,a ,,vision ,,( ,,! ,,future ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #ddc pp41 price #h_/f4 ,sci5tific ,meliorism & ! ,evolution ( ,happ9ess4 8,9 ! ,au?or we recognize an advanc$ ?9k] ( a r>e & high ord]40--,we/m9/] ,review4 8,we e>ne/ly advise all to read ?is admirable book40--,weekly ,despat*4 ,,kegan ,,paul1 ,,tr5* ,,co41 ,,london4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #bjg pp41 *eap edition #f;d4 ,m>g>et ,dunmore or ,a ,sociali/ ,home4 8,! /ory 9 ! life 9 ,la ,maison is v well told40--,lit]>y ,_w4 8,9 ! *apt] on ,unselfi% ,love !re are "s s\nd & s5sible views :i* might well be adopt$ )\t wait+ = ! adv5t ( ,! ,unit>y ,home40--,times4 8,decid$ly ent]ta9+40--,man*e/] ,exam9]4 ,,swan ,,sonn5s*e9 ,,co41 ,,london4 ,a ,,vision ,,( ,,! ,,future ,,bas$ ,,on ,,! ,,application ,,( ,,e?ical ,,pr9ciples ,by ,,jane ,,hume ,,clapp]ton ,,au?or ,,( 8,,sci5tific ,,meliorism01 8,,m>g>et ,,dunmore01 ,,etc4 8,,hit* ,,y\r ,,wagon ,,to ,a ,,/>0 --,em]son4 ,,london ,,swan ,,sonn5s*e9 ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,pat]no/] ,,squ>e #aijd ,,to ,,my ,,fri5d ,,george ,,ar?ur ,,gaskell ,to ! ,read] ,social ,problems are ! *ief int]e/ & /udy ( my life4 ,9 #ahhe ,i publi%$ 9 ,london a "w entitl$ ,sci5tific ,meliorism & ! ,evolution ( ,happ9ess4 ,! _w ( ?\ght has acquir$ new k s9ce !n2 & _m social *anges h occurr$4 ,! pres5t volume is n a replica ( t "w1 al?\gh1 z be=e1 my aim has be5 to ga!r toge!r ! curr5ts ( meliorism pursu+ div]se c\rses ?r\gh\t society & to ?r[ ^u ^! ! light ( fre% k ga9$ by inve/igators ( economic & social sci5ce2 &1 above all1 ! light emanat+ f philosophic ?9k]s :o recognize t ! pa? ( improv$ outw>d conditions1 & ! pa? ( inw>d progress = man1 lie p>allel to ea* o!r4 ,x is my belief t 9 ?is dawn+ epo* ( consci\s evolution man may1 if he s *ooses1 pu% =w>d ! actual life ( to-day & m]ge x into ! ideal life ( to-morr[4 ,!re has rec5tly occurr$ a widespread commemoration ( ! bir? ( t pure-s\l$ ,am]ican1 :o 0 pre-em95tly a tea*] ( ! ideal life4 ,?is volume1 ,i hope1 w be read 9 ,am]ica1 &1 to ! memory ( ,em]son ,i t5d] homage1 :ile adopt+ 8 phrase1 8,hit* ,y\r ,wagon to a ,/>10 z ! motto ( my book4 ,! toil ( man's daily life alas6 is inde$ z ! /ra9+ & jolt+ ( a lumb]+ wagon1--x grovels1 x wall[s1 x drags we>ily1 & ! s\l ( ! wagon] so>s n4 ,b !re are few ?9k]s :o confront ! great social "q ( ! h\r z n ! rescue ( ! subm]g$ t5? m]ely1 n ! elevation ( ! masses only1 b ! uplift+ ( all ,humanity to high] levels 9 ! scale ( be+4 ,:5 ! great process ( social re=m is animat$ & rul$ by t l(ty aspiration1 ! lumb]+ wagon ( toil w become a triumphal *>iot ( moral & spiritual progress4 ,,jane ,,hume ,,clapp]ton4 ,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,page ,initial ,*apt]--,,happ9ess #a ,"p ,i--,,economics ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,life ,i ,,! ,,indu/rial ,,revolution #bc ,,ii ,,organiz$ ,,indu/ry #ea ,"p ,,ii--,,! ,,physiological ,,aspects ,,( ,,! ,,subject ,i ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,population #gi ,,ii ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,sex #ig ,,iii ,,eug5ics ,,or ,,/irpiculture #aad ,,iv ,,m>riage #aca ,v ,,p>5tage #adi ,"p ,,iii--,,abnormal ,,humanity ,,! ,,elim9ation ,,( ,,crime #afc ,"p ,,iv--,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,emotions ,i ,,! ,,s5tim5ts ,,( ,,individual ,,rights ,,& ,,social ,,ju/ice #ahe ,,ii ,,rapacity1 ,,pride1 ,,love ,,( ,,prop]ty #bjb ,,iii ,,p]sonal ,,jeal\sy1 ,,national ,,patriotism #bah ,"p ,v--,,education1 ,,or ,,direct ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,*ildhood ,,to ,,! ,,civiliz$ ,,habit ,,( ,,m9d #bcg ,"p ,,vi--,,conditions ,,9 ,,aid ,,( ,,happy ,,life ,,9 ,a ,,develop+ ,,civilization ,i ,,! ,,ne$s ,,( ,,adolesc5ce #beg ,,ii ,,dome/ic ,,re=m #bfh ,"p ,,vii--,,religion ,,& ,,religi\s ,,life ,,primal ,,elem5ts ,,9 ,,humanity',s ,,evolution #bhg ,,summ>y #cai ,,synopsis #cbe ,,initial ,,*apt] ,,happ9ess ,! ultimate value ( all ef=t is ! production ( happ9ess1 & objects excite our int]e/ 9 s f> z we believe !m to be conducive to t great & ultimate consummation ( exi/5ce--,happ9ess4--,j4 ,c4 ,,*att]ji4 ,! age 9 :i* we live is "o ( great activity & g5]al movem5t4 ,we are pass+ out ( ! m9dless1 g5etic1 into ! rational1 consci\s epo*s ( evolution2 & :ile1 at e /age ( human hi/ory1 "r conduct dep5ds objectively on relatively true ?9k+1 & subjectively1 on good impulses1 a transitional p]iod su* z ! pres5t dem&s special ef=ts to atta9 to an adequate & cle> conception ( ! problems ( life4 ,if no correct philosophy ( life comes to bir? 9 ! ?9k+ c5tres ( our social organism1 g5]al conduct w cont9ue h>mful to _m & inimical to progress4 ,h[ may ! tru? ( a philosophy be te/$8 ,no bett] answ]1 ,i ?9k1 c be giv5 ?an t ( ,buddha1 ( :om x is *ronicl$ t he said 9 ref]5ce to a project$ philosophy--8,aft] obs]vation & analysis if x agrees ) reason & is conducive to ! good & b5efit ( "o & all1 !n accept x & live up to x40 ,our !ory ( life mu/ appeal to ! develop$ reason ( civiliz$ man & c>ry a conviction ( its tru?4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be all-embrac+4 ,sectional aims & aspirations w nev] suffice4 ,! aim mu/ be univ]sal1 i4e41 direct$ to ! well-be+ ( all mank9d4 ,9 view ( ! "q3 8,:at is ! prim>y object ( human life80 two significant facts are app>5t4 ,fir/1 ! p]petual aim1 consci\s or in/9ctive1 ( man1 z ( all physical be+s1 is to compass ! satisfaction ( 8 desires1 viz41 cont5tm5t4 ,second1 h[ev] div]se & conflict+ may seem ! op9ions held by popul> tea*]s on ! subject1 !re is nev]!less an ess5tial unity4 ,= all po9t to "s k9d ( happ9ess1 9 ! pres5t or future1 = oneself1 or o!rs1 = individuals1 or = ! race1 z ! ultimate end ( exi/5ce4 ,a close obs]vation ( actual life--ap>t f !ories ( duty--reveals inconte/ably t ! in/9ct to seek pleasure & avoid pa9 is univ]sal & p>am\nt4 ,x is ! g5]al =ce rul+ individual conduct4 ,a *ild %r9ks f lessons & seeks play because ! "o causes pa9ful ef=t1 ! o!r gives pleasurable s5sations1 unless !re are ! beg9n+s ( an intellectual s5se & ! *ild is :at we call /udi\s2 9 t case ! s5se ( ef=t is ov]come by ! pleasure ( le>n+1 & !re is no unwill+ness4 ,or :5 ! repres5tative faculty is /rong1 ! ?\ght ( a p>5t's or tea*]'s approval may be s cle> 9 ! "y m9d z to make ! future happ9ess c\nt]balance ! pres5t ef=t4 ,b x is always pleasure at ! mom5t1 or pleasure 9 anticipation1 or fe> ( puni%m5t1 viz41 avoidance ( pa91 t gives ! /imulus to "w4 ,! human nature ( a t5d] "m is mu* ! same4 ,%e hates to he> h] (fspr+ cry1 %e loves to see !m smile4 ,%e seems to sacrifice h]self to !m1 b 9 reality x is n s2 = h] greate/ pa9s & pleasures rea* h] ?r\gh !m4 ,h] p]sonal desires1 h] de>e/ hopes1 are c5tr$ 9 h] *ildr54 ,%e is pr\d ( _! acquirem5ts1 ambiti\s = _! future1 happy 9 _! success4 ,:5 %e /rives to *eck & discipl9e !m1 x is because %e dreads1 = !m & = h]self1 "s baneful consequ5ces %\ld %e refra94 ,%e does n act = a selfi% end4 ,h] nature is m complex1 f> wid] & deep] ?an ! *ild's2 b h] action is ess5tially ! same4 ,%e is avoid+ pa9ful & seek+ pleasurable s5sations1 pres5t & future1 = h]self & h] *ildr54 ,nor ) ! poor man is ! position diff]5t4 ,! pa9 ( hung] or ! dread ( hung]1 = himself or ^? be+s :om he loves1 /imulates to a life ( cont9u\s & we>+ toil4 ,if he submit to pres5t pa91 x is t he may avoid remote pa91 & secure ! satisfaction ( 8 mo/ press+ wants4 ,! leisur$ classes are diff]5tly situat$4 ,) conditions ( life t place !m above ! /ruggle = subsi/5ce1 !y seek enjoym5t accord+ to individual "* & ta/es4 ,:atev] int]e/s ! m9d & /irs ! emotions pleasurably w be pursu$4 ,we speak ( ?is & t c>e] z guid$ by g5ius1 ambition1 b5evol5ce1 & s =?1 b 9 e case ^! qualities ( m9d h pu%$ *oice 9 ! direction :i* w gratify ! individual4 ,if we say goodness1 n happ9ess1 is ! prop] aim ( life1 we mu/ all[ t goodness means ! aid+ to br+ happ9ess to mank9d4 ,religions signify+ less ?an ?is are unwor?y ! "n ( religion4 ,n[ x is emphatically ! good :o ke5ly suff] 9 ! mid/ ( an evil social /ate :]e pov]ty1 mis]y & crime ab\nd4 ,x has be5 truly said--8,! contra/ betwe5 ! ideal & ! actual ( humanity lies z a heavy weight ^u all t5d] & reflective m9ds40 ,^! p]ceive t goodness1 9 _! own case1 has dep5d$ l>gely on ! conditions ( _! lives1 :ile ?\s&s ( _! fell[-creatures h _h little scope = goodness1 because born & br\ght up 9 degrad$1 vile conditions !y _h no p[] to escape f4 ,x is no consolation to ! good to po9t to a future happy /ate & to immortality = !mselves4 ,! actual is :at conc]ns !m4 ,_! feel+s get no re/1 _! intellects surge ) p]petual ef=ts to conceive "s means ( radical re=m1 "s me?od to secure m goodness & m happ9ess = all1 i4e4 = e woman1 man & *ild1 alive 9 ! pres5t day4 ,turn+ n[ to publi%$ op9ions conc]n+ ! object ( life1 ,c>lyle taught t consci5ti\s "w 0 ! ma9 bus9ess ( civiliz$ man4 8,be indiff]5t10 he cri$1 8alike to pleasure & pa92 c>e only to d "w1 hone/1 successful "w 7no futilities7 9 ?is hurly-burly _w40 ,he direct$ att5tion f ab/ract ideals ( ! future to ! actual life ( ! pres5t1 po9t+ out ! mis]ies & %ams ( ! evil social /ate & p[]fully inveigh+ aga9/ its corruptions4 ,to ma9ta9 an outw>d exi/5ce ( active usefulness & an inw>d /ate ( quietism & /oicism 0 ,c>lyle's conception ( an individual's duty1 b :ile !re 0 to be no seek+ = p]sonal rew>d he believ$ ?is c\rse w\ld result 9 bless$ness1 & bless$ness meant some?+ pur]1 nobl]1 m desirable ?an happ9ess4 ,if we take 8 own hi/ory set =? 9 ! ,rem9isc5ces z c>ry+ out ?is !ory1 we f9d t 9 8 case x broke d[n4 ,he toil$ & plodd$1 do+ successful "w to ! end ( :at appe>$ a noble1 victori\s c>e]1 b ! bless$ness nev] came1 or if x did1 x 0 n nobl] & pur] ?an happ9ess4 ,x 0 a gloomy /ate1 bankrupt ( hope & full ( qu]ul\s1 dissatisfi$ egotism4 ,george ,eliot gave u no !ory ( life 9 any ( h] works ( g5ius4 ,! action ( h] influ5ce is1 h[ev]1 unmi/akeable4 ,x 0 to develop social & sympa!tic feel+1 to make individuals tol]ant & t5d] t[>ds _! fell[s1 judg+ none )\t due reg>d to 8 or h] surr\nd+s4 ,%e has accu/om$ h] ?\ghtful read]s to ! sci5tific aspect ( human nature & social life1 to wat* ! manifold relations betwe5 ! two1 ! action & int]action ( =ces )\t & )91 & to see ! cont9uity ( causation along ) ! re=m+ effect ( ceaseless *anges4 ,! evolutional conception ( life und]lies all h] "w4 ,! pictures are reali/ic1 !re is no false col\r+ & va9 delusions1 no p]fection ( "*--b aspiration1 ef=t1 broad humanity--& no p]fect happ9ess atta9$4 ,%e indicat$1 h[ev]1 t ! social /ate wants alt]+1 & readju/m5ts !re w\ld conduce to nobl] life & great] happ9ess4 ,%e hop$ = progress by gradual *anges 9 ! outw>d social sy/em & 9 inw>d human nature4 8,:at ,i look to10 %e once said1 9 conv]sation ) a fri5d1 8is a "t :5 ! impulse to help our fell[s %all be z imm$iate & irresi/ible z t :i* ,i feel to grasp0 7& z %e spoke %e grasp$ ! mantelpiece7 8some?+ firm if ,i am fall+40 ,al?\gh ,george ,eliot =mulat$ no !ory ,i conceive %e held ! belief t happ9ess = all at all times is ! object ( life1 & to be arriv$ at1 *iefly1 ?r\gh ! developm5t ( ! altrui/ic or sympa!tic side ( human nature4 ,"s writ]s tea* t culture is mo/ to be desir$4 ,! rapid gr[? ( weal? 9 ?is c\ntry has =c$ upw>ds 9 ! social scale a class ( p de/itute ( culture & ref9em5t4 ,?is class dom9ates society & takes ! lead 9 fa%ion4 ,luxury & o/5tation are ev]y:]e prom95t2 extravagant modes ( liv+ prevail )\t ! com=t ( ! =m] simpl] & m g5ial modes1 & ?is is side by side ) pov]ty & de/itution t d n decrease4 ,patronage1 ) its demoraliz+ influ5ce on bo? classes1 is ! mo/ conspicu\s bond betwe5 ! weal?y & ! poor1 & vulg>ity ( m9d *>act]izes ! age4 ,!re is little to surprise u 9 ! fact t g5tle1 ref9$ natures )draw f public life into a n>r[ sph]e1 n necess>ily a selfi% "o1 b a sph]e b\nd$ & circumscrib$ by _! own p]sonal ta/es & temp]am5ts4 ,f9d+ solace 9 intellectual pursuits & a pure elevat$ enjoym5t 9 ! /udy ( art & lit]ature1 !y adopt ! !ory t culture is ! prop] bus9ess ( man4 ,sweetness & light h be5 held up z ! panacea = all ! ills ( life & ! 8elevation ( ! masses0 z ! true social progress4 ,o!r tea*]s1 ?9k+ less ( intellig5ce ?an ( moral s5tim5t1 po9t to p]fection ( "* z ! aim ( life4 ,!y recognize ! m>k$ div]sity 9 human nature4 ,"s intellects are sl[ & dull1 incapable ( be+ k9dl$ into f]v\r or bright5$ into swift reflection1 & culture = su* is hopeless4 ,b 9 ,god's sight1 surely1 all m5 are equal4 ,birds )\t song h brilliant plumage to comp5sate ! defect1 & s ) man4 ,! 8law ( comp5sation0 holds ?r\gh\t humanity !y h said1 &1 = ! mo/ "p1 he>ts are deep & t5d] ev5 :5 heads are dull4 ,our f9e/ works ( lit]ature & art may fail to give "o pleasurable s5sation = lack ( ! special faculty to appreh5d _! beauty1 b k9dness makes ! :ole _w k94 ,:5 ! noble1 g5]\s1 sympa!tic side ( human nature is appeal$ to !re comes a quick response4 ,happ9ess is ! aim ( life1 b happ9ess implies excell5ce ( "*1 ! emotional & moral elevation ( all mank9d4 ,t ,rusk9's views 7 simil> to ! above we le>n f 8 ,cr[n ( ,wild ,olive4 8,education10 he says !re1 8does n mean tea*+ p to "k :at !y d n "k--x means tea*+ !m to behave z !y d n behave4 ,x is n tea*+ ! y\? ( ,engl& ! %ape ( lett]s & ! tricks ( numb]s1 & !n leav+ !m to turn _! ari?metic to rogu]y & _! lit]ature to lu/4 ,x is1 on ! contr>y1 tra9+ !m into ! p]fect ex]cise & k+ly cont95ce ( _! body & s\ls by k9dness1 by wat*+1 by w>n+1 by precept & by praise--b1 above all1 by example40 ,f ! field ( mod]n sci5ce !re has come z yet no direct tea*+ on ! subject ( life's duties & purpose1 b two ( our em95t sci5ti/s h ?r[n out h9ts t are important & significant4 ,! late ,pr(essor ,huxley says ( 8 own c>e]3 8,! objects ,i h _h 9 view are briefly ^!--,to promote ! increase ( natural k & =w>d ! application ( sci5tific me?od to all problems ( life--9 ! conviction t !re is no alleviation = ! suff]+s ( mank9d except v]acity ( ?\ght & action & ! resolute fac+ ( ! _w z x is :5 ! g>m5t ( make-believe by :i* pi\s h&s h hidd5 its ugli] features is /ripp$ (f40 7,me?ods & ,results1 ,essays by ,?omas ,m4 ,huxley47 ,pr(essor ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge has /at$ t new pa?s ( inve/igation are op5+ up to sci5ce4 ,telepa?y1 clairvoyance & "s o!r alli$ psy*ic /ates h be5 te/$ & f\nd 9 ! range ( actual fact4 ,!y reveal qualities 9 man :i* al?\gh special to a few individuals only1 are lat5t x may be 9 all1 & po9t to an unkn[n prov9ce ( nature to :i* man seems relat$ indep5d5tly ( 8 five s5ses4 ,x becomes evid5t t by ! 8resolute fac+ ( ! _w z x is10 sci5ce is alt]+ our conception ( man's exi/5ce & nature1 & ext5d+ our vi/a ( 8 future4 ,positivi/ ?9k]s1 :o base _! tea*+ on mat]iali/ic philosophy1 h bright anticipations = ! human race1 al?\gh ages may elapse be=e ! realization ( _! hopes2 & ! exi/5ce ( pov]ty & mis]y 9 our mid/ is fully recogniz$1 graphically describ$1 & feel+ly deplor$4 ,! expon5ts ( ,positivism are eloqu5t1 cultur$1 ref9$4 ,we want a new religion1 !y say1 & )\t t1 no rapid progress c be made4 ,! public m9d is all at sea1 float+ 9 a *aos ( unfix$ beliefs1 & to rea* settl$ convictions & =mulate a cre$ is ! cry+ ne$ ( our times4 ,religion is a s*eme ( ?\ght & life :]eby ! :ole ef=t ( individual m5 & societies ( m5 is conc5trat$ 9 common & reciprocal activity ) ref]5ce to a ,sup]ior ,be+ :i* m5 & societies alike may s]ve4 ,! ,sup]ior ,be+ is collective humanity1 & m5's true bus9ess is to und]/& & seek to p]fect human nature & ! social /ate4 ,a m>k$ feature ( pres5t-day ,fr5* lit]ature1 we are told1 is a reaction ( religi\s s5tim5t aga9/ ! rule ( sci5tific naturalism1 & religi\s s5tim5t dom9ates 9 ! /rangely pa!tic & fasc9at+ j\rnal ( ! ,swiss au?or1 ,amiel1 :i* has be5 widely read4 8,to w9 true peace10 says ,amiel1 8a man ne$s to feel himself 9 ! "r road1 i4e41 9 ord] ) ,god & ! ,univ]se4 ,?is fai? gives /r5g? & calm4 ,i h n got x4 ,syb>ite & dream]10 s he addresses himself1 8w y g on l ?is to ! end = ev]1 toss$ backw>ds & =w>ds betwe5 duty & happ9ess1 incapable ( *oice & action8 ,is n life ! te/ ( our moral =ce8 ,are n inw>d wav]+s temptations ( ! s\l80 ,to ! "q--,w all religions be suppress$ by sci5ce8 he replies3 8,all ^? t />t f a false conception ( nature1 c]ta9ly10 & adds reflectively3 8,if ! sci5tific conception ( nature prove incapable ( br++ h>mony to man1 :at w happ580 ,to :i* he answ]s3 8,we %all h to build a moral city )\t ,god1 )\t an immortality ( ! s\l40 ,!n1 prote/+ aga9/ ,emil de ,laveleyes' notion t civilization c\ld n la/ )\t belief 9 ,god & a future life1 he exclaims3 8,a belief is n true because x is useful2 & x is tru? alone--sci5tific1 e/abli%$1 prov$ & rational tru?--:i* is capable ( satisfy+ n[-a-days ! awak5$ m9ds ( all classes40 ,i h "h pres5t$ :at is only a meagre reflection ( portions ( our m5tal atmosph]e1 b ,i "k ( no cle>]1 m def9ite ?\ghts emanat+ f influ5tial tea*]s calculat$ to ?r[ light on ! great enigma ( life4 ,x may seem to my read]s t on ^! m5tal heights unanimity exi/s z little z on ! l[] planes ( man's discordant impulses1 8 confus$ & conflict+ actions4 ,cle>ly we h no philosophy ( life z gr\ndwork to ord]ly p]sonal & social action1 no religion ( vital p[] to b9d ! nations 9 "o1 no moral code adapt$ to ! complexities ( our social relations1 &1 above all1 no /eady belief 9 a univ]sal love to sweet5 society f end to end & create ! requisite m$ium 9 :i* alone ! nobl] qualities ( human nature w bud & blossom4 ,nev]!less ! div]se op9ions held by ! above ?9k]s are n irreconcilable4 ,c>lyle's 8bless$ness0 is ! feel+ ( h>mony ) ! div9e ord] ( developm5t 9 humanity & ! univ]se1 !re=e x is id5tical ) ,amiel's 8true peace40 ,! ,positivi/s' 8,supreme ,be+0 is ! p]fect$ man ^: end[m5ts ( sympa!tic fell[%ip1 emotional sweetness1 intellectual light1 moral /r5g?1 k+ly cont95ce ( body & s\l1 & k ( tru? are specializ$ & po9t$ to by ,george ,eliot1 ,rusk91 ,huxley & o!rs4 ,all h simply giv5 expression to aspiration f ! subjective side ( _! human nature con=mably to ! evolution>y process )9 !mselves1 & ! attitude ( m9d produc$ !reby 9 ea*4 ,p>tial1 b n contradictory views1 *>act]ise ^? ?9k+s4 ,b5ea? sup]ficial diff]5ces !re lurks a unanim\s belief t h>mony ( life ) conditions--viz41 happ9ess1 is ! legitimate aim ( life4 ,a ,humanity /eadily mov+ 9 a giv5 direction may be inf9itely v>i$ 9 detail1 & s9ce ! correct philosophy ( life mu/ be a wide g5]alization embrac+ all1 we ne$ n wond] at its sl[ness to appe>4 ,mod]n nationalities are only n[ em]g+ f ! individuali/ic to pass into ! sociali/ic /age ( indu/rial developm5t4 ,our popul> writ]s & tea*]s1 spr++ f a specializ$ class--n ! ma9 body ( ! p--in/9ctively %[ _! limitations by individuali/ic or sectional modes ( ?\ght4 ,m>k1 = in/ance1 ! insuffici5cy1 nay1 ! pa!tic absurdity ( ! ?\ght--,culture w cure ! ills ( life1 9 face ( ! fact t ?\s&s 9 our mid/ to-day possess no intellectual desires :atev]1 :ile ! appetites belong+ to _! physical nature :i* =ms ! v basis ( life h nev] be5 prop]ly met & satisfi$4 ,9 sett+ =? a def9ition ( happ9ess we h to recognize ! m>vell\s complexity ( human nature4 ,we h to take into acc\nt n only v>iations di/9ctive 91 & native to1 sep>ate individuals1 b ! gradations & v>iations )9 ea* individual aris+ f progress1 or ! rev]se1 9 8 or h] outw>d condition & inw>d developm5t4 ,cont5tm5t means ! satisfaction ( desire4 ,b desire may be direct$ to ! physical plane1 ! emotional plane1 ! m5tal plane1 ! spiritual plane4 ,! h>mony ( all life is happ9ess1 & br+s bless$ness or peace4 ,hav+ %[n t practically infants1 *ildr51 "y m5 & wom51 adults & old p ( e social class are simil>ly engag$ 9 seek+ happ9ess1 ea* accord+ to 8 ta/es & t5d5cies controll$ by 8 p]sonal1 social & spiritual developm5t2 hav+ %[n also t ?9k]s & writ]s (f] no condemnation1 ,i proce$ to po9t out t ?is univ]sal habit is 9 h>mony ) evolution4 ,x t5ds to p]sonal evolution1 i4e41 to expansion & elevation ( "* & capacities4 ,moreov]1 x tells fav\rably on g5]al life4 ,x t5ds to social evolution1 i4e41 to expansion & elevation ( ! social organism or collective society s long z ! me?od pursu$ by ea* individual is unhurtful to ! o!r organic units incorporat$ 9 t society4 ,to seek to atta9 happ9ess at ! exp5se ( o!r human be+s ^: happ9ess is !reby sacrific$1 is ( c\rse evil4 ,x is anti-social1 or vici\s1 i4e41 x is :olly adv]se to p]sonal evolution & social evolution1 9 o!r words1 to g5]al progress4 ,b giv5 a society t has c>efully surr\nd$ its units by conditions ( p]sonal fre$om 7h>moni\s ) g5]al well-be+7 9 :i* to seek innoc5t happ9ess1 ! normal man or woman on a level ) ! av]age ( 8 race is n 9 any dang] ( pref]r+ ! vici\s c\rse4 ,t we confuse a :olesome love ( pleasure ) selfi%ness arises f ! fact t individual selfi%ness unhappily is develop$ by our pres5t evil sy/em ( life4 ,not)/&+1 x is easy to %[ ! real value ( pleasure by its ready alliance ) unselfi%ness4 ,a significant feature is ?is--p take pleasure 9 unit+ = pleasure4 ,s5su\s pleasures are tak5 z a rule1 socially1 x be+ recogniz$ t to civiliz$ man ! pres5ce ( ! enjoym5t ( o!rs enhances 8 p]sonal enjoym5t4 ,! physiological effect ( pleasure is to promote heal? & activity4 8,e pleasure raises ! tide ( life2 e pa9 l[]s ! tide ( life10 says ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,! pleasures ( love are ess5tially & pre-em95tly invigorat+ & social4 ,x is only :5 !y are selfi%ly pursu$ t evil creeps 91 & :at %\ld produce ! pure/ happ9ess becomes degrad$ into a s\rce ( mis]y4 ,x seems h>dly necess>y to po9t out fur!r t asceticism & purism are immoral because direct$ aga9/ an elem5t 9 happ9ess4 ,:5ev] sci5ce f9ds out means to alleviate suff]+ or free ! condition ( pleasure f accid5tal accompanim5ts t are evil1 x is cle>ly ! duty ( man to hail ! discov]y & apply x t he may add to ! sum ( human happ9ess4 ,be=e t\*+ on environm5t1 i4e41 ! social condition "u :i* alone g5]al happ9ess becomes possible1 ,i may classify desires into prim>y & second>y 9 ord] to make ! subject cle>]4 ,prim>y desires are ^? common to all physical be+s1 ! satisfaction ( :i* 79 man7 is necess>y to heal?ful ord9>y social life4 ,second>y desires are ^? ^: satisfaction is necess>y to "s individuals1 b n to all4 ,desires = food1 clo?+1 %elt]1 also = "w alt]nat+ ) re/1 & = love1 belong to ! fir/ class4 ,!y are prim>y & fundam5tal4 ,b desires t imply a developm5t ( cultur$ intellect1 ( delicate s5sibilities1 ( high moral & emotional atta9m5ts1 ( ae/hetic ta/es1 & ( spiritual life are second>y desires1 i4e41 !y are n common to all at ! pres5t /age ( ! evolution ( man4 ,t !y may become s is dev\tly to be desir$2 b if we expect to rea* a high /&>d ( life 9 ! social organism )\t fir/ secur+ = its individual units ! satisfaction ( prim>y ne$s1 we indulge a va9 delusion4 ,does a tree ?r[ out fruitful bran*es be=e x is root$ 9 ! soil at its base8 ,developm5t dep5ds on ! satisfaction ( prim>y ne$s1 & proportionally to ^! be+ made secure w ! satisfaction ( ! high] desires become necess>y to happ9ess4 ,n[ 9 relation to prim>y ne$s1 ! conditions :i* x is ! duty ( society z a :ole to secure = ! individual are1 fir/3 ,fre$om to act = ! end ( secur+ satisfaction ( desire2 second1 opportunity = acquir+ ! means ( satisfaction2 ?ird1 ability to adopt ! means2 f\r?1 protection ( life & action4 ,& ^! conditions h a wide implication4 ,! fir/ implies "s control ( individual conduct z reg>ds propagation1 t ea* social unit may possess a s\nd con/itution & ! com=t ( physical heal?4 ,! second implies access to nature4 ,! ?ird implies education to give k & skill4 ,! f\r? implies an organiz$ society ) an appropriate1 sci5tifically arrang$ sy/em ( indu/ry4 ,t our pres5t confus$ indu/rial & social sy/em--! survival ( an ar*aic /ate--is inimical to happ9ess1 few ?9k]s w d5y4 ,discont5t is n conf9$ to ! poor4 ,:]e weal? ab\nds !re is little1 if any1 real happ9ess4 8,! t[]s ( ,we/m9/]10 says ,edw>d ,c>p5t]1 8/& up by ! riv]1 & )91 ! suppos$ rul]s cont5d & argue4444 ,! long l9es ( pr9cely mansions /ret* ?r\gh ,belgravia & ,k5s+ton2 l9es ( c>riages cr[d ! p>k2 !re are clubs & lit]>y cliques & ent]ta9m5ts1 b ( ! voice ( human joy !re is sc>cely a note4444 ,& ,i saw ! _m m5ac+1 evil faces1 creep+1 ins9c]e worm-faces1 faces ) noses ev] on ! trail1 hunt+ blankly & always = ga92 faces ( /olid conceit1 ( puck]$ propriety1 ( slobb]+ vanity1 ( damn$ assurance4 8,o faces1 :i!r1 :i!r are y go+8 8,no ,god1 no tru?1 no ju/ice1 & "u x all no love4 8,o ! deep1 deep hung]6 8,! mean life all ar\nd1 ! wolfi% eyes1 ! m]e /ruggle = exi/5ce1 z ( man />v+ on a raft at sea--no room = any?+ m4 8,o ! deep1 deep hung] ( love40 ,?is picture ( ! degradation & mis]y ( ri* & poor alike is ess5tially true to fact4 ,our collective life does n supply ! necess>y conditions = real happ9ess 9 any section ( ! community2 & no?+ less ?an a recon/ruction ( society & reg5]ation ( its life w suffice to meet ! wants ( humanity4 ,imm5se ef=ts are put =? 9 philan?ropy & b5evol5ce4 ,enorm\s en]gy is exp5d$ 9 p>tial or sectional re=ms2 = q correctly has x be5 said t 8,re=m t5ds to run on a s+le rail1 ! majority ( p refus+ to /udy society z an organism ( organisms re/+ on biological law40 7,john ,m4 ,rob]tson47 ,we make no attempt z yet1 to prev5t wa/e ( en]gy1 to focus ! factors ( meliorism1 to mass !m1 to direct !m /raight to ! causes ( evil & apply !m effectively !re--& t1 because we h no c>efully con/ruct$ s*eme ( ?\ght & life :]eby ! :ole ef=t ( individual m5 & societies ( m5 is conc5trat$ 9 common & reciprocal activity to ! end ( creat+ happ9ess = all4 ,social reg5]ation is necess>ily ( a two-fold "*1 embrac+ action )\t & action )94 ,! fir/--:i* ,i call objective1 signifies collective action on ! physical plane adapt$ to promote & su/a9 ! heal?ful1 happy vitality ( a race expect$ to gr[ /eadily & uni=mly 9 physical1 m5tal1 moral & spiritual elevation4 ,! second1 :i* ,i call subjective1 signifies collective action direct$ to ! repression ( all ! unsocial desires ( man--^? selfi% emotions & n>r[ affections t alloy ! m5tal & moral /ructure ( human be+s & r5d] x impossible to develop ! spiritual side ( ,humanity4 ,! ,d>w9ian laws--suppos$ by _m to be /ill applicable to man--_h relation1 n to happ9ess1 b to ! pres]vation ( life & ! cont9uance ( ! race 9 ! g5etic1 unconsci\s p]iod ( evolution4 ,x is 9 ! consci\s p]iod or /age ( evolution t happ9ess evolves4 ,our pres5t sy/em ( social life1 if sy/em x c be call$1 is a *aos ( conflict+ int]e/s1 duties1 ?\ghts1 feel+s1 actions--a prison-h\se 9 :i* ! f9] qualities & attributes ( man c sc>cely exi/4 ,let u put =? all our /r5g? to create out ( ?is *aos 8! g>d5 9 :i* we may walk40 ,let u break d[n ! walls ( our prison-h\se till x 8op5s at l5g? on ! sunlit _w & ! w9ds ( heav540 7,edw>d ,c>p5t]47 ,,"p ,i ,,economics ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,life ,! only safety ( nations lies 9 remov+ ! une>n$ increm5ts ( income f ! possess+ classes & add+ !m to ! wage-income ( ! work+ classes or to ! public income 9 ord] t !y may be sp5t 9 rais+ ! /&>d ( consumption4--,j4 ,a4 ,,hobson1 ,contempor>y ,review1 ,augu/1 #aijb4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,indu/rial ,,revolution ,x is a lead+ ?\ght 9 mod]n philosophy t 9 its process ( developm5t1 ea* in/itution t5ds to cancel itself4 ,! special function is born out ( social necessities2 its progress is det]m9$ by attractions or repulsions :i* arise 9 society1 produc+ a c]ta9 effect :i* t5ds to negate ! orig9al function4--,,william ,,cl>ke4 ,if we view ! physical aspects ( exi/5ce 9 relation to happ9ess1 x is obvi\s t ! satisfaction ( desires = food1 clo?+ & %elt] /&s fir/ 9 ord] ( urg5cy 9 ! life ( nations4 ,t mod]n nationalities are v f> f ! atta9m5t ( ?is satisfaction ( prim>y wants is lam5tably evid5t to ! eye ( obs]v]s :o exam9e ! conditions 9 :i* ! great majority ( _! memb]s live4 ,food to ! mass ( ! p is excessively de>4 ,9 ord] to buy x = 8 family1 a workman has (t5 to sp5d two-?irds ( 8 weekly wage1 leav+ "o-?ird only to meet ! co/ ( %elt] & clo?+1 & no?+ at all = recreation & in/ruction4 ,if we add to ?is difficulty ( satisfy+ ! prim>y ne$s ( a family on av]age wages1 ! frequ5t lack ( employm5t ) ! consequ5t lack ( any weekly income at all1 & ! preval5ce ( l[ wages1 rightly t]m$ />vation-wages1 we h be=e u a picture ( ! utt] inadequacy ( our pres5t indu/rial sy/em to subs]ve g5]al well-be+4 ,x is necess>y to und]/& some?+ ( our pres5t indu/rial sy/em1 its f\ndations & evolution 9 ! pa/1 if we are to =eca/ ! *anges t w occur 9 ! imm$iate future1 :5 ! fa/-gr[+ recognition ( its manifold fail+s mu/ inevitably br+ ab\t a diff]5t ord] ( indu/ry4 ,private prop]ty 9 l& & 9 o!r ess5tials = ! production ( food1 %elt]1 clo?+1 etc41 lies at ! basis ( ! pres5t sy/em2 & s9ce ! direct object ( private proprietors is n to satisfy ! prim>y ne$s ( ! p1 b to create individual pr(its1 we _c wond] t a sy/em ?us motiv$ by selfi%ness works out 9 a mis]able & :olly imp]fect mann]4 ,! indu/rial class may be broadly divid$ into two sections1 employ]s & employ$1 :ile a few highly skill$ work]s1 memb]s ( ! pr(essions ( law1 m$ic9e1 arts1 lett]s1 & sci5ce /& 9 a measure outside ?is category4 ,l&lords & %>ehold]s z su* are an idle section ( ! community4 ,!y absorb ! lab\r ( a multitude ( work]s1 :ile giv+ no p]sonal s]vice 9 return4 ,q truly has x be5 said3 8,! mod]n =m ( private prop]ty is simply a legal claim to take ye> by ye> a %>e ( ! produce ( ! national indu/ry )\t work+ = x40 7,fabian ,essays1 page #bf74 ,9 comp>+ pa/ =ms ) ! pres5t =ms ( indu/ry1 a di/+ui%+ feature ( ! latt] is ! numb] ( great factories :]e work]s toil long h\rs1 usually 9 ! t5d+ ( ma*9es1 to turn out = ! private pr(it ( _! employ]s1 va/ quantities ( goods de/9$ = retail di/ribution all ov] ! _w4 ,! l>ge organizations ( indu/ry1 s famili> to u1 are ( q rec5t gr[?1 & already %[ signs ( a com+ *ange z sweep+ 9 its scope z any *anges t h occurr$ 9 ! pa/4 ,yet to li/5 to ! expression ( op9ions t prevail 9 lit]>y & upp] class circles1 "o w\ld suppose we _h rea*$ f9ality 9 our social sy/em1 & t ! conv5tional tributes paid to proprietors ( l& & capital 9 ! %ape ( r5t & int]e/ w\ld1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 rema9 legal to ! end ( "t4 ,n[ let u glance at ! hi/ory ( ! pa/4 ,= two c5turies aft] ! ,norman conque/1 inte/9e w> & feudal oppressions embitt]$ ! life ( ! ,briti% lab\r]4 ,he might be call$ f ! pl\gh at any mom5t to take up arms 9 8 ma/]'s qu>rel1 & if he s[$ se$ & saw 8 fields rip51 ! h>ve/ ( 8 hopes might /ill be cut d[n by ! sword ( ! =ag]1 or trodd5 by ! ho( ( ! w>-horse4 ,he 0 bondsman & slave1 def5celess 9 ! h&s ( ! lords ( ! soil1 :o at be/1 protect$ him only 9 ! b>e/ necessities ( a scanty livelihood--a hut )\t a *imney1 its furniture a great brass pot & a b$ valu$ at a few %ill+s4 7,wade's ,hi/ory ( ! ,work+ ,classes47 ,a *ange = ! bett] came aft] ! plague ( #acdh1 &1 :5 by p]petual w>f>e ) ,france1 m5 _h become m valuable ?r\gh dim9ution ( _! numb]4 ,k+ ,edw>d ! ,?ird fre$ ! bondsm5 to recruit 8 armies1 & en=c$ ville9ry s]vice 0 ex*ang$ = s]vice paid by wages--^!1 h[ev]1 7 ord9>ily fix$ by /atute4 ,9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury wages /ood at ! ratio ( ab\t a bu%el & a half ( :eat = "o week's lab\r2 by ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury !y _h fall5 to :at c\ld only pur*ase "o bu%el ( :eat4 7,?read+ my ,way1 ,r4 ,d4 ,ow51 p4 #bbj47 ,! cause ( ?is *ange 0 t mean:ile1 two clev] m5--,arkwright & ,watt--_h made discov]ies :i* gave an impetus to indu/ry beyond all previ\s exp]i5ce4 ,me*anical aids to production 7 inv5t$1 & ! consequ5t *eap5+ ( products creat$ m & m dem&4 ,ma*9]y & human lab\r side by side 7 "u /ress & /ra9 to meet ! call ( new desires4 ,cotton & wool & flax 7 wov5 into fabrics & p\r$ out ( ,great ,brita9 to e qu>t] ( ! globe2 capital 0 amass$1 & weal?y capitali/s bid aga9/ ea* o!r = m lab\r /ill4 ,agriculturi/s flock$ into t[ns1 factories sprang up 9 all directions1 population rapidly increas$1 & *ildr5 7 suck$ into ! indu/rial mael/rom1 = heal? & happ9ess 7 9 no way consid]$ :5 remun]ative "w 0 (f]$4 ,outw>dly ! ,briti% _w _h alt]$4 ,int]nal w>f>e _h pass$ away1 & ! w>-horse 0 no long] visible 9 h>ve/-fields4 ,! sc5e n[ pres5ts a resemblance to a huge hive ( bees indu/ri\sly secret+ & amass+ honey = future use4 ,great ,brita9 has assum$ beyond h] own %ores a =emo/ place among civiliz$ nations4 ,! res\rces ( h] newly-creat$ weal? seem b\ndless1 & ev]y:]e h] p[] is felt4 ,%e c ?9 ! ranks ( h] population1 & swell h] army to conqu] & suppress ! tyrant ,napoleon1 :ile keep+ at "w ! enorm\s levia?an ( h] own trade & comm]ce by ! deft f+]s ( h] little *ildr54 ,summ] & w9t] f9d h] t9y bees--infants ( sev5 or eight--at lab\r 9 ! factories f six a4m4 to noon4 ,"o h\r = d9n] is all[$1 & !y toil on once m till eight o'clock at night4 ,7 ^!1 !n1 ! 8good old times0 ( :i* we are pr\d8 ,at all ev5ts !y 7 ! times 9 :i* ,engl&'s greatness 0 e/abli%$ & va/ =tunes 7 built up1 f\nd$ ^u ! indu/ry ( "y *ildr5 sweat+ 9 factories = ?irte5 h\rs a day4 8,x 0 n 9 exceptional cases10 wrote ,rob]t ,dale ,ow51 :5 on a t\r ( inspection ( factories ) 8 fa!r 9 #ahae1 8b z a rule1 t we f\nd *ildr5 ( t5 ye>s old work$ regul>ly f\rte5 h\rs a day1 ) b half an h\r's int]val = ! midday meal1 eat5 9 ! factory40 ,9 ! f9e y>n cotton mills1 ! 8temp]ature usually exce$$ #ge degrees10 & 9 all factories ! atmosph]e 0 m or less injuri\s to ! lungs4 ,9 "s cases 8gre$ ( ga9 _h impell$ mill-own]s to /ill great] extremes ( inhumanity1 utt]ly disgraceful to a civiliz$ nation40 ,_! mills 7 run fifte51 sometimes sixte51 h\rs a day1 & *ildr5 7 employ$ ev5 "u ! age ( eight4 8,9 "s l>ge factories1 f "o-f\r? to "o-fif? ( ! *ildr5 7 cripples or o!rwise de=m$4 ,mo/ ( ! ov]se]s op5ly c>ri$ /\t lea!r ?ongs1 & frequ5tly we saw ev5 ! y\nge/ *ildr5 sev]ely beat540 7,?read+ my ,way1 p4 #ajb47 ,at t p]iod ,rob]t ,ow5 ! eld] express$ himself ?us to ! ,e>l ( ,liv]pool3 8,x w\ld be cle>ly unju/ to blame manufactur]s = practices ) :i* !y h be5 famili> f *ildhood1 or to suppose t !y h less humanity ?an any o!r class ( m540 ,! sy/em 0 :at ,rob]t ,ow5 condemn$1 & he /ra9$ e n]ve to br+ ab\t "s alt]ations 9 ! sy/em4 ,he wrote & spoke & agitat$ = ! protection ( *ildr5 by law1 & = _! compulsory education1 & he publicly expos$ ! gha/ly evils t spr+ f competition un*eck$ by law1 :ile left free to regulate itself at any am\nt ( co/ to life1 heal?1 & happ9ess4 ,aft] ! lapse ( ab\t f\r ye>s1 ! fir/ po9t aim$ at by ,rob]t ,ow5 0 ga9$1 & infants became protect$ by /atute f gross oppression4 ,8 second po9t 0 ga9$ 9 #ahgj1 :5 ! ,gov]nm5t ,bill = ,national ,education 0 pass$4 ,& ev] s9ce ! p]iod ( t noble1 unselfi% life1 m9ds h ev]y:]e be5 awak5+ to ! tru? ( 8 ?ird po9t1 viz41 t frightful evils inali5ably belong to free indu/rial competition4 ,ow5 prov$ t 9 ! ye> #ahaf1 ! ma*9e-sav$ lab\r 9 produc+ ,engli% fabrics--cotton1 wooll51 flax1 & silk--exce$$ ! "w :i* two hundr$ million ( op]atives c\ld h turn$ out previ\s to ! ye> #agfj4 7,?read+ my ,way1 p4 #bah47 ,! _w 0 ri*] !n to ! ext5t ( all ?is enorm\s produc+ p[]--a p[]1 he ?\ght1 surely s5t d[n f ,heav5 to set man free f ! anci5t curse t 9 ! sweat ( 8 br[ %\ld he eat bread4 ,b :at 7 ! actual facts8 ,!re 0 no respite f toil = ! work]s1 no fre$om f ! curse6 ,?r\gh\t ! old & new _w1 s5seless ma*9]y compet$ ) ! liv+ sons ( toil1 or1 z ,rob]t ,ow5 express$ x1 8a conte/ goes on betwe5 wood & iron on ! "o h&1 human !ws & s9ews on ! o!r--a dreadful conte/1 at :i* humanity %udd]s1 & reason turns a/oni%$ away40 7,?read+ my ,way1 p4 #bah47 ,! problem pres5t$ 0 ?is3 ,a rec5t rapid gr[? ( weal? _h enri*$ ! few & left _m 9 mis]y2 nay m1 x _h l[]$ & press$ d[n ! _m to dep?s ( degradation previ\sly unkn[n4 ,7 !re no means by :i* mank9d c\ld unit$ly "w = ! b5efit ( all1 & all be made happy z ! _w grew ri*]8 ,political ,economy sugge/$ none1 & ,rob]t ,ow5 turn$ f its futile /udy to t ( ! facts !mselves4 ,he 0 a manufactur]1 9 sympa?y ) employ]s z well z ) employ$4 ,he _h e opportunity = a practical und]/&+ ( ! int]e/s involv$1 & he gave ye>s to ! /udy ( ?is "q 9 a _s ( ke5 inquiry & ard5t devotion to ! cause4 ,8 ultimate conclusion 0 t 9 "s =m ( socialism alone c\ld a rem$y = ! exi/5t evils ( indu/rial life be f\nd4 ,h5ce=? he lab\r$ to give to ! _w an object lesson 9 socialism4 ,he emb>k$ 8 =tune 9 bold exp]im5ts1 :i* prov$--z 9 ! case ( ,new ,h>mony--f9ancial failures4 ,into ! details ( ^! failures ,i _c n[ ent]1 nor h we to deal j yet ) socialism z a rem$y4 ,my pres5t purpose is to %[ ! orig9 & reality ( ! evils inh]5t 9 ! individuali/ic sy/em ( indu/ry--evils on :i* ! argum5t = socialism is bas$4 ,& ,i mu/ reit]ate ! /atem5t made by ,john ,/u>t ,mill 9 #ahfi1 t ! fundam5tal que/ions relat+ to prop]ty1 & to ! be/ me?ods ( production & di/ribution--que/ions involv$ 9 socialism--require to be ?or\ghly inve/igat$4 ,mr4 ,mill's op9ion reg>d+ socialism 0 t 9 "s future "t communi/ic production might prove well-adapt$ to ! wants & ! nature ( man1 b a high /&>d ( moral & intellectual education w\ld fir/ be necess>y1 & ! passage to t /ate c\ld only be sl[4 ,mean:ile ! suff]+s ( ! prolet>iat are z int5se z 9 ! days ( ,rob]t ,ow54 ,! problem :i* absorb$ 8 en]gies & wreck$ 8 =tunes rema9s z yet unsolv$1 & we1 :o live :5 a tw5tie? c5tury has be5 ent]$ ^u1 are daily surr\nd$ by a mass ( work]s ti$ h& & foot by pov]ty & (t5 weigh$ d[n by despair4 ,& ?is is ! case1 not)/&+ ! lapse ( a long int]m$iate p]iod ( national prosp]ity2 9 spite1 also1 ( ! p[]s ( sci5ce to enlight5 manual lab\r1 ! intellectual ef=ts to advance education1 & a b\ndless b5evol5ce & sympa?y ready to embrace all mank9d1 & give happ9ess to all1 7 only ! "r means devis$ :]e) to accompli% t end4#a ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! ,scotsman ( ,m>* #af1 #ahig1 ?is p>agraph occurs3 8,at ! meet+ ( ,ed9burgh ,p>i% ,c\ncil ye/]day1 x 0 /at$ t paup]ism is increas+1 & po9t$ out t = ! mon? end+ #ae? ult4 !re 0 an increase ( #aad applications = individuals = relief1 comp>$ ) ! correspond+ p]iod la/ ye>60 ,x 0 /at$ by ,mr4 ,r[ntree 7^: inve/igations ( ?is subject are widely kn[n & respect$7 t "o-f\r? ( ! population ( ,great ,brita9 lives 9 pov]ty1 ei!r prim>y or second>y2 :ile #eb p] c5t4 ( ! cases ( prim>y pov]ty are due to ! pr9cipal wage-e>n] receiv+ too l[ a wage to ma9ta9 8 family 9 physical effici5cy4 7,ev5+ ,news ,report1 ,m>* #bb1 #aijc47 ,individual b5evol5ce has fail$1 & t z completely z ,rob]t ,ow5's socialism1 to cope ) g5]al pov]ty1 & ! me?od ( ,poor ,laws has accompli%$ almo/ no?+4 ,9 ,rob]t ,ow5's day ! evils describ$ 9 factory life belong$ specially to ,great ,brita94 ,t is n ! limit1 h[ev]1 n[4 ,i ne$ only ref] my read] to ,h5ry ,george's picture ( pov]ty dogg+ ! foot/eps ( progress 9 ,am]ica & to ,pr(essor ,goldw9 ,smi?'s corroborative words3 8,x is a melan*oly fact1 t ev]y:]e 9 ,am]ica we are look+ =w>d to ! necessity ( a public provision = ! poor40 ,& aga93 8,!re w 9 "t be an educat$ prolet>iat ( a v mis]able & p]haps dang]\s k9d1 = no?+ c be m wret*$ & explosive ?an de/itution ) ! social humiliation :i* att5ds x1 9 m5 ^: s5sibilities h be5 quick5$ & ^: ambition has be5 ar\s$40 ,! problem respect+ appall+ pov]ty 9 ! mid/ ( weal? 7x is a pov]ty m>r+ ! happ9ess ( ! ri* z well z ! poor7 cries out = solution4 ,x =ces itself ^u public att5tion 9 ! old _w z 9 ! new4 ,!re is no escape f x4 ,! problem mu/ be grappl$ ) by educat$ reason1 & solv$ by means ( ! pati5t ex]cise ( a cold calculation ( natural =ces4 ,happily x is recogniz$ 9 its evolutional aspects by _m ?9k]s all ov] ! _w4 ,tw5ty ye>s ago ,*>les ,let\rneau 9 8 ,sociology wrote3 8,9 e c\ntry :i* enjoys ! ,european sy/em ( civilization1 ! "r ( prop]ty has ev] be5 9 a /ate ( evolution1 always t5d+ to give a great] degree ( indep5d5ce to ! individual own]2 9 o!r words1 ! evolution is always work$ 9 fav\r ( individual egotism4 ,:o c say t ! evolution is n[ complete1 or t we h yet realiz$ ! highe/ ideal sy/em 9 ! disposition ( our prop]ty8 ,a progressive evolution is1 = e society1 "o ( ! conditions ( exi/5ce4 ,! "r ( proprietor%ip _c1 !re=e1 rema9 /ation>y40 ,! p]iod t has elaps$ s9ce t passage 0 writt5 has witness$ a widespread & /rong gr[? ( op9ion ^u ^! l9es4 ,9 ! ,contempor>y ,review ( ,febru>y1 #aijb1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,hobson ?us writes3 8444 ,! idea ( natural individual rights z ! basis ( democracy disappe>s4 ,a cle> grasp ( society z an economic organism completely explodes ! notion ( prop]ty z an inh]5t individual "r1 = x %[s t no individual c make or appropriate any?+ ( value )\t ! direct cont9u\s assi/ance ( society40 ,! "r ( proprietor%ip 9 l& is ! fir/ pr9ciple to exam9e4 ,! relation betwe5 l& & life 9 its simpl] aspects is cle> & def9ite4 ,all classes ( l& animals--man includ$--are imm$iately dep5d5t = subsi/5ce ^u ! produce ( l&1 & :5 man em]ges f slav]y1 ano!r elem5t1 namely1 lab\r1 ent]s into ! conditions ( 8 life & becomes1 ) l&1 ess5tial to 8 exi/5ce4 ,( food1 fitt$ = ! n\ri%m5t ( man1 uncultivat$ l& produces little save "s wild fruits & edible roots1 & _m wild animals1 :i* he may eat if 9 hunt+ !m d[n !y d n eat him4 ,b l& plac$ "u ! additional =ces ( man's physical & intellectual en]gies produces an imm5se v>iety ( objects--a p]fect weal? ( raw mat]ial1 vegetable1 animal1 m9]al--:i*1 yield+ to fur!r elaboration ?r\gh 8 ef=ts & g5ius1 all help to create = him a civiliz$ life4 ,?is raw mat]ial1 9 %ort1 suppli$ man ) food1 %elt]1 clo?+1 ) ! com=ts & luxuries 8 develop+ nature dem&s1 & ) all necess>ies to ! exi/5ce ( lit]ature1 sci5ce1 & art4 ,pass+ ov] ! primitive =ms ( associat$ life--! nomad & pa/oral--we come to ! agricultural /age1 :5 lab\r]s on ! l& are manife/ly ! all-important social units4 ,!y s[1 till1 & reap ! fields4 ,!y t5d dome/ic animals1 ^: sk9s & wool are made into g>m5ts by o!r memb]s ( ! gr\p4 ,b ! latt] dep5d = food & ! raw mat]ials ( _! indu/ry on ! cultivators1 :o are1 if ,i may s express x1 ! f\ndation /ones ( ! simple social /ructure4 ,to :om does ! l& belong8 ,to ! :ole gr\p1 & an annual division among/ ! families = purposes ( cultivation takes place1 :il/ weapons1 fi%+-boats1 tools & o!r movables are ! prop]ty ( individuals4 ,n[ obs]ve1 a *ange gradually occurs1 a *ange f ! communal possession ( l& to a sy/em ( ! individual possession ( l&1 & =ce is ! sole cause ( ?is *ange4 ,ext]nal aggression has initiat$ militant activity1 :ile1 9 ! process ( frequ5t resi/ance to invasion1 & frequ5t aggression ^u o!rs1 !re is produc$ ! class inequalities :i* di/+ui% a militant type ( society & a sy/em all[+ ( individual l&-own]%ip4 ,l& becomes private prop]ty 9 ! h&s ( ! bold & crafty1 :o compel ! cultivation ( ! soil by ! l&less m5 ( ! gr\p1 & by prison]s ( w> sp>$ on condition t !y p]=m h>d lab\r4 ,! in/itution ( slav]y ?us becomes e/abli%$1 & x is a lead+ factor 9 ! promotion ( civilization4 ,lords ( ! soil sp5d _! en]gies 9 w>like activities1 :il/ protect+ _! slaves & s]fs at lab\r4 ,! produce ( t lab\r is appropriat$ by ! dom9ant class1 & us$ = its own p>ticul> b5efit4 ,its requirem5ts ext5d mu* beyond ! m]e necess>ies ( exi/5ce t x yields to ! work]s1 & sl[ly !re uprises a new =m ( lab\r & a l>ge class ( lab\r]s1 produc+ a v>iety ( commodities to gratify ! desires ( pomp-lov+1 b>b>ic *iefs4 ,n[ ?is class1 ! lab\r ( :i* is :olly absorb$ by ! *iefs1 mu/ be f$ f ! produce ( ! l&4 ,h[ is ?is accompli%$8 ,! *iefs1 :ile exact+ h>d lab\r f ! slaves & s]fs1 yield !m only a b>e liv+4 ,b ! proce$s ( _! lab\r1 ov] & above ! b>e liv+ ( ! produc]s1 is v consid]able4 ,!re is !re=e a l>ge surplus1 :i*1 appropriat$ by ! *iefs z r5t1 is ! s\rce ( _! p[]4 ,) x !y support a l>ge class ( l&less m5 engag$ 9 m9i/]+ to _! own specific wants4 ,moreov]1 ?is class gr\ps itself ar\nd ! ca/le ( ! *iefs1 :i* are fill$ ) milit>y reta9]s1 & "h we h ! beg9n+s ( t[ns4 ,! t[n population increases /eadily ) ! increase ( ! surplus produce f l& "u bett] conditions ( cultivation4 ,m>kets & /ores are in/itut$1 & a comm]cial sy/em is introduc$4 ,b>t] gives way to ! use ( money1 & ! entire social organism exp&s & becomes m complex4 ,anon1 slav]y disappe>s4 ,b work]s on ! l&--always ! mo/ necess>y social units--rema9 poor z be=e4 ,competitors = "w1 9 dang] ( />v+1 drive no h>d b>ga9 ) ma/]s :o are 9 full possession ( ! soil1 & able to =bid _! gr[+ ev5 ! simple fruits & gra9 requir$ = a meagre liv+4 ,= food en\gh to live1 !y readily pl$ge ! lab\r ( _! :ole lives1 & s9ce nature's recomp5se = lab\r is lib]al1 !re is an abundant surplus produce = l&[n]s to grasp & employ z !y *oose4 ,into ! t[ns x is s5t1 & !re x /imulates progress--m5tal & mat]ial--& creates new dep>tures 9 social life4 ,class inequalities among t[n work]s increase1 & lab\r becomes organiz$4 ,! m5tally /rong] dom9ate ! weak] 9 ! new fields ( indu/ry4 ,!y direct & control ! production ( commodities = ! use ( ! dom9ant class1 & succe$ 9 acquir+ a great] rew>d = _! "w ?an a meagre liv+4 ,out ( ! surplus produce ( ! l& !y become able to secure f _! lords a portion :i* =ms ! f\ndation ( weal? 9 a new social class--a class ( l&less capitali/s :o1 possess+ bra9 p[] & lat] money-p[]1 become ! supreme factors 9 alt]+ social conditions4 ,^! m5 promote manufacture & comm]ce by action simil> to ! l&hold]s' me?ods ( promot+ agriculture4 ,!y press d[n _! work]s to a b>e liv+1 & take z pr(its all t competition p]mits ( ! results ( ! jo9t lab\r4 ,^! pr(its !y apply to ! satisfaction ( _! p]sonal desires & ! c>ry+ out ( _! s*emes ( manufactur+ & comm]cial ent]prise4 ,f9ally1 !y indulge 9 luxuri\s liv+ & emulate l&hold]s 9 ! pur*ase ( valuable commodities1 ?us /imulat+ c]ta9 trades4 ,mean:ile1 ?r\gh ! int]c\rse ( urban life1 m5tal activity rapidly augm5ts4 ,education is initiat$1 aptitude & skill are m & m priz$ & rew>d$4 ,inv5tion pr(\ndly modifies ! primitive modes ( production1 & g5ius aspires to und]/& & gov]n ! =ces ( nature4 ,"o direction tak5 by m5tal activity ev5tuates 9 an important social =ce1 viz41 ! ,*ur*1 or religi\s organization4 ,_m ( ! be/ m9ds 9 e>ly ages 7 alli$ ) ! prie/hood1 & ! ,*ur*'s desire = /ately temples1 gorge\s %r9es1 & decorative wor%ip h enorm\sly aid$ ! outw>d developm5t ( ar*itecture1 sculpture1 pa9t+1 & music1 & ! inw>d gr[? ( ae/hetic capacity4 ,b prie/s & all ^: lab\r is absorb$ by ! requirem5ts ( religi\s wor%ip & ! con/ruct+ ( temples1 mu/ be f$ on ! produce ( ! l&4 ,! prie/hood is ma9ta9$ 9 leisure by r5ts1 ti!s1 or ! volunt>y (f]+s ( ! p4 ,x is fre$ f ! necessity ( indu/rial lab\r & milit>y activity1 & memb]s )9 ?is l>ge class h devot$ _! leisure to lit]ature1 hi/ory1 philosophy1 & art1 !reby greatly advanc+ civilization4 ,"u increas$ /ability ( gov]nm5ts ! organization becomes ( a ma9ly indu/rial type4 ,nations n[ possess enorm\s weal? 9 ! =m ( mat]ial commodities1 weal? 9 ! =m ( intellectual lit]ature & ! educational in/itutions t promote k2 weal? 9 ! =m ( ornam5t--all t embelli%es & makes beautiful ! surr\nd+s ( human life2 & all ?is weal? has come into exi/5ce ?r\gh ! natural action ( evolution>y =ces--an action creative1 /ep by /ep1 ( a sy/em ( social int]dep5d5ce & regulation4 ,! prom95t features ( ! sy/em are3 ,fir/1 private prop]ty 9 l&2 second1 great social inequality2 ?ird1 pov]ty ( manual lab\r]s2 f\r?1 a l>ge t[n population1 & a small or m9imum peasant population4 ,its less prom95t b no less decisive feature is ! complete social subjugation ( ! poor by ! ri*4 ,! supports ( ! sy/em ?r\gh ! :ole process ( its gr[? h be5 lab\r]s on ! l&1 & ^! lab\r]s h sc>cely at all p>tak5 ( ! national weal?4 ,! food !y reap$ =m$ ! motor =ce vitaliz+ & en]giz+ ! evolv+ social organism4 ,food 0 ! rul+ p[] decid+ ! gr[? & ext5t ( economic life1 z well z ! =m ( its developm5t4 ,b food-produc]s h nev] det]m9$ ! de/9ation ( ! surplus food1 & 9 ?is fact lies ! key to a great social problem :i* /ud5ts ( social sci5ce are b\nd to compreh5d4 ,! l&hold]s--& ^! z a rule h n be5 work]s on ! l&--h decid$ ! de/9ation ( ! surplus produce4 ,up to ! pres5t-day l&lords--includ+ ! proprietors ( coal1 iron & o!r m9es1 capitali/ employ]s ( lab\r1 ! *ur*es ( ! nation1 & h]$it>y rul]s--are at ! f\nta9head ( mod]n civilization4 ,x is ?r\gh _! action--caus$ ma9ly by selfi%ness1 tyranny1 pride1 gre$--t cultivators & op]atives h be5 kept at maximum toil & be5 limit$ 9 numb]1 :ile at ! same "t ! l&'s res\rces h develop$ & improv$ until l& & lab\r unit$ s]ve to support an enorm\s mass ( population--individuals ( entirely di/9ctive "*1 activities1 social position & social wor?1 all alike 9 ?is "o p>ticul>--!y are daily & h\rly consum]s ( ! produce ( ! l&4 ,a good h>ve/ t is g5]al ov] ! _w s5ds activity l an electric curr5t ?r\gh ! economic sy/em4 ,a bad h>ve/1 if univ]sal1 w\ld cause univ]sal depression2 n agriculture alone mu/ suff]1 b manufacture1 comm]ce1 sci5ce1 art1 lit]ature1 education1 recreation--= on ! production ( food dep5ds ! buy+ p[] ( ! :ole trad+ _w4 ,x is true t mod]n c\ntries are n ma9ta9$ f _! own food res\rces alone4 ,also1 x is true t ! ma*9]y ( ex*ange--money & our va/ cr$it sy/em--ent] into ! ph5om5a & confuse ! /ud5t's m9d4 ,nev]!less1 an all-important fact discloses itself on close inve/igation1 viz41 ?is--! relation ( l&lordism to mod]n civilization is n accid5tal1 x is ess5tial & causal4 ,z already %[n1 ! g5]al drift ( ! produce ( ! l& has be5 into ! t[ns2 & ?i!r also h migrat$ ! lab\r]s4 ,ma*9]y & sci5ce appli$ to l& cultivation l[]$ ! am\nt ( peasant lab\r requir$1 b x did n l[] ! bir?-rate4 ,surplus peasants h be5 driv5 by necessity f _! homes to ! c5tres ( manufactur+ indu/ry1 &1 compet+ = "w !re ) ! op]ative class1 h kept wages l[ & facilitat$ ! enri*+ ( capitali/ employ]s4 ,^! m51 actuat$ by p]sonal desires1 selfi% ambition1 & a t5d5cy to m]cantile speculation1 use _! weal? 9 ext5d+ ! production ( objects t m9i/] to a life ( luxury & ref9em5t4 ,! old] political economi/s mi/ak5ly taught t 8all capital1 ) a trifl+ exception1 0 orig9ally ! result ( sav+40 7,j4 ,s4 ,mill's ,political ,economy1 book #a1 *ap4 #e47 ,att5tion to ! hi/ory ( social evolution1 h[ev]1 proves ! fact to be o!rwise4 ,n individual sav+1 b social seizure1 creat$ capital4 ,its orig91 z we h %[n1 0 ! surplus produce tak5 f produc]s & dispos$ ( by a dom9ant class4 ,x orig9at$ ?r\gh ! selfi% quality ( rapacity & n ?r\gh ! respectable virtue ( prud5ce1 z "s capitali/s w\ld h u believe4 ,! gr[? ( capital has be5 enorm\s s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! indu/rial revolution2 & at ! pres5t mom5t ! ri*es ( a comp>atively small numb] ( ! own]s ( our l& & capital are colossal & increas+4 ,at ! same "t1 !re is no dim9ution ( pov]ty among work]s4 ,?irty p] c5t4 ( ! five million inhabitants ( ,london are inadequately suppli$ ) ! b>e necess>ies ( life1 & ab\t a f\r? ( ! entire community become paup]s at sixty-five4 ,i ref] my read] to ,sidney ,webb's pamphlet1 ,! ,difficulties ( ,individualism4 ,! sup]session ( ! small by ! great indu/ry has giv5 ! ma9 fruits ( inv5tion & ! new p[] ov] nature to a small propriet>y class1 ^u :om ! mass ( ! p are dep5d5t = leave to e>n _! liv+4 ,! r5t & int]e/ claim$ by t class absorbs1 on an av]age1 "o-?ird ( ! product ( lab\r4 ,! rema9+ #h;d4 ( ! #as4 is !n %>$ betwe5 ! v>i\s classes co-op]at+ 9 ! production1 b 9 su* a way t at lea/ #d;d4 goes to a set ( educat$ work]s numb]+ less ?an "o-fif? ( ! :ole1 leav+ f\r-fif?s to divide less ?an #d;d4 out ( ! #as4 betwe5 !m4 8,! consequ5ce is ! social condition we see ar\nd u40 7,ibid47 ,?us f\r out ( five ( ! :ole population--! weekly wage-e>n]s--toil p]petually = less ?an a ?ird ( ! aggregate product ( lab\r1 at an annual wage av]ag+ at mo/ #dj p] adult1 & are hurri$ into e>ly graves by ! sev]ity ( _! lives1 dy+1 z reg>ds at lea/ "o-?ird ( !m1 de/itute1 or actually 9 receipt ( poor law relief4 ,9 t[n & c\ntry1 ! op]atives & peasants1 :o1 unit$1 =m "o l>ge class engag$ 9 manual lab\r1 resemble ,s9bad ! ,sailor1 on ^: %\ld]s rides ! ,old ,man ( ! ,sea4 ,x is !y :o ma9ta9 our leisur$ classes4 ,! prolet>iat c>ries on its back all ! ri* & _! innum]able dep5d5ts1 m ?an #cjj1jjj soldi]s1 an imm5se navy1 a million ( paup]s1 a numb] ( ,/ate p5sion]s1 a multitude ( crim9als1 ,8 ,maje/y & ! ,royal ,family1 all ,gov]nm5t (ficials & ecclesia/ics--a va/ ho/ ( unproductive consum]s ?r\gh\t society4 ,slav]y ( ! _m = ! com=t & enjoym5t ( ! few6 ,t is all man has atta9$ to1 s f>1 9 ! evolution ( society4 ,& no "o :o /udies ! facts ( life c d5y ?is impea*m5t ( civilization3 8,all ov] ! _w ! beauty1 glory1 & grace ( civilization re/s on human lives cru%$ into mis]y & di/ortion40 7,h5ry ,george47 ,! extremity ( contra/ betwe5 ri* & poor has no e?ical ju/ification4 ,"u purely e?ical conditions1 e *ild born into a nation %\ld h equal *ances ( life1 com=ts1 & luxuries1 ) e o!r *ild4 ,b1 z we "k1 "o ,briti% babe may be born to an income ( #ajj1jjj a ye>1 & ano!r to no income1 b to a con/ant /ruggle = b>e subsi/5ce & a paup]'s grave at la/4 ,! sy/em p]mitt+ ?is is e?ically odi\s4 ,nev]!less1 we h to recognize t1 "u non-e?ical conditions1 developm5t has tak5 place1 & we mu/ accept ! process z ! natural1 inevitable result ( all prior conditions4 ,man's e?ical nature itself is ! product ( a sl[ evolution1 n yet s advanc$ z to require & create purely e?ical social conditions4 ,*anges 9 ! future w proce$ on l9es ( natural gr[?1 z 9 ! pa/1 b ) ?is supreme diff]5ce--! issues w be fav\rable to g5]al happ9ess1 ! advance inf9itely m rapid1 because aid$ by consci\s human ef=t4 ,all s*emes ( social re=m t are revolution>y are widely *im]ical to ! ?\ghtful evolutioni/1 = 7 we sudd5ly to deprive our ri*] classes ( prop]ty1 privilege1 & p[]1 we %\ld simply create a g5]al abasem5t ( our national civilization4 ,our upp] classes1 r5d]$ effem9ate by ill-sp5t leisure & all ! artificial pleasures ( a voluptu\s & inane life1 are incapable ( direct+ civilization to ! highe/ & noble/ ends4 ,yet x is out ( _! mid/ t spr+s ! dem& = commodities m9i/]+ to all ! am5ities & ref9em5ts ( a civiliz$ life4 ,x is ref9em5t alone t dem&s ref9em5t1 culture t dem&s culture2 & 7 ! control ( human lab\r to pass sudd5ly f ! h&s ( ! upp] into ^? ( ! l[] classes1 :i* are /ill1 9 ! mass1 degrad$ & un5light5$1 !re w\ld be no effective dem& = ^! commodities1 & ! sci5ce & art implicat$ 9 _! production w\ld inevitably1 ?\gh gradually1 disappe>4 ,progressive evolution culm9ates 9 social ju/ice1 & ! pr9ciple ( private prop]ty 9 l&1 :i* implies an injuri\s monopoly 9 :at is ess5tial to human life 7& is !re=e socially unju/71 is c]ta9 to be consci\sly rel9qui%$ at a giv5 /age ( ! nation's intellectual & moral advance4 ,hav+ trac$ ! evolution ( ! individuali/ic sy/em ( indu/ry1 & se5 t ! inh]5t evils ( ! sy/em h _! s\rce 9 ! private own]%ip ( l& & capital1 :i* 8necess>ily involves ! complete exclusion ( ! m]e work]1 z su*1 f mo/ ( ! economic advantages ( ! soil on :i* he is born1 & ! build+s1 ma*9]y1 & railways he f9ds ar\nd him0 7,sidney ,webb71 let me n[ sum up & /ate ! p>am\nt evils t h to be ov]come4 ,= ! work]s ^! are--l[ wages1 long h\rs ( toil1 difficulty ( obta9+ "w1 &1 :5 x is obta9$1 unc]ta9ty ( be+ p]mitt$ to reta9 x4 ,= ! community g5]ally !re are fur!r evils1 viz41 fir/1 ! mal-production ( commodities made manife/ 9 food adult]ation & 9 a p]petual output ( objects t1 in/ead ( promot+ & cons]v+ civilization1 debase & corrupt public ta/e & morals2 &1 second1 ! mal-production ( human life1 = pov]ty is a social =ce t directly t5ds to racial deg5]ation4 ,a population born & br$ 9 our city slums becomes physically1 m5tally1 & morally unfit4 ,! facts ( pov]ty & ! unemploy$ are impossible to d5y4 ,fr$]ick ,h>rison's picture is accurate2 n9ety p] c5t4 ( ! actual produc]s ( weal? h no home !y c call _! own beyond ! end ( ! week1 h no bit ( soil or s mu* z a room t belongs to !m1 h no?+ ( any k9d except s mu* ( old furniture z w g 9 a c>t2 h ! prec>i\s *ance ( weekly wages1 :i* b>ely suffice to keep !m 9 heal?2 are sep>at$ by s n>r[ a m>g9 f de/itution t a mon? ( bad trade1 sickness or unexpect$ loss br+s !m face to face ) hung] & paup]ism4 ,?is is ! normal /ate ( ! av]age workman 9 t[n or c\ntry4 7,report ( ,ind4 ,ref4 ,congress1 #ahhf47 ,z reg>ds ! *ildr5 ( ^! workm51 fifty p] c5t4 die be=e !y rea* five ye>s ( age1 :ile eighte5 p] c5t4 only ( upp] class *ildr5 die at ! same age4 ,! indu/rial evolution ( ! la/ #aej ye>s1 ) its lab\r-sav+ ma*9]y & highly organiz$ masses ( wage-work]s1 has done no?+ at all to less5 pov]ty4 ,pov]ty has /eadily kept pace ) ! increase ( population4 ,b obs]ve 9 ! pres5t day !re is "o significant feature t =ces itself ^u public att5tion--a feature reveal+ to ! social /ud5t our approa* to t /age ( evolution spok5 ( by ,william ,cl>ke 9 ! passage ,i quote z motto to ?is *apt]3 8,ea* in/itution t5ds to cancel itself4444 ,its special function & progress produce effects t5d+ to negate ! orig9al function40 ,if we look m9utely into ! late/ developm5ts ( l>ge bus9esses1 we f9d t ! dim9ution 9 ! numb] ( competitors does n z a rule lead to an eas+ ( ! competitive /ruggle4 ,z ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,hobson obs]ves & demon/rates3 8,x is precisely 9 ^? trades :i* are mo/ highly organiz$1 provid$ ) ! mo/ advanc$ ma*9]y1 & compos$ ( ! l>ge/ units ( capital1 t ! fi]ce/ & mo/ unscrupul\s competition has %[n itself40 7,evolution ( ,capital1 p4 #abj47 ,!re is an increase1 9 %ort1 ( ! elem5ts de/9$ to de/roy competition4 ,! anxiety1 ardu\sness1 & wa/efulness ( /rife among ! rival competitors1 becomes s intol]able t a mutual truce & amalgamation is s\ght aft] z a release4 ,:5 fully realiz$1 ! amalgamation becomes a monopoly1 & competition1 t mu* vaunt$ *eck to c\nt]act ! natural rapacity ( private capitali/s1 ceases altoge!r4 ,let indu/rial monopoly be fairly e/abli%$1 & behold6 competition1 ) all its m]its1 real or assum$1 is abrogat$4 ,b indu/rial monopoly 9 private h&s becomes intol]able to ! public1 s t inv>iably1 9 ! long run1 ! community ei!r puts a =cible /op to ! monopoly1 or assumes x1 & adm9i/]s x z a ,/ate function4 ,we may confid5tly ass]t t z l>ge indu/ries approa* to ! /age ( absorption into monopolies ( f$]at$ gr\ps ( weal?y capitali/s1 ! m g5]al & widespread gr[s dissatisfaction & res5tm5t on ! "p ( ! dispossess$ small] capitali/s :o h be5 beat5 out ( ! field4 ,n[1 ! tr5d ( movem5t to-day1 ?r\gh ! :ole fields ( production & di/ribution1 is f bus9ess on a small scale to bus9ess on a l>ge scale1 & ! =mation ( limit$ companies1 r+s1 tru/s1 etc4 ,by pur*as+ raw mat]ial 9 great] quantities an imm5se sav+ is effect$1 & ! same occurs 9 ! adv]tis+ ( goods & 9 organiz+ num]\s work]s in/ead ( a few4 ,^! sav+s make x possible to l[] ! price ( ! f9i%$ commodity to ! public4 ,h5ce ! *ange f small] to l>g] comm]cial ent]prises is fav\rable to public int]e/s up to a c]ta9 po9t4 ,b ! mom5t monopoly po9t is rea*$1 ! position /raightway becomes rev]s$4 ,h5ce=w>d ! public h no protection f a sudd5 rais+ ( prices1 =1 ! competitive *eck hav+ be5 )drawn1 monopoli/s dom9ate _! respective fields ( production & di/ribution1 & ! individually selfi% =ces alone hold sway4 ,?is t5d5cy1 !n1 to l>g] & l>g] indu/rial organization1 ) its wa/eful w>f>e & o!r att5dant evils1 implies a c]ta9 advance4 ,x indicates competition work+ out to its la/ expression & f9al breakd[n4 ,x po9ts to ! sup]session ( ! individuali/ic indu/rial sy/em by a collectivi/ indu/rial sy/em requir+ democratic /ate-own]%ip ( l& & ! means ( production & di/ribution ( all commodities4 ,9 process ( civiliz+ man has made himself acqua9t$ ) _m laws ( nature1 & has le>nt s to h&le matt] z to direct its =ces into *annels c>ry+ b5efit to himself4 ,he has ?us become ! controll] ( natural =ces 9 z f> z !y lie )9 rea* ( 8 m5tal compreh5sion & physical activities4 ,x is by ?is me?od1 & no o!r1 t our advance along ! l9e ( mat]ial civilization has be5 accompli%$1 & all fur!r ext5sion ( ! com=ts & am5ities ( economic & social life is c]ta9 to be obta9$ ?r\gh p]si/5ce 9 ?is available & satisfactory c\rse4 ,n[1 ?r\gh\t ! doma9 ( non-mat]ial civilization1 man has nev] con/itut$ himself controll] ( natural =ces1 al?\gh1 9 ord]s ( life inf]ior to 8 own1 he has guid$ _m vital =ces4 ,= in/ance1 !re are vegetable & animal =ces--all subject to natural law--t he has enli/$ 9 8 s]vice & made submissive to 8 dom9ion4 ,! =ms ( vegetable life ar\nd u to-day--c]eals1 fruit-trees1 plants1 & fl[]s ( inf9itely v>i$ t9t--be> witness to ! art & skill ( man2 & ! animal k+dom1 rul$ by my/]i\s biological laws1 has provid$ him ) fai?ful s]vants ob$i5t to 8 w1 9 a life :i* to dogs & horses is l>gely artificial4 ,9 ! ord] ( 8 own social life man's position is :olly diff]5t4 ,:at we behold1 if we take an objective view ( a s-call$ civiliz$ society1 is a m>vell\s v>iety ( complicat$ movem5ts4 ,^! are ! outcome ( =ces pursu+ an unbridl$ c\rse2 & t c\rse is always ! pa? ( lea/ resi/ance4 ,z yet !re is no int]v5+ =ce ( a collective1 m5tal nature to adapt t c\rse to an ultimate def9ite aim & purpose1 or to h>monize broadly ^? l9es ( lea/ resi/ance ) ! l9e ( p]man5t & univ]sal advantage to mank9d4 ,z ,pr(essor ,le/] ,f4 ,w>d expresses x1 8,man has made ! w9ds1 ! wat]s1 fire1 /eam & electricity d 8 bidd+4 ,all nature1 bo? animate & inanimate1 has be5 r$uc$ to 8 s]vice4444 ,"o class ( natural =ces /ill rema9s ! play ( *ance1 & f x1 in/ead ( aid1 he is con/antly receiv+ ! mo/ s]i\s *ecks4 ,?is field is t ( society itself1 ^! unreclaim$ =ces are ! social =ces ( ^: nature man seems to possess no k1 ^: v exi/5ce he p]si/5tly ignores1 & :i* he consequ5tly is p[]less to control40 7,dynamic ,sociology1 vol4 ,i4 p4 #ce47 ,^! unreclaim$ social =ces--selfi%ness1 rapacity1 pride--give activity to ! competitive sy/em1 & run riot on ! basis ( private prop]ty 9 l& & ! means ( production4 ,b ! pres5t condition ( ?+s _c mu* long] p]si/1 & a new indu/rial sy/em1 ! outcome ( f> m elevat$ social =ces1 is %ap+ itself rapidly 9 _m m9ds ?r\gh\t ,europe1 ,am]ica1 & ! :ole civiliz$ _w2 t sy/em ( co-op]ative indu/ry we h n[ to consid]4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,organiz$ ,,indu/ry ,! true organic =mula ( political z ( economic ju/ice is-- 8,f ea* accord+ to 8 p[]s1 ,to ea* accord+ to 8 ne$s40 ,j4 ,a4 ,,hobson4 ,:il/ be>+ 9 m9d t ! pres5t economic sy/em--a sy/em unconsci\sly produc$ ?r\gh ! play ( selfi% =ces--0 a necess>y /age ( evolution1 & t5d$ to progress s long z savage proclivities 9 ! mass ( ! p made a clos] social union impossible1 we h also to recognize ! *anges1 outw>d & inw>d1 occurr+ "u t sy/em4 ,fir/1 a rise ( co-op]ation1 bo? volunt>y & involunt>y--9 factories & ?r\gh\t bus9ess g5]ally--has tak5 place1 caus+ evolution to proce$ on wid] l9es4 ,second1 a sl[1 sil5t1 un/udi$1 half-unconsci\s movem5t has advanc$1 & 9 ^! days ev5tuat$ 9 ! conception ( a new sy/em :i* purports to be ! =m t indu/rial evolution mu/ assume 9 ! ne> future4 ,& inasmu* z ?is new sy/em is less egoi/ic & m social ?an any sy/em ( competition1 x w move on e?ical l9es ( progress4 ,! pres5t sy/em1 z we h se51 is bas$ on private prop]ty 9 l& & ! in/rum5ts ( production & di/ribution4 ,9 opposition to ?is1 socialism implies t ! ,/ate or p collectively %\ld own ! l& & in/rum5ts ( production & di/ribution4 ,fur!r1 t ! ,/ate %\ld organize r\t9e lab\r & direct ! di/ribution ( produce ^u ?is basis1 & t ?r\gh\t society social equality %\ld be e/abli%$ & ma9ta9$4 ,! s5tim5t ( ju/ice & ! feel+s ( sympa?y & solid>ity1 )\t :i* no socializ$ society c\ld exi/1 are prom95t ev]y:]e to-day4 ,!y manife/ 9 philan?ropic action all ov] ! c\ntry1 9 con/ant ef=ts to adju/ political & economic =ces to l9es ( social equality & 9 ! revolt ( wage-work]s1 ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w1 f conditions !y are f9d+ intol]able & w n mu* long] endure4 ,a :olly unselfi% ord] ( life is impossible /ill1 b "u any intellig5t collectivi/ sy/em1 individual selfi%ness becomes modifi$ & controll$4 ,h5ce we may confid5tly expect t ! /rong anti-social feel+s fo/]$ by ! private prop]ty & competitive sy/em ( indu/ry w l>gely subside 9 ! great] frat]nity ( an organiz$ socialism4 ,x is significant t ignorant oppon5ts1 9 _! wildly errone\s int]pretation ( ! !ory ( socialism z an equal division ( money to all1 recognize ! gross inju/ice ( ! pres5t di/ribution ( weal?4 ,! wrong & mis]y accru+ f ! individuali/ic sy/em ( indu/ry are widely felt & freely admitt$1 :ile ! und]ly+ causes ( ! evil & ! true rem$ies are n yet und]/ood4 ,z reg>ds ! connexion ( socialism ) ! !ories ( political economy1 ,i mu/ %ortly expla93 ,political economy is ! sci5ce ( weal?--its production & di/ribution4 ,b z ! sci5ce relates exclusively to ! pres5t competitive sy/em1 ! sociali/ f9ds 9 x a full exposure ( ! evils involv$ 9 t sy/em1 & ample gr\nds = /riv+ to br+ ab\t its sup]session by a sy/em ( co-op]ation on a socializ$ prop]ty basis4 ,!re is n & !re _c be any conflict betwe5 a true political economy & a sci5tific socialism4 ,! "o describes :at is1 ! o!r :at may be & ought to be4 ,bo? recognize t weal? is produc$ 7& x is ! only possible way7 by ! application ( lab\r to l&1 & its products4 ,9 ! pres5t sy/em1 ! individual possession ( l& & ! in/rum5ts ( production =ms ! rul+ factor1 produc+ inequality 9 ! di/ribution ( weal? & gives ! basis on :i* comm]cial competition re/s4 ,9 ref]r+ to laws ( political economy1 x is n unusual to speak z if !y 7 laws ( nature1 no m to be bani%$ ?an ! law ( gravitation4 ,on ?is assumption !re is rais$ ! argum5t t society is =ev] b\nd to ! pres5t sy/em1 ) its paym5ts ( r5t1 int]e/ & pr(its out ( ! surplus proce$s ( lab\r4 ,nev]!less1 x is easy to see t ! s-call$ laws ( economics are only rules ( social liv+ spr++ f motives ( human self-seek+ ex]cis$ )9 ! g5]ally accept$ conditions ( private prop]ty 9 ! ess5tials ( life4 ,x is n necess>y = ! sociali/ to cont5d aga9/ any s+le g5]alization ( political economy2 ea* may be true on its own basis1 b1 ) t basis socialism is at w>4 ,let society rel9qui% ! prop]ty basis1 & political economy rema9s applicable only to ! pa/1 :ile 9 ! future ! motives ( human self-seek+ ent] ^u a fre% c>e] 9 a m altrui/ic sy/em4 ,we mu/ grasp ! true nature ( ! v>i\s tributes impos$ ^u lab\r--r5t1 int]e/1 pr(its & r5t ( ability--to compreh5d _! economic be>+4 ,a f>m is ! private prop]ty ( a l&lord1 :ile x is cultivat$ by a f>m] & 8 lab\r]s4 ,! proce$s ( ! indu/ry ( ! two latt] is divid$ into ?ree portions--! lab\r]s' wages1 ! l&lord's r5t & ! f>m]'s pr(its4 ,! fir/1 dep5d5t on dem& & supply 9 ! lab\r m>ket1 is kept d[n to :at w cov] ! exp5se ( a b>e subsi/5ce2 & ! second is always ! highe/ am\nt ! l&lord c extract above ! portion ! f>m] cons5ts to live ^u aft] pay+ ! subsi/5ce wage to 8 lab\r]s4 ,a l&lord's rapacity1 h[ev]1 is no long] ! only factor 9 det]m9+ r5t1 s9ce ,/ate int]f]5ce has be5 f\nd necess>y = protection ( f>m]s 9 ! public int]e/s4 ,! economic be>+ ( r5t is ?is3 x gives effect to ! dem&s ( ! l&lord class = ! results ( an imm5se am\nt ( lab\r appli$ to ! production ( v>i$ commodities4 ,z already expla9$1 ! produce sold 9 t[ns by f>m]s to pay r5t goes1 9 l>ge measure1 to ! support ( work]s :o are manufactur+ luxuries1 objets de luxe1 & _m m]etrici\s w>es t m9i/] to ! deprav$ ta/e ( m5 & wom5 ^: happ9ess is de/roy$ by a life ( idl5ess & ennui4 ,x is n l& only1 b capital 9 ! %ape ( railways1 factories1 work%ops1 ma*9]y1 etc41 t are held z private prop]ty4 ,= ! use ( ^!1 !re=e1 work]s pay a tribute call$ int]e/ on capital4 ,?is int]e/ gives effective dem& to ! wants ( a l>ge class ( comp>atively idle %>ehold]s1 :o fur!r absorb ! s]vices & produce ( ano!r great army ( work]s4 ,! next tribute1 namely pr(its1 is a claim connect$ ) ! organiz+ ( lab\r4 ,x repres5ts a prodigi\s tax levi$ ^u work]s1 a tax t enables employ]s & manag]s--m or less weal?y--to enjoy com=ts & luxuries _! employs c nev] comm&4 ,! f\r? tribute has be5 call$ ! r5t ( ability4 ,x re/s on ! non-e?ical pr9ciple t "s p des]ve f society a great rew>d = "w !y h pleasure 9 do+1 :ile ! toil]s engag$ 9 irksome1 dang]\s1 dirty1 di/a/eful "w--h[ev] necess>y to ! :ole community--are only entitl$ to a pittance wage4 ,let u look at ! proportional value ( r5t1 int]e/1 pr(its & r5t ( ability 9 _! relation to ! rew>d ( manual lab\r4 ,out ( ! ye>ly income ( ! nation1 rec5tly comput$ at #a1dej1jjj1jjj1 #eaj1jjj1jjj goes 9 r5t & int]e/ & #daj1jjj1jjj 9 pr(its & sal>ies to ! rul+ classes1 :ile #ecj1jjj1jjj only is available = paym5t ( wages to manual work]s4 ,b :5 we consid] t ! latt] compose ! great mass ( ! population1 & ! =m] a small section or fraction ( x only1 ! enormities involv$ 9 ! work+ ( our prop]ty in/itutions exhibit _! true col\rs1 & ! gr[+ s5se ( ju/ice )9 civiliz$ humanity revolts :olly f ! sy/em4 ,! facts1 r\ghly speak+1 are t "o-?ird ( ! total income ( ! nation goes to f\r-fif?s ( ! population1 :ile ! rema9+ "o-fif? pockets two-?irds ( ! income4 7,see ,sidney ,webb 9 ,fabian ,tract ,no4 #fi47 ,9 ! ,c5sus ( #ahia !re 7 #edc1jch adult m5 :o ent]$ !mselves z n work+ = a liv+4 ,we may assume ^! belong$ *iefly to ! weal?y classes1 & if we reckon _! av]age incomes at #ejj p] annum1 !re em]ges a sum ( #bga1eai1jjj z approximately ! value ( ! lab\r !y exact ea* ye> f work]s to :om !y r5d] no s]vices 9 return4 ,aga91 if we add to ! numb] ( ^! idle m5 ! wom5 & *ildr5 n[ liv+ on r5t & int]e/1 ! above computation falls f> %ort ( ! reality4 ,&1 ne$ x be said1 ! m !re is tak5 f work]s by non-work]s1 ! less mu/ rema9 = ! work]s !mselves4 ,to p ignorant ( economic pr9ciples1 ! man :o sp5ds a good income on p]sonal gratifications appe>s--9 8 relations to society--ei!r passive1 or active b5eficially1 inasmu* z he 8gives employm5t10 & 8 8giv+0 on ^! l9es is lavi%4 ,moreov]1 x is consid]$ t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ri* & poor is "o ( natural inequality1 ( :i*1 if work]s compla91 !y are consid]$ z unreasonable z ! invalid :o compla9s t o!r p are heal?y4 ,b ! facts admit ( no su* analogy4 ,! ri* owe ev]y?+ to ! poor4 ,!y are simply a p>asitic class1 & ! money !y sp5d repres5ts a p[] 7socially p]mitt$7 to comm& & absorb ! lab\r ( _! fell[s4 ,!y exact life-long s]vices1 = :i* !y be/[ no p]sonal s]vice 9 return4 ,7 we to place a ri* man ) all 8 money on an un9habit$ isl&1 h[ev] f]tile1 he w\ld at once be r$uc$ to 8 natural /ature4 ,no money w\ld cause 8 daily com=ts to spr+ up ar\nd him1 & /ill less ! _m luxuries )\t :i* he feels 8 exi/5ce has no *>m4 ,9 ord] to live he himself mu/ "w1 = he is ! sole repres5tative ( ! scores ( fell[-m5 on ^: lab\r he has hi!rto :olly dep5d$ = necess>ies & all ! am5ities ( a civiliz$ life4 ,! absorption by "o ( ! lab\r ( _m is a social arrangem5t ( g5etic orig91 & is immoral or non-e?ical 9 "*4 ,socialism is ! philosophy ( a pure1 :olesome1 progressive indu/rial life1 to be initiat$ & ma9ta9$ by human ef=t--nay m1 x is a v]itable ,gospel ( ,peace4 ,& ,i use ! ^w ,gospel advis$ly1 = ! f9e/ religi\s quality ( human nature is n 9 ^? be+s :o calmly pursue a c\rse ( spiritual developm5t = !mselves1 unm9dful t ! physical "p ( _! fell[s craves ! food & re/ )\t :i* ! lat5t s\l )9 _c manife/ itself4 ,we h se5 t 9 ! doma9 ( feel+ ! /irr+s ( socialism h = ye>s be5 agitat+ ! bosom ( society1 & al?\gh ! outcome 9 philan?ropic action issues usually 9 failure1 none ! less does x spr+ f ! highe/ & holie/ motives ( man4 ,b :ile philan?ropy *iefly repres5ts love's lab\r lo/1 !re are o!r & m virile =ces 9 action t are indicative ( a com+ organic democracy4 ,obs]ve1 = in/ance1 ! con/ant ef=ts ( ! p to alt] ! political & economic /ra9 by ,/ate int]f]5ce4 ,?is agitation is a v significant fact4 ,x betrays a hung] = social ju/ice :i* w c]ta9ly increase ) ! gr[? ( k1 public _s & s5sitiv5ess to p]sonal rights4 ,?is hung] c nev] be fully appeas$ "u any sy/em t p]mits weal? to fl[ to ! lucky1 ! clev]1 ! cunn+1 ! gre$y1 & be h&$ d[n by inh]itance & beque/ f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,no modification ( individualism & n ev5 socialism w bani% all popul> agitation4 ,communism is ! f>-di/ant goal to :i* x po9ts1 = communism alone sets =? z atta9able a satisfy+ equality 9 all ! com=ts ( life1 & s9ce evolution mu/ ev5tuate 9 social ju/ice1 :atev] falls %ort ( ?is w inevitably conta9 "s conditions ( discont5t4 ,b :il/ a crav+ = ju/ice among ! masses cries out = ,/ate int]f]5ce1 f :5ce comes ! mod]n view ( :at ju/ice means8 ,among ! classes x has be5 consid]$ t ! man :o is clev]1 i4e4 m5tally /rong1 has a "r to a great] rew>d = lab\r ?an ! man :o is /upid4 ,! orig9 ( ?is notion is simply ! fact t 9 a competitive sy/em he is able to obta9 t sup]ior rew>d4 ,p[]1 & n any e?ical idea1 is ! f\ndation ( ! notion4 ,! notions ( ju/ice prevail+ ?r\gh\t society h all aris5 naturally 9 ! pa/ amid ! /rong & privileg$ few1 & readily h !y be5 accept$ by ! docile & oppress$ _m4 ,! clev]1 n ! /upid1 h =m$ public op9ion1 & t "u a purely egoi/ic impulse4 ,nev]!less1 z evolution passes f ! unconsci\s to ! self-consci\s /age1 reason unites ) altrui/ic feel+ to give bir? to new conceptions t are m\ld+ public op9ion to a high] & tru] =m1 & work+ out on ! plane ( practical action4 ,! conception ( ju/ice involv$ 9 socialism is naturally unpalatable to ! privileg$ few1 b x goes f> to prove ! tru? ( socialism1 t ! conception is ! fruit ( ! mo/ advanc$ /udy ( our social organism z a :ole1 :ile x co9cides precisely ) ! bl9dly in/9ctive pulsations ( ! c5tral mass ( ! p4 ,turn+ n[ f ! moral & emotional to ! economic & practical side ( ! "q1 we are b\nd to inquire by :at me?ods transition f ! pres5t competitive comm]cial sy/em ( indu/ry to ! socialism ( ! future w take effect4 ,=1 be x obs]v$1 support]s ( ! latt] sy/em n only ass]t its e?ical sup]iority1 b fur!r ass]t t x is bo? practicable & economically inevitable4 ,!re are two1 & only two1 g5]al directions ( popul> re=m3 fir/1 ! revolution>y--! driv+ /raight at e/abli%$ in/itutions ) ! int5tion ( ov]?r[+ !m2 second1 ! legislative--! aim+ to improve ! exi/+ sy/em by co-op]ative me?ods & ! modification & gradual de/ruction ( its wor/ features1 i4e4 its extremes ( inju/ice & inequality4 ,i h to po9t out h[ retrograde & futile = ! promotion ( happ9ess is sudd5 revolution4 ,x is ! spontane\s me?od ( human passion :]e intellect is un5light5$ on natural evolution & causation4 ,x seeks to ov]turn :at1 = ! "t be+1 is ! highe/ product ( evolution1 & x w\ld bl9dly sub/itute t1 :i* al?\gh e?ically sup]ior1 ! society ( ! "t is unable to support4 ,! me?od ( legislative re=m1 national & municipal1 is ! rational "o2 & no o!r1 we may confid5tly hope1 w be tri$ 9 ! civiliz$ c\ntries ( ,europe s long z sociali/s are n h>ass$ & p]secut$ = _! op9ion beyond ! po9t ( endurance4 ,already1 z reg>ds legislation 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! p[] ( ! ,demos--! mass ( ! p--is acutely felt4 ,/ep by /ep our rul]s h be5 compell$ to l[] ! political fran*ise 9 ord] to quell revolution>y t5d5cy & ma9ta9 _! position4 ,fe>-=ces )9 ! social organism h *ang$ direction unnot$ at ! surface4 ,! classes are secretly m afraid ( ! p ?an ! p are ( ! classes2 yet ! actual burd5s borne by ! p are 9 no way light5$4 ,& :y is ?is s8 ,because ! p g5]ally are ignorant ( _! political p[]1 & /ill m ignorant ( h[ to wield x fav\rably to _! own int]e/s4 ,z has truly be5 said3 8,! difficulty 9 ,engl& is n to secure m political p[] = ! p1 b to p]suade !m to make any s5sible use ( ! p[] !y already h40 ,b social =ces ( p]suasion & enlight5m5t are ready prep>$ = _! guidance4 ,9 ! upp] & l[] sections ( ! middle class1 m5 & wom5 ^: culture is sci5tific & ^: moral s5tim5t is advanc$1 are rang+ !mselves 9 ! van ( ! _w's progress1 & *iefly ?r\gh _! ef=ts !re is p\r+ into & p5etrat+ ! d>kness ( ! masses a flood ( intellectual enlight5m5t4 ,?is process begun has its def9ite be>+s4 ,a gr[+ intellig5ce 9 ! p w cause ! displacem5t ( all au?ority t is irresponsible4 ,a bett] selection ( legislators w be made1 & ^!1 con/ra9$ by judici\s criticism1 w /udy ! pr9ciples ( social sci5ce & le>n h[ be/ to atta9 ! cle> ends ( gov]nm5t4 ,z our masses rise to ! full ex]cise ( _! political p[] & ! democratic tr5d ( ! nation goes =w>d1 no high] motive =ce ?an t ( self-seek+ is requir$ to secure bett] social conditions4 ,n only does ! ignorant self-seek+ ( ! masses c>ry weight comm&+ att5tion1 b ! intellig5t self-seek+ ( rul]s is a =ce set 9 simil> direction4 ,to please ! majority ( con/itu5ts is _! highe/ policy2 & s9ce food & leisure & education are ! ess5tial ne$s ( t majority1 su* available intellect z ! legislative body possesses w be hone/ly appli$ to promot+ ! increase & bett] di/ribution ( ^! v>i\s necess>ies ( a civiliz$ life2 9 %ort1 to promot+ ! g5]al well-be+ 9 s f> z ! exig5cies ( ! times p]mit4 ,i d n d5y t self-seek+ 9 rul]s has hi!rto ma9ly l$ to ! clev] hoodw9k+ ( ignorant con/itu5ts4 ,i m]ely ass]t t we h r\nd$ ! po9t ( ,cape ,dang] 9 t reg>d4 ,e /ep we take on democratic l9es1 e advance we make 9 educat+ ! p1 removes u fur!r f t dang] po9t4 ,moreov]1 ,i ass]t t ext5d+ ! ,p>liam5t>y fran*ise to wom5 ( e social class w equally "w = good4 ,! new altrui/ic or philan?ropic _s ( ! age has laid firm hold ( ! s-call$ educat$ wom5 ( to-day4 ,:5 public responsibility presses ^! wom5 to self-education 9 politics1 ! myriad inju/ices reveal$ w cause !m to turn f futile individuali/ *>ities & conc5trate _! en]gies on works ( real & la/+ social re=m4 ,we may confid5tly anticipate t ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t w become an excell5t in/rum5t ( ,democratic ,gov]nm5t :5 c]ta9 re=ms--t are already widely agitat$--h be5 c>ri$ out4 ,^! re=ms are t3 8,! ,h\se ( ,commons %\ld be fre$ f ! veto ( ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 & %\ld be ?r[n op5 to c&idates f all classes by a sy/em ( paym5t ( repres5tatives & a m rational me?od ( election40 7,see ,fabian ,tract ,no4 #gj47 ,!re are two l9es ( action c]ta9 to be pursu$ by a ,p>liam5t gr[+ ye>ly m democratic4 ,"o is ! l9e ( protection ( lab\r1 ! o!r is t ( an active s]vice ( ! p4 ,n[ ,/ate int]f]5ce ) trade--9 ! int]e/s ( work]s--is condemn$ by ! laissez-faire s*ool ( economi/s4 ,su* action is sc(f+ly t]m$ 8gr&mo!rly legislation40 ,x is deprecat$ z injuri\s to society z a :ole1 z an outrage on ! lib]ty ( ! ,briti% subject1 & an impi\s desecration ( ! capitali/ic feti%1 8,fre$om ( ,contract40 ,b :5 ! k ( facts proves t on "o side ?is s-call$ fre$om signifies fre$om ( *oice betwe5 dire />vation & ! di/a/eful t]ms ( an absolute ma/]1 surprise is n felt t intellig5t m5 pref] :at ! ignorant may reg>d z a species ( ,/ate bondage4 ,?is pref]5ce is a feature ( ! times cle>ly visible4 ,no d\bt1 :]e social equality reigns1 individual lib]ty is a noble atta9m5t2 b ) inequality 9 ! means ( life & ! fundam5tal conditions ( social happ9ess1 a ,/ate t is hone/ly /riv+ to re/ore ! balance is a v f\nt ( ju/ice4 ,! que/ ( ! work]s is n t ( individual lib]ty1 b ( a collective lib]ty1 embrac+ e man1 woman & *ild )9 ! ranks ( _! own ord]4 ,!re is no moral pr9ciple t condemns ,/ate int]f]5ce1 al?\gh we may admit t occasionally x has wr\ght evil in/ead ( good4 ,failures h be5 caus$ by ignorance alike 9 ! rul]s & ! rul$4 ,b z k ( ! real problem advances1 errors 9 gov]n+ w become less frequ5t1 & ! action ( ! ,/ate be m>k$ by a wise adaptation to human ne$s 9 view ( ! greate/ happ9ess possible4 ,/ate regulation is simply a matt] ( p[] & exp$i5cy4 ,at ! pres5t l[ /age ( civilization1 = j s long z ! rul+ p[] is ex]cis$ by a prop]ti$ m9ority1 x w prove injuri\s to ! majority2 b :5 ! p[] passes ov] to ! p ! evils f :i* ! majority suff]--9 s f> z !y are rem$iable by society--w be sl[ly & surely r$ress$4 ,our ,c\nty1 ,di/rict & ,p>i% ,c\ncils are important in/alm5ts ( democracy4 ,^! elect$ bodies1 ) _! increas+ p[]s1 are pot5t to make ( ! community an ev] l>g] & l>g] employ] ( lab\r1 until1 at ! w ( ! p1 all indu/ries become absorb$1 & ! collectivi/ sy/em ( lab\r organization is gradually e/abli%$4 ,x is evid5t t ! in/rum5ts ( a ?or\ghly democratic adm9i/ration are rapidly p]fect+ 9 ,great ,brita92 & :5 ! ideal ( socialism dom9ates ! national m9d1 ^! w pres5t a ready means ( realiz+ ! ideal 9 practice4 ,ignorance ( ! ideal leads _m m9ds into ! false assumption t ! rais+ ( wages1 & to d ?is ! impov]i%+ ( capitali/s1 is ! sociali/ic s9e qu non 9 ,/ate action4 ,b z ,mrs4 ,bosanquet expla9s3 8,9 our n9ete5? c5tury cry = high] wages we are apt to lose sight ( ! fact t _m ?+s are m important to ! work+-man ?an a few %ill+s add$ to 8 weekly income4 ,a good supply ( wat]1 well-pav$ & light$ /reets1 a m>ket 9 :i* he c always obta9 :olesome food1 & prop]ly gu>d$ sanit>y conditions1 w d m to raise 8 /&>d ( liv+ above t ( 8 ance/ors ?an any increase ( m]e money income4 ,) ^? he c lead a heal?y1 ord]ly life on comp>atively small wages2 )\t !m no rise 9 wages1 h[ev] desirable 9 itself1 w enable him to escape dang] & disease40 7,ri* & ,poor1 by ,mrs4 ,b]n>d ,bosanquet47 ,?is puts ! case = municipal socialism 9 a nut%ell4 ,no am\nt ( philan?ropy1 no am\nt ( individual action is likely to provide a p>i% ) a good wat] supply1 prop]ly pav$ & light$ /reets1 sanit>y dwell+s & a well-manag$ m>ket4 7,fabian ,news47 ,yet ^! are fundam5tal requisites ( g5]al well-be+1 & ano!r requisite = well-be+ & progress1 dep5d5t ^u ,/ate action1 is education ( ! p4 ,if ! p[] ( ! masses & _! indep5d5ce ( arbitr>y au?ority gr[ out ( accord ) _! real k ( ?+s1 disa/r\s & bloody revolutions become possible4 ,t 9 "s sort ! ,/ate mu/ educate ! masses is a pr9ciple already ackn[l$g$ & act$ ^u4 ,we "k1 too1 ) h[ little success6 ,b z ,gov]nm5t loses its evil *>act]i/ics & gr[s enlight5$1 our ,/ate education w be direct$ to new ends4 ,its aim w be to impress su* k on ! ris+ g5]ations z w prep>e !m = social life1 & in/ruct !m 9 ! means ( av]t+ mis]y & increas+ happ9ess4 ,x w educate !m 9 ! sci5ce ( society & true meliorism1 9 ! be/ me?ods = repress+ anti-social feel+s1 9 ! =mation ( noble ideals ( conduct1 & 9 t religion :i* unites mank9d 9 ! region ( ! he>t & makes ( _! union a liv+ & gr[+ social organism4 ,b :ile ?is is ! aim ( ,/ate education1 ! exact means adopt$ may v>y4 ,:]e p>5ts are sup]ior mu* may be left 9 _! h&s1 b inf]ior p>5ts c nev] be p]mitt$ to tra9 up *ildr5 9 inf]ior ways at ! risk ( l[]+ social purity & heal?4 ,i believe ! "t w arrive :5 ,gov]nm5t1 act+ on its "r ( =ce & exp$i5cy1 w take up & seque/rate ! small class ( social units :o1 defective by nature & evil conditions1 are unable to control ! injuri\s t5d5cy to propagate _! k9d4 ,?is degrad$ m9ority w be k9dly dealt ) & all[$ all lib]ty n inconsi/5t ) ! c>eful gu>d+ ( public safety4 ,! object to atta9 w\ld be simply ! putt+ an end to _! evil /ock4 ,9 ! matt] ( ,/ate education1 z well z 9 t ( ,/ate int]f]5ce ) trade1 objections are made on ! gr\nd ( inju/ice4 8,:y10 x is ask$1 8%\ld a man )\t *ildr5 be tax$ to educate ! *ildr5 ( o!rs8 ,is x n unju/ t ! e>n+s ( ! prud5t %\ld be tak5 to save ! imprud5t f ! consequ5ces ( _! own folly80 ,my answ] is t besides be+ exp$i5t1 x is n socially unju/ & ! argum5t re/s on ! fact t ! rew>ds ( life dep5d ^u ! economic conditions ( society mu* m ?an ^u individual ef=t or m]it4 ,! am\nt ( a man's income is det]m9$ by =ces n creat$ by ju/ice1 & ov] :i* he has no p]sonal control4 ,a clev] physician may comm& ! fee ( a gu9ea a visit4 ,let ano!r compet5t man appe> 9 ! neighb\rhood & *>ge half a gu9ea1 ! fir/ has to l[] 8 fee or lose 8 pati5ts1 & if he l[]s 8 fee1 ! sum ( ! incomes ( ! two physicians %>+ ! pati5ts betwe5 !m w be less ?an ! am\nt ( ! s+le income orig9ally d]iv$ f t s\rce4 ,a man's ga9s are :at ! competitive sy/em orda9$ by society p]mits him to seize1 :e!r he be work+ h>d or n at all4 ,)9 ^! non-moral conditions an appeal to ju/ice is irrelevant4 ,outside ! non-moral conditions1 :at ju/ice requires is t all m5 %\ld be socially equal 9 respect ( two ?+s1 viz4 lib]ty & ! ord9>y com=ts ( life4 ,if employ]s d n deem x unju/ to l[] wages1 nei!r %\ld !y deem x unju/ 7 ! ,/ate to l[] _! incomes to ! precise am\nt _! employs receive4 ,society has 9 ! pa/ arbitr>ily arrang$ conditions t fav\r ! few2 :y %\ld x n n[ arbitr>ily re>range ^! conditions fav\rably to ! _m8 ,if we take ! av]age am\nt ( all incomes to repres5t ! sum ea* work] might ju/ly receive1 we f9d t a numb] ( p h f> m ?an ?is sum4 ,! surplus repres5ts !n an 8une>n$ increm5t0 obta9$ by =ce ( circum/ance4 ,a /ill l>g] numb] ( p1 on ! o!r h&1 are :olly unable to w91 by any ef=t !y may make1 ! above av]age am\nt1 ev5 if !y "w h>d & well all _! lives4 ,is x n j & reasonable t ! m =tunate are requir$ to give up a portion ( _! 8une>n$ increm5t0 9 ord] t 9 ! int]e/s ( society ! *ildr5 ( ! less =tunate %\ld be educat$8 ,&1 aga91 ! improvid5t & immoral are nature's defective *ildr54 ,does n ! highe/ religion dem& t !y %\ld be t5d]ly dealt ) & sp>$--if t be possible--all ! tortures t nature unaid$ w\ld br+ ^u !m4 ,i believe t1 "u consci\s evolution1 ! ,/ate w become 9 its action m & m philan?ropic1 simply = ?is reason--its memb]s w become m & m humane & public-spirit$4 ,volunt>y & ,/ate ag5cy1 h[ev]1 w cont9ue to co-exi/4 ,ea* has its peculi> m]its & dem]its1 & ea* individual case to be dealt ) has its peculi> conditions4 ,sci5ce & exp]i5ce mu/ 9 ea* case !re=e decide :i* ag5cy applies be/4 ,!re is no =egone conclusion t "u ,/ate ,socialism all private indu/ries w collapse4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! sy/em is t no me?od ( indu/ry1 hurtful to society z a :ole1 may exi/1 & ! p[] ( ! ,/ate %all be rigor\sly us$ to protect ! int]e/s ( ! :ole1 z aga9/ conflict+ individual int]e/s4 ,ev5 n[ x is felt1 ?r\gh ! gr[+ democratic _s1 t = our public bodies to take advantage ( ! /ruggle = employm5t ( />v+1 h>d-press$ m5 & wom51 is a national disgrace4 ,x w soon be a po9t ( hon\r ) ! nation to fix a m9imum wage = public employs mu* above ! competitive rate4 ,"s ,c\nty ,c\ncils h already be5 mov$ to direct t work]s employ$ by !m1 or "u _! contracts1 %\ld be paid trade-union wages4 ,p>liam5t has 9 "s cases act$ simil>ly1 & :5 we rememb] t ,gov]nm5t at ?is mom5t is ! l>ge/ employ] ( lab\r 9 ! k+dom1 we realize t its example 9 giv+ wages det]m9$ m by equity ?an by competition w h a rais+ effect ^u wages 9 private employm5t4 ,!re is n any dang]1 h[ev]1 t ! movem5t ( tak+ ov] ! indu/ries ( ! c\ntry by ! ,/ate w /op %ort ( ! mo/ fav\rable po9t4 ,z ,i write ?is *apt]1 ! foll[+ p>agraph has appe>$ 9 a sociali/ j\rnal ( to-day3 8,x is propos$ to e/abli% a gigantic tru/ to control ! entire iron-produc+ int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is em95tly prop] f an economic view1 z x is a cle>ly demon/rat$ fact t production on a l>ge scale is *eap] ?an production on a small scale4 ,c>negie1 ,rockefell] & ,morgan1 propos]s ( ! iron tru/1 are1 f a c]ta9 /&po9t1 b5efactors ( ! race1 inasmu* z !y w demon/rate ! practicability ( ! co-op]ative idea on a national scale 9 production4 ,9 due "t ! p w recognize ! folly ( all[+ ^! m5 to reap ! :ole pr(its1 & ! sy/em w be readju/$40 ,ano!r important public ev5t 0 ! introduction into ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t ( an ,employ]'s ,liability ,bill4 8,?is ,bill proce$s10 said its introduc]1 8on ! pr9ciple t :5 a p]son = 8 own pr(it sets 9 motion ag5cies :i* create risks = o!rs1 he ought to be civilly responsible40 7,! ,scotsman ,report1 ,may #d1 #ahig47 ,n[ x goes )\t say+ t ! iron tru/1 & all tru/s & comm]cial r+s & monopolies1 create ! risk ( a disa/r\s rise ( prices to ! g5]al public1 & a consequ5t great] inequality ( weal? possession ?an ev5 t f :i* we are suff]+ acutely to-day4 ,a logical executive1 hold+ ! above pr9ciple1 w inevitably annex to ! ,/ate ^! huge outgr[?s ( ! competitive sy/em1 w keep d[n prices to ! level requir$ by ! g5]al int]e/s1 & apply pr(its to ! good ( all4 ,t ! "t is n f> di/ant :5 nationalization ( ! l& w take place1 appe>s f ! fact t _m o!rs besides sociali/s advocate ! measure4 ,b we mu/ n suppose t r5t w be abrogat$4 ,! ,/ate w impose a *>ge on ! f]tile & well situat$ l&s to create conditions t are fair n only to consum]s b to cultivators1 ^: lab\r 9 view ( a giv5 result mu/ v>y accord+ to ! sup]iority or inf]iority ( soils & situations4 ,di/rict ,c\ncils w 9 all probability organize agricultural lab\r1 ! ,/ate only draw+ a r5t2 :ile to pres5t own]s ( ! l& comp5sation w be made1 &1 if accu/om$ to "w on ! l&1 sal>i$ positions 9 ! new ord] (f]$4 ,! r5t exact$ by ! ,/ate may become ! s+le =m ( taxation necess>y = purposes ( adm9i/ration & = organiz$ lab\r engag$ on su* s]vice ( ! p z does n br+ 9 any pr(it4 ,b :5 r\t9e indu/ries be>+ on univ]sal ne$s belong to ! ,/ate1 pr(its w fl[ into ! national ex*equ]4 ,x w be possible to gradually increase ! ,/ate's paym5t = lab\r z ! work]s become m capable ( elevat+ _! /&>d ( life & consum+ wisely2 :ile ! surplus pr(its w be available = ! organiz+ ( new s]vices to be r5d]$ free4 ,! c>riage & di/ribution ( lett]s is a comp>atively long e/abli%$ ,/ate indu/ry4 ,! c>riage ( human be+s %\ld equally become s4 ,! ,/ate's tak+ ov] ( railways & ! municipalities' tak+ ov] ( tramways _c be mu* long] delay$4 ,bread bak+ & di/ribut+ by ,gov]nm5t employs is pre-em95tly desirable1 to put an end to adult]ation 9 a prim>y necess>y ( life & to prev5t ! wa/e ( en]gy :i* takes place 9 ! pres5t disorganiz$ sy/em4 ,already !re is su* a g5]al compla9t ( ! quality ( bak]s' bread1 t an approv$ me?od ( bak+ f pure fl\r "u ,/ate control w\ld be welcom$ by all :o p]ceive h[ ! racial blood is m or less poison$ & its vitality l[]$ by :at is call$ 8! /aff ( life40 7,a prolong$ process ( bak+ breaks up ! />* granules1 & r5d]s bread m dige/ible4 ,! extra exp5se & tr\ble precludes ! adoption ( ?is me?od by private bak]s47 ,aga91 ! heal? ( ! nation suff]s cruelly f poison g]ms c>ri$ 9 ! m$ium ( milk4 ,b :5 di/rict c\ncils h organiz$ agricultural lab\r1 dairy produce w be di/ribut$ "u /rict ,gov]nm5t control4 ,emulation w spr+ up among local au?orities all ov] ! c\ntry to excel "o ano!r 9 ! arts ( rapidly acquir+ & skilfully manag+ all indu/ries t affect g5]al heal?1 & ?us rais+ ! tide ( life )9 ! b\nds ( _! jurisdiction4 ,) ?is aim broadly accompli%$1 ! m9or indu/ries might safely be left = "s "t 9 private h&s & "u a competition modifi$ 9 a great] degree ?an n[ by ,/ate inspection = ! b5efit ( work]s & consum]s4 ,among s]vices to be made free to ! public1 ^? ( transit bulk l>gely & %\ld probably come fir/--free railway & /eam%ip s]vice1 free tramway & cable-c> s]vice1 to be foll[$ 9 "t by a m or less complete s]vice ( free ent]ta9m5ts calculat$ to develop art & promote a happy1 joy\s life4 ,if we ca/ our ?\ghts =w>d & try to realize ! action & int]action ( ^! alt]$ social conditions ^u society1 we c h>dly mi/ake ! nature ( ! *anges humanity itself w und]go4 ,) ! de/ruction ( ! frightful incubus ( pov]ty1 human he>ts w no long] be wrung by angui%1 bitt]ness1 despair4 ,) opportunity freely af=d$ = regul> employm5t & its ample rew>d1 = dec5t & :olesome liv+1 & a civic life bright5$ by _m pure pleasures1 ! degrad+ & false excitem5ts w cease to allure4 ,drunk5ness1 vice1 crime w greatly dim9i%4 ,in/ead ( ! desp]ate /ruggle = bread & all t app]ta9s to an animal life pure & simple1 a new /ruggle w arise--a b5ign1 inspir+ emulation to atta9 to & acquire ! noble qualities ( humanity1 ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics (1 n ! l[] animal1 b ! high] spiritual man4 ,respect+ ! =m ( gov]nm5t 9 a ,sociali/ic ,/ate1 ,i _c d bett] ?an quote ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,hobson3 8,a develop$ organic democracy w h evolv$ a specializ$ #8head1' an exp]t (ficial class1 :i* %all draft laws ^u in=mation t comes to !m f innum]able s\rces ?r\gh class & local repres5tation1 & %all adm9i/] ! gov]nm5t1 subject to prote/s simil>ly convey$40 8,! conditions ( a really effective exp]t (ficialism are two3 su* real equality ( educational opportunities z %all draw compet5t (ficials f ! :ole p2 & su* a gr[? ( public intellig5ce & consci5ce z %all e/abli% ! real f9al control ( gov]nm5t = society 9 its full organic /ructure40 7,contempor>y ,review1 ,febru>y1 #aijb47 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,physiological ,,aspects ,,( ,,! ,,subject ,! laws ( h]$ity con/itute ! mo/ important ag5cy :]eby ! vital =ces1 ! vig\r & s\ndness ( ! physical sy/em1 are *ang$ = bett] or worse4--,,na?an ,,all51 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,population ,! population "q is ! real riddle ( ! ,sph9x1 to :i* no political ,o$ipus has z yet f\nd ! answ]4 ,9 view ( ! ravages ( ! t]rible mon/] ov]-multiplication all o!r riddles s9k into insignificance4--,,huxley4 ,no human life c be ma9ta9$ )\t food1 & no heal?y individual life c be ma9ta9$ )\t good food 9 suffici5t quantity2 !re=e1 ! relation ( numb]s to ! actual food supply--9 o!r words1 ! ,population ,"q--/&s at ! ?re%old ( our social inquiries & at ! base ( all social re=m4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( la/ c5tury1 ,mal?us1 :o knew no?+ ( evolution1 exp\nd$ ! doctr9e t man t5ds to increase m rapidly ?an ! means ( subsi/5ce2 t population & food1 l two runn]s ( unequal swiftness *a9$ toge!r1 advance side by side1 b ! pace or natural rate ( increase ( ! =m] is s imm5sely sup]ior to t ( ! latt] t x is necess>ily greatly *eck$4 ,& ! *ecks are ( two k9ds4 ,!y are ei!r positive--t is1 dea?s occur f fam9e1 accid5t1 w> or disease1 & keep d[n ! population s t ! means ( subsi/5ce are j suffici5t to enable ! poor] classes b>ely to exi/2 or !y are prev5tive--t is1 few] bir?s take place ?an man is capable ( caus+4 ,?is doctr9e 0 a f]tile g]m ( ?\ght 9 ! m9d ( ,*>les ,d>w94 ,he1 :ile consci\s to "s ext5t ( ! process ( evolution1 0 grappl+ ) ! great problems ( diff]5tiation & g5esis ( species4 ,h[ came x t ! life :i* is assum$ to develop f l[ & simple to ! highe/ & mo/ complex =ms ev]y:]e exhibit$ breaks1 or sudd5 *anges1 9 ! app>5tly natural ord]8 ,d>w9 p]ceiv$ t a key to ! enigma lay 9 ! m>vell\s fecundity ( organisms4 ,ea* gr\p reproduc$ its k9d 9 ov]fl[+ numb]s1 & accid5tal conditions de/roy$ individuals & gr\ps t fail$ to secure suffici5t food or to protect !mselves f enemies4 ,"h 7 factors ( progress1 b factors by no means admirable--a murd]\s slaught] ( ! weak1 a frantic /ruggle = exi/5ce1 culm9at+ 9 viol5t dea? or sl[ />vation1 ultimately 9 ext9ction4 ,nev]!less1 ! m$al _h two sides1 = ! race is to ! swift1 ! battle to ! /rong2 bread is ! portion ( ! wise1 fav\r ! rew>d ( skill4 ,%\ld we feel surprise t 9 a semi-!ological & metaphysical era1 r ?an a sci5tific "o1 ,d>w9 =mulat$ 8 great discov]y 9 t]ms sugge/+ n a cruel1 b a b5efic5t ,nature8 ,8 law ( natural selection1 or survival ( ! fitte/1 e/abli%$ itself 9 _m m9ds z a sacr$ pr9ciple t man c\ld nei!r d5y nor seek to c\nt]act4 ,n[ ?is conception1 c>ri$ into ! field ( economics1 confus$ ! m9ds ( m5 engag$ 9 ! /udy ( facts & problems ( human life & progress4 ,political economi/s _h to contemplate a social /rife & /ruggle = exi/5ce among m5 z fi]ce & rel5tless z t hold+ sway 9 ! brute k+dom4 ,& 9 ?is /ruggle society z a :ole /ood on ! side ( ext]nal nature z oppos$ to ! mass ( /riv+ individuals4 ,a g5etic1 spontane\sly develop$ sy/em ( indu/ry fav\r$ a high bir?-rate t kept wages l[1 an unscrupul\s exploitation ( lab\r 9 ! int]e/s ( capital1 a :olesale slaught] ( infants1 a cru%+ out or trampl+ d[n ( ! weak1 & a p]petual gr9d+ ( ! face ( ! poor1 :ile1 simultane\sly1 weal? 0 multiply+ & capital becom+ conc5trat$ & easy ( control by ! s-call$ pr9ces ( indu/ry4 ,conditions ( life to ! great mass ( ! p 7 fraught ) con/ant mis]y2 yet1 s9ce ,d>w9 _h demon/rat$--9 8 ,orig9 ( ,species1 publi%$ 9 #aheh--t a /ruggle = exi/5ce ev5tuates 9 ! survival ( ! fitte/1 enlight5$ ?9k]s1 ) a few r>e exceptions1 accept$ ! cruel facts ( indu/rial life )\t any consci\s moral revolt f ! sy/em4 8,laissez-faire0 0 ! logical outcome ( ,d>w9ian law appli$ to human affairs1 & ,d>w9's au?ority dom9at$ ! public m9d ( ! p]iod4 ,*ri/ianity 0 tea*+ ! pr9ciple t ! poor w\ld be ) u always2 a poet *e]fully sang 8,god's 9 ,8 ,heav52 ,all's "r ) ! _w2 ,all's love & all's law10 & political economi/s exp\nd$ ! laws ( dem& & supply1 ( r5t1 ( wages1 ( pr(its1 ( int]e/1 etc41 )\t "o h9t or surmise t man himself 0 b\nd to int]f]e ) ! action ( d]ivative laws1 to modify or ev5 annul !m4 ,mean:ile an in/9ct ( sympa?y1 rudim5t>y 9 primitive man1 0 /eadily gr[+ & /r5g!n+ dur+ all ! transitions ( tribal1 village-communal1 feudal & national life1 9 ! /ormy militant epo*1 till ! mom5t arriv$ :5 x compell$ man's int]f]5ce4 ,spontane\sly1 impulsively1 individual philan?ropy int]pos$ betwe5 a suff]+ humanity on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r ext]nal nature & a social sy/em t 7 alike rel5tless4 ,x support$ ! weak & help$ ! unfit to survive4 ,x delib]ately select$ ! half-/>v$1 ! diseas$1 ! crim9als1 & enabl$ !m to exi/ & propagate4 ,f9ally x =c$ society to make laws subv]sive ( ! policy ( 8laissez-faire10 !reby introduc+ a new ord] ( ?+s1 irrespective ( all doctr9aire pr9ciples or au?oritative tea*+4 ,t new ord] ( ?+s is socialism1 & ! g5esis ( socialism is di/9ctly to be trac$ to ! vital elem5t 9 human nature--unselfi% sympa?y4 ,! rise & progress ( philan?ropic action c>ries mom5t\s issues 9 v>i\s directions1 bo? unfav\rable & fav\rable to human welf>e4 ,x has made ! law ( natural selection & survival ( ! fitte/ obsolete = u z appli$ to man4 ,x t5ds to a l[]+ ( ! level ( av]age heal? & a gradual deg5]at+ ( ! race ?r\gh selection ( ! unfit1 & ?r\gh ! p[] ( h]$it>y transmission4 ,x c\nt]acts ! positive or de/ructive *ecks to ! increase ( population1 & !reby ext5ds ! area ( g5]al mis]y4 ,nev]!less1 at ! same "t1 x increases ! /r5g? & ! solid>ity ( human society1 & becomes a new law ( life4 ,t law may be call$ 8,sympa!tic ,selection0 & 8,survival ( ! ,g5tle40 ,d>w9 9 #ahgh ackn[l$g$ its exi/5ce4 ,he recogniz$ x z a law 9 human society sup]s$+ t ( ,natural ,selection & ,survival ( ! ,fitte/4 ,9 #ahja ! population ( ,engl& & ,wales 0 #h1hib1ecf1 or let u say ab\t n9e millions4 ,eighty ye>s lat] x _h ris5 to ab\t tw5ty-six millions6 ,! increase %[$ an accel]at$ rate accord+ to ! c5sus returns4 ,:]eas 9 ! t5 ye>s betwe5 #ahda & #ahea ! p]c5tage ( increase 0 #abfe1 9 ^? f #ahfa to #ahga x 0 #acai1 & betwe5 #ahga & #ahha x 0 #adcd4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom 9 #aijj !re has be5 an increase ( #ah p] c5t4 s9ce #ahhj4 ,n[ ,mal?us _h po9t$ out t ) conditions ( life comp>atively fav\rable1 & an increase ( food supply comp>atively easy1 population 0 f\nd to d\ble itself 9 tw5ty-five ye>s or less4 ,our numb]s dur+ ^! eighty ye>s _h be51 r\ghly speak+1 trebl$6 & ! increase took place "u conditions n fav\rable b unfav\rable to ! bulk ( ! nation4 ,manufactur+ indu/ries _h enabl$ u to pur*ase food f abroad1 & consequ5tly a l>g] numb] ( *ildr5 surviv$4 ,food1 h[ev]1 _c always be =?com+ 9 great] & great] abundance f c\ntries t ne$ m & m ( _! own food supply1 & :i*1 by manufactur+ = !mselves1 are gradually r$uc+ _! dem& = our manufactur$ commodities4 ,not)/&+ ?is pat5t fact1 !re are social re=m]s to-day :o p]si/ 9 ignor+ ! population difficulty1 & !re are ?9k]s :o1 bas+ _! views on ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s dictum t 8man's f]tility w be *eck$ by 8 individuation10 pass x ov] lightly4 ,g5]ally speak+1 h[ev]1 ! public consci5ce is n[ ar\s$1 & enlight5$ m5 & wom5 are tol]ably well alive to ! fundam5tal nature & ! grave importance ( ! population "q4 8,9 "s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica10 says an able writ]1 8population has actually d\bl$ itself1 ap>t f immigration1 9 tw5ty-five ye>s2 & ?is 9 ! face ( ! ord9>y ret>d+ influ5ces4 ,if su* a rate ( increase ^u ! pres5t population ( ! :ole globe 7 to prevail = only #bej ye>s1 !re w\ld be left b "o squ>e y>d ( /&+ room = ea* individual40 ,aga93 8,if we grant t a sci5tific treatm5t ( crops w\ld enable food supplies to keep pace ) population1 & = ?is purpose suppos+ t all ! l& 9 ! planet ,jupit] 7 available = a m>ket g>d51 x w\ld n ultimately be want ( food b want ( room t w\ld put a /op to ! increase ( ! multitude40 ,b fur!r1 ! above au?or--a ma!matician--exam9es :at ! pot5tiality ( increase repres5ts on ! supposition t ea* individual m]ely di$ ! natural dea? ( old age4 8,"u su* fav\rable conditions z ! abs5ce ( w>1 fam9e & disease1 ! race might treble its numb]s 9 ?irty ye>s4 ,to %[ ! significance ( ! num]ical law1 let u imag9e x to op]ate undi/urb$ #c1jjj ye>s ^u ! prog5y ( a s+le pair4 ,! numb] ( human be+s f9ally exi/+ w\ld be express$ by twice ! #ajj? p[] ( #c4 ,an easy computation w %[ t if ^! p 7 pack$ toge!r1 all[+ six cubic feet ( space = ea* p]son1 !y w\ld fill up ! :ole sol> sy/em 9 e direction1 & ext5d beyond x to a di/ance #dcj times t ( ! planet ,neptune4 ,9 fact1 a solid sph]e ( human be+s w\ld be =m$ hav+ a diamet] ( #b1djj1jjj1jjj1jjj miles4 ,su* consid]ations lead u to realize ! absolute inevitabl5ess ( ,nature's *ecks ^u reproduction40 7,social ,evolution & ! ,evolution ( ,socialism1 by ,george ,%oobridge ,c>r1 ,m4,a41 ,cantab47 ,turn+ n[ f sci5tific speculation to recogniz$ au?ority 9 practical politics1 let me quote f a pap] read at ! ,regi/r>-,g5]al's (fice on ,m>* #ah1 #ahij1 by ,dr4 ,william ,ogle1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,/ati/ics3 8,! population ( ,engl& & ,wales is1 z we all "k1 gr[+ 9 a mo/ =midable mann]1 & ?\gh p]sons may diff] 9 _! e/imates ( ! "t :5 t gr[? w h rea*$ its p]missible limits1 no "o c d\bt t1 if ! pres5t rate ( increase be ma9ta9$1 ! date ( t ev5t _c possibly be v remote40 ,premis+ t ! rate ( increase is n due to ! bir?-rate only1 b also to a fall 9 ! dea?-rate1 & t volunt>y philan?ropy & ,/ate int]f]5ce influ5ce ! latt]1 we pass to ! consid]ation ( conditions t affect ! m>riage-rate--consequ5tly ! bir?-rate--9 ! artisan & lab\r+ classes1 compos+ ! bulk ( ! nation4 ,! ,regi/r>-,g5]al1 9 8 report = ! ye> #ahgf1 wrote z foll[s3 8,! /ate ( trade & national indu/ry is /rik+ly exhibit$ 9 ! fluctuations ( ! m>riage-rate ( ! la/ n9e ye>s4444 ,! p]iod ( comm]cial di/ress1 :i* began ab\t ! middle ( #ahff & cont9u$ dur+ five ye>s 444 influ5c$ ! m>riage-rates ( ^! ye>s1 :i* 7 #age1 #afe1 #afa1 #aei1 #afa & #afg 79 ! #a1jjj7 respectively4 ,9 #ahgb & #ahgc ! work+ classes became excit$ "u ! rapid advance ( wages & ! dim9ution ( ! h\rs ( lab\r1 & ! m>riage-rates rose to #age & #agf respectively40 ,9 8 report = #ahha ! ,regi/r>-,g5]al aga9 acc5tuat$ ?is important po9t3 8,! m>riage-rate reflects ) mu* accuracy ! condition ( public welf>e40 ,& fur!r on3 8,! bir?-rate 0 at its maximum 9 #ahgf1 & fell un9t]rupt$ly f t date ye> by ye> 9 natural accordance ) ! correspond+ decl9e 9 ! m>riage-rate40 ,^! ye>s repres5t$ ano!r p]iod ( comm]cial depression4 ,we h "h !n incontrov]tible pro( ( ! national t5d5cy4 ,! mass ( our p increase _! numb]s s soon z !y are m com=table1 & ! m>riage-rate = ea* ye> may be call$ ! pulse or indicator ( ! nation's economic well-be+4 ,its fluctuations co9cide ) ! upw>d & d[nw>d movem5ts ( comm]cial activity4 ,9 ?is connexion we h also to note t ! mo/ rapid gr[? ( our population is tak+ place 9 ! great indu/rial c5tres1 ! m9+1 manufactur+ & trad+ di/ricts2 & ! type t !re prevails is necess>ily affect+ ! ,briti% race4 ,by ! ,p>liam5t>y return ( m>riages1 bir?s & dea?s regi/]$ 9 ,engl& & ,wales 9 ! ye> #ahha1 x appe>$ t 9 diff]5t di/ricts ! p]c5tages ( m>riages v>i$ consid]ably4 ,x 0 great] 9 ! m9+1 manufactur+ & trad+ di/ricts ?an 9 ! f>m+ di/ricts1 & mu* high] 9 ,london ?an 9 ! prov9ces4 ,9 ! di/rict compris+ ,h]t=d1 ,buck+ham1 ,ox=d1 ,b$=d1 ,cambridge1 ! rate equall$ twelve p]sons p] annum = ea* ?\s& ( ! population4 ,9 ,london x 0 eighte5 p]sons = ea* ?\s&1 & 9 ! divisions :i* comprise ,york%ire & ,lanca%ire ! rate 0 sixte5 & sev5te5 p]sons to ea* ?\s&4 ,z reg>ds bir?s1 ! proportions /at$ 7 some:at simil>4 ,9 ,london !re 7 ?irty-five bir?s to "o ?\s& ( ! population1 :il/ 9 ! s\!a/]n division !re 7 only ?irty-"o2 b ! rate rose aga9 to ?irty-five & ?irty-six 9 ! great manufactur+ di/ricts ( ! ,midl&s & ! ,nor?4 ,dr4 ,ogle's exam9ation ( /ati/ics on ! subject %[s t ?is /ate ( ?+s has cont9u$1 9 its ma9 features1 up to ! pres5t day4 8,m5 m>ry10 he says1 89 great] numb]s :5 trade is brisk4 ,! fluctuations 9 ! m>riage-rate foll[ ! fluctuations 9 ! am\nt ( indu/rial employm5t40 8,! rates v>y v greatly 9 ! diff]5t regi/ration c\nties40 8,9 ,london ! rate is inv>iably high4 ,almo/ all ! c\nties 9 :i* ! m>riage-rate is high are c\nties 9 :i* ! population is also high ( wom5 engag$ 9 indu/rial occupations1 & !re=e presumably 9 receipt ( indep5d5t wages1 :ile all ! c\nties 9 :i* ! m>riage-rate is v l[ are also c\nties 9 :i* b a v small population ( ! wom5 are indu/rially occupi$40 ,! g5]al drift ( ! figures leads to ! conclusion t e>ly m>riage is mo/ common :]e !re is ! l>ge/ am\nt ( employm5t = wom54 ,! age at :i* m>riage takes place is exam9$ by ,dr4 ,ogle z 8a subject ( sc>cely less importance ?an ! rate 9 its be>+ ^u ! gr[? ( ! population40 ,& ! po9t is ( special int]e/ 9 view ( ! fact t delay$ m>riage 0 valu$ by ,mal?us z a desirable prev5tive *eck4 ,dr4 ,ogle f9ds t ! l[e/ av]age age at m>riage = bo? ba*elors & sp9/]s1 viz41 #bef & #bdb respectively1 0 9 #ahgc1 ! ye> 9 :i* ! m>riage-rate 0 highe/2 & f t date to ! pres5t "t ! ages h gone up gradually b progressively 9 h>mony ) ! g5]al decl9e 9 ! m>riage-rate4 ,9 #ahhh ! av]age age ( ba*elors at m>riage 0 #bfc ye>s1 & ( sp9/]s 0 #bdg4 ,obs]ve ( late ye>s !re has be5 a slight decl9e ( ! m>riage-rate & a c]ta9 ret>dation ( m>riage1 consequ5tly ! bir?-rate has fall51 b says ,dr4 ,ogle1 8s also has ! dea?-rate1 & almo/ 9 equal am\nt2 s t ! balance betwe5 ! two1 or natural increm5t ( ! population1 has practically sc>cely *ang$4 ,we may10 he obs]ves1 8dismiss altoge!r ! notion t any adequate *eck to ! increase ( population is h]eaft] to be f\nd 9 ret>dation ( m>riage4 ,su* ret>dation may def] ! day :5 a /ation>y population w be necess>y1 b1 :5 t day has come1 w be insuffici5t to prev5t fur!r gr[?4 ,if a /ation>y population is to be obta9$ by simple dim9ution ( ! m>riage-rate1 t rate w\ld h to be r$uc$ #de p] c5t4 bel[ ! l[e/ po9t x has ev] yet rea*$4 ,9 %ort1 almo/ "o-half ( ^? :o m>ry w\ld h to rema9 p]man5tly celibate4 ,?is seems z hopeless a rem$y z ! ret>dation40 ,he makes cle>] /ill ?is important matt]3 8,if "o-qu>t] ( ! wom5 :o n[ m>ry 7 to rema9 p]man5tly celibate1 & ! rema9+ ?ree-qu>t]s 7 to ret>d _! m>riages = five ye>s1 ! bir?-rate w\ld be r$uc$ to ! level ( ! pres5t dea?-rate4 ,x is manife/ t if ! gr[? ( population is h]eaft] to be arre/$ 444 by increase ( p]man5t celibacy1 or by ret>dation ( m>riage1 ^! rem$ies w h to be appli$ on a scale s enorm\sly 9 excess ( any exp]i5ce z to am\nt to a social revolution40 ,:at1 !n1 is ! pres5t position8 ,population t5ds to increase fa/] ?an actual subsi/5ce4 ,obvi\sly x _c outrun ! supply ( food because p _c live ^u no?+4 ,!re ensues !re=e a /ate ( *ronic />vation among ! mo/ helpless1 & premature dea?s keep population r$uc$ to ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,let u glance at facts conc]n+ ,london alone4 ,london n[ conta9s ov] #d1cjj1jjj p]sons4 ,?ree hundr$ ?\s& ( ^! e>n less ?an #ahs4 p] week p] family1 & live 9 a *ronic /ate ( want4 ,"o p]son 9 e five w die 9 ! workh\se1 hospital1 or lunatic asylum4 ,moreov]1 ! p]c5tage is increas+4 ,consid]+ t comp>atively few ( ! dea?s are ^? ( *ildr51 x is probable t "o ( e f\r ,london adults w be driv5 into ^! refuges to die4 ,"o 9 e elev5 ( ! :ole population is a paup]4 ,"o 9 e five ( p]sons ov] #fe is a paup]4 ,! appall+ /ati/ics ( ! paup]ism ( ! ag$ are c>efully conceal$ 9 all (ficial returns4 ,9 #ahhe ,canon ,blackley f\nd t #dbg p] c5t4 ( dea?s ( p]sons ov] #fj 9 tw5ty-five rural p>i%es 7 ^? ( paup]s4 ,v _m *ildr5 9 ! ,bo>d ,s*ools g to s*ool )\t suffici5t food unless suppli$ gratuit\sly4 ,ov] #cj1jjj p]sons 9 ,london h no home b ! f\rp5ny 8doss-h\se0 or ! causal w>d4 7,fabian ,tracts1 ,nos4 #aj & #ag47 ,! dea?-rate ( *ildr5 9 ! poore/ di/ricts ( ! ,ea/ ,end ( ,london is ?ree times z great z among ! ri* at ! ,we/ ,end4 ,9 b>b>\s ages ! dea?-rate 01 z f> z we c le>n1 f> high] ?an n[1 & ev5 n[ ! dea?-rate ( *ildr5 9 ,russia is extremely high4 ,we h little cause to rejoice 9 ! abs5ce ( fam9e1 pe/il5ce & w> s long z ! l[]+ ( ! dea?-rate--by sanitation1 ! hospital sy/em & ! outcome g5]ally ( sympa!tic feel+--increases ! proportion ( human be+s 9 a /ate ( *ronic want1 & produces a gradual enfeeblem5t & det]ioration ( ! human race4 ,yet x is inconceivable t rationaliz$ man c\ld )hold 8 ef=ts to r$uce ! dea?-rate 9 ! future because ( ! fatal effects ( 8 philan?ropic action 9 ! pa/4 ,d>w9 ackn[l$g$ ?is dilemma4 ,9 ! ye> #ahgh he some:at sadly wrote3 8,! evils t w\ld foll[ by *eck+ b5evol5ce & sympa?y 9 n fo/]+ ! weak & diseas$ w\ld be great] ?an by all[+ !m to survive & procreate40 ,t5 ye>s lat] ,pr(essor ,huxley wrote3 8,s long z unlimit$ multiplication goes on1 no social organization :i* has ev] be5 devis$1 no fiddle-faddl+ ) ! di/ribution ( weal?1 w deliv] society f ! t5d5cy to be de/roy$ by ! reproduction )9 itself 9 its int5se/ =m ( t /ruggle = exi/5ce1 ! limitation ( :i* is ! object ( society40 7,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,febru>y1 #ahhh47 ,fur!r ?an ?is he did n g2 ,huxley1 l ,d>w91 br+s u up to ! dilemma & leaves u !re4 ,n su*1 h[ev]1 is ! position ( all sci5tific m5 9 ! pres5t day4 8,we /& on ! ?re%old ( a new dep>ture 9 social evolution10 says ! au?or already quot$1 8a new & pot5t factor 9 ! process is ab\t to make itself felt4 ,?is factor is man's intellect4444 ,! intellig5ce ( man w act intellig5tly2 population w n be subject$ to m]e haphaz>d re/riction2 x w be regulat$ ) a wise adaptation ( means to an end40 7,social ,evolution & ! ,evolution ( ,socialism1 ,g4 ,s4 ,c>r1 pp4 #fe1 #ff47 ,man's intellig5ce already p]ceives ! "r policy to pursue4 ,x is to l[] ! bir?-rate1 to limit bir?s to a proportion con=mable ) ! food supply2 9 o!r words1 to create a pa9less1 in/ead ( a pa9ful1 equalization ( bir?s & dea?s4 ,is !re any o!r means ( escape f ! exi/5t dilemma8 ,i answ]1 !re is none4 ,emigration has sometimes be5 reg>d$ z an effici5t *eck to ov]-population1 & ,dr4 ,ogle all[s t 8hi!rto "s ( ! excess ( bir?s ov] dea?s has be5 met by emigration1 or r by excess ( emigration ov] immigration2 b nev] on su* a scale z to free ! c\ntry f m ?an "o-tw5tie? "p ( its r$undant gr[?40 ,moreov]1 ?is m9imum ( good is c\nt]balanc$ by evil1 = emigration 8c>ries (f ! m vigor\s & ent]pris+ ( our work+ m5 to ! necess>y det]ioration ( ! residue left at home40 ,& fur!r3 8,! facilities = successful emigration are ye>ly dim9i%+2 ! "t mu/ inevitably come--soon] or lat]--:5 ?is means ( r$uc+ our population w altoge!r fail u40 ,9 view ( ! obvi\s t5d5cy ( bett] conditions--:5 br\ght ab\t--to create a r$uction ( ! dea?-rate & an accel]ation ( ! bir?-rate1 ev5tuat+ 9 an increase ( g5]al mis]y1 nei!r ,mal?us1 ,d>w91 ,huxley1 nor any o!r great tea*] ( ! pa/1 has giv5 u applicable & available c\nsel4 ,!re only rema9s = u n[ to consid] ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s op9ion reg>d+ ?is all-important matt]4 ,he is cr$it$ ) ! demon/ration ( a law ( population wid] ?an ! laws disc]n$ by ,mal?us & ,d>w94 ,! law is ?is3 8,o!r ?+s equal1 multiplication & individuation v>y inv]sely1 i4e4 ! rate ( reproduction ( all liv+ ?+s becomes l[]$ z ! developm5t is rais$1 & conv]sely40 7,lecture on 8,claims ( ,lab\r10 ,ed941 #ahhf1 ,patrick ,g$des47 ,we h to d ) ?is s-call$ law 9 respect only ( its be>+ on practical action4 ,! coroll>y d$uc$ f x is3 ,individuate1 educate & ref9e y\r masses1 = ! rate ( increase w fall z organisms rise 9 ! scale ( culture4 ,n[ :at are our prospects ( any rapid advance 9 individuation 7developm5t & culture7 among ! see?+ masses ( a p :o are helpless & frightfully ov]cr[d$ by ! action ( ! v law :i* individuation is to c\nt]act8 ,9 h[ long a p]iod w ! process be likely to take effect8 ,x is on ! answ] to ^! que/ions t ! wor? ( ! pr9ciple z a law ( practical guidance = humanity mu/ dep5d4 ,accept+ x z a fact t 9 ! families ( our high] classes ! av]age numb] is di/9ctly small] ?an 9 ! families ( our l[] classes1 let u look = a mom5t at "s ( ! causes creat+ ?is diff]5ce4 ,fir/1 9 ! high] classes m5 may h mi/resses ^: *ildr5 are unackn[l$g$2 & frequ5tly !y =m ! m>riage tie ) heiresses ^: h]$it>y t5d5cy is necess>ily--z exp\nd$ by ,francis ,galton--t[>ds /]ility4 ,second1 wom5 ( ! high] classes are (t5 delicate4 ,!y _c support ! /ra9 ( frequ5t mat]nity4 ,is ?is a condition t1 9 an advanc+ civilization1 w p]si/8 ,by no means4 ,! ideal ( womanhood1 z ( manhood1 po9ts to /r5g?1 n weakness--8a comb9ation ( bra9 p[] & skill ) bodily heal? & vig\r4 ,_m intellectual m5 are physically robu/ & capable 9 a polygam\s /ate ( patri>*al propagation40 7,ov]-population1 ,john ,m4 ,rob]tson47 ,& x is impossible to d\bt t a rational education1 embrac+ free play to activities hi!rto d5i$ to ! sex1 & promot+ physical developm5t1 w lift wom5 to a sup]ior level ( heal? & ( physiological capacity4 ,?ird1 ! high] classes avail !mselves to "s ext5t ( neo-,mal?usian prev5tive *ecks1 :]eas ! mass ( ! p are ei!r ignorant ( !m or oppos$ to _! use4 ,f\r?1 en=c$ celibacy 9 ! case ( a l>ge proportion ( wom5 ( ! cultur$ classes is a cause ( relatively few] numb]s4 ,obvi\sly x is f ! 8w>r5s ( ! poor0 t prolific life p]si/5tly spr+s4 ,!re we h ! highe/ rate ( g5esis2 & z ! ref9$ re/ra9 propagation & limit _! numb]s1 ! poor ent] ! brea* & fill up ! ranks f _! own inf]ior /ock4 ,n[1 m>k ! result4 ,! individuat+ process is *eck$1 & ultimately fails1 ?r\gh ! cr[d+ out ( ! individuat$4 ,:at occurs1 naturally1 inevitably1 by ! action ( ! process is a gradual subsid5ce1 f9ally a limit+ ( ! individuat+ factor1 ! v social =ce to :i* ,h]b]t ,sp5c] directs att5tion6 ,surely x suffices to po9t out 8t no !ory ( ! ultimate effects ( m]e ref9em5t on rate ( increase c give u help :ile n9e-t5?s ( ! human race are n ref9$1 & n visibly 9 ! way ( becom+ s40 7,ov]-population1 ,john ,m4 ,rob]tson47 ,we are compell$ to dismiss ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s 8law ( population0 z irrelevant to ! situation1 & to decl>e t he has no m solv$ ! riddle ( ! ,sph9x ?an h ,mal?us1 ,d>w9 & ,huxley4 ,! population problem1 z x faces u to-day1 is s]i\s beyond all comp>ison4 ,x is impossible to ov]-e/imate ! importance ( f9d+ its true solution4 ,b :ile ?\s&s ( m5 & wom5 are ready n[ to admit ! s]i\sness1 n[h]e z yet has a movem5t appe>$ ( unit$ action applicable & adequate to ! exig5cy4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,sex ,h[ glori\s w be ! awak5+ :5 man's desires w be hon\r$1 8 passions utiliz$1 8 lab\r exalt$1 :il/ life is lov$1 & ev] & ev] creates love afre%4--,,zola4 ,! ,law ( ,population d]ives its =ce f an innate1 p[]ful in/9ct or passion 9 man1 ! ungu>d$ ex]cise ( :i* br+s ab\t reproduction ( ! species4 ,! ?+ !re=e ( greate/ importance to g5]al well-be+ is ! discov]y ( means :]eby to prev5t ?is imp]i\s in/9ct dom9at+ & controll+ ! reproductive conditions--:i* imp]atively ne$ to be gov]n$ by reason & moral s5se4 ,! sexual in/9ct1 irresponsibly ex]cis$1 keeps population up to ! m>g9 ( ! means ( subsi/5ce--:atev] t may be at ! "t--p]petuates disease1 con/itutional weakness & inh]it$ ta9t1 & fru/rates ! community's be/ ef=ts to make life easi] & happi] to all4 ,my imm$iate purpose is to %[ t ! prev5tion ( all ?is evil is possible1 = rational man may sl[ly & surely guide ! above vital in/9ct into a new c\rse--a c\rse t w lead to ! r$emption ( 8 physical nature1 ! purify+ & elevat+ ( 8 intellectual & emotional nature1 & ! direct creation ( social virtue & happ9ess4 ,i mu/ fir/ po9t out ! ob/acles /&+ 9 ! way ( ?is fundam5tal f>-rea*+ readju/m5t4 ,!re is a fatal ignorance ( ! true nature ( ! in/9ct 9 "q1 !re is an ob/9ate prejudice t prev5ts frank discussion ( ! subject1 !re is ,puritan or ascetic feel+ t %uns pleasure z evil1 & !re is an optimi/ic fatalism :i*1 bas+ itself on ,d>w9ian law--already sup]s$$ by man's int]f]5ce--p]si/s 9 ! laissez-faire policy1 h[ev] suicidal4 ,sexual relations =m ! backgr\nd ( human life & are ! prim>y s\rces ( our f9e/ emotions4 ,!re=e ! in/9ct t prompts to sex-union ought to hold a supremely hon\rable place 9 public e/imation1 & be c>efully gu>d$ f reproa* & e hurtful or degrad+ condition4 ,?is great factor 9 physical & emotional life /&s1 at pres5t1 9 disgrace4 ,x is ignom9i\sly repress$1 x produces he>t-r5d+ mis]y & unmitigat$ evil4 ,publicly & 9 curr5t lit]ature1 ei!r x is ignor$ 7hypocritically7 or misjudg$ & condemn$2 & all ! "t privately x is int5sely felt2 & 9 e direction ?r\gh\t society its lic5ti\s1 furtive indulg5ce swirls into ! vici\s circles ( de/ruction1 ! brok5 he>ts & lives ( wom51 ! fall5 dignity & besmir*$ consci5ces ( m54 ,if we look at ! matt] ( sexual int]c\rse calmly & 9 ! light ( pure reason alone1 we mu/ p]ceive t its intr9sic qualities are good1 n evil4 ,x creates happ9ess 9 ! giv+ & receiv+ ( pleasure1 & ! physiological exaltation connect$ ) pleasure promotes individual heal? & buoyancy4 ,to quote ,h]b]t ,sp5c]3 8,pleasure increases vitality & raises ! tide ( life40 ,if man 8eats & dr9ks immod]ately10 said ,w4 ,r4 ,greg1 8nature puni%es him ) dyspepsia & disease2 b nature nev] =bids him to eat :5 he is hungry & to dr9k :5 he is ?ir/y1 provid$ he does s ) discretion4 ,inde$1 %e puni%es him equally if he ab/a9s1 z if he exce$s40 ,mr4 ,greg fur!r %[$ t ! action ( nature is precisely simil> 9 respect ( ! sexual function4 ,if man indulges to excess1 he is puni%$ by premature exhau/ion1 ) appropriate maladies1 n o!rwise h[ev]4 ,on ! contr>y1 en=c$ & total ab/95ce is puni%$ (t51 if n habitually1 by 8n]v\s di/urbance & suff]+ & by functional disord]40 7,enigmas ( ,life1 ,*apt] ,,ii47 ,obs]ve also ! sexual desire 8is ! especial "o ( all our animal wants :i* is r$eem$ f animalism by be+ bl5d$ ) our /ronge/ & lea/ selfi% affections2 :i* is ennobl$ by its associations 9 a way 9 :i* ! appetites ( eat+ & dr9k+ & sleep+ c nev] be ennobl$ 9 a degree to :i* ! pleasures ( ! eye & e> c be ennobl$ only by assidu\s & l(ty culture40 7,enigmas ( ,life4 ,w4 ,r4 ,greg1 p4 #ga47 ,we h no fa/idi\s recoil f eat+ & dr9k+ because ^! are m]ely animal functions4 ,we take pa9s to improve our me?ods ( prep>+ food1 & we embelli% our repa/s ) sup]-s5sual surr\nd+s 9 ord] to elevate ! nutritive functions & free !m f grossness or brutality4 ,! fundam5tally animal nature ( sexual passion does n imply brutality1 x is sociable to a f> great] degree ?an eat+ or dr9k+1 & ?is elem5t ( sociality purifies & ennobles1 caus+ ! function to become ! basis ( t5d] unselfi% love4 ,9 its physiological aspect we may re/ assur$ t ! av]age normal human be+ has z little inh]5t t5d5cy to sexual excess z to gluttony or drunk5ness4 ,b ap>t f ! "q ( excess1 an attitude ( m9d t[>ds ! :ole subject is common :i* mu/ be condemn$4 ,?is attitude consi/s ( an elem5t ( %ame1 misnam$ delicacy1 & a s5se ( moral sup]iority4 ,wom5 *iefly *]i% ! feel+1 b m5 pay homage to x1 ) ! result t 9 no fri5dly communion ( m5 & wom5 does x seem compatible ) good ta/e to discuss que/ions ( sex4 ,all vulg> allusions to love1 all flippant talk on ! subject ( sex are di/9ctly contr>y to good ta/e1 !y di%on\r human nature1 b ,i submit t x is an outrage on common s5se1 & an immoral action1 :5 /ud5ts ( ! ,population--or any o!r grave social "q--all[ ?is spuri\s delicacy to int]f]e ) _! fac+ ! :ole facts ( life1 or to bias judgm5t 9 reason+ f ! facts4 ,on ! publication ( my previ\s volume1 ,sci5tific ,meliorism & ! ,evolution ( ,happ9ess1 9 #ahhe1 a woman ( sup]ior intellect & atta9m5ts review$ ! book4 ,"o passage 9 h] criticism /&s ?us3 8,a c]ta9 in/9ct t 9 su* matt]s ! in/9ct ( reprobation is z heal?y z x is sup]ficially unreasonable1 may make "o sick5 at ! sugge/ions ( neo-,mal?usianism40 7,! ,academy ( ,may #ae?1 #ahhf47 ,su* squeami%ness is no indication ( heal? or good ta/e4 ,its unreasonabl5ess condemns x1 & ! s\rce f :i* x spr+s is prejudice induc$ ?r\gh specific conditions4 ,! review] appe>s to suspect z mu*1 =1 lat] %e rem>ks3 8,"o _c put d[n ! book )\t a greatly increas$ s5se ( ! supreme necessity ( criticiz+ all e/abli%$ !ories & in/itutions & ( ! supreme duty ( refra9+ f precipitate action40 ,?is is a s5tim5t "o c endorse1 & ,i appeal to all my read]s1 especially to wom51 to refra9 f =m+ any judgm5t on any "p ( ?is difficult1 all-important problem1 until !y h ma/]$ ! subject 9 all its aspects4 ,to pursue ! opposite c\rse is to act irrationally & immorally4 ,x causes to spr+ up 9 o!r m9ds ! prejudice :i* di/orts & disguises tru?4 ,9 nutritive functions1 all repulsive animalism becomes ov]borne1 z human nature ref9es & civilizes1 & 9 a pr(\nd] s5se ! brutality ( sex-passion vani%es ?r\gh ! gr[? ( a high] love1 :i* has = its dom9ant quality--n eag]ness = possession--b unselfi% t5d]ness4 ,?is t5d]ness1 p]meat+ ! individual & ext5d+ its b5ign influ5ce into society1 issues 9 ! g5tle mann]s & virtu\s actions t seem to spr+ directly f a univ]sal pr9ciple ( sympa?y & love4 ,! sci5tific exposition ( ! ph5om5a has long be5 be=e ! public4 ,g4 ,h4 ,lewes1 9 8 ,problems ( ,life & ,m9d1 demon/rat$ t :il/ ! individual functions ( man 7alim5tation be+ "o ( ^!7 arise 9 relation to ! cosmos1 8 g5]al functions1 includ+ sex-appetite1 arise 9 relation to ! social m$ium1 & 8animal impulses become bl5d$ ) human emotions10 until 89 process ( evolution1 />t+ f ! m]ely animal appetite ( sexuality1 we arrive at ! pure/ & mo/ f>-rea*+ t5d]ness40 ,! social in/9cts1 :i* he calls analogues ( ! individual in/9cts1 t5d m & m to make 8sociality dom9ate animality & ?us subord9ate p]sonality to humanity40 7,problems ( ,life & ,m9d1 vol4 #a1 p4 #aei47 ,x is only rec5tly t ! full significance ( ^! facts has begun to influ5ce g5]al ?\ght & to create a revolt aga9/ ! unsci5tific attitude ( m9d t cov]s ! sexual in/9ct ) contumely & hypocritical disda94 ,!re dawns 9 consequ5ce a new light ^u ! afflict+ problem ( our social impurity4 ,x is se5 t ! horrible /ruggle = exi/5ce :i* makes grief & pa91 exhau/+ m5tal ef=t & physical re/ra9t1 ent] s l>gely into ! lot ( unhappy man1 is ! p>am\nt evil to ca/ out4 8,! wond]ful cycles ( normal life are = ev] clean & pure40 7,! ,new ,_s1 ,havelock ,ellis47 ,& ) f> m ( sex-union--especially = ! "y--& all ! t5d] social joys t emanate f t union1 & f> m ( ease & happ9ess 9 life1 !re becomes possible a great increase ( goodness4#b ,footnote #b3 ,x is well to "k mom5ts ( mat]ial happ9ess1 s9ce !y tea* u :]e to look = l(ti] joys4--,wisdom & ,de/9y1 by ,maurice ,maet]l9ck4 ,! late ,james ,h9ton spoke truly ( ! matt] :5 he said3 8,s5su\s pleasure w be to ! moral life ( ! future z s5se-impressions are to ! k ( ! pres5t1 & ) ! same hi/ory4 ,x w n be a ?+ put aside z evil or degrad+ or mislead+1 b recogniz$ z ! v basis & means ( ! life1 & us$ ) enhancem5ts & multipli$ p[]s undreamt ( by u40 ,& aga91 8,?is is :at sets ! s\l on fire--! union ( goodness & pleasure4 ,x is a new possibility1 a hope we nev] saw be=e1 a means :]eby all may be br\ght into goodness40 7,! ,law ,break]1 pp4 #bge1 #bcf47 ,! key to ! position1 he po9ts out1 is ! tak+ ( pleasure unselfi%ly & ) complete reg>d to ! happ9ess ( o!rs4 ,! region ( sex is inde$ to ?is day unreclaim$1 b1 z ,mr4 ,ellis asks3 8,:y %\ld ! sweet5+ brea? ( sci5ce be gu>d$ f ?is spot8 ,our attitude t[>ds ?is "p ( life affects pr(\ndly our attitude t[>ds life altoge!r40 7,! ,new ,_s1 pp4 #abg1 #abe74 ,:i* ( u has n felt ! tru? ( t deep say+ ( ,?oreau's t 8= him to :om sex is impure !re are no fl[]s 9 nature40 ,x is precisely "h t developm5t 9 ! s5se ( purity gives a sure hope ( moral reg5]ation4 ,& v rem>kable is x t z 9 ! old days :5 prophetic poetry took ! lead 9 all religi\s re=ms s n[ we h art 9 ! van ( social re=m boldly confront+ ! great enemies ( progress--ignorance1 pride1 prejudice & malici\s ins9uation4 ,:5 ,ibs5's 8,gho/s0 0 fir/ put ^u ! /age ( a ,london !atre1 a dramatic critic deliv]$ himself ?us3 8,x is a dream ( revolt--! revolt ( ! #8joy ( life' aga9/ ! gloom ( hideb\nd1 conv5tional morality1 ! revolt ( ! natural man & woman1 ! revolt ( ! individual aga9/ ! oppression ( social prejudice4 ,! joy ( life1 ! joy ( life--x r+s l a cl>ion ?r\gh ! play40 7,/> ( ,m>* #ad?1 #ahia47 ,! f9e wom5 ( ,ibs5's creation speak out ^u que/ions ( sex ) a pure1 e>ne/ c&\r t brea!s a new morality1 & ?is moral elem5t is "o ( ! c5tral features 9 ,:itman's attitude t[>ds sex4 ,= ! lov]1 !re is no?+ 9 ! lov$ "o impure or unclean2 a brea? ( passion has pass$ ov]1 & all ?+s are sweet4 ,= mo/ ( u ?is influ5ce spreads no f>!r1 = ! man ( /rong moral in/9ct x cov]s all human ?+s 9 inf9itely wid5+ circles2 8 he>t goes out to e creature t %>es ! lov$ "o's delici\s humanity1 h5ce=? !re is no?+ human t he _c t\* ) rev]5ce & love4 ,leaves ( ,grass is p5etrat$ by ?is moral elem5t4 7,! ,new ,_s1 ,havelock ,ellis1 p4 #abc47 ,walt ,:itman himself says3 8,difficult z x w be1 x has become1 9 my op9ion1 imp]ative to a*ieve a %ift$ attitude f sup]ior m5 & wom5 t[>ds ! ?\ght & fact ( sexuality z an elem5t 9 "*1 p]sonality1 ! emotions1 & a !me 9 lit]ature40 7,h[ ,i made a ,book4 ,an ,essay by ,walt ,:itman47 ,! pr9ciples und]ly+ ! new morality may be ?us /at$3 ,goodness does n consi/ 9 />v+ or d5y+ any normal animal appetite1 !re=e *a/ity 9 ! s5se ( total ab/95ce is ess5tially immoral4 ,life is n s prodigal ( joys t man c wisely =ego any s\rce ( innoc5t happ9ess1 h5ce asceticism has no place 9 a rational !ory & code ( morals4 ,! c\rse = rational man to adopt 9 ref]5ce to sexual appetite is duly to satisfy & regulate x2 & by remov+ e loa?some condition t sup]9duces degradation1 to compel x to raise ! tide ( life 9 promot+ individual com=t & g5]al virtue4 ,to ! read] :o grasps ! population problem x may seem t ?is moral code w\ld place society on ! horns ( a pa9ful dilemma1 = :ile morality is said to require a clos] union betwe5 ! sexes ?an has hi!rto prevail$1 propagation--:i* is ! actual result ( t union--mu/ be limit$ to an ext5t hi!rto unkn[n1 & by _m p deem$ impossible ( atta9m5t4 ,by its pati5t inve/igations ( nature1 h[ev]1 sci5ce "h comes to ! rescue ( ^? ^: /&po9t 9 view+ ! sexual problem is "o ( ard5t sympa?y ) ! ess5tial ne$s & ! moral aspirations ( man 9 a social position truly pa!tic4 ,physiology has reveal$ t sexual organs are naturally divid$ into amative & reproductive organs1 ea* class functionally di/9ct f ! o!r4 ,amative organs relate prim>ily to sexual union1 :ile reproductive organs relate prim>ily to impregnation & ge/ation4 ,! process ( reproduction may take place )\t use ( ! amative organs by simply br++ sp]matozoa to ova 7?is has be5 done71 & on ! o!r h& ! amative organs c be ex]cis$ )\t effect+ reproduction4 ,sexual int]c\rse & procreation are n vitally relat$1 z !y are ord9>ily assum$ to be4 ,moreov]1 ! in/9cts connect$ ) sexual union & ) (fspr+ are sep>ate & di/9ct4 ,9 popul>1 confus$ ?\ght1 a reproductive in/9ct is attribut$ to animals & man4 ,9 reality1 no direct in/9ct to reproduce ! species exi/s4 ,animals unite sexually f an in/9ct direct$ to a pleasurable ex]cise ( function2 & al?\gh1 9 man1 ! relation has be5 made complex by 8 k ( ! facts ( reproduction & ( social life1 ! sexual in/9ct is connect$ solely ) pleasure & social feel+--n ) reproduction4 ,on ! o!r h&1 in/9cts associat$ ) ! pres5ce & nurture ( ! "y are n sexual or relat$ to sexual passion4 ,!re=e any doctr9e requir+ man's ex]cise ( ! sexual function to be re/rict$ to ! end ( reproduction is )\t ju/ification 9 nature & directly conflicts ) ! facts ( life4 ,! sexual act1 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s1 is only occasionally 9 accid5tal relation to ! reproductive process1 = ) m>ri$ p 9 a ?\s& acts only a doz5 may be reproductive4 ,if social morality !n requires ! satisfaction ( normal sexual feel+--& ,i ?9k ,i h %[n ?is to be ! case--! desid]atum is to prev5t at w in/ead ( leav+ to accid5t ! above occasional relation1 & make ! sep>ation betwe5 amative & reproductive conditions z complete z _! functional sep>ation4 ,an ,am]ican writ] has well said3 8,if !re is "o social ph5om5on :i* human +5uity ought to br+ completely "u ! control ( ! w1 x is ! ph5om5on ( procreation40 8,j z ev]yone is 8 own judge ( h[ mu* he %all eat & dr9k1 ( :at commodities he wants to r5d] life enjoyable1 s ev]yone %\ld be 8 own judge ( h[ l>ge a family he desires1 & %\ld h p[] 9 ! same degree to leave (f :5 ! requisite numb] is rea*$40 7,le/] ,f4 ,w>d4 ,dynamic ,sociology1 vol4 #b1 p4 #dfe47 ,! ,bible ,communi/s ( ,oneida ,creek practis$ volunt>y control ov] ! propagative function dur+ ?irty ye>s ) m>k$ success4 ,! numb] ( bir?s 0 regulat$ 9 accordance ) ! wi%es ( ! community1 & su* c>eful att5tion 0 paid to ! laws ( h]$ity t no *ildr5 ( defective organisms or uns\nd con/itutions 7 born4 ,7 man univ]sally intellig5t & morally self-controll$1 ! k ( physiological facts & ( inv5tion appli$ to ^? facts w\ld suffice to create g5]al spontane\s limitation ( ! bir?-rate & hygi5ic propagation ( species4 ,b "o has only to ?9k ( ! batt]$ humanity 9 ! back slums ( e great city--! physical1 m5tal & moral weakl+s ( our degrad$ populace--to realize t x is fanta/ic folly to expect individual intellig5ce "u vici\s & utt]ly depress+ conditions1 to c\nt]act habit & save society f a ris+ tide ( ov]:elm+ numb]s1 ! product ( r&om pregnancy & sportive *ance4 ,x _c be a solution nor ev5 a relief to ! population difficulty t ! intellig5t--comp>atively few--%\ld limit _! families s long z ! masses refuse or fail to limit !irs4 ,:5 society1 becom+ fully alive to ! imm95t dang] ( a too rapid bir?-rate solves ! population & social problems comb9$--9 ! only way possible--x w facilitate & promote ! use ( sci5tific *ecks to conception1 &1 if necess>y1 exact _! adoption by "s legislative device4 7,see ,social ,control ( ! ,bir?-rate1 by ,g4 ,a4 ,gaskell47 ,by ! aid ( ^! p]sonal means ( avoid+ or prev5t+ conception ! desir$ complete sep>ation ( amative & reproductive conditions is effect$4 ,love is set free to rule 9 its own doma91 & reason controls procreation to ! inf9ite b5efit ( all future g5]ations4 ,9 an article by ,mr4 ,j4 ,holt ,s*ool+ 9 ! ,contempor>y ,review = ,febru>y1 #aijb1 entitl$ 8,! ,natural ,increase ( ,?ree ,populations10 x is %[n h[ widely 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ! use ( prev5tive *ecks has spread )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s4 ,! writ] says 9 comp>+ ! bir?-rates ( ,g]many1 ,engl& & ,france s9ce #ahhj3 8,!re has be5 a fall 9 ! bir?-rate dur+ ea* p]iod 9 ea* c\ntry4 ,b ,engl&'s fall has be5 l>g] ?an all2 l>g] ?an ! fall 9 ! ,fr5* bir?-rate4 ,dur+ #ahhj-ahhd !re 7 #cbc bir?s p] ye> p] #aj1jjj ( our population2 dur+ #ahie-ahii !re 7 only #bia bir?s p] ye> p] #aj1jjj ( population--a ye>ly fall ( #cb bir?s p] #aj1jjj ( population4 ,france's fall 0 #bh bir?s & ,g]many's fall 0 only #aj bir?s1 al?\gh ,g]many's bir?-rate 0 high] ?r\gh\t ?an t ( ,engl& or ( ,france40 ,?is is v satisfactory1 & 9 reg>d to ! /r5g? ( a nation t dep5ds ^u ! adults1 & !re are m adults 9 a population :]e ! *ildr5 are few]4 ,! dea?-rate 9 ,engl& dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s has be5 always ! l[e/ ( ! ?ree c\ntries4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t1 society has no sci5tific sex-philosophy :atev]4 ,x affects to be gov]n$ by ,puritanism--a vague doctr9e belong+ to ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! race & n 9 connexion ) any e?ical code direct$ to ! developm5t ( goodness ?r\gh a c>eful reg>d to ! happ9ess ( man & ! satisfaction ( 8 normal human nature4 ,puritanism1 :e!r affect$ or real1 spreads abroad hypocrisy1 deceit1 ly+2 x t5ds to lic5ti\sness 9 m5 & ! utt] defilem5t ( wom51 to social disord] & decay4 ,above all1 x fru/rates ! developm5t ( t high] love1 :i*1 hav+ animalism alli$1 b subord9ate1 fills ! m9d ) exquisite emotion & creates unselfi% delights4 ,_m ye>s ago ,miss ,m>t9eau wrote3 8,a ?+ to be c>efully rememb]$ is t asceticism & lic5ti\sness univ]sally co-exi/4 ,all exp]i5ce proves ?is1 & e pr9ciple ( human nature might prophesy ! pro(4 ,passions & emotions _c be ext+ui%$ by g5]al rules40 7,h[ to obs]ve ,morals & ,mann]s1 p4 #afi47 ,puritanism ignores ! sexual ne$s ( ! "y4 ,9 a sci5tific age man is b\nd to recognize physiological reasons = e>ly satisfaction ( ! sexual appetite & physiological reasons = delay$ p>5tage4 ,( ! =m]1 ,i h "h to say t an e>ly mod]ate /imulation ( ! female sexual organs 7aft] pub]ty is rea*$7 t5ds1 by ! law ( ex]cise promot+ developm5t ( /ructure1 to make p>turition 9 mature life easy & safe2 & t ! heal?y functional & emotional life ( love & gratifi$ passion is ! be/ prev5tive ( hy/]ia1 *lorosis1 love melan*oly1 & o!r unhappy ailm5ts to :i* our "y wom5 are cruelly & b>b>\sly expos$1 & :i*1 ,i d n hesitate to say1 make !m 9 _m cases feel _! y\? to be an almo/ insuff]able m>tyrdom4 ,!re are no less s]i\s sexual evils :i* ov]take mascul9e y\?1 if cont95t1 namely1 p]si/5t & mis]able crav+s1 abnormally direct$ in/9ct1 sp]matorrhoea1 self-abuse2 & ^! are usually hidd5 f sight & k 9 consequ5ce ( a feel+ t1 9 sexual matt]s1 adults h no sympa?y ) ! "y4 ,9 ,lecky's ,hi/ory ( ,european ,morals1 vol4 #b1 p4 #cja1 pro/itution is ?us ref]r$ to3--8,h[ev] p]si/5tly society may ignore ?is =m ( vice1 x exi/s1 nev]!less1 & on ! mo/ gigantic scale1 & an evil r>ely assumes su* invet]ate & p]v]t+ =ms z :5 x is %r\d$ 9 obscurity & veil$ by a hypocritical appe>ance ( unconsci\sness4 ,! exi/5ce 9 ,engl& ( unhappy wom51 sunk 9 ! v l[e/ dep?s ( vice & mis]y 444 %[s :at an appall+ am\nt ( moral evil is fe/]+ uncontroll$1 undiscuss$ & unalleviat$ "u ! fair surface ( decor\s society40 ,! numb] ( ,london pro/itutes 0 e/imat$ at #hj1jjj 9 ! ye> #ahgj4 ,s9ce !n1 x has probably increas$4 ,9 ,p>is1 accord+ to ,von ,dett+51 ! actual numb] at t p]iod 0 upw>ds ( #fj1jjj2 9 ,b]l91 #be1jjj to #cj1jjj4 ,9 ,hamburg1 9 #ahfj1 e n9? woman above ! age ( #ae 0 a pro/itute1 & 9 ,leipzig ! wom5 dep5d+ pr9cipally or exclusively on pro/itution 0 e/imat$ at #b1jjj4 ,?is field ( pro/itution encloses :ole armies ( wom5 f9d+ !re _! only means ( e>n+ a mis]able livelihood & a correspond+ numb] ( victims claim$ by dea? & disease4 7,woman 9 ! ,pa/1 ,pres5t & ,future4 ,augu/ ,bebel1 pp4 #ajj-aja47 ,! pro/itute1 9 h] ?\s&s2 ! m>ri$ drudge1 we>y ( *ild-be>+2 ! desolate old maid2 ^! are all alike victims to social oppression4 ,!y are compell$ to ab/a9 f1 or compell$ to engage 91 a specific function :i* is only natural1 pleasurable1 heal?ful & virtu\s 9 ! abs5ce ( all tyranny4 ,love to be real mu/ be prompt$ by p]sonal desire1 & free to express itself 9 unhurtful conditions3 ,i mean conditions t involve individual lib]ty1 social respect & human dignity4 ,! facts ( pro/itution alone w\ld amply suffice to put ,puritanism out ( c\rt 9 social re=m4 ,z a result ( conduct1 x has no control ov] vici\s prop5sities1 :il/ x re/ra9s torm5t+ly impulses t are normal & virtu\s1 t ne$ only fitt+ conditions ( heal?ful fre$om4 ,disc>d+ asceticism & conv5tional purism z alike immoral1 ! social re=ms t are bas$ on a k ( human nature & a k ( ! possibilities alli$ ) consci\s evolution1 w br+ all ! in/itutions ( our social life into accordance ) ! ne$s ( ! individual2 & "o ess5tial condition ( happy life is sexual love1 ) su* union ( ! sexes z con=ms to ! g5]al or collective int]e/s4 ,9 view ( ! law ( population1 & ! fact t sci5ce has made pla9 h[ practically to sep>ate ! amative f ! reproductive conditions ( physical union1 ! love ( ! sexes c h>monize ) ! highe/ int]e/s ( our collective social life1 & eug5ics1 n sexual love1 may become p>am\nt 9 g5]ation4 ,:at social morality requires is t ! =ces ( philoprog5itiv5ess & a public consci5ce comb9$ %\ld dom9ate ! function ( reproduction1 :ile love is left free f co]cive control 9 ! sph]e ( individual life4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,eug5ics ,,or ,,/irpiculture ,! fir/ /ep t[>ds ! r$uction ( disease is beg9n+ at ! beg9n+ to provide = ! heal? ( ! unborn4--,dr4 ,,ri*>dson4 ,! :ole !ory conc]n+ h]$ity & its m>vell\s influ5ce = good or evil is a nause\s draught = mank9d to swall[4 ,no wond] we revolt in/9ctively f a doctr9e t *>ges t5d] p>5ts ) transmitt+ an evil h]itage to ! (fspr+ !y passionately love4 8,al?\gh _m important books draw att5tion to ! facts1 z f> z !y are asc]ta9$1 ^! mom5t\s facts h z yet made no impression on ! g5]al m9d40 7,sci5tific ,meliorism & ! ,evolution ( ,happ9ess1 p4 #cbi47 ,?is /atem5t is no long] true4 ,x 0 writt5 9 #ahhd1 & s9ce !n imm5se /rides h be5 made 9 ! realization ( ! action ( h]$ity4 ,! subject is frequ5tly & p]si/5tly br\ght =w>d n[1 & urg$ ^u ! att5tion ( ! public4 ,zola's mre ide is n f\nd only 9 ,fr5* fiction1 ! new ,russian s*ool ( fiction is p]meat$ by x2 & ev5 9 ,engl& "s noveli/s1 foll[+ 9 ! foot/eps ( ,george ,eliot1 are assum+ a sci5tific attitude t[>ds life1 & ! facts ( h]$ity are n ignor$4 ,moreov]1 9 sci5ce & 9 all high-class criticism ( life ! doctr9e ( h]$ity is directly taught4 ,ap>t f purely lit]>y "w1 ! exam9ation ( crim9al /ati/ics z a :ole1 & ! practical obs]vations ( physicians1 doctors1 d5ti/s1 s*oolma/]s1 poor-gu>dians1 sy/ematiz$ & made public at congresses & /or$ 9 sci5tific h&books s inexp5sive z to be well )9 rea* ( all /ud5ts--^!1 ,i say1 comb9e to impress ^u ! g5]al m9d ! conviction t racial deg5]acy is a palpable fact2 & t inh]itance is prime factor 9 ! deg5]at+ process4 ,& rec5tly inde$ a suspicion ( dang] 9 ov]-e/imat+ ?is factor has be5 publicly express$4 ,:]eas =m]ly1 x is said1 a *ild 0 suppos$ to be born ) a m9d l a clean %eet ( pap]1 on ^: fair surface we might write :at we *ose1 op9ion po9ts 9 ! pres5t day to an opposite extreme1 viz41 ?is1 t ! h]$it>y t5d5cies born ) ! *ild det]m9e its future c>e]1 & t education _c modify ?is de/9y 9 any ess5tial respect4 ,n[1 to disall[ ! importance ( education z also a prime factor 9 progress is an error ( judgm5t2 b s long z ! human race cont9ues sc\rg$ by sickness1 m>tyr$ by pa91 demoraliz$ by disease & innate debility1 & decimat$ by premature dea?1 x is n possible = ?9k]s to ov]-e/imate ! pr(\nd significance = weal or woe ( ?is "q ( h]$ity4 ,:]e individual life is n m5ac$ by pov]ty or de/itution1 disease is ! bane ( exi/5ce1 ! b>ri] to physical com=t & to bo? m5tal & moral advance4 ,alas6 h[ few ( u h any p]man5t possession ( s\nd heal?4 ,9 spite ( m$ical sci5ce1 sanit>y protection1 progress made dur+ ! la/ hundr$ ye>s 9 k ( pa?ological conditions1 & va/ res\rces n[ at our comm& = subdu+ & mitigat+ e =m ( physical evil1 disease dogs our foot/eps f infancy to maturity & onw>ds to ! grave4 ,we h ! "y attack$ by consumption1 ! middle-ag$ suff]+ f fail+ heal?1 ! ag$ /ruck by p>alysis or b[$ d[n by rheumatism2 & ev]y:]e we meet husb&s & wives p]man5tly sadd5$ by ! loss ( ! *os5 companion ( _! life1 & mo!rs ^: light-he>t$ buoyancy di$ out = ev] :5 ! babe1 priz$ beyond all treasure1 0 snat*$ f _! arms to be laid 9 our appall+ly num]\s *ildr5's graves4 ,9 ord] to =m an approximately correct conception ( disease1 we mu/ glance = a mom5t at ! conditions ( heal?4 ,life 9 all its =ms1 physical or m5tal1 morbid or heal?y1 is 9 close relation to ! individual organism & ext]nal =ces4 ,heal?1 z ! consequ5ce & evid5ce ( a successful adaptation to ! conditions ( exi/5ce1 implies ! pres]vation1 well-be+ & developm5t ( ! organism2 :ile disease m>ks a failure 9 organic adaptation to ext]nal conditions1 & leads to disord]1 decay & dea?4 ,if we c\ld p]ceive all ! conditions1 outw>d & inw>d1 & take !m into acc\nt1 a di/9ct l9e ( causation w\ld become app>5t4 ,we %\ld f9d disease no m an accid5t ?an ! /orm t breaks ^u ! seabo>d or ! volcanic flames t bur/ f ! m\nta9 top4 ,! extreme complexity & delicacy ( biological ph5om5a precludes a wide grasp ( conditions 9 individual cases1 b sci5tific inve/igation has e/abli%$ ! po9t t ( ! antec$5ts to disease ! l>ge/ proportion is "s h]itage ( weakness transmitt$ f p>5ts--"s disabilities = heal?y life result+ f a bad desc5t4 ,:51 = in/ance1 m5tal anxiety produc$ by adv]se circum/ances is said to h made a man mad1 !re is impli$ "s inh]5t infirmity ( n]v\s elem5t :i* has co-op]at$4 8,7 ! n]v\s sy/em 9 a /ate ( p]fect s\ndness & 9 possession ( t res]ve p[] :i* x !n has ( adapt+ itself1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 to ! v>y+ ext]nal conditions1 x is probable10 says ,maudsley1 8t ! mo/ unfav\rable circum/ances w\ld n di/urb p]man5tly ! relation & initiate m5tal disease4 ,b :5 unfav\rable action f )\t conspires ) an infirmity ( nature )91 !n ! conditions ( disord] are e/abli%$ & a discord or madness is produc$40 7,! ,physiology & ,pa?ology ( ! ,m9d1 p4 #aii47 ,?us al?\gh outw>d circum/ances (t5 decide ! "* ( a disease1 inh]it$ infirmity is its prim>y cause4 ,a be+ liable to madness1 if subject$ to anxiety1 may1 "u diff]5t conditions1 acquire n madness b consumption4 ,a *ild may fall a victim to ! special ailm5t f :i* "o or bo? p>5ts suff]$2 b equally x is possible t disease 9 him may assume a totally diff]5t =m4 ,all t c be affirm$ ) c]ta9ty is ?is3 ( diseas$ p>5ts ! (fspr+ inv>iably inh]it a con/itution liable to 8"s k9d ( morbid deg5]ation1 or a con/itution de/itute ( t res]ve p[] necess>y to meet ! try+ occasions ( life60 ,! try+ occasions ( life h multipli$ ) e new complexity 9 social /ructure2 & !re has be5 no correspond+ increase ( con/itutional /r5g?2 b1 on ! contr>y1 a gr[+ feebl5ess ( physique & in/ability ( n]ve-function4 8,our *ildr5 9 ^! times10 rem>ks ,dr4 ,ri*>dson1 8are our reproa*4 ,:]e is !re a heal?y *ild8 ,y may put be=e me a *ild %[+ to ! unskill$ m9d no trace ( disease4444 ,x is sure to h "s inh]it$ failure4 ,we are z yet unacqua9t$ ) all ! ph5om5a ( disease t pass 9 ! h]$it>y l9e4444 ,we admit1 z prov$1 scr(ula or /ruma1 canc]1 consumption1 epilepsy1 rheumatism1 g\t4 ,x w\ld be wrong to limit ! h]$it>y proclivities ( disease to ?is li/4 ,! fur!r my own obs]vations ext5d1 ! /rong] is ! impression made on my m9d t ! majority ( ! ph5om5a ( disease h h]$it>9ess ( "*40 7,diseases ( ,mod]n ,life1 p4 #ch47 ,sir ,james ,paget & ,sir ,william ,j5n] gave evid5ce ( a simil> k9d be=e a ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,lords 9 #ahhb4 ,f ! =m] em95t physician's spee* ,i may quote "o passage3 8,we n[ "k t c]ta9 diseases ( ! lungs1 liv] & sple5 are all ( syphilitic orig91 & ! mortality f syphilis 9 its lat] =ms is e ye> f\nd to be l>g] & l>g]1 by its be+ f\nd to be ! s\rce ( a numb] ( diseases :i* previ\sly 7 ref]r$ to o!r orig9s40 7,! ,times ,report1 ,augu/ #aa?1 #ahhb47 ,9 ,augu/ ,bebel's "w on ,woman1 h] ,position 9 ! ,pa/1 ,pres5t & ,future1 ?is passage occurs3 8,) reg>d to ! decimat+ effects ( v5]eal disease1 we w only m5tion t 9 ,engl& betwe5 #aheg & #ahfe ! au!nticat$ cases :i* end$ fatally am\nt$ to ov] #ab1jjj1 among :i* no few] ?an #fi p] c5t4 7 *ildr5 "u twelve mon?s1 ! victims ( p>5tal infection40 7p4 #aja47 ,( ! orig9al s\rce f :i* syphilis sprang1 ( its implication 9 ! sex problem1 & ( ! ultimate eradication ( its virus--to be atta9$ only by ! true solution ( ! sex problem--we _c "h speak2 ! po9t "u imm$iate consid]ation is ! fact t ! civiliz$ races ( mank9d p]si/ 9 propagat+ & p]petuat+ disease4 ,!y unscrupul\sly br+ into ! _w individual organisms t are pre-de/9$ to failure because n end[$ ) ! pot5tial qualities indisp5sable to complete & successful life4 ,9 ,am]ica ! same conditions are not$ & publicly ref]r$ to4 ,mr4 ,na?an ,all51 ,m4,d41 be=e a m$ical society at ,massa*usetts1 report$3 8,a gradual *ange is tak+ place 9 ! organization ( our ,new ,engl& p--a *ange :i* has occurr$ pr9cipally )9 ! la/ two or ?ree g5]ations4 ,! n]v\s temp]am5t ) all its advantages & disadvantages is becom+ too pr$om9ant = o!r p>ts ( ! body4 ,! frame-"w ( ! body g5]ally is n s l>ge 444 ! c\nt5ance is pal]1 ! features are m po9t$ & n s expressive ( heal?4 ,we h a l>g] class ( diseases aris+ f g5]al debility 444 we h m disease ( ! bra9 & n]v\s sy/em1 m sudd5 dea?s f apoplexy1 p>alysis1 & also diseases ( ! he>t4 ,9 s\nd heal?y /ock we h 9 a f> high] degree ! recup]ative p[]s ( nature2 :ile ! orig9al con/itution is feeble1 diseases ( almo/ e k9d become complicat$1 & _! treatm5t m difficult z well z d\btful 9 result40 ,laws ( inh]itance affect ! moral z well z ! physical & m5tal heal? ( ! nation4 ,_! action is fatally legible 9 ! public records ( crime4 ,n t _m crim9als inh]it ! actual attributes ( crime--brutality1 cruelty1 malignity1 prop5sity to abnormal sexual practices--^! develop ?r\gh ! int]action ( ext]nal ) int]nal =ces--b ! ord9>y crim9al is born defici5t 9 ! elem5tal qualities necess>y to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! av]age moral nature4 ,f obs]vations c>ri$ on 9 ,engli% prisons1 x appe>s t 9 ^! days ( c>eful s*ool-bo>d education #be p] c5t4 ( prison]s c nei!r read nor write1 & a c]ta9 numb] are q incapable ( receiv+ & b5efit+ by s*ool in/ruction4 8,! memory & reason+ p[]s are s utt]ly feeble t attempts to s*ool !m is a wa/e ( "t40 7,crime & its ,causes1 ,william ,d\glas ,morrison1 ( ,h4,m4 ,prison1 ,w&swor?1 p4 #aie47 ,intellectually1 crim9als are 8unque/ionably less gift$ ?an ! re/ ( ! community02 emotionally !y 8h ! family s5tim5t only feebly develop$10 & morally ! w is 8morbidly v>iable40 ,a prison] may be animat$ by good resolutions1 anxi\s to d :at is "r1 (t5 possess+ a s5se ( moral responsibility1 yet may plunge aga9 & aga9 into crime f ! abs5ce ( a su/a9$ p[] ( volition4 8,p]sons afflict$ 9 ?is way are g5]ally convict$ = crimes ( viol5ce1 su* z assault1 manslaught]1 murd]4 ,!y exp]i5ce real s5tim5ts ( remorse1 b nei!r remorse nor p5it5ce enables !m to grapple ) _! evil />4 ,! w is /rick5 ) disease1 & ! man is da%$ hi!r & ?i!r a helpless wreck on ! sea ( life40 ,! h>mony ( ! social organism dep5ds ^u congruity ( ?\ght & feel+ 9 its memb]s & ^u action made promptly con=mable ?r\gh ex]cise ( ! p[] ( control c5tr$ 9 ! inn] "p or spiritual nature ( man4 ,a crim9al is an unsocial man1 an undevelop$ be+1 "o1 g5]ally speak+1 ^: preg5ital /ock 0 bel[ p>1 & fail$ 9 ! cons]vation1 developm5t & transmission ( a physical1 m5tal & moral capacity equall+ t ( ! av]age ( 8 race4 ,! physical debility or inh]it$ t5d5cy to n]ve weakness--s univ]sal 9 ! pres5t day--has cle>ly a causal relation ) ! increase ( crime deplor$ by ! pr9cipal au?orities on ! subject 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates we are told by ,mr4 ,d4 ,a4 ,wells & by ,mr4 ,h[>d ,w9es1 an em95t speciali/ 9 crim9al matt]s1 t crime is /eadily increas+ at a fa/] rate ?an 9 due proportion to ! increase ( population4 ,ne>ly all ! *ief /ati/icians abroad tell ! same tale4 ,dr4 ,mis*l]1 ( ,vi5na1 & ,pr(essor ,von ,liszt1 ( ,m>burg1 draw a deplorable picture ( ! increase ( crime 9 ,g]many4 ,9 ,france1 ! crim9al problem is z =midable & p]plex+ z 9 ,g]many4 ,m4 ,h5ri ,joli e/imates t crime has increas$ #acc p] c5t4 )9 ! la/ half c5tury1 & is /eadily ris+4 ,tak+ ,victoria z a typical ,au/ralasian colony1 we f9d t ev5 9 ! antipodes1 :i* are n vex$ to ! same ext5t z ,europe ) social & economic difficulties1 crime is p]si/5tly rais+ its head 444 x is a m m5ac+ dang] among ! ,victorian ,coloni/s ?an x is at home4 7,crime & its ,causes1 ,w4 ,d4 ,morrison4 ,publi%$ 9 #ahia1 pp4 #ab & #ac47 ,:ile physical deg5]acy creates crime1 a non-moral life on ! o!r h& causes fur!r physical det]ioration4 ,! pursuit ( weal? = purely p]sonal ends is pre-em95tly anti-social4 ,bread? ( ?\ght & social feel+ gr[ impossible to ! man ^: life is devot$ to ! bus9ess ( amass+ ri*es2 & ,dr4 ,h5ry ,maudsley gives x z 8 conviction1 bas$ ^u wide obs]vation ( family life1 t su* m5 are extremely unlikely to beget heal?y *ildr54 ,9 cases :]e ! fa!r has toil$ upw>ds f pov]ty to va/ weal?1 8,i h witness$ ! results10 he says1 89 a deg5]acy m5tal & physical ( 8 (fspr+ :i* has sometimes gone z f> z ext9ction ( ! family 9 ! ?ird or f\r? g5]ation4 ,i _c b ?9k aft] :at ,i h se5 t ! extreme passion = gett+ ri* does pr$ispose to m5tal deg5]ation 9 ! (fspr+1 ei!r to moral defect or to moral & intellectual defici5cy1 or to outbreaks ( positive insanity "u ! conditions ( life40 7,! ,physiology & ,pa?ology ( ! ,m9d1 p4 #bjf47 ,?is fact alone is amply suffici5t to condemn an indu/rial sy/em t creates monopolies1 conc5trates weal?1 /imulates gre$1 degrades ! upp] classes by sup]flu\s luxury1 ! l[] by envy1 pov]ty1 despair1 & t5ds g5]ally to physical1 m5tal & moral decay4 ,b 7 ! entire economic sy/em judici\sly recon/ruct$1 fatal elem5ts w\ld rema9 s long z man fails to grapple ) ! biological problem & fails to br+ ! great life =ces ( reproduction "u consci5ti\s direction & control4 ,gravitation & all well /udi$ me*anical & *emical =ces h be5 adapt$ by man to special purposes 9 relation ) 8 civiliz$ life2 ev5 s mu/ ! sexual =ces t belong to 8 basic exi/5ce be 9 _! turn dom9at$ & made con=mable ) 8 high] moral & spiritual ne$s4 ,9 ?is reg>d 8 prim>y ne$ is t !re %all be no transmission ( disease or con/itutional debility f "o g5]ation to ano!r2 b t ! entire /r5g? ( ! laws ( h]$ity %all create an improvem5t ( /ock & !reby lift humanity to a high] level ( physical heal? & effici5cy4 ,9 seek+ ! true me?od ( atta9+ ?is end1 x is our duty to look fir/ to ! tea*+ ( ! great f\nd]s ( social philosophy4 ,)\t _! invaluable s]vices 9 discov]+ & sett+ =? ! "o unbrok5 process ( law :i* 8connects all ph5om5a f ! motion ( molecules & ! c\rses ( ! suns to ! ph5om5a ( human ?\ght & ! de/9ies ( nations0 7,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson71 no intellects c\ld to-day grasp ! causes ( mis]y &1 conceiv+ ! possibility ( circumv5t+ ^! causes1 devise a s*eme ( sci5tific action to rev]se ! tr5d ( g5]al movem5t & evolve conditions ( g5u9e & univ]sal happ9ess4 ,9 ?is sph]e1 h[ev]--! sph]e ( eug5ics1 or improvem5t ( ! human /ock1 z also 9 reg>d to ! population & sex problems--,d>w9 & ,h]b]t ,sp5c] h fail$ u4 ,! m9d ( ! =m]1 habituat$ to dwell on ! fav\rable aspects ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce dur+ ! e>ly epo*s ( man's hi/ory1 0 bl9d to ! consequ5ces ( ! g5esis & gr[? ( ! broadly social elem5t 9 man4 ,b>b>\s man c\ld let cosmic =ces prevail to ext]m9ate ! weak4 ,sympa!tic man is compell$ by virtue ( 8 enl>g$ subjective nature to in/itute a new /ruggle1 viz41 a /ruggle aga9/ ! /ruggle = exi/5ce 7a phrase us$ by ,lange71 & already 8 triumph is ev]y:]e visible 9 ! survival ( ! unfit to /ruggle4 ,d>w9 oppos$ ! proposal to re/ra9 population on ! score t ?is w\ld m9imize ! /ruggle :i* _h creat$ civilization 9 ! pa/ & :i* mu/ ne$s1 he ?\ght1 c>ry x on 9 ! future1 & bo? ,d>w9 & ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 8assum$ t a g5]alization :i* sums up ! progressive =ces ( a collectively unconsci\s society1 i4e4 a society )\t ! conception ( evolution & ( a univ]sal sociology1 mu/ equally sum up ! progressive pr9ciples ( a collectively consci\s society1 a society :i* has realiz$ evolution & is con/ruct+ a univ]sal sociology4 ,?\gh !y !mselves are our greate/ help]s t[>ds su* consci\sness1 !y fail$ to realize t our atta9m5t ( x mu/ revolutionize human hi/ory40 7,mod]n ,humani/s1 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson1 p4 #bcd74 ,turn+ !n to less illu/ri\s m51 ,mr4 ,francis ,galton is our mo/ advanc$ tea*] 9 ! field ( eug5ics4 ,he faces ! problem ( race reg5]ation & has put =? a s*eme or policy ( action1 re/+ on ,dr4 ,mat!ws ,duncan's alleg$ facts reg>d+ ! relative f]tility 9 e>ly & late m>riages4 ,he %[s t a gr\p ( a hundr$ mo!rs ^: m>riages & ^? ( _! daught]s %\ld take place at ! age ( tw5ty1 w\ld1 9 ! c\rse ( a few g5]ations1 bre$ d[n a gr\p ( a hundr$ mo!rs ^: m>riages & ^? ( _! daught]s 7 delay$ until ! age ( tw5ty-n9e4 ,let u !n1 he reasons1 promote by e means 9 our p[] ! e>ly m>riage ( human be+s ( sup]ior quality1 :il/ we disc\nt5ance e>ly m>riage 9 ^? social memb]s :o are less fav\rably end[$4 ,& 8few10 he says1 8w\ld des]ve bett] ( _! c\ntry ?an ^? :o det]m9e to live celibate lives ?r\gh a reasonable conviction t _! issue w\ld probably be less fitt$ ?an ! g5]ality to play _! "p z citiz5s40 7,inquiries into ,human ,faculty1 p4 #ccf47 ,9 exam9ation = (ficial appo9tm5ts he w\ld h att5tion paid to a c&idate's ance/ral qualifications z well z 8 p]sonal ability4 ,! man ( inh]it$ s\nd con/itution & av]age ability %\ld be pref]r$ to ! man ( sup]ior ability :o belongs to a delicate & %ort-liv$ family4 ,! =m] w 9 all probability become ! m valuable s]vant ( ! two4 ,"s s*eme %\ld be devis$ by :i* to be/[ m>ks = family m]it1 to put1 z x 71 a gu9ea /amp to ! /]l+ gu9ea's wor? ( natural nobility2 & ?is1 he conceives1 might set a great social avalan*e 9 motion4 ,x w\ld op5 ! eyes ( e family1 & ( society at l>ge1 to ! importance ( m>riage alliance ) a good /ock2 x w\ld introduce ! subject ( race z a p]man5t topic ( consid]ation1 & lead to a c>eful collect+ ( family hi/ories & not+ ( ^? facts :i* are absolutely necess>y = guidance 9 "r conduct4 ,late m>riage1 z advis$ by ,mal?us1 ,mr4 ,galton utt]ly condemns4 ,! prud5t alone are influ5c$ by t doctr9e1 & x is1 he says1 a mo/ p]nici\s rule ( conduct 9 its be>+ ^u race4 ,8 policy1 !n1 is e>ly & fruitful m>riage = ! be/ specim5s ( our race1 & widespread celibacy 9 ! case ( ^? less highly fav\r$1 :il/ ev]y:]e ! s5tim5t %\ld prevail t eug5ics1 or ! improvem5t ( ! human /ock1 is ! prim>y consid]ation 9 m>riage & ! guid+ pr9ciple 9 sex relations4 ,?is !ory ,i hold to be "o-sid$1 & ! policy mislead+ & to "s ext5t false4 ,mr4 ,galton ignores ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( social life1 viz41 t ! happ9ess ( all1 at all times1 %\ld be ! aim & object ( rational man1 & he mi/akes ! quality ( human nature 9 highly civiliz$ man4 ,to dem& celibacy ( m5 & wom5 ^: defective organisms x is n desirable to p]petuate1 w\ld be 9 hundr$s & ?\s&s ( in/ances to sacrifice unnecess>ily pres5t happ9ess to future ga9--to build up ! com=t & enjoym5t ( com+ g5]ations at ! exp5se ( ! com=t & enjoym5t ( our own g5]ation4 ,! s5tim5t ( ju/ice repudiates ?is action z well z condemns ! rev]se position ( a reckless self-indulg5t procreat+ to ! det]ioration ( ! human /ock1 :il/ reason di/9ctly %[s t individual lib]ty1 9 respect ( m>riage1 is a social necessity p]fectly compatible ) ! well-be+ ( all4 ,physical reg5]ation ( race w n be a*iev$ by an ov]/ra9$ morality t does viol5ce to ! emotional human nature ( ! normal & av]age man4 ,mr4 ,galton's sy/em ( social re=m accords 9 "s respects ) t :i* x is ! purpose ( ?is "w to set =?4 ,bo? sy/ems premise tea*+ t x is man's duty & )9 8 p[] to improve ! physical1 intellectual & moral /ructure ( 8 race4 ,he may1 9 "p1 a*ieve ?is by intellig5t =e?\ght & c>eful action 9 ex]cis+ ! function ( propagat+ 8 k9d4 ,population mu/ n be kept up by consumptives or p]sons ^: p$igree is ta9t$ by any disease kn[n to be h]$it>y1 & public op9ion mu/ en=ce ! necess>y re/ra9ts4 7,tempor>y illness ought also to be consid]$4 ,x is :5 p>5ts are 9 _! be/ /ate ( heal? only t !y are morally ju/ifi$ 9 br++ *ildr5 into ! _w47 ,( ^!1 celibacy is a re/ra9t comm5d$ & advis$ by ,mr4 ,galton1 :il/ sci5tific meliorism delib]ately rejects x1 = celibacy is a vital evil1 de/roy+ individual happ9ess & t5d+ obvi\sly to social disord]4 ,:]ev] love 9 its highe/ =m exi/s betwe5 two individuals1 union is em95tly desirable2 b if ei!r or bo? be afflict$ by disease or h]$it>y ta9t1 ! sacrifice dem&$ ( !m is to c>efully ab/a9 f giv+ bir? to *ildr54 ,:e!r ! means adopt$ be ^? ( natural self-control or ( artificial aids to self-control w dep5d on ! views ( ! individuals imm$iately conc]n$1 & 9 ?is matt] society has no "r ( int]f]5ce4 ,x is ! bus9ess1 h[ev]1 ( society to sweep away ignorance & make x possible = ! poor z well z ! ri* to ent] on ! "r pa? volunt>ily1 & :]e1 f physical or moral deg5]acy1 self-regulation is impossible1 society mu/ ex]cise au?ority & co]cively re/ra9 ! vital social =ce ( propagation4 ,x w n be by means ( ! lonely lives celibacy entails t civiliz$ m5 & wom5 w refra9 f hav+ *ildr5 disqualifi$ = useful citiz5%ip4 ,we %all1 to quote ! late poet laureate's words1 8move upw>d1 work+ out ! bea/1 & let ! ape & tig] die10 by o!r means m wor?y ( humanity1 i4e4 by socializ$ fre$om & sex equality2 by intellig5t self-control volunt>ily practis$ 7) or )\t artificial appliance71 & by control1 en=c$ :]ev] necess>y by ! ,/ate 9 fulfilm5t ( its responsible duty--! c>eful gu>dian%ip ( ! cong5ital blood ( future g5]ations4 ,9 ! savage epo* ( our hi/ory1 ! =ce ( natural selection produc$ survival ( ! fitte/4 ,f t epo* we h long s9ce pass$ into a semi-civiliz$ epo* 9 :i* ! =ce ( sympa!tic selection produces a mis]able /ate ( indiscrim9ate survival2 we h n[ to pass =w>d to ! epo* 9 :i* ! rational =ce ( a wise1 intellig5t selection w sy/ematically secure ! bir? ( ! physically fit4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,m>riage ,m>riage is t union ( ! sexes :i* is mo/ 9 accordance ) ! moral & physical necessities ( human be+s & :i* h>monizes be/ ) _! o!r relations ( life4--,,ri*>d ,,h>te4 ,x is ( va/ importance to be> cle>ly 9 m9d t all ! great social in/itutions t confront u to-day are ( g5etic orig9 & evolution4 ,!y h n be5 devis$ by man to br+ ab\t ! true end ( all intellig5t ef=t--namely1 happ9ess4 ,!y are simply ! undesign$1 un=ese5 results ( v>i\s natural & social =ces ( ! pa/4 ,!y survive ?r\gh _! t5d5cy to ma9ta9 ! exi/5ce ( ! race4 ,!y subs]ve life1 n happ9ess4 ,x is n my int5tion to treat m>riage hi/orically & trace back ! v>i\s =ms ( x to _! social orig9s4 ,x is suffici5t to be> 9 m9d ! fact ( ! natural1 undevis$ orig9 ( e =m1 includ+ t =m ( monogamy :i* prevails 9 ! mo/ civiliz$ c\ntries ( to-day4 ,a priori1 we %\ld h expect$ t monogamy1 be+ ! ideal sex-union ( ! civiliz$ races ( ,we/]n ,europe1 w\ld h be5 ev]y:]e ! la/ =m to appe>2 t1 9 %ort1 its fitness to survive all o!r =ms w\ld be %[n by lat5ess ( developm5t z well z by sup]ior qualifications = satisfy+ ! ne$s ( a highly develop$ humanity4 ,?is is n s1 h[ev]4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] gives reasons = believ+ t monogamy dates z f> back z any o!r m>ital relation4 8,inde$1 c]ta9 modes ( life necessitat+ wide disp]sion su* z are pursu$ by ! l[e/ =e/ tribes 9 ,brazil & ! int]ior ( ,borneo--modes ( life :i* 9 e>li] /ages ( human evolution mu/ h be5 common] ?an n[--h9d] o!r relations ( ! sexes40 7,sociology1 vol4 i4 p4 #fih47 ,two ( ! l[e/ tribes ( savages exi/+1 ! ,wood-,v$dahs ( ,ceylon & ! ,bu%m5 ( ,s\? ,africa1 are cu/om>ily monogam\s4 ,x is pla91 !re=e1 t if monogamy is to be reckon$ ! f9al =m ( sexual relations1 no argum5t c be bas$ on any !ory ( its rec5t date 9 evolution4 ,! op9ion mu/ seek to re/ ^u diff]5t gr\nd--^u ! quality ( ! in/itution1 its fitness & adequat5ess1 n only to human ne$s 9 ! pres5t sy/em ( society1 b 9 ! re=m$ sy/em ( ! future4 ,:ile a numb] ( primitive tribes are monogam\s1 z also are c]ta9 monkeys & birds1 _m civiliz$ peoples h adopt$ polygamy1 sometimes op5ly1 at o!r times 9 a mask$ =m4 ,poly&ry is also a =m ( m>riage n uncommon among semi-civiliz$ peoples1 z ! ,nairs ( ,malab>1 ! ,k&yans ( ,ceylon & ! ,tibetans4 ,! ,nairs are especially int]e/+ because !re is among !m a regulat$ sy/em ( complex m>riage :i* w comp>e 9 its results v fav\rably ) ! monogam\s m>riage ( ,we/]n nations4 ,! rule ( ! ,matri>*ate prevails1 8inh]itance is f "m to daught] & f ! uncle to ! *ildr5 ( ! elde/ si/]2 ! h\sehold is direct$ by ! "m or ! elde/ girl2 poly&ry & polygamy exi/ side by side or are inextricably mix$4 ,?us ea* woman is ! wife ( sev]al m51 ea* ( :om has 9 turn sev]al wives40 7,elisee ,reclus1 ,primitive ,folk1 p4 #afb47 ,! m5 are "u well-und]/ood obligations to assi/ 9 ! support ( ! dome/ic e/abli%m5ts1 :ile ! *ildr5 look up to _! mo!rs & uncles z _! special protectors4 ,! result ( ^! cu/oms on ! /atus ( wom5 is mo/ rem>kable4 ,x is said t 89 no c\ntry are wom5 m influ5tial & respect$ ?an 9 ,malab>40 7,ibid4 p4 #aef47 ,! ,nair lady may possess prop]ty1 *oose h] own husb&s & rule h] own *ildr54 ,m>riage is n1 z else:]e1 ! tak+ possession ( a woman by ! man1 b is really h] emancipation f male ?raldom4 ,x puts h] z ne>ly on a foot+ ( social equality ) ! man z is possible 9 a semi-militant community4 ,:at is x t has decid$ ! selection or unconsci\s *oice--if we may call x s--( matrimonial usage among ! v>i\s races ( mank9d1 s9ce no special =m is necess>ily connect$ ) ! degree ( g5]al civilization8 ,! conditions & exig5cies ( social life2 & z ^? conditions & exig5cies *ange 9 ! future1 matrimonial usages w also *ange4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 e possible me?od1 speak+ g5]ally1 has be5 adopt$4 ,sometimes a regulat$ promiscuity--= ea* man claim$ 8 rights--sometimes ! mix$ poly&ric & polygamic h\sehold2 occasionally simple poly&ry or polygamy2 at o!r times monogamy2 m>riage exp]im5tal also1 z ) ! ,r$sk9s ( ,canada1 :o pair & unite = a few days1 !n quit ea* o!r if ! trial has n prov$ satisfactory to bo? p>ties2 or tempor>y m>riage z 9 ! case ( ! ,jews 9 ,morocco1 :o unite = ?ree or six mon?s accord+ to agreem5t2 or free m>riages z ^? ( ! ,hott5tots & ,abyss9ians1 :o m>ry1 "p1 & rem>ry at w2 or p>tial1 z ! m>riages ( ! ,assanyeh ,arabs1 :i* only b9d ! p>ties = c]ta9 days ( ! week4 ,e possible g5]al me?od1 ,i repeat1 has be5 tri$1 & :5 ! practice hit ^u has s]v$ human ne$s & also promot$ ! solid>ity & increase ( ! gr\p1 x has t5d$ to p]si/4 ,9 trac+ ! evolution ( ! mod]n ,european =m ( monogam\s m>riage1 we become aw>e t at a v e>ly p]iod1 & = a long "t subsequ5tly1 ! wife 0 reg>d$ z ! absolute prop]ty ( ! husb&4 ,! wife 0 a b\ght or a captur$ article1 & l o!r articles ( prop]ty 0 at ! entire disposal ( ! own] to use1 sell1 l5d or abuse z he ?\ght fit4 ,! ,roman law makes no ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! m>ital law & ! law ( prop]ty1 & mod]n m>riage laws 9 ! diff]5t ,/ates ( ,europe & ,am]ica treat ! wife z if %e 7 9 a v l>ge degree a p]sonal possession ( h] husb&4 ,! hi/ory ( mod]n m>riage1 9 %ort1 is ! hi/ory ( man's dom9ation ( woman & ! measures he has tak5 to assume1 ass]t & e/abli% 8 rights ( possession4 ,amid *ang+ outw>d conditions ( life1 he has made good 8 claim to control h] de/9y 9 accordance ) 8 own v>y+ desires4 ,9 apprais+ ! value ( our mu*-vaunt$ monogamy1 we mu/ cle>ly und]/& t its legal basis is n1 & nev] 01 a /rong p]sonal adhesion ( sympa?y & affection1 b a compact respect+ p]sonal prop]ty1 involv+ 9 ! cases :]e ! 8contract+ p>ties are possess$ ( weal?1 bo? prop]ty 9 p]son & 9 ?+s40 ,x is q legal1 & inde$ q respectable1 = m>riages to be =m$ on a pecuni>y & social f\ndation1 into :i* love does n ent]4 ,! woman :o sells h]self 9 m>riage to a man = ! sake ( money & position is n reg>d$ z a pro/itute1 b z a respectable1 8hone/0 woman :o has made a 8=tunate0 m>riage4 ,to und]/& h[ ?or\ghly m>riage is bas$ ^u prop]ty & n ^u love1 x %\ld suffice to contemplate ! gr\nds on :i* legal divorce is grant$4 ,divorce is n grant$1 9 ?is c\ntry at lea/1 on pro(s ( incompatibility ( nature & abs5ce ( affection1 b on pro( ( adult]y1 9 :i* co-respond5ts may be compell$ to pecuni>ily comp5sate ! husb& on acc\nt ( hav+ made use ( 8 wife )\t 8 p]mission z h] own]4 ,connivance by ! husb& precludes ! grant+ ( a divorce4 ,man's supremacy & woman's subjection become evid5t 9 ! fact t no am\nt ( simple adult]y 9 a husb& c be made ! gr\nd ( a divorce1 nor is a wife able to claim any pecuni>y comp5sation f ! p>am\rs ( a husb&4 ,matrimony1 at ?is epo*1 is = ! mo/ "p a 8comm]cial transaction10 b 9 ! words ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 8already increas$ facilities = obta9+ divorce po9t to ! probability t :]eas 9 ^? e>ly /ages dur+ :i* p]man5t monogamy 0 be+ evolv$1 ! union by law 7orig9ally ! act ( pur*ase7 0 reg>d$ z ! ess5tial "p ( m>riage & ! union by affection non-ess5tial2 & :]eas at pres5t ! union by law is ?\ght ! m important & ! union by affection ! less important1 !re w come a "t :5 ! union by affection w be held ( prim>y mom5t1 & ! union by law z ( second>y mom5t2 & h5ce reprobation ( m>ital relations 9 :i* ! union by affection has dissolv$4 ,t ?is conclusion w seem unacceptable to mo/ is probable1 ,i may say c]ta940 7,pr9ciples ( ,sociology1 vol4 i4 p4 #ghh47 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] /rikes "h at ! v f\ndation ( mod]n m>riage4 ,moreov]1 9 mak+ affection rule sexual relations1 he op5s up all ! possibilities ( o!r =ms ( m>riage ?an ! monogam\s1 = affection may n only be transitory1 b unre/rict$ to "o4 ,9 face ( ! b>b>\s orig9 ( m>riage1 !re exi/s no reason :y p ( lib]al ?\ght %\ld make a dogg$1 pi\s /& at monogamy :ile lightly dismiss+ promiscuity1 polygamy1 poly&ry z disreputable =ms ( sex-union4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] holds t 8! monogamic =m ( ! sexual relation is manife/ly ! ultimate =m10 b he gives no reasons to prove 8 case t are n suffici5tly disprov$ by ! =m ( m>riage exi/+ among ! ,nairs4 ,aga91 ! fact ( ! num]ical equality ( ! sexes does n make monogamy ! only suitable =m1 al?\gh x supplies a reasonable objection to pure polygamy & pure poly&ry4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] says t 8monogamy is a pre-requisite to a high position ( wom540 ,"h he pla9ly ov]looks ! facts ( ! respect$ & comp>atively indep5d5t position ( wom5 among peoples practis+ mix$ polygamy & poly&ry "u fix$ rules & regulations4 ,) ! actual facts ( life be=e u1 we are =c$ to admit t "u ! rgime ( man's dom9ancy & woman's subjection1 monogamy has be5 gross ?r\gh\t all hi/ory1 :ile ) poly&ry x has n be5 s4 ,note1 9 ?is reg>d1 "o fact alone--jeal\sy1 t mean1 selfi% emotion :i* de/roys ! happ9ess ( s _m lives1 is n 9 evid5ce among ! simple poly&ric ,nairs4 ,! associat$ husb&s live on a good und]/&+ ) "o ano!r1 !re is a complete abs5ce ( jeal\sy4 ,:i* ( u c say1 9 view ( ! monogamy t surr\nds u3 ,tol/oi's graphic picture1 8! wild bea/ ( jeal\sy began to ro> 9 its d510 applies only to a m>riage 9 fiction8 ,x is to monogamy t we owe ! typical dome/ic tyrant & _m tyrann\s attributes t survive 9 mod]n mascul9e human nature4 ,monogamy1 too1 has always be5 accompani$ by o!r sexual relations 9 :i* bo? sexes are degrad$ & "o sex is socially & physically ru9$4 ,z ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,h4 ,lecky has po9t$ out1 monogamy on "o side ( ! %ield implies pro/itution on ! o!r4 ,9 its normal =m1 monogamy signifies ! atta*m5t ( "o man to "o woman1 involv+--fir/1 p]man5t & exclusive sexual union2 second1 conjo9t dome/ic life2 ?ird1 ! g5]at+ & re>+ ( a family2 f\r?1 social int]c\rse 9 ! class ( society to :i* ! p>ties belong4 ,beyond ^! features ( m>riage1 ! economic & social =ces ( ! age br+ ab\t 9 ! va/ majority ( m>riages a con/ant subjection ( ! wife to ! husb&1 by reason ( h] be+ dep5d5t on him = h] liv+1 & a g5]al fre$om to ! husb& b n to ! wife to commit adult]y4 ,!re is usually compell$ also lat5ess ( m>riage1 :i* implies unheal?ful1 pa9ful conditions ( life 9 ! celibate y\? ( bo? sexes4 ,i w ask "h3 ,ought we to look ^u p]man5cy & exclusiv5ess z ess5tial elem5ts 9 ! =m ( sex-union be/ suit$ to humanity at ! pres5t /age ( its evolv+ civilization8 ,p]man5cy is necess>ily ess5tial to our ideal ( ! f9al =m ( m>riage1 = ! /ronge/1 mo/ valuable bond ( affection implies x1 & loss ( love f :atev] cause is a real calamity4 ,b :]e t calamity has already befall51 = society to en=ce a m]e outw>d p]man5cy ( ! matrimonial bond is irrational--! c\nt]feit union is productive only ( private mis]y & public disord]4 ,& fur!r1 "u our pres5t wret*$ economic conditions1 ! /ruggle = bread & abs5ce ( leisure & fre$om 9 ! case ( ! work]s1 &1 amid ! upp] classes1 frequ5t f9ancial difficulties1 false notions & cu/oms ( propriety & etiquette--all ^! comb9e to make x r>e inde$ t a man or woman *ances to meet & unite ) 8 or h] c\nt]p>t or true life companion4 ,comm]cialism is no safe guide 9 ! que/ = a vital1 p]man5t sex-union1 & until comm]cialism :olly disappe>s1 ! exig5cies ( life dem& fre$om ( divorce to rectify unavoidable errors ( judgm5t 9 matrimony1 & make m possible ! =m+ ( ties t are truly & naturally p]man5t4 ,z human be+s become m moral inw>dly & create ! outw>d conditions 9 :i* !y c live a truly moral exi/5ce1 ,mr4 ,em]son's pr9ciple t ! great ess5tials 9 human conduct are to escape f all false ties & to reveal ourselves z we are1 w be m & m ackn[l$g$ & act$ ^u4 ,great ?9k]s l ,milton 9 ! pa/ & ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 9 ! pres5t1 condemn z contr>y to religion & reason a p]man5cy t involves falsity or abs5ce ( love4 8,x is a less brea* ( w$lock10 says ,milton1 8to "p ) wise & quiet cons5t betimes1 ?an /ill to foil & pr(ane t my/]y ( joy & union ) a pollut+ sadness & p]petual di/emp]2 = x is n ! outw>d cont9u+ ( m>riage t keeps :ole t cov5ant1 b :atsoev] does mo/ accord+ to peace & love1 :e!r 9 m>riage or 9 divorce1 he x is t breaks m>riage lea/1 x be+ s (t5 writt5 t #8,love only is ! fulfilm5t ( e comm&m5t4'0 7,john ,milton1 ,! ,doctr9e & ,discipl9e ( ,divorce1 *ap4 v47 ,divorce made atta9able to all m5 & wom51 ri* & poor1 )\t any disgraceful accompanim5t1 is a necess>y condition ( progress4 ,& 9 effect1 ea* nation ( ,we/]n ,europe accepts & facilitates divorce concurr5tly ) its advance 9 civilization4 ,n long ago1 9 my he>+1 a ,roman ,ca?olic b>ri/]1 ^: practice makes him famili> ) all t occurs 9 ! ,divorce ,c\rt1 deliv]$ himself to ?is effect3 8,my *ur* ana!matises divorce1 & to my m9d %e is "r4 ,b ,i am n ! fool to ?9k t ! divorce law pass$ 9 our ,/atute ,books 9 ! ye> #aheh w ev] be annull$ or dep>t$ f4 ,9 ! int]e/s ( morality1 ! press+ desid]atum is t ! basis ( divorce be made ! same = man & woman4 ,x is a cry+ iniquity t :]eas a husb& by avoid+ physical =ce1 may legally be z unfai?ful to 8 m>riage v[s z he *ooses1 & may tyrannize ov] & trample "u 8 feet ! feel+s ( 8 wife1 "o s+le slip 9 an ungu>d$ mom5t on h] "p1 "o act ( adult]y committ$1 x may be 9 a fit ( despair1 entitles him by law to repudiate h] summ>ily z b>b>ian husb&s dismiss$ _! wives40 ,:ile p]man5cy is em95tly valuable 9 sexual relations1 c we v5ture to say ! same z reg>ds exclusiv5ess8 ,?is di/9ctive quality ( exclusiv5ess is n an ext5sion ( love1 b a n>r[+ ( x d[n--a re/ra9t ^u p]sonal feel+4 ,:5 woman w9s h] fre$om & is no long] "u any circum/ances man's dep5d5t & slave1 b 8 fri5d & comrade 9 ! battle ( life1 w %e re/ra9 ! physical expression ( sex-love1 yet fe>lessly respond to all ! t5d] ties c]ta9 to unite h] ) ! opposite sex8 ,to give at pres5t a dogmatic reply is impossible4 ,p]sonally1 my in/9cts--s f> z ,i "k !m--accord ) ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s dictum3 ! ultimate =m ( sexual relation w be monogamic2 b ,i recognize my own limitations4 ,s9ce ! wom5 ( my g5]ation are *ildr5 ( bond-slaves1 hamp]$ )9 & )\t by survivals f an epo* ( sex subjection :]e9 man's dom9ancy sup]impos$ ^u woman a *a/ity he repudiat$ = himself1 ! /&po9t f :i* ! fre$ be+ ( ! future w decide h] sex-morality is n 9 ! grasp ( my appreh5sion4 ,nev]!less1 ! imm$iate pa? ( progress is di/9ctly m>k$ out4 ,i agree ) ! au?or :o holds ! op9ion t3 8,bett] inde$ 7 a ,saturnalia ( free m5 & wom5 ?an ! spectacle :i*1 z x is1 our great cities pres5t at night40 7,edw>d ,c>p5t]47 ,b set wom5 free 8f ! m]e ca%-nexus to a husb&1 f ! money slav]y ( ! /reets1 f ! nameless t]rors ( social op9ion1 & f ! ?reats ( ! *oice ( p]petual virg9ity or p]petual bondage10 & we ne$ n fe> = sex-morality4 8,sex 9 man is an organiz$ passion1 an individual ne$ or impetus2 b 9 woman x may m prop]ly be t]m$ a con/ructive in/9ct1 ) ! l>g] signification t t involves4444 ,nor does %e (t5 exp]i5ce t divorce betwe5 ! s5tim5t ( love & ! physical passion :i* is s common ) m54 ,sex ) h] is a deep & sacr$ in/9ct1 c>ry+ ) x a s5se ( natural purity40 7,woman1 ,edw>d ,c>p5t]1 p4 #i47 ,& f woman h]self let me quote a passage occurr+ 9 a wom5's j\rnal3 8,love is an emotion sep>ate f sex-impulse1 x may or may n exi/ 9 co-relation to x4 ,! te/imony easily tak5 f ! lives ( _m wom5 is to ! effect t love ent]s n into ! impulse :i*1 active & unre/ra9$ on ! "p ( ^? to :om !y are yok$ = life1 has creat$ = !m a life :i* c be call$ by no "n save slav]y40 7,%afts1 ,octob]1 #ahie47 ,aga91 turn+ to ! opposite sex1 ,havelock ,ellis /ates 79 8 /udy ( ,man & ,woman1 ,contempor>y ,sci5ce ,s]ies7 t3 8,9 wom5 m5 f9d be+s :o h n w&]$ s f> z m5 f ! typical life ( e>?'s creatures2 wom5 are = m5 ! human embodim5ts ( ! re/ful responsiv5ess ( ,nature40 ,i am conv9c$ t h[ev] polygam\s ! male-sex--"u a sy/em ( indu/rial comm]cialism may appe>--! great mass ( our wom5 are n lic5ti\s & n poly&r\s 9 t5d5cy4 ,:ile a ,saturnalia ( free m5 & wom5 w\ld1 z comp>$ ) pres5t sexual conditions1 be a pref]able evil1 we ne$ n 9 our =eca/ ( ! future dread su* a ,saturnalia1 or face its possibility4 ,x is a libel on humanity to assume t no self-re/ra9ts are inh]5t to )hold mank9d f sexual excesses :5 fre$ f control by ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,& al?\gh x might be said t 8! gr[+ complexity ( man's nature w\ld be likely to lead him into m r ?an few] sex relations1 on ! o!r h& x is obvi\s t z ! dep? & subtlety ( any atta*m5t t really holds him increases1 s does su* atta*m5t become m p]man5t & durable & less likely to be realiz$ 9 a numb] ( p]sons4444 ,9 man & woman we f9d a di/9ct t5d5cy t[>ds ! =mation ( ?is d\ble unit ( w$d$ life 444 & :ile we d n want to /amp su* natural unions ) any false irrevocability or dogmatic exclusiv5ess1 :at we d want is a recognition to-day ( ! t5d5cy to _! =mation z a natural fact indep5d5t ( any artificial laws40 7,m>riage1 ,edw>d ,c>p5t]1 p4 #ca47 ,! natural re/ra9ts or *ecks ^u undue indulg5ce 9 sex-int]c\rse ext5d f ! physical or mat]ial plane to ! spiritual plane4 ,^! are--consid]ations ( heal?2 feel+s ( unselfi%ness & social duty2 & a spiritual1 i4e4 an ideal1 conception ( humanity & ( all ! manifold relations ( life4 ,unselfi%ness is pre-em95tly ! natural *eck & regulator ( sex relations1 & n until love is emancipat$ f selfi%ness w x rea* an ideal =m4 ,if we love unselfi%ly we desire ! happ9ess & fre$om ( ! be+ lov$ ev5 to ! ext5t ( self-abnegation2 tyranny & jeal\sy become impossible4 ,all natural *ecks w necess>ily /r5g!n & gr[ z humanity rises high] 9 ! scale ( be+2 moreov]1 education is b\nd--"u racial progress--to become to ea* succe$+ g5]ation a mu* m adequate guide ?an hi!rto4 ,ev5 9 ! pres5t day1 x w\ld n be difficult to get y\?s & girls at ! age ( romance to und]/& t 8?\gh !y may h to cont5d ) "s sup]fluity ( passion 9 e>ly ye>s1 ! mo/ p]man5t & deeply-root$ desire )9 !m w1 9 all probability1 lead !m at la/ to f9d _! complete happ9ess & self-fulfilm5t only 9 a close union ) a life-mate02 to und]/& also t 8t[>ds ?is end !y mu/ be prep>$ to use self-control1 to prev5t ! aimless /ray+ ( _! passions1 & pati5ce & t5d]ness t[>ds ! realization ( ! union :5 its "t comes40 7,edw>d ,c>p5t]47 ,?is tea*+ w\ld br+ to ! "y a f> tru] conception ( ! sacr$ness ( m>riage ?an our m>riage laws & cu/oms give4 ,x mu/ nev] be =gott51 h[ev]1 t ?is "q ( m>riage & e o!r social "q mu/ be view$ 9 relation to k9dr$ topics4 ,a sectional treatm5t ( society w surely mislead if we fail to recall ! *anges go+ =w>d 9 e dep>tm5t ( life1 & ! close connexion t exi/s betwe5 ! =ces ( social & individual evolution4 ,sci5tific meliorism implies a recon/ruction ( dome/ic life2 &1 )9 ! new environm5t1 ! in/ruct+ ( y\? & its guidance 9 sex-conduct w become comp>atively easy4 ,nor is x only by ! tra9+ & guidance ( y\? t m>riage w be fav\rably affect$ 9 a new dome/ic sy/em4 ,! t5d5cy to tyranny )9 ! home--an abhorr5t feature ( pa/ monogamy--w h no opportunity to appe>2 & two undesirable female types--! idle f9e lady & ! h\sehold drudge--w become z ext9ct z ! dodo4 ,outside ! prec9cts ( home1 l>ge social & indu/rial *anges w promote ! disappe>ance ( ! pro/itute1 & f9ally !re w em]ge ! truly emancipat$ woman1 fe>less & enlight5$--a capable guide to man 9 ! task ( consci\sly subord9at+ passions t are selfi% & transitory to ^? deep] atta*m5ts & high] emotions t give bir? to spiritual love4 8,is m>riage a failure80 has be5 boldly ask$ & widely discuss$ 9 comp>atively rec5t ye>s2 & t ! audible answ]--sadly re-e*o$ 9 ?\s&s ( he>ts--0 9 ! affirmative1 %[s a :olesome awak5+ to facts--an awak5+ t inevitably prec$es all real re=ms 9 an epo* ( consci\s evolution4 ,s p]meat$ ) selfi%ness is ! m5tal atmosph]e surr\nd+ all que/ions ( sex t ! rule ( life ,i "h indicate w be utt]ly di/a/eful to ^? :o accept ! rgime ( cu/om4 ,yet z reg>ds morality or an e?ical code1 !re are two1 & two only1 logical attitudes ( m9d4 ,ei!r we mu/ ?9k ( ! /amp+ out ( all sexual feel+ on ! gr\nd ( its purely animal nature1 & limit+ physical union to ! utmo/ t is compatible ) p]petuation ( species2 or we mu/ ?9k ( a gradual elevat+ ( sexual in/9ct & action to a dignifi$ position 9 human life ) due consid]ation = ! desires & ne$s ( e "o aft] pub]ty is rea*$4 ,! fir/ is practically impossible to ! va/ majority ( ! race at its pres5t /age ( developm5t4 ,!y w\ld simply refuse submission to ! intol]able re/ra9ts necessitat$4 ,9 effect1 ! ascetic answ] to problems ( sex is no actual solution1 b a %elv+ ( ! fundam5tal "q1 ) a tacit acceptance ( ! prodigi\s evils ar\nd u 9 respect bo? ( sex-union & ! adv5t ( *ildr54 ,! only rational c\rse is t ( elevat+ & regulat+ ^! relations 9 view ( human happ9ess4 ,?is implies a /eady repression ( anti-social emotions & p]si/5t cultivation ( unselfi%ness4 ,our m>ital habits ( selfi% appropriation & jeal\s control are 9 direct opposition to ! moral elevation ( sexual in/9ct4 ,selfi%ness degrades :]e x p5etrates1 & ! problem is to rescue our sexual =ces f selfi%ness1 & utilize ^! =ces1 i4e4 make !m subs]ve ! int]e/s ( social virtue4 ,hi!rto1 !y h be5 ignor$ & neglect$--a result ( false ?9k+ & ascetic tea*+1 :ile 9 actual life !y h run riot1 creat+ incalculable evils4 ,! ,briti% race publicly pr(esses monogamy & prea*es to ! "y a ,puritan doctr9e4 ,privately ! drama enact$ w\ld disgrace a civilization ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,9 ! l[] classes wife-beat+ & murd]1 9 ! upp] classes ! hide\s revelations ( ! ,divorce ,c\rt1 witness to ! impurity & ! mis]y ( our boa/$ monogamy4 ,we tol]ate lic5ce1 we condemn & conceal vici\s prop5sities2 we h>b\r a social evil ( gigantic magnitude1 we p]mit hypocrisy to prevail1 we in/igate ! "y to =m self-int]e/$ m]cantile m>riages4 ,we are corrupt 9 our social life & m5tally debas$1 = we refuse to ?9k out a rational code ( sex morals1 & )\t t we %all nev] atta9 to a l(ty conception1 a true ideal ( :at life ought to be4 ,our mod]n monogamy 9 its inw>dness is n falsely pictur$ 9 ?is indictm5t3 8,! comm]cialism :i* buys & sells all human ?+s2 ! n>r[ physical passion ( jeal\sy2 ! petty s5se ( private prop]ty 9 ano!r p]son2 social op9ions & legal enactm5ts1 h all conv]g$ to *oke & suffocate w$d$ love 9 egoism1 lu/ & meanness40 7,edw>d ,c>p5t]'s ,m>riage1 p4 #ch47 ,9 view ( g5]al happ9ess & virtue1 we mu/ seek ! abrogation ( all laws bas$ on or involv+ sex-inequality4 ,&1 fur!r1 t m>riage may become trans=m$ into a sacr$1 sympa!tic & p]man5t bond--a deep] & tru] relation ( life--we mu/ seek facilities = divorce or ! abrogation ( ! specific law t b9ds be+s toge!r = life 9 ill-assort$ or artificial unions4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,p>5tage ,! simple fact t ! bir? ( a human be+1 ! image ( ,god1 z religi\s p say1 is 9 s _m cases reg>d$ z ( v mu* less importance ?an t ( a dome/ic animal1 proves ! degrad$ condition 9 :i* we live4--,,augu/ ,,bebel4 ,! reproduction ( species yields to no o!r special function ( life 9 respect ( importance & ! wide scope ( its vital issues4 ,not)/&+ t va/ numb]s ( illegitimate *ildr5 are born 9 e civiliz$ c\ntry :]e monogamy reigns1 ?is function ( reproduction is popul>ly reg>d$ z alli$ ) m>riage 9 ! ord] ( a natural & necess>y consequ5ce--a result irrespective ( human w4 ,n[ sci5tific meliorism makes a cle> di/9ction betwe5 m>riage & p>5tage on ! gr\nd t1 :ile ! =m] comp>atively is ( insignificant importance to ! int]e/s ( humanity 9 g5]al1 p>5tage is ( vital mom5t to ^! int]e/s2 moreov]1 betwe5 ! two !re exi/s no integral or ess5tial relation4 ,on ! "o h&1 prog5y spr+ f unions n legaliz$ by m>riage2 on ! o!r1 _m m>ri$ p1 sway$ by motives *iefly egoi/ic1 b sometimes altrui/ic1 are consci\sly ex]cis+ a volunt>y re/ra9t ov] propagation4 ,! late ,mat!w ,arnold tells u t :5 gaz+ on "o occasion 9 company ) a b5evol5t man ^u a multitude ( slum *ildr5 eat5 up ) disease1 half-siz$1 half-f$1 half-clo!d1 neglect$ by _! p>5ts1 )\t heal?1 )\t home1 )\t hope1 ! good man said3 8,! "o ?+ really ne$ful is to tea* ^! little ones to succ\r "o ano!r1 if only ) a cup ( cold wat]40 ,mr4 ,arnold promptly reject$ t !ory4 8,s long z ! multitude ( ^! poor *ildr5 is p]petually swell+10 said he1 8!y mu/ be *>g$ ) mis]y to !mselves & u1 :e!r !y help "o ano!r ) a cup ( cold wat] or no1 & ! k h[ to prev5t !m accumulat+ is :at we want40 ,t k is no long] inaccessible to man4 ,!re are kn[n rational me?ods by :i* to keep ! populat+ t5d5cy )9 due limits1 & at ! same "t to promote individual prud5ce1 =esight & self-dep5d5ce4 ,neo-,mal?usianism1 ) its p[] ( subjugat+ ! law ( population & def]r+ p>5tage1 is a new key to ! social position1 & neo-,mal?usian practice has already tak5 root 9 ,briti% society4 ,! discov]y is ( va/ significance1 s great are its lat5t possibilities ( promot+ univ]sal happ9ess4 ,b z long z reproduction ( human physical life is left to haphaz>d1 & ! rule ( private1 p]sonal int]e/s alone1 )\t any hon\rable recognition1 intellig5t guidance1 or moral & economic support1 ! imm$iate effect on national life is1 & w cont9ue to be1 ! v rev]se ( b5eficial4 ,mat!w ,arnold's exhortation 9 respect ( ! slum *ildr5 03 8,we mu/ let consci5ce play freely & simply ^u ! facts ( ! case2 we mu/ li/5 to :at x tells u ( ! intelligible law ( ?+s z conc]ns ^! *ildr51 & :at x tells u is t a man's *ildr5 are n really s5t any m ?an ! pictures ^u 8 walls or ! horses 9 8 /able are s5t1 & t to br+ p into ! _w :5 "o _c af=d to keep !m & oneself dec5tly1 or to br+ m ( !m into ! _w ?an "o c af=d to keep ?us1 is by no means an accompli%m5t ( ! ,div9e ,w or a fulfilm5t ( nature's simple/ laws1 b is contr>y to reason & ! w ( ,god40 7,culture & ,an>*y1 p4 #bdf47 ,?is remon/rance address$ to ! ri* 7^! alone h pictures on _! walls & horses 9 _! /ables7 may h _h "s effect1 = c]ta9 x is t 9 ! upp] classes artificial *ecks to conception are n[ widely us$1 :ile slum *ildr5 %[ no t5d5cy to proportionately dim9i% 9 numb]4 ,individuals ^: /&>d ( liv+ is high1 & ^: pecuni>y means are small1 or :o are ?\ghtful1 intellig5t1 prud5t1 ei!r refra9 f m>riage1 or1 m>ry+1 *eck propagation4 ,! natural result is t *ildr5 ( ! comp>atively sup]ior types are becom+ num]ically weak] ?an *ildr5 ( ! ?\ghtless1 reckless memb]s ( society :o ex]cise _! reproductive p[]s to ! utmo/4 ,x is supremely important t we %\ld recognize h[ p>5tage be>s ^u human life & happ9ess 9 f> wid] relations ?an ei!r sexual union alone or m>riage alone4 ,ma9t5ance ( species has hi!rto be5 accompli%$ at an enorm\s sacrifice ( individual life4 ,! requirem5t t !re %all arise a full numb] ( adults 9 successive g5]ations is fulfill$ by means :i* subord9ate ! exi/+ & next succe$+ memb]s ( ! species 9 v>i\s degrees4 7,see ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s ,pr9ciples ( ,sociology1 vol4 i4 p4 #fba47 ,among l[ =ms--inf]ior to ! human organism--! g]ms ( new individuals are produc$ 9 imm5se numb]s1 ! l>g] "p ( ! p>5tal sub/ance be+ sometimes trans=m$ into ^! g]ms4 ,bir? "h may be imm$iately foll[$ by ! dea? ( ! p>5t organism1 & an imm5se mortality ( ! "y may take place--consequ5t on def5celess exposure1 insuffici5t food & o!r unt[>d conditions4 8,( a million m9ute ova left unc>$ =1 ! majority are de/roy$ be=e !y are hat*$1 s t v few h consid]able am\nts ( individual life40 7,ibid4 p4 #fbb47 ,?r\gh\t ! c\rse ( evolution ! natural ord] 9 mov+ f high] to high] types is a gradual decrease ( ?is condition1 viz4 ! sacrifice ( individual life to ! life ( ! species1 & at ! same "t an increase ( comp5sat+ pleasures alli$ ) ! reproductive function4 ,:5 illu/rat+ ?is natural ord]1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] po9ts to ! me?ods among fi%es & amphibians contra/$ ) ^? among birds & mammals4 ,! spawn ( ! =m] :5 safely deposit$ is g5]ally left to its fate4#c ,!re is physical co/ to adults ) app>5tly no accompany+ gratifications4 ,birds & mammals1 h[ev]1 c>efully re> & t5d _! (fspr+4 8,! activities ( p>5?ood are s\rces ( agreeable emotions1 j z are ! activities :i* a*ieve self-su/5tation40 ,footnote #c3 ,!re are exceptions to ! rule1 z 9 ! case ( ! male /ickleback4 ,pass+ f ! less intellig5t v]tebrates :i* produce _m "y at %ort int]vals & ab&on !m at an e>ly age1 to ! m intellig5t high] v]tebrates :i* produce few "y at long] int]vals & aid !m = long] p]iods1 ?is pr9ciple cle>ly em]ges--8,:ile ! rate ( juv5ile mortality is dim9i%$1 !re results bo? a less5$ physical co/ ( ma9ta9+ ! species & an augm5t$ satisfaction ( ! affections40 7,pr9ciples ( ,sociology1 vol4 i4 p4 #fbh47 ,!re is no rev]sal ( ?is g5etic ord] ( nature 9 ! epo* ( consci\s evolution4 ,! processes are diff]5t1 because man possesses develop$ intellect1 aid$ by sci5tific k & inv5tion z a new & skill$ ally 9 ! /ruggle to ma9ta9 8 species at less & less co/ ( individual life & happ9ess2 b ! g5]al =w>d movem5t takes precisely ! same c\rse4 ,) ! highe/ evolv$ type ( man ?is sacrifice ( individual life to ! species is r$uc$ to a m9imum1 :ile ! int]e/s ( species are cons]v$ 9 a pa9less1 a :olly sup]ior mann]4 ,&1 fur!r1 ! entire range ( dome/ic feel+s--p>5tal1 filial1 frat]nal & intimately social1 become ext5d$ & increas+ly capable ( be/[+ endur+ pleasure4 ,! ultimate goal is easy ma9t5ance ( species1 )\t--to any unpleasurable ext5t--subord9at+ s+le memb]s ( species to t end4 ,love ( (fspr+1 z already expla9$1 has no reproductive in/9ct at its base4 ,x is a feel+--sup]impos$ on organic nature--dep5d5t on family life or arrangem5ts t involve p>5tal c>e & m or less ( adult activity direct$ to ! well-be+ ( ! "y4 ,?is s5tim5t ( love ( (fspr+ or philoprog5itiv5ess1 is well e/abli%$ 9 ! ,briti% race2 b ) rampant pov]ty 9 our mid/1 c we wond] t 9 hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( individual cases ! pat]nal relation--s capable ( fill+ ! he>t ) t5d] emotions & joy--creates an actual disgu/1 or a feel+ ( despair1 malignancy1 ev5 inju/ice1 z is %[n 9 ! t\*+ little satire1 ,g9x's ,baby4 ,g9x frankly gave 8 wife notice t1 z 8 utmo/ ef=ts c\ld sc>cely ma9ta9 _! exi/+ family1 if %e v5tur$ to pres5t him ) any m1 ei!r s+le or tw9s 444 8he w\ld mo/ assur$ly dr[n him40 ,lat]1 :5 ! arrival ( numb] ?irte5 is imm95t--! wife be+ unable long] to hide ! imp5d+ ev5t--,g9x fix$ 8 det]m9ation by mu* ?\ght & a little extra dr9k+4 ,he argu$ ?us3 8,he w\ldn't g on ! p>i%4 ,he c\ldn't keep ano!r y\ng/] to save 8 life4 ,he _h nev] tak5 *>ity & nev] w\ld4 ,!re 0 no?9k to d ) x b dr[n x40 ,nor is ev5 ! mat]nal relation pro( aga9/ bitt]ness 9 unt[>d conditions1 al?\gh ! feel+s w be diff]5tly express$1 & may possibly assume a pi\s g>b4 8,i've 'ad my fifte5 or my tw5ty on 'em1 b1 ?ank 'eav51 ! *ur*y>d 'z /ood my fri5d40 ,^! or simil> words h (t5 be5 he>d 9 an ,engli% factory t[n4 ,! wom5 speak+ ?us 7 n o!rwise call\s or incapable ( "m-love4 ,!y 7 g5tle1 pati5t1 toil+ drudges1 :o _h _h ! philoprog5itiv5ess ( av]age human nature & ! t5d] joys ( mat]nity p]v]t$ into secret c>e & op5 hypocritical cant by ! physical /ra9 ( a too-frequ5t *ild-be>+1 comb9$ ) ! mis]ies ( ceaseless lab\r1 p9*$ means1 & com=tless1 cr[d$ homes4 ,! frequ5t adv5t ( *ildr5 :o are unwelcome to _! own p>5ts 9 a society no long] ignorant ( ! sci5tific means by :i* its weake/ memb]s may avoid p>5tage1 )\t any de/ruction ( life or any injury to sexual function1 is m>vell\sly irrational1 & x indicates div]g5ce f ! well-m>k$ pa? ( evolutional progress4 ,opposition to neo-,mal?usian practice arises f primitive conceptions ( life 7conceptions antec$5t to evolutional !ory71 :ile all ! v>i\s undef9$ scruples pa9fully exp]i5c$ by individuals are survivals ( ! s5tim5t alli$ ) ^! false conceptions4 ,prejudice dies sl[ly1 z ignorance is dispell$ by ! gr[+ light ( new k4 ,i h %[n t asceticism is an immoral pr9ciple1 ! action ( :i* t5ds to fill individual life ) gloom & depression1 & to ?w>t or c\nt]act g5]al happ9ess4 ,i h also %[n ! absolute necessity = ret>d+ ! multiplication ( human be+s to suit ! limits ( available subsi/5ce4 ,& n[1 aft] po9t+ out t philoprog5itiv5ess--:i* is ! gr\ndwork ( dome/ic & social virtue1 & ought to be ! ma9spr+ ( reproduction ( species--is cont9ually liable to be /ra9$1 depress$ or p]v]t$ into anti-social bitt]ness 9 p>5tal bosoms among ! l[] classes1 ,i mu/ ask ! "q3 ,h[ o!rwise ?an by ! easie/ me?od kn[n to sci5ce c\ld ! difficulties ( ! position be met & ov]come8 ,messrs4 ,patrick ,g$des & ,j4 ,a4 ,?omson1 9 _! treatise on ! ,evolution ( ,sex1 urge ! necessity ( :at !y call 8an e?ical r ?an a me*anical prud5ce aft] m>riage1 ( a temp]ance recogniz$ to be z b9d+ on husb& & wife z *a/ity on ! unm>ri$40 7,! ,evolution ( ,sex1 p4 #big47 ,b :at d ^! g5tlem5 mean by ! temp]ance "h recomm5d$8 ,x is surely well kn[n t ! bir? ( a l>ge family is p]fectly consi/5t ) a sp>+1 mo/ temp]ate ex]cise ( ! procreative function2 & surely also x w\ld be folly on our "p to look = p>5tal conduct controll$ by e?ical motive 9 ! w>r5s ( ! poor ( our l>ge cities1 f :5ce spr+s an important section ( ! national life4 7,social ,control ( ! ,bir? ,rate1 ,pamphlet by ,g4 ,a4 ,gaskell47 ,9 ! homes ( ! upp] classes1 adorn$ ) all ! am5ities & ref9em5ts ( civilization1 p>5tal prud5ce results ma9ly f egoi/ic motive4 ,practical re=m]s w hesitate to assume t ^?--! less fav\r$ social units--are likely to surpass ^! 9 moral elevation1 & demean !mselves g5]ally 9 a sup]ior mann]6 ,b fur!r1 a p>5tal prud5ce1 disp5s+ ) me*anical me?ods ( *eck+ propagation1 may ev5 prove ! conv]se ( e?ical conduct4 ,advanc$ sexual morality requires a free & heal?ful ex]cise ( sexual function4 ,t su* fre$om is n possible "u pres5t social conditions is irrelevant to ! "q at issue2 ! po9t is t conduct unnecess>ily trav]s+ ?is advanc$ sexual morality is n 9 accordance ) rationaliz$ social e?ics2 x has no sci5tific basis4 ,p>5tal morals mu/ con=m to ! pr9ciple indicat$ by ,h]b]t ,sp5c]--r$uce to a m9imum ! sacrifice ( individual life & happ9ess to ! life ( ! species2 augm5t to ! maximum ! joys ( affection involv$ 9 p>5tal relations4 ,?is is possible to a race among :i* are be+s ( l[ intellig5ce & unre/ra9$ passion only by br++ into play ! laws ( h]$ity ?r\gh rational bre$+4 ,b rational bre$+ dep5ds on an appeal to ord9>y egoi/ic motive & practical resort to ! pa9less me*anical means ( *eck+ conception4 ,!re is no g5]al unwill+ness to limit _! families among ! poor2 :at is lack+ consi/s simply 9 p[] ( control ov] ! physical conditions ( f]tility4 ,to see *ildr5 half-/>v$ & wives sickly & mis]able is no m pleasant to p>5ts ( ! ,g9x ord] ?an to ^? ( u :o view x f a safe di/ance2 & !re is ample intellig5ce to p]ceive ! connexion betwe51 on ! "o h&1 discom=t & pov]ty att5dant on a family ( t5 or twelve1 on ! o!r1 comp>ative com=t alli$ ) a family ( only ?ree or f\r4 ,a code ( e?ics cov]+ ! int]e/s ( ! entire nation comm&s /r5u\s ef=t on ! "p ( all ?\ghtful1 intellig5t p to make ! artificial *ecks kn[n to ! ?\ghtless & un9tellig5t4 ,x is n by pr\dly reject+ sci5tific inv5tion 9 ?is matt] t we %all atta9 to developm5t ( high] & high] types ( man1 b by skilfully us+ x z a p[]ful ally 9 our /ruggle to ma9ta9 & reg5]ate species at less & less co/ to individual happ9ess4 ,ap>t altoge!r f man's p>tial practice ( neo-,mal?usian art1 "u egoi/ic motives1 civilization has creat$ an int]f]5ce ) ! orig9al ord] ( race pres]vation "u g5]\s or altrui/ic motive4 ,social feel+ sl[ly develop+ revolts--9 detail--f ! cruel me?od ( ! law ( natural selection4 ,x spontane\sly sup]s$es t law by "o ( sympa!tic selection4 ,b :]eas ! =m] law issu$ 9 survival ( ! fitte/1 ! latt] issues day by day 9 indiscrim9ate survival1 & consequ5t race det]ioration4 ,a controll$ rate ( increase is n !re=e ! only position to :i* reason & sci5ce mu/ guide u2 we h fur!r to escape f ! disa/r\s consequ5ces ( ! above law & pass to conditions ( life evolv$ "u ! b5ign influ5ce ( a rational & moral law--a law ( social selection1 result+ 9 appropriate bir?1 or ! bir? ( ! socially fit4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( our pres5t day population ) :om family life is no :it sup]ior to t ( birds1 ^: pair+ is imm$iately foll[$ by rapid bre$+ & a complete scatt]+ ( ! brood :5 ! "y are b>ely fl$g$4 ,a wise philan?ropy 9 l9e ) ! m>* ( progressive evolution may lift ^! ?\s&s to ! level ( ! high] v]tebrates1 8:i* produce few "y at long] int]vals & give !m aid = long] p]iods40 ,! recalcitrant m9ority refus+ to practice p>5tal prud5ce mu/ be treat$ by society z abnormal individuals1 incapable ( ris+ to ! /&>d ( av]age civiliz$ human nature1 & ^! mu/ be subject$ to social re/ra9t4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,abnormal ,,humanity ,m5 may rise on /epp+-/ones ,( _! dead selves to high] ?+s4 --,f ,9 ,memoriam4 ,,! ,,elim9ation ,,( ,,crime ,_m a man ?9ks t x is 8 goodness :i* keeps him f crime1 :5 x is only 8 full /oma*4 ,on half all[ance1 he w\ld be z ugly & knavi% z anybody4 ,don't mi/ake potatoes = pr9ciples4--,,c>lyle4 ,a normal *ild ( five ye>s once ask$ ! mean+ ( ?is expression--8hang+ a murd]]10 & aft] explanation said eag]ly1 8,b w hang+ ! man make t o!r man alive aga980 ,on receiv+ a negative reply1 ! remon/rance bur/ =?1 8,!n :y kill him1 s9ce :5 he is dead we c nev] make him good aga980 ,?is is a true picture ( ! ?9k+ & feel+ ab\t crime :i* is natural to ! be/ types ( our pres5t-day humanity4 ,^! dem& t our puni%m5ts %all ei!r re=m ! crim9al or protect society effectively f 8 malfeasance4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 our crim9al code & :ole ma*9]y & proc$ure relative to crime accompli% nei!r1 & ?is is freely admitt$ by m5 ^: position enables !m to judge accurately & entitles !m to express an op9ion4 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,mat!w has said at ! ,birm+ham ,assizes t ! pres5t /ate ( ! crim9al law is a hundr$ ye>s beh9d ! times4 ,sir ,edmund ,du ,cane1 ,*airman ( ! ,directors ( ,convict ,prisons1 says ( ! solit>y sy/em practis$ 9 our p5al prisons3 8,x is an artificial /ate ( exi/5ce1 absolutely oppos$ to t :i* nature po9ts out z ! condition ( m5tal1 moral & physical heal?4444 ,! m9ds ( ! prison]s become enfeebl$ by long-cont9u$ isolation40 ,9 ! ,(ficial ,report ( ! ,dep>tm5tal ,committee on ,prisons1 #ahie1 ^! words occur3 8,! prison]s h be5 treat$ too mu* z a hopeless or wor?less "p ( ! community4 ,! moral condition 9 :i* a l>ge numb] ( prison]s leave ! prison1 & ! s]i\s numb] ( recommittals1 h l$ u to ?9k !re is ample cause = a se>*+ inquiry into ! ma9 features ( prison life40 ,! late ,judge ,fitz-,/eph5 publi%$ 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,crim9al ,law 9 #ahhc1 & po9t$ !re to 8notori\s evils ( :i* x is difficult10 said he1 8to f9d a satisfactory rem$y40 ,nev]!less1 he put d[n 8 f+] on ! crucial spot :5 he wrote 8! law proce$s ^u ! pr9ciple t x is morally "r to hate crim9als4 ,x confirms & ju/ifies t s5tim5t by inflict+ ^u crim9als puni%m5t :i* expresses x40 ,b x is n "r to hate crim9als4 ,x is morally wrong1 i4e4 x is contr>y to ^! laws ( nature1 by :i* alone an elevat$ & happy social life may be atta9$4 ,! emotion ( hatr$ creates vibrations produc+ evil on ! moral plane1 z c]ta9ly z discordant s\nds1 act+ on s5sitive e>s1 produce discom=t2 &1 if p]si/$ 91 produce organic disorganization on ! physical plane4 ,h5ce1 all puni%m5t or legal proc$ure direct$ aga9/ crime1 hav+ hatr$ at its f\ndation1 or hi/oric base1 mu/ fail4 ,on ! negative side1 hatr$ has prov$ ineffectual 9 protect+ society f crime4 ,on ! positive side1 x increases ! anti-social feel+s1 ^: natural outcome is crime1 & fru/rates1 or annuls1 ! human =ces ( love1 :i* already widely exi/5t1 & sway+ humanity's be/ types1 are ! true evolutional factors by :i* to annihilate crime4 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,mat!w 0 simply ass]t+ a fact ( social sci5ce :5 he /at$ t ! crim9al law is out ( date4 ,x consi/s ) a primitive /age ( social life2 b x is totally inconsi/5t ) ev5 ! semi-civilization ( to-day4 ,! fundam5tal discord betwe5 our action & feel+ relative to crime decl>es itself 9 ! unc]ta9ty ( a crim9al's fate & ! /eady survival ( 8 type4 ,b1 my read]1 :ile accept+ ,ju/ice ,mat!w's premise1 may d\bt ! conclusion at :i* ,judge ,fitz-,/eph5 arriv$--t v9dictiv5ess or hate lies at ! root ( our crim9al code1 & t our puni%m5ts express x4 ,moreov]1 he may condemn by anticipation a suppos$ t5d5cy on my "p to c5sure all puni%m5ts1 & rely solely on a laissez-faire sy/em ( deal+ ) crime4 ,sci5tific meliorism1 h[ev]1 does n imply an>*y or ! abs5ce ( gov]n+ law4 ,its me?ods repudiate ! laissez-faire pr9ciple 9 e dep>tm5t ( life1 = ?is reason3 ,our develop$ faculties & accumulat$ k make unt5able ! negative or in]t position4 ,we are impell$ 9 an epo* ( consci\s evolution to take positive action fav\rable to progress4 ,my cont5tion is ?is3 love ( all m51 n hatr$ ( any man or class ( m5 ought to be ! basis ( our crim9al code4 ,mod]n sci5ce1 exp]i5ce & skill are compet5t to r$eem ! crim9al class1 speak+ g5]ally1 & 9 exceptional cases1 :]e r$emption is impossible1 c r5d] ! crim9al innocu\s to society1 :ile giv+ him ?r\gh\t life su* innoc5t happ9ess z a be+ organically defective may enjoy4 ,?is !sis embraces a v wide range ( action4 ,x means ! sy/ematic rational treatm5t ( evil-do]s1 f ! refractory infant & juv5ile pickpocket to ! burgl>1 ! fraudul5t bankrupt1 ! felon1 ! traitor1 ! murd]]1 & if any exi/1 ! born crim9al4 ,x signifies1 9 %ort1 a complete sci5ce complem5t>y to t ( true education4 ,= :]eas ! latt] comprises all mann] ( attractive /imuli to noble liv+1 ?is is ! sci5ce ( necess>y social re/ra9ts to be appli$ 9 nurs]y1 s*ool & prison ) ! univ]sal g5tl5ess :i* spr+s f univ]sal love4 ,! purpose to be aim$ at is1 fir/1 improv+ "* by re/ra9+ obnoxi\s t5d5cies2 second1 re=m+ "* already become anti-social2 ?ird1 protect+ society f all corrupt infusion t might proce$ f morally diseas$ "*4 ,a lead+ pr9ciple ( ! crim9al law ( ,great ,brita9 is t puni%m5t be adju/$ 9 proportion to ! suppos$ magnitude ( ea* individual (f5ce4 ,if we /udy ?is pr9ciple1 we mu/ p]ceive ! tru? ( ,judge ,fitz-,/eph5's allegation1 = :at connexion has x ) ! re=mation ( ! crim9al8 ,a judge or a jury makes no attempt to compute ! am\nt ( prison re/ra9t & discipl9e necess>y to re=mation1 nor are !y possess$ ( facts = =m+ a judgm5t4 ,_! :ole att5tion has be5 focuss$ on ! crime1 n on ! "* ( ! crim9al1 or ! antec$5t & future conditions affect+ ! "*4 ,nei!r does ! judicial s5t5ce connect itself proportionately ) ! mis*ief done to society4 ,a fraudul5t bank] or comm]cial speculator1 ^: d[nfall involves ! ru9 ( ?\s&s1 is n dealt )1 z comp>$ ) a petty ?ief1 on a scale ( sev]ity expressive ( ! magnitude ( suff]+ entail$4 ,& ! petty ?ief1 :o /eals ! ri* man's goods1 z comp>$ ) ! crim9al :o beats & abuses 8 wife1 is adjudg$ a sev]] p5alty--a measure ( puni%m5t indicat+ ! sup]ior value ( goods ov] wives1 :i* is a s5tim5t appropriate only to b>b>\s times4 ,^! anomalies1 h[ev]1 are expla9able4 ,our laws h desc5d$ to u f a b>b>\s age1 :5 might 0 "r1 irrespective ( ju/ice2 & f a race ^: puni%m5ts sprang f rev5ge1 & 7 r\ghly proportion$ to ! feel+ ( rev5ge4 ,!y are little else ?an reaction>y =ces1 ( :i* "s are always pres5t 9 an in*oate society4 ,_! inapplicability to ! task ( re=m+ crim9als is easily prov$4 ,9 ,scotl& 9 a s+le ye> n few] ?an 8six hundr$ & n9ety p]sons 7 committ$ to prison :o _h be5 9 conf9em5t at lea/ t5 times be=e4 ,( ^!1 ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-?ree _h be5 9 prison at lea/ tw5ty times be=e1 & tw5ty-?ree at lea/ fifty times60 7,hill on ,crime1 p4 #bh47 ,^! figures speak = !mselves4 ,our :ole sy/em is gl>+ly unsci5tific4 ,we d n remove ! conditions t act z causes ( crime4 ,we puni%1 & sometimes sev]ely1 yet we let loose aga9 (f5d]s n "o :it m prep>$ ?an be=e to )/& ! temptations ( fre$om4 ,we calmly support & approve an enorm\s exp5diture ( public funds ^u crim9als & crime2 we c>efully select good m5 to be prison manag]s1 (fic]s & *apla9s2 we secure cleanl9ess & sanitation )9 ! prisons1 & s =?2 b ^! ef=ts are utt]ly futile because ! sy/em is wrong--! crim9al law ( ,great ,brita9 is bas$ ^u a false1 an irrational pr9ciple4 ,! causes ( crime )9 our prov9ce to deal ) are ( a two-fold nature--objective & subjective4 ,pov]ty1 i4e4 hung] & want1 a slum environm5t1 r\gh h&l+ 9 infancy & *ildhood1 a mis*iev\s tra9+ & ! abs5ce ( all conditions fav\rable to g5tle1 virtu\s life--^! are "s ( ! objective causes creat+ crime :i* society is b\nd to remove4 ,among causes decid+ ! innate "* ( e newly-born babe1 ! =ces ( h]$ity /& out conspicu\sly4 ,i h demon/rat$ t aggregate humanity1 9 a sci5tific age1 has ! means ( controll+ ^! =ces & direct+ !m to ! production ( physical1 m5tal & moral heal? 9 ! individual1 & consequ5tly 9 ! community4 ,! born crim9al type may become gradually improv$ by c>eful & wise treatm5t "u life-long re/ra9ts4 ,mean:ile1 to seek re=mation ( ?is type1 by prison discipl9e alone1 & treat x by me?ods adapt$ to corrigible culprits1 is a folly di%on\r+ to ! develop$ reason ( man4 ,we h abundant evid5ce t ! type exi/s4 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,hill1 late ,inspector ( ,prisons1 says3 8,no?+ has be5 m cle>ly %[n 9 ! c\rse ( my inquiries ?an t crime is h]$it>y to a consid]able ext5t 444 x proce$s f fa!r to son 9 a long l9e ( succession40 7,hill on ,crime1 p4 #ee47 ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,?omson1 ,resid5t ,surgeon ( ! ,p]? ,prison1 /ates ( ! facts ( prison life3 8,!y press on my m9d ! conviction t crime 9 g5]al is a moral disease ( a *ronic & cong5ital nature1 intractable :5 transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation40 ,& ,mr4 ,george ,combe1 speak+ ( prisons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 wrote3 8,i h put ! "q to _m keep]s ( prisons :e!r !y believ$ 9 ! possibility ( re=m+ all (f5d]s4 ,f ^? ^: m9ds 7 humane & p5etrat+1 ,i h receiv$ ! answ]--!y did n1 = exp]i5ce _h conv9c$ !m t "s crim9als are incorrigible by any human means hi!rto discov]$4 ,^! incorrigibles10 says ,george ,combe--& ?is is ! po9t to obs]ve1 87 always f\nd to h defective organizations2 444 !y are morally idiotic2 & ju/ice1 z well z humanity1 dictates our treat+ !m z pati5ts4 ,!y lab\r "u great natural defects2 444 to puni% !m = actions proce$+ f ^! natural defects is no m j or b5eficial to society ?an x w\ld be to puni% m5 = hav+ crook$ sp9es or club feet40 7,george ,combe's ,moral ,philosophy1 p4 #cjf47 ,& ,i c\ld ref] to _m m au?orities on ! subject 7 x necess>y4 ,accept+ ! !ory t our born-crim9als are victims ( moral disease1 ! "q arises--h[ %\ld we treat !m8 ,fifty ye>s ago we sorely maltreat$ our victims to m5tal disease4 ,we b\nd !m h& & foot1 we puni%$ !m /]nly = _! cong5ital defects1 we %unn$ & hat$ !m1 & because !y 7 m>tyrs to a pitiful disease we made !m also ! victims ( unnecess>y & cruel suff]+s4 ,few m5 to-day c\ld glance )\t a %udd] at ! record ( our treatm5t ( lunatics4 ,we consign ! hi/ory gladly to oblivion1 & po9t to *anges betok5+ ! bett] feel+ ( to-day4 8,no "o ?9ks ( s5d+ a madman to a lunatic asylum = a c]ta9 numb] ( days1 weeks or mon?s4 ,we c>efully asc]ta9 t he is unfit to be at l>ge1 & t ^? 9 ^: h&s we are ab\t to place him act "u due inspection & h ! k & skill :i* af=d ! be/ hope = 8 cure2 t !y w be k9d to him1 & inflict no m pa9 ?an is necess>y = 8 secure cu/ody 444 we leave x to !m to det]m9e if1 or :51 he c be safely lib]at$40 7,hill on ,crime1 p4 #aea47 ,^! are ! l9es on :i* also %\ld run our treatm5t ( moral disease4 ,if a man is unfit morally to be at l>ge1 we mu/ n>r[ ! conditions ( 8 life1 b make x z enjoyable )9 ! co]cive re/ra9ts z is compatible ) improvem5t4 ,& on no acc\nt mu/ we re/ore 8 lib]ty until ^? :o pr(essionally & (ficially wat* 8 daily conduct are conv9c$ t he w n aga9 be likely to abuse t lib]ty4 ,b ap>t altoge!r f individual del9qu5ts1 ! subjective racial t5d5cy to crime dem&s special treatm5t1 & 9 ?is reg>d ,i ma9ta9 t ! enlight5$ action ( an advanc$ society w be analog\s to ! ignorant action ( an e>ne/ *ur* 9 ! ,middle ,ages ) precisely opposite results4 8,! long p]iod ( ! ,d>k ,ages1 "u :i* ,europe lay1 0 due1 ,i believe1 9 a v consid]able degree10 says ,francis ,galton1 8to ! celibacy enjo9$ by religi\s ord]s on _! vot>ies4 ,:5ev] a man or woman 0 possess$ ( a g5tle nature t fitt$ him or h] to de$s ( *>ity1 to m$itation1 to lit]ature or to art1 ! social condition ( ! "t 0 su* t !y _h no refuge else:]e ?an 9 ! bosom ( ! *ur*4 ,b ! *ur* prea*$ & exact$ celibacy4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t ^! g5tle natures _h no cont9uance1 & by a policy s s+ul>ly unwise & suicidal t ,i am h>dly able to speak ( x )\t impati5ce1 ! *ur* brutaliz$ ! bre$ ( our =efa!rs4 ,%e act$ z if %e aim$ at select+ ! rude/ portion ( ! community to be alone ! p>5ts ( future g5]ations4 ,%e practis$ ! arts :i* bre$]s w\ld use :o aim$ at creat+ f]oci\s1 curri% & /upid natures4 ,no wond] t club law prevail$ = c5turies ov] ,europe2 ! wond] is1 t en\gh good rema9$ 9 ! ve9s ( ,europeans to enable _! race to rise to its pres5t v mod]ate level ( natural morality40 7,h]$it>y ,g5ius1 ,f4 ,galton1 p4 #cef47 ,a humane society1 guid$ by rational =ces 9 ! epo* ( consci\s evolution1 w practise ! policy ( ! *ur* ( ! ,middle ,ages on a diff]5t class ( subjects4 ,x w ga!r poor crim9als into its bosom1 & secure = !m a safe & happy refuge :ile exact+ celibacy4 ,! racial blood %all n be poison$ by moral disease4 ,! gu>dians ( ! pres5t-day social life d>e n be c>eless ( future social life & ! happ9ess ( g5]ations unborn2 !re=e ! crim9al bre$ mu/ be =cibly re/ra9$ f p]petuat+ its k9d4 ,n[ m>k ! result4 ,n g5tle natures--z 9 ! case ( ! *ur*--b ! innately vici\s natures w h no cont9uance4 ,! crim9al type sl[ly b surely disappe>s4 ,to promote ! cont5tm5t & com=t ( cong5ital crim9als )9 _! asylum or prison home an alt]native to celibacy might be (f]$1 viz4 surgical treatm5t1 to r5d] ! male incapable ( reproduction4 7,! treatm5t indicat$ is n ! op]ation ord9>ily p]=m$ ^u "s dome/ic animals2 ?is1 appli$ to human be+s1 w\ld be morally & physically injuri\s4 ,p>ticul>s ( ! appropriate me?od 7 publi%$ 9 ! ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal z e>ly z ,may #b1 #ahgd1 at p4 #ehf47 ,7 ?is c\rse volunt>ily *os51 ! sexes might int]m+le )\t dang] to po/]ity2 & s9ce full] social life t5ds to make all human be+s happi]1 ^! convicts w\ld become m manageable1 & co]cive re/ra9ts cease to be indisp5sable4 ,b ! crim9al /ock is n great :5 comp>$ ) ! actual crimes ( to-day4 ,crime 9 a va/ measure is simply produc$ by ! outw>d accid5tal conditions ( life--an evil environm5t & a grossly inadequate tra9+4 ,if we alt] ! environm5t ( our masses--by e/abli%+ a new indu/rial sy/em t bani%es pov]ty f ! l&1 by initiat+ a ,mal?usian & neo-,mal?usian practice t puts ! physical life on a heal?y basis1 by creat+ a family life suitable to man's emotional nature1 & supply+ a true education t embraces sci5tific re/ra9ts on all anti-social t5d5cies--!n1 b n till !n1 w crime & ! crim9al type alike become ?+s ( ! pa/4 ,we are surr\nd$ to-day 9 our re=matories & bo>d s*ools1 9 our homes & on our /reets1 by *ildr5 ( navely-disob$i5t or rebelli\s t5d5cy4 ,^! are ! embryo crim9als ( a few ye>s h5ce4 ,:5 a clev] romantici/ makes "o 8 h]o1 & describes ! developm5t ( trick9ess 9 ! *ild1 & h[ he uses x z a weapon ( def5ce aga9/ ! 8polissman0 :om he defies1 trips up & o!rwise evades 7,cleg ,kelly1 by ,crockett71 we read ! acc\nt )\t compunction1 nay1 we reli% ! hum\r ( ! situation1 & half approve ! issue6 ,yet ?is assur$ly is no legitimate outcome ( *ildi% brav]y & sportiv5ess4 ,our levity arises f ! und]ly+ conviction1 or ! univ]sal feel+ begott5 ( g5etic evolution1 t ! policeman's jurisdiction "h is flagrantly inappropriate4 ,infantile disob$i5ce & full-fl$g$ crime seem f> ap>t1 b !y are unit$ by an inw>d det]iorat+ process1 an outw>d *a9 ( trespasses m or less petty4 ,! l9ks are all !re1 connect+ ! t5d] babe & fasc9at+ /reet-arab ) ! ?ief & murd]]4 ,simil>ly1 on ! moral plane1 fl[ ! sequ5ces ( cause & effect t br+ retribution--t inali5able feature ( ! law ( evolution4 ,! crime t society deplores is ! natural p5alty = society's neglect ( *ildr52 & !re is no escape f ! p5alty z long z ! cause cont9ues4 ,nor c society plead ignorance "h4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,rusk9 h spok5 out pla9ly on ?is subject4 8,:at we ne$ is cessation f all ^! antagonisms :i* keep alive ! brutal elem5ts ( human nature1 & p]si/5ce 9 a peaceful life1 giv+ un*equ]$ play to ! sympa?ies40 7,h]b]t ,sp5c] on ,arbitration47 8,x is10 says ,rusk91 8! lighte/ way ( kill+ to /op a man's brea?4 ,b if y b9d up 8 ?\ghts by lack ( true education1 if y bl9d 8 eyes1 if y blunt 8 hopes1 if y /eal 8 joys1 if y /unt 8 body & bla/ 8 s\l 444 ?is y ?9k no s960 ,v]ily1 !re is s91 ackn[l$g$ by ! noble/1 wise/ ( m51 & br\ght home to u on ! lips ( babes--8,:y kill ! man1 s9ce :5 he is dead we c nev] make him good aga960 ,society has to compass ! task ( mak+ m5 good f ! beg9n+2 & 9 exceptional cases1 :]e ! task is impossible1 ! victims are simply society's pati5ts1 to be imp\nd$ )\t hurt4 ,we are z able to protect our social life f moral z f m5tal lunatics4 ,! initial /ep1 h[ev] 7h>dly yet tak571 is to pass f ! m5tal attitude ( a b>b>\s race1 ^: habits ( def5ce are ^? ( arbitr>y puni%m5t1 to t ( a civiliz$ nation b5t on re=m+ its crim9als1 & treat+ its morally diseas$ memb]s ) uni=m humanity & bro!rly love4 ,z yet ! res\rces ( man's reason & sci5tific k & aptitude h nev] be5 call$ into play to devise a sy/em ( consecutive re/ra9ts on ! 8brutal elem5ts10 a sy/em to make m5 good f ! beg9n+ by 8work+ out ! bea/40 ,! crux ( ! problem is h[ to imbue *ildr5 pa9lessly ) ! tru? t social life has responsibilities & limitations1 ob$i5ce to :i* is indisp5sable4 ,& ,i submit t ?is may be done 9 ! homes & nurs]ies ( ! future1 "u a sci5tifically adapt$ sy/em ( tra9+4 ,h>d bl[s & ev5 *id+ tones ( ! human voice mu/ h no place 9 *ildhood's environm5t1 b au?ority may be ex]cis$ ?r\gh ! use ( a simple appliance = limit+ infant fre$om4 ,:5 baby trespasses aga9/ "s natural law ( heal? or social life1 ( :i* he kn[s no?+1 he is g5tly b promptly & firmly plac$ 9 a baby-prison /&+ )9 rea*1 viz4 a goodly-siz$ basket1 high at ! sides1 s(tly cu%ion$ all r\nd & weight$1 s t x _c be ov]turn$ by ! infant culprit1 :o1 if refractory1 may kick or scream 9 safety !re till ! p>oxysm passes1 & he falls asleep4 ,on wak+ he recalls vaguely1 :5 old]1 m cle>ly ! occurr5ce1 & he becomes lightly possess$ by a subtle s5se ( au?ority q di/9ct f individual k9dness or unk9dness4 ,8 human relations are unhurt by ! necess>y tra9+ 9 infancy4 ,he has be5 *eck$ 9 wrong-do+ )\t any wrong association ( ideas1 & )\t an awak5+ ( anti-social feel+4 ,i h se5 an ignorant nurse tea* a *ild to seek solace = pa9 9 an anti-social emotion6 8,beat ! naughty *air t has hurt poor baby's head10 0 ! evil c\nsel1 & ! *ild held out to ! *air /ruck 8 t9y rev5geful bl[s1 & 0 kiss$ & c>ess$ 9 consequ5ce4 ,?is happ5$ 9 a ri* man's nurs]y4 ,c\ld "o blame ! ignorant nurse8 ,h] infancy 0 pass$ 9 a city slum1 & 9 e su* locality *ildr5 sw>m :o freely /rike out bo? 9 self-protection & brutal aggressiv5ess4 ,f bir? ^! little ones live m or less 9 an atmosph]e ( savage assault4 ,tyranny & =ce are ! rul+ conditions ( _! *ildhood1 & ! natural result--"u ! unalt]able law ( cause & effect--is ?is3 v9dictive1 b>b>ic feel+ is c>ri$ hi!r & ?i!r ?r\gh\t society at l>ge1 & degrades e social class4 ,:5 home-life 9 ! middle classes has be5 reorganiz$1 & nurs]y tra9+ is ! outcome ( sci5tific ?\ght1 *ildr5 !re at lea/ w escape ?is ta9t4 ,!y w pass f nurs]y to s*oolroom ) n]ves t h nev] be5 unnecess>ily j>r$4 ,!y w be physically /rong]1 & 9 temp]am5t m s]5e4 ,re>$ )\t h>%ness1 !y w "k no crav5 fe>2 & s9ce ! native attitude ( *ildhood t[>ds eld]s nev] se5 angry or cross is t ( confid+ love1 tea*]s w h no difficulty 9 br++ into play ! t5d] emotions t are natural *ecks ^u evil do+1 & natural inc5tives to ef=t 9 action t is "r4 ,if playfulness intrudes1 & ! s]i\s "w ( a class is h9d]$ by "s little ur*9's fun1 ! ma/] or mi/ress ne$s nei!r to scold nor to cane ! (f5d]1 = unspok5 satisfaction & dissatisfaction are quickly p]ceiv$ & respond$ to by *ildr5 unus$ to puni%m5t or an eld]'s fr[n4 ,b ev5 9 ! s*oolroom an appeal to me*anism may sometimes prove useful4 ,an in/rum5t call$ 8a *>act]ograph0 0 describ$ by its inv5tor to an ,ed9burgh audi5ce half a c5tury ago4 ,?is in/rum5t = regi/]+ _h be5 9 use 9 ,lady ,byron's ,agricultural ,s*ool at ,eal+ ,grove1 ) moral effects m>k$ly b5eficial4 ,!re 7 _m comm5ts 9 ! press ( t p]iod4 ,x sup]s$es all necessity = prizes1 place-tak+1 or any k9d ( rew>d or puni%m5t1 & r5d]s unnecess>y ! ma/]'s express+ ang] or irritation--8! wor/ example a tea*] c set to 8 pupils40 7,mr4 ,e4 ,t4 ,craig 0 inv5tor ( ! *>act]ograph47 ,if we be> 9 m9d t ! supreme object ( tra9+ is social solid>ity1 & t social solid>ity re/s fundam5tally on t5d] relations betwe5 ! old1 ! "y1 & ! middle-ag$1 we %all recognize ! wisdom ( eld]s resign+ at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t all manife/ations ( p]sonal au?ority4 ,! av]age boy & girl1 if well tra9$1 has at fifte51 or ab\t t age1 moral p[]s suffici5tly develop$ to control innate prop5sities4 ,at t epo* to ! "y !mselves %\ld be relegat$ ! rul+ ( y\?ful conduct 9 ! int]e/s ( society4 ,n to ! "y s+ly1 h[ev]1 b 9 _! corporate capacity4 ,! organiz+ ( juv5ile committees & conduct clubs w ensue4 ,i ne$ n1 h[ev]1 treat ( ^! "h4 ,!y belong to ! subject ( g5]al education1 & ,i am m]ely t\*+ on tra9+ 9 its relations to specific crime4 ,! po9t 9 social sci5ce to emphasize is ?is3 ,at e /age ( ! nation's hi/ory its moral heal? or disease is ! actual resultant ( previ\s conditions ( its *ild-life ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ! l&4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t ! public m9d is a/ray on ?is subject4 ,!re is no und]/&+ ( ! re/ra9ts necess>y on infantile wrong-do+1 ! :olesome because pa9less *ecks to apply to juv5ile del9qu5ts4 ,sci5ce mu/ guide u to ! "r pa? ( action1 society mu/ enli/ p>5tal au?ority1 or1 if ne$ be1 co]ce ! *ild to take ! indicat$ c\rse4 ,by ! abs5ce ( :olesome *ecks & ! pres5ce ( brutal conditions 9 *ildhood we suff] a va/ am\nt ( prev5tible crime4 ,we evolve ! crim9al by s9s ( omission outside ! prison2 we brutalize him fur!r inside ! prison by undue1 ill-adapt$ re/ra9ts4 ,v significant 0 ! exp]i5ce ( ,mr4 ,ob]mair1 ( ! ,/ate ,prison 9 ,muni*4 ,:5 appo9t$ gov]nor !re1 he f\nd f six to sev5 hundr$ prison]s 9 ! wor/ /ate ( insubord9ation1 & ^: excesses he 0 told defi$ ! h>%e/1 mo/ /r+5t discipl9e4 ,! prison]s 7 *a9$ toge!r4 ,! gu>d consi/$ ( ab\t #ajj soldi]s1 :o did duty n only at ! gates & r\nd ! walls1 b 9 ! passages1 & ev5 9 ! work%ops & dormitories2 &1 /range/ ( all1 f tw5ty to ?irty l>ge dogs ( ! bloodh\nd bre$ 7 let loose at night 9 ! passages & c\rts to keep wat* & w>d4 ,! place 0 a p]fect p&emonium1 compris+ ! wor/ passions1 ! mo/ slavi% vices1 & ! mo/ he>tless tyranny )9 ! limits ( a few acres4 ,mr4 ,ob]mair quickly disp5s$ ) dogs1 & ne>ly all ! gu>ds4 ,he gradually relax$ ! h>% sy/em1 & treat$ ! prison]s ) a consid]ation t ga9$ _! confid5ce4 ,9 ! ye> #aheb ,mr4 ,baillie ,co*rane visit$ ! prison1 & 8 acc\nt is z foll[s3 8,! gates 7 wide op51 )\t any s5t9el at ! door1 & a gu>d ( only tw5ty m5 idl+ away _! "t 9 a room (f ! entrance hall4444 ,none ( ! doors 7 provid$ ) bolts & b>s2 ! only security 0 an ord9>y lock1 & z 9 mo/ ( ! rooms ! key 0 n turn$1 !re 0 no ob/acle to ! m5 walk+ into ! passage4444 ,ov] ea* work%op "s ( ! prison]s ) ! be/ *>act]s 7 appo9t$ ov]se]s1 & ,mr4 ,ob]mair assur$ me t :5 a prison] transgress$ a regulation1 8 companions told him #8es i/ v]bot51' & x r>ely happ5$ t he did n yield to ! w ( 8 fell[-prison]s4 ,)9 ! prison walls e description ( "w is c>ri$ on 444 ea* prison] by occupation & indu/ry ma9ta9s himself4 ,! surplus ( 8 e>n+s is giv5 him on release1 :i* avoids 8 be+ p>t$ ) 9 a /ate ( de/itution40 7,?is acc\nt is tak5 f ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s ,essay on ,prison ,e?ics47 ,x is !n cle>ly prov$ by actual exp]i5ce t r\gh h&l+ & brutal words--bolts & b>s & bloodh\nds--are alike unnecess>y 9 ! case ( fir/ (f5d]s & 9 ! case ( ! 8desp]ate gang40 ,b1 turn+ once m f ! crim9al to ! ultimate causes ( crime1 ^! are--de/itution1 or m or less gr9d+ pov]ty1 inh]it$ disease1 ignorance & all ! degrad$ nurture t cru%es ! humanities & develops ! brutalities ( man4 ,a sci5tific treatm5t ( crime w eradicate ^! v>i\s causes ( crime4 ,no summ>y me?ods are applicable4 ,!re is no %ort cut to ! end 9 view2 b by pati5t p]sev]ance 9 ! sci5tific meliorism indicat$ 9 my *apt]s on ,indu/rial ,life1 ,sex ,relations & ,p>5tage1 & to be fur!r expla9$ 9 ^? on ,education & ,home ,life1 ! =ces br\ght into play w prove effective 9 social r$emption4 ,!y are ess5tially radical & all-embrac+4 ,)9 re=matories & prisons !re may be p>tially suppli$ ! tra9+ = =m+ & re=m+ "* t is n[h]e pres5t 9 ! homes & s*ools ( ! l[] classes to-day4 ,^? crim9als :o are n /ructurally defective may recov] moral heal?1 & become virtu\s or at lea/ h>mless social units4 ,9 all su* cases lib]ty %\ld be re/or$2 b ! ,/ate c nev] be ju/ifi$ 9 dis*>g+ its rescu$ crim9als )\t res\rces & )\t protection4 ,!y mu/ be suppli$ ) "w1 i4e4 "s means ( self-support1 & gu>d$ f dang]s besett+ ! critical p]iod ( lib]ation4 ,! educat+ ( ignorant crim9als1 ! re=m+ ( corrigible crim9als1 ! re/ra9+ f fur!r crime ( incurable crim9als--^! are duties ( ! ,/ate4 ,! "t1 h[ev] di/ant1 w f9ally arrive :5 sci5ce1 appli$ = g5]ations to ! task ( skilfully remov+ all ! causes ( crime1 w accompli% t glori\s aim4 ,by att5tion to ! laws ( h]$ity1 by *eck+ ! too rapid increase ( population1 by ! moral tra9+ ( e memb] ( ! community1 & by well-ord]$1 happy1 dome/ic1 indu/rial & social life1 ! crim9al nature w die out1 & crime itself be simply hi/orical--a ?+ to /udy ) int]e/1 an extirpat$ social disease4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,emotions ,we mu/ nev] =get t human aspirations1 human ideals1 are z mu* a "p ( ! ph5om5a :i* makes up ?is causally-connect$ ,univ]se z ! in/9cts & appetites t are common to man & ! o!r animals4--,,david ,g4 ,,rit*ie4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,s5tim5ts ,,( ,,individual ,,rights ,,& ,,social ,,ju/ice ,! dawn+ c5tury w h to und]take a new education ( mank9d if we are n to relapse4444 ,new inv5tions are less ne$$ ?an new e?ics4--,dr4 ,,max ,,nordau4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] tells u t3 8,free in/itutions c only be prop]ly work$ by m51 ea* ( :om is jeal\s ( 8 own rights & sympa!tically jeal\s ( ! rights ( o!rs--:o w nei!r himself aggress on 8 neighb\r 9 small ?+s or great1 nor tol]ate aggression on !m by o!rs40 ,! /ate ( m9d or s5tim5t to :i* ,mr4 ,sp5c] "h po9ts is complex4 ,x comprises an egoism t is n anti-social1 & an altruism t is broadly social4 ,! g5esis ( ?is s5tim5t is intellectual1 imply+ a recognition 9 "s sort ( ! laws ( nature1 by virtue ( :i* individual rights d n conflict ) nature's h>monies or its fundam5tal organic unity4 ,x is possible1 !re=e1 only to a race comp>atively advanc$1 i4e4 intellectually end[$2 b ! *ildr5 & *ildr5's *ildr5 ( t race may possess ! s5tim5t ( individual rights z an in/9ct ) no appreh5sion :atev] ( its s\rce or its ju/ification4 ,its alliance )1 & p]fect con=mity to1 natural law are c]ta9ly n und]/ood1 & confusion is increas$ 9 ! public m9d by ! unsci5tific tea*+ ( ! daily press4 ,"h1 = in/ance1 is a p>agraph f a middle-class j\rnal4 8,law is comm&1 control4 ,nature is in/9ctive =ce1 & c nei!r give nor receive laws4 ,!re are no laws ( nature1 & !re are no rights ( man4 ,we are us+ mean+less phrases :5 we speak ( ei!r4 ,man has no natural rights any m ?an ! wolf & ! be>4 ,all rights are conv5tional40 ,n[1 be=e man _h made a direct /udy ( nature1 &1 m>k+ ! inv>iability ( sequ5ce 9 ! precision ( its ph5om5a1 _h atta*$ to t inv>iability ! t]m 8laws ( nature10 ! ^w 8law0 d5ot$ a lawgiv] issu+ arbitr>y comm&s4 ,x is 9 ?is primitive s5se t our j\rnali/ uses ! ^w 8law40 ,he entirely ignores its appropriation by sci5ce & ! mod]n acceptation ( ! t]m 8laws ( nature40 ,nature has no arbitr>y comm&s1 he says1 & !re=e inf]s no laws4 ,we admit ! premise :ile d5y+ ! inf]5ce4 ,! laws ( heal? are inv>iable1 al?\gh !y d n necess>ily dom9ate1 s9ce o!r & oppos+ laws ( disorganization may at any mom5t get ! upp] h&4 ,man is compet5t to disreg>d ! laws ( life2 b if he s acts1 ano!r c\rse ( natural ord] is initiat$1 & he becomes subject to pa?ological laws :i* conduct him /eadily to ! grave4 ,necessity )\t arbitr>y comm& rules 9 ! cosmos2 & if happ9ess1 :i* all humanity desires1 is atta9$1 x w be by con=m+ to all ! laws ( nature t fav\r t end4 ,)91 !re are ! laws ( human organization1 )\t1 ! laws ( circum/ance or environm5t4 ,! humanity t has intellect & sci5tific k may1 by union & co-op]ation1 take a firm advantage ( ^! laws or uni=mities ( nature & m>* /eadily =w>d1 controll+ ! =ces ( nature by a will+ ob$i5ce to natural law4 ,no soon]1 obs]ve1 does ?is control become possible ?an natural rights come into exi/5ce4 ,man rises 9 ! scale ( be+ to a sph]e ( self-direction & comp>ative lib]ty4 ,! wolf & be> & all wild animals are on ! l[] level1 & h no natural rights4 ,!y are controll$ by =ces ext]nal to !mselves1 & ! /ruggle = exi/5ce & survival ( ! fitte/ is ! law ( de/9y to !m4 ,x is n s1 h[ev]1 ) ! horse1 dog1 cat1 etc41 = man has lift$ all dome/icat$ animals f "u ! rule ( g5etic =ces1 & plac$ !m "u ! rule ( reason$ =ces4 ,he controls _! bre$+1 limits _! numb]s1 & gives !m a happy life consi/5t ) 8 own4 ,fur!r1 he claims = !m & conc$es to !m natural rights2 & note ?is po9t1 ! la/ phrase ( our j\rnali/'s mislead+ p>agraph is /rictly true3 8,all rights are conv5tional40 ,conv5tion means by tacit agreem5t1 & x is by tacit agreem5t on ! "p ( civiliz$ m5 t rights ( m5 & rights ( animals exi/ & are respect$4 ,an impulse ( ! high] life1 viz41 a law ( sympa?y1 impels civiliz$ man to seek happ9ess = o!r be+s z well z himself1 & intellig5ce %[s him t individual happ9ess promotes g5]al happ9ess1 & fur!r t no individual happ9ess is possible )\t a c]ta9 am\nt ( p]sonal lib]ty4 ,individual rights1 !n1 are a claim = a c]ta9 am\nt ( p]sonal lib]ty1 & ! s5tim5t ( individual rights is an unconsci\s inw>d prep>$ness to def5d t claim4 ,x lies at ! v f\ndation ( mod]n e?ics1 s9ce f x !re spr+s ! outw>d equipoise ( egoi/ic & altrui/ic =ces1 ! inw>d1 subtle1 delicate s5se ( equitable relations1 9 o!r words1 ju/ice--! moral backbone ( ! mod]n consci5ce4 ,let u see h[ we treat1 9 our nurs]ies1 ?is f\ndation ( e?ics1 ?is s5tim5t ( individual rights4 ,we ent] a middle-class nurs]y :]e a baby & 8 si/] ,jessie1 a *ild ( ?ree ye>s ( age1 are side by side on ! floor4 ,an impulse seizes baby to clut* ! doll1 :i* ,jessie holds firmly4 ,baby screams & nurse turns r\nd & lifts him 9 h] arms4 8,see1 ,jessie10 %e says1 8he wants y\r doll1 surely y w be k9d to baby bro!r80 ,%e takes ! doll f ,jessie & gives x to ! infant4 ,jessie ?r[s h]self on ! gr\nd & kicks & screams4 ,a p>oxysm ( emotion sweeps ov] h]1 & until ! wave has sp5t itself tranquillity 9 n]ve or muscle is simply impossible4 ,b ! nurse1 ignorant ( ! fact t ! *ild is = ! mom5t b]eft ( any p[] ( self-control1 comm&s h] to be /ill1 & :5 n obey$1 %e scolds h] sev]ely4 ,f9ally %e puts h] 9 a corn]1 & !re poor ,jessie sobs & weeps till pure exhau/ion br+s h] to passivity & an abject /ate ( m9d :i* nurse calls 8be+ good aga940 ,%e signifies h] approval ( x by a kiss ( =giv5ess z unm]it$ z ! previ\s ang]4 ,n[ "h we h an emotion supremely important to ! welf>e ( humanity rudely desecrat$ 9 infancy4 ,!re 0 no?+ base1 sordid1 exclusive or ev5 selfi% 9 ! tempe/ ( feel+ t swept away ! placidity ( ,jessie's little s\l4 ,m+l$ toge!r !re 0 an impulse to def5d h] p]sonal rights & a hot indignation t any infr+em5t ( ^! rights %\ld occur4 ,& ! :ole 0 a wave ( ! complex =ces de/9$ to weld society into an organic :ole1 capable ( ma9ta9+ free in/itutions4 ,:5 ! nurse ?r\gh ignorance puni%$ ! *ild = ! involunt>y expression ( a virtu\s social-emotion1 %e 0 oppos+ ! v ord] ( nature t g5etic evolution is /riv+ to atta92 %e 0 *eck+ ! progress ( mod]n civilization4 ,lat] 9 ! day ,jessie ) h] doll re/or$ to h] arms is happy aga94 ,baby plays ) 8 rattle on nurse's knee2 b ,jessie ?9ks1 8,my dolly is a baby too & wants a rattle40 ,%e takes ! rattle out ( baby's h&s to give to dolly4 ,baby %\ts & kicks1 & nurse is furi\s4 ,%e slaps ,jessie & calls h] a 8naughty *ild40 ,!re is no ebullition ( ang] ?is "t1 al?\gh ! t5d] little f+]s a*e f ! rude bl[4 ,jessie %r9ks aside ) a subdu$ air4 ,_h h] =m] rebellion be5 an impulse ( pure v9dictiv5ess x w\ld h repeat$ itself n[4 ,x _h no su* feature4 ,x reveal$ ! fact t ,jessie 0 ! (fspr+ ( a self-dep5d5t1 self-protective race prep>+ = a new /age ( social evolution1 & h] aspect at ! pres5t crisis reveals ! same4 ,%e did n "k %e 0 9 ! wrong2 b vaguely %e felt x4 ,%e _h trespass$ on baby's rights1 & consci5ce dumbly /irr$ 9 h] infant bosom4 ,if intellig5ce is /rong ! *ild que/ions sil5tly1 8,:y may baby take my doll :5 ,i may n take 8 rattle80 ,! nurse w give no answ]4 ,h] prov9ce is to fe$ & cleanse & clo! h] *>ges1 &1 if ne$ be1 puni% action4 ,b ! motive spr+s ( action lie q beyond h] range1 & :at is ! consequ5ce8 ,if ,jessie's intellect pr$om9ates ov] h] emotional quality1 h] consci5ce may develop1 al?\gh "u adv]se conditions2 b if ! balance t5ds ! o!r way ! position is fatal4 ,! *ild ga!rs h] ideas ( "r & wrong f ! fr[ns & smiles1 ! slaps or kisses ( an ignorant woman :o is rul+ ! nurs]y ) an au?ority purely b>b>ic1 & ! budd+ consci5ce ( a mod]n civilization adapts itself to ! ar*aic environm5t & rev]ts or lapses backw>d4 ,fur!r1 obs]ve1 ! nurse /rove to create--9 ?is case1 at lea/--sympa?y t[>ds a baby bro!r4 ,0 ?is wise8 ,x 0 n wise1 al?\gh well-int5tion$4 ,sympa?y nev] develops "u comm&1 & to ord] a *ild to be k9d at ! mom5t :5 an aggression has be5 made on 8 or h] rights is l comm&+ a /eam-eng9e to move =w>d )\t turn+ on ! /eam6 ,moreov]1 baby1 "y z he 01 suff]$ m5tally & morally by ! ev5t4 ,he le>n$ an evil lesson1 viz41 t if he cri$ he w\ld probably get :at he want$4 ,vigor\sly1 ?\gh unconsci\sly1 he w pursue t vici\s c\rse & act up to ! pr9ciple4 ,does my read] inquire 8,:at %\ld ! nurse h done80 ,%e %\ld h in/antly remov$ ! baby1 say+ g5tly to ,jessie1 8,*ildr5 mu/ nev] take ?+s f "o ano!r4 ,n ev5 a baby c be p]mitt$ to d t1 & we mu/ tea* him bett]4 ,b see he is s "y1 he does n "k ! doll is y\rs1 n 84 ,w\ld y l to l5d x to him = a little8 ,no8 ,ah1 well he _c h x !n1 b come & help me to amuse him t he may =get ! doll40 ,! old] *ild puts d[n h] treasure to fondle h] baby bro!r1 & !re are t5 *ances to "o t by-&-bye h] sympa?y--call$ out naturally & n by comm&--c>ries h] a /ep fur!r1 & %e says3 8,nurse1 baby may hold my doll = a little n[40 ,lat]1 :5 ! brilliant idea occurs t dolly w\ld enjoy ! rattle1 ,jessie und]/&s--%e does n bl9dly1 vaguely feel1 %e kn[s--t %e mu/ n trespass on baby's rights4 ,%e re/ra9s h] impulse !re=e to snat* ! rattle1 & 9 ?is self-control %e is ex]cis+ ! noble/ faculty ( h] nature "u ! dom9ion ( a moral consci5ce--a s5se ( ju/ice or equival5ce ( rights4 ,& n[ we pass f an upp] middle-class nurs]y to any ,briti% boys' s*ool or playgr\nd4 ,we f9d t qu>rels !re arise n s mu* f ! simple b>b>\s impulses ( cruelty1 hatr$1 rev5ge1 fe>1 z f a diff]5t s\rce--an effective s5se ( p]sonal rights unbalanc$ by an equally effective s5se ( sympa?y ) ! rights ( o!rs4 ,! ph5om5on "h is ju/ice 9 embryo1 self-consci\s1 b lack+ developm5t on ! altrui/ic side4 8,x isn't0 or 8x wasn't fair0 is a phrase frequ5tly ^u a s*oolboy's lips1 & x is rem>kable ) :at c\rage & dignity an ur*9 ( t5 or twelve w criticize a ma/]'s treatm5t ( him1 & p]haps tell ! man ( fifty to 8 face t ?is or t 8wasn't fair40 ,7 e boy z eag] t all human be+s--s*oolma/]s includ$--%\ld be z fairly treat$ z he himself1 ! only fur!r regulation ( conduct necess>y w\ld be a cle> intellig5ce to disc]n tru? f falsehood 9 e case ( misdemean\r4 ,in/ruct$ intellig5ce is h[ev] a m9us quantity1 & ! sympa!tic jeal\sy = ! rights ( o!rs t exi/s "h & !re among/ boys 9 m9or quantity1 gets deflect$ f its true c\rse4 ,x l9ks boys ( "o age toge!r 9 a mutual fell[%ip t excludes ma/]s & all o!rs4 ,nor is ?is difficult to und]/&4 ,mutual int]e/s is ! soil 9 :i* sympa?y gr[s2 b ) arbitr>y au?ority 9 ! field1 also conflict+ desires1 & no di/9ct tea*+ on ! subject1 ! deep] relations ( life1 ,i mean ! mutual int]e/s ( tea*] & taught & ( ! :ole s*ool z a social unity1 are (t5 ignor$4 ,to %ield a companion f puni%m5t1 at all haz>ds1 becomes virtue 9 a s*oolboy's eyes1 & antagonisms spr+ up ) confus$ notions ( "r & wrong1 & a g5]al impulse to falsehood & deceit 9 special directions4 ,^! are m5ac+ features ( "* = ! social life ( ! future4 ,m5 ( introspection h recogniz$ 9 !mselves ! baneful aft]-effects ( ! clanni%ness eng5d]$ at s*ool4 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son bewail$ ! extreme difficulty he _h 9 =c+ himself to p]=m a di/9ct public duty4 ,x involv$ "s exposure di%on\rable to a =m] s*oolmate6 8,i felt10 he said1 8l a cad60 ,f middle-class nurs]ies :]e au?ority is *iefly b>b>ic & ! budd+ consci5ce is hurt1 *ildr5 de/9$ to become ! lite ( a future society & its rul]s1 pass into s*ools :]e !re is no cle> & def9ite tra9+ = ! emotional nature1 no sci5tific developm5t ( ! social1 & repression ( ! anti-social impulses4 ,f s*ool ! /ud5t passes to college or univ]sity1 & is emancipat$ m or less f outw>d control4 ,:5 he ent]s ^u ! duties & pleasures ( adult life he pres5ts1 9 _m ways1 an elem5t ( social dang]1 = ?is simple reason1 8 native bumpti\sness1 8 s5se ( individual rights is n held 9 *eck by an intellig5t und]/&+ (1 & feel+ ( sympa?y )1 ! equal rights ( o!rs4 ,! gr\ndwork ( ! mod]n consci5ce has be5 tamp]$ ) :ile au?ority--propell$ by g5etic =ces ( evolution--has gradually relax$ & fall5 back be=e ! free-born ,briti% s*oolboy4 ,by our pres5t sy/em ( education we de/roy infant virtue 9 ! nurs]y & 9 ! s*ool4 ,we dw>f t sympa?y :i* %\ld gr[ & exp& till x bur/s =? 9 manhood into de$s ( rectitude1 ju/ice1 love1 manife/+ ! ?reefold quality ( human nature :i* alone is compet5t to lift ! :ole area ( man's exi/5ce into l9e ) cosmic ord]4 ,our s*ools are ye>ly p\r+ into ! busy _w a ri* h>ve/ ( human aptitudes t are quickly absorb$ 9 activities m]cantile1 pr(essional1 legislative1 b ! outcome ( ^! activities is n tun+ life into social h>mony1 x is m]ely increas+ national weal?1 & t )\t any m>k$ increase ( pl5ty & pleasure to ! nation at l>ge4 ,! picture pres5t$ is "o ( p]petual w>f>e--an outw>d /ruggle 9 money-mak+ = oneself & family1 an inw>d cont5ti\s _s t reveals itself abroad 9 our blatant imp]ialism1 at home 9 class antagonisms--! :ole re-act+ fatally on individual "* & l[]+ ! g5]al /&>d ( civiliz$ life4 ,g5]\s en?usiasms die d[n1 ! emotional nature h>d5s1 till intellig5ce itself is dimm$ & becomes incapable ( any wide outlook t entails unselfi% ef=t4 ,z a rule--?\gh ) hon\rable exceptions--our compatriots advanc$ 9 life d n fulfil ! promise ( _! y\?2 & ) =ces ( nature am5able to man's w1 if wisely direct$1 real progress 9 ?is sci5tific age is w(ully sluggi%4 ,we focus att5tion on environm5ts t press on adults only1 & 9 seek+ re=m ov]look ! environm5ts t vitally effect our infant population1 !re=e ! adult life ( ! future4 ,h[ diff]5t is our action 9 o!r directions4 ,9 horticultural nurs]ies1 = in/ance1 progress is n sluggi%4 ,sci5tific discov]y & me?ods ( practice are appli$ & promptly produce def9ite results4 ,! composite plants are di/+ui%$ f simple plants1 & :ile all are secur$ 9 necess>y conditions ( heal?y life--good soil1 air1 light1 etc4--^? receive f ! g>d5] a special fo/]+ c>e4 ,he /udies ! laws ( diff]5tiation1 ! peculi>ities ( ea* organism ) its hidd5 possibilities ( v>i$ effloresc5ce1 & by fitt+ environm5t to wid] issues1 wat*+ !m day by day1 n\ri%+ e t5d5cy fav\rable1 *eck+ e t5d5cy unfav\rable1 he induces an outbur/ ( blossom z v>i$ 9 col\r & =m z x is m>vell\s 9 beauty or grace1 & t 9 spite ( ! fact t unaid$ by natural =ces he is utt]ly p[]less to make a blade ( grass gr[4 ,t human plants give promise ( blossom+ into a moral beauty z yet undream$ ( by ! ,briti% public is pat5t to any wise obs]v] ( ! confus$ social life ( to-day4 ,our greate/ reali/s 9 fiction note ! po9t4 ,we h ,george ,m]$i? putt+ into ! m\? ( 8 h]o1 ,mat!w ,weyburn1 ^! significant words3 8,em95t /ation among m5 doesn't give a l>g] outlook 444 ,i h come n[ & !n across p we call common1 sl[-m9d$1 b h>d 9 _! grasp ( facts & ready to le>n & logical4 ,!y 7 at ! bottom ( wisdom1 = !y _h 9 _! heads ! delicate s5se ( ju/ice ^u :i* wisdom is f\nd$ 444 t is :at _! rul]s lack4 ,unless we h ! s5se ( ju/ice abroad l a common air !re's no peace & no /eady advance4 ,b ^! humble p _h x4 ,i felt !m to be my sup]iors4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i h n felt ! same ) our s5ators1 rul]s & lawgiv]s4 ,!y are = ! mo/ "p defici5t 9 ! lib]al m9d40 7,"l ,ormont & 8 ,am9ta47 ,z reg>ds physical heal?1 ,i h %[n ! necessity = /irpiculture & ! bir? ( ! fit2 z reg>ds m5tal & moral heal?1 i4e4 ,humanity's effloresc5ce on high] planes--! ne$ ( ! times is less eug5ics ?an education & tra9+4 ,g]ms ( tru?1 ju/ice1 love1 lie lat5t 9 ! basic /ructure ( our half-civiliz$ race1 & s long z we neglect or de/roy ^! g]ms x 7 folly to desire mat]ial ( f9] quality4 8,our raw mat]ial is ( ! v be/10 said ! headmi/ress ( a ,london ,bo>d ,s*ool1 8our *ildr5 are full ( g5]\s impulses & fe>less spontaneity4 ,i sometimes ?9k ! no-rule 9 ! homes ( ! masses a bett] prep>ation = life ?an ! factiti\s tra9+ giv5 9 homes ( ! classes4 ,b our tea*]s are s few & s seldom sci5tifically enlight5$ t we spoil v mu* ( ! good mat]ial40 ,on behalf ( ! classes my read] might argue t susceptibility to beauty or ! ae/hetic s5tim5t ) its creative expression 9 art belongs almo/ exclusively to ! upp] section ( society1 & is deem$ by "s social re=m]s ! v f\ndation ( moral life1 ! basis ( ! e?ical temp]4 ,x is n my purpose to provoke comp>ison betwe5 ! classes & ! masses1 & ,i fully recognize ! value ( ! f9e arts z factors 9 ! g5]al elevation ( life & "*1 b ,i submit t evolution does n pursue ! same l9e ( developm5t 9 ! v>i\s races ( mank9d1 & 9 ! ,briti% race an advanc$ e?ical temp] is 9 process ( =mation q irrespective ( ! f9e arts & ! ae/hetic s5tim5t4 ,dr4 ,le ,bon laid be=e ! ,fr5* ,geographical ,society an acc\nt ( a primitive gr\p ( p1 numb]+ sev]al hundr$ ?\s&1 :o inhabit a remote region high up among ! ,c>pa?ian m\nta9s4 ,( ?is p1 ! ,podhalians1 he says1 8!y are born improvisatori1 poets & musicians1 s++ _! own songs1 set to music ( _! own composition4 ,_! poetry is t5d] & artless 9 s5tim5t1 g5]\s & elevat$ 9 /yle40 ,he attributes ^! qualities to ! weal? ( spontane\s res\rces possess$ by natures :i* nei!r "k viol5t passions nor unnatural excitem5ts4 ,! ,briti% race1 m\ld$ by diff]5t conditions--geographical & hi/orical--has develop$ diff]5tly4 ,great masses ( our population are :olly ins5sitive to ! influ5ces ( art4 ,! picture drawn by ,wordswor? ( 8 ,pet] ,bell comes ne>] to our native uncultur$ type-- ,a primrose by ! riv]'s brim ,a yell[ primrose 0 to him1 ,& x 0 no?+ m4 ,! s(t blue sky did nev] melt ,into 8 he>t1 he nev] felt ,! wit*]y ( ! s(t blue sky4 ,nev]!less1 ?r\gh ano!r *annel he 0 t\*$ to ! quick4 ,?rill$ into sudd5 sweetness & pa?os by ! sight ( a wid['s te>s-- ,9 agony ( sil5t grief ,f 8 own ?\ghts did ,pet] />t2 ,he longs to press h] to 8 he>t ,f love t _c f9d relief4 ,! h>d life ( our work]s has und\bt$ly depriv$ !m1 z yet1 ( any widespread ae/hetic developm5t1 b ! *ords ( _! vital "p1 if play$ ^u1 produce a s5ti5t /ate f> remov$ f ! rudim5t>y /age4 ,x is a product ( c5turies ( evolution4 ,?is humanity w move =w>d to high] planes ( exi/5ce1 & a spiritual pl5itude--( :i* ae/heticism is by no means ! cr[n & glory1 b only an imp]fect =eta/e--by two conv]g5t pa?s trodd5 concurr5tly4 ,^! are a /eady gr[? 9 social qualities & ! happ9ess t fl[s f ^! qualities1 ! creation1 9 %ort1 ( organic socialism2 & ! op5+ up outw>dly ( *annels ( sympa?y & community ( int]e/s ?r\gh\t ! :ole nation1 caus+ ! bani%m5t ( class di/9ctions1 ! e/abli%m5t ( an organiz$ socialism4 ,p]fection 9 art is n ! appropriate ideal = ?is age1 b p]fection 9 social life1 & x is n f a love ( art to a love ( mank9d & ! practices ( moral rectitude t our masses w advance4 ,x is by ! practice ( all ! humanities on ev] broad]1 deep] l9es1 until ! nation1 vibrat+ ) h>moniz$ life1 frames new visions ( art1 & /r5g!ns all ! well-spr+s ( art's creation4 ,! ae/heticism t belongs exclusively to "o social class nei!r elevates g5]al morals nor produces ! noble/ art4 ,its n>r[+ influ5ces are exemplifi$ 9 ,"l ,*e/]field's advice to 8 son3 8,if y love music1 g to op]as1 conc]ts1 & pay fiddl]s to play to y2 b ,i insi/ on y\r nei!r pip+ nor fiddl+ y\rself4 ,x puts a g5tleman 9 a contemptible light2 444 few ?+s w\ld mortify me m ?an to see y be>+ a "p 9 a conc]t ) a fiddle "u y\r *940 ,"l ,*e/]field belong$ to a pa/ c5tury1 b ! _s ( 8 ?\ght is n dead2 x manife/s prom95tly to-day4 ,9 my own exp]i5ce a lady noveli/ 0 invit$ to a ,london ,at ,home1 & accept$ conditionally4 ,if ev5+ co/ume 7 necess>y %e mu/ decl9e1 b if less c]emoni\s dress 7 p]missible %e w\ld gladly appe>1 & ! ho/ess cons5t+1 %e did s4 ,n[ ,i he>d a l>ge gr\p ( middle-class ladies passionately condemn+ ?is action1 on ! gr\nd t ae/heticism _h be5 outrag$ & ! rules ( society set at n\ght by a blot 9 rooms o!rwise beautiful4 ,yet ! noveli/ _h be5 ta/efully attir$1 t 0 freely admitt$4 ,%e _h s9n$ m]ely 9 noncon=mity to fa%ion & 9 cov]+ h] neck & arms4 ,c we s]i\sly believe t ! type ( humanity to :i* ^! ladies belong is develop+ ! lib]al m9d :i* alone may create & support ! highe/ morality1 ! noble/ art8 ,are we n compell$ to recognize ! tru? ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,levy's pr(\nd rem>k3 8,9 ! pres5t /age ( human progress ! ae/hetic & ! moral are cont]m9ate at nei!r end4 ,ae/hetic emotion may be r\s$ 9 u by t :i* is e?ically odi\s1 & moral feel+ may be call$ up by t :i* is arti/ically ugly40 7,! ,national ,re=m]47 ,! true e?ical temp] is eng5d]$ by a complexity ( social attractions issu+ 9 an inw>d s5se ( ju/ice & ! delicate equipoise ( natural rights betwe5 meum & tuum4 ,! task be=e u is to unite ! half-consci\s1 in/9ctive ju/ice already exi/5t ) an intellectual appreh5sion & cle> und]/&+ ( "r & wrong1 9 o!r words1 to complete ! mod]n consci5ce2 & 9 view ( ?is task we mu/ di/9ctly realize t ! s5tim5t ( :at is prop] & improp] 9 conv5tional society has no e?ical value1 & is a false guide to conduct4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,rapacity1 ,,pride1 ,,love ,,( ,,prop]ty ,! facts :i* x is at once mo/ important & mo/ difficult to appreciate are :at may be call$ ! facts ( feel+4--,,lecky4 ,! area ( man's emotional life is "o ( va/ magnitude4 ,x lies beh9d ! sc5es ( 8 outw>d exi/5ce1 yet x int]p5etrates ! social /ructure ?r\gh\t1 & /ret*es beyond x to di/ances we "k n :5ce or :i!r4 ,my/]i\s z ?is region is1 no soon] does man aspire to control ! social =ces ( collective life1 z he already l>gely controls ! natural =ces ( physical life1 ?an he is compell$ to apply 8 reason sci5tifically to ! ph5om5a ( human emotions1 & to contemplate1 trace out & ma/] !re ! g5]al features ( ! process ( evolution4 ,9 ! case ( p]sonal developm5t ! task is comp>atively easy4 ,a *ild's feel+s are simple1 n comp\nd4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y seem vague & indef9ite1 always fleet+ & evanesc5t2 b z ! *ild gr[s 8 p[]s ( feel+ gr[ likewise & alt] 9 "*4 ,_! *ildi% simplicity passes away2 !y augm5t 9 mass1 !y become complex1 m p]man5t & coh]5t 9 _! nature1 & f> m delicate 9 susceptibility4 ,consequ5tly ! bread? ( range1 ! dep? & ri*ness ( emotion possible 9 an adult1 z comp>$ ) ! emotions ( a *ild1 are z ! music ( an organ to ! sweet notes t lie )9 ! compass ( a p5ny :i/le4 ,9 racial developm5t evolution ( feel+ has n pursu$ "o inv>iable c\rse4 ,di/9ctive s5tim5ts & modes ( feel+ *>act]ize ! diff]5t races ( mank9d z well z di/9ctive outw>d features1 & ! impress+ on a pla/ic race ( ^! div]g5t /ates ( feel+ is ma9ly1 ?\gh n entirely1 due to ext]nal conditions--n climatic & geographical conditions only1 b also ! =m ( civilization t _h tak5 root & m\ld$ ! habits & cu/oms ( ! race4 ,greek civilization1 = in/ance1 t5d$ to develop l>gely ! ae/hetic gr\p ( feel+s1 :ile 9 ,scotl& ^! feel+s1 ?r\gh outw>d influ5ces ,i mu/ n pause to consid]1 h be5 /unt$ 9 gr[?1 & moral s5tim5ts h _h a deep] & firm] developm5t4 ,among/ b>b>\s tribes ( m5 ! viol5t emotions--ang]1 fe>1 jeal\sy1 rev5ge--g5]ally speak+1 hold sway2 b !re are also 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w unciviliz$ communities :]e ^! fi]ce passions are little kn[n1 & :]e1 9 consequ5ce ( ! abs5ce ( w>like surr\nd+s1 ! g5tle1 t5d] s5tim5ts t h = _! f\ndation family ties & peaceful social life1 prevail1 & are consid]ably develop$4 ,! conditions ( emotional evolution 9 a giv5 race1 !n1 are complex4 ,we h to be> 9 m9d a ?reefold environm5t--cosmic1 planet>y1 social--press+ ^u individual life & p[]fully sway+ ! emotional "p ( x4 ,social environm5t is pre-em95tly pot5t 9 modify+ emotional *>act]i/ics2 yet ! prime factor ( *ange 9 social environm5t spr+s f ?is region ( feel+1 & ?is factor may1 "u rational guidance1 take a pa? ( direct & rapid progression4 ,briti% civilization is ! product ( a turbul5t1 militant /age ( evolution1 an epo* ( milit>y glory1 foll[$ by a long p]iod ( indu/rial developm5t & comm]cial activity4 ,we inh]it a survival ( virtues & vices f ea* ( ^! evolutional /ages4 ,to ! fir/ we attribute our c\rage1 indep5d5ce & prop] pride1 bo? national & individual2 & we are apt to suppose t )\t ! exp]i5ce ( milit>y glory our manly ,john ,bull w\ld h be5 a milk-sop4 ,t may or may n be true2 b :5 we inf] t ! above *>act]i/ics dep5d fundam5tally & absolutely ^u a milit>y environm5t we are va/ly mi/ak54 ,obs]ve :at is said by travell]s & mission>ies ( c]ta9 unw>like tribes f\nd 9 ,india & ! ,malay ,p59sula4 ,! ,jakuns are incl9$1 we are told1 to gratitude & b5efic5ce1 _! t5d5cy be+ n to ask fav\rs1 b to conf] !m4 ,! ,arifuras h a v excusable ambition to ga9 ! "n ( ri* m5 by pay+ ! debts ( _! poor] fell[-villag]s6 ,"o g5tle ,arifura1 :o _h hop$ to be *os5 *ief ( 8 village & 0 n1 met 8 disappo9tm5t ) ! _s ( a philosoph] & philan?ropi/1 say+3 8,:at reason h ,i to grieve8 ,i /ill h x 9 my p[] to assi/ my fell[-villag]s40 ,:5 br\ght into contact ) m5 ( an opposite type--h>dy1 fi]ce & turbul5t1 !y h no t5d5cy to %[ ! :ite fea!r4 ,! amiable ,dhimal is indep5d5t & c\rage\s1 & resi/s 8) dogg$ ob/9acy0 injunctions t are urg$ injudici\sly4 ,! ,jakun is extremely pr\d--8 pride %[+ itself 9 refusals to be dome/icat$ & made useful to m5 ( a diff]5t race & !re=e ali5 to himself4 ,! simple-m9d$ ,santal has a 8/rong natural s5se ( ju/ice1 & %\ld any attempt be made to co]ce him1 he flies ! c\ntry4 ,! ,santal is c\rte\s & hospitable1 :il/ at ! same "t he is free f cr++40 ,dalton writes ( ! ,hos--a tribe belong+ to ! same gr\p z ! ,santals--8a reflection on a man's hone/y or v]acity may be suffici5t to s5d him to self-de/ruction02 & ( ! ,lep*as1 ,hook] says1 8,9 all my deal+s ) !m !y h prov$ scrupul\sly hone/4444 ,!y *e] on ! travell] by _! uno/5tati\s zeal 9 8 s]vice1 & :5 a pres5t is giv5 to !m1 x is divid$ equally among _m )\t a syllable ( discont5t or a grudg+ look or ^w40#d ,footnote #d3 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,pr9ciples ( ,sociology1 vol4 #b1 pp4 #fbh1 #fcj1 #fca4 ,f ^! facts we ga!r t a numb] ( virtues associat$ 9 our m9ds ) ,we/]n civilization are pres5t amid b>b>\s tribes1 & t ! vices associat$ by u ) b>b>ism--cruelty1 di%one/y1 trea*]y1 selfi%ness--are 9 "s cases gl>+ly abs5t4 ,human nature is n dep5d5t on culture or ,*ri/ianity to humanize & make x lovable4 ,!re is t 9 ! v gr\ndwork ( its nature :i* r5d]s x capable ( develop+1 "u fav\rable conditions1 into :at is admirable1 pure & graci\s4 ,! traits giv5 u ( ^! peoples %[ virtue1 tru?1 g5]osity1 moral c\rage & ju/ice1 & :at nobl]1 m elevat$ s5tim5ts h z yet be5 f\nd 9 civiliz$ man8 ,! fav\rable conditions are an entire abs5ce ( w>like surr\nd+s & w>like tra9+1 h5ce an abs5ce also ( any inh]itance ( w>like proclivities4 ,^! tribes 8h rema9$ unmole/$ = g5]ation aft] g5]ation2 !y h inflict$ no injuries on o!rs40 ,_! social or unselfi% feel+s h be5 fo/]$ & n\ri%$ by ! sympa!tic int]c\rse ( a peaceful life4 ,9 a purely milit>y /ate unselfi% feel+s are necess>ily repress$1 :il/ ! bold1 ke51 h>d & cruel side ( human nature is lib]ally develop$4 ,to hate an enemy & av5ge an injury are manly virtues4 ,! pr$atory in/9cts are useful & approv$4 ,trea*]y is n discr$it$1 & ! man clev] en\gh to take advantage ( an enemy & successfully intrigue aga9/ him may be rank$ among ! gods6 ,! plund]] :o falt]s n 9 ke5 pursuit ( prey & 9 ! h\r ( victory %[s rel5tless cruelty is deem$ h]oic4 ,no ?\ght ( happ9ess or mis]y to o!rs gives him pause2 milit>y glory is 8 absorb+ aim1 & 9 ! int]vals ( peace 8 call\s nature manife/s 9 rul+ ) tyrannic p[] slavi% subord9ates1 :o b5d & cr+e be=e him4 ,n[ let u glance at two ( ^! militant *>act]i/ics1 viz4 rapacity & p]sonal pride1 ) a view to obs]ve h[ _! survival into our indu/rial epo* has vitiat$ ! national life4 ,! purely militant /age ( ,briti% developm5t has pass$1 & ! outw>d =m ( our collective life is indu/rial1 n milit>y4 ,a sangu9>y pa? ( glory has no intr9sic fasc9ation = our p1 & !re is no national desire to conqu] & rule ov] races e/abli%$ on o!r p>ts ( ! e>?'s surface1 h[ev] sup]ior to ours may be _! climate & qu>t]s4 ,nev]!less1 )9 ! la/ half c5tury we h f\ght battles & %$ blood copi\sly 9 ,*9a1 ,p]sia1 ,afghani/an1 ,abyss9ia1 ,egypt1 ,s\? ,africa & else:]e4 ,seldom1 h[ev]1 has ! nation itself clam\r$ = w>4 ,9 ! ye> #ahed a relapse into militant mood occurr$1 &1 9 spite ( unwill+ness on ! "p ( individual rul]s1 ! ,gov]nm5t yield$ to a s9i/] wave ( b>b>ic feel+ 9 ! nation--a m>tial fr5zy t impell$ to ! ,crimean ,w>4 ,s9ce t p]iod w>s h orig9at$ f o!r causes ?an ! w ( ! nation4 ,our p1 imm]s$ 9 a pa9ful /ruggle = livelihood at home1 are indiff]5t to ! rights & wrongs ( ! _m squabbles into :i* we fl\nd] abroad4 ,g5]al malevol5ce has no "p 9 ?is matt]2 our real collective attitude t[>ds =eign]s is "o ( fri5dl9ess1 comb9$ ) an impulse to ! peaceful ex*ange ( commodities1 k9d words & g5tle arts--! :ole provocative ( love1 n hatr$4 ,! fundam5tal causes ( w>1 !n1 h be53 fir/1 ! comm]cial int]e/s ( a capitali/ class1 or1 if express$ 9 t]ms ( feel+1 ! desire 9 t class = increas$ weal?--a desire p>tly ! product ( inh]it$ rapacity1 a s5tim5t desc5d$ to u f our militant epo*2 second1 national pride--a pride :i* has k9dl$ animosities1 embroil$ u 9 disputes & dragg$ u into w>s1 ! pett9ess ( ^: small beg9n+s is only mat*$ by ! pett9ess ( ,briti% conduct ?r\gh\t _! :ole ext5t4 ,b bo? ?is rapacity & ?is national pride belong almo/ exclusively to our rul+ classes4 ,_! exi/5ce is expla9$ by ! action ( outw>d conditions on special sections ( ! community4 ,! ,briti% pass$ sudd5ly out ( a p]iod ( con/ant fight+ & feud into a p]iod ( frantic indu/rial activity4 ,feudal *iefs & _! desc5dants became grasp+ l&lords4 ,!re also sprang up a class ( %>p-witt$1 ke5-sight$ m51 ^: native rapacity /r5g!n$ 9 ! g5ial hot-b$ ( our brilliant comm]cial success4 ,a trem5d\s />t 9 ! int]national race aft] weal? 0 secur$ to ,great ,brita9 by h] possession ( iron1 coal1 etc4 ,%e absorb$ ri*es f e qu>t] ( ! globe1 & m]cantile triumph swell$ ! pride already deeply implant$ 9 our indu/rial organiz]s1 our politicians & pl5ipot5ti>ies4 ,! great mass ( ! p 7 diff]5tly affect$ by indu/rial conditions4 ,work]s ( e description1 pack$ toge!r 9 t[ns & factories1 rapidly develop$ ! qualities ( intimate social life1 & out-grew1 9 ! ma91 ! savage in/9cts ( militancy4 ,our comm]cial w>s & ,imp]iali/ic policy are fruits--n ( ! nation's brutality1 its gre$1 or its pride1 b ( its simple ignorance & its bl9d tru/ 9 individuals peculi>ly unfitt$ by inh]itance & p]sonal bias to guide x aright 9 relations ) o!r1 & especially ) weak]1 nations4 ,all ! w>s ( rec5t times--a record ( cruel blood%$ caus+ ne$less sorr[ & suff]+ to ! innoc5t--h be5 in/igat$ by ! rul+ classes "u ! dom9ion ( rapacity & pride4 ,:5 ^! rul+ classes are dispossess$ ( supreme p[]1 & civiliz$ democracies assume public responsibility ) political supremacy1 ! day ( dis>m+ ( nations w dawn4 ,! _w's work]s :o1 ap>t f _! rul]s1 h no t5d5cy to undue accumulation or national pride1 b ^: bias1 on ! contr>y1 is t[>ds sympa!tic co-op]ation 9 indu/ry1 w /r5u\sly seek ! joys & bless+s ( univ]sal peace4 ,b al?\gh ! w>-_s ( ! anci5t ,briton dies out & g5]al brutality decl9es1 individual brutality1 practis$ privately1 is common en\gh4 ,class tyranny1 sex tyranny1 & mu* ( dome/ic tyranny are rampant2 & ! co-relative feel+s1 viz4 abject fe> giv+ rise to hatr$1 ang]1 malice1 cunn+ & despicable meanness ( s\l1 are all /rongly 9 evid5ce4 ,! indu/rial sy/em t succe$$ our milit>y sy/em is ( no g5u9ely social type4 ,x is di/9ctly cont5ti\s1 & :5 we consid] h[ x has press$ = ab\t a c5tury ^u a pla/ic race inw>dly prone to e vice eng5d]$ by militancy1 ! matt] = surprise p]haps is t we are z good z we are4 ,9 classify+ emotional /ates !re is a s5tim5t :i*1 if n begott51 has at lea/ be5 br$1 n\ri%$ & widely diffus$ dur+ our indu/rial epo*--,i mean ! s5tim5t1 love ( prop]ty4 ,on no subject are opposite op9ions m /rongly & disputati\sly held ?an on ! "q ( ! nature & value ( ?is s5tim5t4 ,x is claim$ by "s z n only ! *ief support ( pres5t-day society1 b ! prime evolutional factor ( our entire civilization4 ,a savage only c>es to secure ! ?+s he is 9 imm$iate ne$ (4 ,he lacks imag9ation to picture :at he may want to-morr[1 also intellig5ce to provide = future cont+5cies & sympa!tic desire to provide = ! wants ( o!rs4 ,no soon]1 h[ev]1 does an e/abli%$ gov]nm5t give safe protection to individual prop]ty ?an prud5ce & =e?\ght appe>4 ,! man :o acquires prop]ty soon surr\nds himself ) com=ts1 & inspires 9 o!rs ! desire to foll[ 8 example4 ,social weal? accumulates1 & en]gies are set free = fur!r developm5t4 ,"s social units become complex1 intellectual ta/es & love ( travel arise1 & works ( art--! treasure-trove ( e>li] civilizations--are imp\nd$ to lay ! f\ndation ( arti/ic life 9 ! lat] civilization4 ,ae/hetic culture n[ gr[s rapidly4 ,pa9t+1 poetry1 music ab\nd1 & m5 may be lift$ above ! mean] c>es ( exi/5ce to an inw>d fre$om1 :]e sympa?y exp&s ?r\gh ! ex]cise ( elevat$ ?\ght & feel+4 ,is n love ( prop]ty1 !n1 a s5tim5t to hon\r & cons]ve8 ,its g5esis & hi/ory c]ta9ly comm& respect2 b ! already quot$ case ( ! ,podhalians proves t by no means is x an ess5tial 9 human evolution4 ,to t primitive p1 z ,dr4 ,le ,bon has %[n1 ri*es h no *>ms2 !y are poor1 liv+ pr9cipally ^u oats made into cakes & goat's milk4 ,!y enjoy p]fect heal? & live long4 ,!y are quick 9 appreh5sion1 fond ( danc+1 s++1 music & poetry4 ,!re is cle>ly no developm5t "h ( ! prop]ty-s5se1 yet ! ,podhalians h a v consid]able developm5t ( t gr\p ( emotions we t]m ae/hetic & reg>d z an evid5ce ( high ref9em5t & culture4 ,we are n !re=e logically entitl$ to claim t 7 ,briti% love ( prop]ty & ,briti% cupidity greatly dim9i%$1 art z a consequ5ce mu/ ne$s decay & ! race rev]t into b>b>ism4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] tells u 8t 9 "s e/abli%$ societies !re has be5 a con/ant ex]cise ( ! feel+ :i* is satisfi$ by a provision = ! future1 & a gr[? ( ?is feel+ s great t x n[ prompts accumulation to an ext5t beyond :at is ne$ful40 7#a/ vol4 ( ,essays1 #bnd s]ies1 p4 #acb47 ,t po9t has be5 ov]pass$ by ! ,briti%4 ,:at we h n[ to /ruggle aga9/ are v>i$ evils aris+ f a glut ( national weal? 7b ,i d n mean by ?is t]m commodities ( intr9sic value1 only weal? repres5t+ an ackn[l$g$ claim on ! lab\r ( o!rs7 & a frightful inflation ( ! s5tim5ts alli$ ) weal?1 :i* at "o "t 7 useful1 b = g5]ations h be5 produc+ outw>d vice & inw>d mis]y & corruption4 ,! ,briti% m]*ant goes on accumulat+ long aft] he has amply provid$ = himself & family1 & _m a poor man feels t[>ds t o!r's weal? precisely z a savage feels t[>ds 8 feti%4 ,he is fill$ ) rev]5ce1 admiration1 desire & a s5se ( di/ance f ! gold5 calf t makes him hopeless1 abject1 despair+4 ,! ,am]ican millionaire1 z depict$ by ,mr4 ,h[ells1 w1 8on a hot day1 :5 ! mortal gl>e ( ! sun blazes 9 ^u he>t & bra91 plot & plan 9 8 ,new ,york (fice till he swoons at ! desk40 ,su* a man is z mu* a victim to ov]-developm5t ( acquisitiv5ess z ! drunk>d is victim to an undue developm5t ( ! love ( /imulants1 & 9 ea* case ! deprav$ ta/e c>ries ru9 to ! individual & havoc into society4 ,social unity is r5t 9 twa94 ,a life ( exub]ant weal? & extravagant exp5diture runs p>allel ) "o ( con/ant1 inescapable pov]ty1 & s long z ! nation cont9ues to heap up ri*es 9 private possession1 j s long mu/ we reap an emotional h>ve/ ( envy1 malice1 private animosities1 class hatr$s & a subtle e/rangem5t ( he>t ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ! l&4 ,yet ev5 ! great poet ,t5nyson 9 8 writ+s exalts into a wor?y motive = holy w$lock ?is s5tim5t--love ( prop]ty4 ,an affectionate fa!r1 9 ! poem1 8,! ,si/]s10 exhorts 8 daught]s ?us3 8,"o %\ld m>ry1 or 444 all ! broad l&s w pass collat]ally06 ,! small accumulator ^: petty ho>d ( gold 0 gloat$ ov] piece by piece has long be5 labell$ mis]4 ,he is publicly condemn$1 & 9 lit]ature d]id$4 ,b ! m]*ant-pr9ce :o1 already weal?y1 devotes days & ye>s & 8 :ole m9d & he>t to bus9ess2 ! proprietor ( broad l&s :o adds acre to acre1 & anxi\sly m$itates on _! pass+ collat]ally2 ! ri* capitali/ :o craftily seeks to l[] wages 9 ! int]e/s ( employ]s2 ! gambl] on ! ,/ock ,ex*ange2 ! m>ket manipulator ^: pr$atory in/9cts are s pleasurably excit$ by risks & ga9s t he w haz>d 9 ! game all t nobl] m5 hold preci\s--^! be+s1 ,i say1 are z wor?y ( scorn & inf9itely m baneful ?an ! mis]4 ,!y mu/ take _! true place by 8 side 9 public e/imation4 ,!y are social de=mities1 morally diseas$4 ,9 o!r words1 ^! m5 are incapable ( moral duty1 :i* consi/s 9 8! obs]vance ( ^? rules ( conduct t contribute to ! welf>e ( society--! end ( society be+ peace & mutual protection1 s t ! individual may rea* ! fulle/ & highe/ life atta9able by man40 7,huxley's ,life1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cje47 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] ,i h %[n t ! self-reg>d+ s5tim5t ex]cis$ ) due consid]ation = ! welf>e ( o!rs is a social virtue4 ,x promotes national prosp]ity & p]sonal improvem5t4 ,b self-reg>d+ actions1 induc$ by ?is ma/]-passion ov]-acquisitiv5ess1 inv>iably issue 9 automatic selfi%ness & g5]al det]ioration4 ,9 reg>d to ae/hetic emotions also ! cleavage betwe5 ri* & poor has a fatal significance4 ,a luxuri\s1 idle1 = ! mo/ "p1 inane1 life l$ by ! ri*1 pr(\ndly influ5ces ! poor2 n by creat+ anti-social feel+ only1 b by *eck+ ae/hetic developm5t4 ,9 ! city ( _m slums !re is also a we/-end ( gay %ops fill$ ) objects de luxe1 ( %[ily dress$ wom51 pr(ligate m51 !atre1 music-hall & ball-room entrances1 at :i* to /& gaz+ z into a fairy peep-%[4 ,sugge/ion "h plays a mis*iev\s "p4 ,pov]ty h9d]s ! pur*ase ( all commodities t possess any real arti/ic value1 b comm]cial ent]prise has flood$ ! m>kets ) m]etrici\s imitations4 ,ea/-end %ops reflect ! glitt] & gl[ ( we/-end attractions1 & ! ignorant1 spell-b\nd by sugge/ion1 become possessors ( t :i* degrades & vulg>izes ta/e or ! s5se ( ! beautiful4 ,n[ t sci5ce p>tially dom9ates ?\ght1 our eyes h be5 op5$ to ! fact ( ess5tial unity 9 human gr\ps4 ,we may trace ! cause ( a social evil to a special section or class1 b ! effects ( t cause radiate =? till !y t\* e section or class4 ,dwell]s 9 ! we/-end _c escape disease propagat$ by ! vilely un:olesome conditions ( life at ! ea/-end4 ,micro-organisms ( disease are waft$ f hi!r to ?i!r1 & on ! physical plane social unity is recogniz$4 ,a l cont9uity exi/s on ! non-physical side4 ,m9ds are z closely unit$ by psy*ical law z bodies by physical law4 ,! exp]i5c$ facts ( hypnotism make ?is cle>1 & ! logical inf]5ce is t 9 ,we/]n civilization ! vices ( weal?y classes infect & corrupt ! masses4 ,t ! imag9ation ( ! great mass ( our p %\ld be sn>$ & _! evolutional progress ?w>t$ by m5tal sugge/ion f a banal1 vici\s life l$ by a comp>atively small portion ( ! nation1 is an outrage on civilization4 ,x r5d]s x imp]ative t ! cause ( ?is evil1 viz41 our cont5ti\s1 i4e4 our competitive sy/em ( indu/ry1 %\ld be fundam5tally *ang$4 ,= e gr\p ( human be+s ! /eady gr[? ( ^? social qualities :i* create happ9ess & ! /eady advance 9 intellectual1 ae/hetic & spiritual life1 dep5d on a close community ( int]e/s & ! con/ant op5+ up ( fre% *annels ( sympa?y ?r\gh\t ! gr\p4 ,b ! ,briti% racial gr\p has lo/ ?is community ( int]e/s--?is prim>y condition ( /eady gr[?4 ,x is split up into1 fir/1 a class ( prop]ty possessors made effem9ate by ill-sp5t leisure1 (t5 inflat$ by pride1 & at all times dem&+ ! artificial pleasures ( a luxuri\s life2 second1 a class /riv+ to amass prop]ty1 a class ^: ?\ghts & desires circle r\nd & c5tre 9 prop]ty1 & :o to acquire x (t5 sacrifice s]5ity ( m9d1 heal? ( body1 & ev5 life itself2 & ?ird1 ! mass ( ! p :o1 hav+ no prop]ty1 are yet enslav$ by x1 & :o on ! emotional side ( _! human nature are debas$ & corrupt$ by ! m5tal /ate ( ! classes4 ,z evolution approa*es ! era ( manhood ( human reason x becomes consci\s1 & dem&s a national ef=t to improve4 ,t ef=t fir/ appe>s 9 ! /r5u\s1 sci5tific /udy ( life z x is1 9 attempts at social recon/ruction1 & at improvem5t 9 public & private education4 ,x is se5 to be necess>y to /amp out all ! militant & pr$atory in/9cts ( mank9d by e?ical nurture & tra9+1 :ile all ! g5tle1 graci\s qualities ( mank9d mu/ be c>efully gu>d$ & n\ri%$1 until1 9 e social unit ! ef=t to improve is habitual1 i4e4 has become 8! ess5tial mode ( its be+40 7,j4 ,mc,gavin ,sloan47 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,p]sonal ,,jeal\sy--,,national ,,patriotism 8,jeal\sy is cruel z ! grave40 ,we %all progress fa/] by dilig5t /riv+ to fa%ion ! feel+ ( ! "t & /ir x f ! intellectual apa?y :i* is ! *iefe/ curse ( ! ,/ate4--,,alex4 ,m4 ,,?omson4 ,! dang] t confronts ! new c5tury is ! recrudesc5ce ( racial antipa?ies & national animosities4--,,h]mann ,,adl]4 ,! passion ( jeal\sy has a long & significant hi/ory1 & a p$igree m anci5t ?an ! alli$ s5tim5t1 love ( prop]ty1 :i* has j be5 consid]$4 ,! passion 0 useful to ! welf>e ( ! tribe at an e>ly p]iod1 b x survives z purely a vice 9 ! mid/ ( consolidat$ nations1 = x is ess5tially anti-social1 n necess>y to g5]al welf>e1 & impossible to be ex]cis$ sympa!tically or = ! good ( o!rs4 ,if ,i am jeal\s x means t ,i h a s\rce ( p]sonal delight t ,i w\ld gu>d f o!rs & monopolise if ,i c\ld4 ,! happ9ess may be self-produc$ or re/ on a be+ :om ,i love4 ,9 bo? cases x causes )9 me fe>s ( int]f]5ce1 suspicion ( my fell[s1 & a g5]al t5d5cy to dislike1 nay1 ev5 to hate !m if !y d>e to m$dle ) my secret joy4 ,! emotion is fundam5tally selfi%1 & :5 an individual is sympa!tic all r\nd he becomes incapable ( x4 ,he has ris5 above ! egoi/ic passion ( jeal\sy4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 tells u t among/ savages addict$ to 8intemp]ance1 utt] lic5ti\sness & unnatural crimes1 no soon] does m>riage1 :e!r polygam\s or monogam\s1 become common ?an jeal\sy leads to ! inculcation ( female virtue40 ,?is gives ! clue to ! problem ( jeal\sy's evolutional value4 ,x has play$ a "p 9 ! de/9y ( woman1 & t5d$ to %ape h] emotional nature4 ,its hi/ory is inextricably int]tw9$ ) h]s1 9 all ! v>y+ degrees ( s]vitude t m>k h] sl[ advance f a condition ( absolute *attelism to "o ( rational equality ) man4 ,by virtue ( sup]ior /r5g? man has act$ on ! !ory t he 0 made = ,god1 & woman = him6 & 9 ! process ( e/abli%+ 8 dom9ancy jeal\sy appe>$ & aid$ p[]fully ! gradual developm5t ( a new emotion--con/ancy1 a social grace & virtue z c]ta9 to wax & gr[ z jeal\sy is to wane & sl[ly disappe>4 ,9 lit]ature "o f9ds a reflection ( ! entire hi/ory ( jeal\sy & all its consecutive *anges f b>b>\s times ?r\gh ! ages1 :5 frequ5t duels witness$ to ! hon\rable place x held 9 public e/imation d[n to ! pres5t day1 :5 x is some:at discr$it$1 & duell+--9 ,great ,brita9 at lea/--has ceas$ altoge!r4 ,to track ?is hi/ory 7 impossible "h2 ,i c only po9t to "o or two significant pictures4 ,! play ( 8,o!llo0 depicts ! b>b>\s social conditions 9 :i* jeal\sy fl\ri%es4 ,%akespe>e reveals bo? ! anti-social nature ( ! passion & ! intellectual weakness ( ! m9d t h>b\rs x4 8,trifles light z air10 says ,iago1 8are to ! jeal\s confirmation /rong z pro(s ( holy writ40 ,& 9 effect ,o!llo is incapable ( sift+ evid5ce4 ,! poor device ( ! /ol5 h&k]*ief seals ! fate ( ,desdemona6 ,woman's subject position is pla9ly set =?1 & ! f\ndations ( ! passion 9 mascul9e ma/]-hood & pride ( p[] are fully expos$4 ,o!llo's wife mu/ be 8 slave & puppet4 8,out ( my sight10 he cries1 & pati5tly %e goes4 8,mi/ress10 he calls1 & %e returns4 8,y did wi%10 he says to ,lodovico1 8t ,i w\ld make h] turn40 ,desdemona is ! v type ( pati5t1 g5tle1 enslav$ womanhood1 ! ideal woman ( a r\gh1 brutal age4 ,h] fa!r describes h] z-- ,a maid5 nev] bold2 ,( _s s /ill & quiet1 t h] motion ,blu%'d at h]self4 ,obs]ve1 h[ev]1 inw>dly %e is m advanc$ ?an ! m54 ,%e p]ceives ! l[ nature ( jeal\sy1 & to ,emilia says t\*+ly1 8,my noble ,moor is true ( m9d1 & made ( no su* bas5ess z jeal\s creatures are40 ,alas1 = h] g5]\s confid5ce6 ,& :5 ! base passion trans=ms h] 8noble ,moor0 into a mon/] ( cruelty1 %e1 true to ! type ( h] sex at ! p]iod1 resembles a pet dog t fawns ^u & licks ! h& t /rikes him4 ,?is pati5t moan is all h] utt]ance-- ',tis meet ,i %\ld be us$ s1 v meet1 ,h[ h ,i be5 behav$ t he might /ick ,! small'/ op9ion on my lea/ misuse4 ,! only dignity %e %[s is 9 h] refusal to display h] sorr[ be=e ,emilia3 ,d n talk to me1 ,emilia2 ,i _c weep1 nor answ] ,i h none4 ,jeal\sy & duell+ fl\ri%$ long aft] ! ,%akesp]ian p]iod4 ,prose fiction 9 ! eighte5? c5tury is full ( ! subject ( mascul9e rivalry 9 ! appropriation ( ! female sex4 ,! woman passionately desir$ is ! prize or rew>d ( a victory 9 :i* ! h]o has manife/$ adroitness 9 arts ( blood%$4 ,fem99e w plays no "p 9 ! decision to :i* man ! h]o9e %all belong1 & ! rivals = h] possession make no pret5ce ( sup]ior "* z a claim on h] fav\r4 ,! g5tle spiritual qualities t alone create union ( he>t & m9d seem unkn[n4 ,ma/]-hood1 an apo!osis ( =ce1 is ! key to ! drama2 & ! rapid rise ( ! novel 9 public e/eem %[s t pleasurable s5sations 7 closely alli$ ) ! b>b>\s actions & feel+s t belong to a militant age4 ,e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury ,george ,eliot draws ! h]o ( h] fir/ great novel 7,adam ,b$e7 9 ! act ( pick+ a qu>rel ) a rival = a woman's love4 ,%e %[s jeal\sy 9 him spr++ *iefly f a s5se ( prop]ty 9 ,hetty4 ,! w\nd$ pride & self-importance ( a too despotic nature f9ds relief 9 fight+ ,ar?ur ,donni?orne4 ,9 ,middlem>* ! transition to a high] /age ( evolution is m>k$4 ,%e gives u !re a graphic picture ( a woman wre/l+ ) jeal\sy 9 ! secrecy ( h] own *amb]1 & correctly places 9 ! t5d]ly emotional nature ( t sex ! prim>y impulse to subdue ! vile passion4 ,female jeal\sy made no appeal to arms1 b 9 a ?\s& subtle ways x 0 s5d+ =? curr5ts ( anti-social =ce1 & )\t a widespread fem99e repudiation ( jeal\sy no cle> advance to high] social life 0 possible4 ,doro!a is a true type ( progress+ womanhood4 ,%e ga9s a victory 9 ! noble w>f>e we see h] wag+ inw>dly1 &1 ris+ f> above ! vile passion1 %e goes =? to h] rival 9 a gl[ ( g5]\s emotion t n only compels ! confid5ce ( ! latt]1 b = ! "t draws t selfi%1 n>r[ nature up to ! level ( h] own4 ,!re is no false note 9 ?is picture1 & if we glance at ! transcript ( real life at ! p]iod we may easily f9d its c\nt]p>t4 ,! well-kn[n writ]1 ,mrs4 ,jamieson 79 h] ,commonplace ,book7 relates3 8,i 0 n m ?an six ye>s old :5 ,i suff]$1 f ! fe> ( n be+ lov$1 & f ! idea t ano!r 0 pref]r$ be=e me1 su* angui% z _h ne>ly kill$ me6 ,:e!r ^? ar\nd me reg>d$ x z a fit ( ill-temp] or a fit ( illness ,i d n "k4 ,i c\ld n !n h giv5 a "n to ! pang t fev]$ me1 b ,i nev] =got t suff]+4 ,x left a deep impression1 & ! recollection 0 s f> salut>y t 9 aft] life ,i gu>d$ myself aga9/ ! approa*es ( t hateful1 de=m$1 agoniz+ ?+ :i* m5 call jeal\sy1 z ,i w\ld f an attack ( cramp or *ol]a4 ,if su* self-k has n sav$ me f ! pa91 at lea/ x has sav$ me f ! demoraliz+ effects ( ! passion1 by a :olesome t]ror & ev5 a sort ( disgu/40 ,! knell ( a dep>t+ phase ( inn] life 0 s\nd+ :5 womanhood acquir$ ! p[] to sift evid5ce f *ildi% recollections1 to detect ! utt] uselessness ( ! suff]+ jeal\sy creates & ! ignom9y ( all[+ x to become a cause ( suff]+ at all4 ,mrs4 ,jamieson /&s on ! ?re%old ( a new era1 = critical intellect "h ent]s ! sph]e ( ! emotions1 & ^!1 yield+ to guidance & control1 human reason is h5ce=? a prime factor 9 emotional evolution4 ,b fur!r1 sympa?y :5 develop$ to a c]ta9 po9t inevitably leads m5 a/ray if n guid$ by reason4 ,let me "h relate a sequ5ce ( ev5ts t occurr$ 9 my own exp]i5ce4 ,two girls became deeply atta*$2 !y work$ & /udi$ toge!r1 & _! fri5d%ip 0 a s\rce ( con/ant joy4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 h[ev]1 "o m>ri$1 & ! o!r girl felt =sak54 ,%e suff]$ f jeal\sy1 & imag9$ t ! husb& w\ld suff] simil>ly if %e kept h] place 9 h] fri5d's affections4 ,a husb&'s "r am\nt$1 9 h] view1 to a monopoly ( a wife's t5d]ness4 ,%e /rove1 !re=e1 to loos5 ! bond ( fri5d%ip2 to cool h] own ard5t affection & make no claims1 le/ x %\ld di/urb conjugal bliss4 ,! action 0 brave & prompt$ by sympa?y1 b x did n make = happ9ess4 ,9 a few %ort ye>s ! wife on h] dea?b$ spoke ?us to h] =m] fri5d3 8,:y did y sep>ate y\rself f me8 ,h[ c\ld y ?9k my love w\ld *ange8 ,i h be5 happy 9 my husb& & *ild1 b love nev] n>r[$1 x wid5$ me4 ,!re 0 pl5ty ( room = fri5d%ip1 too4 ,i sorely miss$ y1 & felt y\r loss ?rew a %ad[ ov] my m>ri$ life40 ,sympa?y alone1 !n1 is no un]r+ guide to conduct4 ,nev]!less1 9 a society p]meat$ by true k ( ! nature ( ! emotions & _! significance 9 evolution primitive good-feel+ may evolve1 pass+ ?r\gh ea* /age f ! basic or simple to ! complex1 & e g5]\s emotion prove accordant ) ! tru? ( ?+s1 & !re=e productive ( inw>d joy & outw>d "r action1 i4e4 action t5d+ to g5]al welf>e ev5 9 all ! labyr9?9e complexities ( a high civilization4 ,emotion accordant ) ! tru? ( ?+s--t is ! crux ( ! position2 & aga9 ,i c be/ illu/rate ! po9t by ref]5ce to ev5ts t occurr$ )9 my own k--ev5ts1 too1 by no means uncommon4 ,dur+ eight ye>s a girl 0 engag$ to m>ry a man we %all call ,rog]4 ,he 0 9 ,india & %e 9 ,engl&4 ,!y correspond$1 b mean:ile an intimacy sprang up betwe5 ! girl & ano!r man--we may call him ,m>k--to :om unwitt+ly h] he>t w5t out m w>mly ?an x _h ev] done to ,rog]4 ,%e ?\ght ! relation to ,m>k 0 "o ( pure fri5d%ip1 & he knew no?+ ( h] engagem5t to ,rog]4 ,! latt]'s approa*+ return to ,engl&1 h[ev]1 op5$ ! girl's eyes to h] true position1 & on ,m>k x fell z a cruel bl[4 ,he _h c\rt$ affection & respond$ to x 9 all s9c]ity1 & 0 m]ely )held f an op5 av[al by ! consci\sness (1 z yet1 insuffici5t means to ju/ify 8 suit 9 ! eyes ( h] p>5ts4 ,:5 concealm5t 0 at an end ! problem to him seem$ simple en\gh4 8,:i* d y love be/80 he ask$1 & add$ dom9antly1 8he is ! man y %\ld m>ry40 ,! girl 0 n conv9c$4 ,! k t %e c\ld n love ,rog] be/ fill$ h] ) t5d]ness t[>ds him4 ,h] emotional nature--wide en\gh to embrace bo? rivals ) sympa?y--c\ld give no decision1 & intellect 0 confus$ by false tea*+ 9 *ildhood4 8,duty10 %e ?\ght1 8is always difficult2 ought ,i n !n to *oose ! h>de/ pa? ( ! two be=e me1 & give up ,m>k80 ,9 ?is grave dilemma %e turn$ = advice to an eld]ly man on ^: judgm5t %e felt reliance4 ,bravely & tru?fully %e /at$ h] case1 innoc5tly betray+ t ignorance & ! wi% to d "r 7 dang]\sly ne> c>ry+ h] into action t 0 wrong4 8,let u rev]se ! position10 said h] m5tor4 8,rog]1 we %all suppose1 has writt5 to y to come out to ,india & m>ry him1 ! fact be+ he has fall5 9 love ) ano!r girl4 ,he did n mean to d t4 ,8 he>t slipp$ away f y to h] unconsci\sly1 & he is %ock$1 & blames himself1 n :olly )\t cause4 ,b be+ an hon\rable man1 he reasons ) himself ?us3 #8,i am b\nd to keep my engagem5t to ,m>y2 ,i w d s1 & /rive to make h] happy4' ,he meets y !n ) a lie 9 8 he>t1 n on 8 tongue1 = he w say no?+ ( y\r rival & ( 8 sacrifice & pa94 ,w\ld y be happy1 ?9k y8 ,w\ld y miss no?+8 ,& if lat] y discov]$ ! tru?1 w\ld y feel t ! g5]\s action 0 a j "o to y80 8,no1 no10 %e cri$1 8,i nev] c\ld wi% him to sacrifice 8 happ9ess to m9e2 ,i w\ld inf9itely r he told me ! tru?1 & m>ri$ ! o!r girl40 8,precisely s10 said h] fri5d1 8! tru? is always be/2 b ,i see y ?9k ,rog] is less unselfi% ?an y are6 ,is t j to him80 8,i h>dly "k10 %e murmur$1 8m5 are jeal\s1 are !y n80 8,jeal\s1 ah1 well1 we m5 are frail1 no d\bt6 ,b 7 ,i ,rog]1 ,i tell y frankly1 x w\ld n m5d matt]s to me t ,i _h won my wife )\t ! priceless jewel ( h] love4 ,be true to y\rself1 my "y fri5d1 t means also ju/ice to him1 & fl+ to ! w9ds all fe>s t make y sw]ve f ! pa? ( op5 rectitude40 ,! girl fulfill$ h] difficult task4 ,%e rel9qui%$ ! h]oic mood1 met h] fir/ lov] ) p]fect c&\r1 & a %ort "t lat] became ,m>k's wife4 8,rog] fre$ me at once10 %e said to h] wise m5tor2 8he'd r h my fri5d%ip1 :i* is p]fectly s9c]e1 ?an love ) a /ra9 ( fals5ess4 ,oh1 ,i am glad1 & yet ,i "k he grieves2 ,i w\ld give mu* to be able to console him60 8,ah10 said h] fri5d1 8bew>e ( s5tim5tality & self-importance !re4 ,rog]'s consolation w come ?r\gh 8 own true he>t4 ,9 "t he w love aga94 ,see to x t y #8let ! dead pa/ bury its dead4'0 ,loyalty to tru? is n firmly root$ 9 humanity1 :ile )\t tru? z its guid+ pr9ciple social feel+1 con/antly ris+1 ov]fl[s old *annels & floods ) new dang]s ! semi-civilization ( ! pres5t4 ,!re is no escape at ?is juncture f ! absolute necessity ( develop+ ! critical faculty & apply+ x to ! social que/ions ( ! day2 9 o!r words1 us+ reason1 intellig5ce1 k1 z ! guides & controll]s ( feel+4 ,we turn n[ f p]sonal emotions to an emotion t sways mank9d collectively1 & manife/s itself 9 /ill m direful results ?an ^? ( individual jeal\sy4 ,patriotism1 l jeal\sy1 is ( anci5t orig91 & at "o "t possess$ social utility4 ,)\t x !re c\ld h>dly h occurr$ ! trans=mation ( vagrant tribes into massive communities solidly e/abli%$ on "o portion ( ! e>?'s surface & sectionally sw>m+ to o!r portions z occasion requires4 ,! orig9al elem5t hold+ a tribe toge!r has be5 t]m$ by a rec5t sociologi/ 8consci\sness ( k9d10 i4e4 a feel+ n dep5d5t on intellectual cong5iality or emotional sympa?y1 b simply on ne>ness 9 place1 "t & blood4 ,) tribal gr[? cohesion proves necess>y to self-protection f adv]se environm5ts1 :e!r ( natural =ces1 wild animals or human foes4 ,exp]i5ce reveals t union is /r5g?1 & ho/ility to o!r tribes fo/]s union 9 opposition4 ,! inw>d attitude becomes complex2 x embraces cohesion & repulsion2 x is ess5tially a union 9 enmity4 ,n[ we h se5 h[ 9 boyhood an innoc5t cam>ad]ie or esprit de corps begets inju/ice to s*oolma/]s1 & balks ! developm5t ( ! mod]n consci5ce2 simil>ly "h !re are e?ical dang]s insep>able f a s5tim5t t beg9n+ 9 8consci\sness ( k9d0 exp&s into sociality1 yet has a conv]se side ( ho/ility & hate4 ,at ! pres5t day patriotism & int]national w>f>e are closely comb9$4 ,! /ud5t ( life :o kn[s t ! g5]al tr5d ( evolution is t[>ds a reign ( univ]sal peace1 recognizes t al?\gh nations h be5 consolidat$ by outw>d w>f>e & inw>d patriotism1 ?is s5tim5t1 s limit$ 9 range & s l>gely anti-social1 c be no virtue = all "t4 ,patriotism belongs to ! militant /age ( national hi/ory1 & z reg>ds ,great ,brita9 x is pla9ly out ( date4 ,its action is n good1 b evil4 ,! w> 9 ,s\? ,africa begun 9 #ahii 0 n caus$ by racial enmity1 b by m]cantile ent]prise4 ,economic =ces involv$ 9 ,great ,brita9's competitive comm]cial sy/em 7 ! prime factors 9 its creation1 b )\t ! exi/5ce ( a vague un9tellig5t patriotic s5tim5t 9 ! c\ntry g5]ally ! ,gov]nm5t w\ld n h be5 support$ by ! p 9 ! prosecution ( t w>4 ,our enfran*is$ masses1 fir$ by a sudd5 en?usiasm & rack$ by sympa?y 9 ! brave de$s & cruel suff]+s ( our soldi]s & sailors1 saw ! phantasmagoria ( mod]n w>f>e 9 false col\rs4 ,imag9ation 0 grasp$ & controll$ by a press work+--?\gh half-unconsci\sly--9 ! int]e/s ( a special m]cantile class2 & :ile t5d] emotions ov]fl[$ 9 g5]\s help to "o's own k9d1 a sympa?y /imulat$ by public laudation1 ! rev]se side ( ! picture 0 ignor$4 ,b 9 ?is1 z 9 all w>s1 sympa?y _h its c\nt]poise 9 antagonism & rancor\s enmity4 ,all ! brutal in/9cts lat5t 9 a race t _h f\ght its way to supremacy among ,european ,p[]s 7 r\s$ afre% & /irr$ into fatal activity1 & ! evolv+ mod]n consci5ce & s5tim5ts ( ju/ice1 hon\r1 tru? t[>ds all m51 7 *eck$ & ov]borne by a loyalty t condones ! fi]ce primitive passions4 ,hatr$ & un*>itabl5ess 7 ev5 voic$ f "s pulpits1 & ! t]m ,pro-,bo] 0 opprobri\sly laun*$ at ^? lov]s ( peace :o tri$ to def5d _! c\ntry's foes f exagg]at$ blame4 ,x 0 skilfully h&l$ to promote militant en?usiasm1 & disc\nt5ance all criticism ( militant action & feel+4 ,on ! emotional side ( human nature inimical effects ( w>f>e 7 :olly disreg>d$1 & op9ions on ! subject ( w> giv5 =? by a s-call$ educat$ class ( m5 & eag]ly imbib$ by an ignorant public 7 confus$1 (t5 false & %amefully mislead+4 ,"o ( ^! pseudo-tea*]s alleg$ t ! w>s ( pa/ times indicat$ *ronic disease1 b milit>ism 9 ! pres5t 0 useful1 because 9 ! home-life ( ! nation ! re/ra9ts ( au?ority are becom+ weak 7,capt4 ,mahan74 ,& an em95t /atesman ann\nc$ 8 impression t ! ,s\? ,african w> 0 8design$ to build up ^? moral qualities :i* are aft] all ! only solid & ! only p]man5t f\ndation on :i* any empire c be built06 7,mr4 ,balf\r's spee* at ,man*e/]2 ,scotsman's ,report1 ,janu>y #i1 #aijj47 ,b ! true me?od ( judg+ an ev5t is to ex]cise comp>ison1 tak+ into acc\nt a f> great] mass ( social ph5om5a ?an t ( ! imm$iate pres5t4 ,n[ ! c>eful /udy ( pa/ hi/ory has prov$ t an outbreak ( militant frat]nity1 comb9$ ) indulg5ce 9 ! pr9ciple ( enmity1 leaves a society less frat]nal ?an be=e 9 reg>d to ! lab\rs ( peace & ( build+ up2 & aga9/ ! claim t milit>y tra9+ is a good prep>ation = civic life !re lies ! :ole te/imony ( civilization4 ,fur!r1 ! survival ( militancy fru/rates ! solv+ ( our great social problems1 & ! rec5t relapse to ! milit>i/ ideal is a grave h9drance to t social sci5ce :i* w\ld provide ! true ways ( humaniz+ defective types4 7,i ref] my read] = a full] /atem5t on ^! l9es to ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson's ,patriotism & ,empire47 8,aft] ,wat]loo10 says ,mr4 ,rob]tson1 8x seems to h be5 realiz$ by ! intellig5ce ( ,europe t milit>ism & imp]ialism _h alike pi]c$ ! h&s t leant on !m40 ,nev]!less1 !y reappe>$1 z we "k1 galvaniz$ into fatal activity 9 human affairs1 at ! close ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,aga91 ! action ( int]national capitalism & ! ideal ( imp]ialism h be5 analys$ f ! /&po9t ( social philosophy by ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,hobson1 an advanc$ & logical ?9k] on economic que/ions4 ,8 conclusion is t ! driv+ =ces ( aggressive imp]ialism are ! organiz$ influ5ces ( c]ta9 pr(essional & comm]cial classes :i* h def9ite economic advantages to ga9 by assum+ a spuri\s patriotism1 & ! mo/ pot5t ( all ^! influ5ces emanates f ! f9anci]4 ,! p[] ( f9anci]s1 ex]t$ directly ^u politicians & indirectly ?r\gh ! press ^u public op9ion1 is1 p]haps1 s says ,mr4 ,hobson1 ! mo/ s]i\s problem 9 public life to-day4#e ,footnote #e3 ,! ,contempor>y ,review ( ,janu>y1 #aijj4 ,x is n by sangu9>y conflicts 9 :i* victory turns on sup]ior numb]s1 sup]ior arms1 & sup]ior cunn+ 9 milit>y tactics1 t a nation's greatness is built up at ?is p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory4 ,:at progress dem&s is n m ( national weal? & int]national p[]2 x is a bett] sy/em ( indu/rial life & a f9] type ( humanity--m5 & wom5 ( cle> intellectual insight1 high moral c\rage1 unselfi% in/9cts & humane s5tim5ts guiltless ( n>r[ exclusiv5ess4 ,^! m5 & wom51 disc]n+ ideally ! be/ me?ods ( build+ up a nation's greatness on ! happ9ess ( its p1 w aid our half-civiliz$ races to embody t ideal on ! physical plane1 & to educate _! *ildr5 to live up to x & %[ =? all its beauty4 ,9 ! m5tal basis ( a high spiritual life ev5 n[ our *ildr5 are a reproa*1 = "h & !re !y emit sp>ks indicative ( embryonic s5tim5t 9 advance ( practice ar\nd !m4 ,at ! height ( ! ,bo] ,w> a *ild 9 8 nurs]y on be+ told t 8 nurse 0 op5+ a t9 ( bo>'s head = breakfa/1 exclaim$1 e feature quiv]+ ) sudd5 disgu/1 8,cat* me eat my enemy's head40 ,:5 a nation repudiates ) simil> disgu/ t :olesale de/ruction ( life1 :i* is no :it less evil ?an ! cannibalism ( an e>li] date1 !n w w> & patriotism cease to be--_! place tak5 by a civilization /&+ firm on ! f\ndation ( human happ9ess & love4 ,giv5 su* outw>d conditions ( life z are fav\rable to a fre] ex]cise ( ! noble/ social attributes & impulses ( man1 & ! e?ical temp] w prevail4 ,by e?ical temp] ,i mean n only ! abs5ce ( all animosities t eng5d] conflict1 b ! pres5ce ( a /rong s5se ( p]sonal rights & an equally /rong protectiv5ess ov] ! rights ( o!rs--a national impulse1 9 %ort1 to an equival5ce ( lib]ty & social com=t = all mank9d4 ,b ?is ju/ice is a supremely complex emotion--! "o ( all o!rs t dem&s mo/ ( human capacity4 ,x re/s ^u m5tal developm5t1 i4e4 a univ]sal enl>gem5t ( m9d4 ,indu/rial *anges !re mu/ be1 b ^! alone w n secure progress2 we ne$ true education1 = 9 ! deep] /rata ( exi/5ce--! region ( feel+1 ! movem5ts ( *ange mu/ be guid$ f ! old ord] to ! new4 ,h5ce ! vital importance ( moral education--an education t w create an intellig5t appreciation ( tru? :]ev] pres5t$1 & b9d all m5 toge!r 9 loyalty to tru?4 ,,"p ,v ,,education ,,or ,,direct ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,*ildhood ,,to ,,! ,,civiliz$ ,,habit ,,( ,,m9d ,we acquire ! virtues by do+ ! acts4 ,we become build]s by build+4 ,,ari/otle4 ,,education ,next 9 importance to ! inborn nature is ! acquir$ nature :i* a p]son owes to 8 education & tra9+2 n alone to ! education :i* is call$ le>n+1 b to t developm5t ( "* :i* has be5 evok$ by ! conditions ( life4--,dr4 ,h4 ,,maudsley4 ,we are beg9n+ to realize ! responsibilities t re/ on ea* g5]ation ( adults 9 respect ( ! life evolv+ ar\nd u4 ,x is n m]ely ! /ructure & texture ( civilization t is affect$ by e pass+ g5]ation1 x is ! intr9sic quality ( ! human life to foll[4 ,we h se5 h[ ! laws ( h]$ity l>gely decide ! physical embodim5t ( ! com+ lives z a resultant ( ! reproductive action ( p>5ts :e!r motiv$ by e?ical pr9ciple or by unre/ra9$ animal passion4 ,we h n[ to consid] ! second great human factor 9 man's evolution1 viz4 nurture or education1 :i* dep5ds 9 its highe/ t]ms ^u s\nd k & ! application ( t k by m5 & wom5 ( ! p]iod4 ,9 an advanc$ sci5tific age1 ! reproductive =ces ( man w be socially controll$ & guid$ to ! creation ( normal1 i4e4 heal?y1 physical life2 :ile ! :ole app>atus ( nurture1 or ! entire range ( influ5ce1 play+ ^u *ildhood1 w manife/ a rational adaptation ( means to a special end1 namely1 ! elevation ( humanity4 ,adaptation necess>ily becomes m difficult ) ! gr[+ complexities ( evolv+ humanity1 b nev] has man's intellect be5 /rong] ?an to-day to grapple ) difficult problems1 or s furni%$ ) ! facts requir$ 9 deal+ ) ?is problem ( education4 ,! m>vell\s sci5tific discov]ies ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & ! practical uses to :i* ^! discov]ies are put1 h creat$ 9 man a new attitude t[>ds ext]nal nature4 ,all ,we/]n nations p>take ( ! sci5tific b5t4 ,!y are int]p5etrat$ by rev]5ce = sci5ce1 & are consci\s t its me?od ( close obs]vation & /udy ( nature is ! direct road to mat]ial progress4 ,?is b5t is influ5c+ s*ool education4 ,!re are few ?\ghtful tea*]s to-day :o d n recognize t "s h\rs sp5t at int]vals 9 c\ntry lanes & fields1 on ! sea-%ore1 or 9 a f>m-y>d1 ) *ildr5 free to obs]ve accord+ to native impulse1 :5 foll[$ by c>eful in/ruction conc]n+ ! objects obs]v$1 are ( f> m value ?an weeks ( book-le>n+ indoors4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,am]ica 8nature-/udies0 on ?is plan are work$ into ! public s*ool curriculum4#f ,b adaptation implies also a full] k ( ! rudim5t>y faculties :i* are to be sci5tifically nurtur$1 & "h aga9 ,am]ica has tak5 ! lead4 ,9 its 8*ild-/udy0 movem5t1 n[ spread+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 an ef=t is made to appreh5d nature's processes 9 unfold+ m5tal p[]s2 & ! inf]5ce is t tea*]s may ?w>t progress by trav]s+ ! true ord] ( m5tal developm5t4 ,?is cle>ly indicates ! entrance ( a sci5tific _s into ! field ( education4 ,x %[s reg>d = ! ord] ( nature1 will+ness to be guid$ by k ( t ord]1 & a conviction t ! laws ( a *ild's inn] be+ mu/ be respect$ & no arbitr>y compulsion ex]cis$ 9 br++ him into h>mony ) ! laws ( ! environm5t4 ,footnote #f3 ,! s*ools ( to-day are made m & m into m9iature worlds :]e *ildr5 are taught h[ to live4 ,! actual indu/ries ( ! _w z well z its art gall]ies1 museums & p>ks are be+ utiliz$ z "p ( public s*ool equipm5t4 ,! *ildr5 are tak5 to ! %ops1 ! m>kets1 ! g>d5s1 etc4 ,! ,new ,_s ( ,education1 by ,ar?ur ,h5ry1 ,munsey's ,magaz9e1 #aijb4 ,a *ild's capacities1 h[ev]1 are n c5tr$ 9 8 intellect4 ,on ! passional side ( 8 be+1 8 spontane\s impulses ( desire1 fe>1 joy1 grief1 love1 hatr$1 jeal\sy1 etc41 h to be /udi$1 & educative =ces f\nd = _! guidance & control4 ,moreov]1 ! ultimate aim is n 8 subjection to fix$ rules ( life1 b ! e/abli%m5t )9 ! he>t ( ! *ild ( a supreme rule ov] all 8 passions4 ,& aga91 e *ild has *>act]i/ics indicative ( ! c\rse ( developm5t und]gone by ! special race to :i* he belongs4 ,! geographical position & primitive indu/ry ( t race1 its conque/s & failures 9 /ruggl+ upw>ds f savag]y to a measure ( civilization--all h left an impress 9 specific effects4 ,9 respect ( our =mal me?ods ( giv+ in/ruction !re is mu* t is op5 to discussion2 b ! po9ts usually rais$ are ! be/ means ( tea*+ gramm>1 hi/ory1 geography1 ari?metic1 & s =?1 n ! f> m important "q ( h[ be/ to a*ieve an all-r\nd developm5t 9 face ( ! organic unity & m>vell\s multiplicity ( qualities 9 ! *ild ( a civiliz$ race4 ,great improvem5t has tak5 place 9 e bran* ( s*ool tea*+ bo? z reg>ds ! k ( tea*]s & ! me?ods !y adopt 9 imp>t+ ! k2 nev]!less1 ^! improvem5ts are m9or matt]s z comp>$ ) ! g5]al "q be=e u4 ,dur+ ! rise & progress ( our indu/rial sy/em bas$ on individualism1 ! con/ant fluctuations ( trade1 ! compet+ ( ma*9]y aga9/ human lab\r1 ! p]petual dang] ( gett+ ?r[n out ( "w1 ! utt] failure ( ?rift z any protection f int]mitt5t pov]ty--h be5 factors em95tly calculat$ to produce a highly n]v\s type ( humanity4 ,*ildr5 ( t type may happily prove bright & eag] amid wret*$ surr\nd+s1 b x 7 folly to expect !m to %[ any impulse t[>ds a high /&>d ( liv+1 any outlook beyond ! imm$iate pres5t1 or any inh]5t *eck ^u action socially immoral4 ,on ! o!r h&1 our city work]s h sprung ma9ly f an agricultural class ^: scatt]$ families pres5t$ ! defects ( a l[ ord] ( life re>$ 9 isolation4 ,_m ( ^! defects h be5 c\nt]act$ by segregation )9 t[ns1 h[ev] unfav\rable 9 o!r directions t may h prov$4 ,! close proximity ( be+s affect$ by ! same fateful conditions1 ! actual sorr[+ & rejoic+ toge!r h exp&$ ! emotional nature & eng5d]$ true sympa?y4 ,pr(essor ,huxley once said1 8,x is futile to expect a hungry & squalid population to be any?+ b viol5t & gross40 ,yet we h an imm5se population ( work]s1 (t5 hungry1 & at all times environ$ m or less by squalor1 ^: av]age "* is n viol5t & gross1 b di/9ctly humane4 ,turn+ f ! masses to ! classes we f9d "s po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! ri* & ! poor1 viz4 diff]5ces foll[+ f ! div]se indu/rial conditions4 ,leisure1 z comm&$ by ! ri*1 has made m5tal developm5t possible :]ev] desire prompt$ intellectual ef=t1 & ! magnific5t record ( la/ c5tury's a*ievem5ts 9 discov]y ( tru?1 acquisition ( k1 & promotion ( arti/ic skill1 is a ga9 to ! _w at l>ge--a ga9 made possible by accumulation ( weal? unequally di/ribut$4 ,b intellectual faculty has frequ5tly be5 deprav$ ?r\gh its devotion to weal? production4 ,! true aims ( life are lo/ sight ( by *iefs ( indu/ry ^: emotional nature has h>d5$ "u ! daily spectacle ( /ruggl+ fell[-be+s1 on ^: lab\r _! =tunes are built up4 ,! dignity ( useful lab\r has _h no vogue 9 g5]al education4 ,an opposite pr9ciple--t ! highe/ dignity consi/s 9 be+ s]v$ by o!rs & 9 possess+ ! means ( con/ra9+ & exploit+ ! lab\r ( o!rs1 is impress$ on ! *ildr5 ( our classes by ! :ole play ( circum/ance ar\nd !m4 ,! prop]ty-s5se has become unduly develop$1 & a selfi% mammon-wor%ip holds ! place :i* an altrui/ic public _s ought to hold 9 ! inn] life ( a civiliz$ p4 ,x is true t a %[y *>ity--a patronage by ! ri* ( ! poor--is ev]y:]e pres5t ?r\gh\t society1 b t :i* creates & supports x is a s5tim5t :olly diff]5t f ! simple k9dness ( ! poor to ! poor4 ,x is )\t ! ess5tial features ( t *>ity t 8vaunte? n itself1 is n puff$ up1 seeke? n h] own 444 ?9ke? no evil40 ,n[ ! sci5tific _s ( to-day1 9 obs]v+ ! uncontroll$ play ( middle-class *ildr51 has discov]$ h[ great is _! int]e/ & joy 9 ! spontane\s ex]cise ( ! faculty ( make-believe4 ,co/ly toys w readily be ?r[n aside to take "p 9 a game ( 8pret5d$0 h\sekeep+ or %opkeep+1 or act+ ! "p ( fa!r1 "m1 nursemaid1 or cook4 ,& h]e9 !re lies1 says "o ( our advanc$ tea*]s1 8a p[]ful h9t h[ to keep *ildr5's att5tion alive :ile cultivat+ to ! utmo/ _! imag9ative1 obs]v+1 con/ructive & correlat+ faculties4 ,we mu/ dramatize our s*ool education & connect s*ool ideally ) real life40 7,mr4 ,h[>d ,swan2 8 introductory lecture at ! op5+ ( ,b$=d ,p>k ,s*ool47 ,b ! 8p[]ful h9t0 goes deep]4 ,x po9ts to an in/9ct or a deeply implant$ desire & capacity = actual "w on ! "p ( *ildr5 ( a practical race4 ,to play at "w is pleasurable1 to d "w m pleasurable /ill4 ,yet 9 bl9dness to ! fact t 9 draw+ out into action e rudim5t>y faculty fav\rable to happy life lies ! true pa? ( education or an all-r\nd developm5t1 society has %ut (f middle & upp]-class *ildr5 f ! sight & he>+ ( h\sehold lab\r4 ,9 nurs]ies1 amid artificial toys1 _! daily r\t9e is to seek amusem5t self-c5tr$2 & z 9 ^! days ( small r ?an l>ge families1 nurs]y *ildr5 are (t5 solit>y1 !re is a sy/ematic repression bo? ( natural activities & infold$ natural emotions4 ,! same repressions are c>ri$ =w>d into s*ool life4 ,dramatiz$ tea*+ may connect s*ool ideally ) real life1 b x _c satisfy a *ild's crav+s = ! real1 & ! companion%ip ( *ildr5 ( simil> age w nev] call out ! complex =ces ( a _m-sid$ emotional nature4 ,x is n play+ at life t is requir$ = education1 x is ! %>+ ( life's duties ( s]vice1 & con/ant opportunity giv5 = ! practice ( v>i$ humanities4 ,! *ildr5 ( our sup]ior work]s may p]*ance f>e bett] if ! "m is a capable woman1 & ! home n ov]cr[d$4 ,! light] p>ts ( h] "w are %>$ by ! little ones1 & to help "m 9 sweep+ & du/+1 wa%+ cups & sauc]s1 & plac+ !m neatly 9 ! cupbo>d1 etc41 are n only int]e/+ & useful occupations1 !y are educative1 = !y imply a simultane\s tra9+ ( ! eye1 ! f+]s1 ! m5tal faculties & ! he>t4 ,b ov]cr[d+1 ! mis]able h\s+ ( ! poor1 & ! e>ly age at :i* infant s*ool-life beg9s1 makes su* home-tra9+ difficult ev5 to ! be/ ( mo!rs1 :ile to ! upp] classes--fro/-b\nd 9 artificial dome/ic cu/oms1 all home-tra9+ seems impossible4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 %\ld det] a /ud5t ( evolution f proclaim+ t ! home-life ( our p w l>gely decide ! nation's future4 ,unless ! great problem ( ! h\s+ ( ! poor is rightly solv$1 & unless educat$ wom5 become r\s$ to ! necessity ( a *ang$ home-life 9 ! int]e/s ( _! *ildr51 & set !mselves volunt>ily to ! task ( dome/ic re=m )9 _! own circle1 ! social /ate c nev] be greatly improv$4 ,all *ildr5 born 9 a civiliz$ nation h a "r to education4 ,t ?is pr9ciple has be5 fully ackn[l$g$ is evid5c$ by our ,educational ,acts & ! innum]able ,bo>d ,s*ools t /ud ! c\ntry4 ,b z long z population among ! masses rises )\t *eck1 ! highe/ aim ( education1 viz4 ! developm5t & elevation ( individual "* mu/1 z reg>ds _! *ildr51 rema9 9 abeyance4 ,! only practicable l9e ( action is to ga!r !m toge!r into l>ge s*ools1 & :ile be/[+ g5]al in/ruction 9 read+1 writ+1 ari?metic1 etc41 to subject !m to "s h\rs ( sy/ematic guidance & control4 ,?is signifies ob$i5ce to rule & ord]--a useful discipl9e to juv5iles ( ,bohemian nature1 & x is ! only me?od ( re/ra9+ t5d5cies to lic5ce1 )\t r\s+ a _s ( revolt4 ,fre% air1 :olesome food1 ample ba?+1 & ! play ( sunlight & col\r ^u n]ves ( s5sation--^! /imulate bodily heal?1 :ile music1 & ! p]sonal influ5ce ( high-m9d$ tea*]s1 ?r[ into vibration f9] n]ves ( s5sibility1 & elevate ! m5tal & moral tone4 ,b beyond ?is po9t1 l>ge s*ools are incapable ( sci5tific adaptation to ! ne$s ( a mod]n education 9 a rapidly socializ+ community4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> #ahcg t !re issu$ f ! press a "w on education writt5 by ,isaac ,taylor1 :o !re lays d[n ?is proposition3 8,if l>ge s*ools 7 grant$ to be g5]ally bett] adapt$ to ! practical ends ( education ?an private in/ruction1 ! welf>e ( society on ! :ole dem&s also ! o!r me?od4 ,! s*ool-br$ man is ( "o sort1 ! home-br$ man ( ano!r--! community has ne$ ( bo?4 ,h5ce no tyranny ( fa%ion is m to be resi/$ ?an su* z w\ld r5d] a public education compulsory & univ]sal40#g ,not)/&+ ?is w>n+1 ! tyranny ( fa%ion is c>ry+ u ye>ly m & m into ! production ( s*ool-br$ wom51 z well z s*ool-br$ m54 ,our girls' high s*ools are replicas ( our boys' public s*ools1 & society suff]s /ill m f ! loss ( ! home-br$ woman ?an ! home-br$ man4 ,footnote #g3 ,home ,education1 p4 #bb4 ,aga91 ! late ,pr(essor ,d',arcy ,w4 ,?ompson1 9 8 *>m+ly-writt5 ,day-dreams ( a ,s*oolma/]1 gives u ! fruits ( a ripe exp]i5ce ga9$ dur+ twelve ye>s ( boyhood 9 a l>ge public s*ool1 & _m ye>s ( manhood z tea*] ( classics 9 s*ools & univ]sity4 ,8 boyhood1 he tells u1 0 dre>y because ( ! monoton\s r\t9e4 ,he 0 8f$ on dull books1 & ! manuals 7 9 _m cases m]e tramways to p$antry4 ,8 m5tal tra9+ 0 a cont9u\s s5sation ( ob/ruction & pa94 ,8 spiritual p>ts 7 furr[$40 7,obs]ve1 !re 7 no nature-/udies at t p]iod47 ,! incitem5t to ef=t 0 ! cane or ! tawse1 & flogg+1 he believes1 nev] in/ils c\rage1 x has trans=m$ _m a boy into a sneak4 8,let u disc>d puni%m5t10 says ! ,pr(essor1 8& endeav\r to make our pupils love "w40 ,! :ole educational sy/em 9 8 day 0 me*anical & artificial1 yet :5 he /rove to initiate new me?ods ! boys 7 )drawn f 8 *>ge4 ,p>5ts und]/ood little ( true education4 ,!y 7 slaves to cu/om4 8,h[ is x10 he asks1 8t fa!rs ) a p]sonal exp]i5ce l my own s5d _! boys to s*ool80 ,he answ]s3 8,!y say to !mselves1 #8,dep5d ^u x if !re 7 no virtue 9 bir*+ & can+1 9 ,lat9 v]ses & ,greek :at-y-may-call-'ems1 !y w\ld n h held _! gr\nd s long among/ a practical p l ourselves6' ,s ,johnnie is s5t to ! t[n gramm> s*ool & ! great "t-hon\r$ g]und-/one turns z be=e1 & w turn to ! la/ syllable ( record$ "t40 ,= ! g]und-/one he w\ld sub/itute an easy viv voce conv]sational me?od ( in/ruction 9 all elem5t>y classes1 & ?r\gh\t ! s*ool2 = co]cion1 ! m ?an hydraulic pressure ( a p]si/5t1 cont9u\s g5tl5ess4 ,?irty ye>s be=e ! ,day-dreams 0 publi%$1 "o writ] at lea/ 0 op5-ey$ to ! defects ( s*ool education4 ,he *>g$ p>5ts ) adopt+ ! new bo>d+-s*ool sy/em because x sp>$ !m "s responsibility1 & *ildr5 7 apt to be teas+ & importunate4 8,boys advance at s*ool quickly10 he said1 89 k ( ! auxili>y v]bs1 ! my/]ies ( syntax & ! /ories ( gods & goddesses2 b ,i am confid5t t ! reason :y wom5 g5]ally are s mu* bett] dispos$ ?an m5 is ?is3 !y live dome/ically & famili>ly4 ,!y are p5etrat$ ) ! home-_s1 !y are imbu$ ) all its influ5ces1 _! memory is n f$ to ple?ora :ile ! he>t is left to wa/e & p]i%4 ,no daught] ( m9e %all ev] be s5t to s*ool2 at home ! he>t1 :]e9 are ! issues ( all good1 develops itself f day to day4 ,!re *ildr5 rip5 9 _! affections4 ,!re !y le>n _! humanities1 n 9 ! academic s5se1 b 9 ! natural & true "o40#h ,footnote #h3 ,self-,=mation1 by ,capel ,l(ft1 vol4 #a1 p4 #db4 ,:]e1 alas6 d we f9d to-day ! daught]s ( ! classes :o are n s5t to s*ool8 ,our girls' high s*ools ov]fl[2 & t1 n by ! action ( ,/ate control1 b by ! volunt>ily assum$ yoke & tyranny ( fa%ion4 ,girls em]g+ f ^! s*ools are n 8s mu* bett] dispos$ ?an m540 ,!y are c]ta9ly n dome/icat$ & imbu$ ) a home-_s4 ,!y may h ga9$ 9 ref9em5t--ev5 to fa/idi\sness6 & 9 ! k ( ,lat9 & ,greek1 or :at is call$ ! high] culture1 b !y are *>act]iz$ g5]ally by a _s ( pleasure-seek+4 ,!y become1 9 _m cases1 :at has aptly be5 call$ 8nons5se wom51 prep>$ only to lead butt]fly lives40 ,n[1 p>5ts :o %irk ! responsibility & ef=t entail$ 9 %ap+ _! *ildr5's *>act]s to ! be/ ( _! ability c only expect _! own self-indulg5ce to become int5sifi$ 9 ! lives ( _! *ildr54 ,let me n1 h[ev]1 be "h misund]/ood4 ,! movem5t = ! high] education ( wom5 is a /ep =w>d 9 civilization4 ,_m wom5 are born ) great m5tal capacity1 & )\t ! specific intellectual culture n[ obta9able ! _w w\ld lose mu*1 :ile ! nonex]cise ( su* native p[]s creates inw>d mis]y4 ,b culture1 accord+ to ,mat!w ,arnold1 implies ! /udy ( p]fection1 & ! late ,pr(essor ,huxley's ideal is express$ z foll[s3--8,t man has _h a lib]al education :o has be5 s tra9$ 9 y\? t 8 body is ! ready s]vant ( 8 w1 & does ) ease & pleasure all ! "w t z a me*anism x is capable (2 ^: intellect is cle>1 ) all its p>ts ( equal /r5g? & 9 smoo? work+ ord]2 ^: m9d is /or$ ) a k ( ! great & fundam5tal tru?s ( ,nature & ( ! laws ( h] op]ations2 "o :o--no /unt$ ascetic--is full ( life & fire1 b ^: passions are tra9$ to come to heel by a vigor\s w1 ! s]vant ( a t5d] consci5ce2 :o has le>nt to love all beauty1 to hate all vil5ess1 & to respect o!rs z himself4 ,su* an "o & no o!r has _h a lib]al education1 = he is z completely z man c be 9 h>mony ) nature40 7,an ,address at ,s\? ,london ,work+ ,m5's ,college1 ,janu>y1 #ahfi47 ,*ildhood is *>act]iz$ by s5sational activity4 ,! reflective & reason+ p[]s lie comp>atively dormant4 ,mobile s5sibility is ! di/+ui%+ feature ( *ildhood1 & p>5ts & tea*]s tak+ advantage ( ! law ( nature :]eby pleasurable s5sation /imulates gr[? %\ld tra9 *ildr5 /ep by /ep to ! enjoym5t ( useful activities1 to physical & manual dext]ity2 to simple ef=ts 9 pursuit ( k2 to infantile firmness 9 dis*>ge ( duty2 to uncon/ra9$ dignity 9 def5ce ( ! "r1 & sympa!tic jeal\sy ov] ! rights ( o!rs2 to g5tl5ess t[>ds all mank9d2 to admiration ( all t is noble 9 "*1 to v5]ation ( age1 exp]i5ce & virtue2 & to ! love ( tru? & ju/ice & p]sonal devotion to bo?4 ,^! are ! qualities ( human nature t make = real civilization2 & fur!r progress requires _! /eady developm5t 9 ! race4 ,n[1 ^! qualities _c be evok$ by s*ool me?ods nor ev5 by ! easy viv voce conv]sational in/ruction propos$ by ,pr(essor ,?ompson4 ,an indisp5sable factor 9 ! process is a ri*1 full1 dome/ic environm5t1 an atmosph]e suffus$ ) affection & vibrat+ ) v>i$ activities--a home-life1 9 %ort1 :]e ! delicate qualities ( noble "* w n be comm&$ to come =?1 b w come ( !mselves ?r\gh ! play ( circum/ance1 i4e4 by ! action ( example & g5tle sympa!tic co-op]ation4 ,9 upp]-class h\ses1 ev5 :]e weal? & luxury ab\nd1 !re are none ( ! div]se & lib]al dome/ic surr\nd+s conducive to e>ly tra9+4 ,! fir/ ess5tial is t ! nurs]ies be fre$ f all physical1 m5tal & moral =ces t belong to a comp>atively primitive /age ( evolution4 ,nurses drawn f ! masses--h[ev] c>efully select$--are incompet5t by nurture = tra9+ infants 9 ! be/ way4 ,! au?ority !y h kn[n has be5 ar*aic1 & elem5ts ( b>b>ism h be5 ne> !m f babyhood1 :ile education z yet has done little to raise _! intellig5ce to ! plane ( civiliz$ ?\ght4 ,h5ce an ord9>y nurse1 ( k9dly & affectionate disposition1 may s]i\sly misdirect ! budd+ consci5ce ( a babe1 z ,i h %[n 9 my *apt]s on ,emotional ,life4 ,to wom5 ( great atta9m5ts & culture ! tra9+ ( infancy prop]ly belongs1 & t tra9+ 9 ! homes ( ! classes w be ( ! highe/ value to ! ,/ate4 ,! problem ( h[ to create 9 *ildhood a ready ob$i5ce to au?ority )\t j>r+ ! n]ves1 or *eck+ fre$om unnecess>ily1 is a v difficult "o4 ,x requires a cultur$ intellig5ce to grasp ! problem & c>ry out ! true me?od ( its solution4 ,! aim 9 ! tra9+ ( infancy is to develop sup]ior types ( m5 & wom5 by evok+ ! high] qualities ( human nature 9 a sph]e ( comp>ative lib]ty4 ,a babe 9 ! nurs]y1 let u say1 has _h 8 att5tion caught by ! flames leap+ up 9 ! well-gu>d$ grate4 ,he creeps t[>ds !m & pu%es 8 f+]s ?r\gh ! wires ( ! gu>d4 ,! educat$ nurse g5tly lifts him to a safe di/ance1 b he />ts creep+ aga9 to ! fire4 ,n[ !re are 9 ! nurs]y "s baskets ( diff]5t size & dep?1 all s(tly l9$ & weight$4 ,baby is put into "o ( ^! to amuse himself ) a toy until ! fasc9at+ flames are =gott54 ,an old] *ild fl+s h] ball 9 ano!r *ild's face4 ,nurse tells h] ! ball might hurt1 b on p]si/5ce 9 ! selfi% amusem5t %e1 too1 is firmly plac$ 9 a l>g] basket or nurs]y prison1 & mu/ /ay !re till ! impulse to be disob$i5t has pass$ (f2 = ! pr9ciple :i* guides nurse 9 ! tra9+ ( ^! infants is ?is3 lib]ty abus$ mu/ be abridg$4 ,aft] a few su* exp]i5ces ! little ones feel t a network is ar\nd !m--a network ( au?ority nev] physically pa9ful & t has no connection ) ang]4 ,z ! reason+ p[]s develop !y feel t lib]ty is !irs 9 ! /raight c\rse ( ob$i5ce to au?ority1 & lat] !y f9d t ?is au?ority repres5ts a k ( ! laws ( nature1 = :5 9 g>d5 & field !y jo9 9 ! nature-/udy lessons1 !y discov] t if plants creep into unfav\rable conditions1 !y langui%2 if animals run c\nt] to laws ( heal?1 !y suff] & die4 ,f nurs]y to home-tra9+ ! infants pass =w>d4 ,_! n]ves h nev] be5 irritat$ by h>%ness1 nor _! affections repress$1 & _! impulses to unhurtful activities are ( normal /r5g?4 ,9 ! m advanc$ tra9+ n[ giv51 ! aim is no long] to impress automatically1 b rationally to guide ! gr[+ intellig5ce4 ,bl9d ob$i5ce is n requir$1 b e comm& is expla9$ & relat$ to ! facts ( happy & heal?ful life4 ,at ?is po9t a discrim9at+ judgm5t is pr(\ndly necess>y1 & ! *ild %\ld be /udi$ individually1 = to ea* !re comes ! "r mom5t :5 self-rule is possible1 & unless outw>d re/ra9ts are wisely )drawn t p[] ( self-rule may be injur$4 ,! human types to be desir$ are n slavi%1 b indep5d5t be+s1 capable ( noble s]vice to ,god & man2 & *oos+ to d "r because !y "k true happ9ess lies t way4 ,at sixte5 or upw>ds ! "y ?us tra9$ may safely leave home = high s*ool or univ]sity1 9 pursuit ( ! special in/ruction requir$ = _! future c>e]4 ,an education t has laid ! f\ndation ( noble "*1 comes to no abrupt conclusion4 ,! love ( tru? :5 firmly implant$ prompts to ! acquisition ( new k1 & k is b\ndless z ! univ]se4 ,fields ( sci5ce become ! happy hunt+-gr\nd ( m9ds t are m>k$ly intellectual1 & al?\gh self-culture sup]s$es =mal in/ruction1 & orig9al rese>* sup]s$es ! foll[+ ( au?ority1 education moves cont9u\sly & /eadily =w>d4 8,! environm5t10 says ,clif=d ,h>rison1 8t lies op5 to m5 rationally develop$ is z va/ z ! ideal t lies be=e !m4 ,?is environm5t is n a spiritual matt] m]ely2 n ( ! s\l alone1 b ( body1 m9d1 s\l & _s2 n ( heav5 only1 b ( e>? z well2 n ( et]nity & a beyond1 b ( "t & "h40 ,,"p ,,vi ,,conditions ,,9 ,,aid ,,( ,,happy ,,life ,,9 ,a ,,develop+ ,,civilization ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,ne$s ,,( ,,adolesc5ce ,! woman's cause is man's3 !y rise or s9k ,toge!r1 dw>f'd1 or godlike1 bond or free3 ,if %e be small1 slight-natur$1 mis]able1 ,h[ %all m5 gr[8 --,,t5nyson4 ,adolesc5ce is a critical p]iod 9 ! life ( an individual4 ,at t p]iod1 "*1 speak+ g5]ally1 fully manife/s1 & ! life is decid$ = good or evil4 ,:at advanc$ e?ics requires is t ea* adult g5]ation %\ld delib]ately exam9e its inh]itance f ! previ\s1 less consci\s1 less in=m$ epo*1 9 ord] to detect & de/roy e social sn>e t entangles unw>y feet 9 adolesc5ce2 & to devise ! be/ me?ods ( br++ to ! "y ! wisdom & sympa?y ( _! s5iors4 ,9 ! autobiography ( ! late ,an?ony ,trollope 7vol4 #a1 p4 #fi71 "s facts ( 8 own adolesc5ce are /at$ 9 a _s z g5]\s z x is c&id4 ,8 fate1 l t ( ?\s&s ( "y m5 9 8 day1 & 9 ! pres5t day1 0 to live at t critical "t 9 a t[n1 surr\nd$ by all ! attractions t a ke5 competitive comm]cialism has creat$ to supplem5t pr(its--?\gh at ! exp5se ( "y m5's money & morals--& ) no private retreat save a solit>y lodg+1 a %elt]1 b 9 no s5se a home4 8,no allurem5t to dec5t respectability10 he says1 8came 9 my way40 ,= ! sp5d+ ( 8 ev5+s1 ! *oice lay betwe5 :at he calls 8que/ionable resorts0 & sitt+ alone read+ or dr9k+ tea4 8,!re 0 no h\se 9 :i* ,i c\ld habitually see a lady's face & he> a lady's voice1 & 9 ^! circum/ances ! temptations ( loose life w almo/ c]ta9ly prevail ) a "y man2 at any rate !y prevail$ ) me40#i ,simil> evid5ce may be f\nd 9 a reali/ic1 p[]ful novel1 ,jude ! ,obscure4 ,mr4 ,?omas ,h>dy !re depicts ! trag$y ( unfulfill$ aims1 ! %ipwreck ( :at might h be5 a noble life2 & ! cause ( %ipwreck is po9t$ out 9 ! words ( ! dy+ ,jude3 8,my impulses & affections 7 too /rong 444 a man )\t advantages %\ld be z cold-blood$ z a fi% & z selfi% z a pig to h a really good *ance ( be+ "o ( 8 c\ntry's wor?ies40 ,n[1 affection & ! impulse to love purely c nev] be too /rong = ! int]e/s ( g5]al evolution1 !re=e we are entitl$ to assume t ! environm5t is at fault4 ,! fact t ?\s&s ( "y m5 depriv$ ( heal?y home-life succumb to ! temptations ( city-life1 condemns our indu/rial competition4 ,public consci\sness has n grasp$ ! ne$s & dang]s ( adolesc5ce1 & ! sl[ly evolv+ community-consci5ce disreg>ds ! t]rible p5alty paid 9 g5]al degradation = reta9+ a sy/em ( indu/ry t produces among o!r evils 8que/ionable resorts :]e "y m5 see life 9 false1 delusive col\rs40 ,^! & all o!r injuri\s outcomes ( our tragic /ruggle = ! necess>ies & am5ities ( life1 w p]si/ until ! individuali/ic sy/em ( indu/ry disappe>s1 i4e4 is sup]s$$ by a rational collectivi/ sy/em4 ,/&+ z we d on ! v]ge ( consci\s evolution1 t "t is n yet1 b some?+ may be done by p>5ts & gu>dians ( y\? to c\nt]act ! evils ( a transitional epo*4 ,footnote #i3 ,m rec5tly /ill ! _w has be5 af=d$ a glance into ! inn] hi/ory ( a life de/9$ to noble uses & high a*ievem5ts4 ,9 ! m]idian ( 8 fame ,pr(essor ,huxley wrote ?us to ,*>les ,k+sley3 8,kick$ into ! _w a boy )\t guide or tra9+1 or ) worse ?an none1 ,i confess to my %ame t few m5 h drunk deep] ( all k9ds ( s9 ?an ,i4 ,happily my c\rse 0 arre/$ 9 "t--be=e ,i _h e>n$ absolute de/ruction--& = long ye>s ,i h be5 sl[ly & pa9fully climb+1 ) _m a fall1 t[>ds bett] ?+s40--,life ( ,pr(essor ,huxley1 vol4 #a1 p4 #bbj4 ,progress 9 an evolv+ society l>gely dep5ds ^u true union1 i4e4 m5tal1 emotional & spiritual union ( ! sexes4 ,b a c>eful exam9ation ( ! prom95t movem5ts 9 society1 & especially ! v>i\s divisions ( ! woman's emancipation movem5t1 reveals t all are defective ?r\gh inatt5tion to ?is fundam5tal ne$4 ,!y d n aim at social conditions 9 :i* solid>ity ( he>t & s\l w naturally ensue4 ,! woman movem5t is ! issue 9 great measure ( p5t-up =ces ( y\? 9 ! female sex ( ! upp] classes4 ,x is less ! revolt ( lab\r aga9/ pov]ty1 inju/ice1 & ov]tax$ /r5g?1 ?an a revolt f en=c$ idl5ess on ! "p ( ! victims ( weal?4 ,! position is graphically put be=e u by ! late ,*>les ,reade 9 8 amus+ tale ,! ,woman ,hat]4 ,fanny ,dov]1 a common en\gh type ( upp]-class fem99ity1 appe>s to ! woman-hat] a m]e %all[-m9d$1 selfi% coquette1 till sudd5ly at an unexpect$ em]g5cy %e assumes new & v diff]5t col\rs4 8,h[ is ?is80 he exclaims4 8,y 7 always a bright girl & no fool1 b n exactly :at humdrum p call good 444 y are n (f5d$80 8,! idea10 says ,fanny1 8:y ,i h publicly d5\nc$ goodness aga9 & aga940 8,yes1 & yet y turn out z good z gold6444 ,i h wat*$ y2 y are all ov] ! h\se to s]ve two suff]+ wom54 ,y are cook1 h\semaid1 nurse & fri5d to bo? ( !m4 ,9 an int]val ( y\r "t s cr$itably employ$ y *e] me up ) y\r bright little face & give me wise advice6 ,expla9 ! ph5om5on40 8,my de> ,h>r+ton1 if y _c read s %all[ a "* z ,i am1 h[ w y get on ) ^? ladies up/airs 444 b !re1 ,i w h pity on y4 ,y %all und]/& "o woman be=e y die 444 give me a cig>ette4444 ,:at wom5 love & c't d )\t if !y are "y & spirit$1 is excitem5t4 ,i am "o :o p9es = x4 ,society is s con/ruct$ t to get excitem5t y mu/ be naughty4 ,waltz+ 444 flirt+1 etc41 are excitem5t1 444 d9+ en famille1 go+ to b$ at t51 etc41 are /agnation2 good girls mean /agnant girls2 ,i hate & despise ^! tame little wret*es2 ,i nev] 0 "o & nev] w be4 ,b look "h1 we h two ladies 9 love ) "o villa9--t is excit+4 ,"o gets ne>ly kill$ 9 ! h\se--t is glori\sly excit+2 ! o!r is brok5-he>t$4 ,if ,i 7 to be a bad girl & say3 #8,x is n my bus9ess2 ,i w leave !m to !mselves & g my little mill-r\nd ( selfi%ness z be=e1 :y :at a fool ,i mu/ be6 ,i %\ld lose excitem5t4 ,in/ead ( t ,i run & get ?+s = ! ,klosk+--excitem5t4 ,i cook = h] & nurse h] & sit up half ! night--excitem5t4 ,!n ,i run to ,zoe & d my be/ = h] or get snubb$--excitem5t4 ,!n ,i sit at ! head ( y\r table & ord] y--excitem5t4 ,oh6 x is lovely4' #8,%all y be sorry :5 !y bo? get well & r\t9e re-comm5ces8' ,( c\rse ,i %all2 t is ! sort ( good girl ,i am40 ,?is y\?ful exub]ance or re/lessness is fav\rable to social advance1 & ! woman movem5t has accompli%$ good s]vice 9 claim+ & turn+ x to useful acc\nt4 ,b "h1 z 9 all p>tial re=ms1 new evils dog ! foot/eps ( ! new good effect$4 ,to-day we h num]\s city work]s ( ! female z well z ! male sex1 compell$ by ! exig5cies ( _! lab\r to live f> ap>t f _! ne>e/ & de>e/1 9 solit>y lodg+s l ,an?ony ,trollope1 or at be/ 9 ! make-believe homes limit$ to inmates ( "o sex4 ,i d n inf] t ^! girls fall "u any special temptations to lic5ce1 b1 depriv$ z !y are ( ! imm$iate influ5ces ( e>ly associations & ! subtle t5d]nesses ( home-life1 ,i hold x impossible t _! emotional human nature %\ld n suff] loss4 ,_! ne$ = ! happy & useful ex]cise ( activities :i* 7 runn+ into mis*iev\s c\rses1 is satisfactorily met1 b at ! exp5se ( dome/ic traits1 & ^! are precisely :at lie at ! root ( human fell[%ip--t union ( he>t & s\l :i* is indisp5sable to true progress4 ,"s social re=m]s reg>d ! high] education ( wom5 movem5t z a pot5t factor 9 unit+ m5 & wom5 ?r\gh ! mutual int]e/s ( cultur$ ?\ght4 ,a k1 h[ev]1 ( ,greek1 ,lat91 ! classics1 etc41 accompli%es little s long z ! sexes are n educat$ toge!r1 & ?is =m ( culture has no direct be>+ on elevation ( "* & developm5t ( ! emotional side ( human nature4 ,cricket1 golf1 & all our fa%ionable out-door sports h done m1 9 creat+ mutual int]e/s & fur!r+ progress by secur+ = girls great] social fre$om ?an 0 previ\sly !irs1 & ,mr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,mass+ham spoke truly :5 he said3 8,no special complications h foll[$ 9 any m>k$ degree ! va/ ext5sion t has tak5 place 9 ! field ( girls' free companion%ip ) m54 ,yet :at w\ld our fa!rs h ?\ght ( x80#aj ,b sports are = ! h\rs ( leisure1 & ample leisure belongs only to ! idle or to a m9or section ( female work]s4 ,mean:ile we h ?\s&s ( "y wom51 ( diff]5t calibre to ,fanny ,dov]1 ^: noble/ attribute1 viz4 _! innate capacity = all ! f9] vibrations ( social feel+1 is nev] call$ into play4 ,footnote #aj3 ,e?ical ,_w1 ,june1 #aijj4 ,amid all ! kaleidoscopic sc5es ( our transition p]iod1 a new figure ( womanhood has und\bt$ly appe>$--a type n *>act]iz$ by frivolity or love ( excitem5t1 b by /r5u\sness1 s9c]ity1 ref9em5t1 moral c\rage1 a w-=ce 9 %ort1 t break+ ?r\gh selfi% limitations seeks nobl] sph]es ( action4 ,?is w-=ce is subject to con/ant recoil4 ,x is ?r[n back on itself by adv]se conditions ( society1 ( indu/ry1 ( private individual life4 ,9 ,jude ! ,obscure ?is new type ( woman is skilfully sket*$4 ,susan ,bridehead is a creature ( high aspiration1 ri* inw>d res\rces & manifold imp]fections4 ,%e has foibles & fem99e vanities1 b ! human nature is ess5tially l>ge-m9d$1 g5]\s1 tru?ful4 8,i did n flirt10 %e says to ,jude1 8b a crav+ to attract & captivate1 reg>dless ( ! injury x might d1 0 9 me 444 my lik+ = y is n z "s wom5's p]haps1 b x is a delight 9 be+ ) y ( a supremely delicate k9d 444 ,i did want & long to ennoble "s man to high aims40 ,"h we h love transf]r$ f ! l[] rea*es ( pure s5sation to a high] level ( t5d] s5tim5t1 & en]giz$ f ! intellectual plane4 ,?is d5otes a sl[ evolution ( ages dur+ :i* all ! grossness1 i4e4 ! co>s] vibrations ( primitive love1 are transmut$ into ! f9] vibrations ( sympa!tic1 altrui/ic feel+4 ,x is important to see cle>ly ! di/9ction betwe5 primitive & mod]n love1 9 ord] t no confusion may arise 9 contemplat+ ! ideal social life t sci5tific meliorism =eca/s4 ,! intr9sic quality ( primitive love is illu/rat$ 9 ,mrs4 ,bi%op's description ( h] fav\rite horse's atta*m5t4 8,i am to him an embodim5t ( melons1 cucumb]s1 grapes1 pe>s1 pea*es1 biscuits & sug>1 ) a good deal ( pett+ & e>-rubb+ ?r[n 960 ,human atta*m5ts bas$ on ^! pleasurable s5sations or simple animal appetites & passions1 =m ! ma9 sold]+ +r$i5ts 9 humanity's mass2 b love's developm5t has m>*$ concurr5tly ) true civilization1 & to m5 & wom5 9 ! van ( civilization "o *ief cause ( mis]y to-day is repression ( ! normal1 heal?y impulse to pure & unselfi% love4 ,unselfi%ness is ! di/+ui%+ feature ( high] =ms ( love1 & an unselfi%ness t _h its orig9 n 9 conjugal union b 9 mo!rhood4 ,mr4 ,f9ck1 9 8 /udy ( love's evolution1 puts x ?us3 8,! helpless infant c\ld n survive )\t a "m's self-sacrific+ c>e1 h5ce !re 0 an important use = womanly sympa?y :i* caus$ x to survive & gr[ :ile man imm]s$ 9 w>s & /ruggles rema9$ h>d ( he>t & knew n t5d]ness4444 ,selfi%ness 9 a man is p]haps less (f5sive because competition & ! /ruggle = exi/5ce necess>ily fo/] x40 7,h5ry ,f9ck's ,primitive ,love1 pp4 #afj-afa47 ,! social ne$ = a specializ$ unselfi%ness has t5d$ to diff]5tiate ! sexes emotionally1 & 9 process ( build+ up ! entire /ructure ( social life ! pressure ( outw>d =ces has c>ri$ ?is diff]5tiation fur!r4 ,i am n !n trav]s+ ! natural laws ( evolution :5 ,i assume t all que/ions relat+ to wom5 are at ?is date pre-em95tly important4 ,! population problem1 z ,i h %[n1 c only be solv$ ?r\gh a dim9ution ( ! bir?-rate1 & ?r\gh\t ! ,briti% nation ! family gr\p is break+ up4 ,x is dis9tegrat+ especially 9 ! upp] & middle classes4 ,! movem5t t[>ds indu/rial socialism is ! outcome ( mascul9e ?\ght & en]gy4 ,man is its ma9spr+1 al?\gh _m ?\ghtful wom5 take "p 9 x4 ,conv]sely1 ! h\se-rul]1 woman1 mu/ be ! ma9spr+ ( a movem5t t[>ds dome/ic socialism1 al?\gh no success w accrue )\t ! /eadfa/ aid & co-op]ation ( man4 ,t "s wom5 are already fitt$ to beg9 ?is great "w is evid5t f mu* ( our female public s]vice4 ,let me quote "s words rec5tly spok5 ( lady-work]s by a male critic1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,mass+ham3 8,!y h moral c\rage & ref9em5t4 ,!y d n tire m easily ?an m52 !y d n %irk ! detail "w2 !y take to drudg]y40 ,pione]s ( ! new movem5t mu/ be religi\s 9 ! be/ s5se1 i4e4 _! philosophy mu/ br+ into t\* ! worlds se5 & unse51 inspir+ action conducive to p]sonal & univ]sal happ9ess4 ,! task be=e !m is ( d\ble int5t1 viz4 ( imm$iate utility & ( f>-rea*+ b5efit4 ,x w attract inf]ior natures z well z ! sup]ior1 = a well-organiz$ mod]n home w pres5t m conv5i5ce1 com=ts & embelli%m5ts ?an ! family homes ( ! pa/ or pres5t1 & at small] exp5se4 ,h]e9 a c]ta9 dang] lurks4 ,pione]s w h to gu>d aga9/ dropp+ out ( ! ent]prise its supreme purpose & ma9 evolutional value1 viz4 ! rais+ humanity on to high] levels ( happ9ess4 ,!re is no o!r policy to ?is end ?an t ( dome/ically unit+ ! sexes f infancy1 9 ord] t 9 ! ideali/ic p]iod ( adolesc5ce s\l may meet s\l ) fe>less unres]ve & "y m5 & wom5 realize by exp]i5ce t 9 ! pure realms ( ?\ght & feel+ ! close/ union is possible4 ,x is ?is union manife/+ 9 dual sympa?y t w become ! lib]at+ =ce ( ! _w1 & 9 x & ?r\gh x woman's emancipation w be complete4 ,woman is n undevelopt man ,b div]se 444 ,yet 9 ! long ye>s lik] mu/ !y gr[2 ,! man be m ( woman1 %e ( man2 ,he ga9 9 sweetness & 9 moral height1 ,%e m5tal bread?1 nor fail 9 *ild-w>d c>e ,till at ! la/ %e set h]self to man1 ,l p]fect music unto noble words2 ,& s ^! twa9 ^u ! skirts ( "t1 ,sit side by side 444 ,disp5s+ h>ve/1 s[+ ! ,to-be1 ,self-rev]5t ea* & rev]5c+ ea* ,di/9ct 9 individualities1 ,b l ea* o!r ev'n z ^? :o love4 ,!n comes ! /ateli] ,ed5 back to m52 ,!n spr+s ! cr[n+ race ( humank9d1 ,may ^! ?+s be6 ,! ,pr9cess4--,,t5nyson4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,dome/ic ,,re=m ,! animat+ spr+ ( all improvem5t 9 individuals & 9 societies is n ! k ( ! actual b ! conception ( ! possible4--,h4 ,,m>t9eau4 ,h[ %all ! new era be inaugurat$8 ,by ceas+ to /rive = self & family2 by ?9k+ ( bo? only z in/rum5ts ( ! common weal4--,,pr(4 ,a4 ,w4 ,,bick]ton4 ,! model family home ( ! ,briti% middle class half a c5tury ago compris$ a fa!r & "m ( s\nd con/itution & dome/ic habits ) a gr\p ( *ildr5 ( bo? sexes--a gr\p l>ge en\gh to supply companion%ip to "o ano!r1 & a family income suffici5t = com=table ma9t5ance & recreation1 occasional travel & ! free ex]cise ( hospitality4 ,if homes ( ?is type 7 widely & firmly e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! l& !y might be compet5t to bre$1 nurture & s5d =? into ! _w a good av]age mat]ial ( human life = repair+ wa/e & build+ up ! ,briti% nation4 ,b 9 ! pres5t epo* su* homes are exce$+ly r>e1 & ! tr5d ( social =ces & mod]n ideas alike make = _! becom+ /ill r>]4 ,to speak only ( ! m obvi\s factors ( *ange1 ,/ate action 9 ref]5ce to ! education ( ! "y lifts *ildr5 ( ! masses at almo/ an infantile age out ( ! effective control ( family life1 & 9 our c5tres ( national indu/ry economic =ces br+ ab\t a ha/y pair+ & bre$+1 ) an abrupt scatt]+ ( ! brood t resembles ! ne/+ ( birds r ?an ! home-mak+ ( rational be+s2 :ile s immature are ! heads ( ^! evanesc5t family homes t ! break-up is by no means an unmitigat$ evil4 ,among ! classes1 =ces ( a high]1 m p5etrative ord] are work+ simil>ly4 ,prud5ce is act+ t[>ds ! re/ra9t ( population 9 a mann] t n>r[s ! basis ( family gr\ps & %ort5s ! natural t]m ( _! exi/5ce2 & "u a new impulse ( "r reason & high resolve ! educat$ section ( ! female sex is delib]ately =sak+ ! dome/ic he>? to %>e ! _w's lab\r ) man4 ,^! concurr5t movem5ts 9 society are de/roy+ family life on ! old l9es1 & by ! homes ( ! pres5t1 individual ne$s are met only tempor>ily & provisionally4 ,"o conspicu\s result is an ev]-increas+ discom=t to ! ag$4 ,!y are /r&$ 9 homes become empty1 or w&] abroad seek+ t\* ) _! k9d4 ,di/9ctly are !y %unt$ (f ! rails ( busy life be=e a l[]$ vitality prompts to in]tia4 ,! ,briti% 8,phili/9e0 lacks s5tim5t4 ,old age makes no special appeal to him1 & he is cont5t to be/[ on relatives no long] "y a brief mom5t ( 8 preci\s "t1 a fragm5t ( 8 t5d]ness4 ,at an e>li] /age ( our social evolution ! mature 9 ye>s 7 c5tres ( a ri*1 full1 dome/ic life1 & pivots on :i* turn$ ! wid] social life encircl+ x4 ,at ! pres5t /age ( t evolution ! "y & ! comp>atively "y focus & absorb ! :ole sun%9e ( life1 :ile ! gu>dians ( _! infancy pass into decl9+ ye>s envelop$ 9 gloom4 ,?is premature effacem5t entails on society a d\ble loss--fir/1 ! loss int]iorly ( t individual happ9ess :i* int5sifies & raises ! tide ( life2 second1 ! loss ( activities guid$ by & bas$ ^u mell[ exp]i5ce4 ,society is too mat]iali/ic to recognize t human be+s physically on ! d[n-grade may be psy*ically on ! up-grade1 & pre-em95tly fitt$ to inspire & promote progress4 ,b 9 ?9k+ ( lat5t possibilities realizable 9 a bett] environm5t we are b\nd n to judge by av]age humanity1 b by ! sup]ior types ( ! prec$+ g5]ation4 ,! old age ( ,w4 ,e4 ,glad/one1 ,h>riet ,m>t9eau1 ,m>y ,som]ville1 & o!rs 0 nei!r gloomy nor unproductive4 ,! la/-m5tion$ at ! age ( eighty-"o turn$ h] att5tion to writ+ a book on microscopic sci5ce4 8,i seem$10 %e says1 8to resume ! p]sev]ance & en]gy ( my y\?4 ,i began x ) c\rage1 ?\gh ,i did n ?9k ,i c\ld live to f9i% x40 ,%e did1 h[ev]1 f9i% x1 & liv$ to ! age ( n9ety-two1 ma9ta9+ at all times h] habits ( /udy & a full social int]c\rse ) _m fri5ds4 7,f ,p]sonal ,recollections1 by h] ,daught]47 ,x is n intellectual p[]s only t are runn+ to wa/e4 ,"u ! d\ble pressure ( competition 9 trade & competition 9 ! lab\r m>ket1 good manual work]s are f\nd ineffective & dismiss$ at an e>li] age ?an =m]ly4 ,an imm5se mass ( our indu/rial population is =c$ by circum/ance into ! workh\se :5 /ill comp>atively active1 & life !re is b a gloomy vacant exi/5ce--a complete suppression ( ! be/ faculties ( body & m9d4 ,comp>+ ! pa/ ) ! pres5t 9 respect ( ! old age ( work]s1 we are told by ,pr(essor ,?orold ,rodg]s t village homes 7 c5tres ( multif>i\s occupations1 9 :i* naturally ! ag$1 if able1 w\ld take "p4 ,& 9 t[ns1 al?\gh /reets 7 n>r[1 at ! re> ( ! h\ses !re 7 g>d5s :]e old & "y toge!r sp5t ! long summ] ev5+s4 8,n long ago10 says ! ,am]ican ,social ,sci5ce ,committee ,report ( #ahgh1 8! f>m f\nd con/ant employm5t = ! m5 ( ! family--! wom5 _h abundant employm5t 9 ! home1 !re 0 c>d+1 sp9n+1 weav+40 8,& ! nev]5d+ lab\r ( our gr&mo!rs mu/ n be =gott51 :o ) nimble ne$le knit our /ock+s & mitt5s4 ,! knitt+-ne$le 0 9 z con/ant play z _! tongues1 ^: music only ceas$ "u ! p[] ( sleep4444 ,n[ no m does ! knitt+-ne$le keep "t to ! music ( _! tongues1 = ! knitt+-ma*9e 9 ! h&s ( "o little girl w d m "w ?an fifty gr&mo!rs4 ,lab\r-sav+ ma*9]y has brok5 up & de/roy$ our :ole sy/em ( h\sehold & family manufacture1 :5 all took "p 9 ! lab\r & %>$ 9 ! product to ! com=t ( all40 ,! sy/em t has sup]s$$ t ( 8h\sehold & family manufacture0 has be5 adv]se to ! ag$ f ! fir/1 & neglect ( old age has become a wrong-do+ t eats l a cank] into our social life4 ,z ,pr(essor ,bick]ton well rem>ks3 8,unhapp9ess is ! disease ( social life1 & mis]y is an indication t !re is some?+ wrong ) our social sy/em4 ,j z x is unreasonable to expect bodily heal? "u insanit>y conditions1 s we _c look = social concord & joy unless mank9d be plac$ 9 circum/ances t suit 8 social nature4 ,man has be5 consid]$ too exclusively z a produc+ ma*9e ) subsidi>y m5tal capacity1 :]eas he is ess5tially a moral be+ ) deep emotions & univ]sal sympa?ies4 ,! cure = ! uncleanl9ess ( society is n difficult4 ,! plans = ! edifice ( human life are obta9able4 ,:at are ! plans8 ,^? laws ( nature :i* are conc]n$ 9 ! developm5t ( mank9d4 ,:at is ! cure8 ,su* und]/&+ ( ! pr9ciples ( evolution & su* consonant action z %all re/ore to ! race an environm5t befitt+ its humanity40 7,! ,romance ( ! ,e>?47 ,nev]!less1 we _c return to a sy/em ( h\sehold & family manufacture4 ,to rel9qui% me*anical aids to production w\ld be contr>y to1 n consonant )1 evolution4 ,a civiliz$ race outgr[s its primitive conditions ( life & indu/ry--new w9e mu/ be put into new bottles4 ,! imm$iate /ep ( advance z reg>ds manual lab\r is ?is--9 our c5tres ( local adm9i/ration !re %\ld be organiz$ municipal employm5t ) %ort5$ h\rs = eld]ly p1 ! wage to be supplem5t$ by p5sions ample en\gh to secure = ^! work]s an hon\rable social /&+ in/ead ( a paup]'s dole4 ,b a clos] adaptation to humanity's ne$s may be quickly a*iev$ by ! classes :]e pov]ty plays a less "p 9 ! social ph5om5a4 ,( pres5t conditions ,mr4 ,escott1 9 8 ,engl&1 its ,p1 ,polity & ,pursuits1 ?us speaks3 8,! nation is only an aggregate ( h\seholds4 ,mod]n society is possess$ by a nomadic _s :i* is ! sure de/roy] ( home ties4 ,! ,engli% ari/ocracy flit f mansion to mansion dur+ ! c\ntry-h\se season2 !y "k no peace dur+ ! ,london season4 ,exi/5ce = ! weal?y is "o un5d+ :irl ( excitem5t1 admitt+ small opportunity = ! cultivation ( ! dome/ic affections4 ,! claims ( society h cont9ually acquir$ prec$5ce ( ! duties ( home40 ,9 ! middle class1 h[ev]1 w$g$ 9 betwe5 ! ri* & ! poor1 ! greate/ factor ( *ange is ! s]vant difficulty1 & ?is difficulty we mu/ glance at 9 its causal relations4 ,civiliz$ communities divide broadly into two p>ts--productive units ^: lab\r supplies :at is ne$ful = exi/5ce1 & unproductive units ^: exi/5ce dep5ds on ! lab\r ( o!rs4 ,! latt] h be5 correctly t]m$ 8p>asites40 ,m4 ,jean ,mass>t expla9s 9 8 sci5tific scrut9y ( social ph5om5a1#aa t dur+ ! p]iod ( our indu/rial developm5t a =ce ( integration has gradually /r5g!n$ ! ma9 body ( ! social organism1 giv+ x p[] to resi/ 9 "s degree ! burd5 ( p>asitism4 ,consequ5tly arbitr>y au?ority & slavi% subs]vi5cy h abat$1 & two movem5ts affect+ family life 9 ! middle class are disc]nible--fir/1 !re is an increas+ revolt f dome/ic s]vice z a =m ( lab\r directly oppos$ to ! _s ( indep5d5ce t is gr[+ 9 work]s & to ! =ce ( integration :i* by rang+ !m %\ld] to %\ld] is prep>+ !m = a new =m ( indu/rial life2 second1 sons ( ! ari/ocracy & daught]s ( ! middle class are jo9+ ! ranks ( produc]s ) "s s5se ( ! dignity ( lab\r & ! degradation ( a purely p>asitic exi/5ce4 ,social p>asitism is n organic4 ,x is an extrane\s condition induc$ 9 a society develop+ its civilization4 ,no man is necess>ily a p>asite2 he acquires ! "* 9 ! c\rse ( 8 life hi/ory1 & happily ! "y are refus+ to acquire x4 ,footnote #aa3 ,p>asitism1 ,organic & ,social1 p4 #aba4 ,obs]ve1 !n1 x is n 9 "o or two sections ( our community life1 b 9 all sections t div]se causes are produc+ "o uni=m result--! break-up ( ! family home2 & beh9d all ! m sup]ficial causes !re is work+ a pr(\nd factor ( *ange 9 ! c5tripetal or con/ructive & ! c5trifugal or de/ructive =ces ( nature4 ,:il/ ! latt] de/roys old =ms1 ! =m] prep>es = ! new =m--prep>es1 n only by an integration ( work]s1 b by a fre% inspiration ( love & desire = "w4 ,h5ce wom5 & m5 end[$ ) reason1 k & practical skill may br+ ! life ( _! own imm$iate circle into express & positive l9e ) ?is con/ructive1 pr(\ndly evolutional1 movem5t4 ,dome/ic re=m implies ! rel9qui%m5t ( t :ole sy/em ( h\sehold lab\r t requires ! comb9ation ( a subject ) a p>asitic class4 ,co-op]ation among equals takes ! place ( ma/]ful au?ority & slavi% subjection1 & heavy lab\r w be reliev$ by sci5tific appliance4 ,lab\r-sav+ contrivances 9 family homes h>dly exi/4 ,!re has be5 little spur to inv5tion on ^! l9es4 ,b1 z 9 indu/rial fields1 a sav+ ( money1 mat]ial & lab\r by ! use ( ma*9]y has foll[$ ! introduction ( organiz$ co-op]ation1 s1 d\btlessly1 a simil> process w foll[ ! gradual adoption ( organiz$ co-op]ation )9 ! home4 ,?is is n ! solution ( ! s]vant problem m]ely4 ,x has a f> wid] significance4 ,_m educat$ wom5 :o are n[ seek+ useful "w & economic indep5d5ce outside ( home-life w f9d ^! )9 ! dome/ic circle1 & fur!r w f9d t x is possible to comb9e su* necess>y conditions ( dignifi$ life ) fulfilm5t ( duty alike to ! ag$ & to ! "y4 ,pione]s :o aim at social solid>ity mu/ 9 practice recognize lab\r z ! indisp5sable basis ( social life & social in/itutions4 ,all me?ods ( wage-paym5t dep5d5t on indu/rial competition w be repudiat$ = a sy/em t ackn[l$ges e =m ( useful "w z entitl+ ! work] to f9ancial indep5d5ce2 & 9 ! emotional sph]e1 ) its possibilities ( inn] union & solid>ity1 :o c measure ! impetus t[>ds ! desir$ goal t w be giv5 by ! sett+ ( ! solit>y 9 families & ! re-ga!r+ ( ! old into ! bosom ( a ri*1 full1 dome/ic life4 ,let u suppose t f fifte5 to tw5ty gr\ps--!y may be families or gr\ps ( fri5ds--comb9e & pass out f _! num]\s sep>ate h\ses into "o l>ge commodi\s dwell+ built = !m or b\ght & adapt$ to _! purpose4 ,! b$rooms are furni%$ on ! cont95tal plan ) accommodation = writ+1 read+1 solit>y /udy1 or re/ by day1 & all ! late/ improvem5ts 9 light+1 heat+ & v5tilat+1 etc4 ,by ! rules ( ! h\se--except = clean+--no "o ent]s ^! rooms un9vit$ by ! inmate1 :o has !re at all times1 if wi%$1 p]fect privacy & ! mo/ ?or\gh p]sonal com=t4 ,two eat+ ap>tm5ts are plac$ contigu\s to ! kit*5s1 & by tak+ advantage ( e inv5tion to facilitate cook+ & s]v+1 ! lady-cooks & att5dants may place prep>$ food on ! table & sit d[n to p>take ( x ) _! fri5ds4 ,"o w+ ( ! h\se is set ap>t = nurs]ies & nurs]y tra9+1 ano!r = s*ool tea*+1 inclusive ( indoor k9d]g>t52 a music-room well-deaf5$ enables ! musical to practise _m in/rum5ts )\t j>r+ ! n]ves ( o!rs2 a playroom = ! "y & a recreation-room set ap>t = :i/ & *ess1 etc41 a billi>d room1 & if desir$1 a smok+ room2 a l>ge draw+-room :]e social enjoym5t is c>efully promot$ e ev5+1 a libr>y or sil5t room :]e no int]ruption to read+ is p]mitt$1 ^!1 & a few small b\doirs = int]c\rse ) special fri5ds =m ! *ief out] requirem5ts ( ! ideal collectivi/ home4 ,all ! details ( h\sehold managem5t may safely be left to pione]s ( ! new woman movem5t2 x belongs only to sci5tific meliorism to po9t out ! g5]al features & /ructure ( ! re=m$ dome/ic sy/em & to %[ its vitally important position 9 relation to any rational s*eme ( wide-rea*+ social re=m4 ,humanity z a :ole has to climb upw>d 9 ! scale ( be+ & to leave beh9d x ! individual or family selfi%ness alli$ ) animal passions t are purely anti-social2 x has fur!r to develop t self-respect t alli$ ) he>t-fell[%ip br+s 9 its tra9 all ! social virtues t di/+ui% ! man f ! brute4 ,g]ms ( t self-respect+ life are ) u ev5 n[1 b ! soil 9 :i* !y w spr+ up to vigor\s gr[? mu/ be creat$1 i4e4 br\ght toge!r by man himself4 ,! fitt+ ( "* to a new dome/ic sy/em %\ld n be difficult 9 ! case ( *ildr5 "u wise tra9+1 = x is z easy to acquire good habits 9 *ildhood z bad habits1 & ! :olesome atmosph]e ( a well-regulat$ sup]ior home w p[]fully & pa9lessly aid 9 %ap+ ! "y4 ,b = ! gr[n-up to alt] p]sonal habits1 & adapt ?\ght & feel+ to a new ord] ( e-day life1 ! task is n easy4 ,x may press heavily on ! ord9>y adult at ! initial /age ( ! movem5t4 ,happily t task may be r5d]$ easi] by mutual criticism k9dly & gravely ex]cis$4 ,! me?od 0 practis$ = upw>ds ( ?irty ye>s 9 ! ,oneida ,creek ,community ) a m>k$ success4 ,criticism1 says "o ( ! memb]s1 is a boon to ^? :o seek to live a high] life & only a bugbe> to ^? :o lack ambition to improve4 ,x 0 to ! community a bond ( love & an appeal to all t is noble/1 mo/ ref9$ & elevat$ 9 human nature2 x help$ a man out ( 8 selfi%ness 9 ! easie/1 mo/ k9dly way possible4 ,:]eas 9 ord9>y life ! int]f]5ce ( ! busybody1 ! tongue ( ! tale-be>]1 ! %aft ( ridicule1 ! v5om ( malice1 are unavoidable--9 ! ,community su* criticiz+ 0 almo/ unkn[n4 ,x 0 bad =m = anybody to speak compla9+ly ( anyone else1 because criticism 0 ! pr]ogative ( ! ,community1 & 0 in/itut$ to sup]s$e all evil-speak+ or back-bit+4 ,nor 0 x an occasion = direct fault-f9d+ m]ely4 ,^? criticiz+ 7 always glad to dilate on ! good qualities ( _! subject1 & to express _! love & appreciation ( :at !y saw to comm5d4 7,abel ,ea/on1 ,memb] ( ! ,oneida ,community47 ,ano!r memb]1 ,allan ,e/lake1 ?us speaks3 8,criticism 0 a b>ri] to ! approa* ( unwor?y p f )\t1 & equally a b> to ! developm5t ( evil influ5ces )940 ,! practice 0 n orig9al4 ,mr4 ,noyes f\nd x e/abli%$ 9 a select society ( mission>ies he _h jo9$ previ\s to 8 =m+ ! ,oneida ,community4 ,"o ( ! weekly ex]cises ( ?is society1 he tells u1 0 a frank criticism ( ea* o!r's "* = ! purpose ( improvem5t4 ,! mode ( proce$+ 0 ?is3 ,at ea* meet+ ! memb] ^: turn x 01 accord+ to alphabetic ord]1 to submit to criticism1 held 8 peace :ile ! o!rs "o by "o told him 8 faults4 ,?is ex]cise sometimes crucifi$ self-complac5cy1 b x 0 contr>y to ! rules ( society = any "o to compla94 ,i f\nd mu* b5efit 9 submitt+ to ?is ordeal bo? :ile ,i 0 at ,&ov] & aft]w>d4#ab ,if a numb] ( "y m5 adopt$ criticism z a means ( improvem5t x %\ld n be m difficult to pione]s ( ! new dome/ic life1 "y & old1 provid$ !y h ! same desire to improve4 ,x might be irksome to ! "y1 until !y _h le>n$ to pr(it by x1 z all discipl9e is at fir/1 b :5 8our "y p10 says ,mr4 ,e/lake1 8_h =m$ habits 9 h>mony ) _! means ( improvem5t !y le>n$ to love ! means by :i* !y _h progress$ & to rejoice 9 ! results ( suff]+s t 7 incid5t only to _! inexp]i5ce40#ac ,footnote #ab3 ,! ,oneida ,community1 ,allan ,e/lake1 p4 #fe4 ,footnote #ac3 ,! ,oneida ,community1 ,allan ,e/lake1 p4 #ff4 ,p]sonal habits 9 ! new dome/ic life w be judg$ 9 _! relation to ! g5]al int]e/s ( ! h\sehold1 & regulations made to safegu>d ^! int]e/s4 ,cleanl9ess1 ord]l9ess1 punctuality are ess5tial to home com=t1 b conv5tional etiquette de/roys ! g5iality ( dome/ic fre$om4 ,:ile simple rules ( a positive k9d are /rictly obs]v$1 ! negative rule ( non-int]f]5ce ) p]sonal habits t are unhurtful to o!rs w be ! mo/ /r+5t ( all1 & = ?is reason--happ9ess is ! great object to atta91 & a supreme condition ( happ9ess is ! free int]action ( social units )\t intrusive int]f]5ce4 ,committees w be necess>y--= organiz+ lab\r on a me?od t w ensure v>iety to work]s & frequ5t leisure--= consultation on ! be/ means to adopt 9 tra9+ *ildr5 individually--= managem5t ( ! f9ances--= recreative arrangem5ts--& = purposes ( g5]al direction & control4 ,au?ority w ( c\rse devolve on ^! committees *os5 by memb]s ( ! h\sehold f among !mselves4 ,e relic ( primitive despotism mu/ be bani%$ f ! home3 x is a self-act+ republic4 ,s9ce *ildr5 re>$ 9 ! home w be "o day responsible citiz5s ( a republican /ate1 x 7 well to enli/ !m e>ly 9 ! "w ( committees4 ,!y w le>n !reby to subord9ate p]sonal desire to ! w ( ! majority1 & to co-op]ate 9 action = ! common weal4 ,! amusem5ts & conduct ( *ildr5 are well )9 range ( _! own und]/&+1 & al?\gh sup]vision by adults is necess>y1 great fre$om %\ld be all[$ !m 9 ! managem5t ( _! conduct clubs & amusem5t committees4 ,! rel9qui%m5t ( p]sonal prop]ty is n desirable at ! pres5t /age ( social evolution2 = individuals--& !re may be "s--:o1 h[ev] will+1 are unable to adapt !mselves to ! new sy/em1 %\ld possess ! p[] to return to ! old sy/em )\t let or h9drance4 ,nev]!less1 be x soon] or lat]1 ! ideal collectivi/ home ( ! future w realize1 ?\gh at fir/ imp]fectly1 ! beautiful conception held by ,isaac ,taylor ( ! ideal family home ( ! pa/4 ,"h is ! picture3 8,home is a g>d51 high-wall$ t[>ds ! blight+ nor!a/ ( selfi% c>e4 ,9 ! home we possess a ma9 means ( rais+ ! happie/ feel+s to a high pit* & keep+ !m !re4 ,no disp>agem5t1 no privation is to be endur$ by "s = ! aggr&izem5t or ease ( o!rs4 ,along ) great inequalities ( dignity1 p[] & m]it1 !re is yet a p]fect & unconsci\s equality 9 reg>d to com=ts1 enjoym5ts & p]sonal consid]ation4 ,!re is no room = grudges or individual solicitude4 ,:atev] may be ! measure ( good = ! :ole ! sum is di/ribut$ )\t a ?\ght ( di/9ction betwe5 "o & ano!r4 ,ref9$ & g5]\s emotions may ?us h room to exp&1 & may become ! fix$ habits ( ! m9d4 ,)9 ! circle ( home ea* is kn[n to all1 & all respect ! same pr9ciples ( ju/ice & love4 ,!re is !re=e no ne$ = t caution1 res]ve or suspicion t 9 ! op5 _w are safegu>ds aga9/ ! guile1 lawlessness & f]ocity ( a few40#ad ,!re1 too1 may be :olly disc>d$ t retic5ce ) :i*1 z ) a cloak1 ! mod]n1 civiliz$ man1 says ,lucas ,mallet1 /rives to hide ! noble/ & pure/ ( 8 ?\ght4 ,footnote #ad3 ,home ,education1 ,isaac ,taylor1 pp4 #cc & #cd4 ,! new sy/em fully work$ out w make homes p]man5t in/ead ( transitory4 ,x w *eck ! premature s5d+ ( girls out into ! _w & ! t5d5cy ( "y life g5]ally to drift4 ,x w develop indu/rial activities & give effective h\sehold lab\r4 ,x w less5 ! sordid c>es ( humanity & increase its social joys4 ,x w create an environm5t calculat$ to re/ra9 tempe/u\s y\? & cause e selfi% passion to subside 9 ! pres5ce ( mutual love4 ,x w p]fect education by co-ord9at+ ! life ( ! "y & secur+ t ! entire juv5ile orbit is gov]n$ by =ces ( fix$ congruity4 ,x w provide e com=t = old age & g>n] its de>ly-b\ght exp]i5ce4 ,x w promote heal?y propagation caus+ ! bir? ( ! fit2 x w facilitate m>riage ( ! affections & make e>ly m>riage possible4 ,x w t5d infancy 9 a :olly sup]ior mann]1 & by sci5tific bre$+1 re>+1 tra9+1 produce future citiz5s ( ! ,/ate ( a high] intellectual1 moral & spiritual type4 ,,"p ,,vii ,,religion ,,& ,,! ,,religi\s ,,life ,,primal ,,elem5ts ,,9 ,,humanity',s ,,evolution ,,section #a ,is ?is mat]ial univ]se self-suffici5t & self-conta9$1 or is n ! 8o!r conception10 ! true "o1 viz4 8t ( a univ]se ly+ op5 to all mann] ( spiritual influ5ces1 p]meat$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) a div9e _s1 guid$ & wat*$ by liv+ m9ds act+ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( law inde$1 b ) intellig5ce & love beh9d ! law2 a univ]se by no means self-suffici5t or self-conta9$1 b ) feel]s at e pore grop+ into ano!r sup]s5su\s ord] ( exi/5ce :]e reigns laws hi!rto unimag9$ by sci5ce1 b laws z real & z mighty z ^? by :i* ! mat]ial univ]se is gov]n$80--,,sir ,,oliv] ,,lodge1 8,! ,out/&+ ,controv]sy betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,fai?10 ,hibb]t ,j\rnal = ,octob]1 #aijb4 ,to ! man ( ,we/]n civilization1 ^: environm5t 9 y\? 0 a dome/ic atmosph]e ( ,sabba?-day ,*ri/ian or?odoxy & week-day religi\s indiff]5ce along ) a social atmosph]e ( comm]cial individualism & ! /eady pursuit ( s5se pleasures1 x is no easy task to =m a correct judgm5t reg>d+ ! true position ( religion & its relative wor? 9 evolution4 ,a /udy ( ! subject reveals t n only ! m & less civiliz$ races ( mank9d h ea* "s specializ$ =m ( religion1 b ! non-civiliz$ savage tribes ( ! e>? are simil>ly end[$4 ,_! wor%ip may be degrad$ to ! la/ degree1 b x holds !m 9 its grasp1 & 9 /udy+ ^! facts we are compell$ to believe t humanity is s con/itut$ t its deepe/ ne$s are only to be express$ ?r\gh & by religion4 ,! v>i\s religions ( ! _w mu/ h be5 ess5tial to evolution1 s9ce evolution1 z appli$ to man1 signifies ! ample1 ?or\gh developm5t ( e integral "p ( human nature 9 ea* individual4 ,b :ile recogniz+ religion z a necess>y expression ( human nature & a supreme *>act]i/ic ( man1 we h also to realize t its =ms are z v>i\s z ! di/9ctive diff]5ces among/ m51 & t *anges f "t to "t inevitably occur = good or evil 9 e religion4 ,none are /ation>y1 none are p]fect4 ,& ! spiritual v]ities :i* lie at ! base ( all are con/antly ov]laid by sup]/itions1 :ile ! ext]nal =ms h>d5 & gr[ inop]ative = good4 ,n[1 on ! !ory t religion is 9 effect necess>y to evolution1 & fur!r1 t x repres5ts fundam5tally an emanation f ! plane ( _s1 i4e4 f a region transc5d+ our ph5om5al exi/5ce1 :at w\ld n9ete5? c5tury intellig5ce a priori expect ( ! v>i\s div]g5t religi\s sy/ems8 ,t amid v>iations1 "s /rik+ simil>ities w\ld exi/ to indicate ! id5tity ( _! orig9al s\rce4 ,x w\ld expect also to f9d "s /atem5t ( facts 9 nature n o!rwise kn[n to man1 "s recognition ( ! /up5d\s movem5t ( evolution--! elucidation ( :i* 9 its physical aspect is ! gr& a*ievem5t ( mod]n sci5ce--& "s h9t ( ! laws gov]n+ t movem5t4 ,fur!r1 x w\ld expect to f9d guidance to "r conduct & "s indications ( ! p>am\nt purpose & end ( univ]sal life4 ,hi!rto1 z x happ5s1 ! inve/igat+ _s ( mod]n sci5ce has conc]n$ itself little ) !ological matt]s2 & ! recogniz$ expon5ts ( our own racial !ology are incompet5t judges "h4 ,_! tra9+ has made ( !m religi\s speciali/s s int]p5etrat$ by sect>ian dogma t !y are incapable ( assum+ ! m5tal attitude ( a g5u9e criticism claim+ no sup]iority = ,*ri/ianity ov] o!r great religions1 save su* value ( position z lies 9 its lat] bir? & developm5t4 ,outside ! *ur*es1 h[ev]1 comp>ative !ology is n neglect$1 & x is freely admitt$ n[ by _m e>ne/ /ud5ts ( ! subject t all ! great religions ( ! _w possess spiritual1 e?ical & philosophical ideas 9 common4 ,h9duism deals ) />tl+ facts ( ! invisible _w4 ,9 ! ,v$as#ae x tea*es t consci\sness is ! f\ndation or gr\ndwork ( all nature1 t matt] & =ce are in/9ct ) consci\s life4 ,beh9d ^! is ! great unmanife/$ ,deity--! 8,unkn[able0 ( our own ,sp5c]ian philosophy--! ,illimitable1 ,et]nal1 ,absolute1 ,uncondition$ ,s\rce ( ! ,univ]se1 incognizable & inconceivable to ! f9ite faculties ( man4 ,) manife/ation !re appe>s ! ?reefold aspect ( ,deity--! supreme ,logos ( ! ,univ]se--a ,unity 9 ,tr9ity & a ,tr9ity 9 ,unity1 ! reflection ( :i* z ,consci\sness1 ,sub/ance1 ,=ce1 runs ?r\gh\t nature1 & is also %[n 9 ! ,*ri/ian & o!r cre$s & ! ,paul9e description ( man's triune con/itution--body1 s\l & _s4 ,! doctr9e ( evolution is taught 9 ,h9duism on f> wid] l9es ?an ! mod]n intellectual conception lays d[n4 ,! latt]1 deal+ ) outw>d appe>ance1 bases itself on physical ph5om5a4 ,! =m] transc5ds ph5om5al exi/5ce & human exp]i5ce4 ,x embraces ! sup]latively great1 ! inf9itely small & complex1 & pres5ts a cosmogony evolutional ?r\gh\t1 :ile x po9ts to a spiritual developm5t = ! individual s ext5sive & sublime t ! ,we/]n m9d1 unus$ to metaphysical ?\ght1 is unable to grasp & clo! x 9 words4 ,9 ?is philosophy !re is no /ultify+ ( human endeav\r by ! view ( ! s\l's opportunities z conf9$ to ?ree score ye>s & t54 ,t span ( life makes b a s+le page 9 ! s\l's va/ evolutional hi/ory1 = at ! c5tre ( ,h9duism lies a rock-b$ ( belief 9 re-inc>nation--t process ( nature :i* accompli%es ! gradual gr[? & spiritual elevation ( humanity by means ( ! individual s\l's successive returns to physical life1 ) int]v5+ p]iods ( spiritual re/ or lat5cy4 ,! ?reefold nature ( man gives him t\* ) ?ree levels ( exi/5ce1 & ,h9du religion repres5ts him b\nd to a :eel unceas+ly turn+ 9 ?ree worlds1 viz4 a _w ( wak+ consci\sness or ! physical body1 & ( two o!r worlds to :i* he passes successively at & aft] dea?1 & 9 :i* he works out 8 late/ e>?ly exp]i5ce & assimilates all its fruit1 !n returns ?r\gh ! gateway ( bir? to beg9 a fre% c\rse ( discipl9e & le>n+4 ,footnote #ae3 ,x is f ! /udy ( ! ,v$as t ! educat$ ,h9du seeks to d]ive 8 cre$4 ,i ref] my read] to ,mr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,slat]'s ,high] ,h9duism 9 relation to ,*ri/ianity4 ,turn+ f ! transc5d5tal to ! sci5tific & practical sides ( ,h9duism1 we f9d an ext]nal wor%ip & broad polity calculat$ to regulate human conduct 9 e relation ( life1 religi\s1 national1 social1 family & p]sonal--! entire sy/em f\nd$ on ! law ( causation on all planes ( be+4 ,by our own sci5ti/s1 t law is recogniz$ on ! physical plane z ! inv>iable sequ5ce ( cause & effect4 ,h9duism reg>ds x z work+ also on high] planes1 & t]ms x ! law ( action or ,k>ma--! moral retribution :i* br+s out inexorably 9 "o life ! results foll[+ f causes aris+ 9 previ\s lives4 ,responsibility !re=e re/s ) e self-consci\s1 reflective be+1 & div9e ju/ice is %[n reconcilable ) ! free-w ( man ?r\gh ! union ( ,k>ma & re-inc>nation4 8,god is n mock$2 :atsoev] a man s[e? t %all he also reap40 ,! religion ( ! ,p>sis1 i4e4 ! mod]n =m ( ,zoroa/rianism1 has equally ) ,h9duism a metaphysical philosophy1 & an outw>d wor%ip1 :ile m+l$ ) all !re is an a/ronomical tea*+ bas$ on ! same conception ( nature z is f\nd 9 ,h9duism1 viz4 t x is ! manife/ation1 9 inf9itely v>i$ =ms1 ( ! "o univ]sal consci\sness or m9d4 ,! con/itution ( humanity is two-fold4 ,_s & matt] are two di/9ct & diff]5t pr9ciples1 bo? are 9 man2 & he is capable ( sid+ def9itely ) ei!r4 ,! e?ic ( ,zoroa/rian fai? is bas$ on ! belief t he w ?r[ himself on ! side ( ! pure1 t he w battle = x & ma9ta9 x4 ,to be at all times actively on ! side ( purity is a cle> p]sonal duty4 ,! dev\t ,zoroa/rian mu/ keep ! e>? pure & till x religi\sly4 ,he mu/ p]=m ! functions ( agriculture z a s]vice to ! gods1 = ! e>? is ! pure creature ( ,ahura ,mazdao--! ,supreme ,_s to be gu>d$ f all pollution4 ,& pass+ f ! out] to ! inn] life ( ! individual1 ! con/antly-repeat$ maxim is ?is3 ,i )draw f all s9s by pure ?\ghts1 pure de$s1 pure words4 ,9 ,taoism1 a religion ( ,*9a ( e>li] date ?an ,h9duism or ,zoroa/rianism1 !re exi/s a fragm5t ( anci5t scripture call$ ! ,classic ( ,purity1 :]e9 man is reg>d$ z a tr9ity1 viz4 _s1 m9d1 body4 ,to quote f ,mr4 ,legge's translation3 8,n[ ! _s ( man loves purity1 b 8 m9d di/urbs x4 ,! m9d ( man loves /illness1 b 8 desires draw x away4 ,if he c\ld always s5d 8 desires away1 8 m9d w\ld ( itself become /ill4 ,let 8 m9d be made clean1 & 8 _s w ( itself become pure40 7,"h we h ! idea1 express$ 9 all religions1 ( ! conflict betwe5 ! high] & l[] nature 9 man & ! necessity = _s to dom9ate m9d & body4 ,ref] to ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 vii4 #ae1 #ba1 #bb & #bc47 ,aga91 ,buddhism has absorb$ ! att5tion ( mod]n ,ori5tal s*ol>s ?r\gh ! fasc9ation ( ! ,buddha's purity & elevation ( ?\ght4 ,!re are two divisions ( ?is fai?1 viz41 ! ,mahayana1 t ( ! ,nor!rn ,*ur*1 f\nd 9 ,tibet1 ,nepaul1 ,*9a1 ,corea1 & ,japan1 & ! ,h9ayana1 t ( ! ,s\!rn ,*ur*1 f\nd 9 ,ceylon1 ,burmah1 ,siam1 etc4 ,! ,mahayana 7,great] ,vehicle7 is closely alli$ to ,h9duism 9 its tea*+s reg>d+ ! spiritual _w1 ! cont9u+ ego ( individual man1 ! life aft] dea?1 ! rites & c]emonies ( wor%ip1 & ! my/ic side ( p]sonal religion4 ,9 ! ,h9ayana 7,less] ,vehicle7 ( ! ,s\!rn ,*ur*1 mu* ( ?is my/ic tea*+ has be5 dropp$1 nev]!less x reta9s a wond]ful sy/em ( e?ics1 ) appeals made to human reason1 & a con/ant attempt to ju/ify & r5d] intelligible ! f\ndations on :i* ! morals are built4 ,buddhism is cle>ly ! daught] ( ! m anci5t ,h9duism4 ,its scriptures are ! e*o ( ! ,h9du scriptures1 & ! g5]al tea*+s1 :ile ?r[n into a less metaphysical =m1 are p5etrat$ ) ! ,h9du _s4 ,causation is 9 bo? an unbrok5 law4 ,9 ! ,dhammapada1 = in/ance1 x is writt53 8,if a man speaks or acts ) a pure ?\ght1 happ9ess foll[s him l a %ad[ t nev] leaves him4 ,if a man speaks or acts ) an evil ?\ght1 pa9 foll[s him z ! :eel foll[s ! foot ( ! ox t draws ! c>riage4 ,he :o has done :at is evil _c free himself ( x1 he may h done x long ago or af> (f1 he may h done x 9 solitude1 b he _c ca/ x (f40 ,buddha taught t evil is ov]come only by its opposite1 i4e4 good3 8,let e man ov]come ang] by love1 let him ov]come ! gre$y by lib]ality1 ! li> by tru?10 etc41 etc4 ,& "h ! religion is closely 9 t\* ) ,*ri/ian e?ics3 8,love y\r enemies1 bless !m t curse y1 d good to !m t hate y10 etc4 8,love is ! fulfill+ ( ! ,law40 ,) reg>d to man's de/9y1 ,buddha's tea*+s build on 8 he>]s' acceptance ( ! ,h9du doctr9e ( re-inc>nation4 7,9 ! ,pali ,canon occur ^! words3 8,! ,bhik%ee ! disciple sees1 ) eye div9e1 be+s dropp+ away & reappe>+1 he kn[s !m reap+ accord+ to _! sev]al k>ma1 degrad$ & ennobl$1 beautiful & ugly1 well-plac$ & ill-plac$40 ,f ?is & _m o!r passages ( ! ,pali ,canon 8x is cle> & evid5t & beyond a %ad[ ( d\bt10 says ,j4 ,c4 ,*att]ji1 8t ! ,buddha taught ! id5tity ( ! re-inc>nat+ ego1 ?\gh he did n give x t "n4 ,he call$ x ,consci\sness or ,vignana40--,!osophical ,review1 ,jan41 #ahih1 p4 #dae47 ,)\t t 8 sy/em falls to ! gr\nd4 ,! pa? ( salvation he po9ts to implies a p]si/5t c\rse ( p]sonal ef=t1 & he :o w\ld tread t pa? mu/ op5 8 m9d to discrim9ate betwe5 ?+s t are transitory & ^? t are real & p]man5t4 ,to ! =m] belong all ! pleasures ( s5se1 e e>?ly desire & ambition1 & e selfi% ?\ght4 ,deep )9 man's nature1 h[ev]1 !re lies hid a g]m or se$ ( ! p]man5t4 ,?is w p]si/ ?r\gh\t all ! ages amid ! fleet+ phantasmagoria ( _m lives1 & ?is he mu/ *]i%1 n\ri%1 develop4 ,he mu/ resi/ & r5\nce ! corrupt+ influ5ces ( ! fle%4 ,he mu/ ma/] 8 passions1 /eady 8 m9d1 & control1 enlight5 & elevate 8 ?\ghts4 ,fur!r1 he mu/ purify 8 emotions & actions1 p]vad+ ! _w ) a 8he>t ( love1 f>-rea*+1 gr[n great & beyond measure40 7,! ,tevijja ,sutta47 ,f9ally1 ! individual consci\sness w exp&1 until1 able to function 9 subtl] vehicles ?an ^? ( physical matt]1 ! man passes out ( ! *rysalis /ate ( =mal exi/5ce to em]ge ^u high] levels ( life & rea* at l5g? ! ,buddhi/ ,nirvana--t supreme cr[n ( immortality & acme ( consci\s bliss4 ,?is pilgrimage ( ! s\l ?r\gh _m bir?s & dea?s1 ) its /eadfa/ /ruggles & gradual lib]ation f all e>?ly debas+ entanglem5ts1 =ms a /rik+ contra/ to c]ta9 tea*+s ( ! mod]n ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es4 ,dogma !re pres5ts to u an undevelop$ helpless s\l1 z play+--)9 a circumscrib$ area ( e>?'s surface--its "o little game ( exp]im5tal life4 ,! fate ( ! s\l = all et]nity hangs 9 ! balance1 all its *ances = weal or woe dep5d+ on a s+le ?r[ ( ! dice4 ,& :at are ! t]ms ( ! game8 ,conditions ( life s adv]se1 9 millions ( cases1 t defeat is a =egone conclusion4 ,no wond] civiliz$ m5 ) a se$l+ ( ju/ice 9 ! s\l1 reject ! :ole s*eme ( nature alli$ ) ?is dogma1 & frankly disav[ religi\s fai?4 ,b ! "q arises1 h[ does x happ5 t ,*ri/ianity1 ) an e?ic fundam5tally ! same z t ( e o!r great religion ( ! _w1 div]ges s completely "h8 ,is x conceivable t ,*ri/ianity1 :ile ( ,div9e orig91 has become 9 process ( "t dw>f$ & de=m$ to ! ext5t ev5 ( los+ "s ess5tial features8 ,x holds1 z sect>ian pulpits repres5t x1 no doctr9e ( re-inc>nation1 & appe>s to h no cle> basis ( metaphysical or philosophic ?\ght4 ,moreov]1 x has elem5ts impossible to reconcile ) ! m5tal & emotional developm5ts ( a sci5tific & intellectual age4 ,! an?ropomorphic conception ( ,deity1 ! almo/ lit]al int]pretation ( ! ,jewi% allegory ( creation1 ! p]sonalization ( ! metaphysical & my/ic ,tr9ity2 ! approval ( ! b>b>\s sacrifices & v5geful ,deity ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 ! anti-evolutional doctr9e ( ! vic>i\s ,atonem5t 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 ! crude ideas conc]n+ ! s\l1 heav5 & hell2 & ! abs5ce ( any evolutional !ory appli$ to human de/9y--all ^!1 & above all ! ignorance & pride t claim = ?is p>ticul> =m ( religion a unique position 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 & assume t x alone & no o!r religion is ! revelation ( ,god to man1 %[ an ample ju/ification = ! fact t ! mo/ intellig5t m5 & wom5 ( ,we/]n civilization /& outside ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es to-day1 or are 9 !m f motives t h no?+ to d ) dev\t religi\s feel+4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we turn to ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* & se>* its anci5t records1 or if unable ourselves to grapple ) ! problem1 we place confid5ce 9 ! evid5ce ( /ud5ts :o h done s1 we f9d t an entirely new light is ?r[n on ,*ri/ianity & its real position4 ,9 ! writ+s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 !re is a con/ant ref]5ce made to grades ( memb]s & tea*+ )9 ! e>ly ,*ur*4 ,fir/1 ! g5]al memb]s1 & f ^? ! pure 9 life w5t into a second grade4 ,! latt] =m$ ! 8few *os50 f ! _m call$4 ,b beyond ^! 7 ! 8*os5 ( ! *os510 :o1 8) p]fect k liv$ 9 p]fection ( righte\sness accord+ to ! law40 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 "o ( ! greate/ ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 wrote3 8,x is n to be wi%$ t all ?+s %\ld be expos$ indiscrim9ately to all & sundry1 or ! b5efits ( wisdom communicat$ to ^? :o h n1 ev5 9 a dream1 be5 purifi$ 9 s\l 444 nor are ! my/]ies ( ! ^w to be exp\nd$ to ! pr(ane40 ,orig5 tells u t ,jesus conv]s$ ) ,8 disciples 9 private1 & especially 9 _! mo/ secret retreats1 conc]n+ ! ,gospel ( ,god2 b ! words ,he utt]$ h n be5 pres]v$4 ,& :5 ,celsus assail$ ,*ri/ianity z a secret sy/em1 ,orig5 repli$ su* a notion 0 absurd1 8b t !re %\ld be c]ta9 doctr9es n made kn[n to ! multitude & :i* are reveal$ aft] ! exot]ic doctr9es h be5 taught1 is n a peculi>ity ( ,*ri/ianity alone1 b also ( philosophic sy/ems1 9 :i* c]ta9 tru?s are exot]ic & o!rs esot]ic40 ,else:]e he expla9s t ,scripture is ?reefold 9 mean+1 t x is ! 8fle%0 = simple m51 ! 8s\l0 = ! m in/ruct$1 ! 8_s0 = ! 8p]fect10 & 9 corroboration he quotes f ,scripture ! words ( ,/4 ,paul1 8,we speak ! wisdom ( ,god 9 a my/]y1 ev5 ! hidd5 wisdom10 & 8we speak wisdom among/ !m t are p]fect40 ,we h "h1 !n1 m ?an a trace ( "s deep] tea*+ ?an appe>s on ! surface ( ,*ri/ianity1 "s m9e ( hidd5 tru? too sacr$ & pr(\nd = op5 display to ! undisc]n+ multitude4 ,is x n evid5t t ,*ri/ianity conta9s at its c5tre1 kn[n only to ! few1 ! same transc5d5tal & spiritual conceptions1 ! same supra-physical & my/ical philosophy z ! anci5t religions conta98 ,b if ?is be s1 h[ came ! mo/ preci\s tru?s ( religion to be app>5tly lo/8 ,!y 7 lo/ ?r\gh ! uncompreh5d+ ignorance ( ! e>ly foll[]s ( ! ,ma/]1 ,*ri/1 & ! sect>ian bigotry ( ecclesia/ics :o cut !mselves ap>t f ! hold]s ( ! inn] tea*+ &1 becom+ a majority1 ov]came ! le>n$ few1 /amp+ z h]etics ! la/ remnants kn[n z ,*ri/ian ,gno/ics1 ,mani*eans1 ,pelasgians1 & ,arians1 all ( :om1 c\nt$ s*ismatics1 7 ev5tually cru%$ out ?r\gh cruel p]secution by ! victori\s or?odox ,lat9 & ,greek ,*ur*es4 ,nev]!less1 "s fragm5ts ( ! hidd5 wisdom ( ! e>ly tea*+ h surviv$ 9 ! uncompreh5d$ symbols ( ! cre$s & c]emonies ( ! ,*ur*es4 7,i ref] my read] to ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,leadbeat]'s "w1 ,! ,*ri/ian ,cre$47 ,t re-inc>nation & ,k>ma =m$ "p ( ! orig9al tea*+ is1 ,i ?9k1 abundantly evid5t4 ,9 ,gno/icism & ,mani*eism !y 7 app>5t4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs speak pla9ly ( ^! doctr9es1 & ,orig5 ref]s to ,py?agoras1 ,plato & ,emp$ocles z hold+ !m4 ,moreov]1 ,jesus ,*ri/ is made to utt] a cle> /atem5t conc]n+ ,john ! ,bapti/1 t implies ! doctr9e ( re-inc>nation1 & 8 answ] to ! "q ab\t a bl9d man1 8:o did s91 ?is man or 8 p>5ts1 t he 0 born bl9d80 %[s ! acceptance 9 ! e>ly ,*ur* ( bo? doctr9es4 ,! :ole incid5t reveals t ! subject ( re-inc>nation 0 famili> to ! foll[]s ( ,*ri/1 & ,josephus expressly /ates t ! ,ph>isees held ! doctr9e ( re-bir?4 ,!re is !n little d\bt t 9 ! e>ly ,*ur* ! belief 0 widely spread1 b lat] at a ,g5]al ,c\ncil--a ,c\ncil held aft] d>kness _h begun its reign--x 0 =mally condemn$ & /amp$ z a h]esy4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! view t all ! great religions come f ! same spiritual s\rce1 x is significant to f9d ! foll[+ 9 ! writ+s ( a rigid ,roman ,ca?olic hi/orian1 viz4 ,a4 ,f4 ,ozanam3 8,hav+ bur/ ov] ! bord]s ( ! c\ntry to :i* x _h once be5 conf9$1 ,buddhism at ! ye> #fa ,b4,c4 made a new appe>ance on ! sc5e1 & invad$ all ,nor!rn ,asia4444 ,?is great movem5t c\ld n b influ5ce ! ,we/4 ,x effect$ its entrance 7into ,*ri/5dom7 ?r\gh ! ,gno/ic sects4 ,! ,gnosis 0 ! designation ( a high] sci5ce or initiation res]v$ = a h&ful ( *os5 spirits40 ,aga91 speak+ ( ! ,mani*eans1 he says3 8,x is difficult to decide :e!r ,manes drew 8 sy/em orig9ally f ^! ,buddhi/ s\rces or f\nd ! tea*+ :i* he h&$ d[n to 8 disciples held by =m] ,gno/ic sects1 !mselves impregnat$ ) ! ,ori5tal doctr9e40 7,ozanam's ,hi/ory ( ,civilization 9 ! ,fif? ,c5tury1 vol4 i4 pp4 #bdg & #bed47 ,x is easy to see t ?is ,ori5tal doctr9e 0 none o!r ?an ! hidd5 wisdom ( ,jesus & ,paul z well z ( ,buddha4 ,! special doctr9e ( re-inc>nation is said to be abs5t 9 ! fragm5ts ( ! ,ave/a & 9 ! ,z5d comm5t>ies1 & abs5t also 9 ! latt] ,pahlavi doctr9es4 ,x is n held by ! mod]n ,p>sis4 8,on ! o!r h&10 says ,g4 ,r4 ,s4 ,mead1 ,b4,a41 ,m4,r4,a4,s41 8,greek writ]s emphatically ass]t t ! doctr9e ( re-inc>nation 0 "o ( ! ma9 t5ets ( ! ,magian tradition40 ,! same au?or else:]e rem>ks3 8,s9ce ,b>daisan1 l all ! great ,gno/ics1 believ$ 9 re-inc>nation1 su* a conception z ! resurrection ( ! physical body 0 no?+ b a gross sup]/ition ( ! ignorant40 7,! ,!osophical ,review = ,m>*1 #ahih1 p4 #ag47 ,to judge ,*ri/ianity fairly1 x 0 necess>y to "k some?+ ( its orig91 its antec$5ts & ! e>ly phases ( its life4 ,we _h to foll[ ! hi/ory ( its e>ly sects & obs]ve ! *anges effect$ 9 ! ,*ur* by =ces play+ ^u x f )\t4 ,! ,*ur* gradually rose into a position ( social influ5ce & au?ority1 f :i* x aga9 decl9$1 & x 0 dur+ ! latt] condition t 9 its /ruggles to ma9ta9 p[] & supremacy amid adv]se =ces x dropp$ out ! my/ic beliefs difficult ( appreh5sion by ,we/]n m9ds2 x ceas$ to ord] & classify its adh]5ts1 & x ultimately adapt$ its doctr9es to ! mat]iali/ic _s ( ! dawn+ era ( mod]n sci5ce4#af ,nev]!less1 ! ,*ur* reta9$ its pure e?ical tea*+4 ,x has held up to view ! noble unselfi% life ( its f\nd] ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,no "o c\ld d5y t dur+ ! p]iod ev5 ( its degradation1 ?is religion has prov$ to millions ( human be+s a s\rce ( vital com=t & joy1 & to "s ext5t ( spiritual light4 ,footnote #af3 ,t]tullian compla9s3 8,!y h all access alike2 !y he> alike1 !y pray alike1 ev5 hea!ns if any su* happ5 to come among !m40 ,! t5d5cy ( ,prote/antism 0 to ass]t ! claims ( all m5--! weak & *ildi% z well z ! ?\ghtful & intellectually /rong--to a cle> und]/&+ ( ! ,*ur*'s :ole tea*+4 ,9 pursuance ( a policy to meet ?is dem&1 ! ,*ur* gave =? a simplifi$ pres5tation ( ,god & ,nature t contradicts ! pla9e/ facts ( sci5ce1 & creates )9 m9ds ( deep]1 m exp&$ faculty1 a consci5ti\s revolt f ! ,*ri/ian fai? to an attitude ( hone/ scepticism4 ,outside ! ,*ur*1 h[ev]1 o!r =ces ( evolution h prevail$ to c>ry man =w>d1 & to-day !re exi/s an e>ne/ & dev\t _s ( inquiry1 & a /rong dissatisfaction ) ! purely mat]iali/ic !ory ( ,nature4 ,conspicu\s among ! =ces ( *ange are1 fir/1 ! /udy ( physical ph5om5a on sci5tific me?ods1 a /udy :i*1 by conv9c+ ! ,we/]n m9d ( a pr(\nd my/]y beh9d all ph5om5a1 gives fre% impulse to speculative ?\ght1 & r\ses ef=t to rea* & appreh5d ! law ( evolution4 ,second1 ! /udy ( psy*ic ph5om5a reveal+ modes ( consci\sness hi!rto ignor$1 & impell+ sci5ce to p5etrate ! hidd5 recesses ( our psy*ic activities & inve/igate "s ( ! heights & dep?s ( man's inn] con/itution4 ,?ird1 ! hi/orical /udies t ?r[ new light on ! m>vell\s civilizations ( ! pa/ & ^? religions t are m anci5t ?an ,*ri/ianity4 ,:atev] ! ultimate outcome ( ^! /udies may prove1 x is cle> t ! p]spective ( e>ly fai?s--_! range & rea*--0 va/] ?an t ( curr5t ,*ri/ianity1 & ?is p]ception is creep+ into our popul> lit]ature & lay+ hold ( public ?\ght4 ,= in/ance1 a rec5t writ] rem>ks3 8,! mod]n sci5tific revelation ( /ell> evolution & dissolution seems a prodigi\s confirmation ( ,buddhi/ !ories ( cosmical law40 ,& aga91 8,) ! acceptance ( ! doctr9e ( evolution old =ms ( ?\ght crumbl$1 new ideas arose to take ! place ( worn-out dogmas1 & we h a g5]al intellectual movem5t 9 directions /rangely p>allel ) ,ori5tal philosophy40 7,lafcadio ,he>n's ,h9ts & ,e*oes ( ,japanese ,inn] ,life47 ,?is movem5t necess>ily w advance only by c>ry+ ) x1 i4e4 conv9c+ /ep by /ep1 ! reason ( man1 & see+ t ,ori5tal philosophy has ! doctr9es ( re-inc>nation & ,k>ma at its f\ndation1 ^! mu/ be te/$ & ! fact asc]ta9$ :e!r or n !y are consi/5t ) ! laws ( ph5om5al exi/5ce already discov]$ & believ$ 9 by ! ,occid5tal m9d4 8,to-day10 says ,lafcadio ,he>n1 8= ! /ud5t ( sci5tific psy*ology1 ! idea ( pre-exi/5ce passes out ( ! realm ( !ory into ! realm ( fact10 & he quotes 9 corroboration ( ?is /atem5t ,pr(essor ,huxley's op9ion ( ! !ory--8,none b v ha/y ?9k]s w reject x on ! gr\nd ( inh]5t absurdity4 ,l ! doctr9e ( evolution itself1 t ( transmigration has its roots 9 ! _w ( reality1 & x may claim su* support z ! great argum5t f analogy is capable ( supply+40 7,evolution & ,e?ics1 p4 #fa1 ,ed4 #ahid47 ,at ?is epo* ( ! _w's hi/ory1 ! humanity t exi/s is ( an inf9itely v>i$ "*4 ,at "o end ( ! scale1 we h 9 savages ! simple/ =ms ( racial types1 at ! o!r ! mo/ complex =ms1 & betwe5 ^! e conceivable v>iant4 ,! di/9ctions g deep] z we asc5d ! scale1 & !re are no two be+s alike 9 _! p[]s ( ab/ract ?9k+1 ! nature ( _! intellectual1 emotional & moral qualities1 & ! gr\p+s ( ^! qualities--9 a ^w1 _! individualities4 ,n[ "o ?+ dem&$ by ! develop$ intellects ( ?is age is a g5]alization t w cov] & expla9 ^! p]plex+ diff]5ces4 ,! law ( h]$ity does ?is to a v limit$ ext5t only4 ,s f> z ! physical /ructure is conc]n$ x expla9s mu*2 b :5 we come to ! m5tal & moral developm5ts1 its insuffici5cy is app>5t4 ,g5ius & idiocy may be f\nd spr++ up f ! same p>5t /ock & "u id5tical conditions ( tra9+ 9 *ildhood4 ,v>iety ( "* w appe> 9 *ildr5 ( ! same family f almo/ ! mom5t ( bir?4 ,"o infant comes into ! _w h&icapp$ by a sull5 temp] & vici\s disposition1 ano!r ) ! mo/ lovable traits4 ,x is inconceivable t ^! incongru\s effects fl[ f congru\s causes on ! physical plane4 ,& 7 we able to logically accept ^! physical causes z adequate1 no civiliz$ be+ c\ld morally respect ! ord]+ ( a univ]se :]e9 innoc5t s\ls newly creat$ ent] life h&icapp$ by vici\s prop5sities4 ,ei!r ! ,p[] beh9d all ph5om5a is a malevol5t ,p[]1 or ! univ]se is a *aos--! inconsequ5t outcome ( r&om *ance4 ,^! pa9ful alt]natives cease _! tr\bl+1 h[ev]1 & all p]plexities gradually disappe> z ! m9d ( man gr[s into a cle> appreh5sion ( evolution 9 its full significance4 ,! basic law ( evolution is t all exi/5ce proce$s 9 cycles1 ea* hav+ its objective & subjective arc4 ,9 o!r words1 !re is a con/ant fl[ ( motion & consci\sness f )\t )9 & f )9 )\t4 ,on ! l[li] levels ( life1 ?is law is obs]v$ & sci5ce bas$ ^u x4 ,9 ! vegetable k+dom1 ! leaves1 /alk & fl[] ( a specific plant p]i% z completely z ?\gh !y _h nev] exi/$2 b ! subjective entity rema9s1 & 9 due c\rse x reappe>s1 clo!d 9 a diff]5t ve/m5t ( cells1 ! same 9 all ! details ( its intricate =m4 ,9 ! insect k+dom1 all ! wond]ful *anges t trans=m a crawl+ slimy cat]pill> into a glori\s vision ( beauty & grace takes place 9 sil5ce & d>kness--f )9 )\t4 ,"h ! law ( evolution takes a wid] range ?an 9 ! vegetable k+dom4 ,=m1 function1 habit1 all are *ang$1 yet we "k by actual obs]vation t ! so>+ butt]fly & crawl+ cat]pill> are intr9sically "o & ! same4 ,moreov]1 ! :ole process ( *ange is accompli%$ 9 ! pupa /age indep5d5tly ( t food supply :i*--to ! sci5tific conception--seems indisp5sable 9 ! g5]ation & cont9uation ( vital =ce4 7,i mu/ "h ref] my read] to ! full discussion ( ?is subject 9 *apt]s v4 & vi4 ( ,dr4 ,j]ome ,a4 ,&]son's ,re-inc>nation--,a ,/udy ( ! ,human ,s\l47 ,n[ 9 our habit ( reg>d+ humanity 9 its high] aspect z ! acme or cr[n ( t]re/rial life1 we are apt to =get ! pot5t connexions t l9k x ) life 9 g5]al4 ,b re-inc>nation1 if we w\ld judge x philosophically1 mu/ n be wr5*$ f its place 9 ! ord] ( nature & /udi$ z an isolat$ fragm5t4 8,all evolution consi/s10 says ,mrs4 ,besant1 8( an evolv+ life pass+ f =m to =m z x evolves1 & /or+ up ! exp]i5ce ga9$ ?r\gh ! =ms2 ! re-inc>nation ( ! human s\l is n ! introduction ( a new pr9ciple into evolution1 b ! adaptation ( ! univ]sal pr9ciple to meet conditions r5d]$ necess>y by ! individualization ( ! cont9ually evolv+ life40 7,! ,anci5t ,wisdom1 p4 #bcd47 ,! doctr9e ( human evolution summ$ up 9 ! t]m re-inc>nation _c be prov$ 9 ! same s5se z a new discov]y 9 physics c be prov$--t goes )\t say+4 ,b we may claim t x c be s ne>ly prov$ by reason+ t no intellig5t be+ :o correctly appreh5ds ! idea & applies x ) pati5ce to ! exp]i5ce ( exi/5ce1 :e!r 9 or out ( ! body1 c fail to believe x z fully1 = example1 z ! mod]n sci5tific _w believes 9 ! electro-magnetic !ory ( light4 ,t !ory is no long] argu$ ab\t4 ,x is ! only !ory t w expla9 all ! facts4 ,& ( re-inc>nation 9 a high] doma9 we may equally affirm x is ! only !ory t expla9s ! facts & is consonant ) all ! kn[n laws ( nature4 ,x is lum9\s ) a truly sci5tific aspect4 ,x satisfactorily acc\nts = ! inh]5t diff]5ces 9 "* t h]$ity leaves unexpla9$1 & x r5ews our fai? 9 love & wisdom z und]ly+ ! ph5om5a ( e>?ly exi/5ce1 not)/&+ pres5t appe>ances4 ,b add to ?is ! fact t e great religion ( ! _w1 except mod]n ,*ri/ianity1 holds x m or less completely1 :il/ ,*ri/ianity also orig9ally held x2 & if a spiritual & e?ical !ory ( ! univ]se be t5able1 !n cultur$ m9ds reject+ re-inc>nation mu/ ei!r h fail$ to /udy ! subject 9 its antec$5ts & be>+s1 or !y mu/ be by con/itution pr(\ndly unphilosophical4 7,i ref] my read] "h to *ap4 iii4 ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,s9nett's ,gr[? ( ! ,s\l47 ,aft] all1 x is a comp>atively few m5 & wom5 :o seek intellectual cle>ness ( vision1 & are re/less ( s\l till !y grasp a !ory ( ! univ]se & an int]pretation ( life t alike may satisfy head & he>t--! mass ( mank9d is un?9k+4 ,& z we contemplate ! /up5d\s task ( evolution 9 develop+ ea* individual s\l out ( ! embryonic condition ( ! savage to a consci\s control & ex]cise ( all ! div9e pot5cies ( a p]fect$ spiritual man1 we feel no surprise t ! major "p ( humanity /&s yet 9 its *ildhood4 ,unequal developm5t is ! natural coroll>y ( g5]al evolution4 ,! he>t ( mod]n man1 h[ev]1 is = ! mo/ "p 9 advance ( 8 head1 & x is "h1 viz4 on ! emotional side ( human nature1 t religion--no matt] :at ! specific =m may h be5--has m9i/]$ to man's ne$s & prov$ an all-important factor ( evolution4 ,revelation1 z ,less+ 7:o believ$ 9 re-inc>nation7 decl>es1 has be5 ! education ( ! human race4 8,x did n10 he says1 8give any?+ t human reason left to itself w\ld n arrive at1 b x gave ! mo/ important ( ^! ?+s e>li]0--t is1 be=e ! reason+ faculties 7 fully develop$ 9 man4 7,less+'s ,treatise3 ,! ,education ( ! ,human ,race1 translat$ by ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,rob]tson47 ,! f\nd]s ( e religion--! great & wise ones ( ! e>?--h guid$ ! race 9 its sl[ & gradual asc5t f infancy to manhood1 & ev5 ?r\gh ! deg5]ation to :i* e religion has be5 subject$ f human ignorance & selfi%ness4 ,,section #b ,we h n[ to turn f racial religions to p]sonal religion1 & z ! spr+s ( individual conduct lie e>li] 9 ! he>t ?an 9 ! head1 spiritual developm5ts beg9 !re4 ,x is 9 accordance ) natural ord] t ! "r conduct & simple devotion ( millions ( human be+s1 intellectually bl9d1 %\ld yet aid ! /eady advance ( evolution t[>ds its highe/ goal4 ,! pilgrim s\l press+ =w>d ?r\gh a long s]ies ( bir?s & dea?s has a *equ]$ c>e] ( conque/ & defeat1 until1 exp]i5ce guid+ ef=t & ov]com+ wayw>dness1 ! animal /age ( exi/5ce has be5 di/anc$ & left beh9d4 ,b ea* ( ^! pilgrim s\ls pursues a pa? specifically its own1 t is1 diff]+ f t ( e o!r pilgrim s\l4 ,! pa?s pursu$ are divid$ by ,ea/]n ?\ght into ?ree di/9ct classes4 ,fir/1 t ( action2 second1 t ( devotion2 ?ird1 t ( wisdom4 ,9 ! fir/ class are to be f\nd m5 & wom5 ( inf9itely v>i$ p[]s tak+ "p 9 all ! activities ( ! _w1 & /riv+ ) ke5ness to atta9 c]ta9 desir$ results4 ,comm5c+1 x may be1 ) l[1 selfi%1 n>r[ motives ( action1 ^! gradually alt] & improve1 till motive & action alike h become pure1 unselfi% & direct$ to ! wide/ b5efic5ce4 ,su* types ( humanity tread ! fir/ pa?1 t ( action1 & 9 x are h>ve/+ preci\s exp]i5ce4 ,!y are develop+ int]iorly ! p[]s t make = righte\sness4 ,to ! second class belong all ! _w's s9c]e religioni/s1 ^? be+s ^: reg>d--:e!r ( fe> or love--goes out to an ideal p]son4 ,! p]son1 obs]ve1 may be ( l[ or ( high grade 9 accordance ) ! subjective developm5t ( ! individual wor%ipp]4 ,z ! object ( devotion becomes purifi$1 love ca/s out fe>1 & advance on ?is pa? proce$s4 ,m5 & wom5 ador+ _! conception ( ,kri%na1 or ,buddha1 ( ,ahura ,mazdao1 or ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 are tread+ ! pa? ( devotion1 & may rise to ! highe/ emotions ( altruism1 ! mo/ selfless s]vice ( ! ,supreme1 ?us h>moniz+ ev] m & m ! human w & ! ,div9e w4 ,pilgrims ( ! ?ird & smalle/ class are m5 & wom5 ^: con/ant desire & endeav\r is to se>* out ! tru? ( ?+s4 ,9 ! e>li] grades ( ?is pa? w be f\nd sci5tific inve/igators ( physical ph5om5a2 m advanc$ on ! pa? are mat]iali/ philosoph]s & all individuals direct+ _! ef=ts to an exam9ation ( man 9 ! regions ( emotion & m9d4 ,above ^! aga9 are ! m5 & wom5 ^: se>* is into ! inn]mo/ nature ( ?+s1 & :o1 9 ! int5sity ( t se>*1 lose m & m _! feel+ ( self1 & m]ge !mselves 9 ,div9e k4 ,to summ>ise ! ?ree pa?s3 ,! fir/ is a progress ?r\gh human activities f motives ( self to motives ( highe/ altruism4 ,! second is a progress ?r\gh religi\s emotions1 f fe> ( an invisible demon1 to ! mo/ selfless love ( an ideal p]son & unsw]v+ devotion to true ideals4 ,! ?ird is a progress f ! simple/ ef=ts to discov] tru? to ! acquisition ( ,div9e wisdom by means ( ! imm5sely increas$ faculties ( ! p]fect$ man4 ,^! ?ree pa?s1 l diff]5t ways up a m\nta91 meet at ! top1 :]e pilgrims atta9 to ! qualities ( all1 & n only ( ! "o pa? ma9ly trav]s$ by ea*4 ,all atta9 9 ! end to ! fulle/ developm5t ( human p[] & faculty1 & to complete lib]ation f ! *a9 ( bir?s & dea?s4 ,t p]sonal goodness & religi\s zeal are ! measure ( spiritual developm5t is only ! ,*ur*'s view1 & x ignores a l>ge "p ( human ef=ts & activities4 ,)\t p]sonal goodness c]ta9ly no spiritual life is possible1 b beyond ! acme ( p]sonal goodness to l(ty heights ( k1 ( wisdom1 ( transc5d5t love & b5evol5ce1 rises ! pilgrim human s\l "u ,div9e tuition4 ,we h n[ to inquire :]e9 ! pilgrims resemble "o ano!r8 ,! feature common to all is ! inn] attitude ( self-surr5d]4 ,x may spr+ f impulse or a half-unconsci\s s5se ( duty4 ,or1 x may result f ! reason+ faculty1 f reason controll+ & direct+ conduct ) a full consci\sness ( responsibility4 ,aga91 x may be alli$ ) all ! sacr$ aspirations & inspirations t foll[ ^u a long c\rse ( developm5t1 b :atev] ! cause & degree1 ?is attitude ( m9d makes x possible = ! spiritual =ces work+ 9 & ?r\gh humanity z a :ole to manife/ !re1 exp&+ ! he>t & m9d1 & creat+ a fur!r s\l-evolution4 ,!re is a law 9 nature :i* has be5 well call$ ! pulse ( our planet>y sy/em1 a law ( giv+ out4 ,x involves no absolute & ultimate sacrifice2 & x is ! only law by :i* progress & exaltation 9 nature c be actually a*iev$4 ,n[ ?is law is a c5tral "p ( ! tea*+ ( e great religion4 ,! ,logos1 we are told1 9 br++ into exi/5ce an inf9itude ( c5tres ( consci\sness1 made ! volunt>y sacrifice ( limit+ ,8 own b\ndless life4 ,?is ?\ght is express$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures ?us3 8,! ,lamb sla9 f ! f\ndation ( ! _w40 ,?is fir/ great outbrea?+ ( ! life ( ! ,logos is ! e>lie/ pres5tation ( ! law ( sacrifice--t law :i* prescribes t at e /age ( evolution life & en]gy %all be giv5 out = ! b5efit ( "s consci\sness on a l[] grade ?an ! giv]4 ,?is great pr9ciple ( evolution is manife/ 9 ! unselfi% b5evol5ce ( all good m5 & wom52 ev5 :5 !y are work+ z yet 9 bl9d ob$i5ce to ! sc>cely articulate impulses ( _! awak5+ spiritual natures4 7,i ref] my read] to p4 #deb ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,s9nett's ,! ,gr[? ( ! ,s\l47 ,to our m9ds pa9 seems necess>ily connect$ ) sacrifice1 b pa9 proce$s :olly f discord )9 ! sacrific]1 i4e4 f antagonism betwe5 ! high] "p ( 8 nature :i* is will+ to give1 & ! l[] "p ^: satisfaction lies 9 grasp+ & keep+4 ,! process requir$ 9 ea* case is a turn+ f ! selfi%1 individuali/ic attitude to t ( a social1 altrui/ic giv+--a giv+ joyfully = love's sake4 ,! transition naturally involves "s pa91 = ! consci\s w has to gradually ma/] ! animal "p ( ! nature1 & subord9ate x to ! high] self4 ,man is1 9 ! ord] ( evolution1 prim>ily subject to animal desires4 ,8 consci\sness moves on ! s5su\s plane ( exi/5ce1 & he cl+s to ! physical elem5ts 9 nature4 ,by-&-bye he le>ns to rel9qui% an imm$iate mat]ial good = a future good equally mat]ial--x may be a great] worldly prosp]ity = himself or 8 family4 ,?is sacrifice is n ess5tially noble1 b x prep>es ! way = a h>d] lesson1 & "o t calls out a deep] faculty )9 him4 ,"h aga9 ! process is "o ( ex*ange1 b n ( "o =m ( s5su\s good = ano!r4 ,x is ! ex*ange ( mat]ial possessions or s5se pleasures = some?+ ( an entirely diff]5t ord] 9 nature--a rew>d n visible1 nay1 possibly f> (f beyond ! tomb4 ,:5 humanity 0 9 its *ildhood1 religion inculcat$ & press$ ^u x ?is =m ( sacrifice2 & z we pond] ! m>tyr lives t /ud ! pages ( hi/ory we recognize ! fact t ?\s&s ( human be+s practis$ ! precept1 & le>n$ to endure1 z see+ ! invisible1 to /& morally upright )\t e>?ly prop1 to value spiritual companion%ip & joy 9 an inn] life ( purity & peace :5 outw>d conditions 7 adv]se & d>k4 ,a lat]1 f> high] phase ( ! law ( sacrifice1 is t :]e9 no rew>d is ?\ght (1 or desir$4 ,rea*+ manhood1 humanity grapples ) ! duties & accepts all ! grave responsibilities ( an advanc$ evolutional /age4 ,duty becomes ! motor ( action1 self-ma/]y & love ( "o's fell[s ! v keynotes ( man's music4 ,! animal "p ( 8 nature becomes subord9ate to ! high] self4 ,! ?ird great lesson ( sacrifice works )91 ! lesson1 viz4 to d "r simply because x is "r1 to give because giv+ is ow$ by ea* to all1 & n because giv+ w 9 any %ape be pleas+ to or rew>d$ by ,god4 ,dur+ ! v>i\s /ages ( progress1 ! pa9 aspect ( sacrifice is cle>ly se54 ,nev]!less1 a s\l's passionate grip ^u ?+s physical & s5su\s relaxes1 & a day arrives :5 to give spontane\sly1 freely1 lavi%ly1 is pure/ joy4 ,!n is man's life m]g+ into ,div9e life1 & sacrifice is no m pa94 ,vital dissonances cease to r5d man's he>t1 = 8 inn] consci\sness has so>$ above ! selfi% sep>at5ess ( ph5om5al exi/5ce into realms ( nature :]e unity & love are ! all-prevail+ pr9ciples ( life4 ,we "k ^! pr9ciples 9 action ?r\gh ! beautiful1 selfless e>?ly pilgrimage ( ,him we call ! ,savi\r ( ,mank9d1 ^: :ole c>e] 0 an ,at-"o-m5t ) ! ,div9e4 ,! 8,vic>i\s ,atonem5t0 doctr9e ( ,we/]n fai?s to-day is bo? an ecclesia/ical device = increas+ prie/ly p[] & a misappreh5sion ( ! law we h be5 consid]+--! law ( sacrifice1 by :i* ! worlds are made1 by :i* ! worlds are liv+ n[1 & by :i* alone ! union ( man ) ,god is br\ght ab\t4 ,t noble doctr9e ( antiquity 0 *ang$ by ,m$ival ,*ri/ianity into a picture ( ! ,godhead--,fa!r & ,son1 9 opposition to "o ano!r--a picture t 8%ocks all rev]5ce1 & outrages reason by br++ all mann] ( legal quibbles into ! relation%ip betwe5 ! ,_s ( ,god & man40 7,f\r ,anci5t ,religions1 ,annie ,besant1 p4 #aff47 ,aga91 a race ^: reason+ faculties are develop$ mu/ ne$s repudiate ! ,*ur*'s dogma ( 8,imput$ ,righte\sness0--a righte\sness n inwr\ght or atta9$ to1 b appli$ ext]nally--a cov]+ to :at is corrupt & base1 yet deem$ suffici5t to secure a p]functory p>don ( s91 a non-m]it$ ,div9e fav\r4 ,! real ,at-"o-m5t ) ! ,div9e1 :]e( ,jesus ! ,*ri/ is our ,ar*etype1 admits ( no sub/itutions1 no subt]fuges1 makes no fictiti\s claims4 ,x signifies an actual trans=mation or process ( *ange1 ! inn] consci\sness pass+ f ! l[] to function on high] levels ( be+4 ,x is easy1 h[ev]1 to appreh5d h[ ! necessity ( ?9k+ ( all supra-physical ?+s1 i4e4 ! f9] ph5om5a ( exi/5ce1 by means ( analogies & figures ( spee* t are purely physical1 l$ to mu* ( error 9 ! e>li] /ages ( human developm5t2 & !re is a s5se 9 :i* ! 8robe ( righte\sness0 is a n inapt analogy or figure4 ,:5 speak+ ( ! pilgrimage ( ! s\l1 ! picture pres5t$ is t ( a concrete toil]1 asc5d+ sl[ly1 brea?+ heavily1 sigh+ & evid5c+ ef=t to all our out] s5ses1 yet we "k t ! s\l's be/ ef=ts are mo/ly hidd5 f sight & he>+ & t\*4 ,b no confusion arises4 ,! m5tal conception to :i* ! figure po9ts is t ( ef=ts z great ?\gh direct$ to evils t are *iefly m5tal1 emotional1 moral1 n physical4 ,simil>ly1 ! 8robe ( righte\sness0 figure mu/ n be ov]/ra9$4 ,man's s\l is clo!d ^u by1 or clo!s itself 9 7x matt]s n :i*1 we say7 robes or g>m5ts ( fle%1 & ( f9] physical elem5ts ?an fle%1 elem5ts intangible to 8 five s5ses4 ,! fle% g>m5t or body is con/antly *ang+1 & s are ! bodies ( desire & ( ?\ght4 ,! *anges occur ?r\gh ! action & int]play ( div]se subtle =ces4 ,fre% elem5tal matt] is borne 9 f )\t to replace ! atoms ( /ructures t5d+ to decompose1 :ile a process ( selection1 det]m9ation & assimilation proce$s ?r\gh ! action ( =ces )94 ,b ! same laws ( gr[? apply to realms ( nature less op5 to obs]vation1 & a c>eful selection & *oice ( mat]ial is z pot5t & necess>y 9 build+ ! bodies ( desire & ?\ght z 9 build+ ! body ( solid fle%4 ,& :at are ! available mat]ials "h8 ,9 ! hidd5 life ( our own ?\ght & feel+ we are consci\s ( an unceas+ fl[ ( transi5t /ates1 or we may express x1 curr5ts ( emotional & m5tal vibrations rea*+ u f we "k n :5ce1 waves break+ ^u u f )\t4 ,if we delib]ately *oose ! elevat$ moods1 ! pure/1 swifte/ vibrations1 & seek habitually to reta9 ^! & make !m our own1 sweetness & light mu/ inevitably *>act]ize ! habitation we are sl[ly build+ = our inn] consci\sness4 ,9 o!r words1 ! vehicles ( our feel+ & ?\ght w become z 8robes ( righte\sness40 ,desires1 passions1 emotions =m :at has be5 call$ ! a/ral body2#ag aspiration & ?\ght or ! action ( reason1 imag9ation & ! arti/ic faculties1 create a /ill subtl]1 or m9d-body1 :ile ! bl5d ( ! two is :at we are accu/om$ to obs]ve z rul+ "*4 ,& :5 ! physical is ca/ (f at dea?1 man's consci\sness passes into 8 subtle bodies & into regions ( bliss :i!r we may n foll[1 b ( :i* ,/4 ,paul gives u a glimpse :5 he says 8we h a build+ ( ,god1 a h\se n made ) h&s1 ,et]nal 9 ! ,heav5s40 ,footnote #ag3 ,a real body ( subtle matt] int]p5etrat+ ! fle% body & visible to "s clairvoyants4 ,n[1 to m9ds p]meat$ by crud] ideas ( man's body & s\l ! above w seem my/ical & unreal4 ,nev]!less1 !re are _m m9ds1 sci5tifically tra9$ to a close obs]vation ( ! manifold ph5om5a ( life ) all ! f9] =ces & elem5ts 9 nature1 t are ready to accept a tru] conception ( ! complex con/itution ( man4 ,to all su*1 ! pro( ( ! actual exi/5ce ( ^! transc5d5tal vehicles ( consci\sness lies 9 hypnotic & o!r psy*ic ph5om5a1 & 9 ! evid5ce ( exp]i5ce4 ,=1 giv5 a c]ta9 am\nt ( intimate int]c\rse1 & ! man )9 ! man %[s himself to ! eye ( 8 fri5d ?r\gh expression1 attitude1 ge/ure4 ,b :at ! m5tal eye sees beh9d ! veil ( fle% mu/ exi/ 9 "s =m4 ,h5ce ! eye disc]ns n ! consci\sness1 b its ph5om5al g>m5t or vehicle1 & ! texture organiz$ is co>se1 brutal1 degrad$ or animal1 s5su\s1 selfi%1 or ( a f9] & pur] nature1 div9ely human1 indicat+ ! grade & quality ( ! animat+ pr9ciple or s\l )94 ,,summ>y ,pass+ back once m f p]sonal religion1 or ! rise & purification ( ! inn] nature ( ! individual man1 to ! great subject ( religion 9 g5]al1 we mu/ aga9 h rec\rse to physical analogies or figures ( spee*4 ,a mighty /ream or curr5t ( spiritual vibrations has fl[$ f ! beg9n+ beh9d ! circum/ances ( hi/ory2 & ea* bran* ( ! human family has caught up1 reta9$1 & manife/$ a portion !re(4 ,b ! manife/ations h at all times be5 gov]n$ by ! receptive capacity ( ! p>ticul> race & its inh]5t di/9ctions4 ,e =mulat$ religion is ( dual complexion3 fir/1 ! initial motive1 :i* is spiritual2 second1 ! expression1 :i* is due to ideas1 & ^! are furni%$ by ! m9d4 ,! cre$s1 dogmas1 rituals1 are outgr[?s ( ! age1 civilization & locality4 ,*ri/ianity has o/5sibly be5 ! religion ( ,we/]n ,europe dur+ a long p]iod ( developm5t 9 all ! mat]ial appliances ( a civiliz$ life :5 m5tal & physical =ces1 engag$ 9 accumulat+ weal?1 h dom9at$ ?is developm5t & t5d$ to depress & de/roy ! high] impulses & aspirations ( man4 ,*ri/ianity1 already weak5$ by errors t _h crept 91 0 unable to )/& ! corrupt+ influ5ces ( a money-mak+ age4 ,x adapt$ itself to ! /]nly practical bus9ess-l son ( ! ,we/1 & dropp$ out mu* ( ! imag9ative & reflective side ( its tea*+4 ,b ! 8old ord] *ange?10 &1 z has be5 %[n 9 previ\s *apt]s1 "o great dep>tm5t ( civiliz$ life1 viz4 ! prevail+ sy/em ( indu/ry1 is ha/5+ to its dissolution4 ,t sy/em has be5 tri$ 9 ! furnace ( a longsuff]+1 pati5t exp]i5ce1 & f\nd to create national weal? 9 abundance1 :ile utt]ly fail+ to subs]ve g5]al well-be+1 & br+ ab\t a j arrangem5t ( social conditions4 ,?r\gh all ! *annels ( ! nation's be/ ?9k+ !re has s\nd$ l[1 b cle> z a cl>ion note1 a call to social re=m1 & n[1 9 ! dep?s ( indu/rial confusion1 amid dumb despair & l\d-voic$ public discont5t1 ! /ill small voice ( consci5ce speaks audibly1 & a /irr+ ( dry bones ov] ! :ole field ( action1 betok5s ! awak5+ to a new era ( exi/5ce4 ,spiritual vibrations h loos5$ ! f\ndations ( our mat]ializ$1 selfi% life1 & pi]c$ ?r\gh ! cru/ ( call\s indiff]5ce to ! he>t ( ! nation4 ,a new t5d]ness lurks !re4 ,x prompts to ! entire ov]?r[ ( our hide\s indu/rial w>f>e & ! sub/itution ( a well-ord]$ sy/em bas$1 re>$ & ma9ta9$ ?r\gh ! action ( wide-rea*+ love4 ,b love 0 ! di/+ui%+ feature ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity1 & ! g5ius ( its tea*+4 ,?r\gh ! figure ( family life1 ) its t5d] ties1 unselfi% actions & unity ( int]e/s & feel+1 did ,*ri/ianity /rive to allure to ! broad]1 high]1 deep] love t embraces all mank9d & manife/s ?r\gh\t all human relations4 ,pione]s ( ! social revolution may abjure ! *ur*es1 cre$s & rituals1 & boa/ !mselves agno/ic1 b none ! less are !y aid+ ! reembodim5t1 on ?is mat]ial plane1 ( ! true religi\s _s1 or ! bir? ( a religion fitt$ = ! nation's age & civilization4#ah ,footnote #ah3 ,mr4 ,le/] ,f4 ,w>d 79 8 new "w publi%$ 9 #aijc7 =mulates a di/9ction betwe5 human & animal societies by say+ t ! environm5t trans=ms ! animal :ile man trans=ms ! environm5t4 ,?is trans=mation con/itutes :at he calls 8a*ievem5t10 & is ! *>act]i/ic feature 9 human progress4 ,! products ( 8a*ievem5t0 are n mat]ial ?+s4 ,!y are me?ods1 ways1 pr9ciples1 devices1 arts1 sy/ems1 in/itutions4 ,! ,*ur*1 x is true1 gives no =mal c\nt5ance to ! indu/rial revolution1 b t does n disprove my cont5tion t x is ! di/9ctive religi\s movem5t ( ?is age1 & t x is 9 l9e & h>mony ) ! religi\s movem5ts ( =m] ages4 ,^! may seem to h be5 less secul> ?an ?is1 b !y always embrac$ a re=mation ( social & individual life4 ,! actual di/9ction arises f ! ,*ur*'s own defici5cies1 & f ! great] elaboration ( mod]n society1 caus+ an almo/ undue prom95ce to be giv5 to ! outw>d *anges necess>y at ! beg9n+ ( a mod]n re=mation4 ,! ,*ur* mu/ inevitably con=m itself to ! indu/rial revolution4 ,x mu/ re=m itself f )92 & ?is is cle>ly p]ceiv$ by _m ( its memb]s4 ,:il/ ,i write a conf]5ce ( ! ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association is tak+ place4 ,a "q discuss$ 03 8,:at is ! cause ( "y m5's drift+ away f ! ,*ur*80 ,"o speak] rem>k$ t to 8 m9d ! cause 0 ! want ( fixity ( op9ion on ! great fundam5tals ( _! common ,*ri/ianity4 ,"y m5 f\nd t m9i/]s 7 n agre$ ^u :at !y prea*$1 & until ! ,*ur* made up its m9d z to :at 0 really ! tru?1 !re c\ld be no rem$y = ?is drift+4 ,ano!r speak] said he knew "y m5 :o hat$ ! ,*ur*1 & said x 0 n consi/5t4 ,!y po9t$ to ! slum dwell+s 9 _! great cities1 & ask$ :at ! ,*ur* 0 do+ to rem$y ! /ate ( affairs !re disclos$4 ,9 fact1 !y said3 8,salvation is h>dly wor? ! tak+1 x's s mix$ up ) money-mak+4 ,if ! ,*ur* 0 to rea* "y m51 x mu/ take up a m consi/5t attitude ) reg>d to all social que/ions40 7,f ! ,scotsman47 ,b religion is n ( ! ,*ur* alone1 religion app]ta9s to ! totality ( life2 & ! "r ord]+ ( all ! conditions ( ! nation's mat]ial exi/5ce is ! fir/ /ep 9 ! atta9m5t ( a national religi\s life4 ,=1 obs]ve1 ! broad curr5t ( spiritual vibrations encompass+ ! race c h no free c\rse & +ress to ?rill ! n]ves & quick5 ! pulse ( ! nation s long z !re endures a fi]ce1 brutal /ruggle = ! means ( pot5tial life--a /ruggle t h>d5s ! he>t & co>s5s ! fibre ( ri* & poor alike4 ,! movem5t we call ,economic ,socialism is a v]itable recurr5ce ( ! cry ( ! ,prophet ,esaias3 8,prep>e ye ! way ( ! ,"l1 make ,8 pa?s /raight40#ai ,footnote #ai3 ,:at pr(its x to ! human ,prome!us t he has /ol5 ! fire ( heav5 to be 8 s]vant1 & t ! spirits ( ! e>? & ( ! air obey him1 if ! vulture ( paup]ism is et]nally to te> 8 v vitals & keep him on ! br9k ( de/ruction8--,,huxley4 ,! ,*ur* militant mu/ adju/ itself )\t & )9 to ! social indu/rial revolution1 to a wid] developm5t ?an hi!rto 9 man's reason+ p[]s1 & to a pr(\nd impulse 9 man--an impulse born ( exp]i5ce--t is c>ry+ him t[>ds ! va/ region ( philosophic my/icism :i* lies beh9d ! common ,*ri/ian cre$s & doctr9es4 ,! poet caught ! %ad[ ( com+ ev5ts :5 he wrote-- ,s all intol]able wrong %all fade1 ,no bro!r %all a bro!r's rights invade1 ,b all %all *ampion all3 ,!n %all m5 be> ) an unconqu]$ w ,& iron he>t ! inevitable ill2 ,o'er pa91 wrong1 passion1 dea?1 victori\s /ill ,& calm1 ?\gh suns %\ld fall4 ,oh prie/s :o m\rn t rev]5ce is dead1 ,man quits a fad+ fai?1 & asks in/ead ,a wor%ip great & true4 ,i "k t !re 0 once a *ur* :]e m5 ,caught glimpses ( ! gods believ$ 9 !n3 ,i dream t !re %all be su* *ur* aga9-- ,o dream1 come true1 come true4 --,w4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,call4 ,,synopsis ,! _w has a purpose4444 ,t purpose aims n at man z an end1 b works ?r\gh him to great] issues4--,h4 ,g4 ,,wells4 ,man has already fur!r$ evolution v consid]ably1 half unconsci\sly & = 8 own p]sonal advantage1 b he has n yet ris5 to ! conviction t x is 8 religi\s duty to d s delib]ately & sy/ematically4--,,francis ,,galton4 ,m ?an a c5tury has elaps$ s9ce ,pope's l9e 0 writt53 8,! prop] /udy ( mank9d is man10 yet x is only ( rec5t ye>s t physiology has ent]$ ^u ! prop] me?od ( t /udy4 ,discov]ies made 9 ! la/ c5tury h ?r[n fre% light on individual human nature4 ,! m>vell\s pot5cy ( ?\ght has be5 demon/rat$1 & ! mom5t\s fact ( div]se /ates ( basic consci\sness made app>5t--! fact1 namely1 t ! m9d ( individual man is n functionally limit$ to 8 physical consci\sness4 ,aga91 t e human be+ %\ld h fre$om to be happy 0 realiz$ by _m at an e>li] epo*2 b :at ! ess5tial nature might be ( a happ9ess t c\ld satisfy ! conflict+ desires ( humanity diff]5tiat$ 9 all its units--seem$ an insoluble problem4 ,psy*ology1 h[ev]1 indicates ! solution ( t problem1 = x %[s t individual happ9ess is intimately b\nd up )1 & dep5d5t ^u1 g5]al happ9ess4 ,! 8sublim9al or unconsci\s m9d10 o!rwise t]m$ ! sup]-physical consci\sness t is common to all mank9d kn[s no settl$ peace & com=t :ile ! areas ( physically consci\s life are sc5es ( p]petual conflict4 ,man to be truly happy mu/ be s collectively & n m]ely individually or sectionally4 ,n[ ! s*eme ( social re=m ,i advocate po9ts ! way to a unification ( ?\ght t work+ itself out ?r\gh ! div]se *annels ( visible life w eject ! causes ( evil1 br+ ord] :]e *aos has reign$1 & sl[ly b surely e/abli% ! f\ndations ( univ]sal peace4 ,z ,ri*>d ,h>te has well said3 8,human be+s at pres5t are l a numb] ( little magnets ?r[n promiscu\sly into a heap1 ) _! poles po9t+ 9 e direction1 & wa/+ _! /r5g? 9 oppos+ ea* o!r4 ,^! little magnets h to po9t 9 ! same direction t !y may become b\nd toge!r into "o great magnet1 all p[]ful to attract good1 all p[]ful to repel evil40 ,! new sy/em ( action bases its ?\ght on ! complexity ( human nature4 ,x recognizes t ! compon5t cells ( ! physical body are lives :i* mu/ suff] if ! laws ( _! well-be+ are n subs]v$1 & ! suff]+ translates itself into pa9 or into sub-consci\s di/ressful melan*oly4 ,x p]ceives t ! social in/9cts ( man hi!rto ?ru/ back & cru%$ are3 8! v>i\s ne$s ( univ]sal attraction all t5d+ t[>ds unity1 /riv+ to meet & m+le 9 f9al h>mony0 7,zola74 ,& fur!r x appreh5ds t a l(ty aspiration--a div9e impulse--hov]s on ! ?re%old ( consci\sness wait+ to ent] z brutal passions & vici\s prop5sities are conqu]$ & dispossess$4 ,! evils t infe/ & corrupt our social life & t man mu/ delib]ately uproot & elim9ate be=e g5]al happ9ess becomes possible are--pov]ty1 i4e4 a life-long /ruggle to obta9 food1 %elt]1 clo?+2 ! bir? ( individuals weak & unfit2 disease1 premature dea?2 en=c$ celibacy2 late m>riage2 drunk5ness2 disorganization ( family life2 pro/itution2 w>2 & indu/rial competition2 social inju/ice & inequality2 individual tyranny2 crime2 b>b>\s treatm5t ( crim9als2 disrespect ( natural function & consequ5t injury to heal?2 conv5tional folly2 social repression ( innoc5t enjoym5t2 religi\s bigotry2 ! feebl5ess ( religi\s guidance & confusion ( religi\s ?\ght4 ,p>tial views ( society z well z ( individual human nature h hi!rto prevail$ & giv5 bir? to specifics ( all k9ds = ! cure ( ! diseases ( society1 & ^! 9 ! gr[+ t5d]ness ( humanity1 h be5 eag]ly adopt$ & appli$1 to prove disappo9t+ 9 ! ma94 ,! new sy/em deals ) society z a :ole & ?r\gh\t all its p>ts4 ,x requires a full compreh5sion ( ea* & all ! gr\ps or classes ( social ph5om5a & _! int]-relations4 ,view+ society z a :ole1 we realize t !re are no rem$ial specifics 9 ! case1 t g5]al happ9ess w be obta9$ only by a process ( evolution1 & t ! process is "o ( cont9ual readju/m5t ( multitud9\s relations1 or unceas+ adaptation ( individual human life to a social environm5t1 & ( social environm5t to individual human life4 ,! evolution ( social environm5t proce$s t[>ds ! highe/ e?ical /ate :i* implies a sy/em ( society bas$ ^u ju/ice & equality4 ,b ! realization ( ?is /ate requires a p]fect$ humanity1 h5ce ! pa? ( progress is also 9 ! gradual improvem5t ( individuals--! creation ( a sup]ior race ^: spontane\s impulses w con/ruct & support a p]fect$ social sy/em4 ,unconsci\s evolution has c>ri$ u =w>d f savag]y ?r\gh _m transitions to a /ate ( civilization :i*1 ?\gh grossly imp]fect1 conta9s )9 x a new elem5t ( advance4 ,"h & !re ?r\gh\t society ! p[] ( love & reason comb9$ has become /rong1 & aid$ by a sci5tific k ( man & ! conditions ( 8 life1 x is capable ( design1 & ( int5sify+ ! action ( evolution>y =ces & imm5sely increas+ _! mom5tum4 ,reason1 h[ev]1 mu/ inv5t an effective policy ( meliorism :i* s unites ! practical me?ods ( re=m z t ea* w add /r5g? to all1 & ! result prove a p[]ful factor ( *ange 9 ! society on :i* x is br\ght to be>4 ,! /rife ( competition ?r\gh\t ! :ole sph]e ( indu/rial life gives free play to selfi%ness & ! passion ( militancy1 & p]meates society ) ! w>like _s4 ,advance 9 morals is ! sure /ep to a bett] & happi] future2 b man's moral nature is l>gely condition$ by h]$ity1 tra9+ & environm5t1 :ile ^!1 at pres5t1 are all unfav\rable to a high moral /ate4 ,a progressive sy/em ( g5]al re=m !re=e has to embrace & comb9e rational bre$+1 rational tra9+ & a rational ord] ( life 9 :i* sympa?y & co-op]ation w take ! place ( individual competition1 & g5]al happ9ess--n weal?--be ! cle> aim ( man4 ,! consci\s elem5t 9 evolution is z yet too weak to alt] society mu* or rapidly1 b 9 all civiliz$ c\ntries--,g]many1 ,france1 ,belgium1 etc41 z well z ,great ,brita91--*anges t[>ds ! collective control ( l& & capital & ! reorganization ( indu/ry on collectivi/ pr9ciples1 h begun1 & x is ( supreme importance t o!r *anges1 equally necess>y1 %\ld be initiat$ to advance p>i-passu ) ^?4 ,a c5tral s\rce ( corruption is to be f\nd 9 ! dis9tegration ( ! anci5t family gr\p--! unfitness ( an ar*aic dome/ic sy/em to a*ieve ! ends ( rational tra9+ & ! acquir+ ( habits ( rational bre$+4 ,at ! same "t !re is a gr[? 9 social feel+ & a spread ( public op9ion 9 fav\r ( indu/rial socialism ) "s legislative & local action to c>ry x out1 t toge!r1 pres5t conditions propiti\s to *ange 9 dome/ic liv+ & sexual cu/om4 ,consequ5tly a recon/ruction ( dome/ic life on mod]n pr9ciples among educat$ p fitt$ to adapt life to moral ends is pre-em95tly a feature ( ! new ord]4 ,at pres5t excessive lab\r on ! "p ( ! prolet>iat1 & en=c$ idl5ess on ! "p ( _m m5 & wom5 )9 ! classes1 are fatal to progress4 ,vital =ces are exhau/$ on ! "o h&1 repress$ on ! o!r1 :ile ! sub-consci\s feel+ t craves unity & solid>ity is outrag$ & re/ra9$4 ,to re/ore "w to its legitimate place 9 human life is a prim>y aim ( ! new dome/ic sy/em4 ,t sy/em mu/ be built up on ! pr9ciple t "w = ! b5efit ( all is ! duty & privilege ( ea*1 & )\t a due %>e ( social lab\r no normal man or woman 9 heal? c atta9 to inw>d peace4 ,z reg>ds religion1 man's ab/ract ?\ght mu/ purge itself f mat]ializ$ ideals1 8 concrete ?\ght f selfi% aims1 = he is ess5tially a religi\s be+ & psy*ical /udies affirm t )9 him !re lie lat5t faculties t relate him to worlds unse5--worlds z yet unrealizable 9 human consci\sness4 ,9 ! visible _w religi\s =ces mu/ be direct$ to ! great "w ( social re=m4 ,to unselfi%ly promote ! welf>e ( g5]ations unborn is a pr(\ndly religi\s c\rse ( action4 ,! pure/1 noble/ feel+s ( man may be enli/$ 9 ! cause ( progress ?r\gh union--= social recon/ruction1 sci5tific education1 g5tle tra9+ ( ! "y1 associat$ dome/ic life1 facilitation ( happy m>riage--& = ! com=t ( all mank9d1 :e!r good or bad1 clev] or dull1 =tunate or un=tunate4 ,co-op]ation 9 "w to ! bani%m5t ( idl5ess & its accompany+ mis]y ennui is ! prim>y object ( ! new dome/ic sy/em1 b o!r ends to atta9 are--economy1 by means ( jo9t lab\r & jo9t exp5se to ! relief ( monet>y anxieties & dome/ic worries2 /ability ( social position1 i4e4 no memb] ne$+ to fe> t 8 home w break up indep5d5tly ( 8 wi%es2 social int]c\rse & enjoym5t reliev$ ( conv5tional etiquette or tyranny2 fre$om = fri5d%ip betwe5 ! sexes & su* conditions ( family union z w promote m5tal capacity & altrui/ic s5tim5t 9 ea* individual2 e>ly m>riage )\t disreg>d ( social responsibility & bas$ ^u mutual k ( "*1 habits & ta/es2 a fitt+ refuge = old age1 r5d]+ impossible ! premature de/ruction ( valuable social =ces :i* age alone c supply1 & secur+ ! mat]ial1 intellectual & emotional surr\nd+s necess>y = com=t up to ! la/ mom5t ( life4 ,9 ! l[] social /rata :]e any recon/ruction ( family life is n yet possible1 :at is imm$iately requir$ is a gradual rise ( wages ) /eady improvem5t 9 all ! conditions ( indu/rial lab\r4 ,society also mu/ rel9qui% su* patronage ( ! poor z fo/]s _! too rapid increase1 und]m9es _! self-dep5d5ce & t5ds g5]ally to det]ioration ( race4 ,p>5tal responsibility mu/ be /rongly inculcat$ & /rictly upheld4 ,public tea*+ %\ld be giv5 9 all natural laws affect+ society1 especially ! laws ( heal?1 increase1 & h]$ity2 &1 "u conditions respectful to human dignity1 ,mal?usian doctr9e %\ld be taught1 & a k ( neo-,mal?usian me?od v c>efully imp>t$4 ,9 ! high] social /rata )9 ! newly con/ruct$ mod]n homes sexual conduct & p>5tage ) its f>-rea*+ results = good or evil mu/ be controll$ or guid$ into ! pa? ( racial reg5]ation4 ,! sci5tific /udy ( man's nature gives sexual passion an hon\rable position relatively to human life4 ,x re/s on ! consci5ce ( ea* adult g5]ation z an imp]ative social duty to influ5ce ! "y g5]ation 9 su* wise z t ?is great passion %all subs]ve physical & social heal? & cease to create degradation4 ,a due activity 9 gr[+ organs /r5g!ns organic function2 !re=e1 ) e>ly m>riages & fre$om to "y love1 *eck$ only by sci5tific k ( ! laws ( heal?1 propagation at ! age ( maturity is b\nd to put =? vitality ( good quality4 ,9 consci\s evolution sexual functions are no long] reg>d$ z ess5tially alli$ ) propagation4 ,!y are reg>d$1 h[ev]1 z prop]ly subject 9 y\? to p>5tal & social control2 & t control acts z a p]petual re/ra9t ^u lic5ti\s1 dissolute t5d5cies & a %ield to ! "y love t seeks p]sonal happ9ess consi/5t ) dome/ic purity4 ,no less pot5t is ! action ( control 9 ano!r direction4 ,physiology ( sex & ! laws ( inh]itance are c>efully /udi$ by gu>dians ( dome/ic peace :o1 reject+ ! ord9>y & vulg> conception accept ! tea*+ ( sci5ce1 & sci5ce po9ts to philoprog5itiv5ess1 or love ( (fspr+1 z ! prop] motor =ce 9 reproduction4 ,7 ?is =ce ! antec$5t cause ( p>5tage ?r\gh\t ! nation1 disease & premature dea? w\ld be und]m9$ & gradually subside4 8,indiscrim9ate survival0 gives way be=e t 8rational selection & bir? ( ! fit0 :i* is a fundam5tal condition ( social well-be+--! ma/]-spr+ to a rapid evolution ( g5]al happ9ess4 ,! transition1 h[ev]1 f our pres5t /ate ( confus$ s5tim5t1 illogical ?\ght1 & disa/r\s action 9 ! field ( eug5ics or /irpiculture1 to cle>ness ( purpose & consi/5cy ( life1 mu/ necess>ily be a "w ( extreme delicacy & pati5t endeav\r4 ,its a*ievem5t requires ! nuclei ( collectivi/ homes4 ,its nurture mu/ take place 9 ! bosom ( a sup]ior dome/ic life4 ,! process1 9 %ort1 implies an alt]ation 9 humanity itself1 to be br\ght ab\t by su* prep>atory alt]ation 9 outw>d conditions z w set up & br+ into play ! con/ant int]action ( new social =ces4 ,individualism 9 dome/ic life vitiates ! movem5t t[>ds socialism outside dome/ic life1 = x gives u mis%ap5 units unfit = a bett] social sy/em--a sy/em t seeks to bani% tyranny1 despotism1 pride1 self-w & e anti-social emotion 9 ord] to e/abli% ! p]fect ju/ice & equality t are ess5tial to ! highe/ e?ical /ate4 ,x is a necessity ( socialism to lay hold ( ! family & fa%ion x anew s t x may produce a sup]ior mat]ial ( human life1 i4e4 individual m5 & wom5 ^: enjoym5ts lie *iefly 9 sympa?y & ^: spontane\s impulses are t[>ds an ess5tially social life4 ,& fur!r1 n only is our pres5t dome/ic sy/em :olly incapable ( deal+ ) sex relations s z to adapt !m to /irpiculture1 n only is x s feeble z to be absolutely impot5t 9 ! regulation ( ! conduct ( mascul9e y\? outside its b\nd>ies1 b x is de/itute also ( elem5ts requir$ 9 ! organiz+ ( a progressive educational sy/em4 ,home education has almo/ disappe>$ 9 ! dis9tegration ( family life1 :ile 9 society ! /rong =ces ( aggregation :i* "u div]se conditions ( indu/ry & conv5tion gr\p mank9d 9 sections h m\ld$ s*ools to massive proportions4 ,! y\? ( ! nation is 9 a great measure cut (f f ! home influ5ces :i* are calculat$ to tea* mank9d 8humanities1 n 9 ! academic b 9 ! real s5se40 ,x is congregat$ 9 univ]sities & l>ge s*ools = sup]ior culture & day s*ools = culture ( a less exalt$ ord]4 ,9 ! =m]1 "y m5 & maid5s are sep>at$4 ,dome/icity--! quality 9 human nature on :i* dep5ds ! consolidation ( society1 is disreg>d$1 :il/ to ! developm5t ( mutual int]e/s1 aff9ity ( ta/es1 h>mony ( habits & unanimity ( social aims betwe5 ! sexes no att5tion is paid dur+ ! pla/ic p]iod ( life :5 individual "* is 9 process ( det]m9ation4 ,9 day s*ools boys & girls are (t5 associat$1 b "u su* conditions ( me*anical r\t9e1 cramm+1 conflict+ & alt]nat+ au?orities1 irregul> & erratic =ces ( moral control1 z to make ^! s*ools provocative ( evil1 fo/]+ e anti-social in/9ct ( man4 ,co-ord9ation 9 ! life ( ! "y is ! dem& ( ! new sy/em ( g5]al re=m4 ,! nurs]y1 s*ool & playgr\nd mu/ be h>moniz$1 & ! entire juv5ile orbit1 )9 & )\t ! home1 gov]n$ by intellectual & moral =ces ( fix$ congruity4 ,! object & aim ( true education is ! fulle/ developm5t ( an individual's be/ p[]s ( ?\ght1 feel+1 action1 by means ( _! happy ex]cise at e /age ( gr[? f *ildhood to maturity4 ,n[ book-le>n+ or culture 9 s*ools accompli%es v little1 b a direct /udy ( nature is an incomp>able aid to ?is end4 ,ea* object & process 9 nature f t ( ! inf9itely great to ! inf9itely small--if fitt+ly dealt ) by tea*]s--is in/9ct ) *>m = ! "y ( an intellig5t race4 ,x excites imag9ation1 awak5s ?\ght1 k9dles en?usiasm1 /imulates e lat5t m5tal faculty1 :ile ! endless v>iation ( beauty 9 nature--"u tra9+ to close obs]vation--makes ae/hetic appeal to ! s5se p]ceptions1 & 9 call+ =? wond]1 admiration1 delight adds ri*ness immeasurably to ! quality ( human life4 ,nev]!less ! spr+s & *ecks ( a true education lie deep 9 a _w ( feel+4 ,= _! ex]cise home-life is indisp5sable4 ,family love is ! prim>y motor =ce 9 ! education ( ! feel+s1 & )\t ! pres5ce ( a wide dome/ic circle habitually fo/]+ ! sympa!tic & repress+ ! selfi% emotions no high wat]-m>k ( civilization w be rea*$4 ,!re is 9 man a gr\p ( emotions ( comp>atively rec5t orig9 requir+ sci5tific treatm5t ( ! utmo/ delicacy & precision4 ,on ! fur!r developm5t ( t gr\p dep5ds 9 a v special mann] ! rapid evolution ( an e?ical social sy/em4 ,! gr\p is ?reefold--egoi/ic1 altrui/ic1 moral4 ,x comprises a s5se ( p]sonal rights1 a sympa!tic jeal\sy = ! rights ( o!rs1 an intellectual & moral s5tim5t ( ju/ice1 or equival5ce ( lib]ty & social com=t = all mank9d4 ,! fir/ elem5t is already v p]ceptible ?r\gh\t society4 ,! second is m r>e2 x mu/ be /r5g!n$ or assidu\sly creat$ 9 ! nurs]y1 s*oolroom & dome/ic circle by a sy/em ( tra9+ ^: *>act]i/ic is extreme g5tl5ess4 ,! t5d] %oots ( sympa!tic jeal\sy are incapable ( gr[? 9 an environm5t ( h>% s\nd or brutal =ce4 ,h5ce ! au?ority t begets antagonism has no place 9 ! p]fect$ education ( ! future4 ,z ! "y em]ge f *ildhood ! responsibilities ( life become aids 9 education1 & imm5sely develop ! above emotions4 ,discipl9e ( conduct )9 _! own ord] app]ta9s to ! "y2 :il/ society1 )9 & )\t ! dome/ic circle1 dem&s ! ?or\gh regulation ( "y life4 ,conduct clubs & comb9ations = a v>iety ( social ends1 bo? sexes tak+ "p1 arise among ! "y2 & ^! promote 9 ! highe/ degree ! heal?y gr[? ( su* virtu\s emotion & habits 9 ! individual z are indisp5sable to e?ical socialism4 ,! me?od adopt$ is a j & intellig5t criticism to :i* ! y\?ful m9d has previ\sly be5 tra9$4 ,s9ce pride ( bir?1 pride ( weal? & habits ( dom9ation & luxury are all unfav\rable to ! gr[? ( a moral s5tim5t ( social ju/ice1 x is n 9 ! upp] ranks ( society we ne$ look = ! public _s t w devise me?ods ( gradually equaliz+ ! lab\r ( life & its rew>ds & und]m9+ pres5t class di/9ctions4 ,z little likely is ! s5tim5t ( social ju/ice to spr+ spontane\sly 9 a =tunate capitali/ class :]e pride ( acquisition /rongly opposes ! pr9ciple t rew>d %\ld n be proportion$ to p]sonal capacity--t m5tal lab\r has no title to inord9ate di/9ction1 b t o!r useful ex]tion e?ically requires fullness ( rew>d4 ,recon/ruction is necess>ily a gr[? f bel[4 ,f ! prolet>iat comes ! impulse t[>ds indu/rial recon/ruction1 & x is 9 ! middle class--& ! less weal?y section ( t class--t ! be+s exi/ :o by segregation may =m collectivi/ homes capable ( by-&-bye aggregat+ into ! solid f\ndation ( a pure & elevat$ republican society4 ,education 9 ^! homes :]e mixture ( ages1 f ! :ite-hair$ c5t5>ian to ! infant 9 arms1 creates all mann] ( t5d] ties1 :]e g5tl5ess & love are ! ma9 /imuli 9 tra9+1 :]e au?ority is ex]cis$ consi/5tly & reasonably1 & replac$ at maturity by reason & self-control--mu/ ev5tuate 9 ! production ( a sup]ior moral & intellectual type4 ,! ord] ( social evolution1 comput$ r\ghly1 is z foll[s3 ,9 ! fir/ /age1 social equality exi/s2 x is an epo* ( savag]y4 ,9 ! second /age1 diff]5tiation issu+ 9 class di/9ctions takes place2 ! bir? ( social inequality & inju/ice aris+ naturally ?r\gh ex]cise ( sup]ior brute =ce & cunn+4 ,civilization has "h its g5esis2 & co]cion1 tyranny1 robb]y1 inju/ice1 av>ice1 love ( p[]1 inequality1 are /imuli ( civilization & prime elem5ts 9 ! =mation ( /rong nations4 ,individuals :o are inf]ior1 !n :ole classes socially weak1 are compell$ by =ces1 individual & social1 to m9i/] to ! wants ( ! /rong & sup]ior4 ,civilization nurtur$ by inequality & inju/ice develops 9 ! sup]ior classes ( society & sl[ly spreads d[nw>ds4 ,9 ! ?ird /age1 reaction occurs1 prompt$ by civilization itself6 ,ju/ice & lib]ty develop 9 ! l[] or inf]ior social classes & spread v sl[ly upw>ds )\t de/roy+ a civilization1 become inh]5t 9 ! sup]ior type ( man4 ,! f\r? /age is "o ( readju/m5t 9 :i* civilization becomes g5]al & !re is a gradual return to social equality4 ,ultimately society w h no class di/9ctions ( ! pres5t ord]1 no idl]s or p>asites1 no poor & no co]cive gov]nm5t4 ,volunt>y co-op]ation or conc]t$ action = social ends is a self-regulat+1 self-controll+ =ce :i*1 :5 fully develop$ 9 ! new dome/ic & indu/rial sy/ems is able to dom9ate society ?r\gh\t its l5g? & bread?4 ,! pa? ( social re=m ,i advocate has n[1 9 its ma9 features1 be5 plac$ be=e my read]s4 ,outside ! g5]al policy t w cause ! direct action ( ! sy/em to become a great factor ( social *ange1 h[ev]1 !re are sundry c\rses ( less direct action1 x is b\nd to pursue4 ,^! be> relation to1 fir/1 paup]ism & patronage ( ! poor2 second1 ! prolet>iat2 ?ird1 ! crim9al classes2 f\r?1 ! position ( woman2 fif?1 ! "y2 six?1 conv5tionalism2 sev5?1 political action4 ,9 ! fir/ relation ! specific policy is to c>efully discrim9ate betwe5 b5evol5ce t is b5eficial & b5evol5ce t is mis*iev\s 9 its results on social well-be+4 ,:il/ ex]cis+ ! =m]1 x gives no support to *>ities t hurt ! indep5d5ce ( ! poor1 or relieve !m ( p>5tal responsibility4 ,9 reproduction x disc\nt5ances & opposes ! social =ce ( indiscrim9ate selection :i* results 9 survival ( ! unfit4 ,x seeks to initiate & press =w>d ! c\nt]act+ social =ce ( intellig5t selection1 :i* br+s ab\t ! bir? ( ! fit4 ,9 ! second relation1 ! specific policy /r5u\sly supports comb9ations ( work]s = ! rais+ ( wages1 mutual help & democratic political aims prep>atory to g5]al socialism4 ,9 ! ?ird relation1 ! specific policy /rives to enlight5 public op9ion ^u ! nature ( crime & ! philosophic pr9ciples ( its treatm5t4 ,x elaborates a new me?od 9 :i* v9dictiv5ess1 ! ess5ce ( puni%m5t1 has no exi/5ce2 b g5tl5ess t[>ds all evil-do]s issues 91 fir/1 ! effectual protection ( society2 second1 ! re=m ( corrigible crim9als2 ?ird1 ! gradual ext9ction ( crime4 ,x urges ^u gov]nm5t a cauti\s delib]ate adoption ( ?is me?od4 ,9 ! f\r? relation1 ! action ( ! policy is to promote ! enfran*isem5t ( wom51 & at e po9t aid ! movem5t ( advance to ! position ( social equality ( sex4 ,9 ! fif? & six? relations1 x inculcates by admonition & example1 & especially among ! "y1 a return to simplicity ( mann]s1 habits & dress4 ,x repudiates conv5tional etiquette1 & opposes ! tyranny ( fa%ion4 ,x promotes ! association ( ! sexes 9 y\? "u condition ( adult control1 :e!r ! union be t ( m>riage1 ( fri5d%ip or ( simple int]c\rse & companion%ip4 ,x disc\nt5ances & takes no "p 9 ! excitem5ts ( an artificial1 frivol\s society1 b x creates & fo/]s ! vigorat+ excitem5ts ( useful lab\r1 alt]nat+ ) uncon/ra9$ & 8tranquil delights40 ,9 ! sev5? relation1 ! specific policy agitates = alt]ation ( ! m>riage laws1 ! laws ( inh]itance ( prop]ty & ! l& laws4 ,equality ( sex is requir$ z ! basis ( ! m>riage law1 accompani$ by ! condition ( easy divorce 9 ord] to facilitate ! dissolution ( false ties 9 fav\r ( ! true4 ,! laws affect+ *ildr5 require adaptation to ! e?ics ( social ju/ice & sex equality4 ,laxity mu/ give way to /rictness 9 respect ( p>5tage2 & *ild-bir? be recogniz$ z an ev5t be>+ directly ^u ! int]e/s ( ! g5]al public4 ,h5ce modification "h entails ! recognition ( illegitimate *ildr5 & ! c\nt]act+ ( ! vici\s t5d5cy to %irk p>5tal duty & social responsibility4 ,! l& & prop]ty laws mu/ be adju/$ to a levell+ process--! action ( p>+ d[n l>ge e/ates & dim9i%+ ! massive proportions ( private prop]ty s sl[ly z to create no individual suff]+ or social confusion1 su* legislative measures be+ direct$1 h[ev]1 to l& nationalization & nationalization ( capital z _! f9al aim4 ,9 conclusion1 let me add1 ,i claim to h %[n t 8sci5ce 9 ! economic field gives c]ta9 facts f :i* a l9e ( social evolution may be =e%ad[$10 & t religion & sci5ce give1 9 wid] fields1 facts & pr9ciples t po9t to l9es ( illimitable progression = man4 8,:e!r ^! l9es w be foll[$ dep5ds n ^u immutable laws beyond our control1 b ^u ! human w40 ,! g5]al policy ,i advocate is di/9ctly reliable s long z x re/s on sci5tific me?ods & k1 b no "q is f9ally exhau/$4 ,9 ! sph]e ( rational re=m free-?\ght mu/ ev] be consid]$ & respect$4 ,new occasions tea* new duties2 ,"t makes anci5t good unc\?2 ,!y mu/ upw>d /ill & onw>d1 ,:o w\ld keep abrea/ ( tru?4 ,,index ,a ,abyss9ians1 ,!1 #acd ,acquisitiv5ess1 #bac ,adl]1 ,h]mann1 #bah ,adolesc5ce1 #beg-bff1 #cce1 #cda ,adult]ation1 #de ,ae/hetic s5tim5t1 #aig-bjj1 #bjc1 #baa1 #bae ,ag$1 ,!1 #bfi-bgb1 #cca1 #cch ,all51 ,dr4 ,na?an1 #abj ,amiel1 #aj ,&]son1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,a41 #cjf ,anxiety1 #aag ,arabs1 ,!1 #acd ,arians1 #bii ,arifura1 ,!1 #bje ,ari/otle1 #bce ,arkwright1 #bf ,arnold1 ,mat!w1 #aej1 #bdi ,asceticism1 #ae1 #ih1 #aje1 #aaj1 #aac1 #adf1 #aef ,associat$ ,homes1 #bgf-bhc ,association1 ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian1 #cbb ,a/ral body1 #cag ,atonem5t doctr9e1 #cae ,b ,balf\r1 ,a4 ,j41 #bca ,b>daisan1 #cja ,bebel1 ,augu/1 #aab1 #aai1 #adi ,besant1 ,annie1 #cjf1 #cae ,bick]ton1 ,a4 ,w41 #bfh1 #bgb ,bir?-rate1 #hj-ic1 #aji1 #bfe ,bi%op1 ,mrs41 #bfd ,blackley1 ,canon1 #ia ,bon1 ,dr4 ,le1 #aig1 #baa ,bosanquet1 ,mrs4 ,b41 #fe ,bread-bak+1 #gb ,buddhism1 #bic-bie1 #cjj1 #cjc ,bu%m51 ,!1 #acb ,c ,capital1 #be1 #da1 #ee1 #cbi ,capitali/s1 #bf1 #da1 #bjh1 #cch ,c>lyle1 ,?omas1 #e1 #afc ,c>p5t]1 ,edw>d1 #af1 #ai1 #adb-add1 #adh ,c>r1 ,g4 ,%oobridge1 #he1 #ib ,celibacy1 #ij1 #ie1 #aaa1 #abf-abi1 #ach1 #agb ,celsus1 #bih ,*att]ji1 ,j4 ,c41 #a1 #bie ,*e/]field1 ,"l1 #aii ,*ildr51 #c1 #bcc1 #bch-bec1 #bha ,*ildr51 ,tra9+ (1 #agf-agi1 #ahh-aid1 #aig1 #bcg-bec1 #bfd1 #bha1 #bhb1 #cca1 #cce-cch ,*ur*1 ,!1 #cba-cbc ,civilization1 #ch-dj1 #dd1 #bjd1 #bjf1 #baf1 #bcc1 #bdh1 #bej1 #big1 #cai1 #cbh1 #cci ,clairvoyance1 #i ,cl>ke1 ,william1 #bc1 #df ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 #bih ,co*rane1 ,baillie1 #ahj ,combe1 ,george1 #agj ,communism1 #ei ,consci\sness1 #bij-bie1 #cjc1 #cac-cah1 #cbe ,co-op]ation1 #ea1 #cca1 #cci ,craig1 ,e4 ,t41 #agh ,criticism1 ,p]sonal1 #bgh ,crime1 #aba1 #afc-ahb1 #cdj ,crim9als1 #fg1 #hb1 #aba1 #abb1 #afd-ahb1 #cdj ,crockett1 ,s4 ,r41 #agd ,culture1 #g1 #ac1 #ie ,d ,dairy produce1 #gj ,dalton1 #bje ,d>w91 ,*>les1 #hj1 #hc1 #ia1 #ic1 #if1 #abe ,dea?-rate1 #hi-ic1 #aaj ,deg5]ation ( race1 #hc1 #ia1 #aae1 #abc1 #aei1 #ccb ,dhimal1 ,!1 #bje ,disease1 #ia1 #ii1 #aae-abj1 #abd1 #aej1 #agj1 #bae ,divorce1 #ace1 #acf1 #cda ,dome/ic re=m1 #bdd1 #bfe1 #bfh-bhc1 #ccj1 #ccd1 #cch ,du ,cane1 ,sir ,e41 #afd ,duncan1 ,ma!ws1 #abf ,e ,ea/on1 ,abel1 #bgi ,economics1 #ba-ge ,education1 #aae1 #aff1 #agd1 #agg-agi1 #ahb1 #bcd-bec1 #cca1 #cce-cch ,education1 ,/ate1 #ff-fi1 #bdd1 #bfi ,ellis1 ,havelock1 #ajc-aje1 #adb ,eliot1 ,george1 #e1 #f1 #ab1 #aae1 #bbb ,em]son1 ,r4 ,w41 #aci ,emigration1 #ic ,emp$ocles1 #bii ,environm5t1 #bjd1 #bci1 #bej1 #bec1 #cba1 #cbh ,escott1 ,t4 ,h4 ,s41 #bgc ,e/lake1 ,allan1 #bgi1 #bhj ,eug5ics1 #aad-acj1 #aif1 #bhc1 #ccj1 #ccc1 #ccd1 #cdj ,f ,fabian ,essays1 #be ,factories1 #be1 #bg-cj1 #ee1 #bji ,fa%ion1 #bjj1 #bde1 #cca1 #cda ,f9ck1 ,h5ry1 #bfd1 #bfe ,fitz-,/eph51 ,judge1 #afd1 #afg ,food1 #bc1 #cd1 #ci1 #gi1 #hd1 #ib ,fre$om1 #af ,free-w1 #bib ,g ,galton1 ,francis1 #id1 #abf-abi1 #agb1 #cbe ,gaskell1 ,g4 ,a41 #aji1 #aeg ,g$des1 ,patrick1 #id1 #aeg ,george1 ,h5ry1 #cb1 #dc ,g9x's ,baby1 #aee ,gno/ics1 ,!1 #bii-cja ,goodness1 #d1 #ah1 #aje1 #bjf ,gov]nm5t1 #baa ,greg1 ,w4 ,ra?bone1 #ii1 #ajj ,h ,happ9ess1 #a-ai1 #ih1 #adf1 #ahh1 #bah1 #bcb1 #bff1 #bgj1 #bgb1 #cbe-cbi ,h>dy1 ,?omas1 #beh1 #bfc ,h>mony1 ,new1 #cj ,h>rison1 ,clif=d1 #bec ,h>rison1 ,fr$]ic1 #de ,h>te1 ,ri*>d1 #aca1 #cbf ,heal?1 #aaf1 #abi1 #aif1 #ccc ,he>n1 ,lafcadio1 #cjc1 #cjd ,h5ry1 ,ar?ur1 #bci ,h]$ity1 #ajh1 #aad1 #abj-abd1aeh1 #afi1 #bcg1 #cjd1 #cje1 #cjg1 #cbi ,hill1 ,fr$]ick1 #afh1 #afi1 #aga ,h9duism1 #bhi1 #bia1 #bib ,h9ton1 ,james1 #ajc ,hobson1 ,john ,a41 #ba1 #cc1 #df1 #ea1 #gd1 #bcb ,hook]1 ,sir ,w41 #bje ,horticulture1 #aie ,hos1 ,!1 #bje ,hott5tots1 ,!1 #acd ,h[ells1 ,w4 ,d41 #bac ,huxley1 ,t4 ,h41 #i1 #ab1 #gi1 #ib1 #if1 #bad1 #bda1 #bdi1 #beh1 #cjd1 #cbc ,i ,ibs51 ,h41 #ajd ,individual ,rights1 #ahe-bjj1 #bcc1 #bej1 #cci ,indu/ry1 ,organiz$1 #dh1 #ea-ge1 #baj ,indu/rial ,revolution1 #bc-ej ,indu/ries1 ,r\t9e1 #gb ,int]e/1 #ed1 #eg ,j ,jakuns1 ,!1 #bje ,jamieson1 ,mrs41 #bbc ,jeal\sy1 #acg1 #ach1 #bjc1 #bah-bbh1 #bci ,jews1 ,!1 #acd ,joli1 ,h5ri1 #abb ,josephus1 #cjj ,ju/ice1 #ahh-aif1 #bcj1 #bcc1 #bej1 #bhb1 #bia1 #bif1 #cje1 #cbh1 #cch ,k ,k&yans1 ,!1 #acb ,k>ma1 #bia1 #bid1 #bii1 #cjc ,l ,lab\r]s1 #be1 #ca1 #cd1 #cf1 #dj-dc1 #gb 8,laissez-faire10 #ha1 #hb1 #ih1 #aff ,lange1 #abe ,l&lords1 #bd1 #cc-dd1 #ed1 #bji ,l& ,problem1 #cc-dd1 #cbi1 #cdb ,laveleye1 ,emil de1 #aa ,law ( ,causation1 #bia ,leadbeat]1 ,c4 ,w41 #bii ,lecky1 ,w4 ,e4 ,h41 #aaa1 #ach1 #bjb ,legge1 #bic ,legislation1 #fa-fe1 #cci ,lep*as1 ,!1 #bje ,less+1 #cjh ,let\rneau1 ,*>les1 #cc ,levy1 ,j4 ,h41 #bjj ,lewes1 ,g4 ,h41 #ajb ,liszt1 ,von1 #abb ,lodge1 ,sir ,oliv]1 #i1 #bhg ,l(ft1 ,capel1 #bdh ,logos1 ,!1 #bij1 #cab ,luxury1 #g ,m ,ma*9]y1 #bf1 #ee1 #bdj1 #bgb1 #bge ,maet]l9ck1 ,m41 #ajc ,mahan1 ,capta91 #bcj ,mallet1 ,lucas1 #bhb ,mal?us1 #gi1 #hc1 #ic1 #if1 #abg ,mani*eans1 #bii1 #cjj ,m>riage1 #abf-abh1 #aca-adh1 #bai1 #bhc1 #cca1 #cda ,m>riage-rate1 #hf-ij1 #abf ,m>t9eau1 ,h>riet1 #aaj1 #bfh1 #bgj ,mass>t1 ,jean1 #bgd ,mass+ham1 ,h4 ,w41 #bfb1 #bfe ,ma!ws1 ,ju/ice1 #afd1 #afe ,maudsley1 ,dr4 ,h5ry1 #aag1 #abc1 #bcg ,mead1 ,g4 ,r4 ,s41 #cja ,m]$i?1 ,george1 #aif 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