,transcrib] ,note ,emphasis d5ot$ by ,italics & ,bold4 ,:ole & fractional p>ts ( numb]s z #abc-d_/e4 ,table ( ,cont5ts add$ to aid ! read]4 ,,manuals ,,= ,,! ,,_m ,no4 ,,iii4 ,,bee-,,keep+4 ,,by ,,! ,,late ,j4 ,h4 ,,payne ,esq4 ,,?irtie? ,illu/ration ,,?\s& ,,price ,,f\rp5ce4 ,,london3 ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,horticulture ,,& ,,cottage ,,g>d5] ,,(fice1 #aga1 ,,fleet ,,/4 ,e4,c4 ,,fir/-,,class ,,illu/rat$ ,,g>d5+ ,,p]iodical ,publi%$ ,weekly1 ,price #c;d42 ,/amp$1 #c-a_/b;d4 ,,! ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,horticulture1 ,,cottage ,,g>d5]1 ,,c\ntry ,,g5tleman1 ,,bee-,,keep]1 ,,& ,,p\ltry ,,*ronicle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,edit$ ,,by ,g4 ,w4 ,,johnson1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 ,,rob]t ,,hogg1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,assi/$ by a ,/aff ( ! be/ ,writ]s on ,practical ,g>d5+ & o!r ,rural ,pursuits connect$ ) ! ,h\sehold4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is long-e/abli%$ & widely circulat+ ,j\rnal consi/s ( ,?irty-two ,pages ( ,lett]-press1 ) occasional ,supplem5ts ( eight additional ,pages2 & is ri*ly ,illu/rat$ ) ,wood ,engrav+s 9 ! highe/ /yle ( ! ,art4 ,! subjects treat$ on embrace e dep>tm5t ( ,g>d5+1 & ,rural & ,dome/ic ,economy1 ! lead+ object be+ to r5d] ?is ,j\rnal a welcome gue/ 9 e c\ntry home4 ,natural ,hi/ory & ,botany1 s f> z !y relate to ,g>d5+ & ,husb&ry1 are amply treat$ on1 & embrace ,zoology1 ,geology1 ,m9]alogy1 ,meteorology1 & ,physiological1 ,/ructural1 ,sy/ematic1 & ,popul> ,botany4 ,biographies & ,portraits ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ,horticulturi/s4 ,reviews ( ,new ,books relat+ to ! above subjects2 ,reports ( ,horticultural & ,p\ltry ,societies' ,meet+s ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry2 & ,sci5tific ,notices4 ,to ,adv]tis]s ! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture w be f\nd a valuable & effective m$ium1 f its ext5sive circulation among ! middle & upp] classes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,specim5 ,numb] s5t by ,po/ = #c-a_/b;d4 ,/amps4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,(fice3 #aga1 ,,fleet ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 ,to be _h ( all ,booksell]s1 & at ! ,railway ,/alls2 or direct f ! ,(fice on prepaym5t ( ! foll[+ t]ms3--,"o ,qu>t]1 #cs4 #i d42 ,half ,ye>1 #gs4 #f;d42 ,"o ,ye>1 #aes4 ,,bee-,,keep+ ,,= ,,! ,,_m2 ,,or ,,! ,,managem5t ,,( ,,! ,,common ,,& ,,ligurian ,,honey ,,bee1 ,,includ+ ,,! ,,selection ,,( ,,hives ,,& ,a ,,bee-,,keep]',s ,,cal5d>4 ----ooo---- ,by ,j4 ,h4 ,,payne1 ,esq4 ,a ,,new ,,edition ,,revis$ ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,,by ,,! ,,editors ,,( ,,! ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,horticulture4 ,,?irtie? ,illu/ration ,,?\s&4 ,,london3 ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,horticulture ,,(fice1 #aga1 ,,fleet ,,/reet4 ,,london ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,! ,,horticultural ,,press4 #aga1 ,fleet ,/reet4 ,,bee-,,keep+ ,,= ,,! ,,_m4 ----ooo---- ,,cont5ts ,natural ,hi/ory #c ,situation ( ! ,api>y #e ,hives #f ,payne's ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive #f ,neighb\r's ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive #h ,neighb\r's ,obs]vatory ,hive #i ,taylor's ,amateurs' ,hive #aj ,f5n's ,hive #aa ,! ,/ew>ton ,hive #ac ,tegetmei]'s ,hive #ad ,! ,woodbury ,hive #ae ,me?od ( ,secur+ ,combs 9 ,frames #ai ,sw>m+ #bj ,unit+ ,sw>ms #bc ,v5tilation #bd ,fe$+ #be ,mann] ( ,tak+ ,honey #bh ,/upify+ ,bees #bi ,me?od ( ,dra9+ ,honey f ! ,combs #bi ,prep>ation ( ,wax #cj ,mead #cj ,honey ,v9eg> #ca ,rem$ies ,= ! ,/+ ( a ,bee #ca ,bee ,dress #cb ,pur*as+ ,/ocks #cb ,! ,ligurian ,or ,yell[ ,alp ,bee #cb ,to ,unite a ,ligurian ,que5 to a ,common ,/ock ,or ,sw>m #cd ,multiply+ ,sw>ms ( ,ligurians #ce ,bee-keep]'s ,cal5d> #cg ,janu>y #cg ,febru>y #ch ,m>* #dj ,april #db ,may #df ,june #ej ,july #ec ,augu/ #ee ,septemb] #ei ,octob] #fa ,novemb] #fc ,decemb] #fe ,,natural ,,hi/ory4 ,! foll[+ brief b compreh5sive epitome ( ! pr9cipal facts 9 ! natural hi/ory ( ! ,honey ,bee is f ! p5 ( ,mr4 ,woodbury1 ( ,exet]1 bett] kn[n to ! read]s ( ,! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture z ,a ,devon%ire ,bee-keep]4 ,! ,que54--,!re is 9 e prosp]\s colony ( ,bees a que51 or "m ,bee1 ^: peculi> (fice is to lay ! eggs f :i* ! future ,bees proce$4 ,h] fecundity is amaz+1 x be+ comput$ t %e is capable ( lay+ f #aejj to #bjjj eggs a-day4#a ,%e receives ! greate/ att5tion & respect f ! o!r ,bees2 none ( !m appe> will+ to turn _! backs ^u h]1 b all are wat*ful to (f] food & anticipate h] e want4 ,! cells 9 :i* que5s are re>$ diff] v consid]ably f ^? ( ! work]s or drones1 be+ mu* l>g]1 & hang+ 9 ne>ly a p]p5dicul> position1 g5]ally f ! edges ( ! combs4 ,que5 ,bees occupy ab\t sixte5 days f ! lay+ ( ! egg to ! evolution ( ! p]fect insect1 & take w+ :5 a few days old1 9 ord] to pair ) a male ,bee or drone4 ,:5 once fecundat$1 a que5 ,bee cont9ues f]tile dur+ ! rema9d] ( h] life4 ,accord+ to ,hub]1 fecundation is imp]fect :5 delay$ beyond tw5ty days1 & drone eggs only are laid ev] aft]w>ds2 b ! obs]vations & exp]im5ts ( ,dzi]zon & ,b]leps*1 :i* h be5 confirm$ by ,yon ,siebold1 ! di/+ui%$ ,g]man naturali/1 prove t ?is ph5om5on is r to be ascrib$ to p>!nog5esis1 & t a drone-bre$+ que5 is 9 reality a virg9 que54 ,i h myself succe$$ 9 repeat+ & v]ify+ ! microscopical inve/igations ( ,von ,siebold1 :i* e/abli% ?is rem>kable fact beyond ! possibility ( a d\bt4 ,que5 ,bees are readily di/+ui%$ by _! l>g] size1 be+ fully "o-?ird long] ?an ! common ,bees1 & are arm$ ) a /+1 :i*1 h[ev]1 !y r>ely use1 except 9 combat ) "o ano!r4 ,footnote #a3 ,que5 ,bees ( ! ,ligurian species are /at$ to lay z _m z #bjjj to #cjjj eggs p] diem4 ,! ,work]s are imp]fect females4 ,!re is no d\bt t e work] egg or grub n m ?an a few days old is capable1 by appropriate treatm5t1 ( becom+ develop$ into a p]fect female or "m ,bee4 ,if ! que5 is remov$ f a hive ! ,bees avail !mselves ( ?is p[] by enl>g+ c]ta9 work] cells1 & rais+ !refrom que5s :i* diff] 9 no respect f ^? br$ 9 ! usual mann]4#b ,:5 ?is int]ruption ( ! ord9>y c\rse ( ?+s has tak5 place1 x is occasionally f\nd t ! ov>ies ( "s ( ! work]s h become suffici5tly develop$ to admit ( _! deposit+ drone eggs1 al?\gh ,yon ,siebold decl>es !m to be p]fectly incapable ( pair+ ) ! male4 ,! work]s con/itute ! great majority 9 e heal?y colony1 & ^u !m devolves ! lab\r ( collect+ honey = ! subsi/5ce ( all1 poll5 = fe$+ ! "y1 & propolis = /opp+ any crevice :i* might h>b\r an enemy4 ,!y are also occupi$ 9 secret+ wax1#c build+ combs1 fe$+ ! "y & ! que51 z well z gu>d+ & v5tilat+ ! hive4 ,hub] notic$ two k9ds ( work+ ,bees1 :i* he d5om9at$ respectively nurses & wax-work]s4 ,?is division ( ! work]s into two classes has evok$ ridicule f "s1 & has be5 reg>d$ ) incr$ulity by _m4 ,my own obs]vations prove1 h[ev]1 t !re really is a division ( lab\r among ,bees1 & t :il/ ! y\ng] portion ( ! community devote !mselves to ! home duties ( ! hive1 _! eld]s are employ$ 9 rang+ ! woods & fields to provide su/5ance = ! entire family4 ,work]s arrive at maturity 9 ab\t tw5ty-"o days f ! lay+ ( ! egg4 ,footnote #b3 ,advantage is tak5 ( ?is rem>kable fact 9 ! =mation ( artificial sw>ms1 c4 ,footnote #c3 ,wax is a secretion f ! body ( ! ,bee1 & n a mat]ial convey$ into ! hive4 ,9 ord] to =m wax ,bees mu/ h access hi!rto honey or "s o!r sac*>9e sub/ance4 ,! ,drones are males :i* take no "p 9 ! duties ( ! hive1 & ^: use appe>s to be t ( fecundation4 ,!y are all[$ to exi/ only dur+ summ]1 :5 !y are v num]\s1 app>5tly out ( all proportion to ! p]fect females4 ,b ?is app>5t disproportion is only a means to secure ! important end1 t :5 a que5 takes h] w$d+ flights %e may h a good *ance ( atta9+ h] object4 ,al?\gh ! drones are mu* l>g] & /rong] ?an ! work]s1 !y h no /+s :]e) to def5d !mselves1 & are ?ru/ out ( ! hive to p]i% :5 _! (fice is accompli%$4 ,!y mature 9 ab\t tw5ty-f\r days aft] ! egg is laid & are br$ 9 l>g] cells ?an ! work]s4 ,,situation ,,( ,,! ,,api>y4 ,aspect4--,i w comm5ce by giv+ ! aspect be/ suit$ = ! ,bees to be plac$ 94 ,i h tri$ all aspects1 & h no hesitation 9 say+ t ! s\? is ! be/4 ,bee-h\ses ( all k9ds ,i v mu* dislike2 _m hives are ru9$ by !m2 !y are exp5sive 9 ! fir/ place1 & !y =m a %elt] = _! wor/ enemies1 mice1 mo?s1 spid]s1 c41 & n ! lea/1 dampness1 :i* is ru9\s to !m4 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! hives be+ plac$ s\?1 or z ne>ly s z may be conv5i5t2 if at all v>y+ f x1 give !m a little incl9ation to ! ea/1 & be sure to place !m s t !y h ! morn+ sun1 = ! honey-ga!r+ = ! day usually f9i%es by two o'clock2 !re=e an h\r 9 ! morn+ is ( mu* importance to ! ,bees1 z well z to _! proprietors4 ,ano!r inconv5i5ce aris+ f ,bee-h\ses is t sev]al hives be+ plac$ ^u ! same bo>d enc\rages pilf]+1 & r5d]s x almo/ impossible to op]ate ^u "o hive )\t di/urb+ ! :ole4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,/& = ,hive4--,hav+1 !re=e1 = ^! reasons1 recomm5d$ ! ab&onm5t ( ,bee-h\ses altoge!r1 ,i w\ld say1 ,place ea* hive ^u r sep>ate bo>d support$ by a s+le p$e/al #d or #e in*es 9 diamet]--a piece ( wood ) ! b>k on does rem>kably well2 place x firmly 9 ! gr\nd1 & ab\t #ae in*es f its surface4 ,^u ! top ( ?is po/ %\ld be nail$ firmly a piece ( bo>d #h or #i in*es squ>e1 ^u :i* %\ld be plac$ ! bo>d ! hive /&s ^u1 b n unit$ to x1 s t ! hive may be remov$ :5ev] requir$ )\t di/urb+ ! ,bees4 ,clay or mort> %\ld nev] be us$ to fa/5 ! hive to ! bo>d2 ! ,bees w d t 9 a mu* m effectual mann] !mselves1 ) a sub/ance !y collect f res9\s trees call$ propolis4 ,mort> or clay t5ds v mu* to decay ! hives2 & hives manag$ on ?is pr9ciple are expect$ to /& = fifte5 or ev5 tw5ty ye>s4 ,let ! hives be plac$ ab\t #c feet ap>t f ea* o!r1 & 9 a "r l9e4 ,! be/ cov]+1 z a protection f ra91 is a l>ge flat e>!n pan 7a milk-pan7 suffici5tly l>ge to prev5t ! drip f fall+ ^u ! bo>d4 ,x w\ld 9 all cases be well to give !m ! %elt] ( a wall or f5ce f ! nor?1 b on no acc\nt place !m close to x1 b leave a space ( #d or #e feet at lea/ = a pa?2 = ! op]ations ( tak+ (f small hives1 glasses1 or boxes ( honey1 are mu* m conv5i5tly effect$ at ! back ?an 9 ! front ( ! hives4 ,x w\ld be well to clean ! bo>ds on :i* ! hives /& f\r times 9 ! ye>--namely1 9 ,janu>y1 ,m>*1 ,april1 & ,novemb]4 ,janu>y & ,m>* are ! mo/ important4 ,! place :]e ! hives are fix$ %\ld be kept cle> ( we$s2 & plants :i* rise 9 height equal to or exce$+ ! entrance ( ! hives %\ld n be suff]$ to gr[ ne> !m4 ,,hives4 ,i am m & m conv9c$1 f exp]i5ce1 t ,bees d mu* bett] 9 broad1 %all[ hives1 ?an 9 any o!rs4 ,all ! hives t ,i h us$ myself = ! la/ ?ree ye>s1 & ^? t ,i h _h made = ! la/ two1 h be5 ( ?is k9d--namely1 #g in*es deep1 & #ad in*es wide1 measur+ 9 ! inside4 ,! only inconv5i5ce t c possibly arise f a hive ( ?is %ape is1 t f ! great weight ( sup]s :i* ye> aft] ye> x w h to be>1 ! top w s9k a little2 !re=e x %\ld nev] be us$ )\t an adapt+-bo>d ( #ab in*es squ>e2 ?is w take ! weight ( ! sup]s f ! c5tre to ! side ( ! hive2 inde$1 x w\ld be bett] to let ! adapt+-bo>d rema9 a fixture ^u ! hive :5 once fa/5$ d[n by ! ,bees1 & %\ld ! corn]s at all int]f]e ) ! cov]1 :]e ! milk-pan is us$1 !y may be r\nd$ (f a little to ! size ( ! hive4 ,,payne',s ,,improv$ ,,cottage ,,hive4 ,) reg>d to ! mat]ials ( :i* hives are made1 ,i believe x to be a matt] ( indiff]5ce :e!r /raw or wood be us$1 b ! facility & economy 9 ! con/ruction ( /raw hives mu/ always be a recomm5dation1 especially to ! cottag]4 ,hav+1 !re=e1 decid$ ^u ! mat]ials = cottag]s' hives1 _! =m mu/ n[ be consid]$4 ,= /raw hives ,i w\ld recomm5d ! foll[+ size3--#g in*es deep & #ad 9 diamet]2 /raight at ! sides & flat at ! top2 9 %ape l a half-bu%el measure4 ,a hole %\ld be made 9 ! top #d in*es 9 diamet]1 & a piece ( /raw-"w1 l t ( :i* ! hive is made1 l>ge en\gh to cov] x1 mu/ be fa/5$ ov] ! hole2 n to fit 91 b to cov] ov] x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,x is bett] to h a groove made 9 ! floor-bo>d = an entrance ?an to cut a piece out ( ! hive4 ,! entrance %\ld be #c in*es wide by ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* high1 to :i* affix a piece ( copp] or z9c1 ab\t #f in*es long by #c in*es wide1 hav+ a groove to admit two slid+ plates1 "o p]=at$1 & ! o!r hav+ a hole l>ge en\gh to all[ b "o ,bee to come out at a "t4 ,great advantages arise f ?is little app>atus2 ! p]=at$ slid] is us$ to conf9e ! ,bees to _! hive :5 sn[ lies ^u ! gr\nd1 :i* entices !m out1 & !y p]i%2 x is useful1 also1 :5 fe$+ becomes necess>y1 to exclude all intrud]s4 ,! o!r slid] is us$ bo? 9 spr+ & autumn1 prev5t+ ei!r robb]s or wasps f ent]+2 = ?ree or f\r ,bees1 ) ! help ( ?is slid]1 c gu>d ! entrance m effectually ?an t5 times t numb] )\t x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,supply ( ,hives4--,to ^? p]sons :o are dispos$ to adopt ! v simple me?od ( manag+ _! ,bees t ,i h = s _m ye>s successfully foll[$1 ,i w\ld say1 ,procure a supply ( ,payne's ,improv$ ,cottage ,hives2 also ( small hives1 #h in*es 9 diamet] & #g in*es deep1 flat at ! top ) a bit ( glass 9 "o side cov]$ by a %utt]4 ,?is hive is 9 %ape ! same z ! l>ge "o1 & ) a hole 9 ! top cov]$ ) a piece ( /raw-"w 9 ! same mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,boxes & ,bell-,glasses4--,%\ld boxes be pref]r$1 ^? :i* ,i use are made ( in*-?ick deal1 #i in*es squ>e1 & #h in*es deep--inside measure2 ) a piece ( glass #f in*es by #g-a_/b1 let 9 on "o side1 & cov]$ by a %utt] to exclude ! light4 ,bell-glasses may also be us$ ) equal success if ! light be effectually exclud$4 ,i usually put on a bell-glass fir/1 & :5 p>tially fill$1 raise x up & place betwe5 x & ! p>5t hive ! small hive or box above describ$4 ,i say p>tially fill$1 because1 if all[$ to rema9 till fill$1 ! ,bees w\ld v probably sw>m1 :i* ! additional room & v5tilation giv5 !m1 by plac+ ei!r ! box or small hive betwe5 ! glass & p>5t hive1 w prev5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,adapt+-,bo>d4--,a good supply ( adapt+-bo>ds mu/ also be 9 read9ess4 ,!y %\ld be made ( mahogany1 = x w all[ ( be+ work$ v ?91 )\t ! risk ( w>p+ :5 us$4 ,!y are a qu>t] ( an in* 9 ?ickness 7?is is important71 #ab in*es squ>e1 ) a circul> hole 9 ! middle #d in*es 9 diamet]4 ,,neighb\r',s ,,improv$ ,,cottage ,,hive4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,i w\ld say t x consi/s ( a /raw1 circul>1 l[] comp>tm5t1 hav+ ?ree w9d[s & outside %utt]s2 a !rmomet] is fix$ across ! c5tre w9d[1 s t ! ,bees _c "w betwe5 x & ! glass1 & ?us int]cept ! view ( ! graduat$ scale4 ,?is little !rmomet] is f\nd to be a useful app5dage1 z x af=ds to ! api>ian a correct indication ( ! /ate ( ! hive at all seasons ( ! ye>4 ,?is l[] or /ock hive re/s on a /\t wood5 floor1 at lea/ #b in*es 9 ?ickness1 project+ 9 front z a l&+-place = ! ,bees1 :i* ent] "u ! hoop atta*$ to ! /raw1 by means ( a sunk5 way2 ! hoop is us$ to ov]come ! unev5 surface ( ! /raw1 z well z to give durability to ! hive4 ,! top is also ( wood1 hav+ ?ree or m circul> op5+s1 ( ab\t #c in*es diamet]1 to receive z _m glasses4 ,9 ! top ( ea* glass is a small hole1 ?r\gh :i* a tube ( p]=at$ z9c is susp5d$1 ^u :i* guide-combs may be fix$2 x also =ms a conv5i5t support1 to :i* ! ,bees atta* _! combs4 ,ov] ! glasses is plac$ a cov] ( /raw 7also hoop-b\nd71 closely fitt+ ! top ( ! /ock hive1 & secur$ by means ( ?umb-screws1 s t x c be remov$ ) great facility1 to all[ ( inspection or op]ations4 ,?is /raw cov] is surm\nt$ by a v5tilator1 =m+ a neat f9i%1 & by :i* ! temp]ature ( ! glasses may be regulat$4 ,,neighb\r',s ,,obs]vatory ,,hive4 ,is ( v /\t glass1 ) an op5+ at ! top ( ab\t #b in*es diamet]1 ov] :i* a small glass may be plac$ :5 necess>y4 ,! l>ge1 or /ock hive1 /&s on a mahogany floor-bo>d1 ) a circul> s9k+ to receive x2 !re are holes 9 ! floor-bo>d1 cov]$ ) p]=at$ z9c1 = ! purpose ( v5tilation4 ,)9 ! hive1 on an upright support ris+ f ! floor-bo>d1 are arrang$1 9 p>allel l9es at "r angles1 eight b>s ( ab\t an in* wide1 leav+ a space next ! glass all r\nd1 to :i* ! bees 9 ! fir/ in/ance atta* _! combs1 guide combs hav+ be5 plac$ ^u !m4 ,!re is a cov] made ( /raw = ! :ole1 :i* rea*es ! floor-bo>d1 & c be rais$ at pleasure2 a l&+-place1 project+ z usual1 ) a sunk5 way to all[ ! ,bees egress & +ress1 :i* completes ! contrivance4 ,,taylor',s ,,amateurs' ,,hive4 ,hav+ ?us f> giv5 my plan = manag+ ,bees 9 ! ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive1 ,i w\ld n[ address a few words to ! amateur1 = ! purpose ( recomm5d+ to 8 att5tion "o ( ! 'be/ amateur's hives t ,i h ev] se54 ,x 0 inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,taylor1 au?or ( ,! ,bee-keep]'s ,manual1 & is call$ ,taylor's ,amateurs' ,b> ,hive4 ,by ! introduction ( b>s ea* comb is made available1 :e!r = sep>ate extraction or = exp]im5tal purposes4 ,inde$1 9 ?is hive bo? ! ,bees & _! /ore are at all times completely "u ! comm& ( _! proprietors4 ,f ?is hive f9e honey may be obta9$1 sw>m+ effectually prev5t$1 & artificial sw>ms1 :5 requir$1 insur$4 ,i 0 k9dly fav\r$ ) "o ( ! above hives f ! inv5tor 9 "t to h a sw>m hiv$ into x on ! #bh? ( ,may4 ,9 ab\t ?ree weeks f t "t1 ,i f\nd x necess>y to put on ! upp] box2 & e>ly 9 ,septemb] ,i took x (f1 conta9+ #cj lbs4 ( ! f9e/ honeycomb1 yet leav+ a full supply 9 ! l[] or /ock-box = ! ,bees dur+ ! w9t] & spr+4 ,ano!r great advantage f ?is hive1 above all o!rs1 is1 t a comb may be extract$ at any "t1 :i*1 :]e glasses or boxes are us$1 _c be done2 ^! mu/ be fill$ be=e !y are remov$1 or mu* loss ( "t is occasion$ to ! ,bees4 ,hav+ already describ$ ! hive ,i mo/ approve (1 ,i w n[ give a description ( a newly-inv5t$ "o ( my own4 ,conv9c$1 z ,i h = "s "t be51 ( ! _m advantages aris+ f hav+ e hive fitt$ ) b>s1 ,i h at l5g? con/ruct$ a squ>e /raw hive ( t k9d1 :i*1 f its inexp5siv5ess1 ,i tru/$ w\ld h come )9 ! rea* ( almo/ e cottag]2 b s9ce putt+ toge!r ! little items ( co/ = its sev]al p>ts ,i fe> t ,i am mi/ak51 = x c co/ b little1 if any1 less ?an #hs4 ,! hive1 z ,i h already said1 is ( /raw1 & p]fectly squ>e1 #ac-a_/b in*es by #ac-a_/b1 fitt$ ) eight b>s ( #a-a_/h in* wide1 ) a cov] ( wood--! b>s are kept 9 _! places by z9c fitt+s4 ,! op5+s 9 ! cr[n-bo>d are s plac$ z to all[ ( "o l>ge glass1 or two or ?ree small ones1 be+ work$4 ,x is protect$ f ! wea!r by a milk-pan only 9 ! w9t]1 & 9 ! summ]1 :il/ glasses are on 7:i* may be cov]$ ) an old hive71 by a milk-pan & z9c %ade4 ,f ! facility giv5 by ! b>s to r5ew ! combs1 ?is hive may be expect$ to /& = _m ye>s3 !re=e1 two or ?ree coats ( pa9t %\ld be giv5 x be=e ! ,bees are put into x1 & an additional "o e ye> or two aft]w>ds2 &1 z a fur!r means ( pres]v+ x f decay1 ! floor-bo>d %\ld be ! exact size ( ! hive1 s t ! drip f ! milk-pan cle>s x4 ,a slight projecture 9 front = alight+ mu/ ( c\rse be all[$2 b by a c>eful adju/m5t ( ! milk-pan ! drip may be made to escape ?is also4 ,,f5n',s ,,hive4 ,!re is an admirable hive contriv$ by ,mr4 ,rob]t ,f5n1 ( ,wood/ock1 describ$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture1 & :i* has prov$ "o ( ! be/ ( :at may be call$ cottage hives4 ,x consi/s ( a /raw hive1 fig4 #ac1 #c1 #af in*es 9 diamet]1 #aa in*es deep1 /raight-sid$1 q flat on ! top1 ! p]man5t mahogany adapt+ bo>d hav+ a c5tral hole ab\t #c in*es 9 diamet]1 ov] :i* is plac$ a ?9ni% r\nd ( plait$ /raw1 slightly secur$ ) wall nails1 ?\gh suffici5tly s to prev5t ! egress ( ! ,bees4 ,two pieces ( h>d-wood /icks run completely & c5trally ?r\gh at "r angles to support ! comb4 ,! c5tral hole ( ! adapt]1 fig4 #i1 is fitt$ ) a moveable r\nd piece ( ?9 deal t fits exactly to ! size ( ! hole1 & ?is is support$ by f\r p9s t are let into ! sides ( ! hole1 & project ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in*1 s z to all[ ! flap to re/ ^u !m4 ,! edges ( ! r\nd$ flap are cutaway z repres5t$ fig4 #i1 s z to leave op5+s betwe5 ! flap & ! adapt] ( n m ?an "o-qu>t] ( an in*1 :i* w admit ! work] ,bees to asc5d upw>ds1 b n ! que5 or ! drones4 ,two o!r op5+s may be cut n q "o-qu>t] ( an in* broad1 & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ! sides4 ,two r[s ( holes may be bor$1 or a slit too n>r[ to all[ a ,bee to pass1 may be =m$ along ! c5tre ( ! flap to act z an air-passage4 ,a /rip ( pap] pa/$ to ! flap & ! adapt] w =m a sort ( h\se4 ,pa/e ano!r piece ( adhesive on at ! opposite end ( ! flap only4 ,:5 ! p]man5t adapt+ bo>d is plac$--= x is nev] remov$ dur+ ! honey-ga!r+ season--^u ! hive1 take (f ! small r\nd piece ( plait$ /raw f ! top c5tral hole1 & quickly place a glass tumbl] inv]t$ ov] ! hole1 :i* effectually prev5ts a ,bee f escap+ to place itself 9 jeop>dy or to annoy ! op]ator4 ,!n if ! top ( ! hive is at all sunk51 :i* is frequ5tly ! case1 h small deal fillets 7fig4 #h71 a trifle wid] 9 diamet] ?an ! c5tral hole ( ! adapt]1 & ( v>i\s dep?s1 to slip ov] ! tumbl]1 & a w9d ( cotton wadd+ also to lay ne>ly ar\nd ! outside circumf]5ce on ! top ( ! hive4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,!n place on ! p]man5t adapt+ bo>d 7fig4 #i71 :5 ! tumbl] w obtrude itself up ?r\gh ! flaphole1 & no insect w ev] be able to pass ! cotton wadd+ "o way1 nor1 by reason ( ! fillet1 w ! ,bees be able to g betwe5 ! hive & ! adapt] on ! o!r4 ,n[ moi/5 ! end ( ! adhesive pap]1 quickly take away ! tumbl]1 d[n ) ! flap1 press ! adhesive pap] on to ! bo>d1 & place ! sup]-bo>d 7fig1 #aj71 :i* mu/ h a flap 9 its c5tre to exactly correspond ) ! "o bel[4 ,two guide p5cil-m>ks on ea* bo>d1 previ\sly m>k$1 w po9t out _! prop] positions2 & by reason ( ^! duplicate op5+s 9 ! flaps x w be se5 by illu/ration to admit ( two glasses 7fig4 #aj a a71 be+ work$ 9 lieu ( "o1 :i* is ano!r great po9t ga9$ 9 a good & e>ly honey season4 ,n[ slip a c>pet-bag ov] ! glasses to keep !m w>m1 & ! sup]-ov]-hive ov] t2 & !n cov] ! :ole ) a br[n glaz$ milk-pan4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,fig4 #aa is a second small sup]-bo>d to correspond ) ! above1 except+ t ! c5tral hole rema9s )\t a flap2 =1 unless d\ble sup]s are work$ ?r\gh\t ! season1 a ?ird flap is unnecess>y1 & ! sup] #c in*es high or s1 & ( any diamet] "o likes com+ )9 ! measurem5t ( ! bo>d1 is ( wood1 glass1 or /raw4 ,^! are mo/ly fig-drums cut 9 halves1 or at lea/ to ! requir$ dep?1 hav+ a piece ( glass let ne>e/ ! bo>d1 s z to admit ( "o's see+ :5 ! ,bees h ne>ly complet$ _! combs1 & are ready = ano!r4 ,:5 ! "t arrives1 :5 x w be se5 by exam9ation t ! ,bees h ne>ly complet$ _! honey-combs 9 ! glasses1 & are 9 want ( m room2 all t "o has to d to accommodate !m is m]ely to lift up bo>d & glasses1 fig4 #aj1 slip a bo>d & sup] & fillet on top 9 its place1 fig4 #aa1 & set fig4 #aj on ! top ( x1 :i* w !n repres5t fig4 #ac4 ,! n>r[ fillet w prev5t ! bo>d f com+ flu% d[n on ! top ( ! newly-ins]t$ sup]1 :i* has a hole ( only ab\t #a-a_/b in* 9 diamet] 9 its top2 a second small sup]-bo>d w\ld answ] ?is same purpose--viz41 leave a vacuum !re = ! ,bees to asc5d to complete ! seal+-ov] ( _! combs 9 ! glasses1 :i* !y w pres5tly d1 & till :51 ( c\rse1 ! pieces ( c>pet+ & sup]-ov]-hive is re9/at$4 ,payne's /raw sup]s are g5]ally us$ = ! ?ird removes4 ,!y co/ !re ab\t #as4 ea* ( ,mr4 ,major 9 ! ,trav]se1 ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 ,suffolk4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,fig4 #ab is ! sup]-ov]-hive1 a foot deep1 & ab\t #ad in*es inside diamet]4 ,holes are work$ 9 _! tops1 ab\t #c in*es 9 diamet]1 ! same z = ! ,bee hives1 to all[ ! f\l air to circulate up & away1 or ! top may be omitt$ altoge!r z is repres5t$ 9 engrav+4 ,,! ,,/ew>ton ,,hive4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s !re h be5 great *anges introduc$ 9 ! =m & arrangem5ts ( ,bee hives1 :i* h met ) ! highe/ approval ( our be/ practical api>ians4 ,( ^! we %all j notice ^? :i* h come 9 = ! greate/ %>e ( fav\r1 & :i* are obta9able at a price :i* is )9 ! means ( p]sons ( ord9>y income4 ,! ,/ew>ton ,hive may be said to h revolutionis$ ! :ole sy/em ( /orify+ b> hives4 ,x has be5 9 use = _m ye>s 9 ,ayr%ire1 & _! introduction to ! s\? is due to ! late ,mr4 ,eagle%am1 ( ,/ew>ton--an en?usia/ic & v successful api>ian ,^! hives consi/ ( boxes ( an octagonal %ape1 ?ree ( :i* are set "o ^u ! o!r & con/itute a hive4 ,! inside measure is #ac-c_/d in*es across f side to side1 or f back to front4 ,! height ( ! box1 measur$ inside1 is #e-c_/d in*es4 ,! bottom is p]fectly op54 ,! top is q flat1 & consi/s ( sev5 fix$ b>s1 ea* #a-a_/b in* wide1 plac$ p>allel to ea* o!r 9 ! direction f back to front4 ,! spaces betwe5 ! b>s are ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* wide1 & are capable ( be+ clos$ by /rips ( wood1 :i* slide 9 grooves made 9 ! sides ( ! b>s1 & :i* c readily be drawn out beh9d :5 requir$4 ,across ! middle ( ea* box1 at half its height1 is a cross b> s]v+ to support ! comb4 ,w9d[s ) slid+ %utt]s are plac$ 9 ! back & front ( ea* box1 & an entrance is cut out ( ! front1 #c in*es 9 wid? by half an in* 9 height1 ) a slide to close x to any requir$ ext5t4 ,9 addition to ! set ( ?ree boxes1 a %all[ honey-box #c-c_/d in*es 9 dep?1 & )\t an entrance 9 ! front1 b o!rwise made 9 precisely ! same mann]1 is us$ z a sup]4 ,^! boxes be+ us$ on ! /orify+ sy/em1 !y are furni%$ ) buttons & hooks = ! purpose ( secur+ !m toge!r4 ,! g5]al outl9e ( ! managem5t is z foll[s3--,a sw>m is hiv$ into two boxes communicat+ ) ea* o!r4 ,:5 ^! are ne>ly fill$ ) comb a honey-box is plac$ above1 neatly furni%$ ) guide-combs on ! b>s4 ,:5 ! ,bees are fairly at "w 9 ! honey-box1 ! ?ird body box may be add$ bel[ to give increas$ room & prev5t sw>m+4 ,9 ! w9t] ?is ?ird box is remov$1 & ! comb x conta9s left 91 z x possesses a value well kn[n to e skill$ ,bee-keep]4 ,fe$+ :5 requir$ is lib]ally pursu$1 en\gh be+ giv5 at once 9 ! autumn to la/ till spr+4 ,! fe$+-box1 #h in*es squ>e by #a-a_/b in* deep1 is divid$ by /rips ( wood into divisions half an in* wide4 ,?is is plac$ on ! top ( ! hive1 cov]$ ov] ) a box1 & ! slides )drawn to p]mit ! ,bees to asc5d to ! food4 ,,tegetmei]',s ,,hive4 ,a modification ( ! ,/ew>ton boxes 0 propos$ by ,mr4 ,tegetmei]1 :o adopt$ ! squ>e =ms in/ead ( ! octagonal1 & :i* c]ta9ly has ?is advantage ov] its prototype1 t ! moveable b>s w fit any place 9 any box4 ,! ,/ew>ton may be describ$ z consi/+ ( two or m /orify+-boxes1 ea* furni%$ ) sev5 loose b>s to :i* ! combs are atta*$4 ,^! are kept 9 _! places by eight slides1 :i*1 :5 9 position1 r5d] ! loose b>s p]fect fixtures1 s t ! boxes may be inv]t$ )\t ! b>s or slides los+ _! position4 ,! size ( ,mr4 ,tegetmei]'s boxes 0 orig9ally #aa-c_/d in*es squ>e inside1 & ( two sizes 9 dep?--viz41 #g in*es & #e in*es1 b n[ he recomm5ds !m to be #ac-a_/b in*es squ>e inside by #aa in*es deep1 ea* conta9+ eight frames4 ,! plan ( work+ ! ,/ew>ton & ,tegetmei] boxes is ! same4 ,a v /rong sw>m1 or two weak ones1 are plac$ 9 two boxes1 & :5 ^! are well fill$1 z may be se5 by look+ ?r\gh ! w9d[ beh9d1 a honey box or glass is plac$ ov]1 & communication made by )draw+ ! slides4 ,,! ,,woodbury ,,hive4 ,be/1 by f> ! be/1 ( all ?is =m ( ! b> hive1 is t introduc$ by ,mr4 ,woodbury1 :o has done s mu* ( late to ext5d our k (1 & acqua9tance )1 ! habits ( ! ,bee4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,! foll[+ is ,mr4 ,woodbury's own description ( ! hive1 z x appe>$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture3-- ,9 compliance ) ! wi%es ( num]\s correspond5ts1 ,i h mu* pleasure 9 submitt+ to ! read]s ( ! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture1 a description ( my frame hives1 sup]s1 & out] cases1 z at pres5t 9 use 9 my api>y4 ,frame ,hives are made ( in* wood1 #ad-a_/b in*es squ>e1 & #i in*es deep inside1 dovetail$ & put toge!r ) pa9t1 ! ends ( ! dovetails be+ p9n$ ?r\gh ) /\t iron wire driv5 f ! top & bottom1 & meet+ 9 ! c5tre4 ,a w9d[ #g-a_/b in*es long by #d deep af=ds a slight view ( ! int]ior f ! back 7n ! front z engrav$71 b is mu* ob/ruct$ by ! frames4 ,! cr[n-bo>d :i* is rais$ 9 ! engrav+1 fig4 #ad1 is key$ to prev5t w>p+1 & is secur$ by f\r long brass screws pass+ ?r\gh ! ends ( ! keys4 ,a two-in* c5tral hole = fe$+ is ! only ap]ture1 & ?is is clos$ :5 n 9 use by a circul> block ( "o-&-a-qu>t]-in* wood #e in*es 9 diamet]4 ,a ?ree-eigh? rabbet is cut out ( ! top inn] edge at ! back & front1 & bel[ ?is are not*es sev5-eigh?s wide by ?ree-eigh?s deep1 9 :i* re/ ! ends ( ! frames4 ,?is arrangem5t af=ds ! ,bees a free passage above ! frames z well z bel[ & at _! sides4 ,! annex$ sket*1 fig4 #ae1 ( ! int]ior angle ( "o ( my hives is drawn ! full size1 & w s]ve z a guide = ! arrangem5t ( ! frames1 :i* are t5 9 numb]1 & are plac$ at equal di/ances ap>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,comp\nd ,b>-frame4--,?is is a contrivance ( my own1 :i* ,i h f\nd v advantage\s 9 enabl+ me to use frames 9 /ock hives & b>s 9 sup]s )\t =feit+ ! advantages aris+ f ! unlimit$ int]*angeability ( e comb 9 e hive & sup] 9 ! api>y4 ,its con/ruction w be readily und]/ood by an inspection ( ! annex$ sket*1 fig4 #af1 9 :i* ! comb-b> is %[n slightly rais$ f its frame4 ,! b> itself is #ac-a_/d in*es long by sev5-eigh?s wide & ?ree-eigh?s ?ick2 ^! dim5sions mu/ be rigidly adh]$ to1 z e comb-b> %\ld fit e hive & sup] 9 ! api>y4#d ,! slips ( wood =m+ ! frame are sev5-eigh?s ( an in* wide & five-sixte5?s ( an in* ?ick1 ) ! exception ( ! projections at ! top1 :i* are ! same ?ickness z ! b>s1 & are five-eigh?s ( an in* long4 ,:5 ! comb-b> is 9 its place ! :ole =ms a frame #ac in*es long by #g-a_/d in*es high 7inside measure71 ) a five-eigh? projection at ea* end1 :i* re/s 9 its appropriate not* 9 ei!r ! back or front ( ! hive4 ,! accompany+ engrav+1 fig4 #ag1 repres5ts ! frame fill$ ) comb1 9 :i* /ate ! b> becomes s firmly cem5t$ to ! frame z to admit ( its be+ h&l$ ) ! greate/ facility4 ,footnote #d3 ,x is a good plan to comm5ce by mak+ a patt]n b> ( mahogany1 :i* %\ld be tak5 are ( & us$ z a guide :5ev] comb-b>s are requir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,improv$ ,comb-b>4--,?is little contrivance has prov$ v effectual 9 secur+ /raight combs :5 guide-combs are n atta9able4 ,! annex$ sket*1 fig4 #ah1 is a section ( ! new b>4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t ! l[] angles are r\nd$ (f2 :il/ a c5tral rib is add$ ( ab\t an eigh? ( an in* 9 bread? & dep?4 ,?is c5tral rib ext5ds to )9 half an in* ( ea* end1 :]e x is remov$ 9 ord] to admit ( ! b> fitt+ into ! usual not*4 ,all t is necess>y to insure ! regul> =mation ( combs is to coat ! und]nea? surface ( ! c5tral rib ) melt$ wax4 ,my practice is to use pla9 b>s :5ev] guide-combs are atta9able z ^! c be atta*$ ) mu* great] facility to a pla9 ?an to a ribb$ b>2 b :5ev] ,i put 9 a b> )\t comb ,i always use "o ( ! improv$ ones4 ,by ?is me?od crook$ & irregul> combs are altoge!r unkn[n 9 my api>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,floor-bo>ds4--,my floor-bo>ds are made ( "o-&-a-qu>t]-in* wood1 key$ to prev5t w>p+1 are #ah in*es squ>e1 & %[ a projection ( ab\t an in* beyond ! ext]ior ( ! hive1 f :i* !y are *amf]$ d[n on all sides ne>ly ?ree-eigh?s ( an in*4 ,an entrance #c in*es or #d in*es wide is cut 9 front out ( ! sub/ance ( ! bo>d comm5c+ at ! edge1 & cont9u+ on ! same level until inside ! hive1 :]e x slopes upw>ds4 ,! entrance =m$ 9 ?is mann] is five-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 height :]e ! hive crosses x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,alight+-bo>ds are moveable1 be+ atta*$ to ! floor-bo>ds by means ( a c\ple ( p9s ( /\t wire2 !y are made f a piece ( a silk-roll]1 #b in*es 9 diamet] by #h long1 r\nd$ (f at ! ends1 :i* :5 qu>t]$ makes f\r alight+-bo>ds4 ,! surface %\ld be r\gh5$ by a too!d plane4 ,sup]s are #ac in*es squ>e inside & ( v>i\s dep?s4 ,six in*es deep is a conv5i5t size1 &1 :5 fill$1 w conta9 ne>ly #cj lbs4 ( honey4 ,! engrav+1 fig4 #ai1 repres5ts a v neat glass sup] ( ?is size1 :i* is manufactur$ by ,messrs4 ,neighb\r4 ,x %[s also ! adapt] ) its longitud9al communications ne> ! sides ( ! hive1 & :i* replaces ! cr[n-bo>d :5 a sup] is put on4 ,z ! honey-combs 9 sup]s are bett] :5 made ( a great] ?ickness ?an ^? int5d$ = bre$+1 ,i place only eight comb-b>s 9 a ?irte5-in* sup]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,hive-ro(s & ,out] ,cases are made ( half-in* wood #aa in*es wide4 ,! =m] is sep>ate1 & is cross-bradd$ toge!r at ! angles ) a two-&-a-qu>t]-in* turn$ acorn 9 ! c5tre2 its frame fits loosely ov] ! cov] & re/s on angle-pieces at ! corn]s4 ,a half-in* op5+ is left "u ! eaves all r\nd = v5tilation4 ,! hive-cov] is dovetail$ toge!r & glu$1 ) a brad driv5 ?r\gh ea* ( ! t5ons2 x re/s on ! ext]ior projection ( ! floor-bo>d1 & is reta9$ 9 its place by a pl9? #b in*es wide1 :i* fits loosely outside ! latt]4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t all wood5 ro(s & outside cases require to be kept well pa9t$1 :il/ no pa9t %\ld ev] be appli$ to ! hive itself4 ,:5 a sup] is put on a second out] case becomes necess>y1 & ?is fits loosely on ! fir/1 :5 ! hive appe>s z x is repres5t$ 9 ! annex$ engrav+4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,secur+ ,,combs ,,9 ,,frames4 ,:5 transf]r+ combs into frames we tempor>ily secure !m 9 position by ! aid ( slips ( wood a sixte5? ( an in* ?ick by half an in* wide1 tack$ on ea* side1 & "o or m z9c slips z del9eat$ 9 ! engrav+4 ,all ^! artificial supports %\ld be remov$ z soon z possible4 ,! combs w g5]ally be f\nd firmly fix$ 9 less ?an =ty-eight h\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,,sw>m+4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s :5 ,bees are manag$ ^u ! depriv+ sy/em1 t = want ( timely room & v5tilation be+ giv51 a sw>m comes (f f ! /ock hive1 leav+ ! bell-glass1 or small hive :i* has be5 plac$ ^u x1 9 an unf9i%$ /ate4 ,n[1 :5ev] ?is happ5s1 let ! sw>m be hiv$ into ,! ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive1 & ! bell-glass or small hive1 ) ! adapt]1 imm$iately remov$ f ! /ock hive1 & plac$ ^u ! newly-hiv$ sw>m2 & z soon z ! ,bees are a little settl$ 7say 9 fifte5 m9utes71 remove ! new-hiv$ sw>m to ! place 9 :i* x is int5d$ to rema91 c>e be+ tak5 to fa/5 d[n ! /raw cov] ^u ! p>5t hive2 = no fur!r pr(it c be expect$ f x beyond a second1 &1 p]haps1 a ?ird sw>m1 :i* are almo/ sure to foll[4 ,9 ?is me?od ( imm$iately remov+ a sw>m to ! api>y1 ,gelieu agrees ) me1 & = :i* he gives ! foll[+ reasons3--,mo/ p :o h ,bees all[ _! sw>ms to rema9 till ! ev5+ 9 ! place :]e !y h alight$1 & d n move !m to ! api>y till aft] sunset4 ,?is me?od has _m inconv5i5ces4 ,z soon z a sw>m has congregat$ 9 ! new hive1 & seems to be at ease 9 x1 ! mo/ indu/ri\s among ! ,bees fly (f to ! fields1 b ) a great _m precautions2 !y desc5d ! front ( ! hive1 & turn to e side to exam9e x ?or\ghly1 !n take flight1 & make "s circles 9 ! air 9 ord] to reconnoitre _! new abode2 !y d ! same 9 return+4 ,if ! sw>m has tak5 flight 9 ! morn+1 ! same ,bees make sev]al excursions dur+ ! day1 & ea* "t ) less precaution1 z1 becom+ famili>is$ ) _! dwell+1 !y are less afraid ( mi/ak+ x2 & ?us1 next morn+1 suppos+ !mselves 9 ! same place1 !y take w+ )\t hav+ obs]v$ :]e !y h sp5t ! night1 & surpris$ at _! return n to f9d ! hive 9 ! same place1 !y fly ab\t all day 9 se>* ( x1 until !y p]i% ) fatigue & despair4 ,?us _m hundr$s ( ! mo/ indu/ri\s lab\r]s are lo/2 & ?is may be entirely avoid$ if ! sw>ms be remov$ z soon z ! ,bees are p]ceiv$ com+ out3 ?is sign is alone suffici5t4 ,exp]i5ce has long s9ce prov$ t ! cu/om ( beat+ w>m+-pans1 & ! l1 at ! "t a sw>m leaves ! hive is p]fectly useless4 ,mu* tr\ble may be sp>$ ! ,bees if ! loose /raws be remov$ f its int]ior2 & ! be/ me?od ( effect+ ?is is fir/ to s+e !m ) a wax tap] & aft]w>ds to remove !m ) a h>d bru%4 ,x is n[ an asc]ta9$ fact t ! old que5 accompanies ! fir/ sw>m2 ! p]iod :i* usually transpires betwe5 ! fir/ & second sw>ms is f n9e to ?irte5 days2 betwe5 ! second & ?ird ! "t is mu* %ort]4 ,if second sw>ms come by ! middle ( ,june1 & /ocks are requir$1 x w be well to pres]ve !m1 = aft]-sw>ms h always "y que5s1 :i* is a great advantage4 ,%\ld second sw>ms n come till ,july1 let !m be return$ to ! p>5t hive1 or put two ( !m toge!r4 ,symptoms ( ,sw>m+4--,! symptoms prec$+ a fir/ sw>m are ! rapid increase 9 numb]s clu/]+1 or hang+ out1 & drones becom+ num]\s & unusually active4 ,^? ( an aft]-sw>m are mu* m c]ta91 =1 n9e or t5 days aft] ! dep>ture ( ! fir/ sw>m1 a s+ul> noise1 call$ pip+1 may be he>d 9 ! /ock4 ,! fir/ note1 says ,mr4 ,gold+1 is long & pla9tive1 & is utt]$ by ! pr9cess already at lib]ty2 %e trav]ses ! hive1 & /ops ^u1 or ne>1 ! royal cells :i* /ill conta9 brood1 & emits h] long pla9tive note4 ,?is1 :5 ! o!r "y que5s are suffici5tly =w>d1 g5]ally 9 ab\t two days1 is answ]$ by !m f )9 _! cells 9 a quick1 %ort1 ho>se note2 aft] ^! la/ h be5 he>d = ab\t two days ! sw>m may be expect$ to come (f4 ,?ird sw>ms %\ld ei!r be return$ to ! p>5t hive1 or add$ to a second sw>m1 = by !mselves !y are totally valueless4 ,sometimes an e>ly fir/ sw>m1 :5 additional room is n suppli$ at ! "t requir$1 w s5d out ano!r sw>m3 ?is g5]ally occurs 9 ab\t a mon?1 b x is a ?+ by no means to be desir$1 & %\ld c>efully be prev5t$ by giv+ timely room4 ,hiv+4--,:atev] sy/em is adopt$ let ev]y?+ be 9 read9ess = ! reception ( sw>ms1 = ev5 :]e ! depriv+ sy/em is foll[$1 f "s ov]sight on ! "p ( ! api>ian a sw>m w occasionally occur4 ,wat* ! sw>m 9 sil5ce1 & aft] x has once collect$1 lose no "t 9 h\s+ x into a new1 clean & dry hive 7its weight ) ! floor-bo>d be+ fir/ tak5 & m>k$ ^u x71 & let x he plac$ :]e x is to rema9 )9 t5 or fifte5 m9utes aft] ! "t ( its be+ hiv$2 x w n be necess>y ev5 to wait till ! ,bees clu/]$ 9 front or on ! sides ( ! hive are reunit$ to _! companions inside1 z !y are nev] long 9 be+ s4 ,hives ) ,comb 9 ,!m4--,hives ( comb1 9 :i* sw>ms ( ! la/ ye> h di$1 %\ld be c>efully pres]v$ = hiv+ sw>ms into !m2 x gives a sw>m treat$ 9 ?is mann] full ?ree weeks' advantage ov] ano!r put at ! same "t into an empty hive4 ,putt+ ,glasses ( ,small ,hives ^u ,sw>ms4--,! mo/ prop] "t = putt+ ! bell-glass1 or small hive1 or box1 ^u a sw>m1 w be f ! eighte5? to ! tw5ty-fir/ day aft] _! be+ hiv$2 & %\ld x be quickly fill$1 & m room requir$1 :i* may be kn[n by ! cr[d$ /ate ( ! ,bees inside ! glass1 & by _! be+ se5 to clu/] at ! m\? ( ! hive at n9e or t5 9 ! morn+1 let no "t be lo/ 9 lift+ up ! glass1 & plac+ betwe5 x & ! /ock hive a small hive or box ) a hole 9 ! top4 7,see page #h74 ,x is necess>y to use ?is precaution at all times1 b m especially 9 a ra9y season1 z a great] disposition among/ ! ,bees to sw>m !n prevails4 ,dry wea!r makes pl5ty ( honey1 & moi/ ( sw>ms1 says good ,mr4 ,pur*ase2 &1 h[ev]1 incorrect ?is position may at fir/ sight appe>1 ! att5tive obs]v] w quickly become conv9c$ ( its tru?4 ,second ,sw>ms4--,a second sw>m g5]ally leaves ! hive ab\t n9e days aft] ! fir/2 b ! "t may be exactly asc]ta9$ by /&+ quietly beside ! hive aft] sunset1 :5 ! que5 may be di/9ctly he>d totun 9 hir treble voic1 7,butl]'s ,fem99 ,mon>*i1 ,ed4 #afdc71 :i* is a c]ta9 indication t a second sw>m w leave ! hive4 ,%\ld two or ?ree que5s be he>d "o aft] ! o!r1 x w be on ! foll[+ day1 if ! wea!r be n v unfav\rable4 ,%\ld ! que5s cont9ue to pipe aft] ! dep>ture ( a second sw>m1 a ?ird w c]ta9ly foll[ 9 a few days2 b if "o or two que5s be f\nd dead b5ea? ! hive on ! next morn+1 no m sw>ms c be expect$4 ,,unit+ ,,sw>ms4 ,i mu/ "h obs]ve t second & ?ird sw>ms are v seldom1 if ev]1 wor? pres]v+ by !mselves2 b two second sw>ms1 :5 jo9$1 are v little inf]ior 9 value to a fir/ sw>m1 & ! union is v easily effect$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,:5 two second sw>ms1 or a second & ?ird1 come (f on ! same day1 hive !m sep>ately1 & leave !m till an h\r & a half aft] sunset2 !n spread a clo? ^u ! gr\nd1 ^u :i*1 by a sm>t & sudd5 movem5t1 %ake all ! ,bees out ( "o ( ! hives1 & imm$iately take ! o!r & place x g5tly ov] ! ,bees t are heap$ toge!r ^u ! clo?1 w$g+ up "o side ab\t half an in*1 t ! ,bees outside may pass "u1 & !y w in/antly asc5d into x & jo9 ^? :i*1 n hav+ be5 di/urb$1 are quiet 9 _! new abode4 ,next morn+ be=e sunrise1 remove ?is newly-unit$ hive to ! place 9 :i* x is to rema94 ,?is d\bl$ population w "w ) d\ble success1 & 9 ! mo/ p]fect h>mony1 & g5]ally become a /rong /ock1 f :i* mu* pr(it may be d]iv$4 ,two second sw>ms1 or a second & ?ird1 may be jo9$ 9 ! same mann]1 al?\gh "o ( !m may h sw>m$ "s days or ev5 weeks lat] ?an ! o!r2 tak+ c>e1 h[ev]1 n to make ! fir/ "o ent] ! second1 b ! second ! fir/4 ,a ?ird & a f\r? p>cel ( ,bees may be jo9$ to !m at diff]5t times 9 ! same way till ! /ock becomes /rong4 ,x is almo/ impossible suffici5tly to impress ^u ! m9d ( e "o :o keeps ,bees ! necessity ( hav+ 8 /ocks all /rong2 = weak /ocks are v tr\blesome1 v exp5sive1 & seldom1 if ev]1 af=d any pr(it4 ,mr4 ,taylor says1 ,! /rong] ! colony at ! outset1 ! bett] ! ,bees w "w1 & ! m prosp]\s x w become4 ,i nev] knew a weak "o d well long2 & a little extra exp5se at fir/ is amply rew>d$ by succe$+ ye>s ( prosp]ity & ultimate pr(it4 ,& aga91 ,?us /r5g? 9 "o ye> begets x 9 succe$+ ones2 & ?is pr9ciple ought to be borne 9 m9e by ^? :o imag9e t ! defici5t population ( "o season w be made up 9 ! next1 & t ! loss ( ,bees 9 ! w9t] is ( second>y consequ5ce1 =gett+ h[ influ5tial is _! w>m? to ! e>li] & increas$ productive p[]s ( ! que52 & h[ important x is1 9 ! op5+ spr+1 to be able to sp>e f ! home duties ( ! hive a numb] ( collectors to add to ! /ores1 :i* w\ld o!rwise n keep pace ) ! crav+s ( ! ris+ g5]ation4 ,x is a rem>kable fact1 t two weak /ocks jo9$ w collect d\ble ! quantity ( honey1 & consume mu* less1 ?an two ( ! same age & /r5g? kept sep>ately4 ,/ocks mu/ be jo9$ aft] sunset1 ^u ! day t "o ( !m has sw>m$2 & ! d\ble /ock mu/ be plac$ ^u ! /& x previ\sly occupi$2 great c>e mu/ be tak5 n to %ake ! hive1 nor mu/ x be turn$ up4 ,! combs be+ new & t5d]1 w easily break1 & ! /ock by t means be de/roy$4 ,,v5tilation4 ,mu* has be5 said ab\t v5tilation1 & _m are ! inv5tions = effect+ x1 b ,i h n se5 "o t is really effici5t2 its advantages1 bo? 9 prev5t+ sw>ms & 9 pres]v+ ! col\r ( ! combs1 no p]son at all acqua9t$ ) ! managem5t ( ,bees w d5y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4 ,! be/ v5tilator t ,i h se5 is ?is ( ,mr4 ,taylor's4 ,! v5tilator ,i use1 says ,mr4 ,t41 consi/s ( d\ble tubes1 bo? re/+ on a flaun* 9 ! hole prep>$ = !m2 ! out] tube is ( "o-in* diamet]1 & #f in*es long1 ) six half-in* holes disp]s$ ov] x2 x is soon fix$ d[n 9 its place by ! ,bees1 & s mu/ rema94 ,! inn] tube is p]=at$ z9c1 ) a t9 project+ top z a h&le1 & a cap to put on or (f ?is z requir$4 ,! ,bees w /op up ! z9c tube :5 !y c get at x1 :5 x may be turn$ r\nd a little to pres5t a new surface2 :5 :olly /opp$ x may be )drawn f its place1 & a clean tube sub/itut$4 ,?is may be done )\t ! lea/ dang] to ! op]ator2 b x %\ld be ins]t$ c>efully1 to avoid cru%+ any ,bees t may h crept )9 ! out] tube4 ,an exit to ^! is af=d$ by ! hole at ! bottom4 ,! sub/ance ) :i* ,bees glue up all crevices & atta* _! combs is call$ propolis1 a res9\s exudation f c]ta9 trees1 ( a fragrant smell1 & removable by ! aid ( hot wat]4 ,9 adapt+ ,mr4 ,taylor's v5tilator to ! small hive or box1 ! inn] tube mu/ be made )\t ! project+ top z a h&le1 & ! cap made ev5 ) ! flaun*4 ,aft]1 all1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ c]ta91 z well z ! mo/ simple1 plan is to lift ! /ories ap>t ^u small pieces ( %eet lead1 especially betwe5 ! /ock hive & glass box1 or small hive 9 imm$iate connection ) x4 ,! /ock hive itself may also be rais$ half an in* f ! floor-bo>d by blocks ( wood ( t ?ickness4 ,?is precaution is necess>y only 9 v sultry wea!r1 & :5 sw>m+ is likely to occur4 ,no fe>s ne$ be ent]ta9$ at ?is "t ( robb]s2 = :5 honey is to be _h abroad ! ,bees w n pilf] x f _! neighb\rs at home4 ,z soon z ! v hot wea!r is ov]1 x w be necess>y to remove ! blocks & re/ore ! hives to _! orig9al position4 ,,fe$+4 ,! be/ k9d ( food t c be giv5 to ,bees is honey liquefi$ ) a small portion ( w>m wat]2 b :]e honey is sc>ce & de>1 an excell5t sub/itute w be f\nd 9 lump sug>4 ,?ree p\nds ( sug> to a p9t ( wat]1 boil$ = two or ?ree m9utes1 & !n mix$ ) a p\nd ( honey1 ?is w make five p\nds ( excell5t food1 :i* ! ,bees appe> to l q z well z honey alone4 ,or ?ree p\nds ( lump sug> may be dissolv$ 9 two p\nds ( wat] by be+ boil$ a m9ute or two4 ,?is is a v *eap & simple ,bee food1 & really answ]s e purpose4 ,( all o!r k9ds ( food 7:]e honey 9 ! combs _c be _h7 b>ley-sug> is ! be/1 & n only ! be/ & ! *eape/1 b ! safe/ & by f> ! lea/ tr\ble2 = :5 liquid food is us$ x is c>ri$ d[n by ! ,bees imm$iately ^u its be+ suppli$ & /or$ 9 ! combs1 & ! proprietor has no means ( kn[+ at :at "t ! /ore is exhau/$1 & a fre% supply requir$2 b x is n s ) b>ley-sug>1 = :il/ a morsel rema9s1 :i* may easily be se51 x is c]ta9 ! ,bees w n die ( want4 ,! be/ me?od ( supply+ x is at ! top ( ! hives or boxes4 ,my plan is to tie a doz5 /icks ( x toge!r1 & aft] op5+ ! hive at top1 to place ! b>ley-sug> ov] ! op5+1 & to cov] x ) a g>d5-pan or fl[]-pot2 & j be=e x is all consum$1 give a fre% supply 9 a simil> way4 ,p]sons g5]ally are apt to imag9e t z soon z a few blossoms make _! appe>ance 9 ! spr+ _! ,bees w n want any att5tion1 :i* is a v great mi/ake1 z _m a "y api>ian has discov]$ bo? to 8 co/ & disappo9tm5t2 = dur+ ! mon?s ( ,m>* & ,april great] c>e is requir$ 9 fe$+ ?an at any o!r "t1 = ! population is !n rapidly increas+1 & 9 a wet & cl\dy season no supplies :atev] c be obta9$ b by artificial means4 ,to ,make ,b>ley-sug>4--,put two p\nds ( loaf sug> into a saucepan ) half a p9t ( wat]1 & two spoonfuls ( ! be/ v9eg>2 put x on a g5tle fire1 let x boil till ! syrup becomes s ?ick t ! h&le ( a spoon be+ dipp$ into x1 & !n plung$ into cold wat]1 ! syrup ^u ! h&le is f\nd to be q crisp2 :5 ?is is ! case x is suffici5tly boil$4 ,hav+ an e>!n di% or m>ble slab 9 read9ess1 well butt]$1 p\r ! syrup ^u x1 &1 :5 suffici5tly cool to h&le1 clip x ) scissors into /rips ! size desir$4 ,! process ( boil+ takes ab\t tw5ty m9utes4 ,fe$+ ,bottles4--,! v be/ mode ( adm9i/]+ liquid food is by means ( an inv]t$ bottle1 ! m\? ( :i* %\ld be ti$ ov] ) a bit ( co>se l5o or cap-net4 ,x is a mi/ake to use musl9 = ?is purpose1 or1 9 fact1 any mat]ial ! me%es ( :i* are less ?an a sixte5? ( an in* wide4 ,) common hives ! bottle-neck may be ins]t$ 9 ! c5tral ap]ture1 :i* usually exi/s 7if n1 "o %\ld be made ) a %>p p5knife71 9 ! top1 & refill$ z (t5 z may be necess>y4 ,) flat-topp$ hives ! bottle %\ld be support$ by its neck be+ fitt$ into a p]=at$ block ( wood ab\t five in*es 9 diamet]1 & x w be f\nd conv5i5t to int]pose a piece ( p]=at$ z9c to prev5t ! ,bees escap+ :5 ! bottle is refill$4 ,a f\r or six-ounce m$ic9e phial is a good size = spr+-fe$+1 :il/ a common pickle-bottle leaves no?+ to be desir$ :5 a copi\s supply is requir$ 9 autumn4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,a fe$+-bottle %\ld be fill$ by ! food be+ p\r$ into x f a jug1 & if ! neck be n>r[ x may1 aft] ! m\? is ti$ ov]1 be quickly inv]t$ ov] ! ap]ture 9 ! top ( ! hive1 s t :at food escapes may run into ! hive & d[n among ! ,bees4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! m\? be wide1 z 9 ! case ( a pickle-bottle1 x %\ld be fir/ inv]t$ ov] ! jug & /eadily convey$ to ! hive 9 a rev]s$ position ,:5 a bottle is prop]ly manag$ no food runs d[n into ! hive aft] x has be5 plac$ ^u x1 b all rema9s p]fectly susp5d$ :il/ x is be+ gradually remov$ by ! ,bees1 :i* f9d no difficulty 9 empty+ a full-siz$ pickle-bottle e night4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 a1 ,circul> hole ?r\gh :i* ! ,bees asc5d2 b1 ,! fe$+-pan conta9+ ! food1 :i* is put 9 at ! side sp\t1 c1 & ^u :i* ! float rises & falls4 ,fe$+-pans4--,hav+ be5 frequ5tly appli$ to = ! plan ( a fe$+-pan be/ adapt$ = my ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive1 ,i am induc$ to answ] ! v _m applicants by giv+ a description ( ! "o ,i h be5 us+ = ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s4 ,x is made ( /\t z9c1 circul>1 #h in*es 9 diamet]1 #b-a_/b in*es deep1 hav+ a circul> hole ( #b-a_/b in*es 9 ! middle ( ! bottom1 ) a rim r\nd x /&+ up #b in*es2 a float ( wood1 v ?9 & p]=at$ ) holes1 is made to fit inside1 b suffici5tly easy to rise & fall ) ! liquid 9 ! pan2 ! holes 9 ?is float mu/ fir/ be made ) a gimlet1 & !n burnt ) an iron1 or !y w fill up aft] hav+ be5 9 use a little "t2 ! :ole is cov]$ by a lid ) an inside rim1 ! lid hav+ a piece ( glass 9 ! c5tre ( #b-a_/b or #c in*es 9 diamet]4 ,:5 fir/ us+ ?is fe$+-pan1 ,i f\nd mu* inconv5i5ce 9 be+ oblig$ to remove ! lid e "t t a fre% supply ( food 0 requir$4 ,to obviate ?is difficulty1 ,i _h a half circle #c in*es 9 diamet]1 atta*$ to its sides1 ) a lid or cov]1 & communicat+ ) ! int]ior ( ! fe$+-pan by a hole cut 9 ! side1 & cov]$ ) a piece ( p]=at$ z9c1 s t by look+ ?r\gh ! glass 9 ! lid ,i c see :5 a fre% supply ( food is requir$2 & ,i h !n only to raise ! lid ( ?is additional side-piece1 & p\r 9 ! food1 :i* passes readily ?r\gh ! p]=at$ z9c1 & raises ! wood5 float ^u its surface4 ,f\r v small tacks %\ld be driv5 into ! "u side ( ! float1 at equal di/ances f ea* o!r1 to prev5t its go+ q to ! bottom ( ! pan2 & x is also necess>y = ! rim 9 ! c5tre ( ! pan to be r\gh$ ) a file1 or to be l9$ ) p]=at$ z9c1 to enable ! ,bees to asc5d m easily ?an !y w\ld o!rwise d if x 0 left q smoo?4 ,! float %\ld be less ?an an eigh? ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 & is bett] to be made ( mahogany4 ,,mann] ,,( ,,tak+ ,,honey4 ,at noon1 ^u a cle> f9e day1 pass ei!r a v ?9 knife or f9e wire betwe5 ! hive & ! glass int5d$ to be tak54 ,if ?is precaution be neglect$1 a piece ( comb is frequ5tly left project+ f ! top ( ! "o left1 or ! bottom ( t tak51 :i* w cause mu* tr\ble to ! op]ator4 ,two adapt+-bo>ds 7see page #h7 plac$ betwe5 ! hive & ! glass w be f\nd v conv5i5t1 = ! knife or wire w !n only h to be pass$ betwe5 !m1 & ! dang] ( break+ ! combs ?us be obviat$4 ,to ,expel ! ,bees f ! ,glass4--,! glass mu/ be lift$ v g5tly1 kept 9 ! same position1 & plac$ ^u ?ree inv]t$ fl[]-pots1 or some?+ ( ! k9d1 9 a %ad$ place1 ab\t #cj or #dj y>ds f ! hive1 & ! ,bees w make _! escape 9 ab\t t5 or fifte5 m9utes4 ,g5tl5ess1 z ,i h be=e said1 is v necess>y 9 ?is1 z 9 all o!r op]ations ) ,bees2 inde$1 x is ! only means ( accompli%+ ! end desir$3 !re=e1 remove ! glass v g5tly1 & place x ab\t #f in*es above ! gr\nd on bricks or fl[]-pots1 z above4 ,%ak+1 beat+1 or burn+ pap] "u x1 h all a contr>y effect ?an t desir$ ^u ! ,bees3 !y are al>m$ by ?is1 & w n leave ! glass = h\rs1 &1 p]haps1 days :5 ^! means are resort$ to4 ,! glass be+ ?us plac$1 a l\d humm+ noise is fir/ he>d1 & ! ,bees are !n se5 to leave x1 & 9 five or six m9utes all1 except a few /raggl]s t may be bru%$ out ) a fea!r1 w h left x3 b %\ld ! que5 be 9 ! glass1 :i* v r>ely happ5s1 q a diff]5t appe>ance pres5ts itself--no noise w be he>d1 nor a ,bee sc>cely se5 to leave x2 b ! hive f :i* x has be5 tak5 w1 9 a v %ort "t1 appe> 9 great confusion4 ,:5ev] ?is occurs ! glass mu/ be return$ imm$iately1 & tak5 (f aga9 ! next day4 ,:5 a glass or box ( honey is tak51 x mu/ n be left till ! ,bees are all out ( x1 = x is v likely to be attack$ by robb]s1 & a great "p ( x c>ri$ away 9 a %ort "t4 ,robb]s may be kn[n by _! endeav\r+ to ent] ! glass or box1 :ile ! ,bees belong+ to x1 be+ sep>at$ f _! que51 fly home imm$iately ^u leav+ x4 ,i h frequ5tly f\nd x necess>y1 9 ord] to prev5t robb]s f attack+ ! glass1 to remove x f place to place e f\r or five m9utes1 or to take ! glass into a d>k5$ room1 s t a small portion ( light is admitt$ ?r\gh a hole :i* communicates ) ! op5 air4 ,,/upify+ ,,bees4 ,by ,fumigation4--,mu* has be5 said & writt5 ^u ! subject ( fumigation1 yet ?is is a process t ,i am n at all p>tial to2 &1 z f> z my exp]i5ce has gone1 x is "o :i* ,i h nev] yet _h occasion to resort to 9 a s+le in/ance2 = ev5 9 ! mo/ difficult op]ations ,i h always f\nd a puff1 & t a v little "o1 ( tobacco-smoke to be all-suffici5t4 ,z ,i h said be=e1 g5tl5ess is ! be/ protection2 /ill1 if by any little accid5t ! ,bees become irritat$1 a slight puff ( tobacco-smoke quiets !m at once4 ,"o reason = my n be+ p>tial to fumigation is1 t ,i c\ld nev] see ! necessity = x2 & ano!r reason is1 t all ! ,bees1 :i* ,i h se5 ?us treat$ are sluggi% & inactive = "s days aft] ! op]ation1 besides _m hav+ be5 kill$4 ,n[1 ?is 9 e>ly spr+1 or 9 ! mid/ ( ! honey-ga!r+ season1 is c]ta9ly ( great consequ5ce1 especially :5 we are told t a prosp]\s colony ( ,bees w1 9 a s+le day ( ! latt] season1 collect f #d to #f lbs4 ( honey4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,dra9+ ,,honey ,,f ,,! ,,combs4 ,place a sieve1 ei!r ( hair or canvas1 ov] an e>!n j>1 cut ! combs conta9+ ! honey into small pieces1 & put !m into a sieve2 let !m be cut 9 an horizontal direction4 ,x is bett] to slice !m twice--t is1 at ! top & bottom1 ?an 9 ! middle4 ,cru%+ or press+ %\ld be avoid$ =1 z a portion ( brood & ,bee-bread g5]ally rema9s 9 ! comb1 pressure w\ld =ce x ?r\gh ! sieve1 & ! honey w\ld !reby be mu* injur$1 bo? 9 col\r z well a flav\r4 ,x is v desirable to h two sieves2 = 9 e hive !re w be two k9ds ( honey--! "o almo/ col\rless & f9e-flav\r$1 f\nd at ! sides ( ! hive2 ! o!r d>k & n s good1 /or$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,^! %\ld always be kept sep>ate4 ,! dra9+ process may occupy1 p]haps1 two days2 b ! l>ge/ quantity1 z well z ! be/ quality1 w be dra9$ (f 9 ?ree or f\r h\rs4 ,! honey %\ld be put into j>s imm$iately1 & ! j>s fill$ & ti$ d[n ) bladd]2 = exposure to ! air1 ev5 = a few h\rs1 v mu* det]iorates its flav\r4 ,i may "h obs]ve1 t honey 9 ! combs keeps rem>kably well if fold$ 9 writ+-pap]1 & seal$ up s z to exclude ! free entrance ( ! air1 & is plac$ 9 a dry w>m closet4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,wax4 ,hav+ dra9$ all ! honey f ! combs1 wa% ^! 9 clean wat]2 ?is liquid1 by exposure to ! sun & air1 w make mo/ excell5t v9eg>2 put !m 9 a clean boil] ) "s s(t wat]2 simm] ov] a cle> fire until ! combs are melt$3 p\r a qu>t or s into a canvas bag1 wide at ! top & tap]+ d[nw>ds into a jelly bag2 hold ?is ov] a tub ( cold wat]2 ! boil+ liquor w imm$iately pass away1 leav+ ! liquefi$ wax & ! dross 9 ! bag2 h ready a piece ( smoo? bo>d1 ( su* a l5g? t "o end may re/ at ! bottom ( ! tub & ! o!r end at its top2 ^u ?is incl9$ plane lay y\r reek+ bag1 b n s z to t\* ! cold wat]2 !n1 by compress+ ! bag ) any conv5i5t roll]1 ! wax w ooze ?r\gh & run d[n ! bo>d into ! cold wat]1 on ! surface ( :i* x w set 9 ?9 flakes2 empty ! dross out ( ! bag & repl5i% x ) ! boil+ wax1 & proce$ z be=e until all has be5 press$4 ,:5 f9i%$1 collect ! wax f ! surface ( ! cold wat]1 put x into a clean saucepan ) v little wat]1 melt x c>efully ov] a sl[ fire1 skim (f ! dross z x rises1 !n p\r x into m\lds1 or %apes1 & place !m :]e !y w cool sl[ly4 ,! wax may be r5d]$ /ill m pure by a second melt+ & m\ld+4 ,,mead4 ,?is treatise w\ld n be complete )\t a receipt = ,mead1 ! foll[+ is ! be/ t ,i h se51 & is mo/ excell5t3--,p\r five gallons ( boil+ wat] ^u #bj lbs4 ( honey2 boil1 & remove ! scum z x rises2 :5 x ceases to rise1 add #a oz4 ( hops1 & boil = t5 m9utes aft]w>ds2 put ! liquor into a tub to cool4 ,:5 r$uc$ to #ge ( ,fahr5heit1 add a slice ( bread toa/$ & sme>$ ov] ) a little yea/1 let x /& 9 a w>m room & be /irr$ occasionally2 & :5 x c>ries a head tun x1 fill+ ! cask up f "t to "t4 ,:5 ! f]m5tation has ne>ly f9i%$ bung x d[n1 leav+ a peg-hole1 :i* may soon be clos$2 bottle 9 ab\t a ye>4 ,,honey ,,v9eg>4 ,a mo/ excell5t ,v9eg> may also be _h f honey3--,put half a p\nd ( honey to a qu>t ( wat]1 boil+ hot2 mix well1 & expose to ! greate/ heat ( ! sun )\t clos+ ! vessel conta9+ x1 b suffici5tly s to keep out insects4 ,9 ab\t six weeks ?is liquor becomes acid & *anges to /rong v9eg>1 & ( excell5t quality4 ,! brok5 combs1 aft] be+ dra9$1 may be put 9 z mu* wat] z w float !m1 & well wa%$4 ,! l95s also & sieves :i* h be5 us$ = dra9+ honey1 may be r9s$ 9 ! same wat]1 & ) ?is make ! v9eg>2 fir/ boil & scum x be=e mix+ x ) ! honey4 ,,rem$ies ,,= ,,! ,,/+ ,,( ,a ,,bee4 #a4 ,p]sons :o are mu* among/ ,bees mu/ n[ & !n expect to meet ) a /+1 al?\gh to myself x v r>ely happ5s2 nev]1 inde$1 b :5 accid5tally hav+ laid my h& ^u "o1 or :5 hav+ press$ "o b5ea? ! sleeve ( my coat4 ,! soon] ! /+ is extract$1 says ,dr4 ,bevan1 ! less v5om is eject$1 &1 consequ5tly1 less inflammation induc$4 ,aft] extract+ ! /+1 ,i apply ! lea/ possible quantity ( liquor potass1 ei!r ) a f9e camel's-hair p5cil1 a %>p p51 or ev5 ) ! po9t ( a ne$le4 ,! v5om ( ! ,bee be+ an acid1 ?is v p[]ful alkali neutralises x2 ! pa9 is in/antly remov$1 & nei!r swell+ nor inflammation foll[s4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to use too l>ge a quantity or a sc> w be ! consequ5ce1 :i* w la/ = "s days4 ,rememb]1 ! quick] ! application ! m effectual ! cure4 #b4 ,! only positive & imm$iate cure = a ,bee-/+ t ,i h ev] he>d (1 & t may be dep5d$ on 9 all cases1 is tobacco4 ,?is rem$y 0 recomm5d$ to me z an infallible cure2 yet ,i _h b little fai? 9 x3 /ill ,i tri$ x1 &1 z ,i suppos$1 prop]ly1 & f\nd little or no b5efit f its use4 ,i report$ its failure to cure 9 my own case to my in=mant1 & he /at$ t ,i _h n appli$ x ?or\ghly z ,i ought to h done2 t he 0 c]ta9 t x w\ld be an effectual cure1 nev] hav+ kn[n x to fail 9 a s+le in/ance :5 correctly appli$4 ,! next "t ,i got /ung ,i appli$ ! tobacco z direct$1 & f\nd x to cure l a *>m4 ,! mann] ( apply+ x is z foll[s3--,take ord9>y f9e-cut smok+ or *ew+ tobacco1 & lay a p9* ( x 9 ! holl[ ( y\r h&1 & moi/5 x & "w x ov] until ! juice appe>s q d>k-col\r$2 !n apply x to ! "p /ung1 rubb+ 9 ! juice1 ) ! tobacco betwe5 y\r ?umb & f+]s1 z ) a sponge4 ,z fa/ z ! tobacco becomes dry1 add a little moi/ure & cont9ue to rub1 & press out ! juice ^u ! inflam$ spot1 dur+ five or t5 m9utes1 & if appli$ soon aft] be+ /ung x w cure 9 'e case4 ,be=e ,i tri$ x1 ,i 0 frequ5tly laid up ) swoll5 eyes & limbs = days4 ,n[ x is amus+ to get /ung4--7,m9]'s ,am]ican ,bee-keep]'s ,manual47 ,,bee ,,dress4 ,9 ! season = go+ among/ ,bees c>eful api>ians are desir\s ( hav+ all ?+s ready = use be=e !y are imm$iately requir$1 & z be+ well-arm$ aga9/ ! /+s ( _! ,bees gives confid5ce & coolness to ! inexp]i5c$ op]ator1 bo? ( :i* are s ess5tially necess>y to ! successful accompli%m5t ( 8 object1 ,i w give ! plan ( a v simple & conv5i5t ,bee-dress1 :i* has be5 k9dly h&$ to me by a fri5d4 ,x is =m$ ( gre5 l5o1 & s made z to enclose ! head1 neck1 & %\ld]s2 inde$1 x is l a bag1 ) sleeves to tie at ! wri/s4 ,! sleeves are made ( gre5 glaz$ cambric4 ,x =ms altoge!r a p]fect panoply1 & ! mo/ timid p]son ) its aid may p]=m ! mo/ difficult op]ation ) ! greate/ coolness1 & )\t ! possibility ( be+ /ung4 ,,pur*as+ ,,/ocks4 ,m>* & ,april are ! be/ two mon?s = pur*as+ /ocks1 & ,may = sw>ms4 ,x is bett] to obta9 !m f su* a di/ance only z !y c be convey$ by h&2 conveyance by any o!r means is always att5d$ ) dang] to ! ,bees4 ,sw>ms require less c>e 9 c>ry+ f place to place ?an /ocks4 ,9 pur*as+ /ocks ! weight alone mu/ n be reli$ on2 a sw>m ( ! prec$+ ye> %\ld be select$1 & "o t conta9s n less ?an #ab lbs4 ( honey4 ,! combs mu/ be look$ at1 & if !y are n ( a yell[ or /raw col\r1 & if at all approa*+ to blackness1 x is n a sw>m ( ! la/ ye>1 & mu/ be reject$4 ,! next be/ "t to pur*ase is ,may or ,june1 at ! "t ( sw>m+2 b ( ?is h]eaft]4 ,,! ,,ligurian ,,or ,,yell[ ,,alp ,,bee4 ,! ,ligurian ,bee is a species indig5\s to ! s\? ( ,europe1 & has be5 cultivat$ 9 ,italy 9 ! same way z ! common honey ,bee has be5 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe f "t immemorial4 ,x is ! ,apis ,ligu/ica ( ! naturali/2 & ?\gh s well kn[n to exi/ & to h all ! honey-produc+ prop]ties ( our own honey ,bee1 ) "s o!r advantages besides1 x seems rem>kable t x %\ld h rema9$ s long unkn[n to ! api>ians ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! m]it ( introduc+ ?is species is due to ,mr4 ,woodbury1 ! em95t ,devon%ire ,bee-keep]1 :o1 hav+ made ! necess>y prelim9>y inquiries1 plac$ himself 9 communication ) ,mons4 ,h4 ,c4 ,h]mann1 ( ,tam9-by-,*ur1 9 ! ,canton ( ,grison1 ,switz]l&2 & on ! #ai? ( ,july1 #ahei1 ! ,ligurian ,bee 0 introduc$ to ,engl&4 ,9 a pamphlet on ! subject by ,m4 ,h]mann we h ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ( ?is insect3-- ,! yell[ ,italian ,alp ,bee is a m\nta9 insect2 x is f\nd betwe5 two m\nta9 *a9s to ! "r & left ( ,lomb>dy & ! ,rhtian ,alps1 compris+ ! :ole t]ritory ( ,tess9s1 ,vetl91 & ,s\?-,graubund54 ,x ?rives up to ! height ( #dejj feet above ! level ( ! sea1 & appe>s to pref] ! nor!rn clime to ! w>m]1 = 9 ! s\? ( ,italy x is n f\nd4 ,! f>!r "o goes f ! ,alps1 ! less h&some !y are f\nd--z = example 9 ,nice1 until !y are entirely lo/ 9 l[] ,italy 9 ! black species4 ,we mu/ !re=e look = ! orig9al 9 ,switz]l&1 & we c call !m ) z mu* "r ,apis ,helvetica1 z ! ,g5oese call !m ,apis ,ligu/ica4 ,"s le>n$ m5 h call$ !m ,ligurian ,bees1 b t "n has nei!r hi/orical nor geographical claim1 & n "o ,bee-cultivator ( ! :ole di/rict ( ! ,italian ,alp ,bee kn[s :at k9d ( insects ,ligurian ,bees are4 ,! ,alps are _! native c\ntry2 !re=e !y are call$ ,yell[ ,alp ,bees1 or ,tame ,h\se ,bees1 9 contradi/9ction to ! black ,european ,bees1 :i* we might call common =e/ ,bees1 & :i*1 on ! slighte/ t\*1 fly l lightn+ into y\r face4 ,! ,italian yell[ ,bee diff]s f ! common black ,bee 9 its long] m sl5d] =m1 & light *rome yell[ col\r1 ) light brim/one-col\r$ w+s1 & two orange-r$ b&s1 ea* "o-six? ( an in* wide4 ,work+ ,bees z well z drones h ?is m>k4 ,! drones are fur!r di/+ui%$ by ! b&s be+ scollop$ l ! spott$ wat]-s]p5t1 & obta9 an a/oni%+ size--almo/ half z l>ge aga9 z ! black drones4 ,! que5 has ! same m>ks z ! work+ ,bees1 b mu* m conspicu\s & light]2 %e is mu* l>g] ?an ! black que51 & easy to be s+l$ out ( ! sw>m1 on acc\nt ( h] rem>kable bodily size & light col\r4 ,! ,bees are almo/ transp>5t :5 ! sun %9es on !m4 ,?is race has no?+ 9 common ) ! black ,bees1 :i* c be in/antly se5 by _! ways & mann] ( build+4 ,! cells ( ! ,italian ,bee are consid]ably deep] & broad] ?an ^? ( ! black ,bees4 ,fifte5 cells ( ! ,italians are z broad z sixte5 cells ( ! black k9d4 ,_! *ief m]its 9 contra/ ) ! black ,bees are--#a1 z !y naturally inhabit a region ( su* elevation z #dejj feet1 !y are less s5sitive to cold ?an ! common ,bee2 #b1 _! que5s are m prolific2 #c1 !y sw>m e>li] & m frequ5tly2 #d1 !y are mu* less apt to /+1 & n only s1 b unless !y are int5tionally annoy$ or irritat$ !y are n incl9$ to /+2 #e1 !y are m c\rage\s & active 9 self-def5ce1 & are p>ticul>ly dispos$ to plund] ! hives ( ! common k9d2 b %\ld ! latt] attack _! hives !y fight ) great fi]c5ess & adroitness4 ,,to ,,unite ,a ,,ligurian ,,que5 ,,to ,a ,,common ,,/ock ,,or ,,sw>m4 ,z soon z y h become possess$ ( a ,ligurian que5 & h] att5dants1 /eps %\ld be tak5 = remov+ ! common que5 f ! /ock1 or sw>m1 to :i* ! /rang]s are to be unit$4 ,:]e b> hives are 9 use ! op]ation is suffici5tly easy1 b %\ld n be attempt$ )\t ! protection af=d$ by a ,bee-dress & a ?ick pair ( woll5 gloves4 ,! s]vices ( an assi/ant simil>ly acc\tr$ w be f\nd v useful1 b are n absolutely indisp5sable4 ,! middle ( a f9e day is ! be/ "t = ! op]ation1 :i* %\ld be comm5c$ by remov+ ! /ock a little ei!r to ! "r or left ( its usual position1 :i* mu/ be occupi$ by an empty hive1 f :i* ! top bo>d & comb-b>s h be5 remov$4 ,! top bo>d ( ! full hive mu/ !n be %ift$ on "o side suffici5tly to expose a s+le b>1 :i* may be c>efully )drawn aft] ! atta*m5ts ( ! comb h be5 sev]$ f ! back & front ( ! hire by a b5t knife4 ,bo? sides ( ! comb mu/ be rigidly scrut9is$1 & any clu/] ( ,bees g5tly disp]s$ ) a fea!r1 until x becomes evid5t t ! que5 is n pres5t1 :5 x may be plac$ 9 ! empty hive4 ,! same process mu/ be repeat$ ) ea* successive comb until ! que5 is discov]$ & secur$1 :5 ! ,bees may be ei!r all[$ to rema9 9 ! hive to :i* !y h be5 transf]r$1 or replac$ 9 _! orig9al domicile4 ,sometimes ! que5 is n to be f\nd on any ( ! combs1 b may be detect$ among ! /raggl]s rema9+ 9 ! hive4 ,9 practis$ h&s h] discov]y may be reckon$ on ) tol]able c]ta9ty dur+ ! fir/ removal2 b if %e succe$ 9 escap+ detection ! process mu/ be repeat$ until %e is secur$4 ,) common hives or boxes driv+ is ! be/ me?od to adopt2 & ! ,bees1 hav+ be5 expell$ f _! habitation1 may be knock$ out on a clo? & se>*$ ov] until ! que5 is discov]$4 ,%\ld ! ,bee-keep] be unable to p]=m ! op]ation ( driv+1 fumigation may be resort$ to & ! que5 secur$ :il/ ! ,bees are 9 a /ate ( ins5sibility4 ,%\ld ! que5 h be5 remov$1 & ! ,bees re/or$ to _! orig9al hive & position 9 ! api>y1 measures mu/ n[ be tak5 to introduce ! ,italian sov]eign to h] future subjects4 ,! fir/ /ep w be c>efully to remove ! lid ( ! small box1 replac+ x ) a slip ( p]=at$ z9c )\t p]mitt+ ! ,bees to escape4 ,! :ole mu/ !n be inv]t$ ov] an op5+ 9 ! top ( ! hive conta9+ ! que5less /ock1 :]e x %\ld rema9 undi/urb$ till ! next day1 :5 ! p]=at$ z9c divid] may be )drawn1 & ! union w be complete4 ,! small box itself ne$ n be remov$ till ! ?ird day1 :5 ! ,bees w be f\nd to h quitt$ x4 ,aft] ! lapse ( ab\t ?irty days "y ,ligurians may1 probably1 be discov]$ tak+ _! flight4 ,,multiply+ ,,sw>ms ,,( ,,ligurians4 ,presum+ t ! ,ligurian que5s are 9 b> hives1 & t !y prove !mselves fairly prolific mo!rs1 let a numb] ( simil> b> hives be provid$1 & into ea* ( ^!1 f "t to "t1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! summ]1 let !re be c>efully transf]r$ f ! ,ligurian /ock a b> ) comb atta*$1 conta9+ eggs & "y ,bees 9 e /age ( progress4 ,x w\ld be well t e full-gr[n ,bee %\ld be previ\sly swept (f ?is comb back into ! old hive1 s z to prev5t all dang] ( fight+ betwe5 !m & ! ,bees ( ! o!r /ocks to :i* ! comb is to be giv54 ,!n1 9 ! middle ( a w>m & sunny day1 :5 ! ,bees are *iefly abroad1 let ?is comb1 c>efully fix$ 9 an empty b> hive1 be put 9 ! place ( any /rong /ock ( common ,bees t may be available = ! purpose4 ,?is /ock may be remov$ to "s di/ance2 b x w\ld be well fir/ s to di/urb x z to cause a good _m m ( ! ,bees to leave x ?an might happ5 to be =ag+ 9 ! fields2 &1 moreov] to /op up its entrance till ! ev5+4 ,! e!r ,bees w\ld soon take possession ( ! empty b> hive1 & 9 ?ree weeks' "t replace _! miss+ ,engli% que5 ) a "y artificially-re>$ ,ligurian que51 ^: prog5y w\ld1 9 due c\rse ( "t1 become ! sole possessors ( ! hive4 ,! ,engli% /ocks *os5 = ?is purpose mu/ be 9 ! same1 or 9 a v closely-adjo9+ api>y1 o!rwise ! abs5ce ( ,ligurian drones at ! prop] season w\ld prove fatal to ! success ( ?is plan ( increase4 ,"o ,ligurian /ock los+ "o b> only1 f "t to "t1 might 9 ?is mann] become ! p>5t ( a doz5 /ocks at lea/ 9 ! same season2 & ! e>lie/ ( ! "y sw>ms 7say ^? =m$ 9 ,may71 might also1 9 a w>m spr+1 be made productive ( two or ?ree sw>ms 9 ! same mann]1 )\t becom+ too mu* weak5$4 ,inde$1 two b>s may be tak5 e week out ( ! ,ligurian /ock dur+ ! mon?s ( ,may1 ,june1 & ,july2 & ^! sw>ms1 artificially =m$1 9 ! mann] above detail$1 may be work$ dur+ at lea/ a :ole mon?1 f ! middle ( ,june to ! middle ( ,july4 ,"o good ,ligurian /ock %\ld be left pretty mu* to itself1 s z to enc\rage ! propagation ( drones4 ,/ill1 ev5 ?is /ock might be made to yield a few b>s )\t 9 ! lea/ r5d]+ ! developm5t ( drones2 b no b>s %\ld be tak5 out till a fair numb] h be5 se5 abroad4 ,p]haps ! be/ plan w\ld be to make a sw>m out ( ?is hive 9 ! same artificial mann]1 s soon z _m drones are hat*$4 ,= drones :i* jo9 sw>ms are g5]ally 7p]haps always7 all[$ to rema9 alive till late 9 ! season1 :]eas ! e>lie/-hat*$ drones are frequ5tly de/roy$ 9 cold spr+s 9 _! own hives4 ,illu/ration ,,bee-,,keep]',s ,,cal5d>4 ,,janu>y4 ,little att5tion w be requir$ dur+ ?is mon? ( cold & fro/1 except ^u a mild day1 %\ld su* occur1 ( clean+ ! floor-bo>ds ) a dry bru%1 & look+ well to ! v5tilation ( boxes ( all k9ds2 = h[ev] trifl+ ^! matt]s may appe> to ^? :o are inexp]i5c$ 9 ,bee-managem5t1 ! well-do+ ( _m /ocks dur+ ! com+ reason w1 9 a great measure1 dep5d ^u _! be+ c>efully att5d$ to2 & ! int]ior ( ! hives be+ clean & free f damp at ?is "t is q z important z _! hav+ a supply ( food 9 /ore1 = ev5 ) ! latt]1 if ! =m] be neglect$1 ! hives frequ5tly p]i%4 ,food4--,:5 ! hives are v weak--t is1 hav+ only ,two or ?ree p\nds ( honey 9 /ore1 ,i w\ld recomm5d a ,lew p\nds ( syrup be+ giv5--viz41 "o p\nd ( loaf sug>1 a qu>t] ( a p9t ( wat]1 & a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( honey1 simm]$ toge!r ov] a sl[ fire until ! sug> is melt$1 & :5 cold giv5 to ! ,bees1 & at ! top ( ! hive if possible2 b :]e !y h a little ri*] /ore1 b>ley-sug> may be giv5 in/ead ( syrup4 ,%ade4--,_m p]sons h advocat$ ! sun's rays 9 w9t] n fall+ ^u ! hives4 ,mr4 ,taylor says3--,:]e ,! hives /& s+ly1 ,i h always se5 ! advantages ( fix+ be=e ea* a wood5 scre51 nail$ to a po/ sunk 9 ! gr\nd1 & l>ge en\gh to ?r[ ! :ole front into %ade4 ,?is does n int]f]e ) ! com+-=? ( ! ,bees at a prop] temp]ature1 & x sup]s$es ! necessity ( %utt+ ,!m up :5 sn[ is on ! gr\nd4 ,! scre5 %\ld be fix$ a foot or two 9 advance1 & s z to int]cept ! sun's rays1 :i* w be *iefly 9 w9t] t[>ds ! we/ side4 ,v5tilation4--,:]e boxes are us$ v5tilation _c be too mu* insi/$ ^u1 & a frequ5t exam9ation ( ! floor-bo>ds2 & :]e dampness & m\ld9ess are obs]v$1 !y %\ld be ex*ang$ = clean & dry ones4 ,enemies & ,sn[4--,! titm\se mu/ be %>ply look$ aft] & de/roy$ z w9t] approa*es1 ei!r by trapp+1 %oot+1 or bird-lime4 ,mice are also v apt to take up _! w9t] abode inside ! hives1 :]e ! s+le p$e/al is n us$2 h5ce ! necessity ( a frequ5t exam9ation ( ! hives4 ,see t ! entrances ( ! hives are n>r[$1 & t dur+ ! "t sn[ rema9s ^u ! gr\nd !y are :olly clos$1 s t n a s+le ,bee c escape1 = ! sun %9+ ^u ! sn[ nev] fails to br+ ! ,bees out ( _! hives1 & settl+ ^u ! sn[1 !y are imm$iately *ill$1 & die2 b1 ^u ! disappe>ance ( ! sn[1 n an h\r mu/ be lo/ 9 un/opp+ ! entrances1 & giv+ ! ,bees full lib]ty4 ,?is is v important1 =1 aft] a conf9em5t ( t5 or twelve days1 :i* may sometimes be f\nd necess>y1 full lib]ty mu/ be giv5 !m1 ^u ! melt+ ( ! sn[1 by un/opp+ ! hives2 & n only un/opp+1 b see+ t ! entrances are cle>1 & n fill$ up ) dead ,bees1 :i*1 aft] a long conf9em5t1 w v frequ5tly happ54 ,_m a good /ock has p]i%$ = want ( ?is precaution4 ,glasses & ,hives4--,! provid5t api>ian w n[ provide himself ) all ! glasses & hives1 ( :atev] k9d he may fancy1 ei!r ( wood or /raw1 t he may be likely to require dur+ ! ensu+ season2 & x is always bett] to h a few to sp>e ?an to h a %ort supply1 = x is n at all an unusual ?+ = a sw>m to fly away :il/ s5d+ ab\t to procure a hive2 :5 on ! contr>y1 _h !re be5 a good supply1 mu* "t & inconv5i5ce w\ld h be5 sav$1 z well z ! loss ( ! ,bees prev5t$4 ,_m cottag]s make _! own hives dur+ ! w9t] ev5+s1 & v praisewor?y x is2 ! mat]ials to make !m co/ v little4 ,/raw is easily obta9$2 brambles1 also to sew !m ) ab\nd ev]y:]e2 & ! me?od ( mak+ !m is v easily acquir$4 ,i w\ld recomm5d a sw>m nev] to be put into an old hive2 ! old hives w be useful z cov]s to glasses1 & = hiv+ second & ?ird sw>ms t are to be jo9$ to o!rs on ! ev5+ ( ! day !y sw>m4 ,:]e wood hives are us$ a second "t1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 to make !m ?or\ghly clean1 & free f ! eggs ( mo?s4 ,,febru>y ,v little att5tion w be requir$ dur+ ?is mon? beyond look+ to ! cov]+s1 & see+ t !y be all s\nd1 & t no moi/ure comes ^u ! tops ( ! hives4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! mon?1 p>ticul> att5tion mu/ be giv5 at ?is season 9 endeav\r+ to keep ! int]ior ( ! hives free f damp1 :i* a frequ5t *ang+ ( ! floor-bo>ds w t5d v mu* to effect4 ,inde$1 aft] s long a conf9em5t x becomes necess>y1 or ! heal? ( ! /ocks w be mu* endang]$4 ,fe$+4--,food mu/ be lib]ally suppli$2 b 9 s do+ mu* att5tion mu/ be paid to neatness & cleanl9ess 9 its adm9i/ration1 = :5 syrup is us$ ! greate/ c>e mu/ be giv5 t x be n sme>$ ab\t ! hives & floor-bo>ds1 = x w n only cause dampness 9 ! hives1 b induce fight+ among/ ! ,bees :5 !y are able to fly abroad4 ,let ! food be giv51 if possible at ! top ( ! hive2 if at ! bottom1 n till aft] sunset1 c>efully /opp+ up ! entrance ( ! hive1 & remov+ ! vessel 9 :i* ! food 0 giv5 be=e sunrise ! next morn+2 = ! appe>ance ( ! ,aconite & ,crocus w n only delight our eyes1 & gladd5 our he>ts1 b !y w also ar\se our little fav\rites to life & activity2 & z ! supplies ( honey f ^! fl[]s at ?is e>ly season w be v small--suffici5t only1 p]haps1 to create a desire = a l>g] quantity1 ! fe$+-pan1 !re=e1 if all[$ to rema9 at ! bottom ( a weak hive1 w be resort$ to by all ! ,bees ( ! api>y1 caus+ mu* fight+ & loss ( life1 & v probably ! de/ruction ( ! /ock 9 :i* x _h be5 plac$4 ,by fe$+ at ! top1 all ?is may be avoid$2 n only ! tr\ble ( remov+ ! fe$+-pan e morn+1 b ! dang] & loss c]ta9 to arise f fight+4 ,/ocks4--,a c>eful exam9ation ( e /ock %\ld be made on a mild day t[>ds ! end ( ! mon?2 & :]e any d\bt exi/s z to ! suffici5cy ( food 9 ! hive to c>ry ! ,bees safely ?r\gh ! spr+1 a supply %\ld n[ be giv51 & ,i mu/ /ill recomm5d b>ley-sug> 7:]e honey _c readily be obta9$7 z ! be/ food t c be giv54 ,a good receipt = mak+ x may be f\nd 9 page #be2 b x mu/ always be rememb]$1 t :]e b>ley-sug> is us$ z food1 ! ,bees %\ld nev] be left1 ev5 = a day1 )\t a supply1 ei!r at ! top or bottom ( ! hive2 ! =m] is always pref]able4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 also1 t x is mu* bett] to give food be=e ! /ock is absolutely 9 want ( x1 ?an to wait till its /ore ( food is exhau/$4 ,!re are _m reasons = ?is1 well kn[n to e practical api>ian4 ,promot+ ,e>ly ,bre$+4--,b9d+ ! hives neatly ov] ) hayb&s w\ld be z little tr\ble & exp5se z any?+4 ,! end ( ! mon? w be ! prop] "t = try+ ?is exp]im5t2 & ,i h little d\bt b1 if c>efully att5d$ to1 ! result w prove to be all t is desir$4 ,! entrances to ! hives1 if l>ge1 %\ld be r$uc$1 s z to leave room only suffici5t = ! easy +ress & egress ( ! ,bees4 ,wat]4--,x mu/ n be =gott5 to place wat] 9 ! vic9ity ( ! hives1 z direct$ at page #dc4 ,enemies4--,! *ief enemies to gu>d aga9/ at ?is "t are mice & birds2 cold2 if ! floor-bo>ds & hives are dry1 affects !m b little4 ,hives ( ,comb4--,let ! hives ( comb 9 :i* sw>ms ( ! la/ ye> h di$ be c>efully pres]v$ = ! purpose ( putt+ sw>ms ( ! com+ season into !m4 ,! be/ me?od ( keep+ su* hives w be1 aft] hav+ cle>$ !m ( ! dead ,bees1 to hang !m up 9 a dry place out ( ! rea* ( mice or rats4 ,! advantage :i* a sw>m put into a hive ( clean dry comb has ov] "o t is put into an empty hive is v great inde$1 & kn[n only to ^? p]sons :o h exp]i5c$ x4 ,poll54--,by ! end ( ! mon? our little pets w h begun _! lab\rs = ano!r ye>1 9 collect+ poll5 f ! ,w9t] ,aconites & ! e>ly k9ds ( ,crocus1 &1 if ! wea!r is n v sev]e1 f ! ,elms also4 ,"s ye>s s9ce ,i 0 curi\s to le>n f :at a grey or a%-col\r$ poll5 0 obta9$1 :i* ! ,bees br\ght home 9 r l>ge quantities v e>ly 9 ! season1 at a "t :5 ! ,aconites only c\ld be se5 9 fl[]2 b happ5+ to pass b5ea? "s ,elm trees on a bright day1 to my surprise ,i he>d ! hum ( ,bees1 & on look+ closely ,i obs]v$ sev]al v busily employ$1 :i* induc$ me to take a bran* home1 & by comp>+ "u ! microscope ! poll51 :i* x %$ abundantly on be+ plac$ 9 a w>m room1 ) t br\ght by ! ,bees1 ,i f\nd !m to be alike1 :i* fully satisfi$ me 9 ?is matt]4 ,p$e/als4--,:]e ! /ocks are plac$ ^u p$e/als ( wood x w be well to look to !m1 = ,i h lately he>d ( "s sad disa/]s aris+ f ! want ( ?is little att5tion4 ,x is ab\t an in* bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd t ! mis*ief takes place1 & :5 once begun1 goes on rapidly1 except good oak has be5 us$4 ,,m>*4 ,our little fav\rites1 by ! appe>ance ( ! e>ly spr+ fl[]s1 & ! return ( mild] wea!r1 are aga9 ar\s$ into life & activity2 b x mu/ always be rememb]$ t ! mo/ try+ "t = !m is f ! middle ( ,febru>y to ! end ( ,m>*2 = none b well-/or$ /ocks c be> up aga9/ ! great inequality betwixt ! int]nal dem& & ! ext]nal supply ( ?is p]iod4 ,! w9t]1 to be sure1 has be5 v cold1 :i* is g5]ally 9 _! fav\r2 = b little1 if any1 evil is to be appreh5d$ f a cold w9t]1 ?\gh mu* may arise f a mild "o2 z1 dur+ ! latt]1 ! /ock ( honey is (t5 exhau/$1 f its induc+ ! ,bees to be 9 action1 )\t af=d+ !m any res\rces beyond _! own /ores4 ,diseases4--,?is is ! mon? 9 :i* dys5t]y & o!r disord]s make _! appe>ance among/ ! ,bees2 b cleanl9ess & timely supplies ( food are ! be/ rem$ies1 & :i* are always f\nd to prev5t x4 ,spr+-fe$+1 h[ev]1 mu/ be done sp>+ly2 = if ! ,bees h _h a suffici5t w9t]'s supply1 fe$+ w only be requir$ on a small scale1 & to ^? t are weak1 x be+ *iefly int5d$ z a /imulant to promote e>ly bre$+4 ,a hive t has less ?an #e lbs4 ( honey 9 x is a weak "o4 ,! importance ( fe$+ is v great2 = languor & dea?1 says ,dr4 ,bevan1 are less frequ5tly to be ascrib$ to disease ?an to ! want ( timely food4 ,hives4--,! "t has n[ fully arriv$ = all c>eful api>ians to possess !mselves ( z _m hives1 glasses1 boxes1 bee-dresses1 c41 z !y are likely to require dur+ ! com+ season2 & to ^? :o pref] ! use ( /raw hives ,i w\ld say 7& t mo/ emphatically71 ,nev] put a sw>m into an old hive4 ,mr4 ,hui% has said1 & ) mu* tru?1 t old hives are g5]ally s ov]run ) v]m9 ( an obnoxi\s "* to ,bees1 t1 ev5 %\ld ! sw>m condesc5d to rema9 9 !m1 ! ensu+ w9t] w place ! hive 9 su* a ru9\s /ate1 t ! ,bees w =sake x 9 se>* ( a m salubri\s domicile1 or ! cont5ts ( ! hive w be de/roy$ by ! insects4 ,boxes t h be5 already t5ant$ %\ld be clean$ mo/ c>efully1 & boil+ wat] f ! sp\t a tea-kettle p\r$ ov] ! jo9ts :]e ! eggs ( ! wax mo?--t r$\bt$ enemy ( ! ,bees--w v probably h be5 deposit$4 ,hayb&s4--,i h put 9 practice1 ) my own ,bees1 :at ,i recomm5d$ la/ mon?--namely1 cov]+ "s ( my hives ) hayb&s4 ,! good1 %\ld any be f\nd to arise f x1 9 promot+ e>ly bre$+1 %all be communicat$ 9 due c\rse4 ,clean+ ,floor-bo>ds4--,:5 p]=m+ ?is op]ation1 %\ld ! hives be f\nd to be at all damp or m\ldy1 take ! precaution ( rais+ !m a little = a few h\rs on a dry day4 ,sn[4--,%\ld we aft] mild wea!r h sn[1 x w be necess>y to keep ! entrances ( ! hives /opp$ :il/ x rema9s ^u ! gr\nd1 or ! loss ( life w be v great1 :i*1 at ?is season1 %\ld be m especially gu>d$ aga9/4 ,exam9ation4--,imm$iately ^u ! disappe>ance ( sn[1 e hive %\ld be c>efully exam9$1 & clean floor-bo>ds suppli$ :]ev] ! lea/ dampness is obs]v$4 ,bees ,ga!r+ ,poll54--,bees may n[ be se5 ^u a bright day 9 ! ,aconites & e>ly k9ds ( ,crocuses1 collect+ ! little poll5 & honey :i* !y af=d2 & x is b little inde$--only j suffici5t to ar\se ! work]s to activity1 & ! que5s to deposit+ _! eggs3 !re=e1 )\t c>eful & con/ant fe$+1 dea? by />vation mu/ foll[1 = ,i imag9e t n "o /ock 9 t5 has suffici5t honey 9 /ore to support x ?r\gh ! w9t] & e>ly spr+4 ,=sak+ ,hives4--,:]e ! population is l[1 & little or no food 9 /ore1 ! ,bees are v likely1 ^u a f9e & mild day t[>ds ! end ( ! mon?1 to =sake _! hives entirely1 & to jo9 !mselves to m popul\s & bett]-/or$ communities4 ,?is des]tion1 :5 x happ5s t[>ds ! end ( ,april1 is frequ5tly mi/ak5 = an e>ly sw>m4 ,! only means ( prev5tion is to keep !m well suppli$ ) food2 b ev5 ?is w n1 9 all cases1 keep !m f leav+ _! hives4 ,wasps4--,x w be well1 dur+ ! pres5t & ! next mon?1 to be look+ = que5 wasps1 & de/roy+ e "o t makes its appe>ance4 ,a g>d5 syr+e is ! mo/ useful ?+ ,i h ev] f\nd to effect _! de/ruction1 = if dis*>g$ at !m1 x br+s !m to ! gr\nd1 & ! foot !n f9i%es ! bus9ess4 ,buy+ ,/ocks4--,m>* is a good "t = pur*as+ /ocks1 = ^? :o are desir\s to become ,bee-keep]s2 & !re is suffici5t enc\ragem5t1 ,i ?9k1 to induce _m p]sons to engage 9 x1 = _! cultivation1 if prop]ly manag$1 is att5d$ ) v consid]able advantage1 mu* m1 inde$1 ?an :at is g5]ally suppos$1 & w\ld n be by any means a contemptible consid]ation ) ev5 ^? :o may fill a sup]ior rank 9 ! rural population ( our c\ntry4 ,,april4 ,april may be consid]$ ! fir/ mon? ( ! api>ian's ye>1 a mon? ( busy prep>ation = ! com+ honey season & its _m pleas+ occupations4 ,a good supply ( new /raw hives 7:]e !y are us$7 is suppos$ to be already 9 h&1 ) glasses & cov]s1 depriv+-hives1 adapt+-bo>ds1 ,bee-dresses = ! op]ator & an assi/ant1 & inde$1 ( ev]y?+ t w be requir$ dur+ ! season4 ,fe$+4--,i mu/ aga9 press ^u all p]sons :o h weak /ocks ! necessity ( fe$+4 ,! ,bees are beg9n+ to be/ir !mselves :5 ! sun %9es w>m2 & inexp]i5c$ ,bee-keep]s are apt to ?9k t _! /ocks are n[ pa/ dang]1 & s take no m c>e ( !m4 ,b ! tru? is1 t ! e>ly spr+ mon?s are ! mo/ dang]\s ( all2 _m /ocks t h /ood ! w9t] die 9 ! spr+1 :i* a few ounces ev5 ( food w\ld prev5t4 ,!re is no?+ to be ga!r$ 9 ! fields till ,april1 & 9 cold late seasons n muck be=e ev5 ,may4 ,/ocks %\ld be wat*$ well 9 spr+1 & weak ones f$ lib]ally4 ,z soon z !y beg9 to /ir a little food %\ld be giv5 !m e o!r day1 or !reab\ts1 until !y refuse to take x1 = !y w neglect ! food giv5 !m z soon z !y c ga!r honey4 ,me?od ( ,fe$+4--,! be/ mann] ( giv+ food to ,bees 9 a common /raw hive is to put x into a d9n]-plate1 cov] x ) a piece ( writ+ pap] ?ickly p]=at$1 & place x "u ! hive2 b %\ld !re n be suffici5t room = ! plate )\t t\*+ ! combs1 ! hive may be rais$ ^u a wood5 hoop1 ! exact size ( ! hive1 & ab\t #b in*es deep1 or ^u a piece cut f ! bottom ( an old /raw hive4 ,! food mu/ be giv5 aft] sunset1 & ! plate remov$ by sunrise ! next morn+4 ,! entrance mu/ be /opp$ :ile ! food rema9s 9 ! hive2 a piece ( s(t pap] answ]s rem>kably well = ?is purpose4 ,wat]4--,?is mu/ be suppli$ to ! ,bees imm$iately1 = x is 9 ! spr+ t !y h ! greate/ occasion = x4 ,! plan t ,i h adopt$ is to h a tr\gh ( wood1 or /one1 #ah in*es long1 #ab in*es wide1 & #f in*es deep1 sunk 9 ! gr\nd 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! api>y1 ) a piece ( ?9 wood1 ?ickly p]=at$ ) small holes1 made to fit loosely into x4 ,?is p]=at$ wood1 :5 ! tr\gh is fill$ ) wat]1 w float ^u its surface1 & save ! ,bees f dr[n+--a mode ( dea? caus+ ! loss ( numb]s %\ld !y1 = want ( ?is little accommodation1 be oblig$ to g to an op5 ci/]n or pool4 ,hives4--,x is n[ q "t to h a supply ( hives = ! com+ season1 :]e new ones are requir$2 & :]e old ones are to be us$1 to h !m well clean$4 ,x is also a good "t to pa9t ^? hives t are occupi$--x w greatly improve _! appe>ance1 z well z t5d to pres]ve !m4 ,a well-made hive1 pa9t$ be=e ! ,bees are put into x1 & once e o!r ye> aft]w>ds1 w la/ un9jur$ = upw>ds1 ( tw5ty ye>s2 inde$1 ,i h "o at ! pres5t "t t has /ood ev5 mu* long]4 ,!y may be pa9t$ aft] six o'clock 9 ! ev5+ )\t dang] to ! op]ator or inconv5i5ce to ! ,bees2 ( c\rse1 /opp+ ! m\? ( ! hive = ! "t4 ,i f9d /one or /raw col\r to be ! be/1 z absorb+ less heat ?an gre5 or any d>k col\r4 ,p]haps1 on ?is acc\nt1 :ite w\ld be be/1 b ! /rong reflect$ light f x is v objectionable4 ,floor-bo>ds4--,x w be well to give ! floor-bo>ds a f9al clean+ = ! season1 & ! middle ( a bright day w be ! be/ "t = do+ x2 &1 at ! same "t1 any pieces ( comb t dur+ ! w9t] may h fall5 f ! top ( ! hives1 & are fa/5$ by ! ,bees to ! bottom ( ! combs t are 9 _! prop] places1 %\ld be remov$4 ,cutt+ out ,old ,combs4--,?is is also ! be/ "t to remove a leaf or two ( comb f old hives1 p]haps ! two out]mo/ ones1 b n any m4 ,! box hives are admirably adapt$ = ?is op]ation2 /ill1 ) a prop] knife 7! "o figur$ 9 page #eg71 x may easily be effect$ 9 ! /raw hive4 ,putt+ on ,glasses1 c4--,x is v probable t at ! end ( ! mon? "s ( ! mo/ popul\s hives may require sup]+1 z x is t]m$1 b ,i w\ld advise its n be+ done too soon2 inde$1 n till ! ,bees h %[n evid5t signs ( want ( room1 = x is exce$+ly desirable t ! /ock %\ld be 9 su* a /ate z to asc5d into ! sup] imm$iately ^u its be+ plac$ ^u ! /ock hive4 ,guide-combs4--,i w\ld recomm5d guide-combs be+ fix$ 9 glasses ( e k9d t are to be plac$ ei!r on hives or boxes4 ,! ,bees are induc$ !reby to comm5ce work+ 9 !m soon] ?an !y o!rwise w\ld d2 & x mu/ always be rememb]$1 t simply putt+ on a glass1 a box1 or a small hive1 w n prev5t sw>m+1 except ! ,bees comm5ce work+ 9 x1 :i* a small piece ( comb fix$ at ! top induces !m to d m readily4 ,^u ea* ( ! side-b>s1 ne>e/ ! c5tre "o1 a small piece ( comb %\ld be fix$4 ,?is is easily effect$ by heat+ a common flat-iron1 slightly w>m+ ! b>s ) x1 !n melt+ a little ,bees-wax ^u x4 ,! comb is n[ drawn quickly across ! heat$ iron1 & held d[n ^u ! b>1 to :i* x firmly adh]es1 if prop]ly manag$4 ,^! pieces ( guide-comb ne$ n be m ?an #b or #c in*es 9 diamet]4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! pit*1 or incl9ation ( ! cells1 is upw>ds f ! c5tre ( ea* comb4 ,drone-cell$ combs = ?is purpose are to be avoid$1 z well z ^? ) elongat$ cells4 ,glasses w be provid$1 & guide-combs fix$ 9 !m also4 ,poll54--,?is is n a busy mon? = ! api>ian only1 b = 8 ,bees z well 9 br++ 9 poll54 ,mr4 ,gold+ tells u t ! neighb\rhood ( ,will[s is ( great advantage to ! ,bees 9 e>ly spr+4 ,%\ld a few f9e days accompany _! fl[]+1 _m hives w be enabl$ to w>d (f ! imp5d+ fam9e :i* b too (t5 !n ?reat5s4 ,he says t f ! #bj? to ! #cj? ( ,m>*1 9 #ahcj1 ! wea!r 0 s fav\rable z to enable ! ,bees to make an extraord9>y collection4 ,s+le hives 9 "s days ga9$ 9 weight upw>ds ( #c lbs4 ea*1 & work$ 9 wax :]e room 0 giv5 z vigor\sly z at midsumm]4 ,! spr+ ( #ahda 0 a v simil> "o2 & he says t 8 hives on ! #af? ( ,m>* ( t ye> ga9$ f #b to #c lbs4 ea* dur+ ! day4 ,! :ole tribe ( ,cr[sfoot are n[ mak+ _! appe>ance1 all ( :i* are eag]ly s\ght aft] by ! ,bees1 b m especially ! ,pilewort 7,ranunculus fic>ia71 :i* af=ds !m su* an abundance ( poll5 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,m>* & ,april1 & :i* ab\nds 9 mead[s1 pa/ures1 & h$ge-banks4 ,see+ an abundance ( x c>ri$ into a hive is a sure pro( t ! /ock is 9 a heal?y & ?riv+ /ate2 b let x ,be rememb]$ t poll5 has no?+ :atev] to d ) supply+ ! ,bees ) food1 = !y w die f />vation ) ! combs fill$ ) poll51 = x is only 9 ! l>v or grub /ate t !y eat x3 !re=e1 if ! /ocks h n a /ore ( honey1 g on to give b>ley-sug>4 ,"y ,bees4--,! population ( e heal?y /ock ( ,bees is n[ rapidly increas+1 & numb]s ( "y ones may be se5 ^u e sunny day cr[d+ ! entrances ( ! hives to ex]cise _! w+s = ! fir/ "t1 :i* !y may be obs]v$ to d ) ! greate/ caution1 runn+ f side to side ( ! alight+-bo>d be=e v5tur+ to fly4 ,! imp]fect nymphs1 also1 are /rew$ ^u ! hives dur+ ! night to be c>ri$ away by ! ,bees z soon z ! h\r ( lab\r comm5ces4 ,?is circum/ance also indicates a rapidly increas+ population4 ,a v l>ge quantity ( food is consum$ by ! "y ,bees :ile 9 ! l>v or maggot /ate1 :i* draws v heavily ^u ! /ore ( ! food ( ! hive4 ,x1 !re=e11 behoves ! api>ian to look att5tively to all weak /ocks1 & m especially to sw>ms ( ! la/ ye>1 & to let !m h a regul> supply ( food2 &1 = ^? :o l b little tr\ble 9 fe$+1 dry b>ley-sug> is1 unque/ionably1 ! be/ mode 9 :i* x c be adm9i/]$2 x may be giv5 ei!r at ! top or bottom ( ! hive1 = x does n1 l liquid food1 attract robb]s to ! hives t are suppli$ ) x4 ,drone ,bees4--,drone ,bees usually make _! appe>ance t[>ds ! middle or ! end ( ?is mon?2 _! fir/ appe>ance is v gratify+ to ! ,bee-keep]1 = x proves to him t 8 /ocks are 9 a heal?y & prosp]\s condition4 ,x is said t ! celebrat$ api>ian ,bonn] 0 always s delight$ at _! fir/ appe>ance1 t he made ! day "o ( fe/ivity & rejoic+ = himself & all 8 family4 ,robb]s4--,z consid]able robb]ies frequ5tly take place 9 ?is mon? among ! ,bees1 att5tion is requir$ to discov] if any hives are attack$2 & :5 x is f\nd to be ! case1 x w be necess>y to n>r[ ! entrance ( ! hive1 s t only "o or two ,bees at mo/ c g 9 at ! same "t4 ,! weak /ocks1 9 g5]al1 are ^? t suff] f pillage4 ,robb] ,bees may easily be di/+ui%$ f o!rs1 = !y fly rapidly r\nd ! hive1 & hov] be=e ! entrance = "s "t be=e alight+2 & :5 !y v5ture to d s !y are g5]ally seiz$ by "s ( ! s5t9els :i* gu>d ! entrance4 ,que5 ,wasps4--,! de/ruction ( que5 wasps1 :i* are n[ beg9n+ to make _! appe>ance1 w prove ! be/ security aga9/ _! prog5y1 ^? =midable enemies ( ! ,bee4 ,9 ,april & ,may !y are v easily captur$1 & e "o n[ de/roy$ w\ld probably h be5 ! f\nd] ( a ne/1 :i* may be comput$ at #cj1jjj at ! lea/4 ,mo?s4--,mo?s are by f> ! mo/ dang]\s enemies ! ,bees h to cont5d )4 ,x is ! cat]pill>s ( ^! mo?s :i* gnaw & de/roy ! combs2 & !y w\ld soon be ru9$ by ^! insects1 if ! ,bees did n (f] ! greate/ opposition to _! ravages4 ,! p]fect insect 7,gall]ia c]reana & ,gall]ia alve>ia7 may be se5 flutt]+ ab\t ! hive at sunset1 f ,april to ,octob]1 & %\ld be promptly de/roy$ :5ev] obs]v$4 ,,may4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ z well z ! mo/ active mon? 9 ! api>ian's cal5d> has n[ comm5c$2 food = 8 little fav\rites ab\nds 9 e direction1 & no fe> ne$ n[ be ent]ta9$ ( fam9e4 ,! population ( ! hives w h increas$ consid]ably1 & drones by ?is "t are mak+ _! appe>ance1 :i* proves t ! /ocks are 9 a heal?y & vigor\s /ate1 & %\ld be a subject ( congratulation to e ,bee-keep]4 ,e>ly drones1 e>ly sw>ms1 is a maxim1 ! tru? ( :i* e exp]i5c$ api>ian is well acqua9t$ )4 ,to ^? p]sons :o are manag+ _! ,bees ^u ! depriv+ sy/em1 ! "t w n[ h arriv$ = supply+ ea* /ock ) a small hive1 box1 or bell-glass2 & %\ld ! season prove a fav\rable "o1 ! supply1 also1 ( a second may be f\nd necess>y be=e ! end ( ! mon?4 ,me?od ( ,plac+ ! ,bell-glass1 ,box1 or ,small ,hive ^u ! ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive4--,take ! moveable piece ( /raw-"w f ! top ( ! hive 7see page #h71 & place x ^u ! adapt+ bo>d 7see page #h72 !n put ! bell-glass1 small hive1 or box 7see page #h71 ^u ?is adapt]1 & cov] ! :ole ) a milk-pan to def5d !m f wet4 ,%\ld a bell-glass be pref]r$1 x mu/ be cov]$ ) some?+ t w effectually exclude light4 ,a cov] ( /raw is1 p]haps1 ! be/4 ,x is v desirable to fix a piece ( clean comb inside ! glass1 & ?is may v easily be done by w>m+ ! p]=at$ z9c tube1 :i* is sold ) ! glasses1 & !n press+ ! piece ( comb ^u x4 ,%\ld ! comb rea* f ! top to ! bottom ( ! glass1 s mu* ! bett]2 = ! ,bees w !n beg9 to "w ^u x imm$iately4 ,^? p]sons ^: ,bees are n[ 9 common /raw hives may1 if !y please1 comm5ce ) ! above sy/em at once4 ,bet !m 9 ! middle ( a f9e cle> day1 ) a /rong %>p knife1 cut out f ! top ( ! hive a piece ( ! /raw-"w1 #d in*es 9 diamet]1 & !n place ov] ! op5+ ! adapt+ bo>d1 c41 z direct$ above4 ,%\ld ! combs be a little brok5 at ! top ( ! hive x matt]s n4 ,inde$1 x is r to be wi%$ t !y %\ld be s2 = ! ,bees 9 repair+ !m are induc$ to c>ry _! "w upw>ds 9 ! glass or box t is giv5 !m4 ,?is op]ation may be done )\t any protection :atev] by an exp]i5c$ p]son2 = if done at a prop] "t & well manag$1 n a ,bee w take w+4 ,all op]ations1 except jo9+ sw>ms1 %\ld be p]=m$ on a f9e cle> day1 & betwe5 ! h\rs ( twelve & two o'clock4 ,at ! same "t1 su* op]ations are done ) mu* less annoyance to ! ,bees1 z well z ) less *ance ( dang] to ! op]ator4 ,i g5]ally p]=m all ! op]ations requir$ 9 ?is sy/em )\t ! def5ce ev5 ( a pair ( gloves2 b ,i w\ld n recomm5d any p]son to d s until he has _h _m ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 ! managem5t ( ,bees2 = be+ p]fectly def5d$ 9 e "p aga9/ _! /+s1 gives t coolness & confid5ce to ! op]ator ^u :i* ! happy accompli%m5t ( 8 int5tions s mu* dep5ds4 ,coolness & confid5ce on ! "p ( ! op]ator are ess5tial qualifications2 = any?+ approa*+ to hurry irritates ,bees exce$+ly4 ,inde$1 ! h& ought nev] to be ha/ily remov$ f "o position to ano!r4 ,quietness1 says ,dr4 ,bevan1 is ! sure/ protection aga9/ be+ /ung4 ,def5ce4--,! be/ def5ce t ,i h f\nd is a mask ( wire simil> to a f5c+ mask1 & a pair ( v ?ick wor/$ gloves4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t no?+ is ei!r m (f5sive or m irritat+ to ,bees ?an ! human brea?3 !re=e1 ! brea?+ ^u !m mu/ at all times be mo/ c>efully avoid$4 ,cov]+ = ,glasses4--,:5 ! ,bees are beg9n+ to "w 9 a glass1 a cold night g5]ally obliges !m to =sake _! newly-made combs1 & to discont9ue _! lab\rs1 :i* are seldom resum$ till ! middle ( ! next day4 ,to prev5t ?is delay1 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! space betwe5 ! glass & its cov] to be fill$ ) f9e t[ or wool1 ! temp]ature ( ! glass be+ !reby kept up1 & ! ,bees enabl$ to c>ry on _! lab\rs )\t int]ruption4 ,wool is to be pref]r$ f its n be+ s good a conductor ( heat z t[4 ,hives4--,! "t has n[ arriv$ = ^? p]sons :o are wi%+ _! ,bees to sw>m to h a supply ( hives 9 read9ess2 & :]e /raw hives are us$1 ,i w\ld recomm5d new ones 9 all cases1 except :]e a sw>m ( ! la/ ye> has di$1 & ! combs /ill rema9+ 9 ! hive1 ! combs be+ dry & free f m\ld4 ,a hive ( ?is k9d is a great help to a sw>m2 = "o treat$ 9 ?is mann] w g5]ally be f\nd ,bett] ?an "o a =tnight or ?ree weeks e>li] t has be5 put into an empty hive4 ,depriv+-,hives1 or ,sup]s4--,x w n[ be "t to h small hives1 boxes or glasses1 9 read9ess to place ^u /ock hives4 ,ea* box1 or glass1 %\ld h a few pieces ( guide-comb neatly fix$ 9 x2 b refra9 f putt+ !m on until !re are evid5t signs ( want ( room4 ,?is may be asc]ta9$ by ! ,bees ?ick5+ at ! entrance1 & by a l\d hum inside2 = if put on too e>ly x w ret>d ! hat*+ ( ! brood1 z well z give ! ,bees an unwill+ness to ent] x at all4 ,! mo/ desirable "t = plac+ a glass or box ^u a /ock hive1 is ! exact "t :5 !y w ent] x imm$iately2 b ! k ( ?is1 ,i am aw>e1 is att5d$ ) "s difficulty4 ,i h always f\nd1 t by giv+ a glass too e>ly 9 ! season1 ,bees appe> to take a dislike to x1 & w sw>m r ?an ent] x4 ,:5 ,i h be5 able to put a glass ^u a cr[d$ hive at ab\t n9e o'clock on ! morn+ ( a w>m day1 x has sc>cely ev] fail$ to be fill$ ) ,bees imm$iately4 ,be ! sup] ( wood1 glass1 or /raw1 a small piece ( guide-comb is a great inducem5t to ! ,bees to beg9 work+ 9 x at once4 ,v5tilation4--,x has be5 my practice = "s ye>s to give all ! v5tilation possible to my /ocks 9 boxes1 by )draw+ all ! slides ab\t ,octob]1 & keep+ !m op5 to ! end ( ,april3 = !n no cond5s$ vap\r c injure ei!r ! combs or ! ,bees1 & !n %utt+ !m = a week or two be=e putt+ on ! glasses1 s t1 ^u aga9 op5+ !m1 ! ,bees imm$iately take possession ( ! sup]s1 & beg9 _! "w 9 !m4 ,driv+ ,bees f "o ,hive to ,ano!r4--,i am frequ5tly appli$ to by beg9n]s = ! be/ plan ( remov+ a /ock ( ,bees1 at ?is season1 f an old hive to "s fancy "o !y h *anc$ to meet )1 & ,i h1 9 all cases1 said t x is a plan ,i h nev] ei!r adopt$ or recomm5d$4 ,let ! ,bees rema9 9 ! old hive1 & if x be too unsightly to be tol]at$1 h a ta/y cov] ( wood or z9c made to fit x & let !m sw>m1 & put ! sw>m into ! new hive4 ,if a weak "o1 jo9 ! second sw>m to x2 if n1 hive ! second sw>m 9 ! usual mann]1 & !n 9 ,septemb]1 ei!r by driv+ or fumigat+ ! ,bees 9 ! old hive1 jo9 !m to ! second sw>m4 ,sw>ms4--,^? p]sons :o are anxi\s to comm5ce ,bee-keep+ by pur*as+ sw>ms1 mu/ n[ provide !mselves ) su* k9ds ( hives z !y are wi%+ to see _! ,bees plac$ 91 & s5d !m to ! p]sons ( :om !y h agre$ to pur*ase1 t ! ,bees maybe hiv$ into !m at ! "t ( sw>m+4 ,%\ld x be /raw hives t are *os51 let !re be no /icks plac$ )9side !m = ! ,bees to fa/5 _! combs to1 = !y cause !m mu* tr\ble 9 =m+ ! combs1 & r5d] ! extraction ( ! combs almo/ impossible4 ,let !re be no sug>$ ale nor honey put inside ! hive1 b let x be z clean & dry z possible2 & :5 x is fix$ :]e x is to rema9 let !re be no mort> or clay put r\nd to fa/5 x to ! floor-bo>d--! ,bees !mselves w d ?is m effectually4 ,clay or mort> t5ds v mu* to decay ! hives by reta9+ moi/ure1 & is a h>b\r = mo?s & o!r insects4 ,on ! depriv+ sy/em1 a hive may be expect$ to /& = fifte5 or ev5 tw5ty ye>s1 if prop]ly manag$4 ,pur*as]s %\ld endeav\r to obta9 ! v e>lie/ sw>ms 9 ,may1 if !re be any1 b on no acc\nt to h !m aft] ! #ad? or #ae? ( ,june2 & x is v important to obs]ve1 t :5ev] a sw>m is pur*as$1 x mu/ be remov$ to ! place 9 :i* x is to rema9 ^u ! ev5+ ( ! day x sw>m$2 = %\ld its removal be delay$ ev5 till ! ev5+ ( ! next day1 ! combs w 9 all probability be brok51 & ! /ock de/roy$4 ,let x be rememb]$1 t ! prosp]ity ( ! hive w mu* 7p]haps entirely7 dep5d ^u its be+ f9ally plac$ ^u ! ev5+ ( ! day x sw>m$4 ,x mu/ be a v peculi> k9d ( day to induce a fir/ sw>m to emigrate4 ,x mu/ be a balmy /ill day1 & some?+ besides t ,i _c discov]1 = !re may be sev]al days to all appe>ance alike1 & ^u "o ( ^! days ev]ybody's ,bees %all sw>m1 :il/ n ano!r sw>m1 p]haps1 %all be he>d ( on any o!r day = "s "t4 ,?is late sw>m+ w be a sad disappo9tm5t to ^? :o are comm5c+ ,bee-keep+ ?is summ]1 :o inde$1 are n a few2 & ,i congratulate ea* "o ( !m1 = !y w f9d 9 ! managem5t & obs]vation ( _! ,bees a con/ant & increas+ s\rce ( int]e/ & amusem5t4 ,premature ,sw>ms1 or ! :ole population ( a hive leav+ x1 & alight+ at a di/ance f x2 9 ! usual mann]3--,?is g5]ally happ5s e>ly 9 ,may4 ,! be/ plan t c be adopt$ 9 ^! cases is to unite ! ,bees to ano!r /ock1 if !y %\ld n jo9 "o ( !mselves2 = if put into a hive !y g5]ally leave x or die4 ,! cause usually arises f pov]ty1 or ! old age ( ! que54 ,%\ld we h a dry ,may1 sw>ms may be expect$ at ! end ( ! mon?3 !re=e x w be good policy to h e arrangem5t = _! reception made 9 good "t2 b ,june mu/ be ! mon? = honey4 ,none 9 ,june1 none aft]w>ds1 dep5d on x4 ,! honey h>ve/ comes on all at once1 & v seldom la/s long] ?an a =tnight1 s t additional room %\ld be 9 read9ess if requir$4 ,enemies4--,que5 wasps are n[ %[+ !mselves1 & %\ld be s\ght aft] & de/roy$1 bo? by g>d5]s & api>ians4 ,a few mild days 9 ,febru>y usually tempt !m out1 :5 ! cold :i* foll[s kills !m1 or r5d]s !m s feeble z to be easily captur$2 b n[ !y come at once f _! hid+-places to a temp]ature ( #fj4 ,! de/ruction ( ! que5s1 !re=e1 is important bo? to ! g>d5] z well z to ! api>ian2 &1 z soon z !y are se5 to alight1 dis*>ge a syr+e full ( wat] ^u !m1 :i* is sure to br+ !m to ! gr\nd1 :5 !y may be cru%$ easily ) ! foot4 ,wat* c>efully = mo?s4 ,%\ld ! ,bees ( any hive appe> inactive ab\t ?is "t1 or %\ld !y n be se5 to c>ry 9 pellets ( poll51 :il/ o!rs are do+ x1 & ?is inaction cont9ue = eight or t5 days1 lose no "t 9 exam9+ ! hive2 & %\ld ! mo?s h begun _! "w ( de/ruction1 :i* may be kn[n by see+ _! combs jo9$ toge!r by _! silk5 webs1 cut away ! combs affect$ ) a %>p knife1 & ! hive may p]haps be sav$4 ,! h\se sp>r[ may also be rank$ among/ ! enemies ( ,bees1 = ,i h obs]v$1 = ! la/ f\r or five ye>s1 ! female birds fly+ f ! gr\nd up to ! m\? ( ! hive1 & cat*+ ! ,bees j be=e1 or z !y take w+1 & away ) !m to _! "y ones :5 _! ne/ is nigh ! api>y4 ,i h se5 z _m z six or eight j\rneys made 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r by ! female bird only4 ,! male appe>s to take no "p 9 x4 ,i h nev] witness$ ! l at any o!r "t b :5 ! birds h "y to provide =2 !re=e x w\ld be well to h all ! ne/s 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! api>y de/roy$4 ,fe$+4--,weak /ocks mu/ /ill cont9ue to h b>ley-sug> suppli$ to !m1 = dur+ ! preval5ce ( nor? & ea/]ly w9ds b little food c be collect$4 ,poll54--,^? /ocks t are alive w be c>ry+ 9 poll5 mo/ abundantly ( a gold5 yell[ col\r1 :i* is obta9$ f ,cr[sfoot1 ,ranunculus fic>ia1 & ,ranunculus bulbosa1 b m especially f ! =m]1 x be+ ! e>lie/ z well z ! mo/ abundant2 = next to ! ,d&elion1 x makes our mead[s brilliant4 ,x is ,%akspe>e's ,cuckoo-buds ( yell[ hue1 & greatly inde$ are our little fav\rites indebt$ to x = a supply ( food = _! e>ly prog5y4 ,! ,crocus la/s b a %ort "t1 & is met ) only 9 g>d5s1 :ile ?is cov]s almo/ e mead[ 9 ! k+dom dur+ ! mon?s ( ,m>* & ,april3 !re=e1 h[ little advantage arises f cultivat+ ,bee-fl[]s1 z !y are frequ5tly call$1 = x is ! fields1 & ! fields alone1 t supply _! /ore ( honey4 ,s[ tw5ty acres ( ,:ite ,clov] )9 a mile ( !m & leave x = se$1 & 9 ! autumn tw5ty or ?irty acres ( ,buck:eat1 & mu* b5efit w arise2 b ! little t a g>d5 af=ds !m is almo/ valueless4 ,,june4 ,x w n[ be "t to place glasses or small hives ^u su* /ocks z are n int5d$ to sw>m1 & x w be well n to d x until ! bees beg9 to %[ evid5t signs ( want ( room2 = !n !y w asc5d imm$iately into ! glasses1 & comm5ce work+2 b on ! contr>y1 :5 !y are put on too e>ly--t is1 be=e ! /ock hives are full ) ,bees1 !y w n g into !m1 b frequ5tly sw>m 9 pref]5ce2 & besides1 op5+ ! hive to put on ! glass be=e x is full )4 ,bees causes a circulation ( cold air ?r\gh its c5tre1 :i* t5ds greatly to ret>d ! hat*+ ( ! brood4 ,guide-combs4--,a glass %\ld nev] be put on )\t hav+ a piece or two ( guide-comb plac$ at ! top1 :i* may easily be effect$ by fir/ w>m+ ! z9c tube1 & !n atta*+ ! comb to x :il/ 9 t /ate4 ,glasses4--,= ! me?od ( plac+ glasses1 small hives1 c41 on ! ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive see page #ed1 & = ! treatm5t ( sw>ms g5]ally1 tak+ honey1 expell+ ! ,bees f glasses1 c41 see page #ef4 ,b> ,hives4--,p]sons :o h possess$ !mselves ( ^! excell5t hives are by ?is "t anxi\sly look+ = sw>ms to put into !m1 or q z anxi\sly wat*+ ! progress ( ^? already at "w 9 !m4 ,! guide-combs be+ prop]ly fix$ w insure _! work+ regul>ly ^u ! b>s ( ! /ock box1 b n q s surely ^u ^? ( ! upp] "o2 =1 not)/&+ e precaution be+ tak5 to prev5t x1 !y w sometimes comm5ce work+ _! combs f ! top ( ! /ock box1 :i* =ms ! floor ( ! upp] "o4 ,?is mu/ be att5tively wat*$ = ! fir/ ?ree or f\r days aft] op5+ ! communication betwe5 ! boxes1 & any comb obs]v$ 9 ?is position mu/ be imm$iately remov$4 ,artificial ,sw>ms4--,! pres5t is a good "t = obta9+ artificial sw>ms1 & :]e any =m ( ! ,b> ,hives is us$1 ! process is v simple1 & may be ?us effect$3--,f t5 to twelve o'clock1 on a bright morn+1 remove ! bo>d f ! top ( ! p>5t hive2 select a b>1 ! comb on :i* conta9s bo? eggs & brood1 & if a royal cell1 all ! bett]1 b ?is is n important2 place ! b> ) comb 9 "s conv5i5t place1 s t x is nei!r bruis$ nor sep>at$ f ! b>2 !n turn up ! p>5t hive1 aft] hav+ fa/5$ d[n ! top1 & place ! "o int5d$ = ! new sw>m ^u x1 obs]v+ t ! junction is p]fect2 !n1 by a cont9u\s g5tle tapp+ ^u ! p>5t hive = a few m9utes1 a portion ( ! ,bees w h asc5d$ into ! hive4 ,remove ! p>5t hive #fj or #ajj y>ds1 plac+ x ^u a fre% floor-bo>d1 & place ! new hive exactly 9 ! place ( ! old "o1 & ^u ! same floor-bo>d2 &1 z quickly z possible1 introduce ! b> ( comb fill$ ) eggs & brood into its c5tre1 replace ! top1 & endeav\r to h ! ext]ior ( ! hive z little alt]$ 9 appe>ance z may be2 x w !n be f\nd t ! few ,bees driv5 into ! new hive1 ) ! numb] return+ to x t 7 out at "w1 ) "s t may come f ! p>5t hive1 w altoge!r make a fair-siz$ sw>m4 ,! p>5t hive w1 9 all probability1 give ano!r sw>m 9 ab\t f\rte5 days4 ,sw>m+4--,! "t = sw>ms is n[ v nigh at h&1 if we are to h any2 b 9 weak /ocks x is n v desirable4 ,h[ev]1 if !y come1 ! be/ mu/ be made ( !m4 ,by all means let ! new sw>m be plac$ :]e x is to rema9 z soon z x is settl$ 9 its new hive1 :i* r>ely exce$s t5 m9utes4 ,?is w save ! ,bees mu* loss ( "t1 z well z numb]s ( !m _! lives4 ,:5 !re is dull & cold wea!r 9 ,m>* & ,april1 & ev5 ,may1 _m /ocks become weak & feeble1 & numb]s entirely p]i%2 !re=e1 sw>m+1 g5]ally1 mu/ be lat] ?an usual2 & ^? p]sons :o are wi%+ to prev5t x altoge!r mu/ n be satisfi$ by simply plac+ boxes or glasses ^u _! /ocks1 b !y mu/ also see t ! ,bees take possession ( !m1 & ! be/ me?od to secure ?is is n to put ! sup]s on until ! ,bees beg9 to be a little inconv5i5c$ = want ( room2 & !n1 by plac+ a bit or two ( guide-comb1 z be=e direct$1 into ! sup]1 ! ,bees w ent] x at once & comm5ce work+4 ,que5less ,/ocks4--,x is n at all unusual at ?is season to see ! ,bees ( "s hives1 al?\gh possess+ a good /ore ( honey1 q inactive1 c>ry+ 9 no poll51 & bask+ 9 ! sun at ! m\? ( ! hive1 b /ill giv+ sm>t resi/ance to a robb] if he v5tures to make an entry4 ,?is arises f ! old age or dea? ( ! que52 &1 if ! ,bees are num]\s11 w g on 9 ! same mann] ne>ly ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,b1 if ! numb]s be few1 robb]s w attack !m1 & little or no resi/ance w be (f]$2 b frequ5tly ! ,bees !mselves w assi/ 9 c>ry+ (f ! /ore to ! pirates' home1 :]e ! que5less ,bees w meet ) a ready welcome4 ,! be/ me?od to adopt 9 su* a case is to introduce a piece ( comb f a /rong hive1 :i* conta9s bo? brood & eggs1 & ultimately d v well4 ,9 ,taylor's ,b> ,hive ?is process is v easily effect$1 by m]ely tak+ a b> ( comb f "o hive & introduc+ x into ano!r1 or a piece ( comb1 ) eggs & brood1 may be fix$ 9 a bell-glass1 & plac$ ^u ! que5less hive4 ,que5 ,wasps4--,to de/roy ^! ,bead's ,syr+e is a v useful in/rum5t1 = by dis*>g+ x at !m :5 !y alight1 x is sure to br+ !m to ! gr\nd1 :5 ! foot may easily be put ^u !m4 ,x is important to e api>ian & g>d5]1 b m especially ! =m]1 to de/roy all !y c at ?is season4 ,e>ly ,bre$+4--,_m plans h be5 adopt$ to effect ?is v desirable object1 & none entirely )\t success1 b v>i\sly1 accord+ to ! means us$4 ,! hives t h be5 simply b\nd ) hayb&s are c]ta9ly e>li] ?an ^? t h n2 b ^? t h be5 cov]$ ) loose sack+1 & !n b\nd tightly r\nd ) oil-clo?1 s t :5 ! cov]+s 7 tak5 (f = a few m9utes ! outside ( ! hive felt q w>m1 are e>li] /ill2 :il/ ^? plac$ 9 a gre5h\se are e>li] ?an ei!r2 b ! e>lie/ are ^? cov]$ ) f]m5t+ /able-litt]2 yes1 lit]ally plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( a hotb$1 leav+ only a passage = ! +ress & egress ( ! ,bees4 ,prop] ,"t = ,tak+ ,honey4--,x is probable t 9 fav\rable situations1 t[>ds ! close ( ! pres5t mon?1 "s glasses1 small hives1 or boxes ( honey may be 9 a suffici5tly =w>d /ate to all[ ( _! be+ tak5 (f1 :i* may be kn[n by _! be+ fill$ ) honey1 & ! combs all seal$ up2 or !y may rema9 till ^? plac$ b5ea? !m are also seal$ up4 ,^u v /rong & popul\s hives1 9 a good season1 x is necess>y to place ev5 a ?ird2 b ?is mu/ be remov$ ) great caution1 & c]ta9ly n be=e ! end ( ,augu/1 or ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]1 & n !n unless ! p>5t hive conta9s full #bj lbs4 ( honey4 ,,july4 ,sw>m+ is frequ5tly mu* lat] ?an usual if ,may be wet & cold1 & ! /ocks be v weak4 ,x is v probable t second & ?ird sw>ms w be com+ 9 ,july1 & %\ld x prove s1 we w\ld recomm5d _! be+ unit$ to late sw>ms1 or ?ree or f\r ( !m be+ put toge!r4 ,return+ ,sw>ms4--,! necessity = return+ sw>ms 9 "s seasons1 ,i ?9k1 w be app>5t to e "o at all acqua9t$ ) ,bee managem5t1 &1 inde$1 9 "s cases ( return+ sw>ms2 b ?is _c be done ) any *ance ( success b 9 a b> hive1 & !re ! op]ator is sure to succe$4 ,! mann] ( p]=m+ ! op]ation w be z foll[s3--,z soon z ! sw>m has left ! p>5t hive1 proce$ imm$iately to op5 ! hive & take out ! b>s1 "o by "o1 & cutt+ f ea* comb e royal cell t is se5 ^u x1 & replac+ ! comb aga9 9 ! hive4 ,! cell 9 :i* ! que5 ,bee is born is entirely ( a diff]5t con/ruction f t ( ei!r ! drone or ! common ,bees4 ,! cell ( ! latt] is plac$ horizontally 9 ! hive1 & t ( ! que5 is plac$ p]p5dicul>ly2 t ( ! common ,bee is an exact hexagon1 & t ( ! que5 circul>2 besides1 ! cell ( ! que5 is always fix$ at ! sides ( ! combs1 & g5]ally ^u t ne> ! middle ( ! hive4 ,?is op]ation ( remov+ ! royal cells w take ab\t five m9utes2 &1 :5 done1 return ! sw>m imm$iately to ! hive4 ,! old que5 :i* l$ x (f1 f9d+ by ?is process t !re is no royal brood left 9 ! hive to succe$ h]1 w n aga9 attempt to leave x4 ,p]sons :o h nev] practis$ ?is me?od w be surpris$ to f9d h[ easily x is accompli%$2 = ! p>5t hive w at ?is "t be f\nd to be almo/ depopulat$ f ! numb]s t h left x 9 ! sw>m1 & ^? t are out collect+4 ,9 "s cases ! help ( a puff or two ( tobacco-smoke may be useful1 %\ld ! few ,bees left be angry1 or ! op]ator feel at all timid4 ,! readie/ way ( return+ ! sw>m w be to lay a bo>d ^u ! floor-bo>d ( ! hive1 & p>allel ) x1 ^u :i*1 by a sm>t & sudd5 movem5t1 %ake ! sw>m1 & z nigh to ! entrance ( ! p>5t hive z c be done conv5i5tly1 & ) ! f+]1 or a piece ( wood1 guide a few ,bees to ! entrance1 & ! rema9d] w foll[ imm$iately4 ,glasses & ,small ,hives4--,! prop] "t = op5+ ! communication betwe5 ! boxes1 z well z = putt+ glasses or small hives ^u sw>ms t are 9 ! ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive1 mu/ 9 "s measure dep5d ^u ! season4 ,9 a good season x may be done f ! eighte5? to ! tw5ty-fir/ day aft] ! "t ( _! be+ hiv$4 ,9 "s seasons ,i h _h a glass hold+ #aj lbs4 ( honeycomb fill$ 9 less ?an a =tnight f ! "t ( putt+ x on4 ,:5 ?is happ5s1 a box or small hive %\ld be plac$ betwe5 x & ! hive z direct$ at page #bb2 or1 9 all probability1 a second sw>m w be ?r[n (f4 ,to prev5t ?is1 e possible means mu/ be tak52 = ! sw>m com+ s late 9 ! season1 z ?is mu/ consequ5tly be1 is g5]ally ( no value1 except to unite to o!rs1 & ! /ock itself is s weak5$ by x t x seldom lives ?r\gh ! foll[+ w9t]4 ,melt$ ,combs4--,%ad+ %\ld always be _h rec\rse to 9 su* wea!r z t ( ! middle ( ,july1 & m especially s = sw>ms ( ! ye>4 ,9 ^? cases :]e x has2 un=tunately tak5 place1 x w be bett] to %ade imm$iately & no?+ m1 leav+ ! re/ t is to be done entirely to ! ,bees4 ,%ad+4--,%\ld ! wea!r prove v hot & sultry1 x w be necess>y to %ade newly-hiv$ sw>ms = a few h\rs 9 a day1 say f t5 till two o'clock2 a gre5 b\gh answ]s v well = ?is purpose--t f ! fir trees1 p]haps1 is ! be/1 z well z ! mo/ durable4 ,i h m ?an once se5 ! combs ( a newly-hiv$ sw>m s heat$ by a ,july sun z to fall f ! top ( ! hive1 & ! honey to run 9 a /ream f its entrance1 consequ5tly ! /ocks 7 ru9$4 ,wasps4--,i am q sure t x is ne$ful = u all to use e means 9 our p[] = ! de/ruction ( ^! sad enemies to our ,bees4 ,z prev5tion is always bett] ?an cure1 t object is atta9$ by captur+ ! que5 wasps at ?is "t2 &1 inde$1 z long z !y c be se54 ,"s p]sons recomm5d %oot+ !m4 ,i h always f\nd a g>d5-syr+e to be a v useful ?+2 = if fill$ ) wat] & dis*>g$ at !m1 x seldom fails to br+ !m to ! gr\nd1 b x matt]s n by :at means s t !y are de/roy$4 ,,augu/4 ,i h already suffici5tly insi/$ ^u ! necessity ( unit+ second & ?ird sw>ms1 s t1 among/ my read]s1 n ev5 "o second or ?ird sw>m c be f\nd by itself4 ,x %\ld be impress$ ^u ! m9d ( e api>ian1 t ! l>g] ! colony at ! outset1 ! bett] ! ,bees w "w1 & ! m prosp]\s x w become4 ,a /ock weak at ! outset nev] does well4 ,! me?od ( return+1 z giv5 at page #ec1 is v simple1 & may be accompli%$ 9 a few m9utes1 ev5 by ! mo/ inexp]i5c$ p]son4 ,return+ ,sw>ms4--,return+ fir/ or second sw>ms to _! p>5t hive1 is n only att5d$ ) mu* tr\ble1 &1 g5]ally1 ) a failure ( ! object desir$1 b also ) mu* loss ( "t to ! ,bees1 & t at a season ( ! ye> :5 e h\r is ( importance to !m4 ,a sw>m left a ,nutt's hive on ! #crd ( ,june2 ! que5 0 captur$1 & ! sw>m return$4 ,)9 a few days ( ! "t be=e m5tion$ x came out aga91 & 0 treat$ 9 a simil> mann]2 & s x cont9u$ to g on until ne>ly ! end ( ! mon?1 :5 ! sw>m1 in/ead ( be+ return$ to ! p>5t hive1 z _h be5 done s _m times be=e1 0 hiv$ into an improv$ cottage hive1 :]e x did v well2 b dur+ ! :ole "t t sw>m+ 0 go+ on1 :i* occupi$ ?ree weeks1 & ^! ! be/ ?ree weeks ( ! ye>1 work+ 0 entirely susp5d$ 7:i* is always ! case71 & n a p\nd ( honey 0 /or$2 :]eas1 _h ! sw>m be5 put 9 ! cottage hive 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 f #ae to #bj lbs4 ( honey w\ld1 9 all probability1 h be5 collect$ by x 9 t "t4 ,an api>ian1 9 ,norfolk1 "s ye>s s9ce1 _h a /ock ( ,bees 9 a fav\rite hive1 :i*1 v mu* aga9/ 8 wi%es1 & not)/&+ e means hav+ be5 tak5 to prev5t x1 s5t out a sw>m4 ,he captur$ ! que51 & return$ ! sw>m2 aft] a few days ! sw>m came =? aga91 & 0 treat$ 9 ! same mann]1 & x w5t on to sw>m = ei!r sev5 or n9e times1 & 0 return$ z _m times1 except ! la/1 :5 x 0 put into a new hive4 ,?irte5 que5s 7 captur$ & de/roy$ dur+ ?is process1 v ne>ly a mon? 0 sp5t 9 sw>m+ & be+ return$1 &1 consequ5tly1 no "w 0 done dur+ t "t2 ! result ( :i* 0 t ! be/ "p ( ! season hav+ be5 lo/ nei!r sw>m nor /ock 0 ( any value4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 say1 ,let all be done t c be done to prev5t sw>m+1 by giv+ room & v5tilation1 :i* has v r>ely fail$2 b if1 aft] e means has be5 us$ to prev5t sw>m+1 a sw>m %\ld come (f1 nev] attempt return+ x1 b hive x by itself 9 ! usual mann]4 ,e>ly ,sw>ms4--,n[1 z e>ly sw>ms appe> to be s v desirable1 x may be ask$1 ,:at are ! mo/ likely means ( insur+ !m8 ,&1 9 reply to ?is "q1 ,i w\ld say1 ,leave ! /ocks ri* 9 /ore 9 ! autumn1 ! cont5ts ( ea* hive weigh+1 at lea/1 f #bj to #be lbs41 & let ! population also ( ea* hive be v num]\s2 if x be n s1 add ! ,bees f weak hives into x4 ,autumnal ,unions4--,:]e second & ?ird sw>ms h be5 hiv$ by !mselves1 !y w g5]ally be f\nd too poor to live ?r\gh ! w9t]1 ev5 ) fe$+2 &1 :]e ?is has be5 done1 !y may be put two or ?ree toge!r 9 ! mann] direct$ at page #fj4 ,tak+ ,honey4--,^? p]sons :o h be5 s =tunate z to get _! glasses fill$ ) honey w n[ be prep>+ to take !m (f2 b ,i w\ld recomm5d e "o to d x ) great caution2 & n only fir/ to weigh ! matt] well 9 _! own m9ds1 b also to weigh _! hives1 & if x c be satisfactorily prov$ t !y w conta9 #bj lbs4 ( honey ea* :5 ! glasses are remov$1 all well2 b if n1 let ! glass or box rema9 ^u ! /ock hive until ! bees h empti$ x ( its honey2 z soon z ?is is asc]ta9$1 let x be remov$4 ,"s p]sons hav+ f\nd mu* difficulty 9 expell+ ! ,bees f a glass or box1 aft] hav+ remov$ x f ! /ock hive1 & o!rs :o h compla9$ ( ! "t occupi$ 9 effect+ ?is object1 may adopt ! foll[+ v +5i\s & useful app>atus1 inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,antram1 a cl]gyman ( ,devon%ire1 & :i* has be5 k9dly h&$ to me1 ) 8 p]mission to make x public4 ,x is a contrivance = empty+ a hive ( its occupants2 x may also be appli$ to a bell-glass1 or box1 ei!r at top or atta*$ to a bo>d on :i* ! remov$ glass is plac$4 ,he calls x 8 ,bee-trap2 & x is1 he says1 ,an inv5tion = tak+ ! honey f e description ( d\ble hive1 :i* is n only simple1 b v efficaci\s1 & ent]ta9+ to wat*4 ,i %\ld premise t e extra box or hive mu/ be furni%$ ) a second ap]ture nev] to be op5$ except :5 ! honey is to be tak54 ,provide a block ( wood #a in* long] & half an in* deep] ?an ! ap]ture1 & #c or #d in*es wide2 cut ! front to an angle ( #de or less2 !n cut out ( ! "u "p a groove ! exact size ( ! ap]ture1 ?us leav+ a ?ickness ( half an in* ( wood at ! sides & top4 ,get a piece ( talc1 or v ?9 horn 7glass is too heavy71 cem5t or gum x to a piece ( ribbon1 :i* latt] fa/5 to :at rema9s ( ! slop+ front above2 divide ! talc into portions ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* wide4 ,a t9 bottom %\ld be affix$ to ! :ole1 to :i* ! talc mu/ rea*1 & on :i* x mu/ re/4 ,:5 y wi% to empty a hive place ?is be=e ! op5+ be=e m5tion$1 & cut (f ! communication betwe5 ! hives2 ! ,bees1 see+ ! light1 w "o by "o pu% up ! small pieces ( talc & escape2 ! talc falls back 9 its place2 ?us !re is no re-ent]+1 & y\r hive becomes rapidly empti$4 ,!re is "h no previ\s remov+ ( ! hive or box1 no dang] ( a /+1 & no fe> ( robb]s2 ev5 if ! que5 be !re1 %e1 f9d+ h]self des]t$ by h] subjects1 w soon dep>t1 & re-ent] ! /ock hive by ! accu/om$ entrance4 ,x acts ^u ! same pr9ciple z ! old wire rat-trap4 ,two loops ( t91 ) holes ?r\gh1 are add$1 to fa/5 or susp5d x1 :5 !re is no alight+-bo>d4 ,x may be plac$ on ! top ( a box1 b mu/ !n h a hole 9 ! bottom1 & a slip ( t9 by way ( a back2 ! t9 bottom may project a little beyond ! l[] edge ( ! talc 9 front1 &1 inde$1 x is bett] s4 ,?is useful contrivance ,i feel assur$ w be adopt$ by _m p]sons2 = x w entirely prev5t ! t$i\sness ( wat*+ a glass ( honey until ! ,bees h left x1 :i* )\t ?is protection is at all times necess>y1 & m especially s :5 tak5 late 9 ! season1 & robb]s are on e side4 ,i h m ?an once se5 a good glass ( honey empti$ ( e drop by !m :5 c>elessly left by its own] = a few h\rs2 n[1 ) ?is trap atta*$1 x may be left ev5 = days ) p]fect safety4 ,tak+ (f ,glasses ( ,honey4--,"s p]sons1 ,i d\bt n1 are beg9n+ to be anxi\s to possess !mselves ( a few glasses ( honey f _! ,bees4 ,if ! combs are seal$ up !y may be tak52 b ,i w\ld recomm5d e "o :o attempts x dur+ hot wea!r to be m ?an commonly c>eful h[ !y remove !m1 or ! combs w fall out4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,knife = ,cutt+ out ,combs4--,?is knife1 :i* is s simple 9 its con/ruction1 & s easily us$1 des]ves to be made g5]ally kn[n4 ,gelieu1 to :om api>ians are mu* indebt$1 tells u t 9 ,switz]l& x is commonly us$1 & t ! combs1 f hives ( any %ape or mat]ials1 are extract$ )\t any difficulty4 ,x is =m$ ( a /rip ( /eel #b feet long by "o-eigh? ( an in* ?ick2 ! h&le is #bj in*es long by half an in* broad4 ,! turn-d[n blade1 ( #b in*es 9 l5g?1 is spe>-po9t$1 %>p on ! edges1 & b5t s z to =m an angle ( #ij ) ! h&le2 ! o!r blade is #b in*es long by #a-a_/b in* broad1 & %>p5$ all r\nd4 ,! broad blade cuts & sep>ates ! combs f ! sides ( ! hives2 & ! spe> po9t1 :i* is also %>p on ea* side1 admits1 f its direction & n>r[ness1 ( be+ introduc$ betwe5 ! combs to loos5 !m f ! top ( ! hive4 ,entrances to ,hives to re ,n>r[$4--,t[>ds ! end ( ?is mon? x w be necess>y to contract ! entrances ( ! hives1 t ! ,bees may be bett] enabl$ to def5d !mselves f ! attacks ( wasps4 ,9 ,taylor's ,hive1 ^! ?+s are suppli$2 b1 9 ! ,cottage ,hive1 ,i h f\nd w$ges ( cork ( diff]5t sizes to answ] rem>kably well4 ,wasps' ,ne/s to be ,de/roy$4--,x w be well to h dilig5t se>* made 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! api>y = wasps' ne/s1 & to h !m de/roy$1 = :i* purpose ! _s ( turp5t9e appe>s to answ] rem>kably well4 ,! usual me?od ( proc$ure1 ,i believe1 is to put a small quantity into a common w9e bottle1 to put ! m\? ( ! bottle into ! hole lead+ to ! ne/1 & surr\nd+ x ) e>?4 ,v little turp5t9e is requir$--m]ely z mu* z w wet ! sides ( ! bottle4 ,if appli$ 9 ! ev5+ e wasp w be dead ! foll[+ morn+4 ,9 no in/ance h ,i kn[n x to fail ( ! desir$ effect1 except 9 cases :]e ! ne/ is deep 9 ! gr\nd1 or at a great] di/ance f ! m\? ( ! hole ?an 0 anticipat$4 ,a failure may sometimes occur :5 !re happ5 to be two entrances to ! ne/ in/ead ( "o2 b a second application on ! foll[+ ev5+ is sure to prove effectual4 ,additional ,room4--,x w be q useless to give additional room to any colony ( ,bees1 be !y ev] s prosp]\s1 aft] ! mon? ( ,july is end$2 = ! honey season is fa/ draw+ to a close1 & ! population ( ! hives v mu* ^u ! decrease1 n only f ! kill+ ( ! drones1 b by ! dea? ( numb]s ( ! work]s4 ,transport+ ,hives4--,9 a f9e season1 & 9 ! prospect ( a f9e autumn1 e p]son ^: locality admits ( x %\ld embrace ! opportunity ( s5d+ 8 hives to ! moors4 ,! advantages mu/ be incalculable1 n only 9 quantity1 b 9 ! delici\s quality ( ! honey !re obta9$4 ,%ad+4--,%\ld ! pres5t mon? prove hot x w be well to scre5 ! sw>ms ( ! pres5t ye> f ! int5se heat ( ! sun1 or ! combs1 be+ new & t5d]1 may be melt$ by x2 :]e ?is un=tunately happ5s ! /ock is usually de/roy$4 ,robb]s4--,late sw>ms & /ocks t are weak mu/ be closely wat*$1 & if ! lea/ appe>ance ( robb+ discov]s itself1 ! entrance to ! hive mu/ be clos$ s z to admit b "o ,bee at a "t4 ,dress+ ,hives4--,x w\ld be well if ?is practice 0 discont9u$ altoge!r2 = :5 done 9 ! mo/ judici\s mann] ! ,bees are greatly annoy$ by x4 ,a clean dry hive is m pleas+ to !m ?an "o besme>$ ) ale1 honey1 f5nel1 & all ! o!r good ?+s us$ by good dames ( old4 ,i he>d ( "o hav+ be5 wa%$1 or sme>$1 ) cream & sug>1 & 9 s pr(use a mann] t ! ,bees1 :i* _h to travel an h\r by rail1 7 f\nd at ! end ( _! j\rney to be completely saturat$ ) x1 a l>ge portion ( !m dead1 & ! rema9d] 9 su* a /ate z to r5d] x necess>y to kill !m ! next day1 to ! vexation & disappo9tm5t ( ! g5tleman to :om !y 7 s5t1 :o _h be5 impati5tly wait+ _! arrival = "s weeks4 ,cream ,i %\ld imag9e to be ! mo/ disagreeable ?+ t c\ld be ?\ght ( = ?is purpose1 except x %\ld be oil1 :i* is well kn[n to kill a ,bee1 or almo/ any insect1 ! in/ant x t\*es x1 & ?is cream ,i believe 0 "s ( ! f>-fam$ ,devon%ire1 :i* 9 its ri* & butt]y nature approa*es v closely inde$ to oil4 ,,septemb]4 ,remov+ ,sup]s4--,x is n[ q "t to remove glasses & sup]s ( e k9d f hives int5d$ = /ocks1 & to see t ea* "o conta9s at lea/ #bj lbs4 ( honey2 if n1 !y _h bett] at once be made up to t weight by fe$+4 ,at ?is "t ( ye> ,i w\ld recomm5d syrup 9 pref]5ce to b>ley-sug>1 because x c be giv5 9 l>g] quantities1 & /or$ m quickly4 ,honey is1 unque/ionably1 ! be/ food t c be giv52 &1 next to x1 a comp\nd ( honey1 loaf sug>1 & wat]4 ,b>ley-sug> is m suit$ to spr+ fe$+1 :5 b little is requir$4 ,! proportions are1 "o p\nd ( sug>1 "o-qu>t] ( a p9t ( wat]1 & "o-qu>t] ( a p\nd ( honey1 mix$ & simm]$ ov] a sl[ fire till ! sug> is melt$4 ,e>ly ,bre$+4--,9 our fitful climate ?is is a mo/ important ?+ to effect1 & e possible means = promot+ x %\ld be us$2 !re=e 9 addition to :at ,i h already said 9 ! cal5d> = la/ mon?--viz41 leav+ ! /ocks ri* 9 /ore1 z well z 9 ,bees1 ,i w\ld n[ say1 ,keep ! /ocks z cool z possible till ! end ( ,febru>y2 & if1 z has already be5 said1 t cold ret>ds ! hat*+ ( ! brood1 w>m? may be suppos$ to promote x4 ,i w\ld !re=e recomm5d1 :]e x is at all practicable1 at ! end ( ,febru>y to increase ! temp]ature ( ! hives1 by def5d+ !m ext]nally f ! cold ( ,m>* & ,april1 by any means t may ! mo/ readily be _h rec\rse to = ! purpose4 ,p]haps b9d+ ! hives neatly ov] ) hayb&s w\ld be z little tr\ble & inexp5sive z any?+4 ,%ad+4--,x is v desirable to %ade ! hives f ! w9t]'s sun1 = ! ,bees are n unfrequ5tly tempt$ !reby to leave _! hives1 nev] to return4 ,/ocks = ,next ,season4--,! "t w soon arrive = sett+ ap>t /ocks to /& ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,ea* "o int5d$ = ?is purpose %\ld be made to weigh f #bj to #be lbs41 & ! ,bees ( all weak or v old /ocks1 ! hives ( :i* are decay+ s z n to /& ) safety ?r\gh ano!r season1 %\ld be driv5 to ^? t are ! lea/ popul\s 9 ! api>y2 = x mu/ be rememb]$1 t net only a good /ore ( provision1 b t a l>ge quantity ( ,bees1 also1 is necess>y to secure success = ano!r ye>4 ,driv+4--,= p]=m+ ?is op]ation1 z well z = almo/ all o!rs1 ,i v mu* pref] ! middle ( a bright day to any o!r "t4 ,! process is v simple1 & may be effect$ 9 a few m9utes4 ,i v mu* wi% t ,i c\ld p]suade all my cottage fri5ds to adopt x1 in/ead ( ! cruel & wa/eful me?od ( burn+2 = 9 weak /ocks ! ,bees !mselves are frequ5tly ( z mu* value z _! little /ore ( honey & wax2 &1 by jo9+ !m to o!r /ocks1 v consid]able advantages arise4 ,my me?od ( driv+ is ?is3--,on a bright day1 betwe5 elev5 & "o o'clock1 turn ! hive f :i* ! ,bees are to be driv5 bottom upw>ds1 9 a %ad$ corn] ( ! g>d51 & place ^u x a hive ( ! same size2 see t !y fit closely1 & to make ! junction m complete1 tie a clo? r\nd ! hives :]e !y meet4 ,!n1 ) two /icks1 keep up a g5tle b cont9u\s tapp+ ^u ! sides ( ! inv]t$ hive = ab\t t5 m9utes1 ! ,bees w by t "t h left x & gone into ! upp] "o4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ t fact1 take x imm$iately to ! place :]e ! driv5 hive 0 tak5 f1 & place x ^u ! same floor-bo>d2 c>ry ! driv5 hive #ej or #fj y>ds away1 & place x ^u a fre% floor-bo>d2 ! few ,bees t rema9 9 x1 z well z ^? t are out at "w1 w return to ! driv5 ,bees4 ,all is n[ f9i%$ until an h\r aft] sunset1 except empty+ ! driv5 hive ( its /ore1 :5 two /icks may be laid ^u ! gr\nd ab\t #h in*es ap>t1 opposite ! /ock to :i* ! driv5 ,bees are to be jo9$2 !n1 ) a sm>t /roke da% out ! ,bees betwe5 ! /icks1 & in/antly1 b v g5tly1 place ! /ock !y are int5d$ to ent] ^u ! /icks2 leave !m = ! night1 hav+ fir/ def5d$ !m f ra91 %\ld any fall2 & 9 ! morn+1 an h\r be=e sunrise1 replace ! /ock 9 its orig9al position1 & all w be peace & h>mony4 ,"h1 !n1 w be an increas$ population--a /ock !reby enabl$ to /& ?r\gh ! w9t] mu* bett]1 & to s5d out a mu* e>li] sw>m1 if sw>ms are desir$1 ?an if ! union _h n be+ effect$4 ,wasps4--,x w be well to de/roy wasps' ne/s 9 ^? localities :]e !y are to be f\nd4 ,/&s4--,! end ( ! mon? w be a good "t to exam9e ! p$e/als ^u :i* ! /ocks are plac$2 = x is n unusual to he> ( a /ock be+ de/roy$ by ! p$e/al decay+ j bel[ ! surface ( ! e>?1 s t by a /rong w9d1 or any?+ accid5tally go+ aga9/ x1 x is brok51 & ! combs by ! fall s misplac$ z to read] ! /ock ( little or no value4 ,pres]v+ ,hives ( ,comb4--,:]e ! ,bees h des]t$ _! hives1 & x is sw>ms ( ! pres5t ye> t h g5]ally done s1 ! combs %\ld be c>efully pres]v$1 by plac+ ! hives 9 "s dry spot out ( ! rea* ( mice or insects1 = ! purpose ( hiv+ sw>ms into !m 9 ! spr+4 ,?o advantages af=d$ to a sw>m by putt+ x into a hive ( fre%1 clean comb1 are sc>cely to be cr$it$ by ^? :o h n exp]i5c$ x4 ,,octob]4 ,! "t has n[ arriv$ = decid+ ^u :i* /ocks are to be set ap>t = /&+ ?r\gh ! w9t]1 & :i* are to be driv5 & jo9$ to o!r /ocks 9 ! mann] giv5 9 ! cal5d> = la/ mon?4 ,^? set ap>t ei!r = sw>m+ or work+ 9 glasses next ye>1 %\ld be ri* bo? 9 ,bees1 & honey1 weigh+1 at lea/1 f #bj to #be lbs4 ea*4 ,^? t are n s heavy mu/ h a few p\nds ( food giv5 to !m imm$iately1 z well z hav+ ! ,bees f weak /ocks jo9$ to !m4 ,9 giv+ ! e/imat$ weight :i* %\ld be all[$ = ! comb & ,bees 9 hives ( ! fir/ ye>1 & :5 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 or five ye>s old1 ,i w\ld say1 = a hive ( sev5 ye>s /&+1 dur+ ! autumn & w9t] mon?s1 all[ = combs1 ,bees1 & /or$ poll51 #g lbs42 = "o ( six ye>s1 #f-a_/b lbs42 = five ye>s1 #e-a_/b lbs42 = f\r ye>s1 #d-a_/b lbs42 = ?ree ye>s1 #c-a_/b lbs42 = two ye>s1 #c lbs42 & = "o ye>1 #b lbs4 ,presum+ ! directions giv5 9 ! cal5d> = ,septemb]1 z to unions & fe$+1 h be5 att5d$ to1 b little att5tion w be requir$ ?is mon? beyond gu>d+ aga9/ depr$ations ( wasps1 :i* are frequ5tly num]\s at ?is season4 ,w9t] ,prep>ations4--,glasses1 small hives1 & boxes1 %\ld n[ all be remov$ f /ock hives1 :]e x c be done )\t r$uc+ ! /ore bel[ #bj lbs4 ,! /&s1 likewise1 :]e wood is us$1 %\ld be exam9$1 & if f\nd to be at all uns\nd replac$ ) new ones4 ,! ,moors4--,:]e ,bees are kept 9 ! vic9ity ( ! moors1 or :]e !y h be5 remov$ to !m1 an abundant supply ( honey w be obta9$ f ! hea!r dur+ f9e wea!r1 an advantage q unkn[n to ! ,bee-keep]s ( ! ea/]n c\nties4 ,wasps4--,= de/roy+ wasps' ne/s1 gas t> is ev5 bett] ?an turp5t9e1 & _! de/ruction is effect$ ) mu* less tr\ble1 x be+ only necess>y to put a small quantity into ! m\? ( ! ne/1 & cov] x ) e>?2 digg+ out ! ne/1 or any?+ fur!r done1 is q unnecess>y4 ,robb]s w at ?is "t be c>ry+ on _! depr$ations2 & %\ld a s]i\s attack be obs]v$1 ! entrance mu/ be n>r[$ "o-half at ! lea/4 ,w$ges ( cork answ] v well = ?is purpose4 ,/ocks4--,x is n[ full "t = ! /ocks to be put 9 ord] = ! approa*+ w9t]4 ,def5d+ !m effectually f wet is ( ! fir/ importance4 ,n>r[+ ! entrances to prev5t ! +ress ( mice is also necess>y1 z well z _! de/ruction 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! api>y4 ,hav+ done ?is1 & tak5 effectual means = keep+ ! hive free f damp1 v little fe> ne$ be ent]ta9$ ( _! be+ c>ri$ safely ?r\gh ! w9t] )\t any fur!r att5tion beyond t ( occasionally clean+ ! floor-bo>ds1 & %utt+ up ! hive :il/ sn[ lies ^u ! gr\nd4 ,cov]+s4--,! cov]+s1 also1 to ! hives %\ld be made secure aga9/ w9ds & ra9s4 ,a milk-pan1 not)/&+ ,its unsightly appe>ance1 is ! be/ protection = a hive1 & = ! w9t] mon?s m especially s4 ,/&s4--,let ! p$e/als :i* support ! hive be well look$ to at ?is "t4 ,al?\gh to ! eye !y may appe> s\nd1 let !m be exam9$ #b or #c in*es bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 & %\ld !y be f\nd 9 an uns\nd /ate replace !m by new ones3 & if !y are little *>r$ be=e fix+1 x may be ! means ( pres]v+ !m a little long]4 ,bees ) a ,nor? ,aspect4--,mu* has be5 said ( late z to ! advantages aris+ f plac+ ,bees ) ! hive's entrance to ! nor?1 :i* ! foll[+ lett] f a g5tleman 9 ,devon%ire t5ds v mu* to /r5g!n4 ,he says3-- ,9 compliance ) y\r wi%1 ,i visit$ ,b---- ye/]day1 &1 al?\gh n =tunate en\gh to f9d ,mr4 ,d4 at home1 ,i _h a long conv]sation ) 8 g>d5]1 :o alone appe>s to take any int]e/ 9 ! api>ian matt]s4 ,"o wood5 hive1 br\ght by ,mr4 ,d4 f ,ox=d1 is plac$ beh9d a wall1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,bees issue t[>ds ! s\?2 ano!r wood5 hive is completely emb$d$ 9 %rubs1 b ! entrance faces ! nor?4 ,!re is a /ock 9 a portion ( a holl[ tree1 :i* 0 f\nd :5 ! tree 0 cut d[n1 & remov$ to its pres5t position1 also fac+ ! nor?1 & a r[ ( fifte5 common /raw hives h ! same aspect3 ?us y w p]ceive t sev5te5 out ( a total ( eighte5 /ock are kept p]man5tly fac+ ! nor?4 ,! g>d5] /ates t he has pref]r$ a nor? aspect dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s1 & t he gets e>li] sw>ms & m honey ?an 8 neighb\rs4 ,= two or ?ree ye>s previ\sly he kept half 8 ,bees to ! s\?1 & half fac+ ! nor?1 & by weigh+ !m 9 ! autumn & spr+ 7,septemb] & ,april71 inv>iably f\nd t ^? fac+ ! s\? consum$ t5 times ! quantity ( food z comp>$ ) ! o!rs--= in/ance1 if "o consum$ #aj lbs41 ! o!r consum$ b #a lb42 & if "o lo/ #ae lbs4 dur+ ! w9t]1 ! o!r w\ld only dim9i% #a-a_/b lb4 ,i %\ld /ate t ,b---- appe>s to me a fir/-rate locality1 be+ close to an ext5sive hea?1 n[ 9 full fl[]4 ,! g>d5] told me t n only _h he no difficulty 9 ma9ta9+ second sw>ms1 or ca/s1 dur+ ! w9t]1 b t he consid]$ !m q equal to ! fir/ or prime sw>ms4 ,! r[ ( /raw hives is %elt]$ by trees & %rubs t[>ds ! s\?1 b lies expos$ to ! nor? w9d1 :i* ! g>d5] consid]s mo/ important1 z he attributes ! dim9i%$ consumption 9 ! w9t] to ! cold w9ds keep+ ! ,bees torpid4 ,! above is all ! in=mation ,i 0 able to glean dur+ a long conv]sation1 z no k9d ( memor&um ( any ( ! exp]im5ts has be5 kept1 & 9 ! hope t x may prove int]e/+1 ,i am1 c4 ,n[1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?is has be5 done 9 ,devon%ire1 & x is n unlikely t climate may h to be consid]$ z to aspect1 & :at may d 9 ,devon%ire might n answ] s well 9 cold] p>ts4 ,x has frequ5tly be5 recomm5d$ to give ,bees an aspect m or less s\!rly 9 summ]1 & a nor!rly "o 9 w9t]2 b !re seems n[ to be ! /ronge/ reason to expect t = all seasons ! nor? w be f\nd mo/ suitable4 ,,novemb]4 ,! requirem5ts ( ! api>y are b few dur+ ! pres5t mon?1 provid$ t fe$+ has be5 well att5d$ to 9 ! la/4 ,%\ld x1 h[ev]1 h be5 neglect$1 no "t mu/ be lo/ 9 sett+ ab\t x be=e cold wea!r sets 91 :i* may n[ reasonably be expect$4 ,fe$+4--,by ?is "t hornets & wasps w h f9i%$ _! "w ( de/ruction & pillage2 ea* hive1 !re=e1 mu/ n[ be c>efully exam9$ & weigh$1 & %\ld any be f\nd hav+ less ?an #ah or #bj lbs4 ( honey1 supply !m imm$iately ) a suffici5t quantity to br+ !m up to t weight4 ,floor-bo>d4--,clean ! floor-bo>d ( ea* hive by scrap+ ,x ) a knife1 & bru%+ x aft]w>ds ) a dry bru%1 & see t ea* hive /&s firmly on its p$e/al1 & is well def5d$ aga9/ wet2 & = effect+ ?is 7especially dur+ w9t]71 ,i h nev] yet f\nd any?+ equal to ! milk-pan1 heavy & unsightly z x unque/ionably is4 ,i h se5 cov]s ( z9c us$1 b !y are too light & frequ5tly bl[n (f by ! w9d2 & "o night's heavy ra9 at ?is "t ( ye> w v ne>ly1 if n q1 de/roy "o ( ! be/ /ocks4 ,a g5tleman ( my acqua9tance has _h cov]s ( cork made at a co/ ( #cjs4 ea*1 & v elegant ?+s !y are2 b1 aft] ab\t f\rte5 mon?s' trial1 !y are ab&on$ because !y w n effectually keep out wet4 ,entrances4--,! entrance to ! hives mu/ n[ be n>r[$ s t only two or ?ree ,bees c come out at ! same "t = at ?is season mice are v likely to lodge !mselves 9 ! hives1 & !y are v hurtful & de/ructive to ! ,bees2 =1 hav+ once fairly lodg$ !mselves 9 a hive1 its entire de/ruction w be effect$ by !m 9 a few days4 ,mr4 ,hui% relates an anecdote ( hav+ f\nd a dead m\se 9 "o ( 8 hives4 ,he says1 ,9 ! mon? ( ,decemb]1 on inspect+ my api>y1 ,i p]ceiv$ a hive to be 9 an unusual bu/le & ! ,bees 9 great agitation4 ,i 0 conv9c$ t "s accid5t _h occurr$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! hive1 & ,i resolv$ to exam9e x4 ,to my great surprise ,i f\nd a dead m\se on ! /&1 & x 0 almo/ cov]$ ) propolis 7,bee-bread74 ,i fir/ resolv$ to remove ?is nause\s object2 b1 on m mature reflection1 ,i 0 n will+ to =ego ! opportunity ( ,exp]i5c+1 by actual obs]vation1 "o ( ! mo/ pr(\nd acts ( =esight & wisdom :i* c possibly be f\nd 9 ! works ( ! animal creation4 ,:at p[] is t :i* taught ! ,bee ! necessity ( cov]+ ! dead m\se ) a pla/]8 ,x might h be5 ?\ght suffici5t to kill x1 t _! prop]ty might be sav$1 & !n leave x to wa/e away 9 ! common process ( putrefaction4 ,b 7 ?is process to be all[$ to take place1 ! heal? & safety ( ! :ole hive w\ld be endang]$4 ,to prev5t1 !re=e1 ?is occurr5ce1 ! body ( ! m\se is1 z x 71 embalm$ 9 a case ( propolis1 & ! object rots away )\t emitt+ any (f5sive od\r4 ,i h myself occasionally f\nd a snail fa/5$ to ! floor-bo>d 9 a simil> mann]4 ,b a great] enemy to ,bees dur+ ! w9t] mon?s ?an ev5 ! m\se w be f\nd 9 t little m>aud] ! blue titm\se 7,p>us major ( ,l9nu71 :i* may be said to /& =emo/ z _! enemy4 ,mr4 ,pur*ase says1 ,%e w eat t5 or twelve ,bees at a "t1 & by-&-by1 be ready = m4 ,:5 %e comes to ! hive & f9ds none1 %e knocks ) h] bill at ! door1 & z soon z ! ,bees come out to inquire ! cause1 %e cat*e?1 fir/ "o & !n ano!r until h] belly be full4 ,?is ,i h obs]v$ 9 an api>y ( ab\t tw5ty hives1 9 a village nigh to me1 = ! la/ two w9t]s2 ! entrances ( ! hives by ! end ( ! w9t] hav+ ! appe>ance ( be+ gnawn by rats1 :i* has all be5 done by ^! birds4 ,%oot & trap !m 9 ! w9t]1 & de/roy _! ne/s 9 bre$+ "t4 ,remov+ ,sup]s4--,all sup] z well z nadir hives %\ld n[ be remov$1 r$uc+ ! room occupi$ by ea* /ock z mu* z possible4 ,v5tilation4--,9 hives ( wood ,i h always f\nd x necess>y dur+ ! w9t] mon?s to )draw "o ( ! slides at ! top ( ! hive1 & place ov] ! op5+ a fe$] or small glass = ! purpose ( c>ry+ (f ! cond5s$ vap\r1 :i* w\ld o!rwise run d[n ! sides ( ! hive1 & cause dampness & m\ld9ess to ! combs1 & sometimes ! entire de/ruction ( ! /ock4 ,mr4 ,taylor gives a draw+ ( a cond5s] = ?is purpose 9 8 ,bee-,keep]'s ,manual1 page #adb1 f\r? edition1 :i* ,i h f\nd to be v useful :]e a fe$+-pan c\ld n be plac$4 ,remov+ ,bees4--,%\ld any ( our read]s1 f :at has already be5 said1 feel dispos$ to try a nor!rn aspect = _! ,bees1 ,i w\ld recomm5d _! n be+ remov$ at ?is "t1 except !y are br\ght f a di/ance1 & :5 x is immat]ial at :at "t !y are remov$2 b if x be only f "o "p ( ! same g>d5 to ano!r1 x w1 be x :5 x may1 be att5d$ ) consid]able loss2 !re=e x _h bett] be done :5 ! cells are fill$ ) brood--p]haps t[>ds ! end ( ,m>*4 ,advantages ( a ,nor!rn ,aspect4--,i /ill cont9ue to receive v fav\rable reports f ^? p]sons :o h tri$ a nor!rn aspect = _! hives4 ,! results 9 e case already repres5t$ to me h be5 satisfactory2 b ,i am p]suad$ t ! greate/ c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep ! :ole ext]ior ( ! hives f wet1 :]e !y are n plac$ 9 a ,bee-h\se2 & h[ev] av]se ,i may hi!rto h express$ myself to ! use ( ,bee-h\ses1 ,i am n[ incl9$ to ?9k t :]e a nor!rn aspect is decid$ ^u !y may be necess>y4 ,9 ,devon%ire x may n be requir$2 b :]ev] hives are plac$ 9 ?is aspect )\t ! protection ( a h\se1 ,i w\ld p>ticul>ly recomm5d t1 be ! cov]+s :atev] !y may1 !y be suffici5tly l>ge to prev5t ! drip f hill+ ^u ! floor-bo>ds ( ! hives2 = ?is w\ld eng5d] dampness1 & ! loss ( ! /ock w\ld1 9 all probability1 be ! consequ5ce4 ,bee-,h\ses4--,x mu/ be rememb]$ t1 :]ev] !y are adopt$1 !y require ! greate/ c>e z to neatness & cleanl9ess1 = at be/ !y are hid+ places = ! ,bees' wor/ enemies4 ,,decemb]4 ,^? p]sons :o h be5 s =tunate 9 ?is unt[>d season z to obta9 a few glasses ( honey f _! ,bees' mu/ n[ look well to _! /ocks1 & by judici\s fe$+1 get !m up to #bj lbs4 at lea/1 if x has n be5 already done4 ,i w\ld v /rongly recomm5d ! food be+ suppli$ at ! top ( ! hive2 & %\ld ! ,bees be 9 a hive t has n a hole 9 ! top1 ) a %>p knife make "o =?)1 = ! dang] z well z ! inconv5i5ce ( fe$+ at ! bottom1 & m especially at ?is season1 is v great4 ,food4--,i believe ! be/ food t c be giv51 next to honey1 :i* 9 "s ye>s is f> too exp5sive = fe$+1 is "o p\nd ( loaf sug>1 "o qu>t] ( a p9t ( wat]1 & "o qu>t] ( a p\nd ( honey1 simm]$ = a few m9utes ov] a sl[ fire till ! sug> is melt$1 & :5 q cold11 giv5 to ! ,bees1 & at ! top ( ! hive if possible4 ,/ocks w require b little att5tion dur+ ?is mon? beyond clean+ ! floor-bo>ds1 & see+ t !re is nei!r damp nor m\ld 9 ! hives2 & if ! floor-bo>ds are obs]v$ to be q dry1 x w be a pretty sure indication t all is "r )94 ,/opp+-up1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be =gott5 :5 sn[ lies ^u ! gr\nd1 if ! ,bees are s plac$ t ! sun %9es ^u _! hives4 ,%ad+ dur+ ! w9t] mon?s is practis$ by _m p]sons1 & is a v good plan2 b :5 we come to h all our ,bees plac$ 9 ! nor?1 x w be r5d]$ unnecess>y4 ,an intellig5t cottag] br\ght me a v +5i\sly-contriv$ little app>atus = prev5t+ ! sun's rays 9 w9t] induc+ ! ,bees to come out1 & at ! same "t prev5t+ ! cold w9ds f bl[+ into ! hives4 ,x is a piece ( ?ree-qu>t]-in* deal1 #c in*es wide1 & #b-a_/b long1 r$uc$ at "o end 7n 9 ?ickness7 s z to fit 9 ! m\? ( ! hive1 & !n ) a g\ge ! "u side is holl[$-out = ab\t #b in*es 9 l5g?1 & five-eigh?s ( an in* 9 bread?1 9 a /raight l9e ) ! entrance ( ! hive2 ano!r holl[ ( ! same dim5sions is !n made1 int]sect+ at "r angles ! "o already made1 s t if ! hive faces ! s\?1 ! ,bees come out ea/ & we/4 ,! "u side has ?is appe>ance4 ,c>e1 h[ev]1 mu/ be tak5 t ?is little contrivance is n pu%$ into ! hive beyond ! ?ickness ( ! /raw2 & x mu/ also be rememb]$ t x w require to be tak5 out occasionally1 to bru% away ! dead ,bees t may accumulate inside1 or ! passage may become block$ up1 & ! heal? ( ! /ock endang]$4 ,illu/ration ,! population ( ! hives w n[ be f\nd to be v mu* r$uc$2 b al>m = _! safety on t acc\nt ne$ n to be ent]ta9$4 ,x has be5 frequ5tly said to me1 ,:at becomes ( ! ,bees manag$ on ! depriv+ sy/ems if !y are nev] suff]$ to sw>m nor are de/roy$8 ,to :i* my reply has be51 ,t x is well kn[n to ^? :o are conv]sant ) ! c>e ( ,bees1 t _! numb]s decrease greatly 9 autumn1 n only by ! de/ruction ( ! drones1 b also by ! unavoidable dea?s ( _m ( ! work]s1 ow+ to ! ?\s& accid5ts !y meet ) 9 ! fields1 & ow+ to age4 ,a mu* less space1 !re=e1 is requir$ = !m 9 ! w9t] ?an 0 necess>y 9 ! summ] mon?s4 ,mr4 ,pur*ase1 :o 0 a v c>eful obs]v]1 says1 9 8 ,treatise on ,bees1 publi%$ 9 #afeg1 ,x is manife/ t ! ,honey-,bees are b ye>ly creatures2 !y live b a ye> & a qu>t] at mo/2 = ^? ,bees t are se5 9 ,may1 lu/y1 full1 br[n1 smoo?1 & well-w+$1 w1 by ! end ( ,july foll[+1 beg9 to )]1 becomes less1 look grey1 & h _! w+s tatt]$ & torn1 & be all dead be=e ! end ( ,augu/4 ,v5tilation4--,x w be advisable1 :]e ,bees are 9 boxes1 to see t !y are well v5tilat$4 ,if 9 ,mr4 ,taylor's ,amateur's ,b> ,hive1 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! fe$+-pan be+ all[$ to rema9 on dur+ ! w9t]--say till ! end ( ,m>*--& "o ( ! z9c sides ( ! hive tak5 out2 & if 9 any o!r k9d ( box1 let a bell-glass be plac$ ov] ! op5+ at ! top1 on ! inside ( :i* ! vap\r ( ! hive w cond5se1 & s pass (f4 ,p]haps1 says ,mr4 ,taylor1 !re is no?+ m prejudicial ?an ! moi/ure (t5 eng5d]$ 9 hives at ?is "t1 p>ticul>ly aft] fro/1 & 9 c]ta9 /ates ( ! atmosph]e4 ,x accumulates on ! top & sides1 m\ld+ & r5d]+ (f5sive ! combs1 & produc+ disease among/ ! ,bees4 ,= ?is reason1 hives ) flat ro(s h sometimes be5 object$ to1 & p]haps1 ju/ly1 :5 no provision is made = v5tilation4 ,gelieu obviat$ ! evil by plac+ caps or small hives ov] ! /ocks1 ! moi/ure asc5d+ evaporat$ ?r\gh ! op5+4 ,i h1 says ,mr4 ,taylor1 tri$ diff]5t exp$i5ts1 & h f\nd no?+ bett] ?an ! practice ( cond5s+ ! vap\r ( ! hive z mu* z possible1 & convey+ x away4 7,see ,taylor's ,bee-,keep]'s ,manual1 page #adi1 f\r? edition1 :]e a figure ( a cond5s] is giv574 ,i w\ld /rongly recomm5d t p>ticul> att5tion be giv5 to ?is little matt] by ^? ^: ,bees are 9 boxes2 = want ( x _m excell5t /ocks are lo/1 or become s depopulat$ z sc>cely ev] to recov]4 ,i h nev] yet f\nd t hives made entirely ( /raw require any v5tilation :atev]2 inde$1 ,i consid] x bett] = !m to h none2 :ile ^? ( wood or glass are 9 great dang] ( be+ de/roy$ )\t !m1 = 9 v cold wea!r ! vap\r ( ! hive cond5ses on ! top & sides1 & runs d[n ^u ! floor-bo>d 9 su* quantities z to cause g5]al dampness & m\ld9ess ^u all ! combs4 ,:5 9 ?is /ate1 if timely assi/ance be n r5d]$1 ru9 v soon foll[s4 ,:]e ,bees are 9 boxes1 v5tilation is ( ! next importance to fe$+4 ,i h f\nd ! be/ me?od to secure a p]fect v5tilation is to leave "o ( ! grat+s1 or holes at ! top ( ! box1 op51 f ?is "t till ! end ( ,febru>y1 & plac+ ov] x a small bell-glass1 or fe$]2 ! vap\r w !n cond5se ^u ! =m]1 & run d[n outside ! box1 or ^u ! glass ( ! latt]1 & be caught 9 ! pan4 ,enemies4--,mice & birds mu/ be c>efully look$ aft]1 = !y are bo? v busy at ?is "t1 & w de/roy a /ock1 sometimes v quickly1 if all[$ to pursue _! depr$ations unmole/$4 ,hives1--,?is is a good "t to get a supply ( /raw hives 9 read9ess = ! com+ season1 & to h !m well cov]$ ) ?ree coats ( pa9t--/one or /raw col\r is ! be/2 :ite1 :5 ! sun %9es ^u x1 is too dazzl+1 & any d>k col\r absorbs too mu* heat4 ,sn[4--,:il/ sn[ lies ^u ! gr\nd1 b n an h\r long]1 ! entrance ( ! hives %\ld be /opp$ ) p]=at$ z9c1 & n a s+le ,bee all[$ to leave !m4 ,illu/ration ,,index4 ,adapt+-bo>ds1 #h ,alight+-bo>ds1 #ah ,api>y1 aspect (1 #e 9 nor!rn aspect1 #fb1 #fe ,b>ley-sug>1 #ci to make1 #be ,b>-frame1 comp\nd1 #af ,b> hives1 #ea ,bee dress1 #cb trap1 #ef ,bees1 natural hi/ory (1 #c drones1 #d ,ligurian1 #cb que51 #c work]s1 #d remov+ f "o hive to ano!r1 #dh remov+1 #fe ,bell-glasses1 #h1 #bb1 #ch1 #db1 #df to expel ,bees1 f1 #bh ,boxes1 #h putt+ on1 #df ,comb-b>1 improv$1 #ag ,combs1 cutt+ out old1 #dc melt$1 #ed secur+ 9 frames1 #ai ,cov]+s1 #fb ,def5ce1 #dg ,depriv+1 #dg ,driv+1 #dh1 #fj ,drones1 #de ,dys5t]y1 #dj ,e>ly bre$+1 to promote1 #ci1 #eb1 #ei ,enemies1 #cg1 #ci1 #fc ,entrances1 #g #cg1 #eh1 #fd ,fe$+1 #be1 #cg1 #ch1 #db1 #ej1 #fc1 #ff ,fe$+-pans1 #bg ,floor-bo>ds1 #ah2 to clean1 #da1 #dc1 #fc ,food1 #cg1 #ff ,frames1 to secure combs 91 #ai ,fumigation1 #bi ,glasses1 putt+ on1 #ab1 #bb1 #ch1 #dc1 #df1 #ej1 #ed tak+ (f1 #eg cov]+ =1 #dg ,guide-combs1 #dd1 #ea ,hayb&s1 #da ,hive1 /& =1 #e1 #fa ,hives1 #f1 #ch1 #da1 #ed1 #fh ,amateurs'1 #aj ,b>1 #db ,bees =sak+1 #da ,f5n's1 #aa ,neighb\r's ,improv$ ,cottage1 #h ,neighb\r's ,obs]vatory1 #i ,payne's ,improv$ ,cottage1 #f ,/ew>ton1 #ac ,taylor's ,amateurs'1 #aj ,tegetmei]'s1 #ad ,woodbury's1 #ae ( comb1 #bb1 #ci1 #fa putt+ on small1 #bb1 #df to dress1 #eh transport+1 #eh ,hiv+1 #bb ,honey1 "t = tak+1 #ec1 #ef dra9+ f ! combs1 #bi mann] ( tak+1 #bh v9eg>1 #ca ,knife = cutt+ out combs1 #eg ,ligurians1 #cb multiply+ sw>ms (1 #ce to unite1 #cd ,mead1 #cj ,mice1 #cg ,mo?s1 #de ,nor!rn ,aspect1 #fb1 #fe ,p$e/als1 #dj ,poll51 #dj1 #da1 #dd1 #ej ,que5less ,/ocks1 #eb ,que5 ,wasps1 to de/roy1 #de1 #di1 #eb1 #eh ,robb]s1 #eh1 #fb ,%ad+1 #cg1 #ed1 #eh1 #ei ,sn[1 #cg1 #da1 #fc ,sp>r[s1 #ej ,/&s = hives1 #e1 #fa1 #fb ,/+s1 rem$ies =1 #ca ,/ocks1 #ci1 #fb1 #ff pur*as+1 #cb1 #db to /& ! w9t]1 #fj ,/upify+ ,bees1 #bi ,sup]s1 #ah1 #dg1 #ei1 #fe ,sw>m+1 #bj1 #ea symptoms (1 #ba ,sw>ms1 #dh artificial1 #ea e>ly1 #ef premature1 #di return+1 #ec1 #ee second1 #bb unit+1 #bc1 #cd1 #ef ,titm\se1 #cg ,v5tilation1 #bd1 #cg1 #dh1 #fe1 #fg ,wasps1 #db1 #ed1 #fc1 #fb ,wasps' ne/s1 to de/roy1 #ec ,wat]1 #ci1 #dc ,wax1 prep>ation (1 #ca ,"y ,bees1 #da ,pr9t$ at ! ,horticultural ,press1 #aga1 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,london4 ,,works ,,publi%$ ,,at ,,! ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,horticulture ,,(fice4 ,,! ,,fruit ,,manual1 conta9+ ,descriptions & ,synonymes ( ! ,fruits & ,fruit ,trees commonly met ) 9 ! ,g>d5s & ,or*>ds ( ,great ,brita91 ) select$ ,li/s ( ! ,v>ieties mo/ wor?y ( cultivation4 ,by ,rob]t ,hogg1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,l4,s41 ,pomological ,director to ! ,royal ,horticultural ,society ( ,london4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,price #es42 po/ free1 #es4 #d;d4 ,,! ,,f]n ,,manual2 be+ a ,description ( all ! be/ ,/ove1 ,gre5h\se1 & ,h>dy ,f]ns 9 ,briti% ,g>d5s1 ) ,in/ructions = _! ,cultivation & ,treatm5t1 z well on a l>ge scale z 9 ,f]n ,cases & ,glasses4 ,by ,"s ( ! ,contributors to ! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture4 ,price #es42 free by po/ = #fa /amps2 ) ne>ly #ajj ,illu/rations4 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,manual4 ,n9? ,edition4 #as4 #f;d41 b\nd 9 clo?2 po/ free1 #as4 #h;d4 ,,! ,,or*id ,,manual1 = ! ,cultivation ( ,/ove1 ,gre5h\se1 & ,h>dy ,or*ids4 ,by ,?omas ,appleby4 ,price #bs4 #f;d42 po/ free1 #bs4 #g-a_/b;d4 ,,! ,,p9e ,,apple ,,manual2 be+ a guide to ! ,successful ,cultivation ( t ,fruit1 & to ! ,con/ruction & ,managem5t ( ! ,p9]y4 ,by ,contributors to ! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,engrav+s4 ,price #bs4 #f;d42 po/ free1 #bs4 #g-a_/b;d4 ,,! ,,v9e ,,manual1 or1 ,in/ructions = ! ,cultivation ( ! ,grape ,v9e 9 ! ,/ove1 ,v9]y1 & ,gre5h\se1 also on ,walls & ,trellises 9 ! ,op5 ,air & 9 ,pots2 includ+1 also1 its ,propagation1 ,diseases1 & ! ,insect ,enemies ) :i* x is infe/$4 ,) ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,by ,contributors to ! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture4 ,second ,edition4 ,price #bs4 #f;d42 po/ free1 #bs4 #g-a_/b;d4 ,,out-,,door ,,g>d5+4 ,second ,edition4 #as4 #f;d41 b\nd 9 clo?2 po/ free1 #as4 #g-a_/b;d4 ,,9-,,door ,,g>d5+4 ,second ,edition4 #as4 #f;d41 b\nd 9 clo?2 po/ free1 #as4 #g-a_/b;d4 ,,or*>d ,,h\ses1 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,& ,,managem5t ,,(4 ,by ,j4 ,r4 ,pe>son1 ! ,nurs]ies1 ,*ilwell1 ne> ,nott+ham4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,9 limp clo?1 price #as4 #f;d41 po/ free1 #as4 #a;d4 ,,spr+ ,,& ,,w9t] ,,fl[] ,,g>d5+4 ,by ,john ,flem+1 ,g>d5] to ,h] ,grace ! ,d[ag] ,du*ess ( ,su!rl&1 ,cliv$54 ,illu/rat$ ) num]\s designs1 & a ,picturesque ,view ( ! ,great ,fl[] ,g>d5 at ,cliv$51 tak5 f ! ,mansion4 ,price #bs4 #f;d42 po/ free1 #bs4 #g-a_/b;d4 ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,w9d[ ,,g>d5+4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,bosanquet1 ,esq4 ,price #f;d42 po/ free1 #f-a_/b;d4 ,,! ,,mod]n ,,pea* ,,prun]1 treat+ on ! long & close sy/ems ( ,prun+ ! ,pea*1 adapt$ = ! op5 air1 & = all =ms ( ,or*>d-h\se ,culture4 ,) num]\s orig9al ,illu/rations4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,coll+s ,brehaut1 ,au?or ( ,cordon ,tra9+ ( ,fruit ,trees1 c41 c42 to :i* is add$1 ,notes on ,v>iations f ,se$1 ,by ,mr4 ,?omas ,riv]s4 ,price #cs4 #f;d42 po/ free1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,practical ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,! ,,v9e1 z well "u ,glass z 9 ! ,op5 ,air4 ,by ,john ,s&]s4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,price #es42 po/ free1 #es4 #a;d4 ,,v9e ,,culture ,,"u ,,glass4 ,by ,john ,pe>son1 ! ,nurs]ies1 ,*ilwell1 ne> ,nott+ham4 ,second ,edition4 ,price #as42 po/ free1 #as4 #a;d4 ,,! ,,vegetable ,,k+dom ,,& ,,its ,,products2 s]v+ z an ,introduction to ! ,natural ,sy/em ( ,botany1 & z a ,text ,book ( all ! ,vegetable ,sub/ances us$ 9 ! ,arts1 ,manufactures1 ,m$ic9e1 & ,dome/ic ,economy4 ,arrang$ accord+ to ! ,sy/em ( ,de,candolle4 ,illu/rat$ ) ne>ly #bej ,engrav+s1 & conta9+ an enum]ation ( #gjj ,g5]a1 & #djjj ,synonymes1 repres5t+ ab\t #ajj1jjj ,species ( ,plants4 ,by ,rob]t ,hogg1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,l4,s41 ,au?or ( ,briti% ,pomology1 ,! ,fruit ,manual1 c41 c4 ,cr[n #hvo41 clo?1 #ajs42 po/ free1 #ajs4 #h;d4 ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,g>d5+1 9 :i* are expla9$ & ,illu/rat$ ! ,pr9ciples t ,regulate all ! ,op]ations ( ,horticulture1 includ+ ,demon/rations ( ! ,ph5om5a ( ! ,g]m9ation1 ,gr[?1 ,deseases1 & ,dea? ( ,plants4 ,) num]\s ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,by ,george ,w4 ,johnson1 ,esq41 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 ,co-,editor ( ,! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture1 c4 #djj pages1 ) #ej ,illu/rations1 price #cs42 po/ free1 #cs4 #c-a_/b;d4 ,,! ,,eatable ,,funguses ,,( ,,great ,,brita94 ,edit$ by ,rob]t ,hogg1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,l4,s41 & ,george ,w4 ,johnson1 ,f4,r4,h4,s41 ,editors ( ,! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture & ,cottage ,g>d5]1 & ,! ,wild ,fl[]s ( ,great ,brita94 ,illu/rat$ by ,w4 ,g4 ,smi?4 ,price #gs4 #f;d42 po/ free1 #gs4 #h;d4 ,,h&book ,,( ,,briti% ,,plants1 = ,s*ools1 ,sci5ce ,classes1 & ,excursions4 ,by ,w4 ,l[ndes ,notcutt4 ,a ,new ,edition1 revis$ ) ,index1 c41 by ,rob]t ,hogg1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,price #cs4 #f;d42 po/ free1 #cs4 #h;d4 ,,! ,,briti% ,,f]ns1 popul>ly ,describ$1 & ,illu/rat$ by ,engrav+s ( e ,species4 ,by ,g4 ,w4 ,johnson1 ,f4,r4,h ,s4 ,fif? ,edition1 ) an ,app5dix1 #cs4 #f;d42 b\nd 9 clo?1 gilt edges2 po/ free1 #cs4 #i;d4 ,,rambles ,,9 ,,se>* ,,( ,,wild ,,fl[]s1 & h[ to ,di/+ui% ,!m4 ,by ,m>g>et ,plues1 ,au?or ( ,rambles 9 ,se>* ( ,f]ns2 ,rambles 9 ,se>* ( ,mosses4 ,second ,edition4 ,po/ #hvo41 ) ,eighte5 ,col\r$ ,illu/rations4 ,price #fs42 po/ free1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,f>m ,,two ,,acres ,,pr(itably2 includ+ ! ,managem5t ( ! ,c[ & ! ,pig4 ,by ,j4 ,robson4 ,second ,edition1 #as42 po/ free1 #as4 #a;d4 ,,p\ltry ,,keep]s' ,,manual4 ,by ,contributors to ! ,p\ltry ,*ronicle4 ,) ,tw5ty-two ,col\r$ ,illu/rations1 & num]\s ,woodcuts4 ,price #es42 po/ free1 #es4 #c;d4 ,,! ,,pigeon ,,book4 #as4 #f;d41 b\nd 9 clo?2 po/ free1 #as4 #g;d4 ,,! ,,can>y ,,& ,,o!r ,,song ,,birds4 ,price #as4 #f;d41 limp clo?2 po/ free1 #as4 #g;d4 ,,! ,,ailan?us ,,silkworm ,,& ,,! ,,ailan?us ,,tree4 ,abridg$ & ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*4 ,by ,lady ,doro?y ,nevill4 ,price #as42 po/ free1 #as4 #j-a_/b;d4 ,,(fice3 #aga4 ,,fleet ,,/reet4 ,,london ,,ec4 ,to be _h ( all ,booksell]1 & at ! ,railway ,/alls4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,m9or typos correct$4