,transcrib] ,note ,text emphasis d5ot$ z ,italics & ,bold44 ,illu/ration3 ,mrs4 ,lizzie ,e4 ,cotton ,,bee ,,keep+ ,,= ,,pr(it ,a ,,new ,,sy/em ,,( ,bee ,managem5t1 ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,,by ,mrs4 ,lizzie ,e4 ,cotton1 ,,we/ ,,gorham1 ,,ma9e4 ,,illu/rat$4 #ahhj4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahhj1 by ,,mrs4 ,,lizzie4 ,e4 ,,cotton1 9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 at ,wa%+ton4 ,,cont5ts4 ,*apt]4 ,page ,i4--,honey ,bees #ac ,,ii4--,! ,controllable ,hive & ,new ,sy/em ( ,bee ,managem5t #bb ,,iii4--,pat5t & non-,pat5t ,hives #bi ,,iv4--,fe$+ #cb ,v4--,boxes = ,surplus ,honey #dj ,,vi4--,sw>m+ & ,hiv+ #de ,,vii4--,ang] ( ,bees #ee ,,viii4--,bee ,mo? #ei ,,ix4--,robb+ #fb ,x4--,pr(its ( ,bee ,keep+ #ff ,,xi4--,*ang+ ,old ,que5s = ,"y ,ones #gd ,,xii4--,re>+ & ,introduc+ ,que5s #gg ,,xiii4--,s\rces ( ,honey #hd ,,xiv4--,location ( ,hives #hi ,,xv4--,w9t]+ ,bees #ib ,,xvi4--,transf]r+ ,bees #ih ,,xvii4--,italian ,bees #ajc ,,xviii4--,con/ruction ( ,controllable ,hives #ajg ,,xix4--,mon?ly ,duties #aac ,,xx4--,conclusion #abj ,,preface4 ,9 pres5t+ ?is "w ,i h no apology to make4 ,aft] an exp]i5ce ) bees dat+ almo/ f *ildhood1 & a c>eful /udy ( all works publi%$ on ! subject ( bees1 & ! j\rnals devot$ to t p>ticul> bran* ( rural affairs1 ,i f9d !ory1 guess-"w1 prejudice & selfi% motives are s preval5t1 z to confuse & disc\rage ! beg9n]1 & f9ally1 all :o are seek+ aft] in=mation by :i* !y may make bee keep+ a s\rce ( pr(it1 & :o wi% to adopt a correct & sci5tific sy/em ( bee managem5t4 ,9 my e>ly ef=ts at bee keep+1 ,i met ) _m failures & heavy losses1 f be+ confus$ by ! contradictory tea*+s ( selfi% or ignorant bee keep]s1 & f a lack ( t p]sonal k :i* exp]i5ce1 & a close /udy ( ! nature & habits ( bees has n[ plac$ 9 my possession4 ,aft] _m unsuccessful exp]im5ts1 & c>eful inve/igation1 & a close /udy ( ! natural habits & in/9cts ( bees1 ,i h succe$$ 9 inv5t+ a hive & new sy/em ( bee managem5t :i* completely *anges ! :ole process ( bee keep+1 & r5d]s ! bus9ess safe1 pleasant & pr(itable4 ,! hive & sy/em ( bee managem5t recomm5d$ 9 ^! pages is entirely orig9al ) me1 & is n pat5t$4 ,i inv5t$ ! hive & plan ( managem5t = my own use1 z ,i am engag$ 9 rais+ honey = m>ket1 & wi% e sw>m ( bees ,i keep to produce ! greate/ possible am\nt ( surplus honey1 & 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t & attractive m>ketable =m4 ,i am induc$ to place ?is "w be=e ! public at ! e>ne/ & (t repeat$ reque/s ( fri5ds & correspond5ts4 ,! "w has be5 hurri$ly writt51 z ,i _h b little sp>e "t to devote to ?is matt]1 consequ5tly s5t5ces are n all1 p]haps1 grammatically arrang$4 ,i h made ! beautiful ( second>y importance to ! useful4 ,i h endeavor$1 h[ev]1 to make my /atem5ts s cle> z to be readily und]/ood & compreh5d$ by e p]son ( intellig5ce1 al?\gh he may be :olly unacqua9t$ ) bee keep+4 ,e p]son1 :o has a f>m or g>d51 %\ld keep bees1 at lea/ "o or m sw>ms1 to furni% honey = ! use ( ! family4 ,!re is no great] luxury ?an nice honey 9 clean sn[-:ite comb 9 nice glass boxes1 su* z is produc$ by my new sy/em ( bee managem5t4 ,?is be/ ( all sweets is n[ )9 rea* ( e "o :o has a plot ( gr\nd l>ge en\gh to set a hive ( bees ^u4 ,aft] bees are once locat$ 9 my hives b v little exp5se is requir$ to keep !m 9 prop] condition1 s t !y w give a good quantity ( nice box honey e ye>4 ,"u ! old me?ods ( bee keep+1 bees requir$ a great deal ( c>e & att5tion1 especially dur+ ! summ] season4 ,& !n ! w9t]s 7 v de/ructive to !m1 _m (t5 los+ _! entire /ock2 or if !y 7 n a total loss1 !y 7 s damag$ by ! w9t] z to be ( no pr(it1 & two sev]e w9t]s 9 succession 7 q sure to f9i% !m4 ,?is 0 v disc\rag+1 & _m h ab&on$ bee keep+1 entirely disc\rag$4 ,on my plan a complete revolution is effect$ 9 bee managem5t1 z w be %[n 9 ?is "w4 ,!re is 9 my op9ion no pursuit :i* (f]s great] inducem5ts ?an bee keep+1 especially to wom54 ,!re are v _m :o are conf9$ indoors ne>ly ! :ole "t1 exclud$ f ! air & sun%9e1 to ! great injury ( _! heal?2 & aft] ?is great sacrifice !y b>ely succe$ 9 obta9+ a livelihood4 ,to su*1 bee keep+ (f]s great inducem5ts1 su* z improv$ heal?1 & a h&some recomp5se = all labor p]=m$4 ,i am acqua9t$ ) _m :o h comm5c$ bee keep+ on my plan1 :o are meet+ ) complete success4 ,a lady b\ght a sw>m ( ,italian bees ( me 9 #ahgd1 & %e writes me t f t "o %e increas$ h] /ock to ov] tw5ty sw>ms ! ?ird season2 besides %e got ov] "o hundr$ p\nds ( nice honey f ! sw>m ,i s5t h] ! fir/ season4 ,"h ,i wi% to be cle>ly und]/ood2 ,i d n wi% to hold out inducem5ts :i* w nev] be realiz$1 = ! purpose ( caus+ any "o to comm5ce bee-keep+2 yet ,i believe bee keep+ on correct pr9ciples %\ld be enc\rag$1 until bees en\gh are kept to collect all ! honey n[ all[$ to g to wa/e1 & :i* if collect$ by bees & /or$ 9 nice glass boxes1 w\ld add millions ( doll>s to ! weal? ( ! c\ntry4 ,s9ce ! day ,i introduc$ my ,controllable ,hive & new sy/em ( bee managem5t to ! notice ( ! public1 ! wor?less bee hive sw9dl]s & _! tools h be5 boil+ ov] ) wra? aga9/ me1 ly+ & sl&]+ me ?r\gh ! public j\rnals1 & especially ?r\gh ! ,bee ,j\rnals1 & all because1 t ,i1 a woman1 _h succe$$ 9 inv5t+ a bee hive & new sy/em ( bee managem5t sup]ior to any?+ yet produc$1 & :i* 0 fa/ com+ into use on its m]its among bee keep]s2 consequ5tly ! sale ( o!r hives 0 decreas+ 9 ! same proportion4 ,i fir/ p]fect$ ! hive & sy/em ( managem5t = my own use1 ) no ?\ght ( mak+ x public1 b ?r\gh ! k9dness ( my p]sonal fri5ds1 & o!rs :o h visit$ me to enquire into ! new sy/em1 x has become kn[n f ,ma9e to ,oregon1 & adopt$ by _m ( ! mo/ intellig5t bee keep]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,& 9 compliance ) t comm& 9 ! good book :i* reads--,let y\r light %9e1 ,i am det]m9$ to spread ! tru?1 reg>dless ( all opposition f ! ignorant & selfi% cr[d :i* is con/antly attack+ me4 ,)\t egotism ,i claim a ?or\gh k ( ! habits & in/9cts ( bees4 ,consequ5tly ,i claim a ?or\gh k ( ! requisites ( a hive1 & all fixtures p]ta9+ to x1 z well z a k requir$ to make bee keep+ successful & pr(itable2 & all ?is has be5 acquir$ 9 ! s*ool ( exp]i5ce & practice4 ,k9d read]1 ,i respectfully submit ! foll[+ pages1 & ask = !m a c&id & unprejudic$ consid]ation4 ,read c>efully & und]/&+ly1 & apply to bee keep+1 & ,i feel c]ta9 y w realize _m times ! co/ ( ?is book 9 ! increas$ pr(its ( y\r bees1 manag$ z "h direct$4 ,! /atem5ts h]e9 set =? are ! result ( _m ye>s practical exp]i5ce ) bees ) a view ( mak+ ! rais+ ( honey = m>ket pr(itable1 & ! g5]al managem5t ( bees successful4 ,,mrs4 ,,lizzie ,e4 ,,cotton4 ,we/ ,gorham1 ,ma9e1 ,aug4 #e?1 #ahhj4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,honey ,,bees4 ,illu/ration3 ,,que5 ,,bee4 ,a ,,sw>m ( bees conta9s "o ,que51 ?\s&s ( work]s & 9 ! summ] season a limit$ numb] ( drones4 ,! que5 is ! only fully develop$ female 9 ! sw>m4 ,%e nev] leaves ! hive except on two occasions--:5 lead+ a sw>m1 & :5 b a few days old1 to meet ! drone1 or male bee1 9 ! air1 = ! purpose ( fecundation4 ,x appe>s f close obs]vation t only "o impregnation is op]ative dur+ life1 z old que5s h nev] be5 kn[n to leave ! hive = t purpose4 ,! natural life ( ! que5 av]ages f f\r to six ye>s4 ,que5s sometimes become entirely b>r5 be=e dea?2 at o!r times ! eggs ( old que5s are f\nd to produce only drones4 ,no matt] :e!r deposit$ 9 drone cells1 or work] cells1 ! prog5y w be drones inv>iably4 ,:5 drones are re>$ 9 work] cells !y w be v mu* dw>f$ 9 size1 not)/&+ ! work] bees' attempt to ov]come ! difficulty1 by l5g!n+ ! work] cells1 to accommodate ! mon/rosities4 ,! que5 has a /+1 yet %e may be h&l$ ) impunity1 = %e w n use x except :5 9 deadly combat ) a rival que54 ,%e receives ! mo/ m>k$ att5tion f all memb]s ( h] family2 deprive a sw>m ( _! que51 & !y w1 z soon z ! loss is kn[n1 manife/ ! greate/ agitation & al>m1 & if ! sw>m is "o j hiv$1 & only a few h\rs f ! p>5t /ock1 !y w all return at once to ! old home4 ,!y appe> to fully realize ! va/ importance ( a "m1 & t ) no means to supply h] place !y mu/ soon p]i%2 & to avoid _! imp5d+ fate !y return to ! old hive4 ,) old /ocks depriv$ ( _! que5 ! result is diff]5t1 z w be %[n fur!r on4 ,e "o :o keeps bees %\ld /rive to become famili> ) ! appe>ance ( ! que51 t !y may be able to recognize h] at a glance among ?\s&s ( work]s1 z x w (t5 be necess>y to look h] up 9 my new sy/em ( bee managem5t4 ,9 look+ = ! que5 9 full hives1 %e is usually f\nd on ! brood combs1 unless 9 op5+ ! hive %e may h be5 fright5$1 & tak5 refuge 9 "s hid+ place1 z ! corn] ( ! hive1 at ! bottom ends ( ! comb-frames1 or "s simil> hid+ place4 ,aft] we become famili> ) h] appe>ance & movem5ts we are able to f9d h] q readily1 ev5 :5 ! hive is cr[d$ ) bees4 ,illu/ration3 ,,work] ,,bee4 ,! work] bee is mu* small] ?an ! que54 ,on ! work] devolves all ! labor ( ! sw>m4 ,!y collect honey1 poll5 or bee bread1 & propolis1 or bee glue4 ,! work]s produce wax f honey1 & f ! wax !y build comb1 9 :i* to /ore ! honey & bee bread !y collect1 = _! own use 9 "t ( ne$4 ,wax is produc$ f honey1 z butt] is produc$ f milk4 ,bees d n collect wax1 b !y collect honey1 :i* by a natural process 9 ! /oma* ( ! bee is *ang$1 & exudes f betwe5 ! r+s ( ! abdom5 9 m9ute scales ( wax1 :i* is deta*$ by ! bee & m\ld$ into comb4 ,! work] bee possesses a /+1 & is ev] ready to make use ( x 9 def5d+ home & treasure4 ,?is is a wise provision ( nature1 = 7 x o!rwise1 ! o!r insect & animal tribes w\ld appropriate ! treasures ( ! bee--honey1 wax1 c41 & ?is indu/ri\s little insect w\ld soon become ext9ct4 ,! work] bee possesses an in/9ct b little inf]ior to reason 9 ! human family4 ,a few examples w %[ _! wond]ful in/9ct3 ,tw5ty hives ( bees1 plac$ 9 a r[1 b a few in*es di/ant "o f ! o!r1 all ( l size1 %ape & color2 ! bees to our p]ception exactly alike1 no diff]5ce 9 size1 %ape1 color or action2--yet e bee ( ?is va/ numb] 7:i* at "s seasons ( ! ye> w\ld am\nt to m ?an six hundr$ ?\s& bees7 9 ^! tw5ty hives kn[s its own hive1 & if let alone w n ent] any o!r1 except x be = ! purpose ( secur+ ! honey !re9 = its own use1 or 9 o!r words to plund] & rob its neighbor4 ,!re is no int]c\rse betwe5 sw>ms--ea* is a sep>ate colony gov]n$ by a que54 ,if ?r\gh mi/ake ! subjects ( "o ent] ! doma9 ( ano!r1 a w> ( ext]m9ation is comm5c$ at once4 ,to te/ ?is po9t1 ,i *ang$ two hives s t !y 7 rev]s$1 ! "o occupy+ ! place ( ! o!r4 ,?is 0 done :ile ! bees 7 out collect+ honey 9 a w>m day4 ,! fir/ bees t ent]$ ! hive 7 in/antly kill$1 & ?is 0 kept up until ! hives 7 set 9 _! prop] places4 ,! gr\nd 9 front ( ! hives 0 cov]$ ) hundr$s ( dead bees4 ,a bee is kill$ almo/ in/antly by ! /+ ( ano!r4 ,! "y bee on its fir/ excursion f ! hive does n leave its home )\t precaution4 ,) a view to a safe return1 x turns its head t[>ds its home1 rises sl[ly on ! w+1 at fir/ describ+ a circle ( only a few in*es 9 diamet]1 z x rec$es sl[ly backw>d1 seem+ to s m>k e object surr\nd+ ! hive z to enable x to return & ent]1 )\t ! slighte/ dang] ( ent]+ any o!r hive4 ,bees 9 ,spr+1 9 _! fir/ flight1 m>k _! location 9 ?is mann]4 ,aft] ! location has be5 ?us m>k$1 ! bees leave ! hive 9 a direct l9e1 & return by _! way-m>ks1 ) p]fect accuracy & regul>ity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,drone ,,bee4 ,! drone bee is a clumsy fell[4 ,! drones are ! male bees4 ,:]e a doz5 or m hives are kept1 !re is no necessity = m drones ?an "o sw>m w\ld naturally re>1 yet ea* "o ( ! twelve sw>ms c>ries out its natural proclivities1 & re>s a l>ge numb] ( ^! useless consum]s1 n "o 9 a ?\s& ( :i* is ev] ( any use4 ,sw>ms %\ld n be p]mitt$ to re> a l>ge numb] ( ^! non produc]s4 ,a few are indisp5sable1 yet we %\ld take ?is matt] into our own h&s4 ,n "o drone 9 five ?\s& ev] fulfils ! purpose = :i* x 0 creat$4 ,fifty drone cells is en\gh = "o hive1 & :5 m ?an ?is numb] is con/ruct$ 7sometimes !y w numb] a ?\s& or m 9 a hive7 cut out all b a v few1 & fit 9 a piece ( work] comb 9 _! place--x is m pr(it to raise work]s ?an drones4 ,drones leave ! hive1 to sport 9 ! sun%9e 9 l>ge numb]s1 e f9e aft]noon 9 ,june & ,july4 ,:5 on ! w+ !y make a v l\d1 co>se buzz+4 ,!y h no /+ & may be h&l$ )\t ! lea/ fe>4 ,:5 ! honey season is ov]1 ! work] bees drive out ! drones1 & a prosp]\s sw>m w n tol]ate a drone 9 ! hive ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,9 ,septemb] ,i h se5 a qu>t or m ( drones clu/]$ toge!r ne> ! entrance ( ! hive1 f :5ce !y _h be5 driv5 by ! bees4 ,! work]s on gu>d ab\t ! entrance ( ! hive1 w\ld n let "o pass into ! hive1 ?\gh !y 7 con/antly mak+ ! attempt4 ,z soon z "o w\ld approa* ! entrance to ! hive to pass 91 a half doz5 or m work]s w\ld seize him1 & drag him /ruggl+ to ! edge ( ! plat=m & pit* him (f1 at app>5t great dang] to 8 portly & clumsy body4 ,i wi% to impress /rongly on ! m9ds ( all :o adopt my plan ( bee managem5t1 ! great importance ( cutt+ out all ! drone cells1 except a v few 9 e hive4 ,don't leave m ?an fifty1 half t numb] w d4 ,aft] y h once cut out ! surplus drone comb & fitt$ 9 work] comb1 !re is no fur!r tr\ble ) an excess ( drones f t hive4 ,x takes a great deal ( honey to re> a l>ge brood ( drones1 & /ill m to support !m 9 idl5ess two or ?ree mon?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,honey ,,cell--,,work] ,,cells--,,que5 ,,cells ,?is engrav+ repres5ts a section ( comb 9 a m9iature comb frame1 conta9+ all ! diff]5t cells f\nd 9 a hive4 ,at ! top are cells = /or+ honey4 ,at ! extreme "r1 ne> ! bottom1 is a que5 cell complete1 z x appe>s 9 que5 rais+1 or 9 "o week aft] a sw>m has be5 depriv$ ( its que51 9 a full /ock1 or z x is f\nd 9 /ocks t sw>m naturally1 at ! "t ! fir/ sw>m issues4 ,?\gh (t5 f\nd 9 diff]5t places on ! comb1 & (t5 to ! numb] ( a half doz5 or m 9 "o /ock or hive1 yet its relative position is always ! same4 ,x w always pres5t ! same appe>ance1 :e!r at ! edges or on o!r p>ts ( ! comb4 ,ne> ! que5 cell is se5 ! work] cells1 conta9+ brood 9 all /ages ( gr[?1 f ! t9y egg j deposit$ by ! que51 to ! full-gr[n grub1 or "y bee4 ,ne> ! work] cells1 at ! bottom1 are ! empty drone cells4 ,bre$+4 ,! natural increase ( ! honey bee is v imp]fectly und]/ood by ! great majority ( bee keep]s4 ,v _m suppose t "y bees are rais$ only 9 ! w>m summ] mon?s1 & _! ideas ( ! modus op]&i ( increase are exce$+ly vague4 ,i f9d t /rung /ocks h matur+ brood ne>ly e mon? 9 ! ye>--h f\nd brood 9 /ocks 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,! que5 lays all ! f]tile eggs 9 ! sw>m2 consequ5tly all increase is dep5d5t on h]4 ,i say ! que5 lays all ! f]tile eggs1 because occasionally "u c]ta9 circum/ances we f9d eggs laid by work]s1 b "u my obs]vation su* eggs nev] mature4 ,egg-lay+ work]s are kn[n to be su*1 by eggs be+ f\nd 9 /ocks t h be5 depriv$ ( _! que51 & ! means ( re>+ ano!r4 ,?is is "o ( ! wond]s ( nature1 ( :i* no satisfactory solution has be5 giv54 ,! po9ts e/abli%$ z to ! sex ( bees are ^!3 ! que5 is a fully develop$ female2 ! drones are fully develop$ males2 ! work]1--:at is x8 ,! work] is said by "s to be neut]4 ,if ?is la/ is true1 h[ are ! eggs produc$8 ,o!rs say ! work] is a female ) g5]ative organs n fully develop$6 ,a pretty nice po9t--to cr$it !m ) ! p[] to produce eggs1 )\t imp>t+ vitality suffici5t to g]m9ate4 ,we w leave ?is knotty "q1 z x is ( no consequ5ce 9 ! practical managem5t ( bees = pr(it4 ,suffice x !n to say1 ! que5 is ! "m ( ! entire family1 & )\t a que5 no sw>m ( bees c long ,! "t tak5 to p]fect ! ?ree diff]5t k9ds ( bees1 que51 work] & drone1 v>ies slightly4 ,! que5 w mature 9 ab\t sixte5 days f ! "t ! egg is deposit$ 9 ! cell4 ,! drone & work] ea* 9 ab\t tw5ty days4 ,?is "t is subject to "s v>iation1 gov]n$ by ! wea!r1 & numb] ( bees 9 ! hive1 :i* causes ! temp]ature ( ! hive to be great] or less4 ,a high temp]ature w =w>d1 :ile a l[ temp]ature w ret>d1 ! matur+ ( ! brood4 ,sw>ms ) heal?y prolific que5s increase rapidly ?r\gh ! spr+ & summ]4 ,! que5 at ?is season w deposit f "o ?\s& to fifte5 hundr$ eggs p] day4 ,"s writ]s e/imate high]4 ,to secure s l>ge a numb] ( eggs1 & consequ5t increase ( bees1 we mu/ h heal?y prolific que5s to />t )1 & (f] e available facility to enc\rage ! desir$ increase4 ,h[ to d ?is successfully is %[n fur!r on4 ,if we wi% to secure a good h>ve/ ( honey1 we mu/ h ! bees to collect x1 & we mu/ h !m at ! prop] "t1 viz3 :5 ! h>ve/ is ready4 ,to d ?is we mu/ enc\rage bre$+ to ! utmo/ 9 e>ly spr+4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ ! que5 enl>ges ! circle conta9+ ! brood2 p]haps1 if ! /ock 0 v /rong1 & ev]y?+ favorable1 %e laid a few eggs 9 "o or two combs ne> ! c5t] ( ! clu/] ( bees 9 ,janu>y4 ,p]haps ! cells occupi$ at t "t 7 less ?an a doz51 all compact toge!r 9 a circle1 occupy+ less space ?an ! size ( a silv] half doll>4 ,z %e progresses1 ?is circle is enl>g$1 & ! cells on ! opposite side ( ?is comb is us$2 !n ! next comb & s on1 at ! same "t enl>g+ ! circle1 keep+ ! brood compactly toge!r1 s t ! bees1 by clu/]+ ar\nd x1 c keep up ! requir$ w>m? to =w>d to maturity ! brood4 ,z ! "y bees hat*1 ! que5 proce$s ) h] duties ( lay+ eggs1 until e brood cell is occupi$1 & z fa/ z a bee matures & leaves its cell1 %e is on h& ) an egg to occupy ! vacant place4 ,?is is kept up )\t cessation till sw>m+ "t1 :5 ! hive becomes cr[d$ ) bees1 !n1 z prep>ation = sw>m+1 ! que5 deposits eggs1 f :i* ! bees by a special c\rse ( treatm5t1 re> que5s4 ,:5 !y are seal$ ov]1 z %[n 9 ! plate1 ! old que5 leaves ! hive ) ! fir/ sw>m to seek a new home4 ,9 ab\t t5 days ! "y que5s hat* & lead out aft]-sw>ms--second1 ?ird1 etc4 ,:5 sw>m+ is ov]1 ! /ronge/ que5 de/roys ! o!rs1 & reigns ov] ! old sw>m till ano!r sw>m+ season4 ,?is is ! process 9 natural sw>m+2 on my plan we improve ^u ! process1 z w be %[n 9 ! prop] place4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,controllable ,,bee ,,hive ,,& ,,new ,,sy/em ,,( ,,bee ,,managem5t4 ,,x is n[ ne>ly t5 ye>s s9ce ,i p]fect$ ! ,controllable ,bee ,hive & ,new ,sy/em ( ,bee ,managem5t4 ,i comm5c$ bee keep+ ) ! common box hive1 ) no k :atev]1 ( ! habits ( bees4 ,i 0 n long 9 le>n+ t ,i c\ld n make bee keep+ a success ) ! box hive1 & ,i also f\nd t ! ?\s& & "o pat5t hives 7 no bett]1 & ! great majority ( su* hives1 inf]ior to ! simple box hive4 ,i f\nd !re 0 no practical me?od ( controll+ ! sw>m+ prop5sities ( bees4 ,all su* hives w\ld sw>m or n1 z seem$ to suit ! caprice ( ! bees1 :i* ,i f\nd v p]plex+4 ,/ocks "u ! old plan ( managem5t1 sometimes %[ e indication ( sw>m+1 su* 'z clu/]+ out1 etc41 yet !y adh]e p]t9aci\sly to ! old /ock ?r\gh ! entire summ]1 a peck or m ( !m clu/]+ idly on ! outside ( ! hive1 ?r\gh ! season2 & if "o put on boxes1 x is all ! same1 !y w d no?+4 ,& su* sw>ms (t5 />ve e>ly ! next w9t]1 aft] pass+ ! summ] 9 idl5ess4 ,o!r /ocks ) app>5tly n s _m bees w sw>m sev]al times2 (t5 sw>m s mu* z to r$uce ! numb] ( bees s l[ t ! bee mo? w effect its de/ruction dur+ ! summ]2 !re n be+ bees en\gh to protect ! combs f ! attacks ( ?is de/ructive little insect4 ,?is sw>m+ problem ,i f\nd v difficult to solve4 ,!re 7 s _m conflict+ !ories1 ,i f\nd ,i c\ld ga9 no positive1 reliable in=mation f any s\rce1 to aid me1 & t ,i mu/ solve ! problem by practical exp]im5t4 ,exp]i5ce is a good tea*]1 b (t5 a v co/ly "o4 ,"s told me if ,i wi%$ to prev5t sw>m+1 ,i mu/ cut out ! que5 cells1 :i* ! bees con/ruct$ prep>atory to sw>m+4 ,?is 0 simply impossible1 ) ! box hive1 sol con/ruct$ a hive ) movable frames1 s ! bees1 c\ld build _! combs 9 ! frames1 & ea* comb ( ! hive c\ld be lift$ out sep>ately4 ,b :5 ,i attempt$ to prev5t sw>m+ by cutt+ out ! que5 cells1 ,i f\nd if ,t 0 to ?w>t nature 9 t way1 ,i _h1 to say ! lea/1 a big job on my h&s4 ,i c\ld cut out ! que5 cells1 b )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] ,i _h done ?is1 ! bees w\ld h o!rs con/ruct$1 & be ready to sw>m1 & z ,i kept cutt+1 !y w\ld keep build+4 ,!y _h ! advantage ( numb]s & position1 & :5 ,i op5$ ! hive e day & de/roy$ su*1 to !m1 important "w1 !y 7 n long 9 decl>+ & proclaim+ me to be an enemy to !m1 & !y w\ld attack me :5ev] occasion (f]$4 ,i soon f\nd t if n impossible x 0 c]ta9ly impracticable to prev5t bees sw>m+ by cutt+ out ! que5 cells4 ,x 0 a surprise to me t ?is plan %\ld be recomm5d$ by bee keep]s claim+ to be well skill$ 9 bee managem5t4 ,aft] prov+ ?is plan ( no value1 ,i 0 told if ,i w\ld contract ! entrance to my hives s ! que5 c\ld n pass1 ,i c\ld !reby successfully prev5t sw>m+1 z ! sw>m w\ld n leave )\t ! que54 ,?is look$ to me l a v nice op]ation1 to say ! lea/1 9 fact1 m nice ?an wise4 ,h[ev]1 ,i det]m9$ to te/ ! plan4 ,i accord+ly contract$ ! entrance to my hives1 & lo6 ! drones be+ l>g] ?an ! que5 !y c\ld n pass6 s !y clu/]$ ab\t ! entrance1 & 9 _! ef=ts to get out1 completely block$ up ! passage1 s ! work]s c\ld n pass4 ,yet ?is plan ( contract+ ! entrance 0 claim$ to be protect$ by lett]s pat5t ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,i f\nd ?is plan = prev5t+ sw>m+ ( no value :atev]4 ,v _m o!r plans 7 t5d]$ me & te/$ ) l results4 ,i 0 all ?is "t pu%+ my exp]im5ts1 & le>n+ some?+ f exp]i5ce e day4 ,i 0 det]m9$ to arrange & con/ruct a hive :i* w\ld r5d] bee keep+ successful & pr(itable1 & ,i c say at ! pres5t "t1 my labors h be5 rew>d$ ) success4 ,i ought to g on & write out a description ( all ! old me?ods ( bee keep+1 & all ! pat5t bee hive humbugs1 ) ! ?\s& & "o non-pat5t hives & fixtures1 got up expressly to sw9dle bee keep]s out ( _! h>d e>n+s1 by a class ( rascals1 _m ( :om nev] own$ a sw>m ( bees1 & :o c>e n "o c5t :e!r bee keep+ is a success or o!rwise1 if !y c pocket a r\nd sum by _! fraud4 ,7 ,i to write out m9utely ^! po9ts1 ?is "w w\ld become too volum9\s & ext5d$2 besides x w\ld be ( no practical value to ! bee keep]1 :o wi%es to keep bees = pr(it4 ,i w n1 !re=e1 give su* m9ute descriptions ( all ! old sy/ems1 hives1 etc41 b w conf9e myself m closely to su* practical in=mation z w be ( value to ! bee keep]4 ,sw>m+ ,controll$4 ,h[ to control sw>m+ is truly an important "q4 ,i believe t ! successful controll+ ( sw>m+ is ! key to success & pr(it 9 bee keep+4 ,n[ h[ %all we d x8 ,i w tell y4 ,b fir/ a few prelim9>y words4 ,if sw>ms are desir$1 we arrange 9 e>ly spr+ to h !m issue 9 ! sw>m+ season1 & at su* a "t z w be/ suit our conv5i5ce4 ,:5 no sw>ms are want$1 we turn ! :ole =ce ( bees to /or+ surplus honey 9 small glass boxes1 ?r\gh\t ! entire season1 & h no sw>ms1 yet h ! same increase ( bees t w\ld be ga9$ if !y sw>m$4 ,!n all ! bees "w at /or+ honey 9 boxes1 in/ead ( sw>m+ out2 & to any "o :o has n te/$ ! matt] x is surpris+ to see ! am\nt ( honey :i* a sw>m ( bees w /ore :5 n all[$ to sw>m1 & f$ judici\sly1 ample box room be+ provid$ ( easy access1 s t all ! bees h room to "w1 & by ?is plan we are n con/antly wat*+ & wait+ = sw>ms ) unc]ta9ty ?r\gh\t ! entire summ]1 = we "k ) c]ta9ty :5 & :]e to look = sw>ms4 ,9 my plan1 ! sw>m+ prop]ties ( bees are effectively controll$1 )\t frequ5tly di/urb+ or ov]haul+ !m1 b by obs]v+ rules /rictly 9 accordance ) ! habits & in/9cts ( bees4#a ,footnote #a3 ,"h let me be cle>ly und]/ood4 ,i admit t bees w sometimes sw>m1 ) abundant room = "w 9 _! boxes4 ,yet ,i claim t on my plan all increase by sw>m+ may be prev5t$ )\t great tr\ble or p]plexity1 su* z has h]et(ore att5d$ all attempts to br+ ab\t ?is greatly to be desir$ object4 ,if a p]son comm5ces bee keep+1 ) a c]ta9 numb] ( sw>ms 9 controllable hives1 & 9 e>ly spr+ gives ! bees access to ! hive boxes1 & lat]1 aft] !y comm5ce "w 9 !m1 gives ! bees access to ! top boxes1 giv+ !m o!rwise ord9>y c>e1 7except to fe$ if desir$17 b a small proportion w sw>m on ! av]age ye>ly4 ,mu* ! l>g] portion w "w 9 ! boxes )\t sw>m+ out1 & give a h&some yield ( surplus box honey1 ! yield ( c\rse be+ gov]n$ by ! am\nt ( fe$ giv5 !m1 & ! yield f fl[]s1 etc4 ,b if increase ( /ocks is pref]r$1 r ?an surplus box honey--if ! bees are n giv5 access to ! boxes1 b conf9$ 9 _! labors to ! brood section ( ! hive1 be+ f$ z direct$1 ne>ly e "o w sw>m1 & sw>m e>ly4 ,if y wi% y\r bees 9 controllable hives to sw>m keep ! p>tition 9 place at ! sides ( ! brood section1 & ! honey bo>d ov] ! top2 or 9 o!r words1 keep ! bees conf9$ 9 _! labors to ! c5tral or brood section ( ! hive4 ,n[1 if y wi% !m to sw>m 9 any p>ticul> week ( ! sw>m+ season1 t5 days be=e1 remove ! old que54 7,x is well to kill h]1 & to d s1 take ) h] ab\t a p9t ( bees1 & put !m 9 a small m9iature hive1 six or eight in*es squ>e1 ) movable frames1 l ^? 9 ! c5tral "p ( ! controllable hive4 ,keep !m %ut 91 tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 !n give !m _! lib]ty1 & !y w "w ! same z a l>ge sw>m ?r\gh ! summ]2 b w n w9t]4 ,if su* que5s are kn[n to be v old x is be/ to de/roy !m :5 we take !m f ! sw>m4 ,keep only "y1 vigor\s que5s47 ,! bees 9 ! hive1 f :i* y h tak5 ! que51 w 9 ne>ly e in/ance1 con/ruct que5 cells imm$iately to replace ! loss ( _! que54 ,at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t1 !y seem to s5se fully _! loss1 & to "k t if !y d n get ano!r que5 at once1 _! loss is irrep>able4 ,!y usually w con/ruct a numb] ( cells1 p]haps a half doz5 or m4 ,^! w hat* 9 ab\t t5 days1 & !n sw>ms w issue4#b ,footnote #b3 ,%\ld any /ock fail to sw>m )9 two weeks f ! "t ! que5 is remov$1 at ! end ( t "t1 exam9e su* /ock1 & if !y h no que5 !y mu/ be furni%$ ) "o4 ,ab\t "o /ock 9 tw5ty1 depriv$ ( its que5 z direct$1 w fail to re> que5s4 ,if y wi% to devote b little "t to y\r bees1 & are n p>ticul> z to ! "t ( sw>m+1 & wi% to h b v few sw>ms1 or p]haps none at all1 e>ly 9 ! spr+1 z soon z bees comm5ce _! "w1 put on ! boxes 7sides & top17 & give ! bees access to !m2 side boxes fir/1 top boxes lat]4 ,by ?is c\rse1 b a v small proportion ( y\r /ocks w sw>m1 7if ?is plan is to be practic$ ea* ye>1 x w be necess>y to replace ! old que5s ) "y ones e ?ree or f\r ye>s4 ,if ?is is n done1 que5s w die1 or become b>r5 f old age1 & consequ5tly loss ( /ocks foll[s4 ,keep ?is po9t 9 y\r m9d3 "y heal?y1 prolific que5s1 are ess5tial to success17 z !y w h ample room 9 ! boxes = _! labor4 ,occasionally a hive treat$ 9 ?is way w sw>m1 &1 if y wi% to h no increase ( /ocks :atev]1 if a sw>m comes out1 hive x 9 a light box1 & z soon z ?is is done1 g to ! hive :i* !y came f & smoke lightly2 if ! bees are cross1 lift out ! comb frames f ! brood section ) ! bees adh]+2 exam9e ea* & e comb c>efully = que5 cells1 & cut (f all b "o4 ,success "h dep5ds on c>e & ?or\ghness1 = if y leave m ?an "o cell1 y\r bees may sw>m out aga9 9 a day or two4 ,aft] ?is is done1 spread a %eet on ! gr\nd2 set a light box1 l ! "o 9 :i* y h ! bees1 ne> "o side2 raise ! edge t[>ds :]e y w %ake ! bees "o in* or a little m1 to give ! bees a *ance to ent] ! box4 ,%ake ! bees f ! hive1 by a quick1 j]k+ motion1 ^u ! %eet1 ! mo/ ( !m "s two or ?ree feet f ! box4 ,) a l>ge spoon or ladle1 put a few up ne> ! box1 s !y w ent]1 & di/urb ! o!rs g5tly ) a quill or light bru%4 ,:5 !y comm5ce to ent] ! box1 !y w set up a l\d & cont9ual humm+1 or call1 & ! bees on ! %eet1 if lightly di/urb$ ) ! quill or bru%1 w spread out1 & m>* t[>ds ! hive1 :ile ^? on ! w+ w alight1 & jo9 !m 9 ! m>*4 ,n[ look closely = ! que51 & capture h]4 ,if %e is n f\nd be=e ! bees get into ! box1 %ake !m out aga91 & g ?r\gh ! same process1 till y f9d h]4 ,z soon z y h secur$ ! que51 ! bees1 9 a few m9utes1 f9d+ !mselves de/itute ( a que51 & n hav+ ! means ( rais+ ano!r to take h] place1 w rise on ! w+1 & return to ! old /ock f :i* !y came1 & w n come out aga91 b w "w 9 ! boxes ?r\gh\t ! season4 ,i w treat ( ?is subject ( sw>m+ no fur!r 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! m]its ( ! ,controllable ,hive & ,new ,sy/em ( ,bee ,managem5t1 w be fully %[n fur!r on 9 ?is "w1 & ! mo/ explicit in/ructions giv5 = re>+ bees ) pr(it4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,pat5t ,,& ,,non-,,pat5t ,,hives1 ,,bee ,,j\rnals1 ,,etc4 ,i ,,h le>n$ f bitt] exp]i5ce1 z has ne>ly e "o1 :o has kept bees = any l5g? ( "t1 ! di%one/y1 & utt] disreg>d = tru?1 ( a class ( speculators :o prey ^u ! unsuspect+ bee-keep]4 ,pat5t hives--! great majority ( !m--are a curse & a h9drance to successful & pr(itable bee keep+4 ,i h no "t to describe ! multitude ( wor?less pat5t hives1 & ! _m tricks & sw9dles ( ! v5d]s ( ! same1 b ,i advise e bee keep] to consult 8 own int]e/s1 & h no?+ to d ) !m4 ,n9ety-n9e out ( e hundr$ are a sw9dle4 ,i h te/$ _! m]its & "k :]e( ,i affirm4 ,! ,m-pat5t hives aga9/ :i* ,i wi% to caution ! bee-keep]1 & p>ticul>ly ! beg9n]1 are ^? (f]$ by ,a4 ,j4 ,root1 publi%] ( ,glean+s 9 ,bee ,culture4 ,root makes ! ,glean+s ! m$ium = adv]tis+ & palm+ (f ^u ! public 8 w>es4 ,don't inve/ 9 8 tra% if y wi% to keep bees ) pr(it4 ,i am sorry to f9d t _m ( ! bee j\rnals & bee-keep]s' associations1 are conduct$ on prejudic$ & selfi% motives1 & 9 ! int]e/ ( "s individual1 or company ( m51 = ! sole purpose ( mak+ money f ! sale ( "s p>ticul> hive or fixture1 )\t reg>d to m]it1 or value to ! practical bee-keep]4 ,all hone/ discussion1 ) a view to br+ out facts & figures to guide ! inexp]i5c$ bee-keep] 9 8 labors1 ,i am sorry to say1 is suppress$4 ,! bee j\rnals %\ld be ! dissem9ators ( useful k among bee-keep]s4 ,i am sorry to f9d ! rev]se true ) _m ( !m4 ,aft] a ?or\gh inve/igation1 ,i feel x my duty to advise bee-keep]s1 & ^? contemplat+ bee-keep+1 n to take all = grant$ t !y read 9 ! bee j\rnals1 = if y d1 y w be v likely to soon f9d y\rself robb$ ( y\r money1 & y\r bees ru9$4 ,v _m :o write = ! bee j\rnals ) high s\nd+ words1 claim+ to be adepts 9 bee culture1 h really no practical k ( ! nature & habits ( bees4 ,we h support$ a ho/ ( speculators 9 our bus9ess1 = a long "t2 ! object ( ?is class has ev] be51 h[ be/ to secure our h>d e>n+s1 & ) no desire or ef=t to aid 9 r5d]+ bee keep+ m pr(itable & desirable4 ,! c\ntry is full ( ?is class1 & !y always comb9e to cru% out real m]it 9 any?+ p]ta9+ to bee culture1 br\ght be=e ! public by individual bee-keep]s1 :o are labor+ to advance ! cause by giv+ _! exp]i5ces1 ga9$ f h>d e-day labor among bees4 ,= _m ye>s ,i h writt5 articles on bee culture1 = ! lead+ agricultural j\rnals & newspap]4 ,i h ?us giv5 mu* ( my exp]i5ce 9 detail1 ) no ?\ght ( fur!r rew>d ?an ! satisfaction ( hav+ contribut$ to aid bee-keep]s 9 rais+ bees ) great] pr(it1 believ+ if all w\ld s contribute ( _! practical exp]i5ce ) bees1 great mutual b5efit might be ga9$1 & rapid progress made 9 successful & pr(itable bee culture4 ,9 consequ5ce ( my c\rse 9 spread+ in=mation ) a view to aid ! cause1 ! class ref]r$ to 9 ?is *apt]1 & _! tools1 are boil+ ov] ) wra? t[>ds me1 ly+ & sl&]+ me ?r\gh ! public press1 & by e o!r means :i* _! deprav$ natures c inv5t4 ,all because ,i h succe$$ by h>d /udy 9 p]fect+ a hive & new sy/em ( bee managem5t1 :i* is fa/ com+ into g5]al use among bee keep]s2 consequ5tly ! sale ( _! wor?less tra% is decreas+ rapidly4 ,b ,i am anxi\s to get ?r\gh ) ?is "p ( my "w1 & rea* ! practical "p1 :]e ,i h ! greate/ confid5ce 9 my ability to give su* in=mation z w r5d] bee keep+ pr(itable & desirable4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,fe$+4 ,,fe$+ bees1 :5 judici\sly manag$1 is ! /epp+ /one to l>ge pr(its f !m4 ,bee-keep]s :o h h]et(ore attempt$ to fe$ bees h met ) poor success4 ,a bee-keep] ( my acqua9tance paid fifty doll>s = a pat5t app>atus = fe$+ bees toge!r 9 ! op5 air4 ,! result 01 soon aft] be+ f$1 !y comm5c$ fight+ among !mselves4 ,! weak] /ocks fir/ fell prey to ! /rong]1 !n ! /rong] 9 turn 7 attack$1 & ! f9al result 01 ne>ly e /ock 0 ru9$1 & ! plan ab&on$ 9 disgu/ aft] ! fir/ season's trial4 ,n[ x is pla9 to e intellig5t p]son1 t 9 ord] to receive ! greate/ possible pr(it f bees1 !y mu/ be f$4 ,!re c be no "q z to ! great b5efit to be d]iv$ f fe$+ bees4 ,! only "q is1 h[1 :5 & :at to fe$4 ,x is z mu* a necessity to fe$ bees1 z to fe$ our dome/ic animals1 c[s1 %eep1 c41 or to apply manure to plants1 or any crop ! f>m] cultivates1 to /imulate gr[? & increase ! product1 & consequ5t pr(it ( ! same4 ,we %\ld look ^u t f>m] z ei!r a fool or a lunatic1 :o %\ld furni% 8 dome/ic animals no food1 except :at !y obta9$ by graz+ 9 ! pa/ures & fields1 ! ye> r\nd4 ,& d y ?9k 8 c[s treat$ ?us1 w\ld yield him a l>ge product ( butt]1 *eese & milk1 & consequ5tly a good pr(it 9 doll>s & c5ts8 ,d y ?9k he w\ld f9d 8 c[s1 manag$ ?us1 s pr(itable z to induce him to keep c[s to any great ext5t8 ,let a f>m] manage ?us--take 8 c[s to ! b>n1 milk !m1 !n turn !m out ! ye> r\nd to graze & provide = !mselves1 tak+ !m up only to milk !m1 furni%+ !m ) no food except :at !y procure by graz+--h[ long1 ?9k y1 w\ld su* a f>m] h c[s to milk8 ,yet ?is is a p>allel case ) ! bee-keep] :o furni%es 8 bees ) no fe$ except :at !y c procure by _! own indu/ry4 ,& is x surpris+ t bees treat$ ?us pay no pr(it8 ,aga91 ! f>m] :o %\ld ye> aft] ye> plant 8 corn1 potatoes1 etc41 apply no manure1 furni% no cultivation1 yet expect to succe$ 9 f>m+1 h>ve/ l>ge crops1 & get a good ye>ly pr(it 9 doll>s & c5ts1 & grumble because he did n1 & at la/ ab&on ! bus9ess1 ass]t+ t !re 0 no pr(it 9 f>m+1 furni%es ano!r p>allel case to ! bee-keep] :o lets 8 bees %ift = !mselves1 & !n grumbles because !y pay no pr(it1 & at la/ ab&ons ! bus9ess1 ass]t+ t !re is no money 9 bee-keep+4 ,x be+ self evid5t t x is pr(itable to fe$ bees1 x n[ rema9s to %[ h[ to d x ) ! greate/ possible pr(it4 ,receipt = ,fe$4 ,to eight p\nds ( c(fee cru%$ sug>1 add two qu>ts ( s(t wat]1 & :ites ( two eggs2 br+ to ! boil+ po9t ov] a sl[ fire1 be+ v c>eful n to burn x4 ,skim (f c>efully all skum or s$im5t t rises1 s t ! fe$1 :5 cool1 w be p]fectly cle> & ab\t ! consi/5cy ( new honey4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fe$]4 ,to con/ruct ! fe$]1#c get a t9-work] to make y a t9 di%1 ) p]p5dicul> sides1 n9e in*es squ>e inside1 ?ree in*es deep1 )\t a bottom4 ,ar\nd ! l[] edge turn ! t9 out ab\t "o half in* all r\nd1 = ! di% to re/ on :5 plac$ on ! hive = fe$+ ! bees4 ,ar\nd ! top ( ?is di% put a /\t wire to keep x 9 %ape ,get ano!r t9 di% made #h by #h in*es squ>e inside1 two & "o-half in*es deep1 ) a bottom4 ,place ! small] di% inside ! l>g] "o1 ! bottom ( ! inn] di% ev5 & level ) ! l[] edge ( ! out] di%1 :i* br+s ! top ( ! "u di% "o-half in* l[] ?an ! upp] edge ( ! out] di%2 !n :5 ! out] di% is cov]$1 7z x w be 9 fe$+17 !re w be a halt in* space betwe5 ! cov] ov] ! out] di%1 & ! top ( ! inn] di%4 ,footnote #c3 ,) ! aid ( ! engrav+1 !re c be no mi/ake 9 con/ruct+ ! fe$]1 p>ticul>ly z its position on ! hive is %[n "u head ( ,con/ruction ( ,controllable ,hive1 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,place "o ( ! %ort] sides ( ! inn] di% aga9/ ! inside ( ! out] di%1 9 su* a position t !re w be a half in* space all r\nd betwe5 ! out] & inn] di%1 except at ! side :]e y fa/5 !m toge!r2 across ?is "o side jo9 !m firmly toge!r ) sold]2 at ! bottom ne> ! opposite end sold] brass or t9 ab\t "o in* wide1 across ! half-in* space f ! bottom ( ! inn] di% to ! edge ( ! out] di%1 to hold ! di%es firmly 9 place4 ,ne> ! upp] edge ( ! out] di% sold] an "s /rips ( lead ab\t "o in* long1 by "o-half in* wide1 to turn d[n ov] ! corn] :5 put on1 to hold x 9 place4 ,n[ get out two pieces ( half-in* bo>d1 eight in*es long1 & two & "o-half in*es wide2 ) a ?ick saw1 cut *annels crosswise ( ! pieces1 ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ap>t & "o-f\r? in* deep1 ! :ole l5g? ( ! pieces1 be+ c>eful to run y\r saw squ>e across ! piece e "t4 ,next get out pieces to correspond ) ! numb] ( *annels1 eight in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 "o-eigh? in* ?ick1 7saw$ out s ! sides w be r\gh1 to enable ! bees ! bett] to hold fa/ to !m1 :5 tak+ fe$74 ,^! pieces are to /& edgewise 9 ! inn] di%4 ,) a %>p knife br+ ! ends ( ! pieces to a ?9 edge1 s !y w easily slip into ! *annels 9 ! half in* pieces4 ,put ! pieces ) ! *annels1 "o across ea* end ( ! inn] di%1 ! *annels ( ea* fac+ ! inside ( ! di%1 !n slip ! ends ( y\r pieces t are "o-eigh? ?ick d[n ?r\gh ! *annels1 to ! bottom ( ! inn] di%4 ,be=e y put !m d[n into ! di%1 cut out a small not*1 9 :at w be ! l[] end ( ea* piece aft] x is put d[n into ! di%1 s ! food :5 p\r$ 9 w fl[ to all p>ts ( ! fe$]4 ,! pieces or slats :5 all put edgewise 9 ! di% w rea* to ! bottom & be on a level ) ! edges ( ! inn] di%4 ,n[ = ! cov]3 get out a piece ( bo>d a half-in* ?ick1 n9e & "o-f\r? in*es long1 f\r in*es wide4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ?is piece1 ) a %>p bit1 make a "o-in* hole2 cov] ! hole ) f9e wire clo?1 b5t a little convex4 ,put ?is piece ( bo>d ov] ! out] di%1 ) wire clo? next to ! inside ( ! di%1 7put x across t end :]e ! di%es are sold]$ toge!r17 hold x 9 place by turn+ up ov] x ! pieces ( lead sold]$ on ne> ! upp] edge ( ! out] di%4 ,cov] ! bottom ( ! di% ) glass1 held 9 place 9 ! same mann]1 by ! leads4 ,y\r ,fe$] is n[ f9i%$4 ,set x ov] ! brood section on ! top1 at ! re>1 ! wood cov] next to ! back ( ! hive1 ! glass t[>d ! front4 ,cov] t portion ( ! brood section ( ! hive1 n cov]$ ) ! fe$]1 ) a honey bo>d1 s no bees c get up into ! cap ( ! hive4 ,n[ to fe$1 p\r ! fe$ 9 at ! in* hole1 9 ! cov]4 ,! bees pass f ! hive up betwe5 ! sides ( ! out] & inn] di%es1 9 ! half-in* space1 ov] ! sides ( ! inn] di%1 9 ! half-in* space betwe5 ! cov] ( ! out] di% & ! edges ( ! slats t are plac$ edgewise 9 ! inn] di%1 & pass d[n betwe5 ! slats1 aft] fe$ 9 ! inn] di%4 ,! hole 9 ! cov] %\ld be kept clos$ ) a cork1 to conf9e ! heat to ! hive1 exclude insects1 etc4 ,:5 fir/ comm5c+ to fe$ a /ock1 scatt] "s ( ! fe$ ov] ! tops ( ! frames 9 ! brood section2 also on ! sides ( ! di%es on ea* side ( ! half-in* space lead+ lo ! fe$1 & on top ( ! slats ( ! fe$]1 s ! bees may f9d ! way to ! fe$4 ,aft] !y once le>n ! road1 !y w ne$ no coax+ to induce !m to take ! fe$ giv5 !m4 ,! fir/ w>m days 9 e>ly spr+1 z soon z ! bees c fly a few h\rs 9 ! middle ( ! day1 mix corn meal ) rye meal1 equal p>ts1 & set out1 9 pans or o!r %oal di%es1 ne> ! hives4 ,! bees w c>ry ?is to _! hives 9 consid]able quantities4 ,x x us$ z a sub/itute = poll5 or bee bread1 & is v ess5tial 9 =w>d+ ! increase ( bees 9 e>ly spr+4 ,! meal %\ld be f$ v e>ly 9 spr+1 = z soon z ! bees c collect poll5 f ! natural s\rces--trees1 %rubs1 fl[]s1 etc41 !y w n take ?is meal4 ,fe$+ = ,e>ly ,sw>ms4 ,if y wi% e>ly sw>ms1 keep ! bees conf9$ 9 _! labors to ! brood section ( ! hive1 or 9 o!r words1 d n give !m access to ! boxes1 & comm5ce z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z ! bees beg9 to fly 9 ! middle ( ! day1 & fe$ ea* /ock at ev5+ ab\t "o-half p\nd ( ! liquid fe$4 ,cont9ue ?is till y\r sw>ms issue1 !n discont9ue fe$+4 ,fe$+ = ,surplus ,honey4 ,if y wi% surplus honey in/ead ( sw>ms1 put on y\r side boxes z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z ! bees comm5ce brisk "w on fl[]s1--z a g5]al rule1 say a few days be=e fruit blossoms appe>4 ,fe$ z direct$ = sw>ms until ab\t t5 days be=e :ite clov] blossoms1 !n put on ! top boxes1 leav+ room only = fe$]4 ,!n = t5 or twelve days fe$ !m all !y w take4 ,fe$ at ev5+4 ,!y w at fir/1 p]haps1 take f five to t5 p\nds e night4 ,cr[d !m h>d1 = ! object is n[ to get e "p ( ! brood section 7n occupi$ by eggs & brood7 fill$ ) honey2 & if possible1 cr[d ! bees into ! boxes to comm5ce ! "w ( comb build+1 s t dur+ ! yield ( honey f fl[]s1 y c get e ounce collect$1 /or$ 9 ! boxes4 ,by e>ly & judici\s fe$+1 we h enc\rag$ bre$+ s t n[ our hives are fill$1 almo/ to ov]fl[+1 ) bees1 ready to ga!r ! h>ve/ f ! fl[]s z soon z !y comm5ce to yield honey4 ,discont9ue fe$+1 :ile ! yield ( honey cont9ues 9 full supply f ! fl[]s4 ,at ! close ( ! yield1 if y h boxes half fill$ or m1 fe$ all !y w take up = a few days1 or until y\r boxes are f9i%$4 ,fe$+ = ,w9t]4 ,! la/ ( ,septemb] or fir/ ( ,octob] fe$ su* /ocks z are %ort ( /ores1 to w9t] !m4 ,ea* /ock %\ld h tw5ty p\nds ( honey 9 ! brood section to w9t] safely4 ,if !y h less ?an t1 fe$ until !y h t quantity1 or take a frame ( honey f a /ock t has "s to sp>e1 & ex*ange ) ! "o t is %ort1 & s proce$ until all h suffici5t /ores to w9t] safely4 ,9 no case take out frames at ! close ( ! season1 & leave t space )\t a frame1 or ) an empty frame4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( w9t] e hive mu/ 7to w9t] safely7 h its full numb] ( frames fill$ ) comb1 no matt] if !y are n fill$ ) honey 7if ! hive has ! requir$ numb] ( p\nds17 b ea* frame mu/ be fill$1 or ne>ly fill$ ) comb1 or !re is great dang] ( loss f sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,9 fe$+ = box honey1 x (t5 requires m ?an "o p\nd ( fe$ to secure a p\nd 9 boxes1 = ! bees consume "s :ile /or+ x1 & !y (t5 f9d "s place 9 ! hive :i*1 l ! cr[d$ omnibus or /reet c>1 is n s full b t additions may be made4 ,! read] w be> 9 m9d ?is simple fact3 ,bees d n make honey1 !y simply collect x4 ,honey und]goes no *emical *ange 9 ! /oma* ( ! bee4 ,sev]al ye>s s9ce my bees _h access to sev]al molasses hog%eads1 & ! result 01 ,i f\nd pure molasses /or$ 9 my hives1 9 ! same comb ) nice :ite honey4 ,i am satisfi$ t ! bee does n make honey1 b collects x4 ,my fe$ is prep>$ & recomm5d$ 9 view ( ?is fact1 & 9 p]fect accord ) all po9ts be>+ ^u ?is subject4 ,! fe$ is ( ! same color z ! nice/1 :ite clov] honey1 & :5 put 9 boxes by ! bees ) ! honey collect$ f fl[]s1 7,i h no d\bt 9 _m in/ances 9 alt]nate lay]s 9 ! same cell ) honey f fl[]s17 x _c be di/+ui%$1 ei!r 9 color or ta/e1 f honey collect$ :olly f fl[]s4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,boxes ,,= ,,surplus ,,honey4 ,,9 ! la/ *apt] directions 7 giv51 :5 to put on boxes1 b x is important to "k m ab\t ?is matt]1 ! k9d ( boxes to use1 h[ made1 etc4 ,i %all recomm5d a glass-box2 t is1 glass sides ) wood corn]-po/s1 top1 & bottom1#d su* z ,i use ) ! ,controllable ,hive4 ,! size & description ( box is z foll[s1 viz3 get out a piece ( bo>d six & ?ree-sixte5?s in*es long1 by f\r & ?ree-sixte5?s in*es wide2 ?ree-sixte5?s in* ?ick = ! top ( box2 ano!r1 same size1 = bottom4 ,= ! top boxes1 t is1 ! boxes t are to be plac$ ov] ! brood section1 ) a %>p bit make f\r "o-in* holes 9 "o ( ! pieces1 = ! passage ( ! bees f ! hive to ! top boxes2 next get out f\r pieces1 five in*es long1 five-eigh?s squ>e1 = corn]-po/s to ! boxes4 ,rebate two sides ( ea* po/ ab\t "o-f\r? in* squ>e1 to receive ! glass sides & ends1 :i* are held 9 place by small t9 po9ts4 ,get glass = ! boxes #e #e in*es squ>e = ! sides1 & #c #e in*es squ>e = ! ends4 ,nail ! bottom & top to ! ends ( ! po/s1 hav+ ! corn] ( ! po/ come out ev5 ) ! corn]s ( top & bottom4 ,a small 7half-in*7 f9i%+ brad w hold ! po/s 9 place4 ,:ile nail+1 hold ! box p]fectly squ>e4 ,footnote #d3 ,^! boxes are %[n 9 engrav+s "u head ( ,con/ruction ( ,controllable ,hive1 ,*apt] ,,xviii1 :i*1 ) ! description "h giv51 _c fail to be und]/ood4 ,= ! side boxes1 omit ! holes 9 bottom1 & leave out ! glass f "o end1 & 9 place ( ! glass put 9 a piece ( wood five in*es long1 two in*es wide1 ?ree-eigh?s in* ?ick2 place ?is piece 9 ! c5t] at ! end1 leav+ an op5 space next to ea* corn] po/ at t end = ! passage ( ! bees f ! hive to ! boxes4 ,^! boxes are j wide en\gh = two combs runn+ ! longe/ way ( ! box4 ,be=e putt+ 9 ! glass1 if y h any pieces ( :ite1 clean comb1 x w be a great advantage to /ick two small pieces ( ?is comb 9 ea* box1 :]e y wi% ! comb built4 ,place ! pieces 9 ! top ( ! box two in*es ap>t4 ,melt ! edge ( ! comb & apply 9 place :]e y want x1 :ile hot2 hold x 9 place till x cools1 & x w rema94 ,! bees w comm5ce "w mu* soon] 9 boxes ) ! comb ?an !y w\ld )\t1 ev5 if ! pieces ( comb are n m ?an an in* squ>e4 ,^! boxes1 :5 well fill$ ) honey1 w ea* weigh ab\t f\r & "o-half p\nds4 ,honey 9 ! boxes is v attractive1 & is s\ght = 9 ! m>ket by cu/om]s :o h pur*as$ 9 ?is =m4 ,honey put up 9 ^! nice glass boxes %[s its sup]ior quality at a glance1 & cu/om]s pref] to pur*ase 9 su* boxes1 ) no t>e d$uct$ = weight ( box1 to pur*as+ 9 ! ord9>y wood box ) ! weight ( ! box d$uct$4 ,9 tak+ ^! boxes f ! hive1 :5 fill$ ) honey1 9 w>m wea!r1 ,i recomm5d ! foll[+ me?od3 ,take ! boxes (f e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & c>ry !m to "s out-build+1 & put !m 9 a clean1 tight box or b>rel2 place ! boxes 9 su* a mann] t ! op5+s 9 ! boxes w be free = ! passage ( ! bees f !m4 ,spread ov] ! box or b>rel1 a ?9 piece ( clo?4 ,! bees w leave ! boxes1 & collect on ! "u side ( ! clo?1 :i* mu/ be turn$ e few m9utes1 until all are out1 except a few drones & v "y ,lees2 ^! c be tak5 out ) a p5cil4 ,to facilitate ! removal ( ! bees f ! boxes1 if any are ob/9ate ab\t leav+1 remove ! glass 9 ! sides ( ! boxes1 if ! cov] is n fa/5$ to x4 ,! great] "p ( ! bees f ^! boxes w return to _! hives2 except+ a v few "y ones :i* _h nev] be=e be5 away f ! hive2 ^! w be lo/4 ,?irty boxes l ! ones "h recomm5d$ fit ea* controllable hive--t5 on ea* side1 & t5 on top ov] ! brood section4#e ,footnote #e3 ,:5 ! box frames or p>titions are tak5 out 9 ! honey season1 ! bees w (t51 if ! /ock is /rong1 spread out ov] ! bottom1 s t 9 putt+ ! frame 91 a l>ge numb] w get cru%$4 ,to prev5t ?is1 get out two pieces ( wood1 ea* ab\t "o & "o-half in*es wide1 & "o-f\r? in* ?ick1 "o eighte5 in*es long1 ! o!r tw5ty-two in*es long2 "o edge ( ! long piece bevel to a ?9 edge1 ab\t ! %ape ( a c>p5t]'s *isel4 ,nail ! long piece 9 ! c5t] to ! end ( ! %ort piece at "r angles ) x1 ) ! bevel$ edge d[n1 s ! bevel$ edge w be level ) ! end ( ! %ort piece2 also bevel ! l[] end ( ! %ort piece4 ,:5 ! bees are spread ov] ! bottom ( ! box section1 ) ?is in/rum5t pu% !m g5tly back to ! brood section4 ,to d ?is1 ?ru/ ! in/rum5t d[n into ! box section ) ! bevel$ edge d[n2 tak+ hold ( ! end ( ! %ort piece1 or h&le1 "w ! bees g5tly back to ! brood section1 & :5 close up to ! combs ( ! hive1 let x rema9 to keep ! bees f spread+ ov] ! bottom till y get ! box frame d[n 9 its place1 !n remove x1 & pu% ! box frame up close to ! brood section1 s ! ends ( ! boxes w be z ne> ! brood combs1 z ! inside bo>d ( ! p>tition 0 :5 ! combs 7 built4 ,if ?is is n done1 & a l>ge space is left1 ! bees w ei!r l5g!n ! cells 9 ! out] comb ( ! brood section1 or build a new comb1 betwe5 ! ends ( ! boxes1 & ! out] comb ( ! brood section4 ,9 ei!r case1 we w\ld f9d x v tr\blesome :5 we remove ! boxes1 & wi% to put 9 ! p>tition = w9t]+4 ,be sure to put ! l>ge box frame up close to ! combs ( ! brood section1 t is1 leave b>ely space en\gh = ! bees to pass betwe5 ! ends ( ! boxes1 & ! out] comb ( ! brood section4 ,:5 boxes are to be tak5 (f1 use tobacco smoke freely1 to quiet ! ang] ( ! bees4 ,puff smoke 9 at ! entrance ( ! hive1 be=e y t\* x1 !n />t ! top boxes f _! fa/5+1 giv+ ! bees a puff or two ( smoke at e crevice ab\t ! boxes at ! top & sides4 ,cake ( ,honey 9 ,boxes 9 ,w>m ,wea!r4 ,consid]able c>e is necess>y = ! pres]vation ( honey 9 boxes remov$ f ! hives 9 w>m wea!r4 ,z soon z ! bees are all out ( ! boxes1 seal up all op5+s to ! boxes1 & set !m away 79 ! same position !y occupi$ 9 ! hive1 s ! honey w n leak f ! cells7 9 a dry1 d>k1 cool room4 ,we mu/ n[ gu>d aga9/ ! mo?4 ,z 9 w>m wea!r ! in/9cts ( ! fly is direct$ to ! dead c>case1 s is ! mo? direct$ to honey-comb left )\t bees 9 ! summ] season1 & by a simil> process is ea* de/roy$4 ,:5 ! bees h be5 (f ab\t t5 days1 or p]haps a little less if ! wea!r is v w>m1 exam9e closely = ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! mo? worms on ! surface ( ! combs 9 ! boxes4 ,_! pres5ce may be kn[n by small1 ?read-l webs or cocoons on ! surface ( ! comb1 gr[+ l>g] z ! mo? worm enl>ges 9 gr[?4 ,if no rem$y is appli$1 ^! worms w completely de/roy ! beauty ( ! honey 9 ! boxes 9 a v few days4 ,wat* ! boxes closely1 & on ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! lea/ sign ( worms 9 ! boxes1 fumigate ) burn+ sulphur1 ?us3 op5 ! passages 9 ! boxes2 h ready a tight1 clean box2 saturate "s v dry p9e %av+s ) melt$ sulphur4 ,aft] plac+ y\r boxes ( honey 9 ! box1 set a sauc] or plate 9 ! box at ! bottom1 away f ! honey boxes1 s !y w n take fire4 ,d n use too _m %av+s2 if y d1 x w injure ! honey comb 9 ! boxes1 by giv+ x a gre5 color1 & imp>t+ to x a disagreeable ta/e2 a half-doz5 %av+s ea* f\r in*es long is en\gh4 ,place !m 9 ! di% & ignite !m1 & cov] closely1 s no fumes c escape2 let !m rema9 = a few m9utes1 7n m ?an five1 less is (t5 suffici5t2 x dep5ds some?+ on ! am\nt ( sulphur adh]+ to ! %av+s1 z well z ! size ( box1 numb] ( boxes to be fumigat$1 etc47 ,) a little practice y w manage correctly & successfully4 ,z soon z ! boxes are fumigat$1 seal up e op5+ c>efully1 & set away z be=e direct$1 9 a dry1 d>k1 cool room4 ,wat* ! boxes = a few days1 to be sure ! worms are all kill$4 ,if y f9d !y are n1 give !m ano!r dose ( ! sulphur4 ,aft] ! worms are all kill$1 & e op5+ to ! box seal$ up1 wrap ea* box sep>ately 9 pap]1 & !y w be safe ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,h[ ! eggs ( ! mo? get into ! boxes1 has always puzzl$ bee-keep]s4 ,x is h>dly possible = ! mo? mill] to pass ?r\gh a hive cr[d$ ) bees1 to deposit h] eggs 9 ! cr[d$ boxes4 ,h[ !y get !re mu/ be guess-"w--t !y are !re1 is well kn[n to _m bee keep]s4 ,i feel v confid5t t ! eggs are deposit$ !re aft] ! boxes are tak5 f ! hive1 & :ile we are gett+ ! bees out ( ! boxes4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,sw>m+ ,,& ,,hiv+4 ,,"u ! old sy/ems ( bee keep+1 sw>m+ 0 v imp]fectly und]/ood4 ,& ev5 at ! pres5t "t x is amus+ to see h[ _m old bee-keep]s manage _! bees4 ,?is is a class ( old fogies1 :o d5\nce all improvem5ts & progress 9 bee keep+1 & :o1 ye> aft] ye>1 move 9 ! same tracks 9 ! managem5t ( _! bees1 ass]t+ t !y "k all ab\t bees t is wor? kn[+4 ,x is1 to say ! lea/1 amus+1 to see h[ ?is class ( bee-keep]s manage :5 _! bees sw>m4 ,9 ! middle ( "s v w>m day 9 ,june or ,july1 ! al>m bees sw>m+1 is s\nd$4 ,imm$iately ! :ole h\sehold is turn$ out1 "s beat+ t9 pans1 "s s\nd+ horns1 "s %ak+ c[ bells--any?+ & ev]y?+ ) :i* to make a t]rible d9 is caught up 9 ! excitem5t1 & e memb] ( ! h\sehold works ) ! sole aim ( mak+ z mu* noise z possible4 ,?is is done to make ! bees clu/]6 ,if ?is is n done1 !y w leave = ! woods6 ,i %\ld ?9k ! poor bees w\ld leave any way1 to get rid ( ! noise & ! fooli% :ims ( _! own]4 ,b no1 !y dislike to leave ! place ( _! nativity1 s 9 t5 m9utes or less f ! "t !y leave ! hive1 !y settle 9 a clu/] on "s object1 g5]ally )9 a half-doz5 rods ( ! hive4 ,& !y w\ld h done s 9 ?is case if no noise _h be5 made4 ,! noise did n affect !m 9 ! lea/4 ,n[ ! bees are to be hiv$1 & we w see h[ x is done 9 ! old way4 ,! bees 9 ?is case h clu/]$ on a limb ( a valuable pe> tree4 ,v sorry !y h pit*$ !re1 says ! man ( p]fect k 9 bee keep+2 ,i dislike to injure t tree1 b !re is no help = x4 ,b fir/ a hive mu/ be prep>$4 ,x is n q ready4 7,?is is bad managem5t47 ,x mu/ be wa%$ out ?or\ghly on ! inside ) salt & wat]1 & rubb$ ov] ) "s sweet sc5t$ h]bs4 ,a bottom bo>d mu/ be got ready etc41 etc4 ,at la/ ! hive is ready4 ,n[ ?is wise bee keep] places a table ne> :]e ! sw>m clu/]$1 sets 8 hive on ! table1 raises "o edge f\r or six in*es1 takes 8 saw--,oh1 x is a pity to cut t nice limb full ( fruit f ! pe> tree2 b x mu/ be done1 ?9ks ?is man ( p]fection 9 bee managem5t4 ,he grasps ! limb firmly ne> ! clu/] ( bees4 ,!y are v cross1 & uneasy4 ,!y h be5 clu/]$ an h\r or m1 :ile he has be5 gett+ 8 hive ready4 ,he saws (f ! limbs on :i* ! bees are hang+1 & places x c>efully1 ) ! bees adh]+1 on ! table1 by ! side ( ! hive1 cov]s all v nicely ) a clean %eet1 & leaves !m alone to ent] ! hive4 ,at ab\t sunset he w place ! hive ) ! bees 9 x on ! /& x is to occupy4 ,at ! "t designat$ 7ab\t sunset7 he goes out to 8 hive on ! table4 ,x has be5 a v hot aft]noon1 & ! hive 0 :]e x receiv$ ! full =ce ( ! sun's rays4 ,he c>efully raises ! %eet4 ,!re is ! limb on :i* ! bees clu/]$1 b :]e are ! bees1 !y are n on ! limb8 ,:y1 9 ! hive1 ( c\rse4 ,t is :]e he expect$ to f9d !m4 ,he peeps c>efully "u ! hive to see h[ !y are gett+ along1 b a/oni%m5t is depict$ on 8 c\nt5ance :5 he discov]s t 8 hive is empty4 ,8 bees h left = o!r p>ts beyond 8 k4 ,he tries to ?9k ( "s reason :y ! bees h gone1 & seeks to lay ! blame ^u ! hive4 ,oh6 he says ,i guess !y did n l ! hive1 b ,i guess ,i %all h bett] luck next "t4 ,to a progressive bee keep]1 "o :o has correct & practical k ( ! natural habits ( bees1 x is v pla9 :y !y left4 ,!y 7 actually driv5 away by mismanagem5t4 ,! heat ( ! sun p\r+ d[n ^u !m1 0 en\gh ( itself to drive !m (f4 ,!n plac+ ! limb1 ) ! clu/] adh]+ to x1 on ! table ne> ! hive1 %[$ lack ( k ( ! natural habits ( bees4 ,! hive might z well h be5 9 ! h\se1 z plac$ :]e x 04 ,!n ! h\r or m tak5 to get ! hive ready1 gave ! bees "t to s5d out _! sc\ts1 to look up a location ( _! own1 & :5 ^! sc\ts return$1 !y left ) !m = a new home4 ,t cont5d e sw>m does ?is1 viz3 ,!y sw>m out ( ! old p>5t /ock1 l$ by ! old que54 ,!y clu/] on "s object1 z a tree1 bru% or v9e1 ne> ! old home4 ,!n !y imm$iately s5d out a few bees or sc\ts to look up a new home4 ,^! sc\ts may be gone a long] or %ort] "t4 ,:5 !y return1 if !y f9d ! bees clu/]$ :]e !y 7 :5 !y left1 !y soon lead !m (f to ! new qu>t]s1 b if be=e ! sc\ts are s5t out1 or be=e !y return1 ! sw>m is hiv$ & plac$ on ! /& x is to occupy1 !n ! sw>m w n leave1 = ! sc\ts "k n :]e to f9d !m1 or if !y %\ld f9d !m1 ! bees w\ld seldom leave a good clean hive1 = a home 9 ! woods4 ,^! sc\ts may (t5 be se5 play+ ab\t ! place :]e a sw>m has clu/]$1 = sev]al days aft] ! sw>m has be5 hiv$4 ,_h ?is bee keep] plac$ 8 hire on ! table1 z soon z ! bees 7 clu/]$1 & rais$ ! front edge "o in*1 in/ead ( f\r or six in*es1 & !n1 in/ead ( cutt+ (f ! limbs1 if he _h tak5 a basket or pan1 plac$ x b5ea? ! clu/] ( bees1 & by a sudd5 j> ( ! limb dislodg$ !m f x into ! basket or pan1 !n empti$ !m d[n 9 front ( ! hive1 & spr9kl$ lightly ) a little wat]1 at ! same "t di/urb+ !m g5tly ) a quill or light bru% s !y w\ld n collect ar\nd & block up ! entrance1 except a v few t may be fly+ 9 ! air 7& ^! w return to ! old hive17 9 ?is way gett+ !m all into ! hive1 & imm$iately c>ry+ x to ! /& x 0 to occupy1 cov]+ x ) a bo>d to %ade x f ! hot rays ( ! sun1 or plac+ x 9 ! %ade ( a tree1 he w\ld h sav$ 8 bees1 ! damage to 8 pe> tree1 & mu* p]plexity4 ,by ! old me?ods ( manag+ bees1 !re 7 no means ( kn[+ :5 to expect sw>ms2 consequ5tly ! bees 7 sometimes wat*$ all summ]1 9 expectation ( sw>ms any pleasant day1 z outside indications 7 fa vol able = !m2 yet !y w\ld (t5 adh]e to ! old hive ?r\gh\t ! entire summ]4 ,) ! controllable hive & new sy/em ( bee managem5t1 z %[n 9 ?is "w1 sw>m+ is br\ght completely "u ! control ( ! bee keep]4 ,x is well = him to und]/& correctly :at are ! requisites & prep>ations = natural sw>m+ by ! bees1 :5 left to !mselves 9 a natural /ate4 ,!y are z foll[s3 ,! bees mu/ be obta9+ honey freely1 ei!r f fl[]s1 or f fe$ suppli$ !m4 ,! combs mu/ be fill$ ) brood 9 all /ages ( gr[?1 f ! egg j deposit$ 9 ! cell1 to ! p]fect bee j em]g+4 7,& f ?is1 bee keep]s w note :at conditions are requir$ at ! "t sw>ms are =c$1 z recomm5d$ 9 my plan47 ,:5 ?is condition ( affairs is rea*$1 ! bees con/ruct que5 cells1 7t is1 if !y d]ide to sw>m2 !y w d z !y l ab\t x1 if left entirely to !mselves17 f :i* 9 ab\t sixte5 days ! que5s w hat*1 unless ! bees %\ld *ange _! int5tions1 & decide n to sw>m1 & de/roy all ! que5 cells4 ,rememb]1 !y are hav+ x all _! own way4 ,:5 ^! cells are seal$ ov] & f9i%$ is ! "t 7if ev]y?+ is favorable71 :5 ! fir/ sw>m leaves1 l$ (f by ! old que54 ,"s ( ! mo/ reliable works on bees h taught t ! que5 cells mu/ be half f9i%$ be=e ! que5 w deposit ! egg t is to produce ! que52 b ?is1 ,i f9d by close obs]vation1 is a mi/ake2 = if y take ! que5 away f a /ock1 ) no que5 cells 9 any /age ( =mation 9 ! hive1 ! bees w re> a que5 f a work] egg1 deposit$ 9 an ord9>y work] cell4 ,& :o %all say !y d n d ?is :5 ! que5 is pres5t8 ,i am satisfi$ !y d4 ,?us we see 9 natural sw>m+1 ) ! bees left to !mselves1 ! old que5 leaves ) ! fir/ sw>m1 at ab\t ! "t ! que5 cells are seal$ ov] & f9i%$1 :i* is ab\t eight days be=e ! "y que5s hat*4 ,:5 ! "y que5s hat*1 aft]-sw>ms 7z second & ?ird issues1 or all aft] ! fir/17 w issue4 ,second sw>ms may be expect$ 9 ab\t eight days aft] ! fir/4 ,?is "t w sometimes v>y1 z ! hat*+ ( ! que5 some:at dep5ds on ! wea!r1 ! numb] ( bees left 9 ! old /ock1 etc42 a l[ temp]ature ret>ds ! hat*+1 :ile a high temp]ature =w>ds x4 ,at ev5+ ( ab\t ! eigh? or t5? day aft] ! fir/ sw>m1 by putt+ y\r e> close to ! hive y w he>1 v pla9ly1 e few m9utes1 sev]al cle> & di/9ct peep+ s\nds1 v %>p at times1 !n ho>se & dull4 ,?is s\nd proce$s f ! "y que5 j hat*$4 ,:5 x is he>d1 look out = a sw>m ! next day2 ?\gh x sometimes happ5s t "o or two days w int]v5e be=e !y w issue4 ,b z long z ! s\nd cont9ues1 be on ! look\t = sw>ms4 ,?is peep+ c always be he>d be=e a second sw>m issues1 if we w take ! tr\ble to li/54 ,! "t betwe5 second & ?ird sw>ms is inv>iably f "o to f\r days4 ,x is useless to look = aft]-sw>ms f a /ock aft] tw5ty days f ! fir/4 ,!y are g5]ally all out )9 sixte5 days f ! issue ( ! fir/ sw>m4 ,i h giv5 9 ano!r place1 "u ! head ( ,sw>m+ ,controll$1 in/ructions h[ to manage sw>m+ "u my new sy/em4 ,"s additional in=mation ,i w give 9 ?is connection4 ,j be=e sw>ms are expect$1 if !re are no trees ne> y\r hives1 or if !re are l>ge trees f :i* x w\ld be difficult to take a sw>m ( bees 7 !y to clu/] on ! bran*es1 procure sev]al ev]gre5 trees1 su* z spruce or fir1 ?ree or f\r feet high4 ,leave ! limbs on1 except+ ab\t a foot at ! bottom4 ,%>p5 ! trunks1 s !y c be set 9 ! gr\nd & lift$ out ) ease4 ,) a b> make l>ge holes1 ab\t a foot deep1 9 front ( y\r hives1 "s di/ant ab\t six feet1 o!rs f twelve to ?irty feet4 ,set a half-doz5 or m ( ^! trees 9 ^! holes1 putt+ 9 by ! side ( !m a small /one or piece ( wood1 to hold firmly 9 place & prev5t sway+ by ! w9d4 ,:5 y\r sw>ms issue1 !y w be v likely to clu/] on "s ( ^! trees1 :5 !y c be conv5i5tly ga!r$ 9 ! ,controllable ,hive4 ,9 hiv+1 if ! bees h clu/]$ on "s "o ( ! trees set = !m1 place ! ,controllable ,hive on ! /& x is to occupy1 all[+ ! /& to project two feet 9 front ( ! hive4 ,draw back ! bottom bo>d "u ! brood section t5 or fifte5 in*es1 to give ! bees a good *ance to ent] ! hive4 ,%ade ! hive well4 ,n[ g to ! tree on :i* y\r sw>m is clu/]$4 ,remove ! /one or piece ( wood t holds x 9 place2 lift ! tree1 c>efully avoid+ any j>1 c>ry x to ! hive1 & hold ! clu/] d[n to ! /& & close up to ! hive1 z ne> ! entrance z possible4 ,!n give ! tree a sudd5 j>1 suffici5t to dislodge ! clu/] ( bees4 ,!y w fall directly at ! entrance ( ! hive1 & imm$iately comm5ce to ent]4 ,spr9kle lightly ) wat]1 & g5tly di/urb ^? t /op ab\t ! entrance1 ) a quill or bru%1 till all are made to ent] ! hive4 ,!n slide ! bottom bo>d =w>d to its place & ! "w is done4 ,%\ld ! bees clu/] on "s l>ge tree or o!r out ( ! way place1 ! mann] ( hiv+ mu/ be v>i$4 ,set y\r hive ne> by ) a wide bo>d 9 front to keep ! bees out ( ! grass & dirt4 ,arrange ! hive z be=e direct$4 ,if ! bees are clu/]$ on a small limb1 high above y\r rea*1 secure a basket to a pole1 & raise x directly b5ea? ! clu/]4 ,dislodge ! bees f _! position1 :5 !y w fall directly into ! basket1 :i* y %\ld take d[n quickly & %ake ! bees f x d[n to ! entrance to ! hive1 & proce$ z be=e4 ,keep ! limb on :i* !y 7 clu/]$ 9 motion = a few m9utes1 to prev5t _! return4 ,%\ld !y clu/] on ! body ( a tree1 or a l>ge limb1 :]e !y _c be %ak5 (f1 set y\r hive ne> by1 z be=e direct$1 & ) a h&l$ dipp] dip !m (f & turn !m d[n 9 front ( ! hive ne> ! entrance4 ,dip v c>efully1 s z n to cru% any ( ! bees4 ,!y w n attempt to /+ if y treat !m well1 & prove to !m t y are _! fri5d4 ,aft] y h dipp$ (f a portion ( ! bees1 & got !m mov+ into ! hive1 if ! que5 is ) !m1 !y w all leave ! clu/] & jo9 _! companions :o are ent]+ _! new home4 ,b if ! que5 rema9s ) ! clu/]1 z soon z ^? ent]+ ! hive discov] t %e is n ) !m1 !y w leave ! hive & rejo9 ! clu/]4 ,s x is well to keep dipp+ z long z y c get any ( ! bees1 or till y are c]ta9 ! bees are leav+ ! clu/] & ent]+ ! hive ( _! own accord4 ,x sometimes happ5s 9 natural sw>m+1 t :5 a sw>m issues1 l$ by ! old que51 :i* has occupi$ ! hive = a ye> or m1 t %e f9ds h]self unable to fly1 & drops d[n 9 front ( ! hive4 ,9 ?is case1 if left to !mselves1 ! bees1 aft] fly+ ab\t = p]haps five or t5 m9utes1 w return to ! hive f :5ce !y came1 & rema9 until ! "y que5s hat*1 issu+ aga91 ab\t ! "t a second sw>m w\ld h come out1 or p]haps a little e>li]4 ,if y are on h& y c prev5t ! sw>m return+1 b y mu/ be lively4 ,if y f9d ! bees are fly+ long] ?an usual )\t clu/]+1 & appe> scatt]$ & disorganiz$ 9 _! movem5ts1 look 9 front ( ! hive f :i* !y issu$1 = ! que54 ,y w probably f9d h] )9 two or ?ree feet ( ! hive4 ,put h] 9 a tumbl]1 & cov] closely1 to prev5t h] escape4 ,z soon z y f9d ! bees h comm5c$ to return to ! old hive1 set x back out ( ! way1 & ?r[ a %eet or "s o!r cov]+ ov] x4#f ,!n set y\r ,controllable ,hive 9 its place1 ) ! bottom bo>d drawn back z direct$ 9 hiv+ a new sw>m4 ,set ! tumbl] conta9+ ! que5 ov] ! brood section1 s ! conf9$ que5 c pass d[n into ! hive1 b leav+ no *ance = h] to escape by any o!r way4 ,! bees w !n ent] ! hive readily4 ,& z soon z all are 91 :i* w be 9 a few m9utes1 remove ! hive to a new /& & %ade z direct$ be=e4 ,set ! old /ock back 9 its =m] place4 ,footnote #f3 ,if o!r hives are ne>1 on ea* side1 x w be well to ?r[ ! cov]+ ov] !m also1 to prev5t ! sw>m ent]+ any o!r ?an ! design$ hive1 z !y might possibly d1 if ! hives 7 only a few feet di/ant4 ,! =ego+ circum/ance (t5 happ5s :5 bees are manag$ on ! old sw>m+ plan1 & que5s t are unable to fly are usually v old4 ,on my plan ( managem5t su* cases are ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,natural sw>ms usually issue betwe5 n9e o'clock 9 ! =5oon1 & "o o'clock 9 ! aft]noon4 ,occasionally "o w issue e>li] 9 ! =5oon or lat] 9 ! aft]noon2 b z a g5]al rule !y make _! appe>ance betwe5 ! h\rs specifi$4 ,v e>ly sw>ms hiv$ 9 ,controllable ,hives %\ld h access to ! boxes on "o side only4 ,9 ab\t t5 days aft] be+ hiv$1 & z soon z ! bees are well at "w 9 ^!1 give !m access to ! o!r side4 ,sw>ms t are hiv$ late 9 ! season1 w n require boxes1 until ! next season1 z x is necess>y to h ! brood section fill$1 or ne>ly fill$1 be=e ! bees h access to ! boxes4 ,x is important t we h ! combs 9 ! brood section built /raight 9 ! frames1 s z to be easily lift$ out sep>ately4 ,to aid 9 secur+ ?is object1 :5 a sw>m is fir/ hiv$ 9 a controllable hive1 raise ! re> ( ! hive f\r in*es1 by putt+ "u x a piece ( joi/1 hav+ ! hive p]fectly level f side to side4 ,?is gives ! frames a pit* =w>d1 & w greatly aid 9 secur+ /raight combs4 ,let ! hive rema9 9 ?is position = a week or t5 days1 !n set x d[n level4 ,if y h x to sp>e1 "o frame fill$ ) comb plac$ 9 ! brood section ne> ! c5t] w insure /raight combs 9 ! balance4 ,if no precaution is tak5 9 ?is direction1 ! bees w sometimes build ! comb crosswise ( ! brood section1 not)/&+ ! triangul> comb guides 9 ! frames ( ea* controllable hive4 ,z /raight combs 9 ! brood section are v important1 we %\ld employ e available means to aid 9 secur+ !m4 ,x is well to keep on h& a few pla9 boxes1 ea* ) f\r movable frames1 l ^? 9 ! controllable hive4 ,if at any "t a sw>m comes out at ! v la/ ( ! honey season1 hive !m 9 "o ( ^! boxes4 ,!y w probably enl>ge or q fill ! f\r frames ) comb1 & p]haps /ore a little honey4 ,!n1 9 ! fall1 put ^! f\r frames1 ) ! bees & comb1 9 a controllable hive1 & add two frames1 well fill$ ) honey1 f a /ock t c sp>e x4 ,9 ?is way y w build up a good /ock = w9t]1 :]eas if y _h hiv$ !m 9 a full siz$ controllable hive s late 9 ! season1 !y w\ld probably h put a little comb 9 ea* ( ! six frames1 b n en\gh to w9t]1 r5d]+ x necess>y = y to fe$ ) ! liquid fe$ 9 ! fall4 ,x is bett] to h f\r frames ne>ly or q fill$ ) comb1 ?an to h six frames ) a v little comb 9 ea*4 ,x sometimes happ5s t a sw>m ( bees1 :i* has work$ well 9 boxes ?r\gh ! entire honey season1 w sw>m out ab\t ! "t ! yield ( honey ceases4 ,if manag$ on ! old plan1 su* sw>ms are wor?less1 b by hiv+ !m 9 a box ) f\r movable frames1 z direct$1 !y make valuable /ocks4 ,all su* sw>ms may be return$ to ! old /ock1 z direct$ 9 ano!r *apt]1 yet we sometimes wi% to increase ! numb] ( our /ocks to ! utmo/1 & x is conv5i5t to "k h[ to make valuable /ock ( ^! late issues4 ,!n !y c ei!r be return$ or hiv$1 :i*ev] ! bee keep] ?9ks is mo/ = 8 or h] int]e/4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,ang] ,,( ,,bees4 ,,! ang] ( bees1 :5 once ?or\ghly ar\s$1 is mu* to be dread$1 z ! results :i* foll[ are (t5 ( a v s]i\s nature4 ,9 my own case1 ,i c h&le bees ) p]fect impunity4 ,!y r>ely make any attempt to /+1 no matt] :at lib]ties ,i take ) !m4 ,i always int5d to be v c>eful1 & h&le !m g5tly1 mak+ !m und]/& t ,i d n mean to h>m !m4 ,9 my fir/ ef=ts 9 h&l+ bees !y 7 v apt to /+ me1 = ! reason t ,i did n und]/& _! nature2 consequ5tly !y mi/ook my int5tions1 & (t5 =c$ me to seek %elt] f _! attacks4 ,n[ ,i seldom use any protection :5 work+ among !m4 ,(t51 9 transf]r+ ! bees & comb f ! old box hive to ! ,controllable ,hive1 ,i roll up my sleeves1 & ) no protection :atev]1 = ! h&s or face1 cut out ! comb f ! old hive1 ) ! bees adh]+ to x1 & arrange & fa/5 x 9 ! new hive1 )\t ! bees mak+ any attempt to /+ me4 ,i w\ld n recomm5d any "o to d ?is1 until !y are s well acqua9t$ )1 & accu/om$ to h&l+1 ! bees1 z to und]/& p]fectly _! e *>act]i/ic1 & be q c]ta9 t !y w n make an attack4 ,x is bett] to protect ! h&s & face f _! attacks1 z y w ?us feel great] confid5ce 9 y\rself1 & c p]=m all op]ations )\t fe> ( /+s4 ,x is well to und]/& :at w ar\se ! ang] ( bees1 & cause !m to /+4 ,if we brea! ^u !m1 :5 !y are 9 or ab\t ! hive or boxes1 !y deem x an insult1 & w da% at & /+ u at once4 ,any sudd5 j> ( ! hive is in/antly res5t$4 ,all quick1 spiteful motions ab\t ! hive1 su* z runn+1 jump+1 etc41 is notic$1 & q sure to be foll[$ by a /+4 ,! f+] po9t$ at !m ) a quick1 spiteful motion :5 !y are /&+ z s5t9els ab\t ! entrance ( ! hive1 (t5 provokes /+s4 ,if !y come buzz+ ar\nd1 ?reat5+ to /+1 p]haps /rik+ y\r hat almo/ l a bullet1 & %\ld y return ! complim5t by /rik+ at !m ) y\r h&1 !y w be q sure to /+ y4 ,! bett] way is1 if unprotect$1 to hold d[n y\r head s z to protect y\r face1 & move away f ! hive z quietly z possible4 ,:5 ! bees f9d y are retreat+1 !y w n foll[ y f>4 ,always rememb] t if "o bee /+s y1 o!rs are v sure to imm$iately foll[1 unless y retreat4 ,i believe t bees h a language by :i* !y make kn[n to ea* o!r _! wants & wi%es2 & ,i feel c]ta9 !y "k ^? :o h ! c>e ( !m1 & become accu/om$ to ! motions & appe>ance ( ^? :o are se5 by !m daily4 ,! memb]s ( my family are seldom /ung by ! bees1 not)/&+ ,i sometimes h fifty hives or m :]e we pass )9 tw5ty feet ( !m _m times a day1 :ile ! bees are fly+ 9 ?\s&s ab\t ea* hive4 ,9 ! middle ( ! day1 9 ! honey season1 ! air = _m rods ab\t ! hives is full ( bees4 ,i f9d my bees are mu* m likely to attack /rang]s :o come to see !m1 ?an memb]s ( ! family4 ,to ,subdue ! ,ang] ( ,bees4 ,i h te/$ e means recomm5d$ = subdu+ ! ang] ( bees1 & h f\nd tobacco smoke ! ?+1 :5 rightly appli$4 ,h a t9-work] make y a t9 tube1 "o in* 9 diamet]1 six in*es long1 & fit /opp]s ( s(t wood closely 9 ea* end1 two & ?ree in*es long respectively1 ) a hole ?r\gh ea*1 "o-f\r? in* 9 diamet]4 ,fit "o end ( ! long] /opp] to hold 9 ! m\?4 ,be=e plac+ ! %ort] piece 9 ! tube1 cov] ! inside end ) wire clo?1 b5t a little convex1 to prev5t ! a%es & tobacco fill+ ! qu>t]-in* orifice4 ,tap] ! out] end ( ! %ort piece ne>ly to a po9t4 ,remove ! m\?-piece1 & fill ! tube ne>ly full ( tobacco 7cig>s are be/1 = !y burn freely47 ,dip ) live emb]s1 replace ! m\?-piece & bl[ ! smoke f ! po9t$ end4 ,) ?is in/rum5t smoke may be =c$ among ! bees 9 any "p ( ! hive or boxes4 ,9 all op]ations likely to ar\se ! ang] ( ! bees1 z tak+ (f & putt+ on boxes1 lift+ out comb frames1 putt+ on & tak+ (f fe$]1 remov+ ! honey bo>d1 exam9+ ! re>+ boxes 9 que5 rais+1 etc41 smoke ! hive well4 ,9-%ort1 use smoke freely :5 ab\t to p]=m any op]ation ^u ! bees4 ,be=e t\*+ ! hive give ! bees two or ?ree sm>t puffs at ea* entrance ( ! hive2 !n comm5ce y\r op]ations imm$iately4 ,if ! honey bo>d is ov] ! brood section1 & y\r op]ations are to be p]=m$ 9 t "p ( ! hive1 raise ! bo>d j en\gh to puff 9 ! smoke1 b n en\gh = ! bees to come out4 ,give !m ! smoke "h freely = ab\t "o m9ute1 be=e y remove ! bo>d4 ,!y w %[ _! submission by a l\d humm+ ?r\gh\t ! hive4 ,:5 !y set up ?is humm+ noise is ! "t to proce$ ) y\r "w4 ,remove ! honey bo>d entirely1 keep+ ! smok] at h& ready = use1 & giv+ !m a puff ( smoke occasionally to keep !m "u submission4 ,x is be/ = ! inexp]i5c$ bee rais] to protect ! h&s & face 9 all op]ations1 at lea/ until he feels p]fect confid5ce 9 8 ability to avoid irritat+ ! bees suffici5tly to cause !m to /+4 ,to protect ! h&s1 we> ?ick wool5 mitt5s1 ) v long wri/s1 s !y w come up ov] ! dress or coat sleeve1 ?us protect+ ! h&s & wri/s completely f /+s4 ,to protect ! face & neck1 get co>se black lace1 "o-half y>d wide & a y>d & a qu>t] 9 l5g?4 ,take ?ree-f\r?s ( ?is piece = ! front bread?1 & ! balance = ! back bread?4 ,seam toge!r at ! selv$ges1 & ga!r ! upp] edge on an ela/ic cord s z to fit closely1 & draw ar\nd ! cr[n ( ! hat ,:5 putt+ on ! hat ready = use1 leave ! long] "p 9 front1 to button b5ea? ! coat or ve/ ( a g5tleman or ! sack ( a lady4 ,at ! back ! lace tucks b5ea? ! coll>4 ,?us protect$1 we are p]fectly safe f /+s1 & c see z well1 & p]=m all op]ations ne>ly z well1 z :5 uncov]$4 ,! be/ antidote = /+s is ! application ( wat] 9 :i* salt has be5 dissolv$--a heap+ teaspoonful ( salt to a teacupful ( wat]4 ,ba! ! affect$ "p freely1 & 9 sev]e cases take a swall[ ( ! salt & wat] into ! /oma*4 ,avoid rubb+ or irritat+ ! /ung "p4 ,be sure to extract ! /+ imm$iately1 z ! long] x rema9s ! m s]i\s w be ! consequ5ces4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,bee ,,mo?4 ,,9 "s localities ! bee mo? is said to be v de/ructive1 yet ,i reg>d ! depr$ations ( ?is insect z mu* less to be fe>$ ?an "s bee-keep]s suppose4 ,! bee mo? is ! ag5cy provid$ by nature = return+ back to ! e>? ! cont5ts ( any hive :5 left by ! bees1 9 ! same mann] t ! fle% fly is ! means provid$ = return+ to ! e>? ! c>case ( any animal4 ,i d n believe t a /rong1 heal?y /ock ( bees 0 ev] attack$ & de/roy$ by ! bee mo?4 ,! /ock mu/ f "s cause become r$uc$ 9 numb]s1 s !re are n bees en\gh to cov] all ! comb1 be=e ! mo? w make an attack4 ,b :5 ! comb is unprotect$1 ! mo? foll[s ! in/9ct ( its nature1 & deposits h] eggs 9 x4 ,! bees f "s cause keep decreas+1 & ! mo? cont9ues deposit+ h] eggs 9 ! vacat$ comb1 until ! entire comb ( ! hive is a complete mass ( vile worms1 ! prog5y ( ! bee mo?4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! bee keep] notices = ! fir/ "t1 7=1 if he is keep+ bees on ! old plan1 he lets !m take _! own c\rse1 believ+ if he m$dles ) !m1 !y w run out17 t some?+ is wrong ) t hive4 ,s he exam9es !m1 & f9ds ! combs a mass ( webs1 ) hundr$s ( mo? mill]s among ! combs1 & ! combs !mselves fill$ ) vile worms4 ,ah6 he says1 ! bee mo? has de/roy$ t sw>m ( bees2 :5 9 fact ! bee mo? _h no m to d ) br++ ab\t ! loss ?an ! maggots1 f\nd 9 ! c>case ( a nice lamb de/roy$ by dogs1 _h to d ) de/roy+ ! life ( ! animal4 ,oh1 says "s wise bee keep]1 ,i "k bett] ?an t1 = ,i h se5 ! bee mo? fly+ ab\t my hives & try+ to get 94 ,v well2 ,i h se5 ! fle% fly circl+ ab\t live animals1 b ?9k y !re 0 any dang] f !m1 z long z ! animal 0 9 heal?8 ,n a bit4 ,nei!r is !re any dang] f ! bee mo?1 if y keep y\r /ocks ( bees /rong & heal?y4 ,b if y h weak or diseas$ /ock1 or h honey 9 boxes 9 w>m wea!r unprotect$ by ! bees1 look out = ! bee mo?4 ,fumigate ) sulphur all combs tak5 f hives 9 w>m wea!r2 imm$iately aft] :i*1 seal up closely 9 well-made hives or boxes1 to prev5t access by ! mo? mill]4 ,all combs tak5 out late 9 ! fall1 & kept ?r\gh ! w9t] 9 a place :]e !y w be liable to freeze1 may be seal$ up s ! mo? _c ga9 access to !m1 & ! cont5ts w keep safely ?r\gh ! next summ]4 ,freez+ de/roys ! vitality ( ! mo? eggs4 ,fumigat+ ) sulphur1 z direct$ 9 ,c>e ( ,box ,honey 9 ,w>m ,wea!r1 w de/roy ! mo? worms1 & prev5t damage to ! combs1 if !y receive att5tion )9 a few days aft] ! eggs are hat*$2 b if ! worms are suff]$ to rema9 = any consid]able l5g? ( "t1 ! combs w be badly damag$1 if n entirely ru9$4 ,9 protect+ honey or empty comb f ! bee mo? 9 w>m wea!r1 e bee keep] %\ld recollect t et]nal vigilance is ! price ( success6 ,) ! ,controllable ,hive & new sy/em ( bee managem5t1 ! true condition ( /ocks is kn[n at all times4 ,! /ocks are v popul\s 9 ,july & ,augu/1 :i* is ! "t ! bee mo? is mo/ num]\s ab\t ! hives4 ,i nev] _h a /ock damag$ by ! bee mo? s9ce ,i adopt$ my pres5t sy/em ( bee managem5t4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,robb+4 ,,loss ( /ocks by robb+ %[s c>elessness1 or a lack ( k z to ! prop] c>e ( bees4 ,n "o /rong1 heal?y /ock ( bees 9 a ?\s& w be robb$1 if prop] precaution is tak54 ,dur+ a copi\s yield ( honey !re is v little dang] ( robb+4 ,:5 !re is a slack 9 ! yield1 ! bees w se>* ab\t = plund]1 & if a weak /ock is f\nd1 !y w be v likely to attack x4 ,x is ! duty ( e intellig5t bee-keep] to "k ! exact condition ( 8 /ocks at all times1 & if f any cause he has a weak /ock1 be sure to asc]ta9 ! cause ( _! weakness1 & if !y are heal?y /ocks1 contract ! entrances1 9 accordance ) ! numb] ( bees to pass4 ,b if !y are f\nd to be diseas$1 remove !m4 ,! bee1 l ! human race1 is mu* bett] able to def5d itself aga9/ ! attacks ( an enemy :5 !re is b "o av5ue ( approa*1 ?an if !re are sev]al4 ,no refuse honey %\ld be plac$ 9 ! op5 air1 accessible to all ! bees alike1 z ?is w\ld be v likely to create a desire = plund]1 & incite robb+4 ,nev]1 :5 a /ock is be+ robb$1 *ange x f "o /& to ano!r a few rods di/ant1 to prev5t robb+2 = ?is is a v great injury to ! /ock1 z all ! bees t h m>k$ ! location 7at ! season :5 robb+ w mo/ likely occur17 w return to ! old /&1 & be lo/4 ,! be/ rem$y1 or r prev5tative aga9/ robb+1 is to contract ! entrances to ! hive4 ,aft] bees h once comm5c$ robb+1 & h be5 successful 9 captur+ & plund]+ "o /ock1 !y w1 z soon z !y h secur$ ! honey f t "o1 attack "s o!r ) great impetuosity4 ,success 9 plund]+ r5d]s !m v c\rage\s2 b if y h contract$ ! entrances z direct$1 !y w be v likely to meet _! mat*1 & le>n a good lesson4 ,a little puni%m5t is necess>y to tea* !m _! prop] place4 ,i knew "o ( ^! old wise-heads--su* a "o z spok5 ( 9 ! *apt] on ,sw>m+ & ,hiv+--to use 8 famili> logic3 ,:at he didn't "k ab\t bees wasn't wor? kn[+4 ,he didn't want any book l>n9' to "k h[ to keep bees2 he _h all]s kept 'em1 & 8 fa!r be=e him4 ,well1 ?is ,mr4 ,wiseman f\nd1 or ?\ght he _h f\nd1 t 8 neighbor's bees 7 robb+ 8 /ocks4 ,z\nds6 says he1 ,i'll fix 'em6 ,s he goes e>ly 9 ! morn+1 be=e ! bees are fly+1 & conf9es 8 /ock1 :i* he ?\ght 0 be+ robb$1 by nail+ a piece ( bo>d closely ov] ea* entrance to ! hive1 s no bees c\ld pass 9 or out4 ,ab\t sunrise2 or a little lat]1 ! robb] bees beg9 to collect on ! front ( 8 hive1 seek+ to ga9 access4 ,he waits until a qu>t or m h collect$1 & !n he takes two or ?ree qu>ts ( boil+ wat]1 & da%es x ^u !m4 ,?is he cont9ues ?r\gh t day1 & ! next1 at int]vals1 z (t5 z !re are any bees collect$ on ! front ( 8 hive4 ,dur+ ?is "t he has kill$ m ?an a half bu%el ( bees4 ,! ?ird day he op5s 8 hive1 b to 8 great surprise1 no bees appe>1 & on exam9ation he f9ds ! bees all dead4 ,!y _h suffocat$4 ,want ( air1 & ! boil+ wat] ^u ! hive1 _h de/roy$ !m4 ,& to cr[n all1 & make 8 loss /ill m sev]e1 he f\nd x 0 8 own bees t 7 engag$ 9 plund]+ 8 /ock1 & 8 neighbor's bees _h no?+ to d ) x4 ,! va/ numb] ( bees slaught]$ ) ! hot wat]1 s r$uc$ 9 numb]s sev]al ( 8 /ocks1 t !y nev] recov]$1 b fell prey to ! mo? mill] t season4 ,& t 0 ! way he fix$ 'em4 ,!re are s _m :ims & false notions ab\t bees1 t great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 adopt+ plans recomm5d$ by inexp]i5c$ bee keep]s1 or t class :o claim to "k ev]y?+ ab\t bees1 yet by _! practice %[ t !y "k v little4 ,!re is "o o!r plan1 aside f contract+ ! entrance1 :i* w prove successful1 b :i* is a little m tr\ble to apply4 ,if y f9d a /ock is be+ robb$1 look !m ov]1 & be sure t !y h a f]tile1 heal?y que54 ,if ! que5 is f\nd to be all "r1 b ) few bees1 take f ?is hive two comb frames fill$ ) comb1 ) no eggs or brood1 & g to a popul\s /ock1 & ex*ange ^! two combs = two o!rs fill$ ) brood4 ,select su* z h mo/ ( ! brood seal$ ov]1 z y want t :i* w hat* ! quicke/4 ,put ^! two combs 9 ! hive t is be+ robb$1 fa/5 up ! /ock by putt+ wire clo? ov] ! entrances1 giv+ !m air yet prev5t+ ! passage ( bees4#g ,footnote #g3 ,x is well to conf9e ! bees :5 a l>ge numb] ( robb]s are inside--a l>g] numb] if possible ?an ! sw>m itself1 =1 be+ conf9$ a few days1 !y w make t hive _! home1 & aid 9 def5d+ its /ores aga9/ o!r robb]s ) z mu* en]gy z ! bees ( ! orig9al sw>m4 ,:5 y put 9 ! two frames ) brood1 if y f9d b little honey 9 ! hive--n en\gh to la/ ! bees a mon? or m--put 9 "o frame conta9+ honey4 ,put on ! fe$] & c>ry ! hive to a d>k & quiet room1 & fill ! fe$] ) pure1 s(t wat]4 ,let ! bees rema9 9 ?is room f\r days2 !n ab\t "o h\r be=e sunset1 set !m on ! old /&1 giv+ !m _! lib]ty1 ) ! entrances to ! hive contract$--! l[] entrance clos$ entirely1 & ! upp] "o half clos$4 ,intellig5t bee keep]s w readily und]/& :y ?is plan %\ld prove a success3--,fir/1 ! bees t hat* f ! brood comb giv5 ! weak /ock1 w be a great enc\ragem5t to ! few bees 9 ! hive2 & 9 a v few days !y w aid 9 def5d+ ! hive aga9/ ! attacks ( robb]s4 ,aga9--remov+ ! hive f ! /& seems to disorganize ! robb]s1 = aft] !y h visit$ ! /& = sev]al days1 & f9d no plund]1 !y w give up ! se>* 9 t direction4 ,be=e tak+ ! tr\ble to remove a hive z "h direct$1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to be c]ta9 t ! bees are be+ robb$4 ,y c be sure :e!r x is y\r own bees or o!rs t are robb+1 by spr9kl+ !m ) fl\r z !y come f ! hive :i* y suspect is be+ robb$1 & wat*+ y\r o!r hives1 to see if ^? y h m>k$ ent] !m1 be+ v c>eful t y are n deceiv$ by ! du/ f "s species ( blossoms1 :i* adh]es to ! body ( ! bee1 & might be mi/ak5 = ! fl\r4 ,bees :5 plund]+ a /ock w (t5 keep at _! "w until d>k1 "s ( !m be+ unable to f9d _! hive by reason ( ! d>kness4 ,hone/ work]s are n f\nd abroad at t "t1 &1 by ! way1 ?is is a v good te/ ( robb+4 ,9 conclud+ ?is *apt]1 ,i advise aga93 ,"k ! condition ( y\r /ocks at all times4 ,if any h too few bees1 contract ! entrances 9 accordance ) t numb] ( bees to pass4 ,prev5tative is mu* bett] ?an cure 9 ?is case4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,pr(its ,,( ,,bee ,,keep+4 ,,tw5ty-,,five ye>s ago1 & ev5 at ! pres5t "t1 by ! ord9>y me?ods ( bee keep+1 if a pr(it ( five doll>s f "o hive ( bees 9 "o season 0 ga9$ x 0 consid]$ good luck4 ,y "k !re is no sy/em 9 ! ord9>y me?ods ( bee keep+4 ,x is ei!r good luck or bad luck2--all luck & *ance1 anyway4 ,9 "o ye> !y get five doll>s pr(it f a /ock ( bees2 ! next honey season !y get no?+1 & ! bees all die 9 ! w9t]2 or p]haps !y w survive t w9t]1 & ! next season sw>m1 & fly away to ! woods2 or p]haps refuse to sw>m1 & rema9 idly clu/]$ on ! front ( ! hive ?r\gh\t ! entire honey season1 & die f want ( food be=e ! w9t] is half gone4 ,bee keep+ by ! ord9>y me?ods is a v prec>i\s & unc]ta9 occupation4 ,! pr(its are small at be/1 & losses l>ge & frequ5t4 ,) my ,controllable ,hive & common s5se sy/em ( bee managem5t 7z describ$ 9 ?is "w17 f\nd$ on correct & sci5tific pr9ciples1 bee keep+ is r$uc$ to a sci5ce4 ,!re is no luck1 no guess-"w1 no *ance ab\t x4 ,!re c be no loss 9 bee keep+ )\t a cause2 !re c be no ga9 )\t a full & correct und]/&+ ( ! natural habits & requirem5ts ( bees4 ,a correct k ( ! subject insures success4 ,i w n[ pres5t a few /atem5ts1 exhibit+ ! practical results :i* foll[ ! use ( my ,controllable ,hive & new sy/em ( bee managem5t1 & %[+ ! great contra/ 9 pr(its & g5]al success 9 ! c>e ( bees4 ,9 ! season ( #ahgj1 "o ( my hives ( native bees yield$ two hundr$ & fifty-?ree p\nds ( surplus honey1 9 glass boxes1 f ! #bj? ( ,may to ! #a/ ( ,july4 ,9 #ahge "o hive yield$ ?ree hundr$ & eighty p\nds ( surplus honey 9 glass boxes dur+ ! season4 ,?is 0 ! l>ge/ yield ,i ev] _h1 & %[s :at is possible by lib]al fe$+ ) a ?rifty /ock ( bees1 giv+ !m e facility1 ) a view ( secur+ ! l>ge/ possible am\nt ( surplus box honey4 ,9 ?is case1 ,i select$1 9 e>ly spr+1 ! v be/ /ock ,i c\ld f9d1 & pu%$ x z h>d z possible ?r\gh\t ! entire spr+1 summ] & e>ly fall4 ,my success exce$$ ev5 my mo/ sangu9e expectations4 ,z x may s]ve to aid o!rs 9 produc+ l>ge yields ( honey1 ,i w describe m9utely ! me?od pursu$ to secure ?is l>ge & extraord9>y yield4 ,v e>ly 9 ! spr+ ,i select$ ! mo/ popul\s /ock 9 my possession4 ,x 0 rul$ by a "y & exce$+ly prolific ,hybrid que51 a mixture ( ,italian & ,native blood4 ,i comm5c$ e>ly 9 ! spr+ to fe$ ?is /ock lightly b regul>ly1 e day at ev5+4 ,i f$ ab\t "o-half p\nd ( fe$ p] day1 until a few days be=e ! fl[]s 7 9 bloom pr(usely6 ,?is 0 done to enc\rage bre$+4 ,v e>ly 9 ! spr+ !y 7 f$ com & rye meal1 z direct$ 9 ?is "w4 ,= a few days be=e ! fl[]s 7 bloom+ pr(usely1 ,i f$ lib]ally--9 fact1 gave !m all ,i c\ld possibly induce !m to take up2 ! object be+ to get ! /ore comb 9 ! body ( ! hive1 n occupi$ ) brood1 completely fill$ ) honey4 ,! glass boxes1 tw5ty-six 9 numb] 7) ! ,fe$]17 ea* hold+ ab\t f\r & "o-half p\nds ( honey1 7 arrang$ 9 connection ) ! hive 7sides & top17 sev]al weeks prior to ! appe>ance ( ! fl[]s1 t ! bees might become accu/om$ to !m1 & ! m readily ent] !m1 & comm5ce "w4 ,:5 ,i ceas$ fe$+ 7:i* 0 on ! appe>ance ( ! fl[]s yield+ a good supply ( honey17 ! boxes 7 fill$ ) bees1 & comb-build+ _h comm5c$4 ,! hive 0 at ?is "t fill$ to ov]fl[+ ) bees1 & ! combs _h brood 9 all /ages ( gr[?1 f ! egg to ! p]fect bee4 ,i _h tak5 ! precaution to cut out ne>ly all ! drone comb1 & fit 9 its place work] comb1 s ,i _h b v few drones to consume ! honey4 ,i _h also arrang$ s z to h no increase by sw>m+1 b to h all ! bees employ$ /or+ surplus honey 9 ! boxes ?r\gh\t ! season4 ,z fa/ z ! boxes 7 fill$1 !y 7 remov$1 & empty ones sub/itut$ 9 _! place4 ,i nev] saw bees "w ) su* det]m9$ indu/ry1 e>ly & late1 & 9 all k9ds ( wea!r4 ,:5 honey fail$ at ! end ( ! season1 !re 0 a set ( boxes on ! hive p>tially fill$4 ,i imm$iately gave ! bees fe$ until ^! too 7 f9i%$4 ,i f\nd1 on weigh+ ! product ( ?is hive 9 ! fall1 t !y _h giv5 me a fraction ov] ?ree hundr$ & eighty p\nds ( surplus honey 9 boxes4 ,?is honey ,i sold at ?irty-five c5ts a p\nd1 a little ov] "o hundr$ & ?irty-?ree doll>s1 = surplus honey sold f ?is "o /ock4 ,read]1 g ?\ & d likewise4 ,i _h "o /ock ( bees :i* occupi$ ! same /&1 w9t] & summ]1 = six ye>s1 & dur+ t "t !y sw>m$ b once1 & f x ,i sold e ye> ov] fifty doll>s' wor? ( surplus honey 9 glass boxes4 ,a neighbor sev]al times (f]$ me fifty doll>s = ?is /ock1 e>ly 9 ! spr+ be=e ! bees comm5c$ _! labors4 ,9 #ahgd ,i pur*as$ a sw>m ( bees 9 an old box hive4 ,!y _h n paid _! own] a doll> 9 pr(it = ye>s4 ,"s seasons !y w\ld sw>m & fly away to ! woods2 9 o!r seasons !y w\ld rema9 clu/]$ on ! front ( ! hive ?r\gh ! entire season1 refus+ to sw>m1 or ent] ! two small boxes cov]$ ) a cap on top ( ! hive4 ,i transf]r$ ! bees f ?is hive to ! ,controllable ,hive1 & !y gave me a pr(it ( ov] =ty doll>s ! fir/ ye>4 ,i sold my honey 9 #ahgd = f ?irty-?ree to ?irty-five doll>s p] hundr$ gross weight--t is1 no t>e d$uct$ = weight ( ! box4 ,! boxes weigh ea* ab\t "o p\nd1 empty1 & :5 well fill$ ) honey ab\t f\r & "o-half p\nds1 gross4 ,! pres5t season 7#ahhj47 "o /ock 9 a ,controllable ,hive1 9 ! mon? ( ,june1 )\t be+ f$ or hav+ extra c>e1 yield$ sev5ty-two p\nds ( surplus honey 9 glass boxes4 ,ano!r1 treat$ 9 ! same mann]1 yield$ ov] eighty p\nds surplus1 9 ! same "t4 ,ano!r new sw>m1 s9ce ! fir/ week 9 ,june1 fill$ ! brood frames ) honey1 & produc$ ?irty-eight p\nds ( surplus 9 glass boxes1 7fill+ eight boxes z full z !y c\ld be cr[d$17 & gave me a l>ge sw>m ! la/ week 9 ,june4 ,:5 box honey br+s f ?irty-?ree to ?irty-five c5ts a p\nd1 gross weight1 my usual ye>ly av]age is a little ov] fifty doll>s clean pr(it f ! sale ( box honey1 f ea* /ock ( bees ,i keep4 ,i int5d to keep ab\t twelve /ocks ea* season4 ,i sometimes h a mu* great] numb]2 yet x is my purpose to keep only ?is numb] ea* season1 = ! production ( surplus honey1 sw>ms1 etc4 ,my av]age yield ( surplus box honey is ab\t two hundr$ p\nds 7p]haps a trifle less7 f ea* hive ( bees t ,i keep1 dur+ ea* season1 :5 sw>m+ is prev5t$ & ea* /ock lib]ally f$4 ,i w "h give ! te/imony ( a few ( ! _m1 :o h adopt$ ! plan ( bee managem5t recomm5d$ 9 ?is "w4 ,i %\ld give ! "n & po/-(fice address ( ea*1 7 x n = ! fact t !y w\ld receive s _m lett]s ( inquiry1 z to make x v disagreeable to !m4 ,i h ! orig9al & complete lett]s 9 my possession1 & su* lett]s ,i am prep>$ to %[ at any "t4 ,my object 9 pres5t+ ?is te/imony "h1 is to %[ t ! sy/em ( bee managem5t recomm5d$ h]e9 is n only successful ) me1 b ) all intellig5t bee keep]s1 z well4 ,a g5tleman f ,v]mont writes me1 "u date ( ,septemb] #ae1 #ahgi1 z foll[s3 ,i take ?is opportunity ( in=m+ y ( ! exp]i5ce ,i h _h ) ! bee hive receiv$ f y4 ,ab\t ! #aj? ( ,may ,i transf]r$ a sw>m ( bees f a box hive to ! ,controllable ,hive4 ,i transf]r$ all ! brood combs1 & ab\t eight or t5 p\nds ( honey4 ,i f$ !m until fl[]s 7 pl5ty1 :i* enc\rag$ !m to build rapidly4 ,ab\t ! #be? ( ,may ,i put 9 surplus boxes on ! sides1 :i* !y soon ent]$1 & w5t to "w4 ,! middle ( ,june ,i put boxes on top1 z ! bees %[$ symptoms ( sw>m+4 ,by ! #aj? ( ,july ! side boxes 7 ne>ly all fill$1 & ! bees 7 at "w 9 ! top boxes4 ,july #ae? ,i took (f sixte5 ( ! tw5ty side boxes1 well fill$ & capp$1 & plac$ empty ones 9 _! places4 ,augu/ #e?1 ,i took six ( ! t5 boxes (f ! top1 well fill$4 ,!n ! dry wea!r set 91 & ! bees came to a /&-/ill 7?9k+ ! honey season ov]17 b ! basswood reviv$ x = a %ort "t1 enabl+ !m to fill up ! boxes pretty full4 ,i obta9$ 9 all f ?is sw>m tw5ty-eight boxes1 weigh+ "o hundr$ & t5 p\nds4 ,i %all h t5 hives made ?is w9t] = use ! com+ spr+4 ,a g5tleman writes f ,new ,york1 "u date ( ,april #b;d1 #ahgi3 ,i h receiv$ y\r hive1 :i* meets my ideas ( :at a bee hive %\ld be4 ,x conta9s all t is requir$ 9 a bee hive1 or 9 o!r words x is j ! ?+ ,i h be5 want+4 ,i h be5 us+ ! ,qu9by hive1 s call$1 b ,i am n[ go+ to keep bees 9 e>ne/ on y\r plan4 ,i h ! fulle/ confid5ce ( success ) y\r hive & plan ( managem5t4 ,y\r plan = w9t]+ is a good "o1 on sci5tific pr9ciples1 & ! arrangem5t = fe$+1 & surplus honey1 c't be beat4 ,a g5tleman writes f ,new ,hamp%ire1 "u date ( ,april #bf?1 #ahgi3 ,i h te/$ y\r hive1 & my bees h done fir/-rate4 ,i believe ! hive is j :at x is repres5t$4 ,"o /rong reason :y ,i ?9k s mu* ( y\r hive is1 !re 7 n a doz5 bees di$ 9 ! hive la/ w9t]1 :ile ?ree ( my fir/ sw>ms 9 o!r hives all di$--"s ( !m ) fifty p\nds ( honey 9 ! hive4 ,i h lo/ "s w9t]s z _m z fifte5 or tw5ty sw>ms4 ,i h n[ te/$ y\r hive to my satisfaction1 & ,i d n believe bees w die 9 x1 if y\r in/ructions = w9t]+ are c>ri$ out4 ,i ?9k y\r hive is :at e bee keep] %\ld h to make a success ( bee keep+4 ,a g5tleman writes f ,miss\ri1 "u date ( ,may #a/1 #ahgi3 ,y\r bee hive ,i l v mu*4 ,i put 9 ! sw>m la/ season4 ,!y did mu* bett] ?an any sw>m ,i _h 9 ! ,am]ican hive4 ,i took away m surplus honey ?an f any ( ! o!rs4 ,i c recomm5d ! ,controllable ,hive to all bee keep]s4 ,?is spr+ ,i h put up f\rte5 m ,controllable ,hives1 & %all use no o!r hive 9 future4 ,a lady b\ght a sw>m ( ,italian bees ( me 9 #ahgd1 & f t "o /ock %e increas$ to ov] tw5ty ! ?ird season1 besides obta9+ ov] "o hundr$ p\nds ( nice surplus honey f ! sw>m ,i s5t h] 9 ! fir/ season4 ,"h ,i desire to be cle>ly und]/ood4 ,i d n wi% to hold out inducem5ts :i* w nev] be realiz$1 = ! purpose ( caus+ any "o to comm5ce bee keep+ ) unreasonable expectations ( pr(it4 ,!re is labor & c>e requir$ to br+ success 9 any ent]prise2 & usually ! great] ! c>e & labor be/[$ on any bus9ess1 ! great] ! rew>d 9 pr(its4 ,bees give ample return = ea* little c>e & att5tion be/[$ ^u !m2 & if neglect$ & p]mitt$ to g unc>$ =1 !re is correspond+ loss4 ,i believe t bee keep+ on correct & sci5tific pr9ciples %\ld be enc\rag$1 until bees en\gh are kept to collect ! honey n[ all[$ to g to wa/e1 & :i*1 if collect$1 w\ld add millions ( doll>s to ! weal? ( ! c\ntry4 ,! /atem5ts ( l>ge yields ( honey "h pres5t$1 %[ :at x is possible to d2 yet no reasonable p]son w\ld comm5ce bee keep+ ) ! expectation ( realiz+1 on ea* ( a doz5 or m /ocks kept1 ! l>ge yields above specifi$4 ,"s /ocks w pay a mu* great] pr(it ?an o!rs4 ,& x is only "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances1 ) our v be/ /ocks1 t we secure ! results "h nam$1 su* z ?ree hundr$ & eighty p\nds ( box honey f "o /ock 9 a season ,?is s]ves to illu/rate :at may be d]iv$ 7b n :at we may reasonably expect7 f ea* /ock1 :]e a doz5 or m /ocks are kept4 ,two hundr$ p\nds f ea* /ock on ! av]age is ab\t "r4 ,& ?is la/ is only secur$ ) good c>e & att5tion1 p]sev]ance & labor1 judici\sly appli$ to ! "w4 ,! "q is (t5 ask$3 ,h[ _m /ocks ( bees c be kept 9 "o place on y\r plan8 ,?is dep5ds on ! numb] ( honey-yield+ plants & fl[]s4 ,"s localities furni% a mu* great] numb] ?an o!rs4 ,9 "s localities1 fifty /ocks w\ld d well1 & pay ye>ly a h&some pr(it2 9 o!rs1 x w\ld n be pr(itable to keep half z _m4 ,i am 9 a place said to be v unfavorable to bee keep+4 ,i f9d twelve /ocks ab\t ! "r numb] = me to ma9ta94 ,bees w g sev5 miles or m to collect honey1 b ! %ort] ! di/ance1 ! m honey w be collect$1 9 a season2 consequ5tly ! great] pr(it w foll[4 ,x c only be le>n$ by practical te/ h[ _m /ocks ( bees may be pr(itably kept 9 any locality4 ,comm5ce ) a few1 & increase ! numb] mod]ately1 until y f9d y h z _m z y wi% to keep1 or z _m z ! locality w support1 ) good pr(it1 :5 manag$ judici\sly4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,*ang+ ,,old ,,que5s ,,= ,,"y ,,ones4 ,,on my plan ( bee managem5t1 if a /ock does n *ange its que5 = ?ree ye>s 9 succession1 ! f\r? season ! old que5 %\ld be tak5 away1 if %e %[s ! lea/ sign ( fail+1 & a "y1 lay+ que5 sub/itut$ 9 h] place ,x (t5 happ5s1 if ! que5 9 a /ock dies or becomes s]i\sly injur$1 t ! bees w1 ( _! own accord1 re> ano!r to take h] place4 ,b if h] failure has be5 gradual1 ! bees may n h ! means to d s1 :5 %e at la/ fails entirely1 = ! reason t %e may cease lay+1 = sev]al days or weeks previ\s to h] dea?1 9 :i* case x w\ld be impossible = ! bees1 )\t assi/ance1 to re> ano!r que5 to take h] place4 ,!y mu/ h an egg n ov] five days old1 f :i* to re> a que54 ,! great necessity ( close obs]vation1 9 ord] to keep ea* /ock always suppli$ ) a heal?y1 prolific que51 _c be impress$ too /rongly on ! m9d ( e bee keep]4 ,be sure n to neglect ?is v important po9t 9 successful & pr(itable bee keep+4 ,b v few seem to "k ! av]age duration ( life ( ! honey bee4 ,! av]age t]m ( life ( ! work] is only a few mon?s--n m ?an f two to f\r--a great _m d n live out half t "t4 ,s x w be se5 t x is only by keep+ heal?y & prolific que5s 9 ea* /ock1 t we c h popul\s /ocks1 su* z w pay a good pr(it4 ,9 my exp]im5ts ,i h 9 sev]al in/ances tak5 f a vigor\s & v popul\s /ock _! que51 & at ! same "t depriv$ !m ( ! means ( re>+ ano!r4 ,?is 0 done 9 ! honey season4 ,9 su* cases ! bees kept on ) _! labor1 ?\gh ) visible reluctance & an appe>ance ( disc\ragem5t1 ! numb] ( bees decreas+ v rapidly1 & 9 f two to ?ree mon?s ne>ly all _h disappe>$1 n m ?an two or ?ree hundr$ rema9+1 :]e !re _h be5 f ?irty ?\s& to fifty ?\s& all 9 a prosp]\s condition4 ,o!r in/ances h come "u my obs]vation1 cle>ly %[+ t ! life ( ! work] honey bee is only ( few mon?s duration4 ,"o case 9 fact w %[3 ,i remov$ ! native que5 f a v /rong /ock ( native or black bees1 9 ! honey season1 & introduc$ an ,italian que51 9 ord] to *ange ! /ock f native to ,italian4 ,! read] w readily und]/& t e egg deposit$ by ! ,italian que51 aft] h] introduction1 w produce ! ,italian v>iety1 ! work]s ( :i* are entirely di/9ct 9 color f ! natives4 ,9 a few days aft] ! introduction ( ! ,italian que5 ,i f\nd ! natives 7 disappe>+1 & soon aft] ! ,italians began to appe>4 ,! *ange 0 v rapid4 ,9 ab\t two mon?s n a native or black bee c\ld be f\nd ab\t ! hive--all 7 ,italians4 ,! natives _h gradually decreas$1 until all _h disappe>$1 %[+ conclusively t !y _h di$ 9 ! same ratio t !y w\ld h pass$ away f a /ock naturally4 ,dur+ ! w9t] season1 z ! bee is 9 a dormant /ate = ! great] "p ( ! "t1 !y are giv5 a long] lease ( life4 ,:5 x is discov]$ t a /ock has a b>r5 que5 or has lo/ its que51 or f any cause %e has ceas$ to be prolific 7& 9 consequ5ce ! bees are dw9dl+ away17 take means imm$iately to sub/itute a prolific & heal?y que5 9 h] place1 & at ! same "t re-en=ce ! /ock1 by tak+ "o or m frames fill$ ) hat*+ brood f a popul\s /ock1 & ex*ang+ = ^? de/itute ( brood4 ,9 ?is mann] ! bees w be increas$ s z to insure safety = a few days1 aft] :i* ! /ock1 hav+ be5 furni%$ ) a prolific1 heal?y que51 w rega9 _! =m] prosp]ity & vigor4 ,! que5 be+ ! "m ( ! entire sw>m1 & consequ5tly all increase be+ dep5d5t on h]1 e intellig5t bee keep] w readily und]/& t 9 ord] to succe$1 he mu/ be sure t ea* /ock has a prolific que54 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,re>+ ,,& ,,introduc+ ,,que5s4 ,,9 comm5c+ to re> que5s1 y w fir/ want "s small re>+ boxes1 or m9iature hives1 ab\t f\r & "o-half in*es wide1 by eight in*es long1 & five in*es deep1 inside measurem5t4 ,use in* bo>d = ! hives4 ,make = ea* hive ?ree movable comb frames1#h susp5d$ ! same z 9 ! brood section ( ! ,controllable ,hive4 ,make ! "u side ( ! top b>1 flat1 in/ead ( triangul>1 z 9 ! l>ge comb frames4 ,take a piece ( old comb1 & cut to fill ea* "o ( ^! small frames4 ,take f a p9t to a qu>t ( bees f a popul\s /ock 79 ! height ( ! bre$+ season ?is w d no h>m7 )\t ! que5-4 ,conf9e ^! bees 9 a light box1 9 ! top ( :i* !re is an in* hole1 clos$1 to conf9e !m to ! box1 = if n conf9$ !y w\ld return to ! old /ock1 z ! que5 is n ) !m4 ,hav+ secur$ y\r bees 9 ! box1 g to a /ock1 & lift out a comb conta9+ eggs1 j deposit$4 ,!y may be kn[n by _! appe>ance4 ,!y are b a t9y speck at ! bottom ( ! cell1 ab\t "o-sixte5? ( an in* 9 l5g?1 slightly curv$1 & p]fectly :ite 9 color4 ,!y rema9 9 ?is =m f two to ?ree days1 at ! end ( :i* "t !y *ange to ! =m ( a grub or maggot4 ,aft] ?is *ange x is a risk to dep5d on !m = que5 rais+1 s be sure to secure = y\r purpose eggs4 ,cut f ! brood comb a piece ab\t two in*es long & "o-half in* wide1 us+ a v %>p1 ?9 knife1 s n to mutilate ! comb4 ,cut out a piece f ! c5t] comb ( ! m9iature hive1 & fit 9 its place ! piece conta9+ ! eggs4 ,! middle ( a w>m day is ! be/ "t to d ?is "w4 ,x is be/ to h "o ( ! comb frames ( ! m9iature hive fill$ ) honey1 to furni% food = ! bees = a few days4 ,footnote #h3 ,?is frame is %[n 9 ! engrav+ repres5t+ ! diff]5t k9ds ( cells1 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ,z soon z y h fitt$ ! piece conta9+ ! eggs 9 its place 9 ! m9iature hive1 put on a close-fitt+ cov]4 ,d n nail x1 z y w want to look at x e few days4 ,close ! entrances to ! m9iature hive1 s no bees c escape4 ,n[ op5 ! hole 9 ! top ( ! box 9 :i* ! bees are conf9$1 & set ! m9iature hive conta9+ ! eggs ov] x quickly1 all[+ no bees to escape4 ,! bees w !n pass f ! box up into ! m9iature hive1 clu/] on ! comb conta9+ ! eggs1 & imm$iately comm5ce ! re>+ ( que5s f ! eggs ?us furni%$ !m4 ,keep ! bees conf9$ to ! m9iature hive = ab\t ?irty-six h\rs4 ,give !m _! lib]ty at fir/ ab\t "o h\r be=e sunset4 ,if y d n conf9e !m = ! "t /at$1 !y w return to ! hive f :i* y took !m1 b if s conf9$1 !y w =get _! old home1 & adh]e to ! m9iature hive1 ! same z an ord9>y sw>m hiv$ 9 ! usual way4 ,!y w re> que5s f ! eggs giv5 !m by con/ruct+ que5 cells1 s arrang$ z to take 9 "o ( ! eggs 9 ! piece ( comb furni%$ !m1 (t5 con/ruct+ ?ree or m cells4 ,9 ab\t six days1 op5 ! m9iature hive1 & y w f9d ^! cells ne>ly or q f9i%$4 ,occasionally a case occurs :]e !y d n re> que5s :5 ?us furni%$ ) ! means1 b su* cases are r>e4 ,if y f9d ea* "o made sep>ate1 y c1 if y *oose1 ) a %>p1 ?9 knife cut out all ! cells b "o1 & give !m to o!r re>+ boxes n suppli$ ) eggs1 or :i* h fail$ to re> que5s f ! eggs furni%$ !m4 ,if y leave all ! cells 9 ! m9iature hive z con/ruct$1 ! fir/ que5 t hat*es w de/roy all ! o!rs4 ,%e w visit ea* cell1 gnaw an op5+ 9 ! side1 curve h] abdom5 & ins]t h] /+ into ! op5+1 & /+ ! rival que5 to dea? :ile yet 9 h] cradle4 ,! work] bees w !n enl>ge ! op5+1 & drag out ! lifeless body4 ,! victori\s que5 n[ reigns ov] ! little colony1 ! same z 9 a l>ge & natural sw>m4 ,9 f ?ree to five days aft] hat*+1 if ! wea!r is f9e1 ! "y que5 w leave ! m9iature hive1 & take a flight 9 ! op5 air1 to meet ! drone = ! purpose ( fecundation4 ,if successful1 %e w comm5ce to lay 9 ab\t two days4 ,%e may !n be introduc$ to a full /ock at any "t desir$4 ,recollect1 x w be useless to re> que5s :]e !re are no drones4 ,:5 /ocks are lib]ally f$ e>ly 9 ! season1 drones w appe> correspond+ly e>ly4 ,& if f a /ock well suppli$ ) drones1 y remove ! que51 ! work]s w n de/roy ! drones 9 t hive until !y h obta9$ ano!r f]tile lay+ que54 ,) ?is idea 9 view1 viz3--e>ly & lib]al fe$+ to produce drones e>ly1 & depriv+ a popul\s /ock 7well suppli$ ) drones7 ( its que5 ! la/ ( ! season1 we c h drones suffici5t = our purpose f e>ly spr+ until late 9 ! fall4 ,i h 9 sev]al in/ances1 = ! purpose ( secur+ drones v e>ly 9 ! spr+1 depriv$ a popul\s /ock1 conta9+ a l>ge numb] ( drones1 ( its que51 v late 9 ! fall1 & w9t]$ !m que5less4 ,9 ?is mann] ! drones 7 p]mitt$ by ! bees to rema9 & w9t] ) ! sw>m4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ !y 7 re-en=c$ ) hat*+ brood f popul\s /ocks1 b 7 p]mitt$ to re> no que5s1 9 ord] t ! drones might be pres]v$4 ,z soon z drones appe>$ 9 ! o!r /ocks1 ?is /ock 0 furni%$ ) a lay+ que51 & x 0 z prosp]\s z ! be/4 ,by ?is plan drones may be kept ?r\gh ! w9t]1 if _! s]vices are requir$ v e>ly 9 ! spr+1 be=e we c raise !m f ! be/ /ocks by judici\s fe$+1 :i* v r>ely c be done4 ,! bees = re>+ que5s are usually obta9$ f popul\s hives1 su* z w h>dly miss a p9t or a qu>t f _! numb]s1 great c>e be+ ex]cis$ n to remove ! que54 ,! be/ "t to get ! bees is 9 ! middle ( ! day4 ,g to a /ock & fir/ f9d ! que54 ,set ! comb %e is on1 to "o side4 ,put y\r light box 7prep>$ z be=e describ$ ) a hole 9 ! top7 on a %eet ne> by1 ) "o edge rais$ an in*4 ,take "o or m combs f ! hive 7be+ c>eful n to get ! "o ) ! que517 & %ake ! bees f !m1 d[n beside ! box1 :i* !y w readily ent]4 ,:5 y h bees en\gh 9 ! box1 close x s none c escape4 ,y n[ h ! bees ready to put 9 ! m9iature hive1 z be=e direct$4 ,i ?9k ,i h giv5 su* in/ruction z w enable any "o1 aft] a little practice1 to re> que5s successfully4#i ,i w foll[ x ) su* in=mation z w insure success 9 introduc+ que5s into full /ocks ( bees4 ,footnote #i3 ,by tak+ brood = re>+ que5s only f su* /ocks z exhibit ! greate/ indu/ry1 mildness ( disposition1 vigor 9 )/&+ ! cold1 etc41 ,i f9d lam able to greatly improve ! desirable qualities ( my bees f ye> to ye>4 ,?is sy/ematic c\rse ( treatm5t has produc$ sw>ms possess+ v valuable *>act]i/ics4 ,x is surpris+ to note ! diff]5ce 9 pr(its & ease ( managem5t1 betwe5 bees t h always be5 left to take _! own c\rse1 & su* z h _h _! mo/ desirable traits cultivat$ & improv$ to ! greate/ possible ext5t = a t]m ( ye>s4 ,! diff]5ce is almo/ z m>k$ z betwe5 ! savage 9 8 native wilds1 & ! mo/ intellig5t & highly educat$ memb] ( society4 ,"h let me caution bee keep]s nev] to attempt to introduce a que5 into a full /ock ( bees1 until %e has begun to lay4 ,a "y que51 n fecundat$1 w be de/roy$ 9 n9e cases out ( t51 9 spite ( e precaution4 ,be=e introduc+ a que51 ! old que5 9 ! /ock1 if any exi/s1 mu/ be tak5 away4 ,make y\r se>* = h] 9 ! middle ( ! day1 z at t "t mo/ ( ! work]s are away4 ,use b v little smoke1 & t only at ! entrance1 z ! bees %\ld rema9 spread ov] ! combs z ev5ly z possible4 ,if y use mu* smoke !y w ru% to ! bottom & ! corn]s ( ! hive1 & x is v likely ! que5 might seek a hid+-place ) ! o!rs1 :]e y c\ld n f9d h]4 ,if n di/urb$1 ! que5 w be f\nd 9 ! comb among ! bees4 ,:5 ready to proce$1 hav+ smok$ !m lightly at ! entrances 7a puff at ea* entrance is suffici5t17 lift out ! comb c>efully1 avoid+ any j>1 & look !m ov] = ! que54 ,x is said ! ,italian que5s are m readily f\nd ?an ! natives1 b ,i c\ld nev] see any diff]5ce4 ,hold ! frame up 9 front ( y\r face1 s z to h a good view1 & look ea* comb ov] c>efully till y f9d ! que54 ,:5 f\nd1 remove h]4 ,always return ! combs s !y w occupy ! same position z be=e4 ,z soon z ! que5 is remov$1 & ! bees are aw>e ( _! loss1 !y w usually comm5ce to re> ano!r que5 f ! work] eggs to take h] place4 ,to make a sure ?+ ( x1 !y (t5 />t to produce a half-doz5 or m4 ,9 six days aft] remov+ ! que51 smoke ! bees well1 to get ! combs z cle> ( !m z possible4 ,d ?is 9 ! middle ( ! day4 ,:5 y h driv5 ! mo/ ( ! bees f ! comb to ! bottom & into ! corn]s ( ! hives1 lift out ! combs1 & look %>ply = que5 cells1 7success dep5ds on ?or\gh "w "h47 ,) a %>p knife cut out & de/roy e su* cell t is f9i%$ or comm5c$4 ,don't leave any "p ( a que5 cell 9 ! hive1 = ! bees w n accept a /range que5 if !y h ! means ( rais+ "o ( _! own4 ,hav+ de/roy$ e que5 cell1 f9i%$ or unf9i%$1 return ! combs to ! hive2 b be=e putt+ ! honey bo>d ov] ! brood section1 cut a hole 9 x a little small] ?an ! top ( a tumbl]4 ,cov] ?is hole ) a light piece ( bo>d1 simply laid on1 7n nail$1 = y w ne$ to remove x )\t j>47 ,!n put ! honey bo>d 9 its place ov] ! brood section4 ,let ! hive rema9 until ne> sunset1 = ! bees to get quiet1 & to le>n t !y are )\t a que5 & )\t ! means ( re>+ ano!r4 ,j be=e sunset1 take ! que5 y propose to introduce1 & ) h] a score or m ( work]s1 & put !m 9 a tumbl] ) a piece ( wire clo? ov] ! top to keep !m 94 7,to get h] f ! m9iature hive1 :]e %e 0 re>$1 to ! tumbl]1 take x to a close room1 be=e a w9d[1 s if %e takes w+ %e may alight !re47 ,g to ! hive into :i* %e is to be introduc$1 & remove ! cap1 avoid+ any j> t may irritate ! bees4 ,take (f ! bo>d ov] ! hole 9 ! honey bo>d1 & turn ! tumbl] conta9+ ! que5 bottom up ov] x1 keep+ ! wire clo? betwe5 ! que5 9 ! tumbl] & ! bees 9 ! hive4 ,replace ! cap to ! hive1 & let ! que5 & h] att5dant bees rema9 9 ! tumbl]1 9 communication ) ! bees 9 ! hive ?r\gh ! wire clo?1 until ! next day1 ne> sunset4 ,!n take a teaspoonful ( honey1 g to ! hive1 & remove ! cap1 ?is "t ) ! greate/ possible c>e1 z ! slighte/ j> w endang] success4 ,raise ! tumbl] c>efully f (f ! que51 & ) ! honey sme> h] completely ov]1 !n turn ! wire clo? ov] c>efully1 & let ! que5 & h] att5dant bees d[n ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! honey bo>d1 among ! bees ( ! hive4 ,replace ! cap z quietly z possible1 & ! "w is done4 ,9 ab\t "o week exam9e ! combs ( ?is hive = eggs1 & if !y are f\nd1 y c consid] y\r "w cr[n$ ) success4 ,if no eggs are discov]$1 y mu/ g ov] ! gr\nd aga94 ,b be sure !re are no eggs 9 ! combs be=e y repeat ! "w4 ,?is plan ( introduc+ que5s is ! mo/ successful ( any ,i h ev] te/$4 ,x r>ely fails4 ,:5 a lay+ que5 is remov$ f "o ( ! m9iature hives1 ! bees w usually re> que5s f ! eggs left :5 ! que5 is remov$4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,s\rces ,,( ,,honey4 ,,! s\rces f :i* bees collect honey are v>i\s & almo/ innum]able4 ,almo/ e fl[]1 tree1 plant1 %rub & v9e1 9 field1 =e/1 pa/ure & g>d5 yield honey to "s ext5t4 ,:ite clov]1 is1 p]haps1 ! greate/ s\rce ( honey 9 ! ,new ,engl& & ,middle ,/ates1 x be+ f\nd to a great] or less ext5t 9 almo/ e field & pa/ure4 ,s\? & we/ !re is1 9 _m localities1 a pr(usion ( wild fl[]s1 produc+ consid]able quantities ( honey4 ,9 "s sections buck:eat af=ds a ri* h>ve/4 ,basswood yields a v nice quality ( honey1 & 9 sections :]e x ab\nds1 great quantities are collect$ f x4 ,fruit blossoms--apple1 pe>1 pea*1 & all ! diff]5t v>ieties ( plums1 *]ries1 etc41 are v important s\rces ( honey4 ,poll5 is ! fir/ mat]ial ga!r$ by ! bees 9 e>ly spr+4 ,sev]al v>ieties ( ald]1 will[1 r$ maple1 etc41 produce poll5 9 great abundance4 ,raspb]ry1 blackb]ry1 catnip1 d&elion1 etc41 all contribute l>gely ( honey 9 _! season4 ,corn1 & mo/ k9ds ( gra91 furni% poll5 9 abundance late 9 ! season4 ,mu/>d & sweet clov] are great favorites ) ! busy bee1 yield+ ! mo/ beautiful honey1 cle> z cry/al & :ite z sn[4 ,! sug> maple produces honey ( excell5t quality1 & :]e =e/s ( ?is tree ab\nd1 l>ge quantities ( honey are /or$1 :ile x is 9 blossom 9 e>ly spr+4#aj ,locu/1 :itewood1 mignonette1 gold5 rod1 suma*1 etc41 all produce honey4 ,:5 we take into consid]ation ! fact t ! bee w g sev5 miles or m to collect 8 sweets1 x is easy to und]/& t a c]ta9 numb] ( sw>ms w succe$ 9 almo/ any locality1 ev5 )\t fe$+4 ,to make ?is /ill m cle>1 we h only to take into acc\nt ! va/ numb] ( honey yield+ fl[]s1 trees1 plants1 %rubs1 etc41 )9 a circle ( f\rte5 miles 9 diamet]1 ! hives occupy+ ! c5t]1 & ! bees fly+ to collect honey sev5 miles 9 e direction f ! hive4 ,^? :o h n te/$ ! matt]1 w be likely to dispute ! /atem5t1 t a bee w g sev5 miles to ga!r honey4 ,b on ?is po9t ,i am able to (f] ample pro(1 to e/abli%1 beyond a reasonable d\bt1 ! fact t ! ,italian bee w g t di/ance4 ,! pro( ,i (f] is ?is3 ,! fir/ ,italian bees br\ght into ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 ,i _h ! honor ( receiv+4 ,! ,italian bees be+ entirely di/9ct f ! native or black bees 9 color & size1 ,i det]m9$ to avail myself ( ! opportunity (f]$ to satisfy myself on ! long-disput$ "q--,h[ f> a bee w g to collect honey4 ,i !re=e made close & repeat$ exam9ations1 at diff]5t times dur+ ! honey season1 & x 0 no uncommon occurr5ce1 to f9d ! ,italian work]s sev5 miles f _! hives4 ,z !re 7 no ,italian bees except m9e )9 hundr$s ( miles1 ,i consid]$ ?is positive pro( t t v>iety w travel sev5 miles f its hive 9 its se>* = honey-produc+ fl[]s4 ,z ! native or black bee is1 to "s ext5t1 f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 x is impossible to prove conclusively ! di/ance !y w g f ! hive2 yet my obs]vations give v /rong evid5ce t !y j\rney five miles or m aft] honey4 ,footnote #aj3 ,climate & soil are s v>iable1 x is impossible to give ! s\rces ( honey s z to apply m9utely to e locality4 ,i %all /rive to designate ! pr9cipal s\rces4 ,! bee keep] w v soon le>n f exp]i5ce & obs]vation1 :at are ! pr9cipal s\rces ( honey 9 t p>ticul> locality4 ,_m diff]5t fl[]s1 trees & %rubs are f\nd 9 "o section yield+ honey pr(usely :i* d n exi/ 9 ano!r4 ,:5 ! di/ance a bee w g = honey is s well e/abli%$1 & hav+ f\nd f repeat$ te/s t ! fl[]s1 :5 yield+ honey1 may be visit$ _m times ea* day by ! bee1 & yield at ea* visit a b\ntiful supply1 we c =m "s idea ( ! va/ am\nt ( honey n[ p]mitt$ to g to wa/e1 :i* might be collect$ by bees & /or$ 9 nice boxes1 & ?us add weal? & enjoym5t to ! human family4 ,! bee keep] sometimes f9ds 8 bees idle1 :5 ! fl[]s are 9 bloom 9 pr(usion1 ! sun %9+ brightly1 &1 to ! sup]ficial obs]v]1 ev]y?+ indicat+ honey 9 abundance4 ,& yet ! bees are dormant1 & sc>cely a "o fly+ ab\t ! hives1 not)/&+ ! hives & boxes are full ( !m4 ,! tru? ( ! matt] is1 !re is no honey 9 ! fl[]s1 al?\gh !y are 9 full bloom4 ,! air is dry & cle>4 ,sudd5ly !re is a *ange1 ! atmosph]e becomes moi/ & *>g$ ) electricity1 ) occasionally light %[]s4 ,imm$iately all is activity ab\t ! hives4 ,! greate/ %[ ( indu/ry is manife/$2 scores ( work]s1 & 9 "s cases a hundr$1 com+ into ea* hive e m9ute1 load$ ) honey1 _m ( !m s heavily weight$ t !y fall to ! gr\nd be=e !y rea* ! hive1 :]e !y re/ a mom5t1 & !n try aga91 usually succe$+ 9 ent]+ ) _! load4 ,i h se5 a *ange1 z "h describ$1 br\ght ab\t 9 a half-h\r's "t 9 ! middle ( ! day1 viz3 ,! bees pass f an idle1 almo/ entirely dormant /ate1 to ! greate/ activity & indu/ry4 ,& all because a *ange 9 ! atmosph]e _h caus$ ! fl[]s to secrete honey4 ,! "q arises4 ,h[ did ! bees "k at t p>ticul> h\r !re 0 a *ange1 & t ! fl[]s1 :i* a few m9utes be=e 7 de/itute ( honey1 7 n[ b\ntifully suppli$8 ,i answ]1 ! bee 0 aw>e ( ! *ange almo/ ! mom5t x took place4 ,! bee is v s5sitive to all atmosph]ic *anges4 ,a case 9 po9t w %[ ?is3 ,! bees are collect+ honey abroad 9 ! fields4 ,! day is w>m & balmy4 ,sudd5ly !re is ! appe>ance ( a %[]1 & di/ant ?und] is he>d4 ,imm$iately ! bees came ru%+ 9 f ! fields1 9 cl\ds4 ,!y cov] ! entire front ( _! hives1 9 _! eag]ness to ga9 a %elt] f ! approa*+ ra94 ,aga91 if ! morn+ is cl\dy & d>k1 ) e appe>ance ( ra91 & y f9d ! bees leav+ _! hives = ! fields1 y may be q c]ta9 t ra9 is n ne>1 & may expect soon to see ! sun break =? & ! cl\ds disp]se4 ,if1 on ! o!r h& !re is an appe>ance ( ra91 & ! bees are quiet 9 _! hives1 x is q sure to ra9 9 a v %ort "t4 ,h[ wond]ful are ! work+s ( nature4 ,h[ great ! sagacity ( ! little1 busy bee4 ,:o d>es say t ?is wond]ful little insect does n possess ! p[] ( reasons8 ,b ,i am digress+ f ! subject4 ,bees1 9 _! j\rneys to collect honey1 seldom visit m ?an "o species ( fl[]1 plant or %rub1 at "o excursion2 & ?is is a wise provision ( nature1 = 7 x o!rwise1 & any & all species visit$ promiscu\sly1 ! vegetable _w w\ld be ?r[n into *aos1 by ! f]tiliz+ du/ ( "o species be+ imp>t$ to ano!r1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! bee4 ,poll5 z fa/ z collect$ is deposit$ 9 little basket-l cavities on ! inside ( ! bee's po/]ior legs4 ,x is pack$ 9 little pellets1 v>y+ 9 size f t ( a p9's head to a small pea4 ,9 color x is usually yell[1 b sometimes gre5 or r$4 ,hundr$s ( bees may be se5 ent]+ ! hives ) poll5 at almo/ any "t 9 ! honey season1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! morn+ be=e ! dew is (f ! grass4 ,x is easi] = ! bees to collect x at ?is "t1 z ! moi/ure causes x ! m readily to adh]e to ! cavities ( ! legs4 ,honey :5 collect$ is deposit$ 9 ! /oma* ( ! bee1 9 :i* x is borne to ! hive1 & !re deposit$ 9 cells 9 ! comb4 ,! bee has ! p[] ( rais+ ?is honey f its /oma*1 9 ! same mann] t all rum9at+ animals raise ! cud4 ,"s h cont5d$ t bees cause an injury to all k9ds ( fruit1 su* z apples1 pea*es1 plums1 etc41 by tak+ away ! sub/ance & sweetness1 9 ! =m ( honey1 :i* o!rwise w\ld be absorb$1 & eat5 ) ! fruit4 ,?is is a great mi/ake4 ,! provisions ( nature are wise 9 ?is respect z 9 all o!rs4 ,!re is ! /ronge/ evid5ce to prove t honey1 once secret$ 9 ! cups ( ! t9y blossoms1 nev] returns to ! fl[] or fruit1 b evaporates & passes into ! air4 ,:o1 9 pass+ an apple or pea* or*>d 9 full bloom1 has n notic$ ! delici\s fragrance2 :i* is und\bt$ly honey :i* has evaporat$ f ! myriads ( blossoms4 ,x is v pla9 to ! close obs]v] t nature has plac$ 9 ! cups ( fl[]s ?is honey1 expressly z food = ! honey bee1 & t x is 9 h>mony ) all h] great & wond]ful works4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,location ,,( ,,hives4 ,,9 locat+ y\r hives1 place !m on ! s\? side ( build+s1 or a close bo>d f5ce fac+ s\?1 s\?-ea/ or s\?-we/4 ,if possible1 locate 9 ! %ade ( "s trees1 :]e !y ,w be %ad$ f ! sun f n9e o'clock 9 ! =5oon until "o 9 ! aft]noon1 or a little lat]4 ,if no trees af=d %ade1 arrange a ro( ov] ea* hive1 :i* %all %ade ! entire hive1 & especially ! front1 9 ! summ] season4 ,b 9 spr+ & fall x is bett] to let ! bees h ! full b5efit ( ! sun's rays1 %9+ directly ^u ! hive4 ,con/ruct a sep>ate /& = ea* hive1 z foll[s3 ,cut bo>ds ab\t ?ree feet long1 & joi/s ?ree by six in*es squ>e 7two pieces ( ! latt] two feet long27 nail ! ends ( ! bo>ds to ^! pieces1 s z to =m a /&1 :5 plac$ on ! gr\nd1 ?ree feet long1 two feet wide & six in*es high4 ,?is gives a free circulation ( air b5ea? ! /&4 ,set y\r hive on ?is /&1 ! re> ( ! hive ev5 ) ! re> ( ! /&1 :i* leaves ! /& project+ a foot or m 9 front1 mak+ an admirable place = ! bees to alight be=e ent]+ ! hive4 ,set y\r /&s ?ree feet ap>t1 & make !m p]fectly level be=e plac+ y\r hive ^u !m4 ,place an alight+ bo>d 9 front ( ea* hive4 ,get a bo>d ab\t eighte5 in*es wide & two feet long4 ,nail on "s cleats at ea* end1 to prev5t w>p+4 ,re/ "o edge ( ?is bo>d on ! gr\nd1 ! o!r edge on ! end ( ! plat=m 9 front ( ! hive4 ,by ?is arrangem5t _m bees w be sav$ 9 e>ly spr+ :i* w\ld o!rwise be lo/4 ,by ! old plan ( sett+ ! hives two or ?ree feet high1 ) no alight+ bo>d1 & a free draught ( w9d b5ea?1 ! loss ( bees 0 v great1 especially 9 ! e>ly spr+ mon?s1 on *illy aft]noons foll[+ a v w>m =5oon4 ,! bees1 return+ load$ ) poll51 are unable to rea* a hive plac$ s high1 & are bl[n to ! e>? by ! hundr$s1 & becom+ *ill$1 die4 ,! dea? ( a few bees is a great loss 9 e>ly spr+1 = !y are requir$ 9 keep+ up ! animal heat 9 ! hive to =w>d bre$+4 ,! location ( bees z "h recomm5d$ w be f\nd greatly sup]ior to any o!r1 = o!r reasons ?an ^? m5tion$1 & :i* are too num]\s to h]e9 specify4 ,e "o :o comm5ces bee keep+ %\ld ev] rememb]1 t bees always m>k ! location ( _! hives4 ,! "y bee ! fir/ "t x leaves ! hive inv>iably does ?is4 ,! same is true ) all sw>ms1 9 ! fir/ flight 9 e>ly spr+1 aft] be+ dormant 9 ! hive ?r\gh ! w9t] mon?s4 ,9 m>k+ ! location1 ! bee comes f ! hive1 & at ! entrance rises on ! w+4 ,turn+ its head t[>d ! hive1 x rec$es 9 circles1 backw>d1 at fir/ describ+ a circle s small z to be sc>cely p]ceptible1 b enl>g+ z ! di/ance f ! hive is increas$4 ,!y ?us take into view all objects surr\nd+ ! hive1 s t !y are able to return to _! own hives )\t difficulty4 ,aft] "o or two excursions begun 9 ?is mann]1 ! bee leaves ! hive 9 a direct l9e = ! fields1 )\t tak+ any fur!r precaution :atev]1 & returns by its k ( ! objects 9 ! vic9ity ( ! hives1 )\t difficulty4 ,not)/&+ !re might be a hundr$ hives /&+ 9 a l9e1 ) only a few in*es space betwe5 ea*1 & all ( ! same color & appe>ance1 if left to itself no bee w\ld ent] ! hive ( its neighbor1 al?\gh !re might be hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ! busy work]s1 f all ! hives1 dy+ promiscu\sly ab\t 9 ! air4 ,ea* bee kn[s its own hive p]fectly1 & if f any accid5t x ent]s its neighbor's h\se1 imm$iate dea? is usually ! result2 or possibly x may escape1 aft] be+ r\ghly h&l$1 & made to und]/& t x is trespass+ on =bidd5 gr\nd4 ,"s bee keep]s1 ) little k ( _! occupation1 (t5 remove a hive ( bees sev]al rods1 9 ! work+ season4 ,! result is1 all ! bees t _h m>k$ ! location 7& all ! old bees _h done ?is7 are lo/4 ,!y w\ld cont9ue to leave ! hive 9 a direct l9e1 aft] its removal1 n tak+ ! precaution to m>k ! location1 z !y 7 unaw>e ( ! *ange1 & :5 !y 7 ready to return1 !y w\ld return to ! =m] place4 ,bees may be safely mov$ a doz5 miles or m1 at any "t1 z ?is takes !m beyond _! k ( c\ntry2 b 9 su* cases set ! hives six feet ap>t at lea/4 ,if ?is precaution is n tak5 & ! hives are set close toge!r1 ! bees w ru% f ! hives on be+ let out1 n kn[+ ! location has be5 *ang$1 & :5 !y return1 _m w ent] ! wrong hive1 & be slaught]$ )\t m]cy4 ,!re=e1 let /ocks be plac$1 e>ly 9 ! spr+1 be=e !y h m>k$ ! situation ( ! /&s !y are to occupy = ! summ]1 & n *ange !m aft] ! bees h comm5c$ _! labors--at lea/ *ange !m no less di/ance ?an twelve miles4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,w9t]+ ,,bees4 ,,! subject ( w9t]+ bees is ( ! greate/ importance1 & "o :i* is g5]ally v imp]fectly und]/ood1 if we may judge f ! l>ge numb] ( sw>ms lo/ e w9t] & spr+4 ,!re are _m me?ods recomm5d$ z ! be/ = w9t]+ bees4 ,"o w tell y to keep !m cold2 ano!r to keep !m w>m4 ,"o w say1 put !m 9 ! cell>2 ano!r1 bury !m 9 ! gr\nd2 ano!r put !m 9 ! attic4 ,is x any wond] t ! beg9n] becomes confus$ & disgu/$ at s mu* conflict+ advice8 ,t bees h be5 w9t]$ safely by any & all ( ^! old plans ,i %all n dispute4 ,b ,i am c]ta9 t nei!r plan w1 alone1 prove successful 9 ! majority ( cases4 ,by all ! me?ods h]et(ore recomm5d$1 a l>ge numb] ( bees die f ea* /ock1 dur+ ! w9t]2 s r$uc+ !m 9 numb]s t x takes ne>ly ! entire summ] = !m to rega9 9 numb]s :at !y h lo/2 :ile a v l>ge numb] ( /ocks are lo/ entirely4 ,x w be readily und]/ood t ! great] ! numb] ( bees 9 a hive 9 e>ly spr+1 ! m w>m? w be g5]at$2 consequ5tly ! m rapidly w ! brood mature & ! bees increase 9 numb]s4 ,x is ( ! greate/ importance to h /rong /ocks 9 e>ly spr+ ,?is is "o ( ! /rong po9ts ( ! new sy/em ( managem5t1 taught 9 ?is book4 ,9 ne>ly all ! hives n[ 9 use1 !re is no prop] v5tilation1 consequ5tly ! honey 9 su* hives becomes s\r1 ! comb m\ldy1 & ! bees diseas$4 ,x is impossible1 9 our v>iable climate1 to w9t] bees successfully1 = any numb] ( ye>s1 ) any degree ( c]ta9ty1 9 ! great majority ( ! ord9>y hives4 ,"s1 :o h met ) heavy losses 9 w9t]1 h tak5 ! gr\nd t ! loss 0 caus$ by a poor quality ( honey1 /or$ by ! bees 9 a wet season1 or a l>ge yield late 9 ! fall4 ,b ?is is a great mi/ake4 ,bees w n collect & /ore honey n suit$ to _! use z food2 !y make no mi/akes on ?is po9t4 ,i might discuss 9 detail all ! diff]5t me?ods ( w9t]+ bees1 & %[ ! great losses att5d+ ea*1 ) causes1 etc41 b by s do+ ,i %\ld consume m space ?an ,i c give 9 ?is "w4 ,i %all !re=e conf9e my rem>ks to ord9>y conditions ( bees 9 w9t]1 & ! requisites to insure uni=m success 9 w9t]+4 ,9 ! w9t] bees clu/] z closely toge!r z circum/ances admit1 & ! sev]ity ( ! cold dem&s4 ,! m sev]e ! cold1 ! clos] !y clu/] toge!r1 9 ord] ! bett] to keep up ! animal heat necess>y to ma9ta9 life4 ,by all ! old me?ods1 ! clu/] ( bees is divid$ by ! %eets ( comb1 :i* is a great h9drance to successful w9t]+4 ,9 su* cases ! bees _c clu/] compactly toge!r1 b are spread out betwe5 ! diff]5t %eets ( comb4 ,9 ! ,controllable ,hive1 & on ! plan ( w9t]+ "h recomm5d$1 ! bees 9 v cold wea!r clu/] 9 ! space betwe5 ! wire clo? ( ! v5tilator & ! top ( ! frames ( ! brood section4 ,!y are "h able to keep up ! requir$ am\nt ( animal heat1 z !y c clu/] compactly1 )\t any?+ to sep>ate !m4 ,by ! ord9>y plan1 9 sudd5 turns ( v cold wea!r1 ! bees betwe5 ! out] combs are (t5 froz5 to dea?4 ,oh6 says "s "o1 t's all humbug2 y c't freeze a bee4 ,c]ta9ly y c4 ,to satisfy y\rself ( ?is1 aft] a v cold turn ( wea!r1 look "u y\r box hives1 if y h !m1 or any pat5t hive hav+ a loose bottom bo>d to admit ( an exam9ation1 & see if y d n f9d hundr$s ( bees :i* h fall5 dead f ! outside combs4 ,i h exam9$ hundr$s ( /ocks1 & f\nd !m z "h describ$4 ,if y don't believe a bee w freeze1 take out a doz5 f a hive1 9 a sev]ely cold spell ( wea!r 9 mid-w9t]1 conf9e !m 9 a box1 & set !m out doors1 lett+ !m rema9 only "o night4 ,see if !y are n dead beyond resuscitation1 ! next morn+4 ,?is notion t bees w n freeze is a great mi/ake1 & has l$ to "s v fooli% exp]im5ts 9 w9t]+ !m4 ,a sw>m ( bees ( av]age size1 put 9 prop] condition = w9t]1 w n freeze2 b f ?is x does n foll[ t a bee is pro( aga9/ ! greate/ possible degree ( cold4 ,:5 bees are prep>$ = w9t]1 z h]e9 direct$1 !y w1 z be=e /at$1 clu/] compactly toge!r4 ,& z ! cold increases ! clu/] w contract1 9 accordance ) ! increas+ ( ! cold1 & consequ5tly no loss ( bees occur4 ,ano!r great cause ( loss 9 w9t] is 9 prop] v5tilation1 or no v5tilation at all4 ,e sw>m ( bees ?r[s (f a consid]able am\nt ( moi/ure f _! bodies4 ,9 v cold wea!r1 if ! hive is n prop]ly v5tilat$1 ?is moi/ure collects on ! combs at ! sides & top ( ! hives1 9 ! =m ( fro/ & ice4 ,9 mod]ate wea!r ?is fro/ & ice melts1 & runs d[n into ! hive1 complet+ saturat+ ! bees1 & !n1 if a sudd5 *ange to extremely cold wea!r takes place1 all are de/roy$ by freez+2 or if !y *ance to survive ! w9t]1 ! moi/ure causes ! combs to m\ld1 ! honey becomes s\r1 & ?9 l wat]1 r5d]+ x unsuitable food = ! bee1 & br++ on diseases--dys5t]y1 bee *ol]a1 f\l brood1 etc41 & 9 a %ort "t ! bees are all de/roy$4 ,?\s&s ( good sw>ms are lo/ e w9t] by improp] managem5t1 & f be+ kept 9 hives n suitable = w9t]+4 ,i give directions = w9t]+ on my plan1 9 ,controllable ,hives1 & ,i feel confid5t1 if directions are c>efully foll[$1 t _m /ocks w be sav$ annually1 :i* o!rwise w\ld h p]i%$4 ,h[ to ,w9t] ,bees 9 ,controllable ,hives4 ,bees are w9t]$ 9 ,controllable ,hives on _! summ] /&s1 by my plan1 )\t loss1 by ma9ta9+ an ev5 temp]ature 9 ! brood section1 & dispos+ ( all moi/ure or p]spiration ?r[n (f by ! bees 9 cold wea!r4 ,i h nev] lo/ a sw>m ( bees 9 ,controllable ,hives 9 ! w9t]4 ,i attempt to w9t] none1 except /rong1 heal?y /ocks4 ,i h no m\ldy combs1 no s\r honey4 ,! combs are kept p]fectly dry1 & ! hives 9 a heal?y condition4 ,i d n lose a teacupful ( bees1 on ! av]age1 f ea* ( my hives dur+ ! w9t]4 ,to w9t] 9 ,controllable ,hives1 prep>e z foll[s3 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( /eady cold wea!r1 :i*1 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 is usually ne> ! close ( ,novemb]1 put ! bees 9 condition to w9t] by entirely clos+ ! upp] entrance to ! hive1 & ! l[] "o %ut up ab\t "o-half4#aa ,take out ! box frames at ! sides ( ! brood section1 & put ! movable p>titions 9 place4 ,remove ! boxes & fe$]1 or honey bo>d1 7:i*ev] is 9 place7 f ov] ! brood section4 ,place ! v5tilator 7describ$ else:]e7 ov] ! brood section1 s ! l[] edge ( ! v5tilator1 at ! sides1 w re/ on ! upp] edges ( ! movable p>titions1 on ea* side ( ! brood section4 ,pack ! sides ( ! hive 7t "p occupi$ by ! side boxes 9 summ]17 closely ) v l9e hay or /raw4 ,pack ! cap z full ( ! same matt] z x c be cr[d$4 ,!n put ! ?ickness ( "o or two in*es ov] ! v5tilator1 fill+ up ev5ly1 s :5 ! cap is plac$ ev] ! upp] "p1 ! cap & sides w be compactly fill$4 ,!re mu/ be no spaces left unfill$1 ! object be+ to secure an ev5 temp]ature 9 ! brood section1 & absorb all moi/ure ?r[n (f by ! bees2 & to d ?is successfully1 ! cap & sides mu/ be closely pack$ ?r\gh\t4 ,:5 y h ! cap & sides well pack$1 replace ! cap1 & ! "w is done4 ,%ade ! front ( ! hives dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,no matt] if ! sn[ drifts ov] ! hive s z to completely bury x f sight1 let x rema92--y\r bees are safe4 ,footnote #aa3 ,to secure a slight upw>d draught ( air1 to c>ry (f ! moi/ure aris+ f ! bees1 make a hole a half-in* 9 diamet] 9 front & re> ( ! cap1 9 ! c5t]1 close to ! top or ro( bo>ds4 7,& "h let me say1 ! ro( bo>ds1 or bo>ds cov]+ ! cap1 %\ld project ab\t an in*1 z !y c be m firmly nail$1 & make bett] jo9ts2 = driv+ ra9s mu/ n be all[$ to p5etrate to ! inside ( ! hive47 ,! inside ( ea* hole %\ld be cov]$ ) wire clo?1 to keep out insects1 etc4 ,a neighbor ( m9e _h fifte5 /ocks 9 ,controllable ,hives completely buri$ 9 sn[ ov] six feet deep1 & ! cru/ =m$ ov] !m s x w\ld be> a horse4 ,!y rema9$ "u ! sn[ f ,janu>y until ,april1 :5 !y ?aw$ out1 & e /ock 0 f\nd to be 9 fir/-class ord]4 ,:5 !re is only a small quantity ( sn[ ab\t ! hive1 say only en\gh to cov] ! l[] entrance1 & !re %\ld come a v w>m spell ( wea!r1 :i* w\ld br+ ! bees out1 be sure to cle> away ! sn[ s !y ne$ n be kept back by x4 ,b x w take an exce$+ly w>m day 9 w9t] to r\se ! bees f _! dormant /ate 9 ! ,controllable ,hive1 & br+ !m out = a turn 9 ! op5 air4 ,if ! air is w>m en\gh to induce !m to come out1 x is always w>m en\gh = !m to fly briskly4 ,9 ?is respect !re is a great contra/ betwe5 my hive & o!rs4 ,) o!r hives1 an h\r's w>m sun w br+ out ! bees 9 w9t]1 :5 ! air is cold1 & ! consequ5ce is1 !y fall into ! sn[ & p]i% by hundr$s4 ,9 ?is way /ocks are (t5 r$uc$ 9 numb]s until all are lo/4 ,! dys5t]y g5]ally attacks su* /ocks 7br\ght on by ! sudd5 *anges 9 temp]ature 9 ! hive47 & ha/5s _! de/ruction1 by caus+ !m to leave ! hive1 :5 !y w\ld n d s if 9 a heal?y condition4 ,bees1 :5 w9t]$ 9 ,controllable ,hives z direct$1 w come out 9 ! spr+1 /rong 9 numb]s1 & 9 a heal?y condition--9 great contra/ to ! weak & diseas$ /ocks :i* h be5 w9t]$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,i h p]fect confid5ce 9 ! me?od ( w9t]+ "h recomm5d$1 = ,i h _h x 9 practical use = _m ye>s1 & h nev] lo/ a /ock1 not)/&+ "s w9t]s h be5 v de/ructive to bees 9 ?is section1 "s1 :o practice ! old me?ods1 los+ _! entire /ocks4 ,i le>n f my correspond5ts 9 all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates t !re is great loss ( bees 9 w9t]2 s great 9 fact z to disc\rage _m f attempt+ to engage 9 apiculture4 ,my plan ( w9t]+ is v simple1 & comm5ds itself to e intellig5t p]son4 ,9 a few words x may be express$ ?us3 ,! brood section is secur$ aga9/ ! effects ( sudd5 *anges 9 ! wea!r1 7?is keeps ! bees dormant ?r\gh\t ! w9t] season1 :i* is z nature design$17 & provides = ! absorption ( all moi/ure & p]spiration aris+ f ! bees1 :ite 9 a dormant slate4 ,^! two po9ts are ! f\ndation ( successful w9t]+4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,transf]r+ ,,bees4 ,,z "s ( my read]s may h bees 9 ord9>y hives1 :i* !y w\ld l to transf] to ! ,controllable ,hive1 ,i w devote a *apt] to ,transf]r+4 ,if y h bees 9 a box or pat5t hive1 or any ( ! ?\s& & "o bee hive humbugs1 :i* are ( little or no pr(it1 & cause y mu* tr\ble & p]plexity 9 sw>m+ "t1 & frequ5t & heavy losses 9 w9t]1 y c move !m into ,controllable ,hives--comb1 honey & bees toge!r--& manage !m on ! plan "h recomm5d$1 & !y w w9t] well1 come out /rong & heal?y 9 ! spr+1 & cause comp>atively no tr\ble 9 sw>m+ "t1 yield+ y a good pr(it ye>ly4 ,! be/ "t to transf] is z e>ly 9 spr+ z ! wea!r becomes w>m en\gh to keep ! bees active e day1 :i*1 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 is usually 9 ,april4 ,x is a good "t to transf] ab\t tw5ty-f\r days aft] ! fir/ sw>m issues f a /ock1 z at t "t !re is b little brood1 & usually b few bees4 ,octob] is a v good "t to transf]1 b n z good z ei!r ( ! times be=e m5tion$4 ,great c>e is requir$ to prev5t robb+1 & also to h ! comb frames all fill$ ) combs1 & 9 good position = ! bees to w9t]4 ,z cold wea!r is s close at h&1 ! bees w h b little "t to arrange = w9t]4 ,9 transf]r+1 con/ruct ! ,controllable ,hive z direct$1 ) exception ( ! comb frames1 f :i* leave (f ! triangul> piece1 z ! comb c be bett] fitt$ to a flat surface4 ,make sev]al holes "o-f\r? in* 9 diamet] ?r\gh ! top1 bottom & ends ( frames1 & a l numb] ( %>p wood5 p9s ab\t two in*es long to fit ^! holes4 ,e>ly 9 ! morn+1 be=e ! bees beg9 to fly1 prep>e y\r smok]1 g to ! hive y propose to transf]1 & be=e y t\* x1 smoke ! bees at ! entrances mod]ately1 giv+ !m two or ?ree puffs1 wait+ ab\t a m9ute & giv+ !m two or ?ree m4 ,!n /op ! entrances1 s no bees c escape4 ,take ! hive f ! /& & c>ry x to "s out-build+1 s ! bees f ! o!r hives w n tr\ble y1 & get a ta/e ( ! honey1 !reby incit+ !m to robb]y4 ,turn ! hive bottom up1 & ) two /icks1 ea* ab\t a half-in* 9 diamet] & twelve in*es long1 /rike ! hive lightly half a doz5 times1 & !n wait = two or ?ree m9utes4 ,!n ) ! /icks on ea* side ( ! hive drum briskly 7b lightly1 s n to break ! comb17 = ab\t five m9utes4 ,!n puff smoke "u ! bottom bo>d on all sides4 ,mu* ( ?is prelim9>y "w is = ! purpose ( confus+ ! bees1 & induc+ !m to fill !mselves ) honey f ! cells ( ! hive1 z a bee gorg$ ) honey w nev] volunte] an attack = ! purpose ( /++4 ,! bees are n[ ready to be transf]r$4 ,y w ne$ "s "o to assi/ y1 & x w be necess>y = y to put on y\r articles ( protection1 & keep y\r smok] 9 read9ess = use1 z occasionally a sw>m is b>d to subdue1 ?\gh ! great majority ( !m are p]fectly docile aft] ! treatm5t recomm5d$4 ,b we are to be>d ! lion 9 8 d51 & to be =ew>n$ is to be =e>m$4 ,! bees usually manife/ _! submission by a l\d humm+ noise4 ,if aft] y comm5ce op]ations 7be=e y get ! side ( ! hive (f7 !y %[ a disposition to be cross1 replace ! bottom bo>d1 close ! entrances1 if op51 & give ! insects a good smok+1 at ! entrances1 & by rais+ ! bottom bo>d en\gh to introduce ! smoke2 give !m ! smoke freely = sev]al m9utes4 ,!n aga9 remove ! bottom bo>d4 7,^! directions apply to ! common box hive4 ,if hives ( a diff]5t patt]n are op]at$ ^u1 v>y ! op]ation to con=m to ! requirem5ts ( ! case1 apply+ ! same pr9ciples47 ,!n ) a *isel & hamm] remove "o side ( ! hive 7! side to :i* ! bees h atta*$ ! lea/ comb17 & ) a ?91 %>p table-knife1 cut ! edges ( ! comb f ! sides ( ! hive4 ,x is well to h a table or /& ne> by1 ) a clo? fold$ 9 sev]al ?icknesses1 on :i* to lay ! %eets ( comb ) ! bees adh]+1 if necess>y4 ,! clo? prev5ts cru%+4 ,cut out a comb f ! hive ) ! bees adh]+1 & cut (f ! edges1 if requir$1 s x w fit ! new frame closely at ! top & bottom4 ,no matt] if x does n g ! :ole l5g? ( ! frame f front to re>1 z ! bees w f9i% x4#ab ,h ! comb occupy ! same position1 relatively1 9 ! new hive1 t x did 9 ! old4 ,:5 ! comb is 9 place 9 ! frame1 secure x by putt+ ! wood5 p9s ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! frames into ! combs1 & hav+ fa/5$ x firmly 9 place by means ( ! p9s1 place x 9 ! ,controllable ,hive 9 its prop] position4 ,footnote #ab3 ,b v few hives are l>ge en\gh = _! combs to fill ! movable comb frames ( ! ,controllable ,hive4 ,tims proce$1 till all ! frames ( ! ,controllable ,hive are fill$1 or ! comb 9 ! old hive is exhau/$4 ,9 transf]r+1 v old1 black combs %\ld be disc>d$ ev5 if y d n h y\r new hive m ?an half full4 ,get all ! bees1 x possible1 9 ! new hive1 & :5 y set x on ! /&1 close ! l[] entrance entirely1 & let ! upp] "o rema9 only "o-half op51 = a few days1 until ! bees get well locat$ 9 _! new home4 ,be c>eful n to cru% any ( ! bees1 & take special c>e n to injure ! que54 ,z y w probably complete ! op]ation ( transf]r+ at ab\t ! "t t bees w be fly+ briskly ab\t ! o!r hives1 x w be bett] to put wire clo? ov] ! entrances1 to conf9e ! bees y h transf]r$1 & let !m rema9 9 ! out-build+ until ab\t an h\r be=e sunset2 !n set !m on ! /& & give !m _! lib]ty4 ,keep+ !m %ut up = ! "t nam$1 gives !m a *ance to take up ! honey :i* runs f ! transf]r$ combs1 & :i* might1 if ! bees 7 c>ri$ imm$iately to ! /&1 incite robb+4 ,transf]r+ is by no means s =midable an op]ation z at fir/ appe>s4 ,i h transf]r$ a v l>ge numb] ( sw>ms f ! old box hives1 )\t any protection = h&s or face1 & n[ ! bees seldom %[ any disposition to /+4 ,yet ,i w\ld advise beg9n]s to protect !mselves1 until by practice !y become famili> ) ! "w4 ,practice makes p]fect is an old & true say+1 & x applies to all op]ations ) bees1 ,i assure y4 ,9 my fir/ attempts at ?is "w ,i ?\ght ,i mu/ be protect$1 & ,i w\ld n = ! _w proce$ )\t a protector1 & t ( ! mo/ invuln]able k9d4 ,n[1 hav+ _h mu* practice1 ,i feel no necessity = any cov]+ :atev]4 ,i tru/ ,i h made my me?od ( transf]r+ p]fectly pla91 s t e "o :o wi%es may avail !mselves ( its advantages4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,italian ,,bees4 ,,! ,italian ,bee is a native ( ! ,alps1 & 0 fir/ import$ to ?is c\ntry ab\t ! ye> #ahfj4 ,! ,italian be+ a native ( m\nta9\s regions & a high latitude1 !y 7 report$ to be extremely h>dy & vigor\s4 ,^? :o 7 fir/ to obta9 !m1 7 unanim\s 9 _! praise ( ! ,italian bee1 & fully agre$ t x 0 sup]ior to our native or black bee 9 v _m respects4 ,! good reputation :i* prec$$ ! introduction ( ! bee to ?is c\ntry1 by "t & exp]i5ce 9 _! c>e1 has be5 fully v9dicat$4 ,! pure ,italian bees are sup]ior to ! natives 9 ! foll[+ *>act]i/ics3 ,!y are m h>dy & vigor\s1 )/&+ our sev]e w9t]s1 ) ord9>y c>e1 bett] ?an ! natives2 !y are m indu/ri\s ?an ! native bee1 be+ v active 9 /or+ honey 9 cool1 w9dy1 or cl\dy wea!r1 su* z keeps ! native bees quiet 9 ! hives4 ,! pure ,italian1 be+ l>g] & m vigor\s ?an ! natives1 g great] di/ances to collect honey1 & z !y are l>g]1 !y c>ry m at a "t1 & be+ swift] ( flight ?an ! natives1 !y g ! same di/ance 9 mu* quick] "t4 ,!n1 too1 ! pure ,italian bee is v beautiful1 ne>ly ! entire body be+ ( a gold5 color1 s t "s ( its admir]s h giv5 x ! "n ( gold5 bee4 ,x is v mild 9 disposition1 seldom (f]+ to /+ unless unreasonably irritat$4 ,!y %[ great activity 9 protect+ _! hives f ! bee mo?1 ev5 :5 weak 9 numb]s4 ,!y also %[ ! same trait 9 def5d+ _! /ores f ! attacks ( robb] bees4 ,:5 ! native bees h come buzz+ ar\nd a hive ( ,italians 9 se>* ( plund]1 ,i h se5 an ,italian d>t f ! hive l a bullet1 & seiz+ a native1 :ile on ! w+1 be> him to e>? & dispat* him ) a /+4 ,?is feat ,i nev] saw a native bee accompli%4 ,be+ l>g] ?an ! natives !y are able to rea* ! honey 9 ! r$ clov]1 & _m o!r fl[]s n accessible to our common bees1 :i* makes an ess5tial diff]5ce 9 ! am\nt ( honey collect$4 ,rev4 ,l4 ,l4 ,lang/ro? says ( ! ,italian bees3 ,!y ga!r m ?an twice z mu* honey 9 ! same localities1 9 ! same "t1 z ! sw>ms ( native bees4 ,i consid] ! pure ,italian ,bee a valuable & v desirable acquisition4 ,i h furni%$ sev]al ( my lady fri5ds ) full colonies ( !m 9 ,controllable ,hives1 & !y h express$ !mselves z v mu* pleas$ ) _! g5tle disposition & great beauty4 ,i ?9k ! po9ts ( sup]iority "h designat$ w be f\nd 9 ! pure ,italian bee4 ,v _m1 :o h pur*as$ bees purport+ to be ,italians1 h be5 grossly deceiv$1 hav+ receiv$ simply a native sw>m ( bees1 ! que5 ( :i*1 a pure native1 _h be5 impregnat$ by a drone hav+ a slight t+e ( ,italian blood2 su* /ock 0 b v little1 if any1 bett] ?an a pure native sw>m4 ,i f9d ,i c make an improvem5t1 ev5 9 ! pure ,italian /ock1 by select+ que5s = re>+ to supply my full /ocks & ) eggs & drones1 f su* /ocks z %[ ! sup]ior *>act]i/ics 9 ! fulle/ degree4 ,?is c\rse p]sev]$ 9 = a t]m ( ye>s w %[ m>k$ results 9 ! improvem5t ( ! desirable po9ts ( sup]iority f\nd 9 ! ,italian bee4 ,i take great pride 9 my ,italian bees4 ,i believe !y are z beautiful specim5s ( ?is v>iety z x is possible to produce1 & possess+ ! *>act]i/ics ( sup]iority ( ! ,italians 9 ! fulle/ degree4 ,! po9ts :i* ,i /rive to cultivate & develop fully1 are3 ,indu/ry1 mildness ( disposition1 beauty ( color1 vigor ( con/itution1 etc4 ,i h "h giv5 9 brief my views ( ! ,italian bee1 z ,i receive _m lett]s ( enquiry 9 reg>d to !m4 ,i base my /atem5ts on practical exp]i5ce4 ,i w\ld advise all :o wi% to procure ! ,italian bees1 to ex]cise great c>e 9 select+ !m1 & pur*ase only ( ^? :o are kn[n to h pure /ocks1 = ! be/ is ! *eape/ 9 ! end1 no matt] if ! fir/ co/ seems high4 ,if ! wor? ( ! money is 9 ! bees1 ! high] ! price paid1 ! bett] y w be satisfi$4 ,b d n pay ev5 a l[ price = inf]ior /ock1 = y w n be satisfi$4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,controllable ,hive4 ,fig4 ,i4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,controllable ,,hives4 ,,on ! opposite page is giv5 ,figure ,i4 ( a p]spective view ( ! ,controllable ,bee ,hive1 ) ! measurem5ts ( its ext]ior p>ts4 ,! body ( ! hive is made 9 two p>ts1 ,a & ,b4 ,! l[] edges ( ! upp] "p ,b re/ ^u ! cleats ,c1 atta*$ to ! outside ( ! l[] "p ( ,a1 ne> its upp] edge--z w be se5 by ref]5ce to ,figures ,i4 & ,,ii4 ,! middle bo>d ,d ( ! bottom is loose1 & is held 9 place by hooks ,e4 ,! middle bo>d ,f1 at ! sides ( ! l[] "p ,a1 are loose1 h+$ at _! l[] edges1 & are held 9 place :5 clos$ by ! buttons ,g4 ,9 front ( ! l[] "p ,a1 ne> bo? its l[] & upp] edges1 are =m$ slots1 or bee passages1 ,h4 ,! l[] "p ,a is divid$ longitud9ally into ?ree comp>tm5ts by two movable p>titions4 ,! side comp>tm5ts are design$ to receive ! honey boxes ,j2 & ! c5t] comp>tm5t =ms ! brood section4 ,to ! inn] surfaces ( ! front & re> walls ( ! brood section are atta*$ bo>ds1 =m+ a d\ble ?ickness1 to secure a m ev5 temp]ature1 keep+ out ! heat 9 summ] & ! cold 9 w9t]4 ,! gra9 ( ! inn] bo>d runs crosswise ( ! out] "o to prev5t w>p+4 ,! upp] edges ( ! inn] bo>ds are rebat$ out five-eigh?s in* squ>e inside1 to receive ! ends ( ! comb frames ( ! brood section4 ,illu/ration3 ,controllable ,hive4 ,fig4 ,,ii4 ,figure ,,ii4 is a p]spective view ( ! ,controllable ,hive1 ) ! upp] "p ( ! case remov$1 %[+ ! position ( ! glass honey boxes at ! top1 ) ! fe$] ,t 9 ! re>1 & also %[+ ! position ( ! side boxes ,j1 9 ! l>ge frame ,o4 z %[n m cle>ly 9 ,figure ,,iii4 ,! inn] ends ( ! side boxes ,j1 next to ! brood section1 are =m$ ( bo>ds ,c1 n>r[] ?an ! boxes1 leav+ side spaces1 to all[ ! bees to pass 9 & out freely f ! brood section to ! side boxes4 ,:5 top boxes & fe$] are n on1 a bo>d call$ a honey bo>d is plac$ ov] ! brood section1 fitt+ v closely1 s z to conf9e ! heat1 g5]at$ by ! bees1 to ! brood section4 ,9 w9t] ! brood section is cov]$ by a v5tilator made z foll[s3 ,take a piece ( f9e bo>d "o-half in* ?ick4 ,get out two pieces1 ea* "o in* wide & tw5ty-two & ?ree-eigh?s in*es long1 & two pieces ( same wid? ea* t5 in*es long4 ,nail ! %ort pieces on to ! ends ( ! long pieces1 =m+ a frame n9e in*es wide by tw5ty-two & ?ree-eigh?s in*es long1 inside measurem5t4 ,ov] ?is frame tack a piece ( wire clo? tw5ty-?ree & ?ree-eigh?s in*es long1 by t5 in*es wide1 ( a v f9e me%4 ,?is frame w j fit ov] ! brood section1 & give a space betwe5 ! wire clo? & ! top ( ! comb frames ( ab\t "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*es4 ,tack ! wire clo? on closely1 s no bees c escape :5 ! v5tilator is 9 place4 ,?is v5tilator is to be us$ only 9 w9t]1 z direct$ "u ! *apt] on ,w9t]+4 ,figure ,,iii41 on next page1 is a p]spective view ( a set ( side surplus honey boxes & _! inclos+ frame1 ) measurem5ts ( ! diff]5t p>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,side ,surplus ,honey ,boxes4 ,fig4 ,,iii4 ,! brood section ( ! hive is tw5ty & "o-half in*es long1 n9e in*es wide & twelve in*es deep1 inside measurem5t4 ,! brood section conta9s six movable comb frames1 re/+ on rebat+s1 & held at ! prop] di/ance ap>t at ! bottom by a brace4 ,! only plate :]e ^! frames t\* ! hive1 is :]e ! top b> ( ! comb frames re/s on ! rebat+ at ! ends4 ,to ! top b> ( ea* comb frame 7on ! "u side7 is nail$ a triangul> comb guide to aid 9 secur+ /raight combs4 ,ea* side ( ! triangle is "o in* wide4 ,a piece ( bo>d "o in* wide & ?ree-eigh?s in* ?ick is laid on top ( ! comb frames l5g?wise 9 ! c5tre on ?is piece4 ,! ends ( ! top boxes re/ 9 ! c5t] :]e !y come toge!r4 ,not*es are cut on ! und]side1 crosswise1 to admit ( ! passage ( ! bees4#ac ,footnote #ac3 ,i h ex]cis$ great c>e1 & incurr$ consid]able exp5se1 9 giv+ draw+s ) measurem5ts & directions = con/ruct+ ,controllable ,hives1 glass boxes1 etc41 t su* ( my read]s z wi% may be able to con/ruct ! hives & manage bees accord+ to ! new sy/em z taught 9 ?is "w4 ,i h no "t or desire to e/abli% a bus9ess 9 ! manufacture ( hives1 b if any ( my read]s want a full siz$ ,controllable ,hive1 ready = a sw>m ( bees1 ! bett] to enable !m to make ! ,controllable ,hive1 ,i w furni% !m4 ,price eight doll>s4 ,9 no case w ,i furni% m ?an "o to ! same address4 ,! hive is n pat5t1 s any "o c manufacture & use z _m z !y wi%4 ,!y c make !m at _! home1 especially 9 ! w9t] season1 mu* *eap] ?an ,i c furni% !m4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( hives use ! be/ dry p9e lumb]1 free f ,haws or cracks1 & put on a good coat ( pa9t to protect f ! wea!r4 ,z ! hives are to rema9 9 ! op5 air ! ye> r\nd1 ! be/ ( lumb] is requir$1 & t to be well protect$ ) a heavy coat ( ! mo/ durable pa9t4 ,make close-fitt+ jo9ts & nail ?or\ghly4 ,^! hives1 if prop]ly con/ruct$ ( s\nd lumb]1 w la/ _m ye>s4 ,i h _h ! same hive on "o /& incessantly = six ye>s1 & at ! end ( t "t x is z good1 to all appe>ances1 z :5 fir/ put !re4 ,all :o desire to con/ruct ,controllable ,hives1 & adopt ! plan ( bee managem5t recomm5d$ 9 ?is book1 c d s freely1 z !re is no pat5t on ! hive1 or any ( its p>ts or fixtures4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,mon?ly ,,duties4 ,,! successful managem5t & c>e ( bees requires =e?\ght & prep>ation = all labor & c>e be/[$ ^u !m1 if we desire to be/[ x at ! prop] "t1 & 9 ! mo/ judici\s mann]4 ,i h 9 ?is *apt] giv5 only brief h9ts z to ! "w to be p]=m$4 ,su* ( my read]s z are locat$ 9 a climate ess5tially diff]+ f t ( ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 w p]ceive ! necessity ( v>y+ _! managem5t to correspond ) ! diff]5ce 9 climate1 etc4 ,i %all repeat "s ( ! /atem5ts already made1 9 ord] to impress !m m ?or\ghly ^u ! bee keep]4 ,! object ( ?is *apt] is to br+ to ! m9d ( ! bee keep] ! m important duties requir$ 9 ! successful use ( ! sy/em recomm5d$ 9 ?is "w4 ,,janu>y4 ,we w comm5ce ) ,janu>y z x is ! fir/ mon? 9 ! ye>4 ,9 ?is mon? con/ruct hives1 glass honey boxes1 etc4 ,give ! new hives a good coat ( pa9t4 ,!y w la/ long]1 & z !y are to rema9 out ( doors ! ye> ar\nd1 x is v ess5tial t !y be pres]v$ aga9/ ! wea!r4 ,a good1 heavy coat ( pa9t1 spread ov] good lumb]1 w prev5t crack+ & w>p+4 ,employ ! "t1 9 ?is mon? ( comp>ative leisure1 9 gett+ ev]y?+ 9 read9ess = ! approa*+ honey season4 ,,febru>y4 ,febru>y l ,janu>y is n a busy mon? ) bees 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 nei!r d !y require mu* c>e4 ,if n f9i%$ la/ mon?1 cont9ue ! "w ( ,janu>y by mak+ hives1 glass honey boxes1 & all fixtures requir$ 9 ! managem5t ( ! bees 9 ! com+ season4 ,9 "s sections bees w fly briskly ! la/ ( ! mon?4 ,cle> away ! sn[ f ! foot ( ! hives at t "t4 ,set out meal fe$ = ! bees1 provid$ !y fly briskly4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is mon?1 cle> ! sn[ away f ! front ( hives2 raise ! hives up on blocks at ! corn]s1 remove ! bottom bo>d "u ! brood section1 & bru% out all accumulations1 :i* might invite ! bee mo? to deposit h] eggs1 if suff]$ to rema9 ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,?is accompli%$1 set ! hive back 9 its place4 ,! fir/ day t ! bees fly1 set out ! meal z h]et(ore direct$4 ,comm5ce to fe$ liquid fe$ z e>ly z ! bees w take x4 ,fe$ regul>ly e day1 or e o!r day1 at ev5+4 ,:5 y comm5ce to fe$1 remove ! pack+ f ! cap1 & also take (f ! v5tilator4 ,! space ov] ! comb frames n cov]$ ) ! fe$]1 cov] ) a small honey bo>d4 ,let ! pack+ rema9 at ! sides until y h put on ! side boxes1 or until "s "t 9 ,may1 z x keeps ! brood *amb] w>m1 :i* is ess5tial 9 =w>d+ bre$+4 ,op5 a small portion ( ! upp] entrance 7ab\t "o-?ird7 & keep ! passage op5 at ! bottom1 ! same z dur+ ! w9t]4 ,,april4 ,e>ly 9 ,april--! fir/ w>m1 sunny day--exam9e y\r /ocks1 & see if !y h f]tile1 lay+ que5s4 ,if ! que5 is all "r1 !re w be eggs & brood 9 ! brood cells4 ,don't keep ! hives op5 any long] ?an is necess>y1 z ! cold air might *ill ! brood4 ,at ?is "t1 if "s /ocks h a l>ge am\nt ( honey 9 ! combs ( ! brood section1 ex*ange su* ) "s /ock t has b little2 z x is a disadvantage to h too-mu* seal$ honey 9 ! brood combs 9 ! spr+4 ,x sometimes happ5s t all ! brood combs w be fill$ ) seal$ honey ne>ly d[n to ! bottom1 leav+ b a v small place en two or ?ree combs ne> ! bottom = bre$+ purposes4 ,9 su* cases1 take out two or ?ree combs1 & ex*ange ) o!r /ocks hav+ empty combs1 leav+ 9 ea* su* z h brood & eggs1 9 e /ock4 ,don't take out any bees4 ,9 ?is mann] equalize y\r /ocks1 & all w be b5efit$4 ,if any /ocks are f\nd que5less1 or ) diseas$ or wor?less que5s1 take means to furni% !m ) a f]tile1 lay+ que51 z soon z possible4 ,9 ! meantime1 keep ! entrances to su* hives contract$ v small1 s b v few bees c pass at "o "t1 to prev5t attacks f robb]s4 ,que5less /ocks1 or ^? :i* h diseas$ or drone-lay+ que5s1 w n resi/ an attack f robb] bees ) z mu* vigor z a /ock hav+ a f]tile & prolific que54 ,,may4 ,if surplus honey is y\r object ! com+ season1 e>ly 9 ?is mon? put on ! boxes at ! sides1 & ! la/ ( ! mon?1 or z soon z ! bees comm5ce "w 9 ! side boxes1 remove ! small honey bo>d ov] ! brood section1 & put on ! top boxes1 except at ! place occupi$ by ! fe$]4 ,x may be well to fe$ lib]ally = ab\t t5 days be=e fruit blossoms appe>1 9 ord] to get ! bees at "w 9 ! boxes4 ,y c judge :at is be/4 ,if ! /ocks are backw>d 9 bre$+1 ! comb n fill$ ) eggs & brood 9 ne>ly e "p1 x w be be/ to def] lib]al fe$+ until a little lat]4 ,y %\ld h _h ! brood combs fill$ ) brood & eggs1 be=e lib]al fe$+ is begun1 else ! bees w fill ) honey :at %\ld be fill$ ) eggs & brood2 & ?us ! numb] ( bees w be r$uc$ f :at !re w\ld be if ! que5 deposit$ eggs 9 all ! cells4 ,y want all ! bees possible to ga!r ! honey h>ve/ ( ,june1 ,july1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,if y want sw>ms1 don't put on any boxes4 ,ab\t ! "t fruit blossoms appe>1 or a little be=e1 op5 bo? entrances to _! full ext5t1 9 all /rong & heal?y /ocks4 ,,june4 ,?is is ! mon? = sw>ms4 ,x is also ! mon?1 9 mo/ localities1 :5 ! be/ quality ( box honey is1 collect$4 ,if y h arrang$ = sw>ms to appe> ?is mon?1 h ev]y?+ 9 read9ess = !m4 ,if y are arrang+ = surplus honey1 remove ! boxes z fa/ z fill$1 & replace ) empty ones4 ,hive ! sw>ms z soon z clu/]$4 ,be sure n to let !m rema9 9 ! hot sun = any l5g? ( "t4 ,h y\r hives all ready4 ,?is mon? is a good "t to re> que5s 9 ! m9iature hives4 ,keep ! grass & we$s ab\t ! hives cut d[n4 ,!y h>bor ! mo? mill]1 :5 suff]$ to gr[ ab\t ! hives4 ,,july4 ,cont9ue to take (f boxes z fa/ z fill$4 ,keep a %>p look\t t ! mo? worms d n get 9 & injure ! honey 9 ! boxes :i* y h remov$4 ,if ! supply ( honey fails :5 ! boxes are only p>tially fill$1 fe$ ! bees lib]ally1 until ! boxes are f9i%$4 ,d ?is z soon z honey fails1 z ! bees w /ore fa/] 9 boxes if f$ z soon z ! natural supply ( honey ceases4 ,x w be well to put on a few boxes--say1 "o side to ea* new sw>m :i* has be5 hiv$ e>ly2 & also on old /ocks t sw>m$ e>ly4 ,put ! boxes on "o side fir/2 !n if ! bees g to "w 9 !m1 put 9 ! o!r side4 ,,augu/4 ,if y h a m>ket ne> home1 ! surplus honey 9 glass boxes w sell v well ! la/ ( ?is mon?1 be=e honey is br\ght f away2 b if y are to %ip a great di/ance1 ! wea!r w be too w>m 9 ?is mon?4 ,keep a close wat* t ! boxes y h tak5 (f d rot get wormy4 ,et]nal vigilance is ! price ( success4 ,keep boxes on y\r hives ?r\gh ?is mon? & next1 = surplus honey4 ,keep d[n ! grass & we$s ab\t ! hives4 ,,septemb]4 ,9 "s localities ,septemb] gives a v good yield ( honey4 ,i recollect "o season 9 p>ticul>1 s9ce ,i adopt$ my pres5t sy/em ( bee managem5t1 :5 ! yield ( box honey 9 ,septemb] 0 v rem>kable4 ,"s ( my hives ( bees fill$ _! full set ( boxes almo/ entirely 9 a few days4 ,i ?9k t x 0 9 consid]ably less ?an two weeks1 t !y f9i%$ !m up1 & !y _h only a light />t--a few small pieces ( comb 9 "s ( ! boxes1 & 9 ! o!rs none at all4 ,fe$ at ! la/ ( ?is mon?1 to complete all p>tially fill$ boxes1 & at ! v la/ ( ! mon?1 or fir/ ( ,octob]1 fe$ su* sw>ms z may be defici5t ( /ores = w9t]1 if y pref] to d ?is r ?an to equalize by ex*ange ( comb frames1 z direct$ 9 ano!r place4 ,if y decide to ?us equalize1 d x ! la/ ( ,octob] or ! fir/ ( ,novemb]4 ,,octob]4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is mon?1 cont9ue to fe$ su* /ocks1 if any1 z are %ort ( honey1 yet are suppli$ ) a good am\nt ( comb 9 :i* to /ore honey4 ,z ! yield ( honey f fl[]s closes ?is mon?1 at its end remove all boxes f ! hives4 ,su* z are p>tially fill$ ) comb or honey may be set 9 a cold1 dry place1 & rema9 = use ano!r ye>4 ,if plac$ :]e !y w freeze1 & !n seal$ up c>efully1 s ! mo? mill] _c get 91 !y w be 9 good condition :5 want$ next season4 ,boxes t h comb ab\t a ?ird full or ev5 less1 are f9i%$ v quickly by ! bees4 ,be sure to keep all su* boxes = ! next season4 ,y probably h a few que5s 9 y\r m9iature hives4 ,look ov] y\r /ocks1 & if any are f\nd que5less1 or ) diseas$ que5s1 give !m a new & prolific "o4 ,,novemb]4 ,! fir/ ( ,novemb]1 if n already done1 ex*ange comb frames1 f /ocks defici5t 9 /ores to w9t]1 ) su* z c sp>e a frame ( honey4 ,d ?is until all h /ores suffici5t = w9t]4 ,tw5ty p\nds ( honey w r5d] !m safe until y beg9 to fe$ 9 ! spr+4 ,f ! middle to ! la/ ( ,novemb] is usually ! "t to prep>e ! hives = w9t]1 by pack+ ) hay or /raw1 z direct$ 9 ano!r place4 ,?is %\ld n be done until a few days be=e /eady cold wea!r sets 94 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ n to put x (f until x is too cold2 nei!r %\ld x be done too e>ly4 ,be sure to pack ?or\ghly4 ,success 9 w9t]+ dep5ds 9 a great degree ^u ?or\gh "w 9 pack+ ! hives4 ,,decemb]4 ,9 ?is mon? procure y\r lumb] & all mat]ial = mak+ hives1 boxes1 etc41 to be work$ up dur+ ! w9t]4 ,if !re are small villages or l>ge cities ne> by1 y w f9d ?is mon? a good "t to m>ket y\r honey1 if y h any on h&4 ,) a little ef=t1 y c h ready cu/om]s = y\r goods1 or at lea/ a portion ( x4 ,honey 9 glass boxes is 9 su* nice %ape1 t any "o :o likes a f9e article1 w pay a lib]al price = x1 aft] !y h once te/$ its quality4 ,9 a few ye>s y w h e/abli%$ a trade ) ready cu/om]s1 ne> home1 at remun]ative prices4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,conclusion4 ,,we (t5 he> ?is "q ask$3 ,are bees ,pr(itable8 & ! replies giv5 are v>i\s1 contradictory & amus+1 v>y+ 9 accordance ) ! hone/y1 exp]i5ce1 skill & success ( ! bee keep]4 ,su* z h attempt$ bee keep+ ) ! old fa%ion$ squ>e box hives1 "u ! old sy/em ( managem5t bas$ on fire & brim/one1 w say !re is no pr(it 9 bees1 & t y mu/ n mole/ !m at all2 if y d1 !y w run out1 & y w loose y\r luck4 ,!re is ano!r class1 :o h adopt$ all ! extravagant fancies ( ! pat5t bee hive v5d]s1 pay+ l>ge sums ( money = hives worse ?an useless1 ) :at are claim$ to be pat5t fixtures--expect+ a sudd5 =tune z ! result1 & f\nd ! :ole ?+ a fraud4 ,p]haps !y h be5 dup$ 9 ?is way a half-doz5 times or m1 & always ) ! same result4 ,?is class w tell y emphatically1 t ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to bees is a humbug & a *eat--no money 9 !m1 etc4 ,9 pres5t+ ! /atem5ts made 9 ?is "w1 ,i am n bl9d$ nor influ5c$ by any selfi% motive1 9 condemn+ or recomm5d+ any "o sy/em ( bee managem5t or hive4 ,i only wi% to pres5t facts1 & d :at little ,i c to make bee keep+ safe & pr(itable to all :o engage 9 x4 ,!re is mu* writt5 on ! subject ( bees--_! habits & managem5t1 con/ruction ( hives1 etc41 :i* is m]e guess-"w4 ,a great deal is writt51 too1 = no o!r ?an selfi% or prejudic$ motives4 ,:at is want$ is practical in/ruction on ! subject--su* in/ruction & /atem5ts z are bas$ on exp]i5ce1 & w /& ! te/ ( application1 :5 br\ght into active1 e-day use4 ,! real1 practical exp]i5ce ( ! bee keep]1 :o has devot$ _m ye>s to ! "w1 & w tell :at has come "u 8 or h] p]sonal obs]vation1 is wor? mu* m ?an ! f9e/ spun !ory ( ! mo/ le>n$ & tal5t$ !ori/2 or 9 o!r words1 m]e conjecture is a poor & unc]ta9 guide 9 bee keep+4 ,x is an old b true say+ t ,practice makes ,p]fect4 ,9 no bus9ess w ?is say+ apply m closely or ) great] =ce ?an to bee keep+4 ,t bees are pr(itable :5 rightly manag$1 ,i ?9k ,i h %[n 9 ?is little "w2 & t !y c be ( no pr(it1 z (t5 manag$1 ,i ?9k is equally made cle>4 ,! natural habits ( bees h n be5 suffici5tly und]/ood1 by ! majority ( bee keep]s4 ,?is has r5d]$ !m an easy prey to ! _m speculators 9 bee hives ( peculi> %ape & con/ruction1 :o are con/antly urg+ _! claims to possess+ great k ( bees1 :5 p]haps !y nev] saw a bee2 & c>e n "o /raw = ! advancem5t ( successful bee culture4 ,i f9d1 ) ! great majority ( hives n[ 9 use1 !re are _m ob/acles to successful & pr(itable bee keep+4 ,!re is too little room = /or+ box honey 9 !m4 ,boxes are (t5 difficult ( access to ! bees1 s t !y manife/ mu* reluctance ab\t ent]+ !m1 (t5 clu/]+ on ! outside ( ! hive ?r\gh ! honey season1 :5 !y %\ld be at "w 9 ! boxes4 ,!n1 too1 ! boxes are usually too l>ge1 :i* r5d]s ! honey unsalable4 ,honey 9 l>ge boxes (t5 conta9s cells ( brood1 & bee bread1 or poll51 int]sp]s$ among ! honey cells1 :i* are a great damage to x1 r5d]+ x v unsalable4 ,glass boxes1 ea* hold+ ab\t f\r & "o-half p\nds1 is ! prop] size4 ,a sw>m ( bees 9 a hive ) ?irty ( ^! boxes1 judici\sly arrang$1 w fill !m ne>ly z quickly z !y w\ld half ! numb]1 z ! bees h ample room to "w )\t cr[d+4 ,!re are a va/ numb] ( bee keep]s :o n[ h bees :i* are ( no pr(it to !m1 b in/ead are only a p]plexity & tr\ble4 ,if su* w\ld manage _! bees on correct & sci5tific pr9ciples1 9 accordance ) _! natural habits & in/9cts1 ) judici\s c>e & att5tion be/[$ at ! "r "t1 & 9 ! prop] mann]1 us+ a hive con/ruct$ 9 accordance ) ^? pr9ciples1 !y w\ld be surpris$ at ! results :i* w\ld foll[4 ,to succe$ ) bees1 we %\ld recollect t p]sonal exp]i5ce is ! be/ guide2 & next to ?is is ! in/ruction ( ^? engag$ 9 ! bus9ess1 :o prove by ! results :i* foll[ _! managem5t1 t !y make bee culture pr(itable4 ,9 comm5c+ bee keep+1 if y pur*ase bees1 use great c>e 9 do+ s4 ,buy none b /rong1 heal?y /ocks4 ,if y pur*ase 9 box hives or pat5t hives1 y w be v likely1 if n acqua9t$ ) bees1 or unless pur*as+ ( "s reliable p]son1 to get diseas$ /ocks2 & aga91 a p]son :o keeps bees by ! ord9>y me?ods1 is v likely to h diseas$ /ocks :i* he ?9ks are all "r4 ,s1 great c>e is necess>y 9 buy+ y\r outfit to comm5ce bee keep+4 ,diseas$ /ocks are de> at any price4 ,y want ! v be/ to />t )1 if y c possibly get !m4 ,be sure to get su* /ocks z h "y que5s1 = if ! /ock has a que5 f\r ye>s old or m1 7& !y are likely to be t old 9 box or pat5t hives1 "u ord9>y managem5t17 su* a que5 is liable to fail at any "t1 & loss ( ! /ock foll[s4 ,9 comm5c+ to keep bees1 if possible />t ) good1 /rong1 heal?y /ocks1 9 ! "r k9d ( a hive2 !n y w h no difficulty 9 *ang+ !m4 ,b if ?is _c possibly be done1 be sure to />t ) /rong1 heal?y /ocks4 ,if y mu/ take second-class hives1 ( ?is class ! pla9 movable comb & box hives are be/4 ,b be sure to let ! pat5t hives entirely alone2 !y are a curse to ! bee-keep]4 ,if y get y\r bees 9 second-class hives1 transf] !m to ,controllable ,hives1 or z fa/ z !y sw>m put !m 9 ,controllable ,hives4 ,9 ?is way y w soon h y\r bees 9 %ape to pay y a good pr(it4 ,:5 y beg9 keep+ bees1 /udy closely _! natural habits & requirem5ts4 ,give !m su* c>e & att5tion z y\r judgem5t & pres5t k tea*es !y require4 ,p]sev]e1 & ultimate success is c]ta94 ,e "o :o atta9s success ) bees1 w f9d t !re is some?+ m to be done1 ?an simply to /& ) fold$ h&s1 ) ! expectation t a =tune mu/ inevitably foll[4 ,"k ! precise condition ( y\r bees at all times--:e!r !y are weak or /rong1 :e!r !y are )\t a que51 or :e!r ! que5 has become s old z to h pass$ h] usefulness4 ,aft] a p]iod ( ye>s1 que5s become b>r51 & unless !y are remov$1 & a "y que5 sub/itut$1 ! bees w rapidly decl9e 9 numb]s1 & all disappe> f ! hive 9 a few weeks or mon?s4 ,x _c be too /rongly urg$ ^u ! beg9n]1 ?is great necessity ( secur+ /rong1 heal?y /ocks to beg9 )2 & if possible1 get !m 9 ! ,controllable ,hives4 ,all :o d n fully und]/& ! managem5t & nature ( bees w\ld save !mselves mu* tr\ble & p]plexity1 by procur+1 to beg9 )1 "o or m heal?y colonics 9 ! ,controllable ,hive4 ,y\r *ances ( success 9 ! end1 & y\r pr(its ( ! fir/ season1 are great] f "o sw>m 9 ?is hive1 ?an f six 9 second-class hives4 ,if y pur*ase bees 9 inf]ior hives1 y w ne$ to ex]cise great c>e t !y are n diseas$4 ,!re is n "o box or pat5t hive 9 fifty 7z ord9>ily manag$7 b t is deceas$4 ,!y are ei!r badly infe/$ ) ! bee mo?1 h old1 m\ldy black combs1 an old & diseas$ que51 or are 9 "s way diseas$4 ,no matt] h[ l[ ! price paid = su* /ocks1 !y w be f\nd exp5sive4 ,be sure to get none b ! be/ to comm5ce )2 !y are ! *eape/ 9 ! end4 ,i might illu/rate ?is ) _m cases t h come "u my obs]vation4 ,"o or two ,i w m5tion3 ,a g5tlem5 9 ,connecticut ord]$ ( me a sw>m ( ,italian bees 9 ! ,controllable ,hive1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahhj1 = :i* he paid me tw5ty doll>s4 ,he wrote me 9 ,june t !y 7 do+ f9ely1 & t he nev] saw bees "w s well--!y 7 at "w 9 all ! boxes1 "s ( !m be+ ne>ly fill$ ) honey1 & all ! combs be+ fill$ ) bees at "w /or+2 & f appe>ances he %\ld get a l>ge am\nt ( surplus box honey f !m4 ,ano!r g5tleman wrote me1 almo/ ! same "t1 ask+ my price = a sw>m ( ,italian bees1 & :5 in=m$ t x 0 tw5ty doll>s1 he wrote me t z he c\ld get ! ,italian bees ne>] 8 home = t5 doll>s1 he w\ld n ord] ( me1 b w\ld inve/ 8 tw5ty doll>s & get two sw>ms in/ead ( "o4 ,he has s9ce writt5 me t "o ( ! sw>ms = :i* he paid t5 doll>s he has lo/ outright1 leav+ him only a mass ( mo? worms 9 old & m\ldy black combs4 ,! o!r has prov$ to be que5less1 & has caus$ him m tr\ble & p]plexity ?an x is wor?1 to say ! lea/4 ,!re is n[ n ov] a p9t ( bees 9 ! hive1 b he has put 9 a que5 & hopes to save !m f total loss4 ,i "k ( ano!r case :]e a g5tleman b\ght six sw>ms ( bees 9 box hives4 ,!y 7 v heavy & he ?\ght ( c\rse !y 7 all "r4 ,he knew no?+ ( ! diseases ( bees1 & suppos$ if !y 7 heavy1 & _h honey en\gh1 t 0 all t 0 necess>y4 ,he b\ght !m 9 ! fall at a v l[ price1 & 0 mu* elat$ ov] 8 pur*ase4 ,five ( ! six sw>ms di$ dur+ ! w9t]1 & ! rema9+ "o came out 9 ! spr+ s weak z to be no pr(it :atev] ! next season2 & ! next w9t] t also di$4 ,x is an e/abli%$ fact t to succe$ well ) bees !y mu/ be kept 9 hives suit$ to _! habits & requirem5ts1 & ) ! view ( r5d]+ !m pr(itable4 ,su* is ! ,controllable ,hive4 ,& !y mu/ be manag$ on pr9ciples 9 accordance ) nature's laws1 & ! in/9cts & habits ( ! honey bee4 ,su* is ! new sy/em recomm5d$ 9 ?is book--,bee ,keep+ ,r$uc$ to a ,sci5ce2 no luck1 no guess-"w1 no *ance ab\t x4 ,tru/+ t ?is little "w may be ! means ( greatly increas+ ! pr(its ( bees1 ,i br+ x to a close4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,m9or typos h be5 correct$4 ,! upp] corn] ( pages #he & #hf 7back-to-back pages7 0 torn (f4 ,! miss+ text 0 obta9$ f ano!r copy ( ! publication4 ,! cov] images 7 compil$ f images made available by ! ,int]net ,ar*ive & plac$ 9 ! ,public ,doma94