes t leave _! p$e/als aft] ! h\sehold has retir$ = ! night4 ,"o speak] says t he no long] has any fe> ( gho/s s9ce an ,arab gave him a magic r+ made ( nails f crosses & taught him an incantation to use aga9/ spooks4 ,at ?is juncture a ,py?agorean philosoph] ( great repute ent]s & adds 8 te/imony 9 ! =m ( an acc\nt ( h[ he laid a gho/ at ,cor9? by employ+ an ,egyptian incantation4 ,sid5ote3 ,pancrates1 ! magician4 ,eucrates1 ! ho/1 !n tells ( ,pancrates1 :om he _h met 9 ,egypt & :o 8_h sp5t tw5ty-?ree ye>s und]gr\nd le>n+ magic f ,isis10 & :om crocodiles w\ld all[ to ride on _! backs4 ,!y travel$ a "t toge!r )\t a s]vant1 s9ce ,pancrates 0 able to dress up ! door-b> or a broom or pe/le1 turn x into human =m1 & make x wait ^u !m4 ,!re foll[s ! famili> /ory ( ,eucrates' ov]he>+ ! incantation ( ?ree syllables :i* ,pancrates employ$ & ( try+ x out himself :5 ! magician 0 abs5t4 ,! pe/le turn$ into human =m all "r en\gh & obey$ 8 ord] to br+ 9 wat]1 b !n he discov]$ t he c\ld n make x /op1 & :5 he seiz$ an axe & *opp$ x 9 two1 ! only effect 0 to produce two wat]-c>ri]s 9 place ( "o4 ,sid5ote3 ,cr$ulity & scepticism4 ,! conv]sation is turn+ to ! subject ( oracles :5 ! sceptic c /& x no long] & retires 9 disgu/4 ,z he tells :at he has he>d to a fri5d1 he rem>ks ^u ! *ildi% cr$ulity ( 8^! admir$ tea*]s f :om our y\? are to le>n wisdom40 ,at ! same "t1 ! /ories seem to h made a consid]able impression ev5 ^u him1 & he wi%es t he _h "s le?al drug to make him =get all ^! mon/]s1 demons1 & ,hecates t he seems /ill to see be=e him4 ,8 fri5d1 too1 decl>es t he has fill$ him ) demons4 ,_! dialogue !n concludes ) ! consol+ reflection t tru? & s\nd reason are ! be/ drugs = ! cure ( su* empty lies4 ,sid5ote3 ,m5ippus1 or ,necromancy4 ,! ,m5ippus or ,necromancy1 :ile an obvi\s imitation & p>ody ( ,odysseus' mode ( desc5t to ! und]world to consult ,teiresias1 also ?r[s "s light on ! magic ( ,lucian's "t4 ,9 ord] to rea* ! o!r _w ,m5ippus w5t to ,babylon & consult$ ,mi?rob>zanes1 "o ( ! ,magi & foll[]s ( ,zoroa/]4 ,he is also call$ "o ( ! ,*aldeans4 ,besides a f9al sacrifice simil> to t ( ,odysseus1 ! proc$ure by :i* ! magician procur$ _! passage to ! o!r _w includ$ on 8 "p mutt]$ incantations & invocations1 = ! mo/ "p un9telligible to ,m5ippus1 spitt+ ?rice 9 ! latt]'s face1 wav+ tor*es ab\t1 draw+ a magic circle1 & we>+ a magic robe4 ,z = ,m5ippus1 he _h to ba! 9 ! ,euphrates at sunrise e morn+ = ! full tw5ty-n9e days ( a moon1 aft] :i* he 0 purifi$ at midnight 9 ! ,tigris & by fumigation4 ,he _h to sleep out-(-doors & obs]ve a special diet1 n look anyone 9 ! eye on 8 way home1 walk backw>ds1 & s on4 ,! ultimate result ( all ^! prep>ations 0 t ! e>? 0 bur/ asund] by ! f9al incantation & ! way to ! und]world laid op54 ,:5 x came "t to return ,m5ippus crawl$ up ) difficulty1 l ,dante go+ f ! ,inf]no to ,purgatory1 ?r\gh a n>r[ tunnel :i* op5$ on ! %r9e ( ,trophonius4 ,sid5ote3 ,a/rological int]pretation ( ,greek my?4 ,an essay on a/rology ascrib$ to ,lucian is usually reg>d$ z spuri\s4#abhb ,d5ial ( its au!nticity1 h[ev]1 %\ld re/ on su* gr\nds z its lit]>y /yle & ! manuscript hi/ory ( ! "w r ?an ^u its--to mod]n eyes--sup]/iti\s "*4 ,9 antiquity a man might be sceptical ab\t mo/ sup]/itions & yet believe 9 a/rology z a sci5ce4 ,lucian's sceptical fri5d ,celsus1 = example1 z we %all see 9 our *apt] on ,orig5's ,reply to ,celsus1 believ$ t ! future c\ld be =etold f ! />s4 ,& :e!r ! pres5t essay is g5u9e or spuri\s1 x is c]ta9ly notewor?y t = all 8 mock]y ( o!r sup]/ition ,lucian does n attack a/rology 9 any ( 8 essays4 ,moreov]1 ?is essay on a/rology is v sceptical 9 "o way1 s9ce x d5ies ! lit]al tru? ( v>i\s ,greek my?s & gives an a/rological int]pretation ( !m1 z 9 ! case ( ,zeus & ,kronos & ! s-call$ adult]y ( ,m>s4 ,?is is n inconsi/5t ) ,lucian's ridicule else:]e ( ! an?ropomorphic ,olympian div9ities4 ,:at ,orpheus taught ! ,greeks 0 a/rology1 & ! planets 7 signifi$ by ! sev5 /r+s ( 8 lyre4 ,teiresias taught !m fur!r to di/+ui% :i* />s 7 mascul9e & :i* fem99e 9 "* & influ5ce4 ,a prop] int]pretation ( ! my? ( ,atreus & ,?ye/es also %[s ! ,greeks at an e>ly date acqua9t$ ) a/rological doctr9e4 ,bell]ophon so>$ to ! sky1 n on a horse b by ! sci5tific p[] ( 8 m9d4 ,da$alus taught ,ic>us a/rology & ! fable ( ,pha?on is to be simil>ly int]pret$4 ,a5eas 0 n really ! son ( ! goddess ,v5us1 nor ,m9os ( ,jupit]1 nor ,aesculapius ( ,m>s1 nor ,autolycus ( ,m]cury4 ,^! are to be tak5 simply z ! planets "u ^: rule !y 7 born4 ,! au?or also connects ,egyptian animal wor%ip ) ! signs ( ! zodiac4 ,sid5ote3 ,hi/ory & def5se ( a/rology4 ,! au?or ( ! essay also delves into ! hi/ory ( a/rology1 to :i* he assigns a high antiquity4 ,! ,e?iopians 7 ! fir/ to cultivate x & h&$ x on 9 a /ill imp]fect /age to ! ,egyptians :o develop$ x4 ,! ,babylonians claim to h /udi$ x be=e o!r peoples1 b our au?or ?9ks t !y did s long aft] ! ,e?iopians & ,egyptians4 ,! ,greeks 7 in/ruct$ 9 ! art nei!r by ! ,e?iopians nor ! ,egyptians1 b1 z we h se51 by ,orpheus4 ,our au?or n only /ates t ! anci5t ,greeks nev] built t[ns or walls or got m>ri$ )\t fir/ resort+ to div9ation1 b ev5 ass]ts t a/rology 0 _! sole me?od ( div9ation1 t ! ,py?ia at ,delphi 0 ! type ( cele/ial purity & t ! snake "u ! tripod repres5t$ ! dragon among ! con/ellations4 ,lycurgus taught 8 ,lac$aemonians to obs]ve ! moon1 & only ! uncultur$ ,arcadians held !mselves alo( f a/rology4 ,yet at ! pres5t day "s oppose ! art1 decl>+ ei!r t ! />s h naught to d ) human affairs or t a/rology is useless s9ce :at is fat$ _c be avoid$4 ,to ! latt] objection our au?or makes ! usual retort t =ew>n$ is =e>m$2 z = ! =m] d5ial1 if a horse /irs ! /ones 9 ! road z x runs1 if a pass+ brea? ( w9d moves /raws to & fro1 if a t9y flame burns ! f+]1 w n ! c\rses & deflexions ( ! brilliant cele/ial bodies h _! influ5ce ^u e>? & mank9d8 ,sid5ote3 ,lucian n always sceptical4 ,! mann] ( ! essay does n seem l ,lucian's usual /yle1 & ! a/rological int]pretation ( religi\s my? 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,/oic philosophy1 :]eas ,lucian's philosophical aff9ities1 if he c be said to h any1 are p]haps r ) ! ,epicureans4 ,b ,celsus 0 an ,epicurean & yet believ$ 9 a/rology4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght1 h[ev]1 t ,lucian 9 8 o!r essays is always sceptical 9 reg>d to :at we %\ld classify z sup]/ition4 ,he tells u h[ 8 c>e] 0 det]m9$ by a dream 9 ! autobiographical essay ( t title4 ,9 ! ,dialogues ( ! ,gods magic is m5tion$ z a matt]-(-c\rse1 ,zeus compla9+ t he has to resort to magic 9 ord] to w9 wom5 & ,a!ne w>n+ ,p>is to h ,aphrodite remove h] girdle1 s9ce x is drugg$ or en*ant$ & may bewit* him4 ,sid5ote3 ,lucian & m$ic9e4 ,! writ+s ( ,lucian conta9 _m allusions to ! doctors1 diseases1 & m$ic9es ( 8 "t4#abhc ,on ! :ole he confirms ,gal5's picture4 ,num]\s passages %[ t ! m$ical pr(ession 0 held 9 high e/eem1 & ,lucian himself fir/ w5t to ,rome 9 ord] to consult an oculi/4 ,at ! same "t ,lucian satirizes ! quacks & m$ical sup]/ition ( ! "t1 z we h already se51 & describes sev]al /atues :i* 7 believ$ to possess heal+ p[]s4 ,9 ! burlesque trag$y on g\t1 ,tragodopodagra1 ^: au!nticity1 h[ev]1 is que/ion$1 ! disease p]sonifi$ is triumphant1 & ! moral seems to be t all ! rem$ies :i* m5 h tri$ are ( no avail4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,lucian wrote s]i\sly ( ! ,african snake ^: bite causes "o to die ( ?ir/ 7,de dipsadibus74 ,he admits t he has nev] se5 anyone 9 ?is condition & has n ev5 be5 9 ,libya :]e ^! snakes are f\nd1 b a fri5d has assur$ him t he has se5 ! tomb/one epitaph ( a man :o _h di$ ?us1 a r indirect mode ( pro( :i* we are surpris$ %\ld satisfy ! au?or ( ,h[ to ,write ,hi/ory4 ,lucian also repeats ! common notion t p]sons bitt5 by a mad dog c be cur$ only by a hair or o!r portion ( ! same animal4#abhd ,sid5ote3 ,inevitable int]m+l+ ( scepticism & sup]/ition4 ,our *apt] :i* set out to note cases ( scepticism 9 reg>d to sup]/ition has end$ by includ+ a great deal ( su* sup]/ition4 ,! sceptics !mselves seem cr$ul\s on "s po9ts1 & ,lucian's satire p]haps m reveals ?an refutes ! preval5ce ( sup]/ition among ev5 ! highly educat$4 ,! same is true ( o!r lit]>y satiri/s ( ! ,roman ,empire ^: jibes aga9/ ! a/rolog]s & _! devotees only atte/ ! popul>ity ( ! art & :o !mselves v probably meant only to ridicule its m extreme pret5sions & 7 p]haps at bottom !mselves believ]s 9 ! fundam5tals ( ! art4 ,our au?ors to "s ext5t1 z we h po9t$ out1 provid$ an ars5al ( argum5ts f :i* lat] ,*ri/ian writ]s took weapons = _! assaults ^u pagan magic & a/rology4 ,b sometimes subsequ5t writ]s confus$ scepticism ) cr$ulity1 & ! influ5ce ( our au?ors ^u !m became j ! opposite ( :at !y int5d$4 ,?us ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 ! soldi]-hi/orian ( ! fall+ ,roman ,empire ^u :om ,gibbon plac$ s mu* reliance1 0 s atta*$ to div9ation t he ev5 quot$ its ar*-oppon5t1 ,cic]o1 9 support ( x4 ,= he actually concludes 8 discussion ( ! subject 9 ^! words3 8,:]e=e 9 ?is z 9 o!r matt]s ,tully says mo/ admirably1#8,signs ( future ev5ts are %[n by ! gods4'0#abhe ,sid5ote3 ,lucian on writ+ hi/ory4 ,b 9 ord] to conclude our *apt] on scepticism ) a less obscuranti/ passage1 let u return to ,lucian4 ,8 essay1 ,h[ to ,write ,hi/ory1 gives s]i\s expression to ^? ideals ( tru? & imp>tiality :i* also lie beh9d 8 mock]y ( impo/ors & ! ov]-cr$ul\s4 8,! hi/orian's "o task10 9 8 e/imation1 8is to tell ! ?+ z x happ5$40 ,he %\ld be 8fe>less1 incorruptible1 indep5d5t1 a believ] 9 frankness1 444 an imp>tial judge1 k9d to all b too k9d to none40 8,he has to make ( 8 bra9 a mirror1 uncl\d$1 bright1 & true ( surface40 8,facts are n to be collect$ at haphaz>d b ) c>eful1 labori\s1 repeat$ inve/igation40 8,pref] ! dis9t]e/$ acc\nt40#abhf ,su* s5t5ces & phrases z ^! reveal a sci5tific & critical _s ( high ord] & seem a va/ improvem5t ^u ! frailty ( ,cic]o's hi/orical criticism4 ,b h[ f> ,lucian w\ld h be5 able to foll[ 8 own advice is p]haps ano!r matt]4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,spuri\s ,,my/ic ,,writ+s ,,( ,,h]mes1 ,,orpheus1 ,,& ,,zoroa/] ,my/ic works ( revelation--,! ,h]metic books--,poim&res & ! ,h]metic ,corpus--,a/rological treatises ascrib$ to ,h]mes--,h]metic works ( al*emy--,ne*epso & ,petosiris--,mane?o--,! ,li?ica ( ,orpheus--,argum5t ( ! poem--,magic p[]s ( /ones--,magic rites to ga9 p[]s ( div9ation--,p[] ( gems comp>$ ) h]bs--,magic h]bs & demons 9 ,orphic rites--,books ascrib$ to ,zoroa/]--,! ,*aldean ,oracles4 ,sid5ote3 ,my/ic works ( revelation4 ,!re 7 9 circulation 9 ! ,roman ,empire _m writ+s :i* purport$ to be ( div9e orig9 & au?or%ip1 or at lea/ ! "w ( anci5t culture-h]oes & f\nd]s ( religions :o 7 ( div9e desc5t & div9ely inspir$4 ,^! oracul> & my/ic compositions usually pret5d to great antiquity & (t5 claim z _! home su* ho>y l&s z ,egypt & ,*aldea1 al?\gh 9 ! ,hell5ic pa/ ,apollo & 9 ! ,roman pa/ ! ,sibyll9e books#abhg also af=d conv5i5t c5t]s ab\t :i* =g]ies clu/]4 ,assum+ z ^! writ+s d to disclose ! secrets ( anci5t prie/hoods & to publi% :at %\ld n be reveal$ to ! vulg> cr[d1 !y may be confid5tly expect$ to embody a great deal ( sup]/ition & magic along ) _! expositions ( my/ic !ologies4 ,also ! au?ors1 editors1 or publi%]s ( a/rological1 al*emi/ic1 & o!r pseudo-sci5tific treatises c\ld n be expect$ to resi/ ! temptation ( claim+ a v5]able & cryptic orig9 = "s ( _! books4 ,moreov]1 su* pseudo-lit]ature 0 n entirely unju/ifi$ 9 its affirmation ( high antiquity4 ,few ?+s 9 intellectual hi/ory ant$ate magic1 & ^! spuri\s compositions are n especially di/+ui%$ by new ideas1 al?\gh !y to "s ext5t reflect ! progress made 9 le>n+1 occult z well z sci5tific1 9 ! ,hell5i/ic age4 ,x mu/ be add$ t mu* ( _! cont5ts dep5ds = its effect entirely ^u its claim to em95t au?or%ip & great antiquity & ^u ! impressionability ( its public4 ,to-day mo/ ( x seems trivial commonplace or m>k$ by ! empty vagu5ess *>act]i/ic ( oracul> utt]ances4 ,i %all attempt no complete exposition or exhau/ive treatm5t ( su* writ+s#abhh b t\* ^u a few examples :i* be> ^u ! relations ( sci5ce & magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,h]metic books4 ,*ief among ^! are ! ,h]metic books or writ+s attribut$ to ,h]mes ! ,egyptian or ,trismegi/us4 8,"u ?is "n10 wrote ,/e9s*neid] 9 #aijf1 8!re exi/s 9 _m languages a lit]ature1 = ! mo/ "p sup]/iti\s1 :i* seems to h n yet be5 treat$ 9 its totality40#abhi ,! ,egyptian god ,?o? or ,tehuti1 kn[n 9 ,greek z 1 1 & 1 0 id5tifi$ ) ,h]mes1 & ! epi!t 8?rice-great0 is also d]iv$ f ! ,egyptian a a1 8! great ,great40 ,citations ( works ascrib$ to ?is ,h]mes ,trismegi/us c be trac$ back z e>ly z ! fir/ c5tury ( our era4#abij ,he is also m5tion$ or quot$ by v>i\s *ur* fa!rs f ,a!nagoras to ,augu/9e & (t5 figures 9 ! magical papyri4 ,! hi/orian ,ammianus ,m>cell9us#abia 9 ! f\r? c5tury ranks him ) ! great sages ( ! pa/ su* z ,py?agoras1 ,socrates1 & ,apollonius ( ,tyana4 ,our two *ief descriptions ( ! ,h]metic books f ! p]iod ( ! ,roman ,empire are f\nd 9 ! ,/romata#abib ( ! ,*ri/ian ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7c4 #aej-;c4 #bbj ,a4 ,d47 & 9 ! ,de my/]iis#abic ascrib$ to ! ,neo-,platoni/ ,iambli*us 7di$ ab\t #ccj ,a4 ,d474 ,clem5t speaks ( =ty-two books by ,h]mes :i* are reg>d$ z 8indisp5sable40 ,( ^! t5 are call$ 8,hi]atic0 & deal ) ! laws1 ! gods1 & ! tra9+ ( ! prie/s4 ,t5 o!rs detail ! sacrifices1 pray]s1 processions1 fe/ivals1 & o!r rites ( ,egyptian wor%ip4 ,two conta9 hymns to ! gods & rules = ! k+4 ,six are m$ical1 8treat+ ( ! /ructure ( ! body & ( diseases & in/rum5ts & m$ic9es & ab\t ! eyes & ! la/ ab\t wom540 ,f\r are a/ronomical or a/rological1 & ! rema9+ t5 deal ) cosmography & geography or ) ! equipm5t ( ! prie/s & ! p>aph]nalia ( ! sacr$ rites4 ,clem5t does n say s1 b f 8 brief summ>y "o c imag9e h[ full ^! volumes probably 7 ( occult virtues ( natural sub/ances1 ( magical proc$ure1 & ( intimate relations & int]actions betwe5 nature1 />s1 & spirits4 ,iambli*us repeats ! /atem5t ( ,seleucus t ,h]mes wrote tw5ty ?\s& volumes & ! ass]tion ( ,mane?o t !re 7 #cf1ebe books1 a numb] d\btless connect$ ) ! suppos$ l5g? ( ! ye>1 ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five & "o-qu>t] days4#abid ,iambli*us adds t ,h]mes wrote "o hundr$ treatises on ! e!real gods & "o ?\s& conc]n+ ! cele/ial gods4#abie ,he is aw>e1 h[ev]1 t mo/ books attribut$ to ,h]mes 7 n really compos$ by him1 s9ce 9 o!r passages he speaks ( 8! books :i* are circulat$ "u ! "n ( ,h]mes10#abif & expla9s t 8our ance/ors 444 inscrib$ all _! own writ+s ) ! "n ( ,h]mes10#abig ?us d$icat+ !m to him z ! patron deity ( language & !ology4 ,by ! "t ( ,iambli*us ^! books _h be5 translat$ f ! ,egyptian tongue into ,greek4 ,sid5ote3 ,poim&res & ! ,h]metic ,corpus4 ,!re has come d[n to u "u ! "n ( ,h]mes a collection ( sev5te5 or eighte5 fragm5ts :i* is g5]ally kn[n z ! ,h]metic ,corpus4 ,( ! fragm5ts ! fir/ & *ief is entitl$ ,poim&res 771 a "n :i* is sometimes appli$ to ! entire ,corpus4 ,ano!r fragm5t entitl$ ,asclepius1 s9ce x is 9 ! =m ( a dialogue betwe5 him & 8,m]curius ,trismegi/us10 exi/s 9 a ,lat9 =m :i* has be5 ascrib$ probably incorrectly to ,apuleius ( ,madaura z translator 7,asclepius 444 ,m]curii trismegi/i dialogus ,lucio ,apuleio ,madaur5si philosopho ,platonico int]prete74 ,none ( ! ,greek manuscripts ( ! ,corpus seems old] ?an ! f\rte5? c5tury1 al?\gh ,reitz5/e9 ?9ks t !y may all be d]iv$ f ! v]sion :i* ,mi*ael ,psellus _h be=e him 9 ! elev5? c5tury4#abih ,b ! conclud+ pray] ( ! ,poim&res exi/s 9 a ?ird c5tury papyrus1 & ! al*emi/ ,zosimus 9 ! f\r? c5tury seems acqua9t$ ) ! entire collection4 ,! treatises 9 ?is ,corpus are conc]n$ prim>ily ) religi\s philosophy or !osophy1 ) doctr9es simil> to ^? ( ,plato conc]n+ ! s\l & to ! tea*+s ( ! ,gno/ics4 ,! moral & religi\s in/ruction is associat$1 h[ev]1 ) a physics & cosmology v favorable to a/rology & magic4 ,( magic 9 ! n>r[ s5se !re is little 9 ! ,corpus1 b a ,h]metic fragm5t pres]v$ by ,/obaeus affirms t 8philosophy & magic n\ri% ! s\l40 ,a/rology plays a mu* m prom95t "p1 & ! />s are rank$ z visible gods1 ( :om ! sun is by f> ! greate/4 ,all sev5 planets nev]!less control ! *anges 9 ! _w ( nature2 !re are sev5 human types correspond+ to !m2 & ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac also gov]n ! human body4 ,only ! *os5 few :o possess gnosis or are capable ( receiv+ n\s c escape ! decrees ( fate z adm9i/]$ by ! />s & ultimately return to ! spiritual _w1 pass+ ?r\gh 8*oruses ( demons0 & 8c\rses ( />s0 & rea*+ ! ,ogdoad or eigh? heav5 above & beyond ! sph]es ( ! sev5 planets4#abii ,su* ,gno/ic cosmology & demonology1 especially ! location ( demons amid ! planet>y sph]es1 provides favorable gr\nd = ! developm5t ( a/rological necromancy4 ,sid5ote3 ,a/rological treatises ascrib$ to ,h]mes4 ,n only is a belief 9 a/rology impli$ ?r\gh\t ! ,poim&res1 b a numb] ( sep>ate a/rological treatises are extant 9 :ole or "p "u ! "n ( ,h]mes ,trismegi/us1#acjj & he is frequ5tly cit$ z an au?ority 9 o!r ,greek a/rological manuscripts4#acja ,! treatises attribut$ to him comprise "o ^u g5]al me?od1#acjb "o on ! names & p[]s ( ! twelve signs1 "o on a/rological m$ic9e address$ to ,ammon ! ,egyptian1#acjc "o on ?und] & lightn+1 & "s hexamet]s on ! relation ( e>?quakes to ! signs ( ! zodiac4 ,?is la/ is also ascrib$ to ,orpheus4#acjd ,!re are v>i\s allusions to & v]sions ( tracts conc]n+ ! relation ( h]bs to ! planets or signs ( ! zodiac or ?irty-six decans4#acje ,^! treatises attribute magic virtues to plants1 include a pray] to be repeat$ :5 pluck+ ea* h]b1 & tell h[ to use ! a/rological figures ( ! decans1 engrav$ on /ones1 z heal+ amulets4 ,sid5ote3 ,h]metic works ( al*emy4 ,works "u ! "n ( ,h]mes ,trismegi/us are cit$ by ,greek al*emi/s ( ! clos+ ,roman ,empire1 su* z ,zosimus1 ,/ephanus1 & ,olympiodorus1 b ^? ,h]metic treatises ( al*emy :i* are extant are ( late date & mu* alt]$4#acjf ,"s treatises are pres]v$ only 9 ,arabic2 o!rs are m$ieval ,lat9 fabrications4 ,! ,greek al*emi/s1 h[ev]1 seem to h recit$ ! my/ic hymn ( ,h]mes f ! ,poim&res4#acjg ,sid5ote3 ,ne*epso & ,petosiris4 ,hell5i/ic & ,roman a/rology s\ght to ext5d its roots f> back into ,egyptian antiquity by putt+ =? spuri\s treatises "u ! names1 n only ( ,h]mes ,trismegi/us1 b also ( ,ne*epso & ,petosiris1#acjh :o 7 reg>d$ respectively z an ,egyptian k+ & an ,egyptian prie/ :o _h liv$ at lea/ sev5 c5turies be=e ,*ri/4 ,inde$1 !y 7 held to be ! recipi5ts ( div9e revelation f ,h]mes & ,asclepius4 ,a l5g?y a/rological treatise1 :i* ,pl9y#acji is ! fir/ to cite & f a f\rte5? book ( :i* ,gal5#acaj m5tions a magic r+ ( jasp] engrav$ ) a dragon & rays1 seems to h appe>$ 9 _! names probably at ,alex&ria 9 ! ,hell5i/ic p]iod4 ,only fragm5ts & citations ascrib$ to ,ne*epso & ,petosiris are n[ extant4#acaa ,sid5ote3 ,mane?o4 ,yet ano!r a/rological "w :i* claims to be drawn f ! secret sacr$ books & cryptic monum5ts ( anci5t ,egypt is ascrib$ to ,mane?o4 ,x is a compilation 9 v]se ( progno/ications f ! v>i\s con/ellations & is reg>d$ z ! "w ( sev]al writ]s1 ( :om ! olde/ is plac$ 9 ! reign ( ,alex&] ,sev]us 9 ! ?ird c5tury4#acab ,sid5ote3 ,! ,li?ica ( ,orpheus4 ,orpheus is ano!r au?or m cit$ ?an pres]v$ by classical antiquity4 ,pl9y call$ him ! fir/ writ] on h]bs & suspect$ him ( magic4 ,erne/ ,riess affirms t ,rohde 7,psy*e1 p4 #cih7 8has abundantly prov$ t ,orpheus' foll[]s 7 among ! *ief promulgators ( purifications & *>ms aga9/ evil spirits40#acac ,among poems ( "s l5g? extant "u ,orpheus' "n ! "o ( mo/ int]e/ to u is ! ,li?ica1 :]e 9 #ggj l9es ! virtues ( "s ?irty gems are set =? ) consid]able allusion to magic4#acad ,! au?or%ip is unc]ta91 b ! v]se is suppos$ to foll[ ! prose treatise by ,damig]on :o liv$ 9 ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,! date ( ! poem is n[ g5]ally fix$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury ( our era1 al?\gh ,k+#acae argu$ = an e>li] date4 ,i agree ) him t ! allusion 9 l9es #ga-gd to decapitation on ! *>ge ( magic is1 tak5 alone1 too vague & bl9d to be associat$ ) any p>ticul> ev5t or "t2 editors s9ce ,tyr:itt h connect$ x ) ! law ( ,con/antius aga9/ magic & ! p]secution ( magicians 9 #cga ,a4 ,d4 ,b ,k+'s cont5tion t ! ,li?ica is by ! same au?or z ! ,argonautica1 also ascrib$ to ,orpheus1 & is !re=e ( e>ly date1 falls to ! gr\nd s9ce ! ,argonautica1 too1 is n[ dat$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,argum5t ( ! poem4 ,! ,li?ica op5s by repres5t+ ,h]mes z be/[+ ^u mank9d ! preci\s lore ( ! m>vel\s virtues ( gems4 ,9 8 cave are /or$ /ones :i* bani% gho/s1 robb]s1 & snakes1 :i* br+ heal?1 happ9ess1 victory 9 w> & games1 honor at c\rts & success 9 love1 & :i* insure safety on j\rneys1 ! favor ( ! gods1 & enable "o to read ! hidd5 ?\ghts ( o!rs & to und]/& ! language ( ! birds z !y pr$ict ! future4 ,few p]sons1 h[ev]1 avail !mselves ( ?is my/ic lore1 & ^? :o d s are liable to be execut$ on ! *>ge ( magic4 ,aft] ?is introduction1 :i* may be reg>d$ z a piquant appetiz] to :et ! read]'s ta/e = fur!r details1 ! virtues ( individual /ones are describ$1 fir/ 9 ! words ( ,!odamas1 a wise & div9e man#acaf :om ! au?or meets on 8 way to p]=m annual sacrifice at an alt> ( ! ,sun1 :]e z a *ild he n>r[ly escap$ f a deadly snake1 & !n 9 a spee* ( ! se] ,hel5us to ,philoctetes :i* ,!odamas quotes4 ,greek gods are (t5 m5tion$2 z ! poem proce$s ! virtues ( a numb] ( gems are attribut$ to ,apollo r ?an ,h]mes2 & !re are allusions to ,greek my?ology & ! ,trojan w>4 ,"s gems are f\nd 9 animals1 = in/ance1 9 ! vip] or ! bra9 ( ! /ag4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic p[]s ( /ones4 ,let u turn to "s examples ( ! m>vel\s virtues ( p>ticul> /ones4 ,! cry/al w9s favorable answ]s f ! gods to pray]s2 k9dles fire1 if held ov] /icks1 yet itself rema9s cold2 z a ligature b5efits kidney tr\ble4 ,sacrifices 9 :i* ! adamant is employ$ w9 ! favor ( ! gods2 x is also call$ ,le?aean because x makes "o =get worries1 or ! milk-/one 7galactis7 because x r5ews ! milk ( %eep or goats :5 p[d]$ 9 br9e & spr9kl$ ov] !m4 ,worn z an amulet x c\nt]acts ! evil eye & ga9s royal favor = its be>]4 ,! agate is an agricultural amulet & %\ld be atta*$ to ! pl[man's arm & ! horns ( ! ox54 ,o!r /ones help v9ey>ds1 br+ ra9 or av]t hail & pe/s f ! crops4 ,ly*nis prev5ts a pot f boil+ on a fire & makes x boil :5 ! fire is dead4 ,! magnet 0 us$ by ! wit*es ,circe & ,m$ea 9 _! spells2 an un*a/e wife is unable to rema9 9 ! b$ :]e ?is /one has be5 plac$ ) an incantation4 ,o!r /ones cure snake-bite & v>i\s diseases1 s]ve z love-*>ms or aids 9 *ild-bir?1 or c\nt]act incantations & en*antm5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic rites to ga9 p[]s ( div9ation4 ,to make ! gem sid]itis or oreites utt] vocal oracles ! op]ator mu/ ab/a9 = ?ree weeks f animal food1 ! public ba?s1 & ! m>riage b$2 he is !n to wa% & clo! ! gem l an infant & employ v>i\s sacrifices1 incantations1 & illum9ations4 ,! gem ,lip>aios1 kn[n to ! le>n$ ,magi ( ,assyria1 :5 burnt on a bloodless alt> ) hymns to ! ,sun & ,e>? attracts snakes f _! holes to ! flame4 ,?ree y\?s rob$ 9 :ite & c>ry+ two-edg$ swords %\ld cut up ! snake :o comes ne>e/ ! fire into n9e pieces1 ?ree = ! ,sun1 ?ree = ! e>?1 ?ree = ! wise & prophetic maid54 ,^! pieces are !n to be cook$ ) w9e1 salt1 & spices & eat5 by ^? :o wi% to le>n ! language ( birds & bea/s4 ,b fur!r ! gods mu/ be invok$ by _! secret names & libations p\r$ ( milk1 w9e1 oil1 & honey4 ,:at is n eat5 mu/ be buri$1 & ! p>ticipants 9 ! fea/ are !n to return home we>+ *aplets b o!rwise nak$ & speak+ to no "o :om !y may meet4 ,on _! arrival home !y are to sacrifice mix$ spices4 ,x w be recall$ t ,apollonius ( ,tyana & ! ,arabs also le>n$ ! language ( ! birds by eat+ snake-fle%4 ,sid5ote3 ,p[]s ( gems comp>$ ) h]bs4 ,?us gems are pot5t 9 religion & div9ation1 love-*>ms & *ild-bir?1 m$ic9e & agriculture4 ,! poem fails1 h[ev]1 to t\* ^u _! uses 9 al*emy or relations to ! />s1 nor does x conta9 mu* ( any?+ t c be call$ necromancy4 ,b ! au?or ranks ! virtues ( /ones above ^? ( h]bs1 ^: p[]s disappe> ) age4 ,moreov]1 "s plants are injuri\s1 :]eas ! m>vel\s virtues ( /ones are almo/ all b5eficial z well z p]man5t4 8,!re is great =ce 9 h]bs10 he says1 8b f> great] 9 /ones10#acag an obs]vation (t5 repeat$ 9 ! middle ages4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic h]bs & demons 9 ,orphic rites4 ,m /ress is laid ^u ! p[] ( demons & h]bs 9 a description :i* has be5 left u by ,sa9t ,cyprian1#acah bi%op ( ,antio* 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 ( "s pagan my/]ies ^u ,m\nt ,olympus into :i* he 0 initiat$ :5 a boy ( fifte5 & :i* h be5 expla9$ z ,orphic rites4 ,8 initiation 0 "u ! *>ge ( sev5 hi]ophants1 la/$ = =ty days1 & includ$ in/ruction 9 ! virtues ( magic h]bs & visions ( ! op]ations ( demons4 ,he 0 also taught ! mean+ ( musical notes & h>monies1 & saw h[ times & seasons 7 gov]n$ by good & evil spirits4 ,9 %ort1 magic1 pseudo-sci5ce1 occult virtue1 & p]haps a/rology =m$ an important "p ( ,orphic lore4 ,sid5ote3 ,books ascrib$ to ,zoroa/]4 ,cumont /ates 9 8 ,ori5tal ,religions 9 ,roman ,paganism t 8t[>ds ! end ( ! ,alex&r9e p]iod ! books ascrib$ to ! half-my?ical ma/]s ( ! ,p]sian sci5ce1 ,zoroa/]1 ,ho/hanes & ,hy/aspes1 7 translat$ into ,greek1 & until ! end ( paganism ^? names enjoy$ a prodigi\s au?ority40#acai ,pl9y reg>d$ ,zoroa/] z ! f\nd] ( magic & we h met o!r examples ( 8 reputation z a magician4 ,lat] we %all f9d him cit$ sev]al times 9 ! ,byzant9e ,geoponica :i* seems to use a book ascrib$ to him on ! sympa?y & antipa?y exi/+ betwe5 natural objects4#acbj ,naturally a numb] ( pseudo-,zoroa/rian books 7 9 circulation1 "s ( :i* ,porphyry1 ! ,neo-,platoni/1 is said to h suppress$4 ,at lea/ he tells u 9 8 ,life ( ,plot9us#acba t c]ta9 ,*ri/ians & o!r m5 claim$ to possess c]ta9 revelations ( ,zoroa/]1 b t he advanc$ _m argum5ts to %[ t _! book 0 n writt5 by ,zoroa/] b 0 a rec5t composition4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*aldean ,oracles4 ,!re has be5 pres]v$1 h[ev]1 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,neo-,platoni/s a collection ( passages kn[n z ! ,zoroa/rian ,logia or ,*aldean ,oracles#acbb & :i* 8pres5t 444 a het]og5e\s mass1 n[ obscure & aga9 bomba/ic1 ( comm+l$ ,platonic1 ,py?agorean1 ,/oic1 ,gno/ic1 & ,p]sian t5ets40#acbc ,n only are ^! (t5 cit$ by ! ,neo-,platoni/s1 b ,porphyry1 ,iambli*us1 & ,proclus compos$ comm5t>ies ^u !m4#acbd ,"s ?9k t ^! citations & comm5t>ies h ref]5ce to a s+le "w put toge!r by ,julian ! ,*aldean 9 ! p]iod ( ! ,anton9es4 ,?is 8mass ( ori5tal sup]/itions1 a m$ley ( magic1 !urgy1 & deliri\s metaphysics10#acbe 0 rev]5c$ by ! ,neo-,platoni/s ( ! foll[+ c5turies z a sacr$ au?ority equal to ! ,timaeus ( ,plato4 ,our next *apt] w !re=e deal ) ! writ+s ( ! ,neo-,platoni/s ^u :om ?is spuri\s my/ic lit]ature _h s mu* influ5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,neo-,,platonism ,,& ,,its ,,relations ,,to ,,a/rology ,,& ,,!urgy ,neo-,platonism & ! occult--,plot9us on magic--,! life ( reason is alone free f magic--,plot9us unh>m$ by magic--,invok+ ! demon ( ,plot9us--,rite ( /rangl+ birds--,plot9us & a/rology--,! />s z signs--,! div9e />-s\ls--,h[ d ! />s cause & signify8--,o!r causes & signs ?an ! />s--,/>s n ! cause ( evil--,aga9/ ! a/rology ( ! ,gno/ics--,fate & free-w--,summ>y ( ! attitude ( ,plot9us to a/rology--,porphyry's ,lett] to ,anebo--,its ma9 argum5t--,que/ions conc]n+ div9e natures--,ord]s ( spiritual be+s--,nature ( demons--,! art ( !urgy--,invocations & ! p[] ( words--,magic a human art3 !urgy div9e--,magic's abuse ( nature's =ces--,its evil "*--,its deceit & unreality--,porphyry on modes ( div9ation--,iambli*us on div9ation--,are ! />s gods8--,is !re an art ( a/rology8--,porphyry & a/rology--,a/rological images--,numb] my/icism--,porphyry z report$ by ,eusebius--,! emp]or ,julian on !urgy & a/rology--,julian & div9ation--,sci5tific div9ation accord+ to ,ammianus ,m>cell9us--,proclus on !urgy--,neo-,platonic acc\nt ( magic borr[$ by ,*ri/ians--,neo-,platoni/s & al*emy4 ,sid5ote3 ,neo-,platonism & ! occult4 ,t ! ,neo-,platoni/s 7 mu* giv5 to ! occult has be5 a common impression among ^? :o h writt5 ^u ! p]iod ( ! decl9e ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ( ! end ( paganism1 & ! pass+ ( classical philosophy4 ,?is is p]haps 9 "s measure ! result ( ,*ri/ian viewpo9t & ho/ility2 probably ! ,*ri/ians ( ! p]iod w\ld seem equally sup]/iti\s to a mod]n ,neo-,platoni/4 ,if ! lives ( ! philosoph]s by ,eunapius s\nd l fairy tales1#acbf :at d ! lives ( ! sa9ts ( ! same p]iod s\nd l8 ,if ! ,neo-,platoni/s 7 l our m$iums1 :at 7 ! ,*ri/ian exorci/s l8 ,b let u turn to ! writ+s ( ! lead+ ,neo-,platoni/s !mselves1 ! only accurate mirror ( _! views4 ,sid5ote3 ,plot9us on magic4 ,plot9us1#acbg :o liv$ f ab\t #bjd to #bgj ,a4 ,d4 & is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! f\nd] ( ,neo-,platonism1 0 app>5tly less giv5 to occult sci5ces ?an "s ( 8 successors4#acbh ,"o ( 8 *>ges aga9/ ! ,gno/ics#acbi is t !y believe t !y c move ! high] & incorporeal p[]s by writ+ incantations & by spok5 words & v>i\s o!r vocal utt]ances1 all :i* he c5sures z m]e magic & sorc]y4 ,he also attacks _! belief t diseases are demons & c be expell$ by words4 ,?is w9s !m a foll[+ among ! cr[d :o are wont to m>vel at ! p[]s ( magicians1 b ,plot9us insi/s t diseases are due to natural causes4#accj ,ev5 he1 h[ev]1 accept$ incantations & ! *>ms ( sorc]]s & magicians z valid1 & acc\nt$ = _! pot5cy by ! sympa?y or love & hatr$ :i* he said exi/$ betwe5 diff]5t objects 9 nature1 :i* op]ates ev5 at a di/ance1 & :i* is an expression ( "o _w-s\l animat+ ! univ]se4#acca ,sid5ote3 ,! life ( reason is alone free f magic4 ,plot9us held fur!r1 h[ev]1 t only ! physical & irrational side ( man's nature 0 affect$ by drugs & sorc]y1 j z 8ev5 demons are n impassive 9 _! irrational "p10#accb & s are to "s ext5t subject to magic4 ,b ! rational s\l may free itself f all influ5ce ( magic4#accc ,moreov]1 remorselessly adds ! cle>-head$ ,plot9us ) a bur/ ( insight t may well be attribut$ to ,hell5ic g5ius1 he :o yields to ! *>ms ( love & family affection or seeks political p[] or aught else ?an ,tru? & true beauty1 or ev5 he :o se>*es = beauty 9 inf]ior ?+s2 he :o is deceiv$ by appe>ances1 he :o foll[s irrational incl9ations1 is z truly bewit*$ z if he 7 ! victim ( magic & goetia s-call$4 ,! life ( reason is alone free f magic4#accd ,:]eat "o is tempt$ to p>aphrase a rem>k ( ,aelian#acce & exclaim1 8,:at d y ?9k ( t def9ition ( magic1 my de> an?ropologi/s & sociologi/s & mod]n /ud5ts ( folk-lore80 ,sid5ote3 ,plot9us unh>m$ by magic4 ,?is immunity ( ! true philosoph] & s9c]e foll[] ( tru? f magic receiv$ illu/ration1 accord+ to ,porphyry1#accf 9 ! case ( ,plot9us himself1 :o suff]$ no h>m f ! magic arts :i* 8 enemy1 ,alex&r9us ,olympius1 direct$ aga9/ him4 ,in/ead ! baleful defluxions f ! />s :i* ,olympius _h tri$ to draw d[n ^u ,plot9us 7 turn$ ^u himself4 ,porphyry also /ates#accg t ,plot9us 0 aw>e at ! "t ( ! 8sid]eal en*antm5ts0 ( ,olympius aga9/ him4 ,incid5tally ! episode provides "o m pro( ( ! ess5tial unity ( a/rology & magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,invok+ ! demon ( ,plot9us4 ,plot9us1 inde$1 0 reg>d$ by 8 admir]s z div9ely inspir$1 z ano!r incid5t f ! ,life by ,porphyry w illu/rate4#acch ,an ,egyptian prie/ _h little difficulty 9 p]suad+ ,plot9us1 :o al?\gh ( ,roman p>5tage _h be5 born 9 ,egypt1 to all[ him to try to invoke 8 famili> demon4 ,plot9us 0 !n tea*+ 9 ,rome :]e he resid$ = tw5ty-six ye>s1 & ! temple ( ,isis 0 ! only pure place 9 ! city :i* ! prie/ c\ld f9d = ! c]emony4 ,:5 ! invocation _h be5 duly p]=m$1 !re appe>$ n a m]e demon b a god4 ,! app>ition 0 n long endur+1 h[ev]1 nor w\ld ! prie/ p]mit !m to "q x1 on ! gr\nd t "o ( ! fri5ds ( ,plot9us pres5t _h m>r$ ! success ( ! op]ation4 ,?is man _h fe>$ he might suff] "s injury :5 ! demon appe>$ & z a c\nt]-*>m _h br\ght "s birds :i* he held 9 8 h&s1 app>5tly by ! necks1 = at ! critical mom5t :5 ! app>ition appe>$ he suffocat$ !m1 :e!r f fright or f envy ( ,plot9us ,porphyry decl>es himself unable to /ate4 ,sid5ote3 ,! rite ( /rangl+ birds4 ,?is practice ( grasp+ birds by ! necks 9 bo? h&s is %[n by a numb] ( works ( art to h be5 a cu/om ( great antiquity4 ,we may see a w+$ ,gorgon /rangl+ a goose 9 ei!r h& ^u a plate ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c4 f ,rhodes n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4#acci ,a gold p5dant ( ! n9? c5tury ,b4,c4 f ,aeg9a1 n[ also 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 consi/s ( a figure hold+ a wat]-bird by ! neck 9 ei!r h&1 :ile f its ?ighs pairs ( s]p5ts issue on ^: folds ! birds /& ) _! bills t\*+ ! fangs ( ! snakes4#acdj ,!re also is a figure ( a w+$ goddess grasp+ two wat]-birds by ! necks ^u an ivory fibula excavat$ at ,sp>ta4#acda ,sid5ote3 ,plot9us & a/rology4 ,porphyry also tells u 9 ! ,life t ,plot9us devot$ consid]able att5tion to ! />s & refut$ 9 8 writ+s ! unw>rantable claims ( ! ca/]s ( horoscopes4#acdb ,su* passages are f\nd 9 ! treatises on fate & on ! s\l1 :ile "o ( 8 treatises is devot$ entirely to ! "q1 8,:e!r ! />s effect any?+80#acdc ,?is 0 "o ( f\r treatises :i* ,plot9us a little be=e 8 dea? s5t to ,porphyry1 & :i* are reg>d$ z r inf]ior to ^? compos$ by him :5 9 ! prime ( life4 ,9 ! next c5tury ! a/rolog]1 ,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 reg>ds ,plot9us z an enemy ( a/rology & repres5ts him z dy+ a horrible & loa?some dea? f gangr5e4#acdd ,sid5ote3 ,! />s z signs4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! criticisms made by ,plot9us 7 n necess>ily de/ructive to ! art ( a/rology1 b r sugge/$ a s]ies ( am5dm5ts by :i* x might be made m compatible ) a ,platonic view ( ! univ]se1 deity1 & human s\l4 ,^! am5dm5ts also t5d$ to meet ,*ri/ian objections to ! art4 ,8 criticisms 7 n new2 ,philo ,judaeus _h made simil> ones ov] two c5turies be=e4#acde ,b ! great influ5ce ( ,plot9us gave add$ emphasis to ^! criticisms4 ,= in/ance1 ! po9t made by him sev]al times t ! motion ( ! />s 8does n cause ev]y?+ b signifies ! future conc]n+ ea*0#acdf man & ?+1 is not$ by ,macrobius bo? 9 ! ,saturnalia#acdg & ! ,dream ( ,scipio2#acdh :ile 9 ! twelf? c5tury ,john ( ,salisbury1 argu+ aga9/ a/rology1 fe>s t its devotees w take refuge 9 ! au?ority ( ,plot9us & say t !y detract no?+ f ! ,creator's p[]1 s9ce ,he e/abli%$ once = all an unalt]able natural law & dispos$ all future ev5ts z ,he =esaw !m4 ,?us ! />s are m]ely ,8 in/rum5ts4#acdi ,sid5ote3 ,! div9e />-s\ls4 ,b let u see :at ,plot9us says himself r ?an :at o!rs took to be 8 mean+4 ,l ,plato1 :o reg>d$ ! />s z happy1 div9e1 & et]nal animals1 ,plot9us n only believes t ! />s h s\ls b t _! intellectual processes are f> above ! frailties ( ! human m9d & ne>] ! omnisci5ce ( ! _w-s\l4 ,memory1 = example1 is ( no use to !m1#acej nor d !y he> ! pray]s :i* m5 address to !m4#acea ,plot9us (t5 calls !m gods4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 p>ts ( ! univ]se1 subord9ate to ! _w-s\l1 & !y _c alt] ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! univ]se1 nor deprive o!r be+s ( _! individuality1 al?\gh !y are able to make o!r be+s bett] or worse4#aceb ,sid5ote3 ,h[ d ! />s cause & signify8 ,9 8 discussion ( problems conc]n+ ! s\l ,plot9us says t 8x is abundantly evid5t 444 t ! motion ( ! heav5s affects ?+s on e>? & n only 9 bodies b also ! dispositions ( ! s\l10#acec & t ea* "p ( ! heav5s affects t]re/rial & inf]ior objects4 ,he does n1 h[ev]1 ?9k t all ?is influ5ce c be acc\nt$ = 8exclusively by heat or cold10--p]haps a dig at ,ptolemy's ,tetrabiblos4#aced ,he also objects to ascrib+ ! crimes ( m5 to ! w ( ! />s or e human act to a sid]eal decision1#acee & to speak+ ( fri5d%ips & enmities z exi/+ betwe5 ! planets accord+ z !y are 9 ?is or t aspect t[>ds "o ano!r4#acef ,if !n ! admitt$ly va/ influ5ce ( ! />s _c be satisfactorily acc\nt$ = ei!r z mat]ial effects caus$ by !m z bodies or z volunt>y action tak5 by !m1 h[ is x to be expla9$8 ,plot9us acc\nts = x by ! relation ( sympa?y :i* exi/s betwe5 all p>ts ( ! univ]se1 t s+le liv+ animal1 & by ! fact t ! univ]se expresses itself 9 ! figures =m$ by ! movem5ts ( ! cele/ial bodies1 :i* 8ex]t :at influ5ce !y d ex]t on ?+s "h bel[ ?r\gh contemplation ( ! intelligible _w40#aceg ,^! figures1 or con/ellations 9 ! a/rological s5se1 h o!r p[]s ?an ^? ( ! bodies :i* p>ticipate 9 !m1 j z _m plants & /ones 8among u0 h m>vel\s occult p[]s = :i* heat & cold w n acc\nt4#aceh ,!y bo? ex]t influ5ce effectively & are signs ( ! future ?r\gh _! relation to ! univ]sal :ole4 ,9 _m ?+s !y are bo? causes & signs1 9 o!rs !y are signs only4#acei ,sid5ote3 ,o!r causes & signs ?an ! />s4 ,= ,plot9us1 h[ev]1 ! univ]se is n a me*anical "o :]e b "o =ce prevails1 namely1 t produc$ by or repres5t$ by ! con/ellations4 ,! univ]se is full ( v>iety ) c\ntless diff]5t p[]s1 & ! :ole w\ld n be a liv+ animal unless ea* liv+ ?+ 9 x liv$ its own life1 & unless life 7 lat5t ev5 9 inanimate objects4 ,x is true t "s p[]s are m effective ?an o!rs1 & t ^? ( ! sky are m s ?an ^? ( e>?1 & t _m ?+s lie "u _! p[]4 ,nev]!less ,plot9us sees 9 ! reproduction ( life & species 9 ! univ]se a =ce indep5d5t ( ! />s4 ,9 ! g5]ation ( any animal1 = example1 ! />s contribute some?+1 b ! species mu/ foll[ t ( its =ebe>s4#acfj ,& aft] !y h be5 produc$ or begott51 t]re/rial be+s add some?+ ( _! own4 ,nor are ! />s ! sole signs ( ! future4 ,plot9us holds t 8all ?+s are full ( signs10 & t ! sage c n m]ely pr$ict f />s or birds1 b inf] "o ?+ f ano!r by virtue ( ! h>mony & sympa?y exi/+ betwe5 all p>ts ( ! univ]se4#acfa ,sid5ote3 ,/>s n ! cause ( evil4 ,nor c ! gods or />s be said to cause evil on e>?1 s9ce _! influ5ce is affect$ by o!r =ces :i* m+le ) x4 ,l ! e>li] ,jewi% ,platoni/1 ,philo1 ,plot9us d5ies t ! planets are ! cause ( evil or *ange _! own natures f good to evil z !y ent] new signs ( ! zodiac or take up diff]5t positions 9 relation to "o ano!r4 ,he argues t !y are n *angeable be+s1 t !y w\ld n will+ly injure m51 or1 if x is cont5d$ t !y are m]e bodies & h no wills1 he replies t !n !y c produce only corporeal effects4 ,he !n solves ! problem ( evil 9 ! usual mann] by ascrib+ x to matt]1 9 :i* reason & ! cele/ial =ce are receiv$ unev5ly1 z light is brok5 & refract$ 9 pass+ ?r\gh wat]4#acfb ,sid5ote3 ,aga9/ ! a/rology ( ! ,gno/ics4 ,plot9us repeats mu* ! same l9e ( argum5t 9 8 book aga9/ ! ,gno/ics1 :]e he prote/s aga9/ 8! trag$y ( t]rors :i* !y ?9k exi/s 9 ! sph]es ( ! univ]se10#acfc & ! tyranny !y ascribe to ! heav5ly bodies4 ,8 belief is t ! cele/ial sph]es are 9 p]fect h>mony bo? ) ! univ]se z a :ole & ) our globe1 complet+ ! :ole & con/itut+ a great "p ( x1 supply+ beauty & ord]4 ,& (t5 !y are to be reg>d$ z signs r ?an causes ( ! future4 ,_! natures are con/ant1 b ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts may be v>i$ by *ance circum/ances1 su* z diff]5t h\rs ( nativities1 place ( resid5ce1 & ! dispositions ( individual s\ls4 ,amid all ?is div]sity "o mu/ also expect bo? good & evil1 b n on t acc\nt call nature or ! />s ei!r evil !mselves or ! cause ( evil4 ,sid5ote3 ,fate & free-w4 ,z ! allusion j made 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph to 8! dispositions ( individual s\ls0 %[s1 ,plot9us made a di/9ction betwe5 ! ext5t ( ! control ex]cis$ by ! />s ov] inanimate1 animate1 & rational be+s4 ,! />s signify all ?+s 9 ! s5sible _w b ! s\l is free unless x slips & is /a9$ by ! body & s comes "u _! control4 ,fate or ! =ce ( ! />s is l a w9d :i* %akes & tosses ! %ip ( ! body 9 :i* ! s\l makes its passage4 ,man z a "p ( ! _w does "s ?+s & suff]s _m ?+s 9 accordance ) de/9y4 ,"s m5 become slaves to ?is _w & to ext]nal influ5ces1 z if !y 7 bewit*$4 ,o!rs look to _! inn] s\ls & /rive to free !mselves f ! s5sible _w & to rise above demonic nature & all fate ( nativities & all necessity ( ?is _w1 & to live 9 ! intelligible _w above#acfd4 ,sid5ote3 ,summ>y ( ! attitude ( ,plot9us to a/rology4 ,?us ,plot9us arrives at practically :at 0 to be ! usual ,*ri/ian position 9 ! middle ages reg>d+ ! influ5ce ( ! />s1 ma9ta9+ ! fre$om ( ! human w & yet all[+ a l>ge field to a/rological pr$iction4 ,he is evid5tly m conc]n$ to combat ! notion t ! />s cause evil or are to be fe>$ z evil p[]s ?an he is to combat ! belief 9 _! influ5ce & significations4 ,8 speak+ ( ! />s bo? z signs & causes 9 a way d\bles ! possibility ( pr$iction f !m4 ,if he attack$ ! language us$ by a/rolog]s ( ! planets1 & p]haps to a c]ta9 ext5t ! te*nique ( _! art1 he support$ a/rology by reconcil+ ! exi/5ce ( evil & ( human fre$om ) a great influ5ce ( ! />s & by 8 emphasis ^u ! importance ( ! figures made by ! movem5ts ( ! heav5ly bodies above any purely physical effects ( _! bodies z su*4 ,?us he re9=c$ ! conception ( occult virtue1 always "o ( ! *ief pill>s1 if n ! *ief support1 ( occult sci5ce & magic4 ,on ! o!r h&1 m5 7 n likely to re=m a language & te*nique sanction$ by z great an a/ronom] z ,ptolemy m]ely because a ,neo-,platoni/ que/ion$ its propriety4 ,sid5ote3 ,porphyry's ,lett] to ,anebo4 ,al?\gh ,plot9us d5i$ t diseases 7 due to demons1 we once he>d him speak ( 8demonic nature10 & "o ( ! ,enneads discusses ,ea* man's own demon4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ! discussion is limit$ to ! p[] presid+ 9 ea* human s\l1 & no?+ is said ( magic4 ,= ! connection ( demons ) magic & = ! art ( !urgy we mu/ turn to ! writ+s ( ,porphyry & ,iambli*us1 & especially to ,! ,lett] to ,anebo ( ,porphyry1 :o liv$ f ab\t #bcc to #cje1 & ! reply !reto ( ! ma/] ,abammon1 a "w :i* is o!rwise kn[n z ,lib] de my/]iis#acfe4 ,! attribution ( ! latt] "w to ,iambli*us1 :o di$ ab\t #ccj1 is bas$ ^u an anonym\s ass]tion prefix$ to an anci5t manuscript ( ,proclus & ^u ! fact t ,proclus himself quotes a passage f ! ,de my/]iis z ! words ( ,iambli*us4 ,?is attribution has be5 que/ion$1 b if n by ,iambli*us1 ! "w seems to be at lea/ by "s disciple ( 8 ) simil> views#acff4 ,o!r works ( ,iambli*us are l>gely philosophical & ma!matical2 among ! *ief works ( ,porphyry1 ap>t f 8 lit]>y "w 9 connection ) ,plot9us1 7 8 comm5t>ies on ,ari/otle & fifte5 books aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,sid5ote3 ,its ma9 argum5t4 ,! ,lett] to ,anebo inquires conc]n+ ! nature ( ! gods1 ! demons1 & ! />s2 asks = an explanation ( div9ation & a/rology1 ( ! p[] ( names & incantations2 & que/ions ! employm5t ( invocations & sacrifice4 ,o!r topics br\ght up are ! rule ( spirits ov] ! _w ( nature1 p>tition$ out among !m = ?is purpose2 ! div9e inspiration or demoniacal possession ( human be+s2 & ! occult sympa?y betwe5 diff]5t ?+s 9 ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,9 especial ! art ( !urgy1 a ^w said to be us$ n[ = ! fir/ "t by ,porphyry1#acfg is discuss$4 ,x may be r\ghly def9$ = ! mom5t z a sort ( pi\s necromancy or magical cult ( ! gods4 ,porphyry raises v>i\s objections to ! proc$ure & logic ( ! !urgi/s1 div9]s1 en*ant]s1 & a/rolog]s1 :i* ,iambli*us1 z we %all h5ce=? call ! au?or ( ! ,de my/]iis z a matt] ( conv5i5ce if n ( c]ta9ty1 endeavors to answ]1 & to ju/ify ! art ( !urgy4 ,sid5ote3 ,que/ions conc]n+ div9e natures4 ,we may fir/ note ! !ory ( demons :i* is elicit$ f ,iambli*us 9 response to ,porphyry's tr5*ant & se>*+ que/ions4 ,! latt]1 decl>+ t ignorance & dis+5u\sness conc]n+ div9e natures are no less repreh5sible ?an impiety & impurity1 dem&s a sci5tific discussion ( ! gods z a holy & b5eficial act4 ,he asks :y1 if ! div9e p[] is inf9ite1 indivisible1 & incompreh5sible1 diff]5t places & diff]5t p>ts ( ! body are allott$ to diff]5t gods4 ,:y1 if ! gods are pure intellects1 !y are repres5t$ z hav+ passions1 are wor%ip$ ) phallic ritual1 & are tempt$ ) invocations & sacr$ (f]+s8 ,:y boa/ful spee* & fanta/ic action are tak5 z indications ( ! div9e pres5ce2 & :y1 if ! gods dwell 9 ! heav5s1 !urgi/s invoke only t]re/rial & subt]ranean deities8 ,h[ sup]ior be+s c be invok$ ) comm&s by _! inf]iors1 :y ! ,sun & ,moon are ?reat5$1 :y ! man mu/ be j & *a/e :o invokes spirits 9 ord] to secure unju/ ends or gratify lu/1 & :y ! wor%ip] mu/ ab/a9 f animal food & n t\* a corpse :5 sacrifices to ! gods consi/ ( ! bodies ( dead victims8 ,porphyry wi%es fur!r an explanation ( ! v>i\s g5]a ( gods1 visible & invisible1 corporeal & incorporeal1 b5efic5t & malici\s1 aquatic & a]ial4 ,he wants to "k :e!r ! />s are n gods1 h[ gods diff] f demons1 & :at ! di/9ction is betwe5 s\ls & h]oes4 ,sid5ote3 ,ord]s ( spiritual be+s4 ,iambli*us 9 reply /ates t z h]oes are elevat$ above s\ls1 s demons are inf]ior & subs]vi5t to ! gods & translate ! inf9ite1 ineffable1 & invisible div9e transc5d5t goodness into t]ms ( visible =ms1 en]gy1 & reason4#acfh ,he fur!r di/+ui%es 8! e!rial1 empyrean1 & cele/ial gods10 & angels1 ar*angels1 & ar*ons4#acfi ,z = corporeal1 visible1 a]ial1 & aquatic gods1 he affirms t ! gods h no bodies & no p>ticul> allotm5ts ( space1 b t natural objects p>ticipate 9 or are relat$ to ! gods e!rially or a]ially or aquatically1 ea* accord+ to its nature4#acgj 8,! cele/ial div9ities10 = example1 8are n compreh5d$ by bodies b conta9 bodies 9 _! div9e lives & en]gies4 ,!y are n !mselves conv]t$ to body1 b !y h a body :i* is conv]t$ to its div9e cause1 & t body does n imp$e _! intellectual & incorporeal p]fection40#acga ,iambli*us d5ies t !re are any malefic5t gods1 say+ t 8x is mu* bett] to ackn[l$ge our inability to expla9 ! occurr5ce ( evil ?an to admit any?+ impossible & false conc]n+ ! gods40#acgb ,b he admits ! exi/5ce ( bo? good & evil demons & makes ( ! latt] a conv5i5t scapegoat ^u :om to saddle any inconsi/5cies or impurities 9 religi\s rites & magical c]emony4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature ( demons4 ,iambli*us does n1 h[ev]1 hold ! view ( ,apuleius t demons are subject to passions4 ,!y are impassive & incapable ( suff]+4#acgc ,he scorns ! notion t ev5 ! wor/ demons c be allur$ by ! vapors ( animal sacrifice or t petty mortals c supply su* be+s ) any?+2#acgd x is r 9 ! consumption ( f\l matt] by pure fire 9 ! act ( sacrifice t !y take delight4 ,demons are n1 h[ev]1 l ! gods entirely sep>at$ f bodies4 ,! _w is divid$ up into prefectures among !m & !y are m or less insep>able f & id5tifi$ ) ! natural objects :i* !y gov]n4#acge ,?us !y may s]ve to enme% ! s\l 9 ! bonds ( matt] & ( fate1 & to afflict ! body ) disease4#acgf ,also ! evil demons 8are surr\nd$ by c]ta9 noxi\s1 blood-dev\r+1 & fi]ce wild bea/s10 probably ( ! type ( vampires & emp\sas4#acgg ,iambli*us fur!r holds t !re is a class ( demons :o are )\t judgm5t & reason1 ea* ( :om has "s "o function to p]=m & is n adapt$ to d any?+ else4#acgh ,su* demons or =ces 9 nature m5 may well address z sup]iors 9 invok+ !m1 s9ce !y are sup]ior to m5 9 _! "o special function2 b :5 !y h once be5 invok$1 man z a rational be+ may also well issue comm&s to !m z 8 irrational inf]iors4#acgi ,sid5ote3 ,! art ( !urgy4 ,iambli*us also und]takes ! def5se ( !urgy & c>efully di/+ui%es x f magic1 z we %all soon see4 ,x is also diff]5t f sci5ce1 s9ce x does n m]ely employ ! physical =ces ( ! natural univ]se1#achj & f philosophy1 s9ce its ineffable works are beyond ! rea* ( m]e intellig5ce1 & ^? :o m]ely philosophize !oretically _c hope = a !urgic union or communion ) ! gods4#acha ,ev5 !urgi/s _c z a rule endure ! light ( spiritual be+s high] ?an h]oes1 demons1 & angels1#achb & x is an exce$+ly r>e occurr5ce = "o ( !m to be unit$ ) ! supramundane gods4#achc ,?is !urgy1 or 8! art ( div9e works10 op]ates by means ( 8arcane signatures0 & 8! p[] ( inexplicable symbols40#achd ,x is ?us t ,iambli*us expla9s away mo/ ( ! details 9 sacr$ rites & sacrifices to :i* ,porphyry _h object$ z obsc5e or mat]ial & z imply+ t ! gods !mselves 7 passive & passionate4 ,!y are my/ic symbols1 8consecrat$ f et]nity0 = "s hidd5 reason 8:i* is m excell5t ?an reason40#ache ,occult virtues inde$6 ,we h already he>d ,iambli*us /ate t natural objects p>ticipate 9 or are relat$ to ! gods e!rially or a]ially or aquatically2 !urgi/s !re=e q prop]ly employ 9 _! art c]ta9 /ones1 h]bs1 aromatics1 & sacr$ animals4#achf ,by employ+ su* pot5t symbols m]e man takes on su* a sacr$ "* himself t he is able to comm& _m spiritual p[]s4#achg ,sid5ote3 ,invocations & ! p[] ( words4 ,invocations & pray]s are also mu* us$ 9 !urgical op]ations4 ,b su* invocations d n draw d[n ! impassive & pure gods to ?is _w2 r !y purify ^? :o employ !m f _! passions & impurity & exalt !m to union ) ! pure & ! div9e4#achh ,^! pray]s are symbolic1 too4 ,!y d n appeal to human passions or reason1 8= !y are p]fectly unkn[n & arcane & are alone kn[n to ! ,god :om !y invoke40#achi ,9 ano!r passage#acij ,iambli*us replies to ,porphyry's objection t su* pray]s are (t5 compos$ ( mean+less words & names )\t signification by decl>+--some:at inconsi/5tly ) 8 previ\s ass]tion t ^! invocations are 8p]fectly unkn[n0--t "s ( ! names 8:i* we c sci5tifically analyze0 compreh5d 8! :ole div9e ess5ce1 p[] & ord]40 ,moreov]1 if translat$ into ano!r language1 !y d n h exactly ! same mean+1 & ev5 if !y d1 !y no long] reta9 ! same p[] z 9 ! orig9al tongue4 ,we %all meet a simil> passage conc]n+ ! p[] ( words & div9e names 9 ! *ur* fa!r ,orig5 :o liv$ e>li] 9 ! ?ird c5tury ?an ,porphyry & ,iambli*us4 ,iambli*us concludes t 8x is necess>y t anci5t pray]s 444 %\ld be pres]v$ inv>iably ! same40#acia ,sid5ote3 ,magic a human art3 !urgy div9e4 ,nei!r ,porphyry nor ,iambli*us1 ,i believe1 employs ! ^w1 8magic10 b !y bo? (t5 allude to its practition]s & me?ods by su* expressions z 8juggl]s0 & 8en*ant]s0 or by contra/+ :at is done 8artificially0 or by means ( art ) !urgical op]ations4 ,9 ! la/ case ! di/9ction is betwe5 :at on ! "o h& is reg>d$ z a div9e my/]y or revelation & :at on ! o!r h& is look$ ^u z a m]e human art & contrivance4 ,& 8no?+ 444 :i* is fa%ion$ by human art is g5u9e & pure40#acib ,*ri/ian writ]s drew a l di/9ction betwe5 prophecy or miracle & div9ation or magic4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ,iambli*us speaks ( !urgy itself z an art1 an involunt>y admission ( ! close resemblance betwe5 its me?ods & ^? ( magic4 ,we are also told t if ! !urgi/ makes a slip 9 8 proc$ure1 he !reby r$uces x to ! level ( magic4#acic ,sid5ote3 ,magic's abuse ( nature's =ces4 ,ano!r di/9ction is t !urgy aims at communion ) ! gods :ile magic has to d r ) 8! physical or corporeal p[]s ( ! univ]se40#acid ,bo? ,porphyry & ,iambli*us believ$ t h>mony1 sympa?y1 & mutual attraction exi/$ betwe5 ! v>i\s objects 9 ! univ]se1 :i* ,iambli*us ass]t$ 0 "o animal4#acie ,?us x is possible = man to draw di/ant ?+s to himself or to unite !m to1 or sep>ate !m f1 "o ano!r4#acif ,b art may also use ?is =ce ( sympa?y betwe5 objects 9 an extreme & unseemly mann]1 & ?is disord]ly =c+ ( nature1 we are left to inf]1 con/itutes an ess5tial feature ( magic1 ^: proc$ure is n truly natural or sci5tific4 ,sid5ote3 ,its evil "*4 ,magic n only disord]s ! law & h>mony1 & makes a p]v]se & contr>y use ( natural =ces4 ,its practition]s are also repres5t$ z aim+ at evil ends & z !mselves ( evil "*4#acig ,!y may try by _! illicit & impure proc$ure to h int]c\rse ) ! gods or ) pure spirits1 b !y are unable to accompli% ?is4 ,all t !y succe$ 9 do+ is to secure ! alliance ( evil demons by associat+ ) :om !y become m deprav$ ?an ev]4 ,su* wick$ demons may pose z angels ( light by requir+ t ^? :o invoke !m %\ld be j or *a/e1 b aft]w>ds !y %[ _! true colors by assi/+ 9 crimes & ! gratification ( lu/s4#acih ,x is !y1 too1 :o assum+ ! guise ( sup]ior spirits are responsible = ! boa/ful & arrogant utt]ances ( :i* ,porphyry compla9$ 9 p]sons suppos$ to be div9ely inspir$4#acii ,sid5ote3 ,its deceit & unreality4 ,f9ally magic is un/able & fanta/ic4 8,! imag9ations artificially produc$ by en*antm5t0 are n real objects4 ,^? :o =etell ! future by 8/&+ on *>act]s0 are no !urgi/s1 b employ a sup]ficial1 false1 & deceptive proc$ure :i* c attract only evil demons4#adjj ,^! demons are !mselves deceitful & produce 8fictiti\s images40#adja ,porphyry 9 ! ,lett] to ,anebo also allud$ to ! frauds ( 8juggl]s40 ,al?\gh ! attitude bo? ( ,porphyry & ,iambli*us is ?us pr(ess$ly unfavorable to ! magic arts1 we f9d t "o ( ,iambli*us's disciples1 nam$ ,sopat]1 0 execut$ "u ,con/ant9e on a *>ge ( hav+ *>m$ ! w9ds4#adjb ,sid5ote3 ,porphyry on modes ( div9ation4 ,h[ is div9ation to be plac$ 9 ref]5ce to magic & !urgy8 ,porphyry _h inquir$ conc]n+ v>i\s me?ods ( div9ation3 9 sleep1 9 trances1 & :5 fully consci\s2 9 ec/asy1 9 disease1 & 9 /ates ( m5tal ab]ration or en*antm5t4 ,he m5tion$ div9ation on he>+ drums & cymbals1 by dr9k+ wat] & o!r potions1 by inhal+ vapor2 div9ation 9 d>kness1 9 a wall1 9 ! op5 air or 9 ! sunlight2 by obs]v+ entrails or ! flight ( birds or ! motion ( ! />s1 or ev5 by means ( meal4 ,yet o!r modes ( det]m9+ ! future :i* he li/s are by *>act]s1 images1 incantations1 & invocations1 ) :i* ! use ( /ones & h]bs is (t5 comb9$4 ,^! details make x evid5t h[ impossible x is to draw any divid+ l9e betwe5 ! me?ods ( magic & div9ation1 & ,porphyry himself /ates t ^? :o invoke ! gods conc]n+ ! future n only 8h ab\t !m /ones & h]bs10 b are able to b9d & to free f bonds1 to op5 clos$ doors1 & to *ange m5's int5tions4 ,among ! virtues ( p>ts ( animals m5tion$ 9 8 treatise ^u ab/95ce f animal food are ! p[]s ( div9ation :i* may be obta9$ by eat+ ! he>t ( a hawk or cr[4#adjc ,sid5ote3 ,iambli*us on div9ation4 ,porphyry /ates t all div9]s attribute _! pr$ictions to gods or demons1 b t he wond]s if =ekn[l$ge may n be a p[] ( ! human s\l or p]haps acc\ntable = by ! sympa?y :i* exi/s betwe5 diff]5t p>ts ( ! univ]se4 ,iambli*us holds1 h[ev]1 t div9ation is nei!r a human art nor ! "w ( nature b ( div9e orig94#adjd ,he p]haps reg>ds x z little m ?an a bran* ( !urgy4 ,he di/+ui%es betwe5 human dreams :i* are sometimes true1 sometimes false1 & dreams & visions div9ely s5t4#adje ,if "o is able to pr$ict ! future by dr9k+ wat]1 x is because ! wat] has be5 div9ely illum9at$4#adjf ,t we c pr$ict :5 ! m9d is diseas$ & disord]$1 & t /upid or simple-m9d$ m5 are (t5 bett] able to prophesy ?an ! wise & le>n$1 are = him b fur!r pro(s t =ekn[l$ge is a div9e gift & n a human sci5ce1 :ile div9ation by su* means z rods1 pebbles1 gra9s ( corn & :eat simply excites ! m 8 pi\s admiration at ! greatness ( div9e p[]4#adjg ,he disapproves ( div9ation by /&+ on *>act]s1#adjh b sees no reason :y div9ation 9 d>kness1 9 a wall1 or 9 sunlight1 or by potions & incantations1 may n be div9ely direct$4 ,he w n1 h[ev]1 connect ! disord]$ imag9ations excit$ by disease ) div9e pres5tim5ts4#adji ,f true div9ation he also sep>ates ! 8natural presci5ce0 ( c]ta9 animals ^: acut5ess ( s5se or occult sympa?y ) o!r p>ts & =ces ( nature enables !m to p]ceive "s com+ ev5ts be=e m5 d4 ,_! p[] resembles prophecy1 8yet falls %ort ( x 9 /ability & tru?40#adaj ,augury is an art ^: conjectures h great probability1 b !y are bas$ ^u div9e signs or port5ts effect$ 9 nature by ! ag5cy ( demons4#adaa ,sid5ote3 ,are ! />s gods8 ,! />s are on a totally diff]5t plane f ! o!r sub/ances employ$ 9 div9ation4 ,to ,porphyry's "q :e!r !y are n gods ,iambli*us is n cont5t to reply t ! cele/ial div9ities compreh5d ^! heav5ly bodies & t ! bodies 9 no way imp$e 8_! intellectual & incorporeal p]fection40#adab ,he mu/ ne$s g on to argue t ! />s !mselves1 z simple indivisible bodies1 un*ang+ 9 quality & uni=m 9 movem5t1 closely approa* to 8! incorporeal ess5ce ( ! gods40 ,he !n triumphantly if illogically concludes1 8,?us !re=e ! visible cele/ials are all ( !m gods & aft] a c]ta9 mann] incorporeal40 ,we may add ! op9ion ( ,*a]emon & o!rs1 not$ by ,porphyry1 t ! only gods 7 ! physical ones ( ! ,egyptians & ! planets1 signs ( ! zodiac1 decans1 & horoscope2 all religi\s my?s 7 expla9$ by ,*a]emon z a/rological allegories4 ,sid5ote3 ,is !re an art ( a/rology8 ,porphyry object$ t ^? :o ?us r$uce religion to a/rology submit ev]y?+ to fate & leave ! human s\l no fre$om1 & fur!rmore t 9 any case a/rology is an unatta9able sci5ce4 ,iambli*us def5ds x aga9/ ^! objections1 insi/+ t ! univ]se is divid$ "u ! rule ( planets1 signs1 & decans2#adac t ! ,egyptians d n make ev]y?+ physical b ascribe two s\ls to man1 "o ( :i* obeys ! revolutions ( ! />s1 :ile ! o!r is intellectual & free2#adad & t !re is a sy/ematic art ( a/rology bas$ on div9e revelation & ! long obs]vations ( ! ,*aldeans1 al?\gh l any o!r sci5ce x may at times deg5]ate & become contam9at$ by error4#adae ,iambli*us fur!r reg>ds z ridicul\s ! cont5tion ( ^? 8:o ascribe depravity to ! cele/ial bodies because _! p>ticipants sometimes produce evil40#adaf ,9 ! brief sep>ate treatise1 ,de fato1#adag he aga9 holds t all ?+s are b\nd by ! indissoluble *a9 ( necessity :i* m5 call fate1 b t ! gods c loose ! bonds ( fate1 & t ! human m9d1 too1 has p[] to rise above nature1 unite ) ! gods1 & enjoy et]nal life4 ,sid5ote3 ,porphyry & a/rology4 ,:e!r ,porphyry 9 8 o!r extant works evid5ces a belief 9 a/rology or n1 & :e!r he wrote an ,introduction to ! ,tetrabiblos or a/rological h&book ( ,ptolemy1 has be5 disput$4#adah ,?is ,introduction ascrib$ to ,porphyry 0 mu* cit$ by subsequ5t a/rolog]s#adai & 0 pr9t$ 9 #aeei toge!r ) a mu* long] anonym\s comm5t>y on ! ,tetrabiblos :i* "s ascribe to ,proclus4#adbj ,sid5ote3 ,a/rological images4 ,t[>ds a/rological images at lea/1 ,porphyry %[s himself 9 ! ,lett] to ,anebo m favorable ?an ,iambli*us1 say+1 8,nor are ! artific]s ( efficaci\s images to be despis$1 = !y obs]ve ! motion ( cele/ial bodies40 ,iambli*us1 on ! o!r h&1 r grudg+ly admits t 8! image-mak+ art attracts a c]ta9 v obscure g5esiurgic portion f ! cele/ial effluxions40#adba ,he seems to h ! same feel+ aga9/ images z aga9/ *>act]s1 p]haps reg>d+ bo? z bord]+ ^u idolatry4#adbb ,sid5ote3 ,numb] my/icism4 ,plot9us1 ,porphyry1 & ,iambli*us 7 all giv5 to numb] my/icism4 ,! six? book ( ! six? ,ennead is entirely devot$ to ?is subject1 :ile ,porphyry & ,iambli*us bo? wrote ,lives ( ,py?agoras & treatises ^u 8 doctr9e ( numb]4 ,sid5ote3 ,porphyry z report$ by ,eusebius4 ,o!r works by ,porphyry ?an ! ,lett] to ,anebo are cit$ or quot$ a good deal by ,eusebius 9 ,praep>atio evangelica1 especially 8 1 b ! extracts are made = ,eusebius's own purposes1 :i* are to discr$it pagan religion1 & nei!r express ,porphyry's complete ?\ght nor probably ev5 t5d to prove 8 orig9al po9t4 ,besides %[+ t ,porphyry 0 inconsi/5t 9 di/+ui%+ ! diff]5t victims to be sacrific$ to t]re/rial & subt]ranean1 a]ial1 cele/ial1 & sea gods 9 ! above-m5tion$ "w1 :5 9 8 ,de ab/95tia a rebus animatis he held t be+s :o delight$ 9 animal sacrifice 7 no gods b m]e demons1 ,eusebius quotes him a good deal to %[ t ! pagan gods 7 no?+ b demons1 t !y !mselves might be call$ magicians & a/rolog]s1 t !y lov$ *>act]s1 & t !y made _! pr$ictions ( ! future n f _! own =ekn[l$ge b f ! />s by ! art ( a/rology1 & t l m5 !y c\ld n ev5 always read ! decrees ( ! />s aright4 ,! belief is also m5tion$ t ! fate =etold f ! />s may be avoid$ by resort to magic4#adbc ,sid5ote3 ,! ,emp]or ,julian on !urgy & a/rology4 ,! ,emp]or ,julian 0 an en?usia/ic foll[] ( ,iambli*us :om he praises#adbd 9 8 ,hymn to ! ,sov]eign ,sun deliv]$ at ! ,saturnalia ( #cfa ,a4 ,d4 ,he also describes 8! bless$ !urgi/s0 z able to compreh5d unspeakable my/]ies :i* are hidd5 f ! cr[d1 su* z ,julian ! ,*aldean prophesi$ conc]n+ ! god ( ! sev5 rays4#adbe ,! emp]or tells u t f 8 y\? he 0 reg>d$ z ov]-curi\s 71 a ^w :i* almo/ implies ! practice ( magic7 & z a div9] by ! />s 774 ,8 ,hymn to ! ,sun conta9s a good deal ( a/rological detail1 speaks ( ! univ]se z et]nal & div9e1 & reg>ds planets1 signs1 & decans z 8! visible gods40 ,9 %ort1 8!re is 9 ! heav5s a great multitude ( gods40#adbf ,! ,sun1 h[ev]1 is sup]ior to ! o!r planets1 & z ,ari/otle has po9t$ out 8makes ! simple/ movem5t ( all ! heav5ly bodies t travel 9 a direction opposite to ! :ole40#adbg ,! ,sun is also ! l9k betwe5 ! visible univ]se & ! intelligible _w1 & ,julian inf]s f 8 middle /ation among ! planets t he is also k+ among ! intellectual gods4#adbh ,= beh9d 8 visible self is ! great ,invisible4 ,he frees our s\ls entirely f ! p[] ( 8,g5esis10 or ! =ce ( ! />s ex]cis$ at nativity1 & lifts !m to ! _w ( ! pure intellect4#adbi ,sid5ote3 ,julian & div9ation4 ,julian believ$ 9 almo/ e =m ( pagan div9ation z well z 9 a/rology4 ,to ! oracles ( ,apollo he ascrib$ ! civiliz+ ( ! great] "p ( ! _w ?r\gh ! f\ndation ( ,greek colonies & ! revelation ( religi\s & political law4#adcj ,! hi/orian ,ammianus ,m>cell9us#adca tells u t ,julian 0 cont9ually inspect+ entrails ( victims & int]pret+ dreams & om5s1 & t he ev5 propos$ to re-op5 a prophetic f\nta9 ^: pr$ictions 7 suppos$ to h enabl$ ,hadrian to become emp]or1 aft] :i* t emp]or block$ x up f fe> t someone else might supplant him ?r\gh its in/rum5tality4 ,9 ano!r passage#adcb he def5ds ,julian f ! *>ge ( magic1 say+1 8,inasmu* z malici\s p]sons h attribut$ ! use ( evil arts to le>n ! future to ?is rul] :o 0 a le>n$ inquir] into all bran*es ( k1 we %all briefly indicate h[ a wise man is able to acquire ?is by no means trivial v>iety ( le>n+4 ,! _s beh9d all ! elem5ts1 see+ t x is incessantly & ev]y:]e active 9 ! prophetic movem5t ( p]5nial bodies1 be/[s ^u u ! gift ( div9ation by ! diff]5t arts :i* we employ2 & ! =ces ( nature1 propitiat$ by v>i$ rites1 z f exhau/less spr+s provide mank9d ) prophetic utt]ances40 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5tific div9ation4 ,ammianus ?us reg>ds ! arts ( div9ation z s]i\s sci5ces bas$ ^u natural =ces1 al?\gh ( c\rse 9 ! *>act]i/ic ,neo-,platonic way ( ?9k+ he confuses ! spiritual & physical & sub/itutes propitiatory rites = sci5tific exp]im5ts4 ,8 phrase1 8! prophetic movem5t ( p]5nial bodies0 almo/ c]ta9ly means ! />s & %[s 8 belief 9 a/rology4 ,9 ano!r passage#adcc he indicates ! widespread tru/ 9 a/rology among ! ,roman nobles ( 8 "t1 ! lat] f\r? c5tury1 by say+ t ev5 ^? 8:o d5y t !re are sup]ior p[]s 9 ! sky10 nev]!less ?9k x imprud5t to appe> 9 public or d9e or ba! )\t hav+ fir/ consult$ an almanac z to ! :]eab\ts ( ,m]cury or ! exact position ( ! moon 9 ,canc]4 ,! passage is satirical1 no d\bt1 b ,ammianus probably objects q z mu* to _! disbelief 9 sup]ior p[]s 9 ! sky z he does to ! excess ( _! sup]/ition4 ,t a/rology & div9ation may be /udi$ sci5tifically he aga9 indicates 9 a description ( le>n+ at ,alex&ria4 ,besides prais+ ! m$ical tra9+ to be _h !re1 & m5tion+ ! /udy ( geometry1 music1 a/ronomy1 & ari?metic1 he says1 8,9 addition to ^! subjects !y cultivate ! sci5ce :i* reveals ! ways ( ! fates40#adcd ,sid5ote3 ,proclus on !urgy4 ,iambli*us's acc\nt ( !urgy is repeat$ 9 m cond5s$ =m by ,proclus 7#dab-dhe7 9 a brief treatise or fragm5t :i* is extant only 9 its ,lat9 translation by ! ,flor5t9e humani/ ,fic9us1 entitl$ ,de sacrificio et magia4#adce ,nei!r magic nor !urgy1 h[ev]1 is m5tion$ by "n 9 ! ,lat9 text4 ,proclus /ates t ! prie/s ( old built up _! sacr$ sci5ce by obs]v+ ! sympa?y exi/+ betwe5 natural objects & by argu+ f manife/ to occult p[]s4 ,!y saw h[ ?+s on e>? 7 associat$ ) ?+s 9 ! heav5s & fur!r discov]$ h[ to br+ d[n div9e virtue to ?is l[] _w by ! =ce ( lik5ess :i* b9ds ?+s toge!r4 ,proclus gives sev]al examples ( plants1 /ones1 & animals :i* evid5ce su* association4 ,! cock1 = in/ance1 is rev]5c$ by ! lion because bo? are "u ! same planet1 ! sun1 b ! cock ev5 m s ?an ! lion4 ,!re=e demons :o appe> ) ! heads ( lions 7leon9a fronte7 vani% sudd5ly at ! sight ( a cock unless !y *ance to be demons ( ! sol> ord]4 ,aft] ?us indicat+ ! importance ( a/rology z well z occult virtue 9 !urgy or magic1 ,proclus tells h[ demons are invok$4 ,sometimes a s+le h]b or /one 8suffices = ! div9e "w02 sometimes sev]al sub/ances & rites mu/ be comb9$ 8to summon t div9ity40 ,:5 !y _h secur$ ! pres5ce ( ! demons1 ! prie/s proce$$1 p>tly "u ! in/ruction ( ! demons & p>tly by _! own indu/ri\s int]pretation ( symbols1 to a /udy ( ! gods4 8,f9ally1 leav+ beh9d natural objects & =ces & ev5 to a great ext5t ! demons1 !y won communion ) ! gods40 ,sid5ote3 ,neo-,platonic acc\nt ( magic borr[$ by ,*ri/ians4 ,despite ! writ+s ( ,porphyry & o!r ,neo-,platoni/s aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 mu* use 0 made by ,*ri/ian !ologians ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies ( ! ,neo-,platonic acc\nts ( magic1 a/rology1 & div9ation1 especially ( ,porphyry's ,lett] to ,anebo4 ,eusebius 9 8 ,praep>atio ,evangelica#adcf made l>ge extracts f x on ^! !mes & also f ,porphyry's "w on ! ,*aldean oracles4 ,augu/9e 9 ,! ,city ( ,god#adcg accept$ ,porphyry z an au?ority on ! subjects ( !urgy & magic4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we d n f9d ! ,*ri/ian writ]s repeat+ ! attitude ( ,plot9us t ! life ( reason is alone free f magic1 except z !y sub/itute ! ^w 8,*ri/ianity0 = 8! life ( reason40 ,sid5ote3 ,neo-,platoni/s & al*emy4 ,! ,neo-,platoni/s %[$ "s int]e/ 9 al*emy z well z 9 !urgy & a/rology4 ,b]!lot publi%$ 9 8 ,collection des ,al*imi/es ,grecs 8a little tract ( positive *emi/ry0 :i* is extant "u ! "n ( ,iambli*us2 & ,proclus treat$ ( ! relations betwe5 ! metals & planets & ! g5]ation ( ! metals "u ! influ5ce ( ! />s4#adch ,( ,synesius1 :o 0 bo? a ,neo-,platoni/ & a ,*ri/ian bi%op1 & :o seems to h writt5 works ( al*emy1 we %all treat 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,aelian1 ,,sol9us ,,& ,,horapollo ,aelian ,on ! ,nature ( ,animals--,g5]al "* ( ! "w--,its hodge-podge ( unclassifi$ detail--,sol9us 9 ! middle ages--,8 date--,g5]al "* ( 8 "w2 its relation to ,pl9y--,animals & gems--,occult m$ic9e--,democritus & ,zoroa/] n reg>d$ z magicians--,"s bits ( a/rology--,alex&] ! ,great--,! ,hi]oglyphics ( ,horapollo--,m>vels ( animals--,animals & a/rology--,! cynocephalus--,horapollo ! cosmopolitan4 ,sid5ote3 ,aelian ,on ! ,nature ( ,animals4 ,f my/ic & !urgic compositions we return to works ( ! decl9+ ,roman ,empire :i* deal m directly ) nature b1 x mu/ be confess$1 9 a mann] some:at fanta/ic4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury1 ,aelian ( ,pra5e/e1 :o is includ$ by ,philo/ratus 9 8 ,lives ( ! ,sophi/s1 wrote ,on ! ,nature ( ,animals4#adci ,its sev5te5 books1 writt5 9 ,greek1 :i* ,aelian us$ flu5tly despite 8 ,lat9 bir?1 are believ$ to h rea*$ u p>tly 9 int]polat$ =m ?r\gh two families ( manuscripts1 ( :i* ! old] & less int]polat$ text is f\nd 9 a ?irte5? c5tury manuscript at ,p>is & a some:at e>li] ,vatican codex4#addj ,a numb] ( its *apt]s are simil> to & p]haps borr[$ f ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory2 at any rate !y are commonplaces ( anci5t sci5ce2 b ! "w also has a m>k$ individuality4 ,p>allels h also be5 not$ betwe5 ?is "w & ! lat] ,hexaem]on ( ! *ur* fa!r ,basil4 ,aelian 0 mu* cit$ 9 ,byzant9e lit]ature & le>n+1 & if he 0 n directly us$ 9 ! ,lat9 we/1 at lea/ ! attitude t[>d animals :i* he displays & 8 selection ( mat]ial conc]n+ !m are z apt precursors ( m$ieval ,lat9 z ( m$ieval ,greek sci5tific lit]ature4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al "* ( ! "w4 ,9 preface & epilogue ,aelian himself adequately indicates ! "* ( 8 "w4 ,he is impress$ by ! cu/oms & *>act]i/ics ( animals1 & m>vels at _! wisdom & native %rewdness1 _! ju/ice & mode/y1 _! affection & piety1 :i* %\ld put human be+s to blu%4 ,?us ,aelian's "w is m>k$ by t t5d5cy :i* runs ?r\gh anci5t & m$ieval lit]ature to admire actions 9 ! irrational brutes :i* seem to indicate almo/ human intellig5ce & virtue on _! "p1 & to moralize !refrom at ! exp5se ( human be+s4 ,ano!r /rik+ feature ( 8 "w is its utt]ly :imsical & haphaz>d ord]4 ,he m5tions ?+s simply z !y happ5 to occur to him4 ,?is fact1 too1 he recognizes1 b refuses to apologize =1 /at+ t x suits him1 if x does n suit anyone else1 & t he reg>ds a mix$-up ord] z m motley1 v>iegat$1 & pleas+4 ,n only does he attempt no classification :atev] ( 8 animals & m5tion snakes & quadrup$s & birds 9 ! same brea?2 he also does n complete ! treatm5t ( a giv5 animal 9 "o passage b may scatt] deta*$ items ab\t x ?r\gh\t 8 "w4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 probably at lea/ "o *apt] conc]n+ elephants 9 ea* ( 8 sev5te5 books4 ,sid5ote3 ,its hodge-podge ( unclassifi$ detail4 ,x w\ld !re=e be absurd = u to attempt any logical arrangem5t 9 discuss+ 8 cont5ts2 we may d ju/ice to him mo/ adequately by adopt+ 8 own lack ( me?od & not+ a few items & topics tak5 m or less at r&om f 8 "w4 ,ants nev] g out 9 ! new moon4 ,yet !y nei!r gaze at ! sky1 nor c\nt ! numb] ( days on _! f+]s1 l ! le>n$ ,babylonians & ,*aldeans1 b h ?is m>vel\s gift f nature4#adda ,9 sexual int]c\rse ! female vip] conceives ?r\gh ! m\? & bites (f ! head ( ! male2 aft]w>ds h] "y gnaw _! way out ( h] vitals4 8,:at h y\r ,ore/eses & ,alcmaeons to say to t1 my de> trag$ians80#addb ,doves put laurel b\ghs 9 _! ne/s to gu>d aga9/ fasc9ation & ! evil eye1 & ! hoopoe simil>ly employs v or z an amulet2#addc & o!r unreason+ animals gu>d aga9/ sorc]y by "s my/ic & m>vel\s natural p[]4 ,ano!r *apt] treats ( div9ations f ! cr[ & h[ hairs are dy$ black ) its eggs4#addd ,o!rs tell u ( ! g5]ation ( s]p5ts f ! m>r[ ( a dead man's sp9e1#adde & ( v5om\s wom5 l ,m$ea & ,circe :o are worse ?an ! asp ) its incurable /+1 s9ce !y kill by m]e t\*4#addf ,we g on to read ( swift little bea/s call$ ,pyrigoni :o are g5]at$ f fire & live 9 x1 ( salam&]s :o ext+ui% flames1 ( ! rem$ies us$ by ! tortoise aga9/ snakes1 ( ! *a/ity ( doves ^: m>riages nev] result 9 divorce1 & ( ! incont95ce ( ! p>tridge4#addg ,also ( ! jeal\sies ( c]ta9 animals l ! /ag :i* hides its "r horn1 ! liz>d :o dev\rs its ca/-(f sk91 & ! m>e :o eats ! hippomanes f its colt1 le/ m5 obta9 ^! preci\s sub/ances4#addh ,( ! c>e tak5 by /orks1 h]ons1 & pelicans ( _! ag$ p>5ts4#addi ,h[ ! swall[ by ! virtue ( an h]b gives sight to its "y :o are born bl9d1 & h[ a hoopoe f\nd an h]b ^: virtue dissolv$ ! mud ) :i* ! c>etak] ( a build+ _h plugg$ up ! hole 9 ! wall :i* x us$ = its ne/4#adej ,h[ ! lion & basilisk fe> ! cock1 & ( a lake )\t fi% 9 a place :]e ! cocks d n cr[4#adea ,h[ elephants v5]ate ! wax+ moon2 h[ ! weasel eats rue :5 ab\t to fight ! snake2 & ( ! jeal\sy ( ! h$gehog & lynx1 ! latt] conceal+ 8 preci\s ur9e1 ! o!r wat]+ 8 own hide :5 he is captur$ 9 ord] to spoil x4#adeb ,h[ ! ,indians fight griff9s :5 collect+ gold4#adec ,h[ ! pres5ce ( a cock aids a woman's deliv]y4#aded ,( unnam$ bea/s 9 ,libya :o "k h[ to c\nt & leave an elev5? "p ( _! prey unt\*$4#adee ,t ! sea dragon is easily captur$ ) ! left h& b n ) ! "r4#adef ,dragons "k ! =ce ( h]bs & cure !mselves ) "s & increase _! v5om ) o!rs4#adeg ,h[ dogs1 c[s1 & o!r animals s5se a fam9e or plague be=eh&4#adeh ,h[ ! ,egyptians by _! magic *>m birds f ! sky & snakes f _! holes4#adei ,:5 x ra9s 9 ,egypt1 mice are born f ! small drops & plague ! c\ntry4 ,traps & f5ces & dit*es are ( no avail aga9/ !m1 z !y c leap ov] tr5*es & walls4 ,consequ5tly ! ,egyptians are =c$ to pray ,god to end ! calamity1#adfj--;an int]e/+ v>iant on ! ,old ,te/am5t acc\nt ( ! plagues ( ,egypt4 ,9 dogs !re exi/s a c]ta9 dialectical faculty ( ratioc9ation4#adfa ,! wea!r may be pr$ict$ f birds1 quadrup$s1 & flies4#adfb ,! %e-goat c cure suffusion ( its eyes4#adfc ,eagles drop tortoises on rocks to break _! %ells & ! bald-head$ poet ,aes*ylus met 8 dea? by hav+ 8 pate mi/ak5 ?us = a smoo? r\nd /one4#adfd ,"s pr$ict ! future by birds1 o!rs by entrails1 or by gra9s1 sieves1 & *eeses2 ! ,lycians practice div9ation by fi%4#adfe ,a /ork :om a wid[ ( ,t>5tum help$ :5 x 0 too "y to fly br\ght h] a lum9\s preci\s /one ! foll[+ ye>4#adff ,solon did n h to enact a law ord]+ *ildr5 to support _! ag$ p>5ts 9 ! case ( lions1 ^: cubs are taught by nature filial piety t[>d _! eld]s4#adfg ,only ! horn ( ! ,scy?ian ass c hold ! wat] ( ! ,arcadian riv] ,/yx2 ,alex&] ! ,great s5t a sample ( x to ,delphi ) "s accompany+ v]ses :i* ,aelian quotes4#adfh ,9 ,epirus dragons sacr$ to ,apollo are employ$ 9 div9ation1 & 9 ! ,lav9ian ,grove dragons spit out aga9 ! frum5ty (f]$ !m by un*a/e virg9s4#adfi ,by fly+ b5ea? x an eagle sav$ ! life ( its "y "o :o _h be5 ?r[n d[n f a t[]4#adgj ,diff]5t fi% eat diff]5t sea h]bs4#adga ,!re are fi% :o live 9 boil+ wat]4#adgb ,!re are scatt]$ m5tions ( ! m>vels ( ,india ?r\gh\t ,aelian's "w1 & 9 8 sixte5? book ! fir/ f\rte5 *apt]s are almo/ exclusively conc]n$ ) ! animals ( t l&4 ,sid5ote3 ,sol9us 9 ! middle ages4 ,a well-kn[n "w 9 ! middle ages dat+ f ! p]iod ( ! ,roman ,empire 0 ! ,collectanea r]um memorabilium or ,polyhi/or ( ,sol9us4 ,momms5's edition li/s #aec manuscripts f #cb places1#adgc & we %all f9d _m citations ( ,sol9us 9 our lat] m$ieval au?ors4 ,m>tianus ,capella & ,isidore 7 ! fir/ to make ext5sive use ( 8 "w4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ,alb]tus ,magnus _h little respect = ,sol9us z an au?ority & express$ m ?an once ! q accurate op9ion t 8 "w 0 full ( lies4 ,nev]!less copies ( x cont9u$ to ab\nd 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 & by #aeed five pr9t$ editions _h appe>$4 8,f x directly come mo/ ( ! fables 9 works ( object s diff]5t z ^? ( ,dicuil1 ,isidore1 ,capella1 & ,priscian40#adgd ,sid5ote3 ,8 date4 ,! fir/ extant au?or to make use ( ,sol9us is ,augu/9e 9 ,! ,city ( ,god1 :ile he is fir/ nam$ 9 ! ,g5ealogus ( #dee ,a4 ,d4 ,none ( ! manuscripts ( ! "w ant$ate ! n9? c5tury1 b _m ( !m h copi$ an e>li] subscription f a manuscript writt5 8by ! zeal & dilig5ce ( our "l ,!odosius1 ! unconqu]$ pr9ce40 ,?is is tak5 to ref] to ! emp]or ,!odosius ,,ii1 #dja-dej4 ,! "w itself1 h[ev]1 has no ,*ri/ian *>act]i/ics2 on ! contr>y x is v fond ( m5tion+ places fam$ 9 pagan religion & ,greek my?ology & ( rec\nt+ miracles & m>vels connect$ ) hea!n %r9es & rites4 ,inde$1 ,sol9us seldom1 if ev]1 m5tions any?+ lat] ?an ! fir/ c5tury ( our era4 ,he speaks ( ,byzantium1 n ( ,con/ant9ople1 & makes no m5tion ( ! ,roman prov9ces z divid$ 9 ! sy/em ( ,diocletian4 ,8 book1 h[ev]1 is a compilation f e>li] writ+s s t we ne$ n expect allusions to 8 own age4 ,! ,lat9 /yle & g5]al lit]>y make-up ( ! "w are *>act]i/ic ( ! decl9+ empire & e>ly m$ieval p]iod4 ,momms5 0 incl9$ to date ,sol9us 9 ! ?ird r ?an ! f\r? c5tury1 b ! "w seems to h be5 revis$ ab\t ! six? c5tury1 aft] :i* date x became cu/om>y to call x ! ,polyhi/or r ?an ! ,collectanea r]um memorabilium4 ,x is also ref]r$ to1 h[ev]1 z ,de mirabilibus mundi1 or ,wond]s ( ! ,_w4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al "* ( 8 "w3 its relation to ,pl9y4 ,! "w is prim>ily a geography & is arrang$ by c\ntries & places1 beg9n+ ) ,rome & ,italy4 ,z ea* locality is consid]$1 ,sol9us sometimes tells a little ( its hi/ory1 b is especially incl9$ to rec\nt miracul\s religi\s ev5ts or natural m>vels associat$ ) t p>ticul> region4 ,?us 9 describ+ two lakes he r apologizes = m5tion+ ! fir/ at all because x c sc>cely be call$ miracul\s1 b assures u t ! second 8is reg>d$ z v extraord9>y40#adge ,sometimes he digresses to o!r topics su* z cal5d> re=m4#adgf ,sol9us draws bo? 8 geographical data & fur!r details v l>gely f ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory2 b inasmu* z ,pl9y treat$ ( ^! matt]s 9 sep>ate books1 ,sol9us has to re-organize ! mat]ial4 ,he also selects simply a few p>ticul>s f ,pl9y's weal? ( detail on any giv5 subject1 & fur!rmore consid]ably alt]s ,pl9y's word+1 sometimes cond5s+ ! ?\ght1 sometimes amplify+ ! phraseology--app>5tly 9 an ef=t to make ! po9t cle>] & easi] read+4 ,( ,pl9y's ?irty-sev5 books only ^? f ! ?ird to ! ?irte5? inclusive & ! la/ book are us$ to any ext5t by ,sol9us4 ,t is to say1 he ei!r 0 acqua9t$ ) only1 or conf9$ himself to1 ^? books deal+ ) geography1 man & o!r animals1 & gems1 omitt+ almo/ entirely1 except = ! twelf? & ?irte5? books1 ,pl9y's elaborate treatm5t ( vegetation & ( m$ic9al simples#adgg & discussion ( metals & ! f9e arts4 ,sol9us does n ackn[l$ge 8 great debt to ,pl9y 9 p>ticul>1 al?\gh he keeps allud+ to ! fulness ) :i* ev]y?+ has already be5 discuss$ by pa/ au?ors1 & al?\gh he cites o!r writ]s :o are almo/ unkn[n to u4 ,( 8 kn[n s\rces ,pomponius ,mela is ! *ief aft] ,pl9y b is us$ mu* less4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! numb] ( passages = :i* ,momms5 0 unable to give any s\rce is n inconsid]able4 ,z may h be5 already inf]r$1 ! "w ( ,sol9us is brief2 ! text alone w\ld sc>cely fill "o hundr$ pages4#adgh ,sid5ote3 ,animals & gems4 ,x w\ld p]haps be ra% to conjecture :i* quality comm5d$ ! book mo/ to ! foll[+ p]iod3 its h&y size1 or its easy /yle & fairly sy/ematic arrangem5t1 or its emphasis ^u m>vels4 ,! la/ *>act]i/ic is at lea/ ! mo/ g]mane to our inve/igation4 ,sol9us r5d]$ ! s]vice1 if we may s t]m x1 ( r$uc+ ,pl9y's treatm5t ( animals & preci\s /ones 9 p>ticul> to a few common examples1 :i* ei!r 7 already ! be/ kn[n or became s z a result ( 8 selection4 ,inde$1 ,k+ 0 ( ! op9ion t ! descriptions ( gems 9 ,sol9us 7 m precise1 te*nical1 & sy/ematic ?an ^? 9 ,pl9y1 & f\nd 8 notices 8(t5 extremely useful40#adgi ,sol9us describes su* animals z ! wolf1 lynx1 be>1 lion1 hy5a1 onag] or wild ass1 basilisk1 crocodile1 hippopotamus1 pho5ix1 dolph91 & *ameleon2 & rec\nts ! m>vel\s prop]ties ( su* gems z a*ates or agate1 galactites1 cato*ites1 cry/al1 gagates1 adamant1 heliotrope1 hyac9?1 & paeanites4 ,! dragons ( ,india & ,e?iopia also occupy 8 att5tion1 z !y did t ( ,philo/ratus 9 ! ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana2 inde$1 he repeats 9 diff]5t words ! /atem5t f\nd 9 ,philo/ratus t !y swim f> out to sea4#adhj ,9 ,s>d9ia1 on ! contr>y1 !re are no snakes1 b a poison\s ant exi/s !re4 ,=tunately !re are also heal+ wat]s !re ) :i* to c\nt]act its v5om1 b !re is also native to ,s>d9ia an h]b call$ ,s>donia :i* causes ^? :o eat x to die ( laught]4#adha ,sid5ote3 ,occult m$ic9e4 ,al?\gh ,sol9us makes no use ( ,pl9y's m$ical books1 he %[s consid]able int]e/ 9 ! heal+ prop]ties ( simples & 9 m$ic9e4 ,he tells u t ^? :o slept 9 ! %r9e ( ,aesculapius at ,epidaurus 7 w>n$ 9 dreams h[ to heal _! diseases1#adhb & t ! ?ird daught] ( ,aeetes1 nam$ ,angitia1 devot$ h]self 8to resi/+ disease by ! salubri\s sci5ce0 ( m$ic9e4#adhc ,accord+ to ,sol9us ,circe z well z ,m$ea 0 a daught] ( ,aeetes1 b usually 9 ,greek my?ology %e is repres5t$ z 8 si/]4 ,sid5ote3 ,democritus & ,zoroa/] n reg>d$ z magicians4 ,?is allusion to ,circe & ,m$ea %[s t magic1 to :i* m$ic9e & ph>macy are app>5tly ak91 does n pass unnotic$ 9 ,sol9us's page4 ,he copies f ,mela ! acc\nt ( ! p]iodical trans=mation ( ! ,neuri into wolves4#adhd ,b in/ead ( accus+ ,democritus ( hav+ employ$ magic1 z ,pl9y does1 ,sol9us repres5ts him z engag+ 9 conte/s ) ! ,magi1 9 :i* he made frequ5t use ( ! /one cato*ites 9 ord] to demon/rate ! occult p[] ( nature4#adhe ,t is to say1 ,democritus 0 app>5tly oppos+ sci5ce to magic & %[+ t all ! latt]'s feats c\ld be duplicat$ or improv$ ^u by employ+ natural =ces4 ,9 two o!r passages#adhf ,sol9us calls ,democritus physicus1 or sci5ti/1 & affirms t 8 bir? 9 ,abd]a did m to make t t[n fam\s ?an any o!r ?+ connect$ ) x1 despite ! fact t x 0 f\nd$ by & nam$ aft] ! si/] ( ,diom$es4 ,zoroa/]1 too1 :om ,pl9y call$ ! f\nd] ( ! magic art1 is n spok5 ( z a magician by ,sol9us1 al?\gh he is m5tion$ ?ree times & is describ$ z 8mo/ skill$ 9 ! be/ arts10 & is cit$ conc]n+ ! p[] ( coral & ( ! gem aetites4#adhg ,sid5ote3 ,"s bits ( a/rology4 ,x is n "p ( ,sol9us's plan to describe ! heav5s1 b he occasionally alludes to 8! discipl9e ( ! />s10#adhh z he calls a/ronomy or a/rology4 ,on ! au?ority ( ,l4 ,t>rutius1 8mo/ r5[n$ ( a/rolog]s10#adhi he tells u t ! f\ndations ( ! walls ( ,rome 7 laid by ,romulus 9 8 tw5ty-second ye> on ! elev5? day ( ! kal5ds ( ,may betwe5 ! second & ?ird h\rs1 :5 ,jupit] 0 9 ,pisces1 ! sun 9 ,taurus1 ! moon 9 ,libra1 & ! o!r f\r planets 9 ! sign ( ! scorpion4 ,he also speaks ( ! /> ,arcturus de/roy+ ! ,argive fleet (f ,euboea on its return f ,ilium4#adij ,sid5ote3 ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,alex&] ! ,great figures prom95tly 9 ! pages ( ,alex&] ,sol9us1 be+ m5tion$ a score ( times1 & ?is too corresponds to ! m$ieval int]e/ 9 ! ,mac$onian conqu]or4 ,/ories conc]n+ him are repeat$ f ,pl9y1 b ,sol9us also displays fur!r in=mation4 ,he insi/s t ,philip 0 truly 8 fa!r1 al?\gh he adds t ,olympias /rove to acquire a nobl] fa!r = him1 :5 %e affirm$ t %e _h _h int]c\rse ) a dragon1 & t ,alex&] tri$ to h himself consid]$ ( div9e desc5t4#adia ,! /atem5t conc]n+ ,olympias sugge/s ! /ory ( ,nectanebus1 ( :i* a lat] *apt] w treat1 b t individual is n m5tion$1 al?\gh ,ari/otle & ,calli/h5es are spok5 ( z ,alex&]'s tutors1 s t x is d\btful if ,sol9us 0 acqua9t$ ) ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es4 ,he describes ,alex&]'s l9e ( m>* ) fair accuracy & n 9 ! totally incorrect mann] ( ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,hi]oglyphics ( ,horapollo4 ,9 seek+ a ?ird text & au?or ( ! same type z ,aelian & ,sol9us to r\nd out ! pres5t *apt]1 our *oice unhesitat+ly falls ^u ! ,hi]oglyphics ( ,horapollo1 a "w :i* pret5ds to expla9 ! mean+ ( ! writt5 symbols employ$ by ! anci5t ,egyptian prie/s1 b :i* is really pr9cipally conc]n$ ) ! same m>vel\s habits & prop]ties ( animals ( :i* ,aelian treat$4 ,9 brief ! idea is t ^! *>act]i/ics ( animals mu/ be kn[n 9 ord] to compreh5d ! significance ( ! animal figures 9 ! anci5t hi]oglyphic writ+4 ,horapollo is suppos$ to h writt5 9 ! ,egyptian language 9 p]haps ! f\r? or fif? c5tury ( our era1#adib b 8 "w is extant only 9 ! ,greek translation ( x made by a ,philip :o liv$ a c5tury or two lat] & :o seems to h made "s additions ( 8 own4#adic ,sid5ote3 ,m>vels ( animals4 ,! zoology ( ,horapollo is = ! mo/ "p n novel1 b repeats ! same errone\s notions t may be f\nd 9 ,ari/otle's ,hi/ory ( ,animals1 ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,aelian1 & o!r anci5t au?ors4 ,aga9 we he> ( ! basilisk's fatal brea?1 ( ! beav]'s disc>d$ te/icles1 ( ! unnatural me?ods ( conception ( ! weasel & vip]1 ( ! be>'s lick+ its cubs into %ape1 ( ! k9dness ( /orks to _! p>5ts1 ( wasps g5]at$ f a dead horse1 ( ! pho5ix1 ( ! swan's song1 ( ! sick lion's eat+ an ape to cure himself1 ( ! bull tam$ by ty+ x to ! bran* ( a wild fig tree1 ( ! elephant's fe> ( a ram or a dog & h[ x buries its tusks4#adid ,less famili> p]haps are ! ass]tions t ! m>e misc>ries1 if %e m]ely treads on a wolf's tracks2#adie t ! pigeon cures itself by plac+ laurel 9 its ne/2#adif t putt+ ! w+s ( a bat on an ant-hill w prev5t ! ants f com+ out4#adig ,! /atem5t t if ! hy5a1 :5 hunt$1 turns to ! "r1 x w slay its pursu]1 :ile if x turns to ! left1 x w be sla9 by him1 is also f\nd 9 ,pl9y4#adih ,b 8 long enum]ation ( virtues ascrib$ to p>ts ( ! hy5a by ! ,magi does n include ! ass]tion 9 ,horapollo's next *apt]#adii t a man gird$ ) a hy5a sk9 c pass ?r\gh ! ranks ( 8 enemies )\t injury1 al?\gh x ascribes some:at simil> virtues to ! animal's sk94 ,9 ,horapollo x is ! hawk r ?an ! eagle :i* surpasses o!r w+$ creatures 9 its ability to gaze at ! sun2 h5ce physicians use ! hawkwe$ 9 eye-cures4#aejj ,sid5ote3 ,animals & a/rology4 ,animals also s]ve z a/ronomical or a/rological symbols 9 ! sy/em ( hi]oglyphic writ+ z int]pret$ by ,horapollo4 ,n only does a palm tree repres5t ! ye> because x puts =? a new bran* e new moon1#aeja b ! pho5ix d5otes ! magnus annus 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! heav5ly bodies complete _! revolutions4#aejb ,! sc>ab rolls 8 ball ( dung f ea/ to we/ & gives x ! %ape ( ! univ]se4#aejc ,he buries x = tw5ty-eight days con=mably to ! c\rse ( ! moon ?r\gh ! zodiac1 b he has ?irty toes to correspond to ! days ( ! mon?4 ,z !re is no female sc>ab1 s !re is no male vulture4 ,! female vulture symbolizes ! ,egyptian ye> by sp5d+ five days 9 conceiv+ by ! w9d1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty 9 pregnancy1 ! same p]iod 9 re>+ its "y1 & ! rema9+ "o hundr$ & tw5ty days 9 prep>+ itself to repeat ! process4#aejd ,! vulture also visits battlefields sev5 days 9 advance & by ! direction ( its glance indicates :i* army w be defeat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cynocephalus4 ,! cynocephalus1 dog-head$ ape1 or baboon1 0 m5tion$ sev]al times by ,pl9y1 b ,horapollo gives m specific in=mation conc]n+ x1 *iefly ( an a/rological "*4 ,x is born circumcis$ & is re>$ 9 temples 9 ord] to le>n f x ! exact h\r ( lun> eclipses1 at :i* times x nei!r sees nor eats1 :ile ! female ex g5italibus sangu9em emittit4 ,! cynocephalus repres5ts ! inhabitable _w :i* has sev5ty-two primitive p>ts1 because ! animal dies & is buri$ piecemeal by ! prie/s dur+ a p]iod ( z _m days1 until at ! end ( ! sev5ty-second day life has entirely dep>t$ f ! la/ remnant ( its c>cass4#aeje ,! cynocephalus n only m>ks ! "t ( eclipses b at ! equ9oxes makes wat] twelve times by day & by night1 m>k+ (f ! h\rs2 h5ce a figure ( x is c>v$ by ! ,egyptians on _! wat]-clocks4#aejf ,horapollo associates toge!r ! god ( ! univ]se & fate & ! />s :i* are five 9 numb]1 = he believes t five planets c>ry out ! economy ( ! univ]se & t !y are subject to ,god's gov]nm5t4#aejg ,sid5ote3 ,horapollo ! cosmopolitan4 ,horapollo _c be giv5 high rank ei!r z a zoologi/ & a/ronom]1 or a philolog] & ar*aeologi/2 b at lea/ he 0 no n>r[ nationali/ & _h "s respect = hi/ory4 ,! ,egyptians1 he says1 8d5ote a man :o has nev] left 8 own c\ntry by a human figure ) ! head ( an ass1 because he nei!r he>s any hi/ory nor kn[s ( :at is go+ on abroad40#aejh ,,book ,,ii4 ,,e>ly ,,*ri/ian ,,?\ght ,=eword4 ,*apt] #ac4 ,! ,book ( ,eno*4 0 #ad4 ,philo ,judaeus4 0 #ae4 ,! ,gno/ics4 0 #af4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,apocrypha4 0 #ag4 ,! ,recognitions ( ,clem5t & ,simon ,magus4 0 #ah4 ,! ,confession ( ,cyprian & "s simil> /ories4 0 #ai4 ,orig5 & ,celsus4 0 #bj4 ,o!r ,*ri/ian ,discussion ( ,magic be=e ,augu/9e4 0 #ba4 ,*ri/ianity & ,natural ,sci5ce2 ,basil1 ,epiphanius1 & ! ,physiologus4 0 #bb4 ,augu/9e on ,magic & ,a/rology4 0 #bc4 ,! ,fusion ( ,pagan & ,*ri/ian ,?\ght 9 ! ,f\r? & ,fif? ,c5turies4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,,e>ly ,,*ri/ian ,,?\ght ,,=eword ,we n[ turn back *ronologically to ! po9t f :i* we />t$ 9 our survey ( classical sci5ce & magic 9 ord] to trace ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght 9 reg>d to ! same subjects4 ,h[ f> did ,*ri/ianity break ) anci5t sci5ce & sup]/ition8 ,to :at ext5t did x borr[ f !m8 ,sid5ote3 ,magic & religion4 ,x has (t5 be5 rem>k$ t1 z a new religion comes to prevail 9 a society1 ! old rites are discr$it$ & prohibit$ z magic4 ,! fai? & c]emonies ( ! majority1 p]=m$ publicly1 are call$ religion3 ! disc>d$ cult1 n[ practic$ only privately & cov]tly by a m9ority1 is /igmatiz$ z magic & contr>y to ! g5]al good4 ,?us we %all he> ,*ri/ian writ]s condemn ! pagan oracles & auguries z arts ( div9ation1 & classify ! anci5t gods z demons ( ! same sort z ^? invok$ 9 ! magic arts4 ,conv]sely1 :5 a new religion is be+ introduc$1 is z yet reg>d$ z a =eign fai?1 & is /ill only ! private wor%ip ( a m9ority1 ! majority reg>d x z outl&i% magic4 ,& ?is we %all f9d illu/rat$ by ! accusations ( sorc]y & magic heap$ ^u ,jesus by ! ,jews1 & ^u ! ,jews & ! e>ly ,*ri/ians by a _w long accu/om$ to pagan rites4 ,! same b&y+ back & =? ( ! *>ge ( magic occurr$ betwe5 ,mohamm$ & ! ,meccans4#aeji ,sid5ote3 ,relation betwe5 e>ly ,*ri/ian & m$ieval lit]ature4 ,x is p]haps g5]ally assum$ t ! m5 ( ! middle ages 7 widely read 9 & deeply influ5c$ by ! fa!rs ( ! e>ly *ur*1 b at lea/ = our subject ?is influ5ce has h>dly be5 treat$ ei!r broadly or 9 detail4 ,inde$1 ! pr$ilection ( ! humani/s ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies = any?+ writt5 9 ,greek & _! av]sion to m$ieval ,lat9 has too long op]at$ z a b> to ! /udy ( m$ieval lit]ature 9 g5]al4 ,& s*ol>s :o h edit$ or /udi$ ! ,greek1 ,syriac1 & o!r anci5t texts connect$ ) e>ly ,*ri/ianity h p]haps too (t5 neglect$ ! ,lat9 v]sions pres]v$ 9 m$ieval manuscripts1 or1 :ile treasur+ up e h9t t ,photius lets fall1 h fail$ to note ! citations & allusions 9 m$ieval ,lat9 encyclop$i/s4 ,yet x is (t5 ! case t ! manuscripts conta9+ ! ,lat9 v]sions are ( e>li] date ?an ^? :i* seem to pres]ve ! ,greek orig9al text4 ,sid5ote3 ,me?od ( pres5t+ e>ly ,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,!re is s mu* repetition & resemblance betwe5 ! num]\s ,*ri/ian writ]s 9 ,greek & ,lat9 ( ! ,roman ,empire t ,i h ev5 less ?an 9 ! case ( _! classical contempor>ies attempt$ a complete pres5tation ( !m1 b1 :ile n int5d+ to omit any acc\nt ( ! fir/ importance 9 ! hi/ory ( magic or exp]im5tal sci5ce1 h aim$ to make a selection ( repres5tative p]sons & typical passages4 ,at ! same "t1 9 ! case ( ^? au?ors & works :i* are discuss$1 ! aim is to pres5t _! ?\ght 9 suffici5tly specific detail to enable ! read] to e/imate = himself _! sci5tific or sup]/iti\s "* & _! relations to classical ?\ght on ! "o h& & m$ieval ?\ght on ! o!r4 ,be=e we treat ( ,*ri/ian writ+s !mselves x is ess5tial to notice "s relat$ l9es ( ?\ght & gr\ps ( writ+s :i* ei!r prec$$ or accompani$ ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght & lit]ature1 & :i* ei!r influ5c$ ev5 or?odox ?\ght p[]fully1 or illu/rate =eign elem5ts1 ab]rations1 side-curr5ts1 & und]t[s :i* none ! less _c be disreg>d$ 9 trac+ ! ma9 curr5t ( ,*ri/ian belief4 ,we !re=e %all successively treat ( ! lit]ature extant "u ! "n ( ,eno*1 ( ! works ( ,philo ,judaeus1 ( ! doctr9es ( ! ,gno/ics1 ( ! ,*ri/ian ,apocrypha1 ( ! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es & ,simon ,magus1 & ( ! ,confession ( ,cyprian & "s simil> /ories4 ,we %all !n make ,orig5's ,reply to ,celsus1 9 :i* ! conflict ( classical & ,*ri/ian conceptions is well illu/rat$1 our po9t ( dep>ture 9 an exam9ation ( ! attitude ( ! e>ly fa!rs t[>ds magic & sci5ce4 ,succe$+ *apt]s w treat ( ! attitude t[>d magic ( o!r fa!rs be=e ,augu/9e1 ( ,*ri/ianity & natural sci5ce z %[n 9 ,basil's ,hexaem]on1 ,epiphanius' ,pan>ion1 & ! ,physiologus1 & ( ,augu/9e himself4 ,a f9al *apt] on ! fusion ( paganism & ,*ri/ianity 9 ! f\r? & fif? c5turies w t]m9ate ?is second division ( our inve/igation & also s]ve z a supplem5t to ! prec$+ division & an introduction to ! ?ird book on ! e>ly middle ages4 ,our arrangem5t is ?us 9 "p topical r ?an /rictly *ronological4 ,! dates ( _m au?ors & works are too dubi\s1 !re is too mu* ( ! apocryphal & int]polat$1 & we h to rely too mu* ^u lat] writ]s = ! views ( e>li] ones1 to make a /rictly or ev5 prim>ily *ronological arrangem5t ei!r advisable or feasible4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,eno* ,eno*'s reputation z an a/rolog] 9 ! middle ages--,date & influ5ce ( ! lit]ature ascrib$ to ,eno*--,angels gov]n+ ! univ]se2 />s & angels--,! fall5 angels tea* m5 magic & o!r arts--,! />s z s9n]s--,effect ( s9 ^u nature--,cele/ial ph5om5a--,m\nta9s & metals--,/range animals4 ,sid5ote3 ,eno*'s reputation z an a/rolog] 9 ! middle ages4 ,9 collections ( m$ieval manuscripts !re (t5 is f\nd a treatise on fifte5 />s1 fifte5 h]bs1 fifte5 /ones1 & fifte5 figures engrav$ ^u !m1 :i* is attribut$ sometimes to ,h]mes1 presumably ,trismegi/us1 & sometimes to ,eno*1 ! patri>*1 :o 8walk$ ) ,god & 0 n40#aeaj ,inde$ 9 ! prologue to a ,h]metic "w on a/rology 9 a m$ieval manuscript we are told t ,eno* & ! fir/ ( ! ?ree ,h]meses or ,m]curies are id5tical4#aeaa ,?is treatise probably has no direct relation to ! ,book ( ,eno*1 :i* we %all discuss 9 ?is *apt] & :i* 0 compos$ 9 ! pre-,*ri/ian p]iod4 ,b x is int]e/+ to obs]ve t ! same reputation = a/rology1 :i* l$ ! middle ages sometimes to ascribe ?is treatise to ,eno*1 is likewise f\nd 9 8! fir/ notice ( a book ( ,eno*10 :i* 8appe>s to be due to a ,jewi% or ,sam>itan ,hell5i/10 :i* 8has come d[n to u successively ?r\gh ,alex&] ,polyhi/or & ,eusebius10 & :i* /ates t ,eno* 0 ! f\nd] ( a/rology4#aeab ,! /atem5t 9 ,g5esis t ,eno* liv$ ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five ye>s w\ld also lead m5 to associate him ) ! sol> ye> & />s4 ,sid5ote3 ,date & influ5ce ( ! lit]ature ascrib$ to ,eno*4 ,! ,book ( ,eno* is 8! precipitate ( a lit]ature1 once v active1 :i* revolv$ 444 r\nd ,eno*10 & 9 ! =m :i* has come d[n to u is a pat*work f 8sev]al orig9ally indep5d5t books40#aeac ,x is extant 9 ! =m ( ,greek fragm5ts pres]v$ 9 ! ,*ronography ( ,g4 ,syncellus1#aead or b lately discov]$ 9 7,upp]7 ,egypt1 & 9 m complete b also m rec5t manuscripts giv+ an ,e?iopic & a ,slavonic v]sion4#aeae ,^! la/ two v]sions are q diff]5t bo? 9 language & cont5t1 :ile "s ( ! citations ( ,eno* 9 anci5t writ]s apply to nei!r ( ^! v]sions4 ,:ile 8,e?iopic did n exi/ z a lit]>y language be=e #cej ,a4 ,d410#aeaf & none ( ! extant manuscripts ( ! ,e?iopic v]sion is e>li] ?an ! fifte5? c5tury1#aeag ,*>les believes t !y are bas$ ^u a ,greek translation ( ! ,hebrew & ,aramaic orig9al1 & t ev5 ! int]polations 9 ?is 7 made by an editor liv+ be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,he ass]ts t 8ne>ly all ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 famili> ) x10 & influ5c$ by x1--9 fact t its influ5ce on ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 great] ?an t ( all ! o!r apocrypha toge!r1 & t x 8_h all ! weight ( a canonical book0 ) ! e>ly *ur* fa!rs4#aeah ,aft] #cjj ,a4 ,d41 h[ev]1 x became discr$it$1 except z we h se5 among ,e?iopic & ,slavonic ,*ri/ians4 ,be=e #cjj ,orig5 9 8 ,reply to ,celsus#aeai accuses 8 oppon5t ( quot+ ! ,book ( ,eno* z a ,*ri/ian au?ority conc]n+ ! fall5 angels4 ,orig5 objects t 8! books :i* be> ! "n ,eno* d n at all circulate 9 ! ,*ur*es z div9e40 ,augu/9e1 9 ! ,city ( ,god1#aebj writt5 betwe5 #dac & #dbf1 admits t ,eno* 8left "s div9e writ+s1 = ?is is ass]t$ by ! ,apo/le ,jude 9 8 canonical epi/le40 ,b he d\bts if any ( ! writ+s curr5t 9 8 own day are g5u9e & ?9ks t !y h be5 wisely exclud$ f ! c\rse ( ,scripture4 ,lods writes t aft] ! n9? c5tury 9 ! ea/ & f a mu* e>li] date 9 ! we/1 ! ,book ( ,eno* is n m5tion$1 8,at ! mo/ "s m$ieval rabbis seem /ill to "k ( x40#aeba ,yet ,alex&] ,neckam1 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 speaks z if ,lat9 ,*ri/5dom ( t date _h "s acqua9tance ) ! ,eno* lit]ature4 ,we %all note "s passages 9 ,sa9t ,hildeg>d :i* seem p>allel to o!rs 9 ! ,book ( ,eno*1 :ile ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais 9 8 ,speculum naturale 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 9 ju/ify+ a c]ta9 discrim9at+ use ( ! apocryphal books1 po9ts out t ,jude quotes ,eno* ^: book is n[ call$ apocryphal4#aebb ,sid5ote3 ,angels gov]n+ ! univ]se3 />s & angels4 ,! ,eno* lit]ature has mu* to say conc]n+ angels1 & implies _! control ( nature1 man1 & ! future4 ,we he> ( ,raphael1 8:o is set ov] all ! diseases & w\nds ( ! *ildr5 ( m502 ,gabriel1 8:o is set ov] all ! p[]s02 ,phanuel1 8:o is set ov] ! rep5tance & hope ( ^? :o inh]it et]nal life40#aebc ,! revolution ( ! />s is describ$ z 8accord+ to ! numb] ( ! angels10 & 9 ! ,slavonic v]sion ! numb] ( ^? angels is /at$ z two hundr$4#aebd ,inde$ ! />s !mselves are (t5 p]sonifi$ & we read 8h[ !y keep fai? ) ea* o!r0 & ev5 ( 8all ! />s ^: privy memb]s are l ^? ( horses40#aebe ,! ,e?iopic v]sion also speaks ( ! angels or spirits ( ho>-fro/1 dew1 hail1 sn[ & s =?4#aebf ,9 ! ,slavonic v]sion ,eno* f9ds 9 ! six? heav5 ! angels :o att5d to ! phases ( ! moon & ! revolutions ( />s & sun & :o sup]9t5d ! good or evil condition ( ! _w4 ,he f9ds angels set ov] ! ye>s & seasons1 ! riv]s & sea1 ! fruits ( ! e>?1 & ev5 an angel ov] e h]b4#aebg ,sid5ote3 ,! fall5 angels tea* m5 magic & o!r arts4 ,! fall5 angels 9 p>ticul> are m5tion$ 9 ! ,book ( ,eno*4 ,two hundr$ angels lu/$ aft] ! comely daught]s ( m5 & b\nd !mselves by oa?s to m>ry !m4#aebh ,aft] hav+ ?us tak5 unto !mselves wives1 !y in/ruct$ ! human race 9 ! art ( magic & ! sci5ce ( botany--or to be m exact1 8*>ms & en*antm5ts0 & 8! cutt+ ( roots & ( woods40 ,9 ano!r *apt] v>i\s individual angels are nam$ :o taught respectively ! en*ant]s & botani/s1 ! break+ ( *>ms1 a/rology1 & v>i\s bran*es !re(4#aebi ,9 ! ,greek fragm5t pres]v$ by ,syncellus !re are fur!r m5tion$ ph>macy1 & :at probably d5ote geomancy 78sign ( ! e>?07 & a]omancy 7a]oskopia74 ,?r\gh ?is revelation ( my/]ies :i* %\ld h be5 kept hid we are told t m5 8"k all ! secrets ( ! angels1 & all ! viol5ce ( ! ,satans1 & all _! occult p[]1 & all ! p[] ( ^? :o practice sorc]y1 & ! p[] ( wit*craft1 & ! p[] ( ^? :o make molt5 images = ! :ole e>?40#aecj ,! revelation includ$1 moreov]1 n only magic arts1 wit*craft1 div9ation1 & a/rology1 b also natural sci5ces1 su* z botany & ph>macy--:i*1 h[ev]1 are app>5tly reg>d$ z closely ak9 to magic--& useful arts su* z m9+ metals1 manufactur+ armor & weapons1 & 8writ+ ) ink & pap]0--8& !reby _m s9n$ f et]nity to et]nity & until ?is day40#aeca ,z ! prec$+ rem>k indicates1 ! au?or is decid$ly ( ! op9ion t m5 7 n creat$ to ! end t !y %\ld write ) p5 & ink4 8,= man 0 creat$ exactly l ! angels to ! int5t t he %\ld cont9ue righte\s & pure1 444 b ?r\gh ?is _! k m5 are p]i%+40#aecb ,p]haps ! writ] means to c5sure writ+ z magical & ?9ks ( x only z my/ic signs & *>act]s4 ,magic is always reg>d$ z evil 9 ! ,eno* lit]ature1 & wit*craft1 en*antm5ts1 & 8devili% magic0 are giv5 a prom95t place 9 a li/ 9 ! ,slavonic v]sion#aecc ( evil de$s done ^u e>?4 ,sid5ote3 ,! />s z s9n]s4 ,9 connection ) ! fall5 angels we f9d ! />s reg>d$ z capable ( s9 z well z p]sonifi$4 ,9 ! ,e?iopic v]sion !re is m ?an "o m5tion ( sev5 />s t transgress$ ! comm& ( ,god & are b\nd aga9/ ! day ( judgm5t or = ! space ( t5 ?\s& ye>s4#aecd ,"o passage tells h[ 8judgm5t 0 held fir/ ov] ! />s1 & !y 7 judg$ & f\nd guilty1 & w5t to ! place ( condemnation1 & !y 7 ca/ into an abyss40#aece ,a simil> id5tification ( ! />s ) ! fall5 angels is f\nd 9 "o ( ! visions ( ,sa9t ,hildeg>d 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,%e writes1 8,i saw a great /> mo/ spl5did & beautiful1 & ) x an exce$+ multitude ( fall+ sp>ks :i* ) ! /> foll[$ s\?w>d4 ,& !y exam9$ ,him ^u ,8 ?rone almo/ z some?+ ho/ile1 & turn+ f ,him1 !y s\ght r ! nor?4 ,& sudd5ly !y 7 all annihilat$1 be+ turn$ into black coals 444 & ca/ into ! abyss t ,i c\ld see !m no m40#aecf ,%e !n int]prets ! vision z signify+ ! fall ( ! angels4 ,sid5ote3 ,effect ( s9 ^u nature4 ,an idea :i* we %all f9d a numb] ( times 9 o!r anci5t & m$ieval writ]s appe>s also 9 ! ,book ( ,eno*4 ,x is t human s9 upsets ! _w ( nature1 & 9 ?is p>ticul> case1 ev5 ! p]iod ( ! moon & ! orbits ( ! />s4#aecg ,hildeg>d aga9 r\ghly p>allels ! ,eno* lit]ature by hold+ t ! orig9al h>mony ( ! f\r elem5ts ^u ?is e>? 0 *ang$ into a confus$ & disord]ly mixture aft] ! fall ( man4#aech ,sid5ote3 ,cele/ial ph5om5a ,! natural _w1 al?\gh intimately associat$ ) ! spiritual _w & h>dly di/+ui%$ f x 9 ! ,eno* lit]ature1 receives consid]able att5tion1 & mu* ( ! discussion 9 bo? ! ,e?iopic & ,slavonic v]sions is ( a sci5tific r ?an e?ical or apocalyptic "*4 ,"o section ( ! ,e?iopic v]sion is describ$ by ,*>les#aeci z ! ,book ( ,cele/ial ,physics & upholds a cal5d> bas$ ^u ! lun> ye>4 ,! ,slavonic v]sion1 on ! o!r h&1 :ile m5tion+ ! lun> ye> ( #ced days & ! sol> ye> ( #cfe & days1 seems to pref] ! latt]1 s9ce ! ye>s ( ,eno*'s life are giv5 z #cfe1 & he writes #cff books conc]n+ :at he has se5 9 8 visions & voyages4#aedj ,! ,book ( ,eno* supposes a plurality ( heav5s4#aeda ,9 ! ,slavonic v]sion ,eno* is tak5 ?r\gh ! sev5 heav5s1 or t5 heav5s 9 "o manuscript1 ) ! signs ( ! zodiac 9 ! eigh? & n9?4 ,an acc\nt is also giv5 ( ! creation1 & ! wat]s above ! firmam5t1 :i* 7 to give ! e>ly ,*ri/ian apologi/s & m$ieval cl]ical sci5ti/s s mu* difficulty1 are describ$ z foll[s3 8,& ?us ,i made firm ! wat]s1 t is1 ! dep?s1 & ,i surr\nd$ ! wat]s ) light1 & ,i creat$ sev5 circles1 & ,i fa%ion$ !m l cry/al1 moi/ & dry1 t is to say1 l glass & ice1 & z = ! wat]s & also ! o!r elem5ts ,i %[$ ea* ( !m _! pa?s1 7viz47 to ! sev5 />s1 ea* ( !m 9 _! heav51 h[ !y %\ld g40#aedb ,! ord] ( ! sev5 planets 9 _! circles is giv5 z foll[s3 9 ! fir/ & highe/ circle ! /> ,kruno1 !n ,aphrodite or ,v5us1 ,ares 7,m>s71 ! sun1 ,zeus 7,jupit]71 ,h]mes 7,m]cury71 & ! moon4#aedc ,god also tells ,eno* t ! duration ( ! _w w be = a week ( ye>s1 t is1 sev5 ?\s&1 aft] :i* 8let !re be at ! beg9n+ ( ! eigh? ?\s& a "t :5 !re is no computation & no end2 nei!r ye>s nor mon?s nor weeks nor days nor h\rs40#aedd ,sid5ote3 ,m\nta9s & metals4 ,turn+ f cele/ial physics to t]re/rial ph5om5a1 we may note a few allusions to m9]als1 vegetation1 & animals4 8,sev5 m\nta9s ( magnific5t /ones0 are m ?an once m5tion$ 9 ! ,e?iopic v]sion & are describ$ z ea* diff]5t f ! o!r4#aede ,ano!r passage speaks ( 8sev5 m\nta9s full ( *oice n>d & aromatic trees & c9namon & pepp]40#aedf ,b :e!r ^! gr\ps ( sev5 m\nta9s are to be a/rologically relat$ to ! sev5 planets is n def9itely /at$4 ,we are also left 9 d\bt :e!r ! foll[+ passage may h "s a/rological or ev5 al*emical significance1 or :e!r x is m]ely a figurative prophecy l t 9 ! ,book ( ,daniel conc]n+ ! image se5 by ,nebu*adnezz> 9 8 dream4 8,!re m9e eyes saw all ! hidd5 ?+s ( heav5 t %all be1 an iron m\nta91 & "o ( copp]1 & "o ( silv]1 & "o ( gold1 & "o ( s(t metal1 & "o ( lead40#aedg ,at any rate ,eno* has come v ne> to li/+ ! sev5 metals usually associat$ ) ! sev5 planets4 ,9 ano!r passage we are in=m$ t :ile silv] & 8s(t metal0 come f ! e>?1 lead & t9 are produc$ by a f\nta9 9 :i* an em95t angel /&s4#aedh ,sid5ote3 ,/range animals4 ,z = animals we are in=m$ t ,behemo? is male & ,levia?an female4#aedi ,:5 ,eno* w5t to ! ends ( ! e>? he saw !re great bea/s & birds :o diff]$ 9 appe>ance1 beauty1 & voice4#aeej ,9 ! ,slavonic v]sion we he> a good deal ( pho5ixes & *alkydri1 :o seem to be fly+ dragons4 ,^! creatures are describ$ z 8/range 9 appe>ance ) ! feet & tails ( lions & ! heads ( crocodiles4 ,_! appe>ance 0 ( a purple color l ! ra9b[2 _! size1 n9e hundr$ measures4 ,_! w+s 7 l ^? ( angels1 ea* ) twelve1 & !y att5d ! *>iot ( ! sun1 & g ) him1 br++ heat & dew z !y are ord]$ by ,god40#aeea ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,philo ,,judaeus ,bibliographical note--,philo ! m$iator betwe5 ,hell5i/ic & ,jewi%-,*ri/ian ?\ght--,8 influ5ce ^u ! middle ages 0 indirect--,good & bad magic--,/>s n gods nor fir/ causes--,b rational & virtu\s animals1 & ,god's vic]oys ov] inf]iors--,!y d n cause evil2 b x is possible to pr$ict ! future f _! motions--,jewi% a/rology--,p]fection ( ! numb] sev5--,& ( fifty--,also ( f\r & six--,spirits ( ! air--,int]pretation ( dreams--,politics are ak9 to magic--,a ?\ght repeat$ by ,moses ,maimonides & ,alb]tus ,magnus4 8,b s9ce e city 9 :i* laws are prop]ly e/abli%$ has a regul> con/itution1 x became necess>y = ?is citiz5 ( ! _w to adopt ! same con/itution z t :i* prevail$ 9 ! univ]sal _w4 ,& ?is con/itution is ! "r reason ( nature40 --,on ,creation1 cap4 #ej4 ,sid5ote3 ,philo ! m$iator betwe5 ,hell5i/ic & ,jewi%-,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,!re probably is no o!r man :o m>ks s well ! fusion ( ,hell5ic & ,hebrew ideas & ! transition f !m to ,*ri/ian ?\ght z ,philo ,judaeus4#aeeb ,he fl\ri%$ at ,alex&ria 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( our era--! exact dates bo? ( 8 bir? & ( 8 dea? are unc]ta9--& speaks ( himself z an old man at ! "t ( 8 p>ticipation 9 ! embassy ( ,jews to ! ,emp]or ,gaius or ,caligula 9 #dj ,a4 ,d4 ,he repeats ! doctr9es ( ! ,greek philosoph]s & anticipates mu* t ! *ur* fa!rs discuss4 ,be=e ! ,neo-,platoni/s he reg>ds matt] z ! s\rce ( all evil & feels ! necessity ( m$iators1 angels or demons1 betwe5 ,god & man4 ,be=e ! m$ieval revival ( ,ari/otle & natural philosophy he tries to reconcile ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( creation ) belief 9 a _w s\l1 & mono!ism ) a/rology4 ,be=e ! rise ( ,*ri/ian mona/icism he describes 9 8 treatise ,on ! ,contemplative ,life an ascetic community ( ,!rapeutae at ,lake ,ma]otis4#aeec ,aft] ,py?agoras he enl>ges ^u ! my/ic significance ( numb]s4 ,aft] ,plato he repeats ! conception ( an ideal city ( ,god :i* 0 to ga9 su* a hold ^u ,*ri/ian imag9ation4#aeed ,aft] ! ,/oics he proclaims ! doctr9e ( ! law ( nature1 holds t ! in/itution ( human slav]y is absolutely contr>y to x1 & writes 8a treatise to prove t e virtu\s man is free0 & t to be virtu\s is to live 9 con=mity to nature4#aeee ,he _h previ\sly writt5 ano!r treatise design$ to %[ t 8e wick$ man 0 a slave10#aeef & he held a !ory :i* we met 9 ! ,eno* lit]ature & %all meet aga9 9 a numb] ( subsequ5t writ]s t s9 0 puni%$ naturally by =ces ( nature su* z floods & ?und]bolts4 ,he did n orig9ate ! practice ( allegorical int]pretation ( ! ,bible b he is our fir/ great extant example !re(4 ,he ev5 w5t s f> z to reg>d ! tree ( life & ! /ory ( ! s]p5t tempt+ ,eve z purely symbolical1 an attitude :i* f\nd little favor ) ,*ri/ian writ]s4#aeeg ,8 ef=t by means ( ! allegorical me?od to f9d 9 ! books ( ! ,p5tateu* all ! attractive concepts & !ories :i* he _h le>n$ f ! ,greeks became lat] 9 ! ,*ri/ian apologi/s an ass]tion t ,plato & ,py?agoras _h borr[$ _! doctr9es f ,abraham & ,moses4 ,8 doctr9e ( ! logos _h a p[]ful influ5ce ^u ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & ! !ology ( ! e>ly *ur*4#aeeh ,yet ,philo affirms t no m p]fect good ?an philosophy exi/s 9 human life & 9 bo? lit]>y /yle & erudition he is a ,hell5e to 8 v f+] tips4 ,! rec5t t5d5cy1 se5 especially 9 ,g]man s*ol>%ip1 to d5y ! writ]s ( ! ,roman ,empire any capacity = orig9al ?\ght & to trace back _! ideas to unextant au?ors ( a suppos$ly mu* m productive ,hell5i/ic age has p]haps be5 c>ri$ too f>4 ,b if we may n reg>d ,philo z a great orig9ator1 & x is evid5t t he borr[$ _m ( 8 ideas1 he 0 at any rate a great transmitt] ( ?\ght1 a m$iator aft] 8 own he>t betwe5 ,jews & ,greeks1 & betwe5 !m bo? & ! ,*ri/ian writ]s to come4 ,/&+ at ! close ( ! ,hell5i/ic age & at ! op5+ ( ! ,roman p]iod1 he occupies 9 ! hi/ory ( speculative & !ological ?\ght an analog\s position to t ( ,pl9y ! ,eld] 9 ! hi/ory ( natural sci5ce1 ga!r+ up ! lore ( ! pa/1 p]haps improv+ x ) "s additions ( 8 own1 & ex]cis+ a pr(\nd influ5ce ^u ! age to come4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 influ5ce ^u ! middle ages 0 indirect4 ,philo's m$ieval influ5ce1 h[ev]1 0 probably m indirect ?an ,pl9y's & pass$ itself on ?r\gh yet o!r m$iators to ! m remote times4 ,comp>atively speak+1 ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,pl9y probably 0 m important 9 ! middle ages ?an 9 ! e>ly ,roman ,empire :5 o!r au?orities prevail$ 9 ! ,greek-speak+ _w4 ,philo's influ5ce on ! o!r h& mu/ soon be transmitt$ ?r\gh ,*ri/ian1 & !n aga9 ?r\gh ,lat91 m$iums4 ,?is is indicat$ by ! fact t to-day _m ( 8 works are :olly lo/ or extant only 9 fragm5ts#aeei or 9 ,arm5ian v]sions1#aefj & t we h no sure in=mation z to ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 compos$4#aefa ,b 8 initial =ce is none ! less ( ! greate/ mom5t1 & seems amply suffici5t to ju/ify u 9 select+ 8 writ+s z "o ( our />t+ po9ts4 ,! ext5t to :i* "o is apt to f9d 9 ! writ+s ( ,philo passages :i* are =]unn]s ( ! /atem5ts ( subsequ5t writ]s1 may be illu/rat$ by ! famili> /ory ( ,k+ ,canute & ! tide4 ,philo 9 8 "w ,on ,dreams#aefb speaks ( ! cu/om ( ! ,g]mans ( *>g+ ! incom+ tide ) _! drawn swords4 ,b :at especially conc]n u are ,philo's /atem5ts conc]n+ magic1 a/rology1 ! />s1 ! p]fection & p[] ( numb]s1 demons1 & ! int]pretation ( dreams4 ,sid5ote3 ,good & bad magic4 ,philo draws a di/9ction betwe5 magic 9 ! good & bad s5se4 ,! =m] & true magical art is ! lore ( le>n$ ,p]sians call$ ,magi :o inve/igate nature m m9utely & deeply ?an is usual & expla9 div9e virtues cle>ly4#aefc ,! latt] magic is a spuri\s imitation ( ! o!r1 practis$ by quacks & impo/ors1 old-wives & slaves1 :o by means ( incantations & ! l proc$ure pr(ess to *ange m5 f love to hatr$ or vice v]sa & :o 8deceive unsuspect+ p]sons & wa/e :ole families away by degrees & )\t mak+ any noise40 ,x is to ?is adult]at$ & evil magic t ,philo aga9 ref]s :5 he lik5s political life to ,joseph's coat ( _m colors1 /a9$ ) ! blood ( w>s1 & 9 :i* a v little tru? is mix$ up ) a great deal ( sophi/ry ak9 to t ( ! augurs1 v5triloqui/s1 sorc]]s1 juggl]s & en*ant]s1 8f ^: trea*]\s arts x is v difficult to escape40#aefd ,?is di/9ction betwe5 a magic ( ! wise & ( nature & t ( vulg> impo/ors is "o :i* we %all f9d 9 _m subsequ5t writ]s1 al?\gh x 0 n recogniz$ by ,pl9y4 ,philo also antec$es num]\s ,*ri/ian comm5tators ^u ! ,book ( ,numb]s#aefe 9 consid]+ ! vex$ "q :e!r ,balaam 0 an evil en*ant] & div9]1 or a div9e prophet1 or :e!r he comb9$ magic & prophecy1 & ?us indicat$ t ! =m] art is n evil b has div9e approval4 ,philo's conclusion is ! m usual "o t ,balaam 0 a celebrat$ div9] & magician1 & t x is impossible t 8holy inspiration %\ld be comb9$ ) magic10 b t 9 ! p>ticul> case ( 8 bless+ ,israel ! _s ( div9e prophecy took possession ( him & 8drove all 8 artificial sy/em ( cunn+ div9ation out ( 8 s\l40#aeff ,sid5ote3 ,/>s n gods nor fir/ causes4 ,philo has consid]ably m to say ^u ! subject ( a/rology ?an ^u t ( magic4 ,he 0 especially conc]n$ to d5y t ! />s 7 fir/ causes or indep5d5t gods4 ,he *id$ ! ,*aldean adepts 9 g5e?lialogy = recogniz+ no o!r god ?an ! univ]se & no o!r causes ?an ^? app>5t to ! s5ses1 & = reg>d+ fate & necessity z gods & ! p]iodical revolutions ( ! heav5ly bodies z ! cause ( all good & evil4#aefg ,philo m ?an once exhorts ! read] to foll[ ,abraham's example 9 leav+ ,*aldea & ! sci5ce ( g5e?lialogy & com+ to ,*>ran to a compreh5sion ( ! true nature ( ,god4#aefh ,he agre$ ) ,moses t ! />s %\ld n be wor%ip$ & t !y _h be5 creat$ by ,god1 & m ?an t1 n creat$ until ! f\r? day1 9 ord] t x might be p]fectly cle> to m5 t !y 7 n ! prim>y causes ( ?+s4#aefi ,sid5ote3 ,b rational & virtu\s animals3 & ,god's vic]oys ov] inf]iors4 ,philo1 nev]!less1 despite 8 attack on ! ,*aldeans1 believ$ 9 mu* :i* we %\ld call a/rological4 ,! />s1 al?\gh n indep5d5t gods1 are nev]!less div9e images ( surpass+ beauty & possess div9e natures1 al?\gh !y are n incorporeal be+s4 ,philo di/+ui%es betwe5 ! />s1 m51 & o!r animals z foll[s4 ,! bea/s are capable ( nei!r virtue nor vice2 human be+s are capable ( bo?2 ! />s are intellig5t animals1 b incapable ( any evil & :olly virtu\s4#aegj ,!y 7 native-born citiz5s ( ! _w long be=e its fir/ human citiz5 _h be5 naturaliz$4#aega ,god1 moreov]1 did n po/pone _! creation until ! f\r? day because sup]iors are subject to inf]iors4 ,on ! contr>y !y are ! vic]oys ( ! ,fa!r ( all & 9 ! va/ city ( ?is univ]se ! rul+ class is made up ( ! planets & fix$ />s1 & ! subject class consi/s ( all ! natures b5ea? ! moon4#aegb ,a relation ( natural sympa?y exi/s betwe5 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! univ]se1 & all ?+s ^u ! e>? are dep5d5t ^u ! />s4#aegc ,sid5ote3 ,!y d n cause evil3 b x is possible to pr$ict ! future f _! motions4 ,philo ( c\rse w n admit t evil is caus$ ei!r by ! virtu\s />s or by ,god work+ ?r\gh !m4 ,z has be5 said1 he attribut$ evil to matt] or to 8! natural *anges ( ! elem5ts10#aegd draw+ a l9e betwe5 ,god & nature 9 mu* ! fa%ion ( ! *ur* fa!rs lat]4 ,b he grant$ t 8be=e n[ "s m5 h conjecturally pr$ict$ di/urbances & commotions ( ! e>? f ! revolutions ( ! heav5ly bodies1 & innum]able o!r ev5ts :i* h turn$ out mo/ exactly true40#aege ,philo's int]e/ 9 a/ronomy & a/rology is fur!r sugge/$ by 8 int]pretation ( ! elev5 />s ( ,joseph's dream z ref]r+ to ! signs ( ! zodiac1#aegf ,joseph himself mak+ ! twelf?2 & by 8 int]pret+ ! ladd] 9 ,jacob's dream :i* /ret*$ betwe5 e>? & heav5 z ref]r+ to ! air1#aegg into :i* e>?'s evaporations dissolve1 :ile ! moon is n pure e!r l ! o!r />s b itself conta9s "s air4 ,?is acc\nts1 ,philo ?9ks1 = ! spots ^u ! moon--an explanation :i* ,i d n rememb] hav+ met 9 subsequ5t writ]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,jewi% a/rology4 ,josephus#aegh & ! ,jews 9 g5]al ( ,philo's "t 7 equally devot$ to a/rology accord+ to ,mnt]1 :o says3 8,only _! a/rology 0 subord9at$ to !ism4 ,! "o ,god always appe>$ z ! ma/] ( ! ho/ ( heav54 ,b !y reg>d$ ! />s z liv+ div9e be+s & p[]s ( heav540#aegi ,9 ! ,talmud lat] we read t ! h\r ( ,abraham's bir? 0 ann\nc$ by ! />s & t he fe>$ f 8 obs]vations ( ! con/ellations t he w\ld g *ildless4 ,mnt] also gives examples ( ! belief ( ! rabbis 9 ! influ5ce ( ! />s ^u ! de/9y ( ! ,jewi% p & ^u ! fate ( individual m51 & ( _! belief t a /> w\ld ann\nce ! com+ ( ! ,messiah4#aehj ,sid5ote3 ,p]fection ( ! numb] sev54 ,f ,philo's a/rology x is an easy /ep to 8 frequ5t rev]ies conc]n+ ! p]fection & my/ic significance ( c]ta9 numb]s1--a tra9 ( ?\ght :i* 0 cont9u$ by _m ( ! *ur* fa!rs1 & is also f\nd 9 v>i\s pagan writ]s ( ! ,roman ,empire4#aeha ,?omas ,br[ne 9 8 enquiry into 8,vulg> ,errors0#aehb 0 incl9$ to hold ,philo ev5 m responsible ?an ,py?agoras or ,plato = ! dissem9ation ( su* doctr9es4 ,philo himself recognizes ! close connection betwe5 a/rology & numb] my/icism1 :51 aft] affirm+ ! dep5d5ce ( all e>?ly ?+s ^u ! heav5ly bodies1 he adds3 8,x is 9 heav51 too1 t ! ratio ( ! numb] sev5 began40#aehc ,philo d\bts if x is possible to express adequately ! glories ( ! numb] sev51 b he feels t he ought at lea/ to attempt x & devotes a doz5 *apt]s ( 8 treatise on ! creation ( ! _w to x1#aehd to say no?+ ( o!r passages4 ,he notes t !re are sev5 planets1 sev5 circles ( heav51 f\r qu>t]s ( ! moon ( sev5 days ea*1 t su* con/ellations z ! ,pleiades & ,ursa ,major consi/ ( sev5 />s1 & t *ildr5 born at ! end ( sev5 mon?s live1 :ile ^? :o see ! light 9 ! eigh? mon? die4 ,9 diseases ! sev5? is a critical day4 ,also !re are ei!r sev5 ages ( man's life1 z ,hippocrates says1 or1 9 accordance ) ,solon's l9es1 man's ?ree-score ye>s & t5 may be subdivid$ into t5 p]iods ( sev5 ye>s ea*4 ,! lyre ( sev5 /r+s corresponds to ! sev5 planets1 & 9 spee* !re are sev5 v[els4 ,!re are sev5 divisions ( ! head--eyes1 e>s1 no/rils1 & m\?1 sev5 divisions ( ! body1 sev5 k9ds ( motion1 sev5 ?+s se51 & ev5 ! s5ses are sev5 r ?an five if we add ! vocal & g5]ative organs4#aehe ,sid5ote3 ,& ( fifty4 ,philo's ideal sect1 ! ,!rapeutae1 are wont to assemble z a prelude to _! greate/ fea/ at ! end ( sev5 weeks1 8v5]at+ n only ! simple week ( sev5 days b also its multipli$ p[]10#aehf b ! *ief fe/ival itself occurs on ! fiftie? day1 8! mo/ holy & natural ( numb]s1 be+ comp\nd$ ( ! p[] ( ! "r-angl$ triangle1 :i* is ! pr9ciple ( ! orig9ation & condition ( ! :ole40#aehg ,sid5ote3 ,also ( f\r & six4 ,! numb]s f\r & six1 h[ev]1 yield little to sev5 & fifty 9 ! matt] ( p]fection4 ,x 0 ! f\r? day t ,god *ose = ! creation ( ! heav5ly bodies1 & ,he did n ne$ six days = ! entire "w ( creation1 b x 0 fitt+ t t p]fect "w %\ld be accompli%$ 9 a p]fect numb] ( days4 ,six is ! product ( ! fir/ female numb]1 two1 & ! fir/ male numb]1 ?ree4 ,inde$1 ! fir/ ?ree numb]s1 "o1 two1 & ?ree1 :e!r add$ or multipli$1 give six4#aehh ,z = f\r1 !re are t _m elem5ts & seasons2 x is ! only numb] produc$ by ! same numb]--two--:e!r add$ to itself or multipli$ by itself2 x is ! fir/ squ>e & z su* ! emblem ( ju/ice & equality2 x also repres5ts ! cube or solid1 z ! numb] "o /&s = a po9t1 two = a l9e1 & ?ree = a surface4#aehi ,fur!rmore f\r is ! s\rce ( 8! all-p]fect decade10 s9ce "o & two & ?ree & f\r make t54 ,at ?is we beg9 to suspect1 & ) consid]able ju/ification1 z ! writ+s ( o!r devotees ( ! philosophy ( numb]s w\ld %[1 t ! numb] ( p]fect numb]s is legion4 ,we may n1 h[ev]1 foll[ ,philo mu* f>!r on ?is topic4 ,suffice x to add t he f9ds ! fif? day fitt+ = ! creation ( animals possess$ ( five s5ses1#aeij :ile he divides ! t5 plagues ( ,egypt into ?ree deal+ ) ! m solid elem5ts1 e>? & wat]1 & p]=m$ by ,a>on2 ?ree deal+ ) air & fire :i* 7 entru/$ to ,moses2 ! sev5? 0 committ$ to bo? ,a>on & ,moses2 :ile ! o!r ?ree ,god res]v$ = ,himself4#aeia ,sid5ote3 ,spirits ( ! air4 ,philo believ$ 9 a _w ( spirits1 bo? ! angels ( ! ,jews & ! demons ( ! ,greeks4 ,:5 ,god said3 8,let u make man10 ,philo believ$ t ,he 0 address+ ^? assi/ant spirits :o %\ld be held responsible = ! vici\sness to :i* man alone ( all creation is liable4#aeib ,( ! div9e rational natures ,philo reg>d$ "s z incorporeal1 o!rs l ! />s z possess$ ( bodies4#aeic ,he also believ$ t !re 7 spirits 9 ! air z well z af> (f 9 heav54 ,he c\ld n see :y ! air %\ld n be inhabit$ :5 !re 7 />s 9 ! e!r & fi% 9 ! sea z well z o!r animals ^u l&4#aeid ,inde$ he argu$ t x w\ld be absurd t ! elem5t :i* 0 ess5tial = ! vitality ev5 ( l& & aquatic animals %\ld h no liv+ be+s ( its own4 ,t ^! spirits ( ! air mu/ be invisible did n tr\ble him1 s9ce ! human s\l is also invisible4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]pretation ( dreams4 ,( ,philo's five books on dreams only two are extant4 ,!y suffice to %[1 h[ev]1 t he accept$ ! art ( div9ation f dreams4 ,( dreams he di/+ui%$ ?ree v>ieties3 ^? direct f ,god :i* require no int]pretation2 ^? 9 :i* ! dream]'s m9d moves 9 unison ) ! _w s\l1 & :i* are nei!r entirely cle> nor yet v obscure--an in/ance is ,jacob's vision ( ! ladd]2 & ?ird1 ^? 9 :i* ! m9d is mov$ by a prophetic fr5zy ( its own1 & :i* require ! sci5ce ( int]pretation--su* dreams 7 ,joseph's conc]n+ 8 bro!rs1 & ^? ( ! butl] & ! bak] at ,ph>aoh's c\rt4#aeie ,sid5ote3 ,politics ak9 to magic4 ,! rec5t w> & its accompanim5ts & sequels h br\ght home to "s ! conviction t our mod]n civilization is aft] all n va/ly sup]ior to t ( "s prec$+ ages4 ,to ^? :o /ill imag9e t because mod]n sci5ce has fre$ u f mu* pa/ sup]/ition conc]n+ nature1 we are !re=e free f political fakirs1 f social absurdities1 & f fallaci\s proc$ure & reason+ 9 _m dep>tm5ts ( life1 ! read+ may be recomm5d$ ( a passage 9 ,philo's treatise on dreams1#aeif 9 :i* he classifies ! art ( politics along ) t ( magic4 ,he comp>es ,joseph's coat ( _m colors to 8! mu*-v>iegat$ web ( political affairs0 :]e along ) 8! smalle/ possible portion ( tru?0 falsehoods ( e %ade ( plausibility are int]wov52 & he comp>es politicians & /atesm5 to augurs1 v5triloqui/s1 & sorc]]s1 8m5 skilful 9 juggl+ & 9 incantations & 9 tricks ( all k9ds1 f ^: trea*]\s arts x is v difficult to escape40 ,he adds t ,moses v naturally repres5t$ ,joseph's coat z blood-/a9$1 s9ce all /atecraft is ta9t$ ) w>s & blood%$4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ?\ght repeat$ by ,moses ,maimonides & ,alb]tus ,magnus4 ,twelve c5turies lat] we f9d ,philo's association ( politicians ) magicians repeat$ by 8 compatriot ,moses ,maimonides 9 ! ,m ,nevo*im or ,guide = ! ,p]plex$1#aeig a "w :i* appe>$ almo/ imm$iately 9 ,lat9 translation & f :i* ?is v passage is cit$ by ,alb]tus ,magnus 9 8 discussion ( div9ation by dreams4#aeih ,!re are "s m51 says ,alb]t1 9 :om ! intellect is abundant & active & cle>4 ,su* m5 are ak9 to ! sup]ior sub/ances1 t is1 to ! angels & />s1 & !re=e ,moses ( ,egypt1 i4e41 ,maimonides1 calls !m sages4 ,b !re are o!rs :o1 accord+ to ,alb]t1 conf\nd true wisdom ) sophi/ry & are cont5t ) m]e probabilities & imag9ations & are at home 9 8rhetorical & civil matt]s40 ,maimonides1 h[ev]1 describ$ ?is class a little diff]5tly1 say+ t 9 !m ! imag9ative faculty is prepond]ant & ! rational faculty imp]fect4 8,:5ce arises ! sect ( politicians1 ( legislators1 ( div9]s1 ( en*ant]s1 ( dream]s1 444 & ( pre/idigiteurs :o "w m>vels by /range cunn+ & occult arts40#aeii ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,gno/ics ,difficulty 9 def9+ ,gno/icism--,magic & a/rology 9 ,gno/icism--,simon ,magus z a ,gno/ic--,simon's ,hel5--,! numb] ?irty & ! moon--,ophites & ,se?ians--,a magical diagram--,employm5t ( names & =mulae--,sev5 metals & planets--,magic ( ,simon's foll[]s--,magic ( ,m>cus 9 ! ,eu*>i/--,o!r magic & occult lore ( ,m>cus--,"n & numb] magic--,! magic v[els--,magic ( ,c>pocrates--,! ,abraxas & ! numb] #cfe--;,a/rology ( ,basilides--,! ,book ( ,helxai--,epiphanius on ! ,el*asaites--,! ,book ( ! ,laws ( ,c\ntries--,p]sonality ( ,b>desanes--,s9 possible = m51 angels1 & />s--,does fate 9 ! a/rological s5se prevail8--,national laws & cu/oms z a pro( ( free w--,pi/is-,sophia2 attitude to a/rology--8,magic0 condemn$--,p[] ( names & rites--,int]e/ 9 natural sci5ce--8,gno/ic gems0 & a/rology--,! planets 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian art--,gno/ic amulets 9 ,spa9--,syriac ,*ri/ian *>ms--,priscillian execut$ = magic--,mani*ean manuscripts--,! ,m&aeans4 ,sid5ote3 ,difficulty 9 def9+ ,gno/icism4 ,gno/icism#afjj is n easy to def9e & ! t]m ,gno/ic appe>s to h be5 appli$ to a great v>iety ( sects ) a confus+ div]sity ( beliefs4 ,_m ( ! con/itu5ts & roots at lea/ ( ,gno/icism 7 old] ?an ,*ri/ianity1 & x is n[ ! cu/om to associate ! ,gnosis or sup]ior k & revelation1 :i* gives ! movem5t its "n1 n ) ,greek philosophy or my/]ies b ) ori5tal speculation & religions4 ,anz#afja has be5 impress$ by its connection ) ,babylonian />-wor%ip2 ,aml9eau#afjb has urg$ its debt to ,egyptian magic & religion2 ,b\sset#afjc has argu$ = ,p]sian orig9s4 ,! ma9 features ( ! great ori5tal religions :i* swept we/w>d ov] ! ,roman ,empire 7 %>$ by ,gno/icism3 ! r$eem] god1 ev5 ! great "m goddess conception to "s ext5t1 ! div9ely reveal$ my/]ies1 ! secret symbols1 ! dualism1 & ! cosmic !ory4 ,gno/icism z x is kn[n to u1 h[ev]1 is m closely connect$ ) ,*ri/ianity ?an ) any o!r ori5tal religion or body ( ?\ght1 = ! extant s\rces consi/ almo/ entirely ei!r ( ,gno/ic treatises :i* pret5d to be ,*ri/ian ,scriptures & 7 almo/ entirely writt5 9 ,coptic 9 ! second or ?ird c5tury ( our era1#afjd or ( ho/ile descriptions ( ,gno/ic h]esies by ! e>ly *ur* fa!rs4 ,h[ev]1 ! philosoph] ,plot9us also criticiz$ ! ,gno/ics1 z we h se54 ,sid5ote3 ,magic & a/rology 9 ,gno/icism4 ,:at especially conc]ns our inve/igation is ! great use made1 or said to be made1 by ! ,gno/ics ( sacr$ =mulae1 symbols1 & names ( demons1 & ! preval5ce among !m ( a/rological !ory z %[n by _! widespread notion ( ! sev5 planets z ! p[]s :o h creat$ our inf]ior & mat]ial _w & :o rule ov] its affairs4 ,gno/icism 0 deeply influ5c$ by1 albeit x to "s ext5t repres5ts a reaction aga9/1 ! ,babylonian />-wor%ip & incantation ( spirits4 ,! sev5 planets & ! demons occupy an important place 9 ,gno/ic my? because !y int]v5e betwe5 our _w & ! _w ( supreme light1 & _! sph]es mu/ be trav]s$--mu* z 9 ! ,book ( ,eno* & ,dante's ,p>adiso--bo? by ! r$eem+ god 9 8 desc5t & return & by any human s\l t w\ld escape f ?is _w ( fate1 d>kness1 & matt]4 ,:at enc\ragem5t !re is = su* views 9 ! canonical ,scriptures !mselves may be inf]r$ f ! foll[+ passage 9 :i* ,*ri/ =etells ,8 second com+3 8,imm$iately aft] ! tribulation ( ^? days %all ! sun be d>k5$1 & ! moon %all n give h] light1 & ! />s %all fall f heav51 & ! p[]s ( ! heav5s %all be %ak54 ,& !n %all appe> ! sign ( ! ,son ( man 9 heav52 & !n %all all ! tribes ( ! e>? m\rn1 & !y %all see ! ,son ( man com+ 9 ! cl\ds ( heav5 ) p[] & great glory4 ,& ,he %all s5d ,8 angels ) a great s\nd ( a trumpet1 & !y %all ga!r toge!r ,8 elect f ! f\r w9ds1 f "o end ( heav5 to ! o!r40#afje ,b 9 ord] to pass ! demons & ! sph]es ( ! planets1 :o are usually repres5t$ z oppos$ to ?is1 "o mu/1 z 9 ! ,egyptian ,book ( ! ,dead1 "k ! passwords1 ! names ( ! spirits1 ! sacr$ =mulae1 ! appropriate symbols1 & all ! o!r app>atus sugge/ive ( magic & necromancy :i* =ms s l>ge a "p ( ! gnosis t gives its "n to ! sy/em4 ,?is w become ! m app>5t f ! foll[+ p>ticul> acc\nts ( ,gno/ic sects & doctr9es f\nd 9 ! works ( ! ,*ri/ian fa!rs & 9 ! scanty rema9s ( ! ,gno/ics !mselves4 ,! philosoph] ,plot9us we h already he>d *>ge ! ,gno/ics ) resort to magic & sorc]y1 & ) ascrib+ evil & fatal influ5ce to ! />s4 ,at ! same "t we %rewdly suspect t ,gno/icism has be5 made a scapegoat = ! s9s 9 ^! reg>ds ( bo? e>ly ,*ri/ianity & pagan philosophy4 ,sid5ote3 ,simon ,magus z a ,gno/ic4 ,simon ,magus1 ( ^: magical exploits z record$ by _m a ,*ri/ian writ] we %all treat 9 ano!r *apt]1 is also repres5t$ by ! fa!rs z hold+ ,gno/ic doctr9e1 al?\gh "s writ]s h cont5d$ t ,simon ! magician nam$ 9 ,acts 0 an entirely diff]5t p]son f ,simon ! h]etic & au?or ( ,! ,great ,decl>ation4#afjf ,simon decl>$ himself ! ,great ,p[] ( ,god1 or ! ,be+ :o 0 ov] all1 :o _h appe>$ 9 ,sam>ia z ! ,fa!r1 9 ,judea z ! ,son1 & to o!r nations z ! ,holy ,_s4#afjg ,9 ! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es ,simon is repres5t$ z argu+ aga9/ ,pet] 9 *>act]i/ically ,gno/ic /yle t 8he :o fram$ ! _w is n ! highe/ ,god1 b t ! highe/ ,god is ano!r :o alone is good & :o has rema9$ unkn[n up to ?is "t40#afjh ,accord+ to ,epiphanius ,simon claim$ to h desc5d$ f heav5 ?r\gh ! planet>y sph]es & spirits 9 ! mann] ( ! ,gno/ic r$eem]4 ,he is quot$ z say+1 8,b 9 ea* heav5 ,i *ang$ my =m 9 accordance ) ! =m ( ^? :o 7 9 ea* heav51 t ,i might escape ! notice ( my angelic p[]s & come d[n to ! ,?\ght1 :o is none o!r ?an %e :o is likewise call$ ,pr\nikon & ! ,holy ,_s40 ,epiphanius fur!r in=ms u t ,simon believ$ 9 a plurality ( heav5s1 assign$ c]ta9 p[]s to ea* firmam5t & heav51 & appli$ b>b>ic names to ^! spirits or cosmic =ces4 8,nor10 adds ,epiphanius1 8c anyone be sav$ unless he le>ns ?is my/ic lore & (f]s su* sacrifices to ! ,fa!r ( all ?r\gh ^! ar*ons & au?orities40#afji ,sid5ote3 ,simon's ,hel54 ,! fa!rs tell u t ,simon w5t ab\t ) a woman call$ ,hel5a or ,hel51 :o ,ju/9 ,m>tyr says _h =m]ly be5 a pro/itute4#afaj ,simon is said to h call$ h] ! "m ( all1 ?r\gh :om ,god _h creat$ ! angels & aeons1 :o 9 _! turn _h =m$ ! _w & m54 ,^! cosmic p[]s _h !n1 h[ev]1 ca/ h] d[n to e>?1 :]e %e _h be5 conf9$ 9 v>i\s successive human & animal bodies4 ,%e seems to h obta9$ h] "n ( ,hel5 f ! fact t x 0 = h] t ! ,trojan w> _h be5 f\ght1 an ev5t :i* ,simon seems to h subject$ to mu* allegorical int]pretation4 ,he also spoke ( ,hel5 z 8! lo/ %eep10 :om he1 ! ,great ,p[]1 _h desc5d$ f heav5 to release f ! bonds ( ! fle%4 ,%e 0 t ,?\ght or ,holy ,_s :i* we h he>d him say he came d[n to recov]4 ,simon's ,hel5 also corresponds to ,pi/is-,sophia1 :o 9 ! extant ,gno/ic "w nam$ aft] h] desc5ds ?r\gh ! twelve aeons1 deceiv$ by a lion-fac$ p[] :om !y h =m$ to mislead h]1 & !n reasc5ds by ! aid ( ,jesus or ! true light4 ,x seems fairly evid5t t ! fa!rs#afaa h tak5 lit]ally & trave/i$ by a sc&al\s application to an actual woman a beautiful ,gno/ic my? or allegory conc]n+ ! human s\l4 ,at ! same "t ,simon's ,hel5 rem9ds u ( ,jesus's relations ) ! woman tak5 9 adult]y1 ! woman ( ,sam>ia1 & ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 x may be not$1 9 ! ,gno/ic writ+1 ,pi/is-,sophia1 takes a rle sup]ior to ! twelve disciples1 a fact ( :i* ,pet] compla9s to 8 ,"l m ?an once4 ,b ,simon's ,hel5 0 t _s ( tru? :i* lies lat5t 9 ! human m9d & :i* he endeavor$ to release by means ( ! philosophy1 a/rology1 & magic ( 8 "t4 ,may mod]n sci5tific me?od prove m successful 9 sett+ ! prison] free6 ,sid5ote3 ,! numb] ?irty & ! moon4 ,we f9d 9 ! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es o!r details conc]n+ ,simon & ,hel5 :i* br+ out ! a/rological side ( ,gno/icism4 ,we are told t ,john ! ,bapti/ _h ?irty disciples1 a numb] sugge/ive ( ! days ( ! moon & also ( ! ?irty aeons ( ! ,gno/ics ( :om we else:]e he> a great deal4#afab ,b ! revolution ( ! moon does n occupy ?irty full days1 s t we are n surpris$ to le>n t "o ( ^! disciples 0 a woman & fur!rmore t %e 0 ! v ,hel5 ( :om we h be5 speak+4 ,at lea/1 %e is s call$ 9 ! ,homilies ( ! ,pseudo-,clem5t2 9 ! ,recognitions %e is actually call$ ,luna or ! ,moon4#afac ,aft] ! dea? ( ,john ! ,bapti/ ,simon by 8 magic p[] supplant$ ,dosi!us z lead] ( ! ?irty1 & !n fell 9 love ) ,luna & w5t ab\t ) h]1 proclaim+ t %e 0 ,wisdom or ,tru?1 8br\ght d[n 444 f ! highe/ heav5s to ?is _w40#afad ,! numb] ?irty is aga9 associat$ ) ,simon & ,dosi!us 9 a curi\sly insi/5t1 al?\gh app>5tly unconsci\s1 mann] by ,orig51 :o 9 "o passage ( 8 ,reply to ,celsus1 writt5 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ?ird c5tury1 expresses d\bt :e!r ?irty foll[]s ( ,simon1 ! ,sam>itan magician1 c be f\nd 9 all ! _w1 & 9 a second passage1 :ile ass]t+ t 8,simonians are f\nd n[h]e ?r\gh\t ! _w10 adds t ( ! foll[]s ( ,dosi!us !re are n[ n m ?an ?irty 9 all4#afae ,sid5ote3 ,ophites & ,se?ians4 ,simil> to ,simon's acc\nt ( ! heav5s & ( 8 desc5t ?r\gh !m 7 ! tea*+s ( ! ,ophites & ,se?ians :o1 accord+ to ,ir5aeus1#afaf held t ,*ri/ 8desc5d$ ?r\gh ! sev5 heav5s1 hav+ assum$ ! lik5ess ( _! sons1 & gradually empti$ !m ( _! p[]40 ,^! h]etics also repres5t$ ! 8heav5s1 pot5tates1 p[]s1 angels1 & creators z sitt+ 9 _! prop] ord] 9 heav51 accord+ to _! g5]ation1 & z invisibly rul+ ov] ?+s cele/ial & t]re/rial40 ,all rul+ spirits 7 n invisible1 h[ev]1 s9ce ! ,ophites & ,se?ians id5tifi$ ) ! sev5 planets _! ,holy ,hebdomad1 consi/+ ( ,ialdabao?1 ,iao1 ,sabao?1 ,adonaus 7or1 ,adonai71 ,eloeus1 ,oreus1 & ,a/anphaeus1--names (t5 employ$ 9 ! ,greek magical papyri1#afag 9 m$ieval incantations1 & 9 ! ,jewi% ,cabbala4 ,! ,ophites & ,se?ians fur!r ass]t$ t :5 ! s]p5t 0 ca/ d[n into ! l[] _w by ! ,fa!r1 he begat six sons :o1 ) himself1 con/itute a gr\p ( sev5 correspond+ & 9 contra/ to ! ,holy ,hebdomad :i* surr\nd ! ,fa!r4 ,!y are ! sev5 mundane demons :o are ev] ho/ile to humanity4 ,! ,se?ians ( c\rse took _! "n f ,se?1 son ( ,adam1 :o 9 ! middle ages 0 reg>d$ sometimes1 l ,eno*1 z ! especial recipi5t ( div9e revelation & z ! au?or ( sacr$ books4 ,! hi/orian ,josephus /ates 9 8 ,jewi% ,antiquities t ,se? & 8 desc5dants discov]$ ! art ( a/ronomy & t "o ( ! two pill>s on :i* !y record$ _! f9d+s 0 /ill extant 9 8 "t1 ! fir/ c5tury4#afah ,"u ! caption1 ,se?ian ,tablets ( ,curses1 ,wns* has publi%$ "s magical imprecations scrat*$ on lead tablets betwe5 #cij & #dbj ,a4 ,d4 at ,rome4#afai ,eight revelations ascrib$ to ,adam & ,se? are also extant 9 ,arm5ian4#afbj ,sid5ote3 ,a magical diagram4 ,9 ,orig5's ,reply to ,celsus is describ$ a my/ic diagram ) details r$ol5t ( magic & a/rological necromancy1#afba :i* ,celsus _h laid to ! *>ge ( ,*ri/ians g5]ally b :i* ,orig5 decl>es is probably ! product ( ! 8v insignificant sect call$ ,ophites40 ,orig5 himself has se5 ?is diagram or "o some?+ l x1 & assures 8 read]s t 8we "k ! dep? ( ^! unhall[$ my/]ies10 b he decl>es t he has nev] met anybody any:]e :o put any fai? 9 ?is diagram4 ,obvi\sly1 h[ev]1 su* a diagram w\ld n h be5 9 exi/5ce if no "o _h ev] _h fai? 9 x4 ,fur!rmore1 its survival into ,orig5's "t1 :5 he ass]ts t m5 _h ceas$ to use x1 is evid5ce ( ! antiquity ( ! sect & ! sup]/ition4 ,9 ?is diagram t5 di/9ct circles 7 unit$ by a s+le circle repres5t+ ! s\l ( all ?+s & call$ ,levia?an4 ,celsus spoke ( ! upp] circles1 ( :i* at lea/ "s 7 9 colors1 z 8^? t are above ! heav5s40 ,on ^! 7 inscrib$ su* words & phrases z 8,fa!r & ,son10 8,love10 8,life10 8,k10 & 8,und]/&+40 ,!n !re 7 8! sev5 circles ( ar*ontic demons10 :o are probably to be connect$ ) ! sph]es ( ! sev5 planets4 ,^! sev5 rul+ demons 7 repres5t$ by animal heads or figures1 some:at resembl+ ! symbols ( ! f\r evangeli/s to be se5 9 ! mosaics at ,rav5na & else:]e 9 ,*ri/ian art4 ,! angel ,mi*ael 0 depict$ by a sort ( *ima]a1 ! words ( ,celsus be+1 8,! goat 0 %ap$ l a lion02 ,suriel1 by a bull2 ,raphael1 by a dragon2 ,gabriel1 by an eagle2 ,?autabao?1 by a be>2 ,eratao?1 by a dog2 & ,?aphabao? or ,onoel1 by an ass4 ,! diagram 0 divid$ by a ?ick black l9e call$ ,geh5na & b5ea? ! l[e/ circle 0 plac$ 8! be+ nam$ ,behemo?40 ,!re 0 also 8a squ>e patt]n0 ) inscriptions conc]n+ ! gates ( p>adise1 a flam+ circle ) a flam+ sword z its diamet] gu>d+ ! tree ( k & ( life1 8a b>ri] inscrib$ 9 ! %ape ( a hat*et10 & a rhomboid ) ! words1 8,! =esight ( wisdom40 ,celsus fur!r m5tion$ a seal ) :i* ! ,fa!r impresses ! ,son1 :o says1 8,i h be5 ano9t$ ) :ite o9tm5t f ! tree ( life10 & sev5 angels :o cont5d ) ! sev5 rul+ demons = ! s\l ( ! dy+ body4 ,sid5ote3 ,employm5t ( names & =mulae4 ,orig5 fur!r in=ms u ( ! =ms ( salutation to ea* rul+ _s employ$ by 8^? sorc]]s10 z !y pass ?r\gh 8! f5ce ( wick$ness0 or ! gate to ! realm ( ea* _s4 ,! names ( ! spirits are n[ giv5 z ,ialdabao?1 :o is ! lion-l ar*on & ) :om ! planet ,saturn is 9 sympa?y1 ,iao or ,jah1 ,sabao?1 ,adonaeus1 ,a/aphaeus1 ,aloaeus or ,eloaeus1 & ,horaeus4 ,! foll[+ is an example ( ! salutations or invocations address$ to ^! spirits3 8,?\1 ,o second ,iao1 :o %9e/ by night1 :o art ! rul] ( ! secret my/]ies ( ,son & ,fa!r1 fir/ pr9ce ( dea?1 & portion ( ! innoc5t1 be>+ n[ ?9e own be>d z symbol1 ,i am ready to pass ?r\gh ?y realm1 hav+ /r5g!n$ him :o is born ( !e by ! liv+ ^w4 ,grace be ) me2 ,fa!r1 let x be ) me60 ,orig5 also /ates t ! mak]s ( ?is diagram h borr[$ f magic ! names ,ialdabao?1 ,a/aphaeus1 & ,horaeus1 :ile ! o!r f\r are names ( ,god drawn f ! ,hebrew ,scriptures4 ,sid5ote3 ,sev5 metals & planets4 ,x is wor? not+ t imm$iately be=e ?is acc\nt ( ! diagram ,celsus _h describ$ simil> ,p]sian my/]ies ( ,mi?ras1 9 :i* sev5 heav5s ?r\gh :i* ! s\l has to pass 7 arrang$ 9 an asc5d+ scale l a ladd]4#afbb ,ea* successive heav5 0 ent]$ by a gate ( a metal correspond+ to ! planet 9 "q1 lead = ,saturn1 t9 = ,v5us1 copp] = ,jupit]1 iron = ,m]cury1 a mix$ metal = ,m>s1 silv] = ! moon1 & gold = ! sun4 ,?is association ( metals & planets became a common feature ( m$ieval al*emy4 ,at ! same "t ! passage is said to be our *ief lit]>y s\rce = ! my/]ies ( ,mi?ras4#afbc ,sid5ote3 ,magic ( ,simon's foll[]s4 ,! ,simonians1 accord+ to ,ir5aeus1 7 z addict$ to magic z _! f\nd] _h be51 employ+ exorcisms & incantations1 love-philt]s & en*antm5ts1 famili> spirits & 8dream-s5d]s40 8,& :atev] o!r curi\s arts may be resort$ to are eag]ly employ$ by !m40 ,m5&]1 ! imm$iate successor ( ,simon 9 ,sam>ia1 0 8a p]fect adept 9 ! practice ( magic0 & taught t by means ( x "o c\ld ov]come ! angels :o _h creat$ ?is _w4#afbd ,9 a treatise on rebaptism1 falsely ascrib$ to ,cyprian b v likely contempor>y ) him1 x is /at$ t ! ,simonians reg>d _! baptism z sup]ior to t ( or?odox ,*ri/ians1 because :5 !y desc5d into ! wat] fire appe>s ^u its surface4 ,! writ] ?9ks t ?is is done by "s trick1 or t !re is "s natural explanation ( x1 or t !y m]ely imag9e t !y see a flame on ! wat]1 or t x is ! "w ( "s evil "o & ( magic p[]4#afbe ,epiphanius /ates t ,simon employ$ su* obsc5e sub/ances z sem5 & m5/ruum 9 8 magic1#afbf b ?is seems to be a sl&]1 at lea/ aga9/ ,gno/icism1 s9ce 9 a passage ( ! ,gno/ic ,book ( ! ,savi\r1 adjo9$ to ! ,pi/is-,sophia1 ,?omas asks ,jesus :at %all be ! puni%m5t ( m5 :o eat 8sem5 m>is et m5/ruum fem9ae0 mix$ ) l5tils1 say+ z !y d s1 8,we believe 9 ,esau & ,jacob10 & is told t ?is is ! wor/ ( s9s & t ! s\ls ( ^? committ+ x w be absolutely blott$ out4#afbg ,sid5ote3 ,magic ( ,m>cus 9 ! ,eu*>i/4 ,next to ,simon ,magus1 ,m>cus 0 ! ,gno/ic & h]etic mo/ notori\s z a practition] ( ! magic arts1 z ,ir5aeus /ates at ! close ( ! second c5tury1 & ,hippolytus & ,epiphanius repeat 9 ! ?ird & f\r? c5turies respectively4#afbh ,9 p]=m+ ! ,eu*>i/ he w\ld *ange :ite w9e plac$ 9 ?ree w9e cups into ?ree diff]5t colors1 "o blood-r$1 "o purple1 & "o d>k blue1 accord+ to ,epiphanius1 :ile ,ir5aeus & ,hippolytus m vaguely /ate1 al?\gh !y liv$ clos] to ,m>cus's "t1 t he gave ! w9e a purple or r$di% hue z if x _h be5 *ang$ into blood1 an alt]ation :i* ,m>cus himself reg>d$ z a manife/ation ( div9e grace4 ,epiphanius attributes ! *ange to an incantation mutt]$ by ,m>cus :ile pret5d+ to p]=m ! ,eu*>i/4 ,hippolytus1 :o ascribes ,m>cus's feats p>tly to sleight-(-h& & p>tly to demons1 9 ?is case *>ges t he furtively dropp$ "s drug into ! w9e4 ,m>cus 0 also accu/om$ to fill a l>ge cup f a small] "o s t x w\ld ov]fl[1 a m>vel :i* ,hippolytus aga9 tries to acc\nt = by /at+ t 8v _m drugs1 :5 m+l$ 9 ?is way ) liquid sub/ances0 tempor>ily increase _! volume1 8especially :5 dilut$ 9 w9e40 ,sid5ote3 ,o!r magic & occult lore ( ,m>cus4 ,ir5aeus1 :o is quot$ v]batim by ,epiphanius1 fur!r /ates t ,m>cus _h a famili> demon by ^: aid he 0 able to prophesy1 & t he pret5d$ to conf] ?is gift ^u o!rs4 ,he also accuses ,m>cus ( s$uc+ wom5 by means ( philt]s & love potions :i* he comp\nd$4 ,hippolytus does n make ^! *>ges1 b unites ) ! o!rs 9 describ+ at l5g? ,m>cus's !ory ( my/ic names & 8 symbolical & my/ical int]pretation ( ! lett]s ( ! alphabet & ( numb]s4 ,m>cus made v>i\s calculations bas$ ^u ! numb] ( lett]s 9 a "n1 ! numb] ( lett]s 9 ! "n ( ea* lett]1 & s on4 ,:5 ,*ri/1 ^: ineffable "n has ?irty lett]s1 said1 8,i am ,alpha & ,omega10 ,he 0 believ$ by ,m>cus to h display$ ! dove1 ^: numb] is #hja4 ,^! rev]ies 8are m]e bits10 z ,hippolytus says1 ( a/rological !ory & ,py?agorean philosophy4 ,we %all f9d !m p]petuat$ 9 ! middle ages 9 ! me?od ( div9ation kn[n z ! ,sph]e ( ,py?agoras4 ,sid5ote3 ,"n & numb] magic4 ,su* symbolism & my/icism conc]n+ numb]s & lett]s seldom inde$ rema9 a matt] ( m]e !ory b readily l5d !mselves to op]ative magic4 ,?us ,hippolytus c speak 9 ! same brea? ( 8magical arts & ,py?agorean numb]s0 or tell t ,py?agoras himself 8also t\*$ on magic1 z !y say1 & himself discov]$ an art ( physiognomy1 lay+ d[n z a basis c]ta9 numb]s & measures40 ,or note a ?ird passage :]e ,hippolytus is discuss+ ,egyptian !ology bas$ on ! !ory ( numb]s4#afbi ,aft] treat+ ( ! monad1 duad1 & enneads1 ( ! f\r elem5ts 9 pairs1 ( ! #cfj p>ts ( ! circle1 ( 8asc5d+ & b5efic5t & mascul9e names0 :i* end 9 odd numb]s1 & ( fem99e & malici\s & desc5d+ names :i* t]m9ate 9 ev5 numb]s1 ,hippolytus cont9ues1 8,moreov]1 !y ass]t t !y h calculat$ ! ^w1 #8,deity4' ,n[ ?is "n is an ev5 numb]1 & !y write x d[n & atta* x to ! body & accompli% cures by x4 ,9 ! same way an h]b :i* t]m9ates 9 ?is numb] is b\nd ar\nd ! body & op]ates by reason ( a simil> calculation ( ! numb]4 ,nay1 ev5 a doctor cures ! sick by su* calculations48 ,simil>ly ,c5sor9us /ates t ! numb] sev5 is ascrib$ to ,apollo & us$ 9 ! cure ( bodily ills1 :ile n9e is associat$ ) ! ,muses & heals m5tal diseases4#afcj ,b to return to ,gno/icism4 ,sid5ote3 ,! magic v[els4 ,! sev5 v[els 7 mu* employ$ by ! ,gno/ics1 und\bt$ly z symbols = ! sev5 planets & ! spirits associat$ ) !m1 b z symbols possess$ ( magic p[] z well z ( my/ic significance4 8,! ,savi\r & ,8 disciples are suppos$ 9 ! mid/ ( _! s5t5ces to h brok5 out 9 an int]m9able gibb]i% ( only v[els2 magic spells h come d[n to u consi/+ ( v[els by ! f\rscore2 on amulets ! sev5 v[els1 repeat$ accord+ to all sorts ( artifices1 =m a v common inscription40#afca ,z ! sev5 planets made ! music ( ! sph]es1 s ! sev5 v[els seem to h repres5t$ ! musical scale1 8& _m a ,gno/ic %eet ( v[els is 9 fact a %eet ( music40#afcb ,sid5ote3 ,magic ( ,c>pocrates4 ,o!r h]etics ) ,gno/ic views :o 7 accus$ ( magic by ! fa!rs 7 ! foll[]s ( ,c>pocrates1 :o employ$ incantations & spells1 philt]s & potions1 :o attract$ spirits to !mselves & made light ( ! cosmic angels1 & :o pret5d$ to h great p[] ov] all ?+s s t !y 7 able by _! magic to satisfy e desire4#afcc ,sid5ote3 ,! ,abraxas & ! numb] #cfe4 ,saturn9us & ,basilides 7 *>g$ ) 8practic+ magic1 & employ+ images1 incantations1 invocations1 & e o!r k9d ( curi\s art40 ,!y also believ$ 9 a supreme p[] nam$ ,abrasax or ,abraxas1 ^: numb] 0 #cfe2 & !y cont5d$ t !re 7 #cfe heav5s & z _m bones 9 ! human body2 8& !y /rive to set =? ! names1 pr9ciples1 angels1 & p[]s ( ! #cfe imag9$ heav5s40#afcd ,sid5ote3 ,a/rology ( ,basilides4 ,hippolytus gives fur!r indication ( ! a/rological lean+s ( ,basilides1 :o held t ea* ?+ _h its own p>ticul> "t1 & support$ 8 view by cit+ ! ,magi gaz+ wi/fully at ! /> ( ,be?lehem & ! rem>k ( ,*ri/ ,himself1 8,m9e h\r is n yet come40#afce ,i suppose t by ?is ,hippolytus means to sugge/ t ,basilides held ! a/rological doctr9e ( elections2 ,basilides fur!r affirm$1 accord+ to ,hippolytus1 t ,jesus 0 8m5tally preconceiv$ at ! "t ( ! g5]ation ( ! />s2 & ( ! complete return to _! />t+ po9t ( all ! seasons 9 ! va/ conglom]ation10 t is1 at ! end ( ! a/ronomical magnus annus1 v>i\sly reckon$ z ( #cf1jjj or #ae1jjj ye>s 9 duration4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,book ( ,helxai4 ,9 8 ,refutation ( all ,h]esies#afcf ,hippolytus tells ( an ,alcibiades f ,apamea 9 ,syria :o 9 8 "t br\ght to ,rome a book suppos$ to conta9 revelations made to a holy man1 ,el*asai or ,helxai1 by an angel n9ety-six miles 9 height & f sixte5 to tw5ty-f\r miles 9 bread? & leav+ a footpr9t f\rte5 miles long4 ,?is angel 0 ! ,son ( ,god1 & 0 accompani$ by a female ( correspond+ size :o 0 ! ,holy ,_s4 ,?is app>ition & revelation 0 accompani$ by a prea*+ ( a new remission ( s9s 9 ! ?ird ye> ( ,trajan's reign1 at :i* "t we are l$ to suppose t ! ,book ( ,helxai came into exi/5ce4 ,x impos$ secrecy ^u ^? initiat$ into its my/]ies4 ,! sect1 accord+ to ,hippolytus1 7 mu* giv5 to magic1 a/rology1 & ! numb] my/icism ( ,py?agoras4 ,! ,el*asaites employ$ incantations & =mulae to cure p]sons bitt5 by mad dogs or afflict$ ) disease4 ,9 su* cases & also 9 ! case ( rebaptism = ! remission ( s9s x 0 cu/om>y ) !m to invoke or adjure 8sev5 witnesses10 n h[ev] 9 ?is case ! planets1 b 8! heav51 & ! wat]1 & ! holy spirits1 & ! angels ( pray]1 & ! oil 7or1 ! olive71 & ! salt1 & ! e>?40 ,hippolytus decl>es t _! =mulae ( ?is sort 7 8v num]\s & v ridicul\s40 ,!y dipp$ consumptives & p]sons possess$ by demons 9 cold wat] =ty times 9 sev5 days4 ,!y believ$ 9 ! a/rological doctr9e ( elections1 s9ce _! sacr$ book w>n$ !m n to baptize or beg9 o!r important und]tak+s ^u ^? days :i* 7 gov]n$ by ! evil />s4 ,!y also seem to h pr$ict$ political ev5ts f ! />s1 =etell+ t ?ree ye>s aft] ,trajan's subjugation ( ! ,p>?ians 8w> rages betwe5 ! impi\s angels ( ! nor!rn 7con/ellations71 & on ?is acc\nt all k+doms ( impiety are 9 confusion40 ,sid5ote3 ,epiphanius on ! ,el*asaites4 ,9 ! next c5tury ,epiphanius adds "o or two fur!r details to ,hippolytus' acc\nt ( ! ,el*asaites4 ,besides ! li/ ( sev5 witnesses already giv5 he m5tions ano!r slightly diff]5t "o3 salt1 wat]1 e>?1 :eat1 heav51 e!r1 & w9d4 ,he also tells ( two si/]s 9 ! "t ( ,con/ant9e :o 7 suppos$ to be desc5dants ( ,helxai4 ,"o ( !m 0 /ill alive ! la/ ,epiphanius knew1 & cr[ds foll[$ 8?is wit*0 to collect ! du/ ( h] footpr9ts or h] spittle to use 9 cur+ diseases4#afcg ,sid5ote3 ,! ,book ( ! ,laws ( ,c\ntries4 ,we possess an important docum5t = ! attitude ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity & ,gno/icism t[>ds a/rology 9 ,! ,dialogue conc]n+ ,fate or ,! ,book ( ! ,laws ( ,c\ntries ( ,b>desanes or ,b>daisan4#afch ,! complete ,syriac text is extant2#afci !re is a long & some:at modifi$ extract adopt$ f x 9 ! ,lat9 ,recognitions ( ,clem5t1#afdj & brief] fragm5ts 9 ! ,greek fa!rs4 ,/rictly speak+1 ! text seems to be writt5 by "s foll[] ( ,b>desanes nam$ ,philip :o repres5ts 8 ma/] z discuss+ ! problem ( human free w ) ,avida1 himself1 & o!r disciples4 ,! bulk ( ! treatise is 9 any case put 9 ,b>desanes' m\? & x probably reflects 8 views ) fair accuracy4 ,eusebius ascrib$ x to ,b>desanes himself4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]sonality ( ,b>desanes ,b>desanes 7#aed-bbb ,a4 ,d47 0 born 9 ,edessa4 ,he sp5t mo/ ( 8 life 9 ,mesopotamia b = a "t w5t to ,arm5ia z a mission>y4 ,8 _m works 9 ,syriac includ$ apologies = ,*ri/ianity1 attacks ^u h]esies1 & num]\s hymns1 b ! only "w extant is ! treatise we are ab\t to exam9e1 ) ! possible exception ( ,! ,hymn ( ! ,s\l#afda ascrib$ to him & conta9$ 9 ! ,syriac ,acts ( ,/4 ,?omas4 ,8 doctr9es 7 reg>d$ by ,ephraem ,syrus & o!rs z ta9t$ ) ,gno/ic h]esy4 ,he is (t5 repres5t$ z a foll[] ( ,val5t9us1 b ! anci5t au?orities1 su* z ,epiphanius & ,eusebius1 disagree z to :e!r he deg5]at$ f or?odoxy to ,val5t9ianism or re=m$ 9 ! opposite direction4 ,9 ! dialogue :i* we consid] he is repres5t$ z a ,*ri/ian1 b 8 rem>ks h (t5 be5 ?\ght to h a ,gno/ic flavor4 ,f4 ,nau1 h[ev]1 has argu$ t he 0 n a ,gno/ic & t ! /atem5ts 9 "q 9 ! dialogue c be expla9$ z purely a/rological4#afdb ,sid5ote3 ,s9 possible = m51 angels1 & />s4 ,! treatise op5s ) ! qu]y1 :y did n ,god make m5 s t !y c\ld n s98 ,! reply ( c\rse is t moral fre$om = good or evil is a great] gift ( ,god ?an compulsory morality4 ,by virtue ( 8 individual fre$om ( action man is equal to ! angels1 "s ( :om1 too1 h s9n$ ) ! daught]s ( m5 & fall51 & is sup]ior ev5 to ! sun1 moon1 & signs ( ! zodiac :i* are fix$ 9 _! c\rses4 ,! />s1 h[ev]1 z 9 ,! ,book ( ,eno*1 8are n absolutely de/itute ( all fre$om0 & w be held responsible at ! day ( judgm5t4 ,pres5tly "s ( !m are call$ evil4 ,sid5ote3 ,does fate 9 ! a/rological s5se prevail8 ,aft] "s discussion :e!r man does wrong f 8 nature1 ! treatise turns to ! "q1 h[ f> are m5 controll$ by fate1 t is1 by ! p[] ( ! sev5 planets 9 accordance ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,*aldeans1 :i* is ! t]m "h usually employ$ = a/rolog]s4 ,"s m5 attack a/rology z 8a ly+ inv5tion0 & hold t ! human w is free & t su* evils z man _c avoid are due to *ance or to div9e puni%m5t b n to ! />s4 ,betwe5 ^! extremes ,b>desanes takes middle gr\nd4 ,he believes t !re is su* a =ce 9 ! />s1 :om he ref]s to z ,pot5tates & ,gov]nors1 z ! fate ( :i* ! a/rolog]s speak1 b t ?is fate evid5tly does n rule ev]y?+1 s9ce x is itself e/abli%$ by ! "o ,god :o impos$ ^u ! />s & elem5ts t motion 9 con=mity ) :i* 8intellig5ces und]go *ange :5 !y desc5d to ! s\l1 & s\ls und]go *ange :5 !y desc5d to bodies10 a /atem5t :i* appe>s to h a ,gno/ic flavor4 ,?is fate fur!rmore is limit$ by nature on ! "o h& & human free w on ! o!r h&4 ,! vital processes & p]iods :i* are common to all m51 su* z bir?1 g5]ation1 *ild-be>+1 eat+1 dr9k+1 old age1 & dea?1 ,b>desanes reg>ds z gov]n$ by nature4 8,! body10 he says1 8is nei!r h9d]$ nor help$ by fate 9 ! sev]al acts x p]=ms10 a view :i* mo/ a/rolog]s w\ld probably n accept4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ,b>desanes' op9ion weal? & honors1 p[] & subjection1 sickness & heal?1 are controll$ by fate :i* (t5 di/urbs ! regul> c\rse ( nature4 ,?is is because 9 g5esis or ! nativity ! />s1 "s ( :i* "w ) & "s aga9/ nature1 are 9 conflict4 ,9 %ort1 "s />s are good & "s are evil4 ,sid5ote3 ,national laws & cu/oms z a pro( ( free w4 ,if nature is ?us (t5 upset by ! />s1 fate 9 its turn may be resi/$ & ov]p[]$ by man's ex]cise ( w4 ,?is ass]tion ,b>desanes proce$s to prove by ! argum5t :i* has giv5 to ! dialogue ! title1 ,! ,book ( ! ,laws ( ! ,c\ntries1 & :i* we f9d mu* repeat$ 9 subsequ5t writ]s4 ,briefly x is t 9 v>i\s nations c]ta9 laws are en=c$ ^u1 or cu/oms obs]v$ by all ! p alike reg>dless ( _! div]se individual horoscopes4 ,9 illu/ration ( ?is are li/$ v>i\s prohibitions & practices fondly suppos$ by ,b>desanes & 8 audi5ce to *>act]ize ! ,s]es1 ,brahmans1 ,p]sians1 ,geli1 ,bactrians1 ,arabs1 ,britons1 ,p>?ians1 ,amazons1 & o!r peoples4 ,savage tribes are m5tion$ among :om !re are no arti/s1 bank]s1 p]fum]s1 musicians1 & poets to fit ! nativities decre$ by ! con/ellations = c]ta9 times4 ,b>desanes is aw>e ( ! a/rological !ory ( sev5 zones or climes1 by :i* ! sci5ce ( individual horoscopes is correct$ & modifi$1 b he cont5ds t !re are _m diff]5t laws 9 ea* ( ^! zones1 & w\ld be1 ev5 if ! numb] 7 rais$ to twelve accord+ to ! numb] ( ! signs or to ?irty-six aft] ! decans4 ,he also cont5ds t m5 reta9 _! laws or cu/oms :5 !y migrate to o!r climes1 & adduces ! fidelity ( ,jews & ,*ri/ians to ! comm&m5ts ( _! respective religions z a fur!r illu/ration ( ! triumph ( free w ov] ! />s4 ,he conc$es1 h[ev]1 z be=e t 89 e c\ntry & 9 e nation !re are ri* & poor1 & rul]s & subjects1 & p 9 heal? & ^? :o are sick1 ea* "o accord+ z fate & 8 nativity h affect$ him40 ,incid5tally to ! =ego+ discussion x is affirm$ t ! a/rology ( ,egypt & t ( ! ,*aldeans 9 ,babylon are id5tical4 ,at ! close ( ! treatise is app5d$ a note /at+ t ,b>desanes e/imat$ ! duration ( ! _w at six ?\s& ye>s on ! basis ( sixty z ! lea/ numb] ( ye>s 9 :i* ! sev5 planets complete an ev5 numb] ( revolutions4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pi/is-,sophia3 attitude to a/rology4 ,if ! "w ascrib$ to ,b>desanes is n c]ta9ly ,gno/ic1 ! ,pi/is-,sophia is1 & we turn next to x & fir/ ( all to its attitude t[>ds a/rology4 ,?is treatise is extant 9 a ,coptic codex ( ! fif? or six? c5tury2#afdc ! ,greek orig9al text 0 probably writt5 9 ! second half ( ! ?ird c5tury4 ,x gives ! revelations made by ,jesus to 8 disciples aft] ,he _h asc5d$ to heav5 & return$ aga9 to !m4 ,:5 ,he asc5d$ ?r\gh ! heav5s1 ,he *ang$ ! fatal influ5ce ( ! lords ( ! sph]es & made ! planets turn to ! "r = six mon?s ( ! ye>1 :]eas be=e !y _h fac$ ! left cont9ually4#afdd ,9 a long passage ne> ! close ( ! ,pi/is-,sophia prop]#afde ,jesus ass]ts ! absolute control ( human de/9y hi!rto by 8! rul]s ( ! fate0 & describes h[ !y fa%ion ! new s\l1 control ! process ( g5]ation & ( ! =mation ( ! *ild 9 ! womb1 & decree e ev5t ( life d[n to ! day & mann] ( dea?4 ,only by ! ,gno/ic key to ! my/]ies c "o escape _! control4#afdf ,9 ! foll[+ ,book ( ! ,savi\r1 moreov]1 ev5 ! f9d+ ( ?is key is subject$ to a/ral control1 s9ce a con/ellation is describ$ "u :i* all s\ls desc5d+ to ?is _w w be j & good & w discov] ! my/]ies ( light4#afdg ,sid5ote3 8,magic0 condemn$4 ,! ,pi/is-,sophia assumes ! usual attitude ( condemnation ( magic s-call$4 ,among ! evils :i* ,jesus w>ns 8 foll[]s to r5\nce are sup]/ition & invocations & drugs or magic potions4#afdh ,"o object ( 8 r$uc+ by "o-?ird ! p[] ( ! lords ( ! sph]es :5 ,he asc5d$ ?r\gh ! heav5s 0 t m5 might n h5ce=? invoke !m by magic rites = evil purposes4 ,m>vels may /ill1 h[ev]1 be accompli%$ by 8^? :o "k ! my/]ies ( ! magic ( ! ?irte5? aeon0 or p[] above ! sph]es4#afdi ,sid5ote3 ,p[] ( names & rites4 ,b :ile magic is r5\nc$1 great fai? is %[n 9 ! p[] ( names & rites4 ,?us aft] a description ( ! dragon ( out] d>kness & ! twelve ma9 dungeons into :i* x divides & ! animal faces & names ( ! twelve rul]s !re(1 :o evid5tly repres5t 9 an inaccurate fa%ion ! signs ( ! zodiac1 x is add$ t ev5 unrep5tant s9n]s1 if !y "k ! my/]y ( any "o ( ^! twelve names1 c escape f ^! dungeons4#afej ,9 ! ,book ( ! ,savi\r ,jesus n only utt]s sev]al long li/s ( /range & presumably magic words by way ( invocation to ! ,p[] or p[]s above1 b ^! are accompani$ by c>eful obs]vance ( c]emonial4 ,on bo? occasions ,jesus & ! disciples are clad 9 l954#afea ,9 ! fir/ case ! disciples are c>efully gr\p$ ) ref]5ce to ! po9ts ( ! compass1 t[>ds :i* ,jesus turns successively z ,he utt]s ! magic words /&+ at a sacrificial alt>4 ,! result ( ?is c]emony & invocation 0 t ! heav5s 7 displac$ & ! e>? left beh9d & t ,jesus & ! disciples f\nd !mselves 9 ! region ( mid-air4 ,be=e utt]+ ! o!r invocation ,jesus comm&$ t fire & v9e bran*es be br\ght1 plac$ an (f]+ on ! flame1 & c>efully arrang$ two vessels ( w9e1 two cups ( wat]1 & z _m pieces ( bread z !re 7 disciples4 ,9 ?is case ! object 0 to remit ! s9s ( ! disciples4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,je 9 ! ,bruce ,papyrus !re is a p]fect riot ( su* magic names & invocations1 seals & diagrams1 & accompany+ c]emonial4#afeb ,sid5ote3 ,int]e/ 9 natural sci5ce4 ,! int]e/ ( ! ,gno/ics 9 natural sci5ce is se5 9 ! li/ ( ?+s t w be kn[n by "o :o has p5etrat$ all ! my/]ies & fully ent]$ ^u ! inh]itance ( ! k+dom ( light4 ,n only w he und]/& :y !re is light & d>kness1 & :y s9 & vice exi/ & life & dea?1 b also :y !re are reptiles & wild bea/s & :y !y %all be de/roy$1 :y !re are birds & bea/s ( burd51 :y !re are gems & preci\s metals1 :y !re are brass1 iron & /eel1 lead1 glass1 wax1 h]bs1 wat]s1 8& :y ! wild d5iz5s ( ! sea40 ,:y !re are f\r po9ts ( ! compass1 :y demons & m51 :y heat & cold1 />s1 w9ds1 & cl\ds1 fro/1 sn[1 planets1 aeons1 decans1 & s on & s =?4#afec ,sid5ote3 8,gno/ic gems0 & a/rology4 ,k+ has %[n t _m ( ! s-call$ 8,gno/ic gems0 are purely a/rological talismans & t 8only a v small m9ority amid/ _! multitude pres5t any traces ( ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ian doctr9es40#afed ,_m are = m$ic9al or magical purposes r ?an ( a religi\s "*4 ,"s nev]!less are engrav$ ) ! truly ,gno/ic figure ( ,pan!us ,abraxas :i* ,k+ reg>ds z 8! actual inv5tion ( ,basilides40 ,ano!r common symbol1 borr[$ f ,egypt1 is ! ,aga?odaemon1 :i* by ! ?ird c5tury _h become ! popul> designation ( ! hood$ snake ( ,egypt1 or ,*nuphis or ,*neph1 a great s]p5t ) a lion's head encircl$ by a cr[n ( sev5 or twelve rays1 repres5t+ ! planets or signs4 ,(t5 ! sev5 ,greek v[els are plac$ at ! tips ( ! sev5 rays4 ,on ! obv]se ( ! gem ! lett] 8s0 is engrav$ ?rice & trav]s$ by a /raight rod1 a design probably meant to depict a snake twi/+ ab\t a w&4 ,we are rem9d$1 n only ) ,k+ ( ! club ( ,aesculapius1 b ( ,a>on's rod1 ! magicians ( ,ph>aoh1 & ! s]p5t lift$ up 9 ! wild]ness2 also ( ,lucian's tale ( ! pret5d$ discov]y ( ! god ,asclepius by ! pseudo-prophet1 ,alex&]4 ,at lea/ "o 8,gno/ic amulet0 has on ! back ! leg5d 8,iao ,sabao0 7?74#afee ,sid5ote3 ,! planets 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian art4 ,! influ5ce ( a/rology may be se5 9 o!r & m c]ta9ly g5u9e works ( e>ly ,*ri/ian art ?an _m ( ! s-call$ ,gno/ic gems4 ,on a lamp 9 ! catacombs ,*ri/ is depict$ z ! good %eph]d ) a lamb on ,8 %\ld]4 ,above ,8 head are ! sev5 planets1 al?\gh ! sun & moon are %[n aga9 at ei!r side1 & ab\t ,8 feet press sev5 lambs1 p]haps an indication t ,he is free+ ! peoples ( ! sev5 climes f ! fatal influ5ce ( ! />s4 ,9 ! ,poem&] attribut$ to ,h]mes x is /at$ t !re are sev5 peoples f ! sev5 planets4 ,on a gem ( p]haps ! ?ird c5tury a simil> sc5e is engrav$ except t ! sun & moon are n %[n ap>t f ! sev5 planets1 & t ! lamb on ,*ri/'s %\ld]s is c\nt$ z "o ( ! sev51 s t !re are b six at ,8 feet4#afef ,sid5ote3 ,gno/ic amulets 9 ,spa94 8,gno/ic amulets & o!r works ( art0 are occasionally f\nd 9 ,spa91 especially ! ,a/urian nor?we/ :i* rema9$ ,*ri/ian at ! "t ( ! ,mohamm$an conque/ ( ! re/ ( ! p59sula4 ,"o r+ is inscrib$ ) ! s5t5ce1 8,zeus1 ,s]apis1 & ,iao are "o40 ,on ano!r octagonal r+ are ,greek lett]s signify+ ! ,gno/ic ,an?ropos or fa!r ( wisdom4 ,a /one is c>v$ ) a c&elabrum & ! sev5 planets1 8! sacr$ hebdomad ( ! ,*aldeans40#afeg ,sid5ote3 ,syriac ,*ri/ian *>ms4 ,gollancz 9 8 ,selection ( ,*>ms f ,syriac ,manuscripts pres5ts a numb] ( spells & incantations :i*1 :e!r any ( !m are ,gno/ic or n1 c]ta9ly seem to be ,*ri/ian1 s9ce !y m5tion ! div9e p]sons ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,m>y1 & v>i\s ,biblical *>act]s4#afeh ,sid5ote3 ,priscillian execut$ = magic4 ,at ! close ( ! f\r? c5tury ! views ( ! ,gno/ics 7 reviv$ 9 ,gaul & ,spa9 by ,priscillian1 :o seems to h be5 mu* influ5c$ by a/rology & :o 0 put to dea? at ,treves 9 #che ,a4 ,d4 on a *>ge ( magic4 ,he confess$ "u torture1 b 0 aft]w>ds ?\ght innoc5t4 ,we are n told1 h[ev]1 :at ! magical practices 7 ( :i* he 0 accus$4#afei ,bo? ,sulpicius ,sev]us & ,isidore ( ,seville#affj /ate t he 0 accus$ ( maleficium1 :i* %\ld mean wit*craft1 sorc]y1 or magical op]ations ) ! int5t to injure someone4 ,b fur!r details are want+1 except t ,sulpicius calls ,priscillian a man 8m puff$ up ?an 0 "r ) ! k ( pr(ane ?+s1 & :o 0 fur!r believ$ to h practic$ magic arts s9ce adolesc5ce10 :ile ,isidore /ates t ,bi%op ,itacius 7,i?aicus71 :o 0 l>gely responsible = pu%+ ! *>ges aga9/ ,priscillian1 %[$ 9 a book :i* he wrote aga9/ ,priscillian's h]esy t 8a c]ta9 ,m>cus ( ,memphis1 mo/ le>n$ 9 magic art1 0 a disciple ( ,mani & ma/] ( ,priscillian40 ,priscillian himself /ates 9 8 extant works t ,itacius _h accus$ him ( magic 9 #chj4 ,z ! f9al trial proce$$1 ,itacius gave way z accus] to a public prosecutor 7fisci patronus7 :o cont9u$ ! case on behalf ( ! emp]or ,maximus :o seems to h _h 8 eye ^u ,priscillian's l>ge =tune4 ,/4 ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs 9 va9 obta9$ f ,maximus a promise t ,priscillian %\ld n be put to dea?4#affa ,b 8 execution br\ght 8 p]secutor ,itacius into su* bad odor t he 0 excommunicat$ & condemn$ to exile = ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,sid5ote3 ,mani*ean ,manuscripts ,we h j he>d t ,priscillian 0 taught by a disciple ( ,mani1 :ile ,ephraem ,syrus /ates t ,b>desanes 0 ! tea*] ( ,mani4 ,augu/9e 9 8 y\?1 :5 a foll[] ( ! ,mani*eans1 _h be5 devot$ to a/rology4 ,?is connection betwe5 ,gno/icism & a/rology & ,mani*eism has be5 fur!r atte/$ by ! fragm5ts ( ,mani*ean manuscripts rec5tly discov]$ 9 c5tral ,asia4#affb ,9 !m ! sun-god & moon-god & five o!r planets play a prom95t "p4 ,besides ! five planets we h five elem5ts--e!r1 w9d1 light1 fire1 & wat]--five plants1 five trees1 & five be+s ) s\ls--man1 quadrup$s1 reptiles1 aquatic1 & fly+ animals4 ,! five gods or lum9\s bodies are repres5t$ z good =ces :o imprison$ five k9ds ( demons2 b ! devil _h 8 rev5ge by imprison+ lum9\s =ces 9 man1 :om he made a microcosm ( ! univ]se4 ,& :]eas ! good _s _h creat$ sun & moon1 ! devil =m$ male & female4 ,! great sage ( b5efic5t light !n appe>$ 9 ! _w & br\ght =? f 8 own five memb]s five lib]ators--pity1 cont5tm5t1 pati5ce1 wisdom1 & good fai?--correspond+ to ! five elem5ts j z among ! ,*ri/ians we %all f9d f\r virtues & f\r elem5ts4 ,!n ensu$ ! /ruggle ( ! old man ) ! new man4 ,al?\gh we are commonly told t idolatry & magic 7 /rictly prohibit$ by ! ,mani*eans1 ! envoy ( light is 9 "o text repres5t$ z 8employ+ great magic pray]s0 9 8 ef=t to deliv] liv+ be+s4 ,:5 m5 eat liv+ be+s1 !y (f5d aga9/ ! five gods1 ! e>? dry & moi/1 ! five ord]s ( animate be+s1 ! five diff]5t h]bs & five trees4 ,o!r numb]s ?an five appe> 9 ^! ,mani*ean fragm5ts3 f\r seals ( light & f\r praises1 f\r c\rts ) iron b>ri]s2 ?ree ve/m5ts & ?ree :eels & ?ree calamities2 t5 v[s & t5 lay]s ( heav5s above1 & eight lay]s ( e>? b5ea?2 twelve great k+s & twelve evil natures2 ?irte5 great lum9\s =ces & ?irte5 p>ts ( ! c>nal body & ?irte5 vices1--else:]e f\rte5 p>ts2 fifte5 enum]ations ( s9s = :i* =giv5ess is s\ght2 fifty days 9 ! ye> to be obs]v$2 & s on4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,m&aeans4 ,a sect d]iv$ ei!r f ,gno/icism or f common s\rces seems /ill to exi/ 9 ! case ( ! ,m&aeans ( s\!rn ,babylonia4#affc ,!y believe t ! e>? & man 7 =m$ by a ,demiurge1 :o corresponds to ! ,ialdabao? ( ! ,ophites1 & :o 0 aid$ by ! spirits ( ! sev5 planets4 ,!y divide ! hi/ory ( ! _w into sev5 ages & repres5t ,jesus ,*ri/ z a false prophet & magician produc$ by ! planet ,m]cury4 ,! l[] _w consi/s ( f\r ve/ibules & ?ree hells prop] & has sev5 iron & sev5 gold5 walls4 ,a dy+ ,m&aean is clo!d 9 a holy dress ( sev5 pieces4 ,! spirits ( ! planets1 h[ev]1 are repres5t$ z evil be+s1 & ! fir/ two ( ?ree sets ( prog5y borne by ! _s ( hell fire 7 ! sev5 planets & ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac4 ,! influ5ce ( ^! two numb]s1 sev5 & twelve1 may be fur!r se5 9 ! regulation t a c&idate = ! prie/hood %\ld be at lea/ n9ete5 ye>s old & h _h twelve ye>s ( previ\s tra9+1 :i* we inf] w\ld normally beg9 :5 he rea*$ 8 sev5? ye> & n be=e4 ,o!r prom95t numb]s 9 ,m&aean lore are five1#affd p]haps indicative ( ! planets o!r ?an sun & moon1 & ?ree hundr$ & sixty1 sugge/ive ( ! numb] ( degrees 9 ! circle ( ! zodiac4 ,?us ! ma9 manife/ations ( ! primal light are five1 & ! ?ird g5]ation produc$ by ! _s ( hell fire 0 ( l numb]4 ,! numb] ( aeons is (t5 /at$ z ?ree hundr$ & sixty1 & ! deliv]+ deity or ,messiah ( ! ,m&aeans is said to h s5t =? t numb] ( disciples be=e 8 return to ! realm ( light4 ,we he> ( yet o!r numb]s1 su* z #dhj1jjj ye>s = ! duration ( ! _w1 #fj1jjj1 & #bdj1 b ^! too are comm5surate1 if n id5tical1 ) a/rological p]iods su* z ^? ( conjunctions & ! magnus annus4 ,a peculi>ity ( ,m&aean a/ronomy & a/rology is t ! o!r heav5ly bodies are all believ$ to rotate ab\t ! pol> />4 ,m&aeans always face x :5 pray+2 _! sanctu>ies are built s t p]sons ent]+ face x2 & ev5 ! dy+ man is plac$ s t 8 feet po9t & eyes gaze 9 its direction4 ,l ! ,gno/ics1 ! ,m&aeans invoke by _m /range names _! spirits & aeons :o are divid$ into num]\s ord]s4 ,_! names = ! planets seem to be ( ,babylonian orig94 ,passages f _! sacr$ books are recit$ l incantations & are consid]$ m effective 9 dang] & di/ress ?an pray] 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ! ^w4 ,su* recitations are also employ$ to aid ! s\ls ( ! dead to asc5d ?r\gh v>i\s /ages or prisons to ! _w ( light4 ,e>!nw>e vessels h rec5tly be5 br\ght to light ) ,m&aean inscriptions & incantations to av]t evil4#affe ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,apocrypha ,magic 9 ! ,bible--,apocryphal ,gospels ( ! ,infancy--,"q ( _! date--,_! m$ieval influ5ce--,resemblances to ,apuleius & ,apollonius 9 ! ,arabic ,gospel ( ! ,infancy--,c\nt]act+ magic & demons--,o!r miracles & magic by ! ,*ri/ *ild--,sometimes ) injuri\s results--,fur!r m>vels f ! ,pseudo-,mat!w--,le>n+ ( ! ,*ri/ *ild--,o!r *>ges ( magic aga9/ ,*ri/ & ! apo/les--,! ,magi & ! />--,allegorical zoology ( ,b>nabas--,traces ( ,gno/icism 9 ! apocryphal ,acts--,leg5d ( ,/4 ,john--,leg5d ( ,/4 ,s\snyos--,old ,te/am5t ,apocrypha ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic 9 ! ,bible4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to rehe>se "h 9 detail ! num]\s allusions to1 prohibitions (1 & descriptions ( ! practice ( magic1 wit*craft1 & a/rology1 en*antm5ts & exorcisms1 div9ation & int]pretation ( dreams1 :i* are to be f\nd scatt]$ ?r\gh ! pages ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,su* passages _h a pr(\nd influ5ce ^u ,*ri/ian ?\ght on su* !mes 9 ! e>ly *ur* & dur+ ! middle ages1 & we %all h occasion to m5tion _m1 if n mo/1 ( su* scriptural passages1 9 connection ) ?is lat] discussion ( !m by ! *ur* fa!rs & o!rs4 ,= in/ance1 ,ph>aoh's magicians & _! conte/s ) ,moses & ,a>on2 ,balaam & 8 imprecations & en*antm5ts & pr$iction t a /> w\ld come out ( ,jacob & a scept] out ( ,israel2 ! wit* ( ,endor or v5triloqui/ & h] invocation ( :at seem$ to be ! gho/ ( ,samuel2 ! repeat$ use ( ! numb]s sev5 & twelve1 sugge/ive ( ! planets & signs ( ! zodiac1 z 9 ! twelve cakes ( %[bread & c&le/ick ) sev5 bran*es2 ! dreams & int]pretation ( dreams ( ,joseph & ,daniel1 n to m5tion ! =m]'s silv] div9+ cup2#afff ! wise m5 :o saw ,*ri/'s /> 9 ! ea/2 ,*ri/'s own allusion to ! %ak+ ( 8! p[]s ( ! heav5s0 & ! ga!r+ ( ,8 elect f ! f\r w9ds at ,8 second com+2 ! accusation aga9/ ,*ri/ t ,he ca/ out demons by ! aid ( ! pr9ce ( demons2 ! eclipse ( ! sun at ! "t ( ! crucifixion2 ! adv5tures ( ! apo/les ) ,simon ,magus1 ) ,elymas ! sorc]]1 & ) ! damsel possess$ ) a _s ( div9ation :o br\ght h] ma/] mu* ga9 by soo?say+2 ! burn+ ( _! books ( magic by ! vagabond ,jewi% exorci/s2 ! prohibitions ( hea!n div9ation & wit*craft by ! ,mosaic law & by ! prophets2 ! p5alties prescrib$ = sorc]]s 9 ! ,book ( ,revelation2 at ! same "t ! legaliz$ practice ( simil> sup]/itions1 su* z ! ordeal to te/ a wife's fai?fulness by mak+ h] dr9k 8! bitt] wat] t cause? ! curse10#affg ! engrav$ gold plate ^u ! high prie/'s =ehead1#affh or ! use ( ,paul's h&k]*ief & und]we> to cure ! sick & dispel demons2 ! promise to believ]s 9 ! clos+ v]ses or app5dix ( ,! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,m>k t !y %all ca/ out devils1 speak ) new tongues1 h&le s]p5ts & dr9k poison )\t injury1 & cure ! sick by lay+ on ( h&s4 ,! =ego+ sc>cely exhau/ ! obvi\s allusions or analogies to a/rology & o!r magic arts 9 ! ,bible1 to say no?+ ( less explicit passages#affi :i* 7 lat] tak5 to ju/ify c]ta9 occult arts1 z ,exodus ,,xiii1 #i1 to support *iromancy1 & ! ,gospel ( ,john ,,xi1 #i1 to support ! a/rological doctr9e ( elections4 ,suffice x = ! pres5t to say t ! prevail+ atmosph]e ( ! ,bible is "o ( prophecy1 vision1 & miracle1 & t ) ^! g1 l ! obv]se face ( a co9 or m$al1 _! inevitable accompanim5ts ( div9ation1 demons1 & magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,apocryphal gospels ( ! infancy4 ,?is is also ! case 9 apocryphal lit]ature ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* is n[ s mu* less famili> & accessible especially to ,engli% read]s1#afgj b :i* _h wide curr5cy 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian & m$ieval p]iods4 ,we may beg9 ) ! apocryphal gospels & m p>ticul>ly ^? deal+ ) ! infancy & *ildhood ( ,*ri/4 ,( ^! two are believ$ to date f ! second c5tury1 namely1 ! ,gospel ( ,james or 8,gospel ( ! ,infancy0 7,protoevangelium ,iacobi7#afga & ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,?omas1 :i* is m5tion$ by ,hippolytus4 ,h[ev]1 he cites a s5t5ce :i* is n 9 ! pres5t text--( :i* ! manuscripts are scanty & = ! mo/ "p ( late date#afgb--;& ! gospel z we h x is n ,gno/ic1 z he says x is1 s t our v]sion has probably be5 alt]$ by "s ,ca?olic4#afgc ,lat] 9 date is ! ,lat9 gospel ( ! ,pseudo-,mat!w--p]haps ( ! f\r? or fif? c5tury--& ! ,arabic ,gospel ( ! ,infancy1 :i* is believ$ to be a translation f a lo/ ,syriac orig9al4 ,we are ! wor/ (f ( all = manuscripts ( its text & app>5tly !re is no ,lat9 manuscript ( x n[ extant1 al?\gh a ,lat9 text has rea*$ u ?r\gh ! pr9t$ editions4 ,tis*5dorf 01 h[ev]1 8unwill+ to omit 9 ?is new collection ( ! apocryphal gospels t anci5t & memorable monum5t ( ! sup]/ition ( ori5tal ,*ri/ians10 & = ! same reason we %all survey its m$ley ( miracle & magic 9 ! pres5t *apt]4 ,speak+ ( ! flight into ,egypt ?is gospel says1 8,& ! ,"l ,jesus p]=m$ a great _m miracles 9 ,egypt :i* are n f\nd record$ ei!r 9 ! ,gospel ( ! ,infancy or 9 ! ,p]fect ,gospel40#afgd ,tis*5dorf not$ ! close resemblance ( its fir/ n9e *apt]s to ! ,gospel ( ,james & ( *apt]s #cf-ee to ! ,gospel ( ,?omas1 :ile ! int]v5+ *apt]s 8conta9 especially fables ( ! sort y may fitt+ly call ori5tal1 fill$ ) allusions to ,satan & demons & sorc]ies & magic arts40#afge ,we f9d1 h[ev]1 ! same sort ( fables 9 ! o!r ?ree apocryphal gospels2 !re are simply m ( !m 9 ! ,arabic ,gospel ( ! ,infancy4 ,x appe>s to be a compilation & may embody o!r e>li] s\rces no long] extant z well z passages f ! pseudo-,james & pseudo-,?omas4 ,sid5ote3 ,"q ( _! date4 ,!re is a t5d5cy on ! "p ( or?odox ,*ri/ian s*ol>s to def] ! writ+ ( apocryphal works to z late a date z possible1 & !y seem to h a notion t !y c save ! cr$ibility or purity ( ! miracles ( ! ,new ,te/am5t#afgf by repres5t+ su* miracles z ^? record$ ( ! infancy ( ,*ri/ z ! inv5tions ( a lat] age4 ,& x is probably true t all ^! m>vels 7 n ! inv5tion ( a s+le c5tury b ( a succession ( c5turies4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i "k ( no reason = ?9k+ ,*ri/ians ( ! fir/ c5tury any less cr$ul\s ?an ,*ri/ians ( ! fif? c5tury2 x 0 n until ! latt] c5tury t ,pope ,gelasius' condemnation ( apocryphal books 0 drawn up1 b apocryphal books _h long be5 9 exi/5ce be=e t "t2 nor = ?9k+ ! ,*ri/ians ( ! ?irte5? c5tury any m cr$ul\s ?an ^? ( ! o!r two c5turies4 ,x is only 9 our own age t ,*ri/ians h become really critical ( su* matt]s4 ,moreov]1 ^! unacceptable miracles1 :5ev] !y 7 inv5t$1 7 presumably inv5t$ by & accept$ by ,*ri/ians1 :o mu/ be> ! discr$it = !m4 ,:atev] ! c5tury 01 ! same m5 believ$ 9 !m :o believ$ 9 ! miracles record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,if ! plant has fl[]$ into su* rank sup]/ition1 c ! orig9al se$ escape responsibility8 ,! ,arabic ,gospel ( ! ,infancy is no d\bt an extreme in/ance ( ,*ri/ian cr$5ce 9 magic1 b x is an in/ance t _c be ov]look$1 :atev] its date1 place1 or language4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! m$ieval influ5ce4 ,^! apocryphal gospels ( ! ,infancy1 :i* are 9 "p extant only 9 ,lat91 cont9u$ to be influ5tial 9 ! m$ieval p]iod4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( x we f9d includ$ 9 ,pope ,gelasius' li/ ( apocryphal works1 publi%$ at a synod at ,rome 9 #did1afgg besides apocryphal gospels ( ,mat!w & ( ,?omas--:i* la/ we are told1 8! ,mani*eans use0--a ,lib] de infantia ,salvatoris & a ,lib] de nativitate ,salvatoris et de ,m>ia et ob/etrice4 ,!re are num]\s manuscripts ( su* gospels 9 ! lat] m$ieval c5turies b x w\ld n be safe to attempt to id5tify or classify !m )\t exam9+ ea* 9 detail4 ,z ,tis*5dorf said1 ! ,lat9s d n seem to h long rema9$ cont5t ) m]e translations ( ! ,greek pseudo-gospel ( ,james b comb9$ ! /ories told !re ) o!rs f ! ,pseudo-,?omas or o!r s\rces into new apocryphal treatises4 ,?us ! extant ,lat9 apocrypha 9 no case reproduce ! ,gospel ( ,james accurately b r are imitat$ aft] x1 & include "s ( x1 omit "s ( x1 embelli% "s ( its tales1 & add to x4#afgh ,mle /ates 9 8 "w on religi\s art 9 ,france 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury t ,! ,gospel ( ! ,pseudo-,mat!w & ,! ,gospel ( ,nicodemus or ,acts ( ,pilate 7 ! two apocryphal gospels especially us$ 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4#afgi ,sid5ote3 ,resemblances to ,apuleius & ,apollonius 9 ! ,arabic ,gospel ( ! ,infancy4 ,t ! fables ( ! ,arabic ,gospel ( ! ,infancy 7 at lea/ n fre% f ! ori5t is indicat$ by ! way 9 :i* "s ( ! incid5ts 9 ! /ories ( ,apuleius & ,apollonius ( ,tyana are closely p>allel$4#afhj ,9 ! p>lor ( a well furni%$ h\se :]e liv$ two si/]s ) _! wid[$ "m /ood a mule cap>ison$ 9 silk & ) an ebony coll> ab\t 8 neck1 8:om !y kiss$ & 7 fe$+40#afha ,he 0 _! bro!r1 trans=m$ into a mule by ! sorc]y ( a jeal\s woman "o night a little be=e daybreak1 al?\gh all ! doors ( ! h\se 7 lock$ at ! "t4 8,& we10 !y tell a girl :o _h be5 in/antly cur$ ( leprosy by use ( p]fum$ wat] 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ *ild _h be5 wa%$ & :o _h !n become ! maid-s]vant ( ! virg9 ,m>y1#afhb 8h appli$ to all ! wise m51 magicians1 & div9]s 9 ! _w1 b !y h be5 ( no s]vice to u40#afhc ,! girl recomm5ds !m to consult ,m>y1 :o re/ores _! bro!r to human =m by plac+ ! ,*ri/ *ild ^u 8 back4 ,?is romantic episode is !n br\ght to a fitt+ conclusion by ! m>riage ( ! bro!r to ! girl :o _h assi/$ 9 8 re/oration to 8 "r body4 ,z ! demon1 :o 9 ! =m ( an artful begg> 0 caus+ ! plague at ,ephesus & :om ,apollonius _h /on$ to dea?1 turn$ at ! la/ mom5t into a mad dog1 s ,satan1 :5 =c$ by ! pres5ce ( ! ,*ri/ *ild to leave ! boy ,judas1 ran away l a mad dog4#afhd ,! reviv+ ( a corpse by an ,egyptian prophet 9 ! ,metamorphoses 9 ord] t ! dead man may tell :o murd]$ him is p>allel$ 9 bo? ! ,arabic ,infancy & ! gospels ( ,?omas & ! ,pseudo-,mat!w by ! conduct ( ,jesus :5 accus$ ( ?r[+ ano!r boy d[n f a h\se-top4 ,! text reads3 8,!n ! ,"l ,jesus go+ d[n /ood ov] ! dead boy & said ) a l\d voice1 #8,z5o1 ,z5o1 :o ?rew y d[n f ! h\se-top8' ,!n ! dead boy answ]$1 #8,"l1 ?\ did/ n ?r[ me d[n1 b s-&-s did4'0#afhe ,sid5ote3 ,c\nt]act+ magic & demons4 ,_m 7 ! occasions ^u :i* ! ,*ri/ *ild or 8 "m c\nt]act$ ! op]ations ( magic or reliev$ p]sons :o 7 possess$ by demons4 ,kiss+ him cur$ a bride :om sorc]]s _h made dumb at h] w$d+1#afhf & a bridegroom :o 0 kept by sorc]y f enjoy+ 8 wife 0 cur$ ( 8 impot5ce by ! m]e pres5ce ( ! holy family :o lodg$ 9 8 h\se = ! night4#afhg ,m>y's pity+ glance 0 suffici5t to expel ,satan f a woman possess$ by demons4#afhh ,ano!r upright woman :o 0 (t5 vex$ by ,satan 9 ! =m ( a s]p5t :5 %e w5t to ba! 9 ! riv]1#afhi :i* rem9ds "o some:at ( ,olympias & ,nectanebus1#afij 0 p]man5tly cur$ by kiss+ ! ,*ri/ *ild4 ,& a girl1 ^: blood ,satan us$ to suck1 miracul\sly discomfit$ him :5 he appe>$ 9 ! %ape ( a huge dragon by putt+ ^u h] head & ab\t h] eyes a swaddl+ clo? ( ,jesus :i* ,m>y _h giv5 to h]4 ,fire !n w5t =? & 0 scatt]$ ^u ! dragon's head & eyes1 z f ! bl9k+ eyes ( ! artful begg> :o caus$ ! plague 9 ! ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 & he fl$ 9 a panic4#afia ,a prie/'s ?ree-ye>-old son :o 0 possess$ by a great multitude ( devils1 :o utt]$ _m /range ?+s1 & :o ?rew /ones at ev]ybody1 0 likewise cur$ by plac+ on 8 head "o ( ,*ri/'s swaddl+ clo!s :i* ,m>y _h hung out to dry4 ,9 ?is case ! devils made _! escape ?r\gh 8 m\? 89 ! %ape ( cr[s & s]p5ts40#afib ,su* m>vels may (f5d mod]n ta/e b h _! probable prototype 9 ! miracles wr\ght by use ( ,paul's h&k]*ief & und]we> 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t & illu/rate1 l ! plac+ ( spittle on ! eyes ( ! bl9d man1 ! great heal+ virtue !n ascrib$ to ! p]spiration & o!r secretions & excretions ( ! human body4 ,sid5ote3 ,o!r miracles & magic by ! ,*ri/ *ild4 ,sick *ildr5 z well z lep]s 7 cur$ by ! wat] 9 :i* ,jesus _h ba!d or by we>+ coats made ( 8 swaddl+ clo!s1#afic :ile ! *ild ,b>?olomew 0 snat*$ f ! v jaws ( dea? by ! m]e smell ( ! ,*ri/ *ild's g>m5ts ! mom5t he 0 plac$ on ,jesus' b$4#afid ,on ! road to ,egypt is a balsam :i* 0 produc$ 8f ! sweat :i* ran d[n !re f ! ,"l ,jesus40#afie ,! ,*ri/ *ild cur$ snake-bite1 9 ! case ( 8 bro!r ,james by bl[+ on x1 9 ! case ( 8 playfell[1 ,simon ! ,canaanite1 by =c+ ! s]p5t :o _h /ung him to come out ( its hole & suck all ! poison f ! w\nd1 aft] :i* he curs$ ! snake 8s t x imm$iately bur/ asund] & di$40#afif ,:5 ! boy ,jesus took all ! clo?s wait+ to be dy$ ) diff]5t colors 9 a dy]'s %op & ?rew !m into ! furnace1 ! dy] began to scold him = ?is mis*ief1 b ! clo?s all came out ( ! desir$ colors4#afig ,jesus also miracul\sly rem$i$ ! defective c>p5try ( ,joseph1 :o _h work$ = two ye>s on a ?rone = ! k+ ( ,j]usalem & made x too %ort4 ,jesus & ,joseph took hold ( ! opposite sides & pull$ ! ?rone out to ! requir$ dim5sions4#afih ,sid5ote3 ,sometimes ) injuri\s results4 ,! usual result ( ! ,*ri/ *ild's miracles 0 t all ! by/&]s unit$ 9 prais+ ,god4 ,b :5 8 little playmates w5t home & told _! p>5ts h[ he _h made 8 clay animals walk & 8 clay birds fly1 eat1 & dr9k1 _! eld]s said1 8,take he$1 *ildr51 = ! future ( 8 company1 = he is a sorc]]2 %un & avoid him1 & f h5ce=? nev] play ) him40#afii ,inde$1 if ! !ory ( ! fa!rs is correct t ! sure/ hall-m>k by :i* div9e miracles may be di/+ui%$ f feats ( magic is t ! =m] are nev] wr\ght = any evil end :ile ! latt] are1 x mu/ be admitt$ t 8 contempor>ies 7 sometimes ju/ifi$ 9 suspect+ ! ,*ri/ *ild ( resort to magic4 ,aft] 8 playmates _h be5 ?us =bidd5 to associate ) ,jesus1 !y hid f him 9 a furnace1 & "s wom5 at a h\se ne> by told him t !re 7 n boys b kids 9 ! furnace4 ,jesus !n actually trans=m$ !m into kids :o came skipp+ =? at 8 comm&4#agjj ,x is true t he soon *ang$ !m back into human =m1 & t ! wom5 wor%ip$ ,*ri/ & ass]t$ _! conviction t he 0 8come to save & n to de/roy40 ,b on sev]al subsequ5t occasions ,jesus is repres5t$ 9 ! apocryphal gospels ( ! infancy z caus+ ! dea? ( 8 playmates4 ,:5 ano!r boy broke a little fi%-pool :i* ,jesus _h con/ruct$ on ! ,sabba? day1 he said to him1 8,9 l mann] z ?is wat] has vani%$1 s %all ?y life vani%10 & ! boy pres5tly di$4#agja ,:5 a ?ird boy ran into ,jesus & knock$ him d[n1 he said1 8,z ?\ ha/ ?r[n me d[n1 s %alt ?\ fall1 nor ev] rise20 & t in/ant ! boy fell d[n & di$4#agjb ,:5 ,jesus' tea*] />t$ to :ip him1 8 h& )]$ & he di$4 ,aft] :i* we are n surpris$ to he> ,joseph say to ,m>y1 8,h5ce=? we w n all[ him to g out ( ! h\se2 = ev]yone :o displeases him is kill$40#agjc ,sid5ote3 ,fur!r m>vels f ! ,pseudo-,mat!w4 ,z has be5 indicat$ 9 ! footnotes _m ( ! =ego+ m>vels are rec\nt$ 9 ! ,pseudo-,mat!w & ,lat9 ,gospel ( ,?omas z well z 9 ! ,arabic ,gospel ( ! ,infancy4 ,! ,pseudo-,mat!w also tells h[ lions ador$ ! ,*ri/ *ild & 7 bade by him to g 9 peace4#agjd ,& h[ he 8took a dead *ild by ! e> & susp5d$ him f ! e>? 9 ! sight ( all4 ,& !y saw ,jesus speak+ ) him l a fa!r ) 8 son4 ,& 8 _s return$ unto him & he liv$ aga94 ,& all m>vel$ !reat40#agje ,:5 a ri* man nam$ ,joseph di$ & 0 lam5t$1 ,jesus ask$ 8 fa!r ,joseph :y he did n help 8 dead namesake4 ,:5 ,joseph ask$ :at !re 0 t he c\ld d1 ,jesus repli$1 8,take ! h&k]*ief :i* is on y\r head & g & put x ov] ! face ( ! corpse & say to him1 #8,may ,*ri/ save y4'0 ,joseph foll[$ ^! in/ructions except t he said1 8,salvet te ,iesus10 in/ead ( 8,salvet te ,*ri/us10 :i* 0 possibly ! reason :y ! dead man ^u reviv+ ask$1 8,:o is ,jesus80#agjf ,sid5ote3 ,le>n+ ( ! ,*ri/ *ild4 ,:ile no v elaborate p>aph]nalia or c]emonial 7 involv$ 9 ! miracles ascrib$ to ! ,*ri/ *ild 9 ! ,arabic ,gospel ( ! ,infancy1 x is p]haps wor? not+ t he 0 already possess$ ( all le>n+ & nonpluss$ 8 ma/]s1 :5 !y tri$ to tea* him ! alphabet1 by ask+ ! mo/ ab/ruse que/ions4 ,& :5 he appe>$ be=e ! doctors 9 ! temple1 he exp\nd$ to !m n only ! books ( ! law1#agjg b natural philosophy1 a/ronomy1 physics & metaphysics1 physiology1 anatomy1 & psy*ology4 ,he is repres5t$ z tell+ !m 8! numb] ( ! sph]es & heav5ly bodies1 z also _! triangul>1 squ>e1 & sextile aspect2 _! progressive & retrograde motion2 _! tw5ty-f\r?s & sixtie?s ( tw5ty-f\r?s0 7p]haps correspond+ to our h\rs & m9utes67 8& o!r ?+s :i* ! reason ( man _h nev] discov]$40 ,fur!rmore1 8! p[]s also ( ! body1 its humors & _! effects2 also ! numb] ( its memb]s1 & bones1 ve9s1 art]ies1 & n]ves2 ! sev]al con/itutions ( ! body1 hot & dry1 cold & moi/1 & ! t5d5cies ( !m2 h[ ! s\l op]ates ^u ! body2 :at its v>i\s s5sations & faculties are2 ! faculty ( speak+1 ang]1 desire2 & la/ly1 ! mann] ( ! body's composition & dissolution1 & o!r ?+s :i* ! und]/&+ ( no creature _h ev] rea*$40#agjh ,x may be add$ t 9 ! apocryphal epi/les suppos$ to h be5 int]*ang$ betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,abg>us1 k+ ( ,edessa1 t mon>* writes to ,*ri/1 8,i h be5 in=m$ ab\t y & y\r cures1 :i* are p]=m$ )\t ! use ( h]bs & m$ic9es40#agji ,sid5ote3 ,o!r *>ges ( magic aga9/ ,*ri/ & ! apo/les4 ,jesus is aga9 accus$ ( magic 9 ,! ,gospel ( ,nicodemus or ,acts ( ,pontius ,pilate1 :]e ! ,jews tell ,pilate t he is a conjur]4 ,aft] ,pilate has be5 w>n$ by 8 wife1 ! ,jews repeat1 8,did we n say unto !e1 ,he is a magician8 ,behold1 he ha? caus$ ?y wife to dream40#agaj ,9 ! ,acts ( ,paul & ,!cla1 to :i* ,t]tullian ref]s & :i* are n[ se5 to be an exc]pt f ! apocryphal ,acts ( ,paul1 discov]$ 9 #ahii 9 a ,coptic papyrus1#agaa ! mob simil>ly cries out aga9/ ,paul1 8,he is a magician2 away ) him40 ,9 ! ,acts ( ,pet] & ,&rew#agab !y are bo? accus$ ( be+ sorc]]s by ,onesiphorus1 :o also1 h[ev]1 d5ies t ,pet] c make a camel g ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le4 ,nor is he satisfi$ :5 ! feat is successfully p]=m$ ) a ne$le & camel ( ,pet]'s selection1 b insi/s ^u its be+ repeat$ ) an animal & in/rum5t ( 8 own selection4 ,onesiphorus also has 8a pollut$ woman0 ride ^u 8 camel's back1 app>5tly ) ! idea t ?is w break ! magic spell4 ,b ,pet] s5ds ! camel ?r\gh ! eye ( ! ne$le1 8:i* op5$ up l a gate10 z successfully z be=e1 & also back aga9 ?r\gh x once m f ! opposite direction4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,magi & ! />4 ,"s details are add$ by ! apocrypha to ! acc\nt ( ! /> at ,*ri/'s bir?4 ,! ,arabic ,gospel /ates t ,zoroa/] 7,z]adus*t7 _h pr$ict$ ! com+ ( ! ,magi1 t ,m>y gave ! ,magi "o ( ,*ri/'s swaddl+ clo!s1 t !y 7 guid$ on _! homew>d j\rney by an angel 9 ! =m ( ! /> :i* _h l$ !m to ,be?lehem1 & t aft] _! return !y f\nd t ! swaddl+ clo? w\ld n burn 9 fire4#agac ,! ,epi/le ( ,ignatius to ! ,ephesians /ates t ?is /> %one ) a brightness f> exce$+ all o!rs1 fill+ m5 ) fe>1 & t ) its com+ ! p[] ( magic 0 de/roy$ & ! new k+dom ( ,god u%]$ 94#agad ,sid5ote3 ,allegorical zoology ( ,b>nabas4 ,9 ! apocryphal ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas occurs "s ( t allegorical zoology :i* we are apt to associate especially ) ! ,physiologus4 ,9 its n9? *apt] ! hy5a & weasel are adduc$ z examples ( its cont5tion t ! ,mosaic di/9ction betwe5 clean & unclean animals has a spiritual mean+4 ,?us ! comm& n to eat ! hy5a means n to be an adult]] or corrupt] ( o!rs1 = ! hy5a *anges its sex annually4 ,! weasel :i* conceives ) its m\? signifies p]sons ) unclean m\?s4 ,9 ! ,acts ( ,b>nabas he cures ! sick ( ,cyprus by lay+ a copy ( ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w ^u _! bodies4#agae ,sid5ote3 ,traces ( ,gno/icism 9 ! apocryphal ,acts4 ,if we turn aga9 to ! v>i\s apocryphal ,acts1 :]e we h already not$ *>ges ( magic made aga9/ ! apo/les1 we may f9d traces ( gno/icism :i* h already be5 not$ by ,anz4#agaf ,9 ! ,acts ( ,?omas ! ,holy ,gho/ is call$ ! pity+ "m ( sev5 h\ses ^: re/ is ! eigh? h\se ( heav54 ,9 ! ,acts ( ,philip t apo/le prays1 8,come n[1 ,jesus1 & give me ! et]nal cr[n ( victory ov] e ho/ile p[] 444 ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ 444 lead me on 444 until ,i ov]come all ! cosmic p[]s & ! evil dragon :o opposes u4 ,n[ !re=e ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ make me to come to ,!e 9 ! air40 ,! ,acts ( ,john1 too1 speak ( ov]com+ fire & d>kness & angels & demons & ar*ons & p[]s ( d>kness :o sep>ate man f ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,leg5d ( ,john4 ,we deal 9 ano!r *apt] ) ! /ruggle ( ! apo/les ) ,simon ,magus z rec\nt$ 9 ! apocryphal ,acts ( ,pet] & ,paul1 & ) simil> leg5ds ( ! conte/s ( o!r apo/les ) magicians4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 we may m5tion "s ( ! m>vels 9 ! apocryphal leg5d ( ,/4 ,john1 suppos$ to h be5 writt5 by 8 disciple ,pro*>us & 8:i* delud$ ! ,greek ,*ur* by its air ( s9c]ity & its extreme precision ( detail10#agag al?\gh x does n seem to h rea*$ ! we/ until ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,john is repres5t$ z dr9k+ )\t injury a poison :i* _h kill$ two crim9als1 & z reviv+ two corpses )\t go+ ne> !m by direct+ an incr$ul\s pagan to lay 8 cloak ov] !m4 ,a ,/oic philosoph] _h p]suad$ "s "y m5 to embrace ! life ( pov]ty by conv]t+ _! prop]ty into gems & !n p\nd+ ! gems to pieces4 ,john made ! criticism t ?is weal? might h bett] be5 di/ribut$ among ! poor1 & :5 *all5g$ to d s by ! ,/oic1 pray$ to ,god & _h ! gems made :ole aga94 ,lat] :5 ! "y m5 long$ = _! dep>t$ weal?1 he turn$ ! pebbles on ! sea%ore into gold & preci\s /ones1 a miracle :i* is said to h p]suad$ ! m$ieval al*emi/s t he possess$ ! secret ( ! philosoph]'s /one4#agah ,at any rate ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor 9 ! twelf? c5tury wrote ! foll[+ l9es conc]n+ ,/4 ,john 9 a *ant to be us$ 9 ! *ur* s]vice3 ,cum gemm>um p>tes fractas ,solidasset1 has di/ractas ,tribuit paup]ibus2 ,inexhau/um f]t !saurum ,qui de virgis fecit aurum1 ,gemmas de lapidibus4#agai ,sid5ote3 ,leg5d ( ,/4 ,s\snyos4 ,! brief leg5d ( ,/4 ,s\snyos1 :i* ,basset has includ$ 9 8 edition ( ,e?iopian ,apocrypha1#agbj is all magic1 beg9n+ ) an incantation or magic pray] aga9/ disease & demons4 ,!re is also a ,slavonic v]sion4 ,?is ,s\snyos is presumably ! same z ! ,sis9nios :o is said by ! au?or ( ! apocryphal ,acts ( ,ar*elaus1#agba =g$ ab\t #ccj-cdj ,a4 ,d41 to h ab&on$ ,mani1 embrac$ ,*ri/ianity1 & reveal$ to ,ar*elaus secret tea*+s :i* enabl$ him to triumph ov] 8 adv]s>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,old ,te/am5t apocrypha ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,:ile on ! subject1 m5tion may be made ( two works :i* prop]ly belong to ! apocrypha ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b :i* fir/ appe> dur+ ! ,*ri/ian era & s fall )9 our p]iod4 ,! ,asc5sion ( ,isaiah1#agbb ( :i* ! old ,lat9 v]sion 0 pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aebb1 & :i* dates back to ! second c5tury1 is some?+ l ! ,book ( ,eno*1 describ+ ,isaiah's asc5t ?r\gh ! sev5 heav5s & vision ( ! mission ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,b>u*1 ( :i* ! orig9al v]sion 0 writt5 9 ,greek by a ,*ri/ian ( ! ?ird or f\r? c5tury1#agbc ! mo/ int]e/+ episode is ! magic sleep into :i*1 l ,rip ,van ,w9kle1 ,abimele* falls dur+ ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ! ,*aldeans4 ,9 ! leg5d ( ,j]emiah ! prophet's s\l is abs5t f 8 body on "o occasion = ?ree days1 :ile on ano!r occasion he dresses up a /one to imp]sonate himself be=e ! populace :o are try+ to /one him to dea?1 9 ord] t he may ga9 "t to make c]ta9 revelations to ,abimele* & ,b>u*4 ,:5 he has _h 8 say1 ! /one asks ! p :y !y p]si/ 9 /on+ x in/ead ( ,j]emiah1 aga9/ :om !y !n turn _! missiles4#agbd ,su* is no exhau/ive li/+ b r a few examples ( ! enc\ragem5t giv5 to belief 9 magic by ! ,*ri/ian ,apocrypha4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,recognitions ,,( ,,clem5t ,,& ,,simon ,,magus ,! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es--,0 ,ruf9us ! sole m$ieval v]sion8--,previ\s ,greek v]sions--,date ( ! orig9al v]sion--,int]nal evid5ce--,resemblances to ,apuleius & ,philo/ratus--,sci5ce & religion--,int]e/ 9 natural sci5ce--,god & nature--,s9 & nature--,attitude to a/rology--,argum5ts aga9/ g5e?lialogy--,! virtu\s ,s]es--,!ory ( demons--,orig9 ( magic--,frequ5t accusations ( magic--,m>vels ( magic--,h[ di/+ui% miracle f magic8--,deceit 9 magic--,murd] ( a boy--,magic is evil--,magic is an art--,o!r acc\nts ( ,simon ,magus3 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr to ,hippolytus--,pet]'s acc\nt 9 ! ,didascalia et ,con/itutiones ,apo/olorum--,arnobius1 ,cyril1 & ,phila/rius--,apocryphal ,acts ( ,pet] & ,paul--,an acc\nt ascrib$ to ,m>cellus--,hegesippus--,a s]mon on ,simon's fall--,simon ,magus 9 m$ieval art4 8,! ,tru? h]self %all receive !e a w&]] & a /rang]1 & enroll !e a citiz5 ( h] own city40 --,recognitions ,i1 #ac4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es4 ,! />t+-po9t & *ief s\rce = ?is *apt] w be ! writ+s kn[n z ! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es & m p>ticul>ly ! ,lat9 v]sion commonly call$ ,! ,recognitions4 ,we %all !n note o!r acc\nts ( its villa9-h]o1 ,simon ,magus1 9 patri/ic lit]ature4#agbe ,! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es1 z ! "n implies1 are works or diff]5t v]sions ( "o "w ascrib$ to ,clem5t ( ,rome1 :o is repres5t$ z writ+ to ,james1 ! bro!r ( ! ,"l1 an acc\nt ( ev5ts & discussions 9 :i* he & ! apo/le ,pet] _h p>ticipat$ n long aft] ! crucifixion4 ,?is ,pseudo-,clem5t9e lit]ature has a d\ble "*1 comb9+ romantic n>rative conc]n+ ,pet]1 ,simon ,magus1 & ! family ( ,clem5t ) long1 argum5tative1 didactic1 & doctr9al discussions & dialogues 9 :i* ! same p]sons p>ticipate b ,pet] takes ! lead+ & mo/ au?oritative "p4 ,n only ! au?or%ip1 orig91 & date1 b ev5 ! title or titles & ! make-up & arrangem5t ( ! v>i\s v]sions & _! orig9al are d\btful or disput$ matt]s4 ,! v]sions n[ extant & publi%$ seem by no means to h be5 ! only ones1 b we w describe !m fir/4 ,9 ,greek we h ! v]sion kn[n z ,! ,homilies 9 tw5ty books1 9 :i* ! didactic elem5t prepond]ates4 ,x is extant 9 only two manuscripts ( ! twelf? & f\rte5? c5turies at ,p>is & ,rome1#agbf b is also pres]v$ 9 "p 9 epitomes4 ,diff]5t f x is ! ,lat9 v]sion 9 :i* ! n>rative elem5t plays a great] "p4 ,sid5ote3 ,0 ,ruf9us ! sole m$ieval v]sion8 ,?is ,lat9 v]sion1 n[ usually ref]r$ to z ,! ,recognitions1 because ! ma9 po9t 9 its plot is ! successive br++ toge!r aga9 (1 & recognition ( "o ano!r by1 ! memb]s ( a family long sep>at$1 is ! translation made by ,ruf9us1 :o is la/ he>d f 9 #daj4 ,x is usually divid$ into t5 books4 ,num]\s manuscripts ( ?is v]sion atte/ its popul>ity & influ5ce 9 ! middle ages1 :5 we e>ly f9d ,isidore ( ,seville quot+ ,clem5t sev]al times z an au?ority on natural sci5ce4#agbg ,arevalus1 h[ev]1 ?\ght t ,isidore us$ "s o!r v]sion ( ! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es ?an t ( ,ruf9us1#agbh & 9 ! m$ieval p]iod ano!r title 0 common1 namely1 ,! ,it9]>y ( ,clem5t1 or ,! ,it9]>y ( ,pet]4#agbi ,william ( ,auv]gne1 = in/ance1 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury cites ! ,it9]>ium ,clem5tis or 8,book ( ! disputations ( ,pet] aga9/ ,simon ,magus40#agcj ,?is ,it9]>y ( ,clem5t also heads ! li/ ( works condemn$ z apocryphal by ,pope ,gelasius at a synod at ,rome 9 #did1agca a li/ reproduc$ by ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais 9 8 ,speculum naturale 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury#agcb & 9 ! previ\s c5tury r m accurately by ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor 9 8 ,didascalicon4#agcc ,9 all ?ree cases ! full title is giv5 9 practically ! same words1 8,! ,it9]>y by ! "n ( ! ,apo/le ,pet] :i* is call$ ,sa9t ,clem5t's1 an apocryphal "w 9 eight books40#agcd ,"h we enc\nt] a difficulty1 s9ce z we h said ,! ,recognitions are 9 t5 books4 ,we f9d1 h[ev]1 t 9 ano!r passage#agce ,v9c5t correctly cites ! n9? book ( ,! ,recognitions z ,clem5t's n9? book1 & t ! numb] ( books into :i* ,! ,recognitions is divid$ v>ies 9 ! manuscripts1 & t !y1 too1 m (t5 call x ,! ,it9]>y ( ,clem5t or ev5 apply o!r designations4 ,rabanus ,maurus 9 ! n9? c5tury quotes an utt]ance ( ! apo/le ,pet] f ,! ,hi/ory ( ,sa9t ,clem5t1 b ! passage is f\nd 9 ,! ,recognitions4#agcf ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais also quotes 8! bless$ apo/le ,pet] 9 a c]ta9 lett] atta*$ to ,! ,it9]>y ( ,clem5t40 ,no lett] by ,pet] is prefac$ to ! pr9t$ text ( ,! ,recognitions1 nor does ,ruf9us m5tion su* a lett]1 al?\gh he does speak 9 8 preface ( a lett] by ,clem5t :i* he has already translat$ else:]e4 ,prefix$ to ! pr9t$ ,homilies1 h[ev]1 & 9 ! manuscripts f\nd also ) ,! ,recognitions1 are lett]s ( ,pet] & ,clem5t respectively to ,james4 ,b ! passage quot$ by ,v9c5t does n occur 9 ei!r1 b comes f ! t5? book ( ,! ,recognitions4#agcg ,x w\ld seem1 !re=e1 despite v>iations 9 ! numb] ( books & 9 ! arrangem5t ( mat]ial1 t ! ,lat9 v]sion by ,ruf9us 0 ! only "o curr5t 9 ! middle ages1 b we _c be sure ( ?is until all ! extant manuscripts h be5 m c>efully exam9$4#agch ,sid5ote3 ,previ\s ,greek v]sions4 ,! v]sion by ,ruf9us diff]$ f previ\s ones n only 9 be+ 9 ,lat9 b also 9 v>i\s omissions :i* he admits he made & p]haps o!r *anges to suit x to 8 ,lat9 audi5ce4 ,t !re 0 already m ?an "o v]sion 9 ,greek he %[s 9 8 preface by describ+ ano!r text ?an t ^u :i* 8 translation or adaptation 0 bas$4 ,nei!r ( ^! two ,greek texts appe>s to h be5 ! same z ! pres5t ,homilies4#agci ,yet ,! ,homilies 7 app>5tly 9 exi/5ce at t "t1 s9ce a ,syriac manuscript ( #daa ,a4 ,d4 conta9s f\r books ( ,! ,homilies & ?ree ( ,! ,recognitions1#agdj ?us 9 itself furni%+ an illu/ration ( ! ease ) :i* new v]sions might be comp\nd$ f old4 ,bo? ,! ,homilies & ,! ,recognitions z !y h rea*$ u w\ld seem to be confusions & p]v]sions ( ?is sort1 z _! incid5ts are obvi\sly n arrang$ 9 correct ord]4 ,= in/ance1 :5 ! /ory ( ,! ,recognitions beg9s ,*ri/ is /ill alive & reports ( ,8 miracles are rea*+ ,rome2 ! same ye> ,b>nabas pays a visit to ,rome & ,clem5t almo/ imm$iately foll[s him back to ,syria1 mak+ ! passage f ,rome to ,caes>ea 9 fifte5 days2#agda b on 8 arrival !re he meets ,pet] :o tells him t 8a week ( ye>s0 h elaps$ s9ce ! crucifixion & ( o!r int]v5+ ev5ts involv+ a consid]able lapse ( "t4 ,or aga91 9 ! ?ird book ( ,! ,recognitions ,simon is said to h sunk 8 magical p>aph]nalia 9 ! sea & gone to ,rome1 b z late z ! t5? & la/ book we f9d him /ill 9 ,antio* & ) en\gh p>aph]nalia left to trans=m ! c\nt5ance ( ,fau/us4 ,sid5ote3 ,date ( ! orig9al v]sion4 ,yet ?is late & mis>rang$ v]sion on :i* ,ruf9us bases 8 text mu/ h be5 already 9 exi/5ce = "s "t1 s9ce he confesses t he has be5 a long :ile ab\t 8 translation4 ,! virg9 ,sylvia :o 8once enjo9$ x ^u0 him to 8r5d] ,clem5t into our language0 is n[ spok5 ( z 8( v5]able memory10 & x is to ,bi%op ,gaud5tius t ,ruf9us 8aft] _m delays0 9 8 old age 8at l5g?0 pres5ts ! "w4 ,we might ?us inf] t ! orig9al & presumably m self-consi/5t ,pseudo-,clem5t9e n>rative1 :i* ,ruf9us evid5tly does n use1 mu/ date back to a mu* e>li] p]iod4 ,we he> f o!r s\rces ( ,! ,circuits or ,p]iodoi ( ,pet] by ,clem5t1 b ?is may h be5 ! v]sion translat$ by ,ruf9us4#agdb ,cons]vative ,*ri/ian s*ol>s reg>d z ! olde/ unmi/akable allusion to ! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es t by ,eusebius e>ly 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 :o1 )\t giv+ any specific titles1 speaks ( c]ta9 8v]bose & l5g?y writ+s1 conta9+ dialogues ( ,pet] =soo? & ,apion10 :i* are ascrib$ to ,clem5t b are really ( rec5t orig94 ,z = ! date ( ! orig9al "w f :i* ,homilies & ,recognitions are d]iv$1#agdc f #bjj to #bhj ,a4 ,d4 is sugge/$ by ,h>nack & 8 s*ool1 :o take middle gr\nd betwe5 ! extreme cont5tions ( ,hilg5feld & ,*apman4 ,b ! orig9al ,pseudo-,clem5t is suppos$ to h utiliz$ ,! ,tea*+s ( ,pet] & ,! ,acts ( ,pet]1 :i* ,waitz w\ld date betwe5 #ace & #baj ,a4 ,d4#agdd ,sid5ote3 ,int]nal evid5ce4 ,! "w itself1 ev5 9 ! p]v]t$ =m pres]v$ by ,ruf9us1 makes pret5sions to ! highe/ ,*ri/ian antiquity4 ,n only is x address$ to ,james & put into ! m\? ( ,clem5t1 b ,paul is nev] m5tion$1 & no book ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is cit$ by "n1 :ile say+s ( ,jesus are cit$ :i* are n f\nd 9 ! ,bible4 ,*ri/ is (t5 allud$ to 9 a veil$ & my/ic fa%ion z 8! true prophet10 :o _h appe>$ a=etime to ,abraham & ,moses1 & int]e/+ & vivid incid5tal glimpses are giv5 ( :at purports to be ! life ( an e>ly ,*ri/ian community & p]haps is t ( ! ,ebionites1 ,ess5es1 or "s ,gno/ic sect4 ,emphasis is laid ^u ! purify+ p[] ( baptism1 ^u ,pet]'s practice ( ba?+ e>ly e morn+1 pref]ably 9 ! sea or runn+ wat]1 ^u secret pray]s & meet+s1 a sep>ate table = ! initiat$1 esot]ic discussions ( religion at cock-cr[ & 9 ! night1 & ^u p[] ov] demons4 ,all ?is may be m]e clev] inv5tion1 b !re c]ta9ly is an atmosph]e ( v]isimilitude ab\t x2 & x is r odd t a lat] writ] %\ld be 8v c>eful to avoid ana*ronisms10 9 ^: acc\nt z x n[ /&s are su* gl>+ *ronological confusions z ^? already not$ conc]n+ ,clem5t's voyage to ,caes>ea & ,simon's dep>ture = ,rome4 ,b1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,apocrypha1 ! exact date ( composition makes little diff]5ce = our purpose1 = :i* x is en\gh t ! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es play$ an important "p 9 ! fir/ ?irte5 c5turies ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght view$ z a :ole4 ,eusebius & ,epiphanius may f9d !m unpalatable 9 c]ta9 respects & reject !m z h]etical1 b ,basil & ,gregory utilize _! argum5ts aga9/ a/rology4 ,gelasius may classify !m z apocryphal1 b ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais ju/ifies a discrim9at+ use ( ! apocryphal books 9 g5]al & cites ?is "o 9 p>ticul> m ?an once z an au?ority1 & ! incid5ts ( its /ory 7 embodi$1 z we %all see1 9 m$ieval art4 ,sid5ote3 ,resemblances to ,apuleius & ,philo/ratus4 ,! same resemblance to ! works ( ,apuleius & ,philo/ratus t we not$ 9 ! case ( an apocryphal gospel is obs]vable 9 ! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es4 ,we see 9 ,! ,recognitions ! same mix$ int]e/ 9 natural sci5ce & 9 magic comb9$ ) religion & romantic incid5t t *>act]iz$ ! v>iegat$ & motley page ( ! au?or ( ! ,metamorphoses & ! biograph] ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana4 ,x is probably only a co9cid5ce t two ( ! works ( ,apuleius are d$icat$ to a ,fau/9us :om he calls 8my son10 :ile ,clem5t's fa!r is nam$ ,fau/us or ,fau/9ianus1 & ! leg5d ( ,fau/ is believ$ to orig9ate ) him & ! episodes 9 :i* he is conc]n$4#agde ,less accid5tal may be ! connection betwe5 ,pet]'s religi\s sea-ba?+ & t purification 9 ! sea by :i* ! h]o ( ! ,metamorphoses began ! process by :i* he succe$$ 9 rega9+ 8 lo/ human =m4 ,m consid]able are ! detail$ p>allels to ! "w ( ,philo/ratus4#agdf ,pet] corresponds r\ghly to ,apollonius & ,clem5t to ,damis1 :ile ! wiz>ds & magi are ably p]sonifi$ by ! fam\s ,simon ,magus4 ,if ,apollonius ab/a9$ f all meat & w9e & wore l95 g>m5ts1 ,pet] lives ^u 8bread alone1 ) olives1 & seldom ev5 ) pot-h]bs2 & my dress10 he says1 8is :at y see1 a tunic ) a pallium3 & hav+ ^!1 ,i require no?+ m40#agdg ,l ,philo/ratus ! ,pseudo-,clem5t speaks ( bones ( enorm\s size :i* are /ill to be se5 z pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( giants 9 =m] ages2#agdh & ! acc\nts ( ! ,brahmans & allusions to ! ,scy?ians 9 ! ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana are p>allel$ 9 ,! ,recognitions by a s]ies ( brief *apt]s on ^! & o!r /range races4#agdi ,pet] is1 ( c\rse1 a ,jew1 n a ,hell5e l ,apollonius1 b 9 8 tra9 are m5 :o are ?or\ghly tra9$ 9 ,greek philosophy & capable ( discuss+ its problems at l5g?4 ,!y also are n )\t appreciation ( pagan art & turn aside1 ) ,pet]'s cons5t1 to visit a temple ^u an isl& & 8to gaze e>ne/ly0 ^u 8! wond]ful columns0 & 8v magnific5t works ( ,phidias40#agej ,j z ,apollonius knew all languages )\t hav+ ev] /udi$ !m1 s ,pet] is s fill$ ) ! ,_s ( ,god t he is 8full ( all k0 & 8n ignorant ev5 ( ,greek le>n+02 b to desc5d f 8 usual div9e !mes to discuss x is consid]$ to be r b5ea? him4 ,clem5t1 h[ev]1 felt ! ne$ ( coa*+ ,pet] up a little 9 ,greek my?ology4#agea ,?is m+l$ attitude ( contempt = 8! babbl+s ( ! ,greeks0 :5 comp>$ to div9e revelation1 & ( respect = ,greek philosophy :5 comp>$ ) any?+ else is1 x is h>dly necess>y to say1 a v common "o ) ,*ri/ian writ]s ?r\gh\t ! ,roman ,empire4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce & religion4 ,! same attitude prevails t[>d natural sci5ce4 ,at ! v beg9n+ ( ! ,clem5t9es ! curiosity ( ! anci5t _w 9 reg>d to ?+s ( nature is %[n by ! "q :i* someone prop\nd$ to ,b>nabas :5 he began to prea*1 at ,rome accord+ to ,! ,recognitions1 at ,alex&ria accord+ to ,! ,homilies1 ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,! heckl] want$ to "k :y s small a creature z a fly has n only six feet b w+s 9 addition1 :ile ! elephant1 despite its enorm\s bulk1 has only f\r feet & no w+s at all4 ,b>nabas did n answ] ! "q1 al?\gh he ass]t$ t he c\ld if he wi%$ to1 mak+ ! excuse t x 0 n fitt+ to speak ( m]e creatures to ^? :o 7 /ill ignorant ( _! ,creator4#ageb ,sid5ote3 ,int]e/ 9 natural sci5ce4 ,?is unwill+ness to discuss natural que/ions by no means cont9ues *>act]i/ic ( ! ,clem5t9es1 h[ev]4 ,n only does ,pet] expla9 to ,clem5t ! creation ( ! _w & prop\nd ! extraord9>y#agec doctr9e t aft] complet+ ! process ( creation ,god 8set an angel z *ief ov] ! angels1 a _s ov] ! spirits1 a /> ov] ! />s1 a demon ov] ! demons1 a bird ov] ! birds1 a bea/ ov] ! bea/s1 a s]p5t ov] ! s]p5ts1 a fi% ov] ! fi%es10 & 8ov] m5 a man :o is ,*ri/ ,jesus40#aged ,n only does he lat] 9 public def5d baptism ) wat] on ! gr\nd t 8all ?+s are produc$ f wat]s0 & t wat]s 7 fir/ creat$4#agee ,we also f9d ,niceta accept+ ! ,greek hypo!sis ( f\r elem5ts1 ( ! sph]icity ( ! univ]se1 & ( ! motions ( ! heav5ly bodies 8assign$ to !m by fix$ laws & p]iods10 cit+ ,plato's ,timaeus1 m5tion+ ,ari/otle's introduction ( a fif? elem5t1#agef disput+ ! atomic !ory ( ,epicurus1#ageg & allud+ to 8me*anical sci5ce40#ageh ,he fur!r discusses ! g5]ation ( plants1 animals1 & human be+s z evid5ces ( div9e design & provid5ce1#agei 9 :i* connection he collects a numb] ( examples ( m>vel\s g5 eration ( animals su* z moles f e>? & vip]s f a%es1 & affirms t 8! cr[ conceives ?r\gh ! m\? & ! weasel g5]ates ?r\gh ! e>40#agfj ,simon ,magus decl>$ himself immortal on ! !ory1 :i* we %all f9d cropp+ out aga9 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury 9 ,rog] ,bacon & ,pet] ( ,abano1 t 8 fle% 0 8s compact$ by ! p[] ( 8 div9ity t x c endure to et]nity40#agfa ,on ! o!r h&1 ,niceta describes ! action ( ! inte/9es 9 a fairly intellig5t mann]1#agfb & tells h[ ! blood fl[s l wat] f a f\nta91 8& fir/ borne along 9 "o *annel1 & !n spread+ ?r\gh innum]able ve9s z ?r\gh canals1 irrigates ! entire t]ritory ( ! human body ) vital /reams40#agfc ,a little lat] on ,aquila gives a natural explanation ( ra9b[s4#agfd ,sid5ote3 ,god & nature4 ,!re is noticeable1 x is true1 a t5d5cy1 common 9 patri/ic lit]ature & f\nd ev5 among ^? fa!rs :o hold ! dualism ( ! ,mani*ees 9 ! deepe/ dete/ation1 to make a di/9ction betwe5 ,god & nature & to attribute any flaws 9 ! univ]se to ! latt]4#agfe ,niceta _c agree ) 8^? :o speak ( nature in/ead ( ,god & decl>e t all ?+s 7 made by nature02 he holds t ,god creat$ ! univ]se4 ,b ,aquila1 :o supports 8 bro!r 9 ! discussion1 seems to ?9k t ,god's responsibility = ! univ]se ceas$1 at lea/ 9 "p1 aft] x 0 once creat$4 ,at any rate he admits t 89 ?is _w "s ?+s are done 9 an ord]ly & "s 9 a disord]ly fa%ion4 ,^? ?+s !re=e10 he cont9ues1 8t are done rationally1 believe t !y are done by ,provid5ce2 b ^? t are done irrationally & inord9ately1 believe t !y befall naturally & happ5 accid5tally40#agff ,sid5ote3 ,s9 & nature4 ,b ev5 nature sometimes rises up aga9/ ! s9s ( mank9d accord+ to ,pet] & 8 associates4 ,aquila believes t ! s9s ( m5 are ! cause ( pe/il5ces2#agfg t 8:5 *a/isem5t is inflict$ ^u m5 accord+ to ! w ( ,god1 he0 7i4 e4 ! ,sun1 already call$ 8t good s]vant0 & :om ! e>ly ,*ri/ians f\nd x difficult to cease to p]sonify7 8gl[s m fi]cely & burns up ! _w ) m vehem5t fires02#agfh & t 8^? :o h become acqua9t$ ) prophetic disc\rse "k :5 & = :at reason blight1 hail1 pe/il5ce1 & su* l h occurr$ 9 e g5]ation1 & = :at s9s ^! h be5 s5t z a puni%m5t40#agfi ,pet] gives ! impression t nature sometimes acts r indep5d5tly ( ,god 9 ?us puni%+ ! wick$4 ,he says3 8,b ?is also ,i w\ld h y "k1 t ^u su* s\ls ,god does n take v5geance directly1 b ,8 :ole creation rises up & inflicts puni%m5ts ^u ! impi\s4 ,& al?\gh 9 ! pres5t _w ! goodness ( ,god be/[s ! light ( ! _w & ! s]vices ( ! e>? alike ^u ! pi\s & ! impi\s1 yet n )\t grief does ! ,sun af=d 8 light & ! o!r elem5ts p]=m _! s]vices to ! impi\s4 ,&1 9 %ort1 sometimes ev5 9 opposition to ! goodness ( ! ,creator1 ! elem5ts are worn out by ! crimes ( ! wick$2 & h5ce x is t ei!r ! fruit ( ! e>? is blight$1 or ! composition ( ! air is vitiat$1 or ! heat ( ! sun is increas$ beyond measure1 or !re is an excess ( ra9 or cold40#aggj ,?is is a close approa* to ! notion ( ,! ,book ( ,eno* t human s9 upsets ! _w ( nature1 & an ev5 clos] approa* to ! !ory ( ! ,brahmans 9 ,! ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana t prolong$ dr\ght is a puni%m5t visit$ by ! _w-s\l ^u human s9fulness4 ,sid5ote3 ,attitude to a/rology4 ,su* ve/iges ( ! _w-s\l doctr9e1 su* a t5d5cy to ascribe emotion & w to ! elem5ts & planets1 to p]sonify !m1 & to ?9k ( ,god z rul+ ! _w indirectly ?r\gh !m1 prep>e u to f9d an attitude r favorable to a/rological !ory4 ,inde$1 9 ! fir/ book ( ,! ,recognitions#agga we are told 9 s _m words t ! ,creator adorn$ ! visible heav5 ) />s1 sun1 & moon 9 ord] t 8!y might be = an indication ( ?+s pa/1 pres5t1 & future10 & t ^! cele/ial signs1 :ile se5 by all1 are 8und]/ood only by ! le>n$ & intellig5t40 ,a/rology is respectfully describ$ z 8! sci5ce ( ma!sis10#aggb &1 z 0 common 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 a/rolog]s are call$ ma!matici4#aggc ,a def5d] ev5 ( ! mo/ extreme pret5sions ( ! art is n abus$ z a *>latan b is c\rte\sly greet$ z 8s le>n$ a man10#aggd & all admire 8 eloqu5ce1 grave mann]s1 & calm spee*1 & accord him a respectful he>+4#agge ,a/rology1 f> f be+ reg>d$ z necess>ily contr>y to religion1 is ?\ght to furni% argum5ts = ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 & x is said t ,abraham1 8be+ an a/rolog]1 0 able f ! rational sy/em ( ! />s to recognize ! ,creator1 :ile all o!r m5 7 9 error1 & und]/ood t all ?+s are regulat$ by ,8 ,provid5ce40#aggf ,! numb] sev5 is some:at emphasiz$#aggg & ! twelve apo/les are call$ ! twelve mon?s ( ,*ri/ :o is ! acceptable ye> ( ! ,"l4#aggh ,some:at simil>ly ! ,gno/ic foll[]s ( ! h]etic ,val5t9us made mu* ( ! ,duodecad1 a gr\p ( twelve aeons1 & believ$1 accord+ to ,ir5aeus1 8t ,*ri/ suff]$ 9 ! twelf? mon?4 ,= _! op9ion is t ,he cont9u$ to prea* = "o ye> only aft] ,8 baptism40#aggi ,pet]1 too1 has a gr\p ( twelve disciples4#aghj ,niceta speaks ( 8man :o is a microcosm 9 ! great _w40#agha ,x is admitt$ t ! />s ex]t evil z well z good influ5ce1#aghb & t ! a/rolog] 8c indicate ! evil desire :i* malign virtue produces40#aghc ,b x is cont5d$ t1 8possess+ fre$om ( ! w1 we sometimes resi/ our desires & sometimes yield to !m10 & t no a/rolog] c pr$ict be=eh& :i* c\rse we w take4 ,sid5ote3 ,argum5ts aga9/ g5e?lialogy4 ,9 f9e1 a/rology is criticiz$ adv]sely only :5 x goes to ! l5g? ( cont5d+ t 8!re is nei!r any ,god1 nor any wor%ip1 nei!r is !re any ,provid5ce 9 ! _w1 b all ?+s are done by =tuit\s *ance & g5esis02 t 8:atev] y\r g5esis conta9s1 t %all befall y02#aghd & t ! con/ellations =ce m5 to commit murd]1 adult]y1 & o!r crimes4#aghe ,on ?is po9t ,niceta & ,aquila1 & f9ally ,clem5t himself1 h long discussions ) an ag$ adept 9 g5e?lialogy :i* fill a l>ge portion ( ! la/ ?ree books ( ,! ,recognitions1 & include a doz5 *apt]s :i* are little m ?an an extract f ,! ,laws ( ,c\ntries ( ,b>desanes4 ,div9e ,provid5ce & human free w are def5d$1 & g5e?lialogy is repres5t$ z an error :i* has receiv$ confirmation ?r\gh ! op]ations ( demons4#aghf ,x is ass]t$ t m5 c be kept f committ+ crimes by fe> ( puni%m5t & by law1 ev5 if !y are naturally s incl9$1 & races l ! ,s]es 7,*9ese7 & ,brahmans are adduc$ z examples ( entire races ( m5 :o nev] commit ! crimes into :i* m5 are suppos$ to be =c$ by ! con/ellations4 ,! argum5t is also advanc$1 8,s9ce ,god is righte\s & s9ce ,he ,himself made human nature1 h[ c\ld x be t ,he %\ld place g5esis 9 opposition to u1 :i* %\ld compel u to s91 & !n t ,he %\ld puni% u :5 we d s980#aghg ,x is fur!r *>g$ t ! con/ellations are s complicat$1 t = any giv5 mom5t "o a/rolog] may inf] a favorable & ano!r a disa/r\s influ5ce1#aghh & t mo/ successful explanations ( ! effects ( ! />s are made aft] ! ev5t1 l dreams ( :i* m5 c make no?+ at ! "t1 b 8:5 any ev5t occurs1 !n !y adapt :at !y saw 9 ! dream to :at has occurr$40#aghi ,f9ally ! ag$ def5d] ( g5esis1 :o believ$ t 8 own fate & t ( 8 wife _h be5 accurately prescrib$ by _! horoscopes1 turns out to be ,fau/9ianus 7call$ ,fau/us 9 ,! ,homilies71 ! long-lo/ fa!r ( ,clem5t1 ,niceta1 & ,aquila2 is also re/or$ to 8 wife2 & le>ns t 8 previ\s int]pretation ( ev5ts f ! />s 0 q errone\s4#agij ,sid5ote3 ,! virtu\s ,s]es4 ,! ideal picture ( ! ,s]es or ,*9ese1 8:o dwell at ! beg9n+ ( ! _w10 :i* ,! ,recognitions app>5tly borr[s f ,b>desanes1 is p]haps wor? repeat+ "h z an odd admission t a non-,*ri/ian p c atta9 a /ate ( moral p]fection & s9lessness1 z well z an int]e/+ bit ( anci5t e?nology4 8,9 all t c\ntry :i* is v l>ge !re is nei!r temple nor image nor h>lot nor adult]ess1 nor is any ?ief br\ght to trial4 ,b nei!r is any man ev] sla9 !re4444 ,= ?is reason !y are n *a/5$ ) ^? plagues ( :i* we h spok52 !y live to extreme old age1 & die )\t sickness40#agia ,p]haps ^! virtu\s ,s]es are ! blameless ,hyp]boreans 9 ano!r guise4 ,sid5ote3 ,!ory ( demons4 ,demons & angels ab\nd 9 ,! ,recognitions4 ,"o may be rebuk$ & sc\rg$ at night by an angel ( ,god4#agib ,pet] says t e nation has an angel1 s9ce ,god has divid$ ! e>? into sev5ty-two sections & appo9t$ an angel z gov]nor & pr9ce ( ea*4#agic ,once1 be=e beg9n+ to prea*1 ,pet] expell$ demons f a numb] ( p]sons 9 ! audi5ce4#agid ,9 ano!r passage is describ$ ! cure ( a girl ( tw5ty-sev5 :o = tw5ty ye>s _h be5 vex$ by an unclean _s & _h be5 %ut up 9 a closet 9 *a9s because ( h] viol5ce & sup]human /r5g?4 ,! m]e pres5ce ( ,pet] put ?is demon to r\t & ! *a9s fell (f ! girl ( _! own accord4#agie ,besides ^! p]sonal enc\nt]s ) demons1 ! !ory ( demoniacal possession is discuss$ m ?an once1 & any?+ ( :i* ! au?or does n approve1 su* z ! art ( horoscopes1 hea!n oracles1 ! excesses ( pagan rites & fe/ivals1 & ! animal gods ( ! ,egyptians1 is attribut$ to ! influ5ce ( demons4#agif ,"o becomes susceptible to demoniacal possession :o eats meat sacrific$ to idols or :o m]ely eats & dr9ks immod]ately4#agig ,demons are apt to get into ! v b[els ( ^? :o frequ5t drunk5 banquets4#agih ,incont95ce1 too1 is accompani$ by demons ^: 8noxi\s brea?0 produces 8an intemp]ate & vici\s prog5y4444 ,& !re=e p>5ts are responsible = _! *ildr5's defects ( ?is sort1 because !y h n obs]v$ ! law ( int]c\rse40#agii ,z mu* c>e %\ld be tak5 9 human g5]ation z 9 ! s[+ ( crops4 ,b :ile demons ab\nd1 ,god has giv5 e ,*ri/ian p[] ov] !m1 s9ce !y may be driv5 out by utt]+ 8! ?reefold "n ( bless$ness40#ahjj ,moreov]1 8:at is spok5 by ! true ,god1 :e!r by prophets or v>i$ visions1 is always true2 b :at is =etold by demons is n always true40#ahja ,sid5ote3 ,orig9 ( magic4 ,) demons is associat$ ! orig9 ( ! magic art4 8,c]ta9 angels 444 taught m5 t demons c\ld be made to obey man by c]ta9 arts1 t is1 by magical invocations40#ahjb ,! fir/ magicians 7 ,ham & 8 son ,mesraim1 f :om ! ,egyptians1 ,babylonians1 & ,assyrians are desc5d$1 & :o tri$ to draw sp>ks f ! />s#ahjc b set himself on fire 8& 0 consum$ by ! demon :om he _h acco/$ ) too great importunity40#ahjd ,b on ?is acc\nt he 0 call$ ,zoroa/] or 8liv+ />0 aft] 8 dea?4 ,moreov]1 ! magic art did n p]i% b 0 transmitt$ to ,nimrod 8z by a fla%40#ahje ,) ?is may be comp>$ ! slightly diff]5t acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( magic giv5 by ,epiphanius 9 ! ,pan>ion1 writt5 ab\t #cgd-cge ,a4 ,d4 ,magic is old] ?an h]esy & 0 already 9 exi/5ce be=e ! "t ( ,ham or ,mesraim 9 ! ant$iluvian days ( ,j>$1 :5 x coexi/$ ) 8ph>macy10 a t]m "h us$ to cov] sorc]y & poison+1 lic5ti\sness1 adult]y1 & inju/ice4 ,aft] ! flood ,epiphanius m5tions ,nimrod 77 z ! fir/ tyrant & ! inv5tor ( ! evil discipl9es ( a/rology & magic4 ,he /ates t ! ,greeks incorrectly confuse him ) ,zoroa/] :om !y reg>d z ! f\nd] ( magic & a/rology4 ,accord+ to ,epiphanius1 8ph>macy0 & magic pass$ f ,egypt to ,greece 9 ! "t ( ,cecrops4#ahjf ,sid5ote3 ,frequ5t accusations ( magic4 ,9 ,! ,recognitions ev]yone1 ,*ri/ian1 h]etic1 pagan1 & philosoph]1 condemns or pr(esses to condemn magic1 & ref]5ce is made to ! laws ( ! ,roman emp]ors aga9/ x4#ahjg ,b ,*ri/ians1 pagans1 & h]etics1 :ile claim+ div9e p[] & protection = !mselves1 freely accuse "o ano!r ( ! practice ( magic4 ,an unnam$ p]son1 by :om ,paul is p]haps meant1 /irs up ! p ( ,j]usalem to p]secute ! apo/olic community !re z 8mo/ mis]able m51 :o are deceiv$ by ,simon1 a magician40#ahjh ,! gu>ds at ! sepul*]1 unable to prev5t ! resurrection1 said t ,jesus 0 a magician1 a *>ge :i* is repeat$ by "o ( ! scribes & by ,simon ,magus4 ,simon also calls ,pet] a magician on m ?an "o occasion4#ahji ,pet]1 ( c\rse1 makes simil> *>ges aga9/ ,simon2 he _h be5 especially s5t by ,james to ,caes>ea 9 ord] to refute ?is magician :o 0 giv+ himself out to be ! ,/ans or ,*ri/4#ahaj ,! gods ( ,greek my?ology1 too1 are accus$ ( hav+ resort$ to magic trans=mations & sorc]y4#ahaa ,philosophy1 h[ev]1 escapes ! accusation ( magic 9 ,! ,recognitions1#ahab & x 0 a philosoph] :o det]r$ ,clem5t1 be=e ! latt] _h become a ,*ri/ian1 f 8 plan ( inve/igat+ ! problem ( ! immortality ( ! s\l by hir+ an ,egyptian magician to evoke a s\l f ! inf]nal regions by ! art ( necromancy4#ahac ,! philosoph] condemn$ su* an attempt z unlawful1 impi\s1 & 8hateful to ! ,div9ity40#ahad ,sid5ote3 ,m>vels ( magic4 ,b :ile magic is condemn$1 its great p[]s are admitt$4 ,simon ,magus makes great boa/s ( ! m>vels :i* he c p]=m4 ,^! include becom+ invisible1 bor+ ?r\gh rocks & m\nta9s z if !y 7 clay1 pass+ ?r\gh fire )\t be+ burn$1 fly+ ?r\gh ! air1 loos+ bonds & b>ri]s1 trans=mation into animal %apes1 animation ( /atues1 production ( new plants or trees 9 a mom5t1 & gr[+ be>ds ^u little boys4#ahae ,he also ass]t$ t he _h =m$ a boy by turn+ air into wat] & ! wat] into blood1 & !n solidify+ ?is into fle%1 a feat :i* he reg>d$ z sup]ior to ! creation ( ,adam f e>?4 ,lat] ,simon unmade him & re/or$ him to ! air1 8b n until ,i _h plac$ 8 image & picture 9 my b$*amb] z a pro( & memorial ( my "w40#ahaf ,n only does ,simon himself make su* boa/s2 ,niceta & ,aquila1 :o _h be5 8 disciples be=e _! conv]sion by ,zac*eus1 also be> witness to 8 amaz+ feats4 8,:o w\ld n be a/oni%$ at ! wond]ful ?+s :i* he does8 ,:o w\ld n ?9k t he 0 a god come d[n f heav5 = ! salvation ( m580#ahag ,he c fly ?r\gh ! air1 or s m+le himself ) fire z to become "o body ) x1 he c make /atues walk & dogs ( brass b>k4 8,yea1 he has also be5 se5 to make bread ( /ones40#ahah ,:5 ,dosi!us tri$ to beat ,simon1 ! rod pass$ ?r\gh 8 body z if x _h be5 smoke4#ahai ,! woman call$ ,luna :o goes ab\t ) ,simon 0 se5 by a cr[d to look out ( all ! w9d[s ( a t[] at ! same "t1#ahbj an illusion possibly produc$ by mirrors4 ,:5 ,simon fe>s arre/1 he trans=ms ! face ( ,fau/9ianus into ! lik5ess ( 8 own1 9 ord] t ,fau/9ianus may be arre/$ 9 8 place4#ahba ,sid5ote3 ,h[ di/+ui% miracle f magic8 ,s great1 inde$1 are ! m>vels wr\ght by ,simon & by magicians g5]ally t ,niceta asks ,pet] h[ !y may be di/+ui%$ f div9e signs & ,*ri/ian miracles1 & 9 :at respect anyone s9s :o inf]s f ! simil>ity ( ^! signs & wond]s ei!r t ,simon ,magus is div9e or t ,*ri/ 0 a magician4 ,speak+ fir/ ( ,ph>aoh's magicians1 ,niceta asks1 8,= if ,i _h be5 !re1 %\ld ,i n h ?\ght1 f ! fact t ! magicians did l ?+s 7to ^? :i* ,moses did71 ei!r t ,moses 0 a magician1 or t ! feats display$ by ! magicians 7 div9ely wr\ght8444 ,b if he s9s :o believes ^? :o "w signs1 h[ %all x appe> t he also does n s9 :o has believ$ on our ,"l = ,8 signs & occult virtues80 ,pet]'s reply is t ,simon's magic does n b5efit anyone1 :ile ! ,*ri/ian miracles ( heal+ ! sick & expell+ demons are p]=m$ = ! good ( humanity4 ,to ,anti*ri/ alone among work]s ( magic w x be p]mitt$ at ! end ( ! _w to mix 9 "s b5eficial acts ) 8 evil m>vels4 ,moreov]1 8by ?is means go+ beyond 8 b\nds1 & be+ divid$ aga9/ himself1 & fight+ aga9/ himself1 he %all be de/roy$40#ahbb ,lat] 9 ,! ,recognitions1 h[ev]1 ,aquila /ates t ev5 ! magic ( ! pres5t has f\nd ways ( imitat+ by contr>ies ! expulsion ( demons by ! ^w ( ,god1 t x c c\nt]act ! poisons ( s]p5ts by incantations1 & c effect cures 8contr>y to ! ^w & p[] ( ,god40 ,he adds1 8,! magic art has also discov]$ m9i/ries contr>y to ! angels ( ,god1 plac+ ! evocation ( s\ls & ! figm5ts ( demons 9 opposition to ^!40#ahbc ,sid5ote3 ,deceit 9 magic4 ,b :ile ! m>vels ( magic are admitt$1 !re is a feel+ t !re is some?+ deceitful & unreal ab\t !m4 ,! tea*+s ( ! true prophet1 we are told1 8conta9 no?+ subtle1 no?+ compos$ by magic art to deceive10#ahbd :ile ,simon is 8a deceiv] & magician40#ahbe ,nor is he deceitful m]ely 9 8 religi\s tea*+ & 8 opposition to ,pet]2 ev5 8 boa/s ( magic p[] are p>tly false4 ,aquila1 8 =m] disciple1 says1 8,b :5 he spoke ?us ( ! production ( spr\ts & ! p]=ation ( ! m\nta91 ,i 0 conf\nd$ on ?is acc\nt1 because he wi%$ to deceive ev5 u1 9 :om he seem$ to place confid5ce2 = we knew t ^? ?+s _h be5 f ! days ( our fa!rs1 :i* he repres5t$ z hav+ be5 done by himself lately40#ahbf ,moreov]1 n only does ,simon deceive o!rs2 he is himself deceiv$ by demons z ,pet] twice ass]ts3#ahbg 8,he is delud$ by demons1 yet he ?9ks t he sees ! v sub/ance ( ! s\l40 8,al?\gh 9 ?is he is delud$ by demons1 yet he has p]suad$ himself t he has ! s\l ( a murd]$ boy m9i/]+ to him 9 :atev] he pleases to employ x40 ,sid5ote3 ,murd] ( a boy4 ,?is /ory ( hav+ sacrific$ a pure boy = purposes ( magic or div9ation 0 a /ock *>ge1 :i* we h previ\sly he>d made aga9/ ,apollonius ( ,tyana & :i* 0 also told ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians by _! pagan enemies & ( ! ,jews & h]etics 9 ! middle ages4 ,simon is said to h confess$ to ,niceta & ,aquila1 :5 !y ask$ h[ he work$ 8 magic1 t he receiv$ assi/ance f 8! s\l ( a boy1 unsulli$ & viol5tly sla91 & invok$ by unutt]able adjurations40 ,he w5t on to expla9 t 8! s\l ( man holds ! next place aft] ,god1 :5 once x is set free f ! d>kness ( ! body4 ,& imm$iately x acquires presci5ce1 :]e=e x is invok$ 9 necromancy40 ,:5 ,aquila ask$ :y ! s\l did n take v5geance ^u its slay] in/ead ( p]=m+ ! behe/s ( magicians1 ,simon answ]$ t ! s\l n[ _h ! la/ judgm5t too vividly be=e x to indulge 9 v5geance1 & t ! angels presid+ ov] su* s\ls d n p]mit !m to return to e>? unless 8adjur$ by someone great] ?an !mselves40#ahbh ,niceta !n indignantly int]pos$1 8,& d y n fe> ! day ( judgm5t1 :o d viol5ce to angels & invoke s\ls80 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! *>ge t ,simon _h murd]$ or viol5tly sla9 a boy is r ov]drawn1 s9ce ! boy 9 "q 0 ! "o :om he _h made f air 9 ! fir/ place & :om he simply turn$ back into air aga91 claim+1 h[ev]1 to h !reby produc$ an unsulli$ human s\l4 ,accord+ to ,! ,homilies1 h[ev]1 he pres5tly confid$ to ,niceta & ,aquila t ! human s\l did n survive ! dea? ( ! body & t a demon really respond$ to 8 invocations4#ahbi ,sid5ote3 ,magic is evil4 ,nev]!less1 ! *>ge ( murd] ?us made aga9/ ,simon illu/rates ! crim9al "* "h z usually ascrib$ to magic4 ,simon is said to be 8wick$ above measure10 & to dep5d ^u 8magic arts & wick$ devices10 & ,pet] accuses him ( 8act+ by nef>i\s arts40#ahcj ,simon 9 8 turn calls ,pet] 8a magician1 a godless man1 injuri\s1 cunn+1 ignorant1 & pr(ess+ impossibilities10 & aga9 8a magician1 a sorc]]1 a murd]]40#ahca ,sid5ote3 ,magic is an art4 ,a fur!r *>act]i/ic ( magic :i* comes out cle>ly 9 ,! ,recognitions is t x is an art4 ,demons & s\ls ( ! dead may h a great deal to d ) x1 b x also requires a human op]ator & makes use ( mat]ials drawn f ! _w ( nature4 ,x 0 by ano9t+ 8 face ) an o9tm5t :i* ! magician _h comp\nd$ t ! c\nt5ance ( ,fau/9ianus 0 trans=m$ into ! lik5ess ( ,simon1 :ile ,appion & ,anubion1 :o ano9t$ _! faces ) ! juice ( a c]ta9 h]b1 7 !reby enabl$ /ill to recognize ,fau/9ianus z himself4#ahcb ,9 ano!r passage "o ( ,simon's disciples :o has des]t$ him & come to ,pet] tells h[ ,simon _h made him c>ry on 8 back to ! sea%ore a bundle 8( 8 pollut$ & accurs$ secret ?+s40 ,simon took ! bundle out to sea 9 a boat & lat] return$ )\t x4#ahcc ,simon n only employ$ natural mat]ials 9 8 magic1 b 0 reg>d$ z a le>n$ man1 ev5 by 8 enemies4 ,he is 8by pr(ession a magician1 yet exce$+ly well tra9$ 9 ,greek lit]ature40#ahcd ,he is 8a mo/ vehem5t orator1 tra9$ 9 ! dialectic art1 & 9 ! me%es ( syllogisms2 & :at is mo/ s]i\s ( all1 he is greatly skill$ 9 ! magic art40#ahce ,& he engages ) ,pet] 9 !ological debates4 ,x is also int]e/+ to note z an illu/ration ( ! connection betwe5 magic & exp]im5tal sci5ce t ,simon1 9 boa/+ ( 8 feats ( magic1 says1 8,= already ,i h a*iev$ _m ?+s by way ( exp]im5t40#ahcf ,sid5ote3 ,o!r acc\nts ( ,simon ,magus3 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr to ,hippolytus4 ,9 ! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es we are told t ,simon int5d$ to g to ,rome1 b ,! ,recognitions & ,! ,homilies deal only ) ! conflicts betwe5 ,pet] & ,simon 9 v>i\s ,syrian cities & d n foll[ !m to ,rome1 :]e1 z o!r ,*ri/ian writ]s tell u1 !y _h yet o!r enc\nt]s 9 :i* ,simon f9ally came to 8 bitt] end4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 writ+ ab\t ! middle ( ! second c5tury1 /ates t ,simon1 a ,sam>itan ( ,gitto1 came to ,rome 9 ! reign ( ,claudius & p]=m$ su* feats ( magic by demon aid t a /atue 0 erect$ to him z a god4 ,9 ?is matt] ( ! /atue ,ju/9 is ?\ght to h confus$ ,semo ,sancus1 a ,sab9e deity1 ) ,simon4 ,ju/9 adds t almo/ all ,sam>itans & a few p]sons f o!r nations /ill believe 9 ,simon z ! fir/ ,god1 & t a disciple ( 81 nam$ ,m5&]1 deceiv$ _m by magic at ,antio*4 ,ju/9 compla9s t ! foll[]s ( ^! m5 are /ill call$ ,*ri/ians & on ! o!r h& t ! emp]ors d n p]secute !m z !y d o!r ,*ri/ians1 al?\gh ,ju/9 *>ges !m ) practic+ promiscu\s sexual int]c\rse z well z magic4#ahcg ,ir5aeus gives a v simil> acc\nt4#ahch ,orig51 z we h se51 d5i$ t !re 7 m ?an ?irty ( ,simon's foll[]s left1#ahci b 8 contempor>y ,t]tullian wrote1 8,at ?is v "t ev5 ! h]etical dupes ( ?is same ,simon are s mu* elat$ by ! extravagant pret5sions ( _! art1 t !y und]take to br+ up f ,hades ! s\ls ( ! prophets !mselves4 ,& ,i suppose t !y c d s "u cov] ( a ly+ wond]40#ahdj ,b ,orig5 & ,t]tullian add no?+ to ! /ory ( ,simon ,magus himself4 ,hippolytus1 too1 implies t ,simon /ill has foll[]s1 s9ce he devotes a numb] ( *apt]s to /at+ & refut+ ,simon's doctr9es & to 8tea*+ anew ! p>rots ( ,simon t ,*ri/ 444 0 n ,simon40#ahda ,b ,hippolytus also gives fur!r details conc]n+ ,simon's visit to ,rome1 /at+ t he !re enc\nt]$ ! apo/les & 0 repeat$ly oppos$ by ,pet]1 until f9ally ,simon decl>$ t if he 7 buri$ alive he w\ld rise aga9 ^u ! ?ird day4 ,8 disciples buri$ him1 z !y 7 direct$1 b he nev] reappe>$1 8= he 0 n ! ,*ri/40 ,sid5ote3 ,pet]'s acc\nt 9 ! ,didascalia et ,con/itutiones ,apo/olorum4 ,pet] himself is repres5t$ z briefly rec\nt+ 8 /ruggle at ,rome ) ,simon ,magus 9 ! ,didascalia ,apo/olorum1 an apocryphal "w ( probably ! ?ird c5tury1 extant 9 ,syriac & ,lat91 & m fully 9 ! p>allel passage ( ! ,greek ,con/itutiones ,apo/olorum1 writt5 p]haps ab\t #djj ,a4 ,d4#ahdb ,pet] f\nd ,simon at ,rome draw+ _m away f ! *ur* z well z s$uc+ ! ,g5tiles by 8 8magic op]ation & virtues10 or1 9 ! ,greek v]sion1 8magic exp]im5ts & ! work+ ( demons40#ahdc ,9 ! ,syriac & ,lat9 acc\nt ,pet] !n /ates t "o day he saw ,simon fly+ ?r\gh ! air4 8,& /&+ b5ea? ,i said1 #8,9 ! virtue ( ! holy "n1 ,jesus1 ,i cut (f y\r virtues4' ,& s fall+ he broke ! ar* 7?igh87 ( 8 foot 7leg8740#ahdd ,b he did n die1 s9ce ,pet] goes on to say t :ile 8_m !n dep>t$ f him1 o!rs :o 7 wor?y ( him rema9$ ) him40 ,9 ! long] ,greek v]sion ,simon ann\nc$ 8 flight 9 ! !at]4 ,:ile all eyes 7 turn$ on ,simon1 ,pet] pray$ aga9/ him4 ,mean:ile ,simon m\nt$ al(t into mid-air1 borne up1 ,pet] says1 by demons1 & tell+ ! p t he 0 asc5d+ to heav51 :5ce he w\ld return br++ !m good tid+s4 ,! p applaud$ him z a god1 b ,pet] /ret*$ =? 8 h&s to heav51 supplicat+ ,god ?r\gh ! ,"l ,jesus to da% d[n ! corrupt] & curtail ! p[] ( ! demons4 ,he ask$ fur!r1 h[ev]1 t ,simon might n be kill$ by 8 fall b m]ely bruis$4 ,pet] also address$ ,simon & ! evil p[]s :o 7 support+ him1 requir+ t he might fall & become a laugh+-/ock to ^? :o _h be5 deceiv$ by him4 ,!reupon ,simon fell ) a great commotion & bruis$ 8 bottom & ! soles ( 8 feet4 ,x w be not$ t "h1 z 9 ! acc\nts by "s o!r au?ors1 ,pet] alone /ruggles ) ,simon ,magus1 l5d+ color to ! ,tb+5 !ory once sugge/$ 9 connection ) ! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es1 t ,simon ,magus is meant to repres5t ! apo/le ,paul4 ,sid5ote3 ,arnobius1 ,cyril1 & ,phila/rius4 ,arnobius1 writ+ ab\t #cjj ,a4 ,d41 gives a some:at diff]5t acc\nt ( ,simon's mode ( flight & fall4 ,he says t ! p ( ,rome 8saw ! *>iot ( ,simon ,magus & 8 f\r fi]y horses bl[n away by ! m\? ( ,pet] & vani% at ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,!y saw1 ,i say1 him :o _h tru/$ false gods & be5 betray$ by !m 9 _! fright precipitat$ by 8 own weight & ly+ ) brok5 legs4 ,!n1 aft] he _h be5 c>ri$ to ,brunda1 worn out by 8 %ame & suff]+s1 he aga9 hurl$ himself d[n f ! highe/ ridge ( ! ro(40#ahde ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 #cae-chf ,a4 ,d41 also speaks ( ,simon's be+ borne 9 air 9 ! *>iot ( demons1 8& is n surpris$ t ! comb9$ pray]s ( ,pet] & ,paul br\ght him d[n1 s9ce 9 addition to ,jesus's promise to answ] ! petition ( two or ?ree ga!r$ toge!r x is to be rememb]$ t ,pet] c>ri$ ! keys ( heav5 & t ,paul _h be5 rapt to ! ?ird heav5 & he>d secret words40#ahdf ,phila/rius1 ano!r writ] ( ! f\r? c5tury1 describes ,simon's dea? m vaguely1 /at+ t aft] ,pet] _h driv5 him f ,j]usalem he came to ,rome :]e !y engag$ 9 ano!r conte/ be=e ,n]o4 ,simon 0 wor/$ by ,pet] on e po9t ( argum5t1 &1 8smitt5 by an angel di$ a m]it$ dea? 9 ord] t ! falsity ( 8 magic might be evid5t to all m540#ahdg ,b x is h>dly wor? :ile to pile up su* brief allusions to ,simon 9 ! writ+s ( ! fa!rs4#ahdh ,sid5ote3 ,apocryphal ,acts ( ,pet] & ,paul4 ,o!r full] acc\nts ( ,simon's do+s at ,rome are conta9$ 9 ! ,syriac ,tea*+ ( ,simon ,cephas#ahdi & 9 ! apocryphal ,acts ( ,pet] & ,paul4#ahej ,9 ! =m] ,pet] urges ! p ( ,rome n to all[ ! sorc]] ,simon to delude !m by semblances :i* are n realities1 & he raises a dead man to life aft] ,simon has fail$ to d s4 ,9 ! latt] "w ,simon opposes ,pet] & ,paul 9 ! pres5ce ( ,n]o & z usual !y *>ge "o ano!r ) be+ magicians4 ,simon also z usual affirms t he is ,*ri/1 & we are told t ! *ief prie/s _h call$ ,jesus a wiz>d4 ,simon _h already made a great impression ^u ,n]o by caus+ braz5 s]p5ts to move & /one /atues to laugh1 & by alt]+ bo? 8 face & /ature & *ang+ fir/ to a *ild & !n to an old man4 ,n]o also ass]ts t ,simon has rais$ a dead man & t ,simon himself rose on ! ?ird day aft] be+ behead$4 ,x is lat] expla9$1 h[ev]1 t ,simon _h arrang$ to h ! behead+ take place 9 a d>k corn] & ?r\gh 8 magic _h sub/itut$ a ram = himself4 ,! ram appe>$ to be ,simon until aft] x _h be5 decapitat$1 :5 ! execution] discov]$ t ! head 0 t ( a ram b did n d>e report ! fact to ,n]o4 ,:5 ,simon met ! apo/les 9 ,n]o's pres5ce1 he caus$ great dogs to ru% sudd5ly at ,pet]1 b ,pet] made !m vani% into air by %[+ !m "s bread :i* he _h be5 secretly bless+ & break+4 ,z a f9al te/ ,simon promis$ to asc5d to heav5 if ,n]o w\ld build him a t[] 9 ! ,campus ,m>tius1 :]e 8my angels may f9d me 9 ! air1 = !y _c come to me ^u e>? among s9n]s40 ,! t[] 0 duly provid$1 & ,simon1 cr[n$ ) laurel1 began to fly successfully until ,pet]1 te>fully entreat$ by ,paul to make ha/e1 adjur$ ! angels ( ,satan :o 7 support+ ,simon to let him drop4 ,simon !n fell ^u ! ,sacra ,via & 8 body 0 brok5 into f\r p>ts4#ahea ,n]o1 h[ev]1 *ose to reg>d ! apo/les z ,simon's murd]]s & put !m to dea?1 aft] :i* a ,m>cellus1 :o _h be5 ,simon's disciple b left him to jo9 ,pet]1 secretly buri$ ,pet]'s body4 ,sid5ote3 ,an acc\nt ascrib$ to ,m>cellus4 ,to ?is ,m>cellus is ascrib$ a v simil> n>rative :i* is f\nd 9 an e>ly m$ieval manuscript & 0 p]haps writt5 9 ! sev5? or eigh? c5tury4#aheb ,fabricius & ,flor5t9us give its title z1 ,( ! m>vel\s de$s & acts ( ! bless$ ,pet] & ,paul & ( ,simon's magic arts4#ahec ,i h read x 9 a ,lat9 pamphlet pr9t$ at "s "t be=e #aejj1 :]e ! full title runs3 ,! ,passion ( ! ,apo/les ,pet] & ,paul1 & _! disputation be=e ! emp]or ,n]o aga9/ ,simon1 a c]ta9 magician1 :o1 :5 he saw t he c\ld n resi/ ! utt]ances ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ca/ all 8 books ( magic into ! sea le/ he be adjudg$ a magician4 ,!n :5 ! same ,simon ,magus presum$ to asc5d to heav51 ov]come by ,/4 ,pet] he fell to e>? & p]i%$ mo/ mis]ably4 ,at its close occurs ! /atem5t1 8,i1 ,m>cellus1 a disciple ( my "l1 ! apo/le ,pet]1 h writt5 :at ,i saw40 ,:5 ?is ,m>cellus began to des]t 8 =m] ma/]1 ,simon1 to foll[ ,pet]1 ,simon procur$ a big dog to keep ,pet] away f ,m>cellus1 b at ,pet]'s ord] ! dog turn$ ^u ,simon himself4 ,pet] !n humanely =bade ! bea/ to d ,simon any s]i\s bodily injury1 b ! dog tore ! magician's clo?+ (f 8 back1 & ,simon 0 *as$ f t[n by ! mob & did n v5ture to return until aft] a ye>'s "t4#ahed ,sid5ote3 ,hegesippus4 ,a *apt] is devot$ to ,simon ,magus 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% ,w> ( ! s-call$ ,hegesippus1 a "n :i* is ?\ght to be a corruption ( ,josephus1 s9ce ! "w 9 l>ge measure reproduces t hi/orian4 ,at any rate x 0 n writt5 until ! f\r? c5tury & is probably a translation or adaptation by ,ambrose4 ,its acc\nt ( ,simon ,magus comb9es ! /ory ( 8 competition ) ,pet] 9 rais+ ! dead1 8= 9 su* works ,pet] 0 held mo/ celebrat$10 ) t ( 8 flight & fall4 ,he is repres5t$ z laun*+ 8 flight f ! ,capitol9e ,hill & leap+ (f ! ,t>peian rock4 ,! p m>vel$ at 8 flight1 "s rem>k+ t ,*ri/ _h nev] p]=m$ su* a feat z ?is4 ,b :5 ,pet] pray$ aga9/ him1 8/raightway 8 propell] 0 tangl$ up 9 ,pet]'s voice1 & he fell1 nor 0 he kill$1 b1 weak5$ by a brok5 leg1 )drew to ,aricia & di$ !re40#ahee ,sid5ote3 ,a s]mon on ,simon's fall4 ,f9ally1 pass+ ov] o!r ,lat9 acc\nts ( ! conte/ betwe5 ! apo/les & ,simon ,magus to be f\nd 9 ! ,apo/olic ,hi/ories ( ! ,pseudo-,abdias#ahef & 9 a "w ascrib$ to ,pope ,l9us1#aheg we may note a s]mon :i* has be5 v>i\sly ascrib$ 9 ! manuscripts & pr9t$ editions to ,augu/9e1 ,ambrose1 & ,maximus4#aheh ,?is s]mon1 int5d$ = ! anniv]s>y ( ! day ( m>tyrdom ( ,pet] & ,paul1 proce$s to inquire ! cause ( _! dea? & f9ds x 9 ! fact t among o!r m>vels !y 8pro/rat$ by _! pray]s t magician ,simon 9 a headlong fall f ! empty air4 ,= :5 ! same ,simon call$ himself ,*ri/ & ass]t$ t z ! ,son he c\ld asc5d unto ! ,fa!r by fly+1 &1 sudd5ly rais$ up by magic arts1 began to fly1 !n ,pet] on 8 knees pray$ ! ,"l1 & by sacr$ pray] ov]came ! magical levitation4 ,= ! pray] asc5d$ to ! ,"l be=e ! fli]1 & ! j petition arriv$ ere ! iniquit\s presumption4 ,pet]1 ,i say1 ?\gh plac$ on ! gr\nd1 obta9$ :at he s\ght be=e ,simon rea*$ ! heav5 t[>ds :i* he 0 t5d+4 ,s !n ,pet] br\ght him d[n l a captive f high 9 air1 &1 fall+ precipitately ^u a rock1 he broke 8 legs4 ,& ?is 9 contumely ( 8 feat1 s t he :o j be=e _h tri$ to fly1 ( a sudd5 c\ld n ev5 walk1 & he :o _h assum$ w+s lo/ ev5 8 feet4 ,b le/ x appe> /range t1 :ile ! apo/le 0 pres5t1 t magician %\ld fly ?r\gh ! air ev5 = a :ile1 let x be expla9$ t ?is 0 due to ,pet]'s pati5ce4 ,= he let him so> ! high] 9 ord] t he might fall ! f>!r2 = he wi%$ him to be c>ri$ al(t :]e ev]yone c\ld see him1 9 ord] t all might see him :5 he fell f on high40 ,! prea*] !n draws ! moral t pride goes be=e a fall4 ,sid5ote3 ,simon ,magus 9 m$ieval art4 ,! /ruggle ( ,pet] & ,paul ) ,simon ,magus at ,rome appe>s 9 ,! ,gold5 ,leg5d1 compil$ by ,jacopo de ,vorag9e 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & 0 likewise a favorite !me ( ,go?ic /a9$ glass4 ,at ,*>tres & ,ang]s ,pet] may be se5 r\t+ ,simon's dogs by bless+ bread2 at ,b\rges & ,lyons ,simon & ,pet] compete 9 rais+ ! dead2 :ile w9d[s at ,*>tres1 ,b\rges1 ,t\rs1 ,reims1 & ,poiti]s %[ ! apo/les pray+ & ,simon fall+ & break+ 8 neck4#ahei ,?is la/ sc5e & also ! disputation be=e ,n]o are repres5t$ 9 ! e>li] mosaics ( ! elev5? or twelf? c5tury :i* ! ,norman rul]s ( ,sicily _h execut$ 9 ! ca!dral ( ,monreale & ! royal *apel ( _! ca/le at ,pal]mo4#ahfj ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,confession ,,( ,,cyprian ,,& ,,"s ,,simil> ,,/ories ,! ,confession ( ,cyprian--,8 initiation into my/]ies--,8 ?or\gh /udy ( nature1 div9ation1 & magic--,! lore ( ,egypt--,& ( ,*aldea--,cyprian's practice ( magic at ,antio*--,a ,*ri/ian virg9 defeats ! magic ( ! demons--,summ>y ( ,cyprian's picture ( magic--,*ri/ians accus$ ( magic--,a /ory f ,epiphanius--,joseph's exp]i5ce ( miracle & magic--,leg5d ( ,/4 ,james & ,h]mog5es ! magician--,o!r conte/s ( apo/les & magicians 9 ,! ,gold5 ,leg5d4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,confession ( ,cyprian4 ,to ! acc\nts ( ! conte/s ( ,pet] & ,paul ) ,simon ,magus :i* 7 record$ 9 our la/ *apt] we %all add 9 ?is "s o!r enc\nt]s ( e>ly ,*ri/ians ) magicians1 & to ! picture ( magic conta9$ 9 ! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es t pres5t$ by ,cyprian 9 8 ,confession4 ,if ,simon ,magus di$ imp5it5t 9 ! mid/ ( 8 magic1 v diff]5t 0 ! end ( ,cyprian1 a magician by pr(ession 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 :o1 aft] be+ educat$ f *ildhood 9 hea!n my/]ies & ! magic art1 rep5t$ & 0 baptiz$1 became bi%op ( ,antio*1 & f9ally a*iev$ a m>tyr's cr[n4 ,9 ! ,confession#ahfa curr5t "u 8 "n & :i* mo/ critics agree 0 compos$ be=e ! "t ( ,con/ant9e#ahfb is describ$ 8 education 9 & subsequ5t practice ( magic4 ,= u p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ feature ( 8 acc\nt ( 8 education is ! association ( magic1 n only ) pagan my/]ies & ! op]ations ( demons1 b also ) natural sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 initiation into my/]ies4 8,i am ,cyprian10 says ! au?or1 8:o f a t5d] age 0 consecrat$ a gift to ,apollo & :ile yet a *ild 0 initiat$ into ! arts ( ! dragon40 ,:5 n yet sev5 ye>s old1 he ent]$ ! my/]ies ( ,mi?ra1 & at t5 8 p>5ts enroll$ him a citiz5 at ,a!ns1 & he c>ri$ a tor* 9 ! my/]ies ( ,demet] & 8m9i/]$ to ! dragon on ! citadel ( ,pallas40 ,:5 n yet fifte51 he also visit$ ,m\nt ,olympus = =ty days1 & 80 initiat$ into sonor\s spee*es & noisy n>rations40#ahfc ,!re he saw 9 phantasy trees & h]bs :i* seem$ to be mov$ by ! pres5ce ( ! gods1 spirits :o regulat$ ! passage ( "t1 & *oruses ( demons :o sang1 :ile o!rs wag$ w> or plott$1 deceiv$1 & p]meat$4#ahfd ,he saw ! phalanx ( ea* god & goddess1 & h[ f ,m\nt ,olympus z f a palace spirits 7 despat*$ to e nation ( ! e>?4 ,he 0 f$ only aft] sunset & ^u fruits1 & 0 taught ! efficacy ( ea* ( !m by sev5 hi]ophants4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 ?or\gh /udy ( nature1 div9ation1 & magic4 ,cyprian's p>5ts 7 det]m9$ t he %\ld le>n :atev] !re 0 9 e>? & air & sea1 & n m]ely ! natural g5]ation & corruption ( h]bs & trees & bodies1 b also ! virtues implant$ 9 all ^!1 :i* ! pr9ce ( ?is _w impress$ ^u !m 9 ord] t he might oppose ! div9e con/itution4 ,cyprian also p>ticipat$ at ,argos 9 ! sacr$ rites ( ,h]a1 & saw ! union ( air ) e!r & ( e!r ) air1 also ( e>? ) wat]1 & wat] ) air4 ,he p5etrat$ ! ,troad & to ,artemis ,tauropolos :o is at ,lac$aemon to le>n h[ matt] 0 confus$ & divid$ 8& ! pr(undities ( s9i/] & cruel leg5ds40 ,f ! ,phrygians he le>n$ liv] div9ation2 among ! b>b>ians he /udi$ auspices & ! significance ( ! movem5ts ( quadrup$s1 & h[ to int]pret om5s & ! language ( birds1 & ! s\nds made by e k9d ( wood & /one1 or by ! dead 9 tombs & ! creak+ ( doors4 ,he became acqua9t$ ) ! palpitations ( ! limbs1 ! movem5t ( ! blood & pulse 9 bodies1 all ! ext5sions & coroll>ies ( ratios & numb]s1 diseases simulat$ z well z natural1 8& oa?s :i* are he>d yet are n audible1 & pacts = discord40 ,!re 01 9 f9e1 no?+ :atev] 9 e>? or sea or air t he did n "k1 :e!r x 0 a matt] ( sci5ce or phantasy1 ( me*anics or artifice1 8ev5 d[n to ! magic translation ( writ+s & o!r ?+s ( t sort40 ,sid5ote3 ,! lore ( ,egypt4 ,at tw5ty ,cyprian 0 admitt$ to ! %r9es at anci5t ,memphis 9 ,egypt & le>n$ :at communication & relation%ip exi/$ betwe5 demons & e>?ly ?+s & 89 :at />s & laws & objects !y delight40 ,he witness$ imitations ( e>?quakes1 ra91 & /orms at sea4 ,he saw ! s\ls ( giants held 9 d>kness & fanci$ t !y su/a9$ ! e>? z a load on _! %\ld]s4 ,he saw ! communications ( s]p5ts ) demons1 ideas ( transfigurations1 impi\s piety1 sci5ce )\t reason1 iniquit\s ju/ice1 & ?+s topsy-turvy g5]ally4 ,besides ! =ms ( v>i\s s9s & vices1 su* z =nication & av>ice1 :i* sugge/ ! m$ieval p]sonification ( ! sev5 deadly s9s1 he saw ! ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five v>ieties ( ailm5ts1 8& ! empty glory & ! empty virtue0 ) :i* ! prie/s ( ,egypt _h deceiv$ ! ,greek philosoph]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,& ( ,*aldea4 ,at ?irty ,cyprian left ,egypt = ,*aldea 9 ord] to acquire its lore conc]n+ air1 fire1 & light4 ,"h he 0 in/ruct$ 9 ! qualities ( />s z well z ( h]bs1 & _! 8*oruses l drawn-up battle l9es40 ,he 0 taught ! h\se & relation%ips ( ea* /> & its appropriate food & dr9k4 ,also ! meet+s ( spirits ) m5 9 light1 ! ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five demons :o divide z _m p>ts ( ! e!r betwe5 !m1 & ! sacrifices1 libations1 & words appropriate to ea*4 ,cyprian's education _h n[ advanc$ to su* a po9t t ! devil himself hail$ him1 m]e y\? z he 01 z a new ,jambres1 a skilful & reliable practition]1 & wor?y ( communication ) himself4 ,cyprian aga9 expla9s at ?is po9t t 9 all ! />s & plants & o!r works ( ,god ! devil has b\nd to himself lik5esses 9 prep>ation to wage w> ) ,god & ,8 angels1 b ^! lik5esses are %ad[y images1 n solid sub/ances4 ,! devil's ra9 is n wat]1 8 fire does n burn1 8 fi% are n food1 & 8 gold is n g5u9e4 ,! devil obta9s ! mat]ial = 8 products f ! vapors ( sacrifices4 ,sid5ote3 ,cyprian's practice ( magic at ,antio*4 ,cyprian n[ return$ f ,*aldea & wr\ght m>vels at ,antio* 8l "o ( ! anci5ts10 & 8made _m exp]im5ts ( magic & became celebrat$ z a magician & philosoph] end[$ ) va/ k ( ?+s invisible40 ,m5 came to him to be taught magic or to secure _! ends by 8 assi/ance4 ,& he easily help$ !m all1 "s to ! gratification ( pleasure1 o!rs to triumph ov] _! adv]s>ies or ev5 to slay _! rivals4 ,8 consci5ce sometimes prick$ him at ! evil de$s :i* he ?us wr\ght ) ! aid ( demons1 b z yet he did n d\bt t ! devil 0 all p[]ful4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,*ri/ian virg9 defeats ! magic ( ! demons4 ,b !n ! case ( ! ,*ri/ian girl ,ju/9a reveal$ to him ! weakness & fraud ( ! devil4 ,det]m9$ to d$icate h]self to a life ( virg9ity1 ,ju/9a repuls$ ! love ( ! y\? ,aglades1 :o s\ght ,cyprian's assi/ance4 ,b 9 va93 ! demon fail$ to alt] ,ju/9a's det]m9ation & 0 n ev5 able to give ano!r girl ! =m ( ,ju/9a & s deceive ,aglades4 ,ju/9a 0 %[n ! =m ( h] lov]1 b %e call$ ^u ! ,virg91 & ! devil 0 =c$ to vani% 9 smoke4 ,nor did disease & o!r plagues & torm5ts affect h] resolution4 ,h] p>5ts1 h[ev]1 7 simil>ly afflict$ until !y bes\ght h] to m>ry ,aglades1 b in/ead %e cur$ !m ( _! ailm5ts by ! sign ( ! cross4 ,! devil !n inflict$ a plague on ! entire community & deliv]$ an oracle to ! effect t ! pe/ c\ld be /ay$ only by ! m>riage ( ,ju/9a & ,aglades1 b h] pray]s turn$ ! wra? ( ! public f h]self aga9/ ,cyprian4 ,:5 ! magician 9 disgu/ curs$ ! demon = ! evil pass to :i* he _h ?us br\ght him1 ! demon made a f]oci\s attack ^u him1 f :i* ,cyprian sav$ himself j 9 ! nick ( "t by call+ ^u ,god = aid & mak+ ! sign ( ! cross4 ,he !n publicly confess$ 8 crimes z a magician1 burn$ 8 books ( magic1 & 0 baptiz$ into ! ,*ri/ian fai?4#ahfe ,sid5ote3 ,summ>y ( ,cyprian's picture ( magic4 ,cyprian's ,confession ?us repres5ts magic z a v elaborate art1 requir+ long /udy & a ?or\gh k ( natural objects & processes4 ,! magician has 8 books1 & he mu/ also be able to read ! book ( nature4 ,a/rology & o!r arts ( div9ation are integral p>ts ( magic4 ,b magic is also repres5t$ z ! "w ( evil spirits4 ,?is involves n m]ely a ,neo-,platonic sort ( association ( demons ) natural =ces & regions ( e>? or sky1 b also ! specific association ( ! devil = evil purposes ) objects 9 nature1 a doctr9e :i* we %all f9d aga9 9 ! works ( a m$ieval sa9t1 ,hildeg>d ( ,b+54 ,fur!rmore1 magic aids 9 ! commission ( crime & is dang]\s ev5 to ! magician aga9/ :om ! devil may turn4 ,:ile magic involves /udy ( nature & use ( natural =ces & associations1 & we also he> ( 8_m exp]im5ts ( magic10 x is sc>cely repres5t$ z op]at+ sci5tifically 9 ! ,confession4 ,x is my/ic1 confus$1 %ad[y1 imitative1 imag9>y1 lack+ 9 solidity & reality1 fraudul5t & deceptive4 ,f9ally1 ?is complex art1 ?is univ]sal sy/em ( k1 is easily balk$ & ov]?r[n by ! f> simpl] c\nt]-magic ( ,*ri/ianity1 by su* me?ods z a pray] to ! ,virg91 call+ on ! "n ( ,god1 or m]ely mak+ ! sign ( ! cross4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/ians accus$ ( magic4 ,su* c\nt]-magic 0 apt to be reg>d$ z magic by ! pagans1 & ! acc\nt ( ! m>tyrdom ( ,cyprian /ates t ! devil1 t 8v bad s]p5t10 sugge/$ to ! ,c\nt ( ! ,ori5t t ,cyprian1 toge!r ) a c]ta9 virg9 :o is assum$ to be ,ju/9a1 0 de/roy+ ! anci5t wor%ip ( ! gods by 8 magic tricks z well z /irr+ up ! ori5t & ! :ole _w by 8 epi/les4 ,he 0 accord+ly arre/$ & f9ally behead$4 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt he & ,ju/9a 7 fir/ plac$ toge!r 9 a cauldron ( tall[ & pit* ov] a fire4 ,b :5 !y sang a hymn1 ! flames left !m un9jur$ & in/ead %ot out & caus$ ! dea? ( an unre=m$ magician :o happ5$ to be /&+ ne> by4#ahff ,ano!r case ( ,*ri/ian m>tyrs :o 7 probably accus$ ( magic is f\nd 9 ,spa9 ab\t #bhg ,a4 ,d4 ,two ,*ri/ian si/]s :o 7 deal]s 9 pott]y refus$ to sell _! e>!nw>e = purposes ( pagan wor%ip4 ,"o day1 z a pagan religi\s procession pass$ by _! %op1 ! cr[d trampl$ ^u _! w>es :i* 7 expos$ = sale4 ,b !reupon ! idol :i* 0 be+ borne 9 ! procession fell & broke 9 pieces4 8,be+ probably suspect$ ( magical practices10 ! two si/]s 7 arre/$2 "o di$ 9 prison & ! o!r 0 /rangl$2 :]eupon ! bi%op rescu$ _! bones1 & ^! 7 *]i%$ z ! rema9s ( m>tyrs4#ahfg ,sid5ote3 ,a /ory f ,epiphanius4 ,epiphanius 9 ! next c5tury tells a /ory simil> to t ( ,cyprian1 ,aglades1 & ,ju/9a1 ( a y\? :o 0 l$ a/ray by evil companions :o employ$ magic arts1 love philt]s1 & incantations to =ce free wom5 to gratify _! lic5ti\s desires4 ,by means ( magic ! y\? w5t ?r\gh ! air to a v beautiful woman 9 ! public ba?1 b %e repell$ him by mak+ ! sign ( ! cross4 ,8 companions !n tri$ to devise "s m p[]ful magic = 8 b5efit1 & took him at sunset to a cemet]y full ( caves :]e = ?ree successive nights ! wiz>ds va9ly pli$ _! arts 9 ! attempt to gratify 8 lu/4 ,b 9 e in/ance !y 7 foil$ by ! "n ( ,*ri/ & ! sign ( ! cross4#ahfh ,sid5ote3 ,joseph's exp]i5ce ( miracle & magic4 ,joseph1 ! gu>dian ( ?is same "y man1 f9ally became conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity aft] ,*ri/ _h appe>$ repeat$ly to him 9 dreams & cur$ him ( diseases & aft] he himself1 by employ+ ! "n ( ,jesus1 _h cur$ a man ( a demoniacal possession :i* made him g %amelessly ab\t ! t[n 9 a nude /ate4 ,aft] 8 conv]sion1 ,joseph />t$ to complete z a ,*ri/ian *ur* an unf9i%$ /ructure 9 ,tib]ias call$ ! ,adrianaion1 :i* ! citiz5s previ\sly _h tri$ to conv]t into a public ba?4 ,:5 ! ,jews endeavor$ to ru9 8 und]tak+ by bewit*+ ! furnaces :i* he _h erect$ = ! prep>ation ( quick-lime1 he c\nt]act$ _! magic by mak+ ! sign ( ! cross1 spr9kl+ 8 furnaces ) holy wat]1 & say+ 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 8,let !re be p[] 9 ?is wat] to c\nt]act all ph>macy & magic employ$ by ^! m5 & to in/ill suffici5t en]gy into ! fire to complete ! h\se ( ! ,"l40 ,) t 8 fires blaz$ up viol5tly4#ahfi ,sid5ote3 ,leg5d ( ,/4 ,james & ,h]mog5es ! magician4 ,v simil> bo? to ! ,confession ( ,cyprian & ! /ory ( ,simon ,magus is ! leg5d ( ,/4 ,james ! ,great & ,h]mog5es ! magician1 :i* is f\nd 9 ,! ,gold5 ,leg5d & :i* 0 (t5 reproduc$ 9 m$ieval /a9$ glass w9d[s4#ahgj ,james conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity a disciple ( ,h]mog5es :om ! magician _h s5t aga9/ him :5 he 0 prea*+ 9 ,judea4 ,:5 ! angry wiz>d ca/ a spell ov] 8 er/:ile disciple1 ! latt] 0 fre$ by means ( ,/4 ,james's cloak4 ,:5 ! magician s5t demons to fet* bo? ! conv]t & ! sa9t1 ,james made !m br+ ,h]mog5es to him in/ead1 b !n set him free1 tell+ him t ,*ri/ians return$ good = evil4 ,h]mog5es n[ fe>$ ! v5geance t ! demons w\ld take ^u himself1 & s ,james gave 8 /aff to him to protect himself )4 ,soon aft]w>ds ,h]mog5es ?rew all 8 books ( magic into ! sea & 0 baptiz$4 ,sid5ote3 ,o!r conte/s ( apo/les & magicians 9 ,! ,gold5 ,leg5d4 8,9 ,! ,gold5 ,leg5d10 9 fact1 z ,mle says1 8almo/ all ! apo/les h to cont5d ) magicians4 ,b x is ,/4 ,simon & ,/4 ,jude :o /rive ) ! mo/ =midable ( sorc]]s1 & !y *all5ge him ev5 9 ! v sanctu>y ( magic art1 ! temple ( ! ,sun at ,suanir1 ne> ,babylon4 ,undismay$ by ! sci5ce ( ,zoroa/] & ,aphaxad1 !y =etell ! future1 !y cause a new-born babe to speak1 !y subdue tig]s & s]p5ts1 & f a /atue !y ca/ out a demon1 :i* %[s itself 9 ! %ape ( a black ,e?iopian & flees utt]+ rauc\s cries40#ahga ,if ?is la/ exorcism rem9ds u some:at ( ! exploits ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 /ill m d ! p]=mances ( ,/4 ,&rew1 :o 8mu/ surpass all ! m>vels ( ! magicians be=e he c conv]t ,asia & ,greece4 ,he drives away sev5 demons :o 9 ! %ape ( sev5 great dogs desolate ! t[n ( ,nicaea1 & he exorcises a _s :i* dwells 9 ! !rmae & is wont to /rangle ! ba!rs40#ahgb ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,orig5 ,,& ,,celsus ,celsus' *>ges ( magic aga9/ ,*ri/ianity--,hebrew magic z depict$ by ,celsus--,v>i\s recrim9ations ( magic--,orig5's di/9ction betwe5 miracles & magic--,orig5 frees ,jews z well z ,*ri/ians f ! *>ge ( magic--,celsus' sceptical description ( magic--,celsus sugge/s a connection betwe5 magic & occult virtues 9 nature--,celsus on magicians & demons--,orig5 ascribes magic to demons--,magic is an elaborate art--,! ,magi ( ,scripture 7 n diff]5t f o!r magicians--,orig5's ,biblical comm5t>ies--,balaam & ! p[] ( words--,limitations to ! p[] ( ,ph>aoh's magicians--,0 ,balaam a prophet ( ,god or a magician8--,balaam's magic exp]im5ts--,limitations to 8 magic p[]--,div9e prophecy di/9ct f magic & div9ation--,! v5triloqui/ really invok$ ,samuel = ,saul--,*ri/ians less affect$ by magic ?an philosoph]s are--,_! sup]/iti\s me?ods aga9/ magic--,incantations--,! p[] ( words--,orig5 admits a connection betwe5 ! p[] ( words & magic--,jewi% & ,*ri/ian employm5t ( p[]ful names is really magic--,celsus' !ory ( demons--,orig5 calls demons wick$--,b believes 9 presid+ angels--,a law ( spiritual gravitation--,attitude ( ,celsus t[>d a/rology--,attitude ( ,orig5 t[>d a/rology--,fur!r discussion 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis--,problems ( ! wat]s above ! firmam5t & ( "o or m heav5s--,augury1 dreams1 & prophecy--,animals & gems--,orig5 lat] accus$ ( c\nt5anc+ magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,celsus' *>ges ( magic aga9/ ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ! celebrat$ "w ( ,orig5 ,aga9/ ,celsus1#ahgc writt5 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ?ird c5tury1 ! subject ( magic is (t5 t\*$ ^u1 l>gely because ,celsus 9 8 ,true ,disc\rse _h s frequ5tly br\ght *>ges ( magic aga9/ ,jesus1 ,8 ,*ri/ian foll[]s1 & ! ,jewi% p f :om !y _h sprung4 ,celsus _h call$ ,jesus 8a wick$ & ,god-hat$ sorc]]02#ahgd _h cont5d$ t ,8 miracles 7 wr\ght by magic1 n by div9e p[]2#ahge & _h comp>$ !m unfavorably1 z less wond]ful1 to ! tricks p]=m$ by juggl]s & ,egyptians 9 ! middle ( m>ket-places4#ahgf ,x 0 ! op9ion ( ,celsus t ,jesus 9 w>n+ ,8 disciples t 8!re %all arise false ,*ri/s & false prophets1 & %all %[ great signs & wond]s10 _h tacitly convict$ ,himself ( ! same magical practices4#ahgg ,celsus1 = 8 "p1 w>n$ ! ,*ri/ians t !y 8mu/ %un all deceiv]s & juggl]s :o w introduce y to phantoms02#ahgh he accus$ !m ( employ+ incantations & ! names ( c]ta9 demons2#ahgi he ass]t$ t he _h se5 9 ! h&s ( ,*ri/ian presbyt]s 8b>b>\s books conta9+ ! names & m>vel\s op]ations ( demons10 & t ^! presbyt]s 8pr(ess$ to d no good1 b all t 0 calculat$ to injure human be+s40#ahhj ,sid5ote3 ,hebrew magic z depict$ by ,celsus ,celsus reg>d$ ,moses equally ) ,jesus z a wiz>d1#ahha & he evid5tly1 l ,juv5al & o!r classical writ]s1 consid]$ ! ,jews & ,syrians z a race ( *>latans1 especially giv5 to sup]/ition1 sorc]y1 incantations1 ambigu\s oracles & conjuration ( spirits4 8,!y wor%ip angels10 he decl>$1 8& are addict$ to sorc]y1 9 :i* ,moses 0 _! in/ructor40#ahhb ,he /at$ t ! ,jews trac$ back _! orig9 to 8! fir/ g5]ation ( ly+ wiz>ds10 by :i* phrase ,orig5 ?9ks he ref]r$ to ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 ^: names ,orig5 admits are mu* employ$ 9 ! magic arts4#ahhc ,celsus fur!r *>act]iz$ ! ,jews z 8bl9d$ by "s crook$ sorc]y1 or dream+ dreams ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( %ad[y spect]s10#ahhd & z 8induc$ to b[ d[n to ! angels 9 heav5 by ! incantations employ$ by juggl]y & sorc]y1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* c]ta9 phantoms appe> 9 ob$i5ce to ! spells employ$ by ! magicians40#ahhe ,celsus1 also1 9 describ+ ! _m self-/yl$ prophets1 ,r$eem]s1 & ,sons ( ,god 9 ! ,pho5icia & ,pale/9e ( 8 own "t1 /ates t !y make use ( 8/range1 fanatical1 & q un9telligible words1 ( :i* no rational p]son c f9d any mean+10#ahhf & t ^? prophets :om he himself _h he>d _h aft]w>ds confess$ to him t ^! words 8really meant no?+40#ahhg ,yet ev5 ! ,*ri/ians--,celsus compla9s--:o condemn all o!r oracles1 reg>d z m>vel\s & accept unque/ion+ly 8^? say+s :i* 7 utt]$ or 7 n utt]$ 9 ,judea aft] ! mann] ( t c\ntry1 z inde$ !y are /ill deliv]$ among ! peoples ( ,pho5icia & ,pale/9e40#ahhh ,sid5ote3 ,v>i\s recrim9ations ( magic4 ,to ^! accusations ( ,celsus ,orig5 himself adds t ! ,jews affirm t ,jesus pass$ ,himself (f z ,*ri/ by means ( sorc]y1#ahhi :ile ! ,egyptians *>ge ,moses & ! ,hebrews ) ! practice ( sorc]y dur+ _! /ay 9 ,egypt4#ahij ,orig51 on ! o!r h&1 speaks ( 8! magical arts & rites ( ! ,egyptians0 & holds t x 0 by div9e aid & n by sup]ior magic t ,moses prevail$ ov] ,ph>aoh's magicians4#ahia ,celsus = 8 "p _h accus$ ,jesus dur+ ,8 resid5ce 9 ,egypt ( 8hav+ !re acquir$ "s miracul\s p[]s1 on :i* ! ,egyptians greatly pride !mselves40#ahib ,sid5ote3 ,orig5's di/9ction betwe5 miracles & magic4 ,orig5 repudiates ! *>ges ( magic made aga9/ ,*ri/ & ,8 foll[]s z sl&]s4 ,he ass]ts t ,*ri/ianity on ! contr>y /rictly =bids ! practice ( magic arts1#ahic & t ^! lo/ mu* ( _! =ce at ! bir? ( ,*ri/4#ahid ,he cont5ds t no magician w\ld tea* su* noble doctr9es z ^? ( ,*ri/ianity4#ahie ,orig5 goes s f> z to d5y t ev5 ! 8false ,*ri/s & false prophets10 :o 8%all %[ great signs & wond]s10 w be sorc]]s1 & he /ates t no sorc]] has ev] claim$ to be ,*ri/#ahif--;an amaz+ ass]tion 9 view ( 8 own allusions to ,simon ,magus4 ,works ( magic & miracles1 ,orig5 affirms1 are no m alike ?an are a wolf & a dog or a wood-pigeon & a dove4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 s closely relat$ t if "o admits ! reality ( magic he mu/ also believe 9 div9e miracles1 j z ! exi/5ce ( sophi/ry proves t !re is su* a ?+ z s\nd argum5t & an art ( dialectic4#ahig ,moreov]1 9 "o passage ,orig5 admits t 8!re w\ld inde$ be a resemblance0 betwe5 miracles & magic1 8if ,jesus1 l ! deal]s 9 magic arts1 _h p]=m$ ,8 works only = %[2 b n[ !re is n a s+le juggl] :o1 by means ( 8 proce$+s1 invites 8 spectators to re=m _! mann]s1 or tra9s ^? to ! fe> ( ,god :o are amaz$ at :at !y see1 nor :o tries to p]suade !m s to live z m5 :o are to be ju/ifi$ by ,god40#ahih ,on ! contr>y1 ,orig5 ass]ts t ! magicians' 8own lives are full ( ! grosse/ & mo/ notori\s s9s40 ,sid5ote3 ,orig5 frees ,jews z well z ,*ri/ians f ! *>ge ( magic4 ,s9ce x is "o ( ,orig5's *ief conc]ns to uphold ,hebrew prophecy z a pro( ( ,*ri/'s div9ity1 al?\gh ,celsus subjects ! argum5t f prophecy to ridicule2 to def5d ! ,old ,te/am5t aga9/ ,celsus' attacks z an inspir$ record ( great] antiquity ?an ,greek philosophy1 hi/ory1 & lit]ature1 :i* he ass]ts h /ol5 tru?s f x2 & to ma9ta9 t 8!re is no discrepancy betwe5 ! ,god ( ! ,gospel & ! ,god ( ! ,law03#ahii--s9ce ?is is s1 x is incumb5t ^u him to rebut also ! accusations ( magic laid by ,celsus at ! door ( ! ,jews4 ,orig5 !re=e ass]ts t ! ,jews 8despis$ all k9ds ( div9ation z t :i* bewit*es m5 to no purpose10 & cites ! prohibition ( ,leviticus 7xix1 #ca7 aga9/ wiz>ds & famili> spirits4#aijj ,sid5ote3 ,celsus' sceptical description ( magic4 ,! ,reply to ,celsus is ( especial int]e/ to u because x pres5ts z x 7 9 p>allel columns = our inspection ! classical & ! ,*ri/ian conceptions ( & attitudes t[>ds magic4 ,be=e proce$+1 !re=e1 to inquire h[ f> ju/ifi$ ,orig5 seems to be 9 ?us acquitt+1 or ,celsus1 on ! o!r h&1 9 condemn+ ,*ri/ians & ,jews on ! *>ge ( magic1 x is ess5tial to note :at magic means = ei!r au?or4 ,bo? evid5tly reg>d x z a t]m ( reproa* & z usually evil 9 "*4#aija ,celsus li/s z feats ( magic ! expell+ ( demons & diseases f m51 or ! sudd5 production ( tables1 di%es1 & food z = an exp5sive banquet1 or ( animals :o move ab\t z if alive4 ,celsus1 h[ev]1 seems to speak ) a sne] ( 8_! mo/ v5]at$ arts0 & describes ! banquet di%es z 8da9ties hav+ no real exi/5ce0 & ! animals z 8n really liv+ b hav+ only ! appe>ance ( life40 ,!re=e ! ensu+ comm5t ( ,orig5 seems unusually /upid or unfair1 :5 he tries to convict ,celsus ( inconsi/5cy on ! gr\nd t 8by ^! expressions he all[s z x 7 ! exi/5ce ( magic10 :]eas ,orig5 h9ts t x 0 he 8:o wrote sev]al books aga9/ x40 8,^! expressions0 are1 on ! contr>y1 precisely ^? :i* a man :o _h attack$ magic z deceptive w\ld use4 ,celsus fur!r /at$ t an ,egyptian nam$ ,dionysius _h told him t magic arts _h p[] 8only ov] ! un$ucat$ & m5 ( corrupt morals10 b _h no effect ^u philosoph]s1 8because !y 7 c>eful to obs]ve a heal?y mann] ( life40#aijb ,celsus himself obs]v$ t 8^? :o 9 m>ket-places p]=m mo/ disreputable tricks & collect cr[ds ar\nd !m 444 w\ld nev] approa* an assembly ( wise m540#aijc ,x 0 at ! reque/ ( a ,celsus1 moreov]1 t ! second c5tury satiri/ ,lucian wrote 8 ,alex&] or ,pseudomantis#aijd 9 :i* "s ( ! tricks ( a magician-impo/or & oracle-mong] are expos$1 & 9 :i* allusion is made to ! 8excell5t treatises aga9/ ! magicians0 writt5 by ,celsus himself4 ,x seems reasonably c]ta9 t ! ,celsus ( ,lucian & ! ,celsus ( ,orig5 are id5tical1 z !re are no *ronological difficulties & ! same po9t ( view is ascrib$ 9 ei!r case to ,celsus1 :om bo? ,lucian & ,orig5 reg>d z an ,epicurean or at lea/ 9 sympa?y ) ! ,epicureans4 ,gal51 9 a treatise 9 :i* he li/s 8 own writ+s1 m5tions an 8,epi/le to ,celsus ! ,epicurean40#aije ,?is1 too1 might be ! same man4 ,sid5ote3 ,celsus sugge/s a connection betwe5 magic & occult virtues 9 nature4 ,ano!r passage 9 :i* ,celsus1 accord+ to ,orig5 at lea/1 8mix$ up toge!r matt]s :i* belong to magic & sorc]y0 runs z foll[s3 8,:at ne$ to numb] up all ^? :o h taught me?ods ( purification1 or expiatory hymns1 or spells = av]t+ evil1 or images1 or resemblances ( demons1 or ! v>i\s sorts ( antidotes aga9/ poison 9 clo?+1 or 9 numb]s1 or /ones1 or plants1 or roots1 or g5]ally 9 all k9ds ( ?+s80#aijf ,9 ano!r passage ,celsus aga9 closely connect$ sorc]y ) ! k ( occult virtues 9 nature1 argu+ t m5 ne$ n pride !mselves ^u _! p[] ( sorc]y :5 s]p5ts & eagles "k ( antidotes to poisons & amulets & ! virtues ( c]ta9 /ones :i* help to pres]ve _! "y4#aijg ,orig5 objects t x is n cu/om>y to use ! ^w sorc]y 77 = su* ?+s1 & sugge/s t ,celsus is su* an 8,epicurean10 i4 e41 s sceptical1 t he wi%es to discr$it all ^? o!r beliefs & practices 8z re/+ only on ! pr(essions ( sorc]]s40 ,b we h already _h pro( en\gh 9 o!r *apt]s t ,celsus 0 n unju/ifi$ 9 connect+ ! occult virtue ( natural objects ) magic1 if n ) sorc]y4 ,sid5ote3 ,celsus on magicians & demons4 ,celsus1 z we %all see1 believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( demons :om1 h[ev]1 he did n reg>d z necess>ily evil spirits1 & :om he probably reg>d$ z above any connection ) magic4 ,orig5 once says t if ,celsus 8_h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( demons0 & _! op]ations 9 ! magic arts1 he w\ld n h blam$ ,*ri/ians = n wor%ip+ !m4#aijh ,! natural inf]5ce f ?is /atem5t is t ,celsus did n associate demons ) magic4 ,orig51 h[ev]1 depicts him z 8speak+ ( ^? :o employ ! arts ( magic & sorc]y & :o invoke ! b>b>\s names ( demons10#aiji & we h already he>d him c5sure c]ta9 ,*ri/ian presbyt]s = _! 8b>b>\s books conta9+ ! names & m>vel\s do+s ( demons40#aiaj ,x !re=e becomes evid5t t magicians attempt to avail !mselves ( ! aid ( demons1 :e!r ,celsus believes t !y succe$ 9 _! attempt or n4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig5 ascribes magic to demons4 ,orig5 at any rate believes t magicians are aid$ by evil spirits1 & = him demons became ! p>am\nt factor 9 magic1 j z x is !y :o are wor%ip$ 9 pagan temples z gods & :o inspire ! pagan oracles4#aiaa ,inde$1 j z ,celsus has kept call+ ! ,*ri/ians sorc]]s1 s ,orig5 is incl9$ to label all hea!n religions1 rites1 & c]emonies z magic4 ,he quotes ! ,psalmi/ z say+ t 8all ! gods ( ! hea!n are demons40#aiab ,he /ates t ! d$ication ( pagan temples1 /atues1 & ! l are accompani$ by 8curi\s magical incantations 444 p]=m$ by ^? :o zeal\sly s]ve ! demons ) magic arts40#aiac ,div9ation 9 g5]al1 he believes1 8proce$s r f wick$ demons ?an f any?+ ( a bett] nature40#aiad ,he does n ?9k ( magic z a deception1 he does n endeavor to expose its frauds1 he accepts its m>vels z facts1 b decl>es t 8magic & sorc]y are produc$ by wick$ spirits1 held spellb\nd by elaborate incantations & yield+ !mselves to sorc]]s40#aiae ,orig5 seems 9 d\bt :e!r ! demons are co]c$ by ! spells & *>ms ( magic or yield !mselves will+ly4#aiaf ,sid5ote3 ,magic is an elaborate art4 ,z we %all see1 ,orig5 is at lea/ ready to attribute great p[] to incantations1 & he does n d5y t magic is an elaborate art4 ,) su* v>i\s arts ( magic he contra/s ! simplicity ( ,*ri/ian pray]s & adjurations 8:i* ! pla9e/ p]son c use10 or ! ,*ri/ian ca/+ out ( demons :i* is p]=m$ = ! mo/ "p by 8unlett]$ p]sons40#aiag ,orig5 also sugge/s t ! natural prop]ties ( plants & animals are a factor 9 magic1 :5 he cites ,num5ius ! ,py?agorean's description ( ! ,egyptian deity ,s]apis4 8,he p>takes ( ! ess5ce ( all ! animals & plants t are "u ! control ( nature1 t he may appe> to h be5 fa%ion$ into a god1 n only by ! image-mak]s ) ! aid ( pr(ane my/]ies & juggl+ tricks employ$ to invoke demons1 b also by magicians & sorc]]s 7 7 & ^? demons :o are bewit*$ by _! incantations40#aiah ,ano!r passage po9t+ 9 ! same direction is ,orig5's description ( 8! man :o is curi\sly inquisitive ab\t ! names ( demons1 _! p[]s & ag5cy1 ! incantations1 ! h]bs prop] to !m1 & ! /ones ) ! inscriptions grav5 on !m1 correspond+ symbolically or o!rwise to _! traditional %apes40#aiai ,?us al?\gh ,orig5 lays ! emphasis ^u demons1 we see t he admits mo/ ( ! o!r cu/om>y elem5ts 9 magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,magi ( ,scripture 7 n diff]5t f o!r magicians4 ,orig5 does n1 l ,philo ,judaeus1 ,apuleius & "s ,*ri/ian writ]s1 di/+ui% two uses ( ! ^w magic1 "o good & "o evil4 ,he does n diff]5tiate betwe5 vulg> magic & malignant sorc]y on ! "o h& & ! lore ( le>n$ ,magi ( ! ea/ on ! o!r h&4 ,he simply says t ! art ( magic gets its "n f ! ,magi & t f !m its evil influ5ce has be5 transmitt$ to o!r nations4#aibj ,celsus _h rank$ ! ,magi among div9ely inspir$ nations b ,orig5 objects to ?is4 ,yet he recognizes t ! wise m5 ( ! ea/ :o foll[$ ! /> ( ,be?lehem & came to wor%ip ! infant ,*ri/ 7 ,magi4#aiba ,b he seems to reg>d !m z ord9>y magicians1 :o 7 accu/om$ to invoke evil spirits4#aibb ,he ?9ks t ! com+ ( ,*ri/ dispell$ ! demons & h9d]$ ! ,magi's spells & *>ms f work+ z usual4 ,try+ to f9d ! reason = ?is1 !y w\ld note ! new /> 9 ! sky4 ,orig5 w n admit t !y c\ld d all ?is by means ( a/rology1 nor ev5 t !y 7 a/rolog]s at all2 he accuses ,celsus ( blund]+ 9 call+ !m ,*aldeans or a/rolog]s4#aibc ,r he ?9ks t !y c\ld f9d an explanation ( ! /> 9 ! prophecies ( ,balaam#aibd :i* !y possess$ & :i* pr$ict$1 z ,moses too records1#aibe 8,!re %all arise a /> out ( ,jacob1 & a man 7or1 z 9 ! ,k+ ,james' v]sion1 a scept]7 %all rise up out ( ,israel40#aibf ,9 ano!r treatise ?an ! ,reply to ,celsus ,orig5 fur!r expla9s t ! ,magi 7 desc5d$ f ,balaam & s own$ 8 writt5 prophecies4#aibg ,balaam 0 p]haps allud+ to ^! v ,magi desc5d$ f him :o came to adore ,jesus :5 he prophesi$ t 8 se$ %\ld be z ! se$ ( ! j4#aibh ,orig5 seems to h be5 ! fir/ ( ! *ur* fa!rs to /ate ! numb] ( ^! ,magi z ?ree1 :i* he does 9 "o ( 8 homilies on ! ,book ( ,g5esis4#aibi ,sid5ote3 ,orig5's ,biblical comm5t>ies4 ,at ?is po9t inde$1 we may well turn = a little :ile f ! ,reply to ,celsus to ^? ,biblical comm5t>ies ( ,orig5 :]e he discusses su* ,old ,te/am5t passages connect$ ) magic z ! /ories ( ,balaam & ( ! wit* ( ,endor or v5triloqui/4 ,! comm5t>y ( ,orig5 ^u ! ,book ( ,numb]s is extant only 9 ! ,lat9 translation by ,ruf9us1 :o lit]ally snat*$ x = po/]ity z a br& f ! burn+1 = he did n refra9 f ?is le>n$ & lit]>y labor1 al?\gh z he pli$ 8 p5 9 ,mess9a 9 #daj ,a4 ,d4 he c\ld see ! invad+ b>b>ians ravag+ ! fields & burn+ ,reggio j across ! n>r[ /rait :i* sep>ates ,sicily f ,italy4#aicj ,sid5ote3 ,balaam & ! p[] ( words4 ,9 comm5c+ to speak ( ,balaam & 8 ass#aica ,orig5 implies t mu* has already be5 writt5 on ?is ?orny !me & t he approa*es x ) consid]able diffid5ce4 ,he prays ,god aga9 & aga9 = grace to be able to expla9 x1 n by means ( fabul\s ,jewi% n>rations--by :i* expression he p]haps alludes to comm5t>ies ( ! rabbis su* z h rea*$ u 9 ! ,talmud--b 9 a s5se t %all be reasonable & wor?y ( ! div9e law4 ,to beg9 ) he admits ! p[] ( words1 & n m]ely t ( holy words or words ( ,god1 b ( c]ta9 words us$ by m54 ,t su* words are 9 "s respects m p[]ful ?an bodies is %[n by ! fact t ,balaam's curs+ c\ld accompli% :at armies & weapons c\ld n effect4 ,?is calls to m9d "o ( ! ,mohamm$an tales conc]n+ ,balaam to ! effect t by read+ ! books ( ,abraham he le>n$ 8! "n ,yahweh by virtue ( :i* he pr$ict$ ! future1 & got f ,god :atev] he wi%$40#aicb ,sid5ote3 ,limitations to ! p[] ( ,ph>aoh's magicians4 ,! magicians ( ,egypt1 too1 :o )/ood ,moses & ,a>on be=e ,ph>aoh1 7 able to turn rods into snakes & wat] into blood1 feats :i* no man c\ld accompli% by m]e bodily /r5g?4 ,inde$1 because ! k+ ( ,egypt knew t 8 magicians c\ld d su* ?+s by a human art ( words1 he ?\ght1 at fir/ at lea/1 t ,moses too 0 do+ ! same ?+s n by ! help ( ,god b by ! magic art4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a v s]i\s limitation to ! magicians' p[]4 ,by ! aid ( demons !y c\ld turn good into evil b !y c\ld n repair ! damage :i* !y _h done or re/ore ! evil to good4 ,! rod ( ,moses1 on ! o!r h&1 n only dev\r$ !irs b turn$ back f a snake into its orig9al =m1#aicc & x 0 necess>y = ,moses to pray to ,god 9 ord] to /ay ! o!r plagues4 ,sid5ote3 ,0 ,balaam a prophet ( ,god or a magician8 ,orig5 classifies ,balaam z a magician1 n z a prophet4 ,?is seems to h be5 ! preval5t patri/ic & m$ieval view1 al?\gh ! ,biblical acc\nt 9 ,numb]s repres5ts ,balaam z 9 close & con/ant communication ) ,god & ! ,second ,epi/le ( ,pet]#aicd calls him a prophet al?\gh x condemns 8 tempor>y madness 9 seek+ 8! wages ( unrighte\sness40 ,josephus too calls him ! be/ prophet ( 8 "t b "o :o yield$ to temptation4#aice ,a fifte5? c5tury treatise on ! translation ( ! relics ( ! ?ree k+s to ,cologne tells u t 8conc]n+ ?is ,balaam !re is an alt]cation 9 ! ea/ betwe5 ! ,*ri/ians & ! ,jews02 ! ,jews hold+ t he 0 no prophet b a div9] :o pr$ict$ by magic & diabolical arts1 ! ,*ri/ians ass]t+ t he 0 ! fir/ prophet ( ! ,g5tiles4#aicf ,! problem cont9u$ to ex]cise ! +5uity ( ,lu!rans & !ologians ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*es1 & 9 #ahdb 0 ! ma9 !me ( a treatise ( #bij pages 9 :i* ,hebrew words & quotations f ,calv9 ab\nd4#aicg ,sid5ote3 ,balaam's magic exp]im5ts4 ,orig5 rem>ks t magicians diff] 9 ! am\nt ( p[] !y possess4 ,balaam 0 a v fam\s & exp]t "o1 kn[n ?r\gh\t ! :ole ori5t4 ,he _h giv5 _m exp]im5tal pro(s 7exp]im5ta7 ( 8 skill & ,balak _h frequ5tly employ$ him4 ,! translator ,ruf9us's repeat$ use ( ! words exp]im5ta & exp]tus "h is an int]e/+ indication ( ! close connection betwe5 magic & exp]im5t4#aich ,sid5ote3 ,limitation to 8 magic p[]4 ,great1 h[ev]1 z 0 ,balaam's fame & p[]1 he c\ld only curse & n bless1 an indication t he op]at$ by ! ag5cy ( demons :o also only "w evil & n good4 ,x is true t ,k+ ,balak said to him3 8,i "k t :om y bless w be bless$10 b ,orig5 reg>ds ?is z false flatt]y4 ,magicians employ ! s]vices ( evil spirits1 b _c invoke su* angels z ,mi*ael1 ,raphael1 & ,gabriel1 mu* less ,god or ,*ri/4 ,*ri/ians alone h ! p[] to d ?is1 & !y mu/ cease entirely f ! invocation ( demons or ! ,holy ,_s w flee f !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,div9e prophecy di/9ct f magic & div9ation4 ,x is true also t ,god 9 ! end did speak ?r\gh ! m\? ( ,balaam & t he bless$ in/ead ( curs$ ,israel4 ,orig5 w n admit1 h[ev]1 t ,balaam 0 wor?y ( ?is1 or t a man c be bo? a magician & a prophet2 if ,god spake ?r\gh ,balaam1 x 0 only to prev5t ! demons f com+ & help+ ,balaam to curse ,israel4 ,orig5 also attempts to solve ! difficulties & inconsi/5cies involv$ 9 ! repeat$ appe>ances & conflict+ comm&s ( ,god & ! angel to ,balaam4 ,f9ally we may note t ,orig5 sees ! simil>ity betwe5 ! use ( cauldron-%ap$ tripods 9 human arts ( div9ation & ! donn+ ( ! ephod by ! prophets describ$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4#aici ,b he affirms t div9e prophecy & div9ation are two diff]5t ?+s & cites ! ,biblical prohibition ( ! latt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! v5triloqui/ really invok$ ,samuel = ,saul4 ,9 8 comm5t>y ^u ! ,fir/ ,book ( ,samuel1#aidj ,orig5 takes ! gr\nd t :5 ,saul consult$ ! wit* or v5triloqui/ 771 ,samuel's gho/ really appe>$ & spoke to ,saul1 = ! ,scriptural acc\nt pla9ly says t ! woman saw ,samuel#aida & t ,samuel spoke to ,saul4 ,consequ5tly ,orig5 _c agree ) ^? :o h held t ! woman deceiv$ ,saul or t bo? %e & he 7 delud$ by a demon :o assum$ ! guise ( ,samuel4 ,no demon1 he ?9ks1 c\ld h prophesi$ t ! k+dom w\ld pass to ,david4 ,x has be5 object$ t ! en*antress c\ld n raise ! _s ( ,samuel f ! inf]nal regions because he 0 a good man1 b ,orig5 holds t ev5 ,*ri/ desc5d$ to hell & t all be=e ,him _h _! abode !re until ,he came to release !m4 ,f ?is position n ev5 ! p>able ( ,dives & ( ,laz>us 9 ,abraham's bosom ) ! great gulf fix$ betwe5 !m c %ake ,orig54 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/ians less affect$ by magic ?an philosoph]s are4 ,orig5 disputes ! /atem5t ( ,celsus t philosoph]s are n affect$ by ! magic arts by po9t+ out t 9 ,moirag5es's ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 :o 0 himself bo? a philosoph] & magician1 x is affirm$ t o!r philosoph]s 7 won ov] by 8 magic p[] 8& resort$ to him z a sorc]]40#aidb ,on ! o!r h& ,orig5 makes ! c\nt]-ass]tion t ! foll[]s ( ,*ri/ 8:o live accord+ to ,8 gospel1 us+ night & day cont9u\sly & becom+ly ! prescrib$ pray]s1 are n c>ri$ away ei!r by magic or demons40 ,sid5ote3 ,_! sup]/iti\s me?ods aga9/ magic4 ,if ^! 8prescrib$ pray]s0 7 set =ms ( words1 !y w\ld seem n f> remov$ 9 "* f ! incantations ( ! magicians :i* !y 7 suppos$ to c\nt]act4 ,an ev5 cle>] example ( prev5tive magic is se5 9 ,orig5's explanation t ! practice ( circumcision 0 a safegu>d aga9/ "s angel 7sic7 ho/ile to ! ,jewi% race4#aidc ,sid5ote3 ,incantations4 ,if demons are = ,orig5 ( prim>y importance 9 magic1 incantations run a close second1 s9ce x is *iefly ?r\gh !m t m5 are able to utilize ! p[] ( ! demons4 ,"s ( ! b>b>ians1 ,orig5 tells u1 8are admir$ = _! m>vel\s p[]s ( incantation40#aidd ,& :5 he m5tions ! miracul\s releases ( ,pet] & ,paul & ,silas f prison1 he adds t if ,celsus _h read ( ^! ev5ts he 8w\ld probably say 9 reply t !re are c]ta9 sorc]]s :o are able by incantations to unloose *a9s & to op5 doors40#aide ,b ,celsus did n say ?is2 we mu/ !re=e attribute ! ?\ght r to ,orig5 himself4 ,speak+ else:]e 9 8 own p]son ,orig5 m ?an once in=ms u t 8almo/ all ^? :o occupy !mselves ) incantations & magical rites0 & 8_m :o conjure evil spirits0 employ 9 _! spells & incantations su* expressions z 8,god ( ,abraham40#aidf ,orig5 grants t ^! phrases are us$ by ! ,jews !mselves 9 _! pray]s to ,god & exorcisms1 & t ! names ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob possess great efficacy 8:5 unit$ ) ! ^w ( ,god40#aidg ,yet he w n ackn[l$ge t ! ,jews practice magic4 ,he also d5ies ! *>ge ( ,celsus t ,*ri/ians use incantations & ! names ( c]ta9 demons1 al?\gh he admits t ,*ri/ians w>d (f magic by regul> use ( prescrib$ pray]s & frequ5tly expel demons by repetition ( 8! simple "n ( ,jesus1 & c]ta9 o!r words 9 :i* !y repose fai?1 accord+ to ! holy ,scriptures10 or 8! "n ( ,jesus accompani$ by ! ann\ncem5t ( ! n>ratives :i* relate to ,him0 7presumably a repetition ( ! names ( ! f\r ,evangeli/s74#aidh ,x is ev5 possible = p]sons :o are n true ,*ri/ians to make use ( ! "n ( ,jesus to "w wond]s j z magicians use ! ,hebrew names4#aidi ,sid5ote3 ,! p[] ( words4 ,orig51 h[ev]1 does n try to ju/ify ^! ,hebrew & ,*ri/ian =mulae1 adjurations1 & exorcisms on ! gr\nd t !y are simply pray]s to ,god1 :o ,himself !n p]=ms ! cure or miracle )\t compulsion4 ,orig5 believes t !re is p[] 9 ! words !mselves1 z we h already he>d him /ate 9 speak+ ( ,balaam4 ,?is is se5 f ! fact t :5 translat$ into ano!r language !y lose _! op]ative =ce1 z ^? :o are skill$ 9 ! use ( incantations h not$4#aiej ,?us n :at is signifi$ by ! words1 b ! qualities & peculi>ities ( ! words !mselves1 are pot5t = ?is or t effect4 ,x seems /range t ,orig5 %\ld ?us cite en*ant]s1 :5 9 ! s5t5ce j prec$+ he _h spok5 ( 8our ,jesus1 ^: "n has be5 manife/ly se5 to h driv5 out demons f s\ls & bodies44440 ,0 ! div9e "n alone & n ,god ! cause ( ! miracle8 ,x may be add$1 h[ev]1 t ,orig5 d5i$ t languages 7 ( human orig94#aiea ,b he has already gone f> along ?is l9e & 9 ! previ\s *apt] has /at$ t 8! nature ( p[]ful names0 is a 8deep & my/]i\s subject40#aieb ,"s su* names1 he goes on to say1 8are us$ by ! le>n$ among/ ! ,egyptians1 or by ! ,magi among ! ,p]sians1 & by ! ,indian philosoph]s call$ ,brahmans40 ,sid5ote3 ,orig5 admits a connection betwe5 ! p[] ( words & magic4 ,lat] on 9 ! "w1 9 a passage :i* we h already cit$1 ,orig5 wax$ indignant ) ,celsus = speak+ favorably ( ! ,magi1 inv5tors ( ! de/ructive magic art4 ,b n[ he speaks almo/ 9 a tone ( respect ( magic1 /at+ t if 8! s-call$ magic also is n1 z foll[]s ( ,epicurus0 7i4 e41 m5 l ,celsus :om ,orig5 accuses ( be+ an ,epicurean7 8& ,ari/otle ?9k1 an entirely *aotic affair b1 z ^? skill$ 9 su* matt]s %[1 a connect$ sy/em compris+ words kn[n to v few p]sons10 !n su* names z ,adonai & ,sabao? 8p]ta9 to "s my/ic !ology10 &1 8:5 pron\nc$ ) t att5dant tra9 ( circum/ances :i* is appropriate to _! nature1 are possess$ ( great p[]40 ,sid5ote3 ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian employm5t ( p[]ful names is really magic4 ,^! la/ clauses make x cle> t ,jews & ,*ri/ians 7 guilty bo? ( incantations & magic1 h[ev] mu* ,orig5 may prote/ to ! contr>y4 ,x c h>dly be argu$ t ,orig5 means to di/+ui% ?is 8s-call$ magic0 f ! magic art :i* he condemns 9 o!r passages1 = n only is x evid5t t ! foll[]s ( ,epicurus & ,ari/otle make no su* di/9ction1 b ,orig5 himself 9 o!r passages ascribes ! employm5t ( su* ,hebrew names to ord9>y magicians & decl>es t su* invocations ( ,god are 8f\nd 9 treatises on magic 9 _m c\ntries40#aiec ,orig5 also /ates 9 8 ,comm5t>y ^u ,mat!w#aied t ! ,jews are reg>d$ z adepts 9 adjuration ( demons & t !y employ adjurations 9 ! ,hebrew language drawn f ! books ( ,solomon4 ,moreov]1 he cont9ues 9 ! pres5t passage1 8,& o!r names1 aga91 curr5t 9 ! ,egyptian tongue1 are efficaci\s aga9/ c]ta9 demons :o c only d c]ta9 ?+s2 & o!rs 9 ! ,p]sian language h correspond+ p[] ov] o!r spirits2 & s on 9 e diff]5t nation1 = diff]5t purposes40 8 444 ,& :5 "o is able to philosophize ab\t ! my/]y ( names1 he w f9d mu* to say respect+ ! titles ( ! angels ( ,god1 ( :om "o is call$ ,mi*ael1 & ano!r ,gabriel1 & ano!r ,raphael1 appropriately to ! duties :i* !y dis*>ge 9 ! _w4 ,& a simil> philosophy ( names applies also to our ,jesus40 ,betwe5 su* my/ic !ology & philosophy ( names1 ! ,gno/ic diagram ( ! ,ophites1#aiee & ! d[nright incantations ( ! magicians1 !re is surely little to *oose4 ,sid5ote3 ,celsus' !ory ( demons4 ,f ! names ( ,god & angels1 by utt]+ :i* su* wond]s may be p]=m$1 we turn to ! spirits !mselves4 ,celsus seems to ?9k ( demons z spiritual be+s :o act z int]m$i>ies betwe5 ! supreme ,deity & ! _w ( nature & human society4 ,he believes t 89 all probability ! v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! e>? 7 f ! beg9n+ allott$ to diff]5t sup]9t5d+ spirits40#aief ,he w>ns ! ,*ri/ians t x is absurd = !m to ?9k t !y c escape ! demons by simply refus+ to eat ! meat t has be5 (f]$ to idols2 ! demons are ev]y:]e 9 nature1 & "o _c eat bread or dr9k w9e or ta/e fruit or brea! ! v air )\t receiv+ ^! gifts ( nature f ! demons to :om ! v>i\s prov9ces ( nature h be5 assign$4#aieg ,! ,egyptians tea* t ev5 ! mo/ insignificant objects are committ$ to demon c>e1 & !y divide ! human body into ?irty-six p>ts1 ea* 9 *>ge ( a demon ( ! air :o %\ld be invok$ 9 ord] to cure an ailm5t ( t p>ticul> "p4#aieh ,celsus m5tions "s ( ! names ( ^! ?irty-six demons3 ,*n\m51 ,*na*\m51 ,cnat1 ,sicat1 ,bi\1 ,er\1 & o!rs4 ,celsus1 h[ev]1 does n accept ?is ,egyptian doctr9e )\t qualification4 ,he suspects1 ,orig5 tells u1 t x leads t[>d magic1 & h5ce adds 8! op9ion ( ^? wise m5 :o say t mo/ ( ! e>?-demons are tak5 up ) c>nal indulg5ce1 blood1 odors1 sweet s\nds & o!r su* s5sual ?+s2 & !re=e !y are unable to d m ?an heal ! body1 or =etell ! =tunes ( m5 & cities1 & d o!r su* ?+s z relate to ?is mortal life40#aiei ,celsus himself1 h[ev]1 seems z unwill+ to accept ?is ,egyptian view z he is to condone magic1 & concludes t 8! m j op9ion is t ! demons desire no?+ & ne$ no?+1 b t !y take pleasure 9 ^? :o dis*>ge t[>d !m (fices ( piety40#aifj ,celsus believes t div9e provid5ce regulates ! acts ( ! demons & s asks3 8,:y are we n to s]ve demons80#aifa ,sid5ote3 ,orig5 calls demons wick$4 ,orig5's reply to ?is "q is t ! demons are wick$ spirits & conc]n$ ) magic & idolatry4 ,he ma9ta9s t n only ,*ri/ians 8b almo/ all :o ackn[l$ge ! exi/5ce ( demons0 reg>d !m z evil spirits4#aifb ,8 own attitude t[>d !m is inv>iably "o ( ho/ility4 ,! ?irty-six spirits :o1 z ! ,egyptians believe1 h *>ge ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! human body1 ,orig5 spurns z 8?irty-six b>b>\s demons :om ! ,egyptian ,magi alone call ^u 9 "s unkn[n way40#aifc ,really we probably h "h to d ) ! a/rological decans or sub-divisions ( ! signs ( ! zodiac into sections ( t5 degrees ea*4 ,sid5ote3 ,b believes 9 presid+ angels4 ,yet ,orig5's notion ( ! spiritual _w r closely resembles t ( ,celsus1 = he is ready to ascribe to angels or o!r good invisible be+s mu* ! same functions :i* ,celsus attribut$ to demons4 ,he does n1 = example1 dispute ! !ory t diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>? & ( nature are assign$ to diff]5t spirits4 ,in/ead he 8v5tures to lay d[n "s consid]ations ( a pr(\nd] k9d1 convey+ a my/ical & secret view respect+ ! orig9al di/ribution ( ! v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! e>? among diff]5t sup]9t5d+ spirits40#aifd ,he quotes ! ,septuag9t v]sion ( ,deut]onomy1 8,:5 ! mo/ ,high divid$ ! nations4444 ,he set ! b\nds ( ! p accord+ to ! numb] ( ! angels ( ,god40#aife ,he n>rates h[ aft] ,babel1 m5 87 conduct$ by ^? angels :o impr9t$ on ea* 8 native language to ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>? accord+ to _! des]ts40#aiff ,he concludes by say+1 8,^! rem>ks are to be und]/ood z be+ made by u ) a conceal$ mean+10#aifg b !re seems little d\bt z to 8 sub/antial agreem5t ) ! view ( ,celsus4 ,inde$1 lat] :5 ,celsus ass]ts t ,*ri/ians _c eat1 dr9k1 or brea! )\t be+ indebt$ to demons1 ,orig5 responds1 8,we inde$ also ma9ta9 444 ! ag5cy & control ( c]ta9 be+s :om we may call invisible husb&m5 & gu>dians2 444 b we d5y t ^? invisible ag5ts are demons40#aifh ,9 8 f\rte5? homily on ,numb]s1 z extant 9 ,ruf9us's translation1#aifi ,orig5 aga9 speaks ( presid+ angels 9 ^! words4 8,& :at is s pleasant1 :at is s magnific5t z ! "w ( ! sun or moon by :om ! _w is illum9at$8 ,yet !re is "w 9 ! _w itself too = angels :o are ov] bea/s & = angels :o preside ov] e>?ly armies4 ,!re is "w = angels :o preside ov] ! nativity ( animals1 ( se$l+s1 ( plantations1 & _m o!r gr[?s4 ,& aga9 !re is "w = angels :o preside ov] holy works1 :o tea* ! compreh5sion ( et]nal light & ! k ( ,god's secrets & ! sci5ce ( div9e ?+s40 ,h[ ?is passage might be us$ to enc\rage a belief 9 magic is made evid5t by ! p>aphrase ( x 9 ,! ,occult ,philosophy ( ,h5ry ,cornelius ,agrippa1#aigj writt5 9 #aeaj at ! close ( ! middle ages4 ,he repres5ts ,orig5 z say+1 8,!re is "w 9 ! _w itself = angels :o preside ov] e>?ly armies1 k+doms1 prov9ces1 m51 bea/s1 ! nativity & gr[? ( animals1 %oots1 plants1 & o!r ?+s1 giv+ t virtue :i* !y say is 9 ?+s f _! occult prop]ty40 ,9 ! treatise ,de ,pr9cipiis1#aiga ,orig5 /ates t p>ticul> (fices are assign$ to individual angels1 z cur+ diseases to ,raphael1 & ! conduct ( w>s to ,gabriel4 ,?is notion he p]haps d]iv$ f ! ,book ( ,eno* :i*1 h[ev]1 he /ates 9 8 ,reply to ,celsus is n accept$ by ! *ur*es z div9ely inspir$4#aigb ,he fur!r decl>es on ! au?ority ( passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t t to "o angel ! ,*ur* ( ! ,ephesians 0 entru/$2 to ano!r1 t ( ,smyrna2 t ,pet] _h 8 angel & ,paul 81--nay t 8e "o ( ! little ones ( ! ,*ur*0 has 8 angel :o daily beholds ! face ( ,god4#aigc ,sid5ote3 ,a law ( spiritual gravitation4 ,orig5 advances a fur!r !ory conc]n+ spirits1 :i* may be describ$ z a sort ( law ( spiritual gravitation4 ,x is t :5 s\ls are pure & 8n weight$ d[n ) s9 z ) a weight ( lead10 !y asc5d on high :]e o!r pure & e!real bodies & spirits dwell1 8leav+ "h bel[ _! gross] bodies along ) _! impurities40 ,pollut$ s\ls1 on ! contr>y1 h to /ay close to e>? :]e !y w&] ab\t sepul*]s z gho/s & app>itions4#aigd ,orig5 !re=e inf]s t pagan gods 8:o are atta*$ = entire ages to p>ticul> dwell+s & places0 on e>?1 are wick$ & pollut$ spirits4 ,orig5 ( c\rse w n admit t ,*ri/ians or ,jews b[ d[n ev5 to angels2 su* wor%ip !y res]ve = ,god alone4#aige ,sid5ote3 ,attitude ( ,celsus t[>d a/rology4 ,bo? ,celsus & ,orig5 closely associate ) ! _w ( invisible spirits1 :e!r ^! be angels or demons1 ! visible heav5ly bodies1 & ?us lead u f magic1 :i* ,orig5 makes s dep5d5t ^u demons1 to ! k9dr$ subject ( a/rology1 ! pseudo-sci5ce ( ! />s4 ,celsus _h c5sur$ ! ,jews & by implication ! ,*ri/ians = wor%ip+ heav5 & ! angels1 & ev5 app>itions produc$ by sorc]y & en*antm5t1 & yet at ! same "t neglect+ :at 9 8 op9ion =m$ ! holie/ & mo/ p[]ful "p ( ! heav51 namely1 ! fix$ />s & ! planets1 8:o prophesy to ev]yone s di/9ctly1 ?r\gh :om all productiv5ess results1 ! mo/ conspicu\s ( sup]nal h]alds1 real heav5ly angels40#aigf ,?is %[s t ,celsus 0 mu* m favorably incl9$ t[>d a/rology ?an t[>d magic & less sceptical conc]n+ its validity4 ,orig5 also repres5ts ,celsus--& fur!rmore ! ,/oics1 ,platoni/s1 & ,py?agoreans--z believ+ 9 ! !ory ( ! magnus annus1 accord+ to :i*1 :5 ! cele/ial bodies all return to _! orig9al positions aft] ! lapse ( "s ?\s&s ( ye>s1 hi/ory w beg9 to repeat itself & ! same ev5ts w occur & ! same p]sons live ov] aga94#aigg ,orig5 also compla9s t ,celsus reg>ds z a div9ely-inspir$ nation ! ,*aldeans1 :o 7 ! f\nd]s ( 8deceitful g5e?lialogy10#aigh z well z ! ,magi :om ,celsus else:]e id5tifi$ ) ! ,*aldeans or a/rolog]s1 b :om ,orig5 z we h se5 reg>ds r z ! f\nd]s ( magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,attitude ( ,orig5 t[>d a/rology4 ,orig5 is oppos$ bo? to ?is art ( ca/+ horoscopes & det]m9+ ! entire life ( ! individual f 8 nativity1 & to ! !ory ( ! magnus annus1#aigi because he is conv9c$ t to admit _! tru? is to annihilate free-w4 ,b he is f> f hav+ fre$ himself fundam5tally f ! a/rological attitude t[>d ! />s2 inde$ he /ill %[s ve/iges ( ! old pagan t5d5cy to wor%ip !m z div9ities4 ,he is conv9c$ t ! cele/ial bodies are n m]e fi]y masses1 z ,anaxagoras tea*es4#aihj ,! body ( a /> is mat]ial1 x is true1 b also e!real4 ,b fur!rmore ,orig5 is incl9$ to agree1 bo? 9 ! ,de pr9cipiis#aiha & 9 ! ,contra ,celsum1#aihb t ! />s are rational be+s 7 --! latt] ^w _h already be5 appli$ to !m by ,philo ,judaeus7 possess$ ( free-w & 8illum9at$ ) ! light ( k by t wisdom :i* is ! reflection ( ev]la/+ light40 ,he int]prets a passage 9 ,deut]onomy#aihc to mean t ! />s h 9 g5]al be5 assign$ by ,god to all ! nations b5ea? ! heav51 b ass]ts t f ?is sy/em ( a/ral satrapies ,god's *os5 p 7 exempt$4 ,he is will+ to admit t ! />s =etell _m ?+s1 & puts especial fai? 9 comets z om5s4#aihd ,he /ates t !y h appe>$ on ! eve ( dyna/ic *anges1 great w>s1 & o!r disa/]s1 & incl9es also to agree ) ,*a]emon ! ,/oic t !y may come z signs ( future good1 z 9 ! case ( ! /> ann\nc+ ! bir? ( ,*ri/4#aihe ,b :ile ,orig5 w grant reason+ faculties & a c]ta9 am\nt ( prophetic p[] to ! />s1 he refuses to p]mit wor%ip ( !m4 ,r he is p]suad$ 8t ! sun himself & moon & />s pray to ! supreme ,god ?r\gh 8 only begott5 ,son40#aihf ,pi]re ,daniel ,huet 7#afcj-agba71 ! le>n$ bi%op ( ,avran*es & editor ( ,orig51 9 8 comm5t>ies ^u ,orig5#aihg cites o!r works1 comm5t>ies on ,mat!w1 ! ,psalms1 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 & ,ezekiel1 9 :i* ,orig5 aga9 /ates t ! />s are reason+ be+s1 honor ,god1 praise & pray to ,him1 & ev5 t !y are capable ( s91 a po9t ^u :i* he agrees ) ! ,book ( ,eno* & ,b>desanes b n ) ,philo ,judaeus4 ,nicephorus#aihh /ates t ,orig5 0 condemn$ 9 ! fif? synod = 8 error conc]n+ ! />s be+ animat$4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ,huet po9ts out1 ,orig5 leaves x an op5 "q :e!r ! heav5ly bodies are animat$ or n4#aihi ,huet also ass]ts t 9 8 own "t su* great m5 z ,ty*o ,brahe & ,kepl] h def5d$ ! view t ! />s are animat$ be+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,fur!r discussion 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis4 ,9 a fragm5t f ,orig5's ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis pres]v$ by ,eusebius we h a fur!r discussion ( ! />s & a/rology4#aiij ,"h he repres5ts ev5 ,*ri/ians z tr\bl$ by ! doctr9e t ! />s control human affairs absolutely4 ,?is !ory he attacks z de/ructive to all morality1 z r5d]+ pray] to ,god ( no avail1 & z subject+ ev5 su* ev5ts z ! bir? ( ,*ri/ & ! conv]sion ( ea* individual to ,*ri/ianity to fatal necessity4 ,l ,philo ,judaeus ,orig5 holds t ! />s are m]ely signs in/itut$ by ,god1 n causes ( ! future1 & quotes passages f ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 support ( 8 view2 l ! ,book ( ,eno* he holds t m5 7 in/ruct$ 9 ! int]pretation ( ! />s' significations by ! fall5 angels4 ,he argues at l5g? t div9e =ekn[l$ge does n impose necessity4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 ,god in/itut$ ! />s z signs ( ! future1 ,he int5d$ t only ! angels %\ld be able to read !m1 & deem$ x be/ = mank9d to rema9 9 ignorance ( ! future4 8,= x is a mu* great] task ?an lies )9 human p[] to le>n truly f ! motion ( ! />s :at ea* p]son w d & suff]40#aiia ,! evil spirits h1 h[ev]1 taught m5 ! art ( a/rology1 b ,orig5 believes t x is s difficult & requires su* sup]human accuracy t ! pr$ictions ( a/rolog]s are m likely to be wrong ?an "r4 ,8 tone t[>d a/rology is ?us di/9ctly m unfavorable "h ?an 9 ! ,reply to ,celsus4 ,9 argu+ t ! />s are m]ely signs1 ,orig5 asks :y m5 admit t ! flight ( birds & condition ( entrails 9 augury & liv]-div9ation are only signs & yet insi/ t ! />s are causes ( future ev5ts4#aiib ,! answ]1 ( c\rse1 is simple en\gh3 all nature is "u ! control ( ! />s :i* alike produce ! ev5ts signifi$ & ! action ( ! birds or condition ( ! liv] signify+ !m4 ,b ! "q is notable because x 0 also put by ,plot9us a little lat] 9 ! same c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,problems ( ! wat]s above ! firmam5t & ( "o or m heav5s4 ,9 expla9+ ! ,book ( ,g5esis ,orig5 said t cele/ial & inf]nal virtues 7 repres5t$ by ! wat]s above & bel[ ! firmam5t respectively4 ,?is figurative int]pretation gave (f5ce to _m lat] ,*ri/ian writ]s1 al?\gh "s ( !m 7 ready to int]pret ! wat]s above z cele/ial virtues1 b n to take ! wat]s bel[ z signify+ evil spirits4#aiic ,conc]n+ ! "q ( a plurality ( heav5s ,orig5 says 9 ! ,reply to ,celsus1 8,! ,scriptures :i* are curr5t 9 ! ,*ur*es ( ,god d n speak ( sev5 heav5s or ( any def9ite numb] at all1 b !y d appe> to tea* ! exi/5ce ( heav5s1 :e!r t means ! sph]es ( ^? bodies :i* ! ,greeks call planets or some?+ m my/]i\s40#aiid ,sid5ote3 ,augury1 dreams1 & prophecy4 ,( o!r pagan me?ods ( div9ation ?an a/rology ,orig5 disapprov$ & class$ !m1 z we h se51 z ! "w ( demons4 ,he 0 impress$ by ! weight ( te/imony to ! validity ( augury1#aiie al?\gh he /ates t x has be5 disput$ :e!r !re is any su* art1 b he attribut$ ! tru? ( ! pr$ictions to demons act+ ?r\gh ! animals & po9t$ out t ! ,mosaic law =bade augury#aiif & classifi$ z unclean ! animals commonly employ$ 9 div9ation4 ,! true ,god1 he held1 w\ld n employ irrational animals at all to reveal ! future1 nor ev5 any *ance human be+1 b only ! pure/ ( prophetic s\ls4 ,orig5 w\ld appe> = ! mom5t to h =gott5 ,balaam's ass6 ,moreov]1 he himself accept$ o!r *annels ( =ekn[l$ge ?an holy prophecy1 & believ$ t dreams (t5 7 ( value 9 ?is respect4 ,:5 ,celsus1 criticiz+ ! ,scriptural /ory ( ! flight into ,egypt1 /at$ t an angel desc5d$ f heav5 to w>n ,joseph & ,m>y ( ! dang] ?reat5+ ! ,*ri/ *ild1 ,orig5 retort$ t ! angelic w>n+ came r 9 a dream--an occurr5ce :i* seem$ 9 no way m>vel\s to him1 s9ce 89 _m o!r cases x has happ5$ t a dream has %[n p]sons ! prop] c\rse ( action40#aiig ,orig5 grants t all m5 desire to asc]ta9 ! future & argues t ! ,jews mu/ h _h div9e prophets1 or1 s9ce !y 7 =bidd5 by ! ,mosaic law to consult 8obs]v]s ( times & div9]s10 !y w\ld h _h no means ( satisfy+ ?is univ]sal human crav+4 ,x 0 to slake ?is popul> curiosity conc]n+ ! future1 ,orig5 ?9ks1 t ! ,hebrew se]s sometimes pr$ict$ ?+s ( no religi\s significance or o!r la/+ importance4#aiih ,once ,orig5 alludes to physiognomy1 say+1 8,if !re be any tru? 9 ! doctr9e ( ! physiognomi/s1 :e!r ,zopyrus or ,loxus or ,polemon40#aiii ,sid5ote3 ,animals & gems4 ,! allusions to natural sci5ce 9 ! ,reply to ,celsus are n num]\s4 ,!re are a few passages :]e animals or gems are m5tion$4 ,! rem>ks conc]n+ animals m5tion ! usual favorites & embody famili> notions :i* we ei!r h already met or %all meet aga9 & aga94 ,celsus speaks#bjjj ( ! k ( poisons & m$ic9es possess$ by animals1 ( pr$ictions by birds1 ( assemblies held by o!r animals1 ( ! fidelity ) :i* elephants obs]ve oa?s1 ( ! filial affection ( ! /ork1 & ( ! ,arabian bird1 ! pho5ix4#bjja ,orig5 implies ! belief t ! weasel conceives ?r\gh its m\? :5 he says1 8,obs]ve1 moreov]1 to :at pit* ( wick$ness ! demons proce$1 s t !y ev5 assume ! bodies ( weasels 9 ord] to reveal ! future40#bjjb ,orig5 also adduces ! m>vel\s me?ods ( g5]ation ( sev]al k9ds ( animals 9 support ( ! virg9 bir? ( ,jesus4#bjjc ,orig5's allusions to gems c sc>cely be classifi$ z natural sci5ce4 ,he cont5ds t ,plato's /atem5t t our preci\s /ones are a reflection ( gems 9 t bett] l& is tak5 f ,isaiah's description ( ! city ( ,god4#bjjd ,9 ano!r passage ,orig5 aga9 quotes ,isaiah reg>d+ ! walls1 f\ndations1 battlem5ts1 & gates ( v>i\s preci\s /ones1 b /ates t he _c /op to exam9e _! spiritual mean+ at pres5t4#bjje ,9 "o ( 8 homilies on ! ,book ( ,numb]s ,orig5 displays a favorable attitude t[>ds m$ical & ph>maceutical inve/igation1 say+1 8,= if !re is any sci5ce f ,god1 :at w be m f ,him ?an ! sci5ce ( heal?1 9 :i* too ! virtues ( h]bs & ! div]se prop]ties ( juices are det]m9$40#bjjf ,sid5ote3 ,orig5 lat] accus$ ( c\nt5anc+ magic4 ,orig5's belief t ! />s 7 rational be+s cont9u$ to be held by ! sect call$ ,orig5i/s & also by ! h]etic ,priscillian & 8 foll[]s 9 ! lat] f\r? c5tury4 ,priscillian1 z we h se51 0 accus$ ( magic & execut$ 9 #che4 ,b we are surpris$ to f9d ,!ophilus ( ,alex&ria1 :o attack$ "s ( ,orig5's views z h]etical & p]suad$ ,pope ,ana/asius to d ! same1 accus+ ,orig5 9 a lett] writt5 9 #dje & translat$ into ,lat9 by ,j]ome1 ( hav+ def5d$ magic4#bjjg ,!ophilus /ates t ,orig5 has writt5 9 "o ( 8 treatises1 8,! magic art seems to me a "n = some?+ :i* does n exi/0--a bold & admirable ass]tion1 b "o :i*1 z we h se51 ! ,epicurean ,celsus w\ld h be5 mu* m likely to make ?an ! ,*ri/ian ,orig5--8b if x does1 x is n ! "n ( an evil "w40 ,!ophilus _c und]/& h[ ,orig51 :o vaunts himself a ,*ri/ian1 c ?us make himself a protector ( ,elymas ! magician :o oppos$ ! apo/les & ( ,jamnes & ,mambres :o resi/$ ,moses4 ,huet1 ! le>n$ sev5te5? c5tury editor ( ,orig51 knew ( no su* passage 9 8 extant works z t :i* ,!ophilus pr(esses to quote4#bjjh ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,o!r ,,*ri/ian ,,discussion ,,( ,,magic ,,be=e ,,augu/9e ,plan ( ?is *apt]--,t]tullian on magic--,a/rology attack$--,resemblance to ,m9ucius ,felix--,lactantius--,hippolytus on magic & a/rology--,frauds ( magicians 9 answ]+ que/ions--,o!r tricks & illusions--,defects & m]its ( ,hippolytus' exposure ( magic & ( magic itself--,hippolytus' s\rces--,ju/9 ,m>tyr & o!rs on ! wit* ( ,endor--,gregory ( ,nyssa & ,eu/a?ius conc]n+ ! v5triloqui/--,gregory ( ,nyssa ,aga9/ ,fate--,a/rology & ! bir? ( ,*ri/--,*ryso/om on ! /> ( ! ,magi--,six? ,homily on ,mat!w--,! spuri\s homily--,numb]1 names1 & home ( ! ,magi--,liturgical drama ( ! ,magi2 ,?ree ,k+s ( ,cologne--,ano!r homily on ! ,magi--,priscilliani/s answ]$--,numb] & race ( ! ,magi aga94 ,sid5ote3 ,plan ( ?is *apt]4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all supplem5t ! picture ( ! ,*ri/ian attitude t[>ds magic suppli$ u 9 prec$+ *apt]s by "s acc\nts ( magic 9 o!r ,*ri/ian writ]s ( ! p]iod be=e ,augu/9e4 ,aft] giv+ ! op9ions ( a few ,lat9 fa!rs1 ,m9ucius ,felix1 ,t]tullian1 & ,lactantius1 we %all consid] ! exposure ( magic devices 9 ,hippolytus' ,refutation ( ,all ,h]esies1 !n comp>e ! utt]ances ( o!r fa!rs conc]n+ ! wit* ( ,endor ) ^? ( ,orig51 & f9ally discuss ! treatm5t ( ! ,magi & ! /> ( ,be?lehem 9 bo? ! g5u9e & ! spuri\s homily ( ,*ryso/om on t !me1 add+ "s acc\nt ( ! m$ieval developm5t ( ! leg5d ( ! ?ree ,magi1 al?\gh leav+ until lat] ! /atem5ts ( m$ieval !ologians & a/ronom]s conc]n+ ! /> ( ! ,magi4 ,?is makes a r omnibus *apt]1 b its compon5t p>ts are too brief to sep>ate z di/9ct *apt]s & !y all supplem5t ! prec$+ *apt] on ,orig5 & ,celsus4 ,sid5ote3 ,t]tullian on magic4 ,"s important features ( ,orig5's acc\nt ( magic are duplicat$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! we/]n *ur* fa!r1 ,t]tullian1 :o wrote at ab\t ! same "t or p]haps a few ye>s be=e ,orig54 ,aga9 ! ,jews are repres5t$ z call+ ,*ri/ a magician1#bjji & :5 ,t]tullian *all5ges ! emp]ors to all[ a ,*ri/ian exorci/ to appe> be=e !m & attempt to expel a demon f someone s possess$ & =ce ! _s to confess its evil "*1 he expects t 8 ,*ri/ian exorci/ w be accus$ ( employ+ magic4#bjaj ,aga9 div9ation & magic are attribut$ to ! fall5 angels2 9 fact1 ,t]tullian foll[s ! ,book ( ,eno* 9 /at+ t m5 7 in/ruct$ by ! fall5 angels 9 metallurgy & botany z well z 9 incantations & a/rology4#bjaa ,! demons are repres5t$ z invisible & 8ev]y:]e 9 a mom5t40 ,liv+ z !y d 9 ! air ne> ! cl\ds & />s1 !y are enabl$ to pr$ict ! wea!r4 ,!y s5d diseases & !n pret5d to cure !m by ! recomm5dation ( novel rem$ies or prescriptions q contr>y to accept$ m$ical practice4#bjab 8,!re is h>dly a human be+ :o is unatt5d$ by a demon40#bjac ,magicians are describ$ by ,t]tullian z produc+ phantasms1 insult+ ! s\ls ( ! dead1 injur+ boys = purposes ( div9ation1 s5d+ dreams1 & p]=m+ _m miracul\s feats by _! complicat$ juggl]y4#bjad 8,! sci5ce ( magic0 is well def9$ z 8a multi=m contagion ( ! human m9d1 an artific] ( e error1 a de/roy] ( safety & s\l40 ,z examples ( well-kn[n magicians ,t]tullian li/s ,o/anes & ,typhon & ,d>danus & ,damig]on#bjae & ,nectabis#bjaf & ,b]5ice4 ,t]tullian /ates t a lit]ature is curr5t :i* promises to evoke gho/s f ! inf]nal regions1 b t 9 su* cases ! dead are really imp]sonat$ by demons1 z 0 ! fact :5 ! py?oness seem$ to %[ ,samuel to ,saul1 a po9t on :i* ,t]tullian disagrees ) ,orig54 ,magic is !re=e fallaci\s1 a po9t :i* ,t]tullian emphasizes m ?an ,orig5 did1 al?\gh ,t]tullian is n v explicit4 ,he av]s t 8x is no great task to deceive ! out] eye ( him ^: m5tal insight x is easy to bl9d40 ,! rods ( ,ph>aoh's magicians seem$ to turn into snakes1 8b ,moses'#bjag reality dev\r$ _! deceit40 ,sid5ote3 ,a/rology attack$4 ,t]tullian fur!r div]ges f ,orig5 9 def9itely classify+ a/rology z a species ( magic along ) t o!r v>iety ( magic :i* works miracles4 ,a/rology is an art :i* 0 inv5t$ by ! fall5 angels & ) :i* ,*ri/ians %\ld h no?+ to d4 ,t]tullian w\ld n m5tion x b = ! fact t rec5tly a c]ta9 p]son has def5d$ 8 p]si/5ce 9 t pr(ession1 t is1 presumably aft] he _h become a ,*ri/ian4 ,t]tullian /ates1 aga9 unlike ,orig51 t ! ,magi :o came f ! ea/ to ! ,*ri/ *ild 7 a/rolog]s--8,we "k ! union exi/+ betwe5 magic & a/rology0--b t ,*ri/'s foll[]s are "u no obligation to a/rology on _! acc\nt1 al?\gh he aga9 implies ! exi/5ce ( ,*ri/ian a/rolog]s 9 ! s>ca/ic rem>k1 8,a/rology n[-a-days1 =soo?1 treats ( ,*ri/2 is ! sci5ce ( ! />s ( ,*ri/1 n ( ,saturn & ,m>s40 ,z ,orig5 affirm$ t ! p[] ( ! demons & ( magic 0 greatly weak5$ by ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 s ,t]tullian affirms t ! sci5ce ( ! />s 0 all[$ to exi/ until ! com+ ( ! ,gospel1 b t s9ce ,*ri/'s bir? no "o %\ld ca/ nativities4 8,= s9ce ! ,gospel y w nev] f9d sophi/ or ,*aldean or en*ant] or div9] or magician :o has n be5 manife/ly puni%$40#bjah ,t]tullian rejoices t ! ma!matici or a/rolog]s are =bidd5 to ent] ,rome or ,italy1 ! reason be+1 z he /ates 9 ano!r passage1#bjai t !y are consult$ s mu* 9 reg>d to ! life ( ! emp]or4 ,sid5ote3 ,resemblance to ,m9ucius ,felix4 ,t]tullian's acc\nt ( magic is p]haps borr[$ f ! dialogue entitl$ ,octavius by ,m4 ,m9ucius ,felix1#bjbj :i* is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! olde/ extant "w ( ,*ri/ian ,lat9 lit]ature & 0 probably writt5 9 ! reign ( ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,"s ( ! words & phrases us$ by ,t]tullian & ,m9ucius ,felix 9 describ+ magic are almo/ id5tical1#bjba & a ?ird passage ( ! same sort appe>s 9 ,cyprian ( ,c>?age 9 ! ?ird c5tury4#bjbb ,o/anes1 "o ( ,t]tullian's li/ ( magicians1 is also m5tion$ z ! fir/ prom95t magician by bo? ,m9ucius ,felix & ,cyprian4 ,m9ucius ,felix ascribes magic to demons & seems to reg>d x z a deceptive & r unreal art1 say+1 8,! magicians n only are acqua9t$ ) demons1 b :atev] miracul\s feats !y p]=m1 !y d ?r\gh demons2 "u _! influ5ce & inspiration !y produce illusions1 mak+ ?+s seem to be :i* are n1 or mak+ real ?+s seem non-exi/5t40 ,sid5ote3 ,lactantius4 ,a c5tury aft] ,t]tullian ,lactantius ( ,gaul treats ( magic & demons 9 ab\t ! same way 9 8 ,div9e ,in/itutes1#bjbc writt5 at ! op5+ ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,he d5ies t ,*ri/ 0 a magician & decl>es t ,8 miracles diff]$ f ^? attribut$ to ,apuleius & ,apollonius ( ,tyana 9 t !y 7 ann\nc$ be=eh& by ! prophets4 8,he work$ m>vels10 ,lactantius says to 8 oppon5ts1 8& we %\ld h ?\ght ,him a magician1 z y ?9k n[ & z ! ,jews ?\ght at ! "t1 _h n all ! prophets ) "o accord pr$ict$ t ,*ri/ w\ld d ^! v ?+s40#bjbd ,lactantius believes t ! (fspr+ ( ! fall5 angels & 8! daught]s ( m50 7 a diff]5t v>iety ( demon f _! fa!rs & m t]re/rial4 ,be t z x may1 he affirms t ! entire art & p[] ( ! magicians consi/ 9 invocations ( demons :o 8deceive human vision by bl9d+ illusions s t m5 d n see :at does exi/ & ?9k t !y see :at does n exi/10#bjbe ! v expression t we h j he>d f ,m9ucius ,felix4 ,m specifically ,lactantius reg>ds necromancy1 oracles1 liv]-div9ation1 augury1 & a/rology z all inv5t$ by ! demons4#bjbf ,l ,orig5 he emphasizes ! p[] ( ! sign ( ! cross & ! "n ( ,jesus aga9/ ! evil spirits1#bjbg & he implies ! p[] ( ! names ( spirits :5 he /ates t1 al?\gh demons may masqu]ade "u o!r =ms & names 9 pagan temples & wor%ips1 9 magic & sorc]y !y are always summon$ by _! true names1 ^? cele/ial ones :i* are read 9 sacr$ lit]ature4#bjbh ,sid5ote3 ,hippolytus on magic & a/rology4 ,f ^! acc\nts ( magic 9 ,lat9 fa!rs1 :i* d little m ?an re9=ce ! impressions :i* we _h already ga9$ conc]n+ ! ,*ri/ian attitude1 we come to a v diff]5t discussion by ,hippolytus :o wrote 9 ,greek al?\gh he liv$ 9 ,italy4 ,eusebius & ,j]ome /ate t ,orig5 z a "y man he>d ,hippolytus prea* at ,rome2 9 #bce he 0 exil$ to ,s>d9ia2 ! next ye> 8 body 0 br\ght back to ,rome = burial4 ,9 ,hippolytus1 in/ead ( attacks ^u a/rology z impi\s1 immoral1 & fatali/ic1 & ^u magic z evil & ! "w ( demons1 we h an attempt to prove a/rology irrational & impracticable1 & to %[ t magic is bas$ ^u impo/ure & deceit4 ,9 ! fir/ f\r ( ! n9e books ( 8 ,philosophum5a or ,refutation ( ,all ,h]esies#bjbi ,hippolytus set =? ! t5ets ( ! ,greek philosoph]s1 ! sy/em ( ! a/rolog]s1 & ! practice ( ! magicians 9 ord] lat] to be able to %[ h[ mu* ! v>i\s h]etics _h borr[$ f ^! s\rces4 ,8 second & ?ird books are n extant2 x is 9 ! f\r? book or :at is left ( x t we h portions ( 8 discussion ( a/rology & magic4#bjcj ,sid5ote3 ,frauds ( magicians 9 answ]+ que/ions4 ,9 expos+ ! frauds ( magicians ,hippolytus uses ! ^w 1 & n 1 a sorc]]4 ,he tells h[ ! magicians pret5d t ! spirits give response ?r\gh a m$ium to que/ions :i* ^? consult+ !m h writt5 on papyrus1 p]haps 9 invisible ink1 & fold$ up1 aft] :i* ! papyrus is plac$ on coals & burn$4 ,! magician1 h[ev]1 op]at+ 9 semi-d>kness & mak+ a great noise & div]sion & pret5d+ to invoke ! demon1 is really occupi$ 9 spr9kl+ ! burnt papyrus ) a mixture ( wat] & copp]as 7vitriol87 or fumigat+ x ) vapor ( a gall nut or employ+ o!r me?ods to make ! conceal$ lett]s visible4 ,hav+ by "s su* me?od discov]$ ! "q1 he in/ructs ! m$ium1 :o is n[ suppos$ to be possess$ ( demons & is recl9+ ^u a c\*1 :at answ] to give by :isp]+ to him ?r\gh a long hidd5 tube con/ruct$ out ( ! w9dpipe ( a crane or t5 brass pipes fitt$ toge!r4 ,x w be recall$ t x 0 by su* a tube made ( ! w9dpipes ( cranes t ,alex&] ! false prophet1 accord+ to ,lucian1 caus$ ! artificial head ( 8 god to give =? oracles4 ,hippolytus adds t at ! same "t ! magician produces al>m+ flames & liquids by su* *emical mixtures z fossil salts & ,etruscan wax & a gra9 ( salt4 8,& :5 ?is is consum$1 ! salts b\nd upw>d & give ! impression ( a /range vision40#bjca ,sid5ote3 ,o!r tricks & illusions4 ,hippolytus also reveals h[ magicians secretly fill eggs ) dyes1 h[ !y cause %eep to behead !mselves aga9/ a sword by sme>+ _! ?roats ) a drug :i* makes !m it*1 h[ a ram dies if its head is m]ely b5t back fac+ ! sun1 h[ !y ob/ruct ! e>s ( goats ) wax s t !y _c brea! & pres5tly die ( suffocation1 h[ out ( sea foam !y make a comp\nd :i*1 l alcohol1 w itself burn b n consume ! objects ov] :i* x is p\r$4#bjcb ,he tells h[ ! magician produces /age ?und]1 h[ he is able to plunge 8 h& into a boil+ cauldron or walk ov] hot coals )\t be+ burnt1 & h[ he c set a seem+ pyramid ( /one on fire4 ,he tells h[ ! magicians loos5 seals & seal !m up aga91 j z ,lucian did 9 8 ,alex&] or ,! ,pseudo-,prophet2 h[ by means ( trap-doors1 mirrors1 & ! l devices !y %[ demons 9 a cauldron2 h[ !y pret5d to %[ flam+ demons by ignit+ draw+s :i* !y h sket*$ on ! wall ) "s inflammable sub/ance or by loos+ a bird :i* has be5 set on fire4 ,!y make ! moon appe> indoors & imitate ! />ry sky by atta*+ fi% scales to ! ceil+4 ,!y produce ! s5sation ( an e>?quake by burn+ ! ordure ( a weasel ) ! /one magnet ^u an op5 fire4 ,!y con/ruct a false skull f ! caul ( an ox1 "s wax1 & "s gum1 make x speak by means ( a hidd5 tube1 & !n cause x sudd5ly to collapse & disappe> or to burn up4#bjcc ,sid5ote3 ,defects & m]its ( ,hippolytus' exposure ( magic & ( magic itself4 ,?is exposition ( ! frauds ( ! magicians by ,hippolytus is r brok5 & incoh]5t1 at lea/ 9 ! =m 9 :i* 8 text has rea*$ u4#bjcd ,also we d n h mu* m fai? 9 "s ( ! me?ods by :i* he says ! feats ( magic are really done ?an he has 9 ! ways by :i* ! magicians claim to p]=m !m4 ,b :ile 8 notions ( ! *emical action ( c]ta9 sub/ances & ( ! occult virtue ( o!rs may be incorrect1 ! notewor?y po9t is t he endeavors to expla9 magic ei!r z a deception or z employ+ natural sub/ances & =ces to simulate sup]natural action1 & t 8 exposure ( magic devices leaves no place = ! action ( demons4 ,moreov]1 we see t magic fraud involves *emical exp]im5t & consid]able k or error 9 ! field ( natural sci5ce4 ,"u ! guise or tyranny ( magic exp]im5tal sci5ce is at "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,hippolytus' s\rces4 ,! "q !n arises :e!r ,hippolytus himself discov]$ ^! tricks ( ! magicians or :e!r he is simply copy+ 8 explanations ( !m f "s previ\s "w4 ,an exam9ation ( ! e>li] *apt]s ( 8 f\r? book is suffici5t to solve ! "q4 ,8 argum5ts aga9/ ! practice ( ! ,*aldean a/rolog]s ( pr$ict+ man's life f 8 horoscope at ! "t ( 8 bir? are drawn f ! pages ( ! sceptical philosoph]1 ,sextus ,empiricus1 :om he foll[s s closely t 8 editors are able to rectify 8 text by ref]5ce to ! p>allel passage 9 ,sextus4 ,we are !re=e probably safe 9 assum+1 especially 9 view ( ! resemblances to ! ,alex&] ( ,lucian :i* h already be5 not$1 t ,hippolytus' attack on magic is also l>gely indebt$ to "s classical "w1 possibly to t v treatise aga9/ magic by ,celsus to :i* bo? ,orig5 & ,lucian ref]1 or p]haps to "s acc\nt ( app>atus ) :i* to "w m>vels l ,h]o's ,pneumatics4 ,sid5ote3 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr & o!rs on ! wit* ( ,endor4 ,turn+ back n[ to ! subject ( ! wit* ( ,endor1 we f9d t "s ( ! *ur* fa!rs agree ) ,orig5 r ?an ,t]tullian t ! wit* really invok$ ,samuel4 ,be=e ,orig5's "t ,ju/9 ,m>tyr 9 ,! ,dialogue ) ,trypho#bjce _h m5tion$ z a pro( ( ! immortality ( ! s\l 8! fact t ! s\l ( ,samuel 0 call$ up by ! wit*1 z ,saul dem&$40 ,huet1 :o edit$ ! writ+s ( ,orig51 li/s o!r ,*ri/ian au?ors#bjcf :o agre$ ) ,orig5 on ?is "q1 & fur!r in=ms u t ! anci5t rabbis 7 wont to say t a s\l invok$ )9 a ye> aft] its dea? z ,samuel's 01 w\ld be se5 by ! v5triloqui/ b n he>d1 & he>d by ! p]son consult+ x b n se51 an obs]vation :i* sugge/s t ,saul 0 deceiv$ by v5triloquism1 :ile by o!rs pres5t ! gho/ w\ld be nei!r se5 nor he>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,gregory ( ,nyssa & ,eu/a?ius conc]n+ ! v5triloqui/4 ,two ecclesia/ics ( ! f\r? c5tury compos$ special treatises ^u ! v5triloqui/ or wit* ( ,endor 9 :i* !y took ! opposite view f t ( ,orig54 ,! brief] ( ^! two treatises is by ,gregory ( ,nyssa#bjcg :o /ates1 )\t m5tion+ ,orig5 by "n1 t "s previ\s writ]s h cont5d$ t ,samuel 0 truly invok$ by magic ) div9e p]mission 9 ord] t he might see 8 mi/ake 9 hav+ call$ ,saul ! enemy ( v5triloqui/s4 ,b ,gregory believes t ,samuel 0 already 9 p>adise & h5ce c\ld n be invok$ f ! inf]nal regions2 b t x 0 a demon f ! inf]nal regions :o pr$ict$ to ,saul1 8,to-morr[ y & ,jona?an %all be ) me40 ,! long] treatise ( ,eu/a?ius ( ,antio* is a direct answ] to ,orig5's argum5t z its title1 ,conc]n+ ! ,v5triloqui/ aga9/ ,orig51#bjch indicates4 ,eu/a?ius holds t x 0 illegal to consult v5triloqui/s 9 view ( ,saul's own previ\s action aga9/ !m & o!r prohibitions 9 ,scripture1 & t ,orig5's rem>ks are to be deplor$ z t5d+ to enc\rage simple m5 to resort to arts ( div9ation4 ,eu/a?ius cont5ds t ! wit* did n invoke ,samuel b only made ,saul ?9k t %e did1 & t ,saul himself did n see ,samuel4 ,ph>aoh's magicians simil>ly deceiv$ ! imag9ation ) %ad[s & spect]s :5 !y pret5d$ to turn rods into snakes & wat] into blood4 ,eu/a?ius does n agree ) ,orig5 t ,samuel 0 9 hell4 ,he holds t ! pr$ictions made by ! pseudo-,samuel 7 n impossible = a demon to make1 & inde$ 7 n /rictly accurate1 s9ce ,saul did n die ! v next day b ! day aft] x1 & s9ce n only ,jona?an b 8 ?ree sons 7 sla9 ) him4#bjci ,fur!rmore1 ,david 0 already s prom95t 9 public affairs t a demon might easily guess t he w\ld succe$ ,saul4 ,sid5ote3 ,gregory ( ,nyssa ,aga9/ ,fate4 ,gregory ( ,nyssa also compos$ a treatise1 entitl$ ,aga9/ ,fate1#bjdj 9 ! =m ( a disputation betwe5 a pagan philosoph] & himself at ,con/ant9ople 9 #chb ,a4 ,d4 ,8 oppon5t holds t ! life ( man is det]m9$ by ! con/ellations at 8 nativity1 ^u ^: decree ev5 conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity w\ld ?us be made dep5d5t4 ,gregory assumes ! position ( "o hi!rto ignorant ( ! pr9ciples ( ! art ( a/rology1 ( :i* ! philosoph] has to in=m him1 b on g5]al gr\nds x seems v unlikely t he really 0 z ignorant z ?is ( su* a widespread sup]/ition4 ,fur!rmore1 he is suffici5tly read 9 ! subject to incorporate "s ( ,b>desanes' argum5ts1 ( ^: treatise bo? ,gregory's title & dialogue =m are rem9isc5t4 ,"s ( ,gregory's reason+1 h[ev]1 might well be t ( a tyro & is sc>cely wor? elaborat+ "h4 ,sid5ote3 ,a/rology & ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,:5 ! writ] ( ! ,gospel accord+ to ,mat!w includ$ ! /ory ( ! wise m5 f ! ea/ :o _h se5 ! />1 !re c be little or no d\bt t he ins]t$ x & t x _h be5 =mulat$ 9 ! fir/ place1 n m]ely 9 ord] to satisfy ! ord9>y1 unle>n$ read] ) port5ts connect$ ) ! bir? ( ,jesus1 b to secure ! appe>ance ( support = ! k+%ip ( ,jesus f t art or sci5ce ( a/rology :i* s _m p]sons !n held 9 high e/eem4 ,to an age ^: sublime/ sci5ce 0 />-gaz+ x w\ld seem fitt+ & almo/ inevitable t ,god %\ld h ann\nc$ ! com+ ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace 9 ?is mann]1 & ! acc\nt 9 ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w is 9 a s5se an attempt to pres5t ! bir? ( ,*ri/ 9 a way to comply ) ! mo/ se>*+ te/s ( contempor>y sci5ce4 ,b ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 relatively rude & unlett]$1 & ?is ef=t to con/ruct a royal horoscope = ,jesus is a crude & faulty "o f ! a/rological /&po9t4 ,= ?is1 h[ev]1 ! au?or ( ! ,gospel & n ! art ( a/rology is obvi\sly responsible4 ,z a result1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,gno/ic reaction aga9/ a/rological fatalism or ( an or?odox ,*ri/ian opposition to bo? ,gno/ics & a/rolog]s1 mo/ ( ! e>ly fa!rs ( ! *ur* d5i$ t ?is passage impli$ any recognition ( ! tru? ( a/rology & attempt$ to expla9 away its obvi\s mean+4 ,9 do+ ?is !y (t5 made ! crude & imp]fect a/rology ( ! ,gospel a crit]ion = criticiz+ ! art ( a/rology itself4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ryso/om on ! /> ( ! ,magi4 ,( patri/ic comm5t>ies ^u ! passage 9 ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w deal+ ) ! ,magi & ! /> ( ,be?lehem "o ( ! fulle/ & mo/ frequ5tly cit$ by m$ieval writ]s is t attribut$ to ,*ryso/om4 ,i say 8attribut$10 because 9 addition to 8 g5u9e six? homily ^u ,mat!w#bjda !re 0 g5]ally ascrib$ to ,*ryso/om 9 ! middle ages ano!r homily :i* is extant only 9 ,lat9#bjdb & has be5 ?\ght to be ! "w ( "s ,arian4 ,! fam\s ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om 0 born at ,antio* ab\t #cdg ,a4 ,d4 & !re /udi$ rhetoric "u ! not$ sophi/ ,libanius4 ,f #cih to #djd he held ! (fice ( patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople2 !n he 0 exil$ to ,cappadocia :]e he di$ 9 #djg4 ,"o detail ( 8 boyhood may be not$ because ( its connection ) magic4 ,:5 he 0 a lad1 ! tyrants 9 ! city became suspici\s ( plots aga9/ !m & s5t soldi]s to se>* = books ( magic & sorc]y4 ,"o ( ! m5 :o 0 arre/$ & put to dea? _h tri$ to rid himself ( ! damag+ possession ( a book ( magic by ?r[+ x into ! riv]4 ,*ryso/om & a playmate lat] unsuspect+ly fi%$ an object out ( ! wat] :i* turn$ out to be ?is v book1 & :5 a soldi] happ5$ to pass by j !n1 !y 7 v fright5$ le/ he %\ld see :at !y _h & !y %\ld be sev]ely puni%$ = x4#bjdc ,sid5ote3 ,six? homily on ,mat!w4 ,9 8 six? homily ^u ,mat!w ,*ryso/om recognizes ! difficulties pres5t$ by ! ,scriptural acc\nt ( ! ,magi & ! />1 & approa*es ! task ( exp\nd+ x ) pray]s to ,god = aid4 ,"s1 he in=ms u1 take ! passage z an admission ( ! tru? ( a/rology4 ,x is ?is op9ion :i* he is conc]n$ to refute4 ,he argues t x is n ! function ( a/ronomy to le>n f ! />s :o are be+ born b m]ely to pr$ict f ! h\r ( bir? :at is go+ to happ51 :i* seems a q fallaci\s di/9ction ^u 8 "p4 ,he also criticizes ! ,magi = call+ ,jesus ! k+ ( ! ,jews1 :5 z ,*ri/ told ,pilate ,8 k+dom 0 n ( ?is _w4 ,he fur!r criticizes !m = com+ to ,*ri/'s bir?place :5 !y might h kn[n t x w\ld cause difficulties ) ,h]od1 ! exi/+ k+1 & = com+1 mak+ tr\ble1 & !n imm$iately go+ back home aga94 ,b ^! %ortcom+s w\ld seem to be ^? ( ! ,scriptural n>rative r ?an ( ! art ( a/rology1 al?\gh ( c\rse ,*ryso/om is try+ to make ! po9t t ! ,magi _h n =ese5 :at w\ld happ5 to !mselves4 ,he fur!r argues t ! /> ( ,be?lehem 0 n l o!r />s nor ev5 a /> at all1#bjdd z 0 prov$ by its peculi> it9]>y1 its %9+ by day1 its r>e intellig5ce 9 hid+ itself at ! "r "t1 & its miracul\s ability 9 /&+ ov] ! head ( ! *ild4 ,*ryso/om !re=e concludes t "s invisible virtue put on ! =m ( a />4 ,he ?9ks t ! /> appe>$ to ! ,magi z a reflection ^u ! ,jews1 :o _h reject$ prophet aft] prophet1 :]eas ! app>ition ( a s+le /> 0 suffici5t to br+ b>b>ian ,magi to ! feet ( ,*ri/4 ,at ! same "t he believes t ,god especially favor$ ! ,magi 9 v\*saf+ !m a />1 a sign to :i* !y 7 accu/om$1 z ! mode ( ann\ncem5t4 ,?us he comes dang]\sly ne> to admitt+ tacitly :at he has j be5 d5y+1 namely1 t ! />s are signs ( ! future & t !re is some?+ 9 ! art ( a/rology4 ,9 %ort1 ! /> appe>$ to ! ,magi because !y z a/rolog]s w\ld compreh5d its mean+4 ,*ryso/om d5ies ?is op5ly & does 8 be/ to ?9k up argum5ts aga9/ x1 b he _c rid 8 subconsci\s ?\ght ( ! idea4 ,sid5ote3 ,! spuri\s homily4 ,! o!r homily ascrib$ to ,*ryso/om repeats "s ( ! po9ts made 9 ! g5u9e homily1 b adds o!rs4 ,! prea*] has read some:]e1 p]haps 9 ,orig5 :]e we h already met ! sugge/ion1 t ! ,magi _h le>n$ t ! /> w\ld appe> f ! books ( ! div9] ,balaam1 8^: div9ation is also put into ! ,old ,te/am5t3 #8,a /> %all arise f ,jacob & a man %all come =? f ,israel1 & he %all rule all nations4'0 ,b ! prea*] does n /ate :y x is any bett] to h su* a pr$iction made by a div9] ?an by an a/rolog]4 ,! prea*] has also he>d "s cite a writ+1 :i* is n surely au!ntic b yet is n de/ructive to ! ,fai? & r pleas+1 to ! effect t 9 ! extreme ea/ on ! %ores ( ! ocean live a p :o possess a writ+ inscrib$ ) ! "n ( ,se? & deal+ ) ! appe>ance ( ?is /> & ! gifts to be (f]$4 ,?is writ+ 0 h&$ d[n f fa!r to son ?r\gh successive g5]ations1 & twelve ( ! mo/ /udi\s m5 ( _! numb] 7 *os5 to wat* = ! com+ ( ! />1 & :5ev] "o di$1 ano!r 0 *os5 9 8 place4 ,!y 7 call$ ,magi 9 _! language because !y glorifi$ ,god sil5tly4 ,e ye> aft] ! ?re%+ ( ! h>ve/ !y climb$ a m\nta9 to a cave ) delightful spr+s %ad$ by c>efully select$ trees4 ,!re !y wa%$ !mselves & = ?ree days 9 sil5ce pray$ & prais$ ,god4 ,f9ally "o ye> ! /> appe>$ 9 ! =m ( a little *ild ) ! lik5ess ( a cross above x2 & x spoke ) !m & taught !m & in/ruct$ !m to set out = ,judea4#bjde ,:5 !y _h set out1 x w5t be=e !m = two ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t food & dr9k 7 nev] lack+ 9 _! wallets4 ,on _! return !y wor%ip$ & glorifi$ ,god m s$ul\sly ?an ev] & prea*$ to _! p4 ,f9ally1 aft] ! resurrection1 ! apo/le ,?omas visit$ t region & !y 7 baptiz$ by him & 7 made 8 assi/ant prea*]s4 ,?is tale is inde$ pleas+ en\gh1 & x saves ! ,magi f all imputation ( magic arts & employm5t ( demons & ev5 d5ies t !y 7 a/rolog]s4 ,b z a device to escape ! natural inf]5ce f ! ,gospel /ory t ! bir? ( ,*ri/ 0 ann\nc$ by ! />s & 9 a way :i* a/ronom]s c\ld compreh5d x is c]ta9ly f>-fet*$1 & %[s h[ ,*ri/ian !ologians 7 put to x to f9d a way out ( ! difficulty4 ,! homily goes on to advance "s ( ! usual argum5ts aga9/ a/rology1 su* z t ! />s _c cause evil1 t ! human w is free1 & t a sci5ce ( individual horoscopes _c acc\nt = all m5 wor%ip+ idols be=e ,*ri/ & ab&on+ idolatry & o!r anci5t cu/oms !reaft]1 or = ! p]i%+ 9 ! deluge ( all m5 except ! family ( ,noah1 or = national cu/oms su* z circumcision among ! ,jews & ince/ among ! ,p]sians4 ,"h we aga9 probably see ! influ5ce ( ,b>desanes4 ,sid5ote3 ,numb]1 names1 & home ( ! ,magi4 ,we h already not$ t ,orig5 seems to h be5 ! fir/ ( ! fa!rs to /ate ! numb] ( ! ,magi z ?ree1 :]eas ! homily j consid]$ implies t !re 7 twelve ( !m4 ,_! repres5tation 9 art z ?ree 9 numb] did n become g5]al until ! f\r? c5tury1#bjdf :ile ! depiction ( !m z k+s 0 also a gradual &1 accord+ to ,kehr]1 lat] gr[?4#bjdg ,b\*-,lecl]cq1 cit+ an e>li] monograph1#bjdh /ates t ! royalty ( ! ,magi 0 inv5t$ t[>ds ! six? c5tury to %[ ! fulfillm5t ( ,old ,te/am5t prophecies1#bjdi & t ,b$e is ! fir/ :o kn[s _! names4 ,b ,mle says1 8,_! my/]i\s names are fir/ f\nd 9 a ,greek *ronicle ( ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury translat$ into ,lat9 by a ,m]ov+ian monk10 & are 8,bi?is>ea1 ,meli*ior1 ,ga?aspa40#bjej ,! prov5ance ( ! ,magi 0 v>i\sly /at$ by ! ,*ri/ian fa!rs3#bjea ,arabia accord+ to ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,epiphanius1 & ,t]tullian or ,pseudo-,t]tullian2 ,p]sia accord+ to ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,basil1 & ,cyril2 ,p]sia or ,*aldea accord+ to ,*ryso/om & ,diodorus ( ,t>sus2 ,*aldea accord+ to ,j]ome & ,augu/9e & ! philosoph] ,*alcidius 9 8 comm5t>y ^u ,plato's ,timaeus4#bjeb ,! homily :i* we 7 j consid]+ gave ! impression t !y came f ,india4 ,sid5ote3 ,liturgical drama ( ! ,magi3 ,! ,?ree ,k+s ( ,cologne4 ,9 ! middle ages ! ,magi appe>$ 9 liturgical drama z well z 9 art4 ,an e>ly in/ance is a t5? c5tury lection>y f ,compigne1 n[ pres]v$ at ,p>is1#bjec :]e aft] homilies by v>i\s fa!rs !re is add$ 9 a h& only slightly lat] ! liturgical drama ( ! adoration ( ! ,magi4 ,9 ! lat] middle ages !re came into exi/5ce ! ,hi/ory or ,de$s ( ! ,?ree ,k+s ( ,cologne1 z ! ,magi came to be call$ f ! suppos$ translation ( _! relics to t city4 ,_! bodies 7 said to h be5 br\ght by ! empress ,hel5a f ,india to ,con/ant9ople1 :5ce !y 7 transf]r$ to ,milan1 & aft] its de/ruction by ,b>b>ossa1 to ,cologne4 ,?is 8fabul\s n>ration10 z x has well be5 entitl$1#bjed also has mu* to say ( ! miracles ( ! apo/le ,?omas 9 ,india & ( ,pre/] ,john1 to :om we %all devote a lat] *apt]4 ,x ass]ts t ! ?ree k+s rea*$ ,j]usalem on ! ?irte5? day aft] ,*ri/'s bir? by a miracul\sly rapid transit by day & by night ( !mselves & _! armies to ! m>vel ( ! inhabitants ( ! t[ns ?r\gh :i* !y pass$1 or r1 flew4#bjee ,aft] !y _h return$ home & _h successively migrat$ to ,*ri/ above1 ano!r app>ition ( a /> m>k$ ?is fact4#bjef ,! treatise exi/s 9 _m manuscripts#bjeg & 0 pr9t$ m ?an once be=e #aejj4 ,sid5ote3 ,ano!r homily on ! ,magi4 ,f9ally we may note ! cont5ts ( ! homily on ! ,magi :i* imm$iately prec$es ! liturgical drama conc]n+ !m 9 ! above m5tion$ t5? c5tury lection>y4#bjeh ,! ,magi are said to h come on ! ?irte5? day ( ,*ri/'s nativity4 ,t !y came f ! ,ori5t 0 fitt+ s9ce !y s\ght "o ( :om x _h be5 writt51 ,ecce vir ori5s4 ,x 0 also fitt+ t ,*ri/'s com+ %\ld be ann\nc$ to %eph]ds ( ,israel by a rational angel1 to ,g5tile ,magi by an irrational />4 ,?is /> appe>$ nei!r 9 ! />ry heav5 nor on e>? b 9 ! air2 x _h n exi/$ be=e & ceas$ to exi/ aft] x _h fulfill$ its function4 ,al?\gh he has j said t ! /> appe>$ 9 ! air & n 9 ! sky1 ! prea*] n[ adds t :5 a new man 0 born 9 ! _w x 0 fitt+ t a new /> %\ld appe> 9 ! sky4 ,he also1 9 po9t+ out h[ all ! elem5ts recogniz$ t _! ,creator _h come into ! _w1 /ates t ! sky s5t a />1 ! sea all[$ ,him to walk ^u x1 ! sun 0 d>k5$1 /ones 7 brok5 & ! e>? quak$ :5 ,he di$4 ,sid5ote3 ,priscilliani/s answ]$4 ,s9ce ! h]etics kn[n z ,priscilliani/s h adduc$ ! /> at ,*ri/'s bir? to prove t e man is born "u ! fates ( ! />s1 ! prea*] endeavors to answ] !m4 ,he holds t s9ce ! /> came to :]e ,jesus lay ,he controll$ x r ?an vice v]sa4 ,!n foll[ ! usual argum5ts aga9/ g5e?lialogy t _m m5 born "u ! sign ,aqu>ius are n fi%]m51 t sons ( s]fs are born at ! same "t z pr9ces1 & ! case ( ,jacob & ,esau4 ,! /> 0 m]ely a sign to ! ,magi & by its tw9kl+ illum9at$ _! m9ds to seek ! new-born babe4 ,x seems sc>cely consi/5t t a /> :i* ! prea*] has call$ irrational %\ld illum9ate m9ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,numb] & race ( ! ,magi aga94 ,! homily goes on to say t op9ions diff] z to :o ! ,magi 7 & :5ce !y came4 ,ow+ to ! prophecy t ! k+s ( ,t>sus & ! isles (f] pres5ts1 ! k+s ( ! ,arabs & ,%eba br+ gifts1 "s reg>d ,t>sus1 ,arabia1 & ,%eba z ! homes ( ! ,magi4 ,o!rs call !m ,p]sians or ,*aldeans1 s9ce ,*aldeans are skill$ 9 a/ronomy4 ,o!rs say t !y 7 desc5dants ( ,balaam4 ,at any rate !y 7 ! fir/ ,g5tiles to seek ,*ri/ & !y are well said to h be5 ?ree1 symboliz+ fai? 9 ! ,tr9ity1 ! ?ree virtues1 fai?1 hope & *>ity1 ! ?ree safegu>ds aga9/ evil1 ?\ghts1 words & works1 & ! ?ree ,g5tile contributions to ! ,fai? ( physics1 e?ics1 & logic1 or natural1 moral1 & rational philosophy4 ,! prea*] !n indulges 9 fur!r allegorical int]pretation an5t ,h]od & :at 0 typifi$ by ! gifts ( ! ,magi4#bjei ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,natural ,,sci5ce3 ,,basil1 ,,epiphanius1 ,,& ,,! ,,physiologus ,lactantius n a fair example--,comm5t>ies on ! ,biblical acc\nt ( creation--,date & deliv]y ( ,basil's ,hexaem]on--,! ,hexaem]on ( ,ambrose--,basil's m$ieval influ5ce--,sci5ce & religion--,sci5tific curiosity ( ,basil's audi5ce--,allusions to amusem5ts--,conflicts ) ,greek sci5ce--,agreem5t ) ,greek sci5ce--,qualification ( ! ,scriptural acc\nt ( creation--,! f\r elem5ts & f\r qualities--,en?usiasm = nature z ,god's "w--,s9 & nature--,habits ( animals--,m>vels ( nature--,spontane\s g5]ation--,lack ( sci5tific scepticism--,sun wor%ip & a/rology--,p]man5ce ( species--,f9al impression f ! ,hexaem]on--,! ,m$ic9e ,*e/ ( ,epiphanius--,gems 9 ! high prie/'s brea/plate--,"s o!r gems--,! s-call$ ,physiologus2 problem ( its orig9--,does ! title apply to any "o p>ticul> treatise8--,& to :at sort ( a treatise8--,m$ieval art %[s almo/ no symbolic influ5ce ( ! ,physiologus--,physiologus 0 m natural sci5ti/ ?an allegori/4 ,sid5ote3 ,lactantius n a fair example4 ,! opposition ( e>ly ,*ri/ian ?\ght to natural sci5ce has be5 r unduly exagg]at$4 ,= in/ance1 ,lactantius1 "o ( ! lea/ favorable to ,greek philosophy & natural sci5ce ( ! fa!rs1 %\ld h>dly be cit$ z typical ( e>ly ,*ri/ian attitude 9 su* matt]s4 ,nor does 8 opposition impress "o z weighty4#bjfj ,he ridicules ! !ory ( ! ,antipodes1#bjfa :i* he p]haps und]/&s none too well1 ask+ if anyone c be s inept z to ?9k t !re are m5 ^: feet are above _! heads1 al?\gh he kn[s v well t ,greek sci5ce tea*es t all weights fall t[>ds ! c5t] ( ! e>?1 & t consequ5tly if ! feet are ne>] ! c5t] ( ! e>? t !y mu/ be bel[ ! head4 ,he cont9ues1 h[ev]1 to insi/ t ! philosoph]s are ei!r v /upid1 or j jok+1 or argu+ = ! sake ( argu+1 & he decl>es t he c\ld %[ by _m argum5ts t ! heav5 _c possibly be l[] ?an ! e>?--:i* no "o has ass]t$ except himself--if x 7 n already "t to close 8 ?ird book & beg9 ! f\r?4 ,app>5tly ,lactantius is ! "o :o is argu+ = ! sake ( argu+1 or j jok+1 or else v /upid1 & ,i fe> x is ! la/4 ,b o!r ,*ri/ian fa!rs 7 less d5se1 & we already h he>d ! cultur$ pagan ,plut>* sc(f at ! notion ( a sph]ical e>? & ( antipodes4 ,we may grant1 h[ev]1 t ! ecclesia/ical writ]s ( ! ,roman ,empire & e>ly m$ieval p]iod normally treat ( spiritual r ?an mat]ial !mes & discuss !m 9 a religi\s r ?an a sci5tific mann]4 ,sid5ote3 ,comm5t>ies on ! ,biblical acc\nt ( creation4 ,b 9 ! comm5t>ies ^u ! books ( ! ,bible :i* ! fa!rs multipli$ s volum9\sly x 0 necess>y = !m1 if !y began _! labors ) ,g5esis1 to deal at ! v />t 9 ! fir/ v]ses ( ! fir/ book ( ! ,bible ) an explanation ( nature :i* at sev]al po9ts 0 9 disagreem5t ) ! accept$ !ories ( ,greek philosophy & anci5t sci5ce4 ,su* comm5t ^u ! op5+ v]ses ( ,g5esis sometimes develop$ into a sep>ate treatise call$ ,hexaem]on f ! works ( ! six days ( creation :i* x discuss$4 ,( ! v>i\s treatises ( ?is type ! ,hexaem]on ( ,basil#bjfb seems to h be5 bo? ! be/#bjfc & ! mo/ influ5tial1 & w be consid]$ by u z an example ( ,*ri/ian attitude t[>ds ! natural sci5ce &1 to "s ext5t1 ! sup]/ition ( ! anci5t _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,date & deliv]y ( ,basil's ,hexaem]on4 ,basil di$ on ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y1 #cgi ,a4 ,d41 & 0 born ab\t #cbi4 ,:5 or :]e ! n9e homilies :i* compose 8 ,hexaem]on 7 prea*$ is n kn[n1 b f an allusion to 8 bodily infirmity 9 ! sev5? homily & 8 =getfulness ! next day 9 ,homily ,,viii we might inf] t x 0 late 9 life4 ,to all appe>ances ^! s]mons 7 tak5 d[n & h rea*$ u j z !y 7 deliv]$ to ! p1 to ^: daily life ,basil frequ5tly adv]ts4 ,! s]mons 7 deliv]$ e>ly 9 ! morn+ be=e ! artisans 9 ! audi5ce w5t to _! "w & aga9 at ! close ( ! day & be=e ! ev5+ meal1 s9ce ,basil sometimes speaks ( ! approa* ( d>kness surpris+ him & ( its consequ5tly be+ "t to /op4#bjfd ,"o ( ! sure/ indications ei!r t ! s]mons 7 deliv]$ extemporane\sly1 or t ,basil 0 repeat+ ) v>iations to suit ! occasion & pres5t audi5ce s]mons :i* he _h deliv]$ s (t5 z to h practically memoriz$1 occurs 9 ! eigh? homily :]e he />ts to discuss l& animals1 =gett+ t ! la/ day he did n get to birds1 b is pres5tly br\ght to a realization ( 8 omission by ! actions ( 8 audi5ce &1 aft] a pause & an apology1 makes a fre% />t ^u birds4 ,! ,hexaem]on 0 highly prais$ by ,basil's contempor>ies & 0 reg>d$ z ! be/ ( 8 works by lat] ,byzant9e lit]>y collectors & critics4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,hexaem]on ( ,ambrose4 ,basil's "w1 h[ev]1 0 n ! fir/ ( its k9d1 z ,hippolytus & ,orig51 at lea/1 are kn[n to h e>li] compos$ simil> treatises1 & /ill e>li] 9 ! treatise ( ,!ophilus ,to ,autolycus we f9d a few *apt]s#bjfe devot$ to ! six days ( creation4 ,9 "o ( 8 lett]s ,j]ome /ates t 8,ambrose rec5tly s compil$ ! ,hexaem]on ( ,orig5 t he r foll[$ ! views ( ,hippolytus & ,basil40#bjff ,?is ,lat9 "w ( ,ambrose is extant & seems to me to foll[ ,basil v closely4 ,at times ! ord] ( pres5tation is slightly v>i$ & ! "w ( ,ambrose is long]1 b ?is is due to its m v]bose rhetoric & great] indulg5ce 9 ,biblical quotation1 & n to ! introduction ( new ideas4 ,! ,b5$ict9e editors ( ,ambrose admit t he has tak5 a great deal f ,basil b d5y t he has s]vilely imitat$ him4#bjfg ,b a /rik+ in/ance ( su* s]vile imitation is se5 9 ,ambrose's duplicat+ ev5 ,basil's mi/ake 9 omitt+ to discuss birds & !n apologiz+ = x1 rem9d+ "o ( ! ,*9ese workman :o made all ! new d9n] plates ) a crack & a too?pick /uck 9 x1 l ! old brok5 plate :i* he _h be5 giv5 z a model4 ,x is true t ,ambrose does n fir/ discuss l& animals = a page z ,basil did1 b makes 8 apology m imm$iately4 ,! op5+ words ( ! eigh? s]mon 9 ! twelf? *apt] ( 8 fif? book are1 8,& aft] he _h rema9$ sil5t = a mom5t1 aga9 resum+ 8 disc\rse1 he said44440 ,!n comes 8 apology1 express$ 9 diff]5t t]ms f ,basil's & to ! effect t 9 8 previ\s disc\rse ^u fi%es he became s imm]s$ 9 ! dep?s ( ! sea z to =get all ab\t birds4 ,?us ! incid5t :i* 9 ,basil _h e appe>ance ( a natural mi/ake1 9 ,ambrose has all ! e>m>ks ( an affect$ imitation4 ,x is b>ely possible1 h[ev]1 t ,orig5 made ! orig9al mi/ake & t ,basil & ,ambrose h bo? imitat$ him 9 x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we are told t ! ,hexaem]ons ( ,orig5 & ,basil diff]$ fundam5tally 9 ?is respect1 t ,orig5 indulg$ to a great ext5t 9 allegorical int]pretation ( ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( creation1#bjfh :ile ,basil decl>es t he 8takes all 9 ! lit]al s5se10 is 8n a%am$ ( ! ,gospel10 & 8admits ! common s5se ( ! ,scriptures40#bjfi ,sid5ote3 ,basil's m$ieval influ5ce4 ,at any rate1 ,basil's ,hexaem]on seems to h supplant$ all su* previ\s treatises 9 ,greek1 :ile its we/]n influ5ce is %[n n only by ,ambrose's imitation ( x s soon aft] its production1 b by ,lat9 translations ( x by ,eu/a?ius ,af] 9 ! fif?1 & p]haps by ,dionysius ,exiguus 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,m$ieval manuscripts ( x are fairly num]\s & sometimes ( e>ly date1#bjgj & include an ,anglo-,saxon epitome ascrib$ to ,aelfric 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y4 ,b>?olomew ( ,engl&#bjga 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury quotes 8,rabanus :o uses ! words ( ,basil 9 ! ,hexaem]on0 = a description ( ! empyrean heav5 :i* ,i h be5 unable to f9d 9 ! works ( ei!r ,rabanus or ,basil4 ,b$e1 9 a simil>1 ?\gh mu* abbreviat$1 "w ( 8 own1 /ates t :ile _m h said _m ?+s conc]n+ ! beg9n+ ( ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 ! *ief au?orities1 s f> z he has be5 able to discov]1 are ,basil ( ,caes>ea1 :om ,eu/a?ius translat$ f ,greek into ,lat91 ,ambrose ( ,milan1 & ,augu/9e1 bi%op ( ,hippo4 ,^! works1 h[ev]1 7 s long & exp5sive t only ! ri* c\ld af=d to pur*ase !m & s pr(\nd t only ! le>n$ c\ld read & und]/& !m4 ,b$e _h accord+ly be5 reque/$ to compose a brief r5dition ( !m1 :i* he does p>tly 9 8 own words1 p>tly 9 !irs4#bjgb ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce & religion4 ,! g5]al t5or ( ,basil's treatise may be describ$ z foll[s4 ,he accepts ! lit]al s5se ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis z a correct acc\nt ( ! univ]se1 &1 :5 he f9ds ,greek philosophy & sci5ce 9 disagreem5t ) ! ,biblical n>rative1 inveighs aga9/ ! futilities & follies & conflict+ !ories & excessive elaborations ( ! philosoph]s4 ,on su* occasions ! simple /atem5ts ( ,scripture are suffici5t = him4 8,^u ! ess5ce ( ! heav5s we are cont5t$ ) :at ,isaiah says4444 ,9 ! same way1 z conc]ns ! e>?1 let u resolve n to torm5t ourselves by try+ to f9d out its ess5ce4444 ,at all ev5ts let u pref] ! simplicity ( fai? to ! demon/rations ( reason40#bjgc ,^! ?ree quotations illu/rate 8 attitude at su* times4 ,b at all o!r times he is apt to foll[ ,greek sci5ce r implicitly1 accept+ )\t "q its hypo!sis ( f\r elem5ts & f\r qualities1 & tak+ all 8 details ab\t birds1 bea/s1 & fi% f ! same s\rce4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5tific curiosity ( ,basil's audi5ce4 ,moreov]1 :ile ,basil may affirm t ! edification ( ! *ur* is 8 sole aim & int]e/1 x is evid5t t 8 audi5ce are possess$ by a lively sci5tific curiosity1 & t !y wi% to he> a great deal m ab\t natural ph5om5a ?an ,isaiah or any o!r ,biblical au?or has to (f] !m4 8,:at tr\ble y h giv5 me 9 my previ\s disc\rses10 exclaims ,basil 9 8 f\r? homily1 8by ask+ me :y ! e>? 0 invisible1 :y all bodies are naturally endu$ ) color1 & :y all color comes "u ! s5se ( sight8 ,& p]haps my reason did n appe> suffici5t to y4444 ,p]haps y w ask me new que/ions40 ,basil gratifies ?is curiosity conc]n+ ! _w ( nature ) _m details n m5tion$ 9 ! ,bible b drawn f su* works z ,ari/otle's ,meteorology & ,hi/ory ( ,animals4 ,?is sci5tific curiosity display$ by ,basil's he>]s is ! m int]e/+ 9 t artisans :o _h to labor = _! daily bread appe> to h made up a l>ge elem5t 9 8 audi5ce4#bjgd ,x is p]haps on _! acc\nt t ,basil (t5 speaks ( ,god z ! supreme artisan or artific] or arti/1#bjge or calls _! att5tion to 8! va/ & v>i$ work%op ( div9e creation10#bjgf & makes o!r flatt]+ allusions to arts :i* support life or produce endur+ "w1 & to wat]ways & sea trade4#bjgg ,he also seems to h a s9c]e appreciation ( ! arts & admiration ( beauty1 :i* he twice def9es4#bjgh ,sid5ote3 ,allusions to amusem5ts4 ,at ! risk ( digression1 x is p]haps wor? not+ fur!r t ,basil's he>]s seem to h be5 v famili> )1 n to say fond (1 ! amusem5ts common 9 ! cities ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,twice he op5s 8 s]mons ) allusions to ! a?letes ( ! circus & actors ( ! !at]1#bjgi app>5tly z ! sure/ way ( quickly cat*+ ! att5tion ( 8 audi5ce1 :ile on a ?ird occasion1 9 conclud+ 8 morn+ address on :at appe>s to h be5 a holiday1 he rem>ks t if he _h dismiss$ !m e>li]1 "s w\ld h sp5t ! re/ ( ! day gambl+ ) dice1 & t 8! long] ,i keep y1 ! long] y are out ( ! way ( mis*ief40#bjhj ,he also alludes to ! sp9n+ ( tops & to :at 0 app>5tly ! game ( pu%-ball4#bjha ,sid5ote3 ,conflicts ) ,greek sci5ce4 ,tak+ up ! cont5ts ( ! ,hexaem]on m 9 detail1 we may fir/ note ^? po9ts ^u :i* ,basil supports ! /atem5ts ( ! ,bible aga9/ ,greek sci5ce & philosophy4 ,he ( c\rse insi/s t ! univ]se 0 creat$ by ,god & is n co-exi/5t1 mu* less id5tical1 ) ,him4#bjhb ,he also d5ies t ! =m ( ! _w alone is due to ,god & t matt] is ( sep>ate orig94#bjhc ,nor w he accept ! argum5ts ( ! philosoph]s :o 8w\ld r lose _! tongues0 ?an admit t !re is m ?an "o heav54 ,basil is ready to believe n m]ely 9 a second1 b a ?ird heav51 su* z ! apo/le ,paul speaks ( be+ rapt to4 ,he reg>ds a plurality ( heav5s z no m difficult to cr$it ?an ! sev5 conc5tric sph]es ( ! planets1 & z mu* m probable ?an ! philosophic !ory ( ! music ( ! sph]es :i* he decries z 8+5i\s frivolity1 ! untru? ( :i* is evid5t f ! fir/ ^w40#bjhd ,he also def5ds ! /atem5t ( ,scripture t !re are wat]s above ! firmam5t1 n only aga9/ ! doctr9es ( anci5t a/ronomy1#bjhe b also aga9/ 8c]ta9 writ]s 9 ! *ur*10 among :om he probably has ,orig5 9 m9d1 :o int]pret ! passage figuratively & ass]t t ! wat]s /& = 8spiritual & incorporeal p[]s10 ^? above ! firmam5t repres5t+ good angels & ^? bel[ ! firmam5t /&+ = evil demons4 8,let u reject ^! !ories z we w\ld ! int]pretations ( dreams & old-wives' tales40#bjhf ,9 connection ) ,basil's def5se ( ! plurality ( ! heav5s x may be not$ t ,r4 ,h4 ,*>les pres5ts evid5ce to %[ 8t speculations or def9itely =mulat$ views on ! plurality ( ! heav5s 7 rife 9 ! v cradle ( ,*ri/5dom & ?r\gh\t its entire developm5t10 & t 8! prevail+ view 0 t ( ! sev5fold division ( ! heav5s40#bjhg ,he fails1 h[ev]1 to discrim9ate betwe5 ! doctr9e ( ,greek philosophy t ! univ]se 0 "o1 al?\gh ! circles ( ! planets are sev51 & ! plurality ( ! heav5s1 :i* ,basil insi/s t ! philosoph]s d5y2 & v probably ! ,jewi% & e>ly ,*ri/ian notions ( successive heav5s full ( angels & spirits develop$ f ! sph]es ( ! planets4 ,among ! v>i\s e>ly h]esies describ$ by ! fa!rs are also f\nd1 ( c\rse1 _m allusions to ^! sev5 sph]es or heav5s4 ,! disciples ( ,val5t9us1 = example1 accord+ to ,ir5aeus & ,epiphanius1 8affirm t ^! sev5 heav5s are intellig5t & speak ( !m z angels 444 & decl>e t ,p>adise1 situat$ above ! ?ird heav51 is a p[]ful angel40#bjhh ,sid5ote3 ,agreem5t ) ,greek sci5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we may note "s po9ts :]e ,basil is 9 accord ) ,greek sci5ce4 ,he w>ns 8 he>]s n to 8be surpris$ t ! _w nev] falls2 x occupies ! c5t] ( ! univ]se1 its natural place40#bjhi ,he advances num]\s pro(s ( ! imm5se size ( ! sun & moon4#bjij ,he accepts ! hypo!sis ( f\r elem5ts b ab/a9s f pass+ judgm5t ^u ! "q ( a fif? elem5t ( :i* ! heav5s & cele/ial bodies may be compos$4#bjia ,he ?9ks t 8x ne$s n ! space ( a mom5t = light to pass ?r\gh0 ! e!r4#bjib ,sid5ote3 ,qualification ( ! ,scriptural acc\nt ( creation4 ,moreov]1 ,basil f9ds x necess>y to qualify "s ( ! /atem5ts 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis4 ,he int]prets ! comm&1 8,let ! wat]s "u ! heav5 be ga!r$ toge!r unto "o place10 to apply only to ! sea or ocean1 :i* he cont5ds is "o body ( wat]1 & n to pools & lakes1#bjic recogniz+ t o!rwise 8our explanation ( ! creation ( ! _w may appe> contr>y to exp]i5ce1 because x is evid5t t all ! wat]s did n fl[ toge!r 9 "o place40 ,9 ?is connection he /ates t 8al?\gh "s au?orities ?9k t ! ,hyrcanian & ,caspian ,seas are enclos$ 9 _! own b\nd>ies1 if we are to believe ! geograph]s1 !y communicate ) ea* o!r & toge!r dis*>ge !mselves into ! ,great ,sea40 ,he speaks ( 8! va/ ocean1 s dread$ by navigators1 :i* surr\nds ! isle ( ,brita9 & we/]n ,spa940#bjid ,lat] he cont5ds t 8sea wat] is ! s\rce ( all ! moi/ure ( ! e>?40#bjie ,he has also to meet ! foll[+ objection made to ! elev5? & twelf? v]ses ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis3 8,h[ !n1 !y say1 c ,scripture describe all ! plants ( ! e>? z se$-be>+1 :5 ! re$1 c\*-grass1 m9t1 crocus1 g>lic1 & ! fl[]+ ru% & c\ntless o!r species produce no se$8 ,to ?is we reply t _m vegetables h _! sem9al virtue 9 ! l[] "p & 9 ! roots40#bjif ,sid5ote3 ,! f\r elem5ts & f\r qualities4 ,basil reg>ds ! words ( ,g5esis1 8,god call$ ! dry l& e>?10 z a recognition ( ! fact t dr\ght is ! primal prop]ty ( e>?1 z humidity is ( air2 cold1 ( wat]2 & heat1 ( fire4 ,he adds1 h[ev]1 t 8our eyes & s5ses c f9d no?+ :i* is completely s+ul>1 simple1 & pure4 ,e>? is at ! same "t dry & cold2 wat]1 cold & moi/2 air1 moi/ & w>m2 fire1 w>m & dry40#bjig ,inde$1 z he has already /at$ 9 ! previ\s homily1 ! mixture ( elem5ts 9 actual objects is ev5 m intricate ?an ?is la/ s5t5ce might seem to indicate4 ,e elem5t is 9 e o!r1 & we n only d n p]ceive ) our s5ses any pure elem5ts b n ev5 any comp\nds ( two elem5ts only4#bjih ,sid5ote3 ,en?usiasm = nature z ,god's "w4 ,basil is alive to ! absorb+ int]e/ ( ! _w ( nature & to ! m>vel\s intricacies ( natural sci5ce4 ,he tells 8 he>]s t z 8anyone n kn[+ a t[n is tak5 by ! h& & l$ ?r\gh x10 s he w guide !m 8?r\gh ! my/]i\s m>vels ( ?is great city ( ! univ]se40#bjii ,z he _h said 9 ! prec$+ homily1 8,a s+le plant1 a blade ( grass is suffici5t to occupy all y\r intellig5ce 9 ! contemplation ( ! skill :i* produc$ x40#bajj ,he sees 8great wisdom 9 small ?+s40#baja ,?us by ! argum5t f design he is apt to "w back f nature to ! ,creator1 s t 8 en?usiasm _c be reg>d$ z purely sci5tific4 ,go+ a /ep f>!r ?an ,gal5's argum5t f design1 he cont5ds t 8n a s+le ?+ has be5 creat$ )\t reason2 n a s+le ?+ is useless40#bajb ,sid5ote3 ,s9 & nature4 ,basil also *]i%es ! notion1 :i* we h already f\nd bo? 9 pagan & ,*ri/ian writ]s1 t human s9 leaves its /a9 or has its effect ^u nature4 ,! rose 0 )\t ?orns be=e ! fall ( man1 & _! addition to its beauty s]ves to rem9d u t 8sorr[ is v ne> to pleasure40#bajc ,sid5ote3 ,habits ( animals4 ,basil discusses ! habits ( animals l>gely 9 ord] to draw moral lessons f !m = human be+s & he has sev]al passages 9 ! /yle suppos$ to be *>act]i/ic ( ! ,physiologus4 ,b he also ref]s 9 a numb] ( places to ! ability ( animals to f9d rem$ies ) :i* to cure !mselves ( ailm5ts & injuries1 or to _! p[] ( div9+ ! future4 ,! sea-ur*9 =etells /orms2 %eep & goats disc]n dang] by in/9ct alone4 ,! />l+ eats hemlock & dige/s x 8be=e its *ill c attack ! vital p>ts02 & ! quail is able to fe$ on hellebore4 ,! w\nd$ be> nurses himself1 fill+ 8 w\nds ) mulle91 an a/r+5t plant2 8! fox heals 8 w\nds ) dropp+s f ! p9e tree02 ! tortoise c\nt]acts ! v5om ( ! vip]s x has eat5 by means ( ! h]b m>joram2 & 8! s]p5t heals sore eyes by eat+ f5nel40#bajd ,sid5ote3 ,m>vels ( nature4 ,inde$1 f> f be+ l$ by 8 acqua9tance ) ,greek sci5ce into d\bt+ ! m>vel\s1 ,basil f9ds 89 nature a ?\s& reasons = believ+ 9 ! m>vel\s40#baje ,he is ready to ascribe a/\nd+ p[]s to animals1 & believes1 l ,pl9y1 t 8! greate/ vessels1 sail+ ) full sails1 are easily /opp$ by a t9y fi%40#bajf ,he tells u t nature end[$ ! lion ) su* l\d & =ceful vocal organs 8t (t5 mu* swift] animals are caught by 8 ro>+ alone40#bajg ,he also repeats 9 *>m+ /yle ! famili> /ory ( ! halcyon days4 ,! halcyon lays its eggs along ! %ore 9 mid-w9t] :5 viol5t w9ds da% ! waves aga9/ ! l&4 ,yet w9ds are hu%$ & waves are calm dur+ ! sev5 days t ! halcyon sits1 & !n1 aft] its "y are hat*$ & 9 ne$ ( food1 8,god 9 8 munific5ce grants ano!r sev5 days to ?is t9y animal4 ,all sailors "k ?is & call ^! days halcyon days40#bajh ,sid5ote3 ,spontane\s g5]ation4 ,l mo/ anci5t sci5ti/s1 ,basil believes t "s animals are spontane\sly g5]at$4 8,_m birds h no ne$ ( union ) males to conceive10 a circum/ance :i* %\ld make x easy = u to believe 9 ! ,virg9 bir? ( ,*ri/4#baji ,gras%opp]s & o!r nameless insects & sometimes frogs & mice are 8born f ! e>? itself10 & 8mud alone produces eels10#baaj a !ory n mu* m amaz+ ?an ! ass]tion ( mod]n biologi/s t eels spawn only 9 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,basil /ates t 89 ! environs ( ,!bes 9 ,egypt aft] abundant ra9 9 hot wea!r ! c\ntry is cov]$ ) field mice10 b )\t not+ t abundant ra9 9 upp] ,egypt 9 hot wea!r w\ld itself be 9 ! nature ( a miracle4 ,sid5ote3 ,lack ( sci5tific scepticism4 ,basil is less sceptical ?an ,apollonius ( ,tyana 9 reg>d to ! bir? ( lions & ( vip]s1 repeat+ unque/ion+ly ! /atem5t t ! vip] gnaws its way out ( its "m's womb1 & t ! lioness be>s only "o :elp because x te>s h] ) its claws4#baaa ,( purely sci5tific scepticism !re is1 inde$1 little 9 ! ,hexaem]on4 ,basil does1 h[ev]1 "q "o ( ! p[]s ascrib$ to magicians1 & ?is is 8 only m5tion ( ! magic art4 ,discuss+ ! imm5se size ( ! moon & its great influ5ce ^u t]re/rial nature1 he decl>es ridicul\s ! old-wives' tales :i* h be5 circulat$ ev]y:]e t magic incantations 8c remove ! moon f its place & make x desc5d to ! e>?40#baab ,sid5ote3 ,sun wor%ip & a/rology4 ,sun wor%ip /ill exi/$ 9 ,basil's "t & he hails ! fact t ! sun 0 n creat$ until ! f\r? day1 aft] bo? light & vegetation 7 9 exi/5ce1 z a sev]e bl[ to ^? :o rev]5ce ! sun z ! s\rce ( life4#baac ,h[ev]1 he does 8n pret5d to be able to sep>ate light f ! body ( ! sun40#baad ,!ophilus 9 8 e>li] discussion ( creation _h /at$1 p]haps copy+ ,philo ,judaeus1 t ! lum9>ies 7 n creat$ until ! f\r? day1 8because ,god1 :o possesses =ekn[l$ge1 knew ! follies ( ! va9 philosoph]s1 t !y 7 go+ to say1 t ! ?+s :i* gr[ on e>? are produc$ f ! heav5ly bodies0--:i* is1 inde$1 a fundam5tal hypo!sis ( a/rology--8s z to exclude ,god4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 t ! tru? might be obvi\s1 ! plants & se$s 7 produc$ prior to ! heav5ly bodies1 = :at is po/]ior _c produce t :i* is prior40#baae ,basil does n make ?is po9t aga9/ ! rule ( inf]ior creation by ! heav5ly bodies1 b 9 a succe$+ homily he feels x necess>y to devote sev]al p>agraphs#baaf to refutation ( ! 8va9 sci5ce0 ( ca/+ nativities1 :i* "s p]sons h ju/ifi$ by ! words ( ,god conc]n+ sun1 moon1 & />s 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 8,& let !m be = signs40 ,basil que/ions if x be possible to det]m9e ! exact in/ant ( bir?1 decl>es t to attribute to ! con/ellations & signs ( ! zodiac ! *>act]i/ics ( animals is to subject !m to ext]nal influ5ces1 & def5ds human free w 9 mu* ! usual fa%ion4 ,he is ready1 h[ev]1 to grant t 8! v>iations ( ! moon d n take place )\t ex]t+ great influ5ce ^u ! organization ( animals & ( all liv+ ?+s10 & t ! moon makes 8all nature p>ticipate 9 h] *anges40#baag ,sid5ote3 ,p]man5ce ( species4 ,basil's utt]ances conc]n+ ! _w ( nature are n always consi/5t4 ,9 describ+ ! creation ( vegetation he ass]ts t species are un*ang+1 affirm+ t 8all :i* sprang f ! e>? 9 ! fir/ br++ =? is kept ! same to our "t1 ?anks to ! con/ant reproduction ( k9d40#baah ,yet a few p>agraphs lat] we f9d him say+1 8,x has be5 obs]v$ t p9es1 cut d[n or ev5 submitt$ to ! action ( fire1 are *ang$ into a =e/ ( oaks40#baai ,nev]!less 9 ! la/ homily he aga9 ass]ts t 8nature1 once put 9 motion by div9e comm&1 444 keeps up ! succession ( k9ds ?r\gh resemblance to ! la/4 ,nature always makes a horse succe$ to a horse1 a lion to a lion1 an eagle to an eagle1 & pres]v+ ea* animal by ^! un9t]rupt$ successions %e transmits x to ! end ( all ?+s4 ,animals d n see _! peculi>ities de/roy$ or effac$ by any l5g? ( "t2 _! nature1 z ?\gh x _h j be5 con/itut$1 foll[s ! c\rse ( ages =ev] "y40#babj ,sid5ote3 ,f9al impression f ! ,hexaem]on4 ,conc]n+ ,basil 9 conclusion we may say t :ile he c sc>cely be call$ mu* ( a sci5ti/1 he is a pretty good sci5ti/ = a prea*]4 ,8 k (1 & errors conc]n+1 ! _w ( nature w probably comp>e q z well ) ! sci5ce ( 8 day z ^? ( mo/ mod]n s]mons w ) ! sci5ce ( our days4 ,8 occasional fl+s at ,greek philosophy are probably n to be tak5 too s]i\sly4 ,b :at int]e/s u r m ?an ,basil's attitude is t ( 8 audi5ce1 curi\s conc]n+ nature4 ,j z x is evid5t t _m ( !m g to !at]s & circuses1 or play ) dice1 despite ,basil's d5unciation ( ! immoral songs ( ! /age & ! evils ( gambl+2 j s1 we suspect1 x 0 ! attractive morsels ( ,greek a/ronomy1 botany1 & zoology :i* he (f]$ !m t induc$ !m to come & li/5 fur!r to 8 argum5t f design & 8 moral lessons bas$ ^u ^! natural ph5om5a4 ,nor 7 !y likely to obs]ve 8 c5sure ( incantations & nativities m closely ?an 8 condemnation ( !at] & gam+4 ,x w\ld be ra% to inf] t !y always practic$ :at he prea*$4 ,by ! same tok51 ev5 if ! *ur* fa!rs _h oppos$ sci5tific inve/igation--& x h>dly appe>s t !y did--!y w\ld probably h be5 no m successful 9 *eck+ x ?an !y 7 9 *eck+ ! comm]ce ( ,con/ant9ople1 al?\gh 8,s4 ,ambrose reg>ds ! ga9s ( m]*ants z = ! mo/ "p fraudul5t1 & ,s4 ,*ryso/om's language has be5 g5]ally appeal$ to 9 a simil> s5se40#baba ,sid5ote3 ,! ,m$ic9e ,*e/ ( ,epiphanius4 ,! same recognition ( an int]e/ 9 nature on ! "p ( 8 audi5ce & ! same appeal to _! sci5tific curiosity1 :i* we h se5 9 ,basil's s]mons1 is %[n by ,epiphanius ( ,cyprus 7#cae-djc7 writ+ 9 #cgd-cge ,a4 ,d4#babb ,he calls 8 "w aga9/ h]esies ! ,pan>ion1 or 8,m$ic9e ,*e/10 8 idea be+ to provide antidotes & heal+ h]bs 9 ! =m ( salubri\s doctr9e aga9/ ! v5om ( h]etics ^: enigmas he comp>es to ! bites ( s]p5ts or wild bea/s4 ,?is metaphor is m or less adh]$ to ?r\gh\t ! "w1 & p>ticul> h]esies are comp>$ to ! asp1 basilisk1 dipsas1#babc bupre/is1#babd liz>d1 dog-fi% or %>k1 mole1 c5tip$e1 scorpion1 & v>i\s vip]s4 ,we are fur!r told ( sub/ances t drive away s]p5ts1 su* z ! h]bs dictamnon1 abrotonum1 & libanotis1 ! gum /orax1#babe & ! /one gagates4 ,z 8 au?orities 9 su* matt]s ,epiphanius /ates t he uses ,nic&] = ! natures ( bea/s & reptiles1 & = roots & plants ,dioscorides1 ,pamphilus1 ,mi?ridates ! k+1 ,calli/h5es & ,philo1 ,iolaos ! ,bi?ynian1 ,h]aclides ( ,t>5tum1 & a numb] ( o!r names4#babf ,sid5ote3 ,gems 9 ! high prie/'s brea/plate4 ,if 9 8 ,pan>ion ,epiphanius makes use ( anci5t botany1 m$ic9e1 & zoology = purposes ( comp>ison1 9 8 treatise on ! twelve gems 9 ! brea/plate ( ! ,hebrew high prie/#babg he p]haps gives an excuse & sets ! fa%ion = ! ,*ri/ian m$ieval ,lapid>ies4 ,?is "w 0 probably compos$ aft] ! ,pan>ion1 & 9 ! op9ion ( ,fogg9ius ev5 lat] ?an #cib ,a4 ,d4#babh ,?is treatise probably 0 bett] kn[n 9 ! middle ages ?an ! ,pan>ion1 s9ce ! fulle/ v]sion ( x extant is ! old ,lat9 "o1 :ile ! ,greek text :i* has surviv$ seems only a v brief epitome4 ,! ,greek v]sion1 h[ev]1 embodies a good deal ( :at is said conc]n+ ! gems !mselves & _! virtues1 b omits entirely ! long ef=t to id5tify ea* ( ! twelve /ones ) "o ( ! twelve tribes ( ,israel1 :i* is left unf9i%$ ev5 9 ! ,lat9 v]sion4 ,epiphanius %[s himself r *>y 9 reg>d to su* virtues attribut$ to gems z to calm /orms1 make m5 pacific1 & conf] ! p[] ( div9ation4 ,he does n g s f> z to omit !m entirely1 b he usually qualifies !m z ! ass]tion ( 8^? :o con/ruct fables0 or 8^? :o believe fables40 ,x is )\t any su* qualification1 h[ev]1 t he decl>es t ! topaz1#babi :5 gr\nd on a physician's gr9d/one1 al?\gh r$ itself1 emits a :ite milky fluid1 &1 moreov]1 t z _m vessels z "o wi%es may be fill$ ) ?is fluid )\t *ang+ ! appe>ance or %ape or less5+ ! weight ( ! /one4 ,skill$ physicians also attribute to ?is liquid a heal+ effect 9 eye tr\bles1 9 hydrophobia1 & 9 ! case ( ^? :o h gone mad f eat+ grape-fi%4 ,sid5ote3 ,"s o!r gems4 ,epiphanius m5tions a few o!r gems ?an ^? 9 ! high prie/'s brea/plate4 ,among ^! is ! /one hyac9?#bacj :i*1 :5 plac$ ^u live coals1 ext+ui%es !m )\t injury to itself & :i* is also b5eficial to wom5 9 *ildbir?1 & drives away phantasms4 ,c]ta9 v>ieties ( x are f\nd 9 ! nor? among ! b>b>\s ,scy?ians4 ,! gems lie at ! bottom ( a deep valley :i* is inaccessible to m5 because wall$ 9 completely by m\nta9s1 & moreov] f ! summits "o _c see into ! valley because ( a d>k mi/ :i* cov]s x4 ,h[ m5 ev] became cognizant ( ! fact t !re are gems !re may well be wond]$ b is a po9t :i* ,epiphanius does n take into consid]ation4 ,he simply tells u t :5 m5 are s5t to obta9 "s ( ^! /ones1 !y sk9 %eep & hurl ! c>casses into ! valley :]e "s ( ! gems adh]e to ! fle%4 ,! odor ( ! raw meat !n attracts ! eagles1 ^: ke5] sight is p]haps able to p5etrate ! mi/1 al?\gh ,epiphanius does n say s1 & !y c>ry ! c>rion to _! ne/s 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,! m5 wat* :]e ! eagles h tak5 ! meat & g !re & f9d ! gems :i* h be5 br\ght out ) x4 ,9 ! middle ages we f9d ?is same /ory 9 a slightly diff]5t =m told ( ,alex&] ! ,great on 8 exp$ition to ,india4 ,epiphanius has "o ?+ to tell ( ,india himself 9 connection ) gems1 :i* is t a temple ( ,fa!r ,lib] 7,bac*us7 is locat$ !re :i* is said to h ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five /eps1--all ( sapphire4#baca ,sid5ote3 ,! s-call$ ,physiologus3 problem ( its orig94 ,! problem ( an e>ly ,*ri/ian "w entitl$ ,physiologus is no easy "o1 al?\gh mu* has be5 writt5 conc]n+ x#bacb & m has be5 tak5 = grant$4 ,= in/ance1 "o (t5 meets su* wild & sweep+ /atem5ts z t 8! "n ,physiologus0 0 8giv5 to a cyclop$ia ( :at 0 kn[n & imag9$ ab\t e>?1 sea1 sky1 birds1 bea/s1 & fi%es1 :i* = a ?\s& ye>s 0 ! au?oritative s\rce ( in=mation on ^! matt]s & 0 translat$ into e ,european tongue40#bacc ,my lat] treatm5t ( m$ieval sci5ce w make pat5t ! inaccuracy ( su* a /atem5t4 ,b to return to ! problem ( ! orig9 ( ,physiologus4 ,! orig9al ,greek text1#bacd :i* "s w\ld put back 9 ! fir/ half ( ! second c5tury ( our era1 if x ev] exi/$1 is n[ lo/1 & its previ\s exi/5ce & "* are inf]r$ f num]\s app>5t citations ( x1 possible extracts f x1 & :at are tak5 to be imitations1 abbreviations1 amplifications1 adaptations1 & translations ( x 9 o!r languages & ( lat] date4 ,?us we h v]sions or fragm5ts 9 ,arm5ian1#bace ,syriac1#bacf ,e?iopian1#bacg & ,arabic2#bach a ,greek text f m$ieval manuscripts1 mo/ly ( late date2#baci v>i\s ,lat9 v]sions 9 num]\s manuscripts f ! eigh? c5tury on2#badj 9 ,old ,high ,g]man a prose translation ( ab\t #ajjj ,a4 ,d4 & a poetical v]sion lat] 9 ! same language2#bada & ,be/i>ies su* z ^? ( ,philip ( ,?aon#badb & ,william ! ,cl]k#badc 9 ! ,romance languages#badd & o!r v]nacul>s4#bade ,! ,physiologus has be5 ?\ght to h orig9at$ 9 ,alex&ria because ( its use ( ! ,egyptian names = ! mon?s & because ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria & ,orig5 are suppos$ to h made use ( x4 ,b x is difficult to det]m9e :e!r ! *ur* fa!rs drew passages conc]n+ animals & nature f "s su* "w or :e!r x 0 a collection ( passages f _! writ+s ^u su* !mes4 ,ahr5s1 :o ?\ght he f\nd ! orig9al =m ( ! "w 9 a ,syriac ,book ( ! ,?+s ( ,nature1#badf reg>d$ ,orig5 z its au?or4 ,9 a m$ical manuscript at ,vi5na is a ,physiologus 9 ,greek ascrib$ to ,epiphanius ( ,cyprus1#badg ( :om we h j be5 treat+1 :ile we he> t ,pope ,gelasius at a synod ( #dif condemn$ z apocryphal a ,physiologus :i* 0 writt5 by h]etics & ascrib$ to ,ambrose1#badh :o s closely duplicat$ ! ,hexaem]on ( ,basil4 ,a "w on ! natures ( animals is also attribut$ to ,john ,*ryso/om4#badi ,i am n sure :e!r a ,physiologus ascrib$ to ,john ! ,scot 9 a t5? c5tury ,lat9 manuscript is ! same "w4#baej ,sid5ote3 ,does ! title apply to any "o p>ticul> treatise8 ,! ,physiologus is commonly describ$ z a symbolic be/i>y1 9 :i* ! *>act]i/ics & prop]ties ( animals are accompani$ by ,*ri/ian allegories & in/ruction4 ,"s h almo/ gone s f> z to hold t any passages ( ?is sort are evid5ce ( an au?or's hav+ employ$ ! ,physiologus1 :i* "s h held influ5c$ ! middle ages m ?an any o!r book except ! ,bible4 ,b ,pitra's po9t is well tak5 t ! ,physiologus is "o ?+ & ! allegorical int]pretation !re( ano!r4 ,9 ! case ( ! discordant v]sions or fragm5ts :i* he ga!r$ & publi%$ f diff]5t manuscripts1 c5turies1 & languages1 he not$ "o common feature1 t ! allegorical int]pretation 0 %>ply sep>at$ f ! extracts f ,physiologus & sometimes omitt$ entirely4 ,?is is :at "o w\ld naturally expect s9ce a physiologus is a natural sci5ti/ on ^: /atem5ts conc]n+ ?is or t ! allegorical int]pretation is presumably bas$ & add$ !reto4 ,b ?is sugge/s ano!r difficulty 9 id5tify+ ,physiologus z a s+le "w4 ,! abbreviations = ! ^w 9 m$ieval manuscripts are v easily confus$ ) ^? = philosoph]s or phisici 7physical sci5ti/s71 & j z m$ieval writ]s (t5 cite :at ! philosoph]s say or ! phisici say )\t hav+ ref]5ce to any p>ticul> book1 s may !y n cite :at physiologi or ev5 physiologus says )\t hav+ any p>ticul> writ] 9 m9d8 ,9 ! ,de be/iis ascrib$ to ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor ( ! twelf? c5tury physici are cit$#baea z well z ,physiologus4 ,:5 ,alb]tus ,magnus /ates 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury 9 8 "w on m9]als t ! physiologi h assign$ v diff]5t causes = ! m>vel\s occult virtue 9 /ones1 he evid5tly simply alludes to ! op9ions ( sci5ti/s 9 g5]al & has no su* "w or works z ! s-call$ ,physiologus 9 m9d4#baeb ,?is is also cle>ly ! case 9 a fragm5t f ! introduction to a ,lat9 translation f ! ,arabic ( "s treatise on ! a/rolabe1 9 :i* we f9d phisiologi cit$ z a/ronomical au?orities4#baec ,fur!rmore1 ev5 9 works :i* deal ) ! natures ( animals & :i* ei!r h ! ^w ,physiologus 9 _! titles or cite x n[ & !n 9 ! c\rse ( _! texts1 !re exi/s su* div]sity t x becomes fairly evid5t n only t x is impossible to d$uce f !m ! li/ ( animals treat$ 9 ! orig9al ,physiologus or ! details :i* x gave conc]n+ ea*1 b also t x is highly probable t ! title ,physiologus has be5 appli$ to diff]5t treatises :i* did n necess>ily h a common orig94 ,or at lea/ ! greate/ lib]ties 7 tak5 ) ! orig9al text & title1#baed s t ! ^w ,physiologus came to apply less to any p>ticul> book1 au?or1 or au?ority ?an to almo/ any treatm5t ( animals 9 a c]ta9 /yle4 ,sid5ote3 ,& to :at sort ( a treatise8 ,b ( :at /yle8 ,x has too (t5 be5 assum$ t !ology dom9at$ all m$ieval ?\ght & t natural sci5ce 0 employ$ only = purposes ( religi\s symbolism4 ,( ?is g5]al assumption ! ,physiologus has be5 seiz$ ^u z an apt illu/ration & x has be5 repres5t$ z a symbolic be/i>y :i* influ5c$ ! middle ages m ?an any o!r book except ! ,bible#baee & ^: allegories acc\nt$ = ! animal sculpture ( ! ,go?ic ca!drals & ! /range or famili> bea/s 9 ! bord]s ( ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry1 ! m>g9s ( illum9at$ manuscripts1 & s on & s =?4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$ieval art %[s almo/ no symbolic influ5ce ( ! ,physiologus4 ,! m rec5t sci5tific /udy ( m$ieval art has l>gely dissipat$ ?is latt] notion4 ,x has become evid5t t 9 ! ma9 m$ieval m5 repres5t$ animals 9 art because !y 7 fond ( animals1 n because !y 7 fond ( allegories4 ,_! art 0 natural1 n symbolic4 ,!y 71 says ,mle1 8craftsm5 :o delight$ 9 nature = its own sake1 sometimes lov+ly copy+ ! liv+ =ms1 sometimes play+ ) !m1 comb9+ & contort+ !m z !y 7 l$ by _! own caprice40 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 al?\gh 8! pr9ce ( allegori/s10 saw no s5se 9 ! animal sculptures 9 ,romanesque cloi/]s & inveigh$ aga9/ !m4 ,9 %ort1 ) ! exception ( ! symbols ( ! f\r evangeli/s1 8!re are few cases 9 :i* x is p]missible to assign symbolic mean+ to animal =ms10 & x is 8evid5t t ! fauna & flora ( m$ieval art1 natural or fanta/ic1 h 9 mo/ cases a value t is purely decorative40 8,to sum up10 concludes ,mle1 8we are ( ! op9ion t ! ,be/i>ies ( :i* we he> s mu* f ! ar*aeologi/s _h no real influ5ce on art until _! sub/ance pass$ into ,honorius ( ,autun's book 7,speculum ecclesiae1 c4 #ajij-aabj7 & f t book into s]mons4 ,i h se>*$ 9 va9 7) b two exceptions7 = repres5tations ( ! h$gehog1 beav]1 tig]1 & o!r animals :i* figure 9 ! ,be/i>ies b :i* are n m5tion$ by ,honorius40#baef ,sid5ote3 ,physiologus 0 m natural sci5ti/ ?an allegori/4 ,^! ass]tions conc]n+ m$ieval art hold true also to a l>ge ext5t ( m$ieval lit]ature & m$ieval sci5ce1 al?\gh !y 7 p]haps less natural & orig9al ?an x & m dep5d5t on pa/ tradition & au?ority4 ,b m$ieval m51 z we %all see1 /udi$ nature f sci5tific curiosity & n 9 se>* = spiritual allegories1 & ev5 ,gold/aub recognizes t by ! ?irte5? c5tury ! sci5tific zoology ( ,ari/otle subm]g$ t ( ! ,physiologus 9 writ]s l ,?omas ( ,cantimpr & ,alb]tus ,magnus :o1 al?\gh !y may /ill embody portions ( ! ,physiologus1 dive/ x ( its *>act]i/ic religi\s elem5ts4#baeg ,b 7 its *>act]i/ic elem5ts ev] religi\s8 ,7 !y n always sci5tific or pseudo-sci5tific8 ,ahr5s holds t ! title 0 tak5 f ,ari/otle 9 ! fir/ place1 & t ,pl9y 0 ! *ief s\rce = ! cont5ts4 ,! allegories d n appe> 9 su* e>ly texts z ! ,syriac v]sion or ! fragm5ts pres]v$ 9 ! ,lat9 ,gloss>y ( ,ansileubus4 ,n ev5 ! introductory scriptural texts appe> 9 ! ,greek v]sion ascrib$ to ,epiphanius4 ,moreov]1 9 ! ,be/i>ies :]e ! allegorical applications are includ$1 x is = ! natures ( ! animals1 ! suppos$ly sci5tific facts on :i* ! symbolism is bas$1 & = ^! alone t ,physiologus is cit$ 9 ! text4 ,?us ! symbolism w\ld appe> to be some:at adv5titi\s1 :ile ! pseudo-sci5ce is con/ant4 ,x is obvi\s t ! allegorical applications _c d )\t ! suppos$ facts conc]n+ animals2 on ! o!r h&1 ! suppos$ly sci5tific in=mation c & does frequ5tly disp5se ) ! allegories4 ,we d n "k :o 0 responsible = ! allegorical int]pretations 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,hommel w\ld c>ry ! orig9 ( _! symbolism back ( ! ,*ri/ian era to ! animal wor%ip ( ,p]sia1 ,india1 & ,egypt4#baeh ,b we are assur$ ov] & ov] aga9 t ,natural ,sci5ti/ or ,physiologus v\*es = ! /atem5ts conc]n+ ! natures ( animals4 ,?us ! symbolic significance ( ! lit]ature t has be5 gr\p$ "u ! title ,physiologus has be5 exagg]at$1 :ile ! respect = & int]e/ 9 natural sci5ce to :i* x te/ifies h too (t5 be5 lo/ sight (4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,augu/9e ,,on ,,magic ,,& ,,a/rology ,date & influ5ce ( ,augu/9e--,*ri/ianity & magic--,c5sure ( magic & !urgy z well z ,goetia--,magic due to demons--,m>vels wr\ght by magic--,_c be equall$ by mo/ ,*ri/ians--,miracles ( h]etics--,!ory ( demons--,limitations to ! p[] ( magic--,its fanta/ic "*--,samuel & ! wit* ( ,endor--,natural m>vels--,relation betwe5 magic & sci5ce--,sup]/itions ak9 to magic--,survival ( pagan sup]/ition among ! laity--,augu/9e's attack ^u a/rology--,fate & free w--,argum5t f tw9s--,def5se ( ! a/rolog]s--,elections--,are animals & plants "u ! />s8--,failure to disprove ! control ( nature by ! />s--,natural div9ation & prophetic visions--,! /> at ,*ri/'s bir?--,nature ( ! />s--,orosius on ! ,priscilliani/s & ,orig5i/s--,augu/9e's lett]--,attitude t[>d a/ronomy--,p]fect numb]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,date & influ5ce ( ,augu/9e4 ,! utt]ances ( ,augu/9e conc]n+ magic & a/rology h be5 res]v$ = sep>ate treatm5t 9 ?is *apt]1 p>tly because ( 8 late date1 #ced to #dcj ,a4 ,d41 p>tly because ( ! volum9\sness ( 8 writ+s1 b especially because ( 8 approa* to & influ5ce ^u ! ?\ght ( ! middle ages4 ,x is1 moreov]1 9 8 epo*-mak+ book1 ,! ,city ( ,god1 :i* bett] ?an any o!r s+le ev5t m>ks1 or at lea/ sums up1 ! transition f classical to m$ieval civilization1 f ! life ( ! anci5t city to t ( ! m$ieval *ur*1 t he descants ) especial fulness ^u magic1 demons1 & a/rology1 al?\gh he (t5 also ref]s to ^! !mes 9 8 o!r treatises1 :i* we %all cite z well4 ,i sep>ate ! words1 magic & a/rology1 "h because ,augu/9e1 l mo/ ( ! fa!rs1 does s4 ,( ,augu/9e's discussion ( ! ,biblical acc\nt ( creation 9 8 ,confessions & ,de ,g5esi ad litt]am ,i %all n treat1 hav+ already pres5t$ ,basil's ,hexaem]on z an example ( ?is type ( "w & ( ! ,*ri/ian attitude t[>d natural sci5ce4#baei ,b lat] 9 treat+ ( m$ieval writ]s on nature ,i may h occasion to po9t out c]ta9 passages 9 :i* !y may h be5 influ5c$ by ,augu/9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/ianity & magic4 ,ev5 ?\gh writ+ 9 ! fif? c5tury ,augu/9e /ill f9ds x necess>y to def5d ,*ri/ aga9/ ^? :o imag9e t ,he has conv]t$ peoples to ,himself by means ( ! magic art4#bafj ,& he tells u ( books ( magic :i* are ascrib$ to ,*ri/ ,himself or to ! apo/les ,pet] & ,paul4#bafa ,9 reply to su* *>ges or ass]tions he insi/s t ,*ri/ians h no?+ to d ) magic1 & t _! miracles 87 wr\ght by simple confid5ce & dev\t fai?1 n by incantations & spells comp\nd$ by an art ( deprav$ curiosity40#bafb ,& he br+s ! c\nt]-*>ge aga9/ ,roman religion t ,k+ ,numa1 its f\nd]1 le>n$ its secrets & sacr$ rites by means ( hydromancy or necromancy4#bafc ,he admits1 h[ev]1 t condemnation ( magic & legislation aga9/ x _h begun be=e ,*ri/ianity4#bafd ,sid5ote3 ,magic & !urgy c5sur$ z well z ,goetia4 ,augu/9e uni=mly speaks ( magic ) c5sure & sev]al times adv]ts to 8! crimes ( magicians40#bafe ,he speaks1 h[ev]1 ( goetia or sorc]y z 8a m dete/able "n0 ?an magia & ( 8!urgy0 z 8an honorable "n40 ,he also /ates t "s p]sons draw a di/9ction betwe5 ! malefici or sorc]]s or practition]s ( goetia1 :om !y call truly guilty ( illicit arts & des]v+ ( condemnation1 & ^? :o practice !urgy1 :om !y call praisewor?y4 ,porphyry1 = in/ance1 _h /at$ t !urgy 0 useful to purge ! s\l & prep>e x to receive spirits & to see ,god4 ,augu/9e1 h[ev]1 holds t 9 o!r passages ,porphyry condemn$ !urgy1 & 9 any case he himself refuses to sanction x4#baff ,he /\tly d5ies t 8s\ls are purg$ & reconcil$ to ,god ?r\gh sacrilegi\s lik5esses & impi\s curiosity & magic consecrations40#bafg ,v possibly ,augu/9e w\ld h class$ z improp] !urgy "s ( ! use ( p[]ful names describ$ by ,orig54 ,sid5ote3 ,magic due to demons4 ,at any rate ,augu/9e decl>es t !urgi/s & sorc]]s alike 8are entangl$ 9 ! deceitful rites ( demons :o may masqu]ade "u ! names ( angels40#bafh ,= x is to demons t ,augu/9e1 l mo/ ( our ,*ri/ian writ]s1 attributes bo? ! orig9 & ! success ( magic4 ,! demons are entic$ by m5 to "w m>vels1 n by (f]+s ( food1 z if !y 7 animals1 b by symbols :i* con=m to ! individual ta/e ( ea* z a _s1 namely1 v>i\s /ones1 plants1 trees1 animals1 incantations1 & c]emonies1#bafi--;a good brief summ>y ( ! mat]ials & me?ods ( magic4 ,augu/9e believes t ! spirits _h fir/ to in/ruct m5 :at rites to p]=m & by :at names to call !m 9 ord] to summon !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>vels wr\ght by magic4 ,b :5 once ! demons h reveal$ _! secrets1 h5ce=? ! *>ms ( ! magic art h efficacy4 ,( ! m>vels work$ by means ( magic ,augu/9e has little d\bt2 to d5y !m w\ld inde$ 9 8 op9ion be to d5y ! tru? ( ! ,scriptures1 to ^: acc\nts ( ,ph>aoh's magicians1#bagj ! wit* ( ,endor1 & ! ,magi & ! />1 he adv]ts _m times 9 8 v>i\s works4 ,if actors 9 ! !at] & p]=m]s 9 spectacles are able by art & ex]cise to display a/\nd+ alt]ations 9 ! appe>ance ( _! e>?ly bodies1 :y may n ! demons ) _! a]ial bodies produce m>vel\s *anges 9 elem5t>y sub/ances or by occult influ5ce con/ruct phantom images to delude human s5ses8#baga ,augu/9e ev5 grants t ! magicians are able to t]rify ! inf]ior spirits into ob$i5ce to _! comm&s by adjur+ !m by ! names ( sup]ior spirits1 & !reby ) div9e p]mission 8to exhibit to ! eye ( s5se c]ta9 results :i* seem great & m>vel\s to m5 :o ?r\gh weakness ( ! fle% are incapable ( behold+ ?+s et]nal40 ,he does n reg>d ?is z inconsi/5t ) ! ass]tion ( ,jesus t ,satan _c ca/ out ,satan1 s9ce :ile x may be t ?us demons are expell$ f sick bodies1 ! evil "o !reby only ! m surely takes possession ( ! s\l4#bagb ,sid5ote3 ,_c be equall$ by mo/ ,*ri/ians4 ,augu/9e fur!r grants t magicians1 al?\gh /a9$ ) crime1 c at pres5t "w miracles :i* mo/ ,*ri/ians & ev5 mo/ sa9ts _c p]=m4 ,= ?is1 h[ev]1 he f9ds ,scriptural prec$5t4 ,ph>aoh's magicians p]=m$ feats :i* none ( ! ,*ildr5 ( ,israel c\ld equal except ,moses :o excell$ !m by div9e aid4 ,augu/9e1 l e>li] fa!rs1 usually fails to m5tion ,a>on 9 ?is connection4#bagc ,?is sup]iority ( magicians to mo/ ,*ri/ians 9 work+ m>vels ,augu/9e believes is div9ely orda9$ s t ,*ri/ians may rema9 humble & practice works ( ju/ice r ?an seek to p]=m miracles4 ,magicians seek _! own glory2 ! sa9ts /rive only = ! glory ( ,god4 ,& ! m m>vel\s are ! feats ( magic1 ! m ,*ri/ians %\ld %un !m2 ! great] ! p[] ( ! demons1 ! clos] ,*ri/ians %\ld cl+ to t ,m$iator :o alone c raise m5 f ! l[e/ dep?s4#bagd ,sid5ote3 ,miracles ( h]etics4 ,l ,orig51 ,augu/9e fur!r di/+ui%es ! miracles wr\ght by h]etics bo? f magic & f ! miracles ( true ,*ri/ians4 ,he holds t e s\l 9 "p controls itself & ex]cises z x 7 a private jurisdiction1 9 "p is subject to ! laws ( ! univ]se j z any citiz5 is am5able to public jurisdiction4 ,!re=e magicians p]=m _! m>vels by private contracts ) demons2 good ,*ri/ians p]=m !irs by public ju/ice2 bad ,*ri/ians p]=m !irs by ! appe>ance or signs ( public ju/ice4#bage ,?is view w\ld seem to indicate t ,god1 l ! demons1 reg>ds ! signs alone & n ! "* & purpose ( ! p]=m]1 s t ,*ri/ian miracles1 if !y c be duplicat$ by h]etics1 w\ld appe> to be l>gely a matt] ( proc$ure & art1 l magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,!ory ( demons4 ,= 8 !ory ( demons & _! *>act]i/ics ,augu/9e seems l>gely indebt$ to ,apuleius1 :om he cites 9 sev]al *apt]s ( ! eigh? & n9? books ( ,! ,city ( ,god4 ,9 8 sep>ate treatise1 ,! ,div9ation ( ,demons1#bagf he expla9s _! ability to pr$ict ! future & to p]=m m>vels by ! ke5ness ( _! s5se1 _! rapidity ( movem5t1 _! long exp]i5ce ( nature & life1 & ! subtlety ( _! a]ial bodies4 ,?is la/ quality enables !m to p5etrate human bodies or affect ! ?\ghts ( m5 )\t m5 be+ aw>e ( _! pres5ce4 ,augu/9e1 h[ev]1 ( c\rse does n believe t ! _w ( nature is completely "u ! control ( ! demons4 ,god alone creat$ x & ,he /ill gov]ns x1 & ! demons are able to d only z mu* z ,he p]mits4#bagg ,sid5ote3 ,limitations to ! p[] ( magic4 ,!re 71 = example1 "s ?+s :i* ,ph>aoh's magicians c\ld n d & 9 :i* ,moses cle>ly excell$ !m4 ,!y 7 able to *ange _! rods into snakes b 8 snake dev\r$ !irs4 ,h[ ! magicians got _! rods back1 if at all1 nei!r ,augu/9e nor ! ,book ( ,exodus in=ms u4 ,b :e!r ) or )\t _! magic w&s1 !y 7 /ill able to duplicate "o or two ( ! plagues s5t ^u ,egypt4 ,augu/9e expla9s t nei!r !y nor ! demons :o help$ !m really creat$ snakes & frogs1 b t !re are c]ta9 se$s ( life hidd5 away 9 ! elem5tal bodies ( ?is _w ( :i* !y made use4 ,b _! magic fail$ !m :5 x came to ! reproduction ( m9ute insects4#bagh ,augu/9e fur!rmore has "s hesitation ab\t accept+ ! /ories ( magic trans=mations ( m5 into animals1 :i* he repres5ts z curr5t 9 8 own day z well z 9 times pa/1 s t c]ta9 female inn-keep]s 9 ,italy are said to trans=m travel]s into bea/s ( burd5 by a magic potion adm9i/]$ 9 ! *eese1 j z ,circe trans=m$ ! companions ( ,ulysses & z ,apuleius says happ5$ to himself 9 ! book t he wrote "u ! title1 ,! ,gold5 ,ass4 ,^! /ories1 9 ,augu/9e's op9ion1 8are ei!r false or su* uncommon occurr5ces t !y are ju/ly discr$it$40#bagi ,he does n believe t demons c truly trans=m ! human body into ! limbs & l9eam5ts ( bea/s1 b ! /range p]sonal exp]i5ces ( reliable p]sons h conv9c$ him t m5 are deceiv$ by dreams1 halluc9ations1 & fanta/ic images4 ,sid5ote3 ,its fanta/ic "*4 ,?us1 z we h already se5 ov] & ov] aga91 ! fanta/ic & deceptive "* ( magic is dimly realiz$4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 :5 ,augu/9e repres5ts 8! p[]s ( ! air0 z deceiv+ m5 by magic1 ! deceit consi/s m]ely 9 ! magicians' imag9+ t !y are work+ ! m>vels :i* are really p]=m$ by demons1 or 9 m5 be+ lur$ into subjection to ,satan & to _! ultimate & et]nal damnation ?r\gh ! attractions ( ! magic art4#bahj ,sid5ote3 ,samuel & ! wit* ( ,endor4 ,augu/9e twice respond$ to que/ions conc]n+ ! wit* ( ,endor's app>5t invocation ( ! _s ( ,samuel1 repeat+ 9 8 ,de octo ,dulcitii quae/ionibus#baha :at he _h already said 9 ,de div]sis quae/ionibus ad ,simplicianum4#bahb ,9 c]ta9 respects ,augu/9e's treatm5t ( ! problem diff]s f ^? :i* we h previ\sly exam9$4 ,:at1 he asks1 if ! impure _s :i* possess$ ! py?onissa 0 able to raise ! v s\l ( ,samuel f ! dead8 ,is x n mu* m /range t ,satan 0 all[$ to conv]se p]sonally ) ,god conc]n+ ! tempt+ ( ,job1 & to raise ! v ,*ri/ al(t ^u a p9nacle ( ! temple8 ,:y !n may n ! s\l ( ,samuel h appe>$ to ,saul1 n unwill+ly & co]c$ by magic p[] b volunt>ily "u "s hidd5 div9e disp5sation8 ,augu/9e1 h[ev]1 also ?9ks x possible t ! s\l ( ,samuel did n appe> b 0 imp]sonat$ by "s phantasm & imag9>y illusion made by diabolical ma*9ations4 ,he c see no deceit 9 ! ,scripture's call+ su* a phantom ,samuel1 s9ce we are accu/om$ to call pa9t+s1 /atues1 & images se5 9 dreams by ! names ( ! actual p]sons :om !y repres5t4 ,nor does x tr\ble him t ! _s ( ,samuel or pret5d$ _s pr$ict$ truly to ,saul1 = demons h a limit$ p[] ( t sort4 ,?us !y recogniz$ ,*ri/ :5 ! ,jews knew ,him n1 & ! damsel possess$ ( a _s ( div9ation 9 ,! ,acts te/ifi$ to ,paul's div9e mission4 ,augu/9e leaves1 h[ev]1 z beyond ! limits ( 8 "t & /r5g? ! fur!r problem :e!r ! human s\l aft] dea? c be s evok$ by magic incantations t x is n only se5 b recogniz$ by ! liv+4 ,9 8 answ] to ,dulcitius he fur!r calls att5tion to ! passage 9 ,ecclesia/icus 7,,xlvi1 #bc7 :]e ,samuel is prais$ z prophesy+ f ! dead4 ,& if ?is passage be reject$ because ! book is n 9 ! ,hebrew canon1 :at %all we say ( ,moses :o appe>$ to ! liv+ long aft] 8 dea?8 ,sid5ote3 ,natural m>vels4 ,augu/9e _h "s acqua9tance ) anci5t natural sci5ce & 9 "o passage rehe>ses a numb] ( natural m>vels :i* are f\nd 9 ! pages ( ,pl9y & ,sol9us 9 ord] to %[ pagans _! inconsi/5cy 9 accept+ su* wond]s & yet rema9+ incr$ul\s 9 reg>d to analog\s ph5om5a m5tion$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,s ,augu/9e rehe>ses ! /range prop]ties ( ! magnet2 ass]ts t adamant c be brok5 nei!r by /eel nor fire b only by application ( ! blood ( a goat2 tells ( ,cappadocian m>es :o conceive f ! w9d2 & hails ! ability ( ! salam&] to live 9 ! mid/ ( flames z a tok5 t ! bodies ( s9n]s c subsi/ 9 hell fire4 ,augu/9e also admits 8! virtue ( /ones & o!r objects & ! craft ( m5 :o employ ^! 9 m>vel\s ways40#bahc ,he d5ies1 h[ev]1 t ! ,m>si :o *>m snakes by _! incantations are really und]/ood by ! s]p5ts4 ,!re is "s diabolical =ce beh9d _! magic1 z :5 ,satan spoke to ,eve ?r\gh ! s]p5t4#bahd ,sid5ote3 ,relation betwe5 magic & sci5ce4 ,once at lea/1 h[ev]1 ,augu/9e associates sci5ce & magic4 ,9 8 ,confessions1 aft] speak+ ( s5sual pleasure he also c5sures 8! va9 & curi\s desire ( inve/igation0 ?r\gh ! s5ses1 :i* is 8palliat$ "u ! "n ( k & sci5ce40 ,?is is apt to lead "o n only into scrut9iz+ secrets ( nature :i* are beyond "o & :i* x does "o no good to "k & :i* m5 want to "k j = ! sake ( k1 b also 8into se>*+ ?r\gh magic arts into ! conf9es ( p]v]se sci5ce40#bahe ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/itions ak9 to magic4 ,( ?is dang]\s bord]l& betwe5 magic & sci5ce ,augu/9e has m to say 9 "s *apt]s ( 8 ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e4#bahf ,aft] m5tion+ z prime in/ances ( human sup]/ition idolatry1 o!r false religions1 & ! magic arts1 he next li/s ! books ( soo?say]s 7aruspices7 & augurs z ( ! same class1 8?\gh seem+ly a m p]missible vanity40 ,9 8 ,confessions1#bahg h[ev]1 he tells ( a soo?say] :o (f]$ n only to consult ! future = him1 b to insure him success 9 a poetical conte/ 9 :i* he 0 to engage 9 ! !at]4 ,! incid5t is a good illu/ration ( ! fact t pr$iction ( ! future & attempt+ to influ5ce ev5ts g naturally toge!r1 & t arts ( div9ation _c be sep>at$ ei!r 9 !ory or practice f magic arts4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ,augu/9e is incl9$ fur!r to put 9 ! same class all use ( invocations1 incantations1 & *>act]s1 :i* he reg>ds z signs imply+ pacts ) evil spirits1 & ! use ( :i* 9 work+ cures he ass]ts is condemn$ by ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,he is also suspici\s ( ligatures & susp5sions1 & /ates t x is "o ?+ to say1 8,if y dr9k ! juice ( ?is h]b1 y\r /oma* w n a*e10 & is ano!r ?+ to say1 8,if y susp5d ?is h]b f ! neck1 y\r /oma* w n a*e4 ,= 9 "o case a heal+ application is wor?y ( approval1 9 ! o!r a sup]/iti\s signification is to be c5sur$40 ,augu/9e recognizes1 h[ev]1 t su* ligatures & susp5sions are call$ 8by ! mild] "n ( natural rem$ies 7physica702 & if !y are appli$ )\t incantations or *>act]s1 possibly !y may heal ! body naturally by m]e atta*m5t1 9 :i* case x is lawful to employ !m4 ,b !y may involve "s signal to demons1 9 :i* case ! m efficaci\s !y are1 ! m a ,*ri/ian %\ld avoid !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,survival ( pagan sup]/ition among ! laity4 ,! same attitude t[>d sup]/iti\s m$ic9e is %[n 9 a s]mon attribut$ to ,augu/9e b probably spuri\s4#bahh ,"h a tempt] is repres5t$ z com+ to ! sick man & say+1 8,if y _h only employ$ t en*ant]1 y w\ld be well n[2 if y w\ld atta* ^! *>act]s to y\r body1 y c\ld recov] y\r heal?40 ,or ano!r comes & says1 8,s5d y\r girdle to t div9]2 he w measure & scrut9ize x & tell y :at to d & :e!r y c recov]40 ,or a ?ird visitor may recomm5d someone :o is skill$ 9 fumigation4 ,! prea*] w>ns 8 he>]s n to succumb to su* advice or !y w be sacrific+ to ! devil2 :]eas if !y refuse su* treatm5t & die1 x w be a glori\s m>tyr's dea?4 ,! prea*]1 h[ev]1 is n ov]-sangu9e t 8 advice w be he$$1 z he has (t5 be=e admoni%$ 8 he>]s aga9/ pagan sup]/itions1 & yet reports keep com+ to him t "s are cont9u+ su* practices4 ,he !re=e 8w>ns !m aga9 & aga90 to =sake all div9]s1 aruspices1 en*ant]s1 phylact]ies1 augury1 & obs]vance ( days1 or !y w lose all b5efit ( ! sacram5t ( baptism & w be et]nally damn$ unless !y p]=m a va/ am\nt ( p5ance4 ,! obs]vance ( days o!r ?an ! ,"l's ,day is "h condemn$ on ! gr\nd t ,god made ! o!r six days )\t di/9ction4 ,9 ano!r supposititi\s s]mon#bahi ! practice ( dilig5tly obs]v+ on :i* day ( ! week to set out on a j\rney is c5sur$ z equival5t to wor%ip+ ! planets1 or r ! pagan gods ^: names !y be> & :o are said "h to h orig9ally be5 bad m5 & wom5 :o liv$ at ! "t t ! ,*ildr5 ( ,israel 7 9 ,egypt4 ,! prea*] is ev5 oppos$ to nam+ ! days ( ! week aft] su* p]sons or planets & exhorts 8 he>]s to speak simply ( ! fir/ day1 second day1 & s on4 ,sid5ote3 ,augu/9e's attack ^u a/rology4 ,nor w ,augu/9e1 to return to 8 rem>ks 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1#baij exempt 8f ?is g5us ( p]nici\s sup]/ition ^? :o are call$ g5e?liaci f _! consid]ation ( natal days & n[ are also popul>ly t]m$ ma!matici40 ,he holds t !y enslave human free w by pr$ict+ a man's "* & life f ! />s1 & t _! art is a presumptu\s & fallaci\s human inv5tion1 & t if _! pr$ictions come true1 ?is is due ei!r to *ance or to demons :o wi% to confirm mank9d 9 its error4#baia ,9 8 y\?1 :5 a foll[] ( ! ,mani*ean sect1 ,augu/9e _h be5 a believ] 9 a/rology & !reby 8sacrific$ himself to demons0 at ! same "t t1 ow+ to 8 ,mani*ean scruples aga9/ animal sacrifice1 he refus$ to employ a h>uspex4#baib ,p]haps on ?is acc\nt he felt ! m b\nd to w>n 8 read]s aga9/ a/rology 9 8 old age4 ,he (t5 attacks ! ca/]s ( horoscopes 9 8 works & especially 9 ! op5+ *apt]s ( ! fif? book ( ,! ,city ( ,god1 on :i* we may c5t] our att5tion z be+ a r m elaborate discussion ?an ! o!r passages & includ+ almo/ all ! argum5ts :i* he advances else:]e4 ,^! argum5ts are n orig9al ) him1 b 8 pres5tation ( !m 0 p]haps bett] kn[n 9 ! middle ages ?an any o!r4#baic ,sid5ote3 ,fate & free w4 ,! objection to a/rology z fatali/ic does n come ) ! be/ grace f ,augu/9e1 ! great advocate ( div9e presci5ce & ( pr$e/9ation1 & 9 8 discussion 9 ,! ,city ( ,god he is =c$ to recognize ?is fact4 ,he holds t ! _w is n gov]n$ by *ance or by fate1 a ^w :i* = mo/ m5 means ! =ce ( ! con/ellations1 b by div9e provid5ce4 ,he />ts to accuse ! a/rolog]s ( attribut+ to ! spotless />s1 or to ! ,god ^: ord]s ! />s ob$i5tly execute1 ! caus+ ( human s9 & evil2 b !n recognizes t ! a/rolog]s w answ] t ! />s simply signify & 9 no way cause evil1 j z ,god =esees b does n compel human s9fulness4 ,sid5ote3 ,argum5t f tw9s4 ,?us ?w>t$ 9 8 attempt to %[ t ! a/rolog]s enslave ! human w1 al?\gh 9 o!r passages he /ill gives u to und]/& t !y d1#baid ,augu/9e adopts ano!r l9e ( argum5t1 t f tw9s1 an old favorite1 :i* he twi/s fir/ "o way & !n ano!r1 propos+ to ! a/rolog]s a s]ies ( dilemmas z he f9ds !m likely to escape f ea* prec$+ "o4 ,he seems to h be5 mu* impress$ by ! ?\ght t at ! same in/ant & h5ce ) ! same horoscope p]sons 7 born ^: subsequ5t lives & *>act]s 7 diff]5t4 ,he br+s =w>d ,esau & ,jacob z examples1 & /ates t he himself has kn[n ( tw9s ( dissimil> sex & life4 ,moreov]1 he tells u 9 8 ,confessions t he 0 f9ally induc$ to ab&on 8 /udy ( ! books ( ! a/rolog]s1 f :i* ! argum5ts ( 8,v9dicianus1 a ke5 old man1 & ( ,nebridius1 a y\? ( rem>kable intellect10 _h fail$ to w9 him1 by he>+ f ano!r y\? t 8 fa!r1 a man ( weal? & rank1 _h be5 born at precisely ! same mom5t z a c]ta9 wret*$ slave on ! e/ate4#baie ,sid5ote3 ,def5se ( ! a/rolog]s4 ,b ! a/rolog]s reply t ev5 tw9s are n born at precisely ! same in/ant & d n h ! same horoscope1 b are born "u diff]5t con/ellations1 s rapidly d ! heav5s revolve1 z ! a/rolog] ,nigidius ,figulus neatly illu/rat$ by /rik+ a rapidly revolv+ pott]'s :eel two successive bl[s z quickly z he c\ld 9 :at appe>$ to be ! same spot4 ,b :5 ! :eel 0 /opp$ & exam9$1 ! two m>ks 7 f\nd to be f> ap>t4 ,augu/9e's c\nt] argum5t is t if a/rolog]s mu/ take into acc\nt su* small int]vals ( "t1 _! obs]vations & pr$ictions c nev] atta9 suffici5t accuracy to insure correct pr$iction2 & t if s brief an in/ant ( "t is suffici5t to alt] ! horoscope totally1 !n tw9s %\ld n be z mu* alike z !y are nor h z mu* 9 common z !y d1--= in/ance1 fall+ ill & recov]+ simultane\sly4 ,to ?is ! a/rolog]s are likely to respond t tw9s are alike because conceiv$ at ! same in/ant1 b some:at dissimil> 9 _! life because ( ! diff]5ce 9 _! times ( bir?4 ,augu/9e retorts t if two p]sons conceiv$ simultane\sly 9 ! same womb may be born at diff]5t times & h diff]5t fates aft] bir?1 he sees no reason :y p]sons :o are born ( diff]5t mo!rs at ! same in/ant ) ! same horoscope may n die at diff]5t dates & lead diff]5t lives4 ,b he does n recognize t v likely ! a/rolog]s w\ld agree ) him 9 ?is1 s9ce !y (t5 held t ! influ5ce ( ! />s 0 receiv$ v>i\sly by matt]4 ,he also asks :y a c]ta9 sage is said to h select$ a c]ta9 h\r = int]c\rse ) 8 wife 9 ord] to beget a m>vel\s son--possibly an inaccurate allusion to ! /ory ( ,nectanebus#baif--unless ! h\r ( conception controls ! h\r ( bir?1 & consequ5tly tw9s conceiv$ toge!r mu/ h ! same horoscope4 ,he also objects t if tw9s fall sick at ! same "t because ( _! simultane\s conception1 !y %\ld n be ( opposite sex z sometimes happ5s4 ,sid5ote3 ,elections4 ,) ?is ,augu/9e turns f ! case ( tw9s to urge ! inconsi/5cy ( ! a/rological doctr9e ( elections1 sugge/$ by ! /ory ( ! sage :o *ose ! favorable mom5t = int]c\rse ) 8 wife4 ,he holds t ?is practice ( *oos+ favorable times is inconsi/5t ) ! belief 9 nativities :i* are suppos$ to h det]m9$ & pr$ict$ ! individual's fate already4 ,he also inquires :y m5 *oose c]ta9 days = sett+ out trees & %rubs or bre$+ animals1 if m5 alone are subject to ! con/ellations4 ,sid5ote3 ,are animals & plants "u ! />s ,?is la/ clause indicates h[ exclusively ,augu/9e's attacks are direct$ aga9/ ! pr$iction ( man's life f ! />s1 & h[ little he has to say reg>d+ ! />s' control ( ! _w ( nature 9 g5]al4 ,he n[ goes on to consid] ?is latt] possibility1 b int]prets x too 9 ! n>r[ s5se ( horoscope-ca/+1 & z imply+ t e h]b & bea/ mu/ h its fate absolutely det]m9$ by ! con/ellations at its mom5t ( bir?4 ,?is appe>s1 h[ev]1 to h be5 a widespread belief !n1 s9ce he tells u t m5 are accu/om$ to te/ ! skill ( a/rolog]s by submitt+ to !m ! horoscopes ( dumb animals1 & t ! be/ a/rolog]s are able n only to recognize t ! report$ con/ellations m>k ! bir? ( a bea/ r ?an t ( a human be+1 b also to /ate :e!r x 0 a horse1 c[1 dog1 or %eep4 ,nev]!less1 ,augu/9e feels t he has r$uc$ ! art ( ca/+ horoscopes to an absurdity1 z he feels sure t bea/s & plants :i* are s num]\s mu/ frequ5tly be born at precisely ! same in/ant z human be+s4 ,fur!rmore1 x is pla9 t crops :i* are s[n & rip5 simultane\sly meet ) v div]se fates 9 ! end4 ,augu/9e ?9ks t by ?is argum5t he w =ce ! a/rolog]s to say t m5 alone are subject to ! />s1 & !n he w triumphantly ask h[ ?is c be1 :5 ,god has end[$ man alone ( all creatures ) free w4 ,hav+ ?us argu$ m or less 9 a circle1 ,augu/9e rega9s ! po9t f :i* he _h />t$1 or r1 retreat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,failure to disprove ! control ( nature by ! />s4 ,augu/9e _c !n be said to h advanc$ any tell+ argum5ts aga9/ "s sort ( control ( inf]ior nature by ! motions & influ5ce ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,he leaves ! fundam5tal hypo!sis ( a/rology unrebutt$4 ,8 att5tion is conc5trat$ ^u g5e?lialogy1 ! sup]/ition t ! "t & place ( bir? & no?+ else det]m9e ) ma!matical c]ta9ty & me*anical rigidity ! entirety ( "o's life4 ,?is seems nev]!less to h be5 a sup]/ition :i* 0 v mu* alive 9 8 "t1 :i* he felt he mu/ take pa9s repeat$ly to refute1 & to :i* he himself _h once be5 9 bondage4 ,b he c\ld n h /udi$ ! books ( ! a/rolog]s v deeply1 z he ascribes views to !m :i* _m ( !m did n hold4 ,also he seems nev] to h read ! ,tetrabiblos ( ,ptolemy4 ,8 attack ^u & criticism ( a/rology 0 !re=e n>r[1 p>tial1 & inadequate1 & did n prev5t m$ieval m5 f devot+ !mselves to t subject1 al?\gh !y might cite 8 objections aga9/ ascrib+ to ! con/ellations an influ5ce subv]sive ( human free w4 ,b he _c be said to h admitt$ ! control ( ! />s ov] ! _w ( nature4 ,app>5tly ! mo/ t he 0 will+ to conc$e 0 t x 0 n absurd to say t ! influ5ce ( ! />s might produce *anges 9 mat]ial ?+s1 z 9 ! v>y+ seasons ( ! ye> caus$ by ! sun's c\rse & ! alt]nat+ augm5tation & dim9ution ( tides & %ell-fi% due1 z he suppos$1 to ! moon's phases4 ,he concludes 8 discussion ( ! subject 9 ,! ,city ( ,god by say+ t1 all ?+s consid]$1 if ! a/rolog]s make _m m>vel\sly true pr$ictions1 !y d s by ! aid & inspiration ( ! demons & n by ! art ( not+ & inspect+ horoscopes1 :i* has no s\nd basis4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural div9ation & prophetic visions4 ,9 ano!r "w ,augu/9e tells ( "s "y m5 :o1 :ile travel+1 z a boyi% prank pret5d$ to be a/rolog]s & ei!r by m]e *ance or by natural & innate p[] ( div9ation hit ^u ! tru? 9 ! pr$ictions :i* !y suppos$ t !y 7 inv5t+4 ,9 ! same context he proce$s to discuss 9 a cr$ul\s way ! possibility ( m>vel\s prophetic visions1 conc]n+ :i* he tells "o or two o!r tall tales f 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 d\btful h[ f> ! human s\l itself possesses ! p[] ( div9ation1 :i* he is incl9$ to attribute r to spirits1 good or bad4 ,b ow+ to ,satan's ability 9 disguis+ himself z an angel ( light x is (t5 v difficult to tell to :i* sort ( _s to ascribe ! vision 9 "q4#baig ,sid5ote3 ,! /> at ,*ri/'s bir?4 ,9 ,augu/9e's "t !re 7 ^? :o held t ,*ri/ ,himself _h be5 8born "u ! decree ( ! />s10 because ( ! /atem5t 9 ! ,gospel accord+ to ,mat!w t ! ,magi _h se5 ,8 /> 9 ! ea/4 ,( ?is matt] ,augu/9e treats 9 sev]al ( 8 works4#baih ,he d5ies t ?is w\ld be true ev5 if o!r m5 7 subject to ! fatal influ5ce ( ! />s1 :i* he d5ies z usual on ! gr\nd ( free w4 ,he cont5ds t ! /> 0 n "o ( ! planets or con/ellations b a special creation1 s9ce x did n keep to a regul> c\rse or orbit1 b came to :]e ! *ild lay4 ,b h[ did ! ,magi "k t x 0 ! /> ( ,*ri/ :5 !y saw x 9 ! ea/1 unless by a/rology8 ,augu/9e c only sugge/ t ?is 0 reveal$ to !m by spirits1 :e!r good or bad he does n "k4#baii ,augu/9e fur!r affirms t ! /> did n cause ,*ri/ to live a m>vel\s life1 b ,*ri/ caus$ ! /> to make its m>vel\s appe>ance4 8,=1 :5 born ( a "m1 ,he %[$ e>? a new /> 9 ! sky1 ,:o1 :5 born ( ! ,fa!r1 =m$ bo? heav5 & e>?40 ,&1 8:5 ,he is born1 new light is reveal$ 9 a />2 :5 ,he dies1 old light is veil$ 9 ! sun40 ,b ^! rhetorical fl\ri%es & anti!ses seem to atte/ r ?an dispute ! significance ( cele/ial ph5om5a1 s t ,augu/9e _c be said to h answ]$ ! a/rological cont5tion an5t ,*ri/'s bir? v satisfactorily4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature ( ! />s4 ,! problem ( ! nature ( ! />s is "o :i* ,augu/9e pref]s to leave unsolv$1 al?\gh x comes up sev]al times 9 8 writ+s4#bbjj ,:e!r !y are simply lucid bodies )\t s5se or intellig5ce1 z "s ?9k2 or h happy intellectual s\ls ( _! own1 z ,plato taught2 :e!r !y are to be class$ ) ! ,seats1 ,dom9ions1 ,pr9cipalities1 & ,p[]s ( :om ! apo/le speaks2 & :e!r !y are rul$ & animat$ by spirits3 all ^! are que/ions :i* ,augu/9e puts1 b conc]n+ ^: answ]s he feels unc]ta94 ,8 fulle/ discussion ( ! matt] is 9 a lett] aga9/ ! ,priscilliani/s to :i* we n[ come4 ,sid5ote3 ,orosius on ! ,priscilliani/s & ,orig5i/s4 ,an int]*ange ( lett]s betwe5 ,augu/9e & 8 ,spani% disciple ,orosius deals ) ! error ( ! ,priscilliani/s & ,orig5i/s4#bbja ,no?+ is said to convict !m ( magic1 :i* 01 h[ev]1 ! *>ge on :i* ,priscillian 0 put to dea?1 b a/rological t5ets are ascrib$ to !m4 ,orosius /ates t ,priscillian taught t ! s\l 0 born ( ,god & in/ruct$ by angels1 b t x desc5d$ ?r\gh c]ta9 circles ( ! heav5s & 0 caught by evil pr9cipalities & ?ru/ into diff]5t bodies2 & t x rema9$ subject to ,ma!sis or ! laws ( a/rology until ,*ri/ set x free by ,8 passion on ! cross4 ,l ! a/rolog]s1 cont9ues ,orosius1 ,priscillian associat$ ! signs ( ! zodiac ) ! diff]5t memb]s ( ! human body1 ,aries & ! head1 ,taurus & ! neck1 & s on2#bbjb & he also taught t ! names ( ! patri>*s ( ! twelve tribes 7 8memb]s ( ! s\l10 ,reub5 9 ! head1 ,judah 9 ! brea/1 ,levi 9 ! he>t1 & s on4 ,orosius adds t ! ,orig5i/s reg>d ! sun1 moon1 & />s n z elem5tal lum9>ies b z rational p[]s2 & we h se5 t ,orig5 himself did s4 ,sid5ote3 ,augu/9e's lett]4 ,augu/9e 9 8 reply /ates t we c see t ! sun1 moon1 & />s are cele/ial bodies1 b n t !y are animat$4 ,he agrees firmly ) ,paul t !re are ,seats1 ,dom9ions1 ,pr9cipalities1 & ,p[]s 9 ! heav5s1 8b ,i d n "k :at !y are or :at ! diff]5ce is betwe5 !m40 ,on ! :ole1 ,augu/9e is incl9$ to reg>d ?is /ate ( ignorance z a blissful "o4 ,he is some:at tr\bl$ by ! v]ses 9 ! ,book ( ,job1 8,h[ %all man be j 9 ! sight ( ,god1 or h[ %all "o born ( woman purify himself8 ,if ,he comm&s ! moon & x does n %9e1 & if ! />s are n pure be=e ,him1 h[ mu* m is man rott5ness & ! son ( man a worm80 ,f ?is passage ! ,priscilliani/s inf] t ! />s h a rational _s & are n free f s91 yet are plac$ 9 ! heav5 because _! fault is less ?an t ( s9ful mank9d4 ,orig5 too _h argu$1 8,if ! />s are liv+ & rational be+s1 !re w und\bt$ly appe> among !m bo? an advance & a fall+ back4 ,= ! language ( ,job1 #8! />s are n clean 9 ,8 sight1' seems to me to convey "s su* idea40#bbjc ,augu/9e evades ?is difficulty by que/ion+ :e!r ?is passage is to be receiv$ z ( div9e au?ority1 s9ce x is utt]$ by "o ( ,job's com=t]s & n by ,job himself1 ( :om alone x is said t he _h n s9n$ ) 8 lips aga9/ ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,attitude t[>ds a/ronomy4 ,s set is ,augu/9e aga9/ a/rology t he ev5 holds t ,*ri/ians may well leave ! subject ( a/ronomy alone1 8because x is relat$ to ! mo/ p]nici\s error ( ^? :o utt] a fatu\s fatalism10 al?\gh he recognizes t !re is no?+ sup]/iti\s 9 pr$ict+ ! future positions ( ! />s !mselves f k ( _! pa/ movem5ts4 ,b except t to "k ! c\rse ( ! moon is useful 9 det]m9+ ! date ( ,ea/]1 k ( ! />s is ( little or no help 9 int]pret+ ! div9e ,scriptures4#bbjd ,9 ano!r passage ,augu/9e is some:at p]turb$ by ! ass]tion ( a/ronom]s t !re are _m />s equal to or great] ?an ! sun 9 size1 b :i* seem small] because !y are f>!r (f1--an ass]tion :i* seems to conflict ) ! /atem5t ( ,g5esis t 9 creat+ ! sun & moon 8,god made two great lights40 ,augu/9e1 h[ev]1 does n /op to conte/ ! po9t at l5g? b leaves x ) ! excuse t ,*ri/ians h _m bett] & m s]i\s matt]s to occupy _! "t ?an su* subtle inve/igations conc]n+ ! relative magnitude ( ! />s & ! int]vals ( space betwe5 !m4#bbje ,sid5ote3 ,p]fect numb]s4 ,augu/9e himself1 h[ev]1 0 n above occupy+ 8 read]s' "t ) discussion ( ! occult significance ( numb]s1 t[>ds belief 9 :i* he %[s himself incl9$4 ,six 0 a p]fect numb] 9 8 e/imation1 s9ce ,god _h creat$ ! _w 9 six days1 al?\gh ,he might h tak5 less or m "t2 & ! ,psalmi/ made no idle rem>k 9 say+ t ! ,deity _h ord]$ all ?+s accord+ to measure1 numb]1 & weight4 ,also six is ! fir/ numb] :i* c be obta9$ f add+ toge!r its factors3 "o1 two1 & ?ree4 ,augu/9e 0 go+ on to say t sev5 0 also a p]fect numb]1 :5 he *eck$ himself le/ he digress at too great l5g? & seem 8too eag] to display 8 smatt]+ ( sci5ce40 ,h5ce he m]ely add$ t "o indication ( sev5's p]fection 0 its composition ( ! fir/ complete odd numb]1 ?ree1 & ! fir/ complete ev5 numb]1 f\r4#bbjf ,x is !re=e n surpris+ to f9d ascrib$ to ,augu/9e a s]mon on ! correspond5ce betwe5 ! t5 plagues ( ,egypt & ! t5 comm&m5ts :i* op5s by rem>k+ t x is n )\t cause t ! numb] ( precepts 9 ,god's law is ! same z ! numb] ( plagues ) :i* ,egypt 0 afflict$4#bbjg ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,! ,,fusion ,,( ,,pagan ,,& ,,*ri/ian ,,?\ght ,,9 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,& ,,fif? ,,c5turies ,ne$ ( qualify+ ! patri/ic attitude--,plan ( ?is *apt]--,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus--,date ( ! ,ma!sis--,are ! attitudes 9 ,firmicus' two works incompatible8--,de errore is n unfavorable to a/rology--,attitude ( bo? works to ! emp]ors--,religi\s attitude ( ! ,ma!sis--,an a/rolog]'s pray]--,*ri/ian objections to a/rology met--,a/rology prov$ exp]im5tally--,in=mation to be ga9$ f ! ?ird & f\r? books--,religion & magic2 exorci/s--,div9ation--,magic z a bran* ( le>n+--,int]e/ 9 sci5ce--,diseases 9 antiquity--,place ( ,firmicus 9 ! hi/ory ( a/rology--,libanius accus$ ( magic--,declamation aga9/ a magician--,fai? ( ,libanius 9 div9ation--,magic & a/rology 9 ,pseudo-,qu9tilian declamations--,fusion ( ,*ri/ianity & paganism 9 ,synesius ( ,cyr5e--,8 c>e]--,8 int]e/ 9 sci5ce--,belief 9 occult sympa?y betwe5 natural objects--,synesius on div9ation & a/rology--,synesius z an al*emi/--,macrobius on numb]1 dreams1 & />s--,m>tianus ,capella--,abs5ce ( a/rology--,ord]s ( spirits--,! ,cele/ial ,hi]>*y ( ,dionysius ! ,areopagite4 ,sid5ote3 ,ne$ ( qualify+ ! patri/ic attitude4 ,9 read+ ! writ+s ( ! ,*ri/ian fa!rs "o is impress$ by ! fact t _! tone is almo/ inv>iably t ( ! prea*]4 ,9 e/imat+ !re=e ! practical effect ( _! utt]ances x is well to rememb] t ^! are c\nsels ( p]fection :i* 7 probably (t5 n realiz$ ev5 by ^? :o gave utt]ance to !m4 ,?is is n to accuse ! fa!rs ( be+ ph>isaical1 b to sugge/ t z bo? cl]ics & apologi/s !y 7 pr(essionally b\nd to take up an irreproa*able position morally & dogmatically4 ,basil has %[n u t ! audi5ce :o li/5$ to 8 s]mons 7 /ill "u ! spell ( ,roman amusem5ts1 dice1 !at]1 & ar5a4 ,& ! av]age lay ,*ri/ian m9d 0 probably m easy-go+ 9 its attitude t[>d magic & sup]/ition ?an ,augu/9e4 ,n m]ely laym51 moreov]1 b ,*ri/ian cl]gy & apologi/s ( ! decl9+ ,roman ,empire might /ill hold to div9ation & a/rology4 ,x 0 a "t1 z has (t5 be5 rem>k$1 ( religi\s syncretism1 ( fusion ( pagan & ,*ri/ian ?\ght1 :5 x is n always easy to tell :e!r ! au?or ( an extant writ+ is ,*ri/ian or ,neo-,platoni/ or bo?4 ,mr4 ,gwatk9 /ates t 8! surface ?\ght0 ( ,con/ant9e's "t1 8,*ri/ian z well z hea!n1 t5d$ to a vague mono!ism :i* look$ on ,*ri/ & ! sun z almo/ equally good symbols ( ! ,supreme40#bbjh ,o!rs believ$ t a/rology 0 ! tru? back ( all religions4#bbji ,sid5ote3 ,plan ( ?is *apt]4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all !re=e consid] "s writ]s ( ! f\r? & fif? c5tury :o atte/ ! exi/5ce ( magic & a/rology !n1 ! influ5ce ( paganism on ,*ri/ianity & ( ,*ri/ianity on paganism1 & ! fusion ( ,neo-,platonism1 ,*ri/ianity1 & a/rological !ory4 ,?is1 inde$1 we h already done to "s ext5t1 z our previ\s *apt]s on ,neo-,platonism & on ! ,*ri/ian fa!rs h c>ri$ u m or less into ^? c5turies4 ,b n[ z an (fset to ,augu/9e we take up o!r writ]s :o h n yet be5 treat$3 ,firmicus1 ! ,lat9 ,*ri/ian apologi/ & ! a/rolog] ( ! mid-f\r? c5tury2 ,libanius1 ! ,greek sophi/ ( ! same c5tury2 ,macrobius & ,synesius1 ,neo-,platoni/s writ+ respectively 9 ,lat9 & ,greek at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury1 & ( :om "o 0 a ,*ri/ian bi%op2 & probably 9 ! same c5tury ! discussion ( spirits by ,m>tianus ,capella 9 ,lat9 & ! ,pseudo-,dionysius ! ,areopagite 9 ,greek4 ,except = ,libanius & ,synesius1 ^! au?ors 7 v influ5tial 9 m$ieval ,lat9 le>n+ & might s]ve z well = an introduction to our foll[+ book on ,! ,e>ly ,middle ,ages z = a conclusion to ?is4 ,sid5ote3 ,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus ,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus#bbaj fl\ri%$ dur+ ! reigns ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great & 8 sons4 ,sicily 0 8 native l&2 he 0 ( s5atorial rank & v well educat$ = 8 "t1 %[+ int]e/ 9 natural philosophy1 lit]ature1 & rhetoric4 ,two works are extant "u 8 "n3 "o1 ,on ! ,error ( ,pr(ane ,religions1#bbaa is address$ to ,con/antius & ,con/ans1 #cdj-cej ,a4 ,d41 & urges !m to eradicate pagan cults4 ,! o!r1 ,ma!sis1#bbab is a "w ( a/rology writt5 at ! reque/ ( a simil>ly cultur$ fri5d1 ,lollianus or ,mavortius1 :o is spok5 ( 9 ! preface z ord9>io consuli designato1#bbac an (fice :i* we "k t he held 9 #cee ,a4 ,d4 ,! writ+ ( two su* works by "o man has long giv5 critics pause1 & is a spl5did w>n+ aga9/ tak+ any?+ = grant$ 9 our /udy ( ! pa/4 ,n long ago ! g5]al op9ion 0 t !re mu/ h be5 two diff]5t au?ors by ! "n ( ,firmicus4 ,?is v unlikely !ory has n[ be5 univ]sally ab&on$1 z unmi/akable simil>ities 9 /yle & word+ h be5 not$ 9 ! two works4 ,b x is /ill ma9ta9$ t 8!re is no "q b t he 0 a pagan :5 he wrote 8 a/rological book40#bbad ,?is involves two consid]ations1 :e!r ! attitude express$ 9 ! two works is really incompatible & :e!r ! ,ma!sis 0 writt5 be=e or aft] ! ,de errore4 ,sid5ote3 ,date ( ! ,ma!sis4 ,momms5 cont5d$ t 8x is beyond d\bt0#bbae t ! ,ma!sis 0 writt5 betwe5 #ccd & #ccg ,a4 ,d41 rely+ *iefly ^u sev]al app>5t m5tions ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great z /ill liv+4 ,! names1 ,con/ant9e & ,con/antius are frequ5tly confus$ 9 ! s\rces1 h[ev]1#bbaf & ev5 :ile ! words1 8,con/ant9um maximum pr9cipem et huius invictissimos lib]os1 dom9es et ,caes>es no/ros10 seem to ref] unmi/akably to ,con/ant9e1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t !y occur 9 a pray] to ! planets & to ! supreme ,god t ,con/ant9e & 8 *ildr5 may 8rule ov] our po/]ity & ! po/]ity ( our po/]ity ?r\gh inf9ite succession ( ages40 ,z ?is is simply equival5t to express+ a hope t ! dyna/y may nev] become ext9ct1 x is sc>cely pro( positive t ,con/ant9e ! ,great 0 /ill liv+ :5 ,firmicus publi%$ 8 book4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to ma9ta9 ! e>ly date ,momms5 0 =c$ to treat ! m5tion ( ,lollianus z ord9>io consuli designato z m]e prophetic flatt]y or z an appo9tm5t held up by ,con/antius = eighte5 ye>s4 ,we "k t ,firmicus address$ ! ,de errore to ,con/antius & ,con/ans1 probably betwe5 #cde & #cej2 we "k t ,lollianus 0 city prefect ( ,rome 9 #cdb1 consul ord9>ius 9 #cee1 & praetorian prefect 9 ! foll[+ ye>2 :]eas we "k no?+ c]ta9ly ( ei!r ( !m be=e #ccg4 ,fur!rmore ,firmicus explicitly /ates t ! writ+ ( ! ,ma!sis has be5 long delay$1#bbag & :5 ! promise to compose x 0 fir/ made1 x is evid5t t nei!r he nor ,lollianus 0 a "y man4 ,lollianus 0 already consul>is ( ,campania & accord+ to inscriptions _h previ\sly held a numb] ( o!r (fices2 :ile /ill 9 ?is position ,lollianus _h frequ5tly to spur 8 fri5d on to ! task :i* ,firmicus z frequ5tly 8gave up 9 despair40 ,!n ,lollianus became ,c\nt ( all ! ,ori5t & cont9u$ 8 importunities4 ,f9ally1 aft] ,lollianus has become proconsul & ord9>y consul elect1 ,firmicus completes ! "w & pres5ts x to him4 ,mean:ile ,firmicus himself--:o _h =m]ly 8resi/$ ) unb5d+ confid5ce & firmness0 facti\s & wick$ & av>ici\s m51 8:o f fe> ( law-suits seem$ t]rible to ! un=tunate02 & :o 8) lib]al m9d1 despis+ =5sic ga9s1 to m5 9 tr\ble 444 display$ a pure & fai?ful def5se 9 ! c\rts ( law10 by :i* upright conduct he incurr$ mu* enmity & dang]2#bbah--;has retir$ f ! sordid sph]e ( law c\rts & =um to sp5d 8 leisure ) ! div9e m5 ( old ( ,egypt & ,babylon & to purify 8 _s by contemplation ( ! ev]la/+ />s & ( ! ,god :o works ?r\gh !m4 ,yet we are ask$ to believe--if we accept a date be=e #ccg = ! ,ma!sis--n m]ely t he writes a vehem5t invective aga9/ 8pr(ane religions0 a decade lat]1 b also t tw5ty ye>s aft] ,lollianus is /ill a vigor\s adm9i/rator4#bbai ,x is possible1 b seems unlikely4 ,sid5ote3 ,are ! attitudes 9 ,firmicus' two works incompatible8 ,c]ta9ly ! date ( ! ,ma!sis %\ld be det]m9$ )\t any assumption z to :at ,firmicus' religion 0 :5 he wrote x4 ,=1 if we reg>d 8 attitudes 9 ,ma!sis & ,de errore z incompatible1 x w be z difficult to expla9 h[ he c\ld write ! ,de errore aft] hav+ compos$ ! ,ma!sis z vice v]sa4 ,aft] ! /eadfa/ affirmation ( a/rological pr9ciples 9 ! ,ma!sis x is no easi] to expla9 ! fi]ce _s ( intol]ance t[>d paganism 9 ! ,de errore ?an x is aft] ! m5tion ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,de errore to expla9 ! omission ( t "n 9 ! ,ma!sis4 ,b are ! two works really incompatible8 ,my answ] is1 ,no4 ,! div]g5ces are su* z may be expla9$ by ! diff]5t "* ( ! two works & ! diff]5t circum/ances "u :i* !y 7 writt54 ,de errore is an impassion$ polemic v possibly deliv]$ z an oration be=e ! emp]ors2 ,ma!sis is a le>n$ compilation on a pseudo-sci5tific subject compos$ at leisure = a fri5d ) ! help ( previ\s treatises on ! subject4 ,:y %\ld ,firmicus m5tion ,*ri/ 9 ! ,ma!sis8 ,does ,boe?ius1 aft] ne>ly two c5turies m ( ,*ri/ian gr[? & al?\gh he wrote a "w on ! ,tr9ity1 m5tion ,*ri/ 9 ,! ,consolation ( ,philosophy8 ,"s app>5t petty inconsi/5cies !re may be betwe5 ,firmicus' two works1 b if we accept a ho/ ( contradictions 9 ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian emp]or1 :y balk at "s inconsi/5cy 9 a writ] :o urges ,con/ant9e's *ildr5 aga9/ pr(ane cults8 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are "s /rik+ correspond5ces betwe5 ! ,de errore & ,ma!sis4 ,sid5ote3 ,de errore is n unfavorable to a/rology4 ,x is notewor?y 9 ! fir/ place t 9 ! ,de errore ,firmicus does n attack a/rology4 ,b if he _h be5 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity s9ce writ+ ! ,ma!sis & _h ab&on$ ! a/rological doctr9e !re exp\nd$1 w\ld he h fail$ to attack ! error ( t art l ,augu/9e :o te/ifi$ t he _h once believ$ 9 nativities8 ,x is !re=e obvi\s t ,firmicus does n reg>d a/rology z an error ev5 at ! "t :5 he is p5n+ ! ,de errore z a ,*ri/ian apologi/4 ,moreov]1 8 view ( nature 9 ! ,de errore is q 9 accord ) t ( ! a/rolog]1 & he manife/s ! respect = natural sci5ce or physica ratio :i* "o w\ld expect f ! au?or ( ! ,ma!sis4 ,?us we f9d him criticiz+ c]ta9 pagan cults z %>ply = _! incorrect physical notions z he does o!rs = trave/y+ ,*ri/ian my/]ies4 ,9 its op5+ *apt]s c]ta9 ori5tal religions are criticiz$ = exalt+ ea* "s "o ( ! f\r elem5ts above ! o!rs1 & = neglect+ t sup]ior control ( ! _w ( t]re/rial nature 9 :i* bo? ,*ri/ian & a/rolog] confid$4 ,ano!r argum5t aga9/ pagan wor%ips is t !y include human & immoral elem5ts :i* _c be expla9$ z bas$ ^u natural law#bbbj & ! rule ( t supreme ,god or 8,god ! fabricator10 8:o compos$ all ?+s by ! ord]ly me?od ( div9e workman%ip10--phrases :i*1 z ,ziegl] has %[n1#bbba occur bo? 9 ! ,de errore & ,ma!sis4 ,fur!rmore1 9 ! ,de errore ,firmicus' allusions to ! planets1 :i* include a repres5tation ( ! ,sun mak+ a reproa*ful address to c]ta9 pagans1#bbbb indicate t he reg>d$ ! />s z ( imm5se importance 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! univ]se4 ,sid5ote3 ,attitude ( bo? works to ! emp]ors4 ,x is also wor? rem>k+ t 9 bo? works ,firmicus sets ! emp]ors above ! re/ ( mank9d & closely associates !m ) ! cele/ial bodies & 8! supreme ,god40 ,if 9 ,ma!sis he prays = ! p]petuation ( ! l9e ( ,con/ant9e & =bids a/rolog]s to make pr$ictions conc]n+ ! emp]or on ! gr\nd t 8 fate is n subject to ! />s b directly to ! supreme ,god1 8& inasmu* z ! :ole surface ( ! e>? is subject to ! emp]or1 he too is reckon$ 9 ! numb] ( ^? gods :om ! pr9cipal div9ity has e/abli%$ to p]=m & pres]ve all ?+s03#bbbc--;if he says ?is 9 ,ma!sis1 9 ,de errore he repeat$ly addresses ! emp]ors z 8mo/ holy0#bbbd & 9 "o passage says1 8,y n[1 ,o ,con/antius & ,con/ans1 mo/ holy emp]ors1 & ! virtue ( y\r v5]at$ fai? mu/ be implor$4 ,x is erect$ above m5 &1 sep>at$ f e>?ly frailty1 jo9s 9 alliance ) ?+s cele/ial & 9 all its acts s f> z x c foll[s ! w ( ! supreme ,god4444 ,y\r felicity is jo9$ ) ,god's virtue1 ) ,*ri/ fight+ at y\r side y h triumph$ on behalf ( human safety40#bbbe ,sid5ote3 ,religi\s attitude ( ! ,ma!sis4 ,if ! au?or ( ,de errore is n unfavorable to a/rology ! au?or ( ! ,ma!sis is /rongly incl9$ t[>ds mono!ism & decid$ly religi\s4 ,he indignantly repels ! accusation t a/rology1 :i* tea*es t 8all our acts are arrang$ by ! div9e c\rses ( ! />s10 draws m5 away 8f ! cult ( ! gods & ( religions40 8,we cause ! gods to be fe>$ & wor%ip$1 we demon/rate _! might & maje/y40#bbbf ,! passage j quot$ & "s o!rs are sugge/ive ( poly!ism1 & ,firmicus frequ5tly speaks ( ! planets z 8gods40 ,probably 9 ?is he is reproduc+ ! phraseology & reflect+ ! attitude ( ! a/rological works :i* he uses z 8 au?orities & :i* belong to ! p]iod ( ! pagan pa/4 ,8 apotelesmata1 too1 or pr$ictions ( nativities = v>i\s horoscopes1 give little or no indication ( be+ especially adapt$ to a ,*ri/ian society1 al?\gh 9 "s o!r respects !y fit 8 own age4#bbbg ,b :ile ! "w conta9s a consid]able residue ( paganism1 its prevail+ conception ( deity is "o supreme ,god1 ! rector ( ! planets1 8:o compos$ all ?+s by ! arrangem5t ( ev]la/+ law10#bbbh & :o made man ! microcosm f ! f\r elem5ts4#bbbi ,he is pray$ to ?us3 ,sid5ote3 ,an a/rolog]'s pray]4 8,b le/ my words be b]eft ( div9e aid & ! envy ( "s hateful man impugn !m by ho/ile attacks1 :oev] ?\ art1 ,god1 :o cont9ue/ day aft] day ! c\rse ( ! heav5s 9 rapid rotation1 :o p]petuate/ ! mobile agitation ( ocean's tides1 :o /r5g!ne/ e>?'s solidity 9 ! immovable /r5g? ( its f\ndations1 :o refre%e/ ) night's sleep ! toil ( our e>?ly bodies1 :o :5 our /r5g? is r5ew$ returne/ ! grace ( sweete/ light1 :o /irre/ all ! sub/ance ( ?y "w by ! salut>y brea? ( ! w9ds1 :o p\re/ =? ! waves ( /reams & f\nta9s 9 tireless =ce1 :o revolve/ ! v>i$ seasons by sure p]iods ( days3 sole ,gov]nor & ,pr9ce ( all1 sole ,emp]or & ,"l1 :om all ! cele/ial =ces s]ve1 ^: w is ! sub/ance ( p]fect "w1 by ^: faultless laws all nature is =ev] adorn$ & regulat$2 ?\ ,fa!r alike & ,"m ( e ?+1 ?\ b\nd to ?yself1 ,fa!r & ,son1 by "o bond ( relation%ip2 to ,!e we ext5d suppliant h&s1 ,!e ) trembl+ supplication we v5]ate2 grant u grace to attempt ! explanation ( ! c\rses ( ?y />s2 ?9e is ! p[] t someh[ impels u to t int]pretation4 ,) a m9d pure & sep>at$ f all e>?ly ?\ghts & purg$ f e /a9 ( s9 we h writt5 ^! books = ?y ,romans40#bbcj ,d\btless ^! words might h be5 writt5 by a ,neo-,platoni/ or a pagan1 b x also seems likely t !y 7 p5n$ by a ,*ri/ian a/rolog]4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/ian objections to a/rology met4 ,firmicus provides n only = div9e gov]nm5t ( ! univ]se & creation ( ! _w & man1 b also = pray] to ,god & = human free w1#bbca s9ce by ! div9ity ( ! s\l we are able to resi/ 9 "s measure ! decrees ( ! />s4 ,he also holds t human laws & moral /&>ds are n r5d]$ ( no avail by ! =ce ( ! />s b are v useful to ! s\l 9 its /ruggle by ! p[] ( ! div9e m9d aga9/ ! vices ( ! body4#bbcb ,inde$1 n only is ! a/rolog] himself urg$ at consid]able l5g? to lead a pure1 upright1 & unselfi% life1 b 8to %[ ! "r way ( liv+ to s9ful m51 s t1 re=m$ by y\r tea*+1 !y may be fre$ f ! errors ( _! pa/ life40#bbcc ,! human s\l is also immortal1 a sp>k ( t same div9e m9d :i* ?r\gh ! />s ex]ts its influ5ce ^u t]re/rial bodies4#bbcd ,all ?is may be consi/5t or n bo? ) itself & ) ! art ( a/rology1 b x meets ! *ief objections t ,*ri/ians might make & _h made to ! art4 ,sid5ote3 ,a/rology prov$ exp]im5tally4 ,^! & o!r objections to ! art ( nativities are ! !me to :i* ! fir/ ( ! eight books ( ! ,ma!sis is devot$4 ,firmicus po9ts out t "s ( ! o!r objections to a/rology d n correctly /ate ! doctr9es ( t art2 o!rs he admits are +5i\s argum5ts :i* s\nd well on pap] b he insi/s t if ! oppon5ts ( a/rology1 in/ead ( prote/+ t ! influ5ce ( ! />s at a giv5 in/ant is incalculable1 w\ld put ! matt] to ! te/ exp]im5tally1#bbce !y w\ld soon be conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( a/rolog]s' pr$ictions1 al?\gh he grants t unskilful a/rolog]s sometimes give wrong responses4 ,b he insi/s t p]sons :o h n te/$ a/rology exp]im5tally are unfit to pass ^u its m]its4#bbcf ,he affirms t ! human _s :i* has discov]$ s _m o!r sci5ces & to :i* s mu* ( div9ity & religion has be5 reveal$ is capable also ( ca/+ horoscopes1 & t a/rological pr$iction is a relatively easy task comp>$ to ! mapp+ out ( ! :ole heav5s & c\rses ( ! />s :i* ! ma!matici h already p]=m$ s successfully4#bbcg ,& he does n see :y anyone p]si/s 9 d5y+ ! p[] ( fate 9 human affairs :5 all ab\t him he c see ! innoc5t suff]+ & ! guilty escap+2 ! be/ m5 su* z ,socrates1 ,plato1 & ,py?agoras meet+ an ill fate2 & unpr9cipl$ p]sons l ,alcibiades & ,sulla prosp]+4#bbch ,sid5ote3 ,in=mation to be ga9$ f ! ?ird & f\r? books4 ,! rema9+ sev5 books ( ! ,ma!sis are giv5 ov] to ! art ( horoscope ca/+4 ,! second book consi/s *iefly ( prelim9>y directions1 b ! o!rs /ate :at m5 w be born "u v>i\s con/ellations4 ,( ^! ! la/ f\r books are extant only 9 manuscripts ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 :ile ! fir/ f\r are f\nd 9 manuscripts go+ back to ! elev5? c5tury4 ,moreov]1 al?\gh books five to eight cov] m pages ?an books ?ree & f\r1 !y d n supply s _m details or s satisfactory a picture ( human society 9 _! pr$ictions4 ,^! div]g5ces1 :i* are ma9ly ones ( omission1 d n invalidate ! results :i* we ga9 f an analysis ( ! ?ird & f\r? books1 b d raise ! "q :e!r ! lat] books1 especially ! fif? & six?1 are g5u9e4 ,9 !m ! word+ becomes vagu]1 little k is %[n ( conditions at ! "t t ,firmicus wrote1 ! pr$ictions are m s5sational & rhetorical4 ,only ! latt] "p ( ! eigh? book c>ries ! conviction ( reality t books ?ree & f\r d4 ,^! two books are bo? indep5d5t units & ?r\gh _! pr$ictions ( ! future supply a g5]al picture ( human society1 presumably t ( ,firmicus' own "t or n long be=e4 ,"o naturally assumes t ^? matt]s to :i* ,firmicus devotes mo/ space & emphasis are ! prom95t features ( 8 age4 ,let u see :at 8 picture is ( religion1 div9ation1 ! occult sci5ce & magic1 natural sci5ce & m$ic9e4#bbci ,sid5ote3 ,religion & magic2 exorci/s4 ,to religion ,firmicus gives less space ?an to politics4 ,!re are no cle> ref]5ces to ,*ri/ianity1 b !re are few allusions to any p>ticul> cults4 ,firmicus1 h[ev]1 indicates ! exi/5ce ( _m cults1 speak+ five times ( ! heads ( religions1 & *>act]iz+ m5 z 8^? :o reg>d all religions & gods ) a c]ta9 trepidation10 8^? devot$ to c]ta9 religions10 8^? :o *]i% ! greate/ religions10 & s on4 ,temples1#bbdj prie/s1 & div9ation#bbda are ! ?ree features ( religion t he m5tions mo/4 ,magic & religion are closely associat$ 9 8 pr$ictions1 = in/ance1 8temple prie/s ev] fam$ 9 magic lore40 ,sacr$ or religi\s lit]atures & p]sons devot$ to !m are m5tion$ ?rice1 :ile 9 a f\r? passage we he> ( m5 8inve/igat+ ! secrets ( all religions & ( heav5 itself40 ,o!r int]e/+ descriptions#bbdb are ( ^? :o 8/ay 9 temples 9 an unkempt /ate & always walk abroad ?us1 & nev] cut _! hair1 & :o w\ld ann\nce some?+ to m5 z if said by ! gods1 su* z are wont to be 9 temples1 :o are accu/om$ to pr$ict ! future02 & ( 8m5 t]rible to ! gods & :o despise all k9ds ( p]juries4 ,moreov]1 !y w be t]rible to all demons1 & at _! approa* ! wick$ spirits ( demons flee2 & !y free m5 :o are ?us tr\bl$1 n by =ce ( words b by _! m]e appe>+2 & h[ev] viol5t ! demon may be :o %akes ! body & _s ( man1 :e!r he be a]ial or t]re/rial or inf]nal1 he flees at ! bidd+ ( ?is sort ( man & fe>s 8 precepts ) a c]ta9 v5]ation4 ,^! are !y :o are call$ exorci/s by ! p40 ,religi\s games & conte/s are m5tion$ f\r times3 ! c>v+1 consecrat+1 ador+1 & clo?+ ( images ( ! gods1 twice ea*2 port]s at religi\s c]emonies1 ?rice2 hymn s+]s1 twice2 pipe-play]s once4 ,five passages repres5t p]sons pr(essionally engag$ 9 religion z gr[+ ri* !reby4 ,sid5ote3 ,div9ation4 ,we are told t m5 8pr$ict ! future ei!r by ! div9ity ( _! own m9ds or by ! admonition ( ! gods or f oracles or by ! v5]able discipl9e ( "s art40#bbdc ,augurs1 aruspices1 int]pret]s ( dreams1 ma!matici 7a/rolog]s71 div9]s1 & prophets are m5tion$4 ,once ,firmicus alludes to false div9ation b he usually implies t x is a valid art4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic z a bran* ( le>n+4 ,f religion & div9ation we easily pass to ! occult arts & sci5ces1 & !nce to le>n+ & lit]ature 9 g5]al1 f :i* occult le>n+ is sc>cely di/+ui%$ 9 ! ,ma!sis4 ,magicians or magic arts are m5tion$ no less ?an sev5 times 9 v>i$ relations ) religion1 philosophy1 m$ic9e1 & a/ronomy or a/rology1 %[+ t magic 0 n inv>iably reg>d$ z evil 9 t age1 & t x 0 confus$ & int]m+l$ ) ! arts & philosophy z well z ) ! religion ( ! times4#bbdd ,!re are a numb] ( o!r allusions to secret & illicit arts or writ+s2 ^!1 h[ev]1 appe> to be m unfavorably reg>d$ & probably l>gely consi/ ( wit*craft & poison+4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]e/ 9 sci5ce4 ,! evid5ce ( ! ,ma!sis sugge/s t ! civilization ( decl9+ ,rome 0 at lea/ n consci\s ( ! intellectual decad5ce & lack ( sci5tific int]e/ s g5]ally imput$ to x4 ,we f9d ?ree descriptions ( intellectual pione]s :o le>n :at no ma/] has ev] taught !m1 & "o o!r in/ance ( m5 :o pret5d to d s4 ,we also he> ( 8^? le>n+ mu* & kn[+ all1 also inv5tors10 & ( ^? 8le>n+ ev]y?+10 & 8desir+ to le>n ! secrets ( all arts40 ,?is curiosity1 x is true1 seems to be l>gely devot$ to occult sci5ce1 b x also seems pla9 t ma!matics & m$ic9e 7 important factors 9 f\r?-c5tury culture z well z ! rhetorical /udies ^: rle has p]haps be5 ov]e/imat$4 ,let u comp>e ! /ati/ics4 ,oratory is m5tion$ eighte5 times1 & x is to be not$ t lit]>y atta9m5ts & le>n+ z well z m]e eloqu5ce are reg>d$ z ess5tial 9 an orator4 ,m5 ( lett]s o!r ?an orators are f\nd 9 six passages1 & poets 9 only ?ree4 ,a passage read+ 8philologi/s or ^? skill$ 9 labori\s lett]s0 sugge/s t f\r in/ances ( ! phrase difficiles litt]ae %\ld p]haps be class$ "u l+ui/ic r ?an occult /udies4 ,!re are f\r allusions to gramm>ians & two to ma/]s ( gramm>1 z aga9/ "o description ( 8cont5ti\s1 contradictory dialecticians1 pr(ess+ t !y "k :at no tea*+ has acqua9t$ !m )1 mis*iev\s fell[s1 b unable to d any effective ?9k+40#bbde ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are f\rte5 allusions to a/ronomy & a/rology 7n includ+ ! ma!matici already li/$ "u div9ation71 ?ree to geometry1 & six to o!r v>ieties ( ma!matics4#bbdf ,philosoph]s are m5tion$ five times2 practition]s ( m$ic9e1 elev5 times2#bbdg surgeons1 once2 & botani/s1 twice4 ,^! pr(essions seem to be well paid & are spok5 ( 9 complim5t>y t]ms4 ,sid5ote3 ,diseases 9 antiquity4 ,dea?1 injury1 & disease loom up l>ge 9 ,firmicus' prospectus = ! human race1 mak+ u realize ! b5efits ( n9ete5?-c5tury m$ic9e z well z ( mod]n peace4#bbdh ,no less ?an #agd passages deal ) disease & _m ( !m li/ two or m ills4 ,m5tal disord]s are m5tion$ 9 #cg places2#bbdi physical de=mities 9 six4 ,o!r specific ailm5ts m5tion$ are z foll[s3 bl9dness & eye tr\bles1 #aj2 deafness & e> tr\bles1 #e2 imp$im5ts ( spee*1 #d2 baldness1 #a2 f\l odors1 #a2 dyspeptics1 #d2 o!r /oma* compla9ts1 #g2 dys5t]y1 #b2 liv] tr\ble1 #a2 jaundice1 #a2 dropsy1 #e2 sple5 disord]s1 #a2 gonorrhoea1 #b2 o!r diseases ( ! ur9>y bladd] & private p>ts1 #f2 consumption & lung tr\bles1 #f2 hemorrhages1 #f2 apoplexy1 #c2 spasms1 #e2 ills attribut$ to bad or excessive humors1 #ab2 leprosy & o!r sk9 diseases1 #f2 ague1 #a2 fev]1 #a2 pa9s 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 #f2 int]nal pa9s & hidd5 diseases1 #i2 diseases ( wom51 #e4 ,!re rema9 a l>ge numb] ( vague allusions to ill-heal?3 #ba to debility1 #ab to languor1 #c to invalids1 & #di o!r passages4 ,only eight passages allude to ! cure ( disease4 ,among ! me?ods sugge/$ are caut]iz+1 incantations1 ord9>y rem$ies1 & seek+ div9e aid1 :i* la/ is m5tion$ mo/ (t54 ,! elev5 ref]5ces to m$ical practition]s %\ld1 h[ev]1 be recall$ "h4 ,! pr$ictions z to l5g? ( life are inadequate to ! draw+ ( conclusions on t po9t4 ,sid5ote3 ,place ( ,firmicus 9 ! hi/ory ( a/rology4 ,firmicus reg>ds 8 "w z a new contribution s f> z ! ,lat9-speak+ _w is conc]n$4#bbej ,n t !re _h n be5 previ\s writ+ 9 ,lat9 on ! subject4 ,fronto 8_h writt5 pr$ictions v accurately10 b 8z if he 7 address+ p]sons already p]fect & skill$ 9 ! art1 & )\t fir/ in/ruct+ 9 ! elem5ts & practice ( ! art40#bbea ,firmicus supplies ?is ess5tial prelim9>y in/ruction1 :i* h>dly anyone ( ! ,lat9s _h giv51 & corrects ,fronto's faulty pres5tation ( antiscia1 9 :i* he foll[$ ,hipp>*us1 by ! correct] me?od ( ,navigius 7,nigidius87 & ,ptolemy4#bbeb ,firmicus gives no sy/ematic acc\nt ( 8 au?orities#bbec b occasionally cites !m = "s p>ticul> po9t & 9 g5]al pr(esses to foll[ n only ! ,greeks b ! div9e m5 ( ,egypt & ,babylon1 *ief among :om seem to be ,ne*epso & ,petosiris & ! ,h]metic works to or by ,aesculapius & ,hanubius4 ,an ,abram or ,abraham is also cit$ sev]al times4 ,b ,firmicus also gives ! ,spha]a ,b>b>ica1 8unkn[n to all ! ,romans & to _m ,greeks10 & :i* escap$ ! notice ev5 ( ,petosiris & ,ne*epso4#bbed ,firmicus himself is nam$ by no anci5t au?or#bbee b 0 well kn[n 9 ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies1 z we %all see4 ,9 ! ,ma!sis he cites two previ\s a/rological treatises ( 8 own#bbef & expresses 8 int5tion ( compos+ ano!r "w 9 twelve books on ! subject ( ,myriog5esis4#bbeg ,! a/rolog] ,hephae/ion ( ,!bes1 :o wrote lat] 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 seems also to h be5 a ,*ri/ian1 s t ,firmicus 0 n a solit>y case or an anomaly4#bbeh ,sid5ote3 ,libanius accus$ ( magic4 ,! writ+s ( ,libanius1 #cad-cia ,a4 ,d41 ! sophi/ & rhetorician1 ?r[ "s light on ! relations betwe5 magic & le>n+ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 %[ t sorc]y & div9ation 7 actually practic$1 & l>gely duplicate impressions already receiv$ f ,apuleius1 ,apollonius1 & ,gal51 & a ,*ri/ian l ,john ,*ryso/om z well z j n[ f ,firmicus4 ,libanius tells u h[ ,bem>*ius1 a rival ( 8 at ,a!ns1 :o w\ld h poison$ him if he c\ld1 in/ead circulat$ reports t he 7,bem>*ius7 0 ! victim ( en*antm5ts1 & t ,libanius _h consult$ aga9/ him an a/rolog] :o 0 able to control ! />s1 s t he c\ld conf] b5efits ^u "o man & "w sorc]y aga9/ ano!r4 ,?is incid5tally is ano!r good illu/ration ( h[ easily a/rology pass$ f m]e pr$iction ( ! future to op]ative magic1 & ( ! ess5tial unity ( all magic arts4 ,! mob 0 ar\s$ aga9/ ,libanius & a praetor :o tri$ to protect him 0 ou/$ & ano!r in/all$ at daybreak :o 0 ready to put ,libanius to dea?4 ,torture 0 prep>$ & ,libanius 0 advis$ to leave ,a!ns1 if he did n wi% to die !re1 & took ! advice & left4#bbei ,sid5ote3 ,declamation aga9/ a magician4 ,among ! declamations ( ,libanius is "o aga9/ a magician1#bbfj suppos$ to h be5 deliv]$ "u ! foll[+ circum/ances4 ,! city 0 afflict$ ) a pe/il5ce & f9ally s5t an embassy to ! ,delphic oracle to le>n h[ to escape ! sc\rge4 ,apollo repli$ t !y mu/ sacrifice ! son ( "o ( ! inhabitants :o %\ld be det]m9$ by lot1 & ! lot fell to ! son ( a magician4 ,! fa!r !n (f]$ to /ay ! plague by means ( 8 magic art1 if !y w\ld agree to sp>e 8 son4 ,aga9/ ?is proposal ,libanius argues1 urg+ ! p to c>ry out _! orig9al decision & n to ang] ! ,delphic god by violat+ 8 oracle1 ^: reliability is atte/$ by 8long "t & mu* exp]i5ce & common te/imony40 ,he decl>es t magic is an evil art1 & t magicians make no "o happy b _m wret*$1 ru9+ homes1 br++ disa/] to p]sons :o h nev] h>m$ !m1 & di/urb+ ev5 ! spirits ( ! dead4 ,he also c5sures ! magician = n hav+ (f]$ to save ! city f ! plague be=e1 & expresses "s scepticism z to 8 magic p[]1 ask+ :y he did n prev5t ! fatal lot f fall+ to 8 son1 or :y he does n save him n[ by caus+ him to vani% f sight1 or v\*safe "s o!r unmi/akable sign ( 8 magic p[]4 ,x appe>s t ! magician _h ask$ a delay1 say+ t he mu/ wait = ! moon be=e he c\ld op]ate aga9/ ! plague4 ,libanius po9ts out t mean:ile ! citiz5s are p]i%+ & t fulfillm5t ( ,apollo's oracle w br+ in/ant relief4 ,x w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 t "s ( ! citiz5s _h m fai? 9 ! magician ?an 9 ! god1 :i* supports ! (t-made g5]al ass]tion t ! magic arts wax$ z pagan religion & its sup]/iti\s obs]vances wan$4 ,libanius concludes 8 oration or imag9>y oration ) ! cutt+ & he>tless witticism t ! magician c lose 8 son m easily ?an c anyone else1 s9ce he w ( c\rse /ill be able to invoke 8 _s f ! dead4 ,sid5ote3 ,fai? ( ,libanius 9 div9ation4 ,libanius' own fai? 9 div9ation is n only sugge/$ by ! attitude t[>d ! ,delphic oracle 9 ! =ego+ declamation b is atte/$ by two passages 9 8 autobiography4 ,8 great-great-gr&fa!r _h s excell$ 9 mantike t he =esaw t 8 *ildr5 w\ld die by /eel1 al?\gh !y w\ld be h&some & great & good speak]s4 ,x also 0 rumor$ t a celebrat$ sophi/ _h pr$ict$ _m ?+s conc]n+ ,libanius himself1 :i* ,libanius assures u _h s9ce come to pass4#bbfa ,sid5ote3 ,magic & a/rology 9 ! pseudo-,qu9tilian declamations4 ,( ! same type z ,libanius' declamation aga9/ ! magician is ! f\r? pseudo-,qu9tilian declamation 9 ,lat9 conc]n+ an a/rolog]'s pr$iction1 :i* we %all lat] 9 ! twelf? c5tury f9d ,b]n>d ,silve/] enl>g+ ^u 9 8 poem entitl$ ,ma!maticus4 ,9 ano!r ( ! pseudo-,qu9tilian declamations ! ^w exp]im5tum is us$ ( a magician's feat4 8,o h>% & cruel magician1 ,o manufactur] ( our te>s1 ,i w\ld t y _h n giv5 s great an exp]im5t6 ,we are angry at y1 yet we mu/ cajole y4 ,:ile y imprison ! gho/1 we "k t y alone c evoke x40#bbfb ,sid5ote3 ,fusion ( ,*ri/ianity & paganism 9 ,synesius ( ,cyr5e4 ,t m ?an fifty ye>s aft] ,firmicus adh]5ce to ,*ri/ianity might be comb9$ ) tru/ 9 div9ation ( ! future1 occult sci5ce1 & magical invocation ( spirits1 & ) v>i\s o!r pagan & ,neo-,platonic beliefs1 is well illu/rat$ by ! case ( ,synesius ( ,cyr5e1#bbfc a fell[-,african & contempor>y ( ,augu/9e4 ,synesius1 h[ev]1 trac$ 8 desc5t f ! ,h]acleidae1 wrote 9 ,greek1 & display$ a ,hell5ism unusual = 8 "t1#bbfd &1 :ile he did n f9d ! ,a!ns ( 8 day entirely to 8 ta/e1 cont9u$ ! philosophical & rhetorical traditions ( ! sophi/s ( ! ,roman ,empire1 l ,libanius ( :om we h j spok54 ,8 extant lett]s %[ t ,hypatia 0 numb]$ among 8 fri5ds & _h be5 8 tea*] at ! ,neo-,platonic & ma!matical s*ool ( ,alex&ria4 ,hypatia 0 murd]$ by ! fanatical ,*ri/ian mob ( t city 9 #dae4 ,b v diff]5t 0 ! attitude ( ! p ( ,ptolemais to ! l-m9d$ ,synesius4 ,a few ye>s be=e !y _h elect$ him bi%op6#bbfe ,moreov]1 he di/9ctly /ipulat$#bbff t he %\ld n r5\nce 8 wife & family nor 8 philosophical op9ions1 :i* seem to h involv$ a sceptical attitude t[>ds miracles & ! resurrection1 & a belief 9 ! et]nity ( ! _w & pre-exi/5ce ( ! s\l r ?an 9 creation1#bbfg 9 addition to ! views :i* we are ab\t to set =?4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ also t 8 doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is m ,neo-,platonic ?an ,*ri/ian4#bbfh ,sid5ote3 ,c>e] ( ,synesius4 ,! dates ( ,synesius' bir? & dea? are unc]ta94 ,he seems to h be5 born ab\t #cgj4 ,8 la/ dateable lett] appe>s to be writt5 9 #dab1 b "s give ! date ( 8 dea? z late z #dcj4 ,o!rs cont5d t he did n live to he> ( ,hypatia's murd]4 ,be=e he 0 made bi%op he _h be5 to ,con/ant9ople on a mission to ! emp]or to secure alleviation ( ! oppressive taxation 9 ,cyr5e4 ,he _h liv$ 9 ,a!ns & ,alex&ria z a /ud5t1 & 9 ,cyr5e on 8 c\ntry e/ate4 ,"h1 if 9 8 fondness = books & philosophy he con/itut$ a survival ( ! pa/1 9 8 fondness = ! *ase & dogs & horses & 8 repulsion ( an invasion ( ,libyan m>aud]s he 0 ! =]unn] ( _m a m$ieval feudal bi%op4 ,& aft] he became bi%op1 he laun*$ an excommunication aga9/ ! tyrannical prefect ,&ronicus4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 int]e/ 9 sci5ce4 ,b our p>ticul> int]e/ is less 9 8 political & m purely lit]>y activities ?an 9 8 ta/e = ma!matics & sci5ce4 ,he knew "s m$ic9e & 0 well acqua9t$ ) geometry & a/ronomy4 ,he believ$ himself to be ! inv5tor ( an a/rolabe & ( a hydroscope4 ,sid5ote3 ,belief 9 occult sympa?ies betwe5 natural objects4 ,) ?is int]e/ 9 natural & ma!matical sci5ce w5t an int]e/ 9 occult sci5ce & div9ation4 ,8 belief t ! univ]se 0 a unit & all its p>ts closely correlat$ n only l$ him to ma9ta91 l ,s5eca1 t :atev] _h a cause 0 a sign ( "s future ev5t1 or to hold ) ,plot9us t 9 any & e object ! sage might disc]n ! future ( e o!r1 & t ! birds !mselves1 if end[$ ) suffici5t intellig5ce1 w\ld be able to pr$ict ! future by obs]v+ ! movem5ts ( human bip$s4#bbfi ,x l$ him also to ! conclusion t ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! univ]se 7 m ?an passive mirrors 9 :i* "o might see ! future ( ! o!r p>ts2 t !y fur!r ex]t$1 by virtue ( ! magic sympa?y :i* unit$ all p>ts ( ! univ]se1 a pot5t active influ5ce ov] o!r objects & occurr5ces4 ,! wise man might n only pr$ict ! future2 he might1 to a great ext5t1 control x4 8,= x mu/ be1 ,i ?9k1 t ( ?is :ole1 s jo9$ 9 sympa?y & 9 agreem5t1 ! p>ts are closely connect$ z if memb]s ( a s+le body4 ,& does n ?is expla9 ! spells ( ! magi8 ,= ?+s1 besides be+ signs ( ea* o!r1 h magic p[] ov] ea* o!r4 ,! wise man1 !n1 is he :o kn[s ! relation%ips ( ! p>ts ( ! univ]se4 ,= he draws "o object "u 8 control by means ( ano!r object1 hold+ :at is at h& z a pl$ge = :at is f> away1 & work+ ?r\gh s\nds & mat]ial sub/ances & =ms40#bbgj ,synesius expla9$ t plants & /ones are relat$ by bonds ( occult sympa?y to ! gods :o are )9 ! univ]se & :o =m a "p ( x1 t plants & /ones h magic p[] ov] ^! gods1 & t "o may by means ( su* mat]ial sub/ances attract ^? deities4#bbga ,he evid5tly believ$ t x 0 q legitimate to control ! processes ( nature by invok+ demons4 ,sid5ote3 ,synesius on div9ation & a/rology4 ,! devotion ( ,synesius to div9ation has be5 already impli$4 ,he reg>d$ x z among ! noble/ ( human pursuits4#bbgb ,dreams1 on :i* he wrote a treatise1 he view$ z significant & v useful ev5ts4 ,!y aid$ him1 he wrote1 9 8 e-day life1 & _h ^u "o occasion sav$ him f magic devices aga9/ 8 life4#bbgc ,w>n$ by a dream t he w\ld h a son1 he wrote a treatise = ! *ild be=e x 0 born4#bbgd ,( c\rse1 he _h fai? 9 a/rology4 ,! />s 7 well-nigh ev] pres5t 9 8 ?\ght4 ,9 8 ,praise ( ,baldness he *>act]iz$ comets z fatal om5s1 z h>b+]s ( ! wor/ public disa/]s4#bbge ,9 ,on ,provid5ce he expla9$ ! suppos$ fact t hi/ory repeats itself by ! p]iodical return to _! =m] positions ( ! />s :i* gov]n our life4#bbgf ,9 ,on ! ,gift ( an ,a/rolabe he decl>$ t 8a/ronomy0 besides be+ itself a noble sci5ce1 prep>$ m5 = ! div9] my/]ies ( !ology4#bbgg ,sid5ote3 ,synesius z an al*emi/4 ,f9ally1 he held ! view common among /ud5ts ( magic t k %\ld be esot]ic2 t its my/]ies & m>vels %\ld be conf9$ to ! few fitt$ to receive !m & t !y %\ld be express$ 9 language incompreh5sible to ! vulg> cr[d4#bbgh ,x is p]haps on ?is acc\nt t "o ( ! olde/ extant treatises ( ,greek al*emy is ascrib$ to him4 ,b]!lot1 h[ev]1 accept$ x z 81 /at+ t 8!re is no?+ surpris+ 9 ,synesius' hav+ really writt5 on al*emy40#bbgi ,sid5ote3 ,macrobius on numb]1 dreams1 & />s4 ,synesius influ5c$ ! ,byzant9e p]iod b probably n ! we/]n m$ieval _w4 ,b ! ,comm5t>y ( ,macrobius on ,! ,dream ( ,scipio by ,cic]o is "o ( ! treatises mo/ frequ5tly enc\nt]$ 9 e>ly m$ieval ,lat9 manuscripts4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury ,abel>d made frequ5t ref]5ce to ,macrobius & call$ him 8no mean philosoph]02 9 ! ?irte5? ,aqu9as cit$ him z an au?ority = ! doctr9es ( ,neo-,platonism4#bbhj ,macrobius himself affirm$ t ,v]gil conta9$ practically all necess>y k#bbha & t ,cic]o's ,dream ( ,scipio 0 a "w second to none & conta9$ ! entire sub/ance ( philosophy4#bbhb ,macrobius believ$ t numb]s possess occult p[]4 ,he dilat$ at consid]able l5g? ^u e numb] f "o to eight1 emphasiz+ ! p]fection & f>-rea*+ significance ( ea*4 ,he held ! ,py?agorean doctr9e t ! _w-s\l consi/s ( numb]1 t numb] rules ! h>mony ( ! cele/ial bodies1 & t f ! music ( ! sph]es we d]ive ! num]ical values prop] to musical consonance4#bbhc ,8 op9ion 0 t dreams & o!r /rik+ occurr5ces w reveal an occult mean+ to ! c>eful inve/igator4#bbhd ,z = a/rology1 he reg>d$ ! />s z signs b n causes ( future ev5ts1 j z birds by _! flight or song reveal matt]s ( :i* !y !mselves are ignorant4#bbhe ,s ! sun & o!r planets1 ?\gh 9 a way div9e1 are b mat]ial bodies1 & x is n f !m b f ! _w-s\l 7pure m9d71 :5ce !y too come1 t ! human _s takes its orig94#bbhf ,9 8 sole o!r extant "w1 ! ,saturnalia1 ,macrobius displays "s belief 9 occult virtues 9 natural objects1 z :5 ,disaurius ! physician answ]s su* que/ions z :y a copp] knife /uck 9 game prev5ts decay4#bbhg ,sid5ote3 ,m>tianus ,capella4 ,! m$ieval vogue ( ! fif? c5tury "w ( ,m>tianus ,capella1 ,! ,nuptials ( ,philology & ,m]cury1 & ! ,sev5 ,lib]al ,arts1#bbhh has be5 too frequ5tly demon/rat$ to require fur!r emphasis "h1 al?\gh x is /ill a puzzle j :y a mona/ic ,*ri/ian _w %\ld h select$ = a text book 9 ! lib]al arts a "w :i* conta9$ s mu* pagan my?ology1 to say no?+ ( a m>riage c]emony4 ,nor ne$ we repeat its fulsome allegorical plot & meag] le>n$ cont5t4 ,cassiodorus tells u t ! au?or 0 a native ( ,madaura1 ! bir?place ( ,apuleius1 9 ,nor? ,africa1 & he appe>s to be a ,neo-,platoni/ :o has mu* to say ( ! sky1 />s1 & old pagan gods1 (t51 h[ev]1 by way ( brief & vague poetical allusion4 ,sid5ote3 ,abs5ce ( a/rology4 ,( a/rology !re is v little trace 9 ,capella's "w4 ,9 a discussion ( p]fect numb]s 9 ! second book ! numb] sev5 evokes allusion to ! fatal c\rses ( ! />s & _! influ5ce ^u ! =mation ( ! *ild 9 ! womb2 b ! eigh? book1 :i* is devot$ to ! !me ( a/ronomy z "o ( ! lib]al arts1 is limit$ to a purely a/ronomical description ( ! heav5s4 ,sid5ote3 ,ord]s ( spirits4 ,! *ief ?+ = u to note 9 ! "w is ! acc\nt ( ! v>i\s ord]s ( spiritual be+s & _! respective location 9 ref]5ce to ! heav5ly bodies4#bbhi ,juno leads ! virg9 ,philology to ! a]ial citadels & !re in/ructs h] 9 ! multiplicity ( div]se p[]s4 ,f highe/ e!r to ! sol> circle are be+s ( a fi]y & flam+ sub/ance4 ,^! are ! cele/ial gods :o prep>e ! secrets ( occult causes4 ,!y are pure & impassive & immortal & h little or no direct relation ) mank9d4 ,betwe5 sun & moon come spirits :o h especial *>ge ( soo?say+1 dreams1 prodigies1 om5s1 & div9ation f entrails & auguries4 ,!y (t5 utt] w>n+ voices or admoni% ^? :o consult _! oracles by ! c\rse ( ! />s or ! hurl+ ( ?und]bolts4 ,to ?is class belong ! ,g5ii associat$ ) individual mortals & angels 8:o ann\nce secret ?\ghts to ! sup]ior p[]40 ,all ^! ! ,greeks call demons4 ,_! spl5dor is less lucid ?an t ( ! cele/ials1 b _! bodies are n suffici5tly corporeal to enable m5 to see !m4 ,l>es & pur] human s\ls aft] dea? also come "u ?is category4 ,betwe5 moon & e>? ! spirits subdivide into ?ree classes4 ,9 ! upp] atmosph]e are demi-gods4 8,^! h cele/ial s\ls & holy m9ds & are begott5 9 human =m to ! pr(it ( ! :ole _w40 ,su* 7 ,h]cules1 ,ammon1 ,dionysus1 ,osiris1 ,isis1 ,triptolemus1 & ,asclepius4 ,o!rs ( ?is class become sibyls & se]s4 ,f mid-air to ! m\nta9-tops are f\nd h]oes & ,manes4 ,f9ally ! e>? itself is inhabit$ by a long-liv$ race ( dwell]s 9 woods & groves1 9 f\nta9s & lakes & /reams1 call$ ,pans1 ,fauns1 satyrs1 ,silvani1 nymphs1 & by o!r names4 ,!y f9ally die z m5 d1 b possess great p[] ( =esight & ( inflict+ injury4#bbij ,x is evid5t t ,capella's spiritual _w is "o well fitt$ = a/rology1 div9ation1 & magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,cele/ial ,hi]>*y ( ,dionysius ! ,areopagite4 ,v diff]5t are ! ord]s ( spirits describ$ 9 ,! ,cele/ial ,hi]>*y1 suppos$ to be ! "w ( ,dionysius ! ,areopagite1 :]e are set =? n9e ord]s ( spirits 9 ?ree gr\ps ( ?ree ea*3 ,s]aphim1 ,*]ubim1 & ,?rones2 ,dom9ions1 ,virtues1 & ,p[]s2 ,pr9ces1 ,ar*angels1 & ,angels4 ,! ?reefold division rem9ds u ( ,capella1 b !re ! resemblance ceases4 ,! pseudo-,dionysius takes all 8 sugge/ions f ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 r ?an f classical my?ology & su* previ\s classifications ( spirits z t ( ,apuleius4 ,& :ile 8 />t+ f su* v]ses ( ! ,bible z 8,e good gift & e p]fect gift is f above1 desc5d+ f ! ,fa!r ( lights10 & 8,jesus ,*ri/ ! true light t lighte? e man t come? into ! _w10 & 8 us+ su* phrases z 8ar*ifotic ,fa!r0 & 8!>*ic ray10 lead u to expect "s ,gno/ic-l s*eme ( association ( ! spirits ) ! v>i\s heav5s & cele/ial bodies1 9 fact he ?r\gh\t speaks ( ! spirits solely z cele/ial & dei=m & hyp]cosmic m9ds1 & unspeakable & sacr$ enigmas ( ^: invisibility1 transc5d5ce1 inf9ity1 & incompreh5sibility any description c be m]ely symbolic & figurative4 ,_! functions seem to consi/ *iefly 9 contemplation ( ! deity or _! sup]ior ord]s & illum9ation ( man & _! inf]ior ord]s4 ,!y are n specifically associat$ by ,dionysius ) ! cele/ial bodies1 mu* less ) any t]re/rial objects1 & s 8 acc\nt lays no f\ndation = magic & a/rology1 unless z its transc5d5t my/icism might pique "s curi\s p]son to attempt "s v immat]ial v>iety ( !urgy & sublimat$ !osophy4 ,al?\gh ! ,pseudo-,dionysius wrote 9 ,greek1#bbia 8 "w 0 made available = ! ,lat9 middle ages by ! translation ( ,john ! ,scot 9 ! n9? c5tury4#bbib ,,book ,,iii4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,middle ,,ages ,*apt] #bd4 ,! ,/ory ( ,nectanebus4 0 #be4 ,po/-,classical ,m$ic9e4 0 #bf4 ,pseudo-,lit]ature 9 ,natural ,sci5ce ( ! ,e>ly ,middle ,ages4 0 #bg4 ,o!r ,e>ly ,m$ieval ,le>n+4 0 #bh4 ,arabic ,occult ,sci5ce ( ! ,n9? ,c5tury4 0 #bi4 ,lat9 ,a/rology & ,div9ation1 ,especially 9 ! ,n9?1 ,t5?1 & ,elev5? ,c5turies4 0 #cj4 ,g]b]t & ! ,introduction ( ,arabic ,a/rology4 0 #ca4 ,anglo-,saxon1 ,sal]nitan1 & o!r ,lat9 ,m$ic9e 9 ,manuscripts f ! ,n9? to ! ,twelf? ,c5tury4 0 #cb4 ,con/ant9us ,africanus4 0 #cc4 ,treatises on ! ,arts be=e ! ,introduction ( ,arabic ,al*emy4 0 #cd4 ,m>bod4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,nectanebus ,,or ,,! ,,alex&] ,,leg5d ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,middle ,,ages#bbic ,! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es--,its unhi/oric "*--,julius ,val]ius--,ori5tal v]sions--,m$ieval epitomes ( ,julius ,val]ius--,lett]s ( ,alex&]--,leo's ,hi/oria de praeliis--,m$ieval metamorphosis ( anci5t tradition--,survival ( magical & sci5tific features--,:o 0 ,nectanebus8--,a sci5tific key-note--,magic ( ,nectanebus--,nectanebus z an a/rolog]--,a magic dream--,lucian on ,olympias & ! s]p5t--,m dream-s5d+2 magic trans=mation--,an om5 int]pret$--,! bir? ( ,alex&]--,! dea? ( ,nectanebus--,! ,amazons & ,gymnosophi/s--,! ,lett] to ,ari/otle4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es4 ,! olde/ v]sion ( ! leg5d or romance ( ,alex&] is naturally believ$ to h be5 writt5 9 ! ,greek language b is ?\ght to h be5 produc$ 9 ,egypt at ,alex&ria4 ,b ! ,greek manuscripts ( ! /ory are all ( ! m$ieval or ,r5aissance p]iod2 inde$1 none ( !m ant$ates ! elev5? or twelf? c5tury4 ,fur!rmore1 !y diff] v consid]ably 9 cont5t & arrangem5t1 s t ! problem ( di/+ui%+ or recov]+ ! orig9al text ( ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es1 z ! "w is commonly call$1 & ( dat+ x1 is "o ) :i* v>i\s s*ol>s h grappl$4 ,x has be5 held t ! orig9al ,greek text :i* lies back ( ! lat] v]sions 0 writt5 n lat] ?an #bjj ,a4 ,d4 ,b ,basil1 writ+ 9 ,greek 9 ! f\r? c5tury & well-v]s$ 9 ,greek culture1 is app>5tly unfamili> ) ! /ory ( ,nectanebus1 s9ce he says1 8,)\t d\bt !re has nev] be5 a k+ :o has tak5 measures to h 8 son born "u ! /> ( royalty40#bbid ,=tunately we are less int]e/$ 9 ! orig9al v]sion ?an 9 ! m$ieval developm5t ( ! tradition4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 p]haps be premis$ t c]ta9 features ( ! ,alex&] leg5d may be detect$ 9 embryo 9 ,plut>*'s ,life ( him4 ,! true ,calli/h5es 0 a hi/orian :o accompani$ ,alex&] ^u 8 ,asiatic campaigns b !n (f5d$ ! conqu]or by oppos+ 8 adoption ( ori5tal dress1 absolutism1 & deification1 & 0 !re=e ca/ into prison on a *>ge ( treason1 & !re di$ 9 #cbh ,b4 ,c4 ei!r f ill treatm5t or disease4#bbie ,s9ce ,calli/h5es 0 also a relative & pupil ( ,ari/otle1 8 "n 0 an excell5t "o ^u :i* to fa!r ! romance4 ,h[ev]1 ! olde/ ,lat9 v]sion ( x pr(esses to employ a ,greek text by "o ,aesopus1 possibly because ,aesop's fables accompany ! /ory ( ,alex&] 9 "s ( ! manuscripts4 ,yet o!r v]sions cite an ,onesicritus1#bbif & ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es has also be5 attribut$ to ,anti/h5es1 ,ari/otle1 & ,arrian4 ,sid5ote3 ,its unhi/oric "*4 ,p]haps no bett] s+le illu/ration ( ! totally unhi/orical & romantic "* ( ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es c be giv5 ?an ! p]v]sion ( ,alex&]'s l9e ( m>* 9 mo/ ( ! ,greek & all ( ! ,lat9 v]sions4 ,he is repres5t$ z fir/ proce$+ to ,italy & receiv+ royal honors at ,rome2 !n he goes to ,c>?age & rea*es ! %r9e ( ,ammon by trav]s+ ,libya2 next he passes ?r\gh ,egypt into ,syria & de/roys ,tyre1 aft] :i* he crosses ,arabia & has 8 fir/ battle ) ,d>ius4 ,pres5tly he is f\nd back 9 ,greece sack+ ,!bes & deal+ ) ,cor9?1 ,a!ns1 & ,sp>ta4 ,!n 8 ,asiatic conque/s are resum$4 ,sid5ote3 ,julius ,val]ius4 ,! olde/ ,lat9 v]sion ( ! ,alex&] romance is ! ,res ge/ae ,alex&ri ,mac$onis ( ,julius ,val]ius4 ,:o he 0 & :5 he liv$ are matt]s /ill veil$ 9 obscurity2 b x is cu/om>y to place him 9 ! e>ly f\r? c5tury on ! basis ( ,za*]'s cont5tion t ! ,res ge/ae is copi$ 9 c]ta9 portions ( ! ,it9]>ium ,alex&ri1 :i* 0 writt5 dur+ ! ye>s #cdj-cde ,a4 ,d4 ,?is dat+ w\ld also s]ve to expla9 :y ,basil1 writ+ 9 ,greek be=e #cgi1 _h nev] he>d ( a k+ :o _h tak5 /eps to h 8 son born "u ! /> ( royalty1 :ile ,augu/9e1 writ+ 9 ,lat9 betwe5 #dac & #dbf1 m5tions ! /ory ( a sage :o select$ a c]ta9 h\r = int]c\rse ) 8 wife 9 ord] t he might beget a m>vel\s son4 ,?is w\ld also sugge/ t ! ,lat9 v]sion 0 old] ?an ! ,greek1 z 9 fact ! extant manuscripts ( x are4 ,! olde/ manuscript ( ,val]ius1 h[ev]1 is a badly damag$ palimpse/ ( ! sev5? c5tury at ,tur94 ,o!r manuscripts are "o at ,milan ( ! t5? c5tury & ano!r at ,p>is dat+ ab\t #abjj4bbig ,! text ( ,val]ius diff]s consid]ably f ! ,greek ,pseudo-,calli/h5es & 0 to und]go fur!r alt]ation 9 lat] m$ieval ,lat9 v]sions4 ,sid5ote3 ,ori5tal v]sions4 ,be=e speak+ ( ^! we may m5tion o!r ori5tal v]sions ( ! /ory4 ,an ,arm5ian text dates f ! fif? c5tury4 ,a ,syriac v]sion1 :i* dates f ! sev5? or eigh? c5tury & 0 8mu* read by ! ,ne/orians10 0 itself d]iv$ f an e>li] ,p]sian r5d]+4 ,x seems to make use ( bo? ! ,greek ,pseudo-,calli/h5es & ,julius ,val]ius s9ce x includes incid5ts f ei!r :i* are n f\nd 9 ! o!r4 ,& x omits a consid]able section ( ! ,greek v]sion besides add+ episodes :i* are n f\nd 9 x1 al?\gh conta9$ 9 ,julius ,val]ius4 ,we he> fur!r ( ,arabic & ,hebrew v]sions ( ! romance1 :ile manuscripts ( rec5t date supply an ,e?iopic v]sion ( ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es ( unkn[n au?or%ip & date1 toge!r ) o!r ,e?iopic hi/ories & romances ( ,alex&]4 ,^! are bas$ p>tly ^u ,arabic & ,jewi% works b take great lib]ties ) _! s\rces 9 mak+ alt]ations to suit a ,*ri/ian audi5ce1 omitt+ = example1 z ,budge po9ts out1 ,alex&]'s victory 9 ! *>iot race1 & trans=m+ ,philip & ,alex&] into ,*ri/ian m>tyrs1 or ! ,greek gods into patri>*s & prophets l ,eno* & ,elijah4 ,ev5 ! ,greek v]sion did n rema9 unalt]$ 9 ! ,byzant9e p]iod :5 two rec5sions 9 prose & two m 9 v]se are di/+ui%$4 ,inde$1 none ( ! ,greek manuscripts ( ! "w ant$ates ! elev5? or twelf? c5tury1 !y diff] greatly1 & "s ( !m ascribe ! romance to ,alex&] himself4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$ieval epitomes ( ,julius ,val]ius4 ,su* v>iations 9 ! ea/]n v]sions ( ! /ory ( ,alex&] illu/rate h[ ! middle ages made ! classical h]itage _! own & prep>e u = simil> alt]ations 9 ! ,lat9 acc\nt curr5t 9 we/]n ,europe4 ,! "w ( ,julius ,val]ius1 ?\gh writt5 9 ! rhetorical /yle *>act]i/ic ( ! decl9+ ,roman ,empire & compos$ almo/ on ! v]ge ( ! middle ages1 0 to und]go fur!r alt]ations to adapt x m closely to m$ieval ta/e & use4 ,by ! n9? c5tury1 if n e>li]1 two epitomes ( x _h be5 made1 &1 beg9n+ ) t c5tury1 manuscripts ( ! %ort] ( ^! epitomes become f> m num]\s ?an ^? ( ! orig9al ,val]ius4#bbih ,sid5ote3 ,lett]s ( ,alex&]4 ,two sections ( ! ,alex&] leg5d 7 omitt$ 9 ! ,epitome1 n because m$ieval m5 _h lo/ int]e/ 9 !m b because !y _h become s fond ( !m z to enl>ge ^u !m & issue !m z di/9ct works4 ,!y (t51 h[ev]1 accompany ! ,epitome 9 ! manuscripts4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ! ,lett] ( ,alex&] to ,ari/otle on ! ,m>vels ( ,india4#bbii ,x is long] ?an ! correspond+ *apt] ( ,val]ius#bcjj :]e a lett] ( ,alex&] to ,ari/otle is quot$ & also diff]s f any kn[n ,greek text4 ,! fact t ref]5ce is made to x 9 ! long] ,epitome leads to ! conclusion t ! ,lett] is old]4 ,?is w\ld also seem to be ! case ) ! o!r "w1 a %ort s]ies ( lett]s int]*ang$ betwe5 ,alex&] & ,d9dimus1 ! k+ ( ! ,brahmans1 s9ce ! ,epitome omits ! two *apt]s ( ,val]ius :i* tell ( ,alex&]'s int]view ) ! ,brahmans4 ,x is believ$ t ,alcu91 :o di$ 9 #hjd1 9 "o ( 8 lett]s to ,*>lemagne speaks ( s5d+ ^! epi/les ex*ang$ betwe5 ,alex&] & ,d9dimus along ) ! equally apocryphal correspond5ce ( ! apo/le ,paul & ! philosoph] ,s5eca4 ,no su* lett]s are f\nd 9 ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es1 = ! t5 *apt]s on ! ,brahmans f\nd 9 "o ,greek codex are int]polat$ f ! treatise ( ,palladius1 likewise 9 ! =m ( a correspond5ce4#bcja ,julius ,val]ius does n ev5 m5tion ,d9dimus1 b a ?ird epi/ol>y discussion ( ! ,brahmans exi/s 9 ,lat91 ,de moribus ,bra*mannorum1 ascrib$ to ,/4 ,ambrose4#bcjb ,sid5ote3 ,leo's ,hi/oria de praeliis4 ,leo1 an ar*prie/ ( ,naples1 :o w5t to ,con/ant9ople ab\t #ida-idd on an embassy = two dukes ( ,campania1 ,john & ,m>9us1 br\ght back ) him a ,hi/ory conta9+ ! conflicts & victories ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 ,k+ ( ,mac$on4 ,lat] ,duke ,john1 :o 0 fond ( sci5ce1 _h ,leo translate ?is "w f ,greek into ,lat91 9 :i* tongue x is entitl$ ,hi/oria de praeliis4 ,we le>n ^! facts f its prologue :i* is f\nd only 9 ! olde/ extant manuscript1 a ,bamb]g codex ( ! elev5? c5tury1#bcjc & 9 a manuscript ( ! twelf? or ?irte5? c5tury at ,muni*4 ,! location ( ^! two manuscripts sugge/s t ! "w 0 e>ly c>ri$ f ,italy to ,g]many1 l&s !n connect$ 9 ! ,holy ,roman ,empire4 ,( ! ,de praeliis ap>t f ! prologue !re came to be _m copies1 b mo/ ( !m date f ! lat] middle ages1 & ! importance ( ! "w z a s\rce = ! v]nacul> romances ( ,alex&] has be5 some:at ov]e/imat$1 s9ce ,mey] has %[n t no manuscript ( x is f\nd 9 ,france until ! ?irte5? c5tury & s9ce ! manuscripts ( ! ,epitome are f> m num]\s4#bcjd ,sid5ote3 ,m$ieval metamorphosis ( anci5t tradition4 ,9 ! =ego+ obs]vations we may seem to h digress$ too f> f our ma9 !me ( sci5ce & magic into ! doma9 ( lit]>y hi/ory4 ,b ! developm5t ( ! ,alex&] leg5d1 :i* happ5s to h be5 trac$ m ?or\ghly ?an p]haps any o!r "o ?read 9 ! m$ieval metamorphosis ( anci5t tradition1 ?r[s light at lea/ by analogy ^u _m matt]s 9 :i* we are int]e/$3 ! /ate ( m$ieval manuscript mat]ial1 ! cont9uity & yet ! alt]ation ( anci5t culture dur+ ! e>ly middle ages1 ! process ( translation f ! ,greek :i* w5t on ev5 !n1 & ! v>y+ rapidity or sl[ness ) :i* books circulat$ & ideas p]meat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,survival ( magical & sci5tific features4 ,moreov]1 ! /ory ( ,alex&]1 especially z adapt$ by ! middle ages1 conta9$ a l>ge am\nt ( magic & sci5ce1 m especially ! =m]4 ,! ,epitome might omit a great deal else1 b x kept intact ! op5+ portion ( ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es & ( ,julius ,val]ius conc]n+ ! adv5tures ( ,nectanebus1 ! sage & magician f ,egypt1 ! a/rolog] & ! natural fa!r ( ,alex&]4 ,inde$1 ! titles 9 "s manuscripts sugge/ t ,nectanebus came to rival ,alex&] = m$ieval read]s z ! h]o ( ! /ory4 ,?us we f9d a ,hi/ory ( ,alex&]1 ,k+ ( ,mac$on1 & ( ,nectanebo1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1#bcje or an acc\nt ,( ! ,life & ,de$s ( ,neptanabus1 a/ronom] ( ,egypt1#bcjf or a ,lat9 metrical v]sion by 8,uilik9us0 or ,aret9us ,quili*9us ( ,spoleto 9 #abcf entitl$1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,sci5ce ( ! ,egyptians & ( ,neptanabus _! k+ :o aft]w>ds 0 ! true fa!r ( ,alex&]4#bcjg ,sid5ote3 ,:o 0 ,nectanebus8 ,pl9y 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory describes ! obelisk ( ,nec!bis1 k+ ( ,egypt1 :om he places five c5turies be=e ,alex&] ! ,great4#bcjh ,plut>*1 h[ev]1 9 8 life ( ,agesilaus & ,nepos 9 8 life ( ,*abrias m5tion a ,nectanebus ,,ii :o /ruggl$ aga9/ ,p]sia = ! ?rone ( ,egypt ab\t #cfa ,b4 ,c4 & lat] 0 =c$ to flee to ,e?iopia4 ,9 ! ,alex&] romance1 h[ev]1 x is to ,mac$on t ,nectanebus retreats4 ,a ,nectabis is li/$ z a magician along ) ,o/anes1 ,typhon1 ,d>danus1 ,damig]on1 & ,b]5ice1 by ,t]tullian1 writ+ ab\t #bjj ,a4 ,d4#bcji ,z a matt] ( fact1 9 ! ,?irtie? ,dyna/y 7 two k+s nam$ respectively ,nektanebes or ,nekht-,h>-ehbt1 :o rul$ #cgh to #cfa ,b4 ,c41 & ,nektanebos or ,nekhte-neb(1 :o rul$ #ceh to #cda ,b4 ,c4 ,bo? h left consid]able build+s4#bcaj ,x is ! latt] :o 0 =c$ by ! ,p]sians to flee to ,e?iopia n9e ye>s be=e ,alex&] conqu]$ ,egypt & :o is ! h]o ( our /ory4 ,! /ele ( ,mett]ni* is cov]$ ) magical =mulae ascrib$ to ,nectanebo4#bcaa ,sid5ote3 ,a sci5tific key-note4 ,a note sugge/ive ( bo? natural sci5ce & occult sci5ce is /ruck by ! op5+ passage ( ! ,lat9 epitomes & ( ! olde/ ,greek manuscript2 ! fir/ page ( ,julius ,val]ius is miss+ & has to be suppli$ f ! epitomes4 ,! fir/ words are 8,! ,egyptian sages10 & ! fir/ s5t5ce describes _! sci5tific ability 9 measur+ ! e>? & 9 trac+ ! revolutions ( ! heav5s & numb]+ ! />s4 8,& ( !m all ,nectanabus is recogniz$ to h be5 ! mo/ prud5t 444 = ! elem5ts ( ! univ]se obey$ him40 ,9 ! op5+ s5t5ces ( ! olde/ ,greek v]sion & ( ! ,e?iopic v]sion ev5 m emphasis is laid ?an 9 ! ,epitomes ^u ! le>n+ ( ! ,egyptians 9 g5]al & ( ,nectanebus 9 p>ticul>1 & ( ! close connection ( t le>n+ ) a/rology & magic4#bcab ,we read1 8,n[ !re liv$ 9 ! l& ( ,egypt a k+ :o 0 call$ ,bektanis1 & he 0 a fam\s magician & a sage1 & he 0 deeply le>n$ 9 ! wisdom ( ! ,egyptians4 ,& he _h m k ?an all ! wise m5 :o knew :at 0 9 ! dep?s ( ! ,nile & 9 ! abysses1 & :o 7 skill$ 9 ! k ( ! />s & ( _! seasons & 9 ! k ( ! a/rolabe & 9 ! ca/+ ( nativities4444 ,& by 8 le>n+ & by 8 obs]vations ( ! />s ,nectanebus 0 able to pr$ict :at w\ld befall anyone :o 0 ab\t to be born40#bcac ,9 "o ,lat9 manuscript ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! ,hi/ory ( ,alex&] ! ,great beg9s ) ! #e s5t5ce1 8,books tell u h[ p[]ful ! race ( ! ,egyptians 7 9 ma!matics & ! magic art40#bcad ,sid5ote3 ,magic ( ,nectanebus4 ,next we are told1 & ! acc\nt is practically ! same 9 all ! v]sions ( ! /ory1 h[ by means ( 8 bas9 fill$ ) wat]1 8 wax images ( %ips & m51 8 rod or w& ( ebony1 & ! incantations ) :i* he address$ ! gods above & bel[1 ,nectanebus _h be5 hi!rto able to de/roy all ! armies & to s9k all ! fleets t _h come aga9/ him4 ,b :5 "o day he f\nd 8 magic unavail+ to save him1 he %av$ 8 head & be>d & fl$ to ,mac$on1 :]e 9 l95 g>b he pli$ ! trade ( an a/rolog]4 ,sid5ote3 ,nectanebus z an a/rolog]4 ,9 ?is he soon became s celebrat$ t ! fame ( 8 pr$ictions rea*$ ! e>s ( ! que5 ,olympias1 :o consult$ him dur+ an abs5ce ( ,philip4 ,:5 %e ask$ ,nectanebus by means ( :at art he div9$ ! future s tru?fully1 he answ]$ t !re 7 _m v>ieties ( div9ation4 ,julius ,val]ius & ! ,lat9 epitomes m5tion specifically only int]pret]s ( dreams & a/rolog]s1 b ! ,greek1 ,syriac1 & ,e?iopic v]sions give m elaborate li/s ( v>i\s k9ds ( div9]s4#bcae ,nectanebus next produc$ an a/rological tablet adorn$ ) gold & ivory & ) ea* planet & ! horoscope repres5t$ by a diff]5t /one or metal4 ,) ! aid ( ?is he read ! que5's horoscope & told h] t %e w\ld h a son by ! ,god ,ammon & w\ld be =ew>n$ soon to t effect 9 a dream4 ,olympias repli$ t if su* a dream came to h]1 %e w\ld no long] employ ,nectanebus z a magus b honor him z a god4 ,sid5ote3 ,a magic dream4 ,nectanebus !reupon s\ght = h]bs useful to comm& dreams1 pluck$ !m1 & press$ a syrup out ( !m4 ,he plac$ a wax image ( ! que5 inscrib$ ) h] "n ^u a little c\*1 light$ lamps1 & p\r$ 8 syrup ov] ! wax figure1 mutt]+ a secret & efficaci\s incantation ! :ile4 ,by ?is means he br\ght x ab\t t ! que5 w\ld dream or ?9k %e dream$ :atev] he said to ! wax image ( h]4 ,lat] ,nectanebus himself play$ ! "p ( ! god ,ammon1 ann\nc+ 8 com+ be=eh& to ,olympias by mak+ by 8 8sci5ce0 a dragon :i* glid$ into h] pres5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,lucian on ,olympias & ! s]p5t4 ,lucian ( ,samosata 9 ! second c5tury tells u t x 0 a common /ory 9 8 "t t ,olympias _h la9 ) a s]p5t be=e giv+ bir? to ,alex&]4 ,he sugge/s z ! explanation ( h[ ?is tale orig9at$ ! fact t at ,pella 9 ,mac$onia !re is a bre$ ( l>ge s]p5ts1 8s tame & g5tle t wom5 make pets ( !m1 *ildr5 take !m to b$1 !y w let y tread on !m1 h no objection to be+ squeez$1 & w draw milk f ! brea/s l infants4444 ,x 0 d\btless "o ( ^! t 0 h] b$fell[40#bcaf ,z is apt to be ! case 9 anci5t ef=ts to give a natural explanation ( :at purports to be miracul\s or sup]natural1 ,lucian's biology is only slightly less incr$ible ?an ,nectanebus's magic trans=mations4 ,sid5ote3 ,m dream-s5d+3 magic trans=mation4 ,z ! que5 became pregnant1 8,nectanebus consecrat$ a hawk & told x to g to ,philip10 :o 0 /ill abs5t1 8to /& by him ?r\gh ! night & to in/ruct him 9 a dream z x 0 ord]$40#bcag ,! vision 9 "q 0 expla9$ by an int]pret] ( dreams to ,philip z signify+ t 8 wife w\ld h a son by ! god ,ammon4 ,nev]!less ,philip 0 some:at suspici\s & ha/5$ to br+ 8 w>s to a close & hurry home4 ,nectanebus1 h[ev]1 r5d]+ himself invisible by means ( ! magic art1 cont9u$ to deceive bo? k+ & que54 ,once he t]rifi$ ! c\rt by appe>+ aga9 9 ! =m ( a huge hiss+ s]p5t1 b put 8 head 9 ,olympias's lap & !n kiss$ h]4 ,!reupon he turn$ f a s]p5t into an eagle & flew away4 ,philip 0 !n really conv9c$ t 8 wife's lov] 0 ! god ,ammon4 ,sid5ote3 ,an om5 int]pret$4 ,be=e ! bir? ( ,alex&] ! foll[+ om5 befell ,philip4 ,z he sat absorb$ 9 ?\ght 9 a place :]e !re 7 _m birds fly+ ab\t1 "o ( !m laid an egg 9 8 lap4 ,x roll$ to ! gr\nd1 ! %ell broke1 & a snake issu$ =?4 ,x circl$ ab\t ! egg-%ell b :5 x tri$ to re-ent] ! %ell 0 prev5t$ by dea?4 ,:5 ,antiphon1 ! int]pret] ( om5s1 0 consult$ conc]n+ ?is port5t1 he said t x signifi$ t a son %\ld be born :o w\ld conqu] ! _w b die be=e he c\ld rega9 8 native l&4 ,sid5ote3 ,! bir? ( ,alex&]4 ,! day ( ,olympias's deliv]y n[ approa*$ & ,nectanebus1 9 8 (fice ( a/rolog]1 /ood by h] side to tell h] :5 ! favorable mom5t _h arriv$ = ! bir? ( h] *ild4 ,once he urg$ h] to wait1 s9ce a *ild born at t mom5t w\ld be a slave & a captive4 ,aga9 he bade h] re/ra9 h]self1 = at t mom5t an effem9ate w\ld be born4 ,at la/ ! favorable in/ant came = ! bir? ( a _w conqu]or1 & ,alex&] 0 born amid an e>?quake1 ?und]1 & lightn+4 ,9 ?is case1 !re=e1 ! mom5t ( bir? is reg>d$ z controll+ ! de/9y4 ,_m a/rolog]s1 h[ev]1 consid]$ ! mom5t ( conception z ( great] importance2 we h already he>d ,augu/9e tell ( ! sage :o *ose a c]ta9 h\r = int]c\rse ) 8 wife 9 ord] to beget a m>vel\s son2 & 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ,alb]tus ,magnus1 9 8 treatise on animals1 in=ms u t 8,nectanebus1 ! natural fa!r ( ,alex&]1 9 hav+ int]c\rse ) 8 "m ,olympias1 obs]v$ ! "t :5 ! sun 0 ent]+ ,leo & ,saturn 0 9 ,taurus1 s9ce he wi%$ 8 son to receive ! =m & p[] ( ^? planets40#bcah ,sid5ote3 ,! dea? ( ,nectanebus4 ,! dea? ( ,nectanebus 0 z closely 9 accord ) ! />s z 0 ! bir? ( ,alex&]4 ,at ! age ( twelve ,alex&] f\nd ,nectanebus 9 consultation ) ,olympias &1 attract$ by 8 a/rological tablet1 made him promise to %[ him ! />s at night4 ,!n z ,nectanebus walk$ along />-gaz+1 ,alex&] pu%$ him into a /eep pit :i* !y *anc$ to pass1 & ,nectanebus lay !re ) a brok5 neck4 ,:5 he ask$ ,alex&] ! reason = 8 act1 ! boy repli$ t x 0 9 ord] to conv9ce him ( ! futility ( 8 art1 s9ce he gaz$ at ! />s unm9dful ( :at ?reat5$ him f ! gr\nd4 ,b ,nectanebus rebuts ?is revis$ v]sion ( ! maid s]vant's taunt to ,?ales by tell+ ,alex&] t he _h be5 =ew>n$ by ! />s t he %\ld be kill$ by 8 own son1 & by reveal+ to ,alex&] ! secret ( 8 bir?4#bcai ,9 conclud+ ! /ory ( ,nectanebus x is p]haps wor? :ile to emphasize ! fact t ! epitomes & ,julius ,val]ius (t5 use ! ^w magus ( ,nectanebus z an a/rolog] & t 9 g5]al magic1 a/rology1 & div9ation are indissolubly connect$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,amazons & ,gymnosophi/s4 ,"s acc\nt is giv5 bo? 9 ,julius ,val]ius & ! long] epitome ( ,alex&]'s ex*ange ( lett]s ) ! ,amazons & ( que/ions :i* he put to ! ,gymnosophi/s ( ,india 7i4 e4 ! ,brahmans7 & _! replies4 ,nei!r ( ^! promis+ !mes1 h[ev]1 results 9 ! introduction ( any magic or occult sci5ce4 ,we also f9d 9 ! ,/romata ( ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria#bcbj a li/ ( t5 que/ions :i* ,alex&] prop\nd$ to t5 ( ! ,gymnosophi/s ( ,india & _! +5i\s answ]s giv5 "u pa9 ( dea? if _! responses prov$ unsatisfactory4 ,sid5ote3 ,! lett] to ,ari/otle4 ,nor does ,alex&]'s lett] to ,ari/otle on ! m>vels ( ,india reveal _m specific in/ances ( sup]/ition t are at all int]e/+4 ,= ! mo/ "p x rec\nts 8 m>*es1 ! suff]+s ( 8 army f ?ir/1 combats ) wild bea/s1 s]p5ts1 & hippopotamuses1 & ! treasures :i* he captur$4 ,alex&] /ates t 89 =m] lett]s ,i in=m$ y ab\t ! eclipse ( ! sun & moon & ! con/ancy ( ! />s & ! signs ( ! air40#bcba ,he tells n[1 h[ev]1 ( a place :]e !re are two trees ( ! sun & moon1 speak+ ,indian & ,greek1 "o mascul9e & ! o!r fem99e1 f :i* "o may le>n :at ! future has 9 /ore = good or evil4 ,z to ?is ,alex&] 0 incl9$ to be incr$ul\s1 b ! natives swore t x 0 true1 & 8 companions urg$ him 8n to be defraud$ ( ! exp]i5ce ( s great a ?+40 ,accord+ly he made 8 way to ! spot despite ! innum]able bea/s & snakes :i* beset 8 pa?4 ,*a/ity 0 ess5tial 9 ord] to approa* ! trees1 & he also _h to lay aside 8 r+s1 royal robes1 & %oes4 ,! sun tree !n told him at dawn t he w\ld nev] see home or 8 "m & si/]s aga94 ,at ev5tide ! moon tree add$ t he w\ld die at ,babylon4#bcbb ,! ?ird & f9al response1 v\*saf$ by ! sun tree1 0 t 8 dea? w\ld be f poison1 b ! "n ( ! poison] ! oracul> tree refus$ to divulge le/ ,alex&] try to kill him fir/ & ?us *eat ! ?ree ,fates4 ,alex&] has consequ5tly _h to cont5t himself1 z he in=ms ,ari/otle 9 ! clos+ s5t5ce ( 8 lett]1 ) build+ a monum5t to p]petuate 8 "n among all mortals4#bcbc ,( o!r spuri\s treatises ascrib$ to ,alex&] 9 ! middle ages1 works ( al*emy & works ( a/rology1 we %all treat 9 a lat] *apt] on ! ,pseudo-,ari/otle4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,po/-,,classical ,,m$ic9e ,?ree repres5tatives ( po/-classical m$ic9e--,bibliographical note--,m$ical comp5diums3 ,oribasius & ,paul ( ,aeg9a--,atius ( ,amida--,h[ sup]/iti\s are ,atius & ,alex&] ( ,tralles8--,comp\nd m$ic9es--,atius m]ely reproduces ! sup]/ition ( ,gal5--,occult sci5ce mix$ ) "s scepticism--,alex&] ( ,tralles--,orig9ality ( 8 "w--,8 m$ieval influ5ce--,8 p]sonal exp]i5ce--,ext5t ( 8 sup]/ition--,physica--,occult virtue ( sub/ances appli$ ext]nally--,o!r ?+s us$ z ligatures & amulets--,a/rology & sculpture ( r+s--,incantations--,conjuration ( an h]b--,m$ieval v]sion seems less sup]/iti\s ?an ! orig9al text--,m>cellus3 date & id5tity--8,m>cellus ,empiricus0--,sup]/iti\s "* ( 8 m$ic9e--,prep>ation ( goat's blood--,a rabbit's foot--,magic transf] ( disease--,pl9y & ,m>cellus comp>$ on gre5 liz>ds z eye-cures--,m liz>dry--,use ( /ones & an h]b--,"r & left3 numb]--,incantations & *>act]s--,! art ( m$ic9e survives ! b>b>ian invasions4 ,sid5ote3 ,?ree repres5tatives ( po/-classical m$ic9e4 ,9 ?is *apt] z repres5tatives ( po/-classical m$ic9e & its influ5ce ^u m$ieval ,lat9 m$ic9e we %all consid] ?ree writ]s ^: works date f ! close ( ! f\r? to ! middle ( ! six? c5tury1 ,m>cellus ( ,bordeaux or ,m>cellus ,empiricus1 ,atius ( ,amida 9 ,mesopotamia1 & ,alex&] ( ,tralles 9 ,asia ,m9or4#bcbd ,!y h j be5 m5tion$ 9 _! *ronological ord]1 b al?\gh ,m>cellus ant$ates ! o!r two by a full c5tury1 we %all consid] him la/1 s9ce he wrote 9 ,lat9 :ile !y wrote 9 ,greek1 & s9ce he includes ,celtic words & probably ,celtic folk-lore1 & s9ce he seems to h be5 a native ( ,gaul1 if n ( ,bordeaux1#bcbe & ?us is geographically clos] to ! sc5e ( m$ieval ,lat9 le>n+4 ,atius & ,alex&] h ! clos] connection n only ) ! ea/]n & ,greek _w b also ) ! pa/ classical m$ic9e ( ,gal5 & s w provide a bett] po9t ( dep>ture4 ,presumably f ! places & p]iods 9 :i* !y liv$1 all ?ree ( our au?ors 7 ,*ri/ians1 b x mu/ be said t ! *ief evid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity 9 _! works is ! use ( ,*ri/ian or ,hebrew prop] names 9 incantations1 & !re are "s analog\s relics ( pagan sup]/ition4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$ical comp5diums3 ,oribasius & ,paul ( ,aeg9a4 ,z ,tribonian & ,ju/9ian boil$ d[n ! volum9\s legal lit]ature ( ,rome into "o ,dige/1 s !re 0 a simil> t5d5cy to r$uce ! pa/ m$ical writ+s ( ! ,greeks into "o comp5di\s "w4 ,paul ( ,aeg9a1 writ+ 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 obs]ves 9 8 preface#bcbf t x is n "r1 :5 lawy]s :o usually h pl5ty ( "t to reflect ov] _! cases h h&y summ>ies ( _! subject to :i* !y c ref]1 t physicians ^: cases (t5 require imm$iate action %\ld n also h "s conv5i5t h&book1 & ! m s s9ce _m ( !m are call$ ^u to ex]cise _! pr(ession n 9 l>ge cities ) easy access to libr>ies1 b 9 ! c\ntry1 9 des]t places1 or on %ipbo>d4 ,oribasius1 fri5d & physician ( ! emp]or ,julian1 #cfa-cfc ,a4 ,d41 _h made su* a comp5dium by t emp]or's ord]4 ,9 ?is he embodi$ s mu* ( ,gal5's tea*+s t he became kn[n z 8! ape ( ,gal510#bcbg al?\gh he also us$ m rec5t writ]s4 ,b ,paul ( ,aeg9a reg>d$ ?is "w ( ,oribasius z too bulky1 s9ce x orig9ally compris$ sev5ty-two books al?\gh only tw5ty-five are n[ extant1 & s essay$ a brief] compilation ( 8 own4 ,two c5turies ago1 h[ev]1 ,fri5d & ,milw>d prote/$ aga9/ reg>d+ ,paul1 ,atius1 & ,alex&] z m]e compil]s & ma9ta9$ t !y 87 really m5 ( great le>n+ & exp]i5ce0#bcbh :o 8h describ$ di/emp]s :i* 7 omitt$ be=e2 taught a new me?od ( treat+ old ones2 giv5 an acc\nt ( new m$ic9es1 bo? simple & comp\nd2 & made l>ge additions to ! practice ( surg]y40#bcbi ,pus*mann m rec5tly /ates t ,paul's comp5dium 0 8compos$ ) great orig9ality & indep5d5ce0 & is ( great value 8p>ticul>ly 9 its surgical sections40#bccj ,aft] ,paul1 h[ev]1 ! ,byzant9e m$ical writ]s1 su* z ,palladius1 ,!ophilus1 ,/eph5 ( ,alex&ria1 ,nonus1 & ,psellus1 7 ( an inf]ior calib]4#bcca ,) ,paul's "w1 h[ev]1 we are n n[ fur!r conc]n$1 nor ) t ( ,oribasius1 b ) ! some:at simil> comp5diums ( ,atius & ,alex&] :i* lie *ronologically betwe5 ^! o!r two4 ,x is ,atius & ,alex&] :om ,payne accuses ( 8introduc+ into classical m$ic9e ! magical elem5ts d]iv$ f ! ,ea/0#bccb & :om we might !re=e expect to possess an especial int]e/ = our inve/igation4 ,sid5ote3 ,atius ( ,amida4 ,( ! life & p]sonality ( ,atius we "k v little1 b inasmu* z he m5tions ,/4 ,cyril1 ar*bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 & ,pet] ! ,ar*iat]1 a physician ( ,!odoric1 :ile he himself is cit$ by ,alex&] ( ,tralles1 he seems to h liv$ at ! end ( ! fif? & beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury4#bccc ,& s9ce ,alex&] cites him only 9 8 book on fev]s :i* seems to h be5 compos$ aft] ! re/ ( 8 "w1 x seems probable t ,atius 0 almo/ contempor>y ) him & wrote 9 ! six? r ?an ! fif? c5tury4 ,8 ,tetrabiblos--ea* ( ! f\r books subdivides into f\r sections & (t5 ^! are spok5 ( z sixte5 books--occupies a middle position n only 9 "t b 9 l5g? betwe5 ! works ( ,oribasius & ,paul1 & resembles ! latt] 9 mak+ a great deal ( use ( ! =m]4 ,atius' extracts f ! old] writ]s are %ort] ?an ^? ( ,oribasius1 h[ev]1 & he also diff]s f him 9 comb9+ sev]al au?orities 9 a s+le *apt]1 ! me?od usually adopt$ by ! m$ieval ,lat9 encyclop$i/s4 ,x has be5 not$ t ! word+ ( ! orig9al au?orities 0 (t5 pres]v$ 9 ! olde/ m$ieval manuscripts ( ,atius1 until ! copyi/s ( ! "t ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance began to t\* up ! /yle 9 accordance ) _! errone\s notions ( :at con/itut$ classical ,greek4#bccd ,x may also be said t ^! sy/ematically arrang$ h&books ( ,oribasius1 ,atius1 & ! re/1 :]e "o c\ld f9d :at "o 0 look+ aft]1 7 f> sup]ior 9 sy/ematic & ord]ly pres5tation to ! discursive works ( ,gal5 :i*1 l _m o!r classical writ+s1 (t5 seem rambl+ & )\t any p>ticul> plan4#bcce ,?is m logical1 if some:at cut-&-dri$ me?od1 0 also to be a virtue ( m$ieval ,lat9 le>n+4 ,:e!r ,atius directly influ5c$ ! ,lat9 middle ages is d\btful1 s9ce no e>ly ,lat9 translation ( him seems to be kn[n4#bccf ,! "w ( ,oribasius1 h[ev]1 exi/s 9 ,lat9 translation 9 manuscripts ( ! sev5? c5tury z well z 9 o!rs ( ! n9? & twelf?4#bccg ,sid5ote3 ,h[ sup]/iti\s are ,atius & ,alex&]8 ,! works ( ,atius & ,alex&] ( ,tralles d n impress me z conta9+ an unusually l>ge am\nt ( sup]/iti\s m$ic9e4 ,mu* less am ,i incl9$ to agree ) ,payne t !y are responsible = ! introduction into classical m$ic9e ( magical elem5ts d]iv$ f ! ea/4 ,^! elem5ts1 :e!r d]iv$ f ! ori5t any m ?an any o!r feature ( classical civilization or n1 at any rate _h be5 a prom95t feature ( classical m$ic9e long be=e ! days ( ,atius & ,alex&]1 z ,pl9y's review ( m$ic9e be=e 8 "t abundantly prov$ & z is also %[n by ! extraord9>y virtues :i* ,pl9y himself1 8 contempor>y ,dioscorides1 & ev5 ! great ,gal5 attribut$ to m$ic9al simples4 ,sid5ote3 ,comp\nd m$ic9es4 ,x is true t ,atius & ,alex&] ab\nd 9 recipes = elaborate m$ical comp\nds compos$ ( num]\s +r$i5ts4 ,( su* concoctions "o example mu/ suffice1 a pla/] :i* ,atius recomm5ds = tumors1 h>d lumps1 & g\t4 8,( ! t]eb9?-tree1 ( ! /one ( ,asia1 ( bitum5 ?ree hundr$ & sixty drams ea*2 ( wa%+-soda 7spumae nitri71 calf-fat1 wax1 laurel b]ries1 ammonia1 & ?yme ?ree hundr$ & =ty drams ea*2 ( ! /one pyrites & quick-lime "o hundr$ & tw5ty drams ea*2 ( ! a%es ( asps :i* h be5 burn$ alive "o hundr$ & =ty drams2 ( old oil two p\nds4 ,fir/ liquefy ! oil & wax1 !n ! bitum51 :i* %\ld h fir/ be5 pulv]iz$4 ,add to ^! ! fat1 & pres5tly ! ammonia & t]eb9?2 & :5 ^! are tak5 (f ! fire mix 9 ! lime & /one ( ,asia1 !n ! laurel b]ries & wa%+-soda1 & f9ally aft] ! m$icam5t has cool$ spr9kle ! a%es ( asps ^u x40#bcch ,su* concoctions are to a l>ge ext5t borr[$ by ,atius1 ,alex&]1 & ,m>cellus f e>li] writ]s4 ,moreov]1 :ile ,pl9y _h exclud$ su* comp\nds f ! pages ( 8 ,natural ,hi/ory1 he _h also made x abundantly evid5t t !y 7 already 9 g5]al use by 8 "t1 & !y are to be f\nd 9 great numb]s 9 ! works ( ,gal5 :o cites _m f prec$+ writ]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,atius m]ely reproduces ! sup]/ition ( ,gal54 ,inde$1 x 0 f ,gal5 himself & n f ! ea/ t ,atius at lea/ d]iv$ 8 mo/ /rik+ly sup]/iti\s passages4 ,?is 0 accid5tally & conv9c+ly prov5 by my own exp]i5ce4 ,x s happ5$ t ,i wrote an acc\nt ( ! passages 9 ! ,tetrabiblos ( ,atius be=e ,i _h read ext5sively 9 ,gal5's works4 ,:5 ,i came to d s1 ,i f\nd t almo/ e passage t ,i _h select$ to illu/rate ! sup]/iti\s side ( ,atius 0 conta9$ 9 ,gal53 = example1 ! use z an amulet ( a gre5 jasp] susp5d$ f ! neck by a ?read s z to t\* ! abdom52#bcci ! /ory ( ! reap]s :o f\nd ! dead vip] 9 _! w9e & cur$ in/ead ( kill+ ! suff]] f elephantiasis to :om !y gave ! w9e to dr9k2#bcdj ! tale ( 8 preceptor :o roa/$ riv] crabs to an a% 9 a r$ copp] di% 9 ,augu/ dur+ dog-days on ! eighte5? day ( ! moon1 & adm9i/]$ ! p[d] daily = =ty days to p]sons bitt5 by mad dogs4#bcda ,su* passages are usually repeat$ by ,atius 9 su* a way z to lead ! read] to ?9k !m 8 own exp]i5ces1 a fact :i* w>ns u n to accept ! ass]tions ( anci5t & m$ieval au?ors t !y h exp]i5c$ ?is or t at _! face value1 & :i* makes u wond] if ,fri5d & ,milw>d 7 n too g5]\s 9 reg>d+ ,atius at lea/ z m ?an a compil]4 ,he also repeats "s ( ,gal5's g5]al obs]vations an5t exp]i5ce z t ! virtues ( simples are be/ discov]$ ?us1 & t he w n discuss all plants b only ^? 8( :i* we h in=mation by exp]i5ce40#bcdb ,he fur!r reproduces ,gal5's attitude ( m+l$ cr$ulity & scepticism conc]n+ ! basilisk1 comb9+ ! two passages into "o2#bcdc also ,gal5's que/ion+ ! efficacy ( incantations & tell+ ( hav+ se5 a scorpion kill$ by ! m]e spittle ( a fa/+ man )\t any incantation4#bcdd ,l ,gal5 aga91 he omits all injuri\s m$icam5ts & expresses ! op9ion t m5 :o spread ! k ( su* drugs d m h>m ?an actual poison]s :o p]haps cause b a s+le dea?4#bcde ,l ,gal5 he ann\nces 8 int5tion to omit all 8abom9able & dete/able recipes & ^? :i* are prohibit$ by law10 m5tion+ z in/ances ! eat+ ( human fle% & dr9k+ ur9e or m5ses muliebres4#bcdf ,b also l ,gal51 he devotes sev]al *apt]s to ! virtues ( human & animal excrem5t1 especially recomm5d+ t ( dogs aft] !y h be5 f$ on bones = two days4#bcdg ,some:at simil> to ,gal5's recomm5dation to fill cavities 9 ! tee? ) roa/$ e>?worms is ! recipe ( ,atius = pa9less extraction ( tee? 8)\t iron40 ,! too? mu/ fir/ be ?or\ghly scrap$ or ! gum cut loose ab\t x1 & !n spr9kl$ ) ! a%es ( e>?worms4 8,!re=e use ?is rem$y ) confid5ce1 = x has already (t5 be5 celebrat$ z a my/]y40#bcdh ,su* use ( e>?worms cont9u$ a feature ( m$ieval d5ti/ry4 ,sid5ote3 ,occult sci5ce mix$ ) "s scepticism4 ,( my orig9al selections f ,atius v few are n[ left1 & x is n unlikely t !y too might be f\nd some:]e 9 ,gal5's works if "o look$ long en\gh4 ,atius ass]ts t dr9k+ bitum5 or asphalt 9 wat] w prev5t hydrophobia f develop+1#bcdi & recomm5ds = w\nds inflict$ by sea s]p5ts an application ( lead ) a slice ( ! s]p5t itself4#bcej ,he takes ! foll[+ prescription f ,oribasius4 ,to cure impot5cy ano9t ! big toe ( ! "r foot ) oil 9 :i* ! pulv]iz$ a%es ( a liz>d h be5 mix$4 ,to *eck ! op]ation ( ?is p[]ful /imulant "o has m]ely to wa% (f ! o9tm5t f ! toe4#bcea ,on ! o!r h&1 an in/ance ( a sceptical t5d5cy is ! citation ( ! view ( ,posidonius t ! s-call$ incubus is n a demon b a disease ak9 to epilepsy & insanity & m>k$ by suffocation1 loss ( voice1 heav9ess1 & immobility4#bceb ,x may also be not$ t 9 discuss+ ! m$ic9al virtues ( ! beav]'s te/icles ,atius does n include ! /ory ( its bit+ !m (f 9 ord] to escape its hunt]s4#bcec ,he does1 h[ev]1 cite sev]al au?orities1 ,piso1 ,m5elbus1 ,simonides1 ,ari/odemus1 & ,ph]ecydes = in/ances ( ! rem>kable p[]s ( c]ta9 animals 9 discov]+ ! pres5ce ( poisons & pres]v+ !mselves & _! own]s f ?is dang]3 a p>tridge :o made a great noise & fuss :5ev] any m$icam5t or poison 0 be+ prep>$ 9 ! h\se2 a pet eagle :o w\ld attack anyone 9 ! h\se :o ev5 plott$ su* a ?+2 a peacock :o w\ld g to ! place :]e ! dose _h be5 prep>$ & raise a clamor1 or upset ! receptacle conta9+ ! potion1 or dig up a *>m1 if x _h be5 buri$ und]gr\nd2 & a pet i*neumon & p>rot :o 7 end[$ ) v simil> gifts4#bced ,atius %[s a slight t5d5cy 9 ! direction ( a/rological m$ic9e1 giv+ a li/ ( 8times orda9$ by ,god0 = ! ris+s & sett+s ( v>i\s />s1 s9ce ^! affect ! air & w9ds1 & s9ce 8! bodies ( p]sons 9 good heal?1 & mu* m s ^? ( ! sick1 are alt]$ accord+ to ! /ate ( ! air40#bcee ,b on ! :ole1 ( our ?ree au?ors1 ,atius seems to conta9 ! smalle/ proportional am\nt ( sup]/iti\s m$ic9e & occult sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,alex&] ( ,tralles4 ,alex&] ( ,tralles 0 ! son ( a physician &1 accord+ to ! ,byzant9e hi/orian1 ,aga?ias1#bcef ! y\nge/ ( a gr\p ( five di/+ui%$ bro!rs1 includ+ ,an!mius ( ,tralles1 ar*itect ( ,/4 ,sophia at ,con/ant9ople1 & ,metrodorus ! gramm>ian1 :om ,ju/9ian summon$ also to 8 c\rt4 ,alex&] _h visit$ ,italy1 ,gaul1 & ,spa9 z well z all p>ts ( ,greece#bceg be=e settl+ d[n 9 old age1 :5 he c\ld no long] engage 9 active m$ical practice1#bceh to ! composition ( 8 magnum opus 9 twelve books beg9n+ ) ! head1 eyes1 & e>s1 & end+ ) g\t & fev]4 ,aside f 8 citation ( ,atius 9 ! book on fev]s1 ! late/ writ] nam$ by ,alex&] is ,jacobus ,psy*re/us1 physician to ,leo ! ,great ab\t #dgd4bcei ,x seems r /range t ,alex&] says no?+ ( ! pe/il5ce ( #edb4bcfj ,sid5ote3 ,orig9ality ( 8 "w4 ,alex&] embodi$ ! results ( 8 own practice to a mu* great] ext5t ?an ,oribasius & ,atius4 ,8 book is m a record ( 8 own m$ical obs]vations & exp]i5ces ?an a compilation f pa/ writ+s1 a fact recogniz$ 9 ! fir/ edition :i* entitl$ x ,practica1 & 8?\gh he pays a due def]5ce to ! anci5ts1 yet he is s f> f putt+ an implicit fai? 9 :at !y h advanc$ t he v (t5 diss5ts f _! doctr9es40#bcfa ,pus*mann reg>d$ him z ! fir/ doctor = a long "t :o _h done any orig9al ?9k+1#bcfb & e/eem$ 8 pa?ology z highly z 8 !rapeutics _h be5 e/eem$ by 8 sixte5? c5tury translator1 ,gu9!r ( ,&]na*4#bcfc ,fri5d wrote ( him 9 ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury1 8,8 me?od is extremely rational & j & aft] all our discov]ies & improvem5ts 9 physick sc>ce any?+ c be add$ to x40#bcfd ,alex&] seems to h be5 a practition] ( mu* res\rce & +5uity1 /opp+ hemorrhage ( ! nose by bl[+ d[n or fuzz up ! no/rils ?r\gh a holl[ re$1 & direct+ pati5ts1 a ?\s& ye>s be=e ! discov]y ( ! ,eu/a*ian tube1 to sneeze ) m\? & nose /opp$ up 9 ord] to dislodge a =eign object f ! e>4#bcfe ,accord+ to ,milw>d1 ,alex&] 0 ! fir/ ,greek m$ical writ] to m5tion rhub>b & tape-worms1 & ! fir/ practition] to op5 ! jugul> ve9s4#bcff ,inde$1 ,alex&] advises blood-lett+ a great deal1 b ,milw>d1 ^: age /ill approv$ ( t practice1 notes t he 0 8no ways addict$ to ^? sup]/iti\s rules ( op5+ ?is or t ve9 9 p>ticul> cases :i* sev]al ( ! anci5ts & "s ev5 among ! mod]ns h be5 s v fond (40#bcfg ,f9ally1 ,alex&]'s concise & ord]ly me?od ( pres5tation comp>es favorably ) t ( ! classical m$ical writ]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 m$ieval influ5ce4 ,alex&]'s book travel$ we/1 z its au?or _h done1 & 0 curr5t 9 a free & abbreviat$ ,lat9 translation f an e>ly date4#bcfh ,9 fact1 x 0 f ! ,lat9 v]sion t ! "w 0 translat$ into ,hebrew & ,syriac4#bcfi ,n only are ,lat9 manuscripts ( ,alex&]'s "w z a :ole or ( extracts f x#bcgj f\nd f ! n9? c5tury on1 :ile pr9t$ editions 9 ,lat9 7 num]\s ?r\gh ! sixte5? c5tury1 b x 0 mu* us$ & cit$ by m$ieval writ]s su* z ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 ,g>iopontus1#bcga & ,gilb]t ( ,engl&4#bcgb ,x is n1 h[ev]1 always safe to assume t citations ( ,alex&] m$icus1 enc\nt]$ 9 ?irte5? c5tury writ]s on ! nature ( ?+s l ,?omas ( ,cantimpr & ,b>?olomew ( ,engl&1 h ref]5ce to ,alex&] ( ,tralles1 s9ce a treatise on fev]s is also ascrib$ to ,alex&] ( ,aphrodisias1#bcgc :ile a "w on ! pulse & ur9e 9 fev]s is ?\ght to be by "s m$ieval ,alex&]4#bcgd ,& m$ical treatises are sometimes ascrib$ ev5 to ,alex&] ! ,great ( ,mac$on 9 ! m$ieval manuscripts4#bcge ,sid5ote3 ,8 p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,we h already said t ,alex&] is no m]e compil] b embodies ! results ( 8 own obs]vation & exp]i5ce dur+ a long p]iod ( travel & m$ical practice4 ,he frequ5tly ass]ts t he has te/$ ?is or t = himself1 or t ! prescription 9 "q has be5 8approv$ by long use & exp]i5ce10#bcgf s t x is n surpris+ t we f9d ! "n ,alex&] /ill associat$ ) m$ical 8exp]im5ts0 9 manuscripts dat+ f ! twelf? to fifte5? c5turies4#bcgg ,"o ( 8 cures = epilepsy he le>n$ 8f a ru/ic 9 ,tuscany0 7,?uscia87 b aft]w>ds (t5 employ$ ) success himself4#bcgh 8,x is a m>vel\s & exceptional m$ic9e :i* y w communicate to no "o10 concludes ,alex&]1 a r surpris+ prohibition 9 view ( ! fact t x 0 a popul> rem$y to beg9 )4 ,folk-lore1 h[ev]1 is (t5 suppos$ to be kept secret4 ,ano!r g5]al rule :i* holds true 9 ,alex&]'s case is t ^! empirical rem$ies are apt to be ! mo/ sup]/iti\s1 & conv]sely t m>vels are apt to be support$ by solemn assurance ( _! exp]im5tal te/+4 ,sid5ote3 ,ext5t ( 8 sup]/ition4 ,two c5turies ago ,milw>d wrote ( ,alex&] ( ,tralles1 8,b !re is ano!r objection to our au?or's "* :i* ,i _c pret5d to say mu* 9 def5ce (1 & t is1 8 be+ addict$ to *>ms & amulets4 ,x is v surpris+ t "o :o discov]s s mu* judgm5t 9 o!r matt]s %\ld %[ s mu* weakness 9 ?is40#bcgi ,alex&] c]ta9ly devotes m space to sup]/ition relatively to ! l5g? ( 8 book ?an ,atius does & also is hospitable to a wid] range ( m or less magical notions & practices4 ,"o notices1 h[ev]1 9 8 book t ! treatm5t ( c]ta9 diseases1 su* z epilepsy1 colic1 g\t1 & qu>tan fev]1 is m likely to involve magical & a/rological proc$ure ?an t ( o!r ailm5ts su* z e>a*e & disord] ( ! sple54 ,?is is also apt to be ! case ) o!r anci5t & m$ieval m$ical works4 ,b x is d\btful if ! di/9ction c be %>ply drawn t magic 0 resort$ to m 9 ^? diseases :i* seem$ mo/ my/]i\s & incurable4 ,sid5ote3 ,physica4 ,! *ief circum/ance :i* r5d]s "s p>ts ( ,alex&]'s "w m sup]/iti\s ?an o!rs is t he sometimes1 aft] conclud+ ! usual m$ical description ( ! disease & prescriptions = x1 adds a li/ ( :at he calls physical or natural m$ic9es 771 :i* are = ! mo/ "p ligatures & susp5sions b involve also ! employm5t ( incantations & engrav$ images or *>act]s4 ,app>5tly he calls ^! rem$ies physica1 because !y suppos$ly act by "s peculi> prop]ty or occult virtue ( ! sub/ance :i* is b\nd on or susp5d$ & con/itute a sort ( natural magic4 ,alex&] expla9s t 8s9ce "s _c obs]ve a diet nor endure m$ic9e1 !y compel u 9 ! case ( g\t to employ physical rem$ies & ligatures2 & 9 ord] t ! well-tra9$ physician may be in/ruct$ 9 e side ( 8 art & able to help all sick p]sons 9 e way1 ,i come to ?is subject40#bchj ,?is r apologetic tone & ! fact t he sep>ates ! physica f 8 o!r rem$ies %[ t he reg>ds !m z n q on ! same level ) normal m$ical proc$ure4 ,he goes on to say1 h[ev]1 t al?\gh !re are _m ( ^! 8physical0 rem$ies :i* are efficaci\s1 he w write d[n only ^? prov$ true by long use4 ,9 discuss+ fev]s he aga9 ju/ifies ! inclusion ( physica 9 mu* ! same way & says t ^? n[ m5tion$ 7 le>n$ by him dur+ a long-ext5d$ practice & exp]i5ce4#bcha ,x is to be not$ t "s ( ^! *apt]s on physical ligatures d n appe> 9 ! ,lat9 v]sion 9 ?ree books1 at lea/ z x 0 pr9t$ 9 #aejd4 ,sid5ote3 ,occult virtue ( sub/ances appli$ ext]nally4 ,"o ligature :i* is 8q celebrat$ & approv$ by _m0 & :i* in/antly less5s ! pa9 ( ulc]s 9 ! feet1 makes use ( muscles f a wild ass1 a wild bo>1 & a /ork1 b9d+ ! "r muscles ab\t ! pati5t's "r foot & ! left muscles ab\t ! left foot4 ,"s p]sons1 h[ev]1 d n int]tw9e ! muscles ( ! /ork ) ! o!rs b put !m sep>ately into ! sk9 ( a sea-calf4 ,also !y take c>e to b9d ! o!r muscles ab\t ! pati5t's feet :5 ! moon is 9 ! we/ or 9 a /]ile sign & approa*+ ,saturn4 ,o!rs b9d on ! t5dons & claws ( a vulture1 or ! feet ( a h>e :o %\ld rema9 alive4#bchb ,alex&] seems to reg>d ! c>cass ( ! ass z especially rem$ial 9 ! case ( epilepsy4 ,9 ,spa9 he le>n$ to use ! skull ( an ass r$uc$ to a%es & he recomm5ds employ+ ! =ehead & bra9 ( an ass z amulets4#bchc ,a susp5sion = qu>tan fev] consi/s ( a live beetle firmly fa/5$ on ! outside ( a r$ l95 clo? & hung ab\t ! neck4 8,?is is true & (t5 te/$ by exp]i5ce10 ,alex&] assures u4 ,also excell5t = ?is purpose are hairs f a goat's *eek or a gre5 liz>d comb9$ ) clipp+s ( ! pati5t's f+] nails & toe nails4 ,x is confirm$ by ! te/imony ( all 8natural0 physicians t ! blood qui primus a virg9e fu]it excretus is naturally ho/ile to qu>tan fev]4 ,ev5 if ! girl is n *a/e1 ! blood w be efficaci\s1 if appli$ to ! pati5t's "r h& or arm4#bchd ,alex&] knew a man :o treat$ qu>tan fev] by giv+ an und]g>m5t ( ! pati5t to a woman 9 *ildbir? to we>1 aft] :i* ! pati5t wore x aga9 & 0 cur$ 8miracul\sly by "s antipa?y & occult influ5ce40#bche ,sid5ote3 ,o!r ?+s us$ z ligatures & 9 amulets4 ,! mat]ials employ$ 9 ,alex&]'s !rapeutics are sometimes ^? :i* we associate especially ) magic arts1 su* z ! hair & nail-p>+s already m5tion$4 ,aga9/ epilepsy he employs nails f a cross or wreck$ %ip1 or ! blood-/a9$ %irt ( a gladiator or crim9al :o has be5 sla94 ,! nails are b\nd to ! pati5t's arm2 ! %irt is burn$ & ! pati5t giv5 ! a%es 9 w9e sev5 times4 ,! use ( a nail f a cross is a me?od ascrib$ to ,asclepiades4 ,o!r mat]ials recomm5d$ by ,alex&] aga9/ g\t & epilepsy include ! h]b night-%ade1 ! /ones magnet & aetites1 blood ( a swall[ & ur9e ( a boy1 *ameleons 9 v>i$ =ms1 & ! /ones f\nd 9 dissect$ swall[s ( :i* we h he>d be=e & %all he> yet aga94 ,= ,alex&] ^! /ones are black & :ite1 b he /ates t !y are n f\nd 9 all "y swall[s b are said to appe> only 9 ! fir/-born1 s t "o (t5 has to dissect a great _m birds be=e "o f9ds any4 ,9 ^! passages on ,physica ,alex&] cites su* au?ors ( magical reputation z ,o/anes & ,democritus1 & tells h[ ! latt] suff]$ 9 y\? f epilepsy until an oracle f ,delphi in/ruct$ him to make use ( ! worms 9 goats' bra9s4 ,:5 a goat sneezes viol5tly1 "s ( ^! worms are expell$ into 8 no/rils1 :5ce !y %\ld be c>efully extract$ 9 a clo? )\t all[+ !m to t\* ! gr\nd4 ,ei!r "o or ?ree ( !m %\ld !n be worn ab\t ! epileptic's neck wrapp$ 9 ! ?9 sk9 ( a black %eep4#bchf ,sid5ote3 ,a/rology & sculpture ( r+s4 ,"o passage has already be5 cit$ :]e a/rological conditions 7 obs]v$4 ,alex&] sometimes prescribes ! day ( ! mon? ^u :i* ?+s %all be done2 an oil1 = in/ance1 is to be prep>$ on ! fif? ( ,m>*4#bchg ,9 "o place ,alex&] advises engrav+ ^u a copp] die a lion1 a half-moon1 a />1 & ! "n ( ! bea/4 ,?is is to be worn enclos$ 9 a gold r+ ^u ! f\r? f+]4#bchh ,t ! lion may n /& = a sign ( ! zodiac is sugge/$ by ano!r in/ruction conc]n+ an engrav$ /one to be set 9 a gold r+1 & :i* is to be c>v$ ) a figure ( ,h]cules suffocat+ a lion4#bchi ,= g\t1 h[ev]1 "o writes a v]se ( ,hom] on a copp] plate :5 ! moon is 9 ,libra or ,leo4#bcij ,= colic "o inscribes ^u an iron r+ ) an octangul> circumf]5ce a *>m beg9n+1 8,flee1 flee1 colic40#bcia ,sid5ote3 ,incantations4 ,! employm5t ( su* incantations is expressly ju/ifi$ by ,alex&]1 :o ma9ta9s t ev5 8! mo/ div9e0 ,gal51 :o once ?\ght t incantations 7 ( no avail1 came aft] a long "t & mu* exp]i5ce to be conv9c$ t !y 7 ( great efficacy4 ,alex&] !n quotes f a treatise :i* is n extant b :i* he ass]ts is a "w by ,gal5 entitl$1 ,on m$ical treatm5t 9 ,hom]4#bcib 8,s "s ?9k t incantations are l old-wives' tales & s ,i ?\ght = a long :ile1 b 9 process ( "t f p]fectly pla9 in/ances ,i h become p]suad$ t !re is =ce 9 !m1 = ,i h exp]i5c$ _! aid 9 ! case ( p]sons /ung by scorpions4 ,& no less 9 ! case ( bones /uck 9 ! ?roat1 :i* 7 /raightway expell$ by an incantation40 ,alex&] himself !reupon cont9ues1 8,if su* is ! te/imony ( div9e/ ,gal5 & _m o!r anci5ts1 :at prev5ts u too f communicat+ to y ^? :i* we h le>n$ f exp]i5ce & :i* we h receiv$ f tru/wor?y fri5ds80 ,sid5ote3 ,conjuration ( an h]b4 ,bo? incantations & obs]vance ( a/rological conditions play an important "p 9 ! in/ructions giv5 by ,alex&] = digg+ & pluck+ ) imprecations an h]b to be us$ 9 ! treatm5t ( fluxions ( h&s or feet4 8,:5 ! moon is 9 ,aqu>ius "u ,pisces1 dig be=e sunset1 n t\*+ ! root4 ,aft] digg+ ) two f+]s ( ! left h&1 namely1 ! ?umb & middle f+]1 say1 #8,i address y1 ,i address y1 sacr$ h]b4 ,i summon y to-morr[ to ! h\se ( ,philia to /ay ! fluxion ( feet & h&s ( ?is man or ?is woman4 ,b ,i adjure y by ! great "n1 ,iao?1 ,sabao?1 ,god :o e/abli%$ ! e>? & fix$ ! sea ab\nd+ 9 fluid floods1 :o desiccat$ ,lot's wife & made h] a /atue ( salt1 receive ! _s ( ?y "m e>? & its p[]s1 & dry up ?is fluxion ( feet or ( h&s ( ?is man or woman4' ,on ! morr[ ere sunrise1 tak+ ! bone ( "s dead animal1 dig up ! root1 & hold+ x say1 #8,i adjure y by ! sacr$ names1 ,iao?1 ,sabao?1 ,adonai1 ,eloi1' & spr9kle a p9* ( salt on t root1 say+1 #8,z ?is salt is n increas$1 s be n ! ailm5t ( ?is man or ( ?is woman4' ,!n b9d "o end ( ! root to ! pati5t1 tak+ c>e t x is n moi/1 & susp5d ! re/ ( x ov] ! fire = #cfj days40#bcic ,! m5tion ( "m e>? 9 ?is *>m p]haps indicates an ultimate pagan orig91 b ! allusions to "o ,god1 & to incid5ts 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ! use ( names ( spirits %[ ,jewi% or ,*ri/ian influ5ce1 :ile ! numb] #cfj p]haps po9ts to ! ,gno/ics4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$ieval v]sion seems less sup]/iti\s ?an ! orig9al text4 ,:ile 9 con=mity ) ! "* ( our inve/igation we h emphasiz$ ^? passages 9 ,alex&] :i* are sugge/ive ( magic & its me?ods1 x %\ld be said t _m ( ! passages :i* we h cit$ are app>5tly#bcid n f\nd 9 ! m$ieval ,lat9 v]sions :i* seem to omit _m1 al?\gh n all1 ( ! *apt]s devot$ to physical ligatures4 ,"h !n app>5tly is a case :]e ! e>ly m$ieval translator & adapt]1 in/ead ( reta9+ & emphasiz+ ! sup]/ition ( ! pa/1 has l>gely purg$ 8 text ( x4 ,b we h next to consid] a ,lat9 "w1 writt5 app>5tly ab\t ! ye> #djj ,a4 ,d4 & kn[n to u ?r\gh two manuscripts ( ! n9? c5tury1 9 :i* magic is f> m rampant ?an 9 any v]sion ( ,alex&] ( ,tralles4 ,judg+1 h[ev]1 f ! small numb] ( extant manuscripts1 x 0 less influ5tial ?r\gh ! m$ieval p]iod ?an 0 ,alex&]'s book4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>cellus3 date & id5tity4 ,! ,de m$icam5tis op5s 9 "o ( ! two extant manuscripts ) a d$icatory lett] f 8,m>cellus1 an illu/ri\s man ( ! ma9 (fice ( ,!odosius ! ,eld] 7870 to 8 sons4#bcie ,?is ascription is g5]ally accept$ z g5u9e1 & ,grimm believ$ ?is to be ! same ,m>cellus z ! physician :o is gratefully m5tion$1 toge!r ) 8 sons1 !n m]e infants1 9 ! lett]s ( ,libanius1 ^: sev]e heada*es ,m>cellus _h alleviat$1 & z ! ,m>cellus magi/] (ficiorum :o is m5tion$ twice 9 ! ,!odosian ,code "u ! ye> #cie4 ,! date ( ! ,de m$icam5tis may be fur!r fix$ f its includ+ 8a s+ul> rem$y = sple5 :i* ! patri>* ,gamaliel rec5tly reveal$ f prov$ exp]im5ts40 ,?is ,gamaliel 0 ,jewi% patri>* at ,con/ant9ople f "s "t be=e #cie on to #dae or lat]4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 ( ,m>cellus' au?or%ip is complicat$ by ! fact t he is twice cit$ 9 ! "w itself4 ,"o ( ^! passages conc]ns an 8oxyporium :i* ,n]o us$ = ! dige/ion1 :i* ,m>cellus ! em95t physician reveal$1 :i* we too h te/$ 9 practice40#bcif ,?is s\nds z if "s lat] p]son _h _h a h& 9 ! "w z x has rea*$ u1 s9ce ,m>cellus himself w\ld sc>cely h cit$ ano!r p]son ( ! same "n )\t "s di/+ui%+ epi!t4 ,fur!rmore ,atius cites a ,m>cellus = a passage :i* does n appe> 9 ! ,de m$icam5tis conc]n+ wolfi% or can9e insanity1 9 :i* m5 imag9e !mselves to be wolves or dogs & act l !m dur+ ! night 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y4 ,b ! ,de m$icam5tis z a :ole is ( ! "* promis$ by ,m>cellus 9 ! introductory lett] to 8 sons & s may be tak5 z 8 "w4 ,sid5ote3 8,m>cellus ,empiricus40 ,! empiricism :i* we h already not$ 9 ,alex&] ( ,tralles becomes mo/ pron\nc$ & mo/ extreme 9 ,m>cellus1 :o inde$ is (t5 call$ ,m>cellus ,empiricus on ?is acc\nt1 & _m ( ^: *apt] & o!r head+s#bcig t]m9ate ) ^! words descriptive ( _! cont5ts1 8v>i\s rational & natural rem$ies le>n$ by exp]i5ce0 7rem$ia rationabilia et physica div]sa de exp]im5tis74 ,9 8 preface1 too1 he speaks ( 8 book n z ,de m$icam5tis b z ,de empiricis4 ,he has1 x is true1 utiliz$ 8! old au?orities ( ! m$ical art set d[n 9 ! ,lat9 language10 & likewise m rec5t writ]s & 8! works ( /udi\s m50 :o 7 n especially tra9$ 9 m$ic9e2 b he also includes :at he has le>n$ f he>say or f p]sonal exp]i5ce1 & 8ev5 rem$ies *anc$ ^u by ru/ics & ! populace & simples :i* !y h te/$ by exp]i5ce40 ,"o prescription1 :i* he *>act]izes z efficaci\s beyond human hope & incapable ( be+ satisfactorily laud$1 he pur*as$ f an old-wife ( ,africa :o cur$ _m at ,rome by x1 :ile ! au?or himself has employ$ x 9 ! cure ( 8sev]al p]sons nei!r ( humble rank nor unkn[n1 ^: names x is sup]flu\s to m5tion40 ,?is rem$y is a concoction ( su* ?+s z a%es ( de]-horn1 n9e gra9s ( :ite pepp]1 a little myrrh1 & an ,african snail p\nd$ %ell & all :ile /ill alive 9 a mort> & !n mix$ ) ,fal]nian w9e4 ,v detail$ & explicit directions are giv5 z to its prep>ation & adm9i/ration1 includ+ an in/ruction to dr9k ! dose fac+ t[>ds ! ea/4#bcih ,9 ano!r passage ,m>cellus says ( c]ta9 comp\nds1 8,if !re is any fai?1 bo? ,i myself h always f\nd !m by exp]i5ce to be useful rem$ies & ,i c /ate t o!rs are ( ! same m9d2 & ,i w add ?is1 t o!r m$ic9es c n comp>e to ?is l9im5t1 :i* 9 simil> cases sev]al ( my fri5ds1 :om ,i tru/ z ,i d myself1 h affirm$ on oa? !y h f\nd by exp]i5ce a rem>kable cure40#bcii ,( an eye-rem$y he rem>ks1 8,& t we may believe ! au?or ( ?is rem$y f exp]i5ce1 he /ates t aft] he _h be5 bl9d = twelve ye>s x re/or$ 8 sight )9 tw5ty days40#bdjj ,m>cellus also frequ5tly c\ples m>vel\sness ) exp]im5tation1 say+1 8,y w exp]i5ce a wond]ful rem$y40 ,9 "o passage he uses ! ^w 8exp]im5t0 z a v]b r ?an z a n\n1 co9+ a new expression1 exp]im5tatum rem$ium1#bdja b 8 commone/ expressions are de exp]im5to or de exp]im5tis1 exp]tum1 & exp]i]is or exp]ietur4#bdjb ,"s ( 8 8exp]i5ces0 really are purposive exp]im5ts1 z :]e "o discov]s :e!r a tumor is scr(ul\s by apply+ an e>?worm to x4 ,!n put ! worm on a leaf & if ! tumor 0 scr(ul\s1 ! worm w turn into e>?4#bdjc ,! foll[+ exp]im5t indicates t suff]]s f sple5 %\ld dr9k 9 v9eg> ! root or dri$ leaves ( ! tam>isk4 ,give tam>isk to a pig to eat = n9e days1 !n kill ! animal & y w f9d x )\t a sple54#bdjd ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s "* ( 8 m$ic9e4 ,z ,m>cellus appeals ! mo/ to exp]i5ce1 s he is by f> ! mo/ giv5 to sup]/ition & folk-lore ( our ?ree au?ors4 ,practically 8 entire "w is ( ! "* ( ! passages devot$ to ,physica by ,alex&] ( ,tralles4 ,he indulges 9 no m$ical !ory1 he does n diagnose diseases1 nor prescribe a regim5 ( heal? 9 ! =m ( ba?+1 diet1 & ex]cise4 ,8 "w is :olly compos$ ( m$icam5ts & = ! mo/ "p empirical ones4 ,besides ! elaborate comp\nds :i* 7 s frequ5t 9 ,atius & ,alex&]1 he is extremely addict$ to absurd rigm>ole & all sorts ( sup]/iti\s practices 9 ! application or adm9i/ration ( m$ic9al simples4 ,8 ph>macy includes n only h]bs & gems1 to :i* he attributes occult virtue & :i* he sometimes directs to h engrav5 ) *>act]s & figures1 su* z ,,sss or a dragon surr\nd$ ) sev5 rays#bdje--! emblem ( ! ,aga?odaemon1 b also all k9ds ( animals1 reptiles1 & p>ts ( ! same1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ,pl9y's m$ic9e4 ,he is con/antly call+ into requisition su* ?+s z ! a%es ( a mole1 ! blood ( a bat1 ! bra9s ( a m\se1 ! gall ( a hy5a1 ! ho(s ( a live ass1 ! liv] ( a wolf1 woman's milk1 sea-h>es1 a :ite spid] ) v long legs1 & c5tip$es or multip$es1 especially ! v>iety t rolls up into a ball :5 t\*$4 ,b x is sc>cely feasible to sep>ate ,m>cellus' mat]ials f 8 proc$ure1 s we w beg9 to consid] !m toge!r 9 "s prescriptions :]e animals play ! lead+ "p4 ,sid5ote3 ,prep>ation ( goat's blood4 ,= ^? suff]+ f /one is recomm5d$ a rem$y prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ fa%ion4 ,9 ,augu/ %ut up 9 a dry place = ?ree days a goat1 pref]ably a wild "o :o is "o ye> old1 & fe$ him on no?+ b laurel & give him no wat] to dr9k2 f9ally on ! ?ird day1 :i* %\ld fall on a ,?ursday or ,sunday1 kill him4 ,bo? ! p]son :o kills ! goat & ! pati5t %\ld be *a/e & pure4 ,cut ! goat's ?roat & collect 8 blood--x is be/ if ! blood is collect$ by nak$ boys--& burn x to an a% 9 an e>!n pot4 ,aft] comb9+ x ) v>i\s h]bs & drugs1 !re are fur!r directions to foll[ z to h[ x may be/ be adm9i/]$ to ! pati5t4 ,m>cellus1 by ! way1 affirms t adamant c be brok5 only by goat's blood4#bdjf ,sid5ote3 ,a rabbit's foot4 ,! foll[+ prescription involves ! famili> sup]/ition t a rabbit's foot is lucky3 8,cut (f ! foot ( a live rabbit & take hairs f "u its belly & let x g4 ,( ^? hairs or wool make a /rong ?read & ) x b9d ! rabbit's foot to ! body ( ! pati5t & y w f9d a m>vel\s rem$y4 ,b ! rem$y w be ev5 m efficaci\s1 s t x is h>dly cr$ible1 if by *ance y f9d t bone1 namely1 ! rabbit's ankle-bone1 9 ! dung ( a wolf1 :i* y %\ld gu>d s t x nei!r t\*es ! e>? nor is t\*$ by woman4 ,nor %\ld any woman t\* t ?read made ( ! rabbit's wool40 ,m>cellus fur!r recomm5ds t 9 releas+ ! rabbit aft] tak+ its wool y %\ld say1 8,flee1 flee1 little rabbit1 & take ! pa9 away ) y40#bdjg ,sid5ote3 ,magic transf] ( disease4 ,( su* magical transf] ( disease to o!r animals or objects !re are a numb] ( examples4 ,too?a*e may be /opp$ by /&+ on ! gr\nd "u ! op5 sky & spitt+ 9 a frog's m\? & ask+ x to take ! too?a*e away ) x & !n releas+ x4#bdjh ,ev5 consumptives :o seem c]ta9 to die & :o labor cont9ually ) an unbe>able c\gh1 may be cur$ by giv+ !m to dr9k = ?ree days ! saliva or foam ( a horse4 8,y w inde$ cure ! pati5t )\t delay1 b ! horse w die sudd5ly40#bdji ,spl5etic p]sons are b5efit$ by impos+ any "o ( ?ree k9ds ( fi% ^u ! sple5 & !n replac+ ! fi% alive 9 ! sea4#bdaj ,w>ts may be got rid ( by rubb+ !m ) some?+ ! mom5t y see a /> fall+ 9 ! sky2 b if y rub !m ) y\r b>e h&1 y w simply transf] !m to x4#bdaa ,ano!r sup]/ition connect$ ) fall+ />s :i* ,m>cellus records is t "o w be free f sore eyes = z _m ye>s z he c c\nt numb]s :ile a /> is fall+4#bdab ,! fir/ "t y he> or see a swall[1 ha/5 sil5tly to a spr+ or well & ano9t y\r eyes ) ! wat] & pray ,god t y may n h sore eyes t ye>1 & ! swall[s w be> away all pa9 f y\r eyes4#bdac ,) slight v>iations ! same proc$ure may be employ$ to prev5t too?a*e4 ,9 ?is case y fill y\r m\? ) wat]1 rub y\r tee? ) ! middle f+]s ( bo? h&s1 & say1 8,swall[1 ,i say to y1 z ?is w n aga9 be 9 my beak1 s may my tee? n a*e all ye> long40#bdad ,m>cellus advises anyone ^: nose is /uff$ up to bl[ x on a piece ( p>*m5t1 &1 fold+ ?is up l a lett]1 ca/ x into ! public way1#bdae--:i* w\ld v likely spread ! g]ms1 if n take away ! cold4 ,sid5ote3 ,pl9y & ,m>cellus comp>$ on gre5 liz>ds z eye cures4 ,9 8 preface ,m>cellus ref]s to ,pl9y z "o ( 8 au?orities & _m ( 8 qua9t animal rem$ies w be f\nd sub/antially duplicat$ 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,bo?1 = example1 /ate t "o c /op "o's nose f runn+ by kiss+ a mule4#bdaf ,m>cellus1 h[ev]1 adds mu* f o!r s\rces or ( 8 own4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by comp>+ _! acc\nts ( ! use ( liz>ds to cure eye diseases4#bdag ,m>cellus omits ! foll[+ portion ( ,pl9y's acc\nt3 8,"s %ut up a gre5 liz>d 9 a new e>!n pot1 & !y m>k ! little /ones call$ c9a$ia1 :i* are b\nd on = tumors ( ! gro91 ) n9e signs & take out "o daily4 ,on ! n9? day !y let ! liz>d g1 & keep ! pebbles = pa9s ( ! eyes40 ,pl9y next proce$s3 8,o!rs put e>? "u a gre5 liz>d t has be5 bl9d$ & %ut x up 9 a glass vase ) r+s ( solid iron or gold4 ,:5 ?r\gh ! glass ! liz>d is se5 to h recov]$ its sight1 x is releas$ & ! r+s are us$ = sore eyes40 ,?is recipe is 9 ,m>cellus :o1 h[ev]1 words x diff]5tly & adds t ! liz>d mu/ be bl9d$ ) a copp] ne$le1 t ! r+s may be ( silv]1 electrum1 or copp]1 t ! vase mu/ be c>efully seal$ & op5$ on ! fif? or sev5? day foll[+1 & t "o %\ld n only we> ! r+s aft]w>ds on "o's f+]s b also frequ5tly apply !m to "o's eyes & /r5g!n ! sight by look+ ?r\gh !m4 ,he fur!r cautions to leave ! vase 9 a clean grassy spot1 to collect ! r+s only aft] ! liz>d has dep>t$1 to cat* ! liz>d 9 ! fir/ place on a ,?ursday 9 ,septemb] betwe5 ! n9ete5? & tw5ty-fif? day ( ! moon1 & to h ! op]ation p]=m$ by a v pure & *a/e man4 ,m>cellus also /ates t an amulet made ei!r ( ! eyes ( ! said liz>d enclos$ 9 a lead bull or gold co91 or ( its blood caught on clean wool & wrapp$ 9 purple clo? w effectually prev5t eye diseases4 ,mean:ile ,pl9y = 8 "p has gone on to tell h[ efficaci\s ! a%es ( gre5 liz>ds are4 ,sid5ote3 ,m liz>dry4 ,m>cellus employs gre5 liz>ds 9 o!r connections :i* are n p>allel$ 9 ,pl9y4 ,to /ay colic "o b9ds ab\t ! pati5t ?ree times ) an incantation a /r+ ) :i* a copp] ne$le has be5 ?read$ & drawn ?r\gh a liz>d's eyes1 aft] :i* ! reptile is releas$ at ! same po9t :]e x 0 captur$4#bdah ,9 ano!r passage ,m>cellus recomm5ds ! draw+ by a silv] ne$le ( ?reads ( n9e diff]5t colors o!r ?an black or :ite ?r\gh ! eyes ( a new-born puppy be=e !y op5 & ita ut p] anum eius exeant1 aft] :i* ! puppy is to be ?r[n into ! riv]4#bdai ,b to return to our liz>ds4 ,= ^? suff]+ f liv] compla9t ! liv] ( a liz>d is to be extract$ ) ! po9t ( a re$ & b\nd 9 purple or black clo? to ! pati5t's "r side or susp5d$ f 8 arm1 :ile ! liz>d is to be dismiss$ alive ) ^! words1 8,lo1 ,i s5d y away alive2 see to x t no "o :om ,i t\* h5ce=? has liv] compla9t40#bdbj ,to insure a wife's fidelity "o t\*es h] ) ! tip ( a liz>d's tail :i* has be5 cut (f by ! left h&4#bdba ,"h aga9 ! liz>d is releas$ b app>5tly is n expect$ to survive = long1 s9ce "o is in/ruct$ to 8hold ! tail %ut 9 ! palm ( ! same h& until x dies40 ,9 a f\r? example ! liz>d is nei!r mutilat$ nor releas$ b hung 9 ! doorway ( a spl5etic's b$room :]e x w t\* 8 head & left h& z he comes & goes4#bdbb ,sid5ote3 ,use ( /ones & an h]b4 ,"o or two o!r prescriptions may be add$ :]e ! proc$ure is connect$ ) h]bs or /ones r ?an ) animals4 ,on ent]+ a city "o is advis$ to pick up "s ( ! pebbles ly+ 9 ! road be=e ! city gate1 /at+ t !y are be+ collect$ = heada*e4 ,!n b9d "o ( !m on ! head & ?r[ ! o!rs beh9d y\r back )\t look+ ar\nd4#bdbc ,a c]ta9 h]b mu/ be ga!r$ on ,?ursday 9 a wan+ moon4 ,:5 x is adm9i/]$ 9 dr9k1 ! recipi5t mu/ take x /&+ & fac+ ! ea/4 ,he receives ! cup f ! "r h& & !n1 9 ord] n to look back1 returns x to ! left to him :o gave x4 ,only ^! two p]sons %\ld t\* ! dr9k4#bdbd ,sid5ote3 ,"r & left numb]4 ,"r & left1 z j illu/rat$1 are mu* obs]v$ 9 ,m>cellus' m$ic9e4 ,:5 a too? a*es on ! left side ( ! m\?1 a hot cook$ dri$ bean is appli$ to ! "r elb[ = ?ree days1 a process :i* is rev]s$ if ! too? is on ! "r side4#bdbe ,! foll[+ ex]cise recomm5d$ = a /iff neck w\ld seem to /& m *ance ( success ?an mo/ ( ,m>cellus' prescriptions4 ,:ile fa/+ ! pati5t %\ld spit on 8 "r h& & rub 8 "r ?igh1 & !n d ! same ) 8 left h& & ?igh4 ,?rice repeat$ ?is is w>rant$ to "w an imm$iate cure4#bdbf ,a r+ worn on ! middle f+] ( ! left h& is said to /op hicc\gh4#bdbg ,! p[] ( ! planets or ( m]e numb] is indicat$ 9 ! advice1 giv5 sev]al times1 to make sev5 knots 9 a /r+4#bdbh ,once in/ructions are giv5 to make z _m knots z !re are lett]s 9 ! pati5t's "n4#bdbi ,sid5ote3 ,incantations & *>act]s4 ,incantations & *>act]s1 z has already be5 incid5tally illu/rat$1 ab\nd 9 ,m>cellus' pages4 ,"s are 9 ,greek1 "s 9 ,lat91 "s p]haps 9 ,celtic2 _m1 z we h se51 are coh]5t /atem5ts1 comm&s1 or reque/s2 _m o!rs are to all appe>ance a j>gon ( mean+less words1 l ! j+le1 ,argidam1 m>gidam1 /urgidam1#bdcj :i* is to be repeat$ sev5 times on ,tuesday & ,?ursday 9 a wan+ moon to cure too?a*e4 ,m>cellus well calls "o ( ^! c>m5 idioticum4#bdca ,= /oma* & inte/9al tr\bles he recomm5ds press+ ! abdom5 ) ! left ?umb & say+1 8,adam1 b$am1 alam1 betur1 alem1 botum40 ,?is is to be repeat$ n9e times1 !n "o t\*es ! e>? ) ! same ?umb & spits1 !n says ! *>m n9e m times1 & aga9 = a ?ird s]ies ( n9e1 t\*+ ! gr\nd & spitt+ n9e times also4 ,alab&a1 alab&i1 alambo is ano!r incantation1 v>i\sly repeat$ ?rice ) h&s clasp$ above & bel[ ! abdom54 ,yet ano!r consi/s 9 rubb+ ! abdom5 ) ! left ?umb & two little f+]s & say+1 8,a tree /ood 9 ! middle ( ! sea & !re hung an urn full ( human inte/9es2 ?ree virg9s w5t ar\nd x1 two make x fa/1 "o revolves x40 ,z y repeat ?is ?rice1 y t\* ! gr\nd ?rice & spit1 b if ! *>m is = vet]9>y purposes1 = ! words 8human inte/9es0 %\ld be sub/itut$ 8! inte/9es ( mules0 or horses or asses z ! case may be4#bdcb ,! foll[+ is a specim5 ( ! *>act]s prescrib$ by ,m>cellus3#bdcc ,sid5ote3 ,! art ( m$ic9e survives ! b>b>ian invasions4 ,x is p]haps wor? :ile to po9t out 9 conclud+ ?is *apt] t app>5tly at no "t dur+ ! p]iod ( b>b>ian invasions & e>ly m$ieval c5turies did m$ical practice or lit]ature cease entirely 9 ! we/4 ,we h se5 t !re is reason to suspect t portions ( ! "w ascrib$ to ,m>cellus may be contributions ( ! c5turies foll[+ him1 & t !re 7 e>ly m$ieval ,lat9 translations ( ! works ( ,oribasius & ,alex&] ( ,tralles4 ,fur!rmore1 ! laws ( ! ,g]man k+doms1 ! allusions ( contempor>y *ronicl]s & m5 ( lett]s1 ! advice ( ,gregory ! ,great to a sick ar*bi%op to seek m$ical assi/ance1 & _m o!r bits ( evid5ce#bdcd %[ t physicians 7 fairly num]\s & 9 good repute1 & t m$ieval ,*ri/ians at no "t dep5d$ entirely ^u ! heal+ virtues ( relics ( ! sa9ts or o!r miracul\s p[]s cr$it$ to ! *ur* or div9e answ] to pray]4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,pseudo-,,lit]ature ,,9 ,,natural ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,! ,,e>ly ,,middle ,,ages ,g5]al "*--,m$ic9e ( ,pl9y--,h]b>ium ( ,apuleius--,specim5s ( its occult sci5ce--,a 8,precantation ( all h]bs0--,o!r treatises accompany+ ! ,h]b>ium--,cosmography ( ,ae?icus--,its m$ieval influ5ce--,"* ( ! "w--,its attitude to m>vels--,! ,geoponica--,magic & a/rology !re9--,dioscorides--,textual hi/ory ( ! ,de mat]ia m$ica--,alt]ations made 9 ! ,greek text--,dioscorides little kn[n to ,lat9s be=e ! middle ages--,p>tial v]sions 9 ,lat9--,de h]bis fem99is--,! full] ,lat9 v]sions--,pet] ( ,abano's acc\nt ( ! m$ieval v]sions--,pseudo-,dioscorides on /ones--,conclusions f ! textual hi/ory ( ,dioscorides--,mac] on h]bs2 its great curr5cy--,problem ( date & au?or--,virtues ascrib$ to h]bs--,exp]im5ts ( ,mac]4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al "*4 ,a class ( writ+s :i* seems to h be5 v *>act]i/ic ( ! wan+ culture ( ! decl9+ ,roman ,empire & ! scanty erudition ( ! e>ly m$ieval p]iod 7 ! brief epitomes (1 or disord]ly collections ( fragm5ts f1 ! writ]s ( ! classical p]iod4 ,su* works (t5 pass$ "u ! "n ( "s fam\s au?or ( ! previ\s p]iod & sometimes are m or less bas$ ^u 8 writ+s4 ,mo/ ( ! works 9 ! field ( natural sci5ce are ( su* d]ivative or pseudo-au?or%ip3 ! ,m$ic9e ( ! ,pseudo-,pl9y1 ! ,h]b>ium ( ! ,pseudo-,apuleius1 ! geographical "w ascrib$ to ,ae?icus1 ! ,geoponica1 ! treatises on h]bs attribut$ to ,mac] & ,dioscorides4 ,inde$1 ! :ole textual hi/ory ( ! latt]'s ,de mat]ia m$ica is s full ( vicissitudes & unc]ta9ties t ,i h po/pon$ its treatm5t until ?is *apt]4 ,! names ( ! actual compil]s or abbreviators ( ^! works are usually unkn[n & x is also usually impossible to date !m ) any approa* to accuracy4 ,r\ghly speak+ ( !m z a :ole1 !y may be said to h gradually tak5 on _! pres5t =m at almo/ any "t betwe5 ! ?ird & t5? c5turies4 ,9 ! case ( ^! works ( natural sci5ce at lea/1 x is n q fair to class !m all z brief epitomes or disord]ly collections4 ,9 "s we see an obvi\s attempt to re>range ! old mat]ials 9 a =m m conv5i5t = pres5t use4 ,9 o!rs to ! /age ( abbreviation f anci5t au?ors has succe$$ ano!r /age ( lat] additions f o!r s\rces4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$ic9e ( ,pl9y4 ,! ,m$ic9a1 or ,art ( ,m$ic9e1 ( ! ,pseudo-,pl9y#bdce consi/s ( ?ree books 9 :i* m$ical passages1 drawn f ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory1 are re>rang$ accord+ to diseases in/ead (1 z 9 ! g5u9e ,pl9y1 by simples4 ,! fir/ two books deal ) diseases ( ! human body 9 desc5d+ ord] f top to toe & f heada*e to g\t1 a favorite arrangem5t ?r\gh\t ! c\rse ( m$ieval m$ic9e4 ,! la/ book !n consid]s afflictions :i* are n necess>ily connect$ ) any p>ticul> "p ( ! body1 su* z w\nds & fev]s4 ,?us ?is compilation atte/s ,pl9y's m$ieval influ5ce & ! practical use made ( 8 "w1 :ile x ( c\rse cont9ues mu* ( 8 m$ical magic & sup]/ition4 ,! compil]'s re>rangem5t is an ess5tial "o1 if ! m$ical recomm5dations ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory 7 to be made available = ready ref]5ce4 ,9 ?is case1 !re=e1 ! epitomiz] has r improv$ ^u ?an disord]$ ! arrangem5t ( ! orig9al4 ,?is compilation is believ$ to h be5 us$ by ,m>cellus ,empiricus1 & a ,lett] ( ,pl9ius ,secundus to 8 fri5ds ab\t m$ic9e1 :i* ,m>cellus gives along ) o!r m$ical epi/les1 is ?\ght to be ! preface ( ! abbreviator1 :o 9 t case depicts himself z compos+ 8 volume s t 8 fri5ds & himself :5 travel+ may avoid ! paym5t ( exorbitant fees ask$ by /range physicians4 ,if we c reg>d ev]y?+ 9 ! "w ( ,m>cellus z we h x z hav+ be5 writt5 by #djj1 ! ,m$ic9e ( ,pl9y mu/ h be5 writt5 dur+ ! decl9+ ,roman ,empire4 ,! manuscripts us$ by ,rose 9 8 edition 7 ( ! t5? & twelf? c5turies4 ,!re is also a lat] v]sion ( ! ,m$ic9e ( ,pl9y 9 five books1#bdcf ( :i* ! two la/ are entirely new additions1 ! fif? be+ an extract f ! old ,lat9 translation ( ,alex&] ( ,tralles4 ,& 9 ! fir/ ?ree books ! e>li] ,pseudo-,pl9y has be5 work$ ov] ) additions4 ,! ,pseudo-,pl9y is also embodi$ ) alt]ations & accompani$ by "s pray]s & incantations 9 a t5? c5tury manuscript at ,/4 ,gall4#bdcg ,sid5ote3 ,! ,h]b>ium ( ,apuleius4 ,sev]al works besides ! six commonly reg>d$ z g5u9e#bdch 7 attribut$ to ,apuleius 9 ! middle ages1 grammatical#bdci & rhetorical#bddj treatises1 ! ,h]metic ,asclepius1#bdda a treatise on physiognomy1#bddb & ! v widespread ,sph]e ( ,life & ,dea?1 ( :i* we %all treat 9 ano!r *apt]4#bddc ,we %all n[ consid] ! ,h]b>ium ( ,apuleius1#bddd ! "o ( 8 spuri\s works1 :i* has mo/ to d ) ! _w ( nature1 &1 ) ! exception ( ! brief ,sph]e1 ! "o :i* occurs mo/ (t5 9 ! manuscripts4 ,! ,h]b>ium 0 fir/ pr9t$ ab\t #adhj by ! physician ( ,pope ,sixtus ,,iv f a manuscript at ,monte ,cass9o1 & !n1 aft] v>i\s o!r editions1 0 includ$ 9 #aedg 9 ! collection ( anci5t ,lat9 m$ical writ]s issu$ by ! ,ald9e ,press4 ,we are told1 h[ev]1 t ) ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! ,apuleius began to be sup]s$$ by ,g]man h]bals4 ,! m$ieval manuscripts ( ! ,h]b>ium are (t5 notewor?y = _! illum9ations ( ! h]bs 9 vivid colors4 ,^? ( ! m&ragora root are especially int]e/+1 %[+ x z a man /&+ on ! back ( a dog or a human =m ) leaves gr[+ on ! head & l$ by a dog *a9$ to 8 wai/4#bdde ,! olde/ manuscripts are ( ! six? c5tury1 & !re are "s 9 ,anglo-,saxon1 b z "o w\ld expect1 ! "w und]w5t _m additions & alt]ations1 & diff]5t manuscripts ( x v>y consid]ably4 ,! au?or is usually spok5 ( z ,apuleius ! ,platoni/ & is sometimes said to h receiv$ 8 "w f ! c5taur ,*iron1 ! ma/] ( ,a*illes1 & f ,esculapius4#bddf ,sid5ote3 ,specim5s ( its occult sci5ce4 ,9 ! ,h]b>ium ! plants are li/$ & describ$ & _! virtues1 especially m$ic9al1 /at$4 ,usually ! names = ea* h]b 9 sev]al languages or regions are giv5--,lat91 ,greek1 ,punic1 ,biblical 7by ! ,prophets71 ,egyptian1 ,syrian1 ,gallic1 ,dacian1 ,spani%1 ,phrygian1 ,tuscan4 ,by no means all ( ^! are li/$ 9 e case1 h[ev]4 ,! virtues ( ! h]bs (t5 op]ate 9 an occult mann]1 or proc$ure sugge/ive ( magic is involv$ 9 collect+ or apply+ !m4 ,(t5 diseases are cur$ m]ely by hold+ an h]b 9 ! h&1 we>+ x ) a /r+ ab\t ! neck1 or plac+ x beh9d "o e>1 or we>+ x 9 a r+4 ,lunatics1 = example1 are treat$ by b9d+ an h]b ab\t ! neck ) r$ clo? :5 ! moon is wax+ 9 ! sign ( ! bull or ! fir/ "p ( ! scorpion4 ,n only does obs]vance ( a/rology assi/ ! m$ic9al application ( h]bs2 plants are 9 turn ( assi/ance 9 ! pursuit ( a/rology4 ,to le>n "u ! rule ( :at /> y are1 be 9 a /ate ( purity1 pluck ! h]b ,monta/]1 keep x 9 a bit ( clean l95 until y f9d a :ole gra9 ( :eat 9 a loaf ( bread1 !n place ?is ) ! h]b "u y\r pill[ & pray to ! sev5 planets to reveal y\r gu>dian /> to y 9 y\r sleep4 ,inde$ pray]s & incantations are frequ5tly employ$ & 9 "o case mu/ be repeat$ n9e times4 ,sometimes ! h]b itself is address$1 z 9 ! conjuration1 8,h]b ,ery/ion1 ,i implore y to aid me & *e]fully af=d me all y\r virtues & cure & make :ole all ^? ills :i* ,aesculapius & ,*iron ! c5taur1 ma/]s ( m$ic9e1 heal$ by means ( y40 ,sometimes ! e>? is conjur$ z 9 ! pray] beg9n+1 8,holy goddess ,e>?40 ,su* pray]s are sc>cely consonant ) ,*ri/ianity & 9 "s manuscripts h be5 omitt$ & replac$ by ! ,"l's ,pray] or o!r ,*ri/ian =ms1 or left 9 ) _! word+ slightly alt]$ to avoid paganism4#bddg ,p]sonal purity & clean clo?+ are (t5 enjo9$ ^u ^? ga!r+ ! h]bs & su* in/ructions are add$ z to m>k ! circle ab\t ! plant ) gold1 silv]1 ivory1 ! too? ( a wild bo>1 & ! horn ( a bull1 or to fill ! hole ) honey$ fruits4 ,"s h]bs protect _! be>]s f all s]p5ts or ev5 f all evils4 ,o!rs1 l asp>agus if y use a dry root ( x to spr9kle ! pati5t ) spr+ wat]1 break ! spell ( wit*craft4 ,asp>agus is also b5eficial = too?a*e & wond]fully relieves a tumor or bladd] tr\ble1 if x is boil$ 9 wat] & drunk by ! pati5t fa/+ = sev5 days & also us$ 9 ba?+ = a numb] ( days4 ,b "o mu/ be c>eful n to g out 9 ! cold dur+ ?is "t nor to take cold dr9ks4#bddh ,sid5ote3 ,a 8,precantation ( ,all ,h]bs40 ,9 "s manuscripts a 8,precantation ( all h]bs0 is plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! treatise4#bddi ,x prescribes su* proc$ure z hold+ a mirror ov] ! h]b be=e pluck+ x be=e sunrise "u a wan+ moon4 ,! p]son pluck+ ! h]b & utt]+ ! incantation mu/ be b>efoot1 ungird$1 *a/e1 & we> no r+4 ,! plant is adjur$ n only 8by ! liv+ ,god0 & 8! holy "n ( ,god1 ,sabao?10 b also by ,seia1 ! ,roman goddess ( s[+1 & by 8,,gs10 :i* presumably /&s = ,gaia ,seia1 an expression :i* is once writt5 out 9 full4 ,"s mean+less words are also repeat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,o!r treatises accompany+ ! ,h]b>ium4 ,! ,h]b>ium is (t5 accompani$ 9 ! manuscripts by o!r treatises on h]bs ascrib$ to ,dioscorides & ,mac]1 ( :i* we %all speak pres5tly2 by a "w on ! m$ic9al prop]ties ( animals1 or m p>ticul>ly ( quadrup$s1 by ,sextus ,papirius ,placidus#bdej ,actor#bdea--;an o!rwise q unkn[n p]sonage2#bdeb by a 8lett] conc]n+ a little bea/0 f ! k+ ( ,egypt or ,aesculapius to ! emp]or ,octavian ,augu/us2#bdec & by introductory lett]s1 su* z we f9d prefac$ to ! ,de m$icam5tis ( ,m>cellus ,empiricus1 ( 8,hippocrates to 8 ,moec5as0#bded & 8,antonius ,musus to ,moec5as ,agrippa40 ,! epi/le ( ! ,egyptian k+ or ,aesculapius to ,augu/us1 h[ev]1 really =ms ! introduction or op5+ *apt] to ! treatise ( ,sextus ,papirius ,placidus on ! m$ic9al prop]ties ( animals1 & aft] ! little bea/ or quadrup$ call$ mela or taxo#bdee foll[ fa/ ! /ag1 s]p5t1 fox1 h>e1 scorpion1 & s =?4 ,z = ! taxo1 ,augu/us is told t by means ( x he c protect himself f sorc]]s1 avoid defections 9 8 army1 & pres]ve 8 troops f ! pe/il5ce :i* ! b>b>ians br+1 & ! city ( ,rome f bo? pe/il5ces & fires4 ,to ?is end a lu/ration %\ld be p]=m$ ) its fle%1 & x %\ld !n be buri$ at ! city gates4 ,"o way to appropriate its virtue is to extract its l>ge tee?1 repeat+ a j>gon ( /range words ! :ile4 ,sid5ote3 ,cosmography ( ,ae?icus4 ,ano!r *>act]i/ic product ( decl9+ antique le>n+ & ( e>ly m$ieval ef=t is f\nd 9 ! field ( geography 9 ! ,cosmography ( ,ae?icus ,i/ricus1 translat$ into ,lat9 by ! prie/ ,j]ome 7,hi]onymus ,presbyt]74 ,! olde/ manuscript is "o ( ! eigh? c5tury 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1#bdef :]e x is also f\nd 9 sev]al o!r fairly e>ly manuscripts#bdeg 9 ! respectable company ( ,vitruvius1 ,vegetius1 ,sallu/1 & ,suetonius1#bdeh z well z ) ! m cong5ial "w ( ,sol9us4 ,?is ,cosmographia 0 n pr9t$ until #aheb1 :5 x 0 edit$ at ,p>is by ,m4 d',avezac & aga9 9 #ahed at ,leipzig by ,m4 ,h4 ,wuttke4 ,x is an entirely diff]5t "w f :at _h hi!rto be5 repeat$ly pr9t$ z ! ,cosmography ( ,ae?icus b is really to be id5tifi$ ) fragm5ts ( ,julian ,honorius & ,orosius4 ,! ,lat9 translator ( our treatise _h be5 id5tifi$ 9 ! middle ages ) ,/4 ,j]ome1 ! *ur* fa!r1 & ,wuttke /ill ascrib$ x to him1 b ,bunbury prote/$ aga9/ ?is1#bdei & ,momms5 plac$ our treatise n e>li] ?an ! sev5? c5tury4#bdfj ,sid5ote3 ,its m$ieval influ5ce ,bunbury add$1 h[ev]1 t ! ,cosmography 8appe>s to h be5 mu* read 9 ! middle ages1 & is !re=e n )\t lit]>y int]e/40 ,! app>5t greatness ( ! names on ! title page seems to h giv5 ! middle ages an exagg]at$ notion ( ! "w's importance4 ,ae?icus himself is spok5 ( z f ,i/ria & accord+ to ! ,explicit ( at lea/ "o manuscript#bdfa 0 a ,scy?ian1 b ?is does n mean t 8 attitude t[>ds le>n+ 0 t ( a ,hun1 = ! same ,explicit goes on to in=m u t he 0 ( noble l9eage &1 if ,i correctly int]pret ! faulty syntax ( its ,lat91 t f him ! e?ical philosophy ( o!r sages drew its orig9s4 ,some:at lat] ,rog] ,bacon said 9 discuss+ faults 9 ! /udy ( !ology 9 8 day1 8,f ! au?orities ( ! philosoph]s :om ! sa9ts cite ,i %all ab/a91 except t ,i w /r5g!n ! utt]ances ( ,e?icus ! a/ronom] & ,al*imus ! philosoph] by ! au?ority ( ! bless$ ,j]ome1 s9ce no "o c\ld cr$it t !y _h said s _m m>vel\s ?+s ab\t ,*ri/ & ! angels & demons & m5 :o are to be glorifi$ or damn$ unless ,j]ome or "s o!r sa9t prov$ t !y _h said s40#bdfb ,sid5ote3 ,"* ( ! "w4 ,z ,bacon's words indicate1 ,*ri/ian influ5ce is manife/ 9 ! ,cosmography1 al?\gh1 z !y also indicate1 ! orig9al ,ae?icus is n suppos$ to h be5 a ,*ri/ian1 b1 z "o manuscript in=ms u1 an ,academic philosoph]4#bdfc ,ori5tal influ5ce1 too1 is p]haps %[n 9 flights ( poetical language & unre/ra9$ imag9ation1 9 a numb] ( allusions to ,alex&] ! ,great1 & 9 an extraord9>y ignorance ( e>ly ,roman hi/ory :i* leads ! au?or to tell h[ ,romulus invad$ ,pannonia & f\ght aga9/ ! ,lac$aemonians4 8,h[ great c>nage10 he exclaims1 89 ,lac$aemonia1 ,noricum & ,pannonia1 ,i/ria & ,albania1 nor!rn regions ne> my home1 fir/ at ! h&s ( ! ,romans & ! tyrant ,numitor1 !n "u ! bro!rs ,romulus & ,remus1 & lat] "u ! fir/ ,t>qu91 ! ,pr\d40 ,! au?or eulogizes ,a!ns z well z ,alex&]1 & m5tions a p call$ ,tur*i1 b :e!r or n he has ,turks 9 m9d w\ld be h>d to say4 ,sid5ote3 ,its attitude to m>vels4 ,z we h x1 ! ,cosmography cites bo? ! ,e?icus & ! ,al*imus to :om ,rog] ,bacon ref]r$4 ,inde$1 our treatise does n pret5d to be ! orig9al "w ( ,ae?icus1 :i* x repeat$ly cites1 b is app>5tly ! "w ( "s epitomiz] or abbreviator :o int]sp]ses rem>ks & comm5ts ( 8 own1 &1 accord+ to "o manuscript1 makes ! /atem5ts ( ,ae?icus con=m to ,*ri/ian ,scripture4 ,f ! volumes ( ! orig9al "w he makes only a few exc]pts1 pr(ess+ to omit :at is unhe>d ( or unkn[n or seems too =midable1 & includ+ only ) hesitancy a few bits conc]n+ unkn[n races on ! te/imony ( he>say4 ,! enigmas ( ,ae?icus & o!r philosoph]s (t5 give our abbreviator pause1 & he reg>ds z incr$ible ! /ory ( ,ae?icus t ! ,amazons nurse "y m9otaurs & c5taurs :o fight = !m 9 return4 ,ae?icus also tells ( ! wond]ful armor ( ! ,amazons :i* !y treat ) bitum5 & ! blood ( _! own (fspr+4 ,9 ,crete ,ae?icus f\nd h]bs unkn[n 9 o!r l&s :i* w>d (f fam9e4 ,v beautiful gems are m5tion$1 includ+ ^? extract$ f ! bra9s ( imm5se dragons & basilisks1 b little is said ( _! virtues1 occult or o!rwise4 ,inde$1 ! am\nt ei!r ( specific in=mation or specific mis9=mation 9 ! book is v scanty4 ,x deals l>gely 9 unc\? rhetoric1 glitt]+ g5]alities1 & obscure allusion an5t ! w&]+s ( ,ae?icus ov] ! face ( ! e>? & ! /range m>vels :i* he enc\nt]$ 9 di/ant l&s4 ,he is describ$ z well v]s$ 9 a/rology & z reprov+ ! a/rolog]s ( ,scy?ia787 & ,mantua7871 & "o passage vaguely speaks ( ! />s z signs ( ! pres5t & future2 b o!rwise ! abbreviator gives little evid5ce ( k ( ! subject1 al?\gh ,rog] ,bacon#bdfd cit$ ,e?icus ,a/ronomicus 9 ,cosmographia z "o ( 8 au?orities :5 discuss+ ! "q ( ,jesus ,*ri/'s nativity & its relation to ! />s1 & al?\gh ,pico della ,mir&ola rank$ ! ,cosmography z "o ( ! mo/ absurd ( a/rological works4#bdfe ,z = magic1 9 "o passage malefici & magi are c5sur$ along ) idolat]s1 & ! au?or pres5tly speaks ( va9 *>act]s & sup]/iti\s doctr9es4 ,b else:]e a magician 7,pirronius magus7 is nam$ z ! inv5tor ( %ips & discov]] ( purple4 ,on ! :ole1 9 its loose & hazy way ! ,cosmography n only is romantic & religi\s en\gh to appeal to m$ieval read]s1 x also is ( a "* to (f] enc\ragem5t1 if n data1 to a lat] & m detail$ int]e/ 9 al*emy1 occult virtues1 a/rology1 & magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,geoponica4 ,^u ! subject ( agriculture 9 ! e>ly middle ages we h ! collection kn[n z ! ,geoponica4 ,x prop]ly belongs to ,byzant9e lit]ature & p]haps _h little direct influ5ce ^u we/]n ,europe4 ,nev]!less at lea/ a portion ( x ^u v9ey>ds 0 translat$ into ,lat9 by ,burgundio ( ,pisa 9 ! twelf? c5tury4#bdff ,9 any case z ! 8only =mal treatise on ,greek agriculture0 extant x is a r important hi/orical s\rce2 x also is a good specim5 ( e>ly m$ieval compilations f classical works2 & 9 its inclusion ( sup]/iti\s & magical details x is probably r\ghly repres5tative ( ! p]iod1 :e!r 9 ea/ or we/4 ,9 ! =m :i* we n[ possess x 0 publi%$ ab\t #iej ,a4 ,d4 & d$icat$ to ! ,byzant9e emp]or1 ,con/ant9e ,,vii or ,porphyryg5netos4 ,b ?is issue 0 p]haps little m ?an an abbreviat$ revision ( ! "w ( ,cassianus ,bassus ( ! six? c5tury1 ^: introductory words to 8 son are /ill giv5 at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? book4 ,cassianus is believ$ 9 8 turn to h be5 especially indebt$ to two f\r? c5tury writ]s1 ,v9danius ,anatolius ( ,beirut1 ^: agricultural tea*+ 0 ( a sob] & rational sort1 & ,didymus ( ,alex&ria1 :o 0 m giv5 to sup]/ition & magic4#bdfg ,sid5ote3 ,magic & a/rology !re94 ,nev]!less1 magic & a/rology f9d no place 9 ! index to ! mo/ rec5t edition ( ! "w4#bdfh ,a survey1 h[ev]1 ( ! text itself reveals "s indications ( ! pres5ce ( bo?4 ,! v fir/ ( its tw5ty books deals ) a/rological pr$iction ( ! wea!r & cites "s spuri\s "w or works by ,zoroa/] a great deal4 ,9 lat] books1 too1 ,zoroa/] is sometimes cit$ = semi-a/rological advice1 su* z gu>d+ w9e j>s aga9/ sun or moon-beams :5 op5+ !m1 or te/+ se$ by expos+ x to ! rays ( ! dog-/>4#bdfi ,zoroa/] is also us$ z an au?ority on ! sympa?y & antipa?y exi/+ betwe5 natural objects4#bdgj ,damig]on & ,democritus are o!r names cit$ :i* are sugge/ive ( ! occult & magical4#bdga ,!re are n1 h[ev]1 _m cases ( extreme sup]/ition 9 ! ,geoponica4 ,some?+ is said ( ! m>vel\s prop]ties ( gems1 ( ! effect ( a hy5a's %ad[ fall+ ^u a dog by moonlight1 & h[ dogs w n attack a p]son :o holds a hy5a's tongue 9 8 h&4#bdgb ,incantations ( a sort are occasionally recomm5d$4#bdgc ,to keep w9e f turn+ s\r "o is direct$ to write ! div9e words1 8,ta/e & see t ! ,"l is good0 ^u ! w9e-j>4#bdgd ,ano!r passage advises a p]son :o f9ds himself 9 a place full ( fleas to cry1 8,ou*6 ,ou*60 & !n !y w n bite him4#bdge ,sid5ote3 ,dioscorides4 ,p]haps ! *ief anci5t "w on ph>macology 0 ! ,de mat]ia m$ica or ( ,p$anius ,dioscorides ( ,anaz>ba4 ,gal51 z we h se51 f\nd ?+s to criticize 9 x b nev]!less made great use ( x 9 8 own "w on m$ic9al simples4 ,dioscorides ( c\rse _h 8 previ\s s\rces b seems to h surpass$ !m 9 fulness & ord]l9ess ( arrangem5t4 ,( ! man himself 8 preface tells u all t we "k1 & 8 d$ication %[s t he probably wrote dur+ ! reign ( ,n]o4 ,he 0 born 9 ,cilicia ne> ,t>sus1 he _h travel$ 9 _m l&s z a soldi]1 & 8 "w 0 bas$ p>tly ^u p]sonal obs]vation & exp]i5ce z well z previ\s books4 ,sid5ote3 ,textual hi/ory ( ! ,de mat]ia m$ica4 ,dioscorides' influ5ce cont9u$ & ev5 increas$ z "t w5t on2 b if future c5turies 7 deeply influ5c$ by 8 book1 x 0 also s]i\sly affect$ by !m1 = x seems to h be5 subject$ to a long s]ies ( repeat$ abbreviations & omissions1 additions & int]polations1 *anges 9 =m & 9 ord]4 ,?us all sorts ( v]sions ( :at 0 call$ ,dioscorides came into be+1 b :i* 9 "s cases c h>dly be reg>d$ z m ?an compilations f all ! favorite ph>macies ( ! "t1 9 :i* ! g5u9e ,dioscorides con/itut$ b a remnant or a core4 ,?us mo/ e>ly pr9t$ editions ( :at purports to be ! ,de mat]ia m$ica mu/ be h&l$ ) great caution1 & x may p]haps be d\bt$ if ev5 ! late/ ef=t ( ,max ,wellmann to recov] ! orig9al ,greek text has be5 entirely successful4#bdgf ,( ! five books reg>d$ z g5u9e & orig9al ! fir/ dealt ) spices1 salves1 & oils2 ! second1 ) p>ts ( animals & animal products l milk & honey1 ) gra9s1 vegetables1 & pot-h]bs4 ,o!r plants & roots 7 consid]$ 9 ! ?ird & f\r? books1 :ile ! la/ dealt ) w9es & m9]als4#bdgg ,sid5ote3 ,alt]ations made 9 ! ,greek text4 ,:e!r we n[ possess ,dioscorides' orig9al text or n1 at any rate ! olde/ ,greek manuscripts d n conta9 x1 b only t portion deal+ ) h]bs4 ,moreov]1 ?is has be5 re>rang$ 9 alphabetical ord] & has be5 adapt$ to fit a set ( pictures ( plants :i* 7 p]haps tak5 ov] f ! "w ( ,crateuas1 "o ( ,dioscorides' *ief s\rces4 ,su* is ! fam\s e>ly six? c5tury illum9at$ manuscript made = ,juliana ,anicia1 daught] ( ! emp]or ,olybrius 7#dgb ,a4 ,d47 & wife ( ! consul ,areob9dus 7ab\t #eab ,a4 ,d474#bdgh ,! alphabetical re>rangem5t ( ! ,greek text ( ,dioscorides 0 made at "s "t betwe5 ,gal5 & ,oribasius1 :o cites f x 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,n only 7 ! five books ( ! g5u9e ,de mat]ia m$ica int]polat$1 b additional spuri\s books 7 add$ 8,on ,h>mful ,drugs0 & 8,on ,poisons40#bdgi ,! "w on m$ic9al simples attribut$ to ,dioscorides is extant 9 no manuscript e>li] ?an ! f\rte5? c5tury & "s v]sions ( x are mu* m int]polat$ ?an o!rs4 ,z ,gal5 does n cite x :ile ,oribasius & ,atius d use x1 x is assum$ t x 0 compos$ 9 ! ?ird or e>ly f\r? c5tury ) a =g$ d$ication to a contempor>y ( ,dioscorides1 b t x made consid]able use ( ! g5u9e ,dioscorides1 to :i* x bore mu* ! same relation z ! ,m$ic9a ,pl9ii did to ! ,hi/oria ,naturalis4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 "s ,byzant9e compil] ( ! elev5?1 twelf?1 or ?irte5? c5tury introduc$ a great deal ( new mat]ial f ,gal5's g5u9e & spuri\s works 9 t field & f ,john ( ,damascus4#bdhj ,sid5ote3 ,dioscorides little kn[n to ,lat9s be=e ! middle ages4 ,:at m especially conc]n u are ! m$ieval ,lat9 v]sions ( ,dioscorides4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 al?\gh ! ,de mat]ia m$ica 0 f ! />t highly reg>d$ & widely us$ by ,greek physicians1 x seems to h be5 little kn[n to ,lat9 writ]s until ! v]ge ( ! m$ieval p]iod4 ,g>gilius ,m>tialis1 a ,roman writ] on agriculture 9 ! ?ird c5tury ( our era1 0 ! only old ,lat9 au?or to cite ,dioscorides1 :i* he did1 h[ev]1 no less ?an eighte5 times 9 8 ,m$ic9ae ex ol]ibus et pomis4 ,?is has l$ to ! sugge/ion t he 0 p]haps responsible = ! fir/ ,lat9 translation or v]sion ( ,dioscorides2 b x seems unlikely t ! "w _h be5 put into ,lat9 z e>ly z 8 "t1 s9ce x is n cit$ aga9 by a ,lat9 writ] until ! six? c5tury & is n us$ by su* m$ical au?ors z ,s]5us ,sammonicus1 ,cassius ,felix1 ,!odorus ,priscianus1 & ,m>cellus ,empiricus4 ,sid5ote3 ,p>tial v]sions 9 ,lat94 ,b at lea/ a portion ( ,dioscorides seems to h be5 translat$ into ,lat9 by ! "t ( ,cassiodorus1 :o1 writ+ 9 ! fir/ half ( ! six? c5tury1 /ates t ^? :o _c read ,greek may consult ! ,h]b>ium ,dioscoridis4#bdha ,?is naturally sugge/s a v]sion limit$ to m$ic9al plants l ! e>ly ,greek text 9 ! manuscript ( ,juliana ,anicia4 ,?is impression is confirm$ by ! preface to "s e>ly ,lat9 v]sion ( ,dioscorides1 :i* ,rose discov]$ 9 "o ( ! manuscripts ( ! ,h]b>ium ( ,apuleius 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4#bdhb ,?is preface implies t ! translation :i* x introduc$ 0 limit$ to ! botanical books ( ,dioscorides & /ates t x 0 accompani$ by illu/rations ( h]bs4 ,sid5ote3 ,de h]bis fem99is4 ,bas$ ^u ?is p>tial translation r ?an id5tical ) x is believ$ to h be5 ! ,de h]bis fem99is1#bdhc :i* 0 ascrib$ to ,dioscorides 9 ! middle ages & :i* (t5 accompanies ! ,h]b>ium ( ! ,pseudo-,apuleius 9 ! manuscripts4 ,9 ?is case ! h]bs ( ! ,pseudo-,apuleius are sometimes call$ mascul9e1 b z a matt] ( fact only a m9ority ( ^? 9 ! ,pseudo-,dioscorides seem to be di/9ctly fem99e4 ,( sev5ty-"o plants ,kae/n] class$ fifte5 or sixte5 z fem99e1 :ile 9 only ?irty cases are !y prescrib$ = female compla9ts4 ,rose dat$ ?is "w be=e ,isidore ( ,seville by :om he believ$ x 0 us$4#bdhd ,x seems to comb9e a free ,lat9 translation ( exc]pts f ! g5u9e ,dioscorides ) num]\s additions f o!r s\rces4 ,sid5ote3 ,! full] ,lat9 v]sions4 ,besides su* abbreviat$ & int]polat$ ,lat9 v]sions or p]v]sions ( ,dioscorides1 !re 0 also 9 exi/5ce 9 ! e>ly middle ages a lit]al translation ( all five books ( ! ,de mat]ia m$ica4 ,x is full ( ,lat9isms & b>b>isms b o!rwise reproduces ! complete & g5u9e ,dioscorides1 or is suppos$ to d s4 ,rose & ,wellmann#bdhe say t x 0 curr5t f ! six? c5tury on1 & ! few extant manuscripts ( x date f ! e>ly m$ieval p]iod4#bdhf ,"o reason = ?is seems to be t ?is lit]al translation 0 replac$ by ano!r ,lat9 v]sion :i* 9 a ,bamb]g manuscript#bdhg is ascrib$ to ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 ! m$ical translator & writ] ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,9 ?is v]sion ! items are arrang$ alphabetically1 & additions are embodi$ f o!r s\rces4 ,?is v]sion app>5tly became mu* bett] kn[n ?an ! e>li] lit]al translation & has be5 call$ 8! mo/ widely dissem9at$ h&book ( ph>macy ( ! :ole lat] middle ages40#bdhh ,x is /at$ by ,rose to be id5tical ) ! 8,dyascorides10 ^u :i* ,pet] ( ,abano lectur$ & comm5t$ ab\t #acjj & :i* 0 pr9t$ at ,colle 9 #adgh & aga9 at ,lyons 9 #aeab4bdhi ,sid5ote3 ,pet] ( ,abano's acc\nt ( ! m$ieval v]sions4 ,pet] ( ,abano tells u 9 8 preface#bdij t 9 8 "t !re 7 curr5t two diff]5t v]sions1 al?\gh bo? _h ! same preface4 ,"o ( ^! 0 9 five books ) a great _m %ort *apt]s1 s %ort 9 fact t (t5 ! treatm5t ( a s+le ?+ 0 scatt]$ ov] sev]al *apt]s4 ,?is v]sion 0 r>e 9 ,lat94 ,! o!r v]sion conta9$ few] b long] *apt]s ) mat]ial add$ f ,gal51 ,pl9y1 & o!r writ]s4 ,?is v]sion 0 arrang$ alphabetically4 ,x 0 ?is v]sion :i* ,aggregator#bdia _h foll[$ & imitat$1 b sometimes !re 7 *apt]s 9 ei!r 8,dyascorides0 :i* 7 miss+ 9 ,aggregator4 ,pet] _h also se5 an alphabetical v]sion ( ,dioscorides 9 ,greek4 ,sid5ote3 ,pseudo-,dioscorides on /ones4 ,!re seems also to h be5 curr5t1 at lea/ 9 ! lat] middle ages1 a ,pseudo-,dioscorides on /ones1 drawn 9 "p1 l ! ,fem99e ,h]bs1 f ! g5u9e ,de mat]ia m$ica1 ^: discussion ( ! virtues ( /ones is incr$ible en\gh4#bdib ,?is ,dioscorides on ,/ones is cit$ by ,arnold ( ,saxony & ,b>?olomew ( ,engl& 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & portions at lea/ ( ! "w are extant 9 manuscripts at ,erfurt & ,montpelli]4#bdic ,a "w on physical ligatures is ascrib$ to ,dioscorides 9 a late manuscript1#bdid b is really a collection ( items f v>i\s au?ors s9ce ,dioscorides on ! m>vel\s virtues ( animals1 h]bs1 & /ones1 especially :5 b\nd on ! body1 held 9 ! h&1 or worn ar\nd ! neck4 ,sid5ote3 ,conclusions f ! textual hi/ory ( ,dioscorides4 ,! hi/ory ( ! m$ieval v]sions ( ,dioscorides1 ev5 9 ! brief & incomplete outl9e giv5 "h1 is in/ructive1 %[+ u 9 g5]al ! vicissitudes to :i* ! transmission ( ! text ( any anci5t au?or may h be5 subject$1 b m especially prov+ t ! middle ages1 :e!r ,lat9 or ,byzant9e1 7 ready to take great lib]ties ) anci5t au?orities & to adapt !m to _! own ta/e & requirem5ts4 ,& inde$1 :y %\ld !y n re>range & make additions to _! ,dioscorides8 ,aft] all x 0 a compilation to beg9 )4 ,b ! case ( ,dioscorides has also taught u t we d n h to wait until ! m$ieval p]iod = ! appe>ance ( new v]sions ( an anci5t au?or4 ,sid5ote3 ,mac] on h]bs2 its great curr5cy4 ,) ! possible exception ( ! ,h]b>ium ( ! ,pseudo-,apuleius1 probably ! be/ kn[n s+le & di/9ct treatm5t ( ! virtues ( h]bs produc$ dur+ ! middle ages 0 ! poem ,de viribus h]b>um :i* circulat$ "u ! "n ( ,mac] ,floridus4#bdie ,x 0 (t5 cit$ by ! m$ieval encyclop$i/s & o!r writ]s on nature & m$ic9e 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4#bdif ,x is f\nd 9 an ,anglo-,saxon v]sion#bdig & 0 ev5 translat$ into ,dani% 9 ! e>ly ?irte5? c5tury4#bdih ,manuscripts ( x are v num]\s#bdii & !re are _m e>ly pr9t$ editions4#bejj ,ev5 z rec5tly z ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury a hi/orian ( m$ic9e & natural sci5ce1 9 ! preface ( 8 edition ( ,mac]1 /at$ z "o argum5t = ! mod]n /udy ( m$ieval m$ic9e t mu* might be le>n$ f writ+s ( t p]iod conc]n+ ! virtues ( h]bs4#beja ,sid5ote3 ,problem ( date & au?or ,! poem 0 c]ta9ly n writt5 by ! classical poet1 ,aemilius ,mac]1 :o 0 a fri5d ( ,v]gil & ,ovid1 & ^: descriptions ( plants1 birds1 & reptiles are cit$ by ,pl9y 9 8 ,natural ,hi/ory & also pres]v$ 9 "s extracts by ! gramm>ians4 ,pro( ( ?is is t our poem cites ,pl9y2 9 fact1 x cites him m frequ5tly ?an any o!r au?or4 ,x also cites ,gal5 six times1 ,dioscorides f\r1 & z late an au?or z ,oribasius twice4#bejb ,b ,oribasius is n ! late/ au?or cit$ s9ce ,walafrid ,/rabo is also us$4#bejc ,/rabo 0 born ab\t #hjf1 became abbot ( ,rei*5au 9 #hdb1 & di$ 9 #hdi4 ,9 8 ,hortulus1 a poem d$icat$ to ,grimoald1 ! abbot ( ,/4 ,gall1 he describ$ tw5ty-?ree h]bs 9 #ddd hexamet]s4#bejd ,inde$ ,/adl] holds t ! ,pseudo-,mac] uses ! ,de gradibus ( ,con/ant9us ,africanus :o did n die until #ajhg4beje ,! true au?or ( our poem ascrib$ to ,mac] is said on ! au?ority ( c]ta9 manuscripts to h be5 an ,odo ( ,meung on ! ,loire1 app>5tly ! same t[n z ! bir?place ( ,jean ,clop9el or de ,meun1 ! le>n$ au?or ( ! latt] portion ( ,! ,romance ( ! ,rose4 ,*\lant1 h[ev]1 did n reg>d ?is z suffici5tly prov$1 & ,/adl] has rec5tly not$ t "s manuscripts ascribe ! poem to a physician1 ,odo ( ,v]ona2 & o!rs to ! ,ci/]cian1 ,odo ( ,morimont1 :o di$ 9 #aafa4bejf ,9 any case1 unless ! m5tions ( ,/rabo are lat] int]polations1 ! au?or mu/ be reg>d$ z po/-,c>ol+ian1 :ile he _c be lat] ?an ! elev5? c5tury 9 view ( a rem>k ( ,sigeb]tus ,gemblac5sis 9 #aaab1bejg ! ,anglo-,saxon v]sion1 ! _m twelf? c5tury manuscripts1 & ! frequ5t use ( 8 poem 9 ! ,regim5 ,sal]nitanum4#bejh ,al?\gh ,mac] seems a pseudonym to beg9 )1 ! orig9al poem1 consi/+ ( #bbfi l9es 9 :i* #gg h]bs are discuss$1 is sometimes accompani$ by additional l9es reg>d$ z spuri\s4#beji ,sid5ote3 ,virtues ascrib$ to h]bs4 ,our poet does n appe> to h mu* ( 8 own to (f] on ! subject ( ! virtues ( h]bs4 ,:5 he does n cite 8 au?ority by "n1 he usually qualifies ! /atem5t made by a vagu] 8!y say0 or 8x is said40 ,he does n connect c]ta9 h]bs ) c]ta9 />s or o!rwise introduce any?+ t c be call$ a/rological4 ,he repeats ,pl9y's /atem5t ( ! p[]s ascrib$ to v]va9 by ! magi1 su* z to ga9 "o's desires1 w9 ! fri5d%ip ( ! p[]ful1 & dispel disease & fev]4 ,pl9y _h spok5 ( ! magi z 8rav+ ab\t ?is h]b02 our poet says3 8,al?\gh pot5t ,nature c grant su* virtues1 ,yet !y really seem to u idle old-wives' tales40#beaj ,nev]!less he himself ab\t fifte5 l9es be=e _h said ( ! v]va93 8,if1 hold+ ?is h]b 9 ! h&1 y ask ! pati5t1 #8,say1 bro!r1 h[ are y8' & ! pati5t answ]s1 #8,well1' ,he w live2 b if he says #8,ill1' !re is no hope ( safety40#beaa ,our poet n only ?us associates ) h]bs ! virtue ( div9ation1 b is guilty ( sympa!tic magic :5 he believes t ! anci5ts le>n$ by exp]i5ce t ,dragontea or snake-we$ dispels poisons1 w>ds (f snakes1 & is good = snake-bite f obs]v+ ! simil>ity betwe5 ! spott$ r9d ( ! h]b & ! sk9 ( a snake4#beab ,odo or ,mac] repeats ,gal5's /ory ( cur+ an epileptic boy by susp5d+ a root ( peony ab\t 8 neck1#beac & lat] ass]ts ! same virtue = ! h]b pyre?rum4#bead ,ev5 m magical is ! c]emony = cur+ too?a*e :i* he takes f ,pl9y & :i* consi/s 9 digg+ up ! h]b ,s5ecion )\t use ( iron1 t\*+ ! a*+ too? ) x ?ree times1 & !n replac+ ! plant 9 ! place :]e x came f s t x w gr[ aga94#beae ,pl9y is also cit$ conc]n+ ! swall['s re/or+ ! sight ( its "y by swall[-wort4#beaf ,our poet also repeats su* beliefs z t ! h]b ,buglossa pres]ves ! memory1#beag or t ! smoke ( ,ari/o*ia dispels demons & exhil>ates infants4#beah ,if ! hives are ano9t$ ) ! juice ( ! h]b ,b>rocus1 ! bees w n des]t !m2 :ile c>ry+ t plant ) "o is a protection aga9/ ! /+s ( bees1 wasps1 & spid]s4#beai ,among ! virtues mo/ frequ5tly attribut$ to h]bs are expell+ or kill+ worms1 cur+ pe/if]\s bites or poisons1 & provok+ ur9e or vomit+4 ,on ! :ole1 8,mac]0 conta9s only a mod]ate am\nt ( sup]/ition1 al?\gh r m proportionally ?an ,walafrid ,/rabo4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp]im5ts ( ,mac]4 ,al?\gh ,odo or ,mac] seems to make no orig9al contribution to botany1 cites au?orities frequ5tly1 & speaks (t5 ( ! anci5ts or m5 ( old1 he also at lea/ once cites 8exp]ts0#bebj & we h also se5 8 belief t ! anci5ts _h te/$ ! virtues ( plants by exp]i5ce4 ,?is r slight exp]im5tal "* ( ! "w is fur!r emphasiz$ 9 "s manuscripts ( x1 :]e ! title is 8,exp]im5ts ( ,mac]0 & ! matt] seems to h be5 re>rang$ "u diseases in/ead ( by h]bs4#beba ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,o!r ,,e>ly ,,m$ieval ,,le>n+3 ,,boe?ius1 ,,isidore1 ,,b$e1 ,,gregory ,,! ,,great ,aridity ( e>ly m$ieval le>n+--,hi/oric importance ( ,! ,consolation ( ,philosophy--,m$ieval read+--,influ5ce ( ! works ( ,boe?ius--,8 relation to antiquity & middle ages--,attitude to ! />s--,fate & free w--,music ( ! />s & univ]se--,isidore ( ,seville--,me?od ( ! ,etymologies--,its s\rces--,natural m>vels--,isidore is r less hospitable to sup]/ition ?an ,pl9y--,port5t--,words & numb]s--,hi/ory ( magic--,def9ition ( magic--,future influ5ce ( ,isidore's acc\nt ( magic--,attitude to a/rology--,9 ! ,de natura r]um--,b$e's scanty sci5ce--,b$e's ,de natura r]um--,div9ation by ?und]--,riddles ( ,aldhelm--,gregory's ,dialogues--,signs & wond]s wr\ght by sa9ts--,m monki% miracles--,a mona/ic snake-*>m]--,basilius ! magician--,a demon salad--,incantations 9 ,old ,iri%--,! ,fili4 ,sid5ote3 ,aridity ( e>ly m$ieval le>n+4 ,! erudite =titude ( /ud5ts ( ! ,m]ov+ian p]iod comm&s our admiration1 b sometimes incl9es u to wond] :e!r anyone )\t a some:at dry-z-du/ con/itution c\ld p5etrate f> or t>ry long 9 ! des]t ( e>ly m$ieval ,lat9 le>n+ )\t p]i%+ ( intellectual ?ir/4 ,z a rule ! writ+s ( ! "t %[ no orig9ality :atev]1 & lea/ ( all any sci5tific inve/igation2 !y are ( value m]ely z an indication ( :at pa/ books m5 /ill read & :at p>ts ( pa/ sci5ce !y /ill possess$ "s int]e/ 94 ,"u ! same category ( condemnation may be plac$ mo/ ( ! ,c>ol+ian p]iod s f> z our inve/igation is conc]n$4 ,we %all !re=e trav]se rapidly ?is p]iod ( sp>se sci5tific productivity & %all be do+ x ample ju/ice1 if f its meag] li/ ( writ]s we select = consid]ation ,boe?ius ( ,italy at ! op5+ ( ! six? c5tury & ,gregory ! ,great at its close1 ,isidore ( ,spa9 at ! op5+ ( ! sev5? c5tury1 & ,b$e 9 ,engl& at ! beg9n+ ( ! eigh? c5tury1 ) "s brief allusion to ! riddles ( ,aldhelm1 bi%op ( ,%]borne1 & to ,old ,iri% lit]ature4 ,we %\ld ga9 little or no?+ by add+ to ! li/ ,alcu9 at ! close ( ! eigh? c5tury & ,rabanus ,maurus 9 ! n9? c5tury1 al?\gh x may be not$ n[ t lat] m$ieval writ]s cite ,rabanus = /atem5ts :i* ,i h fail$ to f9d 9 8 pr9t$ works4 ,9 g5]al x may be said t ! writ]s :om we %all consid] are ^? dur+ ! p]iod :o are mo/ cit$ by ! lat] m$ieval au?ors4 ,sid5ote3 ,hi/oric importance ( ,! ,consolation ( ,philosophy4 ,( ! di/+ui%$ family & political c>e] ( ,boe?ius :o liv$ f ab\t #dhj to #ebd ,a4 ,d41 & 8 f9al exile1 imprisonm5t1 & execution by ,!odoric ! ,ea/ ,go?1 we ne$ sc>cely speak "h4 ,our conc]n is ) 8 little book1 ,! ,consolation ( ,philosophy1 "o ( ^? memorable writ+s :i*1 l ,! ,city ( ,god ( ,augu/9e1 /& out z hi/orical l&m>ks & seem to h be5 writt5 on ! "r subject by ! "r man at ! mo/ dramatic mom5t4 ,! timely appe>ance ( su* works1 produc$ 9 bo? ^! cases n "u ! /imulus ( triumphant victory b ! /+ ( bitt] defeat1 is nev]!less p]haps less surpris+ ?an is _! subsequ5t pres]vation & enorm\s influ5ce4 ,we (t5 are alt]nately amus$ & amaz$ by ! mi/akes conc]n+ hi/orical & *ronological detail f\nd 9 m$ieval writ]s4 ,yet m$ieval read]s %[$ consid]able appreciation ( ! c\rse ( hi/ory1 ( its fundam5tal t5d5cies1 & ( its crucial mom5ts by ! works :i* !y includ$ 9 _! meag] libr>ies4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$ieval read+4 ,b 7 m$ieval libr>ies z meag] z we are wont to assume8 ,b$e & ,alcu9 bo? tell ( ! exi/5ce ( sizeable libr>ies 9 ,engl&1#bebb & ,cassiodorus urg$ ^? monks ^: duty x 0 to t5d ! sick to read a numb] ( /&>d m$ical works4#bebc ,i sometimes wond] if too mu* att5tion has n be5 giv5 to m$ieval writ+ & too little to m$ieval read+1 ( :i* s mu* m$ieval writ+1 9 ,lat9 at lea/1 is little m ?an a reflection4 ,we get _! image1 fa9t p]haps & p>tial2 b !y _h ! real object4 ,x has be5 assum$ by "s mod]n s*ol>s t m$ieval writ]s _h usually n read ! works1 especially ( classical antiquity1 :i* !y pr(ess to cite & quote1 b reli$ l>gely ^u an?ologies & florilegia4 ,9 ! case ( v>i\s lat] m$ieval au?ors we %all h occasion to discuss ?is "q fur!r4 ,= ! pres5t ,i may say t 9 go+ ?r\gh ! catalogues ( collections ( m$ieval manuscripts ,i h notic$ few florilegia or an?ologies f ! classics 9 m$ieval ,lat9 manuscripts1--p]haps ,byzant9e ones f ,greek lit]ature are m common--& few inde$ comp>$ to ! numb] ( manuscripts ( ! old ,lat9 writ]s !mselves4 ,we owe ! v pres]vation ( ! ,lat9 classics to m$ieval scribes :o copi$ !m 9 ! n9? & t5? c5turies2 :y d5y t !y read !m8 ,lat9 florilegia ( any sort d n exi/ 9 impressive numb]s1 b o!r k9ds are z (t5 met ) z are ^? f classic poets or prose writ]s1 = in/ance1 selections f ! *ur* fa!rs !mselves4 ,on ! :ole1 ! impression ,i h receiv$ is t ^? au?ors includ$ 9 florilegia1 commonplace books1 & o!r manuscripts made up ( miscellane\s extracts1 7 likewise ! au?ors mo/ read 9 toto4 ,i am !re=e incl9$ to reg>d ! florilegia z a pro( t ! au?ors includ$ 7 read r ?an t !y 7 n4 ,b f extant ,lat9 manuscripts "o gets ! impression t ! :ole matt] ( florilegia is ( v slight importance1 & t ! !ory hi!rto bas$ ^u !m is a survival ( ! prejudice ( ! classical r5aissance aga9/ 8! d>k ages40 ,sid5ote3 ,influ5ce ( ! works ( ,boe?ius4 ,at any rate1 h[ev] scanty m$ieval libr>ies may h be51 !y 7 apt to include a copy ( ,! ,consolation ( ,philosophy1 & h[ev] little read "s ( _! volumes may h be51 its pages 7 c]ta9ly well ?umb$4 ,li/s ( its comm5tators1 translators1 & imitators1 & o!r indications ( its va/ m$ieval influ5ce may be f\nd 9 ,peip]'s edition4#bebd ,o!r writ+s ( ,boe?ius 7 also well kn[n 9 ! middle ages & increas$ 8 reputation !n4 ,8 translations & comm5t>ies ^u ! ,ari/otelian logical treatises#bebe are ( c\rse ( great importance 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ieval s*ola/icism4 ,8 translations & adaptations ( ,greek treatises 9 ari?metic1 geometry1 & music occupy a simil> place 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ieval ma!matical /udies4#bebf ,inde$1 8 treatise on music is said to h 8cont9u$ to be ! /aple requisite = ! musical degree at ,ox=d until f> into ! eighte5? c5tury40#bebg ,! "w on ! ,tr9ity & "s o!r !ological tracts1 attribut$ to ,boe?ius by ,cassiodorus & ?r\gh ! middle ages1 are n[ aga9 accept$ z g5u9e by mod]n s*ol>s & place ,boe?ius' ,*ri/ianity beyond "q4#bebh ,sid5ote3 ,8 relation to antiquity & middle ages4 ,boe?ius has (t5 be5 reg>d$ z a la/ repres5tative ( ,roman /atesman%ip & ( classical civilization4 ,8 def5se ( ,roman prov9cials aga9/ ! gre$ ( ! ,go?s1 8 /& ev5 unto dea? aga9/ ,!odoric on behalf ( ! rights ( ! ,roman s5ate & p1 8 pres]vation ?r\gh translation ( ! le>n$ treatises ( expir+ antiquity1 & ! almo/ classical ,lat9 /yle & num]\s allusions to pagan my?ology ( ,! ,consolation ( ,philosophy3--all ^! comb9e to support ?is view4 ,b ! middle ages also made ,boe?ius _! own1 & sev]al po9ts may be not$ 9 :i* ,! ,consolation ( ,philosophy 9 p>ticul> =e%ad[$ _! attitude & pr(\ndly influ5c$ !m4 ,bo? a ,*ri/ian & a classici/1 bo? a !ologian & a philosoph]1 ,boe?ius set a /&>d :i* subsequ5t ?\ght 0 to foll[ = a long "t4 ,! v =m ( 8 "w1 a dialogue "p 9 prose & "p 9 v]se1 rema9$ a m$ieval favorite4 ,& ! fact t ?is six? c5tury au?or ( a "w on ! ,tr9ity consol$ 8 la/ h\rs ) a "w 9 :i* ,*ri/ & ! ,tr9ity are n m5tion$1 b :]e ,phoebus is (t5 nam$ & :]e ,philosophy is ! au?or's sole int]locutor3--?is fact1 comb9$ ) ,boe?ius' great m$ieval popul>ity1 gave p]petual lic5se to ^? m$ieval writ]s :o *ose to discuss philosophy & !ology z sep>ate subjects & f di/9ct po9ts ( view4 ,! great m$ieval influ5ce ( ,ari/otle & ,plato1 & 9 p>ticul> ( ! latt]'s ,timaeus1 also is already manife/ 9 ,! ,consolation ( ,philosophy4 ,ari/otle1 x is true1 appe>s to be incorrectly cr$it$ by ,boe?ius ) ! ass]tion t ! eye ( ! lynx c see ?r\gh solid objects1#bebi b ?is ascription ( spuri\s /atem5ts to ! ,/agirite also corresponds to ! attribution ( entire spuri\s treatises to him lat] 9 ! middle ages4 ,sid5ote3 ,attitude to ! />s4 ,( ! ways 9 :i* ,! ,consolation ( ,philosophy influ5c$ m$ieval ?\ght t :i* is mo/ g]mane to our inve/igation is its attitude t[>d ! />s & ! problem ( fate & free w4 ,! heav5ly bodies are app>5tly ev] pres5t 9 ,boe?ius' ?\ght 9 ?is "w1 & especially 9 ! poetical int]ludes he keeps m5tion+ ,phoebus1 ! moon1 ! univ]se1 ! sky1 & ! />ry con/ellations4 ,p] ardua ad a/ra 0 a true say+ = ^? la/ days 9 :i* he solac$ 8 disgrace & pa9 ) philosophy4 ,x is by contemplation ( ! heav5s t he raises 8 ?\ght to l(ty philosophic reflection2 8 m9d may don swift w+s & fly f> above e>?ly ?+s 8,until x rea*es />ry mansions ,& jo9s pa?s ) ,phoebus40#becj ,he loves to ?9k ( ,god z rul+ ! univ]se by p]petual reason & c]ta9 ord]1 z s[+ />s 9 ! sky1 z b9d+ ! elem5ts by numb]1 z ,himself immovable1 yet revolv+ ! sph]es & decree+ natural ev5ts 9 a fix$ s]ies4#beca ,! attitude is l t ( ! ,timaeus & ,ari/otle's ,metaphysics1 closely associat+ a/ronomy & !ology1 favorable to belief 9 a/rology1 9 support ( :i* lat] s*ola/ic writ]s cite ,boe?ius4 ,sid5ote3 ,fate & free w4 ,we may fur!r note ! ma9 po9ts 9 ,boe?ius' argum5t conc]n+ fate & free w1 provid5ce & pr$e/9ation1#becb :i* 0 (t5 cit$ by lat] writ]s4 ,he decl>es t all g5]ation & *ange & movem5t proce$ f ! div9e m9d or ,provid5ce1#becc :ile fate is ! regul> arrangem5t inh]5t 9 movable objects by :i* div9e provid5ce is realiz$4#becd ,fate may be ex]cis$ ?r\gh spirits1 angelic or daemonic1 ?r\gh ! s\l or ?r\gh ! aid ( all nature or 8by ! cele/ial motion ( ! />s40#bece ,x is ) ! la/ t ,boe?ius seems mo/ incl9$ to id5tify fati s]ies mobilis4 8,t s]ies moves sky & />s1 h>monizes ! elem5ts "o ) ano!r1 & trans=ms !m f "o to ano!r40 ,m ?an t1 8,x con/ra9s human =tunes 9 an indissoluble *a9 ( causes1 :i*1 s9ce x />ts f ! decree ( immovable ,provid5ce1 mu/ ne$s itself also be immutable40#becf ,boe?ius1 h[ev]1 does n believe 9 a complete fatalism1 a/rological or o!rwise4 ,he holds t no?+ escapes div9e provid5ce1 to :i* !re is no di/9ction betwe5 pa/1 pres5t1 & future4#becg ,z ! human reason c conceive univ]sals1 al?\gh s5se & imag9ation are able to deal only ) p>ticul>s1 s ! div9e m9d c =esee ! future z well z ! pres5t4 ,b !re are "s ?+s :i* are "u div9e provid5ce b :i* are n subject to fate4#bech ,div9e provid5ce imposes no fatal necessity ^u ! human w1 :i* is free to *oose its c\rse4#beci ,! _w ( nature1 h[ev]1 exi/+ )\t w or reason ( its own1 con=ms absolutely to ! fatal s]ies provid$ = x4 ,z = *ance1 ,boe?ius agrees ) ,ari/otle's ,physics t !re is really no su* ?+1 b t :at is commonly ascrib$ to *ance really results f an unexpect$ co9cid5ce ( causes1 z :5 a man pl[+ a field f9ds a treasure :i* ano!r has buri$ !re4#bedj ,?us ,boe?ius ma9ta9s ! co-exi/5ce ( ! fatal s]ies express$ 9 ! />s1 div9e provid5ce1 & human free w1 a !sis likely to reassure ,*ri/ians incl9$ to a/rology :o _h be5 some:at di/urb$ by ! fulm9ations ( ! fa!rs aga9/ ! g5e?liaci1 j z 8 con/ant rhapsodiz+ ov] ! />s & heav5s w\ld lead !m to reg>d ! sci5ce ( ! />s z second only to div9e wor%ip4 ,inde$1 8 position 0 ! usual "o 9 ! subsequ5t middle ages4 ,sid5ote3 ,music ( ! />s & univ]se4 ,! />s also come into ,boe?ius' treatise on music1 :]e "o ( ! ?ree v>ieties ( music is describ$ z mundane1 :]e ! music ( ! sph]es is decl>$ to exi/ al?\gh inaudible to u1 & :]e ea* planet is connect$ ) a musical *ord4 ,plato is quot$ z hav+ said1 n 9 va91 t ! _w s\l is comp\nd$ ( musical h>mony1 & x is affirm$ t ! f\r diff]5t & contr>y elem5ts c\ld nev] be unit$ 9 "o sy/em unless "s h>mony jo9$ !m4#beda ,sid5ote3 ,isidore ( ,seville4 ,isidore 0 born ab\t #efj or #egj1 became bi%op ( ,seville 9 #eii or #fjj1 & di$ 9 ! ye> #fcf4 ,al?\gh m5tion %\ld p]haps be made ( 8 brief] ,de natura r]um1#bedb a treatise d$icat$ to ,k+ ,sisebut :o reign$ f #fab to #fbj1 ,isidore's *ief "w f our /&po9t is ! ,etymologiae4#bedc ,8 fri5d1 bi%op ,braulio1 writ+ aft] ,isidore's dea?1 says t he _h left unf9i%$ ! copy ( ?is "w :i* he made at 8 reque/1 b ?is 0 app>5tly a second edition1 s9ce 9 a lett] writt5 to ,isidore probably 9 #fcj1 ,braulio speaks ( copies z already 9 circulation1 al?\gh he describes _! text z corrupt & abbreviat$4 ,b app>5tly ! "w _h be5 compos$ sev5 ye>s be=e ?is4#bedd ,! ,etymologies 0 und\bt$ly a "w ( great importance & influ5ce 9 ! middle ages1 b "o %\ld n be l$1 z "s writ]s h be51 into exagg]at$ praise ( ,isidore's erudition on ?is acc\nt4#bede ,= ! "w's importance consi/s *iefly 9 %[+ h[ scanty 0 ! k ( ! e>ly middle ages4 ,its influ5ce also w\ld seem n to h be5 entirely b5eficial1 s9ce writ]s cont9u$ to cite x z an au?ority z late z ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :5 x might h be5 expect$ to h outliv$ its usefulness4 ,we suspect t x prov$ too h&y & conv5i5t & t5d$ to enc\rage intellectual laz9ess & /agnation m ?an any an?ology ( lit]>y quotations did4 ,arevalus li/$ t5 pr9t$ editions ( x be=e #aebg1 %[+ t x 0 z popul> 9 ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance z 9 ! middle ages4 ,sid5ote3 ,me?od ( ! ,etymologies4 ,! ,etymologies is little m ?an a diction>y1 9 :i* words are n li/$ alphabetically b "u subjects ) an av]age ( f "o to a half doz5 l9es ( d]ivation & def9ition = ea* t]m4 ,! me?od is1 z ,brehaut well says1 8to treat ea* subject by 444 def9+ ! t]ms belong+ to x40#bedf ,pursu+ ?is me?od1 ,isidore treats ( v>i\s arts & sci5ces1 human int]e/s & natural ph5om5a3 ! sev5 lib]al arts1 m$ic9e1 & law2 *ronology & bibliography2 ! *ur*1 religion1 & !ology2 ! /ate & family1 physiology1 zoology1 botany1 m9]alogy1 geography1 & a/ronomy2 ar*itecture & agriculture2 w> & sport2 arms & armor2 %ips & co/ume & v>i\s ut5sils ( dome/ic life4 ,su* is ! classification :i* lat] m$ieval writ]s 7 to adopt or adapt r ?an ! arrangem5t foll[$ 9 ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,isidore's association ( words & def9itions "u topics makes an approa*1 at lea/1 to ! articles ( encyclop$ias3 sometimes !re is a brief discussion ( ! g5]al topic be=e ! p>ticul> t]ms & names are consid]$2 sometimes !re are *ronological tables1 family trees1 or li/s ( signs & abbreviations4 ,9 %ort1 ,isidore =ms a connect+ l9k betwe5 ,pl9y & ! encyclop$i/s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,its s\rces4 ,9 a prefatory ^w to ,braulio ,isidore describes ! ,etymologies z a collection made f 8 recollection & notes ( old au?ors1#bedg ( :om he cites a l>ge numb] 9 ! c\rse ( ! "w4 ,x has be5 suspect$ t "s ( ^! writ]s 7 kn[n to ,isidore only at second or ?ird h&2 at any rate he has n made a v discrim9at+ selection f _! works & he has be5 accus$ m ?an once ( n cle>ly und]/&+ :at he tri$ to abridge4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,isidore seems to me to display a notable p[] ( brief g5]alization1 ( t]se expression & tell+ use ( words4 ,we %\ld n h to g back to ! middle ages = textbook writ]s :o h writt5 m & said less4 ,?is p[] ( cond5s$ expression probably acc\nts = ,isidore's be+ s mu* cit$4 ,_m ( ! d]ivations propos$ = words are s pat5tly absurd t we w\ld fa9 ascribe !m to ,isidore's own p]v]se +5uity1 b x is d\btful if he possess$ ev5 t mu* orig9ality1 & !y are probably all tak5 f classical gramm>ians su* z ,v>ro4#bedh ,isidore1 h[ev]1 /ill displays a consid]able k ( ! ,greek language4 ,& aga9 x may be said 9 excuse ( ,isidore & 8 s\rces t ! absurd etymologies are usually propos$ 9 ! case ( words ^: d]ivation is /ill problematic4 ,9 ! passages deal+ ) natural ph5om5a & sci5ce ,isidore borr[s *iefly f ,pl9y & ,sol9us1 sometimes f ,dioscorides1 giv+ u a fa9t adumbration ( _! mu* full] confusion ( sci5ce & sup]/ition4 ,occasionally bits ( in=mation or mis9=mation are borr[$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! *ur* fa!rs4 ,a "w ( ,gal51 = in/ance1 is cit$#bedi ?r\gh ! lett] ( ,j]ome to ,furia aga9/ wid[s rem>ry+4 ,gal51 inde$1 is seldom m5tion$ by ,isidore :o draws 8 unusually brief f\r? book on m$ic9e *iefly f ,caelius ,aurelianus4#beej ,sid5ote3 ,natural m>vels4 ,9 8 treatm5t ( ?+s 9 nature ,isidore seldom gives _! m$ic9al prop]ties z ,pl9y does1 & ?is r$uces correspond+ly ! am\nt ( space devot$ to m>vel\s virtues4 ,inde$1 ( ! tw5ty books ( ! ,etymologies b "o is devot$ to animals o!r ?an man1 "o to vegetation :i* is comb9$ 9 ! same book ) agriculture1 & "o to metals & m9]als4 ,! book on animals is ! longe/ & is subdivid$ "u ! topics ( dome/ic animals1 wild bea/s1 m9ute animals1 s]p5ts1 worms1 fi%1 birds1 & m9ute fly+ creatures4 ,isidore also t5ds to ascribe m m>vel\s virtues to animals ?an to plants or /ones4 ,f ,pl9y & ,sol9us are repeat$ ! tales ( ! basilisk1 e*5eis1 & ! l1#beea :ile ,augu/9e's ,comm5t>y on ! ,psalms is cit$ = ! /ory ( ! asp resi/+ ! incantations ( its *>m]s by lay+ "o e> to ! gr\nd & /opp+ up ! o!r e> ) ! end ( its tail4#beeb ,on ! o!r h&1 ,isidore omits ,pl9y's sup]/iti\s ass]tions conc]n+ ! riv] tortoise & gives only 8 criticism t ! /atem5t t %ips move m sl[ly if !y h ! foot ( a tortoise abo>d is incr$ible4#beec ,ev5 9 ! books on m9]als & vegetation we /ill he> ( animal m>vels3#beed h[ ! color+ matt]1 c9nab>1 is compos$ ( ! blood %$ by ! dragon 9 its dea? /ruggle ) ! elephant1 h[ ! fi]ce/ bulls gr[ tame "u ! ,egyptian fig-tree1 h[ swall[s re/ore ! sight ( _! "y ) ! swall[-wort1 or ( ! use ( f5nel & rue by ! snake & weasel respectively1 ! =m] ta/+ f5nel to enable him to %$ 8 old sk91 & ! latt] eat+ rue to make him immune f v5om 9 fight+ ! snake4 ,all ^! items1 too1 are f ,pl9y4 ,sid5ote3 ,isidore is r less hospitable to sup]/ition ?an ,pl9y4 ,b on ! :ole ,i %\ld e/imate t ,isidore conta9s less sup]/iti\s matt] ev5 proportionally to 8 meag] cont5t ?an ,pl9y does 9 connection ) ! virtues ( animals1 plants1 & /ones4 ,9 discuss+ plants he says no?+ ( c]emonial pluck+ ( !m & he conta9s practically no traces ( agricultural magic4 ,he describes z a sup]/ition ( ! ,g5tiles ! notion t ! h]b scylla1 susp5d$ :ole at ! ?re%old1 drives away all evils4#beee ,he m5tions ! use ( m&ragora z an anae/hetic 9 surgical op]ations1 & rem>ks t its root is ( human =m1 b says no?+ ( its applications 9 magic4#beef ,9 8 discussion ( /ones he repeats aft] ,pl9y & ,sol9us ! m>vel\s virtues ascrib$ to a numb] ( !m1 b foll[s ,pl9y's me?od ( mak+ ! magicians responsible = ^! ass]tions or ( ins]t+ a ^w ( caution su* z 8if ?is is to be believ$0 ) ea* /atem5t4 ,f9ally he introduces toge!r a numb] ( cases ( m>vel\s p[]s ascrib$ to /ones ) ! introduction1 8,!re are c]ta9 gems employ$ by ! ,g5tiles 9 _! sup]/itions40#beeg ,sid5ote3 ,port5ts4 ,isidore li/s a numb] ( my?ical mon/]s z well z cases ( port5t\s bir?s 9 ! ?ird *apt]1 ,de port5tis1 ( 8 elev5? book4 ,he !re affirms t ,god sometimes wi%es to signify future ev5ts by means ( mon/r\s bir?s z well z by dreams & oracles1 & decl>es t ?is 8has be5 prov$ by num]\s exp]i5ces40#beeh ,sid5ote3 ,words & numb]s4 ,brehaut is impress$ by ,isidore's 8confid5ce 9 words10 :i* he ?9ks 8really am\nt$ to a belief1 /rong ?\gh p]haps some:at in>ticulate1 t words 7 transc5d5tal entities40#beei ,isidore's fai? 9 ! p[] ( words does n seem1 h[ev]1 to h l$ him to recomm5d ! use ( any incantations2 he 0 cont5t ) etymologies & allegorical int]pretation4 ,he 0 also a great believ] 9 ! my/ic significance ( numb]s & wrote a sep>ate treatise ^u ^? numb]s :i* occur 9 ! sacr$ ,scriptures4 ,9 ! ,etymologies1 too1 he m ?an once dwells ^u ! p]fection ( c]ta9 numb]s4 ,we h already he>d h[ p]fect mo/ ( ! numb]s up to twelve are1 b ?is is our fir/ opportunity to he> ! ,py?agorean me?od appli$ to ! numb] tw5ty-two4 ,h[ev]1 ,isidore is n ! fir/ to d ?is2 he is1 inde$1 simply quot+ "o ( ! fa!rs1 ,epiphanius4#befj 8,! modius is s-call$ because x is ( p]fect mode4 ,= ?is measure conta9s =ty-f\r p\nds1 t is1 tw5ty-two sext>ii4 ,& ! reason = ?is numb] is t 9 ! beg9n+ ,god p]=m$ tw5ty-two works4 ,= on ! fir/ day ,he made sev5 works1 namely1 un=m$ matt]1 angels1 light1 ! upp] heav5s1 e>?1 wat]1 & air4 ,on ! second day only "o "w1 ! firmam5t4 ,on ! ?ird day f\r ?+s3 ! seas1 se$s1 grass1 & trees4 ,on ! f\r? day ?ree ?+s3 sun & moon & />s4 ,on ! fif? day ?ree3 fi% & aquatic reptiles & fly+ creatures4 ,on ! six? day f\r3 bea/s1 dome/ic animals1 l& reptiles1 & man4 ,& all tw5ty-two k9ds 7 made 9 six days4#befa ,& !re are tw5ty-two g5]ations f ,adam to ,jacob4444 ,& tw5ty-two books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4444 ,& !re are tw5ty-two lett]s f :i* ! doctr9e ( ! div9e law is compos$4 ,!re=e 9 accordance ) ^! examples ! modius ( tw5ty-two sext>ii 0 e/abli%$ by ,moses foll[+ ! measure ( sacr$ law4 ,& al?\gh v>i\s peoples h add$ some?+ to or ignorantly subtract$ some?+ f its weight1 x is div9ely pres]v$ among ! ,hebrews = su* reasons40 ,) su* m5tal magic & pi\s 8ari?metic10 z ,isidore's fri5d ,braulio call$ x1 might ! ,*ri/ian attempt to sate ! inh]it$ ?ir/ )9 him = ! op]ative magic & pagan div9ation 9 :i* 8 consci5ce & *ur* no long] all[$ him to indulge4 ,sid5ote3 ,hi/ory ( magic4 ,isidore's *apt] on ! ,magi or magicians1 :i* occurs 9 8 eigh? book on ! *ur* & div]s sects1 is a notable "o1 ( ^: great future influ5ce we %all pres5tly speak4 ,8 own borr[+ "h is only 9 small "p f ,pl9y's fam\s passage on ! same !me4 ,on su* a subject ,isidore naturally has rec\rse ma9ly to ,*ri/ian writ]s3 ,augu/9e1 ,j]ome1 ,lactantius1 ,t]tullian4 ,f ! occasional simil>ity ( 8 word+ to ^! au?ors x seems fairly c]ta9 t 8 acc\nt is a pat*work f _! works1 & ! context is too ,*ri/ian to h be5 drawn 9 toto f "s ,roman encyclop$i/ n[ lo/ to u4 ,p]haps ! mo/ notewor?y po9t ab\t ,isidore's *apt] is t he has made magic & magicians ! g5]al & inclusive head "u :i* he pres5tly li/s v>i\s o!r m9or occult arts & _! practition]s = sep>ate def9ition4 ,b fir/ we h a long] discussion1 ?\gh long only by comp>ison1 ( magic 9 g5]al4 ,its hi/ory is sket*$2 ,zoroa/] & ,democritus1 z 9 ,pl9y1 are m5tion$ z its f\nd]s1 b x is n =gott5 t ! bad angels 7 really responsible = its dissem9ation4 ,f ! fir/ ,isidore id5tifies magic & div9ation2 aft] /at+ t ! magic arts ab\nd$ among ! ,assyrians1 he quotes a passage f ,lucan :i* speaks ( ! preval5ce ( liv] div9ation1 augury1 div9ation f ?und]1 & a/rology 9 ,assyria4 ,also ! magic arts are said to h prevail$ ov] ! :ole _w = _m c5turies ?r\gh _! pr$iction ( ! future & invocation ( ! dead4 ,brief allusion is fur!r made to ,moses & ,ph>aoh's magicians1 to ! invocation ( ,samuel by ! wit* ( ,endor1 to ,circe & ! comrades ( ,ulysses1 & to sev]al o!r passages 9 classical lit]ature an5t magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,def9ition ( magic4 ,next comes a =mal def9ition ( ! ,magi4 ,!y are 8^? :o are popul>ly call$ malefici or sorc]]s on acc\nt ( ! magnitude 7a *>act]i/ic bit ( d]ivation7 ( _! crimes4 ,!y agitate ! elem5ts1 di/urb m5's m9ds1 & slay m]ely by =ce ( incantation )\t any poison$ draught4 ,h5ce ,lucan writes1 #8,! m9d1 ?\gh pollut$ by no v5om ( poison$ draught1 p]i%es by en*antm5t4'#befb ,=1 summon+ demons1 !y d>e to "w _! magic s t anyone may kill 8 enemies by evil arts4 ,!y also use blood & victims & sometimes corpses48 ,aft] ?is v unfavorable1 al?\gh suffici5tly cr$ul\s1 def9ition ( magic1 :i* is repres5t$ z seek+ ! wor/ ends by ! wor/ means1 ,isidore goes on to li/ & briefly def9e a numb] ( subord9ate or k9dr$ occult arts4 ,fir/ come necromanc]s2 !n hydromancy1 geomancy1 a]omancy1 & pyromancy2 next div9]s1 ^? employ+ incantations1 arioli1 aruspices1 augurs1 auspices1 py?ones1 a/rolog]s & _! cognates1 ! g5e?liaci & ma!matici1 :o z ,isidore notes are spok5 ( 9 ! ,gospel z ,magi1 & horoscopi4 0,sortilegi are ^? :o pr(ess ! sci5ce ( div9ation "u ! pret5d$ guise ( religion ?r\gh c]ta9 devices call$ sortes sanctorum & pr$ict by inspection ( c]ta9 scriptures40 ,salisatores are ^? :o pr$ict f ! j]ks ( _! limbs4 ,to ?is li/ ( magic arts ,isidore adds 9 ! words ( ,augu/9e all ligatures & susp5sions1 incantations & *>act]s1 :i* ! art ( m$ic9e condemns & :i* are simply ! "w ( ! devil4 ,) m5tion ( ! orig9 ( augury among ! ,phrygians1 ! discov]y ( prae/igium :i* deceives ! eye by ,m]cury1 & ! revelation ( aruspic9a by ,tagus to ! ,etruscans1 ,isidore closes ! *apt]4 ,"s ( its items w be f\nd aga9 9 8 ,de diff]5tiis v]borum1#befc li/$ "u ! appropriate lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,x may also be not$ t he briefly treats ( trans=mations work$ by magic 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( ! elev5? book ( ! ,etymologies4 ,sid5ote3 ,future influ5ce ( ,isidore's acc\nt ( magic4 ,we turn to ! future influ5ce ( ?is acc\nt ( magic :i* seems to h be5 fir/ pat*$ toge!r by ,isidore4 ,juiceless z x is1 x seems to h become a sort ( /ock or /]eotyp$ treatm5t ( ! subject ) succe$+ ,*ri/ian writ]s d[n into ! twelf? c5tury4 ,some:at alt]$ by omission ( poetical quotations or ! ins]tion ( transitional s5t5ces1 x 0 o!rwise copi$ almo/ ^w = ^w by ,rabanus ,maurus 7ab\t #ghd to #hef71 9 8 ,de consangu9eorum nuptiis et de magorum prae/igiis falsisque div9ationibus tractatus1 & by ,bur*>d ( ,worms & ,ivo ( ,*>tres 7di$ #aaae7 9 _! respective collections ( ,decreta1 :ile ,h9cm> ( ,rheims 9 8 ,de divortio ,lo?>ii et ,tetb]gae copi$ x ) m omissions4#befd ,x 0 also 9 sub/ance reta9$ 9 ! ,decretum ( ,gratian 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 :51 too1 ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor probably made use ( x & ,john ( ,salisbury made x ! basis ( 8 full] discussion ( ! subject4 ,isidore's acc\nt ( magic1 l 8 discussion ( _m o!r topics1 s\nds z if he _h ceas$ ?9k+ on ! subject1 & x mu/ h meant /ill less to ^? :o copi$ x4 ,john ( ,salisbury is ! fir/ ( !m to put any life into ! subject & give u any assurance t su* arts 7 /ill practic$ 9 8 day4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 o!r evid5ce t magic cont9u$ to be practic$ 9 ! int]val4 ,& su* practices z ! sortes sanctorum1 ?\gh includ$ 9 ,isidore's /ock def9ition ( magic1 7 probably n g5]ally reg>d$ z repreh5sible4#befe ,sid5ote3 ,attitude to a/rology4 ,isidore's repetition ( ! views ( ! fa!rs conc]n+ demons is s brief & trite#beff t we ne$ n fur!r notice x1 b turn to 8 attitude t[>d a/rology4 ,we h j he>d him associate a/rolog]s ) practition]s ( ! magic arts1 b 9 8 ?ird book 9 discuss+ ! quadrivium he /ates t a/rology is only p>tly sup]/iti\s & p>tly a natural sci5ce4 ,! sup]/iti\s v>iety is t pursu$ by ! ma!matici :o augur ! future f ! />s1 assign ! p>ts ( ! s\l & body to ! signs ( ! zodiac1 & try to pr$ict ! nativities & *>act]s ( m5 f ! c\rse ( ! />s4 ,su* sup]/itions 8are )\t d\bt contr>y to our fai?2 ,*ri/ians %\ld s ignore !m t !y %all n ev5 appe> to h be5 writt540 ,ma!sis1 or ! attempt to pr$ict future ev5ts f ! />s1 is d5\nc$1 accord+ to ,isidore1 8n only by doctors ( ! ,*ri/ian religion b also ( ! ,g5tiles1--,plato1 ,ari/otle1 & o!rs40 ,isidore also /ates t !re is a di/9ction betwe5 a/ronomy & a/rology1 b :at x is1 especially betwe5 a/ronomy & natural a/rology1 he fails to elucidate4#befg ,sid5ote3 ,9 ! ,de natura r]um4 ,9 ! preface to 8 ,de natura r]um1 :i* deals *iefly ) a/ronomical & meteorological ph5om5a1 ,isidore ass]ts t 8x is n sup]/iti\s sci5ce to "k ! nature ( ^! ?+s1 if only !y are consid]$ f ! /&po9t ( sane & sob] doctr9e40 ,he also /ates t 8 treatise is a brief sket* ( :at has be5 writt5 by ! m5 ( old & especially 9 ! works ( ,ca?olics4 ,9 x "s ( ! /ock que/ions :i* gave difficulty to ,*ri/ian sci5ti/s are briefly discuss$1 = in/ance1 8,conc]n+ ! wat]s :i* are above ! heav5s10 & 8,:e!r ! />s h s\ls80#befh ,isidore rejects z 8absurd fictions0 imag9$ by ! /upidity ( ! ,g5tiles _! nam+ ! days ( ! week f ! planets1 8because by ! same !y ?\ght t "s effect 0 produc$ 9 !mselves1 say+ t f ! sun !y receiv$ ! _s1 f ! moon ! body1 f ,m]cury spee* & wisdom1 f ,v5us pleasure1 f ,m>s ardor1 f ,jupit] temp]ance1 f ,saturn sl[ness40#befi ,yet lat] 9 ! same treatise we f9d him say+ t ev]y?+ 9 nature gr[s & increases accord+ to ! wax+ & wan+ ( ! moon4#begj ,moreov]1 he calls ,saturn a cold /> & expla9s t ! planets are call$ errantia1 n because !y w&] !mselves b because !y cause m5 to err4#bega ,he also describes man z a microcosm4#begb ,l mo/ ecclesia/ical writ]s1 no matt] h[ ho/ile !y may be to a/rolog]s1 he is ready to ass]t t comets signify political revolutions1 w>s1 & pe/il5ces4#begc ,9 ! ,etymologies he n only attributes racial & temp]am5tal diff]5ces among ! peoples ( diff]5t regions to 8=ce ( ! />0#begd & 8div]sity ( ! sky10#bege phrases :i* seem to imply a/rological influ5ce r ?an ! m]e influ5ce ( climate 9 our s5se4 ,he also enc\rages a/rological m$ic9e :5 he says t ! doctor %\ld "k a/ronomy1 s9ce human bodies *ange ) ! qualities ( ! />s & ! *ange ( times4#begf ,isidore might z well h tak5 ! planets z signs 9 ! a/rological s5se z h ascrib$ to !m ! absurd allegorical significance 9 passages ( ,scripture t he did4 ,he /ates t ! moon is sometimes to be tak5 z a symbol ( ?is _w1 sometimes z ! *ur*1 :i* is illum9at$ by ,*ri/ z ! moon receives its light f ! sun1 & :i* has sev5 m]itori\s graces correspond+ to ! sev5 =ms ( ! moon4#begg ,sid5ote3 ,b$e's scanty sci5ce4 ,! sci5tific acquisitions ( ,b$e h too (t5 be5 ref]r$ to 9 exagg]at$ t]ms4 ,%>on ,turn] said ( him1 8,he collect$ & taught m natural tru?s ) few] errors ?an any ,roman book on ! same subjects _h accompli%$4 ,?us 8 "w displays an advance1 n a retrogradation ( human k2 & f its judici\s selection & conc5tration ( ! be/ natural philosophy ( ! ,roman ,empire x does high cr$it to ! ,anglo-,saxon good s5se40#begh ,dr4 ,r4 ,l4 ,poole m mod]ately says ( ,b$e1 8,he %[s an ext5t ( k 9 classical lit]ature & natural sci5ce entirely unrivall$ 9 8 own day & probably n surpass$ = _m g5]ations to come40#begi ,b$e p]haps knew m natural sci5ce ?an anyone else ( 8 "t1 b if s1 ! o!rs mu/ h kn[n practically no?+2 8 k c 9 no s5se be call$ ext5sive4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 we h evid5ce t 8 extremely brief & elem5t>y treatises 9 ?is field 7 n full en\gh to satisfy ev5 8 contempor>ies4 ,9 ! preface to 8 ,de temporum ratione#behj he says t previ\sly he _h compos$ two treatises1 ,de natura r]um & ,de ratione temporum1 9 brief /yle z he ?\ght fitt+ = pupils1 b t :5 he began to tea* !m to "s ( ! bre?r51 !y object$ t !y 7 r$uc$ to a mu* brief] =m ?an !y wi%$1 especially ! ,de temporibus1 :i* ,b$e n[ proce$s to revise & amplify4 ,x is notewor?y t 9 ord] to fulfill ! monks' desire = a full] treatm5t ( ! subject he f\nd x necess>y to d "s fur!r read+ 9 ! fa!rs4 ,9 addition to ,b$e's own /atem5t ( 8 aim1 ! frequ5cy ) :i* we f9d manuscripts ( e>ly date#beha ( ! ,de natura r]um & ,de temporibus sugge/s t !y 7 employ$ z text-books 9 ! mona/ic s*ools ( ! e>ly middle ages4 ,z ! ,c>ol+ian poet express$ x1 ,b$a dei famulus no/ri didasculus evi ,falce pia sophie vet]um sata lata p]agrans4 ,sid5ote3 ,b$e's ,de natura r]um4 ,( ,b$e's ,hexaem]on we spoke 9 an e>li] *apt]4 ,8 *ief extant g5u9e sci5tific treatise is ! a=esaid ,de natura r]um1#behb a v curtail$ discussion ( a/ronomy & meteorology4 ,x is v simil> to ,isidore's treatise ( ! same title1 b is ev5 brief]1 omitt+ = ! mo/ "p ! m5tion ( au?orities & ! ,biblical quotations & allegorical applications :i* make up a consid]able portion ( ,isidore's brief "w4 ,"o ( ! few au?orities :om ,b$e does cite is ,pl9y 9 a discussion ( ! circles ( ! planets4#behc ,l ,isidore he accepts comets z signs ( w> & political *ange1 ( tempe/s & pe/il5ce4#behd ,he also /ates t ! air is inhabit$ by evil spirits :o !re await ! worse torm5ts ( ! day ( judgm5t4#behe ,9 8 ,biblical comm5t>ies ,b$e briefly e*oes "s ( ! views ( ! fa!rs conc]n+ magic & demons1 = in/ance1 9 8 treatm5t ( ! wit* ( ,endor4#behf ,sid5ote3 ,div9ation by ?und]4 ,b$e also translat$ into ,lat9 a treatise on div9ation f ?und]1 p]haps f ! works ( ! six? c5tury ,greek writ]1 ,john ,lydus4 ,9 ! preface to ,h]efridus1 at ^: reque/ he _h und]tak5 ! translation1 he speaks ( x z a labori\s & dang]\s task1 sure to expose him to ! attacks ( ! invidi\s & detractors :o w p]haps ins9uate t he is possess$ ( an evil _s or is a practition] ( magic4 ,! ?ree *apt]s ( ! treatise give ! significance ( ?und] = ! f\r po9ts ( ! compass1 ! twelve mon?s ( ! ye>1 & ! sev5 days ( ! week4 ,= in/ance1 if ?und] arises 9 ! ea/1 accord+ to ! traditions ( subtle philosoph]s !re w be 9 ! c\rse ( t ye> copi\s effusion ( human blood4 ,ea* signification is introduc$ ) "s bomba/ic phraseology conc]n+ ! agile g5ius or sagaci\s inve/igation ( ! philosoph]s :o discov]$ x4#behg ,o!r tracts on div9ation :i* 7 attribut$ to ,b$e are probably spuri\s & w = ! mo/ "p be consid]$ lat] 9 connection ) o!r treatises ( ! same sort4#behh ,sid5ote3 ,riddles ( ,aldhelm4 ,"s int]e/ 9 & k ( natural sci5ce is display$ 9 ! metrical riddles#behi ( ,/4 ,aldhelm1 abbot ( ,malmesbury & bi%op ( ,%]borne1 :o di$ 9 #gji1 8! fir/ ,engli%man :o cultivat$ classical le>n+ ) any success & ! fir/ ( :om any lit]>y rema9s are pres]v$40 ,mo/ ( !m are conc]n$ ) animals1 su* z silkworms1 peacock1 salam&]1 bee1 swan1 lion1 o/ri*1 dove1 fi%1 basilisk1 camel1 eagle1 taxo1 beav]1 weasel1 swall[1 cat1 cr[1 unicorn1 m9otaur1 ,scylla1 & elephant2 or ) h]bs & trees1 su* z heliotrope1 pepp]1 nettles1 hellebore1 & palm2 or ) m9]als1 su* z salt1 adamant1 & magnet2 or ) t]re/rial & cele/ial ph5om5a1 su* z e>?1 w9d1 cl\d1 ra9b[1 moon1 ,pleiades1 ,arcturus1 ,lucif]1 & night4 ,!re is a close resemblance betwe5 "s ( ^! riddles & a score ( citations f an ,adhelmus made 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury by ,?omas ( ,cantimpr 9 8 ,de natura r]um4#beij ,pitra1#beia h[ev]1 sugge/$ t ! ,adhelmus cit$ by ,?omas ( ,cantimpr 0 a bro!r ( ,john ! ,scot ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,gregory's ,dialogues4 ,! total lack ( orig9ality & ! extremely abbreviat$ "* ( ! infrequ5t sci5tific writ+ 9 ! we/ is n1 h[ev]1 a fair example ( ! total ?\ght & writ+ ( e>ly m$ieval ,lat9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,:5 we turn to ! lives ( ! sa9ts1 to ! miracles record$ ( contempor>y monks & mission>ies1 we f9d t 9 ! field ( its own supreme int]e/s ! pi\s imag9ation ( ! "t c\ld display consid]able inv5tiv5ess & 0 by no means satisfi$ ) brief comp5diums f ! ,bible & e>li] ,fa!rs4 ,"h too ! sup]/ition & cr$ulity1 :i* _h be5 held back by fe> ( paganism 9 ! case ( natural & occult sci5ce1 ran luxuriant riot4 ,su* lit]ature lies r outside ! /rict field ( ?is inve/igation1 b x is s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ri/ian ?\ght ( ! p]iod t we may consid] "o prom95t specim51 ! ,dialogues ( ,gregory ! ,great1#beib pope f #eij to #fjd4 ,we %all suffici5tly illu/rate ! nature ( ?is f>rago ( pi\s folk-lore by a rsum ( ! cont5ts ( ! op5+ pages ( ! fir/ ( its f\r books4 ,we ne$ n dwell ^u ! importance ( ,gregory 9 ! hi/ory ( ! papacy1 ( mona/icism1 & ( patri/ic lit]ature1 fur!r ?an to emphasize ! po9t t s di/+ui%$1 influ5tial1 & = 8 times great1 a man %\ld h be5 capable ( writ+ su* a book4 ,simil> citations :i* might be multipli$ f o!r au?ors ( ! p]iod c\ld n add mu* =ce to ?is "o impressive in/ance ( ! nave pi\s cr$ulity & sup]/ition ( ! be/ ,*ri/ian m9ds ( t age4 ,n only 7 ! ,dialogues well kn[n ?r\gh\t ! m$ieval p]iod 9 ! ,lat9 read+ _w1 b !y 7 translat$ into ,greek at an e>ly date & 9 #ggi f t language into ,arabic1 :ile ,k+ ,alfr$ made an ,anglo-,saxon translation ( ! ,lat9 9 ! clos+ n9? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,signs & wond]s wr\ght by sa9ts4 ,9 ! ,dialogues ,gregory n>rates to ,pet] ! ,deacon "s ( ! virtues1 signs1 & m>vel\s works ( sa9tly m5 9 ,italy :i* he has le>n$ ei!r by p]sonal exp]i5ce or indirectly f ! /atem5ts ( good & tru/wor?y witnesses4 ,! fir/ /ory is ( ,honoratus1 ! son ( a colonus on a villa 9 ,samnium4 ,:5 ! lad ev9c$ 8 piety by ab/a9+ f meat at a banquet giv5 by 8 p>5ts1 !y ridicul$ him1 decl>+ t he w\ld f9d no fi% to eat 9 ^? m\nta9s4 ,b :5 ! s]vant pres5tly w5t out to draw "s wat]1 he p\r$ a fi% out ( ! pit*] ^u 8 return :i* provid$ ! boy ) en\gh food = ! entire day4 ,subsequ5tly ! lad 0 giv5 8 fre$om & f\nd$ a mona/]y on ! spot4 ,/ill lat] he sav$ ?is mona/]y f an imp5d+ avalan*e by frequ5t call+ ^u ! "n ( ,*ri/ & use ( ! sign ( ! cross4 ,by ^! means he /opp$ ! l&slide 9 mid-c\rse & ! rocks may /ill be se5 look+ z if !y 7 sure to fall4 ,sid5ote3 ,m monki% miracles4 ,a tale foll[s ( ,go?s :o /ole a monk's horse1 b f\nd !mselves unable to =ce _! own horses to cross ! next riv] to :i* !y came until !y _h re/or$ 8 horse to ! monk4 ,9 ano!r case :]e ,franks came to plund] ?is same monk1 he rema9$ invisible to !m4 ,?is same monk 0 a disciple ( ! a=e-m5tion$ ,honoratus & once rais$ a woman's *ild f ! dead by plac+ ^u its brea/ an old %oe ( 8 ma/] :i* he *]i%$ z a s\v5ir4 ,?us he contriv$ to satisfy ! "m's plead+ & at ! same "t pres]ve 8 own mode/y & humility4 ,gregory does n d\bt t ! woman's fai? also contribut$ to ! miracle4 ,gregory adds1 h[ev]1 t he ?9ks ! virtue ( pati5ce great] ?an signs & miracles & tells ano!r /ory ( ! same monk to illu/rate t virtue4 ,sid5ote3 ,a mona/ic snake-*>m]4 ,we may pass on1 h[ev]1 to ! ?ird *apt] :i* conta9s a /ory ( ! g>d5] ( a mona/]y :o set a snake to cat* a ?ief :o _h made depr$ations ^u ! g>d51 adjur+ ! snake z foll[s3 8,9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,i comm& y to gu>d ?is approa* & n p]mit ! ?ief to ent] "h40 ,! s]p5t ob$i5tly /ret*$ its l5g? across ! pa?1 & :5 ! g>d5] return$ lat]1 he f\nd ! ?ief hang+ head fir/ f ! h$ge1 9 :i* 8 foot _h caught z he 0 climb+ ov] x & _h be5 surpris$ by ! sight ( ! s]p5t4 ,! monk ( c\rse !n freely gave ! ?ief :at he _h come to /eal1 b also ( c\rse gave him a brief moral lecture :i* 0 p]haps less welcome4 ,sid5ote3 ,basilius ! magician4 ,aft] a brief acc\nt ( a miracul\s release f sexual passion ,gregory comes to a tale ( ,basilius ! magician4 ,?is is ! same man conc]n+ ^: arre/ & trial on ! *>ge ( practic+ magic & s9i/] arts we f9d directions giv5 9 two ( ! lett]s ( ,cassiodorus4#beic ,accord+ to ,gregory he took refuge ) ! aid ( a bi%op 9 a mona/]y1 al?\gh ! abbot saw some?+ diabolical ab\t him f ! v />t4 ,soon a virg9 :o 0 "u ! *>ge ( ! mona/]y became s infatuat$ ) ,basilius z to call publicly = him1 decl>+ t %e %\ld die unless he came to h] aid4 ,! abbot !n expell$ him f ! mona/]y1 on :i* occasion ,basilius confess$ t he _h (t5 by 8 magic arts susp5d$ ! mona/]y 9 mid-air b t he _h nev] be5 able to injure anyone :o 0 9 x4 ,?is is m detail$ in=mation conc]n+ ! nature ( ,basilius' magic ?an ,cassiodorus gives u4 ,gregory fur!r adds t n long aft] ,basilius 0 burn$ to dea? at ,rome by ! zeal ( ! ,*ri/ian p4 ,sid5ote3 ,a demon salad4 ,a female s]vant ( ?is same mona/]y once ate a lettuce 9 ! g>d5 )\t mak+ ! sign ( ! cross fir/1 & became possess$ ( a demon /raightway4 ,:5 ! abbot 0 summon$1 ! demon attempt$ to excuse himself1 exclaim+1 8,:at h ,i done8 :at h ,i done8 ,i 0 j sitt+ on a lettuce :5 %e came along & ate me40 ,! abbot nev]!less indignantly proce$$ to drive ! evil _s out ( 8 s]f4 ,su* are a few specim5s ( ! monki% magic t 0 consid]$ p]fectly legitimate & raptur\sly admir$ at ! same "t t m5 l ,basilius 7 burn$ at ! /ake on *>ges ( magic by ! zeal\s ,*ri/ian populace4 ,sid5ote3 ,incantations 9 ,old ,iri%4 ,we may add a ^w at ?is po9t conc]n+ ,old ,iri% lit]ature#beid :i*1 z x has rea*$ u1 is almo/ entirely religi\s 9 "*1#beie produc$ & pres]v$ by ! ,*ri/ian cl]gy4 ,yet we f9d a numb] ( traces ( magic 9 ^! rema9s ( ,celtic le>n+ & lit]ature dur+ ! d>k ages4 ,inde$1 ! sole docum5t 9 ! ,iri% language :i* is ascrib$ to ,/4 ,patrick is a ,hymn or incantation 9 :i* he invokes ! ,tr9ity & ! p[]s ( nature to aid him aga9/ ! en*antm5ts ( wom51 smi?s1 & wiz>ds4 ,by repeat+ ?is rhy?mical =mula ,patrick & 8 companions are said to h become invisible to ,k+ ,loigaire & 8 ,druids4 ,! spell is p]haps z old z ,patrick's "t4 ,?ree o!r incantations = ur9>y disease1 sore eyes1 & to extract a ?orn are conta9$ 9 ! ,/[e ,missal4 ,an ,iri% manuscript ( ! eigh? or n9? c5tury 9 ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,gall has f\r spells = simil> purposes & ano!r is f\nd 9 a n9? c5tury codex pres]v$ 9 ,c>9?ia4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fili4 ,! ,iri% _h _! ,fili correspond+ some:at to ! ,druids ( ,gaul or ,brita94 ,!y 7 p]haps less closely connect$ ) hea!n rites1 s9ce ! *ur* seems to h be5 less oppos$ to !m ?an to ! ,druids4 ,!y 7 poets & le>n$ m51 & a l>ge "p ( _! le>n+1 at lea/ orig9ally1 seems to h consi/$ ( magic & div9ation4 ,!re are _m in/ances 9 ,iri% lit]ature ( _! disfigur+ ! faces ( _! enemies by rais+ blot*es ^u !m by ! p[] ( words :i* !y utt]$4 ,/4 ,patrick =bade two ( _! ?ree me?ods ( div9ation4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,,arabic ,,occult ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,! ,,n9? ,,c5tury ,plan ( ! *apt]--,works ( ,alk9di--,on ,/ell> ,rays1 or ,! ,!ory ( ! ,magic ,art--,radiation ( occult =ce f ! />s--,magic p[] ( words--,problem ( pray]--,figures1 *>act]s1 & sacrifice--,exp]im5t & magic--,alk9di's m$ieval influ5ce--,div9ation by visions & dreams--,wea!r pr$iction--,alk9di z an a/rolog]--,alk9di on conjunctions--,alk9di & al*emy--,a/rological works ( ,albumas>--,! ,exp]im5ts ( ,albumas>--,albumas> 9 ,sadan--,book ( ,ra9s--,co/a b5 ,luca's translation ( ,h]o's ,me*anica--,lat9 v]sions ( 8 ,epi/le conc]n+ ,incantation--,=m ( ! epi/le--,incantations directly affect ! m9d alone--,m5 imag9e !mselves bewit*$--,h[ are amulets effective8--,citations f ! lapid>y ( ! ,pseudo-,ari/otle--,f ,gal5 & ,dioscorides--,occult virtue--,on ! ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,s\l & ,_s--,! nature ( spiritus--,?\ght expla9$ physiologically--,views ( o!r m$ieval writ]s--,!bit b5 ,corat--,! ,sabians--,!bit's ,relations to ,sabianism--,!bit z encyclop$i/1 philosoph]1 a/ronom]--,8 occult sci5ce--,a/rological & magic images--,life ( ,rasis--,8 #bcb works--,*>latans discuss$--,8 int]e/ 9 natural sci5ce--,rasis & al*emy--,titles sugge/ive ( a/rology & magic--,conclusion4 ,sid5ote3 ,plan ( ! *apt]4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all consid] a numb] ( le>n$ m5 :o wrote 9 ,arabic or o!r ori5tal languages 9 ! n9? & e>ly t5? c5tury3 ,alk9di1 ,albumas>1 ,co/a b5 ,luca1 ,!bit b5 ,corat1 & ,rasis--to m5tion = ! pres5t only ! brief & conv5i5t =m ( _! names by :i* !y 7 commonly designat$ 9 m$ieval ,lat9 le>n+4 ,n all ( ^! m5 7 ,mohamm$ans2 n "o 0 an ,arab1 /rictly speak+2 b !y liv$ "u ,mohamm$an rule & wrote 9 ,arabic4 ,we %all note especially ^? ( _! works :i* deal ) occult sci5ce & :i* 7 pla9ly influ5tial ^u ! lat] m$ieval ,lat9 le>n+4 ,inde$1 mo/ ( ! works ( :i* we %all treat seem to be extant only 9 ,lat9 translation4 ,?is *apt] aims at no exhau/ive treatm5t ( ,arabic sci5ce & magic 9 ! n9? c5tury1 b m]ely1 by pres5t+ a few prom95t examples1 to give "s idea ( x & ( its influ5ce ^u ! middle ages4 ,9 subsequ5t *apt]s we %all h occasion to m5tion _m o!r su* m$ieval translations f ,arabic & o!r ori5tal languages4 ,sid5ote3 ,works ( ,alk9di4 ,"o ( ! great names 9 ! hi/ory ( ,arabic le>n+ is t ( ,alk9di 7,ya#8kb ibn ,i%k ibn ,sabbh al-,k9d71 :o di$ ab\t #hej or #hgc ,a4 ,d4#beif ,comp>atively few ( 8 writ+s h come to u1 h[ev]1 al?\gh "s two hundr$ titles prove t he cov]$ ! :ole field ( k 9 8 own day4 ,he translat$ ! works ( ,ari/otle & o!r ,greeks into ,arabic1 & wrote ^u philosophy1 politics1 ma!matics1 m$ic9e1 music1 a/ronomy1 & a/rology1 discrim9at+ little betwe5 sci5ce & sup]/ition 9 8 en?usiasm = ext5sive k4 ,! fir/ treatise ( 8 to appe> 9 pr9t 0 an a/rological "o on wea!r pr$iction 9 ,lat9 translation4#beig ,9 #ahge ,lo? pr9t$ an ,arabic text ( 8 treatise on ! !ory ( conjunctions4 ,m rec5tly ,nagy has edit$ ,lat9 v]sions ( "s ( 8 philosophical opuscula1 & ,bjrnbo has publi%$ an optical treatise by him entitl$ ,de spectaculis4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ,/ell> ,rays1 or ,! ,!ory ( ! ,magic ,art4 ,9 a manuscript ( ! clos+ f\rte5? c5tury are conta9$ sev]al sets ( errors ( ,ari/otle & v>i\s ,arabs1 also o!rs condemn$ at ,p>is 9 #acdh & #acfc1 at ,ox=d 9 #acgf1 & s on4 ,among ^! are li/$ ! ,errors ( ,alk9di 9 ! ,magic ,art4#beih ,! allusion is to a treatise by ,alk9di1 v>i\sly /yl$ ,! ,!ory ( ! ,magic ,art or ,on ,/ell> ,rays1 :i* is f\nd 9 ,lat9 v]sion 9 a numb] ( m$ieval manuscripts1#beii b :i* has nev] be5 publi%$ or describ$ at all fully4 ,sid5ote3 ,radiation ( occult =ce f ! />s4 ,alk9di beg9s ! treatise by ass]t+ ! a/rological doctr9e ( radiation ( occult influ5ce f ! />s4 ,! div]sity ( objects 9 nature dep5ds ^u two ?+s1 ! div]sity ( matt] & ! v>y+ influ5ce ex]t$ by ! rays f ! />s4 ,ea* /> has its own peculi> =ce & c]ta9 objects are especially "u its influ5ce1 :ile ! movem5t ( ! />s to new positions & 8! collision ( _! rays0 produce su* an inf9ite v>iety ( comb9ations t no two ?+s 9 ?is _w are ev] f\nd alike 9 all respects4 ,! />s1 h[ev]1 are no ! only objects :i* emit rays2 ev]y?+ 9 ! _w ( ! elem5ts radiates =ce1 too4 ,fire1 color1 & s\nd are examples ( ?is4 ,! sci5ce ( physics consid]s ! action ( objects ^u "o ano!r by contact1 b ! sages "k ( a m occult int]action ( remote objects sugge/$ by ! p[] ( ! magnet & ! reflection ( an image 9 a mirror4 ,all su* emanations1 h[ev]1 are 9 ! la/ analysis caus$ by ! cele/ial h>mony1 :i* gov]ns by necessity all ! *anges 9 ?is _w4 ,?us ! m5 ( old1 by exp]im5ts & by close scrut9y ( ! secrets ( bo? sup]ior & inf]ior nature & ( ! disposition ( ! sky1 came to compreh5d _m hidd5 ?+s 9 ! _w ( nature & 7 able to discov] ! names ( ^? :o _h committ$ !ft & adult]y4 ,sid5ote3 ,! bord]-l9e betwe5 sci5ce & magic4 ,alk9di has ?us prep>$ ! read]'s m9d = ! consid]ation ( ph5om5a beyond ! realm ( ord9>y physical action4 ,at ! same "t he has approa*$ ! occult by argu+ on ! analogy ( natural ph5om5a & he has laid d[n z a fundam5tal sci5tific premise :at we n[ reg>d z a sup]/ition ( a/rolog]s4 ,9 o!r words1 he is n unaw>e ( a diff]5ce 9 me?od & "* betwe5 physics & a/rology1 betwe5 sci5ce & sup]/ition1 yet he tries to =mulate a sci5tific basis = :at is really a belief 9 magic4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic p[] ( words4 ,al?\gh ,alk9di does n1 z ,i recall1 use ! ^w magic1 he next argues 9 favor ( :at is commonly call$ ! magic p[] ( words4 ,he affirms t ! human imag9ation c =m concepts & !n emit rays :i* w affect ext]ior objects j z w\ld ! ?+ itself ^: image ! m9d has conceiv$4 ,muscul> movem5t & spee* are ! two *annels by :i* ! m9d's conceptions c be trans=m$ into action4 ,frequ5t exp]im5ts h prov5 cle>ly ! pot5cy ( words :5 utt]$ 9 exact accordance ) imag9ation & int5tion1 & :5 accompani$ by due solemnity1 firm fai?1 & /rong desire4 ,! effect produc$ by words & voices is height5$ if !y are utt]$ "u favorable a/rological conditions4 ,"s g be/ ) ,saturn1 o!rs ) ! planet ,jupit]1 "s ) "o sign ( ! zodiac & o!rs ) ano!r4 ,! f\r elem5ts are v>i\sly affect$ by diff]5t voices2 "s voices1 = in/ance1 affect fire mo/ p[]fully4 ,"s especially /ir trees or "s "o k9d ( tree4 ,?us by words motion is />t$1 accel]at$1 or imp$$2 animal life is g5]at$ or de/roy$2 images are made to appe> 9 mirrors2 flames & lightn+s are produc$2 & o!r feats & illusions are p]=m$ :i* seem m>vel\s to ! mob4 ,sid5ote3 ,problem ( pray]4 ,alk9di ev5 v5tures to t\* ^u ! subject ( pray]4 ,he /ates t ! rays emitt$ by ! human m9d & voice become ! m efficaci\s 9 mov+ matt]1 if ! speak] has fix$ 8 m9d ^u & names ,god or "s p[]ful angel4 ,human ignorance ( ! h>mony ( nature also (t5 necessitates appeal to a high] p[] 9 ord] to atta9 good & to avoid evil4 ,fai?1 & obs]vance ( ! prop] "t & place & att5dant circum/ances h _! be>+1 h[ev]1 ^u ! success or failure ( pray] z well z ( o!r utt]ances4 ,& !re are "s au?orities :o w\ld exclude spiritual influ5ce entirely 9 su* matt]s & :o believe t words & images & pray]s z well z h]bs & gems are completely "u ! univ]sal control ex]cis$ by ! />s4 ,sid5ote3 ,figures1 *>act]s1 & sacrifice4 ,! treatise concludes by discuss+ ! virtues ( figures1 *>act]s1 images1 & sacrifices 9 mu* ! same way z x has treat$ ( ! p[] ( words4 ,we are assur$ t 8,! sages h prov$ by frequ5t exp]im5ts t figures & *>act]s inscrib$ by ! h& ( man on v>i\s mat]ials ) int5tion & due solemnity ( place & "t & o!r circum/ances h ! effect ( motion ^u ext]nal objects40 ,e su* figure emits rays hav+ ! peculi> virtue :i* has be5 impress$ ^u x by ! />s & signs4 ,!re are *>act]s :i* c be employ$ to cure disease or to induce x 9 m5 or animals4 ,images con/ruct$ 9 con=mity ) ! con/ellations emit rays hav+ some?+ ( ! virtue ( ! cele/ial h>mony4 ,alk9di also def5ds ! practice ( animal sacrifice4 ,:e!r ,god or spirits are placat$ !reby or n1 none ! less ! sacrifice is efficaci\s1 if made ) human int5t & due solemnity & 9 accordance ) ! cele/ial h>mony4 ,! /> & sign :i* are dom9ant :5 any volunt>y act ( ?is sort is begun1 rule t "w to its f9i%4 ,! mat]ial & =ms employ$ %\ld be appropriate to ! con/ellation1 or ! effect produc$ w be discordant & p]v]t$4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp]im5t & magic4 ,x w h be5 not$ t ,alk9di m ?an once ass]ts t 8 conclusions h be5 demon/rat$ exp]im5tally4 ,?us we h "o m example ( ! connection1 supposititi\s or real1 betwe5 magic & exp]im5tal me?od4 ,sid5ote3 ,alk9di's m$ieval influ5ce4 ,! doctr9e "h set =? by ,alk9di ( ! radiation ( =ce & 8 explanation ( magic by a/rology 7 bo? to be v influ5tial conceptions 9 ,lat9 m$ieval le>n+4 ,we %all f9d ,rog] ,bacon1 = example1 repeat+ ! same views 9 almo/ ! same language conc]n+ /ell> rays & ! p[] ( words1 & x is appropriate t 9 two manuscripts 8 utt]ances are plac$ toge!r ) ^? ( ,alk9di4#bfjj ,sid5ote3 ,div9ation by visions & dreams4 ,alk9di's treatise ,de somno et visione1 z we h x 9 ! ,lat9 translation by ,g]>d ( ,cremona1#bfja accepts clairvoyance & div9ation by dreams z true & asks :y we see "s ?+s be=e !y happ51 :y we see o!r ?+s :i* require int]pretation be=e !y reveal ! future1 & :y at o!r times we =esee ! contr>y ( :at is to be4#bfjb ,8 answ] is t ! m9d or s\l has innate natural k ( ^! ?+s1 & t 8x is itself ! seat ( all species s5sible & rational40 ,vision is :5 ! s\l dismisses ! s5ses & employs ?\ght1 & ! =mative or imag9ative virtue ( ! m9d is m active 9 sleep1 ! s5sitive faculties :5 "o is awake4 ,sid5ote3 ,wea!r pr$iction4 ,:ile by "s p]sons1 at lea/1 op9ions ( ,alk9di 9 8 ,!ory ( ! ,magic ,art 7 reg>d$ z errone\s1 ,alb]tus ,magnus 9 8 ,speculum a/ronomiae li/$ among works on judicial a/rology ) :i* he ?\ght t ! *ur* c\ld f9d no fault 8a book ( ,al*9di0 :i* op5$ ) ! words ,rogatus fui4#bfjc ,?is is a "w on wea!r pr$iction :i* /ill exi/s 9 a numb] ( manuscripts#bfjd & 0 pr9t$ 9 #aejg at ,v5ice1 & 9 #aedj at ,p>is1 toge!r ) a treatise on ! same !me by ,albumas>1 ( :om we %all say m pres5tly4#bfje ,sid5ote3 ,alk9di z an a/rolog]4 ,a majority1 inde$1 ( ! works by ,alk9di extant 9 ,lat9 translation are a/rological4#bfjf ,sev]al 7 translat$ by ,g]>d ( ,cremona1 & "o or two by ,john ( ,spa9 & ,rob]t ( ,*e/]4#bfjg ,geomancies are attribut$ to ,alk9di 9 manuscripts at ,muni*4#bfjh ,lo? notes conc]n+ ,alk9di's a/rology :at we h already f\nd to be ! case 9 8 !ories ( radiation & magic art & ( div9ation by dreams2 namely1 t :ile he believes 9 a/rology unconditionally1 he tries to pursue x z a sci5ce 9 a sci5tific way1 obs]v+ ma!matical me?od & physical laws--z !y seem$ to him--:ile he attack$ ! vulg> sup]/itions :i* 7 popul>ly reg>d$ z a/rology4 ,sid5ote3 ,alk9di on conjunctions4 ,! a/rological treatise by ,alk9di1 ( :i* ,lo? edit$ ! ,arabic text1 is a lett] on ! duration ( ! empire ( ! ,arabs4 ,?is bit ( political pr$iction 01 z f> z ,lo? knew1 ! fir/ in/ance ( ! !ory ( conjunctions 9 ,arabian a/rology4 ,! !ory 0 t less] conjunctions ( ! planets1 :i* occur e tw5ty ye>s1 middl+ conjunctions :i* come e two hundr$ & =ty ye>s1 & great conjunctions :i* occur only e n9e hundr$ & sixty ye>s1 ex]t a great influ5ce n only ^u ! _w ( nature b ^u political & religi\s ev5ts1 &1 especially ! great conjunctions1 op5 new p]iods 9 hi/ory4 ,?us1 z ,lo? says1 ! conjunction is = ! macrocosmos :at ! horoscope is = man ! microcosmos2 ! "o =eca/s ! fate ( ! individual2 ! o!r1 t ( society4 ,lo? knew ( no ,lat9 translation ( ,alk9di's lett]1 & m$ieval writ]s 9 ,lat9 cite ,albumas> usually z _! au?ority on ! subject ( conjunctions4 ,b ,lo? held t ,albumas>1 :o 0 a pupil ( ,alk9di1 m]ely develop$ & popul>iz$ ! a/rological !ories ( 8 ma/]1 & ,lo? %[$ t ,albumas> embodi$ our lett] on ! duration ( ! ,arabian empire 9 l>ge "p 9 8 "w ,on ,great ,conjunctions )\t m5tion+ ,alk9di z 8 au?ority4 ,sid5ote3 ,alk9di & al*emy4 ,al?\gh a believ] 9 a/rology to ! po9t ( magic1 & n unacqua9t$ ) metals z 8 "w ,on ! ,prop]ties ( ,swords %[s1 ,alk9di reg>d$ ! art ( al*emy z a deception & ! pret5d$ transmutation ( o!r metals into gold z false4#bfji ,he affirm$ ?is especially 9 8 treatise entitl$1 ,! ,deceits ( ! ,al*emi/s1 b also 9 8 o!r writ+s4#bfaj ,sid5ote3 ,a/rological works ( ,albumas>4 ,some?+ fur!r %\ld be said conc]n+ ! a/rological treatises ( ,albumas> 7,abu ,ma'%> ,ja'f> b5 ,muhammad al-,balkh7 :5ce also 8 brief] appellations1 ,japh> & ,dja'f>4 ,he di$ 9 #hhf & has be5 call$ ! mo/ celebrat$ ( all ! n9? c5tury ,bagdad a/rolog]s1 al?\gh he has also be5 accus$ ( plagi>ism1 z we h se54 ,9 #adhi at ,augsburg ,erh>d ,ratdolt publi%$ ?ree ( 8 works1 ! ,great] ,introduction to ,a/ronomy 9 eight books1 ! ,fl[]s--:i* ,rog] ,bacon cites z sev]ely condemn+ physicians :o d n /udy a/rology#bfaa--;& ! eight books conc]n+ great conjunctions & revolutions ( ! ye>s4 ,( ^! ! ,introduction 0 translat$ bo? by ,john ( ,spa9 & ,h]mann ( ,dalmatia1 b ! =m] translation1 al?\gh f\nd 9 _m manuscripts1 rema9s unpr9t$4 ,! ,flores is f\nd 9 num]\s manuscripts & 0 repr9t$ 9 #adie4 ,! "w on conjunctions & revolutions 0 pr9t$ aga9 9 #aeae & also exi/s 9 _m manuscripts4#bfab ,a ,fr5* translation :i* ,hag9s ! ,jew1 work+ = ,h5ri ,bate ( ,mal9es1 made 9 #abgc ( 8,le livre des revolutions de sicle10 ( ^: six *apt]s he translat$ only f\r1#bfac probably appli$ to a "p ( ?is "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,exp]im5ts ( ,albumas>4 ,alb]tus ,magnus 9 ! ,speculum a/ronomiae1 9 li/+ irreproa*able works ( a/ronomy & a/rology1 m5tions a 8,book ( ,exp]im5ts0 by ,albumas> in/ead ( ! ,conjunctions & ,revolutions along ) 8 ,fl[]s & ,introduction4#bfad ,?is book ( exp]im5ts by ,albumas> is (t5 met ) 9 ! manuscripts4 ,x is a diff]5t & %ort] "w ?an t 9 eight p>ts on ,conjunctions1 b itself deals ) ! subject ( revolutions4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 to be confus$ ) /ill ano!r "w by ,albumas> on revolutions z connect$ ) nativities4#bfae ,sid5ote3 ,albumas> 9 ,sadan4 ,ano!r "w on a/rology ) :i* ! "n ( ,albumas> is connect$ is cit$ by m$ieval writ]s1 notably ,pet] ( ,abano1#bfaf z ,albumas> 9 ,sadan 7or ,sadam71 & is also f\nd 9 ,lat9 manuscripts :]e x is also call$ 8,exc]pts f ! ,secrets ( ,albumas>40#bfag ,/e9s*neid] reg>d$ ! ,lat9 translation z a %ort5$ or incomplete v]sion ( an ,arabic orig9al entitl$ al-,mudsak>et1 or ,memorabilia by ,abu ,sa'id ,s*dsn1 :o wrote d[n ! answ]s ( 8 tea*] to 8 que/ions4#bfah ,!re is also a ,greek text1 entitl$ ,my/]ies1 :i* diff]s consid]ably f ! ,lat9 & ( :i* ,sadan p]haps made use4#bfai ,! ,lat9 v]sion might be describ$ z a miscellane\s collection ( a/rological tea*+s1 anecdotes1 & actual cases ( ,albumas> ga!r$ up by 8 disciples & some:at resembl+ ,lu!r's ,table-,talk 9 =m4 ,sid5ote3 ,book ( ra9s4 ,we h already allud$ to ! treatise on wea!r pr$iction by ,albumas> :i* 0 pr9t$ ) a simil> "w by ,alk9di 9 #aejg & #aedj1 & also (t5 accompanies x 9 ! manuscripts4 ,9 ?is 8book ( ra9s accord+ to ! ,indians0#bfbj ,albumas> is v>i\sly disguis$ "u ! names ( ,gaph>1 ,jaf>1 & ,iaf> & is call$ an ,indian1 ,egyptian1 or ,babylonian4#bfba ,9 8 ,lat9 translation ( x ,hugo ,sanctell5sis tells 8 patron1 ! 8anti/es ,mi*ael0 t ! treatise 0 writt5 by ,gaph>1 an anci5t a/rolog] ( ,india1 & has s9ce be5 abbreviat$ by a ,tillemus or ,cil5ius or ,cyl5ius ,m]curius4#bfbb ,to ,japh> is also attribut$ a ,m9or ,isagoga to a/ronomy 9 sev5 lectures or s]mones1 :i* ,adel>d ( ,ba? is said to h translat$ f ! ,arabic4#bfbc ,sid5ote3 ,co/a b5 ,luca's translation ( ,h]o's ,me*anica4 ,we turn next to ,co/a b5 ,luca1 or ,qu/ ibn ,lq1 ( ,baalbek1 & especially to 8 treatise ,on ,physical ,ligatures1 or m fully1 ,! ,epi/le conc]n+ ,incantations1 ,adjurations1 & ,susp5sions f ! ,neck4 ,! sci5tific importance ( ,co/a b5 ,luca may be se5 f ! circum/ance t ! ,me*anica ( ,h]o ( ,alex&ria1 ( :i* ! ,greek text is = ! mo/ "p lo/1 has be5 pres]v$ 9 ! ,arabic translation :i* ,co/a prep>$ 9 #hfb-hff = ! caliph al-,mu/a4 ,sev]al manuscripts ( ?is ,arabic text are /ill extant at ,cairo1 ,con/ant9ople1 ,leyd51 & ,london1 & x has be5 twice pr9t$4#bfbd ,sid5ote3 ,lat9 v]sions ( 8 ,epi/le conc]n+ ,incantation1 etc4 ,! "w 9 :i* we are m especially int]e/$ has also be5 pr9t$ 9 editions ( ! works ( ,gal51 ( ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 ( ,arnald ( ,villanova1 & ( ,h5ry ,cornelius ,agrippa4#bfbe ,! treatise is also attribut$ to ,rasis 9 ! libr>y at ,montpelli]4#bfbf ,its inclusion among ,gal5's works is a manife/ error2 9 ! edition ( ,agrippa x is app5d$ z ,! ,lett] ( an ,unkn[n ,au?or 7,epi/ola inc]ti au?oris72 :ile ,arnald is repres5t$ z translat+ ! "w f ,greek--a language ( :i* he 0 ignorant--into ,lat94 ,he c\ld read ,arabic1 h[ev]1 & p]haps r5d]$ ! treatise f t language4#bfbg ,b x _h c]ta9ly be5 translat$ be=e 8 "t1 ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & presumably by ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 c#ajae-ajhg1 s9ce x n m]ely appe>s 9 8 pr9t$ works b is f\nd toge!r ) an imp]fect copy ( 8 ,pantegni 9 a manuscript ( ! twelf? c5tury4#bfbh ,9 a fifte5? c5tury manuscript ,unayn or ,hone9 b5 ,i%ak is nam$ z ! au?or ( our treatise1 b ?is seems to be a mi/ake4#bfbi ,alb]tus ,magnus 9 ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury cites our treatise bo? 9 8 ,vegetables & ,plants1#bfcj :]e he alludes to 8! books ( incantations ( ,h]mes ! philosoph] & ( ,co/a b5 ,luca ! philosoph]1 & ! books ( physical ligatures10 & 9 8 ,m9]als1#bfca :]e ! ,lib] de ligaturis physicis1 z he calls x1 is ! s\rce :5ce he has borr[$ /atem5ts conc]n+ gems ascrib$ to ,ari/otle & ,dioscorides4 ,sid5ote3 ,=m ( ! epi/le4 ,our treatise is 9 ! =m ( a reply by ,co/a b5 ,luca to someone :om he addresses z 8de>e/ son0 & :o has ask$ him :at validity !re is 9 incantations1 adjurations1 & susp5sions f "o's neck1 & :at ! books ( ! ,greeks & ,indians h to say ^u ^! matt]s4 ,! word+ ( ,co/a's epi/le v>ies consid]ably 9 ! pr9t$ editions ow+ probably to c>eless int]pretation ( ! manuscripts or c>eless copy+ by ! e>li] scribes1 b its g5]al t5or is ! same4 ,sid5ote3 ,incantations directly affect ! m9d alone4 ,co/a fir/ affirms t all ! anci5ts h agre$ t ! virtue ( ! m9d affects ! /ate ( ! body4 ,gal5 9 p>ticul> is cit$ z to ! effect ( passions ^u heal? & ! advisability ( ! physician's *e]+ ! m9ds ( gloomy pati5ts ev5 by resort to deception to a limit$ ext5t1 if x seems necess>y4 ,a p]fect m9d g5]ally goes ) a p]fect body & an imp]fect m9d ) an imp]fect body1 z is se5 9 ! case ( *ildr51 old m51 & wom51 or 9 ! inhabitants ( ! intemp]ate zones1 ei!r torrid ,e?iopia or ! froz5 nor?4 ,"h "o text specifies ,scotl& 7,scotie72 ano!r1 ,s*ytie1 :i* is p]haps int5d$ = ,scy?ia4 ,co/a !re=e argues t if anyone believes t an incantation w help him1 he w at lea/ be b5efit$ by 8 own confid5ce4 ,& if a p]son is con/antly afraid t incantations may be direct$ aga9/ him1 he may easily fret himself into a fev]4 ,?is1 ,co/a ?9ks1 0 :at ,socrates _h 9 m9d :5 he describ$ incantations z 8words deceiv+ rational s\ls by _! int]pretation or by ! fe> !y produce or by despair40 ,accord+ to ,alb]tus ,magnus1 :o embodies a good deal ( ,co/a's ,epi/le 9 8 ,m9]als1 ,socrates said m fully t incantations1 or p]haps bett]1 en*antm5ts1 7 made 9 f\r ways1 namely1 by susp5d+ or b9d+ on objects1 by imprecations or adjurations1 by *>act]s1 & by images2 & t !y dem5t rational s\ls s t !y fall into fe> & despair or rise to joy & confid5ce2 & t ?r\gh ^! accid5ts ( ! m9d bodies are alt]$ ei!r 9 ! direction ( heal? or ( *ronic infirmity4#bfcb ,co/a /ates t ! m$ical m5 ( ,india believe t incantations & adjurations are b5eficial4 ,b he says no?+ to indicate t !y1 mu* less ! ,greeks or himself1 h fai? 9 ! efficacy ( incantations or words to "w *anges 9 matt] p] se or directly1 nor does he say any?+ to indicate t demons may be summon$ & giv5 ord]s by ?is me?od4 ,p]haps 8 discussion ( incantations is a trifle con/ra9$ & n suffici5tly outspok51 b x is mod]ate & sci5tific & %[s a fair degree ( scepticism = t p]iod1 especially :5 we comp>e x ) ,alk9di's attitude t[>ds ! p[] ( words4 ,sid5ote3 ,m5 imag9e !mselves bewit*$4 ,co/a b5 ,luca's attitude t[>ds sorc]y seems ! same z t[>ds incantations4 ,he concludes 8 discussion ( ?is po9t by a /ory ( 8a c]ta9 great noble ( our c\ntry0 :o _h conv9c$ himself t he _h be5 bewit*$ & consequ5tly became impot5t4 ,aft] va9ly endeavor+ to conv9ce him t ?is 0 simply due to 8 imag9ation1 ,co/a decid$ t !re 0 no?+ to d b humor him 9 8 delusion4 ,he !re=e %[$ him a passage 9 ,! ,book ( ,cleopatra :i* prescrib$ z an aphrodisiac ! ano9t+ ( ! entire body ) ! gall ( a cr[ mix$ ) sesame4#bfcc ,! noble foll[$ ! prescription & _h s mu* fai? 9 x t 8 imag9>y compla9t disappe>$4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ are amulets effective8 ,f9ally ,co/a consid]s ! "q ( ! validity ( amulets1 or ligatures & susp5sions1 :i* we h he>d ,socrates class ) incantations1 adjurations1 *>act]s1 & images4 ,co/a says t he has read 9 _m works by ! anci5ts t objects susp5d$ f ! neck are pot5t n ?r\gh _! natural1 b _! occult prop]ties4 ,he w n d5y t ?is may be s1 b is incl9$ z be=e to attribute ! result r to ! com=t+ effect :i* su* ?+s h ^u "o's m9d4 ,he proce$s1 h[ev]1 to li/ a numb] ( susp5sions recomm5d$ by anci5t writ]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,citations f ! lapid>y ( ! ,pseudo-,ari/otle4 ,fir/ he cites f 8,ari/otle 9 ! ,book ( ,/ones10 a spuri\s treatise ( :i* we %all h m to say 9 ! *apt] on ,ari/otle 9 ! middle ages1 a numb] ( examples ( ! m>vel\s p[]s ( gems worn susp5d$ f ! neck or set 9 a r+ ^u ! f+]4 ,"o augm5ts ! fl[ ( saliva1 ano!r *ecks ! fl[ ( blood4 ,! /one hyac9? enables its be>] to pass safely ?r\gh a pe/il5t region1 & makes him honor$ 9 m5's ?\ghts & procures ! grant+ ( 8 petitions by rul]s4 ,! em]ald w>ds (f epilepsy1 8:]e=e we (t5 prescribe to nobles t _! *ildr5 %\ld we> ?is /one hung ab\t ! neck le/ !y incur ?is infirmity40 ,sid5ote3 ,f ,gal5 & ,dioscorides4 ,co/a also cites "s recomm5dations ( ligatures & susp5sions f ,gal51 su* z cur+ /oma*-a*e by susp5d+ coral ab\t ! neck or abdom51 or ! dung ( wolves :o h eat5 bones1 :i* %\ld pref]ably be b\nd on ) a ?read made f ! wool ( a %eep eat5 by t wolf4 ,to ,dioscorides are attribut$ su* amulets z ! tee? ( a mad dog :o has bit a man1 :i* w safegu>d _! we>] f ev] be+ s bitt5--& x w\ld be some:at ( a co9cid5ce1 if he 7--& ! se$ ( wild saffron :i*1 held 9 ! h& or worn ab\t ! neck1 is good = ! /+s ( scorpions4 ,! ,indians are cit$ = :at is a recipe r ?an an amulet3 /]cum elephant9um cum melle mixtum et 9 vulva muli]is positum numquam p]mittit concip]e4 ,& "s say t a woman :o spits ?rice 9 a frog's m\? w n conceive = a ye>4 ,a numb] ( o!r examples are giv5 )\t m5tion ( any p>ticul> au?ority4 ,"s ( !m1 inde$1 are v famili> & c\ld be f\nd 9 _m au?ors1 & we %all meet !m 9 o!r contexts4 ,sid5ote3 ,occult virtue4 ,co/a concludes by say+ t he himself has n te/$ ^! /atem5ts extract$ f ! works ( ! anci5ts1 b t nei!r w he d5y !m1 s9ce !re exi/ 9 nature _m /range ph5om5a & inexplicable =ces4 ,we w\ld n believe t ! magnet attracts iron1 if we _h n se5 x4 ,simil>ly lead breaks adamant :i* iron _c break4 ,!re is a /one :i* no furnace c consume & a fi% :i* p>alyzes ! h& ( ! p]son cat*+ x4 ,^! /range prop]ties act 9 "s subtle & mighty fa%ion :i* is n p]ceptible to our s5ses & :i* we _c acc\nt = by reason+4#bfcd ,b x is notewor?y t z 9 discuss+ incantations ,co/a said no?+ ( demons1 s he fails to ascribe occult virtue to ! influ5ce ( ! />s4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ! ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,s\l & ,_s4 ,ano!r treatise by ,co/a b5 ,luca1 ,on ! ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,s\l & ,_s1#bfce has little to d ) occult sci5ce1 b gives too good a glimpse ( m$ieval notions 9 ! field ( physiological psy*ology to pass x by4 ,x 0 translat$ into ,lat9 by ,john ( ,spa9 = ,ar*bi%op ,raymond ( ,tol$o 9 ! twelf? c5tury1#bfcf & is f\nd 9 _m manuscripts1 (t5 toge!r ) ! works ( ,ari/otle4#bfcg ,probably by a confusion ( ! names ,co/a b5 ,luca & ,con/ant9us#bfch x 0 pr9t$ among ! latt]'s works1#bfci & inde$ we f9d v simil> views 9 8 ,pantegni#bfdj & 9 8 treatise ,on ,melan*oly4 ,! "w has also be5 ascrib$ to ,augu/9e1#bfda ,isaac1#bfdb ,avic5na1#bfdc ,alex&] ,neckam1 ,?omas ( ,cantimpr1 & ,alb]tus ,magnus4#bfdd ,a diff]5t "w ) a simil> title & some:at simil> cont5ts is ! ,de spiritu et anima1 :i* is pr9t$ ) ! works ( ,augu/9e#bfde b :i* cites su* lat] au?ors z ,boe?ius1 ,isidore1 ,b$e1 ,alcu91 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 & ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor1 to :om also x has be5 attribut$4#bfdf ,?omas ,aqu9as call$ x ! "w ( an anonym\s ,ci/]cian4#bfdg ,b to return to our treatise4 ,sid5ote3 ,! nature ( spiritus4 ,co/a b5 ,luca has1 z we h h9t$1 "s div]t+ passages 9 ! fields ( physiological psy*ology4 ,he believes 9 ! exi/5ce ( spiritus1 :i* is n _s 9 "o ( our s5ses ( t ^w1 b 8a subtle body10 unlike ! s\l :i* is incorporeal4 ,?is subtle spiritus p]i%es :5 sep>at$ f ! body & x op]ates mo/ ( ! vital processes ( ! body su* z brea?+ & ! pulse1 s5sation & movem5t4 ,! two =m] processes are op]at$ by spiritus 8aris+ f ! he>t & borne 9 ! pulsat+ ve9s to vivify ! body40 ,! two latt] processes are caus$ by spiritus :i* arises f ! bra9 & op]ates ?r\gh ! n]ves4 ,?us spiritus is ! cause ( life 9 ! body & x leaves ?is mortal frame ) our dy+ gasp4 ,! cle>] & m subtle ?is spiritus is1 ! m readily x l5ds itself to m5tal processes1 :ile ! m p]fect ! human body1 ! m p]fect ! spiritus & ! human m9d4 ,h5ce ! intellectual p[]s ( *ildr5 & wom5 are inf]ior1 & ! same is true ( races subject$ to excessive heat or cold l ! ,e?iopians or ,slavs4 ,"h we h ! same views repeat$ z 9 ! ,epi/le conc]n+ ,incantation4 ,"s physicians & philosoph]s ?9k t !re are two vessels 9 ! he>t & t !re is m spiritus ?an blood 9 ! left h& vessel & m blood ?an spiritus 9 ! "r h& vessel4 ,! spiritus 9 ! bra9 becomes m subtle & apt to receive ! virtues ( ! s\l by its passage f "o cavity ( ! bra9 to ano!r4 ,! less subtle spiritus ! bra9 uses = ! five s5ses2 ,co/a speaks ( 8holl[ n]ves0 f ! bra9 to ! eye ?r\gh :i* ! spiritus passes = ! purpose ( vision4 ,! mo/ subtle spiritus is employ$ 9 ! high] m5tal processes su* z imag9ation1 memory1 & reason4 ,sid5ote3 ,?\ght expla9$ physiologically4 ,co/a b5 ,luca gives an amus+ explanation ( h[ ^! processes take place 9 ! bra94 ,! op5+ betwe5 ! ant]ior & po/]ior v5tricles ( ! bra9 is clos$ by a sort ( valve :i* he describes z 8a p>ticle ( ! body ( ! bra9 simil> to a worm40 ,:5 a man is 9 ! act ( recall+ some?+ to memory1 ?is valve op5s & ! spiritus passes f ! ant]ior to ! po/]ior cavity4 ,moreov]1 ! spe$ ) :i* ?is valve works or responds diff]s 9 diff]5t bra9s1 & ?is fact expla9s :y "s m5 are ( sl[ memory & :y o!rs answ] a "q s mu* soon]4 ,! habit ( incl9+ ! head :5 deep 9 cogitation is also to be expla9$ z t5d+ to op5 ?is valve4 ,h[ev]1 ! relative subtlety ( ! spiritus is ano!r important factor 9 intellectual ability4 ,sid5ote3 ,views ( o!r m$ieval writ]s4 ,o!r m$ieval writ]s diff]$ some:at f ^! views ( ,co/a b5 ,luca z to ! nature ( spiritus & ! cavities ( ! bra94 ,= in/ance1 ,con/ant9us ,africanus 9 8 treatise ,on ,melan*oly /ates t ! spiritus ( ! bra9 is call$ ! rational s\l1 :i* is inconsi/5t ) ! di/9ction drawn betwe5 s\l & _s 9 ! o!r treatise4 ,9 ! elev5? c5tury bo? ,con/ant9us 9 8 ,pantegni & ,anatomy or ,de humana natura1#bfdh & ,petrocellus ! ,sal]nitan 9 8 ,practica2#bfdi 9 ! twelf? c5tury bo? ,hildeg>d ( ,b+5#bfej & ! ,pseudo-,augu/9ian ,lib] de spiritu et anima2#bfea 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury bo? ,b>?olomew ( ,engl&1 :o seems to cite ,johannitius 7,huna9 ibn ,i%ak7 on ?is po9t1#bfeb & ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais agree t ! bra9 has ?ree ma9 cavities4 ,! fir/ is phanta/ic1 f :i* ! s5ses are controll$1 :]e ! s5sations are regi/]$1 & :]e ! process ( imag9ation goes on4 ,! middle cell is logical or rational1 & !re ! =ms receiv$ f ! s5ses & imag9ation are exam9$ & judg$4 ,! ?ird cell reta9s su* =ms z pass ?is exam9ation & s is ! seat ( memory4#bfec ,! ,pseudo-,augu/9e1 h[ev]1 repres5ts x fur!r z ! s\rce ( motor activity4 ,con/ant9us & ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais1 :o quotes him 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 fur!r di/+ui% ! phanta/ic cavity z hot & dry1 ! logical cell z cold & moi/1 & ! seat ( memory z cold & dry4 ,moreov]1 ! phanta/ic cell :i* multiplies =ms conta9s a great deal ( spiritus & v little m$ulla1 :ile ! cell ( memory :i* reta9s ! small] numb] ( =ms select$ by reason conta9s mu* m$ulla & little spiritus4 ,?us ! g5]al po9t ( view ( ^! o!r au?ors resembles t ( ,co/a b5 ,luca despite ! div]g5ce f him 9 details4 ,!y p]haps also owe some?+ to ,augu/9e1 :o 9 8 g5u9e works speaks ( ! ?ree cells ( ! bra9 b makes ! h9d-bra9 ! c5t] ( motor activity1 & ! mid-bra9 ! seat ( memory4#bfed ,sid5ote3 ,!bit b5 ,corat4 ,?abit ibn ,kurrah ibn ,m>wan ibn ,k>aya ibn ,ibrahim ibn ,m>9os ibn ,salamanos 7,abu ,al ,hasan7 ,al ,h>rani or ,?abit b5 ,corrah b5 ,zahrun el ,h>rani1 or ,tabit ibn ,qorra ibn ,m]wan1 ,abu'l-,hasan1 el-,h>rani1 or ,?abit b5 ,qorrah or ,?abit ibn ,qurra1 or ,tabit ibn ,korrah1 or ,?abit b5 ,korra1 z he is v>i\sly designat$ by mod]n s*ol>s2#bfee or ,!bit b5 ,corat1 or ,!bi? b5 ,cora?1 or ,!bit filius ,core1 or ,!bites filius ,*ori1 also ,tabi?1 ,tebi?1 ,?abit1 ,!be?1 ,!by?1 & ,b5*orac1 b5 cora*1 etc41 z we f9d x 9 ! m$ieval ,lat9 v]sions--,!bit b5 ,corat seems ! preval5t m$ieval spell+ & s w be adopt$ "h--0 born at ,h>ran 9 ,mesopotamia ab\t #hcf1 sp5t mu* ( 8 life at ,bagdad1 & liv$ until ab\t #ija4bfef ,he wrote 9 ,arabic z well z ,syriac1 b 0 n a ,mohamm$an1 & ,rog] ,bacon alludes to him z 8! supreme philosoph] among all ,*ri/ians1 :o has add$ 9 _m respects1 speculative z well z practical1 to ! "w ( ,ptolemy40#bfeg ,z a matt] ( fact1 he 0 a hea!n or pagan1 a memb] ( ! sect ( ,sabians1 ^: *ief seat 0 at 8 bir?place1 ,h>ran4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,sabians4 ,! ,sabians appe> to h cont9u$ ! paganism & a/rology ( ,babylonia1 b also to h accept$ ! ,aga?odaemon & ,h]mes ( ,egypt1#bfeh & to h _h relations ) ,gno/icism & ,neo-,platonism4 ,!y seem to h laid especial /ress ^u ! spirits ( ! planets1#bfei to :om !y made pray]s1 sacrifices1 & suffumigations1#bffj :ile days on :i* ! planets rea*$ _! culm9at+-po9ts 7 celebrat$ z fe/ivals4#bffa ,!y obs]v$ ! h\ses & /ations ( ! planets1 _! ris+s & sett+s1 conjunctions & oppositions1 & rule ov] c]ta9 h\rs ( ! day & night4#bffb ,"s planets 7 mascul9e1 o!rs fem99e2 "s lucky1 o!rs unlucky2#bffc !y 7 relat$ to diff]5t metals2#bffd ! diff]5t memb]s ( ! human body 7 plac$ "u diff]5t signs ( ! zodiac2#bffe & 9 g5]al ea* planet _h its own appropriate figures & =ms1 & rul$ ov] c]ta9 climates1 regions1 & ?+s#bfff 9 nature4 ,mo/ ( ?is1 h[ev]1 is a/rological commonplace :e!r ( pagans1 ,mohamm$ans1 or ,*ri/ians4 ,nor 7 ! ,sabians peculi> 9 associat+ intellectual sub/ances or spirits ) ! planets4#bffg ,x 0 only 9 wor%ip+ ^! & d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( "o ,god & 9 _! practice ( sacrificial div9ation t !y c\ld be di/+ui%$ z hea!n or pagan4 ,h[ev]1 !y seem to h devot$ a r unusual am\nt ( att5tion to a/rology & o!r =ms ( magic su* z oracul> heads1#bffh magic knots & figures1#bffi & seal-r+s c>v$ ) peculi> animal figures4 ,^! la/ !y (t5 buri$ ) ! dead = a "t 9 ord] to increase _! virtue4#bfgj ,sid5ote3 ,!bit's relations to ,sabianism4 ,!bit1 at any rate1 seems to h prid$ himself ^u be+ a desc5dant ( pagan antiquity4 ,9 a passage prais+ 8 native t[n he said1 8,we are ! heirs & po/]ity ( hea!nism10#bfga & he describ$ ) v5]ation a ru9$ ,greek temple at ,antio*4#bfgb ,he _h1 h[ev]1 "s religi\s disagreem5t ) ! ,sabians ( ,h>ran & 0 f9ally =c$ to leave4#bfgc ,he met a philosoph] :o took him to ,bagdad :]e he became "o ( ! ,caliph's a/ronom]s#bfgd & f\nd$ !re a ,sabian community to 8 own ta/e4 ,8 num]\s religi\s writ+s %[ ! value :i* he atta*$ to v>i\s ,sabian usages & rites3 c]emonials at burials1 h\rs ( pray]1 rules ( purity & impurity & conc]n+ ! animals to be sacrific$1 read+s 9 honor ( ! diff]5t planets4#bfge ,sid5ote3 ,!bit z encyclop$i/1 philosoph]1 a/ronom]4 ,!bit 0 a writ] ( encyclop$ic range & translat$ f ! ,greek#bfgf into ,arabic or ,syriac su* au?ors z ,apollonius1 ,ar*im$es1 ,ari/otle1 ,euclid1 ,hippocrates1 & ,gal54 ,he 80 fam$ above all z a philosoph]10#bfgg b mo/ ( 8 philosophical works are lo/1 b "s geometrical treatises by him are extant1 & a "w on weights appe>s 9 ,lat9 translation4#bfgh ,a gr\p ( f\r a/ronomical treatises by him also occurs ) fair frequ5cy 9 m$ieval manuscripts4#bfgi ,on ! basis ( ^! specim5s ( 8 a/ronomy ,delambre 0 n mov$ to assign him any great place 9 ! hi/ory ( ! sci5ce2#bfhj ,*wolson objects t !y are too brief to d him ju/ice1#bfha b !y are probably ! cream ( 8 own contributions to ! subject or ! middle ages w\ld n h translat$ & pres]v$ !m s s$ul\sly4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 occult sci5ce4 ,:atev] ,!bit's contributions to positive k may or may n h be51 !re is no dispute z to ! fact t he 0 giv5 to occult sci5ce & ev5 sup]/ition4 ,8 attitude t[>ds al*emy1 inde$1 is d\btful1 z a "w ( al*emy is ascrib$ to him 9 "o manuscript ( ! f\rte5? c5tury & "s notes aga9/ ! art 9 ano!r#bfhb4 ,b ( 8 adhesion to a/rology !re is no d\bt#bfhc1 & ,*wolson notes 8 int]e/ 9 ! my/ic p[] ( lett]s & magic comb9ations ( !m#bfhd4 ,b ! "o out/&+ example ( 8 occult sci5ce is 8 treatise on images1 :i* seems to h be5 a favorite ) ! ,lat9 middle ages1 s9ce x appe>s to h be5 translat$ into ,lat9 twice1 by ,adel>d ( ,ba?#bfhe & by ,john ( ,seville#bfhf1 s9ce ! manuscripts ( x are num]\s1#bfhg & x also 0 pr9t$1#bfhh & s9ce ,!bit is cit$ z an au?ority on ! subject ( images by su* m$ieval writ]s z ,rog] ,bacon1 ,alb]tus ,magnus1#bfhi ! au?or ( ,picatrix1#bfij ,pet] ( ,abano1#bfia & ,cecco d',ascoli4#bfib ,sid5ote3 ,a/rological & magic images4 ,! "w beg9s by emphasiz+ ! ne$ ( a k ( a/ronomy 9 ord] to p]=m feats ( magic 7prae/igia74 ,! images describ$ are a/ronomical or a/rological & mu/ be con/ruct$ "u prescrib$ con/ellations 9 ord] to fulfill ! end s\ght4 ,(t51 h[ev]1 !y are human =ms r ?an a/ronomical figures4 ,x is n necess>y to engrave !m ^u gems2 ,!bit expressly /ates t ! mat]ial ( :i* !y are made or ^u :i* !y are engrav$ is unimportant1 & t lead or t9 or bronze or gold or silv] or wax or mud or any?+ y please w d4 ,! ess5tial ?+ & 8! p]fection ( ma/]y0 is c>eful con=mity to a/rological conditions4 ,?is sci5ce ( images is inde$1 z ,ari/otle & ,ptolemy h te/ifi$1 ! acme ( a/rology4 ,nev]!less1 aft] ! image has be5 prop]ly con/ruct$1 !re is usually "s non-a/rological c]emony to be execut$ 9 connection ) x :i* savors ( magic4 ,(t5 ! image is to be buri$1 n h[ev] 9 a grave z 9 ! case ( ! anci5t curses ^u lead tablets1 b 9 ! h\se ( someone conc]n$4 ,once two images are to be plac$ fac+ ea* o!r & wrapp$ 9 a clean clo? be=e bury+ !m4 ,in/ructions are also giv5 z to ! direction 9 :i* ! p]son bury+ ! image %\ld face4 ,also =ms ( words are prescrib$ :i* are to be repeat$ z ! image is buri$4 ,once ! "n ( ! p]son :om x is desir$ to injure is to be writt5 ) 8names ( hate on ! back ( ! image40 ,among ! objects suppos$ to be a*iev$ by su* images are driv+ (f scorpions1 de/roy+ a giv5 region1 caus+ mis=tunes to happ5 to o!rs1 recov]y ( /ol5 objects1 success 9 bus9ess or politics1 protection f possible injury at ! h&s ( ! k+1 or ! caus+ ( an enemy's dea? by br++ him into disfavor ) ! mon>*4 ,! treatise closes1 at lea/ 9 ! pr9t$ text1 ) an admission ( its ess5tially magic "* by say+1 8,& ?is is :at ,god ! highe/ wi%$ to reveal to 8 s]vants conc]n+ magic1 t ,8 "n may be honor$ & prais$ & ev] exalt$ ?r\gh ! ages40 ,b no m5tion is made ( demons1 unless an in/ruction to "n "o image 8by a fam\s "n0 alludes to "s _s4 ,we %all n[ conclude ! pres5t survey ) "s acc\nt ( ,rasis & 8 writ+s1 ) ! exception ( a numb] ( books ( exp]im5ts ascrib$ to him1 b :i* x is impossible to sep>ate f ^? ascrib$ to ,gal5 & o!r au?ors1 & ( :i* we %all treat lat] "u ! head ( su* exp]im5tal lit]ature4 ,sid5ote3 ,life ( ,rasis4 ,! full "n ( ,rasis or ,rhazes 0 ,abu ,bakr ,muhammad ibn ,zak>iya ar-,razi1#bfic ! la/ ^w indicat+ 8 bir?place 9 ,p]sia4 ,! date ( 8 bir? is unc]ta91 p]haps ab\t #hej4 ,he di$ 9 #ibc or #ibd4bfid ,= ! facts ( 8 life we are dep5d5t ^u two ,arabic writ]s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury#bfie :o d little except tell "o 8good0 /ory aft] ano!r ab\t him1 or quote 8 fam\s say+s1 mo/ ( :i* s\nd z if cull$ f ! works ( ,gal54 ,:5 ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age ,rasis came to ,bagdad & is said to h be5 attract$ to ! /udy ( m$ic9e by he>+ h[ an inflam$ & swoll5 =e>m :i* gave great pa9 0 m>vel\sly cur$ by ! application ( an h]b1 :i* came to be call$ 8! vivifi] ( ! _w40 ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! t5? c5tury ,rasis s]v$ z physician 9 ! hospital at ,bagdad4 ,accord+ to ,)+ton he has be5 call$ 8! fir/ & mo/ orig9al ( ! great ,moslem physicians40 ,he also 0 int]e/$ 9 philosophy & al*emy1 z 8 writ+s w %[4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 #bcb works4 ,!re has come d[n to u a li/ ( "s #bcb works ascrib$ to ,rasis4#bfif ,"s ( !m are probably m]ely diff]5t word+s ( ! same title1 o!rs are v likely *apt]s repeat$ f 8 long] works1 b at any rate !y s]ve to give u "s idea ( 8 int]e/s & ! gr\nd he cov]$1 al?\gh ( c\rse "s may be incorrectly attribut$ to him4 ,editions ( ! ,lat9 translations ( "s ( 8 *ief m$ical works 7 pr9t$ be=e ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury at ,milan 9 #adha & ,b]gamo 9 #adig4bfig ,^! conta9 ! fam\s ,lib] ,almansoris or ,lib] ,el-,mansuri dictus ) its t5 subord9ate treatises3 7#a7 introduction to m$ic9e & discussion ( human anatomy1 7#b7 ! doctr9e ( temp]am5ts & humors & a discussion ( ! art ( physiognomy1#bfih ) a *apt] on h[ to select slaves1 7#c7 diet & drugs1 7#d7 hygi5e1 7#e7 cosmetics1 7#f7 rules ( heal? & m$ic9es = travel]s1 7#g7 surg]y or 8! art ( b9d+ up brok5 bones & conc]n+ w\nds & ulc]s10 7#h7 poisons1 7#i7 treatm5t ( diseases f head to foot1 7#aj7 fev]s4 ,foll[+ ?is 9 bo? editions come 8 works on ,divisions1 on diseases ( ! jo9ts1 on ! diseases ( *ildr51 & 8 ,aphorisms or six books ( m$ic9al secrets4 ,o!r writ+s by ,rasis f\nd 9 "o or bo? ( ! pr9t$ editions are a brief treatise on ,surg]y1 ,caut]y1 & ,lee*es1#bfii ! book ( ,synonyms1 ! table ( antidotes1 & "s o!rs :i* we %all h occasion to m5tion lat]4 ,8 treatise on ! pe/il5ce or on smallpox & measles 0 pr9t$ _m times f ! fifte5? to sixte5? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,*>latans discuss$4 ,9 ! li/ ( #bcb titles are ?ree works :i* all seem to be> on ! same po9t & are p]haps diff]5t descriptions ( "o treatise1 or else %[ t ?is 0 a favorite !me ) ,rasis4 ,! idea 9 all ?ree seems to be t no physician is p]fect or c cure all diseases ( all pati5ts1 t ?is is :y _m p]sons g to *>latans1 & :y sometimes quacks1 old-wives1 & popul> practice succe$ 9 c]ta9 cases :]e ! mo/ le>n$ doctors h fail$4#bgjj ,sid5ote3 ,8 int]e/ 9 natural sci5ce4 ,o!r titles %[ t ,rasis 0 int]e/$ 9 natural sci5ce & n m]ely 9 ! practice ( m$ic9e4 ,besides :at w\ld appe> to h be5 a g5]al treatise entitl$1 ,op9ions conc]n+ ,natural ,?+s1 he wrote on optics1 hold+ t vision 0 n by rays s5t =? f ! eye1 & discuss+ "s ( ! figures 9 ! "w on optics ascrib$ to ,euclid4 ,9 a lett] he inquir$ into ! reason = ! creation ( wild bea/s & v5om\s reptiles2 & 9 a ?ird treatise wrote ( ! magnet's attraction = iron & ( vacuums4#bgja ,8 int]e/ 9 natural philosophy ( a r !oretical sort is indicat$ by an ,explanation ( ! book ( ,plut>* or comm5t>y on ! book ( ,timaeus4#bgjb ,o!r titles atte/ 8 exp]im5tal t5d5cy4#bgjc ,sid5ote3 ,rasis & al*emy4 ,eight titles deal ) al*emy#bgjd & %[ t ,rasis reg>d$ transmutation z possible4 ,"o is a reply to ,alk9di :o held ! opposite op9ion4#bgje ,none ( ^! writ+s seem to be extant 9 ,arabic1 h[ev]1 & ! ,lat9 works ( al*emy ascrib$ to ,rasis are g5]ally reg>d$ z spuri\s4 ,! ?irte5? c5tury encyclop$i/1 ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais1 made a numb] ( citations f ! treatise ,de salibus et alum9ibus attribut$ to ,rasis1 b ,b]!lot#bgjf reg>d$ ?is "w z lat] ?an ,rasis & x is n f\nd among our eight titles4 ,! ,lum5 lum9is1 :i* is ascrib$ to ,rasis#bgjg & seems to h be5 translat$ by ,mi*ael ,scot#bgjh 9 ! e>ly ?irte5? c5tury1 is also ma9ly devot$ to ^! two sub/ances1 salts & alums4 ,a ,book ( ,sev5ty is ascrib$ to ,rasis z well z to ,geb]4 ,b]!lot 0 incl9$ to ?9k t a ,book ( ,secrets p]haps w5t back to ,rasis4 ,at lea/ "s good /ories are told by ,arabic *ronicl]s ( ,rasis' connection ) al*emy4 ,"o is to ! effect t he ab&on$ ! art z a result ( a s\nd beat+ to :i* ! caliph subject$ him :5 he fail$ to transmute metals at ord]4 ,ano!r /ates t 9 prep>+ ! elixir he injur$ 8 eyes ) its vapors & 0 cur$ by a physician :o *>g$ him a fee ( five hundr$ d9>s4 ,rasis paid ! doctor's bill1 b1 rem>k+ t at la/ he _h discov]$ ! true al*emy & ! be/ art ( mak+ gold1 devot$ ! rema9d] ( 8 life to ! /udy & practice ( m$ic9e4#bgji ,sid5ote3 ,titles sugge/ive ( a/rology & magic4 ,rasis also wrote treatises on ma!matics & ! />s b x is n always easy to inf] _! cont5ts f ! titles :i* h alone rea*$ u or to tell :5 ma!matica means a/rology4 ,9 "o "w he seems to h %[n ! excell5ce & utility ( ma!matica1 b to h confut$ ^? :o extoll$ x beyond measure4#bgaj ,9 a lett] he d5i$ t ! ris+ & sett+ ( ! sun & o!r planets 0 because ( ! e>?'s motion & held t x 0 due to ! movem5t ( ! cele/ial orb4#bgaa ,9 ano!r lett] he discuss$ ! op9ion ( natural philosoph]s conc]n+ ! sci5ces ( ! />s & :e!r or n ! />s 7 liv+ be+s4#bgab ,rasis also discuss$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 dreams f :i* ! future c be =eca/ & o!r dreams4#bgac ,! title1 ,( exorcisms1 fasc9ations1 & incantations1 "u :i*1 accord+ to ,negri's ,lat9 translation ,rasis discuss$ ! causes & cures ( diseases by ^! me?ods & magic arts1 %\ld1 9 ,rank+'s op9ion1 be m accurately translat$ z ,! ,book ( ,divisions & ,bran*es4#bgad ,a "w ,on ! ,necessity ( ,pray] is also includ$ 9 ! li/ ( #bcb works ascrib$ to ,rasis1#bgae :ile a ,lapid>y produc$ = ,w5zel ,,ii ( ,bohemia 7#abgh-acje7 cites ,rasis ,on ! virtues ( words & *>act]s4#bgaf ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion4 ,h]e) we conclude our pres5t survey ( ,arabian occult sci5ce especially 9 ! n9? c5tury1 al?\gh 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s we %all frequ5tly enc\nt] its influ5ce4 ,we h f\nd ! occult sci5ce closely associat$ ) natural sci5ce & difficult to sev] f x4 ,9 ! au?ors & works review$ we h f\nd bo? scepticism & sup]/ition1 bo? rationalism & empiricism4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ impressive po9t is t ev5 sup]/ition pret5ds to be or attempts to be sci5tific4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix ,,lat9 ,,a/rology ,,& ,,div9ation3 ,,especially ,,9 ,,! ,,n9?1 ,,t5?1 ,,& ,,elev5? ,,c5turies ,a/rology 9 ,gaul be=e ! twelf? c5tury--,figures ( a/rological m$ic9e--,! div9e quat]nities ( ,ra\l ,glab]--,cele/ial port5ts & o!r m>vels--,an elev5? c5tury cal5d>--,a/rology & div9ation 9 ecclesia/ical compoti--,notk] on ! my/ic date ( ,ea/]--,pr$iction f ! ,kal5ds ( ,janu>y--,o!r div9ation by ! day ( ! week--,div9ation by ! day ( ! moon--,au?or%ip ( moon-books--,sph]es ( life & dea?3 9 ,greek--,m$ieval ,lat9 v]sions--,survival ( su* me?ods 9 m$ical practice ( ab\t #adjj--;,egyptian days--,_! hi/ory--,m$ieval attempts to expla9 !m--,o!r p]il\s days--,firmicus read by an ar*bi%op ( ,york--,relation ( ,lat9 a/rology to ,arabic--,app5dix ,i4 ,"s manuscripts ( ! ,sph]e ( ,py?agoras or ,apuleius--,app5dix ,,ii4 ,egyptian days 9 e>ly m$ieval manuscripts4 ,sid5ote3 ,a/rology 9 ,gaul be=e ! twelf? c5tury4 ,a/rology _h cont9u$ to fl\ri% 9 ,gaul 9 ! la/ decl9+ days ( ! ,roman ,empire1 despite ! /rictures ( ,*ri/ian writ]s & cl]gy1#bgag & x 0 "o ( ! fir/ subjects to revive aft] ! d>kness ( ! ,m]ov+ian p]iod4 ,two c5turies ago ,g\jet 9 a treatise on ! /ate ( ! sci5ces 9 ,france f ! dea? ( ,*>lemagne to t ( ,k+ ,rob]t not$ t f ! reign ( ,*>lemagne a/ronomy cont9u$ to be increas+ly /udi$4 8,! c\ncils 9 _! decrees1 ! bi%ops 9 _! /atutes1 ! k+s 9 _! capitul>ies1 expressly recomm5d$ ! /udy ( x to ! cl]gy40#bgah ,) ! /udy ( a/ronomy naturally develop$ a belief 9 a/rology4 ,accord+ to ! ,hi/oire ,littraire de la ,france x became q ! fa%ion dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ! ,pi\s1 ,*>lemagne's successor1 :5 we are told t !re 0 no great "l b _h 8 own a/rolog]4 ,adalmus1 be=e he became abbot ( ,ca/res1 wa/$ mu* "t ^u ?is pseudo-sci5ce1 & ,rabanus ,maurus %[$ t5d5cies 9 t direction4 ,9 ! t5? c5tury su* cele/ial ph5om5a z comets & eclipses 7 fe>$ z s9i/] port5ts1 & m5 resort$ to en*antm5ts1 auguries1 & o!r =ms ( div9ation4#bgai ,a brief treatise 9 a manuscript ( ! n9? c5tury 9 ! ,vatican libr>y also develops ! !sis t comets signify disa/]s4#bgbj ,9 ! elev5? c5tury ,engelb]t1 a monk ( ,lige1 & ,odo1 tea*] at ,t\rnai1 7 devot$ to ! /udy ( ! />s2 & ,gilb]t ,mam9ot1 bi%op ( ,lisieux1 & = a "t *apla9 & physician to ,william ! ,conqu]or1 w\ld r sp5d 8 nights 9 />-gaz+ ?an 9 sleep4 8,b :at 0 ! outcome ( all ?is toil & /udy80 inquires ! ,hi/oire ,littraire & replies to its own "q1 8,! mak+ ( "s wret*$ a/rolog]s & n a s+le true a/ronom]60#bgba ,sid5ote3 ,figures ( a/rological m$ic9e4 ,^! words 7 writt5 ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s ago1 b su* a rec5t inve/igation ( manuscripts 9 ,fr5* libr>ies z t ( ,wick]%eim] on figures illu/rative ( a/rological m$ic9e f ! n9?1 t5?1 & elev5? c5turies has on ! :ole confirm$ ! importance ( a/rology 9 ! meag] le>n+ ( t "t4#bgbb ,! manuscripts 9 ,engli% libr>ies1 ,i h f\nd1 tell a simil> /ory4 ,( ! human figures m>k$ ) ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac1 :i* become s common 9 ! manuscripts by ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & 9 :i* ! head re/s ^u ! ,ram1 ! feet on ,pisces1 :ile ! int]v5+ memb]s ( ! body are m>k$ by _! respective signs1--( ^! ,wick]%eim] f\nd none be=e ! twelf? c5tury4 ,b 9 a m$ical manuscript ( ! elev5? c5tury ! twelve signs ) _! names & ! names ( ! p>ts ( ! human body to :i* !y apply are gr\p$ ab\t a half figure ( ,*ri/1 :o has ,8 "r h& rais$ to bless1 :ile ab\t ,8 head is a halo or sun-disk ) twelve rays4#bgbc ,less favorable to a/rology is ! accompany+ leg5d1 8,accord+ to ! rav+s ( ! philosoph]s ! twelve signs are ?us d5ot$40 ,on ! page foll[+ ! text describes ! twelve signs 8accord+ to ! ,g5tiles40 ,s*emes 9 :i* ! _w1 ! ye>1 & man 7 associat$1 & :]e are %[n ! f\r elem5ts1 f\r seasons1 f\r humors1 f\r temp]am5ts1 f\r ages1 f\r c>d9al po9ts1 & f\r w9ds1 are frequ5tly f\nd 9 extant manuscripts ( ! n9?1 t5?1 & elev5? c5turies4#bgbd ,sid5ote3 ,! div9e quat]nities ( ,ra\l ,glab]4 ,su* association rem9ds "o ( ! op5+ ( ! *ronicle ( ,ra\l ,glab]1 writt5 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 8,s9ce we are to treat ( ev5ts 9 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>?1 x w be well to t\* fir/ ^u ! p[] ( div9e & ab/ract quat]nity40 ,!re are f\r elem5ts1 he gives u to und]/&1 f\r virtues & f\r s5ses4 ,!re are f\r ,gospels & !y h _! relation to ! f\r elem5ts4 ,mat!w1 deal+ ) ,*ri/'s inc>nation1 corresponds to e>?2 ,m>k to wat]1 s9ce x emphasizes baptism2 ,luke to air1 because x is ! longe/ ,gospel2 & ,john to fire or e!r z ! mo/ spiritual4 ,9 l mann] c be associat$ ) ! f\r c>d9al virtues ^? f\r fam\s riv]s :i* _h _! s\rces 9 ,p>adise3 ,phison & prud5ce1 ,geon & temp]ance1 ! ,tigris & =titude1 ! ,euphrates & ju/ice4 ,f9ally ! ages ( ! _w are f\nd to be f\r by ,ra\l1 in/ead ( ! six eras correspond+ to ! days ( creation :i* we f9d 9 ,isidore1 ,b$e1 & o!r m$ieval hi/orians2 & ^! f\r ages also relate to ! f\r virtues4 ,! days ( ,abel1 ,eno*1 & ,noah 7 days ( prud5ce2 b on leav+ ,noah we h temp]ance m>k+ ! age ( ,abraham & ! patri>*s2 =titude is ! feature ( ! "t ( ,moses & ! prophets2 :ile ju/ice *>act]izes ! p]iod s9ce ! inc>nation ( ! ,^w4 ,sid5ote3 ,cele/ial port5ts & o!r m>vels4 ,! fai? ( ,ra\l & 8 contempor>ies 9 ! my/ic significance ( numb]s1 if n also 9 a/rology1 & ! fact t !y 7 con/antly on ! look\t = port5ts & prodigies1 are fur!r atte/$ by ! /ress laid 9 8 *ronicle ^u ! ?\s&? anniv]s>ies ( ,*ri/'s bir? & ( ,8 passion4 ,says ,ra\l1 8,aft] ! multiplicity ( prodigies :i*1 al?\gh "s came a little be=e & "s a trifle aft]w>ds1 happ5$ 9 ! _w ar\nd ! ?\s&? ye> ( ,*ri/ ! ,"l1 !re 7 _m indu/ri\s m5 ( sagaci\s m9d :o prophesi$ t !re w\ld be o!rs n inf]ior to ^! 9 ! ?\s&? ye> ( our ,"l's passion40 ,t !y 7 n mi/ak5 9 ?is premonition he %[s lat] by sev]al *apt]s1 includ+ an acc\nt ( ! eclipse ( ! sun 9 t ye>4 ,l _m ano!r m$ieval hi/orian1 ,ra\l is c>eful to note ! appe>ance ( comets--9 ! ,bayeux tape/ry ( ! same c5tury "o m>ks ! dea? ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor2 ,ra\l also believes t if a liv+ p]son is visit$ by spirits1 ei!r good or evil1 x is a sign ( 8 approa*+ dea?2 he holds ! usual view t demons may sometimes "w m>vels by div9e p]mission1 & tells ( a magician-impo/or :om he saw "w miracles ^u pseudo-relics4 ,b f ! sup]/ition ( m$ieval *ronicl]s we mu/ turn back to a/rological manuscripts prop]4 ,sid5ote3 ,an elev5? c5tury cal5d>4 ,an elev5? c5tury cal5d> at ,ami5s#bgbe reveals bo? a simple =m ( a/rological m$ic9e & a belief 9 "s peculi> significance ( ! numb] sev51 :e!r z a sacr$ or an a/rological numb]4 ,at ! head ( ea* mon? are brief in/ructions z to :at h]bs to use dur+ t mon?1 z to ble$+ & ba?+1 & :at disease may mo/ easily be cur$ !n4#bgbf ,9 ! same manuscript "o m9iature %[s someone /rik+ sev5 bells ) a hamm]1 p]haps z notes 9 a scale1 & ano!r m9iature repres5ts a sev5-bran*$ c&le/ick1 ( :i* ! bran*es are respectively label$1 8,_s ( piety1 ,_s ( =titude1 ,_s ( intellect1 ,_s ( wisdom1 ,_s ( prud5ce1 ,_s ( sci5ce1 ,_s ( ! fe> ( ,god40#bgbg ,sid5ote3 ,a/rology & div9ation 9 ecclesia/ical ,compoti4 ,inde$ works ( a/rology & div9ation are especially likely to be f\nd 9 ! same manuscripts ) ecclesia/ical cal5d>s & computi4 ,computus or compotus1 z "o manuscript /ates1 0 8! sci5ce consid]+ times40#bgbh ,= example1 9 a brief compotus ( ! n9? c5tury#bgbi a div9+ sph]e ( ,py?agoras occurs twice1 & we h also a moon book1 an acc\nt ( ! ,egyptian days1 & a me?od ( div9ation f w9ds4 ,9 a twelf? c5tury manuscript1#bgcj s&wi*$ 9 betwe5 cal5d>s & reckon+s ( ,ea/] & eclipses & ,b$e's "w ,on ! ,natures ( ,?+s1 are a sph]e ( div9ation1 an acc\nt ( ,egyptian days1 a me?od ( div9ation f ?und]1 & a portion ( a "w on judicial a/rology beg9n+ ) ! elev5? *apt] :i* tells h[ to det]m9e :e!r anyone w be poor or ri* by inspection ( ! planet 9 8 nativity4#bgca ,sid5ote3 ,notk] on ! my/ic date ( ,ea/]4 ,! v dat+ ( ,ea/] itself might be ! occasion = indulg+ 9 my/ic speculation ( a semi-a/rological nature4 ,?us ,notk] ,labeo1 c #iej-ajbb1 ! well-kn[n monk ( ,/4 ,gall1#bgcb 9 a treatise to 8 disciple ,erk5h>d on f\r que/ions ( compotus1#bgcc /ates t ! pr9cipal problem1 ) :i* all o!rs are connect$1 is t ( ! date ( ,ea/]4 ,he gives ! "t z 9 ! fir/ full moon aft] ! v]nal equ9ox1 b adds t ?is is because ( a c]ta9 my/]y4 ,= if !re 7 no my/]y connect$ ) ! date ( ,ea/]1 & x m]ely celebrat$ l o!r fe/ivals ! memory ( an ev5t :i* once happ5$1 !re is no d\bt b t x w\ld occur e ye> )\t v>iation ^u ! tw5ty-sev5? ( ,m>*1 :i* 0 ! day ( ! ,"l's resurrection4 ,b z aft] ! v]nal equ9ox ! days gr[ long] ?an ! nights1 & z at ! full ( ! moon its spl5dor is revolv$ on high1 s we %\ld ov]come ! d>kness ( s9 by ! light ( piety & fai? & turn our m9ds f e>?ly to cele/ial ?+s1 if we wi% to celebrate ,ea/] wor?ily4 ,sid5ote3 ,pr$iction f ! ,kal5ds ( ,janu>y4 ,b let u consid] 9 m detail ! me?ods ( div9ation f\nd 9 su* manuscripts4 ,simple/ ( all p]haps are pr$ictions z to ! "* ( ! ensu+ ye> accord+ to ! day ( ! week ^u :i* ! fir/ ( ,janu>y falls4 ,= example1 8,if ! kal5ds ( ,janu>y %all be on ! ,"l's day1 ! w9t] w be good & mild & w>m1 ! spr+ w9dy1 & ! summ] dry4 ,good v9tage1 increas+ flocks2 honey w be abundant2 ! old m5 w die2 & peace w be made40#bgcd ,9 "s manuscripts ^! pr$ictions conc]n+ ! wea!r1 crops1 w>s1 & k+ = ! ensu+ ye> are call$ ,supputatio ,esdrae or signs :i* ,god reveal$ to ! prophet ,esdras4#bgce ,9 ano!r manuscript#bgcf ! wea!r = w9t] & summ] is pr$ict$ accord+ to ! day ( ! week ^u :i* ,*ri/mas falls & ,l5t beg9s4 ,*ri/mas ( c\rse 0 sometimes reg>d$ z ! fir/ day ( ! new ye> & 9 any case x falls on ! same day ( ! week z ! foll[+ fir/ ( ,janu>y4 ,9 a n9? c5tury manuscript#bgcg pr$ictions = ! ensu+ ye> are made accord+ z !re is w9d 9 ! night on ,*ri/mas eve & ! elev5 nights foll[+4 ,= in/ance1 8,if !re is w9d 9 ! night on ! night ( ! natal day ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 t ye> k+s & pontiffs w p]i%10 & 8,if on twelf? night !re %all be w9d1 k+s w p]i% 9 w>40 ,sid5ote3 ,o!r div9ation by ! day ( ! week ,div9ation f ?und] is ano!r =m ( judicial a/rology1 if x may s be call$1 f\nd 9 ^! e>ly manuscripts4 ,p]haps ! simple/ v>iety ( x is accord+ to ! day ( ! week on :i* ?und] is he>d4#bgch ,pr$ictions 7 also made accord+ to ! mon? 9 :i* ?und] 0 he>d1#bgci or ! direction f :i* x 0 he>d4#bgdj ,x may be recall$ t ! ?ree *apt]s ( ,b$e's translation ( "s "w on div9ation f ?und] _h be5 respectively devot$ to ^! ?ree me?ods by ! direction f :i* ! ?und] is he>d1 ! mon?1 & ! day ( ! week4 ,nativities ( infants are also giv5 accord+ to ! day ( ! week on :i* !y are born1 & fur!r tak+ into acc\nt :e!r ! h\r ( bir? is diurnal or nocturnal4#bgda ,x is also reg>d$ z important to note ^u :i* day ( ! week ! new moon occurs1#bgdb & we are fur!r in=m$ ( ! v>i\s h\rs ( ! days ( ! week :5 x is advisable to p]=m blood-lett+4#bgdc ,9 a me?od ( div9ation accord+ to ! day ( ! week & ! lett]s 9 ! boy's or girl's "n ! ,"l's day is assign$ ! numb] ?irte51 ! day 8( ! moon0 eighte51 & t 8( ,m>s0 fifte54#bgdd ,s9ce ! days ( ! week bore ! names ( ! planets1 x 0 n /range t !y %\ld h be5 cr$it$ ) some?+ ( ! virtues ( ! />s4 ,sid5ote3 ,div9ation by ! day ( ! moon4 ,a common] me?od ( div9ation & "o m ne>ly approa*+ approv$ a/rological doctr9e 0 t by ! day ( ! mon? or moon4 ,briefe/ ( su* moon-books is t :i* m]ely designates ea* ( ! ?irty days z favorable or unfavorable4#bgde ,we also f9d a ,lun>ium = ! sick1 /at+ ! pati5t's prospects f ! day ( ! moon on :i* he contract$ 8 illness2#bgdf a "w ascrib$ to 8,sa9t ,daniel0 on nativities by ! day ( ! moon2#bgdg & an equally brief int]pretation ( dreams ^u ! same basis4#bgdh ,or all ^! matt]s may be consid]$ 9 ! same treatise & ea* ( !m some:at m fully1 & we may be told :e!r ! day is a good "o on :i* to buy & sell1 to bo>d a %ip1 to ent] a city1 to op]ate ^u a pati5t1 to s5d *ildr5 (f to s*ool1 to bre$ animals1 to build an aqu$uct or mill1 or :e!r x is be/ to ab/a9 on x f mo/ bus9ess4 ,also su* pr$ictions z t ! boy born on t day w be illu/ri\s1 a/ute1 wise1 & lett]$2 t he w enc\nt] dang] on ! wat]1 b w live to old age if he escapes2 :ile ! girl born on ! same day w be 8*a/e1 b5ign1 good-look+1 & pleas+ to m540 ,t anyone :o takes to 8 b$ on t day w suff] a long sickness1 b t x is a favorable day = blood-lett+1 & t "o %\ld n worry ab\t dreams he has !n1 s9ce !y possess no significance ei!r = good or evil4 ,also :at *ance !re is ( recov]+ articles /ol5 on t day4#bgdi ,9 lat] manuscripts at lea/ x is fur!r /at$ t c]ta9 ,biblical *>act]s 7 born on ?is day or t day ( ! moon3 ,adam on ! fir/1 ,eve on ! second1 ,ca9 on ! ?ird1 ,abel on ! f\r?1 & s on4#bgej ,sid5ote3 ,au?or%ip ( moon-books4 ,9 ! e>ly manuscripts moon-books are anonym\s or ascrib$ to ,daniel1 b 9 lat] m$ieval manuscripts o!r au?ors are nam$4 ,! "n ( ,adam is c\pl$ ) t ( ,daniel 9 bo? ( two r elaborate moon-books 9 a f\rte5? c5tury manuscript1#bgea :]e ,adam is said to h work$ out ^! 8lunations0 8by true exp]i5ce40 ,a fifte5? c5tury "o is attribut$ to a philosoph]1 a/rolog]1 & physician nam$ ,edris1#bgeb p]haps ! ,esdras ( ! me?od ( div9ation by ! kal5ds ( ,janu>y r ?an ! ,arab ,edrisi4 ,x briefly pr$icts f ! relation ( ! moon to ! twelve signs :e!r pati5ts w recov] & captives escape4 ,9 a sixte5? c5tury manuscript at ,p>is are 8,significations ( ! days ( ! moon :i* ! mo/ excell5t a/ronom] ,bezog> reveal$ to 8 disciples & transmitt$ to !m z a v great secret & mo/ preci\s gift40#bgec ,b su* an ascription is r obvi\sly a late fiction4 ,sid5ote3 ,sph]es ( life & dea?3 9 ,greek4 ,det]m9+ ! fate ( ! pati5t f ! day ( ! moon ^u :i* 8 illness 0 incurr$ ent]s also into c]ta9 sph]es ( life & dea? :i* 7 mu* employ$ 9 ! e>ly middle ages4 ,b 9 ^! ! numb] ( ! day ( ! moon is comb9$ ) a second numb] obta9$ by a num]ical evaluation ( ! lett]s =m+ ! pati5t's "n4 ,?is me?od came d[n f ! anci5t ,greek-speak+ _w1 z 9 a 8,sph]e ( ,democritus1 progno/ic ( life & dea?0 f\nd 9 a ,leyd5 papyrus1#bged :ile ! v simil> ,sph]e ( ,petosiris1 ! my?ical ,egyptian a/rolog]1 is v>i\sly dat$ by ,w4 ,kroll f ! second c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 by ,e4 ,riess f ! fir/ c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 & by ,f4 ,boll 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( our era4#bgee ,! s-call$ 8,sph]e0 is really only a :eel ( =tune1 circle1 or o!r plane figure divid$ into comp>tm5ts :]e diff]5t numb]s are gr\p$ "u su* head+s z 8,life0 & 8,dea?40 ,hav+ calculat$ ! value ( a p]son's "n by add+ toge!r ! ,greek num]als repres5t$ by its compon5t lett]s1 & hav+ fur!r add$ 9 ! day ( ! moon1 "o divides ! sum by "s giv5 divisor & looks = ! quoti5t 9 ! comp>tm5ts4 ,?is me?od ( div9ation 0 also employ$ 9 reg>d to fugitive slaves & ! outcome ( gladiatorial combats4#bgef ,sid5ote3 ,m$ieval ,lat9 v]sions4 ,9 ! m$ieval ,lat9 v]sions ( ^! ,sph]es ( life & dea? ! num]ical value ( ! ,greek lett]s 0 naturally usually lo/ & arbitr>y num]ical equival5ts 7 assign$ to ! ,roman lett]s or "s o!r me?od ( calculation 0 sub/itut$4 ,! ,sph]e ( ,petosiris 0 p]petuat$ 9 ! =m ( a lett] by him to ,ne*epso1 k+ ( ,egypt4#bgeg ,b m common ?an ?is 9 manuscripts ( ! n9?1 t5?1 & elev5? c5turies 0 ! ,sph]e ( life & dea? ( ,apuleius or ,py?agoras or bo?#bgeh :i* replac$ t ( ,democritus4 ,l x1 x consi/$ ( ! numb]s f "o to ?irty arrang$ 9 six comp>tm5ts1 ?ree above a l9e ea* conta9+ six numb]s1 & ?ree bel[ ! l9e hav+ f\r ea*4 ,john ( ,salisbury1 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 presumably ref]s to x :5 he speaks ( div9ation or lot-ca/+ 8by inspection ( ! s-call$ ,py?agorean table02#bgei & x cont9ues to be f\nd ) great frequ5cy 9 ! manuscripts ( subsequ5t c5turies4#bgfj ,x is n to be confus$1 h[ev]1 ) ! ,pr5o/ica ,pitagorice1 a m elaborate1 al?\gh some:at simil>1 me?od ( div9ation by means ( geomantic tables1 ( :i* we %all treat lat] 9 ! *apt] on ,b]n>d ,silve/]4 ,a ,sph]e ascrib$ to ,/4 ,donatus 9 a twelf? c5tury manuscript includes in/ructions h[ to det]m9e ! sign ( ! zodiac "u :i* a p]son 0 born by comput+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 8 "n & 8 "m's "n4 ,if ?is am\nts to f\r lett]s1 he 0 born "u ! f\r? sign1 & s on4#bgfa ,sid5ote3 ,survival ( su* me?ods 9 m$ical practice ( ab\t #adjj4 ,! survival ( su* sup]/iti\s me?ods ( div9ation into ! lat] middle ages is atte/$ n only by ! frequ5t recurr5ce ( ! ,sph]e ( ,apuleius & ! div9ations f ! kal5ds ( ,janu>y 9 manuscripts ( ! lat] c5turies1 b by ! m$ical notebook1 writt5 9 middle ,engli%1 ( ,john ,crophill1 :o practic$ m$ic9e 9 ,suffolk "u ,h5ry ,,iv4#bgfb ,besides a record ( 8 pati5ts & ! sums ( money due f !m1 rules ( diet+ & blood-lett+ = ! twelve mon?s ( ! ye>1 & 8 8m regul> & ma/]ly obs]vations ^u ,ur910 8 notes include a treatise on a/rological m$ic9e :i*1 9 ! s>ca/ic language ( ! old catalogue ( ! ,h>leian ,manuscripts1 concludes 8) a ma/]piece ( art1 namely1 a tretys or *apt] ( #8,calculation to "k :at ?\ wilt1' & ?is by obs]vation ( p]sons' names40 ,! notebook also conta9s 8,oracul> ,answ]s prep>$ be=eh& by ?is great ,doctor = ^? ( bo? ,sexes :o %all come to consult him 9 ! mom5t\s affair ( ,matrimony2 accord+ to ! sev]al ,mon?s ( ! ye> :]e9 !y %\ld apply !mselves40 ,fur!r cont5ts are an incantation 9 ,lat9 = wom5 9 *ild-bir?1 & 8,! names ( ! #ab signs ) su* m>ks z %ew t ?is ,john ,crophill 0 a dabbl] 9 ,geomancy40 ,sid5ote3 ,egyptian days4 ,brief li/s ( 8,egyptian ,days0 are ( r common occurr5ce 9 bo? ,lat9 & ,anglo-,saxon manuscripts ( ! n9?1 t5?1 & succe$+ c5turies4#bgfc ,(t5 x is m]ely /at$ :at days ( ! ye> !y are2 sometimes x is simply add$ t ! doctor %\ld n ble$ ! pati5t ^u !m4 ,z e>ly z a n9? c5tury manuscript1#bgfd h[ev]1 we are fur!r w>n$ n to take a walk or plant or c>ry on a lawsuit or d any "w ^u ^! days4 ,& "u no circum/ances1 no matt] :at ! seem+ necessity1 is x p]mitt$ to ble$ man or bea/ on ^! days4 ,two ,egyptian days are !n li/$ = ea* mon?1 "o reckon$ z s _m days f ! beg9n+ & ! o!r z s _m days be=e ! close ( ! mon?4 ,elev5 days is ! f>!/ remov$ t any ,egyptian day is f ! fir/ ( ! mon? & twelve ! mo/ f ! close1 s t !y nev] fall 9 ! middle ( a mon? nor on ! v fir/ or la/ day4 ,our n9? c5tury manuscript !n m5tions ?ree ( ^! days 9 ,april1 ,augu/1 & ,decemb] z especially dang]\s4 ,:oev] falls ill or receives a potion on !m is sure to die soon4 ,:oev]1 male or female1 is born on "o ( !m w die an evil & pa9ful dea?4 8,& if "o dr9ks wat] on ^? ?ree days1 he w die )9 =ty days40 ,! acc\nt !n closes ) ! /atem5t t on ! ,egyptian days ! p ( ,egypt 7 curs$ ) ,ph>aoh4 ,9 ano!r n9? c5tury manuscript a b>e li/ ( ! ,egyptian days is foll[$ by a some:at simil> acc\nt ( ! ?ree :i* mu/ be obs]v$ ) especial c>e4#bgfe ,9 a cal5d> ( sa9ts' days 9 ?is same manuscript only ! ?ird ( ,m>* & ! ?ird ( ,july are m>k$ dies egiptiagus4#bgff ,egyptian days are also m>k$ 9 ! cal5d> ( ,m>ianus ,scotus1 ! well-kn[n *ronicl] & *ronologi/4#bgfg ,a some:at diff]5t acc\nt 9 a twelf? c5tury manuscript /ates t 8^! are ! days :i* ,god s5t )\t m]cy40 ,x also1 h[ev]1 li/s two ( !m = ea* mon? & di/+ui%es ! ?ree 9 ,april1 ,augu/1 & ,decemb] z especially dang]\s4#bgfh ,sid5ote3 ,_! hi/ory4 ,!re seems to be no d\bt t ^! ,egyptian days 7 a relic ( ! unlucky days 9 ! anci5t ,egyptian cal5d>1#bgfi ( :i* we le>n f sev]al papyri1 al?\gh ( c\rse ! anci5t ,egyptians 7 also accu/om$ to di/+ui% fur!r ! ?ree divisions ( ea* day z lucky or unlucky4 ,! ,egyptian days are not$ 9 (ficial cal5d>s ( ! ,roman ,empire ab\t #ced ,a4 ,d41 & 9 ! ,fa/i ,philocaliani !re are tw5ty-five 9 all1 ( :i* ?ree fall 9 ,janu>y4 ,9 ! middle ages1 z has already be5 illu/rat$1 !re 7 usually b tw5ty-f\r1 two to ea* mon?4#bggj ,!y 7 m5tion$ 9 ! ,life ( ,proclus by ,m>9us1 & bo? ,ambrose & ,augu/9e te/ifi$ t _m ,*ri/ians /ill _h fai? 9 !m4#bgga ,inde$1 !y pass$ into ! ecclesia/ical cal5d>1 z ! ,franciscan1 ,b>?olomew ( ,engl&1 /ates 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4#bggb ,sid5ote3 ,m$ieval attempts to expla9 !m4 ,by t "t ! notion _h become preval5t t !y 7 anniv]s>ies ( ! days ^u :i* ,god afflict$ ,egypt ) plagues1 z our citations f ! manuscripts h %[n4 ,b>?olomew1 inde$1 is at pa9s to expla9 t ! days are plac$ 9 ! *ur* cal5d>1 8n because "o %\ld omit any?+ ^u !m m ?an ^u o!r days1 b 9 ord] t ,god's miracles may be recall$ to memory40 ,! circum/ance t !re are tw5ty-f\r days does n emb>rass him2 he simply expla9s t ?is proves t ,god s5t m plagues ^u ,egypt ?an ! t5 :i* are especially fam$4 ,our citations f e>li] manuscripts h %[n t mo/ p w\ld n agree ) ,b>?olomew t no?+ %\ld be omitt$ on ^! days4 ,moreov]1 o!r explanations ( _! orig9 _h be5 already giv5 9 ! middle ages ?an t f ! plagues ( ,egypt4 ,honorius ( ,autun /at$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury t !y 7 call$ ,egyptian days because !y _h be5 discov]$ by ! ,egyptians1 & s9ce ,egypt means d>k1#bggc !y are call$ t5ebrosi1 because !y are decl>$ to br+ ! incauti\s to ! %ad[s ( dea?4#bggd ,! ,dom9ican1 ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais1#bgge :o probably wrote 8 encyclop$ia soon aft] t ( ,b>?olomew1 did n f9d ! discrepancy betwe5 t5 plagues & tw5ty-f\r days s easy to expla9 away4 ,he /ates t ( ! two ,egyptian days 9 ea* mon? "o comes ne> ! beg9n+ & ! o!r ne> ! close1 z we h already le>n$4 ,he adds t "s call !m lucky days1 :ile o!rs say t ! a/rolog]s ( ,egypt discov]$ t !y 7 unlucky4 ,yet ano!r explanation ( _! orig9 is t on ^! days ! ,egyptians 7 accu/om$ to sacrifice to demons ) _! own blood1 a circum/ance :i* w\ld n seem to recomm5d !m = inclusion 9 ! ecclesia/ical cal5d>4 ,b]n>d ,gordon1 a m$ical writ] at ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 rev]ts to ! position t ! ,egyptian days 7 9 memory ( ! plagues 9 ,egypt4 ,he decl>es t !re is no s5se 9 ! prohibition ( blood-lett+ ^u ^! days1 s9ce !y h no a/rological significance1 b are ! anniv]s>ies ( miracles work$ by special provid5ce4#bggf ,gilb]t ( ,engl&1 e>li] 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 _h advis$ aga9/ ble$+ on ,egyptian days1 if ! moon 0 !n influ5c$ by any evil planet4#bggg ,sid5ote3 ,o!r p]il\s days4 ,on ! o!r h&1 n only did ! tw5ty-f\r ,egyptian days & ! ?ree 9 ,april1 ,augu/1 & ,decemb] :i* 7 consid]$ especially dang]\s1 cont9ue to be li/$ 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5tury manuscripts1 b imitations ( !m appe>$4 ,?us 9 a f\rte5? c5tury manuscript we read ( =ty p]il\s days :i* %\ld be obs]v$ ) ! utmo/ c>e & :i* ,greek ma/]s h te/$ by exp]i5ce2#bggh :ile 9 a second manuscript ( ! clos+ m$ieval p]iod appe> fifty-eight dang]\s days 8accord+ to ! ,arabs40#bggi ,( ! ,greek days only tw5ty-n9e are actually li/$1 sev5 9 ,janu>y1 ?ree 9 ,febru>y1 & s on1 omitt+ ! mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/ entirely1 :i* p]haps %\ld conta9 ! miss+ elev5 days4#bghj ,! ,arabic days v>y 9 numb] p] mon? f sev5 9 ,m>*1 :i* is ! fir/ mon? li/$1 to ?ree 9 ,febru>y4 8,& !re are f\r o!r days & nights accord+ to ,b$e on :i* no "o is ev] born or conceiv$1 & if by *ance a male is conceiv$ or born1 its body w nev] be fre$ f putridity40#bgha ,sid5ote3 ,firmicus read by an ar*bi%op ( ,york4 ,t a/rological k 9 ,engl&1 at lea/ soon aft] ! ,norman conque/1 0 n limit$ to su* meag] & simple treatises z ! moon-books describ$ above f ,anglo-,saxon manuscripts1 is se5 f ! clos+ incid5t 9 ! c>e] ( ,g]>d1 a le>n$ & eloqu5t man1 bi%op ( ,h]e=d "u ,william ,rufus & ar*bi%op ( ,york "u ,h5ry ,i1 :om he support$ 9 ! inve/iture /ruggle ) ,anselm & ! pope4 ,! /ory goes t ,g]>d1 :o _h be5 feel+ slightly indispos$1 lay d[n to re/ & enjoy ! fre% air & fragrance ( ! fl[]s 9 a g>d5 ne> 8 palace1 ask+ 8 *apla9s to leave him = a :ile4 ,on _! return aft] d9n] !y f\nd him dead1 & b5ea? ! cu%ion ^u :i* 8 head re/$ 0 a copy ( ! a/rological "w ( ,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus4 ,g]>d _h n be5 popul> ) ! inhabitants ( ,york1 & :5 8 corpse 0 br\ght back to t[n1 boys /on$ ! bi] & ! canons refus$ x burial )9 ! ca!dral1 :i*1 h[ev]1 8 successor grant$4 8,8 enemies10 we are told1 8int]pret$ 8 dea?1 )\t ! rites ( ! *ur*1 z a div9e judgm5t = 8 addiction to magical & =bidd5 arts40 ,at any rate ! /ory %[s t ! "w ( ,firmicus 0 well kn[n by ?is "t2 x is f ! elev5? c5tury t ! olde/ manuscripts ( x date2 & we suspect t "s ( 8 enemies 7 r hypocritical 9 ! horror :i* !y express$ at a bi%op's read+ su* a book4 8,too indep5d5t a ?9k] = 8 contempor>ies10 writes ,miss ,bateson1 88 oppon5ts held up _! h&s 9 horror t an a/rological "w by ,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus %\ld be f\nd "u 8 pill[ :5 he di$40#bghb ,! /yle ( ,firmicus is mu* imitat$ by ! anonym\s au?or ( ,! ,laws ( ,h5ry ,i & ano!r legal "w entitl$ ,quadrip>titus writt5 9 #aaad4 ,f4 ,lieb]mann /ates t ! au?or 0 9 ! s]vice ( ar*bi%op ,g]>d a=esaid4#bghc ,sid5ote3 ,relation ( ,lat9 a/rology to ,arabic4 ,*>les ,j\rda9 once made ! g5]alization t be=e ! translation ( ! ,quadrip>tite ( ,ptolemy & ! works ( ! ,arabian a/rolog]s into ,lat9 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 a/rology _h little hold among m5 ( le>n+ 9 we/]n ,europe4#bghd ,an ev5 m errone\s ass]tion 0 t 9 ,burckh>dt's ,die ,kultur d] ,r5aissance 9 ,itali5 t 8at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury0 ! sup]/ition ( a/rology 8sudd5ly appe>$ 9 ! =egr\nd ( ,italian life40#bghe ,ev5 ,j\rda9's ass]tion ! entire pres5t *apt] t5ds to disprove1 b s9ce x has be5 quot$ ) approval by a subsequ5t writ] on ! ?irte5? c5tury1#bghf we may deal ) x a little f>!r4 ,! reason :i* ,j\rda9 add$ 9 support ( 8 g5]alization 0 t be=e ! translations f ! ,arabic 8^? :o cultivat$ a/rology _h no o!r guides ?an ,c5sor9us1 ,manilius1 & ,julius ,firmicus1 :o might inde$ s$uce a few isolat$ dream]s b did n h en\gh weight to conv9ce philosoph]s4 ,ptolemy & ! ,arabs1 on ! contr>y1 appe>$ z ma/]s ( a regul> sci5ce hav+ its own pr9ciples & me?od40 ,?is s\nds z if ,j\rda9 _h n read ,firmicus :o gives a m elaborate pres5tation ( ! art ( a/rology ?an ! elem5t>y ,quadrip>tite ( ,ptolemy4 ,x is true t ,ptolemy _h a great sci5tific reputation f 8 o!r writ+s1 b ,manilius is a poet ( no small m]it1 & !re w\ld be no reason :y an age :i* accept$ ,ovid & ,v]gil z au?orities conc]n+ nature & reg>d$ su* works z ,de vetula & ! ,secret ( ,secrets z g5u9e works ( ,ovid & ,ari/otle1 %\ld draw delicate di/9ctions betwe5 ,firmicus & ,albumas> or ,manilius & ,alk9di4 ,x 0 because read+ ,firmicus & ev5 practic+ ! crud] modes ( div9ation :i* we h describ$ _h already ar\s$ an int]e/ 9 a/rology t o!r works 9 ! field 7 s\ght out & translat$4 ,moreov]1 !re is an ev5 m cog5t objection to ,j\rda9's g5]alization :i* w be develop$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]1 & x is t ! tak+ ov] ( ,arabic a/rology _h already begun long be=e ! twelf? c5tury4 ,we h1 inde$1 9 ! pres5t *apt] told only half ! /ory ( a/rology 9 ! t5? & elev5? c5turies1 & mu/ n[ turn back to ,g]b]t & ! introduction ( ,arabic a/rology4 ,,app5dix ,i ,,"s ,,manuscripts ,,( ,,! ,,sph]e ,,( ,,py?agoras ,,or ,,apuleius ,besides ! copies not$ by ,wick]%eim] 7#aiac7 9 ,fr5* manuscripts f ! n9? to ! elev5? c5turies1 su* z ,laon #djg1 ,orlans #bgf1 & ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afaf1 :]e 9 fact x occurs twice3 at fol4 #gv1 8,ratio sp]e phytagor philosophi quem epulegus descripsit10 & at fol4 #adr1 8,ratio pitag]e de infirmis10--! foll[+ may be li/$4 ,,bn #ebci1 #aj? c5tury1 #ab4 ,h>leian #cjag1 #aj? c5tury1 fol4 #ehr1 8,ratio sph]ae ,py?agorae philosophi quam ,apuleius descripsit40 ,cotton ,tib]ius ,c1 ,,vi1 #aa? c5tury1 fol4 #fv1 ,imag9es vitae et mortis qu>um utraque rotulum t5et longum lit]is et num]is quae ad spha]am ,apuleii ad lat]a adscriptis1 cum v]sibus pag9a circumscriptis4 ,! figures are ( ,vita ) halo1 robes1 & angelic face1 & ( ,mors1 :o we>s only a pair ( draw]s1 ^: ribs %[ ?r\gh 8 fle%1 & :o has w+s l a demon4 ,"o has to turn ! page upside d[n 9 ord] to read "s ( x4 ,,cu ,tr9ity #acfi1 #aa? c5tury1 fol4 #ar1 j be=e ! ,cal5d> ( ,m>ianus ,scotus1 8,racio sp]e pytagorice quam apuleius descripsit40 ,*>tres #aac1 #i? c5tury1 fol4 #ii1 foll[+ works by ,alcu91 8,sp]a ,apuleii ,platonis40 ,ivrea #ai1 #aj? c5tury1 #e1 ,de sp]a ,putagorae4 ,,clm #bbcjg1 #aj-aa? c5tury1 fol4 #aid1 ,ratio spha]ae ,phitagoreae philosophi quam ,apulegius descripsit1 8,petosiris philosophus ,micipso regi salutem 44401 :]e x w\ld seem to be confus$ ) ! lett] ( ,petosiris to ,ne*epso4 ,vatican ,palat4 ,lat4 #agf1 #aj? c5tury1 fol4 #afbv1 8,eulogii ratio sp]ae ,pitagorae philosophi10 9 a ,,ms conta9+ works ( ,j]ome1 ,augu/9e1 & ,ambrose4 ,vatican ,urb4 ,lat4 #bij1 #aa-ac? c5tury1 fol4 #bv1 ,ratio sp]e ,pitagoras quam ,apuleius descripsit2 fol4 #c1 ,petosiris ,micipso regi salutem4 ,i suspect t ! foll[+ w\ld also prove ^u exam9ation to be "o ( ^! ,sph]es ( life & dea?4 ,,clm #ahfbi1 #aj? c5tury1 fol4 #ie1 ,*>act]es lit]>um secret>um1 item incantationes4 ,alphabetum ,graecorum et num]i p] tabulam dispositi2 fol4 #ajf1 ,tractatus de lit]is alphabeti 7my/icus74 ,vatican ,palat4 ,lat4 #dhe1 #i? c5tury1 fol4 #ad1 ,litt]ae graecae cum int]pretatione alphabetica et num]ica4 ,vatican #fdd1 #aj-aa? c5tury1 fol4 #afv4 ,( ! num]\s occurr5ces ( ! ,sph]e ( ,py?agoras or ( ,apuleius 9 ,,mss lat] ?an ! elev5? c5tury ,i h not$ only a few examples4 ,vi5na #becb1 #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #a-b1 ,tractatus a/rologicus de div9&o exitu morborum e positionibus lune et de sph]e ,py?agore4 ,vatican #fdb1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #hb1 a some:at diff]5t mode ( div9ation1 by :i* "o tells :at ano!r is ?9k+ or is hold+ 9 8 h&1 is attribut$ to ,b$e4 ,madrid #ajjaf1 e>ly #ac? c5tury1 fol4 #c1 8sp]a de morte vel vita02 fol4 #hev1 ! lett] ( ,petosiris to ,ne*epso4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ?is ,,ms orig9ally belong$ to an ,engli% ,cluniac mona/]y3 ,hask9s1 ,,ehr 7#aiae71 p4 #fe4 ,,bn #gdhf1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #ffv1 8,canon supra rotam ,pictagore10 op5s1 8,pictagoras is said to h writt5 ?us to ,nasurius1 k+ ( ! ,*aldees20 !n at fol4 #fgr comes 8,! ,sph]e ( ,pictagoras ! philosoph] :i* ,epuleus ,platonicus briefly describ$20 :i* is foll[$ at fol4 #fhr by a long treatise ascrib$ to ,ptolemy1 ,exortatio ad artem presci5tie p?olomei regis egypti1 9 :i* v>i\s que/ions are answ]$ by num]ical & alphabetical calculations & "o is also by ! same me?od ref]r$ to nativities arrang$ "u ! #bh mansions ( ! moon4 ,,cu ,tr9ity #aaji1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #ae1 ,sp]a apulei et platonici2 fol4 #bj1 8,ratio sp]e pictagis philosophe quod apollonius scripsit20 fol4 #cib1 ,s7p7era ,=tune4 ,digby1 #eh1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #av1 8,sp]a philosophorum40 ,bodleian #bf 7,b]n>d #ahga71 #ac-ad? c5tury1 fols4 #bjg & #bafv4 ,bodleian #agg 7,b]n>d #bjgb71 late #ad? c5tury1 #a1 ,py?agorae spha]a quam ,apuleius ex>avit ut scias an aeg] convalescat2 #ad1 fol4 #bbr1 ,apuleii ,platonici ,spha]a de vita et morte et de omnibus negotiis quae inquir]e volu]is4 ,amplon4 ,qu>to #chj1 #ad? c5tury1 at ! close ( a ,geomancy by ,abdallah1 8,sp]a ,apuley de vita et morte vel de omnibus negociis de quibus scire volu]is2 sic facias44440 ,additional #aebcf1 #ac-ad? c5tury1 fol4 #ajh1 8,sp]a 7,pictagore7 de vita et morte sive de re alia quacunque secundum ,apuleium40 ,h>leian #ecaa1 #ae? c5tury1 fold] i1 8,sp]a ,apullei40 ,s4 ,m>co ,,xi1 #aaa1 #af? c5tury1 ascribes a :eel ( life & dea? to 8,b$e ! presbyt]10 & ano!r to ,apollonius & ,py?agoras4 ,,app5dix ,,ii ,,egyptian ,,days ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,m$ieval ,,manuscripts ,! foll[+ citations c\ld probably be greatly multipli$4 ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afaf1 #i? c5tury1 fol4 #abr4 ,digby #fc1 end ( #i? c5tury1 ,anglo-,saxon m9uscule1 fol4 #cf1 8,dies ,egiptia*i40 ,b]l9 #aca 7,phillips #ahfi1 ,tri]71 #i? c5tury1 fol4 #abr4 ,lucca #bcf1 ab\t #ijj ,a4 ,d41 on its la/ #c leaves are ,egyptian days & a dream-book2 describ$ by ,giacosa 7#aija71 p4 #cdi4 ,h>leian #cjag1 #aj? c5tury1 fol4 #eir1 ,de diebus ,egiptiacis qui mali sunt 9 anno circulo4 ,! catalogue dates ?is ,,ms z #ibj ,a4 ,d4 b at fol4 #ffr ! date is giv5 z ,d,c,c,clxii or ,d,c,c,c,clxii 7#ifb ,a4 ,d47--a lett] seems to h be5 eras$ :i* probably 0 ! f\r? ,c4 ,h>leian #cbga1 #aj? c5tury 7871 fol4 #aba1 ,v]sus ad dies ,egyptiacas inv5i5das4 ,see also ,baehr5s1 ,poet4 lat4 m94 ,v1 #ced-f2 ,momms5 ,,cil ,i1 #daa4 ,sloane #dge1 ?is portion ( ! ,,ms #aj-aa? c5tury1 fol4 #bafv1 ,v]sus de significatione di]um m5sis1 op5+1 8,t5ebrae ,aegyptus ,grecos s]mone vocantur44440 ,additional #bbcih1 #aj? c5tury1 fol4 #ajd4 ,cotton ,caligula ,a1 ,,xv1 writt5 mo/ly 9 ,gaul be=e #ajjj ,a4 ,d41 fol4 #abf1 a li/ ( lucky & unlucky days = m$ical purposes1 9 ,anglo-,saxon4 ,cotton ,titus ,d1 ,,xxvi1 #aj? c5tury1 fol4 #cv4 ,cotton ,vitellius ,a1 ,,xii1 fol4 #civ4 ,cotton ,vitellius ,c1 ,,viii1 9 ,anglo-,saxon1 fol4 #bc1 de tribus anni diebus ,aegyptiacis4 ,,cu ,tr9ity #ide1 e>ly #aa? c5tury1 fol4 #cg4 ,,cu ,tr9ity #acfi1 #aa? c5tury 7p]haps #ajhf ,a4 ,d471 fol4 #av4 ,vatican #fdd1 #aj-aa? c5tury1 fol4 #ggr1 v]sus duodecim de diebus aegyptiis1 & a fragm5t 8de tribus diebus aegyptiis40 ,dijon #ddh1 #aj-ab? c5tury1 fol4 #hh1 ,cal5dri]1 avec j\rs gyptiaques aj\ts2 fol4 #aia1 8,de ,egyptiacis diebus40 ,b$e's ,de temporibus & ,de natura r]um occur twice 9 ?is ,,ms & at fol4 #aha is an incantation = use 9 fev]s4 ,h>leian #aehe & ,sloane #aige1 :]e ! ,egyptian days are f\nd ) ! ,h]b>ium ( ,apuleius1 are bo? #ab? c5tury b probably copi$ f e>li] ,,mss4 ,s 9 ,*alons-sur-,m>ne #g1 #ac? c5tury1 fol4 #da1 v]ses on ! ,egyptian days occur ) ! ,ars calculatoria ( ,help]icus ( ,aux]re :o wrote 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,i h usually n not$ ! occurr5ce ( ! ,egyptian days 9 lat] manuscripts4 ,a few exceptions are3 ,,bn #gbii;,a1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #cgr4 ,,clm #bccij1 #ab-ac? c5tury1 ! la/ item is1 8,v]ses conc]n+ ! twelve signs & ! ,egyptian days40 ,! previ\s cont5ts 7 ma9ly religi\s4 ,cambrai #aie1 fol4 #bjh2 #bbi1 fol4 #ef2 #hbi1 fol4 #ed2 all ?ree ,,mss ( ! #ab? c5tury4 ,cambrai #hfa1 e>ly #ac? c5tury1 fol4 #ef4 ,sloane #bdfa1 end ( #ac? c5tury1 fols4 #fbr-#fdv4 ,! v]ses conc]n+ ! t5 plagues ( ,egypt conta9$ 9 ,,clm #ahfbi1 #aj? c5tury1 fol4 #ic1 & ascrib$ by ! catalogue to ,eug5ius ,toletanus h1 ,i presume1 no connection ) ! ,egyptian days4 ,su* prov$ to be ! case ) ,,bn #afbaf1 #ac? c5tury1 fol4 #beav1 de decem plagis ,egyptiorum et de vii diebus1 al?\gh f ! fact t x foll[s 8,precepta ,pi?agore0 ,i suspect$ be=e exam9+ x t x might h some?+ to d ) div9ation4 ,b n ev5 ! ,py?agorean precepts h 9 ?is case4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx ,,g]b]t ,,& ,,! ,,introduction ,,( ,,arabic ,,a/rology ,arabic influ5ce 9 e>ly manuscripts--,a preface & tw5ty-"o *apt]s on ! a/rolabe--,are !y p>ts ( "o "w8--,_! relation to ,g]b]t & ! ,arabic--,h]mann's ,de m5sura a/rolabii--,attitude t[>ds a/rology 9 ! preface--,"q ( ,g]b]t's attitude t[>ds a/rology--,8 po/hum\s reputation z a magician--,an anonym\s a/ronomical treatise2 its possible relation to ,g]b]t--,cont5ts ( its fir/ two books--,attitude t[>ds a/rology--,! f\r? book--,citations3 ,arabic names--,ma!matica ( ,al*&rus or ,alh&reus--,an acc\nt ( its cont5ts--,a/rological doctr9e--,nativities & "n-calculations--,int]rogations & m "n-calculations--,al*&rus or ,alh&reus n ! same z ,alex&]--,alk&r9us or ,al*&r9us on nativities accord+ to ! mansions ( ! moon--,alb&9us--,geomancy ( ,alk>dianus or ,al*&ianus--,an anonym\s treatise or fragm5t ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,arabic influ5ce 9 e>ly manuscripts4 ,! usual view has be5 t we/]n ,lat9 le>n+ 0 n affect$ by ,arabic sci5ce until ! twelf? or ev5 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,we %all see 9 o!r *apt]s t ! translations ( ! ,ari/otelian books ( natural philosophy 7 curr5t r e>li] ?an has be5 recogniz$1 t 9 m$ic9e a p]iod ( ,neo-,lat9 ,sal]nitan tradition c sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f "o ( ,arabic influ5ce1 & t 9 *emi/ry ow+ to ! mis9t]pretation ( ! date ( ,rob]t ( ,*e/]'s translation ( ! book ( ,mori5us ,romanus--9 :i* ,rob]t says t ! ,lat9 _w does n yet "k :at al*emy is--,b]!lot 9 8 hi/ory ( m$ieval al*emy plac$ ! introduction ( ,arabic influ5ce half a c5tury too late4 ,9 ! pres5t *apt] we %all see t ! volum9\s "w ( translation ( ,arabic a/rolog]s :i* w5t on 9 ! twelf? c5tury--& to :i* ano!r *apt] w lat] be devot$--0 prec$$ 9 ! elev5? & ev5 t5? c5turies by num]\s signs ( ,arabic influ5ce 9 works ( a/ronomy & a/rology & also by translations ( ,arabic au?ors4 ,i 0 some:at />tl$ :5 ,i fir/ f\nd works by ,arabic au?ors & use ( a/ronomical t]m9ology drawn f ! ,arabic 9 a manuscript ( ! elev5? c5tury 9 ! ,briti% ,museum#bghg & ,wick]%eim] 0 simil>ly surpris$ at ! traces ( ,arabic influ5ce 9 a simil> b /ill e>li] manuscript ( ! t5? c5tury at ,p>is4#bghh ,bubnov1 h[ev]1 _h already not$ ?is ,p>is manuscript z a pro( t ,arabic books 7 be+ translat$ into ,lat9 9 ,g]b]t's "t1#bghi & "o ( ,g]b]t's lett]s1 writt5 9 #ihd to a ,lupitus ( ,b>celona 7,lupito ,b>*9on5si71 ask+ him to s5d ,g]b]t a book on 8a/rology0 :i* he _h translat$1 po9ts 9 ! same direction4 ,9 ! pres5t *apt] we %all discuss ! cont5ts ( ! e>ly manuscripts j m5tion$ & ( "s o!rs :i* seem to h "s connection ei!r ) ,g]b]t or ! introduction ( ,arabic a/rology into ,lat9 le>n+4 ,sid5ote3 ,a preface & tw5ty-"o *apt]s on ! a/rolabe4 ,9 an elev5? c5tury manuscript at ,muni*#bgij ! a/rological "w ( ,firmicus is prec$$ by writ+s 9 a diff]5t h& ^u ! a/rolabe4 ,"o ( ^!1 9 its pres5t /ate an anonym\s fragm5t1 is a /ilt$ & florid introduction to a translation f ! ,arabic ( a "w on ! a/rolabe4#bgia ,ano!r is a treatise on ! a/rolabe 9 tw5ty-"o *apt]s & conta9+ _m ,arabic names4#bgib ,bubnov li/s ?ree o!r copies ( ! introductory fragm5t1 & !y are all 9 manuscripts :]e ! second treatise is also includ$2#bgic x1 h[ev]1 is (t5 f\nd 9 o!r manuscripts :]e ! anonym\s fragm5t does n appe>1 & x mu/ be admitt$ t its omission is no great loss4 ,sid5ote3 ,are !y p>ts ( "o "w8 ,al?\gh ! fragm5t prec$es ! o!r treatise 9 only "o manuscript m5tion$ by ,bubnov1 !re is reason to ?9k t !y belong toge!r1 s9ce bo? are conc]n$ ) ! ,wazzalcora or planisph]e or a/rolapsus ( ,ptolemy1 & s9ce ! plan outl9$ by ! writ] ( ! introduction is foll[$ 9 ! treatise ( tw5ty-"o *apt]s except t x ends incompletely4 ,bubnov recogniz$ ?is1 yet did n unite !m z a s+le "w4#bgid ,9 #ihd ,g]b]t wrote to a ,lupito ,b>*9on5si ask+ ,lupitus to s5d him a "w on 8a/rology0 :i* ,lupitus _h translat$4#bgie ,if ,lupitus 0 ( ,b>celona1 8 translation 0 probably f ! ,arabic1 & z su* translations 7 presumably n common 9 ! t5? c5tury1 x is natural to wond] if he may n be ! above-m5tion$ anonym\s translator4 ,?is ,bubnov sugge/$ 9 ! case ( ! introductory fragm5t1#bgif b ! treatise 9 tw5ty-"o *apt]s he plac$ among ! d\btful works ( ,g]b]t1#bgig because a mona/ic catalogue compos$ be=e #ajhd speaks ( a "w ( ,g]b]t on ! a/rolabe1 :ile six manuscripts ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 al?\gh none e>li] to 8 k1 ascribe ?is v treatise ( tw5ty-"o *apt]s to ,g]b]t4 ,bubnov believ$ t :oev] ! au?or ( ! treatise 9 tw5ty-"o *apt]s 01 he _h utiliz$ ! full "w ( ! anonym\s translator4 ,b ?is seems a r unnecess>y ref9em5t4 ,= :at has become ( t translation8 ,:y is only its wordy & rhetorical preface extant8 ,if ! writ] ( ! tw5ty-"o *apt]s de/roy$ its text aft] plagi>iz+ x1 :y did he n also make away ) ! preface8 ,x seems m plausible t ! tw5ty-"o *apt]s are ! orig9al translation f ! ,arabic1 & t _m mak]s ( manuscripts h copi$ x alone & omitt$ ! wordy & r wor?less preface ( ! translator4 ,if1 z ,bubnov sugge/$1 ! treatise 9 tw5ty-"o *apt]s is ,g]b]t's revision & poli%+ up ( ,lupitus' translation1#bgih :y did he n prefix a new introduction ( 8 own8 ,& :y %\ld anyone try to poli% up ! /yle ( s rhetorical a writ] z he :o p5n$ ! extant anonym\s introduction8 ,sid5ote3 ,_! relation to ,g]b]t & ! ,arabic4 ,if we accept ?is anonym\s introduction z ! preface to ! tw5ty-"o *apt]s1 ,g]b]t w\ld be ! mo/ likely p]son to ascribe bo? to1 unless we argue t he c\ld n make a translation f ! ,arabic & t 8 lett] ask+ to see a translation f ! ,arabic by ,lupitus is a pro( ( ?is4 ,if ,g]b]t is n ! au?or1 ,lupitus w\ld p]haps be ! next mo/ likely p]son1 b ! h9t conta9$ 9 ,g]b]t's lett] is all t po9ts to ,lupitus1 & inde$ ! only m5tion t we h ( him4 ,if ! translator is "s ?ird unkn[n p]son1 at lea/ he is n lat] ?an ! elev5? c5tury4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we reg>d ! introduction ( ! translator & ! tw5ty-"o *apt]s z by diff]5t p]sons1 :o p]haps _h no connection ) ea* o!r1 & ,g]b]t's lett] ( #ihd z hav+ no?+ to d ) ei!r1 we h ! m evid5ce ( an e>ly & widespread int]e/ 9 a/ronomy & k ( ,arabic 9 ! we/]n ,lat9 le>n$ _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,h]mann's ,de m5sura a/rolabii4 ,"o reason :y ! treatise on ! a/rolabe 9 tw5ty-"o *apt]s is s seldom f\nd 9 ! manuscripts prec$$ by ! introduction ( ! translator may be t x is m (t5 f\nd ) & prec$$ by ano!r treatise on ! a/rolabe1 sometimes entitl$ ,de m5sura a/rolabii1 & attribut$ to a ,h]mann :o mode/ly calls himself 8! (fsc\r+ ( ,*ri/'s poor & ! butt ( m]e tyros 9 philosophy40#bgii ,?is treatise tells h[ to con/ruct an a/rolabe1 ?us fill+ 9 ! defici5cy left by ! incomplete end+ ( ! treatise 9 tw5ty-"o *apt]s1 :i* fails to c>ry out fully ?is la/ item 9 ! plan ( ! introductory fragm5t4 ,a note 9 "o manuscript1 reproduc$ 9 "p by ,macray 9 8 catalogue ( ! ,digby ,manuscripts 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y1 /ates t ! treatise 9 tw5ty-"o *apt]s is by ,g]b]t & t :5 a c]ta9 ,b]5g>ius read x1 he f\nd x told h[ to ex]cise ! art b n to make ! in/rum5t & ask$ ,h]mann to tell him h[ to make "o4 ,h]mann !re=e compos$ ! "w 9 "q1 d$icat$ x to ,b]5g>ius1 & prefix$ x to ,g]b]t's treatise4#bhjj ,( late !re has be5 a t5d5cy to id5tify ?is ,h]mann ) ,h]mann ( ,dalmatia1 ! twelf? c5tury translator f ! ,arabic1#bhja r ?an ) ,h]mann ! ,lame1 ! *ronicl]1 :o di$ 9 #ajed1 b if ,bubnov is correct 9 dat+ two manuscripts#bhjb conta9+ ,h]mann's treatise on ! a/rolabe 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 !y c\ld n be ! "w ( ,h]mann ! translator ( ! next c5tury4#bhjc ,moreov]1 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! treatise seems to h be5 reg>d$ z ! "w ( ,h]mann ! ,lame4#bhjd ,! au?or's self-depreciatory description ( himself is also a m>k ( ,h]mann ! ,lame1 :o 9 ano!r treatise address$ to 8 fri5d ,h]r&us & discuss+ ! l5g? ( a moon calls himself 8( ,*ri/'s poor a vile abortion40#bhje ,sid5ote3 ,attitude t[>ds a/rology 9 ! preface4 ,9 ! treatise ( tw5ty-"o *apt]s1 :i* simply tells h[ to use ! a/rolabe1 !re is naturally no ref]5ce to judicial a/rology4 ,b 9 ! introduction ( ! anonym\s writ] to 8 translation f ! ,arabic ( a "w on ! a/rolabe !re is m5tion ( ! influ5ce ( ! />s4 ,_! 8concord ) all mundane creatures 9 all ?+s0 is reg>d$ z e/abli%$ by 8secret in/itution ( div9ity & by natural law0 & te/ifi$ to by sci5ti/s4#bhjf ,n only is ! effect ( ! moon on tides adduc$ z usual z an example1 b ,god is believ$ to h set ! seal ( ,8 approval ^u 8?is discipl9e10 :5 ,he made miracul\s use ( ! />s & heav5s to m>k ! bir? & passion ( ,8 ,son4 ,! writ]1 h[ev]1 /igmatizes z a 8frivol\s sup]/ition0 ! doctr9e ( ! ,*aldean g5e?lialogi1 8:o acc\nt = ! entire life ( man by a/rological reasons0 & 8try to expla9 conceptions & nativities1 "*1 prosp]ity & adv]sity f ! c\rses ( ! />s40 ,some?+ nev]!less is to be conc$$ to !m1 provid$ all ?+s are recogniz$ z "u div9e disposition4 ,b _! doctr9e is an egg :i* is n to be suck$ unless rid ( ! bad odors ( error4#bhjg ,! translator urges ! importance ( a k ( a/ronomy 9 det]m9+ ! date ( *ur* fe/ivals & canonical h\rs4 ,he cites ,josephus conc]n+ ,abraham's in/ruction ( ! ,egyptians 9 ari?metic & a/ronomy1 b reg>ds ,ptolemy z ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( all a/ronom]s & ! a/rolabe z ! inv5tion ( 8 8div9e m9d40 ,! translator wi%es 8 read]s to und]/& t he is (f]+ !m no?+ new b only reviv+ ! discov]ies ( ! pa/1 & t he is simply pres5t+ :at he f9ds 9 ! ,arabic4 ,sid5ote3 ,"q ( ,g]b]t's attitude t[>d a/rology4 ,if ,g]b]t c\ld be %[n to be ! translator :o wrote ?is introduction1 x w\ld be a m valuable bit ( evid5ce z to 8 attitude t[>d a/rology ?an any?+ t we h at pres5t4 ,8 surely g5u9e ma!matical works1 z edit$ by ,bubnov1 consi/ solely ( a %ort geometry & a few ( 8 lett]s 9 :i* ma!matical topics1 ma9ly ! abacus1 are t\*$ ^u4 ,8 contempor>y & disciple1 ! hi/orian ,ri*]1 tells 9 ! well-kn[n passage#bhjh h[ ,borellus1 8! duke ( ,hi!r ,spa910 took ,g]b]t z a y\? f ! mona/]y at ,aurillac 9 ,auv]gne back ) him across ! ,pyr5ees & entru/$ 8 education to ,hatto1 bi%op ( ,vi*1 9 ! nor?-ea/]n "p ( ! p59sula4 ,:e!r ,g]b]t /udi$ ,arabic or n ,ri*] does n /ate4 ,s9ce he is /ill describ$ z adolesc5s :5 ! duke & bi%op take him ) !m to ,italy & leave him !re ) ! pope1 "o w\ld inf] t he probably _h n engag$ 9 ! "w ( translation f ! ,arabic4 ,ano!r almo/ contempor>y writ]1 allud+ v briefly to ,g]b]t1 makes him visit ,cordova1 b is p]haps mi/ak54#bhji ,ri*] does1 h[ev]1 /ate t ,b]b]t especially /udi$ ma!sis1 a ^w :i*1 z v>i\s m$ieval writ]s in=m u1 may mean ei!r ma!matics or div9ation4 ,app>5tly ,ri*] uses x 9 ! =m] s5se1 = lat] he m5tions only ,g]b]t's a*ievem5ts 9 ari?metic1 geometry1 music1 & a/ronomy4#bhaj ,b ,rob]t1 k+ ( ,france1 #ihg-ajca1 ^: tea*] ,g]b]t _h be51 seems to ref] to him z 8t ma/] ,neptanebus0 9 "s v]ses1#bhaa a "n :i* c]ta9ly sugge/s an a/rolog]1 z well z an in/ructor ( royalty1 if n also a magician4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 po/hum\s reputation z a magician4 ,b ,g]b]t's reputation = magic seems to />t ) ,william ( ,malmesbury 9 ! fir/ half ( ! twelf? c5tury1 :o makes him flee by night f 8 mona/]y to ,spa9 to /udy 8a/rology0 & o!r arts ) ! ,s>ac5s1 until he came to surpass ,julius ,firmicus 9 8 k ( fate4 ,!re too1 accord+ to ,william ( ,malmesbury1 8he le>n$ :at ! song & flight ( birds port5d1 to summon gho/ly figures f ! l[] _w1 & :atev] human curiosity has encompass$ :e!r h>mful or salut>y40 ,william !n adds "s m sob] facts conc]n+ ,g]b]t's ma!matical a*ievem5ts & associates4#bhab ,mi*ael ,scot 9 8 ,introduction to ,a/rology 9 ! e>ly ?irte5? c5tury speaks ( a ma/] ,gilb]tus :o 0 ! be/ nigromanc] 9 ,france & :om ! demons obey$ 9 all t he requir$ ( !m day & night because ( ! great sacrifices :i* he (f]$ & 8 pray]s & fa/+s & magic books & great div]sity ( r+s & c&les4 ,hav+ succe$$ 9 borr[+ an a/rolabe = a %ort "t he made ! demons expla9 its purpose1 h[ to op]ate x1 & h[ to make ano!r "o4 ,lat] he re=m$ & became bi%op ( ,rav5na & pope4#bhac ,9 a manuscript e>ly 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury is a /atem5t t ,g]b]t became ar*bi%op & pope by demon aid & _h a _s enclos$ 9 a gold5 head :om he consult$ z to knotty problems 9 compos+ 8 comm5t>y on ari?metic4 ,:5 ! demon exp\nd$ a c]ta9 v difficult place badly1 ,g]b]t skipp$ x1 & h5ce t unexpla9$ passage is call$ ! ,saltus ,gilb]ti4#bhad ,sid5ote3 ,an anonym\s a/ronomical treatise2 its possible relation to ,g]b]t4 ,9 a manuscript 9 ! ,bodleian libr>y :i* seems to h be5 writt5 e>ly 9 ! twelf? c5tury#bhae is an a/ronomical treatise 9 f\r books :i* ,macray sugge/$ might be ! ,lib] de planetis et mundi climatibus :i* ,e!lwold1 bi%op ( ,w9*e/] f #ifc to #ihd1 is said to h compos$4#bhaf ,! pres5t treatise inde$ embodies a ,lett] ( ,e!lwold to ,pope ,g]b]t on squ>+ ! circle4#bhag ,x seems1 h[ev]1 t ?is lett] on squ>+ ! circle 0 really writt5 by ,adelbold1 bi%op ( ,utre*t f #ajaj to #ajbg4bhah ,adelbold speaks ( himself 9 ! lett] z a "y man#bhai & ( c\rse wrote x be=e ,g]b]t's dea? 9 #ajjc1 & v probably be=e ,g]b]t became ,pope ,silve/] ,,ii 9 #iii4 ,b he c\ld sc>cely h writt5 ! lett] e>ly en\gh to h x includ$ 9 a "w writt5 by ,e!lwold :o di$ 9 #ihd4 ,our a/ronomical treatise 9 f\r books is !re=e n by ,e!lwold1 unless ! lett] be a lat] int]polation1 b x is possibly by ,adelbold or by ,g]b]t4#bhbj ,its op5+ words1 8,quicumque mundane sp]e rationem et a/rorum legem 44410 are simil> to ^? ( ! treatise on ! uses ( ! a/rolabe :i* has (t5 be5 ascrib$ to ,g]b]t1 8,quicumque a/ronomice p]itiam discipl9e44440#bhba ,sid5ote3 ,cont5ts ( its fir/ two books4 ,our treatise !n may be by ,g]b]t or x may be a specim5 ( ! a/ronomy ( ! elev5? or e>ly twelf? c5tury4 ,z x appe>s to be little kn[n & nev] to h be5 publi%$1 x may be well to give a brief summ>y ( its cont5ts4 ,an introductory p>agraph outl9es "s ( ! *ief po9ts ) :i* ! treatise w be conc]n$1 su* z ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac1 _! positions1 8mo/ v>i$ qualities10 ! reasons = _! names1 & ! div]se op9ions ( g5tile philosoph]s & ,ca?olics z to _! significations2 ! f\r elem5ts2 & ! sev5 planets4 ,9 ! text :i* foll[s1 ^! topics are consid]$ 9 r ! rev]se ord] to t 9 :i* !y 7 nam$ 9 ! preface4 ,aft] "s discussion ( 8! f\nd]s ( a/ronomy & ! doctors ( a/rology10 ! fir/ book is occupi$ ) a description ( ! sph]e or heav5s4 ,! second book is l>gely geographical1 beg9n+ ) ! "q ( ! size ( ! e>?1 ! zones1 ! ocean1 & h[ to draw a ,t map4 ,?is geographical digression ! au?or ju/ifies 9 ! prologue to 8 ?ird book by ! /atem5t t (t5 ! position ( ! />s c be det]m9$ f ! location ( c\ntries1 & t if ! habitat ( peoples is kn[n "o c m easily arrive at ! effect ( ! />s4#bhbb ,sid5ote3 ,attitude t[>ds a/rology4 ,?is sugge/s t ! au?or believes 9 a/rological influ5ce1 & 9 ! two foll[+ books he /ates a numb] ( a/rological doctr9es1 n1 h[ev]1 z 8 own convictions b z ! op9ions ( ! g5e?liaci or a/rolog]s1 or 8^? :o w h x t prosp]ity & adv]sity 9 human life are due to ^! />s40#bhbc ,on ! o!r h&1 he seldom subjects ! a/rolog]s to any adv]se criticism4 ,inde$1 e>ly 9 ! ?ird book1 he /ates t ! belief ( ! g5e?liaci t human weal? & honors1 pov]ty & obscurity1 dep5d ^u ! />s1 p]ta9s to ano!r subject ?an t :i* he is at pres5t discuss+2 namely1 progno/ication1 conc]n+ :i* he w treat fully 9 lat] *apt]s4 ,b ,i _c see t he fulfills ?is promise 9 ! pres5t manuscript1 :i* seems to end r abruptly1#bhbd s t possibly !re is some?+ miss+4 ,9 ! previ\s passage1 h[ev]1 he imm$iately proce$$ to admit t ! sun & moon greatly affect our life & to tell fur!r h[ x is connect$ ) ! o!r five planets4 ,9 ! /> ( ,saturn ! s\l is said to busy itself especially ) reason+ & intellig5ce1 logic & !ory4 ,jupit] is practical & repres5ts ! p[] ( action4 ,m>s signifies animosity2 ,v5us1 desire2 ,m]cury1 int]pretation4 ,m5 h prov$ ! moon's moi/ influ5ce by sleep+ out-(-doors & f9d+ t m humor collect$ 9 _! heads :5 !y slept 9 ! moonlight ?an :5 !y did n4#bhbe ,aft] m5tion+ ! twelve signs1 8?r\gh :i* ! a=esaid planets revolv+ ex]t v>i$ influ5ces1 & ev51 accord+ to ! g5e?liaci1 make a good man 9 "s nativities & a bad man 9 o!rs10#bhbf ! au?or goes on to tell :i* signs are mascul9e & :i* are fem99e1 to relate !m to ! f\r c>d9al po9ts & to ! f\r elem5ts1 to def9e ! tw5ty-eight mansions & _! di/ribution among ! twelve signs & sev5 planets1#bhbg & to tell h[ ! planets diff] 9 quality4#bhbh ,all ?is is provid+ at lea/ ! basis = a/rological pr$iction4 ,sid5ote3 ,! f\r? book4 ,! f\r? book ( ! treatise is ma9ly tak5 up ) descriptions & figures ( ! con/ellations1 conc]n+ :i* ! au?or (t5 repeats ! fables ( antiquity4 ,aft] discuss+ ! six ages ( ! _w1 ! au?or int5d$ to ins]t a figure on :at is ! next to la/ page ( ! pres5t text to %[ 8! h>mony ( ! elem5ts1 climates ( ! sky1 times ( ! ye>1 & humors ( ! human body10 =1 z he goes on to say1 man is call$ a microcosm by ! philosoph]s4 ,?is miss+ figure or figures w\ld h be5 analog\s to ^? :i* ,wick]%eim] inve/igat$ 9 ! e>ly m$ieval manuscripts 9 ! libr>ies ( ,france4 ,sid5ote3 ,citations3 ,arabic names4 ,our au?or does n make _m citations1 b among !m are ,erato/h5es1#bhbi ,aratus1 ,ptolemy1 ,macrobius1 & ,m>tianus ,capella4 ,"s ( ^! au?ors are p]haps kn[n to him only indirectly1 & he seems to make use ( ,isidore & ,pl9y )\t m5tion+ !m4 ,he %[s1 h[ev]1 an acqua9tance ) =eign languages1 li/+ ! sev5 heav5s z 8ole?1 lo!n1 e?at1 edim1 eliyd1 ha*im1 at>pha10 & giv+ ,greek1 ,hebrew1 & 8,s>ac50 names = ! sev5 planets1 z well z a 8,similitudo10 or correspond+ metal1 & 8,int]pretatio10 or quality su* z 8,obscurus1 ,cl>us1 ,igneus40#bhcj ,he also gives ! ,arabic names = ! tw5ty-eight mansions into :i* ! circle ( ! zodiac subdivides4#bhca ,we n[ turn to ano!r treatise1 f\nd 9 t5? & elev5? c5tury manuscripts1 9 :i* ,arabian influ5ce is app>5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ma!matica ( ,al*&rus or ,alh&reus4 ,william ( ,malmesbury1 writ+ 9 ! fir/ half ( ! twelf? c5tury conc]n+ ,g]b]t's /udies 9 ,spa91 says1 probably ) a great deal ( exagg]ation1 t ,g]b]t surpass$ ,ptolemy 9 8 k ( ! a/rolabe1 ,al&raeus 9 8 k ( ! di/ances betwe5 ! />s1 & ,julius ,firmicus 9 8 k ( fate4#bhcb ,x is r rem>kable t a "w ascrib$ to ,alh&reus or ,alc&rus1 8supreme a/rolog]10 %\ld be f\nd 9 two manuscripts ( ! elev5? c5tury#bhcc 9 bo? ( :i* occurs also ! "w on ! a/rolabe :i* is p]haps by ,g]b]t1 :ile 9 "o is f\nd also ! ,ma!sis ( ,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus4 ,al*adr9us or ,ar*&r9us is cit$ 9 ,mi*ael ,scot's long ,introduction to ,a/rology z ! au?or ( a 8book ( =tune mak+ m5tion ( ! ?ree facies ( ! signs & ! planets rul+ 9 !m10 & ,mi*ael adds t a simil> me?od ( div9ation is employ$ 9 g5]al among ! ,arabs & ,indians z c be se5 9 ! /reets & alleys ( ,mess9a :]e 8le>n$ wom50 answ] ! que/ions ( m]*ants4#bhcd ,pet] ( ,abano 9 8 ,lucidator a/ronomiae1#bhce writt5 9 #acaj1 m5tions ,al*&rus z a successor ( ,h]mes ,trismegi/us 9 ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy b z fl\ri%+ be=e ! "t ( ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,al*&rus 0 probably sc>cely z anci5t z t1 b ! treatise ascrib$ to him also exi/s 9 ,lat9 9 a manuscript ( ! t5? c5tury1#bhcf & seems to be a translation f ! ,arabic4 ,9 any case x is full ( ,arabic & ,hebrew words1 & pr(esses to cite ! op9ions ( ,egyptians1 ,i%maelites1 & ,*aldeans 9 g5]al z well z ^? ( ,ascalu ! ,i%maelite & ,arf>fan or ,argafalan or ,argafalaus#bhcg ! ,*aldean 9 p>ticul>4 ,s9ce ! "n ,al*&rus or ,alh&reus is f\nd s f> z ,i "k 9 no hi/orian or bibliograph] ( ,arabian lit]ature or le>n+1#bhch we %all treat some:at fully ( ! "w & its au?or "h4 ,sid5ote3 ,an acc\nt ( its cont5ts4 ,! 8,ma!matic ( ,alh&reus1 supreme a/rolog]10 z x is entitl$ 9 "o manuscript1 op5s some:at abruptly ) a t]se /atem5t ( ! qualities ( ! planets4 ,two e/imates ( ! numb] ( ye>s betwe5 creation & ! bir? ( ,*ri/ are !n giv51 "o 8accord+ to ! ,hebrews10 ! o!r 8accord+ to o!rs40#bhci ,!re foll[ lett]s ( ! ,greek alphabet ) ,roman num]als express+ _! respective num]ical values1 p]haps = future ref]5ce 9 connection ) "s sph]e ( life or dea?4 ,next is consid]$ ! division ( ! zodiac into twelve signs = :i* ,hebrew z well z ,lat9 names are giv54 ,! movem5ts ( ! planets ?r\gh ! signs are !n discuss$1 & x is expla9$ 9 ! usual a/rological /yle t ,leo is ! h\se ( ! sun1 ,canc] ( ! moon1 :ile two signs are assign$ to ea* ( ! o!r five planets4 ,e planet is erect 9 "s "o sign & falls 9 its opposite1 & any planet is fri5dly to ano!r 9 ^: h\se x is erect & ho/ile to ano!r 9 ^: h\se x decl9es4 ,pres5tly ! au?or treats ( 8! ord] ( ! planets accord+ to nature & _! names accord+ to ! ,hebrews10#bhdj & !n ( _! sex & c\rses1 :i* la/ leads to consid]able digressions an5t ! sol> & lun> cal5d>s4#bhda ,!n ! twelve signs are relat$ to ! f\r 8climates0 & elem5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,a/rological doctr9e4 ,all ?is implies a favorable attitude to a/rology1 & ! au?or has already express$ 8 conviction m ?an once t human affairs are dispos$ by ! sev5 planets accord+ to ! w ( ,god4#bhdb ,s9ce man l ! _w is compos$ ( ! f\r elem5ts x is no false op9ion :i* p]suades u t "u ,god's gov]nm5t human affairs are pr9cipally regulat$ by ! cele/ial bodies4#bhdc ,to make ?is pla9] ! au?or proposes to ins]t an a/rological figure 8:i* ,alex&] ( ,mac$on compos$ mo/ dilig5tly10 & :i* presumably w\ld h be5 ( ! microcosmus or ,melo!sia type1 b ! space = x rema9s blank 9 ! manuscript4 ,next comes a p>agraph on ! sex ( ! signs & _! ris+ & sett+1 & !n li/s ( ! h\rs ( ! day & night gov]n$ by ! signs & by ea* planet = all ! days ( ! week4#bhdd ,sid5ote3 ,nativities & "n-calculations4 ,!n we read1 8,^! are ! tw5ty-eight pr9cipal p>ts or />s 7i4e4 con/ellations7 ?r\gh :i* ! fates ( all are dispos$ & pron\nc$ indubitably1 future z well z pres5t4 ,anyone may ) dilig5ce =eca/ go+s & return+s1 orig9s & end+s1 by ! mo/ agreeable aid ( ^! horoscopes40#bhde ,^! tw5ty-eight p>ts are ( c\rse ! sub-divisions ( ! zodiac into mansions ( ! sun or moon :i* we h already enc\nt]$1 & ,arabic names are giv5 = !m beg9n+ ) ,alnait1 ! fir/ "p ( ! sign ,aries4 ,fir/1 h[ev]1 we are in/ruct$ h[ to det]m9e "u :i* "o ( !m anyone 0 born by a num]ical calculation ( ! value ( 8 "n & t ( 8 natural "m simil> to t ( ! sph]es ( life & dea? except t x is bas$ ^u ,hebrew in/ead ( ,greek lett]s4#bhdf ,!n foll[ /atem5ts ( ! sort ( m5 :o are born "u ea* ( ! tw5ty-eight mansions1 _! physical1 m5tal1 & moral *>act]i/ics1 & any especial m>ks ^u ! body1--ei!r bir?-m>ks or inflict$ subsequ5tly by su* means z hot irons & dog-bite1--_! heal? or sickness1 t]m ( life1 & mann] ( dea?1--:i* 9 ! case ( ,alnait1 ! fir/ mansion1 w be 8by ! ma*9ations or imag9ations ( ! magic arts40#bhdg ,also ! numb] ( _! *ildr5 is r\ghly pr$ict$4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]rogations & m "n-calculations4 ,next is discuss$ ! c\rse ( ! planets ?r\gh ! signs1 ! h\ses ( ! planets1 & _! positions 9 ! signs at creation4#bhdh ,! au?or !n turns to ! influ5ce ( ! planets ^u m5 & gives ano!r me?od ( num]ical calculation ( a man's "n 9 ord] to det]m9e :i* planet he is "u4#bhdi ,"u ! head+ 8,exc]pts f ! books ( ,alex&]1 ! a/rolog] k+10#bhej directions are giv5 = ! recov]y ( lo/ or /ol5 articles & descriptions ( ! ?ief are provid$ = ! h\r ( ea* planet4 ,! lett] ( ,argafalaus to ,alex&] in/ructs h[ to read m5's secret ?\ghts z ,plato ! ,philosoph] us$ to d1 & h[ to tell :at is hidd5 9 a p]son's h& by means ( ! h\rs ( ! planets4#bhea ,aft] "s fur!r discussion ( a/rological int]rogations ! manuscript at ! ,briti% ,museum closes ) ! ,brevi>y ( ,alh&reus1 supreme a/rolog]#bheb1 = le>n+ any?+ unkn[n by a me?od ( computation f ,hebrew & ,arabic lett]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,al*&rus or ,alh&reus n ! same z ,alex&]4 ,someone may wond] if ! names ,alh&reus & ,al*&rus may n be m]e corruptions ( ,alex&] :o is cit$ & quot$ ev5 m ?an has yet be5 indicat$#bhec1 & if "s c>eless head-l9e writ] has n ins]t$ ! "n ,al*&ri or ,alh&rei in/ead ( ,alex&ri 9 ! ,titulus4 ,b ?is w\ld leave ! /atem5ts ( ,william ( ,malmesbury & ( ,pet] ( ,abano to be expla9$ away4 ,or1 if x is argu$ t ! "n ( ,alh&reus %\ld be atta*$ only to ! ,brevi>y1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 ! e>lie/ manuscript1 :i* does n conta9 ! ,brevi>y1 ! treatise is none ! less call$ ! ,book ( ,al*&reus4 ,z a matt] ( fact !re is f\nd also 9 ! manuscripts a 8,ma!matica ,alex&ri summi a/rologi10#bhed b :ile ! title is ! same1 ! cont5ts are diff]5t f ! 8,ma!matica ,alh&rei summi a/rologi40 ,h[ev]1 ! treatise itself is f\nd toge!r ) ! ,ma!matica ,alh&rei 9 a t5? c5tury manuscript4#bhee ,b no au?or is m5tion$1 & in/ead ( ,ma!matica ! title reads 8,incipiunt proportiones cppfcfntfs knk/rprx indx/rkb10 :i* may be deciph]$ z 8,incipiunt proportiones compet5tes 9 a/rorum indu/ria40#bhef ,possibly !re=e ?is treatise is a "p ( ! "w ( ,al*&]1 & ! title ,ma!matica ,alex&ri is an error = ,ma!matica ,alh&rei4 ,sid5ote3 ,alk&r9us or ,al*&r9us on nativities accord+ to ! mansions ( ! moon4 ,moreov]1 9 lat] manuscripts we enc\nt] au?ors ) names v simil> to ,al*&rus & works by !m ( ! same sort z t we h j consid]$4 ,9 a fifte5? c5tury manuscript at ,ox=d we f9d ascrib$ to ,alk&r9us an acc\nt ( ! types ( m5 born 9 ea* ( ! tw5ty-eight mansions ( ! moon#bheg su* z we h se5 =m$ a "p ( ! ,ma!matica ,alh&rei4 ,& 9 a fifte5? c5tury manuscript at ,p>is occurs "u ! "n ( ,al*&r9us :at seems to be a ,*ri/ian revision ( t same "p ( ! ,ma!matica ,alh&rei4#bheh ,:at appe>s to be ano!r revision & work+ ov] ( ?is same discussion ( nativities accord+ to ! tw5ty-eight mansions ( ! moon#bhei appe>$ 9 pr9t a numb] ( times 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies & 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% translations z well z ,lat94 ,! au?or's "n 9 ^! pr9t$ editions is usually giv5 z ,arc&am1 b ! ,engli% edition ( #afbf adds 8or ,al*&r940#bhfj ,sid5ote3 ,alb&9us4 ,two o!r manuscripts at ,p>is#bhfa conta9 "u ! "n ( ,alb&9us a 8book ( similitudes ( ! sons ( ,adam1 =tunate & un=tunate1 ( life or dea?1 accord+ to nations1 t is1 _! nativities accord+ to ! twelve signs40 ,! treatise op5s ) a me?od ( calculat+ a p]son's nativity f ! lett]s 9 8 own & 8 "m's "n simil> to t :i* occurs 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,ma!matica ,alh&rei1 b !n applies x directly to ! twelve signs r ?an to ! tw5ty-eight mansions ( ! moon4 ,x also does n bo!r ) ! ,hebrew alphabet b gives num]ical equival5ts directly = ! ,lat9 lett]s4 ,"s treatise by ,alb&9us on sickness & ! signs 9 a manuscript at ,muni*#bhfb is p]haps id5tical ) ! =ego+4 ,sid5ote3 ,geomancy ( ,alk>dianus or ,al*&i&us4 ,to an ,alk>dianus or ,al*&i&us is ascrib$ a geomancy1#bhfc & s9ce x also is arrang$ accord+ to ! tw5ty-eight divisions ( ! zodiac ) #bh judges & #bh *apt]s ea* consi/+ ( #bh l9es 9 answ] to z _m que/ions1 x w\ld seem almo/ c]ta9 t x is by ! same au?or :o treat$ ( ! influ5ces ( ! #bh h\ses or facies ( ! twelve signs ^u ^? born "u !m4 ,moreov]1 ?is ,alk>dianus or ,al*&i&us /ates 9 8 preface t he has compos$ c]ta9 books on ! dispositions ( ! signs & ! c\rses ( ! planets & on pr$iction ( ! future f !m4 8,b s9ce mod]ns always rejoice 9 brevity10 he has add$ ?is h&y & rapid geomantic means ( answ]+ que/ions & asc]ta9+ ! decrees ( ! />s4 ,! #bh tables ( #bh l9es ea* ( ?is ,alk>dianus or ,al*&i&us are id5tical ) "o ( ! two su* sets#bhfd commonly includ$ 9 ! ,exp]im5t>ius#bhfe ( ,b]n>d ,silve/]1 a "w ( geomancy :i* he is said to h translat$ f ! ,arabic4#bhff ,he liv$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury & w be ! subject ( "o ( our lat] *apt]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,an anonym\s treatise or fragm5t ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,x /ill rema9s to speak ( a portion ( our t5? c5tury manuscript at ,p>is :i* beg9s1 aft] ! book ( ,al*&rus seems to h conclud$1 ) ! words1 8,quicunque nosse desid]at legem a/rorum44440#bhfg ,?is ,incipit is s simil> to t ( ! tw5ty-"o *apt]s on ! a/rolabe1 8,quicumque a/ronomiam p]itiam discipl9ae 4440 & to t ( ! f\r books ( a/ronomy1 8,quicumque mundane sp]e rationem et a/rorum10 t "o is tempt$ to imply "s relation betwe5 !m1 &1 9 view ( ! t5? c5tury date ( ! "o at pres5t 9 "q1 to connect x l ! o!rs ) ! "n ( ,g]b]t4 ,our pres5t treatise or fragm5t ( a treatise is l>gely a/rological 9 "*1 8foll[+ = ! pres5t ! wisdom ( ! ma!matici :o ?9k t mundane affairs are c>ri$ on "u ! rule ( ! con/ellations40 ,?is refusal to accept p]sonal responsibility = a/rological doctr9e is simil> to ! attitude ( ! au?or ( ! f\r books ( a/ronomy1 s t p]haps ! pres5t text is ! miss+ fragm5t requir$ to fulfil 8 promise to treat ( ! subject ( progno/ication 9 lat] *apt]s4 ,if s x indulges 9 "s repetition1 z x goes into ! relations exi/+ betwe5 signs1 planets1 & elem5ts1 & gives ! 8,s>ac50 names#bhfh = ! tw5ty-eight mansions ( ! moon4 ,x includes a way to detect !ft = ea* planet & a me?od ( det]m9+ if a pati5t w recov] by computation ( ! num]ical value ( ! lett]s 9 8 "n4 ,^! features are sugge/ive ( ! ,ma!matical ( ,al*&rus4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi ,,anglo-,,saxon1 ,,sal]nitan1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,lat9 ,,m$ic9e ,,9 ,,manuscripts ,,f ,,! ,,n9? ,,to ,,! ,,twelf? ,,c5tury ,plan ( ?is *apt]--,in/ances ( e>ly m$ieval additions to anci5t m$ic9e--,lee*-,book ( ,bald & ,cild--,magical proc$ure & incantations--,a sup]/iti\s comp\nd--,summ>y--,caut]ization--,treatm 5t ( demoniacs--,incantations & *>act]s--,9 a twelf? c5tury manuscript--,magic ) a split hazel rod--,m incantations & ! virtues ( a vulture--,lots ( ! sa9ts--,sup]/iti\s vet]9>y & m$ical practice--,two ,p>is manuscripts--,blood-lett+--,resemblances to ,eg]ton #hba--,virtues ( blood--,pi\s incantations & magical proc$ure--,m sup]/iti\s vet]9>y practice--,! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no--,0 ,sal]nitan m$ic9e free f sup]/ition8--,! ,practica ( ,petrocellus--,its s\rces--,f\rfold orig9 ( m$ic9e--,!rapeutics ( ,petrocellus--,! ,regim5 ,sal]nitanum--,its sup]/ition--,! ,practica ( ,ar*imat?aeus--,a ,sal]nitan treatise ( ab\t #abjj--,! wives ( ,sal]no4 ,sid5ote3 ,plan ( ?is *apt]4 ,9 ?is *apt] our purpose is to treat ( e>ly m$ieval m$ic9e z di/9ct on ! "o h& f po/-classical m$ic9e1 to :i* we h already devot$ a *apt]1 & on ! o!r h& f lat] m$ieval m$ic9e z affect$ by translations f ! ,arabic & o!r ori5tal influ5ce4 ,p]haps "o ( ! outcomes ( our discussion w be to sugge/ t any su* di/9ctions _c be at all %>ply or *ronologically drawn4 ,h[ev]1 ! writ+s :i* we %all discuss n[ are conta9$ ma9ly 9 manuscripts dat+ f ! n9? to ! twelf? c5tury1 al?\gh "s ( !m may h be5 fir/ compos$ at an e>li] date ?an t ( ! manuscript 9 :i* !y *ance to be pres]v$4 ,"s are 9 ,anglo-,saxon2 m1 9 ,lat94 ,"s x has be5 cu/om>y to classify "u ! caption ( ,sal]nitan4 ,we %all po/pone until ! next *apt] our consid]ation ( ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 al?\gh ! dates ( 8 life fall )9 ! elev5? c5tury1 because he already at t e>ly date repres5ts ! introduction ( ,arabic m$ic9e to ! we/]n _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,in/ances ( e>ly m$ieval additions to anci5t m$ic9e4 ,a good in/ance ( ! work+ ov] by m5 ( ! e>ly m$ieval p]iod ( ! m$ical writ+s ( ! late ,roman p]iod is provid$ by a manuscript ( ! n9? or t5? c5tury at ,b]l94#bhfi ,x n[ consi/s ( a numb] ( fragm5ts ^: orig9al ord] c no long] be det]m9$4 ,^! are made up ( extracts f diff]5t s\rces or f o!r collections1 b ! collection also be>s ! m>k ( its la/ compil] :o has introduc$ new rem$ies ( 8 own & words d]iv$ f ! v]nacul> ( 8 day4 ,ev5 extracts on fev]s tak5 f ! old ,lat9 adaptation ( ,gal5#bhgj are add$ to by "s ,*ri/ian physician1 :o introduces among o!r ?+s "s incantations1 su* z1 8,i adjure y1 spots1 t y g away & rec$e f & be de/roy$ f ! eye ( ! s]vant ( ,god40#bhga ,! manuscript also comprises m ?an "o tract on h[ dreams or ! fate ( ! pati5t or *ild born c be =etold f ! day ( ! moon4#bhgb ,ano!r tract#bhgc tells h[ ,god made ! fir/ man out ( eight p>ts1 ( :i* ! fir/ 0 ! mud ( ! e>? & ! la/ ! light ( ! _w4 ,?is w\ld seem to be r a novel dep>ture f ! usual f\r elem5t !ory b p]haps involves anci5t ,gno/ic error4 ,! au?or fur!r argues t individual div]g5ces ( "* dep5d ^u ! prepond]ance ( "o or ano!r ( ! eight con/itu5ts ( ! body4 ,sid5ote3 ,lee*-,book ( ,bald & ,cild4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon ,lee*-,book ( ,bald & ,cild#bhgd has be5 call$ 8! fir/ m$ical treatise writt5 9 we/]n ,europe :i* c be said to belong to mod]n hi/ory40#bhge ,x 0 produc$ 9 ! t5? c5tury4 ,h[ev]1 x extracts a good deal f late ,greek m$ical writ]s1 su* z ,paul ( ,aeg9a & ,alex&] ( ,tralles1 & cites ,pl9y1 8! mickle lee*10 = ! cure ( baldness by application ( dead bees burnt to a%es1#bhgf a rem$y also f\nd 9 ! ,eupori/a ascrib$ to ,gal54 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 x uses p>ts ( animals some:at less ?an ,pl9y1 al?\gh sometimes a p[d]$ e>?worm is recomm5d$1 or a man /ung by an add] is to dr9k holy wat] 9 :i* a black snail has be5 wa%$1 or ! bite ( a vip] is to be sme>$ ) e>-wax :ile ?rice repeat+ 8! pray] ( ,sa9t ,john40#bhgg ,& a man ab\t to engage 9 combat is advis$ to eat swall[ ne/l+s boil$ 9 w9e4#bhgh ,h]bs are z useful aga9/ a woman's tongue z birds aga9/ a foeman's /eel1 = we are told3 8,aga9/ a woman's *att]2 ta/e at night fa/+ a root ( radi%2 t day ! *att] _c h>m !e40#bhgi ,!re are directions = pluck+ h]bs simil> to ^? 9 ,pl9y1#bhhj & ! significance :i* he ascrib$ to c>t ruts is p>allel$ by ! injunction1 aft] "o has treat$ a v5om\s bite by /rik+ five sc>ifications1 "o on ! bite & f\r ar\nd x1 to 8?r[ ! blood ) a spoon sil5tly ov] a wagon way40#bhha ,eight virtues ( ! /one agate are enum]at$4#bhhb ,sid5ote3 ,magical proc$ure & incantations4 ,n only su* occult virtues ( animals1 vegetables1 & m9]als1 b also magical proc$ure & incantations ab\nd 9 ! "w4 ,9 a prescription 8= fly+ v5om & e v5om\s swell+0 butt] is to be *urn$ on a ,friday f ! milk ( a 8neat or h9d all ( "o color10 & a litany1 pat]no/]1 & incantation ( /range words are to be repeat$ n9e times ea*4#bhhc ,a great deal ( sup]/iti\s use is made ( su* ,*ri/ian symbols1 names1 & =ms ( pray] z ! sign ( ! cross1 ! names ( ! f\r evangeli/s1 & masses1 psalms1 & exorcisms4 ,fe> ( wit*craft & en*antm5t is manife/$1 & ! ills bo? ( man & bea/ are frequ5tly attribut$ to evil spirits4 8,a dr9k = a fi5d-sick man0 is on "o occasion 8to be drunk out ( a *ur* bell10 ) ! accompanim5t ( mu* additional ecclesia/ical hocus-pocus4#bhhd 8,if a horse is elf-%ot1 !n take ! knife ( :i* ! haft is horn ( a fall[ ox1 & on :i* are ?ree brass nails4 ,!n write ^u ! horse's =ehead ,*ri/'s m>k1 & on ea* ( ! limbs :i* ?\ may feel at4 ,!n take ! left e>2 prick a hole 9 x 9 sil5ce4 ,?is ?\ %alt d2 !n take a y]d1 /rike ! horse on ! back1 !n x w be :ole4 ,& write ^u ! horn ( ! knife ^! words1 ,b5$icite omnia op]a dom9i dom9um4 ,be ! elf :at x may1 ?is is mighty = him to am5ds40#bhhe ,sid5ote3 ,a sup]/iti\s comp\nd4 ,nei!r ,bald & ,cild nor _! cont9uator %>$ ,pl9y's prejudice aga9/ comp\nd m$ic9es4 ,9 ! ?ird book by ! cont9uator is describ$ 8a salve aga9/ ! elf9 race & nocturnal visitors1 & = wom5 ) :om ! devil ha? c>nal comm]ce40 ,"o takes ! ewe hop plant1 wormwood1 bi%opwort1 lup91 a%?roat1 h5bane1 h>ewort1 vip]'s bugloss1 hea!rb]ry plants1 cropleek1 g>lic1 gra9s ( h$g]ife1 gi?rife1 & f5nel4 ,^! h]bs are put 9 a vessel & plac$ b5ea? ! alt> :]e n9e masses are sung ov] !m4 ,!y are !n boil$ 9 butt] & mutton fat2 mu* holy salt is add$2 ! salve is /ra9$ ?r\gh a clo?2 & :at rema9s ( ! worts is ?r[n into runn+ wat]4 ,! pati5t's =ehead & eyes are to be sme>$ ) ?is o9tm5t & he is fur!r to be c5s$ ) inc5se & sign$ (t5 ) ! sign ( ! cross4#bhhf ,sid5ote3 ,summ>y4 ,! 8mod]n0 "* ( ,bald's & ,cild's book _c be said to h produc$ any dim9ution ( sup]/ition z aga9/ ! writ+s ( antiquity4 ,b we d f9d native h]bs introduc$1 also popul> m$ic9e1 & probably a consid]able am\nt ( ,teutonic & p]haps also ,celtic folk-lore1 :i*1 h[ev]1 has be5 m or less ,*ri/ianiz$4 ,inde$ ! connection betwe5 m$ic9e & religion is rem>kably close4 ,sid5ote3 ,caut]ization4 ,! m$ic9e ( ?is p]iod may be fur!r illu/rat$ by two ,lat9 manuscripts ( ! elev5? c5tury 9 ! ,sloane collection ( ! ,briti% ,museum4#bhhg ,"o conta9s a brief treatise :i* illu/rates ! common t5d5cy at t "t to employ caut]ization n only = surgical purposes 9 connection ) w\nds1 b z a m$ical means ( giv+ relief to int]nal diseases & trivial compla9ts ) :i* caut]ization c\ld h no connection4 ,t ! practice 0 v l>gely a sup]/ition is fur!r evid5t f ! fact t "o "p ( ! body (t5 0 caut]iz$ = a compla9t 9 ano!r or opposite portion or memb]4 ,9 ! pres5t example1 "u ! allur+ names ( ,apollonius & ,gal5 z pr(ess$ au?ors1#bhhh are pres5t$ a s]ies ( human figures %[+ :]e ! caut]y %\ld be appli$4 ,^! pictures ( nak$ pati5ts m>k$ all ov] _! anatomy ) spots :]e ! r$-hot iron %\ld be appli$1 or submitt+ ) smil+ or wry faces to its actual adm9i/ration 9 ! mo/ t5d] places1 are bo? amus+ &1 :5 we reflect t ?is useless pa9 0 actually repeat$ly inflict$ ?r\gh long c5turies1 pa!tic4#bhhi ,sid5ote3 ,treatm5t ( demoniacs4 ,9 a g5]al & mu* long] "w on diseases & _! rem$ies :i* foll[s 9 ! same manuscript & :i* is pr(ess$ly compil$ f ,hippocrates1 ,gal51 & ,apollonius1 ! treatm5t prescrib$ = demoniacs1#bhij :o1 x /ates1 are 9 ,greek call$ epilemptici 7epileptics71 includes among o!r ?+s vaporization betwe5 ! %\ld] blades ) v>i\s mixtures1 sc>ification & ble$+1 application ( lee*es to ! 8/oma* :]e y ought n to op]ate ) iron10#bhia %av+ & 8imbrocat+0#bhib ! scalp1 & ano9t+ ! h&s & feet ) oil4 ,bo? our manuscripts conta9 recipes = expell+ or r\t+ demons4#bhic ,= ?is purpose su* sub/ances are employ$ z ! /one gagates & holy wat]1 & else:]e ! usual confid5ce is repos$ 9 ! virtues ( h]bs & su* p>ts ( animals z ! liv] ( a vulture4 ,sid5ote3 ,incantations & *>act]s4 ,9 "o ( ! manuscripts is a treatise 9 :i* mu* use is made ( incantations & *>act]s4 ,!re are pray]s to 8,"l ,jesus & ,holy ,m>y0 to heal ! sick1 :ile *>act]s1 sometimes engrav$ ^u lead plates1 are employ$ n only = m$ical purposes1 b to prev5t wom5 f conceiv+1 to make fruit trees be> well1 & aga9/ enemies4#bhid ,lat] on 9 ! manuscript in/ructions = pluck+ a m$ic9al h]b include fac+ ea/ & recit+ a pat]no/]4#bhie ,sid5ote3 ,9 a twelf? c5tury manuscript4 ,! twelf? c5tury portion ( ?is same manuscript consi/s ma9ly ( a long m$ical m$ley ) no def9itely m>k$ beg9n+ or end+ b app>5tly orig9ally 9 five books4#bhif ,t[>ds its close occur a numb] ( incantations & *>act]s q 9 ! /yle ( ,m>cellus ,empiricus4#bhig ,inde$1 8a m>vel\s *>m0 = too?a*e is an exact copy ( 8 in/ructions to repeat sev5 times 9 a wan+ moon on ,tuesday or ,?ursday an incantation beg9n+1 8,aridam1 m>gidam1 /urgidam40#bhih ,to make all 8 enemies fe> him a man %\ld ga!r ! h]b v]b5a on a ,?ursday1 repeat+ sev5 times a =mula 9 :i* ! plant is p]sonally address$ & ! desire express$ to triumph ov] all foes z ! v]b5a conqu]s w9ds & ra9s1 hail & /orms4#bhii ,if "h ! influ5ce ( pagan religion is /ill pres5t1 _m ( ! incantations are 9 ,*ri/ian =m & express$ 9 ! "n ( ,god or ! ,fa!r4 ,to f9d a ?ief *>act]s are employ$ toge!r ) ! incantation1 8,abraham b\nd1 ,isaac held1 ,jacob br\ght back to ! h\se40#bijj ,a *>m aga9/ fev] op5s1 8,*ri/ 0 born & suff]$2 ,*ri/ ,jesus rose f ! dead & asc5d$ unto heav52 ,*ri/ w come at ! day ( judgm5t4 ,*ri/ says1 ,accord+ to y\r fai? x %all be done40 ,!n ! sign ( ! cross is employ$ & 8sacr$ words10 :i* seem1 h[ev]1 to include n only ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 b ,maximianus1 ,dionysius1 ,john1 ,s]apion1 & ,con/ant9us4 ,z we h to d ) a twelf? c5tury manuscript ! la/ two names might be presum$ to h ref]5ce to ! m$ical writ]s ( ! elev5? c5tury1 b ano!r manuscript :i* conta9s a simil> incantation /ates t !y are ! names ( ! sev5 sleep]s4#bija ,our *>m !n cont9ues 8,9 ! "n ( ,*ri/0 & ) a pray] to ,god to free f sickness anyone :o 8be>s ?is writ+ 9 ,?y "n40#bijb ,sid5ote3 ,magic ) a split hazel rod4 ,9 ! same "w occurs ! e>lie/ in/ance ( :i* ,i am aw>e ( ! magical 8exp]im5t0 ) a split rod & an incantation1 to :i* we %all he> ,william ( ,auv]gne1 ,alb]tus ,magnus1 ,john ( ,/4 ,am&1 & ,rog] ,bacon ref] 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,a rod ( f\r cubits l5g? is to be cut ) repetition ( ! ,"l's ,pray]4 ,x is to be split1 & ! two halves are to be held ap>t at ! ends by two m54 ,!n1 mak+ ! sign ( ! cross1 "o %\ld repeat ! foll[+ incantation1 8,ellum sat ^u ella & held a gre5 rod 9 8 h& & said1 ,rod ( gre5 reunite aga910#bijc toge!r ) ! ,"l's ,pray] until ! two split halves b5d toge!r 9 ! middle4 ,"o !n seizes !m 9 "o's fi/ at ! junction po9t1 cuts (f ! re/ ( ! rods1 & makes magic use ( ! section rema9+ 9 "o's grasp4#bijd ,sid5ote3 ,m incantations & ! virtues ( a vulture4 ,ano!r manuscript ( ! twelf? c5tury#bije conta9s _m simil> *>ms1 incantations1 pray]s1 & *>act]s = heal+ purposes4 ,"o =mula employ$ is1 8,*ri/ conqu]s1 ,*ri/ reigns1 ,*ri/ comm&s40 ,9 cases ( misc>riage a dr9k ( v]b5a is recomm5d$ & repetition ( ! foll[+ incantation ) ?ree ,pat]no/]s1 8,saisa1 laisa1 relaisa1 because s ,sa9t ,m>y did :5 %e bore ! ,son ( ,god40 ,pres5tly a p>agraph op5s ) ! ass]tion t ! human race does n "k h[ great virtue ! vulture#bijf possesses & h[ mu* x improves heal?4 ,b c]ta9 c]emonial directions mu/ be obs]v$ 9 mak+ use ( x4 ,! bird %\ld be kill$ 9 ! v h\r 9 :i* x is caught & ) a %>p re$ r ?an a sword4 ,be=e behead+ x1 "o %\ld utt] an incantation conta9+ su* names z ,adonai & ,abraam4 ,v>i\s heal+ virtues app]ta9 to ! diff]5t p>ts ( its c>cass1 al?\gh "h aga9 !re are in/ructions to be obs]v$4 ,! bones ( its head %\ld be b\nd 9 hy5a sk92 its eyes %\ld be susp5d$ f ! neck 9 wolf's sk94 ,b9d+ its w+s on ! left foot ( a woman /ruggl+ 9 *ild-bir? produces a quick deliv]y4 ,"o :o we>s its tongue w receive ! adoration ( all 8 enemies2 if "o has its he>t b\nd 9 ! sk9 ( a lion or wolf1 all demons w avoid "o & robb]s w only wor%ip "o4 ,its gall tak5 9 q a mixture cures epileptics & lunatics2 its lung 9 ano!r comp\nd cures fev]s2 & s on4 ,sid5ote3 ,lots ( ! sa9ts4 ,!re foll[ ,sortes sanctorum1 introduc$ by a page & a half ( pray]s ( ?is t5or1 8,9 ! "n ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 we ask ,fa!r & ,son & ,holy ,gho/1 ,?ree & ,"o2 we ask ,sa9t ,m>y1 ! "m ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/2 we ask ! n9e ord]s ( angels2 we ask ! :ole *orus ( patri>*s2 we ask ! :ole *orus ( apo/les1 m>tyrs1 confessors1 & virg9s1 & ! :ole *orus ( ,god's fai?ful t !y deign to reveal to u ^! lots :i* we seek1 & t no s$uction ( ! devil may deceive u40 ,! treatise closes1 8,^! are ! lots ( ! sa9ts :i* nev] fail2 s ask ,god & obta9 :at y desire40 ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/iti\s vet]9>y & m$ical practice4 ,! next items 9 ! manuscript are "s cases ( sup]/iti\s vet]9>y practice1 ) su* pi\s incantations z 8,may ,god :o sav$ ! ?ief on ! cross save ?is bea/60#bijg & ) in/ructions conc]n+ ! religi\s invocations & writt5 *>act]s to be employ$ 9 bless+ ! food & salt to be giv5 to dome/ic animals 9 ord] to keep !m 9 good heal?4 ,*>act]s are also m5tion$ :i* w prev5t ! blood ( a pig f fl[+ :5 x is slaught]$1 provid$ !y are b\nd ^u ! brea/ or are writt5 on ! knife ) :i* ! pig is to be /uck4#bijh ,holy wat] & bread t has be5 bless$ are us$ = m$ical purposes & in/ructions are giv5 on :at days m$ic9al h]bs %\ld be ga!r$4 ,! pray]s employ$ are usually put 9 ,*ri/ian =m1 b "o = ! cure ( too?a*e has slipp$ by at lea/ p>tially unc5sor$4 ,x op5s ) ! words 8,o lady ,moon1 free me44440#biji ,sid5ote3 ,two ,p>is manuscripts4 ,if we turn f m$ical manuscripts ( ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies 9 ! ,briti% ,museum to ^? ( ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 we f9d ! same occurr5ce ( sup]/iti\s passages4 ,9 an elev5? c5tury codex :i* conta9s p>ts ( ! m$ical "w ( ,celsus & ! ,de d9amidis ( ,gal5 are also f\nd pray]s to ,god = ! m$ic9al aid ( ! angel ,raphael aga9/ ! trea*]\s attacks ( ! demons1 a "w on ! virtues ( /ones :i* has mu* to say ( _! m>vel\s prop]ties1 & figures & text conc]n+ ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac & twelve w9ds4#biaj ,mu* m sup]/iti\s1 h[ev]1 is an anonym\s treatise occupy+ ! fir/ t5 leaves ( a twelf? c5tury manuscript#biaa :i* is app>5tly ( ,g]man orig9 f ! numb] ( ,g]man words & phrases introduc$ ne> its close4 ,?is treatise is foll[$ 9 ! manuscript by ! works ( ,notk]1 ,h]mann ! ,lame1 & o!rs on computus & ! a/rolabe4 ,sid5ote3 ,blood-lett+4 ,aft] discuss+ ! effect ( food ^u heal?1 li/+ potions ( h]bs to be drunk 9 ea* mon? ( ! ye>1#biab treat+ ( ! ve9s & ( ! f\r w9ds1 f\r seasons1 & f\r humors1 & ! relations exi/+ betwe5 ! two la/-nam$1 ! au?or enum]ates ! _m advantages ( blood-lett+ 9 a long passage :i* is wor? quot+ 9 "p4 8,x conta9s ! beg9n+ ( heal?1 x makes ! m9d s9c]e1 x aids ! memory1 x purges ! bra91 x re=ms ! bladd]1 x w>ms ! m>r[1 x op5s ! he>+1 x *ecks te>s1 x removes nausea1 x b5efits ! /oma*1 x invites dige/ion1 x evokes ! voice1 x builds up ! s5se1 x moves ! b[els1 x enri*es sleep1 x removes anxiety1 x n\ri%es good heal? 44403 & s on4 ,! op]ation ( ble$+ %\ld n be p]=m$ on ! t5?1 fifte5?1 tw5ty-fif?1 or ?irtie? day ( ! moon1 nor %\ld a potion be tak5 !n4 ,! ,egyptian days & dog-days are to be simil>ly obs]v$4 ,! h\rs ( ! day :5 ea* humor pr$om9ates are !n giv54 ,sid5ote3 ,resemblances to ,eg]ton #hba4 ,!re !n is introduc$ r abruptly an acc\nt ( ! m$ic9al virtues ( ! vulture almo/ id5tical ) t 9 ! ,briti% ,museum manuscript4 ,once aga91 too1 h]bs are to be pluck$ ) repetition ( ! ,"l's ,pray]4#biac ,! use ( *>act]s to prev5t a slaught]$ pig f ble$+ is introduc$ some:at o!rwise ?an 9 ! o!r manuscript4 ,hav+ fir/ recomm5d$ z a cure = human suff]]s f flux ( blood ! b9d+ ab\t ! abdom5 ( a p>*m5t inscrib$ ) ! *>act]s 9 "q1 ! au?or adds1 8,& if y don't believe x1 write !m on a knife & kill a pig ) x1 & y w see no blood fl[ f ! w\nd40#biad ,sid5ote3 ,virtues ( blood4 ,consid]able m$ic9al use is made ( blood 9 ?is treatise4 ,= cat>act is recomm5d$ in/ill+ 9 ! eye ! blood :i* fl[s f a c]ta9 worm 7oudehsam87 :5 8y cut x 9 two ne> ! tail40#biae ,to break ! /one "o employs goat's blood caught 9 a glass vessel 9 a wan+ moon & dri$ eight days 9 ! sun toge!r ) ! pulv]iz$ sk9 ( a rabbit caught 9 a wan+ moon & roa/$ ov] m>ble4 ,^! are to be mix$ 9 w9e & giv5 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l to ! pati5t to dr9k :ile he is 9 ! ba?4#biaf ,ano!r rem$y consi/s ( ?ree drops ( ! milk ( a woman nurs+ a male *ild giv5 9 a raw egg to ! pati5t )\t 8 k4#biag ,sid5ote3 ,pi\s incantations & magical proc$ure4 ,! "w ab\nds 9 *>act]s & 9 incantations :i* consi/ ei!r ( seem+ly mean+less words or ( ,biblical phrases & allusions4 ,^! are v mu* l ^? 9 ! manuscripts already consid]$ & are (t5 accompani$ by elaborate proc$ure4 ,= example1 ! pray]1 8,o ,"l1 sp>e y\r s]vant ,n41 s t *a/is$ ) des]v$ /ripes he may re/ 9 y\r m]cy10 is to be writt5 on five holy waf]s :i* are !n to be plac$ on ! five w\nds ( a figure ( ,*ri/ on a crucifix4 ,! pati5t is to approa* b>efoot1 eat ! waf]s1 & say3 8,almighty ,god1 :o sav$ all ! human race1 save me & free me f ^! fev]s & f all my languors4 ,by ,god ,*ri/ 0 ann\nc$1 & ,*ri/ 0 born1 & ,*ri/ 0 wrapp$ 9 swaddl+ clo!s1 & ,*ri/ 0 plac$ 9 a mang]1 & ,*ri/ 0 circumcis$1 & ,*ri/ 0 ador$ by ! ,magi1 & ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$1 & ,*ri/ 0 tempt$1 & ,*ri/ 0 betray$1 & ,*ri/ 0 flogg$1 & ,*ri/ 0 spat ^u1 & ,*ri/ 0 giv5 gall & v9eg> to dr9k1 & ,*ri/ 0 pi]c$ ) a lance1 & ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$1 & ,*ri/ di$1 & ,*ri/ 0 buri$1 & ,*ri/ rose aga91 & ,*ri/ asc5d$ unto heav54 ,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,jesus1 ris+ f ! synagogue1 ent]$ ! h\se ( ,simon4 ,moreov]1 ,simon's daught] 0 sick ) a high fev]4 ,& !y entreat$ ,him on h] behalf4 ,& /&+ ov] h] ,he comm&$ ! fev] & x dep>t$40#biah ,to cure epilepsy an int]e/+ comb9ation ( scriptural incantation & r unusual magic proc$ure is recomm5d$4 ,be=e ! attack comes on1 ! words ( ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 8,jesus 0 l$ by ! _s into ! des]t2 & angels came & m9i/]$ unto ,him10 are to be writt5 on a wood5 tablet ) "s black sub/ance :i* w wa% (f readily4 ,!n1 :5 ! fit comes on1 ?is writ+ is to be wa%$ (f into a vessel ) /ill wat] & giv5 to ! pati5t to dr9k 9 ! "n ( ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/4 8,if y d ?is ?ree times1 ,god help+ ! pati5t w be cur$40#biai ,sid5ote3 ,m sup]/iti\s vet]9>y practice4 ,our manuscript fur!r resembles ,eg]ton #hba ( ! ,briti% ,museum 9 conta9+ rem$ies = bea/ z well z man4 ,if a horse suff]s f ov]-eat+1 "o %\ld le>n 8 "n & procure "s hazel rods4 ,!n "o is to :isp] 9 8 "r e> an incantation consi/+ ( outl&i% words accompani$ by ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & is to b9d 8 ?ighs & feet ) ! rods4 ,?is c]emony1 too1 is to be repeat$ ?rice4#bibj ,sid5ote3 ,! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no4 ,we n[ come to ! consid]ation ( treatises suppos$ to h be5 produc$ by ! s*ool ( m$ic9e at ,sal]no4 ,b n only are ! orig9s ( ! s-call$ ,s*ool ( ,sal]no 8veil$ 9 imp5etrable obscurity10#biba mu* ( its lat] hi/ory is sc>cely less unc]ta91 & x is no easy matt] to say :at m5 & :at writ+s may be prop]ly call$ ,sal]nitan1 or :5 !y liv$ or 7 compos$4 ,! manuscripts ( ,sal]nitan writ+s seem to h be5 f\nd m frequ5tly nor? ( ! ,alps ?an 9 ,italian libr>ies4 ,x w\ld p]haps be c>ry+ scepticism too f> to d\bt if m$ic9e develop$ mu* e>li] or m rapidly at ,sal]no ?an else:]e1 s9ce x seems c]ta9 t ! t[n 0 fam\s = its physicians at an e>ly date1 & t we h m$ical writ+s ( ,sal]nitans produc$ 9 ! e>ly elev5? c5tury4 ,b "o is incl9$ to view ) "s scepticism ! assumption ( hi/orians ( m$ic9e#bibb t ! ^w ,sal]nitan repres5ts a sep>ate body ( doctr9e1 or ( me?od 9 practice1 :i* may be %>ply di/+ui%$ f ,arabic m$ic9e or f lat] m$ieval m$ic9e z affect$ by ,arabic influ5ce4 ,r ! m$ical lit]ature & practice ( ,sal]no is an integral & sc>cely di/+ui%able "p ( m$ieval m$ic9e z a :ole4 ,_m ,sal]nitan treatises !mselves belong to ! lat] m$ieval p]iod1 & v few ( !m c be %[n to ant$ate ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 ^: translations seem to m>k ! beg9n+ ( ,arabic influ5ce4 ,& on ! o!r h& !re are equally e>ly m$ieval m$ical treatises1 su* z ^? we h hi!rto be5 consid]+1 :i* are n ,sal]nitan & yet %[ no sign ( ,arabic influ5ce4 ,?us ! ^w ,sal]nitan _c accurately be id5tifi$ ) a fir/ p]iod ( m$ieval ,lat9 m$ic9e bas$ ^u e>ly or ,neo-,lat9 translations ( ,greek m$ical au?ors & ^u indep5d5t m$ical practice4 ,su* activity 0 n conf9$ to ,sal]no4 ,b if we s employ ! ^w ,sal]nitan = a mom5t1 !re seems no reason = ?9k+ t su* a developm5t w\ld be v diff]5t f ! ,arabic & ,byzant9e cont9uations ( ,greek m$ic9e4 ,a place s op5 to ,s>ac5 & ,byzant9e influ5ce z ! coa/ ( s\!rn ,italy is h>dly ! spot :]e we %\ld look = a totally di/9ct m$ical developm5t1 & ! influ5ce ( ,celtic & ,teutonic folk-lore ^u m$ical practice w\ld presumably be m felt nor? ( ! ,alps4 ,& x is to ,sal]no t ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 ! e>lie/ kn[n import] ( ,arabic m$ic9e1 comes4 ,sid5ote3 ,0 ,sal]nitan m$ic9e free f sup]/ition8 ,! notion1 too1 t ! ,sal]nitan or e>ly m$ieval ,lat9 m$ical practice 0 s\nd & /raight=w>d & s5sible & free f ! sup]/ition ) :i* ! hold]s ( ?is op9ion repres5t ,arabic & lat] m$ieval m$ic9e z ov]burd5$1 is also probably illusory4 ,we h already se5 evid5ce ( r extreme sup]/ition 9 e>ly m$ieval ,lat9 m$ic9e :i* %[s no trace ( ,arabic influ5ce1 & ! m$ical practition]s ( ,sal]no are sometimes repres5t$ 9 ! s\rces z empirici/s or old-wives4 ,! place 0 peculi>ly not$ = its female practition]s1 ( :om m anon2 & "o ( ! e>lie/ m5tions ( a physician ( ,sal]no is ! acc\nt 9 ,ri*]'s *ronicle#bibc ( ! mutual poison+ ( two rival physicians 9 #idf ,a4 ,d4 ,"h ! ,sal]nitan is describ$ z lack+ 9 ,lat9 book-k & skilful f natural tal5t & mu* exp]i5ce4 ,he 0 ! que5's favorite physician1 b 0 wor/$ by ano!r royal physician1 ,bi%op ,d]oldus1 9 a debate :i* ! k+1 ,l\is ,,iv1 in/itut$ 9 ord] to f9d out 8:i* ( !m knew m ( ! natures ( ?+s40 ,! defeat$ ,sal]nitan !n 8prep>$ sorc]y0 & tri$ to poison ! bi%op1 :o cur$ himself ) !riac & secretly poison$ 8 rival 9 turn4 ,! ,sal]nitan 0 !n r$uc$ to ! humiliat+ position ( be+ =c$ to besee* ! prelate to cure him1 b 9 8 case ! !riac only drove ! poison into 8 foot1 :i* _h to be amputat$ by a surgeon4 ,?is tale1 be x true or n1 sugge/s t !re 7 good ,lat9 physicians & surgeons outside ( ,sal]no at an e>ly date z well z t ,sal]nitan m$ic9e 0 f> f be+ free f magic & empiricism4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,practica ( ,petrocellus4 ,x is fair]1 h[ev]1 to judge ,sal]no by its own be/ writt5 productions r ?an by ! /ories ( p]haps jeal\s nor!rn]s1 & we may note ,payne's comp>ison ( ! ,practica ( ,petrocellus1#bibd writt5 probably 9 ! e>ly elev5? c5tury1 ) ! e>li] ,lee*-,book ( ,bald & ,cild4 ,select$ recipes1 x may fir/ be said1 7 translat$ f ! ,practica into ,anglo-,saxon4#bibe ,dr4 ,payne 0 impress$ by 8! complete fre$om ( ! =m] f ! magic & sup]/ition :i* ta9t$ ! ,anglo-,saxon & all o!r ,european m$ic9e ( ! "t40 ,payne not$ t ! comp\nds ( ,petrocellus conta9$ few] +r$i5ts1 & reg>d$ ! ,sal]nitan selection ( drugs z 8m intellig5t40 ,! ,sal]nitan =mulae are 8cle>1 simple1 & writt5 on a uni=m sy/em :i* implies traditional skill & culture40#bibf 8,! ph>macy is g5]ally v simple2 &1 z might be expect$1 !re is an entire abs5ce ( *>ms & sup]/iti\s rites40#bibg ,su* simplicity1 h[ev]1 is at be/ a negative sort ( virtue2 & we wond] if ?is e>ly specim5 ( ! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no is free f elaborate sup]/ition = ! v reason t ! "w is simple & elem5t>y4 ,! less m$ic9e1 ! less sup]/ition p]haps4 ,moreov]1 sup]/ition is n q abs5t1 s9ce ,payne himself quotes ! foll[+ recipe3 8,= ^? :o _c see f sunrise to sunset4444 ,?is is ! lee*craft :i* !reto belonge?4 ,take a kneecap ( a buck#bibh & roa/ x1 &1 :5 ! roa/ sweats1 !n take ! sweat & !re) sme> ! eyes1 & aft] t let him eat ! same roa/2 & !n take fre% asses' dung & squeeze x1 & sme> ! eyes !re)1 & x w soon be bett] ) !m40#bibi ,sid5ote3 ,its s\rces4 ,petrocellus is ?\ght to h us$ ,greek writ+s directly )\t ! int]m$i>y ( ,arabic v]sions4#bicj ,he says 9 ! introductory lett] :i* op5s ! ,practica t he r$uces to brief =m 9 ! ,lat9 language ^? 8au?ors :o h cull$ ! dogmas ( all cases f ,greek places40#bica ,b ^! words might be tak5 to indicate t he has us$ ,greek s\rces only indirectly1 :ile ! fact t ! p]son to :om ! "w is address$ is call$ 8de>e/ son0 & 8sweete/ son0 is r 9 ! /yle ( ,arabian & ,hebrew m$ieval writ]s4 ,he goes on to assure ?is p]son t ev]y?+ 9 ! "w has be5 te/$ by exp]i5ce & t no?+ %\ld be add$ to or subtract$ f x4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\rfold orig9 ( m$ic9e4 ,?is introductory epi/le also embodies an acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( m$ic9e :i*1 :ile n exactly sup]/iti\s1 is q 9 ! usual nave & uncritical /yle s (t5 employ$ by bo? anci5t & m$ieval writ]s 9 treat+ ( a di/ant pa/4 ,apollo & 8 son ,esculapius1 ,asclepius & 8,ypocras0 are nam$ z ! f\r f\nd]s ( ! m$ical art4 ,apollo discov]$ me?oyca1 :i* presumably means me?odism1 b :i* ,petrocellus proce$s to id5tify ) surg]y4 ,esculapius inv5t$ empirica1 :i* is describ$ z ph>macy r ?an empiricism1 al?\gh p]haps ! di/9ction is slight4 ,asclepius f\nd$ loyca1 :i* is probably meant = ! dogmatic s*ool4 ,hippocrates' contribution 0 !op]ica1 :i* may mean !rapeutics b is fur!r describ$ z ! progno/ication or 8prevision ( diseases40 ,x is 9 ?is same introductory epi/le t ,petrocellus makes ! division ( ! bra9 into ?ree cells ( :i* we spoke 9 ! *apt] on ,arabic occult sci5ce4 ,besides di/+ui%+ ! ?ree cells z phanta/ic1 logical1 & mnemonic1 he adds t good & evil are di/+ui%$ 9 ! middle cell & t ! s\l is 9 ! po/]ior "o4 ,sid5ote3 ,!rapeutics ( ,petrocellus4 ,9 ! ,practica prop] ! me?od ( ,petrocellus is to take up "o disease at a "t1 tell :at ! ,greeks call x1 & briefly describe x1 sometimes li/+ its symptoms or causes1 b devot+ mo/ ( 8 space to su* me?ods ( cur+ x z diet & ble$+1 simples & comp\nds4 ,i saw no in/ance ( a/rological m$ic9e nor ( resort to amulets & incantations 9 ! v]sion publi%$ by ,r5zi f a twelf? c5tury manuscript at ,p>is4 ,b 9 a fragm5t ( ! "w f a ,milan manuscript :]e tw5ty-six l9es are devot$ to ! treatm5t ( epilepsy in/ead ( b sev5 z 9 ! o!r text1#bicb "o is advis$ to use antimony 9 ! holy wat] 8:i* ! ,greeks bless on ,epiphany0 & to *ant ! ,"l's ,pray] ?ree times4 ,if ?is passage be a lat] addition1 x %[s t ,petrocellus 0 less incl9$ to sup]/iti\s me?ods ?an o!rs & t 8 injunction t no?+ %\ld be subtract$ f or add$ to 8 "w 0 n well obs]v$4 ,b 9 any case x illu/rates my previ\s po9t t ! m m$ic9e1 ! m sup]/ition4 ,9 tw5ty-six l9es on epilepsy "o is mu* m likely to f9d some?+ sup]/iti\s ?an 9 sev54 ,inde$1 ! treatm5t ( epilepsy 0 s g5]ally sup]/iti\s t my recollection is t any acc\nt ( x ( any consid]able l5g? :i* ,i h se5 9 m$ieval writ+s conta9$ "s sup]/ition4 ,9 fact1 ev5 if ,petrocellus wrote ! long] passage1 he c\ld be prais$ = hav+ resort$ to *>ms & =mulae only 9 ! case ( t my/]i\s disease4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,regim5 ,sal]nitanum4 ,! "w mo/ g5]ally kn[n z a *>act]i/ic product ( ! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no is ! ,lat9 poem#bicc :i* op5s ) ! l9e1 8,to ! ,k+ ( ! ,engli% writes ! :ole ,s*ool ( ,sal]no40#bicd ,?is poem has be5 v>i\sly entitl$ ,s*ola ,sal]nitana1 ,regim5 ,sal]nitanum1 & ,flos m$ic9ae4 ,h[ mu* m influ5tial & widespread x 0 ?an ! ,practica ( ,petrocellus may be se5 f ! fact t manuscripts ( ! text ( ! latt] are r>e1 ?\gh ! introductory lett] is m common1 & t x 0 fir/ publi%$ by ,r5zi 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :]eas ab\t "o hundr$ manuscripts & two hundr$ & fifty pr9t$ editions ( ! poem h be5 f\nd4 ,x 0 kn[n *iefly ?r\gh ! brief v]sion ( #cfb v]ses1 ^u :i* ,arnald ( ,villanova comm5t$ at ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 until z a result ( ! rese>*es ( ,baudry de ,balzac1 ,r5zi1 & ,d>emb]g ! numb] ( l9es 0 increas$ to #cebf4 ,?is pat*work f _m manuscripts c sc>cely be reg>d$ z ! "w ( any "o au?or1 "t1 or ev5 s*ool1 & x may be s]i\sly que/ion$ h[ _m ( ! v]ses really emanat$ f ,sal]no4 ,c]ta9ly x is n free f ,arabic influ5ce1 s9ce x cites ,alfraganus z well z ,ptolemy4#bice ,pl9y is us$ a great deal = ! virtues ( h]bs4 ,mu* ( x s\nds l a late v]sification ( commonplaces = mnemonic purposes4 ,sudh(f has rec5tly po9t$ out t x 0 n g5]ally kn[n until ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 be=e :i* "t ,fr$]ick ,,ii1 ! cultur$ mon>*1 & ,giles de ,corbeil1 ! m$ical poet1 appe> unaw>e ( its exi/5ce4#bicf ,sid5ote3 ,its sup]/ition4 ,! brief v]sion ( ! poem comm5t$ ^u by ,arnald ( ,villanova naturally conta9s only "o-t5? ( ! sup]/ition f\nd 9 ! full] text :i* is t5 times long]4 ,9 "s respects ?is brief v]sion might pass z a re/ra9$1 ?\gh qua9t1 e>ly set ( directions h[ to pres]ve heal?1 to :i* lat] writ]s h add$ sup]/iti\s recipes4 ,b z a matt] ( fact x is too sup]/iti\s = ev5 "o z hospitable to !ories ( occult influ5ce z ,arnald1 :o rejects z false & wor?less#bicg its ass]tion t ! mon?s ( ,april1 ,may1 & ,septemb] are lun> & t 9 !m consequ5tly fall ! days ^u :i* ble$+ is prohibit$4 ,9 ! l9es ^u :i* ,arnald comm5ts m>vel\s prop]ties are m5tion$ 9 ! case ( ! plant rue1 b ! full] text has _m m5tions ( ! occult virtues ( h]bs1 /ones1 & animals4 ,almo/ at a glance we read t ! ur9e ( a dog or ! blood ( a m\se cures w>ts2 t juice ( betony %\ld be ga!r$ on ! eve ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 t rubb+ ! soles ( ! feet cures a /iff neck1 & t pe>ls or ! /one f\nd 9 a crab's head are ( equal virtue = he>t tr\ble4#bich ,& n f> away is a passage#bici on ! virtue ( ! ,agnus ,dei1 made ( balsam1 pure wax1 & ! ,*rism4 ,x protects aga9/ lightn+ & ! waves ( ! sea1 aids wom5 9 *ild-bir?1 saves f sudd5 dea?1 & 9 %ort f 8e k9d ( evil40 ,a/rology is by no means omitt$ f ! ,regim5 ,sal]nitanum2 9 fact ,balzac seems to h tak5 ! fact t v]ses 7 a/rological 9 "* z a sign t !y belong$ 9 ! ,sal]nitan collection4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,practica ( ,ar*imat?aeus4 ,a ?ird "w :i* may be consid]$ z an example ( ! m$ic9e ( ,sal]no is ! ,practica ( ,ar*imat?aeus :i* ,r5zi plac$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury & conjectur$ to be ! "w ( ,mat?aeus ,plate>ius ! ,eld]4#bidj ,"o or two expressions1 h[ev]1 might be tak5 z indications t ! writ] is nei!r ( e>ly date nor himself a ,sal]nitan4 ,he speaks ( cur+ pleurisy 9 a diff]5t way f ! treatm5t recomm5d$ 9 ! ,practica's & tells h[ ! ,sal]nitans try to prev5t _! hair f fall+ out by reason ( _! pores op5+ too wide :5 !y frequ5t ! ba?4#bida ,r5zi hail$ ?is treatise ) delight z 8a true m$ical cl9ic10#bidb s9ce ! au?or describes "s tw5ty-two specific cases4 ,he /ates at ! beg9n+ t he does n propose to write a sy/ematic treatise or to deal ) e v>iety ( disease1 b only ) ^? 9 :i* he has le>n$ new & bett] me?ods by exp]i5ce1 8& 9 :i* ,god has put ! desir$ effect 9 my h&40#bidc ,?r\gh ! "w we enc\nt] su* phrases z exp]tum e/1 aliud probatissimum1 8,i tell y :at ,i h prov$10 8,we h te/$ ?is by exp]i5ce & rejoic$ at ! result40 ,^! utt]ances seem really to ref] to ! writ]'s own exp]i5ce & n to be copi$ f previ\s au?ors4 ,! foll[+ is an example ( 8 cases4 8,a c]ta9 lady incurr$ p>alysis ( ! face dur+ sleep aft] ! ba?10 :i* he attributes to dissolution ( humors :i* affect$ ! muscles4 ,fir/ he bl$ ! cephalic ve91 hop+ !reby to draw (f some:at ! humors f ! afflict$ place4 ,!n = ?ree successive days he gave h] 8! potion ( ,/4 ,paul ) w9e ( a decoction ( salvia & ca/oria :i* 9 "p prev5t dissolution1 9 "p consume x40 ,he also _h h] hold t w9e 9 h] m\? = a long "t be=e swall[+ x4 ,at l5g? he gave h] a purgative ) pills ( y]apiga 7sacrum am>um71 mix$ ) gold5 pills4 8,aft]w>ds we inject$ pills ( diaca/oria into h] no/rils & plac$ h] ne> ! fire4 ,f9ally we gave opopira 7bread free f furfure7 ) ! a=esaid w9e1 & s %e 0 cur$1 only a c]ta9 tumor rema9$ 9 h] face & made h] eye wat]4 ,we ano9t$ h] face ) gold5 ungu5t & ! potion ( ,/4 ,paul mix$ toge!r & ! tumor disappe>$2 = ! te>s we gave gold5 ,alex&r9a & !y 7 *eck$2 & ?us x 0 t ?is ye> 9 y\r pres5ce we cur$ a c]ta9 p>alytic40#bidd ,l ,gal5's acc\nts ( 8 actual cases ?is makes u realize t all ! gruesome mixtures ( :i* we read 9 ! books 7 actually =c$ ^u pati5ts1 (t5 sev]al ( !m ^u "o poor sick p]son1 & t m$ical practice 0 r worse ?an m$ical !ory4 ,an int]e/+ obs]vation conc]n+ ! lot ( ! l[] classes is let fall by our au?or :51 9 discuss+ involunt>y emission ( ur9e1 he /ates t s]fs & h&maids are especially subject to ?is ailm5t1 s9ce !y g ab\t ill-clad & ) b>e feet & become ?or\ghly *ill$4#bide ,sid5ote3 ,a ,sal]nitan treatise ( ab\t #abjj4 ,giacosa class$ "o ( ! treatises :i* he publi%$ z ,sal]nitan because x 0 writt5 9 a ,lomb>d or ,monte ,cass9o h& ( ab\t #abjj4bidf ,he describ$ its cont5ts z purely !rapeutical & reg>d$ its au?or z %[+ 8a c]ta9 repugnance0 to ! popul> rem$ies & sup]/itions recomm5d$ by o!r contempor>y treatises4 ,= ?is conclusion ! *ief evid5ce seems to be a passage :]e ! au?or1 aft] li/+ su* means to prev5t a woman f conceiv+ z b9d+ h] head ) a r$ ribbon or hold+ ! /one f\nd 9 ! head ( an ass1 says t he ?9ks t su* rem$ies 8op]ate m by fai? ?an reason40#bidg ,b he makes mu* use ( p>ts ( animals & ( suffumigations1 advis+ = example on ! same page t aft] conception !re %\ld be fumigation ) a root ( m&ragora or peony or ! excrem5t ( an ass mix$ ) fl\r1 an op]ation :i* he *>act]izes z exp]tissimum4 ,& on ! prec$+ page1 z ,giacosa has not$1 he recomm5ds a proc$ure :i* is ev5 m improbable ?an x is immoral1 :]eby pati5ts :o %[ !mselves ungrateful to ! physician aft] !y h be5 cur$ may be made to suff] aga94#bidh ,sid5ote3 ,! wives ( ,sal]no4 ,we promis$ to say some?+ ( ! female practition]s ( ,sal]no4 ,trotula is no long] believ$ to be a woman & we h to judge ! wom5 ( ,sal]no ma9ly by :at o!rs say ( !m4 ,9 a comm5t>y ( a ,ma/] ,b]n>d ( ,prov5ce1 :o ,i suspect may be ,b]n>d ,gordon1 ! m$ical writ] at ,montpelli] ( ! clos+ ?irte5? c5tury1 are a numb] ( practices attribut$ to ! wom5 ( ,sal]no :i* ,r5zi has already br\ght toge!r4#bidi ,9 ^! cases ! practices are *iefly ^? employ$ by ! wom5 !mselves 9 *ild-bir?4 ,we may note ?ree f ! li/ t savor /rongly ( magic4 8,! wom5 ( ,sal]no cook doves ) ! acorns :i* ! doves eat2 !n !y remove ! acorns f ! gizz>d & eat !m1 :5ce ! ret5tive virtue is mu* com=t$40 8,:5 ! wom5 ( ,sal]no fe> abortion1 !y c>ry ) !m ! pregnant /one10 :i* our au?or expla9s is n ! magnet4 ,! o!r recipe _h p]haps bett] rema9 untranslat$3 ,/]cus as9i com$unt muli]es ,sal]nitanae 9 crispellis et dant viris suis ut melius ret9eant sp]ma et sic concipiant4 ,z we %all see 9 our *apt] on ,arnald ( ,villanova1 ano!r m$ical writ] ( ! late ?irte5? & e>ly f\rte5? c5tury1 he condemn$ ! use ( incantations 9 cases ( *ild-bir? by old-wives ( ,sal]no b approv$ ( a v simil> proc$ure by :i* a prie/ _h cur$ him ( w>ts1 & also m5tion$ favorably ! cures wr\ght by female practition]s at ,rome & ,montpelli]4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii ,,con/ant9us ,,africanus3 ,c4 #ajae-ajhg4 ,reputation & influ5ce--,8 /udies 9 ! ,ori5t--,8 lat] life 9 ,italy--,8 works 7 ma9ly translations--,pantegni--,viaticum--,o!r translations--,! book ( degrees--,on melan*oly--,on disord]s ( ! /oma*--,m$ical works ascrib$ to ,alfanus--,con/ant9us & exp]im5t--8,exp]im5ts0 involv+ incantations--,sup]/ition comp>atively r>e 9 ,con/ant9us--,& ( ,greek r ?an ,arabic orig9--,"s signs ( a/rology & al*emy--,con/ant9us & ! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no--,lib] aureus & ,john ,afflacius--,afflacius m sup]/iti\s ?an 8 ma/]4 ,sid5ote3 ,reputation & influ5ce4 ,con/ant9us ,africanus w be "h consid]$ at p]haps great] l5g? ?an 8 connection ) ! hi/ory ei!r ( magic or exp]im5tal sci5ce requires1 b :i* 8 g5]al importance 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ic9e & ! lack ( any good treatm5t ( him 9 ,engli% may ju/ify4#biej ,our discussion ( him z an import] ( ,arabic m$ic9e w also s]ve to support our attitude t[>ds ! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no4 ,d>emb]g wrote 9 #ahec1 8,we owe a great debt ( gratitude to ,con/ant9us because he ?us op5$ = ,lat9 l&s ! treasures ( ! ea/ & consequ5tly ^? ( ,greece4 ,he has receiv$ & he des]ves f e po9t ( view ! title ( re/or] ( m$ical lit]ature 9 ! we/40#biea ,d>emb]g proce$$ to propose t a /atue ( ,con/ant9us be erect$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! ,gulf ( ,sal]no or on ! summit ( ,monte ,cass9o4 ,yet 9 #ahgj he made ! surpris+ ass]tion t 8! voice ( ,con/ant9us t[>ds ! close ( ! elev5? c5tury is an isolat$ voice & almo/ )\t an e*o40#bieb ,b z a matt] ( fact ,con/ant9us 0 a mu* cit$ au?ority dur+ ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies 9 ! works bo? ( m$ic9e & ( natural sci5ce produc$ 9 ,lat9 9 we/]n ,europe1 & 8 translations 7 cit$ "u 8 own "n r ?an ^? ( _! orig9al au?ors4#biec ,sid5ote3 ,8 /udies 9 ! ,ori5t4 ,a brief sket* ( ,con/ant9us' c>e] & a li/ ( 8 works#bied is twice suppli$ u by ,pet] ! ,deacon1 :o wrote 9 ! next c5tury1#biee & :o treats ( ,con/ant9us bo? 9 ! *ronicle ( ,monte ,cass9o1 :i* he cont9u$ to ! ye> #aach1bief & 9 8 "w on ! illu/ri\s m5 ( ,monte ,cass9o4#bieg ,pet] tells t ,con/ant9us 0 born at ,c>?age1 by :i* he probably means ,tunis1 s9ce ,c>?age 0 no long] 9 exi/5ce1 b w5t to ,babylon1 by :i* ,cairo is presumably designat$1 s9ce ,babylon _h ages be=e be5 r$uc$ to a du/ heap1#bieh to improve 8 education4 ,8 bir? mu/ h be5 9 ab\t #ajae4 ,!re he is said to h /udi$ gramm>1 dialectic1 geometry1 ari?metic1 8ma!matics10 a/ronomy1 & physics or m$ic9e 7physica74 ,to ?is curriculum 9 ! ,*ronicle ,pet] adds 9 ! ,lives ( ,illu/ri\s ,m5 ! subjects ( music & necromancy4 ,:5 s little 0 said ( spirits 9 ! occult sci5ce ( ! ,arabic au?ors ( ! n9? c5tury :om we consid]$ 9 an e>li] *apt]1 x is r a surprise to he> t ,con/ant9us /udi$ necromancy1 b t subject is li/$ along ) ma!matical & natural sci5ces by ,al-,f>abi 9 8 ,de ortu sci5ti>um1#biei & we %all f9d ?is classification reproduc$ by two we/]n ,*ri/ian s*ol>s ( ! twelf? c5tury4#bifj ,! ma!matica & a/ronomy :i* ,con/ant9us /udi$ v likely also includ$ consid]able a/rology & div9ation4 ,at any rate we are told t he n only pursu$ 8 /udies among 8! ,*aldeans1 ,arabs1 ,p]sians1 & ,s>ac5s10 & 0 fully imbu$ ) 8all ! arts ( ! ,egyptians10 b ev51 l ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 visit$ ,india & ,e?iopia 9 8 que/ = le>n+4 ,x 0 only aft] a lapse ( ?irty-n9e or =ty ye>s t he return$ to ,nor? ,africa4 ,mo/ mod]n second>y acc\nts "h /ate t ,con/ant9us 0 soon =c$ to flee f ,nor? ,africa because ( ! jeal\sy ( o!r physicians :o accus$ him ( magic1#bifa or f fe> t 8 fell[ citiz5s w\ld kill him z a wiz>d4 ,9 view ( 8 /udy ( necromancy1 ?is may well h be5 ! case4 ,pet] ! ,deacon1 h[ev]1 simply /ates t :5 ! ,africans saw him s fully in/ruct$ 9 ! /udies ( all nations1 !y plott$ to kill him1#bifb & gives no fur!r indication ( _! motives4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 lat] life 9 ,italy4 ,con/ant9us secretly bo>d$ %ip & made 8 escape to ,sal]no1 :]e he liv$ = "s "t 9 pov]ty1 until a bro!r ( ! caliph 7regis ,babiloniorum7 :o *anc$ to come !re recogniz$ him1 aft] :i* he 0 held 9 great honor by ,duke ,rob]t ,guisc>d4 ,! second>y acc\nts say t he became ,rob]t's confid5tial secret>y & t he _h previ\sly occupi$ a simil> position "u ! ,byzant9e emp]or1 ,con/ant9e ,monoma*os1#bifc b ( ^! matt]s aga9 ,pet] ! ,deacon is sil5t4 ,:5 ,con/ant9us left ! ,norman c\rt1 x 0 to become a monk at ,monte ,cass9o1 :]e he rema9$ until 8 dea? 9 #ajhg4 ,9 a "w address$ to ! ar*bi%op ( ,sal]no he speaks ( himself z ,con/ant9us ,africanus ,cass95sis#bifd & ,alb]tus ,magnus cites him z ,con/ant9us ,cassian5sis4#bife ,:at purports to be a picture ( ,con/ant9us is pres]v$ 9 a manuscript ( ! fifte5? c5tury at ,ox=d4#biff ,sid5ote3 ,8 works 7 ma9ly translations4 ,pet] ! ,deacon /ates bo? 9 ! ,*ronicle & 9 ! ,illu/ri\s ,m5 t :ile at ! mona/]y ( ,monte ,cass9o ,con/ant9us ,africanus 8translat$ a great numb] ( books f ! languages ( v>i\s peoples40 ,pet] !n li/s ! *ief ( ^!4 ,x is int]e/+ to note1 9 view ( ! fact t ,con/ant9us 9 prefaces & introductions appe>s to claim "s ( ! works z 8 own1 & t he 0 accus$ ( fraud & plagi>ism by m$ieval writ]s :o foll[$ him z well z by mod]n inve/igators1 t ,pet] ! ,deacon speaks ( all 8 writ+s z translations f o!r languages4 ,pet] does n1 h[ev]1 give u mu* in=mation z to :o ! ,greek or ,arabic au?orities 7 :om ,con/ant9e translat$4 ,x may be add$ t if ,con/ant9us claim$ = himself ! cr$it = ,lat9 v]sions :i* 7 ess5tially translations1 he 0 m]ely cont9u+ a practice ( :i* ,arabic au?ors !mselves _h be5 repeat$ly guilty4 ,inde$1 we are told t !y sometimes ev5 de/roy$ e>li] works :i* !y _h copi$ 9 ord] to receive sole cr$it = ideas :i* 7 n _! own4#bifg ,sid5ote3 ,pantegni4 ,! longe/ ( ,con/ant9us' translations & ! "o mo/ (t5 cit$ 9 ! middle ages 0 ! ,pante*ni or ,pantegni1 compris+ t5 books ( !ory & t5 ( practice z pr9t$ 9 #aeae ) ! works ( ,isaac1#bifh al?\gh ,pet] ! ,deacon speaks ( ,con/ant9us' divid+ ! ,pantegni into twelve books & !n ( a ,practica :i* also consi/$ ( twelve books4 ,:at is ! n9? book ( ! ,practica 9 ?is pr9t$ v]sion is li/$ z a sep>ate book on surg]y by ,pet] 9 8 ,illu/ri\s ,m51 al?\gh omitt$ f 8 li/ 9 ! ,*ronicle1 & 0 s pr9t$ 9 ! #aecf edition ( ! works ( ,con/ant9us4#bifi ,& ! ,antidot>ium :i* ,pet] li/s z a sep>ate title is probably simply ! t5? book ( ! ,practica z pr9t$ ) ! works ( ,isaac4#bigj ,! ,pantegni1 h[ev]1 is n a translation ( any "w by ,isaac1 b an adaptation ( ! ,khitaab el ,maleki1 or ,royal ,art ( ,m$ic9e1 ( ,ali ,ibn ,abbas4 ,! preface ( ,con/ant9us#biga says no?+ ( ,ali b tells ! abbot ,desid]ius t1 fail+ to f9d 9 ! _m works ( ! ,lat9s or ev5 9 8our own writ]s1 anci5t & mod]n10 su* z ,hippocrates1 ,gal51 ,oribasius1 ,paulus1 & ,alex&]1 exactly ! sort ( treatise desir$1 he has compos$ 8?is little "w ( our own0 7hoc no/rum opusculum74 ,b ,/eph5 ( ,pisa1 :o also translat$ ,ali into ,lat9 9 #aabg1bigb accus$ ,con/ant9us ( hav+ suppress$ bo? ! au?or's "n & title ( ! book & ( hav+ made _m omissions & *anges ( ord] bo? 9 preface & text b )\t really add+ any new contributions ( 8 own4#bigc ,/eph5 fur!r ju/ifi$ 8 own translation by ass]t+ t n only _h ! fir/ "p ( ,! ,royal ,art ( ,m$ic9e ( ,ali ,ibn ,abbas be5 8corrupt$ by ! %rewd fraud ( its translator10 b also t ! la/ & great] portion 0 miss+ 9 ! v]sion by ,con/ant9us4#bigd ,also ,f]r>ius said 9 8 gloss to ! ,univ]sal ,diets ( ,isaac t ,con/ant9us _h complet$ ! translation ( only ?ree books ( ! ,practica1 los+ ! re/ 9 a %ipwreck4#bige ,a ?ird m$ieval writ]1 ,giraldus ,bituric5sis1 adds#bigf t ,con/ant9us sub/itut$ 9 its place ! ,lib] simplicis m$ic9ae & ,lib] graduum1 & t x 0 ,/eph5 ( ,pisa :o translat$ ! rema9d] ( ! "w ( ,ali b5 ,abbas :i* is call$ ! ,practica ,pantegni et ,/ephanonis4 ,/eph5's translation is inde$ diff]5t f ! t5 books ( ! ,practica pr9t$ ) ! works ( ,isaac4 ,f ^! facts & f an exam9ation ( ! manuscripts ( ! ,practica ,rose conclud$#bigg t ,con/ant9us wrote only its fir/ two books#bigh & ! fir/ "p ( ! n9?1 :i* is r\ghly ! same z ! ,surg]y publi%$ sep>ately among ,con/ant9us' works4 ,! re/ ( ?is n9? book 0 translat$ into ,lat9 at ! "t ( ! exp$ition to besiege ,majorca1 t is1 9 #aaad-aaae1 by a ,john#bigi :o _h rec5tly be5 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity#bihj & :om ,rose 0 incl9$ to id5tify ) ,john ,afflacius1 8a disciple ( ,con/ant9us10 ( :om we %all h m to say pres5tly4 ,rose fur!r held t ?is ,john complet$ ! ,practica#biha commonly ascrib$ to ,con/ant9us ) ! exception ( its t5? book :i*1 z we h sugge/$1 seems orig9ally to h be5 a di/9ct ,antidot>ium4 ,diff]5t f ! ,pantegni is ! ,comp5dium megategni ,gal5i by ,con/ant9us publi%$ ) ! works ( ,isaac1 & ! ,librum ,tegni1 ,megategni1 ,microtegni li/$ by ,pet] ! ,deacon4 ,sid5ote3 ,viaticum4 ,p]haps ! next be/ kn[n & ! mo/ frequ5tly pr9t$#bihb ( ,con/ant9us' translations or adaptations f ! ,arabic is 8 ,viaticum :i*1 z ,pet] ! ,deacon /ates1 is divid$ into sev5 books4 ,9 ! preface ,con/ant9us /ates t ! ,pantegni 0 = m advanc$ /ud5ts1 ?is is a brief manual = o!rs4 ,he also adds t he app5ds 8 own "n to x because !re are p]sons :o pr(it by ! labors ( o!rs &1 8:5 ! "w ( someone else has come into _! h&s1 furtively & l ?ieves inscribe _! own names40 ,d>emb]g designat$ ,abu ,jaf> ,ahm$ ,ibn-al-,jezz> z au?or ( ! ,arabic orig9al ( ! ,viaticum4 ,moses ,ibn ,tibbon1 :o made a ,hebrew translation 9 #abei1 criticiz$ ! ,lat9 v]sion ( ,con/ant9us z (t5 abbreviat$1 obscure1 & s]i\sly alt]$ 9 arrangem5t4#bihc ,con/ant9us seems to be allud$ to 9 ! ,ephodia or ,greek v]sion ( ! same "w4#bihd ,sid5ote3 ,o!r translations4 ,if nei!r ! orig9al ( ! ,pantegni nor ( ! ,viaticum is to be assign$ to ,isaac1 ,con/ant9us nev]!less did translate "s ( 8 works1 namely1 ^? on diets1 ur9es1 & fev]s4#bihe ,moreov]1 ,con/ant9us himself admits t ^! ,lat9 works are translations1 /at+ 9 ! preface to ! treatise on ur9es t1 f9d+ no satisfactory treatm5t ( ! subject 9 ,lat91 he turn$ to ! ,arabic language & translat$ ! "w :i* ,isaac _h compil$ f ! anci5ts4 ,con/ant9us also /ates t he translat$ ! treatise on fev]s f ! ,arabic4 ,we h already se5 t ! alphabetical ,lat9 v]sion ( ,dioscorides :i* _h mo/ curr5cy 9 ! middle ages is ascrib$ 9 at lea/ "o manuscript to ,con/ant9us4 ,he also translat$ "s treatises ascrib$ to ,hippocrates & ,gal51 su* z ,gal5's comm5t>y on ! ,aphorisms & ,progno/ics ( ,hippocrates#bihf & ! ,tegni ( ,gal54 ,con/ant9us has also be5 cr$it$ ) translat+ works ( ,gal5 on ! eyes1 on diseases ( wom51 & on human nature1 b ^! are n g5u9e works ( ,gal54 ,sid5ote3 ,! book ( degrees4 ,9 8 li/ ( ! works :i* ,con/ant9us translat$ f v>i\s languages4#bihg ,pet] ! ,deacon includes ,! book ( degrees1 b x has n yet be5 discov]$ f :at e>li] au?or1 if any1 x is copi$ or adapt$4 ,! "w is a developm5t ( ,gal5's doctr9e t v>i\s m$ic9al simples are hot or cold1 dry or moi/1 9 v>y+ degrees4 ,con/ant9us presupposes f\r gradations ( ?is sort4 ,?us a food or m$ic9e is hot 9 ! fir/ degree if its heat+ p[] is bel[ t ( ! normal human body2 if x is ( ! same temp]ature z ! body1 x ranks z ( ! second degree2 if its heat is some:at great] ?an t ( ! body1 x is ( ! ?ird degree2 if its heat is extreme & unbe>able1 x is ( ! f\r? degree4 ,! rose is cold 9 ! fir/ degree1 is dry t[>ds ! end ( ! second degree1 :ile ! violet is cold t[>ds ! end ( ! fir/ degree & moi/ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! second degree4 ,?us ,con/ant9us di/+ui%es n only f\r degrees b a beg9n+1 middle & end ( ea* degree1 & ,pet] ! ,deacon once gives ! title ( ! "w z ,! book ( twelve degrees4#bihh ,?is int]e/+ ?\gh crude beg9n+ 9 ! direction ( sci5tific !rmometry & hydrometry un=tunately re/$ ^u incorrect assumptions z to ! nature & causation ( heat & moi/ure1 & s 0 p]haps de/9$ to d m h>m ?an good4 ,sid5ote3 ,on melan*oly4 ,a gloss>y ( h]bs & species & a "w on ! pulse1 :i* ,pet] ! ,deacon includes 9 bo? 8 li/s ( ,con/ant9us' works or translations1 d n seem to h be5 pr9t$ or id5tifi$ z ,con/ant9us'4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! pr9t$ edition ( ! works ( ,con/ant9us includes treatises on melan*oly & on ! /oma*#bihi :i* are n m5tion$ 9 ,pet]'s li/4 ,9 a preface to ! ,de melan*olia :i* is n includ$ 9 ! pr9t$ edition#biij ,con/ant9us ,africanus speaks ( himself z a monk ( ,monte ,cass9o & /ates t1 :ile he has (t5 t\*$ on ! disease ( melan*oly 9 ! _m m$ical books :i* he has add$ to ! ,lat9 language1 he has decid$ also to write a sep>ate bro*ure on ! subject because x is an important malady & because x is especially preval5t 89 ^! regions40 8,!re=e ,i h collect$ ?is booklet f _m volumes ( our adepts 9 ?is art40 ,:e!r ! ^w 8our0 "h ref]s to ,greek or ,arabic writ]s w\ld be h>d to say4 ,con/ant9us /ates t melan*oly is a disease to :i* ^? are especially liable :o are always int5t on /udy & books ( philosophy1 8because ( _! sci5tific inve/igations & tir+ _! memories & griev+ ov] ! failure ( _! m9ds40 ,?is ailm5t also afflicts 8^? :o lose _! belov$ possessions1 su* z _! *ildr5 & de>e/ fri5ds or "s preci\s ?+ :i* _c be re/or$1 z :5 s*ol>s sudd5ly lose _! books40 ,con/ant9us also describes ! melan*oly ( 8_m religi\s p]sons :o live lives to be rev]$1 b fall into ?is disease f _! fe> ( ,god & contemplation ( ! la/ judgm5t & desire ( see+ ! summum bonum4 ,su* p]sons ?9k ( no?+ & seek = no?+ save to love & fe> ,god alone1 & !y incur ?is compla9t & become drunk z x 7 ) _! excessive anxiety & vanity40#biia ,su* passages w\ld seem to describe ,con/ant9us' own associates & environm5t1 b !y may possibly be a m]e translation ( "s "w ( an e>li] ,*ri/ian ,arab1 su* z ,hone9 b5 ,i%ak :o translat$ or pret5d$ to translate a numb] ( works ( ,greek m$ic9e into ,arabic4 ,9 a lat] *apt]#biib we %all f9d t ,hone9 p]haps _h some?+ to d ) ano!r "w call$ ,! ,secrets ( ,gal51 9 :i* rem$ies = religi\s ascetics :o h ru9$ _! heal? by _! au/]ities =m a r prom95t feature4 ,sid5ote3 ,on disord]s ( ! /oma*4 ,t ! treatise on disord]s ( ! /oma* is ,con/ant9us' own "w is indicat$ by its preface1 :i* is address$ to ,alfanus1 ar*bi%op ( ,sal]no f #ajeh to #ajhg & e>li] a monk ( ,monte ,cass9o4 ,alfanus _h himself translat$ ,nemesius #biic & 0 ! c5t] ( a gr\p ( le>n$ writ]s3 ! dialectician1 ,alb]ic ! ,deacon1 ! hi/orian1 ,amatus ( ,sal]no1 & ! ma!matician & a/ronom]1 ,p&ulf ( ,capua4#biid ,con/ant9us /ates t he writes ?is treatise = ,alfanus z a comp5sation = 8 rec5t failure to relieve a /oma*-a*e ) :i* t prelate 0 afflict$4 ,su* in/ances ( self-confess$ failure1 be x not$ 9 pass+1 are r>e inde$ 9 anci5t & m$ieval m$ic9e1 & = ?is reason we are ! m incl9$ to deal *>itably ) ! *>ges ( lit]>y plagi>ism :i* h be5 pref]r$ aga9/ ,con/ant9us4 ,he goes on to say t he has s\ght ) great c>e b 9 va9 among anci5t writ+s = any treatise devot$ exclusively to ! /oma*1 & has only succe$$ 9 f9d+ "h & !re scatt]$ discussions :i* he n[ presumably comb9es 9 ! pres5t special treatise4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$ical works ascrib$ to ,alfanus4 ,?is ar*bi%op ,alfanus appe>s to h writt5 on m$ic9e himself1 s9ce ,a treatise ( ,alfanus ( ,sal]no conc]n+ c]ta9 m$ical que/ions 0 li/$ among ! books at ,*ri/*ur*1 ,cant]bury ab\t #acjj4biie ,also a collection ( recipes entitl$1 ,exp]im5ts ( an ar*bi%op ( ,sal]no1 9 a manuscript ( ! e>ly twelf? c5tury are v likely by him4#biif ,!y foll[ a treatise on melan*oly :i* does n1 h[ev]1 appe> to be t ( ,con/ant9us ,africanus4#biig ,sid5ote3 ,con/ant9us & exp]im5t4 ,pet] ! ,deacon's bibliography ( ! works ( ,con/ant9us includes a ,de exp]im5tis :i*1 if extant1 has n be5 id5tifi$ z ,con/ant9us'4 ,9 su* works ( 8 z are available1 h[ev]1 we f9d a numb] ( m5tions ( exp]i5ce & its value4 ,x is ( c\rse to be rememb]$ t su* expressions z 8we /ate :at we h te/$ & :at our au?orities h us$10#biih & 8we h _h p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ! confection :i* we n[ m5tion10#biii may ref] to ! exp]i5ce ( ! pa/ au?ors ^: works ,con/ant9us is us+ or translat+ r ?an to 8 own4 ,9 ! ,pantegni#cjjj 8anci5t m$ical writ]s0 are divid$ into exp]i5tes & rationabiles1 & we are told t ! empirics decl>e t comp\nd m$ic9es c be discov]$ only 9 dreams & by *ance1 :ile ! rationali/s hold t ^! c be d$uc$ f a k ( ! virtues & qualities & accid5ts ( bodies & diseases4 ,?is mu* is ( c\rse simply ,gal5 ov] aga94 ,con/ant9us occasionally gives m$ical 8exp]im5ts10 z 9 ! case ( 8prov$ exp]im5ts to eject reptiles f ! body10#cjja or ! plac+ ( a live *ick5 on ! place bitt5 by a mad dog4 ,! *ick5 w !n die :ile ! man w be cur$ 8beyond a d\bt40#cjjb ,su* m$ical 8exp]im5ts0 by ,con/ant9us 7 (t5 cit$ by subsequ5t m$ieval writ]s4 ,sid5ote3 8,exp]im5ts0 involv+ incantations4 ,incantations are involv$ 9 "s ( ^! 8exp]im5ts40 ,"o approv$ exp]im5t1 we are told1 consi/s 9 :isp]+ 9 ! e> ( ! pati5t ! words1 ,rec$e demon quia dee fanolcri precipiunt4 ,! effect ( ?is proc$ure is t :5 ! epileptic rises1 aft] rema9+ l "o dead = an h\r1 he w answ] any "q t may be put to him4 ,ano!r exp]im5t to cure epilepsy is frequ5tly cit$ by subsequ5t m$ieval m$ical writ]s f ,con/ant9us1 &1 :ile x may n h orig9at$ ) him1 is app>5tly ( ,*ri/ian r ?an ,greek or ,mohamm$an orig94 ,if ! epileptic has p>5ts liv+1 !y are to take him to *ur* on ! day ( ! f\r seasons & h him he> mass on ! six? day & also on ,saturday4 ,:5 he comes aga9 on ,sunday ! prie/ is to write d[n ! passage 9 ! ,gospel :]e x says1 8,?is k9d is n ca/ out save by fa/+ & pray]40 ,presumably ! epileptic is to we> ?is writ+1 9 :i* case a sure cure is promis$1 8be he epileptic or lunatic or demoniac40 ,b x is add$ t ! *>m w n "w 9 ! case ( p]sons born ( ince/u\s m>riages4#cjjc ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/ition comp>atively r>e 9 ,con/ant9us4 ,b z a rule incantations & sup]/iti\s c]emony are comp>atively r>e 9 ! works ( ,con/ant9us1 :i* conta9 little to ju/ify ! *>ge ( magic said to h be5 made aga9/ him 9 ,africa or ! *>ge ( sup]/ition made aga9/ ! ,arabic m$ic9e :i* 8 writ+s s l>gely reflect4 ,also ^! sup]/iti\s passages seem limit$ to ! treatm5t ( c]ta9 ailm5ts ( a my/]i\s "* l epilepsy & insanity1 :i*1 ,con/ant9us says1 ! populace call div9atio & acc\nt = by possession by demons4#cjjd ,x is aga9/ epilepsy & phantasy t x is recomm5d$ to give a *ild to swall[ be=e x has be5 wean$ ! bra9s ( a goat drawn ?r\gh a gold5 r+4 ,& x is = epilepsy t we f9d su* susp5sions z hairs f an entirely :ite dog or ! small r$ /ones 9 swall[s' gizz>ds1 f :i* !y mu/ h be5 remov$ at midday4 ,:5 ,con/ant9us is treat+ ( eye & e> tr\bles1 or ev5 ( p>alysis ( ! tongue & too?a*e1 use ( amulets is infrequ5t & !re is only an occasional sugge/ion ( m>vel\s virtue4 ,g\t is treat$ ) ungu5ts & recipes b )\t ! sup]/iti\s ligatures (t5 f\nd 9 m$ieval works ( m$ic9e4#cjje ,p>ts ( animals are employ$ a good deal3 ?us if y ano9t ! entire body ) lion fat1 y w h no fe> ( s]p5ts1 & b9d+ on ! head ! fre% lung ( an ox is good = fr5zy4#cjjf ,b ,con/ant9us m (t5 expla9s ! action ( ?+s 9 nature f _! f\r qualities ( hot1 cold1 moi/1 & dry1 ?an he does by assum+ ! exi/5ce ( occult virtues4 ,sid5ote3 ,& ( ,greek r ?an ,arabic orig94 ,x is also to be not$ t ^? passages :]e ,con/ant9us' m$ic9e bord]s mo/ closely ^u magic are apt to be borr[$ f1 or at lea/ cr$it$ to1 ,gal5 & ,dioscorides4 ,nei!r ,con/ant9us nor 8 ,arabic au?orities introduc$ mo/ ( ^! sup]/iti\s elem5ts into m$ic9e4 ,9 8 "w on degrees ,con/ant9us repeats ,gal5's /ory ( ! boy :o fell into an epileptic fit :5ev] ! susp5d$ peony 0 remov$ f 8 neck4#cjjg ,9 ! ,viaticum#cjjh he ascribes ! susp5sion ( a :ite dog's hairs & ! use ( v>i\s o!r p>ts ( animals = epileptics to ,dioscorides1 b !y d n seem to be f\nd 9 t au?or's extant works4 ,wat] 9 :i* blacksmi?s h qu5*$ _! irons is ano!r rem$y prescrib$ = v>i\s disord]s ^u ! au?ority ( ,dioscorides & ,gal54#cjji ,!riac & t]ra sigillata are ( c\rse n =gott54 ,t !re is a magnetic m\nta9 on ! %ore ( ! ,indian ,ocean :i* draws all ! iron nails out ( pass+ %ips1 & t ! magnet extracts arr[s f w\nds is /at$ on ! au?ority ( ! ,lapid>y ( ,ari/otle1 a spuri\s "w4 ,con/ant9us adds t ,rufus says t ! magnet com=ts ^? afflict$ ) melan*oly & removes _! fe>s & suspicions4#cjaj ,h[ev]1 x is )\t citation ( o!r au?ors t ,con/ant9us /ates t ! plant agnus ca/us w mortify lu/ if x is m]ely susp5d$ ov] ! sleep]4#cjaa ,sid5ote3 ,"s signs ( a/rology & al*emy4 ,!re is n a great deal ( a/rological m$ic9e 9 ! works ( ,con/ant9us ,africanus4 ,!re are "s allusions to ! moon & dog-days1#cjab ,gal5 be+ twice cit$ to ! effect t epilepsy 9 a wax+ moon is a v moi/ disease1 :ile 9 a wan+ moon x is v cold4 ,9 a *apt] ( ! ,pantegni#cjac ! relation ( critical days to ! c\rse ( ! moon & also to ! nature ( numb] is discuss$4 ,9 ano!r passage ( ! same "w#cjad we read t if o!r rem$ies fail 9 ! case ( a pati5t :o _c hold 8 wat] :ile 9 b$1 he %\ld eat ! bladd] ( a riv] fi% = eight days :ile ! moon is wax+ & wan+ & he w be fre$ f ! compla9t4 ,b ,hippocrates te/ifies t 9 old m5 ! ailm5t is incurable4 ,b ! pr9cipal a/rological passage t ,i h f\nd 9 ! works ( ,con/ant9us is t 9 ,de humana natura#cjae :]e he traces ! =mation ( ! *ild 9 ! womb & ! influ5ce ( ! planets ^u ! successive mon?s ( ! process1 & expla9s :y *ildr5 born 9 ! sev5? or n9? mon? live :ile ^? born 9 ! eigh? mon? die4 ,?is passage 0 cit$ by ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais 9 8 ,speculum naturale4#cjaf ,belief 9 al*emy is sugge/$ :5 ,con/ant9us repeats ! ass]tion ( "s book on /ones t lead w\ld be silv] except = its smell1 its s(tness1 & its inability to endure fire4#cjag ,sid5ote3 ,con/ant9us & ! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no4 ,! relation ( ,con/ant9us ,africanus to ! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no has be5 ! subject ( mu* dispute & ( div]g5t views4 ,"s h held t ,sal]no's m$ical importance practically began ) him2 o!rs h tri$ to ma9ta9 = ,sal]nitan m$ic9e a ,neo-,lat9 "* q di/9ct f ,con/ant9us' introduction ( ,arabic influ5ce4 ,f ! fact t ,con/ant9us pass$ f ,sal]no to ,monte ,cass9o1 :]e mo/1 if n all1 ( 8 writ+ seems to h be5 done1 x has be5 assum$ t !re 0 an intimate connection betwe5 ! monks & ! rise ( a m$ical s*ool at ,sal]no4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,r5zi & ,ra%dall h ridicul$ ! notion1 decl>+ ! di/ance & difficulty ( communication betwe5 ! two places to be an insurm\ntable difficulty4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ,con/ant9us himself bo? att5d$ ! ar*bi%op ( ,sal]no 9 a case ( /oma* tr\ble & s5t a treatise on ! subject to him aft]w>ds4 ,a /rong p]sonal influ5ce by him ^u ! practice & /ill m ^u ! lit]ature ( ,sal]nitan m$ic9e is !re=e n preclud$1 ?\gh 8 /ay at ,sal]no may h be5 brief & 8 lit]>y labor p]=m$ entirely at ! mona/]y4 ,9 any case a ,ma/] ,john ,afflacius1 :o is associat$ ) o!r ,sal]nitan writ]s 9 a compilation f _! works1 0 a disciple ( ,con/ant9us &1 z we are ab\t to see1 p]haps ! au?or ( "s ( ! treatises :i* h be5 publi%$ "u ,con/ant9us' "n4 ,x c]ta9ly w\ld seem t ,con/ant9us & 8 disciple h z good a "r to be call$ ,sal]nitan z mo/ ( ! au?ors includ$ 9 ,r5zi's collection4 ,sid5ote3 ,lib] aureus & ,john ,afflacius4 ,9 a m$ical manuscript :i* ,h5s*el discov]$ at ,breslau 9 #ahcgcjah & :i* he reg>d$ z a composition ( ! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no & dat$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 he f\nd 9 ! case ( two works compil$ f v>i\s au?ors#cjai t ! passages ascrib$ to a ,ma/] ,john ,afflacius1 :o 0 describ$ z 8a disciple ( ,con/ant9us10#cjbj 7 id5tical ) passages 9 ! ,lib] aureus or ,de rem$iorum et aegritud9um cognitione publi%$ z a "w ( ,con/ant9us 9 ! ,basel edition ( #aecf4 ,he also id5tifi$ a ,lib] ur9>um attribut$ to ! same ,john ,afflacius1 disciple ( ,con/ant9us1 9 ! ,breslau manuscript ) ! ,de ur9is :i* foll[s ! ,lib] aureus 9 ! pr9t$ edition ( ,con/ant9us' works4 ,?us ei!r ! pupil appropriat$ or complet$ & publi%$ ! "w ( 8 ma/]1 or ,con/ant9us _h ! same good =tune 9 hav+ 8 own "n atta*$ to ! compositions ( 8 pupil#cjba z 9 ! case ( ! writ+s ( 8 ,arabic pr$ecessors4 ,sid5ote3 ,afflacius m sup]/iti\s ?an 8 ma/]4 ,x may be fur!r not$ t ! disciple seems to h be5 m sup]/iti\s ?an ! ma/]1 = 9 "o ( ! passages ascrib$ to ,afflacius 9 ! a=esaid compilation1 aft] ! correspond5ce ) ! ,lib] aureus has ceas$1 ! text goes on to prescribe ! susp5sion ( goat's horn ov] "o's head z a soporific & gives ! foll[+ 8progno/ic ( life or dea?40 ,sme> ! =ehead ( ! pati5t f e> to e> ) musam eneam4 8,if he sleeps1 he w live2 b if n1 he w die2 & ?is has be5 te/$ 9 acute fev]s40 ,ano!r me?od is to try if ! pati5t's ur9e w mix ) ! milk ( a woman :o is suckl+ a male *ild4 ,if x w1 he w live4 ,ano!r proc$ure to induce sleep is !n giv51 :i* consi/s 9 read+ ! fir/ v]se ( ! ,gospel ( ,john n9e times ov] ! pati5t's head1 plac+ b5ea? 8 head a missal or psalt] & ! names ( ! sev5 sleep]s writt5 on a scroll4 ,?is is n ! fir/ in/ance ( su* ,*ri/ian magic t we h enc\nt]$ 9 connection ) ! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no & we beg9 to suspect t x 0 r *>act]i/ic4 ,at any rate x 0 n uncommon 9 m$ieval m$ic9e 9 g5]al & 0 almo/ c]ta9ly introduc$ be=e ,innoc5t ,,iii :o 9 #abae =bade ordeals & :o fr[n$ on o!r sup]/iti\s practices4 ,probably su* ,*ri/ian magic dates f a p]iod be=e ,arabic influ5ce began to be felt4 ,?us aga9 we h reason to d\bt :e!r e>ly m$ieval m$ic9e or ,sal]nitan m$ic9e 0 less sup]/iti\s ?an ,arabic m$ic9e or ?an m$ieval m$ic9e aft] ! introduction ( ,arabic m$ic9e4 ,at lea/ ,con/ant9us ,africanus :o repres5ts ! introduction ( translations f ! ,arabic is comp>atively free f sup]/ition4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii ,,treatises ,,on ,,! ,,arts ,,be=e ,,! ,,introduction ,,( ,,arabic ,,al*emy ,lat9 treatises on ! arts & colors--,progress ( ! arts ev5 dur+ ! e>ly middle ages--,scant9ess ( ! s\rces--,"* ( ,arabic al*emy--,diff]5t "* ( our ,lat9 treatises--,compositiones ad t+5da--,mappe ,clavicula--,"s ( its recipes--,"q ( symbolic nom5clature--,magical proc$ure ) goats3 9 ,mappe ,clavicula--,simil> passages 9 ,h]aclius--,& ,!ophilus--,a magic figure--,use ( an incantation 9 t5? c5tury al*emy--,exp]im5tal "* ( ! "w ( ,!ophilus--,h[ to make ,spani% gold--,! "q ( symbolic t]m9ology aga9--,al*emy 9 ! elev5? c5tury--,/4 ,dun/an & al*emy & magic--,introduction ( ,arabic al*emy 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 8 444 campum latissimum div]s>um artium p]scrut>i44440 --,!ophilus1 ,s*$ula1 ,i1 ,praefatio4 ,sid5ote3 ,lat9 treatises on ! arts & colors4 ,we come to ! consid]ation ( sev]al treatises deal+ ) colors & ! arts & dat+ f ab\t ! eigh? to ! twelf? c5turies & probably 9 "p ( e>li] orig94 ,^! are ! ,compositiones ad t+5da 9 a manuscript ( ! eigh? or n9? c5tury1 ! ,mappe clavicula f\nd 9 "p 9 a t5? c5tury manuscript & m fully 9 "o ( ! twelf? c5tury1 ! poem ( ,h]aclius on ,! colors & arts ( ! ,romans1 & ! rem>kable treatise ( ,!ophilus ,on div]se arts 9 ?ree books4#cjbb ,! olde/ kn[n manuscripts ( ,!ophilus are ( ! twelf? c5tury & he has be5 dat$ at ! beg9n+ ( t c5tury or end ( ! elev5?1 & ,h]aclius1 f :om he takes a numb] ( 8 *apt]s1 /ill e>li]4 ,b x sc>cely seems t "s ( ,!ophilus' descriptions ( ecclesia/ical art w\ld h be5 writt5 be=e ! twelf? c5tury4 ,mrs4 ,m]rifield reg>d$ only ! fir/ two metrical books ( ,! colors & arts ( ! ,romans z ! "w ( ,h]aclius1 & ! ?ird book 9 prose z a lat] addition ( ! twelf? or ?irte5? c5tury & probably writt5 by a ,fr5*man1 :]eas %e believ$ t ,h]aclius wrote 9 s\!rn ,italy "u ,byzant9e influ5ce4#cjbc ,8 poem s\nds to me l an attempt to imitate ,lucretius1 :ile "o also is incl9$ to associate x ) ! p]haps ne>ly contempor>y poems 9 :i* ! s-call$ ,mac] & ,m>bod rec\nt$ 9 v]se =m "s ( ! prop]ties ( h]bs & /ones :i* !y _h le>n$ f anci5t writ]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,progress ( ! arts ev5 dur+ ! e>ly middle ages4 ,b]!lot reg>d$ ^! treatises on ! arts z pro( t ! k ( indu/rial & al*emical processes cont9u$ unbrok5 ev5 9 we/]n ,europe f ,egypt to ! middle ages1 al?\gh he held t ! !ories ( transmutation & ! l rea*$ ! we/ only 9 ! twelf? c5tury ?r\gh ! ,arabs4#cjbd ,moreov]1 !re is progress 9 ! te*nical processes j z !re 0 progress 9 ,romanesque & ,go?ic art4 ,new items & recipes appe> 9 ! li/s4 ,ev5 9 ! decl9+ ,roman ,empire & e>lie/ middle age we h evid5ce ( new discov]ies4 ,! artificial fabrication ( c9nab> becomes kn[n at "s "t aft] ,dioscorides & ,pl9y & be=e ! eigh? c5tury4#cjbe ,! hydro/atic balance is describ$ n only 9 ! ,mappe clavicula b 9 ! ,c>m5 de pond]ibus ( ,priscian or ( ,q4 ,remnius ,fannius ,palaemo ( ! f\r? or fif? c5tury ,a4 ,d4#cjbf ,h]aclius speaks m ?an once 9 8 poem ) admiration ( ! works ( art ( ! ,roman 8k+s0 & p1 & asks1 8,:o n[ is capable ( inve/igat+ ^! arts1 is able to reveal to u :at ^? pot5t artific]s ( imm5se intellect discov]$ = !mselves80#cjbg ,h[ev]1 8 aim is to resurrect ^! arts2 he assures ! read] t he writes no?+ :i* he has n fir/ prov$ himself2#cjbh & he tells 9 p>ticul> h[ he discov]$ by close scrut9y ( a piece ( ,roman glass t !re 0 gold-leaf plac$ betwe5 two lay]s ( glass1 a "w :i* he successfully imitat$4#cjbi ,on ! o!r h&1 lead glaz+1 accord+ to ,alex&re ,brongni>t1 director ( ! ,svres manufactory1 is n f\nd 9 ,european pott]y be=e ! twelf? c5tury1 :5 x 0 appli$ 9 ,pes>o ab\t #aajj & is f\nd on pott]y 9 a tomb at ,jumiges ( ab\t #aabj4cjcj ,sid5ote3 ,scant9ess ( ! s\rces4 ,dur+ ! e>ly m$ieval c5turies ! ,byzant9e ,empire1 ,syria & ,egypt aft] !y 7 conqu]$ by ! ,arabs1 ! busy /reets ( ,bagdad & ,cordova1 & ,p]sia und\bt$ly produc$ a f> m fl\ri%+ activity 9 ! f9e arts & ! indu/rial arts ?an 0 ! case 9 backw>d we/]n ,*ri/ian ,europe4 ,yet ! surviv+ evid5ce = su* activity is disappo9t+1 & seems limit$ to "s notices & allusions 9 ,arabian & ,jewi% travel]s & hi/orians1 & to ! du/-heaps ( ru9$ cities l ,fo/at1 ,rai1 & ,rakka4 ,z ! f9e/ e>ly specim5s ( ,byzant9e mosaics are pres]v$ 9 ,italy at ,rav5na1 s our ,lat9 treatises conc]n+ ! arts are p]haps ! be/ extant = ! e>ly m$ieval p]iod up to ! twelf? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,"* ( ,arabic al*emy4 ,a numb] ( treatises on al*emy 9 ,arabic h rea*$ u b !y1 l ! ,byzant9e1 *iefly cont9ue ! fanta/ic my/icism & obscurity1 ! a/rology & magic1 ( ! anci5t ,greek al*emi/s4 ,?us 9 ! ,book ( ,crates we h a virg9 prie/ess ( ! temple ( ,s]apis at ,alex&ria1 & ! snake ,ouroburos1 also a vision ( ! sev5 heav5s ( ! planets4 ,! ,book ( ,alhabib invokes ,h]mes ,trismegi/us & says t ! sages h n reveal$ ! secret ( transmutation = fe> ( ! ang] ( ! demons4 ,! ,book ( ,o/anes1 9 :i* ,&alusia is m5tion$1 has eighty-f\r diff]5t names = ! philosoph]'s /one1 & a fanta/ic dream conc]n+ sev5 doors & ?ree inscriptions 9 ,egyptian1 conc]n+ ! ,p]sian ,magi1 & a citation f an ,indian sage conc]n+ ! heal+ virtues ( ! ur9e ( a :ite elephant4 ,! ,book ( ,l ,weights ( ,geb] /ates t ! sage c disc]n ! mixture ( ! f\r elem5ts 9 animals1 plants1 & /ones by a/rology & _m o!r signs involv+ v>i$ sup]/ition4 ,8 ,book ( ,sympa?y aga9 emphasizes ! sev5 planets z ! key to al*emy & has mu* ab\t ! _s 9 matt]4 ,8 ,book on ,quicksilv]1 al?\gh x promises cl>ity1 is ! mo/ my/ic & incompreh5sible ( all4 ,9 x we read ( rais+ ! dead & ( use ( su* liquids z 8a div9e wat]0 & ! milk ( an uncorrupt$ virg94#cjca ,sid5ote3 ,diff]5t "* ( our ,lat9 treatises4 ,our ,lat9 treatises are z free f my/icism & obscurity1 f dreams & visions1 z !y are f !oretical discussion4 ,!y are collections ( recipes & directions :i* are suppos$ at lea/ to be practical & :i* are writt5 9 a simple & /raight=w>d /yle4 ,!y are n1 h[ev]1 tak5 toge!r1 by any means entirely free f a/rological directions or belief 9 occult virtue or yet o!r sup]/ition1 & !y include recipes = mak+ gold4 ,( ?is !re is lea/ 9 ! fir/ treatise we h to consid]4 ,sid5ote3 ,compositiones ad t+5da4 ,! ,compositiones ad t+5da1#cjcb a treatise or collection ( notes & recipes pres]v$ 9 a manuscript dat+ f ! "t ( ,*>lemagne1 ?r[s "s light on ! te*nical processes pres]v$ 9 ! ,lat9 we/ 9 ! e>ly middle ages & on ! am\nt ( k ( natural ph5om5a pres]v$ 9 connection ) ! arts1--appli$ sci5ce 9 o!r words4 ,x tells h[ to color glass & make mosaics1 & describes a glass furnace2 h[ to dye sk9s & make p>*m5t2 h[ to make gold-leaf1 gold-?read1 silv]-leaf & t9-leaf2 h[ to give copp] ! color ( gold2 x gives v>i\s directions & prep>ations = pa9t+ & gild+2 & a description ( v>i\s m9]als & h]bs employ$ 9 ! above processes4 ,mu* is repeat$ t is f\nd already 9 ,pl9y & ,dioscorides1 or 9 ,ari/otle & ! ,greek al*emi/s4 ,b sev]al ?+s are m5tion$1 at lea/ s f> z we "k1 = ! fir/ "t1 al?\gh ,b]!lot believ$ t ! compil] ( ! ,compositiones ad t+5da _h copi$ !m f e>li] works1 v probably ,byzant9e or late ,roman1 & n inv5t$ !m himself4 ,we f9d "h ! fir/ m5tion ( vitriol & ( 8bronze10--a ^w app>5tly d]iv$ f ,brundisium4 ,amor aquae is us$ = ! fir/ "t = ! scum =m$ on wat]s conta9+ iron salts & o!r metals1 & we also meet ! fir/ in/ance ( ! prep>ation ( c9nab> by means ( sulphur & m]cury4 ,! "w conta9s v little sup]/ition ) ! exception ( "o passage :i* ,b]!lot has already not$4#cjcc ,once a /one is spok5 ( z hav+ sol> virtue2 lead is di/+ui%$ z mascul9e & fem99e2 ! gall ( a tortoise is us$ 9 a composition = writ+ gold5 lett]s1 & pig's blood is employ$ 9 ano!r connection4 ,b ^! are trifl+ signs ( occult sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,mappe ,clavicula4 ,m al*emi/ic 9 "* is ! ,mappe ,clavicula1#cjcd :i*1 9 its full] twelf? c5tury =m1 embodies ! ,compositiones ad t+5da 9 a diff]5t ord]1#cjce & adds ab\t twice z _m m recipes = mak+ gold1 mak+ colors1 writ+ ) gold1 glues & v>i\s o!r matt]s1 includ+ build+ directions4 ,b]!lot reg>d$ two items in/ruct+ h[ to make images ( ! gods z signs ( an anci5t pagan orig9 = ! "w4#cjcf ,"o ( ^! items occurs 9 ! twelf? c5tury text1 ! o!r 9 ! t5? c5tury table ( cont5ts4 ,on ! o!r h& ,b]!lot believ$ t ! twelf? c5tury v]sion conta9$ ! olde/ directions = ! di/illation ( alcohol4#cjcg ,! ,mappe ,clavicula adds a good deal t is ( a sup]/iti\s "* to ! ,compositiones ad t+5da :i* x includes1 & at ! same "t lays consid]able /ress ^u exp]im5tal me?od4 ,sid5ote3 ,"s ( its recipes4 ,x op5s ) a recipe 8= mak+ ! be/ gold10 ! fir/ ( a long s]ies4 ,"o ( ! +r$i5ts 9 ?is case is 8a bit ( moon-e>?1 :i* ! ,greeks call ,affrosel9um40 ,! ?ird recipe advises "o to exp]im5t at fir/ ) only a little ( ! comp\nd 9 "q1 until "o le>ns ! process m ?or\ghly4#cjch ,! +r$i5ts = gold-mak+ 9 ! six? recipe include ! gall ( a goat & ( a bull1 & saffron f ,lycia or ,arabia1 :i* is to be p\nd$ 9 a ,!ban mort> 9 ! sun 9 dog-days4 ,at ! close ( ! f\rte5? recipe1 into :i* ! gall ( a bull aga9 ent]s we h "o ( ! injunctions to secrecy s de> to ! al*emi/3 8,hide ! sacr$ secret :i* %\ld be transmitt$ to no "o1 nor give to anyone ! prophetic40#cjci ,x is also impli$ t al*emy is a religi\s or div9e art 9 ! tw5tie? recipe :]e x is said t op]ators %\ld conc$e all ?+s to div9e works4 ,b su* my/ic allusions are infrequ5t z well z brief4 ,9 ! same tw5tie? item gold is suppos$ to be made f a mixture ( iron ru/1 magnet1 =eign alum1 myrrh1 gold1 & w9e4 ,x is also /at$ t ^? :o w n cr$it ! great utility t !re is 9 humors are ^? :o d n make demon/ration = !mselves1 ano!r in/ance ( ! exp]im5tal "* ( ! "w4 ,! =ty-fir/ recipe /ates t gold may be dissolv$ 9 ord] to write ) x by dipp+ x 9 ! blood ( an ,indian dragon1 plac+ x 9 a glass vessel1 & surr\nd+ x ) coals4 ,9 ! sixty-n9? item ! blood ( a dragon or ( a cock is mix$ ) ur9e & ! /one celidonius4 ,! gall ( a bull & ! blood ( a pig are us$ aga9 9 recipes sixty-eight & "o hundr$ & tw5ty-eight4 ,sid5ote3 ,"q ( symbolic nom5clature4 ,x has sometimes be5 cont5d$1 *iefly by p]sons :o did n realize h[ univ]sal 0 ! ascription ( great virtue to ! p>ts ( animals 9 anci5t & m$ieval sci5ce & _! use z rem$ies 9 ! m$ic9e ( ! same p]iods1 t !y are n to be tak5 lit]ally 9 al*emical recipes b are to be und]/ood symbolically & are cryptic designations = common m9]al sub/ances4 ,?us ,b]!lot cites a passage f ! ,lat9 ,de anima1 ascrib$ to ,avic5na1 :i* says1 8,i am go+ to tell y a secret3 ! eye ( a man or bull or c[ or de] signifies m]cury10 & s on4#cjdj ,b despite :at ,b]!lot goes on to say ab\t ! 8old prophetic nom5clature0 ( ! ,egyptians1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t su* symbolism is ma9ly a ref9em5t ( lat] al*emi/s1 & t orig9ally mo/ su* expressions 7 int5d$ lit]ally4 ,c]ta9ly x w\ld be impossible to expla9 all ! m$ic9al use ( p>ts ( animals 9 ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory z ei!r symbolic or d]iv$ f ! ,egyptian prie/s4 ,l ! sugge/ion t ,rog] ,bacon wrote 9 ciph]1 ! symbolic nom5clature !ory is bas$ on ! assumption t ! m5 ( old conceal$ great secrets "u an appe>ance ( error4 ,& :]e su* cryptograms & symbols 7 employ$1 x 0 almo/ inv>iably done1 we may be sure1 ) ! object ( impress+ ! read] ) an exagg]at$ notion ( ! importance ( :at 0 writt5 r ?an because ! writ] really _h any great discov]y t he wi%$ to conceal4 ,t symbolic language 0 employ$ by al*emi/s1 especially 9 ! late/ middle age & e>ly mod]n c5turies1 is n to be que/ion$4 ,! use ( ! names ( ! planets = ! correspond+ metals is a famili> example4 ,b mo/ su* symbolic nom5clature is equally obvi\s1 :ile !re is no reason = n tak+ ! use ( p>ts ( animals lit]ally4 ,inde$1 9 _m passages x mu/ be s tak51 z 9 a lat] item ( ! ,mappe ,clavicula#cjda :i* has no conc]n ) al*emy & :]e 9 ord] to poison an arr[ = use 9 battle1 we are in/ruct$ to dip x 9 ! sweat f ! "r side ( a horse betwe5 ! hip-bones4 ,! foll[+ exp]im5ts ) goats also illu/rate ! great value set ^u animal fluids & sub/ances4 ,sid5ote3 ,magical proc$ure ) goats 9 ! ,mappe ,clavicula4 ,we are rem9d$ ( ! directions giv5 by ,m>cellus ,empiricus = ! prep>ation ( goat's blood by a recipe = mak+ figures ( cry/al :i* occurs ne> ! close ( ! ,mappe ,clavicida4#cjdb ,a he-goat :i* has nev] indulg$ 9 sexual int]c\rse is to be %ut up 9 a cask = ?ree days until he has completely dige/$ ev]y?+ t he _h 9 8 belly4 ,he is !n to be f$ on ivy = f\r days1 at ! end ( :i* "t he is to be sla9 & 8 blood mix$ ) 8 ur9e :i* is n[ collect$ f ! cask4 ,by soak+ ! cry/al ov]night 9 ?is mixture x c be m\ld$ or c>v$ at w4 ,?is exp]im5t is imm$iately prec$$ by a some:at simil> proc$ure = cutt+ glass ) /eel4#cjdc ,! glass is to be s(t5$ & ! /eel is to be temp]$ by plac+ !m ei!r 9 ! milk ( a ,s>ac5 %e-goat1 :o has be5 f$ ^u ivy & milk$ by scrat*+ h] udd]s ) nettles1 or 9 ! lotion ( a small girl ( ruddy complexion1 :i* mu/ be tak5 be=e sunrise4 ,sid5ote3 ,simil> passages 9 ,h]aclius4 ,v simil> passages are f\nd 9 ! works ( ,h]aclius & ,!ophilus1 ! =m] ( :om gives ! foll[+ directions = glass engrav+3 8,oh6 all y arti/s :o wi% to engrave glass correctly1 n[ ,i w %[ y j z ,i myself h prov54 ,i s\ght ! fat worms :i* ! pl[ turns up f ! e>?1 & ! useful art 9 su* matt]s bade me at ! same "t seek v9eg> & ! hot blood ( a huge he-goat1 :i* ,i _h tak5 pa9s to tie up "u cov] & to fe$ on /rong ivy = a :ile4 ,next ,i mix$ ! worms & v9eg> ) ! w>m blood & ano9t$ all ! bright %9+ phial4 ,?is done1 ,i tri$ to engrave ! glass ) ! h>d /one call$ pyrites40#cjdd ,9 ano!r passage ,h]aclius recomm5ds ! use ( ! ur9e & blood ( a goat 9 engrav+ gems1#cjde & he also /ates t ! blood ( a goat makes cry/al easi] to c>ve4#cjdf ,sid5ote3 ,& ,!ophilus4 ,!ophilus /ates t poets & artific]s h greatly *]i%$ ! ivy1 8because !y recogniz$ ! occult p[]s :i* x conta9s )9 itself40#cjdg ,he also affirms t ! blood ( a goat makes cry/al easi] to c>ve1 b he recomm5ds ! blood ( a liv+ goat two or ?ree ye>s old & repeat$ ins]tion ( ! cry/al 9 an incision betwe5 ! animal's brea/ & abdom54#cjdh ,he also recomm5ds a some:at simil> proc$ure to t ( ! ,mappe ,clavicula ) a goat & a cask4#cjdi ,9 ?is case ! goat %\ld be ?ree ye>s old1 & aft] be+ b\nd = ?ree days )\t food %\ld be f$ = two days on no?+ b f]n4 ,! foll[+ night he %\ld be %ut up 9 a cask ) holes 9 ! bottom ?r\gh :i* 8 ur9e c be collect$ 9 ano!r vessel = two or ?ree nights1 :5 ! goat may be releas$ & ! ur9e employ$ to temp] iron tools4 ,or ! ur9e ( a small r$-head$ boy may be employ$1 z x is bett] = temp]+ ?an pla9 wat]4 ,inde$1 bo? ,!ophilus & ,h]aclius make mu* use ( p>ts ( animals 9 ! arts3 v>i\s animals' tee? to %9e & poli% ?+s )1 horse dung mix$ ) clay1 sk9s & bladd]s1 saliva & e>-wax to poli% niello1 & s =?4 ,sid5ote3 ,a magic figure4 ,return+ to ! ,mappe ,clavicula we note ! employm5t ( a magic figure call$ arragab1 :i* ,b]!lot ?9ks is a small lead image4#cjej ,by means ( x ! fl[ ( a spr+ may be /opp$2 a cup may be made ei!r to reta9 or to empty its cont5ts2 if ! c[s dr9k fir/ f ! tr\gh1 !re w be en\gh wat] = bo? ! c[s & ! horses1 b if ! horses dr9k fir/1 !re w n be en\gh = ei!r4 ,! same figure enables "o to fill a pit*] f a cask )\t dim9i%+ ! am\nt ( liquid 9 ! cask1 or to con/ruct a lamp :i* w produce phantoms4 ,x also makes soldi]s leave _! camp )\t _! spe>s & yet return ) !m4 ,aft] ?is flight into ! realm ( magic we come back to a m plausibly physical basis = m>vels 9 a description ( f\r revolv+ hoops or circles )9 :i* a vessel may be revolv$ 9 any direction )\t spill+ its cont5ts4#cjea ,sid5ote3 ,use ( an incantation 9 t5? c5tury al*emy4 ,! passages :i* we h j not$ 9 ! ,mappe ,clavicula _c be surely trac$ back e>li] ?an ! twelf? c5tury v]sion ( x & d n appe> 9 ! table ( cont5ts :i* is pres]v$ 9 ! t5? c5tury ,s*le/adt manuscript & :i* cov]s only a portion ( ! *apt]s ( ! twelf? c5tury manuscript1 b also "s o!r *apt]s :i* are n extant4 ,b t magic 0 n entirely abs5t f ! e>li] v]sion to :i* ?is table ( cont5ts seems to apply is evid5c$ by ! fact t "o ( ! *apt] head+s deal+ ) ! fabrication ( gold m5tions a pray] or incantation to be recit$ dur+ ! process4#cjeb ,sid5ote3 ,exp]im5tal "* ( ! "w ( ,!ophilus4 ,! great importance ( ! "w ( ,!ophilus 9 ! hi/ory ( art is too g5]ally recogniz$ to ne$ elaboration "h4 ,our purpose is r to po9t out t 9 x in=mation ( great value is f\nd side by side ) a consid]able am\nt ( misguid$ natural !ory & magical c]emony4 ,! /ress laid by ,!ophilus ^u p]sonal obs]vation1 exp]i5ce1 & exp]im5tal me?od %\ld n1 h[ev]1 pass unnotic$4 ,he has scrut9iz$ ! works ( art 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,sophia "o by "o 8) dilig5t exp]i5ce10 has te/$ ev]y?+ by eye & h&1 has z a 8curi\s explor]0 made all sorts ( exp]im5ts1 & appe>s to repres5t transp>5t /a9$ glass z 8 own discov]y or idea4#cjec ,nor is he ! only exp]im5t]2 he also speaks ( 8mod]n workm50 :o deceive _m incauti\s p]sons by _! imitation ( ! appe>ance ( mo/ preci\s ,arabian gold :i* 8is frequ5tly f\nd employ$ 9 ! mo/ anci5t vases40#cjed ,sid5ote3 ,h[ to make ,spani% gold4 ,!ophilus1 h[ev]1 believes t o!r metals c really be transmut$ into gold1 & we may repeat 8 amus+ acc\nt ( h[ ,spani% gold 8is made f r$ copp] & p[d]$ basilisk & human blood & v9eg>40 8,= ! ,g5tiles1 ^: skill 9 ?is art is well kn[n1 create basilisks 9 ?is wise4 ,!y h an und]gr\nd *amb] completely wall$ 9 on all sides ) /one1 & ) two w9d[s s small z sc>cely to admit any light4 ,9 ?is !y put two cocks ( twelve or fifte5 ye>s & give !m pl5ty ( food4 ,^!1 :5 !y h gr[n fat1 f ! heat ( _! fat h comm]ce toge!r & lay eggs4 ,z soon z ! eggs are laid ! cocks are eject$ & toads are put 9 to sit on ! eggs & are f$ ^u bread4 ,:5 ! eggs are hat*$ *icks come =? :o look l "y roo/]s1 b aft] sev5 days !y gr[ s]p5ts' tails & w\ld /raightway burr[ into ! gr\nd1 7 ! *amb] n pav$ ) /one4 ,gu>d+ aga9/ ?is1 _! ma/]s h r\nd braz5 vessels ( great amplitude1 p]=at$ on all sides1 ) n>r[ m\?s1 9 :i* !y put ! *icks & close ! m\?s ) copp] cov]s & bury !m und]gr\nd1 & ! *icks are n\ri%$ = six mon?s by ! subtle e>? :i* ent]s ?r\gh ! p]=ations4 ,aft] ?is !y uncov] !m & apply a /rong fire until ! bea/s )9 are totally consum$4 ,:5 ?is is ov] & x has cool$ (f1 !y remove & c>efully pulv]ize !m1 add+ a ?ird "p ( ! blood ( a ruddy man1 :i* blood is dri$ & p[d]$4 ,hav+ comp\nd$ ^! two !y temp] !m ) /rong v9eg> 9 a clean vessel2 !n !y take v ?9 plates ( ! pure/ r$ copp] & spread ?is mixture ov] !m on bo? sides & place !m 9 ! fire4 ,& :5 !y gr[ :ite hot1 !y take !m out & qu5* & wa% !m 9 ! same mixture1 & ?is process !y repeat until ! mixture has eat5 ?r\gh ! copp]1 & s obta9 ! weight & color ( gold4 ,?is gold is suit$ = all op]ations40#cjee ,sid5ote3 ,! "q ( symbolic t]m9ology aga94 ,mr4 ,h5drie held t ,!ophilus 0 "h describ+ 9 symbolic language a process 8= procur+ pure gold by ! means ( ! m9]al acids20 & t 8! toads ( ,!ophilus :i* hat* ! eggs are probably fragm5ts ( ! m9]al salt1 nitrate ( pota%2 444 ! blood ( a r$ man 444 probably a nitrate ( ammonia2 f9e e>?1 a muriate ( soda 7common salt72 ! cocks1 ! sulphates ( copp] & iron2 ! eggs1 gold ore2 ! hat*$ *ick5s1 :i* require a /one pavem5t1 sulphuric acid produc$ by burn+ ^! 9 a /one vessel1 collect+ ! fumes4444 ,! elem5ts ( nitro-muriatic acid are all "h1 ! solv5t = gold40#cjef ,mr4 ,h5drie leaves1 h[ev]1 a numb] ( details unexpla9$ & he admits t 8,un=tunately ea* *emi/ appe>s to h v>i$ ! symbols 9 use40 ,c]ta9ly "o w\ld h to v>y !m 9 almo/ e case to make any s5se out ( su* proc$ures z ?is ( ,!ophilus4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is no?+ v surpris+ 9 8 proc$ure tak5 lit]ally to "o :o is acqua9t$ ) ! beliefs ( anci5t & m$ieval sci5ce & magic4 ,& c]ta9ly ,%akespe>e's l9e conc]n+ ! preci\s jewel 9 ! toad's head1 :i* ,h5drie quotes 9 ?is connection1 is mu* m likely to be meant lit]ally ?an to be ! symbolic 8j>gon ( ! al*emi/40 ,lat] we %all he> aga9 f ,alex&] ,neckam1 9 a passage :i* has no connection ) al*emy1 ( ! basilisk hat*$ by a toad f an egg laid by a cock1 & we %all he> f ,alb]tus ,magnus ( an exp]im5t 9 :i* a toad's eye 0 prov$ sup]ior 9 virtue to an em]ald4 ,sid5ote3 ,al*emy 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,! treatises :i* we h be5 consid]+ appe>1 at lea/ = ! mo/ "p1 to ant$ate ! ,lat9 translations ( works ( al*emy f ! ,arabic1 al?\gh x is possible t1 j z ! fir/ translations ( ma!matical & a/ronomical works f ! ,arabic g back to ! t5? c5tury at lea/1 s ! reception ( ,arabic al*emy may h begun 9 a small way be=e ! twelf? c5tury4 ,at any rate we f9d t 9 ! elev5? c5tury n only 7 ,mi*ael ,psellus & o!r ,byzant9e s*ol>s spread+ ! doctr9es ( al*emy1#cjeg b a s*olium to ,adam ( ,brem5 records ! pres5ce at ! c\rt ( ,bi%op ,adalb]t ( ,brem5 ( an al*emi/ 9 ! p]son ( a baptiz$ ,jew4#cjeh ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,dun/an & al*emy & magic4 ,to ,/4 ,dun/an1 ! fam\s abbot ( ,gla/onbury1 ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 & /atesman ( ! t5? c5tury 7#ibd or #ibe to #ihh71 is attribut$ a treatise on ! philosoph]'s /one conta9$ 9 a ,corpus ,*ri/i manuscript ( ! fifte5? c5tury at ,ox=d & pr9t$ at ,cassel 9 #afdi4 ,no g5u9e works by him seem to be extant1 h[ev]1 b x is int]e/+ to note t along ) 8 reputation = le>n+ & me*anical skill w5t ! association ( 8 "n ) magic4 ,9 8 /udi\s y\? he 0 accus$ ( magic1 driv5 f c\rt1 & ?r[n into a muddy pond4 ,8 contempor>y biograph] also n>rates h[ ! devil appe>$ to him 9 v>i\s animal & o!r t]rify+ =ms4 ,8 favorite /udies 7 ma!matics & music1 & he 0 said to own a magic h>p :i* play$ :ile hang+ by itself on ! wall4#cjei ,sid5ote3 ,introduction ( ,arabic al*emy 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,b]!lot has associat$ ! introduction ( ,arabic al*emy into ,*ri/ian we/]n ,europe ) ! ,lat9 translation by ,rob]t ( ,*e/] ( ,! ,book ( ,mori5us1 b incorrectly dat$ x 9 #aahb ,a4 ,d41#cjfj :]eas ! m5tion ( t date 9 ! manuscripts has ref]5ce to ! ,spani% era & d5otes ! ye> #aadd ,a4 ,d4#cjfa ,! ma9 reason = reg>d+ ,rob]t's translation z "o ( ! e>lie/ is t he rem>ks 9 8 preface1 8,:at al*emy is & :at is its composition1 y\r ,lat9 _w does n yet "k truly40 ,( ! "w translat$ by ,rob]t we %all treat m fully 9 a lat] *apt] on ,h]metic ,books 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,"h we may fur!r note ! exi/5ce ( a "w ( al*emy 9 ano!r twelf? c5tury manuscript4#cjfb ,x is a brief "w 9 f\r *apt]s & its sup]/iti\s "* may be inf]r$ f its op5+ in/ruction to 8take f\r hundr$ h5's eggs laid 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*10 & its citation ( ,artesius conc]n+ div9ation by ! reflection or refraction ( ! sun's rays or moon-beams 9 liquids or a mirror4 ,s9ce ! treatise be>s ! title ,al*amia1 x is probably safe to assume t x repres5ts ,arabic influ5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv ,,m>bod1 ,,bi%op ,,( ,,r5nes1 #ajce--aabc ,c>e] ( ,m>bod--,relation ( 8 ,lib] lapidum to ! prose ,evax--,problem ( ,m>bod's s\rces--,influ5ce ( ! ,lib] lapidum--,occult virtue ( gems--,lib] lapidum meant s]i\sly--,de fato et g5esi4 8,nec dubium cuiquam debet falsumque vid]i ,qu9 sua sit gemmis div9itus insita virtus2 ,+5s e/ h]bis virtus data1 maxima gemmis40 --,m>bod1 ,lib] lapidum4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>e] ( ,m>bod4 ,( m$ieval ,lat9 ,lapid>ies ! e>lie/ & :at also seems to h be5 ! classic on ! subject ( ! m>vel\s prop]ties ( /ones is ! ,lib] lapidum seu de gemmis by ,m>bod1 bi%op ( ,r5nes1#cjfc :o liv$ f #ajce to #aabc & s _h v likely complet$ ?is "w be=e ! close ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,inde$ "o manuscript ( x seems to date f t c5tury#cjfd & !re are num]\s twelf? c5tury manuscripts4 ,^! e>ly manuscripts be> 8 "n & ! /yle is ! same z 9 8 o!r writ+s4 ,born 9 ! c\nty ( ,anj\1 ,m>bod att5d$ ! *ur* s*ool !re1 became ! s*oolma/] himself f #ajfg to #ajha1 dur+ :i* "t he probably compos$ ! ,lib] lapidum1 !n s]v$ z ar*deacon "u ?ree successive bi%ops1 & f9ally himself became a bi%op 9 #ajif4 ,he att5d$ *ur* c\ncils 9 #aajc & #aajd & di$ 9 ,septemb]1 #aabc1 9 an ,angev9 mona/]y1 ^: monks issu$ a eulogi/ic encyclical lett] on t occasion1 :ile two ar*deacons celebrat$ 8 integrity1 le>n+1 & eloqu5ce 9 admir+ v]se4 ,m>bod's own productions are also 9 poetical =m4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t despite 8 e>ly date he 0 eulogiz$ n z a lone man ( lett]s 9 an uncultur$ age b z 8! k+ ( orators1 al?\gh at t "t all ,gaul res\nd$ ) v>i$ /udies40 ,sid5ote3 ,relation ( ! ,lib] lapidum to ! prose ,evax4 ,! ,lib] lapidum is a ,lat9 poem ( #gcd hexamet]s describ+ sixty /ones4 ,9 ! op5+ l9es ,m>bod writes3 8,evax1 k+ ( ! ,arabs1 is said to h writt5 to ,n]o1 ,:o aft] ,augu/us rul$ next 9 ! city4#cjfe ,h[ _m ! species ( /ones1 :at names1 & :at colors1 ,f :at regions !y came1 & h[ great ! p[] ( ea* "o40 ,mak+ use ( ?is wor?y book1 ,m>bod has decid$ to compose a brief] acc\nt = himself & a few fri5ds only1 believ+ t he :o popul>izes my/]ies less5s _! maje/y4 ,z a result ( ?is op5+ l9e & ! fact t 9 "s manuscripts ,m>bod's own "n is n giv51 8 poem is sometimes li/$ 9 ! catalogues z ! "w ( ,evax4#cjff ,!re is also1 h[ev]1 extant a "w 9 ,lat9 prose :i* op5s1 8,evax1 k+ ( ,arabia1 to ! emp]or ,tib]ius greet+40#cjfg ,b z ?is prose "w is n mu* long] ?an ,m>bod's poem1 & seems to be kn[n only f a s+le manuscript ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 x is d\btful if x is ! "w :i* he pr(ess$ to abbreviate4 ,?is prose "w is also ascrib$ to ,amig]on or ,damig]on1#cjfh to :om we h already se5 t ! au?or ( ,li?ica 0 suppos$ to be indebt$ & ^: "n 0 reg>d$ z t ( a fam\s magician4 ,aft] allud+ to ! magnific5t gifts :i* ! emp]or _h s5t to ,evax by ! c5turion ,luc9ius ,fronto & (f]+ ?is book 9 return1 ! au?or ( ! prose v]sion li/s sev5 /ones appropriate1 n1 /rangely en\gh1 to ! sev5 planets1 b to sev5 ( ! signs ( ! zodiac4#cjfi ,fifty *apt]s are !n devot$ to z _m /ones1 beg9n+ ) ,aetites1 :i* is tw5ty-fif? 9 ,m>bod's li/1 & end+ ) ,s>do1 :ile ,s>dius comes t5? 9 ,m>bod's poem4 ,m>bod's own ord]1 h[ev]1 sometimes v>ies 9 ! manuscripts4#cjgj ,sid5ote3 ,problem ( ,m>bod's s\rces4 ,k+1 & ,rose aft] him1 ass]t$#cjga t despite ,m>bod's pr(ess$ abridgem5t ( a "w :i* ,evax 0 suppos$ to h pres5t$ to ,tib]ius1 he drew l>gely f ,isidore ( ,seville's ,etymologies4 ,rose ?\ght t "s ( ! descriptions ( /ones 7 f ,sol9us1 ! re/ f ,isidore1 b t ! acc\nt ( _! virtues 0 f ,evax4 ,k+ also not$ occasional extracts f ! ,orphic "w1 ,li?ica1 :i* is n surpris+ 9 view ( ! fact t bo? ,evax & ! ,li?ica seem bas$ on ,damig]on4 ,?is "q ( s\rces & ultimate orig9s is1 h[ev]1 z usual ( relatively little mom5t to our inve/igation4 ,my own impression w\ld be t 9 antiquity & ! middle age !re exi/s a sort ( common fund ( in=mation & /ock ( beliefs conc]n+ gems :i* naturally is drawn ^u & appe>s 9 e individual treatise ^u !m4 ,b ! numb] ( gems discuss$ & ! ord] 9 :i* !y are consid]$ or classifi$ v>ies ) ea* new au?or1 & !re is apt to be a simil> v>iation 9 ! numb] ( /atem5ts made conc]n+ any p>ticul> /one & ! way 9 :i* ^! are arrang$4 ,9 f9e1 all anci5t & m$ieval acc\nts ( ! natures & virtues ( /ones be> a g5]al resemblance to "o ano!r :i* is m impressive ?an is ! simil>ity betwe5 any two giv5 acc\nts1 & te/ify to a cons5sus ( op9ion & to a common le>n$ tradition conc]n+ gems :i* is m significant ?an ! possible borr[+s ( individual au?ors f "o ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,influ5ce ( ! ,lib] lapidum4 ,h[ev]1 !re seems to be little d\bt t ! poem ( ,m>bod is itself an out/&+ "w among m$ieval acc\nts ( preci\s /ones1 fir/ because ( ! e>ly date ( its au?or%ip1 & second because ( its late p]si/5ce & popul>ity1 :i* is indicat$ by ! f\rte5 editions t appe>$ aft] ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4#cjgb ,its conv5i5t =m p]haps acc\nts to a consid]able ext5t = its popul>ity4 ,at any rate ! manuscripts ( x are num]\s1 & x 0 mu* us$ by subsequ5t writ]s ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 al?\gh citations ( ,lapid>ius _c always be assum$ to ref] to ,m>bod4 ,b at lea/ ! notions conc]n+ gems :i* we f9d 9 8 poem are a fair sample ( :at we %\ld f9d 9 any ,lat9 treatm5t ( ! same subject = sev]al c5turies to come4 ,x is f\nd also 9 a m$ieval ,fr5* v]sion4 ,sid5ote3 ,occult virtue ( gems4 ,x does n make mu* diff]5ce :]e we beg9 or :at /ones we select f ,m>bod's li/ z examples1 s9ce ! same sort ( m>vel\s p[]s are ascrib$ to all ( !m4 ,9 8 prologue ,m>bod describes ! occult virtues ( gems z ^? 8^: hidd5 cause gives manife/ effects40 ,no "o %\ld d\bt !m or ?9k !m false1 8s9ce ! virtue 9 gems is div9ely implant$4 ,enorm\s virtue is giv5 to h]bs1 b ! greate/ to gems40 ,adamant1 h>d z x is1 cracks :5 heat$ ) goat's blood4 ,x c\nt]acts ! action ( ! magnet4 ,x is us$ 9 ! magic arts & makes its be>] indomitable4 ,x drives (f nocturnal spect]s & idle dreams4 ,x r\ts black v5om1 heals qu>rels & cont5tions1 cures ! insane1 & repels fi]ce foes4 ,allectory1 f\nd inside cocks1 slakes ?ir/4 ,milo ov]came o!r a?letes1 & k+s h won battles by its aid4 ,x re/ores promptly ^? :o h be5 bani%$1 enables orators to speak ) a fl[ ( language1 makes "o welcome on e occasion1 & ende>s a wife to h] husb&4 ,x is advis$ to c>ry x conceal$ 9 ! m\?4 ,! sapphire n\ri%es ! body & pres]ves ! limbs :ole4 ,its be>]1 :o %\ld be mo/ *a/e1 _c be h>m$ by fraud or envy & is unmov$ by any t]ror4 ,x leads ^? 9 bonds f prison4 ,x placates ,god & makes ,him favorable to pray]s4 ,x is good = peace-mak+ & reconciliation4 ,x is pref]r$ to o!r gems 9 hydromancy1 s9ce prophetic responses c be obta9$ by x4 ,z = m$ic9al qualities1 x cools int]nal heat1 *ecks p]spiration1 p[d]$ & appli$ ) milk x heals ulc]s1 cleanses ! eyes1 /ops heada*e1 & cures diseases ( ! tongue4 ,gagates1 worn z an amulet1 b5efits dropsy2 dilut$ ) wat]1 x prev5ts loose tee? f fall+ out2 fumigation ) x is good = epileptics & x is ?\ght to be ho/ile to demons2 x rem$ies indige/ion & con/ipation & ov]comes magical illusions 7prae/igia7 & evil incantations4 ,also ,p] suffumigium muli]i m5/rua r$dit 99 99 99 99 99 ,et solet1 ut p]hib5t1 depreh5d]e virg9itatem4 ,praegnans pote/ aquam triduo qua m]sus habetur ,quo vexabatur p>tum cito lib]a fundit4 ,gagates burns :5 wa%$ ) wat]2 is ext+ui%$ by ano9t+ x ) olive oil4 ,! magnet is especially us$ 9 ! illusions ( magic4 ,! great ,de5dor is said to h fir/ us$ x1 realiz+ t !re 0 no m pot5t =ce 9 magic1 & aft] him ! fam\s wit* ,circe employ$ x4 ,among ! ,m$es exp]i5ce reveal$ /ill fur!r virtues ( ! /one4 ,x is us$ to te/ a wife's *a/ity :ile %e is sleep+2 if %e is un*a/e1 %e w fall out ( b$ :5 ! gem is appli$ to h] head4 ,a burgl> c commit !ft unmole/$ by spr9kl+ x ov] hot coals & s driv+ away all ! occupants ( ! h\se4 ,9 ! case ( ,*elonitis ,m>bod's acc\nt is v simil> to t 9 ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory1#cjgc cit+ ! ,magi = ! p[] ( div9ation x be/[s :5 c>ri$ "u ! tongue at c]ta9 times ( ! moon1 accord+ to ^: phases its p[] v>ies4 ,( ! gems hi!rto describ$ only 9 ! case ( adamant & gagates 0 !re any resemblance betwe5 ,m>bod & ,pl9y & !re only p>tial4 ,pl9y also briefly /ates t ! /one diado*os resembles b]yl1 b does n h ,m>bod's /atem5ts t x is employ$ 9 wat] div9ation to %[ v>i$ images ( demons1 8nor is !re o!r /one /rong] to evoke %ades40 ,b if by *ance x comes 9 contact ) a corpse1 x loses its wont$ =ce1 s9ce ! /one is sacr$ & abhors dead bodies4#cjgd ,sid5ote3 ,lib] lapidum 0 meant to be tak5 s]i\sly4 ,! va/ p[]s1 n only m$ic9al & physical1 b ( div9ation & magic1 ov] ! m9d & affections1 miracul\s & sup]natural1 ev5 ov] ,god1 z 9 ! /atem5t t ! sapphire c be employ$ to secure a m favorable answ] to pray]1 :i* ,m>bod assigns to gems )\t a sign ( scruple or scepticism or disapproval on 8 "p1 h s %ock$ "s mod]ns t sugge/ions h be5 made1 9 ord] to expla9 away ! acceptance ( talismanic p[]s ( gems to su* a degree by a ,*ri/ian cl]gyman :o became a bi%op1 t ,m>bod mu/ h compos$ 8 poem :5 q "y & liv$ to rep5t x1 or t he reg>d$ x m]ely z a poetical flight & ex]cise1 n z an exposition ( sci5tific fact4 ,b :]e=e !n 0 x n only widely read 9 ! lit]>y twelf? c5tury b also widely cit$ z an au?ority 9 ! sci5tific & equally ,*ri/ian ?irte5? c5tury8 ,no2 ev]yone else took x precisely z ,m>bod meant x1 z a s]i\s /atem5t ( ! m>vel\s p[]s :i* _h be5 div9ely implant$ 9 gems4 ,& :y %\ld n ,god be m easily rea*$ ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( gems1 s9ce ,he _h end[$ !m ) _! m>vel\s virtues8 ,m>bod affirms 8 own fai? 9 ! great virtues ( gems n only at ! beg9n+ b ! close ( 8 poem1 /at+ t :ile "s h d\bt$ ! m>vel\s prop]ties attribut$ to !m1 ?is has be5 due to ! fact t s _m imitation gems are made ( glass1 :i* deceive ! unw>y b ( c\rse lack ! occult virtues ( ! g5u9e /ones4 ,if ! /ones are g5u9e & duly consecrat$1 ! m>vel\s effects w )\t a d\bt foll[4 ,sid5ote3 ,de fato et g5esi4 ,m>bod's belief 9 ! almo/ b\ndless talismanic virtues ( gems is ?r[n into ! high] relief by ! fact t 9 ano!r ( 8 poems he makes an attack ^u g5e?lialogy or ! pr$iction ( ! entire life ( ! individual f ! con/ellations at 8 bir?4 ,9 ,de fato et g5esi he writes aga9/ 8! common notion0 7op9io vulgi7 t all ?+s are rul$ by fate1 t ! h\r ( nativity controls man's entire life1 & ! cont5tion ( ! ma!matici t ! sev5 planets control n only ! ext]nal =ces ) :i* man comes 9 contact b also human "*4 ,he objects to su* a doctr9e z t1 :5 ,v5us & ,m>s appe> 9 c]ta9 relations to ! sun1 ! babe born "u t con/ellation w be de/9$ to commit ince/ & adult]y 9 lat] life4 ,he objects t su* beliefs de/roy all ! f\ndations ( morality1 law1 & future rew>d or puni%m5t2 cont5ds t !re are c]ta9 races :i* nev] commit adult]y or crime1 yet h ! same sev5 planets2 & argues t s9ce ,jews are all circumcis$ on ! eigh? day1 !y %\ld all h ! same horoscope4 ,^! are famili> cont5tions1 at lea/ z old z ,b>desanes4 ,m>bod decl>es fur!r t ! a/rological writ]1 ,firmicus1 employs 8infirm argum5ts10 & t 8 own horoscope1 tak5 accord+ to ,firmicus' me?ods & int]pret$ likewise1 turn$ out to be false1 8z ,i prov$ :5 once ,i dabbl$ 9 t art40 ,?is is int]e/+ z %[+ t ,g]>d ( ,york#cjge 0 n ! only bi%op ( ! elev5? c5tury :o 0 acqua9t$ ) ! "w ( ,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 & t ev5 oppon5ts ( a/rology are apt to h once be5 dabbl]s 9 x4 ,m>bod concludes 8 poem ) ?is neat turn3 8,i ?\ght ,i ought to write ^! l9es briefly aga9/ g5e?lialogy4 ,nev]!less1 t ,i may n seem to repel fate & horoscope utt]ly1 ,i ass]t t my fate is ! ,^w ( ! supreme ,fa!r1 ,by ,:om %\ld all ?+s be rul$ & all m5 confess2 ,& ,i say t ! computation ( my con/ellation is innate 9 me ,& ! lib]ty by :i* ,i c t5d :i!r ,i w4 ,!re=e1 if my w %all be 9 conjunction ) reason ,9 ! sign ( ! ,balances ) ,*ri/ reg>d+ me1 ,all ?+s w turn out prosp]\sly = me "h & ev]y:]e3-- ,?is is ! favorable horoscope ( all ,*ri/'s foll[]s40 ,,g5]al ,,index ,names ( m5 ( le>n+ w be f\nd = ! mo/ "p 9 ! bibliographical index4 ,a>on1 #ceg1 #cgi1 #dfd1 #ejg ,abacus1 #fih1 #gjd ,abbreviation1 #ace1 #ejj1 #fbd ,abdom51 diseases (1 #egg ,abimele*1 #cii ,abortion1 #fa1 #id ,abraham ! patri>*1 a/rology & sci5ce ( #cej1 #cec1 #cee1 #daa1 #gjc2 magic use ( "n (1 #dcg1 #ddi1 #gbf ,abraxas1 #cga1 #cgi ,abrotonum1 an h]b1 #die ,abscess1 #ic ,ab/95ce f animal food1 #bie1 #cjh1 #cad ,academy1 !1 #bfh1 #bgj1 #fjb ,accusation ( magic aga9/1 ,gal51 #abe1 #afe-g2 al*emi/s1 #aid2 ,apuleius1 #bbb1 #bcb-dj2 ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 #bdf2 ! emp]or ,julian1 #cah2 ,jews1 #ccg1 #dcf-i2 ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ians1 #ccg1 #chc1 #cie-f1 #dae1 #dbd1 #dcc1 #dcf-i1 #dfc1 #dfe1 #eje2 pagans1 #dae2 philosoph]s1 #daf2 h]etics1 #dae1 #dbd2 ,orig51 #dfa2 ,priscillian1 #chj-a1 #eai-bj2 ,libanius1 #ech2 ,b$e1 #fce2 ,g]b]t1 #gjd-e2 ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 #gdd1 #gee2 ,dun/an1 #ggc ,a*illes1 gho/ (1 #bfd2 ma/] (1 #eig ,aconite1 #gd1 #aga ,acorn1 #gdj ,ac\/ics1 #ahe ,acron1 #ef ,adalb]t1 bi%op ( ,brem51 #ggc ,adam1 fir/ man1 #fha ,adamant1 #ha1 #bid1 #fcf2 swords (1 #bec1 #beh2 breakable by goat's blood1 #ef1 #he1 #eaa1 #ehh1 #ggi2 by lead1 #feg ,add]1 #bgi1 #gba ,adonai1 #cfe1 #cfg1 #dea1 #ehc1 #gbf ,adrianaion1 #dcd ,adult]y1 discov]y (1 #cfd1 #fdd ,adv]tis+1 #ahf ,aeetes1 #cbi ,aeg9a1 #hf1 #cja ,aelian1 a consul1 #bfb ,aemilianus1 #bbd ,aeon1 #cfc-d1 #cgh1 #chc1 #daa ,a]imancy or ,a]omancy1 #cdd1 #fbi ,aesculapius1 %r9e (1 #bhc1 #cbi1 #cgi2 & see o!r index ,aetites1 a gem1 #beg1 #cbi1 #ccj1 #eha1 #ggg ,affrosel9um1 #gfe ,agate1 #bid1 #gba ,aga?odaemon1 #agc1 #bib1 #cgi1 #ehg1 #ffa2 & see o!r index ,aglaides1 #dca ,aglaonice1 #bjc ,agnus ca/us1 an h]b1 #gef ,agnus ,dei1 #gcg ,agricultural magic1 #ba1 #gj1 #gi-hj1 #ic-d1 #baf1 #bai1 #bid1 #fjd-e1 #fbf ,ague1 #ecf ,air1 importance ( pure1 #adb1 #aea2 pressure (1 #ahh2 exp]im5ts )1 #aij-b2 & cont9uity ( univ]se1 #bjf2 /> 91 #dgh ,albic]ius1 #eah ,al*emy1 ,egyptian1 #ab-c2 ,greek1 #ei1 #aca1 #aic-bjj1 #cbj1 #edd-e1 #gfd2 ,pl9y1 #ha1 #aic2 ,arabic & ,lat91 *ap4 xxxiii1 #cfh1 #cih1 #fdi1 #ffc-d1 #ffi-gj1 #fig1 #geg1 #ggc ,alcmaeon1 #cbd ,alcohol1 #dfh1 #gfe ,alcoholism1 #bec ,alex&] ! ,great1 *ap4 xxiv1 #ahf1 #dif1 #fjb2 & see o!r index ,alex&] ( ,abonuti*us1 #bgg-h ,alex&] ,v1 pope1 #ajf ,alex&ria1 z a c5t] ( anci5t le>n+1 #bg1 #ci1 #dh1 #aje1 #aji1 #abc1 #ade1 #ahg1 #bbd1 #bia1 #cah1 #cdh1 #ddi1 #eda1 #eeb1 #gfc2 dissection at1 #adg2 measures (1 #add2 relations ) ,india1 #bde2 9 ! pseudo-,clem5t9e ,homilies1 #djd1 #djh ,alex&r9a1 gold51 #gci ,alex&r9us ,olympius1 #cjj ,alive1 tak5 f1 #ehj1 #eia2 burn$1 see ,crab ,allectory1 a gem1 #ggi ,allegory & allegorical int]pretation1 9 al*emy1 #aie-h2 ( ! ,bible1 #cej1 #dgi1 #dhd1 #fcc2 9 zoology1 #cif1 #ejj1 #ejb2 miscellane\s1 #ede1 #fbf2 & see ,symbolism ,almanac1 #cah ,almond1 #gh ,aloaeus1 see ,eloeus ,alphabet 9 magic & div9ation1 #aig1 #cgj1 #chj1 #eib1 #ffd1 #gaa2 & see ,v[el ,alphabetical ord]1 #aff1 #agf1 #fjf1 #faj ,alpheus1 riv]1 #ajb ,alt>1 #hj1 #bci1 #bie1 #cgh ,alum1 #gfe ,amazons1 #aad1 #efd1 #fjc ,ambassador1 see ,embassy ,amb]1 #di1 #bac ,am]ican ,indians1 #af-ag ,amiantus1 a gem1 #ha1 #bac ,ammon1 ! god1 #edf1 #eec1 #efa-b ,ammon 7or1 ,hammon71 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 #bia ,ammonia1 #ega ,amnael1 an angel1 #aie ,amor aquae1 #gfd ,amulet1 ,egyptian1 #aj2 9 ,pl9y1 #gj1 #gg1 #ha1 #he1 #hg1 #hi1 #ib2 9 ,gal51 #aff1 #agb-c1 #agf2 9 ,plut>*1 #bjd1 #bid2 ,gno/ic1 #chj2 ,ari/otle repres5t$ z an adept 91 #efc2 po/-classical & e>ly m$ieval m$ic9e1 #egb1 #ehj1 #gee2 ,arabic1 #fee-f2 & see ,ligatures & susp5sions ,amusem5ts1 anci5t1 #acg1 #dhf ,anae/hetics1 #adb1 #fbf ,ana/asius1 ,pope1 #dfa ,anatomy1 ( ,gal51 #ade-ea2 ,empirics ho/ile to1 #aeg2 ( ,rasis1 #ffh ,&rew1 ,/41 leg5d (1 #dce ,&ronicus1 ! prefect1 #edb ,anemone1 #fe ,angel1 see ,_s ,angitia1 #cbi ,anglo-,saxon1 manuscripts1 *ap4 xxix1 #eig1 #fab-c2 m$ic9e1 *ap4 xxxi ,angobatae1 #ahh ,animal1 incapable ( magic1 #d2 9 e>ly ,greek religion1 #bc2 habits1 intellig5ce1 jeal\sy1 & rem$ies employ$ by1 #bf1 #eg1 #gc-e1 #bag-h1 #bed1 *ap4 xii1 #dfj1 #dij1 #egd1 #fbf2 use ( p>ts (1 #aa1 #bj1 #fg-gj1 #ge-f1 #hg1 #acc1 #afg1 #bbi1 #ehg1 #fjf1 #gba1 #gdj1 #gee1 #gff2 liv+ 9 fire1 #bdj2 sacr$1 #caa2 m9ute1 #bge2 9 art1 #ejb2 bre$+ & horoscopes (1 #eaf2 & see ,ab/95ce f animal food1 ,gods1 ,language1 ,sculpture1 ,trans=mation1 & ! names ( individual animals ,anise1 #bbi ,annacus1 k+1 #cdj ,annunciation1 #bfc ,anonymity1 #acc1 #gbh ,ant1 #ga-b1 #ge1 #ha1 #ih1 #cbi1 #cca2 ,indian1 #fcf ,an!mius ( ,tralles1 #ege ,an?ropology1 #cjj ,an?ropos1 ,gno/ic1 #chj ,anti*ri/1 #dag ,antidote1 #acj1 #aed1 #bec1 #dda1 #did ,antimony1 #gce ,antio*1 #bed1 #bif1 #djd1 #dba1 #dbh1 #dca1 #dgb1 #ffb1 #gdg ,antipa?y1 #hd1 #agc1 #bac1 #bag1 #bai1 #bci1 #eha1 #fje ,antiphon1 an int]pret] ( om5s1 #efb ,antipodes1 #bai1 #dhj-a ,antiscia1 #ecg ,anubion1 #dbj ,ape1 #adh1 #bef2 & see ,cynocephalus ,apelles ! pa9t]1 #ee ,apollo1 #bc1 #ic1 #bab1 #bec1 #bid1 #cag1 #cbf1 #cga1 #dbi1 #gce ,apollobe*es1 #eh ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 *ap4 viii1 #afe1 #bdd1 #bhh1 #bie1 #cij1 #dce1 #dfe ,apoplexy1 #ecf ,apo!c>y1 #hd1 #abi ,app>atus1 magical1 #bh1 #aij2 & see ,magic1 mat]ials ,app>ition1 #ff1 #fh1 #bjd1 #bjh1 #bae1 #dcg-h1 #dee1 #dif1 #eji-aj1 #ggi2 & see ,_s ,appion1 #dai-bj2 & see ,apion 9 o!r index ,appius1 fri5d ( ,cic]o1 #bgj ,appli$ sci5ce1 anci5t1 *ap4 v1 #djh2 e>ly m$ieval1 *ap4 xxxiii ,aquila1 disciple ( ,pet]1 *ap4 xvii ,aquileia1 #abd ,arab1 ,arabia1 & ,arabic1 e>ly poetry1 #f2 drugs & spices f1 #hd1 #abi1 #gfe2 ,apollonius ( ,tyana 91 #bfa1 #bie2 magic (1 #bhj2 home ( ! ,magi1 #dgf2 le>n+1 #ca1 #aei1 #agd1 #ahi1 #egh1 *aps4 xxviii1 xxx1 xxxii2 & see ,middle ,ages1 ,translations ,arcadia1 #bad1 #bdi1 #bhc ,ar*iat]1 #abe1 #afa1 #ecf ,ar*itecture1 #abb1 *ap4 v ,ar*on1 see ,_s ,arcturus1 #cca1 #fcf ,ar5a1 #acc1 #adg2 & see ,gladiator ,areob9dus1 a consul1 #fjg ,are?usa1 #ajb ,argemon1 an h]b1 #gi ,ariolus1 #fbi ,ari/o*ia1 an h]b1 #fae ,ari?metic1 #abf1 #cai1 #fai1 #fbh1 #gjd ,arm5ian1 #cea1 #cgd1 #dig1 #eed ,arms & armor1 #cdd ,aromatics1 #caa2 & see ,spice1 ,ungu5t ,arr[1 extract$1 #gef2 poison$1 #gfg ,art & ! ,arts1 magic &1 #f1 #bh2 /&>ds (1 #ahg1 #djg2 e>ly m$ieval1 *ap4 xxxiii2 & see ,artisan & ! names ( v>i\s arts ,artemis ,tauropolos1 #dbi ,artemisia1 #hi ,art]y1 #adg ,artisan1 #dhb1 #dhf ,aruspex1 see ,h>uspex ,asbe/os1 #bac-d1 #dcd ,asc5sion1 ( ,romulus1 #bgd2 ( ,simon ,magus1 #dbb ,ascetic1 see ,mona/icism ,asclepius1 a god1 #bec1 #bgg1 #edf1 #gce2 & see o!r index ,a%1 tree1 #hf ,a%es1 r$uc$ to1 #fh1 #hj1 #ia1 #agj1 #ega-d1 #eha1 #ehf-h1 #eij1 #gba ,a%?roat1 an h]b1 #gbb ,asp1 #eg1 #he1 #cbd1 #did1 #ega1 #ehj1 #ehg1 #fbf ,asp>agus1 #eii ,asphalt1 #acb1 #egd ,asphodel1 #hh ,ass1 #gf1 #hh1 #bcj1 #bge1 #cbf1 #cfg1 #gcd1 #gdj ,assurbanipal1 #ae1 #bg ,assyria1 magic (1 #aa1 #ae-bj1 #eh1 #bie1 #fbi2 bibliography1 #cc-e ,a/anphaeus1 #cfe1 #cfg ,a/hma1 #gf ,a/ral !ology1 #ae1 #ag1 #cfj-a2 & see ,a/rology1 ,/> ,a/rolabe1 #aae1 #eja1 #edb1 #eei1 *ap4 xxx1 #gbh ,a/rological m$ic9e1 #agi1 #ege1 #fcc1 #gch ,a/rology1 *aps1 iii1 ix1 xi1 xv1 xxix1 xxx2 also1 ,egyptian1 #ac-d2 ,sum]ian or ,*aldean1 #ae-g1 & see ,*aldean2 ,greek1 #bb1 #be-f2 ,pl9y1 #ia1 #id-g2 popul> ,roman1 #abg1 #bhe2 ,gal51 #abg1 #aff1 #agh2 ,greek philosophy &1 #ahj-a2 ,vitruvius1 #ahd-e1 #ahg2 ,h]o1 #aic2 al*emy &1 #aig2 ,plut>*1 #bjg1 #bji2 ,apuleius1 #bca1 #bci-dj2 ,brahmans1 #bec2 ,lucian1 #bhb-c2 ,ne*epso1 ,petosiris1 & ,mane?o1 #bib-c2 ,sol9us1 #ccj2 ,horapollo1 #ccc2 ,h]mes1 #bij-b2 ,eno*1 #cdj-a2 ,philo ,judaeus & ,jewi%1 #cec-f2 ,pseudo-,clem5t1 #daj-c2 *ur* fa!rs1 #ddd1 #dee-h1 #dfd1 #dff1 #dga-e1 #dib2 ,augu/9e1 #eac-ba2 ,firmicus1 #ebi-ch2 ,pseudo-,qu9tilian1 #edj2 ,synesius1 #edc2 ,nectanebus1 #efj-c2 ,alex&] ( ,tralles1 #ehc2 ,h]b>ium ( ,apuleius1 #eih2 ,geoponica1 #fjd-e2 ,boe?ius1 #fba-b2 ,isidore1 #fcb-c2 ,arabic1 #fdd-eb1 #ffa-f1 #fgj2 ,sal]nitan1 #gch2 ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 #gef2 ,m>bod1 #gha-b2 al*emy &1 #gfc2 magic &1 #cjj1 #dcb1 #dfd1 #ech1 #edj2 & see ,*ri/1 bir? (2 ,image2 ,magi2 ,planet2 ,/> ,a/ronomy1 ( ,egypt1 #ac1 #edb1 #ede1 #eei2 ,tigris-,euphrates1 #ae-f1 #cd2 ,india1 #ca2 ,greek1 #ca-b2 b5efits (1 #dg1 #if2 ( ,ptolemy1 #aje1 #ajg2 & ar*itecture1 #abb1 #ahe2 hi/ory (1 #cff1 #gjg2 miscellane\s1 #bai1 #cie1 #ebj1 #ecf1 #ffc1 #gjd ,atavism1 #ada ,a!ism1 #bcd ,a!ns1 #bh1 #ie1 #adb1 #bag1 #bcj1 #bdi1 #dbi2 z c5t] ( le>n+1 #ace1 #bjj1 #bbb1 #bdb1 #bfi1 #bgg1 #ech1 #eda1 #fjb ,a?lete1 #ahf1 #bdh1 #dhf ,atlas1 ,mt41 #ed ,atom1 ,atomic !ory1 ,atomism1 #adj1 #afi1 #agh1 #bje1 #djh ,attalus1 k+ ( ,p]gamum1 #ace1 #aga ,attalus ,,iii1 #bcf ,augury1 9 ,assyria1 #ag2 ,rome1 #ie2 ,s5eca1 #ajc2 ,gal51 #aga2 d5i$ by ,atomi/s1 #agh2 accept$ by ,/oics1 #ahj2 ,neo-,platoni/s1 #cae2 ,jews & e>ly ,*ri/ians on1 #ceb1 #deh-i1 #dff1 #eaa1 #eac1 #ecd1 #fcj2 miscellane\s1 #efj1 #fbi1 #fgc1 #gje ,auspices1 #dcj1 #fbi ,au?ority & ,au?orities1 attitude to1 citation by1 ,pl9y1 #df1 #di1 #ge2 ,ptolemy1 #ajg2 ,gal51 #aah1 #aeb-h1 #afg2 ,vitruvius1 #ahf-g2 ,zosimus1 #aih2 bogus1 #bae2 ,cic]o1 #bgj2 ,sol9us1 #cbg-h2 ,hippolytus1 #dfi2 ,firmicus1 #ecg2 ,atius1 #egj2 ,m>cellus1 #ehe-f2 m$ieval fre$om )1 #faa2 ,mac]1 #fad2 ,isidore1 #fbd-e2 ,petrocellus1 #gcd2 miscellane\s1 #cb1 #bae1 #ggh ,automaton1 #ahh1 #aib1 #bcj1 #ddj ,axle-grease1 #ib ,baal1 prie/ (1 #chf ,babel1 #dec ,babylon & ,babylonia1 #aa1 #ad-ba1 #bc-d1 #ca1 #cc-e1 #ie1 #ig1 #bbg1 #bci1 #bdg-h1 #bff1 #bhc1 #cfj-a1 #cgf1 #chc-d1 #dad1 #ebg1 #ecg1 #feb1 #ffa1 #gdd ,bagdad1 #ffa-b1 #ffg1 #gdd1 #gfb ,balaam1 prophet or magician8 #bfg1 #ceb-c1 #che1 #dde-h1 #dei2 & ! ,magi1 #che1 #ddd1 #dgd1 #dgi1 #eai ,bala* or ,balak1 #ddg ,baldness1 #ecf ,balis1 an h]b1 #ge ,balsam1 #cib1 #gch ,baptism1 #cfh1 #cgc1 #dje1 #djh1 #dcb ,b>b>ians1 #adh1 #cgf1 #dde1 #ddi1 #fai1 #fch ,b>b>ossa1 see ,fr$]ick ,i ,b>b]1 #bbi ,b>celona1 #fii ,b>efoot1 #eii ,b>ley1 #hh2 wat]1 #adc ,b>opt5us1 a gem1 #ha ,b>rocus1 an h]b1 #fae ,basilica at ,fano1 #ahg ,basilides1 ! h]etic1 #cgb ,basilisk1 #fg1 #gj1 #ge1 #afi1 #did1 #egc1 #fjc1 #fbf1 #fcf2 & cock1 #cbd1 #gga ,basilius ! magician1 #fci ,bas91 #efj ,bat1 #fh-i1 #aei1 #cca1 #ehg ,ba?1 #adb-c1 #bha1 #ehg1 #fgf1 #gbi2 public1 #adj1 #bie1 #dcd-e2 sea1 #bca-b1 #dje ,battle pr$ict$1 #bge ,bayeux ,tape/ry1 #ejb1 #fge ,bean1 #eia ,be>1 #ge1 #ib1 #bai1 #cfg1 #dij2 licks cubs into %ape1 #afh1 #agg1 #cca2 con/ellation ( !1 #agi ,be>d1 #daf ,bea/1 "n ( !1 #ehb ,bea/s1 wild1 #baf1 #bbi1 #efd1 #ffi2 deal]s 91 #acc ,beauty1 #cjj1 #dhf ,beav]1 #ejb1 #fcf2 ca/ration (1 #bca1 #ccb1 #egd ,b$-bug1 #fh1 #he1 #hi1 #age ,bee1 #gf1 #he1 #bai1 #fae1 #fcf1 #gba2 & see ,honey ,bee* tree1 #bac ,beetle1 #ha1 #bai1 #eha ,behbit el-,hag>1 #eei ,behemo?1 #cdf-g1 #cfg ,bektanis1 #eei ,bell1 *ur*1 #gbb ,bell]ophon1 #bhb ,bell's palsy1 #gch ,belt1 see ,girdle ,bem>*ius1 rival ( ,libanius1 #ech ,b]5ice1 #dfc1 #eeh ,b]yl1 #ghj ,be?lehem1 /> (1 see ,*ri/1 bir? (2 ,magi1 :o came to ,*ri/ *ild ,betony1 #gg1 #hf1 #gcg ,bibliography1 ( ,pl9y1 #df1 #bae2 ,isidore1 #fbc2 ,pet] ! ,deacon1 #gdf ,bile1 #aga1 #agg ,bird1 #gc1 #gh1 #hj1 #bja1 #bah1 #bcf1 #cbe1 #dfj1 #edd2 rite ( /rangl+1 #cja2 me*anical1 #aib1 #bff2 & see ,augury & ! names ( individual birds ,bir?-control1 #id ,bir?-m>k1 #gac ,bi%op1 #edb ,bi%opwort1 #gbb ,bitum51 #ega1 #egd1 #fjc ,bitum9\s trefoil1 #age ,black1 #fh1 #age1 #ehb1 #eia ,bladd]1 #ecf1 #eii1 #gfi ,ble$+1 #ge1 #abe1 #ada-b1 #afb1 #agg1 #egf1 #fgf1 #fgi1 #fha1 #fhd-e1 #fhh1 #gbd1 #gbh1 #gce1 #gcg-h ,bl9d1 #ecf1 #eij ,blood1 miracul\s1 #bca2 human1 use (1 #fa1 #ajb1 #age1 #bbg1 #eha1 #fjc1 #fbi1 #gba2 human1 & ! moon1 #ih1 #adf1 #cia2 circulation (1 #dji1 #dcj2 ( v>i\s animals us$1 #hf-g1 #hi1 #aca1 #aei1 #aff1 #age1 #ehg1 #eij1 #gbg1 #gbi1 #gcg1 #gff-g2 & see ,adamant1 ,ble$+1 ,hemorrhage ,blot*1 #fdj ,bo>1 #fi1 #ib1 #ehj1 #eii ,bo?us1 #acd ,boil1 #hh ,bones1 /uck 9 ?roat1 #ga1 #ehc2 numb] 9 body1 #cgb2 prehi/oric1 #djg2 use (1 #egc1 #ehc1 #fef ,book1 trade 9 ,roman empire1 #acd-e2 magic1 #dcb1 #dce1 #dgb1 #eje1 #gje2 loss (1 #geb ,bordeaux1 #efh ,borellus1 duke1 #gjd ,botany1 #bj1 #fe1 #abi1 #cdc1 #dfc2 & see ,h]b ,box1 #bbi1 #bej ,boy1 9 div9ation & magic1 #ha1 #bci1 #bdi1 #daf-i1 #dfc2 & peony1 #agc ,bracelet1 #ha1 #hi ,brahmans1 #bdh-ed1 #beh1 #bff1 #cgf1 #djg1 #daj1 #dab1 #dej-a1 #eef1 #efd ,bra91 c5t] ( n]v\s sy/em1 #ade-f2 cavities (1 #fei-fj1 #gce2 inflammation (1 #ecf2 ( v>i\s animals us$1 see names ( individual animals ,bread1 #hi1 #dbd2 bless+ & break+1 #gbg ,brea/plate ( high prie/1 #die ,brea? & brea?+1 #acd1 #adf1 #bjg1 #feh ,br9disi1 #gfd ,brita9 & ,briton1 #ei1 #ada1 #bjf-g1 #cgf1 #dhi ,bronze1 #gfd ,buddha1 #bea ,bugloss1 vip]'s1 an h]b1 #gbb ,buglossa1 an h]b1 #fae ,bull1 #gi1 #hf1 #afh1 #bfa1 #cfg1 #eii1 #gfe-f2 tam$ by fig-tree1 #gg1 #bac1 #ccb1 #fbf ,bulru%1 #ib ,bupre/is1 #gg1 #did ,burial1 magic1 #fi-gj1 #hj1 #hh1 #ffb1 #fff2 alive1 #dba ,burn$ to dea?1 #dcc1 #ega1 #fci ,bus9ess1 #ig1 #ajg1 #abh1 #bdh1 #fff2 e>ly ,*ri/ian attitude to1 #did ,butt]1 #aed1 #gba-b ,byzant9e1 #ahi1 #aid-e1 #cbc1 #cih1 #dhb1 #eee1 #efi1 #fjg1 #gcb1 #gde1 #gfa-b ,cabbage1 #hf1 #age ,cabbala1 #g1 #cfe ,caes>ea1 #djd-f ,cairo1 #h ,cal*as1 #bga ,calculus1 #ecf ,cal5d>1 #ac-d1 #cbg1 #cde1 #fgf1 #fhf1 #gab ,calf1 #aej1 #ega ,caligula1 emp]or1 #aic1 #cdi ,caliph1 #fjg1 #fec1 #fgj1 #gde ,camaleon1 #fjj2 & see ,*ameleon ,camel1 #cif1 #fcf ,campus ,m>tius1 #dbd-e ,canal1 ,i/hmian1 #bfb ,c&elabrum1 #chj ,c&le1 magic1 #hg1 #chj1 #che1 #dfi ,c&le/ick1 sev5-bran*$1 #che1 #fgf ,cannibal1 #fa-b1 #egc ,canute1 k+1 #cea ,c>ol+ian1 #faf1 #fce ,c>p5t]1 #cic ,c>pesium1 a drug1 #acb ,c>pocrates1 a h]etic1 #cga ,c>t rut1 #ha1 #hh-ia1 #gba ,c>?age1 #bbb1 #bfi1 #eec1 #gdd ,c>ton1 #abi ,c>y/us1 #bac ,cask1 #gfg-h ,caspian ,sea1 #dhi ,ca/oria1 #gci ,cat1 #fh1 #fcf ,cat>act1 9 eye1 #age1 #gbi ,cat>rh1 #hb1 #hh-i1 #adb1 #agf ,cat]pill>1 #hj ,ca!dral1 #eja-b1 #gfa ,cato*ites1 a gem1 #ccj ,caul ( an ox1 #dfi ,cauldron1 #dfh ,caut]ization1 #ecf1 #gbc ,cecrops1 #dae ,c$>1 #bj ,celidonius1 see ,swall[-/one ,celt & ,celtic1 #bde1 #efg-h1 #gbb1 #gcb ,cemet]y1 #dcd ,c5*rea1 #acf ,c5taur1 #fjc2 & see ,*iron 9 o!r index ,c5tip$e1 #gf1 #did1 #ehg ,c]b]us1 #bhj ,c]emonial1 ,egypt1 #aj2 ,assyria1 #ah1 #bj2 ,pl9y1 #fd1 #fi1 #ga1 #gg-hb1 #ij2 ,apuleius1 #bcj1 #bce2 ,orphic1 #bie2 rite ( /rangl+ birds1 #cja2 ,gno/ic1 #cgh2 ,m>cellus1 #eij-b2 ,arabic1 #ffc2 m$ieval m$ic9e1 #gbf2 & see ,h]b1 pluck+ (2 ,_s1 invocation (2 etc4 ,*alcite1 #acb ,*aldean 7mo/ly m]e m5tions (71 #af-g1 #ih1 #ajb1 #ahe1 #bja1 #bcj1 #bci1 #bej1 #bec1 #bgb-d1 #bgi1 #bha1 #bhg1 #caf1 #cbc1 #cec1 #cge-f1 #chj1 #cii1 #dcj1 #ddd1 #def1 #dfi1 #dgf1 #dgi1 #eai1 #efj1 #fcb1 #gjc1 #gaa1 #gdd ,*alkydri1 #cdg ,*am1 see ,ham ,*ameleon1 #fb1 #age1 #eha ,*ance1 exp]i5ce1 #cf1 #ge1 #aef1 #agb1 #ged2 & fate1 #baj ,*aplet1 #bie ,*>act]s1 magic use (1 #bbi1 #beg1 #cad1 #cag1 #eab1 #egi1 #eib-c1 #fjd1 #fcj1 #fde1 #fed1 #gbd-cj ,*>icles1 #bcb ,*>iot1 #dbc ,*>latan1 #ffh-i2 & see ,old-wives ,*>lemagne1 #bad1 #eef1 #fgb1 #gfd ,*>on1 #bgg ,*a/isem5ts1 #bjd ,*a/ity1 #gh1 #ha1 #hc1 #bjd1 #baf1 #bie1 #cjh1 #cbf1 #efd1 #eha1 #ehh1 #eij1 #eii1 #gii-hj2 & see ,virg9 ,*eese1 #adb1 #cbe1 #eji ,*elidonia & ,*elidonius1 see ,swall[-wort & ,swall[-/one ,*elonitis1 a gem1 #ghj ,*emical & ,*emi/ry1 #acb-dj1 #dfg-i2 & see ,al*emy ,*ick1 #gf1 #ged1 #gga2 ,ari/otle on embryology (1 #cj1 #adf ,*ickpea1 #hh ,*ild-be>+ & ,*ild-bir?1 #gf1 #gh1 #hd1 #hg1 #ib1 #id1 #ajb1 #age1 #agg1 #baf1 #bec1 #bfj1 #bie1 #cbe1 #dif1 #eha1 #fhe1 #gac1 #gbf1 #gch1 #gdj2 =mation ( *ild 9 womb1 #aej1 #ede1 #eeg1 #geg2 *ild born aft] eight mon?s dies1 #aha1 #cef1 #geg2 mon/r\s bir?1 #fbg2 & see ,abortion1 ,bir?-control ,*ima]a1 #cfg ,*9a & ,*9ese1 #f-g1 #bad2 & see ,s]es ,*iromancy1 #chf ,*neph or ,*nuphis1 #cgi ,*rism1 #gch ,*ri/1 #acg-i1 #bdc1 #cfc1 #cgi1 #chf1 #djd-e1 #dbb1 #eaj1 #ebg1 #ebi1 #fbj1 #fgd-e1 #ghb2 accus$ ( magic1 see ,accusation2 bir? (1 & a/rology1 #chf1 #dch1 #deg1 #dfd1 #dga-i1 #gjc2 bir?1 virg91 #dfj2 *ild1 *ap4 xvi1 #cij2 p[] ( "n (1 #dcd1 #deb1 #dff1 #fch-i1 #gbe1 #gbi-cj ,*ri/ian & ,*ri/ianity1 ,book ,,ii1 passim2 #acg1 #aci1 #bjg1 #bge-f1 #bhe1 #bif1 #bih1 #cjf1 #cab1 #cbj1 #cbg1 #eed1 #efh1 #ehd1 #fjb1 *ap4 xxvii1 #fdb1 #gae2 & see ,religion1 ,!ology ,*ri/mas1 #fgh ,*ronology1 #ace1 #bji1 #fbd1 #gaa2 & see ,cal5d> ,*ur* fa!rs1 ,book ,,ii1 passim1 #ahj1 #bbe1 #bda1 #cjb1 #fah ,cicada1 #afi ,c9a$ia1 #eij ,c9nab>1 #fbf1 #gfa1 #gfd ,c9namon1 #abi-cj1 #bef ,circe1 #ba1 #fe1 #cbd1 #dcd1 #eji1 #fbi ,circle1 magic1 #gh1 #hf-g1 #ia1 #aig1 #bha1 #cff1 #eii2 squ>+ !1 #gjf2 ,c>dan's conc5tric1 #gfi ,circumcision1 #ddi1 #dge1 #gha ,circus1 #bie1 #dhf ,city1 =tune (1 pr$ict$1 #bgc1 #bhc2 anci5t1 #dhi1 #ejd2 ideal1 #cdi-ej1 #dfj ,civilization1 magic & orig9 (1 #e-f2 ,pl9y z s\rce = hi/ory (1 #dc ,clairvoyance1 #fdg2 & see ,div9ation1 natural ,cl>us1 #bbd ,classical h]itage1 #eee1 #fah1 #fcf2 & see ,middle ,ages ,classics1 sup]/ition 91 #ba-d ,claudia1 #ee ,clay1 animals1 #cic1 #gfi2 & see ,pott]y ,climate1 #ahd ,cloak1 virtue (1 #cig1 #dce ,clock1 see ,"t ,clo?+1 virtue 91 #acf1 #bie1 #chb1 *ap4 xvi1 #djg1 #dda1 #ecd1 #eih1 #fff2 & see names ( v>i\s articles ( ,cly/]1 #adb ,cock1 #afh1 #age1 #cbj1 #cbd-e1 #gff1 #gga1 #ggi2 cock-cr[1 #bhj1 #dje ,cog-:eel1 #aib ,cold1 quality1 #adj1 #afa1 #bai2 dr9k1 #ada2 disease1 #ehi ,colic1 #hg1 #afi1 #egi1 #ehb1 #eij ,cologne1 ?ree k+s (1 #ddf1 #dgg ,colonus1 #fch ,colony1 ,greek1 #cah ,color1 discuss$1 #adj1 #dhf2 *ang+1 #baf2 9 magic1 #ij1 #cfg1 #cfi1 #eij1 #gba2 & see ! names ( individual colors ,combu/ible comp\nds1 see ,c&le ,com$y1 ,greek1 #bb-d ,comet1 #if1 #aae1 #deg1 #edc1 #fcc1 #fce1 #fgc ,commodus1 emp]or1 #abe1 #abi ,compass1 po9ts (1 #ia1 #aad1 #cgh1 #ehf1 #eia1 #gbd ,compotus or ,computus1 #ecf1 #fgf-g1 #gbh ,comp\nd1 magical or m$ic9al1 #aj1 #hc1 #adj1 #aeb1 #aei-fj1 #agb1 #ega1 #ehf-g1 #gbb1 #gcd ,conception1 #efb1 #fef1 #gbd1 #gdj ,condrion1 an h]b1 #gd ,conf$]ate1 9 magic fraud1 #dfg ,conjunction1 a/rological1 #ajd1 #fdb1 #fdh-i ,conjuration ( an h]b1 #ehc2 & see ,incantation1 ,_s1 invocation ( ,consecration1 ( a pa9t$ grape1 #hj2 ( gems1 #bie1 #gha2 & see ,holy ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 #ebe;ff4 ,con/ant9e ,monoma*os1 #gde ,con/ant9e ,porphyryg5netos1 #fjd ,con/antius1 emp]or1 #ebe;ff4 ,con/ans1 emp]or1 #ebe;ff4 ,con/ant9ople1 #dgb1 #dgg1 #did1 #ecc1 #eda2 & see ,byzant9e ,con/ellation1 #ad1 #aad1 #agh1 #cjd1 #gji ,con/ipation1 #ggi ,consumption1 #bac1 #cgc1 #ecf1 #ehh ,cook1 #adh ,cop]nican !ory1 #cb ,copp]as1 #dfg ,coptic1 #cfa1 #cgg ,coral1 #fef ,cordova1 #gjd1 #gfb ,cor9?1 #abc1 #acf1 #bcj1 #bfb1 #bhj ,corn extract$1 #ga ,corpse1 #adg1 #bbi1 #cji1 #fbi1 #ghj2 & see ,necromancy1 ,resurrection ,cosmetics1 #aeb1 #ffh ,cotton1 #beb ,c\*1 #efa ,c\gh1 #hh1 #agf ,c\nt]-irritant1 #gbc ,c[1 #gg1 #gi1 #ha1 #he1 #cbe1 #gfi ,crab1 & snake1 #ii2 riv]1 use ( eye (1 #fh-i2 burn$ alive1 #hj1 #agh2 use ( a% (1 #agj1 #egb2 /one 9 head (1 #gcg ,crane1 s5t9el1 #bag2 w9dpipe (1 us$ 9 magic1 #bgh1 #dfg ,craw-fi%1 #bag ,creation1 #af1 #cdf1 #djh1 *ap4 xxi1 #ejd-e1 #fbg-h2 position ( />s at1 #gaa1 #gac ,cr$ulity & scepticism1 *ap4 ix2 9 ,pl9y1 #ej-a1 #fa-d1 #fg1 #gj1 #gg1 #hj-a1 #hh1 #ih2 ,gal5 & ! ,empirics1 #aeg-h1 #afh-i1 #age2 ,s5eca1 #ajb-c2 ,plut>*1 #bjd1 #bab-c2 o!r cases1 #bbe1 #bdd1 #bee1 #chh1 #ddj1 #dia-b1 #eci1 #egc-d1 #fbf1 #fcg1 #fee1 #fga1 #ghj ,crete1 #abi1 #ace1 #bdi1 #bfj ,cricket1 #fg1 #gcg ,crime & crim9al1 #adg1 #afg1 #aga1 #bjg1 #bbe1 #eha2 & see ,magic1 evil & crim9al2 ,s9 ,critical days1 #aeh1 #afa1 #afd1 #agi-hj1 #cef1 #gef ,crocodile1 #gd1 #aff1 #bah1 #bch1 #bhj ,cropleek1 #gbb ,cross1 nail f1 #bhj2 9 sky1 #dge2 sign (1 #dcb1 #dcd1 #dff1 #fch-i1 #gbb ,cr[1 #bjg1 #cad1 #cbd1 #dji1 #fcf1 #fee ,cruelty1 #acf1 #bbe ,cry/al1 #bid1 #gfg ,cube1 #ahd ,cuckoo1 #ha ,cumm9 se$1 #ic ,cunei=m1 #ae ,cup1 ,joseph's div9+1 #chf ,cupp+ glass1 #aib ,curlew1 #bag ,curse1 #bh1 #ic1 #cff1 #dcd ,cynics1 #bgg ,cynocephalia1 an h]b1 #fg ,cynocephalus1 #gj1 #ccc ,cyprus1 magic (1 #ei2 oil (1 #fh2 ,gal5's visit to1 #aca-b ,cyr5e1 #eda ,dacian1 #eig ,da$alus1 #bhc ,daily life1 magic 91 #i-aj1 #bj2 exp]i5ce f1 #ed ,dani%1 #fab ,d>danus1 a magician1 #eh-i1 #dfc1 #eeh ,d>ius1 #bef1 #bfj 8,d>k ,ages10 #fah ,date1 ! fruit1 #bj ,date1 discuss$ (1 ,ptolemy1 #aje2 ,h]o1 #ahh2 ,greek al*emi/s1 #aic-d2 works ( ,apuleius1 #bbb-e2 ,sol9us1 #cbf-g2 ,horapollo1 #cca2 ,eno* lit]ature1 #cda-b2 apocryphal ,gospels1 #chh-i2 ,pseudo-,clem5t9es1 #djd-f2 ,physiologus1 #dig-i2 ,augu/9e1 #ejd2 ,ma!sis ( ,firmicus1 #ebf-g2 ,synesius1 #eda2 ,pseudo-,calli/h5es & ,julius ,val]ius1 #eeb-e2 ,atius1 #egj2 ,m>cellus1 #ehd-e2 e>ly m$ieval pseudo-lit]ature1 #eid-f2 ,mac]1 #fab-c2 ,!bit1 #ffa2 introduction ( ,arabic al*emy1 #ggc2 & see ,cal5d>1 ,*ronology1 ,compotus1 ,creation1 ,ea/] ,day1 obs]vance (1 lucky & unlucky1 #ad1 #ba1 #ajf1 #chc1 #eac1 #ehb1 #ehh1 #eij1 #eib1 #ffa1 *ap4 xxix1 #gba1 #gbe1 #gbg1 #ged2 & see ,critical2 ,egyptian2 ,moon1 day (2 ,planet>y week ,dead ,sea1 #ach ,deaf1 #ecf ,decans1 #agh1 #bia1 #cae1 #cgf1 #dec ,de5dor1 a magician1 #ghj ,de]1 #fh1 #gj1 #gd1 #hd1 #id1 #bjg1 #bid1 #cbd1 #ehf1 #gcd ,degree1 academic1 #fai2 m$ical1 #gea-b ,delirium1 #ecf ,delphic oracle1 #bja1 #bff1 #bhc1 #cbf1 #ech1 #ehb ,demet]1 #dbi ,demigod1 #edf ,demiurge1 #bab1 #chc ,demon1 see ,_s ,d5ti/ry1 #ab2 & see ,too? ,depilatories1 see ,hair ,d]oldus1 bi%op1 #gcc ,des]t1 h]bs 91 #ed ,desid]ius1 abbot1 #gdg ,design1 argum5t f1 #aci1 #adh1 #djh1 #dij ,desire1 z a factor 9 magic1 #fdd ,deucalion1 #cda ,devotio1 see ,curse ,dew1 #ajb ,diaca/oria1 #gci ,diado*os1 a gem1 #ghj ,diagram1 #cff-g1 #fgd ,dialectic1 #dbj1 #dci1 #ecf ,diana1 #acj ,dice1 #acf1 #dhf ,dick1 ,mr41 #fd ,dictamnon1 see ,dittany ,dictation1 anci5t1 #de1 #acd ,diction>y1 #eii1 #fbd ,dictynna1 #bdi ,die1 #ehb2 & see ,dice ,diet1 #ih1 #acg1 #adb1 #aei1 #bhb1 #dad1 #dbi1 #egg1 #ehg1 #ffh1 #fhd1 #gce ,dige/ion1 #acg1 #bje1 #ehe ,d9ocrates1 #ahf ,diocletian1 emp]or1 #aid ,diom$es1 #ccj ,dionysius1 an ,egyptian1 #ddj ,dionysus1 ! god1 #bea1 #edf ,dioptrics1 #ajh ,dipsas1 a snake1 #agb1 #bhd1 #did ,direction1 obs]vance (1 9 magic1 #ij-a1 #fff2 & see ,compass1 ,"r1 ,left ,disease1 #be1 #ih1 #aej1 #bjh1 #bai1 #caj1 #dcj1 #dcd1 #ecf2 magic transf] (1 #ai1 #fa1 #ga1 #gi1 #bac1 #ehh-i2 & see ,_s1 ,woman1 & ! names ( individual diseases ,dissection1 #hh1 #acd1 #adf-h1 #afd1 #eha1 #gdf ,dittany1 #bah1 #die ,dives & ,laz>us1 #ddh ,div9atio1 a disease1 #gee2 & see #aej-a ,div9ation1 *aps4 ix1 xxix1 #hf1 #abg1 #adc1 #afe1 #ahj1 #bec1 #bhe1 #ecc1 #eci-dj1 #gac2 v>ieties li/$1 #efj2 9 ,*9a1 #f-g2 ,egypt1 #ac2 ,tigris-,euphrates1 #ag2 ,india1 #bea2 relation to magic1 #e1 #ad1 #ag1 #fj1 #bbf1 #bcc1 #bie1 #dcb1 #eab1 #edc1 #fbi2 by div9e revelation1 #bje1 #bdi1 #cad1 #cfd1 #ecc1 & see ,prophecy2 by demons1 #ddb-c1 #eaj1 #edf2 natural1 #ajc1 #bje1 #bci1 #cje1 #cad1 #cah-i1 #dai1 #eah1 #edb-c2 by animals1 #cae1 #cbe-f1 #dij1 & see ,augury2 by eat+ p>ts ( animals1 #gj1 #beg1 #cad2 by boys1 #bdi1 #dah-i1 #dfc2 by en?usiasm1 #ahj2 by h]bs1 #ff1 #gg1 #fad2 by dr9k+ or inhal+1 #cac2 by ,kal5ds1 #fgg1 #fhd2 by lots1 numb]s1 names1 #aab1 #fgi1 #fhb1 #gaa1 #gac1 & see ,lot-ca/+2 by poli%$ surfaces1 #ggd2 by s\nds1 #cac1 #dcj2 by /ones1 #gj2 by symbols1 #aff2 by w9ds1 #fgf1 #fgh2 & see ,a]imancy1 ,cup1 ,dream1 ,geomancy1 ,h>uspex1 ,hydromancy1 ,knot1 ,liv]1 ,moon1 ,om51 ,pyromancy1 ,sacrifice1 ,sieve1 ,sel5omancy1 ,?und] ,dog1 k5nel1 #fi2 jeal\s1 #ge2 puppyhood1 #aej2 om5s f1 #bca2 presci5ce (1 #cbe2 z symbol1 #cfg2 demons z1 #dce2 & m&ragora1 #fjg2 torn to pieces by1 #bgg1 #dbe2 to /op b>k or attack (1 #gg1 #baf1 #bdi1 #dbd1 #fje2 disease transf]r$ to1 #hh1 #eij-a2 use ( p>ts (1 #fh1 #gj1 #hi1 #ij1 #aei1 #afh-i1 #egc-d1 #gcg1 #gee2 mad1 & bite (1 #fh1 #hb1 #hf1 #aca1 #afi1 #agh1 #bei1 #bfc-d1 #bhd1 #cgc1 #cia1 #egb1 #fef1 #gac1 #ged ,dog-days1 #egb1 #gbh1 #gef1 #gfe ,dogmatism1 #aed1 #aei1 #gce ,dog-/>1 #ff1 #ih1 #agh1 #fjd ,dolph91 #ee1 #bah1 #bfj ,domitian1 emp]or1 #bdi-ej1 #bei-fe ,door1 us$ 9 magic1 #ga1 #eia2 affect$ by magic1 #bbf-g1 #cad1 #ddi2 trap1 #dfi ,dorians1 #bai ,dosi!us1 #cfe1 #dag ,dove1 #adb1 #afh1 #cbd1 #ccb1 #fcf1 #gdj ,draconites1 a gem1 #ge ,dragon1 #ge1 #bca1 #beg1 #cbf1 #cfg1 #cib1 #dbi1 #efa1 #fjc1 #gff2 use ( p>ts (1 #fh1 #gj2 combat ) elephant1 #gd1 #beg1 #fbf2 fly+1 #cdg ,dragontes1 an h]b1 #fad ,drama1 & magic1 #bb-c1 #cbd2 liturgical1 #dgf-g ,dream & div9ation f1 9 ,egypt1 #ac-d2 9 cunei=m texts1 #ag2 ,pl9y1 #ef1 #ha2 ,gal51 #abc1 #aed1 #aef1 #aff1 #agj1 #agg-hj2 ,plut>*1 #bjd1 #bje2 ,apuleius1 #bca2 ,apollonius1 #bfj2 ,lucian1 #bhc2 ,neo-,platoni/s1 #cad1 #ede2 ,philo1 #ced1 #ceh2 ,pilate's wife1 #cie2 ,orig51 #dei2 ,nectanebus1 #efj-b2 ,alk9di1 #fdf2 miscellane\s1 #aig1 #cbi1 #dab1 #dcd1 #dcg1 #dei1 #dfc1 #dhg1 #eji1 #ecd1 #fbg1 #fga1 #fhj-a1 #gbj1 #ged1 #gfc1 #ggi 8,dream-s5d]s10 #cfh ,dropsy1 #fi1 #bac1 #ecf1 #ggi ,drugs1 #ee1 #fa1 #hd1 #hi1 #abh1 #acb1 #cgj1 #dfg1 #efa1 #ffh ,druid1 #df1 #ei1 #fg1 #gi1 #fdj ,drum1 #bjd1 #cac ,dualism1 #cfa1 #dji ,duck1 #hg-h ,dung1 #fh1 #fi1 #hf1 #aff1 #afh1 #ehh1 #fef1 #gcd1 #gdj1 #gfi ,dye1 #cbd1 #dfg1 *ap4 xxxiii ,ea1 a god1 #ah ,eagle1 #hg1 #ij1 #agf1 #bag1 #beg1 #cbe-f1 #ccb1 #dda1 #dif1 #egd1 #fcf ,e>1 #ecf ,e>a*e1 #afi1 #egi1 #gee ,e>-wax1 #gba1 #gfi ,e>?1 appeas$1 conjur$1 p]sonifi$1 & deifi$1 #ff1 #gi1 #hf1 #bea1 #bie1 #ehc1 #eih2 virtue (1 #ha1 #hh1 #eib1 & see ,c>t rut1 ,t]ra sigillata2 ?+s n all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd1 #gj1 #gi1 #ha1 #agc1 #ehb1 #ehh2 sph]icity (1 #dhj2 miscellane\s1 #baa1 #cgc2 & see ,burial1 ,l& & ,wat]1 ,und]gr\nd ,e>?quake1 #ig1 #aja1 #bej1 #bed1 #bfd1 #bga1 #dcj1 #dfi1 #efb ,e>?worm1 #fh-i1 #hi1 #agf1 #egc-d1 #ehg1 #gbj ,ea/]1 #eba1 #fgg2 my/]y (1 #fgg ,ebionites1 #dje ,ebony1 #efj ,e*5eis1 #bab1 #dia1 #fbf ,eclipse1 #if1 #ih1 #bjc-d1 #bji1 #bfb1 #ccc1 #chf1 #efd1 #fgc ,editions1 especially e>ly pr9t$1 ,pl9y1 #ec2 ,ptolemy1 #ajf1 #aaj2 ,gal51 #aai2 ,sol9us1 #cbf2 ,firmicus1 #ebe2 ,pseudo-,calli/h5es & ,julius ,val]ius1 #eea-b2 ,lett] ( ,alex&]1 #eee2 po/-classical m$ic9e1 #eff-g1 #egg2 ,h]b>ium ( ,apuleius1 #eig2 ,e?icus1 #fja2 ,geoponica1 #fjd2 ,dioscorides1 #fjf-aj2 ,mac]1 #fab2 ,isidore1 #fbc2 ,lat9 translations f ,arabic1 #fdb1 #fdi;ff41 #fec1 #feg1 #ffe1 #ffh1 #gaf2 ,regim5 ,sal]nitanum1 #gcf2 ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 *ap4 xxxii2 treatises on arts1 #gfj2 ,m>bod1 #gge1 #ggh ,education1 z exp]i5c$ or discuss$ by1 ,gal51 #aah-bh2 ,vitruvius1 #ahg2 ,plut>*1 #bjj-a2 ,apuleius1 #bbb-d2 ,lucian1 #bgg2 ,*ri/ *ild1 #cid2 ,cyprian1 #dbi-ca2 ,firmicus1 #ebe2 ,synesius1 #edj-a2 ,b$e1 #fcd-e2 ,rasis1 #ffg2 ,g]b]t1 #gjd2 ,con/ant9us1 #gdd2 ,dun/an1 #ggc2 ,m>bod1 #gge ,eel1 #dia ,egg1 %ell1 #ed2 te/ ( fre%ness1 #ee2 made by hiss ( snakes1 #fg2 addl$ by c]ta9 m51 #hc2 s-call$1 ( al*emy1 #aih2 goose1 #bgg2 fill$ ) dye1 #dfg2 port5ts f1 #efb1 #ggc2 raw1 #gbi ,egypt1 #g-ad1 #bg-h1 #cj-a1 #aic-e1 #aih1 #bjf1 #bbh-cj1 #bci1 #bdh1 #bej1 #bhg1 #bhi1 #cjj1 #cbe1 #cca-d1 #cfj1 #cgf1 #cgi1 #cia1 #dad-f1 #dcj1 #dcg-h1 #ddf1 #dej1 #deb1 #dei1 #ejc1 #ebg1 #ecg1 #edc1 #eeh-fj1 #eih1 #gdd2 & see ,plagues ( ,egyptian ,days1 #ad1 *ap4 xxix1 #gbh ,el*asaites1 #cgc ,elections1 a/rological1 #cgb-c1 #chf1 #eag ,electrum1 #eij ,elem5ts1 v>i\s !ories (1 #be1 #aci1 #aeg1 #bah1 #bed1 #chb1 #djh1 #daj1 #dgh1 #dhe1 #dhh1 #ebh-i1 #fbb1 #fde1 #gbj2 n f\nd 9 a pure /ate1 #adj1 #dhi ,elephant1 intellig5ce (1 #gc1 #ge1 #afi1 #bah1 #bef1 #fcf2 habits1 #bac1 #cbb1 #cbd1 #ccb1 #dfj2 dissection (1 #adh2 comp>$ ) fly1 #djh2 :ite1 #gfc2 & see ,dragon = combat ) ,elephantiasis1 #eg1 #agj1 #egb ,eleus9ian my/]ies1 #aja1 #adh ,elijah1 #chf1 #eee ,elixir1 #fgj ,eloeus1 #cfe1 #cfg ,eloi1 #ehc ,elymas ! sorc]]1 #dfa ,elysian fields1 #bjg ,embalm+1 magic 91 #h ,embassy1 ( ,philo1 #cdi2 ,synesius1 #eda2 ,leo1 #eeg ,embryology1 see ,*ick1 ,*ild-bir? ,em]ald1 #dcd1 #fef1 #ggb ,emp]or1 ,roman1 #dg1 #ej1 #abd1 #abi-cj1 #ace1 #agf1 #ahf1 #aid1 #ebi2 & see names ( individual emp]ors ,empiric1 ,empirica1 ,empiricism1 #ef-g1 #aee-g1 #agb1 #gce1 #ged ,emp\sa1 #caj ,empyrean1 see ,heav5 ,enceladus1 #bed ,encyclop$ia1 anci5t1 #dc2 ,arabic1 #ffc2 m$ieval1 #eb1 #efi ,endor1 wit* (1 #che1 #ddh1 #dfd1 #dfi-ga1 #ejf1 #eji-aj1 #fbi1 #fce ,entrails1 see ,inte/9es1 ,liv] div9ation ,ephesus1 #bei-fb ,ephod1 #ddh ,epic1 #af1 #ah ,epicurean1 #ach1 #aej1 #bhc1 #djh1 #dda ,epidaurus1 #cbi ,epilepsy1 #fi1 #hg1 #ij1 #agc1 #bce1 #bch1 #ecf1 #egh-ha1 #fad1 #gbc1 #gbf1 #gcj1 #gce-f1 #ged-f1 #ggi ,epitome1 #die1 #eed-e1 #efh-i1 #eid1 #fjc;ff4 ,er1 vision (1 #bab ,eratao?1 a _s1 #cfg ,eretrians1 #bfj ,eridu1 #ae ,erig]on1 an h]b1 #hi ,ery/ion1 an h]b1 #eih ,ess5es1 #dje ,e!r1 #bed1 #cgc2 & see ,heav5 ,e?ics1 #fjb ,e?iopia & ,e?iopic1 #ada1 #bde1 #bef1 #bhc1 #cbg1 #cda1 #cde1 #cih1 #dce1 #dih1 #eed1 #eeh-fj1 #fed1 #feh1 #gdd ,etruscan1 #dfg1 #fcj ,etymology1 #fbe ,eu*>i/1 #cfi ,eucrates1 #bhj-a ,eug5ianus1 #acc ,eug5ics1 #dad ,eumeces1 a gem1 #ha ,euphrates1 a philosoph]1 #bdf1 #bec1 #bfc2 & see ,tigris- ,eu/a*ian tube1 #egf ,evangeli/s1 f\r1 #ejb1 #fgd1 #gba ,eve1 #cej1 #eaa1 #fha ,evil1 problem (1 #cje1 #cji1 #cdi2 eye1 see ,fasc9ation ,evolution1 doctr9e (1 #adi1 #dic ,ewe hop plant1 #gbb ,excommunication1 #edb ,excrem5t1 human1 #gd1 #adc1 #egc2 & see ,dung ,ex]cise1 physical1 #ehg ,exorcism1 #ah1 #bd1 #bhj1 #bii1 #cfh1 #chf1 #dce1 #ecc-d1 #fhb1 #gbb ,exp]i5ce1 ,exp]im5t1 ,exp]im5tal me?od1 & magic1 #eg1 #dca-b1 #ddg1 #dfi1 #edj2 9 ,pl9y1 #ec-g1 #hc1 #hh2 ,ptolemy1 #ajf-g2 ,gal51 #aah1 #aba1 #add-fc1 #afi1 #agc1 #age1 #agi2 ,vitruvius1 #ahg2 ,h]o1 #aij2 ,greek al*emi/s1 #aih2 ,plut>*1 #bac2 ,apuleius1 #bcg2 ,simon ,magus1 #dbj-b2 ,firmicus1 #ecb2 po/-classical m$ic9e1 #efi1 #egc1 #egh-hj1 #ehc-g2 ,dioscorides1 #fjf2 ,mac]1 #fae2 ,arabic1 #fdd-f1 #feg1 #ffi2 e>ly m$ieval m$ic9e1 #gcd-e1 #gch1 #gec-d2 arts & al*emy1 #gfb1 #gfe-gj2 & see ,empiric1 ,obs]vation ,eye compla9ts & cures1 #ef1 #hb1 #hg1 #ih1 #aff1 #age1 #bhi1 #cbe1 #dij1 #dif1 #ecf1 #ehf1 #ehi-ij1 #fdj1 #fgj1 #gbj1 #gee1 #ggi2 evil1 see ,fasc9ation ,eyebr[1 #aea1 #aei1 #age ,eyela%1 #ib1 #aea ,facies1 a/rological1 #gaj1 #gaf ,fai?1 requisite 9 magic1 #fdd ,fal]nian w9e1 #acb1 #ehf ,famili> _s1 see ,_s ,family1 #cjj ,fam9e1 #fjc ,fasc9ation1 #ga1 #hc1 #bag1 #bid1 #cbd ,fa/+1 #gh1 #hb1 #ic1 #agd1 #eic1 #gje ,fat1 #fg1 #ia1 #acj1 #afh1 #gee ,fate1 #aha1 #bdj1 #cjf1 #caj1 #cae-f1 #cec1 #cge1 #fbj ,fates1 ?ree1 #baj1 #efe ,fau/1 ,fau/us1 or ,fau/9ianus1 #djd1 #djf1 #dac1 #dag ,fea!r1 #gj1 #bcf ,fee1 physician's1 #fgj1 #fhd1 #fhh1 #gdj ,f5nel1 #gbb2 ta/$ by snake1 #gd1 #dij1 #fbf ,f]n1 #hj1 #gfi ,fe/ival1 #bb1 #ajg ,fev]1 #ah1 #di1 #fe-f1 #ga1 #hi1 #ia1 #ada1 #ecf1 #efi1 #ege1 #ffh1 #gbj1 #gbg1 #gei2 & see ,qu>tan1 ,t]tian ,fibula1 #cja ,fifty1 #cef1 #chc ,fig-tree1 see ,bull1 tam$ by ,figure1 #gji-aj2 human1 #gbc2 & see ,image1 ,mannik91 ,/atue ,fili1 ,iri%1 #fdj ,f+]1 middle1 #ehi1 #eib2 use ( two1 #ehc ,fire1 ! elem5t1 #hh1 #bbi1 #caj1 #dag2 m>vel\s1 #beb1 #bef1 #cfh2 at ,rome 9 #aib ,a4 ,d41 #abe1 #acd2 univ]sal1 #ajd2 n burn$ by1 #daf ,fire eng9e1 #aib ,firmam5t1 see ,heav52 ,wat]s above ! ,fir/-born1 #eha ,fi%1 #cj1 #di1 #gd1 #gg1 #bah1 #bcf-g1 #bfj1 #cbe-f1 #dfi1 #ehi1 #fcf1 #feg1 #gef ,five1 #ib1 #afi1 #ceg1 #chc1 #eij ,flea1 #fje ,float1 #aib ,flood1 #af1 #cdj1 #dge1 #dic ,florilegia1 #fah ,fluxion1 #ehc ,fly1 insect1 #gf1 #age1 #djh ,fly+1 #cig2 ( ,simon ,magus1 #daf-g1 #dbb-g ,foam1 ( snake1 #fg2 horse1 #gj1 #hf1 #ehi ,folk-lore1 #cjj1 #efg1 #ehg1 #gbb-c1 #gcb ,foot1 #ehj2 & see ,b>efoot ,=m1 #dhg1 #edb ,fossil %ells1 #dic ,fotis1 #bbi ,f\nta91 m>vel\s1 #ajb1 #cah1 #cdg1 #edf1 #gfi ,f\r1 #ia1 #cef1 #fgd-e1 #gbh1 #gfg ,fox1 #hj1 #hi1 #ij1 #afh1 #dij ,frankl91 ,b5jam91 #dad ,fr$]ick ,i1 ,b>b>ossa1 emp]or1 #dgg ,free-,masonry1 #ahc ,free w1 see ,w ,fr5zy1 #gee ,frog1 #fh1 #hj1 #ij1 #ib1 #aei1 #afh1 #bca1 #dia1 #ejh1 #ehh1 #eia1 #fef ,fruit1 #he1 #adb1 #eii1 #gbd ,fumigation1 #fi1 #bhb1 #eab1 #gdj1 #ggi ,fun]al1 #bad ,furnace1 #ha1 #cic1 #dcd1 #feg1 #gfd ,future life1 #h1 #be1 #dg2 & see ,s\l1 immortality ( ,gabriel1 angel1 #cdc1 #cfg1 #ddg1 #deb1 #ded ,gagates1 a gem1 #aed1 #die1 #gbd1 #ggi ,gaia ,seia1 #eii ,galactis1 #bid ,galactites1 #cbi ,gall1 #fh1 #ga1 #ehg1 #gbf1 #gfd-f ,gall nut1 #dfg ,games1 ,greek national1 #ahf1 #bja ,ganges1 #beh ,g>amantica1 a gem1 #ig ,g>lic1 #bac1 #gbb ,gas1 #ee1 #adb ,gate1 city1 #eia1 #fjj ,gaud5tius1 #djd ,gaul1 #df1 #gf1 #ib1 #efh1 #eig1 #fgb1 #ggf2 & see ,druid ,gazelle1 #fh1 #gj1 #hg ,geh5na1 #cfg ,gem1 ,assyrian1 #bj2 ,pl9y1 #fh1 #gj-a1 #hj-a2 ,apollonius1 #bed-h2 ,orphic1 #bic-f2 ,gno/ic1 #bg1 #cgh-hj2 ,pseudo-,plut>*1 #baf2 ,sol9us1#cbh-i2 ,/4 ,john &1 #cih2 ,orig51 #dfj2 ,epiphanius1 #die-f2 ,augu/9e1 #eaa2 9 m$ic9e1 #eij2 ,pseudo-,dioscorides1 #faa1 #fed2 ,geoponica1 #fje2 ,isidore1 #fbf-g2 f\nd 9 animals1 #ge1 #bid1 #fjc1 #gcg1 #gdj1 #gee1 #ggb1 #ggi2 ,m>bod1 *ap1 xxxiv2 & see ,consecration2 ,image1 engrav$ on2 & names ( individual gems ,g5ealogical table1 #fbd ,g5]ation1 spontane\s1 #hf1 #bai1 #bch1 #cbd1 #eji1 #eaa2 ( v>i\s animals1 #djh-i1 #dfj2 9 fire1 #ajb1 #cbd2 human1 #baa2 & corruption1 #baj2 rul$ by />s1 #ig2 organs (1 us$ 9 magic1 #aa1 #fh-i1 #cef2 & see ,*ild-bir?1 ,conception1 ,eug5ics1 ,private p>ts ,g5e?lialogy1 #aae1 #bgc1 #cec1 #dab1 #def1 #eac1 #eag1 #efj1 #fbb1 #fbi1 #gjc1 #gjh1 #gha ,g5ius1 see ,_s1 ord]s ( ,g5tiles1 #dgi1 #fgd1 #gga ,geoc5tric !ory1 #cb1 #aje1 #dhh ,geography1 discuss$ by ,pl9y1 #dc-d2 ,ptolemy1 #aje-g2 ,philo/ratus1 #bdd2 ,sol9us1 #cbg2 o!r anci5t1 #dhh2 ,e?icus1 #fjj-d2 o!r m$ieval1 #gjg ,geology1 #dic ,geomancy1 #cad1 #cdc1 #fbi1 #fdh1 #fhe ,geometry1 #abb-c1 #abf1 #ahe1 #cah1 #ecf1 #edb1 #fai1 #ffc1 #gj ,g]>d1 ar*bi%op ( ,york1 #fhi1 #ghb ,g]m ( disease1 #bai ,g]man1 invad]s1 #adh1 #cea2 language1 #dih1 #gbh2 s*ol>%ip1 #ae-f1 #cj-a1 #cej1 #fhd ,g]many1 #de1 #eeg ,gho/1 #bcc1 #bfc1 #bhj1 #dee1 #edj1 #gje2 & see ,necromancy2 ,endor1 wit* ( ,giant1 #bed1 #djg1 #dcj ,girdle or ungird$1 #fi1 #hg1 #bhd1 #eab1 #eii ,girl1 magic p[] (1 #baf2 & see ,virg9 ,gi?rife1 an h]b1 #gbb ,gladiator1 #abd1 #adi1 #eha1 #fgc ,glass1 ,egyptian1 #ab2 ,roman1 #eij1 #gfb2 m$ieval1 #gbi1 #gfd-g2 gems (1 #gha2 & see ,/a9$ ,glaucon1 #adc1 #afa ,glossopetra1 a gem1 #ih ,glue1 #gfe ,gno/ic & ,gno/icism1 *ap4 xv1 #aig1 #baa1 #bij1 #bih1 #cje1 #cfj1 #cig1 #dje1 #daa1 #dgb1 #edg1 #ehd1 #ffa1 #gbj ,goat1 #fi1 #hg1 #acj1 #afh1 #bac1 #bah1 #bef1 #cbe1 #cfg1 #dfg1 #dij1 #eha-b1 #gbi1 #gee1 #gei1 #gfe-i2 & see ,adamant & blood ( ,goblet1 #beh ,god & gods1 antiquity ( belief 91 #e-f1 #bjc2 animal1 #ad1 #bhc1 #ejc2 cele/ial1 #ad1 #ag1 #be-f1 #bhi1 #cji1 #ecj2 & nature1 #dji2 & man1 #bjf1 #bjh1 #bed1 #bgd1 #daf2 & ,roman emp]ors1 #acj1 #ebi2 & art1 #dhf2 & magic1 #h1 #bcj1 #bce-f1 #bdi1 #cab1 #cbj1 #edc2 ,pl9y conc]n+1 #dg1 #ig2 ,s5eca1 #ajc2 ,gal51 #aci1 #aea1 #afg1 #ahj2 ,plut>*1 #baj2 ,gno/ic1 #cfb1 #cge2 ,*ri/ian attitude to pagan1 #cag2 ,firmicus1 #ebg-cj2 ,boe?ius1 #fba2 "n (1 #eii2 w+$1 #cja2 & see ,apollo & o!r individual names ( gods1 ,*ri/1 ,fir/ cause1 ,tr9ity1 etc4 ,goetia1 #bb1 #bdg1 #bej1 #eje ,gold1 #fi1 #gh-ha1 #bae1 #beg1 #cja1 #cbe1 #chf1 #eij1 #eii1 #gci1 #gee2 *ap4 xxxiii2 & see ,al*emy ,gonorrhoea1 #ecf ,goose1 #afh1 #cja ,gorgon1 #cja ,go?ic art1 #eja-b1 #gfa ,g\t1 #ha1 #adb1 #bgg1 #bhd1 #ega1 #ege1 #egi-ha1 #gee ,graft+1 #ee ,gra91 #cbe ,gramm>1 #ece1 #eif1 #fab1 #fbe ,gras%opp]1 #dia ,gravitation1 #dha ,greece & ,greek1 magic1 #bj-h1 #eh2 sci5ce1 #bh-cb1 #df-g1 #ea1 #fb1 #fd2 culture1 #bgd1 #bhc2 animals1 #gc2 language1 anci5t1 #aed1 #ahf1 #bbb-c1 #cgg1 #dbj2 language1 m$ieval1 #cca-b1 #fbe ,greek *ur*1 #cig1 #gce ,greek fire1 #bef-g ,griff91 #beg1 #cbe ,grimoald1 abbot1 #fac ,gro91 #ga1 #eij ,gr\nd1 see ,e>?1 ,und]gr\nd ,gruel1 #adb ,guadalquivir1 #bed ,gull1 #aei ,gum1 #dfh ,gyges1 #beg ,gymnosophi/s1 #bdg1 #bea1 #bfj1 #efd ,gynecology1 see ,wom51 diseases ( ,hades1 see ,und]world ,hadrian1 emp]or1 #acf1 #bjj1 #bdd1 #cah ,hail1 see ,wea!r ,hair1 #fi-gj1 #ha1 #aea1 #aei1 #agf1 #eha2 net1 #age1 #bac2 tonic1 #gch ,halcyon days1 #bee1 #dia ,halicacabum1 #gg ,halluc9ation1 #eji ,ham1 son ( ,noah1 fir/ magician1 #dad ,h&1 lay+ on (1 #chf2 & see ,left1 ,"r ,h&k]*ief1 #bac1 #chf ,hangman's noose1 #ga ,h>e1 #aei1 #afi1 #bec1 #ehj ,h>ewort1 #gbb ,h>p1 magic1 #ggc ,h>ran1 #ffa-b ,h>uspex1 #ie1 #ajd1 #eaa1 #eac1 #ecd1 #fbi ,ha?or goddesses1 #ad ,hatto1 bi%op ( ,vi*1 #gjd ,hawk1 #gd1 #cad1 #ccb1 #efa ,hawkwe$1 #gd1 #ccb ,hazel rod1 #gbe-f1 #gcj ,head1 habit ( incl9+1 #fei2 magical speak+1 #ffb1 #gje ,heada*e1 #ah1 #ga1 #ib1 #age1 #eia ,he>say1 #ehe ,he>t1 physiology (1 #cj1 #adf-i1 #aec1 #gcg2 us$ 9 m$ic9e & magic1 #gj1 #hi1 #gbg ,heat & ,hot1 #adj1 #adb1 #afa1 #age-f1 #aia2 & see ,qualities ,hea!n1 see ,pagan ,hea!rb]ry1 #gbb ,heav5 & ,heav5s1 "o or _m8 #af1 #cde1 #cfc1 #cfe1 #cgb1 #chb1 #dei1 #dhg-h1 #gji2 empyrean1 #dhd2 & see ,music ( sph]es1 ,/>1 ,univ]se1 ,wat]s above ! firmam5t ,hebdomad1 sacr$1 #af1 #cfe1 #chj ,hebrew1 #eed1 #egg-h1 #gji1 #gaa1 #gdi2 & see ,jew ,hecate1 #bae1 #bhj ,h$ge1 #ia ,h$ge-hog1 #cbe1 #ejb1 #gcd ,h$g]ife1 #gbb ,hel51 ,simon's1 #cfc-e ,hel5a1 empress1 #dgg ,hel5us1 se]1 #bid ,helioc5tric !ory1 #cb1 #ig ,heliotrope1 an h]b1 #fe1 #hg1 #fcf ,hell1 see ,und]world ,hellebore1 #gd1 #dij1 #fcf ,hell5e & ,hell5ism1 #bj-a1 #bde1 #eda ,hell5i/ic1 #af1 #bb1 #cj-b1 #ci1 #ea1 #ahc1 #ahi1 #bhh1 #bid ,hemlock1 ! poison1 #dij ,hemorrhage1 #ecf1 #egf ,h51 om5 f1 #bca ,h5bane1 #gbb ,h]a1 goddess1 #dbi ,h]acles1 #bea1 #edf1 #ehb ,h]acleidae1 #eda ,h]b1 ,egyptian1 #aj2 ,assyrian1 #ai-bj2 ,greek1 #bc2 ,cretan1 #abi2 sacr$1 #gf1 #agh2 ,anglo-,saxon1 #gbb2 ,pl9y1 #ed-g1 #fe-g1 #gf-i2 ,gal51 #aed1 #afg2 ,plut>*1 #bae-f2 ,apuleius1 #bbi2 ,orphic1 #bie-f1 #dbi-cj2 ,gno/ic1 #cga2 ,nectanebus1 #efa1 po/-classical m$ic9e1 #ehc1 #eia2 ,h]b>ium ( ,apuleius1 #eig-i2 ,pseudo-,dioscorides1 #fjf2 ,mac]1 #fad-e2 us$ by animals1 #cbd-e1 & see ,animals1 rem$ies employ$ by2 conjuration (1 #ehc2 pluck+ (1 #eg1 #fe1 #ic1 #afj1 #agc1 #beb1 #bia1 #ehc1 #fad1 #fbf1 #gba1 #gbd1 #gbg1 #gbi ,h]bal1 #eif-i ,h]bali/1 #gi1 #abh ,h]cules1 see ,h]acles ,h]$ity1 #ge1 #bec2 & see ,atavism ,h]efridus1 #fce ,h]esy1 *ap4 xv1 #dhh1 #did1 #ejg-h ,h]mesias1 a comp\nd1 #hd ,h]mog5es ! magician1 #dce ,h]o1 a k9d ( _s1 #ahj-a1 #cji-aj1 #dfi1 #edf ,h]od ! k+1 #dgc1 #dgi ,h]on1 #bah1 #cbd ,h9d1 #bgi1 #gba ,hippomanes1 #cbd ,hippopotamus1 #ge1 #afi ,hi/ory & ,hi/orians1 relation to ?is inve/igation1 #bja2 ,roman1 #ad1 #id1 #if1 #bja1 #fjb2 om5s & port5ts 91 #ad1 #fge2 attitude to1 ( ,empirics1 #aef2 ,vitruvius1 #ahe2 ,lucian1 #bhe-f2 ,cic]o1 #bgd2 ,horapollo1 #ccc-d2 ( m$ic9e1 #aec1 #aef1 #gce2 ( philosophy1 #ahj2 ( a/ronomy1 #ecg1 #gjg2 ( al*emy1 #aie2 ages (1 #chc1 #fdh1 #fge1 #gji2 a/rological int]pretation (1 see ,conjunctions1 ,planets1 ,magnus ,annus2 quantitative me?od & s\rce-analysis 91 #ecc;ff42 m$ieval attitude to1 #fag2 h>lequ9s (1 #cei ,holy ,gho/ or ,_s1 #cfc-d1 #cgb1 #cig1 #ddg ,holy salt1 #gbb1 #gbg ,holy waf]1 #gbi ,holy wat]1 #dcd1 #gba1 #gbd1 #gbg1 #gce ,honey1 #ff1 #fh1 #gj1 #gf1 #abi1 #adb1 #bbi1 #bie1 #eii2 ,attic & ,hymettus1 #acb ,honoratus1 #fch ,hoopoe1 #cbd ,horaeus1 #cfg ,horn1 #dif1 #ehf1 #eii1 #gbb2 magic dr9k+1 #aia1 #bee ,horoscope1 #ad1 #aae1 #bji1 #cae1 #eaf1 #ecb1 #efj1 #fcj ,horse1 #ee1 #gj1 #hf1 #afh1 #ehi1 #gbb1 #gcj1 #gfg2 & see ,m>e ,horus1 #aie ,h\r1 obs]vance (1 #gab1 #gad1 #gbf ,h\se1 a/rological1 #aad1 #cig ,h\sehold magic1 #i1 #fi2 & see ,door1 ,?re%old1 ,wall1 etc4 ,human body1 symmetry (1 #ahd1 #eai2 eight p>ts (1 #deb1 #gbj2 use ( p>ts (1 #fa1 #ha1 #afg1 #bbi1 #egc2 & see ,blood2 ,sacrifice1 human2 ,saliva1 ,sweat1 etc4 ,humanism1 #bj1 #cch ,humors1 #ecf1 #gch ,hyac9?1 a gem1 #dif1 #fef ,hydromancy1 #bcc1 #eje1 #fbi1 #ggi-hj ,hydromel1 #gi ,hydrophobia1 #ef1 #afi1 #aga1 #dif1 #egd2 & see ,dog1 mad ,hydroscope1 #edb ,hydro/atic balance1 #gfa ,hy5a1 #fg1 #fi-gj1 #ccb1 #cif1 #ehg1 #fje1 #gbh ,hymn1 #ah1 #bc1 #cag-h1 #cgd1 #dcc1 #dda1 #fdj ,hypatia1 #eda ,hyp]borean1 #bhj1 #dac ,hyphasis1 riv]1 #bef ,hyrcanian ,sea1 #dhh ,ialdabao?1 #cfg1 #chc ,iao1 ,iao?1 etc41 #cfg1 #cgi-hj1 #ehc ,i>*as ! ,brahman1 #bea;ff4 ,i*neumon1 #gd1 #bah1 #ege ,idolatry1 #dba1 #dcc1 #deb1 #dge1 #fjc2 & see ,image ,ikhnaton1 #i ,illum9at$ manuscripts1 #dih1 #ejb1 #edg1 #eig1 #fgf1 #gdf ,image1 engrav$ & a/rological1 #agc1 #bfg1 #bib1 #caf1 #ddc1 #egi1 #ehb1 #fde-f1 #ffd-f2 ,apuleius' wood51 #bcc2 ,egyptian mannik9s1 #h2 sacrificial1 #bfa2 my/ic seal1 #cfg1 #cgh1 #chb2 ( wax1 #aj1 #ai1 #be1 #efj-c2 o!r magic1 #aj1 #ai1 #bcf1 #bhj1 #cad1 #cdd1 #dda1 #gfi ,imag9ation1 p[] (1 #fdd1 #ffj ,iman1 doctr9e ( ! hidd51 #cef ,immortality1 see ,s\l ,impot5ce1 #cia ,incantation1 antiquity (1 #f2 ,egyptian1 #h1 #ab-d2 ,assyrian1 #ag-i2 9 ,pl9y1 #fi-gb1 #gi1 #hh1 #ib-d2 ,gal51 #aff1 #agc-d2 ,apuleius1 #bcj1 #bcc1 #bci2 o!r classical au?ors1 #be1 #bec1 #beg1 #bgi-ha1 #cad2 ,gno/ic1 #bii1 *ap4 xv2 ,jewi% & e>ly ,*ri/ian1 #ceb1 #cih1 #dah-i1 #dcg1 #ddb-c1 #ddi-ej1 #dfc1 #dib1 #eaj1 #eab2 pseudo-lit]ature & po/-classical m$ic9e1 #ecg1 #efj-a1 #efh1 #egc1 #egi-hc1 #ehh-ic1 #eih-i1 #fje2 ,arabic1 #fed-e2 e>ly m$ieval1 #eif1 #fbf-i1 #fge1 #fif2 9 m$ic9e1 *ap4 xxxi1 #ged1 #gei2 al*emy1 #gfi-gj2 old ,iri%1 #fdj2 & see ,words1 p[] ( ,inc5se1 #gbb ,ince/1 #dge1 #ged ,incubus1 #egd ,india1 *ap4 viii2 sci5ce (1 #ca2 drugs f1 #hd1 #acb2 home ( ,magi1 #dgf-g2 m>vels (1 #cbe-f1 #dif1 #efd1 #gef2 occult sci5ce (1 #feb-f1 #gaj1 #gfc2 miscellane\s1 #ejc1 #gdd ,indige/ion1 #ggi ,indu/ry1 & magic1 #ab1 *ap4 xxxiii ,infant1 exposure (1 #adg2 ailm5ts1 #fi1 #afi1 #fae ,ink1 invisible1 #dfg ,innoc5t ,,iii1 pope1 #gei ,insanity1 #baf1 #ecf1 #ehe1 #gee1 #ggi2 & see ,fr5zy1 ,lunacy1 etc4 ,insomnia1 #ij ,in/rum5ts1 sci5tific1 #ajg1 #gea2 & see ,musical ,int5t1 z a factor 9 magic1 #fdd-f ,int]rogations1 a/rological1 #gac-d ,inte/9es1 #hg-h1 #age1 #dji1 #dad1 #eib ,inv5tions1 #dd1 #adi1 #ahg-i1 #dbf1 #fjd ,invisible1 to become1 #ga1 #bea1 #daf1 #efb1 #fch1 #fdj2 writ+1 #bfe ,invocation1 see ,necromancy & ,_s ,iris1 #acb ,iron1 magic use (1 #ff1 #fi-ga1 #ha1 #hi1 #bac1 #gfe1 #gfi2 taboo (1 #gh1 #ha1 #ib1 #fad2 oxide (1 #acj2 qu5*+ hot1 #gac1 #gef ,isaac ! patri>*1 #dcg ,i%maelite1 #gaa ,isis1 goddess1 #aie1 #bbc1 #bhj1 #cjj1 #edf1 #eei ,isl&1 float+1 #ajb ,ismuc1 #ahc ,israel1 twelve tribes (1 #die ,i/ria1 #fja-b ,itacius1 bi%op1 #cha ,italian ,r5aissance1 see ,r5aissance ,italians & ,italy1 #ahd1 #eeg ,iunx1 #bfe-g ,ivory1 #cja1 #eii ,ivy1 #gfg-h ,jacob ! patri>*1 #ced1 #ceh1 #ddd2 & ,esau1 #cfi1 #dgi1 #ead ,jambres1 ,jamnes1 or ,jannes1 ! magician1 #ei1 #dca1 #dfa ,james1 bro!r ( ,jesus1 #cib1 #dja1 #djc1 #dje ,james ! ,great1 ,/41 #dcd-f ,jannes ! magician1 see ,jambres ,j>$1 & magic1 #dae ,jasp]1 #bid1 #egb ,jaundice1 #di1 #bag1 #ecf ,jeal\sy1 see ,animal1 & ,pr(essions1 le>n$ ,j]emiah1 leg5d (1 #cii ,j]usalem1 #cic1 #cii1 #dae1 #dbc1 #dgg ,jesus1 see ,*ri/ ,jew & ,jewi%1 #bai1 #dcd1 #dcf1 #dfe1 #dgd-e1 #ehc1 #gdf1 #gfb1 #ggc1 #gha2 magic1 #ei1 #dcg-i1 #ddi2 religion1 #acg2 tradition1 #dgc ,jewelry1 #cja2 & see ,gem ,john ! ,bapti/1 #cfd1 #gcg ,john1 duke ( ,campania1 #eeg ,jona?an1 #dga ,joseph ! patri>*1 8 coat ( _m colors1 #ceb1 #ceh2 div9+ cup1 #chf2 dream1 #ced1 #ceh1 #che ,joseph1 fa!r ( ,jesus1 #cic ,joseph1 m5tion$ by ,epiphanius1 #dcd ,judea1 see ,pale/9e ,judas ,isc>iot1 #cia ,juggl]1 #bcj1 #cab-c1 #ceb1 #dcg ,juliana ,anicia1 #fjf ,juno1 goddess1 #edf ,jupit]1 planet1 #ig1 #ahd ,ju/9a1 #dca-c ,k>nak1 #eei ,khrgeh1 #eei ,kid1 #cic ,kidney1 #bid ,k+1 pr$iction =1 #ag1 #ff2 to ga9 favor (1 #ai1 #fg1 #ga1 #hi1 #bid2 magic p[] (1 #hc1 #dgf1 #dgi2 & al*emy1 #ac1 #aie ,kiss1 #hh1 #cia1 #ehi ,knife1 #ede1 #gbb1 #gbg2 surgical1 #adi ,knot1 9 div9ation1 #g2 o!r magic1 #ai1 #be1 #ff1 #fi1 #ga1 #eib1 #ffa ,kruno1 a />1 #cdf ,lab>tu1 #ah ,laboratory1 #bbh ,lac$aemon1 #dbi1 #fjb ,ladd]1 #cfh ,laelius1 #bgd ,lamb1 #efa1 #gfi ,lamia1 #bfc ,lamp1 #abi1 #chj2 exp]im5t )1 #ee2 inext+ui%able1 m>vel\s1 etc41 #aib1 #bad1 #bca1 #bci2 & see ,c&le ,l& & wat] on e>?'s surface1 #ed1 #aje1 #bed1 #dhh ,language ( birds & bea/s1 le>n+1 #beg1 #bfa1 #bid-e1 #dcj ,laodicea1 ungu5t (1 #acc ,l>1 #hj1 #edf ,las]1 a simple1 #hc ,laurel1 #bbi1 #cbd1 #ccb1 #dbd1 #ega1 #ehh ,lav9ian grove1 #cbf ,law1 & magic1 #b1 #f1 #ie2 ,roman1 #afg-h1 #bbd1 #bcc-d1 #bgg1 #ebg1 #efh2 ( nature1 #bgb1 #cej1 #ecj-a2 ,mosaic1 #cie1 #dei2 national1 #cgf2 e>ly ,g]man1 #eic2 a m$ieval lawsuit1 #fhh ,lead1 #feg1 #geg1 #gfd2 application (1 #egd1 #eij2 glaz+1 #gfb2 tablets1 #bh1 #cff1 #gbd ,leaves1 fall+1 effect on dreams1 #bjf ,lebadea1 #bdi ,lection>y1 #dgf ,lecture-notes1 #acd ,lee*1 #gbd ,left1 h& etc4 us$ or pref]r$1 #fe-f1 #gh1 #hb1 #hh1 #ij1 #ib1 #agc1 #baf1 #bca1 #cbe1 #ccb1 #ehj1 #ehc1 #eia-b1 #gbb1 #gbf ,leg5ds ( sa9ts1 *aps4 xvi1 xviii1 #fcg2 & see names ( individuals ,legislation1 #b1 #be1 #ei1 #ie1 #abf1 #aid1 #bic1 #dae1 #eje2 & see ,law ,l5tils1 #cfi ,lemnos1 #acj-b1 #aed1 #bdb1 #bfd ,l5t1 #fgh ,leop>d1 #bef ,leprosy1 #aga1 #bai1 #cij1 #cib1 #ecf ,lett]1 see ,alphabet1 ,v[el ,lettuce1 #fci ,lev]1 #aib ,levia?an1 #cdf-g1 #cfg ,levitation1 #bea-b1 #cid1 #dbg ,libanotis1 an h]b1 #die ,libation1 #dca ,libr>ies1 anci5t1 #ae1 #bg1 #abe1 #acd-e2 m$ieval1 #fag-h1 #gdc ,ligatures & susp5sions1 #fe1 #fh1 #gj-b1 #hj1 #hi-ij1 #id1 #agc1 #age1 #bjd1 #bgi1 #bid1 #egb1 #egi1 #eia1 #eih1 #faa1 #fad1 #fed-f1 #gbf1 #gbi-cj1 #gdj1 #gee-f1 #gei2 condemn$1 #eab1 #fcj ,light1 #aia1 #dhh1 #gbj2 & see ,radiation ,lightn+1 #ga1 #ie1 #ajb1 #gch ,ligu/icum1 #fac ,l cures l1 #fh1 #hf1 #id ,lily1 #fh ,l951 use (1 #hh1 #ij1 #bcj1 #bdi1 #bfj1 #cgh1 #efj1 #eha1 #eih ,l9im5t1 #ehf ,lion1 habits & traits1 #gd1 #bef1 #cai1 #cbf1 #ccb1 #cfg1 #cid1 #fcf2 ro> (1 #dia2 use ( p>ts (1 #fg1 #gj1 #afh1 #bgi1 #gbf1 #gee2 :elps (1 #bee1 #dia2 am\rs ( lioness1 #gd2 figure (1 #ehb2 made by magic1 #bae2 lion-fac$1 #cfd ,lip>aios1 a gem1 #bie ,litany1 #gba ,liturgy1 #cih1 #dgf ,liv]1 disease1 #ecf1 #eia2 div9ation1 #ag1 #be1 #bdi1 #bgb1 #cac1 #cah1 #dcj1 #deh1 #dff ,liz>d1 #fh1 #ib1 #bch1 #cbd1 #did1 #egd1 #eha1 #ehi-ia ,logic1 #aed-e1 #aeg-i2 magic1 #aj-a1 #gb1 #bad ,logos1 doctr9e (1 #cej ,loigaire1 k+1 #fdj ,lollianus ,avitus1 #bbc ,lollianus ,mavortius1 #ebe;ff41 #ecg ,longevity1 #ada1 #agj1 #agf1 #bjg1 #ecg ,look+ ar\nd1 #eia ,loos+ bonds1 etc41 #bfe1 #daf1 #ddi1 #ggi ,"l's ,pray]1 #eih1 #gba1 #gbd-f1 #gbi-cj1 #gcf ,lot-ca/+1 #gg1 #aab1 #eci1 #gbg2 & see ,geomancy & ,sortes sanctorum 7o!r index7 ,lotapes1 a magician1 #ei ,lot's wife1 #ehc ,love *>ms & potions1 #bb1 #gf1 #id1 #bja1 #bae1 #bag1 #bcf1 #beh1 #bie1 #cfh1 #cgj ,lucif]1 #fcf ,lucius1 h]o ( ,gold5 ,ass1 *ap4 vii ,lucius ,v]us1 emp]or1 #abd ,lucullus1 #id1 #bja ,lumbago1 #ij1 #age ,luna1 goddess1 #bcf1 #dag2 & see ,hel51 ,simon's ,lunacy1 #ecf1 #gbg1 #ged2 & see ,insanity ,lung1 #adh1 #ecf1 #gbg ,lup91 #gbb ,lu!ran1 #ddg ,ly*nis & ,ly*nites1 a gem1 #beg1 #bie ,lycia1 #aed1 #cbe1 #gfe ,lycurgus1 #bhc ,lynx1 #ha1 #cbe1 #fbj ,lyre1 #cef ,mac$on1 #bgh1 #efj ,ma*9e1 #ahb1 #ahg2 & see ,me*anical ,ma]otis1 lake1 #cdi ,magi1 9 ,pl9y1 #fd-gb1 #hj1 #hd2 ( ,p]sia & ! ea/1 #bbh1 #bce-f1 #bdg1 #bej1 #bff1 #bie1 #ceb1 #daf1 #dej1 #gfc2 :o came to ! ,*ri/ *ild1 #cgb1 #cif1 #ddc-d1 #dga-i1 #ejf1 #eah-i1 #gcj ,magic 7only lead+ passages :]e magic 9 g5]al is discuss$ "u t "n are "h includ$71 prelim9>y def9ition1 #d-f2 primitive1 #e-f2 ,egyptian1 #g-ab2 ,babylonian & ,assyrian1 #ae-i1 #cc2 ,greek & ,roman1 #bj-h2 ,pl9y1 #dd1 #eh-fd2 ,plut>*1 #bjc2 ,apuleius1 #bcd-g2 ,philo/ratus1 #bdg-ej2 ,neo-,platoni/s1 #bii-cjj2 ,eno*1 #cdc2 ,philo1 #ceb2 h]etics & ,gno/ics1 #cfa2 *ur* fa!rs1 #dad-bj1 *ap4 xix1 #dff-i1 *ap4 xxii2 ,nectanebus1 #efj2 ,isidore1 #fbh-cj2 ,alk9di1 #fdc-f2 z an art or discipl9e1 #cab1 #dbj1 #ddc2 relation to sci5ce & m$ic9e1 #fj-fd1 #bcf1 #cab1 #ccj1 #dcb1 #eaa1 #ecd-e1 #fdd2 use ( mat]ials1 #fe-gj1 #dda1 #ejh2 proc$ure1 #fh-ga1 #ejf2 false & illusive1 #fa1 #dah1 #dbc-d1 #dca-b1 #ddj1 #dfd-h1 #eji2 evil & crim9al1 #fa-b1 #cac1 #cdd1 #cgg1 #dca-b1 #dci1 #eje1 #eci1 #edc2 good or natural1 #bce1 #ceb2 m>vel\s results1 #ff-g1 #gj-a1 #ejf2 reality (1 #ejf2 hi/ory (1 #eh-i1 #dad-e1 #fbh-i2 immunity f1 #ddj1 #ddh-i ,magnet1 #ha1 #he1 #bac1 #dfi1 #eaa1 #eha1 #fcf1 #fdd1 #feg1 #ffh1 #gfe1 #ghj ,magnus annus1 #bf1 #ahj1 #baj1 #ccc1 #cgb1 #chd1 #def1 #edc ,majoram1 #dij ,maleficium1 #bcd-e1 #cha1 #ejf1 #fjc1 #fbi ,mambres1 a magician1 #dfa ,mana1 #f ,m&aeans1 #chc-d1 #dej ,m&ragora1 #bb1 #bca1 #beh1 #eig1 #fjg1 #fbf1 #gdj ,manes1 a k9d ( spirits1 #edf ,manes or ,mani1 f\nd] ( ,mani*eism1 & ,mani*eism1 #cha-b1 #cih1 #dji1 #eac ,mansions ( moon or sun1 #fic1 #gac1 #gae ,mantike1 #bei2 & see ,div9ation ,manuscripts1 ( ,pl9y1 #ea-b2 ,ptolemy1 #ajf1 #ajh-aj2 ,gal51 #acd-e2 ,g5tile da ,foligno1 #afd2 ,greek al*emy1 #aid-f2 ,apuleius1 #bda2 ,aelian1 #cbb2 ,sol9us1 #cbf-h2 ,h]mes & ,eno*1 #bia1 #cdj2 ,mani*ean1 #chc2 ,apocrypha1 #chg-i2 ,recognitions1 #dja;ff42 ,basil & ,ambrose1 #dhd2 ,physiologus1 #dih;ff42 ,firmicus1 #ecb2 & ,book ,,iii passim ,maps1 #ajg1 #aad1 #gjg ,m>ble1 #gbi ,m>cus ,aurelius1 emp]or1 #abd-e1 #acj1 #adh ,m>cus ! h]etic1 #cfi-gj ,m>cus ( ,memphis1 #cha ,m>e1 #hg1 #cbd1 #ccb1 #eaa ,m>9us1 duke ( ,campania1 #eeg ,m>ket-place1 magic (1 #dcg1 #ddj ,m>riage1 #fhe1 #fhh ,m>s1 planet1 #gh1 #ig1 #ahd ,m>si1 #agb1 #eaa ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs1 ,/41 #cha ,m>tyr & ,m>tyrdom1 #dbh1 #dcc1 #eab1 #eee ,m>y ,magdal5e1 #cfd ,m>y1 ,virg91 #cij1 #gbd ,mass1 sacram5t (1 #ac1 #gbb ,ma!matical me?od1 #ajg ,ma!matics1 #aed1 #ece-f ,ma!maticus1 #dfd1 #eac1 #ecb1 #ecd1 #fcb1 #gag1 #gha ,ma!sis1 #daa1 #fcb1 #gjd ,matt]1 #aaa1 #aii1 #cje1 #cji1 #cdi1 #dhg1 #edb1 #fdc1 #gfc ,mavortius1 see ,lollianus ,maximilian ,,ii1 emp]or1 #fjg ,maximus1 emp]or1 #cha ,meal1 #cad2 ev5+1 #dhb ,measles1 #ffh ,measurem5t1 #add2 & see ,in/rum5ts1 ,"t ,meat (f]$ to idols1 #deb ,mecca1 #ccg ,me*anical devices & toys1 #afg1 #dbf2 ,appli$ ,sci5ce2 see ,bird1 me*anical2 ,ma*9e ,m$e & ,m$ea1 #ba1 #fe1 #bae1 #bie1 #cbd1 #cbi1 #ghj ,m$ic9e1 *aps4 iv1 v1 xxxi1 xxxii1 #bhi1 #ece-f1 #edb2 ,egypt1 #aj-b2 ,babylonian & ,assyrian1 #ah2 & magic1 #be1 #gj1 & see ,magic2 ,pl9y1 #gb2 ,greek1 #cah2 ,apuleius1 #bba1 #bcg2 ,brahmans1 #beb-c2 ,lucian1 #bgi1 #bhd2 ,sol9us1 #cbi2 *ur* fa!rs & !ologians1 #dfj-c1 #eic1 #fag2 & see ,animal1 rem$ies employ$ by2 ,a/rological2 ,comp\nd2 ,disease2 ,hi/ory2 ,ph>macy2 ,poison2 ,simple2 etc4 ,m$ic9e man1 #e1 #bbg ,m$9et ,habu1 #eei ,m$ium1 #big1 #dfg ,m$ulla1 #ffj ,mela1 see ,taxo ,melan*oly1 #acg1 #ecf1 #gef ,melant]ia1 #acb ,melo!sia1 #gab ,memory1 #cjc1 #ffj ,memphis1 #aih1 #dcj ,m5&] ! h]etic1 #cfh1 #dba ,m5ippus1 #bfc ,m5/rual fluid1 #hb1 #cfi1 #egc ,m]*ant1 #bad1 #bde1 #gaj ,m]cury1 god1 #bcc1 #bcf1 #fcj1 & see ,h]mes2 metal1 #gfd1 & see ,quicksilv]2 planet1 #cah1 #chc ,m]o1 a wit*1 #bbf ,m]ov+ian1 #faf1 #fgb ,mesraim1 fir/ magician1 #dad ,messiah1 #cee1 #chc ,mess9a1 #dde1 #gaj ,metal & ,metallurgy1 #dd1 #ajb1 #aih1 #cdf1 #dfc1 #gfg2 & see ,al*emy2 ,planets &2 & ! names ( individual metals ,metamorphosis1 see ,trans=mation ,meteor1 #ajc ,meteorology1 #dd1 #fcf ,me?odism1 9 m$ic9e1 #aee1 #gce ,mi*ael1 an angel1 #cfg1 #ddg1 #deb ,mi*ael1 bi%op ( ,t>azona1 #feb ,microcosm1 #chb1 #daa1 #ecj1 #fcc1 #gji1 #gab ,midday1 see ,noon ,middle ,ages1 influ5ce 91 ( ,pl9y1 #ea-c1 #ef1 #gc1 #he1 #eie1 #fbh1 #fce2 ,s5eca1 #ajj2 ,ptolemy1 #aji2 ,gal51 #afa1 #ahj1 #egb-d2 ,h]o1 #ahh2 ,de placitis philosophorum1 #ahj2 ,apollonius1 #bfg2 ,sol9us1 #cbf2 e>ly ,*ri/ian lit]ature1 #cch2 ,eno*1 #cdj-b2 ,philo1 #cea2 ,apocrypha1 #chi-ij2 ,simon ,magus1 #dbg2 leg5ds ( sa9ts1 #dce2 ,basil1 #dhd2 ,physiologus1 #dig;ff42 ,augu/9e1 #ejd2 ,alex&] leg5d1 *ap4 xxiv2 po/-classical m$ic9e1 #ega1 #egf-h1 #ehd2 ,e?icus1 #fja-d2 ,dioscorides1 #fjf-ab2 ,boe?ius1 #fah-bj2 ,isidore1 #fbc1 #fcj-a2 ,arabic le>n+1 #fdf1 #ffc1 *ap4 xxx1 #gcb2 ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 #gdc1 #ged2 ,greek le>n+1 #gcd2 & see ,classical h]itage2 ,greek1 m$ieval2 ,textual hi/ory2 ,translation ,midnight1 #bdh ,milan1 #dgg ,mildew1 #hj ,milesian tales1 #bbe ,milk1 c['s1 #bbi1 #bie2 woman's1 #hb1 #age1 #ehg1 #gbi1 #gei1 #gfc2 o!r1 #gba1 #gfg ,milk-/one1 #bid ,milo1 #ggi ,milt1 see ,sple5 ,m9d1 #baj1 #eca1 #fed ,m9e & ,m9+1 #acb1 #adb1 #cdd ,m9]alogy1 #fjf ,m9]va1 #gi ,m9otaur1 #fjc1 #fcf ,m9t1 wild1 #eg ,miracle1 #h1 #cbg1 #eda1 #fcg1 #fhf2 di/+ui%$ f magic1 #bdb1 #bfe1 #chg-h1 #dag1 #dcg-i1 #dfe1 #eje2 by h]etics1 #ejg-h ,mirror1 #ahj1 #bcf1 #dag1 #dfh1 #fdd2 & see ,div9ation by poli%$ surfaces1 ,optics ,missal1 #gei ,misy1 #acb ,mi/letoe1 #bc1 #gi ,mi?ra1 #cfh1 #dbi ,mi?rob>zanes1 a magician1 #bha 8,mod]n10 #gag ,mohamm$ & ,mohamm$an1 #aci1 #ccg1 #cef1 #dde1 ,*ap4 xxviii1 #fhh ,mole1 #fc1 #fg1 #gj1 #hj-a1 #hh1 #dji1 #did1 #ehg ,mona/]y1 ,mona/icism1 & ,monk1 #eje1 #fcg-i1 #fgi ,monkey1 #adh ,monreale1 #dbg ,mon/]1 #fbg ,mont1 temple (1 #eei ,monta/]1 an h]b1 #eih ,monte ,cass9o1 #eig1 #faj1 #gdc;ff4 ,mon?1 specifi$1 #ehe1 #ehh1 #eij1 #fgf1 #fhe-i1 #gbh1 #gcg1 #ggd2 & see ,moon1 obs]vance ( ,montpelli]1 #aji1 #gda ,monum5t1 #efe ,moon1 address$1 #gbg2 affect$ by magic1 #bjc1 #bbe1 #bhj1 #cjh1 #dfh1 #dib2 controls g5]ation & corruption1 #baj1 #bai1 #ced1 #fcc1 #gjh2 day ( !1 #gi1 #egb1 *ap4 xxix2 duration (1 #ahj1 #gjb2 & ,ea/]1 #eba2 obs]vance (1 #fi-ga1 #gh1 #hj1 #ij-a1 #ih1 #agh1 #baf1 #bhc1 #cbb1 #cbd1 #ccc1 #cfd1 #eci1 #ehj1 #ehb1 #eij-b1 #eih-i1 *ap4 xxix1 #gbj1 #gbd1 #gbi1 #gef1 #ghj2 relation to o!r planets & to ! signs1 #agi1 #baa2 spots on1 #ced2 size (1 #dhh2 & see ,ble$+1 ,luna1 ,sel5e1 ,tide ,moon-e>?1 #gfe ,moon-god1 #chb ,moon-/one1 #bej ,moon-tree1 #efd ,moraliz+1 #aja1 #dij1 #fch ,mort>1 p\nd$ 9 a1 #hb1 #gfe ,mortu>y magic1 #h-i ,mosaic1 #cfg1 #dbg1 #gfd ,mosaic law1 see ,law ,moses1 see o!r index ,"m1 goddess or ,great1 #baf1 #cfj ,m\se1 #bc1 #hj1 #aff1 #age1 #bac1 #cbe1 #dia1 #ehg1 #gcg2 field-1 #ih1 #bgi2 %rew-1 #gf1 #hf1 #hh ,m\nta91 m>vel\s1 #cdf-g2 magnetic1 #gef2 affect$ by magic1 #bbf1 #daf ,mule1 #hh1 #ahc1 #cij1 #ehi1 #gcf ,mulle91 #dij ,muscle1 #ade1 #aej1 #ehj ,muses1 #cga ,mu%room1 #bai ,music1 #cai1 #cbe1 #ecd1 #fai1 #gdd2 & magic1 #f2 & m$ic9e1 #abd2 & ar*itecture1 #ahe2 ( ! sph]es1 #bf1 #ahd1 #aic1 #cga1 #dhg1 #edd1 #fbb ,mutton-fat1 #gbb ,myc5aean art1 #cja ,myriog5esis1 #ecg ,myrmecia1 a gem1 #aff ,myrrh1 #ehf1 #gfe ,mysia1 #baf ,my/]ies1 #aci1 #baf1 #bba1 #bbc1 #bdc1 #bde1 #bdh1 #cag1 #cfj-a1 #cfh1 #cgg1 #dbh-i2 & see ,eleusis1 ,mi?ra ,my/icism1 #baa1 #bed-e1 #fgg1 #gfc ,my?ology1 & magic1 #h1 #ba2 & a/rology1 #af1 #bhb-c2 miscellane\s1 #baa1 #bae1 #bhb1 #bid1 #cbg1 #djg1 #dae-f1 #ede-f1 #fbj ,nail1 metal1 #gh1 #ha1 #hg1 #ij1 #bhj1 #eha1 #gbb ,nail p>+s1 toe & f+]1 #ga1 #eha ,names1 see ( ,*ri/ & ,god1 & ,words1 p[] ( ,nannacus1 see ,annacus ,n>d1 #afi ,nativities1 #be1 #ie1 #ajd1 #aae1 #ahe1 #dga1 #eei-fj1 #fcb1 #fgi1 #gab ,nature1 ,pl9y on1 #db1 #df-g2 ,s5eca1 #aja2 ,gal51 #aej-a2 z a tea*]1 #aee2 ,plut>*1 #baj2 9 contra/ to fate1 #cge ,neck1 /iff1 #gcg ,necromancy1 #ba1 #aig1 #bbh1 #bcc1 #bfd1 #bgj1 #bhj1 #cjj1 #dai1 #dff1 #eci1 #fbi1 #gje2 z pro( ( immortality1 #daf2 relation to sci5ce1 #gdd ,nectabis1 #dfc ,nectanebo or ,nectanebus1 *ap4 xxiv1 #cia1 #dfc1 #eaf1 #gjd ,ne$le1 copp]1 #eij2 eye (1 #cif ,nektanebes1 ,nekht-,h>-ehbet1 ,nekhte-neb(1 #eeh-i2 & see ,nectanebus ,neo-,lat91 #gcb1 #geg ,neo-,platonism1 *ap4 xi1 #aaf1 #bjh1 #bif-g1 #cdi1 #edj1 #edd-e1 #ffa ,n]o1 emp]or1 #fa1 #aga1 #bja1 #bfj1 #bfb1 #dbc-e1 #eec1 #ehe ,n]va1 emp]or1 #bdd ,n]ve & n]v\s sy/em1 #ade-f ,ne/orian1 #eed ,nettle1 #fcf1 #gfh ,neuri1 #ccj ,nias ,isl&1 #agj ,niceta1 a "* 9 ! ,recognitions1 *ap4 xvii ,nicias1 #bb1 #bjd ,niello1 #gfi ,night-%ade1 an h]b1 #eha ,night "t & magic1 #fh1 #gh1 #abi1 #bbd-f1 #bcd ,nigromancy1 see ,necromancy ,nikon1 fa!r ( ,gal51 #abb ,nile1 #ajb1 #agi-hj1 #aih1 #bed1 #eei2 horses1 #afi ,nimrod & magic1 #dac ,n9e1 #hh1 #cga1 #eij1 #eib1 #eih1 #gba1 #gbg ,n9eveh1 #bdc ,nitrate1 #ggb ,nitro-muriatic acid1 #ggb ,noah's ark1 #bj2 & see ,flood ,noon1 #bdh1 #gee ,norman & ,norm&y1 #dbg1 #gde ,nose1 #egf1 #ehi ,notebook1 #de-f2 & see ,lecture notes ,notory art1 #bfg ,nude & ,nudity1 #hc1 #ic1 #bie1 #efe1 #ehh ,numa1 k+1 #bgd1 #eje ,numb]1 obs]vance (1 & !ory ( p]fect1 #bf1 #fi1 #ia1 #agh1 #bab1 #beh1 #bgc1 #cag1 #cee-g1 #cgj1 #cgc1 #chc1 #dcj1 #dda1 #eba1 #edd-e1 #fba1 #fbg1 #fge2 & see ,five1 ,f\r1 ,n9e1 ,sev51 ,t51 ,?ree ,numitor1 k+1 #fjb ,nymph1 #edf ,oak1 #dic ,oa?1 #dcj ,obelisk1 #eeh ,obsc5ity 9 magic & m$ic9e1 #fa-b1 #afg-h1 #bjd1 #bjg1 #bcf ,obs]vation1 ,pl9y1 #dh1 #ec-d2 magicians1 #fd-e2 ,ptolemy1 #aje1 #ajg1 #aaj1 #aab2 ,gal51 #aef2 reput$ ,*aldean1 #ie1 #caf2 ,dioscorides1 #fjf2 & see ,exp]im5tal me?od ,ob/etrics1 see ,*ild-bir? ,occult virtue1 discussions ( & ref]5ces to ( a g5]al "*1 9 ,egypt1 #aj2 ,pl9y1 #fd-e1 #ge-f1 #ha1 #hi2 ,gal51 #afi-gj2 ,vitruvius1 #ahc2 ,plut>*1 #bab-c2 ,neo-,platoni/s1 #cjd1 #cjg1 #caa1 #cbj1 #edb-c2 ,brahmans1 #beg-h2 ,m>bod1 #ggh-ha2 miscellane\s1 #dda1 #ded1 #dfh-i ,ocean1 #dhi ,ocimum1 an h]b1 #ic ,oculi/1 #bhd1 #fgj ,odor1 f\l1 #ecf ,odysseus1 #bfd1 #bha1 #eji1 #fbi ,oea1 #bbb;ff4 ,oil1 #fh1 #ij1 #ib1 #acj1 #adb1 #aed1 #afh-i1 #aga1 #age1 #bac1 #bef1 #cgc1 #egb1 #fjf1 #gbd1 #ggi ,o9tm5t1 see ,ungu5t ,old-wives1 #aff1 #bjd1 #bcd1 #bej1 #bgb1 #ehf2 & see ,wit* ,olybrius1 emp]or1 #fjf ,olympias1 "m ( ,alex&]1 #efj;ff4 ,olympic games1 #bb1 #ajb ,olympus1 ,mt41 #aih1 #bif1 #dbi ,om5s & port5ts1 #ad1 #ib1 #agh1 #bja1 #bca1 #bea1 #bed1 #bfj1 #cah1 #dcj1 #dga1 #edc1 #efj1 #efb1 #fge ,"o1 ,once1 = ! fir/ "t1 #hb1 #ib1 #baj1 #ehb ,onesiphorus1 #cif ,onion1 #bj ,onoel1 a _s1 #cfg ,ophites1 a m>ble1 #hg ,ophites1 a sect1 #cfe1 #chc ,opium1 #gbd ,opobalsam1 #abh ,optics1 #ajh1 #bah1 #bcg1 #bgf1 #ffi ,oracle1 #ba1 #ie1 #bjc1 #bjf-g1 #bec1 #bgh1 #bie1 #cah1 #dcb1 #ddb1 #dff1 #ecd1 #fbg ,oratory1 #ece1 #ggf ,ordeal1 #chf1 #dfh1 #gei ,oreites1 a gem1 #bie ,ore/es1 #cbd ,oreus1 #cfe ,organ1 musical1 #ahg-h1 #aib ,ori5tal attitude1 exagg]at$ e/imate (1 #bj-a1 #chh ,orig9ality1 #efi1 #ege1 #faf ,origanum1 an h]b1 #bah ,orig5i/s1 #dfa1 #eai ,oromazes1 a magician1 #bcf ,orphic rites1 #bif1 #dbi ,osiris1 #ac1 #aif1 #bbc1 #bcc1 #edf ,ossifrage1 #hg ,o/ri*1 #fcf ,ouroboros1 ! encircl+ s]p5t1 #aig1 #gfc ,owl1 #fc1 #fh1 #gj1 #bec ,ox1 #dfh1 #gbb1 #gee ,ox=d1 #fdb ,oxyg51 #adc ,oy/]1 #bah ,padua1 #afd ,paeanites1 a gem1 #cbi ,paganism1 #bjc1 #bid1 #cag1 #cbg1 #eab1 *ap4 xxiv1 #ffa-b ,pa9t+1 #agg1 #ahg1 #gfd ,palat9e hill1 #abe1 #acd ,pal]mo1 #dbg ,pale/9e1 #acb1 #bhj1 #dch ,palimpse/1 #eec ,palm1 #fb1 #bcj1 #ccc1 #fcf ,pamphile1 a wit*1 #bbi;ff4 ,pamphylia1 #acb ,pan1 ! god1 #bea1 #edf ,panacea1 #agb ,pancrates1 a magician1 #bhj-a ,pant>be1 #beb ,pan!r1 #gd1 #bef ,papacy1 #gje2 see ,sixtus ,,iv = patronage ( le>n+ by ,papyri1 #ab1 #ad1 #bb1 #bg-h1 #aic1 #aif1 #cfe1 #dfg1 #fhf ,p>adise1 #cfg1 #dgj1 #dhh ,p>alysis1 #gci2 ( ! face1 #gch2 tongue1 #gee ,p>*m5t1 #ehi1 #gbi1 #gfd ,p>d1 #gd1 #afh ,p>is1 #fdb ,p>rot1 #ege ,p>?ians1 #cgc1 #cgf ,p>tridge1 #afh1 #cbd1 #egd ,pa/oral magic1 #gj ,pat]no/]1 see ,"l's ,pray] ,pa?ology1 #egf ,paul ! apo/le1 #dje1 #dac1 #dbd1 #ddi1 #eje2 potion (1 #gci ,peacock1 #egd1 #fcf ,pebble1 #eia ,pelican1 #cbd ,pella1 #bgh ,p5alty1 #bic1 #cac1 #dcc ,p5ance1 #eac ,p5dant1 #cja ,peony1 #gh1 #agc1 #fad1 #gdj1 #gef ,pepp]1 #afi1 #agf1 #bef1 #ehf1 #fcg ,p]gamum1 #abb1 #abd1 #acj1 #acf1 #adi1 #aga1 #bcf ,p]i/]eos1 an h]b1 #gg ,p]secution1 fe> (1 #aid ,p]sia & ,p]sian1 #eh1 #ff1 #cgf1 #dea1 #dge1 #dgi1 #ejc1 #eec1 #eeh1 #gdd1 #gfb ,p]sonification1 #aih1 #cdc ,p]spective1 see ,optics ,p]u1 #g1 #ag ,pet] ! apo/le1 #bca1 *ap xvii1 #eje ,petrosel9on1 #acb ,phae?on1 #bhc ,phalangium1 an insect1 #hf ,phallic ritual1 #cjh ,phantasm & ,phantom1 see ,app>ition1 ,gho/ ,phanuel1 an angel1 #cdb ,ph>aoh's dream1 #ceh2 magicians1 #cgi1 #che1 #dag1 #dch1 #ddf1 #dfd1 #dgj1 #ejf-h1 #fbi ,ph>macy & ,ph>macology1 #aj1 #bj1 #hc1 #abb1 #acc1 #cdc1 #dac1 #dcd1 #faj1 #gcd-e ,phidias1 #bd1 #djg ,philae1 #eei ,philip ( ,mac$on1 #cca1 #efj;ff4 ,philoctetes1 #bid ,philology1 #ece1 #ede ,philosoph]'s /one1 #eb1 #aig1 #cih1 #gfc2 & see ,al*emy ,philosophy1 ,greek1 #ba2 & al*emy1 #ac1 #aii2 & magic1 #bd1 #fa1 #bcd1 #bdf1 #caj1 #ddj1 #ece2 & a/rology1 #fgd2 & bus9ess1 #ig2 ,s5eca1 #ajc2 ,gal5 & pseudo-,gal51 #abc-d1 #abg1 #acc1 #aci1 #adf1 #adi-ej1 #agf1 #ahj2 ,vitruvius1 #ahe-f2 o!r m5tions (1 #bbj1 #bbc1 #bgi1 #cfj1 #daf1 #dff1 #dga1 #dha1 #dhe1 #dic1 #ecf1 #fbj1 #gjg2 & see names ( individuals 7l>gely 9 o!r index7 & s*ools4 ,phlebotomy1 see ,ble$+ ,phoebus1 #fbj2 & see ,apollo ,pho5icia1 #dch ,pho5ix1 #bjg1 #beg1 #ccb-c1 #cdg1 #dfj ,phraotes1 #beh ,phrygia & ,phrygian1 #bjf1 #dcj1 #eig1 #fcj ,phylact]y1 #eac ,physica1 #eab1 #egi-hj ,physics1 #fdd ,physiognomy1 #bf1 #agf1 #agi1 #dfj1 #ffh ,physiology1 #ade1 #cie1 #feg-fj ,pig1 #gf1 #he1 #afh1 #bai1 #cic1 #ehg1 #gbg1 #gbi1 #gfd1 #gff2 & see ,sw9e ,pill1 #gci ,pill[1 b5ea? "o's1 #ij ,p9e-tree1 #dij1 #dic ,pip]1 #bag ,pirronius1 a magician1 #fjd ,pi/on1 #aib ,place1 obs]v$ 9 magic1 #fde ,plagi>ism1 #ahf1 #dhc1 #fdi1 #gdb1 #gdf-g ,plague1 ,gal5 &1 #abd1 #adb1 #aga2 ( #acdh ,a4 ,d41 #afd2 ,apollonius &1 #bei1 #cia2 ( #edb ,a4 ,d41 #ege2 ( ,egypt1 #cbe1 #ceg1 #dia1 #ebb1 #fhe1 #fhg1 #fif2 miscellane\s1 #daj1 #dcb1 #ech-i1 #fjj ,planet>y week1 #af1 #eac1 #fcc ,planets1 :5 di/+ui%$1 #ac-d1 #af2 prop]ties (1 #ig1 #aac-d1 #cdf1 #chc1 #ebf1 #ebi1 #ffb1 #gaa2 9 ,gno/icism1 #cfa2 9 art1 #cgi2 & ! metals1 #cdg1 #cfh1 #gji1 #gfc1 #gfg2 & h]bs1 #bia2 position at creation1 #gaa1 #gac2 & =mation ( foetus1 see ,*ild-bir? ,plate1 metal1 #bbi1 #chf1 #egb1 #ehb ,platonism1 #bba1 #bdc1 #def2 = ,plato see o!r index ,pleiades1 #agi1 #cee1 #fcf ,pleurisy1 #gch ,pl\gh1 #hj ,pneumatics1 #ahh ,poetry1 #f1 #ie1 #eaa1 #ece ,poison & ,poison+1 relation to magic1 #be1 #fa1 #dda2 to m$ic9e1 #ef2 v5om\s human be+s1 #cbd2 safegu>ds aga9/1 #fg1 #gj-a1 #chf1 #fad1 & see ,antidote2 miscellane\s1 #ha1 #hf-g1 #bca-b1 #cig1 #dag1 #dfj1 #ece1 #efe1 #egb1 #egd1 #ffh1 #gba1 #gcc ,pol> />1 #chd ,polion1 an h]b1 #gg ,politics1 #ceh1 #fff ,pompholyx1 #acb ,pontianus1 #bbc-d ,pontiff1 #abd1 #adi ,pontus1 drugs f1 #hg1 #acb ,popl>1 #ij ,poppy1 be>+ /ones1 #baf ,population1 #acf ,pork1 #adb ,pot-h]bs1 #fjf ,pott] & ,pott]y1 #chd1 #dcc1 #ehh-i ,prae/igium1 #fcj1 #ffe ,praetor1 #ech ,pray]1 #ab1 #gi1 #ajd1 #bai1 #bcc1 #chb1 #cih1 #dab1 #dbc1 #dbf1 #ddc1 #deg1 #ecj-a1 #ehi1 #fde1 #fga1 #gje1 #gbh2 procur+ answ] to1 #gj1 #bid1 #eic1 #ggi2 by o!rs ?an man1 #deg2 to o!rs ?an ,god1 #bfj1 #bfd1 #cjc1 #ebf1 #eih-i1 #ffa2 ( ,/4 ,john1 #gba2 & see ,"l's ,pray]1 ,incantation ,pr$e/9ation1 #ead ,prefect1 #ebf ,pregnant /one1 #gdj ,presbyt]1 #dcg ,prescription1 m$ical1 #aeb1 #aei1 #agb ,pres5tation1 lit]>y & sci5tific1 #egj1 #eie1 #fbe ,pre/]1 ,john1 #dgg ,prie/1 #i1 #ac1 #ae1 #ba1 #gi1 #he1 #aca1 #aie1 #aig1 #cjj1 #chf1 #ecc1 #ged1 #gfc1 #gff ,priscilliani/s1 #dgh1 #eai ,private p>ts1 #cdc1 #ecf ,pro*>us1 #cig ,proconsul1 #bce1 #ebg ,pr(essions1 le>n$1 #e1 #abe-f1 #ahf-g1 #gdd ,progno/ication1 m$ical1 #afd ,prophecy & ,prophet1 #be1 #gg1 #bje1 #bcj1 #ceb1 #cgj1 #dci1 #ddg1 #dei1 #dfe1 #dgf1 #dgi1 #ecd ,proteus1 #bfc ,psy*ology1 #ge1 #add-e1 #feg-fj ,ptah-,sek]-,aus>1 #bcc ,ptolemais1 #eda ,ptolemy1 k+ ( ,egypt1 #ace ,pulse1 #add-e1 #dcj1 #feh ,pump1 #ahg1 #aib ,punic1 #eig ,puppy1 see ,dog ,purg+1 #ffg2 ! lungs1 #adc ,purification1 #fb1 #bjd1 #bcb1 #dda1 #eca1 #eih ,purple1 #agc1 #aig-h1 #eij-a1 #fjd ,pu%-ball1 #dhg ,pylades1 #add-e ,pyre?rum1 an h]b1 #fad ,pyrigoni1 #cbd ,pyrites1 #ega1 #gfh ,pyromancy1 #bfj1 #fbi ,pyrrhus1 #hc ,py?o1 #fbi ,py?agorean1 #bf1 #cb1 #ej1 #eh1 #fa1 #fc1 #fe-f1 #agi1 #ahd1 #bdc1 #beh1 #bfj1 #bhj1 #cgj1 #def1 #edd ,quail1 #dij ,quadrivium1 #fcb ,qualities1 ! f\r1 #aad1 #aci-dj1 #aed1 #aeg1 #bah1 #dhe1 #gea1 #gee2 & see ,cold1 ,heat ,qu>tan fev]1 #bfi1 #egi-ha1 #gcf ,quat]nities1 div9e1 #fgd ,quick-lime1 #dcd1 #ega ,qu9sy1 #gg1 #hi ,qu9tus ,cic]o1 #bfi;ff4 ,rabbi1 #cee1 #dde4 #dgj ,rabbit1 #ehh1 #gbi ,race1 #ahd1 #gha2 = /range races see ,hyp]boreans1 ,s]es1 etc4 ,radiation ( =ce or light1 #fdc-f ,radi%1 #gba ,ra9b[1 #dji ,ra9-mak+1 #bc-d1 #ajc1 #chf1 #dcj ,ra9-wat]1 #ha-b ,ram1 #bac1 #ccb1 #dbd1 #dfg ,raphael1 ! angel1 #cdb1 #cfg1 #ddg1 #deb1 #ded ,rat1 #gf ,rav5na1 #cfg1 #gfc ,raymond1 ar*bi%op ( ,tol$o1 #feg ,read+1 m$ieval1 #fjd1 #fag-h ,reason1 #bah1 #ffj2 free f magic1 #cjj2 & exp]i5ce1 #aeg ,r$1 us$1 #fe1 #eha1 #ejh1 #gdj ,r$ ,sea1 #hd1 #bjh ,r$eem]1 #cfa1 #cfc1 #dch ,re$1 #ge-f1 #hj1 #ij1 #bae1 #eia1 #gbf ,re=m$ *ur*es1 #ddg ,reggio1 #dde1 #gde ,relics ( sa9ts1 #ddd1 #ddf1 #eic1 #fge ,religion1 & magic1 #e-f1 #h-i1 #ae1 #ah1 #bj1 #bb-c1 #cc-d1 #fj1 #bcb1 #bef1 #eje1 #ecc2 & a/rology1 #ae-g1 #ebd1 #ebi-ca2 & sci5ce1 #djg-h1 #dgi1 *ap4 xxi2 o!r ?an ,*ri/ian1 #id1 #cfa1 #gbe1 & see ,mohamm$anism1 ,paganism1 etc42 m$ieval religi\s attitude1 #gdf1 #geb2 & see ,*ri/ianity1 ,god1 ,!ology1 ,tr9ity1 etc4 ,r5aissance1 #bj1 #abb1 #egj1 #fah ,res$a1 an h]b1 #ic ,respiration1 see ,brea?+ ,resurrection ( ! body1 #dg1 #dae1 #eda ,resuscitation ( corpses1 #bhj1 #cia1 #cid1 #cig1 #dbd1 #dbf1 #fch1 #gfc ,revelation1 #ef1 #bec1 #djg2 & see ,div9ation by ,revolutions1 a/rological1 #bf1 #cgg1 #fej ,rhetoric1 #abd1 #bba1 #bfi1 #dhc1 #eah1 #ecc1 #ece1 #eee1 #eif1 #fjc1 #gjj ,rhodes1 #bfi1 #cja ,rhodod5dron1 #age ,rhub>b1 fir/ m5tion (1 #egf ,riddles1 #fcf ,"r h&1 etc41 us$ or pref]r$1 #gj1 #gh1 #ha1 #hc1 #hh1 #ij1 #ib1 #cbd-e1 #ccb1 #egd1 #ehj-a1 #eia-b1 #gfg ,r+1 #fi1 #gh1 #agc1 #bai1 #bea1 #bec1 #bhj1 #bib1 #cgi1 #efd1 #ehb1 #eij1 #eib1 #eii1 #fef1 #ffb1 #gje1 #gee ,r+-worm1 #ic ,rip van ,w9kle1 #cii ,ritual1 #ab1 #bc2 & see ,c]emonial ,roads1 ,roman1 #ace-f ,robb]1 #aag ,rob]t1 k+ ( ,france1 #fgb1 #gjd1 #gcf ,rob]t ,guisc>d1 #gde ,romance1 ,greek1 #bb1 #bba1 #bcb1 #eec2 ,m$ieval1 #eeg ,romanesque1 #ejb ,romans1 traits (1 #ahd ,rome1 z c5t] ( le>n+1 #abd1 #abh-ca1 #ace1 #afb1 #bja1 #bbb1 #bdb1 #bfi1 #bgg1 #ecg1 #ehf1 #gda2 o!r m5tions1 #bji1 #bcj1 #cff1 #cgb1 #djc1 #djh1 #dba1 #dbc-d1 #dfd1 #eec ,romulus1 #bji1 #bgd1 #ccj1 #fjb ,root1 see ,h]b ,rose1 #bcj1 #gea2 wild1 #ef ,royal ,society1 #bad ,rubb+1 #adb ,ruddy complexion1 #gfh-ga ,rue1 #gcg2 eat5 by weasel1 #gd1 #cbd1 #fbf ,ru91 excavat$1 #gfb ,russet1 #hi ,ru/1 #gff ,ru/ic1 exp]i5ce1 #egh1 #ehe ,sabao?1 #cfe1 #cfg1 #cgi1 #dea1 #ehc1 #eii ,sabba?1 #bjd1 #eac ,sabians1 #ffa-c ,sac]dos1 #bce ,sacra ,via1 #abe1 #acc1 #dbd ,sacrifice1 #fh1 #gi1 #ajd1 #aca1 #aff1 #bae1 #bdh1 #bej-a1 #bfa1 #bid-e1 #cjh-i1 #cag1 #cfc1 #dad1 #dca1 #fde1 #ffa-c1 #gje2 human1 #fb1 #bjg1 #bdi1 #dah1 #eci1 #fhg ,sacrum am>um1 #gci ,saffron1 #fef1 #gfe ,sagm9a1 sacr$ h]bs1 #gf ,/4 ,gall1 #fdj1 #fgg ,/4 ,sophia1 #ege1 #ggj ,sakk>a1 #i ,salam&]1 #ed1 #fh1 #he1 #bad1 #cbd1 #eaa1 #fcf2 8wool10 #bad ,sal]no1 *aps4 xxxi1 xxxii ,salisatores1 #fcj ,saliva1 #bj1 #hb1 #hh-i1 #ib-c1 #agd1 #bha1 #cgc1 #cib1 #egc1 #ehh1 #eib1 #fef1 #gfi ,salmon1 #dbd ,salt1 #bac1 #cgc1 #dfg1 #ehc1 #fgj2 & see ,holy1 ,sodom ,saltus ,gilb]ti1 #gje ,salve1 #hg1 #fjf1 #gbb ,salvia1 #gci ,sam>ia1 #cfc-d1 #cfh1 #dba ,samo?racian orgies1 #adi ,samuel1 gho/ (1 see ,endor1 wit* ( ,s&al-,mak]s1 /reet (1 #acd ,s&als1 #bcj ,s&a/ros1 a gem1 #ig ,sapphire1 #dif1 #ggi ,s>ac51 #ach1 #gah ,s>cophagus1 #dgf ,s>d1 #ggg ,s>d9ia1 #cbi ,s>dis1 #bee ,s>donia1 an h]b1 #cbi ,s>donic laugh1 #cbi ,satire1 #bhe ,saturn1 god1 #bjg2 planet1 #ig1 #ahd1 #ehj1 #fcc1 #gfh ,saturn9us1 a h]etic1 #cgb ,satyr1 #bfc-d1 #edf ,saul1 #ddh1 #dfi ,sc>ab1 #aj1 #fh1 #ccc ,sc>ification1 #gba ,scepticism1 see ,cr$ulity & ,sciatica1 #fi ,sci5tific _s1 curiosity1 etc41 #add1 #bcd1 #cjh1 #cgh-i1 #dcg1 #dhe-f1 #did1 #ejb-d1 #ebh1 #ece1 #eei1 #ffi1 #geb2 & see ,exp]im5t1 ,obs]vation ,scipio ,orfitus1 #bbc ,scorpion1 #gd1 #ha1 #he-h1 #aga1 #agd1 #did1 #egc1 #ehc1 #fef1 #fff ,scotl&1 #fed ,scr(ula1 #hb1 #hi1 #ia1 #ehg ,sculpture1 #bgg1 #eja ,scylla1 ! mon/]1 #bfc1 #fcf2 an h]b1 #ebf ,scy?ian1 #ei1 #gg1 #bde1 #djg1 #dif1 #fed ,sea1 #bbe1 #gch2 & see ,ba? ,sea-calf1 #ehj2 f>+1 #bde2 foam1 #dfh2 gull1 #aei2 h>e1 #aga1 #bcf1 #bch1 #ehg2 holly1 #bac2 s]p5t1 #cbe1 #egd2 />1 #hi2 ur*91 #fh1 #dij-a ,seal ( ,diana1 #acj ,seal+1 #fi1 #bgh1 #dfh ,seasons1 f\r1 #aad ,secrecy1 #aid1 #bbg1 #bcc1 #bci1 #bed1 #bhg1 #bie1 #cgb1 #dje1 #dbj1 #egi1 #gfe1 #ggf ,se$1 #fje2 se$less h]bs1 #dhi ,seia1 #eii ,sel5e1 #bae ,sel5omancy1 #ih ,sem51 #cfi ,semitic1 #ae ,semo ,sancus1 #dba ,s5ecion1 an h]b1 #fad ,s5se & ,s5ses1 #aej1 #aeh1 #ahj1 #cee ,sepia1 #hg ,septimius ,sev]us1 emp]or1 #bdc1 #bec1 #bic2 & see ,sev]i ,septizonium1 #bec ,s]apis1 #cgi1 #ddb1 #gfc ,s]es1 #cgf1 #djb1 #dab-d ,s]f & ,s]vant1 #gci2 & see ,colonus2 ,slav]y ,s]mon1 #dbf1 #dhb;ff4 ,s]p5t1 lift$ up 9 ! wild]ness1 #cgi2 & see ,snake1 ,dragon1 ,sea-s]p5t ,sesame1 #fee ,se?ians1 #cfe ,se?os1 #ad ,sev51 #ad1 #af1 #di1 #fg1 #fi1 #afi1 #agi1 #aih1 #bab1 #bcb1 #bec1 #beh1 #bgi1 #bhb1 #cah1 #ccc1 #cdf1 #cee-f1 #cfe1 #cga1 #cgc1 #cgf1 #cgh1 #chc1 #che1 #daa1 #dbi1 #dce1 #dia1 #ebb1 #ecg1 #ede1 #eha1 #eij1 #eib1 #eii1 #fcc1 #fgf1 #gbd1 #gga1 #ggg ,sev5 sleep]s1 #gbe1 #gei ,sev]i1 dyna/y (1 #abe1 #acj2 & see ,septimius ,svres1 #gfb ,sex1 obs]v$ 9 magic1 #fi1 #gh1 #hj-b1 #id1 #gbi1 #gei2 ( hy5a1 #cig2 ( h]bs & /ones1 #ha1 #gfd2 ( numb]s1 #agi1 #cga2 ( planets & signs1 #bhb1 #ffb1 #gji-ab2 pr$ict$1 #age-f1 #eaf2 int]c\rse1 #ada1 #fci1 #gfg ,%ad[1 #fje ,%ad[-foot$1 #bef ,%>k1 #did ,%av+ ! head1 #adb1 #efj1 #gbd ,%eba1 #dgi ,%eep1 #fh1 #ajb1 #afh1 #agc1 #bai1 #dfg1 #dij1 #ehb1 #fef2 ! lo/1 #cfc2 & see ,lamb1 ,ram1 ,%eph]d1 ,pa/oral ,%ellfi%1 #ih1 #eag ,%eph]d1 #dgh ,%ip1 #fjd2 wreck1 #gdh ,%irt1 #eha ,%oe1 #fch ,%ort-h&1 #acd1 #bcb ,%[bread1 #che ,sibyl1 #edf2 = ,sibyll9e books see o!r index ,sicily1 #he1 #dbg1 #ebe ,sid]itis1 a /one1 #bie ,sieve1 #ia1 #bej1 #cbe ,signatures1 #caj ,sign1 see ,abbreviation1 ,div9ation1 ,progno/ication1 ,sex pr$ict$1 ,/>1 ,zodiac ,sil5ce obs]v$1 #gbb ,silas1 #ddi ,silk1 #fjh ,silvanus1 #edf ,silv]1 #eij1 #eii ,simil>ity1 argum5t f1 #bch1 #fad2 & see ,l cures l ,simon ! ,canaanite1 #cib ,simon ,magus1 *ap4 xvii1 #cfb-e1 #cig1 #dci ,simon1 ,/41 #dce ,simples1 m$ic9al1 9 ,pl9y1 #df1 #hc2 ,gal51 #abh1 #aec1 #afj1 #afh1 #ega ,s91 #cdd1 #cgb-e1 #dcj1 #deg1 #ebj2 effect on nature1 #bed1 #cde1 #cej1 #dji-aj1 #dij ,s9ew1 #fh1 #adh ,siphon1 #ahi1 #aia ,sir51 #bfc ,sisebut1 k+1 #fbc ,sis9nios1 #cih ,six1 #ahd1 #cef1 #eba ,sixtus ,,iv1 pope1 #cdi1 #eif ,skeleton1 #bcc ,sk91 #ada1 #gfi2 *ang+ "o's1 #agj1 #bch1 #cbd2 disease1 #ajb1 #ecg2 see ,animals1 p>ts (2 & ! names ( p>ticul> animals = ! use ( _! sk9s ,skull1 #hj1 #ehj ,sky1 see ,heav5 ,slav1 #feh ,slav]y1 #acf1 #agj1 #cej1 #eae1 #ffh1 #fhc ,slavonic1 #cdb1 #cde1 #cih ,sleep1 magic1 #cii ,sleight-(-h&1 #cgj ,slot-ma*9e1 #aig ,smallpox1 #ffh ,smilax1 #ib ,smoke1 #hi1 #fae ,smyrna1 #abc ,snail1 #hi1 #ib1 #ehf ,snake1 rem$ies aga9/1 #hd-i1 #ii1 #age1 #beh1 #bie1 #cfe1 #chf1 #cib1 #die1 #eii1 #fad2 animals antipa!tic to1 #hd-e1 #ii1 #bca2 virtue 91 #bc1 #afh1 #aig2 ( ,india1 #bad1 #efd2 ,satan & demons z1 #cfe1 #cia1 #dcj2 *>m+1 #hc1 #bgh-hj1 #cbe1 #eaa1 #efa-b1 #fch-i2 /+ & v5om (1 #ef1 #ha-b1 #ajb2 foam (1 #fg2 sl\gh+ (1 #agj2 n f\nd 9 ,ismuc1 #ahc2 at ,delphi1 #bhc2 on a p5dant1 #cja2 m$ical k (1 #dda2 & see ,f5nel1 ta/$ by ,sneeze1 div9ation f1 #ie1 #bje1 #bjg ,social aspect ( magic1 #ei2 life 9 antiquity1 #acg1 #ahe ,socrates1 #acg1 #aci1 #bjd1 #bcd1 #bdj1 #bgj1 #bhh1 #ecb ,soda1 wa%+1 #ega ,sodom1 salts (1 #ach ,soldi]1 #ef-g ,solemnity1 requir$ 9 magic1 #fdd-f ,solon1 #cbf1 #cee ,son ( ,god1 #cgb1 #dch ,soot1 #bcf ,sopat]1 #cac ,sophi/ & ,sophi/ry1 #edj-a ,soporific1 #geh ,sorc]y1 #aj1 #be1 #fa1 #if1 #aff1 #bgj1 #bgi1 #cbd1 #cdd1 #ceb1 #chf1 #cij1 #cic1 #dcg-h1 #dda1 #fee1 #fij1 #gcc2 c\nt]-magic aga9/1 #ag-bj1 #gj1 #ha1 #id1 #cja1 #cia1 #fjj2 & see ,goetia1 ,wit*craft ,sortilegi1 #fcj ,sory1 #acb ,s\l1 human1 ,plato on1 #be-f2 ,pl9y1 #dg1 #if2 ,gal51 #aej1 #agh1 #ahj2 ,plut>*1 #bjf-g1 #bac1 #bag2 ,neo-,platoni/s1 #cji-aj1 #cah2 ,gno/ics1 #cfd2 location (1 #gce2 ap>t f body1 #cii1 #dah1 #dee1 #eaj1 #edf2 immortality (1 #daf1 #dai1 #dfi1 #eca1 #eda2 o!r ?an human1 #aih1 #bac2 & see ,_w-s\l ,s\nd1 #adc1 #bja1 #dcj1 #edb ,s\snyos1 ,/41 #cih ,spa91 #chj1 #dcc1 #dhi1 #ehj1 #eig1 #fjg ,spani% era1 #ggc ,sp>r[1 #bga ,sp>ta & ,sp>tan1 #ba-b1 #baf1 #cja ,species1 #cjd1 #dic1 #gea ,spee*1 imp$im5t (1 #ecf ,spha]a b>b>ica1 #ecg ,sph]e1 see ,e>?1 ,univ]se1 & o!r index ,spice1 #bej1 #beg1 #bie1 #fjf ,spid]1 #ij1 #id1 #afh-i1 #aga1 #age1 #ehg ,sp9al cord1 #adf ,_s1 good or evil 7includ+ angel & demon1 b see also ,app>ition1 ,gho/1 ,necromancy1 ,s\l71 9 e>ly ,arabic poetry1 #f2 9 ! anci5t ori5t1 #aa1 #ae1 #ah-i1 #bd2 classical ,greece1 #bd1 #bf1 #ahj-a2 on nature (1 ,plut>*1 #bjc-d1 #bjf-h2 ,apuleius1 #bdj2 ,philo/ratus1 #bfc-d2 ,iambli*us1 #cji-aj2 ,eno*1 #cdc2 ,orig5 & ,celsus1 #dda-c1 #deb-c2 ,augu/9e1 #ejh2 ,m>tianus ,capella1 #ede-f2 ,dionysius ! ,areopagite1 #edf-g2 ,*ri/ian ascription ( o!r religions to demons1 #cgj1 #dad1 #dbi;ff41 #ddb1 #dec2 disease &1 #aa1 #ah-i1 #bii1 #cdc1 #deb1 #gbb2 expulsion (1 & p[] ov]1 #bec1 #bfb1 #chf1 #dje1 #dad1 #dag-h1 #dda1 #ddc1 #ged1 #ggi1 & see ,exorcism2 fall (1 #cdc1 #cgd-e2 famili> & gu>dian1 #bjg1 #baj1 #cfh1 #cgj2 9 ! air1 #bjf1 #bdj1 #dbd1 #dfc1 #ejh1 #fce2 9 heav5s & />s1 *ap4 xv1 #cdc1 #cig1 #dca1 #deh1 #dhg-h1 #eai2 9 ! moon1 #bjg2 9 nature1 #aha1 #bif1 #cjh1 #caj1 #cdg1 #chb1 #dad1 #dcj1 #ddc1 #deb-d1 #edc2 invocation (1 #cja1 #cjh1 #caj1 #cbj1 #cfa1 #cfg-h1 #cga-b1 #chd1 #dai1 #dcg1 #ddb1 #ddg1 #ddi-eb1 #edc1 #fee1 #fgd1 & see ,necromancy1 ,notory art2 magic1 a/rology1 arts & sci5ces ascrib$ to1 #aie1 #bdj1 #cac1 #cdc1 #cfh1 #cgj1 #dab1 #dad1 #dag-h1 #dbb1 #dbi-cb1 #dda-c1 #ddg-h1 #dec1 #deh-i1 #dfc1 #dfe-f1 #ejf-g1 #eji1 #eac1 #eah1 #fbi1 #fge1 #gje2 m$iums betwe5 ,god or gods & m51 #bjf1 #bjh1 #bdj1 #cdi1 #deb-d1 #dei1 #fba1 #fge2 ord]s (1 #cjh-i1 #cbj1 #cfc1 #djh1 #dee1 #ejg1 #ede-g1 #gbg2 possess$ by1 #cjh1 #cib1 #dac-d1 #dcd1 #eaj1 #fdj1 #gbc-d1 #ged-e2 safegu>ds aga9/1 #ah1 #baf1 #bic1 #cia1 #cih1 #ddi1 #fae1 #gbf1 #gbh ,spiritus1 #adg1 #feh-fj ,spit1 see ,saliva ,sple51 #eg1 #fh-i1 #he1 #ecf1 #egg1 #egi1 #ehd1 #ehg-h1 #eia ,spodium or ,spodos1 #acb ,sponge1 #bbg ,spoon1 #gba ,spr+1 wat] #bbi2 caus$ to fl[1 #gfi2 & see ,f\nta91 ,seasons ,/aff1 #beb1 #dce1 #fgi ,/ag1 #hd1 #bjg1 #bid1 #cbd2 & see ,de] ,/a9$ glass1 #dbg1 #dce1 #ggj ,/ans1 !1 #dae ,/>1 nature (1 god or animal1 etc41 #be-f1 #ajc1 #bjf1 #baj1 #bab1 #bdj1 #cjc1 #cae1 #cdc-d1 #cec1 #dcf1 #def1 #eai-ba1 #ecj1 #fbj-a1 #fcb1 #ffb1 #fgj2 z sign1 #cjb1 #daj1 #deh1 #edd2 n cause ( evil1 #cje1 #ced1 #dge1 #ead2 cause ( evil1 #daa2 affect$ by magic1 #bbe-f2 %oot+1 #ga1 #ehi2 fix$1 #aad2 & see ,a/rology2 ,*ri/1 bir? (2 ,magi ,/>-fi%1 #ef ,/>l+1 #dij ,/atue1 #ia1 #bgi1 #bhj1 #gfd2 heal+1 #bhd2 animat$1 #ahh1 #daf-g1 #dbd1 #dce2 & see ,image1 ,sculpture ,/eam1 #aib ,/ele ( ,mett]ni*1 #eei ,/epmo!r1 #bae ,/oic1 #ej1 #ada1 #agh-ha1 #baj1 #bfi-gj1 #bhc1 #cej1 #cig1 #def ,/oma*1 #ib1 #agc1 #ecf1 #eib1 #fef1 #geg ,/one1 ! disease1 #hg1 #ehh1 #gbi2 & see ,gem ,/on+ to dea?1 #bfb1 #cii ,/orax1 a gum1 #die ,/ork1 #beg1 #cbd-e1 #cca1 #dfj1 #ehj ,/orm-av]t+ magic1 #ga1 #hj1 #ib1 #ajb1 #beb1 #cac ,/ream1 #ia1 #bbe-f1 #edf2 & see ,f\nta9 ,/upa1 #bea1 #dac ,/yle1 lit]>y1 #bbb-c1 #ebe1 #egj1 #fbj ,/yx1 riv]1 #cbf ,suanir1 #dce ,suffumigation1 see ,fumigation ,sugge/ion1 =ce (1 #bfe ,sulla1 #ecb ,sulphur1 #bgi1 #gfd ,sum]ian1 #ae1 #ag ,summun bonum1 #geb ,sun1 god & wor%ip1 #ig1 #bea1 #bfa1 #bid-e1 #cag-h1 #chb1 #dib1 #ebd2 p]sonifi$1 #cdg1 #daj1 #deg1 #ebi2 & magic1 #ada1 #bbe-g1 #cjh1 #chf2 a/rological influ5ce (1 #ii1 #agi1 #baa2 ris+ & dawn1 #bae1 #bcj-a1 #bef1 #bfa2 be=e sunrise1 #fi1 #ga1 #gh1 #ia1 #id1 #aca1 #agc1 #bha1 #ehc1 #eii1 #gfh2 be=e sunset1 #ehc2 exp]im5t )1 #ee2 dial1 #ahe1 #ahg2 di/ance & size (1 #bai1 #dhh2 tropical1 #bad2 tree (1 #efd ,sup]/ition1 ,plut>* on1 #bjc-d2 9 m$ic9e1 *aps4 xxv1 xxxi ,surg]y1 #adh-i1 #ecf1 #efi1 #ffh1 #gbc1 #gce ,suriel1 a _s1 #cfg ,swaddl+ clo?1 #cib1 #cif ,swall[1 habits (1 #ge1 #cbd1 #fae1 #fcf2 use (1 #fh1 #gj1 #afh1 #age1 #eha1 #gba ,swall[-/one1 #gee1 #gff ,swall[-wort1 #ge1 #fae1 #fbf ,swan1 #fcf2 song1 #bee1 #ccb ,sweat1 #afg1 #cib1 #gfg1 #ggi ,sw9e1 #gj1 #gg1 #gi1 #ii1 #bag2 & see ,pig ,sword1 #gh1 #bie2 magic #beh ,sylvia1 #djd ,symbol & ,symbolism1 #aff1 #bea1 #caj1 #cfa1 #cfg1 #ejb1 #ejf1 #edf1 #fgf-g1 #fgi1 #gba2 9 al*emy1 #gff-g1 #gga-b ,sympa!tic magic1 #fh1 #hd-g1 #ib1 #bch1 #bga1 #bif1 #bii1 #cjd1 #cab1 #cad1 #cbj1 #ced1 #edb-c1 #fad ,symposium1 #acg1 #bja-b ,symptoms1 #gce ,syncretism1 #ebe ,synod at ,rome1 #chi1 #djb ,syracuse1 #dgf ,syria1 ,syriac1 & ,syrian1 #bhj1 #cgd1 #chg1 #cie1 #djc-d1 #dbb1 #dcg1 #dig1 #dii1 #ejc1 #eed1 #eei-fa1 #egg1 #eig1 #fja1 #ffa1 #ffc1 #gdg1 #gfb ,syrian goddess1 #bca ,syr+e1 #aib ,syrup1 #efj ,tableclo?1 #bad ,tables1 a/ronomical1 #ad2 ( cont5ts1 #ej1 #aec4 ,tablet1 a/rological1 #efj1 #efc2 & see ,cunei=m1 ,lead ,taboo1 #ba2 & see ,iron ,tagus1 #fcj ,tam>isk1 #he1 #ehg ,tape-worm1 fir/ m5tion$1 #egf ,t>peian rock1 #dbf ,t>qu9 ! ,pr\d1 #fjb ,t>rutius1 an a/rolog]1 #bji1 #ccj ,t>sus1 #bei1 #dgi ,ta/e1 s5se (1 #eje ,taxo1 #fjj1 #fcf ,teiresias1 #bha ,tel9es1 #ba ,temp]am5ts1 f\r1 #ffh ,temple1 #ecc2 ( ,peace1 #abe2 devices1 #aib-c2 9 al*emy1 #aig-h1 #gfc2 ,egyptian1 #bfa1 #cja1 #eei2 ,jewi%1 #cie2 ,greek1 #djg2 ( ! ,sun1 #dce2 ( ,lib]1 #dif2 ,*ri/ian1 #ecc ,t]eb9?-tree1 #ega ,t]ra sigillata1 #acj-b1 #aed1 #gef ,tett]1 #ic ,textbook1 #fce ,text & ,textual criticism & hi/ory1 magic1 #i2 cunei=m1 #ae1 #ag-h2 classics1 #ba1 #bg2 ,ari/otle1 #bd1 #bg2 ,pl9y1 #eb2 ,ptolemy1 #ajf1 #ajh2 ,gal51 #aai-ba2 ,h]o1 #ahi2 al*emy1 #aic2 ,plut>*1 #bjb2 ,aelian1 #cbb2 ,philo1 #cdh-i2 patri/ic1 #cgd1 #cgg1 #chi1 #dja-f1 #dgg1 #die2 ,physiologus1 #dig-i2 ,alex&] leg5d1 *ap4 xxiv2 ,m$ic9e ( ,pl9y1 #eif2 ,dioscorides1 #eid1 #fjf-ac2 m$ic9e1 #efg1 #gca2 ,isidore1 #fbc2 m$ieval alt]ations1 #c1 #cch1 #fhc1 #gbj ,?aphtabao?1 a _s1 #cfi ,?aumaturgy1 #aij ,?autabao?1 a _s1 #cfg ,!at]1 #ahd1 #dbb1 #dbe1 #dhf1 #ejf1 #eab ,!bes & ,!ban1 #agi1 #dia1 #eec1 #gfe ,!ft1 discov]y (1 & recov]y ( object1 #fdd1 #fff1 #fha1 #gah1 #gbe2 aids1 #ghj ,!odamas1 #bid ,!odoric ! ,ea/ ,go?1 #efi1 #fag1 #fai ,!odosius ,i1 emp]or1 #ehd ,!odosius ,,ii1 emp]or1 #cbg ,!ology1 a/ral1 #ae1 #ag1 #cfj-a1 #edc1 #fba2 & magic1 #ah1 #bcd2 ,gal51 #adi2 ,egyptian1 #cgj2 attitude %[n1 #fai-bj ,!rapeutae1 #cdi1 #cef ,!rapeutics1 #aj1 #abb1 #ada1 #gce ,!riac1 #acj1 #gcc1 #gef ,!rsites1 #bfi ,!ssaly1 home ( wit*es1 #eh1 #bjc1 #bbf ,!urgy1 *ap4 xi1 #eje1 #ece ,?omas ! apo/le1 9 ,india1 #dge1 #dgg ,?o?1 #bhh ,?otmes ,,iv1 k+ ( ,egypt1 #ac ,?\ght1 hi/ory (1 #c-d2 expla9$ physiologically1 #fei ,?read1 #hi1 #eij1 #fef ,?ree1 ,?rice1 etc41 #fi1 #gi1 #hb1 #hh-i1 #ia1 #ic1 #afi1 #agd1 #bie1 #dgf1 #dgi1 #ehb1 #ehh-i1 #eib1 #fad1 #fef1 #gba1 #gcj1 #gcf1 #gfg ,?re%old1 #fi1 #hi ,?roat1 disease (1 #hb ,?und]1 div9ation f1 #eg1 #if1 #bfb1 #edf1 #efb1 #fbi1 #fce-f1 #fgd1 #fgi2 o!r obs]vance (1 #gh2 ?\ght to produce mu%rooms1 #bai2 /age1 #dfh ,?yme1 #ega ,tib]ius1 emp]or1 #ei1 #ggf ,tick1 #fg ,tide1 #bed1 #bgd1 #cea1 #eag1 #ecj1 #gjc ,tigell9us1 #bei1 #bfc1 #bfe ,tig]1 #bef1 #ejb ,tigris-,euphrates1 #ac-f1 #bha-b ,ti'i1 #ah ,"t1 devices = tell+1 #aae1 #add1 #ahg1 #bgf1 #ccc1 #cie2 obs]v$ 9 magic1 #fde ,titus1 emp]or1 #db1 #de ,toad1 #gga ,tobias nights1 #fhh ,tol$o1 #feg ,tomb1 ,egyptian1 #i1 #ad ,tongue1 #ih1 #aej2 use (1 #age1 #gbf1 #ggi2 gift (1 #bjh1 #chf ,too?1 #fh1 #hb1 #hd1 #aei1 #bgi1 #eii1 #fjj1 #fef1 #gfi2 extract+1 fill+1 etc41 #age1 #egc1 #ggi ,too?a*e1 cures =1 #ef1 #fh1 #hh-ij1 #afi1 #age1 #egg1 #ehh-i1 #eib1 #eii1 #fad1 #gbd1 #gbg1 #gee ,too?p[d]1 #bcf ,topaz1 #die ,top1 sp9n+1 #dhg ,torp$o1 #aei ,tortoise1 #fh1 #gd1 #gf1 #hh1 #ia1 #cbe1 #fbf1 #gfd ,torture1 #cha1 #ech ,t\*1 #cbd ,t[]1 ( ,babylon1 #af ,trade1 #dhf1 #did2 & see ,m]*ant1 ,bus9ess ,tradition1 see ,au?ority1 ,leg5d1 ,textual hi/ory ,trajan1 emp]or1 #ace1 #cgc ,transf]1 magic1 see ,disease ,trans=mation1 magic1 #ba1 #bc1 #bbf1 #bej1 #bhj1 #cij1 #cic1 #cii1 #dae-g1 #dbd1 #ddf1 #dgj1 #eji1 #efa-b1 #fcj1 #ggc2 & see ,w]wolf ,translation1 ,lat91 ( ,ptolemy1 #ajf1 #aji-aj2 ,gal51 #aba1 #agf2 ,h]o1 #ahi2 *ur* fa!rs1 #dde1 #dhd2 po/-classical & e>ly m$ieval1 #egj1 #egf1 #fai1 *ap4 xxiv2 f ! ,arabic1 #faa1 #fij-a1 *aps4 xxviii1 xxx1 xxxii2 pret5d$1 #bib2 ,anglo-,saxon1 #fch2 o!r v]nacul>1 #dih1 #fab1 #fgg1 #ggh2 ,greek1 #cca1 #cdb1 #fcg2 magic1 #dcj2 ,arabic1 #ajf1 #ahi1 #bib1 #dih1 #eed1 #fjg1 #feb-c ,travel1 #ege1 #ffh1 #gdc ,tree1 #bee2 ( k1 #cfg1 #dgd2 ( life1 #cej2 sun & moon1 #dgd ,trial1 = h]esy or magic1 ,apuleius1 #bbb1 #bcb-dj2 ,apollonius1 #bdi2 ,priscillian1 #cha2 ,basilius1 #fci ,triangle1 #bjf1 #cef ,trigona1 ,trigones1 or ,triplicitates1 #aad1 #ahd ,trigonometry1 #ajg ,tr9ity1 #dgi1 #eda1 #fai-bj ,triptolemus1 #edf ,trivia1 #bcf ,trojan w>1 #bfj1 #bga1 #bid1 #cfc ,trophonius1 cave (1 #bjd1 #bjf1 #bdh1 #bhb ,tru?1 devotion to1 #djj2 ,gal51 #aah-i1 #abc1 #abg2 ,plot9us1 #cjj2 ,pla9 (1 #baa2 ,simon's ,hel5 &1 #cfd-e ,tube1 hidd51 #dfi ,tb+5 !ory1 #dbc ,tumor1 #ga1 #hb1 #ic1 #ega1 #ehg1 #eij1 #eii ,tunis1 #gdd ,tunny fi%1 #bah ,turp5t9e1 #acb ,tuscan1 #eih ,tutia1 #acb ,twelve1 #ad1 #chc1 #che1 #daa1 #die ,tw9s1 #ha2 argum5t f1 aga9/ a/rology1 #bgc1 #bge1 #ead ,typhon1 #dfc1 #eeh ,tyriac1 see ,!riac ,ulc]1 #ehj1 #ggi ,und]gr\nd1 magic le>n$1 #bhj2 & see ,burial ,und]we>1 #chf1 #eha ,und]world1 #af1 #bea1 #bhb1 #chc1 #dgj ,ungu5t1 #ee1 #abh-cj1 #acc1 #adb1 #afi1 #bbi1 #cfg1 #dbj1 #gci1 #gee ,unicorn1 #bee1 #fcf ,univ]sals & p>ticul>s1 #fbb ,univ]se1 !ories (1 #ahj-a1 #aic1 #baj1 #bed1 #cab1 #cfa-d1 #cga1 #cig2 duration (1 #cgd-f1 #eda2 sph]icity (1 #djh ,ur9e1 use (1 #ha-c1 #cbe1 #egc1 #eha1 #fdj1 #fhd1 #gcg1 #gdf1 #gfc1 #gff-i2 emission (1 #fi1 #gci1 #gef ,ursa ,major1 #cee ,ut5sils1 #fbd ,vacuum1 #ahi1 #ffi ,val5t9us ! ,gno/ic1 #cfd1 #cgd1 #daa1 #dhh ,valve1 #aib2 9 bra91 #fei ,vampire1 see ,emp\sa1 ,lamia ,vapor1 #ada ,vaporization1 #gbd ,vascul> sy/em1 #cj ,vases1 ,greek1 #bff1 #ggj ,ve91 #adg1 #egf1 #gbh ,v5esection1 see ,ble$+ ,v5triloquism1 #ceb1 #ddh1 #dgj1 #efj2 & see ,endor1 wit* ( ,v5us1 goddess1 #bcf2 planet1 #if-g ,v]b5a1 an h]b1 #ff1 #gf1 #fad1 #gbe ,v]nacul> lit]ature1 #c2 & see ,translation ,v]us1 ,l41 emp]or1 #abd ,v]va91 see ,v]b5a ,vespasian1 emp]or1 #bec ,vesuvius1 ,mt41 #de ,vet]9>y1 #eic1 #gbb1 #gbd1 #gcj ,v9eg>1 #eg1 #ga1 #afi1 #age1 #gfh ,v9ey>d1 #fjd ,violet1 #gea ,vip]1 use (1 #ia1 #adb1 #aei1 #agj1 #agc1 #bah1 #bid1 #cca1 #egb1 & see ,!riac2 rem$y aga9/1 #bac1 #dij1 #gba2 mode ( g5]ation1 #agb1 #bch1 #bee1 #bgg1 #cbc1 #dji1 #dia ,virg9 & ,virg9ity1 #ee1 #hc1 #ij1 #ic1 #baf1 #bgi1 #cbf1 #dca1 #dia1 #fci1 #gfc2 & see ,*a/ity1 & ,m>y1 ,virg9 ,virtue1 see ,occult ,virtues1 ?ree1 #dgi2 f\r1 #fge ,vision1 !ory (1 #fei1 #ffi ,vitriol1 #gfd ,vivisection1 #adg ,voice1 #acd1 #adf1 #ahj1 #ahd ,volcano1 #bed ,v[els1 #ib1 #cef1 #cga1 #cgi ,vulture1 #hi1 #ccc1 #ehj1 #gbd1 #gbf1 #gbi ,wall1 ( h\se1 #fi ,w&1 magic1 #bj1 #beb1 #ejh1 #efj ,w> & ,w>f>e1 #ahg1 #ceh2 decri$1 #f1 #df-g1 #abb ,w>ts1 to get rid (1 #ga1 #hh1 #aff1 #ehi1 #gcg ,wa%+1 c]emonial1 #bie1 #gcj ,wasp1 #ccb ,wat]1 & ,wat]s1 #adb1 #cgc1 #djh1 #dij2 above ! firmam5t1 #aha1 #cdf1 #deh1 #dhg1 #fcb2 dr9k+1 #fhe2 dissolves magic1 #bbg1 #gbb2 9 :i* feet wa%$1 #age2 m>vel\s1 m$ical1 & *emical1 #ajb1 #ahc1 #aig1 #cbi1 #gfc2 -j> & -works1 #ahg1 #aia-b2 clock1 see ,"t2 und]gr\nd1 #ee2 & see ,f\nta91 ,holy1 ,/ream1 ,sea1 etc4 ,wave !ory1 see ,s\nd ,wax1 #ga1 #bbi1 #dfg-h1 #ega1 #gch2 & see ,image ,weasel1 #hj1 #bca1 #cca1 #cif1 #dji1 #dfj1 #fcf2 & see ,rue1 ta/$ by ,wea!r1 obs]v$1 #agh2 pr$ict$1 #ig1 #aae1 #aha1 #ahe1 #bca1 #cbe1 #dfc1 #fje1 #fdb1 #fdg2 & see ,ra9-mak+1 ,/orm-av]t+ magic ,well1 #ee1 #bea1 #bga ,w]wolf1 #bc1 #ea1 #cci ,:ale1 #di ,:eat1 #cgc1 #eih ,:eel1 #aib1 #chb2 magic or sol>1 #bff2 ( =tune1 #fhc ,:et/one1 #ga ,:ite1 #gh-i1 #bae1 #bie1 #gee ,wid[1 #ga ,w1 free1 relation to fate & ! />s1 #baj1 #bge-f1 #cjf1 #cae1 #cgd-e1 #dab1 #def1 #dge1 #eac1 #eah1 #eca1 #fbj-b ,william ,rufus1 k+ ( ,engl&1 #fgc ,w9d1 #af1 #gh1 #cgc1 #fgf1 #fgh1 #gbh ,w9e1 #ee1 #fh-i1 #acb1 #acg1 #adb1 #bca1 #bfc1 #bie1 #egb1 #eha1 #fje-f1 #gba1 #gci1 #gfe2 & see ,fal]nian ,wit*1 ,wit*craft1 & ,wiz>d1 #b1 #ah-i1 #afd1 #agb1 #bjc1 #bbe-ca1 #bea1 #cdd1 #cgc1 #djg1 #ece1 #eii1 #gbb2 & see ,goetia1 ,old-wives1 ,sorc]y ,wolf1 #hj1 #ic1 #agb1 #bai1 #ccb1 #ehg-h1 #fef1 #gbf2 & see ,w]wolf ,woman1 #cif1 #ehh1 #gaj1 #gdj-a2 diseases (1 #hb1 #adb1 #bhi1 #ecf1 #gdf ,wood1 #bcc ,woodpeck]1 #bc1 #gh ,wool1 #hi1 #agc1 #eij1 #fef ,words1 p[] (1 #aj1 #bd1 #aeb1 #bjg1 #bca1 #bci1 #bgi1 #bii1 #caa1 #cgj1 #cgh1 #chd1 #dad1 #dbb-ca1 #dch1 #dde1 #ddi-eb1 #dgf1 #ejg1 #efa-b1 #fje1 #fbg1 #fdd1 #fff2 & see ,incantation ,_w-s\l1 #if1 #aej1 #baj1 #bed1 #bii1 #cjc1 #cdi1 #ceh1 #daj1 #edd1 #fbb ,worm1 #hi1 #id1 #ehb1 #gbi1 #ged1 #gfh2 & see ,e>?worm1 ,tape-worm ,wormwood1 #gbb ,writ+1 a s91 #cdd2 invisible1 #bfe ,wryneck1 #bfe-g ,yahweh1 #ddf ,ye> #ajjj ,a4 ,d41 #fge ,yew1 #ha ,york1 #fhi ,y\?1 r5ew$ or p]petual1 see ,elixir1 ,f\nta91 ,longevity ,zeus1 #bc1 #aic1 #bhd1 #chj ,zodiac1 #ad1 #af1 #if1 #ih1 #aad1 #agi1 #ahd1 #bhc1 #ced1 #cgh1 #dib1 #ebj1 #fgi1 #gaa1 #gbh2 & p>ts ( human body1 #ffb1 #fgc-d1 #ggg ,zoology1 #bcg1 #ejc2 & see ,animal ,zone1 #cgf ,,bibliographical ,,index ,names ( au?ors1 editors1 translators1 publi%]s1 etc41 9 ,roman type4 ,titles & p]iodicals 9 italics4 ,lead+ passages 9 italics4 ,bibliographical abbreviations1 su* z ,,eb1 ,,hl1 ,,pg1 ,,pl1 are z a rule n index$4 ,9 ! abbreviat$ titles su* op5+ words z ,de & ,lib] are omitt$ to facilitate alphabetical arrangem5t4 ,9 prop] names ,de & ,von are usually designat$ by d4 & v41 & are treat$ z initials4 ,abammon1 #cjg ,abano1 ,pet] (1 #afb1 #agi1 #dji1 #fjj1 #faj1 #fea1 #ffe1 #gaj1 #gad ,abdallah1 #fic ,abdias1 #dbe-f ,abel1 ,a41 #dcd ,abel1 ,e41 #bia1 #bic1 #dfc ,abel>d1 ,pet]1 #dge1 #edd ,abg>us1 #cie ,abh&lung5 d4 bayr4 ,akad41 #efg-h ,abh&lung5 d4 ,b]l9 ,akad41 #aba1 #dfh1 #gcb ,abh&lung5 z4 ,ges*4 d4 ,ma?4 ,wiss41 #fdb ,abraham ! patri>*1 reput$ book (1 #dde ,abraham1 cit$ by ,firmicus1 #ecg ,abraham ( ,tortosa1 #faa ,abt1 ,apologie d4 ,apuleius1 #bb1 #bci ,abu ,jaf> ,ahm$ ,ibn-al-,jezz>1 #gde ,abu ,sa'id ,s*dsan1 #fea ,accad4 dei ,l9cei1 ,r5diconti dell'1 #dii ,accad4 di ,monaco1 ,atti dell'1 #eea ,acta ,sanctorum1 #bif ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 #acf1 #eaj ,acts 7,apocryphal7 ( ,ar*elaus1 #cih ( ,b>nabas1 #cig ( ,john1 #cig ( ,n]eus & ,a*illes1 #dbe ( ,paul1 #cif ( ,paul & ,!cla1 #cie ( ,pet]1 #dje ( ,pet] & ,&rew1 #cif ( ,pet] & ,paul1 #cig1 #dbd ( ,philip1 #cig ( ,pilate1 #cij1 #cie ( ,?omas1 #cgd1 #cig ,adalmus1 #fgc ,adam1 ,moon-,book1 #fhb ,adam ( ,brem51 #ggc ,adam ( ,/4 ,victor1 #cih ,adams1 ,f41 #efh ,ad-,damr1 #cic1 #fhh ,adel>d ( ,ba?1 #ajj1 #dfh1 #feb1 #ffd1 #gjf1 #ggc ,adelbold1 #gjf-g ,adem>us ,cabann5sis1 #gjd ,adhelmus1 see ,aldhelm ,aelfric1 #dhd1 #fgg ,aelian1 #bch1 #cjj1 #cbb-f1 #cca ,aemilius ,mac]1 #fab ,aes*rion1 #agh ,aes*ylus1 #cbe ,aesculapius1 #ecg1 #eig-h1 #fjj1 #gce ,aesop1 #eec ,ae?icus1 see ,e?icus ,aetius ( ,amida1 #afc1 #agj1 #bib1 *ap4 xxv ,aga?odaemon1 #aie ,aga?ias1 #ege ,aggregator1 #faa ,agricola1 ,de re metal41 #acb1 #cbi ,agrippa1 ,h4 ,c41 ,occult ,philosophy1 #ded1 #fec ,ahr5s1 ,k41 #dig1 #dii1 #ejc ,ajasson1 #db ,al&raeus1 see ,al*&rus ,albaihaqi1 #fgj ,alb&9us1 #gaf ,alb]ic ! ,deacon1 #geb ,alb]tus ,magnus1 #aeh1 #afc1 #cbf1 #fjj1 #feh1 #gbe1 #ggb ,animal41 #ejc1 #efc1 #gdf ,causis et propriet41 #efc ,m9]al41 #eja1 #fec ,somno et vigilia1 #cei ,speculum a/ronomiae1 #fdg1 #fej1 #ffd ,veget4 et plantis1 #fec ,albucasis1 #gdb ,albumas>1 #ebd1 #fdg1 #fdi-eb1 #fia ,conjunctions1 #fdi-ea ,exp]im5ts1 #fdi ,flores1 #fdi-ej ,great] ,introduction1 #fdi ,less] ,introduction1 #feb ,my/]ies1 #fea ,ra9s1 #fea-b ,revolutions1 #fea ,sadan1 #fea ,se>*+ ( ! ,he>t1 #fdi ,al*adr9us or ,al*&r9us1 see ,al*&rus ,al*&rus1 #gaj-ai ,brevi>y1 #gad;ff4 ,ma!matica1 #gaj;ff4 ,al*amia1 #ggd ,al*imus1 #fja ,alcibiades1 see ,helxai1 ,book ( ,alcu91 #eef1 #fag1 #feh ,aldhelm1 #fcf ,aldus1 see ,m$ici antiqui ,alex&] ! ,great1 #cca1 #egh a/rological treatises1 #gab;ff4 ,mirabilibus ,indiae1 #eee-f1 #efd ,responsio ad ,d9dimum1 #eef ,alex&] ( ,aphrodisias1 #egh ,alex&] ,polyhi/or1 #cda ,alex&] ( ,tralles1 *ap4 xxv1 #acg-h1 #agd1 #eif1 #gba1 #gdg ,alex&re1 ,oracula ,sibyll9a1 #bhg ,alexis1 ,m&ragorizom5e1 #bb ,alfanus1 #geb-c ,al-,f>abi1 #gdd ,alfraganus1 #gcg ,alfr$ ! ,great1 k+1 #fcg ,algazel1 #gdd ,alhabib1 ,book (1 #gfc ,alh&reus1 see ,al*&rus ,ali ibn ,abbas1 ,khitaab el ,maleki1 #gdg ,alk9di1 *ap xxviii ,deceits ( ,al*emi/s1 #fdi ,empire ( ,arabs1 #fdh ,judgm5ts1 #fdh ,geomancy1 #fdh ,pluviis1 #fdg-h ,prop]ties ( ,swords1 #fdi ,somno et visione1 #fdf ,spectaculis1 #fdb ,/ell> ,rays1 #fdc-f ,all>d1 ,p41 #bih ,alma1 ,j4 d'1 #cdi ,alphita1 #fjj ,alte ,ori5t1 #g1 #cc-e ,amatus ( ,sal]no1 #geb ,ambrose1 #dbf1 #ddg1 #did1 #dii1 #eje1 #fhf ,hexaem]on1 #dhb-c1 #dhe ,moribus ,bra*mannorum1 #eeg ,aml9eau1 #cfj1 #cgg ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association ,pap]s1 #fcb ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,ar*aeology1 #ag ,am]ican ,ma!matical ,mon?ly1 #ca ,am]ican ,society ( ,*ur* ,hi/ory ,pap]s1 #djf ,amig]on1 see ,damig]on ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 #bhe1 #bhh1 #cah-i1 #ebg ,amplonius1 ,catalogue ( ,,mss1 #bfg ,ana/asius ,antio*5us1 #dfi ,anaxagoras1 #def ,anax&rides1 #bb ,anaxilas1 #bb ,anaxilaus1 #hh1 #bad ,anaxim5es1 #aha ,&reas1 #aed ,&rian1 ,f4 v41 #af ,&roma*us1 #aga ,angelus1 ,j41 #ajf1 #ebe ,annales de la ,facult des ,lettres de ,bordeaux1 #gjd ,annales du ,s]vice des ,antiquits de l',egypte1 #ad ,anne ,sociologique1 #f ,ansileubus1 #ejc ,ante-,nic5e ,fa!rs1 #chg1 & ,book ,,ii passim ,an?ropologie1 ,l'1 #f ,antipat]1 #ahe ,anti/h5es1 #eec ,antonius ,ep>*us1 #gde ,antonius ,musus1 #fjj ,anz1 ,gno/izismus1 #cfj1 #chc ,aom>1 #fdg ,aphaxad1 #dce ,apion1 #dje ,apocrypha1 *ap4 xvi1 #cdb1 #djf ,apollonius1 to :om works ( magic are ascrib$1 #bfg ,apollonius ( ,p]ga1 #ffc ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 ,epi/les & ,w1 #bdd2 & see o!r index ,apollonius & ,gal51 #gbc ,apo/les1 see ,acts1 ,con/itutiones1 ,didascalia ,apuleius ( ,madaura1 *ap4 vii1 #afe1 #bdb1 #bij1 #cji1 #cij1 #dfe1 #ejh ,apology1 #bbb-e1 #bcb-da1 #dfc ,dogma ( ,plato1 #bbb1 #bda1 #eif ,florida1 #bbb1 #bcc ,god ( ,socrates1 #bbb1 #bdj-a ,gold5 ,ass or ,metamorphoses1 #bbb-cb1 #bda1 #ccb1 #djf1 #eji ,natural ,que/ions1 #bcg ,univ]se1 #bbb dubi\s or spuri\s ,asclepius1 see ,h]mes ,trismegi/us grammatical & rhetorical1 #eif ,h]b>ium1 *ap4 xxvi1 #fif ,sph]e1 *ap4 xxix1 #aig1 #eif ,aqu9as1 ,?omas1 #eai1 #edd1 #feh ,aratus1 #gji ,arc&am1 #gaf ,ar*aeologia1 *ap4 xxxiii ,ar*&r9us1 see ,al*&rus ,ar*ig5es1 #acg1 #aeb1 #afh1 #agf ,ar*imat?aeus1 #gch ,ar*im$es1 #bi1 #ffc ,catoptrica1 #bcg ,ar*9apolus1 #ahe ,ar*iv f4 ,ges*4 d4 ,m$iz91 #ahh1 #gcg ,ar*iv f4 ,kunde /]rei*4 ,ges*i*tsquell51 #dih ,ar*iv f4 ,/udium d4 ,neu]4 ,spra*51 #fgc ,ar5dz51 ,j4 ,p41 #cfj1 #cga ,aretaeus1 #egj ,aret9us ,quili*9us1 #eeh ,arevalus1 #djb1 #fbc ,arf>fan or ,argafalan or ,argafalaus1 #gaa ,ari/>*us1 #ca1 #bai ,ari/odemus1 #egd ,ari/ophanes1 #bd ,birds1 #cbd ,goetes1 #bb ,ari/otle1 #c1 #bf1 #cb1 #ajc1 #aci1 #adf1 #aec1 #ahj1 #bje1 #baj1 #bcg-h1 #cag1 #djh1 #dea1 #eec1 #efc1 #efe1 #fai-bj1 #fcb1 #fdb1 #feg1 #ffc-e1 #gfd ,animals1 ,hi/ory (1 #bd-cj1 #ej1 #abi1 #bdj1 #bee1 #cca1 #dhf1 #dia1 #ejc ,categoriis1 #fgg ,g5]atione1 #cj ,int]pretatione1 #fgg ,metaphysics1 #fba ,meteorology1 #dhf ,p>tibus1 #cj ,physics1 #fbb ,politics1 #ig dubi\s or spuri\s ,images1 #fff ,lapid>y1 #fed1 #fef1 #fga1 #gef ,secret ( ,secrets1 #eee ,arnald ( ,villanova1 #afb1 #fec1 #fhh1 #gcf-g1 #gda ,arnheim1 #caf ,arnobius1 #dbc1 #eje ,arnold ( ,saxony1 #faa ,arrian1 #eec ,artemidorus1 #bja ,artephius or ,artesius1 #ggd ,asakki m>sti1 #ah ,ascalu ! ,i%maelite1 #gaa ,asc5sion ( ,isaiah1 #cii ,asclepiades1 #ada1 #afh ,asclepius1 see ,h]mes ,trismegi/us ,a%mole1 ,e41 ,!atrum *emicum ,britannicum1 #ggc ,a/rolabe1 anonym\s treatises on1 *ap4 xxx ,a!naeus1 #abj1 #aif1 #bjb ,a!nagoras1 #bhh ,aub]t u4 ,wimm]1 #gc ,audoll5t1 #bh ,aufidius ,bassus1 #de ,augu/9e1 *ap4 xxii1 #bda-b1 #bhh1 #cjc1 #ddg1 #dgf1 #dhe1 #fag1 #fbf1 #fbh1 #feh1 #ffj1 #fhf1 #fib ,anima1 #adg ,cataclysmo1 #ejg ,city ( ,god 7,civitate ,dei71 #cbj1 #cbf1 *ap4 xxii1 #ece1 #eeb-d ,confessions1 #dei1 #ejd-e1 #eji1 #eaa ,cons5su ,evangeli/>um1 #eje ,contra ,academicos1 #eah ,contra ,fau/um1 #eah ,contra ,priscilliani/as1 #eai ,div]sis quae/ionibus1 #ejh1 #eaj1 #ead ,div9atione daemonum1 #ejh ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 #ejh1 #eba ,en*iridion1 #eai ,epi/olae1 #bda1 #ead ,g5esi ad litt]am1 #dhc1 #ejd-e1 #eji1 #eaa1 #ead1 #eah-i1 #eba-b1 #ffj-a ,ha]41 #cfi ,octo ,dulcitii quae/41 #eaj ,quae/iones ex ,novo ,te/41 #eah ,s]mones1 #dbf1 #ejg1 #ead1 #eah ,s]mones supposititi1 #ebb ,tr9itate1 #ejf-i ,aulus ,gellius1 #ej1 #ei1 #bjb1 #bfi1 #ced ,aura*]1 ,t4 ,m41 & ,/adl]1 ,h41 #faj ,ausfeld1 ,a41 #eea ,ausfeld & ,kroll1 #eea ,avezac1 d'1 #fja ,avic5na1 #feh1 #ffj ,anima1 #gff ,divis4 philos41 #gdd ,axt & ,riegl]1 #bic ,babelon1 ,e41 #cda ,babut1 ,e4 ,c41 #cha ,bacon1 ,rog]1 #ajh1 #afc1 #cda1 #dji1 #fja1 #fjc1 #fdf1 #ffa1 #ffe1 #gff ,bae?g51 #gc ,bald & ,cild1 #gbj-b1 #gcc ,b>a*1 ,s41 #feh ,b>daisan or ,b>desanes1 #cgc-g1 #cha1 #dab1 #deg1 #dga1 #dge1 #ghb ,b>lama1 #ach ,b>nabas1 #djd1 #djh ,epi/le1 #cif1 #dji2 & see ,acts 7,apocryphal7 ,b>nes1 ,c4 ,l41 #ggc ,b>?olomew ( ,engl&1 ,de proprietatibus r]um1 #agj1 #dhd1 #eja1 #ejc1 #egh1 #faa1 #ffj1 #fhf ,b>u*1 ,book (1 #cii ,basil1 ,hexaem]on1 *ap4 xxi1 #cbb1 #deh1 #dgf1 #ejd1 #eeb-d ,basil & ,gregory1 ,philocalia1 #dje-f ,basset1 ,r41 #cih-i ,bate1 ,h5ri1 #fej ,bateson1 ,m41 #fhi-ij ,ba? ,occult ,repr9t ,s]ies1 #bia ,battle1 ,w4 ,c41 #bh ,baudry de ,balzac1 #gcf ,baur1 ,l41 #gdd ,beazley1 ,r41 #cbf1 #dhj1 #fja ,beck]1 ,h41 #eea ,beckh1 ,h41 #fjd ,beckmann1 ,m>bod1 #gge ,b$e1 #dgf1 #fag1 #fcd-f1 #feh1 #fge1 #fhc1 #fhh1 #fid1 #gjb ,hexaem]on1 #dhe ,natura r]um1 #fcd-e1 #fgf1 #fie ,samuel1 #fce ,temporibus1 #fcd-e ,tonitruis1 #fce-f1 #fgi ,bel5us1 #bfg ,bell>m9us1 #dfi ,belon1 ,p41 #aca ,b5nett1 ,w4 ,h41 #ddf ,b5twi*1 ,n41 #cdi ,b]5g>ius1 #gja-b ,b]nadakes1 ,g4 ,n41 #bjb ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 ,/4 #ejb1 #feh ,b]n>d ,gordon1 see ,gordon ,b]n>d ( ,prov5ce1 #gdj ,b]n>d ,silve/]1 #gag ,b]nays1 #gc ,b]osus1 #ie1 #ajd1 #ahe ,b]!lot1 ,p4 ,e4 ,m41 #edj ,ar*ologie 7#aijf71 #ab ,*imie 7#ahic71 #fgj1 #fig1 #gfa ,introduction 7#ahhi71 #ab1 #aii1 #edd ,orig9es 7#ahhe71 #ab-c1 #ei1 #aic1 #bib1 #cfi1 #edd1 #eei ,voyages 7#ahie71 #aca ,b]!lot et ,ruelle 7#ahhg-h71 #aic1 #cbj1 #fhc ,be/i>y1 #dih ,bevan1 ,a4 ,a41 #cgd ,bezog>1 #fhb ,bezold1 #af ,bezold1 ,c41 #cd ,bible1 #af1 #ach1 #bdf1 #cdb1 #cej1 #ceb1 #cfa-b1 #che-f1 #dje1 #dci1 *ap4 xxi1 #eaa1 #edf1 #ehc1 #fha1 #gbi2 & see names ( individual books ( ,biblio!ca ,ma!matica1 #ahh1 #aic ,biblio!ca ,patrum1 #dbf ,bibl4 d4 l'cole des ,hautes tudes1 #cha1 #gfe ,biklas1 #gc ,bill]beck1 #gc ,bisse1 ,e41 #eeg ,bivilaqua1 #ebe ,bjrnbo & ,vogl1 #fdb1 #ffc ,bl4 f4 bayr4 ,gymn41 #gc ,boe?ius1 #aji1 #ebg1 #fah-bb1 #feh1 #fgg ,boissi]1 ,a41 #cd ,boll1 ,f41 #ad1 #af1 #aje1 #aaa1 #bia1 #caf1 #ebd-e1 #fhc ,bollett9o della ,societ geografica italiana1 #dhj ,bolus de ,m5des1 #ej ,boncompagni1 ,b41 ,gh]>do ,cremonese1 #afc ,bonnet1 ,acta apo/olorum apocrypha1 #cig ,book ( ,*anges1 #f ,book ( ! ,dead1 #i1 #cfb ,book ( ! ,savi\r1 #cfi1 #cgg ,book ( ,secrets1 #fgj ,book ( ,sev5ty1 #fgj = ,book (1 see also ,alhabib1 ,b>u*1 ,crates1 ,eno*1 ,helxai1 ,je ,borgnet1 ,a41 #ffd ,bo/ock1 ,j41 & ,riley1 ,h4 ,t41 *ap4 ii1 #age1 #bad1 #cbi ,b\*-,lecl]cq1 ,a41 #ej1 #ei1 #aab1 #bib-c1 #big1 #cjh1 #caf1 #dgf1 #fhc1 #fhg ,b\*i]1 ,e4 ,s41 #cac1 #chj1 #dcd ,b\sset1 ,w41 #cdi1 #cfa ,box1 ,e4 ,b41 #fai ,box1 ,g4 ,h41 #cea ,br&t1 ,w41 #chc ,braulio1 #fbc-d1 #fbh ,brea/$1 ,j4 ,h41 #ab ,hi/ory ( ,egypt1 #h-ab ,religion & ,?\ght 9 ,anci5t ,egypt1 #g-aj ,brehaut1 ,e41 #fbc1 #fbe ,brhi]1 ,e41 #cdh-i ,breslau1 ,philol4 ,abh&l41 #big ,briau1 ,r4 ,m41 #abe ,bridges1 ,r4 ,h41 #fjc1 #ffa ,briti% ,museum ,catalogue ( ,vases1 #bff ,brock1 ,a4 ,j41 #aai1 #abb ,br\gni>t1 ,a41 #gfa ,br[n1 ,j4 ,wood1 #fgj ,br[ne1 ,c4 ,a41 #aid ,br[ne1 ,e4 ,g41 #ffj1 #fgd ,br[ne1 ,?omas1 #ced ,bubnov1 #eja1 *ap4 xxx ,budge1 ,e4 ,a4 ,w4 ,alex&]1 #eea1 #efb-c ,egyptian ,magic1 #g-ad1 #bcc1 #fhf ,bullet9 ,hispanique1 #gjd ,bullet9 et ,mm4 d4 l4 ,socit ,ar*ol4 d4 dept4 d',ille-et-,vila9e1 #gge ,bullet9 d4 l4 ,socit d4 ,gographie1 #efe ,bunbury1 ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,geography1 #fja ,bur*>d ( ,worms1 #fcj ,burckh>dt1 ,j41 #fij ,burkett1 ,f4 ,c41 #cgd ,burnam1 ,j4 ,m41 #gjd ,burr1 ,g4 ,l41 #b1 #fcj ,burton1 ,w41 #gfb ,bury1 ,j4 ,b41 #bff-g1 #chh ,busson1 ,g41 #g ,butl]1 ,h4 ,e41 & ,ow51 ,a4 ,s41 ,apulei ,apologia1 #bb1 #bbd;ff4 ,buttmann1 ,p41 #cdj ,byzant4 ,zeits*rift1 #dig ,caecilius1 #id ,caelius ,aurelianus1 #fbe ,caes>1 ,j41 see ,web]1 ,c4 ,f41 & ,cahi]1 ,n\veaux ,mlanges1 #dih ,cahi] et ,m>t91 ,mlanges1 #dih ,cajori1 #ahh ,cald]on1 #dcb ,calli/h5es 7on roots71 #die ,calli/h5es ,pseudo-1 *ap4 xxiv1 #g1 #cca ,calv91 #ddg ,cambridge ,m$ieval ,hi/ory1 #ebd ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,texts & ,/udies1 #cdb ,cam]>ius1 ,j41 #eef ,campbell1 ,c41 #h ,cap>t1 ,primitive ,art 9 ,egypt1 #f ,capella1 see ,m>tianus ,c>accio1 #cdi ,c>dan1 #gfi ,c>ra de ,vaux1 #ahh1 #fec1 #ffa ,c>r>ioli1 ,d41 #eea ,casaubon1 #bac ,cassianus ,bassus1 #fjd ,cassiodorus1 #ede1 #fag1 #fai1 #fbe ,in/itutes1 #dhc1 #fjh ,lett]s1 #fci ,cassius ,felix1 #fjg ,catalogus codicum ,graecorum a/rologorum1 #bh1 #aaf1 #bia1 #fea ,cato1 ,de re ru/ica1 #ic ,cecco d',ascoli1 #bfg1 #ffe ,celsus1 #bhb ,aga9/ magicians1 #bgh ,true ,disc\rse1 *ap4 xix ,celsus ! m$ical writ]1 #gbg ,c5sor9us1 #ced1 #cga1 #fij ,*a]emon1 #cae1 #deg ,*alcidius1 #dgf ,*apman1 #dje ,*>les1 ,r4 ,h41 *ap4 xiii1 #dhh-i ,apocrypha & ,pseudepigrapha1 #bhg1 *ap4 xiii ,asc5sion ( ,isaiah1 #cii ,book ( ,eno*1 *ap4 xiii ,*>les & ,=bes1 *ap4 xiii ,*>les & ,morfill1 *ap4 xiii ,*>t]ius1 ,r41 #aai ,*avannes1 ,e41 et ,pelliot1 ,p41 #chc ,*iron ! c5taur1 #dcd1 #eig-h ,*\lant1 ,l41 #egh1 #fab-c ,*ri/1 ,ges*4 d4 ,grie*4 ,litt41 #aje1 #bja1 #bae1 #edj ,*ri/li*es ,kun/blatt1 #dig ,*rysippus1 #ej1 #adf ,*ryso/om1 ,john1 #dgb-f1 #dhj1 #did1 #dii ,naturis be/i>um1 #dii ,six? ,homily on ,mat!w1 #dgb-d ,spuri\s ,homily on ,mat!w1 #dgb-e ,*wolson1 ,d4 ,a41 #ffa-c ,cic]o1 #ej1 #bcb1 #eig ,div9atione1 #ig1 #bfh-gc ,dream ( ,scipio1 #bgc1 #edd ,republic1 #bgd ,cild1 see ,bald & ,cilli1 ,g4 ,g41 #eee ,cl>k & ,geikie1 #aja ,classical ,philology1 #ecj ,classical ,review1 #ba1 #ebe ,clem5t ,pseudo1 #cfc-d1 *ap4 xvii ,circuits1 #djd ,homilies1 #cfd-e1 *ap4 xvii ,it9]>ium1 #djb ,recognitions1 #bca1 #cfd-e1 *ap4 xvii ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,/romata1 #bhh1 #dgf1 #dii ,cleopatra1 #aeb1 #aif1 #fee ,cl]val1 ,h]mann le ,dalmate1 #gja-b ,cl9ton1 ,fa/i1 #abd1 #ace ,clitoma*us1 #bfh ,cockayne1 ,o41 ,lee*doms1 #eif1 #fgi1 #gbj;ff41 #gcd1 #ggf ,n>ratiunculae1 #eef ,cohn1 ,l41 #cdh1 #cea ,coll5ucius1 ,p41 #ec ,colombo1 ,de re anatomica1 #adg ,columbia ,univ]sity ,/udies 9 ,hi/ory1 etc41 #fbb ,columella1 #ej1 #ei ,colville1 ,g41 #fai ,comb>ieu1 ,j41 #f1 #efh ,compositiones ad t+5da1 *ap4 xxxiii ,compotus or ,computus1 #fgf-g ,comte1 #ajg ,confucian ,canon1 #f ,congrs sci5tifique int]national des ca?oliques1 #g1 #big1 #gja ,congress1 ,int]national1 ( ,m$ic9e1 #aca1 #ade1 #fdj1 #ffg1 #fgc ,congress1 ,int]national1 ( ,ori5tali/s1 #chj ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 *ap4 xxxii1 #egg1 #faj1 #fec1 #feg1 #gca ,antidot>ium1 #gdg ,aureus1 #geg-i ,*irurgia1 #gdg-h ,coitu1 #gdb1 #gec ,comp5dium megategni1 #gdi ,exp]im5tis1 #gec ,febrium1 #gdb1 #gej ,graduum1 #fac1 #gdh1 #gej-a1 #gee-f ,humana natura1 #fei-fj1 #geg ,melan*olia1 #feh-i1 #gdb1 #gea-b1 #gee ,oblivione1 #gdb ,pantegni1 #feh-i1 #gdf;ff4 ,simplicis m$ic9ae1 #gdh ,/oma*o1 #gdb1 #geb-c ,tegni1 ,megategni1 ,microtegni1 #gdi ,ur9is1 #gej ,viaticum1 #gdb1 #gde1 #gdi;ff41 #gec1 #gef ,con/itutiones apo/olorum1 #dbb ,conybe>e1 ,f4 ,c41 #bdg1 #cdh-i ,cook1 ,a4 ,b41 ,zeus1 #bc1 #bif1 #cgi1 #dbi ,cook1 ,a4 ,s41 #dii ,cordi]1 ,h41 see ,yule1 ,m>co ,polo ,cordo1 see ,simon ( ,g5oa ,corn>ius1 ,i41 #eff;ff4 ,corn=d1 ,f4 ,m41 #bc ,corpus ,m$icorum ,graecorum1 #aai ,cory1 ,anci5t ,fragm5ts1 #big ,cory1 ,a4 ,t41 ,horapollo1 #cca ,cosmas ,indicopleu/es1 #dhj ,co/a b5 ,luca1 #feb-i ,diff]5tia ,spiritus et animae1 #feg-i ,h]o's ,me*anics1 #ahi1 #feb ,physical ,ligatures1 #feb-g ,c\s91 ,v41 ,procli ,op]a1 #cai ,coxe1 ,h4 ,o41 #eb1 #aba1 #dgh1 #gja1 #gae ,craig1 ,j4 ,a41 #cc-d ,crates1 ,book (1 #gfc ,crateuas1 #fjf ,craw=d1 ,w4 ,s41 #edj ,creuz]1 ,f41 #bii ,cr9as ( ,m>seilles1 #ih ,crito1 #aeb ,critodemus1 #ie ,croiset1 #bhb ,crophill1 ,john1 #fhd-e ,cruice1 ,abb1 #dff ,cumont1 ,f4 ,babylon u4 d4 ,grie*4 ,a/rologie1 #cd ,ori5tal ,religions1 #ba1 #bif1 #ecc ,cunn+ham1 ,w41 #die ,cunn+ham ,memoirs ( ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 #bic ,curtiss1 ,s4 ,i41 #cc ,curtze1 #gjf ,cu%man1 ,h4 ,e41 #bf ,cyprian1 ( ,antio* ,confessio1 #bif1 *ap4 xviii ,m>tyrium1 #dbh ,cyprian ( ,c>?age1 #dfc1 #dfe ,cyril1 #cih1 #dgf ,cyril ( ,alex&ria1 #egj ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 #dbc ,dale*amps1 #cbi ,dalton1 ,o4 ,m41 #bcg1 #dih1 #fjg ,damig]on1 #bic1 #eeh1 #fje1 #ggg ,damis ( ,n9eveh1 *ap4 viii1 #djg ,damocrates1 #ace ,daniel ! prophet1 #che1 #fgi-hj ,daniel ( ,morley1 #gdd ,dante1 ,convivio1 #fai ,div9e ,com$y1 #cdj1 #cfa ,d>emb]g1 ,c4 ,v41 #fjj1 #gca1 #gcf ,gali5 comme philosophe1 #abd ,gali5 sur l'anatomie1 #abb1 #ada1 #ade ,hi/4 d4 ,sci5ces ,mdicales1 #egj-a1 #egg1 #gdc;ff4 ,notices et ,extraits1 #eih1 #gdb;ff4 ,d>emb]g et ,saglio1 #bb1 #bg1 #afd1 #bfe ,d>essy1 ,g41 #ad d',avezac1 see ,avezac ,de alum9ibus et salibus1 #fgj ,de anima1 #gff ,de la ,ville de ,mirmont1 #fgc ,de ,morgan1 #ajh ,de ,r5zi1 see ,r5zi ,de spiritu et anima1 #feh ,de vetula1 #fia ,delambre1 ,j4 ,b4 ,j41 #ajh1 #ffc ,delisle1 ,l41 #fih ,democritus1 #ej1 #eh-i1 #fa-f1 #hj1 #hd1 #ia1 #ig1 #adj1 #aif-h1 #bje1 #cbi1 #ehb1 #fje1 #fbi1 #fhb-c1 #gcc ,d5ks*r4 d4 ,akad4 ,wi51 #gc ,detlefs51 ,d41 #db1 #eb ,deut]onomy1 #dec1 #def ,dev5t]1 #caf ,dhorme1 ,p41 #cc ,dicae>*us1 #ahj1 #bac ,dict4 ,*ris4 ,biog41 #cfb-c ,dict4 ,national ,biog41 #bia1 etc4 ,dicuil1 #cbf ,didascalia ,apo/olorum1 #dbb ,didot1 #ajf1 #ahj ,didymus ( ,alex&ria1 #dfc1 #fjd ,diels1 ,h41 #aai1 #aba1 #dfh ,di]i*1 #cha ,diet]i*1 ,a41 #bhh ,diet]ici1 ,f41 #fdb ,dige/1 see ,ju/9ian ,dillmann1 #cii ,d9dimus1 #cda1 #eef ,d9dorf1 #bhb1 #dae1 etc4 ,dio ,cassius1 #bja1 #bei ,dio ,*ryso/om1 #dbe ,diocles ,c>y/ius1 #agh ,diodorus ( ,t>sus1 #dgf ,diog5es ,la]tius1 #bb1 #ig1 #aif ,diog5es ! ,/oic1 #bgc ,dionysius ! ,areopagite1 #edf-g ,dionysius ,exiguus1 #dhd ,dioscorides1 #aca1 #aed1 #aii1 #die1 #ega1 #eig1 #fje-aa1 #fac1 #fbe1 #gee1 #gfa1 #gfd ,dioscorides-,pseudo1 #bci ,h]bis fem99is1 #fji ,lapidibus1 #faa1 #fed ,dittmey]1 #bg ,dll+]1 ,i4 ,i41 #gje ,domitius ,piso1 #dd ,donatus1 ,/41 #fhd ,doro!us1 #fdh ,d\tt1 ,e41 #e ,druon1 ,h41 #edj ,dry(f1 ,a41 #gc ,dbn]1 ,fr41 #eeb ,duhem1 ,p41 ,sy/me du ,monde1 #ajf1 #def-i1 #dha1 #ejd ,dunck]1 #dff ,dun/an1 #ggc ,duruy1 #ace ,eb]s1 ,g41 #aj ,ebrubat ,zaf> filie ,elbaz>1 #gde ,ecclesia/icus1 #eaj ,edl+1 #cha ,egidius de ,tebaldis1 #aaj ,egyptian ,days1 *ap4 xxix1 app4 ii ,eliz9us1 #bfg ,elkman1 ,v4 ,w41 #dia ,elliot ,smi?1 #ab ,emp$ocles1 #bc1 #eh1 #fa1 #aec1 #bjd1 #bcd1 #bdg ,encyclop$ia ,britannica1 #cja1 etc4 ,encyclop$ia ( ,religion & ,e?ics1 #bb1 #chc1 etc4 ,endres1 ,j4 ,a41 #gec ,engelb]t ( ,lige1 #fgc ,engelbre*t1 #aaf1 #ech ,eno* ,book (1 *ap4 xiii1 #bjh1 #cej1 #cii1 #daj1 #ded1 #deg-h1 #dfc ,fifte5 ,/>s1 ,h]bs1 & ,/ones1 #ffd ,secrets (1 *ap4 xiii ,ephem]is f4 semit4 ,epig41 #chi ,ephodia1 #gde1 #gdi ,ephraem ,syrus1 #cgd1 #cha ,epi*>mus1 #hf ,epicurus1 #adj-a1 #aea1 #afi1 #ahj1 #bgj1 #dea ,epig5es1 #ie ,epim5ides1 #bcd ,epiphanius1 #dje-f1 #dgf1 #dhh1 #dii1 #ejc ,contra ha]eses1 #cfi1 #deh ,duodecim gemmis1 #die-f ,epi/4 ad ,joan4 ,j]osolymit41 #deh-i ,pan>ion1 #cfc-d1 #cfi1 #dae1 #dcd1 #did-e ,pond]ibus et m5suris1 #fbg ,epp+1 ,j41 & ,/rassmei]1 ,j4 ,n41 #cd ,erato/h5es1 #gji ,erh>d1 ,fauna d4 ,cyklad51 #gc ,erk5h>d1 #fgg ,erlang] ,beitrge z4 engl4 ,philol41 #gcc ,erman1 ,a41 #g ,ernault1 ,l4 ,v4 ,e41 #gge ,errors condemn$ at ,ox=d & ,p>is1 #fdb-c ,esdras1 ,supputatio1 #fgg1 #fhb ,e?1 #eea ,e!lwold1 #gje ,e?icus1 ,cosmographia1 #fjj-fjd ti5ne1 ,r41 see ,/ephanus ,euclid1 #bi1 #aci1 #ffc ,geometry1 #gje-f ,optics1 #ffi ,eudemus1 #bcg ,eudoxus1 #fa ,eug5e ( ,pal]mo1 #ajh ,eug5ius ,toletanus1 #fif ,eunapius1 #big ,euripides1 #bb ,eusebius1 #bfa1 #cgd1 #cie1 #dje1 #dff ,aga9/ ,apollonius1 #bdf ,praep4 ,evang41 #big1 #cag1 #cbj1 #cda1 #ced1 #deg ,eu/a*e ( ,k5t1 #efd ,eu/a?ius ,af]1 #dhd-e ,eu/a?ius ( ,antio*1 #dgj ,evans1 ,a4 ,j41 #cja ,evans1 ,e4 ,p41 #dig ,evax1 #dfc1 *ap4 xxxiv ,ev]>d1 ,john1 #bia ,ewald1 #cda ,exodus1 #chf ,eyss5h>dt1 ,f41 #ede ,fabricius1 ,j4 ,a4 ,bibl4 ,graec41 #eii1 #gdc ,cod4 apocr41 #chg1 #dbe-f ,sextus ,empiricus1 #bfi ,f>nell1 ,greece & ,babylon1 #ae1 #ag-h1 #bc-d ,fa/i ,philocaliani1 #fhf ,favor9us1 #bfi1 #bgd-e ,favre1 ,g41 #eea ,fell1 ,john1 #dbh ,f]r>ius1 #gdg ,f]ry1 ,c41 #gge ,fialon1 #dhd ,fic9us1 ,m>silius1 #cai ,f9layson1 ,j41 #aai1 #ach-i1 #adc ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,julius1 #aaf1 #abe1 #ebe-ch1 #fhi1 #fih1 #gje1 #gaj1 #ghb ,errore1 #ebe-i ,ma!sis1 #ebe-ch ,fis*]1 ,a41 #fgc ,flaccus ,africanus1 #bfg ,flor5t9us1 #dbe ,florilegia1 #fah ,flgel1 ,g41 #fdj ,fogg9ius1 #die ,folcz1 ,john1 #fab ,folk-lore1 #bd ,=bes1 see ,*>les & ,fr/]1 ,m41 #fgc ,fossey1 #ae1 #ag-bj1 #cc ,fossi1 ,f41 #ec ,f[l]1 ,h4 ,w41 & ,f4 ,g41 #bgg ,f[l]1 ,w4 ,w41 #gc ,franzsi*e ,/udi51 #dii ,fraz]1 ,j4 ,g41 #e ,folk-lore 9 ,old ,te/am5t1 #af1 #agj1 #bca1 #cda1 #cei1 #chf1 #ddh1 #dic1 #fhh ,gold5 ,b\gh1 #e1 #efh ,magic ,art1 #a1 #chf ,popul> ,sup]/itions1 #bd ,fr$]ick ,,ii1 emp]or1 #ajf1 #gcg ,free1 ,john1 #eb ,freeman1 ,hi/ory ( ,sicily1 #bb ,fre9d1 see ,fri5d ,freud1 #agh ,fri5d1 ,john1 #efi1 #egf ,frommb]g]1 ,g41 #dja ,fronto1 #ecg ,fro?+ham1 #ag ,fu*s1 #chj ,funk1 ,f4 ,x41 #dbb ,gais=d1 #cda ,gal51 *ap4 iv1 #cb1 #ef1 #bhd1 #bhh1 #bib1 #efi-gd1 #eig1 #fje1 #fac-d1 #fbf1 #fec-d1 #fef1 #ffc1 #fff-g1 #gci1 #gdg1 #ged-f ,ad ,pisonem de !riaca1 #acj1 #agj1 #agg ,alim5torum facultatibus1 #acg1 #aei ,anatom4 adm9i/41 #aba1 #abc1 #aeb ,antidot41 #aed1 #aga ,cognosc5dis cur&isque animi morbis1 #abc ,comp\nd m$ic9es1 #abe1 #aeb1 #afj1 #agb ,critical days1 #aeg1 #agi ,diagnosis f ,dreams1 #agg ,diff]5tiis pulsorum1 #acg ,d9amidis1 #gbg-h1 #gdb ,eupori/a1 see ,rem$iis p>abilibus ,foetuum =matione1 #aej ,heal+ art1 #agf ,hippocratic comm5t>ies1 #aai-ba1 #agg1 #gdi ,libriis propriis1 #abd1 #acc ,malitia complexionis div]sae1 #abe ,m$ic9al simples1 #aba1 #acb1 #aeh1 #aff-ga1 #egb1 #faa ,me?odo m$5di1 #abc1 #abg1 #acc1 #aee1 #agh ,naturalibus facultatibus1 #abc ,ord9e librorum1 #acc ,platonic comm5t>ies1 #abd1 #ach ,prognos4 ad ,epig5em1 #abd ,rem$iis p>abilibus1 #abg1 #afa1 #age ,sub/antia facultatum naturalium1 #agj ,temp]am5tis1 #aai ,!riaca ad ,pamphilianum1 #agj ,?roat & lungs1 #acd ,usu p>tium1 #aai1 #ach1 #aej-a ,v5ae sectione1 #abe ,victu1 #aai dubi\s or spuri\s ,exp]im5ts1 #afb1 #gbj ,lib] m$ic9alis1 #fjj ,m$ical ,treatm5t 9 ,hom]1 #ehb ,placitis philosophorum1 #ahj-a ,progno/ication by a/rology1 #agh ,secrets1 #geb & see ,apollonius & ,gamaliel1 ,jewi% patri>*1 #ehd-e ,gans*9ietz1 #dfg ,g>cilasso1 #ag ,g>gilius ,m>tialis1 #fjh ,g>iopontus1 #egg1 #gcc ,g>rison1 ,f4 ,h41 #afd ,g>rod1 ,h4 ,w41 #ie ,g>v]1 ,m41 #dii ,geb]1 #fgj1 #gfc ,geikie1 see ,cl>k & ,gelasius1 pope1 #chi1 #djd1 #djf ,g5ealogus1 #cbf ,g5tile da ,foligno1 #afd ,g5esis1 #aha1 #aic1 #cda1 #chf1 #dde1 *ap4 xxi1 #eba ,geoponica1 #ei1 #dfc1 #fjd-e ,g]>d ,bituric5sis1 see ,g]>d de ,solo ,g]>d ( ,cremona1 #aji-aj1 #fdf1 #fdh1 #gej ,g]>d de ,solo1 #gdg1 #gdi ,g]b]t1 *ap4 xxx ,g]son1 #ajf ,gesn]1 #cbb ,giacosa1 ,p41 #gca1 #gci ,gibbon1 ,e41 #bhe ,gibson1 ,m4 ,d41 #dbh ,gilb]t ( ,engl&1 #afb1 #egg1 #fhh ,gilb]t ,mam9ot1 #fgc ,giles de ,corbeil1 #gcg ,giles1 ,j41 #fcf & see ,egidius de ,tebaldis ,gill]t1 ,k41 #fhd ,g9zel1 ,f4 ,k41 #cd ,giovann9o di ,graziano1 #fhb ,giov5e1 ,g4 ,m41 #fhf ,giry1 ,a41 #gfd ,glab]1 see ,ra\l ,glov]1 ,t4 ,r41 #edd ,gold5 ,leg5d1 see ,jacobus de ,vorag9e ,gold/aub1 ,m41 #dig1 #ejc ,gold/aub & ,w5dr9]1 #dii ,gollancz1 ,h41 #chj ,goodw91 ,w4 ,w41 #bjb-c ,gordon1 ,b]n>d1 #fhh1 #gdj ,gospels1 #fgd1 #gbe1 #ged2 & see individual names ,gospel ( ! ,infancy1 *ap4 xvi ,g\jet1 #fgb ,g\pyl1 ,j41 #efg ,govi1 ,g41 #ajg ,graetz1 #cdi ,gratian1 ,decretum1 #fcj-a ,gray1 ,c4 ,d41 #cc ,gray1 ,l4 ,a41 #bif ,gre5wood1 ,j4 ,g41 #ahh ,gregory ,i1 ! ,great1 pope1 ,dialogues1 #dje1 #eic1 #fcg-i ,gregory ,b>-,hebraeus1 #ffb ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 #ddg1 #eje ,aga9/ ,fate1 #dga ,hexaem]on1 #dei1 #dha ,v5triloqui/1 #dgj ,gr5fell1 ,b4 ,p41 #bh1 #bic1 #cfa ,gr5fell & ,hunt1 #cfa ,griffi?1 ,f4 ,l41 #g2 & see ,?ompson & ,grimm1 ,jacob1 #efg-h1 #ehd ,gr(f1 ,egyptian ,sorc]y1 #g ,grossete/e1 ,rob]t1 #ajf1 #ahi ,grtzma*]1 ,g41 #edj ,guido ( ,arezzo1 #fih ,gu9!r ( ,&]na*1 #efg1 #egf-g ,guld5s*(f1 ,j41 #dgg ,gundissal9us1 #gdd ,gu?rie1 ,k41 #bih1 #cjc-d1 #cdi ,guyot1 ,h41 #cdi ,gwatk91 ,h4 ,m41 #ebd ,haase1 ,s5eca1 #aja ,haase1 ,f41 #cgc ,hag9s ! ,jew1 #fej ,ha91 #dih ,halliwell1 ,j4 ,o41 #gjf ,hamilton1 ,g4 ,l41 #fca ,hamilton1 ,m>y1 #fhh ,hamilton1 ,n4 ,e4 ,s4 ,a41 #fij ,haly ,heb5 ,rodan1 ,dispositione a]is1 #fdg ,pluviis1 #fdg ,ptolemy's ,quadrip>titum1 #aaj ,hamm]-,j5s51 #ajg ,hannubius1 #ecg ,hans51 ,j41 #b1 #fca ,h>d\91 #db ,h>leian ,,mss1 ,catalogue (1 #fhd-e ,h>nack1 ,a41 #dje ,ges*4 d4 alt*r4 ,lit41 #djj ,m$ic9is*es aus d4 lte/4 ,kir*5ges*41 #ach-i ,h>pe/r5g ! ,dane1 #fab ,h>r+ton1 ,s*ool ( ,sal]no1 #gca ,h>ris1 ,r5del1 #bc ,h>rison1 ,j4 ,e41 #bb1 #bea1 #cja ,h>tel1 ,w41 #cfi ,h>tfeld]1 ,k41 #bfh ,h>v>d ,/udies 9 ,classical ,philology1 #ajh-i ,h>vey1 ,john1 #bia ,hask9s1 ,c4 ,h41 #gjb ,adel>d ( ,ba?1 #feb1 #ffd ,fur!r ,notes1 #aji ,reception ( ,arabic ,sci5ce1 #fic1 #ggc ,hask9s & ,lockwood1 #ajh-i ,havell1 ,e4 ,b41 #ab1 #bea ,hea?1 ,t4 ,l41 #bi1 #cb1 #ahh ,heeg1 ,pseudodemocrit4 ,/udi51 #gcc ,hegel1 ,philosophy ( ,religion1 #a ,hegesippus1 #dbe-f ,hehn1 ,sieb5zahl u4 ,sabbat1 #af1 #cd ,heib]g1 ,j4 ,l41 #aje1 #aji1 #ahh-i ,heid]1 ,g41 #dih-i ,heigl1 ,g4 ,a41 #bii ,heim1 ,r41 #efh1 #fje ,he9s*1 ,p41 #cdi ,he9tze1 ,w41 #cii1 #djc1 #djf ,heliodorus1 #bcb ,hell]1 ,a41 #ajh1 #ahh ,helmrei*1 ,g41 #aai1 *ap4 xxv ,help]icus1 #fif ,helxai1 ,book (1 #cgb ,h5drie1 ,r41 *ap4 xxxiii ,h5g/5b]g1 ,ges*4 ,bileams1 #cec1 #ddg ,h5s*el1 #egh1 #gca1 #geh ,hephae/ion ( ,!bes1 #aae-f1 #ech ,h]aclides ( ,pontus1 #cb ,h]aclides ( ,t>5tum1 #aec1 #die ,h]aclitus1 #aha ,h]aclius1 *ap4 xxxiii ,h]aeus1 #eeb ,h]as1 #aec ,h]b>ium1 #eig2 & see ,apuleius ,h]*]1 ,r41 #bae1 #cbb ,h]manni de ymbribus et pluviis1 #fdg ,h]mannus ,contractus1 *ap4 xxx1 #gja1 #gbh ,h]mann ( ,dalmatia1 #fdi1 #gja ,h]mes1 #aje1 #aji1 #aba1 #ahh1 #bih1 #ebf1 #egf1 #eie1 #fjf1 #fji-aj1 #fab ,h]mes ,trismegi/us1 #agh1 *ap4 x1 #ecg1 #fec1 #ffa1 #gaj1 #gfc ,asclepius1 #bba1 #bij1 #eif ,fifte5 ,/>s1 ,h]bs1 ,/ones1 #cdj1 #ffd ,images & ,incantations1 books (1 #ffd ,poim&res1 #bij-a1 #cgi ,virg9 ( ! ,_w1 #bia ,h]mippus1 #ebd ,h]mog5es1 #cdb1 #dce ,h]o ( ,alex&ria1 #ajh-i1 #ahh-ic1 #bff1 #feb works li/$ at1 #ahh ,h]odotus1 #ba-b1 #abi1 #aef ,h]ophilus1 #cb1 #gg1 #ade-f1 #ahj ,h]r&us1 #gjb ,h]rick1 ,f4 ,h41 #bfg ,hesiod1 #ba1 #gg1 #bjg ,hieg1 #aai ,hi]ocles1 #bdf ,hi]onymus1 see ,j]ome ,higd51 see ,ranulf ,hildeb]t1 #dih ,hildeg>d ( ,b+51 #cdb1 #dcb1 #ffj ,hilg5feld1 ,a41 #cii-dja1 #dje ,h9cm> ( ,reims1 #fcj ,hipp>*us1 #cb1 #if1 #ecg ,hippocrates 7& ,hippocratic writ+s71 #bg1 #bi1 #di1 #eh1 #aci1 #adb1 #add1 #aej1 #agh-i1 #cef1 #ega1 #fbe1 #ffc1 #gbc1 #gce1 #gdg1 #geg ,aphorisms1 #agf ,a/rology1 #agh-i ,lett] to ,antigonus or ,maec5as1 #fjj1 #gbd ,hippolytus1 *aps4 xv1 xx1 #ajg1 #bgh1 #chg1 #cii1 #dba1 #dhb1 #gfe ,hirn1 ,y41 #f ,hirs*b]g1 ,j41 #eff ,hi/oire ,littraire de la ,france1 #afc1 #fgb1 etc4 ,hi/oris*4 ,jahrbu*1 #eda ,hi/ory ( ,?ree ,k+s ( ,cologne1 #ddd1 #ddf1 #dgg ,holmes & ,kitt]man1 #aj ,hom]1 #di1 #afi1 #bde1 #bfj1 #bgc1 #ehb ,f\rte5? ,epigram1 #dcd & see ,iliad & ,odyssey ,homily on ,magi1 #dgh-i ,hommel1 ,ae?iop4 ,physiologus1 #dih1 #ejc ,hommel1 ,f41 ,ge/irndi5/1 #cee ,hone1 #chg1 #cie ,hone9 b5 ,i%ak1 #fec1 #ffj1 #geb ,honorius ( ,autun1 #ejb ,hoot51 #ab ,hoov]1 ,h4 ,c4 & ,h4 ,l41 #acb1 #cbi ,hopf1 ,l41 #gc ,hopfn]1 ,papyri1 #bh ,hopfn]1 ,t41 #gc ,horapollo1 ,hi]oglyphics1 #cca-d ,ho/hanes1 see ,o/anes ,h[itt1 ,a4 ,w41 #bbg ,hub]t1 ,h41 #bb1 #bg1 #bfe ,huet1 ,g41 #bda ,huet1 ,p4 ,d41 #ced1 #deg-h1 #dfa1 #dfi ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor1 #fca1 #feh ,be/iis1 #dih1 #eja ,didascalicon1 #chi1 #djb ,hugh ( ,santalla1 #feb ,hugutius1 #abi ,humboldt1 ,a4 v41 #ajg ,huna9 ibn ,i%ak1 see ,hone9 b5 ,i%ak ,hunt1 see ,gr5fell & ,husik1 ,i41 #gdg ,huvel91 ,p41 #f ,hy/aspes1 #bif ,iambli*us1 *ap4 xi1 #bif ,fato1 #caf ,my/]iis1 #bhh1 #cjg;ff4 ,ibn ,abi ,usaibi'a1 #ffg ,ibn ,khallikan1 #ffg ,ignatius1 #cif ,ilg1 ,a41 #gfj ,iliad1 #ba1 #eh ,imho(-,blum]1 ,f4 und ,kell]1 ,o41 #gc ,in*(]1 #dgf ,infancy1 ,gospels (1 *ap4 xvi ,+e1 ,w4 ,r41 #bii ,int]national ,congresses1 see ,congress ,ioa*os1 #ach ,ioannes1 see ,john ,iolaos ! ,bi?ynian1 #die ,ir5aeus1 *ap4 xv1 #daa1 #dba1 #dhh ,isaac ,israeli1 #feh1 #gdf;ff4 ,isaiah1 #dfj1 #dhe2 ,asc5sion (1 #cii ,isidore ( ,seville1 #cbf1 #fja1 #fbc-cc1 #feh1 #fge1 #gji ,diff]5tiis v]borum1 #fcj1 #fcb ,etymologiae1 #fji1 #fbc-cc1 #ggg ,natura r]um1 #dja1 #fbc1 #fcb-c ,orig9es1 #dei1 #dic ,viris illus41 #chj ,israelson1 ,l41 #ada ,it9]>ium ,alex&ri1 #eec ,ivo ( ,*>tres1 #fcj ,jackson1 ,a4 ,v4 ,w41 #bif ,jacobitz1 #bhb ,jacobus ,angelus1 #ajf ,jacobus de ,p>tibus1 #efg ,jacobus ,psy*re/us1 #ege ,jacobus de ,vorag9e1 ,gold5 ,leg5d1 #dbg1 #dce1 #dge ,jacques de ,b]game1 #gjb ,jahn's ,neue ,jahrb41 #eb ,jahrbu* 7,au/rian71 #fjg ,jahrb4 d4 k4 deuts*4 ar*ol4 ,in/it41 #bh ,jahrb4 f4 ,class4 ,philologie1 #cdi1 #fje ,jahrb4 f4 ,philol4 u4 ,pdagogik1 #aje ,james1 ,protevangelium (1 *ap4 xvi ,james1 ,m4 ,r4 ,apocrypha anecdota1 #cdb ,biblical ,antiquities1 #cea ,cambridge ,,mss1 #efd1 #eig1 #fjb1 #gbc ,cant]bury & ,dov]1 #gec ,eton ,,mss1 #eb ,janus1 #egh ,janus1 ,l41 #db ,ja/r[1 ,m41 #ag1 #ai1 #cd ,jayak>1 ,s4 ,g41 #cic1 #fhh ,jean ,clop9el1 #fac ,j5n+s1 ,h41 #bia ,j5s51 ,p41 #cd ,j]emias1 #ae1 #cd ,j]gis1 #fdh ,j]ome1 #cfi1 #cih1 #ddg1 #dei1 #dfa1 #dff1 #dgf1 #dhc1 #fjj-b1 #fbe1 #fbh1 #fib ,je1 ,book (1 #cgh ,jevons1 ,f4 ,b41 #bb ,jewi% ,qu>t]ly ,review1 #cdh ,job1 ,book (1 #eaj1 #ebj ,johannitius1 see ,hone9 b5 ,i%ak ,john1 ,gospel (1 #chf1 #gei ,john ,afflacius1 #gdh1 #geg ,john ,ag>5us1 #gdh ,john ,angelus1 #ajf1 #ebe ,john ( ,antio*1 #aid ,john ,crophill1 see ,crophill ,john ( ,damascus1 #fjh ,john ( ,hilde%eim1 #ddf1 #dgg ,john ( ,london1 #fdc1 #gad ,john ,lydus1 see ,lydus ,john ( ,/4 ,am&1 #afb-c1 #gbe ,john ( ,salisbury1 ,polycraticus1 #bda1 #cjb-c1 #fca1 #fhc-d ,john ! ,scot1 #ejj1 #edg1 #fcg ,john ( ,spa91 *ap4 xxviii ,joret1 ,c41 #aa1 #gf ,josephus1 #ced1 #cff1 #dbe1 #ddf1 #gjc ,jo%ua1 ,book (1 #ceb ,j\rda91 ,c41 #fgb1 #fij ,j\rnal ,asiatique1 #fec ,j\rnal des ,savants1 #aca ,j\rnal f4 praktis*e ,*emie1 #gfc ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies1 #bff1 #cja ,j\rnal ( ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 #ccg ,j[ett1 #bf ,juba1 k+ ( ,numidia1 #di1 #bah1 #bef ,jude1 ,epi/le (1 #cdb1 #dce ,julian ! ,*aldean1 #bif1 #cag ,julian1 emp]or1 #cag1 #efh ,julian ,honorius1 #fja ,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 see ,firmicus ,julius ,val]ius1 ,res ge/ae1 *ap4 xxiv ,ju/9ian1 #ege ,dige/1 #cef1 #efh ,ju/91 ,book ( ,b>u*1 #cii ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 #cfc1 #daf1 #dba1 #dfi1 #dgf ,juv5al1 #abf1 #dcg ,kae/n]1 ,h41 #fji ,k>p9ski1 ,l4 ,c41 #ca ,katr>ios1 ,j41 #ebd ,kehr]1 ,h41 #dgf ,keil1 #di-ej ,kell]1 ,o41 #gc ,k5n$y1 ,h4 ,a4 ,a41 #cdi ,k5yon1 ,f4 ,g41 #cfe ,kepl]1 #deg1 #dgc ,kessl]1 ,k41 #chc ,kidd1 ,j41 #adg ,k+1 ,c4 ,w41 #di1 #agd1 #bic1 #cbi1 #cgi1 #efh1 #gge1 #ggg ,k+1 ,l4 ,w41 #ag1 #cc ,k+ ,james' ,v]sion1 #dga ,k+s1 ,fir/ ,book (1 #chf ,kir*(f1 ,a41 #bii ,kitt]man & ,holmes1 #aj ,klats*e1 ,e4 ,h41 #bd ,kleffn]1 ,a4 ,j41 #eda ,knyghton1 #fij ,knudtzon1 ,j4 ,a41 #cd ,kb]t1 ,h41 #eif ,ko*1 ,h41 #eda ,ko*1 ,k41 #aba ,koe*ly1 #bic ,koel]1 ,g4 ,d41 #aja ,koets*au1 ,p41 #dcf ,kopp1 ,u4 ,f41 #ede-f ,koran1 #cde ,ko/omoiros1 ,g4 ,a41 #eff ,krab+]1 ,j4 ,g41 #edj ,kraus1 ,f4 ,x41 #edj ,kritz+]1 #dgc ,krohn1 ,f41 #ahc ,kroll1 ,w4 ,analecta1 #cah-i ,h]mes1 #bij ,oraculis ,*aldaicis1 #big1 #cjh ,vettius ,val5s1 #aaf ,kroll & ,ausfeld1 #eea ,kroll et ,skuts*1 *ap4 xxiii1 #cjb1 #fij ,krp]1 #gc ,kbl]1 ,b41 #eea ,k*l]1 ,f41 #bj ,kugl]1 ,f4 ,x41 #af1 #cd ,khn1 ,c4 ,g41 *ap4 iv1 #egb1 #fje ,k/]1 ,e41 #gc ,lactantius1 #bbj1 #bda1 #bdc1 #bdf1 #dfe1 #dgi ,la ,gr&e ,encyclopdie1 #bib ,lag>de1 ,p4 ,d41 #djj ,lagrange1 ,m4 ,j41 #cd ,lamm1 ,o4 ,v41 #dbh ,lancet1 #aai-bb1 #adf-g ,lancet-,cl9ic1 #aj ,l&1 ,otia ,syriaca1 #dig-h ,langdon1 ,s41 #cd ,lapid>ius1 #die1 #ggh ,laplace1 #ajh ,lasc>is1 ,c41 #dbd ,lau*]t1 ,f41 #dig-eja ,laur5ce1 #cii ,laur5t1 ,a41 #cb ,laws ( ,h5ry ,i1 #fij ,lea1 ,h4 ,c41 #b ,leb\r1 #gc ,lecl]c1 #ej ,le ,coq1 ,a4 v41 #chc ,lee*-,book ( ,bald & ,cild1 #gbj-c ,leemans1 #fhb ,lehmann1 ,p41 #fhc ,lemaire1 #db1 #cbi ,lem9ne1 ,j41 #aci ,l5ormant1 #e1 #ag-bj1 #cb ,leo ,i1 ! ,great1 pope1 #ebj1 #ege ,leo ,allatius1 #dfi ,leo1 ar*prie/1 #eeg ,leo ( ,o/ia1 #gdc ,leonic5us1 ,n41 #ec ,letronne1 #dhj ,leucippus1 #aic ,levi1 #eea ,leviticus1 #dci1 #dei ,lewes1 ,g4 ,h41 #bi-cj1 #ej ,lewysohn1 #gc ,libanius1 #dgb1 #ech-dj1 #ehd ,libr>y ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ,bibliographical ,contributions1 #aff ,liddell & ,scott1 #abj1 #bfe ,lidzb>ski1 ,m41 #chc ,lieb]mann1 ,f41 #fij ,lie*t5/e91 ,p41 #fdb ,lilius ,tif]nates1 #cdg ,l9d]may]1 ,a41 #gc ,l9naeus1 #age ,l9us1 pope1 #dbf ,lippmann1 ,e4 ,o4 v41 #ab1 #af1 #aid1 #fdi1 #fgj1 *ap4 xxxiii ,lipsius et ,bonnet1 #cig ,li?ica1 see ,orpheus ,lobeck1 ,g4 ,a41 #bhh ,loc>d1 #gc ,lockwood1 see ,hask9s & ,locy1 ,w4 ,a41 #bi-cj ,lods1 ,a41 #cda-b ,lones1 ,t4 ,e41 #bf1 #bi ,lor5z1 #gc ,lo?1 ,o41 #fda1 #fdi ,lw5eck1 ,m41 #gcc ,loxus1 #dfj ,lucan1 #fbi ,lucian1 #bgf-hf ,alex&]1 #bdg1 #bgg1 #cgi1 #ddj1 #dfg-i1 #efa ,apologia1 #bgg ,a/rologia1 #bhb-c ,dialogues ( ! ,gods1 #bhc ,dipsadibus1 #bhd ,dream1 #bhc ,h[ to write hi/ory1 #bhd-f ,lucius1 #bgf ,m5ippus1 #bha1 #daf ,nigr9us1 #bhd ,p]egr9us1 #bgg ,philopseudes1 #bgi ,tragopodagra1 #bhd ,lucius1 #cdi ,lucretius1 #gfj ,lumby1 #fij ,lupitus ( ,b>celona1 *ap4 xxx ,lr+1 ,h4 ,l41 #aj ,lu!r1 ,m>t91 #fea ,lycon1 #bcg ,lydus1 ,john1 #fce ,lydus1 ,laur5tius1 #bdj ,macdonald1 ,d4 ,b41 #bcb1 #cef1 #fii ,mac] ,floridus1 ,de viribus h]b>um1 #fab-e ,mac]1 ,!ophilus1 #gfa ,mack9non1 #fci ,macray1 #fdb1 #gje ,macrobius1 #cee1 #edd-e ,dream ( ,scipio1 #cjb1 #ejj1 #edd1 #gji ,saturnalia1 #cjb1 #ede ,mahaffy1 ,j4 ,p41 #ace ,mai1 ,classici auctores1 #dih ,maimonides1 ,moses ,aphorisms1 #ach1 #aea1 #afd1 #agf-g ,m ,nevo*im1 #ceh ,maklu1 #ah ,mle1 ,e41 #cij1 #cig1 #dbg1 #dce1 #dge-f1 #ejb ,mane?o1 #bhi1 #bib-c ,mangey1 #cdh ,manilius1 #ie1 #fij-a ,manitius1 ,max1 #fai1 #fbc1 #fca ,mann1 ,m4 ,f41 #dig-i ,mansi1 #dii ,mantuani1 ,j41 #fjg ,mappe clavicula1 #dfh1 *ap4 xxxiii ,m>bod1 #dfc1 #gfa1 *ap4 xxxiv ,fato et g5esi1 #gha-b ,lapidum1 #gge-ha ,m>cellus1 disciple ( ,pet]1 #dbe ,m>cellus ,empiricus1 *ap4 xxv1 #eie1 #fjj1 #fjh1 #gbd1 #gfg ,m>cianus1 see ,m>tianus ,m>co ,polo1 #acb1 #bad1 #dgi1 #efd ,m>ett1 ,r4 ,r41 #f1 #bb ,m>goli\?1 #gdf ,m>ianus ,scotus1 #fhf1 #fib ,m>9elli1 #dhj ,m>9us1 #ajg ,m>9us1 ,life ( ,proclus1 #fhf ,m>k1 ,gospel (1 #chf ,m>k1 ,k4 ,f4 ,h41 #adf ,m>qu>dt1 ,i41 #aai ,m>tianus ,capella1 #cbf1 #ede-f1 #fgg1 #gji ,m>t91 ,hron1 #ahh ,m>t91 ,j41 ,philon1 #cdg ,m>t91 see ,cahi] & ,m>tyrium ( ,cyprian & ,ju/9a1 #dbh ,m>x1 ,a41 #gc ,m>x1 ,f41 #dbc ,m>y ! ,jewess1 #aif-g ,masselieau1 ,l41 #cdi ,mat!w1 ,gospel (1 #cig1 #dee1 #dga;ff41 #gcj2 ,pseudo-1 #cij ,maximus1 #dbf ,maximus ( ,aegae1 #bdd ,maximus ,taur95sis1 #dbe ,mc,kenzie1 ,k41 #dii ,mead1 ,g4 ,r4 ,s41 #bij1 #bii1 #cfi1 #cgd1 #cgg-h1 #dja1 #dbe ,me*it>i/s1 #ie1 #cff ,m$icae artis pr9cipes1 #eff;ff4 ,m$ici antiqui1 #efg1 #fab ,mela1 see ,pomponius ,mmoires c\ronns p> l',acadmie de ,belgique1 #aci ,m5&]1 #bb1 #di ,m5ecrates1 #ace ,m5elbus1 #egd ,m5tz1 ,f41 #gf ,m]curius ,cil5ius 7or ,tillemus71 #feb2 & see ,h]mes ,m]rifield1 ,mrs41 *ap4 xxxiii ,m]x1 ,a41 #aba1 #cgc ,mesue 7,yuhanna ibn ,masawaih71 #afb1 #afd ,metrodorus1 ,lett] to ,celsus1 #dda ,metrodorus1 ,byzant9e gramm>ian1 #ege ,meusel1 #eea ,mewaldt1 #aai1 #agf ,mey]1 ,e4 v41 #ggb ,mey]1 ,m4 ,p4 ,h41 #eea ,mey]-,/e9eg1 ,t41 #aba ,micah1 #ceb ,mi*ael ,scot1 #ffd1 #gjd1 #gaj ,migne1 ,dict4 d4 ,apocryphes1 #cig ,mills1 ,l4 ,h41 #cdi ,milne1 ,j4 ,s41 #ade ,milw>d1 ,e41 #acg1 *ap4 xxv ,m9ucius ,felix1 #dfe ,miskati1 #ah ,mi?ridates1 #hg1 #aga1 #die ,mitteilung5 d4 an?rop4 ,gesell4 9 ,wi51 #af ,mitteilung5 d4 ,vord]asiat4 ,gesell41 #dgc ,mod]n ,language ,publications1 #dii ,mo]ag5es 7or ,moirag5es71 #bdd1 #bdf1 #bec1 #ddh ,molbe*1 ,c41 #fab ,momms51 ,t41 #gc1 #cbf-ca1 #ebf1 #fja1 #fie ,monaci1 ,e41 #dii ,moni/1 ,!1 #fcj ,montgom]y1 ,j4 ,a41 #chd ,moon-,books1 *ap4 xxix ,morellus ,f$]icus1 #ech ,moret1 ,a41 #g ,morf1 ,h41 #eeb ,morfill & ,*>les1 *ap4 xiii ,morgan1 ,m4 ,h41 #ahc-h ,morg5lndis*e ,=s*ung51 #fdb ,mori5us ,romanus1 #fig1 #gfa ,mos]1 ,g4 ,h41 #bii ,moses ! law-giv]1 #ei1 #acg-h1 #aea1 #aie1 #cej1 #ceg1 #dcg1 #ejg ,moses b5 ,maimon1 or1 ( ,cordova1 see ,maimonides ,moses ibn ,tibbon1 #gdi ,moy5 ge1 ,le1 #bda ,mucianus1 #ha ,muell]1 ,i41 #aai ,muhammad b4 ,muh4 b4 ,t>*n b4 ,uzlag1 ,ab ,nasr1 see ,al-,f>abi ,muhammad ibn ,zak>iya1 see ,rasis ,mhle1 ,h4 v4 d41 #gc1 #acb ,muir1 ,w41 #ccg1 #fdb ,mll]1 #ffg ,mll]1 ,c41 #ajf1 #bae1 #dff1 #eeb ,mll]1 ,f4 ,w4 ,k41 #dgi ,mll]1 ,h4 ,f41 #bii ,mnt]1 ,/]n d] ,weis51 #ced-e1 #ddc1 #dgc4 ,muratori1 ,antiquitates1 #gfd ,murray1 ,m4 ,a41 #b ,musa ibn ,maimon1 see ,maimonides ,musaeus1 #gg ,muse ,guimet1 #g1 #cfj ,nagy1 ,a41 #fda1 #fdf ,nall9o1 ,c4 ,a41 #ajf ,nans5's ,nor? ,pol> ,exp$ition1 ,reports (1 #dia ,nau1 ,f41 #cgd ,naud1 ,g41 #bcd ,navigius1 #ecg ,naville1 ,e41 #g ,ne*epso1 #agc ,ne*epso & ,petosiris1 #ie1 #bic1 #ecg1 #fhb-c1 #gad ,neckam1 ,alex&]1 #cdb1 #feh1 #ggb ,negri1 #fga ,nehemiah1 #ceb ,nemesius1 #geb ,nepos1 ,*abrias1 #eeh ,neue ,jahrbu*1 #ad1 #cd1 #bib ,neues ,ar*iv d4 ,gesell4 f4 lt]e deuts*e ,ges*i*tskunde1 #fhd ,newton1 ,dict4 ( ,birds1 #bfg ,nic&]1 #agb1 #bcf-g1 #die ,nicephorus1 #deg ,ni*olson1 ,r4 ,a41 #f ,nicodemus1 ,gospel (1 #cij1 #cie ,niels51 ,d41 #cee ,nigidius ,figulus1 #eae ,nis>d1 #edd ,nix1 #fec ,noeldeke1 #eeb ,nonus1 #efi ,notk]1 ,labeo1 #fgg1 #gbh ,numb]s1 #ddd ,num5ius1 #ddc ,numisianus1 #abc ,nussey1 ,d41 see ,mle1 ,e4 ,odo ( ,meung1 #fac ,odo ( ,morimont1 #fac ,odo ( ,t\rnai1 #fgc ,odo ( ,v]ona1 #fac ,odyssey1 #eh ,oefele1 v41 #dgc ,oe/]ley1 ,w4 ,o4 ,e41 #cea1 #cii ,oll]is1 #gjf ,olympiodorus1 #aie-f1 #bib ,onesicritus1 #eec ,opp]t1 ,j41 #cd ,oribasius1 #afc1 #efh;ff41 #fjg1 #fac1 #gdf ,orig51 *ap4 xix1 #dff1 #dfi1 #dhb-c1 #dii1 #ejf ,biblical ,comm5t>ies1 #ddd-e1 #ded1 #deg1 #dfa ,pr9cipiis1 #def1 #ebj-a ,reply to ,celsus1 *ap4 xix1 #bdf1 #bgg1 #bhb1 #cdb1 #cfe-f ,orosius1 #eai1 #eef1 #fja ,orpheus1 #eh1 #fe1 #aie1 #bjf1 #bcd1 #bhb1 #bia1 #bic ,argonautica1 #bic ,li?ica1 #bic-f1 #dfc1 #ggg ,orr1 ,m4 ,a41 #af1 #aaf1 #aib1 #cdj1 #fai ,osann1 #eif ,o/anes or ,o/hanes1 #bb1 #eh-i1 #fa1 #aif-h1 #bcd1 #bif1 #dfc1 #dfe1 #eeh1 #ehb1 #gfc ,o?o ( ,cremona1 #fab ,ovid1 #fab ,halieuticon1 #gd ,vetula 7spuri\s71 #fia ,ow51 ,a4 ,s41 see ,butl] & ,padmu?iun ,a*eks&ri ,maketonazwui1 #eeb ,pagel1 ,j4 ,l41 #afc ,palaemo1 ,q4 ,remnius ,fannius1 #gfa ,palladius1 #eef1 #efi ,pamphilus1 #aed1 #aff-g1 #agh1 #bhh1 #bia1 #die ,panaetius1 #bfh ,panck\cke1 #eb1 #aja ,p&ulf ( ,capua1 #gec ,panni]1 ,l41 #gge ,panodorus1 #aid ,pappus1 #aji ,p>et1 #cha ,p>!nius1 #bae ,p>!y1 ,g41 #cjg1 #cfe ,patrick1 ,/41 #fdj ,paul1 ! apo/le1 #dje1 #eef ,paul ( ,aeg9a1 #efh;ff41 #gba1 #gdf ,paul ( ,alex&ria1 #aaf ,pauly & ,wiss[a1 #abd1 #bac1 #bda1 #bij ,pausanias1 #bad ,payne1 ,j4 ,f4 ,engli% ,m$ic9e1 #efi1 #gba1 #gcc ,relation ( ,h>vey to ,gal51 #aai-bb1 #ade-g ,peip]1 ,r41 #fai;ff4 ,pelliot1 see ,*avannes & ,pelops1 #abc1 #agj ,p5tateu*1 #cej ,p]tz1 #gjb ,petavius1 #cfc1 #edj1 etc4 ,petavius1 ,d41 #ege ,pet]1 ! apo/le1 *ap4 xvii ,acts (1 #dje ,second ,epi/le (1 #ddf ,tea*+s (1 #dje ,pet] ( ,abano1 see ,abano ,pet] ! ,ar*iat]1 #efi ,pet] ! ,deacon1 *ap4 xxxii ,pet] ( ,spa91 #afc ,pet]mann1 see ,s*w>tze & ,pet]s1 ,e41 #dig ,petosiris1 #fhb-c2 & see ,ne*epso & ,petrie1 ,f41 #ab ,petrocellus1 #fei1 #gcc-f ,petrograd ,acad4 ,sci5t4 ,imp]4 ,mmoires1 #dbh ,pez1 ,!saurus ,anecdot4 ,noviss41 #fih1 #gja1 #gjf ,pfi/]1 ,f41 #eeb1 #eef-g1 #efe ,ph]ecydes1 #bgj-a1 #egd ,philagrius1 #efg1 #egg ,phila/rius1 #dbc ,philip1 disciple ( ,b>desanes1 #cgd ,philip1 translator ( ,horapollo1 #cca ,philip ( ,?aon1 #dih ,phillipps1 ,t41 #gfj ,philo1 cit$ on plants1 #die ,philo ,judaeus1 *ap4 xiv1 #cjb1 #ddg1 #deg1 #dib ,alex&]1 #cea ,allegories1 #ceg ,biblical ,antiquities 7spuri\s71 #cea ,contemplative ,life1 #cdi-ej1 #cef ,creation1 #cdh ,dreams1 #cea-c1 #ceg-h ,excircumcisione1 #cdi ,gigantibus1 #cec ,law conc]n+ murd]]s1 #ceb ,migratione ,abrahami1 #cec-d ,mon>*ia1 #cec-d ,mundi opificio1 #cej1 #cec-g ,provid5tia1 #cea ,quod omnis probus lib] sit1 #ceb ,vita ,mosis1 #cea1 #cec1 #ceg ,virtutibus1 #cea ,philolaus1 #aha1 #bif ,philologus1 #bib1 #dbi1 #dig1 #edj1 #fhc ,philo/ratus1 ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 *ap4 viii1 #bje1 #cbi1 #cib1 #djf1 #daj ,sophi/s1 #cbb ,philum5us1 #efg1 #egg ,photius1 #bgf1 #cch ,physiologus1 #dij1 #dig-ejc ,picatrix1 #ffe ,pico della ,mir&ola1 #fjc ,piets*mann1 ,r41 #bhh ,pigh9uccius1 ,t41 #eif ,pilate1 ,acts (1 #cij ,p9d>1 #bff ,pip]1 #fgg ,piso1 #egd ,piso1 ,domitius1 #dd ,pi/is-,sophia1 #cfd1 #cgg-i ,pitra1 ,j4 ,b4 ,analecta ,sacra1 #bia1 #big ,spicilegium1 #dfc1 #dig;ff41 #fcf1 #ggg ,plate>ius1 ,mat?aeus ! ,eld]1 #gch ,plato1 #bb1 #bd-f1 #eh1 #fa1 #acg1 #aci1 #aea-b1 #ahj-a1 #bce1 #bdj1 #bdg1 #bij1 #cjc1 #cdi-ej1 #cec1 #cee1 #dfj1 #eai1 #ecb1 #fbb1 #fcb1 #gac ,laws1 #be ,republic1 #bf1 #ach1 #bab ,symposium1 #be ,timaeus1 #bd-f1 #bcg1 #big1 #djh1 #dgf1 #fbj ,plato ( ,tivoli1 #aaj ,pl9y ! ,eld]1 ,natural ,hi/ory1 *ap4 ii1 #c1 #ajj1 #acb1 #aed1 #ahg-h1 #aic1 #aii1 #bac-d1 #bch1 #bdh1 #bee1 #beg1 #bfh1 #bgc1 #bib-c1 #bif1 #cbb1 #cbe1 #cbg-i1 #cca1 #cea1 #ejc1 #eaj1 #eeh1 #ega-b1 #ehi-ia1 #fab1 #fad1 #fbd1 #fbf1 #fbh1 #gcg1 #gfa1 #gfd1 #gff1 #ghj ,o!r works li/$1 #de ,m$ic9a ,pl9ii1 #eb1 #egg1 #eie-f ,pl9y ! ,y\ng]1 #de1 #dh1 #ej ,plot9us1 *ap4 xi1 #cfa-b1 #edb ,plut>*1 *ap4 vi1 #ahj1 #bfi1 #cee1 #dha1 #ffi ,agesilaus1 #eeh ,alex&]1 #eeb ,banquet ( ,sev5 ,sages1 #bah ,bruta ratione uti1 #bag ,defectu oraculorum1 #bjc1 #bje1 #bab-c1 #bai1 #bgh ,ei apud ,delphos1 #bje1 #bab ,facie 9 orbe lunae1 #bjf1 #baa1 #bai ,g5io ,socratis1 #bje1 #bjg1 #bdj ,isis & ,osiris1 #bai ,lives1 #bja1 #bdd ,pr9ciple ( ,cold1 #bah ,procreation ( ,s\l1 #bab ,py?iae oraculis1 #bje ,quae/iones naturales1 #bag1 #bai ,romulus1 #bji1 #ccj ,s]a num9is v9dicta1 #bac ,sol]tia animalium1 #bah ,sup]/itione1 #bjc-d ,symposiacs1 #bje1 #baa-c1 #bag1 #bai ,:e!r an old man %\ld engage 9 politics1 #bja dubi\s or spuri\s ,fato1 #bjb1 #baj ,in/itutione pr9cipis1 #bjj ,placitis philosophorum1 #bjb ,riv]s & ,m\nta9s1 #bjb1 #bae ,pognon1 ,h41 #chd ,poire1 see ,ruelle et ,polemon1 #dfj ,politian1 #ec ,polybius1 #bde ,pomponius ,mela1 #cbh-i ,ponce de ,leon1 #dii ,poole1 ,r4 ,l41 ,m$ieval ,?\ght1 #fag1 #fcd ,porphyry1 *ap4 xi1 #ece ,ab/95tia1 #cad1 #cag ,introduction to ,tetrabiblos1 #aaf1 #caf ,lett] to ,anebo1 #cjg-bj ,philosophia ex oraculis1 #big ,vita ,plot9i1 #bif1 #cjj-b ,posidonius1 #aaa ,pr*t]1 ,k41 #eda ,preis5danz1 ,k41 #bh ,prell]1 ,l41 #bif1 #dbi ,prem]/e91 ,a4 v41 #fjg ,pr5o/ica ,pitagorice1 #fhd ,preus*51 ,e41 #cff ,priaulx1 ,indian ,travels1 #bdd ,pr9ce1 ,j4 ,d41 #ae ,priscian1 #cbf1 #gfa ,priscillian1 #chj-a1 #dfa ,proce$+s1 ,biblical ,ar*aeology1 #cc ,proce$+s1 ,royal ,society ( ,m$ic9e1 #bhd ,pro*>us1 #cig ,proclus1 #aaf1 #cjg1 #caf ,sacrificio et magia1 #cai-bj ,protevangelium ( ,james1 *ap4 xvi ,pruckn]1 ,m41 #ebe ,prud5tius1 #ejj ,psalms & ,psalt]1 #ddb1 #eba1 #gei ,psellus1 ,mi*ael1 #bij1 #efi1 #ggb ,ptolemy1 *ap4 iii1 #cb1 #aah1 #ace1 #bgb1 #cjg1 #cda1 #ecg1 #ffa1 #ffd1 #fff1 #gjc1 #gji-aj1 #gcg ,almage/1 #aje-i ,c5tiloquium1 #aaa ,exortatio ad artem1 #fic ,geography1 #aje-g ,music1 #ajg ,optics1 #ajg-h ,planisph]e1 #fii ,quadrip>titum1 see ,tetrabiblos ,speculis1 #ahi ,tetrabiblos1 #aaj-af1 #cjc1 #eag1 #fij-a ,pucc9otti1 ,/oria delle ,m$ic9e1 *ap4 xxxii ,pus*mann1 ,t4 ,alex&] v4 ,tralles1 #efg;ff41 #egg;ff4 ,hi/4 ( ,m$ical ,education1 #abj-a1 #abi1 #adc1 #efi1 #gca ,py?agoras1 #ej1 #eh1 #fa-c1 #fe-f1 #hj1 #ia-b1 #agf1 #ahj-a1 #bjd1 #bcb-d1 #bdg1 #bfc1 #bfi1 #bgd1 #bhh1 #cag1 #cdi-ej1 #cee1 #cgc1 #ecb ,precepta1 #fif ,pr5o/ica1 #fhd ,sph]e (1 *ap4 xxix1 #cgj ,quadrip>titus1 #fij ,quid pro quo1 #fjh ,quigg91 ,e4 ,c41 #fdj ,quili*9us1 ,aret9us1 #eeh ,qu9tillian1 ,pseudo-1 #edj ,rabanus ,maurus1 #djb1 #dhd1 #fag1 #fcj1 #fcd1 #fgc ,radl(f1 ,w41 #chb ,raidel1 ,g4 ,m41 #ajf ,ramsay1 ,w4 ,m41 #ajf ,r&1 ,e4 ,k41 #fai ,rank+1 ,g4 ,s4 ,a41 #ffg-ga ,ranulf ,higd51 #fij ,ra\l ,glab]1 #fgd ,ras*e1 ,c41 #cjg ,ra%dall1 ,h41 #gca1 #geg ,rasis1 #afd1 #fec1 #ffg-ga1 #gdh works li/$1 #ffh ,ratdolt1 ,e41 #fdi ,read1 ,c41 #e ,real5cyklopdie f4 prote/4 ,!ol41 #cha1 #cii ,regim5 ,sal]nitanum1 #gcf;ff4 ,reg9ald or ,ret9aldus1 #eb ,regulae 444 de compositione a/rolapsus1 #fii ,re9a*1 ,s41 #f ,reisn]1 ,g4 ,a41 #cd ,reitz5/e91 ,r41 #bij1 #cgi1 #eec ,r5zi1 ,s4 ,d41 ,collectio ,sal]nitana1 #egh1 #fjj1 #ffj1 *ap4 xxxi ,reuss1 ,f4 ,a41 #fac ,reuv5s1 #cfi ,revelation1 ,book (1 #chf ,rville1 ,j41 #cej ,revue des tudes anci5nes1 #fgb ,revue des tudes juives1 #eea ,revue d4 l'hi/4 d4 religs41 #cda1 #cdi ,revue ,phil41 #bia ,revue des ,que/ions ,hi/oriques1 #aac1 #fij ,rhazes1 see ,rasis ,rhe94 ,mus41 #eb ,ri*>dson1 ,e4 ,c41 #djj1 #djc1 #djf ,ri*]1 #gjd1 #gcc ,riegl]1 see ,axt & ,riess1 ,e41 #bd1 #bib-c1 #fhc ,riley1 ,h4 ,t41 see ,bo/ock & ,rob]t1 #dih ,rob]t ( ,*e/]1 #fdh1 #fig1 #gfa1 #ggc ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,w41 #cd ,rog] ,bacon1 see ,bacon ,rohde1 ,psy*e1 #bic ,rolle/on1 ,j4 ,d41 #bhd ,rom4 ,=s*41 #faj ,romanic ,review1 #dii1 #fca ,ros*]1 ,lexicon1 #cd ,rose1 ,v41 #abj1 #dfc1 #efg1 #egf1 #fja ,analecta1 #aba ,anecdota1 #eif1 #faj ,ari/oteles ,de lapidibus1 #gge1 #ggg ,,hss ,v]zei*nisse1 #gjb1 #gbj1 #gdh1 #ggd ,m$ic9a ,pl9ii1 #eie1 #fjj1 #fji1 #fab ,ptolemaeus1 #fab ,soranus1 #ega ,r\ssat1 ,r41 #aaf ,r\x de ,ro*elle1 #efd ,rck1 ,pl9ius im ,mittelalt]1 #ea ,ruelle1 #aie1 #bia2 & see ,b]!lot & ,ruelle et ,poire1 #cga ,ruellius1 #fjj ,ruff]1 ,m4 ,a41 #aa ,ruf9us1 *ap4 xvii1 #dde ,rufus1 ,melan*olia1 #gef ,ruska1 ,j41 #faa ,sackur1 ,sibyl4 ,texte1 #bhe ,sadan1 #fea ,/4 ,george ,/ock1 #cfb ,salmon1 ,g41 #cfb ,salomon ! ar*iat]1 #afa ,samuel1 ,fir/ ,book (1 #ddh ,satyrus1 #abc ,sayce1 ,a4 ,h41 #ce ,s*anz1 #eif ,s*5kel1 ,c41 #dhc ,s*epss1 ,g41 #cha1 #eai ,s*iap>elli1 #af1 #cb1 #ce ,s*i*e1 ,t41 #bfh ,s*lurick1 ,h41 #djj ,s*m]tos*1 ,r41 #bjb ,s*mid1 ,w41 #aje1 #ajh ,s*midt1 #ahh ,s*midt1 ,c41 #bii1 #cfa1 #cgg-h ,s*neid]1 ,j4 ,g41 #bcg ,s*neid]1 ,o41 #bcg ,s*neidew91 #dff ,s*ultze1 ,v41 #dig ,s*wab1 ,m41 #cc ,s*w>tze und ,pet]mann1 #cfi1 #cgg ,sci5tific ,mon?ly1 #aid ,scribonius ,l>gus1 #fjj ,scylax1 #bef ,seeck1 ,o41 #edj ,seleucus1 #bhi ,s5eca ,natural ,que/ions1 *ap4 91 #aif1 #edb1 #eec ,apocryphal correspond5ce ) ! apo/le ,paul1 #eef ,septuag9t1 #dec1 #dei ,s]apion1 #faj ,s]5us ,sammonicus1 #fjh ,se?1 #cfe1 #dgd ,se!1 #i ,sextus ,empiricus1 #aaf1 #bfi1 #bge-f1 #dfi ,sextus ,papirius ,placidus1 #eii ,%akespe>e1 #ggb ,%elley1 #dcb ,sibyll9e ,books1 #bgb1 #bhe ,sigeb]tus ,gemblac5sis1 #fac ,sij?(f1 ,a4 ,w41 #fjg ,sikes1 ,e4 ,e41 #ba ,silve/] ,,ii1 pope1 see ,g]b]t ,simon ,cephas1 ,tea*+ (1 #dbd ,simon ,cordo ( ,g5oa1 #efg1 #faj ,simon ,papi5sis1 #ebe ,simon1 ! h]etic1 ,great ,decl>ation1 #cfb2 & see ,simon ,magus 9 o!r index ,simonides1 #egd ,s+]1 ,*>les1 #cde1 #eig1 #fjg1 #fji1 #ffj1 #fgd ,sitzungsb]i*te 7,bav>ia71 #ea ,sitzungsb]i*te 7,b]l971 #aba ,sitzungsb]i*te 7,erlang571 #gfc1 #gge ,sitzungsb]i*te 7,heidelb]g71 #cd1 #ebd ,skuts*1 see ,kroll et ,smi?1 ,dict4 ,greek & ,roman ,biography1 #ajh ,smi?sonian ,report1 #ggc ,smyly1 ,j4 ,g41 #bic ,societas ,regia ,sci5ti>um1 #dfh ,sol9us1 #cbf-ca1 #eaj1 #fja1 #fbe-g1 #ggg ,solomon1 #aie1 #dea ,sophocles1 #di ,sortes sanctorum1 #fcj-a1 #gbg ,sp5c]1 ,h]b]t1 #e ,sph]a cum comm5tis1 #aji ,sph]e ( ,life & ,dea?1 #aig1 *ap4 xxix ,spiegel1 ,alex&]sage1 #eeb ,spon1 ,j41 #cgi ,spr5gel1 ,k41 #fjf ,/adl]1 ,h41 #fac ,/eele1 ,r41 ,rog] ,bacon1 #cdb1 #fjb ,/e9s*neid]1 ,m41 #ffi ,apollonius v4 ,?yana1 #bfg ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 #feg1 #gdb-c1 #gde1 #gdi1 #gef ,europis*4 b]setz41 #bhh1 *ap4 xxviii1 #gaa ,pseudepig4 ,lit41 #egh ,/ephanus1 al*emi/1 #aif1 #bib ,/ephanus1 ,m$icae artis pr9cipes1 #eff;ff4 ,/eph5 ( ,alex&ria1 #efi ,/eph5 ( ,a!ns1 #fjg ,/eph5 ( ,pisa1 #gdg-i ,/obaeus1 #bij ,/[e ,missal1 #fdj ,/rabo1 #bac2 & see ,walafrid ,/rassmei]1 ,j4 ,n41 see ,epp+ & ,/rzyg[ski1 ,j41 #dig ,/ubbs1 ,w41 #ggc ,/ck51 #ae1 #ce ,/udi ,romanzi1 #dii ,/umfall1 ,b41 #bda ,sudh(f1 ,k41 #ahh1 #fhc1 #gcg ,suetonius1 #bdd1 #dbe1 #fja ,sulla1 ,memoirs1 #bja ,sulpicius ,sev]us1 #cha1 #dbc1 #dfi ,sundevall1 #gc ,symeon ,se?1 #afd ,symon1 see ,simon ,syncellus1 #aid1 #aif1 #cda ,synesius ( ,cyr5e1 #aif1 #cbj1 #ecc1 #edj-d1 #eee ,tabit b5 ,corra1 see ,!bit b5 ,corat ,tacitus1 #bja1 #bda ,tallqui/1 ,k4 ,l41 #cc ,talmud1 #cee ,taylor1 ,h4 ,o41 #ecc ,taylor1 ,t41 #bii1 #cjg ,t5nulius1 #caf ,t]tullian1 #ddg1 #dfi1 #dgf1 #fbh ,anima1 #dfc1 #dfi ,apology1 #dfc1 #dfe ,cultu fem9>um1 #dfc ,idolatria1 #dba ,pallio1 #dic ,praescript41 #cfi ,te/am5ts ( ,twelve ,patri>*s1 #cde ,texte und ,unt]su*ung51 #bii1 ,book ,,ii passim ,?abit b5 ,corra1 see ,!bit b5 ,corat ,?ales1 #ig1 #efc ,?at*]1 ,g4 ,w41 #chc ,!atrum *emicum ,britannicum1 see ,a%mole1 ,e4 ,!bit b5 ,corat1 #ffa-f ,almage/1 #aji ,imag9ibus1 #ffd-f ,iudiciis1 #ffd ,motu octave sp]e1 #ffc ,pond]ibus1 #ffc ,!obald1 #dih1 #ejj ,!ocritus1 #bb1 #bff ,!odoret1 #cfi1 #dbc1 #ddg ,!odorus ,priscianus1 #fjh ,!odosian ,code1 #ecf1 #ehd ,!ol4 ,qu>tals*rift1 #edj ,!on ( ,alex&ria1 #aji ,!ophilus1 m$ical writ]1 #efi ,!ophilus ( ,alex&ria1 #dfa ,!ophilus1 ,to ,autolycus1 #dhc1 #dib ,!ophilus1 ,s*$ula div]s>um artium1 *ap4 xxxiii ,!ophilus ,mac]1 see ,mac] ,!ophra/us1 #bg1 #bi1 #ge1 #ha1 #ahf1 #bcf-h ,!ssalus1 #abg ,?ilo1 ,j4 ,c41 #chg1 #dgf ,?omas1 apo/le1 ,acts (1 #cgd1 #cif ,gospel (1 *ap4 xvi ,?omas ( ,cantimpr1 #ejc1 #egh1 #fjj1 #fcf1 #feh ,?omas1 ,w4 ,i41 #e1 #ag ,?ompson1 ,d',arcy ,w4 ,ari/otle z ,biologi/1 #bi-cj1 #gc1 #adf ,gloss>y ( ,greek ,birds1 #gc1 #acj1 #bee1 #bfe1 #cbd ,hi/ory ( ,animals1 #bf1 #cj1 #gc1 #dia ,?ompson1 ,c4 ,j4 ,s41 #aca ,?ompson1 ,h41 #g1 #bg-h ,?ompson1 ,r4 ,c41 #ae1 #ah1 #cc ,?orndike1 ,l41 #ba1 #bf1 #ebe ,?rasyllus1 #ii ,?ucydides1 #bdd ,tis*5dorf1 *ap4 xvi ,tittel1 ,k41 #aic ,tobit1 ,book (1 #fhh ,todd1 ,t4 ,w41 #aj1 #gbc ,tor9us1 ,a41 #efg1 #egg ,toz]1 #aca ,transactions ( ,am]ican ,philological ,association1 #bd1 #bh1 #bic ,transactions ( ,prov9cial ,m$ical & ,surgical ,association1 #adg ,transactions ( ,society ( ,biblical ,ar*aeology1 #ce ,treitel1 ,l41 #cdi ,tribonian1 #efh ,tri!mius1 #feh1 #gjb ,trotula1 #gdj ,turn]1 ,s41 #fcc ,twelve ,tables1 #bcd ,twysd51 #fij ,ty*o ,brahe1 #deg ,ty*s51 ,o4 ,g41 #dig ,tyr:itt1 #bic ,ung]1 ,f41 #gf ,univ]sity ( ,nebraska ,/udies1 #bd ,us5]1 #fai ,val5t9elli1 ,j41 #afd ,val]ius ,soranus1 #ej2 & see ,julius ,val]ius ,valois1 ,n41 #djb ,valpy1 #db ,v>ro1 #ej1 #bji1 #bci1 #ccj1 #fbe ,v$as1 #bea ,v]gil1 #ig1 #edd1 #fja1 #fab1 #fia ,vettius ,val5s1 #aaf ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais1 #cdb1 #chi1 #djb-c1 #ejc1 #fjj1 #feh1 #ffj1 #ffi-gj1 #fhg1 #gdd1 #geg ,v9danius ,anatolius1 #fjd ,vir*['s ,ar*iv1 #ffh1 *ap4 xxxii ,virolleaud1 ,c41 #ce ,vitruvius1 #adc1 #ahc-h1 #aii1 #fja ,vogel/e91 #eeb ,vogl1 ,s41 see ,bjrnbo & ,voigt1 ,h4 ,g41 #dgc ,volkmann1 ,r41 #bii1 #edj ,vossius1 ,i41 #bef ,vulgate1 #fhh ,waitz1 ,h41 #djj1 #dje1 #ffc ,walafrid ,/rabo1 #fab-c1 #fae ,walk]1 ,a41 #chg ,waztalkora1 #fii ,webb1 ,c4 ,c4 ,i41 #cjc1 #fca1 #fhd ,web]1 ,c4 ,f4 & ,caes>1 ,j41 #dbf ,web]1 ,o41 #cc ,web/]1 ,h41 #af1 #fhf ,weiss5b]g]1 ,b41 #bjb ,wellmann1 ,m41 #aba1 #ach1 #fjf1 #fjh1 #faj ,w5dl&1 ,p41 #cdh1 #cej ,wes*]1 ,c41 #ahh ,wessely1 ,c41 #cfe1 #fjg ,we/5b]g]1 #aai ,we/]mann1 ,a41 #eeb ,we/]m>ck1 ,e41 #gc ,wick]%eim]1 ,e41 #fgc-d1 #fhc1 #fib1 #fih1 #gji ,wi$emann1 ,a41 #g-h1 #ad ,wi$emann1 ,e41 #fdi1 #gfc ,wilck51 #ab ,william ( ,auv]gne1 #djb1 #gbe ,william le ,cl]c1 #dig-i ,william ( ,malmesbury1 #fij1 #gjd-f1 #gaj1 #gad ,william ( ,mo]beke1 #agi ,william de ,saliceto1 #fja ,wimm]1 see ,aub]t & ,w9ckl]1 #ae1 #ce ,w9delb&1 ,w41 #bf ,w9dis*1 ,h41 #cdi ,w9dis*mann1 #bif ,w9sor1 ,j41 #ajf ,)+ton1 ,e41 #ebj1 #ffg-h ,wolf1 ,c41 #fjg ,wolf1 ,h41 #caf ,wolff1 ,g41 #big ,woltmann & ,wo]mann1 #fjg ,wool/on1 ,t41 #chh ,wright1 ,t41 #eef ,wns*1 ,r41 #bh1 #cff ,wuttke1 ,m4 ,h41 #fja ,wynkyn de ,worde1 #dgh ,wytt5ba*1 #bii ,xan?us1 #ge ,x5ocrates ,aphrodisi5sis1 #afg ,x5ophanes1 #ahj1 #bgj ,x5ophon1 #bb ,ya'kb ibn ,i%k ibn ,sabbh1 see ,alk9di ,yonge1 ,c4 ,d41 #cdi ,yuhanna ibn ,masawaih1 see ,mesue ,yule1 ,h41 ,m>co ,polo1 #acb1 #bad1 #dgi ,za*]1 ,j41 *ap4 xxiv ,zeits*rift f4 gypt4 ,spra*e1 #aj1 #ce ,zeits*rift f4 deuts*4 ,morg5dl4 ,gesell41 #aba1 #bfg ,zeits*rift f4 klass4 ,philol41 #geb ,zeits*rift f4 ,ma?41 #ffa ,zeits*rift f4 neute/4 ,wiss41 #dja ,zeits*rift f4 wiss4 ,!ol41 #djj ,zell]1 ,e41 #bd1 #caf ,z]vs1 ,s41 #eff ,ziegl]1 ,k41 *ap4 xxiii ,zimm]n1 #ai1 #cb1 #cd ,zopyrus1 #dfj ,zoroa/]1 #eh-i1 #bjf1 #bce1 #bha1 #bie1 #cif1 #dae1 #dce1 #fje1 #fbi ,zosimus1 #aca1 #aie1 #aih1 #bij1 #bib ,,index ,,( ,,manuscripts ,additional #hibh1 p4 #fji ,additional #aajce1 p4 #ejj ,additional #aebcf1 pp4 #fid1 #gaf ,additional #aghjh1 *ap4 xxx ,additional #bbcih1 p4 #fie ,additional #bbgai1 p4 #fed ,additional #cdaaa1 p4 #egh ,al5on #aj1 p4 #dhd ,ami5s #bbb1 p4 #fcd ,ami5s #dha1 p4 #dgh ,ami5s fonds ,lescalopi] #b1 p4 #fgf ,ami5s fonds ,lescalopi] #cj1 p4 #dhd ,amplon4 ,folio #da1 p4 #faa ,amplon4 ,octavo #fb1 p4 #gdg ,amplon4 ,octavo #fb;a1 p4 #fab ,amplon4 ,octavo #fb;b1 p4 #fab ,amplon4 ,qu>to #ab1 p4 #eeh ,amplon4 ,qu>to #aea1 p4 #fdc ,amplon4 ,qu>to #agd1 p4 #ffe ,amplon4 ,qu>to #bjd1 p4 #egh ,amplon4 ,qu>to #cab1 p4 #ffd ,amplon4 ,qu>to #cdi1 p4 #fdc ,amplon4 ,qu>to #ceb1 p4 #fea ,amplon4 ,qu>to #cfe1 p4 #fej ,amplon4 ,qu>to #chj1 p4 #fid ,amplon4 ,qu>to #cha1 p4 #cdj ,amplon4 ,ma?4 #dh1 #fdc ,amplon4 ,ma?4 #ec1 p4 #cdj ,amplon4 ,ma?4 #ed1 p4 #bfg ,ars5al #hhj1 p4 #fej ,ars5al #iha1 p4 #ajf ,ars5al #ajcf1 p4 #fej ,arundel #bdb1 p4 #eef ,arundel #bie1 p4 #fae ,arundel #cai1 p4 #fhc ,a%burnham 7,flor5ce7 #acj1 p4 #fhb ,a%mole #agi1 p4 #fdh ,a%mole #ahi1 p4 #fha ,a%mole #bji1 p4 #fdh ,a%mole #cdf1 p4 #ffe ,a%mole #cfa1 pp4 #fha1 #fhh ,a%mole #cfi1 pp4 #fdh1 #gad ,a%mole #cfi-,v1 p4 #fej ,a%mole #cic1 p4 #fej ,a%mole #dcd1 p4 #fdh ,a%mole #adca1 pp4 #eig1 #eii1 #fji ,a%mole #adfb1 p4 #eig ,avran*es #bce1 p4 #ffd ,balliol #abd1 p4 #eb ,balliol #adf;,a1 p4 #eb ,balliol #bca1 p4 #aba ,bamb]g ,l-,,iii-#i1 pp4 #faj1 #gdg ,b>b]9i 7,rome7 ,,ix1 #bi1 p4 #fji ,b]l9 #abh1 p4 #fcd ,b]l9 #acj1 p4 #fcd ,b]l9 #aca1 p4 #fie ,b]l9 #afe1 p4 #gbj ,b]l9 #gii1 p4 #dgg ,b]l9 #hjj1 p4 #dgg ,b]l9 #hih1 p4 #gdh ,b]l9 #ijb1 p4 #afc ,b]l9 #ijc1 p4 #afc ,b]l9 #ief1 pp4 #gjb1 #ggd ,b]l9 #ifc1 pp4 #cdj1 #ffe ,b]l9 #ifd1 p4 #ffe ,b]n>d #bcbe1 p4 #dgh ,,bn ,greek #icj1 p4 #dja ,,bn ,greek #bagi1 p4 #fjg ,,bn ,greek #bcaf1 p4 #egh ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #bbi1 pp4 #fgg1 #gjb1 #gbe1 #gbh;ff4 ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #dij1 p4 #dhd ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #faf1 p4 #fdc ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afab1 p4 #fcd ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afae1 p4 #fcd ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afaf1 *ap4 xxix ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afai1 p4 #ega ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afcb1 p4 #fcd ,,bn #agja & #agjb1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #agah to #agbg1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #aghg;,a1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #bbjj1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #bchg1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #beih1 p4 #gaj ,,bn #bfba1 p4 #ggf ,,bn #bfcc1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #bfcg1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #bfch1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #bfie;,a1 p4 #eef ,,bn #bghj1 p4 #ejj ,,bn #bhgd1 p4 #eef ,,bn #cffj;,a1 pp4 #fha-b ,,bn #chcf1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #dabf1 p4 #eef ,,bn #dafa1 p4 #gad ,,bn #dhja to #dhjd1 p4 #ajf ,,bn #dhch1 p4 #ajf ,,bn #dhgg1 p4 #eef ,,bn #dhhj1 p4 #eef ,,bn #ejfb1 p4 #eef ,,bn #ebci1 p4 #fib ,,bn #eedc1 p4 #fcd ,,bn #faba1 p4 #eef ,,bn #fahf1 p4 #eef ,,bn #fbif1 p4 #feg ,,bn #fcai1 p4 #feg ,,bn #fcbb1 p4 #feg ,,bn #fcbc;,a1 p4 #feg ,,bn #fcbe1 p4 #feg ,,bn #fcfe1 p4 #eef ,,bn #fche1 p4 #eef ,,bn #fejc1 p4 #eef ,,bn #fead1 pp4 #ffd1 #fgj ,,bn #fefg;,a1 p4 #feg ,,bn #fefi1 p4 #feg ,,bn #fhaa1 p4 #eef ,,bn #fhca1 p4 #eef ,,bn #fhhj1 pp4 #efg1 #ehd ,,bn #fhha1 p4 #egg ,,bn #fhhb1 p4 #egg ,,bn #fied1 p4 #fjj ,,bn #fieg1 p4 #fjj ,,bn #figh1 p4 #fdh ,,bn #gjbh1 pp4 #fgd1 #gbh ,,bn #gaef1 p4 #fgj ,,bn #gaie1 p4 #ffc ,,bn #gbhb1 p4 #ffe ,,bn #gbii;,a1 pp4 #fgf1 #fgi1 #fhf1 #fif ,,bn #gcaf1 pp4 #fdg1 #feb ,,bn #gcbh1 p4 #fdg ,,bn #gcbi1 p4 #feb ,,bn #gccb1 p4 #fdg ,,bn #gccg1 pp4 #ffd1 #fhg ,,bn #gcdi1 p4 #gaf ,,bn #gcea1 ,p4 #gaf ,,bn #gcgg;,b1 p4 #ffc ,,bn #gdab1 p4 #fii ,,bn #gdah1 pp4 #dfc1 #ggg ,,bn #gdbd1 p4 #ffc ,,bn #gddj1 p4 #fdg ,,bn #gdhb1 p4 #fdg ,,bn #gdhf1 pp4 #fic1 #gaf ,,bn #gefa1 p4 #eef ,,bn #hbdg1 p4 #feg ,,bn #heja;,a1 p4 #eef ,,bn #heah1 p4 #eef ,,bn #heba;,a1 p4 #eef ,,bn #hfjg1 p4 #eef ,,bn #iccb1 pp4 #ega1 #egf1 #faj ,,bn #ajbcc1 p4 #ega ,,bn #ajbfj1 p4 #ffc ,,bn #ajbga1 p4 #gae ,,bn #aafbd1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #abacd1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #abace1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #abacf1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #abiie1 p4 #fji ,,bn #acjad1 p4 #cdj ,,bn #acccf1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #accej1 p4 #dde ,,bn #aciea1 p4 #bfg ,,bn #adgjj1 p4 #gdd ,,bn #adhdg1 p4 #dhd ,,bn #aefhe1 p4 #fcd ,,bn #afjhb1 p4 #feg ,,bn #afjhc1 p4 #feg ,,bn #afjhh1 p4 #feg ,,bn #afadb1 p4 #feg ,,bn #afbjd1 p4 #fej ,,bn #afbaf1 p4 #fif ,,bn #afdij1 p4 #feg ,,bn #afhai1 pp4 #dgf1 #dgh ,,bn #aghfh1 p4 #fhc1 *ap4 xxx ,bodleian #bf1 p4 #fid ,bodleian #agg1 p4 #fid ,bodleian #bff1 pp4 #ffd1 #gje1 #gaj ,bodleian #dfc1 pp4 #feb1 #ffe ,bodleian #bjfj1 p4 #geh ,bologna #ieb1 p4 #eb ,bologna ,univ]sity ,libr>y #cgh1 p4 #faj ,bruce ,papyrus1 p4 #cgh ,brussels 7,libr>y ( ,dukes ( ,burgundy7 #aghb1 p4 #dhd ,brussels #bghd1 p4 #feg ,brussels #hhij1 p4 #ggf ,brussels #ajjgd1 p4 #dih ,brussels #aedhi1 p4 #geh ,cambrai #aie1 p4 #fif ,cambrai #bbi1 p4 #fif ,cambrai #hbi1 p4 #fif ,cambrai #hfa1 p4 #fif ,cambrai #ijg1 p4 #geh ,cambrai #iad1 p4 #geh ,cambrai #ibe1 p4 #fcc ,canon4 ,misc4 #cgj1 p4 #fdc ,canon4 ,misc4 #eag1 p4 #fhb ,cas94 #ig1 p4 #egg ,*alons-sur-,m>ne #g1 p4 #fie ,*>tres #fc1 p4 #dhd ,*>tres #aac1 p4 #fib ,*>tres #cdb1 p4 #egg ,,clm #bg1 p4 #ffe ,,clm #ea1 p4 #fej ,,clm #ei1 p4 #ffe ,,clm #afa1 pp4 #gdi-ej ,,clm #afh1 p4 #gej ,,clm #ahg1 p4 #gej ,,clm #bae1 p4 #efj ,,clm #bgj1 p4 #gej ,,clm #ccg1 p4 #faj ,,clm #cdd1 p4 #cgg ,,clm #cib1 p4 #fdh ,,clm #dhi1 p4 #fdh ,,clm #ebg1 p4 #gaf ,,clm #efj1 pp4 #eei1 #fih1 #gaj ,,clm #ehh1 p4 #ffd ,,clm #fba1 p4 #bda ,,clm #hbf1 p4 #fea ,,clm #adhg1 p4 #fej ,,clm #aejc1 p4 #fej ,,clm #bedi1 p4 #dhd ,,clm #cgbh1 p4 #dhd ,,clm #fbeh1 p4 #dhd ,,clm #fchb1 pp4 #fgh1 #fhj ,,clm #iiba1 p4 #fgh ,,clm #aacai1 p4 #eef ,,clm #acjcd1 p4 #gdi ,,clm #acjgi1 p4 #dhd ,,clm #adcii1 p4 #dhd ,,clm #adehc1 p4 #ajf ,,clm #adhcf1 p4 #gja ,,clm #ahaeh1 p4 #fcd ,,clm #ahfba1 p4 #dgg ,,clm #ahfbi1 pp4 #fgd1 #fic1 #fif ,,clm #ahgfd1 p4 #fgd ,,clm #aidag1 p4 #ejj ,,clm #aiedd1 p4 #dgg ,,clm #aifdh1 p4 #dih ,,clm #baeeg1 p4 #fcd ,,clm #bafbg1 p4 #dgg ,,clm #bbcjg1 p4 #fib ,,clm #bccij1 p4 #fif ,,clm #bcdgi1 p4 #gge ,,clm #bcece1 p4 #ega ,,clm #bcghg1 p4 #dih ,,clm #bchci1 p4 #dgg ,,clm #bdega1 p4 #dgg ,,clm #bejgc1 p4 #dgg ,,clm #bffhh1 p4 #dgg ,corpus ,*ri/i #hb1 p4 #eee ,corpus ,*ri/i #aad1 p4 #feg ,corpus ,*ri/i #acd1 p4 #dgf ,corpus ,*ri/i #aed1 p4 #feg ,corpus ,*ri/i #ahi1 p4 #egh ,corpus ,*ri/i #bcc1 p4 #feb ,corpus ,*ri/i #bed1 p4 #fdh ,cortona #aaj1 p4 #afd ,cotton ,app5dix ,,vi1 pp4 #fdc1 #fdf ,cotton ,caligula ,a1 ,,xv1 pp4 #fhj1 #fie ,cotton ,galba ,e1 ,,viii1 p4 #dgg ,cotton ,n]o ,d1 ,,viii1 p4 #eef ,cotton ,tib]ius ,a1 ,,iii1 *ap4 xxix ,cotton ,tib]ius ,c1 ,,vi1 p4 #fib ,cotton ,titus ,d1 ,,xxvi1 *ap4 xxix ,cotton ,titus ,d1 ,,xxvii1 p4 #fha ,cotton ,vespasian ,b1 ,x1 p4 #fja ,cotton ,vitellius ,a1 ,,xii1 p4 #fie ,cotton ,vitellius ,c1 ,,iii1 pp4 #eig1 #fab ,cotton ,vitellius ,c1 ,,viii1 p4 #fie ,,cul #bac1 p4 #fjb ,,cul #gfh1 p4 #gge ,,cul #acch1 p4 #fgh ,,cul #adbi1 p4 #eeh ,,cul #afhg1 p4 #fgi ,,cul #agfg1 pp4 #aaj1 #ffc ,,cul ,ii-i-#ac1 p4 #feb ,,cu ,cl>e #ae1 p4 #fdg ,,cu ,corpus #aic1 p4 #dhd ,,cu ,jesus #dd1 p4 #faj ,,cu ,tr9ity #hhd1 p4 #dih ,,cu ,tr9ity #ijf1 p4 #gdh ,,cu ,tr9ity #icf1 p4 #fdc ,,cu ,tr9ity #ide1 p4 #fie ,,cu ,tr9ity #ihg1 p4 #fhj ,,cu ,tr9ity #ajda1 pp4 #dja1 #eeg ,,cu ,tr9ity #ajdd1 p4 #gbd ,,cu ,tr9ity #ajfd1 p4 #gdi ,,cu ,tr9ity #aaji1 pp4 #fgh1 #fic ,,cu ,tr9ity #aaeb1 pp4 #eig1 #eii ,,cu ,tr9ity #acfe1 p4 #gec ,,cu ,tr9ity #acfi1 pp4 #fhf1 #fib1 #fie ,,cu ,tr9ity #addf1 p4 #efd ,digby #cj1 p4 #dbh ,digby #dj1 p4 #fdf ,digby #dc1 p4 #fjj ,digby #ea1 p4 #aaj ,digby #eh1 p4 #fic ,digby #fc1 pp4 #fhf1 #fie ,digby #fg1 pp4 #cdj1 #fdg ,digby #fh1 pp4 #fdg1 #feb ,digby #gi1 p4 #egh ,digby #hc1 pp4 #gje-g ,digby #hf1 p4 #fgh ,digby #hh1 p4 #fha ,digby #ia1 pp4 #fdc1 #fdf1 #fdh ,digby #ib1 p4 #fdg ,digby #ic1 p4 #fdg ,digby #adg1 p4 #fdg ,digby #agd1 pp4 #gja-b ,digby #agf1 p4 #fdg ,digby #ahc1 pp4 #fdc1 #fdf ,digby #aid1 pp4 #feb1 #ffe ,dijon #ddh1 p4 #fie ,dijon #ajde1 p4 #fej ,edw9 ,smi? ,papyrus1 p4 #ab ,eg]ton #hba1 pp4 #fgg-ha1 #fhd1 #gbf-i ,eg]ton #hbc1 p4 #fii ,escorial ,q-,i-#d1 pp4 #eb-c ,escorial ,r-,i-#e1 pp4 #eb-c ,escorial -,,ii-#i1 p4 #gde ,eton #acc1 ,bl4#d4f1 p4 #eef ,eton #acd1 ,bl4#d4g1 p4 #eb ,exon4 #bc1 p4 #feh ,flor5ce ,,ii1 iii1 #bad1 pp4 #fec1 #ffe ,gonville & ,caius #aji1 p4 #feh ,gonville & ,caius #cde1 p4 #eii ,gonville & ,caius #djj1 p4 #egg ,gonville & ,caius #daa1 p4 #gdb ,gr5oble #bjh1 p4 #ejf ,gr5oble #beh1 p4 #dhd ,gubbio #be1 p4 #dii ,h>leian #a1 p4 #fej ,h>leian #ac1 pp4 #fdc1 #ffc ,h>leian #hj1 pp4 #cdj1 #ffe ,h>leian #ebg1 p4 #eeg ,h>leian #aehe1 pp4 #eig1 #fji1 #fif ,h>leian #afab1 p4 #cdj ,h>leian #agce1 p4 #fhd ,h>leian #bbeh1 p4 #fgg ,h>leian #cjag1 pp4 #fgg1 #fhj1 #fie ,h>leian #cjii1 p4 #fbc ,h>leian #cbga1 p4 #fie ,h>leian #cfdg1 pp4 #ffc1 #ffe ,h>leian #chei1 p4 #fja ,h>leian #cifi1 p4 #bda ,h>leian #dcdf1 p4 #fab ,h>leian #dihf1 pp4 #eig1 #fjh ,h>leian #ebid1 p4 #fji ,h>leian #ecaa1 p4 #fid ,hatton #gf1 p4 #ggf ,hunt]ian #dd1 p4 #ffg ,ivrea #c1 p4 #fcd ,ivrea #f1 p4 #fcd ,ivrea #ai1 p4 #fib ,laon #djg1 p4 #fib ,laud4 ,misc4 #bdg1 pp4 #dih1 #eef ,laud4 ,misc4 #efg1 pp4 #gdi1 #gea ,laud4 ,misc4 #eid1 pp4 #fej-a ,laud4 ,misc4 #feh1 pp4 #ddd1 #dgg ,laur5tianus xxxviii1 #bd1 p4 #fhc ,laur5tianus ,plut4 #fh1 #b1 p4 #bda ,l9coln ,college #cd1 p4 #cea ,lucca ,i1 ,l1 p4 #gfd ,lucca #bcf1 pp4 #eig1 #fie ,lyons #cbh1 p4 #ffd ,madrid #ajjaf1 p4 #fic ,magliabe*4 ,,iv1 #fc1 p4 #dii ,magliabe*4 ,,xi1 #aag1 p4 #ffc ,magliabe*4 ,,xx1 #bj1 p4 #ffe ,le ,mans #ae1 p4 #dhd ,le ,mans #bfc1 p4 #eb ,m]ton #bai1 p4 #abe ,monte ,cass9o #ig1 p4 #egg ,montpelli] #bgg1 pp4 #fjj1 #faa1 #ggf ,muni*1 ,lat9 ,,mss41 see ,,clm ,new ,college ,,ms41 unnumb]$1 p4 #eb ,nov>a #dj1 p4 #dhd ,orlans #ce1 p4 #dhd ,orlans #aib1 p4 #dhd ,orlans #bgf1 p4 #fib ,ottobon4 #ddc1 p4 #dja ,palat4 ,lat4 #dhg1 p4 #fgc ,pembroke #bgh1 p4 #fgf ,p]ugia #gcf1 p4 #eih ,rawl9son ,c-#aag1 p4 #fdc ,rawl9son ,c-#cbh1 pp4 #eig1 #fjj1 #gdf ,ricc>d4 #aai1 p4 #fgj ,ricc>d4 #abbh1 p4 #ggf ,royal #b-;,c-,,xii1 p4 #dih ,royal #d-;,a-,,xiii1 p4 #fe ,royal #ab-;,b-,,xvi1 p4 #egg ,royal #ab-;,c-,,iv1 pp4 #eed1 #eef ,royal #ab-;,c-,,xviii1 pp4 #bfg1 #cdj1 #ffd ,royal #ab-;,e-,,xx1 p4 #egg ,royal #ab-;,f-,x1 p4 #fe ,royal #ac-;,a-,i1 pp4 #eed-e1 #efd-e ,royal #ae-;,b-,,ii1 p4 #fja ,royal #ae-;,b-,,ix1 p4 #gja ,royal #ae-;,c-,,iv1 p4 #fja ,royal #ae-;,c-,,vi1 pp4 #eed1 #eef ,royal #ag-;,a-,i1 p4 #gje ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,cant]bury #aaff1 p4 #fdc ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,cant]bury #aagb1 p4 #gad ,/4 ,gall #gea1 p4 #eif ,/e4 ,g5evive #bbdj1 p4 #fdc ,/4 ,john's #ag1 p4 #fhj ,/4 ,john's #he1 p4 #gdg ,/4 ,john's #abh1 p4 #cdi ,s4 ,m>co #agi1 p4 #feh ,s4 ,m>co ,,xi1 #ajb1 p4 #ffe ,s4 ,m>co ,,xi1 #aaa1 p4 #fid ,s4 ,m>co ,,xiv1 #g1 p4 #afd ,s4 ,m>co ,,xiv1 #bf1 p4 #afd ,savile #ae1 p4 #feb ,s*le/adt ,,ms41 pp4 #gfe1 #gfi ,seld5 #cdfg1 p4 #fdc ,seld5 supra #gf1 p4 #fdc ,semur #aj1 p4 #dhd ,sloane #dge1 *ap4 xxix1 pp4 #gbc-f ,sloane #acje1 p4 #ffe ,sloane #aega1 p4 #eii ,sloane #afai1 p4 #eef ,sloane #agcd1 p4 #bia ,sloane #aige1 pp4 #eig1 #fji1 #fif ,sloane #bjcj1 p4 #feb ,sloane #bded1 p4 #feg ,sloane1 #bdfa1 pp4 #fha1 #fif ,sloane #bdgb1 p4 #gaf ,sloane #bhci1 pp4 #gbc-d ,sloane #ceed1 p4 #gaf ,sloane #chba1 p4 #cdj ,sloane #chbf1 p4 #bfg ,sloane #chdf1 p4 #ffe ,sloane #chdg1 pp4 #cdj1 #ffe ,sloane #chdh1 pp4 #bfg1 #faa ,sloane #cheg1 p4 #gaf ,sloane #chhc1 p4 #ffe ,soissons #aba1 p4 #dhd ,tann] #aib1 p4 #ffc ,tur9 ,k-,,iv-#c1 p4 #fji ,univ]sity ,college #cc1 p4 #dgg ,univ]sity ,college #hi1 p4 #gej ,vatican #ahj to #ahe1 p4 #cdi ,vatican #bfi to #bgc1 p4 #dhd ,vatican #fdb1 p4 #fic ,vatican #fdd1 pp4 #fic1 #fie ,vatican #fde1 p4 #fgd ,vatican ,palat4 ,lat4 #agf1 p4 #fib ,vatican ,palat4 ,lat4 #bce1 *ap4 xxix ,vatican ,palat4 ,lat4 #dhe1 *ap4 xxix ,vatican ,palat4 ,lat4 #hei1 p4 #dgg ,vatican ,urb4 ,lat4 #bij1 p4 #fic ,v5dme #aji1 pp4 #egg-h ,v5dme #abb1 p4 #dhd ,v5dme #abi1 p4 #dhd ,v5dme #agb1 p4 #egg ,v5dme #age1 p4 #egg ,vi5na #cjc1 p4 #dii ,vi5na #bbde1 p4 #fgi ,vi5na #bbgb1 p4 #fjd ,vi5na #bcgh1 p4 #ffe ,vi5na #bche1 p4 #fdg ,vi5na #bdcf1 pp4 #fdg1 #fej ,vi5na #beaa1 p4 #dii ,vi5na #becb1 pp4 #fae1 #fha1 #fic ,vi5na #cabd1 p4 #bfg ,vi5na #cbjg1 p4 #fac ,vi5na #cbee1 p4 #ccb ,vi5na #ebjc1 p4 #ffc ,vi5na #ebaf1 p4 #cdj ,vi5na #ecga1 p4 #fji ,vi5na #ajehc1 p4 #fea ,v9d4 ,m$4 #bi1 p4 #dii ,we/c> ,papyrus1 p4 #h ,wolf5bttel #bgbe1 p4 #cdj ,wolf5bttel #bhhe1 p4 #ffh ,wolf5bttel #cbff1 p4 #dgg ,wolf5bttel #ddce1 p4 #dih ,wolf5bttel palimpse/1 p4 #aba ,,footnotes3 #a ,h4 ,cotton1 ,five ,books ( ,maccabees1 #ahcb1 pp4 ix-x4 #b ,b ,pr(essor ,hask9s' rec5t article 9 ,isis on 8,mi*ael ,scot & ,fr$]ick ,,ii0 & my *apt] on ,mi*ael ,scot 7 writt5 q indep5d5tly4 #c ,lectures on ! ,philosophy ( ,religion2 quot$ by ,sir ,james ,fraz]1 ,! ,magic ,art 7#aiaa71 ,i1 #dbf4 #d ,t field has already be5 treat$ by ,joseph ,hans51 ,zaub]wahn1 ,inquisition und ,hex5prozess im ,mittelalt]1 #aijj1 & w be fur!r illum9at$ by ,a ,hi/ory ( ,wit*craft 9 ,europe1 soon to be edit$ by ,pr(essor ,george ,l4 ,burr f ,h4 ,c4 ,lea's mat]ials4 ,see also a "w j publi%$ by ,miss ,m4 ,a4 ,murray1 ,! ,wit*-,cult 9 ,we/]n ,europe1 ,ox=d1 #aiba4 #e ,"s ( my sci5tific fri5ds h urg$ me to beg9 ) ,ari/otle1 z be+ a mu* abl] sci5ti/ ?an ,pl9y1 b ?is w\ld take u r too f> back 9 "t & ,i h n felt equal to a treatm5t ( ! sci5ce ( ! g5u9e ,ari/otle p] se1 al?\gh 9 ! c\rse ( ?is book ,i %all say some?+ ( 8 m$ieval influ5ce & m especially ( ! ,pseudo-,ari/otle4 #f ,fraz] has1 ( c\rse1 repeat$ly made ! po9t t mod]n sci5ce is an outgr[? f primitive magic4 ,c>ve? ,read1 ,! ,orig9 ( ,man1 #aibj1 9 8 *apt] on 8,magic & ,sci5ce0 cont5ds t 89 no case 444 is ,sci5ce d]iv$ f ,magic0 7p4 #ccg71 b ?is is ma9ly a logical & ideal di/9ction1 s9ce he admits t 8= ages0 sci5ce 8is 9 ! h&s ( wiz>ds40 #g ,i am glad to see t o!r writ]s on magic are tak+ ?is view2 = in/ance1 ,e4 ,d\tt1 ,magie et religion dans l',afrique du ,nord1 ,alg]1 #aiji1 p4 #cea4 #h ,gold5 ,b\gh1 #ahid1 ,i1 #dbj4 ,w4 ,i4 ,?omas1 8,! ,relation ( ! ,m$ic9e-,man to ! ,orig9 ( ! ,pr(essional ,occupations0 7repr9t$ 9 8 ,s\rce ,book = ,social ,orig9s1 #d? edition1 pp4 #bha-cjc71 9 :i* he disputes ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s 8!sis t ! m$ic9e-man is ! s\rce & orig9 ( ! le>n$ & arti/ic occupations10 does n really conflict ) ,fraz]'s /atem5t1 s9ce = ,?omas ! m$ic9e-man is a prie/ r ?an a magician4 ,?omas rem>ks lat] 9 ! same book 7p4 #dcg71 8,fur!rmore1 ! :ole attempt ( ! savage to control ! outside _w1 s f> z x conta9$ a !ory or a doctr9e1 0 bas$ on magic40 #i ,*aldean ,magic & ,sorc]y1 #ahgh1 p4 #gj4 #aj ,jules ,comb>ieu1 ,la musique et la magie1 ,p>is1 #aiji1 p4 v4 #aa ,ibid41 pp4 #ac-ad4 #ab ,among ! e>ly ,arabs 8poetry is magical utt]ance0 7,macdonald 7#aiji7 p4 #af71 & ! poet 8a wiz>d 9 league ) spirits0 7,ni*olson1 ,a ,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,arabs1 #aiad1 p4 #gb74 #ac ,see ,s4 ,re9a*1 8,l',art et la ,magie10 9 ,l',an?ropologie1 ,,xiv 7#aijc71 & ,y4 ,hirn1 ,orig9s ( ,art1 ,london1 #aijj1 ,*apt] xx1 8,art & ,magic40 ,j4 ,cap>t1 ,primitive ,art 9 ,egypt4 #ad ,p4 ,huvel91 ,magie et droit individuel1 ,p>is1 #aijg1 9 ,anne ,sociologique1 ,x1 #a-dga2 see too 8 ,les tablettes magiques et le droit roma91 ,mcon1 #aija4 #ae ,r4 ,r4 ,m>ett1 ,psy*ology & ,folk-,lore1 #aibj1 ,*apt] iii on 8,primitive ,values40 #af ,e4 ,a4 ,wallis ,budge1 ,egyptian ,magic1 #ahii1 p4 vii4 ,"s o!r works on magic 9 ,egypt are3 ,gr(f1 tudes sur la sorcell]ie1 mmoires prs5ts l'in/itut gypti51 ,cairo1 #ahig2 ,g4 ,busson1 ,extrait d'un mmoire sur l'orig9e gypti5ne de la ,kabbale1 9 ,compte ,r5du du ,congrs ,sci5tifique ,int]national des ,ca?oliques1 ,sci5ces ,religieuses1 ,p>is1 #ahia1 pp4 #bi-ea4 ,adolf ,erman1 ,life 9 ,anci5t ,egypt1 ,engli% translation1 #ahid1 8describes vividly ! magical conceptions & practices40 ,f4 ,l4 ,griffi?1 ,/ories ( ! ,high ,prie/s ( ,memphis1 ,ox=d1 #aijj1 conta9s "s amus+ demotic tales ( magicians4 ,erman1 ,zaub]spr*e fr ,mutt] und ,k9d1 #aija4 ,f4 ,l4 ,griffi? & ,h4 ,?ompson1 ,! ,demotic ,magical ,papyrus ( ,london & ,leid51 #aijd4 ,see also ,j4 ,h4 ,brea/$1 ,developm5t ( ,religion & ,?\ght 9 ,anci5t ,egypt1 ,new ,york1 #aiab4 ,! foll[+ lat] b brief] treatm5ts add little to ,budge3 ,alfr$ ,wi$emann1 ,magie und ,zaub]ei im ,alt5 gypt51 ,leipzig1 #aije1 & ,die ,amulette d] alt5 gypt]1 ,leipzig1 #aiaj1 bo? 9 ,d] ,alte ,ori5t2 ,alex&re ,moret1 ,la magie dans l',egypte anci5ne1 ,p>is1 #aijf1 9 ,muse ,guimet1 ,annales1 ,biblio?que de vulg>isation4 ,,xx4 #bda-ha4 #ag ,budge 7#ahii71 p4 #ai4 ,at pp4 #g-aj ,budge dates ! ,we/c> ,papyrus ab\t #aeej ,b4 ,c4 & ,*eops1 ( :om ! tale is told1 9 #chjj ,b4 ,c4 ,x is n[ cu/om>y to date ! ,f\r? ,dyna/y1 to :i* ,*eops belong$1 ab\t #bijj-bgej ,b4 ,c4 ,brea/$1 ,hi/ory ( ,egypt1 pp4 #abb-c1 speaks ( a folk tale pres]v$ 9 ! ,papyrus ,we/c> "s n9e 787 c5turies aft] ! fall ( ! ,f\r? ,dyna/y4 #ah ,budge1 p4 ix4 #ai ,budge1 pp4 xiii-xiv4 #bj ,= magical my?s see ,e4 ,naville1 ,! ,old ,egyptian ,fai?1 ,engli% translation by ,c4 ,campbell1 #aiji1 p4 #bcc et seq4 #ba ,budge1 pp4 #c-d2 ,l5ormant1 ,*aldean ,magic1 p4 #ajj2 ,wi$emann 7#aije71 pp4 #ab1 #ad1 #ca4 #bb ,s labell$ 9 ! ,egyptian ,museum at ,cairo4 #bc ,budge1 p4 #ahe4 #bd ,brea/$ 7#aiab71 pp4 #hd-e1 #ic-e4 8,sy/ematic /udy0 ( ! ,pyramid ,texts has be5 possible 8only s9ce ! appe>ance ( ,se!'s great edition10--,die ,altgyptis*5 ,pyramid5texte1 ,leipzig1 #aijh-aiaj1 #b vols4 #be ,budge1 pp4 #ajd-g4 #bf ,_m ( !m are to enable ! dead man to leave 8 tomb at w2 h5ce ! ,egyptian title1 8,! ,*apt]s ( ,go+ ,=? by ,day10 ,brea/$1 ,hi/ory ( ,egypt1 p4 #age4 #bg ,budge1 p4 #bh4 #bh ,hi/ory ( ,egypt1 p4 #age2 pp4 #bdi-ej = ! fur!r increase 9 mortu>y magic aft] ! ,middle ,k+dom1 & pp4 #cfi-gj1 #cij1 etc41 = ,ikhnaton's va9 ef=t to suppress ?is mortu>y magic4 ,see also ,brea/$ 7#aiab71 pp4 #ie-f1 #bha1 #bib-f1 etc4 #bi ,brea/$ 7#aiab71 pp4 #bij-a4 #cj ,budge1 pp4 xi1 #agj-a4 #ca ,budge1 p4 #d4 #cb ,budge1 pp4 #fg-gj1 #gc1 #gg4 #cc ,budge1 pp4 #bg-bh1 #da1 #fj4 #cd ,f ! ab/ract ( a pap] on ,! ,hi/ory ( ,egyptian ,m$ic9e1 read by ,t4 ,w+ate ,todd at ! annual meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association1 #aiai4 ,see also ,b4 ,holmes & ,p4 ,g4 ,kitt]man1 ,m$ic9e 9 ,anci5t ,egypt2 ! ,hi]atic ,mat]ial1 ,c9c9nati1 #aiad1 #cd pp41 repr9t$ f ,! ,lancet-,cl9ic4 #ce ,see ,h4 ,l4 ,lr+1 ,die b] die m$ic9is*5 ,k5ntnisse d] alt5 gypt] b]i*t5d5 ,papyri v]gli*5 mit d5 m$ic4 ,s*rift5 grie*4 u4 rmis*] ,autor51 ,leipzig1 #ahhh4 ,also ,joret1 ,i 7#ahig7 #caj-aa1 & ! article !re cit$ by ,g4 ,eb]s1 ,e9 ,kyphirecept aus dem ,papyrus ,eb]s1 9 ,zeits*rift f4 gypt4 ,spra*e1 ,,xii 7#ahgd71 p4 #ajf4 ,m4 ,a4 ,ruff]1 ,palaeopa?ology ( ,egypt1 #aiba4 #cf ,hi/ory ( ,egypt1 p4 #aja4 #cg ,ibid1 p4 #ajb4 #ch ,budge1 p4 #bjf4 #ci ,hi/ory ( ,egypt1 p4 #aja4 #dj ,ar*ologie et ,hi/oire des ,sci5ces1 ,p>is1 #aijf1 pp4 #bcb-c4 #da ,pr(essor ,brea/$1 h[ev]1 feels t ! cont5ts ( ! new ,edw9 ,smi? ,papyrus w raise our e/imate ( ! wor? ( ,egyptian m$ic9e & surg]y3 lett] to me ( ,jan4 #bj1 #aibb4 #db ,petrie1 8,egypt10 9 ,,eb1 p4 #gc4 #dc ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 p4 #bce4 ,see ,e4 ,b4 ,havell1 ,a ,h&book ( ,indian ,art1 #aibj1 p4 #aa1 = a comb9ation ( 8exact sci5ce10 ritual1 & 8magic p[]0 9 ! "w ( ! anci5t ,aryan craftsm54 #dd ,b]!lot 7#ahhi71 pp4 vi-vii4 #de ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 pp4 #bdg-gh2 ,e4 ,o4 v4 ,lippmann 7#aiai71 pp4 #aah-dc4 #df ,budge1 pp4 #ai-bj4 #dg ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 p4 #aj4 #dh ,lippmann 7#aiai71 pp4 #aha-b1 & ! au?orities !re cit$4 #di ,budge1 pp4 #bad-e4 #ej ,budge1 pp4 #bbe-h2 ,wi$emann 7#aije71 p4 #i4 #ea ,wi$emann 7#aije71 pp4 #g1 #h1 #aa4 ,see also ,g4 ,d>essy1 ,une anci5ne li/e des dcans gypti5s1 9 ,annales du s]vice des antiquits de l',egypte1 ,i 7#aijj71 #gi-ij4 #eb ,f4 ,boll 9 ,neue ,jahrb4 7#aijh71 p4 #ajh4 #ec ,budge1 pp4 #bbb-c4 #ed ,budge1 p4 #bbi4 #ee ,"s works on ! subject ( magic & religion1 a/ronomy & a/rology 9 ,babylonia & ,assyria w be f\nd 9 ,app5dix ,i at ! close ( ?is *apt]4 #ef ,?ompson1 ,semitic ,magic1 pp4 xxxvi-xxxvii2 ,fossey1 pp4 #ag-bj4 #eg ,f>nell1 ,greece & ,babylon1 p4 #ajb4 #eh ,pr9ce1 8,sum] & ,sum]ians10 9 ,,eb4 #ei ,web/]1 ,re/ ,days1 pp4 #bae-bb1 ) fur!r bibliography4 ,see ,orr 7#aiac71 #bh-ch1 = an int]e/+ discussion 9 ,engli% ( ! problem ( ! orig9 ( sol> & lun> zodiac4 #fj ,lippmann 7#aiai71 pp4 #afh-i4 #fa ,al?\gh ,s*iap>elli1 ,a/ronomy 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 #aije1 pp4 v1 #e1 #di-ea1 #ace1 d5ies t 8! frequ5t use ( ! numb] sev5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t is 9 any way connect$ ) ! planets40 ,i h n se5 ,f4 von ,&rian1 ,die ,sieb5zahl im ,gei/esleb5 d] ,vlk]1 9 ,mitteil1 d4 an?rop4 ,gesells*4 9 ,wi51 ,,xxi 7#aija71 #bbe-gd2 see also ,hehn1 ,sieb5zahl und ,sabbat bei d5 ,babyloni]n und im alt5 ,te/am5t1 #aijg4 ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz] 7#aiah71 ,i1 #adj1 has an int]e/+ passage on ! prom95ce ( ! numb] sev5 8alike 9 ! ,jehovi/ic & 9 ! ,babylonian n>rative0 ( ! flood4 #fb ,web/]1 ,re/ ,days1 pp4 #baa-b4 ,pr(essor ,web/]1 :o k9dly read ?is *apt] 9 manuscript1 /at$ 9 a lett] to me ( #b ,july #aiba t he rema9$ conv9c$ t 8! my/ic prop]ties ascrib$ to ! numb] sev50 c only 9 "p be acc\nt$ = by ! sev5 planets2 8,our ,am]ican ,indians1 = example1 hold sev5 9 great respect1 yet h no k ( sev5 planets40 ,b x may be not$ t ! poet-philosoph]s ( anci5t ,p]u compos$ v]ses on ! subject ( a/rology1 accord+ to ,g>cilasso 7cit$ by ,w4 ,i4 ,?omas1 ,s\rce ,book = ,social ,orig9s1 #aiji1 p4 #bic74 #fc ,l4 ,w4 ,k+1 ,hi/ory ( ,babylon1 #aiae1 p4 #bii4 #fd ,fossey 7#aijb71 pp4 #b-c4 #fe ,f>nell1 ,greece & ,babylon1 pp4 #cja-b4 ,on liv] div9ation see ,fro?+ham1 8,anci5t ,ori5talism ,unveil$10 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,ar*aeology1 ,,xxi 7#aiag7 #ee1 #ahg1 #cac1 #dbj4 #ff ,fossey1 p4 #ff4 #fg ,fossey1 p4 #af4 #fh ,l5ormant1 pp4 #ce1 #adg1 #aeh4 #fi ,?ompson1 ,semitic ,magic1 pp4 xxxviii-xxxix4 #gj ,greece & ,babylon1 p4 #bif4 #ga ,l5ormant1 pp4 #adf-g4 #gb ,ibid41 p4 #aeh4 #gc ,ja/r[1 ,religion ( ,babylon & ,assyria1 pp4 #bhc-d4 #gd ,zimm]n1 ,beitrge1 p4 #agc4 #ge ,ibid41 p4 #afa4 #gf ,fossey1 p4 #cii4 #gg ,fossey1 p4 #hc4 #gh ,ibid41 pp4 #hi-ia4 ,f4 ,k*l]1 ,beitrge zur ,k5ntnis d] ,assyr4-,babyl4 ,m$iz92 ,texte mit ,ums*rift1 ,ueb]setzung und ,komm5t>1 ,leipzig1 #aijd1 treats ( tw5ty facsimile pages ( cunei=m4 #gi ,l5ormant1 p4 #aij4 #hj ,ibid41 p4 #aei4 #ha ,s enlight5$ 9 fact t !y spoke ) "s scorn ( ! 8levity0 & 8lies0 ( ! ,greeks4 #hb ,ori5tal ,religions 9 ,roman ,paganism1 ,*icago1 #aiaa1 p4 #ahi4 #hc ,?orndike 7#aije71 p4 #fc4 #hd ,e4 ,e4 ,sikes1 ,folk-lore 9 ! ,works & ,days ( ,hesiod1 9 ,! ,classical ,review1 ,,vii 7#ahic74 #cij4 #he ,freeman1 ,hi/ory ( ,sicily1 ,i1 #aja-c1 cit+ ,h]odotus ,,vii1 #aec4 #hf ,butl] & ,ow51 ,apulei ,apologia1 note on #cj1 #cj4 #hg ,= details conc]n+ op]ative or vulg> magic among ! anci5t ,greeks see ,hub]t1 ,magia1 9 ,d>emb]g-,saglio2 ,abt1 ,die ,apologie des ,apuleius von ,madaura und die antike ,zaub]ei1 ,giess51 #aijh2 & ,f4 ,b4 ,jevons1 8,grco-,italian ,magic10 p4 #ic-1 9 ,an?ropology & ! ,classics1 ed4 ,r4 ,m>ett2 & ! article 8,magic0 9 ,,ere4 #hh ,i ?9k t ?is s5t5ce is an approximate quotation f "s anci5t au?or1 possibly ,diog5es ,la]tius1 b ,i h n be5 able to f9d x4 #hi ,j4 ,e4 ,h>rison1 ,!mis1 ,cambridge1 #aiab4 ,! *apt] head+s briefly sugge/ ! argum5t3 8#a4 ,hymn ( ! ,k\retes2 #b4 ,di?yramb1 1 & ,drama2 #c4 ,k\retes1 ,?und]-,rites & ,mana2 #d4 a4 ,magic & ,tabu1 b4 ,m$ic9e-bird & ,m$ic9e-k+2 #e4 ,totemism1 ,sacram5t1 & ,sacrifice2 #f4 ,di?yramb1 ,spr+ ,fe/ival1 & ,hagia ,triada ,s>cophagus2 #g4 ,orig9 ( ! ,olympic ,games 7ab\t a ye>-daimon72 #h4 ,daimon & ,h]o1 ) ,excursus on ,ritual ,=ms pres]v$ 9 ,greek trag$y2 #i4 ,daimon to ,olympian2 #aj4 ,! ,olympians2 #aa4 ,!mis40 #ij ,f4 ,m4 ,corn=d1 ,orig9 ( ,attic ,com$y1 #aiad1 see especially pp4 #aj1 #ac1 #ee1 #aeg1 #bjb1 #bcc4 #ia ,a4 ,b4 ,cook1 ,zeus1 ,cambridge1 #aiad1 pp4 #acd-e1 #ab-ad1 #ff-gf4 #ib ,r5del ,h>ris1 ,picus :o is also ,zeus1 #aiaf2 ,! ,asc5t ( ,olympus1 #aiag4 #ic ,f>nell1 ,greece & ,babylon1 pp4 #bib1 #agh-i4 #id ,see ,erne/ ,riess1 ,sup]/itions & ,popul> ,beliefs 9 ,greek ,trag$y1 9 ,transactions ( ! ,am]ican ,philological ,association1 vol4 #bg 7#ahif71 pp4 #e-cd2 & ,on ,anci5t sup]/ition1 ibid4 #bf 7#ahie71 #dj-ee4 ,also ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 ,"s ,popul> ,sup]/itions ( ! ,anci5ts1 9 ,folk-lore1 #ahij1 & ,e4 ,h4 ,klats*e1 ,! ,sup]natural 9 ! ,trag$ies ( ,euripides1 9 ,univ]sity ( ,nebraska ,/udies1 #aiai4 #ie ,see ,zell]1 ,pre-,socratic ,philosophy1 ,,ii 7#ahha71 #aai-bj1 = fur!r boa/s by ,emp$ocles himself & o!r m>vels attribut$ to him by lat] au?ors4 #if ,laws1 ,,xi1 #icc 7,/eph474 #ig ,timaeus1 p4 #ga 7,/eph474 #ih ,symposium1 p4 #ahh 7,/eph472 9 ,j[ett's translation1 ,i1 #eeh4 #ii ,timaeus1 p4 #dj 7,/eph472 ,j[ett1 ,,iii1 #dei4 #ajj ,ibid41 pp4 #da-db 7,/eph474 #aja ,timaeus1 p4 #ci 7,/eph472 ,j[ett1 ,,iii1 #deh4 #ajb ,w4 ,w9delb&1 ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 ,engli% translation by ,j4 ,h4 ,tufts1 #ahih1 p4 #adg4 #ajc ,w9delb&1 ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,philosophy1 ,engli% translation by ,h4 ,e4 ,cu%man1 #ahii4 #ajd ,= a numb] ( examples1 :i* might be consid]ably multipli$ if books ,,vii-,x are n reject$ z spuri\s1 see ,?orndike 7#aije71 pp4 #fb-c4 ,t4 ,e4 ,lones1 ,ari/otle's ,rese>*es 9 ,natural ,sci5ce1 ,london1 #aiab1 #bgd pp41 discusses 8,ari/otle's me?od ( inve/igat+ ! natural sci5ces10 & a l>ge numb] ( ,ari/otle's specific /atem5ts %[+ :e!r !y 7 correct or incorrect4 ,! be/ translation ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,animals is by ,d',arcy ,w4 ,?ompson1 ,ox=d #aiaj1 ) valuable notes4 #aje ,see ! edition ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,animals by ,dittmey] 7#aijg71 p4 vii1 :]e v>i\s monographs w be f\nd m5tion$4 #ajf ,p]haps pure lit]ature 0 ov]-emphasiz$ 9 ! ,museum at ,alex&ria1 & magic texts 9 ! libr>y ( ,assurbanipal4 #ajg ,a li/ ( magic papyri & ( publications up to ab\t #aijj deal+ ) ! same is giv5 9 ,hub]t's article on ,magia 9 ,d>emb]g-,saglio1 pp4 #aejc-d4 ,see also ,sir ,h]b]t ,?ompson & ,f4 ,l4 ,griffi?1 ,! ,magical ,demotic ,papyrus ( ,london & ,leid51 #c vols41 #aiji-aiba2 ,catalogue ( ,demotic ,papyri 9 ! ,john ,ryl&s ,libr>y1 ,man*e/]1 ) facsimiles & complete translations1 #aiji1 #c vols4 ,gr5fell 7#aiba71 p4 #aei1 says1 8,a corpus ( ! magical papyri 0 project$ 9 ,g]many by ,k4 ,preis5danz be=e ! w>1 & a ,cze* s*ol>1 ,dr4 ,hopfn]1 is engag$ ^u ! difficult task ( elucidat+ !m40 #ajh ,w4 ,c4 ,battle1 ,magical ,curses ,writt5 on ,lead ,tablets1 9 ,transactions ( ! ,am]ican ,philological ,association1 ,,xxvi 7#ahie71 pp4 liv-lviii1 a synopsis ( a ,h>v>d diss]tation4 ,audoll5t1 ,defixionum tabulae1 etc41 ,p>is1 #aijd1 #efh pp4 ,r4 ,wns*1 ,defixionum ,tabellae ,atticae1 #ahig1 & ,se?ianis*e ,v]flu*ung/afeln aus ,rom 7#cij-dbj ,a4 ,d471 ,leipzig1 #ahih4 #aji ,s9ce #ahih v>i\s volumes & p>ts h appe>$ "u ! editor%ip ( ,cumont1 ,kroll1 ,boll1 ,olivi]i1 ,bassi1 & o!rs4 ,mu* ( ! mat]ial not$ is ( c\rse po/-classical & ,byzant9e1 & ( ,*ri/ian au?or%ip or ,arabic orig94 #aaj ,= example1 see ,r4 ,wns*1 ,antikes ,zaub]g]t aus ,p]gamon1 9 ,jahrb4 d4 kais]l4 deuts*4 ar*ol4 ,in/it41 suppl4 ,,vi 7#aije71 p4 #ai4 #aaa ,t4 ,l4 ,hea?1 ,! ,works ( ,ar*im$es1 ,cambridge1 #ahig1 pp4 xxxix-xl4 #aab ,on 8,ari/otle z a ,biologi/0 see ! ,h]b]t ,sp5c] lecture by ,d',arcy ,w4 ,?ompson1 ,ox=d1 #aiac1 #ca pp4 ,also ,t4 ,e4 ,lones1 ,ari/otle's ,rese>*es 9 ,natural ,sci5ce1 ,london1 #aiab4 ,pr(essor ,w4 ,a4 ,locy1 au?or ( ,biology & ,its ,mak]s1 writes me 7,may #i1 #aiba7 t 9 8 op9ion ,g4 ,h4 ,lewes1 ,ari/otle2 a ,*apt] f ! ,hi/ory ( ,sci5ce1 ,london1 #ahfd1 8dwells too mu* on ,ari/otle's errors & imp]fections1 & 9 sev]al in/ances omits ! quotation ( important positive obs]vations1 occurr+ 9 ! *apt]s f :i* he makes 8 quotations ( errors40 ,pr(essor ,locy also disagrees ) ,lewes' e/imate ( ,de g5]atione z ,ari/otle's ma/]piece & ?9ks t 8naturali/s w get m satisfaction out ( read+ ! ,hi/oria animalium0 ?an ei!r ! ,de g5]atione or ,de p>tibus4 ,?ompson 7#aiac71 p4 #ad1 calls ,ari/otle 8a v great naturali/40 #aac ,?is quotation is f ,pr(essor ,locy's lett] ( ,may #i1 #aiba4 #aad ,! quotations are f a note by ,pr(essor ,d',arcy ,w4 ,?ompson on 8 translation ( ! ,hi/oria animalium1 ,,iii1 #c4 ,! note gives s good a glimpse ( bo? ! m]its & defects ( ! ,ari/otelian text z x has rea*$ u t ,i w quote x "h m fully3 8,! ,ari/otelian acc\nt ( ! vascul> sy/em is rem>kable = its weal? ( details1 = its great accuracy 9 _m p>ticul>s1 & = its extreme obscurity 9 o!rs4 ,x is s f> true to nature t x is cle> evid5ce ( m9ute inquiry1 b "h & !re s remote f fact z to sugge/ t ?+s once se5 h be5 half =gott51 or t sup]/ition 0 9 conflict ) ! result ( obs]vation4 ,! acc\nt ( ! vessels connect+ ! left arm ) ! liv] & ! "r ) ! sple5 444 is a surviv+ example ( my/ical or sup]/iti\s belief4 ,x is possible t ! ascription ( ?ree *amb]s to ! he>t 0 also influ5c$ by tradition or my/icism1 mu* 9 ! same way z ,plato's notion ( ! ?ree corporeal faculties40 #aae ,pr(essor ,locy call$ my att5tion to x 9 a lett] ( ,may #ag1 #aiba4 ,see also ,?ompson 7#aiac71 p4 #ad4 #aaf ,?ompson 7#aiac71 p4 #ai4 #aag ,l4 ,c4 ,k>p9ski1 8,h9du ,sci5ce10 9 ,! ,am]ican ,ma!matical ,mon?ly1 ,,xxvi 7#aiai71 #bih-cjj4 #aah ,sir ,?omas ,hea?1 ,ari/>*us ( ,samos1 ! ,anci5t ,cop]nicus3 a hi/ory ( ,greek a/ronomy to ,ari/>*us toge!r ) ,ari/>*us's treatise1 8,on ! ,sizes & ,di/ances ( ! ,sun & ,moon10 a new ,greek text ) translation & notes1 ,ox=d1 #aiac1 admits t 8our treatise does n conta9 any sugge/ion ( any b ! geoc5tric view ( ! univ]se1 :]eas ,ar*im$es tells u t ,ari/>*us wrote a book ( hypo!ses1 "o ( :i* 0 t ! sun & ! fix$ />s rema9 unmov$ & t ! e>? revolves r\nd ! sun 9 ! circumf]5ce ( a circle40 ,su* evid5ce seems sc>cely to w>rant apply+ ! title ( 8,! ,anci5t ,cop]nicus0 to ,ari/>*us4 ,& ,hea? ?9ks t ,s*iap>elli 7,i precursori di ,cop]nico nell'anti*it1 & o!r pap]s7 w5t too f> 9 ascrib+ ! ,cop]nican hypo!sis to ,h]aclides ( ,pontus4 ,on ,ari/otle's answ] to ,py?agoreans :o d5i$ ! geoc5tric !ory see ,orr 7#aiac71 pp4 #ajj-b4 #aai 8,f>ewell1 ,nature1 p>5t ( all ?+s1 & 9 ?y manifold multiplicity bless me :o1 alone ( ! ,romans1 has sung ?y praise40 #abj ,= ! ,lat9 text ( ! ,naturalis ,hi/oria ,i h us$ ! editions ( ,d4 ,detlefs51 ,b]l91 #ahff-ahhb1 & ,l4 ,janus1 ,leipzig1 #ahgj1 #f vols4 9 #c2 #e vols4 9 #c4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a good ,engli% translation ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory1 ) an introductory essay1 by ,j4 ,bo/ock & ,h4 ,t4 ,riley1 ,london1 #ahee1 #f vols4 7,bohn ,libr>y71 :i* is sup]ior to bo? ! ,g]man editions 9 its explanatory notes & subject index1 & :i* also app>5tly ant$ates !m 9 "s read+s sugge/$ = d\btful passages 9 ! text4 ,?ree modes ( divid+ ! ,natural ,hi/ory into *apt]s are indicat$ 9 ! editions ( ,janus & ,detlefs54 ,i %all employ t f\nd 9 ! e>li] editions ( ,h>d\91 ,valpy1 ,lemaire1 & ,ajasson1 & pref]r$ 9 ! ,engli% translation ( ,bo/ock & ,riley4 #aba ,bo/ock & ,riley 7#ahee71 ,i1 xvi4 #abb ,,nh1 ,preface4 #abc ,,nh1 ,preface4 #abd ,,nh1 ,,xxii1 #g4 #abe ,,nh1 ,,ii1 #f4 #abf ,,nh1 ,,ii1 #df4 #abg ,,nh1 ,,ii1 #e4 8,deus e/ mortali iuv>e mortalem44440 #abh ,,nh1 ,,vii1 #ef4 #abi ,lett] to ,mac]1 ,ep4 ,,iii1 #e1 ed4 ,keil4 ,leipzig1 #ahif4 #acj ,,nh1 ,,vii1 #a2 ,,xxiii1 #fj2 ,,xxv1 #a2 ,,xxvii1 #a4 #aca ,,xxvi1 #gf4 #acb ,,xxxvii1 #aa4 #acc ,,xxi1 #hh4 #acd ,,xxxii1 #bd4 #ace ,yet ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,preci\s ,/ones1 p4 #b1 deplores ! loss ( ,juba's treatise1 :i* he says1 8consid]+ 8 position & opportunities = exact in=mation1 is p]haps ! greate/ we h to deplore 9 ?is sad catalogue ( desid]ata40 #acf ,,nh1 ,,xxxii1 #d4 #acg ,,xxx1 #cj4 #ach ,b\*-,lecl]cq 7#ahii71 p4 #eai1 notes1 h[ev]1 t ,aulus ,gellius 7,x1 #ab7 prote/$ aga9/ ,pl9y's cr$ulity 9 accept+ su* works z g5u9e & t 8,columelle 7,,vii1 #e7 cite un c]ta9 ,bolus de ,m5des comme l'auteur des attribus ,dmocrite40 ,b\*-,lecl]cq adds1 h[ev]1 8,ri5 n'y fit3 ,dmocrite dev9t le gr& docteur de la magie40 #aci ,,nh1 ,,vii1 #ba4 #adj ,g4 ,h4 ,lewes1 ,ari/otle2 a ,*apt] f ! ,hi/ory ( ,sci5ce1 ,london4 #ahfd4 #ada ,lett]s ( ,pl9y ! ,y\ng]1 ,,iii1 #e1 ed4 ,keil1 ,leipzig1 #ahif4 #adb ,,nh1 ,,viii1 #cd4 #adc ,,xxviii1 #a4 #add ,rck1 ,die ,naturalis ,hi/oria des ,pl9ius im ,mittelalt]1 9 ,sitzb4 ,bay]4 ,akad4 ,philos-,philol4 ,classe 7#aijh7 pp4 #bjc-cah4 ,= citations ( ,pl9y by writ]s ( ! late ,roman empire & e>ly middle ages1 see ,panck\cke1 ,biblio?que ,lat9e-,franaise1 vol4 ,,cvi4 #ade ,conc]n+ ! ,,mss see ,detlefs5's prefaces 9 ea* ( 8 fir/ five volumes & 8 full] diss]tations 9 ,jahn's ,neue ,jahrb41 #gg1 #fec;ff1 ,rhe94 ,mus41 ,,xv1 #bfe;ff2 ,,xviii1 #bbg;ff1 #cbg4 ,detlefs5 seems to h made no use ( ,engli% ,,mss1 b a folio ( ! close ( ! #ab? c5tury at ,new ,college1 ,ox=d1 conta9s ! fir/ n9ete5 books ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory & is describ$ by ,coxe z 8v well writt5 & pres]v$40 ,nor does ,detlefs5 m5tion ,le ,mans #bfc1 #ab? c5tury1 conta9+ all #cg books except t ! la/ book is incomplete1 & ) a full page m9iature 7fol4 #ajv7 %[+ ,pl9y 9 ! act ( pres5t+ 8 "w to ,vespasian4 ,escorial ,q-,i-#d & ,r-,i-#e are two o!r practically complete texts ( ! f\rte5? c5tury :i* ,detlefs5 fail$ to use4 #adf ,see ,m4 ,r4 ,james1 ,eton ,manuscripts1 p4 #fc1 ,,ms #acd1 ,bl4 #d4 #g41 ,rob]ti ,crikelad5sis ,prioris ,oxoni5sis exc]pta ex ,pl9ii ,hi/oria ,naturali1 #ab-ac? c5tury1 9 a l>ge ,engli% h&1 giv+ extracts ext5d+ f ,book ,,ii to ,book ,,ix4 ,( ,balliol #abd1 fols4 #a-ach1 ,cosmographia mundi1 by ,john ,free1 born at ,bri/ol or ,london1 fell[ at ,balliol ,college1 ,ox=d1 lat] pr(essor ( m$ic9e at ,padua & a doctor at ,rome1 also well in/ruct$ 9 civil law & ,greek1 ,coxe writes1 8,?is "w is no?+ b a s]ies ( exc]pts f ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory1 beg9n+ ) ! second & leav+ (f ) ! tw5tie?40 ,i wond] if ,john ,free may n h us$ ! v ,,ms ( ! fir/ n9ete5 books m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+ note1 s9ce ! second book ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory is (t5 reckon$ z ! fir/4 ,9 ,balliol #adf;,a1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #c-1 ! ,natural ,hi/ory appe>s 9 epitome1 ) a prologue op5+1 8,i1 ,reg9ald 7,ret9aldus71 s]vant ( ,*ri/1 p]us+ ! books ( ,pl9y44440 #adg ,bologna1 #ieb1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #aeg-fj1 8,tractatus optimus 9 quo exposuit et ap]te decl>avit pl9ius philosophus quid sit lapis philosophicus et ex qua mat]ia debet fi]i et quomodo40 #adh ,fossi1 ,catalogus codicum saeculo ,,xv impressorum qui 9 publica ,biblio!ca ,magliabe*iana ,flor5tiae ads]vantur1 #agic-agie1 ,,ii1 #cgd-ha4 #adi ,de erroribus ,pl9ii et aliorum 9 m$ic9a1 ,f]r>a1 #adib4 #aej ,pl9iana def5sio1 #adid4 #aea ,escorial ,q-,i-#d1 & ,r-,i-#e1 bo? ( ! #ad? c5tury4 #aeb ,,nh1 ,v1 #a1 #ab4 #aec ,,xxvi1 #f1 8usu efficacissimo r]um omnium magi/ro02 ,,xvii1 #b1 #ab1 8qu>e exp]im5tis optime cr$itur40 #aed ,,ii1 #ff4 #aee ,,xxix1 #bc4 #aef ,,xxix1 #aa4 #aeg ,,xxv1 #ed1 8coramque nobis02 ,,xxv1 #ajf1 8nos eam ,romanis exp]im5tis p] usus dig]emus40 #aeh ,sometimes ano!r t]m1 z usus 9 note #b above1 is employ$4 #aei ,see ,,ii1 #da1 #a-b2 ,,ii1 #ajh2 ,,vii1 #da2 ,,vii1 #ef2 ,,viii1 #g2 ,,xiv1 #h2 ,,xvi1 #a2 ,,xvi1 #fd2 ,,xvii1 #b2 ,,xvii1 #ce2 ,,xxii1 #a2 ,,xxii1 #dc2 ,,xxii1 #di2 ,,xxii1 #ea2 ,,xxv1 #g2 ,,xxxiv1 #ci & #ea4 ,exp]i5ce is also ! idea 9 ! two foll[+ passages1 al?\gh ! ^w exp]im5tum c\ld n smoo?ly be r5d]$ z 8exp]i5ce0 9 a lit]al translation3 ,,vii1 #ej1 8,acc$unt exp]im5ta et exempla rec5tissimi c5sus 44402 ,,xxviii1 #de1 8,nec uros aut bisontes habu]unt ,graeci 9 exp]im5tis40 #afj ,,xvi1 #bd2 ,,xxii1 #eg2 ,,xxvi1 #fj4 #afa ,x1 #ge4 #afb ,,xxxv1 #cj4 #afc ,,vii1 #ce #afd ,,xiii1 #c4 #afe ,,xiv1 #be4 #aff ,,xvii1 #d2 ,,xx1 #c & #gf2 ,,xxii1 #bc2 ,,xxix1 #ab2 ,,xxxiii1 #ai & #dc & #dd & #eg2 ,,xxxiv1 #bf & #dh2 ,,xxxvi1 #ch & #ee2 ,,xxxvii1 #bb & #gf2 su* phrases z s9c]i exp]im5tum & v]i exp]im5tum are us$ = 8te/ ( g5u95ess40 #afg ,,xxiii1 #ca2 ,,xxxi1 #bh4 #afh ,,xxxi1 #bg4 #afi ,,xvii1 #bf4 #agj ,,ii1 #ge4 #aga ,,ix1 #g4 #agb ,,xxviii1 #f4 #agc ,,xxviii1 #ad4 #agd ,,xxix1 #h4 8,discunt p]iculis no/ris et exp]im5ta p] mortes agunt40 ,bo/ock & ,riley translate ! la/ clause1 8,& !y exp]im5talize by putt+ u to dea?40 ,ano!r possible translation is1 8,& _! exp]im5ts co/ lives48 #age ,,xxv1 #ag4 0 444 adeo nullo omnia exp]i5di f9e ut cog]5tur etiam v55a prodesse48 #agf ,,xxix1 #d 0 444 ab exp]im5tis se cognom9ans empiric548 #agg ,,ix1 #hf4 #agh ,,xxxvii1 #ae4 #agi ,accord+ to ,gal51 z we %all he> lat]1 ! ,empirics reli$ a good deal ^u *ance exp]i5ce & dreams4 #ahj ,,xxv1 #f4 #aha ,,xx1 #eb4 #ahb ,,xxv1 #bj4 #ahc ,,xxiii1 #bg4 #ahd ,among o!r virtues ( v9eg>1 besides its suppos$ prop]ty ( break+ rocks1 ,pl9y m5tions t if "o holds "s 9 ! m\?1 x w prev5t "o f feel+ ! heat 9 ! ba?s4 #ahe ,,xxv1 #f & #ba & #ej2 ,,xxvii1 #b4 #ahf ,,xvi1 #bd2 ,,xxvi1 #fj4 #ahg ,,xxiii1 #ei4 #ahh ,,xxviii1 #g4 #ahi ,9 ! op5+ *apt]s ( ,book ,,xxx1 unless o!rwise indicat$ by specific citation4 #aij ,aulus ,gellius1 ,x1 #ab1 & ,columella1 ,,vii1 #e1 dispute ?is 7,b\*-,lecl]cq1 ,l',a/rologie grecque1 p4 #eai74 ,b]!lot 7,orig9es de l'al*imie1 p4 #ade7 believes 9 a ,democritan s*ool at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era :i* wrote ! works ( al*emy attribut$ to ,democritus z well z ! books ( m$ical & magical recipes :i* are quot$ 9 ! ,geoponica & ! ,natural ,hi/ory4 #aia ,,xvi1 #ie4 #aib ,,xxx1 #b4 0 444 quamquam animadv]to summam litt]>um cl>itatem gloriamque ex ea sci5tia antiquitus et pa5e semp] petitam40 #aic ,examples are3 ,,xxv1 #ei1 8,s$ magi utique circa hanc insaniunt02 ,,xxix1 #bj1 8magorum m5dacia02 ,,xxxvii1 #fj1 8magorum inpud5tiae vel manife/issimum 444 exemplum02 ,,xxxvii1 #gc1 8dira m5dacia magorum40 #aid ,see ,,xxii1 #i2 ,,xxvi1 #i2 ,,xxvii1 #fe2 ,,xxviii1 #bc & #bg2 ,,xxix1 #bf2 ,,xxx1 #g2 ,,xxxvii1 #ad4 #aie ,,xxxvii1 #dj4 #aif ,,xxx1 #e-f4 #aig ,,xxx1 #f4 8,pro9de ita p]suasum sit1 inte/abilem1 inritam1 inanem esse1 hab5tem tam5 quasdam v]itatis umbras1 s$ 9 8 v5eficas artis poll]e1 non magicas40 #aih ,,xxv1 #g4 #aii ,,xxviii1 #bc4 #bjj ,,xxviii1 #b4 #bja ,,xxx1 #d4 #bjb ,,xxviii1 #ai2 ,,xxx1 #f4 #bjc ,,xxviii1 #bi4 #bjd ,,xxx1 #g4 #bje ,,xxix1 #bf4 #bjf ,= in/ance1 ,,xxx1 #bg1 he m5tions ! magi1 b n 9 ,,xxx1 #bh4 ,nor are !y m5tion$ 9 ,,xxx1 #bi1 b 9 ,,xxx1 #cj 8plura eorum rem$ia ponemus0 seems to ref] to !m1 al?\gh we mu/ look back ?ree *apt]s = ! antec$5t ( eorum4 #bjg ,,xxxvii1 #ad1 he says t he is go+ to confute 8! unspeakable nons5se ( ! magicians0 conc]n+ gems1 b makes no specific citation f !m until ! ?irty-sev5? *apt] on jasp]4 #bjh ,,xxx1 #dg4 #bji ,,xxxvii1 #aa4 #baj ,,xx1 #cj2 ,,xxi1 #ch1 #id1 #ajd2 ,,xxii1 #bd1 #bi4 #baa ,,xxi1 #cf2 ,,xxiv1 #ii4 #bab ,,xxv1 #e4 #bac ,,xxiv1 #ii-ajb4 #bad ,see ,,xx1 #cj2 ,,xxi1 #cf1 #ch1 #id1 #ajd2 ,,xxii1 #i1 #bd1 #bi2 ,,xxiv1 #ii1 #ajb2 ,,xxv1 #ei1 #fe1 #hj-ha2 ,,xxvi1 #i4 #bae ,,xxi1 #ch4 #baf ,,xxi1 #ajd2 ,,xxii1 #bd4 #bag ,,xxi1 #id4 #bah ,,xxii1 #bi4 #bai ,,xx1 #cj4 #bbj ,,xxi1 #ch4 #bba ,,xxiv1 #ii & #ajb4 #bbb ,,xxv1 #e4 #bbc ,,xxv1 #ei4 #bbd ,,xxvi1 #i4 #bbe ,,xxx1 #f4 #bbf ,,xxx1 #g4 #bbg ,,xxviii1 #bg4 #bbh ,,xxviii1 #be4 #bbi ,,xxx1 #bd4 #bcj ,,xxix1 #ci4 #bca ,,xxix1 #ab4 #bcb ,,xxx1 #f4 #bcc ,,xxviii1 #eg2 ,,xxx1 #ag4 #bcd ,use ( goat1 ,,xxviii1 #ef1 #fc1 #gh-gi2 cat1 ,,xxviii1 #ff2 puppy1 ,,xxix1 #ch2 dog1 ,,xxx1 #bd4 #bce ,,xxviii1 #fj1 #ff1 #gg2 ,,xxix1 #bf4 #bcf ,,xxviii1 #ff2 ,,xxix1 #ae2 ,,xxx1 #g2 ,,xxx1 #bg2 ,,xxxii1 #ch4 #bcg ,,xxx1 #h & #cf2 see also ,,xxviii1 #fj2 ,,xxxii1 #ai & #bd4 #bch ,,xxix1 #bc2 ,,xxx1 #ah1 #bj1 #cj1 #di2 ,,xxxii1 #ad1 #ah1 #bd4 #bci ,,xxx1 #bg4 #bdj ,,xxx1 #bd4 #bda ,,xxx1 #bd4 #bdb ,,xxviii1 #bg4 #bdc ,,xxviii1 #ff2 & see ,,xxix1 #ab4 #bdd ,,xxviii1 #fj4 #bde ,,xxviii1 #fh4 #bdf ,,xxviii1 #gh4 #bdg ,,xxx1 #ag4 #bdh ,,xxx1 #ah4 #bdi ,,xxxii1 #ch4 #bej ,,xxix1 #bf4 #bea ,,xxviii1 #fc4 #beb ,,xxviii1 #ef2 ,,xxix1 #ae4 #bec ,,xxix1 #ai4 #bed ,,xxix1 #bj4 #bee ,,xxix1 #bf2 ,,xxx1 #g4 #bef ,pl9y ascribes /atem5ts conc]n+ /ones to ! magi 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s3 ,,xxxvi1 #cd2 ,,xxxvii1 #cg1 #dj1 #di1 #ea1 #ed1 #ef1 #fj1 #gj1 #gc4 #beg ,,xxxvii1 #ed & #dj4 #beh ,,xxxvii1 #dj1 #fj1 #ef1 #gc4 #bei ,,xxviii1 #ab1 8,magorum haec comm5ta sunt44448 #bfj ,,xxviii1 #bc4 #bfa ,"s works ^u animals 9 antiquity & ,greece are3 ,aub]t und ,wimm]1 ,ari/oteles ,?i]kunde1 #b vols41 ,leipzig1 #ahfh4 ,bae?g51 ,de vi et significatione galli 9 religione et artibus ,graecorum et ,romanorum1 ,diss4 ,inaug41 ,gtt+51 #ahhg4 ,b]nays1 ,!ophra/s ,s*rift b] ,frmmigkeit4 ,biklas1 ,o41 ,la nom5clature de la ,faune grecque1 ,p>is1 #ahgi4 ,bill]beck1 ,de locis nonnullis ,ari/4 ,hi/4 ,animal4 difficilioribus1 ,hilde%eim1 #ahjf4 ,dry(f1 ,a41 ,die ,ti]psy*ologie des ,plut>*s1 ,progr4 ,wrzburg1 #ahig4 b] die /ois*e ,ti]psy*ologie1 9 ,bl4 f4 bayr4 ,gymn41 #cc 7#ahig7 #cii;ff42 #cd 7#ahih7 #daf4 ,erh>d1 ,fauna d] ,cyklad51 ,leipzig1 #aheh4 ,f[l]1 ,w4 ,w41 ,a ,ye> ) ! ,birds1 #ahie4 ,hopf1 ,l41 ,?i]orakel und ,orakel?i]e 9 alt] und neu] ,zeit1 ,/uttg>t1 #ahhh4 ,hopfn]1 ,t41 ,d] ,ti]kult d] alt5 gypt] na* d5 grie*is*-rmis*5 ,b]i*t5 und d5 wi*tig5 ,d5kml]n1 9 ,d5ks*r4 d4 ,akad4 ,wi51 #aiac1 ii ,abh4 ,imho(-,blum]1 ,f41 und ,kell]1 ,o41 ,ti]-und ,pflanz5bild] auf ,mnz5 und ,gemm5 des klassis*5 ,alt]tums4 illu/rat$1 #ahhi4 ,kell]1 ,o41 ,?i]e des class4 ,alt]tums4 ,krp]1 ,zeit5 des ,geh5s und ,komm5s und des ,brt5s d] ,vgel 9 ,grie*5l& und ,ioni51 9 ,momms5's ,grie*4 ,jahreszeit51 #ahge4 ,k/]1 ,e41 ,die ,s*lange 9 d] grie*is*5 ,kun/ und ,religion1 ,giess51 #aiac4 ,leb\r1 ,zoologi/1 #ahff4 ,lewysohn1 ,zoologie des ,talmuds4 ,l9d]may]1 ,a41 ,die ,vgel ,grie*5l&s1 ,passau1 #ahfj4 ,loc>d1 ,hi/oire des mollusques dans l'antiquit1 ,lyon1 #ahhd4 ,lor5z1 ,die ,taube im ,alt]?ume1 #ahhf4 ,m>x1 ,a41 ,grie*4 ,mr*5 von dankb>5 ,ti]51 ,/uttg>t1 #ahhi4 ,mhle1 ,h4 v4 d41 ,beitrge zur ,orni?ologie ,grie*5l&s1 ,leipzig1 #ahdd4 ,sundevall1 ,?i]>t5 des ,ari/oteles1 ,/ockholm1 #ahfc4 ,?ompson1 ,d',arcy ,w41 ,a ,gloss>y ( ,greek ,birds1 #ahie4 ,ari/otle z a ,biologi/1 #aiac4 ,also ! notes to 8 translation ( ! ,hi/oria animalium4 ,we/]m>ck1 ,e41 ,! ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ,moral ,ideas1 ,i 7#aijf7 #bea-fj1 gives fur!r bibliography on ! subjects ( animals z witnesses & ! puni%m5t ( animal culprits4 #bfb ,,viii1 #a-ab4 #bfc ,,viii1 #ag-ba4 #bfd ,,xxxii1 #e4 #bfe ,,viii1 #cg4 #bff ,,viii1 #aa-ab4 #bfg ,,xxvii1 #b2 ,,xviii1 #a4 #bfh ,,xxvii1 #b2 ,,viii1 #da4 #bfi ,,xx1 #ea & #fa2 ,,xxii1 #cg & #de4 #bgj ,,xx1 #bf4 #bga ,,viii1 #da2 ,,xx1 #ie4 #bgb ,,xxix1 #ci4 #bgc ,,xxv1 #ej4 #bgd ,,xxv1 #e4 #bge ,,viii1 #dj2 ,,xxviii1 #ca4 #bgf ,= fur!r rem$ies us$ by animals see ,,viii1 #da2 ,,xxix1 #ad1 #ch2 ,,xxv1 #eb-ec2 ,,xxviii1 #ha4 #bgg ,,xxvii1 #b4 8 444 quod c]te casu rep]tum quis dubitet et quoti5s fiat etiam nunc ut novom nasci quoniam f]is ratio et usus int] se tradi non possit80 ,p]haps ,pl9y w\ld h d5i$ ! inh]itance ( acquir$ *>act]i/ics4 #bgh ,,xxv1 #ea4 #bgi ,,xxxvii1 #eg4 #bhj ,,viii1 #d4 #bha ,,viii1 #cc4 #bhb ,,xxix1 #cd2 ,,xxx1 #aj1 #ai2 ,,xxviii1 #df2 ,,xxix1 #aa2 ,,xxx1 #af4 #bhc ,,xxx1 #df4 #bhd ,,xxxii1 #ad4 #bhe ,,xxviii1 #cg4 #bhf ,a rec5t "w on ! g5]al !me is ,joret1 ,les plantes dans l'antiquit1 ,p>is1 #aijd2 see also ,f4 ,m5tz1 ,de plantis quas ad rem magicam fac]e cr$id]unt vet]es1 ,leipzig1 #agje1 #bh pp42 ,f4 ,ung]1 ,die ,pflanze als ,zaub]mittel1 ,vi5na1 #ahei4 #bhg ,,xxii1 #c2 ,,xxv1 #ei2 ,,xxvii1 #bh4 #bhh ,,xxi1 #aje4 8,halicacabi radicem bibunt qui vatic9>i gallantesque v]e ad confirm&as sup]/itiones aspici se volunt40 #bhi ,,xxv1 #dc-dd4 #bij ,,xxi1 #ba1 #hd4 #bia ,,xxv1 #e4 #bib ,,xxiii1 #fd4 #bic ,,xxv1 #ce4 #bid ,,xxii1 #cf4 #bie ,,xxiv1 #id4 #bif ,,xxv1 #df4 #big ,,xxv1 #ed4 #bih ,,xxv1 #gh4 #bii ,,xxiii1 #ge4 #cjj ,,xxiv1 #ef-eg4 #cja ,,xxv1 #ah2 ,,xxvii1 #ajj4 #cjb ,,xx1 #ad2 ,,xxiv1 #hb2 ,,xxv1 #ib4 #cjc ,,xxv1 #aj2 ,,xxvii1 #fj4 #cjd ,,xxiv1 #f1 #ic4 #cje ,,xxv1 #f4 #cjf ,,xx1 #di2 ,,xxi1 #hc2 ,,xxiii1 #ed2 ,,xxiv1 #fc2 ,,xxv1 #ei2 ,,xxvi1 #ab4 #cjg ,,xxiii1 #ei4 #cjh ,,xxiv1 #fb4 #cji ,,xxv1 #ba1 #id4 #caj ,,xxiv1 #fc & #aah4 #caa ,,xxi1 #ai4 #cab ,,xxiv1 #fb2 ,,xxiii1 #ei4 #cac ,,xxiii1 #ha2 ,,xxiv1 #f1 #fb1 #aaf4 #cad ,,xxvi1 #ab4 #cae ,,xxi1 #ai2 ,,xxv1 #ba1 #id4 #caf ,,xxiii1 #ga1 #ha2 ,,xxiv1 #f2 ,,xxvii1 #fb4 #cag ,,xxi1 #hc2 ,,xxv1 #aji2 ,,xxvi1 #ab4 #cah ,,xxii1 #af2 ,,xxiii1 #ed2 ,,xxiv1 #hb2 ,,xxvii1 #aac4 #cai ,,xxiv1 #aaf4 #cbj ,,xxv1 #ib4 #cba ,,xxi1 #ai2 ,,xxv1 #aa4 #cbb ,,xxiv1 #fb2 ,,xxv1 #ba4 #cbc ,,xxiv1 #fb-fc4 #cbd ,,xvi1 #ie4 #cbe ,see ,,xxiv1 #f1 = o!r me?ods ( pluck+ ! mi/letoe4 #cbf ,,xviii1 #de4 #cbg ,see also ,,xxv1 #f4 #cbh ,,xix1 #eh4 #cbi ,,xviii1 #gj4 #ccj ,,xviii1 #gc4 #cca ,,xxviii1 #ha4 #ccb ,,xviii1 #h4 #ccc ,,xxxvii1 #ad1 #gc4 #ccd ,,xxxvii1 #ee-ef4 #cce ,,xxxvii1 #ac4 #ccf ,= in/ance1 ,,xxxvii1 #ab amb]1 #cg jasp]1 #ci aetites1 #ee 8b>opt5us40 #ccg ,,xxxvi1 #ca4 #cch ,,xxxvii1 #ae1 #eh1 #fg4 #cci ,,xxxvi1 #be1 #ci4 #cdj ,,xvi1 #bj4 #cda ,,xxxiii1 #be4 #cdb ,,xxx1 #ab1 #be4 #cdc ,,xx1 #c2 ,,xxviii1 #f1 #i2 etc4 #cdd ,,ii1 #fc2 ,,xxix1 #bc4 #cde ,,xxxiii1 #cd #cdf ,,xx1 #ea2 ,,xxviii1 #ba4 #cdg ,,vii1 #ac2 ,,xxviii1 #bc4 #cdh ,,xx1 #cc2 ,,xxii1 #cj2 ,,xxviii1 #ah-ai4 #cdi ,,xxviii1 #h4 #cej ,,xxviii1 #i4 #cea ,,xxviii1 #i-aa4 #ceb ,,xxviii1 #g4 #cec ,,vii1 #b4 #ced ,,xxviii1 #f4 #cee ,,xxii1 #di4 #cef ,,xxiv1 #ajb4 #ceg ,9 ?is p>agraph ,i h comb9$ views express$ by ,pl9y 9 ?ree diff]5t passages3 ,,xxii1 #di & #ef2 ,,xxiv1 #a4 #ceh ,,ix1 #hh2 ,,xxiv1 #a2 ,,xxviii1 #bc2 ,,xxxii1 #ab2 ,,xxxvii1 #ae2 etc4 #cei ,,xxiv1 #a2 ,,xxix1 #ag4 #cfj ,,viii1 #ej2 ,,xxviii1 #db4 #cfa ,,xxix1 #ag & #bc4 #cfb ,,xxviii1 #dc4 #cfc ,,xx1 #a4 8,odia amicitiaque r]um surd>um ac s5su c>5tium 444 quod ,graeci sympa?iam appellav]e40 ,,xxiv1 #a4 8,surdis etiam r]um sua cuique sunt v55a ac m9imis quoque 444 ,concordia val5t40 #cfd ,,xxviii1 #da2 ,,xxxvii1 #ae4 ,yet a note 9 ,bo/ock & ,riley's translation1 ,,iv1 #bjg1 ass]ts1 8,pl9y is ! only au?or :o makes m5tion ( ?is s+ul>ly absurd notion40 #cfe 8,nunc quod totis volum9ibus 8 doc]e conati summus de discordia r]um concordiaque quam antipa?iam ,graeci vocav]e ac sympa?iam non alit] cl>ius intelligi pote/40 #cff ,,xxiv1 #da4 #cfg ,,xxi1 #dg4 #cfh ,,xx1 #cf4 #cfi ,,xvi1 #bd4 #cgj ,,xxv1 #ee4 #cga ,,xxxvii1 #ed4 #cgb ,,xxiii1 #fb2 ,,xxiv1 #a4 #cgc ,,xxviii1 #da4 #cgd ,,xxix1 #cb4 #cge ,,xxviii1 #fa4 #cgf ,,xxix1 #bg4 #cgg ,,xxvii1 #gd4 #cgh ,,xxxvi1 #aa4 #cgi ,,xxv1 #c4 #chj ,,xxii1 #bi4 #cha ,,xxviii1 #i4 #chb ,,xxviii1 #ag4 #chc ,,xxviii1 #dg4 #chd ,,xxix1 #ch4 #che ,,xxx1 #bj4 #chf ,,xxviii1 #di4 #chg ,,xxxii1 #eb4 #chh ,,xxix1 #bg4 #chi ,,xxx1 #g4 #cij ,,xxxii1 #ad4 #cia ,,xxx1 #bj & #ad4 #cib ,,xxxii1 #bi2 ,,xxx1 #aa4 #cic ,,xxviii1 #db4 #cid ,,xxii1 #fe4 #cie ,,xxii1 #gb4 #cif ,,xxii1 #cb4 #cig ,,xxx1 #ab4 #cih ,,xxv1 #ajf4 #cii ,,xx1 #ha4 #djj ,,xxviii1 #dg4 #dja ,,xxx1 #ab1 #ae4 #djb ,,xxvii1 #fb4 #djc ,,xxix1 #ag4 #djd ,,xxix1 #bd4 #dje ,,xxvi1 #hi4 #djf ,,xxxii1 #af2 also ,,xx1 #ci4 #djg ,,xxii1 #cj4 #djh ,,xxiv1 #cb1 #ch4 #dji ,,xx1 #gb1 #hb4 #daj ,,xxvi1 #fi4 #daa ,,xxix1 #cf4 #dab ,,xxx1 #h4 #dac ,,xxviii1 #aj4 #dad ,,xxxii1 #bd4 #dae ,,xxx1 #ah4 #daf ,see also ,,xxx1 #h4 #dag ,,xxiv1 #ajf & #aji4 #dah ,,xxiv1 #ajg & #aaj4 #dai ,"s examples are3 ,,xviii1 #ge1 #gi2 ,,xxii1 #gb2 ,,xxiii1 #ga2 ,,xxviii1 #dg2 ,,xxix1 #cf2 ,,xxxii1 #ad1 #be1 #ch1 #df4 #dbj ,,xxxii1 #ad4 #dba ,,xxx1 #ab4 #dbb ,,xxiv1 #aab4 #dbc ,,viii1 #ej4 #dbd ,,xxviii1 #f4 #dbe ,,xxiv1 #ag4 #dbf ,,xxx1 #ae4 #dbg ,,xxix1 #cd4 #dbh ,,xxxii1 #bd4 #dbi ,,xxxii1 #ch4 #dcj ,,xvii1 #dg4 #dca ,,xix1 #cf4 #dcb ,,xviii1 #ce4 #dcc ,,xxvi1 #fj4 #dcd ,,xxviii1 #g4 #dce ,,xxvii1 #ge4 #dcf ,,xxvii1 #ajf4 #dcg ,,xxviii1 #c-d4 #dch ,,xxvii1 #ce4 8,catananc5 ,!ssalam h]bam qualis sit describi a nobis sup]vacuum e/1 cum sit usus eius ad amatoria tantum40 ,,xxvii1 #ii4 8,phyteuma quale sit describ]e sup]vacuum habeo cum sit usus eius tantum ad amatoria40 #dci ,,xxv1 #g4 8,ego nec abortiva dico ac ne amatoria quidem1 memor ,lucullum imp]atorem cl>issimum amatorio p]isse44440 #ddj ,a few examples are3 ,,xx1 #ae1 #hd1 #ib2 ,,xxiv1 #aa1 #db2 ,,xxvi1 #fd2 ,,xxvii1 #db1 #ii2 ,,xxviii1 #gg1 #hj2 ,,xxx1 #di2 ,,xxxii1 #ej4 #dda ,,xxii1 #i4 #ddb ,,xxv1 #g4 #ddc ,,xxix1 #bg4 #ddd ,,xxx1 #a4 ,on ! g5]al attitude to a/rology ( ! prec$+ ,augu/an ,age & its poets see ,h4 ,w4 ,g>rod1 ,manili ,a/ronomicon ,lib] ,,ii1 ,ox=d1 #aiaa1 pp4 lxv-lxxiii1 b ,i ?9k he ov]e/imates ! probable effect ( ! edict ( #af ,a4 ,d4 ^u ! poem ( ,manilius4 #dde ,,ii1 #e4 8,a/roque suo ev5tus adsignat nasc5di legibus semelque 9 omnes futuros umquam deo decretum 9 reliquom v]o otium datur40 #ddf ,,vii1 #cg4 #ddg ,,vii1 #ej4 #ddh ,,vii1 #eg4 #ddi ,,ii1 #bd4 #dej ,,ii1 #f1 8,non tanta caelo societas nobiscum e/ ut no/ro fato mortalis sit ibi quoque sid]um fulgor40 #dea ,,ii1 #i4 #deb ,,ii1 #ah4 #dec ,,ii1 #bc4 #ded ,,ii1 #cj4 #dee ,,xxv1 #e4 #def ,,ii1 #a4 #deg ,,ii1 #d4 #deh ,,ii1 #af4 #dei ,,ii1 #ac4 #dfj ,,ii1 #f2 & see ,,ii1 #ci4 #dfa ,,ii1 #f4 8,pot5tia autem ad t]ram magnop]e eorum p]t95s40 #dfb ,,ii1 #f4 #dfc ,,xviii1 #e1 #eg1 #fi4 #dfd ,,xviii1 #fh4 ,o!r au?orities tell ! /ory ( ,?ales2 see ,cic]o1 ,de div9atione1 ,,ii1 #bja2 ,ari/otle1 ,polit4 ,i1 #g2 & ,diog5es ,la]tius4 #dfe ,,xviii1 #gh4 #dff ,,ii1 #ha4 #dfg ,,xxxvii1 #bh4 #dfh ,,xxxvii1 #ei4 #dfi ,,xxix1 #e4 #dgj ,,xxx1 #bi4 #dga ,,ii1 #dj4 #dgb ,,ii1 #ajb4 #dgc ,,ii1 #da4 #dgd ,,xxxii1 #ai4 #dge ,l4 ,annaei ,s5ecae ,naturalium ,quae/ionum ,libri ,septem1 ,,vi1 #d1 8,aliqu&o de motu t]r>um volum5 iuv5is edid]im40 ,! edition by ,g4 ,d4 ,koel]1 ,gtt+51 #ahai1 devotes sev]al hundr$ pages to a ,disquisitio & ,animadv]siones ^u ,s5eca's "w4 ,i h also us$ ! m rec5t ,teubn] edition1 ed4 ,haase1 #ahha1 & ! ,engli% translation 9 ,cl>k & ,geikie1 ,physical ,sci5ce 9 ! ,"t ( ,n]o1 #aiaj4 ,9 ,panck\cke's ,libr>y1 vol4 #adg1 a ,fr5* translation accompanies ! text4 #dgf ,,vii1 #be4 #dgg ,,vii1 #ca4 #dgh ,,iii1 #bf4 #dgi ,v1 #f1 = animals g5]at$ 9 flames2 ,,ii1 #ca1 = snakes /ruck by lightn+2 ,,iii1 passim = m>vel\s f\nta9s4 #dhj ,,iii1 #be4 #dha ,,iv1 #g4 #dhb ,,ii1 #cb4 #dhc ,,ii1 #df4 #dhd ,i1 #a4 #dhe ,,vii1 #cj4 #dhf ,,ii1 #aj4 #dhg ,,vii1 #bh4 #dhh ,t is to say1 five 9 addition to ! sun & ! moon4 #dhi ,,ii1 #cb4 #dij ,,iii1 #bi4 #dia ,,ii1 #ca-ej4 #dib ,,ii1 #cb4 #dic ,a complete edition ( ,ptolemy's works has be5 9 process ( publication s9ce #ahih 9 ! ,teubn] libr>y by ,j4 ,l4 ,heib]g & ,franz ,boll4 ,!y are also ! au?ors ( ! mo/ important rec5t rese>*es conc]n+ ,ptolemy4 ,see ,heib]g's discussion ( ! ,,mss 9 ! volumes ( ! above edition :i* h ?us f> appe>$2 8 articles on ! ,lat9 translations ( ,ptolemy 9 ,h]mes ,,xlv 7#aiaj7 #eg;ff1 & ,,xlvi 7#aiaa7 #bjf;ff2 b especially ,boll1 ,/udi5 b] ,claudius ,ptolemu4 ,e9 ,beitrag zur ,ges*i*te d] grie*is*5 ,philosophie und ,a/rologie1 #ahid1 9 ,jahrb4 f4 ,philol4 u4 ,pdagogik1 ,neue ,folge1 ,suppl4 ,bd4 #ba4 ,a rec5t summ>y ( inve/igation & bibliography conc]n+ ,ptolemy is ,w4 ,s*mid1 ,die ,na*klassis*e ,p]iode d] ,grie*is*5 ,litt]atur1 #aiac1 pp4 #gag-bd1 9 ! fif? edition ( ,*ri/1 ,ges*4 d4 ,grie*4 ,litt4 #did ,"s /rictures ^u ,ptolemy z a geograph] are made by ,sir ,w4 ,m4 ,ramsay1 ,! ,hi/orical ,geography ( ,asia ,m9or1 #ahij1 pp4 #fi-gc4 #die ,s*mid w\ld appe> to be mi/ak5 9 say+ t ! ,geography 0 already kn[n 9 ,lat9 & ,arabic translation 9 ! "t ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii 7p4 #gah1 8,se9e 9 er/] ,l9ie die ,a/ronomie1 dann au* die ,geographie und ,h>monik betreff5d5 ,s*rift5 hab5 si* ni*t bloss im ,orig9altext erhalt52 sie wurd5 au* frhzeitig von d5 ,arab]n b]setzt und s9d dann1 hnli* wie die ,w]ke des ,ari/oteles1 s*on zur ,zeit des ,kais]s ,fri$ri* ,,ii1 no* ehe man sie im ,urtext k5n5 l]nte1 dur* late9is*e1 na* dem ,arabis*5 gema*te b]setzung5 ins ,ab5dl& gelangt071 = 9 8 own bibliography 7p4 #gbc7 we read1 8,geographie 444 ,frh/e late94 b]setzung des ,jacobus ,angelus g$ruckt ,bologna1 #adfb40 ,app>5tly ,s*mid did n "k ! date ( ,angelus' translation4 ,h[ev]1 ,duhem1 ,,iii 7#aiae7 #dag1 also speaks z if ! ,geography 7 kn[n 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury3 8les considrations empruntes la ,gographie de ,ptolme f\rniss5t ,rob]t de ,l9coln une objection contre le m\vem5t de prcession des qu9oxes tel qu'il e/ df9 dans l',almage/e40 ,see also ,c4 ,a4 ,nall9o1 ,al-,huw>izmi e il suo rifacim5to della geografia di ,tolomeo1 #ahid1 cit$ by ,sut] 7#aiad7 viii-ix1 = a geography 9 ,arabic pres]v$ at ,/rasburg :i* is bas$ on ,ptolemy's ,geography4 #dif ,9 ?is ,lat9 translation x is (t5 entitl$ ,cosmographia4 ,"s ,,mss are3 ,,clm #adehc1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #ha-bae1 ,cosmographia ,ptolomei a ,jacobo ,angelo translata4 ,also ,,bn #dhja1 #dhjb1 #dhjc1 #dhjd1 #dhch4 ,ars5al #iha1 9 an ,italian h&1 is presumably incorrectly dat$ z ( ! #ad? c5tury4 ,?is ,jacobus ,angelus 0 *ancellor ( ! faculty ( ,montpelli] 9 #adcc & is c5sur$ by ,g]son 9 a lett] = 8 sup]/iti\s obs]vance ( days4 #dig ,! sev]al editions pr9t$ be=e #aejj seem to h consi/$ simply ( ?is ,lat9 translation1 su* z t ( ,bologna1 #adfb1 & ,v9c5tiae1 #adge1 & ! ,greek text to h be5 fir/ publi%$ 9 #aejg4 ,see ,ju/9 ,w9sor1 ,a ,bibliography ( ,ptolemy's ,geography1 #ahhd1 9 ,libr>y ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ,bibliographical ,contributions1 ,no4 #ah3--;a bibliography :i* deals only ) pr9t$ editions & n ) ! ,,mss4 ,accord+ to ,s*mid1 h[ev]1 ! editio pr9ceps ( ! ,greek text 0 t ( ,basel1 #aecc4 ,c4 ,mll]'s mod]n edition 7,didot1 #ahhc & #aija7 gives an unsatisfactory b>e li/ ( #ch ,,mss4 ,see also ,g4 ,m4 ,raidel1 ,comm5tatio critico-lit]>ia de ,claudii ,ptolemaei ,geographia eiusque codicibus1 #agcg4 #dih ,l'ottica di ,claudio ,tolomeo da ,eug5io ammiraglio di ,sicilia ridotta 9 lat9o1 ed4 ,gilb]to ,govi1 ,tur91 #ahhe4 #dii ,s*mid 7#aiac7 /ill cites x )\t qualification4 ,hamm]-,j5s5 has an article1 ,ptolemaios und ,h]on1 9 ,h]mes1 ,,xlviii 7#aiac7 #bbd1 et seq4 #ejj ,hask9s & ,lockwood1 ,! ,sicilian ,translators ( ! ,twelf? ,c5tury1 9 ,h>v>d ,/udies 9 ,classical ,philology1 ,,xxi 7#aiaj71 #hi4 #eja ,ibid41 #hi-id4 #ejb ,a4 ,hell]1 ,ges*i*te d] ,physik von ,ari/oteles bis auf die neue/e ,zeit1 #b vols41 ,/uttg>t1 #ahhb-ahhd4 ,! /atem5t s\nds a trifle improbable 9 view ( ! numb] ( ,,mss /ill 9 exi/5ce4 #ejc ,opus ,maius1 ,,ii1 #g4 #ejd ,! ,dioptra ( ,h]o is really geodetical4 #eje ,govi 7#ahhe71 p4 #aea4 #ejf ,ptolemy 9 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ,greek & ,roman ,biography4 #ejg ,x 0 also s pr9t$ 9 ,sph]a cum comm5tis1 #aeah3 8,explicit secundus et ultimus lib] ,ptolomei de ,speculis4 ,completa fuit eius translatio ultimo ,decembris anno ,*ri/i #abfi40 #ejh ,c4 ,h4 ,hask9s & ,d4 ,p4 ,lockwood1 ,! ,sicilian ,translators ( ! ,twelf? ,c5tury & ! ,fir/ ,lat9 ,v]sion ( ,ptolemy's ,almage/1 9 ,h>v>d ,/udies 9 ,classical ,philology1 ,,xxi 7#aiaj7 #ge-ajb4 ,c4 ,h4 ,hask9s1 ,fur!r ,notes on ,sicilian ,translations ( ! ,twelf? ,c5tury1 ,ibid41 ,,xxiii1 #aee-ff4 ,j4 ,l4 ,heib]g1 ,e9e mittelalt]li*e ,ueb]setzung d] ,syntaxis des ,ptolemaios1 9 ,h]mes ,,xlv 7#aiaj7 #eg-ff2 & ,no* e9mal die mittelalt]li*e ,ptolemaios-,ueb]setzung1 ,ibid41 ,,xlvi1 #bjg-af4 #eji ,digby #ea1 #ac? ,c5tury1 fols4 #gi-aad1 8,lib] iiii tractatuum ,batolomei ,alfalisobi 9 sci5cia judiciorum a/rorum4444 ,et p]fectus e/ eius translatio de ,arabico 9 ,lat9um a ,tiburt9o ,platone cui ,deus p>cat die ,v5]is hora t]tia ,x,xa die m5sis ,octobris anno ,dom9i ,,mcxxviii 7sic7 ,,xv die m5sis ,saph> anno ,arabum ,,dxxxiii 7sic7 9 civitate ,b>*9ona44440 ,! date ( translation is giv5 z ,octob] #b1 #aach1 9 ,,cul #agfg1 #abgf ,a4 ,d41 fols4 #bdj-gf1 8,lib] #d ,p>tium ,p?olomei ,auburt9o ,palatone40 #eaj ,x is f\nd 9 an edition pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #adic1 8p] ,bonetum locatellum imp5sis nobilis viri ,octaviani scoti civis ,modoeti5sis40 #eaa ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum are editions ( ,v5ice1 #adhd1 #adic1 #aeai2 ,p>is1 #aeai2 ,basel1 #aecc2 ,l\va91 #aedh2 x 0 also pr9t$ 9 #aeea1 #aeee1 #aegh4 #eab ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum are b ?ree editions ( ! ,greek text1 all ) an accompany+ ,lat9 translation3 ,nrnb]g1 #aece2 ,basel1 #aeec2 & #aehc4 #eac ,/udi5 b] ,claudius ,ptolemu1 #ahid4 #ead 8,c'tait la capitulation de la sci5ce40 ,b\*-,lecl]cq 9 ,rev4 ,hi/41 ,,lxv1 #beg1 note #c4 #eae ,9 ! m$ieval ,lat9 translation ! ,slavs replace ! ,scy?ians ( ,ptolemy's text4 #eaf ,inde$1 ,hephae/ion's fir/ two books are no?+ b ,ptolemy repeat$4 ,ab\t contempor>y ) ,ptolemy seems to h be5 ,vettius ,val5s ^: a/rological "w is extant3 ,vettius ,val5s1 ,an?ologi>um libri primum edidit ,guilelmus ,kroll1 ,b]l91 #aijh4 ,see also ,,ccag passim conc]n+ bo? ,hephae/ion & ,vettius ,val5s1 & ,engelbre*t1 ,heph/ion von ,!b5 und se9 a/rologis*es ,comp5dium1 ,vi5na1 #ahhg4 #eag ,james ,f9layson1 ,gal53 ,two ,bibliographical ,demon/rations 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,faculty ( ,physicians & ,surgeons ( ,glasg[1 #ahie4 ,s9ce !n ,i believe t ! only "w ( ,gal5 to be translat$ into ,engli% is ,on ! ,natural ,faculties1 ed4 ,a4 ,j4 ,brock1 #aiaf 7,loeb ,libr>y74 #eah ,j4 ,f4 ,payne1 ,! ,relation ( ,h>vey to 8 ,pr$ecessors & especially to ,gal53 ,h>veian ,oration ( #ahif1 9 ,! ,lancet1 ,oct4 #bd1 #ahif1 p4 #aacf4 #eai ,9 ! ,teubn] texts3 ,scriptora m9ora1 #a-c1 ed4 ,i4 ,m>qu>dt1 ,i4 ,muell]1 ,g4 ,helmrei*1 #ahhd-ahic2 ,de victu1 ed4 ,helmrei*1 #ahih2 ,de temp]am5tis1 ed4 ,helmrei*1 #aijd2 ,de usu p>tium1 ed4 ,helmrei*1 #aijg1 #aiji4 ,9 ,corpus ,m$icorum ,graecorum1 ,v1 #i1 #a-b1 #aiad-aiae1 ,! ,hippocratic ,comm5t>ies1 ed4 ,mewaldt1 ,helmrei*1 ,we/5b]g]1 ,diels1 ,hieg4 #ebj ,c>olus ,gottlob ,khn1 ,claudii ,gal5i ,op]a ,omnia1 ,leipzig1 #ahba-ahcc1 #ba vols4 ,my citations w be to ?is edition1 unless o!rwise specifi$4 ,an old] edition :i* is (t5 cit$ is t ( ,r5atus ,*>t]ius1 ,p>is1 #afgi1 #ac vols4 #eba ,! article on ,gal5 9 ,,pw reg>ds "s ( ! treatises z pr9t$ 9 ,khn z almo/ unreadable4 #ebb ,al?\gh ,khn's ,index fills a volume1 x is f> f dep5dable4 #ebc ,liddell & ,scott (t5 fail to allude to g]mane passages 9 ,gal5's works1 ev5 :5 !y include1 ) citation ( "s o!r au?or1 ! ^w he uses4 #ebd ,p]haps at ?is po9t a simil>ly c&id confession by ! pres5t writ] is 9 ord]4 ,i h tri$ to d a little m ?an ,dr4 ,payne 9 8 mode/y seems ready to admit ( himself1 & to look ov] c>efully en\gh n to miss any?+ ( importance ^? works :i* seem$ at all likely to be> ^u my p>ticul> int]e/1 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce & magic4 ,9 consequ5ce ,i h exam9$ long /ret*es ( text f :i* ,i h got no?+4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 ,i ?\ght x bett] n to take "t to read ! ,hippocratic comm5t>ies4 ,at fir/ ,i 0 incl9$ to dep5d ^u o!rs = ,gal5's treatises on anatomy & physiology1 b f9ally ,i read mo/ ( !m 9 ord] to le>n at fir/ h& ( 8 argum5t f design & 8 attitude t[>ds dissection4 ,fur!r ?an ?is ! read] c probably judge = himself f my citations z to ! ext5t & dep? ( my read+4 ,my fir/ draft 0 complet$ be=e ,i discov]$ t ,pus*mann _h made consid]able use ( ,gal5 = m$ical conditions 9 ! ,roman ,empire 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,m$ical ,education1 ,engli% translation1 ,london1 #ahia1 pp4 #ic-aac4 ,= ! sake ( a complete & well-r\nd$ survey ,i h ?\ght x be/ to reta9 ^? passages :]e ,i cov] ab\t ! same gr\nd4 ,i h be5 unable to procure ,t4 ,mey]-,/e9eg1 ,e9 ,tag im ,leb5 des ,gal51 ,j5a1 #aiac4 #fc pp4 #ebe ,= an acc\nt ( ! ,,mss see ,h4 ,diels1 ,b]l4 ,akad4 ,abh4 7#aije71 #eh;ff4 ,"s fragm5ts ( ,gal5's "w on m$ic9al simples exi/ 9 a fif? c5tury ,,ms ( ,dioscorides at ,con/ant9ople & h be5 reproduc$ by ,m4 ,wellmann 9 ,h]mes1 ,,xxxviii 7#aijc71 #bib;ff4 ,! fir/ two books ( 8 7 discov]$ 9 a ,wolf5bttel palimpse/ ( ! fif? or six? c5tury by ,k4 ,ko*2 see ,b]l4 ,akad4 ,sitzb4 7#aijg71 #ajc;ff4 #ebf ,lancet 7#ahif71 p4 #aace4 #ebg ,= ^! see ,v4 ,rose1 ,analecta ,graeca et ,lat9a1 ,b]l91 #ahfd4 ,z a specim5 ( ^! m$ieval ,lat9 translations may be m5tion$ a collection ( "s tw5ty-six treatises 9 "o huge volume :i* ,i h se5 9 ! libr>y ( ,balliol ,college1 ,ox=d3 ,balliol #bca1 a l>ge folio1 e>ly #ad? c5tury 7a note ( own]%ip 0 add$ 9 #accd at ,cant]bury7 fols4 #dcg1 d\ble column$ pages4 ,= ! titles & incipits ( ! individual treatises see ,coxe 7#aheb74 #ebh ,a4 ,m]x1 8,prob5 d] syris*5 ,ueb]setzung von ,gal5us' ,s*rift b] die e9fa*5 ,heilmittel10 ,zeits*4 d4 ,deuts*4 ,morg5dl4 ,gesell4 ,,xxxix 7#ahhe71 #bcg-cje4 #ebi ,payne1 ,lancet 7#ahif71 p4 #aacf4 #ecj ,*4 ,v4 ,d>emb]g1 ,exposition des connaissances de ,gali5 sur l'anatomie1 la physiologie1 et la pa?ologie du sy/me n]veux1 ,p>is1 #ahda4 #eca ,lancet 7#ahif71 p4 #aadj4 #ecb ,brock 7#aiaf71 p4 xvi1 says 9 #aca ,a4 ,d4 ,cl9ton1 ,fa/i ,romani1 plac$ x 9 #acj4 #ecc ,^! details are f ! ,de cognosc5dis cur&isque animi morbis1 cap4 #h1 ,khn1 ,v1 #dj-dd4 #ecd ,de naturalibus facultatibus1 ,,iii1 #aj1 ,khn1 ,,ii1 #agi4 #ece ,khn1 ,x1 #fji 7,de me?odo m$5di72 also ,,xvi1 #bbc2 & ,,xix1 #ei4 #ecf ,de anatom4 adm9i/41 ,khn1 ,,ii1 #bag1 #bbd-be1 #ffj4 ,see also ,,xv1 #acf2 ,,xix1 #eg4 #ecg ,8 record$ a/ronomical obs]vations ext5d f #abg to #aea ,a4 ,d4 #ech ,khn1 ,x1 #af4 #eci ,fragm5ts du comm5taire de ,gali5 sur le ,time de ,platon1 7 publi%$ = ! fir/ "t1 bo? 9 ,greek & a ,fr5* translation1 toge!r ) an ,essai sur ,gali5 considr comme philosophe1 by ,*4 ,d>emb]g1 ,p>is1 #ahdh4 #edj ,khn1 ,,xiii1 #eii-fjj4 #eda ,cl9ton1 ,fa/i ,romani1 ,i1 #aea & #aee1 speaks ( a fir/ visit ( ,gal5 to ,rome 9 #afb & a second 9 #afd1 b he has mis9t]pret$ ,gal5's /atem5ts4 ,:5 ,gal5 speaks ( 8 second visit to ,rome1 he means 8 return aft] ! plague4 #edb ,khn1 ,,xix1 #ae4 #edc ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #fbb1 #fbe1 #fdh2 see also ,i1 #ed-eg4 & ,,xii1 #bfc4 #edd ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #fdi-ej4 #ede ,r4 ,m4 ,briau1 ,l',ar*iatrie ,roma9e1 ,p>is1 #ahgg1 h[ev]1 held t ,gal5 nev] receiv$ ! (ficial title1 ar*iat]2 see p4 #bd1 8il e/ difficile de compr5dre p\rquoi le mdec9 de ,p]game qui donnait des so9s l'emp]eur ,m>c ,aurle1 ne fut jamais honor de ce titre40 ,b he is giv5 ! title 9 at lea/ "o m$ieval ,,ms--,m]ton #bai1 e>ly #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #cfv--8,incipit lib] ,gali5i ar*i/ratos m$icorum de malitia complexionis div]sae40 #edf ,de v5ae sectione1 ,khn1 ,,xix1 #ebd4 #edg ,khn1 ,,xiii1 #cfb-fc2 = ano!r allusion to ?is fire see ,,xiv1 #ff4 ,also ,,ii1 #baf2 ,,xix1 #ai & #da4 #edh ,= ! /atem5ts ( ?is p>agraph see ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #fjc-e1 #fbj-bc4 #edi ,khn1 ,x1 #aad4 #eej ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #eii-fjj4 #eea ,khn1 ,x1 #a1 #gf4 #eeb ,khn1 ,x1 #fji4 #eec ,khn1 ,x1 #d-e4 #eed ,khn1 ,x1 #aj4 #eee ,khn1 ,,xii1 #iji1 #iaf1 & 9 vol4 ,,xiv ! entire treatise ,de rem$iis p>abilibus4 #eef ,khn1 ,x1 #efj4 #eeg ,khn1 ,x1 #ajaj-aa4 #eeh ,khn1 ,,xiii1 #ega-gb4 #eei ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #fb1 & see ,pus*mann1 ,hi/ory ( ,m$ical ,education 7#ahia71 p4 #ajh4 #efj ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #aj1 #cj1 #gi2 & see ,pus*mann 7#ahia71 #aji-aa1 :]e !re is bibliography ( ! subject4 #efa ,khn1 ,x1 #gib4 #efb ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #bf4 #efc ,! mean+ ( ! ^w 8apo!c>y0 is expla9$ z foll[s 9 a f\rte5? c5tury manuscript at ,*>tres :i* is a miscellany ( religi\s treatises ) a be/i>y & lapid>y & be>s ! title1 8,apo!c>ius moralis mona/]ii ,s4 ,petri ,c>not5sis40 8,apo!c>ius e/1 secundum ,hugucium1 qui nonnullas div]s>um r]um species 9 apo!cis suis aggregat44 44 ,apo!c>ius dicitur is qui species aromaticas et res quacunque arti m$ic9e et cirurgie necess>ias habet p5es se et v5ales exponit10 fol4 #c4 8,accord+ to ,hugutius an apo!c>y is "o :o collects samples ( v>i\s commodities 9 8 /ores4 ,an apo!c>y is call$ "o :o has at h& & exposes = sale aromatic species & all sorts ( ?+s ne$ful 9 m$ic9e & surg]y40 #efd ,! ne/ ( ! fabl$ c9namon bird 0 suppos$ to conta9 supplies ( ! spice1 :i* ,h]odotus 7,,iii1 #aaa7 tells u ! ,arabian m]*ants procur$ by leav+ heavy pieces ( fle% = ! birds to c>ry to _! ne/s1 :i* !n broke d[n "u ! excessive weight4 ,9 ,ari/otle's ,hi/ory ( ,animals 7,,ix1 #ac7 ! ne/s are %ot d[n ) arr[s tipp$ ) lead4 ,= o!r allusions to ! c9namon bird 9 classical lit]ature see ,d',arcy ,w4 ,?ompson1 ,a ,gloss>y ( ,greek ,birds1 ,ox=d1 #ahie1 p4 #hb4 #efe ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #fd-ff4 #eff ,ad ,pisonem de !riaca1 ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #bag4 #efg ,khn1 ,,xiii1 #gjd4 #efh ,khn1 ,,xii1 #afh-gh4 #efi ,m4 ,b]!lot1 8,sur les voyages de ,gali5 et de ,zosime dans l',ar*ipel et en ,asie1 et sur la matire mdicale dans l'antiquit10 9 ,j\rnal des ,savants 7#ahie71 pp4 #chb-g4 ,! article is *iefly devot$ to %[+ t an al*emi/ic treatise attribut$ to ,zosimus copies ,gal5's acc\nt ( 8 trips to ,lemnos & ,cyprus4 ,( su* future copy+ ( ,gal5 we %all enc\nt] _m m in/ances4 ,z = ! t]ra sigillata1 ,c4 ,j4 ,s4 ,?ompson1 9 a pap] on 8,t]ra ,sigillata1 a fam\s m$icam5t ( anci5t times10 publi%$ 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,sev5te5? ,int]national ,congress ( ,m$ical ,sci5ces1 ,london1 #aiac1 ,section ,,xxiii1 pp4 #dcc-dd1 tells ( v>i\s m$ieval sub/itutes = ! ,lemnian e>? f o!r places1 & ( ! int]e/+ religi\s c]emony1 p]=m$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,turki% (ficials on only "o day 9 ! ye> by ,greek monks :o _h replac$ ! prie/ess ( ,diana4 ,pi]re ,belon witness$ x on ,augu/ #f?1 #aecc4 ,by t "t !re 7 _m v>ieties ( ! tablets1 8because ea* "l ( ,lemnos _h a di/9ct seal40 ,:5 ,toz] visit$ ,lemnos 9 #ahij ! c]emony 0 /ill p]=m$ annually on ,augu/ six? & mu/ be complet$ be=e sunrise or ! e>? w\ld lose its efficacy4 ,mohamm$an khodjas n[ %>$ 9 ! religi\s c]emony1 sacrific+ a lamb4 ,b 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury ! entire c]emony 0 ab&on$4 ,?r\gh ! e>ly mod]n c5turies ! t]ra sigillata cont9u$ to be held 9 high e/eem 9 we/]n ,europe also1 & 0 includ$ 9 ph>macopeias z late z #ahcc & #ahdh4 ,?ompson gives a *emical analysis ( a sixte5? c5tury tablet ( ! ,lemnian e>? & f9ds no evid5ce !re9 ( its possess+ any m$ic9al prop]ty4 ,agricola 9 ! sixte5? c5tury wrote 9 8 "w on m9+ 7,de re metal41 ed4 ,hoov]1 #aiab1 ,,ii1 #ca71 8,x is1 h[ev]1 v little to be wond]$ at t ! hill 9 ! ,isl& ( ,lemnos 0 excavat$1 = ! :ole is ( a r$di%-yell[ color :i* furni%es = ! inhabitants t valuable clay s especially b5eficial to mank9d40 #egj ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #gb4 #ega ,khn1 ,,xii1 #bbf-i4 ,see ! article ( ,b]!lot j cit$ 9 a prec$+ note = an explanation ( ! ?ree names & ( ,gal5's exp]i5ce4 ,mr4 ,hoov]1 9 8 translation ( ,agricola's "w on metallurgy 7#aiab71 pp4 #egc-d1 says1 8,x is desirable "h to enquire into ! nature ( ! sub/ances giv5 by all ( ! old m9]alogi/s "u ! ,lat9iz$ ,greek t]ms1 *alcitis1 misy1 sory1 & melant]ia40 ,he cites ,dioscorides 7,v1 #ge-gg7 & ,pl9y 7,,nh1 ,,xxxiv1 #bi-ca7 on ! subject1 b n ,gal54 ,yule 7#aijc7 ,i1 #abf1 notes t ,m>co ,polo's acc\nt ( ,tutia & ,spodium 8reads almo/ l a cond5s$ translation ( ,gal5's acc\nt ( ,pompholyx & ,spodos40 #egb ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #g-h2 ,,xiii1 #daa-b2 ,,xii1 #bae-f4 #egc ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #bb-bc1 #gg-gh2 ,,xiii1 #aai4 #egd ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #bee-ef4 ,! bea/s ( c\rse 7 also 9 dem& = ! ar5a4 #ege ,khn1 ,x1 #def-eg1 op5+ passage ( ! sev5? book4 #egf 1 ,khn1 ,,xix1 #h;ff42 & 1 ,,xix1 #di ff4 #egg ,see1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,de me?odo m$5di itself1 ,x1 #hie-if & #iee4 #egh ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #fea3 h5ce=? ?is text w g5]ally be cit$ )\t "n4 #egi ,,xix1 #h4 #ehj ,,ii1 #bag4 #eha ,,xix1 #i4 #ehb ,,xix1 #da4 #ehc ,,ii1 #bhc4 #ehd ,,xiv1 #fcj4 #ehe ,,xix1 #cd4 #ehf ,,xv1 #aji4 #ehg ,,xiii1 #iie-if2 ,,xiv1 #ca-cb4 #ehh ,x1 #fcc4 ,duruy ref]s to ! passage 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,rome 7ed4 ,j4 ,p4 ,mahaffy1 ,bo/on1 #ahhf1 ,v1 i1 #bgc71 b says1 8,ext5sive sanit>y works 7 und]tak5 ?r\gh\t all ,italy1 & ! celebrat$ ,gal51 :o 0 almo/ a contempor>y1 extols _! happy effects ^u ! public heal?40 ,b ,gal5 does n h sanit>y consid]ations especially 9 m9d1 s9ce he m5tions ,trajan's road-build+ only by way ( illu/ration1 comp>+ 8 own sy/ematic treatm5t ( m$ic9e to ! emp]or's great "w 9 repair+ & improv+ ! roads1 /raight5+ !m by cut-(fs t sav$ di/ance1 b sometimes ab&on+ an old road t w5t /raight ov] hills = an easi] r\te t avoid$ !m1 fill+ 9 wet & m>%y spots ) /one or cross+ !m by causeways1 bridg+ impassable riv]s1 & alt]+ r\tes t l$ ?r\gh places n[ des]t$ & beset by wild bea/s s t !y w\ld pass ?r\gh popul\s t[ns & m frequ5t$ areas4 ,! passage ?us be>s witness to a %ift+ ( population4 #ehi ,v1 #di4 #eij ,v1 #ag-ai4 #eia ,m5tion$ 9 ,acts1 xviii1 #ah1 8 444 hav+ %orn 8 head 9 ,c5*rea3 = he _h a v[40 #eib ,v1 #df-dg4 #eic ,x1 #c-d4 #eid ,x1 #hca-cf2 ,,xiii1 #eac2 ,,xiv1 #bg-bi1 & #ad-ai on ! heat+ & /orage ( w9e4 #eie ,,iv1 #ggg-gi4 #eif ,simil>ly ,milw>d 7#agcc71 p4 #ajb1 wrote ( ,alex&] ( ,tralles1 8,he has 9 mo/ di/emp]s a sep>ate article conc]n+ w9e & ,i mu* d\bt :e!r !re be 9 all nature a m excell5t m$ic9e ?an ?is 9 ! h&s ( a skillful & judici\s practition]40 #eig ,,iv1 #hba4 #eih ,khn1 ,,viii1 #egi1 #eii ,ibid41 p4 #feg1 ,i h be5 unable to f9d a passage 9 :i*1 accord+ to ,moses ,maimonides ( ! twelf? c5tury 9 8 ,aphorisms f ,gal51 ,gal5 said t ! weal?y physicians & philosoph]s ( 8 "t 7 n prep>$ = discipl9e z 7 ! foll[]s ( ,moses & ,*ri/4 ,p]haps x is a mi/ranslation ( "o ( ! above passages4 ,p>ticula #bd 7#ef71 8m$ici et philosophi cum a]e augm5tati non sunt prep>ati ad discipl9am sicut p>ati fu]unt ad discipl9am moysis et *ri/i socii pr$ictorum4 decimot]cio megapulsus40 #fjj ,khn1 ,,iii1 #ije-g4 #fja ,khn1 ,,xi1 #fij-d2 ,,xii1 #cgb-e4 #fjb ,f9layson 7#ahie72 pp4 #h-i2 ,h>nack1 ,m$ic9is*es aus d] lte/5 ,kir*5ges*i*te1 ,leipzig1 #ahib4 #fjc ,wellmann 7#aiad71 p4 #af note4 #fjd ,khn1 ,,iv1 #haf4 #fje ,khn1 ,,iv1 #hae4 #fjf ,quot$ by ,eusebius1 ,v1 #bh1 & reproduc$ by ,h>nack1 ,m$ic9is*es aus d] lte/5 ,kir*5ges*i*te1 #ahib1 p4 #da1 & by ,f9layson 7#ahie71 pp4 #i-aj4 #fjg ,khn1 ,x1 #af-ag4 ,j4 ,lem9ne1 ,les quatre lm5ts1 9 ,mmoires c\ronns p> l',acadmie de ,belgique1 vol4 #fe1 ,brussels1 #aijc1 traces ! influ5ce ( ! !ory 9 m$ieval ?\ght4 #fjh ,kuhn1 ,,xiii1 #gfc-d4 #fji ,khn1 ,i1 #dbh4 #faj ,khn1 ,x1 #aaa4 #faa ,khn1 ,,xii1 #aff4 #fab ,i1 #dag4 #fac ,,xiv1 #bej-ec4 #fad ,,xiii1 #idh4 #fae ,x1 #feg4 #faf ,x1 #hgb4 #fag ,,xix1 #cdd-de4 #fah ,m rec5tly ,gal5's ,mat]ia m$ica has be5 treat$ ( 9 a ,g]man doctoral diss]tation by ,l4 ,israelson1 ,die mat]ia m$ica des ,klaudios ,gal5os1 #ahid1 #bjd pp4 #fai ,x1 #fbd4 #fbj ,,xiv1 #bec-ed4 #fba ,v1 #iaa4 #fbb ,x1 #hag-ai4 #fbc ,x1 #hdc4 #fbd ,,xiv1 #bha4 #fbe ,,xii1 #bgj-ga4 #fbf ,x1 #cfh-ga4 #fbg ,khn1 ,,viii1 #cfc4 ,f9layson 7#ahie71 pp4 #ci-dj1 gives an ,engli% translation ( ,gal5's full acc\nt ( ! case4 #fbh ,pus*mann 7#ahia71 pp4 #aje-f4 ,vitruvius1 too1 h[ev] 7,v1 iii71 /ates t s\nd spreads 9 waves l eddies 9 a pond4 #fbi ,,xiii1 #dce1 #hic1 are two in/ances4 #fcj ,v1 #hj2 ,,xiv1 #fgj4 #fca ,v>i\s treatises on ! pulse by ,gal5 w be f\nd 9 vols4 ,v1 ,,ix1 & ,x ( ,khn's edition4 #fcb ,gal5's contributions to ! arts ( clock-mak+ & "t-keep+ h be5 dealt ) 9 an article :i* ,i h n _h access to & ( :i* ,i _c n[ f9d ev5 ! au?or & title4 #fcc ,,xiv1 #fca-cd4 #fcd ,c4 ,v4 ,d>emb]g1 ,exposition des connaissances de ,gali5 sur l'anatomie1 la physiologie1 et la pa?ologie du sy/me n]veux1 ,p>is1 #ahda4 ,j4 ,s4 ,milne discuss$ 8,gal5's ,k ( ,muscul> ,anatomy0 at ! ,int]national ,congress ( ,m$ical ,sci5ces held at ,london 9 #aiac2 see pp4 #chi-djj ( ! volume devot$ to ! hi/ory ( m$ic9e1 ,section ,,xxiii4 #fce ,lancet 7#ahif71 p4 #aaci4 #fcf ,i h fail$ to obta9 ,k4 ,f4 ,h4 ,m>k1 ,h]ophilus1 e9 ,beitrag zur ,ges*i*te d] ,m$iz91 ,c>lsruhe1 #ahch4 #fcg ,d',arcy ,w4 ,?ompson 7#aiac71 #bb-bc1 ?9ks t ! prec$5ce ( ! he>t ov] all o!r organs 9 appe>+ 9 ! embryo ( ! *ick l$ ,ari/otle to locate 9 x ! c5tral seat ( ! s\l4 #fch ,,xiv1 #fbf-cj4 #fci ,,ii1 #fhc1 #fif4 ,?is & ! o!r quotations 9 ?is p>agraph are f ,dr4 ,payne's ,h>veian ,oration z pr9t$ 9 ,! ,lancet 7#ahif71 pp4 #aacg-ci4 #fdj ,khn1 ,v1 #baf1 cit$ by ,payne4 #fda ,khn1 ,,ii1 #fdb-di2 ,,iv1 #gjc-cf1 8,an 9 art]iis natura sanguis cont9eatur40 ,j4 ,kidd1 ,a ,cursory ,analysis ( ! ,works ( ,gal5 s f> z !y relate to ,anatomy & ,physiology1 9 ,transactions ( ! ,prov9cial ,m$ical & ,surgical ,association1 ,,vi 7#ahcg71 #bii-ccf4 #fdb ,lancet 7#ahif71 p4 #aacg1 :]e ,payne /ates t ,colombo 7,de re anatomica1 ,v5et4 #aeei1 ,,xiv1 #bfa7 0 ! fir/ to prove by exp]im5t on ! liv+ he>t t ^! ve9s convey$ blood f ! lungs4 #fdc ,,ii1 #adf-dg4 #fdd ,,ii1 #chd-hf4 #fde ,,ii1 #bbj-ba4 #fdf ,augu/9e te/ifies 9 two passages ( 8 ,de anima et eius orig9e 7,migne ,,pl #dd1 #dge-edh71 t vivisection ( human be+s 0 practic$ z late z 8 "t1 ! e>ly fif? c5tury3 ,,iv1 #c1 8,m$ici tam5 qui appellantur anatomici p] membra p] v5as p] n]vos p] ossa p] m$ullas p] int]iora vitalia etiam vivos hom9es quamdiu int] manus rimantium viv]e potu]unt dissici5do scrutati sunt ut naturam corporis noss5t02 & ,,iv1 #f 7,migne1 ,,pl #dd1 #ebh-i74 #fdg ,,ii1 #ecg4 #fdh ,,ii1 #fai-bj4 #fdi ,,ii1 #gja4 #fej ,,ii1 #fca ff4 #fea ,,xiii1 #eii-fjj4 ,gal5 /ates t ! pontifex's t]m ( (fice 0 sev5 mon?s1 a fact :i* p]haps _h "s a/rological be>+4 #feb ,x1 #ded-ee4 #fec ,,ii1 #fhb4 #fed ,,ii1 #bia4 #fee ,,iv1 #cfj1 et passim4 #fef ,,iv1 #fhg4 #feg ,,iv1 #fid1 #fif4 #feh ,,iv1 #fhh4 #fei ,,iv1 #gjj4 #ffj ,,iv1 #fib2 ,,ii1 #ecg4 ,o!rs cont5d1 he says 7,,iv1 #fic71 t "o s\l con/ructs ! p>ts & ano!r s\l incites !m to volunt>y motion4 #ffa ,,iv1 #gja4 #ffb ,,ii1 #bh4 #ffc ,,xviii ,b1 #ag;ff4 #ffd ,de usu p>tium1 ,,xi1 #ad 7,khn1 ,,iii1 #ije-g74 ,! passage seems to me an integral "p ( ! "w & n a lat] int]polation4 ,moses ,maimonides 9 ! twelf? c5tury took exception at "s l5g?1 9 ! #be? ,p>ticula ( 8 ,aphorisms f ,gal51 to ?is criticism ( 8 national law-giv]4 #ffe ,,iv1 #eac2 see also ,,ii1 #ee1 1 4 #fff ,x1 #fjh2 ,,xiii1 #hhg-hh4 #ffg ,,xiii1 #ifd4 #ffh ,,ii1 #acf2 ,x1 #che2 ,,xii1 #caa2 he cr$it$ ,plato ) ! same attitude1 see ,,ii1 #eha4 #ffi ,,ii1 #fei-fj4 #fgj ,,xii1 #ddf4 #fga ,,ii1 #ada1 #agi4 #fgb ,,ii1 #agi2 ,x1 #fji4 #fgc ,,ii1 #fba4 #fgd ,,xiii1 #hia4 #fge ,,xiii1 #dcj-ca4 #fgf ,,xiii1 #gag4 #fgg ,,xi1 #gid2 also ,,xiii1 #feh2 ,,xiv1 #fa-fb1 & _m o!r passages ( ! ,antidotes4 #fgh ,,xii1 #bjc4 ,pl9y1 ,,nh ,,xxxvi1 #cd1 makes ! same /atem5t z ,dioscorides4 #fgi ,,xii1 #bgb4 #fhj ,pl9y1 ,,nh ,,xxviii1 #ce1 h[ev]1 bo? tells h[ butt] is made & ( its use z food among ! b>b>ians4 #fha ,x1 #dj-da4 #fhb ,x1 #abg1 #ifb4 #fhc ,x1 #ca4 #fhd ,x1 #bi4 #fhe ,x1 #ffh4 #fhf ,x1 #abc4 #fhg ,x1 #iae-af4 #fhh ,i1 #ge-gf2 ,,xiv1 #cfg4 #fhi ,i1 #ade2 ,,ii1 #da-dc2 ,x1 #cj-ca1 #ghb-hc2 ,,xiii1 #ahh1 #cff1 #cge1 #dfc1 #egi1 #eid1 #hib2 ,,xiv1 #bde1 #fgi4 #fij ,x1 #aei4 #fia ,,xiv1 #fge-gf4 #fib ,i1 #add-ee4 #fic ,,xvi1 #hb4 #fid ,i1 #ace4 #fie ,,xiv1 #fhj4 #fif ,i1 #aca4 #fig ,i1 #acd4 #fih ,,xvi1 #hb4 #fii ,,ii1 #bhh4 #gjj ,,ix1 #hdb2 ,,xiii1 #hhg4 #gja ,,xiii1 #aaf-ag4 #gjb ,x1 #bh-bi4 #gjc ,x1 #fhd4 #gjd ,x1 #ded-ee4 #gje ,,xi1 #dbj4 #gjf ,,xi1 #dcd-ce4 #gjg ,,xi1 #def4 #gjh ,,xii1 #bdf4 #gji ,,xii1 #ccf4 #gaj ,,xii1 #cfe4 #gaa ,,xii1 #beh1 #bfb1 #bfi1 #cca4 #gab ,,xii1 #ccd4 #gac ,,vi1 #dec-ee4 #gad ,,xiii1 #dfc4 #gae ,,xii1 #hie4 #gaf ,,xiv1 #bbb4 #gag ,,xiii1 #gjj-gja4 #gah ,,xiii1 #gjf-gjg4 #gai ,,xiii1 #dfg4 #gbj ,,xiii1 #hfg4 #gba ,,xii1 #cib-ic1 #hhd2 ,,xiii1 #aaf-ag1 #abc1 #abe1 #abh-bi1 #ced1 #dhe1 #ejb-ejc1 #ehb1 #fef4 #gbb ,,xii1 #ifh1 #ihh4 #gbc ,see ,,xii1 #ihh2 ,,xiii1 #ifj-fa2 ,,xiv1 #ab1 #fj1 #cda4 #gbd ,,xiv1 #hb4 #gbe ,,xiii1 #egj4 #gbf ,,xii1 #cej4 #gbg ,,xvi1 #hf-hg2 ,,xi1 #eah4 #gbh ,,xi1 #dhe4 #gbi ,,xvi1 #he4 #gcj ,,ix1 #hdb4 #gca ,,ii1 #bjf4 #gcb ,i1 #ach4 #gcc ,,xvi1 #hj4 #gcd ,!re w\ld seem to be some?+ wrong1 at lea/ ) its arrangem5t z x n[ /&s1 = ! fir/ book ends 7,,xiv1 #chi7 ) ! words1 8,?is my f\r? book1 ,o ,glaucon1 ends ?us4 ,if x has be5 useful to y1 y w readily foll[ :at ,i've writt5 to ,salomon ! ar*iat]40 ,b !n ! pres5t second book op5s ) ! words 7,,xiv1 #cij71 8,s9ce y've ask$ me to write y ab\t easily procurable rem$ies1 ,o de>e/ ,solon10 & goes on to say t ! au?or w /ate :at he has le>n$ f exp]i5ce beg9n+ ) ! hair & clos+ ) ! feet4 #gce ,,xiv1 #cgh4 #gcf ,,xiv1 #dfb4 #gcg ,,xiv1 #ecd4 #gch ,,xi1 #bje4 #gci ,john ( ,/4 ,am&1 ,expositio 9 ,antidot>ium ,nicolai1 fol4 #bca1 9 ,mesuae m$ici cl>issimi op]a1 ,v5ice1 #aefh4 ,pietro d',abano1 ,conciliator1 ,v5ice1 #aebf1 ,diff4 ,x1 fol4 #ae2 ,diff4 ,,lx1 fol4 #hc4 ,arnald ( ,villanova1 ,repetitio sup] ,canon 8,vita brevis10 fol4 #bgf1 9 8 ,op]a1 ,lyons1 #aecb4 #gdj ,gilb]tus ,anglicus1 ,comp5dium m$ic9ae1 ,lyons1 #aeaj1 fol4 #cbhv41 8,exp]im5ta ex libro exp]im5torum ,gal4 exp]ta40 #gda ,9 8 ,expositio 9 ,antidot>ium ,nicolai1 z cit$ above 7note #e74 #gdb ,j4 ,l4 ,pagel1 ,die ,concordanciae des ,johannes de ,sancto ,am&o1 ,b]l91 #ahid1 pp4 #ajb-ajd4 ,john also wrote comm5t>ies on ,gal51 7,hi/oire ,littraire de la ,france1 ,,xxi1 #bfc-fe74 #gdc ed4 ,lyons1 #aeae1 fols4 #aiv-#b,ov4 #gdd ,b]l91 #ijb1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #age2 ,b]l9 #ijc1 #acdb ,a4 ,d41 fol4 #b4 #gde ,boncompagni 7#ahea71 pp4 #c-d4 #gdf ,moses b5 ,maimon1 ,aphorisms1 #adhi4 8,incipiunt aphorismi excell5tissimi ,raby ,moyses secundum doctr9am ,gali5i m$icorum pr9cipis 444 collegi eos ex v]bis ,gali5i de omnibus libris suis4444 ,et ego protuli sup] 8 af=ismis qu$am dicta que circumspexi et ea meo nom9e nom9avi et similit] protuli aliquos aphorismos aliquorum mod]norum quos d5om9avi eorum nom9e40 #gdg ,ed4 ,c4 ,v4 ,d>emb]g1 ,notices et ,extraits des manuscrits mdicaux1 #ahec1 pp4 #dd-dg1 ,greek text2 pp4 #bbi-cc1 ,fr5* translation4 #gdh ,g>rison1 ,hi/ory ( ,m$ic9e1 #bnd edition1 #aiag1 p4 #ada4 ,b at p4 #aea ,g>rison w\ld seem mi/ak5 9 /at+ t ,g5tile di$ 9 #acdh1 = 9 ! ,,ms ( :i* ,i %all speak 9 ! next footnote 8 treatise on critical days is dat$ back 9 ! ye> #acfb3 8,tractatus de enum]atione di]um creticorum m'i ,g5tilis anni #acfb10 at fol4 #abe2 :ile at fol4 #afb we read1 8,explicit que/io 444 m'i ,z5tilis anno ,dom9i #acei de m5se m>cii1 et scripta ,pisis de m5se octobris #acei40 ,x is possible b r unlikely t ! dates lat] ?an #acdh ref] to ! labors ( copyi/s4 ,v5etian ,,mss conta9 n only a ,de r$uctione m$ic9>um ad actum by ,g5tile1 writt5 at ,p]ugia 9 ,april1 #acdb 7,s4 ,m>co1 ,,xiv1 #g1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #dd-dh72 b also 8,sugge/ions conc]n+ ! pe/il5ce :i* 0 at ,g5oa 9 #acdh10 by him 7,s4 ,m>co1 ,,xiv1 #bf1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #ii-ajj1 consilia de pe/e quae fuit ,ianuae anno #acdh74 ,val5t9elli's catalogue ( ! ,,mss 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,/4 ,m>k's does n help1 h[ev]1 to cle> up ! "q :5 ,g5tile di$1 s9ce 9 "o place 7,,iv1 #bce7 ,val5t9elli assures u t he di$ at ,bologna 9 #acaj1 & 9 ano!r place 7,v1 #ai7 says t he di$ at ,p]ugia 9 #acdh4 #gdi ,cortona #aaj1 e>ly ye>s ( #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #abh1 ,rationes ,g5tilis contra ,gal5um 9 qu9to aphorismi4 ,?is ,,ms conta9s sev]al o!r works by ,g5tile da ,foligno4 #gej ,,xiv1 #fja4 #gea ,,xiv1 #fje4 #geb ,,xiv1 #fae4 #gec ,,xiv1 #fbe4 #ged ,,xiv1 #fee4 #gee ,i1 #ed-ee4 #gef ,,xii1 #bfc4 #geg ,,xii1 #cjf4 #geh ,,xii1 #cjg4 #gei ,,xi1 #gib-ic4 #gfj ,,xii1 #bhc4 #gfa ,,xii1 #bea-ec4 #gfb ,,iv1 #fhh4 #gfc ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,,xxviii1 #b4 #gfd ,,xii1 #bdh1 #bhd-he1 #bij4 #gfe ,,xii1 #bic4 #gff ,,xiv1 #bee4 7,to ,piso on !riac47 #gfg ,,xii1 #bia-ib4 #gfh ,,xii1 #bih4 #gfi ,,xii1 #cjd4 #ggj ,,xii1 #cdb4 #gga ,,xii1 #bgf-gg4 #ggb ,,xii1 #cfg-fi4 #ggc ,,xiii1 #idi-ej1 #ied-ee4 #ggd ,,xii1 #cdc4 ,^! =m ! titles ( f\r successive *apt]s1 ,de simplic41 ,,xi1 i1 caps4 #ai-bb4 #gge ,,xii1 #cei1 #idb-dc1 #igg4 #ggf ,,xii1 #hef4 #ggg ,,xii1 #hfj4 #ggh ,,xii1 #cfj4 #ggi ,,xii1 #cff-fg4 #ghj ,,xii1 #cce4 #gha ,a fact :i*--"o _c help rem>k+--consid]+ ! "* ( mo/ anci5t rem$ies = hydrophobia1 only t5ds to make _! recov]y seem ! m m>vel\s4 #ghb ,,xiv1 #bcc4 #ghc ,,xii1 #bej-ea4 #ghd ,,xiv1 #bbd-be4 #ghe ,,ii1 #de-dh4 #ghf ,,xii1 #ceh-ei4 ,conc]n+ ! virtue ( riv] crabs we may also quote f a /ory told 9 ,nias ,isl&1 we/ ( ,sumatra3 8= _h he only eat5 riv] crabs1 m5 w\ld h ca/ _! sk9 l crabs1 & s1 r5ew+ _! y\? p]petually1 w\ld nev] h di$40--,f ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz] 7#aiah71 ,i1 #fg4 ,! belief t ! s]p5t annually *anges its sk9 & r5ews its y\? may acc\nt = ! virtues ascrib$ to ! fle% ( vip]s & to !riac 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs4 #ghg 4 #ghh ,,iv1 #gfj-fa1 ' 4 #ghi ,,xii1 #caa-ae4 #gij ,ad ,pisonem de !riaca2 ,de !riaca ad ,pamphilianum4 #gia ,,xiv1 #b-c4 #gib ,,xiv1 #bag4 #gic ,,xiv1 #bga-hj4 #gid ,,xiv1 #bhc4 #gie ,,xiv1 #bid4 #gif ,,xii1 #cag-ah2 ,,xiv1 #de-df1 #bch4 #gig ,,xiv1 #bch-ci4 #gih ,,xiii1 #cga1 #cgd4 #gii ,,xiii1 #acd4 #hjj ,,xiii1 #bdb4 #hja ,,xi1 #hei4 #hjb ,,xii1 #egc2 see also ,,xiii1 #bef4 #hjc ,,xi1 #hfj4 #hjd ,,xii1 #bie-if4 #hje ,,xii1 #bjg4 #hjf ,a repres5tation ( ! ,aga?odaemon2 see ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 ,! ,gno/ics & _! ,rema9s1 ,london1 #ahhg1 p4 #bbj4 #hjg ,,xii1 #bhh-hi4 ,at ,,ii1 #afc1 ,gal5 aga9 accepts ! notion t human saliva is fatal to scorpions4 #hjh ,,xiv1 #cba4 #hji ,,xiv1 #cdi4 #haj ,,xiv1 #chf-hg4 #haa ,,xiv1 #cdc4 #hab ,,xiv1 #dac4 #hac ,,xiv1 #dbg4 #had ,,xiv1 #dcj4 #hae ,,xiv1 #dga4 #haf ,,xiv1 #dgb4 #hag ,,xiv1 #dgf4 ,& o!rs1 8,ut ne cui p5is arrigi possit10 & 8,ad arrectionem pud5di40 #hah 8,! ,psoran!a bitum9osa ( ,l9naeus4 ,x is f\nd on declivities ne> ! sea-coa/ 9 ! s\? ( ,europe10 says a note 9 ,bo/ock & ,riley's ,! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,pl9y 7,bohn ,libr>y71 ,,iv1 #ccj4 ,pl9y1 too 7,,xxi1 #hh71 /ates t trefoil is poison\s itself & to be us$ only z a c\nt]-poison4 #hai ,,xiv1 #dia2 a good example ( ! p[] ( sugge/ion4 #hbj ,,xiv1 #dih4 #hba ,,xiv1 #ejb4 #hbb ,,xiv1 #eje4 #hbc ,,xiv1 #eag4 #hbd ,,xiv1 #efg;ff4 #hbe ,i1 #cje-dab4 #hbf ,gal5 9 ,,pw4 #hbg ,i1 #cbe-f4 #hbh ,,xvii ,b1 #bab & #hcd4 #hbi ,p>tic4 #f1 ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #bec4 #hcj ,khn1 ,,xiv1 #bee4 #hca ,^! passages all come f ! #bd? ,p>ticula ( ,maimonides' ,aphorisms1 :i* is devot$ especially to m>vels3--8,incipit p>ticula xxiiii cont95s aphorismos dep5d5tes a miraculis rep]tis 9 libris m$icorum10 f an edition ( ! ,aphorisms dat$ #adhi & numb]$ ,,ia4#bhhgh 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! same section conta9s /ill o!r m>vels f ! works ( ,gal54 #hcb ,khn1 ,,vi1 #hcb-e4 #hcc ,,vi1 #hcc4 #hcd ,,xvi1 #bbb-bc4 #hce ,i1 #ec4 #hcf ,coeli /atus1 or 4 ,x1 #eic-if1 #fbe1 #fcd1 #fde1 #fdg-dh1 #feh1 #ffb1 #fhe1 #gcg1 #gei-fj1 #ggh1 #hbi1 etc4 #hcg ,x1 #fhh2 ,,xiii1 #edd2 ,,xiv1 #bhe4 #hch ,,xii1 #cef4 #hci ,,xiv1 #bih4 #hdj ,,xi1 #gih4 #hda ,,ii1 #bf-bh4 #hdb ,,xix1 #ebi-cj4 #hdc ,,xix1 #ecd-gc4 #hdd ,,ix1 #gid4 #hde ,,ix1 #ija-b4 #hdf ,,ix1 #ijd4 #hdg ,,ix1 #ijh-aj4 #hdh ,,ix1 #iac4 #hdi ,,ix1 #ibb4 #hej ,,ix1 #ice4 #hea ,khn1 ,,xix1 #bb-cde4 ,plut>*1 ,op]a1 ed4 ,didot1 ,de placitis philosophorum1 pp4 #ajfe-aaad2 9 ,plut>*'s ,miscellanies & ,essays1 ,engli% translation1 #ahhi1 ,,iii1 #ajd-ib4 ,! word+ ( ! two v]sions diff]s some:at & 9 ,gal5's works x is divid$ simply into #cg *apt]s1 :]eas 9 ,plut>*'s works x is divid$ into five books & _m m *apt]s4 #heb ,,xix1 #cbj-ba2 ,de plac4 philos41 ,v1 #a-b4 #hec ,,xix1 #bec2 ,de plac4 philos41 ,i1 #h4 #hed ,khn1 ,,xix1 #bfa-fb2 ,de placitis philosophorum1 ,i1 #bh2 8 4 48 #hee ,,xix1 #ccc4 #hef ,,xix1 #bgd2 ,de plac4 philos41 ,,ii1 #ai4 #heg ,,xix1 #bfe2 ,de plac4 philos41 ,,ii1 #e4 #heh ,z mu* c h>dly be said ( our pres5t day ar*itects1 ^: fanta/ic t9 cornices project+ f> out f ! ro(s ( high build+s & r[s ( /ones pois$ horizontally 9 mid-air1 ) no o!r visible support ?an a plate glass w9d[ b5ea?1 rem9d "o =cibly & pa9fully ( ! deceits & levitations ( magicians4 #hei ,de ar*itectura1 ed4 ,f4 ,krohn1 ,leipzig1 ,teubn]1 #aiab1 ,,viii1 iii1 #bd4 ,a rec5t ,engli% translation ( ,vitruvius is by ,m4 ,h4 ,morgan1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiad4 #hfj ,,viii1 iii1 #af1 #bj-ba1 #bd-e4 #hfa ,,iii1 i4 #hfb ,v1 ,introduction1 #c-d4 #hfc ,v1 vi1 #a4 ,! word+ is t ( ,morgan's translation4 #hfd ,,vi1 i1 #c-d1 #i-aj4 #hfe ,,ix1 vi1 #b-c1 ,morgan's translation4 #hff ,,iii1 ,introduction1 #c1 0 444 ,!re %\ld be ! greate/ indignation :51 z (t51 good judges are flatt]$ by ! *>m ( social ent]ta9m5ts into an approbation :i* is a m]e pret5ce40 #hfg ,idem4 #hfh ,,vi1 ,introduction1 #e4 #hfi ,,ii1 ,introduction4 ,vitruvius cont9ues1 8,b z = me1 ,emp]or1 nature has n giv5 me /ature1 age has m>r$ my face1 & my /r5g? is impair$ by ill heal?4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ^! advantages fail me1 ,i %all w9 y\r approval1 z ,i hope1 by ! help ( my k & my writ+s40 #hgj ,,iii1 ,introduction1 #b4 #hga ,,vii1 ,introduction1 #a-aj4 #hgb ,,vi1 ,introduction1 #b4 ,also ,,ix1 ,introduction1 :]e au?ors are decl>$ sup]ior to ! victori\s a?letes 9 ! ,olympian1 ,py?ian1 ,i/hmian1 & ,nemean games4 #hgc ,,vii1 ,introd41 #aa-ad2 ,,ix1 ,introd4 #hgd ,,ix1 ,introd41 #ag4 #hge ,,vii1 ,introd41 #aj4 #hgf ,,viii1 iii1 #bg4 #hgg ,,ix1 vii1 #g4 #hgh ,,ix1 ,introd4 #hgi ,,vii1 v4 #hhj ,,vii1 ,introd41 #ah4 #hha ,v1 i1 #f-aj4 #hhb ,x1 i1 #d4 #hhc ,x1 vii4 #hhd ,,ix1 viii4 #hhe ,,ix1 viii1 #b & #d2 ,x1 vii1 #d4 #hhf ,,nh1 ,,vii1 #ch4 #hhg ,! "w ( ,m>t91 ,re*]*es sur la vie et les ouvrages d',hron d',alex&rie1 ,p>is1 #ahed1 & ! acc\nts ( ,h]o 9 hi/ories ( physics & ma!matics su* z ^? ( ,hell] & ,cajori1 mu/ n[ be supplem5t$ by ! long article 9 ,pauly & ,wiss[a1 ,real5cyclopdie d] classis*5 ,alt]tumswiss5s*aft1 7#aiab71 cols4 #iib-ajhj4 ,a rec5t brief] summ>y 9 ,engli% is ! article by ,t4 ,l4 ,hea?1 ,,eb1 #aa? edition1 ,,xiii1 #cgh4 ,see also ,hamm]-,j5s51 ,ptolemaios und ,h]on1 9 ,h]mes1 ,,xlviii 7#aiac71 p4 #bbd1 et seq4 ,! writ+s ascrib$ to ,h]o1 hi!rto scatt]$ ab\t 9 v>i\s = ! mo/ "p inaccessible editions & ,,mss1 are n[ appe>+ 9 a s+le ,teubn] edition1 ( :i* five vols4 h appe>$1 #ahii1 #aijj1 #aijc1 #aiab1 #aiad1 includ+ respectively1 ! ,pneumatics & ,automatic ,!at]1 ! ,me*anics & ,mirrors1 ! ,metrics & ,dioptra1 ! ,def9itions & geometrical rema9s1 ,/]eometrica & ,de m5suris & ,de geodaesia4 ,= ! ,belopoiika or "w on milit>y eng9es see ,c4 ,wes*]1 ,poliorctique des ,grecs1 ,p>is1 #ahfg4 ,9 ,engli% we h ,! ,pneumatics ( ,h]o ( ,alex&ria1 translat$ = ,b5net ,woodcr(t by ,j4 ,g4 ,gre5wood1 ,london1 #ahea4 ,a numb] ( articles on ,h]o by ,heib]g1 ,c>ra de ,vaux1 ,s*midt1 & o!rs w be f\nd 9 ,biblio!ca ,ma!matica & ,sudh(f's ,ar*iv f4 d4 ,ges*4 d4 ,naturwiss4 u4 d4 ,te*nik4 #hhh 4 #hhi ,hea? 9 ,,eb1 ,,xiii1 #cgh2 ,heib]g 7#aiad71 ,v1 ix4 #hij ,,pw1 ,h]on4 #hia ,baur 7#aiab71 p4 #dag4 #hib ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,automatic ,!at] he says1 8,! anci5ts call$ ^? :o con/ruct$ su* ?+s ?aumaturges because ( ! a/\nd+ "* ( ! spectacle40 #hic ,,pw1 #ajde4 #hid ,b p]haps ?is is a m$ieval int]polation 9 ! nature ( a crude ,*ri/ian attempt to depict 8! firmam5t 9 ! mid/ ( ! wat]s0 7,g5esis1 ,i1 #f74 ,h[ev]1 x also some:at resembles ! univ]se ( ! ,greek philosoph]1 ,leucippus1 :o 8made ! e>? a hemisph]e ) a hemisph]e ( air above1 ! :ole surr\nd$ by ! support+ cry/al sph]e :i* held ! moon4 ,above ?is came ! planets1 !n ! sun0--,orr 7#aiac71 p4 #fc & ,fig4 #ac4 ,see also ,k4 ,tittel1 8,das ,weltbild bei ,h]on10 9 ,bibl4 ,ma?4 7#aijg-aijh71 pp4 #aac-g4 #hie ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 pp4 #fh-i4 ,= ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ,greek al*emy ,i h foll[$ ,b]!lot's ?ree works1 ,les ,orig9es de l',al*imie1 #ahhe2 ,collection des anci5s ,al*imi/es ,grecs1 #c vols41 #ahhg-ahhh2 ,introduction l'tude de la ,*imie1 #ahhi4 ,b]!lot made a good _m books f too few ,,mss2 w5t ov] ! same gr\nd repeat$ly2 & sometimes _h to correct 8 previ\s /atem5ts2 b /ill rema9s ! fulle/ acc\nt ( ! subject4 ,e4 ,o4 v4 ,lippmann1 ,ent/ehung und ,ausbreitung d] ,al*emie1 #aiai1 is /ill bas$ l>gely on ,b]!lot's publications4 ,9 ,engli% see ,c4 ,a4 ,br[ne1 8,! ,poem ( ! ,philosoph] ,!ophra/os ^u ! ,sacr$ ,art3 ,a ,metrical ,translation ) ,comm5ts ^u ! ,hi/ory ( ,al*emy10 9 ,! ,sci5tific ,mon?ly1 ,septemb]1 #aibj1 pp4 #aic-bad4 #hif ,! e>lie/ ( !m is ,john ( ,antio* ( ! reign ( ,h]aclius1 ab\t #fbj ,a4 ,d41 al?\gh !y seem to use ,panodorus1 an ,egyptian monk ( ! reign ( ,arcadius4 ,ev5 he w\ld be a c5tury remov$ f ! ev5t4 #hig ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 pp4 #bf1 #gb1 etc41 took ?is /ory ab\t ,diocletian f> too s]i\sly4 #hih ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 #aib-c4 #hii ,b ! ,labyr9? ( ,solomon1 :i* ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 p4 #af1 _h cit$ z an example ( ! sort ( anci5t magic figures :i* _h be5 l>gely oblit]at$ by ,*ri/ians1 & ( ! antiquity ( al*emy among ! ,jews 7ibid41 p4 #ed71 al?\gh he grant$ 7ibid41 p4 #aga7 t x might n be z old z ! ,papyrus ( ,leyd5 ( ! ?ird c5tury1 lat] :5 he _h secur$ ! collaboration ( ,ruelle 7#ahhh71 ,i1 #aef-g1 & ,,iii1 #da1 he _h to admit 0 n ev5 z old z ! elev5? c5tury ,,ms 9 :i* x occurr$ b 0 an addition 9 writ+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury & 8a cabali/ic "w ( ! middle ages :i* does n belong to ! old tradition ( ! ,greek al*emi/s40 #ijj ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 p4 #ei4 #ija ,ibid41 p4 #ec4 #ijb ,b]!lot 7#ahhh71 ,,iii1 #bea4 #ijc ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 p4 #ef4 #ijd ,b]!lot 7#ahhh71 ,,iii1 #bc4 #ije ,b]!lot 7#ahhh71 ,,iii1 #bea4 #ijf ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 p4 #afd4 #ijg ,ibid41 pp4 #agi-hj4 #ijh ,ibid41 p4 #fj4 #iji ,b]!lot 7#ahhh71 ,,ii1 #aae-f2 ,,iii1 #abe4 #iaj ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 pp4 #baa-b4 #iaa ,b]!lot 7#ahhi71 p4 vi4 #iab ,de in/itutione pr9cipis epi/ola ad ,traianum1 a treatise extant only 9 ,lat9 =m4 #iac ,,iv1 #gb4 ,on ! biography & bibliography ( ,plut>* consult ,*ri/1 ,ges*4 d4 ,grie*is*5 ,litt]atur1 #e? ed41 ,muni*1 #aiac1 ,,ii1 #b1 8,die na*klassis*e ,p]iode10 pp4 #cfg;ff4 #iad ,see also ! essay1 8,:e!r an old man %\ld engage 9 politics10 cap4 #af4 #iae ,see ,r4 ,s*m]tos*1 9 ,philol4-,hi/4 ,beitr4 z4 ,ehr5 ,wa*smu?s1 #ahig1 pp4 #bh;ff4 #iaf ,language & lit]>y =m are sur] guides & h be5 appli$ by ,b4 ,weiss5b]g]1 ,die ,spra*e ,plut>*s von ,*ronea und die pseudoplut>*is*5 ,s*rift51 ,,ii ,progr4 ,/raub+1 #ahif1 pp4 #ae;ff4 ,9 #ahgf ,w4 ,w4 ,goodw91 edit+ a revis$ edition ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ,engli% translation ( ! ,morals1 decl>$ t no critical translation 0 possible until a ?or\gh revision ( ! text _h be5 und]tak5 ) ! help ( ! be/ ,,mss4 ,s9ce !n an edition ( ! text by ,g4 ,n4 ,b]nadakes1 #ahhh-ahif1 has appe>$1 b x has n escap$ criticism4 #iag ,! ,engli% translation ( ,plut>*'s ,morals 8by sev]al h&s10 fir/ publi%$ 9 #afhd-afid1 six? edition correct$ & revis$ by ,w4 ,w4 ,goodw91 #e vols41 #ahgj-ahgh1 ,,iv1 #aj1 r5d]s a passage 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ,de defectu oraculorum1 9 :i* compla9t is made ( ! 8base & villa9\s que/ions0 :i* are n[ put to ! oracle ( ,apollo1 z foll[s3 8"s com+ to him z a m]e paltry a/rolog] to try 8 skill & impose ^u him ) subtle que/ions40 ,b ! correspond+ clause 9 ! ,greek text is m]ely 1 & !re seems to be no reason = tak+ ! ^w 8sophi/0 9 any o!r ?an its usual mean+4 ,! passage !re=e _c be int]pret$ z an attack ^u ev5 vulg> a/rolog]s4 #iah ,de defectu oraculorum1 #ac4 #iai ,cap4 #ab4 #ibj ,cap4 #g4 #iba ,cap4 #h4 #ibb ,cap4 #i4 #ibc ,cap4 #aj4 #ibd ,de g5io ,socratis1 #ba-bb4 #ibe ,ibid41 #bd4 #ibf ,de defectu oraculorum1 #dj4 #ibg ,de g5io ,socratis1 #ab4 #ibh ,sympos41 ,,viii4 #aj4 #ibi ,de defectu oraculorum1 #dd4 #icj ,ibid41 #dh4 #ica ,ibid41 #ac4 #icb ,ibid41 #aj4 #icc ,ibid41 #ac4 #icd ,de g5io ,socratis1 #bb4 #ice ,cap4 #bf4 #icf ,cap4 #bi4 #icg ,cap4 #cj4 #ich ,cap4 #bd4 #ici ,cap4 #bb4 #idj ,de defectu oraculorum1 #aj4 #ida ,ibid41 #ah4 #idb ,ibid41 #ac-ad4 #idc ,de defectu oraculorum1 #ba4 #idd ,de g5io ,socratis1 #aa4 #ide ,ibid41 #bj4 #idf ,romulus1 cap4 #ab4 #idg 4 #idh ,cap4 #b4 #idi ,cap4 #bb4 #iej ,cap4 #c4 #iea ,caps4 #e-h4 #ieb ,cap4 #i4 #iec ,de facie 9 orbe lunae1 #bh4 #ied ,,viii1 #i4 #iee ,de defectu oraculorum1 #ca-cb4 ,! resemblance ( ! /rang]'s tale to ! vision ( ,er 9 ,plato's ,republic is also evid5t4 #ief ,ibid41 #cd4 #ieg ,ibid41 #cg4 #ieh ,ibid41 #cf2 & see #aa-ab4 #iei ,caps4 #h-af4 #ifj ,cap4 #ag4 #ifa ,cap4 #ca4 #ifb ,cap4 #cc4 #ifc ,symposiacs1 ,,ii1 #g4 ,d',arcy ,w4 ,?ompson 9 8 translation ( ,ari/otle's ,hi/ory ( ,animals comm5ts on ,,ii1 #ad1 8,! my? ( ! #8%ip-hold]' has be5 elegantly expla9$ by ,v4 ,w4 ,elkman1 #8,on ,dead ,wat]1' 9 ! ,reports ( ,nans5's ,nor? ,pol> ,exp$ition1 ,*ri/iania1 #aijd40 #ifd ,see above p4 #gg = ! some:at diff]5t /atem5t ( ,pl9y 7,,nh1 ,,xxiii1 #fd74 #ife ,symposiacs1 ,v1 #aj4 #iff ,de s]a num9is v9dicta1 #ad4 #ifg ,de defectu oraculorum1 #dc4 #ifh ,x1 #a 7,casaub41 #ddf72 = ?is & "s o!r s\rce citations & a brief bibliography ( mod]n discussions on ! subject see ! article1 8,amiantus0 7#c7 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a4 #ifi ,article on 8,asbe/os0 9 ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica1 #aa? edition1 :i* fur!r /ates t ,*>lemagne 0 said to own a tableclo? :i* 0 clean$ by ?r[+ x into ! fire1 & t 9 #afgf a m]*ant f ,*9a exhibit$ to ! ,royal ,society a h&k]*ief ( 8salam&]'s wool0 or l9um asbe/i 7asbe/os l9574 ,see also ,m>co ,polo1 ,i1 #db1 & ,cordi]'s note 9 ,yule 7#aijc71 ,i1 #baf4 #igj ,,xix1 #d4 ,9 ,bo/ock & ,riley's ,engli% translation1 note #dd /ates t 8! wicks ( ! inext+ui%able lamps ( ! middle ages1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* 0 an article ( g5]al belief1 7 said to be made ( asbe/us40 ,on its use 9 lamp-wicks see also ,pausanias1 ,i1 #bf1 #g4 #iga 8,9 ! ye> #agjb !re 0 f\nd ne> ! ,naevian ,gate at ,rome a fun]al urn1 9 :i* !re 0 a skull1 calc9$ bones1 & o!r a%es1 enclos$ 9 a clo? ( asbe/us ( a m>vel\s l5g?4 ,x is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican10 7,bo/ock & ,riley1 note #de74 #igb 8,on ! contr>y1 x is f\nd 9 ! ,high] ,alps 9 ! vic9ity ( glaci]s1 9 ,scotl&1 & 9 ,sib]ia ev50 7,bo/ock & ,riley1 note #df74 ,! article on 8,amiantus 7#c70 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a incorrectly assumes t 9 ,,xix1 #d1 ,pl9y has x 9 m9d4 ,9 ,,xxxvi1 #ca1 h[ev]1 ,pl9y briefly describes ! /one amian?us1 :i* ,bo/ock & ,riley 7note #eb7 call 8! mo/ delicate v>iety ( asbe/us10 z 8los+ no?+ 9 fire0 & 8resi/+ all potions 7or1 spells7 ev5 ( ! magi10--8,amiantus alum9i similis nihil igni dep]dit4 ,hic v5eficis resi/it omnibus privatim magorum40 ,9 ,,xxxvii1 #ed1 9 an alphabetical li/ ( /ones1 he briefly /ates t asbe/os is iron-color$ & f\nd 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,arcadia1--8,asbe/os 9 ,arcadiae montibus nascitur coloris f]rei40 #igc ,ed4 by ,r4 ,h]*]1 ,lipsiae1 #ahea2 & by ,c4 ,mll] 9 ,geograph4 ,graeci ,m9ores1 ,,ii1 #fcg;ff4 #igd ,9 ,*ri/'s ,ges*4 d4 ,grie*4 ,litt41 n only is ! ,on ,riv]s & ,m\nta9s itself call$ a 8,s*w9delbu*10 b ^! citations are reject$ z fraudul5t4 #ige ,cap4 #e4 #igf ,cap4 #ah4 #igg ,cap4 #ba4 #igh ,cap4 #f4 #igi ,cap4 #a4 #ihj ,cap4 #g4 #iha ,caps4 #i1 #aj1 #ab4 #ihb ,caps4 #af1 #ah1 #bd4 #ihc ,cap4 #ag4 #ihd ,v1 #g4 #ihe ,bruta animalia ratione uti1 cap4 #i2 also ,quae/4 ,nat41 cap4 #bf1 8,:y c]ta9 brutes seek c]ta9 rem$ies40 #ihf ,de sol]tia animalium4 #ihg ,ibid41 #cf-cg2 also ! clos+ *apt]s ( ,! ,banquet ( ! ,sev5 ,sages4 #ihh ,cap4 #ca4 #ihi ,cap4 #be4 #iij ,cap4 #ab4 #iia ,cap4 #aj4 #iib ,cap4 #bi4 #iic ,isis & ,osiris1 #aj4 #iid ,,viii1 #i1 4 #iie ,nat4 ,quae/41 caps4 #f1 #ad1 #bb1 #bd1 #cf4 #iif ,symposiacs1 ,,ii1 #i2 ,,iv1 #b2 ,,iii1 #aj2 ,,iv1 #e4 #iig ,de facie 9 orbe lunae1 #i-aj2 also ! op5+ *apt]s ( ,de defectu oraculorum4 #iih ,cap4 #g4 #iii ,cap4 #ah4 #ajjj 8,tam graece quam lat9e1 gem9o voto1 p>i /udio1 simili /udio40 #ajja ,florida1 cap4 #i4 #ajjb ,apologia1 cap4 #d4 #ajjc ,caps4 #gc & #ee4 #ajjd ,caps4 #ee-ef4 #ajje ,cap4 #ag4 #ajjf ,apologia1 cap4 #gj4 #ajjg ,cap4 #hi4 #ajjh ,to ,pr(essor ,butl] 7,apulei ,apologia1 ed4 ,h4 ,e4 ,butl] & ,a4 ,s4 ,ow51 ,ox=d1 #aiad7 ?is difficulty seems s insurm\ntable t he places ! ,apology e>li]4 ,b = ! reasons already giv5 ,i agree ) ! article on ,apuleius 9 ,pauly & ,wiss[a & its citations t ! ,metamorphoses is ,apuleius's fir/ "w4 #ajji ,! "w op5s ) ! /atem5t t ! au?or 8w /it* toge!r v>i$ /ories 9 ! s-call$ ,milesian mann]10 & t 8we beg9 ) a ,grecian /ory40 #ajaj ,i1 #c4 #ajaa ,,ii1 #a4 #ajab ,i1 #h4 #ajac ,,ii1 #e4 #ajad ,,iii1 #ae4 ,! word+ ( ! translat$ passages ?r\gh\t ?is *apt] is ma9ly my own1 b ,i h made "s use ( exi/+ ,engli% translations4 #ajae ,,iii1 #af4 #ajaf ,i1 #h4 #ajag ,i1 #i-aj4 #ajah ,i1 #aa-ac4 #ajai ,,ii1 #bb & #be4 #ajbj ,,ii1 #bj & #cj2 ,,ix1 #bi4 #ajba ,i1 #aa2 ,,ii1 #aa4 #ajbb ,,ii1 #bj1 #bb2 ,,iii1 #ah4 #ajbc ,v simil> practices are rec\nt$ by ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1 ,native ,tribes ( ,s\?-,ea/ ,au/ralia1 pp4 #cee-if2 8! m$ic9e-m5 ( ho/ile tribes sneak into ! camp 9 ! night1 & ) a net ( a peculi> con/ruction g>otte "o ( ! tribe1 drag him a hundr$ y>ds or s f ! camp1 cut up 8 abdom5 obliquely1 take out ! kidney & caul-fat1 & !n /uff a h&ful ( grass & s& into ! w\nd40 #ajbd ,,vi1 #bf4 #ajbe ,,ii1 #bb4 #ajbf ,i1 #aj2 ,,vii1 #ad2 ,,ix1 #bc1 #bi4 #ajbg ,,ii1 #bh4 #ajbh ,,ii1 #f2 ,,iii1 #ai4 #ajbi ,,iii1 #bi4 #ajcj ,,iii1 #ag4 #ajca ,,iii1 #ba4 #ajcb ,i1 #aj2 ,,ii1 #bj-ba4 #ajcc ,,iii1 #af4 #ajcd ,,ii1 #bc-cj4 #ajce ,i1 #ac4 #ajcf ,,ii1 #e4 8,surculis et lapillis et id g5us frivolis inhalatis40 #ajcg ,,iii1 #ah4 #ajch ,,iii1 #ba4 #ajci ,,iii1 #bc4 #ajdj ,,iii1 #be4 #ajda ,,ii1 #bh4 #ajdb ,examples are3 ,i1 #c1 magico susurram9e2 ,,ii1 #a1 artis magicae nativa cantam9a2 ,,ii1 #e1 omnis c>m9is sepul*ralis magi/ra cr$itur2 ,,ii1 #bb1 diris cantam9ibus somno cu/odes obruunt2 ,,iii1 #ah1 tunc decantatis spirantibus fibris2 ,,iii1 #ba1 multumque cum luc]na secreta collocuta4 #ajdc ,i1 #aa1 quo num9is m9i/]io4 #ajdd ,i1 #h1 saga1 inquit1 et div9a2 ,,ix1 #bi1 saga illa et div9i pot5s4 #ajde ,,iii1 #ai4 #ajdf ,,ii1 #ab-ad4 #ajdg ,,viii1 #bf-bg2 ,,ix1 #h4 #ajdh ,i1 #d4 #ajdi ,x1 #aa1 #be4 #ajej ,,viii1 #bd2 ,,xi1 #bb1 #be4 #ajea ,i1 #e4 #ajeb ,,ii1 #bf4 #ajec ,,ix1 #cc-cd4 #ajed ,,ii1 #aa-ab4 #ajee ,x1 #aa4 ,= bibliography on ! m&ragora see ,fraz] 7#aiah7 ,i1 #cgg note #b 9 8 *apt] 8,jacob & ! ,m&rakes40 #ajef ,,viii1 #ba4 #ajeg ,,xi1 #a4 #ajeh ,macdonald 7#aiji71 p4 #abh4 #ajei ,,viii1 #i4 #ajfj ,cap4 #a4 #ajfa ,florida1 caps4 #bd-bf4 #ajfb ,caps4 #fa-fc4 ,! foll[+ passages f ,e4 ,a4 ,w4 ,budge1 ,egyptian ,magic 7#ahii71 p]haps furni% an explanation ( ! true purpose & "* ( ,apuleius's wood5 figure3 p4 #hd1 8,"u ! head+ ( #8,magical ,figures' mu/ c]ta9ly be includ$ ! s-call$ ,ptah-,sek]-,aus> figure1 :i* is usually made ( wood2 x is (t5 solid1 b is sometimes made holl[1 & is usually let into a rectangul> wood5 /& :i* may be ei!r solid or holl[40 ,to get ! protection ( ,ptah1 ,sek]1 & ,osiris1 says ,budge at p4 #he1 8a figure 0 fa%ion$ 9 su* a way z to include ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ! =ms ( ^! gods1 & 0 ins]t$ 9 a rectangul> wood5 /& :i* 0 int5d$ to repres5t ! c(f9 or *e/ out ( :i* ! tr9ity ,ptah-,sek]-,aus> came =?4 ,on ! figure itself & on ! sides ( ! /& 7 inscrib$ pray]s44440 ,su* a figure 9 a c(f9 might well be describ$ by ! accus]s z ! horrible =m ( a gho/ or skeleton4 #ajfc ,cap4 #ca4 #ajfd ,cap4 #db4 #ajfe ,cap4 #dc4 #ajff ,caps4 #a-c4 #ajfg ,cap4 #b4 #ajfh ,caps4 #bg & #ca4 ,= ! same ?\ght appli$ 9 ! case ( m$ieval m5 see ,gabriel ,naud1 ,apologie p\r t\s les gr&s p]sonages qui out e/ faussem5t s\ponnez de ,magie1 ,p>is1 #afbe4 #ajfi ,cap4 #be4 #ajgj ,cap4 #dg4 #ajga ,cap4 #be4 #ajgb ,caps4 #i1 #db1 #fa1 #fc4 #ajgc ,cap4 #bh4 #ajgd ,cap4 #dh4 #ajge ,cap4 #be4 #ajgf ,cap4 #bf4 #ajgg ,cap4 #ca4 #ajgh ,cap4 #f4 #ajgi ,cap4 #ac4 #ajhj ,caps4 #cj1 #cc4 #ajha ,cap4 #fa4 #ajhb ,cap4 #ec4 #ajhc ,cap4 #eh4 #ajhd ,cap4 #da4 #ajhe ,nic&] liv$ 9 ! second c5tury ,b4,c4 "u ,attalus ,,iii ( ,p]gamum4 ,( 8 works !re are extant ! ,!riaca 9 #ieh hexamet]s & ano!r poem1 ! ,alexiph>maca1 ( #fcj l9es2 ed4 ,j4 ,g4 ,s*neid]1 #agib & #ahaf2 by ,o4 ,s*neid]1 #ahef4 ,!re is an illum9at$ elev5? c5tury manuscript ( ! ,!riaca 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale at ,p>is1 :i* ,o4 ,m4 ,dalton 7,byzant9e ,art & ,ar*aeology1 p4 #dhc7 says 8is evid5tly a pa9/ak+ copy ( a v e>ly orig9al1 p]haps almo/ contempor>y ) ,nic&] himself40 #ajhf ,cap4 #dj4 #ajhg ,caps4 #di-ea4 #ajhh ,caps4 #ae-af4 #ajhi ,cap4 #dj4 #ajij ,cap4 #cf4 #ajia ,cap4 #h4 #ajib ,cap4 #he4 #ajic ,cap4 #ch4 #ajid ,cap4 #de4 #ajie ,cap4 #ea4 #ajif ,caps4 #cj1 #db4 #ajig ,cap4 #dj4 #ajih ,p4 #ih4 #ajii ,cap4 #ce4 #aajj ,s ,abt has po9t$ out3 ,die ,apologie des ,apuleius von ,madaura und die antike ,zaub]ei1 ,giess51 #aijh1 p4 #bbd4 #aaja ,caps4 #db-dc4 #aajb ,cap4 #ch4 #aajc ,cap4 #ij4 #aajd ,cap4 #ig4 #aaje ,cap4 #hd4 #aajf ,de mundo1 cap4 #a2 ,de deo ,socratis1 cap4 #d4 #aajg ,de m5s41 ,,iv41 #g1 #gc2 ,de o/5t41 #c1 #d1 #g1 #aj1 #dd1 #ed4 #aajh ,cap4 #dc4 #aaji ,cap4 #f4 #aaaj ,de deo ,socratis1 cap4 #h4 #aaaa ,hi/4 ,anim41 ,v1 #ai4 #aaab ,de deo ,socratis1 cap4 #ac4 #aaac ,ibid41 caps4 #i-aj4 #aaad ,,xviii1 #ah4 #aaae ,,viii1 #ad-bb4 #aaaf ,epi/les #ajb1 #acf1 #ach1 9 ,migne1 ,,pl1 vol4 #cc4 #aaag ,div94 ,in/it41 ,v1 #c4 #aaah ,codex ,laur5tianus1 plut4 #fh1 #b4 ,! same ,,ms conta9s ! ,hi/ories & ,annals 7,,xi-,,xvi7 ( ,tacitus4 ,a subscription to ! n9? book ( ! ,metamorphoses indicates t ! orig9al manuscript f :i* ?is 0 d]iv$ or copi$ 0 produc$ 9 #cie ,a4 ,d4 & #cig ,a4 ,d4 ,g4 ,huet1 8,le roman d',apule tait-il connu au moy5 ge10 ,le ,moy5 ,age 7#aiag71 #dd-eb1 holds t ! ,metamorphoses 0 n kn[n directly to ! m$ieval v]nacul> romanc]s4 ,see also ,b4 ,/umfall1 ,das ,mr*5 von ,amor und ,psy*e 9 ,se9em ,=tleb51 ,leipzig1 #aijg4 #aaai ,,clm #fba4 #aabj ,h>leian #cifi4 #aaba ,,vii1 #e4 #aabb ,ep4 #acf4 #aabc ,div94 ,in/it41 ,v1 #b-c4 #aabd ,conc]n+ o!r writ]s nam$ ,philo/ratus & :i* works %\ld be assign$ to ea*1 see ,s*mid 7#aiac7 #fjh-bj4 #aabe ,see article on ,apollonius ( ,tyana 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a4 ,priaulx1 ,! ,indian ,travels ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 ,london1 #ahgc1 p4 #fb1 f\nd ! geography ( ,apollonius's ,indian travels s errone\s t he came to ! conclusion t ei!r ,apollonius nev] visit$ ,india1 or1 if he did1 t ,damis 8nev] accompani$ him b fabricat$ ! j\rnal ,philo/ratus speaks (40 #aabf ,priaulx1 h[ev]1 reg>d$ its /atem5ts conc]n+ ,india z su* z might h be5 8easily collect$ at t great m>t = ,indian commodities & resort = ,indian m]*ants--,alex&ria10 or f e>li] au?ors4 #aabg ,,iii1 #bc1 #ce2 ,,iv1 #i1 #cb2 ,v1 #bj2 ,,vi1 #ab1 #af2 ,,vii1 #aj1 #ab1 #ae-af4 #aabh ,see ! treatise ( ,eusebius ,aga9/ ,apollonius4 ,lactantius 7,div94 ,in/41 ,v1 #b-c7 probably _h ref]5ce to ,hi]ocles 9 speak+ ( a philosoph] :o _h writt5 ?ree books aga9/ ,*ri/ianity & decl>$ ! miracles ( ,apollonius z wond]ful z ^? ( ,*ri/4 #aabi ,s ,orig5 says 7,aga9/ ,celsus1 ,,vi1 #da7 & ,philo/ratus implies 7,i1 #c74 #aacj ,see ! ,aga9/ ,apollonius1 caps4 #ca1 #ce4 #aaca 1 1 cap4 #e4 ,9 ! passage quot$ ,i h us$ ,f[l]'s translation4 #aacb ,9 o!r respects1 h[ev]1 ,i h usually f\nd ?is translation1 :i* accompanies ! ,greek text 9 ! rec5t ,loeb ,classical ,libr>y edition1 bo? racy & accurate1 & h employ$ x 9 a numb] ( ! quotations :i* foll[4 #aacc ,i1 #cb4 #aacd ,i1 #bi4 #aace ,i1 #bf4 #aacf ,i1 #dj4 #aacg ,v1 #ab4 #aach ,,vii1 #ci4 #aaci ,v1 #ab4 #aadj ,,iv1 #ah4 #aada ,,viii1 #ai4 #aadb ,,viii1 #cj4 #aadc ,,viii1 #g4 #aadd ,,vii1 #bj4 #aade ,,vii1 #cd4 #aadf ,,vii1 #ci4 #aadg ,,vi1 #aa2 ,,iii1 #dc4 #aadh ,,vi1 #da4 #aadi ,i1 #b4 #aaej ,v1 #ab4 #aaea ,,vi1 #aa4 #aaeb ,j4 ,e4 ,h>rison1 ,!mis1 ,cambridge1 #aiab1 p4 #gb4 8,! ,buddha himself condemn$ z wor?less ! :ole sy/em ( ,v$ic sacrifices1 includ+ 9 8 ban a/rology1 div9ation1 spells1 om5s1 & wit*craft2 b 9 ! e>lie/ ,buddhi/ /upas kn[n to u1 ! symbolism is entirely borr[$ f ! sacrificial lore ( ! ,v$as30 ,e4 ,b4 ,havell1 ,a ,h&book ( ,indian ,art1 #aibj1 p4 #f1 & see p4 #cb = ! bir? ( ,buddha "u ! sign ,taurus4 #aaec ,,vi1 #aj4 #aaed ,,iii1 #ab4 #aaee ,,iii1 #af4 #aaef ,,iii1 #ac4 #aaeg ,,iii1 #ab4 ,b p]haps ! translation %\ld be1 8m5 :o are exce$+ly wise40 #aaeh ,,iii1 #ae4 #aaei ,,iii1 #df-dg4 #aafj ,,iii1 #ag4 #aafa ,,iii1 #bg4 #aafb ,,iii1 #ch-dj4 #aafc ,,iii1 #dd4 #aafd ,,iii1 #da4 #aafe ,,iii1 #ba4 #aaff ,,iii1 #da4 #aafg ,v1 #cg4 #aafh ,v1 #cg4 #aafi ,,iii1 #cd4 #aagj ,,iii1 #cg4 #aaga ,,vi1 #ch4 #aagb ,,iii1 #cd4 #aagc ,v1 #ag4 #aagd ,i1 #bb4 #aage ,,nh1 ,,viii1 #ag2 ,hi/4 ,anim41 ,,vi1 #ca4 #aagf ,,vi1 #cg4 #aagg ,! anci5t au?orities1 pro & con1 w be f\nd li/$ 9 ,d4 ,w4 ,?ompson1 ,gloss>y ( ,greek ,birds1 #ajf-ajg4 ,he adds3 8,mod]n naturali/s accept ! /ory ( ! s++ swans1 ass]t+ t ?\gh ! common swan _c s+1 yet ! ,:oop] or :i/l+ swan does s4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,:oop] s+s1 = _m orni?ologi/s /ate ! fact1 b ,i d n ?9k t x c s+ v well2 at ! v be/1 dant sonitum rauci p] /agna loquacia cygni4 ,?is concrete explanation is q inadequate2 x is beyond a d\bt t ! swan's song 7l ! halcyon's7 veil$1 & /ill hides1 "s my/ical allusion40 #aagh ,,ii1 #ad4 #aagi ,i1 #bb4 ,pl9y1 ,,nh1 ,,viii1 #ag1 repeats a slightly diff]5t popul> notion t ! lioness te>s h] womb ) h] claws & s c be> b once2 aga9/ ?is view he cites ,ari/otle's /atem5t t ! lioness be>s five times1 z describ$ above4 #aahj ,,iii1 #b4 #aaha ,,iii1 #dg2 ,,vi1 #be4 ,scylax 0 a ,p]sian admiral "u ,d>ius :o travel$ to ,india & wrote an acc\nt ( 8 voyages4 ,! "w extant "u 8 "n is ( d\btful au?or%ip 7,isaac ,vossius1 ,p]iplus ,scylacis ,c>y&5sis1 #afci71 b "s date x z e>ly z ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 #aahb ,,ii1 #aa-af4 #aahc ,,ii1 #b2 ,,iii1 #d4 #aahd ,,ii1 #bh4 #aahe ,,iii1 #a4 ,greek fire8 #aahf ,,iii1 #dh-i4 #aahg ,,iii1 #f2 ,,ii1 #ag4 #aahh ,,iii1 #g4 #aahi ,,nh1 ,,viii1 #aa4 #aaij ,,iii1 #h4 #aaia ,,iii1 #i4 #aaib ,,iii1 #g4 #aaic ,,iii1 #h4 #aaid ,,ii1 #ad4 #aaie ,,ii1 #dj4 #aaif ,,iii1 #bg4 #aaig ,,iii1 #ba4 #aaih ,,iii1 #a4 #aaii ,,viii1 #g4 #abjj ,,iii1 #cj4 #abja ,,iii1 #db4 #abjb ,,viii1 #g4 #abjc ,,iv1 #dd4 #abjd ,,viii1 #g4 #abje ,,viii1 #g4 #abjf ,,viii1 #bf2 ,,vi1 #dc4 ,! hi/orian1 ,dio ,cassius1 a contempor>y ( ,philo/ratus1 also /ates t ,apollonius ann\nc$ ! assass9ation ( ,domitian & ev5 nam$ ! assass9 9 ,ephesus on ! v day t ! ev5t occurr$ at ,rome4 ,8 acc\nt diff]s too mu* f t by ,philo/ratus to h be5 copi$ f x4 ,he concludes x ) ! positive ass]tion1 8,?is is really :at took place1 ?\gh !re %\ld be t5 ?\s& d\bt]s40 7,,lxvii1 #ah47 #abjg ,,iii1 #db4 #abjh ,,vi1 #aa4 #abji ,i1 #bc4 #abaj ,,iv1 #cd4 #abaa ,,viii1 #g4 #abab ,,iv1 #cg4 #abac ,i1 #bb4 #abad ,v1 #ac4 #abae ,,viii1 #g4 #abaf ,i1 #bj4 #abag ,i1 #ca4 #abah ,v1 #be4 #abai ,,iv1 #d4 #abbj ,,iv1 #bd4 #abba ,,iv1 #dc4 #abbb ,v1 #ah4 #abbc ,,vii1 #ah4 #abbd ,,iv1 #aj4 #abbe ,,viii1 #g4 #abbf ,,iv1 #dd4 #abbg ,,ii1 #d4 #abbh ,,vi1 #bg4 #abbi ,,iv1 #bj4 #abcj ,,iv1 #be4 #abca ,i1 #d4 #abcb ,i1 #ai4 #abcc ,epi/4 #ej4 #abcd ,,vii1 #cb4 #abce ,,vi1 #bg4 #abcf ,,iv1 #aa1 #ae-af4 #abcg ,,vi1 #dc4 #abch ,,iv1 #de4 #abci ,,iv1 #dd4 #abdj ,,viii1 #h4 #abda ,,vii1 #ch4 #abdb ,,viii1 #cj4 #abdc ,! passages are n li/$ 9 ,liddell & ,scott1 nor m5tion$ by ,pr(essor ,bury 9 8 note on 8,! 9 ,greek ,magic10 ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies 7#ahhf71 pp4 #aeg-fj4 ,hub]t's article on 8,magia0 9 ,d>emb]g-,saglio cites only "o passage & seems to reg>d ! iunx solely z a magic :eel4 ,d',arcy ,w4 ,?ompson1 ,a ,gloss>y ( ,greek ,birds1 ,ox=d1 #ahie1 also cites b "o passage f ,philo/ratus4 ,a4 ,b4 ,cook1 ,zeus1 ,cambridge1 #aiad1 ,i1 #bec-fe1 notes bo? ma9 passages b tries to int]pret ! iunges z sol> :eels r ?an birds4 ,b ! iunx is f\nd z a bird on sev]al ,greek vases ( ! late/ p]iod2 see ,briti% ,museum ,catalogue ( ,vases1 vol4 ,,iv1 figs4 #id1 #ih1 #cdb1 #afc1 #cca;b2 magic :eels are also repres5t$ on ! vases1 b are n describ$ z iunges 9 ! catalogue2 see vol4 ,,iv1 figs4 #cca;a1 #cgc1 #che1 #cii1 #dji1 #dcf1 #dej1 #deh1 & vol4 ,,iii1 ,e #ggd1 ,f #bbc1 ,f #bgi4 #abdd ,,vi1 #aj2 see also ,,viii1 #g4 #abde ,i1 #be4 #abdf ,,vi1 #aa4 #abdg ,cit$ by ,cook1 ,zeus1 ,i1 #bff1 :o1 h[ev]1 fails to connect x ) ! iunx4 #abdh ,newton's ,diction>y ( ,birds2 a ref]5ce suppli$ me by ! k9dness ( my colleague1 ,pr(essor ,f4 ,h4 ,h]rick4 #abdi ,pr(essor ,bury's !ory t 8! bird 0 call$ f its call :i* s\nd$ l 2 & x 0 us$ 9 lun> en*antm5ts because x 0 suppos$ to be call+ on ,io1 ! moon03 & t 8 orig9ally meant a moon-song indep5d5tly ( ! wryneck10 :i* came to be employ$ 9 magic moon-wor%ip on acc\nt ( its cry1 has already be5 refut$ by ,pr(essor ,?ompson1 :o po9t$ out t 8! bird does n cry 11 1 & ! sugge/$ d]ivation ( its "n & sanctity f su* a cry _c hold40 #abej ,see ,*apt] #di = a full] acc\nt ( x4 #abea ,see ,*apt] #ga4 #abeb ,ma?4 #ed1 ,lib] ,appollonii magi vel philosophi qui dicitur ,eliz9us4 #abec ,,bn #aciea1 #ab? c5tury1 ,lib] ,apollonii de pr9cipalibus r]um causis4 ,vi5na #cabd1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #egv-#ehv1 8,v]ba de proprietatibus r]um quomodo virtus unius frangitur p] alium4 ,adamas nec f]ro nec igne domatur 444_/ 444 cito m$etur40 #abed ,royal #ab-;,c-,,xviii1 ,bal5i de imag9ibus2 ,sloane #chbf1 fols4 #ajjv-#aja1 ,beleemus de imag9ibus2 ,sloane #chdh1 fols4 #eb-h1 ,lib] ,balam9i sapi5tis de sigillis planet>um1 fols4 #ei-fb1 lib] sapi5tis ,baleym de ymag9ibus septem planet>um4 ,b ^! =ms might sugge/ ,balaam4 ,we also he> ( ,flacius ,affricus1 a disciple ( ,bel5us4 #abee ,m4 ,/e9s*neid]1 8,apollonius von ,?yana 7od] ,bal9as7 bei d5 ,arab]n10 9 ,zeits*rift d] ,deuts*5 ,morg5lndis*5 ,gesells*aft1 ,,xlv 7#ahia71 #dci-df4 #abef ,t4 ,s*i*e1 ,de fontibus librorum ,cic]onis qui sunt de div9atione1 ,j5a1 #ahge2 ,k4 ,h>tfeld]1 ,die ,quell5 von ,cic]os zwei ,b*]n de ,div9atione1 ,freiburg1 #ahgh4 #abeg ,aulus ,gellius1 ,noctes ,atticae1 ,,xiv1 ,i4 #abeh ,adv4 a/rol41 9 ,op]a1 ed4 ,johannes ,alb]tus ,fabricius1 ,leipzig1 #agah4 #abei ,de div9atione1 ,i1 #ci4 #abfj ,ibid41 ,i1 #eh4 #abfa ,ibid41 ,,ii1 #aa4 #abfb ,ibid41 ,,ii1 #cc4 #abfc ,ibid41 ,,ii1 #cf4 #abfd ,i1 #ej4 #abfe ,,ii1 #c-d4 #abff ,,ii1 #e4 8,quae enim praes5tiri aut arte aut ratione aut usu aut coniectura possunt1 ea non div9is tribu5da putas s$ p]itis40 #abfg ,,ii1 #cj4 #abfh ,,ii1 #ab4 ,an a/rolog]1 h[ev]1 w\ld probably say t seem+ contradiction c\ld be acc\nt$ = by ! v>y+ influ5ce ( ! con/ellations ^u diff]5t regions4 #abfi ,,ii1 #ab4 #abgj ,,ii1 #ai4 8,quid igitur m9us a physicis dici debet quam quidquam c]ti signific>i rebus inc]tis80 #abga ,,ii1 #fj-ga4 #abgb ,,ii1 #ed4 #abgc ,,ii1 #af4 #abgd ,,ii1 #db-dg4 #abge ,,nh1 ,,vii1 #ba4 #abgf ,republic1 ,,ii1 #aj4 #abgg ,ibid41 ,,ii1 #ae4 #abgh ,ibid41 ,,ii1 #ah4 #abgi ,apologia pro m]c$e conductis4 ,mo/ ( ,lucian's ,essays h be5 translat$ into ,engli% by ,h4 ,w4 ,f[l] & ,f4 ,g4 ,f[l]1 #aije1 #d vols4 #abhj ,de defectu oraculorum1 #de4 #abha ,f[l]'s translation4 #abhb ,f[l] omits x4 ,x appe>s 9 ! ,teubn] edition1 ,luciani ,samosat5sis op]a1 ed4 ,c4 ,jacobitz1 ,,ii 7#ahhg71 #ahg-ie1 b bo? ,jacobitz & ,d9dorf m>k x z spuri\s4 ,croiset1 ,essai sur la vie et les uvres de ,luci51 ,p>is1 #ahhb1 p4 #dc1 also rejects x4 #abhc ,see ! int]e/+ pap] ( ,j4 ,d4 ,rolle/on1 8,lucian & ,m$ic9e10 #aiae1 #bc pp41 repr9t$ f ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,m$ic9e1 ,,viii1 #di-eh1 #gb-hd4 #abhd ,see ! close ( ,nigr9us4 #abhe ,r]um ge/>um libri qui sup]sunt1 ,,xxi1 i1 #ad4 #abhf ,! word+ ( ^! exc]pts is t ( ,f[l]'s translation4 #abhg ,see ,sackur1 ,sibyll9is*e ,texte und ,=s*ung51 ,halle1 #ahih2 ,alex&re1 ,oracula ,sibyll9a1 #bnd ed41 ,p>is1 #ahfi2 ,*>les 7#aiac7 ,,ii1 #cfh ff4 #abhh ,besides ! works to be cit$ lat] 9 ?is *apt]1 ! read] may consult3 ,a4 ,diet]i*1 ,abraxas 7,/udi5 z4 relig4 ges*4 d4 spt4 alt471 ,leipzig1 #ahia1 especially *apt] ,,ii 7pp4 #acf;ff471 8,jdis*-orphis*-gno/i*e ,kulte und die ,zaub]b*]02 & ,g4 ,a4 ,lobeck1 ,aglaophamus1 #ahbi1 #b vols4 #abhi ,/e9s*neid] 7#aijf71 #bd4 ,he m5tions ! diss]tation ( ,r4 ,piets*mann1 ,h]mes ,trismegi/us1 ,leipzig1 #ahge4 #abij ,see ,gal51 cit+ ,pamphilus1 ,khn1 ,,xi1 #gih4 #abia ,,xxi1 #ad1 #ae4 #abib ,,vi1 #d4 #abic ,i1 #a2 ,,viii1 #a-d4 #abid ,,viii1 #a4 #abie ,,viii1 #b4 #abif ,,viii1 #d4 #abig ,i1 #a4 #abih ,r4 ,reitz5/e91 ,poim&res1 ,leipzig1 #aijd1 p4 #cai4 ,?is "w is ! fulle/ sci5tific treatm5t ( ! subject4 #abii ,citations support+ ?is & ! prec$+ s5t5ces may be f\nd 9 ,kroll's article on ,h]mes ,trismegi/us 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 #hji-hbj4 ,! ,poim&res 0 translat$ into ,engli% by ,john ,ev]>d1 ,d4,d41 a my/ic b also a popul> prea*] ^: outspok5 s]mons caus$ 8 frequ5t arre/ & imprisonm5t dur+ ! reigns ( ,james ,i & ,*>les ,i4 ,james is report$ to h said ( him1 8,:at is ?is ,dr4 ,ev]-out8 ,8 "n %all be ,dr4 ,nev]-out10 7,dict4 ,nat4 ,biog474 ,dr4 ,ev]>d's translation 0 pr9t$ 9 #afej & aga9 9 #afeg :5 ! 8,asclepius0 0 add$ to x4 ,9 #ahhd x appe>$ aga9 9 ! ,ba? ,occult ,repr9t ,s]ies ) an introduction by ,h>grave ,j5n+s1 & ! second volume 9 ! same s]ies 0 ,h]mes' ,! ,virg9 ( ! ,_w1 publi%$ at ,london4 ,kroll m5tions only ! m rec5t translation by ,mead1 ,?rice ,greate/ ,h]mes4 ,london1 #aijf4 #acjj ,consult ! bibliography 9 ,kroll's article 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a4 #acja ,see ! v>i\s volumes ( ,catalogus codicum a/rologorum ,graecorum1 passim4 #acjb ,unpr9t$4 #acjc ,an ,engli% translation by ,john ,h>vey 0 pr9t$ 9 ,london1 #afeg1 #abmo4 ,x also exi/s 9 manuscript =m 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 ,sloane #agcd1 fols4 #bhc-ih1 8,! le>n$ "w ( ,h]mes ,trismegi/us intitul$ hys ,phisicke ,ma!matycke or ,ma!maticall ,physickes1 direct to ,hammon ,k+e ( ,egypte40 #acjd ,orphica1 ed4 ,abel 7#ahhe71 p4 #ada4 #acje ,x 0 to a "w on ?is la/ subject t ,pamphilus1 cit$ by ,gal51 ref]r$ 9 m5tion+ ! h]b 1 b ?is plant is n nam$ 9 ! extant treatise on ! decans4 ,su* treatises are m or less address$ to ,asclepius3 pr9t$ 9 ,j4 ,b4 ,pitra1 ,analecta ,sacra1 ,v1 ii1 #bgi-ij2 ,cat4 cod4 a/rol4 ,graec41 ,,iv1 #acd2 ,,vi1 #hc2 ,,vii1 #bca2 ,,viii1 ii1 #aei2 ,,viii1 iii1 #aea2 & by ,ruelle1 ,rev4 ,phil41 ,,xxxii1 #bdg4 #acjf ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 pp4 #acc-f1 & 8 article on ,h]mes ,trismegi/us 9 ,la ,gr&e ,encyclopdie2 also ,kroll on ,h]mes 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 #gii4 #acjg ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 p4 #acd4 #acjh ,b\*-,lecl]cq1 ,l',a/rologie grecque1 #ahii1 pp4 xi1 #eai-bj1 #efc-d4 #acji ,,nh1 ,,ii1 #ba2 ,,vii1 #ej4 #acaj ,khn1 ,,xii1 #bjg4 #acaa ,!y h be5 collect$ & edit$ by ,e4 ,riess1 ,ne*epsonis et ,petosiridis fragm5ta magica1 9 ,philologus1 ,supplbd4 ,,vi1 ,gtt+5 7#ahia-ic71 pp4 #cbc-cid4 ,see also ,f4 ,boll1 ,die ,er=s*ung d] antik5 ,a/rologie1 9 ,neue ,jahrb4 fr das klass4 ,alt]t41 ,,xi 7#aijh71 p4 #ajf1 & 8 diss]tation ( ! same title publi%$ at ,bonn1 #ahij4 ,i h f\nd t ,riess1 :ile includ+ "s ( ! passages attribut$ to ,ne*epso by ! six? c5tury m$ical writ]1 ,aetius1 seems to h ov]look$ ! 8,empla/rum ,ne*epsonis e cupresso10 ,aetius1 ,tetrabibl41 ,,iv1 ,s]mo ,,iii1 cap4 #ai 7p4 #gga 9 ! edition ( ,/ephanus1 #aefg74 #acab ,b\*-,lecl]cq1 ,l',a/rologie grecque1 #ahih1 p4 xiii4 ,axt & ,riegl]1 ,mane?onis ,apotelesmaticorum libri sex1 ,cologne1 #ahcb4 ,also edit$ by ,koe*ly4 #acac ,e4 ,riess1 ,on ,anci5t ,sup]/ition1 9 ,transactions ,am]ican ,philological ,association 7#ahie71 ,,xxvi1 #dj-ee4 ,gr5fell 7#aiba71 p4 #aea1 ann\nces t ,j4 ,g4 ,smyly is ab\t to publi% 8a rem>kable fragm5t ( an ,orphic ritual0 among "s ?irty papyrus texts 9 ! ,cunn+ham ,memoirs ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy4 #acad ,! ,greek text ( ! ,li?ica is conta9$ 9 ,orphica1 ed4 ,e4 ,abel1 ,lipsiae et ,pragae1 #ahhe4 ,a r too free ,engli% v]se translation1 ,orpheus on ,gems1 is giv5 9 ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 ( ,preci\s ,/ones & ,gems & ( ,preci\s ,metals1 ,london1 #ahfe4 #acae ,pp4 #cig-ih4 #acaf ,l9e #id1 2 l9e #afe1 4 #acag ,l9es #daj-daa4 #acah ,confessio ,s4 ,cypriani1 9 ,acta ,sanctorum1 ed4 ,boll&i/s1 ,sept41 ,,vii1 #bbb2 ,l4 ,prell]1 ,philologus 7#ahdf71 ,i1 #cdi;ff42 cit$ by ,a4 ,b4 ,cook1 ,zeus1 ,cambridge1 #aiad1 ,i1 #aaj-aaa4 ,! "w is treat$ m fully bel[ 9 ,*apt] #ah4 #acai ,franz ,cumont1 op4 cit41 ,*icago1 #aiaa1 p4 #ahi4 ,see also ,w9dis*mann1 ,zoroa/ris*e ,/udi51 ,b]l91 #ahfc4 #acbj ,see bel[1 ,*apt] #bf4 #acba ,cap4 #af4 #acbb ,edit$ by ,kroll1 ,de oraculis ,*aldaicis1 9 ,breslau ,philolog4 ,abh&l41 ,,vii 7#ahid71 #a-gf4 ,cory1 ,anci5t ,fragm5ts1 ,london1 #ahcb4 #acbc ,l4 ,a4 ,gray 9 ,a4 ,v4 ,w4 ,jackson1 ,zoroa/]1 #aija1 pp4 #bei-fj4 #acbd ,g4 ,wolff1 ,porphyrii de philosophia ex oraculis hauri5dis1 ,b]l91 #ahhf4 ,pitra1 ,analecta ,sacra1 ,v1 #b1 pp4 #aib-ie1 4 ,_m quotations ( oracles f ,porphyry's ,de philosophia ex oraculis hau/a are made by ,eusebius1 ,praep>atio evangelica1 9 ,,pg1 ,,xxi4 #acbe ,b\*-,lecl]cq1 ,l',a/rologie grecque1 p4 #eii4 #acbf ,paul ,all>d1 ,la trans=mation du ,paganisme roma9 au ,i,ve sicle1 pp4 #aac-cc1 9 ,compte ,r5du du ,congrs ,sci5tifique ,int]national des ,ca?oliques4 ,deuxime ,section1 ,sci5ces religieuses4 ,p>is1 #ahia4 #acbg ,plot9i op]a omnia1 ,porphyrii lib] de vita ,plot9i1 cum ,m>silii ,fic9i comm5t>iis 444 ed ,d4 ,wytt5ba*1 ,g4 ,h4 ,mos]1 & ,f4 ,creuz]1 ,ox=d1 #ahce1 #c vols4 ,page ref]5ces 9 my citations are to ?is edition1 b ,i h also employ$3 ,plot9i ,enneades1 ed4 ,r4 ,volkmann1 ,leipzig1 #ahhc2 ,select ,works ( ,plot9us translat$ f ! ,greek ) an ,introduction conta9+ ! sub/ance ( ,porphyry's ,life ( ,plot9us1 by ,?omas ,taylor1 new edition ) preface & bibliography by ,g4 ,r4 ,s4 ,mead1 ,london1 #aiji2 ,k4 ,s4 ,gu?rie1 ,! ,philosophy ( ,plot9us1 ,philadelphia1 #ahif1 & ,plot9os1 ,complete ,works1 #d vols41 #aiah1 ,engli% ,translation4 ,:]e my citations give ! numb] ( ! *apt] 9 addition to ! ,ennead & ,book1 ^! agree ) ,volkmann's text & ,gu?rie's translation1--:i*1 h[ev]1 are n q id5tical 9 ?is respect4 ,a notewor?y rec5t publication is ,w4 ,r4 ,+e1 ,! ,philosophy ( ,plot9us1 #aiah1 #b vols4 #acbh ,h4 ,f4 ,mll]1 ,plot9is*e ,/udi5 ,,ii1 9 ,h]mes1 ,,xlix1 #gj-hi1 argues t ! philosophy ( ,plot9us 0 g5u9ely ,hell5ic & free f ori5tal influ5ce1 t all !urgy 0 hateful to him1 & t he oppos$ ,gno/icism & a/rology4 ,mll] seems to me to ov]/ate 8 case & to be too ready to exculpate ,plot9us1 or p]haps r ,hell5ism1 f concurr5ce 9 ! sup]/ition ( ! "t4 #acbi ,= ,gno/icism see ,*apt] #ae4 #accj ,ennead1 ,,ii1 #i1 #ad4 1 ed4 ,g4 ,a4 ,heigl1 #ahcb2 & ,plot9i ,de ,virtutibus et ,adv]sus ,gno/icos libellos1 ed4 ,a4 ,kir*h(f1 #ahdg2 are simply extracts f ! ,enneads4 ,see also ,c4 ,s*midt1 ,plot9's ,/ellung zum ,gno/icismus u4 kir*l4 ,*ri/5tum1 #aijj2 9 ,,tu1 ,x1 #ij pp4 #acca ,ennead1 ,,iv1 #d1 #dj 7,,ii1 #hje or #dcd74 2 1 1 4 ,ibid4 #db 7,,ii1 #hjh or #dcf7 444 4 ,ennead1 ,,iv1 #i 7,,ii1 #hia or #dgi74 ,greek3 1 4 #accb ,ennead1 ,,iv1 #d 7,,ii1 #haj or #dcg74 #accc ,ennead1 ,,iv1 #d1 #dc-dd4 #accd ,ennead1 ,,iv1 #d1 #dd4 #acce ,see ,*apt] ,,xii1 pp4 #cbc-d4 #accf ,vita ,plot9i1 cap4 #aj4 #accg ,vita1 cap4 #aj4 #acch ,cap4 #aj4 #acci ,a#gdh4 #acdj ,%[n 9 ! article on 8,jewelry0 9 ! elev5? edition ( ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica1 ,plate ,i1 ,figure #ej4 ,! article says ( ! p5dant1 8,"h we f9d ! !mes ( ar*aic ,greek art1 su* z a figure hold+ up two wat]-birds1 9 imm$iate connexion ) ,myc5aean gold patt]ns40 ,see fur!r ,a4 ,j4 ,evans 9 ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies1 #ahic1 p4 #aig4 #acda ,j4 ,e4 ,h>rison1 ,!mis1 ,cambridge1 #aiab4 p4 #aad1 ,fig4 #bj4 #acdb ,vita1 cap4 #ae4 ,x w be not$ t l "s ( ! *ur* fa!rs ,plot9us attack$ g5e?lialogy r ?an a/rology4 1 4 77 4 #acdc ,ennead ,,ii1 #c1 4 ,porphyry arrang$ 8 ma/]'s treatises 9 ! =m ( six enneads ( n9e ea* & p]haps some:at revis$ !m at ! same "t4 #acdd ,ma!seos libri ,,viii1 ed4 ,kroll et ,skuts*1 ,lipsiae1 #ahig4 ,i1 #g1 #ad-bb4 #acde ,see bel[1 pp4 #cec-d4 #acdf ,ennead ,,ii1 #c 7p4 #bdb71 ' 1 1 4 ,see also ,ennead ,,iii1 #a1 & ,,iv1 #c-d4 #acdg ,i1 #ah4 #acdh ,cap4 #ai4 #acdi ,polycraticus1 ,,ii1 #ai1 7ed4 ,c4 ,c4 ,i4 ,webb1 #aiji1 ,i1 #aab74 ,mr4 ,webb 7,i1 xxviii7 holds t ,john ( ,salisbury 8c]ta9ly did n h ,plot9us10 & d]iv$ "s passages f 8 works ?r\gh ,macrobius & ,augu/9e2 b he is unable to /ate 9 :at int]m$iate s\rce ,john c\ld h f\nd ! passage n[ 9 "q4 ,x does n seem to reflect ,plot9us' doctr9e v accurately4 #acej ,ennead ,,iv1 iv1 #f & #h4 #acea ,ibid41 #cj4 ,gu?rie's translation1 8,we h %[n t memory is useless to ! />s3 we h agre$ t !y h s5ses1 namely1 sight & he>+10 is q mislead+1 z caps4 #dj-db make evid5t4 #aceb ,ennead ,,ii1 iii1 #f & #ac 7#bdi-ej74 #acec ,ennead ,,iv1 iv1 #ca4 444 1 4 #aced ,idem4 ,gu?rie heads ! passage1 8,absurdity ( ,ptolemean ,a/rology40 ,see also ,ennead1 ,,ii1 iii1 #a-e4 #acee ,ennead ,,ii1 iii1 #f4 #acef ,ennead ,,ii1 iii1 #d4 #aceg ,gu?rie's translation1 ,ennead ,,iv1 iv1 #ce4 1 4 #aceh ,idem4 ' 1 1 1 4 #acei ,ennead ,,iv1 iv1 #cd4 4 #acfj ,ennead ,,ii1 iii 7p4 #bef74 #acfa ,ibid4 7pp4 #bej-a74 #acfb ,ibid41 ,,ii1 iii 7pp4 #bdc-f1 #bed-e1 #bfc-e74 #acfc ,ennead1 ,,ii1 ix1 #ac4 1 1 4 #acfd ,! ref]5ces = ! /atem5ts 9 ?is p>agraph are 9 ! ord] ( _! occurr5ce3 ,ennead1 ,,ii1 iii 7pp4 #beg1 #bea-b72 ,,iii1 iv 7p4 #eba72 ,,iv1 iv 7p4 #hac72 ,,ii1 iii 7p4 #bfj72 ,,iii1 iv 7p4 #ebj72 ,,iv1 #c 7p4 #gaa73 9 ^! cases ! high] page-numb]+ is us$4 #acfe ,edit$ ,v5ice1 ,ald9e ,press1 #adig & #aeaf2 ,ox=d1 #afgh2 by ,g4 ,p>!y1 ,b]l91 #aheg4 ,9 ! foll[+ quotations f x ,i h usually adh]$ to ,t4 ,taylor's ,engli% translation1 ,london1 #ahba4 #acff ,c>l ,ras*e1 ,de ,iambli*o libri qui inscribitur de my/]iis auctore1 ,as*5dorff1 #aiaa1 #hb pp4 #acfg ,b\*-,lecl]cq1 ,l',a/rologie grecque 7#ahih71 p4 #eii1 cit+ ,kroll1 ,de oraculis ,*aldaicis4 #acfh ,de my/]iis1 ,i1 #e4 #acfi ,,viii1 #b4 #acgj ,i1 #i4 #acga ,i1 #ag 7,taylor's translation74 #acgb ,,iv1 #f4 #acgc ,i1 #aj4 #acgd ,v1 #aj-ab4 #acge ,i1 #bj4 #acgf ,,ii1 #f4 #acgg ,,ii1 #g4 #acgh ,,iv1 #a4 #acgi ,,iv1 #b4 #achj ,,iv1 #aj4 #acha ,,ii1 #aa4 #achb ,,ii1 #c4 #achc ,v1 #bj4 #achd ,i1 #i2 ,,vi1 #f2 ,,ii1 #aa4 #ache ,i1 #aa4 #achf ,v1 #bc4 #achg ,,iv1 #b4 #achh ,i1 #ab4 #achi ,i1 #ae2 ,,iii1 #bd 7,taylor's translation74 #acij ,,vii1 #d4 #acia ,,vii1 #e4 #acib ,,iii1 #bi4 #acic ,,ii1 #aj4 #acid ,,iv1 #aj4 #acie ,,iv1 #ab4 #acif ,,iv1 #c4 #acig ,,iv1 #aj2 ,,iii1 #ca4 #acih ,,iv1 #g4 #acii ,,ii1 #aj4 #adjj ,,vi1 #e2 ,,iii1 #be2 ,,iii1 #ac4 #adja ,,ii1 #aj4 #adjb ,e4 ,s4 ,b\*i]1 ,syria z a ,roman ,prov9ce1 ,ox=d1 #aiaf1 p4 #bca4 #adjc ,de ab/95tia1 ,,ii1 #dh4 #adjd ,,iii1 #a1 #aj4 #adje ,,iii1 #b-c4 #adjf ,,iii1 #aa4 #adjg ,,iii1 #bd2 ,,iii1 #ag4 #adjh ,,iii1 #ad4 #adji ,,iii1 #be4 ,al?\gh1 z /at$ above1 "o may be div9ely inspir$ :ile diseas$4 ,b !re is no causal connection betwe5 ! two4 #adaj ,,iii1 #bf4 #adaa ,,iii1 #ae4 #adab ,i1 #ag4 #adac ,,viii1 #d4 #adad ,,viii1 #f4 #adae ,,ix1 #c-d4 #adaf ,i1 #ah4 #adag ,iambli*us1 ,9 ,nicoma*i ,g]as5i ari?meticam introductionem et ,de fato1 publi%$ by ,t5nulius1 ,dev5t] & ,arnheim1 #affh4 #adah ,zell]1 ,philos4 d4 ,gr41 ,,iii1 #b1 #b1 p4 #fjh4 cites passages to %[ ,porphyry's lean+s t[>ds a/rology2 b ,f4 ,boll1 ,/udi5 b] ,claudius ,ptolemaeus1 #aae-ag1 & ,b\*-,lecl]cq1 ,l',a/rologie grecque1 #fja-fjb1 are incl9$ to ! opposite view4 #adai ,,ccag1 passim4 #adbj ,ed4 ,hi]onymus ,wolf1 ,basel1 #aeei1 ,greek & ,lat94 #adba ,,iii1 #bh4 #adbb ,,iii1 #bi4 #adbc ,eusebius1 ,praep4 evang41 ,,iv1 #f-ae1 #bc2 ,v1 #f1 #aa1 #ad-ae2 ,,vi1 #a1 #d-e2 etc41 9 ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,xxi4 #adbd ,loeb ,libr>y edition ( ,julian's works1 ,i1 #cih1 #dab1 #dcc4 #adbe ,i1 #dhb1 #dih4 #adbf ,i1 #dje4 #adbg ,i1 #cgd-ge4 #adbh ,i1 #cff-fg4 #adbi ,i1 #cfh4 #adcj ,i1 #dai4 #adca ,,xxii1 xii1 #h4 #adcb ,,xxi1 i1 #g4 #adcc ,,xxviii1 iv1 #bd4 #adcd ,,xxii1 xvi1 #ag-ah4 #adce ,publi%$ at ,v5ice 7,ald9e71 #adig1 along ) ! ,de my/]iis1 & o!r works edit$ or compos$ by ,m>silius ,fic9us4 ,see also ,procli ,op]a1 ed4 ,c\s91 ,p>is1 #ahbj-ahbg1 ,,iii1 #bgh2 & ,kroll1 ,analecta ,graeca1 ,greisswald1 #aija1 :]e a ,greek translation accompanies ! ,lat9 text4 #adcf ,eusebii ,caes>i5sis ,op]a1 ,p>s ,,ii1 ,apologetica1 ,praep4 ,evang41 ,,iv1 #bb2 ,v1 #f1 #h1 #aj1 #ab1 #ad2 ,,vi1 #a1 #d2 ,,xiv1 #aj 7,migne1 ,patrologia ,graeca1 vol4 #ba74 #adcg ,x1 #i-aj4 #adch ,b]!lot 7#ahhi71 p4 ix4 #adci 4 ,i h us$ bo? ! editio pr9ceps by ,gesn]1 ,zuri*1 #aeef1 & ! critical edition by ,r4 ,h]*]1 ,p>is1 #aheh1 & ,teubn]1 #ahfd4 ,! "w w h5ce=? be cit$ )\t title 9 ! notes4 #addj ,see ,,pw1 & ,*ri/1 ,ges*4 d4 grie*4 ,litt41 = fur!r details4 #adda ,i1 #bb4 #addb ,i1 #bd4 #addc ,i1 #ce4 ,d4 ,w4 ,?ompson1 ,gloss>y ( ,greek ,birds1 p4 #eg1 notes t 9 ! ,birds ( ,ari/ophanes1 :]e ! hoopoe appe>s1 8! my/]i\s root 9 v]se #fed is ! magical 40 #addd ,i1 #dh4 #adde ,i1 #eb4 #addf ,i1 #ed4 #addg ,,ii1 #b & #ca2 ,,iii1 #e4 #addh ,,iii1 #ag4 #addi ,,iii1 #bc & #be4 #adej ,,iii1 #bf2 9 ,i1 #de1 ! woodpeck] simil>ly employs ! virtue ( an h]b to remove a /one block+ ! entrance to its ne/4 #adea ,,iii1 #cb & #ch4 #adeb ,,iv1 #aj1 #ad1 #ag4 #adec ,,iv1 #bg4 #aded ,,iv1 #bi4 #adee ,,iv1 #ec4 #adef ,v1 #cg4 #adeg ,,vi1 #d4 #adeh ,,vi1 #af4 #adei ,,vi1 #cc4 #adfj ,,vi1 #da4 #adfa ,,vi1 #ei4 #adfb ,,vii1 #g-h4 #adfc ,,vii1 #ad4 #adfd ,,vii1 #af4 ,! /ory is also f\nd 9 ,pl9y ,,nh1 ,x1 #c1 :]e x is add$ t ,aes*ylus rema9$ out-doors t day1 because an oracle pr$ict$ t he w\ld be kill$ by ! fall ( a 7tortoise's7 h\se4 #adfe ,,viii1 #e4 #adff ,,viii1 #bb4 #adfg ,,ix1 #a4 #adfh ,x1 #dj4 #adfi ,,xi1 #b & #af4 #adgj ,,xii1 #ba4 #adga ,,xiii1 #c4 #adgb ,,xiv1 #ai4 #adgc ,c4 ,iulii ,sol9i ,collectanea r]um memorabilium it]um rec5suit ,?4 ,momms51 ,b]l91 #ahie1 pp4 xxxi-li4 ,beazley1 ,dawn ( ,mod]n ,geography1 ,i1 #ebj-b1 li/s #aeb ,,mss4 #adgd ,beazley1 ,dawn ( ,mod]n ,geography1 ,i1 #bdg4 #adge ,momms5 7#ahie71 p4 #dh4 #adgf ,ibid41 p4 #g4 #adgg ,yet "o m$ieval ,,ms ( ,sol9us is describ$ z ,de v>i>um h]b>um et radicum qualitate et virtute m$ica2 ,vi5na #ciei1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #ef-gd4 #adgh ,9 ,momms5's edition critical app>atus occupies m ?an "o-half ( ! #baf pages4 #adgi ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 ( ,preci\s ,/ones & ,gems1 ,london1 #ahfe1 p4 #f4 #adhj ,momms5 7#ahie71 pp4 #acb1 #ahh4 #adha ,ibid41 #df-g4 ,momms5 c\ld give no s\rce = ^! /atem5ts conc]n+ ,s>d9ia1 & !y d n appe> to be 9 ,pl9y4 ,b x is f a footnote 9 ! ,engli% translation ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory by ,bo/ock & ,riley 7,,ii1 #bjh1 cit+ ,dale*amps1 & ,lemaire1 ,,iii1 #bja7 t ,i le>n t ! laught] :i* ,pl9y 7,,nh1 ,,vii1 #eb7 speaks ( z a premonitory sign ( dea? 9 cases ( madness1 8is n ! indication ( mir?1 b :at has be5 t]m$ ! risus ,s>donicus1 ! #8,s>donic laugh1' produc$ by a convulsive action ( ! muscles ( ! face40 ,?is =m ( dea? may be :at ,sol9us has 9 m9d4 ,agricola 9 8 "w on metallurgy & m9es /ill believes 9 ! poison\s ants ( ,s>d9ia2 ,de re metallica1 ,,vi1 ne> close1 pp4 #baf-g1 9 ,hoov]'s translation1 #aiab4 #adhb ,momms5 7#ahie71 p4 #eg4 #adhc ,ibid41 p4 #ci4 #adhd ,momms5 7#ahie71 p4 #hb4 #adhe ,ibid41 pp4 #de-df4 #adhf ,ibid41 pp4 #ac1 #fh4 #adhg ,ibid41 pp4 #ah1 #da1 #aei4 #adhh ,ibid41 p4 #ej1 & else:]e1 8sid]um discipl9am40 #adhi ,ibid41 p4 #e1 8ma!maticorum nobilissimus40 ,sol9us probably takes ?is f ,v>ro1 :o1 z ,plut>* in=ms u 9 8 ,life ( ,romulus1 ask$ 8,t>rutius1 8 famili> acqua9tance1 a good philosoph] & ma!matician10 to calculate ! horoscope ( ,romulus4 ,see above1 p4 #bji4 #adij ,momms5 7#aije71 pp4 #ge-f4 #adia ,ibid41 p4 #ff4 #adib ,,pw1 = ! problem ( 8 id5tity & fur!r bibliography4 #adic ,i h us$ ! text & ,engli% translation ( ,a4 ,t4 ,cory1 ,! ,hi]oglyphics ( ,horapollo ,nil\s1 #ahdj4 ,philip's ,greek is s bad t "s w\ld date x 9 ! f\rte5? or fifte5? c5tury4 ,! olde/ extant ,greek codex 0 pur*as$ 9 ,&ros 9 #adai4 ,! "w 0 translat$ into ,lat9 by ! fifte5? c5tury at late/2 see ,vi5na #cbee1 #ae? c5tury1 #hb fols41 ,horapollo1 ,hi]oglyphicon lat9e v]sorum lib] ,i et libri ,,ii introductio cum figuris calamo ex>atis et coloratis4 #adid ,i1 #a2 ,,ii1 #fa2 ,,ii1 #fe2 ,,ii1 #cf & #ei2 ,,ii1 #eg2 ,,ii1 #hc2 ,i1 #cd-e2 ,,ii1 #eg2 ,,ii1 #dd & #ci & #gf-g & #he-f & #hh4 #adie ,,ii1 #de4 #adif ,,ii1 #df2 ,aelian says ! same1 h[ev]1 z we /at$ above4 #adig ,,ii1 #fd4 #adih ,,nh1 ,,xxviii1 #bg4 #adii ,,ii1 #gb4 #aejj ,i1 #f4 ,accord+ to ,pl9y 7,,nh1 ,,xx1 #bf71 ! hawk spr9kles its eyes ) ! juice ( ?is h]b2 ,apuleius 7,metamorphoses1 cap4 #cj7 says t ! eagle does s4 #aeja ,i1 #c4 #aejb ,,ii1 #eg4 #aejc ,i1 #aj4 #aejd ,i1 #aa4 #aeje ,i1 #ad4 #aejf ,i1 #af4 #aejg ,i1 #ac4 #aejh ,i1 #bc4 #aeji ,sir ,william ,muir1 8,anci5t ,arabic ,poetry1 its ,g5u95ess & ,au!nticity10 9 ,royal ,asiatic ,society's ,j\rnal 7#ahhb71 p4 #cj4 #aeaj ,ascrib$ to ,eno* 9 ,h>leian ,,ms #afab1 fol4 #aer1 ,incipit3 8,eno* tanquam unus ex philosophis sup] res qu>tum librum edidit1 9 quo voluit det]m9>e i/a quatuor3 videlicet de xv /ellis1 de xv h]bis1 de xv lapidibus preciosis et de xv figuris ipsis lapidibus sculp5dis10 & ,wolf5bttel #bgbe1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #hc-idv2 ,,bn #acjad1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #agdv2 ,amplon1 ,qu>to #cha 7,erfurt71 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #db-de3 = 8,eno*'s pray]0 see ,sloane ,,ms #chba1 #ag? c5tury1 fols1 #aijv-#aic4 ,ascrib$ to ,h]mes 9 ,h>leian #hj1 ,sloane #chdg1 ,royal #ab-;,c-,,xviii2 ,b]l9 #ifc1 fol4 #aje2 ,vi5na #ebaf1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #fcr-#ffv2 8,dixit ,eno* quod #ae sunt /elle _/ ex tractatu ,h]eme? 7i4 e4 ,h]mes7 et eno* compilatum02 & 9 ! ,catalogue ( ,amplonius 7#adab ,a4 ,d471 ,ma?4 #ec4 ,see bel[1 ,,ii1 #bbj-ba4 ,! />s are probably fifte5 9 numb] because ,ptolemy di/+ui%$ t _m />s ( fir/ magnitude4 ,dante1 ,p>adiso1 ,,xiii1 #d1 also speaks ( 8qu9dici /elle40 ,see ,orr 7#aiac71 pp4 #aed-f1 :]e ,ptolemy's descriptions ( ! fifte5 />s ( fir/ magnitude & _! mod]n names are giv54 #aeaa ,digby #fg1 late #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #fir1 8,prologus de tribus ,m]curiis40 ,!y are also id5tifi$ by o!r m$ieval writ]s4 ,"s w\ld fur!r id5tify ) ,eno* ,nannacus or ,annacus1 k+ ( ,phrygia1 :o =esaw ,deucalion's flood & lam5t$4 ,see ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz] 7#aiah71 ,i1 #aee-f1 & ,p4 ,buttmann1 ,my?ologus1 ,b]l91 #ahbh-ahbi1 & ,e4 ,babelon1 ,la tradition phrygi5ne du dluge1 9 ,rev4 d4 l'hi/4 d4 religs41 ,,xxiii 7#ahia71 :i* he cites4 ,rog] ,bacon /at$ t "s w\ld id5tify ,eno* ) 8! great ,h]mog5es1 :om ! ,greeks mu* comm5d & laud1 & !y ascribe to him all secret & cele/ial sci5ce40 ,/eele 7#aibj7 #ii4 #aeab ,r4 ,h4 ,*>les1 ,! ,book ( ,eno*1 ,ox=d1 #ahic1 p4 #cc1 cit+ ,euseb4 ,praep4 ,evan41 ix1 #ag1 #h 7,gais=d74 #aeac ,*>les 7#ahic71 p4 #aj1 cit+ ,ewald4 #aead ed4 ,d9dorf1 #ahbi4 #aeae ,lods1 ,ad4 ,le ,livre d',hno*1 ,fragm5ts grecs dc\v]ts ,akhm91 ,p>is1 #ahib4 ,*>les1 ,r4 ,h41 ,! ,book ( ,eno*1 ,ox=d1 #ahic1 8translat$ f ,pr(essor ,dillman's ,e?iopic text1 am5d$ & revis$ 9 accordance ) hi!rto uncollat$ ,e?iopic manuscripts & ) ! ,gizeh & o!r ,greek & ,lat9 fragm5ts1 :i* are "h publi%$ 9 full40 ,! ,book ( ,eno*1 translat$ anew1 etc41 ,ox=d1 #aiab4 ,also translat$ 9 ,*>les 7#aiac7 ,,ii1 #afc-bha4 ,!re are tw5ty-n9e ,e?iopic ,,mss ( ,eno*4 ,*>les1 ,r4 ,h4 & ,morfill1 ,w4 ,r41 ,! ,book ( ! ,secrets ( ,eno*1 translat$ f ! ,slavonic1 ,ox=d1 #ahif4 ,also by ,=bes & ,*>les 9 ,*>les 7#aiac7 ,,ii1 #dbe-fi4 #aeaf ,*>les 7#ahic71 p4 #bb4 #aeag ,*>les 7#aiac71 ,,ii1 #afe-f4 #aeah ,*>les 7#ahic71 pp4 #b & #da4 #aeai ,v41 #ed4 #aebj ,,xv1 #bc4 #aeba ,introd41 vi4 #aebb ,spec4 ,nat41 ,i1 #i4 ,a ,lat9 fragm5t1 f\nd 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 9 #ahic by ,dr4 ,m4 ,r4 ,james & publi%$ 9 ! ,cambridge ,texts & ,/udies1 ,,ii1 #c1 ,apocrypha ,anecdota1 pp4 #adf-ej1 8seems to po9t to a ,lat9 translation ( ,eno*0--,*>les 7#aiac7 ,,ii1 #afg4 #aebc ,book ( ,eno*1 ,,xl1 #i4 #aebd ,ibid41 ,,xliii2 ,secrets ( ,eno*1 ,,iv4 #aebe ,book ( ,eno*1 ,,xliii2 ,,xc1 #ba4 #aebf ,ibid41 ,,lx1 #ag-ah4 #aebg ,secrets ( ,eno*1 ,,xix4 #aebh ,caps4 ,,vi-,,xi 9 bo? ,lods & ,*>les4 #aebi ,book ( ,eno*1 ,,viii1 #c1 9 bo? ,*>les & ,lods4 #aecj ,book ( ,eno*1 ,,lxv1 #f4 #aeca ,ibid41 ,,lxv1 #g-h2 ,,lxix1 #f-i4 #aecb ,ibid41 ,,lxix1 #aj-aa4 #aecc ,secrets ( ,eno*1 ,x4 #aecd ,book ( ,eno*1 ,,xviii1 ,,xxi4 #aece ,ibid41 ,,xc1 #bd4 #aecf ,s+]'s translation4 ,/udies 9 ! ,hi/ory & ,me?od ( ,sci5ce1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ec1 ( ,scivias1 ,,iii1 #a1 9 ,migne1 ,,pl1 #aig1 #efe4 ,see also ! ,koran ,,xv1 #ah4 #aecg ,*>les1 p4 #cb & cap4 ,,lxxx4 #aech ,s+]1 #be-bf4 #aeci ,pp4 #ahg-bai4 #aedj ,secrets ( ,eno*1 ,i & ,,xxx4 #aeda ,see ,morfill-,*>les1 pp4 xxxiv-xxxv1 = m5tion ( ?ree & sev5 heav5s 9 ! apocryphal ,te/am5ts ( ! ,twelve ,patri>*s1 8writt5 ab\t or be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era10 & = 8! probability ( an ,old ,te/am5t belief 9 ! plurality ( ! heav5s40 ,= ! sev5 heav5s 9 ! apocryphal ,asc5sion ( ,isaiah see ,*>les' edition ( t "w 7#aijj71 xlix4 #aedb ,secrets ( ,eno*1 ,,xxvii4 ,*>les prefaces ?is passage by ! rem>k1 8,i d n pret5d to und]/& :at foll[s03 b x seems cle> t ! wat]s above ! firmam5t are ref]r$ to f :at ! au?or goes on to say1 8,& ?us ,i made firm ! circles ( ! heav5s1 & caus$ ! wat]s bel[ :i* are "u ! heav5s to be ga!r$ into "o place40 ,x w\ld also seem t ea* ( ! sev5 planets is repres5t$ z mov+ 9 a sph]e ( cry/al4 ,9 ! ,e?iopic v]sion1 ,,liv1 #h1 we are told t ! wat] above ! heav5s is mascul9e1 & t ! wat] b5ea? ! e>? is fem99e2 also ,,lx1 #g-h1 t ,levia?an is female & ,behemo? male4 #aedc ,secrets ( ,eno*1 ,,xxx4 #aedd ,ibid41 #de-df1 see also ! ,e?iopic ,book ( ,eno*1 ,,xciii1 = 8sev5 weeks40 #aede ,book ( ,eno*1 ,,xviii1 ,,xxiv4 #aedf ,ibid41 ,,xxxii4 #aedg ,book ( ,eno*1 ,,lii1 #b4 #aedh ,ibid41 ,,lxv1 #g-h4 #aedi ,ibid41 ,,lx1 #g4 #aeej ,ibid41 ,,xxxiii4 #aeea ,secrets ( ,eno*1 ,,xii1 ,,xv1 ,,xix4 #aeeb ,! lit]ature deal+ 9 g5]al ) ,philo & 8 philosophy is too ext5sive to indicate "h1 :ile !re has be5 no /udy prim>ily devot$ to our int]e/ 9 him4 ,x may be useful to note1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ rec5t editions ( 8 works & /udies conc]n+ him1 f :i* ! read] c le>n ( e>li] rese>*es4 ,see also ,leopold ,cohn1 ,! ,late/ ,rese>*es on ,philo ( ,alex&ria 7,repr9t$ f ,! ,jewi% ,qu>t]ly ,review71 ,london1 #ahib4 ,! mo/ rec5t edition ( ! ,greek text ( ,philo's works is by ,l4 ,cohn & ,p4 ,w5dl&1 ,philonis ,alex&r9i op]a quae sup]sunt1 ,b]l91 #ahif-aiae1 9 six vols4 ,! e>li] edition 0 by ,mangey4 ,rec5t editions ( s+le works are3 ,f4 ,c4 ,conybe>e1 ,philo ab\t ! ,contemplative ,life1 critically edit$ ) a def5ce ( its g5u95ess1 #ahie4 ,e4 ,brhi]1 ,comm5taire allgorique des ,sa9tes ,lois aprs l'uvre des six j\rs1 ,greek & ,fr5*1 #aiji4 ,9 ! passages f ,philo quot$ 9 ?is *apt] ,i h (t5 avail$ myself ( ! word+ ( ! ,engli% translation by ,c4 ,d4 ,yonge 9 f\r vols41 #ahed-ahee4 ,! ,lat9 translation ( ,philo's works made f ! ,greek by ,lilius ,tif]nates = ,popes ,sixtus ,,iv & ,innoc5t ,,viii is pres]v$ at ! ,vatican 9 a s]ies ( six ,,mss writt5 dur+ ! ye>s #adgi-adhd3 ,vatic4 ,lat41 #ahj-ahe4 ,j4 d',alma1 ,philon d',alex&rie et le quatrime vangile1 #aiaj4 ,n4 ,b5twi*1 ,philo-,judaeus ( ,alex&ria1 #aiaj 7a small g5]al book74 ,t4 ,h4 ,bill+s1 ,! ,platonism ( ,philo ,judaeus1 #aiai4 ,w4 ,b\sset1 ,jdis*-,*ri/li*] ,s*ulbetrieb 9 ,alex&ria und ,rom1 #aiae4 ,e4 ,brhi]1 ,les ,ides philosophiques et religieuses de ,philon d',alex&rie1 #aijh1 a s*ol>ly "w ) a t5-page bibliography4 ,m4 ,c>accio1 ,filone d',aless&ria e le sue op]e1 #aiaa1 a brief indication ( ! cont5ts ( ea* "w4 ,k4 ,s4 ,gu?rie1 ,! ,message ( ,philo ,judaeus1 #aiaj1 popul>4 ,h4 ,guyot1 ,les ,rm9isc5ces de ,philon le ,juif *ez ,plot91 #aijf4 ,p4 ,he9s*1 ,d] ,e9fluss ,philos auf die lte/e *ri/li*e ,exegese1 #aijh1 #bif pp4 ,h4 ,a4 ,a4 ,k5n$y1 ,philo's contribution to ,religion1 #aiai4 ,j4 ,m>t91 ,philon1 #aijg1 ) a five-page bibliography4 ,l4 ,h4 ,mills1 ,z>a?u/ra1 ,philo1 ! ,a*aem5ids & ,israel1 #aije1 #dfj pp4 ,l4 ,treitel1 ,philonis*e ,/udi51 #aiae1 is ( limit$ scope4 ,h4 ,w9dis*1 ,die ,frmmigkeit ,philos und ihre ,b$eutung fr das ,*ri/5tum1 #aiji4 #aeec ,! g5u95ess ( ?is treatise1 d5i$ by ,graetz & ,lucius 9 ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury1 0 amply demon/rat$ by ,l4 ,massebieau1 ,revue de l',hi/oire des ,religions1 ,,xvi 7#ahhg71 #agj-ih1 #bhd-cai2 ,conybe>e1 ,philo ab\t ! ,contemplative ,life1 ,ox=d1 #ahie2 & ,p4 ,w5dl&1 ,die ,!rapeut5 und die ,philonis*e ,s*rift vom ,bes*auli*5 ,leb51 9 ,jahrb4 f4 ,class4 ,philologie1 ,b& #bb 7#ahif71 #fic-ggj4 ,9 ,/4 ,john's ,college ,libr>y1 ,ox=d1 9 a manuscript ( ! e>ly elev5? c5tury 7,,ms #abh1 fol4 #bae ff7 ) ,dionysius ! ,areopagite on ! ecclesia/ical hi]>*y1 is1 ,philonis de excircumcisione cr$5tibus 9 ,aegypto ,*ri/ianis simul et mona*is ex suprascripto ab eo s]mone de vita !orica aut de orantibus4 #aeed ,de mundi opificio1 caps4 #di & #ej4 #aeee ,on ! ,contemplative ,life1 ,*apt] #i4 #aeef ,s he /ates 9 ! op5+ s5t5ces ( ! o!r treatise2 x is n extant4 #aeeg ,de mundi opificio1 caps4 #ed & #ee4 #aeeh ,rville1 ,j41 ,le logos1 d'aprs ,philon d',alex&rie1 ,g5ve1 #ahgg4 #aeei ,l9coln ,college1 ,ox=d1 has a #ab? c5tury ,,ms 9 ,greek ( ! ,de vita ,mosis & ,de virtutibus1--,,ms #cd4 #aefj ,! ,alex&] sive de animalibus & ! complete text ( ! ,de provid5tia exi/ only 9 ,arm5ian translation1--see ,cohn 7#ahib71 p4 #af4 ,! ,biblical ,antiquities1 extant only 9 an imp]fect ,lat9 v]sion1 is n reg>d$ z a g5u9e "w1--see ,w4 ,o4 ,e4 ,oe/]ley & ,g4 ,h4 ,box1 ,! ,biblical ,antiquities ( ,philo1 n[ fir/ translat$ f ! old ,lat9 v]sion by ,m4 ,r4 ,james 7#aiag71 p4 #g4 #aefa ,cohn 7#ahib71 #aa4 #aefb ,,ii1 #ag4 #aefc 7,quod omnis probus lib] sit1 cap4 xi72 also ,! ,law ,conc]n+ ,murd]]s1 cap4 #d4 #aefd ,on ,dreams1 ,i1 #ch4 #aefe ,numb]s ,,xxii-,,xxv4 ,balaam is1 ( c\rse1 ref]r$ to 9 a numb] ( o!r passages ( ! ,bible3 ,deut41 ,,xxiii1 #c-f2 ,jo%ua1 ,,xiii1 #bb2 ,,xxiv1 #i-aj2 ,nehemiah1 ,,xiii1 #a;ff2 ,micah1 ,,vi1 #e2 ,second ,pet]1 ,,ii1 #ae-af2 ,jude1 #aa2 ,revelation1 ,,ii1 #ad4 #aeff ,vita ,mosis1 ,i1 #dh-ej4 ,besides discussion ( ,balaam 9 v>i\s ,biblical comm5t>ies1 diction>ies1 & encyclop$ias1 see ,h5g/5b]g1 ,die ,ges*i*te ,bileams und se9e ,weissagung51 #ahdb4 #aefg ,de migrat4 ,abrahami1 cap4 #cb4 #aefh ,idem1 & ,de somniis1 cap4 #aj4 #aefi ,de mon>*ia1 ,i1 #a4 ,de mundi opificio1 cap4 #ad4 #aegj ,de mundi opificio1 caps4 #ah1 #ej & #bd4 ,see also 8 ,de gigantibus & 4 #aega ,ibid41 ,cap4 #ej4 ,huet1 ! not$ ,fr5* s*ol> ( ! #ag? c5tury1 /ates 9 8 edition ( ,orig5 t 8,philo aft] 8 cu/om repeats an op9ion ( ,plato's & almo/ 8 v words = 444 he ass]ts t ! />s are n only animals b also ! pure/ intellects40 ,migne ,,pg1 ,,xvii1 col4 #igh4 #aegb ,de mon>*ia1 ,i1 #a2 ,de mundi opificio1 cap4 #ad4 #aegc ,de mon>*ia1 ,i1 #a2 ,de migratione ,abrahami1 cap4 #cb2 ,de mundi opificio1 cap4 #dj4 #aegd ,eusebius1 ,de praep4 ,evang41 cap4 #ac4 #aege ,de mundi opificio1 cap4 #ai4 #aegf ,de somniis1 ,,ii1 #af4 #aegg ,ibid41 ,i1 #bb4 #aegh ,de bello ,jud41 ,v1 #e1 #e2 ,antiq41 ,,iii1 #g1 #g-h4 #aegi ,d] ,/]n d] ,weis5 7#ahbg71 p4 #cf4 8,nur w> ihre ,a/rologie dem ,!ismus unt]geordnet4 ,d] ,e9e ,gott ers*i5 imm] als d] ,h]rs*] des ,himmel%e]es4 ,sie betra*tet5 ab] die ,/]ne als leb5de gttli*e ,wes5 und ,m*te des ,himmels40 #aehj ,mnt] 7#ahbg71 pp4 #ch-ci1 #dc1 #de1 etc4 ,on ! subject ( ,jewi% a/rology see also3 ,d4 ,niels51 ,die alt>abis*e ,mondreligion und die mosais*e b]lief]ung1 ,/rasburg1 #aijd2 ,f4 ,hommel1 ,d] ,ge/irndi5/ d] alt5 ,arab] und die altisraelitis*e b]lief]ung1 ,muni*1 #aija4 #aeha ,su* z ,aulus ,gellius1 ,macrobius1 & ,c5sor9us4 ,^! writ]s seem to h tak5 x f ,v>ro4 ,we h also not$ numb] my/icism 9 ,plut>*'s ,essays4 #aehb ,br[ne 7#afej7 ,,iv1 #ab4 #aehc ,de mundi opificio1 cap4 #dj4 #aehd ,ibid41 caps4 #cj-db4 #aehe ,= ! lat] influ5ce ( su* doctr9es 9 ! ,mohamm$an _w see ,d4 ,b4 ,macdonald1 ,muslim ,!ology1 ,jurisprud5ce1 & ,con/itutional ,!ory1 #aijc1 pp4 #db-c1 conc]n+ ! 8,sev5]s0 & ! 8,twelv]s0 & ! doctr9e ( ! hidd5 ,iman4 #aehf ,ibid41 8,?us we h a s]ies ( sev5 times sev5 ,imans1 ! fir/1 & !reaft] ea* sev5?1 hav+ ! sup]ior dignity ( ,prophet4 ,! la/ ( ! =ty-n9e ,imans1 ?is ,muhammad ibn ,isma'il1 is ! greate/ & la/ ( ! ,prophets40 #aehg ,de vita contemplativa1 cap4 #h4 ,x w be recall$ t ! fifty books ( ! ,dige/ ( ,ju/9ian are simil>ly divid$4 #aehh ,de mundi opificio1 cap4 #c4 #aehi ,de mundi opificio1 caps4 #ae-af4 ,see also on p]fect numb]s ,on ! ,allegories ( ! ,sacr$ ,laws4 #aeij ,ibid41 cap4 #bj4 #aeia ,vita ,mosis1 ,i1 #ag4 #aeib ,de mundi opificio1 cap4 #bd4 #aeic ,ibid41 cap4 #ej4 #aeid ,de somniis1 ,,ii1 #ba-bb4 #aeie ,de somniis1 ,,ii1 ,i4 #aeif ,cap4 #ch4 #aeig ,,ii1 #cg4 #aeih ,cap4 #e4 #aeii ,s9ce ,i f9i%$ ?is *apt]1 ,i h not$ t ! 8folk-lore 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t0 has l$ ,sir ,james ,fraz] to write a passage on 8! h>lequ9s ( hi/ory0 some:at simil> to t ( ,philo on ,joseph's coat ( _m colors4 ,aft] rem>k+ t fri5ds & foes behold ^! politicians ( ! pres5t & hi/orical figures ( ! future f opposite sides & see only t p>ticul> hue ( ! coat :i* happ5s to be turn$ t[>d !m1 ,sir ,james concludes 7#aiah71 ,,ii1 #ejb1 8,x is = ! imp>tial hi/orian to contemplate ^! h>lequ9s f e side & to pa9t !m 9 _! coats ( _m colors1 nei!r altoge!r s :ite z !y appe>$ to _! fri5ds nor altoge!r s black z !y seem$ to _! enemies40 ,b :o c pa9t out ! blood/a9s8 #afjj ,a good acc\nt ( ! ,gno/ic s\rces & bibliography ( second>y works on ,gno/icism w be f\nd 9 ,,ce1 8,gno/icism0 7#aiji7 by ,j4 ,p4 ,ar5dz54 #afja ,anz1 ,zur ,frage na* dem ,ursprung des ,gno/izismus1 #ahig1 #aab pp41 9 ,,tu1 ,,xv1 #d4 #afjb ,aml9eau1 ,essai sur le gno/icisme gypti51 ses dveloppem5ts et son orig9e gypti5ne1 #ahhg1 #ccj pp41 9 ,muse ,guimet1 tom4 #ad2 & v>i\s o!r publications by ! same au?or4 #afjc ,b\sset1 ,hauptprobleme d] ,gnosis1 #aiaa2 & 8,gno/icism0 9 ,,eb1 #aa? edition4 #afjd ,! dat+ is some:at disput$4 ,"s ( ! ,gno/ic writ+s discov]$ 9 #ahif h1 ,i believe1 n yet be5 publi%$1 al?\gh ann\nc$ to be edit$ by ,c4 ,s*midt 9 ,,tu4 ,gr5fell & ,hunt w soon publi% 8a small gr\p ( #ba papyri 444 among :i* is a gno/ic magical text ( "s int]e/03 ,gr5fell 7#aiba71 p4 #aea4 #afje ,! ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 ,,xxiv1 #bi-ca4 ,n to m5tion ,paul's 8angels & pr9cipalities & p[]s40 #afjf ,/4 ,george ,/ock1 8,simon ,magus10 9 ,,eb1 #aa? edition4 ,see also ,george ,salmon 9 ,dict4 ,*ris4 ,biog41 ,,iv1 #fha4 #afjg ,ir5aeus1 ,aga9/ ,h]esies1 ,i1 #bc4 #afjh ,homilies1 ,,xviii1 #a-4 #afji ,epiphanius1 ,pan>ion1 ,a-,b-,,xxi2 ,petavius1 #ee-fj2 ,d9dorf1 ,,ii1 #f-ab4 #afaj ,fir/ ,apology1 cap4 #bf4 #afaa ,ir5aeus & ,epiphanius z cit$ above2 also ,hippolytus1 ,philosophum5a1 ,,vi1 #b-ae2 ,x1 #h4 #afab ,see1 = example1 ,ir5aeus1 ,aga9/ ,h]esies1 ,i1 i1 #c1 :]e we are told among o!r ?+s t ! disciples ( ! ,gno/ic ,val5t9us affirm t ! numb] ( ^! aeons is signifi$ by ! ?irty ye>s ( ,*ri/'s life :i* elaps$ be=e ,he began ,8 public m9i/ry4 #afac ,homilies1 ,,ii1 #bc-be2 ,recognitions1 ,,ii1 #h-i4 #afad ,homilies1 ,,ii1 #be4 #afae ,reply to ,celsus1 ,i1 #eg1 & ,,vi1 #aa4 #afaf ,ir5aeus1 ,aga9/ ,h]esies1 ,i1 #cj4 #afag ,g4 ,p>!y1 ,zwei grie*4 ,zaub]papyri des ,b]l9] ,museums1 #ahfj1 p4 #abh2 ,c4 ,wessely1 ,grie*4 ,zaub]papyrus von ,p>is und ,london1 #ahhh1 p4 #aae2 ,f4 ,g4 ,k5yon1 ,greek ,papyri 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 #ahic1 p4 #dfi;ff4 #afah ,josephus1 ,antiquities1 ,i1 ii1 #c4 #afai ,r4 ,wns*1 ,se?ianis*e ,v]flu*ung/afeln aus ,rom1 ,leipzig1 #ahih4 #afbj ,e4 ,preus*51 ,die apocryph4 gno/4 ,adams*rift1 #aijj4 ,me*it>i/ collection ( ,old ,te/am5t ,apocrypha1 ,v5ice1 #ahif4 #afba ,! diagram is describ$ 9 ! ,reply to ,celsus1 ,,vi1 #bd-ch2 9 ! foll[+ description ,i h some:at alt]$ ! ord]4 ,an attempt to reproduce ?is diagram w be f\nd 9 ,,ce1 8,gno/icism10 p4 #eig4 #afbb ,reply to ,celsus1 ,,vi1 #bb4 #afbc ,anz4 7#ahig71 p4 #gh4 #afbd ,adv4 ha]41 ,i1 #bc4 #afbe ,wm4 ,h>tel1 ,s4 ,?asci ,caecili ,cypriani ,op]a ,omnia1 ,p>s ,,iii1 ,op]a ,spuria 7#ahgj71 p4 #ij1 ,de rebaptismate1 cap4 #af1 8quod si aliquo lusu p]petr>i pote/1 sicut adfirmantur pl]ique huiusmodi lusus ,anaxilai esse1 sive naturale quid e/ quo pacto possit hoc cont+]e1 sive illi putant hoc se conspic]e1 sive maligni opus et magicum virus ignem pote/ 9 aqua exprim]e40 #afbf ,contra ha]eses1 ,,ii1 #b4 #afbg ,pi/is-,sophia1 ed4 ,s*w>tze & ,pet]mann 7#ahea71 pp4 #chf-g2 ed4 ,mead 7#ahif71 p4 #cij4 #afbh ,ir5aeus1 ,aga9/ ,h]esies1 ,i1 #ac1 et seq42 ,hippolytus1 ,philosophum5a1 ,,vi1 #cd1 et seq42 ,epiphanius1 ,pan>ion1 ed4 ,d9dorf1 ,,ii1 #bag1 et seq4 7ed4 ,petav41 #bcb1 et seq474 ,conc]n+ ,m>cus see fur!r ,t]tullian1 ,de praescript41 ,l2 ,!odoret1 ,ha]et4 ,fab41 ,i1 #i2 ,j]ome1 ,epi/41 #bi2 ,augu/9e1 ,ha]41 xiv4 8,d'aprs ,reuv5s10 says ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 p4 #eg1 8le papyrus no #ge de ,leide r5f]me un mlange de recettes magiques1 al*imiques1 et d'ides gno/iques2 ces d]nires empruntes aux doctr9es de ,m>cus40 #afbi ,hippolytus1 ,philosophum5a1 ,,vi1 preface2 ,i1 #b2 & ,,iv1 #dc-d4 #afcj ,c5sor9us1 ,de die natali1 caps4 #g & #ad4 #afca ,ar5dz51 ,gno/icism1 9 ,,ce4 #afcb ,ruelle et ,poire1 ,le *ant gno/ico-magique1 ,solesmes1 #aija4 #afcc ,ir5aeus1 ,i1 #be2 ,hippolytus1 ,,vii1 #bj2 ,epiphanius1 ed4 ,d9dorf1 ,,ii1 #fd4 #afcd ,ir5aeus1 ,i1 #bd2 ,epiphanius1 ed4 ,d9dorf1 ,,ii1 #bg-h4 #afce ,hippolytus1 ,,vii1 #ad-ae4 #afcf ,! m correct title = ! ,philosophum5a1 see ,,ix1 #h-ab4 #afcg ,d9dorf1 ,,ii1 #aji-aj1 #ejg-i4 #afch ,a4 ,m]x1 ,b>desanes d] letzte ,gno/ik]1 ,j5a1 #ahfd4 ,f4 ,haase1 ,zur b>desanis*5 ,gnosis1 ,leipzig1 #aiaj1 9 ,,tu1 ,,xxiv1 #d4 #afci ,engli% translation 9 ,,an1 ,,viii1 #gbc-cd4 #afdj ,recognitions1 ,,ix1 #ag & #ai-bi4 #afda ,engli% translations by ,a4 ,a4 ,bevan1 #ahig2 ,f4 ,c4 ,burkett1 #ahii2 ,g4 ,r4 ,s4 ,mead1 #aijf4 #afdb ,f4 ,nau1 ,une biographie 9dite de ,b>desane l'a/rologue1 #ahig4 #afdc ed4 ,coptic & ,lat9 by ,m4 ,g4 ,s*w>tze & ,j4 ,h4 ,pet]mann1 #ahea2 ,fr5* translation by ,e4 ,aml9eau1 #ahie2 ,engli% by ,g4 ,r4 ,s4 ,mead1 #ahif2 ,g]man by ,c4 ,s*midt1 #aije4 ,! ,coptic text is ?ickly int]sp]s$ ) ,greek words & phrases4 ,9 ! same manuscript occurs ! ,book ( ! ,savi\r ( :i* we %all also treat4 #afdd ,pi/is-,sophia1 #be-f4 #afde ,ibid41 #ccf-ej4 #afdf ,ibid41 #cee1 et seq4 #afdg ,ibid41 #chi-ij4 #afdh ,ibid41 #bee & #beh4 #afdi ,pi/is-,sophia1 #bi-cj4 #afej ,ibid41 #cai-ce4 #afea ,ibid41 #ceg-h1 #cge-f4 #afeb ,c>l ,s*midt1 ,gno/is*e ,s*rifte 9 koptis*] ,spra*e aus dem codex ,brucianus1 #ahib1 #fib pp41 9 ,,tu1 ,,viii1 #b1 ) ,g]man translation ( ! ,coptic text at pp4 #adb-bbc4 ,portions h be5 translat$ into ,engli% by ,g4 ,r4 ,s4 ,mead1 ,fragm5ts ( a ,fai? ,=gott51 #aijj4 #afec ,pi/is-,sophia1 #bje-ae4 #afed ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 ,! ,gno/ics & _! ,rema9s1 #ahhg1 pp4 xvi-xviii1 #bae-h4 ,also 8 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 ( ,preci\s ,/ones & ,gems1 ,london1 #ahfe4 #afee ,a4 ,b4 ,cook1 ,zeus1 p4 #bce1 cit+ ,j4 ,spon1 ,miscellanea eruditae antiquitatis1 ,lyons1 #afhe1 p4 #big4 #afef ,reitz5/e91 ,poim&res1 pp4 #aaa-c4 ,on ! planets 9 lat] m$ieval art see ,fu*s1 ,die ,ikonographie d] #g ,planet5 9 d] ,kun/ ,itali5s bis zum ,ausgange des ,mittelalt]s1 ,muni*1 #aiji4 #afeg ,e4 ,s4 ,b\*i]1 ,spa9 "u ! ,roman ,empire1 p4 #abe4 #afeh ,h]mann ,gollancz1 ,selection ( ,*>ms f ,syriac ,manuscripts1 #ahih2 also pp4 #gg-ig 9 ,acts ( ,int]national ,congress ( ,ori5tali/s1 ,sept41 #ahig2 ,syriac text & ,engli% translation4 #afei ,9 #ahhe-ahhf elev5 tracts by ,priscillian 7 discov]$ by ,g4 ,s*epss 9 a ,wrzburg ,,ms4 ,!y %$1 h[ev]1 little light ^u ! "q :e!r he 0 addict$ to magic4 ,!y h be5 publi%$ 9 ,priscilliani quae sup]sunt1 etc41 ed4 ,g4 ,s*epss1 #ahhi1 9 ,,csel1 ,,xviii4 ,see also ,e4 ,*4 ,babut1 ,priscilli5 et la ,priscilli5isme1 ,p>is1 #aiji 7,bibl4 d4 l'cole d4 ,hautes tudes1 ,fasc4 #afi71 :i* sup]s$es ! e>li] works ( ,p>et1 #ahia2 ,di]i*1 #ahig2 & ,edl+1 #aijb4 #affj ,sulpicii ,sev]i ,hi/oria ,sacra1 ,,ii1 #df-ea 7,migne1 ,,pl1 ,,xx1 #aee1 et seq47 ,s4 ,isidori ,hispal5sis ,episcopi1 ,de viris illu/ribus1 ,cap4 #ae 7,migne1 ,,pl1 ,,lxxxiii1 #ajib74 #affa ,real5cyklopdie fr prote/antis*e ,!ologie1 ,,xvi1 #fc4 #affb ,my foll[+ /atem5ts 9 ! text are bas$ ^u ,e4 ,*avannes et ,p4 ,pelliot1 ,un trait mani*en retr\v en ,*9e1 #aiac1--!y date ! ,*9ese translation ab\t #ijj ,a4 ,d4 & ! ,,ms ( x )9 a c5tury lat]2 ,w4 ,radl(f1 ,*ua/uanift1 ,das ,bussgebet d] ,mani*er1 ,petrograd1 #aiji2 ,a4 v4 ,le ,coq1 ,*ua/uanift1 e9 ,snd5bek5ntnis d] ,mani*is*5 ,auditores1 ,b]l91 #aiaa4 ,!re are fur!r publications on ! subject4 #affc ,! foll[+ details are drawn f ! articles on ! ,m&aeans 9 ,,eb1 #aa? edition1 by ,k4 ,kessl] & ,g4 ,w4 ,?at*]1 & 9 ,,ere by ,w4 ,br&t1 au?or ( ,m&is*e ,religion1 #ahhi1 & ,m&is*e ,s*rift51 #ahic1 & f ,anz 7#ahig71 pp4 #gj-h4 ,fur!r bibliography w be f\nd 9 ^! ref]5ces4 #affd ,! numb] five also appe>s 9 ! ,pi/is-,sophia & o!r ,gno/ic lit]ature4 #affe ,h4 ,pognon1 ,une ,incantation contre les gnies malfaisants en ,m&ite1 #ahic2 ,inscriptions m&ates des c\pes de ,khonabir1 #ahig-ahii4 ,m4 ,lidzb>ski1 ,m&is*e ,zaub]texte1 9 ,ephem]is f4 semit4 ,epig41 ,i 7#aijb71 #hi-ajf4 ,j4 ,a4 ,montgom]y1 ,aramaic ,incantation ,texts f ,nippur1 #aiac4 #afff ,g5esis ,,xliv1 #e1 & ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz] 7#aiah71 ,,ii1 #dbf-cd4 #affg ,9 ! apocryphal ,protevangelium ( ,james1 cap4 #af1 bo? ,joseph & ,m>y und]go ! te/4 #affh ,joa*im consults ! plate 9 ! ,protevangelium1 cap4 #e4 #affi ,see ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 ,folk-,lore 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 #aiah1 #c vols41 & also 8 o!r works2 = in/ance1 ,! ,magic ,art1 #aiaa1 ,i1 #beh1 = ! conte/ 9 magic ra9-mak+ betwe5 ,elijah & ! prie/s ( ,baal 9 ,fir/ ,k+s1 ,*apt] ,,xviii1 :ile ,i d n und]/& :y ,jo%ua is n m5tion$ 9 connection ) 8,! magical control ( ! sun10 ,ibid41 ,i1 #caa-ai4 #afgj ,h[ev]1 ! ,apocrypha ( ! ,new ,te/am5t may be read 9 ,engli% translation by ,alex&] ,walk] 9 ,! ,ante-,nic5e ,fa!rs 7,am]ican edition71 ,,viii1 #ceg-eih1 & 9 t by ,hone 9 #ahbj1 :i* has s9ce be5 repr9t$ )\t *ange4 ,x includes only a "p ( ! apocrypha n[ kn[n & pres5ts ^! 9 a bl9d fa%ion )\t explanation4 ,x diff]s f ,tis*5dorf's text ( ! apocryphal gospels 7,evangelia ,apocrypha1 ed4 ,tis*5dorf1 ,lipsiae1 #ahgf7 bo? 9 ! titles ( ! gospels1 ! di/ribution ( ! texts "u ! respective titles1 & ! division into *apt]s4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 sometimes us$ ,hone's word+ 9 mak+ quotations4 ,old] ?an ,tis*5dorf is ,?ilo1 ,codex apocryphus ,novi ,te/am5ti1 ,leipzig1 #ahcb2 ,fabricius1 etc4 #afga ,x is ascrib$ to ! second c5tury bo? by ,tis*5dorf & ,! ,ca?olic ,encyclop$ia 78,apocrypha10 #fjg74 ,!re are pl5ty ( fairly e>ly ,greek ,,mss = x4 #afgb ,! ,greek ,,mss are ( ! #ae? & #af? c5turies2 ,tis*5dorf exam9$ only p>tially a ,lat9 palimpse/ ( x :i* is probably ( ! fif? c5tury4 #afgc ,s argues ,! ,ca?olic ,encyclop$ia1 #fjh2 ,tis*5dorf seems incl9$ to date ! ,gospel ( ,?omas a little lat] ?an t ( ,james1 & to hold t we possess only a fragm5t ( x4 #afgd ,evang4 ,inf4 ,arab41 cap4 #be1 8fecitque dom9us ,iesus plurima 9 ,egypto miracula quae neque 9 evangelio infantiae neque 9 evangelio p]fecto scripta rep]iuntur40 #afge ,tis*5dorf 7#ahgf71 p4 xlviii4 ,z ,i h already intimat$ on o!r occasions1 x seems to me no explanation to call su* /ories 8ori5tal40 ,*ri/ianity 0 an ori5tal religion to beg9 )4 ,moreov]1 z our :ole inve/igation goes to %[1 bo? classical antiquity & ! m$ieval we/ 7 ready en\gh bo? to repeat & to inv5t simil> tales4 #afgf ,x may be not$1 h[ev]1 t ! *ief miracles ( ! ,gospels 7 attack$ z 8absurd or unwor?y ( ! p]=m]0 ne>ly two c5turies ago by ,?omas ,wool/on 9 8 ,disc\rses on ! ,miracles ( our ,savi\r1 #agbg-agcj4 ,! words 9 quotation m>ks are f ,j4 ,b4 ,bury's ,hi/ory ( ,fre$om ( ,?\ght1 #aiac1 p4 #adb4 #afgg ,migne1 ,,pl1 #ei1 #afb ff4 ,! li/ 0 reproduc$ ) slight v>iations by ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor 9 ! twelf? c5tury 9 8 ,didascalicon 7,,iv1 #ae71 & 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury by ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais 9 ! ,speculum ,naturale 7,i1 #ad74 #afgh ,tis*5dorf 7#ahgf71 pp4 xxiii-xxiv4 #afgi ,mle 7#aiac71 pp4 #bjg-h4 #afhj ,s9ce writ+ ?is1 ,i f9d t ,mle has be5 impress$ by ! same resemblance4 ,he writes 7#aiac71 p4 #bjg1 8,"s *apt]s 9 ! apocryphal gospels are l ! ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana or ev5 l ,! ,gold5 ,ass1 p]meat$ ) ! belief 9 wit*craft & magic40 ,! resemblance to ,apuleius is also not$ 9 ,,an1 ,,viii1 #cec4 #afha ,tis*5dorf1 ,evang4 ,infantiae ,arabicum1 caps4 #bj-ba4 #afhb ,ibid41 cap4 #ag4 #afhc ,ibid41 cap4 #bj1 8nullum 9 mundo doctum aut magum aut incantatorem omisimus qu9 illum acc]s]emus2 s$ nihil nobis pr(uit40 #afhd ,evang4 ,inf4 ,arab41 cap4 #ce1 8,extemplo exivit ex pu]o illo satanas fugi5s cani rabido similis40 ,! apocryphal gospel adds1 8,?is same boy :o /ruck ,jesus10 i4 e41 :ile he 0 /ill possess$ by ! demon1 8& out ( :om ,satan w5t 9 ! =m ( a dog1 0 ,judas ,isc>iot1 :o betray$ ,him to ! ,jews4 ,& t same side1 on :i* ,judas /ruck him1 ! ,jews pi]c$ ) a lance40 #afhe ,ibid41 cap4 #dd2 ,evang4 ,?omae ,lat41 cap4 #g2 ,ps4 ,mat?41 cap4 #cb4 #afhf ,evang4 ,inf4 ,arab41 cap4 #ae4 #afhg ,ibid41 cap4 #ai1 8qui v5eficio tactus uxore frui non pot]at40 #afhh ,ibid41 cap4 #ad4 #afhi ,ibid41 cap4 #af4 #afij ,see bel[1 *apt] #bd4 #afia ,evang4 ,inf4 ,arab41 caps4 #cc-cd4 #afib ,ibid41 caps4 #aj-aa4 #afic ,ibid41 caps4 #bg-cb4 #afid ,ibid41 cap4 #cj4 #afie ,ibid41 cap4 #bd4 #afif ,ibid41 caps4 #db-dc2 ,ps4 ,mat?41 #da2 ,evang4 ,?om4 ,lat41 #ad4 ,comp>e pp4 #bgi-hj above4 #afig ,evang4 ,inf4 ,arab41 cap4 #cg4 #afih ,ibid41 #ch-ci2 ,ps4 ,mat?41 #cg2 ,evang4 ,?om4 ,lat41 #aa4 #afii ,evang4 ,inf4 ,arab41 cap4 #cf2 ,ps4 ,mat?41 #bg2 ,evang4 ,?om4 ,lat41 #d4 #agjj ,evang4 ,inf4 ,arab41 cap4 #dj4 ,see ,ad-,damr1 translat$ by ,a4 ,s4 ,g4 ,jayak>1 #aijf1 ,i1 #gjc1 = a ,moslem tale ( ,jews :o call$ ,jesus 8! en*ant] ! son ( ! en*antress10 & 7 trans=m$ into pigs4 #agja ,evang4 ,inf4 ,arab41 #df2 ,evang4 ,?om4 ,lat41 #d2 ,ps4 ,mat?41 #bf1 :]e ,m>y aft]w>ds induces ,jesus to re/ore him to life1 & #bh4 #agjb ,evang4 ,inf4 ,arab41 cap4 #dg2 ,evang4 ,?om4 ,lat41 #e2 ,ps4 ,mat?41 #bi4 #agjc ,evang4 ,inf4 ,arab41 cap4 #di2 ,evang4 ,?om4 ,lat41 #ab2 ,ps4 ,mat?41 #ch4 #agjd ,ps4 ,mat?41 caps4 #ce-cf4 #agje ,ibid41 cap4 #bi4 #agjf ,ibid41 cap4 #dj4 #agjg ,lat] ! same gospel 7cap4 #ed7 r inconsi/5tly repres5ts ,jesus z engag$ 9 ! /udy ( law until 8 ?irtie? ye>4 #agjh ,evang4 ,inf4 ,arab41 caps4 #ea-eb4 #agji ,eusebius /ates t he discov]$ ^! lett]s writt5 9 ,syriac 9 ! public records ( ,edessa4 ,hone says t x us$ to be a common practice among ,engli% p to h ! epi/le ascrib$ to ,*ri/ fram$ & place a picture ( ! ,savi\r be=e x4 #agaj ,gospel ( ,nicodemus1 ,i1 #a-b4 #agaa ,,ce1 ,apocrypha1 p4 #faa4 #agab ,greek text 9 ,tis*5dorf1 ,apocalypses ,apocryph41 pp4 #afa-g2 ,engli% translation1 ,! ,ante-,nic5e ,fa!rs1 ,,viii1 #ebf-g4 #agac ,evang4 ,inf4 ,arab41 #g-h4 #agad ,cap4 #ai 7,,an1 ,i1 #eg74 #agae ,ante-,nic5e ,fa!rs1 ,,viii1 #did4 #agaf ,w4 ,anz1 ,zur ,frage na* dem ,ursprung des ,gno/izisnus 7#ahig71 pp4 #cf-da4 ,lipsius et ,bonnet1 ,acta apo/olorum apocrypha1 #ahia-4 #agag ,mle 7#aiac71 #bii4 ,= ! text ( ?is apocryphal "w see ,migne1 ,dictionnaire des ,apocryphes1 ,,ii1 #gei1 et seq41 or m rec5tly1 ,bonnet1 ,acta apo/olorum apocrypha1 #ahih1 ,,ii1 #aea-baf4 #agah ,mle 7#aiac71 #cjj4 ,b "o w\ld ?9k t !y mu/ ne$s be ,byzant9e al*emi/s1 if ! leg5d did n rea* ! we/ until ! sixte5? c5tury4 #agai ,,hl1 ,,xv1 #db4 ,:5 ! gems1 all sma%$ to pieces1 ,he _h m5d$1 !n _! prices ,to ! poor he h&$2 ,q exhau/less 0 8 treasure ,:o f /icks made gold at pleasure1 ,gems f /ones comm&$4 #agbj ,r5 ,basset1 ,les apocryphes ?iopi5s1 ,p>is1 #ahic-ahid1 vol4 iv4 #agba ,see ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,x 7#aheg71 = ! old ,lat9 v]sion2 ! ,greek text is extant only 9 fragm5ts2 ! tradition1 go+ back to ,j]ome1 t !re 0 a ,syriac orig9al is unf\nd$2 ! "w is fir/ cit$ by ,cyril4 #agbb ,! ,e?iopic v]sion1 made f ! ,greek betwe5 ! fif? & sev5? c5turies1 is translat$ by ,basset 7#ahid71 vol4 iii2 & 0 pr9t$ be=e him by ,dillmann1 ,asc5sio ,isaiae ae?iopice et lat9e1 ,leipzig1 #ahgg1 & by ,laur5ce1 ,asc5sio ,isaiae vatis1 opusculum pseudepigraphus1 ,ox=d1 #ahai4 ,see also ,r4 ,h4 ,*>les1 ,asc5sion ( ,isaiah1 #aijj2 repr9t$ #aiag 9 ,oe/]ley & ,box1 ,translations ( ,e>ly ,docum5ts1 ,s]ies ,i1 vol4 #g4 #agbc ,! fragm5ts ( ! ,book ( ,b>u* by ,ju/91 pres]v$ 9 ! ,philosophum5a ( ,hippolytus1 are f an entirely diff]5t ,gno/ic "w4 #agbd ,r4 ,basset1 ,les apocryphes ?iopi5s1 ,p>is1 #ahic-ahid1 vol4 i1 ,le ,livre de ,b>u* et la lg5de de ,jrmie4 #agbe ,text ( ,! ,recognitions 9 ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,i2 ( ,! ,homilies 9 ,,pg1 ,,ii1 or ,p4 de ,lag>de1 ,clem5t9a1 #ahfe4 ,e4 ,c4 ,ri*>dson _h an edition ( ,! ,recognitions 9 prep>ation 9 #ahic1 :5 a li/ ( "s sev5ty ,,mss communicat$ by him 0 publi%$ 9 ,a4 ,h>nack's ,ges*4 d4 alt*r4 ,lit41 ,i1 #bbi-cj1 b x has n yet appe>$4 ,9 quot+ ,! ,recognitions ,i (t5 avail myself ( ! language ( ! ,engli% translation 9 ! ,ante-,nic5e ,fa!rs4 ,s9ce ,a4 ,hilg5feld1 ,die klem5t4 ,rekogn4 u4 ,homili51 #ahdh1 ! ,pseudo-,clem5t9es h provid$ a mu* frequ5t$ field ( rese>* & controv]sy1 ( :i* ! articles 9 ,,ce1 ,,eb1 & ,real5cyklopdie 7#aiac71 ,,xxiii1 #cab-f1 provide fairly rec5t summ>ies f v>y+ ecclesia/ical /&po9ts4 ,= bibliography see pp4 #d-e 9 ! rec5t monograph ( ,w4 ,he9tze1 ,d] ,klem5sroman und se9e grie*is*5 ,quell51 #aiad1 9 ,,tu1 ,,xl1 #b4 ,9 ! same s]ies1 ,,tu1 ,,xxv1 #d1 ,h4 ,waitz1 ,die ,pseudo-,klem5t951 #aijd4 ,conc]n+ ,simon ,magus may be m5tion$3 ,h4 ,s*lurick1 ,de ,simonis ,magi fatis ,romanis2 ,a4 ,hilg5feld1 ,d] ,magi] ,simon1 9 ,zeits*r4 f4 wiss4 ,!ol41 ,,xii 7#ahfi71 #cec ff42 ,g4 ,frommb]g]1 ,de ,simone ,mago1 ,p>s ,i1 ,de orig9e ,pseudo-,clem5t9orum1 ,diss4 inaug41 ,w>saw1 #ahff2 ,g4 ,r4 ,s4 ,mead 7,fell[ ( ! ,!osophical ,society71 ,simon ,magus1 #ahib2 ,h4 ,waitz1 ,simon ,magus 9 d4 alt*r4 ,lit41 9 ,zeits*r4 f4 d4 neute/4 ,wiss41 ,v 7#aijd71 #aba-dc4 #agbf ,,bn1 ,greek1 #icj2 ,ottobon1 #ddc4 #agbg ,isidore1 ,de natura r]um1 caps4 xxxi1 xxxvi1 xxxix-xli 7,,pl1 #hc1 #ajjc-ab74 #agbh ,,pl1 #hc1 #ajjc1 note1 8,sunt haec lib4 ,,viii ,recognitionum s$ app>et ,isidorum alia int]pretatione usum ac dubit>e posse an ea quae circumf]tur ,ruf9i sit40 #agbi ,see ,,cu1 ,tr9ity #ajda1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #g-aje1 8,inc4 prologus 9 librum quem mod]ni it9]>ium beati ,petri vocant40 #agcj ,valois 7#ahhj71 p4 #bjd4 #agca ,,pl1 #ei1 #afb1 8,notitia librorum apocryphorum qui non recipiuntur40 #agcb ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais1 ,speculum naturale1 #adhe1 ,i1 #ad4 #agcc ,,pl1 #agf1 #ghg-h1 ,erudit4 ,didasc41 ,,iv1 #ae4 #agcd 8,it9]>ium nom9e ,petri apo/oli quod appellatur sancti ,clem5tis libri octo apocryphum 7or1 apocryphi740 #agce ,speculum naturale1 ,,xxxii1 #abi1 conc]n+ ! morality ( ! ,s]es4 #agcf ,comp>e ,recognitions1 ,i1 #bg 7,,pg1 ,i1 #abb7 ) ,rabanus1 ,comm5t4 9 ,g5esim1 ,i1 #b 7,,pl1 #ajg1 #dej74 #agcg ,speculum naturale1 ,i1 #g4 ,pet] is repres5t$ z say+1 8,:5 anyone has d]iv$ f div9e ,scripture a s\nd & firm rule ( tru?1 x w n be absurd if to ! ass]tion ( true dogma he jo9s some?+ f ! education & lib]al /udies :i* he may h pursu$ f boyhood4 ,yet s t 9 all po9ts he tea*es :at is true & %uns :at is false & pret5se40 ,?is corresponds to ! close ( ! #dbnd *apt] ( ! t5? book ( ,! ,recognitions4 #agch ,s9ce writ+ ?is ,i le>n t ,pr(essor ,e4 ,c4 ,ri*>dson has exam9$ mo/ ( ! kn[n ,,mss ( ,! ,recognitions & has f\nd !m all to be ! v]sion by ,ruf9us1 except = a few additional *apt]s :i* someone has add$ 9 ! ,fr5* gr\p ( ,,mss1--*apt]s :i* ,ruf9us seems to h omitt$ because !y 7 difficult to translate4 #agci ,he9tze 7#aiad71 #bc1 h[ev]1 argues t ! conclusion ( ,! ,recognitions is dep5d5t ^u ,! ,homilies4 #agdj ,pr(essor ,e4 ,c4 ,ri*>dson1 aft] k9dly read+ ?is *apt] 9 manuscript1 writes me 7,sept4 #e1 #aiba7 t he d\bts if ?is ,syriac ,,ms is correctly describ$ z ?ree books ( ,! ,recognitions & f\r books ( ,! ,homilies1 & t he ?9ks x may repres5t an e>li] =m 9 ! evolution ?an ei!r ( !m4 ,he writes fur!r1 8,i h a /rong notion t a /udy ( ,greek ,,mss ( ! ,epitomes w reveal /ill m v>iant =ms 9 ,greek1 & !re are c]ta9ly o!r ori5tal compilations n yet br\ght into comp>ison ) ! ,greek1 ,lat91 & ,syriac =ms40 #agda ,9 ,! ,homilies x is a trip only f ,alex&ria to ,caes>ea t consumes ?is numb] ( days4 #agdb ,ab\t #cge ,a4 ,d4 ,epiphanius 7,d9dorf1 ,,ii1 #ajg-i7 describes ,! ,circuits 9 su* a way t he might h ei!r ,! ,homilies or ,! ,recognitions 9 m9d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,philocalia1 compos$ ab\t #ceh by ,basil & ,gregory1 cites a passage on a/rology f ! f\rte5? book ( ,! ,circuits :i* is 9 ! t5? book ( ,! ,recognitions & n 9 ,! ,homilies at all4 #agdc ,he9tze 7#aiad71 p4 #aac4 #agdd ,waitz 7#aijd71 pp4 #aea & #bdc4 #agde ,see ,e4 ,c4 ,ri*>dson 9 ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,society ( ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 ,,vi 7#ahid74 #agdf ,nei!r ,philo/ratus nor ,apollonius ( ,tyana is m5tion$1 h[ev]1 9 ! index ( ,w4 ,he9tze's ,d] ,klem5sroman und se9e grie*is*5 ,quell5 7#aiad71 #add pp4 #agdg ,recogs41 ,,vii1 #f4 #agdh ,recogs41 ,i1 #bi2 n m5tion$ 9 ! correspond+ *apt] ( ,! ,homilies1 ,,viii1 #ae4 #agdi ,recogs41 ,,ix1 #ai-bi4 #agej ,recogs41 ,,vii1 #ab4 #agea ,recogs41 ,x1 #ae1 et seq4 #ageb ,recogs41 ,i1 #h2 ,homilies1 ,i1 #aj4 #agec ,extraord9>y1 ( c\rse1 only 9 t s+le animals in/ead ( angels1 z 9 ! ,eno* lit]ature1 are set ov] birds1 bea/s1 s]p5ts1 etc4 #aged ,recogs41 ,i1 #bg & #de4 #agee ,recogs41 ,,vi1 #h4 #agef ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #i1 #bj-bb4 #ageg ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #ae-ag4 #ageh ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #ba4 #agei ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #be-cb4 #agfj ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! apocryphal ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas1 ,,ix1 #i1 x is /at$ t ! weasel conceives ) its m\? & h5ce typifies p]sons ) unclean m\?s4 #agfa ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #g4 #agfb ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #ca4 #agfc ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #cj4 #agfd ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #db4 #agfe ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #cd4 #agff ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #dd4 #agfg ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #de4 #agfh ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #df4 #agfi ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #dg4 #aggj ,recogs41 ,v1 #bg4 #agga ,recogs41 ,i1 #bh4 #aggb ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #eg1 8frat] meus ,clem5s tibi dilig5tius respondebit qui pl5ius sci5tiam ma!sis attigit20 ,,ix1 #ah1 8quoniam quidem sci5tia mihi ma!sis nota e/40 #aggc ,recogs41 ,x1 #aa-ab4 #aggd ,recogs41 ,,ix1 #ah4 #agge ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #b4 #aggf ,recogs41 ,i1 #cb4 #aggg ,recogs41 ,i1 #ba1 #dc1 #gb4 #aggh ,recogs41 ,,iv1 #ce4 #aggi ,ir5aeus1 ,i1 #c4 #aghj ,recogs41 ,,iii1 #fh4 #agha ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #bh1 8qui e/ p>vus 9 alio mundus40 #aghb ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #de4 #aghc ,recogs41 ,x1 #ab4 ,9 ,homilies1 ,,xiv1 #e1 ! exi/5ce ( a/rological m$ic9e is impli$ :5 ,pet] promises to cure by pray] to ,god any bodily ill1 ev5 8if x is utt]ly incurable & entirely beyond ! range ( ! m$ical pr(ession--a case1 inde$1 :i* n ev5 ! a/rolog]s pr(ess to cure40 #aghd ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #b4 ,9 ,! ,homilies1 h[ev]1 ,pet] argues t1 ev5 if ,g5esis prevails1 :i* he does n admit1 /ill he c 8wor%ip ,him :o is also ,"l ( ! />s10 & t ! doctr9e ( g5esis is f> m de/ructive to poly!ism & pagan wor%ip4 #aghe ,recogs41 ,,ix1 #af-ag4 #aghf ,recogs41 ,,ix1 #f & #ab4 #aghg ,recogs41 ,,ix1 #cj4 #aghh ,recogs41 ,x1 #aa4 #aghi ,recogs41 ,x1 #ab4 #agij ,recogs41 ,,ix1 #cb-g4 #agia ,recogs41 ,,ix1 #ai1 & ,,viii1 #dh4 #agib ,recogs41 ,x1 #ff4 #agic ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #db4 #agid ,recogs41 ,,iv1 #g4 #agie ,recogs41 ,,ix1 #ch4 #agif ,recogs41 ,,ix1 #f & #ab2 ,,iv1 #ba2 ,v1 #bj & #ca4 #agig ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #ga2 ,,iv1 #af4 #agih ,recogs41 ,,iv1 #cj4 #agii ,recogs41 ,,ix1 #i4 #ahjj ,recogs41 ,,iv1 #cb-cc4 #ahja ,recogs41 ,,iv1 #ba4 #ahjb ,recogs41 ,,iv1 #bf4 #ahjc ,rem9d+ "o ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl9's m successful attempt to 8snat* ! ?und]bolt f heav540 #ahjd ,recogs41 ,,iv1 #bg1 & ,i1 #cj4 #ahje ,recogs41 ,,iv1 #bi4 #ahjf ,d9dorf1 ,i1 #bhb1 #bhf-g4 #ahjg ,recogs41 ,x1 #ee2 ,,iii1 #fd4 #ahjh ,recogs41 ,i1 #gj4 #ahji ,recogs41 ,i1 #db & #eh2 ,,iii1 #ab1 #dg1 & #gc2 ,x1 #ed4 #ahaj ,recogs41 ,i1 #gb4 #ahaa ,recogs41 ,x1 #bb & #be4 #ahab ,b by no means always 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian writ+s3 ?us ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7c#aej-;c#bbj7 9 ! ,/romata1 ,,ii1 #a1 ass]ts t ! ,greeks eulogize 8a/rology & ma!matics & magic & sorc]y0 z ! highe/ sci5ces4 #ahac ,9 contra/ to ,lucian's ,m5ippus or ,necromancy1 9 :i* ! ,cynic philosoph] ,m5ippus resorts to a ,magus at ,babylon 9 ord] to ga9 entrance to ! l[] _w & "q ,teiresias4 ,necromancy is giv5 z a pro( ( ! immortality ( ! s\l 9 ,ju/9's ,fir/ ,apology1 cap4 #ah1 :]e we read1 8,= let ev5 necromancy1 & ! div9ations y practise by means ( immaculate *ildr51 & ! evok+ ( dep>t$ human s\ls 444 let ^! p]suade y t ev5 aft] dea? s\ls are 9 a /ate ( s5sation40 #ahad ,recogs41 ,i1 #e4 #ahae ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #i4 #ahaf ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #ae4 #ahag ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #f4 #ahah ,recogs41 ,,iii1 #eg4 #ahai ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #aa4 #ahbj ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #ab4 #ahba ,recogs41 ,x1 #ec1 et seq4 #ahbb ,recogs41 ,,iii1 #eg-fj2 ,x1 #ff4 #ahbc ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #ec4 #ahbd ,recogs41 ,,viii1 #fj4 #ahbe ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #e4 #ahbf ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #aj4 #ahbg ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #af1 & ,,iii1 #di4 #ahbh ,simil>ly1 9 a passage conta9$ only 9 ,! ,homilies1 ,v1 #e1 ,appion1 recomm5d+ to ,clem5t a love incantation :i* he _h le>n$ f an ,egyptian :o 0 well v]s$ 9 magic1 expla9s t demons obey ! magician :5 invok$ by ! names ( sup]ior angels1 :o 9 _! turn may be adjur$ by ! "n ( ,god4 #ahbi ,conc]n+ ?is boy see ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #ac-ae2 ,,iii1 #dd-de21 ,homilies1 ,,ii1 #be-cj4 #ahcj ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #f2 ,,iii1 #ac4 #ahca ,recogs41 ,,iii1 #gc2 ,x1 #ed4 #ahcb ,recogs41 ,x1 #eh4 #ahcc ,recogs41 ,,iii1 #fc4 #ahcd ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #g4 #ahce ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #e4 #ahcf ,recogs41 ,,ii1 #i1 8,multa et5im iam mihi exp]im5ti causa consummata sunt48 #ahcg ,fir/ ,apology1 caps4 #bf & #ef2 ,dialogue ) ,trypho1 #abj4 #ahch ,adv4 ha]41 ,i1 #bc4 #ahci ,see above1 *apt] #ae1 p4 #cfe4 #ahdj ,t]tullian1 ,de anima1 cap4 #eg1 9 ,,pl1 ,,ii1 #gid2 ,de idolatria1 cap4 #i4 #ahda ,philosophum5a1 ,,vi1 #b-ae4 #ahdb ,f4 ,x4 ,funk1 ,didascalia et ,con/itutiones ,apo/olorum1 #aije1 ,i1 #cbj-a4 #ahdc 4 #ahdd 8 444 9 una die proc$5s vidi illum p] a]a volantem et f]ebatur4 ,et subsi/5s dixi3 ,9 virtute sancti nom9is ,iesu excido virtutes tuas4 ,et sic ru5s femur p$is sui fregit40 #ahde ,arnobius1 ,adv]sus g5tes1 ,,ii1 #ab4 #ahdf ,cyril1 ,ca!*esis1 ,,vi1 #ae1 9 ,,pg #cc1 #efd4 #ahdg ,fila/rii div]s>um h]eseon lib]1 cap4 #bc1 ed4 ,f4 ,m>x1 #ahih1 9 ,,csel2 also 9 ,,pl1 vol4 #ab4 #ahdh ,sulpicius ,sev]us1 #cfc-dbj1 ,*ron41 ,,ii1 #bh1 & ,!odoret1 c#chf-def1 ,ha]etic>um fabul>um comp5dium1 ,i1 #a 7,,pg #hc1 #cdd7 h no?+ new to say4 #ahdi ,,an1 ,,viii1 #fgc-e4 #ahej ,ibid41 #dgg-he2 ,greek text 9 ,tis*5dorf1 ,acta ,apo/olorum ,apocrypha1 #ahea1 pp4 #a-ci4 ,! ,greek s*ol>1 ,con/ant9e ,lasc>is1 translat$ "p ( ! "w into ,lat9 9 #adij4 #ahea ,mead 7#ahib71 p4 #cg1 notes t ,dr4 ,salmon 7article ,simon ,magus 9 ,dict4 ,*ris4 ,biog4 ,,iv1 #fhf7 8connects ?is ) ! /ory1 told by ,suetonius & ,dio ,*ryso/om1 t ,n]o caus$ a wood5 !at] to be erect$ 9 ! ,campus1 & t a gymna/ :o tri$ to play ! "p ( ,ic>us fell s ne> ! emp]or z to bespatt] him ) blood40 ,hegesippus 7,de bello judaico1 ,,iii1 #b71 ,abdias 7,hi/4 #a71 & ,maximus ,taur95sis 7,patr4 ,,vi1 ,synodi ad ,imp4 ,con/4 ,act4 #ah7 comp>e ,simon's flight ) t ( ,ic>us4 #aheb ,tis*5dorf 7#ahea71 p4 xix4 #ahec 8,de mirificis rebus et actibus beatorum ,petri et ,pauli1 et de magicis artibus ,simonis30 ,fabricius1 ,cod4 apocr41 ,,iii1 #fcb2 ,flor5t9us1 ,m>tyrologium ,hi]onymi1 #ajc4 #ahed ,a slightly diff]5t v]sion ( ! dog incid5t is f\nd 9 ! ,acts ( ,n]eus & ,a*illes 7,,z1 ,may ,,iii1 #i74 #ahee ,hegesippus1 ,,iii1 #b ed4 ,c4 ,f4 ,web] & ,j4 ,caes>1 ,m>burg1 #ahfd1 8et /atim 9 voce ,petri implicatis remigiis al>um quas sums]at corruit1 nec exanimatus e/1 s$ fracto debilitatus crure ,ariciam concessit atque ibi mortuus e/40 ,i e>ne/ly recomm5d ?is passage to ^? :o delight 9 f9d+ anci5t precursors ( mod]n inv5tions z an example ( rem>kable insight into ! effect ( air-waves ^u delicate me*anisms4 #ahef ed4 ,fabricius1 ,cod4 apocr41 ,i1 #daa2 ,,z1 ,june ,v1 #dbd4 #aheg ,biblio?4 ,patrum1 ,cologne1 #afah1 ,i1 #gj4 #aheh ,pr9t$ ,,pl1 #ci1 #baba-b1 among ! works ( ,augu/9e1 ,s]mones ,supposititi1 ,,ccii4 ,! great] numb] ( ,,mss assign x to ,maximus4 #ahei ,mle1 ,religi\s ,art 9 ,france1 #aiac1 p4 #big1 notes #c & #d2 p4 #bih1 note #a4 #ahfj ,! two repres5tations are ess5tially id5tical4 ,simon falls head fir/1 & ! accompany+ leg5d reads1 8,hic praecepto ,petri oratione ,pauli ,simon ,magus cecidit 9 t]ram10--8,"h at ,pet]'s comm& & ,paul's pray] ,simon ,magus falls to e>?40 #ahfa ,greek & ,lat9 text 9 p>allel columns 9 ,,z1 ,sept4 ,,vii 7#ahfg71 pp4 #bjd;ff4 ,= an acc\nt ( previ\s editions see ,ibid41 p4 #ahb4 ,bi%op ,john ,fell publi%$ a ,lat9 text f ?ree ,ox=d ,,mss4 ,9 ,digby #cj1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #bi-1 :i* ,i h exam9$1 ! word+ diff]$ consid]ably f t ( ! ,lat9 text 9 ,,z4 ,! brief ,m>tyrium ( ,cyprian & ,ju/9a foll[s 9 ! same volume ( ,,z at pp4 #bbd-f4 ,sahidis*e ,bru*/cke d] ,leg5de von ,cyprian von ,antio*51 ed4 ,o4 v4 ,lamm1 #ahii1 ,e?iopic1 ,greek1 & ,g]man1 9 ,petrograd ,acad4 ,sci5t4 ,imp]4 ,mmoires1 ,,viii srie1 ,cl4 hi/4 philol41 ,,iv1 #f4 1 ) an ,arabic v]sion1 ed4 ,m>g>et ,d4 ,gibson1 #aija1 9 ,/udia ,s9aitica1 ,no4 #h4 #ahfb ,ibid41 p4 #ahj1 8ipsa ,s4 ,cypriana nom9e vulgata ,confessio quam ante ,con/ant9i aetatem scriptam esse critici plurimi etiam rigidiores fat5tur40 #ahfc ,ibid41 p4 #bje1 8et initiatus sum sonis s]monum ac /repitum n>rationibus40 ,l4 ,prell] 9 ,philologus1 ,i 7#ahdf71 #cdi;ff41 & ,a4 ,b4 ,cook1 ,zeus1 #aaj-a1 sugge/ t ^! rites on ,m\nt ,olympus 7 ,orphic4 #ahfd 8,et aliorum insidiantium decipi5tium p]misc5tium44440 #ahfe ,%elley1 x may be recall$1 9 #ahbb translat$ "s sc5es1 publi%$ 9 #ahbd1 f ,cald]n's ,magico ,prodigioso1 9 :i* ,cyprian1 ,ju/9a1 & ! demon figure4 #ahff ,b\*i]1 ,syria z a ,roman ,prov9ce1 p4 #bcg4 #ahfg ,b\*i]1 ,spa9 ,"u ! ,roman ,empire1 p4 #abc1 cit+ ,,z1 ,july #ai4 #ahfh ,epiphanius1 ,pan>ion1 ed4 ,d9dorf1 ,,ii1 #ig-ajd2 ed4 ,petavius1 #aca;,a-#acg;,c4 #ahfi ,idem4 ,! attempt to bewit* ! furnaces rem9ds "o ( ! f\rte5? ,hom]ic epigram1 9 :i* ! b>d ?reat5s to curse ! pott]s' furnaces if !y d n pay him = 8 song1 & to summon 8! de/roy]s ( furnaces10--' 1--words usually int]pret$ z names = mis*iev\s ,pucks & brawl+ gobl9s :o sma% pott]y4 ,b ! two middle names sugge/ ! /ones1 sm>agdus or em]ald1 & asbe/os4 ,! poet also invokes 8,circe ( _m drugs0 to ca/ injuri\s spells1 & appeals to ,*iron to complete ! "w ( de/ruction4 ,he fur!r prays t ! face ( any pott] :o pe]s into ! furnace may be burn$4 ,?is epigram is probably ( late date4 ,see ,a4 ,abel1 ,hom]i ,hymni1 ,epigrammata1 ,batra*omyoma*ia1 ,lipsiae1 #ahhf1 pp4 #abc-d4 #ahgj ,mle1 ,religi\s ,art 9 ,france1 #aiac1 pp4 #cjd-f4 #ahga ,mle 7#aiac71 p4 #cjf4 #ahgb ,ibid41 p4 #cjg4 #ahgc ,greek text 9 ,migne ,,pg1 ,vol4 ,,xi4 ,engli% translation 9 ! ,ante-,nic5e ,fa!rs1 ( :i* ,i g5]ally make use 9 quotations f ! "w4 ,on ! ,,mss ( ! ,aga9/ ,celsus see ,paul ,koets*au1 ,die ,textb]lief]ung d] ,b*] des ,orig5es geg5 ,celsus 9 d5 ,h&s*rift5 dieses ,w]kes und d] ,philokalia4 ,prolegom5a zu e9] kritis*5 ,ausgabe1 #ahhi1 #aeg pp41 7,,tu1 ,,vi1 #a74 #ahgd ,i1 #ga2 also ,,ii1 #cb4 #ahge ,i1 #ch2 also ,,viii1 #i2 ,,ii1 #dh4 #ahgf ,i1 #fh2 ,,iii1 #eb4 #ahgg ,,ii1 #di4 #ahgh ,,vii1 #cf4 #ahgi ,i1 #f4 #ahhj ,,vi1 #dj4 #ahha ,v1 #ea4 #ahhb ,i1 #bf4 #ahhc ,,iv1 #cc4 #ahhd ,v1 #f4 #ahhe ,v1 #i4 #ahhf ,,vii1 #i4 #ahhg ,,vii1 #aa4 #ahhh ,,vii1 #c4 #ahhi ,,iii1 #a4 #ahij ,,iii1 #e4 #ahia ,,iii1 #df2 ,,iv1 #ea4 #ahib ,i1 #bh4 #ahic ,i1 #ch4 #ahid ,i1 #fj4 #ahie ,i1 #ch4 #ahif ,,ii1 #di4 #ahig ,,ii1 #ea4 #ahih ,i1 #fh4 #ahii ,,vii1 #be4 #aijj ,v1 #db4 #aija ,i1 #fh4 #aijb ,,vi1 #da4 #aijc ,,iii1 #eb4 #aijd ,see cap4 #ba4 #aije ,khn1 ,,xix1 #dh 7de libris propriis74 4 #aijf ,,vi1 #ci4 #aijg ,,iv1 #hf4 #aijh ,,vii1 #fg4 #aiji ,,vi1 #ci4 #aiaj ,,vi1 #dj4 #aiaa ,,vii1 #c & #ce4 #aiab ,ps4 ,,xcvi1 #e4 #aiac ,,vii1 #fi4 #aiad ,v1 #db4 #aiae ,,ii1 #ea4 ,see also ,v1 #ch2 ,,vi1 #de2 ,,vii1 #fi2 ,,viii1 #ei2 ,i1 #fj4 #aiaf ,see ,,vii1 #fg1 8demons 444 & _! sev]al op]ations1 :e!r l$ on to !m by ! conjurations ( ^? :o are skill$ 9 ! art1 or urg$ on by _! own incl9ations44440 ,also ,,vii1 #e1 8^? spirits t are atta*$ = entire ages1 z ,i may say1 to p>ticul> dwell+s & places1 :e!r by a sort ( magical =ce or by _! own natural incl9ations40 ,also ,,vii1 #fd1 8444 ! demons *oose c]ta9 =ms & places1 :e!r because !y are deta9$ !re by virtue ( c]ta9 *>ms1 or because = "s o!r possible reason !y h select$ ^? haunts44440 #aiag ,,vii1 #d4 4 #aiah ,v1 #ch4 #aiai ,,viii1 #fa4 #aibj ,,vi1 #hj4 #aiba ,i1 #eh4 #aibb ,i1 #fj4 #aibc ,i1 #eh4 ,! ,magi _h be5 confus$ ) ! ,*aldeans sev]al c5turies be=e by ,ctesias 9 8 ,p]sica1 cap4 #ae2 see ,d4 ,f4 ,mnt]1 ,d] ,/]n d] ,weis53 ,unt]su*ung5 b] das ,geburtsjahr ,*ri/i1 ,kop5hag5 7#ahbg71 p4 #ad4 #aibd ,balaam himself 0 some?+ ( an a/rolog] accord+ to ,mnt]1 ,d] ,/]n d] ,weis51 #ahbg1 p4 #ca4 8,die sieb5 ,altre die d] moabitis*e ,seh] ,bileam an v]s*i$55 ,ort5 erri*tete 7,,iv ,b4 ,mose1 ,,xxiii7 w>5 gewiss d5 sieb5 ,planetfr/5 gewidmet40 #aibe ,numb]s1 ,,xxiv1 #ag4 #aibf ,simil>ly an ,engli% v]sion 79 an ,ox=d ,,ms ( ! e>ly #ae? c5tury1 ,laud ,misc41 #feh7 ( ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,?ree ,k+s ( ,cologne1 or m$ieval acc\nt ( ! translation ( ! relics ( ! ,magi1 9 =ty-"o *apt]s ) a preface1 op5s its fir/ *apt] ) ! words1 8,! mat] ( ^! ?ree wor%ipful & blissid k+is tok5 ! begynnyng ( ! prophecye ( ,balaam40 #aibg ,9 ,num]os ,homilia ,,xiii1 9 ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,xii1 #fge4 #aibh ,9 ,num]os ,homilia ,,xv1 col4 #fhi4 #aibi ,9 ,g5esim ,homilia ,,xiv1 #c1 9 ,,pg1 ,,xii1 #bch4 #aicj ,orig5is 9 ,num]os ,homiliae1 ,prologus ,ruf9i ,int]pretis ad ,ursacium4 ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,xii1 #ehc-hf4 #aica ,orig5is 9 ,num]os ,homilia ,,xiii1 ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,xii1 #fgj-fgg4 ,9 at lea/ "o m$ieval manuscript we f9d ! homily ^u ,balaam pres]v$ sep>ately1 ,,bn #accej1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #ibv1 et omeliae de ,balaham et ,bala*4 #aicb ,w4 ,h4 ,b5nett1 ,balaam1 9 ,,eb1 #aa? edition4 #aicc ,"o _c help wond]+ :e!r ,ph>aoh's magicians lo/ _! rods = good z a result ( ?is manuvre1 b x is a po9t ^u :i* ! ,scriptural n>rative fails to enlight5 u4 #aicd ,,ii1 #ae-af4 #aice ,antiq41 ,,iv1 #f4 #aicf ,johannis ,hilde%em5sis1 ,lib] de trium regum translatione1 #adgh1 cap4 #b4 #aicg ,e4 ,w4 ,h5g/5b]g1 ,die ,ges*i*te ,bileams und se9e ,weissagung51 ,b]l91 #ahdb4 ,h5g/5b]g tri$ to take middle gr\nd betwe5 ,philo ,judaeus1 ,ambrose1 ,augu/9e1 ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 ,!odoret1 & o!rs :o reg>d$ ,balaam z a godless false prophet & magician1 & ! contr>y op9ion ( ,t]tullian1 ,j]ome1 & "s mod]ns :o hold t ,balaam 0 orig9ally a dev\t man & true prophet :o fell ?r\gh 8 covet\sness4 #aich 8,et ideo quasi exp]tus 9 talibus 9 op9ione erat omnibus qui erant 9 ,ori5te 444 ,c]tus ergo ,bala* de hoc et frequ5t] exp]tus40 #aici ,9 ,homily ,,xiv4 #aidj ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,xii1 #ajaa-bh4 #aida ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz] 7#aiah71 ,,ii1 #ebb1 note1 h[ev]1 says ( ,i4 ,samuel1 ,,xxviii1 #ab3 8,x seems t we mu/ read1 #8,& :5 ! woman saw ,saul1' ) six manuscripts ( ! ,septuag9t & "s mod]n critics1 in/ead (1 #8,& :5 ! woman saw ,samuel4'0 #aidb ,,vi1 #da4 #aidc ,v1 #dh4 #aidd ,i1 #cj4 #aide ,,ii1 #cd4 #aidf ,,iv1 #cc1 & ,i1 #bb4 #aidg ,,iv1 #cc4 ,on ! use ( my/ic names ( ,god among ! ,jews ( ?is p]iod & 8! new & greatly develop$ angelology t fl\ri%$ at t "t 9 ,egypt & ,pale/9e0 see ! ,introduction to ,m4 ,ga/]'s edition ( ,! ,sword ( ,moses1 #ahif1--;a book ( magic f\nd 9 a #ac-ad? c5tury ,hebrew ,,ms1 b :i* is m5tion$ 9 ! #aa? c5tury & :i* he w\ld trace back to anci5t times4 #aidh ,i1 #f4 ,x also1 h[ev]1 sugge/s ! efficacy ascrib$ by ! ,m&aeans to ! repetition ( passages f _! sacr$ books4 #aidi ,,ii1 #di4 #aiej ,i1 #be2 ,v1 #de4 #aiea ,v1 #de4 #aieb ,i1 #bd4 #aiec ,,iv1 #cc2 ,i1 #bb1 etc4 #aied ,9 ,ma?4 ,,xxvi1 #bc 7,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,xiii1 #ageg74 #aiee ,see p4 #cff 9 ,*apt] ,,xv on ,gno/icism4 #aief ,v1 #be4 #aieg ,,viii1 #bh4 #aieh ,,viii1 #eh4 #aiei ,,viii1 #fj4 #aifj ,,viii1 #fc4 #aifa ,,vii1 #fh4 #aifb ,,vii1 #fi4 #aifc ,,viii1 #ei4 #aifd ,v1 #bh4 #aife ,v1 #bi2 see ,deut4 xxxii1 #h4 #aiff ,v1 #cj4 #aifg ,v1 #cb4 #aifh ,,viii1 #ca4 #aifi ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,xii1 #fhj4 #aigj ,,iii1 #ab4 #aiga ,i1 #h4 #aigb ,v1 #ed2 see ,book ( ,eno*1 ,,xl1 #i4 #aigc ,mat!w1 ,,xviii1 #aj4 #aigd ,,vii1 #e4 #aige ,v1 #f-i4 #aigf ,v1 #f4 #aigg ,,iv1 #fg2 ,v1 #bj-ba4 #aigh ,,vi1 #hj4 #aigi ,duhem 7#aiac-aiag7 ,,ii1 #ddg1 treats ( 8,les ,pres de l'glise et la ,gr&e ,anne40 #aihj ,v1 #aa4 #aiha ,de pr9cipiis1 ,i1 #g4 #aihb ,v1 #aj4 #aihc ,deut41 ,,iv1 #ai-bj4 #aihd ,v1 #ab4 #aihe ,i1 #ei4 #aihf ,v1 #aa4 #aihg ,p4 ,d4 ,huet1 ,orig5ianorum ,lib4 ,,ii1 ,cap4 ,,ii1 ,quae/io ,,viii1 ,de a/ris1 9 ,migne1 ,patrologia ,graeca1 ,,xvii1 #igc1 et seq4 #aihh ,,xvii1 #bh4 #aihi 8,9 prooemio libri prioris eiusdem 1 num4 #aj40 #aiij ,eusebius1 ,praep4 ,evang41 ,,vi1 #aa1 9 ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,xxi1 #dgg-ejf4 #aiia ,,pg1 ,,xxi1 #dhi4 #aiib ,ibid41 #eja-ejb4 #aiic ,p4 ,d4 ,huet1 ,orig5ianorum ,lib41 ,,ii1 ii1 v4 #aj1 cites ,basil1 ,homil4 #c 9 ,hexaem42 ,epiphanius1 ,ha]41 ,,lxiv1 #d1 & ,epi/4 ad ,joan4 ,j]osolymit41 cap4 #c2 ,j]ome1 ,epi/4 #fa ad ,pamma*41 cap4 #c2 ,gregory ,nyss41 lib4 9 ,hexaem42 ,augu/9e1 ,confess41 ,,xiii1 #ae2 ,isidore1 ,orig941 ,,vii1 #e4 ,see also ,duhem 7#aiac-aiag7 ,,ii1 #dhg1 8,les eaux supracle/es40 #aiid ,,vi1 #ba4 #aiie ,,iv1 #ij-ie4 #aiif ,orig5 quotes1 8,ye %all n practise augury nor obs]ve ! flight ( birds10 :i* is f\nd 9 ! ,septuag9t1 ,levit41 ,,xix1 #bf4 #aiig ,i1 #ff4 #aiih ,i1 #cf4 #aiii ,i1 #cc4 #bjjj ,,iv1 #hf-hh4 #bjja ,,iv1 #ih4 #bjjb ,,iv1 #ic2 x w be recall$ t ! wit*es 9 ,! ,gold5 ,ass ( ,apuleius assume ! bodies ( weasels 9 ord] to rob a corpse4 #bjjc ,i1 #cg4 #bjjd ,,vii1 #cj4 #bjje ,,viii1 #ai-bj4 #bjjf ,homily #ah on ,numb]s1 ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,xii1 #gae4 #bjjg ,epi/ola #if 9 ,migne1 ,,pl1 ,,xxii1 #gh4 #bjjh ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,xvii1 #ajia-ib4 #bjji ,t]tullian1 ,apology1 cap4 #ba2 s also ,cyprian1 ,lib] de idolorum vanitate1 cap4 #ac4 ,lat9 text ( ,t]tullian 9 ,,pl1 vols4 #a-b2 ,engli% translation 9 ,,an1 vol4 #c4 #bjaj ,apology1 cap4 #bc4 #bjaa ,de cultu fem9>um1 ,i1 #b4 #bjab ,apology1 cap4 #bb4 #bjac ,de anima1 cap4 #eg4 #bjad ,apology1 cap4 #bc4 #bjae ,de anima1 cap4 #eg4 ,damig]on is m5tion$ 9 ! ,orphic poem1 ,li?ica1 & 9 ! ,apology ( ,apuleius1 cap4 #de2 is cit$ 9 ! ,geoponica1 & 0 reg>d$ by ,v4 ,rose z ! ,greek s\rce ( ! ,lat9 8,evax0 & ,m>bod on /ones4 ,,bn #gdah1 #ad? c5tury1 ,amig]onis de lapidibus1 0 pr9t$ by ,pitra1 ,spic4 ,solesm41 ,,iii1 #cbd-ce1 & ,abel1 ,orphei ,li?ica1 p4 #aeg1 et seq4 ,see fur!r ,,pw1 8,damig]on40 #bjaf ,presumably ,nectanebus4 #bjag ,x is ,a>on's rod 9 ! ,k+ ,james v]sion4 #bjah ,de idolatria1 cap4 #i4 #bjai ,apology1 cap4 #ce4 #bjbj ,,pl1 vol4 #c2 ,,an1 vol4 #d4 #bjba ,?us ,m9ucius ,felix says1 ,octavius1 cap4 #bf1 8,magi 444 quidquid miraculi ludunt 444 prae/igias edunt10 :ile ,t]tullian1 ,apology1 cap4 #bc1 writes1 8,porro si et magi phantasmata edunt 444 si multa miracula circulatoriis prae/igiis ludunt40 #bjbb ,cyprian1 ,lib] de idolorum vanitate1 caps4 #f-g4 #bjbc ,,pl1 vol4 ,,vi2 ,,an1 vol4 ,,vii2 ! foll[+ ref]5ces are all to ?is "w4 #bjbd ,v1 #c4 #bjbe ,,ii1 #ae4 #bjbf ,,ii1 #ag4 #bjbg ,,iv1 #bg4 #bjbh ,,ii1 #ag4 #bjbi ,! "w 0 discov]$ 9 #ahdb at ,m\nt ,a?os & edit$ by ,e4 ,mill] 9 #ahea1 ,dunck] & ,s*neidew9 9 #ahei1 & ,abb ,cruice 9 #ahfj4 ,greek text 9 ,,pg1 vol4 ,,xvi1 "p #c2 ,engli% translation 9 ,,an1 vol4 ,v4 #bjcj ,r4 ,gans*9ietz1 ,hippolytos' ,capitel geg5 die ,magi]1 #aiac1 9 ,,tu1 #ci1 #b1 is a comm5t>y on ! text4 #bjca ,refutation ( ,all ,h]esies1 ,,iv1 #bh4 #bjcb ,s9ce writ+ ?is s5t5ce ,i h f\nd an article by ,diels on ! discov]y ( alcohol 9 ,societas ,regia ,sci5ti>um1 ,abh&l4 ,philos4-,hi/4 ,classe1 ,b]l91 #aiac1 9 :i* he argues f ?is passage 9 ,hippolytus t ! discov]y 0 made 9 ! ,alex&rian p]iod & t x rea*$ we/]n ,europe aga9 only ?r\gh ! ,arabs ab\t ! twelf? c5tury1 s9ce alcohol is n m5tion$ 9 ! old] ,s*lett/adt v]sion ( ! ,mappae clavicula4 ,if ?is be s1 ,adel>d ( ,ba? 0 p]haps ! fir/ to introduce x f ! ,arabs or ! ori5t1 al?\gh ,diels does n say s4 #bjcc ,refutation ( ,all ,h]esies1 ,,iv1 #bi-da4 #bjcd ,9 "s places ! text is illegible4 #bjce ,cap4 #aje4 #bjcf ,leo ,allatius 89 syntagmate0 ,de enga/rimy?o1 cap4 #g2 ,sulpicius ,sev]us1 ,hi/oria sacra1 lib] ,i2 ,ana/asius ,antio*5us1 1 quae/41 #aab2 8et eorum quos laudat ,bell>m9us lib] ,,iv de ,*ri/o1 cap4 #aa40 #bjcg 1 ,,pg1 ,,xlv1 #ajg-ad4 #bjch ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,xviii1 #fac-gd4 #bjci ,! ,k+ ,james v]sion1 ,fir/ ,samuel1 ,,xxviii1 #ai1 reads1 8& to morr[ %alt ?\ & ?y sons be ) me10 in/ead ( 8?\ & ,jona?an40 #bjdj ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,xii1 #adc-gd4 #bjda ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,lvi1 #fa1 et seq4 #bjdb ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,lvi1 #fcg1 et seq4 ,homily ,,ii1 8,opus imp]fectum 9 ,mat?aeum quod ,*ryso/omi nom9e circumf]tur40 ,ibid41 #fjb1 et seq41 = op9ions ( v>i\s pa/ writ]s z to its au!nticity4 #bjdc ,migne1 ,,pg1 ,,lx1 #bgd-e1 9 ! #ch? homily on ! ,book ( ,acts4 #bjdd ,on ! o!r h&1 ,d4 ,fri$ri* ,mnt]1 ,d] ,/]n d] ,weis53 ,unt]su*ung5 b] das ,geburtsjahr ,*ri/i1 ,kop5hag51 #ahbg1 adopt$ ! a/rological !ory t ! /> ( ,be?lehem 0 really a major conjunction ( ,saturn & ,jupit] 9 ,pisces1 :i* ,jewi% tradition1 too1 seems to h reg>d$ z ! sign ( ! ,messiah1 & t !re=e ,jesus 0 born 9 #f ,b4 ,c4 ,?is view _h already be5 advanc$ by ,kepl]1 b rec5t writ]s seem to pref] a conjunction 9 ,aries3 see ,h4 ,g4 ,voigt1 ,die ,ges*i*te ,jesu und die ,a/rologie1 ,leipzig1 #aiaa2 ,kritz+]1 ,d] ,/]n d] ,weis51 ,gt]sloh1 #aiaa2 von ,oefele1 ,die ,angab5 d] ,b]l9] ,planet5tafel ,p#hbgi v]gli*5 mit d] ,geburtsges*i*te ,*ri/i im ,b]i*te des ,mat?u1 ,b]l91 #aijc1 9 ,mitteil4 d4 ,vord]asiatis*5 ,gesells*aft4 #bjde ,mle1 ,religi\s ,art 9 ,france1 #aiac1 p4 #bjh1 0 n able to trace ! leg5d t ! /> ( ! ,magi appe>$ ) ! face ( a *ild beyond ,! ,gold5 ,leg5d compil$ by ,james ( ,vorag9e 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,we %all1 h[ev]1 f9d x m5tion$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury by ,abel>d1 :o d]iv$ x f ?is spuri\s homily ( ,*ryso/om4 #bjdf ,!y are twice s repres5t$ on ! elaborately c>v$ ,*ri/ian s>cophagus 9 ! museum at ,syracuse1 ,sicily1 :]e also ! mang]1 ox1 & ass are %[n 7comp>e note #d bel[74 #bjdg ,hugo ,kehr]1 ,die ,heilig5 drei ,knige 9 ,litt]atur und ,kun/1 ,leipzig1 #aijh1 #b vols4 ,an e>li] "w on ! ?ree ,magi is ,in*(]1 ,tres ,magi ,evangelici1 ,rome1 #afci4 #bjdh ,j4 ,c4 ,?ilo1 ,eusebii ,alex&r9i oratio 7praemissa de magis et /ella quae/ione7 e ,cod4 ,reg4 ,p>4 primum edita1 ,progr4 ,halae1 #ahcd4 #bjdi ,a4 ,b\*-,lecl]cq1 ,l',a/rologie grecque1 #ahii1 p4 #faa1 8,la royaut des ,mages fut inv5te 7v]s le ,v,ie sicle71 comme la cr*e 7sic6 see ,luke1 ,,ii1 #ab & #af71 le buf et l'ne p\r montr] l'accomplissem5t des prophties40 #bjej ,religi\s ,art 9 ,france1 #aiac1 p4 #bad note1 foll[+1 ,i presume1 ,kehr]'s "w1 z he does on p4 #bac4 #bjea ,= detail$ ref]5ces see ,mnt]1 ,d] ,/]n d] ,weis51 #ahbg1 p4 #ae2 & ,b\*-,lecl]cq1 #ahii1 p4 #faa1 :]e !y are /at$ some:at diff]5tly4 #bjeb ,comm4 9 ,platonis ,timaeum1 ,,ii1 vi1 #abe2 quot$ by ,mnt] 7#ahbg71 pp4 #bg-h4 #bjec ,,bn #afhai1 fol4 #dir4 ,corpus ,*ri/i #acd1 e>ly #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #a v41 has a brief 8,magorum trium qui ,dom9o ,infanti aurum obtul]e nom9a et descriptio40 #bjed ,cotton ,galba ,e1 ,,viii1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #c-bh1 ,fabulosa n>ratio de tribus magis qui ,*ri/um ador>unt sive de tribus regibus ,coloni5sibus4 #bjee ,cap4 #ab 9 ! #adgh edition4 #bjef ,ibid41 cap4 #cd4 #bjeg ,at ,muni* all ! foll[+ ,,mss are #ae? c5tury3 ,,clm #ahfba1 fol4 #ace1 ,lib] trium regum1 fol4 #bae1 ,leg5da trium regum exc]pta ex praec$5ti2 #aiedd1 fols4 #cad-di1 & #bffhh1 fols4 #aeg-ib1 ,laudes et ge/a trium regum1 etc42 #bafbg1 fols4 #bab-ca1 ,hi/oria de tribus regibus2 #bchci1 fols4 #aab-cg1 & #bdega1 fols4 #ej-ajd1 ,ge/a trium regum2 #bejgc1 fols4 #bfj-hc1 de nativitate dom9i et de tribus regibus4 ,at ,b]l9 ,,mss #gii & #hjj1 bo? ( ! #ae? c5tury1 h ! ,ge/a trium regum ascrib$ to ,john ( ,hilde%eim4 ,s ,wolf5bttel #cbff1 anno #adfa4 ,! pr9t$ edition ( #adgh 9 #df *apt]s & ab\t #cj folios is also ascrib$ to ,john ( ,hilde%eim4 ,we read on ! b9d+1 8,ioannis ,hilde%em5sis ,lib] de trium regum translatione40 ,! ,incipit is3 8,rev]5dissimo 9 ,*ri/o patri ac dom9o dom9o flor5cio de weuelk\5 div9a provid5cia mona/]i5sis ecclesie episcopo dignissimo40 ,! colophon is3 8,lib] de ge/is ac tr9a beatissimorum trium regum translacione 444 p] me ,johannem guld5s*(f de moguncia40 ,"s o!r ,,mss1 also ( ! #ae? c5tury1 are3 ,vatic4 ,palat4 ,lat4 #hei1 de ge/is et translationibus trium regum1 & at ,ox=d1 ,univ]sity ,college #cc1 ,lib] collectus de ge/is et translationibus sanctorum trium regum de ,colonia2 ,laud ,misc41 #feh1 ,! hi/ory ( ! ?ree k+s ( ,cologne1 9 =ty-"o *apt]s ) a preface4 ,x is ?us se5 t ! numb] ( *apt]s v>ies4 ,coxe's catalogue ( ! ,laud ,,mss /ates t ! ,lat9 orig9al 0 pr9t$ at ,cologne 9 qu>to 9 #adha1 & t x is v diff]5t f ! v]sion pr9t$ by ,wynkyn de ,worde4 8,! ,/ory ( ! ,magi10 9 ,bodleian 7,b]n>d7 #bcbe1 cov]s only folio #fh4 ,at ,ami5s is a ,,ms :i* ! catalogue dates 9 ! #ad? c5tury & ascribes to ,john ( ,hilde%eim1 & its ,incipit is practically t ( ! pr9t$ edition3 ,ami5s #dha1 fols4 #a-eh1 8,rev]5dissimo 9 ,*ri/o ,patri ac dom9o dom9o ,flor5t9o de ,wovellonem 7sic7 div9a provid5cia ,mona/]i5sis ecclesie episcopo dignissimo4 ,cum v5]&issimorum trium ,magorum1 ymo v]ius trium ,regum40 ,! "w ends 9 ! ,,ms ) ! words1 8444 summi ,regis s]vant legem incole ,colonie4 ,am54 ,explicit hy/oria40 #bjeh ,,bn #afhai1 #aj? c5tury1 fols4 #dfr-#dir4 #bjei ,m>co ,polo 7,i1 #ac-ad1 ed4 ,yule & ,cordi]1 #aijc1 vol4 ,i1 #gh-ha71 :o locat$ ! ,magi 9 ,saba1 ,p]sia1 rec\nts fur!r leg5ds conc]n+ !m & _! gifts4 ,see also ,f4 ,w4 ,k4 ,mll]1 ,uigurica1 ,i1 i1 ,die ,anbetung d] ,magi]1 e9 ,*ri/li*es ,bru*/ck1 ,b]l91 #aijh4 #bjfj ,beazley1 ,dawn ( ,mod]n ,geography1 ,i1 #bgd1 says1 8,augu/9e & ,*ryso/om felt & spoke 9 ! same way1 ?\gh 9 m measur$ language1 & ne>ly all e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s :o t\*$ ^u ! matt] did s to e*o ! voice ( au?orities s unque/ion$40 ,b ,i _c agree ) ?is /atem5t4 ,he goes on to imply t a majority ( ! fa!rs1 l ,cosmas ,indicopleu/es1 attack$ ! belief 9 ! sph]icity ( ! e>?2 b "h1 too1 ,i wond] if he is n foll[+ ,letronne1 ,des ,op9ions ,cosmographiques des ,pres1 )\t hav+ exam9$ ! citations4 ,c]ta9ly no su* attitude is f\nd 9 ,basil's ,hexaem]on1 ,hom4 #c & #i z ! citation implies4 ,i h n se5 ,m>9elli1 ,la geographia e i ,padri della ,*iesa1 e/ratto dal ,bollett9o della ,societ geografica italiana1 anno #ahhb1 pp4 #aa-ae4 #bjfa ,div94 ,in/it41 ,,iii1 #bd4 #bjfb ,migne1 ,,pg1 vol4 #bi2 ,,pn1 vol4 #h4 #bjfc ,duhem 7#aiad7 ,,ii1 #cid1 h[ev]1 pref]s ,gregory ( ,nyssa's "w z 8 la fois plus sobre1 plus concis1 et plus philosophique44440 #bjfd ,homily ,i 0 deliv]$ 9 ! morn+1 ,,ii 9 ! ev5+2 ,,iii 0 9 ! morn+ & speaks ( a com+ ev5+ address4 ,at ! close ( ,homily ,,vii ,basil urges 8 he>]s to talk ov] at _! ev5+ meal :at !y h he>d ?is morn+ & ?is ev5+4 ,if we reg>d ,homily ,,vi z ! morn+ address ref]r$ to1 we %all h ,homily ,v left to cov] an entire day4 ,homily ,,vi1 h[ev]1 is ! longe/ ( ! n9e4 ,9 any case ,homily ,,viii is cle>ly prea*$ 9 ! morn+1 & ,,ix at ev5+4 #bjfe ,bk4 ,,ii1 caps4 #aj-ag4 #bjff ,epi/ola #fe1 ad ,pamma*ium4 ,augu/9e's ,de ,g5esi ad litt]am1 :i* ,cassiodorus 7,in/itutes1 ,i1 #a7 e/eem$ above ! comm5t>ies ( ,basil & ,ambrose ^u ,g5esis1 is a some:at simil> "w1 b1 aft] a brief] treatm5t ( ! "w ( creation1 cont9ues to comm5t on ! text up to ,adam's expulsion f ,p>adise4 #bjfg ,migne1 ,,pl1 #ad1 #aca-b4 ,! mo/ rec5t edition ( ! ,hexaem]on ( ,ambrose is by ,c4 ,s*5kl4 ,vi5na1 #ahif4 #bjfh ,fialon1 tude sur ,/4 ,basile1 #ahfi1 p4 #bif4 #bjfi ,homily ,,ix4 #bjgj ,= example1 9 ! catalogue1 publi%$ 9 #agdd1 ( ,,mss 9 ! !n ,royal ,libr>y at ,p>is !re are li/$ five copies ( ,eu/a?ius' ,lat9 translation1 dat+ f ! n9? to ! f\rte5? c5tury--#bbjj1 #d2 #agja1 #a2 #agjb1 #a2 #aghg;,a1 #b2 #bfcc1 #a2 & fifte5 copies ( ! ,hexaem]on ( ,ambrose--#agah2 #agjb1 #b2 #agai to #agbg inclusive2 #bchg1 #d2 #bfcg & #bfch4 ,i h n not$ :at ,,mss ( ! ,hexaem]ons ( ,basil & ,ambrose are f\nd 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & ,bodleian libr>ies4 ,"s o!r m$ieval copies ( ,basil's 9 ,lat9 translation are3 ,,bn #abacd1 #i? c5tury ,lomb>d h&2 ,v5dme #abb1 #aa? c5tury1 fols4 #a v-#fj2 ,soissons #aba1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #ig1 ,eu/a?ius' prologue & a "p ( 8 translation2 ,gr5oble #beh1 #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #a-de1 8,eu/a?ii translatio44440 ,! ,hexaem]on ( ,ambrose1 s9ce writt5 orig9ally 9 ,lat91 is naturally f\nd (t5]4 ,! olde/ ,,ms is said to be ,,cu ,corpus ,*ri/i #aic1 l>ge ,lomb>d script ( ! #h? c5tury :i* closely resembles ,,bn #chcf4 ,o!r ,,mss are3 ,,bn #aafbd1 #aa? c5tury2 ,,bn #abace1 #i? c5tury2 ,,bn #abacf1 #ab-ac? c5tury2 ,,bn #acccf1 #aa? c5tury2 ,,bn #adhdg1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #afc2 ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #dij1 #ab? c5tury2 ,vatican #bfi-bgc inclusive1 #aj-ae? c5turies2 ,al5on #aj1 #ab? c5tury2 ,v5dme #abi1 #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #dh-abf2 ,semur1 #aj1 #ab? c5tury2 ,*>tres #fc1 #aj-aa? c5tury1 fols4 #c-df2 ,orlans #ce1 #aa? c5tury2 ,orlans #aib1 #g? c5tury1 "p ( ! fir/ two books only2 ,ami5s fonds ,lescalopi] #cj1 #ab? c5tury2 le ,mans #ae1 #aa? c5tury2 ,brussels #aghb1 #aj? c5tury2 ,,clm #bedi1 #ab? c5tury2 ,,clm #cgbh1 #aj? c5tury2 ,,clm #fbeh1 #aj? c5tury2 ,,clm #acjgi1 #ab? c5tury2 ,,clm #adcii1 #ab? c5tury2 ,nov>a #dj1 #ab? c5tury2 & _m o!r ,,mss ( lat] date 9 ^! & o!r libr>ies4 #bjga ,de proprietatibus r]um1 ,,viii1 #d4 #bjgb ,b$e1 ,hexaem]on1 sive libri quatuor 9 pr9cipium ,g5esis usque ad nativitatem ,isaac et electionem ,ismaelis1 9 ,migne1 ,,pl1 #ia1 #i-ajj4 ,b$e orig9ally int5d$ to c>ry 8 "w only to ! expulsion ( ,adam f ,p>adise1 b subsequ5tly add$ ?ree m books4 #bjgc ,homilies ,i1 ,,viii1 & ,x4 #bjgd ,homily ,,iii1 #a & #aj4 #bjge ,i1 #g2 ,,iii1 #e & #aj4 #bjgf ,,iv1 #a4 #bjgg ,i1 #g2 ,,iii1 #e2 ,,iv1 #c1 #d1 & #g2 ,,vi1 #i2 ,,vii1 #f4 #bjgh ,,ii1 #g2 ,,iii1 #aj4 #bjgi ,,iv1 #a2 ,,vi1 #a4 #bjhj ,,viii1 #h4 #bjha ,homily ,v1 #aj2 ,,ix1 #b4 #bjhb ,i1 #c4 #bjhc ,,ii1 #a4 #bjhd ,,iii1 #c4 #bjhe ,,ii1 #d1 et seq4 #bjhf ,,iii1 #i4 #bjhg ,*>les1 ,! ,book ( ! ,secrets ( ,eno*1 ,introduction1 pp4 xxxi1 xxxix4 #bjhh ,ir5aeus1 ,i1 #e2 ,epiphanius1 ed4 ,petavius #ahf;,,ab4 #bjhi ,homily ,i1 #aj4 #bjij ,,vi1 #i-aa4 #bjia ,i1 #aa4 #bjib ,,ii1 #g4 #bjic ,,iv1 #b-d4 #bjid ,homily ,,iv1 #d4 #bjie ,,iv1 #f4 #bjif ,v1 #b4 #bjig ,,iv1 #e4 #bjih ,,iii1 #d4 #bjii ,,vi1 #a4 #bajj ,homily ,v1 #c4 #baja ,v1 #i4 #bajb ,v1 #d4 #bajc ,v1 #f4 #bajd ,,vii1 #e2 ,,ix1 #c4 #baje ,,viii1 #f4 #bajf ,homily ,,vii1 #f4 #bajg ,,ix1 #c4 #bajh ,,viii1 #e4 ,see also ,ari/otle1 ,hi/ory ( ,animals1 ,v1 #h4 #baji ,homily ,,viii1 #f4 #baaj ,,ix1 #b4 #baaa ,,ix1 #e4 #baab ,homily1 ,,vi1 #aa4 #baac ,v1 #a4 #baad ,,vi1 #c4 #baae ,ad ,autolycum1 ,,ii1 #ae4 #baaf ,homily ,,vi1 #e-g4 #baag ,homily ,,vi1 #aj4 #baah ,v1 #b4 #baai ,v1 #g4 ,b p]haps he simply means t oaks w gr[ :]e p9es us$ to4 ,t]tullian1 ,de pallio1 cap4 #b1 dwell+ on ! law ( *ange1 speaks ( ! wa%+ d[n ( soil f m\nta9s1 ! alluvial =mation by riv]s1 & ( sea-%ells on m\nta9 tops z a pro( t ! :ole e>? 0 once cov]$ by wat]4 ,he seems to h 9 m9d a gradual process ( geological evolution r ?an ,noah's flood1 & ,sir ,james ,fraz] /ates t ,isidore ( ,seville is ! fir/ he kn[s ( ! _m writ]s :o h appeal$ 8to fossil %ells imb$d$ 9 remote m\nta9s z witnesses to ! tru? ( ! ,noa*ian tradition10--,orig9es1 ,,xiii1 #bb1 cit$ by ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 ,folk-,lore 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t 7#aiah71 ,i1 #aei1 :o cites ! passage 9 ,t]tullian at pp4 #cch-i4 #babj ,homily ,,ix1 #b4 #baba ,cunn+ham1 ,*ri/ian ,op9ion on ,usury1 p4 #i4 #babb ,twice 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,pan>ion 7,d9dorf1 ,i1 #bhj1 & ,,ii1 #dbh2 ,petavius1 #b;,d & #djd;,a7 he gives ! ye> ( ! reign ( ,val5t9ian & ,val5s1 namely1 ! elev5? & ! twelf?4 #babc ,lucian's ,de dipsadibus w be recall$2 see also ,pl9y1 ,,nh1 ,,xxiii1 #hj2 ,lucan1 ,ph>salia1 ,,ix1 #gai4 #babd ,pl9y1 ,,nh1 ,,xxiii1 #ah2 ,,xxx1 #aj4 #babe ,pl9y1 ,,nh1 ,,xxv1 #ec2 ,,xxi1 #ib2 ,,xix1 #fb2 ,,xii1 #dj & #ee4 #babf ,d9dorf1 ,,ii1 #dej2 ,petavius1 #dbb;,c4 #babg ,lib] de ,,xii gemmis rationalis summi sac]dotis ,hebraeorum1 publi%$ 9 ,d9dorf's edition ( ! ,op]a ( ,epiphanius1 vol4 ,,iv1 pp4 #ada-bdh1 ) ! preface & notes ( ,fogg9ius1 & bo? ! ,lat9 & ,greek v]sions4 #babh ,ibid41 #afj-fb4 #babi ,p4 #agd4 #bacj ,pp4 #aij-ia4 #baca ,ibid41 #ahd4 #bacb ,pitra1 ,spicilegium ,solesm5se1 ,p>is1 #ahee1 ,,iii1 xlvii-lxxx4 ,k4 ,ahr5s1 ,zur ,ges*i*te des sog5annt5 ,physiologus1 #ahhe4 ,m4 ,f4 ,mann1 ,be/iaire ,div9 de ,guillaume ,le ,cl]c4 ,heilbronn1 #ahhh1 pp4 #af-cc1 8,ent/ehung des ,physiologus und se9e ,entwicklung im ,ab5dl&e40 ,f4 ,lau*]t1 ,ges*i*te des ,physiologus1 ,/rassburg1 #ahhi4 ,e4 ,pet]s1 ,d] grie*is*e ,physiologus und se9e ori5talis*5 ,ueb]setzung51 ,b]l91 #ahih4 ,m4 ,gold/aub1 ,d] ,physiologus und se9e ,weit]bildung1 besond]s 9 d] late9is*5 und 9 d] byzant9is*5 ,litt]atur1 9 ,philologus1 ,suppl4 ,bd4 ,,viii 7#ahih-aija71 #ccg-djd4 ,also 9 ,v]h&l4 d4 #da4 ,v]sammlung deuts*] ,philolog5 u4 ,s*ulmnn] 9 ,mn*51 ,leipzig 7#ahib71 pp4 #bab-ba4 ,v4 ,s*ultze1 ,d] ,physiologus 9 d] kir*li*5 ,kun/ des ,mittelalt]s1 9 ,*ri/li*es ,kun/blatt1 ,,xxxix 7#ahig71 #di-ee4 ,j4 ,/rzyg[ski1 ,d] ,bild]kreis des grie*is*5 ,physiologus1 9 ,byz4 ,zeits*4 ,ergnzung%eft1 ,i 7#ahii74 ,e4 ,p4 ,evans1 ,animal ,symbolism 9 ,ecclesia/ical ,ar*itecture1 #ahif1 is disappo9t+1 be+ ma9ly compil$ f second>y s\rces & hav+ little to say on ecclesia/ical ar*itecture4 #bacc ,,eb1 #aa? ed41 8,ar?ropoda40 #bacd ,lau*]t 7#ahhi71 pp4 #bbi-gi1 attempts a critical edition ( ! ,greek text4 #bace ,pitra 7#ahee71 ,,iii1 #cgd-ij2 ,fr5* translation 9 ,cahi]1 ,n\veaux mlanges 7#ahgd71 ,i1 #aag1 et seq4 #bacf ,o4 ,g4 ,ty*s51 ,physiologus ,syrus1 #agie2 f an incomplete ,vatican ,,ms4 ,l&1 ,otia ,syriaca1 p4 #ca1 et seq41 or 9 ,anecdota ,syriaca1 ,,iv1 #aae1 et seq41 gives ! complete text ) a ,lat9 translation4 #bacg ,hommel1 ,die ae?iopis*e ,ueb]setzung des ,physiologus1 ,leipzig1 #ahgg4 ,a bit ( x 0 translat$ by ,pitra 7#ahee71 ,,iii1 #daf-g4 #bach ,l&1 ,otia ,syriaca1 p4 #acg1 et seq41 ) ,lat9 translation4 ,a fragm5t 9 ,pitra 7#ahee71 ,,iii1 #ece4 #baci ,pitra 7#ahee71 ,,iii1 #cch-gc1 us$ ,,mss f ! #ac? to #ae? c5tury4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n illum9at$ copies are ( #aajj ,a4 ,d4 & lat]3 see ,dalton1 ,byzant9e ,art & ,ar*aeology1 ,ox=d1 #aiaa1 pp4 #dha-b4 #badj ,! olde/ ,lat9 ,,mss seem to be two ( ! #h? & #i? c5turies at ,b]ne4 ,edit$ by ,mai1 ,classici auctores1 ,rome1 #ahce1 ,,vii1 #ehe-if1 & m completely by ,pitra 7#ahee71 ,,iii1 #dah2 also by ,g4 ,heid]1 9 ,ar*iv f4 ,kunde /]rei*4 ,ges*i*tsquell51 ,vi5na1 #ahej1 ,,ii1 #ede2 ,cahi] et ,m>t91 ,mlanges d'ar*ologie1 ,p>is1 ,,ii 7#ahea71 #he;ff41 ,,iii 7#ahec71 #bjc;ff41 ,,iv 7#ahef71 #ee;ff4 ,cahi]1 ,n\veaux mlanges 7#ahgd71 p4 #ajf;ff4 ,mann 7#ahhh71 pp4 #cg-gc1 pr9ts ! ,lat9 text :i* he reg>ds z ,william le ,cl]c's s\rce f ,royal #b-;,c-,,xii1 & gives a li/ ( o!r ,,mss ( ,lat9 ,be/i>ies 9 ,engli% libr>ies4 ,o!r m$ieval ,lat9 ,be/i>ies h be5 pr9t$ 9 ! works ( ,hildeb]t ( ,t\rs or ,le ,mans 7,migne1 ,,pl1 #aga1 #abag-bd3 really ?is poem conc]n+ only twelve animals is by ,!obald1 :o 0 p]haps abbot at ,monte ,cass9o1 #ajbb-ajce1 & x 0 pr9t$ "u ! "n ( ,!obald be=e #aejj1--see ! volume numb]$ ,,ia4#abcfg 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & entitl$1 ,phisiologus ,!obaldi ,episcopi de naturis duodecim animalium4 ,inde$1 x 0 pr9t$ at lea/ n9e times "u 8 "n1--see ,ha91 #aedfg-ge73 & 9 ! works ( ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor 7,migne1 ,,pl1 #agg1 #i-afd1 ,de be/iis et aliis rebus libri quatuor74 ,bo? ( ^! v]sions occur 9 num]\s ,,mss1 z does a ?ird v]sion :i* op5s ) citation ( ! rem>k ( ,jacob 9 bless+ 8 sons1 8,judah is a lion's :elp40 ,! au?or !n cites ,physiologus z usual conc]n+ ! ?ree natures ( ! lion4 ,see ,wolf5bttel #ddce1 #aa? c5tury1 fols4 #aei-fhv1 ,lib] be/i>um4 8,de leone rege be/i>um et animalium 7e/7 et5im iacob b5$ic5s iudam ait ,catulus leonis iuda4 ,de leone4 ,leo tres naturas habet40 ,laud4 ,misc4 #bdg1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #adj-1 444 caps4 #cf1 praevia tabula 444 ,tit4 8,de tribus naturis leonis40 ,incip4 8,be/i>ium seu animalium regis2 et5im ,jacob b5$ic5s filium suum ,udam ait ,catulus leonis ,judas filius meus quis suscitabit eum2 ,fisiologus dicit1 ,tres res naturales hab]e leonem44440 ,libr>y ( ,dukes ( ,burgundy #ajjgd1 #aj? c5tury1 8,et5im ,jacob b5$ic5s40 ,,clm #aifdh1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #ahj-ie1 8,igitur ,jacob b5$ic5s40 ,,clm #bcghg1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #ab-bj1 8,igitur ,jacob b5$ic5s40 ,,cu ,tr9ity #hhd1 #ac? c5tury 9 a f9e h&1 ) #ajg ,engli% m9iatures1 fol4 #hi-1 8,et enim iacob b5$ic5s filium suum iudam ait catulus leonis e/ iudas filius meus02 ?is ,,ms ends imp]fectly4 #bada ,pr9t$ by ,lau*]t 7#ahhi71 pp4 #bhj-ii4 #badb ,max ,f4 ,mann1 ,d] ,physiologus des ,philipp von ,?aon und se9e ,quell51 ,halle1 #ahhd1 #ec pp4 #badc ,mann1 ,be/iaire ,div9 de ,guillaume ,le ,cl]c1 ,heilbronn1 #ahhh1 9 ,franzsis*e ,/udi51 ,,vi1 #b1 pp4 #bja-cjf4 ,mo/ rec5t edition by ,rob]t1 ,leipzig1 #ahij4 #badd ,besides ! two =ego+ see ,gold/aub und ,w5dr9]1 ,e9 tosco-v5ez4 ,be/i>ius1 ,halle1 #ahib4 ,magliabe*4 ,,iv1 #fc1 #ac? c5tury1 mutilat$1 #ec fols41 be/i>io moralizato1 9 ,italian prose4 ,e4 ,monaci1 ,r5diconti dell' ,accad4 dei ,l9cei1 ,classe di sci5ze morali1 /ori*e e filol41 vol4 ,v1 fasc4 #aj & #ab1 has edit$ a ,be/i>io 9 #fd sonetti on z _m animals f a private ,,ms at 8,gubbio nell' ar*ivio degli avvocati ,pietro e ,od]isi ,luc>elli10 ,,ms #be1 fols4 #aab-bg4 ,see also ,m4 ,g>v] & ,k4 ,mc,kenzie1 ,il ,be/i>io ,toscano secondo la lezione dei codice di ,p>igi e di ,roma1 9 ,/udi romanzi1 ,rome1 #aiab2 ,mc,kenzie1 ,unpubli%$ ,manuscripts ( ,italian ,be/i>ies1 9 ,mod]n ,language ,publications1 ,,xx 7#aije71 #b2 & ,g>v]1 8,"s ,supplem5t>y ,italian ,be/i>y ,*apt]s10 9 ,romanic ,review1 ,,xi 7#aibj71 #cjh-bg4 #bade ,= in/ance1 ,a4 ,s4 ,cook1 ,! ,old ,engli% ,el5e1 ,pho5ix1 & ,physiologus1 ,yale ,univ]sity ,press1 #cfd pp41 #aiai4 #badf ,k4 ,ahr5s1 ,das 8,bu* d] ,naturgeg5/nde10 #ahib4 #badg ,cod4 ,v9d4 ,m$4 #bi1 4 ,9 ! edition ( ,ponce de ,leon1 ,rome1 #aehg1 !re are tw5ty animals describ$1 & ! symbolic int]pretation is v %ort comp>$ to lat] v]sions4 ,heid] 7#ahej71 p4 #edc1 reg>d$ ?is z ! olde/ v]sion & z extant 9 complete =m4 #badh ,mansi1 ,concil41 ,,viii1 #aea1 8,lib] ,physiologus ab h]eticis conscriptus et beati ,ambrosii nom9e presignatus apocryphus40 #badi ,heid] 7#ahej71 ,,ii1 #eda-hb1 8,physiologus na* e9] ,h&s*rift des ,,xi4 ,jahrhund]ts03 ! text op5s at p4 #eeb1 8,incipiunt ,dicta ,johannis ,*ryso/omi de naturis be/i>um40 ,lau*]t us$ ano!r ,,ms1 ,vi5na #cjc1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #abdv-1 :i* 0 consid]ably diff]5t & 0 fur!rmore comb9$ ) ! ,physiologus ( ,!obald4 ,an e>li] ,,ms ?an ei!r ( ! =ego+ is ,,clm #aidag1 #i? c5tury1 fols4 #bi-ga1 ,lib] ,sancti ,johannis episcopi regiae urbis ,con/ant9opoli 444 ,criso/omi quem de naturis animalium ord9avit4 ,ano!r ,vi5na ,,ms is #beaa1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #ace-dj1 8,incipiunt dicta ,johannis ,*ryso/omi de naturis animalium et primo de leone 444_/ 444 ,sic erit et scriba doctus 9 regno celorum qui pr(]t de !sauro suo n\a et uet]a4 ,expliciunt dicta ,johannis ,criso/omi40 ,a ,p>is ,,ms ( ! same is ,,bn #bghj1 #ac? c5tury1 #ad1 ,sancti ,ioannis ,*ryso/omi lib] qui physiologus appellatur4 #baej ,additional #aa1jce1 ,johannis ,scottig5ae ,phisiologiae lib]4 ,9 ! same ,,ms are ,macrobius' ,dream ( ,scipio & ! poems ( ,prud5tius4 #baea ,de be/iis et aliis rebus1 ,,ii1 #a 7,migne1 ,,pl #agg1 #eg74 8,physici d5ique dicunt qu9que naturales res sive naturas hab]e leonem44440 #baeb ,m9]al41 ,,ii1 i1 #a 7ed4 ,borgnet1 ,v1 #bd74 #baec ,bubnov 7#ahii71 p4 #cgb4 #baed ,?us ev5 ,lau*]t 7#ahii71 p4 #aje1 admits t ,b>?olomew ( ,engl&1 ! ?irte5? c5tury ,lat9 encyclop$i/1 cites ,physiologus = mu* :i* does n come f ,physiologus4 #baee ,gold/aub 7#ahii-aija71 p4 #cda4 #baef ,?is & ! prec$+ quotations 9 ! p>agraph are f ,mle 7#aiac71 pp4 #dh1 #ce1 #di1 #de4 #baeg ,gold/aub 7#ahii-aija71 pp4 #cej-a4 ,! same /atem5t c\ld be made ) equal tru? ( ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais & ,b>?olomew ( ,engl&4 #baeh ,hommel 7#ahgg71 pp4 xii1 xv4 #baei ,duhem1 ,,ii 7#aiad71 #cad1 seems to me to h ov]e/imat$ ! significance ( ,confessions1 ,v1 #e1 & ,de ,g5esi ad litt]am1 ,i1 #ai1 9 say+1 8,l'assurance avec laquelle les ,basile1 les ,grgoire de ,nysse1 les ,ambroise1 les ,jean ,*ryso/ome opposai5t aux enseignem5ts de la ,physique pr(ane les naves ass]tions de leur sci5ce purile contri/ait =t l'vque de ,hippone40 ,!re is no?+1 ,i ?9k1 to indicate t ,augu/9e _h ^! m5 or m5 ( _! /amp 9 m9d1 & ,i d\bt if 8 sci5tific atta9m5ts 7 sup]ior to ,basil's4 #bafj ,de cons5su ,evangeli/>um1 ,i1 #aa2 9 ,migne1 ,,pl #cd1 #ajdi-ej4 #bafa ,ibid41 ,i1 #i-aj4 #bafb ,de civitate ,dei1 ,x1 #i2 ,,pl vol4 #da4 #bafc ,ibid41 ,,vii1 #cd-ce2 & see ,arnobius1 ,aga9/ ! ,hea!n1 ,v1 #a1 = ,augu/9e's probable s\rce4 #bafd ,de civ4 ,dei1 ,,viii1 #ai4 #bafe ,ibid41 ,,viii1 #ah1 #ai1 #bf2 ,,ix1 #a4 #baff ,de civ4 ,dei1 ,x1 #i-aj4 #bafg ,de tr9itate1 ,,iv1 #aa2 9 ,migne1 ,,pl #db1 #hig4 #bafh ,de civ4 ,dei1 ,x1 #i4 #bafi ,de civ4 ,dei1 ,,xxi1 #f4 #bagj ,9 ,gr5oble #bjh1 #ab? c5tury1 conta9+ works ( ,augu/9e1 !re is li/$ sep>ately at fol4 #edv1 8,de magis ,ph>aonis10 to :i* ! ,,mss catalogue adds1 8et de ,,cliii piscibus40 ,probably x is an extract f "o ( ,augu/9e's long] works z x cov]s only "o leaf4 #baga ,de tr9itate1 ,,iv1 #aa4 #bagb ,de div]sis quae/ionibus1 cap4 #gi2 ,migne1 ,,pl #dj1 #ib-c4 #bagc ,see also ,de cataclysmo 7p]haps spuri\s71 cap4 #e1 ,migne1 ,,pl #dj1 #fif2 & ,s]mo ,,viii1 ,,pl #ch1 #gd4 ,s]mo ,,xc1 ,,pl #ch1 #efb1 h[ev]1 speaks ( 8,moyses et ,a>on40 #bagd ,de civ4 ,dei1 ,,xxi1 #f2 ,,xviii1 #ah4 #bage ,de div]sis quae/ionibus1 cap4 #gi2 ,de doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 ,,ii1 #bj1 9 ,migne1 ,,pl #cd1 #ej4 #bagf ,migne1 ,,pl #dj1 #eha-ib4 #bagg ,de tr9itate1 ,,iii1 #h2 ,,pl1 #db1 #hge4 #bagh ,de tr9itate1 ,,iii1 #g-h4 ,x seems /range to me t !y %\ld h fail$ on m9ute insects :o 9 anci5t & m$ieval sci5ce are (t5 repres5t$ z produc$ by spontane\s g5]ation4 ,! ,talmudi/s also1 h[ev]1 /ate t ! ,egyptians 7 unable to duplicate ! plague ( lice1 z _! art did n ext5d to ?+s small] ?an a b>leycorn4 #bagi ,de civitate ,dei1 ,,xviii1 #bb4 ,9 comm5t+ on ,g5esis 7,,pl #cd1 #dde7 he speaks ev5 m h>%ly ( 8t absurd & h>mful notion ( ! *ang+ ( s\ls & ( m5 into bea/s1 or ( bea/s into m502 b p]haps he has ref]5ce to ! doctr9e ( transmigration ( s\ls r ?an to magic trans=mations4 #bahj ,confessions1 ,x1 #db1 9 ,,pl vol4 #cb4 #baha ,quae/4 ,,vi2 ,,pl #dj1 #afb-e4 #bahb ,,ii1 #c2 ,,pl #dj1 #adb-d4 #bahc ,de civitate ,dei1 ,,xxi1 #d-f2 ,,pl #da1 #gab-f4 #bahd ,de ,g5esi ad litt]am1 ,,xi1 #bh-i2 ,,pl #cd1 #ddd-e4 #bahe ,confessions1 ,x1 #ce2 9 ,,pl vol4 #cb4 #bahf ,,ii1 #bj & #bi4 #bahg ,,iv1 #b-c4 #bahh ,,pl #ci1 #bbfh-gb4 #bahi ,s]mo ,,cxxx1 ,,pl #ci1 #bjjd-e4 #baij ,,ii1 #ba-c2 ,,pl #cd1 #ea-c4 #baia ,de civitate ,dei1 ,v1 #g4 #baib ,confessions1 ,,vii1 #f4 #baic ,unless o!rwise not$1 ! ensu+ argum5ts are f\nd 9 ,! ,city ( ,god1 ,v1 #a-g4 #baid ,de ,g5esi ad litt]am1 ,,ii1 #ag2 ,,pl #cd1 #bgh4 ,de div]sis quae/ionibus1 cap4 #de2 ,,pl #dj1 #bh-i4 ,epi/ola #bdf2 ,,pl #cc1 #ajfa4 ,s]mo #aji2 ,,pl #ch1 #ajbg4 #baie ,confessions1 ,,iv1 #b-c4 #baif ,see bel[1 *apt] #bd4 #baig ,de ,g5esi ad litt]am1 ,,xii1 #bb & #ag & #ab2 ,,pl #cd1 #dgb-c1 #dfg-i1 #dfd-e4 ,see also ! m>vel\s div9ations ( ,albic]ius rec\nt$ 9 ,contra ,academicos1 ,i1 #f2 ,,pl #cb1 #iad-e4 #baih ,s]mones #aii & #cgd2 ,,pl #ch1 #ajbg-h1 & #ci1 #afff4 ,contra ,fau/um1 ,,ii1 #ae2 ,,pl #db1 #bab4 #baii ,9 ,quae/iones ex ,novo ,te/am5to1 ,quae/4 #fc1 ,,pl #ce1 #bbeh1 :i* is probably a spuri\s "w b 0 cit$ z ,augu/9e's by ,?omas ,aqu9as 7,summa1 ,,iii1 #cf1 v71 ,balaam is said to h w>n$ ! ,magi to wat* = ! />4 ,x is also ass]t$1 h[ev]1 t 8^! ,*aldean ,magi wat*$ ! c\rse ( ! />s1 n f malevol5ce1 b curiosity conc]n+ nature0 7,hi ,magi *aldaei non malevol5tia a/rorum cursum s$ r]um curiositate speculabantur74 #bbjj ,en*iridion1 sive de fide1 spe1 et *>itate1 ,i1 #eh2 ,,pl #dj1 #bei-fj4 ,de civitate ,dei1 ,,xiii1 #af2 ,,pl #da1 #chh4 ,de ,g5esi ad litt]am1 ,,ii1 #ah2 ,,pl #cd1 #bgi-hj4 #bbja ,orosii ad ,augu/9um ,consultatio sive ,commonitorium de errore ,priscilliani/>um et ,orig5i/>um1 ,,pl #ca1 #abaa-bb2 also 9 ,g4 ,s*epss 7#ahhi71 9 ,,csel ,,xviii4 ,augu/9i ad ,orosium contra ,priscilliani/as et ,orig5i/as1 ,,pl #da1 #ffi1 et seq4 ,augu/9e also discusses ! ,priscilliani/s 9 ,epi/le #bcg1 ,,pl #cc1 #ajcd1 et seq41 :]e he makes no *>ge ei!r ( magic or a/rology aga9/ !m4 #bbjb ,?is *>ge 0 lat] repeat$ by ,/4 ,leo1 ,epi/ola ,,xv2 see ,)+ton1 ,hi/ory ( ,m$ic9e1 #ahid1 p4 #agh2 b ! (f5se w\ld seem a trivial "o 9 any case4 #bbjc ,de pr9cipiis1 ,i1 #g4 #bbjd ,de doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 ,,ii1 #bi1 9 ,migne1 #cd1 #eg4 #bbje ,de ,g5esi ad litt]am1 ,,ii1 #af1 9 ,migne1 #cd1 #bgg4 #bbjf ,de civitate ,dei1 ,,xi1 #cj-ca4 ,he says ab\t ! same ?+s conc]n+ six & sev5 9 ,de ,g5esi ad litt]am1 ,,iv1 #b4 #bbjg ,s]mo supposititius #ba1 9 ,migne1 ,,pl ,,xxxix1 #aghc1 8,de conv5i5tia decem preceptorum et decem plag>um ,egypti4 ,non e/ s9e causa1 fratres dilectissimi1 quod preceptorum legis ,dei num]us cum num]o plag>um quibus ,aegyptus p]cutitur exaequ>i videtur40 #bbjh ,cambridge ,m$ieval ,hi/ory1 ,i1 #i4 #bbji ,! ,greek "w1 ,h]mippus or ,conc]n+ ,a/rology1 h[ev]1 c no long] be reg>d$ z an example ( ,*ri/ian belief 9 a/rology at ?is p]iod1 s9ce ,f4 ,boll1 ,heidelb]g] ,akad4 ,sitzb41 #aiab1 ,no4 #ah1 has %[n x to be a f\rte5? c5tury "w ( ,john ,katr>ios1 :o makes use ( a ,greek translation ( ,albumas>4 #bbaj ,= bibliography see ,f4 ,boll's 8,firmicus0 9 ,,pw4 ,x does n include my article writt5 subsequ5tly on 8,a ,roman ,a/rolog] z a ,hi/orical ,s\rce3 ,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus10 9 ,classical ,philology1 ,,viii1 ,no4 #d1 pp4 #dae-ce1 ,octob]1 #aiac4 ,= bibliography see also ,kroll et ,skuts*1 ,,ii1 xxxiv4 #bbaa ,! edition ( ,de errore pr(an>um religionum by ,k4 ,ziegl]1 ,leipzig1 #aijg1 is m critical ?an t 9 ,migne1 ,,pl4 #bbab ,iulii ,firmici ,mat]ni ,ma!seos ,libri ,,viii1 ed4 ,w4 ,kroll et ,f4 ,skuts*1 ,fasciculus prior libros ,,iv priores et qu9ti prooemium cont95s1 ,leipzig1 #ahig2 ,fasciculus alt] libros ,,iv po/]iores cum praefatione et indicibus cont95s1 #aiac4 ,my ref]5ces w be by page & l9e to ?is text1 unless o!rwise not$4 ,e>li] editions1 :i* ,i us$ = ! lat] books be=e #aiac1 are ! editio pr9ceps1 ,julius ,firmicus de nativitatibus1 444 ,impressum ,v5etiis p] ,symonem papi5sem dictum bivilaqua1 #adig die #ac ,iunii1 cxv fols42 ! ,ald9e edition ( #adii conta9+ app>5t int]polations1 ,julii ,firmici ,a/ronomicorum libri octo integri et em5dati ex ,scy?icis oris ad nos nup] allati44442 & ! ,basel editions ( #aecc & #aeea by ,m4 ,pruckn] :i* reproduce ! ,ald9e text4 ,see ,kroll et ,skuts*1 ,,ii1 xxxiii1 = ano!r reproduction ( ! ,ald9e text1 pr9t$ 9 #aejc1 & p4 xxviii = a p>tial edition ( books #c-e ( ! ,ma!sis 9 #adhh & #adid 9 ,opus ,a/rolabii plani 444 a ,iohanne ,angeli4 #bbac ,kroll et ,skuts*1 ,i1 #c1 #bg4 #bbad ,boll 9 ,,pw1 ,,vi1 #bcfe4 #bbae ,h]mes1 ,,xxix1 #dfh-gb4 ,! treatise c\ld n h be5 compos$ be=e #ccd s9ce ,firmicus 7,i1 #ac1 #bc7 ref]s to an eclipse 9 ! consul%ip ( ,optatus & ,paul9us :i* occurr$ 9 t ye>4 #bbaf ,= in/ance1 at ,i1 #cg1 #be1 8,con/ant9us scilicet maximus divi ,con/ant9i filius10 might z well be r5d]$1 8,con/antius1 son ( ,con/ant9e10 z 8,con/ant9e1 son ( ,con/antius40 #bbag ,i1 #a1 #c1 8,olim tibi hos libellos1 ,mavorti decus no/rum1 me dicaturum esse promis]am v]um diu me incon/antia v]ecundiae ret>davit40 #bbah ,i1 #aie-f4 #bbai ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 ,,xvi1 #h1 #e1 8iubetur ,mavortius1 tunc praefectus praetorio1 vir sublimis con/antiae1 crim5 acri inquisitione spect>i40 #bbbj ,ziegl]1 p4 #g1 8,physica ratio quam dicis1 alio g5]e celetur02 p4 #i1 8quod dicant physica ratione conpositum40 #bbba ,ziegl]1 p4 #e4 #bbbb ,ziegl]1 p4 #bc4 #bbbc ,kroll et ,skuts*1 ,i1 #hf1 #ab-ba4 #bbbd ,ziegl]1 pp4 #ae1 #ch1 #ci1 #fd1 #fg1 #ha1 #hb1 8sacratissimi imp]atores02 pp4 #ca1 #dj1 8sacrosancti pr9cipes02 p4 #fe1 8sanct>um aurium ve/r>um40 #bbbe ,ziegl]1 pp4 #ec-d4 #bbbf ,kroll et ,skuts*1 ,i1 #ag-ah4 #bbbg ,see my 8,a ,roman ,a/rolog] z a ,hi/orical ,s\rce10 ,classical ,philology1 ,,viii1 #dae-ce1 especially p4 #dba4 #bbbh ,i1 #af1 #bj1 8,summo illi ac rectori deo1 qui omnia p]petua legis dispositione composuit44440 #bbbi ,i1 #af1 #ad2 ,i1 #eg1 #b2 ,i1 #ij1 #aa1 to #ia1 #aj4 #bbcj ,i1 #bhj1 #b-bh4 #bbca ,besides ! pray] j quot$1 see ,i1 #ah1 #aj-ac4 ,see also ! long pray] at ! end ( ! fir/ book to ! planets & supreme ,god = ! successful cont9uance ( ! dyna/y ( ,con/ant9e4 #bbcb ,i1 #ah1 #be-i4 #bbcc ,i1 #he-hi 7,book ,,ii1 *apt] #cj74 #bbcd ,i1 #ag1 #b-bc4 #bbce ,i1 #aj1 #c-4 #bbcf ,i1 #aa1 #g-4 #bbcg ,book ,i1 ,*apt] #d 7,i1 #aa-ae74 #bbch ,book ,i1 ,*apt] #g 7,i1 #ai-cj74 #bbci ,= a full] exposition ( ?is quantitative me?od ( s\rce-analysis & ! results obta9$ !reby see ,?orndike 7#aiac71 pp4 #dae-ce4 #bbdj ,temple-robb]s1 #e2 s]vile or ignoble employ 9 temples1 #e2 sp5d+ "o's "t 9 temples1 #d2 build]s ( temples1 #c2 b5efici>ies ( temples1 #c2 temple gu>ds1 #b2 neocori1 #c2 & s on1 mak+ #ce ref]5ces to temples 9 all4 ,x is p]haps wor? rem>k+ t ,h4 ,o4 ,taylor1 ,! ,classical ,h]itage1 #aija1 p4 #hj1 notes t ,synesius ab\t #djj ,a4 ,d4 speaks ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es at ,con/ant9ople z 8temples40 #bbda ,*ief prie/s1 #e2 prie/s1 #i2 ( prov9ces1 #a2 prie/ess1 #a2 prie/s ( ,cybele 7ar*igalli71 #c2 ,asi>*ae1 #a2 prie/ ( "s great goddess1 #a2 illicit rites1 #a4 ,!re are #bg passages conc]n+ div9ation4 #bbdb ,kroll et ,skuts*1 ,i1 #adh1 #h & #abc1 #d4 #bbdc ,kroll et ,skuts*1 ,i1 #bja1 #f4 #bbdd ,cumont says 7,ori5tal ,religions 9 ,roman ,paganism1 p4 #ahh73 8,b ! anci5ts expressly di/+ui%$ #8magic1' :i* 0 always "u suspicion & disapprov$ (1 f ! legitimate & honorable art = :i* ! "n #8!urgy' 0 inv5t$40 ,?is di/9ction 0 made by ,porphyry & o!rs1 & is allud$ to by ,augu/9e 9 ! ,city ( ,god1 b x is to be not$ t ,firmicus does n use ! ^w 8!urgy40 ,cumont also /ates 7p4 #agi7 t 9 ! la/ p]iod ( paganism ! "n philosoph] 0 f9ally appli$ to all adepts 9 occult sci5ce4 ,b 9 ,firmicus1 :ile magic & philosophy are associat$ 9 two passages1 !re are five o!r allusions to magic & ?ree sep>ate m5tions ( philosoph]s4 #bbde ,kroll et ,skuts*1 ,i1 #afa1 #bf4 #bbdf ,computus1 #c2 calculus1 #b2 & 8^? :o excel at numb]s10 #a4 #bbdg ,includ+ two m5tions ( c\rt physicians 7ar*iatri74 ,see ,codex ,!od41 ,lib4 ,,xiii1 ,tit4 #c1 passim1 = _! position4 #bbdh ,i leave ?is s5t5ce z ,i wrote x 9 #aiac4 #bbdi ,ae/us animi1 #e2 insanity1 #ac2 lunatics1 #aj2 epileptics1 #h2 melan*olia1 #c2 inflammation ( ! bra9 7fr5etici71 #d2 delirium1 dem5tia1 demoniacs1 ali5ation1 & madness1 "o or two ea*2 vague allusions to m5tal ills & injuries1 #e4 #bbej ,9 8 la/ *apt] he says1 8,take !n1 my de> ,mavortius1 :at ,i promis$ y ) extreme trepidation ( _s1 ^! sev5 books compos$ con=mably to ! ord] & numb] ( ! sev5 planets4 ,= ! fir/ book deals only ) ! def5se ( ! art2 b 9 ! o!r books we h transmitt$ to ! ,romans ! discipl9e ( a new "w10 7,,ii1 #cfj1 #aj-ae74 ,& 9 ! introduction to ! fif? book he writes1 8,we h writt5 ^! books = y\r ,romans le/1 :5 e o!r art & sci5ce _h be5 translat$1 ?is task %\ld seem to rema9 unattempt$ by ,roman g5ius10 7,i1 #bhj1 #bh-cj74 #bbea ,i1 #da1 #g & #ae2 ,i1 #dj1 #i-aa4 #bbeb ,i1 #da1 #e & #aa2 ,i1 #dj1 #h4 #bbec ,!y are li/$ by ,kroll et ,skuts*1 ,,ii1 #cfb1 ,index auctorum4 #bbed ,,ii1 #bid1 #ab-ba4 #bbee ,kroll et ,skuts*1 ,,ii1 p4 iii4 #bbef ,i1 #beh1 #aj1 89 s+ul>i libro1 quem de dom9o g5iturae et *ronocratore ad ,mur9um no/rum scripsimus02 ,,ii1 #bbi1 #bc1 8exeo libro qui de f9e vitae a nobis scriptus e/40 #bbeg ,,ii1 #ah1 #bd2 ,,ii1 #bhc1 #ai4 #bbeh ,engelbre*t1 ,heph/ion von ,!b5 und se9 a/rologis*es ,comp5dium1 ,vi5na1 #ahhg4 #bbei ,de vita sua1 9 ,libanii sophi/ae praeludia oratoria ,,lxxii declamationes ,,xlv et diss]tationes morales1 ,f$]icus ,morellus regius int]pres e ,,mss maxime reg4 biblio!cae nunc primum edidit idemque ,lat9e v]tit 444 ad ,h5ricum ,,iv regem ,*ri/ianissimum1 ,p>is1 #afjf1 ,,ii1 #ae-ah4 #bbfj ,magi accusatio1 ,ibid41 ,i1 #hih-iaa4 #bbfa ,de vita sua1 ,op]a1 ,,ii1 #b-c4 #bbfb ,x1 #aif1 #aa1 ,de sepulcro incantato4 #bbfc ,my citations ( ,synesius' works1 unless o!rwise not$1 are f ! edition3 ,synesii ,cyr5aei ,quae ,extant ,op]a ,omnia1 ed4 ,j4 ,g4 ,krab+]1 ,l&%ut1 #ahej1 vol4 ,i1 :i* has alone appe>$4 ,! old] edition ( ,petavius ) ,lat9 translation is repr9t$ 9 ,migne ,,pg1 vol4 #ff1 #ajba-agef4 ,= a ,fr5* translation1 ) sev]al introductory essays1 see ,h4 ,druon1 uvres de ,synsius1 ,p>is1 #ahgh4 ,! ,lett]s & ,hymns h (t5 be5 publi%$ sep>ately4 ,= ?is & o!r fur!r bibliography see ,*ri/1 ,ges*4 d4 grie*4 ,litt41 #aiac1 ,,ii1 ii1 #aafg-ga1 :]e1 h[ev]1 no note is tak5 ( ,b]!lot's discussion ( ,synesius z a reput$ au?or ( al*emi/ic treatises4 ,"s works on ,synesius are3 ,h4 ,druon1 tudes sur la vie et les uvres de ,synsius1 ,p>is1 #ahei2 ,r4 ,volkmann1 ,synesius von ,cyr5e1 ,b]l91 #ahfi2 ,w4 ,s4 ,craw=d1 ,synesius ! ,hell5e1 ,london1 #aija2 ,g4 ,grtzma*]1 ,synesios von ,kyr5e1 ,leipzig1 #aiac4 ,9 p]iodicals3 ,f4 ,x4 ,kraus 9 ,!ol4 ,qu>tals*rift1 #ahfe & #ahff2 ,o4 ,seeck1 9 ,philologus1 #ahic4 #bbfd ,see ,craw=d1 op4 cit41 & monographs li/$ 9 ,*ri/1 op4 cit41 p4 #aafh1 notes #d & #h4 #bbfe ,! date is v>i\sly /at$ z #daa1 #djf1 or #daj4 #bbff ,a4 ,j4 ,kleffn]1 ,synesius von ,cyr5e 444 und se9 angebli*] ,vorbehalt bei se9] ,wahl und ,weihe zum ,bis*( von ,ptolemais1 ,pad]born1 #aija4 ,h4 ,ko*1 ,synesius von ,cyr5e bei se9] ,wahl und ,weihe zum ,bis*(1 9 ,hi/4 ,jahrb41 ,,xxiii 7#aijb71 pp4 #gea-gd4 #bbfg ,*ri/1 op4 cit41 p4 #aafh1 note #a4 #bbfh ,ibid41 p4 #aagj1 cit+ ,k4 ,pr*t]1 9 ,g5e?liakon fr ,c4 ,rob]t1 #aiaj1 p4 #bdd1 et seq4 #bbfi 7,on dreams71 *4 #b4 #bbgj 7,on ,dreams71 *4 #c4 1 1 1 4 2 ' 1 4 ' 1 1 1 4444 ,evid5tly ,synesius did n reg>d ! magi z m]e impo/]s4 #bbga 1 *4 #c4 1 4 ,9 8 ,praise ( ,baldness 7 71 *4 #aj1 ,synesius tells h[ ! ,egyptians attract demons by magic influ5ces4 #bbgb 1 *4 #a4 4 #bbgc ,ibid41 *4 #ah4 #bbgd ' 4 #bbge 1 *4 #aj4 #bbgf 1 bk4 ii1 *4 #g4 #bbgg 1 *4 #e4 #bbgh 1 *4 #g4 1 *4 #d4 1 #d1 #di1 & #adb4 #bbgi ,on ,synesius z an al*emi/ see ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 pp4 #fe1 #ahh-ij2 7#ahhi71 p4 ix4 #bbhj ,t4 ,r4 ,glov]1 ,life & ,lett]s 9 ! ,f\r? ,c5tury ,a4 ,d41 ,cambridge1 #aija1 p4 #ahg1 note #a4 #bbha ,saturnalia1 ,i1 xvi1 #ab4 #bbhb ,comm5t>y on ! ,dream ( ,scipio1 ,,ii1 #ag1 8,univ]sa philosophiae integritas02 ed4 ,nis>d1 ,p>is1 #ahhc4 #bbhc ,ibid41 ,i1 #e-f2 ,,ii1 #a-b4 #bbhd ,ibid41 ,i1 #g4 #bbhe ,ibid41 ,i1 #ai4 #bbhf ,ibid41 ,i1 #ad4 #bbhg ,glov] 7#aija71 p4 #agh4 #bbhh ,de nuptiis philologiae et m]curii et de septem artibus lib]alibus libri novem1 ,lugduni apud ha]$es ,simonis ,v9c5tii1 #aeci2 ed4 ,u4 ,f4 ,kopp1 ,frankfurt1 #ahcf2 ed4 ,f4 ,eyss5h>dt1 ,leipzig1 #ahff4 #bbhi ,x occurs t[>d ! close ( ! second book4 #bbij ,9 ,kopp's edition pp4 #bjb-bc are almo/ entirely tak5 up ) notes sett+ =? o!r passages 9 ! classics conc]n+ su* spirits4 #bbia ,greek text 9 ,migne1 ,,pg #c1 #aai-cgj4 #bbib ,migne1 ,,pl #abb1 #ajcg-gj4 #bbic ,! foll[+ bibliography includes ! editions ( ! texts conc]n$ & ! *ief critical rese>*es 9 ! field4 ,a4 ,ausfeld1 ,zur ,kritik des grie*is*5 ,alex&]romans2 ,unt]su*ung5 b] die une*t5 ,teile d] lte/5 ,ueb]lief]ung1 ,k>lsruhe1 #ahid4 ,a4 ,ausfeld & ,w4 ,kroll1 ,d] grie*is*e ,alex&]roman1 ,leipzig1 #aijg4 ,h4 ,beck]1 ,die ,brahmann5 9 d] ,alex&]sage1 ,knigsb]g1 #ahhi1 #cd pp4 ,e4 ,a4 ,w4 ,budge1 ,hi/ory ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,press1 #ahhi2 ! ,syriac v]sion ( ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es edit$ f five ,,mss1 ) an ,engli% translation & notes4 ,e4 ,a4 ,w4 ,budge1 ,! ,life & ,exploits ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,press1 #ahif2 ,e?iopic ,hi/ories ( ,alex&] by ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es & o!r writ]s4 ,d4 ,c>r>ioli1 ,la legg5da di ,aless&ro ,magno1 #ahib4 ,g4 ,g4 ,cilli1 ,de ,iulii ,val]ii epitoma ,oxoni5si1 ,/rasburg1 #aije4 ,g4 ,favre1 ,re*]*es sur les hi/oires fabuleuses d',alex&re le ,gr&1 9 ,mlanges d'hi/4 litt41 ,,ii 7#ahef71 #e-ahd4 ,e?1 ,alex&]s ,zug zur ,leb5squelle im ,l&e d] ,f9/]niss1 9 ,atti dell' ,accademia di ,monaco1 #ahga4 ,b4 ,kbl]1 ,julius ,val]ius2 ,res ge/ae ,alex&ri ,mac$onis1 ,leipzig1 #ahhh 7see pp4 xxv-xxvi = fur!r bibliography74 ,levi1 ,la lg5de d',alex&re dans le ,talmud1 9 ,revue des tudes juives1 ,i 7#ahhj71 #bic-cjj4 ,meusel1 ,pseudo-,calli/h5es na* d] ,leid5] ,h&s*rift h]ausgegeb51 ,leipzig1 #ahga4 ,m4 ,p4 ,h4 ,mey]1 ,alex&re le ,gr& dans la littrature franaise du moy5 ge1 #b vols41 ,p>is1 #ahhf4 ,c4 ,mll]1 ,scriptores r]um ,alex&ri ,magni1 ,firm9-,didot1 ,p>is1 #ahdf & #ahgg 7b\nd ) ,arrian1 ed4 ,fr4 ,dbn]72 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,greek text ( ! ,pseudo-,calli/h5es f ?ree ,p>is ,,mss1 also ,julius ,val]ius1 etc4 ,noeldeke1 ,beitrge zur ,ges*i*te des ,alex&]romans1 ,d5ks*rift5 d] ,kais]li*5 ,akademie d] ,wiss5s*aft5 9 ,wi51 ,philos4 ,hi/4 ,classe1 vol4 #ch1 ,vi5na1 #ahij2 ,budge says ( ?is "w1 8,pr(essor ,noeldeke discusses 9 8 *>act]i/ic ma/]ly mann] ! ,greek1 ,syriac1 ,hebrew1 ,p]sian1 & ,arabic v]sions1 & ably %[s h[ ea* is relat$ to ! o!r1 & h[ c]ta9 v>iations 9 ! n>rative h aris54 ,no o!r writ] be=e him 0 able to control1 by k at fir/ h&1 ! /atem5ts ( bo? ! ,aryan & ,semitic v]sions2 8 "w is !re=e ( unique value40 ,padmu?iun ,a*eks&ri ,maketonazwui1 ,i ,w5$ig i dp>ani s]bu9 ,*az>u1 ,hami1 #ahdb2 ! ,arm5ian v]sion publi%$ by ! ,me*it>i/s1 ,v5ice1 #ahdb4 ,f4 ,pfi/]1 ,kle9e ,texte zum ,alex&]roman1 ,heidelb]g1 #aiaj2 ,sammlung vulgrlate9is*] ,texte h]ausg4 v4 ,w4 ,h]aeus u4 ,h4 ,morf1 #d ,heft4 ,spiegel1 ,die ,alex&]sage bei d5 ,ori5tal51 ,leipzig1 #ahea4 ,vogel/e91 ,adnotationes qua$am ex litt]is ori5talibus petitae quae de ,alex&ro ,magno circumf]untur1 ,w>saw1 #ahfe4 ,a4 ,we/]mann1 ,de ,calli/h5e ,olyn?io et ,pseudo-,calli/h5e ,comm5tatio1 #ahch-ahdb4 ,j4 ,za*]1 ,pseudo-,calli/h5es3 ,=s*ung5 zur ,kritik und ,ges*i*te d] lte/5 ,aufzei*nung d] ,alex&]sage1 ,halle1 #ahfg 7see pp4 #b-c = fur!r bibliography ( works writt5 be=e #ahea74 ,j4 ,za*]1 ,julii ,val]ii ,epitome1 zum er/5 mal h]ausgegeb51 ,halle1 #ahfg4 #bbid ,hexaem]on1 ,,vi1 #g4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,augu/9e1 ,de civitate dei1 ,v1 #f-g1 alludes to ! sage :o select$ a c]ta9 h\r = int]c\rse ) 8 wife 9 ord] t he might beget a m>vel\s son4 #bbie ,s5eca 9 ! ,natural ,que/ions 7,,vi1 #bc7 call$ ! dea? ( ,calli/h5es 8! et]nal crime0 ( ,alex&] :i* all 8 milit>y victories & conque/s c\ld n outweigh1--a passage :i* did n keep ,n]o f =c+ ,s5eca to commit suicide4 #bbif ,reitz5/e91 ,poim&res1 ,leipzig1 #aijd1 pp4 #cjh-cji4 #bbig ,res ge/ae ( ,alex&] ( ,mac$on1 conta9$ 9 ?ree ,,mss ( ! ,royal ,libr>y 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 dat+ accord+ to ! catalogue f ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies3 ,royal #ac-;,a-,i1 ,royal #ab-;,c-,,iv1 & ,royal #ae-;,c-,,vi1 are n ! full text ( ,julius ,val]ius1 b ! epitome ( :i* ,i %all soon speak4 #bbih ,! long] epitome is kn[n f an ,ox=d ,,ms1 ,corpus ,*ri/i ,,ms #hb1 & 0 believ$ by ,mey] to be int]m$i>y betwe5 ,val]ius & ! o!r brief] epitome4 ,cilli1 h[ev]1 tries to prove ! %ort] epitome to be ! old]4 #bbii ,alex&ri ,magni ,epi/ola ad ,ari/otelem de mirabilibus ,indiae1 fir/ pr9t$ ) ,synesii ,epi/olae1 graece2 adc$unt aliorum ,epi/olae1 ,v5ice1 #adii2 !n ,bologna1 #aeja2 ,basel1 #aeag2 ,p>is1 #aebj1 fols4 #ajbv-#adv1 foll[+ ! ,pseudo-,ari/otle1 ,secret ( ,secrets2 etc4 ,^! e>ly pr9t$ editions give ! olde/ ,lat9 text1 dat+ back z we h se5 to at lea/ #hjj4 ,"s ,,mss ( ! same v]sion are3 ,,bm ,royal #ac-;,a-,i1 fols4 #eav-#ghr1 a beautifully cle> ,,ms ( ! late #aa? c5tury ) clubb$ /rokes4 ,! ,epi/ola is prec$$ by ! ,epitome ( ,val]ius & foll[$ by ! correspond5ce ) ,d9dimus4 ,royal #ab-;,c-,,iv1 #ab? c5tury4 ,royal #ae-;,c-,,vi1 #ab? c5tury4 ,cotton ,n]o ,d ,,viii1 fol4 #afi4 ,sloane #afai1 #ac? c5tury1 fols4 #ab-ag4 ,arundel #bdb1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #afj-hc4 ,,bl ,laud4 ,misc4 #bdg1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #ahf2 prec$$ at fol4 #aga by ! 8,ortus vita et obitus ,alex&ri ,mac$onis10 & foll[$ at fol4 #aifv by ! lett] to ,d9dimus4 ,,bn ,,mss #bhgd1 #dabf1 #dhgg1 #dhhj1 #ejfb1 #faba1 #fcfe1 #fejc1 #fhca1 #gefa1 #heah1 #heba;,a1 ,epi/ola de it9]e et situ ,indiae2 #hfjg1 ,epi/olae eius nom9e scriptae2 & #bfie;,a1 #fahf1 #fcfe1 #fche1 #fhaa1 #fhca1 #heja;,a1 = ,responsio ad ,d9dimum4 ,,clm #aacai1 #ac? c5tury1 fol4 #hh1 ,alex&ri epi/ola ad ,ari/otelem de rebus 9 ,india ge/is1 prec$$ at fol4 #gb by ! ,epitome & foll[$ at fol4 #ig by ! ,d9dimus4 ,9 ! libr>y ( ,eton ,college an imp]fect copy ( ! ,epi/ola foll[s ,orosius 9 a ,,ms ( ! e>ly #ac? c5tury1 #acc1 ,,bl #d1 #f1 fols4 #her-#hg4 ,a some:at diff]5t & lat] v]sion ( ! ,lett] to ,ari/otle 0 publi%$ 9 #aiaj at ,heidelb]g by ,fri$ri* ,pfi/] f a ,bamb]g ,,ms ( ! #aa? c5tury1 toge!r ) ,palladius & ! correspond5ce ) ,d9dimus4 ,pfi/] believ$ all ^! to be translations f ! ,greek4 ,an ,anglo-,saxon v]sion ( ! ,lett] to ,ari/otle 0 edit$ by ,cockayne 9 #ahfa 7see ,t4 ,wright1 ,,rs #cd2 xxvii74 #bcjj ,,iii1 #ag4 #bcja ,fir/ publi%$ by ,joa*im ,cam]>ius ab\t #aega4 #bcjb ,publi%$ ) ,palladius by ,sir ,edw>d ,bisse 9 #affe2 ,,mss are num]\s4 #bcjc ,f ?is same ,,ms ,pfi/] publi%$ ! ,lett] to ,ari/otle & o!r treatises m5tion$ above4 #bcjd ,its influ5ce w\ld !re=e seem to h be5 ^u ! lat] prose romances & n ^u ,fr5* v]nacul> poetry4 ,kn[n at fir/ only 9 ,italy & ,g]many1 its popul>ity became g5]al 9 we/]n ,europe t[>d ! close ( ! middle ages4 #bcje ,h>leian #ebg1 fols4 #dg-ef4 #bcjf ,amplon4 ,qu>to #ab1 fols4 #bjj-bja2 presumably x includes only ^? *apt]s conc]n$ ) ,nectanebus4 #bcjg ,,cul #adbi 7,gg4 ,i1 #cd71 #ad? c5tury1 ,no4 #e1 #ce fols4 ,also 9 ,,cu ,tr9ity #ajda1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #bjjv-#babv1 8,de ,nectanabo mago quomodo magnum g5u]it ,alex&rum4 ,egipti sapi5tes44440 #bcjh ,,nh ,,xxxvi1 #ad & #ai4 #bcji ,de anima1 cap4 #eg1 9 ,migne1 ,,pl ,,ii1 #gib4 #bcaj ,! =m] built a ,temple ( ,isis1 n[ a heap ( ru9s1 at ,behbit el-,hag> & a colonnade to ! ,temple ( ,hibis 9 ! oasis ( ,khrgeh2 & 8 "n appe>s ^u a gate 9 ! ,temple ( ,mont at ,k>nak4 ,besides ! ,ve/ibule ( ,nektanebos at ,philae !re is a c\rt ( ,nektanebos be=e ! ,temple ( ! ,eighte5? ,dyna/y at ,m$9et ,habu4 #bcaa ,b]!lot 7#ahhe71 pp4 #bi-cj4 #bcab ,! ,syriac v]sion1 on ! contr>y1 emphasizes ?is po9t less4 #bcac ,budge's translation ( ! ,e?iopic v]sion4 #bcad ,,clm #bae1 fols4 #agf-id1 8,egiptiorum g5tem 9 ma!matica magica quam 9 arte fuisse val5tem litt]e tradunt40 #bcae ,pseudo-,calli/h5es1 ,i1 #d1 8ca/]s ( horoscopes1 read]s ( signs1 int]pret]s ( dreams1 v5triloqui/s1 augurs1 g5e?lialogi/s1 ! s-call$ magi to :om div9ation is an op5 book40 ,budge1 ,syriac v]sion1 p4 #d1 8,! int]pret]s ( dreams are ( _m k9ds & ! kn[]s ( signs1 ^? :o und]/& div9ation1 ,*aldean augurs & ca/]s ( nativities2 ! ,greeks call ! signs ( ! zodiac #8sorc]]s'2 & o!rs are c\nt]s ( ! />s4 ,z = me1 all ( ^! are 9 my h&s & ,i myself am an ,egyptian prophet1 a magus1 & a c\nt] ( ! />s40 ,budge1 ,e?iopic ,hi/ories1 p4 #aa1 8,!n ,nectanebus answ]$ & said unto h]1 #8,yea4 ,^? :o h k ( ! orbs ( heav5 are ( _m k9ds4 ,"s are int]pret]s ( dreams1 & "s h k ( :at %all happ5 9 ! future1 & "s und]/& om5s1 & "s ca/ nativities1 & !re are besides all ^? :o "k magic & :o are r5[n$ because !y are le>n$ 9 _! art1 & "s are skill$ 9 ! motion ( ! />s ( heav53 b ,i h full k ( all ^! ?+s4'0 #bcaf ,f ,f[l]'s translation ( ,alex&]3 ! ,false ,prophet4 ,see also ,plut>*'s ,alex&]4 #bcag ,! ,syriac & ,e?iopic v]sions are some:at m detail$ z to ! magic by :i* ,philip's dream 0 produc$4 ,budge1 ,syriac v]sion1 p4 #h1 8,!n ,nectanebus 444 br\ght a hawk & mutt]$ ov] x 8 *>ms & made x fly away ) a small quantity ( a drug1 & t night x %ew$ ,philip a dream40 ,budge1 ,e?iopic ,hi/ories1 p4 #ba1 8,!n ,nectanebus took a swift bird & mutt]$ ov] x c]ta9 *>ms & names1 & 444 9 "o day & "o night x trav]s$ _m l&s & c\ntries & seas1 & x came to ,philip by night & /opp$4 ,& x came to pass at t v h\r 444 t ,philip saw a m>vel\s dream40 #bcah ,9 ano!r place1 h[ev]1 ,alb]t calls ,philip ,alex&]'s fa!r1 ,de causis et proprietatibus elem5torum et planet>um1 ,,ii1 ii1 #a4 #bcai ,! /ory is bett] told 9 ! ,syriac v]sion 7,budge1 #ad-ag71 :]e ,alex&] does n pu% ,nectanebus into ! pit until aft] he has ask$ ! a/rolog] if he kn[s 8 own fate & has be5 told t ,nectanebus is to be sla9 by 8 own son4 ,alex&] !n attempts to foil fate by pu%+ ,nectanebus into ! pit1 b only fulfills x4 ,9 ! ,e?iopic v]sion ,nectanebus is repres5t$ z educat+ ,alex&] f 8 sev5? ye> on 9 8philosophy & lett]s & ! work+ ( magic & ! />s & _! seasons40 ,ari/otle becomes ,alex&]'s tutor only aft] ! dea? ( ,nectanebus4 ,ari/otle1 too1 is repres5t$ z an adept 9 a/rology1 amulets1 & ! use ( magic wax images4 7,budge1 ,e?iopic ,hi/ories1 pp4 #ca1 xlv74 #bcbj ,,vi1 #d4 #bcba ,royal #ac-;,a-,i1 fol4 #ecv4 #bcbb ,9 ,,cu ,tr9ity #addf 7#abej ,a4 ,d47 ,! ,romance ( ,alex&] 9 ,fr5* v]se by ,eu/a*e 7or ,?omas7 ( ,k5t1 among #aeb pictures li/$ by ,james 7,,iii1 #dhc-ia7 are two repres5t+ ! h]o's colloquy ) ! moon tree 7fol4 #car74 ,m>co ,polo also tells ( ^! m>vel\s trees4 ,& see ,r\x de ,ro*elle1 8,notice sur l',arbre du ,soleil1 ou ,arbre ,sec1 dcrit dans la relation des voyages de ,m>co ,polo10 9 ,bullet9 de la ,socit de gographie1 srie #c1 ,,iii 7#ahde71 #ahg-id4 #bcbc ,= ! ,lett] to ,ari/otle ,i h employ$ ! ,p>is1 #aebj edition & ,royal #ac-;,a-,i1 :i* foll[ ! e>ly ,lat9 v]sion4 ,z /at$ above1 ,pfi/]'s edition 7,heidelb]g1 #aiaj7 gives a lat] v]sion probably translat$ f ! ,greek4 #bcbd ,!re appe>s to h be5 no complete edition ( ,atius 9 ,greek4 ,! fir/ eight ( 8 sixte5 books 7 pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aecd1 & ! n9? at ,leipzig 9 #ageg1 b = ! entire sixte5 books "o mu/ use ! ,lat9 translation ( ,corn>ius1 ,basel1 #aedb1 etc41 :i* ,i h read 9 ,/ephanus1 ,m$icae artis pr9cipes1 #aefg4 ,rec5t editions ( portions ( ,atius are3 4 1 pp4 #aab1 #aca1 ,p>is1 #ahib4 ,die ,aug5heilkunde des ,atius aus ,amida1 ,grie*is* und deuts* h]ausg4 von ,j4 ,hirs*b]g1 pp4 xi1 #bjd1 ,leipzig1 #ahii4 ,aetii s]mo sextidecimus et ultimus 7 etc474 ,er/5s aus ,,hss v]ff5tl4 mit ,abbildung51 etc41 v4 ,s4 ,z]vs1 pp4 k'1 #agb1 ,leipzig1 #aija4 1 ed4 ,s4 ,z]bos1 #aiji1 9 1 1 vol4 #ba4 ,my ref]5ces to ,alex&] ( ,tralles are bo? to ! text ( ,/ephanus 7#aefg7 & ! m rec5t edition by ,!odor ,pus*mann1 ,alex&] von ,tralles1 ,orig9altext und b]setzung neb/ e9] e9leit5d5 ,abh&lung1 ,vi5na1 #ahgh-i1 #b vols4 ,?is gives a m critical text ?an any previ\s edition1 b un=tunately ,pus*mann adopt$ /ill ano!r arrangem5t into books ?an ^? ( ! ,,mss & previ\s editions1 & also 9 my op9ion did n make a suffici5t /udy ( ! ,lat9 ,,mss4 ,8 introduction conta9s in=mation conc]n+ ,alex&]'s life & ! ,,mss & previ\s editions ( 8 works4 ,a valuable e>li] /udy on ,alex&] 0 t ( ,e4 ,milw>d1 publi%$ 9 #agcc "u ! title1 ,a ,lett] to ! ,hon\rable ,sir ,hans ,sloane ,b>t41 etc41 & 9 #agcd z ,trallianus ,revivisc5s1 #bbi pp4 ,milw>d 0 prep>+ an edition ( ,alex&] ( ,tralles1 b x 0 nev] publi%$4 ,8 e/imate ( ,alex&]'s position 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ic9e furni%es an incid5tal picture ( int]e/ ( ! /ate ( m$ic9e 9 8 own "t1 ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury4 ,! old ,lat9 translation ( ,alex&] ( ,tralles 0 ! fir/ to be pr9t$ at ,lyons1 #aejd1 ,alex&ri yatros practica cum expositione glose int]l9e>is ,jacobi de ,p>tibus et 7,simonis7 ,janu5sis 9 m>g9e posite2 also ,pavia1 #aebj & ,v5ice #aebb4 ,next appe>$ a v free ,lat9 translation by ,tor9us 9 #aecc & #aeda1 ,p>aphrases 9 libros omnes ,alex&ri ,tralliani4 ,! ,greek text ( ,alex&] 0 fir/ pr9t$ by ,/ephanus 7,rob]t ti5ne7 9 #aedh 7ed4 ,j4 ,g\pyl74 ,! ,lat9 translation by ,gu9!r ( ,&]na*1 :i* is includ$ 9 ,/ephanus 7#aefg71 fir/ appe>$ 9 #aedi1 ,/rasburg1 & 0 repr9t$ a numb] ( times4 ,ano!r "w by ,pus*mann may also be not$3 ,na*trge zu ,alex&] ,trallianus4 ,fragm5te aus ,philum5us und ,philagrius neb/ e9] bi%] no* ung$ruckt5 ,abh&lung b] ,aug5krankheit51 ,b]l91 #ahhf1 9 ,b]l9] ,/udi5 f4 class4 ,philol4 und ,ar*aeol41 ,v1 #b2 #ahh pp41 9 :i* he segregates z fragm5ts ( ,philum5us & ,philagrius portions ( ! text ( ,alex&] z f\nd 9 ! ,lat9 ,,mss4 ,my ref]5ces = ! ,de m$icam5tis ( ,m>cellus apply to ,helmrei*'s edition ( #ahhi 9 ! ,teubn] s]ies4 ,?is edition is bas$ on a s+le ,,ms ( ! n9? c5tury at ,laon :i* ,helmrei* foll[$ ,val5t9 ,rose 9 reg>d+ z ! sole extant codex ( ! "w4 ,z a result ,rose indulg$ 9 +5i\s !ories to expla9 h[ ! editio pr9ceps by ,ianus ,corn>ius1 ,basel1 #aecf1 includ$ ! prefatory lett] & o!r prelim9>y mat]ial n f\nd 9 ! ,laon ,,ms1 ^: fir/ leaves & "s o!rs are miss+4 ,b z a matt] ( fact ,,bn #fhhj1 a cle> & beautifully writt5 ,,ms ( ! n9? c5tury1 conta9s ! ,de m$icam5tis entire ) all ! prelim9>y lett]s4 ,moreov]1 x is evid5t t ! editio pr9ceps 0 pr9t$ directly f ?is ,,ms1 :i* conta9s n only notes by ,corn>ius b ! m>ks ( ! compositors4 ,! text ( ! edition ( #aecf 0 reproduc$ 9 ! m$ical collections ( ,aldus1 ,m$ici antiqui1 ,v5ice1 #aedg1 & ,/ephanus1 ,m$icae artis pr9cipes1 #aefg4 ,jacob ,grimm1 b] ,m>cellus ,burdigal5sis1 9 ,abh&l4 d4 kgl4 ,akad4 d4 ,wiss4 z4 ,b]l9 7#ahdg71 pp4 #dbi-fj1 discusses ! evid5ce = plac+ ,m>cellus "u ! old] ,!odosius1 li/s ! ,celtic words & expressions f\nd 9 ! ,de m$icam5tis1 & also "o hundr$ specim5s ( its folk-lore & magic4 ,?is article 0 repr9t$ 9 ,kle9]e ,s*rift51 ,,ii 7#ahfe71 #aad-ea1 :]e x is foll[$ at pp4 #aeb-gb by a supplem5t>y pap]1 b] die ,m>cellis*5 ,=meln1 likewise repr9t$ f ! ,academy ,proce$+s = #ahee1 pp4 #ea-fh4 ,! magic ( ,m>cellus 0 fur!r treat$ ( by ,r4 ,heim1 ,de rebus magicis ,m>celli m$ici1 9 ,s*$ae philol4 ,h]manno ,us5] oblatae 7#ahia71 pp4 #aai-cg1 :]e he adds nova magica ex ,m>celli libris collata :i* ,grimm _h omitt$4 #bcbe ,m>cellus is (t5 call$ ( ,bordeaux1 notably 9 ,grimm's article1 b] ,m>cellus ,burdigal5sis1 #ahdg2 also by ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 ,! ,gno/ics & _! ,rema9s1 #ahhg1 p4 #bai2 & by ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,i1 #bc2 b !re seems to be no def9ite pro( t he 0 f t city4 ,jules ,comb>ieu1 ,la musique et la magie1 #aiji1 p4 #hg1 says 9 ref]5ce to ! foll[+ incantation recomm5d$ by ,m>cellus1 tetunc resonco bregan gresso1 8,je rem>que en passant qu'il faut frott] l'il en disant ce c>m51 et que dans le patois du ,midi1 brgua ou brge1 signifie frott]4 ,m>cellus1 si je ne me trompe1 tait de ,bordeaux40 ,grimm1 h[ev] 7#ahdg71 p4 #dee1 int]pret$ bregan z 8lies0--8breigan g54 pl4 von breag lge10 & ! :ole l9e z 9 mod]n ,iri% tei? ua9n cre so9 g breigan greasa 78fleu* von uns /aub h9n5 zu d] lg5 g5oss56074 #bcbf ,/ephanus 7#aefg71 ,i1 #cdg1 et seq4 ,= an ,engli% translation ( ! text see ,f4 ,adams1 ,! ,sev5 ,books ( ,paulus ,aeg9eta1 ,london1 #ahdd-ahdg4 #bcbg ,simia ,gali5i1 accord+ to ,gu9!r 9 8 translation ( ,alex&] ( ,tralles1 ,/ephanus 7#aefg71 ,i1 #aca4 #bcbh ,milw>d 7#agcc71 #i-aa4 #bcbi ,john ,fri5d 7or ,fre9d71 ,hi/ory ( ,physick 7#agbe71 ,i1 #big4 #bccj ,pus*mann1 ,hi/ory ( ,m$ical ,education1 #ahia1 p4 #aec4 #bcca ,milw>d 7#agcc71 p4 #aa4 #bccb ,j4 ,f4 ,payne1 ,engli% ,m$ic9e 9 ,anglo-,saxon ,times1 #aijd1 pp4 #ajb-h4 #bccc ,milw>d 7#agcc71 p4 #ai2 ,pus*mann 7#ahgh71 ,i1 #ajd4 #bccd ,*4 ,d>emb]g1 ,hi/oire des ,sci5ces ,mdicales1 ,p>is1 #ahgj1 ,i1 #bdb4 #bcce ,?is g5]al impression receiv$ f read+ _m classical & m$ieval works ,i 0 glad to f9d confirm$ by ,milw>d 7#agcc71 p4 #bi1 9 ! p>ticul> case ( ,alex&] ( ,tralles1 ( :om he writes3 8,z our au?or's /ile is excell5t1 s likewise is 8 me?od1 & !re is no respect 9 :i* he is m di/+ui%$ f ! o!r ,greek writ]s 9 physick ?an 9 ?is4 ,! works ( ,hippocrates1 ,gal51 & inde$ ( all ( !m except x be ,aretaeus are n only v volum9\s b put toge!r ) little or no ord]1 z is evid5t en\gh to all su* z h be5 conv]sant ) !m40 #bccf ,d>emb]g 7#ahgj71 ,i1 #beh-i1 said t a mass ( ,,mss 9 a score ( ,european libr>ies conta9$ z yet unid5tifi$ ,lat9 translations ( ,greek m$ical writ]s4 #bccg ,,bn #ajbcc1 #g? c5tury uncial2 ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afai1 #g-h? c5tury1 demi-uncial2 ,,bn #iccb1 #i? c5tury1 fol4 #a-1 ,oribasii synopsis m$ica2 ,,clm #bcece1 #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #gb & #aab4 ,v4 ,rose1 ,soranus1 #ahhb1 pp4 iv-v1 speaks ( a six? c5tury ,lat9 v]sion ( ,oribasius4 #bcch ,tetrabiblos1 ,,iv1 iii1 #ae4 #bcci ,ibid41 ,i1 iv1 #i1 :]e ,gal5 is n cit$1 & ,,iii1 i1 #i1 :]e ,gal5 is cit$4 ,9 ,gal51 ,de simplicibus1 ,,ix1 ii1 #ai 7,khn1 ,,xii1 #bjg74 #bcdj ,ibid41 ,i1 ii1 #agj1 :]e ,gal5 is n cit$2 ,de simplicibus1 ,,xi1 i1 #a 7,khn1 ,,xii1 #caa-d74 #bcda ,tetrabiblos ,i1 ii1 #age2 ,khn ,,xii1 #cef-i4 ,gal5 is n cit$ 9 ?is1 nor 9 any ( ! foll[+ passages f ! ,tetrabiblos li/$ 9 ! notes1 unless ?is is expressly /at$4 #bcdb ,tetrabiblos at ! beg9n+1 pp4 #f-g 9 ,/ephanus 7#aefg74 #bcdc ,tetrabiblos ,,iv1 i1 #cc2 ,khn ,,xiv1 #bcc1 & ,,xii1 #bej-a4 #bcdd ,tetrabiblos ,i1 ii1 #aji2 ,khn ,,xii1 #bhh4 #bcde ,tetrabiblos ,i1 ii1 #hd2 ,khn ,,xii1 #bec4 #bcdf ,tetrabiblos ,i1 ii1 #hd2 ,khn ,,xii1 #bdh1 #bhd-e4 #bcdg ,tetrabiblos ,i1 ii1 #aaa2 ,khn ,,xii1 #bia-c4 #bcdh ,tetrabiblos ,,ii1 iv1 #cd2 ,khn ,,xii1 #hfj4 ,p]haps a clos] correspond5ce ?an ?is c\ld be f\nd4 ,9 8 prec$+ #ccrd *apt]1 head$ ,curatio erosorum d5tium ex ,gal5o1 ,atius includes use ( ! too? ( a dead dog pulv]iz$ 9 v9eg>1 :i* is to be held 9 ! m\?1 or fill+ ! e> next ! too? ) 8fumigat$ e>?worms0 or ) oil 9 :i* e>?worms h be5 cook$4 #bcdi ,tetrabiblos ,i1 ii1 #di4 #bcej ,tetrabiblos ,,iv1 i1 #ci4 #bcea ,tetrabiblos ,,iii1 iii1 #ce4 #bceb ,tetrabiblos ,,ii1 ii1 #ab4 ,m>cellus1 cap4 #bj 7p4 #ahh7 also speaks ( 8^? :o (t5 ?9k t !y are made sport ( by an incubus40 #bcec ,tetrabiblos1 ,i1 ii1 #agg4 #bced ,tetrabiblos1 ,,iv1 i1 #hf4 #bcee ,tetrabiblos1 ,i1 iii1 #afd4 ,?is passage 0 pr9t$ sep>ately 9 ! ,uranologion ( ,d4 ,petavius1 ,p>is1 #afcj & #agjc4 #bcef ,aga?ias1 ,de imp]io et rebus ge/is ,ju/9iani1 ,p>is1 #ahfj1 p4 #adi4 #bceg ,milw>d 7#agcc71 p4 #ag1 8he travel'd ?r\gh ,greece1 ,gaul1 ,spa91 & sev]al o!r places ^: m5tion we f9d up & d[n 9 8 works40 #bceh ,pus*mann 7#ahgh71 ,i1 #bhh1 4444 #bcei ,milw>d 7#agcc71 p4 #be4 #bcfj ,pus*mann 7#ahgh71 ,i1 #hc4 #bcfa ,milw>d 7#agcc71 p4 #bg4 #bcfb ,pus*mann 7#ahia71 #aeb-c4 #bcfc ,/ephanus 7#aefg71 ,i1 #aca4 #bcfd ,fri5d 7#agbe71 ,i1 #ajf4 #bcfe ,milw>d 7#agcc71 pp4 #fe-f1 #eg et seq4 #bcff ,ibid41 pp4 #ajd1 #ib-c1 #ga4 #bcfg ,ibid41 pp4 #dh-i4 #bcfh ,see ,v4 ,rose1 ,h]mes1 ,,viii1 #ci2 ,anecdota1 ,,ii1 #ajh4 ,i presume t ,,bn #iccb1 #i? c5tury1 fol4 #aci1 8,alex&ri hiatros(i/e !rapeut7i7con0 7libri tres7 is ! free ,lat9 translation 9 a ,p>is ,,ms ( ! n9? c5tury allud$ to by ,d>emb]g 7#ahgj71 ,i1 #beh-i4 ,pus*mann 7#ahgh7 ,i1 #ia-b1 9 a bl9d & inadequate acc\nt ( ! ,lat9 ,,mss1 does n m5tion x1 b li/s a ,monte ,cass9o codex 7#ig7 ( ! #i-aj? c5tury & an ,ang]s ,,ms ( ! #aj-aa? c5tury4 ,he also alludes to a ,,ms at ,*>tres )\t giv+ any numb] or date = x1 b probably has ref]5ce to ,*>tres #cdb1 #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #a-aci1 8,libri tres ,alex&ri ,yatros40 ,he alludes to ,,bn #fhha & #fhhb1 bo? #ac? c5tury1 libri tres de morbis et de morborum curatione2 b n to ,,clm #cdd1 #ab-ac? c5tury1 fols4 #a-fj1 libri ,,iii de m$ic9a1--integra v]sio ,lat9a ,lugduni a4 #aejd edita4 ,o!r ,,mss are3 ,gonville & ,caius #djj1 e>ly #ac? c5tury1 fols4 #dv-#hcv1 8,inc4 ,alex&] yatros sophi/a02 ,royal #ab-;,b-,,xvi1 late #ac? c5tury1 fol4 #aac1 ,practica ,alex&ri4 ,x w be not$ t ! text 9 all ^! ,lat9 ,,mss is 9 only ?ree books1 b x foll[s ! same ord] z ! twelve books4 ,x is also1 at lea/ 9 ! edition ( #aejd1 n z abbreviat$ z "o might inf] f ,rose4 ,r ! lat] editors1 ,albanus ,tor9us & ,gu9!r ( ,&]na*1 seem to h tak5 great] lib]ties )1 & made unw>rant$ additions to ,alex&]'s text4 ,at ! same "t ! e>ly ,lat9 text treats ( "s topics su* z too?a*e :i* are n includ$ 9 ,pus*mann's ,greek text1 & also includes 7,,ii1 #gi-ajc1 & #ajd-ej7 treatm5ts ( diseases ( ! abdom5 & sple5 = :i* !re seems to be no g5u9e ,greek text & :i* ,pus*mann1 ,na*trge1 #ahhf1 has publi%$ sep>ately z fragm5ts ( ,philum5us & ,philagrius1 m$ical writ]s ( ! fir/ & f\r? c5turies4 ,8 *ief reason seems to be t cap4 #gi is entitl$1 ,de reumate v5tris filom9is1 & cap4 #ajd1 ,ad spl5em philogrius1 :ile cap4 #aea is head$1 ,causa que e/ ydropicie alex&ri4 ,^! passages are1 h[ev]1 f\nd 9 ! ,lat9 ,,mss ( ,alex&]'s "w f ! fir/1 & ! use ( ,romance words by ! unkn[n ,lat9 translator indicates t ! translation 0 made 9 ! e>ly m$ieval p]iod1--,pus*mann 7#ahhf71 p4 #ab4 #bcfi ,pus*mann 7#ahgh71 ,i1 #ia4 #bcgj ,z 9 ,v5dme #aji1 #aa? c5tury1 fol4 #a1 ,mulsa ,alex&ri 7,tralliani71 fol4 #fhv1 8,de reuma v5tris1 de libro ,alex&ri0 7n "h ascrib$1 x w be not$1 to ,philum5us71 fol4 #ga1 8,de secundo libro ,alex&ri de cura nefreticorum40 ,! ,mulsa ,alex&ri is f\nd also 9 two o!r #aa? c5tury ,,mss ( ! same libr>y3 ,v5dme #agb1 fol4 #a1 & #age1 fol4 #b4 ,9 ,royal #ab-;,e-,,xx1 #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #adfv-#aeav1 8,incipit lib] diet>um div]s>um m$icorum1 hoc e/ ,alex&ri et aliorum40 ,?is extract1 made up ( a numb] ( ,alex&]'s *apt]s on ! diet suitable 9 diff]5t ailm5ts1 is (t5 f\nd 9 ! ,,mss1 z "h1 ) ! ,pseudo-,pl9y & 0 pr9t$ z its fif? book 9 #aeji & #aeaf4 #bcga ,pus*mann 7#ahgh71 ,i1 #ig4 #bcgb ,milw>d 7#aggc71 p4 #agi4 #bcgc ,?us 9 ,v5dme #aji 7see note #b1 p4 #egg7 besides ! extracts f ,alex&] ( ,tralles we f9d at fol4 #eh1 8,alex&] 7,aphrodisi5sis7 amicus v]itatis 9 t]tio libro suo ubi de febribus commemorat40 ,! ,arabs seem to h confus$ ^! two ,alex&]s3 see ,/e9s*neid] 7#ahfb71 p4 #fa2 ,pus*mann 7#ahgh71 ,i1 #id-e4 #bcgd ,see ! discussion by ,*\lant 9 ,janus 7#ahde71 p4 #eb1 & ,h5s*el 9 ,de ,r5zi 7#aheb-i7 ,,ii1 #aa1 ( a #ab? c5tury ,,ms at ,breslau1 8,lib] ,alex&ri de agnosc5dis febribus et pulsibus et ur9is02 also ,pus*mann 7#ahgh7 ,i1 #aje-f1 conc]n+ ,,bn ,greek ,,ms #bcaf1 :i* seems to be a late ,greek translation ( x1--ano!r in/ance t a ,greek text is n necess>ily ! orig9al4 #bcge ,corpus ,*ri/i #ahi1 #aa-ab? c5tury1 fols4 #a-e1 8,antidotum pigra magni ,alex&ri ,mac$onii quod facit /omaticis epil5ticis40 ,/e9s*neid]1 cit$ by ,pus*mann 7#ahgh7 ,i1 #ajf1 has also not$ ! attribution 9 ,hebrew ,,mss to ,alex&] ! ,great ( a "w on fev]1 ur9e1 & pulse1 presumably id5tical ) t m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+ note4 #bcgf ,/ephanus 7#aefg7 ,i1 #agf1 #bjd1 #baf1 #bbe2 & ,pus*mann1 ,,ii1 #ege1 are a few specim5s4 #bcgg ,amplon4 ,qu>to #bjd1 #ab-ac? c5tury1 fols4 #ij-e1 ,exp]im5torum ,alex&ri m$ici collectio succ9cta4 ,digby #gi1 #ac? c5tury1 fols4 #ahj-ibv1 8,alex&r9a exp]im5ta de libro p]comp5diose extractata meliora ut nobis visum e/ ad s+ulas egritud9es40 ,additional #cdaaa1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #gg1 8,exp]im5ta ,alex&ri10 9 ,engli%4 #bcgh ,/ephanus ,i1 #aef2 ,pus*mann ,,ii1 #efc4 #bcgi ,milw>d 7#agcc71 p4 #afh4 #bchj ,/ephanus ,i1 #cab2 ,pus*mann ,,ii1 #egi4 #bcha ,/ephanus ,i1 #cde1 see also #bif & #cci2 ,pus*mann ,i1 #djg1 #dcg4 #bchb ,/ephanus ,i1 #cab2 ,pus*mann ,,ii1 #egi4 #bchc ,/ephanus ,i1 #aef2 ,pus*mann ,i1 #efe4 #bchd ,/ephanus ,i1 #cde2 ,pus*mann ,i1 #dcg4 #bche 4 #bchf ,= ! passages 9 ?is p>agraph see ,/ephanus ,i1 #aef-g1 #cac2 ,pus*mann ,i1 #efa1 #efg-gc4 #bchg ,/ephanus ,i1 #cab4 #bchh ,/ephanus ,i1 #bha2 ,pus*mann ,,ii1 #dge4 #bchi ,/ephanus ,i1 #bif2 ,pus*mann ,,ii1 #cgg4 #bcij ,/ephanus ,i1 #cac4 #bcia ,/ephanus ,i1 #bif2 ,pus*mann ,,ii1 #cgg4 #bcib ,/ephanus ,i1 #bha2 ,pus*mann ,,ii1 #dge4 #bcic ,/ephanus ,i1 #cad2 ,pus*mann ,,ii1 #ehe4 #bcid ,if ! ,,mss1 :i* ,i h n exam9$1 agree ) ! #aejd edition4 #bcie ,bo? 9 ,,bn #fhhj & ! edition ( ,basel1 #aecf1 8,m>cellus vir inlu/] ex magno (ficio ,!odosii ,s54 filiis suis salutem d7icit740 ,9 ! ,,ms1 h[ev]1 a lat] h& has writt5 above ! n[ fad$ l9e an incorrect copy 9 :i* 8,!odosii ,s540 is replac$ by 8!odosi5si40 ,helmrei* 7#ahhi71 on ! o!r h&1 has replac$ 8ex magno (ficio0 by 8ex magi/ro (ficio40 ,x is p]haps op5 to d\bt :e!r ! 8,s540 goes ) 8,!odosii0 or 8,m>cellus40 #bcif ,cap4 #bj 7#ahhi71 p4 #bjd4 #bcig ,9 ,,bn #fhhj !re are o!r head+s writt5 9 capitals ?an ^? :i* m>k ! op5+s ( ! #cf *apt]s4 #bcih ,cap4 #bi 7#ahhi71 pp4 #cjd-f4 #bcii ,cap4 #ce 7#ahhi71 p4 #cfa4 #bdjj ,cap4 #h 7#ahhi71 p4 #hj4 #bdja ,cap4 #e 7#ahhi71 p4 #di4 #bdjb ,= su* m5tions ( exp]i5ce & exp]im5t see ! foll[+ passages 9 ! #ahhi edition1 numb]s ref]r+ to page & l9e3 #ca1 #g2 #cd1 #c2 #ce1 #ad2 #dd1 #b2 #ec1 #a2 #eh1 #ba2 #fd1 #cd2 #fe1 #cj2 #ff1 #bf2 #gb1 #bb2 #gc1 #g2 #gd1 #b2 #gg1 #i2 #hj1 #bh2 #ha1 #bi2 #hi1 #c & #bi2 #if1 #ad & #ca2 #ajb1 #bg2 #abj1 #cb2 #abc1 #ae2 #abi1 #ba2 #acc1 #aj2 #ade1 #cc2 #adh1 #be2 #adi1 #bf2 #afj1 #ah2 #agf1 #e2 #agh1 #be2 #ahf1 #ae2 #aij1 #bj2 #aib1 #ca2 #baa1 #a2 #bbb1 #ah2 #bbd1 #ca2 #bcj1 #c2 #bce1 #ae2 #bcf1 #ad2 #bci1 #h & #bf2 #bdb1 #h & #bc2 #bdh1 #bj2 #bef1 #i2 #beh1 #e2 #bfd1 #ba2 #bgf1 #ce2 #bha1 #ai & #bg2 #bhb1 #ae2 #cjh1 #ba2 #cab1 #f & #ai & #bb2 #cad1 #be2 #cbf1 #bh2 #cbg1 #ac2 #ccd1 #bi2 #cdc1 #bc2 #cea1 #bc & #be2 #cec1 #d2 #ced1 #ai2 #cef1 #f2 #cfb1 #cb2 #cgj1 #bb & #cg4 #bdjc ,cap4 #ae 7#ahhi71 p4 #adf4 #bdjd ,cap4 #bc 7#ahhi71 p4 #bci4 #bdje ,caps4 #bj & #bd 7#ahhi71 pp4 #bjh & #bdd4 #bdjf ,cap4 #bf 7#ahhi71 pp4 #bfd-f4 #bdjg ,cap4 #bi 7#ahhi71 p4 #caa2 & see cap4 #bh1 p4 #bih4 #bdjh ,cap4 #ab1 p4 #abc4 #bdji ,cap4 #af1 p4 #aff4 #bdaj ,cap4 #bc1 p4 #bch4 #bdaa ,cap4 #cd1 p4 #ceg4 #bdab ,cap4 #h1 p4 #fi4 #bdac ,cap4 #h1 p4 #ff4 #bdad ,cap4 #ab1 p4 #abe4 #bdae ,cap4 #aj1 p4 #aac4 #bdaf ,cap4 #aj1 p4 #aab2 ,,nh #cj1 #aa4 #bdag ,cap4 #h1 p4 #fh2 ,,nh #bi1 #ch4 #bdah ,cap4 #bi1 p4 #cac4 #bdai ,cap4 #bi1 p4 #cad4 ,pl9y has a simil> proc$ure ) a frog & a re$4 #bdbj ,cap4 #bb1 p4 #bcj4 #bdba ,cap4 #cc1 p4 #cdg1 8muli]em v]5daque eius dum cum ea cois tange40 #bdbb ,cap4 #bc1 p4 #bci4 #bdbc ,cap4 #a1 p4 #cd4 #bdbd ,cap4 #be1 p4 #bdg4 #bdbe ,cap4 #ab1 p4 #abf4 #bdbf ,cap4 #ah1 p4 #agh4 #bdbg ,cap4 #ag1 p4 #agf4 #bdbh ,cap4 #cb1 pp4 #ccg1 #cch1 #cdj4 #bdbi ,cap4 #h1 p4 #gj4 #bdcj ,cap4 #ab1 p4 #abc4 #bdca ,cap4 #cf1 p4 #cgi4 ,m>cellus employs ! phrase1 ( c\rse1 to indicate a private or p]sonal incantation1 & z a matt] ( fact x is some:at less absurd ?an a numb] ( o!rs4 #bdcb ,cap4 #bh1 p4 #cja4 #bdcc ,cap4 #bi1 p4 #caj4 ,= fur!r in/ances ( incantations & *>act]s 9 ! ,de m$icam5tis see page #aaj1 l9es #ah-bg2 #aaa1 #bf-cc2 #aab1 #bi-aac1 #b2 #aaf1 #h-aa2 #acc1 #ah-bb1 #bf-ca2 #aci1 #ag-bf2 #adb1 #ai-bf2 #adi1 #d-aa2 #aea1 #ah-cc2 #aeb1 #i-ad1 #ai-bd2 #ahj1 #a-c2 #bbj1 #aa-bj2 #bba1 #b-f2 #bbc1 #ae-ah2 #bda1 #a-f1 #ad-bb2 #bdd1 #bf-bh2 #bdh1 #af-ai2 #bfj1 #bb-bd2 #bie1 #ah-bb2 #ccc1 #i-ae2 #chb1 #af-ah4 #bdcd ,d>emb]g 7#ahgj7 ,i1 #beg-h4 #bdce ,pl9ii ,secundi ,iunioris de m$ic9a libri tres1 ed4 ,v4 ,rose1 ,lipsiae1 #ahge4 ,v4 ,rose1 8,ueb] die ,m$ic9a ,pl9ii10 9 ,h]mes1 ,,viii 7#ahgd7 #ai-ff4 #bdcf ,c4 ,pl9ii ,secundi ,m$ic9a1 ed4 ,?omas ,pigh9uccius1 ,rome1 #aeji4 #bdcg ,codex ,/4 ,gall #gea2 describ$ by ,v4 ,rose1 ,h]mes1 ,,viii1 #dh-ee2 ,anecdota ,,ii1 #ajf4 #bdch ,= ! li/ ( 8 six g5u9e works see above p4 #bbb4 #bdci ,de nota aspirationis & ,de diph?ongis1 ed4 ,osann1 ,d>m/adt1 #ahbf1 ) ,de or?ographia1 a =g]y by a sixte5? c5tury humani/4 #bddj 1 sometimes pr9t$ z ! ?ird book ( ! ,de dogmate ,platonis4 ,"s s*ol>s1 h[ev]1 reg>d x z g5u9e1 & !re are a numb] ( ,,mss ( x f ! #i?1 #aj?1 & #aa? c5turies4 ,see ,s*anz 7#aije71 #abg-h4 #bdda ,see above p4 #bij4 #bddb ,see ,s*anz 7#aije71 #aci-dj4 #bddc ,see bel[ p4 #fhc4 ,s*anz fails to m5tion x among ! apocryphal works ( ,apuleius4 #bddd ,h4 ,kb]t1 ,de ,pseudo-,apulei h]b>um m$icam9ibus1 ,bayreu?1 #ahhh4 ,s*anz 7#aije7 #ach1 m5tions only cont95tal ,,mss1 al?\gh !re are num]\s ,,mss ( x 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & ,bodleian libr>ies1 "s ( :i* h be5 us$ & o!rs describ$ by ,o4 ,cockayne 9 8 edition ( ! ,h]b>ium & ! o!r treatises accompany+ x 9 8 ,lee*doms1 ,wortcunn+1 & ,/>craft ( ,e>ly ,engl&1 ,vol4 ,i 7#ahfd7 9 ,,rs ,,xxxv4 ,nor does ,s*anz note ,cockayne's book4 #bdde ,see ,sloane #aige1 a vellum ,,ms ( ! #ab? or e>ly #ac? c5tury writt5 9 f9e l>ge lett]s & beautifully illum9at$2 ,a%mole #adca1 end ( #aa? c5tury1 & #adfb1 #ac? c5tury1 fol4 #der4 ,h>leian #dihf1 ,apuleii ,platonici de m$icam5tis cum figuris pictis1 is ano!r e>ly illum9at$ ,engli% ,,ms4 ,cockayne ,i1 lxxxii1 does n date x1 b ! ,,mss catalogue li/s x z t5? c5tury4 ,9 ,,cu ,tr9ity #aaeb1 #ad? c5tury1 ,james 7,,iii1 #afb-c7 e/imates ! numb] ( color$ draw+s z betwe5 #hjj & #ajjj2 he describes only a few4 ,s+] 7#aiba7 reproduces a numb] ( su* illum9ations f ,,mss ( ! ,h]b>ium & ( ,dioscorides4 #bddf ,lucca #bcf1 #i-aj? c5tury1 8,h]b>ium ,apuleii ,platonici quem accepit a ,*ironi magi/ro ,a*illis et ab ,escolapio explicit felicit]40 ,9 ,cotton ,vitellius ,c-,,iii1 e>ly #aa? c5tury1 9 ,anglo-,saxon1 al?\gh ! title reads1 8,! ,h]b>ium ( ,apuleius ! ,platoni/ :i* he receiv$ f ,esculapius & ,*iron ! c5taur1 ! ma/] ( ,a*illes10 a full page pa9t+ %[s ,plato & ,*iron receiv+ ! volume f ,aesculapius 7,cockayne1 ,i1 lxxxviii74 ,& ,sloane #aige & ,h>leian #aehe speak ( ! ,h]b>ium z 8,lib] ,platonis ,apoli5sis40 ,9 a #ae? c5tury ,,ms 7,rawl9son ,c-#cbh1 fol4 #aacv-1 ,incipit de h]bis ,gali5i ,apolei et ,cic]onis7 ,gal5 & ,cic]o1 :o p]haps replace ,*iron & ,aesculapius1 are associat$ ) ,apuleius z au?ors4 #bddg ,d>emb]g 7#ahec71 #aa-ab1 said t ! pagan incantations 7 pres]v$ intact 9 a numb] ( ,,mss at ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,conjurations ( h]bs are n limit$ to ! ,pseudo-,apuleius 9 m$ieval ,,mss b sometimes occur s+ly z 9 ,p]ugia #gcf1 #ac? c5tury1 :]e at fol4 #bfg a #ad? c5tury h& has add$ a passage 9 ,lat9 :i* may be translat$3 8,9 ! "n ( ,*ri/1 ,am54 ,i conjure y1 h]b1 t ,i may conqu] by "l ,pet] etc4 by moon & />s etc4 & may y conqu] all my enemies1 pontiff & prie/s & all laym5 & all wom5 & all lawy]s :o are aga9/ me etc40 ,9 ,sloane #aega1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #a-f1 at ! close ( fragm5ts ( a ,lat9-,engli% diction>y ( h]bs is a ,lat9 pray] entitl$1 ,b5$ictio omnium h]b>um4 #bddh ,! above passages are f ,sloane #aige & ! edition ( #aedg4 #bddi ,a%mole #adca1 #aa? c5tury1 fol4 #cr1 8,9 nom9e dom9i incipit h]boralium apuleii platonis quod accepit ascolapio et *irone c5tauro magi/ro4 ,lege felicit]4 ,precantatio omnium h]b>um ad s+ulas curas40 ,,cu ,tr9ity #aaeb1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #a4 ,gonville & ,caius #cde1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #hiv4 #bdej ,or ,papyri5sis ,placitus4 #bdea ,p]haps m]ely = 8auctor40 ed4 ,fabricius1 ,bibl4 ,graec4 ,,xiii1 #cie-dbc1 ,sexti ,placiti lib] de m$ic9a ex animalibus4 #bdeb ,9 ,montpelli] #bgg1 #ae? c5tury1 8,lib] ,se/i platonis de animalibus10 p]haps because ! ,apuleius ( ! ,h]b>ium is call$ a ,platoni/4 ,9 ,digby #dc1 late #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #ae1 8,lib] ,septiplanti ,papi5sis de be/iis et avibus m$ic9alis40 ,9 ,rawl9son ,c-#cbh1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #abh1 8,incipit lib] ,papiri5sis ex animalibus ex avibus40 ,! "w is sometimes f\nd 9 juxtaposition ) a some:at simil> 8,lib] m$ic9alis de secretis ,gali5i10 conc]n+ :i* see bel[1 *apt] #fd1 ,,ii1 #gfa4 #bdec ,v4 ,rose 7#ahge7 #ccg-h sugge/s t ?is is a fragm5t f a full] "w ( ,aesculapius to ,augu/us cit$ by ,?omas ( ,cantimpr1 ,alb]tus ,magnus1 & ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais4 ,see also ,pet] ( ,abano1 ,de v55is1 cap4 #e1 89 epi/ola ,esculapii philosophi ad ,octavianum40 ,b p]haps ^! writ]s ref] to ! entire "w ( ,sextus ,papirius4 #bded ,ed4 ,ruellius1 ) ,scribonius ,l>gus1 ,p>is1 #aebi4 #bdee ,9 a lat] m$ieval vocabul>y taxus is giv5 z a synonym = ! animal call$ camaleon3 ,alphita1 ed4 ,d>emb]g f ,,bn #fied & #fieg 9 ,de ,r5zi1 ,collectio ,sal]nitana1 ,,iii1 #bgb-cbb4 #bdef ,cotton ,vespasian ,b1 ,x1 #f4 #bdeg ,h>leian #chei1 call$ t5? c5tury 9 ! ,h>leian catalogue :i* is (t5 incorrect 9 its dat+1 b #aa? or #ab? c5tury by d',avezac1 ,momms5 9 8 edition ( ,sol9us1 & ,beazley1 ,dawn ( ,geography1 ,i1 #ebc4 ,royal #ae-;,b-,,ii & #ae-;,c-,,iv1 bo? ( ! #ab? c5tury4 ,= o!r ,,mss at ,p>is1 ,leyd51 & ,rome see ,beazley1 op4 cit4 #bdeh ,b aft] all is ,suetonius any m respectable a hi/orian ?an ,ae?icus & ,sol9us are geograph]s8 #bdei ,bunbury1 ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,geography1 ,,ii1 ,app5dix3 8,h[ ,m4 ,wuttke c atta* any value to su* a production is to me q incompreh5sible2 /ill m t he %\ld ascribe ! translation to ! great ecclesia/ical writ]10 ,j]ome4 ,bunbury believ$ t ! "w 0 n e>li] ?an ! sev5? c5tury4 ,beazley1 ,dawn ( ,geography1 ,i1 #cee-fc1 is ( ! same op9ion4 #bdfj ,9 8 edition ( ,sol9us1 p4 xxvii1 he cont5ds t c]ta9 passages :i* ,wuttke po9t$ out z common to ,ae?icus & ,sol9us are borr[$ by ,ae?icus f ,isidore :o di$ 9 #fcf4 #bdfa ,h>leian #chei4 #bdfb ,/eele1 ,op]a hact5us in$ita1 #aije1 ,fasc4 ,i1 pp4 #a-b4 #bdfc ,,cul #bac1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #ajcv-#ad1 8,qui hunc librum legit intelligat ,e?icum philosophum non omnia dixisse que hic scripta sunt1 set ,sol9us 7s ,james1 b ,j]onimus 9 d',avezac1 p4 #bcg7 qui eum tran/ulit s5t5tias v]itati consonas ex libro eiusdem exc]psit et easdem te/imonias scripture no/re confirmavit4 ,non enim erat i/e philosophus ,*ri/ianus s$ ,e?nicus et pr(essione ,a*ademicus40 #bdfd ,bridges ,i1 #bfg-h4 #bdfe ,cit$ by d',avezac1 pp4 #beg & #bfg4 #bdff ,vi5na #bbgb1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #ib1 ,de v9demiis a ,burgundione translatus3 ,p>s ,geoponicorum4 #bdfg ,su* is ! view set =? 9 ,,pw ,geoponica4 #bdfh ,h4 ,beckh1 ,geoponica sive ,cassiani ,bassi s*ola/ici de re ru/ica eclogae1 ,lipsiae1 ,teubn]1 #ahie4 ,,pw criticizes ?is edition z 8leid] vllig v]fehlt540 ,its preface li/s ! e>li] editions4 #bdfi ,geoponica1 ,,vii1 #e2 ,,ii1 #ae4 #bdgj ,,vii1 #aa2 ,,xv1 #a4 #bdga ,i1 #ab2 ,,vii1 #ac2 etc4 #bdgb ,,xv1 #a4 #bdgc ,r4 ,heim1 ,incantam5ta magica graeca lat9a1 9 ,jahrb4 f4 class4 ,philologie1 ,suppl4 ,bd4 #ai1 ,leipzig1 #ahic1 pp4 #dfc-egf1 drew f ! ,geoponica #ac out ( 8 total ( #bde in/ances ( incantations f ,greek & ,lat9 lit]ature4 #bdgd ,,vii1 #ad4 #bdge ,,xiii1 #ae4 #bdgf ,! fir/ two volumes1 publi%$ at ,b]l9 9 #aijg1 #aijf1 cov]$ ! fir/ f\r ( ! five g5u9e books4 ,a previ\s attempt 0 ,k4 ,spr5gel's edition 9 vols4 #be-bf ( ,c4 ,j4 ,khn's ,m$ici ,graeci1 ,leipzig1 #ahbi4 ,on ! textual hi/ory & problems see fur!r ,wellman's articles3 8,dioskurides0 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a1 & 9 ,h]mes1 ,,xxxiii1 7#ahih7 #cfj;ff4 #bdgg 1 1 1 1 1 is ano!r ord] sugge/$4 #bdgh ,! ,,ms is said by ,s+] 7#aiba7 #fj1 to h n[ be5 remov$ f ,vi5na to ,/4 ,m>k's ,libr>y at ,v5ice2 x 0 procur$ f ,con/ant9ople 9 #aeee = ! future ,emp]or ,maximilian ,,ii 7#aefd-aegf74 ,a photographic copy 0 publi%$ 9 #aijf 9 ! ,leid5 ,collection1 ,codices ,graeci et ,lat9i1 by ,a4 ,w4 ,sij?(f1 ) an introduction by ,a4 von ,prem]/e91 ,c4 ,wessely1 & ,j4 ,mantuani 7,c4 ,wessely1 ,codex ,anciae ,iulianae1 etc41 #aijf74 ,see also ,a4 v4 ,prem]/e9 9 ! ,au/rian ,jahrbu* 7#aijc7 ,,xxiv1 #aje;ff4 ,i h exam9$ ! facsimile ( ?is ,,ms & f\nd ! l>ge b fad$ & p>tially oblit]at$ illum9ations :i* prec$e ! text r disappo9t+ aft] hav+ read ! description ( !m 9 ,dalton's ,byzant9e ,art1 7#aiaa7 #dfj-fa1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i presume is accurate & s reproduce "h4 ,^! l>ge illum9ations include a portrait ( ,juliana ,anicia1 an ornam5tal peacock ) tail spread1 gr\ps ( doctors engag$ 9 m$ical discussions1 & ,dioscorides himself seat$ writ+1 & aga9 seat$ on a fold+ /ool receiv+ ! h]b m&ragora 7:i*1 ( c\rse1 0 a m$ieval favorite7 f a female figure p]sonify+ ,discov]y 771 8:ile 9 ! =egr\nd a dog dies 9 agony10 presumably f ! fatal effects ( ! h]b4 ,!re are r\gh reproductions ( ?is la/ picture 9 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann1 ,hi/ory ( ,pa9t+1 ,i1 #aib-c1 & ,s+] 7#aiba7 #fb4 ,:5 ! text prop] beg9s ! illum9ations are conf9$ to m$ic9al plants4 ,o!r e>ly ,greek manuscripts are ! ,codex ,neapolitanus1 =m]ly at ,vi5na1 n[ at ,/4 ,m>k's1 ,v5ice1 an eigh? c5tury palimpse/ f ,bobbio1 & a ,p>is codex1 7,,bn ,greek #bagi7 ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,an ,arabic translation f ! ,greek seems to h be5 made ab\t #hej2 a c5tury lat] ! ,byzant9e emp]or s5t a ,greek manuscript ( ,dioscorides to ! caliph 9 ,spa94 ,= ! full text ( ! ,de mat]ia m$ica we are dep5d5t on ,,mss ( ! #aa?1 #ab?1 #ac? & lat] c5turies4 #bdgi & 1 edit$ by ,spr5gel 9 ,khn 7#ahcj71 ,,xxvi1 z 0 ! 4 ,! 1 78,exp]im5tal ,ph>macy071 ( :i* a ,lat9 v]sion1 ,alphabetum empiricum1 sive ,dioscoridis et ,/ephani ,a!ni5sis 444 de rem$iis exp]tis1 0 edit$ by ,c4 ,wolf1 ,zri*1 #aeha1 is an alphabetical arrangem5t by diseases ascrib$ to ,dioscorides & ,/eph5 ( ,a!ns 7& o!r writ]s74 #bdhj ,max ,wellmann1 ,die ,s*rift des ,dioskurides 1 #aiad1 & col4 #aadj ( 8 article 8,dioskurides0 9 ,pauly-,wiss[a4 #bdha ,de in/4 div4 lit4 cap4 #ca4 #bdhb ,v4 ,rose 9 ,h]mes ,,viii1 #ch;,a4 ,h>leian #dihf1 fol4 #ddv1 8444 m>cell9e libellum botanicon ex dioscoridis libris 9 lat9um s]monem conv]sum 9 quo depicte sunt h]b>um figure ad te misi44440 #bdhc ,he9ri* ,kae/n]1 ,kritis*es und ,exegetis*es zu ,pseudo-,dioskorides de h]bis fem99is1 ,reg5sburg1 #ahif2 text 9 ,h]mes ,,xxxi 7#ahif7 #egh-fcf4 ,s+] 7#aiba7 #fh1 gives z ! e>lie/ ,,ms1 ,rome ,b>b]9i ,,ix1 #bi1 ( #i? c5tury4 ,"s o!r ,,mss are3 ,,bn #abiie1 #i? c5tury2 ,additional #hibh1 #aa? c5tury1 fol4 #fbv-2 ,a%mole #adca1 end ( #aa? c5tury1 fols4 #cav-#dc1 8,incipit lib] ,dioscoridis ex h]bis fem9is02 ,sloane #aige1 #ab? or e>ly #ac? c5tury1 fols4 #div-#gc2 ,h>leian #aehe1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #gi-2 ,h>leian #ebid1 #ab? c5tury2 ,tur9 ,k-,,iv-#c1 #ab? c5tury1 #e1 8,incipit lib] dioscoridis m$ic9e ex h]bis fem99is num]o ,,lxxi 444_/ 444 ,lib] m$ic9e dioscoridis de h]bis fem99is et mascul9is explicit felicit]40 ,9 ,vi5na #ecga1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #abav-#abdv1 is a brief] ,lat9 treatise ascrib$ to ,dioscordes1 :i* beg9s ) ! h]b ari/ologia & m5tions silk 7s]icum7 at its close4 ,i h n se5 ! ,,ms b f ! title1 ,quid pro quo1 & ! fact t ! writ] d$icates x to 8 uncle1 "o might fancy t x 0 a "w writt5 by ,adel>d ( ,ba?'s nephew 9 return = ! ,natural ,que/ions ( 8 uncle4 7,see bel[1 *apt] #cf74 #bdhd ,h]mes ,,viii1 #ch1 comp>+ ,etymologies ,,xvii1 #ic1 ) cap4 #cj ( ! ,de h]bis fem99is4 #bdhe ,anecdota graeca et graeco-lat9a1 ,b]l91 #ahfd1 ,,ii1 #aae & #aai2 ,h]mes ,,viii1 #ch2 ,wellmann 7#aijf71 p4 xxi4 #bdhf ,,bn #iccb1 #h? c5tury2 ,,clm #ccg1 #i-aj? c5tury f ,monte ,cass9o2 ed4 ,t4 ,m4 ,aura*] et ,h4 ,/adl]1 9 ,rom4 ,=s*4 ,i1 #di-aje2 ,x1 #aha-bdg & #cfh-ddf2 ,,xi1 #a-aba2 ,,xii1 #afa-bdc4 #bdhg ,cod4 ,bam4 ,l-,,iii-#i4 #bdhh ,,pw 8,dioskurides40 ,a fairly e>ly ,,ms is ,,cu ,jesus #dd1 #ab-ac? c5tury1 fols4 #ag-ader1 8diascorides p] modum alphabeti de virtutibus h]b>um et compositione ol]um40 ,i h n se5 x b1 if correctly dat$1 x & ,bologna ,univ]sity ,libr>y #cgh1 #ab? c5tury1 :i* is said to diff] f ! pr9t$ editions1 are too e>ly to be ,pet] ( ,abano's v]sion4 #bdhi ,explicit dyascorides quem petrus paduan5sis leg5do corexit et expon5do quae utiliora sunt 9 lucem d$uxit1 ,colle1 #adgh4 ,dioscorides dige/us alphabetico ord9e additis annotatiunculis brevibus et tractatu aqu>um1 ,lugduni1 #aeab4 ,& see ,*ap4 #gj1 ,app5dix ,,ii4 #bdij ,i h read x 9 ,,bn #fhbj1 fol4 #ar1 z well z 9 ! #adgh edition4 #bdia ,a "w by ,s]apion :i* ,simon ,cordo ( ,g5oa translat$ f ,arabic into ,lat9 ) ! help ( ,abraham1 a ,jew ( ,tortosa4 ,s]apion /ates at ! beg9n+ t 8 "w is a comb9ation ( ,dioscorides & ( ! "w ( ,gal5 on m$ic9al simples4 ,aggregator 0 pr9t$ 9 #adgi1 ,lib] ,s]apionis aggregatus 9 m$ic9is simplicibus4 ,translatio ,symonis ,ianu5sis int]prete ,abraam iudeo tortuosi5si de arabico 9 lat9um4 #bdib ,ruska 7#aiab71 p4 #e1 says t ,dioscorides1 ,v1 #hd-acc1 among o!r ?+s describes 8e9e ganze ,reihe von h*/ zweifelhaft5 ,/e95 mit unglaubli*5 ,wirkung5 die 9 d5 ,arabis*5 ,arzneimittelv]zei*niss5 und ,/e9b*]n ni$]kehr540 #bdic ,amplon4 ,folio #da1 fols4 #cf-g2 ,montpelli] #bgg1 caps4 #df-fg ( ! treatise entitl$1 ,lib] ari/otelis de lapidibus preciosis secundum v]ba sapi5tium antiquorum4 #bdid ,sloane #chdh1 #ag? c5tury1 fols4 #cf-dj4 #bdie ,mac] ,floridus de viribus h]b>um una cum ,walafridi ,/rabonis1 ,o?onis ,cremon5sis et ,ioannis ,folcz c>m9ibus similis argum5ti1 ed4 ,ludovicus ,*\lant1 #ahcb4 #bdif ,v4 ,rose himself correct$ 7,h]mes1 ,,viii1 #ccj-a7 ! /range /atem5t :i* he _h made 7,h]mes1 ,,viii1 #fc7 t ! "n 8,mac]0 is n f\nd 9 connection ) ?is "w until ,,mss ( ! #ad? & #ae? c5turies4 ,bo? ! treatise & ! "n are frequ5t 9 ! e>li] ,,mss4 #bdig ,cotton1 ,vitellius ,c1 ,,iii4 #bdih ,! ,dane1 ,h>pe/r5g1 :o di$ 9 #abdd1 translat$ & comm5t$ ^u ! poem2 publi%$ by ,*ri/ian ,molbe*1 ,cop5hag51 #ahbf4 #bdii ,!re are a l>ge numb] 9 ! ,,mss collections ( ! ,briti% ,museum alone4 ,"s said to be ( ! #ab? c5tury are ,h>leian #dcdf1 & at ,erfurt ,amplon1 ,octavo #fb;a & #fb;b4 #bejj ,see ! ,briti% ,museum catalogue ( pr9t$ books4 ,i h us$ besides ,*\lant's text ( #ahcb an illu/rat$ octavo edition probably ( #adhi4 ,! poem also appe>s 9 m$ical collections su* z ,m$ici antiqui omnes1 ,aldus1 ,v5ice1 #aedg1 fols4 #bbc-df4 #beja ,*\lant 7#ahcb7 ,preface4 #bejb ,*\lant 7#ahcb7 ,prolegom5a ad ,macrum1 p4 #ad4 #bejc ,see ! description ( ,ligu/icum1 l9es #ijj-f4 #bejd ,(t5 pr9t$3 ed4 ,f4 ,a4 ,reuss1 ,wrzburg1 #ahcd2 9 ,migne ,,pl #aad1 #aaai-cj4 #beje ,h4 ,/adl]1 ,die ,quell5 des ,mac] ,floridus1 9 ,sudh(f 7#aiji74 #bejf ,/adl]1 op4 cit42 ,*\lant 7#ahcb71 p4 #d4 #bejg 8,mac] scripsit metrico /ilo librum4 de viribus h]b>um10--,/adl] 7#aiji71 #fe4 #bejh ,x 01 h[ev]1 a good deal subject to lat] int]polation4 #beji ,*\lant 7#ahcb7 adds z ,macri spuria #dhg l9es conc]n+ tw5ty h]bs4 ,9 ,vi5na #cbjg1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #a-ej1 ,mac] ,floridus1 ,de viribus h]b>um2 fols4 #ej-eb1 ,pseudo-,mac]1 ,de animalibus et lignis4 #beaj ,l9es #aija-b1 ,quae1 quamvis natura pot5s conc$]e posset ,vana tam5 nobis et anilia iure vid5tur4 #beaa ,l9es #ahha-c1 ,hanc h]bam ge/&o manu si qu]is ab egro ,dic frat] quid agis8 b5e si respond]it eg]1 ,vivet1 si v]o male1 spes e/ nulla salutis4 #beab ,h]b #ed1 l9es #agbh-4 #beac ,h]b #di1 l9es #afag-bg4 #bead ,h]b #fg1 l9es #bjie-4 #beae ,h]b #ea1 l9es #afhe-i4 #beaf ,h]b #eb4 #beag ,h]b #cd1 l9es #aace-h4 #beah ,h]b #da1 l9es #adba-b4 #beai ,h]b #ej1 l9es #afda-fc4 #bebj ,h]b #fi1 ,cym9um1 l9es #baah-i1 8,hoc or?opnoicis miram prae/>e m$elam ,exp]ti dicunt cum pusce saepius hau/um40 #beba ,vi5na #becb1 #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #ajf-ag1 8,exp]im5ta ,macri4 ,ad dolorem capitis4 ,accipe balsamum et in/illa 444_/ 444 adde sucum celidonie et sup]pone vuln]ibus40 ,arundel #bie1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #bbb-cc1 8,exp]im5ta ,macri collecta sub c]tis capitulis a ,gotefrido40 #bebb ,r4 ,l4 ,poole1 ,m$ieval ,?\ght1 #ahhd1 pp4 #ai1 #ba4 #bebc ,migne1 ,,pl #gj1 #aadf4 #bebd ,anicii ,manlii ,sev]9i ,boetii ,philosophiae ,consolationis ,libri qu9que1 ed4 ,r4 ,peip]1 ,lipsiae1 #ahga1 pp4 xxxix-xlvi1 li-lxvii4 ,see also ,manitius 7#aiaa71 pp4 #cc-e4 ,x 0 by seek+ com=t 9 ,! ,consolation ( ,philosophy aft] ! dea? ( ,beatrice t ,dante 0 l$ into a new _w ( lit]ature1 sci5ce1 & philosophy1 z he tells u 9 8 ,convivio2 cit$ by ,orr 7#aiac71 p4 #a4 #bebe ,manitius 7#aiaa71 pp4 #bi-cb4 #bebf ,ibid41 #bf-h4 ,at ! "t ,i w5t ?r\gh ! v>i\s catalogues ( ,,mss 9 ! ,briti% ,museum item by item x 0 n my int5tion to include ,boe?ius 9 ?is inve/igation1 & ,i am !re=e unable to say :e!r ! ,museum has ,,mss :i* may ?r[ fur!r light ^u ! problems connect$ ) ! ma!matical treatises ascrib$ to ,boe?ius4 ,manitius m5tions no ,engli% ,,mss 9 ?is connection1 b !re are likely to be "s at ,london1 ,ox=d1 or ,cambridge4 #bebg ,boe?ius' ,consolation ( ,philosophy1 translat$ f ! ,lat9 by ,george ,colville1 #aeef2 ed4 ) ,introduction by ,e4 ,b4 ,box1 ,london1 #ahig1 p4 xviii4 #bebh ,manitius 7#aiaa7 pp4 #ce-f2 ,us5]1 ,anecdota ,hold]i1 ,bonn1 #ahgg1 pp4 #dh-ei2 ,e4 ,k4 ,r&1 ,d] dem ,boe?ius zuges*rieb5e ,traktat ,de fide ca?olica1 #aija4 ,! ,de fide ca?olica1 h[ev]1 is n m5tion$ by ,cassiodorus & is reg>d$ z spuri\s4 #bebi ,de consol4 philos41 ,,iii1 #h1 #ba4 #becj ,de consol4 philos41 ,,iv1 #a4 #beca ,ibid41 ,,iii1 #i1 #a2 ,,iii1 #ab1 #ad2 ,,iii1 #i1 #aj2 ,,iii1 #ab1 #ii2 ,,ii1 #h1 #ac4 #becb ,ibid41 ,,iv1 #f1 #aj1 8,9 hac enim de provid5tiae simplicitate1 de fati s]ie1 de rep5t9is casibus1 de cognitione ac pra$e/9atione div9a1 de arbitrii lib]tate qua]i solet40 ,to ! ensu+ argum5t are devot$ ! six? & sev5? *apt]s ( ,book ,,iv & all ( ,book ,v4 #becc ,ibid41 ,,iv1 #f1 #ba4 #becd ,ibid41 ,,iv1 #f1 #cj4 #bece ,ibid41 ,,iv1 #f1 #dh4 #becf ,ibid41 ,,iv1 #f1 #gg4 #becg ,de consol4 philos41 ,v1 #d-f4 #bech ,ibid41 ,,iv1 #f1 #eh4 #beci ,ibid41 ,v1 #b-c & #f1 #aaj1 8tametsi nullam naturae habeat necessitatem atqui deus ea futura quae ex arbitrii lib]tate prov5iunt praes5tia contuetur40 #bedj ,ibid41 ,v1 #a4 #beda ,de musica libri qu9que1 ,i1 #a-b & #bg2 9 ,migne1 ,,pl #fc1 #aafg-acjj4 #bedb ,migne1 ,,pl #hc1 #ifc-ajah4 ,9 ,h>leian #cjii1 #aacd ,a4 ,d41 ! ,etymologies at fols4 #a-aed1 are foll[$ by ! ,de natura r]um1 ! la/ *apt] ( :i* 7fol4 #afdv7 is numb]$ #db in/ead ( #dh z 9 ,migne4 ,b up to *apt] #bg1 ,utrum sid]a animam habeant1 ! division into *apt]s seems ! same z 9 ! pr9t$ text4 #bedc ,migne1 ,,pl #hb1 #gc-gbh1 a repr9t ( ! edition ( ,arevalus1 ,rome1 #agif4 ,l>ge portions ( ! ,etymologies h be5 translat$ into ,engli% ) an introduction ( "s sev5ty pages by ,e4 ,brehaut1 ,an ,encyclop$i/ ( ! ,d>k ,ages2 ,isidore ( ,seville1 #aiab1 9 ,columbia ,univ]sity ,/udies 9 ,hi/ory1 etc41 vol4 #dh1 pp4 #a-bgd4 ,= ,isidorean bibliography see pp4 #ag1 #bb-c1 #df-g ( ,brehaut's introduction4 #bedd ,manitius 7#aiaa71 pp4 #fj-fa2 ,brehaut 7#aiab71 p4 #cd4 #bede ,to say1 = example1 t 8s hospitable an attitude t[>d pr(ane le>n+ z ,isidore display$ 444 0 nev] surpass$ ?r\gh\t ! middle ages0 7,brehaut1 p4 #ca71 is unfair to _m lat] writ]s1 z our discussion ( ! natural sci5ce ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies w %[4 #bedf ,brehaut 7#aiab71 p4 #cd4 #bedg ,migne1 ,,pl #hb1 #gc1 8,opus de orig9e qu>umdam r]um1 ex vet]is lectionis recordatione collectum1 atque ita 9 quibusdam locis adnotatum1 sicut ex/at conscriptum /ylo maiorum40 #bedh ,see1 = example1 ,etymol41 ,,viii1 #g1 #c1 8,vates a vi m5tis appellatos1 ,v>ro auctor e/40 #bedi ,etymol41 ,,xx1 #b1 #cg4 #beej ,cassiodorus1 h[ev]1 urg$ ! monks ( ! six? c5tury :o c>$ = ! sick to read ,hippocrates & ,gal5 z well z ,dioscorides & ,caelius ,aurelianus2 ,brehaut 7#aiab71 p4 #hg1 note1 cit+ ,,pl #gj1 #aadf1 9 ! ,de in/it4 div94 litt]>um4 #beea ,etymol41 ,,xii1 #d1 #f & #f1 #cd4 #beeb ,ibid41 ,,xii1 #d1 #ab4 #beec ,ibid41 ,,xii1 #f1 #ef4 #beed ,ibid41 ,,xvii1 #g1 #ag & #i1 #cf2 ,,xix1 #ag1 #h4 #beee ,ibid41 ,,xvii1 #i1 #he4 #beef ,ibid41 ,,xvii1 #i1 #cj4 #beeg ,etymol41 ,,xvi1 #ae1 #ba-bf4 #beeh ,ibid41 ,,xi1 #c1 #d1 8quod plurimis etiam exp]im5tis probatum e/40 #beei ,brehaut 7#aiab71 p4 #c4 #befj ,etymol41 ,,xvi1 #bf1 #aj1 f ,epiphanius1 ,lib] de pond]ibus et m5suris4 #befa ,h5ce1 presumably1 ! sext>ii1 f sex4 #befb 8,m5s hau/i nulla sanie polluta v55i ,incantata p]it44440 #befc ,migne1 ,,pl #hc1 #i4 #befd ,= ,rabanus' acc\nt see ,migne1 ,,pl #aaj1 #ajig-aaaj2 ,bur*>d1 ,,pl #adj1 #hci et seq42 ,ivo1 ,,pl #afa1 #gfj et seq42 ,h9cm>1 ,,pl #abe1 #gaf-bi4 ,moreov]1 ,bur*>d cont9ues to foll[ ,rabanus ^w = ^w = "s t5 columns aft] ! conclusion ( _! mutual exc]pt f ,isidore1 :ile ,ivo is id5tical ) ,bur*>d = fifte5 m columns4 ,9 8,"s ,m$ieval ,conceptions ( ,magic10 ,! ,moni/1 ,janu>y1 #aiae1 ,,xxv1 #ajg-ci1 ,i /at$ 7p4 #aji1 note #b7 t ,i ?\ght t ,i 0 ! fir/ to po9t out ! id5tity ( ^! f\r acc\nts ) ,isidore's4 ,s9ce !n1 h[ev]1 ,i h notic$ t ,manitius 7#aiaa71 p4 #bii1 notes ! id5tity ( ,rabanus ) ,isidore1 8,dass ,hraban si* au* son/ ganz an ,isidor anlehnt1 bewei/ er 9 d] ,s*rift ,de consangu9eorum nuptiis im ,abs*nitt de magicis artibus 7,migne1 #aji1 #ajig;ff47 d] aus ,etym4 #h1 #i /ammt40 ,also ,mr4 ,c4 ,c4 ,i4 ,webb1 9 8 #aiji edition ( ! ,polycraticus notes ,john ( ,salisbury's borr[+s f ,isidore & ,ivo ( ,*>tres4 ,f9ally1 ,j4 ,hans51 ,zaub]wahn1 ,inquisition1 und ,hex5prozess im ,mittelalt]1 #aijj1 at p4 #di notes t ,isidore's sket* ( ! hi/ory ( magic keeps recurr+ 9 m$ieval writ+s1 at p4 #ga ! dep5d5ce ( ,rabanus & ,h9cm> ^u ,isidore1 & p]haps he some:]e notes ! id5tity ) ! =ego+ ( ! acc\nts ( magic 9 ,bur*>d & ! o!r decretali/s1 b 9 ! abs5ce ( an index to 8 volume ,i d n f9d su* a passage4 ,at p4 #abh1 h[ev]1 he notes t ,john ( ,salisbury's description ( magic is 9 "p tak5 ^w = ^w f ,isidore & ,rabanus4 ,pr(essor ,hamilton1 9 "o ( 8 pap]s on ,/orm-,mak+ ,spr+s1 :i* appe>$ at ab\t ! same "t z my article 7,romanic ,review1 ,v1 #c1 #aiad2 b1 ow+ probably to w> conditions1 ?is issue did n actually appe> until aft] ! numb] ( ,! ,moni/ conta9+ my article71 came ne> not+ ! same ?+ :5 he spoke 7p4 #bbe7 ( ,isidore's *apt] z 8quot$ at l5g?0 by ,gratian--:o seems to me1 h[ev]1 to give ! sub/ance ( ,isidore's *apt] r ?an 8 exact word+--& fur!r not$ t f\r l9es ( ,lat9 :i* he quot$ 7 f\nd alike 9 ,rabanus1 ,h9cm>1 ,ivo1 & ! ,polycraticus ( ,john ( ,salisbury4 ,9 my article ,i also /at$3 8,pr(essor ,burr1 9 a note to 8 pap] on #8,! ,lit]ature ( ,wit*craft' 7,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association ,pap]s1 ,,iv 7#ahij71 p4 #bda7 has describ$ ! acc\nts ( ,rabanus & ,h9cm> b )\t explicitly not+ _! close resemblance1 al?\gh he *>act]izes ,rabanus' article z #8ma9ly compil$4'0 ,pr(essor ,burr subsequ5tly wrote to me1 8,t ,i did n m5tion ! relation 9 my old pap] on 8,! ,lit]ature ( ,wit*craft0 0 p>tly because !y borr[$ f o!r s\rces z well & p>tly because ,isidore is himself a compil]4 ,i hop$ to come back to ! matt] 9 a m c>eful /udy ( ! :ole g5esis ( ^! /ock passages40 #befe ,see bel[1 *apt] #fj on ,aqu9as4 #beff ,etymol41 ,,viii1 #aa1 #ae-ag2 ,diff]5ti>um1 ,,ii1 #ad4 #befg ,inde$1 ,diff]5ti>um1 ,,ii1 #ci1 he def9es a/rology z he _h a/ronomy 9 ,etymol41 ,,iii1 #bg4 ,9 ,etymol41 ,,iii1 #be1 he ascribes ! inv5tion ( a/ronomy to ! ,egyptians & t ( a/rology to ! ,*aldeans4 #befh ,caps4 #ad & #bg4 #befi ,de nat4 r]41 ,,iii1 #d2 ,,pl #hc1 #ifh4 #begj ,ibid41 ,,xix1 #b4 #bega ,ibid41 ,,xxii1 #b-c4 #begb ,ibid41 ,,ix1 #a-b4 #begc ,ibid41 ,,xxvi1 #ae2 ,etymol41 ,,iii1 #ga1 #af4 #begd ,etymol41 ,,xiv1 #e1 8vim sid]is40 #bege ,ibid41 ,,ix1 #b1 8secundum div]sitatem enim coeli40 #begf ,ibid41 ,,iv1 #ac1 #d4 #begg ,de nat4 r]um1 ,,xviii1 #e-g4 #begh ,hi/ory ( ! ,anglo-,saxons1 ,,iii1 #djc4 #begi ,illu/rations ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,m$ieval ,?\ght1 #ahhd1 p4 #bj2 p4 #ah 9 #aibj edition4 #behj ,migne1 ,,pl #ij1 #bic-d4 #beha ,a few ,,mss1 *iefly f ,france1 e>li] ?an ! #ab? c5tury1 are3 ,,bn #eedc1 #i? c5tury2 ,,bn #aefhe1 #i? c5tury2 ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afab1 #afae1 & #afcb1 all #i? or #aj? c5tury2 ,ami5s #bbb1 #i? c5tury2 ,cambrai #ibe1 #i? c5tury2 ,ivrea #c1 #i? c5tury2 ,ivrea #f1 #aj? c5tury2 ,b]l9 #abh1 #h-i? c5tury2 ,b]l9 #acj1 #i-aj? c5tury2 ,,clm #ahaeh1 #aa? c5tury2 ,,clm #baeeg1 #aa? c5tury4 ,i h n not$ ! ,,mss ( ,b$e 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & ,bodleian collections4 #behb ,,pl #ij1 #ahg-bgh2 ! text occupies b a small portion ( ^! columns4 #behc ,ibid41 ,cap4 #ad4 #behd ,ibid41 ,cap4 #bd4 #behe ,ibid41 ,cap4 #be4 #behf ,9 ,samuelem prophetam allegorica expositio1 ,,iv1 #g2 ,,pl #ia1 #gja4 #behg ,de tonitruis libellus ad ,h]efridum1 ,,pl #ij1 #fji-ad4 #behh ,see bel[1 *apt] #bi4 #behi ,! ,a5igmatum ,lib] =ms a "p ( ! ,lib] de sept5>io et de metris 9 ,aldhelm's works z edit$ by ,giles1 ,ox=d1 #ahdd1 & repr9t$ 9 ,migne1 ,,pl #hi1 #ahc-ii4 #beij ,cantimpr's citations ( ,adhelmus seem almo/ c]ta9ly drawn f ! ,a5igmata 9 ! cases ( ,leo1 ciconia1 hirund9us1 nycticorax1 salam&]1 luligo 7or1 loligo71 p]na1 draguntia lapis 7natrix71 myrmicoleon1 colossus1 & molossus4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! citations conc]n+ onoc5taur d n correspond to ! riddle ,de monoc]o sive unicorni2 ! two acc\nts ( ,scylla are diff]5t2 & ,i d n f9d cacus or onag] or h>py or sir5 or locu/ or ! ,indian ants l>g] ?an foxes 9 ! ,riddles z edit$ by ,giles4 ,! passages 9 :i* ,?omas ( ,cantimpr cites ,adhelmus are pr9t$ toge!r by ,pitra 7#ahee7 ,,iii1 #dbe-g4 #beia ,pitra 7#ahee7 ,,iii1 xxvi4 ,only 9 ! case ( ! salam&] does ,pitra say1 8,?omas huc adduxit ,adhelmi ,%irbrun5sis a5igma de ,salam&ra vatemque a philosopho cl>e di/9xit40 #beib ,i h us$ ! text 9 ,migne1 ,,pl vol4 #gg4 #beic ,v>i>um ,,iv1 ,epi/4 #bb-bc1 ,migne1 ,,pl #fi1 #fbd-be4 #beid ,i d]ive ! foll[+ facts f ,e4 ,c4 ,quigg91 8,iri% ,lit]ature10 9 ,,eb ,v1 #fbb et seq41 :]e fur!r bibliography is giv54 #beie 8,! ,gaelic m$ical ,,mss1 :e!r pres]v$ 9 ,irel&1 ,scotl&1 or else:]e1 444 are all1 or ne>ly all1 ( =eign orig903--,mack9non1 9 ! ,int]national ,congress ( ,m$ic9e1 ,london1 #aiac1 p4 #dac4 #beif ,g4 ,flgel1 ,alk9di1 g5annt d] ,philosoph d] ,arab]1 e9 ,vorbild se9] ,zeit1 ,leipzig1 #aheg4 ,f4 ,diet]ici1 ,die ,naturans*auung und ,naturphilosophie d] ,arab] im zehnt5 ,jahrhund]t1 ,b]l91 #ahfa4 ,o4 ,lo?1 ,al-,k9di als ,a/rolog4 9 ,morg5lndis*e ,=s*ung54 ,fe/s*rift fr ,fleis*]1 ,leipzig1 #ahge1 pp4 #bfc-cji4 ,a4 ,nagy1 ,die philosophis*5 ,abh&lung5 des ,al-,k9dis1 #ahig 9 ,beitrge z4 ,ges*4 d4 ,philos4 d4 ,mittelalt41 ,,ii1 #e4 ,a4 ,a4 ,bjrnbo & ,s4 ,vogl1 ,alk9di1 ,tideus1 und ,pseudo-,euclid1 ,drei ,optis*e ,w]ke1 ,leipzig1 #aiaa1 9 ,abh&l4 z4 ,ges*4 d4 ,ma?4 ,wiss41 ,,xxvi1 #c4 ,= fur!r bibliography see ! la/-nam$ "w & ,/e9s*neid] 7#aije7 #bc-d1 #dg1 7#aijf7 #ca-cc4 ,! ,apology ( ,al ,k9dy 7,sir ,wm4 ,muir1 ,london1 #ahhb7 is a def5se ( ,*ri/ianity by ano!r writ] ( ab\t ! same "t4 #beig ,a/rorum iudicis ,alk9di1 ,gaph> de pluviis imbribus et v5tis ac a]is mutatione1 ex (fic9a ,petri ,lie*t5/e93 ,v5etiis1 #aejg4 #beih ,amplon4 ,qu>to #aea1 fols4 #ag-ai4 #beii ,9 ! #adab catalogue ( ,amplonius1 ,ma?4 #dh 0 8,!orica ,alk9di de radiis /ellicis seu arcium magic>um vel de phisicis ligaturis02 & at pres5t ,amplon4 ,qu>to #cdi1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #dgv1 #fev1 #ffr-v1 #afr-v1 #bir1 conta9s 8,lib] ,alk9di de radiis ,omnes hom9es qui s5sibilia _/ ,explicit !orica artis magis 7sic74 ,explicit ,alk9di de radiis /ellicis40 ,h>leian #ac1 #ac? c5tury1 giv5 by ,john ( ,london to ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,abbey1 ,cant]bury 7#aaff1 ,james1 #ccj-a71 fols4 #aff-gd1 8de radiis /ellicis ,omnes hom9es qui s5sibilia _/ explicit ,!oria ,artis ,magice ,alk9di40 ,digby #ia1 #af? c5tury1 fols4 #ff-hj1 ,alk9dus de radiis /ell>um1 8,omnes hom9es qui s5sibilia s5su p]cipiunt44440 ,digby #ahc1 end #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #ch-de4 ,seld5 supra #gf 7,b]n>d #cdfd71 fols4 #dgr-#fjv1 8,incipit !oreita artium magic>um4 ,capitulum de orig9e sci5tie4 ,omnes hom9es qui s5sibilia s5su p]cipiunt444402 ,seld5 #cdfg1 #d4 ,canon4 ,misc4 #cgj1 fols4 #bdj-ei1 8,explicit !oria magice artis sive libellus ,alk9di de radiis /ellatis anno p] me ,!od4 scriptus ,dom9i #adhd44440 ,rawl9son ,c-#aag1 #ae? c5tury 7accord+ to ,macray1 b s9ce ! ,,ms once belong$ to ,john ( ,london x is m likely to be #ac? c5tury71 fols4 #aeg-fi1 8,incipit !orica ,alk9di et e/ de causis r$d5dis circa op]ationes k>act]um et conjurationes et suffumigationes et cet]is huiusmodi quae p]t95t ad artem magicam4 #8,omnes hom9es qui s5sibilia4' 4440 ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #faf1 #addb ,a4 ,d41 ,lib] ,jacobi ,al*9di de radiis4 ,,cu ,tr9ity #icf 7,r4 #ae1 #ag7 #ag? c5tury1 ,alkyndus de ,radiis4 ,/e4 ,g5evive #bbdj1 #ag? c5tury1 fol4 #cb 787--s9ce ! treatise is li/$ betwe5 two o!rs :i* beg9 at fols4 #fh & #aab1 respectively--8,alkyndus de radiis2 de virtute v]borum40 ,/e9s*neid] 7#aijf71 #cb1 has already li/$ f\r ( ^! ,,mss1 b 0 mi/ak5 9 ?9k+ ,cotton ,app5dix ,,vi1 fols4 #fcv-#gjr1 8,explicit ,iacob alk9di de !orica planet>um10 ! same treatise z ,! ,!ory ( ! ,magic ,art4 #bfjj ,9 ,digby #ia ,rog] ,bacon on ,p]spective is foll[$ by ,alk9di on ! rays ( ! />s1 :ile 9 ,digby #ahc a m>g9al note to ,alk9di's treatise reads 8,nota hoc quod e/ extractum de libro ,rog]i ,bakun de celo et mundo1 capitulo de num]o celorum10 & foll[+ ! "w ( ,alk9di we h ,bacon on ! ret>dation ( old age & p]haps also de radiis sol>ibus4 #bfja ,edit$ by ,nagy 7#ahig74 ,a ,,ms ( ! late #ab? or e>ly #ac? c5tury :i* ,nagy fails to note is ,digby #dj1 fols4 #aev-#be1 de somno et visionibus4 #bfjb ,nagy1 p4 #ah1 8,qu>e autem videamus quasdam res antequam s9t8 et qu>e videamus res cum int]pretatione significantes res antequam s9t8 et qu>e videamus res faci5tes nos vid]e contr>ium e>um80 #bfjc ,spec4 a/ron4 cap4 #g4 ,m fully ! ,incipit is1 8,rogatus fui quod manife/em consilia philosophorum44440 #bfjd ,digby #fh1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #abd-ce1 ,lib] ,alk9dii de impressionibus t]re et a]is accid5tibus4 ,,cu ,cl>e ,college #ae 7,kk4 #d1 #b71 c4 #abhj1 fols4 #h-ac1 8,9 nom9e dei et eius laude ,epi/ola ,alk9di de rebus a]ibus et pluviis cum s]mone aggregato et utili de arabico 9 lat9um translata40 ,/e9s*neid] 7#aijf7 #cb gives ! title z ,de impressionibus a]is1 & sugge/s t x is ! same z a ,de pluviis or ,de nubibus1 :i* seems to be ! case1 z !y h ! same ,incipit--,/e9s*neid] 7#aije7 #ac--;z does a ,de imbribus 9 ,digby #agf1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #fa-fc4 ,/e9s*neid] also sugge/$ t ,,bn #gccb1 ,de impressionibus planet>um 0 probably ! same treatise2 & ?is is %[n to be true by ! ,explicit ( ,alk9di's treatise 9 ano!r ,,ms1 ,cotton ,app5dix ,,vi1 fol4 #fcv1 8,explicit lib] de impressionibus planet>um secundum iacobum alk9di40 ,see also ,,bn #gcaf1 #gcbh1 #gddj1 #gdhb4 ,! op5+ words ( an anonym\s ,tractatus de meteorologia 9 ,vi5na #bche1 #ac? c5tury1 fols4 #df-di1 %[ t x is ! ,alk9di4 ,a v simil> treatise on wea!r pr$iction1 ,de subradiis planet>um or ,de pluviis1 is ascrib$ to ,haly & exi/s 9 ?ree ,digby ,,mss 7#fg1 fol4 #abv2 #ic1 fol4 #ahcv2 #adg1 fol4 #aagv7 & 9 "s o!r ,,mss not$ by ,/e9s*neid]4 ,x belongs1 ,i suspect1 toge!r ) a brief ,haly de dispositione a]is 7,digby #ib1 fol4 #e7 :i* ,/e9s*neid] li/$ sep>ately4 #bfje ,"s notion ( ! numb] ( ^! a/rological treatises on ! wea!r may be _h f ! foll[+ gr\p ( !m 9 a s+le ,,ms4 ,vi5na #bdcf1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #acd-f1 8,f9itur ,h]manni lib] de ymbribus et pluviis0 #acf-h1 ,iohannes ,hispal5sis1 ,tractatus de mutatione a]is #aci1 ,haom> de pluviis #aci-dj1 ,idem de qualitate a]is et temporum #adj1 de pluvia1 fulgure1 tonitruis et v5to #adj-a1 ,doro*ius1 ,de hora pluvie et v5torum caloris et frigoris #ada1 ,idem1 ,de hora pluvie #ada-b1 ,alk9dus1 alias ,doro*ius1 ,de a]is qualitatibus #adb1 ,idem1 ,de imbribus #adc1 ,j]gis1 ,de pluviis #aih1 #bjf1 ,iacobus ,alk9dus1 ,lib] de significationibus planet>um et eorum naturis1 alias de pluviis4 #bfjf ,_! titles are li/$ by ,/e9s*neid] 7#aijf7 #ii2 #ca-c4 ,we may note ,,bn #figh1 #ad? c5tury1 ,incipit epi/ola ,alk9di ,a*alis de ,baldac philosophi de futurorum sci5tia2 ,corpus ,*ri/i #bed1 fol4 #aia1 8de aspectibus0--a fragm5t f a #ad? c5tury ,,mss4 #bfjg ,,mss ( ,rob]t's translation ( ,alk9di's ,judgm5ts are num]\s 9 ! ,bodleian libr>y3 ,digby #ia1 fol4 #hj-2 ,a%mole #agi2 #bji2 #cfi2 #dcd2 & extracts f x 9 o!r ,,mss4 ,x op5s1 8,quamquam po/ ,euclidem40 #bfjh ,,clm #cib1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #hj-2 #dhi1 #af? c5tury1 fols4 #bjg-ba4 #bfji ,o4 ,lo? 7#ahge71 pp4 #bga-b2 at #bhj-b he gives ! ,lat9 ( ! passage 9 "q f ,albumas>1 foll[+ ! ,arabic ( ,alk9di at #bgc-i4 #bfaj ,e4 ,wi$emann 9 ,j\rnal f4 praktis*e ,*emie1 #aijg1 p4 #gc1 et seq42 cit$ by ,lippmann 7#aiai7 p4 #cii4 #bfaa ,bridges1 ,opus ,maius1 ,i1 #bfb1 note4 #bfab ,/e9s*neid] 7#aije71 p4 #dg4 #bfac ,,hl #ba1 #dii-ejc4 #bfad ,spec4 a/ron4 cap4 #f4 ,he gives ! ,incipit ( ! ,exp]im5ts ( ,albumas> z 8,scito horam introitus0 :i* s]ves to id5tify x ) ! foll[+3 ,amplon4 ,qu>to #cfe1 #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #a-ah1 lib] exp]im5torum4 ,a%mole #cfi-,v1 #ac? c5tury1 fols4 #ajc-bcv1 8444 incipit lib] 9 revolutione annorum mundi4 ,p]fectus e/ lib] exp]im5torum44440 ,a%mole #cic1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #iev1 8,item ,albumas> de revolutionibus annorum mundi sive de exp]im5tis44440 ,,bn #afbjd1 #ac? c5tury1 pp4 #cjb-ccc1 8,revolutio annorum mundi4444 ,p]fectus e/ lib] exp]im5torum ,albumas>44440 ,ars5al #hhj1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #a-4 ,ars5al #ajcf1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #ajdv4 ,dijon #ajde1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #ha-4 ,o!r ,,mss conta9+ ,exp]im5ts ( ,albumas> b :]e ,i am n sure ( ! word+ ( ! ,incipit are3 ,laud4 ,misc4 #eid1 #ad-ae? c5tury1 fol4 #abc-1 ,lib] exp]im5torum4 ,h>leian #a1 fols4 #ca-da1 de exp]im5tis 9 revolutione annorum mundi4 ,,clm #ea1 #adhg1 & #aejc4 ,vi5na #bdcf1 #ad? c5tury1 foll[+ ,john ( ,spa9's translation ( ! ,introductorium magnum at fols4 #a-he & a ,lib] magn>um coniunctionum at fols4 #add-ih1 comes at fol4 #bdb1 8,lib] exp]im5torum seu ,capitula /ell>um oblata regi magno ,s>rac5orum ab ,albumasore40 ,! ,incipit "h is 8,dispositio e/ ut dicam ab ariete sic initium0 b ! treatise is incomplete4 ,9 "s ,,ms at ,ox=d :i* ,i _c n[ id5tify ! ,flores ( ,albumas> close ) ! /atem5t t ! book ( ,exp]im5ts w foll[4 ,a diff]5t h& !n adds 8,! foll[+ "w is ,albumaz> on ! revolutions ( ye>s10 :ile a ?ird h& adds ! explanation1 8,& accord+ to "s au?orities x & ! book ( exp]im5ts are "o10 :i* is ! case4 ,9 "s ,,mss1 h[ev]1 ano!r treatise on revolutions accompanies ! ,exp]im5ts4 ,9 ,amplon4 ,qu>to #cfe x is foll[$ at fols4 #ah-bg by ,s5t5cie de revolucione annorum1 :ile 9 ,laud4 ,misc4 #eid x is prec$$ at fol4 #ajf by ,lib] ,albumas> de revolutionibus annorum collectus a floribus antiquorum philosophorum1 :i* is ! same z ! ,flores4 #bfae ,! di/9ction betwe5 ^! v>i\s works is made q cle> 9 ,,bn #afbjd1 #ac? c5tury1 :]e at pp4 #a-ahc is ,john ( ,spa9's translation ( ! ,lib] introductorius maior 9 eight p>ts2 at #ahc-cjb ! ,conjunctions1 also 9 eight p>ts2 at #cjb-ccc ! ,revolutio annorum mundi or ,lib] exp]im5torum2 at #ccc-cec ! ,flores1 & at #cec-cfi ! ,de revolutione annorum 9 revolutione nativitatum1 :i* op5s 8,omne tempus breve e/ op]&i44440 ,at ! same "t ! ,explicit ( ?is treatise be>s witness to ! ease ) :i* ^! works ( ,albumas> are confus$1 = x 0 at fir/ writt51 8,explicit lib] albumas> de revolutione annorum mundi10 & "s o!r h& has cross$ out ?is la/ ^w & sub/itut$ 8nativitatis40 #bfaf ,conciliator1 ,diff4 #aef4 #bfag ,laud4 ,misc4 #eid1 #ad-ae? c5tury1 fols4 #acg-da1 ,lib] ,sadan1 sive ,albumas> 9 ,sadan4 8,dixit ,sadan1 ,audivi ,albumay> dic5tem quod omnis vita viv5tium po/ ,deum e/ sol et luna _/ ,expliciunt exc]pta de secretis ,albumas>40 ,cat4 cod4 a/rol4 ,graec4 ,v1 i1 #adb1 quotes f a #ae? c5tury ,,ms1 8,expliciunt exc]pta de secretis ,albumas>is p] ,sadan discipulum cuius 7eius87 et vocatur lib] ,albumas>is 9 ,sadan40 ,! treatise1 accord+ to ,/e9s*neid] 7#aijf71 #cf-h1 is also f\nd 9 ,amplon4 ,qu>to #ceb4 ,,clm #hbf1 #ad? c5tury1 writt5 & illum9at$ 9 ,bohemia1 fols4 #bg-cc1 ,tractatus de nativitatibus1 8,dixit ,zadan3 audivi ,albumaz> dic5tem44440 #bfah ,/e9s*neid] 7#aijf71 #cf-ch4 #bfai ,cat4 cod4 a/rol4 ,graec4 ,v1 i1 #adb4 ,9 ,vi5na ,,ms #ajehc1 #ae? c5tury1 #ii fols41 we f9d a 8de revolutionibus nativitatum0 by ,albumas> 8greco 9 lat9um40 #bfbj ,,bn #gcaf1 #ae? c5tury1 #ac1 lib] imbrium secundos ,indos 444 au?ore ,jaf>2 s too ,,bn #gcbi1 #ae? c5tury1 #f2 ,,bn #gcaf #af1 de mutatione temporum secundum ,indos1 seems1 h[ev]1 to be ano!r anonym\s treatise on ! same subject4 ,p]haps ! foll[+1 al?\gh n s li/$ 9 ! catalogue1 is by ,albumas>4 ,digby #aid1 fol4 #adgv- 8,sapi5tes ,indi de pluviis indicant secundum lunam1 consid]antes ipsius mansiones _/ quum dom9us aspectus aspicit dom9um vel e/ ei conjunctus40 #bfba ,corpus ,*ri/i #bcc1 #ac-ae? c5tury1 fol4 #abb-8;,japh> philosophi et a/rologi ,aegyptii4 ,cum multa et v>ia de nubium congregatione precepta ,indorum traxit auctoritas44440 ,cod4 ,cantab4 ,ii-,i-#ac1 8,incipit lib] ,gaph> de temporis mutatione qui dicitur ,geaz> ,babiloni5sis4 ,univ]sa a/ronomiae iudicia pr\t ,indorum44440 #bfbb ,! text pr9t$ 9 #aejg & #aedj is ,hugo's translation4 ,s is ,bodleian #dfc 7,b]n>d #bdef7 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #bjr-#bdr1 8,incipit lib] imbrium editum a ,iaf> a/rologo et a l5io et m]curio 7,cil5io ,m]curio7 correcto40 ,see also ,savile #ae 7,b]n>d #fefa71 ,lib] imbrium ab antiquo ,indorum a/rologo nom9e ,jaf> editus1 de9de a ,cyl5io ,m]curio abbreviatus4 #bfbc ,digby #fh1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #aaf-8,ysagoga m9or ,japh>is ma!matici 9 a/ronomiam p] ,adhel>dum ,ba?oni5cem ex ,arabico sumpta4 ,quicunque philosophie sci5ciam altiorem /udio con/anti inquir]is44440 ,sloane #bjcj1 fols4 #hc-hfv1 accord+ to ,hask9s 9 ,,ehr 7#aiac71 b my notes1 :i* x is n[ too late to v]ify1 sugge/ t x is a fragm5t occupy+ less ?an a page at fol4 #hg4 #bfbd ,by ,c>ra de ,vaux 9 ,j\rnal asiatique1 #i;e srie1 ,i1 #chf1 ,,ii1 #aeb1 #dbj1 ) a ,fr5* translation2 & by ,nix1 ,leipzig1 #aijj1 ) a ,g]man translation1 also pr9t$ sep>ately 9 #ahid4 #bfbe ,gal51 ed4 ,*>t4 ,x1 #ega2 ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 ed4 ,basel1 #aecf1 pp4 #cag-ba2 ,arnald ( ,villanova1 ,op]a1 ,lyons1 #aecb1 fol4 #bie1 & also 9 o!r editions ( 8 works2 ,h4 ,c4 ,agrippa1 ,occult ,philosophy1 ,lyons1 #afjj1 pp4 #fcg-dj4 #bfbf ,,hl ,,xxviii1 #gh-i4 #bfbg ,idem4 #bfbh ,additional #bbgai1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #bjjv1 8,quesivi/i fili k>issime de incantatione adjuratione colli susp5sione44440 ,9 view ( ?is & ! citations ( ! "w by ,alb]tus ,magnus :o wrote be=e ,arnald ( ,villanova1 ,i _c agree ) ,/e9s*neid] 7#aije71 pp4 #f & #ab1 9 d5y+ t ,con/ant9us translat$ ! "w & 9 ascrib+ ! translation exclusively to ,arnald4 #bfbi ,flor5ce ,,ii1 ,,iii1 #bad1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #gb-d1 8,lib] ,unayn de incantatione4 ,quesi/i fili k>issime44440 #bfcj ,de vegetabilibus1 ,v1 ii1 #f4 #bfca ,m9]al4 ,,ii1 ii1 #g1 & ,,ii1 iii1 #f4 #bfcb ,m9]al4 ,,ii1 iii1 #f 7ed4 ,borgnet1 ,v1 #ee-f74 #bfcc ,i am n c]ta9 z to ?is ^w3 x is sizamelon 9 "o text1 sesameleon 9 ano!r4 #bfcd 8,quorum enim actio ex proprietate e/ non rationibus1 unde sic compreh5di non pote/4 ,rationibus enim tantum compreh5duntur que s5sibus subm9i/rantur4 ,aliqu&o ergo qu$am sub/antie hab5t proprietatem ratione incompreh5sibilem propt] sui subtilitatem et s5sibus non subm9i/ratum propt] altitud9em sui magnam40 ,i d\bt if ^! la/ ?ree words ref] to ! influ5ce ( ! />s4 #bfce ,lib] de diff]5tia spiritus et animae1 or ,de diff]5tia int] animam et spiritum4 ,! prologue op5s3 8,int]roga/i me--honoret te ,deus6--de diff]5tia44440 #bfcf ,/e9s*neid] 7#ahff71 p4 #djd2 7#aije71 p4 #dc1 8wovon i* das ,orig9al 9 ,go?a #aaeh erkannte48 #bfcg ,s 9 ,corpus ,*ri/i #aad1 late #ac? c5tury1 fol4 #bbi1 & at ,p>is 9 ! foll[+ ,,mss ( ! #ac? or #ad? c5tury mo/ly3 ,,bn #fcai1 #aa2 #fcbb1 #aa2 #fcbc1 #f2 #fcbc;,a2 #fcbe1 #ag2 #fefg;,a2 #fefi2 #hbdg2 #afjhb2 #afjhc2 #afjhh2 #afadb2 #afdij4 #bfch ,specific illu/rations ( su* confusions betwe5 ! two names 9 ! ,,mss are3 ,,bn #fbif1 #ad? c5tury1 #ae1 8444 au?ore filio ,lucae ,m$ici ,con/abolo02 ,brussels1 ,libr>y ( ,dukes ( ,burgundy #bghd1 #ab? c5tury1 8,con/ab502 ,sloane #bded1 late #ac? c5tury1 8,lib] diff]5tiae int] animam et spiritum quem ,con/ant9us ,luce amico suo scriptori ,regis edidit40 #bfci ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 ,op]a1 ,basel1 #aecf1 pp4 #cjg-ag1 8,qui volu]it scire diff]5tiam1 que e/ int] duas res 444_/ 444 ,hec igitur de diff]5tiis spiritus et anime tibi dicta sufficiant1 valeto40 ,edit$ m rec5tly by ,s4 ,b>a*1 ,innsbruck1 #ahgh1 pp4 #abj-ci4 #bfdj ,!orica1 ,,iii1 #ab4 #bfda ,corpus ,*ri/i #aed1 late #ac? c5tury1 pp4 #cef-gd1 ascrib$ to ,augu/9e 9 bo? ,titulus & ,explicit4 #bfdb ,s4 ,m>co #agi1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #eg-i1 #hc1 ,lib] ,ysaac de diff]5tia spiritus et animae4 #bfdc ,,cu ,gonville & ,caius #aji1 #ac? c5tury1 fols4 #a-fv1 8,avic5na de diff]5cia spiritus et anime40 #bfdd ,s says ,coxe1 an5t ,corpus ,*ri/i #aad1 & ,/e9s*neid] 7#aije71 p4 #dc4 #bfde ,migne1 ,,pl #dj1 #ggi-hcb4 #bfdf ,by ,tri!mius2 b e>li] s cit$ by ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais 7,,pl #dj1 #ggi-hj74 ,see also ,exon4 #bc1 #ac? c5tury1 fol4 #aifv4 #bfdg ,migne1 ,,pl #dj1 #ggi-hj4 #bfdh ,bo? passages 7 exc]pt$ by ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais1 ,speculum naturale1 ,,xxix1 #da4 #bfdi ,de ,r5zi 7#aheb-i7 ,,iv1 #ahi2 ,petrocellus is v brief on ! cells ( ! bra94 #bfej ,s+] 7#aiag71 pp4 #de & #ea1 has not$ t ,hildeg>d's description ( ! bra9 z divid$ into ?ree *amb]s is antec$$ by ! ,lib] de humana natura ( ,con/ant9us1 & conta9$ 89 ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,augu/9e40 #bfea ,,pl #dj1 #gie1 cap4 #bb4 #bfeb ,de proprietatibus r]um1 ,,iii1 #aj & #af2 ,v1 #c4 #bfec ,simil>ly ,e4 ,g4 ,br[ne 7#aiba71 p4 #abc1 writ+ ( ,arabian m$ic9e & ,avic5na1 says1 8,correspond+ ) ! five ext]nal s5ses1 ta/e1 t\*1 he>+1 smell+1 & see+1 are ! five int]nal s5ses1 ( :i* ! fir/ & second1 ! comp\nd s5se 7or #8s5sus communis'7 & ! imag9ation1 are locat$ 9 ! ant]ior v5tricle ( ! bra92 ! ?ird & f\r?1 ! co-ord9at+ & emotional faculties1 9 ! mid-bra92 & ! fif?1 ! memory1 9 ! h9d-bra940 ,gal5 _h some:at simil> ideas4 #bfed ,de ,g5esi ad litt]am1 ,,vii1 #ah 7,,pl #cd1 #cfd74 #bfee ,! fulle/ treatm5t ( him w be f\nd 9 ,d4 ,a4 ,*wolson1 ,die ,ssabi] und d] ,ssabismus1 ,petrograd1 #ahef1 #b vols41 passim4 ,= a li/ ( 8 works see ,/e9s*neid]4 ,zeits*rift f4 ,ma?41 ,,xviii1 #cca-ch4 #bfef ,!re is "s difficulty ) ^! dates or _! ,arabic equival5ts1 because we are n c]ta9 :e!r ! l5g? ( 8 life is giv5 9 lun> or sol> ye>s3 see ,*wolson1 ,i1 #ecb-c1 #edg-h4 #bfeg ,bridges1 ,i1 #cid4 #bfeh ,c>ra de ,vaux1 ,avic5ne1 ,p>is1 #aijj1 p4 #fh4 #bfei ,*wolson1 ,,ii1 #djf1 #dbb1 #dca1 #ddj1 #dec1 #faj1 #gjc4 #bffj ,ibid41 ,i4 #gda2 ,,ii1 #g1 #beh1 #chf1 #fgg1 etc4 #bffa ,*wolson1 ,,ii1 #chf-ig1 #ejj1 #ebe1 #ecj1 #fgf4 #bffb ,ibid41 ,i1 #gcg4 #bffc ,ibid41 ,,ii1 #cj1 #cgc4 #bffd ,ibid41 ,,ii1 #daa1 #feh1 #hci4 #bffe ,ibid41 ,,ii1 #bec4 #bfff ,ibid41 ,i1 #gch4 #bffg ,ibid41 ,i1 #gcc-d4 #bffh ,ibid41 ,,ii1 #ai1 #adh1 #aej4 #bffi ,ibid41 ,,ii1 #ba1 #ach-i4 #bfgj ,ibid41 ,i1 #ebf2 ,,ii1 #ada4 #bfga ,quot$ by ,bi%op ,gregory ,b>-hebraeus 9 8 ,syrian ,*ronicle3 ,*wolson1 ,i1 #agg-hj4 #bfgb ,*wolson1 ,i1 #aie2 ,,ii1 #fbc4 #bfgc ,ibid41 ,i1 #dhb-c4 #bfgd ,aga9 !re seems to be unc]ta9ty z to dates1 s9ce ! ,arabic s\rces "n a caliph :o 0 n contempor>y ) ! philosoph] 9 "q3 ,*wolson1 ,i1 #edh-i4 #bfge ,*wolson1 ,i1 #dhe4 ,*wolson p]haps lays himself op5 a little to ! *>ge ( argu+ 9 a circle1 s9ce ,!bit's writ+s are 8 ma9 s\rce conc]n+ ,sabianism4 #bfgf ,ibid41 ,i1 #eec-fd1 = a li/ ( 8 translations (1 extracts f1 & comm5t>ies ^u ,greek works4 #bfgg ,ibid41 ,i1 #dhd4 #bfgh ,,bn #ajbfj1 #af? c5tury1 8,incipit lib] ,k>a/oni de pond]ibus 444_/ 444 editus a ,!bit filio ,core40 ,also 9 ,,bn #gcgg;,b1 #ad-ae? c5tury1 #c2 #gdbd1 #ad? c5tury1 #f2 ,vi5na #ebjc1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #agb-hj4 ,= o!r ,,mss see ,bjrnbo 7#aiaa7 #adj4 #bfgi ,h>leian #ac1 fol4 #aah-,!bit de motu octave sp]e2 fol4 #abjv- ,lib] ,!bi? b5 ,cora? de 8 qui indig5t expositione antequam legitur ,almage/um2 #abc- ,lib] ,!bit de ymag9atione sp]e et circulorum eius div]sorum2 #abdv- ,lib] ,!bi? de quantitatibus /ell>um et planet>um4 ,also 9 ,h>l4 #cfdg1 #aa-ad2 ,tann] #aib1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #ajc-2 ,,bn #gaie1 #ad? c5tury1 #ab-ae2 ,magliabe*4 ,,xi-#aag1 #ad? c5tury2 ,,cul #agfg 7,ii4 ,,iii1 #c7 #abgf ,a4 ,d41 fols4 #hf-if2 & _m o!r ,,mss4 #bfhj ,delambre 7#ahai7 #gc4 #bfha ,*wolson1 ,i1 #eea4 #bfhb ,,bn #fead1 #aj1 ,!bit de al*ymia2 ,amplon4 ,qu>to #cab1 writt5 be=e #acbc ,a4 ,d41 fol4 #bi1 ,notule ,!bi? contra al*imiam4 #bfhc ,a "w on judgm5ts is ascrib$ to him 9 a ,muni* ,,ms1 ,,clm #ehh1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #ahi- ,!bites de iudiciis2 foll[$ by1 #bbj- ,lib] iudicialis ,ptolomei1 #bcc- ,libellus de iudiciis1 & #bch- ,modus iudic&i4 ,! treatise on fifte5 />s1 fifte5 h]bs1 & fifte5 /ones1 :i* z we h se5 is usually ascrib$ to ,h]mes or ,eno*1 is attribut$ to ,!bit 9 at lea/ "o ,,ms1 ,,bn #gccg1 page #abi-4 #bfhd ,i1 #eea4 #bfhe ,lyons #cbh1 fols4 #gj-gd1 ,lib] pre/igiorum ,!bidis 7,elbidis7 secundum ,ptolemeum et ,h]metem p] ,adhel>dum ba?oni5sem translatus1 op5+1 8,quicunque geometria atque philosopia p]itus a/ronomiae exp]s fu]it ociosus e/40 ,9 ?is ,,ms ! treatise closes ) ! words1 8ut pre/igiorum artifex facultate non decidat40 ,?is seems to be ! only ,,ms kn[n :]e ! translation is ascrib$ to ,adel>d ( ,ba?4 ,x seems to h once be5 "p ( ,avran*es #bce1 #ab? c5tury1 :]e ! same title is li/$ 9 ! table ( cont5ts4 ,hask9s1 9 ,,ehr 7#aiaa7 #die1 fails to id5tify ! "w1 call+ x 8a treatise on horoscopes40 ,x is to be not$1 h[ev]1 t ,alb]tus ,magnus 9 li/+ bad necromantic books on images 9 ! ,speculum a/ronomiae 7cap4 xi1 ,borgnet1 ,x1 #fda7 gives ! same ,incipit = a lib] prae/igiorum by ,h]mes1 8,qui geometriae aut philosophiae p]itus1 exp]s a/ronomiae fu]it 4440 ,und\bt$ly ! two 7 ! same4 #bfhf ,( ,john ( ,seville's translation ! ,,mss are m num]\s4 ,! foll[+ w s]ve z a repres5tative4 ,royal #ab-;,c-,,xviii1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #ajv-#abr1 8,dixit !by? b5corat et dixit ari/oteles qui philosophiam et geometriam ex]cet et omnem sci5tiam legit et ab a/ronomia vacuus fu]it erit occupatus et vacuus quod dignior geometria et altior philosophia e/ ymag9um sci5tia4 _/ ,explicit tractatus de imag9ibus ,!bi? ,b5cora? translatus a ,iohanne ,hyspal5si atque ,limi5si 9 ,limia ex ,arabico 9 ,lat9um4 ,sit laus deo maximo40 ,?is is ! v]sion cit$ by ,mi*ael ,scot 9 8 ,lib] ,introductorius 7,bodleian #bff1 fol4 #bjj7 :]e he gives ! ,incipit1 8,dix]unt enim !bi? b5*ora? et ari/oteles quod si quis philosophiam 44410 etc41 sub/antially z above4 ,b n[ comes a good joke on ,alb]tus1 :o has li/$ among good a/ronomical books ( images 7,speculum a/ronomiae1 cap4 xi1 ,borgnet1 p4 #fdb7 ! "w ( 8,!bi? eb5 *ora?0 op5+ 8,dixit ,a4 qui philosophiam 4440 :i* ( c\rse is t j m5tion$4 ,?us he condemns "o translation ( ! same book & approves ! o!r2 is he p]haps hav+ "s fun at ! exp5se ( ! oppon5ts ( bo? a/rology & necromancy8 ,x w be not$ t x is ,ari/otle1 r ?an ,h]mes or ,ptolemy1 :o is cit$ at ! />t 9 ,john ( ,seville's translation4 ,i !re=e am unc]ta9 :e!r ,*wolson has our treatise 9 m9d1 :5 he speaks ( ,!bit's comm5t+ ^u 8e9e pseudoh]metis*e ,s*rift b] ,talismane u4s4w40 ,9 ! pr9t$ text ( #aeei ,ari/otle & ,ptolemy are cit$ 9 ! fir/ p>agraph1 b 9 ! ,,mss ,ari/otle is cit$ twice4 #bfhg ,"s o!r ,,mss diff] slightly f ! =ego+ 9 _! op5+ words1 b p]haps n en\gh to sugge/ a ?ird translation3 ,a%mole #cdf1 #af? c5tury1 fols4 #aac-aev1 8,incipit lib] de ymag9ibus secundum ,!bit4 ,9 nom9e pii et mis]icordis ,dei4 ,dixit ,!bit qui geometrie aut ,philosophie exp]s fu]it40 ,bodleian #dfc 7,b]n>d #bdef71 writt5 9 ,spa91 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #ger-#gev1 8,dixit !bit b5corat ,ar4 qui legit phylosophiam et geumetriam et omnem sci5tiam et ali5us fu]it ab a/ronomia erit imp$itus vel occupatus40 ,! foll[+ ,,mss ascribe ! translation to ,john ( ,spa9 & h ! usual op5+ words1 8,dixit ,!bit b5 ,corat1 ,dixit ,ari/oteles1 qui philosophiam1 etc40 ,digby #aid1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #adev-4 ,s4 ,m>co ,,xi-#ajb1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #aej-ec4 ,b]l9 #ifc1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #adj- 8,dixit !bit b5 cora* ,cum volu]is op]>i de ymag9ibus10 b !n at fol4 #aii1 ) ! usual ,incipit4 ,h>leian #hj has ! fir/ "p miss+ b ends1 fol4 #gfr1 l ,john's translation4 ,/ill o!r ,,mss are3 ,h>leian #cfdg1 #ac? c5tury4 ,sloane #chdf1 fols4 #hfv-#ic2 #chdg2 & #chhc1 fols4 #hg-ic3 all ?ree #ag? c5tury4 ,amplon4 ,qu>to #agd1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #abj-a4 ,,bn #gbhb1 #ae? c5tury1 #d1 int]prete ,joanne ,hispal5si4 ,b]l9 #ifd1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #bac-e4 ,vi5na #bcgh1 #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #da-fc4 ,,clm #bg1 #ad-ae? c5tury1 fols4 #ga-gg2 #ei1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #bci-dc4 ,flor5ce ,,ii-iii-#bad1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #a-d1 8,incipit lib] ,!bit ,b5*orac de sci5tia omig>um et imag9um47,d7 ixit ,ari/otiles qui40 #bfhh ,de tribus imag9ibus magicis1 ,frankfurt1 #aeei4 #bfhi ,m9]al4 ,,ii1 iii1 #c4 #bfij ,magliabe*4 ,,xx-#bj1 fol4 #abr2 ,sloane #acje1 fol4 #air4 #bfia ,conciliator1 ,diff4 ,x41 fol4 #af;,,gh1 9 ed4 ,v5ice1 #aebf4 #bfib ,comm5t>y on ! ,sph]e1 cap4 #c4 #bfic ,also giv5 z ,muhammad ibn ,zak>iya 7,abu ,bakr7 ar-,razi & ,abu ,bekr ,mohamm$ b5 ,za*>iah4 #bfid ,)+ton 9 8 ,m$ical ,hi/ory1 #ahid1 gives ! date z #icb1 p]haps by a mispr9t4 #bfie ,ibn ,abi ,usaibi'a 7#abjc-abfi1 himself a physician & son ( an oculi/7 8,s\rces ( ,in=mation conc]n+ ,classes ( ,physicians10 compil$ at ,damascus1 #abde-abdf1 ed4 by ,mll]1 ,cairo1 #ahhb2 & ,ibn ,khallikan 7#abaa-abhb71 8,obitu>ies ( ,m5 ( ,note10 writt5 betwe5 #abef & #abgd4 ,= ^! titles & mo/ ( ! g5]al acc\nt ( ! life & works ( ,rasis :i* foll[s ,i am indebt$ to ,g4 ,s4 ,a4 ,rank+'s 8,! ,life & ,works ( ,rhazes10 pp4 #bcg-fh1 9 ,transactions ( ! ,sev5te5? ,int]national ,congress ( ,m$ic9e1 ,section ,,xxiii1 ,london1 #aiac4 #bfif ,! li/ is reproduc$ by ,rank+ 7#aiac7 9 ,arabic & ,lat91 l>gely on ! basis ( a ,,ms at ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[1 :i* conta9s a ,lat9 translation by a ,greek prie/1 :o di$ 9 #agbi1 ( ! ,arabic "w ( ,usaibi'a1 or "p ( x1 m5tion$ 9 ! previ\s note3 ,hunt]ian ,libr>y1 ,,ms #dd1 fols4 #a-aiv4 #bfig ,i h exam9$ bo? ^! editions at ! ,briti% ,museum2 ,)+ton does n m5tion !m 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,m$ic9e1 b cites editions ( ! ,cont95s1 ,v5ice1 #aedb1 & ,op]a ,p>va1 #aeaj1 & a mod]n edition 7#aheh7 by ! ,syd5ham ,society ( ,on ! ,small ,pox & ,measles4 ,! pages are n numb]$ 9 ! edition ( #adha1 s t ,i %all n be able to give exact ref]5ces to !m4 #bfih ,?is 0 sometimes reproduc$ sep>ately3 see ,wolf5bttel #bhhe1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #a1 ,phisonomia ,rasis1 fol4 #b1 ,phisonomia ,ari/etelis1 ,rasis et ,philom5is1 summorum magi/rorum 9 philosophia4 #bfii ,x occupies b a little ov] ?ree pages 9 ! #adha edition4 ,s9ce 9 ! middle ( ! treatise we read 8,magi/] rasis fecit caut]iz>i quidem ar!ticum 44410 etc41 x is p]haps by a disciple r ?an ,rasis himself4 #bgjj #gi1 ,diss]tatio de causis quae pl]orumque hom9um animos a prae/antissimis ad viliores quosque m$icos sol5t deflect]e4 #abd1 ,lib]1 ,quod m$icus acutus non sit ille qui possit omnes cur>e morbos quoniam hoc non e/ 9 hom9um pote/ate 4441 #abe1 ,epi/ola1 ,quod artifex omnibus num]is absolutus 9 quacumque arte non exi/at n$um 9 m$ic9a speciatim3 et de causa cur imp]iti m$ici1 vulgus1 et etiam muli]es 9 civitatibus1 foeliciores s9t 9 san&is quibusdam morbis quam viri doctissimi et de excusatione m$ici hoc propt]4 ,!re appe>s to be a ,g]man translation by ,/e9s*neid] ( ?is "w by ,rasis on ! success ( quacks & *>latans 9 ,vir*['s ,ar*iv f4 ,pa?ologis*e ,anatomie1 ,,xxxvi1 #egj-hf4 #bgja ,rank+ 7#aiac71 #ahj1 #ae1 #ach1 #afc4 #bgjb ,ibid41 #acg2 also #ade1 ,supplem5tum libris ,plut>*i4 #bgjc ,ibid4 #abf1 ,lib]1 ,de probatis et exp]i5tia comp]tis 9 arte m$ica2 p] modum syntagmatis e/ dige/us4 #bje1 ,lib]1 ,quod 9 morbis qui det]m9>i atque explic>i non possunt oporteat ut m$icus sit assiduus apud aegrotantem et debeat uti exp]im5tis ad illos cognosc5dos4 ,et de m$ici fluctatione4 #bgjd ,ibid4 #be1 #bf1 #cb-ce1 #ch1 #dj4 ,i %\ld guess t #bja1 ,arcanum arcanorum de sapi5tia1 0 ! same z #ce1 ,arcanum arcanorum4 #bgje ,ibid4 #dj1 ,responsio ad philosophum el-,k5di eo quod artem al-,*ymi 9 impossibili posu]it4 #bgjf ,b]!lot 7#ahic71 ,i1 #fh & #bhf-g4 ,on ! al*emy ( ,rasis see fur!r 9 ?is same volume ! *apt]1 ,l',al*imie de ,rasis et du ,pseudo-,ari/ote4 #bgjg ,,bn #fead & #gaef4 #bgjh ,ricc>dian #aai1 fol4 #cev1 8,incipit lib] lum9is lum9um translatus a magi/ro mi*ahele scotto philosopho40 ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,wood ,br[n 7#ahig71 p4 #bdj et seq4 #bgji ,lippmann 7#aiai71 p4 #djj1 cit+ ! ,biographies ( ,albaihaqi 7#aaje-aafi74 #bgaj ,rank+1 #h4 #bgaa ,ibid4 #ajg4 #bgab ,rank+1 #acd4 ,o!r titles 9 ma!matics & a/ronomy are3 #gc1 ,lib] de spha]is et m5suris comp5diosis2 #abh1 ,de septem planetis et de sapi5tia2 #aee1 ,de quadrato 9 ma!si epi/ola2 also #aji & #aaj4 #bgac ,ibid4 #ac4 #bgad ,ibid4 #ea4 #bgae ,ibid4 #aeh1 ,de necessitate precationis4 #bgaf ,pr9t$ z ! ,lapid>y ( ,ari/otle1 ,m]seburg1 #adgc1 p4 #b4 #bgag ,see ,de la ,ville de ,mirmont1 ,l',a/rologie *ez les ,gallo-,roma9s1 ,bordeaux1 #aijd2 also publi%$ 9 ,revue des tudes anci5nes1 #aijb1 p4 #aae-2 #aijc1 p4 #bee-2 #aijf1 p4 #abh-4 #bgah ,g\jet 7#agcg71 p4 #ej2 cit$ by ,c4 ,j\rda9 7#ahch71 pp4 #bh-i4 #bgai ,,hl ,,iv1 #bgd-e2 ,v1 #ahb-c2 ,,vi1 #i-aj4 #bgbj ,palat4 ,lat4 #dhg1 fol4 #dj1 op5+1 8,n\o et insolito sid]um ortu infau/a qua$am uel tri/itia potius quam laeta uel prosp]a mis]is u5tura signific>i mortalibus p5e omnia uet]um ae/imauit auctoritas40 #bgba ,,hl ,,vii1 #acg4 #bgbb ,erne/ ,wick]%eim]1 ,figures mdico-a/rologiques des neuvime1 dixime et onzime sicles1 9 ,transactions ( ! ,sev5te5? ,int]national ,congress ( ,m$ic9e1 ,section ,,xxiii1 ,hi/ory ( ,m$ic9e1 ,london1 #aiac1 p4 #cac et seq4 ,i h n se5 ,a4 ,fis*] ,ab]glaube unt] d5 ,angelsa*s51 ,me9+51 #ahia1 or ,m4 ,fr/]1 ,die ,kle9litt]atur des ,ab]glaub5s im ,alt5glis*51 9 ,ar*iv4 f4 d4 ,/udium d4 ,neu]4 ,spra*51 vol4 #aaj1 pp4 #cdf-eh4 #bgbc ,*>les ,s+]1 ,/udies 9 ! ,hi/ory & ,me?od ( ,sci5ce1 ,ox=d1 #aiag1 ,plate ,,xv1 opposite p4 #dj1 reproduces ?is illum9ation4 ,! ,,ms1 ,,bn #gjbh1 seems to h once belong$ to ! abbey ( ,/4 ,hil>y at ,poiti]s4 #bgbd ,besides ^? 9 ,france m5tion$ by ,wick]%eim] may be not$ two ( ! t5? c5tury at ,muni*3 ,,clm #ahfbi1 fol4 #aje1 8,tabula cosmica cum nom9ibus v5torum1 g]manicorum quoque02 ,,clm #ahgfd1 fols4 #gi-hj1 8,s*ema de g5itura mundi40 ,also ,vatic4 ,lat4 #fde1 #i? c5tury1 fol4 #ff1 ,v5torum imag9es et 9 circulo ,adam 9 m$io f]>um2 fol4 #ffv1 ,planet>um figura4 ,?is same ,,ms conta9s a conjuration writt5 9 a lat] h& ( ! elev5? or twelf? c5tury3 fol4 #dv1 8,9 nom9e patris4444 ,tres angeli ambulav]unt 9 monte44440 ,= su* an a/rological diagram 9 an ,arabic "w ( ! t5? c5tury see ,e4 ,g4 ,br[ne 7#aiba71 #aag-h4 #bgbe ,ami5s1 fonds ,lescalopi]1 #b1 #aa? c5tury1 fols4 #a-ab4 #bgbf ,= in/ance1 = ,febru>y1 8,bibe agrimoniam et apii sem52 oculos turbul5tos san>e debes03 = ,m>*1 8,m]um dulce primum bibe1 assum balneum usita1 sangu9em non m9uas1 ruta et leve/ico ut]e40 #bgbg ,ibid41 fols4 #aa & #ai4 #bgbh ,pembroke #bgh1 e>ly #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #be1 8,compotus e/ sci5cia consid]ans tempora40 #bgbi ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afaf1 #ad leaves4 #bgcj ,,bn #gbii;,a4 #bgca ,,bn #gbii;,a1 fols4 #cev1 #cgv1 #efr4 #bgcb ,notk] is especially fam$ = 8 translations ) le>n$ comm5t>ies f ,lat9 into ,g]man1 ( :i* five are extant1 namely3 ,! ,consolation ( ,philosophy ( ,boe?ius1 ,! ,m>riage ( ,m]cury & ,philology ( ,m>tianus ,capella1 ! ,psalt]1 & ,ari/otle1 ,de categoriis & ,de int]pretatione3 see ,pip]1 ,die ,s*rift5 ,notk]s1 ,freiburg1 #ahhb-ahhc1 vols4 ,i-,,iii4 #bgcc ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #bbi1 fols4 #ajv-#adv4 ,notk] erk5h>do discipulo de ,,iiii que/ionibus compoti4 ,x seems n to h be5 pr9t$4 #bgcd ,cotton ,tib]ius ,a1 ,,iii1 a ,,ms writt5 9 v>i\s h&s be=e ! ,norman conque/1 p>tly 9 ,lat9 & p>tly 9 ,anglo-,saxon1 & conta9+ among o!r ?+s ! ,colloquy ( ,aelfric4 ,our item occurs at fol4 #cdr 9 ,lat9 ) an ,anglo-,saxon int]l9e> v]sion1 & at fol4 #civ 9 ,anglo-,saxon only4 ,cotton ,titus ,d1 ,,xxvi1 #aj? c5tury1 fols4 #ajv-#aav1 gives a slightly diff]5t v]sion = "s days ( ! week4 #bgce ,h>leian #cjag1 #aj? c5tury1 fols4 #fcr-#fdv1 ,,clm #fchb1 #aa? c5tury1 fol4 #db1 ,supputatio ,esdrae2 ,incipit1 8,kal4 ,jan4 si fu]9t dom9ico die hiems bona erit40 ,vatican1 ,palat4 ,lat4 #bce1 #aj-aa? c5tury1 fol4 #ci1 8,subputatio quam subputavit ,esdras 9 templo ,hi]usalem10 op5+1 8,si 9 prima f]ia fu]9t kl4 ,ianu>ii hiemps bona erit40 ,also f\nd 9 ,eg]ton #hba1 fol4 #ar1 :i* is ( ! twelf? c5tury & adds a m elaborate me?od ( div9ation accord+ to :at planet rules ! fir/ h\r ( ! fir/ night ( ,janu>y & :i* ( its #bh mansions ! moon is 94 ,,clm #iiba1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #a1 is a cal5d> ) v]ses beg9n+1 8,jani prima dies et septima f9e timetur40 #bgcf ,sloane #dge1 ?is portion p]haps #aa? c5tury1 fol4 #bagr4 ,o!r ,,mss ( lat] date ?an ! p]iod we are n[ consid]+ are3 ,h>leian #bbeh1 fol4 #aia1 8progno/ica a die nativitatis ,dom9i a luna et somniis petita10 pr$ictions f ,*ri/mas1 ! moon1 & dreams4 ,,cul #acch1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #fev1 ,progno/ications d]iv$ f ! day on :i* ,*ri/mas falls 79 ,lat972 fol4 #gdv1 ,progno/ications drawn f ! day ( ! week on :i* ! ye> comm5ces4 ,,cu ,tr9ity #aaji1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #adh1 8,progno/ica anni sequ5tis ex die natalium ,dom9i40 #bgcg ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afaf1 #i? c5tury1 fol4 #abv4 ,simil> lat] ,,mss are3 ,digby #hf1 #ac? c5tury1 fols4 #cb-d1 ,progno/icatio ex v5to 9 nocte ,natalis ,dom9i1 & fols4 #djv-#dar1 8,les s+nes del j\r de ,n\el10 pr$ictions 9 ,fr5* accord+ to ! day ( ! week on :i* ,*ri/mas falls4 ,digby #hh1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #gg1 8,h[e all ye y]e ys rewlyde by ! day t ,*ri/emas day fally! on10 & fol4 #djr1 8,progno/ication f ! sight ( ! sun on ,*ri/mas & ! t5 days foll[+0 7,progno/icatio ex visione solis 9 die ,natalis ,dom9i et 9 decem diebus subsequ5tibus71 & fol4 #ge1 a poem ( progno/ications = ,*ri/mas day4 ,?is same ,,ms conta9s a l>ge numb] ( o!r brief anonym\s treatises 9 ! fields ( a/rology & div9ation4 #bgch ,titus ,d1 ,,xxvi1 fol4 #iv4 ,tib]ius ,a1 ,,iii1 fols4 #chr & #cer4 ,cockayne1 ,lee*doms etc41 ,,iii1 #aej-bie1 9 ,,rs vol4 #ce1 publi%$ ?is & a numb] ( o!r extracts f ,tib]ius ,a1 ,,iii1 & o!r e>ly ,engli% ,,mss4 ,vi5na #bbde1 #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #eir-#fiv are devot$ to v>i\s progno/ications1 beg9n+ )1 8,?ree days are to be obs]v$ above all o!rs10 & end+ )1 8,?und] at dawn signifies ! bir? ( a k+40 ,a dream book by ,daniel foll[s at fols4 #fiv-#ger4 #bgci ,vatican ,palat4 ,lat4 #bce1 fol4 #dj1 8,9 m5se ,ianu>io si tonitru fu]it40 ,9 ,eg]ton #hba1 #ab? c5tury1 ! significance ( ?und] is giv5 accord+ to ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac1 & we are told ( :at ! ,egyptians write1 & ( fam9e 9 ,babylon4 ,9 ,,cul #afhg1 #ac-ad? c5tury1 fols4 #fhv-#fir1 ,lat9 v]ses conta9+ progno/ications conc]n+ ?und] are foll[$ by 8a li/ ( ! numb] ( qu>t]s ( fl\r1 be]1 etc41 us$ 9 ! ye> at ! mona/]y0 & by 8a note on ! symbolism ( ! pa/oral /aff40 #bgdj ,comb9$ ) ! me?od by ! day ( ! week 9 ,,bn #gbii;,a1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #cgv4 #bgda ,tib]ius ,a1 ,,iii1 fol4 #fcr2 ,vatican ,palat4 ,lat4 #bce1 fol4 #dj4 #bgdb ,tib]ius ,a1 ,,iii1 fol4 #chv4 #bgdc ,sloane #dge1 fol4 #acev4 #bgdd ,sloane #dge1 fol4 #accr4 ,! me?od is almo/ id5tical ) t ( ! sph]es ( life & dea?1 ( :i* we %all speak pres5tly4 ,9 ,,cu ,tr9ity #ihg1 ,! ,cant]bury ,psalt]1 ab\t #aaej ,a4 ,d41 ! value assign$ ,dies ,solis is #bd4 #bgde ,vatic4 ,palat4 ,lat4 #bce1 fol4 #dj1 8,de lunae obs]vatione3 ,luna ,i omnibus rebus ag5dis utilis40 ,tib]ius ,a1 ,,iii1 fol4 #fcr1 :]e1 h[ev]1 su* p>ts ( ! day z morn+ & ev5+ are fur!r di/+ui%$4 ,vatic4 ,palat4 ,lat4 #dhe1 #i? c5tury1 fol4 #aev1 8,ad sangu9em m9u5dum10 m]ely /ates :i* days ( ! moon are favorable or unfavorable = blood-lett+4 ,/4 ,john's #ag1 #aaaj ,a4 ,d41 fol4 #d1 ,luna quibus diebus bona e/ et quibus non2 fol4 #aedv1 a table ( lucky & unlucky numb]s4 #bgdf ,h>leian #cjag1 fol4 #ehv2 ! ,incipit /ates t x is by ! same au?or z ! prec$+ ,sph]e ( ,py?agoras & ,apuleius4 ,titus ,d1 ,,xxvi1 fol4 #h4 ,cotton ,caligula ,a1 ,,xv1 #aj? c5tury1 fol4 #abav1 ,lat9 & ,anglo-,saxon4 ,eg]ton #hba1 fol4 #cbr1 is a twelf? c5tury in/ance4 ,! me?od seems comb9$ or confus$ ) ! ,egyptian days 9 ,vatic4 ,palat4 ,lat4 #dhe1 #i? c5tury1 fol4 #acv1 8,dies aegyptiaci4 ,signa 9 quibus aegrotus an p]iclit>e aut evad]e non pote/10 b op5+1 8,luna ,i4 qui cecid]it 9 infirmitatem difficile euadit40 #bgdg ,h>leian #cjag1 fol4 #ehv1 8,incipit lun>ium sancti danihel de nativitate infantium4 ,luna ,i qui fu]it natus vitalis erit2 ,luna ,,ii1 m$iocris erit 444 ,luna ,,iiii1 tractator regum erit 444 ,luna ,,xii1 religiosus erit 444 ,luna ,,xxx1 negotias multas tractabit40 ,tib]ius ,a1 ,,iii1 fols4 #fcr & #cdv4 ,titus ,d1 ,,xxvi1 fols4 #gv & #fv4 #bgdh ,tib]ius ,a1 ,,iii1 fol4 #ccv4 ,titus ,d1 ,,xxvi1 fol4 #ir4 ,,clm #fchb1 #aa? c5tury1 fol4 #db1 ,de somni u]is uel m5dosis quidam incipiunt 9 aetatibus lunae exploratis4 #bgdi ,tib]ius ,a1 ,,iii1 fols4 #cjv-#ccv1 8,f9iunt somnia danielis prophete40 ,sloane #dge1 fols4 #baa-f1 is almo/ id5tical1 b ,i believe does n m5tion ,daniel z its au?or4 ,vatic4 ,palat4 ,lat4 #bce1 fol4 #civ4 ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afaf1 #i? c5tury1 is r\ghly simil> b names no au?or & does n di/+ui% ! fates ( boys & girls4 ,x usually /ates :e!r slaves :o run away & ?ieves :o /eal on ! day 9 "q w be caught or escape4 ,x op5s & closes ?us3 8,luna prima qui inc5ditur 9 ipsa sanabitur et bona et 9 omnibus d>e et accip]e et nub]e et navig>e 9 m>e et v5d]e et em]e et omnis quicumque fug]it 9 ipsa aut s]vus aut lib] non pot]it s$ capitur aut qui inc5dit inc5dio sanabitur 7presumably an allusion to ! m$ical practice ( caut]ization7 et qui natus fu]it vitalis erit 444_/ 444 ,luna ,,xxx bona e/ ambul>e 9 piscatione et qui fugit po/ multos annos rev]titur 9 loco suo et qui natus fu]it dives erit et honoratissimus erit et qui incadit aut m&ucet aut non vivet p]iculo mortis habebit40 ,titus ,d1 ,,xxvii1 fols4 #bb-ber1 8judicia de diebus quibusdam cuiusque m5sis02 fols4 #bg-i1 8argum5tum lun>e1 qu&o et qualit] obs]v5tur tempora ad res ag5das40 ,( ! twelf? c5tury1 ,vi5na #becb1 fols4 #ee-i1 8,luna ,i4 ,hec dies omnibus egrotantibus utilis e/ 444_/ 444 ,pu] natus negotia multa sectabit40 #bgej ,sloane #bdfa1 end ( #ac? c5tury1 fols4 #fb-d4 ,no ,biblical "* is m5tion$ = ! fif? & six? days1 b we are told t on ! sev5? day ( ! moon ,abel 0 sla9 by ,ca94 ,,bn #cffj;,a1 #af? c5tury1 fols4 #ecr-#egr1 ascribes ! bir? ( ,nebu*adnezz> to ! fif? day1 leaves ! six? blank1 has ,abel sla9 on ! sev5?1 ,me?usaleh born on ! eigh?1 ,lame* on ! n9?1 & s on4 ,eg]ton #hba1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #abr1 8,natus e/ ,samuel propheta44440 ,digby #hh1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #fbr1 has ,engli% v]ses beg9n+3 8,god made ,adam ! fyr/ day ( ! moone1 ,& ! second day ,eve good d$is to doone40 ,a simil> poem occurs at fol4 #fd ( ! same ,,ms & 9 ,a%mole #ahi1 fol4 #bacv4 #bgea ,a%mole #cfa1 mid #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #aefv-#aehv1 8,i/e sunt lunaciones quas ,adam primus homo disposuit secundum v]am exp]i5tiam quam etiam suis filiis tradidit et quam maxime ,abel et cet]is de po/]itate ad quos etiam concordavit ,daniel propheta 44402 fol4 #aei1 8,modo agitur de num]o lune ad vid5dum que sit bona vel que mala et usum i/>um lunacionum inv5]unt ,adam et ,daniel propheta40 #bgeb ,canon4 ,misc4 #eag1 fol4 #cer1 8,incipit sci5tia edita ab edri philosopho a/rologo et m$ico40 #bgec ,,bn #cffj;,a1 fols4 #ecr-#egr4 ,9 ! catalogue ( ,a%burnham ,,mss at ,flor5ce ! "n ( ,giovann9o di ,graziano is connect$ ) a moon-book 9 ,a%burnham #acj1 #ac-ae? c5tury1 fols4 #be-f1 8,luna prima ,adam natus fuit44440 ,b p]haps ?is "n %\ld g only ) "s progno/ications1 exorcisms1 & recipes :i* occur at ! close ( ! pr$ictions = ! ?irty days ( ! moon4 #bged ,ed4 ,leemans1 #ahcc-ahhe4 #bgee ,b\*-,lecl]cq 7#ahii71 #ecg-db2 7#ahgi-ahhb71 ,i1 #beh-fe4 ,b]!lot1 ,al*imi/es grecs 7#ahhh71 ,i1 #hf-ij4 ,k4 ,sudh(f 7#aijb71 pp4 #d-f4 #bgef ,arundel #cai1 #ac? c5tury1 fol4 #br1 ,v]sus de fau/is vel infau/is nom9ibus pugnantium1 is a m$ieval ,lat9 example4 #bgeg ,pr9t$ among treatises ( dubi\s or spuri\s au?or%ip ) ,b$e's works1 ,migne1 ,,pl #ij1 #ifc-f2 & m rec5tly 9 ,riess' edition ( ! fragm5ts ( ,ne*epso & ,petosiris 7,philologus1 ,suppl4 ,,vi1 #ahia-ahic1 pp4 #chb-c7 f ,cod4 ,laur4 ,,xxxviii1 #bd1 #i-aj? c5tury1 fol4 #agdv4 ,wick]%eim] 7#aiac71 pp4 #cae-g1 notes ,,bn #aghfh1 #aj? c5tury1 fol4 #ac4 ,= o!r ,,mss see ,app5dix ,i to ?is *apt]4 #bgeh ,pr9t$ by ,paul ,lehmann1 ,apuleiusfragm5te1 ,h]mes ,,xlix 7#aiad71 #fab-bj4 ,= a li/ ( "s ,,mss ( x see ,app5dix ,i at ! close ( ?is *apt]4 #bgei ,polycraticus ,i1 #ac1 ed4 ,webb1 ,i1 #ed4 ,mr4 ,webb 9 a note ref]s to an article 9 a ,g]man p]iodical 7,k4 ,gill]t1 ,neues ,ar*iv d4 ,gesells*aft f4 lt]e deuts*e ,ges*i*tskunde1 ,v1 #bed7 conc]n+ a ,,ms ( ! ,sph]e ( ,py?agoras pres]v$ at ,petrograd1 b says no?+ ( ! ,,mss 9 ! ,briti% ,museum li/$ 9 ,app5dix ,i to ?is *apt]1--a good illu/ration ( ! unnecess>y obsequi\sness ( ,engli% t[>ds ,g]man s*ol>%ip :i* has frequ5tly prevail$ 9 ! pa/4 #bgfj ,a few ( !m w be f\nd li/$ 9 ,app5dix ,i to ?is *apt]4 #bgfa ,eg]ton #hba1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #aer1 8,hec e/ sp]a quod fecit sanctus ,donatus4 ,quicumque egrot>e incipit44440 ,x is foll[$ on ! next page by ! usual figure = ! ,sph]e ( ,apuleius4 #bgfb ,h>leian #agce2 ! passages ref]r$ to 9 ! foll[+ acc\nt occur at fols4 #cfv1 #da1 #dc1 #bi1 #ddv1 #dj1 & #civ respectively4 #bgfc ,see ,app5dix ,,ii to ?is *apt] = a li/ ( ,,mss o!r ?an ^? m5tion$ 9 ! foll[+ notes4 #bgfd ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #afaf1 #i? c5tury1 fol4 #abr4 #bgfe ,digby #fc1 end ( #i? c5tury1 fol4 #cf4 #bgff ,ibid41 fols4 #dj-e4 #bgfg ,,cu ,tr9ity #acfi1 #aa? c5tury1 fol4 iv4 #bgfh ,,bn #gbii;,a1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #cgv4 #bgfi ,= fur!r in=mation on ?is po9t see ,budge1 ,egyptian ,magic1 #ahii1 pp4 #bbe-h2 ,web/]1 ,re/ ,days1 #aiaf1 pp4 #bie-g4 #bggj ,web/] 7#aiaf71 pp4 #cjj-cja1 h[ev]1 speaks ( #cj 9 a #ad? c5tury ,,ms1 #cb 9 an ,engli% ,,ms ( ,h5ry ,,vi's reign1 & #ca 9 ano!r #ae? c5tury ,,ms4 #bgga ,cit$ by ,b\*-,lecl]cq1 ,l',a/rologie grecque1 #ahii1 pp4 #dhe-f1 #fbc4 #bggb ,de proprietatibus r]um1 #adhh1 ,l9delba*1 ,heidelb]g1 ,,ix1 #bj4 ,?is is n to say1 h[ev]1 t !y always appe> 9 m$ieval cal5d>s2 ,i did n f9d !m 9 any ( ! #ad? & #ae? c5tury cal5d>s f ,apulia & ,iapygia publi%$ by ,g4 ,m4 ,giov5e1 ,kal5d>ia vet]a1 ,naples1 #ahbh4 ,8 cal5d>s consi/ ( little save sa9ts' days1 al?\gh 9 "s ( !m ! beg9n+ ( dog-days is m>k$ & :5 ! sun ent]s ea* sign ( ! zodiac4 #bggc 8,black e>?0 0 ! "n giv5 by ! ,egyptians to _! c\ntry4 #bggd ,imago mundi1 ,,ii1 #aji4 #bgge ,speculum naturale1 ,,xvi1 #hc1 pr9t$ by ,an?4 ,koburg]1 ,nrnb]g1 #adhe4 #bggf ,,hl #be1 #cbi4 ,my impression is t "s m$ieval a/ronom]s also d5i$ to ^! ,egyptian days any a/rological importance1 s9ce !y always came ^u ! same days ( ! mon?s )\t ref]5ce to ! phases ( ! moon or c\rses ( ! o!r planets3 b ,i _c put my h& on su* passages4 #bggg ,& is approv+ly cit$ to t effect by ,arnald ( ,villanova1 ,regulae g5]ales curationis morborum4 ,doctr9a ,,iv4 #bggh ,a%mole #cfa1 mid #ad? c5tury1 fols4 #aehv-#aei4 #bggi ,,bn #gccg1 #ad-ae? c5tury1 p4 #ge4 ,ad-,damr /ates 9 8 zoological lexicon1 7ed4 ,a4 ,s4 ,g4 ,jayak]1 #aijf1 ,i1 #acd7 t ,mohamm$ is report$ to h said1 8,be cauti\s ( twelve days 9 ! ye>1 because !y are su* z cause ! loss ( prop]ty & br+ on disgrace or di%onor40 #bghj ,m4 ,hamilton1 ,greek ,sa9ts & ,_! ,fe/ivals1 #aiaj1 p4 #ahg1 /ates t 89 all p>ts ( 7mod]n7 ,greece on c]ta9 days ( ,augu/ & ,m>* x is consid]$ necess>y to ab/a9 f p>ticul> k9ds ( "w 9 ord] to avoid disa/]40 #bgha ,m5tion may p]haps be made 9 ?is connection ( ! 8,tobias nights10 ?ree nights ( ab/95ce :i* newly w$d$ c\ples 7 sometimes accu/om$ to obs]ve 9 ! middle ages 9 ord] to defeat ! demons4 ,! practice is m5tion$ 9 ! ,vulgate1 b n 9 mo/ anci5t v]sions ( ! ,book ( ,tobit4 ,9 #adji ! citiz5s ( ,abbeville won a lawsuit ) ! bi%op ( ,ami5s :o claim$ ! "r to grant disp5sations f ! obs]vance ( ! ,tobias nights & requir$ t fees be paid him = t purpose4 ,see ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz] 7#aiah71 ,i1 #dih-ebj1 :]e analog\s practices ( primitive tribes are li/$4 #bghb ,bateson1 ,m$ieval ,engl&1 #aijd1 p4 #gb2 ,i h 9 ! ma9 foll[$ ! full] acc\nt 9 ,,dnb 8,g]>d10 f :i* ! previ\s quotation is tak54 ,william ( ,malmesbury1 ,ge/a ,pontificum ,anglorum1 ,,iii1 #aah 7ed4 ,n4 ,e4 ,s4 ,a4 ,hamilton1 ,,rs1 vol4 #eb1 #ahgj7 does n say def9itely t ! book f\nd "u ,g]>d's pill[ 0 ,firmicus4 ,also he says no?+ ( boys /on+ ! bi] or ( ,g]>d's enemies int]pret+ 8 dea? z a div9e judgm5t1 & 9 8 autograph copy ( ! ,ge/a ,pontificum he aft]w>ds eras$ ! /atem5ts t rumor accus$ ,g]>d ( _m crimes & lu/s1 & t he 0 said to practice sorc]y because he read ,julius ,firmicus on ! sly be=e ! midday h\rs1 & t p say t a book ( curi\s arts 0 f\nd b5ea? 8 pill[ :5 he di$4 ,?is1 ! late m$ieval *ronicl]s say1 0 ,firmicus3 see ,ranulf ,higd51 ed4 ,lumby1 ,,vii1 #dbj1 & ,knyghton1 ed4 ,twysd51 ,x1 ,,ss41 #bcge4 #bghc ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ed4 ,kroll et ,skuts*1 ,,ii 7#aiac71 p4 iv2 & ,f4 ,lieb]mann1 ed4 ,quadrip>titus1 ,halle1 #ahib1 p4 #cf1 & ,die ,gesetze d] ,angelsa*s51 ,halle1 #aijc-aijf1 ,i1 #edh4 #bghd ,c4 ,j\rda91 ,nicolas ,oresme et les a/rologues la c\r de ,*>les ,v1 9 ,revue des ,que/ions ,hi/oriques1 #ahge1 p4 #acf4 #bghe ,engli% translation1 ed4 ( #ahih1 p4 #ejh4 #bghf ,n4 ,valois 7#ahhj71 p4 #cje4 #bghg ,additional #ag1hjh1 a n>r[ folio 9 vellum ) all ! treatises writt5 9 ! same l>ge1 pla9 h& ) few abbreviations4 ,a consid]able "p ( ! ,,ms is occupi$ by ! "w on music ( ,guido ( ,arezzo 7c4 #iie-ajej74 ,?is ,,ms is n not$ by ,wick]%eim] or by ,bubnov1 al?\gh x includes treatises on ! abacus & ! a/rolabe :i* are p]haps by ,g]b]t4 #bghh ,,bn #ag1hfh1 f ! *apt] ( ,notre ,dame ( ,p>is1 #ba leaves4 ,wick]%eim] 7#aiac71 #cba-c1 /ates t x has all ! m>ks ( ! writ+ ( ! t5? c5tury3 ,delisle s dat$ x4 ,bubnov 7#ahii71 ,,lxvii1 reg>ds fols4 #adr et seq4 z by a slightly old] h& ?an ! fir/ portion4 #bghi ,bubnov 7#ahii71 #abd-f1 note4 #bgij ,,clm #efj1 describ$ 9 ,bubnov1 ,g]b]ti op]a ma!matica1 #ahii1 p4 xli4 #bgia ,ibid41 fols4 #afr-#ai1 ,fragm5tum libelli de a/rolabio a quodam ex ,arabico v]si4 ,incipit1 8,ad intimas summe phylosophie discipl9as et sublimia ipsius p]fectionis ar*i/]ia40 ,pr9t$ by ,bubnov 7#ahii71 pp4 #cgj-ge4 #bgib ,incipit 8,quicumque a/ronomiam p]itiam discipl9ae02 ! pr9t$ editions ins]t a disc]e aft] a/ronomiam1 b x has n be5 !re 9 ! ,,mss :i* ,i h se5 & is n ne$$4 ,pr9t$ by ,pez1 ,!saurus ,anecdotorum ,noviss4 ,,iii1 ii1 #aji-cj1 7#agba7 & incorrectly ascrib$ by him to ,h]mannus ,contractus1 because x (t5 occurs 9 ! ,,mss toge!r ) ano!r treatise on ! a/rolabe by a 8,h]imannus ,*ri/i paup]um p]ipsima et philosophiae tyronum asello imo limace t>dior assecla40 ,( ?is la/ we %all h m to say pres5tly4 ,! edition ( ,pez reappe>s 9 ,migne1 ,,pl vol4 #adc4 ,bubnov 7#ahii71 #aad-dg1 gives a new edition1 & at pp4 #aji-ac a li/ ( ! ,,mss ( ! "w1 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 he fails to note ! foll[+3 & !y are also abs5t f 8 g5]al index ( #aec codices at pp4 xvii-xc4 ,,bm ,additional ,,ms #aghjh1 #aa? c5tury1 fols4 #gcv-#gir1 "u ! title z 9 o!r ,,mss ( 8,regulae ex libris ,ptolomei regis de compositione a/rolapsus40 ,yet ,bubnov says1 p4 cxvi1 8,catalogues ( ,additional ,,mss 7omnia volum9a inspexi1 quae ante a4 #ahie edita sunt740 ,,bm ,eg]ton #hbc1 #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #dr4 ,,bn #gdab1 #ab? & #ac? c5turies1 fols4 #a-i1 8,waztalkora sive tract4 de utilitatibus a/rolabii40 ,pr(essor ,d4 ,b4 ,macdonald sugge/s t ,waztalkora is = rasmu-l-kura1 8! describ+ ( ! sph]e 9 l9es40 #bgic 7#ahii71 p4 #cgj4 #bgid 7#ahii71 p4 #cgd4 #bgie ,ep4 #bd4 #bgif 7#ahii71 p4 #cgj4 #bgig ,p4 #aji4 #bgih ,bubnov 7#ahii71 #cgj4444 8,hoc opusculum ex ,arabico v]sum ad manum habuit1 retractavit dic5dique g5]e expolivit40 #bgii ,pr9t$ by ,pez4 ,!saur4 ,anecdot4 ,noviss4 ,,iii1 ii1 #ie-ajf4 8,h]imannus ,*ri/i paup]um p]ipsima et philosophiae tyronum asello imo limace t>dior assecla40 ,! ,,mss are num]\s4 #bhjj ,digby #agd1 fol4 #bajv2 also not$ by ,bubnov 7#ahii71 p4 #aac4 ,h]mann's d$icatory prologue1 h[ev]1 does n give 8 fri5d's "n 9 full1 b reads 9 ?is ,,ms1 8,b4 amico suo40 #bhja ,see ,cl]val1 ,h]mann le ,dalmate1 ,p>is1 #ahia1 9 ,compte r5du du ,congrs sci5tifique int]national des ca?oliques1 ,sci5ces ,hi/oriques1 #afc-i4 ,also1 ,i believe1 publi%$ sep>ately z ,h]mann le ,dalmate et les premires traductions lat9es des traits arabes d'a/ronomie au moy5 ge1 ,p>is1 ,pic>d1 #ahia1 #aa pp4 ,cl]val adduc$ only "o ,,ms 9 support ( 8 cont5tion & took up ! unt5able position t ,arabic a/ronomy 0 unkn[n 9 ,lat9 until ! twelf? c5tury4 ,he also did n di/+ui% betwe5 ! diff]5t works on ! a/rolabe4 #bhjb ,muni* ,,clm #adhcf1 fols4 #afv-#bdr4 ,,bm ,royal #ae-;,b-,,ix1 fol4 #ear-3 9 bo? cases foll[$ by ! treatise ( tw5ty-"o *apt]s4 #bhjc ,pr(essor ,hask9s has ann\nc$ z 9 prep>ation an article on ,h]mann ! translator :i* w p]haps solve ! difficulties4 #bhjd ,9 a ,b]l9 manuscript ( ! twelf? c5tury 7,b]l9 #ief1 fol4 #aa7 !re is add$ a note 9 a ?irte5? c5tury h& rec\nt+ ! leg5d t ?is ,h]mann 0 ! son ( a k+ & que5 & t1 8 "m hav+ be5 ask$ be=e 8 bir? :e!r %e w\ld pref] a h&some & fooli% son or a le>n$ & %amefully ugly "o & %e hav+ *os5 ! latt] alt]native1 he 0 born hun*back$ & lame4 ,x 0 f ?is ,,ms ( ! treatise on ! a/rolabe t ,p]tz edit$ ! leg5d 9 ! ,monum5ta ,g]maniae 7,scriptores1 ,v1 #bfg74 ,rose 7#aije71 p4 #aagi1 calls ! writ] ( ?is note ,b]5g>1 too1 ask+ an5t ! op5+ words ( ! note1 8,de i/o h]manno legitur 9 hi/oria10 8,aus wel*] hi/oria hat d] ,s*reib] 7,b]5g>ius7 se9e ,fabeln80 ,! note at ! close ( ! treatise 9 ,digby #agd1 fol4 #bajv1 gives a diff]5t v]sion ( ! leg5d1 /at+ t ,h]mann 0 a good man & de> to ,god & t "o day an angel (f]$ him 8 *oice betwe5 bodily heal? )\t great wisdom & ! greate/ sci5ce ) corporal infirmity4 ,h]mann *ose ! latt] & aft]w>ds became a p>alytic & g\ty4 #bhje ,?is treatise1 9 :i* ,h]mann expresses amazem5t t ,b$e has s und]e/imat$ ! duration ( ! moon1 imm$iately prec$es ! "o on ! a/rolabe 9 ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #bbi1 a ,g]man ,,ms ( ! twelf? c5tury1 fols4 #agr-#air 7=m]ly pp4 #bfe-bfi74 ,aft] ! treatise on ! a/rolabe foll[s a ?ird "w by ,h]mann1 8de quodam horologio10 fols4 #bev-#bhr4 ,!n foll[s ! treatise 9 tw5ty-"o *apt]s on ! a/rolabe4 ,^! citations alone are suffici5t to demon/rate ! error ( ,cl]val's ass]tion3 7#ahia71 #afe4 8,on ne peut invoqu] aucune preuve srieuse en faveur d',h]mann ,contract4 ,jacques de ,b]game et ,tri?me 444 sont les premi]s qui ai5t attribu au mo9e de ,con/ance les traits en "q40 #bhjf ,bubnov 7#ahii7 #cgb4 8,habet etiam ex div9itatis ar*ana in/itutione et physica lata ratione cum omnibus mundanis creaturis concordiam 9 rebus omnibus1 secundum phisiologos non p>vam congru5tiam44440 ,bubnov un=tunately us$ only "o ( 8 f\r ,,mss 9 pr9t+ ?is text1 & !re (t5 seems to be some?+ wrong ) x or ) 8 punctuation4 ,?is criticism applies m especially to ! passage quot$ 9 ! foll[+ footnote4 #bhjg ,ibid41 8,et ut ,*aldaicas reticeam g5tilogias 7sic7 qui omnem humanam vitam a/rologicis attribuunt rationationibus et quosdam con/ellationum effectus p] xii signa disponunt1 quique etiam conceptiones et nativitates1 hom9umque mores1 prosp]a seu adv]sa ex cursu sid]um explic>e conantur4 ,quod illorum tam5 frivolae sup]/itiositati conc$5dum e/1 dum omnia div9ae dispositioni comm5d&a s9t4 ,illud e/ ovum a nullo =bill&um 7,bubnov sugge/s ! read+ furcill&um 9 p>5!ses1 b sorbill&um seems to me ! obvi\s read+71 nisi prius foetidos inscitiae exhalav]it ructus et feces mundialium evom]it /udiorum40 ,! passage is r incoh]5t z x /&s1 b ,i hope t ,i h correctly int]pret$ its mean+4 #bhjh ,,iii1 #dc-de4 #bhji ,adem>us ,cabann5sis1 :o di$ ab\t #ajce 7,bubnov1 #ahii1 #chb-c74 ,= ,g]b]t's s\rces 9 ,b>celona see ,j4 ,m4 ,burnam1 8,a ,gr\p ( ,spani% ,manuscripts10 9 ,bullet9 ,hispanique1 ,annales de la ,facult des ,lettres de ,bordeaux1 ,,xxii1 #d1 p4 #cbi4 #bhaj ,,iii1 #dh-ec4 #bhaa 8,plurima me docuit ,neptanebus ille magi/]0 7,bubnov1 #cha74 #bhab ,de rebus ge/is regum ,anglorum1 ,,ii1 #afg-h4 #bhac ,bodleian #bff1 fol4 #ber4 #bhad ,bubnov 7#ahii71 #cia4 ,on ,g]b]t z a magician see fur!r ,j4 ,j4 ,i4 ,dll+]1 ,die ,pap/-,fabeln des ,mittelalt]s1 ,muni*1 #ahfc1 pp4 #aee-ei4 #bhae ,digby #hc1 qu>to 9 sk91 well writt5 9 l>ge lett]s ) few abbreviations & illu/rat$ ) _m figures 9 r$1 #gf leaves4 ,= ! ,incipits ( ! f\r books & _! prologues see ,macray's ,catalogue ( ! ,digby ,,mss4 #bhaf ,ano!r indication ( ma!matical activity 9 t5? c5tury ,engl& is provid$ by "s old v]ses 9 ,engli% 9 ,royal #ag-;,a-,i1 fols4 #bv-#c1 :i* /ate t ,euclid's geometry 0 introduc$ into ,engl& 8,yn tyme ( good kyng ,adel/ones day40 ,usually ! fir/ ,lat9 translation ( ,euclid is suppos$ to h be5 t by ,adel>d ( ,ba? 9 ! e>ly twelf? c5tury4 ,halliwell 7#ahci71 #ef4 #bhag ,digby #hc1 fol4 #bd1 8,epi/ola ,e!lwodi ad ,girb]tum papam4 ,dom9o summo pontifici et philosopho ,girb]to pape a!lwoldus vite felicitatem44440 ,g]b]t ( c\rse did n become pope until long aft] ,e!lwold's dea?1 b ?is ,titulus & ,incipit are op5 to suspicion anyway1 s9ce if ,g]b]t _h become pope he %\ld h be5 address$ z ,pope ,silve/]4 ,! article on ,e!lwold 7,,dnb7 /ates t 8a treatise on ! circle1 said to h be5 writt5 by him & address$ to ,g]b]t1 aft]w>ds ,pope ,silve/] ,,ii1 is 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y 7#afhd1 ,bodl4 ,,ms4 ,digby #hc1 f4 #bd740 ,william ( ,malmesbury m5tion$ 8,adelboldum episcopum1 ut dicunt1 ,w9t]brug5sem0 z ! au?or ( ! lett] to ,g]b]t1 quot$ by ,bubnov 7#ahii71 #chh4 #bhah ,x has always be5 s pr9t$3 by ,pez1 ,oll]is1 ,curtze1 & ,bubnov1 & seems to be ascrib$ to him 9 mo/ ,,mss1 = :i* & o!r evid5ce po9t+ to ! bi%op ( ,utre*t z au?or see ,bubnov 7#ahii71 #cjj-cji1 #da-de1 #chd1 etc4 ,bubnov1 h[ev]1 fail$ to note ,digby #hc ei!r 9 connection ) ?is lett] or at all 9 8 long li/ ( ma!matical ,,mss 7,,xvii-,,cxix74 ,x may !re=e be well to note t ! lett] z giv5 9 ,digby #hc diff]s consid]ably f ! v]sion pr9t$ by ,bubnov4 ,x 9 g5]al omits epi/ol>y am5ities :i* d n be> directly on ! ma!matical "q 9 h&1 notably ! entire fir/ p>agraph ( ,bubnov's text & ! close ( ! second & ?ird p>agraphs4 ,x also abbreviates portions ( ! fif? p>agraph & ! la/ s5t5ce ( ! eigh? & la/ p>agraph4 ,on ! o!r h& aft] ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ! fif? p>agraph ( ,bubnov's text x ins]ts ! foll[+ passage :i* seems to be miss+ 9 ,bubnov's text ( ! lett]3 8,si quis ergo vult inv5ire quadraturam circuli dividat l9eam 9 ,,vii p>tes spatiumque unius septime p>tis semotim ponat4 ,de9de l9eam 9 ,,vii divisam 9 duo di/ribuat et spatium alt]ius duorum sep>atim ponat4 ,po/ hoc l9eam 9 ,,vii p>titam triplicet cui triplicate spatium unius septime quod semov]at adiciat4 ,ipsa d5ique totam 9 ,,iiii p>tiatur qu>um qu>ta angulis directis p] l9eam quadrangulam metiatur4 ,ad ultimum sumpto spatio alt]ius duorum quod prius reposu]at deposito puncto 9 m$io quadranguli eodem spatio circumducat circ9um 7circulum7 et sic inv5iet circuli quadraturam40 #bhai ,bubnov 7#ahii71 #da-db1 8quod tantum virum quasi conscola/icum iuv5is conv5io40 #bhbj ,bubnov does n include x 9 8 edition ( ! ma!matical works ( ,g]b]t1 b z we h se5 he 0 unaw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is ,,ms1 i4e41 ,digby #hc4 #bhba ,& also to ! ,incipit ( a treatise 9 a t5? c5tury ,,ms at ,p>is1 ,,bn #ag1hfh1 fol4 #adr1 8,quicumque nosse desid]at legem a/rorum44440 ,! treatise or fragm5t 9 ?is ,p>is ,,ms seems to end at fol4 #agr1 or at lea/ at fol4 #agv1 aft] :i* mo/ ( ! few rema9+ leaves ( ! ,,ms1 :i* has only #ba leaves 9 all1 are blank4 ,!re is "s simil>ity ( cont5ts1 b ! ,p>is ,,ms is m a/rological4 ,possibly1 h[ev]1 x is a diff]5t "p (1 or r extracts f ! same "w1 s9ce we %all see reasons = ?9k+ t ! text 9 ,digby #hc is incomplete4 #bhbb ,at lea/ su* seems to me to be ! mean+ ( ! passage1 fol4 #bar1 8,quippe cum aliqu&o p] situm g5tium ips>um positionem /ell>um demon/rati simus precognita populorum habitatione rei effectus ad faciliorem curret ev5tus40 #bhbc ,fol4 #bbr4 #bhbd ,fol4 #gfr1 ! clos+ words are1 8,quod autem de elem5tis diximus idem de temporibus deque humoribus intellige sicut hec figura evid5tissime designat40 ,b ! figure is n giv54 #bhbe ,fol4 #bgv4 #bhbf ,fol4 #cav1 8p] que pr$icti planete revoluti div]sa 9 div]sis possunt et etiam secundum g5e?liacos bonum quidam 9 quibusdam malum v]o 9 quibusdam quidam nativitatibus hom9em a/ruunt40 #bhbg ,fol4 #cbr4 #bhbh ,fol4 #cfr4 #bhbi ,fol4 #eir1 8,h]a/ot5es40 #bhcj ,fol4 #bar-v4 #bhca ,fol4 #cbr4 #bhcb ,de rebus ge/is regum ,anglorum1 ,,ii1 #afg4 #bhcc ,addit4 #aghjh1 fols4 #hev-#iiv1 8,ma!matica ,alh&rei summi a/rologi4 ,luna e/ frigide nature et arg5tei coloris _/ oculis descriptio talis subiciatur03 & ,,clm #efj1 fols4 #fa-hg1 :i* ,i h n se5 b :i* f ! description 9 ! catalogue is evid5tly ! same treatise & has ! same ,incipit1 al?\gh no au?or or title seems to be giv54 #bhcd ,bodleian #bff1 fol4 #agiv1 8libellum =tune faci5s m5tionem de tribus faciebus signorum et planetis regnantibus 9 eisdem 444 muli]es docte40 #bhce ,,bn #beih1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #ajhr4 #bhcf ,,bn #aghfh1 fols4 #br-#abv4 8,incipit lib] ,al*&rei0 7,wick]%eim]7 or ,al*&ri 7,bubnov7 8philosophi4 ,luna e/ frigide nature et arg5tei coloris40 ,9 a passage ( ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #hfv1 :]e ! ye>s f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w are be+ reckon$1 ! ye> ( writ+ is app>5tly giv5 z #ajdj ,a4 ,d41 b ! exi/5ce ( ! treatise 9 ,,bn #aghfh %[s t x 0 writt5 be=e #ajjj4 ,also !re is some?+ wrong ) ! passage m5tion$ 9 ,addit4 #aghjh--;z is v apt to be ! case ) su* figures 9 m$ieval ,,mss--= ! numb] ( ye>s f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w to ! bir? ( ,*ri/ is giv5 z #digj & !n ! sum ( ! two z #fjah in/ead ( #fjaj ye>s1 :ile at fol4 #hev o!r e/imates are giv5 ( ! numb] ( ye>s betwe5 ! ,creation & ! ,inc>nation4 #bhcg ,! spell+s ( su* prop] names v>y 9 ! diff]5t ,,mss or ev5 9 ! same "o4 #bhch ,/e9s*neid] 7#aije7 #cj1 briefly notes 8,alc&r9us10 h[ev]4 ,see bel[1 p4 #gae ( ! pres5t *apt]4 #bhci ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #hev2 ,,bn #aghfh1 fol4 #br4 #bhdj ,addit4 #aghjh1 fols4 #hfr-#hgr2 ,,bn #aghfh1 fol4 #cv4 #bhda ,addit4 #aghjh1 fols4 #hgv-#hhr4 #bhdb ,,bn #aghfh1 fol4 #br2 ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #hev2 8,iuxta que quia omnia humana secundum nutum dei disponuntur p] septem planetas que subt] 7subtus7 f]untur eorum nobis pote/as innuitur03 ,,bn #aghfh1 fol4 #cr2 ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #hfv1 8,p] has autem vii planetas quia ut diximus et adhuc probabimus humana fata disponuntur regulam c]tam demus qua 9 quo signo queque sit pronoscatur40 ,only 9 a ?ird passage does he attribute su* views to ! ma!matici2 ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #hhv1 8,cum s9t signa xii 9 zodiaco cumque iuxta ma!maticos et secundum horum div]sissimos pote/ates fata omnium ita vol5te sapi5tissimo dom9o disponantur44440 #bhdc ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #hir1 8,que quum ita disc]nuntur non falsa op9io p]suasit i/is humana pr9cipalit] gub]nante dom9o mod]>i cum itaque ut mundus homo unusquisque ex 8 iiii compag9etur elem5tis40 #bhdd ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #hiv4 ,b ! li/s are left incomplete & a blank leaf1 :i* is also left unnumb]$1 foll[s 9 ! ,,ms4 #bhde ,,bn #aghfh1 fol4 #er3 ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #ijr1 8,hec sunt xxviii pr9cipales p>tes vel a/ra p] que omnium fata disponuntur et indubitant] tam futura quam pres5tia pr5untiantur a quocumque itus r$itus ortus occasus horum horoscoporum iocundissimo auxilio dilig5t] provid5tur40 #bhdf ,,bn #aghfh1 fol4 #ev4 #bhdg ,,bn #aghfh1 fol4 #fr4 #bhdh ,,bn #aghfh1 fol4 #ir-2 ,addit4 #aghjh1 fols4 #idv-#iev4 #bhdi ,,bn #aghfh1 fol4 #ajr2 ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #ifr4 #bhej ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #igr4 #bhea ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #igv4 ,9 ,,bn #aghfh1 fol4 #aar1 we read1 8,explicit lib] primus4 ,incipit lib] secundus40 ,& !n beg9s ! lett] ( ,argafalaus ) ! words1 8,regi mac$onum ,alex&ro a/rologo et univ]sa philosophia p]fectissimo ,argafalaus s]vuus suus condicione et nacione +5uus caldeus1 pr(essione v]o secundus ab illo a/rologus40 #bheb ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #iir-v4 ,?is does n appe> 9 ,,bn #aghfh :i* goes on to discuss v>i\s a/rological influ5ces ( ! #ab h\rs ( ! day & ( ! night4 ,aft] ?is !re is a space left blank 9 ! middle ( fol4 #abv3 !n m is said conc]n+ h\rs ( ! planets & int]rogations until at ! bottom ( fol4 #acr comes ! lett] ( ,phe?osiris to ,ne*epso4 ,b no def9ite end+ is indicat$ ei!r ( ! lett] ( ,argafalaus or ! ,lib] ,secundus ( ,al*&rus4 ,9 a ,,ms n[ miss+ b li/$ 9 ! late #ae? c5tury catalogue ( ! ,,mss 9 ! libr>y ( ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,abbey1 ,cant]bury 7,no4 #aagb1 ,james #ccb7 0 a 8,brevi>ium alh&r$i su'm a/rologi et p]itissimi de soia 7sci5da87 qualibet ignota nullo decrete40 ,?is 0 "o ( ! ,,mss donat$ to ! mona/]y by ,john ( ,london4 ,,bn #dafa1 #af? c5tury1 #e1 ,brevi>ium ,alh&riae1 summi ,a/rologi de sci5tia qualit] ignota nullo indicante inve/ig>i possit4 #bhec ,addit4 #aghjh1 fol4 #hir1 8figuram quam sup] hac re ,alex&] ,mac$o composuit dilig5tissime po/]ius describemus02 fol4 #ier1 8,h9c ,alex&] mac$o dicit eclips9 solis et lune c]tissima ratione colligi02 fol4 #ifr4 8,aut iuxta alex&rum mac$onem draco quasi octava planeta40 #bhed ,a%mole #cfi1 late #ac? c5tury1 fols4 #gg-hdv4 8,ma!matica ,alex&ri summi a/rologi4 ,9 exordio omnis creature h]us huranicus int] cuncta sid]a ,,xii maluit signa =e 444_/ 444 nam quod l9eam designat e&em /ellam occupat4 ,explicit40 ,a fur!r discussion ( ! cont5ts ( ?is "w w be f\nd bel[ 9 ,*apt] #dh1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bei4 #bhee ,,bn #aghfh1 fol4 #agr4 ,! ,incipit is ! same z 9 ,a%mole #cfi4 ,! "w "h seems to be incomplete1 s9ce aft] fol4 #agv mo/ ( ! rema9+ leaves ( ! ,,ms 7:i* has #ba fols4 9 all7 are blank4 #bhef ,! v[els be+ repres5t$ by ! consonants foll[+1 a common m$ieval ciph]4 #bheg ,all ,s\ls #ha1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #adev-#afdr4 8,cum s9t #bh mansiones lune44440 ,coxe 0 mi/ak5 9 ?9k+ t ! "w ( ,alk&r9us cont9u$ to fol4 #ahh & 0 9 two p>ts1 = at fol4 #afcr we read1 8,expliciunt iudicia libri ,alk&r9i que sunt 9 divisione triplici #ab signorum que sunt app>5cie p] c]ta tempora sup] t]ram40 ,moreov]1 ! sev5 *apt]s on ! planets :i* foll[ end at fol4 #ahcv 8444 f9em fecimus4 ,completa fuit hec compilatio 9 conv]sione sancti pauli apo/oli anno dom9i #acej 7#acje87 vacante s$e p] mortem ,b5$icti undecimi cuius anima requiescat 9 pace4 ,am540 ,x w\ld !re=e seem t "s compil] has made an extract f ,al*&rus on ! tw5ty-eight mansions4 #bheh ,,bn #ajbga1 fols4 #ir-#ebv1 8,incipit lib] al*&r9i philosophi de nativitatibus hom9um secundum compositionem duodecim signorum celi1 quem re=mavit quidem philosophus cri/ianus pr\t patet1 quia 9 quibusdam diff]t i/e lib] ab antiquo primordiali4 ,primo facies arietis 9 hom9e sive 9 masculo4 ,alnaliet e/ prima facies arietis44440 #bhei ,/e9s*neid] 7#aije71 #cj4 #bhfj ,! editio pr9ceps seems to be 8,arc&am doctor p]itissimus ac non vulg>is a/rologus1 de v]itatibus et pra$ictionibus a/rologiae et praecipue nativitatum seu fatalis dispositionis vel diei cuiuscunque nati1 nup] p] ,magi/rum ,ri*>dum ,r\ssat1 canonicum ,l+oni5sem1 artium et m$ic9ae pr(essorem1 de confuso ac indi/9cto /ilo non m9us quam e t5ebris 9 lucem a$itus1 re cognitus1 ac innum]is 7ut pote passim7 erratis expurgatus1 ita ut p] multa maxime necess>ia et utilissima adiec]it atque adnotav]it modo eiusdem dext]itate praelo primo donatus40 ,p>is1 #aedb4 ,! ,briti% ,museum also conta9s ano!r ,lat9 edition ( ,p>is1 #aeec2 ,fr5* editions ( ,r\51 #aehd & #aehg1 ,lyons #afbe2 & ,engli% v]sions pr9t$ at ,london1 #afbf 7translat$ f ! ,fr5*71 #afcj1 #afcg1 & #afgj4 #bhfa ,,bn #gcdi1 #ae? c5tury1 fol4 #efr1 seems only a fragm5t ( ! "w2 ,,bn #gcea1 #ad? c5tury1 takes up ! v>i\s signs4 #bhfb ,,clm #ebg1 #ac-ad? c5tury1 fols4 #cf-db1 de physica signorum et sup]nasc5tium et aegrotantium4 #bhfc ,addit4 #aebcf1 ,engli% h& ( #ac-ad? c5tury1 fols4 #acj-ebr 8libellus ,al*&i&i40 ,,bn #gdhf1 #ad? c5tury1 8,incipit lib] alk>diani phylosophi4 ,cum omne quod exp]itur sit exp]i5dum propt] se vel propt] aliud44440 #bhfd ,! set 9 :i* ! fir/ l9e reads1 8,tuum indum5tum durabit tempore longo40 #bhfe ,v probably ?is title 0 d]iv$ f ! ,incipit j giv5 9 note #d1 p4 #gaf4 #bhff ,see ,sloane #bdgb1 #ceed1 #cheg4 #bhfg ,,bn #aghfh1 fol4 #adr-#afv4 ,! lett] ( ,petosiris on ! sph]e ( life & dea? at fol4 #acr-v 8,incipit epi/ola ,phetosiri de spha]a0 sep>ates ?is treatise or fragm5t f ! prec$+ lib] ,al*&ri philosophi4 ,also ?is treatise is 9 a diff]5t & slightly old] h& ?an fols4 #b-ac are1 or at lea/ su* 0 ,bubnov's op9ion 7#ahii71 #abe1 note4 #bhfh ,,bn #agfhf1 fol4 #adv1 8que s>rac5i nuncupant ita40 #bhfi ,b]l9 #afe 7,phillips #agij71 #i-aj? c5tury4 ,i h n se5 ! ,,ms1 b foll[ ,rose's full description ( x 9 8 ,v]zei*nis d] late9is*5 ,h&s*rift51 ,i1 #cfb-i4 #bhgj ,cod4 ,cas94 #ig ,gal4 ,i1 #bd-ea4 #bhga ,b]l9 #afe1 fol4 #hh4 #bhgb ,ibid41 fols4 #dj-b4 #bhgc ,ibid41 fol4 #civ4 #bhgd ,edit$ ) an ,engli% translation1 :i* ,i employ 9 my quotations1 by ,rev4 ,oswald ,cockayne 9 vol4 ,,ii ( 8 ,lee*doms1 ,wortcunn+1 & ,/>craft ( ,e>ly ,engl&1 9 ,,rs vol4 #ce1 9 #c vols41 ,london1 #ahfd-ahff4 ,! relation ( ,bald & ,cild to ! "w is indicat$ by ! colophon at ! close ( ! second book3 8,bald habet hunc librum1 ,cild quem conscrib]e iussit10--8,bald owns ?is book2 ,cild is ! "o he told to write 7or copy87 x40 ,! foll[+ ?ird book is !re=e presumably ( o!r au?or%ip4 #bhge ,j4 ,f4 ,payne1 ,engli% ,m$ic9e 9 ,anglo-,saxon ,times1 #aijd1 p4 #aee4 #bhgf ,book ,i1 cap4 #hg4 #bhgg ,i1 #de4 #bhgh ,i1 #he4 #bhgi ,,iii1 #dg4 #bhhj ,i1 #hf4 #bhha ,i1 #fh4 #bhhb ,,ii1 #ff4 #bhhc ,i1 #de4 #bhhd ,i1 #fc4 #bhhe ,,ii1 #fe4 #bhhf ,,iii1 #fa4 #bhhg ,sloane #dge 7olim ,fr4 ,b]n>d #aaf71 #bca leaves1 includ+ two codices1 "o ( ! #ab? c5tury1 :i* is also m$ical b ) :i* we %all n deal at pres5t1 & ! o!r ( ! #aj? or #aa? c5tury & writt5 9 diff]5t h&s4 ,! ,,ms is mutilat$ bo? at ! beg9n+ & ! close4 ,sloane #bhci1 #aa? c5tury1 #aab leaves4 #bhhh ,sloane #bhci1 fols1 iv-#c1 8,lib] ,cirrurgium ,caut]ium ,apollonii et ,gali5i40 ,james1 ,we/]n ,,mss 9 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge1 ,,iii1 #bf-h1 describes fifty draw+s1 *iefly ( surgical op]ations1 9 ,,ms #ajdd1 e>ly #ac? c5tury4 ,by t date caut]ization seems to h become less common4 #bhhi ,pr(essor ,t4 ,w4 ,todd ?9ks t ,i am too sev]e ^u ! practice ( caut]ization1 & t x may sometimes h s]v$ z a c\nt]-irritant l mu/>d pla/]s & ! bli/]4 #bhij ,sloane1 #bhci1 fols4 #giv-#hjv4 #bhia 8,ad /oma*um ubi f]ro op]>e non oportes sansugias apponas40 #bhib ,imbroc>e4 ,i h n discov]$ exactly :at x means4 #bhic ,sloane #dge1 fol4 #bbdr2 ,sloane #bhci1 fol4 #igr4 #bhid ,sloane #dge1 fol4 #acc1 et seq4 #bhie ,sloane #dge1 fol4 #bbdv4 #bhif ,sloane #dge1 fols4 #a-abd4 ,at fol4 #cfr occurs ! famili> pseudo-lett] ( ,hippocrates to ,antigonus2 at fols4 #hv-#ajr is a passage almo/ id5tical ) t at ! close ( ! ,de m$icam5tis ( ,m>cellus1 #ahhi1 p4 #chb2 an incantation f ,m>cellus is repeat$ at fol4 #aagv4 ,at fol4 #cgr we read 8,explicit ,lib] ,,ii4 ,incipit ,lib] ,t]tius ad v5tris rigiditatem02 at fol4 #fjr1 8,explicit lib] t]tius4 ,incipit ,lib] ,,iiii02 at fol4 #her1 8,incipit ,lib] ,v40 #bhig ,see fol4 #aajr1 8,cros1 oros1 comigeos1 delig7c7ros1 falicros1 spolicros1 spl5a mihi02 & fol4 #aadr1 8,opas1 nolipas1 opium1 nolimpium40 ,^? :o delight 9 ciph]s w p]haps detect 9 ! latt] incantation a hidd5 allusion to opiates4 #bhih ,fol4 #aagv2 see ,m>cellus 7#ahhi71 p4 #abc1 cap4 #ab4 #bhii ,fol4 #aaar4 #bijj ,fol4 #aaav4 #bija ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #bbi1 fol4 #gv 7once p4 #bdf71 8nom9a septem sanctorum g]manorum dormi5tium que sunt hec1 ,maximianus1 ,mal*us1 ,m>t9ianus1 ,con/ant9us1 ,dionisius1 ,iohannes1 ,s]apion40 #bijb ,sloane #dge1 fol4 #abbv4 #bijc 8,ellum sup] ellam s$ebat et virgam viridem 9 manu t5ebat et dicebat1 ,virgam viridis reunit]e 9 simul40 #bijd ,sloane #dge1 fol4 #aabv4 ,un9telligible lett]s foll[4 #bije ,eg]ton #hba1 #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #ebv-#fjv4 #bijf ,ibid41 fol4 #ecv1 vultilis1 :i* ,i assume %\ld be vulturis r ?an vituli1 or bull-calf4 #bijg ,eg]ton #hba1 fol4 #eg4 #bijh ,ibid41 fol4 #ehv4 #biji ,ibid41 fol4 #fjr4 #biaj ,,bn #gjbh1 #aa? c5tury1 fols4 #acfv1 #adj-c1 #aedr1 & #aefr4 #biaa ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #bbi1 #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #ar-#ajr 7once pp4 #bcc-ea71 op5+1 8,rationem obs]vationis ve/re pietati secundum precepta doctorum m$ic9alium ut potui44440 #biab ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #bbi1 fol4 #br4 ,m>* is treat$ fir/ & ,febru>y la/1 :ile a simil> discussion lat] 9 ! same "w 7fols4 #hr-#ir1 ,quid unoquoque m5se ut5dum quidve vit&um sit7 beg9s ) ,janu>y4 #biac ,,bn n\v4 acq4 #bbi1 fol4 #g4 #biad ,fol4 #fr4 #biae ,fol4 #dv4 #biaf ,fols4 #dv-#er4 #biag ,fol4 #gr4 #biah ,fol4 #gr-v4 #biai ,fol4 #gv4 #bibj ,fol4 #iv4 #biba ,:at is kn[n ( ! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no has already be5 briefly indicat$ 9 ,engli% by ,h4 ,ra%dall1 ,univ]sities ( ,europe 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 #ahie1 ,i1 #ge-hf1 & ,t4 ,pus*mann1 ,hi/ory ( ,m$ical ,education1 ,engli% translation1 ,london1 #ahia1 pp4 #aig-baa4 ,! /&>d "w on ! subject is ,salvatore ,de ,r5zi1 ,collectio ,sal]nitana1 9 ,italian ) ,lat9 texts1 publi%$ at ,naples 9 five volumes f #aheb to #ahei4 ,x conta9s a hi/ory ( ! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no by ,r5zi & v>i\s texts br\ght to light & diss]tations discuss+ !m by ,r5zi1 ,d>emb]g1 ,h5s*el1 & o!rs4 ,un=tunately ?is publication proce$$ by ! unsy/ematic piecemeal & h&-to-m\? me?od1 & new texts & discov]ies 7 br\ght to ! editor's att5tion dur+ ! process1 s t ! hi/ory ( ! s*ool & ! texts 9 ! e>li] volumes h to be supplem5t$ & correct$ by ! full] v]sions & diss]tations 9 ! lat] volumes4 ,x is too bad t all ! mat]ials c\ld n h be5 collect$ & m sy/ematically arrang$ & collat$ be=e publication4 ,also "s ( ! texts pr9t$ h b ! remote/ connection ) ,sal]no1 :ile o!rs h no?+ to d ) m$ic9e4 ,to ?is collection ( mat]ials "s fur!r additions h be5 made by ,p4 ,giacosa1 ,magi/ri ,sal]nitani nondum editi1 ,tur91 #aija4 ,= fur!r bibliography see 9 ! rec5t repr9t ( ,h>r+ton's ,engli% translation1 ,! ,s*ool ( ,sal]no 7#aibj71 pp4 #ej-eb4 #bibb ,notably ,d>emb]g4 #bibc ,,ii1 #ei 7,,mg4 ,,ss4 ,,iii1 #fjj74 #bibd ,s4 de ,r5zi1 ,collectio ,sal]nitana1 ,,iv1 #ahe1 ,practica ,petroncelli1 p]haps f an imp]fect copy2 ,,iv1 #cae1 ,sulle op]e *e vanno sotto il nome di ,petroncello4 ,heeg1 ,pseudodemocrit4 ,/udi51 9 ,abh&l4 d4 ,b]l4 ,akad4 7#aiac71 p4 #db1 %[s t :at ,r5zi pr9t$ t5tatively z ! table ( cont5ts & an extract f ! ?ird book ( ! ,practica1 is n by ,petrocellus b by ! ,pseudo-,democritus1 & t "o ,,ms ( x dates f ! n9? or t5? c5tury4 #bibe ,petrocellus1 1 ,e9e ,sammlung von ,rezept5 9 englis*] ,spra*e aus dem #aa-ab ,jahrhund]t4 ,na* e9] ,h&s*rift des ,britis*5 ,museums h]ausg4 v4 ,m4 ,lw5eck 79 ,anglo-,saxon & ,lat971 #ahif1 pp4 viii1 #eg1 ,heft #ab 9 ,erlang] ,beitrge z4 englis*5 ,philologie4 ,! treatise p]haps also conta9s selections f ! ,passion>ius ( ,g>iopontus4 ,x _h be5 publi%$ be=e 9 ,cockayne1 ,anglo-,saxon ,lee*doms1 #ahfd-ahff1 ,,iii1 #hb-adc4 #bibf ,payne 7#aijd71 pp4 #aee-f4 #bibg ,ibid41 p4 #adh4 #bibh ,! ,lat9 text reads1 8liv] ( a h$gehog10 & d\btless ei!r w\ld be equally efficaci\s4 #bibi ,quot$ by ,payne 7#aijd71 p4 #aeb1 f ,cockayne's translation4 #bicj ,r5zi 7#aheb-i71 ,,iv1 #ahe4 #bica ,r5zi1 ,,iv1 #aij1 8,propt]ea fili k>issime cum diuturno tempore de m$ic9a tractassemus omnipot5tis ,dei nutu admonitus placuit ut ex grecis locis sectantes auctores omnium caus>um dogmata 9 breviloquium lat9o s]mone conscrib]emus40 #bicb ,= ! two passages on epilepsy see ,r5zi1 ,,iv1 pp4 #bce & #bic4 #bicc ,r5zi1 ,i1 #dag-eaf1 ,flos m$ic9ae1 a text ( #bacj l9es2 ,v1 #a-ajd1 ! full] text ( #cebf l9es2 #aac-gb1 ,notice bibliographique2 #che-djf1 ,notes *oisies de ,m4 ,baudry de ,balzac au ,flos ,sanitatis4 #bicd 8,anglorum ,regi scribit ,s*ola tota ,sal]ni40 ,"s ,,mss h ,francorum or ,rob]to in/ead ( ,anglorum4 #bice ,l9es #bfib-c4 #bicf ,k4 ,sudh(f1 ,zum ,regim5 ,sanitatis ,sal]nitanum1 9 ,ar*iv f4 ,ges*4 d4 ,m$iz91 ,,vii 7#aiad71 #cfj1 & ,,ix 7#aiae-aiaf71 #a-i4 #bicg ,arnald de ,villanova1 ,op]a1 ,lyons1 #aecb1 fol4 #adgv4 #bich ,l9es #aiah-i1 #aicb-c1 #aigc-d1 #aihe1 9 ,r5zi's fir/ text ( #bacj l9es2 9 ! full] v]sion !y are some:at m widely sep>at$3 l9es #cjec1 #cacj1 #cbbg1 #cbfg4 #bici ,l9es #ahde-ee or #bhgc-hc4 #bidj ,r5zi1 ,v1 #cgg-h4 #bida ,ibid41 #cgb-c4 #bidb ,ibid41 #cgi-ha4 #bidc ,ibid41 #cej4 #bidd ,pr(essor ,t4 ,w+ate ,todd comm5ts ^u ?is passage3 8,( c\rse ?is is po/ hoc propt] hoc1 b x is ! typical hi/ory ( a case ( ,bell's palsy occurr+ aft] a #8*ill4'0 #bide ,r5zi1 ,v1 #cga1 8,involunt>iam ur9e emissionem quidam patiebantur et adhuc multi patiuntur et maxime s]vi et ancille qui male induti et discalciati inc$unt1 unde frigiditate inc5sa vesica fit quasi p>alitica cum ur9am nequeat cont9]e40 #bidf ,giacosa 7#aija71 pp4 #ga-aff4 #bidg ,giacosa 7#aija71 p4 #adf4 #bidh ,ibid41 p4 #ade4 #bidi ,r5zi1 ,v1 #cca-b4 #biej ,_m ( ! works li/$ by ,pet] ! ,deacon & "s o!rs :i* he does n "n h be5 pr9t$ "u ,con/ant9us' "n1 ei!r 9 ! edition ( ! works ( ,isaac issu$ at ,lyons 9 #aeae1 or 9 ! p>tial edition ( ! works ( ,con/ant9us pr9t$ at ,basel 9 #aecf & #aeci1 or 9 an edition ( ,albucasis publi%$ at ,basel 9 #aeda4 ,an e>ly ,,ms conta9+ sev]al ( ,con/ant9us' works is ,gonville & ,caius #daa1 #ab-ac? c5tury1 fol4 #a-1 ,viaticum1 #fi- de melan*olia1 #ggv- de /oma*o1 #ihv- de oblivione1 #ajjr- de coitu1 7no au?or is nam$ = #ajiv- lib] elefantie1 #aac- de modo m$5di71 #aba- lib] febrium1 7#afi- de inamid>ium ,gali5i74 ,! *ief second>y inve/igations conc]n+ ,con/ant9us ,africanus are3 ,d>emb]g1 ,notices et ,extraits des ,manuscrits ,mdicaux1 #ahec1 pp4 #fc-ajj1 8,re*]*es sur un ouvrage qui a p\r titre ,zad el-,monafir en arabe1 ,ephrodes en grec1 ,viatique en lat91 et qui e/ attribu dans les textes arabes et grecs ,ab\ ,djaf>1 et dans le texte lat9 ,con/ant940 ,pucc9otti1 ,/oria della ,m$ic9a1 ,,ii1 i1 pp4 #bib-cej1 #ahee1 devot$ sev]al *apt]s to ,con/ant9us & tri$ to def5d him f ! *>ge ( plagi>ism & to ma9ta9 t ! ,viaticum & "s o!r works 7 orig9al4 ,/e9s*neid]1 ,con/ant9us ,africanus und se9e arabis*5 ,quell51 9 ,vir*['s ,ar*iv fr ,pa?ologis*e ,anatomie1 etc41 ,b]l91 #ahff1 vol4 #cg1 pp4 #cea-daj4 ,?is %\ld be supplem5t$ by pp4 #i-ab ( 8 ,die europis*5 b]setzung5 aus dem ,arabis*5 7#aije74 #biea ,notices et ,extraits des ,manuscrits ,mdicaux 7#ahec71 p4 #hf4 #bieb ,hi/oire des ,sci5ces ,mdicales 7#ahgj71 ,i1 #bfa4 #biec ,inde$ ,d>emb]g said 9 #ahec 7p4 #he1 note7 8dans le moy5 ge beauc\p d'auteurs cit5t volonti]s ,con/ant9e comme une autorit40 #bied ,p]haps ?r\gh ! fault ( ! pr9t] ! li/ ( ! writ+s ( ,con/ant9us giv5 by ,pet] ! ,deacon is defective z reproduc$ 9 tabul> =m by ,/e9s*neid] 7#ahff71 pp4 #cec-d4 ,/e9s*neid] also incorrectly speaks ( ,leo ( ,o/ia z well z ,pet] ! ,deacon z a s\rce = ,con/ant9us 7p4 #ceb1 8,die ,s*rift5 ,con/ant9s s9d bekanntli* von se95 alt5 ,biograph51 ,petrus ,diaconus und ,leo ,o/i5sis v]zei*net word5071 s9ce ,leo's portion ( ! ,*ronicle ends be=e ,con/ant9us is m5tion$4 #biee ,pet] 0 born ab\t #aajg & 0 plac$ 9 ! mona/]y ( ,monte ,cass9o by 8 p>5ts 9 #aaae4 ,he became libr>ian4 ,monum5ta ,g]maniae1 ,scriptores1 ,,vii1 #efb & #efe4 #bief ,*ronica ,mon4 ,cas95sis1 ,lib4 ,,iii1 auctore ,petro1 ,,mg4 ,,ss4 ,,vii1 #gbh-i2 ,muratori1 ,scriptores1 ,,iv1 #dee-f 7lib4 ,,iii1 cap4 #ce74 #bieg ,petri ,diaconi ,de viribus illu/ribus ,cas95sibus1 cap4 #bc1 9 ,fabricius1 ,bibl4 ,graec41 ,,xiii1 #abc4 #bieh ,yet mod]n compil]s & writ]s ( encyclop$ia articles inv>iably repeat 8,c>?age0 & 8,babylon40 #biei ,,bn #adgjj1 fol4 #agav1 cit$ by ,baur 7#aijc71 :o also notes p>allel passages 9 ,al-,gazel1 ,phil4 tr4 ,i1 #a2 & ,avic5na1 ,de divis4 philos41 fol4 #ada4 #bifj ,gundissal9us & ,daniel ,morley4 ,al-,f>abi's li/ ( eight ma!matical sci5ces1 includ+ 8! sci5ce ( spirits10 0 also reproduc$ by ,v9c5t ( ,beauvais 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ,speculum doctr9ale1 ,,xvi4 #bifa ,possibly !re is "s confusion ) ,gal5's simil> exp]i5ce ) ! physicians ( ,rome1 :i* ,con/ant9us may h reproduc$ 9 "s "o ( 8 translations ( ,gal5 9 su* a way z to lead ! read] to consid] x 8 own exp]i5ce4 #bifb ,! words are ! same bo? 9 ! ,*ronicle & ,illu/ri\s ,m53 8quem cum vidiss5t ,afri ita ad pl5um omnibus 7omnium87 g5tium eruditum1 cogitav]unt occid]e eum40 #bifc ,pagel 7#aijb71 p4 #fdd1 8,vorh] soll er kurze ,zeit no* 9 ,reggio1 e9] kle95 ,/adt 9 d] ,nhe von ,byzanz1 als ,protosekretr des ,kais]s ,con/ant9os ,monoma*os si* aufgehalt5 und das ,reiseh&bu* des ,abu ,ds*af] b]setzt hab540 ,b ,pagel gives no s\rce = ?is /atem5t4 ,app>5tly ! notion is due to ! fact t a ,greek treatise entitl$ ,ephodia1 ( :i* !re are num]\s ,,mss & :i* seems to be a translation ( ! same ,arabic "w z t ^u :i* ,con/ant9us bas$ 8 ,viaticum1 speaks ( a ,con/ant9e z its au?or :o 0 proto-secret>y & liv$ at ,reggio or ,rhegium4 ,d>emb]g 7#ahec71 p4 #gg1 held t a ,vatican ,,ms ( ! ,ephodia 0 ( ! t5? c5tury & !re=e ?is ,greek translation c\ld n be ! "w ( ,con/ant9us ,africanus 9 ! next c5tury1 b ,/e9s*neid] 7#ahff71 p4 #cib1 only says1 8,die grie*is*e ,ueb]setzung des ,viaticum soll bis 9 die ,zeit ,con/ant9s h9aufrei*540 ,ano!r ,,ms1 ,escorial -,,ii-#i1 #af? c5tury1 fol4 #a-1 conta9s a 8,commeatus ,p]egr9antium0 ^: au?or is call$ 8,ebrubat ,zaf> filio ,elbaz>10 :i* p]haps designates ,abu ,jaf> ,ahm$ ,ibn-al-,jezz>1 :om ,d>emb]g & ,/e9s*neid] call ! au?or ( ! ,arabic orig9al ( ! ,viaticum4 ,! "w is said to h be5 translat$ into ,greek 8a ,con/ant9o ,primo a secretis ,regis10 :i* sugge/s t ,con/ant9us 0 p]haps fir/ ( ! royal secret>ies r ?an ( ,reggio ei!r 9 ,norman ,italy or ne> ,byzantium4 ,! translation f ,greek into ,lat9 is ascrib$ to ,antonius ,ep>*us4 ,! op5+ s5t5ces ( ea* book ( ?is ,lat9 v]sion f ! ,greek by ,ep>*us diff] 9 word+ b agree 9 sub/ance ) ^? ( ! ,viaticum ( ,con/ant9us ,africanus1 if we omit "s transitional s5t5ces 9 ! latt]4 #bifd ,op]a 7#aecf71 p4 #bae4 #bife ,de animalibus1 ,,xxii1 i1 #a4 #biff ,rawl9son ,c1 #cbh1 fol4 #c4 ,x is accompani$ by ! leg5d1 8,?is is ,con/ant9us1 monk ( ,monte ,cass9o1 :o is z x 7 ! f\nt ( t sci5ce ( long /&+ f ! judgm5t ( ur9es1 & x has exhibit$ a true cure 9 all ! diseases 9 ?is book & 9 _m o!r books4 ,to :om come wom5 ) ur9e t he may tell !m :at is ! cause ( ! disease40 ,! illum9ation %[s ,con/ant9us seat$1 hold+ a book on 8 knees ) 8 left h&1 :ile he raises 8 "r h& & =ef+] 9 didactic /yle4 ,he we>s ! tonsure1 has a be>d b no mu/a*e1 & seems to be approa*$ by "o woman & two m5 c>ry+ two j>s ( ur9e4 #bifg ,see ,m>goli\?1 ,avic5na1 #aiac1 p4 #di4 #bifh ,only ! t5 books ( !ory are pr9t$ 9 ! #aeci edition ( ,con/ant9us4 #bifi ,*irurgia1 at pp4 #cbd-da4 #bigj ,op]a omnia ysaac 7#aeae71 fol4 #abfv1 8,lib] decimus practice qui antidot>ium dicitur 9 duas divisus p>tes40 ,isaac ,israeli is ! subject ( ! fir/ *apt] 9 ,husik 7#aiaf71 :o calls him 7p4 #b7 8! fir/ ,jew1 s f> z we "k1 to devote himself to philosophical & sci5tific discussions40 #biga ,d>emb]g 7#ahec71 pp4 #hb-e1 gives ! prefaces ( ,ali & ,con/ant9us 9 p>allel columns4 #bigb ,pr9t$ 9 #adib ) ! works ( ,ali b5 ,abbas2 ,/eph5's translation 0 made at ,antio* 9 ,syria4 #bigc ,/e9s*neid] 7#ahff71 p4 #cei4 #bigd 8,ultimam et maiorem deesse s5si p>tem1 alt]am v]o int]pretis callida depravatam fraude40 #bige ,amplon4 ,octavo #fb4 #bigf ,9 8 gloss to ! ,viaticum ( ,con/ant9us4 #bigg ,b]l9 ,,hss ,v]zei*nis 7#aije71 pp4 #ajei-fe1 to :om ,i owe ! prec$+ ref]5ces to ,f]r>ius & ,giraldus4 #bigh ,rose cites ,bamb]g ,l-iii-#i4 ,! two foll[+ ,,mss are p]haps also wor? not+3 ,! ,pantegni z conta9$ 9 ,,cu ,tr9ity #ijf1 #ab? c5tury1 f9ely writt51 fols4 #a-adav1 comprises only t5 books4 ,! fir/ op5s1 8,cum totius g5]alitas tres pr9cipales p>tes habeat02 ! t5? ends1 8,unde acutum oportet hab]e s5sum ad intellig5dum4 ,explicit40 ,/4 ,john's #he1 close ( #ac? c5tury1 8,con/ant9i africani ,pantegnus 9 duas p>tes divisus qu>um prima dicitur ,!orica cont95s decem libros secunda dicitur ,practica #cc capita cont95s10 z a table ( cont5ts writt5 9 on ! fly-leaf /ates4 ,! t5 books ( !ory end at fol4 #ajjr1 8,explicit prima p>s pantegni scilicet de !orica4 ,incipit secunda p>s scilicet practica et e/ primus lib] de regim5to sanitatis40 ,?is s+le book 9 #cc *apt]s on ! pres]vation ( heal? ends at fol4 #aafv1 & at fol4 #aagr beg9s ! ,lib] divisionum ( ,rasis4 #bigi ,9 ,b]l9 #hih1 a #ab? c5tury ,,ms ( ,/eph5's translation ( ,ali's ,practica1 ?is n9? section by ,con/ant9us & ,john is = "s reason sub/itut$ = ! correspond+ book ( ,/eph54 #bihj ,he calls himself1 8iohannes quidam ag>5us 7,s>ac5us87 quondam1 qui novit] ad fidem *ri/iane religionis v5]at cum ru/ico pisano belle filius ac pr(essione m$icus40 #biha ,! ma9 objection to ?is !ory is t ,/eph5 ( ,pisa1 translat+ 9 #aabg1 speaks z if ! latt] portion ( ,ali's "w 0 /ill untranslat$4 ,rose !re=e holds t ,john _h n yet publi%$ 8 translation1 al?\gh we h se5 t he complet$ ! surgical section by #aaae4 #bihb ,9 ,op]a omnia ysaac1 ,lyons1 #aeae1 ,,ii1 fols4 #add-gb1 8,viaticum ysaac quod con/ant9us sibi attribuit02 9 ! ,basel1 #aecf1 edition ( ! works ( ,con/ant9us1 pp4 #a-afg1 "u ! title1 8,de morborum cognitione et curatione lib4 vii02 9 ! ,v5ice1 #aeje1 edition ( ,g]>dus de ,solo 7,bituric5sis71 8,comm5tum eiusdem sup] viatico cum textu02 & 9 ! ,lyons1 #aeaa1 edition ( ,rhazes1 ,op]a p>va ,albubetri4 ,a fairly e>ly b imp]fect ,,ms is ,,cu ,tr9ity #ajfd1 #ab-ac? c5tury4 ,laud4 ,misc4 #efg1 late #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #b1 recognizes 9 its ,titulus t ! ,viaticum is a translation1 8,incipit ,viaticum a ,con/ant9o 9 ,lat9am l+uam translatam40 #bihc ,/e9s*neid] 7#ahff71 #cfh-i4 #bihd ,see above1 page #gde1 note #b4 #bihe ,9 ! #aeae edition ( ,isaac's works1 ,i1 #aa-1 #aef-1 & #bjc-4 ,pet] ! ,deacon presumably ref]s to ^! ?ree works 9 speak+ ( 8,dietam ciborum4 ,librum febrium quem de ,arabica l+ua tran/ulit4 ,librum de ur9is40 ,:e!r ! two initial treatises 9 ! #aeae edition ( ,isaac1 deal+ ) def9itions & ! elem5ts1 7 translat$ by ,con/ant9us or by ,g]>d ( ,cremona is d\btful4 #bihf ,see ,,clm #ahg1 fol4 #h2 #afh1 fol4 #bc2 #afa1 fol4 #da2 #bgj1 fol4 #aj2 #acjcd1 fol4 #di1 = #ac-ad? c5tury copies ( ,gal5's comm5t>y ^u ! ,aphorisms ( ,hippocrates ) a preface by ,con/ant9us4 ,univ]sity ,college ,ox=d #hi1 e>ly #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #ij1 ,incipiunt amphorismi ,ypocratis cum comm5to dom9i ,con/ant9i ,affricani montis ,cassi55sis mona*i2 fol4 #aee1 ,eiusdem ,progno/ica cum ,gal5i comm5to1 eodem int]prete2 fols4 #bjc-fa1 ,eiusdem lib] de regim9e acutorum cum eiusdem comm5to eodem int]prete4 #bihg ,de viris illu/ribus1 cap4 #bc1 8444 tran/ulit de div]sis g5tium l+uis libros quamplurimos 9 quibus praecipue 44403 ,*ronica1 ,lib4 ,,iii1 8444 tran/ulit de div]sorum g5tium l+uis libros quamplurimos 9 quibus sunt hi praecipue44440 #bihh 8,librum duodecim graduum0 9 ,de viris illus43 9 ! ,*ronicle1 8,lib] graduum40 #bihi ,edition ( ,basel1 #aecf1 at pp4 #bhj-ih & #bae-gd respectively4 #biij ,x is f\nd 9 ,laud4 ,misc4 #efg1 late #ab? c5tury1 fol4 #eav4 #biia ,edition ( #aecf1 pp4 #bhc-d4 #biib ,see bel[1 ,*apt] #fd4 #biic ,zeits*4 f4 klass4 ,philol4 7#ahif71 pp4 #ajih;ff4 #biid ,j4 ,a4 ,endres1 ,petrus ,damiani und die weltli*e ,wiss5s*aft1 #aiaj1 p4 #ce1 9 ,beitrge1 ,,viii1 #c4 #biie ,james 7#aijc71 p4 #ei1 8,tractatus ,alfani ,sal]nitanus de quibusdam que/ionibus m$ic9alibus40 #biif ,,cu ,tr9ity #acfe1 e>ly #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #aee-afbv1 ,exp]im5ta ar*iep4 ,sal]nitani4 #biig ,judg+ f its op5+ & clos+ words z giv5 by ,james4 #biih ,de coitu1 edition ( #aecf1 p4 #cjf4 #biii ,viaticum1 ,,vi1 #ai4 #cjjj ,practica1 ,x1 #a2 9 ,isaac1 ,op]a1 #aeae1 ,,ii1 fol4 #abf4 #cjja ,ibid41 ,,vii1 #ca2 fol4 #aaar4 #cjjb ,ibid41 ,,iv1 #cg2 fol4 #ifr4 #cjjc ,ibid41 ,v1 #ag2 fol4 #iir4 #cjjd ,de melan*olia 7#aecf71 p4 #bij4 #cjje ,practica1 ,,viii1 #dj2 ed4 ( #aeae1 fol4 #aahv4 #cjjf ,practica1 ,,iv1 #ci1 & ,v1 #g2 ed4 ( #aeae1 fols4 #ifr & #ihr4 #cjjg ,ed4 ( #aecf1 p4 #ceh2 also 9 ! ,viaticum1 ,i1 #bb2 p4 #bj4 #cjjh ,viaticum1 ,i1 #bb2 p4 #ba4 #cjji ,viaticum1 ,,vii1 #ac3 ,de gradibus 7#aecf71 p4 #cgg4 #cjaj ,accord+ to ,/e9s*neid] 7#ahff71 p4 #djb1 x is only f ! citations ( ,con/ant9us t we "k ( a "w by ,rufus on melan*oly4 ,see especially ,de melan*olia 7#aecf71 p4 #bhe1 8,inv5imus ,rufum cl>issimum m$icum de melan*olia fecisse librum44440 #cjaa ,de gradibus 7#aecf71 p4 #cgh4 #cjab ,edition ( #aecf1 pp4 #bj1 #bij1 #cef4 #cjac ,!orica1 ,x1 #i2 ed4 ( #aeae1 fol4 #ed4 #cjad ,practica1 ,,vii1 #ei 7#aeae71 fol4 #aadv4 #cjae ,ed4 ( #aeda1 pp4 #cai-ba4 #cjaf ,spec4 nat41 ,,xvi1 #di4 #cjag ,de gradibus 7#aecf71 p4 #cfj1 8de quo ,arab 7,ari/otle87 9 libro de lapidibus intitulato40 #cjah ,manoscritto ,sal]nitano dilucidato dal ,pr(4 ,h5s*el1 9 ,r5zi 7#ahec71 ,,ii1 #a-hj1 especially pp4 #af1 #da1 #ei4 #cjai ,de aegritud9um curatione tractatus1 ,r5zi1 ,,ii1 #ha-chf2 ,de febribus tractatus1 ,,ii1 #gcg-fh4 #cjbj ,! preface to ,con/ant9us' translation ( ,isaac on fev]s is address$ to 8 8de>e/ son1 ,john03 see ,brussels1 ,libr>y ( ,dukes ( ,burgundy #aedhi1 #ad? c5tury1 8,quoniam te k>issime fili ,iohanne02 ,cambrai #iad1 #ac-ad? c5tury2 ,cambrai #ijg1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #a1 ,prefatio ,con/ant9i ad ,johannem discipulum4 #cjba ,h[ev]1 9 an ,ox=d ,,ms ! ,lib] aureus itself is ascrib$ to 8,john1 son ( ,con/ant9us03 ,bodleian #bjfj1 #a1 ,joannis filii ,con/ant9i de re m$ica lib] aureus4 #cjbb ,int]e/ 9 su* works 0 ar\s$ by ! almo/ simultane\s publication ( ,r4 ,h5drie's ,engli% translation ( ,!ophilus1 ,london1 #ahdg2 ! publication ( ! ,mappe clavicula 9 a 8,lett] f ,sir ,?omas ,phillipps to ,alb]t ,way0 9 ,ar*aeologia1 ,,xxxii1 #ahc-bdd1 ,london1 #ahdg2 & ! inclusion ( ,h]aclius1 ,de coloribus et de artibus ,romanorum1 9 ,mrs4 ,m]rifield's ,anci5t ,practice ( ,pa9t+1 ,london1 #ahdi4 ,h5drie pr9t$ ! ,lat9 text ( ,!ophilus ) 8 translation4 ,a4 ,ilg publi%$ a revis$ ,lat9 text ) a ,g]man translation 9 #ahgd1 ) a full] acc\nt ( ! ,,mss4 #cjbc ,m]rifield 7#ahdi71 ,i1 #aff-gd4 #cjbd ,b]!lot 7#ahic71 ,i1 #bi4 ,he dat$1 h[ev]1 ,rob]t ( ,*e/]'s translation ( ,mori5us ?irty-eight ye>s too late 9 t c5tury1 mi/ak+ ! ,spani% = ! ,*ri/ian era4 #cjbe ,ibid41 p4 #ah4 #cjbf ,b]!lot 7#ahic71 ,i1 #afi4 #cjbg ,m]rifield 7#ahdi71 ,i1 #ahc4 ,see also pp4 #ahi-ia4 #cjbh ,ibid41 p4 #ahc1 8,nil tibi scribo equidem quod non prius ipse probassem40 #cjbi ,ibid41 p4 #ahg4 #cjcj ,trait des ,arts ,cramiques1 p4 #cjd1 cit$ by ,m]rifield1 ,i1 #agg4 ,?is is n1 h[ev]1 to be reg>d$ z ! inv5tion ( lead glaz+1 s9ce1 z ,william ,burton writes 78,c]amics0 9 ,,eb1 p4 #gjf71 8lead glazes 7 ext5sively us$ 9 ,egypt & ! ne>] ,ea/ 9 ,ptolemaic times40 ,he adds1 8,& x is significant t1 ?\gh ! ,romans made s+ul>ly little use ( glazes ( any k9d1 ! pott]y t succe$$ !irs1 ei!r 9 we/]n ,europe or 9 ! ,byzant9e ,empire1 0 g5]ally cov]$ ) glazes ri* 9 lead40 #cjca ,= ^! works see ,b]!lot 7#ahic71 ,,iii1 or ,lippmann 7#aiai71 :o foll[s him4 ,i h n _h access to ,e4 ,wi$emann1 ,zur ,*emie bei d5 ,arab]n1 9 ,sitzungsb]i*te d] physikalis*-m$iz9is*5 ,societt 9 ,erlang51 ,,xliii 7#aiaa72 & 8 ,die ,al*emie bei d5 ,arab]n1 9 ,j\rnal fr praktis*e ,*emie1 ,,lxxvi 7#aijg71 #he-hg1 #aje-bc4 #cjcb ,! full title is 8,compositiones ad t+5da musiva1 pelles et alia1 ad deaur&um f]rum1 ad m9]alia1 ad *rysographiam1 ad glut9a qua$am confici5da1 aliaque artium docum5ta40 ,! ,,ms1 ,biblio!ca capituli canonicorum ,luc5sium1 ,arm4 ,i1 ,cod4 ,l1 0 pr9t$ 9 ,muratori1 ,antiquitates ,italicae1 ,,ii 7#agci71 #cfd-hg4 ,x is describ$ by ,b]!lot 7#ahic71 ,i1 #g-bb1 ^: comp>ison ( x ) previ\s treatises ,i foll[4 #cjcc ,b]!lot 7#ahhh71 ,i1 #ab1 note4 #cjcd ,text & "s discussion !re( 9 ,ar*aeologia1 ,,xxxii 7#ahdg71 #ahc-bdd4 ,analyz$ by ,b]!lot 7#ahic71 ,i1 #bc-fe4 ,on ! ,s*le/adt ,,ms ( ! #aj? c5tury1 see ,giry 9 ,biblio?que de l'cole des ,hautes tudes1 ,,xxxv 7#ahgh71 #bji-bg4 #cjce ,see recipes #aje-ic4 #cjcf ,b]!lot 7#ahic71 ,i1 #eg4 #cjcg ,ibid41 #fa4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 w\ld trace ! discov]y ( alcohol back to ,hippolytus4 ,see above1 p4 #dfh4 #cjch 8,accipies ad exp]im5tum donec primitus discas non multum cum semel facias40 #cjci 8,absconde sanctum et nulli trad5dum secretum neque alicui d$]is propheta40 #cjdj ,b]!lot 7#ahic71 ,i1 #cjc-d4 #cjda ,item #bfe4 #cjdb ,item #bij4 #cjdc ,item #bhi4 #cjdd ,de coloribus et artibus ,romanorum1 ,i1 iv4 ,i h some:at alt]$ ,mrs4 ,m]rifield's translation 7,i1 #ahf74 #cjde ,ibid41 ,i1 xi2 ,mrs4 ,m]rifield 7#ahdi71 ,i1 #ahi-ia4 #cjdf ,ibid41 ,i1 xii3 8,s$ vim cri/alli cruor antea temp]et hirci ,sanguis enim facilem f]ro facit 8 adamantem40 ,mrs4 ,m]rifield 7,i1 #aid7 has incorrectly r5d]$ ?is passage1 8,b let ! blood ( a goat fir/ temp] x1 = ?is blood makes ! iron s h>d t ev5 adamant is s(t comp>$ to x40 ,:at ,h]aclius says is1 8,b fir/ let ! blood ( a he-goat temp] ! =ce ( ! cry/al1 ,= ?is blood makes adamant s(t to ! iron40 #cjdg ,s*$ula div]s>um artium1 ,,iii1 #ih4 #cjdh ,ibid41 ,,iii1 #id4 #cjdi ,ibid41 ,,iii1 #ba4 #cjej ,b]!lot 7#ahic71 ,i1 #fc4 ,8 ,fr5* translation omits "s ( ! ,lat9 text z publi%$ 9 ,ar*aeologia1 cap4 #bhh4 #cjea 8,c>dan's conc5tric circles10 accord+ to ,b]!lot 7#ahic71 ,i1 #fd4 #cjeb ,b]!lot 7#ahic71 ,i1 #ee4 #cjec ,,ii1 prologus 7clos+ passage74 8,huius ergo imitator desid]ans =e1 appreh5di atrium agiae ,sophiae conspicorque cellulam div]sorum colorum omnimodo v>ietate ref]tam et mon/rantem s+ulorum utilitatem ac naturam4 ,quo mox inobs]vato p$e +ressus1 replevi arm>iolum cordis mei suffici5t] ex omnibus1 quae dilig5ti exp]i5tia sigillatim p]scrutatus1 cuncta visu manibusque probata satis lucide tuo /udio comm5davi absque invidia4 ,v]um quoniam huiusmodi picturae usus p]spicax non valet esse1 quasi curiosus explorator omnibus modis elaboravi cognosc]e1 quo artis +5io et colorum v>ietas opus decor>et1 et lucem diei solisque radios non repell]et4 ,huic ex]citio dans op]am vitri naturam compreh5do1 eiusque solius usu et v>ietate id effici posse consid]o1 quod artificium1 sicut visum et auditum didici1 /udio tuo indag>e curavi40 ,ilg's ,lat9 text 7#ahgd74 #cjed ,,iii1 #dg4 #cjee ,i h foll[$ ,ilg's r ?an ,h5drie's text2 ,,iii1 #dh4 #cjef ,h5drie 7#ahdg71 pp4 #dcb-c4 #cjeg ,ern/ von ,mey]1 ,hi/ory ( ,*emi/ry1 #aijf4 #cjeh ,migne1 ,,pl #adf1 #ehc-d4 ,"s accus$ ! bi%op ( resort to magic arts3 ,ibid41 #fjf4 #cjei ,w4 ,/ubbs1 9 ,,rs ,,lxiii1 p4 cix4 ,c4 ,l4 ,b>nes1 ,sci5ce 9 ,e>ly ,engl&1 9 ,smi?sonian ,report = #ahie1 p4 #gcb4 ,( ! al*emy ascrib$ to ,dun/an1 ,elias ,a%mole rem>k$ 9 8 ,!atrum ,*emicum ,britannicum1 #afeb1 8,he :o %all h ! happ9ess to meet ) ,/4 ,dun/an's "w ,de occulta philosophia 444 may !re9 read su* /ories z w make him amaz$ to ?9k :at /up5d\s & imm5se ?+s are to be p]=m$ by virtue ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,m]cury1 ( :i* a ta/e only & no m40 #cjfj ,b]!lot 7#ahic71 ,i1 #bcd4 #cjfa ,k>p9ski 7#aiae71 pp4 #bf-cj2 ,hask9s1 ,,ehr1 ,,xxx 7#aiae71 #fb-e4 #cjfb ,b]l9 #ief1 #ab? c5tury1 8,hic incipit al*amia4 ,accipe ,,cccc ova gaul9e que g5]ata sunt et facta 9 m5se m>tii 444_/ 444 ut rec5tiora s9t semp] et calidiora4 ,explicit al*amia40 ,! titles ( ! la/ ?ree *apt]s are1 8de iiii ollis1 de cognitione1 de obs]vatione /e/>um40 ,i h n se5 ! ,,ms b foll[ ,rose's description 9 ! ,b]l9 ,,mss catalogue4 #cjfc ,i h us$ ! edition ( ,m>bod's poems 9 ,migne1 ,,pl vol4 #aga1 :i* also conta9s a life ( ,m>bod4 ,two second>y acc\nts ( ,m>bod are ,c4 ,f]ry1 ,de ,m>bodi ,rh$on5sis ,episcopi vita et c>m9ibus1 ,nemansi1 #ahgg2 ,l4 ,v4 ,e4 ,ernault1 ,m>bode1 vque de ,r5nes1 ,sa vie et ses uvres1 9 ,bull4 et ,mm4 de la ,socit ,ar*ologique du dept4 d',ille-et-,vila9e1 ,,xx1 #a-bfj1 ,r5nes1 #ahhi4 ,see also ,v4 ,rose1 ,ari/oteles ,de ,lapidibus und ,arnoldus ,saxo1 9 ,zeits*4 f4 deuts*es ,alt]?um1 ,,xviii 7#ahge71 p4 #cba1 et seq42 ,l4 ,panni]1 ,les lapidaires franais du moy5 ge1 ,p>is1 #ahhb4 ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 ( ,preci\s ,/ones & ,gems1 ,london1 #ahfe4 #cjfd ,,clm #bcdgi1 #aa? c5tury1 fols4 #d-aj1 ,c>m9a de lapidibus eadem quae ,m>bodo tribuuntur s$ alio ord9e4 ,( ,,cul #gfh1 #ae? c5tury1 fols4 #fg-hj1 8,m>bodi lib] lapidum10 ! ,catalogue says1 8,?is ,lat9 poem has be5 (t5 pr9t$ b x does n appe> t ! editors h collat$ ?is ,,ms4 ,! ord] ( ! sections is diff]5t f all ^? ( :i* ,beckmann speaks 9 8 edition 7,gtt+51 #agii71 answ]+1 h[ev]1 mo/ ne>ly to 8 own40 #cjfe ,! full "n ( ,tib]ius 01 ( c\rse1 ,tib]ius ,claudius ,n]o ,caes>4 #cjff ,libr>y ( ,dukes ( ,burgundy #hhij1 #ab? c5tury1 ,evacis regis4 ,,bn #bfba1 #ab? & #ae? c5turies1 #f1 ,poemation de gemmis cuius au?or dicitur ,evax1 ,rex ,arabiae4 ,montpelli] #bgg1 ,lib] lapidum preciosorum ,evax rex ,arabum4 ,ricc>d4 #abbh1 #ab? c5tury1 fols4 #da-ed2 ,incipit prologus ,evacis regis ,arabie ad ,n]onem ,tyb]ium de lapidibus4 ,incipit lapid>ius ,evacis hab5s nom9a gemm>um lx4 ,,bl ,hatton #gf conta9s two lett]s ( ,evax1 k+ ( ! ,arabs1 to ,tib]ius ,caes>1 on ! virtues ( /ones1 accord+ to ,cockayne 7#ahfd71 ,i1 xc & lxxxiv4 #cjfg ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,b4 ,pitra1 ,,iii 7#ahee71 #cbd-ce4 #cjfh ,,bn #gdah1 #ad? c5tury1 fol4 #aaf-1 7,d7amig]onis p]itissimi de lapidibus4 ,s9ce ?is is ! sole ,,ms kn[n ( ! prose v]sion 7,rose1 #ahge1 p4 #cbf7 & is ( ! #ad? c5tury1 :]eas we h num]\s e>ly ,,mss ( ,m>bod's poem1 x w\ld seem t ?is may be d]iv$ f ,m>bod r ?an ev5 f ! e>li] & full] "w :i* he is suppos$ to h us$4 #cjfi ,namely1 ,leo1 ,canc]1 ,aries1 ,sagitt>ius1 ,taurus1 ,virgo1 & ,capricorn4 #cjgj ,see page #gge1 note #b4 #cjga ,k+ 7#ahfe71 p4 #g2 ,rose 7#ahge71 p4 #cce4 #cjgb ,f]ry 7#ahhg71 p4 #fi4 #cjgc ,,nh ,,xxxvi1 #ef4 ,pl9y1 h[ev]1 makes ^! /atem5ts ab\t *elonia & n *elonitis :i* foll[s x4 #cjgd ,! /ones :i* ,i h tak5 z examples are numb]s #a1 #c1 #e1 #ah1 #ai1 #ci1 & #eg respectively4 #cjge ,see above1 *apt] #bi1 page #fhi4