,a ,critical ,analysis ( ,patriotism ,z an ,e?ical ,concept ,,by ,,cl>5ce ,,reid5ba* ,a ,,diss]tation ,,pres5t$ ,,to ,,! ,,faculty ,,( ,,! ,,graduate ,,s*ool ,,( ,,yale ,,univ]sity ,,9 ,,c&idacy ,,= ,,! ,,degree ,,( ,,doctor ,,( ,,philosophy ,,may #a1 #aiah ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,page ,,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,impulses ,,( ,,patriotism ,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,impulses ( ,atta*m5t #i ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,impulses ( ,antipa?y #af ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,! ,,habituation ,,( ,,patriotism ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,delib]ate ,habituation #bg ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,spontane\s ,habituation #ce ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,! ,,beliefs ,,( ,,patriotism ,*apt] ,v4 ,! ,c\ntry z ,protector ( ,self #de ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,on5ess ( ,c\ntry & ,self #eb ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! ,intr9sic ,value ( ,"o's ,c\ntry #eg ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,! ,,nature ,,& ,,value ,,( ,,patriotism ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! ,w to ,national ,individuality #ga ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! ,nation z an ,individual #he ,*apt] ,x4 ,! ,e?ical ,value ( ,patriotism 9 ! ,concrete #ii ,,notes ,,bibliography ,,preface ,patriotism is a live issue4 ,x is almo/ impossible = any "o to be neutral ab\t x4 ,all m5 seem to feel t ! issue involv$ is "o t t\*es ! fundam5tal int]e/s ( _! lives4 ,patriotism is an important concept4 ,b n all m5 take ! same /& reg>d+ patriotism4 ,!re is hot disagreem5t ^u ! "q ( its moral value4 ,"s *ampion x z "o ( ! noble/ ( all virtues2 o!rs spurn x z "o ( ! base/4 ,!re=e x is highly desirable to arrive at a fair judgm5t ( ! e?ical value ( patriotism4 ,"o ( ! *ief reasons = ! radical disagreem5t ab\t ! morality ( patriotism is t !re are widely diff]5t assumptions z to its nature4 ,x is a s5tim5t ( manifold v>ieties1 & ! ^w patriotism may c>ry q diff]5t implications to diff]5t m9ds4 ,! fir/ necess>y /ep1 !n1 be=e "o c pass an e?ical judgm5t ^u x1 is to f9d out :at ! core ( patriotism is4 ,?is diss]tation beg9s1 !re=e1 by und]tak+ to det]m9e ! nature ( patriotism1 & ) no m ( a clue 9 h& ?an ! "o t x is 8! love ( c\ntry0 tries1 by an inductive inve/igation ( :at has actually be5 call$ patriotism1 to br+ toge!r ! important facts 9 :i* patriotism is manife/$4 ,h5ce1 :ile ! ma9 purpose ( ! essay is an e?ical "o1 a l>ge portion ( x is giv5 to inductive analysis4 ,! fir/ ?ree p>ts are ma9ly analytical4 ,! f\r? "p endeavors to unify 9 a c5tral concept ! data ga!r$ toge!r 9 ! prec$+ p>ts1 &1 9 ! light ( t concept & all ! facts1 to evaluate patriotism z an e?ical ideal4 ,x may be not$ "h t ! fir/ ?ree p>ts are pr9t$ z !y 7 9 ! typewritt5 =m pres5t$ to ,yale ,univ]sity z a !sis1 b t "p f\r has und]gone mu* re>rangem5t & revision4 ,*apt] eight has be5 l>gely rewritt52 *apt] n9e is entirely new2 & :at "h appe>s z *apt] t5 has be5 some:at *ang$4 ,ackn[l$gem5t is h]eby made to ! memb]s ( ! faculty ( ! dep>tm5t ( philosophy 9 ,yale ,univ]sity = _m helpful criticisms4 ,especially is a debt ow$ to ,pr(essor ,*>les ,a4 ,b5nett1 :o sugge/$ ! field ( patriotism z a fruitful "o = inve/igation1 "u ^: direction ! "w 0 done1 & ^: criticisms & sugge/ions h made m def9ite ?an w\ld o!rwise h be5 ! case1 ! problems involv$4 ,?anks are due to ,pr(essor ,lu!r ,a4 ,weigle1 :o read ! manuscript1 & help$ to cl>ify & make accurate ! expression ( ! ideas4 ,& my gratitude is giv5 to my wife1 ^: assi/ance 9 ! f9al prep>ation ( ! manuscript 0 invaluable1 & :o by h] con/ant helpfulness & loyalty made x possible = ! :ole "w to be br\ght to completion4 ,indianapolis1 ,janu>y1 #aibj4 ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,impulses ,,( ,,patriotism ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,impulses ,,( ,,atta*m5t ,:5 9 #aiad ! great w> broke out1 ! _w 0 a/\nd$4 ,!re 7 =ces at "w :i* m5 7 confid5t w\ld make ano!r w> betwe5 fir/-class p[]s impossible4 ,int]national relations & gr\p+s1 su* z ^? ( comm]ce1 labor1 art1 sci5ce1 & le>n+1 _h increas$ 9 /r5g? & numb]4 ,! t]ribl5ess & wa/e ( w> 7 deem$ to be s fully realiz$ t mod]n nations w\ld h no ta/e = arm$ conflict4 ,b ! w> came on1 & !re mu/ h be5 mighty causes to be able to produce s gigantic a result4 ,:at 7 !y8 ,:at c\ld be ! nature ( su* trem5d\s causes1 t yet rema9$ conceal$ & 9 _! issuance s took m5 by surprise8 ,! factors 7 v>i\s1 & "s1 ( c\rse1 _h be5 not$1 b "o factor :i* 0 unnotic$ by ! g5]al public & yet :i* is "o ( fundam5tal importance is ! rle tak5 9 patriotism by m5's unreason$ dispositions ( "*4 ,if ! ph5om5on ( patriotism is to be fully und]/ood1 x mu/ be analyz$ ) a view ( discov]+ :at are ^! deeply +ra9$ sets ( m9d & "* :i* are its raw mat]ial & :i* make x s p[]ful4#a ,patriotism is a complex s5tim5t4 ,!re is1 9 o!r words1 no s+le in/9ctive response 9 all human be+s to ! /imulus1 c\ntry4 ,:at1 !n1 are "s ( ! dispositions ( :i* patriotism is compos$8 ,!re are impulses :i* make prim>ily = atta*m5t1 & !re are ^? t make prim>ily = antipa?y4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ( ! impulses ( atta*m5t is ! disposition ( greg>i\sness4 ,hobbes1 inde$1 & o!rs aft] him1 built _! !ories ( ! /ate ^u ! doctr9e t man w\ld h be5 able to live alone _h n ! company ( o!rs be5 =c$ ^u him1 b t !re is an impulse ( greg>i\sness seems indisputable4 ,x is simply an obs]vable fact t !re are species ( animals t n only live 9 h]ds1 packs1 or flocks1 b :i* also %[ uneas9ess & di/ress at be+ sep>at$ f _! fell[s4 ,james cites ! obs]vation ( ,galton on ! greg>i\sness ( ! ,s\? ,african cattle4#b ,if an individual ( ?is species 7 sep>at$ f ! h]d x w\ld direct its :ole activity t[>ds gett+ back once m1 & :5 its object 0 atta9$1 w\ld plunge into ! he>t ( ! h]d z if to ba! its v body 9 contact ) its fell[s4 ,n[ man1 z well z o!r animals1 lives a gr\p life1 & x seems almo/ inevitable t he %\ld develop an impulse p>allel to ! outw>d facts ( 8 exi/5ce1 ev5 7 x n probable t he has inh]it$ greg>i\sness z a psy*ical disposition f 8 animal ance/ors4 ,t ! impulse is actually pres5t 9 ! human species is %[n by ! fact t !re is 9 man a /rong abhorr5ce ( prolong$ solitude4 ,pr(essor ,james' words on ?is po9t h come to be almo/ classical3 8,to be alone is "o ( ! greate/ evils = him ! normal man4 ,solit>y conf9em5t is by _m reg>d$ z a mode ( torture too cruel & unnatural = civiliz$ c\ntries to adopt4 ,to "o long p5t up on a des]t isl& ! sight ( a human footpr9t or a human =m 9 ! di/ance w\ld be ! mo/ tumultu\sly excit+ ( exp]i5ces40#c ,b ! impulse is also app>5t 9 m normal exp]i5ces4 ,s mu* d m5 desire ! company ( o!rs t x is n only an elem5t ( recreation usually1 b ! m s]i\s tasks ( life (t5 d]ive _! value n m because ( ! o/5sible end s\ght aft] ?an because ( ! human association :i* is involv$4 ,wilfr$ ,trott]#d has made greg>i\sness c5tral 9 8 /udy ( society4 ,he beg9s by approv+ ( ! me?od ( ^? :o h come at ! /udy f ! /&po9t ( ! in/9cts1 b expresses dissatisfaction ) ! limits ( _! results1 t is1 dissatisfaction ) ! k9d ( analysis t w\ld expla9 man by ref]r+ ! :ole ( 8 conduct to ! in/9cts ( self-pres]vation1 nutrition1 & sex4 ,su* an explanation1 he f9ds1 has be5 hi/orically attempt$1 b aft] x has gone z f> z x c\ld1 !re has always be5 left ov] an unexpla9$ ,x4 ,trott] accepts self-pres]vation1 nutrition1 & sex z fundam5tal in/9cts1 b completes ! li/ by br++ =w>d ! in/9ct ( ! h]d :i* he (f]s z ! explanation ( all human activity :i* 0 left unexpla9$ by ! o!r ?ree in/9cts m5tion$ above4 ,to ,trott] !re h be5 two great epo*-mak+ =w>d /eps 9 ! evolution ( life4 ,! fir/ came ) ! *ange f unicellul> to multicellul> organisms1 ! great advantage ( :i* 0 to make ! gr\p ( cells ! unit ( selection1 ?us to "s ext5t reliev+ ! s+le cell ( ! burd5 ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 & p]mitt+ x a great] *ance = v>iability )\t runn+ a great] risk ( ext9ction4 ,?is arrangem5t1 says ,trott]1 _h important influ5ces ^u all ! cells compris$ 9 ! organism4 ,! second great evolution>y advance came ) ! *ange f solit>y to greg>i\s animals1 & 0 att5d$ by modifications j z pr(\nd z _h accompani$ ! advance f unicellul> to multicellul> organisms4 ,"h aga9 ! p[] ( natural evolution op]at$ ^u ! gr\p z a unit1 ?us p]mitt+ once m great] v>iability on ! "p ( ! individual4 ,association 9 ! h]d became increas+ly valuable 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 & t5d$ to become m & m /rongly fix$ z a disposition ( animal nature1 a fact :i* _h fundam5tal influ5ce ^u ! m5tal *>act]i/ics ( ! individual4 ,!re are psy*ological traits :i* w\ld n exi/ b = ! fact ( greg>i\sness4 ,%yness1 emb>rassm5t1 fe>1 ang]1 love1 sympa?y1 sorr[1 & gratitude w\ld be devoid ( mean+ ap>t f _! connection ) social relations4 ,! fir/ important result ( ! in/9ct ( greg>i\sness is t x makes = homog5eity4 ,t is1 x is an impulse mak+ prim>ily = atta*m5t4 ,ea* individual t5ds to become ?or\ghly assimilat$ 9 ! life ( ! gr\p2 ! gr\p's ways h a vital mean+ to him4 ,s5sitiv5ess to ! behavior ( 8 fell[s is height5$1 & resi/iv5ess to ! sugge/ions ( ! h]d is l[]$4 ,a sugge/ion f outside is likely to be reject$1 & direct exp]i5ce t5ds to h little mean+1 if its tea*+s are at v>iance ) ! beliefs ( ! gr\p4 ,altruism arises2 x is a natural product ( ! situation :]e ! conditions ( life are su* t ea* individual is ( necessity con/antly 9 ! habit ( reg>d+ ! welf>e ( o!rs z well z t ( himself4 ,dang] f ! outside /imulates ea* individual1 & spreads fe> ?r\gh ! :ole gr\p4 ,! h]d huddles toge!r1 & ea* %>es 9 ! panic ( all4 ,lonel9ess at su* a "t is unbe>able4 ,n[ man is a social creature1 & has ! *>act]i/ics t result f h]d in/9ct4 ,he t5ds to become solidifi$ ) ^? ( 8 own k9d1 & feel uncom=table :5 out ( t\* ) !m2 to be sugge/ible to ! influ5ces ( 8 gr\p1 & resi/ive to ! influ5ces ( o!r gr\ps2 to feel altruism t[>ds ^? ( 8 own h]d & av]sion t[>ds ^? ( o!r h]ds2 to be ar\s$ :5 ! nation is ?reat5$1 & huddle 9 ! gr\p 9 ! face ( dang]4 ,all ^! *>act]i/ics "u ! prop] /imuli are manife/$ by patriotism4 ,a def9ition ( patriotism f ! /&po9t ( atta*m5t to ! gr\p is t ( ,sumn]3 8,patriotism is loyalty to ! civic gr\p to :i* "o belongs by bir? or o!r gr\p bond4 ,x is a s5tim5t ( fell[%ip & cop]ation 9 all ! hopes1 "w1 & suff]+s ( ! gr\p4#e ,! h]d is n tol]ant ( ! noncon=mi/4 ,! noncon=mi/ has 9 a way become a /rang]4 ,he has put himself out ( t\* ) ! gr\p4 ,! gr\p kn[s him & 8 ways1 b he has n p]mitt$ himself to be ?or\ghly assimilat$ by x4 ,& ! v ?+ t ! h]d desires & insi/s ^u is homog5eity4 ,9 ! words ( "o writ]1 8,! cr[d n only ne$s to make adh]5ts & ?us ma9ta9 its exi/5ce & increase 9 volume & p[]2 x ne$s no less to assimilate1 to dige/1 ! individuals :i* x swall[s up40#f ,! individual1 !n1 _c be too insi/5t ^u ! expression ( 8 own p]sonality4 ,8 life1 ev5 8 inn] life1 mu/ con=m to t ( ! gr\p4 ,8 emotions w n be a matt] m]ely ( 8 own conc]n4 8,h]d-union does n int5sify all emotions4 ,x int5sifies ^? :i* are felt 9 common1 b x actually dead5s & %uts d[n ^? :i* are only felt by ! individual40#g ,& indep5d5t ?\ght is ev5 m taboo4 8,?\ght 444 is m>k$ly individual & p]sonal4444 ,?\ght is critical1 & ! ,h]d wants unanimity1 n criticism4 ,consequ5tly ,h]d-union dead5s ?\ght40#h ,h5ce ! noncon=mi/ gets himself dislik$1 & ! outcome ( ! situation has usually be5 to subm]ge ! individual1 & assimilate him to ! gr\p4 ,! moral ( ! tale is t patriotism acts 9 t way4 8,patriotism1 :i* is ! cr[d-emotion ( a ,nation1 makes at times supreme claims on e citiz5 & en=ces !m by public op9ion s p[]ful t few c or desire to evade !m40#i ,^! obs]vations ?r[ light ^u ! "q :e!r patriotism is a political or national emotion4 ,is patriotism atta*m5t to ! gov]nm5t or /ate1 or is x love ( "o's national gr\p8 ,!re c be no d\bt t x is ! latt] r ?an ! =m]4 ,x is an outgr[? ( tribal feel+4 ,b]tr& ,russell is only ov]/at+ a tru? :5 he says t 8,tribal feel+1 :i* always und]lay loyalty to ! sov]eign1 has rema9$ z /rong z x ev] 01 & is n[ ! *ief support = ! p[] ( ! ,/ate40#aj ,!re is an egoi/ic elem5t 9 ! atta*m5t ( patriotism4 ,x is an adhesion to "o's own1 & "o's own is b an ext5sion ( himself4 ,patriotism is a p]sonal matt]4 ,t is1 x is bas$ ^u a p]sonal relation%ip4 ,"o cleaves to 8 gr\p n on acc\nt ( its intr9sic wor? simply b because ( :at x is wor? to him4 ,! majority ( m5 are mo/ loyal to :at is ne>e/ !mselves4 ,ea* "o ( !m seems to himself to be ! c5t] ( 8 sph]e1 & ?+s v>y 9 importance 9 direct ratio to _! ne>ness to ! c5t]4 ,?is fact gives ! key to a v common k9d ( patriotism4 ,x is simply ! loyalty t m5 feel to ! ext5sion ( _! own ego4 8,"o's own0 includes ! p ( 8 gr\p1 i4 e41 ! p :o are mo/ l himself4 ,^! p %>e _m ?+s 9 common ) himself4 ,!y h simil> habits & cu/oms1 & all ?is conduces to r5d] !m "o's own4 8,"o's own0 also includes ! soil4 ,x is t :i* is b5ea? "o's v feet2 x su/a9s "o2 x n\ri%es "o4 ,fur!rmore1 "o kn[s x z he _c "k any /range l&1 & z no /rang] c "k 8 l&4 ,he lives 9 x ?r\gh\t ! :ole ye>1 & kn[s x intimately 9 all its peculi>ities & *ang+ moods4 ,consequ5tly1 8 patriotism has 9 x a love ( ! 8l& :]e 8 fa!rs di$40 ,virgil und]/ood ! mean+ ( ?is love ( ! soil4 ,he himself felt x ke5ly1 & because ( x refus$ to accept ! old home e/ate ( a ,roman s5t into exile4 ,x 0 *>act]i/ic t he made neas lam5t ,troy ev5 :5 he 0 go+ out to e/abli% ,rome itself4 ,x 0 because ( ?is und]/&+1 9 "p at lea/1 t he 0 l$ to urge ! ,romans to get back to ! soil1 realiz+ t f a love ( ! soil to a love ( our soil is b a /ep4#aa ,h[ev]1 :at "o has be5 us$ to %\ld n be tak5 z ! only k9d ( ! patriotism ( atta*m5t t !re is4 ,if adhesion to "o's own c\ld n be ov]come1 loyalty to "o's e>lie/ home w\ld q uni=mly be /rong] ?an patriotism4 ,b sometimes "o beg9s to feel t 8 *ildhood 0 sp5t 9 cramp$ qu>t]s1 & t 8 e>ly op9ions 7 inadequate4 ,! emotion t he may be v likely to feel "u su* conditions is n t ( affection b t ( contempt & disgu/4 ,q (t5 :5 !re is a conflict betwe5 loyalty to ! nation & loyalty to ! community1 loyalty to ! nation proves ! /rong]4 ,ano!r indication t m5 are n insep>ably b\nd to :at !y h be5 us$ to is t !y *ange _! nation1 adopt ano!r c\ntry1 & side ) x ev5 aga9/ ! c\ntry ( _! bir?4 ,"s "t ago !re appe>$ 9 "o ( ! l>ge newspap]s a lett] f a naturaliz$ ,g]man 9 :i* 0 ?is s5t5ce3 8,p]haps y w\ld appreciate y\r ,am]ican citiz5%ip bett] if1 l me1 y _h be5 born & br\ght up 9 ,g]many40#ab ,a reason = ?is atta*m5t to "o's own is ! impulse :i* impels "o to want to feel at home 9 8 _w4 ,x is an impulse :i* craves ord]2 & x %[s itself 9 a desire = a unifi$ _w4 ,!re seems to be an e/hetic elem5t 9 x2 ! normal m9d ) a s5se ( beauty _c endure *aos4 ,x repres5ts a rational dem&2 x is1 = in/ance1 a driv+ =ce 9 philosophy4 ,x f9ds ano!r root 9 ! desire = safety4 ,"o wants a fri5dly _w 9 :i* he feels sure ( himself & :]e he c live freely )\t be+ tr\bl$ by ! /range or unkn[n4 ,n[ "o's c\ntry pres5ts a _w t he kn[s & c f9d 8 way 92 consequ5tly1 x satisfies ?is dem& = a unifi$ _w organiz$ ab\t "o's own life1 & by virtue ( ?is "* x is able to furni% an additional item 9 ! /imuli to patriotism4 ,man is atta*$ to 8 c\ntry v mu* z he is atta*$ to himself2 he c\ld n v well help ! "o any m ?an he c\ld help ! o!r4 ,b :at is 9 "o way a m]e expression ( egoism becomes also an affection4 ,unless !re is "s special reason = ! contr>y1 "o is likely to *]i% a real affection = t ) :i* he has long be5 associat$1 & especially s1 if x has be5 ( use to him4 ,?is fact gives ju/ification = ! popul> def9ition ( patriotism z 8! love ( c\ntry40 ,?is affection ev5 may be selfi%1 b x may also take on a m altrui/ic "*4 ,altruism naturally & p]=ce develops 9 a greg>i\s society4 ,&1 moreov]1 ! p>5tal in/9ct adds its /r5g?4 ,! protection ( ! home is a /rong s5tim5t 9 patriotism4 ,& ! t5d] emotion ( ! p>5tal in/9ct may be ext5d$ to o!rs besides (fspr+4 ,patriotism gets color$ by x1 & becomes v mu* l x4 ,mc,dougall says t1 8,l ! fully develop$ p>5tal s5tim5t1 ! patriotism ( _m m5 is a fusion ( ?is quasi-altrui/ic ext5sion ( ! self-reg>d+ s5tim5t ) ! truly altrui/ic s5tim5t ( love40#ac ,patriotism is1 !n1 9 "p egoi/ic & 9 "p altrui/ic4 ,9 a nation beset ) enemies x w inde$ take ! =m ( animosity t[>d ! enemy1 b 9 a prosp]\s nation w direct itself v frequ5tly to int]nal improvem5t4 ,& x may be said t x reta9s some?+ ( altruism z well z egoism ev5 9 w>4 ,x is1 ev5 :ile be+ combative t[>ds ! out-gr\p1 altrui/ic t[>ds ! 9-gr\p4#ad ,! _s ( atta*m5t 9 patriotism may ev5 g s f> z to become a wor%ip4 ,religi\s impulse has frequ5tly be5 an elem5t 9 patriotism4 ,religion & patriotism 7 almo/ ! same ?+ 9 ,israel4 ,b !re are mod]n p>allels4 ,a cl]gyman n long ago 0 report$ to h said t ! m5 :o di$ ^u ! field ( battle 7he 0 ?9k+ ( m5 ( 8 own nation7 w\ld /raightway rea* heav51 s9ce !y _h di$ = _! fell[ m54 ,x is evid5t t be+ a patriot held some?+ ( a religi\s f]vor = t cl]gyman4 ,probably ! ,kais] feels a religi\s exaltation :i* su/a9s him 9 ! belief t he is ! in/rum5t ( ,god4 ,alfr$ ,loisy#ae opposes ,*ri/ianity & patriotism to "o ano!r1 mu* to ! cr$it ( patriotism4 ,accord+ to ,loisy1 ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ianity & patriotism are incompatible1 & ^? ( ,*ri/ianity are q inadequate = ! pres5t crisis4 ,!re=e patriotism is mu* nobl] & n only %\ld b w supplant ,*ri/ianity4 ,! only liv+ fai?1 s he says1 is t ( devotion to "o's c\ntry4 ,= t m5 w sacrifice4 8,c]ta9ly10 says ,loisy1 8x is an augu/ life = :i* a man w sacrifice 8 own )\t grudg+ x2 b x is n = a bless$ immortality 9 ! company ( ,*ri/ & ! sa9ts2 x is = ! life ( ! c\ntry40#af ,?is acc\nt ( :at ,loisy says is set d[n "h n s mu* because x gives an idea ( patriotism1 b because ?r\gh x ,loisy passionately expresses 8 own ideal4 ,9 8 book !re brea!s a mo/ int5se love = ,france4 ,?is love1 he says1 is ! absorb+ passion ( ! p ( ,france1 & is :at unites !m4 ,aga9 we quote 8 own words3 8,!re are a fai? & love 9 :i* x ! army is unanim\s z aga9/ ! lack ( unanimity 9 ,*ri/ianity3 ! love ( our c\ntry1 & an imp]i%able belief 9 h] future2 ov] ^! s5tim5ts1 all are 9 communion1 & ! :ole c\ntry agrees ) ! army4 ,"h is our common religion3 "o :i* has no unbeliev]s2 9 :i* ^? :o are fai?ful to ! old cre$ may frat]nize indiscrim9ately ) ! adh]5ts ( ! new] pr9ciples4444 ,diff]5ces ( religion c\nt no long] 9 face ( ! absorb+ int]e/1 ! burn+ passion1 ! true religion1 bo? ( ?is & ( e mom5t1 namely devotion to ! immortality ( ,france40#ag 8,s long z we live1 we are det]m9$ to live 9 our own way2 & t :i* gives u our vig\r n[ aga9/ ! invad] is nei!r a lu/ ( conque/1 nor ! hate :i* an unju/1 cruel1 & fanatical enemy des]ves1 b ! love ( our anci5t ,france1 :o is our all1 :om we ye>n to pres]ve1 & :om we are v[$ to save40#ah ,"h is a devotion :i* am\nts to a religion1 & x furni%es an example ( ! work+ ( ! religi\s impulse 9 patriotism4 ,x is n yet "t to draw f9al conclusions1 b x is n out ( place to note 9 pass+ t patriotism 0 n condemn$ by its egoi/ic +r$i5ts1 & is n n[ ju/ifi$ by its elem5ts ( altruism4 ,view$ z a religion1 "o may say t x is too likely to become fanatical4 ,! will+ness to die ^u ! battlefield1 r ?an goodness1 becomes ! f9al te/ ( ! desirable citiz54 ,moreov]1 ! injury work$ ^u o!rs is apt to be ov]look$4 ,z a religion1 patriotism has ! /r5g?1 b n ! necess>y univ]sality4 ,:at x does is wrongly to elevate a good to ! /&>d ( ! ,good4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,impulses ,,( ,,antipa?y ,! impulses ( antipa?y h play$ an important role 9 ! developm5t ( patriotism4 ,:5 "o becomes aw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( o!r peoples unlike himself1 ! s5se ( diff]5ce :i* arises is liable to take on ! "* ( a /rong & active av]sion to & depreciation ( !m4 ,no?+ is m common ?an ! feel+ t "o's own p is a k9d ( *os5 race1 & t all o!r races are inf]ior4 ,a speak] :o _h liv$ _m ye>s among ! ,navajo ,indians once said t !y reg>d$ & call$ !mselves 8,! ,p40 ,!y 7 at ! top ( mank9d2 ! ,mexicans rank$ next to !m2 ! ,am]icans came ?ird & la/4 ,?is 0 _! arrangem5t ( all ! peoples t !y knew4 ,! same attitude appe>s 9 civiliz$ man4 ,he is *>act]iz$ by self-satisfaction1 & ! peculi>ities ( o!rs1 ev5 ( dialect & pronunciation1 are en\gh to call =? contempt & ridicule4 ,x foll[s t /rang]s c easily be enemies4 ,9 ,lat91 ! ^w ho/is :i* at fir/ meant simply /rang] or =eign] came lat] to mean enemy4 ,! words ( ,loisy are aga9 appropriate3 8,9 ! l[] /ages ( human evolution1 a =eign] is n f> f be+ an enemy1 if he be n "o actually4 ,9 ! high] /ages ( our evolution1 among p :o ?9k !y are really civiliz$1 he /ill seems 9 practice to be ( ano!r species1 because he has a diff]5t m5tality1 & unusual ways4 ,ea* sep>ate human gr\p has ?us a fa%ion ( collective egoism1 :5ce comes self-satisfaction1 a pride :i* may possess dignity1 :i* may be a p[]1 b :i* also may become a s\rce ( bl9dness & wick$ness40#ai ,?is antipa?y to =eign]s has be5 /rong ev5 :5 o!r =ces appe>$ to be 9 ! asc5dancy4 ,su* 0 ! case1 = in/ance1 :5 religion seem$ to h ! c5t] ( ! /age2 nationali/ic jeal\sy 0 a factor 9 ! movem5ts :i* c5t]$ ab\t ,wiclif1 ,huss1 ,lu!r1 ,h5ry ,,viii1 & ,john ,knox4 ,^! m5 c\ld all c\nt ^u antipa?y to =eign]s4 ,& ! same antipa?y %[s itself today 9 ! fact t ! peoples ( diff]5t nations n only hate ! enemy1 b also %[ a lack ( solicitude ab\t _! allies4 ,9 ! outcry = increas$ production 9 ! spr+ ( #aiag1 "s individuals express$ !mselves z be+ ready to plant = ,am]ican consumption1 b unwill+ t any ( ! products %\ld g to =eign]s4 ,& ! 8=eign]s0 t 7 9 m9d 9 "s in/ances 7 ! ,canadians1 our next-door neighbors4 ,x may be add$1 h[ev]1 t x does n seem z if !re is 9 race hatr$ any insurm\ntable ob/acles to ov]com+ x4 ,races :i* are ?r[n into contact become accu/om$ to "o ano!r1 & are able to live 9 h>mony4 ,! =m assum$ by ! g5]al impulse ( av]sion or antipa?y may be ei!r def5sive or aggressive1 & may t5d t[>d ei!r self-pres]vation or self-ass]tion4 ,!re are nations :i* ( _! own motion w n be w>like1 b 9 :i* ! w>like temp] w fl>e up :5 !y are once attack$4 ,9 su* nations patriotism has be5 associat$ ) ! fight = fre$om4 ,sometimes x seems z if ! def9ition ( ! patriot 0 t he 0 "o :o def5d$ 8 c\ntry's lib]ty4 ,?is love ( fre$om is featur$ 9 ,am]ican expressions ( patriotism4 ,a v]se f 8,hail1 ,columbia10 w s]ve z an example3 8,immortal patriots6 rise once m3 ,def5d y\r rights1 def5d y\r %ore3 ,let no rude foe ) impi\s h& ,let no rude foe ) impi\s h& ,invade ! %r9e :]e sacr$ lies ,( toil & blood ! well-e>n$ prize40 ,! call 9 ?is v]se is t = def5se4 ,!re is an in/9ct t att5ds ?is impulse to self-pres]vation t /rikes "o =cibly z be+ prom95t 9 ! patriotism ( ! pres5t "t1 & t is fe>4 ,x is an impulse t manife/s itself :5 "o's exi/5ce or vital int]e/s are ?reat5$4 ,! peoples ( ! _w today are 9 an excitem5t ( fe> because ea* "o ( !m believes t national exi/5ce & ! p]sonal values t dep5d ^u x are endang]$4 ,!re is a reason :y x is easy = nations1 :ile tru/+ 9 _! own good int5tions1 to be suspici\s ( "o ano!r4 ,:5 ! individual looks at 8 own c\ntry1 he is likely to see ! common p :o are all ab\t him & are l himself4 ,&1 s9ce he feels t 8 own purposes are good1 he c easily cr$it good motives to 8 fell[-citiz5s4 ,b :51 on ! o!r h&1 he looks into ano!r c\ntry1 he is likely to see ! gov]n+ class loom+ up1 s9ce t is ! class t figures mo/ prom95tly 9 ! newspap]s4 ,& x is ?is class :i* is likely to be mo/ aggressively nationali/ic1 & is1 moreov]1 ! object ( v little und]/&+ by ! ord9>y man4 ,h5ce1 :ile he ?9ks t all ! good p t he kn[s _c comprise any?+ t is inhuman1 he c believe t !re may v well be =eign mon/]s4 ,! result is fe>1 fe> ( o!r c\ntries1 a fe> t breaks out into a panic :5 dang] arises1 & drives m5 to seek ! safety ( ! fa!rl&4 ,n[ ! pres5t is a "t ( panic1 & ! impulse ( fe> has put its impress deep ^u curr5t patriotism4 ,b :at is fe>$ t5ds to become hat$ too1 & s patriotism gets t+$ ) hate4 ,examples ( x are at h&4 ,?is w> has produc$ its 8,hymn ( ,hate10 s label$1 & o!rs n s label$4 ,_m ( ! ,psalms are expressions ( patriotic hate1 & s9ce ! w> began h be5 read z su*4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson#bj cont5ds t patriotism is no?+ else b fe> & hatr$4 ,to 8 m9d patriotism is n love or affection at all1 & ! only app>5t affection !re may be1 is t :i* is compell$ by ! necessity = common action aga9/ an enemy4 ,fe> itself1 ,rob]tson po9ts out1 implies a ho/ile impulse2 love & hate1 cohesion & repulsion1 are to him /rictly correlative t]ms2 !re is no love :i* is n l9k$ ) hate4 8,x is n10 he says1 8bro!rhood1 or sympa?y1 or goodwill t unites ! g5]al population 9 a flu% ( passion aga9/ ano!r population3 ! o/5sible bro!rhood ( ! mom5t is m]ely a pass+ product ( ! union ( egoisms40#ba ,x is c]ta9 t 9 great measure ,rob]tson is "r4 ,b "o may well d\bt ! tru? ( ! ass]tion t x is necess>y to hate 9 ord] to love4 ,x is n necess>y to hate "o woman 9 ord] to love ano!r1 or to h an enemy 9 ord] to possess a fri5d4 ,nei!r does x seem ess5tial 9 ! nature ( ?+s to hate "o c\ntry 9 ord] to be able to love ano!r4 ,moreov]1 hatr$ is n unqualifi$ly a t]m ( opprobrium4 ,h[ c "o rightly c>e = any?+ )\t 9 "s way res5t+ attacks ^u x8 ,!re are su* ?+s z righte\s wra? & righte\s hatr$ if !y be direct$ aga9/ :at is evil4 ,^! rem>ks ^u fe> & hatr$ ?r[ fur!r light ^u "s ( ! ph5om5a ( patriotism already t\*$ ^u4 ,"o c bett] und]/& n[ ! frantic excitem5t t (t5 att5ds a national crisis2 fe> 8m ?an 444 any o!r in/9ct1 t5ds to br+ to an end at once all o!r m5tal activity1 rivet+ ! att5tion ^u its object to ! exclusion ( all o!rs40#bb ,new light is ?r[n ^u ! solid>ity ! gr\p %[s4 ,"u ! /imulus ( fe>1 ! h]d in/9ctively unites4 ,unity is ! basis ( morale4 ,& ! individual subord9ates himself to ! gr\p2 8 normal intol]ance ( isolation is height5$ 9 ! pres5ce ( fe>4 ,& a coroll>y ( all ?is is t ! patriotism ( fe> is de/ructive ( ?\ght1 b is prolific 9 unity ( emotion & action4 ,self-ass]tion is an attitude :i* "u ! conflict ( int]e/s ) o!rs may be induc$4 ,& 9 ! ext]nal affairs ( nations1 x may be br\ght to triumph ov] ! motive ( security4 ,! means by :i* ?is is done is ?r\gh ! argum5t t only by tak+ an aggressive "p c "o def5d himself1 ! argum5t 9 o!r words1 t ! be/ def5se is a good (f5se4 ,! result is t ! di/9ction betwe5 def5sive & (f5sive w>f>e is liable to be oblit]at$1 a fact :i* adds to ! p]plexities ( ! problem ( w>4 8,! feel+ t w> is always def5sive wrecks ! peace propag&a4 ,! ^w def5sive is capable ( be+ /ret*$ indef9itely4 ,x is n conf9$ necess>ily to prev5t+ an invasion4 ,a p w feel t x is fight+ a def5sive w> if x attacks a nation :i* may attack x 9 ! future4444 ,or ! p may feel t :at x reg>ds z its legitimate expansion is be+ ?w>t$4444 ,s by imp]ceptible gradations e w> c be ju/ifi$1 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 is ju/ifi$ z def5sive40#bc ,:5 once a w> is />t$1 a p w support x1 ev5 if x is aggressive1 & if "o c\ples ) ?is ! fact t :5 a nation arms 9 self-def5se1 x acquires ! means ( aggression1 he c und]/& h[ easily a patriotism :i* supports only a policy ( self-pres]vation c be br\ght to support a policy ( self-ass]tion4 ,"o way 9 :i* ! w to self-ass]tion is likely to manife/ itself is z an impulse to expansion4 ,a /ation>y condition is n satisfactory to ! gr\p2 x desires to rea* out4 ,?is impulse %[s itself 9 *ur*es & ord]s ( all k9ds by ! con/ant dem& = new memb]s4 ,! gr\p wants to see itself gr[4 ,b if nations gr[1 !y are apt to ?9k t !y ne$ m l&4 ,& :5 ?is occurs _! patriotism w atta* itself to ! desire = expansion1 & become imp]ialism4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson c\ples ! words ,patriotism & ,empire 9 ! title ( a book1 & 9 t book he says1 8,patriotism conv5tionally def9$ z ! love ( c\ntry1 444 turns out r obvi\sly to /& = love ( m c\ntry40#bd ,& :]e !re is c\pl$ ) ?is ! impulse ( acquisition1 x becomes pla9 :y ! economic rivalry ( nations has be5 s important 9 br++ ab\t ! situation out ( :i* w> arises4 ,! impulse ( expansion und]goes b a slight *ange to become ! w to dom9ation4 ,?is latt] is a primitive impulse4 ,! ,indian 0 taught to despise manual labor1 b to glory 9 ! ov]com+ & plund]+ ( o!r tribes4 ,x is /ill dom9ant 9 ! race4 ,:at m5 desire1 at lea/ 9 ! ,we/]n _w1 is p[]1 & !y w\ld r ex]cise dom9ion ov] o!rs ?an be free !mselves4 ,goe! puts ! idea 9 poetical =m3 8,h[ (t5 has x aris56 ,yes1 & x w arise ,ev] & ev]more6 ,no man yields sov]eignty ,unto 8 fell[3 none w yield to him ,:o won ! p[] by =ce1 & by =ce keeps 8 hold4 ,= man1 :o _c rule 8 own unruly he>t1 ,is hot to rule 8 neighbor1 b9d him to 8 w40#be ,! desire = dom9ion 0 awak5$ by ! ,napoleonic aggressions1 & has play$ a great "p 9 fann+ ! flame ( nationalism 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x has giv5 nationalism an aggressive & militant "*4 ,& ! p ( a democratic c\ntry are n immune f ! virus2 !y z well z k+s sometimes give !mselves up to ! ?ir/ = dom9ation1 a fact :i* has at lea/ "s be>+ ^u :e!r or n democracy w make ! _w safe4 ,! citiz5 r>ely disputes ! ext]nal sov]eignty ( 8 c\ntry4 ,consequ5tly ! fact ( int]nal democracy by no means gives assurance t a c\ntry w uni=mly ab/a9 f assum+ ! attitude ( a dyna/ic /ate :5 x faces ! _w4 ,democracy (t5 ceases at ! wat]'s edge4 ,pride is a "p ( patriotism4 ,m5 walk ) heads up & *e/s out at ! consci\sness ( belong+ to a conqu]+ or respect$ nation4 ,! triumphal processions ( ! ,romans 7 a spectacle t no d\bt /irr$ patriotism ( ?is v>iety 9 noble ,roman he>ts4 ,!y c\ld 8po9t ) pride0 to _! glory4 ,& a little t\* ( glory makes ! :ole _w k92 mod]n m5 9 _! swell+ national pride are ( ! same /ock z ! anci5t m5 ( ,rome4 ,m5 n[ id5tify !mselves ) _! gr\p1 & feel t along ) x1 !y !mselves rise or fall 9 importance4 ,if ! c\ntry submits to ano!r's w1 !y hang _! heads 9 %ame2 if x imposes ^u ano!r its own w1 !y hold _! heads high4 ,an important practical consequ5ce ( national pride is t no p n[ w\ld volunt>ily cons5t to peace )\t honor1 :i* is food = ?\ght 9 ! plann+ ( peace4 ,! patriotism ( pride is n loa? to meet its adv]s>y ^u ! field ( honor4 ,:5 nations h a lively s5se ( p[] & pre/ige1 a situation is creat$ :i* furni%es admirable fuel = tr\ble4 ,= insecure pride w induce fe>1 & fe>ful pride w all[ no nation to d o!r ?an to res5t insults1 real or suppos$1 promptly & bitt]ly4 ,mat]ial int]e/s ne$ n cla% 9 ord] t a w> be provok$4 ,if ! patriot says to himself t ! c\ntry's honor has be5 assail$1 ! fight is on1 no matt] :at ! insult may consi/ 92 x may h to d ) only a matt] ( m]e punctilio4 ,an insult has be5 (f]$1 & injur$ pride does n enjoy itself until x reaps rev5ge4 ,( c\rse ! crime is t ! insult is a public "o4 8,! act t1 m c]ta9ly ?an any o!r1 provokes v5geful emotion is ! public insult1 :i*1 if n imm$iately res5t$1 l[]s "o 9 ! eyes ( "o's fell[s4 ,su* an insult calls out "o's positive self-feel+1 ) its impulse to ass]t oneself & to make good "o's value & p[] 9 ! public eye40#bf ,b x does n happ5 t any "o c\ntry is all[$ to ass]t itself )\t opposition4 ,o!rs w foll[ ! example1 attempt to ass]t !mselves1 & make good _! pre/ige4 ,:at !n happ5s is t !re is a race = p[]1 & patriotism becomes a _s ( rivalry or emulation4#bg ,! fact is t :at mo/ ( u desire is n only well-be+ b pre/ige1 n only ! ,good1 b ! ,bett] or ! ,be/4 ,a?letic conte/s are inve/$ ) su* great int]e/ n only because !y may be good games1 b because !y are conte/s1 conte/s p]haps betwe5 traditional rivals1 or are = ! *ampion%ip ( ?is1 t1 or ! o!r4 ,x is likewise ) c\ntries4 ,national welf>e is view$ at ! pres5t "t v l>gely z a competitive success4 ,& affairs h come to su* a condition t no "o c\ntry d>es to let up 9 its vigilance 9 ! univ]sal competition4 ,individually x is helpless4 ,if x relaxes1 its competitor w monopolize all ! advantages1 its own pre/ige w be l[]$1 & x w be invit+ aggression 9 :i* x w be prey$ ^u4 ,!re doesn't seem to be mu* help = ! situation except 9 ! conc]t$ action ( nations4 ,b 9 ! mean:ile ! /ruggle goes on1 & patriots ?r[ !mselves into ! _s ( x ) ab&on4 ,x %\ld be said t x is n inevitable t ! impulse ( rivalry %\ld issue exclusively 9 de/ructive conflict4 ,"o does n ne$ to de/roy 8 competitor 9 ord] t he himself %\ld be b5efit$1 & 9 fact enlight5$ competition does desire ! pres]vation & welf>e ( ! competitors4 ,"o way 9 :i* ! emulative impulse diff]s f ! combative impulse1 = in/ance1 is j ?is1 t x does seek to pres]ve a defeat$ competitor4 ,! possibility is1 !n1 t patriotism may be sublimat$ into a high] & m innoc5t =m ( rivalry ?an :at we h at pres5t4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 to deal ) ! pres5t fact t ! rivalry ( nations is likely to issue 9 w>4 ,& h5ce x becomes necess>y to take into consid]ation ! impulse ( pugnacity4 ,! pla9 fact is t w> has a fasc9ation4 ,ev5 if "o's own c\ntry be n involv$1 "o turns eag]ly to ! w> news 9 ! daily pap]s4 ,hi/ory is ! hi/ory ( w>s4 ,! attractiv5ess ( w> is express$ 9 ! foll[+ v]se ( ,ri*>d ,le ,galli5ne3 8,w> ,i abhor ,& yet h[ sweet ,! s\nd along ! m>*+ /reet ,( drum & fife6 & ,i =get ,wet eyes ( wid[s1 & =get ,brok5 old mo!rs1 & ! :ole ,d>k but*]y )\t a s\l40 ,!re is t ab\t ! m>tial life :i* excites en?usiasm1 & t en?usiasm gets connect$ ) patriotism4 ,patriotism runs at high tide 9 w> times4#bh ,& n[1 does ! pres5ce ( ! in/9ct ( pugnacity compel at once an unfavorable v]dict on patriotism8 ,!re is no d\bt t pugnacity may lead to :at is undesirable2 x does become 8d>k but*]y )\t a s\l40 ,is patriotism = t to be condemn$8 ,9 answ] to ?is two ?+s may be said4 ,to beg9 )1 militancy may be a good1 & c no m be condemn$ 9 ! ab/ract ?an c pacifism4 ,!re is no gr\nd = say+ t pacifism is a virtue 9 itself4 ,"o might be pacifi/ic simply because he did n c>e ab\t 8 fell[ m51 or simply because he 0 afraid to fight4 ,nonresi/ance is inde$ "u "s conditions a good1 & s is ! impulse ( pugnacity4 ,totally devoid ( x1 nei!r ! individual nor ! nation c live 9 o!r ?an pusillanim\s c[>dice2 _! ideals w n be mu*1 & f !m %all be tak5 ev5 ! little t !y h4 ,9 ! second place1 patriotism does n issue exclusively 9 w>4 ,x has already be5 %[n t x has a positive "* ( atta*m5t1 & may develop )\t ref]5ce to w>1 b :olly ) ref]5ce to ! pursuits ( peace4 ,! analysis ( ! impulses ( patriotism has emphasiz$ ! tru? ( a proposition t 0 /at$ at ! beg9n+2 patriotism is a complex ph5om5on4 ,x is1 z x actually appe>s1 compos$ ( a wide v>iety ( impulses1 :i* appe> 9 %ift+ comb9ations1 & %[ !mselves n[ 9 "o p]son & "t & n[ 9 ano!r4 ,! conclusion may also be drawn t !re has be5 f\nd "h no gr\nd = pass+ a f9al v]dict ei!r favorable or unfavorable ^u patriotism4 ,!re has be5 f\nd 9 ! in/9ctive basis ( patriotism an elem5t :i* gives x its trem5d\s p[]1 b t result does n answ] ! "q reg>d+ ! moral wor? ( patriotism4 ,in/9cts are j t5d5cies t tak5 simply z in/9cts h no moral "* at all4 ,_! moral wor? dep5ds ^u ! way 9 :i* !y are us$4 ,consequ5tly1 be=e "o c e/imate ! wor? ( patriotism1 he mu/ see h[ ^! impulses are us$ 9 x4 ,! impulses !mselves are n patriotism4 ,!y =m raw mat]ial = & give "* to x1 b !y !mselves are n patriotism4 ,!y s]ve equally well z raw mat]ial = o!r human int]e/s f> remov$ f ?is "o4 ,in/9cts alone are unorganiz$1 & are capable ( be+ %ap$ into an indef9ite numb] ( mean+s4 ,! fur!r "q t w ultimately h to be answ]$ is t conc]n+ :at ! organiz+ factor is t c ev] give to any comb9ation ( impulses ! mean+1--patriotism4 ,t inve/igation w next be ent]$ ^u4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,habituation ,,( ,,patriotism ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,delib]ate ,,habituation ,"o way by :i* ! impulses & dispositions ( human "* are amalgamat$ 9 patriotism is by habituation4 ,! habits ( patriotism are j z p[]ful & important z ! impulses4 ,! impulses1 9 fact1 are mold$ into habits1 & are pr(\ndly modifi$ by ! environm5t & regim5 to :i* !y are subject$4 ,! habits become ! ma/]s ( ! impulses4 ,?\ght at ?is po9t ent]s into ! problem1 b x is n ! individual's own ?\ght2 x is ! ?\ght ( ! society :i* surr\nds him4 ,8 articles ( fai? are habits acquir$ f society4 8444 ,x is ?r\gh habit t ! influ5ce ( intellig5ce has mo/ control ov] ! lives ( ! majority ( civiliz$ m540#bi ,on ! "p ( ! individual1 ! ?\ght is involunt>y1 or at lea/ unvolunt>y1 & is accompani$ by l action4 ,mo/ ( man's beliefs are nonrational1 ev5 ?\gh he supposes t he has come to hold !m by 8 own free & delib]ate *oice4 ,society holds trem5d\s p[] ov] ! build+ ( "*2 9 l>ge measure1 x controls ! mat]ial t ! m9d has to "w on4 ,& ?is control is ( prim>y importance4 8444 ,! ess5tial fact :i* has made ! ,great ,society possible is ! discov]y1 h&$ d[n by tradition & in/ruction1 t ,?\ght c be f$ by delib]ately collect$ mat]ial1 & /imulat$1 su/a9$1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t1 controll$ by an ef=t ( w40#cj ,n[1 ! patriotic _s1 along ) o!r dispositions1 may be acquir$ z a habit1 & ! mold into :i* patriotism runs is notori\sly ) mo/ m5 a matt] ( circum/ances & habituation4 ,along ?is l9e1 x is int]e/+ to speculate z to :at ,am]ican patriotism w\ld be if ?is c\ntry _h nev] sep>at$ f ,engl&1 if ! ?irte5 colonies _h n be5 able to =m a f$]ation1 or if ! ,s\? _h be5 successful 9 ! ,civil ,w>4 ,! loyalty ( ,am]icans w\ld h be5 totally diff]5t1 b no d\bt w\ld be j z devot$ z x actually is4 ,x is a hi/orical fact t ,engli% patriotism has modifi$ itself to correspond to ! expansion ( ! empire4 ,9 view ( all ?is1 "o c h>dly resi/ ! conclusion t patriotism dep5ds q l>gely ^u habituation & use & wont4 ,patriotism is a national habit2 & x is a habit :i* ev5 7 x prov$ to be no?+ b evil1 w\ld n be easily brok51 s9ce x is acquir$ f life's e>lie/ ye>s onw>d4 8,! sup]/itions ( our e>ly ye>s1 ,e'en :5 we "k !m to be no?+ m1 ,lose n = t _! hold ^u our he>ts2 ,n all are free :o ridicule _! *a9s40#ca ,!re are two k9ds ( ! habituation ( patriotism1 delib]ate & spontane\s1 consci\s & unconsci\s1 direct & indirect4 ,! m obvi\s ( ! two is t ( consci\s & delib]ate habituation4 ,!re are ag5cies t are con/antly be+ us$ ) delib]ate purpose t[>ds ! regim5tation ( ! populace 9 patriotism4 8,patriotism is sy/ematically cultivat$ by anniv]s>ies1 pilgrimages1 symbols1 songs1 recitations1 etc40#cb ,!re are num]\s patriotic societies1 su* z ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic1 ! ,daught]s ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ! ,sons ( ,vet]ans1 ! ,woman's ,relief ,corps1 ! ,daught]s ( ! ,conf$]acy1 & o!rs4#cc ,b !re are o!r & m important =ces back ( ! inculcation ( patriotism4 ,9 mo/ c\ntries ! /ate ) all its p[] is vigilant le/ patriotism be all[$ to become otiose4 ,& x has means at its disposal t range f ! selection & repression ( news to ! active use ( all sorts ( influ5ces :i* sway ! m9d ( ! public4 ,& ^! influ5ces d n g unemploy$4 ,!re are ^? 9 ! /ate :o h a special int]e/ 9 ar\s+ a /rong s5tim5t ( patriotism4 ,conspicu\s among su* are ! pr(essional soldi]s4 ,!y1 ( c\rse1 want a solidifi$ population4 ,_! tra9+ has emphasiz$ _! appreciation ( ! value ( ob$i5ce & uni=mity4 ,^! virtues are ess5tials 9 ! discipl9e ( an army1 & 9 t]ms ( milit>y logic !y seem to be ess5tials 9 ! organization ( a c\ntry4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson has a division ( a book :i* he has devot$ to a discussion ( ! regim5tation ( milit>ism4#cd ,b ! gu>dian%ip ( ! patriotic fire )9 ! /ate is n turn$ ov] entirely into soldi]ly h&s4 ,o!r int]e/s1 ^: nature & motives 9 contra/ ) ! /raight=w>d purposes ( ! c\ntry's gu>dians are su* z to make x difficult to describe !m 9 ! dispassionate _s ( sci5tific & philosophic disc\rse1 are ready ) _! assi/ance4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 ! ord9>y civilian temp] is n av]se to ! rigor\s regim5tation ( patriotic loyalty4 ,hegel#ce ?\ght t x 0 bo? "r & necess>y t ! /ate %\ld control public op9ion4 ,he consid]$ t ! p _h no op9ions ( v great wor?4 8444 ,! p1 9 s f> z ?is t]m signifies a special "p ( ! citiz5s1 does n "k :at x wills4 ,to "k :at we w1 & fur!r :at ! absolute w1 namely1 reason1 wills1 is ! fruit ( deep k & insight1 & is !re=e n ! prop]ty ( ! p40#cf ,public op9ion )\t ! guidance ( ! /ate 0 unorganiz$ & dang]\s4 8,! _m z individuals1 :om we are prone to call ! p1 are inde$ a collective :ole1 b m]ely z a multitude or =mless mass1 ^: movem5t & action w\ld be elem5tal1 void ( reason1 viol5t1 & t]rible40#cf ,!re=e x 0 necess>y = ! prop] s\rce ( au?ority to organize public op9ion4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 ?is "w ( organization & direction 0 to be ! task ( ! (ficials ( ! /ate4 8,! highe/ /ate (ficials h necess>ily deep] & m compreh5sive insight into ! work+s & ne$s ( ! /ate1 & also great] skill & wid] practical exp]i5ce40#cg ,!re are o!rs :o d n hold ,hegel's philosophical sy/em t yet agree ) him 9 uphold+ ! high sov]eignty & controll+ sup]vision ( ! /ate4 ,ecclesia/ical in/itutions (t5 s]ve z habituators ( nationali/ic _s4 ,! rise ( nationalism 9 ,spa9 af=ds an int]e/+ example1 = religi\s motives 7 at ! height ( _! /r5g? 9 ^? days4 ,f]d9& & ,isabella got control ( ! hi]>*ical religi\s organizations 9 _! dom9ions by tak+ f ! ,pope & to !mselves ! p[] to "n ! prelates ( ! ,ca?olic *ur* 9 ,spa94 ,! ,crusad+ ,ord]s _h great vogue 9 ! c\ntry1 & ,f]d9& got himself elect$ to ! (fice ( ,gr& ,ma/] 9 ! mo/ important ( !m4 ,^! measures accompli%$1 !y 7 made to tell by ! rul]s ( ,spa9 9 ! process ( fur!r+ _! dyna/ic & nationali/ic ambitions4 ,9 ,japan1 ,bu%ido1 a mixture ( ,confucian & ,%9to elem5ts1 is a _s ( patriotism :i* is at ! disposal ( ! /ate4 ,9 ,g]many1 ! pa/ors ( ! e/abli%$ *ur*es are /ate (ficials2 !y are /ate-appo9t$ & /ate-paid1 & !y reflect ! /ate's purposes4 ,9 all ,*ri/ian c\ntries1 includ+ our own1 ! *ur*es obs]ve ! national patriotic holidays bo? 9 "t ( w> & peace1 & 9 "t ( w> prea* patriotism f ! pulpits1 sometimes at ! solicitation ( ! /ate1 sometimes ( _! own volition4 ,! newspap]s are ( c>d9al importance z ag5cies ( ! inculcation ( patriotism4 ,x is natural t ! newspap]s %\ld be insurg5tly patriotic4 ,!y are dep5d5t ^u ! public = _! subsi/5ce4 ,& ! mass ( ! public is cons]vative4 ,consequ5tly1 ! newspap]s are z a rule cons]vative also4 ,n[ patriotism is a v5]able virtue easy = ! public to believe 91 & x is almo/ inevitable t j\rnalism %\ld play up t virtue4 ,x is also almo/ z inevitable t ! patriotism ( ! press %\ld be ( ! militant k9d4 ,to take t "* is simply to foll[ ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance4 ,public op9ion reacts ^u ! press & circumscribes its initiative4 ,& :5 a p becomes inflam$ aga9/ ano!r p1 ! newspap]s z a rule 7!re are1 ( c\rse1 "s t are indep5d5t 9 _! ?\ght & lead]%ip7 h to fall 9 l9e2 ! %eet t oppos$ ! tr5d ( public emotion w\ld h to pay = its folly4 ,! newspap]s1 moreov]1 on ! :ole repres5t ! g5tlemanly bus9ess class1 & w>s promise mo/ to ! int]e/s ( t class4 ,conflict is q apt to gr[ out ( economic rivalry1 :5ce x naturally foll[s t ^? :o are mo/ ne>ly conc]n$ 9 t rivalry 7& ! newspap]s are controll$ by su* z are ( t class7 w be mo/ int]e/$ 9 ! prosecution ( a w> :i* bids fair to enl>ge ! economic opportunities ( _! own c\ntry4 ,along ) ! newspap]s z habituators ( patriotism g also less ephem]al k9ds ( lit]ature4 8,! ,man ,)\t a ,c\ntry10#ch = in/ance1 has a def9ite patriotic purpose4 ,& patriotic orations1 songs1 & poetry h ! same purpose4 ,sometimes ^! compositions are n j+oi/ic1 b v (t5 !y are4 ,wordswor?'s poetry1 = in/ance1 is ( ! nonj+oi/ic "*2 x is /rongly m>k$ by love ( ! soil4 ,b ,wordswor? 0 ( unusually broad sympa?ies1 & 8 is n ! k9d ( poetry usually made use ( 9 tea*+ patriotism4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson has writt5 an essay 9 :i* he call$ att5tion to ! proclivity ( poets to write 9 a j+oi/ic /ra94#ci ,virgil1 himself a man ( broad sympa?ies1 wrote ! neid at ! reque/ ( ,augu/us1 ^: empire-build+ purposes ne$$ an epic aft] ! model ( ,hom] ab\t ! f\nd+ ( ,rome4 ,an important habituator ( patriotism 9 ! tra9+ ( ! "y is ! public s*ool sy/em4 ,! public s*ools are almo/ always us$ by ^? :o h !m 9 *>ge = ! ma9t5ance ( ! exi/+ ord]4 ,b ! 8exi/+ ord]0 q regul>ly means ! political "o1 & h5ce ! road is op5$ = ! tea*+ ( patriotism4 ,prussia seems to be an extreme case ( ! delib]ate use ( ! s*ools = pu%+ ! pet programs ( ! politically favor$ classes4 8,9 ,prussia ! av[$ use ( ! s*ools1 n = ! spread ( tru? b = ! #8,w> aga9/ social-democracy' may be 9 "p responsible = t abs5ce ( ,love betwe5 memb]s ( diff]5t classes1 t class-w> ( :i* ! gr[? ( social-democracy is only "o symptom40#dj ,prussia also exhibits a peculi>ly active br& ( patriotism4 ,x has be5 commonly assum$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates t education w make = democracy b x is n necess>ily s4 ,education1 in/ead ( be+ aim$ at free+ & develop+ ! m9d1 may be aim$ only at regim5tation 9 a c]ta9 sy/em ( ideas4 ,! fact ( ! bus9ess is t z a rule x is s aim$1 ev5 :]e !re is no su* cle> & p]si/5t purpose z !re is 9 ,prussia2 x is all too easy to fall into ! rut ( do+ ! same old ?+s 9 ! same old way4 ,x is simply easi] to inculcate ! same old ideas ?an x is to tea* ! ev]-v>y+ "y idea h[ to %oot4 ,& :at education turns out "u su* me?ods is n free & indep5d5t ?9k]s1 b a habituat$ uni=m product4 8,s*ool education1 unless x is regulat$ by ! be/ k & good s5se1 w produce m5 & wom5 :o are all ( "o patt]n1 z if turn$ 9 a la!4444 ,any in/itution :i* runs = ye>s 9 ! same h&s w produce a type4444 ,9 ! cont95tal s*ools & b>racks1 9 newspap]s1 books1 etc41 :at is develop$ by education is dyna/ic s5tim5t1 national s5tim5t1 soldi]ly s5tim5t40#da ,& s ! s*ools are us$ = ! ma9t5ance ( patriotism1--patriotism :i* only too (t5 is n>r[ & milit>i/ic4 ,an example ( ! bett] k9d ( purpose to tea* patriotism is t 9 view 9 ,bosanquet's lecture on ! subject4#db ,an example ( ! k9d :i* is likely n to be s temp]ate & well-consid]$ is t :i* gr[s out ( ! dem& = ! tea*+ ( patriotism :i* arises "u ! /imulus ( w>4 ,on ,may #ag1 #aiag1 !re appe>$ 9 a small-t[n newspap]#dc an article dat$ f ,new ,york ,city1 & :i* 0 evid5tly furni%$ by "s news association4 ,! headl9es 7 z foll[s3 8,college ,c\rse 9 ,patriotism4 ,*icago's ,mayor ,/>ts ,*air 9 ,l9coln ,univ]sity4 ,/ud5ts ,true ,am]icans40 ,! op5+ p>agraph ran ?us3 8,= ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican education a *air has be5 e/abli%$ = ! tea*+ ( ,am]ican ,patriotism4 ,inspir$ by ! "w be+ done by ! ,l9coln ,memorial ,univ]sity1 ,william ,hale ,?ompson1 ,mayor ( ,*icago1 w provide #be1jjj = ?is purpose40 ,a little fur!r on occurr$ ! s5t5ce1 8,plans h already be5 made = ! op5+ ( ! ,patriotism ,dep>tm5t40 ,^! plans may n h be5 actually c>ri$ out1 & if !y 71 may h obta9$ solid results1 b ! s\nd ( ! article 0 su* z w\ld lead "o to suspect t :at 0 accompli%$ w\ld r prove to be sup]ficial & s5sational4 ,?is :ole attempt has be5 cit$ "h n because x is an isolat$ incid5t1 b = ! reason t x is an illu/ration1 extreme ?\gh x may be1 ( a t5d5cy4 ,! public s*ools h textbooks = ! purpose ( tra9+ 9 patriotic loyalty1 books :i* tell ( ! duties ( citiz5s1 & are replete ) songs & poems to illu/rate ! po9ts br\ght out4#dd ,! s*ools ( our l& make x a "p ( _! *ief bus9ess to tea* loyalty to ! c\ntry4 ,= ?is bus9ess hi/ory is pla/ic mat]ial4 8,hi/ory1 9 e c\ntry1 is s taught z to magnify t c\ntry3 *ildr5 le>n to believe t _! own c\ntry has always be5 9 ! "r & almo/ always victori\s1 t x has produc$ almo/ all ! great m51 & t x is 9 all respects sup]ior to all o!r c\ntries4 ,s9ce ^! beliefs are flatt]+1 !y are easily absorb$1 & h>dly ev] dislodg$ f in/9ct by lat] k40#de ,! unpleasant facts are n br\ght out4 ,am]icans1 = example1 d n usually h x call$ to _! att5tion t 9 ! ,w> ( #ahab1 mo/ ( _! vessels 7 ti$ up 9 port at ! end ( ! w>1 _! national capital 0 captur$ by ! enemy1 !y won only "o important l& battle & t aft] ! w> 0 ov]1 & t _! repres5tatives 9 ! peace negotiations _h to surr5d] ! pr9ciple = :i* ! w> 0 f\ght4 ,! w> end$ because bo? sides 7 will+ to return to ! /atus quo ante4 ,! patriotic bias dom9ates ev5 ! hi/orian himself4 8,no hi/orian ev] gets out ( ! mores ( 8 own society ( orig94444 ,ev5 if he rises above ! limitations ( p>ty1 he does n get outside ! patriotic & e?ical horizon 9 :i* he has be5 educat$1 especially :5 he deals ) ! hi/ory ( o!r c\ntries & o!r times ?an 8 own4 ,ea* hi/orian reg>ds 8 own nation z ! tor*be>] ( civilization2 its mores give him 8 e?ical /&>ds by :i* he e/imates :atev] he le>ns ( o!r peoples4444 ,9 mod]n ,russian lit]ature may be f\nd passages ab\t ! #8,civiliz+ mission' ( ,russia :i* might be translat$1 mutatis mut&is1 f passages 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 or ,g]man lit]ature ab\t ! civiliz+ mission ( ,engl&1 ,france1 or ,g]many4 ,probably ! same is true ( ,turki%1 ,h9doo1 or ,*9ese lit]ature4 ,! patriotism ( ! hi/orian rules 8 judgm5t1 especially z to excuses & apologies = ?+s done 9 ! pa/1 & mo/ ( all z to ! edify+ omissions1--a v important "p ( ! task ( ! hi/orian4444 ,!re is a compulsion on ! hi/orian to act 9 ?is way1 = if he wrote o!rwise1 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 w\ld ignore 8 "w40#df ,! habituation ( patriotism f9ds 9 symbols an in/rum5t admirably suit$ to its purpose4 ,! m9d really reacts m /rongly to symbols ?an x does to ! facts ( s5se-exp]i5ce4 ,! pot5cy ( symbols does n suff] f ! admixture ( di/ractions by :i* direct s5se-exp]i5ce is accompani$4 ,symbols are m purely mean+1 & !y come ) ! mom5tum ( _! mean+4 ,n[ ! ^w 8c\ntry10 embody+ an ab/ract & fairly simple idea1 s]ves z a symbol & produces a pure emotion z 9 art4 ,o!r words & phrases c\ld be nam$ t are simil> 9 ! responses t !y elicit4 8,! ,monroe ,doctr9e0 is "o ( ! pet symbols ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 patriotic poetry & hymnology ! flag is featur$4 ,x is a symbol ( ! c\ntry4 ,*ildr5 are taught to s+ ab\t ! flag1 by means ( :i* a symbol is implant$ 9 _! m9ds1 ! love ( music is appeal$ to1 & patriotism is connect$ ) _! *ildhood s5tim5ts4 ,! appeal ( symbols comes home to "o :5 he /&s at ! divid+ l9e betwe5 two c\ntries1 at ,niag>a ,falls1 let u say1 & gazes ^u two flags1 "o ( !m 8 own & ! o!r n4 ,at ! pres5t "t ,great ,brita9 is our ally1 b ! emotion ^u behold+ ! ,briti% flag is no?+ z comp>$ ) ! feel+ ( affection exp]i5c$ ^u behold+ ! ,am]ican flag4 ,! ,briti% emblem1 ?\gh respect$1 is /range2 ! ,am]ican flag is "o's own4 ,sumn] discusses :at he calls ! tyranny ( ! app>atus ( sugge/ion1 t is1 symbols or tok5s1 & f him is wor? quot+ ! foll[+ p]t95t passage3 8,! tyranny is greate/ 9 reg>d to #8,am]ican' & #8,am]icanism4' ,:o d>e say t he is n #8,am]ican'8 ,:o d>e repudiate :at is decl>$ to be #8,am]icanism'8 ,x foll[s t if any?+ is base & bogus x is always label$ #8,am]ican4' ,if a ?+ is to be recomm5d$ :i* _c be ju/ifi$1 x is put "u #8,am]icanism4' ,:o does n %udd] at ! fe> ( be+ call$ #8unpatriotic'8 ,& to repudiate :at any "o *ooses to call #8,am]ican' is to be unpatriotic4 ,if !re is any docum5t ( ,am]icanism1 x is ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,^? :o h ,am]icanism especially 9 *>ge h repudiat$ ! doctr9e t #8gov]nm5ts d]ive _! j p[]s f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$1' because x /ood 9 ! way ( :at !y want$ to d4 ,!y d5\nce ^? :o cl+ to ! doctr9e z un-,am]ican4 ,!n we see :at ,am]icanism & patriotism are4 ,!y are ! duty laid ^u u all to applaud1 foll[1 & obey :atev] a rul+ clique ( newspap]s & politicians *ooses to say or wants to d4 #8,engl&' has always be51 among/ u1 a k9d ( c\nt] tok51 or tok5 ( ?+s to be resi/$ & repudiat$4 ,! #8symbols' or #8tok5s' always h ?is utility = sugge/ion4 ,!y c>ry a co]cion ) !m & ov]:elm p :o are n tra9$ to v]ify ass]tions & dissect fallacies40#dg ,:5 "o's att5tion is call$ to ^! ?+s1 x _c help b impose ^u him ! obligation ( exam9+ ! bases & nature ( 8 own patriotic en?usiasm4 ,! delib]ate habituation ( patriotism has a be>+ ^u ! problem ( peace4 ,k ( o!r peoples w n br+ h>mony & mutual goodwill unless x is sympa!tic k1 &1 if x is to be sympa!tic1 our m5tal prepossessions mu/ be %ap$ s z to op5 our m9ds to a j appreciation ( unwelcome facts & ways at v>iance ) our own4 ,& to accompli% ?is1 ! tea*+ ( patriotism w h to be direct$ t[>ds ! realiz+ ( ! dev\tly to be wi%$ consummation4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,spontane\s ,,habituation ,! spontane\s habituation ( patriotism has no consci\s & set purpose1 in/itution1 or program4 ,?is is ! habituation t makes itself felt f ! m]e fact t individuals 9 a society t5d m & m to become assimilat$ to "o ano!r4 ,g]many af=ds an extreme example ( ! delib]ate habituation 9 patriotism4 ,e ag5cy )9 ! empire1 includ+ /ate1 *ur*1 newspap]s1 s*ools1 & s on1 has be5 us$ t[>ds secur+ a uni=m result1 t ( nationali/ic passion4 ,b e c\ntry (f]s an example ( ! spontane\s habituation ( patriotism4 ,!re is no less ( nationali/ic loyalty among ! ,allies ?an !re is 9 ,g]many4 ,x is int]e/+ t ! two k9ds ( habituation h come into combat4 8,among ! numb] ( embattl$ pr9ciples & c\nt] pr9ciples :i* ?is w> has br\ght into ! field1 we mu/ include z n ! lea/ int]e/+ ! duel betwe5 consci\s national direction on ! "o side & unconsci\s national w & k on ! o!r40#dh ,9 ! spontane\s habituation ( patriotism we are deal+ ) a m subtle & p[]ful =ce ?an ! delib]ate habituation4 ,! =m] goes deep] ?an ! latt] into human life4 ,:at we try to tea* may n be le>n$1 b :at we are sets copy 9 ! copybook ( life4 8,! g5u9e beliefs1 ?\gh n usually ! pr(ess$ precepts1 ( p>5ts & tea*]s are almo/ unconsci\sly acquir$ by mo/ *ildr52 & ev5 if !y dep>t f ^! beliefs 9 lat] life1 some?+ ( !m rema9s deeply implant$1 ready to em]ge 9 a "t ( /ress or crisis40#di ,x is natural t ! citiz5s ( a c\ntry %\ld be ?us habituat$4 ,9 fact1 9 l>ge measure1 !y habituate !mselves4 ,! basis ( x is fir/ ( all t m5 are alike1 & are fac$ ) simil> problems4 ,! fact t m5 h l in/9cts1 in/9cts1 moreov]1 t h to adju/ !mselves to id5tical life conditions1 makes x easy to assimilate !m to "o ano!r & to ! gr\p4 ,sugge/ibility is "o ( ^! dispositions ( human nature4 ,mc,dougall def9es x z 8a process ( communication result+ 9 ! acceptance ) conviction ( ! communicat$ proposition 9 ! abs5ce ( logically adequate gr\nds = its acceptance40#ej ,sugge/ion1 ( c\rse1 is n omnipot5t4 ,!re is1 = "o ?+1 :at is kn[n z a contra-sugge/ion1 t is1 behavior 9 :i* p d j ! opposite to :at "o tries to p]suade !m to d4 ,e>ly 9 ! regime ( ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,hoov] z food adm9i/rator "o but*] report$ t 8 cu/om]s want$ meat m on meatless ?an on any o!r days4 ,& !re is always ! possibility t sugge/ion may be disreg>d$ altoge!r4 ,b human be+s are int]dep5d5t1 & are op5 to guidance ?r\gh sugge/ions f ! ideas & practices ( _! fell[s4 ,an individual _c ?9k ev]y?+ out = himself4 ,"s h>dly ev] d any s]i\s ?9k+ & ev5 ! m s]i\s take ! bulk ( _! ?\ghts1 at lea/ 9 o!r fields ?an _! own special "o1 ^u sugge/ion4 ,*oice is exhau/+4 ,x is h>d bus9ess ?9k+1 & we are likely to %irk ! irksom5ess ( x if we c4 8,ei!r to be exceptional or to appreciate ! exceptional requires a consid]able exp5diture ( en]gy1 & no "o c af=d ?is 9 _m directions40#ea ,! *ances are1 !n1 t except 9 su* cases z :]e = "s reason we are specially critical1 an idea sugge/$ w f9d lodgem5t 9 ! m9d & t5d to issue 9 action2 & ?is fact is trem5d\sly important 9 ! und]/&+ ( a social ph5om5on su* z patriotism4 ,x is r om9\s t today political ?\ght does n seem to be z active z x once 04 8,my own impression10 says ,graham ,wallas1 8=m$ aft] que/ion+ a good _m p 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,engl& is t1 9 our c\ntry1 ! quantity ( su* discussion s]i\s discussion on public que/ions :i* takes place 444 is dim9i%+40#eb ,! great cause ( ?is is ! mod]n indu/rial sy/em1 & x is likely t :at is true ( ,engl& is true also ( ,am]ica4 ,& if s]i\s discussion is dim9i%+ x means probably t m5 are do+ less s]i\s ?9k+ on political subjects1 & t !y are likely to become m sugge/ible ) reg>d to !m4 ,! application to ! subject ( patriotism is obvi\s4 ,imitation#ec is ano!r disposition ( human nature t is close to t ( sugge/ibility4 ,!re is contra-imitation z well z contra-sugge/ion1 & besides imitation !re is also inv5tion4 ,b x is a p[]ful social =ce4 ,= ! int]dep5d5ce ( man makes = imitation z well z sugge/ibility4 ,& society really owes a great deal to x4 ,an inv5tion 9 social liv+ _c hope to survive unless x is freely adopt$ by masses :o h no ?\ght ( /opp+ to reason out its utility4 ,& ! effect ( imitation is t x causes an imm5se impetus t[>ds uni=mity & solid>ity )9 ! gr\p4 8444 ,m5 & o!r animals imitate :at !y see o!rs1 especially !y ( _! own species1 d40#ed ,& imitation ( "o's own gr\p t5ds to assimilate him to x1 to habituate him 9 its ways1 & secure 8 loyalty to x & its ideals1 :i* is to say1 t imitation is a factor 9 ! mak+ ( patriotism4 ,! fact t sugge/ion & imitation ex]cise _! greate/ =ce )9 ! gr\p makes x p]t95t to recognize ! "p t ! gr\p plays 9 ! process ( habituation 9 patriotism4 ,! fact is t because ( ! individual's memb]%ip 9 a gr\p1 ! sugge/ions t come to him imp+e ^u 8 consci\sness ) a good deal ( =ce4 ,!y /rike him f all directions at almo/ ! same "t1 & h a multiple dynamic beh9d !m4 ,n[ ! nation is a gr\p4 ,! space-annihilat+ devices ( ! pres5t day 9 conjunction ) ! photographs & vivid descriptive report+ ( ! newspap]s h ext5d$ & int5sifi$ ! connections betwe5 ! individual & 8 national gr\p4 ,! cr[d = ! individual may n[ well be1 & 9 "t ( national crisis is1 ! p ( 8 c\ntry4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is especially true ( city populations1 a fact :i* mu/ h all[ance made = x 9 ! gaug+ ( public op9ion4 ,x is ! voice ( ! city-population t has too (t5 be5 tak5 z ! expression ( public op9ion4 8,! voice ( #8! p' is v (t5 n[adays only ! voice ( ! city cr[d1 fa9tly re-e*o$1 if e*o$ at all1 9 ! small] t[ns4 ,sometimes also ! noise is t ( a few editors ( newspap]s40#ee ,ano!r fact :i* ought to be not$ is t !re are pre/ige-gr\ps )9 society4 ,examples ( su* are an old-fa%ion$ ari/ocracy1 ! gov]n+ class1 & 9 a democracy1 ! majority4 ,su* gr\ps (t5 ex]cise compell+ co]cive p[]4 ,! co]civ5ess ( ! cr[d makes = national unity1 b x has unwelcome features4 ,x is too likely to lead to a high disreg>d ( ! rights ( ! noncon=mi/ & an unsympa!tic & uncompromis+ attitude t[>ds o!r nations4 ,!re are no inc5tives to broad-m9d$ ?\ght & sympa?y )9 a homog5e\s cr[d4 ,opposition is ! real matrix out ( :i* reason & tol]ance are extract$4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica _h a tol]ant _s /amp$ ^u x because ! mak]s ( our in/itutions 7 _m m5 ( _m m9ds4 ,! only way to d ju/ice to _! diff]5ces 0 by compromise4 ,close agreem5t confirms convictions1 b does n /imulate ! imag9ation4 8,:]e all ?9k alike1 no "o ?9ks v mu*4 ,b :atev] he does ?9k1 he c ?9k ) all 8 s\l40#ef ,)\t ! diff]5ces x is m ?an likely t ,am]ica w\ld n h be5 q s tol]ant4 ,x foll[s t ! nation1 because x has no critic to :i* x li/5s1 is likely to be h>d-m9d$1 fanatical1 & unyield+4 ,! atmosph]e 9 :i* ! individual lives & moves & has 8 be+ is t ( 8 p's cu/oms or mores4 ,^! are intellectualiz$ folkways4 ,folkways are ! gr\p's ways ( deal+ ) its environm5t4 ,mores are ! folkways plus ! convictions z to _! relation to welf>e4 ,sumn] def9es !m z foll[s3 8,! mores are ! folkways1 includ+ ! philosophical & e?ical g5]alizations z to societal welf>e :i* are sugge/$ by !m1 & inh]5t 9 !m1 z !y gr[40#eg ,tradition1 :i* is cr[d-memory1 p]petuates ! mores1 & !y become ! life milieu ( ! individuals ( ea* g5]ation4 ,a l>ge "p ( "o's education1 especially 8 moral education1 is ga9$ f ! traditions & mores ( 8 p4 ,& _! tea*+s are all ! m au?oritative because "o is almo/ :olly unconsci\s ( le>n+ f !m4 8,we le>n ! mores z unconsci\sly z we le>n to walk & eat & brea!4 ,! masses nev] le>n h[ we walk1 & eat1 & brea!1 & !y nev] "k any reason :y ! mores are :at !y are4 ,! ju/ification ( !m is t :5 we wake to consci\sness ( life we f9d !m facts :i* already hold u 9 ! bonds ( tradition1 cu/om1 & habit4444 ,! mo/ important fact ab\t ! mores is _! dom9ion ov] ! individual4 ,aris+ he kn[s n :5ce or h[1 !y meet 8 op5+ m9d 9 e>lie/ *ildhood1 give him 8 outfit ( ideas1 fai?s1 & ta/es1 & lead him into prescrib$ m5tal processes4 ,!y br+ to him codes ( action1 /&>ds1 & rules ( e?ics40#eh ,! mores h a be>+ ^u patriotism 9 v>i\s ways4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y are tea*]s ( loyalty4 ,!y tea* loyalty to ! gr\p & to c\ntry4 ,patriotism has become imb$d$ 9 ! mores1 & :5 "o le>ns f !m1 he becomes indoctr9at$ ) patriotism4 ,! concept ( patriotism has a long hi/ory1 & has become a v5]able ideal4 ,x is n possible t ! masses %\ld escape hav+ x taught !m4 ,! ,japanese provide an example ( a race t p> excell5ce %[s ! effects ( c5turies ( tra9+ 9 nationali/ic loyalty2 x has giv5 to !m a m>vell\s solid>ity4 8,9 ! w> ) ,russia1 9 #aijd1 ?is p %[$ :at a gr\p is capable ( :5 x has a /rong e?os4 ,!y und]/& ea* o!r2 !y act z "o man2 !y are capable ( discipl9e to ! dea?4 ,our we/]n tacticians h _h rules = ! p]c5tage ( loss :i* troops w\ld endure1 /&+ "u fire1 be=e break+ & runn+4 ,! rule fail$ = ! ,japanese4 ,!y /ood to ! la/ man4 ,_! pr[ess at ,port ,ar?ur aga9/ ! /ronge/ =tifications1 & on ! battlefields ( ,man*uria1 surpass$ all record4 ,!y %[$ :at c be done 9 ! way ( conceal+ milit>y & naval movem5ts :5 e s\l 9 ! population is 9 a volunt>y conspiracy n to reveal any?+4 ,^! traits belong to a p :i* has be5 tra9$ by g5]ations ( inv>iable mores40#ei ,"o ( ! mo/ ?or\ghly gr\nd$ ideals ( ! ,japanese mores is t ( patriotism4 ,9 view ( ! function ( ! mores z tea*]s ( loyalty1 x becomes necess>y to recognize t peace is n go+ to be easily provid$ = by facile ext]nal arrangem5ts or ev5 by ! use ( in=mation1 p]suasion1 & reason4 ,if patriotic loyalty is 9 su* l>ge "p a matt] ( habituation1 !n a *ange 9 x w h to be some?+ ( a matt] ( habituation too4 ,! mores are ! objects ( loyalty4 ,"o gets into ! way ( say+1 8,^! ways are my ways & ,i am go+ to /ick by !m4 ,!y are m9e2 ,i am go+ to pres]ve & fo/] !m1 & no "o %all take !m f me40 ,loyalty to ! mores =ms national "*4 ,x is tradition :i* =ms a nation ( ,briti%1 ,saxon1 & ,norman /ra9s4 ,tradition unites ,walloon & ,flem+ 9 ,belgium1 ,breton & ,g5s du ,midi 9 ,france4#fj ,! lik5esses ( a p owe no m to ! fact ( race ?an to t ( ! mores4 ,& s ! mores become :at ! patriot is consci\s ( be+ loyal to4 ,8 patriotism is n s mu* love ( c\ntry z love ( ! mores4 ,! mores = su* a _s ( loyalty are ! c\ntry4 ,:5 x s+s1 its song %\ld be1 8,my mores1 'tis ( !e1 ( !e ,i s+40 ,:at x claims = itself is ! "r to be true to ! traditions ( its own p4 ,:5 ask$ to ju/ify its allegiance1 x 9 turn asks ! "q3 8,& :o are !y :o be/ may claim our tru/8 ,surely our own p1 ( ^: blood we are2 ,:o f our infancy h prov$ _! love1 ,& nev] h deceiv$ u1 save1 p]*ance1 ,:5 k9dly guile 0 :olesom] = u ,?an tru? itself40#fa ,! loyalty to national cu/oms /iff5s patriotism1 & because ( t is1 f ! /&po9t ( ! patriot1 highly desirable1 b ! problem t x sets is t ( prev5t+ x f be+ satisfi$ to rema9 a m]e unreason+ sup]/ition4 ,! mores get embodi$ 9 "*1 & come to be a v]itable _s ( loyalty4 ,!y gr[ out ( ! life ( ! p1 & return to t life4 ,!y become actually con/itu5t 9 p]sonality4 ,! mores become a "p ( ourselves2 we n only ?9k ( !m1 we ?9k ) !m4 ,!y are s natural t we d n notice !m4 8,! m ?or\ghly ,am]ican a man is1 ! less he c p]ceive ,am]icanism4 ,he w embody x2 all he does1 says1 or writes w be full ( x2 b he c nev] truly see x1 simply because he has no ext]ior po9t ( view f :i* to look at x40#fb ,"u su* conditions1 h[ c\ld "o help be+ patriotic8 ,x is n some?+ t he /rives aft]2 x is to be :at he _c help be+4 ,he is patriotic simply because he is himself4 ,"s conclusions f ! /udy ( ! habits ( patriotism may n[ be drawn4 ,! complexity ( patriotism has fur!r manife/$ itself4 ,& x is evid5t t ! habits ( patriotism1 l ! impulses1 may be ei!r good or bad1 or s f> z ! motive ( ! individual is conc]n$1 e?ically colorless4 ,! patriotism ( habituation is natural1 l brea?+4 ,! habituat$ patriot w g ) ! gr\p1 & gr\ps l individuals sometimes fall into bad habits4 ,b gr\ps also acquire good habits1 & w 9 ^? matt]s be wor? s]v+4 ,habituation & con=mity 9 su* a case w be valuable4 ,_! weak5+ w\ld (t5 be really disa/r\s4 8,!re are cases 9 :i* ! discr$it+ ( tradition is l pick+ out ! mort> t holds toge!r ! fabric ( society40#fc ,!re are times :5 ! discr$it+ ( patriotism w\ld mean ! de/ruction ( ! nation4 ,! great objection to ! patriotism ( habituation is t x _c criticize itself4 ,! lack ( criticism w1 ( c\rse1 make = ov]:elm+ /r5g?4 ,9 comm5t+ ^u ! patriotism ( ! pres5t "t1 ,russell has writt5 z foll[s3 8,?is in/9ct patriotism1 j because1 9 its int5se =m1 x 0 new & unfamili>1 _h rema9$ un9fect$ by ?\ght1 n p>alyz$ or devitaliz$ by d\bt & cold deta*m5t40#fd ,b x is j an accid5t if su* patriotism is good4 ,x may easily be ! patriotism ( ! man :o takes ! /&1 8,my c\ntry1 "r or wrong10 a position :i*1 :ile !re is some?+ to be said = x on ! gr\nd t c\ntries are fundam5tal in/itutions :i* mu/ n be lightly ab&on$ to de/ruction1 is h>dly "o to be /riv5 = z an e?ical ideal4 ,! road to goodness is n by *ance1 b by intellig5t self-direction4 ,& ! goodness ( patriotism re/s ^u ! use ( intellig5ce4 ,patriotism c\ld n z matt]s n[ /& be done away ) by criticism1 b its nature c\ld be mold$4 ,we c\ld habituate ourselves to admire & s]ve 9 our life :at really 0 to be admir$ & s]v$4 ,b ! process ( habituation1 :ile x produces a p[]ful _s ( gr\p loyalty1 c h>dly give a full acc\nt ( ! rise ( a consci\s ideal l patriotism4 ,! "q w\ld rema91 8,:y ! habituation1 & :y s mu* insi/5ce ^u x80 ,! process implies a reason = its exi/5ce4 ,& reasons become effective ?r\gh ! action ( an intellig5t ag5t4 ,! objection to a !ory l t ( ,sumn] is t by x social activity is look$ at too exclusively on ! outside :5 x ought also to be look$ at on ! inside4 ,! !ory does n d ju/ice to ! initiative ( ! m9d4 ,! mores = ! mo/ "p seem almo/ to be active entities1 :i*1 />t+ f environm5tal conditions1 develop !mselves4 ,m9ds are held 9 _! grip4 ,b mores are products ( human activity & reflection1 & if "o w\ld und]/& !m1 he mu/ und]/& ! m9d1 ) n only its impulses1 b also its ways ( ?\ght4 ,sumn]'s own "w %[s t he believes 9 some?+ beyond ! mores1 & t he has an ideal ( act+ above !m4 ,8 confid5ce is plac$ 9 ?\ght4 ,he believes t he at lea/ c reflect ^u ! gr\p ways1 & t a sci5ce1 or p]haps ev5 a philosophy1 ( ! mores c be e/abli%$4 ,! foll[+ are 8 own words3 8,s9ce x appe>s t ! old mores are mis*iev\s if !y la/ beyond ! duration ( ! conditions & ne$s to :i* !y are adapt$1 & t con/ant1 gradual1 smoo?1 & easy readju/m5t is ! c\rse ( ?+s :i* is conducive to heal?ful life1 x foll[s t free & rational criticism ( traditional mores is ess5tial to societal welf>e40#fe ,human be+s are mov$ n only by in/9cts & habits1 b also by reasons4 ,& x is ) ! reason$ beliefs ( patriotism t ! foll[+ "p w deal4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,beliefs ,,( ,,patriotism ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,z ,,protector ,,( ,,self ,patriotism has reasons ^u :i* x re/s2 x is n a m]e in/9ctive reaction1 nor yet simply a habit4#ff ,?\ght exi/s1 & m5 ?9k4 ,graham ,wallas says t !re is an impulse to ?9k4 8,?is indep5d5t action ( ,intellig5ce is1 ,i believe1 9 its simple/ =ms z #8natural' to u1 z mu* due to inh]it$ disposition1 z is ! work+ ( anyone ( ! usual li/ ( in/9cts40#fg ,!re is a rationale ( patriotism4 ,patriotism may be unreason$1 b is n = t necess>ily unreasonable4 ,x may co9cide ) ! passions ( ! masses1 b may nev]!less re/ on logical gr\nds1 & on ideals4 ,x may be ! object ( consci\s *oice4 ,! treatm5t ( ! immigrant %[s t we h a belief t patriotism c be *os5 by ! individual4 ,we insi/ on ! loyalty ( ! ,g]man-,am]ican1 :i* be+ int]pret$ means t we are dem&+ loyalty to a c\ntry ( *oice r ?an to ! c\ntry ( bir?4 ,& = ^? born ,am]icans1 we adopt ! injunction ( ,t5nyson1 8,love ?\ ?y l&1 ) love f>-br\ght ,f out ! /ori$ ,pa/1 & us$ ,)9 ! ,pres5t1 b transfus$ ,?ro' future "t by p[] ( ?\ght40#fh ,! fact t m5 d ?9k & h ideals is "o ( ! v reasons :y patriotism is n[ s /rong4 ,:at are ! reasons urg$ :y "o %\ld be patriotic8 ,"o belief is t "o owes 8 e>?ly salvation to 8 c\ntry4 ,x is a belief t expresses on ! level ( consci\sness ! impulse to seek safety & help4 ,m5 believe t ! c\ntry is ! protector 9 ?is pres5t _w ( all ! values ( life4 ,x is ! feel+ t ,sp5c] express$ :5 he apo/rophiz$ ! /ate 9 ! foll[+ language3 8,i suppos$ y 7 to act ! "p ( an ,argus-ey$ & ,bri>eus-arm$ gu>dian1 ev] wat*+ ov] my int]e/s1 ev] ready to /ep 9 & def5d !m2 s t :e!r sleep+ or wak+1 absorb$ 9 bus9ess or imm]s$ 9 pleasure1 ,i might h ! gratify+ consci\sness ( be+ c>efully %ield$ f injury40#fi ,web/] appeal$ to ! same feel+ 9 8 reply to ,hayne3 8,x is to t ,union we owe our safety at home1 & our consid]ation & dignity abroad4444 ,x has be5 to u all a copi\s f\nta9 ( national1 social1 p]sonal happ9ess40#gj ,& ! patriot feels t = ! protection t he has receiv$ he mu/ %[ 8 gratitude4 ,9 return = ! bless+s ( ! c\ntry1 he w (f] up ! sacrifice ( patriotism4 ,if "o asks ! pla9 man :y he is patriotic1 :y he ?9ks1 = in/ance1 t he ought to enli/1 ! answ] t is (t5 made is t1 8,! c\ntry has done a lot = me1 & n[ %e ne$s me4 ,i am go+ to d :at ,i c = my c\ntry40 ,! c\ntry af=ds protection )9 ! gr\p t x organizes4 ,& = ?is reason1 ! citiz5s w support ! /ate4 ,!y feel t gov]nm5t is a good ?+2 x gu>antees ju/ice & fair play4 ,& patriotism ) !m w gr[ out ( t feel+4 ,x w1 ( c\rse1 be a give & take affair4 ,x w n be selfless1 altrui/ic devotion4 ,patriotism ( ?is k9d dem&s t ju/ice be consi/5tly disp5s$4 ,mo/ m5 w n long s]ve a /ate t treats !m unfairly4 ,no patriotism w survive flagrant & cont9u$ inju/ice4 ,&1 9 tru?1 :y %\ld x8 ,gre5 /ates ! answ]3 8,if ! au?ority ( any gov]nm5t--its claim on our ob$i5ce--is held to be d]iv$ n f an orig9al cov5ant1 or f any cov5ant1 b f ! function :i* x s]ves 9 ma9ta9+ ^? conditions ( fre$om :i* are conditions ( ! moral life1 !n no act ( ! p 9 revocation ( a prior act ne$ be reckon$ necess>y to ju/ify its dissolution4 ,if x ceases to s]ve ?is function1 x loses its claim on our ob$i5ce40#ga ,a c\ntry is a peace unit4 ,& m5 w welcome x z su*1 = !re is 9 m5 an impulse to peace4 ,! /ate 9 mod]n times arose 9 "p z a keep] ( ! peace4 ,! *ur* 0 once ! p[] t polic$ ,europe1 & :5 t 0 s1 m5 gave ! *ur* _! supreme allegiance4 ,b ! "t came :5 ! fe> ( ,god 0 no long] a suffici5t p[] to keep m5 9 ord]1 s x became necess>y = "s o!r ag5cy ?an ! *ur* to take up ! task4 ,semi-(ficial bodies arose ^: bus9ess x 0 to pres]ve peace1 b !y pass$ away4 ,!re 0 !n no p[] to keep ! lawless =ces 9 *eck4 ,! nobles ( feudalism f\ght ) "o ano!r1 & 7 petty & irresponsible tyrants ov] _! p4 ,_! regime became unbe>able4 ,consequ5tly ! p unit$ ) ! k+s1 & a c5tral p[] 0 e/abli%$ t /opp$ ! w>s ( ! nobles & cities1 & gave peace4 ,! /ate )9 its b\nd>ies is ! pres]v] ( law & ord]4 ,& ! dis*>ge ( t function recomm5ds ! /ate to its citiz5s4 ,hobbes#gb exalt$ ! /ate because ( 8 desire = ord]4 ,! ,engl& ( 8 day 0 torn by civil w>4 ,ev5 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill#gc express$ "s sympa?y ) speculative ,toryism1 z = in/ance x appe>$ 9 ,wordswor?1 because :at x meant 9 su* a case1 ,mill said1 0 ! proposition t man ought to be gov]n$4 ,patriotic eloqu5ce takes acc\nt ( ! b5efit t ! /ate af=ds z ! pres]v] ( ! peace4 ,josiah ,qu9cy1 ,jr41 call$ = patriotic loyalty to c\ntry on ! gr\nd t 9 x 8,ea* individual1 ( :atev] condition1 has ! consci\sness ( liv+ "u kn[n laws1 :i* secure equal rights1 & gu>antee to ea* :atev] portion ( ! goods ( life1 be x great or small1 *ance or tal5t or indu/ry may h be/[$40#gd ,! civiliz$ life itself at pres5t dep5ds ^u ! /ate4 ,! ^w civilization is d]iv$ f a /em mean+ 8/ate40 ,civilization is t :i* is possible to m5 9 /ates1 t is1 :]e peace1 law1 & ord] prevail4 ,! /ate has be5 a trem5d\s ga9 because x has be5 a l>g] integration ( m51 a l>g] unit ( cop]ation4 ,j t is its prim>y function1--to make x possible = m5 to live toge!r4 ,& )\t ! ex]cise ( t function by ! /ate1 we %\ld be likely to be plung$ back aga9 into ! *aos ( petty w>r+ factions4 ,n[ patriotism gets connect$ ) ?is desire t gov]nm5t be pres]v$4 ,! patriot is v apt to feel t if 8 c\ntry %\ld be de/roy$1 x w\ld be a bl[ at ! v f\ndations ( all gov]nm5t & safety4 ,he connects civilization ) 8 own /ate1 & feels t1 8444 !y :o assail ! idea1 ! ideal1 ( ! c\ntry itself1 assail all civiliz$ life &1 s f> =?1 are suicides z well z traitors40#ge ,b ! /ate does n /op ) ! b>e ma9t5ance ( law & ord]4 ,x does o!r ?+s :i* are believ$ to be = ! g5]al welf>e4 ,x looks out = education1 transportation1 sanitation1 ! c>e ( ! infirm1 & s =?2 x works = bett] social1 indu/rial1 & class conditions4 ,! /ate1 9 o!r words1 is felt to h a "r to d all ^? ?+s :i* w promote ! welf>e ( mank9d4 ,mill said1 8444 x is n admissible t ! protection ( p]sons & t ( prop]ty are ! sole purposes ( gov]nm5t4 ,! ends ( gov]nm5t are z compreh5sive z ^? ( ! social union40#gf ,& ,ari/otle#gg intimat$ t ! /ate %\ld n only make b>e exi/5ce possible1 b %\ld promote ! good life4 ,! result has be5 t m5 h tak5 an attitude t[>d ! /ate v mu* l ! attitude t !y h tak5 t[>d ,god4 ,to _m p ! /ate has become ,god4 ,!y feel t all ! values ( life dep5d ^u x1 z ,plato#gh felt t all ! values ( life dep5d$ ^u ! /ate t he describ$4 ,t does n mean t !y g directly to ! /ate = ev]y?+ t !y want2 !y d n d t ) ,god4 ,!y simply expect ! /ate someh[ to gu>antee ^! values1 & to supply !m only z a la/ resort4 ,b !y w g to x = ev]y?+ t !y want & :i* !y c secure 9 no o!r way4 ,9 ! foll[+ quotation1 ! /ate is describ$ 9 t]ms t might almo/ ref] to ,provid5ce3 8,no ,am]ican boy or girl 444 liv$ a day1 ev51 at ! beg9n+ ( 8 life1 :5 he 0 n protect$ by ! law ( ! ,unit$-,/ates4 ,f t mom5t ! ,unit$-,/ates wat*$ ov] him 9 ways p]haps :i* he nev] ?\ght (4 ,p]haps ! s*ool 9 :i* ^! words are read w\ld n h exi/$ except = ! ,unit$-,/ates laws ) reg>d to education4 ,v likely ! bread & butt] :i* ! boy _h = breakfa/ c\ld nev] h exi/$ b t ! c\ntry call$ ! ,unit$-,/ates _h made laws & c>ri$ on gov]nm5t 9 su* ways t ! gra9 c\ld be rais$1 t ! cattle c\ld be f$1 & ! butt] made4 ,x is 9 a ?\s& su* ways z ?is t ! c\ntry 9 :i* we live takes c>e ( u 9 e h\r ( our lives4444 ,! tie :i* b9ds y & me to ! c\ntry :i* takes c>e ( u is a tie z real & x involves duties z di/9ct z ! ties :i* b9d a boy to 8 "m to :om he owes 8 life & :o has always tak5 c>e ( him40#gi ,:at happ5s :5 a c\ntry t[>ds :i* m5 h felt 9 ?is way1 calls = ! allegiance ( its citiz5s8 ,_! loyalty w be accord$ x 9 ! same measure z ! complet5ess ) :i* !y h tru/$ to x4 ,! /ate is ! only in/itution 9 a giv5 area t embodies ! g5]al w1 & consequ5tly x f$]ates ! l>ge/ numb] ( loyalties among ! p :o live !re4 ,a class organization c\ld n f$]ate s _m loyalties4 ,x c\ld n be done1 = in/ance1 by syndicali/ic organizations4#hj ,if a man 7 a memb] ( all su* organizations t he 0 eligible to1 8 :ole life w\ld /ill lack unity4 ,!re mu/1 !n1 be some?+ t w unify ! life ( ! individual1 & unify ! :ole ( society4 ,! fact ( ! matt] is t ! /ate at ! pres5t "t is1 & 9 ! pr$ictable future is likely to be1 ! factor :i* does ?is4 ,& x is !re=e likely also to cont9ue to draw ! supreme loyalty ( m54 ,"o k9d ( patriotism is1 !n1 bas$ ^u ! belief t ! c\ntry is ! pres]v] ( law & ord]4 ,if necess>y1 ! patriot w place himself at ! s]vice ( ! /ate 9 ord] to help x dis*>ge its function z a police p[]4 ,& he feels x to be necess>y also to %[ 8 patriotism 9 8 own ob$i5ce to ! laws4 ,9 ! ,crito1#ha ,socrates1 :o _h %[n 8 patriotism ^u ! battlefield1 %[$ x aga9 by submitt+ himself to ! laws ( t c\ntry :i* by its in/itutions _h n\ri%$ & protect$ him4 ,bosanquet cites ?is action ( ,socrates1 & himself adds ! comm5t3 8,t is "o ?+2 true patriotism is ! law-abid+ _s40#hb ,! /ate also acts z a protector aga9/ aggressions f )\t1 & on ?is acc\nt m5 cl+ to x4 ,! patriot fe>s o!r nations2 he believes t !y are actuat$ by s9i/] designs4 ,! foe 9 patriotic songs & poetry is always #8haughty' & #8wick$4' ,he believes also t if ! opportunity is pres5t$1 !y w "w ^? s9i/] designs aga9/ 8 c\ntry4 ,nor is ! fe> altoge!r gr\ndless4 ,to say ! lea/1 mo/ gov]nm5ts _c be tru/$ to look aft] ! int]e/s ( _! competitors z well z !y look aft] _! own1 & ! way 9 :i* ! _w is at pres5t organiz$ makes x seem necess>y = ea* nation to look out = itself4 ,ev5 ,russell says t 8! fe> by :i* ! ,/ate is /r5g!n$ is reasonable "u pres5t circum/ances40#hc ,!n :y %\ld n ! /ate protect its own int]e/s & ! int]e/s ( its citiz5s8 ,! citiz5 himself w n admit t ! /ate's protection %\ld simply be limit$ to ! prev5tion ( ! h>m t 8 fell[-citiz5s might d4 ,he w say3 8,:5 we agre$ t x 0 ! ess5tial function ( ! /ate to protect--to adm9i/] ! law ( equal fre$om--to ma9ta9 m5's rights--we virtually assign$ to x ! duty1 n only ( %ield+ ea* citiz5 f ! trespasses ( 8 neighb\rs1 b ( def5d+ him1 9 common ) ! community at l>ge1 aga9/ =eign aggression40#hd ,! ef=ts to provide protection has inde$ prov$ to be too big a job = ev5 ! /ate1 act+ alone1 & has l$ to alliances betwe5 /ates4 ,su* alliance is deem$ ess5tial4 ,diplomatic isolation c\ld n n[ be tol]at$ by sc>cely any gov]nm5t or population b ! mo/ primitive4 ,p]haps 9 ?is v direction lies a way to _w int]nationalism4 ,b ! protection is /ill /ate protection2 ! alliances !mselves are ! results ( ! activities ( /ates4 ,! fe> ( o!r /ates sometimes gets express$ z ! belief t exi/5ce itself1 bo? national & p]sonal1 is ?reat5$4 ,loisy gives v5t to ?is belief3 8,are we !n "r to be patriotic1 ev5 at ! risk ( be+ less or n at all ,*ri/ian8 ,d\btless2 because our only *ance ( liv+ is b\nd up ) our patriotism40#he ,:at he seems to fe> is ,fr5* ext]m9ation4 ,b m (t5 ! patriot believes t by 8 loyalty1 8 own & 8 c\ntry's fre$om are pres]v$4 ,patriotism is a dem& = fre$om4 ,zimm]man a long "t ago po9t$ out t ne>ly e p glories 9 its real or suppos$ fre$om4 8,n a few nations10 he says1 8are se5 resembl+ ! primitive ,greeks1 9 ov]valu+ !mselves on _! real lib]ty2 & o!rs1 l ! deg5]ate ,greeks1 prid+ !mselves only on ! %ad[ ( an antiquat$ lib]ty40#hf ,! ,unit$ ,/ates came into exi/5ce only aft] a sev]e fight = lib]ty1 & consequ5tly ,am]ican patriotism has _h ! ideal ( fre$om deeply impress$ ^u x4 ,! words ( ,patrick ,h5ry come ! ne>e/ to be+ classical4 8,is life s de>1 or peace s sweet1 z to be pur*as$ at ! price ( *a9s & slav]y8 ,=bid x1 ,almighty ,god6 ,i "k n :at c\rse o!rs may take2 b z = me1 give me lib]ty or give me dea?60#hg ,! ,con/itution enum]ates lib]ty next to ! possession ( life among ! inali5able rights ( m54 ,l9coln express$ x aga9 9 8 ,gettysburg address4 8444 ,we "h highly resolve t ^! dead %all n h di$ 9 va92 t ?is nation1 "u ,god1 %all h a new bir? ( fre$om1 & t gov]nm5t ( ! p1 by ! p1 & = ! p1 %all n p]i% f ! e>?40#hh ,! notes ( fre$om & self-rule ( ! p are ! dom9ant ones 9 ! passage ) :i* ,l9coln clos$ ! spee*4 ,x has be5 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o has mo/ cle>ly & consi/5tly def9$ ! aim ( ! ,allies 9 ?is pres5t w> z t ( mak+ ! _w safe = democracy1 i4 e41 = fre$om4 ,b ! c\ntries :i* are call$ autocratic also insi/ t !y are fight+ = fre$om1 & !y are proclaim+ to _! peoples t !y are fight+ on ! def5sive1 & 9 ! cause ( lib]ty4 ,! ideal ( fre$om is de> to all4 ,along ) ! dem& = fre$om goes ! insi/5ce t ^? ?+s :i* are ( great value to "o %all be held sacr$4 ,! def5se ( homes is a cause t ar\ses mascul9e patriotism4 ,!re is an old say+ f\nd 9 ,bacon t 8,love ( 8 c\ntry beg9s 9 a man's own h\se40#hi ,! patriot w sacrifice = 8 home2 & he w die t 8 po/]ity may enjoy ! privileges ( a free c\ntry4 ,! pursuit ( happ9ess is ano!r ( ! privileges t m5 deem inali5able4 ,& ! pursuit ( happ9ess 9 gr[n-ups seems to be mo/ly ! pursuit ( trade4 ,consequ5tly !y w prize :at protects1 & hate :at ?reat5s bus9ess4 ,"o hates ! invad] ( 8 c\ntry because he does n want ! means ( 8 livelihood to pass "u ! control ( an unsympa!tic p[]4 ,! l& is ! =m ( weal? t is inevitably seiz$ by ! invad]4 ,& patriotism1 because ( ?is1 ga9s ano!r connection ) ! soil4 8444 ,patriotism envelops ! real e/ate because ! real e/ate n\ri%es ! lives & c>e]s ( ! patriots4444 ,! emotions ( loyalty & value congregate ab\t ! #8vital int]e/s' ( our lives40#ij ,! lay+ on ( burd5s ( taxation too griev\s to be borne is an unw>rantable int]f]5ce ) ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,& s patriotism (t5 />ts ov] taxes4 ,x 0 s 9 ! =mation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! foll[+ extract f a spee* by ,samuel ,adams to ! newly elect$ repres5tatives to ! ,massa*usetts colonial legislature f ,bo/on1 w %[ :at ! drift !n 03 8444 ,z y repres5t a t[n :i* lives by its trade10 he said1 8we expect 9 a v p>ticul> mann]1 ?\gh y make x ! object ( y\r att5tion to support our comm]ce 9 all its j rights1 to v9dicate x f all unreasonable impositions & promote its prosp]ity40#ia ,! trad] looks to 8 gov]nm5t = protection1 & :5 he receives x1 he has a p>ticul> reason = desir+ ! cont9u$ good heal? ( 8 c\ntry4 ,! same holds true ( work+m54 ,john ,dewey says3 8444 ,! simple fact ( ! case is t at pres5t work+m5 h m to ga9 f _! own national /ate 9 ! way ( legislative & adm9i/rative concessions ?an !y h f "s o!r /ate1 or f any int]national organization40#ib ,& z long z ?is is true1 tradesm51 labor]s1 & all o!rs :o h any?+ to ga9 by x w be patriots1 & viol5t patriots4 ,:at k9d ( patriotism is x t re/s ^u ! belief 9 "o's c\ntry z ! protector ( self8 ,is x patriotism at all8 ,x is n t dis9t]e/$ love ( c\ntry t ! common man has be5 =mally taught to reg>d z patriotism4 ,b x is loyalty to c\ntry1 & :atev] answ]s to t description mu/ be patriotism4 ,x no d\bt makes ! /ate a k9d ( bus9ess affair4 ,! prim>y motive is t ( prud5ce4 ,a man def5ds 8 c\ntry because he ne$s x4 ,b "s m5 s]ve ,god 9 t way1 & we call x religion4 ,& s ?is pr(it-&-loss atta*m5t to c\ntry may come "u ! t]m patriotism4 ,"o reason1 !re=e1 = patriotism is t ! c\ntry is ne$ful = ! protection ( life's values4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! atta*m5t to c\ntry is n patriotism1 if ! c\ntry is look$ at m]ely z means4 ,patriotism views ! c\ntry someh[ z end4 ,if ! real & only motive :i* is gett+ express$ is t ( self-int]e/1 any %[ ( patriotism is aft] all m]e cam\flage4 ,! po9t is t m5 w actually come to feel real gratitude & love = ! c\ntry :i* has protect$ !m4 ,x is a psy*ological fact t affection atta*es itself to :at has be5 useful4 ,9 ?is way & = ?is reason1 affection atta*es itself to c\ntry1 & becomes patriotism4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,on5ess ,,( ,,c\ntry ,,& ,,self ,! patriot id5tifies himself ) 8 c\ntry4 ,he believes t he & 8 c\ntry are "o4 ,?is belief is ! com+ to consci\sness ( ! impulse to cl+ to "o's own4 ,& ?is conviction becomes ano!r reason = patriotism4 ,patriotic loyalty ( ?is k9d is n a bus9ess affair4 ,x w n ab&on ! c\ntry ev5 if ! latt] %\ld prove unsuccessful 9 provid+ protection1 b w rema9 /eadfa/ ?r\gh all ! c\ntry's vicissitudes4 ,"o's c\ntry may fail to protect him1 b if x is /ill a recognizable expression ( himself1 he w love x4 ,! gov]nm5t or /ate may be faulty1 & yet ! patriot w /ill be true4 ,vebl5 intimates t "o might j z well h =eign (ficials z home-gr[n capitali/s adm9i/] "o's affairs ( gov]nm5t4#ic ,b ! patriot is n likely to be p]suad$ to ?9k ,vebl5's way1 & ! reason is t ! home-gr[n capitali/s someh[ seem clos] ?an ! =eign (ficials4 ,x is q true t !re are ^? :o refuse to be patriotic because _! c\ntry does n give !m :at !y believe to be ju/ice4 ,an>*i/s are n patriotic4 ,sociali/s sometimes are n patriotic4 ,"s among ! labor+ classes h come to we> _! patriotic allegiance b lightly4 ,b ! issue = !m has ceas$ to be m]ely t ( gett+ ju/ice4 ,x has come to ! po9t :]e ! inju/ice ( ! indu/rial situation has gone s f> t ! dissatisfi$ classes d n ev5 recognize !mselves 9 ! /ate t is suppos$ to repres5t !m4 ,& :5 t feel+ ( /rang5ess creeps into a man's he>t1 he is no long] likely to be a patriot4 ,patriotism is r5d]$ to a c\ntry t is "o's own4 ,9 view ( ?is1 x seems r significant t ! rise ( nationalism has be5 cotemporal ) ! rise ( democracy4 ,! c\ntry is a "p ( "o's objectifi$ self4 ,& "o _c be a self )\t be+ objectifi$4 ,he has to come to expression 9 "s way1 & he has to h ! means & mat]ial ?r\gh :i* to express himself4 ,! individual w\ld lose 9 individuality if 8 gr\p 7 brok5 up4 ,he _c be a normal human be+ indep5d5t ( ! gr\p2 & ! gr\p = ! civiliz$ man includes 8c\ntry40 8,9 a pr(\nd s5se1 man is born "u ! relations ( c\ntry & ( gov]nm5t4 ,he c no m live a rational1 civiliz$ life )\t a c\ntry1 & ap>t f gov]nm5t1 ?an )\t ! family & ap>t f ! social ord]4 ,sc>ce human is ! individual to :om are applicable ,hom]'s contemptu\s words1--#8,no tribe1 nor /ate1 nor home ha? he4'0#id ,! c\ntry p\rs itself into ! individual4 ,jacks says3 8,! di/9ction betwe5 our own ?\ghts & ! nation's ?\ghts is be+ oblit]at$4 ,ask ! fir/ hone/ man y meet to tell y :at he is ?9k+1 & if he answ]s fai?fully1 he w tell y some?+ ( :at ! nation is ?9k+40#ie ,! patriot in/9ctively feels ! on5ess betwe5 8 c\ntry & himself1 & (t5 has a cle> belief conc]n+ x4 ,wa%+ton spoke ( 8t c\ntry1 9 ^: s]vice ,i h sp5t ! prime ( my life2 = ^: sake ,i h consum$ s _m anxi\s days & wat*ful nights1 & ^: happ9ess1 be+ extremely de> to me1 w always con/itute no inconsid]able "p ( my own40#if ,wa%+ton id5tifi$ himself ) ,am]ica1 & s d all patriots id5tify !mselves ) _! c\ntry4 ,if ! patriot 7 ask$ :y "o %\ld love 8 c\ntry1 8 reply might v well be1 8,:y %\ld "o love himself80 ,! id5tification ( oneself ) 8 c\ntry is greatly help$ out by ! fact t ! c\ntry is an outgr[? ( ! family4 ,! idea ( k9%ip has be5 ext5d$ to ! national gr\p4 ,! nation is believ$ to be ( "o race4 ,mc,dougall 9 speak+ ( ! self-reg>d+ in/9ct calls att5tion to ! fact t x is ext5d$ to o!rs1 & says3 8444 ,?is ext5sion %\ld n1 & usually does n1 /op %ort at ! family2 9 primitive societies ! tribe & ! clan1 :i* are ! collective objects ( ! reg>ds ( o!r tribes & clans1 become also ! objects ( ?is s5tim5t2 & among ourselves ! gr[+ *ild is l$ on 9 ! same way to id5tify himself )1 & to ext5d 8 self-reg>d+ s5tim5t to 8 s*ool1 8 college1 8 t[n1 8 pr(ession z a class or collective unit1 & f9ally to 8 c\ntry or nation z a :ole4#ig ,! ext5sion ( ! s5tim5t culm9ates 9 its application to ! c\ntry1 & ?is application has be5 hi/orically possible because ! c\ntry has be5 believ$ to be ! organization ( a homog5e\s race4 ,b ! feel+ ( on5ess ) ! c\ntry does n re/ solely ^u ! belief 9 blood k9%ip4 ,e?nologi/s are n[ pretty well agre$ t !re are no pure races1 & t nationality does n co9cide ) race homog5eity4 ,c4 ,d4 ,burns po9ts out t ! ,belgians1 at ! "t !y 7 seek+ nationality1 7 ( diff]5t blood4 8,! gr\p _h ass]t$ _! common ambition & _! di/9ction f all o!r gr\ps4 ,!y 7 n all ! same blood or language1 b _! traditions & purposes 7 ! same40#ih ,x is n exclusively a common ance/ry1 !n1 t provides ! basis = "o to feel at "o ) 8 c\ntry4 ,x is n s mu* a "q ( g5esis z ( condition4 ,"o feels at home 9 a c\ntry :i* 9 g5]al has ! same sort ( "* & life z 8 own4 ,! l>ge/ factor is t ( a common consci\sness1 no matt] h[ produc$4 ,:at ?is means may be und]/ood f ! words ( ,bosanquet3 8,broadly speak+1 ! limit ( a c\ntry or nation is ! limit ( a common exp]i5ce1 su* t ! p %>e ! same m9d & feel+s1 & c und]/& ea* o!r's ways ( liv+ & make all[ance = ea* o!r s t ! same laws & in/itutions are acceptable & workable = all ( !m40#ii ,! patriot 9 a =eign l& feels truly l an innoc5t abroad1 b 8 own c\ntry is home1 sweet home to him4 ,! love ( ! c\ntry z "o's objectifi$ self co9cides ) ! desire = atta*m5t4 ,man1 9 o!r words1 wants to objectify himself4 ,he is n satisfi$ ) solipcism4 ,he wants a _w1 & a _w t someh[ repres5ts himself4 ,)\t t he is a lo/ s\l4 8,! man )\t a c\ntry0 is pa!tic because he has no atta*m5t1 no fix$ _w t he c call 8 own4 ,! c\ntry provides a satisfy+ object ( atta*m5t1 9 :i* ! patriot's s\l c be at re/4 ,patriotism is devotion to a cause1 & ! cause is "o's own4 ,! patriot has made x 8 by 8 own *oice4 ,x is a "p ( himself4 ,royce 9 speak+ ( patriotic loyalty says3 8,?is plan ( ! patriot has two features3 7#a7 ,x is ?r\gh & ?r\gh a social plan1 ob$i5t to ! g5]al w ( "o's c\ntry1 submissive2 7#b7 x is ?r\gh & ?r\gh an exaltation ( ! self1 ( ! inn] man1 :o n[ feels glorifi$ ?r\gh 8 sacrifice1 dignifi$ 9 8 self-surr5d]1 glad to be 8 c\ntry's s]vant & m>tyr1--yet sure t ?r\gh ?is v read9ess = self-de/ruction he w9s ! rank ( h]o40#ajj ,! call ( w> is n only a call to sacrifice1 b also a call to self-expression4 ,royce cont9ues3 8,?is w>-_s1 = ! "t at lea/1 makes self-sacrifice seem to be self-expression1 makes ob$i5ce to ! c\ntry's call seem to be ! pr\de/ sort ( display ( "o's own p[]s4 ,honor n[ means submission1 & to obey means to h "o's way4 ,p[] & s]vice are at "o4 ,con=mity is no long] oppos$ to hav+ "o's own w4 ,"o has no w b t ( ! c\ntry40#aja ,patriotism 9 ?is "* simplifies ! problem ( duty4 ,x provides a cause into :i* "o c ?r[ himself ) all 8 he>t1 avoid ! conflict ( a divid$ m9d1 & x is able to d all ?is = a man = ! reason t ! cause is 8 own4 ,x makes a joy out ( a duty4 ,an expression ( ! joy t comes to "o 9 ! s]vice ( 8 c\ntry's cause is to be f\nd 9 ! words suppos$ to h be5 utt]$ by ,epam9ondas :5 he 0 dy+ ^u ! battlefield4 ,zimm]mann cites ! incid5t3 8,epam9ondas1 ! ,!ban1 :5 ly+ on ! gr\nd mortally w\nd$ ) a spe> at ! battle ( ,leuctra1 all t tr\bl$ him 0 ! ev5t ( ! battle1 & :at 0 to become ( 8 arms2 b on 8 %ield be+ held up to him1 & ) assurances t ! day _h gone = ! ,!ban side1 he said to ! by/&]s ) a *e]ful c\nt5ance1 #8,let n ?is day1 fri5ds1 be consid]$ z ! end ( my life1 b z ! beg9n+ ( my happ9ess & ! consummation ( my glory4 ,i h ! satisfaction ( leav+ my c\ntry victori\s1 haughty ,sp>ta humbl$1 & ,greece fre$4' ,!n draw+ ! spe> out ( 8 brea/1 he expir$40#ajb ,ev5 if ,epam9ondas did n express any su* dramatic s5tim5t1 x 0 a common en\gh exp]i5ce among mank9d to be ! subject ( a cr$ible bit ( fiction4 ,! joy 0 9 ! fact t ! cause _h triumph$1 a cause t he _h made 8 own4 ,! patriot id5tifies himself ) 8 c\ntry2 9 x he sees himself2 & he %>es its sorr[s & successes4 ,! patriot is prov9cial4 ,he beg9s 8 life ( atta*m5t by be+ loyal to :at is ne>e/ ! c5t] ( 8 own int]e/s4 ,& su* atta*m5t is natural4 ,we are n likely to be s vitally int]e/$ 9 f>-away ?+s z 9 ! ?+s t are ne>4 ,x is simply a case ( :]e ! p[] ( gravitation v>ies 9 inv]se ratio to ! di/ance betwe5 ! gravitat+ bodies4 ,n[1 ! patriot's own nation is ne>] to him ?an is any o!r1 & consequ5tly to x he r5d]s 8 w>me/ devotion4 ,ev5 _m :o deplore ! n>r[ness ( nationalism & !mselves d n %>e t n>r[ness1 d nev]!less h a w>m devotion = _! own c\ntry4 ,?is devotion1 /rong 9 spite ( a consci\sness ( ! c\ntry's %ortcom+s1 %[s itself 9 ,c[p]'s l9e3 8,engl&1 ) all ?y faults1 ,i love !e /ill40#ajc ,! patriot believes t he is an unnatural son if he is n devot$ to 8 c\ntry4 ,to turn aga9/ ! c\ntry is comp>able to turn+ aga9/ 8 own "m4 ,& ( c\rse no real man ( fle% & blood & ! ord9>y feel+s ( normal human be+s1 w\ld d su* a ?+ z t4 ,! traitor is abnormal1 & is some?+ am\nt+ to almo/ a mon/]4 ,all normal m5 are believ$ to ?rill to ! s5tim5t1 8,?is is my own1 my native l&60#ajd ,! c\ntry is s close t x is felt to be inhuman bas5ess n to be true to ! ties t b9d "o to x4 ,patriotism is1 !n1 9 "p a cl++ to ! nation z an expression ( "o's own life4 ,! patriot fi]cely res5ts attacks ^u ! nation1 = !y are attacks ^u himself4 ,!y assail ! p]iph]y ( 8 p]sonality4 ,he wants 8 c\ntry to be free because 9 x he f9ds himself express$1 & because he claims ! "r to cont9ue 8 self-expression ?r\gh ! c\ntry4 ,!re=e he hates conque/ by an enemy4 ,he w\ld r die fight+ ?an be subjugat$1 because 9 dy+ = 8 c\ntry he ass]ts himself 9 "o la/ f9al defiant act4 ,x is a supreme act ( self-ass]tion4 ,! c\ntry is ! patriot's1 x is vital to him1 & :ile life la/s he w n see x p]i% f ! e>?4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,intr9sic ,,value ,,( ,,"o',s ,,c\ntry ,! patriot believes t 8 c\ntry is intr9sically a fundam5tal value4 ,x is a cause t is wor?y4 ,he sees v>i\s ?+s 9 ! c\ntry t furni% ! bases = ?is belief4 ,sometimes he beholds 9 ! /ate a sacr$ or semi-sacr$ in/itution4 ,a philosophy :i* put ! !ory ( ! /ate 9 su* a way z to furni% a basis = ?is belief 0 t ( ,hegel4 ,= ,hegel1 ! /ate 0 ! developm5t ( ! absolute ,idea 9 ! _w4 ,! /ate did n arise 9 response to ! ne$s ( m51 z philosoph]s l ,mill & ,sp5c]#aje h held1 & z w\ld probably be held by ! patriot :o looks ^u ! c\ntry z protector or expression ( himself4 ,hegel said1 8,x is a v di/ort$ acc\nt ( ! matt] :5 ! /ate1 9 dem&+ sacrifices f ! citiz5s1 is tak5 to be simply ! civic community1 ^: object is m]ely ! security ( life & prop]ty4 ,security _c possibly be obta9$ by ! sacrifice ( :at is to be secur$4444 ,! nation z a /ate is ! _s sub/antively realiz$ & directly real4 ,h5ce1 x is ! absolute p[] on e>?40#ajf ,hegel felt t way ab\t ! ,prussian ,/ate4 ,& o!rs h felt almo/ ! same way ab\t _! /ate4 ,! desire = a solid & immutable condition ( life t ! view repres5ts is a fundam5tal "o4 ,& :5 ,hegel or any "o else takes t view ( 8 /ate1 he is at once likely to be a devot$ patriot4 ,! popul> p>allel to ,hegel's conclusion is ! belief t ! c\ntry comes f ,god4 ,m5 seem to want to feel t _! orig9s are wor?y ( rev]5ce1 & t !y are especially favor$4 ,9 anci5t times mo/ p trac$ _! ance/ry back to _! ,god4 ,! ,japanese d ! same ?+ 9 mod]n times1 & h a religion :i* is ! expression ( t belief4 ,! ,%9to religion inculcates rev]5ce = ! sov]eign1 ance/ral memory1 filial piety1 nature wor%ip1 & ! belief t ! imp]ial family1 :i* is desc5d$ f _! god1 is ! f\nta9 head ( ! :ole nation4 ,^! elem5ts h be5 infus$ into ,bu%ido1 :i* ,nitobe calls ,! ,s\l ( ,japan1 & :i* embodies & inculcates ! ,japanese national ideals4 ,b ! belief 9 ! semi-sacr$ "* ( ! nation is common 9 all c\ntries4 ,h[ (t5 d we he> x said t ,am]ica is ,god's ,mod]n ,*os5 ,p4 ,& at lea/ "o ( ! sov]eigns ( ,europe does n cease to m5tion ! patriotism ( 8 tutel>y god n only 9 8 pray]s1 b also 9 8 proclamations4 ,?is belief 9 ! sacr$ness ( "o's c\ntry has 9 mon>*ies a spl5did symbol to :i* to atta* itself 9 ! p]son ( ! k+ or emp]or4 ,! rul+ classes enc\rage ?is atta*m5t2 !y !mselves feel t !y rule by div9e "r4 ,!y h inh]it$ ! belief f ! traditions ( ! ,middle ,ages & f su* philosophical !ories z t ( ,hegel4 ,& ! p1 also habituat$ to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 ^? ideas1 %>e ! same belief4 ,if !y are ?or\ghly loyal1 !y take an attitude t[>ds _! k+ simil> to t assum$ by religi\s devotees t[>ds _! ,god4 ,b emp]or-wor%ip is n at all necess>y to /ate-wor%ip4 ,_m :o no long] believe 9 ! div9e "r ( k+s /ill believe 9 ! div9e "r ( /ates4 ,! /ate is /ill (t5 look$ ^u z sacr$ & sov]eign4 ,! ,greek conception ( ! omnipot5t polis is 9 ! h9t]l& ( our m9ds4 ,!re has come d[n f ! ,middle ,ages a habit ( sov]eignty :i* ! _w has n %ak5 (f4 ,&1 moreov]1 m5 want a supreme p[] :i* gu>antees safety4 ,patriotism ?rives 9 su* soil4 ,:5 p are possess$ ( ^! beliefs1 patriotism ) !m c become almo/ a religion4 ,! belief t "o has a glori\s c\ntry is a =m ( ! belief 9 its value4 ,?is k9d ( patriotism is f$ by contemplation ( ! great names ( ! pa/ & ! de$s ( conqu]+ h]oes4 ,x c atta* itself to any *>act]i/ic 9 :i* ! c\ntry excels4 ,"s ( ! reasons = patriotism advanc$ 9 a s*ool textbook ran some:at z foll[s3 ,our c\ntry is a great nation4 ,our t]ritory is big4 ,we h an imm5se population4 ,our weal? is surpass+ly great4 ,our p[] is trem5d\s4 ,our educational /&>ds are high4 ,& we are ! great expon5t ( a l& ( fre$om4#ajg ,! moral 0 t any ,am]ican boy or girl ought to recognize t he liv$ 9 a gr& & glori\s c\ntry4 ,"o ( ! v common causes ( pride is ! ext5t ( comm]ce1 & 9 ?is way ! economic factor makes ano!r connection ) patriotism4 ,a few ye>s ago1 "o ( ! pot5t reasons = ! proposal to subsidize an ,am]ican m]*ant m>9e 0 t ! c\ntry did n l to feel t ! flag 0 n float+ ov] ! sea z x once _h4 ,! consci\sness ( national glory gr[s on ! pride ( p[]4 ,! belief 9 ! c\ntry's greatness fuses ) & d]ives dynamic f ! impulse to p[]4 ,national p[] is preci\s to a c]ta9 type ( patriot4 ,x is ev5 m preci\s ?an peace4 8,! pla9 fact is t p d n prize tranquillity above all o!r goods4 ,!y desire influ5ce & p[]1 & are will+ to accept ! responsibilities & ! suff]+ t ^! entail40#ajh ,^! facts ?r[ light ^u ! patriotism ( aggressive nations4 ,! patriots ( ^? nations glory 9 _! c\ntry's glory1 & gr[ great 9 ! consci\sness ( its p[]4 ,imp]ialism gr[s out ( ?is temp]4 ,& once a c\ntry is emb>k$ on a c>e] ( imp]ialism1 x is h>dly to be satisfi$ %ort ( dom9ion ov] ! _w4 ,ev5 !n x w sigh = new worlds to conqu]4 ,& ?is *>act]i/ic ( an insatiable lu/ = glory %\ld n be lo/ sight ( :5 we are consid]+ ! tam+ ( an enemy by nonresi/ance4 ,! patriotism t fe$s ^u ! c\ntry's glory is jeal\s ( ! national pre/ige4 ,pre/ige is glory4 ,& a nation _c cont9ue to glory ei!r at home or abroad if x suff]s its pre/ige to be l[]$4 ,consequ5tly x mu/ sometimes fight simply to protect t pre/ige4 ,_m ( our citiz5s dur+ ! p]iod ( crisis ) ,mexico ov] ! exploits ( ,villa & also dur+ ! critical "t 9 our affairs ) ,g]many be=e w> 0 decl>$1 believ$ t if we did n fight1 our pre/ige value w\ld be l[]$ all ov] ! _w1 & t we %\ld be depriv$ ( ! p[] ( act+ effectively 9 _w politics4 ,! desire ( a nation = rev5ge also is ! desire1 z mu* z any?+ else1 to re/ore h] fall5 pre/ige4 ,solicitude = ! c\ntry's honor is ano!r outgr[? ( ! patriotism t delights 9 national glory4 ,"o k9d ( honor is t ( ,belgium /&+ up 9 ! face ( aggression = its integrity & = its loyalty to its int]national obligations4 ,a weak] k9d is v mu* l ! desire = pre/ige4 ,x is a desire = ! respect ( o!rs4 ,x appe>s 9 ! reason t ,nitobe gives = ,japan's op5+ its doors to ! we/]n _w4 8,! s5se ( honor :i* _c be> be+ look$ d[n ^u z an inf]ior p[]1--t 0 ! /ronge/ ( motives40#aji ,?is s5se ( honor w lead to high a*ievem5ts1 b ! trag$y is t x w s easily lead to w>4 ,c4 ,d4 ,broad says1 8444 ,x is *iefly :5 p c be p]suad$ t que/ions ( honor are involv$ t !y c be got to fight40#aaj ,& :5 a w> is />t$1 no c\ntry wants to accept defeat4 ,ea* "o emblazons on its sword ! device :i* is said to h be5 on ! sword ( a fai?ful knight ( feudal times3 8,nev] draw me )\t "r2 nev] %ea! me )\t honor40 ,! tr\ble :i* is implicit 9 ! situation is t nations believe t _! glory & welf>e are matt]s ( competitive success4 ,x is all too commonly believ$ t ! ga9 ( "o nation mu/ mean ! loss ( ano!r4 ,consequ5tly1 ! attitude t is tak5 on all sides is simply t ( intellig5t self-int]e/4 ,jeal\sy arises out ( su* a situation1 & jeal\sy is "o ( ! effective causes ( w>4 ,"o ( ! mo/ significant factors 9 ! diplomatic hi/ory prec$+ ! pres5t w> 0 t ( ! rivalry ( ! great ,european p[]s = /rategic l& areas1 & = control ( ! important sea r\tes ( ! _w4 ,!re has be5 a problem ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! ,adriatic1 ,con/ant9ople1 ! ,nor? ,sea1 ! ,baltic1 ! ,*9a ,sea1 ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 & s on4 ,g]many1 y\ng] ?an ! o!r nations1 has be5 mak+ a desp]ate ef=t to cat* up ) !m1 & ! pres5t w> is 9 great "p ! outgr[? ( ! friction aris+ out ( t ef=t4#aaa ,b x is enc\rag+ t ! glory ( nations does n consi/ exclusively 9 competitive success1 & t !re are ^? :o realize x4 ,!re are ^? :o see t ! true good ( all c\ntries may be work$ out at ! same "t4 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill express$ a high ideal ( patriotism :5 he said3 8,i believe t ! good ( no c\ntry c be obta9$ by any means b su* z t5d to t ( all c\ntries1 nor ought to be s\ght o!rwise1 ev5 if atta9able40#aab ,?is may be mat*$ by a passage f ,am]ican patriotic eloqu5ce utt]$ by no less a patriot ?an ,*>les ,sumn]3 8,i hope to rescue ^? t]ms national glory1 s p[]ful ov] ! m9ds ( m51 f ! mi/ak5 objects to :i* !y are appli$1 f de$s ( w> & ! ext5sion ( empire1 t h5ce=w>d !y may be atta*$ only to acts ( ju/ice & humanity40#aac ,! highe/ good ( nations really lies 9 ! use ( ^? ?+s :i* d n p]i% 9 ! us+ & ( :i* !re is en\gh = all4 ,!y are ! ?+s ( ! m9d & ( ! _s4 ,! hope is t ! rivalry ( nations may be transf]r$ f de/ructive to con/ructive pursuits4 ,mu* bett] w\ld be fri5dly rivalry 9 ! accompli%m5ts ( sci5ce1 art1 s*ol>%ip1 social welf>e1 & l ?+s4 ,! belief 9 ! value ( "o's c\ntry sometimes expresses itself 9 ! conviction t ! c\ntry embodies l(ty ideals4 ,patriots believe t _! nation repres5ts a great tradition1 & /&s = ideals t are important to ! human race4 ,a c\ntry may be said to be organiz$ ab\t ^! beliefs4 ,a p is n really effectively unifi$ until x is held toge!r by ! p[] ( a common ideal4 ,& t ideal is a s\rce ( /r5g? to patriotism4 ,?is ideali/ic "* has impress$ itself ^u ev5 ! w>like temp] ( peoples4 ,!y d n usually fight ov] causes t are av[$ly mat]iali/ic & pr$atory4 ,x takes a big idea to appeal to ! p4 8444 ,peoples 9 _! l>g] corporate activities are n m]c5>y1 b ideali/4 ,!y "k t w>s d n #8pay' 9 ! l[1 mat]ial s5se4 ,!y are n seek+ pres5t ease & com=t1 seldom a pres5t good ( any k9d1 b ! triumph ( an ideal :i* !y associate ) _! national life4 ,_! me?od may be wrong1 b _! purpose is ess5tially altrui/ic1 p]haps ! lea/ selfi% ( any activity we "k40#aad ,& ! ideal t moves a p mu/ be a morally high ideal1 or at lea/ mu/ seem to be s4 ,a gov]nm5t c\ld sc>cely hope to w9 a h>d w> )\t hav+ fir/ enli/$ ! community's moral convictions4 ,ideals are 9 "p inh]it$ f ! nation's pa/4 ,:at has unit$ 9 ! pa/ has be5 ^! common ideals2 & x is because !re 7 su* t ! memory ( ! pa/ is s valuable4 ,b = ! ideali/ ! future is fully z important z ! pa/4 ,a p is held toge!r by :at ,gre5 calls its 8social expectation40#aae ,:at b9ds u toge!r 9 ,am]ica is n s mu* ! pa/ z ! future4 ,our pa/ is a vital factor 9 our unity4 ,x is rem>kable h[ ! v>i\s elem5ts 9 our population c app>5tly s naturally appropriate 8! ,puritan fa!rs0 z _! own4 ,! ,puritan fa!rs 7 only "o elem5t 9 ! f\nd+ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & at lea/ ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! pres5t inhabitants ( ?is l& h no physical inh]itance f !m1 b a f> great] proportion ( ! ,am]ican p c\nt !mselves z _! spiritual prog5y4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,am]ican p conta9s great het]og5e\s gr\ps & masses :o h nev] be5 assimilat$ to ! ,puritan ideals or traditions4 ,!re is no common pa/ = all our p4 ,we root back into _m l&s & _m traditions4 ,! tie t really b9ds is :at we believe to be our common de/9y1 ! ideals t we believe ourselves to be progressively realiz+4 ,! roots ( our unity are 9 ! sky4 ,! ideals :i* a nation believes t x exemplifies are v>i\s4 ,sometimes x is t ( good gov]nm5t4 ,virgil felt t ,rome 0 spread+ peace & ord] ?r\gh\t ! _w4#aaf ,sometimes x is ! ideal ( ju/ice4 ,! patriot seems to feel t 9 8 c\ntry's j cause et]nal ju/ice itself is be+ inc>nat$4 8,a patriot he ,wa%+ton 0 9 ! highe/ s5se1 n because he lov$ 8 c\ntry ) a selfi% love1 b because he lov$ ju/ice on ! broade/ scale1 & believ$ t ! cause ( 8 c\ntry 0 t ( et]nal ju/ice40#aag ,b ! ideal :i* has be5 exploit$ p]haps m ?an any o!r is t ( fre$om4 ,patriots ?rill at ! ?\ght t n only is _! c\ntry ! gu>dian ( _! fre$om1 b is ! *ampion ( fre$om ?r\gh\t all ! _w4 ,?is ideal has ! honor ( hav+ mo/ ke5ly ar\s$ ! consci5ces ( /ates4 8,x is a curi\s fact t practically e case 9 :i* altrui/ic action has be5 pr(ess$ by or recomm5d$ to a nation has be5 a case 9 :i* ! #8lib]ty' ( "s human be+s 0 9 "q4 ,?us bo? ! antislav]y & ! ,bulg>ian agitations 9 ,engl& 7 que/ions ( lib]ty2 & ! :ole ,palm]/onian policy 0 direct$ aga9/ tyranny4 ,!re is inde$ "s gr\nd = believ+ t ! positive int]national moral s5se has at pres5t only develop$ ) reg>d to fre$om4 ,!re are _m p1 especially 9 ?is c\ntry1 :o w\ld say t x is ! duty ( a /ate1 reg>dless ( its own int]e/s1 to protect ! fre$om ( ano!r /ate1 especially if ! inhabitants ( ! latt] are ( k9dr$ race to !mselves40#aah ,patriotism (t5 re/s ^u ! belief 9 ! value ( ! c\ntry's civilization4 ,! civilization ( a c\ntry is its art1 culture1 cu/oms1 & 9 g5]al its way ( liv+4 ,x is its kultur4 ,loisy speaks = ,france1 8444 ?\gh we d n brag ( our culture1 we are sure t ! ru9 ( ,france w\ld be no ga9 to civilization4444 ,we are safegu>d+ a notable portion ( our human inh]itance f ! madness ( ! de/roy]40#aai ,sometimes ! elem5t ( ! civilization *]i%$ mo/ is t ( religion4 ,! ,jewi% patriotism 0 an example ( ?is4 ,sometimes !re is a belief t "o's own nation has a way ( do+ ?+s bett] ?an o!rs4 ,g]many is an example4 ,at o!r times1 pride is f\nd$ ^u ! greatness ( "o's in/itutions4 ,! ,engli% & ,am]icans feel su* pride4 ,sometimes patriotism waxes en?usia/ic ov] economic accompli%m5t4 ,! foll[+ is an expression ( patriotism :i*1 :ile x w no d\bt be a/oni%+ to mo/ p1 nev]!less seems to be s9c]e3 8,x is an elem5t ( patriotism to rev]5ce ! successful bus9ess man ( ,am]ica1 & ,our ,nation mu/ reque/ & he$ ! advice & admonitions ( m5 exp]i5c$ 9 affairs40#abj ,! context %[s t ! au?or likes ! /atus quo ( indu/ry & weal?1 & wants m ( ! same ?+4 ,ea* /ate gr\p has its own hi/ory1 & is conv9c$ t x makes its own contribution to ! _w's civilization4 ,! patriot applies to 8 own c\ntry ! _s t 0 express$ by ,mazz9i3 8,e p has its special mission1 :i* w cop]ate t[>ds ! fulfillm5t ( ! g5]al mission ( ,humanity4 ,t mission con/itutes its nationality4 ,nationality is sacr$40#aba ,! s5se ( hav+ a mission possess$ ,israel2 x possesses ,g]many2 x possesses ,am]ica4 ,longfell[ wrote to ,am]ica1 8,humanity ) all its fe>s1 ,) all ! hopes ( future ye>s1 ,is hang+ brea?less on ?y fate40#abb ,9 fact1 ! numb] ( ! civiliz+ missions t ! _w is favor$ ) is id5tically equal to ! numb] ( c\ntries t h ea* a national consci\sness4 ,! consci\sness ( be+ ! ano9t$ "o sometimes /rikes ! level ( ! ludicr\s4 ,! foll[+ is n an example1--= ! ,new ,engl&]3 8,z f ! fir/ to ?is day1 let ,new ,engl& cont9ue to be an example to ! _w ( ! bless+s ( free gov]nm5t1 & ( ! means & capacity ( m5 to ma9ta9 x4 ,& 9 all times to come1 z 9 all times pa/1 may ,bo/on be among ! =emo/ & bolde/ to exemplify & uphold :atev] con/itutes ! prosp]ity1 ! happ9ess1 & ! glory ( ,new ,engl&40#abc ,! patriotism t ju/ifies itself ) ! reason t ! c\ntry is an intr9sic value (t5 expresses itself 9 a desire = a bett] c\ntry4 ,patriotism is n exclusively love ( c\ntry j z x is4 ,x is love ( an ideal c\ntry4 ,! actual c\ntry becomes a subject ( criticism4 ,lit]>y m5 h (t5 satiriz$ _! c\ntry at ! same "t t !y lov$ x4 ,& ! criticism may be all ! m bitt] because ! love is great4 ,! c\ntry's %ortcom+s are felt by ^? :o love x ! mo/4 ,! foll[+ l9es inflict ! fai?ful w\nd ( a true patriot3 8,! ev]-lu/r\s "n ( patriot ,to no man may be d5i$ because he saw ,:]e 9 8 c\ntry's :ol5ess lay ! flaw1 ,:]e1 on h] :it5ess1 ! unseemly blot4 ,engl&6 ?y loyal sons condemn !e4--,:at6 ,%all we be meek :o f ?9e own brea/s draw ,our fi]c5ess8 ,n ev'n ?\ %alt ov]awe ,u1 ?y pr\d *ildr5 n[ise basely got4 ,be ?is ! measure ( our loyalty-- ,to feel !e noble & weep ?y lapse ! m4 ,?is tru? by ?y true s]vants is confess'd-- ,?y s9s1 :o love !e mo/1 d mo/ deplore4 ,"k ?\ ?y fai?ful6 ,be/ !y hon\r !e ,:o hon\r 9 !e only :at is be/40#abd ,patriotism consequ5tly does n mean bl9d devotion to c\ntry1 "r or wrong4 ,& ! pla9 fact is t !re actually are patriots :o d n conceive t devotion to c\ntry mu/ be consi/5t ev5 at ! exp5se ( "o's moral convictions4 ,loyalty to c\ntry ) !m does n set aside loyalty to ! moral law4 ,! foll[+ l9es are tak5 f an essay comm5datory to patriotism3 8,let patriotism :olly con=m itself to ! moral law2 let x judge all ?+s1 national z well z individual1 by ! unalt]able1 supreme1 /&>d ( "r & wrong2 let x sanction no bl9d foll[+ ( ! flag1 nor any une?ical exalt+ ( ! c\ntry's dom9ance above ! c\ntry's righte\sness2 let x reject ! notion t because w> has be5 decl>$1 patriots mu/ enli/2 let x repudiate ! idea t because a w> has be5 begun1 x mu/ be all[$ to end only :5 victory has be5 secur$2--& !re w n only be few] w>s1 b also1 on "o side at lea/1 w>s m 9 keep+ ) ju/ice & tru?40#abe ,! au?or is a patriot1 b 8 patriotism is direct$ by a high e?ical ideal4 ,x foll[s t patriotism is n inextricably b\nd up ) j+oism4 ,patriotism is n exclusively a w>-"t virtue4 ,9 tru? pacifi/s may well ass]t1 & d sometimes1 t !y are patriots1 & diff] f o!r patriots only 9 ! way 9 :i* !y %[ _! patriotism4 ,!re are uses = ! patriot 9 "t ( peace z well z 9 "t ( w>4 ,a practical /atesman 9 a patriotic address has said1 8,we ne$ m5 :o w n only be ready to sacrifice = _! c\ntry 9 "t ( w>1 b :o w n be a m5ace to x 9 "t ( peace6 ,we want patriots 9 f9ance4 ,we want patriotism 9 ! organization ( corporations4 ,we want patriots 9 ! conduct ( public utilities4 ,we want patriots 9 r5d]+ loyal ob$i5ce to ! law40#abf ,wa%+ton1 :o 0 a patriot 9 w>1 pref]r$ peace1 & 0 a patriot 9 peace z well z 9 w>4 ,:5 he 0 ab\t to resign 8 commission z comm&]-9-*ief ( ! army1 he wrote 8 8,lett] to ! ,gov]nors0 9 :i* he made sugge/ions = putt+ ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t on a "r basis4 ,8 8,f>ewell ,address0 0 *>act]iz$ by pat]nal solicitude = ! future ( 8 c\ntry4 ,on bo? occasions ,wa%+ton1 fir/ 9 peace z well z 9 w>1 express$ :at 0 a true _s ( patriotism4 ,! patriotism t looks )9 ! c\ntry dem&s public _s4 ,x calls = unselfi%ness on ! "p ( ! individual & devotion to ! bett]m5t ( ! c\ntry4 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill's ,autobiography %[s 9 its pages t ,mill 0 actuat$ 9 8 "w by an unselfi% & devot$ public _s4 ,high-m9d$ patriots dem& ev]yday devotion to ! c\ntry4 ,bosanquet tells u :at patriotism means to him4 ,he says3 8,9 _! patriotism1 _! feel+ = ! community1 ,hegel tells u1 p are apt to foll[ _! cu/om ( be+ g5]\s be=e !y are j1 & excuse !mselves by a pot5tial romantic magnanimity = a lack ( prosaic ev]yday loyalty to ! commonweal?4 ,b x is ?is latt]1 ! s5se ( daily duty1 :i* is real patriotism--! f\ndation & se$-plot ( ! =m]40#abg ,?is public _s means1 = "o ?+1 t ! individual himself be a good citiz54 8444 ,patriotism dem&s t1 9 ourselves1 we be good & true4 ,! c\ntry's wor?y citiz5 mu/ be p]sonally wor?y1--emul\s ( culture1 devot$ to virtue4 ,no man p]sonally di%onorable1 c be patriotic 9 ! highe/ degree40#abh ,x means1 = ano!r ?+1 t a man %all be int]e/$ 9 ! welf>e ( ! p ( 8 c\ntry4 ,al?\gh an en?usiasm = ! p sometimes weak5s nationali/ic feel+1 z 9 ! case ( ,tol/oy1 nev]!less patriotism (t5 d]ives great /r5g? f humanit>ian sympa?y4 ,?is sympa?y %[s itself n[adays 9 ! desire = a great] measure ( ju/ice 9 ! relations betwe5 ! classes4 ,9 a patriotic address1 ,john ,gri] ,hibb5 says3 8,9 ! ?roes ( its new bir? ! _w today ne$s a new indu/rial consci5ce1 a new s5se ( social responsibility1 a new /&>d ( national integrity4 ,we mu/ realize t ! /r5g? ( a nation lies ultimately n 9 its natural res\rces1 or 9 its me?od ( effici5cy1 or 9 its num]ical sup]iority1 or 9 its army1 or navy1 b 9 its moral & spiritual vigor40#abi ,ev5 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson1 :o on ! :ole ?9ks t patriotism is a bad ?+1 has = ! nation an ideal ( 8sci5tific social developm5t40#acj ,x is easy to see 9 8 book t he has a l>ge sympa?y ) 8! p0 n only ( o!r c\ntries1 b also ( 8 own4 ,t is 8 patriotism4 ,! ,int]national ,re=m ,bureau publi%$ a book entitl$ 8,patriotic ,/udies40 ,& x 0 n1 z "o might suppose1 a s]ies ( le>n$ articles on ! subject ( ,patriotism4 ,x 0 a compilation ( ,congressional docum5ts ( ! ye>s #ahhh-aije = ! /udy ( public que/ions4 ,! que/ions treat$ 9 ?is volume 7 ! foll[+3 8#a4 ,moral & ,social ,functions ( ,education4 #b4 ,municipal ,re=m4 #c4 ,immigration4 #d4 ,! ,"l's ,day & ! ,re/ ,day4 #e4 ,! ,labor ,problem4 #f4 ,! ,family4 #g4 ,national ,re=ms4 #h4 ,amusem5ts1 ,) ,special ,ref]5ce to ,purity4 #i4 ,gambl+4 #aj4 ,prev5tion & ,puni%m5t ( ,crime4 #aa4 ,! ,liquor ,problem4 #ab4 ,! ,new ,*>ity40#aca ,all ?is 0 consid]$ by an ,int]national ,bureau ( ,re=m to be 8patriotic /udies40 ,patriotism !n1 reveals itself 9 ! do+ ( ^? ?+s t aim at ! true welf>e ( mank9d )9 a c\ntry4 ,& su* activities are patriotism4 8,9 ! peace movem5t1 ! temp]ance re=m1 ! judici\s & practicable s*emes = ! abolition ( bondage1 ! attempts to discov] a m ,*ri/ian organization ( society2--9 e association & all ef=ts t seek ! highe/ welf>e ( man1 & prep>e ! way = 8 free culture & rightful enjoym5t1 z a creature ( ,god1 ! ,am]ican idea ju/ifies itself & culm9ates2 & by /r5g!n+ ?is t5d5cy1 & only ?us c ,patriotism be fai?ful to its law1 & v9dicate its nature40#acb ,x is q consi/5t ) patriotism t ! c\ntry %\ld be *]i%$ z ! s]vant ( humanity4 ,! ideal ( s]vice sometimes becomes a reason = patriotism4 ,mazz9i's#acc patriotism 0 ( ?is k9d4 ,8 ideal 0 t a nation %\ld claim n its own aggr&izem5t1 b its "r to s]ve humanity z a di/9ct gr\p4 ,?is k9d ( patriotism is t :i* ,royce w\ld recomm5d z an example ( ! be/ loyalty4 8,enlight5$ loyalty takes no delight 9 great armies or 9 great navies = _! own sake4 ,if x cons5ts to !m1 x views !m m]ely z transi5tly necess>y calamities4 ,x has no joy 9 national pr[ess1 except 9 s f> z t pr[ess means a fur!rance ( univ]sal loyalty4444 ,we want loyalty to loyalty taught by help+ _m p to be loyal to _! own special causes1 & by %[+ !m t loyalty is a preci\s common human good1 & t x c nev] be a good to h>m any man's loyalty except solely 9 necess>y def5se ( our own loyalty4444 ,& s1 a cause is good1 n only = me1 b = mank9d1 9 s f> z x is ess5tially a loyalty to loyalty1 t is1 is an aid & a fur!rance ( loyalty 9 my fell[s40#acd ,& ,royce1 9 8 la/ book1 made ! application to patriotism3 8,let u1 ) all our might1 ) :atev] moral influ5ce we possess1 ) our own honor1 ) our lives if necess>y1 be ready1 if ev] & :5ev] ! call comes to our p1 to sacrifice = mank9d z ,belgium has sacrific$2 to haz>d all1 z ,belgium has haz>d$ all1 = ! tru] union ( mank9d & = ! future ( human bro!rhood04#ace ,! true/ patriot1 f ?is po9t ( view1 w be ! man ^: insight w reveal to him :at 8 nation c mo/ naturally & be/ d = humanity1 & :o uses 8 p[]s to w9 ! devotion ( ! nation to ! ideal ( p]=m+ t s]vice4 ,:at conclusions n[ are yield$ by ! be>+s ( ! reasons ( patriotism8 ,is patriotism ei!r ju/ifi$ or discr$it$ by !m8 ,once m x is app>5t t no gr\nd has be5 rea*$ ^u :i* alone to base a g5]al judgm5t4 ,to beg9 )1 no reason simply z su* is ei!r good or bad2 "s ( ! reasons ( patriotism are good & "s are evil4 ,moreov]1 ^! beliefs are (t5 bas$ m]ely ^u impulse & regim5tation4 ,!re is 8in/9ctive inf]5ce z well z 444 in/9ctive impulse40#acf ,"o w hunt reasons = :at he believes2 _m ( 8 reasons are simply aft]-?\ghts4 ,& sometimes beliefs are n z accurate z in/9cts & habits4 ,a man's feel+s may (t5 h m mean+ ?an 8 beliefs4 ,s ! fact t a ?+ appe>s to be reason$ does n necess>ily make x reasonable4 ,! reasons f\nd 9 patriotism are ano!r elem5t add+ to its complexity4 ,& ! complexity is all ! m involv$ because impulses & habits h rema9$ 9 patriotism along ) reasons4 ,patriotism is compos$ ( all ?ree1--impulses1 habits1 & reasons4 ,! nature ( patriotism w h to be f\nd 9 a concept t unifies all ^! elem5ts1 & its e?ical value c be cle>ly assess$ only 9 ! light ( t concept4 ,!re=e1 ! nature & value ( patriotism w be ! objects ( att5tion 9 ! rema9+ *apt]s4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,! ,,nature ,,& ,,value ,,( ,,patriotism ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,national ,,individuality ,patriotism is a complex s5tim5t4 ,x gr[s out ( a great v>iety ( roots & reasons1 & f9ds expression 9 _m =ms4 ,9 ! prec$+ p>ts ( ?is treatise ^! f\ndations & expressions ( patriotism h be5 dealt )4 ,!y ?r[ light ^u ! que/ions ( :y patriotism is & :y x is :at x is4 ,x rema9s = patriotism to be def9$4 ,no "o ( ! _m causes or appe>ances ( ! s5tim5t adequately def9es x4 ,^? :o fix ^u "s "o impulse1 habit1 or reason1 & try to fit all ! facts ( patriotism into t1 ov]simplify ! situation4 ,!y leave out ess5tial features4 ,?is w\ld hold true ( ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson1#acg :o makes patriotism to consi/ ( ! impulses ( fe> & hatr$4 ,!re are important k9ds ( patriotism1 direct$ t[>d ! int]nal improvem5t ( ! c\ntry = in/ance1 :i* _c be s classifi$4 ,if "o foll[$ ! clue ( ,trott]1#ach he w\ld expla9 ! ph5om5on z ! result ( ! h]d in/9ct4 ,b patriotism is n purely in/9ctive4 ,vebl5#aci w\ld lead "o to make ! economic motive & ! impulse ( rivalry or emulation prom95t4 ,b patriotism is some?+ m ?an a conte/ & a conte/1 too1 :i* is ma9ly = mat]ial goods4 ,loisy#adj w\ld make patriotism a wor?y religion1 & recomm5d x z su*4 ,b ! love ( c\ntry does n always atta9 ! dignity t x has 9 ,loisy4 ,p[]s#ada makes m5's int]e/ 9 _! civilization ! root ( _! patriotism4 ,b he op5s 8 book ) ! recognition t m5 d fight ov] mat]ial ?+s4 ,none ( ^! acc\nts c be us$ z an adequate basis f :i* to def9e & pres5t ! c5tral concept ( patriotism4 ,yet patriotism is "o4 ,!re is a common c5t] ab\t :i* all ! impulses1 habits1 & beliefs ( ! s5tim5t clu/]4 ,!re is a concept 8patriotism40 ,x is t concept1 ?\gh p]haps in>ticulate1 :i* guides ev5 9 ! ga!r+ ( mat]ial = its own def9ition4 ,x w be enl>g$ aft] ! prelim9>y exam9ation1 b x is pres5t f ! beg9n+4 ,! clue t "o really has 9 h& :5 he sets out to /udy patriotism is ! popul> def9ition t x is 8! love ( c\ntry40#adb ,& x is a hopeful clue f :i* to />t4 ,x does lead "o to ! mat]ial t he seeks4 ,moreov]1 x %[s :at patriotism has meant 9 racial wisdom1 ! wisdom ( ! pla9 p :o h long & intimately be5 associat$ ) & be5 mo/ mov$ by ! s5tim5t4 ,x mu/ be said t 9 "o way ! result ( an exam9ation ( ?is popul> def9ition is negative4 ,! prelim9>y /udy made 9 ?is diss]tation %[s t4 ,patriotism is h>dly to be def9$ simply z ! love ( c\ntry4 ,devotion to "o's native l& is 9 "o phase an exalt$ & intellig5t loyalty to c\ntry z an ideal1 b x may %[ ano!r "*4 ,its nature has in/9ctive roots4 ,x may be no m ?an a habit4 ,ev5 ! reason$ support ( c\ntry is n exclusively :at may be describ$ z love2 at any rate1 x n uncommonly appe>s z a q self-int]e/$ affection4 ,! conduct ( patriots has (t5 be5 su* z to cause wond] if ! emotion consum+ !m 7 really pure1 unmix$ love4 ,x has frequ5tly seem$ t !re 0 mix$ 9 a full portion ( hate4 ,! phrase1 8! love ( c\ntry10 cov]s a multitude ( s9s4 ,patriotism is a pure :ite light1 b seems to be "o 9 ! s5se t x c be brok5 up & any color desir$ extract$ f x4 ,love ( c\ntry1 9 view ( su* facts z ^!1 frequ5tly gets to look l some?+ n q ! same z ! exalt$ s5tim5t ( s*ool textbooks & ,f\r?-(-,july oratory4 ,& yet !re mu/ h be5 "s consid]ations t l$ to ! def9ition ( patriotism z ! love ( c\ntry4 ,out ( :at facts did ! def9ition gr[8 ,9 ! light ( all ! in/9cts1 habits1 & reasons ( patriotism1 :at does x seem t ! phrase 8! love ( c\ntry0 cov]s8 ,x seems obvi\s1 = "o ?+1 t patriotism is an attitude t[>d c\ntry4 ,x is easily se5 t 8c\ntry0 is a con/ant 9 ! ph5om5a ( patriotism4 ,! c\ntry is ! object ( ! patriot's emotions4 ,patriotism1 9 o!r words1 has to d ) 8"m c\ntry0 or 8fa!rl&40 ,& t is to say t patriotism is a feel+ ( nationality4 8,patriotism is ! s5tim5t 9 :i* consci\sness ( nationality normally expresses itself40#adc ,"o w\ld n "k :]e to look = patriotism at all if to beg9 ) he did n "k 9 a g5]al way t x 0 ?is nationali/ic s5tim5t4 ,g5]ically1 patriotism is l family pride1 civic pride1 team _s1 univ]sity _s1 & ! l2 specifically1 x is nationali/ic _s4 ,x might be necess>y t ?is be said only = ! sake ( complet5ess 7 !re n a confusion ( language on ! subject4 ,x is1 /rictly speak+1 a /range & metaphorical use ( words to talk ab\t 8patriots ( ! _w40 ,su* a comb9ation ( words may s]ve a useful purpose ( propag&ism 9 fur!r+ a desirable _s ( int]nationalism or cosmopolitanism1 & x may 9 "t take on ! fur!r connotation1 b x is n hi/orically accurate4 ,patriotism 9 its mean+ z a ^w & z a matt] ( fact has to d ) a c\ntry1 & x w s]ve to keep ?9k+ cle> if we hold ! t]m to its hi/orical mean+4 ,patriotism is ! s5tim5t ( atta*m5t to "o's national gr\p4 ,! quality ( ! s5tim5t impresses "o4 ,patriotism is n m]ely consci\sness ( nationality4 ,x is m active & explosive ?an t4 ,x is n ev5 su* an emotion z t ( ?ankfulness = ! c\ntry4 ,?ankfulness or joy1 is ! feel+ ( return+ soldi]s z !y l& back ^u ,am]ican %ores4 ,is t feel+ ( satisfaction ) ! homel& at gett+ back1 patriotism8 ,a k9d ( love ( c\ntry x may be said to be4 ,b ask ! man 9 ! /reet if x is patriotism1 & he w hesitate4 ,he w1 h[ev]1 be q sure t x is n any?+ l z patriotic z ! acts ( ! same soldi]s 9 go+ across to ,europe1 or 9 break+ up sociali/ic p>ades aft] !y get back4 ,! m]e joy at be+ once m 9 ! bosom ( "o's c\ntry doesn't seem to be patriotism p> excell5ce4 ,!re appe>s to be a great diff]5ce betwe5 lik+ "o's c\ntry & lov+ x4 ,! immigrant may l 8 new home1 l x bett] ?an any o!r1 & /ill n be patriotic4 ,:at is x t mu/ be add$ to turn ! lik+ ( c\ntry into patriotism8 ,patriots dem& homage to ! c\ntry4 ,fai? mu/ be %[n by works4 ,patriotism is a passion inspir+ active allegiance4 ,x is devotion t means s]vice1 if necess>y 8! s]vice40 ,! patriot is solicit\s = 8 native l&4 ,he n only pron\nces 8 c\ntry good2 he also wants "s good = x4 ,he is1 moreov]1 det]m9$ ^u t good4 ,t x be secur$ & ma9ta9$ is "p ( 8 rul+ purpose4 ,9 sum1 8 w is set ^u x4 ,patriotism has x z an ess5tial *>act]i/ic t x includes a w t[>ds "o's c\ntry4 ,:at is x t ! patriot wills8 ,briefly1 he is vitally int]e/$ 9 ! selfhood ( 8 c\ntry4 ,! ?\ght ( self z to ! c\ntry is always pres5t4 ,patriotism is ! w t ! c\ntry d "s su* ?+ z be1 rema91 express1 or develop itself4 ,! ?or\gh-go+ patriot 9 s f> z he is su*1 is int]e/$ 9 ! c\ntry1 ! :ole c\ntry1 & no?+ b ! c\ntry4#add ,x becomes ! ?is ( 8 consci\sness & affection4 ,he has j "o object 9 ! focus ( 8 int]e/s1 & t object is ?is c\ntry4 ,! patriot says1 8,?is1--?is is my own1 my native l&40 ,patriotism %[s an int5se s+l5ess ( affection4 ,! c\ntry = ! patriot is ! "o4 ,& n[1 ! fact t patriotism is a w t[>d ! c\ntry z x is 9 & = itself may be express$ 9 ano!r way by say+ t ! patriot has a w t[>d ! c\ntry z an individual1 & 8 w z to its selfhood is a w t[>d its individuality4 ,a self is an individual consid]$ z an id5tity4 ,! c\ntry has an individual place 9 ! patriot's he>t2 & he desires a s+l5ess ( ! c\ntry correspond+ to 8 s+l5ess ( affection4 ,love ( c\ntry has done :at all love does2 x has individualiz$ its object4 ,x makes its object ! "o1 ! individual1 ( its devotion4 ,x is ) c\ntry z ) woman4 ,a man c love b "o4#add ,x is ! "o to him4 ,& he wants x to be ! "o among all o!rs4 ,:at x means to him he wants x to be objectively4 ,& s patriotism may be describ$ z ! w to national individuality4 ,x is individualism express$ ^u ! national plane4 ,"o c see :at x is :5 he obs]ves ! reaction ( patriots to any sugge/ion t\*+ ! id5tity ( _! c\ntry4 ,opposition to ! proposal = a league ( nations is patriotism4 ,x is n>r[1 p]haps1 b nev]!less patriotism x is4 ,^? :o oppose ! idea are actuat$ by ! fe> t loyalty to ! league w develop at ! exp5se ( loyalty to ! nation4 ,! patriot feels = 8 c\ntry1 puts himself 9 its place1 & _c be> to see its selfhood or individuality impair$4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! w to individuality may exi/ 9 /rong measure :5 ! ext]nal basis = x seems to be weak1 & vice v]sa4 ,switz]l& has an active patriotism ) a het]og5e\s p1 :ile ,sw$5 has a weak] patriotism ) a homog5e\s p4 ,h[ev]1 ?is m]ely am\nts to say+ t patriotism is sometimes weak & sometimes /rong4 ,! nature ( patriotism rema9s ! same4 ,!re is simply a /rong] set ( /imuli urg+ x to express itself 9 ! "o case ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,& ! fact ( individuality is n exclusively ! /imulus to ! w to x4 ,!re might be a w to an individuality :i* z yet exi/$ only 9 ideal1 & !re c be a real individuality :i* leads only to a v weak f]vor = itself4 ,9 ! case ( ,switz]l& & ,sw$51 ! explanation is t ! ,swiss h _h to fight = _! id5tity mu* m ?an ! ,sw$i%4 ,!re mu/1 h[ev]1 be an actual individuality at lea/ possible 9 ord] to ju/ify ! w4 ,:at we are at pres5t conc]n$ ) is ! description ( patriotism z a s5tim5t4 ,:]e !re is patriotism x is su* z describ$1 :atev] ! /imuli may be4 ,national individuality is :at ! ,swiss aim at4 ,! next *apt] w take up ! "q ( :e!r or n patriotism f9ds a real individuality to re/ itself ^u4 ,an integrat+ spectroscope is a spectroscope ! slit ( :i* is illum9at$ by light f e "p ( ! s\rce "u exam9ation2 ?is concept ( ! w to national individuality is ! integrat+ spectroscope ( ! data ( patriotism4 ,b ! t]m individuality is an ela/ic "o4 ,x is necess>y t x %\ld be s4 ,x has to be able to cov] a great deal z a concept def9+ patriotism1 = ! manife/ations ( patriotism are v>i\s4 ,patriotism is s manifold t ! limits ( ! def9ition _c be drawn too closely4 ,individuality is a compreh5sive t]m4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 compreh5sible4 ,:at does x mean8 ,:at are ! ma9 =ms t ! w to national individuality takes8 ,& are ! ma9 =ms ( patriotism discov]$ 9 ! answ] to t "q8 ,does a k ( ! *>act]i/ics ( an individual furni% ! mat]ial = ! und]/&+ ( ! t5d5cies ( patriotism8 ,! fir/ *>act]i/ic ( an individual is t x is unique4 ,?is proposition is agre$ ^u by practically all philosoph]s :atev] may be ! s*ool ( metaphysics to :i* !y belong4 ,all w\ld agree ) ,royce1 = in/ance1 9 say+ t1 8,an individual is unique4 ,!re is no o!r ( its individual k9d4 ,if ,socrates is an individual1 !n !re is only "o ,socrates 9 ! univ]se4 ,if y are an individual1 !n 9 reality !re is no o!r precisely capable ( tak+ y\r place4 ,if ,god is an individual1 !n1 z e?ical mono!ism began by say+1 ,!re is no ,o!r40#ade 8,tak5 individually0 means tak5 sep>ately4 ,individuality means1 9 "s s5se1 sep>at5ess4 ,an individual case is a di/9ct or isolat$ case4 ,:51 !re=e1 "o dem&s t he be all[$ to be an individual1 he means t he dem&s ! "r to be & rema9 himself4 ,& j ?is is a fundam5tal dem& 9 patriotism4 ,x is ( no use to tell a c\ntry1 ev5 ?\gh x seems to o!rs an insignificant "o1 t x w be bett] (f 9 ano!r c\ntry2 t its citiz5s c\ld enjoy to a great] ext5t ! physical satisfactions ( life2 & t !y w be able to %>e 9 a great] kultur4 ,!y w n li/54 ,!y d n wi% to live m com=tably z animals2 !y d n wi% to live "u ! gis ( "s "o else's greatness1 no matt] h[ great t may be4 ,an individual w h>dly cons5t to unself himself4 ,! citiz5s ( any c\ntry wi% to be !mselves1 & reta9 _! own national individuality4 ,vebl5#adf sugge/s t s f> z creature com=ts are conc]n$1 we might all be fairly well (f if we volunt>ily surr5d]$ to ,g]many4 ,art might also be fur!r$4 ,& 9 view ( ! high co/ ( resi/ance1 s ,vebl5 says1 x might be well to accept ! ,g]man imp]ial rule4 ,b ,vebl5 also kn[s t no nation w li/5 to 8 proposal4 ,& :y8 ,x is simply because we d n live prim>ily = creature com=ts1 or t a classical sci5ce & philosophy %\ld be develop$4 ,self-pres]vation is ! fir/ law ( nature4 ,we want to exi/1 & exi/ z sep>ate & unique4 ,we want to be ourselves1 & h an individuality t has a cont9u\s hi/ory ( its own4 ,at its l[e/ t]ms1 ! w to individuality is a w to live4 ,france w n li/5 to a c\nsel to negate t w2 nei!r w ,belgium2 nei!r w ,brita92 nei!r w ,am]ica2 & nei!r w ,g]many4 ,patriotism seeks to make ! c\ntry unique2 t v w itself becomes a factor mak+ = ! uniqu5ess ( ! c\ntry4 ,! c\ntry is :at ! patriot wills2 x is 82 he *]i%es x2 & 9 its place he w accept no o!r4 ,! w to uniqu5ess1 :i* is a =m ( ! w to individuality1 does 9 fact turn out to be "o ( ! important =ms ( patriotism4 ,9 ! second place1 an individual is a unit>y be+4 ,x is "o :ole1 an individuum4 ,9 comp>ison ) o!rs1 x is sep>ate2 9 its own inn] con/itution1 x is a unity4 ,x is "o 9 bo? its ext]nal & int]nal relations4 ,unity is ( two grades1 simple & complex4 ,! simple unity means solid>ity & t 9 ! la/ analysis ! individual _c be fur!r subdivid$4 ,an atom w\ld be an individual ( ?is k9d4 ,b 9 our actual exp]i5ce we d n meet ) su* individuals4 ,:at we ord9>ily mean by an individual is n t :i* is su* by virtue ( its indivisibility4 ,tak5 j z a physical fact1 x is divisible4 ,x is :5 we take x z a fact ( mean+ t we see :at we ord9>ily h 9 m9d z an individual4 ,an individual is su* because no?+ c be subtract$ f x )\t de/roy+ its di/9ctive "*4 ,x is a unity n because ( physical indivisibility1 n because x is a simple unit1 b because1 ev5 9 complexity1 x has 9 x a pr9ciple ( unity4 ,! ri*ness ( v>iety 9 x only contributes to ! ri*ness ( its individuality4 ,bosanquet has made ! di/9ction betwe5 ! two k9ds ( individuals4 8,individuality1 x has be5 said1 has prima facie two extremes4 ,an #8atom' may claim x1 on ! gr\nd t x is less ?an c be divid$2 a _w may claim x1 on ! gr\nd t its positive nature is ru9$ if any?+ is add$ or tak5 away40#adg ,9 ano!r place he says t an individuality is 8a _w self-complete40#adh ,! pr9ciple t individuality means unity & ! di/9ction betwe5 ! two k9ds ( unity are well summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ quotation3 8,t individuality always involves "s sort ( unity w h>dly be d5i$4 ,t :i* is 9 no s5se "o is 9 no s5se an individual2 & ! m truly a ?+ c be call$ "o1 ! m truly c x be call$ an individual4 ,we mu/ di/+ui%1 h[ev]1 betwe5 two aspects ( unity1--! quantitative aspect or num]ical unity1 & ! qualitative aspect or inn] coh]5ce40#adi ,! atom 0 an example ( num]ical individuality2 ! qualitative individual w\ld be exemplifi$ 9 ! life ( a man4 ,a human be+ c ( c\rse be r5t limb f limb1 b s f> z bodily life is conc]n$ he ceases !n to be a man2 8 id5tity z a human individual has be5 de/roy$4 ,n[ a c\ntry is an individual by virtue ( be+ a qualitative unity4 ,x is a unity 9 diff]5ce4 ,ari/otle says3 8,a /ate is n made up only ( s _m m51 b ( diff]5t k9ds ( m52 = simil>s d n con/itute a /ate40#aej ,! unity ( a c\ntry is n a simple b a complex unity4 ,x is (t5 q rudim5t>y1 b its ess5tials are !re1 if !re is any c\ntry at all4 ,& ^? ess5tials may be develop$4 ,!y at lea/ exi/ z ! mat]ial = an ideal unity4 ,national individuality1 to be sure1 is (t5 an ideal r ?an a pres5t fact4 ,b ! patriot holds j ?is unity ( 8 c\ntry 9 ideal1 & /rives t[>ds x4 ,8 is a w to national unity1 national individuality4 ,!re 7 9 ! revolution>y p]iod two movem5ts develop+ side by side1--! movem5ts t[>ds indep5d5ce & unity4 ,wa%+ton 0 a patriot n only because he s\ght = sep>ation f ,engl&1 b because he consi/5tly c\nsell$ unity z among ! colonies4 ,l9coln 0 a patriot n 9 ! s5se t he /ood = ! sep>ation ( 8 c\ntry f o!r c\ntries 7!re 0 no call = t71 b 9 t he /ood = ! pres]vation ( ! unity ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he pres]v$ ! ,union4 ,! nationali/ic movem5ts ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 9 ,europe 7 direct$ 9 l>ge "p t[>ds unity4 ,! ,g]mans & ,italians /rove to ! end t all _! p might be unit$4 ,^? movem5ts 7 /ruggles = national unity1 & h5ce /ruggles = national individuality4 ,! /imulus ( w> br+s out 9 supreme degree ! dem& ( ! patriot = national unity4 ,! pres5t w> has compell$ unity )9 ea* individual nation to an unp>allel$ ext5t4 ,! :ole population 9 ea* c\ntry has _h to be organiz$ = ! w>4 ,! civil & milit>y populations are n n[ z di/9ct z !y once 74 8,! w> is wag$ n only by ! soldi] b by ! bak]1 ! manufactur]1 ! eng9e]1 ! f>m]1 ! small inve/or1 ! wom54 ,unless1 !re=e1 ! emotions ( ! entire c\ntry c be key$ up to volunte] pit* & ma9ta9$ at ! po9t ( fight+ effici5cy1 ! w> ma*9e loses mom5tum40#aea ,! patriot sees ! necessities ( ! times1 & insi/s ^u absolute unity4 ,x is ! =m t 8 w to national individuality !n takes4 ,! patriot ought1 h[ev]1 to rememb] t unity does n mean solid>ity1 & t a true individual is n "o :i* has to be ma9ta9$ by ! suppression ( all diff]5ces4 ,! patriot insi/s s /rongly ^u unity1 no d\bt1 because he believes t to act z "o is ! only way 9 :i* ! national individuality c be pres]v$4 ,b he %\ld rememb]1 z "s "o has rem>k$1 t 8a solid front does n necessitate a solid head40 ,! unity ( patriotism is "o ( w1 & moreov] is "o ( good w4 ,!re _c be national unity on any basis t ignores t fact4 ,! hone/ pacifi/ %\ld be treat$ accord+ly4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is no reason :y ! pacifi/ %\ld be made ! recipi5t ( peculi> honors or ! object ( special solicitude4 ,he has ?r[n 8 op9ion into ! ar5a ( human affairs1 & w h to take 8 *ances4 ,& he 9 8 turn %\ld rememb] t ! patriot is fight+ = priceless possessions1 m valuable ?an any mat]ial possessions1 8 own individuality & ! individuality ( 8 c\ntry4 ,if ! pacifi/ has a "r to insi/ ^u 8 op9ion1 he mu/ accord ! patriot ! same "r to insi/ ^u 84 ,:at w take place if ! patriot happ5s to h a l>ge majority1 & deems x mo/ fair to enact a selective draft law8 ,! pacifi/ c d no o!r ?an insi/ ^u 8 inmo/ convictions4 ,b nei!r c ! patriot4 ,!re is inevitably a cla%1 & ! problem is to be solv$ n only z a "q ( "r1 b also ( exp$i5cy4 ,x may easily be mo/ exp$i5t1 x usually is s1 = ! patriot to grant easy t]ms to ! pacifi/4 ,& ! latt]'s "r to free spee* & agitation1 z long z he does n actually break or incite to ! break+ ( a law1 is really indisputable4 ,b ! dang] to national individuality may be great4 ,x is conceivable t an aggressive enemy may be at ! v doors4 ,9 t case1 ! noncon=mi/ w h to become 9 "s s5se a m>tyr4 ,if 8 c\ntry ne$s him1 he ought ei!r to s]ve or pay ! p5alty4 ,he might h to suff] imprisonm5t4 ,or he might f9d x wise/ & mo/ effective to m>tyr 8 convictions to ! ext5t ( p]=m+ "s patriotic s]vice1 ev5 to be>+ arms4 ,! fact t ! majority diff]s f him might well be an indication t he is wrong1 & t he %\ld revise 8 op9ions or at lea/ n insi/ ^u !m too /rongly2 & moreov]1 if "o m>tyrs 8 convictions to ! ext5t ( help+ w9 ! w>1 he may expect !n to get a m ready he>+ = 8 op9ions4 ,"o is always li/5$ to m respectfully :5 he has id5tifi$ himself ) ! gr\p ?an :5 he has cut himself (f f x4 ,con=mity = ! pres5t might prove ! be/ me?od ( mak+ 8 ideals effective 9 ! long run4 ,x is (t5 easi] to "w f ! inside ?an f ! outside4 ,! *ick )9 ! %ell is 9 ! v be/ position 9 ! _w = break+ ?r\gh x4 ,b ! ess5tial po9t is t patriotism insi/s on unity )9 ! nation4 ,!re is no nation engag$ 9 ! w> :i* is n insi/+ ^u ! utmo/ unity ( action & ev5 ( ?\ght4 ,& ?is re/s back ^u ! unity t _h already really be5 develop$4 ,if ea* c\ntry _h n develop$ & m>%al$ its res\rces to su* an ext5t 9 peace "t1 !y c\ld n be s mobiliz$ 9 w> "t1 & inde$ !re w\ld be no ne$ = x2 ! enemy w\ld n be br++ su* res\rces to be>4 ,x is j ! v complexity & unity 9 complexity 9 mod]n nations t makes w> s dra/ic1 & makes x s necess>y t nei!r side %\ld neglect ! br++ ( any ( its res\rces to be> ^u ! wag+ ( ! w>4 ,! w to unity1 a =m ( ! w to individuality1 is q *>act]i/ic ( patriotism4 ,a *>act]i/ic ( individuality 9 human be+s & _! in/itutions is t an individual is self-direct+2 its de/9y is work$ out f )94 ,! foll[+ quotation sums up :at is meant3 8,we pass on to ! ?ird factor 9 individuality4 ,we h spok5 ( x z complet5ess or self-suffici5cy2 b 9 its high] degrees x may also be call$ self-direction4 ,t "s measure ( indep5d5ce is ess5tial to our notion ( individuality w h>dly be que/ion$40#aeb ,! phrase 8h "s individuality0 means1 9 "p at lea/1 t "o make 8 actions ! expression ( 8 own true self4 ,x means to ?9k & act = oneself4 ,if "o does n d t1 we say t he is n a real individual4 ,if "o is n self-direct+1 & is subject to ! w ( ano!r1 8 individuality is1 9 s f>1 tak5 f him1 & he becomes a "p ( ! individuality ( t o!r4 ,if he is integrat$ 9 ! o!r's w1 he really 9 a true s5se ceases to be ev5 unique4 ,fite says3 8,z a spiritual individual ,i am f\nd 9 e action t expresses my mean+1 :e!r x be t ( my h&1 my typewrit]1 my s]vant1 or my political p>ty2 & any object t refuses to express my mean+1 ?\gh x be a memb] ( my own body1 is s f> n truly myself40#aec ,x foll[s t "o has to be free & indep5d5t to be an individual4 ,& ?is is ! reason t fre$om is s preci\s2 n because ! free man w live 9 bett] mat]ial circum/ances1 b because he wants to be an individual4 ,he wants to be himself1 & h 8 *ance ( work+ out 8 life 9 8 own way4 ,& patriotism involves j ?is dem& = lib]ty4 ,! patriot wants 8 c\ntry to be free4 ,x mu/1 to satisfy him1 be n only a recognizable sep>ate unit z among ! peoples ( ! _w1 b mu/ run its own affairs4 ,he wants x to be self-direct+ & autonom\s4 ,he _c be> to h 8 c\ntry us$ z a ?+1 or a m]e piece ( me*anism at ! m]cy ( ano!r's w4 ,any "o :o is patriotic 9 ,*9a w n be satisfi$ ) a situation :]e any =eign p[] has concessions ov] p>ts ( 8 c\ntry's soil4 ,weak gov]nm5ts frequ5tly f9d x necess>y to gu>d _! neutrality1 & !y d x jeal\sly because ! patriotic _s w n p]mit !m to all[ o!rs to put !m 9 subjection z a means to ! fur!rance ( ali5 designs4 ,belgium is an in/ance4 ,belgium does n want to be a roadway or ! battlefield ( ,europe4 ,%e does n want to be a pawn 9 a game4 ,%e wants h] t]ritory to be ! expression ( h] own free life4 ,to /& = h] neutrality is to /& = h] sov]eignty1 & to ass]t h]self4 ,belgium might utt]ly p]i%1 b 9 do+ s1 %e w\ld h ass]t$ h]self1 & %e w\ld r die 9 t magnific5t self-ass]tion ?an to be ! tool ( ano!r4 ,x is n (t5 t a suppos$ly sov]eign p[] w1 l ,luxemburg1 all[ its neutrality to be disreg>d$ )\t a /ruggle4 ,presid5t ,wilson und]/ood ! s5sitiv5ess ( patriots :5 he insi/$ t no =eign troops %\ld be l&$ 9 ,russia )\t h] cons5t4 ,patriotism is (t5 ?\ght ( altoge!r z ! fight = fre$om4 ,! patriot insi/s ^u ! fre$om1 ! autonomy1 ! sov]eignty ( 8 c\ntry2 ! w to self-direction is "o ( ! mov+ =ces ( patriotism4 ,to be a true individual is to h "s significance ( "o's own4 ,individuality comes to mean m>k$ individuality4 ,x /&s = ! opposite ( ! quality ( be+ common4 ,! phrase 8h "s individuality0 (t5 means to h some?+ = :i* "o /&s1 & some?+ t is really significant 9 ! _w4 ,x means t "o's activities %\ld be ! expression ( a life plan :i* is 81 & :i* has real value4 ,?is *>act]i/ic takes a /ep beyond ^? ( m]e sep>at5ess & indep5d5ce4 ,:5 we say ( "o t he has no individuality1 we d n mean t he is n num]ically sep>ate f o!r m51 b1 9 "p at lea/1 t he has no life plan :i* is specially 8 own4 ,he has no significance4 ,! man :o is an individual is "o :o has a specific "*4 ,& if he prides himself ^u be+ an individual he wants to 8be somebody40 ,he has 8self-respect40 ,he reg>ds himself z significant4 ,he wants n only to c\nt z "o2 he wants to c\nt4 ,&1 aga91 ?is is a *>act]i/ic ( patriotism4 ,patriotism is a w to be nationally significant4 ,x is national pride4 ,x is national ambition1 a w to self-respect & ! respect ( o!rs1 a w to national /&+1 greatness1 di/9ction1 importance1 p[]4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is w to be significant is :y nations are s s5sitive on po9ts ( honor & pre/ige4 ,_! national significance is l[]$ if !y all[1 let u say1 a public insult to g unav5g$4 ,x is a reason :y nations _c back d[n 9 a w> :5 x once gets />t$1 & :y !y c all be = peace aft] ! w>1 b n :ile x is be+ wag$4 ,national significance1 z national significance n[ goes1 w n p]mit !m to d o!r ?an w9 ! w>4 ,?is is :y /ates l to reg>d !mselves z 8p[]s10 = x is z a 8p[]0 t a nation f9ds itself significant 9 _w politics4 ,x is :y c\ntries fight = _! 8civilization40 ,! pr$om9ance ( _! civilization means ! fulfillm5t ( _! desire = national significance4 ,x is :y ! k ( ! hi/ory & lit]ature ( "o's c\ntry is likely to produce patriotism2 su* k creates bo? a conviction ( ! c\ntry's significance & ! desire to realize x fur!r4 ,! gr\nds ^u :i* a c\ntry ass]ts its significance is an important matt]4 ,z long z milit>y pr[ess & possession ( mu* t]ritory are e/eem$ to be ?+s ( great importance1 ! nations w /rive to be significant by be+ di/+ui%$ = ^? ?+s4 ,if ! ideals ( mank9d c be m l>gely turn$ to con/ructive activities1 ! nations w /rive to be significant along ^? l9es4 ,!re are patriots ^: ideals are ( ! latt] type4 ,!y seek ! int]nal developm5t ( _! c\ntry z a means ( mak+ x m wor? :ile & h5ce m significant4 ,! significance t !y seek is n m]ely t :i* glories 9 ! admiration & p]haps envy ( ! _w2 x is n a significance adjudg$ by a jury ( mank9d1 b "o t !y !mselves f9d 9 mak+ _! c\ntry approximate an ideal4 ,patriotism is ! w to be nationally significant2 ano!r ma9 *>act]i/ic ( ! w to individuality is :at is work+ 9 important manife/ations ( patriotism4 ,an individual1 at lea/ a f9ite individual1 is "o ( a community4 ,& its individuality1 !re=e1 re/s ^u a 8broad basis ( lik5ess40#aed ,! consci\s individual1 = in/ance1 does n /rive to make 8 individuality consi/ 9 absolute diff]5ce4 ,he wants to be diff]5t only )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,he does n want to be 8outl&i%40 ,he wants 9 c]ta9 broad ways to be l 8 fell[s4 ,he w\ld1 if x 7 call$ to 8 att5tion1 agree t 8 individuality re/$ 9 great measure ^u memb]%ip 9 8 community4 ,x is impossible = "o to avoid see+ ! fact t he is "o 9 a _w ) o!rs4 ,! human individual is a social animal4#aee ,& ?is fact is =mulative ( 8 v individuality4 ,fite says1 8,n only does 444 int]c\rse ) o!rs broad5 ! range ( y\r self-consci\sness2 x also furni%es ! basis ( contra/ ?r\gh :i* y become aw>e ( y\rself1 & def9e y\rself1 & are enabl$ to ass]t y\rself z a di/9ct & unique individual40#aef ,two po9ts are involv$ 9 :at ,fite says4 ,fir/1 we become self-consci\s 9 contra/ ) o!rs2 we "k ourselves 9 t way4 ,second1 our own individuality becomes ri*] because o!rs exi/4 ,:at !y h become broad5s "o's own vision ( ! range ( human possibilities by s mu* ! m2 & t broad] vision enri*es & enl>ges "o's own life4 ,"o w1 !n1 f9d 8 life exp&$ by ! multiplication ( 8 social relations4 8,if our argum5t has %[n any?+1 x has %[n t ?r\gh ! ext5sion ( 8 social relations1 ! individual becomes1 n less1 b m ( an individual1 & acquires a great] individual fre$om40#aeg ,! high integration ( society is n necess>ily inimical to ! developm5t ( ! individual4 ,! fact is t z society has be5 build$ into l>g] :oles1 ! individual has also become m & m significant4 ,royce says1 8444 our "t %[s u t individualism & collectivism are t5d5cies1 ea* ( :i*1 z our social ord] gr[s1 int5sifies ! o!r40#aeh ,& ,royce draws ?is conclusion3 8,no individual human self c be sav$ except ?r\gh ! ceas+ to be a m]e individual40#aei ,! exi/5ce ( o!rs has important consequ5ces = "o's practical attitude t[>d life4 ,:5 "o becomes aw>e ( su* exi/5ce he c no long] act z if x 7 n4 8,:5 ,i h p]ceiv$ ev5 a *air /&+ 9 my way ,i c no long] proce$ z if x 7 n !re40#afj ,& "o's conduct w usually be m radically *ang$ :5 x is human individuals t are 9 ! way4 ,! same k :i* %[s "o himself %[s him also o!r human be+s :o are j z real & important z himself1 & ^u ! basis ( t k he c logically & e?ically f9d no good reason = treat+ !m m]ely z means = ! fur!rance ( 8 own int]e/s4 ,he _c simply walk ov] !m z if !y 7 n !re4 ,b if "o is ev5 wise1 he w adopt no su* ru?less plan ( life4 ,he w realize t consid]ation = o!rs is be/ = himself4 ,he w n only h less tr\ble1 b he w also f9d 8 individuality enri*$ by 8 int]c\rse ) o!r free be+s :o h _! own mean+4 ,"o _c be a positive reality unless 8 neighbors are also4 ,& if ^! ?+s are true1 x means t ! int]e/s ( ! individuals ( a community may be h>moniz$4 ,:5 ea* "o und]/&s 8 own true nature1 he at ! same "t realizes t 8 own good is be/ f\nd 9 h>mony ) ! o!rs ( 8 community4 ,individualism1 rightly int]pret$1 atta9s ! results desir$ by ^? :o place ! emphasis ^u collectivism4 ,h[ison says3 8,! v quality ( p]sonality is1 t a p]son is a be+ :o recognizes o!rs z hav+ a reality z unque/ionable z 8 own1 & :o ?us sees himself z a memb] ( a moral republic1 /&+ to o!r p]sons 9 an immutable relation%ip ( reciprocal duties & rights1 himself end[$ ) dignity1 & ackn[l$g+ ! dignity ( all ! re/40#afa ,?is is an ideal ( individuality z x appe>s 9 p]sons4 ,! enlight5$ individual is really conc]n$ ab\t f9d+ 8 prop] place 9 8 _w4 ,does patriotism recognize t individuality involves memb]%ip 9 a community8 ,does ! patriot actually wi% to realize ! individuality ( 8 c\ntry 9 t way8 ,! answ] is t he (t5 does4 ,!re are patriots :o h _! he>ts 9 ! desire t _! c\ntry be a good neighbor4 ,?is desire is1 ( c\rse1 n always pres5t 9 ! patriotic /ate ( m9d4 ,b nei!r are ! o!r *>act]i/ics ( individuality always inv>iably pres5t4 ,"s ( !m are always pres5t1 & toge!r !y make up ! w to individuality :i* is ! ess5ce ( patriotism4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t only too (t5 does ! patriot ?9k ( ! individuality ( 8 c\ntry z realiz$ ap>t f or at ! exp5se ( o!rs4 ,! m g5]\s notion ( patriotism is /ill z mu* a problem z a fact4 ,& yet1 9 times ( peace at lea/1 ! patriot sees ! good ( c\ntries o!r ?an 8 own4 ,x is a def5sible proposition t ev5 ! common man is capable ( & actually does possess su* vision4 ,c]ta9ly !re are examples ( illu/ri\s patriots 9 :om x is f\nd4 ,! foll[+ has be5 p5n$ conc]n+ ,pr(essor ,royce3 8444 8 e?ical idealism is be/ und]/ood z an int]pretation ( ! _s ( mod]n civilization z x _h f\nd expression 9 8 native l&4 ,n t !re 0 any?+ ( ! ,*auv9i/ 9 ,royce4 ,if !re 7 aught ( value 9 our social & political ideals x 0 due to ! fact t !y re/$ on pr9ciples t cross ! b\nd>ies betwe5 nations1 & might equally s]ve z ! basis ( t community ( nations to :i* he hopefully look$ =w>d40#afb ,b "o c also place 9 evid5ce ! v words ( "o ( ! greate/ patriots ( all "t1 ,joseph ,mazz9i4 ,mazz9i 0 devot$ to ! ideal ( s]v+ humanity4 ,he wrote to ! labor+ p ( 8 c\ntry3 8,y\r fir/ duties--fir/ z reg>ds importance--are1 z ,i h already told y1 t[>ds ,humanity4 ,y are m5 be=e y are ei!r citiz5s or fa!rs40#afc ,b he 0 also an ard5t patriot4 ,he 0 devot$ to ,italy1 to h] fre$om1 unity1 & significance4 ,& he ?\ght t ,italians1 l all o!r m51 c\ld s]ve humanity effectively only by be+ 9 association4 8,?is means ( effective association10 he says1 80 provid$ = y by ,god :5 he gave y a c\ntry2 :51 z a wise ov]se] ( labor di/ributes ! v>i\s bran*es ( employm5t accord+ to ! diff]5t capacities ( ! workman1 he divid$ ,humanity into di/9ct gr\ps or nuclei ^u ! face ( ! e>?1 ?us creat+ ! g]m ( ,nationalities40#afd ,! duty ( a nation 0 to be ! s]vant ( humanity1 b t 0 also its glory & its "r to be4 ,patriotism & int]nationalism 7 complem5t>y4 8,9 lab\r+ = our own c\ntry on ! "r pr9ciple1 we lab\r = ,humanity4 ,our c\ntry is ! fulcrum ( ! lev] we h to wield = ! common good4 ,if we ab&on t fulcrum1 we run ! risk ( r5d]+ ourselves useless n only to humanity1 b to our c\ntry itself4 ,be=e m5 c associate ) ! nations ( :i* humanity is compos$1 !y mu/ h a ,national exi/5ce4 ,!re is no true association except among equals4 ,x is only ?r\gh our c\ntry t we c h a recogniz$ collective exi/5ce40#afe ,?is1 !n1 patriotism q (t5 actually is4 ,& once m1 9 its positive recognition ( ! c\ntry z truly "o ( a community1 patriotism turns out to be ! work+ ( ! w to national individuality4 ,?is la/ phase is an altrui/ic =m ( ! w4 ,! concept ( ! w to national individuality1 d]iv$ f ! popul> def9ition ( patriotism z ! love ( c\ntry & wr\ght out 9 ! light ( ! data :i* clu/]s ab\t t popul> idea1 proves to be a sem9al pr9ciple4 ,if "o foll[s out ! v>i\s =ms ( ! w1 he comes to ! ma9 =ms ( patriotism4 ,he c\ld1 by a k ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! w to individuality1 =etell 9 g5]al :at ! manife/ations ( patriotism w\ld be f\nd to be4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,nation ,,z ,,an ,,individual ,patriotism is ! w to national individuality4 ,:at ju/ification = its exi/5ce is !re 9 ! gr\ndwork ( fact8 ,is !re really any individuality = ! w to re/ itself ^u8 ,is ! c\ntry an individual8 ,!re are ^? :o d5y t patriotism really has any?+ objective to fe$ ^u4 ,x is h>d1 !y say1 to f9d any?+ t ! flag /&s = or to :i* "o addresses 8 *oral *ant :5 he s+s1 8,my ,c\ntry6 'tis ( !e40 ,!y ask :at "o's c\ntry c mean to him4 ,:5 "o speaks ( c\ntry1 is he n ?9k+ ( t spot ( e>? :i* he calls home1 ^? activities & in/itutions :i* he has se5 work+ 9 8 own community1 or p]haps only ! map8 ,a c\ntry z big z ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = example1 c h>dly be said to be appreciat$ by ! m9d ( a s+le man4 ,mo/ ( ! c\ntry no "o has ev] ev5 se54 ,! 8collective m9d0 is %[n to be a fiction4 ,a p does n =m a 8p]son10 b rema9s only a gr\p ( individuals4 ,& ! coroll>y seems to be t ! only gr\nd on :i* to posit a nation has be5 tak5 away4 ,! /ate is said to be unreal & artificial4 ,peoples may be ! product ( hi/ory2 a /ate c be made 9 a day4 ,ponsonby looks ^u a nation z su* a con/ruction3 8,a nation is n 9 its composition prim>ily a geographical nor a racial1 b a political unit4444 ,x mu/ be able to uphold its indep5d5t political sov]eignty40#aff ,)\t ! necessity = a common def5se1 t is1 !re w\ld be no nation4 ,*>les ,k+sley rem>k$ 9 ! preface to "o ( 8 books t :ile !re c be loyalty to a k+ or a que51 !re _c be loyalty to "o's c\ntry4#afg ,& s x is t a 8c\ntry0 is an ab/raction4 ,= ! ord9>y patriot at lea/ !re really is no su* ?+4 ,! c\ntry is n an individual1 & !re is no individuality 9 x = ! citiz5 to re/ 8 patriotism ^u4 ,patriotism is ?us left up 9 ! air4 ,n[ "o is n driv5 to ! extreme view ( ! nation z a 8p]son0 9 ord] to answ] ! criticisms sugge/$ 9 ! =ego+4 ,t ! /ate is a 8p]son0 is a well-kn[n !ory4 ,x is held by ^? impress$ by ! philosophy ( ,hegel4 ,x is reflect$ ev]y:]e 9 ! t]ms !y use4 ,!y talk con/antly ( su* ?+s z a 8collective m9d0 & a 8g5]al w40 ,b ! /ate is n p]sonal 9 ! s5se 9 :i* human be+s are p]sonal4 ,we expect a p]son to h a body1 a bra91 & a n]v\s sy/em4 ,a /ate or nation has none su*4 ,b a ?+ does n h to be a p]son 9 ord] to be an individual4 ,n all individuals are p]sonal4 ,all individuals h inn] unity4 ,! nation has su* unity1 & x is ?is :i* ! philosoph]s feel ^: !ory has j be5 describ$4 ,!y are ! 8unity philosoph]s40 ,& !y feel a unity 9 a /ate :i* !y seek to describe 9 t]ms ( p]sonality4 ,we all feel ! unity4 ,= in/ance1 we assume a cont9uity z exi/5t 9 a c\ntry4 ,ev5 a democratic c\ntry mu/ ?r\gh successive adm9i/rations employ ! same policy abroad4 ,only we d n feel x necess>y to describe ! unity 9 t]ms ( p]sonality4 ,! conception ( organization w s]ve to expla9 ! unity we f9d 9 ! nation4 ,:at ! organization is l is fur!r to appe>4 ,an indication t a great p =ms a unit is ! fact t x is a gr[?4 ,! ties t b9d ! nation toge!r are1 9 a l>g] sph]e1 v mu* l ^? t b9d toge!r ! family & ! tribe4 ,! ties ( k9%ip 7 likely ! fir/ t b\nd toge!r associations ( m54 ,p]haps :at fir/ appe>$ 0 an undiff]5tiat$ horde4 ,b at lea/ ! family mu/ h be5 ! fir/ ( any close associations ( m54 ,! great majority ( /ud5ts are unit$ on ?is po9t4 ,mc,dougall says3 8,primitive human society 0 probably a comp>atively small gr\p ( ne> blood relatives40#afh ,gre5 says1 8,e =m ( "r fir/ appe>$ )9 societies f\nd$ on k9%ip1 ^! be+ naturally ! societies )9 :i* ! con/ra9+ conception ( a common well be+ is fir/ op]ative40#afi ,sumn]'s words reflect 8 view3 8,! k9 tie1 :i* _h be5 ! primitive mode ( association & coh]5ce 9 gr\ps1 began to break d[n 9 ! six? c5tury1 ,b4 ,c41 9 ,greece4 ,x 0 sup]s$$ by ! social tie ( a common religi\s fai? & ritual4 ,! ,py?agorean & ,orphic sects develop$ ?is tie40#agj ,! religi\s bond succe$$ ! k9 tie 9 ?is case4 ,! well-knit /ate or polis seems to h come ev5 lat]4 ,at any rate1 civil units come lat] ?an k9 units1 & gr[ out ( !m4 ,! ,eskimos n[ h no civil organization outside ( ! family4 ,b x is only 9 backw>d areas t no l>g] unit ?an t ( ! family has aris54 ,a process ( integration has be5 work+1 & x is a process :i* has result$ 9 nations4 ,sp5c] speaks on ?is po9t1 8444 ,9 ! e>lie/ /age ( civilization1 :5 ! repulsive =ce is /rong & ! aggressive =ce weak1 only small communities are possible2 a modification ( "* causes ^! tribes1 & satrapies1 & g5tes & feudal lord%ips1 & clans1 to coalesce into nations40#aga ,friction & gr[+ int]e/s betwe5 families w\ld 9 "s cases draw !m toge!r into a tribe2 ! same process w\ld draw tribes into a nation4 ,! conception t holds ^! societies toge!r is t ( a common well-be+4 ,b ! conception fir/ arose 9 a natural gr\p1 ! family1 & 0 gradually ext5d$ ?r\gh ! tribe & up to ! nation4 ,gre5 po9ts out t :ile =ce has be5 us$ 9 ! =mation ( /ates1 8x has only =m$ /ates z x has op]at$ 9 & ?r\gh a pre-exi/+ m$ium ( political1 or tribal1 or family rights40#agb ,a p is a natural product ( natural =ces4 ,x at lea/ is n an artificial creation4 ,n[ a nation is =m$ :5 a p is organiz$ "u an in/itution1 a /ate4 ,:at ( ! /ate8 ,is x an artificial creation8 ,x is *>g$ t /ates come to be ends 9 !mselves1 cut !mselves (f f ! p1 & cause w>s ov] artificial values4 ,"s philosoph]s1 ^? :o uphold ! high sov]eignty ( ! /ate1 9 capital lett]s1 really id5tify ! /ate ) ! nation4 ,if ?is view be accept$ ! :ole case ( ! critics ( ! /ate z artificial is1 ( c\rse1 at once dispos$ (4 ,b ! /ate is n id5tical ) ! nation4 ,a /ate may embrace sev]al nations4 ,! ,briti% empire is su* a sup]-national /ate4 ,! /ate is an in/itutional organization4 ,& yet !re is good gr\nd ^u :i* to ma9ta9 t ! /ate is n an artificial creation4 ,z a p is a gr[? s also is ! /ate4 ,x is true1 z is sometimes ass]t$1 t /ates c be made 9 a day & t !re c be artificial /ates1 t is1 /ates n re/+ ^u a homog5e\s p1 b x is n true t ! /ate 0 made 9 a day4 ,z a p1 ! raw mat]ial ( a nation1 grew out ( ! family & tribe units1 s ! /ate :i* is ! in/itution ( a p1 grew out ( ! political in/itutions ( ! family & ! tribe4 ,! fir/ in/itutions ( m51 z = in/ance t ( ! family1 7 probably ! result ( natural unreflective cop]ation4 ,!y result$ almo/ z d ! effects ( a natural law4 ,! actions :i* gave rise to !m 7 9 a way l ! tropisms ( primitive organisms4 8,g5u9ely primitive association mu/ h be5 bl9d1 )\t =e?\ght ( advantage to ^? p>ticipat+40#agc ,^u ^! unreflective associations /ates grew1 also )\t =e?\ght on ! :ole1 al?\gh "s reflection no d\bt ent]$ into ! process4 ,sp5c] says1 8,m5 did n delib]ately e/abli% political arrangem5ts1 b grew into !m unconsci\sly--probably _h no conception ( an associat$ condition until !y f\nd !mselves 9 x40#agd ,m5 did n g ab\t x delib]ately to =m a /ate z repres5t$ 9 ! contract !ory ( ,hobbes1 b wak$ up to f9d !y 7 9 a /ate :i* _h gr[n out ( _! actions 9 pursuance ( satisfaction = _! ne$s4 ,! /ate did n prec$e man's political "*1 b arose out ( x4 ,m5 recogniz$ common rights & duties1 & ! /ate arose 9 _! ef=ts to safegu>d & give expression to !m4 ,?us ,gre5 says1 8,! /ate1 or ! sov]eign z a *>act]i/ic in/itution ( ! /ate1 does n create rights1 b gives full] reality to rights already exi/+4 ,x secures & ext5ds ! ex]cise ( p[]s1 :i* m51 influ5c$ 9 deal+ ) ea* o!r by an idea ( common good1 _h recogniz$ 9 ea* o!r z capable ( direction to t common good1 & _h already 9 a c]ta9 measure secur$ to ea* o!r 9 consequ5ce ( t recognition40#age ,! maturity ( nations has come 9 ! mod]n p]iod4 ,likewise patriotism1 9 ! /rong degree 9 :i* we "k x1 is comp>atively mod]n4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,g]many1 ,italy are mod]n /ates4 ,tribal loyalty 0 once ! /ronge/ bond4 ,b ! tribe settl$ d[n to & came to rule a def9ite ext5t ( t]ritory4 ,localiz$ tribes =m$ small units ( gov]nm5t4 ,! gov]nm5t 0 n ! repres5tative ( ! w ( ! :ole p1 b express$ ! w ( ! man or small gr\p ( m5 /rong en\gh to possess ! seat ( au?ority4 ,gradually gov]nm5t became m repres5tative4 ,9 "t small /ates arose4 ,!re 7 su* city-/ates z ,a!ns4 ,^! small /ates did n organize all ! p ( ! same race z ^? "u _! jurisdiction4 ,& :5 !y 7 enl>g$ by conque/1 !y 7 repres5tative ( only a comp>atively small gr\p ne> ! seat ( gov]nm5t4 ,all conque/s 7 rul$ f ! outside & f ! height ( sup]ior p[]4 ,?is p[] became capable ( trem5d\s ext5sion4 ,! city ( ,rome became rul] ( a l>ge empire4 ,!n ensu$ ! m$ival p]iod 9 :i* ! notion ( ca?olicity 0 dom9ant1 & 9 ^: political ?9k+ ! all-inclusive & sov]eign empire 0 ! ideal4 ,! p]iod ( nationalism _h n yet come4 ,! empires ( ,rome & ( ,*>lemagne 7 n nations4 ,_! /r5g? dep5d$ n ^u ! _s ( ! :ole1 b ^u ! exi/5ce ( a /rong =ce at ! c5t]4 ,! fact %\ld be not$ t ! dialectic t[>d nationalism has n be5 9 a simple /raight l9e4 ,sometimes !re h be5 cases ( dissolution on ! "p ( l>ge & /rong integrations ( gov]nm5t4 ,b on ! :ole !re is a pretty cle> movem5t t[>d l>g] & l>g] gov]nm5tal integrations1 & ^! integrations h 9 ! ma9 be5 =c$ to foll[ ! build+ up ( peoples4 ,! m$ival empires fell4 ,! papacy became di/ru/$ z a corrupt & tyrannical =eign p[]4 ,! bloody *aos ( feudalism became unbe>able4 ,! ,crusades acqua9t$ m5 ) o!rs :o 7 l or unlike !mselves4 ,! ,r5aissance height5$ ! emotions ( m51 & prep>$ ! soil = nationali/ic passion4 ,peoples became weld$ toge!r1 & at ! beg9n+ ( ! mod]n p]iod nations em]g$ :i* took up into !mselves ! feudali/ic e/abli%m5ts & city-/ates :i* _h fl\ri%$ dur+ ! ,middle ,ages4 ,^! nations met ! ne$s ( m51 & p]si/$4 ,!y entr5*$ !mselves1 & ga!r$ =ce4 ,?us !y came to ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury :5 ! _s ( nationalism 0 fann$ into a consum+ flame by ! w>s ( ,napoleon1 & :5 aga9 ! nationali/ic passion 0 m9i/]$ to by ! romantic movem5t :i* ar\s$ once m ! emotional side ( human nature4 ,! cr[n+ height ( ! process has be5 rea*$ at ! pres5t "t :5 ! ,great ,w> has made nationali/ic loyalty ! rul+ passion ( mank9d4 ,a /ate1 !n1 is ! outgr[? ( ! life ( a p4 ,! p is a gr[?1 & ! /ate is an in/itution :i* has gr[n along ) ! p4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem z if !re 7 good indications = call+ ea* ( !m real4 ,:at makes a nation8 ,! elem5ts ( a nation %[ bo? objective reality & inn] unity4 ,!re are1 r\ghly1 ?ree ?+s :i* ent] into ! makeup ( a c\ntry4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is a p ) a common language1 cu/oms1 traditions1 hi/ory1 & l& ) its associations4 ,sometimes religion has be5 an elem5t4 ,9 ! case ( cultur$ peoples1 lit]ature has also be5 su*4 8,! dawn ( ,engli% nationality co9cid$ ) ! dawn ( a truly ,engli% lit]ature40#agf ,we h already se5 h[ su* a p gr[s4 ,x is a natural gr\p2 x is bas$ on in/9ctive association & ! /ress ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,! in/9cts ( patriotism are !mselves in/rum5tal 9 =m+ ! objective basis ( patriotism4 ,!y make = ! solid>ity ( a p4 ,?is p doesn't h to belong to "o race1 = x may be made up ( a fusion ( races4 ,!re may be a div]sity ( classes & int]e/s )9 ! nation4 ,x does n h to be absolutely homog5e\s1 = only a v small gr\p inde$ c\ld be su*4 ,simil>s d n con/itute a nation4 ,a c\ntry is a qualitative individual4 ,a unity c be obta9$ 9 div]se elem5ts4 ,! ?+s t h be5 nam$ seem to be suffici5t to weld toge!r su* a unity1 a p4 ,a p is an objective reality1 & "o ( ! bases ( a nation4 ,! second elem5t is an organization1 an in/itution1 9 o!r words1 a /ate4 ,! ,poles h a common language1 cu/oms1 traditions1 & l&1 b !y h no gov]nm5t ( _! own1 & d n =m a nation4 ,a nation comes into be+ :5 a /ate is =m$ by a p4 ,! /ate1 if a true "o1 gr[s out ( ! life ( ! p1 & is to ! p :at ! body is to ! s\l4 ,! /ate & ! p =m a unity4 ,moreov]1 ! in/itution is j z real z ! p & _! desires1 & ) ! p =ms ! objective basis ( a nation4 ,! ?ird elem5t is t ( a common consci\sness4 ,?is is built ^u & impli$ 9 ! conditions already nam$4 ,a p & a /ate are bo? ext]nal & int]nal facts4 ,! raw mat]ial ( :i* !y are =m$ is ext]nal & objective4 ,b t raw mat]ial does n come to its full mean+ until !re is add$ to x a consci\sness 9 :i* x is tak5 up 9 unity4 ,!re w\ld really be no unifi$ p & no /ate1 z ! expression ( unit$ political life1 9 spite ( ! ext]nal elem5ts :i* are necess>y to ! be+ ( p & /ate1 unless !re exi/$ 9 ! individuals' m9ds a common consci\sness or consci\sness ( community4 ,! v exi/5ce ( a common language te/ifies to ! exi/5ce ( a common consci\sness1 z d common cu/oms1 traditions1 hi/ory1 lit]ature1 & ideals4 ,a l& ev5 is some?+ :i* a p possesses1 & :i* furni%es a common bond betwe5 ! individuals ( ! gr\p4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! l& 0 lit]ally a common possession1 9 ! s5se t !re 0 no private prop]ty1 b own]%ip is n ! only way 9 :i* a p c h a common int]e/ 9 ! l&2 !re may be _m associations besides t ( common own]%ip connect$ ) x4 ,e/hetic appreciation is "o ( !m4 ,affection = ! sc5es ( *ildhood is ano!r4 ,es5we91 9 describ+ ! art ( ,gogol1 ! ,russian au?or1 uses ! foll[+ phrases3 8,r>ely d p[] & delicacy unite 9 a /yli/ z !y d 9 ,gogol4 ,= ! "o p[]1 we may f9d an orig9 9 8 love = ! sun-/eep$ & sn[-bl[n pla9s ( 8 native ,cossack c\ntry44440#agg ,:at gift$ writ]s h felt o!r m common folk h felt also4 ,^! ?+s1 !n1 imply a common consci\sness4 ,?is consci\sness is a recognition & ratification ( exi/+ int]relation%ips1 & su* a community ( ?\ght & feel+ & w is fundam5tally important 9 ! unity ( a nation4 8,no m]e int]action w con/itute a social relation4 ,nor yet an int]action ( o!rwise self-consci\s ag5ts4 ,n m]ely mu/ ea* ag5t "k himself1 he mu/ "k ! o!rs4444 ,unless !re be on bo? sides a p]fect consci\sness ( self & ( o!r1 & ( ! relations ( self & o!r--9 a ^w1 p]fect mutual und]/&+--!re w be1 s f>1 no completely social relation4 ,a social relation is a self-consci\s relation4444 ,9 o!r words1 society is con/itut$ by mutual und]/&+40#agh ,?is und]/&+ is t :i* enables ! gr\p to act z "o4 8,?r\gh ?is mutual k ! gr\p1 l ! individual1 is enabl$ to ass]t itself z an indep5d5t =ce40#agi ,mazz9i und]/ood t ! unity ( a c\ntry re/$ ^u a s5se ( on5ess 9 ! m9ds ( ! p3 8,c\ntry is n a m]e zone ( t]ritory4 ,! true c\ntry is ! ,idea to :i* x gives bir?2 x is ! ?\ght ( love1 ! s5se ( communion :i* unites 9 "o all ! sons ( t t]ritory40#ahj ,"h we get a sugge/ion reg>d+ ! unity ( ,switz]l&4 ,x is1 9 l>ge "p1 a unity 9 idea4 ,t is n say+ t x has no objective basis4 ,! ,swiss h a common l& & o!r bonds ( on5ess4 ,b ! /ronge/ bond seems to be t ( a conception ( common welf>e4 ,! unity ( ,switz]l& has1 ( c\rse1 be5 /imulat$ f )\t4 ,"o ( ! mo/ pot5t reasons = ,swiss unity is t ( necessity = def5ce4 ,!y mu/ be "o to pres]ve _! fre$om4 ,b ! fact is t :atev] ! /imulus 01 :atev] ! difficulties t /ood 9 ! way1 h[ev] div]se ! orig9al mat]ials may h be51 ! ,swiss are n[ "o 9 ! beliefs ( ! individual memb]s ( ! nation1 & t feel+ ( communion is actually unity 9 fact4 ,x is true1 !n1 t 9 "o way ! ess5ce ( an in/itution is 9 idea4 8,p]haps ! ,id5tical1 9 ?is matt] ( gr\ps1 is nei!r a real p]son nor a nom9ali/ fiction4 ,let u call x an idea44440#aha ,all true unity is really contribut$ by ! m9d4 ,! ext]nal falls ap>t1 & becomes a m]e cong]ies & n a unity :5 n held toge!r 9 idea4 ,! ext]nal elem5ts =m ! mat]ials = a unity2 !y make up ! basis ( an in/itution2 !y aid 9 giv+ rise to a common consci\sness2 b x is ! common consci\sness itself t is ! ess5ce ( ! unity4 ,9 ?is way ! w to individuality z an inn] fact w 9 turn make = individuality 9 objective reality4 ,only1 x %\ld be not$ on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! unity is bas$ on ext]nal gr\nds1 x is n a m]e fiction1 & is n left up 9 ! air4 ,to h a common consci\sness1 ! individuals ( a gr\p d n h to be acqua9t$ by s5se exp]i5ce ) all _! l& or its p4 ,imag9ation & sympa?y are means by :i* m5 feel !mselves "o ( a society & p>ts ( an in/itution4 ,& if1 ev5 aft] imag9ation & sympa?y h come to "o's help1 a c\ntry & its ideals are said to be ab/ract & vague1 ev5 s1 x is su* ab/ract ?+s t become a cause1 & x is su* vague ideals t h ! greate/ motive p[]4 ,!y possess u4 ,we ?9k ) !m r ?an ( !m1 & !y become a _s 9 :i* we approa* all ?+s4 ,x is n necess>y t we %\ld h an exact =mula ( !m 9 ord] to make !m real4 ,realities d n only !n come to exi/ :5 we h a cle>-cut =mula = !m1 nor d ideas fir/ h be+ :5 !y are put into =mal expression4 ,"o que/ ( m5 has be51 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 to create = !mselves a unifi$ _w4 ,9 do+ ?is !y h1 among o!r ?+s1 =m$ !mselves into nations4 ,nations h met _! ne$s1 & help$ !m to feel at home 9 _! _w4 ,c\ntries are real1 & come close home4 ,) ?is 9 m9d we c appreciate ! feel+ ( ! travel] abroad :o has a s5se ( ! :ol5ess ( 8 home-l& & longs = x4 ,! foll[+ quotation is an illu/ration ( ?is feel+ at ! same "t t x catalogues "s ( ! elem5ts t g into ! makeup ( a c\ntry4 8,e "t 8 passport is pres5t$1 e "t he ent]s a new dom9ion or crosses a new fronti]1 e "t he is delay$ at ! cu/om-h\se1 or que/ion$ by a policeman1 or *all5g$ by a s5t9el1 e "t he is p]plex$ by a new language1 or puzzl$ by a new v>iety ( co9age or curr5cy1--he ?anks 8 ,god ) fre% f]v5cy t ?r\gh all ! l5g? & bread? ( t l&1 beyond ! swell+ floods1 :i* he is privileg$ & pr\d to call 8 own l&1 !re is a common language1 a common curr5cy1 a common ,con/itution1 common laws & lib]ties1 a common inh]itance ( glory f ! pa/1 &1 if x be only true to itself1 a common de/9y ( glory = ! future60#ahb ,is !re any?+ to indicate t ! organiz+ pr9ciples ( a nation are p]man5tly necess>y ones8 ,! ultimate exi/5ce & value ( patriotism w be involv$ 9 ! answ] to t "q4 ,is patriotism call$ = by ! fundam5tal ord] ( reality8 ,"o ( ! ess5tial c5t]s ( life is a community1 a neighborhood1 ^? :o live ne> en\gh to "o ano!r t ! int]e/s ( _! lives are closely int]wov5 by ! fact ( association 9 space4 ,?is w\ld seem to be a self-evid5t proposition4 ,mazz9i hit ! tru? :5 he said t mank9d _h be5 plac$ 9 gr\ps or nuclei ^u ! face ( ! e>?4 ,! community is an irr$ucible m9imum ( association among mank9d4 ,x is a p]man5t association1 & ! s5tim5ts t gr[ out ( x w be p]man5t4 ,!re is true reason :y "o ( ! fundam5tal virtues is t ( be+ a good neighbor4 ,& ,vebl5 0 "r 9 say+1 8,ev5 ) no patriotism1 love ( c\ntry1 & use & wont z x runs 9 "o's home area & among "o's own p1 w\ld n pass40#ahc ,patriotism seems to be vitally connect$ ) a p]man5t s5tim5t1 community _s4 ,a community is atta*$ to ! soil4 ,x has its basis 9 a local area4 ,t is :at makes a community4 ,9 o!r words1 x is organiz$ ^u ! geographical pr9ciple4 ,! geographical pr9ciple is "o ( ! p]man5tly necess>y pr9ciples ( human association4 ,n[ a nation is s associat$4 ,a c\ntry mu/ h a t]ritory1 & x is ! only in/itution ( :i* ?is c be said4 8,a nation 444 is prim>ily a gr\p ( m5 & wom5 relat$ physically4444 ,! /ate repres5ts n ! common int]e/s ( ^? :o are intellectual1 or musical1 or religi\s1 b *iefly ! common int]e/ ( ^? :o live 9 ! same di/rict40#ahd ,patriotism is loyalty to "o's native l&4 ,at lea/ "o fundam5tal pr9ciple ( a c\ntry is a p]man5t "o1 ! geographical pr9ciple4 ,we h "h a sugge/ion z to :y ! soil is s important 9 patriotism4 ,patriotism is n\ri%$ by ! soil4 ,! soil n only is :at su/a9s ! vital economic int]e/s ( ^? :o live ^u x1 b is ! basis ( ! exi/5ce ( ! nation itself4 ,)\t ! l&1 & l& is c\ntry1 !re w\ld be no patriotism4 ,!re has aris5 ( late ! cont5tion t x w\ld be bett] to d away ) ! geographical pr9ciple ( gov]nm5t4 ,russell says1 8,!re is no reason :y all gov]nm5tal units %\ld be geographical40#ahe ,x is felt t if geographical fronti]s 7 de/roy$ ! cause ( peace w\ld be fur!r$4 8,:5 civil w> breaks out 9 a c\ntry1 no real fight+ is possible until ! cont5d+ factions are organiz$ on sep>ate t]ritory40#ahf ,x is worse :5 tr\ble ) ano!r c\ntry arises4 8,9 dome/ic affairs we live ) & "k ! m5 :o disagree ) u2 9 =eign affairs ! opposition lives beh9d a fronti]1 & probably speaks a diff]5t language40#ahg ,b x is n cle> t we %all ga9 any?+ by he$+ ^! sugge/ions to oblit]ate national fronti]s4 ,! sub/itute plann$ is t ( syndicali/ic organizations4 ,b "u su* an arrangem5t fronti]s w\ld be inf9itely multipli$4 ,m5 ( conflict+ loyalties & int]e/s w\ld be 9 t\* ev]y:]e4 ,x w\ld simply be an ex*ange ( "o antagonism = ano!r4 ,& class w>s w\ld be no bett] ?an nationali/ic w>s4 ,x w\ld be no bett] to h class aga9/ class ?an nation aga9/ nation4 ,s :at we come back to is gov]nm5tal organization ^u ! geographical pr9ciple4 ,& ?is means t we come back to "s su* unit z ! nation4 ,& :y n8 ,environm5t makes p alike1 & to h a homog5e\s p is "o ( ! necessities ( a successful gov]nm5t4 ,moreov]1 we mu/ =m an atta*m5t some:]e1 else live entirely alone4 ,& x is "r to beg9 :]e we are4 8,god gave all m5 all e>? to love1 ,b s9ce our he>ts are small1 ,orda9$ = ea* "o spot %\ld prove ,belov$ ov] all40 ,we h said t ! t]ritorial arrangem5t is an inescapable "o 9 gov]nm5t1 & t ! community is a unit bel[ :i* we _c g4 ,b !re _c help b be int]e/s gr[+ up betwe5 communities4 ,& hi/orically ^! int]e/s h l$ to association ( communities4 ,rivalry & friction arise4 ,w> foll[s4 ,! m$ival city-/ates f\ght ) "o ano!r4 ,new ,york & ,new ,j]sey are rivals2 ! writ] recalls "o occasion :5 ,new ,j]sey 0 ?reat5+ suit aga9/ ,new ,york = bef\l+ ! ,hudson ,riv]4 ,! only safegu>d aga9/ int]nec9e w>f>e betwe5 communities is a m compreh5sive p[]4 ,s a l>g] unit gr[s4 ,& ^! units mu/ be /ill fur!r integrat$4 ,! process w n /op until x comes to ! nation ) its gov]nm5t1 ! /ate4 ,h[ mu* fur!r x w g w be disclos$ by future ev5ts4 ,is ! /ate a p]man5tly necess>y in/itution8 ,! pr9ciple ( integration embodi$ 9 ! /ate is a fundam5tal "o4 ,x is ! pr9ciple ( cop]ation = cop]ation4 ,! good ( any in/itution is t ( cop]ation = "s end4 ,! prim>y end ( ! /ate is t ( cop]ation itself4 ,its purpose is t ( enabl+ m5 to live & "w toge!r 9 peace4 ,loyalty to ! national gr\p is loyalty to ! pr9ciple ( human cop]ation4 ,! mo/ valuable ?+ ab\t ! /ate is n t x does ?is or t1 b t x gets m5 work+ toge!r4 ,x provides ! sett+ = fur!r coop]ation4 ,9 its protection aga9/ enemies ei!r )9 or )\t ! gr\p1 x is act+ to keep ! cop]ation ( ! memb]s ( ! gr\p f be+ int]f]$ )4 ,?us x w be se5 t ! /ate is ess5tially a peace unit4 ,!re are ^? :o d5y ?is4 ,!re are two !ories ( ! /ate4 ,"o is t x is a peace unit4 ,! o!r is t x is a w> unit4 ,x is1 accord+ to ?is latt] view1 organiz$ = ! wag+ ( w>4 ,because ( ?is latt] view !re has be5 ( late a great deal ( opposition to & criticism ( ! /ate4 ,x is alleg$ t all ! o!r ?+s besides fight+ :i* ! /ate once did h be5 tak5 ov] by o!r ag5cies bett] fitt$ to d !m1 & t really ! only ?+ :i* ! /ate n[ has z its purpose is t ( decl>+ & mak+ w>4 ,! citiz5s cop]ate 9 ! /ate only :5 !y h a fight on ) ano!r /ate4 ,b x may be repli$ t x is h>dly fair to *>ge all our tr\bles 9 w> to ! /ate4 ,w>s h be5 wag$ :]e !re 0 no /ate 9 ! mod]n s5se2 !y h be5 c>ri$ on by o!r ag5cies ?an /ates2 & /ates h liv$ toge!r peaceably4 ,savage individuals1 savage tribes1 feudal b>ons h all f\ght4 ,race riots h giv5 v5t to hatr$4 ,repres5tatives ( labor & capital h f\ght pit*$ battles4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada h liv$ side by side )\t ev] hav+ f\nd x necess>y to decl>e w> or ev5 =tify ! fronti]4 ,& ! /ate is really a peace unit4 ,x exi/s prim>ily = ! purpose ( keep+ ord] )9 ! area ( its jurisdiction4 ,x becomes app>5t "h h[ "s ( ! beliefs ( patriotism are well-f\nd$4 ,! /ate is ne$$ z ! protector ( "o's self4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages1 9 ! abs5ce ( any o!r ag5cy to provide protection1 !re grew up volunt>y associations1 f\nd$ & op]at$ usually by w>riors1 & call$ regna1 ^: bus9ess x 0 to keep ! peace4 ,"h 0 an attempt to d ! "w ( ! /ate4 ,b ! attempt fail$1 & !re are n[ no su* organizations4 ,"o w\ld n miss ! m>k f> 9 haz>d+ ! op9ion t !y fail$ because !y did n repres5t a peace unit compos$ ( an integrat$ p occupy+ a giv5 ext5t ( t]ritory4 ,:at has be5 said "h w\ld indicate t :at we ne$ to d is s to ext5d ! integration ( society t ! :ole _w w be a peace unit4 ,! :ole problem ( keep+ peace %\ld be made an int]nal problem4 ,!re %\ld be no foes )\t4 ,! /ate is ! ultimate protector ( all ! values ( life4 ,! citiz5 0 "r :5 he believ$ t 8 e>?ly salvation dep5d$ ^u 8 /ate4 ,! /ate itself does n usually furni% ! goods ( life1 al?\gh x does on occasion furni% !m4 ,t is n its prim>y bus9ess4 ,x does n ev5 gu>antee ! goods ( life4 ,mu*1 ( c\rse1 dep5ds ^u ! individual himself4 ,b ! j /ate does ultimately protect ! individual 9 all rightful opportunities 9 :i* he z an individual or 9 volunt>y association ) o!rs _c protect himself4 ,! civiliz$ life itself at pres5t dep5ds ^u ! /ate4 ,! v ^w 8civilization0 is d]iv$ f a t]m mean+ 8/ate40 ,x is t :i* is possible :]e !re is a settl$ ord] provid$ by ! /ate4 ,"o c imag9e :at ! /ate means if he pictures himself at ! fr+e ( civilization :]e he w\ld miss ! _m values ( life :i* ! /ate makes possible4 ,! /ate does its "w = ! mo/ "p noiselessly1 b x is j because x is s effici5t t x is s noiseless4 ,we are n consci\s ( its work+1 & !re=e assume t x is otiose4 ,b x is ) u all ! "t1 & provid+ ! opportunity = all ! values ( life4 ,! /ate is a k9d ( second nature :i* does n gu>antee happy liv+1 b (f]s ! opportunities = su* a life4 ,! /ate does1 h[ev]1 g beyond its prim>y purpose4 ,x has n1 z a matt] ( fact1 be5 re/rict$ purely to act+ ! "p ( policeman or night-wat*man4 ,philosoph]s h disput$ a good deal ab\t ! functions ( ! /ate4 ,b :5 all is said & done x has be5 f\nd necess>y = ! /ate to engage 9 "s activities :i* 7 n purely ^? ( provid+ protection1 b 7 design$ to promote positively ! g5]al welf>e4 ,! /ate truly1 z ,ari/otle said1 ev5 ?\gh x has orig9at$ 9 ! b>e ne$s ( life1 has cont9u$ = ! sake ( ! good life4 ,! /ate /rives to aid m5 9 a positive way4 ,"s community int]e/s ?\ght to be 9 ! prov9ce ( ! /ate are ^? ( education1 transportation1 communication1 sanitation1 taxation1 & ! ma9t5ance ( economic ju/ice4 ,& ?is positive "* ( ! /ate's functions r5d]s patriotism all ! m /rongly entr5*$4 ,z already has be5 intimat$1 syndicali/ic organizations are be+ put =w>d z rivals ( ! /ate4 ,indu/ry is "o ( ! *ief int]e/s ( m51 & is especially virul5t at ! pres5t "t4 ,!re are ^? :o w\ld organize society accord+ to occupation4 ,& :5 society 0 completely organiz$ 9 ?is way !re w\ld be1 s x is ?\ght1 no fur!r excuse = ! exi/5ce ( ! /ate4 ,all ! legitimate common conc]ns ( m5 w\ld be tak5 c>e ( by syndicali/ic organizations4 ,! economic argum5ts = or aga9/ syndicalism are ( second>y importance 9 ?is connection2 ! po9t ( int]e/ is t :i* be>s on syndicalism z a pr9ciple ( gov]nm5t4 ,graham ,wallas has /udi$ ^! que/ions4 ,he po9ts to ! m$ival exp]i5ce "u ! guild sy/em4 ,he says t qu>rels betwe5 ! crafts 7 rife1 z 7 qu>rels betwe5 ! craftsm5 & ! m]*ants2 t ! p hat$ /rang]s z well z ! police2 t ! public heal? 0 neglect$2 & t ! cities f\nd x impossible to keep ord] 9 _! own /reets dur+ a trade dispute4#ahh ,! fact is t ! gr[? ( p[] on ! "p ( ,labor & ,capital & ! conflicts aris+ because ( t p[] r5d] ! /ate m necess>y r ?an less s4 ,!re is a true s5se 9 :i* ! /ate embodies ! g5]al w4 ,x is1 9 ! area ( its jurisdiction1 ! repres5tatives n ( a class1 b ( all ! p liv+ 9 t area4 ,x is ! repository ( ! collective w ( its citiz5s4 ,!re=e1 x is fitt$ to keep ! peace1 & to be = ! purpose ( keep+ peace1 ! us] ( =ce4 ,! cry has be5 rais$1 8,:y is ! /ate arm$8 ,no o!r in/itution feels x necess>y to be equipp$ ) an armam5t40 ,b ! tru? is t x is j because ! /ate is arm$ t no o!r in/itution ne$s to be4 ,"o police =ce is en\gh4 ,we %all always ne$ ! /ate to keep o!r in/itutions 9 h>mony4 ,& in/itutions :i* exi/ = o!r purposes ?an t ( ! ma9t5ance ( law & ord] w h to submit to regulation by ! /ate = ! sake ( law & ord]4 ,x w be ! /ate's bus9ess1 among o!r ?+s1 to ma9ta9 a democracy ( in/itutions4 ,! /ate1 because ( ! g5]ality ( its "*1 plays an important role 9 f$]at+ ! loyalties ( m54 ,economic int]e/s1 religi\s int]e/s1 & s on1 d n exhau/ ! catalogue ( human activities4 ,ea* individual w h t\* ) o!r individuals ) :om he w\ld n outside ! /ate be organiz$ 9 any in/itution4 ,"o may h a neighbor :o is ( ano!r trade or *ur*4 ,! /ate br+s "o into a common life ) 8 neighbors4 ,! /ate's "* z a p[] helps x to occupy ?is role z f$]ator ( loyalties4 ,x is back ( all ! in/itutions ( life2 x su/a9s !m4 ,consequ5tly ! loyalties giv5 to ! o!r in/itutions t5d to head up 9 ! /ate4 ,x is a univ]sal1 too1 because its unify+ pr9ciple1 t ( space1 is s univ]sal4 ,su* a pr9ciple is v g5]al1 & may be empty unless enri*$ by _m diff]5tiations )9 itself2 ! life t x unifies may be v meagre )\t ^? diff]5tiations1 b g5]ality is ak9 to univ]sality1 & j because ! pr9ciple is s g5]al1 x may act z a unifi] ( _m 9 "o4 ,a loyalty t %all be an organiz] ( all loyalties is ne$$4 ,= ! individual1 ev5 aft] he is a memb] ( all ! volunt>y organizations to :i* he is eligible1 !re ought to be t :i* w unify 8 :ole life4 ,s likewise !re ought to be t :i* w unify ! :ole ( mank9d4 ,! /ate & ! *ur* seem to be ! only in/itutions :i* 9 ideal are capable ( a*iev+ ^! results4 ,& at ! pres5t "t we seem ne>] a univ]sal political ?an religi\s unification ( mank9d4 ,human nature is a long way f be+ ready to w>rant putt+ "o's tru/ 9 x z ! gu>antee ( peace & ju/ice because ea* human be+ loves 8 neighbor z himself4 ,at any rate1 ! /ate w h a fundam5tal purpose z an integration ( mank9d = s long a "t to come t x may be said to be p]man5tly necess>y4 ,! "* ( ! /ate z be+ ! condition ( all ! values ( civiliz$ life1 ! embodim5t ( ! g5]al w1 & ! f$]ator ( human loyalties1 ?r[s light ^u ! ph5om5on t :5 ! /ate calls ! individual e o!r loyalty mu/ g4 ,! /ate seems /ill to be entitl$ to its place 9 ! sun4 ,b we mu/ keep ourselves at ! po9t :]e we c criticize our political loyalties4 ,"s /ates on occasion ne$ re=m4 ,! morality ( nations mu/ be criticiz$4 ,/ates h gr[n 9 response to ! ne$s ( human be+s4 ,!y mu/ be kept subs]vi5t to ^? ne$s4 ,! /ate is n div9e4 ,!re is no div9e "r ( k+s1 & !re is no div9e "r ( /ates1 except z ^! in/itutions meet ! real ne$s ( real human be+s4 ,! /ate has ju/ifi$ its exi/5ce1 b t doesn't mean t ! exi/5ce ( any p>ticul> k9d ( /ate is ju/ifi$4 ,9 o!r words1 patriotism seems to be necessitat$ by ! fundam5tal ord] ( reality4 ,its exi/5ce is ju/ifi$4 ,patriotism is ess5tially a fundam5tal human good4 ,b t fact doesn't ju/ify all t is f\nd 9 patriotism4 ,consequ5tly1 ! problem is n only to evaluate patriotism z an ess5tial ideal1 b also to criticize ! faults & virtues ( its diff]5t =ms4 ,some?+ ( t criticism w be ! ef=t ( ! conclud+ *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,e?ical ,,value ,,( ,,patriotism ,,9 ,,! ,,concrete ,patriotism s]ves a necess>y purpose1 & is !re=e a fundam5tal human good4 ,9 "s =m x is exi/5tially necess>y4 ,! problem ( patriotism n[ becomes1 !n1 8,:at is its =m to be80 ,= patriotism z x actually appe>s 9 p]sons & nations is n all good4 ,x may be1 z an individual possession1 morally colorless4 ,!re are b>nacles atta*$ to ! %ip ( /ate4 ,zimm]mann made a ke5 rem>k :5 he said1 8,! love ( "o's c\ntry1 h[ev] extoll$1 is1 9 _m cases1 no m ?an ! love ( an ass = its /all40#ahi ,x may be ei!r noble or n>r[4 ,!re is a high] & l[] patriotism4 ,x dep5ds on h[ x expresses itself4 ,be=e ! e?ical value ( nationali/ic loyalty c be fully det]m9$ x mu/ be look$ at 9 its concrete =ms4 ,! v>y+ motives & effects ( patriotism mu/ be consid]$4 ,:y is patriotism noble8 ,! reason :y x has be5 popul>ly extoll$ is t x is a =m ( unselfi%ness4 ,!re is h>dly ano!r cause 9 ! _w today t calls =? su* h]oic self-sacrifice z ! cause ( "o's c\ntry4 ,royce includ$ ! /ate among ! causes t h organiz$ m5 9 unselfi% devotion4 ,he said1 8444 we h c]ta9 human activities t d n[ already t5d to ! imp]sonal organization ( ! life ( ^? engag$ 9 !m4 ,su* activities are f\nd 9 ! "w ( art1 9 ! pursuit ( tru?1 & 9 g5u9e public _s4 ,beauty1 ,k1 & ! ,/ate1 are ?ree ideal objects t d actually claim f ^? :o s]ve !m h>mony1 fre$om f selfi%ness1 & a :olly imp]sonal devotion40#aij ,& unselfi%ness is "o ( ! fundam5tal human virtues4 ,x makes ! individual himself a bett] man1 & is mo/ c]ta9ly ne$$ 9 ! /ructure ( society4 ,patriotism has ! t5d5cy to make m5 ideali/s4 ,x is h>d en\gh to get m5's ?\ghts (f ( purely mat]ial ?+s1 & :atev] c draw _! devotion to an ideal cause is1 s f>1 wor? :ile4 ,patriotism has made = cop]ation among m54 ,! prim>y purpose ( ! /ate is t ( cop]ation1 t is1 ( mak+ x possible = m5 successfully to live toge!r4 ,t1 on ! face ( x1 is a noble purpose4 ,& ! /ate has actually secur$ a l>g] range ( cop]ation ?an :at _h be5 atta9$ be=e x4 ,x has secur$ a wid] range ( peace4 ,x is a l>g] peace unit4 ,h5ce1 ! /ate z an integration ( m5 is a ga91 & is n1 if x is avoidable1 to be de/roy$4 ,x w\ld n1 = in/ance1 be a ga9 to condemn ev5 ,g]many to de/ruction z long z any o!r mode ( treatm5t is possible4 ,( c\rse ?is argum5t assumes t ! /ate is indisp5sable z an in/itution = ! integration ( mank9d4 ,b x really is indisp5sable4 ,an irr$ucible unit ( society is a community--^? liv+ 9 close contact 9 "s giv5 limit$ t]ritory4 ,h5ce1 ! t]ritorial pr9ciple is an inescapable "o 9 ! organization ( society4 ,&1 if s1 communities w1 by _! conflicts1 if by no?+ else1 be organiz$ into /ates4 ,t is :at has happ5$4 ,no organization ( society on any o!r plan is likely to f9d x possible to disp5se ) ! /ate4 ,& n[1 if ! /ate is s necess>y & valuable 9 ! organization ( society1 patriotism z a =ce t pres]ves ! /ate & its b5efits is ( value to m54 ,b ! relations ( patriotism to w> & int]nationalism are n[ its mo/ crucial problems4 ,x is (t5 argu$ t :ile patriotism has done & does :at is claim$ = x1 x has 9 l>ge measure outliv$ its usefulness1 & is a prolific s\rce ( ! _w's greate/ tr\bles at ! pres5t "t 9 t x makes = jeal\sy1 conflict1 & w>4 ,patriotism is said to be divisive1 :5 ?\ght ( 9 _w t]ms4 ,hasn't x1 !re=e1 outliv$ its usefulness1 & isn't x "t to entru/ ! keep+ ( ! cop]ation ( m5 to a /ill l>g] in/itution t %all be worldwide1 & ?us avoid ! conflicts ( ! pres5t8 ,! feel+ t prompts ?is argum5t is embodi$ 9 ! foll[+ words3 8444 a /rik+ factor 9 today's ?9k+ is ! p]ception ( ! immoral consequ5ces ( patriotism4 ,we see t :ile devotion to c\ntry entails ! f9al sacrifice ( self1 x entails also ! mo/ inhumane sacrifice ( o!rs4 ,we h n yet be5 able to ?9k ! matt] out4 ,di/raught1 we rev]5ce ! m5 :o are dy+ = _! sep>ate flags & /ra9 our eyes beyond ! battlefields = ! oriflamme ( int]nationalism40#aia ,x is evid5t t :5 c\ntries g to w>1 all _c be "r1 & t fact puts ! patriots ( "s c\ntry 9 a false position4 ,"o _c take simply ! attitude ( uncritical patriotism4 ,! good man & ! good patriot are n necess>ily "o & ! same4 ,if ! contr>y 7 true1 !n nei!r we nor ! ,g]mans w\ld h any moral gr\nds ^u :i* to be indignant at "o ano!r4 ,n all causes become j simply = ! reason t "o's c\ntry *ooses to def5d !m4 ,ari/otle call$ att5tion to ! fact ( v>y+ gov]nm5ts 9 ! _w1 & drew ! foll[+ conclusion3 8,if1 !n1 !re are _m =ms ( gov]nm5t1 x is evid5t t ! virtue ( ! good citiz5 _c be ! "o p]fect virtue4 ,b we say t a good man is he :o has p]fect virtue4 ,h5ce1 x is evid5t t ! good citiz5 ne$ n ( necessity possess ! virtue :i* makes a good man40#aib ,a l>g] view ?an t ( uncritical patriotism is !re=e ne$$1 & ! critic says t su* is j :at ! patriot _c be expect$ to atta94 ,! critic makes ! *>ge t ! cop]ation t has be5 ga9$ 9 patriotism is an ob/ruction 9 ! way ( atta9+ a l>g] cop]ation4 ,patriotism1 9 o!r words1 is n a prop] =ce = sav+ ! _w4 ,= "o ?+1 x cont5ts a man ) 8 own c\ntry2 ! patriot doesn't /rive = any high] organization ( m51 & s ! _s ( progress is dead5$4 ,moreov]1 s ! critic sometimes says1 patriotism is simply a cop]ation = conflict4 ,x is sett+ m5 at ea* o!r's ?roats4 ,x w h to be admitt$ fir/ ( all t patriotism may be ! k9d ( =ce t its critic describes x to be4 ,& if x 7 irrevocably & :olly committ$ to be su* a _s1 "o w\ld h to pass an unfavorable v]dict ^u x4 ,:atev] its b5efits might o!rwise be1 ! _w w\ld n tol]ate x1 if t meant to be =ev] confront$ ) ! possibility ( ano!r conflict su* z ! pres5t "o4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be plead$ t ! pres5t int]nec9e conflict ( patriots is n a p]man5t condition ( mank9d4 ,x is a /age ?r\gh :i* ! race is hav+ to pass 9 its developm5t t[>ds _w-wide organization4 ,& x is n altoge!r /range t 9 ! process1 patriotism %\ld be a tempor>y difficulty1 j z family1 clan1 & prov9cial pride once 74 ,! factors mak+ = a _w integration h n yet fully f\nd !mselves1 & ( c\rse1 are n adequate = ! job ( ov]com+ ! prejudices ( patriots4 ,moreov]1 x is natural = any /age ( progress ga9$ to be a b> to fur!r progress4 ,ea* /age has to be %>ply & def9itely conceiv$ 9 ord] to be rea*$1 b t 9 turn makes x a b> to fur!r developm5t4 ,! vision ( ! next /ep simply doesn't come easily to m5's m9ds4 ,moreov]1 x is easy = !m to take a*iev$ results z f9al4 ,^? results h to be tak5 s]i\sly1 if !y are to yield _! full value4 ,& besides1 a /age ( progress doesn't "k itself simply z a l9k 9 a s+le logical l9e ( developm5t2 x has _m individual int]e/s ( its own1--int]e/s :i* may give x a t5d5cy to fly out ( :at has be5 ! l9e ( progress4 ,o!r ?+s1 too1 get mix$ up ) x t t5d to pull x out ( its /raight & n>r[ pa?4 ,patriotism has be5 mix$ up ) & betray$ by junk]i/ic1 dyna/ic1 & pr(ite]+ int]e/s4 ,patriotism itself surely %\ld n h to be> ! full blame = ! faults ( ^? evil companions1 al?\gh patriotism1 x mu/ be admitt$1 has be5 9 bad company4 ,9 ! light ( all ! facts1 x seems mo/ accurate to say t patriotism tak5 z a :ole does (f] difficulties 9 ! way ( weld+ m5 into l>g] peace units4 ,b aft] all !y are only difficulties1 & n impassable b>ri]s4 ,!y are practical r ?an !oretical1 n rational & necess>y4 ,!y (f] no gr\nds = a f9al condemnation ( patriotism4 ,x does n seem to be fair1 at any rate1 to say t patriotism is a dis9tegrat+ factor 9 _w affairs4 ,!re is no l>g] unit ( coop]ation t x is break+ up4 ,& patriotism c claim = itself t x has come 9 z a =ce mak+ = l>g] gr\p+s ( m54 ,if patriotism 7 at "o sudd5 bl[ /rick5 out ( ! _w1 we %\ld be set backw>d r ?an =w>d 9 ! process ( w9n+ ! conditions ( _w peace4 ,patriotism _c be set d[n z an ultimate enemy ( peace on e>? & good w among m5 because x sometimes supports a w>4 ,! purpose ( a /ate is n prim>ily t ( wag+ w>1 b t ( enabl+ m5 to live toge!r 9 peace4 ,& correspond+ly patriotism is n exclusively or ma9ly a w>-wag+ virtue4 ,9 fact1 x m commonly expresses itself z a peaceful & con/ructive public _s4 ,patriotism1 z matt]s n[ /&1 is n likely to cause ! op5+ ( ho/ilities1 al?\gh x w support a w> :i* has already be5 />t$4 ,& x is1 ev5 9 w>1 usually a def5sive r ?an an (f5sive attitude4 ,?is is virtually prov$ by ! fact t all ! bellig]5t c\ntries h to make _! peoples believe t !y are fight+ a def5sive w>4 ,t is ! way 9 :i* ! m>tial _s ( patriots has to be appeal$ to4 ,& x is a significant ?+ t su* is ! case4 ,x indicates t ! de/ruction ( patriotism is n necess>y to ! atta9m5t ( _w peace1 b t ! end may be secur$ simply ?r\gh ! decay ( ! bellicose _s4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! consci5ce ( ! _w has already und]gone great *anges ) reg>d to w>4 ,x is probable t ! e>lie/ savage /ate 0 t ( almo/ incessant w>f>e4 ,& 9 ^? days1 x wasn't necess>y to f9d any pretext = op5+ ho/ilities4 ,! suffici5t reason = an attack 0 t ! o!r gr\p _h some?+ t ! p>ty ( ! fir/ "p want$4 ,! e>lie/ /age ( savage & ev5 civiliz$ life1 !re=e1 0 "o 9 :i* w>s c\ld q uni=mly be frankly w>s ( aggression4 ,! /age 9 :i* ! pres5t g5]ation seems to be liv+ is t ( 8w>s ( def5se40 ,!re are "s signs t ! next era w be t ( peace4 ,! :ole _w is gett+ tir$ ( w>1 & long+ = int]nationalism4 ,&1 :at is new1 ^! feel+s are spr++ up all ov] ! _w at ! same "t4 ,p]haps we are already 9 ! transitional p]iod4 ,at any rate1 x does n seem to be q accurate to *>ge t patriotism is ! fir/ cause ( w>s 9 ^! days4 ,x is safe to say t ! populations ( ! _w want$ peace 9 #aiad4 ,some?+ else is ! fir/ cause ( w>s4 ,a dispute arises betwe5 two gov]nm5ts1 & patriotism1 to be sure1 adds fuel to ! flames4 ,b patriotism 9 itself is = ! mo/ "p peaceful until x is fann$ into fury4 ,b ev5 if patriotism does g to w>1 x is n simply = t to be condemn$ )\t fur!r ado4 ,! resi/ance t a nation (f]s is (t5 really a s]vice to ! cause ( integration 9 ! _w4 ,= _w cop]ation _c be bas$ ^u _w conque/4 ,t is n ! way to a broad] unity4 ,& :oev] opposes su* conque/ is ! fri5d ( true unity4 ,!re c be su* a ?+ z an integration on a ?or\ghly bad pr9ciple4 ,a robb] b& or a consci5celess monopoli/ic 8tru/0 w\ld be examples ( j su* an organization4 ,& !re also may be a ?or\ghly unholy alliance 9 ! political realm4 ,x is j t :i* ! _s ( patriotism is at ! pres5t "t prev5t+4 ,_w dom9ation & _w bro!rhood are incompatible1 & t proposition "r n[ j z truly has a practical application1 al?\gh 9 a diff]5t way1 = ^? :o live we/ ( ! ,rh9e z = ^? :o live on ! o!r side4 ,if x is wrong = ,g]many to build up a _w-empire on ! pr9ciple ( dom9ation1 x is wrong = u to let h] d x4 ,integration implies a unity ( diff]5ces4 ,!re c1 !n1 be no true integration :]e significant diff]5ces are ignor$4 ,& !re w be no j organization ( all ! peoples ( ! _w :]e ! individuality ( "s ( ! p>ts is disreg>d$4 ,)9 ! nation1 we dem& t ! individuality ( ea* unit be respect$4 ,! pacifi/ makes t dem& = himself4 ,& x is j z mu* "r t ! individuality ( ea* nation %\ld be respect$ 9 ! community ( :i* x is a "p4 ,! nation occupies ! same position ) reg>d to ! _w t ! individual occupies ) reg>d to ! c\ntry4 ,simil> rights & simil> duties may be claim$ = bo?4 ,x is fair t ! same organiz+ pr9ciple %\ld be appli$ on bo? ! national & int]national levels1 namely1 unity 9 diff]5ce4 ,9 o!r words1 ! same pr9ciples ( ju/ice & lib]ty t mu/ guide )9 ! nation mu/ also be normative ( ! relations betwe5 /ates4 ,! integration ( a nation is "o ( w1 &1 moreov]1 "o ( good w4 ,! same ?+ c be said ( a _w organization4 ,! p]man5t integration ( ! _w w h to be ^u ! basis ( good w4 ,& t _c h be5 accompli%$ :]e a great _m app>5tly )9 ! fold are n 9 x at he>t4 ,peace w\ldn't necess>ily mean good w or true integration4 ,if1 = in/ance1 we volunt>ily surr5d]$ to ,g]many1 z ! pacifi/s sometimes urge1 & %[$ good w on our "p1 t w\ldn't necess>ily call =? ! same _s on ! "p ( ,g]many4 ,_! _s might simply be t ( exagg]at$ egoism4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 w x make = good w to g on fight+ ,g]many8 ,9 ! long run1 x seems to be ! way t is necess>y to foll[ 9 ord] to br+ h] to a frame ( m9d :]e %e c be cop]at$ )4 ,x is !re=e n completely out ( h>mony ) ! cause ( _w cop]ation t a /ate %\ld sometimes g to w>4 ,& ! nation itself has rights & duties4 ,x w\ld n be any m morally good = a c\ntry to cons5t to its ext9ction or ! s]i\s crippl+ ( its individuality ?an x w\ld be = ! human individual to commit suicide or incapacitate himself4 ,! /ate fights = its individuality1 & individuality is a ?+ wor? fight+ =4 ,x is "r t ea* individual nation %\ld h ! privilege ( liv+ a life ( its own1 t is1 z long z x does n =feit its privilege by ignor+ ! rights ( o!rs4 ,! recognition ( ! t5d5cies & p[] ( patriotism %ut "o up to ! conclusion t a _w organization w h to be e/abli%$ along ! l9es ( int]nationalism r ?an ^? ( cosmopolitanism4 ,ea* gr\p has its own consci\sness :i* w h to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,wallas says t1 8,9 ,engl& ! #8p>ticul>ism' ( trades & pr(essions & ! racial feel+ ( ,wales & ,ul/]1 ( ,scotl& or ,ca?olic ,irel&1 seem to be gr[+ /rong] & n weak]40#aic ,x w be ! same ) patriotism 9 a _w organization4 ,! successful l9e ( developm5t 9 _w organization seems to be "o 9 :i* ! prec$+ /ages are n wip$ out1 b are pres]v$ & made ! basis ( a new integration4 ,!re=e1 x seems z if ! next l>g] gr\p+ or gr\p+s ( m5 w h to be jo9$ onto nationalism4 ,sumn] /at$ a tru? :5 he said1 8444 *anges :i* run ) ! mores are easily br\ght ab\t1 b 444 *anges :i* are oppos$ to ! mores require long & pati5t ef=t1 if !y are possible at all40#aid ,if a re=m is to be made 9 ! direction ( a _w integration1 x w1 if x wi%es to succe$1 h to be jo9$ onto patriotism4 ,b !re are reasons :y x is bett] t we %\ld develop into int]nationalism r ?an cosmopolitanism4 ,! latt] conta9s fundam5tal dang]s4 ,x makes too mu* = deta*m5t1 alo(ness1 & selfi%ness4 ,! ,/oics 7 an example ( h[ cosmopolitanism pass$ into ^? ?+s4 ,! eighte5? c5tury 0 an 8age ( ,reason0 :i* t5d$ t[>ds cosmopolitanism1 & x 0 a cosmopolitanism :i* ?\gh enlight5$ 0 *ill & ab/ract4 ,cosmopolitanism t5ds to r$uce all life to a m$iocre type4 ,?is dang] is well po9t$ out 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,i believe l>gely 9 ! comp>ative p]man5ce ( :at we call racial *>act]i/ics2 ,i s9c]ely hope !y w n be m]g$ into a common humanity4444 ,ne>ly e gr\p ( peoples has develop$ its own m5tality1 its own psy*ology1 ideas & ideals4 ,we ne$ to pres]ve ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^? ideas & ideals4 ,if y m]ge !m1 y get a common--a v common--humanity4 ,all progress takes place 9 ! reaction betwe5 extremes4 ,all philosophy has aris5 f a mixture ( races :i* br\ght to "o ano!r diff]5t ideas & ideals40#aie ,! condition ( progress is ! pres]vation ( national *>act]i/ics4 ,b1 :at is ev5 m important1 !re are 9 cosmopolitanism grave moral dang]s involv$4 ,g4 ,f4 ,b>b\r says3 8,! great meet+-places :]e ! curr5ts ( ,ori5tal & ,occid5tal life h come toge!r h inde$ produc$ a vivid & brilliant type ( life1 b h>dly "o t has be5 morally /able & s\nd40#aif ,ea* side f9ds x easy to adopt ! vices ( ! o!r1 b n ! virtues1 & bo? sides are liable to become sup]ficial4 ,! brilliant b %all[ & immoral life ( ,cor9? 9 ! days ( ,paul (f]s an example4 ,! problem at ! pres5t "t is to f$]ate gr\ps4 ,individuals h already become unifi$4 ,b :at sets ! problem gives rise also to a hope4 ,! exi/5ce ( gr\ps w prove an aid 9 ! accompli%m5t ( _w unification4 ,& ! wise humanit>ian w "w ?r\gh ! gr\ps t already exi/1 t is1 c\ntries4 ,_w cosmopolitanism w\ld1 at lea/ at pres5t1 leave ! individual cold2 he c\ld n compreh5d x1 & c\ld n be intellig5tly loyal to x4 ,h5ce1 9 ord] to get effective sympa?y & action among m51 !re mu/ exi/ a gr\p ( ! size & mean+ t is able to appeal to ! individual4 ,!re mu/ be ar\s$ some?+ l :at ,royce call$ 8prov9cialism40 ,prov9cialism might be int]pret$ 9 "o way z loyalty to t integration ( m5 ^: individuality express$ ! individuality ( oneself4 ,& f x w be d]iv$ dynamic = humanit>ianism4 ,royce said t1 8444 philan?ropy t is n f\nd$ ^u a p]sonal loyalty ( ! individual to 8 own family & to 8 own p]sonal duties is notori\sly a wor?less ab/raction40#aig ,& ! application 0 t 8! prov9ce w n s]ve ! nation be/ by =gett+ itself1 b by loyally emphasiz+ its own duty to ! nation & !re=e its "r to atta9 & to cultivate its own unique wisdom40#aih ,!re=e ,royce said t1 8,e "o 444 ought1 ideally speak+1 to be prov9cial1--& t no matt] h[ cultivat$1 or humanit>ian1 or univ]sal 9 purpose or 9 exp]i5ce he may be or may become40#aii ,prov9cialism did n mean exclusiv5ess or jeal\sy4 ,to ,royce1 8444 our prov9ce1 l our own individuality1 ought to be to all ( u r an ideal ?an a m]e boa/4444 ,! bett] aspect ( our prov9cial consci\sness is always its long+ = ! improvem5t ( ! community40#bjj ,b ! po9t is t ! _s ( prov9cialism is a useful =ce 9 secur+ ! atta*m5t ( m54 ,& ! clue t "o f9ds 9 x is t ! be/ way to get a _w integration is to d x by ! f$]ation ( nationalities4 ,! organization ( patriotic loyalties w\ld secure an integration t w\ld hang toge!r4 ,"u su* an arrangem5t1 ! patriot w\ld contribute /r5g? to int]nationalism by 8 v atta*m5t & loyalty to 8 own nation4 ,nationalism w\ld ?us become a spur to a wid] humanit>ian impulse4 ,& patriotism c1 if prop]ly educat$1 be c\nt$ ^u to support int]national gov]nm5t4 ,! patriot himself w develop an insi/5t dem& = int]nationalism :5 he once cle>ly sees1 :at is true1 t ! individuality ( 8 own nation is be/ realiz$ 9 a community ( nations :]e legitimate national diff]5ces are syn!siz$ 9 ju/ice4 ,?is program ( ! unification ( nationalities is to be tak5 s]i\sly4 ,emphasis mu/ be laid n only on nationality b also ^u unification4 ,! patriot mu/ really recognize t he has ano!r loyalty ?an t to c\ntry1 namely1 t to int]nationalism4 ,x is pla9 t improvem5ts c be made ^u ! pres5t _w ord]1 & ! mo/ important ?+ to d is to "w t[>ds "s k9d ( arrangem5t :]eby national disputes c be settl$ accord+ to int]national law1 & ! peace c be kept at ! same "t t ju/ice is done4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 mo/ ?\ghtful individuals d long = "s k9d ( int]nationalism at ! same "t t !y are patriotic4 ,9 a situation l ! pres5t _m are torn by a conflict betwe5 loyalty to humanit>ianism on ! "o h& & patriotism on ! o!r4 ,& x is a situation ) :i* ! individual _c deal satisfactorily alone4 ,!re mu/ be an end put to ! sy/em :i* makes su* conflicts possible4 ,b "o mu/ rememb] also t ! nation is j ab\t z helpless z ! individual4 ,! nation1 too1 is fac$ ) a conflict ( loyalties :i* x _c by itself solve4 ,! rescue mu/ come out ( a conc]t$ action ( nations4 ,! situation mu/ be dealt ) 9 ! v beg9n+ by an int]national act4 ,x is n to be expect$ t any "o c\ntry c deal adequately ) ! pres5t _w problems4 ,! dis>mam5t or non-resi/ance ( any "o nation w n be a solution1 & x seems unreasonable = any "o to c\nsel 8 own c\ntry to take any su* action4 ,h[ev]1 we mu/ relate our patriotism to int]nationalism4 8,we mu/ keep patriotism1 & yet g beyond x1 if we are to save :at is be/ 9 patriotism itself1 j z = ! sake ( religion1 religi\s m5 _h to g beyond _! own will+ness to die = _! own fai?4 ,tol]ation dem&$ n irreligion1 b a bett] religion1 & we might h a bett] patriotism if we c\ld rememb] t we are also citiz5s ( ! _w40#bja ,! nations mu/ be 9 "s respects l ! planets 9 ! sy/em ( ! univ]se4 ,! planets h ea* a free sw+ 9 _! own orbits1 b !y d n collide4 ,ea* helps to hold all ! re/ 9 place1 & toge!r !y all =m "o sy/em4 ,we all h1 at ! pres5t "t1 9 addition to ! duty ( w9n+ ! w>1 ! fur!r obligation ( work+ = p]man5t conditions ( peace4 ,we may fairly claim t we h inh]it$ ?is w> & are n really responsible = x1 b if we d n dis*>ge our int]national duties bo? n[ & :5 ! conditions ( peace are be+ plann$ at ! end ( ?is pres5t conflict1 we %all be responsible = ! next w>4 ,x is a reassur+ fact to ! int]nationali/ at ! same "t t x is a ju/ification = ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( patriotism t !re actually h be5 & are t5d5cies mak+ n only = clos] relations betwe5 nations1 b also = ! moraliz+ ( ^? relations4#bjb ,9 mat]ial ?+s c\ntries h be5 drawn clos] & clos] toge!r4 ,!y are n economic :oles4 ,!y are debtors & cr$itors ( "o ano!r4 ,!y d n keep improv$ me?ods ( indu/ry 9 ! c\ntry :]e !y orig9at$2 ev5 improv$ me?ods ( w> h n be5 s re/rict$4 ,& !y are int]dep5d5t 9 non-mat]ial ?+s4 ,physicians & surgeons d n hide _! ideas )9 _! own gr\p4 ,& art & sci5ce1 ( c\rse1 h long be5 ties t h b\nd toge!r associations ( ! citiz5s ( div]se c\ntries4 ,!re is1 9 %ort1 a wide un(ficial int]c\rse betwe5 ! citiz5s ( diff]5t c\ntries1 a fact :i* leads ,burns to exclaim1 8,nor w ev5 diplomatic subtleties be able to keep u back3 = tru/ betwe5 ! citiz5s ( div]se /ates is tru/ betwe5 ! /ates1 & ! (ficial gov]nm5ts w soon h to submit to ! new situation40#bjc ,b /ates z su* consid] !mselves to be 9 moral relations ) "o ano!r4 ,:at else c x mean t !y h =eign secret>ies1 & employ an ext5sive diplomatic s]vice :i* does a cont9u\s bus9ess2 t !y h be5 increas+ly tak+ common action = ! control ( disease or ! managem5t ( po/al & telegraphic communication2 t !y h be5 m & m conclud+ su* peace treaties z exi/1 = in/ance1 betwe5 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates8#bjd ,! pres5t w> ev5 is prov+ t ! nations ( ! _w are closely int]relat$4 ,! /ruggle is _w-wide1 & x c\ld n h assum$ su* trem5d\s proportions 7 n e "p ( ! _w 9 close t\* ) all ! re/4 ,& x is significant t ! conte/ants are alliances4 ,lippman well rem>ks3 8,! process ( fusion has gone s f> t w> itself has ceas$ to be a national ent]prise40#bje ,! exi/5ce ( alliance is port5t\s ( ! relations ( ! future4 ,x w d some?+ t[>ds creat+ a feel+ ( sympa?y betwe5 ! citiz5s ( ! alli$ c\ntries1 & x w %[ t ! nations c "w toge!r4 ,& if !y c cop]ate 9 w>1 x ought to be fairly easy = !m to draw ! conclusion t !y c act toge!r 9 peace4 ,moreov]1 if ! ,allies w9 ! pres5t w>1 ! peace t w result w be repres5tative ( ! int]e/s ( a l>ge gr\p ( v diff]5t peoples4 ,x is enc\rag+1 too1 9 ! attitude ( at lea/ "o nation t ,presid5t ,wilson1 at ! v "t :5 he w5t to w>1 decl>$ = a league ( nations4 ,we %\ld d well to rem9d ourselves t "o =m ( patriotism f9ds its satisfaction 9 its c\ntry z a good neighbor & a s]vant ( humanity4 ,! obs]vation ( moral relations z express$ 9 ! 8rules ( w>0 has receiv$ a jolt 9 ?is pres5t conflict4 ,b t doesn't necess>ily mean t ! morality ( nations is sma%$4 ,! ess5tial moral temp] ( ! _w is %[n by ! horror t has be5 manife/$ at ! atrocities t h be5 committ$4 ,&1 moreov]1 e bellig]5t nation has be5 eag] to ju/ify itself be=e ! _w4 ,t 9 itself is an indication t a _w s5tim5t has be5 =m$ on ! conduct ( nations 9 ! decl>+ & wag+ ( w>4 ,a c5tury ago milit>i/s did n ne$ to bo!r !mselves mu* ab\t ! _w's op9ion4 ,! moral relation%ips ( /ates 9 w> is fur!r illu/rat$ by ! fact t we ev5 he> :at is (ficially ann\nc$ 9 ! w> bullet9s ( our enemies1 & t we s5d ^w to !m ^u que/ions 9 :i* !y /ill h a common int]e/ ) ourselves4#bjf ,9 view ( all ^! facts x may well be ask$ :at =ces are do+ any bett] 9 ! direction ( a broad] integration ( mank9d ?an ! sev]al c\ntries & ! patriotic citiz5s ( ^? c\ntries4 ,! fact ( ! bus9ess is t patriotism is a /age 9 ! gr[? ( loyalty4 ,/ates & nations are /eps 9 ! process ( _w integration4 ,aft] families1 tribes1 city-/ates1 & all ! re/1 h come nations4 ,nations mu/ h ! loyalty ( mank9d because !y are ! l>ge/ peace units s f> atta9$1 & because !y w be ! f\ndations ( l>g] peace units4 ,! next /ep 9 ! organization ( ! race seems to be t ( int]nationalism4 ,& ! logic ( hi/ory seems to indicate t int]national gov]nm5t w come4 ,! t5d5cy ( societal organization has be5 t[>d l>g] & l>g] :oles4 8,! t5d5cy to ! enl>gem5t ( ! social unit has be5 go+ on ) c]ta9 tempor>y relapses ?r\gh\t human hi/ory4 ,?\gh repeat$ly *eck$ by ! in/ability ( ! l>g] units1 x has always resum$ its activity1 s t x %\ld probably be reg>d$ z a fundam5tal biological drift ! exi/5ce ( :i* is a factor :i* mu/ always be tak5 into acc\nt 9 deal+ ) ! /ructure ( human society40#bjg ,! process ( enl>gem5t is /ill c>ry+ on4 ,/ates & nations h actually gr[n v close toge!r1 & are increas+ly e/abli%+ (ficial relations betwe5 !mselves4 ,& ! temp] ( ! patriotic _s has become su* t on ! :ole x w n only welcome b fur!r int]national gov]nm5t4 ,9 ?is "* patriotism %[s itself to be a =ce mak+ n only = ! salvation ( ! "o c\ntry b ( mank9d4 ,?is is at once its ju/ification & an indication ( :at !re is 9 x t ! morally good man ought to approve & support4 ,if ! fundam5tal ju/ification ( patriotism is t x /r5g!ns ! pr9ciple ( cop]ation among m5 & makes = peace1 !n its cont9u$ v9dication w be 9 its fur!r support & ext5sion ( ! prim>y pr9ciple = :i* x /&s4 ,!re is good reason :y its relations to w> & int]nationalism are crucial problems ( patriotism4 ,! fundam5tal good ( ! nation is t x is a peace unit1 & if patriotism comes to ! place :]e x /&s = w> m ?an = peace1 & is 9 ! way ( l>g] gr\p+s ( m51 x w h defeat$ itself4 ,! high] patriotism is t :i* looks t[>d int]nationalism4 ,! practical e?ical problem 9 patriotism is t ( sep>at+ ! good f ! evil1 & ( pres]v+ ! =m] :ile all[+ ! latt] to fall into disuse4 ,x is fairly c]ta9 t nationalism & patriotism c\ld n be de/roy$ ev5 if "o ?\ght t su* 0 ! be/ ?+ to d4 ,"s =m ( an organization ( m5 bas$ ^u ! geographical pr9ciple is ) u to /ay 9 at lea/ ! pr$ictable future4 ,& c\ntries w n cons5t to ext9ction4 ,patriotism is ! w to national individuality1 & patriots w insi/ ^u t individuality4 ,9 view ( ^! facts1 x seems t our salvation does n lie 9 break+ up ! units t already exi/1 b 9 secur+ a l>g] measure ( cop]ation betwe5 !m4 ,& x is all ! m sure t we %\ld proce$ 9 t way = ! reason t patriotism secures ?+s ( great value 9 ! _w4 ,if we de/roy$ x1 we %\ld lose ! good along ) ! evil4 ,?is c be illu/rat$4 ,patriotism 9 "o way is national pride4 ,& pride (t5 causes tr\ble4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 x (t5 causes good4 ,x may be said ( national pride along ) ,zimm]man3 8,virtues & vices are (t5 put 9 motion by ! same spr+4 ,x is ! philosoph]'s "p to make kn[n ^! spr+s1 & ! legislator to pr(it by !m4 ,pride is ! gem ( s _m tal5ts & app>5t virtues1 t to de/roy x is wrong1 x %\ld only be turn$ to good4 8,7 m5 n pr\d :at m]it %\ld we miss60#bjh ,if patriotism 7 de/roy$1 x is likely t we %\ld be =c$ to recreate x4 ,! lit]ature on ! subject ( ! details ( recon/ruction aft] ! w> proposes two ma9 l9es ( approa*4 ,"s writ]s place ! greate/ /ress ^u ! readju/m5t ( ! arrangem5ts ( national & int]national gov]nm5t4 ,= in/ance1 ?is s*ool emphasizes ! ne$ = ! int]national control ( backw>d c\ntries & ! ma9 highways ^u ! seas4 ,lippmann says1 8444 ! supreme task ( _w politics is n ! prev5tion ( w>1 b a satisfactory organization ( mank9d4 ,peace w foll[ t40#bji ,! idea seems to be t if ! causes ( friction are effectively remov$1 tr\ble w n arise4 ,ano!r s*ool ( writ]s places its reliance ^u broad5+ ! vision ( m54 ,p[]s repres5ts ?is me?od ( approa*4 ,he says1 8,! *ief rem$y--p]haps we may say ! only rem$y--= ills t fle% is heir to1 is to be f\nd 9 ! increas$ intellig5ce & =be>ance ( m540#baj ,^! me?ods w h to be us$ 9 conjunction ) ea* o!r4 ,x is n safe 9 ! ne> future to tru/ entirely to human nature z long z irritat+ causes ( friction rema91 & by remov+ ! causes ( friction we may all[ ! bellig]5t type ( patriotism to fall into disuse4 ,b nei!r w any m]ely ext]nal arrangem5ts provide security s long z human nature f9ds its glory 9 a *auv9i/ic patriotism4 ,patriotism is ! w to national individuality4 ,x is a major task ( mank9d to see t t w is intellectualiz$ & e?iciz$4 ,,notes ,,"p ,i #a ,!re is a widespread recognition among psy*ologi/s & /ud5ts ( "* t ! /udy ( conduct %\ld beg9 ) ^! unreason$ impulses4 ,= examples ( su* a recognition see ! foll[+3 ,jas4 ,r4 ,angell1 ,*apt]s f ,mod]n ,psy*ology1 pp4 #bd1 #be2 ,wm4 ,mc,dougall1 ,an ,introduction to ,social ,psy*ology1 pp4 #b1 #c1 #dc2 ,gilb]t ,murray1 ,h]d ,in/9ct & ! ,w>1 a lecture 9 ,! ,int]national ,conflict by ,murray & o!rs1 p4 #bc2 ,wilfr$ ,trott]1 ,! ,in/9cts ( ! ,h]d 9 ,peace & ,w>1 p4 #ae2 ,graham ,wallas1 ,! ,great ,society1 p4 #da2 ,e4 ,b4 ,holt1 ,! ,freudian ,wi%1 p4 #acb2 ,walt] ,lippmann1 ,! ,/akes ( ,diplomacy1 p4 #ej2 ,a4 ,f4 ,%&1 ,! ,f\ndations ( ,"*1 ,introduction1 pp4 #a-i4 #b ,cf4 ,francis ,galton3 ,inquiries ,into ,human ,faculty & ,its ,developm5t1 p4 #gb4 #c ,wm4 ,james3 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #dcj4 ,quot$ by ,wm4 ,mc,dougall3 ,social ,psy*ology1 pp4 #he1 #hf4 #d ,wilfr$ ,trott]3 ,! ,in/9cts ( ! ,h]d 9 ,peace & ,w>4 ,o!r writ]s h emphasiz$ greg>i\sness1 b ,trott]'s book is ! mo/ elaborate & important 9 rec5t lit]ature4 ,ari/otle decl>$ t man 0 a social animal4 ,see ,politics1 ,book ,i1 ,*ap4 ,i4 ,cf4 also ,mc,dougall3 ,social ,psy*ology1 p4 #hd4 #e ,w4 ,g4 ,sumn]3 ,folkways1 p4 #ae4 #f ,m>t9 ,conway3 ,! ,cr[d 9 ,peace & ,w>1 p4 #gf4 #g ,gilb]t ,murray3 ,h]d ,in/9ct & ! ,w>1 p4 #cd4 #h ,ibid41 p4 #cg4 #i ,conway3 ,! ,cr[d1 p4 #gi4 #aj ,b]tr& ,russell3 ,:y ,m5 ,fight1 p4 #ea4 #aa ,we h be5 foll[+ "h an article by ,anne ,c4 ,e4 ,all9son entitl$ 8,virgil & ! ,new ,patriotism0 9 ! ,yale ,review1 ,octob]1 #aiag4 #ab ,pr(4 ,max ,f4 ,mey]1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,miss\ri1 9 a lett] 9 ! ,new ,york ,times ( ,augu/ #af1 #aiag4 #ac ,mc,dougall3 ,social ,psy*ology1 p4 #bjh4 ,footnote4 #ad ,! t]ms out-gr\p & 9-gr\p are borr[$ f ,sumn]4 ,see ,w4 ,g4 ,sumn]3 ,folkways4 #ae ,alfr$ ,loisy3 ,! ,w> & ,religion4 #af ,ibid41 p4 #fe4 #ag ,ibid41 p4 #fb4 #ah ,ibid41 p4 #bj4 #ai ,ibid41 p4 #gi4 #bj ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson3 ,patriotism & ,empire4 #ba ,ibid41 p4 #cf4 #bb ,wm4 ,mc,dougall3 ,social ,psy*ology1 p4 #ee4 #bc ,walt] ,lippmann3 ,! ,/akes ( ,diplomacy1 p4 #bjh4 #bd ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson3 ,patriotism & ,empire1 p4 #ach4 #be ,goe!3 ,fau/1 ,"p ,,ii1 ,act #b4 ,! translation "h us$ is quot$ by ,f4 ,m4 ,/awell3 ,patriotism & ,humanity4 ,i4 ,j4 ,e41 ,april1 #aiae1 p4 #bii4 #bf ,mc,dougall3 ,social ,psy*ology1 p4 #adj4 #bg ,= a book t emphasizes ! emulative impulse 9 its acc\nt ( ! behavior ( nations see ,?or/e9 ,vebl53 ,! ,nature ( ,peace4 ,cf4 pp4 #ca ff4 #bh ,william ,james has cont5d$ t ! c5t] ( ! problem ( peace & w> is t !re is an impulse ( pugnacity4 ,cf4 ,! ,moral ,equival5t ( ,w> & ,rem>ks at ! ,peace ,banquet 9 ,memories & ,/udies4 ,,"p ,,ii #bi ,graham ,wallas3 ,! ,great ,society1 p4 #ej4 #cj ,ibid41 p4 #ej4 #ca ,less+3 ,na?an ! ,wise1 ,act ,,iv1 ,sc5e ,,iv4 ,! translation us$ "h is t ( ! edition ( ,geo4 ,alex4 ,kohut4 ,new ,york1 #aiag4 #cb ,w4 ,g4 ,sumn]3 ,folkways1 p4 #bc4 #cc ,= data conc]n+ su* societies 9 ,am]ica see ,sydney ,a>on ,phillips3 ,patriotic ,societies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,no less ?an =ty-f\r are li/$4 #cd ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson3 ,patriotism & ,empire4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,! ,milit>i/ ,regim54 #ce ,hegel3 ,! ,philosophy ( ,"r1 ,dyde's edition4 #cf ,ibid41 p4 #caj4 #cg ,ibid41 pp4 #cac1 #cad4 #ch ,edw>d ,ev]ett ,hale3 ,! ,man ,)\t a ,c\ntry4 #ci ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson3 ,! ,j+oism ( ,poets4 ,see 8 ,criticisms1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 #dj ,graham ,wallas3 ,! ,great ,society1 p4 #aec4 #da ,sumn]3 ,folkways1 pp4 #fcj1 #fca4 #db ,! ,tea*+ ( ,patriotism4 ,9 ,social & ,int]national ,ideals4 ,lect4 ,i4 #dc ,! ,citiz5 ( ,mil=d1 ,conn4 #dd ,cf4 ,h>ry ,pratt ,judson3 ,! ,"y ,am]ican2 ,ella ,lyman ,cabot & ,o!rs3 ,a ,c\rse 9 ,citiz5%ip2 ,con/ance ,d',arcy ,mackay3 ,patriotic ,plays & ,pageants = ,"y ,p4 #de ,russell3 ,:y ,m5 ,fight1 pp4 #afj1 #afa4 #df ,w4 ,g4 ,sumn]3 ,folkways1 pp4 #fce1 #fcf4 #dg ,ibid41 p4 #agg4 #dh ,trott]3 ,in/9cts ( ! ,h]d 9 ,peace & ,w>1 p4 #bje4 #di ,russell3 ,:y ,m5 ,fight1 p4 #aed4 #ej ,mc,dougall3 ,social ,psy*ology1 p4 #ig4 #ea ,cooley3 ,human ,nature & ! ,social ,ord]1 p4 #bfe4 #eb ,graham ,wallas3 ,! ,great ,society1 pp4 #bha1 #bhb4 #ec ,m4 ,gabriel ,t>de has made m ( ?is disposition ?an any o!r writ]4 ,see ,t>de3 ,! ,laws ( ,imitation4 ,8 def9ition ( imitation is on p4 ,,xiv1 9 preface to ! second edition4 #ed ,sumn]3 ,folkways1 p4 #e4 ,italics m9e4 #ee ,c4 ,d4 ,burns3 ,! ,morality ( ,nations1 p4 #ajf4 #ef ,lippmann3 ,! ,/akes ( ,diplomacy1 p4 #ea4 #eg ,sumn]3 ,folkways1 p4 #cj4 #eh ,ibid41 pp4 #gg1 #agc1 #agd4 #ei ,ibid41 p4 #ga4 #fj ,cf4 ,c4 ,d4 ,burns3 ,! ,morality ( ,nations1 pp4 #ad1 #ae4 #fa ,less+3 ,na?an ! ,wise1 ,act ,,iii1 ,sc4 ,,vii4 ,kohut's edition4 #fb ,cooley3 ,human ,nature & ! ,social ,ord]1 p4 #cf4 ,quot$ by ,ross3 ,social ,psy*ology1 p4 #d4 #fc ,ross3 ,social ,psy*ology1 p4 #bgc4 #fd ,russell3 ,:y ,m5 ,fight1 p4 #bcf4 ,! fact t patriotism has be5 relatively uncriticiz$ is n its only s\rce ( /r5g?2 x is an important "o4 #fe ,sumn]3 ,folkways1 p4 #ie4 ,italics m9e4 ,,"p ,,iii #ff ,! beliefs1 h[ev]1 are (t5 closely relat$ to ! impulses & habits1 & may simply be ! latt] rais$ to ! level ( consci\sness4 ,9 fact1 :5 an impulse or a habit gets rais$ to ! consci\s level1 x becomes a belief4 #fg ,graham ,wallas3 ,! ,great ,society1 p4 #cf4 #fh ,alfr$ ,t5nyson4 ,poem has no title4 ,/anza giv5 is ! op5+ "o4 ,see ,! ,works ( ,alfr$ ,"l ,t5nyson1 ,london & ,new ,york1 ,mac,millan ,co41 #ahib1 p4 #fd4 #fi ,h]b]t ,sp5c]3 ,social ,/atics1 p4 #bhc4 #gj ,daniel ,web/]3 ,reply to ,hayne4 ,jan4 #bf1 #ahcj4 #ga ,gre53 ,works4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,obligation1 p4 #chd4 ,italics m9e4 #gb ,cf4 ,?omas ,hobbes3 ,levia?an4 #gc ,j4 ,s4 ,mill4 ,9 lett] to ,john ,/]l+1 ,oct4 #bj-bb1 #ahca4 ,elliott3 ,lett]s1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ae4 #gd ,josiah ,qu9cy1 ,jr43 ,second ,c5t5nial ( ,bo/on4 ,sept4 #ag1 #ahcj4 #ge ,l4 ,t4 ,*amb]l93 ,patriotism & ,! ,moral ,law1 p4 #aj4 #gf ,j4 ,s4 ,mill3 ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,economy1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cig4 #gg ,cf4 ,ari/otle3 ,politics1 ,bk4 ,i1 ,*ap4 #a1 p4 #c4 ,j[ett's edition4 #gh ,cf4 ,plato3 ,! ,republic4 #gi ,edw>d ,ev]ett ,hale3 ,! ,man ,)\t a ,c\ntry4 ,preface1 pp4 ,,iv1 ,v4 ,s*ool edition2 ,bo/on2 ,little1 ,br[n1 & ,co42 #aije4 #hj ,! t]m 8syndicalism0 z "h us$ means r\ghly ! pr9ciple t societal control %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( organizations bas$ ^u ! fact ( common occupation4 ,cf4 ,g4 ,d4 ,h4 ,cole3 ,! ,_w ( ,lab\r4 #ha ,plato3 ,crito1 pp4 #cga ff4 ,j[ett's edition4 #hb ,b]n>d ,bosanquet3 ,social & ,int]national ,ideals1 p4 #h4 #hc ,b]tr& ,russell3 ,:y ,m5 ,fight1 p4 #ee4 #hd ,h]b]t ,sp5c]3 ,social ,/atics1 pp4 #bif1 #big4 #he ,loisy3 ,! ,w> & ,religion1 pp4 #cf1 #cg4 #hf ,zimm]mann3 ,on ,national ,pride1 p4 #id4 #hg ,patrick ,h5ry3 ,spee* 9 ,virg9ia ,legislature1 #agge4 #hh ,abraham ,l9coln3 ,gettysburg ,address4 ,nov4 #ai1 #ahfc4 #hi ,bacon3 ,de ,augm5tis ,sci5t>um1 ,b4 ,,vi1 ,*4 ,,iii4 7,sp$d+ & ,ellis74 ,quot$ by ,alex&] ,f4 ,%&3 ,! ,f\ndations ( ,"*1 p4 #g4 #ij ,walt] ,lippmann3 ,! ,/akes ( ,diplomacy1 pp4 #gd1 #ge4 #ia ,samuel ,adams3 ,prote/ ( ,bo/on ,aga9/ ,taxation4 ,may #bd1 #agfd4 #ib ,john ,dewey3 ,progress1 ,i4 ,j4 ,e41 ,april1 #aiaf1 p4 #cba4 #ic ,cf4 ,vebl53 ,! ,nature ( ,peace1 pp4 #aff1 #afg4 #id ,*amb]la93 ,patriotism & ,! ,moral ,law1 p4 #f4 #ie ,l4 ,p4 ,jacks3 ,! 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,?+s ,m5 ,fight ,=4 #aab ,j4 ,s4 ,mill3 ,lett] dat$ ,oct4 #be1 #ahfe4 ,elliott3 ,lett]s4 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #dg4 #aac ,*as4 ,sumn]3 ,! ,true ,gr&eur ( ,nations4 ,bo/on1 ,july #d1 #ahde4 #aad ,p[]s3 ,! ,?+s ,m5 ,fight ,=1 p4 #cdj4 #aae ,gre53 ,works4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,obligation1 p4 #cch4 #aaf ,see ,anne ,c4 ,e4 ,all9son3 ,virgil & ! ,new ,patriotism1 ,yale ,review1 ,oct41 #aiag1 p4 #aeh4 #aag ,k+3 ,wa%+ton or ,greatness4 ,9 ,patriotism & ,o!r ,pap]s1 pp4 #gb1 #gc4 #aah ,l4 ,s4 ,woolf3 ,int]national ,morality4 ,i4 ,j4 ,e41 ,oct41 #aiae1 p4 #ah4 #aai ,loisy3 ,! ,w> & ,religion1 p4 #ba4 #abj ,elroy ,headley3 ,patriotic ,essays1 ,introduction1 p4 ,,xv4 #aba ,mazz9i3 #ahcd4 ,quot$ by ,rose3 ,nationality 9 ,mod]n ,hi/ory1 p4 #gd4 #abb ,longfell[3 ,! ,build+ ( ! ,%ip4 #abc ,josiah ,qu9cy1 ,jr4 ,spee* at ,second ,c5t5nial ( ,bo/on1 ,sept4 #ag1 #ahcj4 #abd ,wm4 ,watson3 ,! ,true ,patriotism4 ,see ,! ,poems ( ,william ,watson1 ,new ,york & ,london1 ,macmillan ,co41 #ahic1 p4 #gf4 #abe ,*amb]l93 ,patriotism & ,! 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,problem ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #aeb4 #aei ,ibid41 preface1 p4 ,,xxv4 #afj ,fite3 ,individualism1 p4 #agc4 #afa ,h[ison3 ,! ,limits ( ,evolution1 p4 #g4 #afb ,c4 ,m4 ,bakewell3 ,royce ,z an ,int]pret] ( ,am]ican ,ideals4 ,i4 ,j4 ,e41 p4 #cjg1 ,april1 #aiag1 ,vol4 ,,xxvii4 #afc ,joseph ,mazz9i3 ,on ! ,duties ( ,man1 ,*4 ,v4 ,9 ,e4 ,a4 ,v5turi3 ,joseph ,mazz9i1 p4 #cab4 #afd ,ibid41 p4 #cac4 #afe ,ibid41 pp4 #cad1 #cae4 #aff ,ar?ur ,ponsonby1 ,i4 ,j4 ,e41 ,jan41 #aiae1 pp4 #adc1 #add4 #afg ,cit$ by ,edw>d ,ev]ett ,hale3 ,! ,man ,)\t a ,c\ntry1 introduction1 p4 ,,viii4 #afh ,mc,dougall3 ,social ,psy*ology1 p4 #he4 #afi ,gre53 ,works1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,obligation1 p4 #ebc4 #agj ,sumn]3 ,folkways1 pp4 #eff1 #efg4 #aga ,sp5c]3 ,social ,/atics1 p4 #cjj4 #agb ,gre53 ,works1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,obligation1 table ( cont5ts1 p4 ,,xxxv1 = p4 #ddf4 #agc ,h4 ,c4 ,br[n3 ,human ,nature & ! ,/ate1 ,i4 ,j4 ,e41 ,jan41 #aiaf1 p4 #agi4 #agd ,sp5c]3 ,social ,/atics1 p4 #bgi4 #age ,gre53 ,works1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,obligation1 p4 #ddd4 #agf ,rose3 ,nationality 9 ,mod]n ,hi/ory1 p4 #ab4 #agg ,j4 ,b]g ,es5we93 ,%ort ,/ory ,ma/]pieces3 ,russian4 ,introduction to ,gogol1 p4 #fg4 #agh ,w>n] ,fite3 ,individualism1 p4 #ajj4 ,italics m9e4 ,! la/ s5t5ce1 also1 comes be=e ! re/ ( ! passage 9 ! au?or's own text4 #agi ,ibid41 p4 #aab4 #ahj ,joseph ,mazz9i3 ,on ! ,duties ( ,man1 ,*4 ,v4 ,9 ,e4 ,a4 ,v5turi3 ,joseph ,mazz9i1 p4 #cag4 #aha ,erne/ ,b>k]3 ,! ,discr$it$ ,/ate1 ,political ,qu>t]ly1 ,feb41 #aiae1 p4 #aaa4 #ahb ,rob]t ,c4 ,w9?rop3 ,! ,patriot ,travel] 9 a ,=eign ,l&4 ,see ,h4 ,p4 ,judson3 ,! ,"y ,am]ican1 p4 #aah4 #ahc ,vebl53 ,! ,nature ( ,peace1 p4 #adb4 #ahd ,c4 ,d4 ,burns3 ,! ,morality ( ,nations1 pp4 #g1 #fe4 #ahe ,russell3 ,:y ,m5 ,fight1 p4 #aea4 #ahf ,lippmann3 ,! ,/akes ( ,diplomacy1 p4 #ch4 #ahg ,ibid41 p4 #ej4 #ahh ,cf4 ,graham ,wallas3 ,! ,great ,society1 p4 #cjh4 #ahi ,zimm]mann3 ,on ,national ,pride1 p4 #acg4 #aij ,royce3 ,! ,religi\s ,aspect ( ,philosophy1 p4 #bab4 ,italics m9e4 #aia ,anne ,c4 ,e4 ,all9son3 ,virgil & ! ,new ,patriotism1 ,yale ,review1 ,octob]1 #aiag1 p4 #ada4 #aib ,ari/otle3 ,politics1 ,book ,,iii1 ,*4 #c1 p4 #gb4 ,j[ett's translation4 #aic ,graham ,wallas3 ,! ,great ,society1 p4 #aj4 #aid ,sumn]3 ,folkways1 p4 #id4 #aie ,a4 ,c4 ,haddon3 ,univ]sal ,races ,congress1 ,record ( ,proce$+s1 ,london1 #aiaa1 p4 #bf4 ,quot$ by ,g4 ,f4 ,b>b\r1 ,i4 ,j4 ,e41 ,oct41 #aiac1 pp4 #ad1 #ae4 ,footnote4 #aif ,g4 ,f4 ,b>b\r1 ,i4 ,j4 ,e41 ,oct41 #aiac1 p4 #ae4 #aig ,royce3 ,prov9cialism1 p4 #ii4 ,9 ,race ,que/ions & ,o!r ,am]ican ,problems4 #aih ,ibid41 p4 #ii4 #aii ,ibid41 p4 #fe4 #bjj ,ibid41 pp4 #ajj1 #ajb4 #bja ,f4 ,melian ,/awell1 ,i4 ,j4 ,e41 ,april1 #aiae1 pp4 #bif1 #big4 #bjb ,c4 ,d4 ,burns & ,l4 ,s4 ,woolf h made a good deal ( ^! 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,nature ( ! ,/ate 9 ,view ( ,its ,ext]nal ,relations4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,ari/otelian ,society1 #aiae-af4 ,! ,_w ( ,lab\r4 ,london1 #aiac4 ,congress ( ,con/ructive ,patriotism ,proce$+s1 ,janu>y #be1 #aiag1 held "u ! auspices ( ! ,national ,security ,league4 ,new ,york1 #aiag4 ,conway1 ,m>t9 ,! ,cr[d 9 ,peace & ,w>4 ,new ,york1 etc41 #aiae4 ,cooley1 ,*>les ,h4 ,human ,nature & ! ,social ,ord]4 ,new ,york1 etc41 #aijb4 ,c[p]1 ,william ,! ,task4 ,cox1 ,g4 ,c4 ,individuality ,?r\gh ,democracy4 ,! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 ,may #bg1 #aiae4 ,creighton1 ,l\ise ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,9 ,! ,int]national ,crisis3 ,! ,!ory ( ! ,/ate1 by ,l\ise ,creighton & ,o!rs4 ,london1 ,new ,york1 etc41 #aiaf4 ,curtis1 ,g4 ,w4 ,patriotism 7#aheg74 ,education & ,local ,patriotism 7#ahia74 ,9 8 ,orations & ,addresses1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,new ,york1 #ahid4 ,de>m]1 ,p]cy ,patriotism4 ,ox=d ,pamphlets = ,w> ,"t1 ,no4 #ac4 ,london1 ,new ,york1 etc41 #aiae4 ,dewey1 ,john ,=ce & ,co]cion4 ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 ,april1 #aiaf4 ,progress4 ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 ,april1 #aiaf4 ,dewey & ,tufts ,e?ics4 ,new ,york1 ,london1 #aiaj4 ,fir/ publi%$1 #aijh4 ,em]y1 ,h5ry ,c4 ,:at ,is ,realpolitik8 ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 ,july1 #aiae4 ,es5we91 ,j4 ,b]g ,%ort ,/ory ,ma/]pieces3 ,russian4 ,new ,york & ,philadelphia1 #aiab4 ,fite1 ,w>n] ,individualism4 ,new ,york1 etc41 #aiaa4 ,fr5d1 ,william ,patriotism4 ,london1 #ahjd4 ,galton1 ,francis ,inquiries into ,human ,faculty & ,its ,developm5t4 ,new ,york1 #ahhc4 ,gidd+s1 ,f4 ,h4 ,! 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,ego & ,8 ,own4 ,new ,york1 #aijg4 ,kasp> ,s*midt7 ,/\t1 ,g4 ,f4 ,in/9ct & ,intellig5ce4 ,! ,briti% ,j\rnal ( ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 #aiji-aj4 ,w> & ,hatr$4 ,9 ,! ,int]national ,crisis 9 ,its ,e?ical & ,psy*ological ,aspects1 by ,e4 ,sidgwick & ,o!rs4 ,london1 ,new ,york1 etc41 #aiae4 ,/ratton1 ,george ,! ,docility ( ! ,fight]4 ,int]national ,malcolm ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 ,april1 #aiaf4 ,sumn]1 ,w4 ,g4 ,folkways4 ,bo/on1 #aijg4 ,sumn]1 ,*>les ,! ,true ,gr&eur ( ,nations1 ,july #d1 #ahde4 ,talbot1 ,ell5 ,b4 ,individuality & ,fre$om4 ,! ,philosophical ,review1 ,vol4 #ah1 #aiji4 ,t>de1 ,gabriel ,! ,laws ( ,imitation4 ,new ,york1 #aijc4 ,t5nyson1 ,alfr$ ,poetical ,works4 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahib4 ,t[ns5d1 ,h>vey ,! ,pr9ciple ( ,individuality 9 ! ,gates ,philosophy ( ,?omas ,hill ,gre54 ,cornell ,ph4 ,d4 ,!sis4 ,lanca/]1 ,pa41 #aiad4 ,trott]1 ,wilfr$ ,! ,in/9cts ( ! ,h]d 9 ,peace & ,w>4 ,new ,york1 #aiag4 ,vebl51 ,?or/e9 ,an ,inquiry into ! ,nature ( ,peace & ! ,t]ms ( ,its ,p]petuation4 ,new ,york1 ,london1 etc41 #aiag4 ,v5turi1 ,e4 ,a4 ,joseph ,mazz9i4 ,) two essays by ,mazz9i3 ,?\ghts on ,democracy & ,! ,duties ( ,man4 ,london1 #ahge4 ,wallas1 ,graham ,human ,nature 9 ,politics4 ,london1 #aijh4 ,! ,great ,society4 ,new ,york1 #aiad4 ,wa%+ton1 ,george ,lett] to ! ,gov]nors1 #aghc4 ,f>ewell ,address1 #agif4 ,watson1 ,j4 ,b4 ,behavior4 ,new ,york1 #aiad4 ,watson1 ,william ,! ,true ,patriotism4 ,9 ,works4 ,new ,york1 ,london1 etc41 #ahic4 ,web/]1 ,daniel ,reply to ,hayne1 #ahcj4 ,wordswor?1 ,william ,complete ,poetical ,works4 ,london1 #aiji4 ,woolf1 ,l4 ,s4 ,int]national ,morality4 ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 ,octob]1 #aiae4 ,int]national ,gov]nm5t4 ,fabian ,rese>* ,dep>tm5t4 ,london1 #aiaf4 ,zimm]man1 ,j4 ,g4 ,on ,national ,pride4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,london1 #agga4 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,9 a few cases1 obvi\s errors 9 punctuation h be5 correct$4 ,page #bh3 8ess5tials 9 ! disipl9e0 *ang$ to 8ess5tials 9 ! discipl9e0 ,page #cb3 8,!re is a compusion0 *ang$ to 8,!re is a compulsion0 ,page #cc3 8is is put "u0 *ang$ to 8x is put "u0 ,page #dg3 8x is n admissable0 *ang$ to 8x is n admissible0 ,page #dh3 8ties :i* b9ds0 *ang$ to 8ties :i* b9d0 ,page #ha3 8w be to be nationally0 *ang$ to 8w to be nationally0 ,page #he3 8exi/5ce 9 !re0 *ang$ to 8exi/5ce is !re0 ,page #ajc3 8,at at rate0 *ang$ to 8,at any rate0