,,t5 ,,essays ,,on ,,zionism ,,& ,,judaism ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by ,/4 ,/eph5's ,pr9t+ ,works1 ,bri/ol1 ,engl&4 ,,t5 ,,essays ,,on ,,zionism ,,& ,,judaism ,,by ,,a*ad ,,ha-,,am ,,translat$ ,,f ,,! ,,hebrew ,,by ,,leon ,,simon ,au?or ( ,/udies 9 ,jewi% ,nationalism ,,london ,,george ,,r\tl$ge ,,sons1 ,,ltd4 ,,broadway ,,h\se1 #fh-gd1 ,,c>t] ,,lane1 ,e4,c4 #aibb ,,cont5ts ,,translator',s ,,introduction vii ,,! ,,wrong ,,way 7#ahhi7 #a ,,! ,,fir/ ,,zioni/ ,,congress 7#ahig7 #be ,,! ,,jewi% ,,/ate ,,& ,,! ,,jewi% ,,problem 7#ahig7 #cb ,,p9sk] ,,& ,,political ,,zionism 7#aijb7 #ef ,,! ,,"t ,,has ,,come 7#aijf7 #ia 8,,:5 ,,messiah ,,comes0 7#aijg7 #aad ,a ,,spiritual ,,c5tre 7#aijg7 #abj ,,summa ,,summ>um 7#aiab7 #acj ,,! ,,supremacy ,,( ,,reason 7#aijd7 #afb ,,judaism ,,& ,,! ,,gospels 7#aiaj7 #bbc ,,index #bed ,,translator',s ,,introduction ,! pres5t volume ( translations f ! ,hebrew ( ,a*ad ,ha-,am#a diff]s 9 "* f ! volume ( ,select$ ,essays publi%$ 9 #aiab by ! ,jewi% ,publication ,society ( ,am]ica4 ,! e>li] selection 0 conf9$1 by ! express desire ( ! publi%+ ,society1 to essays deal+ ) ! broad] aspects ( ,judaism & ,jewi% ?\ght2 essays ( a m polemical "*1 9 :i* ! au?or has def9$ 8 attitude to ! mod]n ,jewi% national movem5t1 7 design$ly omitt$4 ,( ! t5 fur!r essays includ$ 9 ! pres5t selection1 only two belong to ! =m] category1 & ^! h be5 plac$1 out ( _! *ronological ord]1 at ! end4 ,! o!r eight essays all deal ) "o aspect or ano!r ( ,zionism1 & !y =m a s]ies :i* w enable ! ,engli% read] :o is int]e/$ 9 ! ,zioni/ movem5t to foll[ its hi/ory "u ! guidance ( "o :o is at ! same "t among its /aun*e/ pill>s & its mo/ unsp>+ critics4 ,! fir/#b ( ! eight--:i* is also ! fir/ essay writt5 by ,a*ad ,ha-,am--belongs to ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,jewi% national movem5t1 :5 ! ,zioni/ ,organisation 0 unborn1 & ! v "n 8,zionism0 un9v5t$4 ,! la/ ( ! eight--& ! mo/ rec5t ( ,a*ad ,ha-,am's essays1 = ! w> & ill-heal? h made him sil5t ( rec5t ye>s--records 8 impressions ( ! practical results a*iev$ by ,zionism 9 ,pale/9e up to #aiaa4 ,z ! backgr\nd ( ^! essays is = ! mo/ "p unfamili> to ,engli% read]s1 x w n be out ( place to give "h a brief sket* ( ! phases ?r\gh :i* ! ,zioni/ movem5t has pass$1 9 s f> z t is necess>y = a prop] und]/&+ ( ! criticisms & allusions 9 ! essays !mselves4 ,! fir/ organis$ =m ( ,zionism took %ape 9 ,russia "u ! /ress ( ! pogroms ( #ahhj-ha4 ,^? pogroms1 foll[+ a p]iod dur+ :i* ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t _h seem$ to be work+ s9c]ely t[>ds ! emancipation ( ! ,jews1 & !mselves foll[$ by a :ole code ( re/rictive legislation kn[n z ! ,may ,laws1 awoke into a blaze ! national s5tim5t :i* _h slumb]$ b _h n di$ 9 ! ,russian ,ghetto4 ,!y reveal$ ! evils ( galu?--exile1 life outside ,pale/9e--9 all _! hide\sness1 & turn$ m5's m9ds to ! active accompli%m5t ( t escape f galu? = :i* dur+ _m c5turies ! ,jew _h only pray$4 ,*ibba? ,zion 7,love ( ,zion7 became an organis$ movem5t1 & ?r\gh\t ,russia gr\ps ( ,*ovev ,zion 7,lov]s ( ,zion7 began to "w = ! settlem5t ( ,jews on ! l& 9 ,pale/9e4 ,at ! head ( ! movem5t /ood ,dr4 ,leo ,p9sk]1 :o 9 8 pamphlet ,auto-,emancipation _h outl9$ an ambiti\s s*eme = ! emigration ( ,jews en masse to "s t]ritory 7n necess>ily ,pale/9e7 :]e !y c\ld be _! own ma/]s4 ,8 proposal f\nd no response among ! emancipat$ ,we/]n ,jews1 to :om x 0 address$2 & z its realisation 0 obvi\sly beyond ! p[] ( ! oppress$ & p]secut$ ,russian ,jews1 its au?or turn$ to ,*ibba? ,zion z ! only means op5 to him ( work+ = a national reg5]ation ( ,jewry4 ,ev5ts soon %[$ t ,*ibba? ,zion 0 z yet unable to a*ieve s l>ge an aim4 ,! difficulties 9 ! way ( settl+ ,jews on ! l& 9 ,pale/9e 7 enorm\s1 & ! res\rces ( ! ,*ovev ,zion 7 pa9fully limit$4 ,! national s5tim5t 0 n suffici5tly alive 9 ! ,jewi% masses to induce l>ge numb]s ( !m to brave ! h>d%ips & privations ( life 9 ,pale/9e = ! sake ( a national ideal4 ,any ,jew ^: prim>y object 0 to escape f pogroms & ,may ,laws & to bett] 8 individual position w\ld naturally pref] "s c\ntry1 l ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e economic life 0 already develop$4 ,! ,*ovev ,zion attempt$1 r unwisely1 to make ,pale/9e attractive to ! less ideali/ically m9d$ by exagg]at+ ! possibilities ( individual self-advancem5t :i* x held out4 ,! natural result 0 disappo9tm5t & disillusion2 & ! ,pale/9ian agricultural settlem5ts 7or colonies1 z !y are g5]ally call$7 w\ld h fad$ away altoge!r b = ! g5]\s assi/ance ( ,b>on ,edmond de ,ro?s*ild1 ( ,p>is4 ,?anks to him ! fir/ colonies pull$ ?r\gh1 & aft] _m vicissitudes 7 set on ! road to indep5d5ce4 ,b ! :ole colonisation movem5t rema9$ small & poor1 & any hopes :i* might h be5 ent]ta9$ ( its br++ ab\t ev5 ! beg9n+ ( a solution ( ! mat]ial problem ( galu? 7 dissipat$ at an e>ly date4 ,mean:ile1 h[ev]1 ! ,*ovev ,zion contribut$ to a national "w ( ! fir/ importance by help+ to lay ! f\ndations ( a revival ( ! ,hebrew language1 especially 9 ,pale/9e--a developm5t :i*1 :ile x _h no?+ to d ) ! solution ( any mat]ial problem1 _h v mu* to d ) ! /imulation ( t national s5tim5t :i* is ! only possible basis ( a national z di/9ct f a purely philan?ropic or economic movem5t4 ,9 #ahie1 :5 ! colonisation "w 0 at a l[ ebb1 ! ,jewi% _w 0 />tl$ by ! appe>ance ( ,d] ,jud5/aat1 a pamphlet 9 :i* a brilliant ,vi5nese j\rnali/ & playwright1 ,dr4 ,!odor ,h]zl1 advocat$1 z a solution ( ! ,jewi% problem1 ! e/abli%m5t ( an autonom\s ,jewi% ,/ate 9 "s suitable t]ritory 7n necess>ily ,pale/9e74 ,h]zl's s*eme 0 7unconsci\sly7 m or less a reproduction ( t ( ,p9sk]2 b x met ) a diff]5t fate1 l>gely1 no d\bt1 ?anks to ! sil5t gr[? ( ! national s5tim5t :i* _h be5 br\ght ab\t dur+ ! int]v5+ ye>s by ! awak5+--albeit to little purpose f a purely practical po9t ( view--( ,jewi% int]e/ 9 ,pale/9e4 ,:ile ! ,we/]n ,jews 7 = ! mo/ "p z deaf to ,h]zl's call z !y _h be5 to ,p9sk]'s1 _m ( ! ,*ovev ,zion f\nd 9 8 pamphlet a new inspiration1 & _! pressure induc$ him to take 9 h& himself ! practical realisation ( a s*eme :i* he _h meant to leave o!rs to c>ry out4 ,! result 0 ! ,zioni/ ,organisation1 :i* 0 f\nd$ at ! fir/ ,zioni/ ,congress at ,basle 9 #ahig4 ,?is organisation1 ?\gh ! great body ( its support]s 0 drawn f ! ranks ( ! ,*ovev ,zion1 reflect$ ! outlook & ideas ( ,h]zl & 8 h&ful ( fri5ds & support]s f ! ,we/4 ,!re 0 to be no m wa/e ( "t & ef=t on 8petty colonisation40 ,in/ead1 !re 0 to be a political organisation ( ,jewry1 ) a l>ge ,national ,fund1 :i* w\ld fir/ ( all buy ,pale/9e f ! ,turk "u a ,*>t] gu>ante$ by ! ,european ,p[]s1 & w\ld !n proce$ to settle 9 ,pale/9e all ^? ,jews :o c\ld n be happy :]e !y 74 ,?is beautiful dream r\s$ ! ,jewi% masses = a "t to a k9d ( ,messianic f]v\r2 x 0 s mu* m allur+ ?an ! h>d realities :i* ! ,*ovev ,zion _h _h to face4 ,b aft] a few ye>s ! inevitable awak5+ came4 ,realities rema9$ realities1 & ! ,*>t] rema9$ a di/ant vision4 ,h]zl pass$ away untimely 9 #aijd1 & ) him & 8 wond]ful p]sonality pass$ ! only =ce :i* c\ld make ! dream-_w appe> = a "t real4 ,he _h1 inde$1 obta9$ f ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t an (f] ( a t]ritory 9 ,ea/ ,africa 7commonly1 ?\gh incorrectly1 locat$ 9 ,ug&a7 = a quasi-autonom\s settlem5t ( ,jews2 b ?is triumph ( ! ,zioni/ ,organisation only s]v$ to br+ out ! ess5tial diff]5ce1 hi!rto m or less successfully kept 9 ! backgr\nd1 betwe5 ! head ( ! ,organisation & its body4 ,! ,*ovev ,zion1 h[ev] !y may h err$ 9 attempt+ to fur!r ! colonisation ( ,pale/9e by appeals to individual self-int]e/1 _h at any rate rema9$ suffici5tly nationali/ to feel t a national ,jewi% settlem5t c\ld by no possibility h any o!r home ?an ,pale/9e4 ,!y _h se5 to x t ! ,zioni/ ,organisation put ,pale/9e & no o!r c\ntry into its programme4 ,n[1 :5 !y f\nd _! tru/$ & belov$ lead] attempt+ to div]t !m to ,ea/ ,africa--?\gh he av]r$ solemnly t ,ea/ ,africa 0 only int5d$ z a tempor>y refuge1 a ,na*tasyl1 & ,pale/9e rema9$ ! real goal--!y felt t !y _h be5 betray$4 ,h]zl's enorm\s influ5ce av]t$1 at ! ,congress ( #aijc1 a direct refusal ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t's (f]3 a ,commission 0 appo9t$ to /udy ! propos$ t]ritory4 ,b :5 ! next ,congress met1 9 #aije1 ,h]zl 0 no m1 & ! oppon5ts ( ,ea/ ,africa--! ,zion ,zion1 8,zion-,zioni/s10 z !y 7 call$--c>ri$ ! day4 ,!re 0 ( c\rse a viol5t reaction3 ! masses swung away f ,zionism1 n[ t x no long] held out to !m ! hope ( a refuge f p]secution & pov]ty1 & "s ( ! m9ority p>ty f\nd$ a new body1 ! ,jewi% ,t]ritorial ,organisation1 to se>* ! globe = a home ( refuge4 ,?is 0 all to ! good1 = ! ,zioni/ ,organisation 0 purg$ ( ,messianism & 0 able to face realities aga94 ,! framework1 & to a l>ge ext5t ! phraseology1 creat$ by ,h]zl 7 reta9$1 b ess5tially ! ,zioni/ ,organisation became p]=ce an in/rum5t = ! realisation ( ! national ideal along ! two l9es on :i* alone real advance is possible--! l9es ( ,pale/9ian developm5t & national education4 ,x 0 only dur+ ! w>1 :i* br\ght on ! "o h& ! ,balf\r ,decl>ation1 ) its promise ( a ,national ,home = ! ,jewi% p 9 ,pale/9e1 & on ! o!r h& untold suff]+ & loss to ! ,jewi% masses 9 ,ea/]n ,europe1 t ,messianic hopes 7 aga9 ar\s$--aga9 to be foll[$ by ! inevitable disillusionm5t & reaction4 ,on ! position creat$ by ! rec5t developm5ts ( ,zionism ,a*ad ,ha-,am has comm5t$ 9 a brief introduction1 writt5 9 ,june1 #aibj1 = a new edition ( 8 collect$ essays 9 ,hebrew4 ,z ! "q ( ! scope ( ! ,balf\r ,decl>ation is /ill mu* debat$1 & has a special int]e/ = ,engli% read]s1 ,i reproduce "h ! great] "p ( t ,introduction4 8,:510 he writes1 8,i return$ f ,pale/9e 9 #aiab1 & my ,summa ,summ>um ar\s$ viol5t ang] 9 v>i\s qu>t]s1 ,i wrote an explanatory note by way ( supplem5t to t essay2 & ,i %\ld l to rem9d my read]s on ?is occasion ( "s ( ! ?+s t ,i said !n1 because !y seem to me relevant at ! pres5t "t4 #8,!re mu/ be1' ,i wrote1 #8"s natural connection ( cause & effect betwe5 an object & ! means by :i* its atta9m5t is s\ght3 we mu/ be able to %[ h[ ?is object c be atta9$ by ^! means4 ,s long z t connection does n exi/1 s long z we _c attempt to ju/ify our *oice ( means except by su* vague phrases z 0,p]haps 444 y nev] c tell 444 times *ange 4440--we may speak ( *]i%$ hopes & an ideal = ! di/ant future1 b we _c speak ( a practical object :i* c s]ve z a basis = a sy/ematic plan ( "w4 ,= e sy/ematic plan ( "w mu/ necess>ily be bas$ on a cle> conception 7:e!r intellectual or imag9ative7 ( ! *a9 ( cause & effect :i* connects ! v>i\s activities "o ) ano!r1 & all ( !m toge!r ) ! object4444 ,no d\bt1 we _c =etell ! future2 no d\bt x is possible t un=ese5 ?+s may happ5 & may *ange ! face ( reality4 ,b a possibility ( t k9d _c be made ! basis ( a sy/ematic plan ( "w1 & we are deal+ no long] ) an objective ( imm$iate activity1 b ) a vision ( ! future4' 8,ab\t two ye>s aft] ^! words 7 writt5 & publi%$ ! _w-w> began1 & l$ to ^? results :i* we "k3 #8un=ese5 ?+s happ5$ & *ang$ ! face ( reality4' ,our own life1 too1 0 caught 9 ! mael/rom ( _w-happ5+s2 & ! face ( our own reality1 too1 0 *ang$ z a consequ5ce4 ,mu* might be said1 & has already be5 said1 ab\t ! "* ( ^! *anges1 ab\t _! good & _! bad side1 ab\t _! significance bo? = ! ,diaspora & = ,pale/9e4 ,i _c n[ deal ) ?is subject fully1 & ,i wi% = my "p only to say a ^w or two on "o ( ! pr9cipal features ( ! *ang$ situation--,i mean ! wid5+ ( ! horizon ( our "w 9 ,pale/9e ?r\gh ! fam\s ,decl>ation ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 :i* has rec5tly be5 confirm$ by ! ,supreme ,c\ncil1 & ?us has ceas$ to be m]ely ! promise ( a s+le ,gov]nm5t & has become an int]national obligation4 ,?is ,decl>ation has provid$ a new #8basis = a sy/ematic plan ( "w1' & has set up #8an objective ( imm$iate activity'--activity on a l>ge scale1 su* z has be5 hi!rto only a !me = ! anticipations ( orators & essayi/s1 ) no real basis 9 ! pres5t4 ,b at ! same "t ! ,decl>ation has w+$ anew ! imag9ation ( ^? :o 7 already accu/om$ to build ca/les 9 ! air1 )\t reg>d to ! realities ( ?is e>?ly life4 ,t is1 ,i fancy1 "o ( ! reasons :y !re is /ill a dem& = ?is book1 ?\gh mu* ( its cont5ts does n fit ! realities ( to-day4 ,x is n s mu* ! cont5ts t matt] z ! po9t ( view f :i* ,i h tri$ to deal ) ! v>i\s que/ions z !y arose4 ,i h tri$ to judge n on ! basis ( t #8y-nev]-c-tell' attitude :i* %r\ds itself 9 ! mi/s ( ! future1 b on ! basis ( pres5t realities1 or ( imp5d+ realities :i* c be progno/icat$ f exi/+ conditions4 ,ev5 to-day ?is po9t ( view ne$s reit]ation4 ,= once x has happ5$1 z by a miracle1 t :at 0 wildly improbable a %ort "t ago has become to a c]ta9 ext5t actual3 & ?is #8miracle' has l$ ^? :o 7 always wait+ = miracles to claim a victory1 & to insi/ on ma9ta9+ _! attitude = ! future also1 & on lay+ d[n z ! "o pr9ciple ( policy ?is p]v]t$ axiom--t if su* a ?+ has happ5$ once 9 exceptional circum/ances1 its l may happ5 aga91 & we c !re=e con/ruct our _w z we please1 reg>dless ( pres5t realities1 & rely+ on a repetition ( ! miracle :5 we ne$ x4 ,!re is a ,jewi% prov]b :i* says3 #8,a mi/ake :i* succe$s is none ! less a mi/ake4' ,s a plan ( "w :i* turns its back on realities1 & relies on ! possibility t some?+ out ( ! ord9>y may turn up & *ange realities to its advantage1 is a mi/ak5 plan1 ev5 if x succe$s = once 9 a way4 ,& if x goes on bank+ on ! elem5t ( *ance1 :i* does 9 fact int]f]e occasionally ) ! normal c\rse ( ev5ts1 & cont9ues to act accord+ly1 x w end 9 disa/]1 despite its initial success4 8,all ! details ( ! diplomatic conv]sations 9 ,london :i* l$ to ! ,decl>ation h n yet be5 made public2 b ! "t has come to reveal "o #8secret1' because k ( x w make x easi] to und]/& ! true mean+ ( ! ,decl>ation4 8#8,to facilitate ! e/abli%m5t 9 ,pale/9e ( a ,national ,home = ! ,jewi% p'--t is ! text ( ! promise giv5 to u by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t4 ,b t is n ! text sugge/$ to ! ,gov]nm5t by ! ,zioni/ spokesm54 ,!y wi%$ x to read3 #8! recon/itution ( ,pale/9e z ! ,national ,home ( ! ,jewi% p'2 b :5 ! happy day arriv$ on :i* ! ,decl>ation 0 sign$ & seal$ by ! ,gov]nm5t1 x 0 f\nd to conta9 ! fir/ =mula & n ! second4 ,t is to say1 ! allusion to ! fact t we are ab\t to rebuild our old national home 0 dropp$1 & at ! same "t ! words #8con/itution ( ,pale/9e z ! national home' 7 replac$ by #8e/abli%m5t ( a national home 9 ,pale/9e4' ,!re 7 "s :o und]/ood at once t ?is _h "s significance2 b o!rs ?\ght t ! diff]5ce 0 m]ely "o ( =m4 ,h5ce !y sometimes attempt$ on subsequ5t occasions1 :5 ! negotiations ) ! ,gov]nm5t af=d$ an opportunity1 to =mulate ! promise 9 _! own word+1 z ?\gh x _h n be5 *ang$4 ,b e "t !y f\nd 9 ! ,gov]nm5t's reply a repetition ( ! actual text ( ! ,decl>ation--:i* proves t x is n a case :]e ! same ?+ may be put equally well 9 ei!r ( two ways1 b t ! promise is really def9$ 9 ?is p>ticul> =m ( words1 & goes no fur!r4 8,x c sc>cely be necess>y to expla9 at l5g? ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two v]sions4 ,_h ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t accept$ ! v]sion sugge/$ to x--t ,pale/9e %\ld be recon/itut$ z ! national home ( ! ,jewi% p--its promise might h be5 int]pret$ z mean+ t ,pale/9e1 inhabit$ z x n[ is1 0 re/or$ to ! ,jewi% p on ! gr\nd ( its hi/oric "r2 t ! ,jewi% p 0 to rebuild its wa/e places & 0 de/9$ to rule ov] x & to manage all its affairs 9 its own way1 )\t reg>d to ! cons5t or non-cons5t ( its pres5t inhabitants4 ,= ?is rebuild+ 7x might h be5 und]/ood7 is only a r5ewal ( ! anci5t "r ( ! ,jews1 :i* ov]-rides ! "r ( ! pres5t inhabitants1 :o h wrongly e/abli%$ _! national home on a l& n _! own4 ,b ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 z x /at$ expressly 9 ! ,decl>ation itself1 0 n will+ to promise any?+ :i* w\ld h>m ! pres5t inhabitants ( ,pale/9e1 & !re=e x *ang$ ! ,zioni/ =mula1 & gave x a m re/rict$ =m4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ?9ks1 x w\ld seem1 t :5 a p has only ! moral =ce ( its claim to build its national home 9 a l& at pres5t inhabit$ by o!rs1 & has n beh9d x a p[]ful army or fleet to prove ! ju/ice ( its claim1 t p c h only :at its "r all[s x 9 tru? & ju/ice1 & n :at conqu]+ peoples take = !mselves by arm$ =ce1 "u ! cov] ( v>i\s #8rights' inv5t$ = ! occasion4 ,n[ ! hi/oric "r ( a p 9 relation to a c\ntry inhabit$ by o!rs c mean only ! "r to settle once m 9 its ance/ral l&1 to "w ! l& & to develop its res\rces )\t h9drance4 ,& if ! inhabitants compla9 t /rang]s h come to exploit ! l& & its population1 ! hi/oric "r has a complete answ] to !m3 ^! newcom]s are n /rang]s1 b ! desc5dants ( ! old ma/]s ( ! c\ntry1 & z soon z !y settle 9 x aga91 !y are z good z natives4 ,& n only ! settl]s z individuals1 b ! collective body z a p1 :5 x has once m put into ?is c\ntry a "p ( its national weal?--m51 capital1 cultural in/itutions & s =?--has aga9 9 ! c\ntry its national home1 & has ! "r to ext5d & to complete its home up to ! limit ( its capacity4 ,b ?is hi/oric "r does n ov]-ride ! "r ( ! o!r inhabitants1 :i* is a tangible "r bas$ on g5]ation aft] g5]ation ( life & "w 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! c\ntry is at pres5t _! national home too1 & !y too h ! "r to develop _! national pot5tialities s f> z !y are able4 ,?is position1 !n1 makes ,pale/9e common gr\nd = diff]5t peoples1 ea* ( :i* tries to e/abli% its national home !re2 & 9 ?is position x is impossible = ! national home ( ei!r ( !m to be complete & to embrace all t is involv$ 9 ! conception ( a #8national home4' ,if y build y\r h\se n on unt5ant$ gr\nd1 b 9 a place :]e !re are o!r inhabit$ h\ses1 y are sole ma/] only z f> z y\r front gate4 ,)9 y may arrange y\r effects z y please1 b beyond ! gate all ! inhabitants are p>tn]s1 & ! g5]al adm9i/ration mu/ be ord]$ 9 con=mity ) ! good ( all ( !m4 ,simil>ly1 national homes ( diff]5t peoples 9 ! same c\ntry c dem& only national fre$om = ea* "o 9 its int]nal affairs1 & ! affairs ( ! c\ntry :i* are common to all ( !m are adm9i/]$ by all ! #8h\sehold]s' jo9tly if ! relations betwe5 !m & _! degree ( developm5t qualify !m = ! task1 or1 if t condition is n yet fulfill$1 by a gu>dian f outside1 :o takes c>e t ! rights ( none %all be infr+$4 8,:51 !n1 ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t promis$ to facilitate ! e/abli%m5t 9 ,pale/9e ( a national home = ! ,jewi% p--& n1 z 0 sugge/$ to x1 ! recon/itution ( ,pale/9e z ! national home ( ! ,jewi% p--t promise meant two ?+s4 ,x meant 9 ! fir/ place recognition ( ! hi/oric "r ( ! ,jewi% p to build its national home 9 ,pale/9e1 ) a promise ( assi/ance f ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t2 & x meant 9 ! second place a negation ( ! p[] ( t "r to ov]-ride ! "r ( ! pres5t inhabitants & to make ! ,jewi% p sole rul] 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! national home ( ! ,jewi% p mu/ be built out ( ! free mat]ial :i* c /ill be f\nd 9 ! c\ntry itself1 & out ( t :i* ! ,jews w br+ 9 f outside or w create by _! "w1 )\t ov]?r[+ ! national home ( ! o!r inhabitants4 ,& z ! two homes are contigu\s1 & friction & conflicts ( int]e/ are inevitable1 especially 9 ! e>ly p]iod ( ! build+ ( ! ,jewi% national home1 ( :i* n ev5 ! f\ndations h yet be5 prop]ly laid1 ! promise necess>ily dem&s1 ?\gh x is n expressly s /at$1 t a gu>dian %all be appo9t$ ov] ! two homes--t is1 ov] ! :ole c\ntry--to see to x t ! own] ( ! hi/oric "r1 :ile he does n injure ! inhabitants 9 _! int]nal affairs1 %all n on 8 side h ob/acles put 9 8 way by 8 neighb\r1 :o at pres5t is /rong] ?an he4 ,& 9 c\rse ( "t1 :5 ! new national home is fully built1 & its t5ant is able to rely1 no less ?an 8 neighb\r1 on ! "r :i* belongs to a l>ge population liv+ & work+ 9 ! c\ntry1 x w be possible to raise ! "q :e!r ! "t has n come to h& ov] ! control ( ! c\ntry to ! #8h\sehold]s' !mselves1 s t !y may toge!r adm9i/] _! jo9t affairs1 fairly & ju/ly1 9 accordance ) ! ne$s ( ea* ( !m & ! value ( 8 "w = ! revival & developm5t ( ! c\ntry4 8,?is & no m1 x seems to me1 is :at we c f9d 9 ! ,balf\r ,decl>ation2 & ?is & no m is :at our lead]s & writ]s ought to h told ! p1 s t x %\ld n imag9e m ?an :at is actually !re1 & aft]w>ds relapse into despair & absolute scepticism4 8,b we all "k h[ ! ,decl>ation 0 int]pret$ at ! "t ( its publication1 & h[ mu* exagg]ation _m ( our work]s & writ]s h tri$ to introduce into x f t day to ?is4 ,! ,jewi% p li/5$1 & believ$ t ! end ( ! galu? _h inde$ come1 & t 9 a %ort "t ,pale/9e w\ld be a #8,jewi% ,/ate4' ,! ,arab p too1 :i* we h always ignor$ f ! v beg9n+ ( ! colonisation movem5t1 li/5$1 & believ$ t ! ,jews 7 com+ to expropriate its l& & to d ) x :at !y lik$4 ,all ?is inevitably l$ to friction & bitt]ness on bo? sides1 & contribut$ mu* to ! /ate ( ?+s :i* 0 reveal$ 9 all its ugl9ess 9 ! ev5ts at ,j]usalem la/ ,april4#c ,^? ev5ts1 9 conjunction ) o!rs :i* prec$$ !m1 might h taught u h[ long is ! way f a writt5 promise to its practical realisation1 & h[ _m are ! ob/acles1 n easily to be remov$1 :i* beset our pa?4 ,b app>5tly we le>n$ no?+2 & only a %ort "t aft] ! ev5ts at ,j]usalem1 :5 ! ,briti% promise 0 confirm$ at ,san ,remo1 we began once m to bl[ ! ,messianic trumpet1 to ann\nce ! #8r$emption1' & s =?4 ,! confirmation ( ! promise1 z ,i said above1 rais$ x to ! level ( an int]national obligation1 & f t po9t ( view x is und\bt$ly ( great value4 ,b ess5tially x add$ no?+1 & ! text ( ! e>li] promise rema9s absolutely unalt]$4 ,:at ! real mean+ ( t text is1 we h se5 above2 b its brevity & vagu5ess all[ ^? :o s wi%--z exp]i5ce 9 ,pale/9e has %[n--to re/rict its mean+ mu* m--inde$1 almo/ to no?+4 ,ev]y?+1 !re=e1 dep5ds on ! good w ( ! #8gu>dian1' on :om 0 plac$ at ,san ,remo ! duty ( giv+ ! promise practical effect4 ,_h we paid att5tion to realities1 we %\ld h re/ra9$ our feel+s1 & h wait$ a little to see h[ ! writt5 ^w w\ld be int]pret$ 9 practice4 8,i h dwelt p]haps at undue l5g? on ?is po9t1 because x is ! fundam5tal "o4 ,b 9 tru? we are n[ confront$ ) o!r que/ions1 int]nal que/ions1 :i* dem& a solution )\t delay2 & ! solutions :i* we he> f "t to "t are z f> f realities z are ! poles asund]4 ,x w n be long1 h[ev]1 be=e ^! vision>y proposals1 :i* are s attractive1 h to make way = actual "w1 & we h to %[ 9 practice h[ f> we h ! mat]ial & moral /r5g? to e/abli% ! national home :i* we h be5 giv5 p]mission to e/abli% 9 ,pale/9e4 8,& at ?is great & difficult mom5t ,i appe> be=e my read]s--p]haps = ! la/ "t--on ! ?re%old ( ?is book1 & repeat once m my old w>n+1 on :i* mo/ ( ! essays 9 ?is book are b a comm5t>y3 8,d n press on too quickly to ! goal1 s long z ! actual conditions )\t :i* x _c be rea*$ h n be5 creat$2 & d n disp>age ! "w :i* is possible at any giv5 "t1 hav+ reg>d to actual conditions1 ev5 if x w n br+ ! ,messiah to-day or to-morr[40 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is because ,a*ad ,ha-,am has consi/5tly driv5 home ! lesson reit]at$ 9 ^! la/ words1 & because t lesson is s /rik+ly apt at ! pres5t "t1 t "o feels ju/ifi$ to-day 9 produc+ a translation ( "s ( 8 essays :i*1 z reg>ds _! actual subject-matt]1 are some:at out ( date4 ,! po9t ( view f :i* he approa*es ,zioni/ que/ions--t ( an idealism guid$ b n subdu$ by a /]nly objective appreh5sion ( realities--is n out ( date1 & nev] w be until ei!r human be+s or ext]nal realities *ange v mu*4 ,& t po9t ( view is capable ( a wid] application ?an is expressly giv5 to x by ! ,lov] ( ,zion1 conc]n$ prim>ily ) ! problems & ! de/9y ( 8 own p3 = x is true ( any o!r ideal movem5t no less ?an ( ,zionism t x is endang]$ n alone by ^? :o oppose x1 b also by ^? :o adh]e to x only because !y expect x to "w miracles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! translations 9 ?is volume1 l ^? 9 its pr$ecessor1 h _h ! advantage ( revision by ,a*ad ,ha-,am4 ,! few foot-notes :i* ! translator has add$ are enclos$ 9 squ>e brackets4 ,i am mu* indebt$ to ,mr4 ,fi%] ,unw9 & to ,messrs4 ,paul ,goodman & ,ar?ur ,d4 ,lewis = p]mission to include 9 ?is volume ! translation ( 8,a ,spiritual ,c5tre10 :i* fir/ appe>$ 9 ,zionism3 ,problems & ,views1 & to ! ,union ( ,jewi% ,lit]>y ,societies = p]mission to repr9t t "p ( 8,! ,"t has ,come0 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,jewi% ,lit]>y ,annual = #aijg4 ,my be/ ?anks are due to ! ,editors ( ! ,jewi% ,review1 ,messrs4 ,norman ,b5twi* & ,joseph ,hockman1 :o h k9dly all[$ me to include 8,judaism & ! ,gospels0 & 8,summa ,summ>um0 f ! ,jewi% ,review4 ,i h also to ?ank ! ,jdis*] ,v]lag1 :i* n[ owns ! copyright ( ! ,hebrew orig9al1 = cons5t+ to ! publication ( ?is volume ( translations4 ,,leon ,,simon4 ,footnote #a3 ,a*ad ,ha-,am 7 8"o ( ! p07 is ! p5-"n ( ,a%] ,g9zb]g1 a fam\s ,hebrew ?9k] & essayi/1 born 9 ,russia 9 #ahef1 :o has liv$ 9 ,london s9ce #aijh4 ,8 biography 7up to #aijb7 is giv5 9 ! ,jewi% ,encyclopdia4 ,= "s acc\nt ( 8 tea*+ ,i may ref] to ! essay call$ 8,"o ( ! ,p0 9 my ,/udies 9 ,jewi% ,nationalism 7,longmans1 #aibj74 ,footnote #b3 ,?is essay 78,! ,wrong ,way071 :5 fir/ publi%$1 _h to be express$ some:at obscurely s z to pass ! ,russian ,c5sor4 ,x 0 alt]$ subsequ5tly1 :5 ! fir/ collection ( ,a*ad ,ha-,am's essays 0 publi%$ 9 book =m1 b x /ill lacks some:at ( ! absolute cl>ity :i* di/+ui%es 8 usual /yle4 ,footnote #c3 ,! anti-,jewi% riots ( ,april1 #aibj1 9 :i* _m lives 7 lo/4 ,9 a footnote at ?is po9t ! au?or recalls t z f> back z #ahia he drew att5tion to ! ,arab "q1 & po9t$ out ! folly ( reg>d+ ! ,arabs z 8wild m5 ( ! des]t10 :o c\ld n see :at 0 go+ on ar\nd !m4 ,,! ,,wrong ,,way 7#ahhi7 ,i ,= _m c5turies ! ,jewi% p1 sunk 9 pov]ty & degradation1 has be5 su/a9$ by fai? & hope 9 ! div9e m]cy4 ,! pres5t g5]ation has se5 ! bir? ( a new & f>-rea*+ idea1 :i* promises to br+ d[n our fai? & hope f heav51 & trans=m bo? into liv+ & active =ces1 mak+ our l& ! goal ( hope1 & our p ! an*or ( fai?4 ,hi/oric ideas ( ?is k9d spr+ =? sudd5ly1 z ?\gh ( _! own accord1 :5 ! "t is ripe4 ,!y at once e/abli% _! sway ov] ! m9ds :i* respond to !m1 & f ^! !y spread abroad & make _! way ?r\gh ! _w--z a sp>k fir/ sets fire to ! mo/ inflammable mat]ial1 & !n spreads to ! framework ( ! build+4 ,x 0 9 ?is way t our idea came to bir?1 )\t our be+ able to say :o discov]$ x1 & won adh]5ts among ^? :o halt$ half-way3 among ^?1 t is1 ^: fai? _h weak5$1 & :o _h no long] ! pati5ce to wait = miracles1 b :o1 on ! o!r h&1 7 /ill atta*$ to _! p by bonds :i* _h n lo/ _! /r5g?1 & _h n yet ab&on$ belief 9 its "r to exi/ z a s+le p4 ,^! fir/ 8nationali/s0 rais$ ! bann] ( ! new idea1 & w5t out to fight its battle full ( confid5ce4 ,! s9c]ity ( _! own conviction gradually awoke conviction 9 o!rs1 & daily fre% recruits jo9$ !m f ,left & ,"r3 s t "o might h expect$ !m 9 a %ort "t to be numb]$ by t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,b mean:ile ! movem5t und]w5t a fundam5tal *ange4 ,! idea took practical %ape 9 ! "w ( ,pale/9ian colonisation4 ,?is unlook$-= developm5t surpris$ fri5ds & foes alike4 ,! fri5ds ( ! idea rais$ a %\t ( victory1 & cri$ 9 exultation3 ,is n ?is a ?+ unhe>d-(1 t an idea s "y has /r5g? to =ce its way into ! _w ( action8 ,does n ?is prove cle>ly t we 7 n m]e dream]s8 ,! foes ( ! movem5t1 on _! side1 :o _h hi!rto despis$ x & mock$ x1 z an idle fancy ( dream]s & vision>ies1 n[ began grudg+ly to admit t aft] all x %[$ signs ( life & 0 wor?y ( att5tion4 ,f t "t dates a new p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ! idea2 & if we glance at ! :ole c\rse ( its developm5t f t "t to ! pres5t1 we %all f9d once aga9 matt] = surprise4 ,:]eas previ\sly ! idea grew ev] /rong] & /rong] & spread m & m widely among all sections ( ! p1 :ile its sponsors look$ to ! future ) exultation & high hopes1 n[1 aft] its victory1 x has ceas$ to w9 new adh]5ts1 & ev5 its old adh]5ts seem to lose _! en]gy1 & ask = no?+ m ?an ! well-be+ ( ! few poor colonies#d already 9 exi/5ce1 :i* are :at rema9s ( all _! pleasant visions ( an e>li] day4 ,b ev5 ?is mode/ dem& rema9s unfulfill$2 ! l& is full ( intrigues & qu>rels & pett9ess--all = ! sake & = ! glory ( ! great idea--:i* give !m no peace & endless worry2 & :o kn[s :at w be ! end ( x all8 ,if1 z a philosoph] has said1 x is melan*oly to witness ! dea? f old age ( a religion :i* br\ght com=t to m5 9 ! pa/1 h[ mu* m sad is x :5 an idea full ( y\?ful vig\r--! hope ( ! pass+ g5]ation & ! salvation ( t :i* is com+--/umbles & falls at ! outset ( its c>e]6 ,add to ?is t ! idea 9 "q is "o :i* we see ex]cis+ s pr(\nd an influ5ce ov] _m peoples1 & surely we are b\nd to ask ourselves ! old "q3 ,:y are we s diff]5t f any o!r race or nation8 ,or are ^? ( our p really "r1 :o say t we h ceas$ to be a nation & are held toge!r only by ! bond ( religion8 ,b1 aft] all1 ^? :o take t view c speak only = !mselves4 ,x is true t betwe5 !m & u !re is no long] any bond except t ( a common religion & ! hatr$ :i* our enemies h = u2 b we ourselves1 :o feel our ,jewi% nationality 9 our own he>ts1 v prop]ly d]ide anybody :o tries to argue out ( exi/5ce some?+ ( :i* we h an intuitive conviction4 ,if ?is is s1 :y has n ! idea ( ! national rebir? succe$$ 9 tak+ root ev5 among ourselves & 9 mak+ t progress = :i* we hop$8 ,writ]s 9 ! press give u two answ]s to ?is "q4 ,"s blame ! ,*alukah#e ) its ,rabbis & scribes1 o!rs 8! ,b>on0#f ) 8 ag5ts & adm9i/rators 9 ,pale/9e4 ,all alike try to fa/5 ! blame on c]ta9 m51 z ?\gh b = !m ! ,jewi% problem w\ld h be5 solv$ = all "t2 & ! only po9t at issue is :e!r x is ,a4 & ,b4 or ,x4 & ,y4 :o /& 9 ! way ( t consummation4 ,b su* answ]s are n at all satisfy+4 ,!y simply raise a fur!r "q3 ,h[ is x t c]ta9 individuals1 be !y :o !y may1 are 9 a position to ob/ruct ! progress ( ! :ole nation8 ,mu/ x n be a sorry 8national movem5t0 :i* dep5ds = its success on ! g5]osity ( a philan?ropi/ & ! k9dness ( 8 ag5ts1 & _c )/& ! mis]able ,*alukah1 :i* is itself fight+ = its exi/5ce ) :at /r5g? x has left8 ,we mu/ look1 !n1 = ! cause ( all ! evil n 9 isolat$ facts1 9 :at ?is man or ! o!r does1 b mu* deep]4 ,if we d t we %all f9d1 ,i ?9k1 ! true cause to lie 9 ! 8victory0 :i* ! idea has a*iev$ prematurely ?r\gh ! fault ( its *ampions4 ,9 _! eag]ness to obta9 great results be=e ! "t 0 ripe1 !y h des]t$ ! long road ( natural developm5t1 & by artificial means h =c$ into ! ar5a ( practical life an idea :i* 0 /ill "y & t5d]1 nei!r fully rip5$ nor suffici5tly develop$2 & ?anks to ?is excessive ha/e _! /r5g? has fail$ !m1 & _! lab\r has be5 9 va94 ,?is judgm5t w c]ta9ly n be widely acceptable1 & ,i w !re=e endeav\r 9 :at foll[s to expla9 x s f> z ,i am able1 & s f> z ! nature ( ! subject p]mits4 ,e belief or op9ion :i* leads to action mu/ necess>ily be f\nd$ on ! foll[+ ?ree judgm5ts3 ,fir/1 t ! atta9m5t ( a c]ta9 object is felt by u to be ne$$2 secondly1 t c]ta9 actions are ! means to ! atta9m5t ( t object2 & ?irdly1 t ^? actions are n beyond our p[]1 & ! ef=t :i* !y require is n s great z to outweigh ! value ( ! object 9 our e/imation4 ,! fir/ ( ^! judgm5ts is bas$ on feel+1 & ne$s no pro(2 ! second & ?ird are bas$ on k ( facts & ph5om5a outside ourselves1 & !re=e ne$ ! ass5t ( reason4 ,:51 !re=e1 a new idea summons u to a new c\rse ( action1 x may be simply discov]+ new me?ods ( atta9+ an object :i* we valu$ be=e1 & may at ! same "t be able to demon/rate by conclusive pro(s1 :e!r !oretical or practical1 t ^! me?ods really lead to ! atta9m5t ( ! object1 & are comm5surate ) its value & ) our res\rces4 ,a new discov]y ( ?is sort belongs entirely to ! sph]e ( reason1 & !re=e its sponsors ne$ put _! case only be=e p ( intellig5ce & good judgm5t4 ,if su* m5 pron\nce ! new idea "r1 & proce$ to act z x bids1 its victory among ! masses is assur$3 = gradually ! masses w foll[ 9 ! "r c\rse4 ,b x w be diff]5t if "o ( ^! conditions is lack+--if1 t is1 ! object :i* ! new idea sets be=e u is "o t we d n already value1 or "o n valu$ proportionately to ! difficulty ( its atta9m5t2 or aga9 if x _c compel reason1 by conv9c+ argum5ts1 to admit ! correctness ( its judgm5t z reg>ds ! connection betwe5 ! means & ! object1 & z reg>ds ! res\rces & ! ef=t necess>y = ! atta9m5t ( ! object4 ,9 ei!r ( ^! cases ! new idea mu/ rely = its success n on reason1 b on s5tim5t4 ,= ! gr[? ( a feel+ ( affection & desire = ! object w c>ry ) x n only a /r5g!n+ ( ! det]m9ation to /rive aft] its atta9m5t1 no matt] h[ great ! ef=t requir$1 b also an increas+ intellectual belief 9 ! possibility ( its atta9m5t1 9 spite ( ! abs5ce ( conclusive evid5ce t x is atta9able4 ,h5ce ^? :o orig9ate an idea ( ?is k9d h n1 at ! outset ( _! activity1 any conc]n ) ! intellectuals1 ! m5 ( dry logic & cold calculation3 x is n 9 t qu>t] t !y w f9d support4 ,!y mu/ turn only to ^? ^: s5sibilities are quick1 & :o are gov]n$ by _! feel+s2 !y alone w li/54 ,& = t reason ! orig9ators ( ! idea mu/ !mselves be above all ?+s m5 ( ke5 s5sibility1 temp]am5tally capable ( conc5trat+ _! :ole spiritual life on a s+le po9t1 on "o idea & "o desire1 ( devot+ _! :ole life to x & exp5d+ 9 its s]vice _! la/ ounce ( /r5g?4 ,by do+ _! "w compet5tly & ) absolute devotion !y w %[ t !y h !mselves b\ndless fai? 9 ! tru? ( _! idea1 & inf9ite love = its s]vice2 & t w be ! only sure means ( awak5+ fai? & love 9 o!rs4 ,9 t way1 & n by m]e talk1 w !y ga9 wide support = _! idea4 ,& if !y appeal 9 ?is way to s5tim5t1 !n !re is a *ance = ! idea 7provid$ t x does 9 "s way correspond to a curr5t ne$7 to spread gradually & to w9 _m adh]5ts :o w be devot$ to x he>t & s\l4 ,x is true t su* adh]5ts1 be+ /rong ma9ly on ! side ( feel+1 are n g5]ally fitt$1 = all _! good w1 to c>ry out a difficult und]tak+1 :i* ne$s /r5g?1 disc]nm5t1 & exp]i5ce2 b t matt]s n at all4 ,= 9 c\rse ( "t1 z ! idea /rikes root m & m firmly 9 ! he>t ( ! p1 & makes its way into e h\se & e family1 x w at la/ capture ! great m51 ! lead]s & ! ?9k]s4 ,!y1 too1 w beg91 :e!r !y l x or no1 to feel ! work+s ( ! new =ce :i* envelops !m on e side4 ,_! opposition w gr[ feebl] & feebl]1 until at la/ !y w succumb & take _! place 9 ! van4 ,!n ! idea w become a =ce to be reckon$ ) 9 practical affairs1 & its orig9ators1 sett+ out on ! task ( its realisation1 ) ! confid5ce born ( /r5g?1 & ) ! necess>y equipm5t ( k & skill1 may a*ieve brilliant results1 & h ! laugh ( ! intellectuals & ! sceptics :o us$ to sc(f at !m z dream]s4 ,! hi/ory ( ideas & beliefs af=d actual examples ( all t has be5 said above4 ,b x is "t to return to our imm$iate subject4 ,! idea :i* we are "h discuss+ is n new 9 ! s5se ( sett+ up a new object ( endeav\r2 b ! me?ods :i* x sugge/s = ! atta9m5t ( its object dem& a great exp5diture ( ef=t1 & x _c prove ! adequacy ( its me?ods s conclusively z to compel reason to ass5t to ! tru? ( its judgm5ts4 ,:at x ne$s1 !re=e1 is to make ( ! devotion & ! desire :i* are felt = its ideal an in/rum5t = ! /r5g!n+ ( fai? & ! %>p5+ ( resolution4 ,n[ ! devotion ( ! individual to ! well-be+ ( ! community1 :i* is ! ideal "h 9 "q1 is a s5tim5t to :i* we ,jews are no /rang]s4 ,b if we w\ld e/imate aright its capacity to produce ! fai? & ! resolution t are ne$$ = ! realisation ( our idea1 we mu/ fir/ ( all /udy ! vicissitudes ?r\gh :i* x has pass$1 & exam9e its pres5t condition4 ,all ! laws & ord9ances1 all ! bless+s & curses ( ! ,law ( ,moses h b "o unv>y+ object3 ! well-be+ ( ! nation z a :ole 9 ! l& ( its inh]itance4 ,! happ9ess ( ! individual is n reg>d$4 ,! individual ,israelite is treat$ z /&+ to ! p ( ,israel 9 ! relation ( a s+le limb to ! :ole body3 ! actions ( ! individual h _! rew>d 9 ! good ( ! community4 ,"o long *a9 unites all ! g5]ations1 f ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob to ! end ( "t2 ! cov5ant :i* ,god made ) ! ,patri>*s he keeps ) _! desc5dants1 & if ! fa!rs eat s\r grapes1 ! tee? ( ! *ildr5 w be set on edge4 ,= ! p is "o p ?r\gh\t all its g5]ations1 & ! individuals :o come & g 9 ea* g5]ation are b z ^? m9ute p>ts ( ! liv+ body :i* *ange e day1 )\t affect+ 9 any degree ! "* ( t organic unity :i* is ! :ole body4 ,x is difficult to say def9itely :e!r at any p]iod our p z a :ole really ent]ta9$ ! s5tim5t ( national loyalty 9 ?is high degree1 or :e!r x 0 only a moral ideal *]i%$ by ! mo/ important section ( ! p4 ,b at any rate x is cle> t aft] ! de/ruction ( ! fir/ ,temple1 :5 ! nation's /> _h almo/ set1 & its well-be+ 0 s ne>ly %att]$ t ev5 its be/ sons despair$1 & :5 ! eld]s ( ,israel sat be=e ,ezekiel & said3 8,we w be z ! hea!n1 z ! families ( ! c\ntries10 & 8,our bones are dri$1 & our hope is lo/0--x is cle> t at t "t our p began to be m conc]n$ ab\t ! fate ( ! righte\s individual :o p]i%es despite 8 righte\sness4 ,f t "t date ! famili> speculations ab\t ! relation betwe5 goodness & happ9ess :i* we f9d 9 ,ezekiel1 9 ,ecclesia/es1 & 9 _m ( ! ,psalms 7& 9 ,job "s w\ld add1 hold+ t book also to h be5 writt5 9 ?is p]iod72 & _m m51 n satisfi$ by any ( ! solutions :i* 7 prop\nd$1 came to ! conclusion t 8x is va9 to s]ve ,god10 & t 8to s]ve ! ,ma/] )\t expectation ( rew>d0 is a fruitless proce$+4 ,x w\ld seem t !n1 & n till !n1 :5 ! well-be+ ( ! community c\ld no long] inspire en?usiasm & idealism1 did our p sudd5ly rememb] ! individual1 rememb] t besides ! life ( ! body corporate ! individual has a life peculi>ly 8 own1 & t 9 ?is life ( 8 own he wants pleasure & happ9ess1 & dem&s a p]sonal rew>d = 8 p]sonal righte\sness4 ,! effect ( ?is discov]y on ! ,jewi% ?\ght ( t epo* is f\nd 9 su* pron\ncem5ts z ?is3 8,! pres5t life is l an entrance-hall to ! future life40 ,! happ9ess :i* ! individual desires w become 8 :5 he ent]s ! banquet+-hall1 if only he qualifies = x by 8 conduct 9 ! ante-room4 ,! national ideal hav+ ceas$ to satisfy1 ! religi\s ord9ances are end[$ in/ead ) a mean+ & a purpose = ! individual1 z ! _s ( ! age dem&s1 & are put outside ! doma9 ( ! national s5tim5t4 ,despite ?is *ange1 ! national s5tim5t cont9u$ = a long "t to live on & to play its "p 9 ! political life ( ! p3 witness ! :ole hi/ory ( ! long p]iod :i* end$ ) ! w>s ( ,titus & ,hadrian4 ,b s9ce on ! political side !re 0 a cont9u\s decl9e1 ! religi\s life grew correspond+ly /rong]1 & concurr5tly ! individuali/ elem5t 9 ! individual memb]s ( ! nation prevail$ m & m ov] ! nationali/ elem5t1 & drove x ultimately f its la/ /ronghold--! hope = a future r$emption4 ,t hope1 ! he>tfelt ye>n+ ( a nation seek+ 9 a di/ant future :at ! pres5t c\ld n give1 ceas$ 9 "t to satisfy p 9 its orig9al =m1 :i* look$ =w>d to a ,messianic ,age 8diff]+ f ! life ( to-day 9 no?+ except ! emancipation ( ,israel f s]vitude40 ,= liv+ m5 & wom5 no long] f\nd any com=t = !mselves 9 ! abundance ( good :i* 0 to come to _! nation 9 ! latt] end ( days1 :5 !y w\ld be dead & gone4 ,ea* individual dem&$ 8 own private & p]sonal %>e ( ! expect$ g5]al happ9ess4 ,& religion w5t s f> z to satisfy ev5 ?is dem&1 by lay+ less emphasis on ! r$emption ?an on ! resurrection ( ! dead4 ,?us ! national ideal 0 completely *ang$4 ,no long] is patriotism a pure1 unselfi% devotion2 no long] is ! common good ! highe/ ( all aims1 ov]rid+ ! p]sonal aims ( ea* individual4 ,on ! contr>y3 h5ce=w>d ! summum bonum is = ea* individual 8 p]sonal well-be+1 9 "t or 9 et]nity1 & ! individual c>es ab\t ! common good only 9 s f> z he himself p>ticipates 9 x4 ,to realise h[ complete ! *ange ( attitude became 9 c\rse ( "t1 we ne$ only recall ! surprise express$ by ! ,tannaim#g because ! ,p5tateu* speaks ( 8! l& :i* ! ,"l swore to y\r ance/ors to give to !m40 ,9 fact1 ! l& 0 giv5 n to !m1 b only to _! desc5dants1 & s ! ,tannaim f9d 9 ?is passage an allusion to ! resurrection ( ! dead 7,sifr74 ,?is %[s t 9 _! "t t deep-root$ consci\sness ( ! union ( all ages 9 ! body corporate ( ! p1 :i* p]vades ! :ole ( ! ,p5tateu*1 _h become s weak t !y c\ld n und]/& ! words 8to !m0 except z ref]r+ to ! actual individuals to :om !y 7 address$4 ,subsequ5t ev5ts--! t]rible oppressions & frequ5t migrations1 :i* int5sifi$ immeasurably ! p]sonal anxiety ( e ,jew = 8 own safety & t ( 8 family--contribut$ /ill fur!r to ! enfeebl+ ( ! already weak5$ national s5tim5t1 & to ! conc5tration ( int]e/ prim>ily 9 ! life ( ! family1 second>ily 9 t ( ! congregation 79 :i* ! individual f9ds satisfaction = 8 ne$s74 ,! national life ( ! p z a :ole practically ceas$ to matt] to ! individual4 ,ev5 ^? ,jews :o are /ill capable ( feel+ occasionally an impulse to "w = ! nation _c z a rule s f> transc5d _! individualism z to subord9ate _! own love ( self & _! own ambition1 or _! imm$iate family or communal int]e/s1 to ! requirem5ts ( ! nation4 ,! demon ( egoism--individual or congregational--haunts u 9 all t we d = our p1 & suppresses ! r>e manife/ations ( national feel+1 be+ ! /rong] ( ! two4 ,?is1 !n1 0 ! /ate ( feel+ to :i* we _h to appeal1 by means ( :i* we _h to create ! inv9cible fai? & ! indomitable w t are ne$$ = a great1 con/ructive national ef=t4 ,:at ought we to h done8 ,x foll[s f :at has be5 said above t we ought to h made x our fir/ object to br+ ab\t a revival--to inspire m5 ) a deep] atta*m5t to ! national life1 & a m ard5t desire = ! national well-be+4 ,by ^! means we %\ld h ar\s$ ! necess>y det]m9ation1 & we %\ld h obta9$ devot$ adh]5ts4 ,no d\bt su* "w is v difficult & takes a long "t1 n "o ye> or "o decade2 &1 ,i repeat1 x is n to be accompli%$ by spee*es alone1 b dem&s ! employm5t ( all means by :i* m5's he>ts c be won4 ,h5ce x is probable--9 fact almo/ c]ta9--t if we _h *os5 ?is me?od we %\ld n yet h _h "t to produce concrete results 9 ,pale/9e itself3 lack+ ! res\rces necess>y to d ?+s well1 we %\ld h be5 too prud5t to d ?+s badly4 ,b1 on ! o!r side1 we %\ld h made /r5u\s endeav\rs to tra9 up ,jews :o w\ld "w = _! p4 ,we %\ld h /riv5 gradually to ext5d ! empire ( our ideal 9 ,jewry1 till at la/ x c\ld f9d g5u9e1 :ole-he>t$ devotees1 ) all ! qualities ne$$ to enable !m to "w = its practical realisation4 ,b su* 0 n ! policy ( ! fir/ *ampions ( our ideal4 ,z ,jews1 !y _h a spice ( individualism 9 _! nationalism1 & 7 n capable ( plant+ a tree s t o!rs might eat its fruit aft] !y !mselves 7 dead & gone4 ,n satisfi$ ) work+ among ! p to tra9 up ^? :o w\ld ultimately "w 9 ! l&1 !y want$ to see ) _! own eyes ! actual "w 9 ! l& & its results4 ,:51 !re=e1 !y f\nd t _! fir/ rally+-cry1 9 :i* !y bas$ _! appeal on ! g5]al good1 did n at once r\se ! national det]m9ation to take up ,pale/9ian "w1 !y summon$ to _! aid--l our tea*]s ( old--! individuali/ic motive1 & re/$ _! appeal on economic want1 :i* is always sure ( sympa?y4 ,to ?is end !y began to publi% fav\rable reports1 & to make optimi/ic calculations1 :i* pla9ly %[$ t s _m dunams#h ( l&1 s _m head ( cattle & s mu* equipm5t1 co/+ s-&-s mu*1 7 suffici5t 9 ,pale/9e to keep a :ole family 9 com=t & afflu5ce3 s t anybody :o want$ to d well & _h ! necess>y capital %\ld betake him to ! goodly l&1 :]e he & 8 family w\ld prosp]1 :ile ! nation too w\ld b5efit4 ,an appeal on ^! l9es did really induce "s p to g to ,pale/9e 9 ord] to w9 com=t & afflu5ce2 :]eat ! promot]s ( ! idea 7 mightily pleas$1 & did n exam9e v closely :at k9d ( p ! emigrants to ,pale/9e 71 & :y !y w5t4 ,b ^! p1 mo/ ( :om 7 by no means prep>$ to submit *e]fully to discom=t = ! sake ( a national ideal1 f\nd :5 !y rea*$ ,pale/9e t !y _h be5 tak5 9 by imag9ative reports & e/imates2 & !y set up--& are /ill keep+ up--a l\d & bitt] outcry1 seek+ to ga9 _! individual ends by all means 9 _! p[]1 & reg>dless ( any di/9ction betwe5 :at is legitimate & :at is n1 or ( ! fair "n ( ! ideal :i* !y di%on\r4 ,! details ( ! /ory are public prop]ty4 ,:at wond]1 !n1 t s great an ideal1 pres5t$ 9 s unwor?y a =m1 c no long] ga9 adh]5ts2 t a national build+ f\nd$ on ! expectation ( pr(it & self-int]e/ falls to ru9s :5 x becomes g5]ally kn[n t ! expectation has n be5 realis$1 & self-int]e/ bids m5 keep away8 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is1 !n1 is ! wrong way4 ,c]ta9ly1 see+ t ^! ru9s are already !re1 we are n at lib]ty to neglect ! task ( m5d+ & improv+ s f> z we c4 ,b at ! same "t we mu/ rememb] t x is n on ^! t we mu/ base our hope ( ultimate success4 ,! he>t ( ! p--t is ! f\ndation on :i* ! l& w be reg5]at$4 ,& ! p is brok5 into fragm5ts4 ,s let u return to ! road on :i* we />t$ :5 our idea fir/ arose4 ,in/ead ( add+ yet m ru9s1 let u endeav\r to give ! idea itself /rong roots & to /r5g!n & deep5 its hold on ! ,jewi% p1 n by =ce1 b by ! _s4 ,!n we %all 9 "t h ! possibility ( do+ actual "w4 8,i %all see x1 b n n[3 ,i %all behold x1 b n nigh40 ,,ii 8,let u n !orise too mu*1 or slack5 our ef=ts4 ,let u avoid impati5ce & undue ha/e4 ,let u increase our devotion to our p & our love = our ance/ral l&1 & ! ,god ( ,zion w help u40 ,^! are ! conclud+ words ( ! long criticism ( my fir/ essay :i* appe>$ 9 ha-,meliz4#i ,x might be inf]r$ t my advice to ! ,*ovev ,zion 0 t !y %\ld conf9e !mselves to !ory1 give up practical "w1 proce$ ) undue ha/e1 & refra9 f increas+ devotion to our p & love = our ance/ral l&4 ,b any att5tive read] ( my article w n ne$ to be told t z reg>ds ! two la/ po9ts ,i said ! exact opposite3 t we %\ld n1 ?r\gh undue ha/e1 attempt to a*ieve by ! appeal to self-int]e/ ?+s :i* are n yet ripe = a*ievem5t by =ce ( ! ideal itself1 because s long z ,*ibba? ,zion is n a liv+ & burn+ passion 9 ! he>t ( ! p we lack ! only basis on :i* ! l& c\ld be reg5]at$1 & = t reason we mu/ /rive ) all our might to increase our devotion to our p & our love = our ance/ral l&4 ,b z reg>ds !oris+ & neglect+ action1 ,i may really h left my mean+ unc]ta9 ?r\gh excessive brevity4 ,?\gh ,i said explicitly t propag&a c\ld be made only by "w compet5tly done1 & n by spee*es alone1 x is possible t ,i ought to h add$--:at is really self-evid5t f ! context--t s long z ! "t is n ripe = ! actual c>ry+ out ( our idea1 ! object ( ev]y?+ t we d on a small scale ought to be simply to w9 adh]5ts to our cause2 t by t te/ & t alone we ought to di/+ui% betwe5 :at is well & :at is ill done bo? 9 ,pale/9e & outside x2 t !re=e quality & n quantity mu/ be our conc]n1 & we mu/ n conf9e our ef=ts to ! improvem5t ( ! colonies1 b mu/ use all ! _m & v>i\s ways ( appeal+ to ! p4 ,x is !re=e futile = my critic to lab\r to prove t ! ,*ovev ,zion _h no "r 8to def] action until !y _h creat$ a new /ate ( m9d 9 ! ,jewi% masses & awak5$ _! national consci\sness40 8,idea & action10 he says1 8are n sep>at$ 9 our m9ds2 x requires de$s to conv9ce u4 ,h[ !n c\ld ! idea ( resettlem5t ga9 acceptance ) ! masses if x 7 n accompani$ by action80 ,all ?is does n t\* my position1 because ,i did n dem& def]m5t ( action4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i dem&$ t ev]y?+ possible %\ld be done to awak5 ! love ( ,pale/9e1 & f t x foll[s t :5 ! *ampions ( ! idea !mselves cultivate ! ,holy ,l& ) ! sweat ( _! br[s & _! he>ts' blood1 z an example1 !y are do+ ! v be/ propag&a "w4 ,b ! settlem5t z x is to-day--c x be reg>d$ z propag&a "w ( ?is k9d8 ,my critic himself says t 8! *ampions ( ! idea did n d ! "w ) _! own h&s10 b 8talk$ 9 f\r languages20 & :at !y said 0 calculat$ only to incite ^? :o 7 out = mat]ial advancem5t to g to ,pale/9e & d ! "w4 ,su* m5 did 9 fact g to ,pale/9e1 & we "k :at !y did & :at happ5$ to !m & :at ! settlem5t has become4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t ! idea has gone on los+ its influ5ce on ! m9ds ( ! p1 & t ! he>t ( ! ,jew does n gl[ at ! vision ( ,jewi% f>m]s hoe+ & pl\gh+ ! l& ( our fa!rs1 z 9 ! days ( ,david & ,solomon4 ,nei!r ! de$s nor ! do]s are su* z to inspire en?usiasm 9 a p ^: he>t is *ill$ by age & tr\ble4 ,b my critic jo9s issue ) me 9 pr9ciple z well4 ,he ma9ta9s t by no possible means c we succe$ 9 ar\s+ a /rong national s5tim5t among our p1 because ev] s9ce we became a nation 8! s5tim5t ( nationality has be5 =eign to ! _s ( our p1 & ! individual ,jew seeks r 8 own good & 8 private advantage20 & x is va9 = u to fight aga9/ ! _s & natural "* ( ! p1 8= no?+ avails aga9/ national "*40 ,h5ce ! ,*ovev ,zion *ose ! l9e ( self-int]e/1 n because !y pref]r$ x1 b because no o!r 0 op54 8,! ,jewi% masses d n prop]ly und]/& ! language ( ! national s5tim5t4 ,our endeav\r mu/ be to make actions speak to !m 9 a language :i* !y d und]/&--! language ( self-int]e/4 ,!n calculation w succe$ :]e s5tim5t _c40 ,n[ 8! language ( self-int]e/0 is ! language ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 :i* speaks to ea* individual 9 ! p>ticul> /yle adapt$ to 8 position & ambitions1 & to no man 9 a spee* :i* 8 neighb\r und]/&s2 & ,i = my "p am unable to see h[ x c s]ve u in/ead ( ! unv>y+ appeal ( ! national s5tim5t1 :i* unites all he>ts = "o aim & "o purpose4 ,ev5 ! ,utilit>ians1 :o tri$ to trace all moral & social t5d5cies to ! pursuit ( individual advantage1 7 conc]n$ only to expla9 ! fir/ cause ( ^! t5d5cies1 & to %[ h[ !y came into exi/5ce & develop$1 z aga9/ ^? :o attribut$ _! pres5ce to a direct int]position ( ,provid5ce4 ,b x is univ]sally admitt$ t self-int]e/ alone1 z x is 9 itself1 _c provide a basis = any organis$ society or any great collective ef=t4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 waive t po9t1 & let u he> f our critic's own lips :at is ! language ( self-int]e/ 9 ?is matt]4 8,national s5tim5t10 he says1 8is =eign to ! _s ( our p4 ,! way to conv9ce !m is to %[ by figures t any indu/ri\s & peaceable man w f9d :at he wants 9 ,pale/9e1 provid$ he has physical /r5g? & capital40 ,he admits1 !n1 t only a man :o has capital & physical /r5g?1 & is indu/ri\s & peaceable to boot1 w f9d 9 ,pale/9e :at he wants--t is to say1 8 individual advantage4 ,n[ x is difficult to f9d ! la/-nam$ qualifications 9 a ,jew :o has capital1 & is accu/om$ to make 8 liv+ easily & to h a great reg>d = 8 own dignity2 & ap>t f t1 we h to rememb] t su* a man w n easily f9d :at he wants 9 ,pale/9e4 ,= a man ) capital wants n m]ely pla9 food & raim5t3 he wants also ! luxuries & pleasures to :i* he has be5 us$4 ,& if he is ?9k+ ( 8 individual advantage1 he w c]ta9ly come to ! conclusion t x is folly to lay out 8 capital 9 pur*as+ a piece ( l& 9 ,pale/9e1 :]e at ! v be/ he w h to "w h>d )\t be+ able to f9d satisfaction = ev5 a half ( 8 desires4 ,to ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t our critic himself be>s witness4 ,he tells u t 89 ^? days also 7i4e41 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! colonisation "w7 ! movem5t exi/$ pr9cipally among ! poor1 :o hop$ to be e/abli%$ by ! g5]osity ( o!rs2 & ! ri* held alo(1 !n z n[40 ,aga93 8,9 ! w9t] ( #ahha-hb ! fir/ emiss>y travell$ to ,pale/9e1 be>+ writt5 au?ority f a numb] ( m5 9 good circum/ances to pur*ase l& on _! behalf4 ,he b\ght ! l& ( ,ri%on-le-,zion1 b ^? :o _h au?oris$ him to buy = !m *ang$ _! m9ds40 ,& aga93 8,( ^? :o b\ght plots ( l& 9 ! colony j m5tion$ x 0 only ! poor :o w5t to ,pale/9e2 ! ri* rema9$ at home40 ,f9ally3 8,! net result ( ! :ole movem5t 0 t1 ) few exceptions1 ^? :o rema9$ 9 ,pale/9e 7 m5 9 ! la/ /age ( pov]ty40 ,exp]i5ce1 !re=e1 tea*es u t m5 ( capital1 if !y und]/& no language except t ( individual self-int]e/1 w n g to f9d 9 ,pale/9e 8:at !y want10 because !y want m ?an !y w f9d !re4 ,:o is !re1 !n1 :om figures c p]suade or to :om self-int]e/ c recomm5d ,pale/9e1 if ^? :o c\ld g w n1 & ^? :o w\ld _c8 ,i ask$ 9 my article :y ! idea lo/ gr\nd among our p f ! "t :5 x began to take practical %ape 9 ! l&4 ,our critic answ]s ) a sigh3 8,our impati5t p saw t a long "t & a great deal ( money w\ld be ne$$ to put ! colonies :i* _h be5 f\nd$ into a satisfactory condition1 & _! c\rage fail$ !m4 ,= eighte5 hundr$ ye>s we f\nd x possible to exi/ )\t mov+ a f+] = ! colonisation ( our l& & ! salvation ( our p2 b n[ t we h n be5 able to make our colonies all t !y %\ld be 9 six ye>s1 we lose he>t4 ,are we n an impati5t p80 ,he does n realise t :at he attributes to impati5ce is simply an inevitable result ( ! appeal to self-int]e/4 ,= eighte5 hundr$ ye>s we did n move a f+] = ! colonisation ( our l&1 because we did n expect x to br+ u advantage z individuals4 ,9 rec5t ye>s we h paid att5tion to ! colonisation ( our l&1 because reports & /ati/ics h l$ u to hope t x w br+ u advantage z individuals4 ,b n[1 :5 we see t a long "t & a great deal ( money w be ne$$ to put ! colonies already f\nd$ into a satisfactory condition1 x becomes cle> t f ! po9t ( view ( individual self-int]e/ ! ?+ is n wor? :ile2 & s we h q ju/ifiably lo/ he>t1 & ! colonisation ( our l& has become a *>itable affair1 :i* af=ds a scant subsi/5ce to "s hundr$s ( p 89 ! la/ /age ( pov]ty40 99 99 99 99 99 ,su*1 !n1 is ! language ( individual self-int]e/4 ,_h our critic really be5 able to adduce conv9c+ argum5ts 9 support ( 8 sev]e judgm5t t !re nev] 0 & nev] w be any national s5tim5t among ! ,jews1 & t individual ,jews w nev] be able to rise above 8private advantage & individual self-int]e/10 !n we might z well ?r[ up ! sponge4 ,we %\ld h no "r to be call$ a p or to lay claim to a l&4 ,b1 luckily = u1 8 argum5ts are n s dang]\s4 ,z a g5]al rule1 e?nological inve/igations into ! *>act]i/ics ( diff]5t p are extremely speculative & haz>d\s4 ,"o e?nologi/ set ab\t to collect ! op9ions ( ! =emo/ au?orities z to ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,arabs1 & ?is is :at he f\nd4 ,"s ma9ta9 t ! ,arab is a man ( action1 conc]n$ only ) concrete ?+s1 & v weak on ! side ( imag9ation2 :ile o!rs ass]t t bo? ! ,arabs & ! ,hebrews are /rongly imag9ative1 & t among ! ,arabs ! imag9ation is always m p[]ful ?an ! reason4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,spr5g] reg>ds x z self-evid5t t ! pr$om9ance ( ! imag9ation ov] ! reason is a *>act]i/ic oppos$ to ! ,arab _s1 & lays x d[n z a tru? univ]sally recognis$ t ! _s ( ! ,semitic peoples g5]ally is objective2 :]eas ,lass51 & aft] him ,r5an1 reg>d x z univ]sally recognis$ t ! fundam5tal *>act]i/ic ( ! ,semitic peoples is subjectivity4#aj ,if !re are ^! diff]5ces ( op9ion z reg>ds ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,arabs1 :o h nev] be5 uproot$ & driv5 into exile1 c anybody h ! assurance to dogmatise ab\t ! *>act]i/ics ( a p l our own1 :i* has be5 scatt]$ among diff]5t peoples ^! two ?\s& ye>s8 ,c anybody be s all-kn[+ z to di/+ui% ) precision betwe5 ^? *>act]i/ics :i* are innate & orig9al 9 u1 & ^? :i* h be5 produc$ 9 u by our own environm5t 9 exile2 to trace "o by "o all ! mutations :i* ! orig9al & ! acquir$ traits h und]gone 9 ! passage f g5]ation to g5]ation & f l& to l&2 to =eca/ :i* ( our *>act]i/ics may or may n *ange ) a *ange ( environm5t8 ,:y1 "h is our critic lay+ d[n ! law ab\t ! ,jewi% "* z ?\gh x 7 some?+ fix$ & un*angeable by "t or place1 :ile "o fam\s mod]n writ] has pick$ out ! ,jews to demon/rate ! tru? ( 8 !ory t national *>act]i/ics dep5d m on environm5t & social conditions ?an on h]$ity1 because he f9ds t our *>act]i/ics diff] 9 diff]5t c\ntries & *ange at diff]5t p]iods1 accord+ to our environm5t & ! _s ( ! p among :om we live4#aa ,?is be+ s1 ,i w n enl>ge on ! details ( our critic's !ory z to ,jewi% *>act]i/ics1 b w conf9e myself to t "o dang]\s *>act]i/ic :i* he attributes to u--! innate lack ( national s5tim5t4 ,9 my essay ,i argu$ ?us3 ,see+ t ! ,law ( ,moses is entirely bas$ on ! welf>e ( ! :ole nation1 s mu* s t x has no ne$ to appeal to belief 9 future rew>d & puni%m5t 7a belief :i* 0 kn[n 9 ,egypt 9 v e>ly times7 9 ord] to satisfy ! individual1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 inf]r+ ! exi/5ce at t "t ( a v /rong national s5tim5t 9 ! :ole p1 or ! mo/ important section ( x2 & x 0 only ?r\gh hi/orical circum/ances t ?is s5tim5t aft]w>ds lo/ its =ce4 ,?us we are at lib]ty to believe t by appropriate means x is possible to revive to-day 9 our p a s5tim5t :i* x already _h 9 anci5t times4 ,to ?is our critic replies3 8,if ! ,law look$ only at ! g5]al good1 t is n because at a c]ta9 "t ! _s ( individualism did n exi/ 9 ,israel1 b because ! ,law is practical & reckons ) facts4 ,we see t ! individual is expos$ to all k9ds ( accid5ts & mis=tunes4 ,h[1 !n1 c\ld a practical ,law l ours gu>antee individual happ9ess1 :i* is unrealisable80 ,i h tri$ my h>de/1 ,heav5 kn[s1 to discov] :at ?is means1 b 9 va94 ,x simply proves my po9t4 ,= if ,judaism is reali/ic1 & if ! happ9ess ( ! individual on e>? is unrealisable1 & if at ! same "t !re 0 no national s5tim5t1 & ! p atta*$ no great importance to ! well-be+ ( ! nation z a :ole--!n h[ c\ld ,judaism be cont5t ) promis+ a rew>d :i* c\ld n h mu* value z an inc5tive to "r liv+1 :5 x might h done z o!r religions h done1 bo? be=e & s9ce1 & z x did itself at a mu* lat] p]iod1 9 response to ! ne$s ( ! "t3 namely1 h promis$ e individual a rew>d 9 heav58 ,& our critic gets himself into all ?is difficulty simply because he f9ds x /at$ by ,*wolson t all ,semites are individuali/ic by nature4 ,if t is s1 we _c admit ! exi/5ce ( a national s5tim5t 9 ,israel at any p]iod4 ,n[ we h se5 above h[ mu* reliance c be plac$ 9 su* matt]s on ! /atem5ts ( well-kn[n au?orities4 ,b if we exam9e c>efully ! passage :i* our critic quotes f ,*wolson1 we %all be ev5 m surpris$ at 8 f9d+ 9 x suffici5t gr\nd = pass+ su* a sweep+ judgm5t on 8 p4 ,*wolson says3 8,!re 0 sc>cely ev] a /rong bond ( union betwe5 ! ,jewi% tribes4 ,a full national consci\sness has nev] develop$ v f> among ,semites4 ,ea* tribe is a unity1 ! memb]s ( :i* are closely b\nd toge!r among !mselves2 b !re is no feel+ ( unity betwe5 ! diff]5t tribes40 ,! explanation1 accord+ to ,*wolson1 lies 9 t individualism 8:i* is especially *>act]i/ic ( ! ,semites40 ,b :o c %[ h[ 8a full national consci\sness0 diff]s 9 "* f a feel+ ( love = & atta*m5t to a s+le tribe8 ,& if x 0 individualism--& n ext]nal circum/ances--:i* prev5t$ ! ,jewi% tribes f be+ jo9$ by 8a /rong bond ( union10 h[ is x t ?is individualism all[$ ea* tribe to become a closely-knit unity8 ,surely1 :5 a man feels x necess>y & possible to subord9ate 8 individual int]e/s to ^? ( ! l>g] unit to :i* he belongs1 ev5 if t unit is only a petty tribe1 he has already got beyond individualism1 & is !re=e capable ev5 ( 8a full national consci\sness10 provid$ t !re are no ext]nal ob/acles2 & ! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! national s5tim5t ( a ,fr5*man & ! tribal s5tim5t ( a ,mont5egr9 lies 9 ! magnitude ( :at inspires ! s5tim5t1 n 9 ! "* ( ! s5tim5t itself4 ,&1 9 fact1 x does happ5 9 all p]iods1 "u suitable conditions1 t tribal patriotism exp&s into national patriotism4 ,! anci5t ,greeks 7 at fir/ divid$ into small tribes1 cont9ually at w> ) "o ano!r1 & x 0 only at a late p]iod t !y acquir$ ! s5tim5t ( national unity4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! ,italian cities 7 sep>ate & mutually ho/ile1 & yet at la/ ! ,italians develop$ a /rong national s5tim5t4 ,&1 to come to rec5t times1 :o does n "k :at ! ,g]mans 7 until a few decades ago8 8,we /ill rememb]10 says "o ( _! great writ]s1#ab 8! "t :5 we 7 ju/ly reproa*$ ) be+ conspicu\s among all ! civilis$ peoples ( ,europe = our lack ( a /rong & heal?y national s5tim5t40 ,& look at ! ,g]mans n[6 ,9 a ^w3 ! cont5tion t ,semites 9 g5]al1 or ! ,jews 9 p>ticul>1 _c h a national s5tim5t 7a s5tim5t ( :i* "o ( ! greate/ sci5ti/s#ac f9ds traces ev5 9 animals7 ne$s to be support$ by weighti] evid5ce4 ,& until su* evid5ce is =?com+1 8let u n slack5 our ef=ts1 & let u avoid undue ha/e4 ,let u increase our devotion to our p & our love = our ance/ral l&1 & ! ,god ( ,zion w help u40 ,footnote #d3 i4e41 ,jewi% agricultural settlem5ts 9 ,pale/9e4 ,footnote #e3 ,*alukah--lit4 8division0--is ! ,hebrew "n = ! /ream ( *>ity :i* fl[s--or fl[$ be=e ! w>--into ,pale/9e f all qu>t]s ( ! ,jewi% disp]sion4 ,int5d$ prim>ily = ! support ( s*ol>s1 x has 9 practice done mu* to paup]ise ! ,jewi% population 9 ! cities ( ,pale/9e1 & has creat$ a problem :i* x may take a g5]ation or m ( economic progress to solve4 ,footnote #f3 ,b>on ,edmond de ,ro?s*ild4 ,footnote #g3 ,! ,jewi% tea*]s ( ! p]iod 7r\ghly7 f #bjj ,b4,c4 to #bjj ,c4,e4 ,!y 7 responsible = ! ,mi%nah--! fir/ ,code ( ,jewi% ,law aft] ! ,p5tateu*--& = ! e>lie/ comm5t>ies on ! ,bible or p>ts ( x1 "o ( :i* is call$ ,sifr4 ,footnote #h3 ,a ,turki% measure ab\t acre4 ,footnote #i3 ,! ,hebrew pap] 9 :i* ?is & ! =ego+ essay orig9ally appe>$4 ,footnote #aj3 ,a4 ,mll]1 ,zeits*rift fr ,vlk]psy*ologie1 ,,xiv41 p4 #dce4 ,footnote #aa3 ,h5ry ,george1 ,progress & ,pov]ty1 p4 #ceb4 ,footnote #ab3 ,ed4 ,zell]1 ,vortrge1 ,,ii41 p4 #dcd4 ,footnote #ac3 ,du ,bois-,reymond1 ,r$51 ,i41 p4 #cji4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,zioni/ ,,congress 7#ahigad7 ,! ,congress ( ! ,zioni/s1 ! subject ( a controv]sy :i* has fill$ ! empt9ess ( our little _w = "s mon?s pa/1 is n[ a piece ( hi/ory4 ,ab\t two hundr$ ,jews1 ( all l&s & ( all p>ties1 met at ,basle1 & = ?ree days 7#bi-ca ,augu/7 f morn+ till ev5+ !y discuss$ publicly1 9 ! sight ( ! :ole _w1 ! e/abli%m5t ( a secure home = ! ,jewi% p 9 ! l& ( its ance/ors4 ,?us ! national answ] to ! 8,jewi% problem0 came out ( its retirem5t into ! light ( day1 & 0 proclaim$ to ! _w 9 r++ tones1 9 cle> language & 9 manly fa%ion--a ?+ ! l ( :i* _h nev] happ5$ s9ce ! ,jews 7 exil$ f _! l&4 ,t is all4 ,! ,congress c\ld d no m1 _h ne$ to d no m4 ,=--:y deceive ourselves8--( all ! great objects ( ,*ibba? ,zion 7or1 z !y call x n[1 8,zionism071 !re is only "o t[>ds ! accompli%m5t ( :i* we h at pres5t ! /r5g? to approa* 9 any appreciable degree1 & t is ! moral object--! emancipation ( ourselves f ! inn] slav]y & ! spiritual degradation :i* assimilation has produc$ 9 u1 & ! /r5g!n+ ( our national unity by jo9t action 9 e sph]e ( our national life1 until we become capable & wor?y ( a life ( dignity & fre$om at "s "t 9 ! future4 ,ev]y?+ else lies at yet 9 ! realm ( idea & imag9ation4 ,^? :o oppose ! 8,jewi% ,/ate0 d\bt :e!r x w be possible to obta9 ! cons5t ( ! nations1 & especially ( ,turkey1 to its e/abli%m5t4 ,b x seems to me t !re is a /ill m difficult "q4 ,if we _h ?is cons5t1 %\ld we1 9 our pres5t moral condition1 be fit to accept x8444 ,nor is t all4 ,"o may ev5 d\bt :e!r ! e/abli%m5t ( a 8,jewi% ,/ate0 at ! pres5t "t1 ev5 9 ! mo/ complete =m t we c imag9e1 hav+ reg>d to ! g5]al int]national position1 w\ld give u ! "r to say t our problem _h be5 completely solv$1 & our national ideal atta9$4 8,rew>d is proportionate to suff]+40#ae ,aft] two ?\s& ye>s ( untold mis]y & suff]+1 ! ,jewi% p _c possibly be cont5t ) atta9+ at la/ to ! position ( a small & insignificant nation1 ) a ,/ate toss$ ab\t l a ball betwe5 its p[]ful neighb\rs1 & ma9ta9+ its exi/5ce only by diplomatic %ifts & cont9ual truckl+ to ! fav\r$ ( =tune4 ,an anci5t p1 :i* 0 once a beacon to ! _w1 _c possibly accept1 z a satisfactory rew>d = all t x has endur$1 a ?+ s trifl+1 :i* _m o!r peoples1 unr5[n$ & uncultur$1 h won 9 a %ort "t1 )\t go+ ?r\gh a hundr$? "p ( ! suff]+4 ,x 0 n = no?+ t ,israel _h ,prophets1 ^: vision saw ,righte\sness rul+ ! _w at ! end ( days4 ,x 0 _! nationalism1 _! love = _! p & _! l&1 t gave ! ,prophets t vision4 ,= 9 _! day ! ,jewi% ,/ate 0 always betwe5 two fires--,assyria or ,babylon on "o side1 & ,egypt on ! o!r--& x nev] _h any *ance ( a peaceful life & natural developm5t4 ,s 8,zionism0 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,prophets exp&$1 & produc$ t great vision ( ! end ( days1 :5 ! wolf %\ld lie d[n ) ! lamb1 & nation %\ld no long] lift up ! sword aga9/ nation--& !n ,israel too %\ld dwell securely 9 8 l&4 ,& s ?is ideal = humanity has always be5 & w always be inevitably an ess5tial "p ( ! national ideal ( ! ,jewi% p2 & a 8,jewi% ,/ate0 w be able to give ! p re/ only :5 univ]sal ,righte\sness is en?ron$ & holds sway ov] nations & ,/ates4 ,we w5t to ,basle1 !n1 n to f\nd a ,jewi% ,/ate to-day or to-morr[1 b to proclaim al\d to all ! nations t ! ,jewi% p /ill lives & desires to live4 ,we h to proclaim ?is 9 season & out1 n 9 ord] t ! nations may he>k5 & give u :at we want1 b prim>ily 9 ord] t we ourselves may he> ! e*o ( our cry 9 our inmo/ he>ts1 & p]haps be r\s$ !reby f our degradation4 ,?is function ! ,basle ,congress fulfill$ admirably 9 its op5+ /ages2 & = ?is x w\ld h des]v$ et]nal commemoration 9 lett]s ( gold--_h x n tri$ to d m4 ,once aga9 our impati5ce1 t curse :i* dogs u & ru9s all t we d1 _h full re94 ,if ^? :o conv5$ ! ,congress _h arm$ !mselves ) pati5ce1 & _h begun by /at+ cle>ly t ! ,messiah 0 n yet 9 sight1 & t = ! mom5t we c\ld a*ieve no?+ beyond :at words & en?usiasm c\ld d--! revival ( our national _s1 & ! ann\ncem5t ( ?is revival 9 a public mann]--!n1 no d\bt1 ! ,congress w\ld h be5 mu* less well att5d$ ?an x 01 & "o day w\ld h suffic$ = its bus9ess in/ead ( ?ree3 b t "o day w\ld h be5 wor? :ole g5]ations1 & ! delegates1 ! *os5 ( our p 7= only ! *os5 ( our p w\ld h be5 int]e/$ 9 su* a ,congress7 w\ld h return$ to _! sev]al homes fill$ ) life & det]m9ation & new-born en]gy1 to imp>t _! life & det]m9ation & en]gy to ! :ole p4 ,b z x is4444 ,! f\nd]s ( ?is movem5t are 8,europeans10 &1 be+ exp]t 9 ! ways ( diplomacy & ! proc$ure ( latt]-day political p>ties1 !y br+ ^! ways & proc$ure ) !m to ! 8,jewi% ,/ate40 444 ,emiss>ies 7 s5t out be=e ! ,congress1 & v>i\s h9ts 7 spread abroad 9 writ+ & by ^w ( m\?1 s z to ar\se 9 ! masses an exagg]at$ hope ( imm95t r$emption4 ,?us 0 k9dl$ ! false fire ( a fev]i% en?usiasm1 :i* br\ght to ! ,basle ,congress a rabble ( y\ng/]s--9 ye>s or 9 und]/&+--& _! s5seless proce$+s robb$ x ( its bloom & made x a mock]y4 ,c\ncils l>ge & small1 committees )\t numb]1 a %eaf ( fanta/ic proposals ab\t a 8,national ,fund10#af & ! re/ ( ! haute politique ( ! ,jewi% ,/ate--^! are ! 8practical0 results ( ! ,congress4 ,h[ c\ld x be o!rwise8 ,mo/ ( ! delegates1 repres5t+ ! d[n-trodd5 ,jews :o long = r$emption1 7 s5t = "o purpose & on "o und]/&+ only--t !y %\ld br+ r$emption back ) !m4 ,h[ c\ld !y return home )\t be+ able to ann\nce t ! managem5t ( ! 8,/ate0 9 all its v>i\s bran*es _h be5 put 9 good h&s1 & t all ! important que/ions connect$ ) x _h be5 rais$ & exam9$ & solv$8 ,hi/ory repeats itself4 ,sev5 ye>s ago our p look$ to ! ,executive ,committee#ag at ,jaffa z x looks n[ to ! ,basle ,congress4 ,a l>ge numb] ( p w5t to ,pale/9e1 ?9k+ to buy ! l& & to build doz5s ( colonies 9 a s+le day4 ,hope & en?usiasm grew day by day1 n less ?an n[4 ,!n also haute politique--?\gh 9 a diff]5t =m--0 our undo+4 ,! lead]s ( ! movem5t ar\s$ an artificial exaltation 9 ! p by promises & expectations :i* 7 n de/9$ to be fulfill$2 & ?is exaltation c\ld n la/ long4 ,! dream fl$1 eyes 7 op5$1 & disappo9tm5t begat despair4 ,at t "t1 9 ! mid/ ( ! hubbub & en?usiasm1 ,i v5tur$ to tell ! public ! bitt] tru?1#ah to w>n ! p n to be l$ a/ray by false hopes3 & _m reg>d$ me z a traitor to my p1 z "o :o h9d]$ ! r$emption4 ,n[ we h se5 ^! same m51 ! 8practical0 m5 ( t day1 among ! delegates at ,basle1 cr[n+ ! new movem5t ) wrea?s1 & mak+ game ( 8practical colonisation0--z ?\gh !y _h completely =gott5 t ! responsibility = :at has happ5$ to ! colonisation "w lies n on ! "w itself1 b on !m1 because !y c>ri$ x on by crook$ me?ods & turn$ x f its true purpose1 9 ord] to create a great popul> movem5t at a s+le /roke4 ,at ,basle1 z at ,jaffa1 ,i sat solit>y among my fri5ds1 l a m\rn] at a w$d+-fea/4 ,b n[1 z !n1 ,i may n hold back ! tru?4 ,let o!rs say :at !y w1 out ( too mu* simplicity or = worse reasons3 ,i _c refra9 f utt]+ a w>n+ t dang] is at h& & ! reaction is close ^u u4 ,to-day1 z be=e1 ! en?usiasm is artificial1 & 9 ! end x w lead to ! despair t foll[s disillusionm5t4 ,sev5 ye>s ago ! delegates return$ f ,jaffa full ( good tid+s4 ,r$emption _h come to ! l&1 & we _h no?+ to d b wait till ! v9e bore its fruit4 ,n[ ! delegates return & tell u t r$eem]s h aris5 = ,israel1 & we h no?+ to d b wait till diplomacy f9i%es its "w4 ,& n[1 z !n1 ! eyes ( ! p w soon be op5$1 & !y w see t !y h be5 misl$4 ,! fire sudd5ly k9dl$ by hope w die d[n aga91 p]haps to ! v la/ sp>k4 ,c\ld ,i comm& ! wat]s ( ,le!1 ,i w\ld see t ev]y?+ t ! delegates saw & he>d at ,basle 0 effac$ f _! recollection1 & w\ld leave !m only "o memory3 t ( ! great & sacr$ h\r :5 !y all--^! d[n-trodd5 ,jews :o came f ! ends ( ! e>?--/ood up toge!r l bro!rs1 _! he>ts full ( sacr$ emotion & _! eyes lift$ up 9 love & pride t[>ds _! great bro!r-,jew1#ai :o /ood on ! plat=m & spoke wond]s ( 8 p1 l "o ( ! ,prophets ( old4 ,! memory ( t h\r1 7 x n t _m o!r h\rs :i* foll[$ dimm$ ! purity ( ! fir/ impression1 might h made ?is ,congress "o ( ! mo/ mom5t\s ev5ts 9 our hi/ory4 ,! salvation ( ,israel w be a*iev$ by ,prophets1 n by diplomats4444 ,footnote #ad3 ,?is note on ! fir/ ,zioni/ ,congress evok$ a /orm ( indignation1 :i* l$ ! au?or to expla9 8 views m fully 9 ! essay on 8,! ,jewi% ,/ate & ! ,jewi% ,problem40 ,z to ! unwont$ h>%ness ( "s expressions 9 ! ,note1 see ! conclud+ p>agraph ( t essay 7p4 #ee74 ,footnote #ae3 ,a famili> quotation f ! ,talmud--,abo?1 ,v41 #bc4 ,footnote #af3 ,! capital !n sugge/$ 0 t5 million p\nds6 ,footnote #ag3 ,( ! ,*ovev ,zion4 ,footnote #ah3 ,! ref]5ce is to an article call$ 8,! ,tru? ab\t ,pale/9e10 writt5 aft] ! au?or's fir/ visit to t c\ntry 9 #ahia4 ,footnote #ai3 ,dr4 ,max ,nordau4 ,,! ,,jewi% ,,/ate ,,& ,,! ,,jewi% ,,problem 7#ahigbj7 ,"s mon?s h pass$ s9ce ! ,zioni/ ,congress1 b its e*oes are /ill he>d 9 daily life & 9 ! press4 ,9 daily life ! e*oes take ! =m ( meet+s small & big1 local & c5tral4 ,s9ce ! delegates return$ home1 !y h be5 ga!r+ ! public toge!r & rec\nt+ ov] & ov] aga9 ! wond]s t !y saw enact$ be=e _! eyes4 ,! wret*$1 hungry public li/5s & waxes en?usia/ic & hopes = salvation3 = c 8!y0--! ,jews ( ! ,we/--fail to c>ry out any?+ t !y plan8 ,heads gr[ hot & he>ts beat fa/2 & _m 8communal work]s0 ^: "o c>e 9 life _h be5 = ye>s--until la/ ,augu/--! ,pale/9ian settlem5t1 & :o w\ld h giv5 ! :ole _w = a p5ny donation 9 aid ( ,pale/9e workm5 or ! ,jaffa ,s*ool1 h n[ q lo/ _! be>+s1 & ask "o ano!r3 8,:at's ! good ( ?is sort ( "w8 ,! ,messiah is ne> at h&1 & we busy ourselves ) trifles6 ,! "t has come = great de$s3 great m51 m5 ( ! ,we/1 m>* be=e u 9 ! van40--,!re has be5 a revolution 9 _! _w1 & to emphasise x !y give a new "n to ! cause3 x is no long] 8,love ( ,zion0 7,*ibba? ,zion71 b 8,zionism0 7,zioniyu?74 ,nay1 ! m c>eful among !m1 det]m9$ to leave no loop-hole = error1 ev5 keep ! ,european =m ( ! "n 78,zionismus07--?us ann\nc+ to all & sundry t !y are n talk+ ab\t any?+ s antiquat$ z ,*ibba? ,zion1 b ab\t a new1 up-to-date movem5t1 :i* comes1 l its "n1 f ! ,we/1 :]e p d n use ,hebrew4 ,9 ! press all ^! meet+s1 ) _! addresses1 motions & resolutions1 appe> ov] aga9 9 ! guise ( articles--articles writt5 9 a ve9 ( en?usiasm & triumph4 ,! meet+ 0 magnific5t1 e speak] 0 a ,demo/h5es1 ! resolutions 7 c>ri$ by acclamation1 all ^? pres5t 7 swept (f _! feet & %\t$ ) "o voice3 8,we w d & obey60--9 a ^w1 ev]y?+ 0 delightful1 entranc+1 p]fect4 ,& ! ,congress itself /ill produces a lit]ature ( its own4 ,pamphlets specially devot$ to its praises appe> 9 sev]al languages2 ,jewi% & non-,jewi% pap]s /ill occasionally publi% articles & notes ab\t x2 &1 ne$less to say1 ! 8,zioni/0 organ#ba itself endeav\rs to ma9ta9 ! impression :i* ! ,congress made1 & n to all[ x to fade too rapidly f ! public memory4 ,x se>*es ! press ( e nation & e l&1 & :]ev] x f9ds a fav\rable m5tion ( ! ,congress1 ev5 9 "s insignificant j\rnal publi%$ 9 ! language ( "o ( ! small] ,european nationalities1 x imm$iately gives a summ>y ( ! article1 ) mu* jubilation4 ,only "o small nation's language has ?us f> n be5 hon\r$ ) su* att5tion1 ?\gh its j\rnals too h lavi%$ praise on ! ,congress3 ,i mean ,hebrew4 ,9 %ort1 ! univ]sal note is "o ( rejoic+2 & x is !re=e small wond] t 9 ! mid/ ( ?is g5]al h>mony my little ,note on ! ,congress s\nd$ discordant & ar\s$ ! mo/ viol5t displeasure 9 _m qu>t]s4 ,i knew f ! />t t ,i %\ld n be =giv5 = say+ su* ?+s at su* a "t1 & ,i _h /eel$ myself to he> ) equanimity ! clatt] ( high-s\nd+ phrases & obscure innu5does--( :i* our writ]s are s prolific--& hold my peace4 ,b :5 ,i 0 attack$ by ,m4 ,l4 ,lili5blum1#bb a writ] ^: habit x is n to write propos des bottes = ! sake ( display+ 8 /yle1 ,i became conv9c$ t ?is "t ,i _h really reli$ too mu* on ! old adage3 ,v]bum sapi5ti satis4 ,x is n pleasant to swim aga9/ ! /ream2 & :5 "o does some?+ )\t enjoym5t1 purely z a duty1 "o does n put m ?an ! necess>y m9imum ( "w into ! task4 ,h5ce 9 ! note ref]r$ to ,i all[$ myself to be extremely brief1 rely+ on my read]s to fill 9 ! gaps out ( _! own k1 by connect+ :at ,i wrote ) e>li] expressions ( my views1 :i* 7 already famili> to !m4 ,i see n[ t ,i made a mi/ake1 & left room = ! ascription to me ( ideas & op9ions :i* are utt]ly remote f my true int5tion4 ,consequ5tly ,i h n[ to p]=m ! h>d & ungrateful task ( writ+ a comm5t>y on myself1 & express+ my views on ! matt] 9 h& ) great] explicitness4 99 99 99 99 99 ,nordau's address on ! g5]al condition ( ! ,jews 0 a sort ( introduction to ! bus9ess ( ! ,congress4 ,x expos$ 9 incisive language ! sore tr\bles1 mat]ial or moral1 :i* beset ! ,jews ! _w ov]4 ,9 ,ea/]n c\ntries _! tr\ble is mat]ial3 !y h a con/ant /ruggle to satisfy ! mo/ elem5t>y physical ne$s1 to w9 a cru/ ( bread & a brea? ( air--?+s :i* are d5i$ !m because !y are ,jews4 ,9 ! ,we/1 9 l&s ( emancipation1 _! mat]ial condition is n p>ticul>ly bad1 b ! moral tr\ble is s]i\s4 ,!y want to take full advantage ( _! rights1 & _c2 !y long to become atta*$ to ! p ( ! c\ntry1 & to take "p 9 its social life1 & !y are kept at arm's l5g?2 !y /rive aft] love & bro!rhood1 & are met by looks ( hatr$ & contempt on all sides2 consci\s t !y are n inf]ior to _! neighb\rs 9 any k9d ( ability or virtue1 !y h x cont9ually ?r[n 9 _! tee? t !y are an inf]ior type1 & are n fit to rise to ! same level z ! ,aryans4 ,& m to ! same effect4 ,well--:at !n8 ,nordau himself did n t\* on ?is "q3 x 0 outside ! scope ( 8 address4 ,b ! :ole ,congress 0 ! answ]4 ,beg9n+ z x did ) ,nordau's address1 ! ,congress meant ?is3 t 9 ord] to escape f all ^! tr\bles x is necess>y to e/abli% a ,jewi% ,/ate4 ,let u imag9e1 !n1 t ! cons5t ( ,turkey & ! o!r ,p[]s has already be5 obta9$1 & ! ,/ate is e/abli%$--&1 if y w1 e/abli%$ vlk]re*tli*1 ) ! full sanction ( int]national law1 z ! m extreme memb]s ( ! ,congress desire4 ,does ?is br+1 or br+ ne>1 ! end ( ! mat]ial tr\ble8 ,no d\bt1 e poor ,jew w be at p]fect lib]ty to g to 8 ,/ate & to seek 8 liv+ !re1 )\t any artificial h9drances 9 ! %ape ( re/rictive laws or any?+ ( t k9d4 ,b lib]ty to seek a livelihood is n en\gh3 he mu/ be able to f9d :at he seeks4 ,!re are natural laws :i* fett] man's fre$om ( action mu* m ?an artificial laws4 ,mod]n economic life is s complex1 & ! developm5t ( any s+le "o ( its dep>tm5ts dep5ds on s _m conditions1 t no nation1 n ev5 ! /ronge/ & ri*e/1 c\ld 9 a %ort "t create 9 any c\ntry new s\rces ( livelihood suffici5t = _m millions ( human be+s4 ,! s+le c\ntry is no long] an economic unit3 ! :ole _w is "o great m>ket1 9 :i* e ,/ate has to /ruggle h>d = its place4 ,h5ce only a fantasy bord]+ on madness c believe t s soon z ! ,jewi% ,/ate is e/abli%$ millions ( ,jews w flock to x1 & ! l& w af=d !m adequate su/5ance4 ,?9k ( ! lab\r & ! money t _h to be sunk 9 ,pale/9e ov] a long p]iod ( ye>s be=e "o new bran* ( production--v9e-gr[+--c\ld be e/abli%$ !re6 ,& ev5 to-day1 aft] all ! "w t has be5 done1 we _c yet say t ,pale/9ian w9e has f\nd ! op5+s t x ne$s 9 ! _w m>ket1 al?\gh its quantity is /ill small4 ,b if 9 #ahia ,pale/9e _h be5 a ,jewi% ,/ate1 & all ! doz5s ( ,colonies t 7 !n go+ to be e/abli%$ = ! cultivation ( ! v9e _h 9 fact be5 e/abli%$1 ,pale/9ian w9e w\ld be to-day z common z wat]1 & w\ld fet* no price at all4 ,us+ ! analogy ( ?is small example1 we c see h[ difficult x w be to />t new bran*es ( production 9 ,pale/9e1 & to f9d op5+s = its products 9 ! _w m>ket4 ,b if ! ,jews are to flock to _! ,/ate 9 l>ge numb]s1 all at once1 we may prophesy ) p]fect c]ta9ty t home competition 9 e bran* ( production 7& home competition w be inevitable1 because ! am\nt ( lab\r available w increase m quickly ?an ! dem& = x7 w prev5t any "o bran* f develop+ z x %\ld4 ,& !n ! ,jews w turn & leave _! ,/ate1 fly+ f ! mo/ deadly ( all enemies--an enemy n to be kept (f ev5 by ! magic ^w vlk]re*tli*3 f hung]4 ,true1 agriculture 9 its elem5t>y =m does n dep5d to any great ext5t on ! _w m>ket1 & at any rate x w provide ^? engag$ 9 x ) food1 if n ) pl5ty4 ,b if ! ,jewi% ,/ate sets out to save all ^? ,jews :o are 9 ! grip ( ! mat]ial problems1 or mo/ ( !m1 by turn+ !m into agriculturi/s 9 ,pale/9e1 !n x mu/ fir/ f9d ! necess>y capital4 ,at ,basle1 no d\bt1 "o he>d nave & confid5t ref]5ces to a 8,national ,fund0 ( t5 million p\nds /]l+4 ,b ev5 if we sil5ce reason1 & give ! re9 to fancy s f> z to believe t we c obta9 a ,fund ( ^? dim5sions 9 a %ort "t1 we are /ill no fur!r4 ,^? v spee*es t we he>d at ,basle ab\t ! economic condition ( ! ,jews 9 v>i\s c\ntries %[$ beyond a d\bt t our national weal? is v small1 & mo/ ( our p are bel[ ! pov]ty-l9e4 ,f ?is any man ( s5se1 ?\gh he be no great ma!matician1 c readily calculate t t5 million p\nds are a m]e no?+ comp>$ ) ! sum necess>y = ! emigration ( ! ,jews & _! settlem5t 9 ,pale/9e on an agricultural basis4 ,ev5 if all ! ri* ,jews sudd5ly became ard5t 8,zioni/s10 & e "o ( !m gave half 8 weal? to ! cause1 ! :ole w\ld /ill n make up ! ?\s&s ( millions t w\ld be ne$$ = ! purpose4 ,!re is no d\bt1 !n1 t ev5 :5 ! ,jewi% ,/ate is e/abli%$ ! ,jews w be able to settle 9 x only little by little1 ! det]m9+ factors be+ ! res\rces ( ! p !mselves & ! degree ( economic developm5t rea*$ by ! c\ntry4 ,mean:ile ! natural increase ( population w cont9ue1 bo? among ^? :o settle 9 ! c\ntry & among ^? :o rema9 outside x1 ) ! inevitable result t on ! "o h& ,pale/9e w h less & less room = new immigrants1 & on ! o!r h& ! numb] ( ^? rema9+ outside ,pale/9e w n dim9i% v mu*1 9 spite ( ! cont9ual emigration4 ,9 8 op5+ spee* at ! ,congress1 ,dr4 ,h]zl1 wi%+ to demon/rate ! sup]iority ( 8 ,/ate idea ov] ! me?od ( ,pale/9ian colonisation adopt$ hi!rto1 calculat$ t by ! latt] me?od x w\ld take n9e hundr$ ye>s be=e all ! ,jews c\ld be settl$ 9 _! l&4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,congress applaud$ ?is z a conclusive argum5t4 ,b x 0 a *eap victory4 ,! ,jewi% ,/ate itself1 d :at x w1 _c make a m fav\rable calculation4 ,tru? is bitt]1 b ) all its bitt]ness x is bett] ?an illusion4 ,we mu/ confess to ourselves t ! 8+a!r+ ( ! exiles0 is unatta9able by natural means4 ,we may1 by natural means1 e/abli% a ,jewi% ,/ate "o day1 & ! ,jews may increase & multiply 9 x until ! c\ntry w hold no m3 b ev5 !n ! great] "p ( ! p w rema9 scatt]$ 9 /range l&s4 8,to ga!r our scatt]$ ones f ! f\r corn]s ( ! e>?0 79 ! words ( ! ,pray] ,book7 is impossible4 ,only religion1 ) its belief 9 a miracul\s r$emption1 c promise t consummation4 ,b if ?is is s1 if ! ,jewi% ,/ate too means n an 8+a!r+ ( ! exiles10 b ! settlem5t ( a small "p ( our p 9 ,pale/9e1 !n h[ w x solve ! mat]ial problem ( ! ,jewi% masses 9 ! l&s ( ! ,diaspora8 ,or d ! *ampions ( ! ,/ate idea ?9k1 p]haps1 t1 be+ ma/]s 9 our own c\ntry1 we %all be able by diplomatic means to get ! v>i\s gov]nm5ts to relieve ! mat]ial suff]+s ( our scatt]$ fell[-,jews8 ,t is1 x seems to me1 ,dr4 ,h]zl's late/ !ory4 ,9 8 new pamphlet 7,d] ,basel] ,kongress7 we no long] f9d any calculation ( ! numb] ( ye>s t x w take = ! ,jews to ent] _! c\ntry4 ,in/ead1 he tells u 9 s _m words 7p4 #i7 t if ! l& becomes ! national prop]ty ( ! ,jewi% p1 ev5 ?\gh no individual ,jew owns privately a s+le squ>e y>d ( x1 !n ! ,jewi% problem w be solv$ = ev]1 ,^! words 7unless we exclude ! mat]ial aspect ( ! ,jewi% problem7 c be und]/ood only 9 ! way sugge/$ above4 ,b ?is hope seems to me s fanta/ic t ,i see no ne$ to wa/e words 9 demoli%+ x4 ,we h se5 (t5 en\gh1 ev5 9 ! case ( nations m 9 fav\r ?an ,jews are ) p[]ful ,gov]nm5ts1 h[ little diplomacy c d 9 matt]s ( ?is k9d1 if x is n back$ by a l>ge arm$ =ce4 ,nay1 x is conceivable t 9 ! days ( ! ,jewi% ,/ate1 :5 economic conditions 9 ?is or t c\ntry are su* z to induce a ,gov]nm5t to protect its p aga9/ ,jewi% competition by re/rictive legislation1 t ,gov]nm5t w f9d x easi] !n ?an x is n[ to f9d an excuse = su* action1 = x w be able to plead t if ! ,jews are n happy :]e !y are1 !y c g to _! own ,/ate4 ,! mat]ial problem1 !n1 w n be end$ by ! f\ndation ( a ,jewi% ,/ate1 nor1 g5]ally speak+1 does x lie 9 our p[] to end x 7?\gh x c\ld be eas$ m or less ev5 n[ by v>i\s means1 su* z ! enc\ragem5t ( agriculture & h&icrafts among ,jews 9 all c\ntries72 & :e!r we f\nd a ,/ate or n1 ?is p>ticul> problem w always turn at bottom on ! economic condition ( ea* c\ntry & ! degree ( civilisation atta9$ by ea* p4 ,?us we are driv5 to ! conclusion t ! only true basis ( ,zionism is to be f\nd 9 ! o!r problem1 ! moral "o4 ,b ! moral problem appe>s 9 two =ms1 "o 9 ! ,we/ & "o 9 ! ,ea/2 & ?is fact expla9s ! fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 ,we/]n 8,zionism0 & ,ea/]n ,*ibba? ,zion4 ,nordau dealt only ) ! ,we/]n problem1 app>5tly kn[+ no?+ ab\t ! ,ea/]n2 & ! ,congress z a :ole conc5trat$ on ! fir/1 & paid little att5tion to ! second4 ,! ,we/]n ,jew1 aft] leav+ ! ,ghetto & seek+ to atta* himself to ! p ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* he lives1 is unhappy because 8 hope ( an op5-arm$ welcome is disappo9t$4 ,he returns reluctantly to 8 own p1 & tries to f9d )9 ! ,jewi% community t life = :i* he ye>ns--b 9 va94 ,communal life & communal problems no long] satisfy him4 ,he has already gr[n accu/om$ to a broad] social & political life2 & on ! intellectual side ,jewi% cultural "w has no attraction1 because ,jewi% culture has play$ no "p 9 8 education f *ildhood1 & is a clos$ book to him4 ,s 9 8 tr\ble he turns to ! l& ( 8 ance/ors1 & pictures to himself h[ good x w\ld be if a ,jewi% ,/ate 7 re-e/abli%$ !re--a ,/ate arrang$ & organis$ exactly aft] ! patt]n ( o!r ,/ates4 ,!n he c\ld live a full1 complete life among 8 own p1 & f9d at home all t he n[ sees outside1 dangl$ be=e 8 eyes1 b out ( rea*4 ,( c\rse1 n all ! ,jews w be able to take w+ & g to _! ,/ate2 b ! v exi/5ce ( ! ,jewi% ,/ate w raise ! pre/ige ( ^? :o rema9 9 exile1 & _! fell[ citiz5s w no m despise !m & keep !m at arm's l5g?1 z ?\gh !y 7 ignoble slaves1 dep5d5t entirely on ! hospitality ( o!rs4 ,z he contemplates ?is fasc9at+ vision1 x sudd5ly dawns on 8 inn] consci\sness t ev5 n[1 be=e ! ,jewi% ,/ate is e/abli%$1 ! m]e idea ( x gives him almo/ complete relief4 ,he has an opportunity = organis$ "w1 = political excitem5t2 he f9ds a suitable field ( activity )\t hav+ to become subs]vi5t to non-,jews2 & he feels t ?anks to ?is ideal he /&s once m spiritually erect1 & has rega9$ human dignity1 )\t ov]mu* tr\ble & )\t ext]nal aid4 ,s he devotes himself to ! ideal ) all ! ard\r ( :i* he is capable2 he gives re9 to 8 fancy1 & lets x so> z x w1 up above reality & ! limitations ( human p[]4 ,= x is n ! atta9m5t ( ! ideal t he ne$s3 its pursuit alone is suffici5t to cure him ( 8 moral sickness1 :i* is ! consci\sness ( inf]iority2 & ! high] & m di/ant ! ideal1 ! great] its p[] ( exaltation4 ,?is is ! basis ( ,we/]n ,zionism & ! secret ( its attraction4 ,b ,ea/]n ,*ibba? ,zion has a diff]5t orig9 & developm5t4 ,orig9ally1 l 8,zionism10 x 0 political2 b be+ a result ( mat]ial evils1 x c\ld n re/ satisfi$ ) an 8activity0 consi/+ only ( outbur/s ( feel+ & f9e phrases4 ,^! ?+s may satisfy ! he>t1 b n ! /oma*4 ,s ,*ibba? ,zion began at once to express itself 9 concrete activities--9 ! e/abli%m5t ( colonies 9 ,pale/9e4 ,?is practical "w soon clipp$ ! w+s ( fancy1 & made x cle> t ,*ibba? ,zion c\ld n less5 ! mat]ial evil by "o iota4 ,"o might h ?\ght1 !n1 t :5 ?is fact became pat5t ! ,*ovev ,zion w\ld give up _! activity1 & cease wa/+ "t & en]gy on "w :i* br\ght !m no ne>] _! goal4 ,b1 no3 !y rema9$ true to _! flag1 & w5t on work+ ) ! old en?usiasm1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m did n und]/& ev5 9 _! own m9ds :y !y did s4 ,!y felt in/9ctively t s !y mu/ d2 b z !y did n cle>ly appreciate ! nature ( ?is feel+1 ! ?+s t !y did 7 n always rightly direct$ t[>ds t object :i* 9 reality 0 draw+ !m on )\t _! k4 ,= at ! v "t :5 ! mat]ial trag$y 9 ! ,ea/ 0 at its height1 ! he>t ( ! ,ea/]n ,jew 0 /ill oppress$ by ano!r trag$y--! moral "o2 & :5 ! ,*ovev ,zion began to "w = ! solution ( ! mat]ial problem1 ! national in/9ct ( ! p felt t j 9 su* "w c\ld x f9d ! rem$y = its moral tr\ble4 ,h5ce ! p took up ?is "w & w\ld n ab&on x ev5 aft] x _h become obvi\s t ! mat]ial tr\ble c\ld n be cur$ 9 ?is way4 ,! ,ea/]n =m ( ! moral tr\ble is absolutely diff]5t f ! ,we/]n4 ,9 ! ,we/ x is ! problem ( ! ,jews1 9 ! ,ea/ ! problem ( ,judaism4 ,! "o weighs on ! individual1 ! o!r on ! nation4 ,! "o is felt by ,jews :o h _h a ,european education1 ! o!r by ,jews ^: education has be5 ,jewi%4 ,! "o is a product ( anti-,semitism1 & is dep5d5t on anti-,semitism = its exi/5ce2 ! o!r is a natural product ( a real l9k ) a culture ( ?\s&s ( ye>s1 :i* w reta9 its hold ev5 if ! tr\bles ( ! ,jews all ov] ! _w come to an end1 toge!r ) anti-,semitism1 & all ! ,jews 9 e l& h com=table positions1 are on ! be/ possible t]ms ) _! neighb\rs1 & are all[$ by !m to take "p 9 e sph]e ( social & political life on t]ms ( absolute equality4 ,x is n only ,jews :o h come out ( ! ,ghetto3 ,judaism has come out1 too4 ,= ,jews ! exodus is conf9$ to c]ta9 c\ntries1 & is due to tol]ation2 b ,judaism has come out 7or is com+ out7 ( its own accord :]ev] x has come into contact ) mod]n culture4 ,?is contact ) mod]n culture ov]turns ! def5ces ( ,judaism f )91 s t ,judaism c no long] rema9 isolat$ & live a life ap>t4 ,! _s ( our p /rives = developm5t3 x wants to absorb ^? elem5ts ( g5]al culture :i* rea* x f outside1 to dige/ !m & to make !m a "p ( itself1 z x has done be=e at diff]5t p]iods ( its hi/ory4 ,b ! conditions ( its life 9 exile are n suitable4 ,9 our "t culture we>s 9 ea* c\ntry ! g>b ( ! national _s1 & ! /rang] :o w\ld woo h] mu/ s9k 8 individuality & become absorb$ 9 ! dom9ant _s4 ,= ?is reason ,judaism 9 exile _c develop its individuality 9 its own way4 ,:5 x leaves ! ,ghetto walls x is 9 dang] ( los+ its ess5tial be+ or--at be/--its national unity3 x is 9 dang] ( be+ split up into z _m k9ds ( ,judaism1 ea* ) a diff]5t "* & life1 z !re are c\ntries ( ! ,jewi% disp]sion4#bc ,& n[ ,judaism f9ds t x c no long] tol]ate ! galu?#bd =m :i* x _h to take on1 9 ob$i5ce to its w-to-live1 :5 x 0 exil$ f its own c\ntry1 & t if x loses t =m its life is 9 dang]4 ,s x seeks to return to its hi/oric c5tre1 9 ord] to live !re a life ( natural developm5t1 to br+ its p[]s into play 9 e dep>tm5t ( human culture1 to develop & p]fect ^? national possessions :i* x has acquir$ up to n[1 & ?us to contribute to ! common /ock ( humanity1 9 ! future z 9 ! pa/1 a great national culture1 ! fruit ( ! unhamp]$ activity ( a p liv+ accord+ to its own _s4 ,= ?is purpose ,judaism ne$s at pres5t b little4 ,x ne$s n an indep5d5t ,/ate1 b only ! creation 9 its native l& ( conditions fav\rable to its developm5t3 a good-siz$ settlem5t ( ,jews work+ )\t h9drance#be 9 e bran* ( culture1 f agriculture & h&icrafts to sci5ce & lit]ature4 ,?is ,jewi% settlem5t1 :i* w be a gradual gr[?1 w become 9 c\rse ( "t ! c5tre ( ! nation1 :]e9 its _s w f9d pure expression & develop 9 all its aspects up to ! highe/ degree ( p]fection ( :i* x is capable4 ,!n f ?is c5tre ! _s ( ,judaism w g =? to ! great circumf]5ce1 to all ! communities ( ! ,diaspora1 & w brea! new life into !m & pres]ve _! unity2 & :5 our national culture 9 ,pale/9e has atta9$ t level1 we may be confid5t t x w produce m5 9 ! c\ntry :o w be able1 on a fav\rable opportunity1 to e/abli% a ,/ate :i* w be a ,jewi% ,/ate1 & n m]ely a ,/ate ( ,jews4 ,?is ,*ibba? ,zion1 :i* takes ?\ght = ! pres]vation ( ,judaism at a "t :5 ,jewry suff]s s mu*1 is some?+ odd & un9telligible to ! 8political0 ,zioni/s ( ! ,we/1 j z ! dem& ( ,r4 ,jo*anan b5 ,zakkai = ,jabneh 0 /range & un9telligible to ! correspond+ p ( t "t4#bf ,& s political ,zionism _c satisfy ^? ,jews :o c>e = ,judaism3 its gr[? seems to !m to be fraught ) dang] to ! object ( _! own aspiration4 ,! secret ( our p's p]si/5ce is--z ,i h tri$ to %[ else:]e#bg--t at a v e>ly p]iod ! ,prophets taught x to respect only spiritual p[]1 & n to wor%ip mat]ial p[]4 ,= ?is reason ! cla% ) enemies /rong] ?an itself nev] br\ght ! ,jewi% nation1 z x did ! o!r nations ( antiquity1 to ! po9t ( self-effacem5t4 ,s long z we are fai?ful to ?is pr9ciple1 our exi/5ce has a secure basis3 = 9 spiritual p[] we are n inf]ior to o!r nations1 & we h no reason to efface ourselves4 ,b a political ideal :i* does n re/ on ! national culture is apt to s$uce u f our loyalty to spiritual greatness1 & to beget 9 u a t5d5cy to f9d ! pa? ( glory 9 ! atta9m5t ( mat]ial p[] & political dom9ion1 ?us break+ ! ?read t unites u ) ! pa/1 & und]m9+ our hi/orical basis4 ,ne$less to say1 if ! political ideal is n atta9$1 x w h disa/r\s consequ5ces1 because we %all h lo/ ! old basis )\t f9d+ a new "o4 ,b ev5 if x is atta9$ "u pres5t conditions1 :5 we are a scatt]$ p n only 9 ! physical b also 9 ! spiritual s5se--ev5 !n ,judaism w be 9 great dang]4 ,almo/ all our great m51 ^?1 t is1 ^: education & social position fit !m to be at ! head ( a ,jewi% ,/ate1 are spiritually f> remov$ f ,judaism1 & h no true conception ( its nature & its value4 ,su* m51 h[ev] loyal to _! ,/ate & devot$ to its int]e/s1 w necess>ily reg>d ^? int]e/s z b\nd up ) ! =eign culture :i* !y !mselves h imbib$2 & !y w endeav\r1 by moral p]suasion or ev5 by =ce1 to implant t culture 9 ! ,jewi% ,/ate1 s t 9 ! end ! ,jewi% ,/ate w be a ,/ate ( ,g]mans or ,fr5*m5 ( ! ,jewi% race4 ,we h ev5 n[ a small example ( ?is process 9 ,pale/9e4#bh ,& hi/ory tea*es u t 9 ! days ( ! ,h]odian h\se ,pale/9e 0 inde$ a ,jewi% ,/ate1 b ! national culture 0 despis$ & p]secut$1 & ! rul+ h\se did ev]y?+ 9 its p[] to implant ,roman culture 9 ! c\ntry1 & fritt]$ away ! national res\rces 9 ! build+ ( hea!n temples & amphi!atres & s =?4 ,su* a ,jewi% ,/ate w\ld spell dea? & utt] degradation = our p4 ,we %\ld nev] a*ieve suffici5t political p[] to des]ve respect1 :ile we %\ld miss ! liv+ moral =ce )94 ,! puny ,/ate1 be+ 8toss$ ab\t l a ball betwe5 its p[]ful neighb\rs1 & ma9ta9+ its exi/5ce only by diplomatic %ifts & cont9ual truckl+ to ! fav\r$ ( =tune10 w\ld n be able to give u a feel+ ( national glory2 & ! national culture1 9 :i* we might h s\ght & f\nd our glory1 w\ld n h be5 implant$ 9 our ,/ate & w\ld n be ! pr9ciple ( its life4 ,s we %\ld really be !n--mu* m ?an we are n[--8a small & insignificant nation10 enslav$ 9 _s to 8! fav\r$ ( =tune10 turn+ an envi\s & covet\s eye on ! arm$ =ce ( our 8p[]ful neighb\rs02 & our exi/5ce z a sov]eign ,/ate w\ld n add a glori\s *apt] to our national hi/ory4 ,7 x n bett] = 8an anci5t p :i* 0 once a beacon to ! _w0 to disappe> ?an to end by rea*+ su* a goal z ?is8#bi ,mr4 ,lili5blum rem9ds me t !re are 9 our "t small ,/ates1 l ,switz]l&1 :i* are safegu>d$ aga9/ int]f]5ce by ! o!r nations1 & h no ne$ ( 8cont9ual truckl+40 ,b a comp>ison betwe5 ,pale/9e & small c\ntries l ,switz]l& ov]looks ! geographical position ( ,pale/9e & its religi\s importance = all nations4 ,^! two facts w make x q impossible = its 8p[]ful neighb\rs0 7by :i* expression1 ( c\rse1 ,i did n mean1 z ,mr4 ,lili5blum int]prets1 8! ,druses & ! ,p]sians07 to leave x alone altoge!r2 & :5 x has become a ,jewi% ,/ate !y w all /ill keep an eye on x1 & ea* ,p[] w try to influ5ce its policy 9 a direction fav\rable to itself1 j z we see happ5+ 9 ! case ( o!r weak /ates 7l ,turkey7 9 :i* ! great ,european nations h 8int]e/s40 ,9 a ^w3 ,*ibba? ,zion1 no less ?an 8,zionism10 wants a ,jewi% ,/ate & believes 9 ! possibility ( ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,jewi% ,/ate 9 ! future4 ,b :ile 8,zionism0 looks to ! ,jewi% ,/ate to provide a rem$y = pov]ty1 complete tranquillity & national glory1 ,*ibba? ,zion kn[s t our ,/ate w n give u all ^! ?+s until 8univ]sal ,righte\sness is en?ron$ & holds sway ov] nations & ,/ates03 & x looks to a ,jewi% ,/ate to provide only a 8secure refuge0 = ,judaism & a cultural bond ( unity = our nation4 8,zionism10 !re=e1 beg9s its "w ) political propag&a2 ,*ibba? ,zion beg9s ) national culture1 because only ?r\gh ! national culture & = its sake c a ,jewi% ,/ate be e/abli%$ 9 su* a way z to correspond ) ! w & ! ne$s ( ! ,jewi% p4 ,dr4 ,h]zl1 x is true1 said 9 ! spee* m5tion$ above t 8,zionism0 dem&s ! return to ,judaism be=e ! return to ! ,jewi% ,/ate4 ,b ^! nice-s\nd+ words are s mu* at v>iance ) 8 de$s t we are =c$ to ! unpleasant conclusion t !y are no?+ b a well-turn$ phrase4 ,x is v difficult = me to deal ) individual actions1 on :i* "o _c t\* )\t reflect+ on individual m54 ,= ?is reason ,i cont5t$ myself1 9 my note on ! ,congress1 ) g5]al allusions1 :i*1 ,i believ$1 w\ld be readily intelligible to ^? :o 7 v]s$ 9 ! subject1 & especially to ,congress delegates4 ,b "s ( my oppon5ts h turn$ ?is scrupul\sness to use aga9/ me by pret5d+ n to und]/& at all4 ,!y ask1 ) affect$ simplicity1 :at fault ,i h to f9d ) ! ,congress1 & !y h ev5 ! assurance to d5y publicly facts :i* are common k4 ,^! tactics con/ra9 me "h1 aga9/ my w1 to raise ! arti/ic veil :i* !y h ca/ ov] ! :ole proce$+s1 & to m5tion "s details :i* ?r[ light on ! "* ( ?is movem5t & ! m5tal attitude ( its adh]5ts4 ,if x 7 really ! aim ( 8,zionism0 to br+ ! p back to ,judaism--to make x n m]ely a nation 9 ! political s5se1 b a nation liv+ accord+ to its own _s--!n ! ,congress w\ld n h po/pon$ que/ions ( national culture--( language & lit]ature1 ( education & ! diffusion ( ,jewi% k--to ! v la/ mom5t1 aft] ! end ( all ! debates on re*tli* & vlk]re*tli*1 on ! election ( ,x4 z a memb] ( ! ,committee1 on ! imag9>y millions1 & s =?4 ,:5 all ^? pres5t 7 tir$ out1 & welcom$ ! sett+ sun on ! la/ day z a sign ( ! approa*+ end1 a %ort "t 0 all[$ = a disc\rse by "o ( ! memb]s on all ^? important que/ions1 :i* are 9 reality ! mo/ vital & ess5tial que/ions4 ,naturally1 ! disc\rse1 h[ev] good1 _h to be hurri$ & %ort5$2 !re 0 no "t = discussion ( details2 a sugge/ion 0 made f ! plat=m t all ^! problems %\ld be h&$ ov] to a ,commission consi/+ ( c]ta9 writ]s1 :o 7 nam$2 & ! :ole assembly agre$ simply = ! sake ( f9i%+ ! bus9ess & gett+ away4 ,b !re is no ne$ to asc]ta9 ! attitude ( ! ,congress by inf]5ce1 because x 0 /at$ q explicitly 9 "o ( ! (ficial spee*es--a spee* :i* appe>$ on ! ag5da z 8,an ,exposition ( ! basis ( ,zionism10 & 0 submitt$ to ,dr4 ,h]zl be=e x 0 read to ! ,congress4 ,9 ?is spee* we 7 told pla9ly t ! ,we/]n ,jews 7 ne>] ?an ^? ( ! ,ea/ to ! goal ( ,zionism1 because !y _h already done half ! "w3 !y _h annihilat$ ! ,jewi% culture ( ! ,ghetto1 & 7 ?us emancipat$ f ! yoke ( ! pa/4 ,?is spee*1 too1 0 receiv$ ) prolong$ applause1 & ! ,congress pass$ a motion ord]+ x to be publi%$ z a pamphlet = di/ribution among ,jews4 ,9 "o ( ! numb]s ( ! ,zioni/ organ ,die ,welt !re appe>$ a good allegorical description ( ^? ,jews :o rema9$ 9 ! ,national ,g]man p>ty 9 ,au/ria ev5 aft] x _h unit$ ) ! anti-,semites4 ,! allegory is ( an old lady ^: lov] des]ts h] = ano!r1 & :o1 aft] try+ )\t success to br+ him back by all ! arts :i* us$ to w9 him1 beg9s to display affection = 8 new love1 hop+ t he may take pity on h] = h] magnanimity4 ,i h a %rewd suspicion t ?is allegory c equally well be appli$1 ) a slight *ange1 to its inv5tors !mselves4 ,!re is an old lady :o1 despair+ utt]ly ( rega9+ h] lov] by entreaties1 submission & humility1 sudd5ly decks h]self out 9 spl5d\r & beg9s to treat him ) hatr$ & contempt4 ,h] object is /ill to influ5ce him4 ,%e wants him at lea/ to respect h] 9 8 he>t ( he>ts1 if he c no long] love h]4 ,:oev] reads ,die ,welt att5tively & critically w n be able to avoid ! impression t ! ,we/]n 8,zioni/s0 always h _! eyes fix$ on ! non-,jewi% _w1 & t !y1 l ! assimilat$ ,jews1 are aim+ simply at f9d+ fav\r 9 ! eyes ( ! nations3 only t :]eas ! o!rs want love1 ! 8,zioni/s0 want respect4 ,!y are enorm\sly pleas$ :5 a ,g5tile says op5ly t ! 8,zioni/s0 des]ve respect1 :5 a j\rnal pr9ts "s ref]5ce to ! 8,zioni/s0 )\t mak+ a joke ( !m1 & s =?4 ,nay1 at ! la/ sitt+ ( ! ,congress ! ,presid5t f\nd x necess>y publicly to t5d] special ?anks to ! ?ree ,g5tiles :o _h hon\r$ ! meet+ by tak+ "p 9 x1 al?\gh !y 7 all ?ree sil5t memb]s1 & !re is no sign ( _! hav+ done any?+4 ,if ,i wi%$ to g into small details1 ,i c\ld %[ f v>i\s incid5ts t 9 _! g5]al conduct & proc$ure ^! 8,zioni/s0 d n try to get close to ,jewi% culture & imbibe its _s1 b t1 on ! contr>y1 !y endeav\r to imitate1 z ,jews1 ! conduct & proc$ure ( ! ,g]mans1 ev5 :]e !y are mo/ =eign to ! ,jewi% _s1 z a means ( %[+ t ,jews1 too1 c live & act l all o!r nations4 ,x may suffice to m5tion ! unpleasant incid5t at ,vi5na rec5tly1 :5 ! "y 8,zioni/s0 w5t out to spread ! gospel ( 8,zionism0 ) /icks & fi/icuffs1 9 ,g]man fa%ion4 ,& ! ,zioni/ organ reg>d$ ?is incid5t sympa!tically1 &1 = all its c>efulness1 c\ld n conceal its satisfaction at ! success ( ! ,zioni/ fi/4 ,! :ole ,congress1 too1 0 design$ r z a demon/ration to ! _w ?an z a means ( mak+ x cle> to ourselves :at we want & :at we c d4 ,! f\nd]s ( ! movem5t want$ to %[ ! outside _w t !y _h beh9d !m a unit$ & unanim\s ,jewi% p4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t f beg9n+ to end !y pursu$ ?is object ) cle> consci\sness & det]m9ation4 ,9 ^? c\ntries :]e ,jews are preoccupi$ ) mat]ial tr\bles1 & are n likely on ! :ole to get en?usia/ic ab\t a political ideal = ! di/ant future1 a special emiss>y w5t ab\t1 be=e ! ,congress1 spread+ fav\rable reports1 f :i* x might be conclud$ t bo? ! cons5t ( ,turkey & ! necess>y millions 7 ne>ly )9 our rea*1 & t no?+ 0 lack+ except a national repres5tative body to negotiate ) all p>ties on behalf ( ! ,jewi% p3 = :i* reason x 0 necess>y to s5d _m delegates to ! ,congress1 & also to s5d 9 petitions ) ?\s&s ( signatures1 & !n ! ,committee to be *os5 by ! ,congress w\ld be ! body :i* 0 requir$4#cj ,on ! o!r h&1 !y 7 c>eful n to ann\nce cle>ly 9 advance t ,h]zl's ,zionism1 & t only1 w\ld be ! basis ( ! ,congress1 t t basis w\ld be above criticism1 & no delegate to ! ,congress w\ld h ! "r to "q x4 ,! ,ord] ( ,proce$+s1 :i* 0 s5t out ) ! invitation to ! ,congress1 said m]ely 9 g5]al t]ms t anybody c\ld be a delegate 8:o expresses 8 agreem5t ) ! g5]al programme ( ,zionism10 )\t expla9+ :at ! g5]al programme 0 or :]e x c\ld be f\nd4 ,?us !re met at ,basle m5 utt]ly at v>iance ) "o ano!r 9 _! views & aspirations4 ,!y ?\ght 9 _! simplicity t ev]ybody ^: gaze 0 turn$ ,zion-w>ds1 ?\gh he did n see eye to eye ) ,h]zl1 _h done 8 duty to ! g5]al programme & _h a "r to be a memb] ( ! ,congress & to express 8 views be=e x4 ,b ! heads ( ! ,congress tri$ ) all _! might to prev5t any diff]5ce ( op9ion on fundam5tal que/ions f com+ to ! surface1 & us$ e 8p>liam5t>y0 device to avoid giv+ opportunity = discussion & elucidation ( su* que/ions4 ,! "q ( ! programme actually came up at "o ( ! prelim9>y meet+s held be=e ! ,congress itself 7a ,vorkonf]5z72 & "s ( ! delegates f ,vi5na po9t$ to ! /atem5t on ! ,ord] ( ,proce$+s1 & tri$ to prove f x t t "q c\ld n prop]ly be rais$1 s9ce all ! delegates _h accept$ ! g5]al programme ( ,zionism1 & !re 0 no ,zionism b t ( ,vi5na1 & ,die ,welt 0 its prophet4 ,b _m ( ^? pres5t w\ld n agree1 & a ,commission _h to be appo9t$ to draw up a programme4 ,?is ,commission skilfully contriv$ a programme capable ( a doz5 int]pretations1 to suit all ta/es2 & ?is programme 0 put be=e ,congress ) a reque/ t x %\ld be accept$ z x /ood1 )\t any discussion4 ,b "o delegate refus$ to submit1 & 8 action l$ to a long debate on a s+le ^w4 ,?is debate %[$1 to ! con/]nation ( _m p1 t !re 7 sev]al k9d ( 8,zioni/s10 & ! cloak ( unanimity 0 9 dang] ( be+ publicly r5t asund]2 b ! lead]s quickly & skilfully pat*$ up ! r5t1 be=e x _h got v f>4 ,dr4 ,h]zl1 9 8 new pamphlet1 uses ?is to prove :at great importance ,zioni/s atta*$ to ?is s+le ^w 7vlk]re*tli*74 ,b 9 tru? simil> 8dang]\s0 debates might h be5 rais$ on _m o!r words4 ,= _m delegates q fail$ to notice ! wide gulf betwe5 ! v>i\s views on po9ts ( pr9ciple1 & a discussion on any su* po9t 0 calculat$ to op5 p's eyes & to %att] ! :ole /ructure to atoms4 ,b su* discussions 7 n rais$1 because ev5 ! few :o saw cle>ly & und]/ood ! position %rank f ! risk ( 8wreck+40 ,& s ! object 0 atta9$2 ! illusion ( unanimity 0 pres]v$ till ! la/2 ! outside _w saw a unit$ p dem&+ a ,/ate2 & ^? :o 7 inside return$ home full ( en?usiasm1 b no :it ! cle>] z to _! ideas or ! relation ( "o idea to ano!r4 ,yet1 aft] all1 ,i confess t ,we/]n 8,zionism0 is v good & useful = ^? ,we/]n ,jews :o h long s9ce almo/ =gott5 ,judaism1 & h no l9k ) _! p except a vague s5tim5t :i* !y !mselves d n und]/&4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( a ,jewi% ,/ate by _! ag5cy is at pres5t b a di/ant vision2 b ! idea ( a ,/ate induces !m mean:ile to devote _! en]gies to ! s]vice ( _! p1 lifts !m out ( ! mire ( assimilation1 & /r5g!ns _! ,jewi% national consci\sness4 ,possibly1 :5 !y f9d out t x w be a long "t be=e we h policem5 & wat*m5 ( our own1 _m ( !m may leave u altoge!r2 b ev5 !n our loss ?r\gh ?is movem5t w n be great] ?an our ga91 because und\bt$ly !re w be among !m m5 ( l>g] he>t1 :o1 9 c\rse ( "t1 w be mov$ to get to ! bottom ( ! matt] & to und]/& _! p & its _s3 & ^! m5 w arrive ( !mselves at t g5u9e ,*ibba? ,zion :i* is 9 h>mony ) our national _s4 ,b 9 ! ,ea/1 ! home ( refuge ( ,judaism & ! bir?place ( ,jewi% ,*ibba? ,zion1 ?is 8political0 t5d5cy c br+ u only h>m4 ,its attractive =ce is at ! same "t a =ce repell5t to ! moral ideal :i* has till n[ be5 ! inspiration ( ,ea/]n ,jewry4 ,^? :o n[ ab&on t ideal 9 ex*ange = ! political idea w nev] return aga91 n ev5 :5 ! excitem5t dies d[n & ! ,/ate is n e/abli%$3 = r>ely 9 hi/ory d we f9d a movem5t retrac+ its /eps be=e x has tri$ to g on & on1 & f9ally lo/ its way4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,i see :at *aos ?is movem5t has br\ght into ! camp ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ovev ,zion--:5 ,i see m5 :o till rec5tly seem$ to "k :at !y want$ & h[ to get x1 n[ sudd5ly des]t+ ! flag :i* b ye/]day !y held sacr$1 & b[+ ! knee to an idea :i* has no roots 9 _! be+1 simply because x comes f ! ,we/3 :5 ,i see all ?is1 & rememb] h[ _m p>oxysms ( sudd5 & evanesc5t en?usiasm we h already exp]i5c$1 !n ,i really feel ! heavy h& ( despair beg9n+ to lay hold on me4 ,x 0 "u ! /ress ( t feel+ t ,i wrote my ,note on ! ,congress1 a few days aft] its conclusion4 ,! impression 0 all v fre% 9 my m9d1 & my grief 0 acute2 & ,i let slip "s h>d expressions1 :i* ,i n[ regret1 because x is n my habit to use su* expressions4 ,b z reg>ds ! actual "q at issue ,i h no?+ to )draw4 ,:at has happ5$ s9ce !n has n conv9c$ me t ,i 0 wrong3 on ! contr>y1 x has /r5g!n$ my conviction t ?\gh ,i wrote 9 ang]1 ,i did n write 9 error4 ,footnote #bj3 ,"o ( a s]ies ( ?ree essays on 8,political ,zionism40 ,footnote #ba3 ,die ,welt1 ! ,g]man organ f\nd$ by ,h]zl4 ,footnote #bb3 ,! fir/ ,secret>y ( ! ,*ovev ,zion1 & an oppon5t ( ! 8spiritual0 ideas ( ,a*ad ,ha-,am4 ,footnote #bc3 ,see my essay ,imitation & ,assimilation4 ,select$ essays by ,a*ad ,ha-,am1 pp4 #ajg-abd4 ,footnote #bd3 ,galu?--8exile0--is ! ^w commonly us$ by ,jews to d5ote ! condition ( ! ,jewi% p s long z x is n 9 its own l&1 ,pale/9e4 ,footnote #be3 ,! 8political0 ,zioni/s g5]ally ?9k & say t !y 7 ! fir/ to lay x d[n z a pr9ciple t ! colonisation ( ,pale/9e by secret & surreptiti\s means1 )\t organisation & 9 defiance ( ! rul+ ,p[]1 is ( no value & ought to be ab&on$4 ,!y d n "k t ?is tru? 0 discov]$ by o!rs fir/1 & t ye>s ago ! ,*ibba? ,zion ( ,judaism dem&$ t ev]y?+ %\ld be done op5ly1 ) prop] organisation & ) ! cons5t ( ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t4 ,footnote #bf3 ,aft] ! fall ( ,j]usalem 9 #gj ,c4,e41 ,titus ask$ ,rabbi ,jo*anan1 "o ( ! lead+ ,jews ( ! "t1 :at he want$4 ,! reply 01 8,give me ,jabneh & its s*ol>s40 ,! ,rabbi und]/ood--?\gh ! ,roman conqu]or did n--t 9 ! conditions !n exi/+ a c5tre ( ,jewi% le>n+ w\ld d m to pres]ve ,israel ?an political in/itutions4 ,footnote #bg3 ,9 ,imitation & ,assimilation4 ,footnote #bh3 ,! ref]5ce "h is to ! s*ools ( ! ,alliance ,isralite ,univ]selle1 :i* 7 ,fr5* 9 _s4 ,_m ye>s aft] ?is essay 0 writt51 9 #aiac1 ! ,g]manis+ t5d5cies ( ! s*ools ma9ta9$ by ! ,hilfsv]e9 d] deuts*5 ,jud5 9 ,pale/9e l$ to an acute conflict betwe5 t body & ! ,zioni/s4 ,footnote #bi3 ,! phrases 9 inv]t$ commas are tak5 f my note on ! ,congress4 ,z my critics h mis9t]pret$ !m1 ,i h tak5 ?is opportunity ( expla9+ _! true mean+4 ,footnote #cj3 ,! fact m5tion$ is famili> to _m ,*ovev ,zion 9 all ! t[ns :i* ! emiss>y visit$ ) a lett] f ! headqu>t]s ( ! movem5t4 ,9 my ,note ,i only allud$ to x briefly1 & ,i am sorry t ! d5ials ( my oppon5ts h compell$ me "h to ref] to x aga9 m fully4 ,,p9sk] ,,& ,,political ,,zionism 7,to ! memory ( ,dr4 ,p9sk]1 on ! t5? anniv]s>y ( 8 dea?7 7#aijb7 ,! #ba/ ( ,decemb] la/ 7#aija7 0 ! t5? anniv]s>y ( ! dea? ( ,dr4 ,leo ,p9sk]4 ,a decade is a long "t 9 our days1 :5 ev]y?+ keeps *ang+ ) extraord9>y rapidity2 :5 ev5ts come pell-mell1 pu%+ & jo/l+ "o ano!r1 ) a new s5sation e day2 :5 m5 rise & fall "o aft] ! o!r1 fam\s to-day & =gott5 to-morr[1 ris+ to ! top 9 an h\r1 & go+ "u 9 ! next2 :5 ! tumult ( to-day is s l\d t m5 h no "t to pause & look calmly back on ye/]day4 ,p9sk] is "o ( ^? m5 ( ye/]day1 :om ! m5 ( to-day h already _h "t to =get4 ,he di$ t5 ye>s ago1 & 9 ^! t5 ye>s ?+s h *ang$1 & we ) !m4 ,new birds h come & br\ght new songs4 ,!y pipe 9 a l\d & /rid5t *orus1 9 ! d9 ( :i* :o %all rememb] ! =lorn lay ( a lonely song/] :om e>? kn[s no m8 ,9 8 day ,p9sk] 0 head ( ! ,*ovev ,zion1 & he work$ h>d = ,pale/9ian colonisation4 ,b 9 ! int]val ,*ibba? ,zion itself has giv5 place to ,zionism4 ,petty colonisation1 ! result ( ! 8infiltration0 policy1 :i* absorb$ ! "t & en]gy ( ,p9sk] & ! ,*ovev ,zion ( ye/]day1 is to-day a s\rce ( m]rim5t ev5 = ! m]e/ tyro 9 ,zionism4 ,ev]ybody kn[s t ,h]zl has enl>g$ ! n>r[ horizon ( 8 pr$ecessors by bas+ ! ,zioni/ ideal on a broad] f\ndation--on politics & diplomacy1 on ! ,bank & ! ,*>t]4 ,tw5ty ye>s ago ,p9sk] wrote a small pamphlet ( ?irty-six pages1 call$ ,auto-,emancipation4 ,9 its day ?is pamphlet made a c]ta9 /ir & evok$ "s response4 ,b :o pays att5tion n[ to a little pamphlet t dates f be=e ! new disp5sation8 ,h we n n[ ! ,jud5/aat1 & ,reports ( f\r ,congresses1 full ( debates & spee*es1 z well z a heap ( pamphlets & leaflets 9 e language1 expla9+ & exp\nd+ ,zionism 9 e aspect & e detail8 ,yes--,p9sk] 0 a great man 9 8 day2 he 0 "o ( ! 8precursors0 ( ,zionism--s mu* ev5 ! new ,zioni/s admit4 ,& :5 !y h occasion to rec\nt ! hi/ory ( ! ,zioni/ idea to non-,zioni/s1 !y beg91 9 ! mo/ approv$ sci5tific mann]1 ) ! 8embryonic0 p]iod4 ,"h !y comm5d 9 "o brea? all ! wor?y m5 :o came be=e ! bir? ( ,zionism & prep>$ ! way = x1 n =gett+ ,p9sk] & o!r lead]s ( ! ,*ovev ,zion :o 7 contempor>y ) him4 ,b all ?is is = !m simply by way ( introduction to ! ma9 !me1 :i* ent]s ) ! ye> #ahif--! ye> :5 ,h]zl reveal$ himself 9 8 pamphlet ,d] ,jud5/aat4 ,"h !y draw a l9e1 z :o %\ld say1 8,?us f> ! embryonic p]iod ( ,zionism1 ! p]iod ( its prep>ation = bir?4 ,n[ behold ,zionism itself 9 all its glory & magnific5ce40 ,h[ is x1 !n1 t _m p h n[ sudd5ly rememb]$ t ,p9sk] di$ t5 ye>s ago1 on ! #ba/ ( ,decemb]2 & t 9 s _m places !re h be5 pray]s recit$ = ! peace ( 8 s\l1 & memorial addresses deliv]$ 9 8 hon\r1 on ?is sad anniv]s>y8 ,tru? to tell1 x is only because ! "w ( ! 8petty colonisation0 movem5t /ill ma9ta9s its exi/5ce1 & !re is /ill a ,society :i* works = ! support ( ! colonies4 ,= t reason1 & = t reason alone--because he /ood at ! head ( ^? :o work$ = ! ,pale/9ian ,colonies1 & aft]w>ds ( ! ,society =m$ = _! support--,p9sk] is rememb]$ by 8 colleagues1 ! orig9al ,*ovev ,zion ( 8 own c\ntry1 ^: privilege x 0 to "k him p]sonally & to "w ) him4 ,x is !y :o h made ! anniv]s>y a matt] ( public int]e/4 ,if n = ?is1 ! new ,zioni/s1 ^: cal5d> beg9s ) ! bir? ( political ,zionism1 w\ld n h rememb]$ ! man :o1 fifte5 ye>s be=e ,h]zl1 work$ out ! :ole !ory ( political ,zionism f beg9n+ to end1 ) a logical ?or\ghness & an elevation ( /yle unequall$ by any subsequ5t "w4 ,h[ inde$ %\ld ^! new ,zioni/s rememb] him1 see+ t !y "k no?+ at all ( ,p9sk] z ! au?or ( ! !ory ( political ,zionism8 ,& :5ce %\ld !y "k ( him1 if _! lead]s h nev] yet told !m1 explicitly or by implication1 9 pr9t or on ! plat=m1 9 ,zioni/ ,congresses or outside !m1 :o 0 ! true au?or ( t !ory1 ! real if unackn[l$g$ f\nta9 f :i* all :o came aft] him h drunk8#ca ,p9sk]'s pamphlet 9 ! orig9al ,g]man is already out ( pr9t & r>e4 ,:ile a /ream ( new pamphlets1 mo/ly poor & ta/eless re*auffs1 is daily p\r$ =? & spread among ! p ) ! assi/ance ( ! ,zioni/ organisation & ) ! concurr5ce ( its lead]s1 = propag&a purposes1 ?is pamphlet ( ,p9sk]'s1 :i* is uniquely capable ( attract+ intellig5t ,jews 9 e c\ntry to ! ,zioni/ idea1 has n be5 hon\r$ ) a new edition to ?is day2#cb & _m ( ! new ,zioni/s1 especially 9 ! ,we/1 h nev] se5 x1 nor ev5 he>d ( its value4#cc ,all t !y he> is t !re 7 ,zioni/s ev5 be=e ,h]zl1 b !y 7 poor1 simple-m9d$ dream]s1 :o--incapable ( compreh5d+ a great political idea--?\ght to solve ! ,jewi% problem by f\nd+ a few colonies 9 ,pale/9e & support+ !m ) halfp5ce2 & z = ,p9sk]--well1 he 0 ! lead] ( ^! poor vision>ies4#cd ,i d\bt :e!r ! "t has yet come to re/ore to ,p9sk] ! place ( hon\r 9 ! ,zioni/ movem5t t belongs to him ( "r4 ,we are 9 ! ?ick ( ! tumult & ! %\t+1 & z yet !re is no room = a true & unbiass$ judgm5t4 ,t mu/ be left = lat] hi/ory1 = ! "t :5 8! tumult & ! %\t+ dies10 & ! influ5ce ( p]sonality & fleet+ circum/ance gives place to a national motif m g5]al 9 scope & m p]man5t 9 "*4 ,b z ! memory ( ,p9sk] is n[ 9 ! public m9d--be x b = a mom5t--we may n improp]ly take advantage ( ! opportunity to recall ! message :i* ,p9sk] br\ght to 8 p1 b = :i* he has n yet receiv$ ! cr$it4 ,t message is1 z ,i h said1 ! message ( political ,zionism4 ,p9sk] 0 ! fir/ to lay d[n a cle> !oretical basis = political ,zionism4 ,he 0 also ! fir/ to "w out--?\gh only 9 outl9e--a def9ite practical programme = ! realisation ( ! idea4 ,x is ?is programme1 or ! fundam5tal po9ts 9 x1 t ! new ,zioni/s h laid hold on2 x is because ( ?is programme t !y call !mselves 8political10 d5ot+ !reby1 z !y believe1 ! orig9al feature :i* di/+ui%es !m f _! pr$ecessors4 ,p9sk] compress$ all 8 tea*+1 !oretical & practical z well1 into 8 "o small pamphlet1 :i* is *>act]is$ by concis5ess ( /yle & abs5ce ( sy/ematic arrangem5t4 ,8 outrag$ feel+s 7 too /rong = ! cold processes ( ?\ght1 & did n all[ him to arrange 8 ideas sy/ematically4 ,p9sk] did n write a sci5tific treatise2 he utt]$ a l\d1 bitt]1 he>t-felt cry1 fraught ) indignation & grief at our ext]nal & int]nal degradation4 ,= t reason he mu/ be /udi$ ) close att5tion be=e "o c put toge!r ! scatt]$ fragm5ts ( ideas--"s repeat$ "t & aga9 ) a weal? ( poetic eloqu5ce1 o!rs no m ?an briefly h9t$ at by ! way--& discov] ! full import ( 8 tea*+4 ,?is is :at ,i propose "h to attempt4 ,b fir/ ( all ,i mu/ po9t out--:at might n be self-evid5t to all my read]s--t my object is only to expla9 ,p9sk]'s tea*+ 9 its relation to pres5t-day political ,zionism4 ,i am n "h giv+ a /atem5t ( my own views on political ,zionism 9 g5]al4 ,:at ,i _h to say on t subject has be5 said 9 v>i\s essays1 :i* w be famili> to _m ( my read]s2 & ^! previ\s utt]ances absolve me1 ,i ?9k1 f ! necessity ( comm5t+ "h on e po9t ) :i* ,i am n 9 agreem5t4 ,9 ?is essay ,i take = grant$ ! fundam5tal /&po9t ( political ,zionism1 :i* 0 ,p9sk]'s /&po9t also1 ?\gh1 z we %all soon see1 he gave x a peculi> turn1 mak+ x approximate m to t ,zioni/ ideal :i* is n[adays call$ 8spiritual ,zionism40 ,p9sk]1 l all subsequ5t political ,zioni/s1 arriv$ at ! idea ( ,zionism n ?r\gh ! problem ( ,judaism--?r\gh ! necessity ( seek+ = a new f\ndation = our national exi/5ce & unity1 9 place ( ! old f\ndation1 :i* is crumbl+ away--b ?r\gh ! problem ( ,jewry--?r\gh a def9ite conviction t ev5 emancipation & g5]al progress w n improve ! degrad$ & insecure position ( ! ,jews among ! nations1 & t anti-,semitism w nev] cease s long z we h n a national home ( our own4 ,b x is wor? :ile to exam9e p>ticul>ly ! way 9 :i* he arriv$ at ?is conviction ( ! et]nity ( ! feud betwe5 ,israel & ! nations1 because x is a diff]5t way f t ( ! lat] ,zioni/s1 & x is ?is diff]5ce t gives a peculi> col\r+ to ,p9sk]'s message4 ,p9sk] f9ds ?ree pr9cipal causes :i* lead to our be+ hat$ & despis$ m ?an any o!r human be+s2 & = ea* ( ! ?ree !re is no rem$y except a sep>ate ,jewi% ,/ate4 ,! fir/ cause is a national "o1 & its roots lie deep 9 human psy*ology4 ,we _c "k :e!r t great day w ev] arrive :5 all mank9d w live 9 bro!rhood & concord1 & national b>ri]s w no long] exi/2 b ev5 at ! be/1 ?\s&s ( ye>s mu/ elapse be=e t ,messianic age4 ,mean:ile nations live side by side 9 a /ate ( relative peace1 :i* is bas$ *iefly on ! fundam5tal equality betwe5 !m4 ,ea* nation1 t is1 recognises & admits ! national exi/5ce ( ! o!r nations1 & ev5 ^? :i* are at enmity or ev5 at w> ) "o ano!r are =c$ to recognise ea* o!r z equals1 /&+ on ! same plane ( nationhood1 & !re=e ent]ta9 ea* = ! o!r a c]ta9 feel+ ( respect1 )\t di/9ction betwe5 l>ge nation & small1 /rong & weak4 ,b x is diff]5t ) ! p ( ,israel4 ,?is p is n c\nt$ among ! nations1 because s9ce x 0 exil$ f its l& x has lack$ ! ess5tial attributes ( nationality1 by :i* "o nation is di/+ui%$ f ano!r--has lack$ 8t orig9al national life :i* is inconceivable )\t community ( language & cu/oms & )\t local contiguity40 ,x is because we lack ^! attributes t ! o!r nations d n reg>d u z on ! same plane ) !mselves1 z a nation equal to !m 9 integral value4 ,true1 we h n ceas$ ev5 9 ! l&s ( our exile to be spiritually a di/9ct nation2 b ?is spiritual nationality1 s f> f giv+ u ! /atus ( a nation 9 ! eyes ( ! o!r nations1 is ! v cause ( _! hatr$ = u z a p4 ,m5 are always t]rifi$ by a disembodi$ _s1 a s\l w&]+ ab\t ) no physical cov]+2 & t]ror bre$s hatr$4 ,?is is a =m ( psy*ic disease :i* we are p[]less to cure4 ,9 all ages m5 h fe>$ all k9ds ( gho/s :i* _! imag9ations h se52 & ,israel appe>s to !m z a gho/--b a gho/ :i* !y see ) _! v eyes1 n m]ely 9 fancy4 ,?us ! hatr$ ( ! nations = ,jewi% nationality is a psy*ic disease ( ! k9d kn[n z 8demonopa?y02 & hav+ be5 transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation = "s two ?\s& ye>s1 x has by n[ become s deep-root$ t x c no long] be eradicat$4 ,! prim>y object ( ?is hatr$ is n ,jews z individuals1 b ,judaism--by :i* is meant t ab/ract nationality1 t bodiless gho/1 :i* w&]s ab\t among ! real nations l some?+ ap>t & diff]5t1 & ar\ses _! lat5t faculty ( demonophobia4 ,h5ce we see on ! "o h& t individual ,g5tiles live 9 peace & amity ) _! ,jewi% acqua9tances1 :ile reta9+ _! deep-seat$ animosity aga9/ ,jews z a p1 & on ! o!r h& t1 ?r\gh\t all ! p]iodical *anges ( national t5d5cies & int]national relations1 all nations rema9 at all times ! same 9 _! hatr$ ( ! ,jews1 j z !y rema9 always ! same 9 _! hatr$ ( ! o!r k9ds ( gho/s 9 ^: exi/5ce !y believe4#ce ,:at1 !n1 mu/ we d to escape f ?is national hatr$8 ,assimilate ) ! nations8 ,if real assimilation be meant--! assimilation t rea*es to ! v s\l & ends 9 annihilation--t is a k9d ( dea? :i* does n come ( itself1 & we d n wi% to br+ x on by our own ef=ts4#cf ,b ! surface assimilation :i* is ! panacea advocat$ by a c]ta9 section ( ,jews c only make matt]s worse = u4 ,p9sk] himself does n draw ?is conclusion 9 s _m words2 b x is a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! idea j m5tion$4 ,=1 see+ t ! s\rce ( anti-,semitism lies 9 our lack ( a concrete national exi/5ce1 :i* w\ld compel ! o!r nations to recognise 9 u a nation equal to !mselves 9 /atus1 x foll[s pla9ly t ! m we assimilate--! m we imitate our surr\nd+s & :ittle away our national di/9ctiv5ess--! less concrete & ! m spiritual w our national exi/5ce become2 & ! m1 !re=e1 w ! gho/-fe> :i* begets anti-,semitism gr[ 9 int5sity4 ,!re rema9s1 !n1 b "o means ( de/roy+ anti-,semitism4 ,we mu/ become aga9 a real nation1 possess$ ( all ^? ess5tial attributes ( nationality by virtue ( :i* "o nation is ! equal ( ano!r4 ,^! attributes are ^? m5tion$ above--a common l&1 a common language & common cu/oms4 ,x is ! comb9ation ( ^! t makes 8an orig9al national life40#cg ,! second cause ( our degradation is political 9 "*4 8,g5]ally speak+10 says ,p9sk]1 8we d n f9d any nation ov]-fond ( ! /rang]4 ,?is is a fact :i* has its f\ndation 9 e?nology1 & no nation c be blam$ = x40 ,n[ s9ce ! ,jew is ev]y:]e reg>d$ z a /rang] by ! native population1 we %\ld h no "r to grumble if our ho/s 9 ! v>i\s c\ntries treat$ u l o!r /rang]s :o settle p]man5tly among !m4 ,b 9 fact we f9d t p ev]y:]e dislike ,jews mu* m ?an o!r /rang]s4 ,:y is ?is8 ,= ! same reason--replies ,p9sk]--= :i* m5 behave 9 diff]5t ways to a well-to-d gue/ & to a p5niless begg>4 ,! fir/ comes z an equal2 he too has a h\se 9 :i* he gives hospitality--no matt] :e!r we ourselves or o!rs enjoy x--& !re=e we recognise x z our duty to give him a welcome1 ev5 if we are n altoge!r delight$ ) 8 company2 :ile he on 8 side is consci\s t he has a "r to dem& su* treatm5t z ! conv5tions ( polite society dictate1 j z 9 8 own h\se he ext5ds t treatm5t to o!rs4 ,n s ! homeless m5dicant4 ,he on 8 side is free f ! obligations ( hospitality1 s9ce he has no opportunity ( fulfill+ !m4 ,h5ce 8 reque/ = our hospitality is a reque/ = pure *>ity4 ,x is n ! appeal ( an equal to ! pr9ciple ( equality ( rights & duties2 x is ! appeal to compassion ( "o weak] & humbl] ?an ourselves1 :o c receive b _c give4 ,h5ce1 ev5 if we are s compassionate z to welcome ! poor man & treat him ) affection & respect1 l "o ( ourselves1 ! equality is only "o ( ext]nal appe>ance4 ,9 our he>t ( he>ts we feel1 & he feels too1 t we are do+ him a k9dness1 t we are treat+ him well out ( our goodness ( he>t1 & do+ some?+ t we might h =borne do+ if n = our *>itable & b5evol5t disposition4 ,?is feel+ alone suffices to create a wide gulf betwe5 u1 & to l[] 8 wor? 9 our e/imation & 8 own4 ,:i* picture repres5ts ,israel among ! nations8 ,n t ( ! well-to-d gue/2 = ,israel has no place ( 8 own :]e he c fulfil ! obligations ( hospitality t[>ds o!r nations4 ,israel is l ! m5dicant :o goes f door to door1 ask+ o!rs to give him :at he does n give to o!rs4 ,& !re=e ! o!r nations d n reg>d ! ,jew z _! equal1 & d n recognise any duty to %[ him t dec5t behavi\r :i* !y practise t[>ds all ! o!r =eign]s :o live among !m4 ,if1 !n1 !y are k9d en\gh to make room = him1 x is only by an act ( *>ity1 :i* degrades ! recipi5t4 ,:5 _! g5]osity goes to ! fur!/ extreme1 !y give ! poor visitor ! greate/ boon t !y c give--t ( equal rights4 ,b ! m]e fact t ! grant ( equal rights is an act ( g5]osity1 & n a duty bas$ on ! real equality ( ! two p>ties1 robs ! boon ( its moral value1 & makes x m]ely a piece ( legislative ma*9]y4 ,! giv] c nev] =get t he is ! giv]1 nor ! receiv] t he is ! receiv]4 ,= ?is reason ,jewi% emancipation 9 all c\ntries has be5 & mu/ always rema9 political only1 n social4 ,! ,jew enjoys equal rights z a citiz51 b n equality z a man1 z "o :o takes 8 "p 9 ! intimate life ( society4 ,! non-,jew & ! ,jew alike are consci\s ( ?is fact1 & s1 despite 8 equal rights1 ! ,jew rema9s an inf]ior ev5 9 8 own e/imation1 & 9 non-,jewi% society he endeav\rs to hide 8 ,judaism1 & is grateful to non-,jews :5 !y d n rem9d him ( 8 orig91 b behave z ?\gh x 7 a matt] ( indiff]5ce to !m4 ,! conclusion is t ! ,jews c nev] atta9 to true social equality 9 ,g5tile c\ntries unless !y cease to be always recipi5ts & rise to ! rank ( respectable visitors1 :o c give to o!rs :at !y ask = !mselves4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ,jews mu/ once m possess !mselves ( a native l& ( _! own1 :]e !y w be ma/]s & ho/s4 ,!n _! place 9 ! e/imation ( o!r nations w improve automatically1 & :]ev] !y set foot !y w be reg>d$ z equals by ! natives1 :o w consid] !mselves 9 duty b\nd to treat ! ,jews ) ! same respect :i* !y %[ to o!r /rang]s :o come to /ay among !m4#ch ,besides ! two causes expla9$ above1 !re is a ?ird cause1 economic 9 "*1 :i* gives a practical turn to ,g5tile hatr$ ( ! ,jew1 & br+s x into actual op]ation 9 ! =m ( physical re/riction & p]secution4 ,9 ! life ( civilis$ nations ! /ruggle = exi/5ce assumes ! =m ( peaceful competition4 ,9 ?is sph]e e ,/ate di/+ui%es to a c]ta9 ext5t betwe5 ! native & ! /rang]1 & gives ! native pref]5ce :]e !re is n room = bo?4 ,?is discrim9ation is practis$ ev5 aga9/ ! hon\r$ /rang]1 :om ! native reg>ds z 8 equal2 & x /&s to s5se t !re w be a va/ly great] am\nt ( discrim9ation aga9/ ! poor vagrant1 ^: exi/5ce 9 ! ,/ate is tol]at$ only out ( k9dness & *>ity4 ,if y h a l>ge h\se1 ) room en\gh & to sp>e = y\r family & = respectable visitors1 y d n begrudge ! begg> 8 corn]1 b let him live ) y z long z he likes4 ,b :5 ! family gr[s & ! h\se beg9s to feel cramp$ y w at once look askance at ! begg>-gue/s1 :om y are "u no obligation to respect or to fe$4 ,& if y see t !y d n squeeze up & make room = y1 b1 on ! contr>y1 endeav\r to get m elb[-room = !mselves1 reg>dless ( ! fact t !y are cr[d+ y1 !n y w res5t ! impud5ce ) :i* !y =get _! place1 & 9 ! heat ( ang] y w turn !m out neck & crop1 or at lea/ drive !m back into _! own corn]1 make x z small z possible & conf9e !m rigidly to x = ! future4 ,b ! respectable gue/s w /ill be treat$ ) def]5ce1 & ?\gh y may secretly dislike !m = occupy+ valuable room1 y w n p]mit y\rself to ov]/ep ! limits ( polit5ess & to turn !m out into ! /reet1 save 9 exceptional cases :]e !y !mselves ov]/ep ! m>k & y\r pati5ce gives out4 ,?us we f9d t ev5 :]e ! numb] ( ,jews is small1 !y br+ d[n on !mselves ! res5tm5t & hatr$ ( _! neighb\rs because ( _! success 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 & ! advantage :i* _! ability & p]t9acity ga9 = !m ov] _! competitors 9 ! v>i\s walks ( life2 & :]e ! ,jewi% settlem5t is consid]able1 anti-,semitism f9ds its food--ev5 )\t any success on ! ,jewi% side--9 ! m]e fact ( _! exi/5ce3 = _! exi/5ce is b\nd1 poor & cramp$ ?\gh x be1 to lead to competition :i* _! neighb\rs w feel4 ,9 ei!r case ! native population does n consid] itself oblig$ to re/ra9 its feel+s & behave ) p]fect polit5ess to a mis]able nation :i* is all[$ to live among ! o!r nations only on suff]ance1 & is s ungrateful z to jo/le its b5efactors )\t %ame4#ci ,?is cause also1 !n1 _c be remov$ except ?r\gh ! removal ( ! o!r causes m5tion$ be=e4 ,we mu/ build a h\se = ourselves1 & !n1 ev5 9 =eign c\ntries1 we %all h ! position ( respect$ gue/s1 & our competition ) ! native population w n ar\se _! res5tm5t & jeal\sy m ?an ! competition ( o!r /rang]s4 ,b ! economic cause diff]s f ! o!r causes4 ,our national & political degradation is a moral fact1 & requires only a moral rem$y--t we /& high] 9 ! e/imation ( ! _w1 z a nation ) a concrete life ( its own1 & ) a l& 9 :i* x c ext5d to o!rs t hospitality :i* x receives else:]e4 ,b 9 ord] to remove ! economic cause we mu/ ( necessity dim9i% ! competition betwe5 ,jew & non-,jew 9 places :]e t competition is excessive4 ,= ev5 ! respect$ gue/ has economic fre$om only )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,if he ov]/eps ^! limits1 & 8 competition presses too h>d on ! native1 ! native is =c$ to protect himself1 ei!r by legislative re/riction ( ! =eign]'s rights1 or sometimes ev5 by =ce4 ,x foll[s t if we succe$ 9 e/abli%+ a sep>ate ,/ate = our p1 ! two fir/ causes ( anti-,semitism w be remov$1 ev5 if ! ,/ate is v small1 & ev5 if mo/ ( ! ,jews rema9 :]e !y are1 & only a v small m9ority goes to settle 9 our ,/ate4 ,= ! m]e fact ( ! exi/5ce ( a ,jewi% ,/ate1 :]e ,jews w\ld be ma/]s1 & _! national life w\ld develop on l9es ( its own 9 accordance ) _! _s--?is fact alone w\ld suffice to remove f u ! br& ( inf]iority1 & to raise u 9 ! _w's e/imation to ! level ( a nation equal 9 wor? to ! o!r nations1 %>+ alike _! privileges & _! duties2 & ! attitude ( ! o!r nations to u w\ld no long] be diff]5t f _! attitude to ea* o!r4 ,b ! economic cause1 ?\gh its work+ may be mitigat$ to "s ext5t :5 ! w&]+ m5dicant is trans=m$ into a well-to-d gue/1 _c be got rid ( until ! numb] ( ,jews 9 e c\ntry decl9es to ! limit dictat$ by ! economic condition ( ! native population4 ,until t "t hatr$ ( ^! =eign competitors w cont9ue1 & ! native population w cont9ue to p]secute !m ) re/rictive laws & ev5 ) viol5ce1 ev5 ?\gh !re exi/ some:]e or o!r a sep>ate ,jewi% ,/ate1 & ev5 ?\gh all nations respect ! ,jewi% nationality :i* has 9 t ,/ate its concrete expression4 ,?us we arrive at a fur!r condition ( ! solution ( our problem4 ,:at we ne$ is n simply a ,/ate1 b a ,/ate to :i* ! majority ( ! ,jews w emigrate f all _! pres5t homes--to su* an ext5t t _! numb]s 9 e c\ntry w decl9e to ! ext5t dem&$ by local conditions--& a ,/ate ext5sive en\gh & mat]ially ri* en\gh to ma9ta9 s l>ge a population4 ,& "h we come to ! ,a*illes' heel ( political ,zionism4 ,grant$ t we h x 9 our p[] to e/abli% a ,jewi% ,/ate3 h we x 9 our p[] to dim9i% !reby ! numb] ( ,jews 9 e c\ntry to ! maximum :i* ! economic condition ( ! c\ntry c be> )\t _! ar\s+ anti-,semitism8 ,?is "q ! oppon5ts ( ! new ,zionism1 :i* promises to put an end to ! ,jewi% problem by ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,/ate1 are cont9ually ask+3 b s f> we h n receiv$ f ! ,zioni/s a cle> & satisfactory answ]4 ,dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 = in/ance1 at lea/ a million ,jews h left ,ea/]n ,europe = ,am]ica & ,africa4 ,t is a v l>ge numb]1 suffici5t = ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,jewi% ,/ate4 ,yet ?is emigration has _h no p]ceptible effect on ! economic condition ( ! c\ntries f :i* x has tak5 place1 & ! relations betwe5 ! native population & ! ,jews 9 ^? c\ntries h n improv$4 ,! reason is t ! emigration has n 9 fact less5$ ! numb] ( ,jews 9 ^? c\ntries1 ! loss be+ always c\nt]balanc$ by ! natural increase ( ^? :o rema94 ,if1 !n1 ,p9sk]'s idea _h be5 c>ri$ out z soon z 8 pamphlet 0 publi%$1 & all ^! emigrants _h gone n to ,am]ica or ,africa1 b to ! ,jewi% ,/ate1 ! ,/ate might by n[ h be5 successful & fl\ri%+1 & national life might be develop+ !re 9 a satisfactory mann]1 s z to br+ great hon\r to our p :]ev] ,jews are2 b none ! less ! ,jewi% problem 9 ! l&s :5ce ! emigration proce$$ w\ld rema9 exactly :]e x 01 because economic competition betwe5 ! ,jews & ! native population w\ld be j z ke5 z be=e1 & w\ld /ill be felt by ! latt] to an intol]able degree4 ,if1 !re=e1 a ,jewi% ,/ate is really to solve ! ,jewi% problem on its economic side = good & all1 !n hundr$s ( ?\s&s mu/ emigrate to x e ye> f ! l&s ( ! ,diaspora1 s t ! dim9ution 9 ! numb] ( ,jews 9 ^? l&s w be pat5tly p]ceptible1 & _! influ5ce on economic life w decrease f ye> to ye>1 till x ceases to be a cause ( hatr$ & jeal\sy on ! "p ( ! native population4 ,we mu/ !re=e ask ourselves fir/ ( all1 :e!r x is really possible to transport su* a va/ numb] ( p 9 a %ort "t1 & to op5 up = !m new s\rces ( livelihood 9 a new ,/ate1 :]ev] x may be4 ,i d\bt v mu* :e!r any responsible p]son w answ] ?is "q 9 ! affirmative4 ,b ?is criticism1 :i* is fatal to ! new ,zionism1 z exp\nd$ by ,h]zl & 8 foll[]s1 does n s]i\sly affect ,p9sk]'s ,zionism4 ,! new ,zioni/s make ! political & economic problem ! be-all & end-all ( _! /riv+s4 ,_! prim>y aim is to improve ! h>d lot ( ! ,jews z individuals4 ,!y reg>d su* improvem5t 9 exile z out ( ! "q1 s9ce ,jews are reg>d$ z /rang]s 9 e c\ntry1 & ! competition ( ! /rang] exposes him to ! res5tm5t ( ! native population4 ,h5ce !y dem& t ! ,jews %all e/abli% a sep>ate ,/ate = !mselves1 :]e !y w n be /rang]s & _! competition w n be a crime4#dj ,b ?is idea c be ju/ifi$ only if ! ,/ate is able to improve ! lot ( all ! ,jews or mo/ ( !m2 t is1 if all or mo/ ( ! ,jews c leave =eign c\ntries & settle 9 _! ,/ate4 ,unless ?is condition is fulfill$1 ! amelioration w be only p>tial2 x w affect only t =tunate m9ority :i* succe$s 9 e/abli%+ itself 9 ! ,jewi% ,/ate4 ,! majority w rema9 z badly (f z be=e--hat$ & p]secut$ =eign]s 9 /range l&s4 ,:]e1 !n1 is ! promis$ annihilation ( ! ,jewi% problem ?r\gh ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,/ate8 ,b ) ,p9sk] x is diff]5t4 ,! loss :i* he m\rns is prim>ily ! loss ( ,jewi% national dignity4 ,he weeps = a nation :i* is n reg>d$ & respect$ by ! o!r nations z an equal1 & ^: individual memb]s are treat$ ev]y:]e n m]ely z =eign]s1 b z begg>s 9 receipt ( *>ity4 ,) him ! "q ( national dignity comes fir/ ( all4 ,( ! ?ree causes to :i* he traces ! ill-feel+ betwe5 ,jews & ,g5tiles1 ! fir/ "o1 :i* lies 9 ! degrad$ position ( ! ,jews z a nation--a po9t n m5tion$ by ! new ,zioni/s--is ! mo/ important 9 8 own view1 & occupies mo/ ( 8 att5tion4 ,next to x /&s ! political cause2 & ?is cause also1 unlike ! new ,zioni/s1 he reg>ds f ! po9t ( view ( ! problem ( national dignity4 ,he is n mu* tr\bl$ by ! fact t we are treat$ z ali5s 9 e c\ntry3 t fact1 no d\bt1 h>ms u z individuals1 b 9 itself x does n imply any contempt or inf]iority4 ,! root ( ! tr\ble is t we are n treat$ z ali5s 9 ! ord9>y political s5se1 b are reg>d$ z w&]+ m5dicants1 z inf]ior be+s1 :o are n entitl$ to dem& respect & consid]ation z ( "r4 ,s ) ! ?ird cause1 ! economic "o4 ,its /+ lies = ,p9sk] *iefly 9 ! fact t "h also we ,jews are diff]5tiat$ f o!r ali5s--t 9 consequ5ce ( ! l[ e/eem 9 :i* we are held our competition causes m res5tm5t ?an t ( o!r ali5s4 ,p9sk]1 !re=e1 has m "r ?an ! new ,zioni/s to reg>d ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,jewi% ,/ate z ! absolute solution ( ! ,jewi% problem--t is1 ( ! problem ( ! dignity ( ! ,jewi% nation & ( its memb]s1 :o1 ev5 if mo/ ( !m rema9 scatt]$ among ! nations1 & ev5 if !y cont9ue to be hat$ & p]secut$ 9 v>i\s c\ntries because ( _! economic competition1 w at any rate no long] be expos$ to ! contempt ( _! neighb\rs1 & to ! taunt t !y are n a nation1 b a pack ( begg>s w&]+ ab\t 9 a _w :i* is n !irs1 & exi/+ only on suff]ance4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,p9sk] raises ano!r "q1 :i* does n tr\ble ! new ,zioni/s v mu*3 ! "q ( ! national consci\sness4 ,if we assume1 z ,h]zl does 9 8 pamphlet1 t ! ,jewi% ,/ate w conta9 all ! ,jews1 & w (f] to e individual ,jew ! possibility ( liv+ com=tably among 8 p1 !n we ne$ n be mu* conc]n$ ab\t ! ant]ior developm5t ( ! national consci\sness z an inc5tive to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,/ate4 ,we h ready to h& ano!r & a /rong] inc5tive 9 ! natural desire ( e individual to improve 8 position4#da ,b if f ! outset we accept ! fact t ev5 a ,jewi% ,/ate w n absolutely solve ! ,jewi% problem on its economic side1 & t ! *ief purpose = :i* we ne$ a ,/ate is a moral "o--to ga9 = our own nation ! respect ( o!r nations1 & to create a heal?y body = our national _s--!n we are b\nd to face ! "q :e!r ! national consci\sness is s /rong among u1 & ! hon\r ( our nation s de> to u1 t ?is motive alone1 unalloy$ by any consid]ation ( individual advantage1 w be suffici5t to spur u on to s va/ & difficult a task4 ,n[ ,p9sk]1 c&id "h z always1 does n conceal f u t1 z ?+s are1 ! national consci\sness among u is n ne>ly /rong en\gh = our purpose4 8,our greate/ mis=tune is t we d n =m a nation3 we are m]ely ,jews40 ,! galu? life has compell$ e ,jew to put all 8 /r5g? into 8 individual /ruggle = exi/5ce2 & 9 t /ruggle we h be5 compell$ to use any k9d ( weapon t came to h&1 )\t enquir+ too closely :e!r x 0 consi/5t ) our national dignity4 ,?us1 z "t w5t on1 bo? our s5se ( nationality & our s5se ( dignity became dull$2 & at la/ we ceas$ to feel ! ne$ ( re/or+ our dignity1 national or individual4#db ,we left x to ! ,deity to p]=m t ideal task by br++ u ! ,messiah at ! prop] "t1 & buri$ ourselves 9 affairs m necess>y = our imm$iate physical survival4#dc ,ev5 9 mod]n times1 :5 ! breeze ( mod]n culture has bl[n on u & begun to awak5 our dormant s5se ( dignity1 we try to f9d satisfaction 9 a /range delusion ( our own inv5tion--t ! p ( ,israel has a 8mission10 = ! sake ( :i* x mu/ rema9 scatt]$ among ! nations3 8a mission 9 :i* nobody believes1 a privilege ( :i*1 c&idly1 we %\ld be glad to be rid1 if at t price we c\ld wipe out ! "n ( #8,jew' z a title ( %ame40#dd ,?is loss ( self-respect on ! "o side aggravates ! contempt 9 :i* we are held1 & on ! o!r side is itself ! greate/ /umbl+-block on our pa? ( progress4 ,= :at1 except a /rong national consci\sness1 c induce our p to b5d all its en]gies to ! task ( re/or+ its national dignity1 & to fight unceas+ly & unwe>y+ly aga9/ all ! ob/acles ) :i* x is confront$8 ,t ^? ob/acles are _m & s]i\s--?is aga9 ,p9sk] does n conceal f u4 ,at ! be/1 sev]al g5]ations mu/ elapse be=e we c atta9 our end1 8p]haps only aft] lab\r too great = human /r5g?40 ,only1 z we recognise t ?is is ! "o road to our national salvation1 we mu/ n turn back fa9t-he>t$ly because ( ! dang] or = lack ( confid5ce 9 ! success ( our ef=ts4#de ,b su* language is intelligible only to a ?or\ghly awak5$ national consci\sness1 :i* c int5sify ! desire to atta9 ! end 9 proportion to ! heav9ess ( ! task1 c flame up = "o in/ant 9 ! he>t ( ! :ole p1 & produce a 8national resolution10 a sacr$ & unb5d+ resolve to take up ! "w ( revival & to c>ry x on1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 till its completion4 ,& 8:]e10 asks ,p9sk]1 bitt]ly1 8:]e %all we f9d ?is national consci\sness80 ,p9sk] f\nd no satisfactory answ] to ?is "q4 ,he made ?is national consci\sness a categorical imp]ative1 a conditio s9e qua non2 b he did n %[ h[ x 0 to be suppli$4 ,= ?is reason ! :ole ( ! practical s*eme :i* foll[s gives "o ! impression ( be+ =mulat$ conditionally--subject1 t is1 to ! em]g5ce among our p1 no matt] by :at means1 ( a national consci\sness /rong en\gh to enable !m to c>ry out ! idea 9 practice4 ,p9sk]'s practical s*eme1 z ,i said above1 is only an outl9e4 ,b its g5]al l9es are v simil> to ^? laid d[n by ,h]zl 9 ! pamphlet :i* is ! basis ( pres5t-day ,zioni/ policy4 ,z we _c hope = ano!r lead] l ,moses--8hi/ory does n v\*safe su* lead]s to ! same p repeat$ly0--! lead]%ip ( ! movem5t = national rebir? mu/ be tak5 by a gr\p ( di/+ui%$ ,jews1 m5 ( /rong w & g5]\s "*1 :o 8by _! union w1 p]haps1 succe$ 9 free+ u f reproa* & p]secution1 no less ?an did ! "o great lead]40#df ,h]zl uses v simil> language ab\t ?is collective negotiorum ge/or1#dg & he & ,p9sk] alike look = its memb]s among ! upp]-class ,jews2 b ,h]zl has 8 eye especially on ! ,jews ( ,engl&1 :ile ,p9sk] looks g5]ally to ! great organisations already 9 exi/5ce4#dh ,h]zl calls ?is gov]n+ body 8! ,society ( ,jews02 ,p9sk] calls x 8! ,directorium40 ,h]zl pictures ! =mation ( ! ,society ( ,jews 9 a v simple mann]4 ,! be/ ( ! ,engli% ,jews1 hav+ approv$ ! project1 come toge!r )\t any prelim9>ies1 & =m a 8,society ( ,jews40 ,h]zl sees no ne$ to call a ,national ,assembly fir/3 ! g5]al cons5t :i* is necess>y to give ! ,society prop] /&+ ) ! ,gov]nm5ts w come aft]w>ds spontane\sly4#di ,b ,p9sk] want$ ! v>i\s organisations to call 8a ,national ,congress1 ( :i* !y !mselves w\ld be ! nucleus40 ,only 9 ! ev5t ( _! refus+ to d ?is does he sugge/ t !y %\ld at lea/ con/itute a special 8national in/itution0 call$ a 8,directorium10 :i* %\ld unite all =ces 9 ! national "w4 ,! pr9cipal & imm$iate object ( ?is in/itution w\ld be 8to create a safe & indep5d5t home ( refuge = t sup]fluity ( poor ,jews :i* exi/s z a prolet>iat 9 v>i\s c\ntries1 & is dislik$ by ! native population40#ej ,all o!r ,jews1 n m]ely 9 ! ,we/1 8:]e !y are already naturalis$ up to a c]ta9 po9t10 b also 89 ^? places :]e !y are n readily tol]at$10 c rema9 :]e !y are4 ,unlike ,h]zl1 ,p9sk] does n ?9k x possible t all ! ,jews w leave _! homes & g to _! own ,/ate2 nor is ?is necess>y = 8 real object1 z ,i h po9t$ out above4 ,economic pressure is "u pres5t conditions caus+ ! 8sup]fluity0 to emigrate ye> by ye> f e c\ntry :]e !re is a sup]fluity2 & ?\s&s ( ,jews leave _! homes because !y c no long] ma9ta9 !mselves4 ,at pres5t ^! emigrants escape "o tr\ble to fall into ano!r4 ,!y w&] f c\ntry to c\ntry1 & f9d no prop] re/+-place2 & ! l>ge sums ( money exp5d$ by v>i\s organisations on ! migration ( ,jews & _! settlem5t 9 new homes produce no real b5efit1 because ! new home also is only a tempor>y lodg+4 ,:5 ! numb] ( ,jews 9 ! new c\ntry rea*es ! 8saturation-po9t10 ! j\rney w h to be resum$2 ! ,jews mu/ move on to yet o!r c\ntries4 ,b if we c prep>e1 :ile !re is yet "t1 a s+le secure home ( refuge in/ead ( ! _m insecure ones1 ! sup]fluity w gradually f9d its way ?i!r1 & its inhabitants w increase f ye> to ye>1 till at la/ x becomes ! c5tre ( our national life1 ?\gh ! bulk ( ! p w rema91 z hi!rto1 scatt]$ 9 /range l&s4 ,! fir/ act ( ! 8,directorium0 w\ld be to s5d an exp$ition ( exp]ts to inve/igate & f9d ! t]ritory be/ suit$ to our purpose f e po9t ( view4 ,:5 he wrote 8 pamphlet ,p9sk] did n yet reg>d our hi/oric l& z ! only possible home ( refuge2 on ! contr>y1 he fe>$ t our +ra9$ love = ,pale/9e might give u a bias & induce u to *oose t c\ntry )\t pay+ reg>d to its political1 economic & o!r conditions1 :i* p]haps might be unfav\rable4 ,= ?is reason he w>ns u emphatically n to be guid$ by s5tim5t 9 ?is matt]1 b to leave ! "q ( t]ritory to a commission ( exp]ts1 :o w solve x aft] a ?or\gh & detail$ inve/igation4 ,b on ! :ole he ?9ks t ! desir$ t]ritory w be f\nd ei!r 9 ,am]ica or 9 ,turkey4#ea ,9 ! latt] alt]native we %all =m a special 8,pa%alik10 ! indep5d5ce ( :i* w be gu>ante$ by ,turkey & ! o!r ,great ,p[]s4 8,x w be "o ( ! pr9cipal functions ( ! ,directorium10 writes ,p9sk]1 = all ! _w l an or?odox adh]5t ( 8diplomatic0 ,zionism to-day1 8to w9 = ?is project ! sympa?y ( ! ,porte & ! o!r ,european ,gov]nm5ts40#eb 8,& !n1 b n till !n10 he w>ns u once aga91 ! ,directorium w ent] on its "w ( buy+ l& & organis+ colonisation4 ,9 ?is "w x w ne$ ! assi/ance ( 8a gr\p ( capitali/s10 :o w =m 8a jo9t-/ock company0--exactly z 9 ,h]zl's s*eme1 :]e side by side ) ! ,society ( ,jews !re is e/abli%$ ! ,jewi% ,company1 a company ( capitali/s1 to direct ! mat]ial affairs ( ! settlem5t4 ,p9sk] next proce$s to describe 9 outl9e ! progress ( ! new settlem5t--h[ ! l& w be p>cell$ out 9 small plots1 "s to be sold to m5 ) capital1 & "s to be occupi$ by m5 ( no means ) ! assi/ance ( a ,national ,fund e/abli%$ to t end2 & s =?4 ,b = our pres5t purpose we ne$ foll[ him no fur!r4 ,:at has be5 said above w suffice to make x pla9 to all :o wi% to see t x 0 ,p9sk] :o work$ out ! :ole !ory ( political ,zionism1 & t 8 successors1 s f> f add+ any?+ ess5tial to 8 s*eme1 actually took away 9 l>ge measure its ideal basis1 & ?us s s]i\sly impair$ its moral value t !y _h to h rec\rse to v>i\s promises :i* !y c\ld nei!r fulfil nor repudiate4 ,?is w become abundantly cle> to anybody :o w comp>e ! two pamphlets1 ,p9sk]'s & ,h]zl's4 ,p9sk]1 z we h se51 puts ! emphasis on ! moral aspect1 ,h]zl on ! mat]ial4 ,h5ce ,p9sk] wi%es to f\nd only a national c5tre1 ,h]zl promises a complete 8+a!r+ ( ! exiles02 ,p9sk] f9ds ! motive p[] 9 a /rong national consci\sness1 ,h]zl 9 ! desire = individual bett]m5t4 ,= ?is reason ,p9sk] does n f9d x necess>y to m9imise ! difficulties3 on ! contr>y1 he repeats _m times1 ) emphasis1 t only at ! co/ ( inf9ite sacrifice w ! goal p]haps--m>k t 8p]haps06--be rea*$4 ,simil>ly1 he recognises t x is n "w = "o g5]ation alone4 8,we h to take only ! fir/ /ep2 our successors mu/ foll[ 9 our foot/eps1 ) measur$ tread & )\t undue ha/e40#ec ,n s ,h]zl4 ,he is b\nd to make light ( ! difficulties1 because o!rwise he w\ld h to face ! "q3 8,if we are look+ = bett]m5t z individuals1 h[ c we wa/e s mu* en]gy on a task t w take g5]ations to accompli%1 & may n be accompli%$ at all1 :5 we h s _m press+ ne$s :i* c be m or less met if we devote t en]gy to !m80 ,h5ce ,h]zl is nev] tir$ ( promis+ t x w be v easy to c>ry out 8 project 9 a %ort "t1 if only we want x4 8,let u b beg91 & anti-,semitism w at once die d[n 9 e c\ntry3 = ?is w be our treaty ( peace ) x4 ,once let ! ,jewi% ,company be e/abli%$1 & ! news ( x w spread 9 "o day to ! ends ( ! e>?1 & our position w imm$iately beg9 to improve4444 ,?us ! "w w proce$1 rapidly yet )\t convulsion40#ed ,! same diff]5ce is evid5t 9 ! g5]al s*eme ( ! two pamphlets4 ,p9sk] devotes mo/ ( 8 pamphlet to %[+ h[ l[ we h sunk z a nation1 & h[ badly we ne$ a ,/ate ( our own to save our dignity4 ,only at ! end does he expla9 briefly h[ he pictures to himself ! practical realisation ( 8 idea4 ,?is is because f 8 po9t ( view ! ess5tial ?+ is t we resolve t our dignity absolutely dem&s ?is c\rse ( action1 co/ :at x may4 ,we h no ne$ to sp5d mu* ?\ght at ! outset on ! "q :e!r we %all succe$1 or h[ & :5 we %all succe$1 because1 if we suppose t ! task is beyond our /r5g?1 we mu/ none ! less take x up1 9 ord] to wipe out our reproa*4 ,! "q ( dignity brooks no calculation4 ,b ,h]zl deals v briefly ) fundam5tal pr9ciples & reasons1 because1 f 8 mat]iali/ic po9t ( view1 !re is really no ne$ to enl>ge on !m4 ,c anybody d\bt t ! position ( ! ,jews 9 exile is v bad1 & t x w\ld be bett] = !m & = _! neighb\rs if !y w5t & e/abli%$ a sep>ate ,/ate = !mselves8 ,ev5 our 8assimilationi/s0 w\ld c]ta9ly agree = ! mo/ "p1 if !y only knew ) absolute c]ta9ty f ! />t t ! project c\ld be c>ri$ out )\t too mu* tr\ble1 8rapidly yet )\t convulsion40 ,! root "q is1 !n1 :e!r ! goal c 9 fact be rea*$ "u su* com=table conditions4 ,= ?is reason ,h]zl gives mo/ ( 8 att5tion to ?is "q1 & expla9s 8 practical s*eme 9 m9ute detail1 ) ! object ( %[+ t x dem&s no great sacrifices1 :e!r mat]ial or spiritual1 & t ev]y?+ f ,a to ,z w be a*iev$ ) ease1 rapidity & univ]sal satisfaction4 ,all ! emigration to ! ,jewi% ,/ate1 up to ! "t :5 ! :ole p is ga!r$ !re1 he describes almo/ z ?\gh x 7 a holiday excursion4 ,& 9 ! ,/ate itself ev]ybody lives 9 com=t & prosp]ity4 ,nobody w ne$ to =go ev5 ! m9or habits ( 8 ord9>y life2 & ! immigrant w n ev5 h to miss 8 fri5ds & relations1 because ! ,jews w leave ! diff]5t c\ntries 9 8local gr\ps10 & w be settl$ 9 _! own l& on t basis1 s t ea* man c atta* himself to ! gr\p :i* is close/ to him geographically & spiritually4 ,! work+-classes1 on ^: /r5g? ! ,/ate w be built up1 w "w only sev5 h\rs a day1 & ev5 ! ,jewi% ,company1 :i* is to direct ! :ole "w ) its capital1 w n incur any f9ancial risk1 because its inve/m5ts w be s\nd & w produce an exceptionally good return4#ee ,if1 fur!r1 we take into acc\nt ! wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! two pamphlets 9 /yle1 we may see t ,h]zl's pamphlet has ! air ( be+ a translation ( ,p9sk]'s f ! language ( ! anci5t ,prophets into t ( mod]n j\rnalism4 ,yet ! "n ( ,p9sk]1 z ! orig9ator ( ! political ,zioni/ !ory1 is almo/ =gott54 ,he is m5tion$ z a rule only 9 connection ) ! "w ( 8petty colonisation0 9 ,pale/9e1 z ?\gh 8 horizon _h be5 b\nd$ by 8 activity 9 t sph]e4 ,ord9>y m51 = :om ! real is ! visible1 rememb] only ?+s t are done3 & ! ?+ t ,p9sk] did--t to :i* he devot$ all 8 subsequ5t "w--has really no direct relation to ! message :i* he began by enunciat+4 ,i h %[n else:]e h[ x 0 t ,p9sk] came to take "p 9 ! "w ( ! ,*ovev ,zion1 despite ! political "* ( 8 !ory4 ,he und]/ood p]fectly well t _! "w 0 v f> remov$ f ! great project ( :i* he dreamt2 b he und]/ood also t )\t a 8national resolution10 proce$+ f a /rong national consci\sness1 & )\t unity & an organisation embrac+ ! :ole p1 x w\ld be impossible to c>ry out 8 great idea4 ,! cons5t ( ! ,p[]s1 ! fav\r ( ! ,sublime ,porte1 ev5 a ,*>t] sign$ & seal$--all ?is _c help u 9 ! lea/1 s long z we are n a s+le p1 /rong by virtue ( our unity & our indomitable w1 p5etrat$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) a s5se ( our pres5t national degradation1 & prep>$ to sacrifice our all = a nobl] future4 ,h5ce1 :5 ,p9sk] saw t national indiff]5ce 0 ! rule 9 e section ( ! p2 :5 he saw h[ fa9t an e*o 8 pamphlet rais$ 9 ! he>ts ( ! rul+ classes1 :om he confid5tly expect$ to be ! fir/ to rally to 8 bann]2 & :5 he saw a small gr\p ( m5 ) insignificant means1 or none1 putt+ =? e possible ef=t to c>ry out a national project1 small & poor ?\gh x 0 9 comp>ison ) 8 own ideal--,p9sk] c\ld n help l5d+ a h& to ^? :o 7 engag$ 9 ?is "w1 see+ 9 !m ! nucleus ( an organisation1 & ! small beg9n+ ( ! 8national resolution40 ,= ,p9sk] ! "w done 9 ,pale/9e 0 n ! beg9n+ ( ! practical realisation ( 8 programme1 b only ! beg9n+ ( ! prep>atory /age--! beg9n+ ( ! revival ( ! national consci\sness1 & ( ! union ( ! p "u ! bann] ( a common ideal4 ,he hop$ by means ( national action on a small scale to arrive ultimately at t national resolution on ! "p ( ! :ole p = :i* he look$ 9 8 pamphlet2 & !n ! real "w w\ld beg94 ,x is abundantly cle> t ?is is exactly ! c\rse :i* ! new ,zioni/s too are tak+ to-day1 ?\gh z yet1 x w\ld appe>1 unconsci\sly4 ,h[ great1 = in/ance1 is ! gulf betwe5 ! ,jewi% ,company ( ,h]zl's vision--possess+ a capital ( fifty millions /]l+1 & und]tak+ n only to plant ! settl]s 9 ! ,jewi% ,/ate1 b also to sell ! prop]ty & transact ! bus9ess ( all ! ,jews 9 ! ,diaspora--& ! small ,bank1 ) its qu>t]-(-a-million1 :i* has n[ be5 op5$1 aft] inf9ite lab\r1 to c>ry on "s simple & unimportant bus9ess op]ations 9 ,pale/9e & ,russia6 ,or aga91 is !re any sort ( relation%ip betwe5 ! ,society ( ,jews :i* ,h]zl describes 9 8 pamphlet--a ,society :i* is to /& at ! head ( ! :ole p & manage all its national affairs1 z ,moses did--& ! ,actions ,committee :i* n[ /&s at ! head ( ! ,zioni/ organisation8 ,& h[ %all we be br\ght to ! ,jewi% ,/ate--t free ,/ate gu>ante$ by all ! ,p[]s--by su* m9or concessions z x is possible to obta9 n[1 accord+ to ! ,zioni/ lead]s1 at ,yildiz ,kiosk = a c]ta9 price8 ,! pla9 tru? is t all ?is "w1 :i* ! new ,zioni/s reg>d z 8political0 "w p> excell5ce1 has z little to d ) ! !ory ( political ,zionism z _h ! petty colonisation "w :i* ,p9sk] took up4 ,9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r1 ! :ole value ( ! "w lies 9 its effect on ! p1 :i* x educates gradually 9 ! direction ( unity1 organisation1 national resolution4 ,9 o!r words1 we are /ill1 z we 7 9 ,p9sk]'s day1 at ! fir/ /age1 ! prelim9>y /age ( prep>atory "w4 ,x mu/ be admitt$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! practical sph]e--ev5 conf9+ t to prep>atory "w & propag&a--,p9sk] did little1 & did n a*ieve 9 8 t5 ye>s ( "w half z mu* z ! lead] ( ! new ,zionism has a*iev$ 9 five ye>s4 ,p9sk] 0 purely a !ori/3 he work$ out ! !ory ( ,zionism bett] & m fully ?an 8 successor1 b1 l all !ori/s1 he 0 ( little use :5 x came to practical "w4 ,m5 ( 8 type1 simple-s\l$ & pure-m9d$ to a degree1 innoc5t ( ! tricks & wiles ( diplomacy1 kn[+ no?+ b ! nak$ tru?--su* m5 _c f9d ! way to popul> fav\r4 ,_! words are too s9c]e1 _! actions too /raight=w>d4 ,^? only c attract ! mob & b5d x to _! w :o c desc5d to its level1 p&] to its ta/es1 & pipe to x 9 a hundr$ tunes1 *oos+ ! "r "o at ! "r mom5t4 ,p9sk] _h none ( ^! arts4 ,if1 = example1 he _h gone to ,yildiz ,kiosk to negotiate = ! colonisation ( ,pale/9e1 & _h be5 told !re3 8,if y h two million p\nds y may h s-&-s2 o!rwise--no?+0--:at w\ld he h done8 ,)\t a d\bt he w\ld h repli$ at once3 8,we h n su* a l>ge sum ( money1 & h at pres5t no prospect ( gett+ x40 ,!n he w\ld h return$ home empty-h&$1 & ! public at l>ge w\ld h kn[n no?+ ( 8 go+ or ( 8 return+2 or1 if x _h be5 impossible to keep ! matt] quiet1 ev]ybody w\ld h kn[n t 8c]ta9 /eps _h be5 tak50 at ,yildiz1 b _h come to no?+4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 w\ld h made a bad impression1 & h help$ 9 "s degree to weak5 ! en]gy ( 8 few support]s4 ,b we all /ill rememb] h[ ! ,zioni/ lead]s behav$ on a simil> occasion la/ ye>4 ,lead]%ip on ^! l9es _c satisfy ^? :o h a lik+ = ! pla9 tru?2 b f a pragmatic po9t ( view x und\bt$ly has ! advantage4 ,fir/ ( all1 p he>d only ! glad news 7x 8spread 9 "o day to ! ends ( ! e>?07 t ! ,sultan _h giv5 ! ,zioni/ lead]s a fav\rable reception & made !m c]ta9 promises1 b t ! details c\ld n yet be publi%$4 ,?is news ar\s$ widespread att5tion3 fri5ds & foes alike wait$ brea?lessly = ! curta9 to be drawn4 ,!n1 aft] ! news _h become public prop]ty & enliv5$ ! hopes ( ! ,zioni/s1 ! lead]s made ! fur!r ann\ncem5t t ! great promises _h be5 made conditionally1 & c\ld n be fulfill$ unless !y _h two million p\nds4 ,ev]ybody :o knew ! true /ate ( ?+s und]/ood at once--& c]ta9ly ! lead]s und]/ood x1 ev5 :ile !y 7 hav+ audi5ce ( ! ,sultan--t ?is condition c\ld n be met1 s t ! promises 7 m]e empty words4 ,& yet ! fir/ impression 0 n altoge!r effac$1 & x s]v$ to /r5g!n 9 _m p ! belief t some?+ great c\ld be done if only all sections ( ! p 7 ready to put all _! /r5g? into x--! k9d ( belief :i* is calculat$ to int5sify ! en]gy ( ! work]s1 & to spur !m on to put =? great] ef=ts4 ,9 a ^w3 !ory & practice are two dep>tm5ts :i* no d\bt dep5d on ea* o!r1 b ea* "o ne$s special abilities & diff]5t qualities ( m9d1 :i* c ) difficulty be comb9$ 9 "o man4 ,we mu/ !re=e hon\r e man accord+ to 8 value 9 8 own dep>tm5t4 ,if ,i might borr[ an illu/ration f religion1 ,i %\ld say t ,p9sk] 0 ! orig9ator ( ! gospel ( political ,zionism1 & ,h]zl its apo/le2 ,p9sk] br\ght ! new disp5sation1 & ,h]zl gave x curr5cy4 ,b x is usual = ! apo/le to recognise ! orig9ator & to ackn[l$ge 8 greatness3 z he spreads ! gospel1 s he publi%es abroad & sanctifies ! "n ( him :o br\ght x4 ,_h ! ,zioni/ apo/le foll[$ ?is cu/om1 ,p9sk] w\ld n[ h a _w-wide reputation1 & w\ld be v5]at$ by all ^: wat*word is ,zion4 ,b ,h]zl w\ld n be satisfi$ ) ! practical mission :i* 0 9 reality 8 mti]4 ,he mu/ ne$s 8orig9ate0 ! gospel itself ov] aga9--9 an inf]ior =m1 x is true--s t x %\ld be all 84 ,?us ! odd result has come ab\t t ! fur!r ! gospel spreads1 ! m completely is its true orig9ator =gott54 ,b x is n = ,p9sk]'s reputation t ,i am conc]n$4 ,9 8 lifetime he 0 s f> f ! desire = notoriety & asc5dancy1 t ,i h no d\bt t if he 7 alive to-day1 he w\ld rejoice :olehe>t$ly at ! wide vogue giv5 to 8 idea1 & n a %ade ( displeasure w\ld pass ov] 8 face because ( ! inju/ice done to himself p]sonally4 ,my only regret is t ,p9sk]'s wond]ful pamphlet has sunk ) him1 & ! ,zioni/ gospel itself has become m sup]ficial & m mat]iali/ic4#ef ,zionism is a fai?1 &1 l e o!r fai?1 x ne$s "o au?oritative 8,bible10 to be conn$ by ! true believ]s1 to be _! f\nta9-head ( spiritual influ5ce4 ,at pres5t ,zionism has no 8,bible40 ,great z is ,h]zl's influ5ce ) ! new ,zioni/s1 8 pamphlet c\ld n atta9 t high dignity4 ,b its g5]al _s p]vades all ! o!r bro*ures & spee*es on :i* ,zioni/s live1 & f :i* !y d]ive _! fai?2 & t _s1 z we h se51 is n calculat$ to raise ! masses above mat]ial int]e/s1 & r5d] !m capable ( mak+ great sacrifices = a high] national ideal4 ,p9sk]'s pamphlet is ! only "o t is wor?y to take ! fir/ place 9 ! lit]ature ( ,zionism1 & to be rev]$ by ! p>ty z ! fons et origo ( all its views & policies4 ,if ?is pamphlet 7 dissem9at$ among ,zioni/s1 & made famili> to !m1 x w\ld und\bt$ly help to educate !m 9 its _s--a _s ( pure idealism1 :i* sets m /ore by ! dignity ( ! :ole p ?an by ! advantage ( ! individual1 nev] fl9*es 9 ! face ( dang]1 is nev] impati5t1 & dem&s no c]ta9ty ( success4 ,!n ! lead]s w\ld n h to be always look+ = "s means ( keep+ ! f]v\r up to ! requir$ temp]ature1 nor to entangle !mselves 9 exagg]at$ promises & self-contradictions1 :i* only ! bl9dness ( en?usiasm c fail = a mom5t to detect4 ,en?usiasm1 h[ev]1 is a flame :i* spreads rapidly b does n la/4 ,x is only ! sl[-burn+ fire1 ) its /eady flame1 t c create ! enorm\s /r5g? requir$ = su* a national task 9 _m successive g5]ations4 ,= ?is reason ,i believe t !re w yet come a day :5 all ! ext]nal %[ & p>ade w no long] satisfy ^? :o ?ir/ = a national ideal2 & 9 t day _m w once m rememb] ,p9sk] & 8 pure & l(ty message--a message ( "w )\t limit & sacrifice )\t rew>d1 = no o!r object ?an to re/ore ! dignity ( our p1 & to enhance our value = humanity4 ,footnote #ca3 ,we he> n[ t ,h]zl comm5d$ ,p9sk] & 8 pamphlet--= ! fir/ "t--at "o ( ! sitt+s ( ! ,fif? ,congress4 ,t ,congress met at ,basle "s weeks aft] ! ,*ovev ,zion 9 ,russia _h giv5 prom95ce to ,p9sk]'s "n on ! anniv]s>y ( 8 dea?4 ,?is is evid5ce t ! ,presid5t ( ! ,zioni/ ,congress /ill sometimes pays att5tion to ! public op9ion ( ,russian ,jewry4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 ?is does n affect :at is said above4 ,footnote #cb3 ,a second edition 0 publi%$ ab\t a ye> aft] ! appe>ance ( ?is ,essay4 ,footnote #cc3 ,"h is an incid5t :i* illu/rates ! ext5t to :i* ! cont5ts ( ,p9sk]'s pamphlet h be5 =gott51 ev5 9 ,russia4 ,a %ort "t ago1 "s ( ! ,jewi% p]iodicals 9 ,russia publi%$ a lett] ( ,p9sk]'s dat+ f #ahhc1 :i* 0 f\nd among ! pap]s ( ! ,odessa ,committee4 ,! lett] conta9s only a few head+s ( ! ideas :i* are expla9$ 9 detail 9 8 pamphlet4 ,b ! p]iodicals 7 surpris$1 & f\nd x necess>y to rem>k t x appe>$ f ?is lett] t s long z tw5ty ye>s ago ,p9sk] _h 8=ese51 z x 710 ! ,zioni/ movem5t ( our day4 ,footnote #cd3 ,9 ,au/ria ! ,*ovev ,zion us$ to call !mselves 8,zioni/s0 long be=e ,h]zl's "t4 ,i believe t ,dr4 ,birnbaum inv5t$ ! "n 9 8 j\rnal ,selb/-,emanzipation4 ,h]zl m5tions ! 8,zioni/s0 a few times 9 8 bro*ure1 & satirically repres5ts !m z try+ to raise a heavy load by ! /eam ( a tea-kettle 7,jud5/aat1 p4 #d74 ,footnote #ce3 ,autoemancipation1 pp4 #a-g #g-aa 9 ! second edition1 #aijc4 ,footnote #cf3 ib4 p4 #ae #ag4 ,footnote #cg3 ,p9sk] di$ be=e ! days ( :at is n[ call$ 8spiritual nationalism10 ! view :i* d5ies ! ne$ = a di/9ct national t]ritory1 believ+ x possible t soon] or lat] we %all obta9 equal rights 9 ! l&s ( our disp]sion z a nation3 t is1 %all be all[$ to c>ry on our di/9ctive national life 9 ^! l&s1 j z we h already obta9$ equal rights1 z citiz5s1 9 _m c\ntries3 t is1 h be5 all[$ to take "p 9 social & political life l ! o!r inhabitants4 ,b ,p9sk] lays ! f\ndation = ?is view1 by dem&+--= ! fir/ "t--national equality1 & sub/itut+ ! =mula ( spiritual nationalism3 8! same rights = ! ,jewi% nation z = ! o!r nations0 78die ,glei*/ellung d] jdis*5 ,nation mit d5 &]5 ,nation50--,autoemancipation1 p4 #g #aa7 = ! old] =mula ( ! protagoni/s ( emancipation3 8! same rights = ,jews z = ! o!r citiz5s40 ,x is1 h[ev]1 fundam5tal to ,p9sk]'s view t national equality is unatta9able s long z we lack ! concrete attributes ( nationality4 ,a nation :i* is a nation only 9 ! spiritual s5se is a mon/rosity :i* ! o!r nations _c possibly reg>d z _! compe]2 x foll[s t !y _c recognise its title to dem& ! same rights z ^? enjoy$ by ! real nations4 ,footnote #ch3 ib4 pp4 #g-aj #aa-ac4 ,footnote #ci3 ib4 pp4 #aj-aa #ac-ad4 ,footnote #dj3 ,jud5/aat1 pp4 #bd-bf4 ,footnote #da3 ,! "q1 8,:at w induce ! ,jews to f\nd _! ,/ate & to settle 9 x80 is answ]$ by ,h]zl q simply3 8,we c tru/ ! anti-,semites to see to t40 7,jud5/aat1 p4 #ei47 ,footnote #db3 ,autoemancipation1 p4 #ab #ae4 ,footnote #dc3 ib4 p4 #af #ah4 ,footnote #dd3 ib4 p4 #ai #bj4 ,z ! sequel %[s1 ,p9sk]'s criticism is aim$ only at ^? :o make ! 8mission0 ! moral end ( our disp]sion4 ,!y ?9k t we c fulfil our mission only if we are ?or\ghly scatt]$3 :]eas ! fact is precisely ! rev]se4 8,s f> ! _w does n reg>d u z a g5u9e firm1 & all[s u little cr$it40 ,if1 !re=e1 we really wi% to b5efit ! _w by fulfill+ a mission1 we mu/ fir/ ( all e/abli% our national position1 s z to enhance our cr$it ) ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,footnote #de3 ib4 p4 #bj #ba4 ,footnote #df3 ib4 p4 #bf #be4 ,footnote #dg3 ,jud5/aat1 p4 #gj4 ,footnote #dh3 ,he means1 app>5tly1 ! ,alliance ,isralite ,univ]selle & its si/] organisations 9 ,engl& & ,au/ria4 ,! ,jewi% ,colonisation ,association _h n yet come into exi/5ce4 ,footnote #di3 ,h]zl %[s1 9 8 pamphlet1 no great lik+ = l>ge meet+s1 ev5 = propag&a purposes4 8,!re is no ne$0--s writes ! f\nd] ( ! ,zioni/ ,congress--8to summon special meet+s ) a lot ( palav]40 7ib4 p4 #eg47 ,footnote #ej3 ,autoem4 p4 #bg #be-bf4 ,else:]e 7p4 #cd #cj7 ,p9sk] insi/s t ! home ( refuge mu/ be secur$ by political means 78politis* gesi*]t407 ,footnote #ea3 ,h]zl also1 9 8 pamphlet1 does n decide on a t]ritory2 b he also looks to ,am]ica & ,turkey1 & sugge/s ! ,arg5t9e or ,pale/9e 7,jud5/aat1 p4 #bi74 ,footnote #eb3 ,autoem4 p4 #cj #bh4 ,footnote #ec3 ib4 p4 #ce #ca4 ,footnote #ed3 8,eilig und do* ohne ,ers*tt]ung0 7,jud5/aat1 p4 #he74 ,9 "o place ,h]zl says t ! emigration ( ! :ole p f ! v>i\s c\ntries to its own ,/ate w take 8"s decades0 7p4 #bg71 b does n say h[ _m4 ,else:]e he is m def9ite2 ! emigration w la/ 8p]haps tw5ty ye>s or p]haps m0 7p4 #gi74 ,footnote #ee3 ,x is wor? po9t+ out t ,p9sk]1 too1 h9ts t ! company ( capitali/s1 :i* is to co-op]ate ) 8 ,directorium1 may expect a good pr(it4 ,b z soon z he has m5tion$ ?is expectation he adds3 8,:e!r1 h[ev]1 ?is act ( national r$emption w be m or less good bus9ess or n--t "q is n ( great mom5t 9 comp>ison ) ! importance ( ! und]tak+ = ! future ( our p40 7pp4 #cb-cc #cj47 ,footnote #ef3 ,ev5 9 8 lifetime ,p9sk] 0 n und]/ood1 & 8 pamphlet 0 n appreciat$ at its full value4 ,smol5sk91 9 8 critique1 saw no?+ 9 ! pamphlet beyond ! sup]ficial ,*ibba? ,zion :i* _h !n a wide vogue 9 ,hebrew lit]ature1 & c\ld f9d no?+ to say 9 its praise except t x 0 writt5 9 ,g]man--a language 9 :i* 8su* ideas 444 h nev] be5 express$ be=e40 ,,! ,,"t ,,has ,,come 7#aijfeg7 ,y are "r1 my fri5ds3 8,n[ ! "t has come to beg9 plant+ our lit]ature 9 ! l& ( its bir? & on its own native soil40#eh ,b x seems to me t !re is a wid] & a deep] f\ndation = ?is /atem5t ?an y give to x 9 y\r ann\ncem5t4 ,! "t is ripe = y\r ent]prise n m]ely 8because !re is already a consid]able numb] ( ,jews 9 ,pale/9e & ! neighb\r+ c\ntries1 & s ,hebrew lit]ature1 its language be+ common to ! ,jews ( ,pale/9e1 has a function to p]=m 9 ! sph]e ( national culture40 ,if t 7 ! only reason1 we ,hebrew writ]s outside ,pale/9e1 ?\gh we %\ld c]ta9ly h welcom$ ! new adv5ture & h be5 glad to enjoy ! lit]>y fruit ( ,pale/9e1 %\ld n h felt x our duty to take an active "p 9 a local ,pale/9ian lit]>y movem5t1 creat$ only = ! ,jews 9 ,pale/9e1 ^: circum/ances are kn[n to u only by he>say1 or f ! visitor's brief exp]i5ce4 ,if none ! less ,i feel--& ,i am sure t o!r writ]s w feel ! same--t x is my duty to take "p 9 y\r und]tak+1 t c only be because x is n m]ely ! condition ( ! ,jews 9 ,pale/9e1 b ! condition ( our p 9 g5]al t n[ conv9ces u ( ! necessity ( reunit+ our l& & our language--^? sund]$ halves ( a s+le :ole1 ^? tw9 ma9 pill>s ( our national life1 :i* are bo? s ne> to u & s f> f u--& ( mak+ !m bo? toge!r1 by ! e/abli%m5t ( a wor?y lit]>y c5tre 9 ! l&1 a s+le mighty *annel ?r\gh :i* ! influ5ce ( our national _s %\ld be c>ri$ to all ! l&s ( our disp]sion4 8,n[ conv9ces u10 ,i say3 al?\gh x is already _m ye>s s9ce we began to recognise t ! ,hebrew _s is ye>n+ t[>ds its own l&1 because its life 9 exile is n a heal?y & a complete life4 ,b ?is recognition itself c\ld n get free all at once f ! fett]s ( galu?1 & did n prev5t u f dream+ all ^? ye>s ( ! revival ( our language & lit]ature outside ,pale/9e4 ,n[ realities h %[n ! futility ( our dream1 & we le>n p]=ce f exp]i5ce :at we w\ld n le>n will+ly f logic1 t j z ! ,hebrew _s _c develop z x %\ld )\t a free c5tre 8on its own native soil10 s1 too1 are its out] ve/m5ts1 our language & lit]ature1 "u ! same disability2 & all our ef=ts to revive !m on /range soil w n avail except = a %ort "t--until ! hamm] ( an ali5 environm5t /rikes out a sp>k :i* w de/roy 9 a mom5t :at we h sp5t _m ye>s & ! la/ remnant ( our /r5g? 9 build+ up4#ei ,h[ sl[ is ! developm5t ( an idea 9 ! human m9d6 ,e new idea is born ) great travail1 & ev5 aft] its bir? !re is a long lapse ( "t & a heavy loss ( =ce betwe5 its dawn & its noontide spl5d\r4 ,at fir/ x appe>s %r\d$ 9 mi/1 lum9\s yet obscure1 & its fa9t rays %imm] on ! surface ( ! human _s )\t be+ able to p5etrate to ! dep?s bel[4 ,only little by little1 aft] mu* lab\r & h>d /ruggl+1 is ! mi/ dispell$1 & ! light ( ! idea gr[s /rong] & floods all ! d>k corn]s ( ! m9d4 ,!n we look into ^! corn]s1 & wond] at ourselves = n hav+ be5 consci\s be=e ( ! *aos ( error & contradiction :i* held its own !re :ile ! light 0 already play+ on ! surface above4 ,h>d 7 ! bir?-pangs ( our national idea 9 ! =m ( 8,zionism10 & ! mi/s %r\d$ x at its bir?4 ,9 ! la/ g5]ation ! ,jewi% p _h settl$ d[n to its exile2 x wait$ = ! m]cy ( ,heav5 & ! k9dness ( ! _w1 sc>cely felt h[ its limbs 7 be+ torn asund] & scatt]$ 9 all directions1 & ask$ no great boon ( ! future1 except a peaceful life & a livelihood among ! nations4 ,!n a hurricane arose1 & ?und]\sly swept away ! hope ( k9dness f ! _w1 yes1 & ev5 ! hope ( m]cy f heav54 ,& ! cl>ion-call w5t =? among ! exil$ p3 ,y wi% = a peaceful life & livelihood8 ,!n get y up & g to y\r national l&1 & look no m = crumbs f /rang]s' tables3 = !re is nei!r peace nor livelihood except = ea* p 9 its own l&4 ,t 0 ! dawn ( our new idea4 ,! memory ( our hi/oric l&1 :i* _h become a lifeless ?+1 a m]e book-memory1 became once m a liv+ emotional =ce1 & 9 its re-bir? awoke our love = ! re/ ( our h]itage1 :i* n[ appe>$ 9 a new light to _m = :om x _h lo/ all actual value4 ,if we say--s ^! m5 reason$--t we h a national l&1 to :i* we wi% to return 9 v de$ & n only 9 pray]1 !n we admit1 & want o!rs to admit1 t we are actually a nation1 & n m]ely a ,*ur*4 ,& if we are a nation1 !n we mu/ h a national _s1 :i* di/+ui%es u f o!r nations1 & we mu/ value & protect x z e o!r nation does ) its national _s4 ,& if we value our national _s1 :]e %all we f9d x if n 9 ! h]itage ( our pa/1 & especially 9 our national language & lit]ature1 9 :i* ea* g5]ation /or$ up its spiritual treasure1 & left to its heirs 9 ! next ! be/ fruits ( its ?\ght1 its secret long+s1 its half-utt]$ sighs8 ,?us ,*ibba? ,zion began by giv+ an impulse to ! 8spiritual revival0--! fo/]+ ( our language & lit]ature1 ! e/abli%m5t ( national s*ools1 & s =?--n z a sep>ate & di/9ct ideal1 b z a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! ideal ( a peaceful life 9 ,pale/9e1 z a sort ( pro( ( our be+ really a di/9ct nation & possess+ all ! attributes ( a nation1 & be+ !re=e bo? 9 ne$ & des]v+ ( t :i* we h n n[--our national l&4 ,b gradually ! ,zioni/ idea began to get cle>]1 & ev5ts 9 ,pale/9e & else:]e help$ x to em]ge f ! mi/s ( vision>y hopes4 ,!n "s ( its foll[]s rev]s$ ! sequ5ce ( ideas4 ,x is n ! case1 !y said1 t ! r$emption ( ! p is ! goal ( all our ef=ts1 & ! spiritual revival only a means to x1 & a bran* ( x4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! spiritual revival is our real object1 :e!r we "k x or n1 & ! :ole purpose ( ! settlem5t to be built up 9 ,pale/9e is m]ely to s]ve z its basis4 ,x is true--su* 0 ! tra9 ( reason+ ( ?is dissid5t section--t galu? is a v evil ?+1 & t ! only way to escape ! ills :i* are inevitably b\nd up ) x is to escape f galu? itself4 ,b ?is tru? ( itself tells u no?+1 if we _c at ! same "t discov] ! way to 8! only way40 ,to say to a poor man3 8,if y want always to be sure ( a meal1 get rid ( y\r pov]ty & become ri*60 or to a sick man3 8,if y want to be free ( y\r pa9s1 get up f y\r b$ & be well60--to say ?is is to say no?+1 unless at ! same "t y %[ ! poor man h[ to get ri*1 & ! sick man h[ to get well4 ,n[ ,zionism has n %[n u h[ to get out ( galu?4 ,= all ! sophi/ication 9 ! _w _c d away ) ! cruelty ( h>d facts1 :i* d n all[ u to picture to ourselves1 ev5 approximately & 9 a g5]al way1 h[ our "w 9 ,pale/9e1 ev5 if 9 "t x develops up to ! v maximum ( :at is possible1 & cov]s ! :ole l& ) g>d5s & or*>ds & factories1 c accompli% ?is unprec$5t$ miracle3 t s small a c\ntry z ours %\ld absorb hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( immigrants at a "t1 ye> by ye>1 )\t com+ to su* a crisis z w\ld drive out its old & its new inhabitants 9 ev5 great] numb]s4 ,b if ?is miracle does n happ51 & ! ,pale/9ian settlem5t develops only little by little1 concurr5tly ) ! developm5t ( ! c\ntry's economic res\rces1 !n x is impossible to d5y t its gradual expansion w n dim9i% ! numb] ( ,jews 9 o!r c\ntries 7s9ce _! natural increase w (fset ! exodus to ,pale/9e71 & w n put an end to _! w&]+ & scatt]+ to all ! corn]s ( ! globe "u economic & social pressure1 :i* is br\ght to be> on !m f "t to "t 9 e c\ntry 9 :i* !y become too num]\s4 ,9 o!r words3 ! hope = an 8+a!r+ ( ! exiles0 has no basis 9 reality2 & ev5 9 t di/ant future to :i* we look =w>d1 :5 ! ,pale/9ian settlem5t w h rea*$ its full developm5t1 & ! ,jews !re w gr[ & multiply & fill all ! l& & make x _! own by _! "w--ev5 !n ! majority ( ,jews w be scatt]$ 9 /range l&s1 & _! life 9 ^? l&s w ev5 !n dep5d on ! good-w ( ! peoples among :om !y live z a small m9ority1 & ! dom9ant peoples w ev5 !n look askance at ! gr[? ( ?is 8ali5 body0 9 _! mid/ if x d>es to rise above a c]ta9 level3 & f9ally galu? 9 ! physical s5se w /ill be ) u1 & only a "p ( ! p w h escap$ f x--t comp>atively small "p :i* w h _h ! good =tune to rebuild ! wa/e places ( our l& & to atta9 national fre$om !re1 :ile all ! re/ ( ! p1 scatt]$ 9 /range c\ntries1 w rema9 z to its ext]nal condition j z x is1 & no fleet w set sail f ,pale/9e to protect x f p]secution4 ,b if ?is is s1 h we a "r to reg>d ! rebuild+ ( ,pale/9e z an ideal = ! :ole nation1 & its success z vital to ! hopes ( ! :ole nation8 ,we h6 ,= galu? is tw(old--x is mat]ial & spiritual4 ,on ! "o h& x cramps ! individual ,jew 9 8 mat]ial life1 by tak+ f him ! possibility ( c>ry+ on 8 /ruggle = exi/5ce1 ) all 8 /r5g? & 9 complete fre$om1 l any o!r man2 & on ! o!r h& x cramps no less our p z a :ole 9 its spiritual life1 by tak+ f x ! possibility ( safegu>d+ & develop+ its national individuality accord+ to its own _s1 9 complete fre$om1 l any o!r p4 ,?is spiritual cramp+1 :i* our ance/ors us$ to call1 9 _! own fa%ion1 8! exile ( ! ,div9e ,pres5ce10 & = :i* !y %$ n less te>s ?an = ! exile ( ! p1 has become especially pa9ful 9 our "t1 s9ce ! ov]?r[ ( ! artificial wall beh9d :i* ! _s ( our p entr5*$ itself 9 pa/ g5]ations1 9 ord] to be able to live its own life2 & n[ we & our national life are enslav$ to ! _s ( ! peoples ar\nd u1 & we c no long] save our national individuality f be+ und]m9$ z a consequ5ce ( ! necessity ( assimilat+ ourselves to ! _s ( ! ali5 life1 :i* is too /rong = u4 ,n[ x is ?is problem ( spiritual galu? :i* really f9ds its solution 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a national 8refuge0 9 ,pale/9e3 a refuge n = all ,jews :o ne$ peace & bread1 b = ! _s ( ! p1 = t di/9ctive cultural =m1 ! result ( a hi/orical developm5t ( ?\s&s ( ye>s1 :i* is /ill /rong en\gh to live & to develop naturally 9 ! future1 if only ! fett]s ( galu? are remov$4 ,& ?\gh ! refuge conta9 only a t5? "p ( ! p1 ?is t5? "p w be sacr$ to ! :ole p1 :i* w see 9 x a picture ( its national individuality1 ( :at x is l :5 x lives its own life1 )\t ext]nal con/ra9t4 ,& :o c e/imate 9 advance ! /r5g? ( ! influ5ce :i* ?is national c5tre w ex]t on all ! circumf]5ce1 & ! radical *anges :i* t influ5ce w produce 9 ! life ( ! :ole p8 ,"s ( ! ,*ovev ,zion arriv$ at ?is idea1 z ,i h said1 "s eighte5 ye>s ago4#fj ,_h !y succe$$ 9 mak+ x common prop]ty1 x might h sav$ bo? ! p & ! l& f _m mi/akes4 ,b ideas d n develop quickly 9 ! human m9d1 & ?is idea1 l o!rs1 met ) =midable ob/acles1 :i* did n all[ x to p5etrate fully into m5's m9ds4 ,:5 ?is op9ion ( a m9ority 0 made public1 a %udd] w5t ?r\gh ! ,zioni/ camp1 z ?\gh ! pres5ce ( a de/ructive enemy _h be5 detect$4 ,nor 0 ?is in/9ct :olly mi/ak54 ,! movem5t 0 !n only j beg9n+ to spread among ! masses1 & "h 0 an attempt to give x a =m :i* mu/ ali5ate ! masses1 :o want above all ?+s an escape f _! mat]ial tr\bles6 ,x is possible t m5 did occasionally say to !mselves3 8,:at does x matt]8 ,^? few :o c really f9d a quiet life & a livelihood 9 ,pale/9e at ! pres5t "t--w !y refuse to g !re unless !y are assur$ be=eh& t !y are br++ complete r$emption to ! :ole p8 ,& ! m5 :o "w = ! ideal--!y are ( c\rse b\nd to get q cle> 9 _! own m9ds ab\t ! real purpose ( _! "w1 ) due reg>d to actualities1 s t !y may set ab\t _! task 9 ! way be/ suit$ to a*ieve _! purpose40 ,x may be t p occasionally indulg$ 9 su* reflections 9 secret4 ,b we live 9 ! age ( democracy1 & ev]ybody believes t only ! masses are ! s\rce ( light & ( progress1 & t any ideal :i* ! masses _c grasp is m]e nons5se4 ,:ile x is true t 9 ^? days ! democratic "* ( ,zionism 0 n proclaim$ f e h\se-top1 z x is to-day1 yet ev5 ! e>ly ,*ovev ,zion 7 unconsci\sly democrats 9 ?is s5se1 t !y reg>d$ ! masses n m]ely z mat]ial = ! national build+1 b z consci\s ar*itects1 delib]ately int5t on mak+ su* a build+ z ! national purpose requir$4 ,h5ce !y 7 sc>$ by ! idea t _! propag&a w\ld n g d[n ) ! masses if !y put =w>d ! spiritual revival z _! only object2 & !y w5t on tell+ ! masses t r$emption 0 at h& if only !y w\ld give _! :ole-he>t$ support4 ,b 9 spite ( all ?is !y did n succe$ 9 creat+ a real mass-movem5t1 because ! masses n only he>d :at !y said1 b also saw :at !y a*iev$--& :at !y a*iev$ 0 n calculat$ to confirm ! belief t ?is 0 ! way to r$emption4 ,x 0 only :5 we/]n ,zionism came & proclaim$ t x _h f\nd a new & 8practical0 way to a*ieve ! object--! way ( diplomacy 9 ! c\rts ( ,ea/ & ,we/--t ! masses foll[$ its flag = a %ort "t1 believ+ 9 _! simplicity t diplomatic docum5ts w\ld be ! 8pap] bridge0#fa ov] :i* !y w\ld soon pass to ! l& ( _! fa!rs--& !n an end to galu? & its mis]ies4 ,b :5 ! hopes ( diplomacy 7 disappo9t$1 ! masses once m lo/ fai? 9 ! possibility ( escape f galu?2 & :5 at ! same "t !y saw a slight *ance ( an improvem5t ( _! condition 9 ! l& ( _! exile 9 a n di/ant future1 !y turn$ 9 t direction4 ,s ! masses are des]t+ ! ,zioni/ flag be=e our eyes1 &--:at is /ill m pa9ful--!y sometimes take ! ,zioni/ flag ) !m & tack x on to ! flag ( ano!r camp4 ,:5 ! hi/ory ( ,zionism comes to be writt51 ! hi/orian w n be able to pass 9 sil5ce ov] an extraord9>y inconsi/5cy ( contempor>y ,zioni/ propag&i/s & writ]s4 ,:5 !y are try+ to attract ! p to _! flag1 !y wax en?usia/ic ov] ! l(ty mission ( ,zionism1 :i* is to end our exile & to deliv] ! ,jews f all _! tr\bles2 & at ! same "t !y gird or sc(f at ! 8spiritual0 ,zioni/s1 ^: unfeel+ he>ts so> skyw>ds :ile _! bre?r5 are afflict$ & _! blood is %$ l wat]--& s =?1 & s =?4 ,b ^! same m51 :5 !y confront ! oppon5ts ( ,zionism1 :o ask to be told cle>ly h[ ,zionism c end our exile if x _c ga!r all our scatt]$ ho/s into ,pale/9e--!n !y take refuge 9 ! spiritual mission ( ,zionism1 & in/ead ( 8blood %$ l wat]10 !y expatiate on our spiritual slav]y & ! impossibility ( develop+ our spiritual p[]s 9 exile4 ,?is jump+ ab\t f "o side to ! o!r1 :i* %[s cle>ly h[ weak is ! belief 9 a mat]ial r$emption ( ^? :o /& up = x1 has become especially noticeable s9ce ! "q ( 8,ug&a0 came up & s9ce ! bir? ( 8,t]ritorialism10 :i* 0 really lat5t 9 ! ,zionism ( mat]ial r$emption4 ,all ^? :o _h become ,zioni/s only = ! sake ( sav+ ! p f p]secution c\ld n und]/& h[ x 0 possible to reject ! ,ug&a proposal1 or any o!r simil> proposal :i* seem$ to (f] u ! desir$ salvation--8a secure home ( refuge0--m]ely on ! gr\nd t we want$ ,pale/9e & ,pale/9e only1 ?\gh we did n "k :51 if ev]1 x w\ld be giv5 to u4 ,& :at 0 ! answ] ( ! 8,zion-,zioni/s0 7a "n1 co9$ 9 ! ,ug&a p]iod1 :i* also w int]e/ ! future hi/orian78 ,did !y try to %[ t our scatt]$ ho/s c\ld be ga!r$ m quickly & m easily into ,pale/9e1 or t 9 ,pale/9e we %\ld be bett] able politically to protect ! ,jews ( ! ,diaspora8 ,no6 ,!y _h rec\rse to ! 8_s10 & op5ly admitt$ ! bitt] tru? t nei!r 9 ,pale/9e nor 9 any o!r t]ritory c\ld we ga!r all our exiles f ! f\r corn]s ( ! globe2 t ! object ( ,zionism 0 only to e/abli% 8a secure home ( refuge0 = a m9ority ( ! p1 :i* %\ld become ! c5tre ( ! :ole p & influ5ce x spiritually2 & t ?is object c\ld be a*iev$ only 9 ,pale/9e1 ! bir?-place ( our national _s1 & 9 connection ) our hi/oric memories & s =?4 ,9 fact1 !y adopt$ ! :ole philosophy ( ! 8skyw>d so>+0 s*ool1 only add+ a few misplac$ 8political0 phrases = =m's sake4 ,b aft] ! ,sev5? ,congress1#fb :5 ! d\bt]s _h left ! organisation & ! 8,zion-,zioni/s0 7 left to !mselves1 ) nobody to ask awkw>d que/ions1 !y rev]t$ to _! old tactics2 & n[ once m !y dangle be=e ! p ! old promises ( 8an end to galu?40 ,mean:ile1 h[ev]1 a g5]al movem5t = lib]ty1 affect+ all ! nations 9 ! ,empire1 arose 9 ! l& ( our exile#fc2 & 9 our own mid/ new propag&i/s began to hold out to ! p new promises & to speak to x 9 a new language1 :i* ! masses f\nd v agreeable4 ,& s ! ,zioni/s began to *ange _! tune1 s z to w9 ov] ! masses4 8,political "w 9 ! ,diaspora8--,( c\rse6 ,x is an ess5tial "p ( ,zioni/ "w4 ,revolution8 ,:y1 :o s revolution>y z ! ,zioni/s8 ,socialism8--,! v basis ( ,zionism60 ,& n alone t1 b ev5 ! ,pale/9ian "w1 to :i* 9 ! end ! ,zioni/s return$1 aft] !y _h awoke f ! dreaml& ( diplomacy1 took on a new epi!t3 8real "w 9 ,pale/9e40 ,! public mu/ und]/& t ,zioni/s are n 8reaction>ies0 pursu+ a 8spiritual0 w-o'-!-wisp1 b g5u9e 8reali/s10 & _! "w 9 ,pale/9e is 8real0 "w4 ,b if at ! ,eigh? ,congress ! oppon5ts ( 8real0 "w 7!re are /ill su* among ,zioni/s7 prop\nd _! d\bts aga91 & dem& an explanation ( ! value ( su* "w f ! po9t ( view ( ! +a!r+ ( ! exiles & ! r$emption ( ! p1 !n1 ,i fe>1 ! *ampions ( 8real0 "w w be compell$ once m to h rec\rse to ! 8_s0 9 ord] to ju/ify _! 8realism40 ,= ! fact is t all "w 9 ,pale/9e1 ( :atev] k9d1 mat]ial or spiritual1 s long z x is prop]ly done1 is 8real0 7t is1 calculat$ to a*ieve its object & 9 h>mony ) actual conditions7 only f ! po9t ( view ( ! spiritual r$emption1 because :atev] /r5g!ns our mat]ial & spiritual position 9 ,pale/9e is a s\rce ( add$ /r5g? to our corporate national _s1 & !re=e br+s u ne>] by mu* or by little to our spiritual goal4 ,b z = ! r$emption ( ! p & ! end ( galu?--t 8real0 goal is no m br\ght ne>] by all ?is 8real0 "w ?an we get ne>] to ! moon by jump+4 ,?us ,zionism is always runn+ aft] ! masses--& ! masses run away f x4 ,a well-kn[n economi/ has correctly indicat$ "o ( ! pr9cipal causes ?r\gh :i* ! doctr9e ( ,m>x made great] headway ?an simil> doctr9es be=e x4 ,m>x1 he po9ts out1 made 8 sociali/ic movem5t ! movem5t ( a def9ite section ( society--! 8prolet>iate0--^: condition & wants inevitably produce 9 ea* ( its individual memb]s a deep-root$ & p[]ful desire = a *ange 9 ! social ord]1 & :i* is !re=e really fitt$ to fight unit$ly & pati5tly = ! atta9m5t ( ! ideal t promises ! satisfaction ( _! common dem&s4 ,8 pr$ecessors 9 ! developm5t ( ,socialism1 on ! o!r h&1 appeal$ vaguely & 9 g5]al fa%ion to 8! p10 8! poor10 & simil> undef9$ entities4#fd ,a simil> /atem5t may be made ab\t ,zionism1 ?\gh 9 a negative s5se4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal causes t h prev5t$ ,zionism hi!rto f f9d+ a firm & secure f\ndation is ! fact t x has n s f> succe$$ 9 recogniz+ & def9+ its own 8prolet>iate0--its natural body ( support]s1 :i* is really fitt$ to fight unwe>y+ly = ! ,zioni/ ideal1 )\t be+ turn$ aside to foll[ any o!r4 ,f its inception until ! pres5t day1 ,zionism has appeal$ to 8! p0 g5]ally4 ,b 8! p0 is n its natural support1 because ! only want ( :i* ! great majority ( ! p is suffici5tly consci\s--! want :i* alone1 !re=e1 c =m ! basis ( common national "w--is ! ne$ = fre$om f mat]ial pressure4 ,s soon z we leave ?is common gr\nd1 we f9d ! p divid$ into p>ties & classes1 ^: consci\s dem&s diff] 9 ea* case1 & ^: relation to our national life1 !re=e1 9 ea* case takes on a diff]5t =m4 ,if1 !n1 ,zionism c\ld really po9t ! way to our mat]ial reg5]ation1 x w\ld d\btless unite "u its bann] ! :ole p1 )\t di/9ction ( p>ty or class1 except1 p]haps1 t small m9ority :i* is already 8emancipat$0 f all national ties1 & /&s on ! ?re%old ( ano!r way ( escape f galu?4 ,b1 z ,i h already said1 ! p does n see 9 ,zionism ! way to its mat]ial reg5]ation1 & _c see x !re1 because x is n !re4 ,! unsophi/icat$ masses h always a 8feel+ = reality0 t prev5ts !m in/9ctively f believ+ 9 promises inconsi/5t ) ! reality be=e _! eyes4 ,x is only occasionally1 9 times ( deep di/ress f :i* !re is no escape1 t ! masses w li/5 to a promise ( r$emption t lets a ray ( com=t into _! he>ts2 b !y turn away & disreg>d x s soon z !y see hope ( a rem$y m 9 t\* ) actualities4 ,x is n /range1 !re=e1 t ,zionism1 brief ?\gh its life has be51 has already exp]i5c$ _m a sudd5 rise & _m a sudd5 fall 9 ! popul> e/imation1 its =tune v>y+ ) circum/ances4 ,b is a p subject to su* *anges fitt$ to be ! rank & file ( a movem5t bas$ on a long hi/ory1 confront$ by num]\s ob/acles1 & dem&+ /r5u\s1 wisely-direct$1 ord]$ ef=t1 )\t sudd5 leaps backw>ds & =w>ds8 ,i ?9k1 !n1 t ! c\rse ( ev5ts w compel ,zionism to come gradually to und]/& itself & its support]s3 to und]/& itself z a national movem5t ( a spiritual "*1 ^: aim is to satisfy ! dem& = a true & free national life 9 accordance ) our di/9ctive _s2 & to f9d its support]s 9 t nationali/ section :i* is suffici5tly consci\s1 9 all its individual memb]s1 ( ?is dem&1 & :i* 9 a c]ta9 s5se may be call$ a 8spiritual prolet>iate40 ,=1 9 spite ( all ! num]\s latt]-day sections ( ,jews1 ) _! abbreviat$ names1 x is /ill d\btful :e!r among all our 8,s4,d40 & 8,s4,s40#fe ) _! ceaseless talk ab\t _! 8prolet>iate psy*ology10 !re is really any consid]able numb] ( memb]s :o c prop]ly be held to belong to ! prolet>iate 9 ! ,sociali/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,! mission ( ! prolet>iate is to ha/5 ! ,sociali/ solution by ! conc5tration ( weal?2 & ?is mission c be fulfill$ only by ^? :o "w 9 l>ge indu/rial und]tak+s4 ,! "w ( ! ma/]-workman & 8 assi/ants is n prolet>iate "w1 because1 s f> f ha/5+1 x h9d]s t solution4 ,n[ ! work+-class ,jew has practically no place 9 ! l>ge indu/rial und]tak+s2 g5]ally speak+1 ! s-call$ prolet>iate section ( ! ,jews belongs to ! class ( ma/]-workm54 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is among ! ,jews1 & only among !m1 a prolet>iate 9 ano!r s5se--9 ! s5se indicat$ by ! comb9ation ( 8national0 & 8spiritual40 ,! position & ! ne$s ( ?is prolet>iate1 :i* are common to all its individual memb]s1 compel x to feel a deep-root$ & p[]ful desire = a *ange 9 ! e/abli%$ ord]2 b ! *ange desir$ 9 ?is case is n a conc5tration ( ! means ( production1 b j ! opposite4 ,:at is want$ is a new means ( production1 :]e) to create a product ( a special "*4 ,among all civilis$ nations ours is ! only "o t has no special means ( production ( its own :]e) to create its spiritual & intellectual weal?1 b is compell$ to make use ( ! means provid$ by o!r nations--_! languages1 _! lit]atures1 _! s*ools & univ]sities1 & s =?--& ?us to enri* ! own]s ( ^! means ( production by its "w4 ,b ! prolet>iate t produces mat]ial weal? receives 9 paym5t at lea/ a "p ( ! weal? produc$ by its lab\r1 & only ! surplus is left to ! own] ( ! means ( production2 :]eas 9 our case almo/ all ! result ( our toil goes to swell ! weal? ( o!rs4 ,our own national treasury is impov]i%$ & empty2 our own di/9ctive _s dw9dles & dw9dles4 ,& yet we are ri* 9 spiritual & intellectual p[]s1 & d productive "w 9 e bran* ( life4 ,?is condition ( ?+s is di/ress+ to all ,jews ^: k9%ip ) _! p is n "o ( blood m]ely1 b ^: national consci\sness & g5]al culture h develop$ to su* a po9t t !y c bo? und]/& & feel ! deep trag$y ( ?is national degradation4 ,= ! p s degrad$ produc$ ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 = itself & ) its own means ( production1 a /ore ( spiritual weal? f :i* ! _w /ill draws su/5ance2 & x is impossible = !m to imag9e t all ! endless sacrifices1 ) :i* = two ?\s& ye>s our p has paid = ! pres]vation ( its _s & its own =m ( life1 are to h no result except to br+ u at ! pres5t day to a condition ( spiritual empt9ess1 ! end ( :i* w p]haps be a contemptible dea?4 ,?is con/ant feel+ ( di/ress necess>ily impels ^! m5 to "w = ! free+ ( our _s & ! products ( our lab\r f ali5 dom9ion4 ,:]e !re is a real want1 be x physical or spiritual1 !re is a solid basis = a union ( =ces 9 jo9t "w = ! satisfaction ( ! common dem&4 ,& s x is ! m5 :o are really consci\s ( ?is want :o =m ! only section specially fitt$ to support ! ,zioni/ movem5t1 & to "w = x unit$ly1 pati5tly1 9 an organiz$ mann]1 until its goal is rea*$4 ,i am fully aw>e t n all :o feel ?is ne$ are z yet conv9c$ t !y mu/ unite "u ! bann] ( ,zionism4 ,_m ( !m /ill believe 9 ! possibility ( free+ ! ,jewi% _s1 & cont9u+ its int]nal developm5t1 ev5 )\t a national c5tre4 ,b !y w *ange _! m9ds :5 t spiritual fre$om 9 exile1 = :i* !y wait1 is atta9$1 & :5 !y see ! net result ( _! hop+ to 8s+ ! ,"l's song 9 a /range l&40 ,9 ,we/]n ,europe & 9 ,am]ica1 :]e ! desir$ fre$om has already be5 grant$1 & its effect on our national life is obvi\s1 ! conviction is already spread+ t ext]nal fre$om1 ! removal ( ! heavy h& ( oppression1 is n 9 itself suffici5t to free our inn]mo/ _s f its moral bondage to ! /range environm5t t surr\nds u on all sides 9 our exile4 ,& ?is conviction w inevitably spread 9 ,ea/]n ,europe also :5 ! ext]nal *a9s are brok5 !re4 ,our p w !n be able1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 to live a national life1 9 accord ) its own _s1 j s f> z x wills to d s4 ,b x w n be able s to w4 ,! w itself does n dep5d on free *oice4 ,a man may wi% to w1 & yet be unable1 because at t p>ticul> mom5t ! necess>y conditions are abs5t1 )\t :i* ! w _c become an active =ce4 ,s1 too1 9 ! case ( a nation4 ,!re c be no active national w to live a di/9ctive spiritual life1 ev5 ?\gh p]mission be giv5 "u ! h& & seal ( ! rul+ p[]1 :]e ! individuals :o compose ! nation are surr\nd$ by a spiritual atmosph]e =eign to !m1 & brea! ?is atmosph]e :e!r !y w or no1 )\t see+ 9 ! :ole _w ev5 a squ>e y>d ( gr\nd :i* _! national _s1 & !irs alone1 p]vades1 subject to no =eign ov]lord1 & 9 :i* x creates ) its own means ( production en\gh spiritual weal? to satisfy ! :ole p4 ,i am aw>e also t ! section t desires to free our national _s1 :e!r by means ( a national c5tre 9 ,pale/9e or )\t x1 is n num]\s1 tak5 all toge!r1 at ! pres5t "t4 ,b ?is fact ne$ n make u despair1 z ?\gh 9 tru? ! dea? ( our _s 7 at h&1 because x has no p to make x manife/ 9 ! _w4 ,! ,hebrew _s nev] s\ght its /r5g? & p[] 9 numb]s4 8,! ,"l did n 444 *oose y because ye 7 m 9 numb] ?an any p2 = ye 7 ! fewe/ ( all p40 ,! ,god ( ?is nation1 :5 ,he saw x 8turn quickly f ! way10 did n fold up ,8 ,law & get ,him gone1 b said to ! "o man :o rema9$ fai?ful to ,him3 8,let ,me alone 444 t ,i may consume !m3 & ,i w make ( !e a great nation40 ,x is a mi/ake to ?9k t ! national _s is an ab/ract idea1 :i* designates ! sum ( all ! spiritual pr9ciples t manife/ !mselves 9 ! life ( ! p 9 ea* g5]ation1 & t :5 ?is manife/ation ceases x no long] exi/s4 ,! national _s is 9 fact a collective idea only 9 relation to ! mann] 9 :i* x came into be+1 z a result ( ! common life ( a body ( individuals closely connect$ ) "o ano!r1 & cont9u+ ?r\gh g5]ations "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,b :5 x has once come into be+1 & has f\nd root 9 m5's s\ls by virtue ( a long hi/ory1 !n x becomes "p ( ! psy*ology ( ! individual3 its tru? is v9dicat$ 9 ! individual1 & does n dep5d at all on any?+ ext]nal to him4 ,if ,i feel ! ,hebrew national _s 9 my he>t1 & x gives a di/9ctive =m to my inn] life1 !n t _s does exi/ 9 me1 & its exi/5ce does n cease ev5 if all ! o!r ,jews 9 my "t no long] feel its exi/5ce 9 _! own he>ts4 ,i ass]t1 !re=e1 t if ! majority ( our p are unconsci\sly becom+ m & m e/rang$ f ! national _s1 & if its *ildr5 born 9 exile h made = !mselves new gods l ! gods ( ! peoples ar\nd !m1 & only a few rema9 fai?ful to our national idea 9 its hi/oric =m1 & desire = x fre$om & developm5t3 !n ^! few are ! heirs ( our national possessions at ! pres5t "t2 x is !y :o hold ! ?read ( hi/ory1 & d n all[ x to be brok54 ,s long z !re is a s+le ,jew :o holds ! ?read1 we _c tell :at its end w be4 ,p]haps ! conditions ( life w *ange1 & ! small remnant w aga9 become 8a great nation40 ,b h[ is x possible t ! conditions ( our life 9 exile %\ld *ange 9 ! mann] necess>y = ! revival ( ! ,jewi% _s8 ,:at p[] has a small p>ty to /r5g!n & ha/5 ?is possibility8 ,:at security h we t ! *ange1 if x come ab\t1 w be firm & la/+8 ,^! que/ions dem& an answ] n 9 words1 b 9 de$s4 ,v]bal answ]s we h giv5 times )\t numb]4 ,!re is only "o way1 we h said1 to *ange ! conditions ( our national life fundam5tally1 s t x %all become our life inde$1 & n a pass+ %ad[ ( ! life ( o!r p2 & t way is ! f\ndation ( a c5tre = our national _s 8on its own native soil40 ,fur!r1 we h promis$ m ?an once t ?is way ( ours1 l e new pa?1 w be made & prep>$ by ! few = ! _m1 :o w aft]w>ds foll[ ( _! own accord4 ,b :5 we came to turn our words into de$s1 !n x became cle> t !re 0 /ill *aos 9 ! dep?s ( our _s1 al?\gh ! light ( ! idea play$ on ! surface4 ,:oev] kn[s by exp]i5ce h[ de> ,pale/9e is /ill to e pla9 ,jew1 h[ 8 he>t swells--sometimes ev5 to ! po9t ( joyful te>s--:5 he reads or he>s ( ! revival ( ! ,hebrew language among ! *ildr5 9 ,pale/9e1 or ( ! success ( ! ,hebrew colonies !re--:oev] kn[s ?is _c d5y t ! actual "w ( build+ up a c5tre 9 ,pale/9e1 ev5 be=e x approa*$ its goal1 c\ld h _h a wond]ful influ5ce on ! _s ( ! p 9 ! l&s ( our exile4 ,! tru? is1 t ev5 n[ ! majority ( our p *]i% _! national inh]itance1 & desire its et]nal pres]vation2 b ! bondage ( galu?1 mat]ial & spiritual1 cramps ! he>t1 & r5d]s ! national feel+ & w incapable ( becom+ an effective =ce 9 action4 ,& yet1 if our "w 9 ,pale/9e _h be5 su* z to %[ cle>ly t !re is really a prospect & a fair hope = ! life ( our _s & our national possessions 9 ! l& ( _! bir?2 if ! p _h se5 ! f\ndations ( ! build+ laid by exp]t h&s1 "o complete /one ^u ano!r1 ?\gh ! /ones _h be5 b small3 !n ! p w\ld h s\ght & f\nd "h a new s\rce ( life = its dormant national s5tim5t1 & a new /r5g? ( w to protect m effectively its spiritual possessions 9 exile4 ,b z ?+s are1 h[ c we prove ! correctness ( our answ]8 ,:at are ! results ( our tw5ty ye>s & m ( "w 9 ,pale/9e8 ,) reg>d to mat]ial "w1 we h only unsuccessful attempts to %[2 & z = spiritual "w1 we _c ev5 %[ su* attempts 7except1 p]haps1 ! s*ool at ,jaffa71#ff = 9 fact sc>cely any?+ has be5 done4 ,^? :o desir$ ! 8+a!r+ ( ! exiles0 h lab\r$ all ^! ye>s1 fir/ ( all 9 f\nd+ philan?ropic colonies1 & !n 9 political talk2 !y h _h nei!r ! "t nor ! w to m$dle 9 spiritual matt]s4 ,^?1 aga91 :o desir$ ! 8revival ( ! _s0 h also dissipat$ all _! "t & _! /r5g? 9 spiritual "w 9 ! ,diaspora2 9 all ?is "t !y h n creat$ 9 ,pale/9e "o s+le spiritual product t c\ld awake an e*o 9 ! nation's he>t4 ,x is z ?\gh !y _h =gott5 ! fir/ pr9ciple ( _! own fai?1 t ! revival ( ! _s 9 exile c come ab\t only ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( a national c5tre 9 ,pale/9e4 ,!y h1 inde$1 said a great deal ab\t ! ne$ = f\nd+ univ]sities & s*ools1 & o!r su* ne$s1 ! satisfaction ( :i* is beyond _! p[] at pres5t4 ,b !y h n done t :i* 0 bo? necess>y & possible4 ,"h1 = example1 is an attempt to f\nd a small lit]>y organ 9 ,pale/9e4 ,i ask myself3 ,:y 0 ?is n done long ago8 ,9 ! ,diaspora a l>ge numb] ( lit]>y plants h bloom$ & fad$ dur+ ! ,zioni/ epo*2 !y h borne fruit1 & h left "s good beh9d !m1 :e!r x 0 mu* or little4 ,9 ,pale/9e1 mean:ile1 s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! movem5t !re has n be5 publi%$ a s+le lit]>y miscellany :i* has made its m>k 9 our lit]ature4 ,yet we did n feel t some?+ 0 lack+4 ,we con/antly told ! p t only 9 ,pale/9e c\ld our national _s fl\ri% & produce fruit aft] its k9d2 yet at ! same "t we 7 n a%am$ to ?9k t ! p did n see 9 ,pale/9e ev5 a %ad[ ( ! fruit ( its _s1 & t ! little fruit t did gr[ 0 gr[+ 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,x is true t ,pale/9e is /ill poor 9 spiritual =ces g5]ally1 & 9 lit]>y =ces p>ticul>ly2 b t simply proves ! tru? ( my cont5tion4 ,if we _h always _h a full & cle> conception ( ! nature ( our object1 if we _h always rememb]$ t :at we are seek+ to build 9 ,pale/9e is a refuge = our _s1 we c\ld nev] h refra9$ f do+ all t 0 possible to increase ! spiritual weal? ( ,pale/9e1 & to increase1 little by little1 its moral influ5ce on ! p4 ,9 t case we %\ld und\bt$ly h /riv5 among o!r ?+s to e/abli% 9 ,pale/9e a lit]>y organ1 an alt> on :i* all our be/ national writ]s w\ld h felt x _! duty to (f] _! be/1 9 ord] to w9 = x affection & hon\r 9 ,jewry4 ,an organ su* z ?is1 ?\gh x w\ld h be5 at fir/ an artificial creation1 w\ld c]ta9ly h uplift$ ! _s & fo/]$ lit]>y tal5t 9 ,pale/9e itself2 p]haps also x w\ld by n[ h become a true1 natural lit]>y c5tre = u1 draw+ su/5ance f ! =ces :i* x _h call$ to ! l& & develop$ !re4 ,b x is z ,i said3 9 ! human m9d no idea spr+s f d>kness into light at "o b\nd4 ,x 0 necess>y = exp]i5ce to tea* u h[ sl5d] is ! ?read on :i* hangs all our spiritual "w outside ,pale/9e1 be=e we c\ld be made to rememb] t 9 reality we _h no ne$ ( su* exp]i5ce1 s9ce x only taught u t :i* 0 impli$ 9 our idea f ! v fir/4 ,x is j at ?is mom5t t y come & tell u3 8,! "t has come to beg9 plant+ our lit]ature 9 ! l& ( its bir?40 ,ne$ ,i express my feel+s :5 ,i read ^! words8 ,yes1 ! "t has come to beg9 plant+1 & plant+ n alone our lit]ature1 b also our _s 9 all its aspects4 ,all t n[ runs to wa/e 9 exile1 volunt>ily or involunt>ily1 mu/ be ga!r$ toge!r & plant$ 8on its own native soil10 & e man 9 :om ! ,jewi% _s lives is b\nd to help 9 ?is plant+ to ! utmo/ ( 8 p[]1 because !re9 lies our life & our la/ hope4 8,romanticism10 our "y m5 w say ) a smile4 ,let !m smile--until !y gr[ old en\gh to und]/& life z x is1 & n z x appe>s ?r\gh ! glasses ( a ready-made doctr9e4 ,!n !y w und]/& t :at !y contemptu\sly call 8romanticism0 is ! cr[n ( life & ! s\rce ( man's sup]iority ov] ! brute4 ,!y w und]/&1 too1 t ?is v anti-romantic doctr9e has its attraction pr9cipally because ( its romantic elem5t--because x (f]s scope = devot$ s]vice 9 ! cause ( a di/ant ideal4 ,b if ev] !re comes a day :5 t ideal is realis$1 & romanticism disappe>s entirely1 !n !re w arise a new g5]ation1 :i* w curse t day = ! hung] x has br\ght--a hung] n = bread1 b = romanticism1 = "s ideal /riv+ :i* c once m give scope = exaltation1 = sacrifice1 & s fill ! empt9ess ( a life ( peace & pl5ty4 ,footnote #eg3 ,a lett] to ! editors ( ,ha-,om]1 a ,hebrew miscellany :i* began to appe> 9 #aijg--! fir/ ( its k9d 9 ,pale/9e4 ,footnote #eh3 ,f ! prelim9>y ann\ncem5t ( ,ha-,om]4 ,footnote #ei3 ,?is ,essay 0 writt5 at ! end ( ! p]iod ( ! movem5t = fre$om 9 ,russia1 :i* attract$ almo/ all ! educat$ ,russian ,jews1 ) ! result t our national "w & ,hebrew lit]ature 7 greatly impov]i%$4 ,footnote add$ 9 #aiac4 ,footnote #fj3 i4e41 9 #ahhi4 ,footnote #fa3 ,an allusion to an old ,jewi% leg5d4 ,footnote #fb3 #aije4 ,x 0 at ?is ,congress t ! split on ! "q ( ,ea/ ,africa 7(t5 loosely ref]r$ to z ,ug&a7 took place4 ,"s ( ! m9ority sec$$ & =m$ ! ,jewi% ,t]ritorial ,organisation4 ,footnote #fc3 ,russia4 ,footnote #fd3 ,somb>t1 ,socialismus und sociale ,bewegung 7#aije71 p4 #fa4 ,footnote #fe3 ,s4,d4 ,social ,democrats2 ,s4,s4 ,zioni/ ,sociali/s4 ,footnote #ff3 i4e41 ! ,*ovev ,zion ,hebrew ,s*ool4 8,,:5 ,,messiah ,,comes0 7#aijg7 8,:5 ,messiah comes1 impud5ce w be rife40 ,?is anci5t say+ has be5 us$ s (t5 z a weapon ( controv]sy1 t famili>ity has robb$ x ( its /+4 ,= ?is reason let me say at ! outset t ,i quote x "h = no controv]sial purpose1 b wi%1 on ! contr>y1 to po9t out t x really draws att5tion to a natural & p]man5t connection betwe5 two ph5om5a ( human life1 :]e( ! "o is an inevitable consequ5ce ( ! o!r4 ,& l e objective tru?1 x nei!r c5sures nor reproves1 b simply /ates a fact4 ,:at we call 8impud5ce0 is n z a rule an orig9al1 inborn vice1 b a quality :i* develops aft] bir? out ( a man's exagg]at$ belief 9 8 own wor?1 /r5g?1 wisdom or :at n4 ,?is exagg]at$ op9ion ( himself makes a man hold himself m pr\dly ?an he ought be=e 8 bett]s1 & c5sure & decry ev]ybody :o w n accept him at 8 own valuation4 ,n[ mo/ m51 9 times ( normal tranquillity1 _c help see+ t k & exp]i5ce are necess>y = ! conduct ( human affairs1 & t n all m5 h atta9$ an equal degree ( developm5t or an equal level ( ability & judgm5t4 ,& s ?is 8impud5ce0 comes to be reg>d$ z a bad ?+1 because x indicates ei!r an excessive conceit ( oneself--z ?\gh "o 7 sup]ior to ! :ole _w 9 le>n+ & exp]i5ce1 & 7 above criticism--or an excessive /upidity--z ?\gh "o 7 unaw>e t !re is any?+ 9 life :i* calls = le>n+ & und]/&+1 & t n ev]ybody is equally compet5t to pron\nce judgm5t on ev]y?+4 ,b ?is quality we>s a diff]5t aspect 8:5 ,messiah comes0--t is to say1 :5 a c]ta9 body ( m51 no long] able to submit quietly to life's tribulations1 f9d or inv5t "s ,messiah :o is to release !m f all _! tr\bles4 ,:e!r ! ,messiah is conceiv$ by !m z an individual1 or z a collective body1 or ev5 m]ely z a new !ory--! result is ! same4 ,believ+ firmly 9 _! ,messiah1 see+ 9 him ! f\nta9 ( salvation1 & consequ5tly also ! symbol ( tru? & goodness1 & reg>d+ !mselves simply z 8 foll[]s & 8 disciples1 !y naturally cease to recognise di/9ctions betwe5 man & man1 or to admit any sup]iority 9 wisdom ov] folly1 or 9 age ov] y\?4 ,= all alike are z du/ comp>$ ) ! ,messiah1 & all alike receive 7or ought to receive7 8 tea*+ ) passive acquiesc5ce & unque/ion+ fai?4 ,no ne$ any long] = sup]ior k or long exp]i5ce 9 ord] to be able to di/+ui% betwe5 tru? & falsehood1 betwe5 good & evil4 ,all c come 9 on equal t]ms & take tru? & good ready-made f ! ,messiah's /oreh\se4 ,:oev] disagrees ) :at comes out ( ! /oreh\se1 be he nev] s old & le>n$1 is obvi\sly a fool1 an old h]etic :om any /ripl+ is entitl$ to despise4 ,^? :o /& outside ! ,messianic camp are a/oni%$ at ?is sudd5 decay ( morals1 at ?is upsett+ ( ! prop] relation betwe5 "y & old1 betwe5 ! nobodies & ! somebodies4 8,impud5ce10 !y cry indignantly4 ,b ! ,messiani/s !mselves d n1 & _c1 see any?+ wrong 9 _! conduct4 ,= x is 9 tru? only an inevitable consequ5ce ( _! fundam5tal belief t ! ,messiah puts great & small on "o level1 & t !re are no long] high & l[1 b only bro!rs 9 ,messiah & enemies ( ,messiah4 ,?us ! appe>ance ( a ,messiah & ! gr[? ( impud5ce are naturally & inevitably connect$2 & we !re=e f9d t !y h always appe>$ toge!r1 9 e c\ntry & at e "t1 f ! e>lie/ days until ! pres5t4 ,:5 an individual ,messiah arose 9 ,israel at ! end ( ! p]iod ( ! ,second ,temple1 8 fir/ devotees--mo/ly v simple folk--reject$ _! national lead]s & sages ) scorn & contempt3 precisely z did lat] ! devotees--n less unle>n$--( t corporate ,messiah :i* 0 reveal$ to !m 9 ! =m ( ! ,tsaddikim1 :o1 z int]m$i>ies betwe5 ,israel & 8 ,god1 7 to light5 ! burd5 ( galu? & ha/5 ! r$emption4#fg ,bo? h _! p>allel 9 ?is pres5t g5]ation1 :i* also has its ,messiah1 or r ,messiahs4 ,b ! mod]n ,messiahs & ! mod]n impud5ce are r diff]5t 9 =m1 z is only natural1 see+ t times h *ang$4 ,! ,messiah ( old 0 above reason & above nature1 & fai? 9 ! r$emption :i* he 0 to br+ ab\t 0 bas$ n on logical demon/ration1 b on miracles1 l ! conf\nd+ ( de/9y & ! upsett+ ( natural laws4 ,h5ce 8 foll[]s ne$$ no great clev]ness 9 ord] to meet criticism4 ,!y met e possible objection by a s+le argum5t4 8,he :o c ov]?r[ nature is n preclud$ f accompli%+ a sup]natural r$emption1 & !re=e any difficulty bas$ on natural laws is out ( c\rt40 ,any *ild c ma/] ?is simple argum5t 9 a trice--& /raightway he is ( ,messiah's company1 "o ( 8 foll[]s & evangeli/s1 l all ! o!r believ]s4 ,= ?is reason ! 8impud5ce0 ( ! ,messiani/s ( old 0 simil>ly simple & obvi\s1 & _h no ne$ to =ce itself into an artificial m\ld4 ,s-&-s d5ies ! tru? or ! p[] ( ! ,messiah3 is !re any room = discussion8 ,! fell[1 be he :o he may1 is a scapegrace1 & all hon\r to :oev] is fir/ ) an insult or a /ick4 ,to-day ?+s are diff]5t4 ,f\r c5turies ( free ?\ght & ! unravell+ ( nature's my/]ies h left _! m>k on ! human race4 ,to-day ev5 a ,messiah _c defy reason & nature1 b is compell$ to base 8 r$emption on logical demon/rations1 & to put 8 message 9 ! =m ( a sy/em f\nd$ on nature & exp]i5ce4 ,ess5tially1 inde$1 ev]y?+ is z x us$ to be3 ! real basis ( ,messianism1 n[ z !n1 is fai? 9 a spe$y r$emption1 a fai? :i* has its roots n 9 reason$ demon/ration1 b 9 ! crav+ to be r$eem$4 ,b ! exig5cies ( our age d n all[ fai? any long] to ignore ! dem&s ( reason & nature4 ,ev5 fai? is compell$ to speak _! language if x w\ld satisfy ! mod]n man4 ,s we get sci5tific sy/ems ( a ,messianic "*1 :i*1 diff]+ "o f ano!r1 h all ?is mu* 9 common1 t _! sci5tific s\ndness is v mu* op5 to "q1 b leaves no d\bt 9 ! m9ds ( ! believ]s1 :o really ne$ no?+ m ?an ! phraseology ( sci5ce1 z a seemly out] cloak = _! fai?4 ,z ! necess>y phraseology is !re1 & ! cloak is ready to h&1 ! believ]s hold on to ! cloak ) ! utmo/ t5acity2 e "o ( its ?reads is sacrosanct1 & woe to him :o di/urbs a s+le "o4 ,!y seem to feel unconsci\sly t if !re is too mu* h&l+ ( _! cloak1 too mu* exam9ation ( its ?reads 9 ! light ( reason & g5u9e sci5ce1 x w n be long be=e x is torn to tatt]s--& !n :at w become ( _! fai?8 ,:5ce we f9d 9 all ,messianic camps1 to-day no less ?an ( old1 a fi]ce hatr$ ( any attempt at criticism f )91 & unlimit$ impud5ce t[>ds ^? :o /& )\t3 b :]eas ?is hatr$ & ?is impud5ce us$ to appe> undisguis$ & una%am$1 to-day !y cloak !mselves 9 reason & sci5ce1 & s appe> to be diff]5t4 ,y mu/ n ?9k t ,x4 is pillori$ & je]$ at because he has attack$ _! ,messiah4 ,heav5 =bid6 ,fre$om ( op9ion is _! fir/ pr9ciple4 ,no3 8 crime is t he has an axe to gr9d1 & p]v]ts sci5tific tru?--:i* is1 ( c\rse1 solely & only t :i* is set =? = all "t "u h& & seal 9 ?is ,manife/o or t ,programme1 & beyond x !re is no?+4#fh ,h we a "r to compla9 ( ! ,messiani/s = all ?is8 ,c we blame !m because _! ye>n+ = r$emption is s deep t x begets ?is bl9d1 all-conqu]+ fai?8 ,no3 we ought n to compla9 ( !m1 b to envy !m4 ,happy m5--be _! "n ,political ,zioni/s1 ,social ,democrats1 or any o!r ( ! famili> names6 ,happy inde$1 = ,messiah /&s on _! ?re%old1 & r$emption knocks at _! door1 & tru? is cry/al-cle> to !m all1 great & small alike4 ,b h[ h>d is life 9 our days = "o :o is n ( _! numb]2 = "o :o _c foll[ bl9dly aft] "o ,messiah or ! o!r2 = "o :o does n he> ! voice t ann\nces r$emption & complete salvation1 ei!r close at h& or f> away1 ei!r = 8 own "t or = ! days :5 8 gr&-*ildr5 %all lie 9 _! graves2 = "o :o /ill looks ^u ,sci5ce & ,reason z div9e p[]s1 :i* /& above all sects & judge !m all imp>tially1 & n z /&>d-be>]s & trumpet]s 9 ! s]vice ( a ,messiah6 ,footnote #fg3 ,! ,hebrew ^w translat$ above 8devotees0 is *assidim 8pi\s ones40 ,?is "n is specifically giv5 to a my/ical sect :i* arose e>ly 9 ! #ah? c5tury4 ,! ,rabbis ( ?is sect 7 call$ by _! foll[]s tsaddikim 7 8righte\s ones07 & 7 cr$it$ by !m ) sup]natural p[]s4 ,footnote #fh3 ,z ,i write ^! words "s ( ! be/ ,g]man ,social ,democrats are mak+ public confession t by s9s ( ?is k9d _! p>ty has ali5at$ _m ( its support]s1 & t to ?is cause is due 9 "p ! great defeat :i* x suff]$ 9 ! la/ elections4 ,b ?is rep5tance w n save !m f ! same s9 9 future1 because ! s9 is inh]5t 9 e ,messianic movem5t4 ,we ,jews h only to look at :at is happ5+ ar\nd u1 to be conv9c$ t ! *>act]i/ic 9 "q is n peculi> to ,g]many or to ! ,social ,democratic ,p>ty4 ,a ,,spiritual ,,c5tre 7#aijg7 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t if m5 always rememb]$ ! true mean+ ( e ^w t !y use or he>1 disputes w\ld be inf9itely r>]4 ,! tru? ( ?is rem>k is kn[n by exp]i5ce to anybody :o happ5s to h promulgat$ "s idea :i* ! contempor>y 8read+ public0 did n l1 & to h _h 8 8h]esy0 expos$ by ! lit]>y m\?pieces ( t public4 ,! hapless creature's fir/ feel+ is "o ( incr$ulity & a/oni%m5t4 ,h[1 he ?9ks1 is x possible s to p]v]t ?+s1 s completely to confuse ideas & to advance argum5ts :i* s fail to t\* ! po9t8 ,he puts x d[n to ! malevol5ce ( 8 oppon5ts1 believes t !y are purposely twi/+ 8 words1 & compla9s bitt]ly to t same read+ public 9 ! "n ( tru? & fairness4 ,b lat]1 :5 he f9ds t compla9t is unavail+1 & t ! same ?+ happ5s "t aft] "t1 s t malevol5ce alone _c be responsible--!n he is driv5 to ! conclusion t !re mu/ be "s m univ]sal explanation ( :at he has exp]i5c$4 ,! explanation is t ! connection betwe5 a ^w & ! idea conta9$ 9 x is n s /rong 9 ! human m9d z to make x impossible = a man to he> or to utt] a ^w )\t imm$iately hav+ a full & exact conception ( ! associat$ idea4 ,h5ce1 :5 a man he>s an op9ion :i* runs c\nt] to 8 way ( ?9k+1 he is apt unconsci\sly to grasp ! novel op9ion 9 an incorrect =m3 he w *ange ! mean+ ( ?is or t ^w until x becomes n difficult = him to refute ! op9ion by uns\nd argum5ts1 9 :i* aga9 "o ^w or ano!r is us$ incorrectly4 ,& all ?is c\nt]feit+ is done by ! ?9k+ app>atus automatically1 )\t ! k ( its own]1 by virtue ( its inh]5t t5d5cy to "w at any giv5 mom5t 9 accordance ) ! dom9ant requirem5ts ( ! sublim9al self at t mom5t4 ,i d\bt :e!r !re is any contempor>y ,jewi% writ] :o is m famili> ) ?is exp]i5ce ?an myself4 ,7 ,i to c\nt up all ! disputes ) :i*1 = my s9s1 our lit]ature has be5 enri*$--mo/ ( !m simply gl>+ in/ances ( ! ph5om5on 9 "q--! acc\nt w\ld be long inde$4 ,b ,i wi% "h to adduce only "o in/ance ( a dispute :i* began fifte5 ye>s ago#fi & has cont9u$ to ?is v day4 ,fifte5 ye>s ago !re appe>$ = ! fir/ "t an idea t aft]w>ds occasion$ endless exp5diture ( ink4 8,9 ,pale/9e10 ,i wrote1 8we c & %\ld f\nd = ourselves a spiritual c5tre ( our nationality40 ,my lit]>y exp]i5ce 0 n yet ext5sive1 & ,i ov]look$ ?is important consid]ation3 t 9 putt+ be=e ! public an idea :i* does n accord ) ! g5]al view1 "o mu/ n m]ely put x 9 a logically cle> & def9ite =m1 b mu/ also reckon ) ! psy*ology ( ! read]--) t m5tal app>atus :i* comb9es unrelat$ words & ideas accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( its own]--& mu/ try "o's utmo/ to avoid any ^w or expression :i* might af=d an op5+ = ?is process ( comb9ation4 ,i confess n[ t 9 view ( ?is psy*ological factor ,i ought to h felt t ! =mula 8a spiritual c5tre ( our nationality0 w\ld af=d a good opportunity to ^? :o wi%$ to misund]/&1 al?\gh f ! po9t ( view ( logic x is suffici5tly cle> & is well adapt$ to ! idea :i* x conta9s4 8,c5tre0 is1 ( c\rse1 a relative t]m4 ,j z 8fa!r0 is inconceivable )\t *ildr51 s is 8c5tre0 inconceivable )\t 8circumf]5ce02 & j z a fa!r is a fa!r only 9 relation to 8 *ildr51 & is m]ely ,s-&-s 9 relation to ! re/ ( mank9d1 s a c5tre is a c5tre only 9 relation to its own circumf]5ce1 :]eas 9 relation to all t lies outside ! circumf]5ce x is m]ely a po9t ) no special importance4 ,:5 we use ! ^w 8c5tre10 metaphorically1 9 connection ) ! ph5om5a ( human society1 x necess>ily connotes a simil> idea3 :at we mean is t a p>ticul> spot or ?+ ex]ts influ5ce on a c]ta9 social circumf]5ce1 :i* is b\nd up ) & dep5d5t on x1 & t 9 relation to ?is circumf]5ce x is a c5tre4 ,b s9ce social life is a complex ( _m diff]5t dep>tm5ts1 !re are v few c5tres :i* are univ]sal 9 _! function--t is1 :i* influ5ce equally all sides ( ! life ( ! circumf]5ce4 ,! relation betwe5 ! c5tre & ! circumf]5ce is usually limit$ to "o or m dep>tm5ts ( life1 outside :i* !y are n int]dep5d5t4 ,?us a giv5 circumf]5ce may h _m c5tres1 ea* ( :i* is a c5tre only = "o specific purpose4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! ^w 8c5tre0 is us$ to express a social conception1 x is accompani$ almo/ always--except :]e ! context makes x unnecess>y--by an epi!t :i* indicates its "*4 ,we speak ( a lit]>y c5tre1 an arti/ic c5tre1 a comm]cial c5tre1 & s on1 mean+ !reby t 9 ?is or t dep>tm5t ( life ! c5tre 9 "q has a circumf]5ce :i* is "u its influ5ce & is dep5d5t on x1 b t 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ! "o does n ex]t nor ! o!r receive influ5ce1 & ! relation ( c5tre & circumf]5ce does n exi/4 ,be>+ well 9 m9d ?is def9ition1 :i* is famili> en\gh1 & apply+ x to ! phrase quot$ above--89 ,pale/9e we c & %\ld f\nd = ourselves a spiritual c5tre ( our nationality0--we %all f9d t ! phrase c only be int]pret$ z foll[s3-- 8,a c5tre ( our nationality0 implies t !re is a national circumf]5ce1 :i*1 l e circumf]5ce1 is mu* l>g] ?an ! c5tre4 ,t is to say1 ! speak] sees ! majority ( 8 p1 9 ! future z 9 ! pa/1 scatt]$ ov] all ! _w1 b no long] brok5 up into a numb] ( disconnect$ p>ts1 because "o "p--! "o 9 ,pale/9e--w be a c5tre = !m all1 & w unite !m all into a s+le1 complete circumf]5ce4 ,:5 all ! scatt]$ limbs ( ! national body feel ! beat+ ( ! national he>t1 re/or$ to life 9 ! home ( its vitality1 !y too w once aga9 draw ne> "o to ano!r & welcome ! inru% ( liv+ blood t w fl[ f ! he>t4 8,spiritual0 means t ?is relation ( c5tre & circumf]5ce betwe5 ,pale/9e & ! l&s ( ! ,diaspora w be limit$ ( necessity to ! spiritual side ( life4 ,! influ5ce ( ! c5tre w /r5g!n ! national consci\sness 9 ! ,diaspora1 w wipe out ! spiritual ta9t ( galu?1 & w fill our spiritual life ) a national cont5t :i* w be true & natural1 n l ! artificial cont5t ) :i* we n[ fill up ! void4 ,b outside ! spiritual side ( life1 9 all ^? economic & political relations :i* dep5d fir/ & =emo/ on ! conditions ( ! imm$iate environm5t1 & are creat$ by t environm5t & reflect its "*--:ile x is true t 9 all ^? relations ! effect ( ! spiritual *anges 7su* z ! /r5g!n+ ( national unity & increas$ en]gy 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce7 w %[ itself to "s ext5t1 yet ess5tially & fundam5tally ^! dep>tm5ts ( life 9 ! ,diaspora w n be b\nd up ) ! life ( ! c5tre1 & ! mo/ vivid imag9ation _c picture to u h[ economic & political influ5ce w radiate f ,pale/9e ?r\gh all ! l5g? & bread? ( ! ,diaspora1 :i* is co-ext5sive ) ! globe1 9 su* mann] & to su* degree z w\ld entitle u to say1 )\t inexact use ( language1 t ,pale/9e is ! c5tre ( our p 9 ^! dep>tm5ts also4 ,n[1 at ! "t :5 ,i fir/ us$ ! phrase "u discussion1 ,i knew be=eh& t ,i %\ld excite ! wra? ( ! ,*ovev ,zion 79 ^? days x 0 !y :o held ! field74 ,b look+1 z ,i did1 solely at ! logical side1 ,i 0 sure t ! brunt ( _! ang] w\ld fall on ! ^w 8c5tre02 = ! use ( t ^w involv$ a negation ( ! idea ( a return ( ! :ole p to ,pale/9e1 & s clipp$ ! w+s ( ^? fanta/ic hopes :i* ev5 !n1 9 ! days be=e ! fir/ ,basle ,congress1 7 proclaim$ z h]ald+ ! end ( ! galu? & a complete & absolute solution ( ! ,jewi% problem 9 all its aspects4 ,! epi!t 8spiritual0 seem$ to me s simple & cle>1 z a necess>y logical consequ5ce ( ! assumption involv$ 9 ! _w 8c5tre10 t x nev] remotely ent]$ my m9d t "h might be ! /umbl+-block1 & t ,i ought at once to file a decl>ation to ! effect t1 al?\gh ! c5tre w\ld be spiritual 9 its influ5ce on ! circumf]5ce1 yet 9 itself x w\ld be a place l o!r places1 :]e m5 7 comp\nd$ ( body & s\l1 & ne$$ food & clo?+1 & t = ?is reason ! c5tre w\ld h to conc]n itself ) mat]ial que/ions & to "w out an economic sy/em suit$ to its requirem5ts1 & c\ld n exi/ )\t f>m]s1 lab\r]s1 craftsm51 & m]*ants4 ,:5 a man uses1 = example1 ! expression 8lit]>y c5tre10 does x occur to him to expla9 t he does n mean a place :]e !re is no eat+ or dr9k+1 no bus9ess or h&icraft1 b simply a numb] ( m5 sitt+ & writ+ books & dr9k+ 9 ! radiance ( _! own lit]>y tal5t8 ,imag9e1 !n1 my surprise :5 ,i f\nd t my critics paid no att5tion to ! ^w 8c5tre10 b p\r$ out all ! vials ( _! wra? on ! epi!t 8spiritual10 z ?\gh x conta9$ all t 0 new & /range 9 ! idea3 z :o %\ld say1 8,a spiritual & n a mat]ial c5tre8 ,c su* a ?+ be80 ,b my amazem5t soon di$ away :5 ,i rememb]$ ! 8psy*ological app>atus40 ,x 0 b\nd to fa/5 on "s ^w or o!r 9 ord] to make my unpopul> !ory appe> absurd2 & s9ce ! ^w 8c5tre10 if ! critics dwelt on x & l$ ! m9ds ( _! read]s to analyse its mean+1 0 calculat$ n to s]ve t end1 b1 on ! contr>y1 to make x cle> :]e ! absurdity really lay1 !y f\nd x be/ to give 8spiritual0 all ! emphasis4 8,a spiritual c5tre6 ,n[ d y und]/& :at ^! p want8 ,!y c>e no?+ = a mat]ial settlem5t1 = colonies1 factories1 comm]ce3 !y want only to settle 9 ,pale/9e a doz5 batlanim1 ^: bus9ess %all be spiritual nationality40 ,great inde$ is ! p[] ( psy*ology4 ,?is int]pretation spread abroad1 0 accept$1 & rema9s to ?is day a matt] ( c\rse4 ,ev5 ^? ,zioni/s :o h n got _! k ( my views f ! pamphlet lit]ature :i* has flood$ ! _w 9 rec5t ye>s1 b h read !m 9 ! orig9al--ev5 !y are c]ta9 t t is :at spiritual ,zionism means4 ,x has avail$ !m no?+ to read imm$iately aft]w>ds1 9 ! same article1#gj t ! spiritual c5tre mu/ be 8a true m9iature ( ! p ( ,israel10 & t 9 ! c5tre !re w appe> once m 8! g5u9e type ( a ,jew1 :e!r x be a ,rabbi or a s*ol> or a writ]1 a f>m] or a craftsman or a bus9ess man40 ,x has avail$ no?+1 because psy*ological factors dom9ate n only ! p]son judg+1 b also 8 memory4 ,?ree ye>s ago1#ga ,i rememb]1 aft] ,i _h publi%$ 9 "s j\rnal a prote/ aga9/ ! fav\rable reports ab\t ! condition ( ! ,pale/9ian colonies t 7 !n be+ spread abroad1 = diplomatic purposes1 a writ] 9 ! camp ( ! political ,zioni/s became angry ) me1 & det]m9$ to %att] ) "o bl[ all my views on ,zionism1 & s remove a dang]\s h]esy4 ,?is idea he c>ri$ out 9 an elaborate article1 :i* 0 cont9u$ ?r\gh _m numb]s ( ! same j\rnal4 ,! details ,i h =gott53 !y 7 b ! old argum5ts di%$ up 9 diff]5t words4 ,b ,i /ill rememb] "o ?+1 :i* provok$ n only a smile b also reflections su* z ^? :i* are ! subject ( ! pres5t essay4 ,aft] prov+ conclusively t mat]ial factors are ( great importance1 & _c be lightly bru%$ aside1 our au?or rea*es ! conclusion t x is = t reason idle to conf9e our "w solely to ! f\ndation ( a spiritual c5tre = our nationality3 we mu/ f\nd 9 ,pale/9e an economic & spiritual c5tre4 ,x escap$ 8 notice t s soon z he us$ ! ^w 8c5tre0 he became himself a 8spiritual ,zioni/10 & 9 add+ ! epi!t 8economic0 add$ exactly no?+4 ,! j\rnal 9 "q appe>$ 9 ,w>saw1 :i* 0 also at t "t ! home ( our au?or2 & 9 ord] to und]/& ! matt] aright he _h only to g into ! /reet & ask any intellig5t ,pole3 8,:at is ,w>saw to ! ,poli% p z a :ole8 ,is x a spiritual c5tre ( ! nation1 or a spiritual & economic c5tre80 ,! answ]1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld h be5 some?+ l ?is3 8,= ! ,poli% p z a :ole ?is city is c]ta9ly a spiritual c5tre ( _! nationality4 ,"h ! national *>act]i/ics f9d _! expression 9 e dep>tm5t ( life1 "h ! national language1 lit]ature1 & art live & develop2 & all ?is1 & :at goes ) x1 influ5ces ! _s ( ! ,poles1 b9ds !m1 :]ev] !y may be1 to ! c5tre1 & prev5ts ! sp>k ( nationality 9 ! individual f becom+ buri$ & ext+ui%$4 ,b an economic c5tre ( ! nation8 ,my good sir6 ,h[ c\ld ,w>saw be an economic c5tre = all ! millions ( ,poles :o are scatt]$ ov] diff]5t l&s1 & ^: economic lives dep5d on entirely diff]5t c5tres1 :]e ,poli% economic conditions d n c\nt at all80 ,i %\ld n h advis$ our au?or1 aft] gett+ an answ] ( t k9d1 to ask3 8,h[ s8 ,are !re n 9 ,w>saw1 besides spiritual ?+s1 ev] s _m factories & %ops & o!r mat]ial ?+s1 )\t :i* x c\ld n develop its spiritual side8 ,& is x n !re=e an economic & spiritual c5tre80 ,i %\ld n h advis$ him to ask t "q1 because ,i c\ld n gu>antee t ! intellig5t ,pole w\ld wa/e words on su* a que/ion]4 ,b among/ ourselves 8! economic c5tre0 has become a curr5t phrase ) _m p :o on ! "o h& want to d _! duty by ! economic side ( ,zionism 7t is de rigueur n[adays71 & on ! o!r h& _c a*ieve ! imag9ative eagle-flights ( 8,prolet>ian ,zionism10#gb :i* promises to create 9 ,pale/9e a national economic sy/em s heal?y & s va/ t x w be able to provide room & "w = all ^? ,jews :o are be+ m & m completely elb[$ out ( ! be/ bran*es ( indu/ry 9 ! l&s ( _! exile 7t is1 = almo/ n9e-t5?s ( ! p74 ,zioni/s l ^!1 9 ord] to get rid ( ! difficult "q z to ! possibility ( settl+ ! majority ( our p 9 ,pale/9e1 ev5 :5 _! new economic sy/em becomes a fact1 cons5t to accept half ! loaf1 & want to reg>d ,pale/9e z m]ely an economic c5tre4 ,b h]e9 !y escape "o sn>e to fall into a worse3 !y h got rid ( an ext]nal problem1 :i* dep5ds on argum5ts f exp]i5ce1 & are caught in/ead 9 an inn] contradiction1 :i* m]e logic c expose4 ,) ! 8,prolet>ian0 =mula "o c /ill argue3 "o c dem&1 = in/ance1 a some:at cle>] explanation ( t 8int]nal process0 by :i* ! economic sy/em ( ,pale/9e w become able to absorb immigration on a scale unp>allel$ 9 hi/ory3 b at all ev5ts !re is no self-contradiction4 ,:]eas ! conception ( 8an economic c5tre ( ! nation10 :5 appli$ to a p scatt]$ ov] ! :ole _w1 leaves no room = argum5t or que/ion+1 because its refutation is 9 itself4 ,b psy*ological comb9ations ( ?is k9d are a good sign4 ,!y %[--9 common ) o!r cle> signs--t ! 8c5tre0 z an idea is mak+ headway & is lead+ to v>i\s d$uctions :i* c\ld n h be5 imag9$ "s ye>s ago4 ,& t is ! all-important ?+4 ,9 "t ! d$uction :i* is involv$ 9 ! ^w 8spiritual10 :5 rightly und]/ood1 w also be drawn1 & x w no long] be possible to suppress x by psy*ological means4 ,true1 all ?is w n d away ) ! old nons5se ab\t 8spiritual ,zionism02 on ! contr>y--& ?is is ev5 n[ unmi/akably evid5t--! m ! sub/ance ( spiritual ,zionism prevails1 ! m w psy*ology try to di/+ui% ! victori\s t5d5cy f its hat$ "n4 ,b :at ( t8 ,let ! "n be beat51 s b ! idea prevail6 ,footnote #fi3 i4e41 9 #ahib4 ,footnote #gj3 i4e41 ! article 8,dr4 ,p9sk] & 8 ,pamphlet10 f :i* ! phrase "u discussion is quot$4 ,footnote #ga3 i4e41 9 #aijd4 ,footnote #gb3 ,! "n giv5 to a ,zioni/ doctr9e bas$ on ,m>xian ,socialism1 :i* _h a vogue 9 ,russia1 especially among ! y\ng] g5]ation1 at ! "t :5 ?is article 0 writt54 ,! 8int]nal process0 7m5tion$ lat]7 belongs to ! t]m9ology ( ?is doctr9e4 ,,summa ,,summ>um 7#aiab7 ,?is is a summ>y n ( facts & figures1 b ( impressions /or$ 9 my m9d 9 ! c\rse ( sixty days dur+ :i* our national "w envelop$ me 9 its atmosph]e & engross$ my e ?\ght3 t5 days at ,basle dur+ ! ,t5? ,congress1 & fifty days aft]w>ds 9 ,pale/9e4 ,f\rte5 ye>s h pass$ s9ce ,i saw a ,zioni/ ,congress 7! fir/71 & twelve ye>s s9ce ,i witness$ ! condition ( our "w 9 ,pale/9e4 ,my object 9 revisit+ bo? ! ,congress & ! l& 0 n1 z be=e1 to g into details1 to collect mat]ial1 9 ! %ape ( facts & figures1 = ! solution ( c]ta9 practical problems4 ,on ?is occasion ,i op5$ my m9d wide to ! diff]5t impressions t cr[d$ 9 on me f all sides2 ,i all[$ !m to ent] & to dissolve ( !mselves into a s+le g5]al impression--a k9d ( m5tal summ>y ( all t ,i saw & he>d 9 connection ) our movem5t & our "w 9 & out ( ,pale/9e4 ,i am ( ^? :o /& on ! ?re%old ( age & look back on _m long ye>s ( "w & /ruggle1 ( victories & defeats1 ( pa9 & ( joy4 ,a man 9 ?is position f9ds x necess>y at times to turn 8 ?\ghts = a :ile f que/ions ( detail1 & to take a m compreh5sive view1 s t he may f9d = 8 own satisfaction an answ] to t broad1 fundam5tal "q :i* occasionally di/urbs 8 sleep3 ,:at is ! purpose1 :at ! result1 ( all ?is "w :i* has occupi$ y\r life & consum$ y\r /r5g?8 ,x 0 ?is necessity t took me on ?is occasion to ,basle & to ,pale/9e4 ,& let me confess t x is a long "t s9ce ,i sp5t su* happy days z ^? ( my travels4 ,n t all is n[ "r ) ! movem5t2 n t ! sun has %one on our "w1 & driv5 away ! %ad[s1 & spread light & joy ev]y:]e4 ,we are /ill a long way f su* a happy consummation4 ,ev5 to-day ! %ad[s are _m2 if !y are less 9 "o place1 !y are m 9 ano!r4 ,b "o fact is becom+ increas+ly cle>3 our "w is n an artificial product1 a ?+ t we h inv5t$ to give ! p some?+ to d1 z a palliative = ! national sorr[4 ,t idea might be ent]ta9$ if aim & a*ievem5t correspond$1 if ! "w 7 done = ! purpose ( atta9+ t result :i* x is 9 fact atta9+4 ,if t 7 s1 "o might d\bt :e!r ! atta9m5t ( ?is result 7 really necess>y = ! nation1 & :e!r ! :ole bus9ess 7 n artificial4 ,b t is n ! case4 ,s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! movem5t ! work]s h _h "o goal 9 view1 & h be5 unconsci\sly approa*+ ano!r4 ,?is dualism is ! sure/ sign t ! driv+ =ce is n reason+ reflection1 b some?+ mu* deep]3 "o ( ^? natural in/9cts :i* "w 9 d>kness1 & make a man d _! w :e!r he likes x or n1 :ile he believes t 8 action is direct$ to ! object :i* 8 reason has set be=e him4 ,?is driv+ =ce is ! in/9ct ( national self-pres]vation4 ,by x we are compell$ to a*ieve :at mu/ be a*iev$ = ! p]petuation ( our national exi/5ce2 & we foll[ x--albeit )\t cle> consci\sness1 & by crook$ pa?s--because foll[ x we mu/ if we w\ld live4 ,i us$ to be di/ress$ by ?is dualism2 ,i us$ to fe> t we might lose ! "r pa?--! pa? ( life--?r\gh mak+ = a goal to :i* no pa? c lead4 ,b n[ t ,i h se5 ! results ( ! "w s f>1 ,i h no su* fe>s z to its ultimate fate4 ,:at matt]s x t ! "w is pr(ess$ly direct$ to an object :i* x _c atta98 ,l'homme propose4444 ,hi/ory does n tr\ble ab\t our programme2 x creates :at x creates at ! bidd+ ( our 8in/9ct ( self-pres]vation40 ,:e!r we ourselves und]/& ! true import & purpose ( our "w1 or :e!r we pref] n to und]/&--9 ei!r case hi/ory works ?r\gh u1 & w rea* its goal by our ag5cy4 ,only ! task w be h>d] & long] if true und]/&+ does n come to our aid4 ,t is ! real /ate ( ! case4 ,all t ,i saw & he>d at ,basle & 9 ,pale/9e has /r5g!n$ my conviction t ! 8in/9ct ( self-pres]vation0 slumb]s n nor sleeps 9 ! nation's he>t4 ,despite our mi/akes1 x is creat+ ?r\gh our ag5cy j :at our national exi/5ce requires mo/ ( all at pres5t3 a fix$ c5tre = our national _s & culture1 :i* w be a new spiritual bond betwe5 ! scatt]$ sections ( ! p1 & by its spiritual influ5ce w /imulate !m all to a new national life4 ,to miss ,basle dur+ ! ,t5? ,zioni/ ,congress 0 to miss see+ an extraord9>y m$ley ( languages & ideas--! result ( an int]nal crisis ( :i* ev]ybody 0 consci\s1 b :i* ev]ybody tri$ h>d n to see4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,congress !re 0 a /ruggle betwe5 two sections1 ! 8political0 & ! 8practical40 ,y he> ! 8politicals0 decl>e t !y1 too1 are really 8practical10 only t !y d n =get 8! political end02 y he> ! 8practicals0 prote/ t !y1 too1 are really 8political10 only t !y d n =get 8! practical means40 ,& bo? sections alike prote/ t ! 8,/ate0 has really be5 giv5 up1 b ! ,basle ,programme has n be5 giv5 up to ! ext5t ( a s+le comma4#gc4444 ,9 ! end ! 8practicals0 won3 t is to say1 ! ess5tial "w ( ,zionism 0 pron\nc$ to be ! ext5sion ( ! ,jewi% settlem5t1 & ! fur!r+ ( education & culture1 9 ,pale/9e4 ,!reupon ! victors /ood up & promis$ to gu>d fai?fully ! ,basle ,programme & 8! ,zioni/ tradition develop$ dur+ f\rte5 ye>s40 ,b all ?is confusion 0 only an inevitable consequ5ce ( ! /ate ( m9d 9 :i* ! two sections came to ! ,congress4 ,! ,zionism ( ! 8politicals10 mo/ ( :om 7 br\ght into ! camp n by a he>tfelt long+ = ! p]si/5ce & ! developm5t ( ,jewi% nationality1 b by a desire to escape f ext]nal oppression ?r\gh ! f\ndation ( a 8secur$ home ( refuge0 = our p--_! ,zionism is necess>ily b\nd up ) t object1 & ) t alone3 take t away1 & x rema9s an empty phrase4 ,= ?is reason !y _c help see+ t ! 8practical "w0 :i* _! oppon5ts make ! basis ( ,zionism is n calculat$ to ha/5 t end :i* is1 = !m1 ! only end4 ,!y /ill rememb] ! e/imate :i* !y he>d 9 ! op5+ spee* ( ! fir/ ,congress3 t ! colonis+ "w ( ! ,*ovev ,zion w br+ ! exil$ p back to ,pale/9e 9 n9e hundr$ ye>s6 ,b ! c\rse ( ev5ts dur+ rec5t ye>s has de/roy$ _! hope ( rea*+ t goal m quickly by means ( t 8political0 "w :i* is ! f\ndation ( 8! ,zioni/ tradition40 ,h5ce !y 7 9 a qu&>y at ?is ,congress1 & did n "k h[ to extricate !mselves4 ,!y came ) empty h&s1 & pr(ess$ devotion to an object :i* !re 7 no means ( atta9+2 !y c\ld only fall back on ! hope ( a vague future1 :5 ext]nal conditions may p]haps become m fav\rable to 8political "w40 ,?is expla9s also ! excessive %yness :i* !y display$4 ,!y did n g out to battle1 z !y us$ to d1 ) trumpet+s & l\d al>ums2 !re 0 sc>cely a m5tion ( ^? famili> fl\ri%es1 :i* !y us$ to utt] ) su* boldness & vig\r1 ab\t ! salvation :i* ,zionism is to br+ to all oppress$ & p]secut$ ,jews4 ,ev5 ,nordau1 9 8 spee* on ! condition ( ! ,jews1 *ang$ 8 tune on ?is occasion4 ,! :ole idea ( 8 spee*1 :i* has be5 giv5 at ! op5+ ( e ,congress1 & has become an ess5tial "p ( ! 8,zioni/ tradition10 0 to ju/ify ,zionism on ! gr\nd ( anti-,semitism4 8,y see0--su*1 9 effect1 us$ to be 8 argum5t--8h[ p]il\s is y\r position all ov] ! _w2 !re is no way out4 ,& !re=e1 if y wi% to be sav$1 jo9 u1 & we w save y40 ,b on ?is occasion ,nordau cont5t$ himself ) describ+ ! evil1 & deal+ out reproa*es to ,jews & non-,jews4 ,! ess5tial ?+--! 8!re=e0--0 lack+ almo/ entirely4 ,& ?r\gh\t ! ,congress !re 7 he>d spee*es :i* op5ly oppos$ ?is ,zionism bas$ on anti-,semitism1 & ! speak]s 7 n %\t$ d[n1 z !y c]ta9ly w\ld h be5 9 e>li] ye>s4 ,! 8practicals0--mo/ly ,ea/]n ,jews & _! ,we/]n pupils1 = :om national ,judaism is ! v c5tre ( _! be+1 & :o are rul$ unconsci\sly by ! 8in/9ct ( national self-pres]vation0--!y came to ,basle 9 a v diff]5t frame ( m9d4 ,!y br\ght ) !m a complete programme ( 8practical "w 9 ,pale/9e10 embrac+ bo? colonis+ & cultural activity2 & !y came ) a settl$ conviction t all ! v>i\s bran*es ( ?is "w 7 ! prop] means to ! atta9m5t ( ! end--,,! end--! "o & only1 yet undef9$4 ,! 8politicals0 rais$ _! old "q3 8,d y hone/ly believe t ! occasional pur*ase ( a small piece ( l&1 ! f\ndation ( a t9y colony ) inf9ite pa9s1 a workm5's f>m )\t security ( t5ure1 a s*ool "h1 a college !re1 & s =?--t ^! are ! means ( acquir+ a #8home ( refuge' z und]/ood by ! #8,zioni/ tradition'--a refuge :i* w end our tr\bles by end+ our exile80 ,! 8practicals0 _h no satisfactory answ]4 ,none ! less1 !y /ood to _! guns1 & /\tly ma9ta9$ t "w 9 ,pale/9e is ! only road t leads to ! end3 b4444 ,at ?is po9t !y broke (f abruptly1 & did n complete _! ?\ght--= a v good reason4 ,!y d>$ n expressly repudiate t article ( fai? :i* alone has made ,zionism a popul> movem5t--8! r$emption ( ! nation40 ,!y d>$ n recognise & ackn[l$ge t ! end ( :i* !y speak to-day diff]s f t ( ! 8,zioni/ tradition40 ,:at !y are work+ = is n 8a home ( refuge = ! p ( ,israel10 b 8a fix$ c5tre = ! _s ( ,israel40 ,all bran*es ( ! pres5t "w 9 ,pale/9e1 be x buy+ l& or f\nd+ s*ools1 are sure means to ! atta9m5t ( t end1 b h no?+ to d ) ! o!r4 ,! 8practicals0 7 inw>dly consci\s ( ?is tru? ev5 :ile ! 8politicals0 /ill _h ! upp] h&1 & = ?is reason !y jo9$ ) ! 8politicals0 9 fight+ x bitt]ly & angrily4 ,x 0 a di/urb+ factor1 ( :i* !y w\ld fa9 be rid4 ,b n[ t ! /> ( 8political0 ,zionism _h wan$1 ?is conviction _h gr[n /rong] 9 ! m9ds ( ! 8practicals10 & _h become a real driv+ =ce4 ,z yet1 h[ev]1 !y lack$ ! moral c\rage to int5sify ?is subconsci\s :isp] into a cle> pr(ession ( fai?4 ,?us ! real object rema9$ b5ea? ! ?re%old ( consci\sness1 :ile above ! ?re%old !re w&]$ ab\t1 l disembodi$ spirits1 "h means )\t an object1 !re an object )\t means2 & imag9ation tri$ h>d to comb9e ! two4#gd ,b :ile ! 8mak]s ( hi/ory0 inside ! ,congress ,hall 7 9 ! d>k1 x 0 outside ! ,hall1 among ! cr[ds attract$ to ,basle by ! ,congress1 t ,i saw q cle>ly :at hi/ory has really be5 do+4 ,9 ! f\rte5 ye>s s9ce ! fir/ ,congress we h be5 jo9$ by a body ( ,jews ( a new k9d3 m5 9 :om ! national consci\sness is deep-root$1 & is n measur$ by ,%ekalim#ge or limit$ by a ,programme1 b is an all-p]vad+ & all-embrac+ s5tim5t4 ,jews ( ?is type came to ,basle f all ! ends ( ! e>?2 !y return$ to _! p out ( ! gulf ( assimilation1 mo/ ( !m yet "y 9 ye>s1 able & will+ to "w = ! national revival4 ,:5 ,i saw ^! m5--our heirs--outside ! ,congress ,hall1 ,i said to myself3 ,nev] tr\ble ab\t ^? :o are inside6 ,let !m make spee*es & pass resolutions & believe t !y are ha/5+ ! r$emption4 ,! di/ant r$emption may n be any ne>]2 b ! e/rang$ he>ts are draw+ ne>4 ,9 spite ( all1 hi/ory is do+ its "w 9 ?is place1 & ^! m5 are help+1 :e!r !y "k x or n4 ,?is same hi/orical t5d5cy1 dimly disc]n$ at ,basle ?r\gh ! d>k cl\d ( words1 ,i f\nd 9 ,pale/9e cle>ly reveal$ 9 ! light ( facts4 ,! m ,i travell$ & obs]v$1 ! m evid5t x became to me t :at is happ5+ 9 ,pale/9e--despite all ! contradictions & inconsi/5cies--is t5d+ broadly t[>ds a s+le goal--t goal :i* ,i m5tion$ above4 ,no d\bt we h a long j\rney to travel yet2 b ev5 an untra9$ eye c see our de/9ation on ! di/ant horizon4 ,if any !re be = :om ! horizon is too n>r[1 & ! goal too petty1 let him g to ,zioni/ meet+s outside ,pale/9e3 !re he w be %[n a wid] prospect1 ) l>g] aims at ! end ( x4 ,b let him n g to ,pale/9e4 ,9 ,pale/9e !y h almo/ =gott5 ! wid] prospects4 ,realities are too /rong = !m !re3 !y c see no?+ beyond4 ,take ! ,national ,bank1 :i* 0 int5d$ to provide a f\ndation = 8! r$emption ( ! p & ! l&0 by political means4 ,:at is ! ,bank do+8 ,ne$less to say1 its political object has be5 ab&on$ & =gott54 ,b ev5 9 ! m]e "w ( colonisation x nei!r does nor c a*ieve great ?+s4 ,its bus9ess consi/s--& mu/ consi/1 if x wi%es to survive--9 deal+s ) local tradesm51 ,jews & non-,jews1 & its pr(its are d]iv$ *iefly f ! latt]4 ,all t x does = ,jewi% colonisation1 or all t x c\ld d--if we agree ) its critics t x c\ld d m ?an x does--)\t dang] to itself1 is s little1 t "o _c ev5 conceive any possible connection betwe5 x & ! 8l>g] aims10 or imag9e x to be mov+ at all along ! road t leads to ! complete 8r$emption40 ,by ?is "t1 app>5tly1 !re are _m p outside ,pale/9e z well :o h ceas$ to hope mu* f ! ,bank 9 ! matt] ( l&-settlem5t2 & !y n[ look = ! solution to an ,agr>ian ,bank4 ,b possibly x w\ld be wor? :ile fir/ ( all to exam9e :at little ! exi/+ ,bank has done 9 ! way ( loans to ! colonies1 9 ord] to le>n :at ?is exp]i5ce has to tea* z reg>ds ! problems ( agr>ian cr$it 9 ,pale/9e4 ,x is n en\gh to adduce examples f o!r c\ntries1 :]e ! conditions & ! p are diff]5t1 to demon/rate :at agr>ian cr$it c d4 ,cr$it is a v useful ?+ if x succe$s1 b a v h>mful ?+ if x fails4 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds on local conditions & ! "* ( ! p4 ,! exi/+ ,bank has foll[$ prec$5t 9 its attempts to help ! colonies already 9 exi/5ce--& ) :at success8 ,! coloni/s w tell y4 ,no d\bt ,i %all be told t ,i am draw+ a false analogy1 = su*-&-su* reasons4 ,b ,i am n "h attempt+ to express an op9ion on ?is "q ( an ,agr>ian ,bank1 :i* has already be5 mu* discuss$1 & ( :i* ! m]its & dem]its h be5 fully canvass$4 ,my purpose is m]ely to h9t at ! difficulties ( ! project1 ev5 if x is c>ri$ out on a v mode/ scale1 s z to sugge/ t x is premature at ! pres5t /age1 :5 ! ,agr>ian ,bank is n ev5 9 sight1 to talk ab\t ! great ?+s t x is go+ to d4 ,our colonisation "w 9 ,pale/9e is c>ri$ out "u conditions ( su* multif>i\s difficulty1 t ev5 small ?+s h to be done ) extreme c>e1 & prec$5t alone is no safe guide4 ,if ! propos$ ,agr>ian ,bank is really go+ to aim high--to aim1 t is1 at some?+ consid]able 9 relation to 8! r$emption ( ! p & ! l&0--we _c yet say :e!r 9 ! end x w help or hurt4#gf ,!n !re is ! ,national ,fund1 & its "w = 8! r$emption ( ! l&0 by comm]cial means1 = :i* purpose x 0 creat$4 ,! ,fund has already sp5t a great deal ( its money3 & h[ mu* has x r$eem$8 ,h[ mu* c\ld x h r$eem$ if x _h sp5t _m times z mu*8 ,a few scatt]$ pieces ( l&1 lo/ 9 ! l>ge areas ( l& n r$eem$4 ,mean:ile1 ! price ( l& 9 ,pale/9e is go+ up by leaps & b\nds1 especially 9 di/ricts :]e we ga9 a foot+1 & ! am\nt ( l& :i* x is 9 ! p[] ( ! ,fund to r$eem ) ! means at its comm& gr[s correspond+ly less & less4 ,& !re is ano!r factor1 indep5d5t ( f9ance1 :i* less5s its possibilities /ill fur!r4 ,_m natives ( ,pale/9e1 ^: national consci\sness has begun to develop s9ce ! ,turki% revolution1 look askance1 q naturally1 at ! sell+ ( l& to 8/rang]s10 & d _! be/ to put a /op to ?is evil2 :ile ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t--be its attitude to our "w :atev] x may--is n likely to irritate ! ,arabs = our sakes3 t w\ld n suit its book4 ,?us ! pur*ase ( l& becomes m & m difficult1 & ! idea ( 8! r$emption ( ! l&0 %r9ks & %r9ks1 until no ,pale/9ian ^: eyes are op5 c see 9 ! ,national ,fund :at x 0 9 ! imag9ation ( its f\nd]s--! future mi/ress ( all or mo/ ( ! l& 9 ,pale/9e4 ,x is cle>ly und]/ood 9 ,pale/9e t _m ye>s ( h>d "w1 ) ! help ( ! ,national ,fund or by o!r means1 w a*ieve no m ?an ?is3 to w9 = u a l>ge numb] ( po9ts ( vantage ov] ! :ole surface ( ,pale/9e1 & to make ^! po9ts c\nt]balance by _! quality ! :ole ( ! surr\nd+ area4 ,= ?is reason1 p 9 ,pale/9e d n talk mu* ab\t ! com+ 8r$emption02 !y "w pati5tly & labori\sly to add ano!r po9t ( vantage1 & ano!r1 & yet ano!r4 ,!y d n ask3 8,h[ w ^! save u80 ,!y all feel t ^! po9ts !mselves are de/9$ to be1 z x 71 p[]-/ations ( ! national _s2 t x is n necess>y to reg>d !m z a fir/ /ep t[>ds 8! conque/ ( ! l&0 9 ord] to f9d ! result wor? all ! lab\r4 ,!n1 aga91 !re are ! ,colonies already e/abli%$1 :i* 7 born 9 pa9 & nurtur$ ) s mu* tr\ble4 ,!y also d n fire ! imag9ation to ! pit* ( reg>d+ !m z ! fir/ /ep t[>ds 8! r$emption40 ,x is true t ! great progress :i* has be5 made 9 mo/ ( ! ,colonies is matt] = rejoic+4 ,twelve ye>s ago "o knew :at to expect on ent]+ a ,jewi% ,colony 9 ,pale/9e4 ,f ! f>m]s "o w\ld he> bitt] compla9ts ab\t _! intol]able condition1 *>ges ( neglect ( duty aga9/ ! h>d-he>t$ adm9i/rators1 & la/1 b n lea/1 a long li/ ( requirem5ts1 involv+ l>ge sums ( money1 = ! prop] equipm5t ( ea* f>m]4 ,! adm9i/rators on _! side w\ld rail aga9/ ! f>m]s1 call !m lazy s*norr]s1 :o 7 always ask+ = m1 ?\gh _! condition 0 n at all bad1 & d5\nce ! s*$ule ( requirem5ts z a fabrication4 ,to-day !re is no e*o ( ^! recrim9ations 9 mo/ ( ! ,colonies4 ,dur+ ! int]v5+ ye>s ! adm9i/rators--x is b j to !m to say s--h done all t !y c\ld to rem$y _! e>li] mi/akes4 ,!y h ext5d$ ! ,colonies :]ev] x 0 possible to buy l& 9 ! neighb\rhood2 !y h f\nd$ new ,colonies = ^? :o c\ld n f9d room 9 ! old2 & 9 g5]al !y h endeav\r$ to f9i% _! "w1 to free ! ,colonies gradually f _! own sup]vision1 & to transf] ! managem5t & ! responsibility to ! f>m]s !mselves1 s t !y %\ld at la/ realise t ! man :o wants to live mu/ "w & look aft] himself1 in/ead ( dep5d+ always on ext]nal help4 ,no d\bt "o _c yet speak ( ! complete emancipation ( ! ,colonies z an accompli%$ fact4 ,! /r+s are /ill !re1 & ! abs5tee ,adm9i/ration /ill holds !m4 ,b x no long] pulls ! /r+s1 z x us$ to d1 &1 consequ5tly1 its exi/5ce is h>dly notic$4 ,s1 if "o visits "o ( ^! ,colonies to-day1 "o he>s q ano!r tune4 8,we are indep5d5t0--t is ! fir/ ?+ !y tell "o1 ) ! pride ( m5 :o "k ! value ( fre$om4 ,?is pride makes !m exagg]ate ! pres5t bless+s1 j z !y us$ to exagg]ate ! evil4 8,all's "r ) ! ,colony4 ,x is /rong & secure1 & pays its work]s well4 ,no d\bt "s p are badly (f4 ,b :at ( t8 ,!re are failures ev]y:]e4 ,! man :o _c succe$ leaves1 & makes room = ano!r4 ,! great ?+ is t ! ,colony z a :ole is able to exi/ & to develop prop]ly4 ,true1 x lacks ?is1 t1 & ! o!r1 & we _c yet supply ! defici5cies2 b 9 c\rse ( "t !y w be suppli$4 ,we ne$ pati5t "w1 & ev]y?+ w come 9 good "t40 ,t is ! prevail+ note ( :at ,i he>d 9 ne>ly all ! ,colonies :i* ,i visit$4#gg ,any visitor to ,pale/9e :o br+s ) him1 z ,i did1 pa9ful & humiliat+ recollections ( ye>s ago mu/ rejoice beyond measure at all ?is1 & mu/ be incl9$ to take an extremely optimi/ic view ( ! developm5t ( ! colonisation movem5t 9 g5]al4 ,b all ?is is highly satisfactory only s long z "o reg>ds ?is colonisation movem5t z some?+ good 9 itself4 ,?9k b once ( ! 8political aim10 ( ! fir/ article ( ! ,basle ,programme1 & ! optimism vani%es at once1 & gives place to a depress+ feel+ ( pov]ty & empt9ess4 ,?irty ye>s' exp]i5ce ( ! life ( ! ,colonies mu/ f9ally drive u to ! conclusion t :ile ,hebrew ,colonies c exi/ 9 ,pale/9e1 & 9 l>ge numb]s1 ,hebrew agriculturi/s--^? :o are to be ! f\ndation ( ! 8home ( refuge0--_c be made ev5 9 ,pale/9e1 except 9 numb]s too small to be> any relation to s l>ge an aim4 ,! ,jew is too clev]1 too civilis$1 to b\nd 8 life & 8 ambitions by a small plot ( l&1 & to be cont5t ) d]iv+ a poor liv+ f x by ! sweat ( 8 br[4 ,he has lo/ ! primitive simplicity ( ! real f>m]1 ^: s\l is b\nd up 9 8 piece ( gr\nd1 ^: "w is 8 all1 & :o nev] looks beyond 8 n>r[ acres3 z ?\gh a voice f above _h told him t he 0 born to be a slave to ! l& ) 8 ox & 8 ass1 & mu/ fulfill 8 de/9y )\t any unnecess>y ?9k+4 ,t agricultural idyll :i* we saw 9 our visions ?irty ye>s ago has n be5 & _c be realis$4 ,! ,jew c become a capable f>m]1 a c\ntry g5tleman--( ! type ( ,boaz--:o und]/&s agriculture1 is devot$ to x1 & makes a liv+ out ( x3 ! sort ( man :o goes out e morn+ to 8 field1 or 8 v9ey>d1 to look aft] 8 workm5 z !y pl\gh or s[ 8 l&1 plant or graft 8 v9es1 & does n m9d ev5 giv+ !m a h& :5 he f9ds x necess>y4 ,a man ( ?is type--close to ! l& & to nature1 & v diff]5t 9 "* f ! ,jew ( ! city--a ,jew c become4 ,b at ! same "t he wants to live l a civilis$ be+2 he wants to enjoy1 bodily & m5tally1 ! fruits ( contempor>y culture2 ! l& does n absorb 8 :ole be+4 ,?is excell5t type is be+ creat$ be=e our eyes 9 ,pale/9e1 & 9 "t x w c]ta9ly rea* an uncommon degree ( p]fection4 ,b ( :at use is all ?is = build+ a 8home ( refuge08 8,upp]-class0 f>m]s ( ?is k9d1 :o dep5d on ! lab\r ( o!rs1 _c be ! f\ndation ( su* a build+4 ,9 e ,/ate ! f\ndation is ! rural prolet>iat3 ! lab\r]s & ! poor f>m]s1 :o d]ive a scanty livelihood f _! own "w 9 ! fields1 :e!r 9 a small plot ( _! own1 or 9 ! fields ( ! 8upp]-class0 f>m]s4 ,b ! rural prolet>iat 9 ,pale/9e is n ours to-day1 & x is difficult to imag9e t x ev] w be ours1 ev5 if our ,colonies multiply all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,z = ! pres5t1 we all "k t ! "w is done mo/ly by ,arabs f ! neighb\r+ villages1 ei!r j\rneym51 :o come 9 ! morn+ & return home 9 ! ev5+1 or regul> lab\r]s1 :o live 9 ! ,colony ) _! families4 ,x is !y :o are do+ = u ! "w ( ! 8home ( refuge40 ,& z = ! future1 ! numb] ( ! ,colonies w gr[1 9 s f> z x gr[s1 ?r\gh m5 ( capital1 :o w f\nd new ,colonies ( ! same 8weal?y0 type4 ,colonies = poor m5 c only be f\nd$ by organisations1 & _! numb] mu/ be s limit$ t !y c c\nt = no?+ 9 comp>ison ) ! ne$ ( creat+ a rural prolet>iat to cov] ! :ole c\ntry & w9 x by manual lab\r4 ,ev5 an ,agr>ian ,cr$it ,bank w n make mu* diff]5ce f ?is po9t ( view4 ,su* a bank--despite all ! great ?+s prophesi$ = x--w be mu* bett] able to help 9 ! f\ndation ( 8weal?y0 ,colonies ?an to f\nd ,colonies = poor m5 ) its own means4 ,p]haps its inability to increase ! numb] ( su* ,colonies w really be a bless+ 9 disguise4 ,= if !y exi/$ 9 l>ge numb]s !y mu/ all be full ( m5 q unfitt$ = su* a difficult task4 ,only if !y are v few c we hope = _! survival & developm5t ?r\gh a process ( natural selection1 by :i* ! man :o has n ! necess>y qualities w make way = ano!r1 & 9 "t ^! ,colonies w ga!r to !mselves all ! small body ( born agriculturi/s :i* is /ill left among u4#gh ,h[ev] t may be1 ?is is n ! way 9 :i* our rural prolet>iat c be made4 ,x may be said t x w be made 9 ord9>y c\rse 9 ! 8weal?y0 ,colonies1 ?r\gh ! natural increase ( ! inhabitants & ! consequ5t division ( ! l&2 t ! sons or gr&sons ( ! f>m]s w !mselves become poor lab\r]s1 liv+ by ! "w ( _! h&s4 ,b exp]i5ce %[s t ?is1 too1 is a va9 hope4 ,! *ildr5 :o are born 9 ! ,colonies h also ! clev]ness ( ! ,jew4 ,:5 ! son sees t 8 pat]nal inh]itance w n be suffici5t to make him a sub/antial f>m]1 & t he is doom$ to be "o ( ^? pill>s ( society1 ! agricultural lab\r]s1 he quickly leaves ! ,colony1 & goes to seek 8 =tune ov]seas1 :]e he is cont5t to "w l a slave1 s long z he is free f bondage to ! l&1 & is able to dream ( a prosp]\s future4 ,b x w\ld be do+ ^! sons ( ! ,colonies a griev\s wrong to imag9e !m lack+ 9 love = ,pale/9e4 ,mo/ ( !m d love ! c\ntry1 & long = x1 ev5 aft] !y h left x4 ,"s ( !m return to x 9 aft] ye>s1 if !y h succe$$ abroad 9 acquir+ en\gh money to enable !m to settle com=tably 9 ,pale/9e4 ,b ! tr\ble is t love ( ! c\ntry alone _c bre$ agriculturi/s2 = t y mu/ h also love ( ! l&4 ,! g5u9e agriculturi/ feels t leav+ ! l& is l giv+ up life4 ,! inh]it$ l9k betwe5 himself & ! l& is s /rong & deep t he _c sev] x4 ,he !re=e pref]s to endure pov]ty & want1 to live all 8 life l a bea/ ( burd51 r ?an to leave ! l&4 ,b ?is trait ( ! g5u9e agriculturi/ disappe>s gradually ev5 9 places :]e x exi/s1 s soon z x comes into contact ) a cultur$ environm5t4 ,x is cle>ly impossible to create x :]e x does n exi/1 & mo/ ( all 9 a p l ours1 9 :i* two ?\s& ye>s ( w&]+ h implant$ traits ( an exactly opposite "*4 ,!re rema9s1 !n1 only "o hope3 ! "y lab\r]s :o come to ,pale/9e ) ! int5tion ( devot+ _! lives to ! national ideal1 ( 8captur+ lab\r0#gi 9 ,pale/9e & ( creat+ 9 our exi/+ & future ,colonies t rural prolet>iat :i* is s f> non-exi/5t4 ,x is significant t ! 8lab\r "q0 has latt]ly become almo/ ! c5tral problem ( our colonisation "w4 ,x is felt on all h&s t b\nd up ) ?is "q ( lab\r is a /ill l>g] "q--t ( ! :ole aim ( ,zionism4 ,if ^! lab\r]s _c succe$ 9 supply+ :at is lack+1 t proves t ev5 national idealism is n /rong en\gh to create ! necess>y qualities ( m9d & he>t2 & we mu/ !re=e reconcile ourselves to ! idea t our rural settlem5t 9 ,pale/9e1 ev5 if 9 c\rse ( "t x develops up to ! maximum ( its possibilities1 w always rema9 an upp] /ratum1 a culturally develop$ m9ority1 ) ! bra9s & ! capital1 :ile ! rural prolet>iat1 ! manual lab\r]s :o =m ! majority1 w /ill n be ours4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 involves a complete trans=mation ( ! "* & aim ( ,zionism4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t !re h be5 s _m sugge/ions = improv+ ! condition ( ! lab\r]s4 ,ev]ybody sees t s f> ! lab\r]s h n succe$$ v well 9 _! mission3 9 rec5t ye>s _m ( !m h left ! c\ntry1 :ile few h arriv$ !re1 & ! position ( ^? :o rema9 is insecure4 ,! g5]al t5d5cy is to put ! blame on c]ta9 ext]nal difficulties1 & to look = ways ( remov+ ^? difficulties--z1 by p]suad+ ! coloni/s to give ,jewi% a pref]5ce ov] ,arab lab\r]s2 by mak+ ?+s m com=table = ! lab\r]s 9 ! matt] ( food & lodg+2 & _m o!r famili> sugge/ions4 ,! ,zioni/ public consoles itself ) ! belief t :5 all ^! /eps are tak5 ! numb] ( ,jewi% lab\r]s w /eadily increase ) ! increase ( "w1 & t z ! settlem5t gr[s & ! am\nt ( "w increases1 s w our lab\r+ rural prolet>iat increase1 & ?us ! 8secure home ( refuge0 w be built up by our own h&s1 f ! f\ndation to ! ro(4 ,n[ x seems to me t ! "t is n v f> di/ant :5 ! ext]nal difficulties w no long] /& 9 ! way ( ! lab\r]s1 or1 at lea/1 w be r$uc$ to su* small proportions t x w no long] be possible to reg>d !m z an insurm\ntable b>ri]4 ,! ,national ,fund & o!r in/itutions are already try+ h>d to improve ! position ( ! lab\r]s1 & !re is no d\bt t little by little ev]y?+ t c be done w be done4 ,ev5 ! greate/ difficulty--t ( ! /ra9$ relations betwe5 ! lab\r]s & ! coloni/s--is visibly gr[+ less4 ,on ! "o side1 mo/ ( ! lab\r]s n[ see t x is unfair to dem& ( any man t he %\ld receive ) op5 arms ^? :o look d[n on him & make no attempt to conceal ! hatr$ & contempt :i* !y feel = him z a 8b\rgeois02 & s !y try to adopt a m conciliatory attitude ?an hi!rto4 ,on ! o!r side1 ! coloni/s are beg9n+ to see t x is n only _! duty b also _! int]e/ to increase ! am\nt ( ,jewi% lab\r 9 ! colonies 7!re is no ne$ "h to lab\r ?is po9t1 :i* has be5 (t5 made be=e72 & s we see 9 ! colonies ! developm5t ( a c]ta9 t5d5cy to employ ,jewi% lab\r z f> z possible4 ,x is true t mo/ ( ! colonies /ill believe t ! possibilities ( employ+ ,jewi% lab\r are v small 7aga9 = reasons too famili> to ne$ expla9+ "h71 & an outsid] :o has paid a brief visit to ,pale/9e _c express a def9ite op9ion z to ! s\ndness ( _! judgm5t on ?is po9t4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 h[ev]1 ,i h no d\bt t ! m ! coloni/s become incl9$ to employ ,jewi% lab\r1 ! great] w ! possibilities automatically become1 until !y rea* _! real limit4 ,b aft] ! removal ( ^? ext]nal difficulties :i* we ourselves c remove we %all f9d out t ! way is beset ) m =midable difficulties1 :i* d n dep5d on our own w4 ,9 e colony & f>m :i* ,i visit$1 ,i talk$ a great deal ) ! lab\r]s1 & li/5$ att5tively to :at !y said4 ,!y express$ _m diff]5t & conflict+ op9ions1 & 7 n always all agre$ ev5 on ! mo/ important que/ions4 ,?is not)/&+1 all ^! conv]sations left on my m9d "o g5]al impression1 & t impression did n enc\rage me to believe 9 ! ability ( ^! "y m5 to accompli% ! great task :i* !y _h set be=e !mselves4 ,^! "y lab\r]s1 :o come to ,pale/9e ) ! idea ( 8captur+ lab\r10 mo/ly br+ ) !m f abroad ! hope ( becom+ indep5d5t f>m]s aft] "s ye>s ( "w2 only a few come ) ! fix$ int5tion ( rema9+ lab\r]s all _! lives4 ,all alike "w = a c]ta9 "t ) en?usiasm & devotion1 b aft] a :ile ! "q ( _! future beg9s to ex]cise _! m9ds4 ,^? ^: hope f ! beg9n+ 0 to become f>m]s are1 ( c\rse1 disc\rag$ :5 !y see h[ remote is ! *ance ( atta9+ _! ambition2 t 0 only to be expect$4 ,b ev5 ^? :o came ) ! int5tion ( rema9+ lab\r]s beg9 to feel t a life su* z !irs is all v well = a "t1 b is m ?an !y c endure z a p]man5cy4 ,! civilis$ man 9 ea* "o ( !m beg9s to clam\r = self-expression1 & _c reconcile himself to ! idea t he mu/ g on digg+ or pl\gh+ f morn+ till ev5+ all 8 days1 & at be/ be rew>d$ = all 8 toil by a meagre subsi/5ce4 ,s ! weak] among !m leave ! c\ntry ) bitt]ness 9 _! he>ts1 & ! m ob/9ate rema9 9 ! c\ntry ) bitt]ness 9 _! he>ts2 & y may see !m w&]+ f "o colony to ano!r1 work+ 9 "o place = a "t1 !n sudd5ly leav+ x = ano!r1 n because !y want a bett] job1 b because !y are re/less 9 _s & h no peace ( m9d4 ,! lab\r]s at pres5t 9 ,pale/9e may be divid$1 broadly speak+1 into f\r classes4 ,!re are fir/ ! unskill$ lab\r]s1 :o d simple "w su* z digg+1 & ) difficulty e>n en\gh to satisfy _! mo/ elem5t>y ne$s4 ,?is class is v f> f be+ cont5t$2 _m ( its memb]s h left ! c\ntry1 _m m w leave1 & ! re/ w = ! mo/ "p pass into ! o!r classes4 ,secondly1 !re are lab\r]s :o are exp]t at c]ta9 k9ds ( "w 7su* z graft+7 :i* require skill & c>e4 ,!y e>n good money1 & _! position is n bad4 ,yet !y are mo/ly anxi\s to pass into ! ?ird class1 t ( ! f>m]-lab\r]s1 :o h ea* 8 own small hold+ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( "s colony1 & "w on _! own l&1 b eke out a livelihood by work+ = o!rs 9 ! colony2 or--:]e ! hold+s are v small--"w mo/ly = o!rs & only a little = !mselves4 ,?is exp]im5t has be5 />t$ by v>i\s in/itutions1 :i* h b\ght l& 9 or ne> to a colony & h giv5 plots ( x to select$ lab\r]s4 ,9 "s places !re are lab\r]s :o d well ) _! hold+s1 & !re=e are already hop+ t be=e long !y w cease to be lab\r]s & become indep5d5t f>m]s4 ,f\r?ly1 !re are ! lab\r]s :o h already atta9$ ?is ideal ( becom+ indep5d5t f>m]s1 & no long] "w = o!rs1 b are /ill sometimes c\nt$ z lab\r]s because !y ma9ta9 c]ta9 relations ) _! =m] 8p>ty40 ,! memb]s ( ?is class are few1 & mo/ ( !m are m5 :om ! ,jewi% ,colonisation ,association settl$ 9 ,l[] ,galilee on ! t5ant-f>m] sy/em4 ,_! hold+s are comp>atively l>ge1 & !y h nei!r "t nor ne$ to "w = o!rs2 on ! contr>y1 !y !mselves ne$ lab\r at c]ta9 seasons1 & !n ^! ex-lab\r]s1 hav+ become employ]s1 d n inv>iably employ ,jewi% lab\r6 ,?is la/-m5tion$ ph5om5on gave me mu* food = ?\ght all ! "t t ,i 0 9 ,pale/9e4 ,among ^! f>m]s ,i knew "s "y m5 :o _h previ\sly be5 reg>d$ z among ! pick ( ! lab\r]s1 n only f ! po9t ( view ( effici5cy1 b also f t ( "* & devotion to ! national ideal4 ,if ^! m5--,i said to myself--c\ld n /& ! te/1 !n p]haps x is really impossible = anybody to /& x1 & :e!r x be = ! reasons :i* ! f>m]s sugge/1 or = o!r reasons1 ! fact is !re all ! same4 ,b :5 ,i put ?is problem to lab\r]s :o _h n yet become f>m]s1 !y repli$ t ^! comrades ( !irs1 :5 once !y _h become f>m]s1 _h lo/ _! prolet>iat m5tality & acquir$ a diff]5t psy*ology4 ,!n ,i ask$ fur!r3 8,if s1 :]e is ! solution8 ,y y\rselves tell me t mo/ ( y\r comrades came to ,pale/9e 9 ! hope ( becom+ f>m]s 9 c\rse ( "t1 & t z ?is hope grew fa9t] 7because ! ,jewi% ,colonisation ,association *ang$ its sy/em1 & ceas$ to settle on its l& lab\r]s :o _h n a c]ta9 am\nt ( money7 ! numb] ( new arrivals grew less4 ,b if ! lab\r]s come ) ! hope ( becom+ f>m]s1 & !n1 :5 !y h a*iev$ _! ambition1 lose _! idealism & employ non-,jews on _! own l&1 h[ c y ev] #8capture lab\r1' & :at is ! good ( y\r ef=ts80 ,to ?is "q ! lab\r]s n[h]e gave me a satisfactory answ]6#hj 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* is ! condition ( 8practical "w 9 ,pale/9e10 & su* its relation to 8! r$emption ( ! p & ! l&40 ,! hope ( a future r$emption is an age-long national hope1 /ill *]i%$ by e ,jew :o is fai?ful to 8 p1 :e!r z a religi\s belief or 9 "s o!r =m4 ,e man c picture ! realisation to himself z x suits him1 )\t reg>d to actual pres5t conditions3 = :o kn[s :at is hidd5 9 ! bosom ( ! di/ant future8 ,b if m5 set out to a*ieve ! r$emption by _! own ef=ts1 !y are no long] at lib]ty to %ut _! eyes to ! facts4 ,!re mu/ be "s natural *a9 ( cause & effect betwe5 :at !y d & :at !y wi% to atta94 ,betwe5 8practical "w 9 ,pale/9e0 & 8! r$emption ( ! p & ! l&0 ?is *a9 ( causation may be imag9$ to exi/ by ^? :o are at a di/ance2 b 9 ,pale/9e itself ev5 imag9ation _c f9d x4 ,9 ,pale/9e ! possibilities ( practical "w are too cle>4 ,x is possible to buy bits ( l& "h & !re2 b x is n possible to r$eem ! l& z a :ole1 or ev5 mo/ ( x4 ,x is possible to f\nd beautiful ,colonies on ! 8r$eem$0 l&2 b x is n possible to settle 9 !m m ?an a v few poor ,coloni/s4 ,x is possible to produce 9 ! ,colonies an 8upp]-class0 type ( agriculturi/s1 ^: "w is mo/ly done by o!rs1 & p]haps x is possible also to create a small lab\r] class = ! f9] k9ds ( "w1 :i* are comp>atively easy & well paid2 b x is n possible to create a real rural prolet>iat1 capable ( monopolis+ ! r\gh]1 m exact+1 & worse-paid k9ds ( "w1 :i* alone c support a rural prolet>iat ) its ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s4#ha ,?is be+ ! case1 we %\ld expect e visitor to ,pale/9e ^: /&>d is t ( ! 8home ( refuge0 to return home 9 grief & despair4 ,yet e day we f9d j ! opposite4 ,or?odox ,zioni/s1 :o wax gr&iloqu5t at home ab\t 8! r$emption ( ! p & ! l&10 come to ,pale/9e1 see :at !re is to see !re1 & return home 9 joy & gladness1 full ( inspiration & en?usiasm1 z ?\gh !y _h he>d ,messiah's trumpet f ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4 ,t is exactly my po9t4 ,on ! surface ! ,programme is supreme1 & all its adh]5ts seem really to believe t _! "w is br++ ! r$emption4 ,b b5ea? ! surface ! unackn[l$g$ in/9ct ( national self-pres]vation is supreme1 & x is t in/9ct t urges !m on to "w--n = ! accompli%m5t ( ! ,programme1 b = ! satisfaction ( its own dem&s4 ,:5 our or?odox ,zioni/ comes to ,pale/9e1 & sees ! "w & its results1 8 :ole be+ ?rills ) ! feel+ t x is a great & a noble ?+ t is be+ creat$ !re2 t :e!r x leads to complete r$emption or n1 x w be an enorm\s =ce = our national pres]vation 9 all ! c\ntries ov] :i* we are scatt]$4 ,!n ! 8r$emption0 idea f9ds its prop] level3 x becomes "o ( ^? *]i%$ hopes :i* are n yet ready to be ma9spr+s ( action2 & ! real object1 ! object :i* is actually be+ atta9$ by practical "w 9 ,pale/9e1 appe>s l>ge & spl5did en\gh 9 itself to provide inspiration & en?usiasm4 ,my respect = my read]s & = myself does n p]mit me to expla9 once m 9 detail--aft] m ?an tw5ty ye>s ( explanation aft] explanation--:at exactly is ! object to :i* ,i allude "h4 ,b ,i ?9k x no %ame to av[ t on ?is occasion ,i seem$ to myself to see my dream ( tw5ty ye>s ago 9 process ( realisation 9 ,pale/9e1 ?\gh naturally ) diff]5ces ( detail4 ,:at has already be5 accompli%$ 9 ,pale/9e entitles "o to say ) confid5ce t t c\ntry w be 8a national spiritual c5tre ( ,judaism1 to :i* all ,jews w turn ) affection1 & :i* w b9d all ,jews toge!r2 a c5tre ( /udy & le>n+1 ( language & lit]ature1 ( bodily "w & spiritual purification2 a true m9iature ( ! p ( ,israel z x ought to be 444 s t e ,hebrew 9 ! ,diaspora w ?9k x a privilege to behold j once ! #8c5tre ( ,judaism1' & :5 he returns home w say to 8 fri5ds3 #8,if y wi% to see ! g5u9e type ( a ,jew1 :e!r x be a ,rabbi or a s*ol> or a writ]1 a f>m] or an arti/ or a bus9ess man--!n g to ,pale/9e1 & y w see x4'0#hb ,no d\bt ! "t has n yet come1 nor w x soon come1 :5 ! travell] return$ f ,pale/9e1 speak+ ( ! 8g5u9e type ( a ,jew10 c say to 8 fri5ds1 8,g to ,pale/9e1 & y w see x40 ,b he c say1 & g5]ally does1 8,g to ,pale/9e1 & y w see x 9 ! mak+40 ,! exi/+ ,colonies1 al?\gh !y dep5d ma9ly on non-,jewi% lab\r1 /rike ! ,jew ( ! ,diaspora z s _m little g5]at+ /ations1 9 :i* !re is gradually be+ produc$ a new type ( national life1 unp>allel$ 9 ! ,exile4 ,s soon z he ent]s a ,jewi% ,colony1 he feels t he is 9 a ,hebrew national atmosph]e4 ,! :ole social ord]1 all ! communal in/itutions1 f ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,colony to ! s*ool1 be> ! ,hebrew /amp4 ,!y d n betray1 z !y d 9 ! ,diaspora1 traces ( t =eign influ5ce :i* fl[s f an ali5 environm5t & di/orts ! pure ,hebrew =m4 ,( c\rse1 he does n f9d ev]y?+ satisfactory & comm5dable4 ,he discov]s--if he has eyes to see--_m defects 9 ! communal life & 9 t ( ! individual4 ,ev5 ! s*ools 9 ! ,colonies are /ill = ! mo/ "p v f> f p]fection2 & ev5 ! mu*-vaunt$ pr$om9ance ( ! ,hebrew language 9 ! ,colonies is z yet b half complete--x ext5ds only to ! *ildr54 ,b ev]y?+--he tells himself--is /ill 9 its infancy2 ! process ( free developm5t has only j begun1 & x is go+ on4 ,_m ( ^! defects w be rem$i$ 9 "t2 & :atev] is n rem$i$ mu/ be a defect 9 ourselves1 ) its roots 9 our national "*4 ,if we want to create a g5u9e ,hebrew type1 we mu/ accept ! bad ) ! good1 provid$ t bo? alike belong ess5tially to ! type1 & t ! type itself is n corrupt$ z 9 ! ,diaspora4 ,! ,jewi% visitor travels f ,colony to ,colony1 & f9ds !m sometimes _m h\rs' j\rney f "o ano!r1 ) ali5 fields & villages 9 betwe54 ,b ! int]v5+ space seems to him no?+ m ?an an empty des]t1 beyond :i* he rea*es civilisation aga91 & brea!s once m ! refre%+ atmosph]e ( ,hebrew national life4 ,days pass1 or weeks1 & he seems to h sp5t all ! "t 9 ano!r _w--a _w ( ! di/ant pa/ or ! di/ant future4 ,:5 he leaves ?is _w he says to himself1 8,if x is ?us to-day1 :at w x be "o day1 :5 ! ,colonies are m num]\s & fully develop$80 ,at su* a "t he realises t "h1 9 ?is c\ntry1 is to be f\nd ! solution ( ! problem ( our national exi/5ce2 t f "h ! _s %all g =? & brea! on ! dry bones t are scatt]$ ea/ & we/ ?r\gh all l&s & all nations1 & re/ore !m to life4 ,b f ?is po9t ( view ! t]m 8practical "w0 does n apply only to ! agricultural colonies4 ,?is national ,hebrew type may h1 & inde$ has1 its g5]at+ /ations outside ! agricultural settlem5t4 ,_m ,zioni/s criticise ! ,directors ( ! ,national ,fund = s9k+ a good deal ( _! capital 9 ! build+ ( ,jewi% qu>t]s 9 t[ns 7su* z ,tel-,aviv 9 ,jaffa74 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! ,programme ^! critics are c]ta9ly "r4 ,! ,fund 0 creat$ = 8! r$emption ( ! l&0 9 ! wide/ s5se ( ! t]m1 & n = ! pur*ase ( small pieces ( urban l&1 & ! erection on !m ( h\ses = ,jews4 ,b1 z ,i h said1 ! "w is direct$ n by ! dem&s ( ! ,programme b by ! prompt+s ( an in/9ct4 ,if our visitor f ! ,diaspora rema9s "s days 9 ,tel-,aviv1 obs]ves its life1 & sees ! ,hebrew *ildr5 :o are gr[+ up !re1 he w n criticise ! ,national ,fund = hav+ made x possible to f\nd su* a g5]at+ /ation4 ,he w wi% ) all 8 he>t t ! ,directors w\ld commit ! same fault aga91 & create simil> /ations 9 ! o!r t[ns ( ,pale/9e4 ,& ne$ x be demon/rat$ t ! ,hebrew s*ools 9 ,jaffa & ,j]usalem are c5tres ( unremitt+ activity 9 ! creation ( 8! g5u9e type ( a ,jew08 ,?is educational "w1 aga91 does n fit 9 v well ) ! ,programme4 8,:at use10 x is (t5 ask$1 8is !re 9 educat+ ! *ildr5 9 ! national _s1 s long z ! l& is n r$eem$1 & ! nation does n come to ! l&1 & _m ( ^! v *ildr5 may n rema9 !re8 ,to r$eem ! l&1 ext5d ! settlem5t1 capture lab\r--t is ! way to realise ! ,programme4 ,b education8 ,:5 ! numb] ( ,jews 9 ,pale/9e is l>ge1 national education w foll[ z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,at pres5t we h no "r to use = spiritual purposes ! res\rces :i* are ne$$ = m important ?+s40 ,i d\bt :e!r ?is criticism c be reasonably & logically answ]$ on ! basis ( ! ,programme4 ,b :at c logic d :5 in/9ct pulls ! o!r way8 ,! v m5 :o promise to br+ ab\t ! r$emption by means ( 8practical "w 9 ,pale/9e0 are us+ a great deal ( _! en]gy 9 educational "w 9 ! c\ntry2 & ,zioni/s g5]ally value su* "w & turn to x m & m4 ,to le>n :y1 "o has only to li/5 to ! spee*es at a ,zioni/ meet+ dur+ a debate on 8cultural "w0 9 ,pale/9e4 ,! 8r$eem]s0 =get = a "t ! ,programme1 ! 8home ( refuge10 & all _! o!r cat*words1 & beg9 to extol 8! revival ( ! _s10 & ! creation ( a new ,hebrew type4 ,!y prophesy t ?is type w 9 future be a connect+ l9k betwe5 all ! scatt]$ p>ts ( ! nation4 ,!y po9t to ! b5eficial influ5ce already ex]t$ by ! s*ools 9 ,pale/9e on education 9 ! ,diaspora4 ,& s =?1 & s =?4 ,eighte5 ye>s ago ,i saw ! beg9n+s ( ?is educational "w 9 ,pale/9e1 & ,i c\ld n !n br+ myself to believe t ! individual tea*]s :o /ood = ! great ideal ( a ,hebrew education 9 ! ,hebrew language1 & _h begun to put x into practice ) _! limit$ res\rces1 c\ld really succe$ 9 produc+ su* a spiritual revolution4 ,b at ! same "t ,i saw h[ b5t !y 7 on ! atta9m5t ( _! object1 & h[ confid5t ( success3 & ,i said1 8,:o kn[s8 ,p]haps ?is confid5ce w be able to "w miracles40#hc ,n[ ,i h se5 t confid5ce has inde$ work$ miracles4 8,a ,hebrew education 9 ! ,hebrew language0 is no long] an ideal 9 ,pale/9e3 x is a real ?+1 a natural1 inevitable ph5om5on2 its disappe>ance is inconceivable4 ,no d\bt !re are "s scatt]$ =tresses :i* h n yet be5 captur$2 b ^!1 too1 w surr5d]1 z o!rs h1 to ! dem&s ( ! age4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! educational in/itutions ( ! ,g]man ,hilfsv]e9 9 ,j]usalem1 f ! ,k9d]g>t5s up to ! ,tea*]s' ,sem9>y4 ,all 9 all1 !y h sixte5 hundr$ pupils ( bo? sexes1 & ^! are be+ tra9$--despite ! /ill visible remnant ( ,g]man education--9 ! ,hebrew _s & ! ,hebrew language4 ,all :o "k h[ ?+s us$ to be mu/ confess t !re has really be5 a revolution 9 ,pale/9e1 & t ! ,hebrew tea*] has won4#hd ,( c\rse1 !re is /ill mu* to be done be=e ! victory c be complete ev5 int]nally--t is to say1 be=e ,hebrew education c f9d ! "r road 9 e dep>tm5t1 & be=e its defects1 :i* are /ill num]\s1 c be remov$4 ,b ! conqu]or has already %[n 8 pati5ce & 8 devotion to 8 ideal2 & we c surely tru/ him n to re/ until he has s p]fect$ ,hebrew education 9 ,pale/9e z to make x a wor?y model = ,jews ?r\gh\t ! _w1 a /&>d type ( national education1 to :i* !y w endeav\r to approximate s f> z ! conditions ( ! ,diaspora all[4 ,yet ano!r urban g5]at+ /ation ( a diff]5t k9d has be5 creat$ ( late ye>s1 also by ! unb\nd$ confid5ce ( an individual2 & ! ,zioni/s & ! ,national ,fund h n refra9$ f help+ x & enabl+ x to live & to develop1 al?\gh x is v difficult inde$ to br+ x )9 ! scope ( ! ,programme4 ,i mean1 ( c\rse1 ! ,bezalel4#he ,true1 its great object--! developm5t ( ,hebrew art--has s f> be5 atta9$ only to a slight ext5t1 & x has n yet t\*$ ! high] bran*es ( art4 ,b its a*ievem5ts 9 ! doma9 ( h&icraft ju/ify ! belief t "h also confid5ce w "w miracles4 ,:atev] may happ51 ! ,bezalel has already become ! s\rce ( a spiritual influ5ce :i* makes itself felt 9 l&s f> di/ant f ,pale/9e4 ,:o c tell h[ _m e/rang$ he>ts h be5 br\ght back to _! p1 9 great] or less degree1 by ! beautiful c>pets & ornam5ts ( ! ,bezalel8 ,all ^! g5]at+ /ations1 :e!r 9 ! c\ntry or 9 ! cities1 are weld$ toge!r 9 our ?\ght1 & appe> to u z a s+le national c5tre1 :i* ev5 n[1 9 its infancy1 ex]ts a visible & appreciable influ5ce on ! ,diaspora4 ,h5ce a man ne$ n believe 9 miracles 9 ord] to see ) 8 m9d's eye ?is c5tre gr[+ 9 size1 improv+ 9 "*1 & ex]t+ an ev]-increas+ spiritual influ5ce on our p1 until at la/ x %all rea* ! goal set be=e x by ! in/9ct ( national self-pres]vation3 to re/ore our national unity ?r\gh\t ! _w ?r\gh ! re/oration ( our national culture 9 its hi/oric home4 ,?is c5tre w n be ev5 !n a 8secure home ( refuge0 = our p2 b x w surely be a home ( heal+ = its _s4 ,& aft]w>ds8 ,ask no que/ions6 ,9 our pres5t /ate ( spiritual disorganisation we h no idea ( ! volume ( our national /r5g?1 nor ( :at x w be able to a*ieve :5 all its elem5ts are unit$ r\nd a s+le c5tre1 & quick5$ by a s+le /rong & heal?y _s4 ,! g5]ations t are to come aft]w>ds w "k ! measure ( _! p[]1 & w adju/ _! actions to x4 ,= u1 we are n conc]n$ ) ! hidd5 ?+s ( ! di/ant future4 ,en\gh = u to "k ! ?+s reveal$1 ! ?+s t are to be done by u & our *ildr5 9 a future t is ne>4 ,footnote #gc3 ,! fir/ article ( ! ,basle ,programme1 =mulat$ 9 #ahig1 reads3 8,d] ,zionismus er/rebt fr das jdis*e ,volk die ,s*affung e9] ff5tli*-re*tli* gesi*]t5 ,heim/tte 9 ,pal/9a40 ,until ! ,n9? ,congress 7#aiji7 ?is 0 g5]ally und]/ood z involv+ ! creation ( an autonom\s 8,jewi% ,/ate0 9 ,pale/9e4 ,footnote #gd3 ,x may be wor? :ile to m5tion "h an article writt5 at ,basle dur+ ! ,congress & pr9t$ 9 ! ,jewi% ,*ronicle 7#be ,aug41 #aiaa71 z x is a /rik+ example ( ! confusion ( ?\ght :i* reign$ at ?is ,congress4 ,! writ] reg>ds ! victory ( ! 8practicals0 z an ab&onm5t ( ! national ideal1 & expresses 8 surprise t ,hebrew occupi$ s prom95t a place at su* a ,congress4 ,! ,h]zlian ,zioni/s1 he ?9ks1 /&+ z !y d = a national ideal1 naturally desire ! revival ( ! national language2 b ^! 8practicals10 :o h turn$ _! backs on ! national ideal1 & made ,zionism m]ely a colonis+ s*eme--:at int]e/ h !y 9 ! revival ( ,hebrew8 ,c\ld n ,jews live com=tably 9 _! ,colonies 9 ,pale/9e ev5 if !y spoke o!r languages1 l ! ,jews ( ! re/ ( ! _w8--,i %\ld advise ^? aga9/ :om ?is argum5t is direct$ n simply to dismiss ! p>adox ) a smile1 b to ask !mselves h[ x came ab\t t _! aims c\ld be s misund]/ood4 ,footnote #ge3 ,! ,biblical ,%ekel 7plural ,%ekalim7 has be5 adopt$ z ! unit ( contribution to ! ,zioni/ ,organisation4 ,footnote #gf3 ,! ,agr>ian ,bank is /ill 7#aiba7 only a project4 ,footnote #gg3 ,i speak 7"h & fur!r on7 only ( ! ,colonies 9 ,judea & ,l[] ,galilee4 ,i did n visit ,upp] ,galilee on ?is occasion4 ,!re are1 inde$1 two or ?ree ,colonies 9 ,judea :i* are exceptions2 b special reasons h made !m unprosp]\s & kept _! inhabitants 9 ! old rut4 ,we are n "h conc]n$ ) ^! individual problems4 ,footnote #gh3 ,! ,colonies ( ?is type1 f\nd$ dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 h already be5 left by _m ( ! fir/ settl]s1 ^: places h be5 tak5 by o!rs4 ,footnote #gi3 i4e41 secur+ ! exclusive employm5t ( ,jewi% lab\r on ,jewi%-own$ l&4 ,footnote #hj3 ,!re is a fur!r class ( 8contractor-lab\r]s10 call$ 9 ,pale/9e k'vutzo? 7gr\ps71 :o "w ,national ,fund l& 9 "s places on a co-op]ative basis4 ,b ! results ( ?is exp]im5t are n yet cle>1 & 9 any case ! sy/em _c be expect$ to develop s f> z to be able to br+ ab\t a radical *ange 9 ! lab\r problem4 ,rec5tly1 too1 ,yem5ite ,jews h be5 com+ to ,pale/9e1 settl+ 9 ! ,colonies1 & work+ z lab\r]s2 & ! ,zioni/s are already proclaim+ t ! ,yem5ites w build up ! l&4 ,b ?is is ano!r exp]im5t on :i* judgm5t _c yet be pass$4 ,_m p 9 ,pale/9e ?9k t ! ,yem5ites are n physically /rong en\gh = h>d "w2 &1 moreov]1 _! level ( culture & _! m5tality are s diff]5t f ours t ! "q inevitably pres5ts itself :e!r an increase 9 _! numb] w n *ange ! :ole "* ( ! settlem5t1 & :e!r ! *ange w be = ! bett]4 ,i h "h t\*$ only on ! "q ( ! possibility ( 8captur+ lab\r40 ,b an answ] is /ill await$ to ano!r "q--:e!r x is prop] = u1 :o are 8bottom dog0 ev]y:]e1 to aim at a monopoly ( lab\r1 & :e!r !y are n "r :o ma9ta9 t ?is policy w prove to be our mo/ s]i\s ob/acle4 ,footnote #ha3 ,9 ,peta*-,tikvah1 = in/ance1 x is possible = ?ree or f\r hundr$ lab\r]s at mo/ to e>n a liv+ by ! f9] k9ds ( "w2 :]eas ! unskill$ lab\r employs at times ?\s&s4 ,footnote #hb3 ,! quotation is f an ,essay call$ ,dr4 ,p9sk] & 8 ,pamphlet1 writt5 9 #ahib4 ,footnote #hc3 ,f ! ,supplem5t to an ,essay call$ ,tru? f ,pale/9e 7,,ii71 writt5 9 #ahid4 ,footnote #hd3 ,i _c refra9 f m5tion+ "h a small incid5t :i* illu/rates ! pres5t position excell5tly4 ,i visit$ "o ( ! classes ( ! ,hilfsv]e9 s*ool at ,jaffa dur+ ! ,g]man read+ lesson4 ,! pupils 7 puzzl$ by ! ^w aufheb51 & ! tea*] tri$ to expla9 x by ,g]man synonyms1 :i* !y equally fail$ to und]/&4 ,at la/ ! tea*]'s pati5ce 0 exhau/$1 & he exclaim$ angrily1 9 pure ,seph>dic pronunciation1 8levatel60 ,all ! pupils und]/ood at once6 ,footnote #he3 ,a ,hebrew s*ool ( ,arts & ,crafts 9 ,j]usalem4 ,,! ,,supremacy ,,( ,,reason 7,,to ,,! ,,memory ,,( ,,maimonides7 7#aijd7 ,at la/1 aft] ! lapse ( sev5 hundr$ ye>s1#hf ! anniv]s>y ( ,maimonides' dea? has be5 rais$ to ! dignity ( an important national day ( memorial1 & has be5 hon\r$ ?r\gh\t ! ,diaspora4 ,9 e>li] c5turies our ance/ors d n appe> to h rememb]$ t s-&-s _m hundr$ ye>s _h pass$ s9ce ! dea? ( ,maimonides2 /ill less did !y make ! anniv]s>y a public ev5t1 z we d n[1 al?\gh !y 7 9 mu* clos] sympa?y ) ,maimonides ?an we are--or1 to be m correct1 because !y 7 9 mu* clos] sympa?y ) him ?an we are4 ,!y did n feel x necess>y to commemorate ! dea? ( "o :om 9 _s !y saw /ill liv+ among !m--"o ^: advice & in/ruction !y s\ght e day 9 all _! difficulties ( !ory & practice1 z ?\gh he 7 /ill 9 _! mid/4 ,9 ^? days x 0 almo/ impossible = an educat$ ,jew 7& mo/ ,jews !n 7 educat$7 to pass a s+le day )\t rememb]+ ,maimonides3 j z x 0 impossible = him to pass a s+le day )\t rememb]+ ,zion4 ,9 :atev] field ( /udy ! ,jew might be engag$--9 hala*ah1#hg 9 e?ics1 9 religi\s or philosophical speculation--inevitably he f\nd ,maimonides 9 ! place ( hon\r1 an au?ority ^: utt]ances 7 eag]ly conn$ ev5 by 8 oppon5ts4 ,& ev5 if a man happ5$ to be no /ud5t1 at any rate he w\ld say 8 pray]s e day1 & f9i% 8 morn+ pray] ) ! 8,?irte5 ,articles03 h[ !n c\ld he =get ! man :o =mulat$ ! ,articles ( ! ,jewi% religion8 ,b h[ diff]5t x is to-day6 ,if a ,jew ( t e>li] "t came to life aga91 & we want$ to br+ home to him z =cibly z possible ! di/ance betwe5 ourselves & our ance/ors1 x w\ld be en\gh1 ,i ?9k1 to tell him t n[adays "o may sp5d a great deal ( "t 9 read+ ,hebrew articles & books )\t com+ across a s+le ref]5ce to ,maimonides4 ,& ! reason is n t we h satisfactory answ]s to all ! spiritual que/ions :i* tr\bl$ our ance/ors1 & h !re=e no ne$ = ! out-(-date philosophy ( ,maimonides4 ,! reason is t ! que/ions !mselves are no long] on our ag5da3 because we are told t n[adays m5 ( enlight5m5t are conc]n$ n ) spiritual que/ions1 b only ) politics & h>d1 concrete facts4 ,if ,maimonides 9 8 day accept$ ! dictum ( ,ari/otle t ! s5se ( t\* is a ?+ to be a%am$ (1 we 9 our day are prone to accept ! dictum t 8spirituality0 is a ?+ to be a%am$ (1 & no?+ is wor? notice except :at c be t\*$ & felt4 ,:51 !re=e1 we 7 rem9d$ ?is ye> t sev5 hundr$ ye>s _h elaps$ s9ce ! dea? ( ! man ) :om ! spiritual life ( our p has be5 b\nd up dur+ all ! int]v5+ p]iod1 ! fact made a pr(\nd impression ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ,jewry4 ,x 0 z ?\gh our p 7 quick5$ by ?is rem9d]1 & /irr$ sudd5ly to "s vague ye>n+ aft] ! pa/--t pa/ 9 :i* x 0 /ill capable 7despite all ! ,jud5not#hh7 ( look+ upw>ds & seek+ answ]s to o!r que/ions ?an ^? ( bread & a ,na*tasyl4 ,be t z x may1 ,maimonides has become ! h]o ( ! mom5t & a subject ( g5]al int]e/4 ,_m an address has be5 deliv]$1 _m an article has be5 writt5 9 8 hon\r ?is ye>2 b nobody1 s f> z ,i h se51 has yet us$ ! occasion to une>?1 f b5ea? t heap ( mu/y metaphysics :i* is s =eign to u1 ! c5tral idea ( ,maimonides1 & to %[ h[ !re sprang f ?is c5tral idea ^? views ( 8 on religion & morality1 :i* produc$ a long p]iod ( un/able equilibrium 9 ,judaism1 & h left a pr(\nd impression on ! spiritual developm5t ( our p4 ,s9ce none else has p]=m$ ?is task1 ,i am m9d$ to try my h& at x4 ,if ev5 ^? :o are exp]t 9 ,maimonides' sy/em f9d "h "s new po9t ( view1 s mu* ! bett]2 if n1 no h>m is done4 ,= my purpose is n to discov] some?+ new1 b to rehe>se old facts 9 an ord] & a /yle t seem to me to be new1 & to be bett] adapt$ to pres5t ! subject intelligibly to mod]n m51 :o h n be5 br\ght up on m$ieval lit]ature4 ,i ,c ,maimonides claim to be reg>d$ z ! orig9ator ( a new sy/em8 ,?is is a "q :i* has ex]cis$ v>i\s au?ors2 b we may leave x to ^? :o atta* importance to names4 ,we may give ,maimonides t title or n3 b two facts are beyond dispute4 ,on ! "o h&1 ! fundam5tal assumptions on :i* he built up 8 sy/em 7 n 8 own1 b 7 borr[$ by him almo/ 9 _! entirety f ! philosophy ( ,ari/otle z pres5t$ at second h& by ! ,arabs1 :o introduc$ into x a good deal ( neo-,platonic doctr9e4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 x is indisputable t ,maimonides c>ri$ to _! logical conclusion ! e?ical consequ5ces ( ^? assumptions1 z ! ,greeks & ! ,arabs1 ) :om ! assumptions orig9at$1 did n2 & 9 ?is way he did say some?+ t 0 new & hi!rto unsaid1 ?\gh x 0 logically impli$ 9 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples :i* he took f o!r ?9k]s4 ,if1 !n1 we w\ld und]/& ! e?ical sy/em ( ,maimonides1 we mu/ set cle>ly be=e our m9ds ! metaphysical assumptions on :i* x 0 built4 ,^? assumptions are s f> remov$ f ! philosophical & sci5tific conceptions ( our own "t t ! mod]n man c sc>cely grasp !m4 ,b 9 ^? days ev5 ! greate/ ?9k]s believ$ ^! airy ab/ractions to be ! solid tru?s ( philosophy1 rock-bas$ on inconte/able evid5ces4 ,h5ce x is n surpris+ t ,maimonides1 l ! re/1 0 conv9c$ beyond d\bt t ?is 8sci5tific0 tea*+ 0 ! utt]mo/ limit ( human und]/&+1 & c\ld nev] be *ang$ or modifi$4 ,s absolute1 inde$1 0 8 conviction t he w5t s f> z to put ?is tea*+ 9 a dogmatic =m1 z ?\gh x _h be5 a revelation f above4#hi ,! foll[+ is an outl9e ( 8 dogmas1 s f> z is necess>y = our purpose3 8,all bodies b5ea? ! firmam5t are comp\nd$ ( matt] & =m40#ij ,b 8=m0 "h is n 8=m z vulg>ly und]/ood1 :i* is ! picture & image ( ! ?+02 x is 8! natural =m10 t is to say1 ! reality ( ! ?+1 8t by virtue ( :i* x is :at x is10 z di/9ct f o!r ?+s :i* are n ( its k9d4#ia 8,matt] is nev] p]ceiv$ )\t =m1 nor =m )\t matt]2 x is man :o divides exi/+ bodies 9 8 consci\sness1 & kn[s t !y are comp\nd$ ( matt] & =m40#ib ,= s9ce ! =m is ! reality1 by virtue ( :i* ! ?+ is :at x is1 x foll[s t matt] )\t =m w\ld be a ?+ )\t a real exi/5ce ( its own3 9 o!r words1 a m]e intellectual ab/raction4 ,& x is sup]flu\s to add t =m )\t matt] does n exi/ 9 ! sublun> _w1 :i* consi/s :olly ( 8bodies40#ic 8,! nature ( matt] is t =m _c p]si/ 9 x1 b x cont9ually dive/s itself ( "o =m & takes on ano!r40 ,x is because ( ?is prop]ty ( matt] t ?+s come into be+ & cease to be1 :]eas =m by its nature does n desire *ange1 & ceases to be only 8on acc\nt ( its connection ) matt]40 ,h5ce 8g5]ic =ms are all con/ant10 ?\gh !y exi/ 9 individuals :i* *ange1 :i* come & g2 b individual =ms necess>ily p]i%1 s9ce _! exi/5ce is possible only 9 comb9ation ) f9ite matt]4#id 8,! s\l ( all fle% is its =m10 & ! body is ! matt] 9 :i* ?is =m clo!s itself4 8,:51 !re=e1 ! body1 :i* is comp\nd$ ( ! elem5ts1 is dissolv$1 ! s\l p]i%es1 because x exi/s only ) ! body0 & has no p]man5t exi/5ce except g5]ically1 l o!r =ms4#ie 8,! s\l is "o1 b x has _m diff]5t faculties10 & !re=e philosoph]s speak ( p>ts ( ! s\l4 8,by ?is !y d n mean t x is divisible z bodies are2 !y m]ely enum]ate its diff]5t faculties40 ,! p>ts ( ! s\l1 9 ?is s5se1 are five3 ! nutritive1 ! s5sitive1 ! imag9ative1 ! emotional1 & ! rational4 ,! fir/ f\r p>ts are common to man & to o!r animals1 ?\gh 8ea* k9d ( animal has a p>ticul> s\l0 special to itself1 :i* functions 9 x 9 a p>ticul> way1 s t1 = in/ance1 ! emotion ( a man is n l ! emotion ( an ass4 ,b ! ess5tial sup]iority ( ! s\l ( man lies 9 its possession ( ! additional fif? "p--! rational3 ?is is 8t p[] 9 man by :i* he ?9ks & acquires k & di/+ui%es betwe5 wrong actions & "r40#if ,?us ! s\l ( man diff]s f ! s\ls ( o!r liv+ ?+s only 9 ! great] v>iety & high] quality ( its functions4 ,9 ess5ce x is1 l 8! s\l ( all fle%10 simply a =m associat$ ) matt]1 hav+ no exi/5ce ap>t f ! body4 ,:5 ! body is resolv$ into its elem5ts ! s\l also p]i%es ) all its p>ts1 includ+ ! rational4 ,?is extreme conclusion _h already be5 d$uc$ f ! tea*+ ( ,ari/otle by "s ( 8 e>ly comm5tators 7su* z ,alex&] ,aphrodisius74 ,!re 71 inde$1 o!r comm5tators :o1 unable to ab&on belief 9 ! survival ( ! s\l1 tri$ to expla9 ,ari/otle's words 9 con=mity ) t belief by exclud+ ! rational "p f ! 8natural =m0 & attribut+ to x a sep>ate & et]nal exi/5ce4#ig ,b ,maimonides 0 too logical n to see ! inconsi/5cy involv$ 9 t int]pretation2 & s he sid$ ) ! extremi/s1 ?\gh _! view 0 absolutely oppos$ to t belief 9 p]sonal immortality :i* 9 8 day _h come to be g5]ally accept$ by ,jews4 ,_h he be5 cont5t ) t view alone1 he w\ld inevitably h gone back to ! conception ( primitive ,judaism1 z we f9d x 9 ! ,p5tateu*3 t immortality belongs n to ! individual1 b to ! nation2 t ! national =m p]si/s = ev]1 l ! g5]ic =m 9 liv+ ?+s1 & ! *ang+ individuals are its matt]4 ,9 t case 8 :ole e?ical sy/em w\ld h be5 v diff]5t f :at x is4 ,b ,maimonides supplem5t$ ! tea*+ ( ,ari/otle by ano!r idea1 :i* he took f ! ,arabs2 & ?is idea1 amplifi$ & complet$1 he made ! basis ( 8 e?ical sy/em1 :i* !reby acquir$ a new & orig9al "*1 di/+ui%$ by its fusion ( ! social & ! individual elem5ts4 ,! idea is 9 sub/ance ?is3 t :ile reason1 :i* is pres5t 9 a human be+ f bir?1 is only "o ( ! faculties ( ! s\l1 :i* is a unity ( all its p>ts & ceases :olly to exi/ :5 ! body ceases1 yet ?is faculty is no m ?an a 8pot5tial faculty10 by virtue ( :i* its possessor is able to appreh5d ideas2 & !re=e its cessation is inevitable only if x rema9s ?r\gh\t its exi/5ce 9 its orig9al condition--9 ! condition1 t is1 ( a 8pot5tial faculty0 ^: pot5tiality has n be5 realis$4 ,b if a human be+ makes use ( ?is faculty & atta9s to ! actual appreh5sion ( ,ideas1 !n 8 intellect has proce$$ f ! /age ( pot5tiality to t ( actuality3 x has a*iev$ real exi/5ce1 :i* is p]man5t & inde/ructible1 l ! exi/5ce ( ^? ,ideas :i* x has absorb$ into itself & ) :i* x has become "o4 ,?us we are to di/+ui% betwe5 ! 8pot5tial intellect10 :i* is giv5 to a human be+ :5 he comes into ! _w1 & is m]ely a function ( ! body1 & ! 8acquir$ intellect10 :i* a human be+ w9s = himself by appreh5d+ ! ,ideas4 ,?is acquir$ intellect 8is n a function ( ! body & is really sep>ate f ! body40 ,h5ce x does n cease to exi/ ) ! cessation ( ! body2 x p]si/s = ev]1 l ! o!r 8sep>ate ,intellig5ces40#ih ,n[ s9ce ! =m ( e exi/+ ?+ is t individual ess5ce by virtue ( :i* x is :at x is & is di/+ui%$ f all o!r exi/+ ?+s1 x is cle> t ! acquir$ intellect1 :i* gives its possessor immortality1 is ! ess5ce ( ! human be+ :o has be5 privileg$ to acquire x3 9 o!r words1 8 true =m1 by :i* he is di/+ui%$ f ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,9 o!r m5 ! =m is ! transi5t s\l giv5 to !m at bir?2 b 9 him :o has ! acquir$ intellect ev5 ! s\l itself is only a k9d ( matt]4 ,8 ess5tial =m is 8! high] k10 8! =m ( ! s\l10 :i* he has won = himself by assimilat+ 8,ideas :i* are sep>ate f matt]40#ii ,?us mank9d is divid$ into two species1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 :i* is great] ?an t betwe5 mank9d z a :ole & o!r k9ds ( animals4 ,= man is di/+ui%$ f ! re/ ( animate nature only by hav+ a di/9ctive =m3 9 quality 8 =m is l ! =ms ( o!r liv+ ?+s1 see+ t 9 8 case z 9 !irs ! individual =m p]i%es4 ,b ! di/9ctive =m ( ! man :o has ! acquir$ intellect is di/9ct 9 quality2 = x p]si/s = ev] ev5 aft] its sep>ation f matt]4 ,its aff9ity is n ) ! o!r =ms 9 ! l[] _w1 b ) ^? 8sep>ate =ms0 9 ! _w above4#ajj ,?us f> ,maimonides foll[$ ! ,arabs4 ,b "h ! ,arab philosoph]s /opp$3 !y did n probe ?is idea fur!r1 did n c>ry x to its logical conclusions4 ,maimonides1 on ! contr>y1 refus$ to /op half-way2 he did n %r9k f ! extreme/ consequ5ces ( ! idea4 ,fir/ ( all1 he def9$ ! cont5t & ! me?od ( ! intellectual process by :i* man atta9s to 8acquir$ intellect40 ,if we say t ! intellect becomes actual & et]nal by compreh5d+ ! ,ideas & becom+ "o ) !m1#aja x foll[s t ! cont5t ( ! ,ideas !mselves mu/ be actual & et]nal4 ,= h[ c\ld some?+ real & et]nal be creat$ by ! acquisition ( some?+ itself unreal or n et]nal8 ,?us we exclude f ! category ( ,ideas by ! appreh5sion ( :i* ! acquir$ intellect is obta9$3 7#a7 ^? sci5ces :i* conta9 only ab/ract laws & n ! explanation ( real ?+s1 su* z ma!matics & logic2 7#b7 ^? sci5ces :i* tea* n :at actually exi/s1 b :at ought to be done = ! a*ievem5t ( c]ta9 objects1 su* z e?ics & /hetics2 7#c7 ! k ( individual =ms1 :i* h only a tempor>y exi/5ce 9 comb9ation ) matt]1 su* z ! hi/ories ( fam\s m5 & ! l4 ,all k ( ?is k9d1 ?\gh x is useful & 9 "s cases ev5 necess>y z prep>ation1 is n 9 itself capable ( mak+ ! intellect actual4 ,:at1 !n1 are ! ,ideas by ! appreh5sion ( :i* ! intellect does become actual8 ,!y are ^? ^: cont5t is true & et]nal ,be+4 ,?is ,be+ includes 7go+ f l[] to high]73 7#a7 ! g5]ic =ms ( all ?+s 9 ! l[] _w1 :i* are1 z we "k1 con/ant2 7#b7 ! heav5ly bodies1 :i*1 ?\gh comp\nd$ ( matt] & =m1 are et]nal2 7#c7 ! =ms :i* are free ( matt] 7,god & ! sep>ate ,intellig5ces74#ajb ,all ?is relates to ! cont5t ( ! intellectual process2 b !re is also a v important def9ition ( its me?od--a def9ition :i* is impli$ 9 ! conception itself4 ,! result mu/ be a*iev$ by ! intellect's own activity3 t is to say1 man mu/ appreh5d ! tru? ( ,be+ by rational pro(s1 & mu/ n simply accept tru? f o!rs by an act ( fai?4 ,= appreh5sion by ?is latt] me?od is purely ext]nal2 reason has _h no active "p 9 x1 & !re=e t union ( ! intellect ) its object1 :i* is :at makes ! intellect actual1 is lack+4#ajc ,& n[ let u see :at are ! e?ical consequ5ces ( ?is idea4 ,! "q ( ! ultimate purpose ( ! univ]se is = ,maimonides an idle "q1 because x is n )9 our p[] to f9d a satisfactory answ]4 ,= :atev] purpose we f9d1 x is always possible to ask3 ,:at is ! purpose ( t purpose8 ,& 9 ! end we are b\nd to say3 8,god will$ x s10 or1 8,8 wisdom decid$ s40 ,b at ! same "t ,maimonides agrees ) ,ari/otle & 8 s*ool t ! proximate purpose ( all t exi/s 9 ?is _w ( ours is man4 ,= 9 t 8c\rse ( g5esis & de/ruction0 :i* goes on 9 all ! g5]a ( exi/+ ?+s we see a k9d ( /riv+ on ! "p ( matt] to atta9 to ! mo/ p]fect =m possible 78to produce ! mo/ p]fect be+ t c be produc$072 & s9ce 8man is ! mo/ p]fect be+ =m$ ( matt]10 x foll[s t 89 ?is respect x c truly be said t all e>?ly ?+s exi/ = man40#ajd ,n[ if man is ! proximate purpose ( all ?+s on e>?1 8we are compell$ to inquire fur!r1 :y man exi/s & :at 0 ! purpose ( 8 creation40 ,maimonides' view ( ! human s\l be+ :at x is1 !re is1 ( c\rse1 a ready answ] to ?is "q4 ,! purpose ( man's exi/5ce1 l t ( all mat]ial exi/5ce1 is 8to produce ! mo/ p]fect be+ t c be produc$03 & :at is ! mo/ p]fect be+ if n ! possessor ( ! 8acquir$ intellect10 :o has atta9$ ! mo/ p]fect =m possible to man8 ,! purpose ( man's life1 !n1 is 8to picture ! ,ideas 9 8 s\l40 ,= 8only wisdom c add to 8 inn] /r5g? & raise him f l[ to high e/ate2 = he 0 a man pot5tially1 & has n[ become a man actually1 & man be=e he ?9ks & acquires k is e/eem$ an animal40#aje ,b if ?is is s1 c we /ill ask :at is ! highe/ moral duty & :at is ! mo/ p]fect moral good8 ,obvi\sly1 !re is no high] moral duty ?an ?is3 t man /rive to fulfil t purpose = :i* he 0 creat$2 & !re is no m p]fect moral good ?an ! fulfilm5t ( t purpose4 ,all o!r human activities are only 8to pres]ve man's exi/5ce1 to ! end t t "o activity may be fulfill$40#ajf ,"h1 !n1 we rea* a new moral crit]ion & a complete 8transvaluation ( values0 z reg>ds human actions 9 _! moral aspect4 ,e action has a moral value1 :e!r positive or negative1 only 9 s f> z x helps or h9d]s man 9 8 ef=t to fulfil ! purpose ( 8 be+--! actualisation ( 8 intellect4 8,good0 9 ! moral s5se is all t helps to ?is end2 8evil0 is all t h9d]s4 ,if we det]m9e accord+ to ?is view ! positions ( good actions 9 ! e?ical scale1 we %all f9d t high] & l[] h *ang$ places4 ,at ! v top1 ( c\rse1 w /& t "o activity :i* leads direct to ! goal--! appreh5sion ( et]nal ,be+ by rational pro(3 t is to say1 ! /udy ( physics & metaphysics4 ,bel[ ?is ! scale bifurcates into ! two ma9 l9es ( /udy & action4 ,9 ! sph]e ( /udy1 ma!matics & logic h special moral importance1 because k ( ^! sci5ces is a necess>y prelim9>y to ! und]/&+ ( ,be+ by rational pro(4 ,bel[ !m come subjects :i* h a practical object 7e?ics1 etc473 = ! actions ) :i* ^! subjects deal are !mselves only means to ! atta9m5t ( ! supreme end1 & !re=e ! /udy ( ^! subjects is b a means to a means4#ajg ,9 ! sph]e ( action1 aga91 !re are diff]5t degrees4 ,^? human actions :i* h z _! object ! satisfaction ( bodily ne$s h positive moral value only 9 a limit$ s5se3 9 s f> z !y effectively keep (f physical pa9 & m5tal di/raction1 & ?us all[ a man to give himself untr\bl$ to ! pursuit ( ! ,ideas4#ajh ,above ^! are actions :i* are connect$ ) 8p]fection ( "*10 because t p]fection is necess>y = ! atta9m5t ( true wisdom4 8,= :ile man pursues aft] 8 lu/s1 & makes feel+ ma/] ov] intellect1 & enslaves 8 reason to 8 passions1 ! div9e p[]--t is1 ,reason--_c become 840#aji ,h5ce ev5 p]fection ( "* has no absolute moral value1 any m ?an o!r ?+s :i* app]ta9 to practical life4 ,! moral value ( ev]y?+ is det]m9$ by its relation to ! fulfilm5t ( ! intellectual purpose1 & by t alone4#aaj ,/>t+ f ?is /&po9t1 ,maimonides lays d[n ! pr9ciple t virtue is 8! mean :i* is equidi/ant f bo? extremes40#aaa ,?is pr9ciple is tak51 ( c\rse1 f ,ari/otle's doctr9e ( virtue4 ,b ,ari/otle did n set up a high] moral crit]ion by ref]5ce to :i* ! mean po9t c\ld be det]m9$ 9 e case4 ,= him all virtue 0 really b a code ( good mann]s to :i* ! polite ,greek %\ld con=m1 be+ enabl$ by 8 own good ta/e to fa/5 in/9ctively on ! po9t equidi/ant f ! ugl9ess ( ! two extremes4 ,n s ,maimonides1 ! ,jew4 ,he made ?is pr9ciple ! basis ( morality 9 ! true s5se1 because he c\pl$ ) x a =mulation ( ! supreme moral end4 ,?is moral end1 = :i* ! virtues are a prep>ation1#aab compels u & enables u to di/+ui% betwe5 ! extremes & ! mean4 ,= ! extremes1 be+ apt to impair physical heal? or m5tal peace1 prev5t a man f fulfill+ 8 intellectual function2 ! mean is t :i* helps him on 8 road4#aac ,b ) all ?is we h n yet a complete answ] to our "q ab\t ! purpose ( ! exi/5ce ( ! human race z a :ole4 ,we "k t ! human race really consi/s ( two diff]5t species3 8pot5tial man0 & 8actual man40 ,! second species1 inde$1 does n come into exi/5ce f ! />t z an indep5d5t species1 b is produc$ by developm5t out ( ! fir/4 ,b ?is developm5t is a v long "o1 & dep5ds on _m conditions :i* are difficult ( fulfilm5t1 s t only a few m5--sometimes only 8"o 9 a g5]ation0--are privileg$ to complete x1 :ile ! great majority ( mank9d rema9s always at ! /age ( 8pot5tial man40 ,?us ! "q rema9s3 ,:at is ! purpose ( ! exi/5ce ( ! great mass ( m5 8:o _c picture ! ,idea 9 _! s\ls08 ,= :5 we say t all mat]ial ?+s exi/ = ! sake ( ! exi/5ce ( man1 we d n mean t all o!r ?+s are b a 8necess>y evil10 an evil incid5tal to ! production ( ! desir$ end--9 o!r words1 m]ely ,nature's unsuccessful exp]im5ts 9 h] /ruggle t[>ds 8! production ( ! mo/ p]fect be+ t c be produc$10 l ! _m imp]fect specim5s ( 8 art t ! inexp]t artific] turns out be=e he succe$s 9 creat+ "o t is p]fect4 ,we _c s reg>d !m 9 ! face ( ! evid5ce t we h ( ! wond]ful wisdom ( creative nature1 :i* proves t ! ,artific] c d 8 "w 9 ! way be/ fitt$ to a*ieve 8 object4 ,we mu/ !re=e assume t 8?+s d n exi/ = no?+02 t ,nature1 9 h] progress t[>ds ! production ( ! mo/ p]fect be+1 has =m$ all o!r ?+s = ! b5efit ( t mo/ p]fect be+1 :e!r = food or 8= 8 advantage o!rwise ?an by way ( food10 9 su* a way t ! sum-total ( ?+s 9 ! inf]ior _w is n m]ely a ladd] by :i* to asc5d to ! production ( man1 b also a means to secure ! p]man5ce ( man :5 once he has be5 produc$4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t all ! millions ( m5 8:o _c picture ! ,idea 9 _! s\ls0 _c be void ( purpose1 l ! spoilt creations ( ! arti/1 :i*1 n be+ suit$ to _! object1 are left ly+ ab\t until !y p]i% ( !mselves4 ,!re mu/ ( necessity be "s advantage 9 _! exi/5ce1 z 9 t ( ! o!r k9ds ( creat$ ?+s4 ,:at1 !n1 is ?is advantage8 ,! answ] is impli$ 9 ! "q4 8,pot5tial man10 l o!r e>?ly ?+s1 exi/s )\t d\bt = ! b5efit ( ! 8p]fect be+10 ( 8actual man40 ,9 con=mity ) ?is view ,maimonides lays x d[n t 8^! m5 exi/ = two reasons4 ,fir/1 to s]ve ! "o man 7! #8p]fect'73 = man has _m wants1 & ,me?uselah's life 7 n long en\gh to le>n all ! crafts :]e( a man has absolute ne$ = 8 liv+3 & :5 %\ld he f9d leisure to le>n & to acquire wisdom8 ,! re/ ( mank9d1 !re=e1 exi/s to set "r ^? ?+s t are necess>y to !m 9 ! commonweal?1 to ! end t ! ,wise ,man may f9d 8 ne$s provid$ = & t wisdom may spread4 ,& secondly1 ! man )\t wisdom exi/s because ! ,wise are v few1 & !re=e ! masses 7 creat$ to make a society = ! ,wise1 t !y be n lonely40#aad ,?us ! exi/5ce ( ! majority ( mank9d has a purpose ( its own1 :i* is diff]5t f t ( ! exi/5ce ( ! *os5 m9ority4 ,?is m9ority is an end 9 itself--x is ! embodim5t ( ! mo/ p]fect =m 9 ! inf]ior _w2 :]eas ! purpose ( ! majority lies n 9 its own exi/5ce1 b 9 ! fact t x creates ! conditions necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( ! m9ority3 x creates1 t is1 human society ) all its cultural possessions 79 ! mat]ial s5se71 )\t :i* x is impossible t wisdom %\ld spread4 ,?us we h introduc$ into e?ics a new elem5t--! social elem5t4 ,= if ea* man c\ld atta9 ! degree ( 8actual man0 )\t dep5d5ce on ! help ( human society = ! provision ( 8 ne$s1 ! moral crit]ion w\ld be purely individual4 ,ea* man w\ld be free to apply = himself ! =mula at :i* we arriv$ above3--all t helps me to fulfil my intellectual function is = me morally good2 all t h9d]s me is = me morally evil4 ,b if ! atta9m5t ( ! supreme end is possible only = ! few1 & is possible = !m only ?r\gh ! exi/5ce ( ! society ( ! _m1 :i* has = its function ! creation ( ! conditions mo/ fav\rable to ! production ( ! p]fect be+3 !n we are confront$ ) a new moral crit]ion1 social 9 "*4 ,all t helps t[>ds ! p]fection ( society 9 ! mann] requir$ = ! fulfilm5t ( its function is morally good2 all t ret>ds ?is developm5t is morally evil4 ,?is moral crit]ion is b9d+ = ! m9ority & ! majority alike4 ,! majority1 ^: exi/5ce has no purpose beyond _! p>ticipation 9 ! "w ( society1 c obvi\sly h no o!r moral crit]ion ?an ! social4 ,b ev5 ! m9ority1 ?\gh !y are capable ( atta9+ ! supreme end1 & h !re=e an individuali/ic moral crit]ion1 are none ! less b\nd to subord9ate !mselves to ! social crit]ion :]e ! two are 9 conflict4 ,= z society becomes m p]fect1 & ! mat]ial basis is provid$ ) less exp5diture ( ef=t1 s mu* ! great] w be ! possibility ( produc+ ! p]fect be+ ) m regul>ity & frequ5cy4 ,h5ce f ! po9t ( view ( ! supreme end ( ! :ole human race--& t is ! s\rce ( moral duty--! well-be+ ( society is m important ?an t ( an individual man1 ev5 ?\gh he belong to ! p]fect few4#aae ,f ?is po9t ( view all bran*es ( man's "w :i* fur!r ! p]fection ( society & ! light5+ ( ! burd5 ( life's ne$s h a moral value1 because !y help m or less to create t environm5t :i* is necess>y = ! realisation ( ! mo/ p]fect =m 9 ! *os5 few4 ,h5ce1 to take "o in/ance1 ,maimonides reckons ! f9e arts among ! ?+s t fur!r ! atta9m5t ( mank9d's end 7?\gh naturally beauty has 9 8 sy/em no indep5d5t value73 8= ! s\l gr[s we>y & ! m9d is confus$ by ! con/ant contemplation ( ugly ?+s1 j z ! body gr[s we>y 9 do+ heavy "w1 until x re/ & be refre%$1 & !n x returns to its normal condition3 s does ! s\l also ne$ to take ?\ght = ! repose ( ! s5ses by contemplat+ pleasant ?+s until its we>9ess is dispell$40 ,?us 8! mak+ ( sculptures & pictures 9 build+s1 vessels1 & g>m5ts0 is n 8wa/$ "w40#aaf ,to sum up3 society /&s betwe5 ! two species ( m5 & l9ks !m toge!r4 ,= ! 8actual man0 society is a means to ! atta9m5t ( 8 end2 = ! 8pot5tial man0 x is ! purpose ( 8 own be+4 ,! 8pot5tial man10 !n1 be+ 9 himself b a transi5t ?+1 :i* comes into be+ & ceases to be1 l all o!r liv+ ?+s1 mu/ cont5t himself ) ! com=t+ k t 8 fleet+ exi/5ce is aft] all n wa/$1 because he is a limb ( ! social body :i* gives bir? to ! immortal p]fect be+s1 & 8 "w1 9 :atev] sph]e1 helps to produce ^! p]fect be+s4 ,?us ,maimonides gets back to ! view ( e>ly ,judaism1 :i* made ! life ( society ! purpose ( ! life ( ! individual1 al?\gh at fir/ he seem$ to div]ge widely f x 9 sett+ up ! "o 8p]fect man10 ! possessor ( 8acquir$ intellect10 z ! sole end ( ! life ( humanity at l>ge4 ,x is possible1 inde$1 at fir/ sight to f9d a c]ta9 resemblance betwe5 ,maimonides' e?ics & ano!r doctr9e :i* has rec5tly ga9$ su* wide curr5cy--! doctr9e ( ,nietzs*e4 ,bo? conceive ! purpose ( human exi/5ce to lie 9 ! creation ( ! mo/ p]fect human type2 & bo? make ! majority a tool ( t m9ority 9 :i* ! supreme type is realis$4 ,b 9 fact ! two doctr9es are ess5tially diff]5t1 & ! resemblance is only ext]nal4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,nietzs*e's ,sup]man is q unlike ,maimonides' ,sup]man 9 "*4 ,nietzs*e1 ,hell5ic 9 _s1 f9ds ! highe/ p]fection 9 a p]fect h>mony ( all bodily & spiritual excell5ces4 ,b ,maimonides1 true to ! _s ( ,judaism1 conc5trates on "o c5tral po9t1 & gives pre-em95ce to a spiritual elem5t--t ( intellect4 ,& secondly1 ! relation ( 8 8actual man0 to society is diff]5t f t ( ,nietzs*e's ,sup]man4 ,! ,sup]man seeks an outlet = 8 p[]s 9 ! _w outside him2 he /rives to embody 8 w 9 action1 & tol]ates no ob/acle 9 8 pa?4 ,he is !re=e et]nally at w> ) human society2 = society puts a limit to 8 w & sets ob/acles on 8 pa? by means ( its moral laws1 :i* h be5 fram$ n to suit 8 individual ne$s1 b to suit ! ne$s ( ! majority4 ,maimonides' 8actual man10 on ! contr>y1 aims n at embody+ 8 w 9 ! ext]nal _w1 b at p]fect+ 8 =m 9 8 inn] _w4 ,he dem&s no?+ ( society except t x satisfy 8 elem5t>y wants1 & s leave him at peace to pursue 8 inn] p]fection4 ,he does n !re=e reg>d society z 8 enemy4 ,on ! contr>y1 he sees 9 society an ally1 )\t ^: aid he _c atta9 8 end1 & ^: well-be+ w secure 8 own4 ,,ii ,s f> ,i h purposely refra9$ f br++ ! religi\s elem5t into ! e?ics ( ,maimonides1 ) ! object ( %[+ t he really bas$ 8 view ( human life on philosophy alone1 & did n give way a s+le in* 9 ord] to effect a compromise betwe5 8 philosophy & ! religi\s ideas :i* 7 accept$ by ,jews 9 8 "t4 ,none ! less1 !re is no d\bt t ,maimonides 0 a religi\s man1 & believ$ 9 ! div9ity ( ! ,law ( ,moses3 only 8 idea ( ! nature ( religion1 its function & its value1 0 a new "o1 & diff]$ entirely f ! accept$ idea1 because "h also1 9 ! sph]e ( religion itself1 he rema9$ fai?ful to ^? fundam5tal axioms on :i* he bas$ 8 moral sy/em4 ,does philosophy leave any room = a belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( a reveal$ religion--t is to say1 9 a ,law giv5 to m5 by ,god ?r\gh a sup]natural revelation ( himself to "o or to _m individuals8 ,?is "q turns on ano!r3 ,is ! exi/5ce ( ! _w indep5d5t ( "t & ext]nal cause1 or is x ! result ( a creative act ( ,god1 z ! ,p5tateu* tea*es8 ,accord+ to ! fir/ view1 8ev]y?+ 9 ! ,univ]se is ! result ( fix$ laws1 ,nature does n *ange1 & !re is no?+ sup]natural40 ,!re is !re=e no room = revelation1 :i* upsets ! ord] ( nature1 & 8! :ole tea*+ ( ,scripture w\ld be reject$40 ,b if ! _w is ! result ( a creative act1 & nature is consequ5tly no?+ b a revelation ( ! div9e w1 made 9 su* "t & place z ,god's wisdom decre$1 !n x is no long] impossible t ! div9e w %\ld "o day reveal itself a second "t 9 a sup]natural mann]4 ,h5ce1 8accept+ ! ,creation1 we f9d t 444 revelation is possible1 & t e difficulty 9 ?is "q is remov$40 ,= if we ask3 8,:y has ,god inspir$ a c]ta9 p]son & n ano!r8 ,:y has he reveal$ 8 ,law to "o p>ticul> nation1 & at "o p>ticul> "t80 & s =?--8,we answ] to all ^! que/ions3 ,he will$ x s2 or1 ,8 wisdom decid$ s4 ,j z he creat$ ! _w accord+ to 8 w1 at a c]ta9 "t1 9 a c]ta9 =m1 & z we d n und]/& :y 8 w or 8 wisdom decid$ ^u t peculi> =m1 & ^u t peculi> "t1 s we d n "k :y 8 w or 8 wisdom det]m9$ any ( ! ?+s m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ que/ions40#aag ,maimonides gave mu* ?\ght to ! "q ( ! creation ( ! _w1 & exam9$ x f e side4 ,he tri$ to asc]ta9 :e!r !re 0 any?+ conclusive 9 ! evid5ces adduc$ by 8 pr$ecessors 9 fav\r ( ! et]nity ( ! _w or ( its creation2 & he did n scruple to av[ t if he _h f\nd a conv9c+ pro( ( ! et]nity ( ! _w he w\ld n h reject$ x out ( respect = ! ,torah4 ,b purely philosophic inve/igation l$ him to ! conclusion t !re 0 really no conv9c+ pro( "o way or ! o!r4 ,see+ !n1 he says1 t 8! et]nity ( ! univ]se has n be5 demon/rat$1 !re is no ne$ to reject ,scripture10 & we may believe 9 ! creation !ory1 :i* has 8! au?ority ( ,prophecy10 )\t any s9 aga9/ our reason4#aah ,b :5 once we h adopt$ ! creation !ory1 revelation becomes possible1 & !re is no?+ to prev5t our hold+ ! belief :i* our nation has accept$ ?r\gh\t its hi/ory3 t at a def9ite po9t 9 "t ! ,law 0 giv5 to our p f heav5 ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ! *ief ( ! ,prophets1 :o receiv$ a unique inspiration f ! div9e s\rce1 & 0 taught :at to tell 8 p 9 ! "n ( ,god4#aai ,x is n relevant 7z we h se5 above7 to ask :y ?is ,law 0 giv5 to u & n to o!rs1 at t p>ticul> "t & at no o!r4 ,b x is relevant to ask :at is ! purpose ( ?is ,law & :at b5efit x 0 meant to produce4 ,= x c sc>cely be suppos$ t ,god w\ld int]f]e ) ! ord] ( nature = no advantage or object2 & if we _c und]/& ! work+ ( ! div9e wisdom 9 e detail1 we mu/ & we c =m = ourselves "s g5]al conception ( ! object = :i* ! div9e tea*+ 0 giv5 to u & ! way 9 :i* x c help m5 to atta9 _! end4#abj ,n[ x is cle> t ! div9e tea*+1 :e!r on its !oretical or on its practical side1 _c lead a man /raight to 8 supreme goal--! rais+ ( 8 intellect f pot5tiality to actuality4 ,= ?is goal1 z we "k1 is to be atta9$ n by good actions1 & n ev5 by ! receiv$ k ( tru?1 b only by ! activity ( ! intellect itself1 :i* mu/ arrive at tru? by ! long road ( sci5tific pro(4 ,& if religion _c raise its foll[]s to ! /age ( 8actual man0 9 a direct way1 we mu/ conclude t its :ole purpose is to prep>e ! in/rum5t :i* is necess>y = ! atta9m5t ( t end3 to wit1 human society1 :i* creates ! environm5t ( ! 8actual man40 ,! aim ( religion1 !n1 is 8to regulate ! s\l & ! body0 ( society at l>ge1 s z to make x capable ( produc+ ! greate/ possible numb] ( 8actual m540 ,to ?is end religion mu/ necess>ily be popul>3 its tea*+s & prescriptions mu/ be aim$ n at ! *os5 few1 :o /rive aft] ultimate p]fection1 b at ! great mass ( society4 ,to ?is mass x mu/ give1 9 ! fir/ place1 true op9ions 9 a =m suit$ to ! intellig5ce ( ! _m2 secondly1 a code ( morals1 individual & social1 :i* makes = ! heal? ( society & ! prosp]ity ( its memb]s2 & ?irdly1 a code ( religi\s obs]vances int5d$ to educate ! _m by keep+ ^! true op9ions & moral duties con/antly be=e _! m9ds4#aba ,9 ^! ?ree ways--! ?ird ( :i* is m]ely ancill>y to ! o!r two--religion aims at rais+ ! cultural level ( society1 s z to make a cle> road = ! p]fect individual3 to provide him f ! beg9n+ ( 8 life ) an environm5t ( correct op9ions & good morals1 & save him f ! necessity ( fritt]+ away 8 /r5g? 9 a tw(old battle--aga9/ ! evil conditions ( a corrupt society1 & aga9/ false op9ions implant$ 9 himself by t society4 ,religion is !re to save him f ?is battle aga9/ corruption )\t & falsehood )93 to secure t z soon z he %[s ! ability & ! w to atta9 p]fection he %all f9d fav\rable conditions prep>$ = him1 & proce$ t[>ds 8 goal )\t let or h9drance4 ,?is 0 h[ ,maimonides conceiv$ ! function ( ! div9e religion2 ?is 0 h[ he 0 b\nd to conceive x1 8 philosophy be+ :at x 04 ,b z he 0 also p]suad$ by v>i\s reason$ pro(s t ! ,law ( ,moses 0 ! div9e religion1#abb he c\ld obvi\sly h no d\bt t ?is ,law mu/ conta9 on its !oretical side ! 8true op9ions0 7t is1 ^? philosophical op9ions :i* he consid]$ true71 albeit 9 popul> =m1 & on its practical side a moral doctr9e = ! individual & = society :i* 0 adapt$ to ! end desid]at$ by 8 philosophy1 toge!r ) ! =m ( religi\s obs]vance be/ calculat$ to educate society 9 ! "r op9ions & ! "r morality4 ,x is at ?is po9t t ,maimonides' task becomes difficult4 ,arm$ ) ?is a priori judgm5t1 he comes to close qu>t]s ) ! ,torah3 & he f9ds t 9 _m matt]s1 bo? ( !ory & ( practice1 x is1 if tak5 at its face value1 diametrically oppos$ to :at 8 pre-conceiv$ ideas w\ld lead him to expect4 ,! beliefs embodi$ 9 ! ,torah seem to be directly oppos$ to ! mo/ fundam5tal philosophical tru?s ( ,maimonides' sy/em2 ! actions prescrib$ 9 ! ,torah conta9 mu* t x is difficult to reconcile ) ! social purpose ( ! div9e religion z conceiv$ by t sy/em4 ,:at c\rse1 !n1 0 op5 to ,maimonides8 ,to compromise betwe5 philosophical & religi\s tru?1 z _m _h done be=e1 0 = him impossible4 ,= e compromise means simply t bo? sides give way2 & h[ c\ld ,maimonides1 ) 8 conviction t ! atta9m5t ( tru? by means ( pro( is ! end ( human exi/5ce & ! only way to et]nal happ9ess1 give up "o jot ( ?is tru? = ! sake ( ano!r tru?1 ( inf]ior value inasmu* z x has come to u only ?r\gh tradition8 ,?us he has b "o possible c\rse4 ,necessity compels him to subdue religion absolutely to ! dem&s ( philosophy3 9 o!r words1 to expla9 ! words ( ! ,torah ?r\gh\t 9 con=mity ) ! tru? ( philosophy1 & to make ! ,torah fulfil 9 e "p ! function :i* philosophy imposes on x4 ,?is necessity work$ wond]s4 ,by d9t ( enorm\s lab\r ,maimonides discov]$ v>i\s extraord9>y ways ( int]pret+ ! ,torah2 ) wond]ful skill he f\nd support = 8 int]pretations 9 words & phrases scatt]$ ab\t ! ,scriptures & ! ,talmud2 until at la/ he succe$$ 9 mak+ religion :at x _h to be accord+ to 8 belief4 ,?is is n ! place to expla9 ,maimonides' me?ods ( exegesis 9 detail4 ,= u to-day !y are b a sort ( monum5t to ! weakness ( ! writt5 ^w 9 ! face ( a liv+ psy*ological =ce :i* dem&s t 8yes0 %all become 8no0 & 8no0 be turn$ into 8yes40 ,?is psy*ological =ce l$ ,maimonides to turn ! 8liv+ ,god0 ( ! ,torah into an ab/ract philosophical conception1 empty ( all cont5t except a collection ( negations2 to make ! 8,righte\s ,man0 ( ,judaism a philosoph] bless$ ) 8acquir$ intellect02 to trans=m ! 8future _w0 ( ! ,talmud into ! union ( ! acquir$ intellect ) ! 8active intellect02 to metamorphose ! ,biblical p5alty ( 8cutt+ (f0 into ! disappe>ance ( ! =m :5 ! matt] is resolv$3 & s =?4 ,all ?is he did 9 con=mity ) 8 8philosophic tru?10 ( :i* he refus$ to *ange "o atom4#abc ,s1 too1 ) ! practical side ( religion4 ,only 9 a v r\ndab\t way c\ld practical religion be br\ght "u ! g5]al pr9ciples :i* ,maimonides d$uc$ f 8 philosophy4 ,! difficulty 0 especially great 9 ! case ( ! laws ( religi\s wor%ip1 _m ( :i* h no app>5t educative value z a means ( confirm+ true op9ions & morality4 ,b "h also necessity did its "w1 & ,maimonides manag$ to f9d educational 8reasons0 = all ! religi\s laws1 n except+ ^? :i* seem on ! face ( !m actually to confirm false op9ions & to ar\se incl9ations oppos$ to morality--su* z1 = in/ance1 sacrifices & ! accompany+ rites4#abd ,none ! less1 he 0 compell$ aft] all 8 h>d lab\r to lay d[n ?is /range axiom3 t !re is a reason = ! comm&m5ts 9 a g5]al way1 b n = _! details1 ^! hav+ be5 orda9$ only because !re c be no univ]sal )\t p>ticul>s ( "s k9d or o!r4#abe ,maimonides _h an easi] task 9 br++ ! moral laws ( ! ,torah )9 8 sy/em4 ,9 !mselves ^! laws dem&$ z a rule no h]oic exegesis to %[ _! utility = ! social ord]3 inde$1 ! ,torah (t5 emphasises ?is utility1 :i* 9 any case is self-evid5t 9 mo/ comm&m5ts ( ?is class4 ,b 9 arrang+ ^! comm&m5ts 9 ord] ( moral value ,maimonides 0 compell$ to co]ce religion by 8 *>act]i/ic me?ods into con=mity ) 8 sy/em1 accord+ to :i* good actions--:e!r moral or religi\s--are ( an inf]ior ord]1 hav+ no value except t ( a necess>y prep>ation ( ! individual & ( society = ! atta9m5t ( ! supreme moral good1 ! p]fection ( intellect4 ,?is attitude ( ,maimonides t[>ds moral actions1 :i* we h met already z a philosophical po/ulate1 is j z /rongly ma9ta9$ aft] su* actions h be5 inve/$ ) a religi\s sanctity4 ,h5ce religion affects ,maimonides' philosophical e?ics only to ?is ext5t1 t x makes all ! obs]vances ( religi\s wor%ip a moral duty1 equal 9 value to ! o!r moral duties1 because religi\s wor%ip is "o way ( lead+ mank9d to ! atta9m5t ( ! supreme moral good 9 ! *os5 individuals4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! 8div9e religion0--t is to say1 ! tea*+ ( ,judaism--accord+ to ! sy/em ( ,maimonides8 ,on its !oretical side x is popul> metaphysics1 & on its practical side social e?ics & pdagogics4 ,x _c br+ man to 8 ultimate p]fection2 its :ole function is to regulate society--t is1 ! masses--9 accordance ) ! requirem5ts ( ! p]fect man4 ,h5ce religion is n above reason1 b bel[ x3 j z ! masses1 = :om religion 0 made1 are bel[ ! p]fect man4 ,reason is ! supreme judge2 religion is absolutely subord9ate to reason1 & _c abrogate "o jot ( its decisions4 ,= ,god1 :o implant$ ! reason+ faculty 9 man1 t by x he might atta9 tru? & w9 et]nal ,be+1 c\ld n at ! same "t dem& ( man t he believe 9 some?+ oppos$ to t v tru? :i* is atta9$ by reason1 & is ! goal ( 8 exi/5ce & ! summit ( 8 happ9ess4 ,ev5 if a ,prophet works miracles 9 heav5 & e>?1 & requires u !re=e to believe t !re has be5 prophetically reveal$ to him "s 8div9e0 tru? :i* is oppos$ to reason1 we mu/ n believe him nor 8reg>d 8 signs40 8,= reason1 :i* decl>es 8 te/imony false1 is m to be tru/$ ?an ! eye :i* sees 8 signs40#abf ,b all ?is does n detract f ! g5]al & et]nal duty ( obs]v+ 9 practice all ! comm&m5ts ( ! div9e religion4 ,religion1 l nature1 is a creation ( ,god1 9 :i* ! div9e w is embodi$ 9 ! =m ( immutable laws4 ,& j z ! laws ( nature are et]nal & univ]sally valid1 admitt+ ( no exception1 ?\gh _! usefulness is only g5]al1 & 89 "s individual cases !y cause injury z well10 s also 8! div9e guidance conta9$ 9 ! ,torah mu/ be absolute & g5]al10 & does n suff] *ange or modification 8accord+ to ! diff]5t conditions ( p]sons & times40 ,= ! div9e creation is 8t :i* has ! absolute p]fection possible to its species02 & t :i* is absolutely p]fect _c be p]fect$ by *ange or modification1 b only made less p]fect4#abg ,religion1 x is true1 0 giv5 ?r\gh a ,prophet1 :o receiv$ ! div9e inspiration2 b :5 once x _h be5 giv5 x 0 plac$ outside ! scope ( creation1 & became1 l ,nature aft] its creation1 some?+ indep5d5t1 ) laws :i* c be inve/igat$ & und]/ood by ! function ( reason1 b _c be *ang$ or abrogat$ by ! function ( prophecy4 ,x may happ51 inde$1 t 9 accordance ) ! div9e w1 :i* 0 made an elem5t 9 ! nature ( ?+s :5 nature 0 creat$1 ! ,prophet c *ange ! ord] ( ! univ]se 9 "s p>ticul> detail = a mom5t1 s z to give a sign ( ! tru? ( 8 prophecy2#abh & simil>ly ! ,prophet c sometimes abrogate tempor>ily "s po9t ( ! ,law1 to meet "s special ne$ ( ! "t4 ,b j z ! ,prophet _c modify or *ange completely any law ( nature1 s he _c modify or *ange completely any law ( ! ,torah4 ,nor c he1 by 8 function ( prophecy1 decide betwe5 oppos+ views on a matt] :i* is capable ( diff]5t int]pretations1 because 8 op9ion on a "q ( ?is k9d is important by virtue ( 8 be+ a wise man1 & n by virtue ( 8 be+ a ,prophet1 & x is !re=e no m decisive ?an t ( ano!r wise man :o is n a ,prophet4 ,& 8if a ?\s& ,prophets1 all equal to ,elijah & ,eli%a1 held "o view1 & a ?\s& & "o wise m5 held ! opposite view1 we %\ld h to foll[ ! majority & decide accord+ to ! ?\s& & "o wise m5 & n accord+ to ! ?\s& v5]able ,prophets40 ,= 8,god has n p]mitt$ u to le>n f ,prophets1 b f wise m5 ( reason+ p[] & k40#abi ,:at ,i h said s f>1 9 ?is section & ! prec$+ "o1 is suffici5t1 ,i ?9k1 to give a cle> idea ( ! fundam5tal beliefs ( ,maimonides z to ! function ( man & 8 moral & religi\s duties4 ,b be=e we pass on to consid] h[ ,maimonides tri$ to make ^! ideas ! common prop]ty ( 8 p1 & :at m>k 8 sy/em has left on ! developm5t ( ,judaism1 x is wor? :ile to m5tion "h t ,maimonides himself has giv5 u ! ess5ce ( 8 sy/em 9 a p]fectly unmi/akable =m1 by divid+ m5 into v>i\s classes accord+ to _! position on ! scale ( p]fection4 ,he comp>es ! /riv+ ( man aft] ! p]fection ( 8 =m to ! /riv+ ( a k+'s subjects 8to be ) ! k+ 9 8 palace02 & us+ ?is simile he f9ds 9 mank9d six successive /ages1 z foll[s3-- #a4 ,m5 :o are outside ! c\ntry altoge!r--t is1 savages 8:o h no religion1 nei!r "o bas$ on speculation1 nor "o receiv$ by tradition40 ,!y are consid]$ 8z spee*less animals40 #b4 ,m5 8:o are 9 ! c\ntry10 b 8h _! backs turn$ t[>ds ! k+'s palace1 & _! faces 9 ano!r direction40 ,^! are 8^? :o possess religion1 belief & ?\ght1 b happ5 to hold false doctr9es1 :i* !y ei!r adopt$ 9 consequ5ce ( great mi/akes made 9 _! own speculations1 or receiv$ f o!rs :o misl$ !m4 ,because ( ^! doctr9es !y rec$e m & m f ! royal palace ! m !y seem to proce$4 ,^! are worse ?an ! fir/ class1 & "u c]ta9 circum/ances x may become necess>y to slay !m1 & to extirpate _! doctr9es1 9 ord] t o!rs %\ld n be misl$40 #c4 8,^? :o desire to arrive at ! palace1 & to ent] x1 b h nev] yet se5 x40 ,^! are 8! mass ( religi\s p2 ! multitude t obs]ve ! div9e comm&m5ts1 b are ignorant40 #d4 8,^? :o rea* ! palace1 & g r\nd ab\t 9 se>* ( ! entrance gate40 ,^! are 8^? :o believe traditionally 9 true pr9ciples ( fai?1 & le>n ! practical wor%ip ( ,god1 b are n tra9$ 9 philosophical treatm5t ( ! pr9ciples ( ! ,torah40 ,on ! same level ) !m are ^? :o 8are engag$ 9 /udy+ ! ,ma!matical ,sci5ces & ,logic40 #e4 ,^? :o 8h come into ! ante-*amb]0--t is1 8^? :o und]take to inve/igate ! pr9ciples ( religion10 or ^? :o h 8le>nt to und]/& ,physics40 #f4 ,^? :o h rea*$ ! highe/ /age1 t ( be+ 8) ! k+ 9 ! same palace40 ,^! are !y 8:o h ma/]$ ,metaphysics--:o h succe$$ 9 f9d+ a pro( = ev]y?+ t c be prov$--:o h a true k ( ,god1 s f> z true k c be atta9$1 & are ne> to ! tru? :]ev] only an approa* to ! tru? is possible40#acj ,9 ?is classification ,maimonides sets =? 8 e?ical sy/em 9 pla9 t]ms1 ) p]fect coldness & calm1 z ?\gh !re 7 no?+ />tl+ ab\t x4 ,we ( ! pres5t day feel our moral s5se p>ticul>ly outrag$ by 8 cruel treatm5t ( ! second class--8^? :o happ5 to hold false doctr9es0--?\gh we c und]/& t a logical ?9k] l ,maimonides1 :o always w5t ! :ole l5g? ( 8 convictions1 0 b\nd to draw ?is conclusion f 8 philosophical sy/em4 ,= t sy/em reg>ds 8true op9ions0 z some?+ mu* m ?an 8op9ions03 x attributes to !m ! wond]ful p[] ( turn+ ! reason+ faculty into a sep>ate & et]nal be+1 & sees !re=e 9 ! opposite op9ions a dang] to life 9 ! mo/ real s5se4 ,b 9 ,maimonides' day ! p]secution ( m5 = hold+ false op9ions 0 a common ?+ 7?\gh x 0 done 9 ! "n ( religion1 n ( philosophy72 & ev5 ?is piece ( philosophic ru?lessness creat$ no /ir & ar\s$ no contempor>y prote/4 ,:at did /ir contempor>y feel+ to its dep?s 0 ano!r conclusion involv$ 9 8 classification3 namely1 8t philosoph]s :o occupy !mselves ) physics & metaphysics are on a high] plane ?an m5 :o occupy !mselves ) ! ,torah40#aca ,:oev] kn[s 9 :at e/eem our ance/ors ( t p]iod held ! /udy ( ! ,torah w n be surpris$ t 8_m wise m5 & ,rabbis0 7 driv5 to ! conclusion t 8?is *apt] 0 n writt5 by ! ,ma/]1 or if x 01 x %\ld be suppress$1 or1 be/ ( all1 burnt40#acb ,poor1 simple m56 ,!y did n see t ?is *apt] c\ld n be ei!r suppress$ or burnt except 9 company ) all ! o!r *apt]s ( ,maimonides' sy/em1 :i* l$ him inevitably to ?is extreme conclusion4 ,b !re 7 o!r m5 9 ,israel :o saw m cle>ly1 & actually condemn$ all ! *apt]s to ! fire4 ,to !m we %all return lat]4 ,,iii ,! supremacy ( ,reason6 ,c we to-day1 aft] ! eighte5? & n9ete5? c5turies1 conceive h[ trem5d\s1 h[ fundam5tal a revolution ! phrase impli$ 9 ! "t ( ,maimonides8 ,we all "k t ! out/&+ *>act]i/ic ( ! human m9d 9 ! ,middle ,ages 0 its negative attitude to human reason1 its lack ( fai? 9 ! p[] ( reason to direct man's life & br+ him to ! goal ( real happ9ess4 ,reason 0 almo/ hat$ & despis$ z a dang]\s tempt] & s$uc]3 x l$ m5 away f ! pursuit ( tru? & goodness1 & 0 to be es*ew$ by all :o c>$ = _! s\ls4 ,fundam5tal que/ions ab\t life & ! univ]se _h to receive sup]-rational answ]s4 ,! simpl] & m reasonable ! answ]1 ! m suspect & ! less satisfactory x 02 ! /rang] ! answ]1 ! m viol5tly oppos$ to sane reason1 ! m cordial 0 its welcome & ! m ready its acceptance4 ,! fam\s ,cr$o quia absurdum ( "o ( ! ,*ur* fa!rs 0 ! c>d9al rule ( ?\ght = all cultur$ nations1 ,*ri/ian & ,mohamm$an alike4 ,nor _h ,judaism escap$ ! sway ( ?is pr9ciple4 ,n only ! mass ( ! p1 b ! lead]s & tea*]s1 g5]ally speak+1 believ$ 9 ! lit]al s5se ( ! ,scriptures & ! ,talmud1 ev5 :]e x 0 pla9ly contr>y to reason4 ,! co>se/ & crude/ ideas ab\t ! nature ( ! div9e p[] & its relation to m51 & ab\t ! s\l ( man & its future 9 8! _w to come0--ideas :i* reason _c tol]ate = a mom5t--7 almo/ univ]sally held2 & ev5 ^? le>n$ 9 ! ,law /aun*ly ma9ta9$ ^! ideas1 because s !y _h f\nd x writt5 9 ,bible or ,talmud1 & t :i* 0 writt5 0 above reason1 & no att5tion %\ld be paid to t impud5t sc(f]4 ,x foll[$ naturally f ?is fundam5tal po9t ( view t ! important ?+s 9 ! sph]e ( morals 7 to "k & to p]=m all t 0 writt54 ,! function ( reason 0 n to und]/& life & ! univ]se1 b to und]/& :at 0 writt5 ab\t life & ! univ]se4 ,! ?+ be/ wor? do+ = a ,jew 0 to pond] on ! writt5 ^w & to "w out its details1 !oretically & practically1 to inf9ity4#acc ,no d\bt "s ,jewi% tea*]s be=e ,maimonides _h tri$ to introduce into ,judaism m rational pr9ciples1 :i* !y _h d]iv$ f ,arabic philosophy4 ,b ^! attempts only affect$ details2 ! c>d9al pr9ciple rema9$ unt\*$4 ,reason rema9$ subord9ate to ! writt5 ^w2 its tru?s 7 /ill disc>d$ = ! high] tru? ( religion4 ,! ,gaon ,saadiah1 ! greate/ ( ! e>li] ,jewi% religi\s philosoph]s1 expla9s ! relation ( reason to religion by ! foll[+ simile3 8,a man weighs 8 money1 & f9ds t he has a ?\s& pieces40 ,he gives diff]5t sums to a numb] ( p1 & !n1 8wi%+ to %[ !m quickly h[ mu* he has left1 he says t he has five hundr$ pieces1 & (f]s to prove x by weigh+ 8 money4 ,:5 he weighs ! money--:i* takes little "t--& f9ds t x am\nts to five hundr$ pieces !y are b\nd to believe :at he told !m40 ,b !re may be among !m a p>ticul>ly cauti\s man1 :o wants to f9d ! am\nt left ov] by ! me?od ( calculation--t is1 by add+ toge!r ! v>i\s am\nts di/ribut$ & subtract+ _! sum f ! orig9al am\nt4#acd ,religion1 ( c\rse1 is ! weigh+ process1 :i* gives u ! tru? at once1 by a me?od :i* is direct & _c be que/ion$4 ,reason corresponds to calculation3 a cauti\s man ) pl5ty ( "t may use x to e/abli% a tru? :i* has already be5 prov$ to him by ! %ort & c]ta9 me?od ( weigh+4 ,b obvi\sly calculation _c *ange ! result :i* weigh+ has already giv52 & if !re is any diff]5ce 9 ! results1 ! weigh$ money w nei!r be increas$ nor dim9i%$1 & ! mi/ake mu/ be 9 ! calculation4 ,?is way ( reg>d+ reason & its relation to religion 0 common to all ! ,jewi% ?9k]s :o lab\r$1 be=e ,maimonides1 to reconcile religion & philosophy4 ,!y reg>d$ _! lab\r only z a necess>y evil4 ,!y %\ld]$ ! burd5 because !y saw t x _h to be done2 b 9 _! he>t ( he>ts !y 7 :olly on ! side ( religion1 & x nev] occurr$ to !m to give reason prec$5ce4#ace ,9 ?is respect !y 7 l ! ,arabic religi\s philosoph]s2 & l !m !y *ose ! philosophical views :i* confirm$ _! religi\s fai? r ?an ^? :i* 7 confirm$ by reason4 8,!y did n inve/igate10 writes ,maimonides1 je]+ at 8philosoph]s0 ( ?is k9d1 8! real prop]ties ( ?+s2 fir/ ( all !y consid]$ :at mu/ be ! prop]ties ( ! ?+s :i* %\ld yield pro( = or aga9/ a c]ta9 cre$40 ,!y =got 8t ! prop]ties ( ?+s _c adapt !mselves to our op9ions1 b our op9ions mu/ be adapt$ to ! exi/+ prop]ties40#acf ,if we rememb] t ?is 0 ! g5]al attitude ( m9d1 we _c help ask+ h[ x c\ld happ5 t 9 su* a p]iod & 9 su* an atmosph]e ,maimonides arriv$ at ! doctr9e ( ! supremacy ( reason 9 its mo/ uncompromis+ =m4 ,no d\bt1 if we c>e to be satisfi$ ) any answ] t comes to h&1 we may say t ,maimonides1 />t+ out ) a pr$isposition 9 fav\r ( ! ,arabic v]sion ( ! ,ari/otelian philosophy1 & a /]nly logical m9d1 c\ld n /op half-way1 or fail to see ! logical consequ5ces ( ,ari/otelianism4 ,b :5 we obs]ve h[1 ) a devotion f> great] ?an t ( 8 non-,jewi% tea*]s1 he set himself to develop & ext5d ! idea ( ! supremacy ( reason till x became a complete1 all-embrac+ !ory ( life2 & :5 we rememb] also 8 love = ! tea*+s ( ,judaism1 :i* ought to h induc$ 9 him a disposition n to ext5d ! empire ( reason1 b to re/rict x3 we are =c$ to confess t logic alone c\ld nev] h produc$ ?is ph5om5on4 ,!re mu/ h be5 "s psy*ological =ce1 "s inn] motive p[]1 to make ,maimonides s extreme & uncompromis+ a *ampion ( reason4 ,we %all discov] :at ?is motive p[] 01 ,i ?9k1 if we take acc\nt ( ! political position ( ! ,jews at t "t4 ,x 0 a "t :5 religi\s fanaticism 0 rife among ! ,moslems4 ,9 _m c\ntries to pr(ess ano!r religion meant dea?1 & l>ge numb]s ( ,jews1 :o c\ld ) difficulty *ange _! place ( abode1 accept$ ,mohamm$anism1 ?\gh b outw>dly4 ,"o ( ^! c\ntries 0 ,s\!rn ,spa91 ! bir?place ( ,maimonides1 :o 0 a boy ( ?irte5 :5 religi\s p]secution broke out 9 t c\ntry4 ,x may or may n be true1 z rec5t hi/orians ma9ta91 t he & 8 fa!r & ! :ole family *ang$ _! religion "u compulsion3 ! "q has n yet be5 def9itely settl$4 ,b !re is no d\bt t ev5 if he 0 sav$ by "s means f an op5 *ange ( fai?1 he 0 at any rate =c$ to conceal 8 ,judaism1 = fe> ( oppression1 s long z he liv$ 9 ,spa9 & 9 ,fez 7:]e religi\s p]secution fir/ />t$1 & fanaticism _h its /ronghold74 ,x 0 only 9 ,egypt t 8 tr\bles ceas$1 & :5 he rea*$ ,egypt he 0 already ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age4 ,?is1 !n1 0 ! t]rible position 9 :i* ,maimonides sp5t 8 ye>s ( developm5t4 ,he 0 surr\nd$ by ly+ & religi\s hypocrisy2 ,judaism _h to hide f ! light ( day2 its adh]5ts _h to we> a mask :5ev] !y came out ( _! homes into ! op54 ,& :y8 ,because ,mohamm$ _h call$ himself a prophet1 _h p]=m$ miracles1 accord+ to 8 foll[]s1 to w9 _! fai?1 & by virtue ( 8 prophetic p[] _h promulgat$ a new ,law & reveal$ new tru?s1 :i* all m5 7 b\nd to believe1 al?\gh !y 7 contr>y to reason4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s 0 b\nd to make a pr(\nd impression on a "y man l ,maimonides1 ) 8 f9e nature & 8 devotion to tru?4 ,he c\ld n b feel e mom5t ! trag$y ( su* a life2 & !re=e he c\ld n b become viol5tly oppos$ to ! s\rce ( religi\s fanaticism--to t bl9d fai? 9 ! tru? ( prophecy :i* relies on sup]natural 8evid5ce10 & despises ! evid5ce ( reason4 ,x 0 ?is bl9d fai? t l$ ! ,moslems to =ce ! ,jews into accept+ ! tea*+ ( ! new prophet2 & x 0 ?is t l$ _m ( ^! v ,jews1 aft] !y _h gradually become accu/om$ to _! new situation1 to d\bt ( _! ,judaism & ask !mselves :y !y %\ld n be able to believe 9 ,mohamm$'s prophecy1 j z !y believ$ 9 t ( ,moses4 ,if ,moses _h p]=m$ miracles1 !n surely ,mohamm$ might h done ! same2 & h[ c\ld !y decide betwe5 ! "o tea*+ & ! o!r ) su* c]ta9ty z to pron\nce "o true & ! o!r false8#acg ,^! impressions1 :i* 7 con/antly influ5c+ ,maimonides' developm5t 9 8 *ildhood & y\?1 7 b\nd to sw+ him viol5tly ov] to ! o!r side1 to ! side ( reason4 ,ultimately he 0 l$ to subject man--& ,god too1 if "o may say s--to t supreme rul]3 because ,judaism c\ld tru/ reason nev] to all[ any new prophet ) 8 new tea*+ to "w x h>m4 ,:5 once ,judaism _h accept$ ! supremacy ( reason & h&$ ov] to reason ! seal ( tru?1 x w\ld nev] aga9 be difficult to %[ by rational pro( t ! fir/ div9e religion 0 also ! only div9e religion1 nev] to be displac$ or alt]$ till ! end ( "t2 & !n1 ev5 if t5 ?\s& prophets l ,mohamm$ came & p]=m$ miracles beyond tell+1 we %\ld nev] believe 9 _! new tea*+1 because "o pro( ( reason is /rong] ?an all ! pro(s ( prophecy4#ach ,p]haps1 too1 ,maimonides' rationalism is traceable to yet ano!r cause1 :i* lies l ! fir/ 9 ! situation ( ! =c$ conv]ts ( t p]iod4 ,^! m5 7 no d\bt able to obs]ve ! ,jewi% law )9 _! own homes2 ! ,moslems did n1 l ! ,*ri/ians lat]1 inv5t an ,inquisition to pry into e hole & corn]4 ,none ! less1 ,maimonides himself makes x cle> t ! ,jews 7 (t5 compell$ to break ! comm&m5ts ( _! ,law1 :5 !y c\ld n obs]ve !m )\t ar\s+ suspicion 9 ! m9ds ( ! au?orities4 ,?is naturally caus$ ! un=tunate ,jews great di/ress1 & drove "s ( !m to despair4 ,:at1 !y ask$ !mselves1 0 ! use ( rema9+ true to _! ance/ral fai? at he>t1 if !y c\ld n 9 practice keep cle> ( transgressions bo? great & small1 & mu/ 9 any case m]it ! pa9s ( hell8#aci ,x is reasonable1 !re=e1 to suppose t ?is pa9ful feel+ also help$ to lead ,maimonides--?\gh unconsci\sly--t[>ds ! doctr9e ( ! supremacy ( reason1 :i* tea*es t man's 8ultimate p]fection does n include any action or good conduct1 b only k0#adj--?us imply+ t man may w9 salvation by atta9+ to true op9ions1 ?\gh he is sometimes =c$ 9 practice to transgress ! comm&s ( religion4 ,h[ev] t may be1 :e!r = ^! reasons or = o!rs1 we d f9d t ,maimonides _h 8 sy/em p]fect$ & arrang$ 9 all its details ev5 9 8 e>ly days1 :5 he fir/ came out ( 8 /udy into public life1 & t he made sc>cely any *ange 9 x f t "t till ! day ( 8 dea?4#ada ,all 8 ef=ts w5t to ! propagation ( 8 tea*+ among 8 p1 & to ! endeav\r to repair by its means all ! %ortcom+s :i* he f\nd 9 contempor>y ,judaism4 ,^! %ortcom+s 7 great inde$4 ,judaism1 z ,maimonides f\nd x1 0 by no means fulfill+ its function z 8! div9e religion40 ,x 0 n 8true op9ions0 t ! p d]iv$ f ,judaism3 on ! contr>y1 !y _h come1 ?r\gh a lit]al acceptance ( all t x taught1 to hold false ideas ab\t ,god & man1 & _h !re=e by its means be5 remov$ /ill fur!r f p]fection4 ,ev5 ! practical duties ( morality & religion c\ld n easily be le>nt by ! p g5]ally f _! religi\s writ+s4 ,= 9 ord] to d$uce practice f !ory x 0 necess>y to navigate ! great ocean ( ! ,talmud1 & to sp5d ye>s on m9ute & tangl$ controv]sies--a task = ! few only1 n = ! masses4 ,"h1 !n1 0 an odd /ate ( ?+s4 ,! :ole purpose ( religion 0 to improve society at l>ge1 to speak to ! masses 9 a language :i* !y und]/ood2 b if ! masses c\ld n und]/& ! language ( religion1 & c\ld le>n f x nei!r true op9ions nor practical duties1 !n religion 0 n fulfill+ its function 9 society1 & its exi/5ce 0 useless4 ,?is /ate ( affairs produc$ 9 ,maimonides1 :ile he 0 /ill "y1 an ard5t desire to /& 9 ! brea* & make ,judaism fit to fulfil ! d\ble function--!oretical & practical--:i* x _h z ! only 8div9e religion40 ,= ?is purpose x 0 necess>y on ! "o h& to %[ ! :ole p1 9 a =m suit$ to its compreh5sion1 ! 8true op9ions0 conta9$ 9 ! ,torah1 & on ! o!r h& to rescue ! practical comm&m5ts f ! ocean ( ,talmudic disputation & to tea* !m 9 a %ort & simple mann]1 s t !y %\ld be easily rememb]$ & become famili> to ! p4 ,b 9 ^? e>ly days ,maimonides _h n ! c\rage to /rike out a new l9e & to pres5t ! :ole cont5t ( religion 9 an entirely fre% mann] 9 con=mity ) 8 philosophical sy/em4 ,h5ce he *ose a l9e :i* 0 already famili>1 & decid$ to supply ! ne$ ( 8 own age by ! help ( a book :i* 9 its "t _h be5 int5d$ to fulfil a some:at simil> purpose--! ,mi%nah4 ,?us x 0 9 ! =m ( a ,comm5t>y on ! ,mi%nah t he tri$ to give 8 contempor>ies :at !y lack$3 to wit1 cle> doctr9e & a pla9 rule ( practice4 ,:]ev] ! ,mi%nah leaves a po9t 9 d\bt1 he gives ! decision laid d[n 9 ! ,talmud2 & :]ev] ! ,mi%nah h9ts at "s !oretical op9ion1 he takes advantage ( ! opportunity to expla9 ! 8true op9ions40#adb ,?is latt] process 01 ( c\rse1 especially important to him2 & he sometimes expatiates on ! subject at mu* great] l5g? ?an is usual 9 a ,comm5t>y ( ! ord9>y k9d4#adc ,?us he 0 able to introduce into 8 ,comm5t>y1 besides a mass ( scatt]$ notes1 complete essays on que/ions ( fai? & philosophy 9 ! =m ( ,introductions to diff]5t sections ( ! ,mi%nah4#add ,maimonides gave a great deal ( "w to ?is ,comm5t>y1 :i* he began & f9i%$ 9 8 ye>s ( tr\ble & w&]+4 ,9 ! result he produc$ a ma/]piece1 :i* rema9s to ?is day sup]ior to all lat] ,comm5t>ies on ! ,mi%nah4 ,b he did n a*ieve ! pr9cipal object = :i* he took s mu* tr\ble3 he did n make religion effective4 ,8 ,comm5t>y did n become widely kn[n1 & made no great impression2 /ill less did x br+ ab\t a revolution 9 popul> op9ion1 z its au?or hop$ t x w\ld4 ,& x fail$ ( its object on ! practical z well z on ! !oretical side4 ,_m ( ! lat] laws1 :i* h no basis 9 ! ,mi%nah1 c\ld n be includ$ 9 x2 & ^? t 7 includ$ 7 scatt]$ ab\t 9 no prop] ord]1 because ! ,mi%nah itself has no /rict ord]4 ,b z ,maimonides grew old] & rea*$ middle life1 ye>s br\ght him wid] k & great] confid5ce 9 himself4 ,?is self-confid5ce gave him c\rage & decid$ him to approa* 8 goal by ano!r road4 ,he w\ld produce a "w ( /rik+ orig9ality1 su* z no ,jew _h ev] produc$ be=e4 ,s he set to "w on 8 ,mi%neh ,torah4 ,in/ead ( a ,comm5t>y on ! ,mi%nah ( ,r4 ,jehudah1 ,maimonides n[ produc$ a ,mi%nah ( 8 own1 new 9 cont5t z 9 arrangem5t4#ade ,"h he sets =? all ! practical laws ( religion & morality & all ! 8true op9ions0 9 ! =m be/ adapt$ to ! und]/&+ ( ord9>y m51 9 beautiful & cle> language & 9 p]fect logical ord]4 ,ev]y?+ is put 9 its "r place2 decisions are giv5 )\t hair-splitt+ argum5ts2 op9ions are set out untrammell$ by argum5ts or pro(s4 ,9 a ^w1 ! book pres5ts all t ! div9e religion ought to give 9 ord] to fulfil its function1 & pres5ts x 9 precisely ! "r mann]4#adf ,?is "t ,maimonides 0 ju/ifi$ 9 suppos+ t he _h fulfill$ 8 duty to 8 p & 8 religion1 & _h atta9$ ! end :i* he _h set be=e himself4 ,)9 a %ort "t ?is great book spread ?r\gh ! l5g? & bread? ( ,jewry1 & help$ consid]ably n only to make ! practical comm&m5ts m widely kn[n1 b also to purify & trans=m popul> religi\s notions4 ,views di/+ui%$ by _! fre$om & _! antagonism to curr5t religi\s ideas appe>$ "h 9 ! innoc5t guise ( canonical dicta2 & z !y 7 c\*$ 9 ! language ( ! ,mi%nah & 9 ! famili> t]m9ology ( ! old religi\s lit]ature1 p did n realise h[ f> !y 7 be+ c>ri$1 b swall[$ ! new ideas almo/ )\t resi/ance4 ,if ! dose 0 accept$ n z pure philosophy1 b z religi\s dogma1 t 0 precisely :at ,maimonides int5d$3 = accord+ to 8 sy/em religion 0 to tea* philosophical tru? to ! masses 9 ! guise ( 8div9e0 tru? :i* ne$$ no pro(4 ,b ,maimonides' "w 0 n yet complet$4 ,9 ! ,mi%neh ,torah he _h re=m$ religion s f> z its social function 0 conc]n$3 t is to say1 s f> z ! ne$s ( ! common p dem&$4 ,he _h /ill to re=m x f ! po9t ( view ( ! function ( society itself3 t is to say1 to meet ! ne$s ( ! *os5 few4 ,= ! common p x 0 necess>y to clo! philosophical tru? 9 religi\s g>b2 = ! few x 0 necess>y to d j ! rev]se--to discov] & expose ! philosophical tru? t lay b5ea? ! religi\s g>b4 ,= ?is m9ority1 consi/+ ( ^? :om 8human reason _h attract$ to abide )9 its sph]e0--:o _h le>nt & und]/ood ! prevail+ philosophy ( ! "t ) all its preambles & its pro(s--c\ld n help see+ ! deep gulf betwe5 philosophy & ,judaism 9 its lit]al acceptation4 ,x 0 impossible to hide ! inn] contradiction f su* m5 by means ( a sup]ficial gloss1 or to h>monise discrepancies ( detail by a g5]alisation4 ,:at !n %\ld "o ( ^! m5 d if he 7 n only a philosoph]1 b also 8a religi\s man :o has be5 tra9$ to believe 9 ! tru? ( our ,law08 ,he mu/ always be 9 a /ate ( 8p]plexity & anxiety40 8,if he be guid$ solely by reason 444 he w\ld consid] t he _h reject$ ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,law2 444 & if1 in/ead ( foll[+ 8 reason1 he ab&on its guidance altoge!r1 x w\ld /ill appe> t 8 religi\s convictions _h caus$ him loss & injury4 ,= he w\ld !n be left ) ^? errors i4e41 ^? d]iv$ f a lit]al int]pretation ( ,scripture1 & w\ld be a prey to fe> & anxiety1 con/ant grief & great p]plexity40#adg ,if we rememb] ,maimonides' conception ( ! 8actualisation0 ( intellect1 & h[ x obta9s indep5d5t exi/5ce ?r\gh und]/&+ ! ,ideas1 we %all see t he 0 b\nd to reg>d ?is p]plexity ( ! 8p]fect individuals0 z be+ 9 itself n m]ely some?+ undesirable1 b a grave dang] f ! po9t ( view ( ! supreme end ( mank9d4 ,= h[ c\ld ^! p]plex$ m5 atta9 to ! summit ( p]fection1 to 8acquir$ intellect10 if !y d\bt$ ! tru? ( reason because x did n squ>e ) ! tru?s ( religion1 ) ! result t subject & object c\ld n be unit$ 9 !m & become a s+le1 indivisible :ole8 ,if ! div9e tea*+ itself br+s 8loss & injury0 to ! *os5 few1 ! h>m t x does m ?an outweighs ! good t x has done 9 improv+ ! multitude & ?us remov+ social ob/acles f ! pa? ( ! few4 ,?is grave evil requir$ a rem$y2 ! 8p]plex$0 _h to be satisfi$ t !y c\ld devote !mselves peacefully to ! acquisition ( ! ,ideas1 )\t be+ di/urb$ by ! ?\ght t 9 s do+ !y 7 reject+ ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,law4 ,?is 0 ! task :i* ,maimonides set himself 9 8 la/ book1 ! ,guide = ! ,p]plex$4 ,! book is 9 a way 8 own confession ( fai?2 x %[s 8 p]plex$ pupils ! me?od by :i* he has succe$$ 9 escap+ f 8 own p]plexity4 ,aft] :at has be5 said above1 we ne$ n "h deal ) ?is book at l5g?4 ,! 8true op9ions0 :i* x conta9s h already be5 expla9$ 9 outl9e2 ! me?od by :i* ^! op9ions are discov]$ 9 ! ,torah has be5 broadly indicat$1 & ! details are n ess5tial to our pres5t purpose4 ,x does n matt] to u h[ ,maimonides subord9at$ religion to reason2 ! important ?+ is t he did subord9ate x4 ,f ?is po9t ( view we may put ! :ole tea*+ ( ! ,guide 9 a s+le s5t5ce4 8,foll[ reason & reason only10 he tells ! 8p]plex$10 8& expla9 religion 9 con=mity ) reason3 = reason is ! goal ( mank9d1 & religion is only a means to ! end40 ,_h ,maimonides writt5 ! ,guide be=e he wrote ! ,mi%neh ,torah1 he w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 pron\nc$ a h]etic1 & 8 book w\ld h made no deep impression ei!r 9 ! or?odox camp or 9 t ( ! d\bt]s4 ,! or?odox w\ld h turn$ _! backs on x & h /riv5 to blot out its memory1 z !y did ) s _m o!r books :i* !y ?\ght dang]\s to _! fai?2 & ! d\bt]s w\ld n h accept$ its views z a p]fect doctr9e1 b w\ld h reg>d$ x z m]ely an attempt on ! "p ( "o ( _! fell[-d\bt]s to escape f 8 p]plexity1 & an attempt :i* 9 _m details _h fail$ & c\ld n give entire satisfaction4 ,b 9 fact ! ,guide 0 writt5 aft] ! ,mi%neh ,torah1 :5 ,maimonides 0 already consid]$ ! greate/ expon5t ( ! ,law1 & enjoy$ an unequall$ reputation ?r\gh\t ! ,diaspora4 ,h5ce ev5 ! ,guide c\ld n de?rone him f 8 em95ce4 ,will+ly or unwill+ly1 8 contempor>ies accept$ ?is fur!r gift at 8 h&s4 ,! believ]s /orm$ & rag$ among !mselves1 b did n d>e to attack ,maimonides op5ly s long z he liv$4 ,! d\bt]s welcom$ ! book ) op5 arms2 !y did n /op to te/ or criticise1 b drank eag]ly ( ! com=t+ draught = :i* _! s\ls _h be5 ?ir/+4 ,x 0 n "s sophi/1 b ! greate/ sage 9 ,israel1 ! light ( ! ,exile1 :o w5t be=e !m l a pill> ( fire to illum9e _! pa?4 ,h[ c\ld !y b be satisfi$ ) su* a guide8 ,b ?+s *ang$ :5 ,maimonides' dea? fre$ ! zealots f ! re/ra9t ( fe>4 ,a fi]ce conflict broke out ab\t him1 & rag$ = a hundr$ ye>s4 ,! religi\s lead]s1 long accu/om$ to ban e book t did n suit _! views1 c\ld n possess _! s\ls 9 sil5ce :5 !y saw1 = ! fir/ "t 9 ,jewi% hi/ory1 t revolution>y books l ! ,guide & ! ,book ( ,sci5ce 7 spread abroad )\t let or h9drance1 & 7 m popul> & m e/eem$ by ! p at l>ge ?an almo/ any ( ! o!r books :i* ! tea*]s & sages ( ,israel _h plac$ 9 ! treasury ( ,judaism4#adh ,! details ( ?is conflict are famili> to s*ol>s1 & x is n my int5tion "h to write ! hi/ory ( t p]iod4 ,b x is wor? po9t+ out t mo/ ( ,maimonides' oppon5ts at t "t did n recognise cle>ly ! fundam5tal *ange :i* he _h introduc$ into ,judaism4 ,no d\bt !y all felt t 8 tea*+ meant a complete revolution 9 ! national outlook2 b !y did n all und]/& :at 0 ! pivotal issue ( ! revolution4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y m]ely po9t$ to c]ta9 details 9 :i* !y f\nd h]esy1 su* z ! d5ial ( resurrection1 ( hell & p>adise1 & s =?4 ,only a few ( !m und]/ood t ,maimonides' tea*+ 0 revolution>y n because ( 8 attitude on ?is or t p>ticul> "q1 b because he de?ron$ religion altoge!r f ! supreme judgm5t-seat1 & put reason 9 its place3 because he made x 8 basic pr9ciple t 8:5ev] a ,scripture is contradict$ by pro( we d n accept ! ,scripture10 b expla9 x 9 accordance ) reason4#adi ,?is emancipation ( reason f its subord9ation to an ext]nal au?ority is ! great & et]nal a*ievem5t :i* has s ende>$ ,maimonides to all ^? ( our p :o h /riv5 aft] k & ! light4 ,! !oretical sy/em at :i* ,maimonides work$ s h>d f 8 y\? to ! end ( 8 life has long be5 swept away1 toge!r ) ! ,arabic metaphysics on :i* x 0 bas$4 ,b ! practical consequ5ce ( t sy/em--! emancipation ( reason--rema9s1 & has left its m>k on ! hi/ory ( ,jewi% ?\ght up to ! pres5t day4 ,e ,jew :o has left ! old s*ool & trav]s$ ! h>d & bitt] road t leads f bl9d fai? to free reason mu/ h met ) ,maimonides at ! beg9n+ ( 8 j\rney1 & mu/ h f\nd 9 him a s\rce ( /r5g? & support = 8 fir/ /eps1 :i* are ! h>de/ & ! mo/ dang]\s4 ,?is road 0 trav]s$ n only by ,m5delssohn1 b also by ,sp9oza1#aej & be=e & aft] !m by c\ntless ?9k]s1 _m ( :om won gold5 reputations )9 ,judaism or outside x4 ,s4 ,d4 ,luzzatto's criticism ( ,maimonides1 on ! gr\nd t 8 views on ! nature ( ! s\l l$ to ! degradation ( reason 9 ,jewi% ?\ght1 is sup]ficial4 ,maimonides1 accord+ to him1 8laid d[n :at we mu/ believe & :at we mu/ n believe10 :]eas be=e 8 "t !re 0 no rigid dogma1 8& !re 0 no ban on op9ions to prev5t ea* ?9k] f believ+ :at he ?\ght true40#aea ,n[ ?is is n ! place to %[ h[ f> ,luzzatto 0 f hi/orical accuracy :5 he cr$it$ pre-,maimonidean ,judaism ) fre$om ( ?\ght4 ,to und]/& ! true nature ( t fre$om we ne$ only rememb] h[ ,maimonides' oppon5ts--:o 7 c]ta9ly fai?ful to ! old] ,judaism--spoke & act$ 9 ! p]iod ( conflict4 ,b z reg>ds ,maimonides himself1 ,luzzatto ov]looks ! fact t1 :ile 8 psy*ological !ory no d\bt l$ him to reg>d c]ta9 op9ions z obligatory1 he plac$ ! s\rce ( ! obligation no long] 9 any ext]nal au?ority1 b precisely 9 human reason4 ,t be+ s1 ! obligation c\ld n involve a ban on op9ions4 ,= z soon z o!r ?9k]s are p]suad$ t human reason does n make ^! p>ticul> op9ions obligatory1 !y are b\nd1 9 con=mity ) ,maimonides' own sy/em1 to believe ea* :at he ?9ks true1 & n :at ,maimonides errone\sly ?\ght true4 ,9 o!r words3 if we wi% to judge ,maimonides' sy/em f ! po9t ( view ( its effects on ,judaism1 we mu/ look n at ! ,?irte5 ,articles :i* he laid d[n z obligatory pr9ciples 9 accordance ) t sy/em1 b at ! "o pr9ciple :i* und]lies all o!rs--t ( ! supremacy ( reason4 ,a philosoph] :o frees reason f au?ority 9 g5]al mu/ at ! same "t free x f 8 own au?ority2 he _c reg>d any view z obligatory except s long z x is made obligatory by reason4 ,imag9e a man put 9 prison & giv5 ! key3 c he be said to h lo/ 8 lib]ty8#aeb ,,iv ,"h ends :at ,i wi%$ to say ab\t ! supremacy ( reason 9 ,maimonides' sy/em2 & "h ,i might conclude ?is ,essay4 ,b ,i %\ld l to add "s rem>ks on ano!r supremacy--on t ( ! national s5tim5t4 ,9 ^! days we _c discuss ! ?\ght ( "o ( our great m51 ev5 if !re are sev5 hundr$ ye>s betwe5 him & u1 )\t want+ to "k :e!r & to :at ext5t 8 ?\ght reveals traces ( t s5tim5t :i* we n[ reg>d z ! mo/ vital elem5t 9 ! life ( ,judaism4 ,b ?is "q really conta9s two diff]5t que/ions1 :i* h to be answ]$ diff]5tly s f> z ,maimonides is conc]n$4 ,! fir/ "q is3 ,did ,maimonides recognise ! supremacy ( ! national s5tim5t 9 ! spiritual life ( 8 p1 & all[ x consci\sly & ( set purpose an important place 9 ! tea*+ ( ,judaism8 ,! second is3 ,d we f9d traces ( ! supremacy ( ! national s5tim5t--z an unconsci\s & spontane\s in/9ct--9 ! m5tality ( ,maimonides himself8#aec ,! fir/ "q _c be answ]$ 9 ! affirmative3 ! evid5ce is r on ! negative side4 ,_h ,maimonides recognis$ cle>ly ! /r5g? ( ! national s5tim5t z a =ce 9 ,jewi% life1 & its importance z a factor 9 ! developm5t ( ,judaism1 he w\ld und\bt$ly h us$ x1 z ,jehudah ,halevi did1 to expla9 ! num]\s features ( ,judaism :i* h _! orig9 9 ! national s5tim5t4 ,at any rate1 he w\ld n h endeav\r$ to inve/ ^? features ) a univ]sali/ic "*4 ,= in/ance1 9 seek+ reasons = ! comm&m5ts he c\ld easily h f\nd t _m ( !m h no purpose b to /r5g!n ! feel+ ( national unity2 & he w\ld n h said ( ! ,fe/ivals t !y 8promote ! good feel+ t m5 %\ld h to ea* o!r 9 _! social & political relations40#aed ,nor w\ld he h said1 9 deal+ ) ! future r$emption1 t 8! wise m5 & ! prophets only long$ = ! days ( ! ,messiah 9 ord] t !y might be free to /udy ! ,torah & its wisdom1 )\t any oppression or int]f]5ce1 & s might w9 et]nal life40#aee ,no d\bt we d sometimes f9d 9 8 ,lett]s1 & especially 9 ^? t 7 writt5 to enc\rage 8 p 9 times ( national tr\ble1 feel+ ref]5ces to ! =tunes & ! mission ( ! ,jewi% p4#aef ,b despite ^! isolat$ & casual ref]5ces1 only "o conclusion c be drawn f ! g5]al t5or ( ,maimonides' tea*+3 t he did n recognise ! value ( ! national elem5t 9 ,jewi% life1 & did n all[ t elem5t due weight 9 8 exposition ( ,judaism4#aeg ,on ! o!r h&1 v>i\s indications %[ t 9 ,maimonides himself ! national s5tim5t 01 )\t 8 k1 a p[]ful =ce3 s mu* s1 t x sometimes actually drove him f ! /raight road ( logic & reason1 & entangl$ him--( all m5--9 contradictions :i* _h no gr\nd or ju/ification 9 8 !ory4 ,we %all always f9d 9 ! psy*ology ( ev5 ! mo/ logical ?9k]1 despite 8 ef=ts to give to reason ! undivid$ empire ( 8 ?\ght1 "s remote corn] to :i* its sway _c ext5d2 & we %all always f9d a rebel b& ( ideas1 :i* reason _c control1 break+ out f t po9t ( vantage to di/urb ! ord] ( its realm4 ,( ?is tru? ,maimonides may s]ve z an example4 ,x is p>ticul>ly evid5t 9 reg>d to ! dogmas ( ,judaism :i* he laid d[n1 accompani$ by a decl>ation t 8if any man rejects "o ( ^! fundam5tal beliefs1 he sev]s himself f ! community & d5ies a pr9ciple ( ,judaism3 he is call$ a h]etic & an unbeliev]1 & x is "r to hate him & to de/roy him40#aeh ,z we h already se51 x is an inevitable consequ5ce ( ,maimonides' tea*+ t ! dogmas ( religion mu/ be =mulat$ cle>ly & made obligatory on ! :ole p4 ,b 9 /rict accordance ) 8 sy/em ,maimonides ought to h includ$ among ! dogmas only ^? 8true op9ions0 )\t :i* religion c\ld n h be5 ma9ta9$ or h fulfill$ its function4 ,& 9 fact all 8 dogmas are ( t "*1 except only ! two la/--^? :i* ass]t ! com+ ( ! ,messiah & ! resurrection4 ,h[1 !n1 did he come to include ^! two8 ,?is "q 0 rais$ soon aft] ,maimonides' own "t 7especially 9 reg>d to ! belief 9 ! ,messiah72 & 8 critics rightly po9t$ out t be=e lay+ d[n dogmas "o mu/ def9e exactly :at is meant by a dogma1 s t we may "k h[ to di/+ui% betwe5 :at may & :at may n be prop]ly s call$4#aei ,x is inde$ /range t ,maimonides =got s elem5t>y a rule ( logic1 & /ill m /range :5 we rememb] t else:]e1 9 enum]at+ ! six hundr$ & ?irte5 comm&m5ts ( ! ,law1 he 0 fully alive to ! necessity ( expla9+ fir/ ( all 8! pr9ciples :i* x is prop] to take z a crit]ion10 9 ord] to select f ! multitude ( ord9ances 9 ! ,torah ^? capital comm&m5ts f :i* ! re/ are d]iv$4 ,= ?is reason he fell f\l ( ! e>li] enum]ations1 :i* he reg>d$ z ignorantly made & full ( mi/akes2 & = 8 own "p he fir/ laid d[n f\rte5 8pr9ciples10 & !n proce$$ to enum]ate ! comm&m5ts accord+ to ^? pr9ciples4#afj ,b if ?is proc$ure 0 necess>y 9 deal+ ) ! practical comm&m5ts1 surely x 0 ev5 m necess>y 9 ! case ( ! dogmas ( fai?4 ,h[1 !n1 did x happ5 t ,maimonides emb>k$ on s important a task z ! enum]ation ( dogmas )\t fir/ lay+ d[n "s pr9ciple by :i* to guide himself8 ,x seems to me t we h to d "h n ) a casual mi/ake1 b ) "o ( ^? facts :i* indicate t ! national s5tim5t 0 /rong en\gh 9 ,maimonides to conqu] ev5 logic4 ,if ,maimonides _h set out to def9e ! t]m 8dogma0 9 its purely religi\s s5se1 he c\ld n h f\nd ! slighte/ ju/ification = reg>d+ ! national belief 9 a future r$emption z a dogma4 ,b he felt t a national hope 0 necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( ! nation2 & )\t ! exi/5ce ( ! nation ! cont9uance ( its religion is un?9kable4 ,x 0 ?is feel+ t made him = once oblivi\s ( logic1 & prev5t$ him f cle>+ up 9 8 own m9d ! nature ( religi\s dogmas 9 g5]al1 s t he might be able to include among !m t national belief on :i* ! nation dep5ds = its exi/5ce1 al?\gh x has no direct relation to ! ma9t5ance ( religion z su*4#afa ,s also ) ! belief 9 resurrection1 by :i* our p has always set great /ore 9 its exile4 ,e individual ,jew has suff]$ ! pa9 ( exile n m]ely 9 8 own p]son1 b z a memb] ( 8 p2 8 indignation & grief h be5 excit$ n by 8 private tr\ble only1 b by ! national tr\ble4 ,he c\ld f9d p]sonal consolation 9 ! hope ( et]nity 9 p>adise2 b ?is did n blunt ! edge ( ! national tr\ble1 :i* dem&$ its consolation 9 ! prospect ( a bright future = ! nation4 ,9 ^? days ! individual ,jew 0 no long]1 z 9 anci5t times1 ke5ly consci\s t successive g5]ations 7 made "o by ! organic life ( ! nation2 & he c\ld n !re=e f9d consolation 9 ! happ9ess :i* await$ 8 p at ! end ( "t1 b :i* he himself w\ld n %>e4 ,h5ce he clung to ! belief 9 resurrection1 :i* (f]$ :at he requir$--a rew>d to himself = 8 individual %>e ( ! national grief4 ,j z e ,jew _h p>ticipat$1 dur+ 8 own lifetime1 9 ! national sorr[1 s w\ld e ,jew be privileg$ 9 ! future to see ) 8 own eyes ! national consolation & r$emption4#afb ,?us ! belief 9 resurrection 0 complem5t>y to ! belief 9 ! ,messiah4 ,unit$1 !y gave ! p he>t & /r5g? to be> ! yoke ( exile & to battle successfully aga9/ a sea ( tr\bles1 confid5t t soon] or lat] ! hav5 w\ld be rea*$4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,maimonides f\nd x writt5 9 ! ,mi%nah 7beg9n+ ( *apt] ,*elek7 t he :o d5ies resurrection =feits et]nal life1 he did n feel any ne$ to expla9 ?is /atem5t 9 a s5se oppos$ to its lit]al mean+1 z he usually did :5 8 sy/em s dem&$1 b took x j z he f\nd x1 & made x a dogma4 ,he satisfi$ 8 he>t at ! exp5se ( 8 head4 ,/rangely en\gh1 ,maimonides himself 0 p]plex$ ov] ! "q ( resurrection1 & c\ld n expla9 :y he clung to a belief :i* x 0 n easy to comb9e ) 8 own !ory ( ! s\l & ! future life4 ,:5 he =mulates ! dogmas 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,mi%nah1 he passes hurri$ly ov] ?is "o1 & dismisses x 9 a few words1 z ?\gh he 7 afraid t if he l+]$ at ?is po9t logic w\ld cat* him up & ask awkw>d que/ions4 ,9 ! ,mi%neh ,torah1 aga91 he does n expla9 ?is dogma at all1 ei!r at ! beg9n+ ( ! book1 :]e he deals ) ! ,f\ndations ( ! ,law1 or at ! end1 :]e he discusses ! ,messianic ,age4 ,?is omission l$ "s ( 8 critics to suspect t he did n really believe 9 a lit]al resurrection ( ! body1 b expla9$ x 9 ! s5se ( ! rebir? ( ! s\l h]eaft] 7on :i* he enl>ges v (t574 ,?is suspicion made him v indignant1 & he wrote a :ole treatise to prove t he _h nev] int5d$ to take resurrection 9 any b its lit]al s5se4 ,on ! contr>y1 he ma9ta9$ t ! belief mu/ be accept$ lit]ally1 & t x 0 9 no way inconsi/5t ) :at he _h writt5 or ) 8 g5]al view4#afc ,b ! argum5ts 9 ?is treatise are all v weak1 & ! g5]al impression :i* x leaves is t he did n cle>ly und]/& 8 own m9d4 ,he felt in/9ctively t he c\ld n give up ?is belief1 ?\gh x 0 =eign to 8 sy/em2 b x 0 only ) great difficulty t he c\ld expla9 :y he all[$ x su* importance4 ,x 01 ( c\rse1 impossible = a man l ,maimonides to admit to himself t he 0 foll[+ feel+ r ?an reason4 ,he tri$ !re=e to ju/ify 8 /&po9t on rational gr\nds1 b )\t success4#afd ,we f9d ! same /ruggle betwe5 philosophical sy/em & national s5tim5t 9 ,maimonides' attitude to ! ,hebrew language4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( 8 sy/em he naturally saw no diff]5ce betwe5 "o language & ano!r3 :at matt]s is ! idea1 n its ext]nal dress4 ,h5ce he lays x d[n t spee* 8is n to be =bidd5 or all[$1 lov$ or despis$1 accord+ to ! language1 b accord+ to ! subject4 ,t :i* is l(ty may be said 9 :atev] language2 t :i* is mean may n be said 9 any language40#afe ,practis+ :at he prea*$1 he wrote mo/ ( 8 books n 9 ,hebrew1 b 9 ,arabic1 because he ?\ght t by be+ writt5 9 ! ord9>y language ( 8 age & 8 surr\nd+s !y w\ld be ( great] use f ! po9t ( view ( _! subject-matt]4 ,! only book t he wrote 9 ,hebrew 0 ! ,mi%neh ,torah2 & "h also he 0 guid$ by practical consid]ations4 ,he *ose ! language ( ! ,mi%nah because he want$ 8 p to reg>d ! book ) respect z a k9d ( second ,mi%nah4 ,! beautiful ,mi%naic language w\ld c>ry (f ! 8true op9ions10 :i* ne$$ ! help ( a sacr$ language to make !m holy & br+ !m "u ! gis ( religion4 ,?us f> ,maimonides ! philosoph]4 ,b 9 8 lett]s we f9d cle> indications t aft] he _h f9i%$ 8 "w 8 national s5tim5t prov$ /rong] ?an 8 philosophy1 & he regrett$ t he _h n writt5 8 o!r works 9 ,hebrew z well4 ,n only t1 b he actually ?\ght ( translat+ !m into ! national language himself1 s z 8to sep>ate t :i* is preci\s f t :i* is defil$1 & to re/ore /ol5 goods to _! rightful own]40 ,b ! decl9e ( 8 p[]s 9 old age did n p]mit him to c>ry out ?is int5tion1 & ! ,hebrew translation _h to wait = o!r h&s4 ,"s ( x 0 done 9 8 lifetime2 & 8 lett] to ! translator ( ! ,guide %[s h[ pleas$ he 04#aff ,b !re is really no ne$ to look = ! influ5ce ( ! national s5tim5t 9 p>ticul> p>ts ( ,maimonides' "w4 ,8 "w z a :ole _c be fully und]/ood unless we all[ = ?is s5tim5t4 ,( c\rse1 z we h se51 ,maimonides' ef=ts to improve religion 7 ! result ( 8 philosophy1 :i* taught him t religion mu/ be made fit to fulfil its function 9 ! sph]es ( !ory & practice2 & = 8 own "p he c]ta9ly believ$ t he 0 actuat$ solely by ?is conviction1 & 0 do+1 z ne$s he mu/1 :at reason dem&$ ( him4 ,b we1 :o look at ?+s 9 ! light ( mod]n psy*ology1 :i* tells u t intellectual conviction is n suffici5t to produce su/a9$ ef=t unless x is accompani$ by a /rong emotion1 :]eby ! w is r\s$ to conqu] all ob/acles--we _c conceive ! possibility ( ardu\s "w )\t a compell+ emotion4 ,& :5 we look = ! emotion :i* is mo/ likely to furni% an explanation 9 ?is p>ticul> case1 we %all f9d none except ! national s5tim5t4 ,= we "k1 on ! "o h&1 t religi\s laws 7 = ,maimonides no?+ b an in/rum5t ( education--a means ( confirm+ p 9 true beliefs & good habits ( life4 ,moreov]1 he reg>d$ _m ( !m 7sacrifices & ! c]emonial associat$ ) sacrifices7 z m]ely a necess>y evil1 design$ to re/rict a bad practice :i* _h tak5 root 9 ! national life at an e>ly p]iod1 & c\ld n be aboli%$ entirely2 & ev5 ?is ju/ification appli$ only to ! laws z a :ole1 :ile _! details1 z we saw above1 7 9 8 op9ion :olly )\t mean+ or significance4 ,& yet1 hold+ su* views1 he work$ day & night = t5 ye>s to collect all ^! laws & arrange !m1 ) meticul\s exactness1 d[n to _! smalle/ details4 ,:oev] realises ! enorm\s lab\r t x requir$ to get toge!r ! mass ( legal prescriptions1 scatt]$ ov] an ext5sive lit]ature1 mu/ admit t no man c be qualifi$ = ! "w 7ev5 if he recognises its usefulness f a c]ta9 po9t ( view7 unless ! "w itself has a /rong atta*m5t = him4 ,to see ! usefulness ( ! "w is n en\gh2 x mu/ be a real lab\r ( love4 ,:at !n c h kept ,maimonides to 8 task if n ! national s5tim5t1 :i* made him love 8 p's ,law & anci5t cu/oms ev5 :]e 8 philosophy did n atta* to !m any p>ticul> importance8 ,& on ! o!r side1 ,maimonides c\ld n h lab\r$ to turn ,judaism into a pure philosophy )\t ! help ( ! national s5tim5t4 ,we c und]/& ! religi\s philosoph] :o tries to effect a compromise betwe5 religion & philosophy4 ,! impell+ =ce is 8 religi\s feel+3 anxi\s to save religion f ! dang] ?reat5$ by rationalism1 he adopts ! famili> exp$i5t ( dress+ religion 9 ! trapp+s ( philosophy1 s z to safegu>d its ess5tial mean+4 ,b :5 a philosoph] />ts1 z ,maimonides did1 ) ! conviction t !re is no room = compromise1 b t religion is compell$1 willy-nilly1 to tea* only :at reason approves & :5 he lab\rs indefatigably to purify religi\s belief ( all sup]-rational elem5ts1 & to turn its ess5tial cont5t into a pure philosophical sy/em1 & all ?is by long & devi\s me?ods1 :i* reason _c always approve3 !n we are b\nd to ask :at emotion x 0 t gave him ! /r5g? & ! w-p[] requir$ = s difficult a task4 ,religi\s emotion c]ta9ly ga9$ no?+ f a process by :i* religion 0 driv5 f its own ?rone & depriv$ ( its lett]s pat5t z a guide to et]nal happ9ess along a private road ( its own4 ,philosophical emotion--if ! t]m may be us$--might h ga9$ m if ,maimonides _h accept$ & prescrib$ ! me?od adopt$ by free-?9k]s be=e & aft] him--t ( leav+ fai? to ! believ+ masses & be+ satisfi$ = 8 own "p ) reason alone4 ,b ! national s5tim5t did ga9 a great deal by ! trans=mation ( ! ,jewi% religion--! only national inh]itance :i* _h surviv$ to unite our scatt]$ p 9 exile--into philosophical tru?1 firmly bas$ on rational & 7z ,maimonides s9c]ely believ$7 irrefragable pro(s1 & consequ5tly secure = all "t aga9/ assault4 ,s we come f9ally to ! conclusion t ,maimonides1 too1 l ! o!r ,jewi% ?9k]s1 _h z ! ultimate aim ( 8 great "w 7?\gh p]haps he did n realise x cle>ly7 ! %ap+ ( ! cont5t & =m ( ,judaism into a =tress on :i* ! nation c\ld dep5d = its cont9uance 9 exile4 ,!re is only ?is diff]5ce3 t :]eas 8 pr$ecessors held ,judaism secure because x 0 above reason1 ,maimonides came & said3 8,no6 ,judaism is secure because x is reason40 ,footnote #hf3 ,maimonides di$ on ! #ac? ,decemb]1 #abjd4 ,footnote #hg3 ,jewi% ,law4 ,footnote #hh3 ,allusion to well-kn[n spee*es at ,zioni/ ,congresses4 ,footnote #hi3 ,mi%neh ,torah1 ,f\ndations ( ! ,law1 *aps4 i4-iv4 ,footnote #ij3 ,ibid41 *ap4 iv4 #a4 ,footnote #ia3 ,guide1 ,"p ,i41 *ap4 i4 ,9 r5d]+ quotations f ! ,moreh ,nebu*im 7,guide = ! ,p]plex$7 ! translator has us$ ,dr4 ,fri$lnd]'s ,engli% v]sion s f> z possible4 ,footnote #ib3 ,f\ndations ( ! ,law1 ibid41 #g4 ,footnote #ic3 ,9 ! upp] _w ,ari/otle's philosophy po/ulates ! exi/5ce ( =ms divorc$ f matt]3 !y are ! 8sep>ate ,intellig5ces10 :i* emanate "o f ano!r & are et]nal 7see ,f\ndations ( ! ,law1 ibid41 & ,guide1 ,"p ,,ii41 *ap4 iv474 ,footnote #id3 ,guide1 ,"p ,,iii41 *ap4 viii4 ,footnote #ie3 ,f\ndations ( ! ,law1 ibid41 #h & #i4 ,footnote #if3 ,eight ,*apt]s1 *ap4 i4 ,footnote #ig3 ,see ,munk1 ,le ,guide des ,eg>s1 ,i41 pp4 #cjd-h 7note74 ,footnote #ih3 ,guide1 ,"p ,i41 *aps4 lxx4 & lxxii4 & passim4 ,= details see ,munk 7ibid471 & ,dr4 ,s*ey]'s monograph1 ,das ,psy*ologis*e ,sy/em des ,maimonides1 ,frank=t a_/,m1 #ahde4 ,footnote #ii3 ,f\ndations ( ! ,law1 *ap4 iv41 #h1 #i4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,!re is "s gr\nd = ?9k+ t ,maimonides ?\ght ( ! et]nal exi/5ce aft] dea? ( ! possessors ( 8acquir$ intellect0 n z p]sonal1 b z a common exi/5ce 9 :i* !y are all unit$ z a s+le sep>ate be+4 ,see ,guide1 ,,iii41 *ap4 xxvii41 & ,f\ndations1 ibid41 & *ap4 ii41 #e-f4 ,?is has be5 po9t$ out by ,dr4 ,joel 9 ,die ,religionsphilosophie des ,mose b5 ,maimon1 ,breslau1 #ahgf 7p4 #be1 note74 ,footnote #aja3 ,guide1 ,i41 *ap4 lxviii4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,accord+ to ! division ( ! sci5ces curr5t 9 ^? days1 all ?is k ( true ,be+ is conta9$ 9 ,physics & ,metaphysics4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,all ?is tea*+ is scatt]$ up & d[n ,maimonides' works1 p>tly 9 explicit /atem5ts & p>tly 9 h9ts 7see1 e4g41 ,guide1 ,,iii41 *ap4 li474 ,dr4 ,s*ey] 0 ! fir/ to "w out ^! def9itions 9 detail 7ibid41 *ap4 iii474 ,9 g5]al x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,maimonides n[h]e expla9s 8 :ole sy/em 9 logical ord]1 & we are !re=e compell$1 if we w\ld und]/& 8 sy/em z x 0 conceiv$ 9 8 m9d1 to make use ( scatt]$ utt]ances1 h9ts1 & half-s5t5ces writt5 by ! way1 to expla9 obscure /atem5ts by o!rs m precise1 & to resort freely to inf]5ce4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,guide1 ,,iii41 *ap4 xiii41 & ,introduction to ,comm5t>y on ! ,mi%nah1 section ,z]a'im4 ,footnote #aje3 ,introduction cit$ 9 la/ note4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,ibid4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,guide1 ,,iii41 *ap4 li4 ,maimonides does n !re emphasise ! diff]5ce betwe5 practical /udies on ! "o h& & ma!matics & logic on ! o!r1 because ?is is n g]mane to 8 purpose at ! mom5t4 ,b ! di/9ction is necess>ily impli$4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,guide1 ,,iii41 *aps4 xxvii4 & liv42 ,hil*o? ,de'o?1 *aps4 iii4 & iv4 ,footnote #aji3 ,introduction to ,z]a'im4 ,footnote #aaj3 ,maimonides' attitude to p]fection ( "* is mo/ cle>ly reveal$ by ! fact t he calls x 8bodily p]fection10 9 contra/ to 8p]fection ( ! s\l10 :i* is intellectual p]fection 7,guide1 ,,iii41 *ap4 xxvii474 ,footnote #aaa3 ,see ,hil*o? ,de'o?1 *ap4 i42 ,eight ,*apt]s1 *ap4 iv4 ,footnote #aab3 ,guide1 ,,iii41 *ap4 liv4 ,footnote #aac3 ,see ,eight ,*apt]s1 end ( *ap4 iv4 & beg9n+ ( *ap4 v4 ,laz>us 7,e?ik des ,jud5tums1 ,i41 *ap4 xiv47 fails to notice ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ,ari/otle & ,maimonides1 & !re=e f9ds x /range t ,maimonides introduces ,ari/otle's doctr9e ( ! mean into ,jewi% e?ics4 ,footnote #aad3 ,introduction to ,z]a'im4 ,footnote #aae3 ,see ,guide1 ,,iii41 *aps4 xxvii41 xxxiv4 ,maimonides is n explicit on ! relation ( ! m9ority to social morality2 b 8 view on ?is "q is evid5t f :at he says 9 ! *apt]s quot$1 & passim4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,eight ,*apt]s1 *ap4 v4 ,footnote #aag3 ,guide1 ,,ii41 *ap4 xxv4 ,footnote #aah3 ,guide1 ,,ii41 *aps4 xxv4 & xvi4 ,footnote #aai3 ,maimonides expla9s 8 views on ! me?ods ( div9e revelation & ! nature ( prophecy 9 g5]al1 & ( ! prophecy ( ,moses 9 p>ticul>1 9 sev]al places3 especially 9 ,guide1 ,,ii41 *aps4 xxxii4-xlviii41 & 9 ,mi%neh ,torah1 section ,f\ndations ( ! ,law1 *ap4 vii4 ,b = our pres5t purpose we ne$ n ent] into ^! speculations4 ,x suffices to say t "h also he 0 true to 8 own sy/em4 ,! ,prophet is = him ! mo/ p]fect 8actual man02 & ! div9e inspiration rea*es ! ,prophet ?r\gh t sep>ate ,intellig5ce 78active intellect07 :i* is1 accord+ to ! philosophical sy/em adopt$ by ,maimonides1 *>g$ ) ! guidance ( ! _w & ) ! rais+ ( all =ms 7includ+ ! =m ( ! s\l7 f pot5tiality to actuality4 ,footnote #abj3 ,see ,guide1 ,,iii41 xxvi4 ,footnote #aba3 ,ibid41 *aps4 xxiii4 & xxviii42 see also ,,ii41 *aps4 xxxiv4 & xl4 ,footnote #abb3 ,see ,guide1 ,,ii41 *aps4 xxxix4 & xl42 & especially ! ,igg]e? ,teman4 ,footnote #abc3 ,all ?is is expla9$ 9 _m passages ?r\gh\t ,maimonides' books1 :i* are too num]\s to be p>ticul>is$4 ,footnote #abd3 ,= ! 8reasons ( ! comm&m5ts0 see ,guide1 ,,iii41 *aps4 xxvi4-xlix4 ,footnote #abe3 ,= in/ance3 !re is a reason = sacrifices 9 g5]al4 8,b we _c say :y "o (f]+ %\ld be a lamb1 :il/ ano!r is a ram2 & :y a fix$ numb] ( !m %\ld be br\ght4444 ,y ask :y mu/ a lamb be sacrific$ & n a ram8 b ! same "q w\ld be ask$1 :y a ram _h be5 comm&$ in/ead ( a lamb1 s long z "o p>ticul> k9d is requir$4 ,! same is to be said z to ! "q :y 7 sev5 lambs sacrific$ & n eight2 ! same "q might h be5 ask$ if !re 7 eight40 ,guide1 ,,iii41 *ap4 xxvi4 ,footnote #abf3 ,introduction to ,z]a'im4 ,footnote #abg3 ,guide1 ,,ii41 *ap4 xxxix41 & ,,iii41 *ap4 xxxiv4 ,footnote #abh3 ,see ,guide1 ,,ii41 *ap4 xxix42 ,eight ,*apt]s1 *ap4 viii4 ,footnote #abi3 ,introduction to ,z]a'im2 see also ,f\ndations ( ! ,law1 *aps4 ix4 & x4 ,footnote #acj3 ,guide1 ,,iii41 *ap4 li4 ,footnote #aca3 ,see ,r4 ,%em-,tob's ,comm5t>y on ! ,guide1 loc4 cit4 ,footnote #acb3 ,ibid4 ,footnote #acc3 ,maimonides himself describes ! contempor>y /ate ( culture among 8 p 9 sev]al places4 ,see1 = in/ance1 ! ,treatise on ,resurrection4 ,footnote #acd3 ,emuno? v' ,deo?1 ,preface4 ,footnote #ace3 ,r4 ,jehudah ,halevi1 despite 8 pr(\nd k ( contempor>y philosophy1 says categorically3 8,he :o accepts ?is ! ,law completely1 )\t scrut9y or argum5t1 is bett] (f ?an he :o inve/igates & analyses0 7,cuzri1 ,,ii41 xxvi4 ,dr4 ,hirs*feld's translation74 ,footnote #acf3 ,guide1 ,i41 *ap4 lxxi4 ,footnote #acg3 ,z to ! /ate ( m9d ( ! =c$ conv]ts at t "t see :at ,maimonides says 9 ! ,treatise ( ! ,sanctification ( ! ,"n & ! ,igg]e? ,teman4 ,footnote #ach3 ,see ,section ,,ii4 above4 ,note especially :at ,maimonides says ab\t prophecy 9 ! ,introduction to 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,mi%nah 7writt5 at ! "t :5 he liv$ among ! =c$ conv]ts74 ,"s ( ?is is quot$ 9 ,section ,,ii4 ,he writes !re ) su* incisive =ce z to make x cle> t he has left ! realm ( pure speculation & !ory1 & has a practical object connect$ ) actual circum/ances :i* _h /irr$ him deeply at ! "t4 ,footnote #aci3 ,all ?is is cle>ly h9t$ 9 ,maimonides' ,treatise ( ! ,sanctification ( ! ,"n4 ,footnote #adj3 ,guide1 ,,iii41 *ap4 xxvii4 ,footnote #ada3 ,we f9d all ! pr9ciples ( 8 sy/em 9 ! ,introduction to 8 fir/ book 7! ,comm5t>y on ! ,mi%nah71 & aga9 at ! end ( 8 la/ book 7,guide1 ,,iii41 *ap4 li474 ,footnote #adb3 ,see ,introduction to ,comm5t>y on ! ,mi%nah4 ,footnote #adc3 8,?is is n ! place to treat ( ?is matt]2 b x is my int5tion1 :]ev] a matt] ( belief is m5tion$1 to expla9 x briefly4 ,= ,i love to tea* no?+ s mu* z "o ( ! pr9ciples ( religion0 7end ( ,b]a*o?74 ,footnote #add3 ,especially important 9 ?is connection are ! ,introductions to ,z]a'im1 to *apt] ,*elek 7:]e he br+s 9 all ! pr9ciples ( religion71 & to ,abo? 7,eight ,*apt]s74 ,footnote #ade3 ,8 ,preface makes x cle> t he reg>d$ 8 book z a sort ( ,mi%nah 9 a new =m2 & x seems 7?\gh he does n say x 9 s _m words7 t he int5d$ to h9t at ?is idea by ! title ( ! book--,mi%neh ,torah4 ,footnote #adf3 ,!re 7 _m writ]s :o suspect$ t ,maimonides' idea 0 to d away altoge!r ) ! /udy ( ! ,talmud4 ,b ?is suspicion c\ld arise only f failure to und]/& cle>ly ! real purpose ( ! book4 ,ev5 !ories are pres5t$ "h 9 dogmatic =m2 b c\ld x possibly be imag9$ t ,maimonides want$ to d away ) ! /udy ( philosophy by ! long me?od ( argum5t & pro(--t /udy :i* he reg>d$ z ! purpose ( ! human race8 ,! tru? is t he _h 9 view ! social function ( religion1 & = ?is reason he set =? bo? !ories & practical comm&s 9 brief & 9 a mann] suit$ to ! compreh5sion ( ord9>y m54 ,he left x to ! *os5 few to /udy ! pr9ciples ( bo? ! !oretical & ! practical law1 & to obta9 f ! orig9al s\rces a k ( ! reasons = bo?4 ,footnote #adg3 ,guide1 ,introduction4 ,footnote #adh3 ,aft] ! publication ( ! ,guide _m p discov]$ t its op9ions 7 already conta9$ 9 ! innoc5t-look+ dicta ( ! ,mi%neh ,torah1 especially 9 its fir/ "p 7,! ,book ( ,sci5ce71 & f t "t onw>d !y reg>d$ t book also z h]etical1 & wag$ w> on x z well z on ! ,guide4 ,footnote #adi3 ,see ! lett] ( ,r4 ,jehudah ,alfa*> to ,kim*i3 ,collect$ ,responses ( ,maimonides 7ed4 ,leipsic71 ,"p ,,iii41 p4 #a1 et seq4 ,footnote #aej3 ,see ,dr4 ,joel's monograph1 ,sp9oza's ,!ologis*-,politis*] ,traktat auf se9e ,quell5 geprft1 ,breslau1 #ahgj4 ,footnote #aea3 ,see ,k]em ,*em$1 ,,iii41 pp4 #fg-gj4 ,footnote #aeb3 ,i may rem>k 9 pass+ t ,luzzatto 7ibid47 accuses ,maimonides ( yet ano!r diss]vice to ,judaism4 ,by mak+ op9ions ! ess5tial elem5t ( p]fection ,maimonides1 accord+ to him1 aboli%$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! righte\s man & ! wick$4 8,! philosoph]10 he says1 8may commit !ft1 murd]1 & adult]y1 & yet atta9 et]nal life3 salvation does n dep5d on m]it40 ,?is *>ge 0 already br\ght aga9/ ,maimonides by 8 m$ieval oppon5ts1 b x is q mi/ak54 ,maimonides insi/s1 ov] & ov] aga91 t until a man has moral p]fection x is impossible = him to rea* intellectual p]fection to ! degree necess>y = ! atta9m5t ( acquir$ intellect4 ,see1 = in/ance1 ! passage f ! introduction to ,z]a'im quot$ above 7p4 #agd74 ,footnote #aec3 ,?\gh ! conception ( 8nationalism0 9 its curr5t s5se is mod]n1 ! national s5tim5t itself has exi/$ 9 our p at all times2 & its exi/5ce & value h be5 realis$ 9 our lit]ature 9 e p]iod1 f ! ,bible & ! ,talmud to ! lit]ature ( ,*assidism1 ?\gh x us$ to be call$ by o!r names 78! love ( ,israel10 etc474 ,b ! s5tim5t & its expression d n appe> to ! same ext5t or 9 ! same =m 9 all ages & 9 all individuals1 & x is !re=e legitimate to ask :at 0 ! attitude ( any p>ticul> age or any p>ticul> ?9k] to ! national s5tim5t4 ,an int]e/+ book might be writt5 on ! hi/ory ( ! national s5tim5t & consci\sness 9 ,israel1 deal+ ) _! diff]5t manife/ations 9 diff]5t ages1 _! gr[? & decl9e1 & _! expression 9 ! life ( ! nation & ! ?\ght ( its great m5 9 ea* p]iod4 ,footnote #aed3 ,guide1 ,,iii41 *ap4 xliii4 ,simil>ly 9 *ap4 xlviii4 ,footnote #aee3 ,end ( ,mi%neh ,torah4 ,footnote #aef3 ,see ! ,igg]e? ,teman & ! ,treatise ( ! ,sanctification ( ! ,"n4 ,footnote #aeg3 ,a ,g]man ,jewi% s*ol>1 ,dr4 ,d4 ,ros91 9 8 monograph on ! e?ics ( ,maimonides 7,die ,e?ik des ,maimonides1 ,breslau1 #ahgf71 f9ds "u ! head+ ( 8,nationalism0 7p4 #adh7 only two laws 9 ! :ole ,mi%neh ,torah :i* allude to ! duties ( ! ,jew to 8 p4 ,b 9 fact ! two laws :i* he quotes 7,hil*o? ,t'%ubah1 *ap4 iii4 #aa1 & ,hil*o? ,matna? ',aniim1 *ap4 x4 #b7 emphasise r ! unity ( ! memb]s ( "o fai?4 ,footnote #aeh3 ,introduction to *apt] ,*elek4 ,footnote #aei3 ,see ,albo1 ,ikk>im1 ,"p ,i1 *ap4 #a4 ,footnote #afj3 ,see 8 ,introduction to ! ,seph] ,hammitzvo?4 ,footnote #afa3 ,i rem>k$ on ?is po9t ye>s ago 9 8,pa/ & ,future40 ,see ,select$ ,essays by ,ahad ,ha'am1 p4 #hg4 ,footnote #afb3 ,cf4 supra1 p4 #aj4 ,footnote #afc3 ,see ! ,treatise on ,resurrection4 ,footnote #afd3 ,luzzatto 7ubi supra7 seems to suspect t ,maimonides' :ole treatm5t ( resurrection 0 ins9c]e1 & t he 0 delib]ately ?r[+ du/ 9 ! read]'s eyes1 9 ord] to conceal 8 h]esy4 ,b ?is suspicion is absurd3 ,maimonides 0 a man :o 0 n afraid op5ly to reject ev5 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & to reca/ all ! fundam5tal beliefs ( ,judaism4 ,any unbiass$ read] ( ! treatise mu/ realise t ,maimonides def5ds resurrection ) p]fect s9c]ity1 b t he is unable to f9d ! real gr\nds ( 8 own conviction1 because he looks = !m 9 8 reason & n 9 8 feel+s4 ,footnote #afe3 ,comm5t>y on ! ,mi%nah1 ,abo?1 *ap4 i4 #ag4 ,footnote #aff3 ,see 8 lett]s to ,joseph b5 ,gab>1 to ! community ( ,lunel1 & to ,r4 ,samuel ,ibn ,tibbon 7,collect$ ,responses ( ,maimonides 7,leipsic71 ,"p ,,ii41 pp4 #af1 #bg1 #dd74 ,,judaism ,,& ,,! ,,gospels 7#aiaj7 ,engli% ,jewry is at ease4 ,!re are no d\bt traces "h & !re ( anti-,semitism1 nor are !re want+ 9 ! inn] life ( ! community indications ( :at may be call$ 8s]vitude 9 fre$om40 ,b :5 all all[ances are made1 ! ,jews enjoy a firm] & a m secure position "h ?an 9 o!r c\ntries1 & anxiety = ! future1 ) all t x involves1 plays a small] "p 9 _! m5tal life4 ,h5ce _! int]nal developm5t is m 8normal0 ?an else:]e2 x is less at ! m]cy ( ext]nal & accid5tal influ5ces2 x is r det]m9$ by ! spiritual & cultural res\rces ( ! community itself1 & corresponds at any giv5 "t to ! ext5t ( ^? res\rces4 ,to ?is circum/ance is due ! comp>atively late appe>ance ( ! ,re=m movem5t 9 ,anglo-,jewry4 ,true1 9 ! heyday ( ! ,g]man ,re=m movem5t a few p 9 ,engl& attempt$ to foll[ ! ,g]man example2 b _! small exp]im5t nev] grew to consid]able dim5sions1 or %[$ any capacity = developm5t4 ,! reason is t :]eas 9 ,g]many !re 0 an ext]nal1 political impulse t[>ds ,re=m--! desire to combat anti-,jewi% feel+1 & ?us to facilitate ! atta9m5t ( civil & political rights--9 ,engl& ?is motive 0 less felt4 ,= ?\gh c]ta9 political re/rictions 7 /ill 9 =ce1 ! position ( ! ,jews 0 mu* bett]1 & _! relations ) non-,jews 7 mu* m satisfactory1 ?an 9 ,g]many4 ,b 9 m rec5t ye>s education & ! circum/ances ( life h br\ght ab\t a *ange 9 ! int]nal1 spiritual condition ( ! ,anglo-,jewi% community3 a new g5]ation has aris51 :i* is v f> remov$ f ! _s ( ,judaism4 ,x is ?is int]nal *ange 9 ! ,jews :i* has call$ into be+ ! ,re=m movem5t :i* we n[ see develop+ be=e our eyes4 ,to ! diff]5ce 9 orig9 corresponds a diff]5ce 9 "*4 ,9 ,g]many ! ,re=m movem5t1 practical 9 its motives1 took a practical %ape4 ,geig] & o!r ,re=m]s endeav\r$1 on ! "o side1 to alt] ! religi\s practices1 & to br+ !m into con=mity ) :at !y conceiv$ to be ! ne$s ( ! "t2 b on ! o!r side !y laid /ress on ! gr&eur ( ! religi\s & moral pr9ciples on :i* ,judaism peculi>ly 0 bas$1 & tri$ to emphasise ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,b 9 ,engl& ! ,re=m movem5t spr+s f a spiritual cause--f a conviction on ! "p ( _m ,jews t !y are spiritually ak9 to _! ,*ri/ian environm5t4 ,x is n m]ely ! ext]nal obs]vances ( traditional ,judaism t fail any long] to appeal to !m2 its inn]mo/ _s1 ! fundam5tal ideas by :i* x is di/+ui%$ f ,*ri/ianity1 h lo/ _! hold4 ,h5ce ! movem5t "h aims "r at ! he>t2 x wants to *ange ! _s ( ,judaism1 & to ov]?r[ its hi/orical f\ndations1 s z to r$uce its di/9ctive features to a small compass1 & to br+ x z closely z possible into accord ) ! ,*ri/ian ideas ( ! non-,jewi% community4 ,?irte5 ye>s ago ?is movem5t 0 begun 9 ,engl& by a body ( "y m51 :o ?us /raight=w>dly & cle>ly express$ _! aim3 8444 ,our triumphant emancipation is n[ work+ out its natural result ^u u4 ,con/ant int]c\rse ) non-,jews & ext5sive secul> education mu/ mat]ially affect our op9ions4 ,we1 :o are "y & e>ne/ lov]s ( our religion1 are /ruggl+ ) new ideas :i* we h>dly d>e to =mulate1 because !y are contr>y to all accept$ traditions4 ,su* are ! notions t our sep>at5ess seems n[ m]ely ext]nal & artificial1 our racial di/9ctiv5ess (t5 sc>cely p]ceptible1 & our religi\s ideas almo/ id5tical ) ^? ( ,!i/s & true ,unit>ians40#afg ,b z x 0 difficult = !m1 9 spite ( ev]y?+1 to ab&on ,judaism altoge!r1 & to jo9 ! 8,!i/s & true ,unit>ians10 !y conceiv$ ! idea ( atta9+ _! object 9 ! rev]se way4 ,!y w\ld trans=m ,judaism itself1 until x %\ld conta9 no?+ b ! fundam5tal ideas ( ! 8,!i/s & true ,unit>ians10 & !n--s !y fondly imag9$--^! latt] w\ld come & f9d %elt] 9 ,judaism1 & s ! 8ext]nal & artificial0 di/9ction w\ld be com=tably & pleasantly remov$6 ,?is movem5t did n take def9ite %ape at ! "t1 & aft] a :ile x disappe>$ & 0 no long] he>d (4 ,b ! causes :i* _h giv5 x bir? did n cease to "w sil5tly b5ea? ! surface2 & q rec5tly x has come =? aga9 into ! light ( day1 to play its "p 9 ! visible life ( ,anglo-,jewry4 ,?is "t x appe>s 9 a m concrete =m & ) a cle>] consci\sness ( ! goal = :i* x is mak+4 ,its promot]s h come to see1 aft] all1 t ev5 if _! ,judaism is to tea* ! v doctr9e ( ! 8lib]al0 ,*ri/ian sects1 !re w /ill be an 8ext]nal & artificial0 di/9ction betwe5 !mselves & ! non-,jew1 s long z !y d n accept ! s\rce ( t doctr9e--s long z !y d n admit1 ) ! 8lib]al0 ,*ri/ians1 t ! ,new ,te/am5t is ! la/ ^w 9 religi\s & moral developm5t1 & ,jesus ! mo/ p]fect embodim5t ( ! religi\s & moral ideal4 ,= 9 matt]s ( religion m5 value n alone ! ab/ract beliefs 9 !mselves1 b also--& p]haps m highly--! hi/orical & psy*ological roots f :i* ^? beliefs h gr[n up 9 _! he>ts4 ,x 0 well said _m ye>s ago by ,/e9?al t if ev] a new religion1 a philosophical religion1 suit$ to mod]n times1 %\ld unite ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 !y w\ld /ill be divid$ on ! "q :e!r ! ,old ,te/am5t or ! ,gospels _h contribut$ 9 great] measure to ! bir? ( ! new religion4 ,our ,engli% ,re=m]s1 !re=e1 h decid$ to remove ev5 ?is /umbl+-block f ! pa? :i* leads to unity1 & h decre$ t ! ,new ,te/am5t 7or at lea/ ! ,gospels7 mu/ be consid]$ a "p--& ! mo/ important "p--( ,judaism1 & t ,jesus mu/ be reg>d$ z a prophet--& ! greate/ ( ! prophets--9 ,israel4 ,?is pron\ncem5t is c]ta9ly a /ep =w>d along a c]ta9 l9e ( developm5t1 ( :i* we are n yet at ! end4 ,we ne$ n !re=e be surpris$ if ^! ,re=m]s d n realise ! /rang5ess ( _! attitude1 ) its comb9ation ( contradictory & mutually de/ructive po/ulates4 ,:]eas revolution ov]?r[s ! old at a s+le /roke1 & puts ! new 9 its place1 evolution de/roys & builds 9 sections1 s t1 until its "w is complete1 x is full ( contradictions & inconsi/5cies--! old & ! new jo/l+ "o ano!r 9 confusion1 & creat+ by _! unnatural juxtaposition ! impression ( a c>icature1 :i* is obvi\s to ! onlook]1 b n to ^? :o are engag$ 9 ! "w4 ,s ?is ,re=m$ ,judaism1 :i* wants to be two opposites--,jewi% & ,evangeli/--at once1 has its place z a rung 9 ! middle ( ! ladd]1 a /ep on ! road ( evolution to its f9al goal4 ,at ?is /age ( ! j\rney our ,re=m]s /ill ?9k t x is possible to put ! ,gospels beside ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,talmud4 ,b :5 !y rea* ! next /age !y w recognise t ! two _c exi/ side by side1 b only "o above ! o!r1 & t :5 "o /&s ! o!r falls4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians w5t ?r\gh ! same process3 !y reg>d$ _! 8message0 at fir/ simply z a "p ( ,judaism2 b :5 !y _h travell$ ! full l5g? ( _! developm5t1 !y saw t ! ,gospels meant ! ov]?r[ ( ! v f\ndations ( ,judaism1 & !n !y left x altoge!r4 ,if anybody is d\btful ab\t ! true "* & t5d5cy ( ?is movem5t1 let him read ! comm5t>y on ! ,synoptic ,gospels rec5tly publi%$ by ! lead] ( ! movem5t1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,g4 ,montefiore4 ,! au?or makes no secret ( ! fact t ! book has be5 writt5 = ,jewi% read]s1 ) ! object ( conv9c+ !m t ! ,new ,te/am5t ought to occupy an important position 9 ,judaism at ! pres5t "t1 albeit f a ,jewi% po9t ( view4 ,! claims ( ! 8,jewi% po9t ( view0 he ?9ks to satisfy by 8 frequ5t ef=ts to %[ t ! ,law ( ! ,rabbis 0 n s bad z x is pa9t$ by ! au?ors ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & its comm5tators1 & t 9 _m respects ! old ,judaism rose to ! level ( ! ,gospels1 nay1 _h 9 c]ta9 details actually m ( tru?4#afh ,b ! g5]al atmosph]e ( ! book is s utt]ly ali5 f ! ess5tial "* ( ,judaism z to make "o fact cle> beyond a %ad[ ( d\bt to any ,jew 9 :om ,judaism is /ill alive--t ! ,gospels c be receiv$ only into a ,judaism :i* has lo/ its own true _s1 & rema9s a m]e corpse4 ,! au?or is d\btless correct 9 say+ t a ,jewi% comm5t>y on ! ,new ,te/am5t is ne$$ at ! pres5t "t4#afi ,liv+ 9 a ,*ri/ian environm5t1 we imbibe a culture 9 :i* _m ,*ri/ian ideas & s5tim5ts are inwov51 & x is !re=e necess>y = u to "k _! s\rce1 s z to be able to di/+ui% betwe5 !m & ! univ]sal elem5ts ( culture4 ,b ?is ,jewi% comm5t>y mu/ be f> remov$ f any polemical propag&i/ int5tion on "o side or ! o!r4 ,its sole object mu/ be to und]/& ?or\ghly ! tea*+ ( ! ,gospels1 to def9e ) sci5tific accuracy its "*1 ! f\ndations on :i* x re/s1 & ! diff]5ces :i* di/+ui% x f ,judaism4 ,:at is ne$$ is n ! 8sci5tific accuracy0 ( ! ,*ri/ian comm5tators 7t spr+ f :i* ,mr4 ,montefiore dr9ks ) su* avidity71 :o set out ) ! preconceiv$ idea t ! tea*+ ( ! ,gospels is sup]ior to t ( ,judaism1 & use _! 8sci5ce0 m]ely to f9d details 9 support ( ?is g5]al belief4 ,:5 a writ] claims to be 8sci5tific10 he mu/ recognise above all t 9 ! field ( religion & morality x is impossible to set up a univ]sal sci5tific crit]ion1 by :i* to measure ! diff]5t tea*+s1 & to pron\nce "o sup]ior to ano!r4 ,9 ?is sph]e ev]y?+ is relative1 & ! judge br+s to 8 task a subjective /&>d ( 8 own1 det]m9$ by 8 temp]am5t1 8 education & 8 environm5t4 ,we ,jews1 be+ ev]y:]e a m9ority1 are always subject to v>i\s influ5ces1 :i* c\nt]act & weak5 ea* o!r2 & we1 !re=e1 are possibly bett] able ?an o!rs to und]/& objectively ideas :i* are n our own4 ,h5ce x 0 inde$ "r t !re %\ld be a ,jewi% comm5t>y 7n a ,jewi% panegyric7 on ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,su* a comm5t>y might p]haps h enabl$ ,jews ( our au?or's /amp to recognise t x is possible to treat ) s]i\sness & ju/ice a religion :i* is /range to u1 )\t %utt+ our eyes to ! gulf :i* sep>ates x f ourselves4 ,i %\ld l to dwell = a brief space on ! nature ( ?is 8gulf40 ,s l>ge a subject ne$s a :ole book = its full treatm5t2 b some?+1 x seems to me1 ought to be said j at ?is mom5t--& p]haps ! ne$ is n conf9$ to ,engl&4 ,if ! hea!n ( ! old /ory1 :o wi%$ to le>n ! :ole ,torah /&+ on "o leg1#agj _h come to me1 ,i %\ld h told him3 8#8,?\ %alt n make unto !e any grav5 image or any lik5ess'--t is ! :ole ,torah1 & ! re/ is comm5t>y40 ,! ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( ,judaism1 :i* di/+ui%es x f o!r religions1 is its absolute det]m9ation to make ! religi\s & moral consci\sness indep5d5t ( any def9ite human =m1 & to atta* x imm$iately to an ab/ract ideal :i* has 8no lik5ess40 ,we _c conceive ,*ri/ianity )\t ,jesus1 or ev5 ,islam )\t ,mohamm$4 ,*ri/ianity made a god ( ,jesus1 b t is n ! important fact4 ,ev5 if ,jesus _h rema9$ ! 8son ( man10 _h be5 only a prophet1 z ,mohamm$ is to ! ,mussulmans1 t w\ld n h affect$ ! ?+ t really matt]s--! atta*m5t ( ! religi\s & moral consci\sness to ! figure ( a p>ticul> man1 :o is reg>d$ z ! ideal ( absolute p]fection1 & ! goal ( m5's vision2 to believe 9 :om is an ess5tial "p ( a religion inconceivable )\t him4 ,judaism1 & ,judaism alone1 dep5ds on no su* human 8lik5ess40 ,god is ! only idea ( absolute p]fection1 & ,he only mu/ be kept always be=e ! eye ( man's inn] consci\sness1 9 ord] t _m may 8cleave to 8 attributes40 ,! be/ ( m5 is n free f %ortcom+s & s9s1 & _c s]ve z an ideal = ! religi\s s5tim5t1 :i* /rives aft] union ) ! s\rce ( p]fection4 ,moses di$ 9 8 s91 l any o!r man4 ,he 0 simply ,god's mess5g]1 *>g$ ) ! giv+ ( ,8 ,law2 8 image 0 n work$ into ! v fabric ( ! religion1 z an ess5tial "p ( x4 ,?us ! ,jewi% tea*]s ( a lat] p]iod f\nd no?+ to %ock !m 9 ! words ( "o :o said 9 all simplicity3 8,ezra 0 wor?y to be ! be>] ( ! ,law to ,israel1 _h n ,moses come be=e him0 7,sanh$r91 #ba;a74 ,c\ld x ent] a ,*ri/ian m9d1 let u say1 to conceive ! idea t ,paul 0 wor?y to be ! be>] ( ! 8message10 _h n ,jesus come be=e him8 ,& x ne$ sc>cely be said t ! individual figures ( ! o!r ,prophets are n an ess5tial "p ( ! fabric ( ,judaism4 ,( ! greate/ ( !m--,hosea1 ,amos1 ,isaiah1 & o!rs--we d n ev5 "k :o or :at !y 72 _! p]sonalities h vani%$ l a %ad[1 & only _! words h be5 pres]v$ & h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation1 because !y 7 n _! words1 b 8! ^w ( ! ,"l t came unto !m40 ,?is applies equally to ! ,messiah1 :o is await$ 9 ! future4 ,8 importance lies n 9 himself1 b 9 8 be+ ! mess5g] ( ,god = ! br++ ( r$emption to ,israel & ! _w4 ,jewi% tea*]s pay mu* m att5tion to 8! days ( ! ,messiah0 ?an to ! ,messiah himself4 ,"o ( !m ev5 disbeliev$ altoge!r 9 a p]sonal ,messiah1 & look$ =w>d to a r$emption effect$ by ,god ,himself )\t an int]m$i>y2 & he 0 n !re=e reg>d$ z a h]etic4 ,?is *>act]i/ic ( ,judaism 0 p]haps ! pr9cipal ob/acle to its wid] acceptance4 ,x is difficult = m5 9 g5]al to f9d satisfaction 9 an ab/ract ideal :i* (f]s no hold to ! s5ses2 a human figure mu* m readily inspires en?usiasm4 ,be=e ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity ! ,greeks & ! ,romans us$ to accuse ! ,jews ( hav+ no ,god1 because a div9ity )\t 8any lik5ess0 _h = !m no mean+2 & :5 ! "t came = ! ,god ( ,israel to become also ! ,god ( ! nations1 !y /ill c\ld n accept ,8 sway )\t associat+ ) ,him a div9e ideal 9 human =m1 s z to satisfy _! ne$ = a m concrete & ne>] ideal4 ,?is is n ! place to discuss ! orig9 ( ?is di/9ctive pref]5ce on ! "p ( ,israel = an ab/ract religi\s & moral ideal4 ,be ! reason :at x may1 ! fact rema9s true1 & has be5 true ^! ?\s&s ( ye>s2 & s long z ,israel und]goes no fundam5tal *ange1 & does n become some?+ diff]5t1 x _c be influ5c$ on ! religi\s side by a book l ! ,gospels1 :i* f9ds ! object ( religi\s devotion & moral emulation n 9 ! ab/ract ,godhead alone1 b fir/ & =emo/ 9 a man born ( woman4 ,x matt]s n :e!r he be call$ 8,son ( ,god10 8,messiah10 or 8,prophet03 ,israel _c accept ) religi\s en?usiasm1 z ! ^w ( ,god1 ! utt]ances ( a man :o speaks 9 8 own "n--n 8?us sai? ! ,"l10 b 8,i say unto y40 ,?is 8,i0 is 9 itself suffici5t to drive ,judaism away f ! ,gospels = ev]4 ,& :5 our au?or speaks 9 gl[+ t]ms ( ! religi\s & moral exaltation :i* spr+ f atta*m5t to ,jesus z ! ideal ( hol9ess & p]fection1 mean+1 z is evid5t f 8 tone1 to introduce ?is atta*m5t into ,judaism 7pp4 cvii1 #baj1 #ebg71 he is simply prov+ t he & ^? :o ?9k ) him are already e/rang$ f ! ess5tial nature ( ,judaism1 :i* does n recognise ideal hol9ess & p]fection 9 man4 8,ye %all be holy1 = ,i ! ,"l y\r ,god am holy0--t is ,judaism4 8,ye %all be holy1 because ! ,messiah 7or ! ,prophet7 is holy0--t is an ideal bett] calculat$1 no d\bt1 to inspire en?usiasm & exaltation among ! peoples2 b x w nev] k9dle ! religi\s fire 9 ,israel unless ! v la/ drop ( true ,judaism be dri$ up4 ,x 0 n = no?+ t our anci5t tea*]s call$ ,god 8! holy "o1 bless$ be ,he03 = ,judaism absolute hol9ess exi/s only 9 ! "o ,god4 ,we h _h no d\bt1 at v>i\s p]iods1 our my/ic sects1 :i*1 influ5c$ consci\sly or unconsci\sly by =eign ideas1 h "h turn$ aside m or less f ! ,jewi% road4 ,b ! sect is only a tempor>y & p>tial ph5om5on1 po9t+ to "s int]nal disease :i* affects ! national life 9 a giv5 p]iod4 ,our hi/ory %[s t ! end ( ^! sects is to die out1 or to leave ,judaism4 ,sects come & sects g1 b ,judaism rema9s = ev]4 ,?is fundam5tal t5d5cy ( ,israel to rise cle> ( 8any lik5ess0 9 its religi\s & moral life is evid5t n only 9 relation to ! religi\s & moral ideal1 b also 9 relation to ! religi\s & moral goal4 ,!re is no ne$ to dilate on ! well-worn tru? t ! ,law ( ,judaism sees its goal n 9 ! 8salvation0 ( ! individual man1 b 9 ! prosp]ity & p]fection ( ! g5]al body2 t is to say1 ( ! nation1 &1 9 8! latt] end ( days10 ( ! :ole human race--a collective idea :i* has no def9$ concrete =m4 ,9 ! mo/ fruitful p]iod ( ,judaism1 ! p]iod ( ! ,prophets & 8! giv+ ( ! ,law10 x _h no cle> idea on ! subject ( ! survival ( ! s\l & rew>d & puni%m5t aft] dea?4 ,all ! en?usiasm ( ! ,prophets & _! disciples 0 d]iv$ n f ?is s\rce1 b f ! conviction ( _! be+ *ildr5 ( 8! *os5 p10 :i* 0 entru/$ by ,god 7z !y believ$7 ) ! mission ( embody+ religion & morality1 9 _! highe/ =m1 9 its national life4 ,ev5 9 lat] times1 :5 ! ,babylonian exile _h de/roy$ ! nation's fre$om1 & ! desire = individual salvation _h consequ5tly come to play a "p 9 ! religi\s consci\sness1 ! highe/ good ( ,judaism /ill rema9$ collective4 ,s*ol>s w ne$ no pro( ( ?is fact4 ,= ^? :o are n s*ol>s x w be suffici5t to exam9e ! daily & fe/ival pray]-books1 9 ord] to realise t only a small "p ( ! pray]s turns on ! p>ticul> ne$s ( ! individual1 :ile mo/ deal ) ! conc]ns ( ! nation & ! human race 9 g5]al4 ,:i* ( ^! two goals is 8sup]ior08 ,?is "q has already be5 endlessly debat$2 & ! tru? is t we _c "h e/abli% a scale ( values4 ,a man may atta9 to ! highe/ em95ce 9 8 religi\s & moral life1 :e!r he pursues ?is goal or t4 ,b individual salvation is c]ta9ly ne>] to ! he>ts ( mo/ m51 & is bett] suit$ to k9dle _! imag9ation & to inspire !m ) ! desire = moral & religi\s p]fection4 ,if ,judaism1 z di/+ui%$ f o!r religions1 pref]s ! collective goal1 ?is only means t "h also !re makes itself felt t t5d5cy to ab/raction & to ! repudiation ( ! human image :i* is peculi> to ,israel4 ,s long z ?is t5d5cy rema9s--s long1 t is1 z our p does n lose its ess5tial "*--no true ,jew w be able to feel any great fondness = ! doctr9e ( ! ,gospels--a doctr9e :i* re/s 7despite our au?or's endeav\rs to pres5t ! matt] 9 a m fav\rable light1 cf4 pp4 #baa1 #iah7 :olly & solely on ! pursuit ( individual salvation4 ,! t5d5cy ( ,judaism :i* ,i h m5tion$ %[s itself 9 yet "o o!r matt]1 & ?is p]haps ! mo/ important--9 ! basis ( morality4 ,x is an (t-repeat$ =mula t ,jewi% morality is bas$ on ju/ice1 & ! morality ( ! ,gospels on love4 ,b x seems to me t n all ^? :o draw ?is di/9ction fully appreciate its mean+4 ,x is usual to reg>d ! diff]5ce only z "o ( degree1 ! moral scale & its basis be+ ! same 9 ei!r case4 ,bo? doctr9es1 x is suppos$1 are direct$ aga9/ egoism2 b ! ,*ri/ians hold t _! religion has rea*$ a high] /age1 :ile ! ,jews refuse to admit _! claim4 ,?us ! ,*ri/ian comm5tators po9t pr\dly to ! positive pr9ciple ( ! ,gospels3 8,:atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye ev5 s unto !m0 7,matt1 vii4 #ab2 ,luke vi4 #ca71 & !reby disp>age ,judaism1 :i* has only ! negative pr9ciple ( ,hillel3 8,:at is hateful to ?yself d n unto ?y neighb\r40 ,mr4 ,montefiore debates ! matt]1 & _c make up 8 m9d :e!r ! positive pr9ciple really embraces m 9 its int5tion ?an ! negative1 or :e!r ,hillel & ,jesus meant ! same ?+4 ,b ( ?is at lea/ he is c]ta91 t if ,hillel's say+ 7 sudd5ly discov]$ some:]e 9 a positive =m1 ! ,jews w\ld be 8r pleas$10 & ! ,*ri/ians w\ld be 8r sorry0 7p4 #eej74 ,b if we look deep]1 we %all f9d t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two doctr9es on ?is po9t is n "o ( less or m1 b t !re is a fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 _! views z to ! basis ( morality4 ,x 0 n by accid5t t ,hillel put 8 pr9ciple 9 negative =m2 ! tru? is t ! moral basis ( ,judaism w n be> ! positive pr9ciple4 ,if ! positive say+ 7 to be f\nd some:]e attribut$ to ,hillel1 we %\ld n be able to rejoice2 we %\ld h to impugn ! g5u95ess ( a 8discov]y0 :i* put into ,hillel's m\? a say+ oppos$ to ! _s ( ,judaism4 ,! root ( ! di/9ction lies "h also1 z ,i h said1 9 ! love ( ,judaism = ab/ract pr9ciples4 ,! moral law ( ! ,gospels beholds man 9 8 individual %ape1 ) 8 natural attitude t[>ds himself & o!rs1 & asks him to rev]se ?is attitude1 to sub/itute ! 8o!r0 = ! 8self0 9 8 individual life1 to ab&on pla9 egoism = inv]t$ egoism4 ,= 9 tru? ! altruism ( ! ,gospels is nei!r m nor less ?an inv]t$ egoism4 ,altruism & egoism alike d5y ! individual z su* all objective moral value1 & make him m]ely a means to a subjective end2 b egoism makes ! 8o!r0 a means to ! advantage ( ! 8self10 :ile altruism does j ! rev]se4 ,n[ ,judaism remov$ ?is subjective attitude f ! moral law1 & bas$ x on an ab/ract1 objective f\ndation1 on absolute ju/ice1 :i* reg>ds ! individual z su* z hav+ a moral value1 & makes no di/9ction betwe5 ! 8self0 & ! 8o!r40 ,accord+ to ?is view1 x is ! s5se ( ju/ice 9 ! human he>t t is ! supreme judge ( a man's own actions & ( ^? ( o!r m54 ,?is s5se mu/ be made indep5d5t ( individual relations1 z ?\gh x 7 "s sep>ate ab/ract be+2 & be=e x all m51 includ+ ! self1 mu/ be equal4 ,all m51 includ+ ! self1 mu/ develop _! lives & _! faculties to ! utmo/ possible ext5t1 & at ! same "t ea* mu/ help 8 neighb\r to atta9 t goal1 s f> z he is able4 ,j z ,i h no "r to ru9 ano!r man's life = ! sake ( my own1 s ,i h no "r to ru9 my own life = ! sake ( ano!r's4 ,bo? ( u are m51 & bo? our lives h ! same value be=e ! ?rone ( ju/ice4 ,i "k no bett] illu/ration ( ?is po9t ( view ?an ! foll[+ well-kn[n ,b'rai?a3 8,imag9e two m5 j\rney+ ?r\gh ! des]t1 only "o ( :om has a bottle ( wat]4 ,if bo? ( !m dr9k1 !y mu/ bo? die2 if "o ( !m only dr9ks1 he w rea* safety4 ,b5 ,p'tura held t x 0 bett] t bo? %\ld dr9k & die1 ?an t "o %\ld witness ! dea? ( 8 comrade4 ,b ,akiba refut$ ?is view by cit+ ! scriptural v]se1 #8& ?y bro!r %all live ) !e4' ,) !e--t is to say1 ?9e own life comes be=e ?y neighb\r's0 7,baba ,m'zia1 #fb;a74 ,we d n "k :o ,b5 ,p'tura 01 b we d "k ,r4 ,akiba1 & we may be sure t ?r\gh him ! _s ( ,judaism speaks4 ,b5 ,p'tura1 ! altrui/1 does n value human life = its own sake2 = him x is bett] t two lives %\ld p]i%1 :]e dea? dem&s b "o z 8 toll1 s long z ! altrui/ic s5tim5t prevails4 ,b ,jewi% morality reg>ds ! "q f an objective /&po9t4 ,e action t leads to loss ( life is evil1 ev5 ?\gh x spr+s f ! pure/ feel+s ( love & m]cy1 & ev5 if ! suff]] is himself ! ag5t4 ,9 ! case be=e u1 :]e x is possible to save "o ( ! two s\ls1 x is a moral duty to ov]come ! feel+ ( m]cy1 & to save4 ,b to save :om8 ,ju/ice answ]s--let him :o c save himself4 ,e man's life is entru/$ to 8 keep+1 & to pres]ve y\r own *>ge is a ne>] duty ?an to pres]ve y\r neighb\r's4 ,b :5 "o came to ,raba1 & ask$ him :at he %\ld d :5 "o 9 au?ority ?reat5$ to kill him unless he w\ld kill ano!r man1 ,raba answ]$ him3 8,be kill$1 & kill n4 ,:o ha? told !e t ?y blood is r$d] ?an 88 ,p]haps 8 blood is r$d]0 7,p'sa*im1 #be;b74 ,& ,ra%i1 ^: 8s5se ( ,judaism0 g5]ally reveals to him ! hidd5 dep?s ( mean+1 correctly und]/&s ! mean+ "h also1 & expla9s ?us3 8,! "q only arises because ?\ kn[e/ t no religi\s law is b9d+ 9 ! face ( dang] to life1 & ?9ke/ t 9 ?is case also ! prohibition ( murd] ceases to be b9d+ because ?9e own life is 9 dang]4 ,b ?is transgression is unlike o!rs4 ,= d :at ?\ wilt1 !re mu/ "h be a life lo/4444 ,:o c tell !e t ?y life is m preci\s 9 ! sight ( ,god ?an 88 ,p]haps 8 is m preci\s40 ,if a man br\ght a "q l ?is to a ,*ri/ian prie/1 ! prie/ w\ld c]ta9ly beg9 to expatiate 9 gl[+ t]ms on ! duty ( a man to sacrifice 8 life = ano!r1 to 8be> 8 cross0 9 ! foot/eps ( 8 8,messiah10 s t he might w9 ! k+dom ( heav5--& s =?4 ,b ! ,jewi% tea*] weighs ! "q 9 ! scales ( objective ju/ice3 8,see+ t 9 ei!r case a life mu/ be lo/1 & !re is none to say :i* ( ! two lives is m preci\s 9 ,god's sight1 !re=e y\r own dang] does n entitle y to break ! six? comm&m5t4 ,be kill$2 kill y mu/ n60 ,b suppose ! case rev]s$2 suppose ! "q to be 8,ano!r is go+ to be kill$1 & ,i c save him by giv+ my life in/ead ( 81 :at %all ,i d80 ,!n ,raba w\ld h repli$3 8,let su* a "o be kill$1 & d n de/roy ?yself4 ,= d :at ?\ wilt !re mu/ "h be a life lo/2 & :o ha? told !e t 8 blood is r$d] ?an ?9e8 ,p]haps ?9e own is r$d]40 ,f ! /&po9t ( ,judaism e man's blood is z r$ z any o!r's1 e s\l is 8preci\s 9 ! sight ( ,god10 be x m9e or ano!r's1 !re=e no man is at lib]ty to treat 8 life z 8 own prop]ty2 no man has a "r to say3 8,i am endang]+ myself2 :at "r h o!rs to compla9 ( t80 7,maimonides' ,code1 ,laws ( ,murd]1 ,,xi4 #e74 ,! hi/ory ( ,judaism c tell1 inde$1 ( _m acts ( self-sacrifice1 ! memory ( :i* w rema9 preci\s & holy = all "t4 ,b ^! are n cases ( "o life giv5 = ! pres]vation ( ano!r simil> life1 !y are sacrifices ( human life = 8! sanctification ( ! ,"n0 7! religi\s ideal7 or = 8! good ( ! community0 7! religi\s goal74 ,& ju/ice dem&s t we rise above s5tim5t n only 9 decid+ z betwe5 ! self & ano!r1 b also 9 decid+ z betwe5 two o!r p]sons4 ,=ty ye>s ago ,abraham ,geig]--! man 9 :om our latt]-day 8,re=m]s0 see _! spiritual fa!r--po9t$ out t ! ,jewi% comm&m5t 8,nei!r %alt ?\ c\nt5ance a poor man 9 8 cause0 reveals a morality ( unp>allel$ l(t9ess4#aga ,all o!r moral codes w>n u only aga9/ fav\r+ ! p]sons ( ! ri* & ! p[]ful2 & ! ,gospels1 z is well kn[n1 fav\r ! p]sons ( ! poor1 & h mu* to say ( _! m]its & _! future greatness4 ,all ?is is v well f ! po9t ( view ( ! he>t2 b a morality bas$ on ju/ice rises above s5tim5t1 & tea*es t x is our duty to help ! poor man if we are able1 b t m]cy mu/ n induce u s f> to s9 aga9/ ju/ice z to fav\r ! poor man 9 8 suit4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] anticipates1 z ! highe/ possible developm5t ( morality1 ! trans=mation ( ! altrui/ic s5tim5t into a natural in/9ct1 s t at la/ m5 w be able to f9d no great] pleasure ?an 9 work+ = ! good ( o!rs4 ,simil>ly ,judaism1 9 con=mity ) its own way ( ?\ght1 anticipates ! developm5t ( morality to a po9t at :i* ju/ice w become an in/9ct ) good m51 s t !y w n ne$ long reflection to enable !m to decide betwe5 diff]5t c\rses ( action accord+ to ! /&>d ( absolute ju/ice1 b w feel z 9 a fla%1 & ) ! c]ta9ty ( in/9ct1 ev5 ! slighte/ deviation f ! /raight l9e4 ,human relations & social grades w n affect !m 9 ! lea/1 because ! 8true judge0 )9 !m w pron\nce ju/ly on ea* de$1 sway$ by no human relation to ! do] or ! suff]]1 consid]+ n :e!r ?is "o or t is ! self or ano!r1 is ri* or poor4 ,& s9ce ,judaism associat$ its moral aspirations ) ! 8com+ ( ! ,messiah10 x attribut$ to ! ,messiah ?is p]fection ( morality1 & said t 8he w smell & judge0 7,sanh$r91 #ic;b71 on ! basis ( ! scriptural v]se3 8,& %all make him ( quick und]/&+ ,heb4 8smell0 9 ! fe> ( ! ,"l2 & he %all n judge aft] ! sight ( 8 eyes40 8,because ! smell is a v delicate s5se1 he gives ! "n ( smell to ! mo/ delicate feel+ 444 t is to say1 ! ,messiah ) little att5tion w feel :i* m5 are good1 & :i* evil0 7,isa4 xi4 #c1 ) ,kim*i's comm5t>y74 ,b ?is developm5t lies f> ahead 9 ! hidd5 future4 ,at pres5t ! human race /ill lacks ! in/9ctive 8s5se ( ju/ice10 & ev5 ! be/ m5 are apt to be bl9d$ by self-love or prejudice1 s z to be unable to di/+ui% betwe5 good & evil4 ,at pres5t1 !re=e1 we all ne$ "s t\*/one1 "s fundam5tal pr9ciple1 to help ea* ( u to avoid weight+ ! scales ( ju/ice to suit 8 own ends or satisfy 8 p]sonal incl9ations4 ,su* a pr9ciple ,hillel gave u3 8,:at is hateful to ?yself d n unto ?y neighb\r40 ,altruism tea*es3 8,:at ?\ desire/ t o!rs %\ld d unto !e1 t d ?\ unto !m40 ,9 o!r words3 take ! circle ( egoism1 & put 9 its c5tre1 in/ead ( ! 8self10 ! 8o!r02 !n y w "k y\r :ole duty4 ,b ,judaism _c f9d satisfaction 9 ?is sub/itution1 because x dem&s t ju/ice %all be plac$ at ! c5tre ( ! circle--ju/ice1 :i* makes no di/9ction betwe5 8self0 & 8o!r40 ,n[ 9 ! circle ( egoism !re is no place = ju/ice except 9 a negative =m4 ,:at egoism does n wi% = itself--t1 c]ta9ly x w be j n to d to ano!r4 ,b :at egoism does wi% = itself is some?+ :i* has no limits2 & if y oblige a man to d ?is to o!rs1 y are incl9+ ! scales ( ju/ice to ! side ( ! 8o!r0 z aga9/ ! 8self40 ,ev5 t 8great pr9ciple 9 ! ,law0 7z ,r4 ,akiba call$ x71 8?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself10 ?\gh 9 =m x appe>s to be positive1 is 9 reality1 if rightly und]/ood1 negative4 ,if ! ,torah _h meant t a man mu/ love 8 neighb\r to ! ext5t ( sacrific+ 8 life = him1 x w\ld h said3 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r m ?an ?yself40 ,b :5 y love y\r neighb\r z y\rself1 nei!r m nor less1 !n y\r feel+s are 9 a /ate ( p]fect equilibrium1 ) no lean+ ei!r to y\r side or to y\r neighb\r's4 ,& ?is is1 9 fact1 ! true mean+ ( ! v]se4 8,self-love mu/ n be all[$ to incl9e ! scale on ! side ( y\r own advantage2 love y\r neighb\r z y\rself1 & !n inevitably ju/ice w be ! decid+ factor1 & y w d no?+ to y\r neighb\r t y w\ld consid] a wrong if x 7 done to y\rself40 ,= pro( t ?is is ! real mean+ we h only to look fur!r 9 ! same passage ( ,leviticus1 :]e we f9d3 8,& if a /rang] soj\rn ) !e 9 y\r l&1 ye %all n vex him4 ,b ! /rang] t dwelle? ) y %all be unto y z "o born among y1 & ?\ %alt love him z ?yself 7,lev4 xix4 #cc1 #cd74 ,"h x is evid5t t to love ! /rang] 8z ?yself0 means to c>ry out ! negative precept 8ye %all n vex him02 & if ! /rang] is expressly plac$ on ! same foot+ z ! native1 ?is %[s t 9 relation to ! native also ! int5tion is only t self-love mu/ n prove a /rong] motive ?an ju/ice4 ,b 9 ! ,gospels ! comm&m5t 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself0 receives an altrui/ic s5se3 x means t y\r own life is less important ?an y\r neighb\r's4 ,h5ce x is possible to f9d "s small ju/ification = ! habit :i* ,*ri/ians h ( attribut+ ?is v]se to ! ,gospels1 z ?\gh x appe>$ !re1 & n 9 ! ,mosaic ,law1 = ! fir/ "t4 ,x is true t ! mean+ :i* !y put on ! v]se belongs n to our ,law1 b to ! ,gospels4#agb ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 addition to ! relation ( individual to individual1 !re is ano!r & m important moral relation--t ( nation to nation4 ,"h also "s 8great pr9ciple0 is ne$$ to keep )9 b\nds t national egoism :i* is fraught1 p]haps1 ) ev5 great] dang] to ! collective progress ( humanity ?an individual egoism4 ,if we look at ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity1 9 reg>d to ! basis ( morality1 f ?is po9t ( view1 we %all see at once t ! altruism ( ! ,gospels is 9 no way suit$ to s]ve z a basis = int]national relations4 ,a nation c nev] believe t its moral duty lies 9 self-abasem5t1 & 9 ! r5unciation ( its rights = ! b5efit ( o!r nations4 ,on ! contr>y1 e nation feels & kn[s t its moral duty is to keep its position & use its p[]s z a means ( creat+ = itself satisfactory conditions ( life1 9 :i* x c develop its pot5tialities to ! utmo/4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ,*ri/ian nations c\ld n base _! relations "o ) ano!r on ! moral basis ( _! religion1 national egoism inevitably rema9$ ! sole det]m9+ =ce 9 int]national politics1 & 8patriotism10 9 ! ,bism>ckian s5se1 atta9$ ! dignity ( ! ultimate moral basis4 ,b ! ,jewi% law ( ju/ice is n conf9$ )9 ! n>r[ sph]e ( individual relations4 ,9 its ,jewi% s5se ! precept1 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself10 c be c>ri$ out by a :ole nation 9 its deal+s ) o!r nations4 ,= ?is precept does n oblige a nation to sacrifice1 = ! b5efit ( o!r nations1 its life or its position4 ,x is1 on ! contr>y1 ! duty ( e nation1 z ( ! individual human be+1 to live & to develop to ! utmo/ ext5t ( its p[]s2 b at ! same "t x mu/ recognise ! "r ( o!r nations to fulfil ! l duty )\t let or h9drance1 & 8patriotism0--t is1 national egoism--mu/ n induce x to disreg>d ju/ice1 & to fulfil itself ?r\gh ! de/ruction ( o!r nations4#agc ,h5ce ,judaism 0 able ?\s&s ( ye>s ago to rise to ! l(ty ideal express$ 9 ! words1 8,nation %all n lift up sword aga9/ nation40 ,?is ideal is1 9 fact1 only an inevitable logical consequ5ce ( ! idea ( absolute ju/ice1 :i* lies at ! f\ndation ( ,judaism4 ,_m pages might be fill$ ) ! fur!r developm5t ( ^! g5]al ideas2 & z _m m might )\t difficulty be giv5 to an exposition ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! two doctr9es 9 po9ts ( detail1 9 su* a way z to %[ t ! detail$ diff]5ces are b ! outcome ( ! broad & fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity1 & t all ! compromises & concessions :]eby ,mr4 ,montefiore tries to make peace betwe5 ! two cre$s h no real value1 ei!r !oretical or practical4 ,b x is n my purpose "h to write a book1 & ,i w cont5t myself1 s f> z g5]al pr9ciples are conc]n$1 ) ! brief h9ts above set =?4 ,z = details1 ,i w t\* "h on only "o po9t1 to :i* our au?or himself atta*es m ?an ord9>y importance1 & w leave ! read] to draw 8 own conclusions z to ! re/4 ,! ,gospels1 unlike ,judaism1 =bid divorce1 ei!r absolutely1 z 9 ! v]sion ( ,m>k 7x4 #b-ab71 or ) an exception 9 ! case ( unfai?fulness1 z 9 ! v]sion ( ,mat!w 7xix4 #c-ab74 ,at ! pres5t "t1 :5 all ,*ri/ian nations are /ruggl+ ) ! prohibition ( divorce1 :i* came to !m f ! ,gospels1 & are try+ to annul x or re/rict its op]ation )9 n>r[ limits1 x may be tak5 z fairly evid5t t ! recognition ( divorce1 ev5 on o!r gr\nds ?an unfai?fulness1 is dem&$ by ! consci5ce ( society4 ,nor is x surpris+ t ,judaism1 ) its ess5tially social aim1 has be5 true to its g5]al _s 9 its attitude on ?is "q1 & has decid$1 ) ! s*ool ( ,hillel1 t divorce is p]missible n alone on ! gr\nd ( unfai?fulness1 b also :5 !re is f o!r causes a rupture ( ! bond ( sympa?y betwe5 man & wife4 ,! important ?+ "h is n ! cause1 b ! effect--! rupture )9 ! home1 :i* mu/ l[] ! moral tone ( ! life ( ! family1 & int]f]e ) ! prop] upbr++ ( ! *ildr54 ,long exp]i5ce has taught ,judaism t !re is no reason to g back on ?is decision4 ,ev5 ! enemies ( ,israel _c d5y t ,jewi% family life has rea*$ a high level ( morality2 & a result l ?is does n come ab\t by a miracle1 9 ! tee? ( ! national code ( law1 lea/ ( all 9 ! case ( ! ,jews1 ^: life has always be5 s pr(\ndly influ5c$ by ! prescriptions ( ! ,torah4#agd ,x mu/ inde$ be admitt$ t at fir/ only ! husb& _h ! "r ( divorce1 & no wife c\ld divorce h] husb&4 ,9 con=mity ) ! primitive view 7a view /ill widely accept$ all ov] ! _w7 t man alone is important1 & woman is b 8an help meet = him10 x 0 dem&$ above all ?+s ( ! husb& t 8 position 9 ! home %\ld correspond to 8 moral obligations z ! fa!r ( ! family1 & t he %\ld n be compell$ by law to live ) a woman :o 0 di/a/eful to him1 & to become ! fa!r ( 8*ildr5 ( a hat$ wife40 ,b :5 once x came to be recognis$ t m>ri$ life _c tol]ate con/ra9t1 ?is recognition1 limit$ at fir/ to ! side ( ! husb&1 0 b\nd to be gradually ext5d$ to ! wife4 ,h5ce arose ! provisions "u :i* a man may be compell$ to divorce 8 wife 7,k'?ubo?1 *4 vii74 ,^! provisions enabl$ ! wife to obta9 a divorce aga9/ ! husb&'s w1 by decree ( ! c\rts1 on _m & v>i\s gr\nds4 ,?us x is impossible to ass]t t ,judaism does n all[ a woman to divorce h] husb&4 ,9 ! cases j m5tion$ x is1 9 fact1 ! wife :o divorces1 ?\gh ! bill ( divorcem5t is te*nically giv5 by ! husb&4 ,:at matt]s is n :o p]=ms ! legal action1 b ^: wi% x is t br+s ab\t ! divorce4 ,?is t5d5cy to emancipate ! wife rea*$ its highe/ developm5t 9 ! dictum ( ,maimonides1 t if a woman says 8,my husb& is di/a/eful to me1 & ,i _c live ) him10 al?\gh %e gives no specific reason = h] dislike1 ! husb& is yet compell$ to divorce h]1 8because %e is n l a captive woman1 t %e %\ld consort ) a man :om %e hates0 7,laws ( ,m>riage1 xiv4 #h74 ,"h we see ! ,jewi% attitude to m>riage 9 its full developm5t4 ,m>riage is a social & moral cord1 ! two ends ( :i* are 9 ! he>ts ( husb& & wife2 & if ! cord is brok5 at ei!r end--:e!r 9 ! husb&'s he>t or 9 ! wife's--! m>riage has lo/ its value1 & x is be/ t x %\ld be annull$4 ,x is true t ! juri/s :o came aft] ,maimonides c\ld n rise to ! conception ( s p]fect an equality ( ! sexes1 & did n :olly accept 8 dictum4 ,b ! m]e fact t ! greate/ au?ority d$uc$ ?is decision f ! ,talmud 7& ! ,talmud1 9 fact1 af=ds gr\nd = 8 view--see ,maggid ,mi%nah ad loc47 is pro( conclusive z to ! real t5d5cy ( ! ,jewi% law ( divorce1 & %[s :i!r x leads 9 ! /raight l9e ( developm5t4 ,b ! ,new ,te/am5t view ( m>riage & divorce reveals a v diff]5t t5d5cy 7,mat!w & ,m>k1 locc4 citt42 ,paul1 ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 vii474 ,z 9 all ! tea*+ ( ! ,gospels1 s "h ! important ?+ is individual salvation4 ,= ! sake ( 8 individual salvation x is bett] t a man %\ld n m>ry at all1 b %\ld 8suff]10 & be 8a eunu* = ! k+dom ( heav5's sake40 ,b he :o has n /r5g? to suff] may ent] into ! cov5ant ( m>riage ) a woman2 only ?is cov5ant1 too1 is an individual matt]1 bas$ on religi\s my/]ies1 n a social & moral act1 & !re=e x c nev] be annull$1 ev5 if x results 9 injury to ! life ( society4 8,he :i* made !m at ! beg9n+ made !m male & female & said 444 !y twa9 %all be "o fle%4 ,:]e=e !y are no m twa91 b "o fle%4 ,:at !re=e ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r1 let n man put asund]40 ,f ?is /&po9t x is immat]ial :e!r !re is love or hatr$ betwe5 ! c\ple1 :e!r _! union is or is n a good ?+ = ! life ( ! family & ( society4 ,all ?is does n affect ! real po9t3 ,god has unit$ !m1 & h[ %all man d>e to sep>ate !m8#age ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 correctly und]/&+ ! ,gospel tea*+1 has built c\ntless h\ses ( refuge = celibates ( bo? sexes1 & has =bidd5 divorce absolutely1 )\t reg>d to all ! evil results ( ?is prohibition 9 ! embitt]m5t ( ! life ( families & ! moral corruption ( ?\s&s ( m5 & wom54 ,o!r ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es h /opp$ %ort ( ?is extreme1 b h /ill be5 unable to free !mselves f ! ,gospel /&po9t1 s t until rec5tly !y h tri$ to re/rict & r5d] ineffective ! recognition ( divorce4 ,b n[ at la/ all ,*ri/ian nations are beg9n+ to see t ?is /&po9t is n productive ( good to ! _w1 & are approa*+ ne>] to ! ,jewi% view4#agf ,b ,*ri/ian !ologians1 9 comm5t+ on ! ,gospels1 _c give up t great pr9ciple ( !irs1 t ! ,gospel tea*+ is always bas$ on a high] morality ?an t ( ,judaism4 ,& 9 ?is case1 too1 !y h f\nd a way--r f>-fet*$1 x is true--( e/abli%+ ! tru? ( _! pr9ciple4 ,9 =bidd+ divorce1 !y say1 ,jesus only meant to prote/ aga9/ ! inju/ice ( ,judaism to ! wife1 :o c\ld be divorc$ b c\ld n divorce4 ,he !re=e took ! "r ( divorce away f ! husb&1 s t he %\ld h no advantage ov] ! wife4 ,"h1 !n1 is moral 8progress10 a battle on woman's behalf aga9/ ! ori5tal b>b>ism ( ! ,jews1 & s =?4 ,we might p]haps po9t out t !re 0 a m s5sible way ( be/[+ equality on ! wife1 if t 0 ,jesus' object--to wit1 by giv+ ! wife also ! "r ( divorce4 ,& we might ask1 fur!r1 h[ x is t ,mat!w1 :o all[s ! husb& to divorce 8 wife = h] unfai?fulness1 nev] h9ts at any "r on ! "p ( ! wife to dem& a divorce f ! husb& on ! gr\nd ( 8 unfai?fulness4#agg ,:]e1 9 fact1 is ! vaunt$ ass]tion ( ! wife's rights8 ,! comm5tators v\*safe no answ] to ^! pla9 & simple que/ions4 ,b1 inde$1 !re is no ne$ ( mu* que/ion+4 ,x mu/ be p]fectly cle> to all :o read ^! passages 9 ! ,gospels )\t pre-conceiv$ ideas t ,jesus1 9 prohibit+ divorce1 _h n ! remote/ notion ( fight+ ! wife's battle4 ,! plea is f beg9n+ to end a !ological inv5tion1 design$ to bol/] up ! !ory4 ,let u n[ see :at our ,jewi% comm5tator has to say on ?is subject 7pp4 #bce-db1 #ejh-aj1 #fhh-ib74 ,:oev] has n ! leisure or ! incl9ation to read ! :ole elev5 hundr$ pages ( ,mr4 ,montefiore's book w f9d x suffici5t to read ! pages giv5 to ?is "q1 9 ord] to obta9 an adequate idea ( ! real _s :i* prevails among our au?or's foll[+4 ,z he repeat$ly p\rs out ! vials ( 8 wra? 9 h>% & crude d5unciations ( ! ,jewi% law ( divorce1 8 tone is t ( a monk j em]g+1 ,gospel 9 h&1 f 8 retreat1 :o has no desire to "k any?+ :atev] z to ! views :i* prevail at ! pres5t day 9 ! _w ar\nd him4 ,x is 8to 8 et]nal di%on\r0 t ,hillel all[$ divorce on o!r gr\nds ?an t ( un*a/ity2 x is 8mo/ un=tunate0 = ! ,rabb9ic law t x endors$ 8 decision4 ,b 8! un]r+ e?ical in/9ct ( ,jesus l$ him to put 8 f+] ^u ! weak spots & sore places ( ! e/abli%$ religion10 & 8( all su* weak spots & sore places ?is 0 ! weake/ & ! sore/40 ,h5ce 89 no o!r po9t 0 ! opposition ( ,jesus to ! ,rabb9ic law ( pr(\nd] significance0 7p4 #bce74 ,9 ?is /ra9 our au?or cont9ues1 ) a v>i$ selection ( *oice phrases4 ,nor does he =get to adopt f ! ,*ri/ian comm5tators ! !ory t ! ,gospels 7 fight+ ! wife's battle2 he repeats x sev]al times1 "h also 9 a tone ( h>% condemnation ( ,judaism & grateful praise ( ,jesus 7p4 #bdj & else:]e74 ,x does n occur to him t ! ,*ri/ian comm5tators 7 driv5 to inv5t ?is !ory because !y saw t f ! /&po9t ( our own age ! prohibition ( divorce is n 9 itself a sign ( moral progress4 ,b if ! recognition ( divorce on o!r gr\nds ?an t ( unfai?fulness is 8an et]nal di%on\r10 !n ( c\rse !re is no ne$ to inv5t ?is plea ( a battle = ! wife's rights1 ! m]e prohibition be+ suffici5t pro( ( 8progress40 ,nay1 !re seems to be m lo/ ?an ga9$ by ?is 8battle10 = if t 0 really ! int5tion ( ! prohibition ( divorce1 !n ! prohibition mu/ ( necessity be absolute 7to ! exclusion ev5 ( ! gr\nd ( unfai?fulness71 s9ce o!rwise we are at a loss to und]/& :y ! wife1 too1 0 n p]mitt$ to obta9 a divorce on t gr\nd4 ,b our au?or himself admits t ! prohibition ( divorce 9 case ( unfai?fulness _h v evil results 7p4 #bdb74 ,:]e1 !n1 is ! 8un]r+ e?ical in/9ct08 ,!re are o!r simil> difficulties1 & ev5 pla9 inconsi/5cies1 to be f\nd 9 our au?or's treatm5t ( ?is subject4 ,b we h already dwelt on x at suffici5t l5g?4 ,:oev] reads all ! relat$ passages 9 ! book w be satisfi$ t !re is "h nei!r logic nor 8sci5ce10 nor true1 unbiass$ judgm5t1 b su* p>tiality to ,jesus & ! ,gospels z ! mo/ pi\s ,*ri/ian might envy4 ,x may be wor? :ile1 by way ( complet+ ! picture1 to add j "o fur!r po9t4 ,:5 our au?or rea*es ! end ( ! passage 9 ,mat!w1 :]e ! 8eunu*s = ! k+dom ( heav5's sake0 are extoll$1 he f9ds himself 9 "s p]plexity 7pp4 #fij1 #fia74 ,cle>ly1 8 moral s5se is revolt$4 ,b h[ g5tle is 8 language6 ,y w f9d no?+ "h ab\t 8et]nal di%on\r0 or ! l4 ,he l[]s 8 voice 9 submissive rev]5ce1 & tries to f9d excuses = ! ,gospel1 s t y _c recognise 9 him t 8high] tribunal0 :i* condemn$ )\t m]cy :at he ?\ght ! 8weak spot0 9 ! law ( 8 ance/ors4 ,true1 ?is fact dem&s no comm5t2 b ,i am rem9d$ ( ! au?or's anticipation 7,introduction1 p4 xix7 t ,*ri/ian critics w\ld f9d him too ,jewi%1 & ,jewi% critics too ,*ri/ian1 & ,i m]ely wi% to rem>k t ?is diff]5ce ( attitude w /amp him1 ev5 9 ! eyes ( ,jewi% critics1 z1 9 "o respect at lea/1 too mu* ( a ,jew4 ,aft] :at has be5 said above1 x may p]haps appe> to _m t x 0 n wor? :ile to give s mu* att5tion to su* a book1 & possibly f ! po9t ( view ( s*ol>%ip & lit]ature !y are "r4 ,b1 z ,i h already h9t$1 ! book des]ves special att5tion z a revelation ( ! psy*ology ( a c]ta9 section ( ,jews4 ,x %[s u a new k9d ( ,jew1 hi!rto unkn[n to hi/ory1 :o has lo/ e trace ( ! mighty sorr[ :i* 8 ance/ors felt = ! exile ( ! nation & ! exile ( ! ,%e*9ah1#agh & :o yet has a sorr[ ( 8 own--! sorr[ ( a mean+less isolation4 ,he sees t ! _w has gone its own way1 leav+ ! ,jews alone ) _! ,torah4 ,?is isolation is n unbe>able s long z ! ,jew und]/&s or feels t x is necess>y to ! pres]vation ( 8 sacr$ ideals2 b ! real ne$ = x c c]ta9ly n be felt by ^? ,jews :o ?9k t ! diff]5ce betwe5 !mselves & _! neighb\rs is 8ext]nal & artificial10 & = :om ,judaism is no?+ b a de> inh]itance1 :i* mu/ be pres]v$ out ( respect = _! fa!rs4 ,h5ce !y seek 9 v>i\s ways to escape f _! isolation4 ,?irte5 ye>s ago !y believ$ t !y c\ld atta9 _! object by bas+ ,judaism on c]ta9 univ]sal beliefs ( ! ,!i/s4 ,n[ !y recognise t ?is is n en\gh2 !y g a /ep fur!r1 & tack on ,jesus & ! ,gospels4 ,?is developm5t appe>s cle>ly f _m passages 9 ! book "u notice1 ( :i* ,i w quote "h "o ( ! mo/ explicit3 8,dogmatic ,*ri/ianity 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies may disappe>2 ,tr9it>ianism may be succe$$ by ,unit>ianism2 b ! words ( ,jesus w /ill cont9ue to move & *e] ! he>t ( man4 ,if ,judaism does n1 z x 71 come to t]ms ) ! ,gospels1 x mu/ always be1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 a cre$ 9 a corn]1 ( little influ5ce & ) no expansive p[]4 ,or?odox ,jews w\ld1 ,i suppose1 say t !y want no m4 ,lib]al ,jews %\ld be less easily satisfi$0 7p4 #ijf74 ,we c c]ta9ly und]/& ! /ate ( m9d ( ^! ,jews2 b !y !mselves ought also to und]/& x aright4 ,!y w\ld !n see t _! /ate ( m9d has no relation to ! "q ( 8or?odox0 & 8lib]al0 ,judaism 9 ! usual s5se ( ! words4 ,a ,jew may be a lib]al ( lib]als1 )\t =gett+ t ,judaism 0 born 89 a corn]0 & has always liv$ 89 a corn]10 ap>t f ! great _w1 :i* has nev] und]/ood x1 & !re=e hates x4 ,su* 0 ! lot ( ,judaism be=e ! rise ( ,*ri/ianity1 & su* x has rema9$ s9ce4 ,hi/ory has n yet satisfactorily expla9$ h[ x came ab\t t a t9y nation 9 a corn] ( ,asia produc$ a unique religi\s & moral po9t ( view1 :i* has _h s pr(\nd an influ5ce on ! re/ ( ! _w1 & has yet rema9$ s =eign to ! re/ ( ! _w1 unable to ?is day ei!r to conqu] x or to surr5d] to x4 ,?is is a hi/orical ph5om5on to :i*1 despite a multitude ( attempt$ answ]s1 we mu/ /ill atta* a note ( int]rogation4 ,b e true ,jew1 be he 8or?odox0 or 8lib]al10 feels deep d[n 9 8 be+ t !re is some?+ 9 ! _s ( our p--?\gh we "k n :at x is--t kept x f ! high-road tak5 by o!r nations1 & impell$ x to build up ,judaism on ^? f\ndations = ! sake ( :i* ! p rema9s to ?is day conf9$ 89 a corn]0 ) its religion1 be+ incapable ( r5\nc+ !m4 ,let !m :o /ill h ?is feel+ rema9 )9 ! fold2 let !m :o h lo/ x g else:]e4 ,!re is no room "h = compromise4 ,footnote #afg3 ,jewi% ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,janu>y1 #ahig1 p4 #ahg4 ,footnote #afh3 ,notes ( ?is k9d are f\nd "r ?r\gh ! book 7see e4g4 pp4 #dih-ejc1 #fia-c1 & _m o!r places72 & x is unfair ( "s ,jewi% critics to h pass$ ov] ?is fact 9 sil5ce1 & to h describ$ ! book z ?\gh x 7 ?r\gh\t simply an attack on ,judaism4 ,footnote #afi3 ,introduction1 pp4 xvii4 xviii4 ci4 ,footnote #agj3 ,! /ory is t a hea!n made ?is dem& ( ,hillel1 ^: reply 03 8,:at is hateful to ?yself d n unto ?y neighb\r--t is ! :ole ,torah1 & ! re/ is comm5t>y3 g ?\ & fulfil x40 ,footnote #aga3 ,das ,jud5tum und se9e ,ges*i*te 7#bnd edition71 p4 #bf4 ,footnote #agb3 ,john ,/u>t ,mill writes3 8,9 ju/ice to ! great ,hebrew lawgiv]1 x %\ld always be rememb]$ t ! precept to love ?y neighb\r z ?yself already exi/$ 9 ! ,p5tateu*2 & v surpris+ x is to f9d x !re0 7,?ree ,essays on ,religion1 #bnd edition1 p4 #ih74 ,_h ,mill und]/ood ! precept 9 its orig9al s5se1 he w\ld c]ta9ly n h be5 surpris$ to f9d x 9 ! ,mosaic ,law4 ,b ev5 s logical a ?9k] c\ld n free himself f ! influ5ces ( 8 education & 8 environm5t1 & he did n see t a mean+ _h be5 read into ?is v]se :i* 0 oppos$ to its lit]al s5se4 ,footnote #agc3 ,! ,russian philosoph] ,vladimir ,solovi(f 0 ! fir/1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 to attempt to f9d a moral basis = int]national relations 9 ! precept 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself10 tak5 9 ! s5se m5tion$ above4 ,?is philosoph] 0 an untir+ /ud5t ( ,judaism1 = :i* he _h an appreciation unusual among ,*ri/ians--a fact n )\t its significance4 ,footnote #agd3 ,mr4 ,montefiore1 inde$1 does n admit ?is4 ,9 8 op9ion ! morality ( ,jewi% family life is a fact n because ( ! laws1 b 9 spite ( !m4 ,if y ask h[ su* a ?+ is possible1 he replies some:at z foll[s3 ,x has already be5 rem>k$ t ,judaism does n obey ! laws ( cause & effect1 & we sometimes see a c]ta9 t5d5cy 9 ,jewi% life :i* ought logically to h c]ta9 effects1 b has 9 practice j ! opposite results 7p4 #cce74 ,truly an easy & com=table 8philosophy ( hi/ory06 ,footnote #age3 ,ev5 ,mat!w1 :o p]mits divorce on ! gr\nd ( unfai?fulness1 makes ?is exception 7z "s ,*ri/ian comm5tators h po9t$ out7 only because ! sanctity ( ! m>riage is pr(an$ by ! s91 & ! div9e union is annull$ ( itself4 ,! po9t ( view is ess5tially ! same 9 bo? v]sions4 ,footnote #agf3 ,9 ,engl& ! "q has become s acute t ! ,gov]nm5t has appo9t$ a ,commission to f9d means ( mak+ divorce easi]4 ,m5 ( k & exp]i5ce1 9 evid5ce be=e ! ,commission1 h express$ ! op9ion t ! re/riction ( ! possibility ( divorce has v evil results4 ,footnote #agg3 ,9 ,engl& ! law to-day is /ill 9 ! _s ( ,mat!w2 ! wife's unfai?fulness is suffici5t gr\nd ( divorce = ! husb&1 b ! rev]se does n hold good4 ,footnote #agh3 ,div9e ,pres5ce4 ,see p4 #ig4 ,,index ,ab/ract ideal--a *>act]i/ic ( ,jewi% religi\s & moral outlook1 #bcj sqq41 #bce sq4 ,a*ad ,ha-,am1 vii1 viii1 xii1 xxii ,agr>ian ,cr$it ,bank1 #ach sq41 #add ,akiba1 ,r41 #bcg1 #bda4 ,alliance ,isralite ,univ]selle1 #df 7footnote7 ,altruism inv]t$ egoism1 #bcf1 #bdj-c ,anti-,semitism1 #db sq41 #fa sqq41 #fg sqq41 #ha1 #acd sq41 #bbc ,arabs1 xx1 #add1 #adg ---- ,national *>act]i/ics (1 #bj ,assimilation1 #be1 #ej1 #ed1 #fd1 #ig1 #ajf sqq41 #bbc ,assimilationi/s1 #hb ,auto-,emancipation1 viii1 #eg2 analys$1 #fa-hj2 comp>$ ) ,d] ,jud5/aat1 #ha-hc ,balf\r ,decl>ation1 xii sqq4 8,b>on10 ,!--,see 8,ro?s*ild0 ,basle ,programme1 #acc1 #adc1 #aed1 #aeh ,bezalel 7,s*ool ( ,arts & ,crafts71 #afj ,briti% ,gov]nm5t & ,zionism1 xiv sqq4 7,see also 8,ug&a07 8,captur+ lab\r10 #adf1 #adi1 #aeb ,c5tre1 spiritual1 #abj-abi 7,see also 8,pale/9e07 ,*alukah1 #c1 #d ,*>t]1 xi1 #eg1 #hd ,*ibba? ,zion1 viii sq41 #ae1 #be1 #cb sq41 #da sq41 #dd 7footnote71 #de1 #dh1 #ed1 #ef1 #hi 7footnote71 #id ,*ovev ,zion1 viii sqq41 #ae sqq41 #bi1 #db1 #eb1 #ee sqq41 #hd1 #ig sq41 #aaa 7footnote71 #abd1 #acd ,*ri/ianity1 #bbd sqq4 ---- & ,judaism1 #bbi sqq4 ,*wolson quot$1 #bc ,collectivism1 ,jewi%1 #h1 #ahj1 #bcc sq41 #bci ,colonies1 ,pale/9ian1 ix1 #b1 #ad1 #ai1 #cf1 #eh1 #ada-aec1 #aee-g ,colonisation ( ,pale/9e1 ix1 xi1 #b1 #ac1 #ah1 #bi1 #ch1 #dd 7footnote71 #acj sqq41 #ach sqq4 ,congress1 ,zioni/3 #a/1 x1 #be sqq41 #cb sqq41 #ce1 #ch1 #dh sqq41 #abd1 #acj ---- #g?1 #aja ---- #aj?1 #acj sqq4 ,culture1 ,jewi% national1 #de1 #dg sqq41 #ia1 #aeg-afj ,democracy1 #ih 8,demonopa?y10 #fc ,diaspora1 xiv1 #ci1 #dd1 #he1 #aja1 #aaa1 #abc sq41 #aee sq41 #afj1 #afb ,die ,welt 7,zioni/ organ71 #cc 7footnote71 #ej1 #ec ,diplomacy1 #bh1 #ca1 #ii ,divorce1 ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian attitude to1 #bdd-i ,egoism1 #aa ---- attitude ( ,judaism & ( ,*ri/ianity to1 #bce1 #bdj-c ,emancipation1 viii1 #dc1 #ej1 #ff sq41 #ajg ,engli% ,jewry1 #bbc sqq4 ,engli% ,jews1 #gh galu?1 viii sq41 xx1 #dd1 #ge1 #ib1 #ie ---- tw(old "* (1 #if sq41 #ii1 #aja1 #ajd1 #aaj1 #abc sq4 ,geig]1 ,abraham1 #bci ,ghetto1 exodus ( ,judaism f1 #dc 8,gold5 ,rule10 positive & negative =ms (1 #bce sq4 ,gospels1 #bbf sqq41 #bcd sqq41 #bdb sqq41 #bdg sqq4 ,hebrew education 9 ,pale/9e1 #aeg-i ,hebrew language1 x1 #cc1 #ia sqq41 #aaj1 #acf 7footnote71 #aee-f1 #aeh sq41 #bah sq4 ,hebrew lit]ature1 #ia sq41 #aab sq4 ,hebrew type ( life 9 ,pale/9e1 #aee sq41 #aeh ,h]zl1 ,dr4 ,!odor1 x sqq41 #cc1 #ch1 #ci1 #dh1 #ec1 #eg1 #ei1 #gd1 #gg sqq41 #hh sq4 ,hilfsv]e9 d] deuts*5 ,jud51 #df 7footnote71 #aei ,hillel1 #bbi 7footnote71 #bce1 #bdj1 #bde1 #bdi ,ideas1 new--conditions necess>y = _! success1 #e sqq4 ---- misund]/&+ (1 due to psy*ological causes1 #abj sq4 ---- process ( developm5t (1 #a1 #ib sq41 #aab ,impud5ce1 #aad sqq4 ,individualism1 ,*ri/ian1 #bcd ---- ,jewi%1 #i sqq41 #ag1 #bb 8,+a!r+ ( ! ,exiles10 #ch1 #ha1 #if1 #aaa ,jesus1 #bbf1 #bcj1 #bdh sqq4 ,jewi% ,*ronicle1 #acf 7footnote7 ,jewi% ,colonisation ,association1 #aea 8,jewi% problem10 x1 #be1 #cd sqq41 #fa sqq4 ---- moral aspect (1 #ce1 #dj sqq41 #fi1 #gc sqq41 #ha1 #abd1 #afd ,jewi% ,qu>t]ly ,review1 quotation f1 #bbe 8,jewi% ,/ate10 x1 xx1 #bf sqq41 #ce sqq41 #de sqq41 #ed1 #fb1 #gj sqq41 #gh1 #hb sq41 #he1 #acc ,jewi% ,t]ritorial ,organisation1 xii1 #aja 7footnote7 ,jo*anan b5 ,zakkai1 ,r41 #de ,judaism & political ,zionism1 #de sqq41 #dh ---- & ! ideal ( int]nationalism1 #bdb sqq4 ----1 problem (1 #db sqq41 #fa ---- _s (1 #dd1 #bbd1 #bbi sqq4 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity1 #bbd1 #bbi sqq4 ,jud5/aat1 ,d]1 x1 #eg1 #gd1 #gg sqq41 #ha sqq41 #he1 #hi ,ju/ice1 basis ( ,jewi% morality1 #bcd sqq4 ---- 9 int]national relations1 #bdc-d ,kim*i quot$1 #bdj ,lab\r problem 9 ,pale/9e1 #adf-aeb ,law ( ,moses1 #h1 #aa1 #bb1 #aha sqq41 #bdb 8,lib]al0 ,judaism1 #beb sq4 ,lili5blum1 ,moses ,leib1 #cd1 #dg ,love1 basis ( morality ( ,gospels1 #bcd sqq4 ,luzzatto1 ,s4 ,d41 8 criticisms ( ,maimonides1 #baj1 #bah 7footnote7 ,maimonides quot$1 #bch1 #bdf ---- 8 comm&+ place 9 ,jewi% ?\ght1 #afb-c ---- 8 philosophical sy/em1 #afd-aha ---- 8 attitude to reveal$ religion1 #aha-aid ---- supremacy ( ,reason 9 8 sy/em1 #aid-bjb1 #bji-baa ---- 8 pr9cipal works1 #bjc-bjg ---- 8 8h]esy10 #bjh-i ---- 8 attitude to ! national s5tim5t1 #bab-bbb ---- 8 attitude to ! ,hebrew language1 #bah-i ,may ,laws1 viii sq4 ,messiah1 xxii1 #bg1 #cb1 #aad sqq41 #aec ---- 9 ,maimonides' sy/em1 #bae sqq41 #bca sq4 ,messianic ,age1 #aj1 #fb ,messianism1 xi sq41 #aag sqq4 ,mill1 ,john ,/u>t1 quot$1 #bdb 7footnote7 8,mission0 ( ,israel1 #ge sq4 ,montefiore1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,g41 #bbg sqq4 #bcd1 #bdd1 #bde 7footnote71 #bdi sqq4 ,moses1 #gg1 #he1 #bcj 7,see also 8,law ( ,moses07 ,national *>act]i/ics1 #bj sqq4 ---- consci\sness1 #gd1 #gf1 #hd ---- idea1 #a sqq41 #ag ---- s5tim5t1 ix sq41 #c1 #h sqq41 #ae1 #ah1 #ba sqq41 #bab sqq4 ---- _s1 #ib1 #ig1 #aja sq41 #ajf sqq41 #aac1 #acf1 #adj1 #bec 7,see also 8,culture07 ,national ,bank1 #ach ,national ,fund1 xi1 #bh1 #cg1 #hj1 #aci sq41 #adh1 #aef-g1 #afj ,national ,home1 xii1 xv sqq4 ,national rights1 #fd-e 7footnote7 ,nationalism1 ,jewi%1 bir? (1 #a1 #ic ,new ,te/am5t1 #bbf sqq41 #bdg ,nietzs*e1 #ahj ,nordau1 ,dr4 ,max1 #cj1 #cd sq41 #acd ,pale/9e z spiritual c5tre ( ,jewry1 #dd1 #ig1 #aja1 #aaj1 #abj-abi1 #acb1 #acf1 #aed-e1 #afj ,p5tateu* 7,see 8,law ( ,moses07 ,peta*-,tikvah1 #aec 7footnote7 ,p9sk]1 ,dr4 ,leo1 viii1 x1 #ef-ij ---- 8 pamphlet1 #fa-hc ---- 8 m]its & 8 reputation1 #hd-ij ,pogroms1 viii sq4 8,prolet>ian ,zionism10 #abh sq4 ,prophets1 #bf sq41 #cj sq41 #de1 #hc1 #bca1 #bcc ,ra%i quot$1 #bcg ,r$emption1 xx1 #cj1 #ch1 #ajj sqq41 #acg1 #aeb sqq41 #aeg sq4 ,re=m ,movem5t 9 ,judaism1 #bbc sqq4 ,religion z common bond ( ,jews1 #c ---- satisfies individual ne$s1 ib4 ---- 9 ,maimonides' sy/em1 #aha sqq41 #bbj sqq4 ,resurrection1 belief 91 #aj1 #aa ---- 9 ,maimonides' sy/em1 #bae sqq4 ,revival1 #ab1 #id1 #ii1 #aji sqq41 #aef ,ri%on-le-,zion1 #ah ,romanticism1 #aac ,ro?s*ild1 ,b>on ,edmond de1 ix1 #d ,self-pres]vation1 in/9ct (1 #aca sq4 ,%e*9ah 7,div9e ,pres5ce71 #ig1 #beb ,%ekalim1 #acg ,smol5sk91 ,p]ez1 #hi 7footnote7 ,socialism1 #ajb1 #aje1 #aah 7footnote71 #aai1 #abh 7footnote7 ,solovi(f1 ,vladimir1 #bdc 7footnote7 ,somb>t1 ,w41 #ajc ,sp5c]1 ,h]b]t1 #bci 8,spiritual0 7,see 8,c5tre10 8,revival10 & 8,zionism07 8,spiritual prolet>iat10 #aje ,sublim9al self1 #aba1 #abf1 #acf 8,summa ,summ>um10 xiii ,synoptic ,gospels1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,g4 ,montefiore's1 #bbg sqq4 ,tel-,aviv1 #aeg 8,t]ritorialism10 #ajj 8,! ,wrong ,way10 vii 8,?irte5 ,articles10 #afc ,torah1 #bbi1 #bde 7,see also 8,law ( ,moses07 8,ug&a10 xi1 #ajj sq4 ,utilit>ians1 #ag ,vlk]re*tli*1 #ce1 #cg1 #di1 #ec ,we/]n ,jews1 ix sq41 #cb1 #dj sq41 #ea1 #ed ,yem5ite ,jews1 #aeb 7footnote7 ,zionism1 8political10 #be1 #bg1 #cb sq41 #cg1 #ci sqq41 #de1 #dh sqq41 #eg sq41 #fj sq41 #ga sqq41 #hj1 #hf sqq41 #ii sqq41 #abf1 #acb sqq4 ---- 8practical10 #acb sq41 #ace sq4 ---- 8spiritual10 #fa1 #ajj1 #ajd1 #abf1 #abi 8,zion-,zioni/s0 7,zion ,zion71 xii1 #ajj sq4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text t 0 9 italics is enclos$ by und]scores 7italics74 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to foll[ ! essays 9 :i* !y are ref]5c$4