,,uniform ,,with ,,this ,,volume4 ,,for ,,the ,,bibliophile ,,and ,,book-,,lover4 ,each ,volume bound in ,library ,style4 ,cloth gilt1 #b_/- net4 ,,by ,,james ,,douglas ,,stewart4 ,how to ,use a ,library4 ,with ,explanations of ,library ,catalogues1 a ,systematic ,description of ,guides to ,books1 and a ,guide to ,special ,libraries4 ,,re-,,issued ,,from 8,,the ,,book-,,lover',s ,,library40 ,,by ,,henry ,b4 ,,wheatley4 ,how to ,catalogue a ,library4 ,contains various points and rules for making a ,library ,catalogue1 and discusses the principles involved1 etc4 ,how to ,form a ,library4 ,full of helpful and practical suggestions for the ,bibliographer and much that will both amuse and interest the book-loving reader4 ,how to ,make an ,index4 ,the various theories concerning ,indexing are set forth1 certain rules are laid down and illustrated1 whilst erroneous methods are exposed in this volume4 ,,by ,w4 ,,carew ,,hazlitt4 ,gleanings in ,old ,garden ,literature4 8,a volume that may afford delight to a lover of gardens1 even if he be not a lover of books40--,morning ,post4 ,old ,cookery ,books ,ancient ,cuisine4 ,an historical sketch of the subject of cookery as supplied by the earliest ,,mss4 and ,printed ,cookery ,books of this and other countries4 ,studies in ,jocular ,literature4 ,a ,,popular ,,subject ,,more ,,closely ,,considered4 ,,london3 ,,elliot ,,stock1 #fb1 ,,paternoster ,,row1 ,e4,c4 ,illustration3 ,publisher mark ,a ,,key ,,to ,,the ,,family ,,deed-,,chest4 ,how to ,decipher and ,study ,old ,documents ,third ,edition1 ,revised4 ,enlarged and ,illustrated4 ,by ,e4 ,e4 ,,thoyts4 ,art cloth1 #e_/- net4 ,some of the difficulties which beset any one who studies such documents for the first time1 unless he be an expert1 are the deciphering of the ancient and unfamiliar style of writing2 the peculiar abbreviations and signs which were used by our forefathers2 the quaint phrases and expressions and obsolete words occurring2 the arbitrary and old-fashioned spelling1 which to the uninitiated are always vexatious4 ,it is to enable the more or less experienced student to meet and cope with these and similar difficulties that this work has been compiled1 by one who has had considerable experience in research4 ,,london3 ,,elliot ,,stock1 #fb1 ,,paternoster ,,row1 ,e4,c4 ,,for ,,the ,,genealogist4 ,,by ,,william ,h4 ,,whitmore1 ,a4,m4 ,,ancestral ,,tablets4 ,a ,collection of ,diagrams for ,pedigrees so arranged that ,eight ,generations of the ,ancestors of any ,person may be ,recorded in a connected and ,simple ,form4 ,royal #dto1 ,quarter ,roxburgh1 gilt1 #h_/f post free4 8,a difficult plan to explain on paper1 but is fascinatingly simple when actually handled1 as an ,american critic truly remarks--#8,no one with the least bent for genealogical research ever examined this ingeniously compact substitute for the family tie without longing to own it4'0--,reliquary4 ,,london3 ,,elliot ,,stock1 #fb1 ,,paternoster ,,row1 ,e4,c4 ,,how ,,to ,,trace ,a ,,pedigree ,,by ,h4 ,a4 ,,crofton ,,london3 ,,elliot ,,stock #fb1 ,,paternoster ,,row1 ,e4,c4 #aiaa ,,preface ,i have endeavoured in this little book to give the amateur pedigree-hunter the benefit of what ,i have personally found to be the most valuable documents to search1 and full instructions as to where he can consult them1 also the various steps to be taken in tracing a pedigree1 without unduly crowding his attention with names and classes of documents which he may need to consult4 ,i have1 however1 added most of these in a later part of the book1 so that sufficient information should be obtainable within its pages to meet the requirements of the average genealogical searcher in the ,british ,isles4 ,h4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,contents ,,chap4 ,,page ,,introductory #a ,i4 ,,first ,,steps ,,in ,,pedigree-,,hunting #c ,,ii4 ,,will-,,searching #h ,,iii4 ,,published ,,sources ,,of ,,information #ac ,,iv4 ,,miscellaneous ,,ms4 ,,documents ,,of ,,value ,,to ,,the ,,searcher #ai ,v4 ,,how ,,to ,,make ,a ,,family ,,tree #bd ,,vi4 ,,additional ,,notes ,,on ,,pedigree-,,hunting ,,in ,,london #bg ,,vii4 ,,the ,,pedigree-,,hunter ,,in ,,ireland #cc ,,viii4 ,,the ,,pedigree-,,hunter ,,in ,,scotland ,,and ,,the ,,provinces #ch ,,ix4 ,,the ,,will-,,searcher ,,in ,,england #de ,x4 ,,an ,,additional ,,list ,,of ,,publications ,,which ,,may ,,be ,,useful ,,when ,,tracing ,a ,,pedigree #dh ,,xi4 ,,the ,,pains ,,and ,,pleasures ,,of ,,pedigree-,,hunting #eb ,,xii4 ,,how ,,to ,,save ,,expense ,,in ,,pedigree-,,hunting #ef ,,xiii4 ,,last ,,words #ei ,,index #fe ,,how ,,to ,,trace ,a ,,pedigree ,,introductory ,various authorities have derived the word 8pedigree0 very differently1 and it is impossible to say anything definite as to its origin4 ,one of the most picturesque and possibly the most probable derivation is from pied de grue--crane's foot4 ,evidently this was intended as a word-picture1 the claws dividing from a bird's foot being suggestive of the different branches issuing from the parent stem in a pedigree4 ,when speaking of stems and branches1 our thoughts are naturally directed to trees--hence1 of course1 the expression a 8family tree40 ,many nations have preserved the records of family genealogy in their national archives2 indeed1 all have done this more or less1 and all honour to those who have been keenest in the matter1 for a nation is composed of families1 and family or individual history or biography helps to make the history of that nation1 while heredity perhaps more than environment tends to explain the complex character with which each individual member of it is endowed4 ,the study of genealogy1 therefore1 is a useful one2 but1 apart from such considerations1 there are many who are personally interested in their own ancestry1 and would like to be able to trace pedigrees and learn more of their family history2 but the probability is that they have not the slightest idea how to set about the work4 ,others may think 7however interested they might be in results7 that the details they would have to master must be necessarily dry as dust1 and that the search itself would run away with a great deal of money4 ,well1 though it is quite possible to expend large sums in pedigree-hunting1 it is by no means necessary to do so2 and1 though some dry records may have to be plodded through1 searches are in general replete with interest4 ,the reader may possibly be reassured on both these points before laying down this little book1 the especial aim of which will be to show the amateur how he may become a successful pedigree-hunter4 ,,chapter ,i ,,first ,,steps ,,in ,,pedigree-,,hunting ,the reader being anxious to trace his own or a friend's pedigree1 or to look for some missing link in an ancestry--how should he set about the work8 ,to do this more efficiently1 and to save unnecessary expense1 he should first ascertain and set down whatever is already known on the subject or can be discovered1 before proceeding to record-searching4 ,we will suppose that he is interested in ascertaining the ancestry of a certain man1 whose father's name is known and1 perhaps1 his grandfather's2 but he cannot trace the pedigree farther back4 ,also1 presumably1 he may know where this individual and1 possibly1 his father and grandfather lived4 ,from such data1 however slight they may be1 his future knowledge is to spring--for he must work from the known to the unknown4 ,this is necessary in all genealogical searches4 ,friends of the family can give him some little particulars--all of which should be carefully noted down--and a visit to the place where he locates the earliest known member of it1 if practicable1 might be very advantageous4 ,if this is not possible at the moment1 he should write to the vicar of the parish1 who1 from the parochial entries1 would supply information at a moderate cost4 ,there might also be tombstones1 with names and dates on them1 which would help materially4 ,some parish registers have been printed4 ,the searcher should ascertain whether the parish in which he is interested is among the number1 and1 if so1 whether the published entries have been brought down to the date he requires1 as in that event he might obtain the necessary information in some large library free of cost4 ,but he is scarcely likely to be so exceptionally fortunate at the start1 so will probably have to make the requisite inquiries4 ,before doing so1 however1 our pedigree-hunter should carefully consider the surname of the individual in question4 ,if he boasts of an uncommon one1 as say1 for instance1 ,vandeleur1 the chances are that all the ,vandeleurs mentioned in the same parish books will belong to his family4 ,if1 however1 he is a ,smith--well1 the ,smiths are not a very small tribe1 and several of the name unrelated to each other might appear in the same parish4 ,to obviate the difficulties which this would entail1 our pedigree-hunter should be clear as to the district in the parish or name of the house in which his ancestor lived4 ,but1 if he does not know this1 how is he to ascertain it8 ,well1 he probably will know it in the case of the latest of his ancestors1 say1 his father or grandfather1 and let him work from that point4 ,failing this1 a study of the family names in each district should reveal the secret4 ,the surname itself1 especially if the searcher has been able to trace the ancestry some way back1 should be carefully noted with regard to the different forms in which it may appear1 for in early days there was a quite delightful variation in the spelling of names2 so a somewhat similar sounding name1 if spelt differently1 should not be ruled out of court as having necessarily nothing to do with the matter1 the odds being generally on the other side4 ,even if parochial registers supply no additional details to those which friends have been able to give1 their testimony may be of great importance1 for the recollections of old friends are more or less traditional1 and the golden rule to be most carefully observed by genealogists1 is ,verify your ,information4 ,an honest searcher would never appreciate a 8faked0 pedigree2 but it is fatally easy to assume a certain point1 and1 working from that assumption1 to have all future details more or less incorrect4 ,no time should be considered wasted which is spent on verifying information4 ,the searchers should not even take it for granted that all ,peerages or similar works are always correct2 as a matter of fact1 this is far from being the case4 ,even in the mystic circle of the ,baronetage it is said that some sixty claimants have appeared1 whose titles1 though received for long unchallenged1 cannot be fully verified4 ,our late king recently ordered an official roll of the ,baronetage to be registered and kept4 ,this does not preclude1 however1 the pedigree-hunter from consulting ,peerages and works of ,family ,history at libraries2 indeed1 this might well be the next stage in his search4 ,let him look through his ,library ,index1 under the heading 8,genealogy10 and consult works in it which he thinks might bear on the matter in hand4 ,there are many such in all good libraries1 a list of which will be given later on2 but1 while the search is in its infancy and does not go farther back than two or three generations1 probably the ,peerages 7if the family is of social position71 with perhaps certain other printed pedigrees and works on family history1 such as ,burke's ,commoners and ,landed ,gentry1 should suffice for the present4 ,but the golden rule in genealogy should always be remembered2 and1 though the information thus derived may possibly be fairly correct1 many details may call for verification later in the search4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,will-,,searching ,having proceeded thus far1 the great subject of ,wills1 which form one of the strongest features in pedigree-hunting1 should be now approached4 ,the searcher will presumably now have new ancestors to note2 so1 before he starts will-hunting1 he should have some idea as to how to record them on a family 8tree40 ,and1 as a help towards this1 he cannot do better than provide himself with a work by ,william ,whitmore1 entitled ,ancestral ,tablets4#a ,these are a collection of ,diagrams and ,pedigrees1 so arranged that eight generations of ancestors can be recorded in a manner which is plain1 simple1 and easily understood4 ,it is difficult to explain this ingenious system on paper1 but a glance at it is almost sufficient to show its method of working4 ,the merest tyros in genealogy1 or those more advanced in the study1 will find these tablets invaluable1 as they do away with the difficulty of having to draw up a family tree for themselves4 ,but1 whatever kind of 8tree0 is adopted or worked out1 the study of wills should be productive of new ancestors with which to embellish it4 ,if working in ,london1 ,somerset ,house will be the happy hunting-ground of the will-searcher1 and in various parts of ,england there are ,district ,registries at which old wills are also kept4 ,perhaps1 in a sense1 the searcher in ,ireland has most need of all to be grateful to the powers that be with regard to this aspect of his pedigree work1 for1 practically speaking1 all ,irish wills can be found in ,dublin4 ,the later ones are in the ,probate ,office1 and the earlier1 with which searchers will be mainly interested1 in the ,dublin ,record ,office1 both these offices being situated in the 8,four ,courts40 ,but1 wherever he is working1 the wills will naturally divide themselves into those proved in the ,prerogative and ,diocesan ,courts4 ,in ,england1 up to #aheh1 wills were proved in the ,prerogative ,courts of ,canterbury and ,york1 or were to be found in the various ,diocesan ,courts4 ,there were also a large number 7nearly four hundred7 of 8peculiar courts10 which were depositories of such documents4 ,later wills are all kept at ,somerset ,house1 and a great number of earlier ones1 in ponderously bound volumes of copies1 can also be consulted there4 ,suitable indexes are everywhere provided1 and the searcher should study the contents of these1 under the name for which he is looking4 ,let us suppose he has traced the ancestry of a family of the name of ,grey down to a certain ,thomas ,grey of ,larchfield1 ,blankshire1 who died in #agij4 ,his next step is to find ,thomas ,grey's father1 and afterwards he will trace his line farther back4 ,to do this1 he will look through any ,prerogative or ,diocesan ,indexes connected with ,blankshire1 and then go through all wills of ,greys of ,larchfield before #agij2 and1 if he is not acquainted with the names of ,thomas' brothers and sisters 7which might probably be needed to fully identify ,thomas himself71 and he has not full details of his later family history1 he will also consult those of succeeding dates4 ,in fact1 under any circumstances1 he should certainly1 at one time or another1 look through every will connected with the family in that district4 ,if he discovers wills of ,greys of ,larchfield of the required date1 one of them will probably reveal ,thomas' parentage4 ,should he not find such wills1 or should they not reveal what he is looking for1 he might search for other wills of the name in the ,county of ,blankshire1 and afterwards for wills in other countries1 for in pedigree-hunting no will which is possibly connected with the family should be ignored4 ,when all such wills proved in the ,prerogative and ,diocesan ,courts have been looked up1 some degree of new information--probably a large amount--will almost certainly have been acquired by the expenditure of more or less time and trouble1 as the case may be4 ,here again1 if the family name is an uncommon one1 it would probably take less time to trace the ancestry than if the name was ,jones or ,smith1 and here again the variations in the old spelling should be remembered4 ,also1 it must not be forgotten that an individual sometimes adopts an entirely different surname4 ,this may not very frequently occur1 but the possible contingency should not be ignored4 ,an old ,statute1 #d ,edward ,,iv41 enacted that all ,irishmen who lived within the ,english pale 7,dublin1 ,kildare1 etc47 should adopt an ,english surname1 to be derived from the name of an office1 trade1 place1 or colour4 ,it may also be noted that a very uncommon ,christian name is often a great help to the searcher1 as1 if he comes across this uncommon name in connection with the required surname1 the chances are that he is on the right track1 and has discovered a new twig emanating from the family tree4 ,having searched through wills of the required surname 7unless he has been most singularly unfortunate71 the pedigree-hunter1 besides having discovered new ancestors1 will have come across many relations of the family bearing other surnames4 ,the wills of the most likely of these should be consulted in the same way1 as they may reveal much4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,published by ,elliot ,stock1 #fb ,paternoster ,row1 ,e4,c4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,published ,,sources ,,of ,,information ,having thus gone through what seem to be the most probable wills for his purpose1 the pedigree-hunter may profitably wend his way to a large library1 and consult printed authorities before he studies others in manuscript4 ,there is no royal law about this1 however2 much will depend on where he lives and what he is looking for1 and1 possibly1 he may elect to go daily from manuscripts to printed collections1 and vice versa4 ,but this chapter will be devoted to information as to the probably most useful printed books to consult4 ,there are many others which might also prove valuable1 and a detailed list of these will be found further on4 ,assuming that the searcher1 as suggested1 has in the early part of his quest looked up ,peerages1 books of ,family ,history1 etc41 he may now proceed to other volumes2 but the ,family ,histories and ,peerages should always be accessible1 for he will often need to refer to them again as new names crop up4 ,perhaps he might first consult ,marshall's ,genealogists' ,guide1 which will give him directions 7under the names of different families7 where he can obtain information about such4 ,indeed1 the number of printed books which might help form no mean array4 ,to name some of the most valuable of these3-- ,the ,reports of the ,deputy-,keeper are issued periodically1 and may prove a great assistance to the searcher4 ,he should consult any volumes which look promising1 and he can judge of this from the indexes connected with them4 ,the ,deputy-,keeper of the ,rolls in ,ireland also issues ,reports1 the information in which may be invaluable when ,irish families are the objects of a search4 ,then1 if looking 8far back into other years10 at least1 into somewhat distant centuries1 there are the ,calendars of ,state ,papers1 with their different series1 which may reveal a good deal and are most interesting reading on certain points4 ,all have good indexes1 by means of which the name required can readily be traced4 ,the printed volumes of ,the ,historical ,manuscripts' ,commission are mines of information as regards many subjects2 but1 of course1 every one cannot expect his ancestor to be mentioned there4 ,foster's ,collectanea--8,an index to the pedigrees in the ,herald's ,visitation and other ,,mss410 these 8other0 also being most valuable--is an important and yet disappointing book4 ,if the required name happens to begin with an ,a1 ,foster may prove a veritable treasure-trove of information2 but if the initial of the patronymic comes much farther on in the alphabet--alas6 ,foster is of no use2 for his information1 compiled in the most learned manner from a variety of ,,mss4 and other sources1 was to be given alphabetically under every different surname1 but this proved to be a colossal task--too colossal probably4 ,at any rate1 the work has stopped short in the middle of the ,b's4 ,sims' ,index to the ,pedigrees in the ,herald's ,visitations in the ,british ,museum is not an up-to-date publication1 yet is most valuable if the pedigree-hunter is searching in the ,museum4 ,lancashire and ,cheshire ,records1 by ,walford ,d4 ,selby1 may be profitably consulted even by those whose ancestors are not connected with these counties1 for the information it affords is by no means confined to them4 ,the valuable works of ,sir ,bernard ,burke1 all full of family lore1 may reveal much1 besides what is to be learned from his ,peerage and ,landed ,gentry4 ,his ,commoners especially is of much interest4 ,walford's ,county ,families would prove useful in many cases1 and1 if an ,irish family is being looked up1 ,o',hart's ,irish ,pedigrees is a mine of information4 ,but just a word of warning here--some of this information certainly needs to be verified from other sources before it can be accepted in its entirety4 ,if still considering ,irish families1 ,pre's ,occurrences will give eighteenth-century items of interest1 but is more of the character of a newspaper4 ,the ,harleian ,society ,publications1 as well as those of the ,record and ,camden ,societies1 may prove of importance1 especially if somewhat far back information is desired1 while for details connected with the ,elizabethan ,age1 the ,cecil ,papers are invaluable4 ,they are also most interesting reading4 ,the ,miscellanea ,genealogica et ,heraldica1 a ponderous and important work1 contains many copies of parish registers and monumental inscriptions4 ,the ,index ,society's ,publications should not be overlooked1 nor those of the ,society of ,antiquaries1 the ,royal ,archological ,institute1 and ,british ,archological ,association4 ,the ,pipe ,roll ,publications may prove of value1 and1 if the family is of ,french extraction1 the works of the ,huguenot ,society should be consulted4 ,the ,historical ,register1 published from #agad to #agch1 may supply details between those dates1 while ,the ,annual ,register1 which began in #ageh and is still proceeding1 should certainly be referred to for the period required4 ,it is especially useful on account of the announcements of births1 marriages1 and deaths which are inserted regularly4 ,directories1 which have appeared sometimes under different titles for more than two centuries1 may prove of assistance in tracing names and addresses1 especially if the searcher knows the most probable districts in which to look4 ,the first ,london ,directory was printed in #afgg4 ,newspapers might also be searched1 for they may supply just the required link4 ,the ,british ,museum possesses a great number of old newspapers2 but if the pedigree-hunter is not searching in ,london1 he may also find in other libraries a fair supply to meet his demand4 ,the ,dublin ,national ,library1 for instance1 possesses a good store of early newspapers4 ,a novice might scarcely think of consulting magazines with the view of obtaining genealogical information1 and he certainly would not be likely to find what he requires in our popular monthlies2 but from certain journals of an earlier date a rich harvest might be reaped4 ,the ,gentleman's ,magazine was started in #agca1 and1 though it was discontinued in its earlier form1 for some years up to the last half-century1 it will prove a happy hunting-ground for the genealogical student1 especially on account of its 8obituary0 and other announcements4 ,an index to the greater number of its volumes has been published separately1 reference being given in it to the volumes supplying the required information under each name4 ,the ,london ,magazine was published from #agcb to #aghf1 and might be looked up if information is required between these dates4 ,there are1 besides these1 certain magazines which are devoted wholly or in a great part to genealogical matters1 such as ,the ,genealogist1 ,the ,ancestor1 which ran for some years1 and ,notes and ,queries4 ,these might well be looked up on the chance of their giving information about the object of the search4 ,the ,hibernian ,magazine1 an eighteenth-century journal1 is especially valuable in the case of ,irish families4 ,the announcements of births1 deaths1 and marriages have been printed separately in two volumes1 so they are what should be consulted4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,miscellaneous ,,ms4 ,,documents ,,of ,,value ,,to ,,the ,,searcher ,we have already considered the subject of ,wills and ,parish ,registers4 ,besides these1 there is a multitude of miscellaneous manuscripts from which genealogical information can be gleaned2 but what they are will1 in a certain degree1 depend on where the pedigree-hunter is searching4 ,if in ,london1 the treasures of the ,record ,office are at his disposal1 which ,,ms4 treasures claim a later notice to themselves4 ,the ,dublin ,record ,office1 in a lesser degree1 will supply many somewhat similar documents1 while in ,edinburgh he also can effect much4 ,so1 in whichever of the ,british ,isles he is located1 certain ,,mss4 are at his disposal4 ,to enumerate the most important of these3-- ,records of legal matters often throw light on a dark subject4 ,for these1 ,chancery ,bills1 their ,answers and ,exchequer ,degrees1 should principally be searched4 ,indexes to such ,bills must first be consulted1 then the manuscripts themselves4 ,this will be rather a long task1 as such documents are very numerous and often lengthy1 but the result can scarcely fail to be beneficial4 ,assize ,rolls1 which give particulars of cases tried before itinerating judges1 may also reveal a good deal4 ,deeds of various kinds1 leases1 etc41 open up a wide field for the searcher2 in fact1 more leisure time than is1 as a general rule1 at most people's disposal might profitably be employed on the ,deeds alone4 ,wills having been hunted up previously1 it must not be inferred that1 when a man has died intestate1 nothing further can be discovered about his property or heirs4 ,in such cases1 where personal estate is concerned1 an administrator or administratrix would be appointed1 probably his widow or next-of-kin4 ,in the ,administration ,bond1 to which the searcher should direct his attention1 it is very possible that the names of the children of the deceased may be found2 if not1 the mere name of the administrator may reveal a good deal4 ,indexes are1 of course1 procurable to all these and similar documents4 ,marriage ,licences and ,marriage ,licence ,bonds are often profitable sources of information4 ,for nineteenth-century searches1 ,census ,returns may be consulted1 and ,hearth ,money ,rolls 7referring to small taxes levied on individuals7 for those of earlier date--from #ad ,charles ,,ii4 to #a ,william and ,mary4 ,these1 or similar documents1 can be found in whichever of the ,british ,isles the pedigree-hunter is searching2 but others1 which may possibly also serve his purpose1 can only 7unless where copies exist7 be consulted in definite centres4 ,heraldic ,records1 which comprise armorial information1 important pedigrees1 funeral certificates1 etc41 are preserved in the ,college of ,arms1 ,queen ,victoria ,street1 ,london1 and there is a similar ,college of ,arms1 presided over by the ,ulster ,king of ,arms1 in ,dublin ,castle4 ,a most valuable library is connected with the ,college of ,arms in ,london1 and1 of course1 the documents stored in the office itself are of inestimable value4 ,all searches must be paid for1 however2 there are stated fees and certain rules which cannot be infringed4 ,monastic ,bodies have often preserved intact their most valuable records1 and where such might prove useful1 they will1 in many cases1 be found accessible4 ,these registers principally consist of ,chronicles1 ,registers1 and ,martyrologies4 ,the two former would be found the most generally useful1 though1 naturally1 they presuppose that a somewhat early date is required4 ,the records of ,freemen and of ,municipal ,bodies may1 on occasions1 prove of value2 nor should those connected with ,grammar and ,public ,schools be overlooked4 ,the ,registers of the various ,diocesan ,courts will supply information about the ,clergy1 and the dates of their appointment to their benefices will be found in a series of ,institution ,books1 which can be consulted in the ,public ,record ,office4 ,for members of the ,medical ,profession the records of their respective universities will supply information1 and there is a printed work1 the ,roll of the ,college of ,physicians1 by ,dr4 ,george ,munk1 the ,registrar of that ,college1 which gives additional biographical details4 ,lists of members of the ,royal ,college of ,surgeons and of ,dental ,practitioners can also be consulted4 ,records connected with ,barristers and the ,bar are preserved in ,lincoln's ,inn1 the ,middle and ,inner ,temple1 and ,gray's ,inn4 ,for ,attorneys and ,solicitors reference should be made to the ,rolls and ,catalogues of ,attorneys1 also the ,admission ,books giving dates1 names1 and residences2 the latter extend from #agbi to #ahdh4 ,these documents can be looked up in the ,record ,office4 ,here1 also1 the papers formerly preserved in the ,war ,office are now kept4 ,this series1 which is valuable if particulars connected with the ,army are required1 dates from #agjj1 but its ,muster ,rolls only from #agfj4 ,there are army lists and muster rolls to be found in other places also4 ,sims 7who has been referred to previously7 enumerates these records1 and mentions where they are now kept4 ,several old ,navy ,lists can be found in the ,british ,museum1 and the ,navy ,office keeps registers of the officers and men1 with date and place of their deaths4 ,the ages of the men are also entered4 ,universities1 though their lists of graduates are published1 have treasures of information only obtainable at first hand4 ,so1 where one or more of these is likely to prove valuable1 their records should1 if possible1 be searched4 ,these are principally the ,books of ,admission to the different colleges1 the university1 ,matriculation ,books1 and the ,degree ,books4 ,these give details of parentage and many other items4 ,,chapter ,v ,,how ,,to ,,make ,a ,,family ,,tree ,if the pedigree-hunter is wise1 he will have provided himself with ,ancestral ,tablets1 by ,whitmore1 as has been previously suggested4 ,they simplify matters greatly4 ,but he may not have done this1 or he may have occasion to jot down his forbears on paper either for his own recollection or for the information of others4 ,of course1 this must often be done1 and the following is a simple method to adopt4 ,we will suppose his 8tree0 begins with a certain ,john ,browne4 ,he might thus note particulars1 leaving blanks in the way indicated where information is not forthcoming4 ,the mark ,illustration3 stick figure with crossed arms signifies that all the children are not noted in his pedigree4 ,sometimes an actual tree is drawn1 with various branches emanating from a parent stem4 ,this is an interesting method1 the effect being clear1 but the amateur might find its execution somewhat difficult4 ,john ,browne1 ,jane ,roberts1 of ,co4 ,devon1 b4 --1 d4 -- b4 --1 d4 -- ------------------------------- ,george ,michael ,ellen1 ,john1 of ,devon1 b4 #agaj1 dau4 of b4 #agac1 b4 #agjh d4 -- ,george ,shaw d4 #agac -------------------- ,peter --8 ,john --8 b4 --1 of ,york d4 #agej ----------- --------------- ,mary ,capt4 ,duncan1 ,r4,n41 ,henry --8 ,robert1 ,alice1 daughter of ,somerset of ,devon b4 --1 d4-- of ,john ,jones _/ --------------------- ----------------------------- ,james ,mary ,john ,thomas ,scott died died ,elizabeth ,john ,mary in infancy in infancy ------------------------ ,ethel1 ,george1 ,john ,lucy ,anna1 m4 ,john ,scott b4 #ahhe1 b4 dau4 of ,rev4 d4 #aijd #ahhf ,j4 ,s4 ,lick1 #aijh ,again1 the genealogist may have to write more in narrative form particulars connected with his family tree4 ,the following is an illustration of how this may be done-- 8,john ,browne was succeeded by his brother1 ,james ,browne1 who was born #ast ,april #affa1 married ,sarah1 daughter of ,michael ,jones of ,wiltshire1 and died in #agce1 leaving issue-- #a4 ,john1 of whom presently4 #b4 ,george1 alive in #agga4 #c4 ,nicholas1 b4 #agaj1 d4 --7874 #d4 ,bernard1 married ,mary ,green1 #aged4 #a4 ,ellen1 married --787 ,smith4 #b4 ,elizabeth1 b4 #agje1 married ,john ,jones4 #c4 ,abigail1 married ,peter ,smith4 #d4 ,mary1 died in infancy4 #e4 ,hannah4 #f4 ,rose1 died in infancy4 8,the eldest son1 ,john ,browne1 b4 #afih1 succeeded his father1 ,james1 in #agce4 ,he married1 #agbd1 ,isabella1 daughter of ,michael ,spencer of ,devonshire1 and had four sons and three daughters40 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,additional ,,notes ,,on ,,pedigree-,,hunting ,,in ,,london ,while the greater part of what has already been written applies to the pedigree-hunter in ,london as well as elsewhere1 he has naturally1 as being located in the ,british metropolis1 certain advantages which cannot be enjoyed in other localities4 ,the ,record ,office4--,though the ,irish ,record ,office is invaluable to searchers in ,ireland1 the ,record ,office par excellence--that in ,london--is1 of course1 best adapted to ,english research1 and has the custody of national documents of greater historical and antiquarian interest4 ,it is free to searchers4 ,the pedigree-hunter1 on his first visit there1 will be pointed out two large ,search ,rooms1 and will note with satisfaction their comfortable appearance--also the walls lined with bookshelves1 all filled with indexes of various kinds4 ,by the help of some of these indexes he will probably discover particulars as to the title and date of the document he wishes to consult4 ,if not1 an application to one of the courteous officials in charge will most likely throw all necessary light on the subject4 ,a docket will be given him to fill up containing the necessary particulars1 and the document itself will follow with very little delay4 ,the pedigree-hunter may be asked if he has a ticket entitling him to search here4 ,such tickets have been rather lately introduced by the ,record ,office authorities2 before that1 no restriction was placed on a searcher1 and this is almost a nominal one2 he has merely to be recommended by a householder4 ,if the searcher cannot produce the necessary ticket1 he will be given a form to fill up and get signed by the householder1 which he will be requested to send to the ,record ,office before his next visit4 ,on receipt of this form1 duly signed1 a ticket entitling him to make researches there will be posted to him4 ,at the ,record ,office the pedigree-hunter will1 of course1 find most of the various classes of miscellaneous ,,mss4 which have been mentioned as likely to be of greatest service to him4 ,there1 also1 he might consult hundreds of indexes which would not help his particular object in the least1 and he may indeed be bewildered by the vast stores of antiquarian information so lavishly offered to him4 ,a most useful book1 which he will find on the shelves1 is ,scargill-,bird's ,guide to the ,record ,office4 ,it enumerates the various classes of documents stored there4 ,but the searcher may still be in doubt as to his individual case4 ,if so1 and he1 having looked up the various ,,mss4 recommended1 thinks additional information might be forthcoming1 he should then consult one of the ,record ,office officials1 stating the exact point on which he is anxious to obtain information2 probably the required document will be in his hands a few minutes later4 ,the following classes of documents will be found the most generally useful to the genealogical searcher in the ,record ,office3 ,the ,state ,papers1 ,chancery and ,exchequer ,proceedings1 ,the ,parliamentary ,surveys1 ,feet of ,fines1 ,royalist ,composition ,papers1 ,patent and ,close ,rolls4 ,the ,heralds' ,college4--,the fees payable at the ,heralds' ,college are not exorbitant1 and1 of course1 stores of armorial and other genealogical information are preserved there4 ,the ,london pedigree-hunter has the advantage here also2 for though he cannot1 as in the ,record ,office1 search himself through all the requisite documents1 yet if he applies in person at the ,heralds' ,college 7this is called a personal search71 the fee for information on a required point will be five shillings2 if the inquiry is made by correspondence1 ten shillings and sixpence4 ,the treasures of the ,heralds' ,office are divided broadly into ,records and ,collections4 ,a general ,record search costs two guineas1 and a search through ,records and ,collections five guineas4 ,somerset ,house4--,in this vast storehouse of documents the two classes which will most appeal to the genealogist are the collection of ,wills and the general ,registers4 ,wills earlier than #aheh are found in the local ,diocesan ,registries1 and are in a variety of places scattered over ,england4 ,formerly1 if a person owned property in more than one diocese1 his will would be proved in the ,archbishop's ,court4 ,so wills were proved in ,canterbury ,prerogative ,court for all parts of ,england1 and not merely locally4 ,all these ,canterbury ,prerogative wills are at ,somerset ,house4 ,some northern wills are at ,york for the same reason4 ,but all wills since #aheh are deposited at ,somerset ,house4 ,in the ,registrar-,general's office there1 registers have been kept regularly since #ahcg4 ,the fees are not high4 ,if1 for instance1 the pedigree-hunter wants to ascertain the date of a certain birth1 the search through five years for one name costs five shillings4 ,to look up wills costs one shilling each1 unless the searcher has a free literary docket2 particulars as to these literary permits will be found in a later chapter4 ,the ,middlesex ,registry4--,this ,registry1 situated in ,st4 ,james's ,street1 contains all documents 7since #agjh7 which affect land in ,middlesex4 ,,libraries4--,the ,british ,museum4--,the ,london genealogist is also especially fortunate with regard to libraries4 ,foremost of all comes1 of course1 that at the ,british ,museum4 ,there not only is access to the ,great ,reading ,room free by ticket 7on the recommendation of a ,london householder71 but the ,newspaper ,room and ,,mss4 ,department are also free1 and both are very valuable to the genealogist4 ,the latter is especially so1 as it contains a store of manuscripts and ,pedigrees1 ,herald's ,visitations1 and numberless miscellaneous documents4 ,lambeth ,library4--,this is situated in ,lambeth ,palace1 and deserves to be more frequently visited by the genealogical student than it is at present1 for it contains many ancient pedigrees and important manuscripts4 ,its contents are all old1 and are divided into records and printed books4 ,there are seven distinct series of manuscripts1 bound in volumes--also very good indexes4 ,the pedigree-hunter will have the required volumes brought to him in the ,great ,hall erected by ,juxon1 now used as a ,reading or ,search ,room4 ,heralds ,office ,library4--,there is a library of genealogical and armorial works and books bearing on such subjects at the ,herald's ,office1 ,queen ,victoria ,street4 ,the ,guildhall ,library4--,another ,london ,library1 where printed books on genealogy can be had in abundance1 is that of the ,guildhall1 which ranks in this way only second to the ,british ,museum ,library4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,the ,,pedigree-,,hunter ,,in ,,ireland ,as has previously been intimated1 the pedigree-hunter1 if looking up an ,irish family1 can discover almost everything he wants 7if discoverable at all7 in ,dublin4 ,so1 even if living in some country district in ,ireland1 all he requires is to locate himself for some time in the ,irish metropolis4 ,there he will find1 in the ,dublin ,record ,office1 the ,wills and ,administrations which he needs1 both ,prerogative and ,diocesan4 ,there he can revel in the ,chancery and ,exchequer ,bills and ,answers which1 apart from the direct object of his search1 very often supply most interesting and even amusing information4 ,cause ,papers1 another variation of legal documents1 are to be found there2 also ,marriage ,licence ,bonds for the whole of ,ireland1 and1 indeed1 nearly all the more important documents of the various kinds enumerated in earlier chapters4 ,besides these1 the ,dublin ,record ,office holds the greater number of ,irish ,parochial ,registers1 either in the original or as copies1 both equally valuable to the searcher4 ,this is a great advantage to him1 as he may find what he wants in the registers of a country parish while searching in ,dublin4 ,but many parishes still keep their registers in their own possession1 and have not forwarded any 8parochial returns0 to the ,dublin ,record ,office4 8,inquisitions post-mortem0 and 8ad quod damnum0 of early dates can be consulted there2 they are written in ,latin1 and a novice would not find them at all easy to decipher4 ,the majority of them1 however1 have been printed in ponderous old volumes1 which can be studied by all interested4 ,the pedigree-hunter should go through as many indexes of documents as he can during his visits to this ,record ,office on the chance of coming across something new and valuable4 ,there are bookcases lined with volumes of indexes round the walls of the ,search ,room1 and others1 such as those required for ,chancery and ,exchequer ,bills--known as 8,bill ,books0--will be given to him on application4 ,though so much is discoverable at the ,record ,office1 the ,dublin searcher must not confine his attention to it1 as there are other treasure-houses in that metropolis also4 ,he should certainly make his way to the ,registry of ,deeds in ,king's ,inn1 for there he will be sure to have valuable finds1 and he can search in the office all day long on payment of two shillings and sixpence4 ,indeed1 the pedigree-hunter will be more than surprised at the number of deeds under each name which the copious indexes display1 and as a separate index is issued 7for each letter of the alphabet7 for every few years1 a long time might be profitably spent in the ,search ,room of the ,registry of ,deeds1 and each successive visit there be increasingly beneficial4 ,therefore the searcher in ,ireland must not forget to devote his attention to the ,registry of ,deeds1 ,king's ,inn1 ,dublin4 ,nor should he fail to visit ,trinity ,college1 where he can peruse ,matriculation ,entries1 which supply the father's name and other particulars1 to his heart's content4 ,no fees are charged for such investigations4 ,and if the inquiries he wishes to make relate to early times1 he may find there also pedigrees of value1 for fairly early pedigrees of ,anglo-,irish families1 as well as other similar documents of interest and importance1 are preserved in ,t4 ,c4 ,d4 ,at the ,castle1 ,dublin1 he can visit the ,college of ,arms1 ,ulster's ,office1 which1 of course contains a vast store of genealogical and armorial information4 ,the ,betham ,,mss4 are among the most important of such documents stored there4 ,but pedigree-hunters are not admitted far into these hallowed precincts2 indeed1 they are seldom now allowed to make personal searches1 as officials undertake the desired investigations for stated fees4 ,the searcher may derive considerable benefit from visits to the principal ,dublin libraries4 ,the ,national ,library contains the published works already recommended1 and has a most valuable stock of newspapers1 some of which date from far back in the eighteenth century4 ,besides this1 the indexes will show several out-of-print pamphlets and other papers of interest to the genealogist4 ,trinity ,college ,library is of world-wide renown1 being one of the five ,british libraries to which a copy of every published book must be sent4 ,it possesses certain valuable illuminated ,,ms4 treasures relating to early ,irish history and ancient ,irish families4 ,some noticeable ,irish wills are also here deposited4 ,the library1 as such1 is not open to the public2 special permission may1 however1 be given to read there1 if approved by the authorities4 ,at ,christ ,church ,cathedral a certain number of ancient deeds and other documents have been preserved2 particulars as to these can be found in the ,reports of the ,deputy-,keeper4 ,these are the principal places in the ,irish metropolis where genealogical information can be obtained1 and some of them may be found by the searcher to be genuine treasure-houses4 ,this is especially the case with the ,irish ,record ,office1 which1 as we have seen1 preserves most valuable documents of all descriptions4 ,but if any desirable ,parochial ,registers are not procurable there1 application should be made to the rectors of the parishes in question4 ,the publications of the ,parish ,register ,society of ,dublin might be consulted4 ,the ,irish ,association for the ,preservation of the ,memorials of the ,dead has issued certain volumes which are most valuable1 as they record and reproduce the inscriptions on many old ,irish tombstones4 ,the ,journal of the ,royal ,society of ,antiquaries of ,ireland1 and the ,journal of the ,cork ,historical and ,archaeological ,society1 should also prove valuable to the searcher in ,ireland4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,,the ,,pedigree-,,hunter ,,in ,,scotland ,,and ,,the ,,provinces ,the genealogist in ,scotland will naturally direct his steps to ,edinburgh1 where his happy hunting-ground will be the ,old ,register ,house4 ,this1 however1 is not thrown open to all comers in the hospitable manner experienced at the ,london ,record ,office1 and application must be made by the genealogist for a special permit allowing him to make investigations in the ,historical ,search ,department4 ,the ,general ,register ,house consists of three buildings1 and is divided into the ,old ,register ,house and the ,new ,register ,house4 ,amongst the important records kept there1 the following may be especially mentioned3-- ,crown ,writs4--,these are similar to ,english ,letters-,patent4 ,an earlier series of these are known as ,privy ,seals1 and date from #adih4 ,the ,register of the ,great ,seal1 containing various records from #acae4 ,exchequer ,records1 dating from #adgd1 deal with matters relating to revenue1 rentals of townlands1 etc41 and may disclose points of interest to the pedigree-hunter4 ,privy ,council ,records4--,these are of varied character and importance4 ,they consist of ,acts1 ,warrants1 ,state ,papers1 ,royal ,letters1 etc4 ,last1 though possibly to the genealogist they may be the most important of all1 we must mention3-- ,the ,sasine ,records4--,by means of these the history of real property in ,scotland can be traced much more fully than is generally possible in ,england or ,ireland4 ,the name 8,sasine0 is the ,scottish equivalent of the word 8seizin0--the possession of land4 ,the ,sasine ,writs commence at different dates for various districts and for the several shires in ,scotland4 ,all such registers1 however1 are now superseded by the ,general ,register of ,sasines1 which commenced in #ahfi4 ,wills1 which are such an essential item in ,english and ,irish pedigree-hunting1 are not quite so important in connection with ,scottish families1 for up to #ahgd a ,scotsman could not devise land1 so his will could only deal with personalty4 ,still1 of course1 wills must be looked up and noted in ,scotland as they would be elsewhere4 ,neither are ,parish ,registers so important a feature of genealogical research in that country as in ,england4 ,the reason of this is that there was no early enactment there on the subject4 ,so register-keeping by the parochial authorities was1 up to #ahed1 a purely voluntary undertaking4 ,since this date a regular system of registration1 like that in vogue in ,england1 has been carried out4 ,scotland has1 like its sister countries1 its own ,office of ,arms4 ,this is known as the ,lyon's ,office4 ,but1 apart from the ,general ,registry ,house1 there are certain local records in ,scotland which might be consulted4 ,the principal of these are3 ,the ,books of the ,sheriffs' ,courts1 ,the ,books of the ,royal ,burghs1 ,ancient ,episcopal ,records4 ,there were no ,herald's ,visitations for ,scotland1 but their ,sasines affect all the landed classes4 ,the records of the ,scottish ,universities supply information which may be very valuable to the genealogist1 in much the same way as those in ,england and ,ireland4 ,these ,scottish ,universities are ,st4 ,andrews1 ,glasgow1 ,aberdeen1 and ,edinburgh4 ,the ,advocates' ,library1 ,edinburgh1 is a very celebrated one1 and of printed books1 such as have been recommended1 the genealogist should find a plentiful supply in any large library in ,edinburgh or ,glasgow4 ,perhaps our pedigree-hunter1 when looking up a ,scottish family1 may rejoice in the existence of the ,clan system in ,scotland4 ,even if this is regarded as a mixed benefit1 it has the advantage of giving the genealogist a more limited nomenclature through which to search4 ,,wales4--,welsh ,families4--,if by any chance our pedigree-hunter is looking up a family of purely ,welsh origin1 he may be somewhat puzzled by the family nomenclature1 which is almost entirely patronymic1 and until rather lately the baptismal name of the father often became the son's surname6 ,parish ,registers exist in ,wales just as in ,england and ,ireland1 but very few of them have been printed4 ,there are also various ,episcopal ,diocesan ,registers to be consulted there4 ,welsh ,chancery ,records were until lately kept distinct from the various series in ,england4 ,reference should be made to those of the ,deputy-,keeper's ,reports 7these can be consulted in most good libraries7 which concern ,wales4 ,according to what district is required1 they will give particulars as to what documents should be searched and where to find them4 ,there are1 for instance1 ,welsh ,pedigrees and genealogical manuscripts deposited in various libraries4 ,the ,provinces4--,the pedigree-hunter who is located in any country part of ,england will almost certainly have to pay a visit to the metropolis1 either in person or by proxy1 to ensure a successful search4 ,still1 while he is at home1 some most important records may be close beside him4 ,as has already been mentioned1 ,wills1 which are not stored at ,somerset ,house1 are kept in numerous depositories all over the land1 principally in the ,episcopal ,courts4 ,the country searcher may find that his ,diocesan ,registry1 which perhaps is close at hand1 is just the place where he hopes to discover the most promising wills4 ,then as to ,parochial ,registers1 he may find he is in a better position to come across those he wants 7should they date before #ahcg7 than if he were in ,london4 ,register ,bills1 transcripts of parochial registers1 should be sent annually to the ,bishop's ,registries1 and may be found there4 ,however1 there is no law enforcing this1 so the duty is regarded1 more or less1 as a voluntary one4 ,consequently the searcher will probably have to visit the various parishes or write to the vicars1 and much may be discovered in this way4 ,in #aech1 a decree was issued by ,henry ,,viii4's minister1 ,cromwell1 enacting that parish registers should be regularly kept4 ,this order1 if carried out as it was intended1 would have filled with joy the heart of many a genealogist2 but1 alas1 in early days especially1 the rule was often more honoured in the breach than in the observance4 ,still1 the pedigree-hunter should discover much valuable information at the parish registries4 ,but besides the ,probate1 ,diocesan1 and ,parochial ,registers1 if his object is to find out particulars about a country family1 he might consult ,municipal ,documents1 ,county ,records1 and should refer to the ,old ,record ,commission ,reports of #ahjj and #ahcg2 these are compiled from the returns made by custodians of records throughout the country1 and supply ample information in various miscellaneous matters4 ,they have been already mentioned4 ,marriage ,licences are sometimes a fruitful field for discoveries4 ,in the country these should be obtainable at the ,episcopal ,registries4 ,if those required are not to be found there1 they may probably be discovered at the ,archdeacon's ,courts4 ,of course1 the searcher in the counties cannot have access to such libraries as those in ,london and ,dublin1 unless1 indeed1 he happens to be near ,oxford1 where the ,bodleian ,library is a storehouse of antiquarian information4 ,the ,university ,library1 ,cambridge1 might also be of great value1 but it is not easy to get access within its precincts4 ,and1 while in that neighbourhood1 ,caius ,college ,library1 ,cambridge1 should not be overlooked1 as it might supply some desirable information4 ,sundry genealogical details might also be obtained from the ,officers of the ,clerks of the ,peace1 for counties1 and from the ,officers of the ,town ,clerks1 for boroughs4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,the ,,will-,,searcher ,,in ,,england ,we have previously seen that wills in ,scotland have not the same evidential value as in other parts of ,great ,britain1 that ,irish wills can be practically all found in ,dublin1 and that in ,london1 ,somerset ,house is the depository where wills proved since #aheh have been kept1 as well as those proved in the ,court of ,canterbury1 these latter being not altogether restricted to testators who lived in that district4 ,they date from #achc4 ,there remain1 however1 the different wills proved in various parts of the country2 where exactly shall the searcher look for these8 ,the year #aheh was indeed an epoch-making year in this respect1 for not only was the enactment carried into force that future wills should be deposited in ,somerset ,house1 but the old ,diocesan ,courts1 where 7as has been previously stated7 country wills were mainly kept1 were superseded by the ,district ,registries4 ,there nearly all the wills formerly in the old ,diocesan ,courts are now preserved4 ,the following are the names of these1 and practically all wills not deposited in ,somerset ,house1 in ,edinburgh1 or in ,dublin should be procurable in one or other of these ,registries3-- ,blandford1 ,bangor1 ,bristol1 ,bury ,st4 ,edmunds1 ,canterbury1 ,carlisle1 ,carmarthen1 ,chester1 ,chichester1 ,derby1 ,durham1 ,exeter1 ,gloucester1 ,hereford1 ,ipswich1 ,lancaster1 ,lewes1 ,lichfield1 ,lincoln1 ,liverpool1 ,llandaff1 ,manchester1 ,newcastle-on-,tyne1 ,northampton1 ,norwich1 ,nottingham1 ,oxford1 ,peterborough1 ,st4 ,asaph's1 ,salisbury1 ,taunton1 ,wakefield1 ,wells1 ,winchester1 ,worcester1 ,york4 ,the last-named ,district ,registry1 that of ,york1 is not exclusively confined to wills of those who lived in the district2 the others almost universally are4 ,each ,registry1 as a rule1 comprises several of the suppressed ,diocesan and ,minor ,courts4 ,they all date from early times1 the latest being those of ,winchester and ,wells1 which contain no wills before #affj1 and the earliest that of ,bury ,st4 ,edmunds1 where the wills date from #aced4 ,when noting the contents of a will1 the pedigree-hunter should put down all particulars1 even what at first sight might appear trivial1 as small items sometimes lead to great discoveries4 ,the names of the witnesses to a will1 for instance1 should never be omitted4 ,of course1 it is not necessary to copy a document in full1 but its contents should be noted somewhat in this way-- ,will of ,john ,browne1 of4 ,proved in4 7,give names of ,court and date47 ,legatees4--7,here note names of all legatees1 their addresses1 if given1 and especially note particulars of any relationships mentioned1 all details of property devised1 also any other points of importance1 if such occur in the will47 ,signed4--7,signature and date to be given here47 ,witnesses4--7,names of witnesses here47 ,if there is a codicil1 the contents1 date of signature1 and names of witnesses to it should also be given4 ,the contents of all deeds1 leases1 and other documents should1 as far as this is practicable1 be noted in a somewhat similar manner4 ,,chapter ,x ,,an ,,additional ,,list ,,of ,,publications ,,which ,,may ,,be ,,useful ,,when ,,tracing ,a ,,pedigree ,chamberlain's ,angli ,notitia2 or1 ,the ,present ,state of ,great ,britain1 commenced in #affc1 and was continued nearly every year until #agee4 ,if information is required between these dates as to the professional or official classes1 this will be found a valuable work to consult4 ,the ,london ,gazette supplies still more comprehensive records with regard to the professions1 learned and otherwise4 ,public appointments are here notified1 the conferment of honours1 promotions in the ,church1 ,army1 and ,navy1 etc4 ,it commenced in #affe1 and is now issued twice weekly4 ,the records of local societies and local magazines may often profitably be consulted4 ,of the former the following are the most useful3-- ,the ,antiquarian ,societies of ,batley and ,bradford 7,yorkshire71 also of ,beverley1 ,heckmondwicke1 ,lancashire and ,cheshire1 ,newcastle-upon-,tyne1 ,isle of ,man4 ,the ,archological ,societies of ,bristol and ,gloucestershire1 ,burton-on-,trent1 ,derbyshire1 ,durham1 ,essex1 ,kent1 ,london and ,middlesex1 ,northamptonshire1 ,st4 ,albans1 ,scarborough1 ,shropshire1 ,somerset1 ,suffolk1 ,surrey1 ,sussex1 ,wilts1 ,worcester1 and ,yorkshire2 the ,cambrian ,archological ,society1 the ,somerset ,record ,society1 and the ,surtees' ,society1 ,durham4 ,the following local magazines may also be referred to3-- ,the ,western ,antiquary4 ,notes and ,queries1 respectively issued for the following districts3 ,bedfordshire1 ,devon1 ,fenland1 ,gloucestershire1 ,northamptonshire1 ,cheshire1 and ,manchester4 ,lancashire and ,cheshire ,antiquarian ,notes4 ,the ,manx ,notebook4 ,the ,palatine ,notebook4 ,where information is sought as to ,members of ,parliament1 the ,blue ,book ,returns should be consulted1 and a valuable official work1 ,returns to ,two ,orders of the ,house of ,commons 7dated #dth ,may #ahgf and #ith ,march #ahgg7 of the ,names of every ,member returned to ,serve in each ,parliament from the ,earliest ,time to #ahgd4 ,cave's ,parliamentary ,register brings the list of members down to #agda2 ,the ,chronological ,register of ,parliament from #agjg to #ahjg1 by ,robert ,beatson1 gives the required information between these dates4 ,besides the ,,ms4 authorities with regard to the ,army and ,navy which have already been enumerated1 printed books on the subject1 especially if the searcher is not looking for very early information1 should not be ignored4 ,of course there are1 as every one knows1 official ,army and ,navy ,lists1 and a good deal of genealogical information may be derived from other books1 as especially as regards the ,navy4 ,notable amongst these are3-- ,a ,naval ,biographical ,dictionary1 by ,w4 ,r4 ,o',byrne4 ,biographia ,navalis2 or1 ,memoirs of the ,officers of the ,army from #afjj1 by ,john ,charnock1 #d vols41 #agid4 ,english ,army-,lists1 etc41 #affa-agad1 by ,charles ,dalton1 #f vols41 #ahib-aijd4 ,lives of ,british ,admirals1 by ,john ,campbell1 #d vols41 #aggi2 new edition1 #h vols41 #ahab-ag2 abridged edition1 #ahdg4 ,of the two works of the ,old ,record ,commission1 dated #ahja and #ahcg respectively1 the latter will be found especially useful1 as it contains returns from many of the various depositories of documents in ,great ,britain1 notably ,the ,tower1 ,houses of ,parliament1 etc4 ,cotton's ,fasti contains a store of information1 biographical and genealogical1 about ,church dignitaries1 and certain searches among parochial registers may be obviated by a perusal of ,marshall's ,parish ,registers1 for1 as has previously been mentioned1 a great many of such are obtainable in print4 ,the ,international ,genealogical ,directory should be consulted1 as it contains much which might be of great importance to the searcher4 ,he should also make himself acquainted with the very useful genealogical handbooks published by ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,bernau of ,walton-on-,thames4 ,the number of ,county ,histories increases rapidly1 and the pedigree-hunter should consult those which are connected with the special districts in which he is interested4 ,from the ,victoria ,county ,histories to those compiled by private individuals1 all may be of more or less importance to the genealogical student4 ,,chapter ,,xi ,,the ,,pains ,,and ,,pleasures ,,of ,,pedigree-,,hunting ,is pedigree-hunting a dry and generally uninteresting matter1 valuable only for the information to be derived from it1 or is it a source of interest in itself1 even if considered apart from its results8 ,to this1 as to most questions1 probably different answers could be given4 ,but the replies1 if classified1 might reveal the fact that1 though those who know little save in theory about genealogical work may think it unattractive1 others who have expended time and talents in the pursuit almost universally agree that it is in itself--well1 if not fascinating enough to induce the investigator 8to scorn delights and live laborious days0 7though this may be sometimes the case71 still1 that it certainly approaches thereto4 ,of course1 a good deal depends upon the tastes of the searcher himself1 for if he takes up the work with energy he will certainly have to count on many1 at any rate1 laborious hours2 but the enjoyment derivable from the pursuit should much more than compensate for these4 ,the great joy of the pedigree-hunter is the joy of discovery1 and if he sets about the work energetically he must discover something--yes1 and many things4 ,it is delightful to find a lost link in one's own family history1 and1 when doing this1 the searcher will often unexpectedly come across a store of information connected with other families in which he is interested4 ,then there is the possibility of historical discoveries1 all perhaps springing from the fact of his electing to trace a certain family tree1 for historical characters were but men and women like ourselves1 and allied often to insignificant families4 ,i do not suggest that the pedigree-hunter can easily rival the recent ,shakespearean finds at the ,record ,office 7the ,,mss4 then brought to light having lain there unnoticed during long centuries71 for he can only expect to get access to classified documents2 yet by means of these many interesting discoveries might be made1 as well as the definite family information which he requires be obtained4 ,but sometimes the discovery of a single missing link may elude the searcher for long--if not for ever6--for ancestors have the knack of being exasperatingly obstinate when they determine not to reveal themselves to their descendants4 ,yet patience and perseverance should in the end out-master this resolution1 and during the search1 though some very dry reading may have to be undertaken and persisted in1 a great deal of interest must also necessarily crop up2 for records are by no means altogether dry reading1 as the student of affidavits in the ,chancery and ,exchequer ,courts can testify4 ,besides having to wade through many technical and uninviting-looking documents1 the pedigree-hunter may find considerable difficulty in deciphering some of these ,,mss4 ,the novice1 however1 need not at the outset trouble himself very much about this 7unless he has from the beginning of his search to refer to very ancient documents71 because he can prosecute the greater part of his work by means of authorised copies of the required documents1 which are usually handed to him in place of the original ,,mss4 ,but where the latter must be consulted and presents certain difficulties1 officials in charge usually show themselves both able and willing to help in the matter4 ,still1 a facility in deciphering old ,,mss4 is a valuable asset to the pedigree-hunter1 and may at times be almost a necessity4 ,where such is the case1 he cannot do better than consult a work entitled ,how to ,decipher and ,study ,old ,documents1#b by ,e4 ,e4 ,thoyts 7,mrs4 ,john ,hauteville ,cope71 which will explain and smooth away his difficulties in a wonderful manner4 ,it has been styled ,a ,key to the ,family ,deed-,chest1 and is so in truth4 ,these are some of the difficulties which arise in genealogical searches1 but are far counterbalanced by the results achieved4 ,enthusiasm and patience are certainly necessary qualifications of the successful pedigree-hunter1 and endowed with these virtues he has not much to fear1 for the driest details seem replete with interest when regarded in the light of dawning discoveries4 ,nor can a pedigree-hunter work at genealogy alone2 many fascinating subjects1 such as biography1 history1 and heraldry1 must almost necessarily more or less follow in its train1 opening up a vista of further interest and a field for new discoveries4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,published by ,elliot ,stock1 ,paternoster ,row1 ,e4 ,c4 ,,chapter ,,xii ,,how ,,to ,,save ,,expense ,,in ,,pedigree-,,hunting ,there is no doubt that if any one wishes to expend a small fortune in record-searching he may find opportunity of doing so2 if1 on the other hand1 even shillings are an object to him1 he can carry on his work for very little expense4 ,the ,english ,record ,office1 with its vast stores of information1 is free to all searchers2 so are the ,british ,museum ,reading and ,,mss4 ,rooms2 also the other great ,london libraries4 ,at ,somerset ,house1 where so many of the wills are stored1 the fees are one shilling for each document searched4 ,an ardent genealogist might find that this ran away with a good deal of money2 but if his object is purely literary1 as is so often the case with pedigree-hunters1 then a docket can be obtained entitling him to search gratuitously in ,somerset ,house at stated days and hours1 as may be arranged4 ,the ,dublin ,record ,office is not free to the public1 the class of documents it contains differing from those in the ,london ,office4 ,irish wills1 as we have seen1 are stored there1 and the fee for the perusal of any document is one shilling4 ,here again1 however1 8the literary permit0 can be obtained2 it is usually issued for a month at a time1 and is renewable4 ,but whether there or in ,england1 no free search is permitted1 unless the required documents are nearly a century old1 and in every instance the search must be undertaken with a purely literary object in view4 ,if the pedigree-hunter wishes to make good his claim to property1 or has any other legal project in his mind--well1 he must pay for his investigations4 ,for the ,heralds' ,office1 ,london1 and the ,college of ,arms1 ,dublin1 no literary dockets are issued2 neither is the ,registry ,house1 ,edinburgh1 free to all comers4 ,half a crown a day is charged at the ,registry of ,deeds1 ,dublin1 but this half-crown can cover a great amount of searching4 ,where parochial registries have to be consulted at the parishes themselves1 fixed moderate fees are charged4 ,in some cases these charges may be modified1 or even abolished altogether1 in favour of a literary investigator2 but this is a special favour1 granted for special reasons by the rector or curate in charge4 ,literary free permits are1 however1 as we have seen1 issued in connection with most of the great offices where genealogical information can be gleaned1 and by the help of these far the greater part of the pedigree-hunter's work can be carried on almost free of expense4 ,in certain other instances1 where official fees are charged1 literary searchers are often most leniently considered1 for in genealogical matters a good deal depends on the pedigree-hunter himself1 and a system of red tapeism is not everywhere carried out4 ,for university and school details and entries the registers can often be consulted absolutely free of cost1 so the searcher with the narrow purse has really little to fear financially when embarking on the delightful task of pedigree-hunting4 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,last ,,words ,at the beginning of this work it was laid down as a golden rule that pedigree-hunters should always1 where practicable1 verify their information4 ,this is so important that it may be well to reiterate it at the close4 ,it is often easy to get information second-hand2 but to make it his own the searcher may have to exercise a good deal of patience and research1 and he must sometimes be prepared for disappointment4 ,still1 the result will more than repay him1 for thus only can his work be sound and satisfactory1 and he has a wide field in which to search for the verification of traditional details4 ,most of the probably most helpful ,,mss4 and publications have been mentioned in this little book2 but if the pedigree-hunter is roaming among the documents in the ,record ,office or the ,british ,museum1 or among the contents of a great library1 let him look through the various indexes and try to find out something new for himself4 ,there is a joy in discovery1 even if it is only that of an unknown document1 and it is impossible to enumerate every work which might help all cases1 while new ones1 of course1 are constantly being added4 ,if the genealogist is not a student of ,heraldry1 he will find it both interesting and probably advantageous to form some slight acquaintance with this fascinating subject4 ,the question of the ,arms of a ,family are of more importance than its ,crest and ,motto1 and through the knowledge of what arms are1 and have been1 borne by it1 the identification of some of its members may be established4 ,but ,heraldry is a wide subject1 and many use arms and crests to which they are quite unable to prove their right4 ,on the other hand1 many who now occupy a humble station are lineal descendants in the male line of ancient and historic families4 ,and1 perhaps1 our pedigree-hunter may be anxious to prove himself to be of noble or even royal descent4 ,some years ago an advertiser offered1 for a certain fee1 to prove to his clients that they were descended from kings of ,england4 ,naturally ,truth the argus-eyed1 spied this advertisement1 and denounced the seeming imposture4 ,but when matters were explained to him1 ,truth's opinion somewhat altered4 ,the point in question is an interesting one4 ,every one1 we may say1 has had two parents1 four grandparents1 eight great-grandparents1 and so on ad infinitum4 ,if the reader calculates the number of generations required to take him back to the ,norman ,conquest1 allowing thirty years for each 7there would be approximately twenty-eight71 this will give him over a hundred million ancestors alive in #ajff6 ,this number will in reality be much lessened by the fact of inter-marriages and relationships 7so that the same individuals may be ancestors on both the paternal and maternal sides71 also by other causes4 ,but the fact remains that there was only a population of a few millions in ,great ,britain at the time of the ,norman ,conquest1 and our ancestors at that date apparently consisted of a much greater number1 so that the probabilities are that almost every ,englishman of either ,saxon or ,norman ancestry must have been descended from every one living in ,england at the time of the ,norman ,conquest1 including the ,conqueror himself4 ,of course1 this works out also in another way1 and makes us all descended from the serfs as well as from the lords of the soil4 ,though the matter may not be capable of demonstration1 it is an interesting point to consider4 ,a genealogist1 however1 is not satisfied with a pedigree which cannot be proved1 and if our pedigree-hunter thinks1 either from the high qualities with which he is endowed1 or from the knowledge of noble ancestors having adorned his family tree1 that kings must have been undoubtedly numbered among his forbears--well1 of course1 he must make good his claim1 perhaps even to royal descent in the male line4 ,this probably will not be a matter which can be accomplished1 but he may possibly be able to prove that he is descended from ,english kings--though not in the direct male line--provided that some of his ancestors were of high social position4 ,as a matter of fact1 the majority of our greater and lesser nobility are of royal descent1 and if our pedigree-hunter's ancestors were allied to such families1 the descent in his case should be comparatively easy to prove4 ,to help towards this1 he might consult ,burke's ,royal ,descents and ,foster's ,royal ,lineages2 but if his family cannot claim the honour of royal ancestry1 the 8kind hearts0 which are 8more than coronets0 may have been his proud heritage through a long line of forbears4 ,and1 taking into consideration the millions of ancestors which each noble lord has had1 there cannot fail to have been some of low degree from whom he has been descended in bygone centuries4 ,some families rise in the social scale1 others descend1 and the genealogist may come across numerous instances of the vicissitudes of families4 ,heirs to the highest of what were regarded as extinct titles have been found occupying the very lowest positions in the social scale4 ,who knows whether some unexpected stroke of fortune may not come across our genealogical searcher4 ,in fact1 there are few limits as to the possibilities which may arise in pedigree-hunting4 ,,index ,administration ,bonds1 #bj ,advocates' ,library1 ,edinburgh1 #dj1 #da ,ancestor1 ,the1 #ah ,ancestral ,tablets1 #h1 #bd ,angli ,notitia1 #dh ,annual ,register1 #ag ,antiquaries1 ,society of1 #af ,army1 ,the1 #bc1 #dh ,assize ,rolls1 #bj ,attorneys1 #bb1 #bc ,baronetage1 #f ,baronets1 ,official ,roll of1 #f ,barristers1 #bb ,betham ,,mss41 #cf ,bodleian ,library1 #dd ,british ,archological ,association1 #af ---- ,museum ,library1 #ca1 #ef ,burke's ,commoners and ,landed ,gentry1 #g1 #af ---- ,royal ,descents1 #fb ,caius ,college ,library1 ,cambridge1 #dd ,calendars of ,state ,papers1 #ad ,camden ,society1 #af ,cause ,papers1 #cc ,census ,returns1 #ba ,chancery ,proceedings1 #ai1 #bi1 #cc1 #cd1 #da1 #ed ,christ ,church ,cathedral1 ,dublin1 #cg ,christian ,names1 #ab ,church and ,clergy1 #dh1 #ea ,clan ,system1 #da ,college of ,arms1 ,dublin1 #cf1 #eg ,college of ,arms1 ,london1 #bi1 #ce1 #eg ,college of ,physicians1 ,roll of1 #bb ,commoners1 ,burke's1 #g1 #af ,county ,histories1 #ea ---- ,records1 #dc ,courts1 ,canterbury1 ,prerogative1 #i1 #cj ,courts1 ,diocesan and ,prerogative1 #i1 #aa ,courts1 ,peculiar1 #i ,cromwell's ,decree1 #dc ,crown ,writs1 #ch ,decipher ,old ,documents1 ,how to1 #ee ,deciphering ,old ,documents1 #ed1 #ee ,deeds1 #bj1 #ce ,dental ,practitioners1 #bb ,deputy ,keeper's ,reports1 #ad1 #cg1 #da ,derivation of ,word ,pedigree1 #a ,diocesan ,registers1 #bb1 #da1 #db1 #dc1 #de ,directories1 #ag ,district ,registries1 #de1 #df ,dublin1 ,college of ,arms1 #cf ---- ,irish ,record ,office1 #i1 #ai1 #cc1 #cd1 #eg ---- ,registry of ,deeds1 #ce1 #eg ---- ,trinity ,college1 #ce ---- ---- ,library1 #cf ,edinburgh1 ,advocates' ,library1 #dj ---- ,old ,register ,house1 #ch1 #ci ,exchequer ,records1 #ai1 #bi1 #cc1 #cd1 #ci1 #ed ,family ,histories1 #f1 #g1 #ac ---- ,trees1 #bd1 #be1 #bf ,feet of ,fines1 #bi ,foster's ,collectanea1 #ae ,freemen1 #bb ,genealogical ,handbooks1 #ea ,genealogist1 ,the1 #ah ,genealogist's ,guide1 #ad ,genealogy1 ,usefulness of1 #a1 #b ---- ,golden ,rule in1 #e1 #g ,gentleman's ,magazine1 #ah ,gentry1 ,landed1 #g1 #af ,guide to the ,record ,office1 #bi ,guildhall ,library1 #cb ,harleian ,society ,publications1 #af ,hearth ,money ,rolls1 #ba ,heraldic ,records1 #ba ,heraldry1 #fj ,heralds' ,college1 #bi1 #eg ---- ,office ,library1 #cb ---- ,visitation1 #ae ,hibernian ,magazine1 #ah ,historical ,manuscript ,commission1 #ad ---- ,register1 #ag ,huguenot ,society1 #ag ,index ,society1 #af ,indexes1 #f1 #aj ,information should be ,verified1 #e1 #f ,inquisitions1 #cd ,institution ,books1 #bb ,international ,genealogical ,directory1 #ea ,irish ,pedigree1 ,o',hart's1 #af ---- ,society for the ,preservation of the ,memorials of the ,dead1 #cg ,lancashire and ,cheshire ,records1 #ae1 #di ,landed ,gentry1 #g1 #af ,libraries-- ,advocates' ,library1 ,edinburgh1 #dj1 #da ,british ,museum1 #ca ,bodleian1 #dd ,caius ,college1 ,cambridge1 #dd ,guildhall1 #cb ,heralds' ,office1 #cb ,lambeth1 #ca ,national ,library1 ,dublin1 #cf ,trinity ,college1 #cf ,university ,library1 ,cambridge1 #dd ,literary ,permits1 #eg1 #eh ,local ,magazines1 #dh1 #di ---- ,societies1 #dh1 #di ,london ,gazette1 #dh ---- ,magazine1 #ah ,lyon's ,office1 #dj ,magazines1 #ag1 #ah ,marriage ,licence ,bonds1 #bj1 #cc ---- ,licences1 #bj1 #dc ,memorials of the ,dead1 #cg ,middlesex ,registry1 #ca ,miscellanea ,genealogica1 #af ,monastic ,registers1 #ba1 #bb ,municipal ,bodies1 #bb ---- ,documents1 #dc ,muster ,rolls1 #bc ,national ,library1 ,dublin1 #cf ,navy1 ,the1 #bc1 #ej ---- ,lists1 #bc1 #ej ,newspapers1 #ag1 #cf ,notes and ,queries1 #ah ,office of ,arms1 ,dublin1 #bi ---- ,london1 #cf ---- ,scotland1 #ci1 #eg ,officers of ,clerks of the ,peace1 #dd ---- of ,town ,clerks1 #dd ,o',hart's ,irish ,pedigrees1 #af ,old ,register ,house1 ,edinburgh1 #ch1 #eg ,pale1 ,english1 #aa ,parish ,registers1 #d1 #e1 #cg1 #da1 #db1 #eg ,parliament1 #di ,parliamentary ,register1 #ej ---- ,surveys1 #bi ,peerages1 #f1 #ac1 #af ,pipe ,roll ,publications1 #ag ,pre's ,occurrences1 #af ,privy ,council ,records1 #ci ,provinces1 ,the1 #db ,record ,office1 #i1 #ai1 #bc1 #bg1 #bh1 #bi1 #ec1 #ef ---- ,office1 ,irish1 #i1 #ai1 #cc1 #cd ---- ,society1 #af ,records1 ,lancashire and ,cheshire1 #ae1 #di ,records1 ,privy ,council1 #ci ,records of ,sasine1 #ci ,register ,bills1 #db ,register of the ,great ,seal1 #ch ,registrar-,general's ,office1 #cj ,registry of ,deeds1 ,dublin1 #ce1 #eg ,reports1 ,deputy ,keeper1 #ad1 #cg1 #da ,rolls1 ,patent and ,close1 #bi ,royal ,archological ,institute1 #af ---- ,descents and ,lineages1 #fb ,royalist ,composition ,papers1 #bi ,sasine ,records1 #ci1 #dj ,schools1 #bb ,scottish ,genealogy1 #ch1 #ci1 #dj1 #da ---- ,local ,records1 #dj ---- ,universities1 #dj ,sim's ,index to ,pedigrees1 #ae1 #bc ,somerset ,house1 #i1 #aj1 #cj1 #df ,state ,papers1 #bi ,statute #d1 ,edward ,,iv41 #aa ,surgeons1 ,royal ,college of1 #bb ,surnames1 #d1 #e1 #aa ,tombstones1 #d1 #cg ,trinity ,college1 ,dublin1 #ce ,truth1 #fj1 #fa ,universities1 #bc1 #dj1 #eh ,university ,college ,library1 #dd ,verify ,information1 #e1 #f1 #ei ,victoria ,county ,histories1 #ea ,wales1 #da1 #db ,walford's ,county ,families1 #af ,wills1 #h1 #cj1 #ca1 #cc1 #db1 #de1 #dg1 #eg ,printed by ,,morrison ,,gibb ,,limited1 ,edinburgh ,illustration3 ,publisher mark ,transcriber's ,notes ,page #c3 8,to do this the more efficiently0 changed to 8,to do this more efficiently0 ,page #ab3 8on the right tack0 changed to 8on the right track0 ,page #af3 8,royal ,archlogical ,institute0 changed to 8,royal ,archological ,institute0 ,page #ca3 8in a later chaptor0 changed to 8in a later chapter0 ,page #eh3 8seachers are often0 changed to 8searchers are often0 ,in the ,index1 8,angl ,notitia0 changed to 8,angli ,notitia04