,! ,apology ( ! ,augsburg ,confession   
by ,philip ,melan*?on  ,translat$ by ,f4
 ,b5te &  ,w4 ,h4 ,t4 ,dau    ,?is text 
0 conv]t$ to ,,ascii =mat = ,project    
,witt5b]g by ,all5 ,mulvey4 ,please     
direct any comm5ts or sugge/ions to3    
,rev4 ,rob]t ,e4 ,smi? ( ! ,wal!r       
,libr>y at ,concordia ,!ological        
,sem9>y4  ,e-mail3 smi?remail4ctsfw4edu 
,surface ,mail3 #ffjj ,n4 ,cl9ton ,/41  
,ft4  ,wayne1 ,,9 #dfhbe ,,usa ,phone3  
7#bfj7 #deb-cadi                        
,fax3 7#bfj7 #deb-babf    ,! ,apology ( 
! ,augsburg ,confession 7#aeca7  ,table 
( ,cont5ts  ,philip ,melan*?on's        
,introduction to ! ,apology ,"p ,"o3 ,on
 ,articles ,i-,,ii ( ! ,augu/ana ,"p    
,two3 ,on ,articles ,,iii-,,iv ( !      
,augu/ana ,"p ,?ree3 ,:at is ,ju/ify+   
,fai?8 ,"p ,f\r3 ,t ,fai? 9 ,*ri/       
,ju/ifies ,"p ,five3 ,t ,we ,obta9      
,remission ( ,s9s by ,fai? ,alone 9     
,*ri/ ,"p ,six3 ,on ,article ,,iii3     
,love & ! ,fulfill+ ( ! ,law ,"p ,sev53 
,reply to ! ,argum5ts ( ! ,adv]s>ies ,"p

 ,eight3 ,cont9uation (3 ,reply to !    
,argum5ts444 ,"p ,n9e3 ,second          
,cont9uation (3 ,reply to ! ,argum5ts444
 ,"p ,t53 ,?ird ,cont9uation (3 ,reply  
to ! ,argum5ts444 ,"p ,elev53 ,articles 
,sev5 & ,eight ( ! ,augu/ana ,"p        
,twelve3 ,article ,n9e ( ! ,augu/ana ,"p
 ,?irte53 ,article ,t5 ( ! ,augu/ana ,"p
 ,f\rte53 ,article ,elev5 ( ! ,augu/ana 
,"p ,fifte53 ,article ,twelve ( !       
,augu/ana ,"p ,sixte53 ,article ,six ( !
 ,augu/ana 7,pt4 #a7 ,"p ,sev5te53      
,article ,six ( ! ,augu/ana 7,pt4 #b7   
,"p ,eighte53 ,article ,sev5 ( !        
,augu/ana ,"p ,n9ete53 ,article ,f\rte5 
( ! ,augu/ana ,"p ,tw5ty3 ,article      
,fifte5 ( ! ,augu/ana ,"p ,tw5ty-,"o3   
,article ,sixte5 ( ! ,augu/ana ,"p      
,tw5ty-,two3 ,article ,sev5te5 ( !      
,augu/ana ,"p ,tw5ty-,?ree3 ,article    
,eighte5 ( ! ,augu/ana ,"p ,tw5ty-,f\r3 
,article ,n9ete5 ( ! ,augu/ana ,"p      
,tw5ty-,five3 ,article ,tw5ty ( !       
,augu/ana ,"p ,tw5ty-,six3 ,article     
,tw5ty-,"o ( ! ,augu/ana ,"p            

,tw5ty-,sev53 ,article ,tw5ty-,two ( !  
,augu/ana ,"p ,tw5ty-,eight3 ,article   
,tw5ty-,?ree ( ! ,augu/ana ,"p          
,tw5ty-,n9e3 ,article ,tw5ty-,f\r ( !   
,augu/ana ,"p ,?irty3 ,a ,def9ition ( ! 
t]m ,sacrifice ,"p ,?irty-,"o3 ,:at !   
,fa!rs ,?\ght ,ab\t ,sacrifice ,"p      
,?irty-,two3 ,( ! ,use ( ! ,sacram5t &  
,sacrifice ,"p ,?irty-,?ree3 ,( ! ,t]m  
,mass ,"p ,?irty-,f\r3,( ! ,mass = !    
,dead ,"p ,?irty-,five3 ,( ,mona/ic ,v[s
 ,"p ,?irty-,six3 ,( ,ecclesiatical ,p[]
 ,"p ,?irty-,sev53 ,end   ,,introduction
   ,,! ,,apology ,,( ,,! ,,confession4  
,philip ,melan*?on ,pres5ts ,8 ,greet+  
to ! ,read]4  ,:]e=e we believe t       
tr\bles & dang]s = ! glory ( ,*ri/ & !  
good ( ! ,*ur* %\ld be endur$1 & we are 
confid5t t ?is our fidelity to duty is  
approv$ ( ,god1 & we hope t ! judgm5t ( 
po/]ity conc]n+ u w be m j4  ,= x is    
und5iable t _m topics ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e
 ^: exi/5ce 9 ! ,*ur* is ( ! greate/    
mom5t h be5 br\ght to view by our       
!ologians & expla9$2 9 ref]5ce to :i* we

 are n dispos$ "h to rec\nt "u :at sort 
( op9ions1 & h[ dang]\s1 !y =m]ly lay   
cov]$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! monks1 canoni/s1 & 
sophi/ical !ologians4  ,?is may h to be 
done lat]4  ,we h ! public te/imonials (
 _m good m51 :o give ,god ?anks = ?is   
greate/ bless+1 namely1 t conc]n+ _m    
necess>y topics x has taught bett] ?+s  
?an are read ev]y:]e 9 ! books ( our    
adv]s>ies4  ,we %all comm5d our cause1  
!re=e1 to ,*ri/1 :o "s "t w judge ^!    
controv]sies1 & we besee* ,him to look  
^u ! afflict$ & scatt]$ *ur*es1 & to br+
 !m back to godly & p]petual concord4   
,!re=e1 if ! kn[n & cle> tru? is trodd5 
"u foot1 we w resign ?is cause to ,god &
 ,*ri/ 9 heav51 :o is ! ,fa!r ( orphans 
& ! ,judge ( wid[s & ( all ! =sak51 :o  
7z we c]ta9ly "k7 w judge & pass s5t5ce 
^u ?is cause aright4  ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 
x is ,?y holy ,gospel1 x is ,?y cause2  
look ,?\ ^u ! _m tr\bl$ he>ts &         
consci5ces1 & ma9ta9 & /r5g!n 9 ,?y tru?
 ,?y *ur*es & little flocks1 :o suff]   
anxiety & di/ress f ! devil4 ,conf\nd   

all hypocrisy & lies1 & grant peace &   
unity1 s t ,?y glory may advance1 & ,?y 
k+dom1 /rong aga9/ all ! gates ( hell1  
may cont9ually gr[ & increase4     ,"p  
#a   ,article ,i3 ,( ,god4  ,! ,fir/    
,article ( our ,confession our adv]s>ies
 approve1 9 :i* we decl>e t we believe &
 tea* t !re is "o div9e ess5ce1         
undivid$1 etc41 & yet1 t !re are ?ree   
di/9ct p]sons1 ( ! same div9e ess5ce1 & 
coet]nal1 ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/4   
,?is article we h always taught &       
def5d$1 & we believe t x has1 9 ,holy   
,scripture1 sure & firm te/imonies t _c 
be ov]?r[n4  ,& we con/antly affirm t ^?
 ?9k+ o!rwise are outside ( ! ,*ur* (   
,*ri/1 & are idolat]s1 & insult ,god4   
,article ,,ii 7,i73 ,( ,orig9al ,s94  ,!
 ,second ,article1 ,( ,orig9al ,s91 !   
adv]s>ies approve1 b 9 su* a way t !y1  
nev]!less1 c5sure ! def9ition ( orig9al 
s91 :i* we incid5tally gave4  ,"h1      
imm$iately at ! v ?re%old1 ,8 ,imp]ial  
,maje/y w discov] t ! writ]s ( !        
,confutation 7 defici5t n only 9        

judgm5t1 b also 9 c&or4  ,= :]eas we1 ) 
a simple m9d1 desir$1 9 pass+1 to rec\nt
 ^? ?+s :i* orig9al s9 embraces1 ^! m51 
by fram+ an invidi\s int]pretation1     
artfully di/ort a proposition t has 9 x 
no?+ :i* ( itself is wrong4  ,?us !y    
say3 ,to be )\t ! fe> ( ,god1 to be )\t 
fai?1 is actual guilt2 & !re=e !y d5y t 
x is orig9al guilt4  ,x is q evid5t t   
su* subtilties h orig9at$ 9 ! s*ools1 n 
9 ! c\ncil ( ! ,emp]or4  ,b al?\gh ?is  
sophi/ry c be v easily refut$2 yet1 9   
ord] t all good m5 may und]/& t we tea* 
9 ?is matt] no?+ t is absurd1 we ask    
fir/ ( all t ! ,g]man ,confession be    
exam9$4  ,?is w free u f ! suspicion (  
novelty4  ,= !re x is writt53 ,weit]    
wird gelehrt1 dass na* dem ,fall ,adams 
alle ,m5s*51 s natu]li* gebor5 w]d51 9  
,su5d5 empfang5 und gebor5 w]d551 das   
i/1 dass sie alle von ,mutt]leibe an    
voll boes] ,lue/e und ,neigung s9d1 ke9e
 wahre ,gottesfur*t1 ke95 wahr5 ,glaub5 
an ,gott von ,natur hab5 ko5n54 ,x is   
fur!r taught t s9ce ! ,fall ( ,adam all 

m5 :o are naturally born are conceiv$ & 
born 9 s91 i4e41 t !y all1 f _! "m's    
womb1 are full ( evil desire &          
incl9ation1 & c h by nature no true fe> 
( ,god1 no true fai? 9 ,god4 ,?is       
passage te/ifies t we d5y to ^?         
propagat$ accord+ to c>nal nature n only
 ! acts1 b also ! p[] or gifts ( produc+
 fe> & tru/ 9 ,god4  ,= we say t ^? ?us 
born h concupisc5ce1 & _c produce true  
fe> & tru/ 9 ,god4  ,:at is !re "h ) :i*
 fault c be f\nd8  ,to good m51 we ?9k1 
inde$1 t we h exculpat$ ourselves       
suffici5tly4  ,= 9 ?is s5se ! ,lat9     
description d5ies to nature ev5 to      
innoc5t infants ! p[]1 i4e41 x d5ies !  
gifts & en]gy by :i* to produce fe> &   
tru/ 9 ,god1 &1 9 adults ov] & above ?is
 innate evil disposition ( ! he>t1 also 
! acts1 s t1 :5 we m5tion concupisc5ce1 
we und]/& n only ! acts or fruits1 b !  
con/ant incl9ation ( ! nature ! evil    
incl9ation )91 :i* does n cease z long z
 we are n born anew ?r\gh ! ,_s & fai?4 
,b h]eaft] we w %[ m fully t our        

description agrees ) ! usual & anci5t   
def9ition4  ,= we mu/ fir/ %[ our design
 9 pref]r+ to employ ^! words 9 ?is     
place4  ,9 _! s*ools ! adv]s>ies confess
 t ! mat]ial1 z !y call x1 ( orig9al s9 
is concupisc5ce4 ,:]e=e1 9 fram+ !      
def9ition1 ?is %\ld n h be5 pass$ by1   
especially at ?is "t1 :5 "s are         
philosophiz+ conc]n+ x 9 a mann]        
unbecom+ tea*]s ( religion are speak+   
conc]n+ ?is innate1 wick$ desire m aft] 
! mann] ( hea!n f philosophy ?an accord+
 to ,god's ,^w1 or ,holy ,scripture4  ,=
 "s cont5d t orig9al s9 is n a depravity
 or corruption 9 ! nature ( man1 b only 
s]vitude1 or a condition ( mortality n  
an innate evil nature1 b only a blemi%  
or impos$ load1 or burd51 :i* ^?        
propagat$ f ,adam be> because ( ! guilt 
( ano!r namely1 ,adam's s91 & )\t any   
depravity ( _! own4  ,besides1 !y add t 
no "o is condemn$ to et]nal dea? on     
acc\nt ( orig9al s91 j z ^? :o are born 
( a bond-woman are slaves1 & be> ?is    
condition )\t any natural blemi%1 b     

because ( ! calamity ( _! "m :ile1 (    
!mselves1 !y are born )\t fault1 l o!r  
m53 ?us orig9al s9 is n an innate evil b
 a defect & burd5 :i* we be> s9ce ,adam1
 b we are n on t acc\nt p]sonally 9 s9 &
 inh]it$ disgrace4 ,to %[ t ?is impi\s  
op9ion is displeas+ to u1 we made m5tion
 ( concupisc5ce1 &1 ) ! be/ int5tion1 h 
t]m$ & expla9$ x z diseases1 t ! nature 
( m5 is born corrupt & full ( faults n a
 "p ( man1 b ! entire p]son ) its entire
 nature is born 9 s9 z ) a h]$it>y      
disease4  ,nor1 inde$1 h we only made   
use ( ! t]m concupisc5ce1 b we h also   
said t ! fe> ( ,god & fai? are want+4   
,?is we h add$ ) ! foll[+ design3 ,!    
s*ola/ic tea*]s also1 n suffici5tly     
und]/&+ ! def9ition ( orig9al s91 :i* !y
 h receiv$ f ! ,fa!rs1 ext5uate ! s9 (  
orig94 ,!y cont5d conc]n+ ! fomes or    
evil incl9ation t x is a quality (      
blemi% 9 ! body1 &1 ) _! usual folly1   
ask :e!r ?is quality be d]iv$ f !       
contagion ( ! apple or f ! brea? ( !    
s]p5t1 & :e!r x be increas$ by rem$ies4 

,) su* que/ions !y h suppress$ ! ma9    
po9t4 ,!re=e1 :5 !y speak ( ! s9 (      
orig91 !y d n m5tion ! m s]i\s faults ( 
human nature1 to wit1 ignorance ( ,god1 
contempt = ,god1 be+ de/itute ( fe> &   
confid5ce 9 ,god1 hatr$ ( ,god's        
judgm5t1 flight f ,god z f a tyrant :5  
,he judges1 ang] t[>d ,god1 despair (   
grace1 putt+ "o's tru/ 9 pres5t ?+s     
money1 prop]ty1 fri5ds1 etc4 ,^!        
diseases1 :i* are 9 ! highe/ degree     
contr>y to ! ,law ( ,god1 ! s*ola/ics d 
n notice2 yea1 to human nature !y       
mean:ile ascribe unimpair$ /r5g? = lov+ 
,god above all ?+s1 & = fulfill+ ,god's 
comm&m5ts accord+ to ! sub/ance ( !     
acts2 nor d !y see t !y are say+ ?+s t  
are contradictory to "o ano!r4 ,= :at   
else is ! be+ able 9 "o's own /r5g? to  
love ,god above all ?+s1 & to fulfil ,8 
comm&m5ts1 ?an to h orig9al righte\sness
 to be a new creature 9 ,p>adise1       
entirely pure & holy8  ,b if human      
nature h su* /r5g? z to be able ( itself
 to love ,god above all ?+s1 z !        

s*ola/ics confid5tly affirm1 :at w      
orig9al s9 be8  ,= :at w !re be ne$ ( ! 
grace ( ,*ri/ if we c be ju/ifi$ by our 
own righte\sness p[]s8  ,= :at w !re be 
ne$ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ if human /r5g? c by 
itself love ,god above all ?+s1 & fulfil
 ,god's comm&m5ts8  ,:o does n see :at  
prepo/]\s ?\ghts our adv]s>ies ent]ta98 
,! light] diseases 9 ! nature ( man !y  
ackn[l$ge1 ! m sev]e !y d n ackn[l$ge2 &
 yet ( ^!1 ,scripture ev]y:]e admoni%es 
u1 & ! prophets con/antly compla9 z !   
#ac? ,psalm1 & "s o!r psalms say ,ps4   
#ad1 #a-c2 #e1 #i2 #adj1 #c2 #cf1 #a1   
namely1 ( c>nal security1 ( ! contempt (
 ,god1 ( hatr$ t[>d ,god1 & ( simil>    
faults born ) u4  ,= ,scripture cle>ly  
says t all ^! ?+s are n bl[n at u1 b    
born ) u4 ,b aft] ! s*ola/ics m+l$ )    
,*ri/ian doctr9e philosophy conc]n+ !   
p]fection ( nature light ( reason1 &    
ascrib$ to ! free w & ! acts spr++      
!refrom m ?an 0 suffici5t1 & taught t m5
 are ju/ifi$ be=e ,god by philosophic or
 civil righte\sness 7:i* we also confess

 to be subject to reason1 & 9 a measure1
 )9 our p[]71 !y c\ld n see ! inn]      
uncleanness ( ! nature ( m54  ,= ?is _c 
be judg$ except f ! ,^w ( ,god1 ( :i* ! 
s*ola/ics1 9 _! discussions1 d n        
frequ5tly treat4  ,^! 7 ! reasons :y1 9 
! description ( orig9al s91 we made     
m5tion ( concupisc5ce also1 & d5i$ to   
man's natural /r5g? ! fe> ( ,god & tru/ 
9 ,him4  ,= we wi%$ to indicate t       
orig9al s9 conta9s also ^! diseases1    
namely1 ignorance ( ,god1 contempt =    
,god1 ! be+ de/itute ( ! fe> ( ,god &   
tru/ 9 ,him1 inability to love ,god4    
,^! are ! *ief faults ( human nature1   
conflict+ especially ) ! fir/ table ( ! 
,decalog4  ,nei!r h we said any?+ new4  
,! anci5t def9ition und]/ood aright     
expresses precisely ! same ?+ :5 x says3
 ,orig9al s9 is ! abs5ce ( orig9al      
righte\sness a lack ( ! fir/ purity &   
righte\sness 9 ,p>adise4  ,b :at is     
righte\sness8  ,"h ! s*ola/ics wrangle  
ab\t dialectic que/ions1 !y d n expla9  
:at orig9al righte\sness is4  ,n[1 9 !  

,scriptures1 righte\sness comprises n   
only ! second table ( ! ,decalog reg>d+ 
good works 9 s]v+ our fell[-man1 b !    
fir/ also1 :i* tea*es conc]n+ ! fe> (   
,god1 conc]n+ fai?1 conc]n+ ! love (    
,god4  ,!re=e orig9al righte\sness 0 to 
embrace n only an ev5 temp]am5t ( !     
bodily qualities p]fect heal? &1 9 all  
respects1 pure blood1 unimpair$ p[]s ( !
 body1 z !y cont5d1 b also ^! gifts1    
namely1 a q c]ta9 k ( ,god1 fe> ( ,god1 
confid5ce 9 ,god1 or c]ta9ly ! rectitude
 & p[] to yield ^! affections b !       
greate/ feature 9 t noble fir/ creature 
0 a bright light 9 ! he>t to "k ,god &  
,8 "w1 etc44  ,& ,scripture te/ifies to 
?is1 :5 x says1 ,g54 #a1 #bg1 t man 0   
fa%ion$ 9 ! image & lik5ess ( ,god4     
,:at else is ?is ?an t !re 7 embodi$ 9  
man su* wisdom & righte\sness z         
appreh5d$ ,god1 & 9 :i* ,god 0 reflect$1
 i4e41 to man !re 7 giv5 ! gifts ( ! k (
 ,god1 ! fe> ( ,god1 confid5ce 9 ,god1 &
 ! l8 ,= ?us ,ir5aeus & ,ambrose        
int]pret ! lik5ess to ,god1 ! latt] (   

:om n only says _m ?+s to ?is effect1 b 
especially decl>es3 ,t s\l is n1 !re=e1 
9 ! image ( ,god1 9 :i* ,god is n at all
 times4  ,& ,paul %[s 9 ! ,epi/les to ! 
,ephesians1 #e1 #i1 & ,colossians1      
#c1aj1 t ! image ( ,god is ! k ( ,god1  
righte\sness1 & tru?4  ,nor does        
,longob>d fe> to say t orig9al          
righte\sness is ! v lik5ess to ,god :i* 
,god implant$ 9 man4  ,we rec\nt !      
op9ions ( ! anci5ts1 :i* 9 no way       
int]f]e ) ,augu/9e's int]pretation ( !  
image4  ,!re=e ! anci5t def9ition1 :5 x 
says t s9 is ! lack ( righte\sness1 n   
only d5ies ob$i5ce ) respect to man's   
l[] p[]s t man is n only corrupt 9 8    
body & its meane/ & l[e/ faculties1 b   
also d5ies ! k ( ,god1 confid5ce 9 ,god1
 ! fe> & love ( ,god1 or c]ta9ly ! p[]  
to produce ^! affections ! light 9 !    
he>t :i* creates a love & desire = ^!   
matt]s4  ,= ev5 ! !ologians !mselves    
tea* 9 _! s*ools t ^! are n produc$ )\t 
c]ta9 gifts & ! aid ( grace4  ,9 ord] t 
! matt] may be und]/ood1 we t]m ^! v    

gifts ! k ( ,god1 & fe> & confid5ce 9   
,god4  ,f ^! facts x appe>s t ! anci5t  
def9ition says precisely ! same ?+ t we 
say1 d5y+ fe> & confid5ce t[>d ,god1 to 
wit1 n only ! acts1 b also ! gifts & p[]
 to produce ^! acts t we h no good he>t 
t[>d ,god1 :i* truly loves ,god1 n only 
t we are unable to d or a*ieve any      
p]fectly good "w4  ,( ! same import is !
 def9ition :i* occurs 9 ! writ+s (      
,augu/9e1 :o is accu/om$ to def9e       
orig9al s9 z concupisc5ce wick$ desire4 
,= he means t :5 righte\sness _h be5    
lo/1 concupisc5ce came 9 its place4  ,= 
inasmu* z diseas$ nature _c fe> & love  
,god & believe ,god1 x seeks & loves    
c>nal ?+s4  ,god's judgm5t x ei!r       
contemns :5 at ease1 or hates1 :5       
?or\ghly t]rifi$4  ,?us ,augu/9e        
includes bo? ! defect & ! vici\s habit  
:i* has come 9 its place4  ,nor inde$ is
 concupisc5ce only a corruption ( !     
qualities ( ! body1 b also1 9 ! high]   
p[]s1 a vici\s turn+ to c>nal ?+s4  ,nor
 d ^? p]sons see :at !y say :o ascribe  

to man at ! same "t concupisc5ce t is n 
entirely de/roy$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 &    
love to ,god above all ?+s4  ,we1 !re=e1
 h be5 "r 9 express+1 9 our description 
( orig9al s91 bo? namely1 ^! defects3 ! 
n be+ able to believe ,god1 ! n be+ able
 to fe> & love ,god2 &1 likewise3 ! hav+
 concupisc5ce1 :i* seeks c>nal ?+s      
contr>y to ,god's ,^w1 i4e41 seeks n    
only ! pleasure ( ! body1 b also c>nal  
wisdom & righte\sness1 &1 contemn+ ,god1
 tru/s 9 ^! z god ?+s4  ,nor only !     
anci5ts l ,augu/9e & o!rs1 b also ! m   
rec5t tea*]s & s*ola/ics1 at lea/ ! wis]
 ones among !m1 tea* t orig9al s9 is at 
! same "t truly ^! namely1 ! defects :i*
 ,i h rec\nt$ & concupisc5ce4  ,= ,?omas
 says ?us3 ,orig9al s9 compreh5ds ! loss
 ( orig9al righte\sness1 & ) ?is an     
inord9ate disposition ( ! p>ts ( ! s\l2 
:5ce x is n pure loss1 b a corrupt habit
 some?+ positive4  ,& ,bonav5tura3 ,:5 !
 "q is ask$1 ,:at is orig9al s98  ,!    
correct answ] is1 t x is immod]ate      
un*eck$ concupisc5ce4  ,! correct answ] 

is also1 t x is want ( ! righte\sness t 
is due4  ,& 9 "o ( ^! replies ! o!r is  
includ$4  ,! same is ! op9ion ( ,hugo1  
:5 he says t orig9al s9 is ignorance 9 !
 m9d & concupisc5ce 9 ! fle%4  ,= he    
!reby indicates t :5 we are born1 we br+
 ) u ignorance ( ,god unbelief1 di/ru/1 
contempt1 & hatr$ ( ,god4 ,= :5 he      
m5tions ignorance1 he includes ^!4  ,&  
^! op9ions ev5 ( ! mo/ rec5t tea*]s also
 agree ) ,scripture4 ,= ,paul sometimes 
expressly calls x a defect a lack (     
div9e light1 z #a ,cor4 #b1 #ad3 ,!     
natural man receive? n ! ?+s ( ! ,_s (  
,god4  ,9 ano!r place1 ,rom4 #g1 #e1 he 
calls x concupisc5ce work+ 9 our memb]s 
to br+ =? fruit unto dea?4 ,we c\ld cite
 m passages relat+ to bo? p>ts1 b 9     
reg>d to a manife/ fact !re is no ne$ ( 
te/imonies4  ,& ! intellig5t read] w    
readily be able to decide t to be )\t ! 
fe> ( ,god & )\t fai? are m ?an actual  
guilt4  ,= !y are abid+ defects 9 our   
unr5ew$ nature4  ,9 ref]5ce to orig9al  
s9 we !re=e hold no?+ diff]+ ei!r f     

,scripture or f ! ,*ur* ca?olic1 b      
cleanse f corruptions & re/ore to light 
mo/ important decl>ations ( ,scripture &
 ( ! ,fa!rs1 t _h be5 cov]$ ov] by !    
sophi/ical controv]sies ( mod]n         
!ologians4  ,= x is manife/ f ! subject 
itself t mod]n !ologians h n notic$ :at 
! ,fa!rs meant :5 !y spake ( defect lack
 ( orig9al righte\sness4  ,b ! k (      
orig9al s9 is necess>y4  ,= ! magnitude 
( ! grace ( ,*ri/ _c be und]/ood no "o c
 he>tily long & h a desire = ,*ri/ = !  
inexpressibly great treasure ( div9e    
favor & grace :i* ! ,gospel (f]s1 unless
 our diseases be recogniz$4  ,z ,*ri/   
says ,matt4 #i1 #ab2 ,m>k #b1 #ag3 ,!y t
 are :ole ne$ n a physician4 ,! entire  
righte\sness ( man is m]e hypocrisy &   
abom9ation be=e ,god1 unless we         
ackn[l$ge t our he>t is naturally       
de/itute ( love1 fe>1 & confid5ce 9 ,god
 t we are mis]able s9n]s :o are 9       
disgrace ) ,god4  ,= ?is reason !       
prophet ,j]emiah1 #ca1 #ai1 says3 ,aft] 
t ,i 0 in/ruct$1 ,i smote ^u my ?igh4   

,likewise ,ps4 #aaf1 #aa3 ,i said 9 my  
ha/e1 ,all m5 are li>s1 i4e41 n ?9k+    
aright conc]n+ ,god4  ,"h our adv]s>ies 
inveigh aga9/ ,lu!r also because he     
wrote t1 ,orig9al s9 rema9s aft]        
,baptism4 ,!y add t ?is article 0 ju/ly 
condemn$ by ,leo ,x4 ,b ,8 ,imp]ial     
,maje/y w f9d on ?is po9t a manife/     
sl&]4  ,= our adv]s>ies "k 9 :at s5se   
,lu!r int5d$ ?is rem>k t orig9al s9     
rema9s aft] ,baptism4  ,he always wrote 
?us1 namely1 t ,baptism removes ! guilt 
( orig9al s91 al?\gh ! mat]ial1 z !y    
call x1 ( ! s91 i4e41 concupisc5ce1     
rema9s4  ,he also add$ 9 ref]5ce to !   
mat]ial t ! ,holy ,gho/1 giv5 ?r\gh     
,baptism1 beg9s to mortify !            
concupisc5ce1 & creates new movem5ts a  
new light1 a new s5se & _s 9 man4  ,9 ! 
same mann]1 ,augu/9e also speaks :o     
says3 ,s9 is remitt$ 9 ,baptism1 n 9 su*
 a mann] t x no long] exi/s1 b s t x is 
n imput$4  ,"h he confesses op5ly t s9  
exi/s1 i4e41 t x rema9s al?\gh x is n   
imput$4  ,& ?is judgm5t 0 s agreeable to

 ^? :o succe$$ him t x 0 recit$ also 9 !
 decrees4  ,also aga9/ ,julian1 ,augu/9e
 says3 ,! ,law1 :i* is 9 ! memb]s1 has  
be5 annull$ by spiritual reg5]ation1 &  
rema9s 9 ! mortal fle%4 ,x has be5      
annull$ because ! guilt has be5 remitt$ 
9 ! ,sacram5t1 by :i* believ]s are born 
aga92 b x rema9s1 because x produces    
desires aga9/ :i* believ]s cont5d4  ,our
 adv]s>ies "k t ,lu!r believes & tea*es 
?us1 & :ile !y _c reject ! matt]1 !y    
nev]!less p]v]t 8 words1 9 ord] by ?is  
artifice to cru% an innoc5t man4  ,b !y 
cont5d t concupisc5ce is a p5alty1 & n a
 s9 a burd5 & impos$ p5alty1 & is n su* 
a s9 z is subject to dea? &             
condemnation4  ,lu!r ma9ta9s t x is a   
s94  ,x has be5 said above t ,augu/9e   
def9es orig9al s9 z concupisc5ce4 ,if   
!re be any?+ disadvantage\s 9 ?is       
op9ion1 let !m qu>rel ) ,augu/9e4       
,besides ,paul says1 ,rom4 #g1 #g4 #bc3 
,i _h n kn[n lu/ 7concupisc5ce71 except 
! ,law _h said1 ,?\ %alt n covet4       
,likewise3 ,i see ano!r law 9 my memb]s1

 w>r+ aga9/ ! law ( my m9d1 & br++ me   
into captivity to ! law ( s9 :i* is 9 my
 memb]s4  ,^! te/imonies c be ov]?r[n by
 no sophi/ry4  ,all devils1 all m5 _c   
ov]?r[ !m4 ,= !y cle>ly call            
concupisc5ce s91 :i*1 nev]!less1 is n   
imput$ to ^? :o are 9 ,*ri/ al?\gh by   
nature x is a matt] wor?y ( dea? :]e x  
is n =giv54  ,?us1 beyond all           
controv]sy1 ! ,fa!rs believe4  ,=       
,augu/9e1 9 a long discussion refutes ! 
op9ion ( ^? :o ?\ght t concupisc5ce 9   
man is n a fault b an adiaphoron1 z     
color ( ! body or ill heal? is said to  
be an adiaphoron z to h a black or a    
:ite body is nei!r good nor evil4  ,b if
 ! adv]s>ies w cont5d t ! fomes or evil 
incl9ation is an adiaphoron1 n only _m  
passages ( ,scripture b simply ! entire 
,*ur* & all ! ,fa!rs w contradict !m4   
,= ev5 if n entire cons5t1 b only !     
incl9ation & desire be !re :o ev] d>$ to
 say t ^! matt]s1 ev5 ?\gh p]fect       
agreem5t c\ld n be atta9$1 7 adiaphora1 
namely1 to d\bt conc]n+ ,god's wra?13   

conc]n+ ,god's grace1 conc]n+ ,god's    
,^w1 to be angry at ! judgm5ts ( ,god1  
to be provok$ because ,god does n at    
once deliv] "o f afflictions1 to murmur 
because ! wick$ enjoy a bett] =tune ?an 
! good1 to be urg$ on by wra?1 lu/1 !   
desire = glory1 weal?1 etc48  ,& yet    
godly m5 ackn[l$ge ^! 9 !mselves1 z     
appe>s 9 ! ,psalms & ! prophets4  ,= all
 tri$1 ,*ri/ian he>ts "k1 alas6 t ^!    
evils are wrapp$ up 9 man's sk91 namely 
to e/eem money1 goods1 & all o!r matt]s 
m highly ?an ,god1 & to sp5d our lives 9
 security2 aga91 t aft] ! mann] ( our   
c>nal security we always imag9e t ,god's
 wra? aga9/ s9 is n z s]i\s & great z x 
v]ily is4  ,aga91 t we murmur aga9/ !   
do+ & w ( ,god1 :5 ,he does n succor u  
spe$ily 9 our tribulations1 & arranges  
our affairs to please u4  ,aga91 we     
exp]i5ce e day t x hurts u to see wick$ 
p 9 good =tune 9 ?is _w1 z ,david & all 
! sa9ts h compla9$4 ,ov] & above ?is1   
all m5 feel t _! he>ts are easily       
inflam$1 n[ ) ambition1 n[ ) ang] &     

wra?1 n[ ) lewdness4 ,b 9 ! s*ools !y   
transf]r$ hi!r f philosophy notions     
entirely diff]5t1 t1 because ( passions1
 we are nei!r good nor evil1 we are     
nei!r des]v+ ( praise nor blame4        
,likewise1 t no?+ is s91 unless x be    
volunt>y inn] desires & ?\ghts are n    
s9s1 if ,i d n altoge!r cons5t !reto4   
,^! notions 7 express$ among philosoph]s
 ) respect to civil righte\sness1 & n ) 
respect to ,god's judgm5t4  ,= !re x is 
true1 z ! juri/s say1 ,l4 cogitationis1 
?\ghts are exempt f cu/om & puni%m5t4   
,b ,god se>*es ! he>ts2 9 ,god's c\rt & 
judgm5t x is diff]5t4 ,) no great]      
prud5ce !y add also o!r notions1 su* z1 
t ,god's creature & nature is n _c 9    
itself be evil4  ,9 its prop] place we d
 n c5sure ?is2 b x is n "r to twi/ x    
into an ext5uation ( orig9al s94  ,&1   
nev]!less1 ^! notions are read 9 ! works
 ( s*ola/ics1 :o inappropriately m+le   
philosophy or civil doctr9e conc]n+     
e?ics ) ! ,gospel4  ,nor 7 ^! matt]s    
only disput$ 9 ! s*ools1 b1 z is usually

 ! case1 7 c>ri$ f ! s*ools to ! p4  ,& 
^! p]suasions godless1 errone\s1        
dang]\s1 h>mful tea*+s prevail$1 &      
n\ri%$ confid5ce 9 human /r5g?1 &       
suppress$ ! k ( ,*ri/'s grace4  ,!re=e1 
,lu!r wi%+ to decl>e ! magnitude (      
orig9al s9 & ( human infirmity :at a    
griev\s mortal guilt orig9al s9 is 9 !  
sight ( ,god1 taught t ^! remnants (    
orig9al s9 aft] ,baptism are n1 by _!   
own nature1 adiaphora 9 man1 b t1 = _!  
non-imputation1 !y ne$ ! grace ( ,*ri/  
&1 likewise = _! mortification1 ! ,holy 
,gho/4  ,al?\gh ! s*ola/ics ext5uate bo?
 s9 & puni%m5t :5 !y tea* t man by 8 own
 /r5g?1 c fulfil ! comm&m5ts ( ,god2 9  
,g5esis ! puni%m5t1 impos$ on acc\nt (  
orig9al s91 is describ$ o!rwise4  ,= !re
 human nature is subject$ n only to dea?
 & o!r bodily evils1 b also to ! k+dom (
 ! devil4 ,= !re1 ,g54 #c1 #af1 ?is     
fe>ful s5t5ce is proclaim$3 ,i w put    
enmity betwe5 !e & ! woman1 & betwe5 ?y 
se$ & h] se$4  ,! defects & !           
concupisc5ce are puni%m5ts & s9s4 ,dea? 

& o!r bodily evils & ! dom9ion ( !      
devil1 are prop]ly puni%m5ts4  ,= human 
nature has be5 deliv]$ into slav]y1 & is
 held captive by ! devil1 :o infatuates 
x ) wick$ op9ions & errors1 & impels x  
to s9s ( e k9d4  ,b j z ! devil _c be   
conqu]$ except by ! aid ( ,*ri/1 s by   
our own /r5g? we _c free ourselves f ?is
 slav]y4  ,ev5 ! hi/ory ( ! _w %[s h[   
great is ! p[] ( ! devil's k+dom4  ,! _w
 is full ( blasphemies aga9/ ,god & (   
wick$ op9ions1 & ! devil keeps entangl$ 
9 ^! b&s ^? :o are wise & righte\s _m   
hypocrites :o appe> holy 9 ! sight ( !  
_w4  ,9 o!r p]sons gross] vices manife/ 
!mselves4  ,b s9ce ,*ri/ 0 giv5 to u to 
remove bo? ^! s9s & ^! puni%m5ts1 & to  
de/roy ! k+dom ( ! devil1 s9 & dea?1 x w
 n be possible to recognize ! b5efits ( 
,*ri/ unless we und]/& our evils4  ,=   
?is reason our prea*]s h dilig5tly      
taught conc]n+ ^! subjects1 & h deliv]$ 
no?+ t is new b h set =? ,holy          
,scripture & ! judgm5ts ( ! holy ,fa!rs4
  ,we ?9k t ?is w satisfy ,8 ,imp]ial   

,maje/y conc]n+ ! pu]ile & trivial      
sophi/ry ) :i* ! adv]s>ies h p]v]t$ our 
article4  ,= we "k t we believe aright &
 9 h>mony ) ! ,*ur* ca?olic ( ,*ri/4  ,b
 if ! adv]s>ies w r5ew ?is controv]sy1  
!re w be no want among u ( ^? :o w reply
 & def5d ! tru?4  ,= 9 ?is case our     
adv]s>ies1 to a great ext5t1 d n und]/& 
:at !y say4 ,!y (t5 speak :at is        
contradictory1 & nei!r expla9 correctly 
& logically t :i* is ess5tial to i4e41 t
 :i* is or is n prop]ly ( ! ess5ce (    
orig9al s91 nor :at !y call defects4  ,b
 we h be5 unwill+ at ?is place to exam9e
 _! conte/s ) any v great subtlety4  ,we
 h ?\ght x wor? :ile only to recite1 9  
cu/om>y & well-kn[n words1 ! belief ( ! 
holy ,fa!rs1 :i* we also foll[4     ,,"p
 #b   ,article ,,iii3 ,( ,*ri/4  ,!     
,?ird ,article ! adv]s>ies approve1 9   
:i* we confess t !re are 9 ,*ri/ two    
natures1 namely1 a human nature1 assum$ 
by ! ,^w into ! unity ( ,8 p]son2 & t ! 
same ,*ri/ suff]$ & di$ to reconcile !  
,fa!r to u2 & t ,he 0 rais$ aga9 to     

reign1 & to ju/ify & sanctify believ]s1 
etc41 accord+ to ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ & !  
,nic5e ,cre$4   ,article ,,iv 7,,ii73 ,(
 ,ju/ification4  ,9 ! ,f\r?1 ,fif?1     
,six?1 &1 bel[1 9 ! ,tw5tie? ,article1  
!y condemn u1 = tea*+ t m5 obta9        
remission ( s9s1 n because ( _! own     
m]its1 b freely = ,*ri/'s sake1 ?r\gh   
fai? 9 ,*ri/4  ,!y reject q /ubbornly   
bo? ^! /atem5ts4  ,= !y condemn u bo? = 
d5y+ t m5 obta9 remission ( s9s because 
( _! own m]its1 & = affirm+ t1 ?r\gh    
fai?1 m5 obta9 remission ( s9s1 & ?r\gh 
fai? 9 ,*ri/ are ju/ifi$4  ,b s9ce 9 ?is
 controv]sy ! *ief topic ( ,*ri/ian     
doctr9e is treat$1 :i*1 und]/ood aright1
 illum9es & amplifies ! honor ( ,*ri/   
:i* is ( especial s]vice = ! cle>1      
correct und]/&+ ( ! entire ,holy        
,scriptures1 & alone %[s ! way to !     
unspeakable treasure & "r k ( ,*ri/1 &  
alone op5s ! door to ! entire ,bible1 & 
br+s necess>y & mo/ abundant consolation
 to dev\t consci5ces1 we ask ,8 ,imp]ial
 ,maje/y to he> u ) =be>ance 9 reg>d to 

matt]s ( su* importance4  ,= s9ce !     
adv]s>ies und]/& nei!r :at ! remission (
 s9s1 nor :at fai?1 nor :at grace1 nor  
:at righte\sness is1 !y sadly corrupt   
?is topic1 & obscure ! glory & b5efits (
 ,*ri/ & rob dev\t consci5ces ( !       
consolations (f]$ 9 ,*ri/4  ,b t we may 
/r5g!n ! position ( our ,confession1 &  
also remove ! *>ges :i* ! adv]s>ies     
advance aga9/ u1 c]ta9 ?+s are to be    
premis$ 9 ! beg9n+1 9 ord] t ! s\rces ( 
bo? k9ds ( doctr9e1 i4 e41 bo? t ( our  
adv]s>ies & our own1 may be kn[n4  ,all 
,scripture ought to be di/ribut$ into ^!
 two pr9cipal topics1 ! ,law & !        
promises4  ,= 9 "s places x pres5ts !   
,law1 & 9 o!rs ! promise conc]n+ ,*ri/1 
namely1 ei!r :5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t x     
promises t ,*ri/ w come1 & (f]s1 = ,8   
sake1 ! remission ( s9s ju/ification1 & 
life et]nal1 or :51 9 ! ,gospel 9 ! ,new
 ,te/am5t1 ,*ri/ ,himself1 s9ce ,he has 
appe>$1 promises ! remission ( s9s1     
ju/ification1 & life et]nal4  ,moreov]1 
9 ?is discussion1 by ,law we designate !

 ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 :]ev] !y are read 9 !  
,scriptures4  ,( ! c]emonies & judicial 
laws ( ,moses we say no?+ at pres5t4  ,(
 ^! two p>ts ! adv]s>ies select ! ,law1 
because human reason naturally und]/&s1 
9 "s way1 ! ,law 7= x has ! same judgm5t
 div9ely writt5 9 ! m9d72 ! natural law 
agrees ) ! law ( ,moses1 or ! ,t5       
,comm&m5ts & by ! ,law !y seek !        
remission ( s9s & ju/ification4  ,n[1 ! 
,decalog requires n only outw>d civil   
works1 :i* reason c 9 "s way produce1 b 
x also requires o!r ?+s plac$ f> above  
reason1 namely1 truly to fe> ,god1 truly
 to love ,god1 truly to call ^u ,god1   
truly to be conv9c$ t ,god he>s u1 & to 
expect ! aid ( ,god 9 dea? & 9 all      
afflictions2 f9ally1 x requires ob$i5ce 
to ,god1 9 dea? & all afflictions1 s t  
we may n flee f ^!1 or refuse !m :5 ,god
 imposes !m4  ,"h ! s*ola/ics1 hav+     
foll[$ ! philosoph]s1 tea* only a       
righte\sness ( reason1 namely1 civil    
works1 & fabricate besides t )\t ! ,holy
 ,gho/ reason c love ,god above all ?+s4

 ,=1 z long z ! human m9d is at ease1 & 
does n feel ! wra? or judgm5t ( ,god1 x 
c imag9e t x wi%es to love ,god1 t x    
wi%es to d good = ,god's sake4  ,b x is 
%e] hypocrisy4  ,9 ?is mann] !y tea* t  
m5 m]it ! remission ( s9s by do+ :at is 
9 !m1 i4e41 if reason1 griev+ ov] s91   
elicit an act ( love to ,god1 or =      
,god's sake be active 9 t :i* is good4  
,& because ?is op9ion naturally flatt]s 
m51 x has br\ght =? & multipli$ 9 !     
,*ur* _m s]vices1 mona/ic v[s1 abuses ( 
! mass2 &1 ) ?is op9ion ! "o has1 9 !   
c\rse ( "t1 devis$ ?is act ( wor%ip &   
obs]vances1 ! o!r t4 ,& 9 ord] t !y     
might n\ri% & increase confid5ce 9 su*  
works1 !y h affirm$ t ,god necess>ily   
gives grace to "o ?us work+1 by !       
necessity n ( con/ra9t1 b ( immutability
 n t ,he is con/ra9$1 b t ?is is ! ord] 
:i* ,god w n transgress or alt]4  ,9 ?is
 op9ion !re are _m great & p]nici\s     
errors1 :i* x w\ld be t$i\s to enum]ate4
  ,let ! discreet read] ?9k only ( ?is3 
,if ?is be ,*ri/ian righte\sness1 :at   

diff]5ce is !re betwe5 philosophy & !   
doctr9e ( ,*ri/8  ,if we m]it !         
remission ( s9s by ^! elicit acts t spr+
 f our m9d1 ( :at b5efit is ,*ri/8  ,if 
we c be ju/ifi$ by reason & ! works (   
reason1 :]e=e is !re ne$ ( ,*ri/ or     
reg5]ation z ,pet] decl>es1 #a ,pet4 #a1
 #ah ff48  ,& f ^! op9ions ! matt] has  
n[ come to su* a pass t _m ridicule u   
because we tea* t an o!r ?an !          
philosophic righte\sness mu/ be s\ght   
aft]4  ,alas6 x has come to ?is1 t ev5  
great !ologians at ,l\va91 ,p>is1 etc41 
h kn[n no?+ ( any o!r godl9ess or       
righte\sness 7al?\gh e lett] & syllable 
9 ,paul tea*es o!rwise7 ?an ! godl9ess  
:i* philosoph]s tea*4  ,& al?\gh we     
ought to reg>d ?is z a /range tea*+1 &  
ought to ridicule x1 !y r ridicule u1   
yea1 make a je/ ( ,paul himself4 ,we h  
he>d t "s1 aft] sett+ aside ! ,gospel1  
h1 in/ead ( a s]mon1 expla9$ ! e?ics (  
,ari/otle4  ,i myself h he>d a great    
prea*] :o did n m5tion ,*ri/ & !        
,gospel1 & prea*$ ! e?ics ( ,ari/otle4  

,is ?is n a *ildi%1 fooli% way to prea* 
to ,*ri/ians8 ,nor did su* m5 err if ^? 
?+s are true :i* ! adv]s>ies def5d if ! 
doctr9e ( ! adv]s>ies be true1 ! ,e?ics 
is a preci\s book ( s]mons1 & a f9e new 
,bible4  ,= ,ari/otle wrote conc]n+     
civil morals s le>n$ly t no?+ fur!r     
conc]n+ ?is ne$ be dem&$4  ,we see books
 extant 9 :i* c]ta9 say+s ( ,*ri/ are   
comp>$ ) ! say+s ( ,socrates1 ,z5o1 &   
o!rs1 z ?\gh ,*ri/ _h come = ! purpose (
 deliv]+ c]ta9 laws ?r\gh :i* we might  
m]it ! remission ( s9s1 z ?\gh we did n 
receive ?is gratuit\sly1 because ( ,8   
m]its4  ,!re=e1 if we "h receive !      
doctr9e ( ! adv]s>ies1 t by ! works (   
reason we m]it ! remission ( s9s &      
ju/ification1 !re w be no diff]5ce      
betwe5 philosophic1 or c]ta9ly ph>isaic1
 & ,*ri/ian righte\sness4  ,al?\gh !    
adv]s>ies1 n to pass by ,*ri/ altoge!r1 
require a k ( ! hi/ory conc]n+ ,*ri/1 & 
ascribe to ,him t x is ,8 m]it t a habit
 is giv5 u1 or1 z !y say1 prima gratia1 
fir/ grace1 :i* !y und]/& z a habit1    

incl9+ u ! m readily to love ,god2 yet  
:at !y ascribe to ?is habit is ( little 
importance is a feeble1 paltry1 small1  
poor op]ation1 t w\ld be ascrib$ to     
,*ri/1 because !y imag9e t ! acts ( ! w 
are ( ! same k9d be=e & aft] ?is habit4 
,!y imag9e t ! w c love ,god2 b         
nev]!less ?is habit /imulates x to d !  
same ! m *e]fully4  ,& !y bid u fir/    
m]it ?is habit by prec$+ m]its2 !n !y   
bid u m]it by ! works ( ! ,law an       
increase ( ?is habit & life et]nal4 ,?us
 !y bury ,*ri/1 s t m5 may n avail      
!mselves ( ,him z a ,m$iator1 & believe 
t = ,8 sake !y freely receive remission 
( s9s & reconciliation1 b may dream t by
 _! own fulfilm5t ( ! ,law !y m]it !    
remission ( s9s1 & t by _! own fulfilm5t
 ( ! ,law !y are acc\nt$ righte\s be=e  
,god2 :ile1 nev]!less1 ! ,law is nev]   
satisfi$1 s9ce reason does no?+ except  
c]ta9 civil works1 &1 9 ! mean "t nei!r 
9 ! he>t fe>s ,god1 nor truly believes t
 ,god c>es = x4  ,& al?\gh !y speak (   
?is habit1 yet1 )\t ! righte\sness (    

fai?1 nei!r ! love ( ,god c exi/ 9 man1 
nor c x be und]/ood :at ! love ( ,god   
is4  ,_! feign+ a di/9ction betwe5      
m]itum congrui & m]itum condigni due    
m]it & true1 complete m]it is only an   
artifice 9 ord] n to appe> op5ly to     
,pelagianize1 ,=1 if ,god necess>ily    
gives grace = ! m]itum congrui due m]it1
 x is no long] m]itum congrui1 b m]itum 
condigni a true duty & complete m]it4   
,b !y d n "k :at !y are say+4  ,aft] ?is
 habit ( love is !re1 !y imag9e t man c 
acquire m]it de condigno4  ,& yet !y bid
 u d\bt :e!r !re be a habit pres5t4     
,h[1 !re=e1 d !y "k :e!r !y acquire m]it
 de congruo or de condigno 9 full1 or   
half8  ,b ?is :ole matt] 0 fabricat$ by 
idle m5 ,b1 good ,god6 ^! are m]e inane 
ideas & dreams ( idle1 wret*$1          
inexp]i5c$ m5 :o d n mu* r$uce ! ,bible 
to practise1 :o did n "k h[ ! remission 
( s9s occurs1 & h[1 9 ! judgm5t ( ,god &
 t]rors ( consci5ce1 tru/ 9 works is    
driv5 out ( u4  ,secure hypocrites      
always judge t !y acquire m]it de       

condigno1 :e!r ! habit be pres5t or be n
 pres5t1 because m5 naturally tru/ 9 _! 
own righte\sness1 b t]rifi$ consci5ces  
wav] & hesitate1 & !n seek & accumulate 
o!r works 9 ord] to f9d re/4  ,su*      
consci5ces nev] ?9k t !y acquire m]it de
 condigno1 & !y ru% into despair unless 
!y he>1 9 addition to ! doctr9e ( !     
,law1 ! ,gospel conc]n+ ! gratuit\s     
remission ( s9s & ! righte\sness ( fai?4
  ,?us "s /ories are told t :5 !        
,b>efoot$ monks _h 9 va9 prais$ _! ord] 
& good works to "s good consci5ces 9 !  
h\r ( dea?1 !y at la/ _h to be sil5t    
conc]n+ _! ord] & ,/4 ,franciscus1 & to 
say3 ,de> man1 ,*ri/ has di$ = y4 ,?is  
reviv$ & refre%$ 9 tr\ble1 & alone gave 
peace & com=t4  ,?us ! adv]s>ies tea*   
no?+ b ! righte\sness ( reason1 or      
c]ta9ly ( ! ,law1 ^u :i* !y look j z !  
,jews ^u ! veil$ face ( ,moses1 &1 9    
secure hypocrites :o ?9k t !y satisfy ! 
,law1 !y excite presumption & empty     
confid5ce 9 works !y place m5 on a s&   
f\ndation1 _! own works & contempt ( !  

grace ( ,*ri/4  ,on ! contr>y1 !y drive 
timid consci5ces to despair1 :i*1 labor+
 ) d\bt1 nev] c exp]i5ce :at fai? is1 & 
h[ efficaci\s x is2 ?us1 at la/ !y      
utt]ly despair4  ,n[1 we ?9k conc]n+ !  
righte\sness ( reason ?us1 namely1 t    
,god requires x1 & t1 because ( ,god's  
comm&m5t1 ! honorable works :i* !       
,decalog comm&s mu/ necess>ily be p]=m$1
 accord+ to ! passage ,gal4 #c1 #bd3 ,! 
,law 0 our s*oolma/]2 likewise #a ,tim4 
#a1 #i3 ,! ,law is made = ! ungodly4 ,= 
,god wi%es ^? :o are c>nal gross s9n]s  
to be re/ra9$ by civil discipl9e1 & to  
ma9ta9 ?is1 ,he has giv5 laws1 lett]s1  
doctr9e1 magi/rates1 p5alties4  ,& ?is  
righte\sness reason1 by its own /r5g?1  
c1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 "w1 al?\gh x is (t5
 ov]come by natural weakness1 & by !    
devil impell+ x to manife/ crimes4  ,n[1
 al?\gh we *e]fully assign ?is          
righte\sness ( reason ! praises t are   
due x 7= ?is corrupt nature has no      
great] good 9 ?is life & 9 a worldly    
nature1 no?+ is ev] bett] ?an           

uprightness & virtue1 & ,ari/otle says  
aright3 ,nei!r ! ev5+ /> nor ! morn+ /> 
is m beautiful ?an righte\sness1 & ,god 
also honors x ) bodily rew>ds71 yet x   
ought n to be prais$ ) reproa* to ,*ri/4
  ,= x is false ,i ?us conclude1 & am   
c]ta9 t x is a fiction1 & n true t we   
m]it ! remission ( s9s by our works4    
,false also is ?is1 t m5 are acc\nt$    
righte\s be=e ,god because ( !          
righte\sness ( reason works & ext]nal   
piety4  ,false also is ?is t reason1 by 
its own /r5g?1 is able to love ,god     
above all ?+s1 & to fulfil ,god's ,law1 
namely1 truly to fe> ,god to be truly   
confid5t t ,god he>s pray]1 to be will+ 
to obey ,god 9 dea? & o!r disp5sations (
 ,god1 n to covet :at belongs to o!rs1  
etc42 al?\gh reason c "w civil works4   
,false also & di%onor+ ,*ri/ is ?is1 t  
m5 d n s9 :o1 )\t grace1 d ! comm&m5ts (
 ,god :o keep ! comm&m5ts ( ,god m]ely 9
 an ext]nal mann]1 )\t ! ,_s & grace 9  
_! he>ts4  ,we h te/imonies = ?is our   
belief1 n only f ! ,scriptures1 b also f

 ! ,fa!rs4  ,= 9 opposition to !        
,pelagians1 ,augu/9e cont5ds at great   
l5g? t grace is n giv5 because ( our    
m]its4  ,& 9 ,de ,natura et ,gratia he  
says3 ,if natural ability1 ?r\gh ! free 
w1 suffice bo? = le>n+ to "k h[ "o ought
 to live & = liv+ aright1 !n ,*ri/ has  
di$ 9 va91 !n ! (f5se ( ! ,cross is made
 void4  ,:y may ,i n also "h cry out8   
,yea ,i w cry out1 &1 ) ,*ri/ian grief1 
w *ide !m3 ,*ri/ has become ( no effect 
unto y :osoev] ( y are ju/ifi$ by !     
,law2 ye are fall5 f grace4  ,gal4 #e1  
#d2 cf4 #b1 #ba4 ,= !y1 be+ ignorant (  
,god's righte\sness1 & go+ ab\t to      
e/abli% _! own righte\sness1 h n        
submitt$ !mselves unto ! righte\sness ( 
,god4  ,= ,*ri/ is ! end ( ! ,law =     
righte\sness to e "o t believe?4  ,rom4 
#aj #c4 #d4 ,& ,john #h1 #cf3 ,if ! ,son
 !re=e %all make y free1 ye %all be free
 inde$4  ,!re=e by reason we _c be fre$ 
f s9s & m]it ! remission ( s9s4  ,& 9   
,john #c1 #e x is writt53 ,except a man 
be born ( wat] & ( ! ,_s1 he _c ent]    

into ! k+dom ( ,god4  ,b if x is        
necess>y to be born aga9 ( ! ,holy ,gho/
 ! righte\sness ( reason does n ju/ify u
 be=e ,god1 & does n fulfil ! ,law1     
,rom4 #c1 #bc3 ,all h come %ort ( !     
glory ( ,god1 i4e41 are de/itute ( !    
wisdom & righte\sness ( ,god1 :i*       
ackn[l$ges & glorifies ,god4  ,likewise 
,rom4 #h1 #g4 #h3 ,! c>nal m9d is enmity
 aga9/ ,god2 = x is n subject to ! ,law 
( ,god1 nei!r inde$ c be4  ,s !n !y t   
are 9 ! fle% _c please ,god4  ,^!       
te/imonies are s manife/ t1 to use !    
words ( ,augu/9e :i* he employ$ 9 ?is   
case1 !y d n ne$ an acute und]/&+1 b    
only an att5tive he>]4  ,if ! c>nal m9d 
is enmity aga9/ ,god1 ! fle% c]ta9ly    
does n love ,god2 if x _c be subject to 
! ,law ( ,god1 x _c love ,god4 ,if !    
c>nal m9d is enmity aga9/ ,god1 ! fle%  
s9s ev5 :5 we d ext]nal civil works4    
,if x _c be subject to ! ,law ( ,god1 x 
c]ta9ly s9s ev5 :51 accord+ to human    
judgm5t1 x possesses de$s t are excell5t
 & wor?y ( praise4  ,! adv]s>ies consid]

 only ! precepts ( ! ,second ,table :i* 
conta9 civil righte\sness t reason      
und]/&s4  ,cont5t ) ?is1 !y ?9k t !y    
satisfy ! ,law ( ,god4  ,9 ! mean "t !y 
d n see ! ,fir/ ,table :i* comm&s t we  
love ,god1 t we decl>e z c]ta9 t ,god is
 angry ) s91 t we truly fe> ,god1 t we  
decl>e z c]ta9 t ,god he>s pray]4  ,b ! 
human he>t )\t ! ,holy ,gho/ ei!r 9     
security despises ,god's judgm5t1 or 9  
puni%m5t flees f1 & hates1 ,god :5 ,he  
judges4 ,!re=e x does n obey ! ,fir/    
,table4  ,s9ce1 !re=e1 contempt ( ,god1 
& d\bt conc]n+ ! ,^w ( ,god & conc]n+ ! 
?reats & promises1 inh]e 9 human nature1
 m5 truly s91 ev5 :51 )\t ! ,holy ,gho/1
 !y d virtu\s works1 because !y d !m ) a
 wick$ he>t1 accord+ to ,rom4 #ad1 #bc3 
,:atsoev] is n ( fai? is s94  ,= su*    
p]sons p]=m _! works ) contempt ( ,god1 
j z ,epicurus does n believe t ,god c>es
 = him1 or t he is reg>d$ or he>d by    
,god4  ,?is contempt vitiates works     
seem+ly virtu\s1 because ,god judges !  
he>t4  ,la/ly1 x 0 v fooli% = !         

adv]s>ies to write t m5 :o are "u et]nal
 wra? m]it ! remission ( s9s by an act (
 love1 :i* spr+s f _! m9d1 s9ce x is    
impossible to love ,god1 unless !       
remission ( s9s be appreh5d$ fir/ by    
fai?4  ,= ! he>t1 truly feel+ t ,god is 
angry1 _c love ,god1 unless ,he be %[n  
to h be5 reconcil$4  ,z long z ,he      
t]rifies u1 & seems to ca/ u into et]nal
 dea?1 human nature is n able to take   
c\rage1 s z to love a wra?ful1 judg+1 & 
puni%+ ,god poor1 weak nature mu/ lose  
he>t & c\rage1 & mu/ tremble be=e su*   
great wra?1 :i* s fe>fully t]rifies &   
puni%es1 & c nev] feel a sp>k ( love    
be=e ,god ,himself com=ts4  ,x is easy =
 idle m5 to feign su* dreams conc]n+    
love z1 t a p]son guilty ( mortal s9 c  
love ,god above all ?+s1 because !y d n 
feel :at ! wra? or judgm5t ( ,god is4   
,b 9 agony ( consci5ce & 9 conflicts )  
,satan consci5ce exp]i5ces ! empt9ess ( 
^! philosophical speculations4  ,paul   
says1 ,rom4 #d1ae3 ,! ,law worke? wra?4 
,he does n say t by ! ,law m5 m]it !    

remission ( s9s4  ,= ! ,law always      
accuses & t]rifies consci5ces4  ,!re=e x
 does n ju/ify1 because consci5ce       
t]rifi$ by ! ,law flees f ! judgm5t (   
,god4  ,!re=e !y err :o tru/ t by !     
,law1 by _! own works1 !y m]it !        
remission ( s9s4  ,x is suffici5t = u to
 h said ^! ?+s conc]n+ ! righte\sness ( 
reason or ( ! ,law1 :i* ! adv]s>ies     
tea*4  ,= aft] a :ile1 :5 we w decl>e   
our belief conc]n+ ! righte\sness (     
fai?1 ! subject itself w compel u to    
adduce m te/imonies1 :i* also w be (    
s]vice 9 ov]?r[+ ! errors ( ! adv]s>ies 
:i* we h ?us f> review$4  ,because1     
!re=e1 m5 by _! own /r5g? _c fulfil !   
,law ( ,god1 & all are "u s91 & subject 
to et]nal wra? & dea?1 on ?is acc\nt we 
_c be fre$ by ! ,law f s9 & be ju/ifi$ b
 ! promise ( ! remission ( s9s & (      
ju/ification has be5 giv5 u = ,*ri/'s   
sake1 :o 0 giv5 = u 9 ord] t ,he might  
make satisfaction = ! s9s ( ! _w1 & has 
be5 appo9t$ z ! only ,m$iator &         
,propitiator4  ,& ?is promise has n !   

condition ( our m]its x does n read ?us3
 ,?r\gh ,*ri/ y h grace salvation1 etc41
 if y m]it x1 b freely (f]s ! remission 
( s9s & ju/ification1 z ,paul says1     
,rom4 #aa1 #f3 ,if x be ( works1 !n is x
 no m grace4  ,& 9 ano!r place1 ,rom4   
#c1 #ba3 ,! righte\sness ( ,god )\t !   
,law is manife/$1 i4e41 ! remission (   
s9s is freely (f]$4 ,nor does           
reconciliation dep5d ^u our m]its4      
,because1 if ! remission ( s9s 7 to     
dep5d ^u our m]its1 & reconciliation 7 f
 ! ,law1 x w\ld be useless4  ,=1 z we d 
n fulfil ! ,law1 x w\ld also foll[ t we 
w\ld nev] obta9 ! promise (             
reconciliation4  ,?us ,paul reasons1    
,rom4 #d1 #ad3 ,= if !y :i* are ( ! ,law
 be heirs1 fai? is made void1 & !       
promise made ( none effect4  ,= if !    
promise w\ld require ! condition ( our  
m]its & ! ,law1 :i* we nev] fulfil1 x   
w\ld foll[ t ! promise w\ld be useless4 
,b s9ce ju/ification is obta9$ ?r\gh !  
free promise1 x foll[s t we _c ju/ify   
ourselves4  ,o!rwise1 :]e=e w\ld !re be 

ne$ to promise8  ,& :y %\ld ,paul s     
highly extol & praise grace8 ,= s9ce !  
promise _c be receiv$ except by fai?1 ! 
,gospel1 :i* is prop]ly ! promise ( !   
remission ( s9s & ( ju/ification =      
,*ri/'s sake1 proclaims ! righte\sness (
 fai? 9 ,*ri/1 :i* ! ,law does n tea*4  
,nor is ?is ! righte\sness ( ! ,law4  ,=
 ! ,law requires ( u our works & our    
p]fection4  ,b ! ,gospel freely (f]s1 = 
,*ri/'s sake1 to u1 :o h be5 vanqui%$ by
 s9 & dea?1 reconciliation1 :i* is      
receiv$1 n by works1 b by fai? alone4   
,?is fai? br+s to ,god n confid5ce 9    
"o's own m]its1 b only confid5ce 9 !    
promise1 or ! m]cy promis$ 9 ,*ri/4     
,?is special fai?1 !re=e1 by :i* an     
individual believes t = ,*ri/'s sake 8  
s9s are remitt$ him1 & t = ,*ri/'s sake 
,god is reconcil$ & propiti\s1 obta9s   
remission ( s9s & ju/ifies u4  ,&       
because 9 rep5tance1 i4e4 9 t]rors1 x   
com=ts & enc\rages he>ts x reg5]ates u1 
& br+s ! ,holy ,gho/ t !n we may be able
 to fulfil ,god's ,law1 namely1 to love 

,god1 truly to fe> ,god1 truly to be    
confid5t t ,god he>s pray]1 & to obey   
,god 9 all afflictions2 x mortifies     
concupisc5ce1 etc4 ,?us1 because fai?1  
:i* freely receives ! remission ( s9s1  
sets ,*ri/1 ! ,m$iator & ,propitiator1  
aga9/ ,god's wra?1 x does n pres5t our  
m]its or our love :i* w\ld be toss$     
aside l a little fea!r by a hurricane4  
,?is fai? is ! true k ( ,*ri/1 & avails 
itself ( ! b5efits ( ,*ri/1 & reg5]ates 
he>ts1 & prec$es ! fulfill+ ( ! ,law4   
,& ( ?is fai? n a syllable exi/s 9 !    
doctr9e ( our adv]s>ies4 ,h5ce we f9d   
fault ) ! adv]s>ies1 equally because !y 
tea* only ! righte\sness ( ! ,law &     
because !y d n tea* ! righte\sness ( !  
,gospel1 :i* proclaims ! righte\sness ( 
fai? 9 ,*ri/4     ,"p #c   ,:at ,is     
,ju/ify+ ,fai?8  ,! adv]s>ies feign t   
fai? is only a k ( ! hi/ory1 & !re=e    
tea* t x c coexi/ ) mortal s94  ,h5ce !y
 say no?+ conc]n+ fai?1 by :i* ,paul s  
frequ5tly says t m5 are ju/ifi$1 because
 ^? :o are acc\nt$ righte\s be=e ,god d 

n live 9 mortal s94  ,b t fai? :i*      
ju/ifies is n m]ely a k ( hi/ory1 n     
m]ely ?is1 t ,i "k ! /ories ( ,*ri/'s   
bir?1 suff]+1 etc4 7t ev5 ! devils "k1 7
 b x is to ass5t to ! promise ( ,god1 9 
:i* = ,*ri/'s sake1 ! remission ( s9s & 
ju/ification are freely (f]$4 ,x is !   
c]ta9ty or ! c]ta9 tru/ 9 ! he>t1 :51 ) 
my :ole he>t1 ,i reg>d ! promises ( ,god
 z c]ta9 & true1 ?r\gh :i* !re are (f]$ 
me1 )\t my m]it1 ! =giv5ess ( s9s1      
grace1 & all salvation1 ?r\gh ,*ri/ !   
,m$iator4 ,& t no "o may suppose t x is 
m]e k we w add fur!r3 x is to wi% & to  
receive ! (f]$ promise ( ! remission (  
s9s & ( ju/ification4  ,fai? is t my    
:ole he>t takes to itself ?is treasure4 
,x is n my do+1 n my pres5t+ or giv+1 n 
my "w or prep>ation1 b t a he>t com=ts  
itself1 & is p]fectly confid5t ) respect
 to ?is1 namely1 t ,god makes a pres5t &
 gift to u1 & n we to ,him1 t ,he %$s ^u
 u e treasure ( grace 9 ,*ri/4  ,& !    
diff]5ce betwe5 ?is fai? & !            
righte\sness ( ! ,law c be easily       

disc]n$4  ,fai? is ! latreia div9e      
s]vice1 :i* receives ! b5efits (f]$ by  
,god2 ! righte\sness ( ! ,law is !      
latreia div9e s]vice :i* (f]s to ,god   
our m]its4 ,by fai? ,god wi%es to be    
wor%ip$ 9 ?is way1 t we receive f ,him  
^? ?+s :i* ,he promises & (f]s4  ,n[1 t 
fai? signifies1 n only a k ( ! hi/ory1 b
 su* fai? z ass5ts to ! promise1 ,paul  
pla9ly te/ifies :5 he says1 ,rom4 #d1   
#af3 ,!re=e x is ( fai?1 to ! end !     
promise might be sure4  ,= he judges t !
 promise _c be receiv$ unless by fai?4  
,:]e=e he puts !m toge!r z ?+s t belong 
to "o ano!r1 & connects promise & fai?4 
,!re ,paul fa/5s & b9ds toge!r ^! two1  
?us3 ,:]ev] !re is a promise fai? is    
requir$ & conv]sely1 :]ev] fai? is      
requir$ !re mu/ be a promise4 ,al?\gh x 
w be easy to decide :at fai? is if we   
consid] ! ,cre$ :]e ?is article c]ta9ly 
/&s3 ,! =giv5ess ( s9s4  ,!re=e x is n  
en\gh to believe t ,*ri/ 0 born1 suff]$1
 0 rais$ aga91 unless we add also ?is   
article1 :i* is ! purpose ( ! hi/ory3 ,!

 =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,to ?is article ! re/  
mu/ be ref]r$1 namely1 t = ,*ri/'s sake1
 & n = ! sake ( our m]its1 =giv5ess (   
s9s is giv5 u4  ,= :at ne$ 0 !re t ,*ri/
 0 giv5 = our s9s if = our s9s our m]its
 c make satisfaction8  ,z (t51 !re=e1 z 
we speak ( ju/ify+ fai?1 we mu/ keep 9  
m9d t ^! ?ree objects concur3 ! promise1
 & t1 too1 gratuit\s1 & ! m]its ( ,*ri/1
 z ! price & propitiation4 ,! promise is
 receiv$ by fai?2 ! gratuit\s excludes  
our m]its1 & signifies t ! b5efit is    
(f]$ only ?r\gh m]cy2 ! m]its ( ,*ri/   
are ! price1 because !re mu/ be a c]ta9 
propitiation = our s9s4  ,scripture     
frequ5tly implores m]cy1 & ! holy ,fa!rs
 (t5 say t we are sav$ by m]cy4  ,z (t51
 !re=e1 z m5tion is made ( m]cy1 we mu/ 
keep 9 m9d t fai? is !re requir$1 :i*   
receives ! promise ( m]cy4  ,&1 aga91 z 
(t5 z we speak ( fai?1 we wi% an object 
to be und]/ood1 namely1 ! promis$ m]cy4 
,= fai? ju/ifies & saves1 n on ! gr\nd t
 x is a "w 9 itself wor?y1 b only       
because x receives ! promis$ m]cy4  ,&  

?r\gh\t ! prophets & ! psalms ?is       
wor%ip1 ?is latreia1 is highly prais$1  
al?\gh ! ,law does n tea* ! gratuit\s   
remission ( s9s4  ,b ! ,fa!rs knew !    
promise conc]n+ ,*ri/ t ,god = ,*ri/'s  
sake wi%$ to remit s9s4 ,!re=e1 s9ce !y 
und]/ood t ,*ri/ w\ld be ! price = our  
s9s1 !y knew t our works are n a price =
 s great a matt] c\ld n pay s great a   
debt4  ,accord+ly1 !y receiv$ gratuit\s 
m]cy & remission ( s9s by fai?1 j z !   
sa9ts 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4  ,"h belong ^? 
frequ5t repetitions conc]n+ m]cy & fai?1
 9 ! psalms & ! prophets1 z ?is1 ,ps4   
#acj1 #c sq43 ,if ,?\ ,"l1 %\lde/ m>k   
iniquities1 ,o ,"l1 :o %all /&8  ,"h    
,david confesses 8 s9s & does n rec\nt 8
 m]its4  ,he adds2 ,b !re is =giv5ess ) 
,!e4  ,"h he com=ts himself by 8 tru/ 9 
,god's m]cy1 & he cites ! promise3 ,my  
s\l do? wait & 9 ,8 ,^w d ,i hope1 i4e41
 because ,?\ ha/ promis$ ! remission (  
s9s1 ,i am su/a9$ by ?is ,?y promise4   
,!re=e ! fa!rs also 7 ju/ifi$1 n by !   
,law b by ! promise & fai?4  ,& x is    

amaz+ t ! adv]s>ies ext5uate fai? to su*
 a degree1 al?\gh !y see t x is ev]y:]e 
prais$ z an em95t s]vice1 z 9 ,ps4 #ej1 
#ae3 ,call ^u ,me 9 ! day ( tr\ble3 ,i w
 deliv] !e4  ,?us ,god wi%es ,himself to
 be kn[n1 ?us ,he wi%es ,himself to be  
wor%ip$1 t f ,him we receive b5efits1 & 
receive !m1 too1 because ( ,8 m]cy1 & n 
because ( our m]its4  ,?is is ! ri*e/   
consolation 9 all afflictions physical  
or spiritual1 9 life or 9 dea? z all    
godly p]sons "k4  ,& su* consolations ! 
adv]s>ies aboli% :5 !y ext5uate &       
disp>age fai?1 & tea* only t by means ( 
works & m]its m5 treat ) ,god t we treat
 ) ,god1 ! great ,maje/y1 by means ( our
 mis]able1 begg>ly works & m]its4       
,"p #d   ,t ,fai? 9 ,*ri/ ,ju/ifies4  ,9
 ! fir/ place1 le/ any "o may ?9k t we  
speak conc]n+ an idle k ( ! hi/ory1 we  
mu/ decl>e h[ fai? is obta9$ h[ ! he>t  
beg9s to believe4  ,aft]w>d we w %[ bo? 
t x ju/ifies1 & h[ ?is ought to be      
und]/ood1 & we w expla9 ! objections ( !
 adv]s>ies4  ,*ri/1 9 ! la/ *apt] (     

,luke #bd1 #dg1 comm&s t rep5tance &    
remission ( s9s %\ld be prea*$ 9 ,8 "n4 
,= ! ,gospel convicts all m5 t !y are "u
 s91 t !y all are subject to et]nal wra?
 & dea?1 & (f]s = ,*ri/'s sake remission
 ( s9 & ju/ification1 :i* is receiv$ by 
fai?4  ,! prea*+ ( rep5tance1 :i*       
accuses u1 t]rifies consci5ces ) true & 
grave t]rors4  ,= ! prea*+ ( rep5tance1 
or ?is decl>ation ( ! ,gospel3 ,am5d y\r
 lives6  ,rep5t6  ,:5 x truly p5etrates 
! he>t1 t]rifies ! consci5ce1 & is no   
je/1 b a great t]ror1 9 :i* ! consci5ce 
feels its mis]y & s9 & ! wra? ( ,god4 ,9
 ^!1 he>ts ought aga9 to receive        
consolation4 ,?is happ5s if !y believe !
 promise ( ,*ri/1 t = ,8 sake we h      
remission ( s9s4  ,?is fai?1 enc\rag+ & 
consol+ 9 ^! fe>s1 receives remission ( 
s9s1 ju/ifies & quick5s4  ,= ?is        
consolation is a new & spiritual life a 
new bir? & a new life4  ,^! ?+s are pla9
 & cle>1 & c be und]/ood by ! pi\s1 & h 
te/imonies ( ! ,*ur* z is to be se5 9 ! 
conv]sion ( ,paul & ,augu/9e4  ,!       

adv]s>ies n[h]e c say h[ ! ,holy ,gho/  
is giv54  ,!y imag9e t ! ,sacram5ts     
conf] ! ,holy ,gho/ ex op]e op]ato1 )\t 
a good emotion 9 ! recipi5t1 z ?\gh1    
inde$1 ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 7 an idle 
matt]4  ,b s9ce we speak ( su* fai? z is
 n an idle ?\ght1 b ( t :i* lib]ates f  
dea? & produces a new life 9 he>ts :i*  
is su* a new light1 life1 & =ce 9 ! he>t
 z to r5ew our he>t1 m9d1 & _s1 makes   
new m5 ( u & new creatures1 & is ! "w ( 
! ,holy ,gho/2 ?is does n coexi/ )      
mortal s9 = h[ c light & d>kness        
coexi/81 b z long z x is pres5t1        
produces good fruits z we w say aft] a  
:ile4  ,= conc]n+ ! conv]sion ( ! wick$1
 or conc]n+ ! mode ( reg5]ation1 :at c  
be said t is m simple & m cle>8 ,let !m1
 f s great an array ( writ]s1 adduce a  
s+le comm5t>y ^u ! ,s5t5tiae t speaks ( 
! mode ( reg5]ation4  ,:5 !y speak ( !  
habit ( love1 !y imag9e t m5 m]it x     
?r\gh works & !y d n tea* t x is receiv$
 ?r\gh ! ,^w1 precisely z also !        
,anabapti/s tea* at ?is "t4  ,b ,god _c 

be treat$ )1 ,god _c be appreh5d$1      
except ?r\gh ! ,^w4  ,accord+ly1        
ju/ification occurs ?r\gh ! ,^w1 j z    
,paul says1 ,rom4 #a1 #af3 ,! ,gospel is
 ! p[] ( ,god unto salvation to e "o t  
believe?4  ,likewise #aj1 #ag3 ,fai?    
come? by he>+4  ,& pro( c be d]iv$ ev5 f
 ?is t fai? ju/ifies1 because1 if       
ju/ification occurs only ?r\gh ! ,^w1 & 
! ,^w is appreh5d$ only by fai?1 x      
foll[s t fai? ju/ifies4  ,b !re are o!r 
& m important reasons4  ,we h said ^!   
?+s ?us f> 9 ord] t we might %[ ! mode (
 reg5]ation1 & t ! nature ( fai? :at is1
 or is n1 fai?1 conc]n+ :i* we speak1   
might be und]/ood4  ,n[ we w %[ t fai? &
 no?+ else ju/ifies4  ,"h1 9 ! fir/     
place read]s mu/ be admoni%$ ( ?is1 t j 
z x is necess>y to ma9ta9 ?is s5t5ce3   
,*ri/ is ,m$iator1 s is x necess>y to   
def5d t fai? ju/ifies1 )\t works4  ,= h[
 w ,*ri/ be ,m$iator if 9 ju/ification  
we d n use ,him z ,m$iator2 if we d n   
hold t = ,8 sake we are acc\nt$         
righte\s8  ,b to believe is to tru/ 9 ! 

m]its ( ,*ri/1 t = ,8 sake ,god c]ta9ly 
wi%es to be reconcil$ ) u4  ,likewise1 j
 z we ought to ma9ta9 t1 ap>t f ! ,law1 
! promise ( ,*ri/ is necess>y1 s also is
 x ne$ful to ma9ta9 t fai? ju/ifies4  ,=
 ! ,law does n prea* ! =giv5ess ( s9 by 
grace4 ,= ! ,law _c be p]=m$ unless !   
,holy ,gho/ be fir/ receiv$4  ,x is1    
!re=e1 ne$ful to ma9ta9 t ! promise (   
,*ri/ is necess>y4  ,b ?is _c be receiv$
 except by fai?4  ,!re=e1 ^? :o d5y t   
fai? ju/ifies1 tea* no?+ b ! ,law1 bo?  
,*ri/ & ! ,gospel be+ set aside4  ,b :5 
x is said t fai? ju/ifies1 "s p]haps    
und]/& x ( ! beg9n+1 namely1 t fai? is !
 beg9n+ ( ju/ification or prep>ation =  
ju/ification1 s t n fai? itself is t    
?r\gh :i* we are accept$ by ,god1 b !   
works :i* foll[2 & !y dream1 accord+ly1 
t fai? is highly prais$1 because x is ! 
beg9n+4  ,= great is ! importance ( !   
beg9n+1 z !y commonly say1 ,ar*ae aemioy
 pantos1 ,! beg9n+ is half ( ev]y?+2 j z
 if "o w\ld say t gramm> makes ! tea*]s 
( all arts1 because x prep>es = o!r     

arts1 al?\gh 9 fact x is 8 own art t    
r5d]s e "o an arti/4  ,we d n believe   
?us conc]n+ fai?1 b we ma9ta9 ?is1 t    
prop]ly & truly1 by fai? itself1 we are 
= ,*ri/'s sake acc\nt$ righte\s1 or are 
acceptable to ,god4  ,& because to be   
ju/ifi$ means t out ( unju/ m5 j m5 are 
made1 or born aga91 x means also t !y   
are pron\nc$ or acc\nt$ j4  ,=          
,scripture speaks 9 bo? ways4  ,! t]m to
 be ju/ifi$ is us$ 9 two ways3 to d5ote1
 be+ conv]t$ or reg5]at$2 aga91 be+     
acc\nt$ righte\s4 ,accord+ly we wi% fir/
 to %[ ?is1 t fai? alone makes ( an     
unju/1 a j man1 i4e41 receives remission
 ( s9s4  ,! p>ticle alone (f5ds "s1     
al?\gh ev5 ,paul says1 ,rom4 #c1 #bh3   
,we conclude t a man is ju/ifi$ by fai?1
 )\t ! de$s ( ! ,law4  ,aga91 ,eph4 #b1 
#h3 ,x is ! gift ( ,god2 n ( works1 le/ 
any man %\ld boa/4  ,aga91 ,rom4 #c1    
#bd3 ,be+ ju/ifi$ freely4  ,if !        
exclusive alone displeases1 let !m      
remove f ,paul also ! exclusives freely1
 n ( works1 x is ! gift1 etc4 ,= ^! also

 are v /rong exclusives4  ,x is1 h[ev]1 
! op9ion ( m]it t we exclude4  ,we d n  
exclude ! ,^w or ,sacram5ts1 z !        
adv]s>ies falsely *>ge u4  ,= we h said 
above t fai? is conceiv$ f ! ,^w1 & we  
honor ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w 9 ! highe/       
degree4  ,love also & works mu/ foll[   
fai?4  ,:]e=e1 !y are n exclud$ s z n to
 foll[1 b confid5ce 9 ! m]it ( love or (
 works is exclud$ 9 ju/ification4  ,&   
?is we w cle>ly %[4     ,"p #e   ,t ,we 
,obta9 ,remission ( ,s9s by ,fai? ,alone
 9 ,*ri/4  ,we ?9k t ev5 ! adv]s>ies    
ackn[l$ge t1 9 ju/ification1 ! remission
 ( s9s is necess>y fir/4  ,= we all are 
"u s94 ,:]e=e we reason ?us3-,to atta9 !
 remission ( s9s is to be ju/ifi$1      
accord+ to ,ps4 #cb1 #a3 ,bless$ is he  
^: transgression is =giv54  ,by fai?    
alone 9 ,*ri/1 n ?r\gh love1 n because (
 love or works1 d we acquire ! remission
 ( s9s1 al?\gh love foll[s fai?4  ,!re=e
 by fai? alone we are ju/ifi$1 und]/&+  
ju/ification z ! mak+ ( a righte\s man  
out ( an unrighte\s1 or t he be         

reg5]at$4  ,x w ?us become easy to      
decl>e ! m9or premise t we obta9        
=giv5ess ( s9 by fai?1 n by love if we  
"k h[ ! remission ( s9s occurs4  ,!     
adv]s>ies ) great indiff]5ce dispute    
:e!r ! remission ( s9s & ! infusion (   
grace are ! same *ange :e!r !y are "o   
*ange or two4  ,be+ idle m51 !y did n "k
 :at to answ] _c speak at all on ?is    
subject4  ,9 ! remission ( s9s1 ! t]rors
 ( s9 & ( et]nal dea?1 9 ! he>t1 mu/ be 
ov]come1 z ,paul te/ifies1 #a ,cor4 #ae1
 #ef sq43 ,! /+ ( dea? is s91 & ! /r5g? 
( s9 is ! ,law4  ,b ?anks be to ,god1   
:i* give? u ! victory ?r\gh our ,"l     
,jesus ,*ri/4  ,t is1 s9 t]rifies       
consci5ces1 ?is occurs ?r\gh ! ,law1 :i*
 %[s ! wra? ( ,god aga9/ s92 b we ga9 ! 
victory ?r\gh ,*ri/4  ,h[8  ,by fai?1 :5
 we com=t ourselves by confid5ce 9 !    
m]cy promis$ = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,?us1     
!re=e we prove ! m9or proposition4  ,!  
wra? ( ,god _c be appeas$ if we set     
aga9/ x our own works1 because ,*ri/ has
 be5 set =? z a ,propitiator1 s t1 = ,8 

sake1 ! ,fa!r may become reconcil$ to u4
  ,b ,*ri/ is n appreh5d$ z a ,m$iator  
except by fai?4  ,!re=e1 by fai? alone  
we obta9 remission ( s9s :5 we com=t our
 he>ts ) confid5ce 9 ! m]cy promis$ =   
,*ri/'s sake4  ,likewise ,paul1 ,rom4   
#e1 #b1 says3 ,by :om also we h access1 
& adds1 by fai?4 ,?us1 !re=e1 we are    
reconcil$ to ! ,fa!r1 & receive         
remission ( s9s :5 we are com=t$ )      
confid5ce 9 ! m]cy promis$ = ,*ri/'s    
sake4  ,! adv]s>ies reg>d ,*ri/ z       
,m$iator & ,propitiator = ?is reason1   
namely1 t ,he has m]it$ ! habit ( love2 
!y d n urge u to use ,him n[ z ,m$iator1
 b1 z ?\gh ,*ri/ 7 altoge!r buri$1 !y   
imag9e t we h access ?r\gh our own      
works1 &1 ?r\gh ^!1 m]it ?is habit &    
aft]w>ds1 by ?is love1 come to ,god4    
,is n ?is to bury ,*ri/ altoge!r1 & to  
take away ! entire doctr9e ( fai?8      
,paul1 on ! contr>y1 tea*es t we h      
access1 i4e41 reconciliation1 ?r\gh     
,*ri/4  ,& to %[ h[ ?is occurs1 he adds 
t we h access by fai?4  ,by fai?1 !re=e1

 = ,*ri/'s sake1 we receive remission ( 
s9s4  ,we _c set our own love & our own 
works ov] aga9/ ,god's wra?4  ,secondly4
  ,x is c]ta9 t s9s are =giv5 = ! sake (
 ,*ri/1 z ,propitiator1 ,rom4 #c1 #be3  
,:om ,god ha? set =? to be a            
propitiation4  ,moreov]1 ,paul adds3    
?r\gh fai?4  ,!re=e ?is ,propitiator ?us
 b5efits u1 :5 by fai? we appreh5d !    
m]cy promis$ 9 ,him1 & set x aga9/ !    
wra? & judgm5t ( ,god4 ,& to ! same     
effect x is writt51 ,heb4 #d1 #ad4 #af3 
,see+1 !n1 t we h a great ,high ,prie/1 
etc41 let u !re=e come ) confid5ce4  ,= 
! ,apo/le bids u come to ,god1 n )      
confid5ce 9 our own m]its1 b ) confid5ce
 9 ,*ri/ z a ,high ,prie/2 !re=e he     
requires fai?4  ,?irdly4  ,pet]1 9 ,acts
 #aj1 #dc1 says3 ,to ,him give all !    
prophets witness t ?r\gh ,8 "n1 :osoev] 
believe? on ,him1 %all receive remission
 ( s9s4  ,h[ c\ld ?is be said m cle>ly8 
,we receive remission ( s9s1 he says1   
?r\gh ,8 "n i4e41 = ,8 sake2 !re=e1 n = 
! sake ( our m]its1 n = ! sake ( our    

contrition1 attrition1 love1 wor%ip1    
works4  ,& he adds3 ,:5 we believe 9    
,him4  ,!re=e he requires fai?4  ,= we  
_c appreh5d ! "n ( ,*ri/ except by fai?4
  ,besides he cites ! agreem5t ( all !  
prophets4  ,?is is truly to cite !      
au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4  ,= :5 all ! holy   
prophets be> witness1 t is c]ta9ly a    
glori\s1 great excell5t1 p[]ful decretal
 & te/imony4 ,b ( ?is topic we w speak  
aga9 aft] a :ile1 :5 treat+ (           
,rep5tance4  ,f\r?ly4  ,remission ( s9s 
is some?+ promis$ = ,*ri/'s sake4 ,!re=e
 x _c be receiv$ except by fai? alone4  
,= a promise _c be receiv$ except by    
fai? alone4  ,rom4 #d1 #af3 ,!re=e x is 
( fai? t x might be by grace1 to ! end t
 ! promise might be sure2 z ?\gh he 7 to
 say3 ,if ! matt] 7 to dep5d ^u our     
m]its1 ! promise w\ld be unc]ta9 &      
useless1 because we nev] c\ld det]m9e :5
 we w\ld h suffici5t m]it4 ,& ?is1      
exp]i5c$ consci5ces c easily und]/& &   
w\ld n1 = a ?\s& worlds1 h our salvation
 dep5d ^u ourselves4  ,accord+ly1 ,paul 

says1 ,gal4 #c1 #bb3 ,b ! ,scripture ha?
 conclud$ all "u s91 t ! promise by fai?
 ( ,jesus ,*ri/ might be giv5 to !m t   
believe4  ,he takes m]it away f u1      
because he says t all are guilty &      
conclud$ "u s92 !n he adds t ! promise1 
namely1 ( ! remission ( s9s & (         
ju/ification1 is giv51 & adds h[ !      
promise c be receiv$1 namely1 by fai?4  
,& ?is reason+1 d]iv$ f ! nature ( a    
promise1 is ! *ief reason+ a v]itable   
rock 9 ,paul1 & is (t5 repeat$4  ,nor c 
any?+ be devis$ or imag9$ :]eby ?is     
argum5t ( ,paul c be ov]?r[n4  ,:]e=e   
let n good m9ds suff] !mselves to be =c$
 f ! conviction t we receive remission (
 s9s = ,*ri/'s sake1 only ?r\gh fai?4   
,9 ?is !y h sure & firm consolation     
aga9/ ! t]rors ( s91 & aga9/ et]nal dea?
 & aga9/ all ! gates ( hell4 ,ev]y?+    
else is a f\ndation ( s& t s9ks 9       
trials4  ,b s9ce we receive remission ( 
s9s & ! ,holy ,gho/ by fai? alone1 fai? 
alone ju/ifies1 because ^? reconcil$ are
 acc\nt$ righte\s & *ildr5 ( ,god1 n on 

acc\nt ( _! own purity1 b ?r\gh m]cy =  
,*ri/'s sake1 provid$ only !y by fai?   
appreh5d ?is m]cy4  ,accord+ly1         
,scripture te/ifies t by fai? we are    
acc\nt$ righte\s1 ,rom4 #c1 #bf4 ,we1   
!re=e1 w add te/imonies :i* cle>ly      
decl>e t fai? is t v righte\sness by :i*
 we are acc\nt$ righte\s be=e ,god1     
namely1 n because x is a "w t is 9      
itself wor?y1 b because x receives !    
promise by :i* ,god has promis$ t =     
,*ri/'s sake ,he wi%es to be propiti\s  
to ^? believ+ 9 ,him1 or because ,he    
kn[s t ,*ri/ ( ,god is made unto u      
wisdom1 & righte\sness1 &               
sanctification1 & r$emption1 #a ,cor4   
#a1 #cj4  ,9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1    
,paul discusses ?is topic especially1 & 
decl>es t1 :5 we believe t ,god1 =      
,*ri/'s sake is reconcil$ to u1 we are  
ju/ifi$ freely by fai?4  ,& ?is         
proposition1 :i* conta9s ! /atem5t ( !  
entire discussion ! pr9cipal matt] ( all
 ,epi/les1 yea1 ( ! entire ,scriptures1 
he ma9ta9s 9 ! ?ird *apt]3 ,we conclude 

t a man is ju/ifi$ by fai?1 )\t ! de$s (
 ! ,law1 ,rom4 #c1 #bh4 ,"h ! adv]s>ies 
int]pret t ?is ref]s to ,levitical      
c]emonies n to o!r virtu\s works4  ,b   
,paul speaks n only ( ! c]emonies1 b ( !
 :ole ,law4  ,= he quotes aft]w>d 7#g1  
#g7 f ! ,decalog3 ,?\ %alt n covet4  ,& 
if moral works t are n ,jewi% c]emonies 
w\ld m]it ! remission ( s9s &           
ju/ification1 !re w\ld also be no ne$ ( 
,*ri/ & ! promise1 & all t ,paul speaks 
( ! promise w\ld be ov]?r[n4  ,he w\ld  
also h be5 wrong 9 writ+ to !           
,ephesians1 #b1 #h3 ,by grace are ye    
sav$ ?r\gh fai?1 & t n ( y\rselves2 x is
 ! gift ( ,god1 n ( works4  ,paul       
likewise ref]s to ,abraham & ,david1    
,rom4 #d1 #a4 #f4 ,b !y _h ! comm& (    
,god conc]n+ circumcision4  ,!re=e1 if  
any works ju/ifi$ ^! works mu/ also h   
ju/ifi$ at ! "t t !y _h a comm&4  ,b    
,augu/9e tea*es correctly t ,paul speaks
 ( ! entire ,law1 z he discusses at l5g?
 9 8 book1 ,( ! ,_s & ,lett]1 :]e he    
says f9ally3 ,^! matt]s1 !re=e1 hav+ be5

 consid]$ & treat$1 accord+ to ! ability
 t ! ,"l has ?\ght wor?y to give u1 we  
inf] t man is n ju/ifi$ by ! precepts ( 
a good life1 b by fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4  
,& le/ we may ?9k t ! s5t5ce t fai?     
ju/ifies1 fell f ,paul inconsid]ately1  
he =tifies & confirms ?is by a long     
discussion 9 ! f\r? *apt] to ! ,romans1 
& aft]w>ds repeats x 9 all 8 epi/les4   
,?us he says1 ,rom4 #d1 #d4 #e3 ,to him 
t worke? is ! rew>d n reckon$ ( grace1 b
 ( debt4  ,b to him t worke? n1 b       
believe? on ,him t ju/ifie? ! ungodly1 8
 fai? is c\nt$ = righte\sness4  ,"h he  
cle>ly says t fai? itself is imput$ =   
righte\sness4  ,fai?1 !re=e1 is t ?+ :i*
 ,god decl>es to be righte\sness1 & he  
adds t x is imput$ freely1 & says t x   
c\ld n be imput$ freely1 if x 7 due on  
acc\nt ( works4  ,:]e=e he excludes also
 ! m]it ( moral works n only ,jewi%     
c]emonies1 b all o!r good works4  ,= if 
ju/ification be=e ,god 7 due to ^!1 fai?
 w\ld n be imput$ = righte\sness )\t    
works4 ,& aft]w>ds1 ,rom4 #d1 #i3 ,= we 

say t fai? 0 reckon$ to ,abraham =      
righte\sness4  ,*apt] #e1 #a says3 ,be+ 
ju/ifi$ by fai?1 we h peace ) ,god1     
i4e41 we h consci5ces t are tranquil &  
joyful be=e ,god4  ,rom4 #aj1 #aj3 ,) ! 
he>t man believe? unto righte\sness4    
,"h he decl>es t fai? is ! righte\sness 
( ! he>t4  ,gal4 #b1 #ae3 ,we h believ$ 
9 ,*ri/ ,jesus t we might be ju/ifi$ by 
! fai? ( ,*ri/1 & n by ! works ( ! ,law4
  ,eph4 #b1 #h4 ,= by grace are ye sav$ 
?r\gh fai?1 & t n ( y\rselves2 x is !   
gift ( ,god2 n ( works1 le/ any man %\ld
 boa/4  ,john #a1 #ab3 ,to !m gave ,he  
p[] to become ! sons ( ,god1 ev5 to !m t
 believe on ,8 "n2 :i* 7 born1 n (      
blood1 nor ( ! w ( ! fle% nor ( ! w (   
man1 b ( ,god4  ,john #c1 #ad4 #ae3 ,z  
,moses lift$ up ! s]p5t 9 ! wild]ness1  
ev5 s mu/ ! ,son ( ,man be lift$ up1 t  
:osoev] believe? 9 ,him %\ld n p]i%4    
,likewise1 v4 #ag3 ,= ,god s5t n ,8 ,son
 into ! _w to condemn ! _w1 b t ! _w    
?r\gh ,him might be sav$4 ,he t believe?
 on ,him is n condemn$4  ,acts #ac1 #ch4

 #ci3 ,be x kn[n unto y !re=e1 m5 &     
bre?r51 t ?r\gh ?is ,man is prea*$ unto 
y ! =giv5ess ( s9s2 & by ,him all t     
believe are ju/ifi$ f all ?+s f :i* ye  
c\ld n be ju/ifi$ by ! ,law ( ,moses4   
,h[ c\ld ! (fice ( ,*ri/ & ju/ification 
be decl>$ m cle>ly8  ,! ,law1 he says1  
did n ju/ify4  ,!re=e ,*ri/ 0 giv51 t we
 may believe t = ,8 sake we are ju/ifi$4
  ,he pla9ly d5ies ju/ification to !    
,law4  ,h5ce1 = ,*ri/'s sake we are     
acc\nt$ righte\s :5 we believe t ,god1 =
 ,8 sake1 has be5 reconcil$ to u4  ,acts
 #d1 #aa4 #ab3 ,?is is ! /one :i* 0 set 
at naught ( y build]s1 :i* is become !  
head ( ! corn]4  ,nei!r is !re salvation
 9 any o!r2 = !re is none o!r "n "u     
heav5 giv5 among m5 :]eby we mu/ be     
sav$4  ,b ! "n ( ,*ri/ is appreh5d$ only
 by fai?4  ,i _c believe 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ 
9 any o!r way ?an :5 ,i he> ,8 m]it     
prea*$1 & lay hold ( t4 ,!re=e1 by      
confid5ce 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/1 & n by        
confid5ce 9 our works1 we are sav$4  ,= 
! "n "h signifies ! cause :i* is m5tion$

 because ( :i* salvation is atta9$4  ,& 
to call ^u ! "n ( ,*ri/ is to tru/ 9 !  
"n ( ,*ri/1 z ! cause or price because (
 :i* we are sav$4  ,acts #ae1 #i3       
,purify+ _! he>ts by fai?4 ,:]e=e t fai?
 ( :i* ! ,apo/les speak is n idle k1 b a
 reality1 receiv+ ! ,holy ,gho/ &       
ju/ify+ u n a m]e k ( hi/ory1 b a /rong 
p[]ful "w ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 :i* *anges   
he>ts4  ,hab4 #b1 #d3 ,! j %all live by 
8 fai?4  ,"h he says1 fir/ t m5 are j by
 fai? by :i* !y believe t ,god is       
propiti\s & he adds t ! same fai?       
quick5s1 because ?is fai? produces 9 !  
he>t peace & joy & et]nal life :i* beg9s
 9 ! pres5t life4  ,is4 #ec1 #aa3 ,by ,8
 k %all ,he ju/ify _m4  ,b :at is ! k ( 
,*ri/ unless to "k ! b5efits ( ,*ri/1 ! 
promises :i* by ! ,gospel ,he has       
scatt]$ broadca/ 9 ! _w8 ,& to "k ^!    
b5efits is prop]ly & truly to believe 9 
,*ri/1 to believe t t :i* ,god has      
promis$ = ,*ri/'s sake ,he w c]ta9ly    
fulfil4  ,b ,scripture is full ( su*    
te/imonies1 s9ce1 9 "s places1 x pres5ts

 ! ,law1 & 9 o!rs ! promises conc]n+    
,*ri/1 & ! remission ( s9s1 & ! free    
acceptance ( ! s9n] = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,"h
 & !re among ! ,fa!rs simil> te/imonies 
are extant4  ,= ,ambrose says 9 8 lett] 
to a c]ta9 ,ir5aeus3 ,moreov]1 ! _w 0   
subject to him by ! ,law = ! reason t1  
accord+ to ! comm& ( ! ,law1 all are    
indict$1 & yet1 by ! works ( ! ,law1 no 
"o is ju/ifi$1 i4e41 because1 by ! ,law1
 s9 is p]ceiv$1 b guilt is n dis*>g$4   
,! ,law1 :i* made all s9n]s1 seem$ to h 
done injury1 b :5 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/    
came1 ,he =gave to all s9 :i* no "o c\ld
 avoid1 &1 by ! %$d+ ( ,8 own blood1    
blott$ out ! h&writ+ :i* 0 aga9/ u4 ,?is
 is :at he says 9 ,rom4 #e1 #bj3 ,! ,law
 ent]$ t ! (f5se might ab\nd4  ,b :]e s9
 ab\nd$1 grace did mu* m ab\nd4 ,because
 aft] ! :ole _w become subject1 ,he took
 away ! s9 ( ! :ole _w1 z he ,john      
te/ifi$1 say+1 ,john #a1 #bi3 ,behold ! 
,lamb ( ,god1 :i* take? away ! s9 ( !   
_w4 ,& on ?is acc\nt let no "o boa/ (   
works1 because no "o is ju/ifi$ by 8    

de$s4  ,b he :o is righte\s has x giv5  
him because he 0 ju/ifi$ aft] ! lav] (  
,baptism4  ,fai?1 !re=e1 is t :i* frees 
?r\gh ! blood ( ,*ri/1 because he is    
bless$ ^: transgression is =giv51 ^: s9 
is cov]$1 ,ps4 #cb1 #a4 ,^! are ! words 
( ,ambrose1 :i* cle>ly favor our        
doctr9e2 he d5ies ju/ification to works1
 & ascribes to fai? t x sets u free     
?r\gh ! blood ( ,*ri/4  ,let all !      
,s5t5ti>i/s1 :o are adorn$ ) magnific5t 
titles1 be collect$ into "o heap4  ,= "s
 are call$ angelic2 o!rs1 subtile2 &    
o!rs irrefragable t is1 doctors :o _c   
err4  ,:5 all ^! h be5 read & r]ead1 !y 
w n be ( z mu* aid = und]/&+ ,paul z is 
?is "o passage ( ,ambrose4  ,to ! same  
effect1 ,augu/9e writes _m ?+s aga9/ !  
,pelagians4  ,9 f ! ,_s & ,lett] he     
says3 ,! righte\sness ( ! ,law1 namely1 
t he :o has fulfill$ x %all live 9 x1 is
 set =? = ?is reason t :5 any "o has    
recogniz$ 8 infirmity he may atta9 & "w 
! same & live 9 x1 conciliat+ ! ,ju/ifi]
 n by 8 own /r5g? nor by ! lett] ( !    

,law itself 7:i* _c be done71 b by fai?4
  ,except 9 a ju/ifi$ man1 !re is no "r 
"w :]e9 he :o does x may live4 ,b       
ju/ification is obta9$ by fai?4  ,"h he 
cle>ly says t ! ,ju/ifi] is conciliat$  
by fai?1 & t ju/ification is obta9$ by  
fai?4  ,& a little aft]3 ,by ! ,law we  
fe> ,god2 by fai? we hope 9 ,god4  ,b to
 ^? fe>+ puni%m5t grace is hidd52 & !   
s\l labor+1 etc41 "u ?is fe> betakes    
itself by fai? to ,god's m]cy1 9 ord] t 
,he may give :at lie comm&s4 ,"h he     
tea*es t by ! ,law he>ts are t]rifi$1 b 
by fai? !y receive consolation4  ,he    
also tea*es u to appreh5d1 by fai?1     
m]cy1 be=e we attempt to fulfil ! ,law4 
,we w %ortly cite c]ta9 o!r passages4   
,truly1 x is amaz+ t ! adv]s>ies are 9  
no way mov$ by s _m passages (          
,scripture1 :i* cle>ly ascribe          
ju/ification to fai?1 &1 inde$1 d5y x to
 works4  ,d !y ?9k t ! same is repeat$ s
 (t5 = no purpose8  ,d !y ?9k t ^! words
 fell inconsid]ately f ! ,holy ,gho/8   
,b !y h also devis$ sophi/ry :]eby !y   

elude !m4  ,!y say t ^! passages (      
,scripture1 7:i* speak ( fai?17 ought to
 be receiv$ z ref]r+ to a fides =mata1  
i4e41 !y d n ascribe ju/ification to    
fai? except on acc\nt ( love4  ,yea1 !y 
d n1 9 any way1 ascribe ju/ification to 
fai?1 b only to love1 because !y dream t
 fai? c coexi/ ) mortal s94  ,:i!r does 
?is t5d1 unless t !y aga9 aboli% !      
promise & return to ! ,law8  ,if fai?   
receive ! remission ( s9s on acc\nt (   
love1 ! remission ( s9s w always be     
unc]ta91 because we nev] love z mu* z we
 ought1 yea1 we d n love unless our     
he>ts are firmly conv9c$ t ! remission (
 s9s has be5 grant$ u4  ,?us !          
adv]s>ies1 :ile !y require 9 ! remission
 ( s9s & ju/ification confid5ce 9 "o's  
own love1 altoge!r aboli% ! ,gospel     
conc]n+ ! free remission ( s9s2 al?\gh  
at ! same "t1 !y nei!r r5d] ?is love nor
 und]/& x1 unless !y believe t !        
remission ( s9s is freely receiv$4  ,we 
also say t love ought to foll[ fai? z   
,paul also says1 ,gal4 #e1 #f3 ,= 9     

,jesus ,*ri/ nei!r circumcision availe? 
any?+1 nor uncircumcision1 b fai? :i*   
worke? by love4  ,& yet we mu/ n ?9k on 
t acc\nt t by confid5ce 9 ?is love or on
 acc\nt ( ?is love we receive !         
remission ( s9s & reconciliation j z we 
d n receive ! remission ( s9s because ( 
o!r works t foll[4  ,b ! remission ( s9s
 is receiv$ by fai? alone1 &1 inde$1 by 
fai? prop]ly s call$1 because ! promise 
_c be receiv$ except by fai?4  ,b fai?1 
prop]ly s call$1 is t :i* ass5ts to !   
promise is :5 my he>t1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ 9
 ! he>t1 says3 ,! promise ( ,god is true
 & c]ta94  ,( ?is fai? ,scripture       
speaks4  ,& because x receives !        
remission ( s9s1 & reconciles u to ,god1
 by ?is fai? we are l ,abraham acc\nt$  
righte\s = ,*ri/'s sake be=e we love & d
 ! works ( ! ,law1 al?\gh love          
necess>ily foll[s4  ,nor1 inde$1 is ?is 
fai? an idle k1 nei!r c x coexi/ )      
mortal s91 b x is a "w ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 
:]eby we are fre$ f dea?1 & t]rifi$ m9ds
 are enc\rag$ & quick5$4  ,& because ?is

 fai? alone receives ! remission ( s9s1 
& r5d]s u acceptable to ,god1 & br+s !  
,holy ,gho/1 x c\ld be m correctly call$
 gratia gratum faci5s1 grace r5d]+ "o   
pleas+ to ,god1 ?an an effect foll[+1   
namely1 love4  ,?us f>1 9 ord] t !      
subject might be made q cle>1 we h %[n )
 suffici5t fulness1 bo? f te/imonies (  
,scripture1 & argum5ts d]iv$ f          
,scripture1 t by fai? alone we obta9 !  
remission ( s9s = ,*ri/'s sake1 & t by  
fai? alone we are ju/ifi$1 i4e41 (      
unrighte\s m5 made righte\s1 or         
reg5]at$4  ,b h[ necess>y ! k ( ?is fai?
 is1 c be easily judg$1 because 9 ?is   
alone ! (fice ( ,*ri/ is recogniz$1 by  
?is alone we receive ! b5efits ( ,*ri/2 
?is alone br+s sure & firm consolation  
to pi\s m9ds4  ,& 9 ! ,*ur* if !re is to
 be a *ur*1 if !re is to be a ,*ri/ian  
,cre$1 x is necess>y t !re %\ld be !    
prea*+ & doctr9e by :i* consci5ces are n
 made to rely on a dream or to build on 
a f\ndation ( s&1 b f :i* ! pi\s may    
receive ! sure hope ( salvation4  ,= !  

adv]s>ies give m5 bad advice !re=e !    
adv]s>ies are truly unfai?ful bi%ops1   
unfai?ful prea*]s & doctors2 !y h hi!rto
 giv5 evil c\nsel to consci5ces1 & /ill 
d s by introduc+ su* doctr9e :5 !y bid  
!m d\bt :e!r !y obta9 remission ( s9s4  
,= h[ w su* p]sons su/a9 !mselves 9 dea?
 :o h he>d no?+ ( ?is fai?1 & ?9k t !y  
ought to d\bt :e!r !y obta9 ! remission 
( s9s8  ,besides x is necess>y t 9 !    
,*ur* ( ,*ri/ ! ,gospel be reta9$1 i4e41
 ! promise t = ,*ri/'s sake s9s are     
freely remitt$4  ,^? :o tea* no?+ ( ?is 
fai?1 conc]n+ :i* we speak1 altoge!r    
aboli% ! ,gospel4  ,b ! s*ola/ics m5tion
 n ev5 a ^w conc]n+ ?is fai?4  ,our     
adv]s>ies foll[ !m1 & reject ?is fai?4  
,nor d !y see t1 by reject+ ?is fai?1 !y
 aboli% ! entire promise conc]n+ ! free 
remission ( s9s & ! righte\sness (      
,*ri/4     ,"p #f   ,article ,,iii3 ,(  
,love & ! ,fulfill+ ( ! ,law4  ,"h !    
adv]s>ies urge aga9/ u3 ,if ?\ wilt ent]
 into life1 keep ! comm&m5ts1 ,matt4    
#ai1 #ag2 likewise3 ,! do]s ( ! ,law    

%all be ju/ifi$1 ,rom4 #b1 #ac1 & _m o!r
 l ?+s conc]n+ ! ,law & works4  ,be=e we
 reply to ?is1 we mu/ fir/ decl>e :at we
 believe conc]n+ love & ! fulfill+ ( !  
,law4  ,x is writt5 9 ! prophet1 ,j]4   
#ca1 #cc3 ,i w put ,my ,law 9 _! inw>d  
p>ts1 & write x 9 _! he>ts4  ,& 9 ,rom4 
#c1 #ca ,paul says3 ,d we1 !n1 make void
 ! ,law ?r\gh fai?8  ,god =bid6  ,yea1  
we e/abli% ! ,law4  ,& ,*ri/ says1      
,matt4 #ai1 #ag3 ,if ?\ wilt ent] into  
life1 keep ! comm&m5ts4  ,likewise1 #a  
,cor4 #ac1 #c3 ,if ,i h n *>ity1 x      
pr(ite? me no?+4  ,^! & simil> s5t5ces  
te/ify t ! ,law ought to be begun 9 u1 &
 be kept by u m & m t we are to keep !  
,law :5 we h be5 ju/ifi$ by fai?1 & ?us 
increase m & m 9 ! ,_s4 ,moreov]1 we    
speak n ( c]emonies1 b ( t ,law :i*     
gives comm&m5t conc]n+ ! movem5ts ( !   
he>t1 namely1 ! ,decalog4  ,because1    
inde$1 fai? br+s ! ,holy ,gho/1 &       
produces 9 he>ts a new life1 x is       
necess>y t x %\ld produce spiritual     
movem5ts 9 he>ts4  ,& :at ^! movem5ts   

are1 ! prophet1 ,j]4 #ca1 #cc1 %[s1 :5  
he says3 ,i w put ,my ,law into _! inw>d
 p>ts1 & write x 9 _! he>ts4  ,!re=e1 :5
 we h be5 ju/ifi$ by fai? & reg5]at$1 we
 beg9 to fe> & love ,god1 to pray to    
,him1 to expect f ,him aid1 to give     
?anks & praise ,him & to obey ,him 9    
afflictions4  ,we beg9 also to love our 
neighbors1 because our he>ts h spiritual
 & holy movem5ts !re is n[1 ?r\gh ! ,_s 
( ,*ri/ a new he>t m9d1 & _s )94  ,^!   
?+s _c occur until we h be5 ju/ifi$ by  
fai?1 &1 reg5]at$1 we receive ! ,holy   
,gho/3 fir/1 because ! ,law _c be kept  
)\t ! k ( ,*ri/2 & likewise ! ,law _c be
 kept )\t ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,b ! ,holy    
,gho/ is receiv$ by fai?1 accord+ to !  
decl>ation ( ,paul1 ,gal4 #c1 #ad3 ,t we
 might receive ! promise ( ! ,_s ?r\gh  
fai?4  ,!n1 too1 h[ c ! human he>t love 
,god :ile x kn[s t ,he is t]ribly angry1
 & is oppress+ u ) temporal & p]petual  
calamities8  ,b ! ,law always accuses u1
 always %[s t ,god is angry4  ,!re=e1   
:at ! s*ola/ics say ( ! love ( ,god is a

 dream4 ,god !re=e is n lov$ until we   
appreh5d m]cy by fai?4 ,n until !n does 
,he become a lovable object4  ,al?\gh1  
!re=e1 civil works1 i4e41 ! outw>d works
 ( ! ,law1 c be done1 9 a measure1 )\t  
,*ri/ & )\t ! ,holy ,gho/ f our inborn  
light1 nev]!less x appe>s f :at we h    
said t ^? ?+s :i* belong peculi>ly to ! 
div9e ,law1 i4e41 ! affections ( ! he>t 
t[>ds ,god1 :i* are comm&$ 9 ! fir/     
table1 _c be r5d]$ )\t ! ,holy ,gho/4   
,b our adv]s>ies are f9e !ologians2 !y  
reg>d ! second table & political works2 
= ! fir/ table 9 :i* is conta9$ ! highe/
 !ology1 on :i* all dep5ds !y c>e no?+1 
z ?\gh x 7 ( no matt]2 or c]ta9ly !y    
require only outw>d obs]vances4  ,!y 9  
no way consid] ! ,law t is et]nal1 &    
plac$ f> above ! s5se & intellect ( all 
creatures :i* conc]ns ! v ,deity1 & !   
honor ( ! et]nal ,maje/y1 ,deut4 #f1 #e3
 ,?\ %alt love ! ,"l1 ?y ,god ) all ?9e 
he>t4  ,?is !y treat z su* a paltry     
small matt] z if x did n belong to      
!ology4  ,b ,*ri/ 0 giv5 = ?is purpose1 

namely1 t = ,8 sake !re might be be/[$  
on u ! remission ( s9s1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ 
to br+ =? 9 u new & et]nal life1 &      
et]nal righte\sness to manife/ ,*ri/ 9  
our he>ts1 z x is writt5 ,john #af1 #ae3
 ,he %all take ( ! ?+s ( ,m9e1 & %[ !m  
unto y4  ,likewise1 ,he works also o!r  
gifts1 love1 ?anksgiv+1 *>ity1 pati5ce1 
etc44  ,:]e=e ! ,law _c be truly kept   
unless ! ,holy ,gho/ be receiv$ ?r\gh   
fai?4  ,accord+ly1 ,paul says t ! ,law  
is e/abli%$ by fai?1 & n made void2     
because ! ,law c only !n be ?us kept :5 
! ,holy ,gho/ is giv54  ,& ,paul tea*es 
#b ,cor4 #c1 #ae sq41 ! veil t cov]$ !  
face ( ,moses _c be remov$ except by    
fai? 9 ,*ri/1 by :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ is   
receiv$4  ,= he speaks ?us3 ,b ev5 unto 
?is day1 :5 ,moses is read1 ! veil is ^u
 _! he>t4  ,nev]!less1 :5 x %all turn to
 ! ,"l1 ! veil %all be tak5 away4  ,n[ !
 ,"l is t ,_s1 & :]e ! ,_s ( ! ,"l is1  
!re is lib]ty4 ,paul und]/&s by ! veil !
 human op9ion conc]n+ ! entire ,law1 !  
,decalog & ! c]emonies1 namely1 t       

hypocrites ?9k t ext]nal & civil works  
satisfy ! ,law ( ,god & t sacrifices &  
obs]vances ju/ify be=e ,god ex op]e     
op]ato4 ,b !n ?is veil is remov$ f u1   
i4e41 we are fre$ f ?is error1 :5 ,god  
%[s to our he>ts our uncleanness & !    
he9\sness ( s94  ,!n1 = ! fir/ "t1 we   
see t we are f> f fulfill+ ! ,law4  ,!n 
we le>n to "k h[ fle%1 9 security &     
indiff]5ce1 does n fe> ,god1 & is n     
fully c]ta9 t we are reg>d$ by ,god1 b  
imag9es t m5 are born & die by *ance4   
,!n we exp]i5ce t we d n believe t ,god 
=gives & he>s u4  ,b :51 on he>+ !      
,gospel & ! remission ( s9s1 we are     
consol$ by fai?1 we receive ! ,holy     
,gho/1 s t n[ we are able to ?9k aright 
conc]n+ ,god1 & to fe> & believe ,god1  
etc4 ,f ^! facts x is app>5t t ! ,law _c
 be kept )\t ,*ri/ & ! ,holy ,gho/4     
,we1 !re=e1 pr(ess t x is necess>y t !  
,law be begun 9 u1 & t x be obs]v$      
cont9ually m & m4  ,& at ! same "t we   
compreh5d bo? spiritual movem5ts &      
ext]nal good works ! good he>t )9 &     

works )\t4  ,!re=e ! adv]s>ies falsely  
*>ge aga9/ u t our !ologians d n tea*   
good works1 :ile !y n only require ^!1 b
 also %[ h[ !y c be done t ! he>t mu/   
ent] into ^! works1 le/ !y be m]e       
lifeless1 cold works ( hypocrites4  ,!  
result convicts hypocrites1 :o by _! own
 p[]s endeavor to fulfil ! ,law1 t !y _c
 accompli% :at !y attempt4  ,= are !y   
free f hatr$1 envy1 /rife1 ang]1 wra?1  
av>ice1 adult]y1 etc48 ,:y1 ^! vices 7  
n[h]e great] ?an 9 ! cloi/]s & sacr$    
in/itutes4 ,= human nature is f> too    
weak to be able by its own p[]s to resi/
 ! devil1 :o holds z captives all :o h n
 be5 fre$ ?r\gh fai?4  ,!re is ne$ ( !  
p[] ( ,*ri/ aga9/ ! devil1 namely1 t1   
inasmu* z we "k t = ,*ri/'s sake we are 
he>d1 & h ! promise1 we may pray = !    
gov]nance & def5se ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 t we
 may nei!r be deceiv$ & err1 nor be     
impell$ to und]take any?+ contr>y to    
,god's w4  ,o!rwise we %\ld1 e h\r1 fall
 into error & abom9able vices4 ,j z ,ps4
 #fh1 #ah tea*es3 ,?\ ha/ l$ captivity  

captive2 ,?\ ha/ receiv$ gifts = man4   
,= ,*ri/ has ov]come ! devil1 & has giv5
 to u ! promise & ! ,holy ,gho/1 9 ord] 
t1 by div9e aid1 we ourselves also may  
ov]come4 ,& #a ,john #c1 #h3 ,= ?is     
purpose ! ,son ( ,god 0 manife/$1 t ,he 
might de/roy ! works ( ! devil4  ,aga91 
we tea* n only h[ ! ,law c be obs]v$1 b 
also h[ ,god is pleas$ if any?+ be done1
 namely1 n because we r5d] satisfaction 
to ! ,law1 b because we are 9 ,*ri/1 z  
we %all say aft] a little4  ,x is1      
!re=e1 manife/ t we require good works4 
,yea1 we add also ?is1 t x is impossible
 = love to ,god1 ev5 ?\gh x be small1 to
 be sund]$ f fai?1 because ?r\gh ,*ri/  
we come to ! ,fa!r1 &1 ! remission ( s9s
 hav+ be5 receiv$1 we n[ are truly c]ta9
 t we h a ,god1 i4e41 t ,god c>es = u2  
we call ^u ,him1 we give ,him ?anks1 we 
fe> ,him1 we love ,him z ,john tea*es 9 
8 fir/ ,epi/le1 #d1 #ai3 ,we love ,him  
he says1 because ,he fir/ lov$ u1       
namely1 because ,he gave ,8 ,son = u1 & 
=gave u our s9s4  ,?us he indicates t   

fai? prec$es & love foll[s4 ,likewise ! 
fai? ( :i* we speak exi/s 9 rep5tance   
i4e41 x is conceiv$ 9 ! t]rors (        
consci5ce1 :i* feels ! wra? ( ,god aga9/
 our s9s1 & seeks ! remission ( s9s1 &  
to be fre$ f s94  ,& 9 su* t]rors & o!r 
afflictions ?is fai? ought to gr[ & be  
/r5g!n$4  ,:]e=e x _c exi/ 9 ^? :o live 
accord+ to ! fle%1 :o are delight$ by _!
 own lu/s & obey !m4  ,accord+ly1 ,paul 
says1 ,rom4 #h1 #a3 ,!re is1 !re=e1 n[  
no condemnation to !m t are 9 ,*ri/     
,jesus1 :o walk n aft] ! fle%1 b aft] ! 
,_s4  ,s1 too1 vv4 #ab4 #ac3 ,we are    
debtors1 n to ! fle%1 to live aft] !    
fle%4  ,= if ye live aft] ! fle%1 ye    
%all die2 b if ye1 ?r\gh ! ,_s1 d       
mortify ! de$s ( ! body1 ye %all live4  
,:]e=e1 ! fai? :i* receives remission ( 
s9s 9 a he>t t]rifi$ & flee+ f s9 does n
 rema9 9 ^? :o obey _! desires1 nei!r   
does x coexi/ ) mortal s94  ,f ^!       
effects ( fai? ! adv]s>ies select "o1   
namely1 love1 & tea* t love ju/ifies4   
,?us x is cle>ly app>5t t !y tea* only !

 ,law4  ,!y d n tea* t remission ( s9s  
?r\gh fai? is fir/ receiv$4  ,!y d n    
tea* ( ,*ri/ z ,m$iator1 t = ,*ri/'s    
sake we h a graci\s ,god2 b because (   
our love4  ,& yet1 :at ! nature ( ?is   
love is !y d n say1 nei!r c !y say4  ,!y
 proclaim t !y fulfil ! ,law1 al?\gh ?is
 glory belongs prop]ly to ,*ri/2 & !y   
set aga9/ ! judgm5t ( ,god confid5ce 9  
_! own works2 = !y say t !y m]it de     
condigno 7accord+ to righte\sness7 grace
 & et]nal life4  ,?is confid5ce is      
absolutely impi\s & va94  ,= 9 ?is life 
we _c satisfy ! ,law1 because c>nal     
nature does n cease to br+ =? wick$     
dispositions evil incl9ation & desire1  
ev5 ?\gh ! ,_s 9 u resi/s !m4  ,b "s "o 
may ask3 ,s9ce we also confess t love is
 a "w ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & s9ce x is      
righte\sness1 because x is ! fulfill+ ( 
! ,law1 :y d we n tea* t x ju/ifies8    
,to ?is we mu/ reply3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x
 is c]ta9 t we receive remission ( s9s1 
nei!r ?r\gh our love nor = ! sake ( our 
love1 b = ,*ri/'s sake1 by fai? alone4  

,fai? alone1 :i* looks ^u ! promise1 &  
kn[s t = ?is reason x mu/ be reg>d$ z   
c]ta9 t ,god =gives1 because ,*ri/ has n
 di$ 9 va91 etc41 ov]comes ! t]rors ( s9
 & dea?4  ,if any "o d\bts :e!r s9s are 
remitt$ him1 he di%onors ,*ri/1 s9ce he 
judges t 8 s9 is great] or m efficaci\s 
?an ! dea? & promise ( ,*ri/ al?\gh     
,paul says1 ,rom4 #e1 #bj3 ,:]e s9      
ab\nd$1 grace did mu* m ab\nd1 i4e41 t  
m]cy is m compreh5sive m p[]ful1 ri*]1 &
 /rong] ?an s94  ,if any "o ?9ks t he   
obta9s ! remission ( s9s because he     
loves1 he di%onors ,*ri/1 & w discov] 9 
,god's judgm5t t ?is confid5ce 9 8 own  
righte\sness is wick$ & va94  ,!re=e x  
is necess>y t fai? alone reconciles &   
ju/ifies4  ,& z we d n receive remission
 ( s9s ?r\gh o!r virtues ( ! ,law1 or on
 acc\nt ( ^! namely1 on acc\nt (        
pati5ce1 *a/ity1 ob$i5ce t[>ds          
magi/rates1 etc41 & nev]!less ^! virtues
 ought to foll[1 s1 too1 we d n receive 
remission ( s9s because ( love to ,god  
al?\gh x is necess>y t ?is %\ld foll[4  

,besides1 ! cu/om ( spee* is well kn[n t
 by ! same ^w we sometimes compreh5d by 
synecdo*e ! cause & effects4  ,?us 9    
,luke #g1 #dg ,*ri/ says3 ,h] s9s1 :i*  
are _m1 are =giv5 = %e lov$ mu*4  ,=    
,*ri/ int]prets ,himself ?is v passage  
:5 ,he adds3 ,?y fai? ha? sav$ !e4      
,*ri/1 !re=e1 did n mean t ! woman1 by t
 "w ( love1 _h m]it$ ! remission ( s9s4 
,= t is ! reason ,he says3 ,?y fai? ha? 
sat$ !e4  ,b fai? is t :i* freely       
appreh5ds ,god's m]cy on acc\nt ( ,god's
 ,^w :i* relies ^u ,god's m]cy & ,^w1 & 
n ^u "o's own "w4 ,if any "o d5ies t ?is
 is fai? if any "o imag9es t he c rely  
at ! same "t ^u ,god & 8 own works1 he  
does n und]/& at all :at fai? is4  ,= ! 
t]rifi$ consci5ce is n satisfi$ ) its   
own works1 b mu/ cry aft] m]cy1 & is    
com=t$ & enc\rag$ alone by ,god's ,^w4  
,& ! n>rative itself %[s 9 ?is passage  
:at t is :i* ,he calls love4  ,! woman  
came ) ! op9ion conc]n+ ,*ri/ t ) ,him !
 remission ( s9s %\ld be s\ght4  ,?is   
wor%ip is ! highe/ wor%ip ( ,*ri/4      

,no?+ great] c\ld %e ascribe to ,*ri/4  
,to seek f ,him ! remission ( s9s 0     
truly to ackn[l$ge ! ,messiah4  ,n[1 ?us
 to ?9k ( ,*ri/1 ?us to wor%ip ,him1 ?us
 to embrace ,him1 is truly to believe4  
,*ri/1 moreov]1 employ$ ! ^w love n     
t[>ds ! woman1 b aga9/ ! ,ph>isee1      
because ,he contra/$ ! entire wor%ip ( !
 ,ph>isee ) ! entire wor%ip ( ! woman4  
,he reprov$ ! ,ph>isee because he did n 
ackn[l$ge t ,he 0 ! ,messiah1 al?\gh he 
r5d]$ ,him ! outw>d (fices due to a gue/
 & a great & holy man4  ,he po9ts to !  
woman & praises h] wor%ip1 o9tm5t1 te>s1
 etc41 all ( :i* 7 signs ( fai? & a     
confession1 namely1 t ) ,*ri/ %e s\ght !
 remission ( s9s4  ,x is inde$ a great  
example :i*1 n )\t reason1 mov$ ,*ri/ to
 reprove ! ,ph>isee1 :o 0 a wise &      
honorable man1 b n a believ]4  ,he *>ges
 him ) impiety1 & admoni%es him by !    
example ( ! woman1 %[+ !reby t x is     
disgraceful to him1 t1 :ile an unle>n$  
woman believes ,god1 he1 a doctor ( !   
,law1 does n believe1 does n ackn[l$ge !

 ,messiah1 & does n seek f ,him         
remission ( s9s & salvation4  ,?us1     
!re=e1 ,he praises ! entire wor%ip fai? 
) its fruits1 b t[>ds ! ,ph>isee ,he    
names only ! fruits :i* prove to m5 t   
!re is fai? 9 ! he>t z x (t5 occurs 9 ! 
,scriptures t by "o ^w we embrace _m    
?+s2 z bel[ we %all speak at great] l5g?
 9 reg>d to simil> passages1 su* z ,luke
 #aa1 #da3 ,give alms ( su* ?+s z ye h2 
&1 behold1 all ?+s are clean unto y4    
,he requires n only alms1 b also !      
righte\sness ( fai?4  ,?us ,he "h says3 
,h] s9s1 :i* are _m1 are =giv51 = %e    
lov$ mu* i4e41 because %e has truly     
wor%ip$ ,me ) fai? & ! ex]cises & signs 
( fai?4  ,he compreh5ds ! entire wor%ip4
  ,mean:ile ,he tea*es ?is1 t !         
remission ( s9s is prop]ly receiv$ by   
fai?1 al?\gh love1 confession1 & o!r    
good fruits ought to foll[4  ,:]e=e ,he 
does n mean ?is1 t ^! fruits are !      
price1 or are ! propitiation1 because ( 
:i* ! remission ( s9s1 :i* reconciles u 
to ,god1 is giv54  ,we are disput+      

conc]n+ a great subject1 conc]n+ ! honor
 ( ,*ri/1 & :5ce good m9ds may seek =   
sure & firm consolation :e!r confid5ce  
is to be plac$ 9 ,*ri/ or 9 our works4  
,n[1 if x is to be plac$ 9 our works1 ! 
honor ( ,m$iator & ,propitiator w be    
)drawn f ,*ri/4 ,& yet we %all f9d1 9   
,god's judgm5t1 t ?is confid5ce is va91 
& t consci5ces ru% !nce into despair4   
,b if ! remission ( s9s & reconciliation
 d n occur freely = ,*ri/'s sake1 b = ! 
sake ( our love1 no "o w h remission (  
s9s1 unless :5 he has fulfill$ ! entire 
,law1 because ! ,law does n ju/ify z    
long z x c accuse u4  ,!re=e x is       
manife/ t1 s9ce ju/ification is         
reconciliation = ,*ri/'s sake we are    
ju/ifi$ by fai?1 because x is v c]ta9 t 
by fai? alone ! remission ( s9s is      
receiv$4  ,n[1 !re=e1 let u reply to !  
objection :i* we h above /at$3 ,:y does 
love n ju/ify anybody be=e ,god8 ,!     
adv]s>ies are "r 9 ?9k+ t love is !     
fulfill+ ( ! ,law1 & ob$i5ce to ! ,law  
is c]ta9ly righte\sness4  ,!re=e x w\ld 

be true t love ju/ifies u if we w\ld    
keep ! ,law4 ,b :o 9 tru? c say or boa/ 
t he keeps ! ,law1 & loves ,god z ! ,law
 has comm&$8  ,we h %[n above t ,god has
 made ! promise ( grace1 because we _c  
obs]ve ! ,law4  ,!re=e ,paul says       
ev]y:]e t we _c be ju/ifi$ be=e ,god by 
! ,law4 ,b !y make a mi/ake 9 ?is t !y  
?9k t we are ju/ifi$ by ! ,law4  ,!     
adv]s>ies h to fail at ?is po9t1 & miss 
! ma9 issue1 = 9 ?is bus9ess !y only    
behold ! ,law4  ,= all m5's reason &    
wisdom _c b hold t we mu/ become pi\s by
 ! ,law1 & t a p]son ext]nally obs]v+ ! 
,law is holy & pi\s4  ,b ! ,gospel faces
 u ab\t1 directs u away f ! ,law to !   
div9e promises1 & tea*es t we are n     
ju/ifi$1 etc4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 we are n    
ju/ifi$ by ! ,law because no p]son c    
keep x1 b receive remission ( s9s &     
reconciliation by fai? = ,*ri/'s sake1 &
 n = ! sake ( love or ! fulfill+ ( !    
,law1 x foll[s necess>ily t we are      
ju/ifi$ by fai? 9 ,*ri/4  ,= be=e we    
fulfil "o tittle ( ! ,law1 !re mu/ be   

fai? 9 ,*ri/ by :i* we are reconcil$ to 
,god & fir/ obta9 ! remission ( s94     
,good ,god1 h[ d>e p call !mselves      
,*ri/ians or say t !y once at lea/ look$
 into or read ! books ( ! ,gospel :5 !y 
/ill d5y t we obta9 remission ( s9s by  
fai? 9 ,*ri/8  ,:y1 to a ,*ri/ian x is  
%ock+ m]ely to he> su* a /atem5t4       
,aga91 9 ! second place1 ?is fulfill+ ( 
! ,law or ob$i5ce t[>ds ! ,law1 is inde$
 righte\sness1 :5 x is complete2 b 9 u x
 is small & impure4  ,=1 al?\gh !y h    
receiv$ ! fir/-fruits ( ! ,_s1 & ! new1 
yea ! et]nal life has begun 9 !m1 !re   
/ill rema9s a remnant ( s9 & evil lu/1 &
 ! ,law /ill f9ds mu* ( :i* x mu/ accuse
 u4 ,accord+ly1 x is n pleas+ = its own 
sake1 & is n accept$ = its own sake4  ,b
 al?\gh f ^? ?+s :i* h be5 said above x 
is evid5t t ju/ification signifies n !  
beg9n+ ( ! r5ewal1 b ! reconciliation by
 :i* also we aft]w>ds are accept$1      
nev]!less x c n[ be se5 mu* m cle>ly t !
 in*oate fulfill+ ( ! ,law does n       
ju/ify1 because x is accept$ only on    

acc\nt ( fai?4  ,tru/+ 9 our own        
fulfilm5t ( ! ,law is %e] idolatry &    
blasphem+ ,*ri/1 & 9 ! end x collapses &
 causes our consci5ces to despair4      
,!re=e1 ?is f\ndation %all /& =ev]1     
namely1 t = ,*ri/'s sake we are accept$ 
) ,god1 & ju/ifi$ by fai?1 n on acc\nt (
 our love & works4  ,?is we %all make s 
pla9 & c]ta9 t anybody may grasp x4  ,z 
long z ! he>t is n at peace ) ,god1 x _c
 be righte\s1 = x flees f ! wra? ( ,god1
 despairs1 & w\ld h ,god n to judge x4  
,!re=e ! he>t _c be righte\s & accept$ )
 ,god :ile x is n at peace ) ,god4  ,n[1
 fai? alone makes ! he>t to be cont5t1 &
 obta9s peace & life ,rom4 #e1 #a1      
because x confid5tly & frankly relies on
 ! promise ( ,god = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,b   
our works d n make ! he>t cont5t1 = we  
always f9d t !y are n pure4  ,!re=e x   
mu/ foll[ t we are accept$ ) ,god1 &    
ju/ifi$ by fai? alone1 :5 9 our he>ts we
 conclude t ,god desires to be graci\s  
to u1 n on acc\nt ( our works &         
fulfilm5t ( ! ,law1 b f pure grace1 =   

,*ri/'s sake4  ,:at c our oppon5ts br+  
=w>d aga9/ ?is argum5t8  ,:at c !y inv5t
 & devise aga9/ ! pla9 tru?8 ,= ?is is q
 c]ta91 & exp]i5ce tea*es =cibly en\gh1 
t :5 we truly feel ! judgm5t & wra? (   
,god1 or become afflict$1 our works &   
wor%ip _c set ! he>t at re/4 ,scripture 
indicates ?is (t5 en\gh z 9 ,ps4 #adc1  
#b3 ,ent] n into judgm5t ) ,?y s]vant2 =
 9 ,?y sight %all no man liv+ be        
ju/ifi$4  ,"h he cle>ly %[s t all !     
sa9ts1 all ! pi\s *ildr5 ( ,god1 :o h ! 
,holy ,gho/1 if ,god w\ld n by grace    
=give !m _! s91 /ill h remnants ( s9 9 !
 fle%4 ,= :5 ,david 9 ano!r place1 ,ps4 
#g1 #h1 says3 ,judge me ,o ,"l1 accord+ 
to my righte\sness1 he ref]s to 8 cause1
 & n to 8 righte\sness1 & asks ,god to  
protect 8 cause & ^w1 = he says3 ,judge1
 ,o ,"l1 my cause4  ,aga91 9 ,ps4 #acj1 
#c he cle>ly /ates t no p]son1 n ev5 !  
greate/ sa9ts1 c be> ,god's judgm5t1 if 
,he 7 to obs]ve our iniquity1 z he says3
 ,if ,?\1 ,"l1 %\lde/ m>k iniquity1 ,o  
,"l1 :o %all /&6  ,& ?us says ,job1 #i1 

#bh3 ,i 0 afraid ( all my works 7,engl4 
v]s41 sorr[s74 ,likewise *ap4 #i1 #cj3  
,if ,i wa% myself ) sn[-wat]1 & make my 
h&s nev] s clean1 yet %alt ,?\ plunge me
 9 ! dit*4  ,& ,prov4 #bj1 #i3 ,:o c    
say1 ,i h made my he>t clean8  ,& #a    
,john #a1 #h3 ,if we say t we h no s91  
we deceive ourselves & ! tru? is n 9 u4 
,& 9 ! ,"l's ,pray] ! sa9ts ask = !     
=giv5ess ( s9s4  ,!re=e ev5 ! sa9ts h   
guilt & s9s4 ,aga9 9 ,num4 #ad1 #ah3 ,! 
innoc5t w n be innoc5t4  ,& ,ze*>iah1   
#b1 #ac1 says3 ,be sil5t ,o all fle%1   
be=e ! ,"l4  ,& ,isaiah #dj1 #f sqq43   
,all fle% is grass1 i4e41 fle% &        
righte\sness ( ! fle% _c endure !       
judgm5t ( ,god4  ,& ,jonah says1 #b1 #i3
 ,!y t obs]ve ly+ vanities =sake _! own 
m]cy4  ,!re=e1 pure m]cy pres]ves u1 our
 own works1 m]its1 endeavors1 _c pres]ve
 u4  ,^! & simil> decl>ations 9 !       
,scriptures te/ify t our works are      
unclean1 & t we ne$ m]cy4 ,:]e=e works d
 n r5d] consci5ces pacifi$ b only m]cy  
appreh5d$ by fai? does4 ,nor mu/ we tru/

 t we are acc\nt$ righte\s be=e ,god by 
our own p]fection & fulfill+ ( ! ,law1 b
 r = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,fir/ 9 ! ?ird      
place1 because ,*ri/ does n cease to be 
,m$iator aft] we h be5 r5ew$4  ,!y err  
:o imag9e t ,he has m]it$ only a fir/   
grace1 & t aft]w>ds we please ,god &    
m]it et]nal life by our fulfill+ ( !    
,law4  ,*ri/ rema9s ,m$iator1 & we ought
 always to be confid5t t = ,8 sake we h 
a reconcil$ ,god ev5 al?\gh we are      
unwor?y4  ,z ,paul cle>ly tea*es :5 he  
says ,by :om also we h access to ,god1  
,rom4 #e1 #b4 ,= our be/ works1 ev5 aft]
 ! grace ( ! ,gospel has be5 receiv$1 z 
,i /at$1 are /ill weak & n at all pure4 
,= s9 & ,adam's fall are n su* a trifl+ 
?+ z reason holds or imag9es1 x exce$s !
 reason & ?\ght ( all m5 to und]/& :at a
 horrible wra? ( ,god has be5 h&$ on to 
u by t disob$i5ce4  ,!re occurr$ a %ock+
 corruption ( ! entire human nature1 :i*
 no "w ( man1 b only ,god ,himself1 c   
re/ore1 #a ,cor4 #d1 #d3 ,i "k no?+ by  
myself1 yet am ,i n h]eby ju/ifi$1 b he 

kn[s t by fai? he is acc\nt$ righte\s = 
,*ri/'s sake1 accord+ to ! passage3     
,bless$ are !y ^: iniquities are =giv51 
,ps4 #cb1 #a2 ,rom4 #d1 #g4 ,!re=e we   
ne$ grace1 & ! graci\s goodness ( ,god1 
& ! =giv5ess ( s91 al?\gh we h done _m  
good works4 ,b ?is remission is always  
receiv$ by fai?4  ,likewise1 !          
imputation ( ! righte\sness ( ! ,gospel 
is f ! promise2 !re=e x is always       
receiv$ by fai?1 & x always mu/ be      
reg>d$ c]ta9 t by fai? we are = ,*ri/'s 
sake1 acc\nt$ righte\s4  ,if ! reg5]ate 
ought aft]w>ds to ?9k t !y w be accept$ 
on acc\nt ( ! fulfill+ ( ! ,law1 :5 w\ld
 consci5ce be c]ta9 t x pleas$ ,god1    
s9ce we nev] satisfy ! ,law8            
,accord+ly1 we mu/ always recur to !    
promise2 by ?is our infirmity mu/ be    
su/a9$1 & we mu/ reg>d x z c]ta9 t we   
are acc\nt$ righte\s = ! sake ( ,*ri/1  
:o is ev] at ! "r h& ( ,god1 :o also    
make? int]cession = u1 ,rom4 #h1 #cd4   
,if any "o ?9k t he is righte\s &       
accept$ on acc\nt ( 8 own fulfilm5t ( ! 

,law1 & n on acc\nt ( ,*ri/'s promise1  
he di%onors ?is ,high ,prie/4 ,nei!r c x
 be und]/ood h[ "o c\ld imag9e t man is 
righte\s be=e ,god :5 ,*ri/ is exclud$ z
 ,propitiator & ,m$iator4  ,aga9 9 !    
f\r? place1 :at ne$ is !re ( a long     
discussion8 ,if we 7 to ?9k t1 aft] we h
 come to ! ,gospel & are born aga91 we 7
 to m]it by our works t ,god be graci\s 
to u1 n by fai?1 consci5ce w\ld nev] f9d
 re/1 b w\ld be driv5 to despair4  ,= ! 
,law unceas+ly accuses u1 s9ce we nev] c
 satisfy ! ,law4 ,all ,scripture1 all ! 
,*ur* cries out t ! ,law _c be satisfi$4
  ,!re=e ?is in*oate fulfilm5t ( ! ,law 
does n please on its own acc\nt1 b on   
acc\nt ( fai? 9 ,*ri/4  ,o!rwise ! ,law 
always accuses u4  ,= :o loves or fe>s  
,god suffici5tly8  ,:o ) suffici5t      
pati5ce be>s ! afflictions impos$ by    
,god8  ,:o does n frequ5tly d\bt :e!r   
human affairs are rul$ by ,god's c\nsel 
or by *ance8  ,:o does n frequ5tly d\bt 
:e!r he be he>d by ,god8  ,:o is n      
frequ5tly enrag$ because ! wick$ enjoy a

 bett] lot ?an ! pi\s1 because ! pi\s   
are oppress$ by ! wick$8  ,:o does      
satisfaction to 8 own call+8  ,:o loves 
8 neighbor z himself8  ,:o is n tempt$  
by lu/8  ,accord+ly ,paul says1 ,rom4   
#g1 #ai3 ,! good t ,i w\ld ,i d n2 b !  
evil :i* ,i w\ld n t ,i d4  ,likewise v4
 #be3 ,) ! m9d ,i myself s]ve ! ,law (  
,god1 b ) ! fle%1 ! law ( s94  ,"h he   
op5ly decl>es t he s]ves ! law ( s94  ,&
 ,david says1 ,ps4 #adc1 #b3 ,ent] n    
into judgm5t ) ,?y s]vant2 = 9 ,?y sight
 %all no man liv+ be ju/ifi$4  ,"h ev5 a
 s]vant ( ,god prays = ! av]t+ (        
judgm5t4  ,likewise ,ps4 #cb1 #b3       
,bless$ is ! man unto :om ! ,"l impute? 
n iniquity4 ,!re=e1 9 ?is our infirmity 
!re is always pres5t s91 :i* c\ld be    
imput$1 & ( :i* he says a little :ile   
aft]1 v4 #f3 ,= ?is %all e "o t is godly
 pray unto ,!e4  ,"h he %[s t ev5 sa9ts 
ought to seek remission ( s9s4  ,m ?an  
bl9d are ^? :o d n p]ceive t wick$      
desires 9 ! fle% are s9s1 ( :i* ,paul1  
,gal4 #e1 #ag1 says3 ,! fle% lu/e? aga9/

 ! ,_s1 & ! ,_s aga9/ ! fle%4  ,! fle%  
di/ru/s ,god1 tru/s 9 pres5t ?+s1 seeks 
human aid 9 calamities1 ev5 contr>y to  
,god's w1 flees f afflictions1 :i* x    
ought to be> because ( ,god's comm&s1   
d\bts conc]n+ ,god's m]cy1 etc4 ,! ,holy
 ,gho/ 9 our he>ts cont5ds ) su*        
dispositions ) ,adam's s9 9 ord] to     
suppress & mortify !m ?is poison ( ! old
 ,adam1 ?is desp]ately wick$            
disposition1 & to produce new spiritual 
movem5ts4  ,b conc]n+ ?is topic we w    
collect m te/imonies bel[1 al?\gh !y are
 ev]y:]e obvi\s n only 9 ! ,scriptures1 
b also 9 ! holy ,fa!rs4  ,well does     
,augu/9e say3 ,all ! comm&m5ts ( ,god   
are fulfill$ :5 :atev] is n done1 is    
=giv54  ,!re=e he requires fai? ev5 9   
good works :i* ! ,holy ,_s produces 9 u1
 9 ord] t we may believe t = ,*ri/'s    
sake we please ,god1 & t ev5 ! works are
 n ( !mselves wor?y & pleas+4  ,&       
,j]ome1 aga9/ ! ,pelagians1 says3 ,!n1  
!re=e1 we are righte\s :5 we confess t  
we are s9n]s1 & t our righte\sness      

consi/s n 9 our own m]it1 b 9 ,god's    
m]cy4  ,!re=e1 9 ?is in*oate fulfilm5t (
 ! ,law1 fai? ought to be pres5t1 :i* is
 c]ta9 t = ,*ri/'s sake we h a reconcil$
 ,god4  ,= m]cy _c be appreh5d$ unless  
by fai?1 z has be5 repeat$ly said above4
  ,!re=e ^? :o tea* t we are n accept$  
by fai? = ,*ri/'s sake b = ! sake ( our 
own works1 lead consci5ces into despair4
 ,:]e=e1 :5 ,paul says1 ,rom4 #c1 #ca3  
,we e/abli% ! ,law ?r\gh fai?1 by ?is we
 ought to und]/&1 n only t ^? reg5]at$  
by fai? receive ! ,holy ,gho/1 & h      
movem5ts agree+ ) ,god's ,law1 b x is by
 f> ( ! greate/ importance t we add also
 ?is1 t we ought to p]ceive t we are f> 
di/ant f ! p]fection ( ! ,law4  ,:]e=e  
we _c conclude t we are acc\nt$ righte\s
 be=e ,god because ( our fulfill+ ( !   
,law1 b 9 ord] t ! consci5ce may become 
tranquil1 ju/ification mu/ be s\ght     
else:]e4  ,= we are n righte\s be=e ,god
 z long z we flee f ,god's judgm5t1 &   
are angry ) ,god4  ,!re=e we mu/        
conclude t1 be+ reconcil$ by fai?1 we   

are acc\nt$ righte\s = ,*ri/'s sake1 n =
 ! sake ( ! ,law or our works1 b t ?is  
in*oate fulfill+ ( ! ,law pleases on    
acc\nt ( fai?1 & t1 on acc\nt ( fai?1   
!re is no imputation ( ! imp]fection ( !
 fulfill+ ( ! ,law1 ev5 ?\gh ! sight (  
our impurity t]rifies u4  ,n[1 if       
ju/ification is to be s\ght else:]e1 our
 love & works d n !re=e ju/ify4  ,f>    
above our purity1 yea1 f> above ! ,law  
itself ought to be plac$ ! dea? &       
satisfaction ( ,*ri/1 pres5t$ to u t we 
might be sure t because ( ?is           
satisfaction1 & n because ( our fulfill+
 ( ! ,law1 we h a graci\s ,god4  ,paul  
tea*es ?is 9 ,gal4 #c1 #ac1 :5 he says3 
,*ri/ ha? r$eem$ u f ! curse ( ! ,law1  
be+ made a curse = u1 i4e4 ! ,law       
condemns all m51 b ,*ri/1 because )\t s9
 ,he has borne ! puni%m5t ( s91 & be5   
made a victim = u has remov$ t "r ( !   
,law to accuse & condemn ^? :o believe 9
 ,him1 because ,he ,himself is !        
propitiation = !m = ^: sake we are n[   
acc\nt$ righte\s4  ,b s9ce !y are       

acc\nt$ righte\s1 ! ,law _c accuse or   
condemn !m1 ev5 ?\gh !y h n actually    
satisfi$ ! ,law4  ,to ! same purport he 
writes to ! ,colossians1 #b1 #aj3 ,ye   
are complete 9 ,him1 z ?\gh he 7 to say3
 ,al?\gh ye are /ill f> f ! p]fection ( 
! ,law1 yet ! remnants ( s9 d n condemn 
y1 because = ,*ri/'s sake we h a sure & 
firm reconciliation1 if y believe1 ev5  
?\gh s9 inh]e 9 y\r fle%4  ,! promise   
ought always to be 9 sight t ,god1      
because ( ,8 promise1 wi%es = ,*ri/'s   
sake1 & n because ( ! ,law or our works1
 to be graci\s & to ju/ify4  ,9 ?is     
promise timid consci5ces ought to seek  
reconciliation & ju/ification1 by ?is   
promise !y ought to su/a9 !mselves1 & be
 confid5t t = ,*ri/'s sake1 because ( ,8
 promise1 !y h a graci\s ,god4 ,?us     
works c nev] r5d] a consci5ce pacifi$1 b
 only ! promise c4  ,if1 !re=e1         
ju/ification & peace ( consci5ce mu/ be 
s\ght else:]e ?an 9 love & works1 love &
 works d n ju/ify1 al?\gh !y are virtues
 & p]ta9 to ! righte\sness ( ! ,law1 9 s

 f> z !y are a fulfill+ ( ! ,law4  ,s f>
 also ?is ob$i5ce ( ! ,law ju/ifies by !
 righte\sness ( ! ,law4  ,b ?is imp]fect
 righte\sness ( ! ,law is n accept$ by  
,god1 unless on acc\nt ( fai?4          
,accord+ly x does n ju/ify1 i4e41 x     
nei!r reconciles1 nor reg5]ates1 nor by 
itself r5d]s u accept$ be=e ,god4  ,f   
?is x is evid5t t we are ju/ifi$ be=e   
,god by fai? alone i4e41 x obta9s !     
remission ( s9s & grace = ,*ri/'s sake &
 reg5]ates u4  ,likewise1 x is q cle> t 
by fai? alone ! ,holy ,gho/ is receiv$2 
aga91 t our works & ?is in*oate fulfill+
 ( ! ,law d n by !mselves please ,god4  
,n[1 ev5 if ,i ab\nd 9 good works l     
,paul or ,pet]1 ,i mu/ seek my          
righte\sness else:]e1 namely1 9 !       
promise ( ! grace ( ,*ri/1 aga91 if only
 fai? calms ! consci5ce1 x mu/1 inde$ be
 c]ta9 t only fai? ju/ifies be=e ,god4  
,=1 if we wi% to tea* correctly1 we mu/ 
adh]e to ?is1 t we are accept$ ) ,god n 
on acc\nt ( ! ,law1 n on acc\nt ( works1
 b = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,= ! honor1 due     

,*ri/1 mu/ n be giv5 to ! ,law or       
our-mis]able works4 because by fai?     
alone we receive remission ( s9s &      
reconciliation1 because reconciliation  
or ju/ification is a matt] promis$ =    
,*ri/'s sake1 & n = ! sake ( ! ,law4    
,!re=e x is receiv$ by fai? alone1      
al?\gh1 :5 ! ,holy ,gho/ is giv51 !     
fulfill+ ( ! ,law foll[s4     ,"p #g    
,reply to ! ,argum5ts ( ! ,adv]s>ies4   
,n[1 :5 ! gr\nds ( ?is case h be5       
und]/ood1 namely1 ! di/9ction betwe5 !  
,law & ! promises1 or ! ,gospel1 x w be 
easy to resolve ! objections ( !        
adv]s>ies4  ,= !y cite passages conc]n+ 
! ,law & works1 & omit passages conc]n+ 
! promises4  ,b a reply c once = all be 
made to all op9ions conc]n+ ! ,law1     
namely1 t ! ,law _c be obs]v$ )\t ,*ri/1
 & t if civil works are wr\ght )\t      
,*ri/1 !y d n please ,god4  ,god is n   
pleas$ ) ! p]son4 ,:]e=e1 :5 works are  
comm5d$1 x is necess>y to add t fai? is 
requir$1 t !y are comm5d$ on acc\nt (   
fai?1 t !y are ! fruits & te/imonies (  

fai?4  ,?is our doctr9e is1 inde$1 pla92
 x ne$ n fe> ! light1 & may be held     
aga9/ ! ,holy ,scriptures4  ,we h also  
cle>ly & correctly pres5t$ x "h1 if any 
w receive in/ruction & n kn[+ly d5y !   
tru?4  ,= rightly to und]/& ! b5efit (  
,*ri/ & ! great treasure ( ! ,gospel    
7:i* ,paul extols s greatly71 we mu/    
sep>ate1 on ! "o h&1 ! promise ( ,god & 
! grace t is (f]$1 &1 on ! o!r h& !     
,law1 z f> z ! heav5s are f ! e>?4  ,9  
%aky matt]s _m explanations are ne$$1 b 
9 a good matt] "o or two ?or\ghgo+      
explanations dissolve all objections :i*
 m5 ?9k !y c raise4 ,ambigu\s & dang]\s 
cases produce _m & v>i\s solutions4  ,= 
! judgm5t ( ! anci5t poet is true3  ,an 
unju/ cause1 be+ ,9 ,itself sick1       
requires skilfully appli$ rem$ies4  ,b 9
 j & sure cases "o or two explanations  
d]iv$ f ! s\rces correct all ?+s t seem 
to (f5d4  ,?is occurs also 9 ?is case ( 
ours4  ,= ! rule :i* ,i h j recit$1     
expla9s all ! passages t are cit$       
conc]n+ ! ,law & works namely1 t )\t    

,*ri/ ! ,law _c be truly obs]v$1 &      
al?\gh ext]nal works may be p]=m$1 /ill 
! p]son do+ !m does n please ,god       
outside ( ,*ri/4  ,= we ackn[l$ge t     
,scripture tea*es 9 "s places ! ,law1 & 
9 o!r places ! ,gospel1 or ! gratuit\s  
promise ( ! remission ( s9s = ,*ri/'s   
sake4 ,b our adv]s>ies absolutely aboli%
 ! free promise :5 !y d5y t fai?        
ju/ifies1 & tea* t = ! sake ( love & (  
our works we receive remission ( s9s &  
reconciliation4  ,if ! remission ( s9s  
dep5ds ^u ! condition ( our works1 x is 
altoge!r unc]ta94  ,= we c nev] be c]ta9
 :e!r we d en\gh works1 or :e!r our     
works are suffici5tly holy & pure4 ,?us1
 too1 ! =giv5ess ( s9s is made unc]ta91 
& ! promise ( ,god p]i%es1 z ,paul says1
 ,rom4 #d1 #ad3 ,! promise is made (    
none effect1 & ev]y?+ is r5d]$ unc]ta94 
,!re=e ! promise w be aboli%$4  ,h5ce we
 ref] godly m9ds to ! consid]ation ( !  
promises1 & we tea* conc]n+ ! free      
remission ( s9s & conc]n+               
reconciliation1 :i* occurs ?r\gh fai? 9 

,*ri/4  ,aft]w>ds we add also ! doctr9e 
( ! ,law4 ,n t by ! ,law we m]it !      
remission ( s9s1 or t = ! sake ( ! ,law 
we are accept$ ) ,god1 b because ,god   
requires good works4 ,& x is necess>y to
 divide ^! ?+s aright1 z ,paul says1 #b 
,tim4 #b1 #ae4 ,we mu/ see :at          
,scripture ascribes to ! ,law1 & :at to 
! promises4  ,= x praises works 9 su* a 
way z n to remove ! free promise z to   
place ! promise ( ,god & ! true         
treasure1 ,*ri/1 a ?\s& leagues above x4
  ,= good works are to be done on acc\nt
 ( ,god's comm&1 likewise = ! ex]cise ( 
fai? z ,paul says1 ,eph4 #b1 #aj3 ,we   
are ,8 workman%ip1 creat$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus
 unto good works1 & on acc\nt (         
confession & giv+ ( ?anks4  ,= ^!       
reasons good works ought necess>ily to  
be done1 :i*1 al?\gh !y are done 9 !    
fle% n z yet entirely r5ew$1 t ret>ds ! 
movem5ts ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & imp>ts "s ( 
its uncleanness1 yet1 on acc\nt ( ,*ri/1
 are holy1 div9e works1 sacrifices1 &   
acts p]ta9+ to ! gov]nm5t ( ,*ri/1 :o   

?us displays ,8 k+dom be=e ?is _w4  ,= 9
 ^! ,he sanctifies he>ts & represses !  
devil1 &1 9 ord] to reta9 ! ,gospel     
among m51 op5ly opposes to ! k+dom ( !  
devil ! confession ( sa9ts1 &1 9 our    
weakness1 decl>es ,8 p[]4  ,! dang]s1   
labors1 & s]mons ( ! ,apo/le ,paul1 (   
,a?anasius1 ,augu/9e1 & ! l1 :o taught !
 *ur*es1 are holy works1 are true       
sacrifices acceptable to ,god1 are      
conte/s ( ,*ri/ ?r\gh :i* ,he repress$ !
 devil1 & drove him f ^? :o believ$4    
,david's labors1 9 wag+ w>s & 9 8 home  
gov]nm5t1 are holy works1 are true      
sacrifices1 are conte/s ( ,god1 def5d+ !
 p :o _h ! ,^w ( ,god aga9/ ! devil1 9  
ord] t ! k ( ,god might n be entirely   
ext+ui%$ on e>?4  ,we ?9k ?us also      
conc]n+ e good "w 9 ! humble/ call+s & 9
 private affairs4  ,?r\gh ^! works ,*ri/
 celebrates ,8 victory ov] ! devil1 j z 
! di/ribution ( alms by ! ,cor9?ians1 #a
 ,cor4 #af1 #a1 0 a holy "w & a         
sacrifice & conte/ ( ,*ri/ aga9/ !      
devil1 :o labors t no?+ may be done = ! 

praise ( ,god4  ,to disp>age su* works1 
! confession ( doctr9e1 affliction1     
works ( love1 mortifications ( ! fle%   
w\ld be inde$ to disp>age ! outw>d      
gov]nm5t ( ,*ri/'s k+dom among m54  ,"h 
also we add some?+ conc]n+ rew>ds &     
m]its4  ,we tea* t rew>ds h be5 (f]$ &  
promis$ to ! works ( believ]s4  ,we tea*
 t good works are m]itori\s1 n = !      
remission ( s9s1 = grace or ju/ification
 7= ^! we obta9 only by fai?71 b = o!r  
rew>ds1 bodily & spiritual1 9 ?is life &
 aft] ?is life because ,paul says1 #a   
,cor4 #c1 #h3 ,e man %all receive 8 own 
rew>d1 accord+ to 8 own labor4  ,!re w1 
!re=e1 be diff]5t rew>ds accord+ to     
diff]5t labors4  ,b ! remission ( s9s is
 alike & equal to all1 j z ,*ri/ is "o1 
& is (f]$ freely to all :o believe t =  
,*ri/'s sake _! s9s are remitt$4  ,!re=e
 ! remission ( s9s & ju/ification are   
receiv$ only by fai?1 & n on acc\nt (   
any works1 z is evid5t 9 ! t]rors (     
consci5ce1 because none ( our works c be
 oppos$ to ,god's wra?1 z ,paul cle>ly  

says1 ,rom4 #e1 #a3 ,be+ ju/ifi$ by     
fai?1 toe h peace ) ,god ?r\gh our ,"l  
,jesus ,*ri/1 by :om also we h access by
 fai?1 etc4 ,b because fai? makes sons (
 ,god1 x also makes coheirs ) ,*ri/4    
,!re=e1 because by our works we d n m]it
 ju/ification1 ?r\gh :i* we are made    
sons ( ,god1 & coheirs ) ,*ri/1 we d n  
by our works m]it et]nal life2 = fai?   
obta9s ?is1 because fai? ju/ifies u &   
has a reconcil$ ,god4  ,b et]nal life is
 due ! ju/ifi$1 accord+ to ! passage    
,rom4 #h1 #cj3 ,:om ,he ju/ifi$1 !m ,he 
also glorifi$4  ,paul1 ,eph4 #f1 #b1    
comm5ds to u ! comm&m5t conc]n+ honor+  
p>5ts1 by m5tion ( ! rew>d :i* is add$  
to t comm&m5t :]e he does n mean t      
ob$i5ce to p>5ts ju/ifies u be=e ,god1 b
 t1 :5 x occurs 9 ^? :o h be5 ju/ifi$1 x
 m]its o!r great rew>ds4  ,yet ,god     
ex]cises ,8 sa9ts v>i\sly1 & (t5 def]s !
 rew>ds ( ! righte\sness ( works 9 ord] 
t !y may le>n n to tru/ 9 _! own        
righte\sness1 & may le>n to seek ! w (  
,god r ?an ! rew>ds1 z appe>s 9 ,job1 9 

,*ri/1 & o!r sa9ts4  ,& ( ?is1 _m psalms
 tea* u1 :i* console u aga9/ ! happ9ess 
( ! wick$1 z ,ps4 #cg1 #a3 ,nei!r be ?\ 
envi\s4  ,& ,*ri/ says1 ,matt4 #e1 #aj3 
,bless$ are !y :i* are p]secut$ =       
righte\sness' sake2 = !irs is ! k+dom ( 
heav54  ,by ^! praises ( good works1    
believ]s are und\bt$ly mov$ to d good   
works4  ,mean:ile1 ! doctr9e ( rep5tance
 is also proclaim$ aga9/ ! godless1 ^:  
works are wick$2 & ! wra? ( ,god is     
display$1 :i* ,he has ?reat5$ all :o d n
 rep5t4  ,we !re=e praise & require good
 works1 & %[ _m reasons :y !y ought to  
be done4  ,?us ( works ,paul also tea*es
 :5 he says1 ,rom4 #d1 #i sq41 t        
,abraham receiv$ circumcision1 n 9 ord] 
t by ?is "w he might be ju/ifi$2 = by   
fai? he _h already atta9$ x t he 0      
acc\nt$ righte\s4  ,b circumcision 0    
add$ 9 ord] t he might h 9 8 body a     
writt5 sign1 admoni%$ by :i* he might   
ex]cise fai?1 & by :i* also he might    
confess 8 fai? be=e o!rs1 & by 8        
te/imony might invite o!rs to believe4  

,by fai? ,abel (f]$ unto ,god a m       
excell5t sacrifice1 ,heb4 #aa1 #d4      
,because1 !re=e1 he 0 j by fai?1 !      
sacrifice :i* he made 0 pleas+ to ,god1 
n t by ?is "w he m]it$ ! remission ( s9s
 & grace1 b t he ex]cis$ 8 fai? & %[$ x 
to o!rs1 9 ord] to invite !m to believe4
  ,al?\gh 9 ?is way good works ought to 
foll[ fai?1 m5 :o _c believe & be sure t
 = ,*ri/'s sake !y are freely =giv51 & t
 freely = ,*ri/'s sake !y h a reconcil$ 
,god1 employ works f> o!rwise4  ,:5 !y  
see ! works ( sa9ts1 !y judge 9 a human 
mann] t sa9ts h m]it$ ! remission ( s9s 
& grace ?r\gh ^! works4  ,accord+ly1 !y 
imitate !m1 & ?9k t ?r\gh simil> works  
!y m]it ! remission ( s9s & grace2 !y   
?9k t ?r\gh ^! works !y appease ! wra? (
 ,god1 & atta9 t = ! sake ( ^! works !y 
are acc\nt$ righte\s4  ,?is godless     
op9ion conc]n+ works we condemn4  ,9 !  
fir/ place1 because x obscures ! glory (
 ,*ri/ :5 m5 (f] to ,god ^! works z a   
price & propitiation4  ,?is honor1 due  
to ,*ri/ alone1 is ascrib$ to our works4

  ,secondly1 !y nev]!less d n f9d1 9 ^! 
works1 peace ( consci5ce1 b 9 true      
t]rors1 heap+ up works ^u works1 !y at  
l5g? despair because !y f9d no "w       
suffici5tly pure suffici5tly important &
 preci\s to propitiate ,god1 to obta9 ) 
c]ta9ty et]nal life1 9 a ^w1 to         
tranquilize & pacify ! consci5ce4  ,!   
,law always accuses1 & produces wra?4   
,?irdly1 su* p]sons nev] atta9 ! k (    
,god nor ( ,8 w2 =1 z 9 ang] !y flee f  
,god1 :o judges & afflicts !m1 !y nev]  
believe t !y are he>d4 ,b fai? manife/s 
! pres5ce ( ,god1 s9ce x is c]ta9 t ,god
 freely =gives & he>s u4  ,moreov]1 ?is 
godless op9ion conc]n+ works always has 
exi/$ 9 ! _w /icks to ! _w q tightly4   
,! hea!n _h sacrifices1 d]iv$ f ! fa!rs4
  ,!y imitat$ _! works4 ,_! fai? !y did 
n reta91 b ?\ght t ! works 7 a          
propitiation & price on acc\nt ( :i*    
,god w\ld be reconcil$ to !m4  ,! p 9 ! 
law ! ,israelites imitat$ sacrifices ) !
 op9ion t by means ( ^! works !y w\ld   
appease ,god1 s to say1 ex op]e op]ato4 

,we see "h h[ e>ne/ly ! prophets rebuke 
! p3 ,ps4 #ej1 #h3 ,i w n reprove !e =  
?y sacrifices1 & ,j]4 #g1 #bb3 ,i spake 
n unto y\r fa!rs conc]n+ burnt (f]+s4   
,su* passages condemn n works1 :i* ,god 
c]ta9ly _h comm&$ z outw>d ex]cises 9   
?is gov]nm5t1 b !y condemn ! godless    
op9ion accord+ to :i* !y ?\ght t by ^!  
works !y appeas$ ! wra? ( ,god1 & ?us   
ca/ away fai?4  ,& because no works     
pacify ! consci5ce1 new works1 9        
addition to ,god's comm&s1 7 f "t to "t 
devis$ ! hypocrites nev]!less us$ to    
inv5t "o "w aft] ano!r1 "o sacrifice    
aft] ano!r1 by a bl9d guess & 9 reckless
 wantonness1 & all ?is )\t ! ^w & comm& 
( ,god1 ) wick$ consci5ce z we h se5 9 !
 ,papacy4  ,! p ( ,israel _h se5 !      
prophets sacrific+ on high places & 9   
groves4 ,besides1 ! examples ( ! sa9ts v
 greatly move ! m9ds ( ^?1 hop+ by      
simil> works to obta9 grace j z ^! sa9ts
 obta9$ x4  ,b ! sa9ts believ$4 ,:]e=e !
 p began1 ) rem>kable zeal1 to imitate  
?is "w1 9 ord] t by su* a "w !y might   

appease ! wra? ( ,god !y might m]it     
remission ( s9s1 grace1 & righte\sness4 
,b ! prophets _h be5 sacrific+ on high  
places1 n t by ^! works !y might m]it ! 
remission ( s9s & grace1 b because on ^!
 places !y taught1 &1 accord+ly1 pres5t$
 !re a te/imony ( _! fai?4 ,! p _h he>d 
t ,abraham _h sacrific$ 8 son4  ,:]e=e  
!y also1 9 ord] to appease ,god by a mo/
 cruel & difficult "w1 put to dea? _!   
sons4  ,b ,abraham did n sacrifice 8 son
 ) ! op9ion t ?is "w 0 a price &        
propitiatory "w = ! sake ( :i* he 0     
acc\nt$ righte\s4  ,?us 9 ! ,*ur* !     
,"l's ,supp] 0 in/itut$ t by remembrance
 ( ! promises ( ,*ri/1 ( :i* we are     
admoni%$ 9 ?is sign1 fai? might be      
/r5g!n$ 9 u1 & we might publicly confess
 our fai?1 & proclaim ! b5efits ( ,*ri/1
 z ,paul says1 #a ,cor4 #aa1 #bf3 ,z (t5
 z ye eat ?is bread & dr9k ?is cup1 ye d
 %[ ! ,"l's dea?1 etc4 ,b our adv]s>ies 
cont5d t ! mass is a "w t ju/ifies u ex 
op]e op]ato1 & removes ! guilt &        
liability to puni%m5t 9 ^? = :om x is   

celebrat$1 = ?us writes ,gabriel4       
,an?ony1 ,b]n>d1 ,dom9icus1 ,franciscus1
 & o!r holy ,fa!rs select$ a c]ta9 k9d (
 life ei!r = ! sake ( /udy ( m readily  
read+ ! ,holy ,scriptures or o!r useful 
ex]cises4  ,9 ! mean "t !y believ$ t by 
fai? !y 7 acc\nt$ righte\s = ,*ri/'s    
sake1 & t ,god 0 graci\s to !m1 n on    
acc\nt ( ^? ex]cises ( _! own4  ,b !    
multitude s9ce !n has imitat$ n ! fai? (
 ! ,fa!rs1 b _! example )\t fai?1 9 ord]
 t by su* works !y might m]it !         
remission ( s9s1 grace1 & righte\sness3 
!y did n believe t !y receiv$ ^! freely 
on acc\nt ( ,*ri/ z ,propitiator4 ,?us !
 human m9d always exalts works too      
highly1 & puts !m 9 ! wrong place4  ,&  
?is error ! ,gospel reproves :i* tea*es 
t m5 are acc\nt$ righte\s n = ! sake ( !
 ,law1 b = ! sake ( ,*ri/ alone4  ,*ri/1
 h[ev]1 is appreh5d$ by fai? alone2     
:]e=e we are acc\nt$ righte\s by fai?   
alone = ,*ri/'s sake4 ,?us ! _w judges (
 all works t !y are a propitiation by   
:i* ,god is appeas$2 t !y are a price   

because ( :i* we are acc\nt$ righte\s4  
,x does n believe t ,*ri/ is            
,propitiator2 x does n believe t by fai?
 we freely atta9 t we are acc\nt$       
righte\s = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,&1 nev]!less1
 s9ce works _c pacify ! consci5ce1 o!rs 
are cont9ually *os51 new rites are      
p]=m$1 new v[s made1 & new ord]s ( monks
 =m$ beyond ! comm& ( ,god1 9 ord] t "s 
great "w may be s\ght :i* may be set    
aga9/ ! wra? & judgm5t ( ,god4 ,contr>y 
to ,scripture1 ! adv]s>ies uphold ^!    
godless op9ions conc]n+ works4  ,b to   
ascribe to our works ^! ?+s1 namely1 t  
!y are a propitiation1 t !y m]it !      
remission ( s9s & grace t = ! sake ( ^! 
& n by fai? = ! sake ( ,*ri/ z          
,propitiator we are acc\nt$ righte\s    
be=e ,god1 :at else is ?is ?an to d5y   
,*ri/ ! honor ( ,m$iator & ,propitiator8
  ,al?\gh1 !re=e1 we believe & tea* t   
good works mu/ necess>ily be done 7= !  
in*oate fulfill+ ( ! ,law ought to foll[
 fai?71 nev]!less we give to ,*ri/ ,8   
own honor4  ,we believe & tea* t by     

fai?1 = ,*ri/'s sake1 we are acc\nt$    
righte\s be=e ,god1 t we are n acc\nt$  
righte\s because ( works )\t ,*ri/ z    
,m$iator1 t by works we d n m]it !      
remission ( s9s1 grace1 & righte\sness1 
t we _c set our works aga9/ ! wra? &    
ju/ice ( ,god1 t works _c ov]come !     
t]rors ( s91 b t ! t]rors ( s9 are      
ov]come by fai? alone1 t only ,*ri/ !   
,m$iator is to be pres5t$ by fai? aga9/ 
! wra? & judgm5t ( ,god4  ,if any "o ?9k
 diff]5tly1 he does n give ,*ri/ due    
honor1 :o has be5 set =? t ,he might be 
a ,propitiator1 t ?r\gh ,him we might h 
access to ! ,fa!r4  ,we are speak+ n[ ( 
! righte\sness ?r\gh :i* we treat ) ,god
 n ) m51 b by :i* we appreh5d grace &   
peace ( consci5ce4  ,consci5ce h[ev]1 _c
 be pacifi$ be=e ,god1 unless by fai?   
alone1 :i* is c]ta9 t ,god = ,*ri/'s    
sake is reconcil$ to u1 accord+ to ,rom4
 #e1 #a3 ,be+ ju/ifi$ by fai?1 we h     
peace because ju/ification is only a    
matt] freely promis$ = ,*ri/'s sake1 &  
!re=e is always receiv$ be=e ,god by    

fai? alone4  ,n[1 !n1 we w reply to ^?  
passages :i* ! adv]s>ies cite1 9 ord] to
 prove t we are ju/ifi$ by love & works4
  ,f #a ,cor4 #ac1 #b !y cite3 ,?\gh ,i 
h all fai?1 etc41 & hove n *>ity1 ,i am 
no?+4  ,& "h !y triumph greatly4  ,paul 
te/ifies to ! entire ,*ur*1 !y say1 t   
fai? alone does n ju/ify4  ,b a reply is
 easy aft] we h %[n above :at we hold   
conc]n+ love & works4  ,?is passage (   
,paul requires love4  ,we also require  
?is4  ,= we h said above t r5ewal & !   
in*oate fulfill+ ( ! ,law mu/ exi/ 9 u1 
accord+ to ,j]4 #ca1 #cc3 #a w put ,my  
,law 9 _! inw>d p>ts1 & write x 9 _!    
he>ts4  ,if any "o %\ld ca/ away love1  
ev5 ?\gh he h great fai?1 yet he does n 
reta9 x1 = he does n reta9 ! ,holy ,gho/
 he becomes cold & is n[ aga9 fle%ly1   
)\t ,_s & fai?2 = ! ,holy ,gho/ is n :]e
 ,*ri/ian love & o!r fruits ( ! ,_s are 
n4  ,nor inde$ does ,paul 9 ?is passage 
treat ( ! mode ( ju/ification1 b he     
writes to ^? :o1 aft] !y _h be5 ju/ifi$1
 %\ld be urg$ to br+ =? good fruits le/ 

!y might lose ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,!        
adv]s>ies1 fur!rmore1 treat ! matt]     
prepo/]\sly3 !y cite ?is "o passage1 9  
:i* ,paul tea*es conc]n+ fruits1 !y omit
 v _m o!r passages1 9 :i* 9 a regul>    
ord] he discusses ! mode ( ju/ification4
 ,besides1 !y always add a correction to
 ! o!r passages1 :i* treat ( fai?1      
namely1 t !y ought to be und]/ood z     
apply+ to fides =mata4  ,"h !y add no   
correction t !re is also ne$ ( ! fai? t 
holds t we are acc\nt$ righte\s = ! sake
 ( ,*ri/ z ,propitiator4  ,?us !        
adv]s>ies exclude ,*ri/ f ju/ification1 
& tea* only a righte\sness ( ! ,law4  ,b
 let u return to ,paul4  ,no "o c inf]  
any?+ m f ?is text ?an t love is        
necess>y4  ,?is we confess4  ,s also n  
to commit !ft is necess>y4  ,b ! reason+
 w n be correct if "s "o w\ld desire to 
frame !nce an argum5t su* z ?is3 ,n to  
commit !ft is necess>y4  ,!re=e1 n to   
commit !ft ju/ifies4 ,because           
ju/ification is n ! approval ( a c]ta9  
"w1 b ( ! entire p]son4  ,h5ce ?is      

passage f ,paul does n h>m u2 only !    
adv]s>ies mu/ n 9 imag9ation add to x   
:atev] !y please4  ,= he does n say t   
love ju/ifies1 b3 ,& if ,i h n love ,i  
am no?+1 namely1 t fai?1 h[ev] great x  
may h be51 is ext+ui%$4  ,he does n say 
t love ov]comes ! t]rors ( s9 & ( dea? t
 we c set our love aga9/ ! wra? &       
judgm5t ( ,god1 t our love satisfies    
,god's ,law1 t )\t ,*ri/ z ,propitiator 
we h access1 by our love1 to ,god1 t by 
our love we receive ! promis$ remission 
( s9s4  ,paul says no?+ ( ?is4  ,he does
 n1 !re=e1 ?9k t love ju/ifies1 because 
we are ju/ifi$ only :5 we appreh5d ,*ri/
 z ,propitiator1 & believe t = ,*ri/'s  
sake ,god is reconcil$ to u4  ,nei!r is 
ju/ification ev5 to be dream$ ( ) !     
omission ( ,*ri/ z ,propitiator4  ,if   
!re be no ne$ ( ,*ri/1 if by our love we
 c ov]come dea?1 if by our love1 )\t    
,*ri/ z ,propitiator' we h access to    
,god1 !n let our adv]s>ies remove !     
promise conc]n+ ,*ri/1 !n let !m aboli% 
! ,gospel :i* tea*es t we h access to   

,god ?r\gh ,*ri/ z ,propitiator1 & t we 
are accept$ n = ! sake ( our fulfill+ ( 
! ,law1 b = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,! adv]s>ies 
corrupt v _m passages1 because !y br+ to
 !m _! own op9ions1 & d n d]ive ! mean+ 
f ! passages !mselves4 ,= :at difficulty
 is !re 9 ?is passage if we remove !    
int]pretation :i* ! adv]s>ies1 :o d n   
und]/& :at ju/ification is or h[ x      
occurs :at fai? is1 :at ,*ri/ is1 or h[ 
a man is ju/ifi$ be=e ,god1 out ( _! own
 m9d atta* to x8  ,! ,cor9?ians1 be+    
ju/ifi$ be=e1 _h receiv$ _m excell5t    
gifts4  ,9 ! beg9n+ !y gl[$ ) zeal1 j z 
is g5]ally ! case4  ,!n diss5sions      
factions & sects began to arise among !m
 z ,paul indicates2 !y began to dislike 
good tea*]s4  ,accord+ly1 ,paul reproves
 !m1 recall+ !m to unity & to (fices (  
love4  ,al?\gh ^! are necess>y1 yet x   
w\ld be fooli% to imag9e t works ( !    
,second ,table1 ?r\gh :i* we h to d )   
man & n prop]ly ) ,god1 ju/ify u4  ,b 9 
ju/ification we h to treat ) ,god2 ,8   
wra? mu/ be appeas$1 & consci5ce mu/ be 

pacifi$ ) respect to ,god4  ,none ( ^!  
occur ?r\gh ! works ( ! ,second ,table  
by love1 b only by fai?1 :i* appreh5ds  
,*ri/ & ! promise ( ,god4  ,h[ev]1 x is 
true t los+ love involves los+ ! ,_s &  
fai?4  ,& ?us ,paul says3 ,if ,i h n    
love1 ,i am no?+4  ,b he does n add !   
affirmative /atem5t1 t love ju/ifies 9 !
 sight ( ,god4  ,b !y object t love is  
pref]r$ to fai? & hope4  ,= ,paul says1 
#a ,cor4 #ac1 #ac3 ,! greate/ ( ^! is   
*>ity4  ,n[1 x is reasonable t ! greate/
 & *ief virtue %\ld ju/ify1 al?\gh      
,paul1 9 ?is passage1 prop]ly speaks (  
love t[>ds "o's neighbor1 & indicates t 
love is ! greate/1 because x has mo/    
fruits4  ,fai? & hope h to d only )     
,god2 b love has inf9ite (fices         
ext]nally t[>ds m54  ,love goes =? ^u   
e>? among ! p1 & does mu* good1 by      
consol+1 tea*+1 in/ruct+1 help+1 c\nsel+
 privately & publicly4 ,nev]!less1 let  
u1 inde$1 grant to ! adv]s>ies t love   
t[>ds ,god & our neighbor is ! greate/  
virtue1 because ! *ief comm&m5t is ?is3 

,?\ %alt love ! ,"l1 ?y ,god ,matt4 #bb1
 #cg4 ,b h[ w !y inf] !nce t love       
ju/ifies8  ,! greate/ virtue1 !y say1   
ju/ifies4  ,by no means4  ,x w\ld be    
true if we _h a graci\s ,god because (  
our virtue4  ,n[1 x 0 prov5 above t we  
are accept$ & ju/ifi$ = ,*ri/'s sake1 n 
because ( our virtue1 = our virtue is   
impure4 ,= j z ev5 ! greate/ or fir/    
,law does n ju/ify1 s also ! greate/    
virtue ( ! ,law does n ju/ify4  ,=1 z ! 
,law & virtue is high]1 & our ability to
 d ! same proportionately l[]1 we are n 
righte\s because ( love4 ,b t virtue    
ju/ifies :i* appreh5ds ,*ri/1 :i*       
communicates to u ,*ri/'s m]its1 by :i* 
we receive grace & peace f ,god4  ,b ?is
 virtue is fai?4  ,= z x has be5 (t5    
said1 fai? is n only k1 b mu* r will+ to
 receive or appreh5d ^? ?+s :i* are (f]$
 9 ! promise conc]n+ ,*ri/4  ,moreov]   
?is ob$i5ce t[>ds ,god1 namely1 to wi%  
to receive ! (f]$ promise1 is no less a 
div9e s]vice1 latreia1 ?an is love4     
,god wi%es u to believe ,him1 & to      

receive f ,him bless+s1 & ?is ,he       
decl>es to be true div9e s]vice4  ,b !  
adv]s>ies ascribe ju/ification to love  
because !y ev]y:]e tea* & require !     
righte\sness ( ! ,law4  ,= we _c d5y t  
love is ! highe/ "w ( ! ,law4  ,& human 
wisdom gazes at ! ,law1 & seeks 9 x     
ju/ification4  ,accord+ly1 also !       
s*ola/ic doctors1 great & tal5t$ m51    
proclaim ?is z ! highe/ "w ( ! ,law1 &  
ascribe to ?is "w ju/ification4 ,b      
deceiv$ by human wisdom1 !y did n look  
^u ! uncov]$1 b ^u ! veil$ face (       
,moses1 j z ! ,ph>isees1 philosoph]s1   
,mahometans4  ,b we prea* ! fooli%ness (
 ! ,gospel1 9 :i* ano!r righte\sness is 
reveal$1 namely1 t = ! sake ( ,*ri/1 z  
,propitiator1 we are acc\nt$ righte\s1  
:5 we believe t = ,*ri/'s sake ,god has 
be5 reconcil$ to u4 ,nei!r are we       
ignorant h[ f> di/ant ?is doctr9e is f !
 judgm5t ( reason & ( ! ,law4  ,nor are 
we ignorant t ! doctr9e ( ! ,law conc]n+
 love makes a mu* great] %[2 = x is     
wisdom4  ,b we are n a%am$ ( !          

fooli%ness ( ! ,gospel4 ,= ! sake (     
,*ri/'s glory we def5d ?is1 & besee*    
,*ri/1 by ,8 ,holy ,gho/1 to aid u t we 
may be able to make ?is cle> & manife/4 
,! adv]s>ies1 9 ! ,confutation1 h also  
cit$ aga9/ u ,col4 #c1 #ad3 ,*>ity1 :i* 
is ! bond ( p]fectness4  ,f ?is !y inf] 
t love ju/ifies because x r5d]s m5      
p]fect4  ,al?\gh a reply conc]n+        
p]fection c\ld "h be made 9 _m ways1 yet
 we w simply recite ! mean+ ( ,paul4  ,x
 is c]ta9 t ,paul spoke ( love t[>ds    
"o's neighbor4  ,nei!r mu/ we inde$ ?9k 
t ,paul w\ld ascribe ei!r ju/ification  
or p]fection to ! works ( ! ,second     
,table1 r ?an to ^? ( ! ,fir/4  ,& if   
love r5d] m5 p]fect1 !re w !n be no ne$ 
( ,*ri/ z ,propitiator1 ,h[ev]1 ,paul   
tea*es 9 all places t we are accept$ on 
acc\nt ( ,*ri/1 & n on acc\nt ( our     
love1 or our works1 or ( ! ,law2 = no   
sa9t 7z 0 /at$ be=e7 p]fectly fulfils ! 
,law4  ,!re=e s9ce he 9 all places      
writes & tea*es t 9 ?is life !re is no  
p]fection 9 our works1 x is n to be     

?\ght t he speaks "h ( p]sonal          
p]fection4 = fai? appreh5ds ,*ri/ only z
 ,propitiator4  ,?is1 h[ev]1 is f>      
di/ant f ! mean+ ( ,paul1 :o nev] suff]s
 ,*ri/ to be exclud$ z ,propitiator4    
,!re=e he speaks n ( p]sonal p]fection1 
b ( ! integrity common to ! ,*ur*       
conc]n+ ! unity ( ! ,*ur* & ! ^w :i* !y 
int]pret z p]fection means no?+ else ?an
 to be n r5t4  ,= on ?is acc\nt he says 
t love is a bond or connection1 to      
signify t he speaks ( ! b9d+ & jo9+     
toge!r1 ) ea* o!r1 ( ! _m memb]s ( !    
,*ur*4 ,= j z 9 all families & 9 all    
/ates concord %\ld be n\ri%$ by mutual  
(fices1 & tranquillity _c be reta9$     
unless m5 ov]look & =give c]ta9 mi/akes 
among !mselves2 s ,paul comm&s t !re    
%\ld be love 9 ! ,*ur* 9 ord] t x may   
pres]ve concord1 be> ) ! h>%] mann]s (  
bre?r5 z !re is ne$1 ov]look c]ta9 less 
s]i\s mi/akes1 le/ ! ,*ur* fly ap>t into
 v>i\s s*isms1 & enmities & factions &  
h]esies arise f ! s*isms4  ,= concord   
mu/ necess>ily he r5t asund] :5ev] ei!r 

! bi%ops impose )\t cause ^u ! p heavi] 
burd5s1 or h no respect to weakness 9 ! 
p4  ,& diss5sions arise :5 ! p judge too
 sev]ely quickly c5sure & criticize     
conc]n+ ! conduct walk & life ( tea*]s  
bi%ops or prea*]s1 or despise ! tea*]s  
because ( c]ta9 less s]i\s faults2 = !n 
bo? ano!r k9d ( doctr9e & o!r tea*]s are
 s\ght aft]4  ,on ! o!r h&1 p]fection1  
i4e41 ! integrity ( ! ,*ur*1 is pres]v$1
 :5 ! /rong be> ) ! weak1 :5 ! p take 9 
good "p "s faults 9 ! conduct ( _!      
tea*]s h pati5ce also ) _! prea*]s1 :5 !
 bi%ops make "s all[ances = ! weakness (
 ! p "k h[ to ex]cise =be>ance to ! p1  
accord+ to circum/ances1 ) respect to   
all k9ds ( weaknesses & faults4  ,( ^!  
precepts ( equity ! books ( all ! wise  
are full1 namely1 t 9 e day life we %\ld
 make _m all[ances mutually = ! sake (  
common tranquillity4  ,& ( ?is ,paul    
frequ5tly tea*es bo? "h & else:]e4      
,:]e=e ! adv]s>ies argue indiscreetly f 
! t]m p]fection t love ju/ifies1 :ile   
,paul speaks ( common integrity &       

tranquillity4  ,& ?us ,ambrose int]prets
 ?is passage3 ,j z a build+ is said to  
be p]fect or entire :5 all its p>ts are 
fitly jo9$ toge!r ) "o ano!r4  ,moreov]1
 x is disgraceful = ! adv]s>ies to prea*
 s mu* conc]n+ love :ile !y n[h]e       
exhibit x4  ,:at are !y n[ do+8  ,!y are
 r5d+ asund] *ur*es1 !y are writ+ laws 9
 blood1 & are propos+ to ! mo/ clem5t   
pr9ce1 ! ,emp]or1 t ^! %\ld be          
promulgat$2 !y are slaught]+ prie/s &   
o!r good m51 if any "o h ev5 slightly   
intimat$ t he does n entirely approve "s
 manife/ abuse4  ,!y wi% all dead :o say
 a s+le ^w aga9/ _! godless doctr9e4 ,^!
 ?+s are n consi/5t ) ^? declamations ( 
love1 :i* if ! adv]s>ies w\ld foll[1 !  
*ur*es w\ld be tranquil & ! /ate h      
peace4  ,= ^! tumults w\ld be quiet$ if 
! adv]s>ies w\ld n insi/ ) too mu*      
bitt]ness f %e] v5geful spite &         
ph>isaical envy1 aga9/ ! tru? :i* !y h  
p]ceiv$ ^u c]ta9 traditions1 useless =  
godl9ess1 mo/ ( :i* n ev5 ^? v p]sons   
obs]ve :o mo/ e>ne/ly def5d !m4  ,b !y  

easily =give !mselves1 & yet d n        
likewise =give o!rs1 accord+ to !       
passage 9 ! poet3 ,i =give myself1      
,maevius said4  ,b ?is is v f> di/ant f 
^? encomiums ( love :i* !y "h recite f  
,paul1 nor d !y und]/& ! ^w any m ?an ! 
walls :i* give x back4  ,f ,pet] !y cite
 also ?is s5t5ce1 #a ,pet4 #d1 #h3      
,*>ity %all cov] ! multitude ( s9s4  ,x 
is evid5t t also ,pet] speaks ( love    
t[>ds "o's neighbor1 because he jo9s ?is
 passage to ! precept by :i* he comm&s t
 !y %\ld love "o ano!r4  ,nei!r c\ld x h
 come into ! m9d ( any apo/le t our love
 ov]comes s9 & dea?2 t love is !        
propitiation on acc\nt ( :i* to !       
exclusion ( ,*ri/ z ,m$iator1 ,god is   
reconcil$2 t love is righte\sness )\t   
,*ri/ z ,m$iator4  ,= ?is love1 if !re  
w\ld be any1 w\ld be a righte\sness ( ! 
,law1 & n ( ! ,gospel1 :i* promises to u
 reconciliation & righte\sness if we    
believe t1 = ! sake ( ,*ri/ z           
,propitiator1 ! ,fa!r has be5 reconcil$1
 & t ! m]its ( ,*ri/ are be/[$ ^u u4    

,pet]1 accord+ly1 urges u1 a little     
be=e1 to come to ,*ri/ t we may be built
 ^u ,*ri/4 ,& he adds1 #a ,pet4 #b1     
#d-f3 ,he t believe? on ,him %all n be  
conf\nd$4  ,:5 ,god judges & convicts u1
 our love does n free u f confusion f   
our works & lives1 we truly suff] %ame4 
,b fai? 9 ,*ri/ lib]ates u 9 ^! fe>s1   
because we "k t = ,*ri/'s sake we are   
=giv54  ,besides1 ?is s5t5ce conc]n+    
love is d]iv$ f ,prov4 #aj1ab1 :]e !    
anti!sis cle>ly %[s h[ x ought to be    
und]/ood3 ,hatr$ /irre? up /rifes2 b    
love cov]e? all s9s4  ,x tea*es         
precisely ! same ?+ z t passage ( ,paul 
tak5 f ,colossians1 t if any diss5sions 
w\ld occur1 !y %\ld be mod]at$ & settl$ 
by our equitable & l5i5t conduct4       
,diss5sions1 x says1 increase by means (
 hatr$1 z we (t5 see t f ! mo/ trifl+   
(f5ses trag$ies arise f ! smalle/ sp>ks 
a great conflagration arises4  ,c]ta9   
trifl+ (f5ses occurr$ betwe5 ,caius     
,caes> & ,pompey1 9 :i*1 if ! "o _h     
yield$ a v little to ! o!r1 civil w>    

w\ld n h aris54  ,b :ile ea* indulg$ 8  
own hatr$1 f a matt] ( no acc\nt !      
greate/ commotions arose4  ,& _m h]esies
 h aris5 9 ! ,*ur* only f ! hatr$ ( !   
tea*]s4  ,!re=e x does n ref] to a      
p]son's own faults1 b to ! faults (     
o!rs1 :5 x says3 ,*>ity cov]e? s9s1     
namely1 ^? ( o!rs1 & t1 too1 among m51  
i4e41 ev5 ?\gh ^! (f5ses occur1 yet love
 ov]looks !m1 =gives1 yields1 & does n  
c>ry all ?+s to ! extremity ( ju/ice4   
,pet]1 !re=e1 does n mean t love m]its 9
 ,god's sight ! remission ( s9s1 t x is 
a propitiation to ! exclusion ( ,*ri/ z 
,m$iator1 t x reg5]ates & ju/ifies1 b t 
x is n morose1 h>%1 intractable t[>ds   
m51 t x ov]looks "s mi/akes ( its       
fri5ds1 t x takes 9 good "p ev5 ! h>%]  
mann]s ( o!rs1 j z ! well-kn[n maxim    
enjo9s3 ,"k1 b d rot hate1 ! mann]s ( a 
fi5d4  ,nor 0 x )\t design t ! apo/le   
taught s frequ5tly conc]n+ ?is (fice :at
 ! philosoph]s call epiei*eia1 l5i5cy4  
,= ?is virtue is necess>y = reta9+      
public h>mony 9 ! ,*ur* & ! civil       

gov]nm5t1 :i* _c la/ unless pa/ors &    
,*ur*es mutually ov]look & p>don _m ?+s 
if !y want to be extremely p>ticul> ab\t
 e defect1 & d n all[ _m ?+s to fl[ by  
)\t notic+ !m4  ,f ,james !y cite #b1   
#bd3 ,ye see1 !n h[ by works a man is   
ju/ifi$1 & n by fai? alone4  ,nor is any
 o!r passage suppos$ to be m contr>y to 
our belief4  ,b ! reply is easy & pla94 
,if ! adv]s>ies d n atta* _! own op9ions
 conc]n+ ! m]its ( works1 ! words (     
,james h 9 !m no?+ t is ( disadvantage4 
,b :]ev] !re is m5tion ( works1 !       
adv]s>ies add falsely _! own godless    
op9ions1 t by means ( good works we m]it
 ! remission ( s9s2 t good works are a  
propitiation & price on acc\nt ( :i*    
,god is reconcil$ to u2 t good works    
ov]come ! t]rors ( s9 & ( dea?2 t good  
works are accept$ 9 ,god's sight on     
acc\nt ( _! goodness2 & t !y d n ne$    
m]cy & ,*ri/ z ,propitiator4  ,none (   
all ^! ?+s came into ! m9d ( ,james1 :i*
 ! adv]s>ies nev]!less1 def5d "u !      
pretext ( ?is passage ( ,james4  ,9 !   

fir/ place1 !n1 we mu/ pond] ?is1       
namely1 t ! passage is m aga9/ !        
adv]s>ies ?an aga9/ u4  ,= ! adv]s>ies  
tea* t man is ju/ifi$ by love & works4  
,( fai?1 by :i* we appreh5d ,*ri/ z     
,propitiator1 !y say no?+4  ,yea !y     
condemn ?is fai?2 nor d !y condemn x    
only 9 s5t5ces & writ+s1 b also by !    
sword & capital puni%m5ts !y endeavor to
 ext]m9ate x 9 ! ,*ur*4  ,h[ mu* bett]  
does ,james tea*1 :o does n omit fai?1  
or pres5t love 9 pref]5ce to fai?1 b    
reta9s fai?1 s t 9 ju/ification ,*ri/   
may n be exclud$ z ,propitiator6  ,j z  
,paul also1 :5 he treats ( ! sum ( !    
,*ri/ian life1 includes fai? & love1 #a 
,tim4 #a1 #e3 ,! end ( ! comm&m5t is    
*>ity out ( a pure he>t1 & ( a good     
consci5ce1 & ( fai? unfeign$4           
,secondly1 ! subject itself decl>es t "h
 su* works are spok5 ( z foll[ fai?1 &  
%[ t fai? is n dead1 b liv+ & efficaci\s
 9 ! he>t4  ,james1 !re=e1 did n believe
 t by good works we m]it ! remission (  
s9s & grace4  ,= he speaks ( ! works (  

^? :o h be5 ju/ifi$1 :o h already be5   
reconcil$ & accept$1 & h obta9$         
remission ( s9s4 ,:]e=e ! adv]s>ies err 
:5 !y inf] t ,james tea*es t we m]it    
remission ( s9s & grace by good works1 &
 t by our works we h access to ,god1 )\t
 ,*ri/ z ,propitiator4     ,"p #h       
,?irdly1 ,james has spok5 %ortly be=e   
conc]n+ reg5]ation1 namely1 t x occurs  
?r\gh ! ,gospel4  ,= ?us he says #a1    
#ah3 ,( ,8 own w begat ,he u ) ! ,^w (  
,tru?1 t we %\ld be a k9d ( fir/-fruits 
( ,8 creatures4  ,:5 he says t we h be5 
born aga9 by ! ,gospel1 he tea*es t we h
 be5 born aga9 & ju/ifi$ by fai?4  ,= ! 
promise conc]n+ ,*ri/ is appreh5d$ only 
by fai?1 :5 we set x aga9/ ! t]rors ( s9
 & ( dea?4  ,james does n1 !re=e1 ?9k t 
we are born aga9 by our works4  ,f ^!   
?+s x is cle> t ,james does n contradict
 u1 :o1 :5 c5sur+ idle & secure m9ds1 t 
imag9e t !y h fai?1 al?\gh !y d n h x1  
made a di/9ction betwe5 dead & liv+     
fai?4  ,he says t t is dead :i* does n  
br+ =? good works & fruits ( ! ,_s3     

ob$i5ce1 pati5ce1 *a/ity1 love2 he says 
t t is liv+ :i* br+s =? good works4     
,fur!rmore1 we h frequ5tly already %[n  
:at we t]m fai?4  ,= we d n speak ( idle
 k t m]ely ! hi/ory conc]n+ ,*ri/ %\ld  
be kn[n1 su* z devils h1 b ( fai? :i*   
resi/s ! t]rors ( consci5ce1 & *e]s &   
consoles t]rifi$ he>ts ! new light & p[]
 :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ works 9 ! he>t1 ?r\gh
 :i* we ov]come ! t]rors ( dea?1 ( s91  
etc44  ,su* fai? is nei!r an easy matt]1
 z ! adv]s>ies dream z !y say3 ,believe1
 believe1 h[ easy x is to believe6 etc41
 nor a human p[] ?\ght :i* ,i c =m =    
myself1 b a div9e p[]1 by :i* we are    
quick5$1 & by :i* we ov]come ! devil &  
dea?4  ,j z ,paul says to ! ,colossians1
 #b1 #ab1 t fai? is efficaci\s ?r\gh !  
p[] ( ,god1 & ov]comes dea?3 ,:]e9 also 
ye are ris5 ) ,him ?r\gh ! fai? ( !     
op]ation ( ,god4  ,s9ce ?is fai? is a   
new life1 x necess>ily produces new     
movem5ts & works4  ,because x is a new  
light & life 9 ! he>t1 :]eby we obta9   
ano!r m9d & _s1 x is liv+1 productive1 &

 ri* 9 good works4 ,accord+ly1 ,james is
 "r 9 d5y+ t we are ju/ifi$ by su* a    
fai? z is )\t works4  ,b :5 he says t we
 are ju/ifi$ by fai? & works1 he c]ta9ly
 does n say t we are born aga9 by works4
  ,nei!r does he say ?is1 t p>tly ,*ri/ 
is our ,propitiator1 & p>tly our works  
are our propitiation4  ,nor does he     
describe ! mode ( ju/ification1 b only (
 :at nature ! j are1 aft] !y h be5      
already ju/ifi$ & reg5]at$4  ,= he is   
speak+ ( works :i* %\ld foll[ fai?4     
,!re x is well said3 ,he :o has fai? &  
good works is righte\s2 n1 inde$1 on    
acc\nt ( ! works1 b = ,*ri/'s sake1     
?r\gh fai?4  ,& z a good tree %\ld br+  
=? good fruit1 & yet ! fruit does n make
 ! tree good1 s good works mu/ foll[ !  
new bir?1 al?\gh !y d n make man accept$
 be=e ,god2 b z ! tree mu/ fir/ be good1
 s also mu/ man be fir/ accept$ be=e    
,god by fai? = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,! works  
are too insignificant to r5d] ,god      
graci\s to u = _! sake1 if ,he 7 n      
graci\s to u = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,!re=e    

,james does n contradict ,/4 ,paul1 &   
does n say t by our works we m]it1 etc4 
,& "h to be ju/ifi$ does n mean t a     
righte\s man is made f a wick$ man1 b to
 be pron\nc$ righte\s 9 a =5sic s5se1 z 
also 9 ! passage ,rom4 #b1 #ac3 ,! do]s 
( ! ,law %all be ju/ifi$4  ,z1 !re=e1 ^!
 words3 ,! do]s ( ! ,law %all be        
ju/ifi$1 conta9 no?+ contr>y to our     
doctr9e1 s1 too1 we believe conc]n+ !   
words ( ,james3 ,by works a man is      
ju/ifi$1 & n by fai? alone1 because m5  
hav+ fai? & good works are c]ta9ly      
pron\nc$ righte\s4  ,=1 z we h said1 !  
good works ( sa9ts are righte\s1 &      
please on acc\nt ( fai?4  ,= ,james     
comm5ds only su* works z fai? produces1 
z he te/ifies :5 he says ( ,abraham1 #b1
 #ba3 ,fai? wr\ght ) 8 works4  ,9 ?is   
s5se x is said3 ,! do]s ( ! ,law are    
ju/ifi$1 i4e41 !y are pron\nc$ righte\s 
:o f ! he>t believe ,god1 & aft]w>ds h  
good fruits :i* please ,him on acc\nt ( 
fai?1 & accord+ly1 are ! fulfilm5t ( !  
,law4  ,^! ?+s1 simply spok51 conta9    

no?+ errone\s1 b !y are di/ort$ by !    
adv]s>ies :o atta* to !m godless op9ions
 out ( _! m9d4  ,= x does n foll[ h5ce t
 works m]it ! remission ( s9s2 t works  
reg5]ate he>ts2 t works are a           
propitiation1 t works please )\t ,*ri/ z
 ,propitiator2 t works d n ne$ ,*ri/ z  
,propitiator4 ,james says no?+ ( ^! ?+s1
 :i*1 nev]!less1 ! adv]s>ies %amelessly 
inf] f ! words ( ,james4  ,c]ta9 o!r    
passages conc]n+ works are also cit$    
aga9/ u4 ,luke #f1 #cg3 ,=give1 & ye    
%all be =giv54  ,is4 #eh1 #g #i3 ,is x n
 to deal ?y bread to ! hungry8444,!n    
%alt ?\ call1 & ! ,"l w answ]4  ,dan4   
#d1 #bd #bg3 ,break (f ?y s9s1 by %[+   
m]cy to ! poor4  ,matt4 #e1 #c3 ,bless$ 
are ! poor 9 _s2 = !irs is ! k+dom (    
heav52 & v4 #g3 ,bless$ are ! m]ciful2 =
 !y %all obta9 m]cy4  ,ev5 ^! passages  
w\ld conta9 no?+ contr>y to u if !      
adv]s>ies w\ld n falsely atta* some?+ to
 !m4  ,= !y conta9 two ?+s3 ,! "o is a  
prea*+ ei!r ( ! ,law or ( rep5tance1 :i*
 n only convicts ^? do+ wrong1 b also   

enjo9s !m to d :at is "r2 ! o!r is a    
promise :i* is add$4  ,b x is n add$ t  
s9s are remitt$ )\t fai?1 or t works    
!mselves are a propitiation4 ,moreov]1 9
 ! prea*+ ( ! ,law ^! two ?+s ought     
always to be und]/ood1 namely3 ,fir/1 t 
! ,law _c be obs]v$ unless we h be5     
reg5]at$ by fai? 9 ,*ri/1 j z ,*ri/     
says1 ,john #ae1 #e3 ,)\t ,me ye c d    
no?+4  ,secondly1 & ?\gh "s ext]nal     
works c c]ta9ly be done1 ?is g5]al      
judgm5t3 ,)\t fai? x is impossible to   
please ,god1 :i* int]prets ! :ole ,law1 
mu/ be reta9$3 & ! ,gospel mu/ be       
reta9$1 t ?r\gh ,*ri/ we h access to !  
,fa!r1 ,heb4 #aj1 #ai1 ,rom4 #e1 #b4 ,= 
x is evid5t t we are n ju/ifi$ by !     
,law4  ,o!rwise1 :y w\ld !re be ne$ (   
,*ri/ or ! ,gospel1 if ! prea*+ ( ! ,law
 alone w\ld be suffici5t8  ,?us 9 !     
prea*+ ( rep5tance1 ! prea*+ ( ! ,law1  
or ! ,^w convict+ ( s91 is n suffici5t1 
because ! ,law works wra?1 & only       
accuses1 only t]rifies consci5ces1      
because consci5ces nev] are at re/1     

unless !y he> ! voice ( ,god 9 :i* !    
remission ( s9s is cle>ly promis$4      
,accord+ly1 ! ,gospel mu/ be add$1 t =  
,*ri/'s sake s9s are remitt$1 & t we    
obta9 remission ( s9s by fai? 9 ,*ri/4  
,if ! adv]s>ies exclude ! ,gospel (     
,*ri/ f ! prea*+ ( rep5tance1 !y are    
judg$ aright to be blasphem]s aga9/     
,*ri/4  ,!re=e1 :5 ,isaiah1 #a1 #af4    
#ah1 prea*es rep5tance3 ,cease to d     
evil2 le>n to d well2 seek judgm5t1     
relieve ! oppress$1 judge ! fa!rless1   
plead = ! wid[4  ,come n[ & let u reason
 toge!r1 sai? ! ,"l2 ?\gh y\r s9e be z  
sc>let1 !y %all be :ite z sn[1 ! prophet
 ?us bo? exhorts to rep5tance1 & adds ! 
promise4  ,b x w\ld be fooli% to consid]
 9 su* a s5t5ce only ! words3 ,relieve !
 oppress$2 judge ! fa!rless4 ,= he says 
9 ! beg9n+3 ,cease to d evil1 :]e he    
c5sures impiety ( he>t & requires fai?4 
,nei!r does ! prophet say t ?r\gh !     
works3 ,relieve ! oppress$1 judge !     
fa!rless1 !y c m]it ! remission ( s9s ex
 op]e op]ato1 b he comm&s su* works z   

are necess>y 9 ! new life4  ,yet1 9 !   
mean "t1 he means t remission ( s9s is  
receiv$ by fai?1 & accord+ly ! promise  
is add$4  ,?us we mu/ und]/& all simil> 
passages4  ,*ri/ prea*es rep5tance :5   
,he says3 ,=give1 & ,he adds ! promise3 
,& ye %all be =giv51 ,luke #f1 #cg4     
,nor1 inde$1 does ,he say ?is1 namely1  
t1 :5 we =give1 by ?is "w ( ours we m]it
 ! remission ( s9s ex op]e op]ato1 z !y 
t]m x1 b ,he requires a new life1 :i*   
c]ta9ly is necess>y4 ,yet1 9 ! mean "t  
,he means t remission ( s9s is receiv$  
by fai?4  ,?us1 :5 ,isaiah says1 #eh1   
#g3 ,deal ?y bread to ! hungry1 he      
requires a new life4  ,nor does !       
prophet speak ( ?is "w alone1 b1 z !    
text indicates1 ( ! entire rep5tance2   
yet1 9 ! mean "t1 he int5ds t remission 
( s9s is receiv$ by fai?4 ,= ! position 
is sure1 & none ( ! gates ( hell c      
ov]?r[ x1 t 9 ! prea*+ ( rep5tance !    
prea*+ ( ! ,law is n suffici5t1 because 
! ,law works wra? & always accuses4  ,b 
! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel %\ld be add$1      

namely1 t 9 ?is way remission ( s9s is  
grant$ u1 if we believe t s9s are       
remitt$ u = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,o!rwise1 :y 
w\ld !re be ne$ ( ! ,gospel1 :y w\ld !re
 be ne$ ( ,*ri/8  ,?is belief ought     
always to be 9 view1 9 ord] t x may be  
oppos$ to ^? :o1 ,*ri/ be+ ca/ aside & !
 ,gospel be+ blott$ out1 wick$ly di/ort 
! ,scriptures to ! human op9ions1 t by  
our works we pur*ase remission ( s9s4   
,?us also 9 ! s]mon ( ,daniel1 #d1 #bd1 
fai? is requir$4  ,! words ( ! prophet  
:i* 7 full ( fai? & _s1 we mu/ n reg>d z
 hea!ni% z ^? ( ,ari/otle or any o!r    
hea!n4 ,ari/otle also admoni%$ ,alex&] t
 he %\ld n use 8 p[] = 8 own wantonness1
 b = ! improvem5t ( c\ntries & m54 ,?is 
0 writt5 correctly & well2 conc]n+ !    
(fice ( k+ no?+ bett] c be prea*$ or    
writt54  ,b ,daniel is speak+ to 8 k+1 n
 only conc]n+ 8 (fice z k+1 b conc]n+   
rep5tance1 ! =giv5ess ( s9s1            
reconciliation to ,god1 & conc]n+       
sublime1 great1 spiritual subjects1 :i* 
f> transc5d human ?\ghts & works4 ,=    

,daniel did n mean t ! k+ %\ld only be/[
 alms :i* ev5 a hypocrite c d1 b        
embraces rep5tance :5 he says3 ,break (f
 ,r$eem1 ,vulg4 ?y iniquities by %[+    
m]cy to ! poor1 i4e4 break (f ?y s9s by 
a *ange ( he>t & works4  ,b "h also fai?
 is requir$4  ,& ,daniel proclaims to   
him _m ?+s conc]n+ ! wor%ip ( ! only    
,god1 ! ,god ( ,israel1 & conv]ts ! k+ n
 only to be/[ alms1 b mu* m to fai?4  ,=
 we h ! excell5t confession ( ! k+      
conc]n+ ! ,god ( ,israel3 ,!re is no o!r
 ,god t c deliv] aft] ?is sort ,dan4 #c1
 #bi4 ,!re=e1 9 ! s]mon ( ,daniel !re   
are two p>ts4  ,! "o "p is t :i* gives  
comm&m5t conc]n+ ! new life & ! works ( 
! new life4  ,! o!r "p is1 t ,daniel    
promises to ! k+ ! remission ( s9s4 ,n[1
 :]e !re is a promise1 fai? is requir$4 
,= ! promise _c be receiv$ 9 any o!r way
 ?an by ! he>t's rely+ on su* ^w ( ,god1
 & n reg>d+ its own wor?9ess or         
unwor?9ess4  ,accord+ly1 ,daniel also   
dem&s fai?3 = ?us ! promise reads3 ,!re 
w be heal+ = ?y (f5ses4 ,& ?is promise (

 ! remission ( s9s is n a prea*+ ( !    
,law1 b a truly prophetical &           
evangelical voice1 ( :i* ,daniel c]ta9ly
 meant t x %\ld be receiv$ 9 fai?4  ,=  
,daniel knew t ! remission ( s9s 9 ,*ri/
 0 promis$ n only to ! ,israelites1 b   
also to all nations4  ,o!rwise he c\ld n
 h promis$ to ! k+ ! remission ( s9s4   
,= x is n 9 ! p[] ( man especially amid 
! t]rors ( s91 to ass]t )\t a sure ^w ( 
,god conc]n+ ,god's w1 t ,he ceases to  
be angry4  ,& ! words ( ,daniel speak 9 
8 own language /ill m cle>ly ( rep5tance
 & /ill m cle>ly br+ out ! promise4     
,r$eem ?y s9s by righte\sness & ?y      
iniquities by favors t[>d ! poor4  ,^!  
words tea* conc]n+ ! :ole ( rep5tance4  
,x is z mu* z to say3 ,am5d y\r life6   
,& x is true1 :5 we am5d our lives1 we  
become rid ( s94 ,= !y direct him to    
become righte\s1 !n to d good works1 to 
def5d ! mis]able aga9/ inju/ice1 z 0 !  
duty ( a k+4  ,b righte\sness is fai? 9 
! he>t4  ,moreov]1 s9s are r$eem$ by    
rep5tance1 i4e4 ! obligation or guilt is

 remov$1 because ,god =gives ^? :o      
rep5t1 z x is writt5 9 ,ezek4 #ah1 #ba4 
#bb4 ,nor are we to inf] f ?is t ,he    
=gives on acc\nt ( works t foll[1 on    
acc\nt ( alms1 b on acc\nt ( ,8 promise 
,he =gives ^? :o appreh5d ,8 promise4   
,nei!r d any appreh5d ,8 promise1 except
 ^? :o truly believe1 & by fai? ov]come 
s9 & dea?4  ,^!1 be+ reg5]at$1 ought to 
br+ =? fruits wor?y ( rep5tance1 j z    
,john says1 ,matt4 #c1 #h4 ,! promise1  
!re=e1 0 add$3 ,s1 !re w be heal+ = ?y  
(f5ses1 ,dan4 #d1 #bd4 ,daniel does n   
only dem& works1 b says3 ,r$eem ?y s9s  
by righte\sness4  ,n[1 ev]ybody kn[s t 9
 ,scripture righte\sness does n mean    
only ext]nal works1 b embraces fai?1 z  
,paul says3 ,iu/us ex fide vivet8  ,! j 
%all live by 8 fai?1 ,heb4 #aj1 #ch4    
,h5ce1 ,daniel fir/ dem&s fai? :5 he    
m5tions righte\sness & says3 ,r$eem ?y  
s9s by righte\sness1 t is1 by fai? t[>d 
,god1 by :i* ?\ art made righte\s4  ,9  
addition to ?is d good works1 adm9i/]   
y\r (fice1 d n be a tyrant1 b see t y\r 

gov]nm5t be pr(itable to y\r c\ntry & p1
 pres]ve peace1 & protect ! poor aga9/  
unju/ =ce4  ,^! are pr9cely alms4 ,j]ome
 "h add$ a p>ticle express+ d\bt1 t is  
beside ! matt]1 & 9 8 comm5t>ies cont5ds
 mu* m unwisely t ! remission ( s9s is  
unc]ta94 ,b let u rememb] t ! ,gospel   
gives a sure promise ( ! remission (    
s9s4  ,& to d5y t !re mu/ be a sure     
promise ( ! remission ( s9s w\ld        
completely aboli% ! ,gospel4  ,let u    
!re=e dismiss ,j]ome conc]n+ ?is        
passage4  ,al?\gh ! promise is display$ 
ev5 9 ! ^w r$eem4  ,= x signifies t !   
remission ( s9s is possible t s9s c be  
r$eem$1 i4e41 t _! obligation or guilt c
 be remov$1 or ! wra? ( ,god appeas$4   
,b our adv]s>ies1 ov]look+ ! promises1  
ev]y:]e1 consid] only ! precepts1 &     
atta* falsely ! human op9ion t remission
 occurs on acc\nt ( works1 al?\gh ! text
 does n say ?is1 b mu* r requires fai?4 
,= :]ev] a promise is1 !re fai? is      
requir$4  ,= a promise _c be receiv$    
unless by fai?4  ,! same answ] mu/ also 

be giv5 9 ref]5ce to ! passage f !      
,gospel3 ,=give1 & y w be =giv54  ,= ?is
 is j su* a doctr9e ( rep5tance4  ,!    
fir/ "p 9 ?is passage dem&s am5dm5t (   
life & good works1 ! o!r "p adds !      
promise4  ,nor are we to inf] f ?is t   
our =giv+ m]its = u ex op]e op]ato      
remission ( s94  ,= t is n :at ,*ri/    
says1 b z 9 o!r sacram5ts ,*ri/ has     
atta*$ ! promise to an ext]nal sign1 s  
,he atta*es ! promise ( ! =giv5ess ( s9 
9 ?is place to ext]nal good works4  ,& z
 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] we d n obta9 =giv5ess 
( s9 )\t fai?1 ex op]e op]ato1 s nei!r 9
 ?is :5 we =give4  ,=1 our =giv+ is n a 
good "w1 except x is p]=m$ by a p]son ^:
 s9s h be5 previ\sly =giv5 by ,god 9    
,*ri/4  ,if1 !re=e1 our =giv+ is to     
please ,god1 x mu/ foll[ aft] ! =giv5ess
 :i* ,god ext5ds to u4  ,=1 z a rule1   
,*ri/ comb9es ^! two1 ! ,law & !        
,gospel1 bo? fai? & good works1 9 ord]  
to indicate t1 :]e good works d n foll[1
 !re is no fai? ei!r t we may h ext]nal 
m>ks1 :i* rem9d u ( ! ,gospel & !       

=giv5ess ( s91 = our com=t & t ?us our  
fai? may be ex]cis$ 9 _m ways4  ,9 ?is  
mann] we are to und]/& su* passages1    
o!rwise !y w\ld directly contradict !   
entire ,gospel1 & our begg>ly works w\ld
 be put 9 ! place ( ,*ri/1 :o alone is  
to be ! propitiation1 :i* no man is by  
any means to despise4  ,aga91 if ^!     
passages 7 to be und]/ood z relat+ to   
works1 ! remission ( s9s w\ld be q      
unc]ta92 = x w\ld re/ on a poor         
f\ndation1 on our mis]able works4  ,b   
works become conspicu\s among m54       
,human reason naturally admires ^!1 &   
because x sees only works1 & does n     
und]/& or consid] fai?1 x dreams        
accord+ly t ^! works m]it remission (   
s9s & ju/ify4  ,?is op9ion ( ! ,law     
inh]es by nature 9 m5's m9ds2 nei!r c x 
be expell$1 unless :5 we are div9ely    
taught4  ,b ! m9d mu/ be recall$ f su*  
c>nal op9ions to ! ,^w ( ,god4  ,we see 
t ! ,gospel & ! promise conc]n+ ,*ri/ h 
be5 laid be=e u4  ,:51 !re=e1 ! ,law is 
prea*$1 :5 works are enjo9$1 we %\ld n  

spurn ! promise conc]n+ ,*ri/4  ,b !    
latt] mu/ fir/ be appreh5d$1 9 ord] t we
 may be able to produce good works1 &   
our works may please ,god1 z ,*ri/ says1
 ,john #af2 #e3 ,) out ,me ye c d no?+4 
,!re=e1 if ,daniel w\ld h us$ su* words 
z ^!3 ,r$eem y\r s9s by rep5tance1 !    
adv]s>ies w\ld take no notice ( ?is     
passage4  ,n[1 s9ce he has actually     
express$ ?is ?\ght 9 app>5tly o!r words1
 ! adv]s>ies di/ort 8 words to ! injury 
( ! doctr9e ( grace & fai?1 al?\gh      
,daniel meant mo/ especially to include 
fai?4  ,?us1 !re=e1 we reply to ! words 
( ,daniel1 t1 inasmu* z he is prea*+    
rep5tance1 he is tea*+ n only ( works1 b
 also ( fai?1 z ! n>rative itself 9 !   
context te/ifies4  ,secondly1 because   
,daniel cle>ly pres5ts ! promise1 he    
necess>ily requires fai? :i* believes t 
s9s are freely remitt$ by ,god4         
,al?\gh1 !re=e1 9 rep5tance he m5tions  
works1 yet ,daniel does n say t by ^!   
works we m]it remission ( s9s4  ,=      
,daniel speaks n only ( ! remission ( ! 

puni%m5t2 because remission ( ! puni%m5t
 is s\ght = 9 va9 unless ! he>t fir/    
receive ! remission ( guilt4  ,besides1 
if ! adv]s>ies und]/& ,daniel z speak+  
only ( ! remission ( puni%m5t1 ?is      
passage w prove no?+ aga9/ u1 because x 
w ?us be necess>y = ev5 !m to confess t 
! remission ( s9 & free ju/ification    
prec$e4 ,aft]w>ds ev5 we conc$e t !     
puni%m5ts by :i* we are *a/is$1 are     
mitigat$ by our pray]s & good works1 &  
f9ally by our entire rep5tance1 accord+ 
to #a ,cor4 #aa1 #ca3 ,= if we w\ld     
judge ourselves1 we %\ld n be judg$4  ,&
 ,j]4 #ae1 #ai3 ,if ?\ return1 !n w ,i  
br+ !e aga94  ,& ,ze*4 #a1 #c3 ,turn ye 
unto ,me1 & ,i w turn unto y4  ,& ,ps4  
#ej1 #ae3 ,call ^u ,me 9 ! day ( tr\ble4
  ,let u1 !re=e1 9 all our encomiums ^u 
works & 9 ! prea*+ ( ! ,law reta9 ?is   
rule3 t ! ,law is n obs]v$ )\t ,*ri/4   
,z ,he ,himself has said3 ,)\t ,me ye c 
d no?+4 ,likewise t3 ,)\t fai? x is     
impossible to please ,god1 ,heb4 #aa1   
#f4 ,= x is v c]ta9 t ! doctr9e ( ! ,law

 is n int5d$ to remove ! ,gospel1 & to  
remove ,*ri/ z ,propitiator4 ,& let !   
,ph>isees1 our adv]s>ies1 be curs$1 :o s
 int]pret ! ,law z to ascribe ! glory ( 
,*ri/ to works namely1 t !y are a       
propitiation1 t !y m]it ! remission (   
s9s4  ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t works are     
always ?us prais$1 namely1 t !y are     
pleas+ on acc\nt ( fai?1 z works d n    
please )\t ,*ri/ z ,propitiator4  ,by   
,him we h access to ,god1 ,rom4 #e1 #b1 
n by works1 )\t ,*ri/ z ,m$iator4       
,!re=e1 :5 x is said1 ,matt4 #ai1 #ag3  
,if ?\ wilt ent] into life1 keep !      
comm&m5ts1 we mu/ believe t )\t ,*ri/ ! 
comm&m5ts are n kept1 & )\t ,him _c     
please4  ,?us 9 ! ,decalog itself1 9 !  
,fir/ ,comm&m5t ,ex4 #bj1 #f3 ,%[+ m]cy 
unto ?\s&s ( !m t love ,me & keep ,my   
comm&m5ts1 ! mo/ lib]al promise ( ! ,law
 is add$4  ,b ?is ,law is n obs]v$ )\t  
,*ri/4  ,= x always accuses ! consci5ce 
:i* does n satisfy ! ,law1 & !re=e 9    
t]ror1 flies f ! judgm5t & puni%m5t ( ! 
,law4 ,because ! ,law worke? wra?1 ,rom4

 #d1 #ae4 ,man obs]ves ! ,law1 h[ev]1 :5
 he he>s t = ,*ri/'s sake ,god is       
reconcil$ to u1 ev5 ?\gh we _c satisfy !
 ,law4  ,:51 by ?is fai?1 ,*ri/ is      
appreh5d$ z ,m$iator1 ! he>t f9ds re/1 &
 beg9s to love ,god & obs]ve ! ,law1 &  
kn[s t n[1 because ( ,*ri/ z ,m$iator1 x
 is pleas+ to ,god1 ev5 ?\gh ! in*oate  
fulfill+ ( ! ,law be f> f p]fection & be
 v impure4  ,?us we mu/ judge also      
conc]n+ ! prea*+ ( rep5tance4  ,= al?\gh
 9 ! doctr9e ( rep5tance ! s*ola/ics h  
said no?+ at all conc]n+ fai?1 yet we   
?9k t none ( our adv]s>ies is s mad z to
 d5y t absolution is a voice ( !        
,gospel4  ,& absolution ought to be     
receiv$ by fai?1 9 ord] t x may *e] !   
t]rifi$ consci5ce4  ,!re=e ! doctr9e (  
rep5tance1 because x n only comm&s new  
works1 b also promises ! remission (    
s9s1 necess>ily requires fai?4  ,= !    
remission ( s9s is n receiv$ unless by  
fai?4  ,!re=e1 9 ^? passages t ref] to  
rep5tance1 we %\ld always und]/& t n    
only works1 b also fai? is requir$1 z 9 

,matt4 #f1 #ad4 ,= if ye =give m5 _!    
trespasses1 y\r heav5ly ,fa!r w also    
=give y4  ,"h a "w is requir$1 & !      
promise ( ! remission ( s9s is add$ :i* 
does n occur on acc\nt ( ! "w1 b ?r\gh  
fai?1 on acc\nt ( ,*ri/4 ,j z ,scripture
 te/ifies 9 _m passages3 ,acts #aj1 #dc3
 ,to ,him give all ! prophets witness t 
?r\gh ,8 "n1 :osoev] believe? 9 ,him1   
%all receive remission ( s9s2 & #a ,john
 #b1 #ab3 ,y\r s9s are =giv5 y = ,8 "n's
 sake2 ,eph4 #a1 #g3 ,9 :om we h        
r$emption ?r\gh ,8 blood ! =giv5ess (   
s9s4  ,al?\gh :at ne$ is !re to recite  
te/imonies8  ,?is is ! v voice peculi>  
to ! ,gospel1 namely1 t = ,*ri/'s sake1 
& n = ! sake ( our works1 we obta9 by   
fai? remission ( s9s4  ,our adv]s>ies   
endeavor to suppress ?is voice ( !      
,gospel by means ( di/ort$ passages :i* 
conta9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,law1 or ( works4  
,= x is true t 9 ! doctr9e ( rep5tance  
works are requir$1 because c]ta9ly a new
 life is requir$4  ,b "h ! adv]s>ies    
wrongly add t by su* works we m]it !    

remission ( s9s1 or ju/ification4  ,&   
yet ,*ri/ (t5 connects ! promise ( !    
remission ( s9s to good works n because 
,he means t good works are a            
propitiation1 = !y foll[ reconciliation2
 b = two reasons4  ,"o is1 because good 
fruits mu/ necess>ily foll[4 ,!re=e ,he 
rem9ds u t1 if good fruits d n foll[ !  
rep5tance is hypocritical & feign$4  ,! 
o!r reason is1 because we h ne$ (       
ext]nal signs ( s great a promise1      
because a consci5ce full ( fe> has ne$ (
 manifold consolation4  ,z1 !re=e1      
,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp] are signs t   
cont9ually admoni%1 *e]1 & enc\rage     
despond+ m9ds to believe ! m firmly t _!
 s9s are =giv51 s ! same promise is     
writt5 & portray$ 9 good works1 9 ord] t
 ^! works may admoni% u to believe ! m  
firmly4  ,& ^? :o produce no good works 
d n excite !mselves to believe1 b       
despise ^! promises4  ,! godly on ! o!r 
h&1 embrace !m1 & rejoice t !y h ! signs
 & te/imonies ( s great a promise4      
,accord+ly1 !y ex]cise !mselves 9 ^!    

signs & te/imonies4  ,j z1 !re=e1 !     
,"l's ,supp] does n ju/ify u ex op]e    
op]ato1 )\t fai?1 s alms d n ju/ify u   
)\t fai?1 ex op]e op]ato4  ,s also !    
address ( ,tobias1 #d1 #aa1 ought to be 
receiv$3 ,alms free f e s9 & f dea?4    
,we w n say t ?is is hyp]bole1 al?\gh x 
ought ?us to be receiv$1 s z n to       
detract f ! praise ( ,*ri/1 ^:          
pr]ogative x is to free f s9 & dea?4  ,b
 we mu/ come back to ! rule t )\t ,*ri/ 
! doctr9e ( ! ,law is ( no pr(it4       
,!re=e ^? alms please ,god :i* foll[    
reconciliation or ju/ification1 & n ^?  
:i* prec$e4  ,!re=e !y free f s9 & dea?1
 n ex op]e op]ato1 b1 z we h said above 
conc]n+ rep5tance1 t we ought to embrace
 fai? & its fruits1 s "h we mu/ say     
conc]n+ alms t ?is entire newness ( life
 saves t !y please ,god because !y occur
 9 believ]s4  ,alms also are ! ex]cises 
( fai?1 :i* receives ! remission ( s9s &
 ov]comes dea?1 :ile x ex]cises itself m
 & m1 & 9 ^! ex]cises receives /r5g?4   
,we grant also ?is1 t alms m]it _m      

favors f ,god b !y _c ov]come dea?1     
hell1 ! devil1 s9s1 & give ! consci5ce  
peace 7= ?is mu/ occur alone ?r\gh fai? 
9 ,*ri/71 mitigate puni%m5ts1 & t !y    
m]it our def5se 9 ! dang]s ( s9s & (    
dea?1 z we h said a little be=e conc]n+ 
! entire rep5tance4  ,?is is ! simple   
mean+1 :i* agrees also ) o!r passages ( 
,scripture4  ,= :]ev] 9 ! ,scriptures   
good works are prais$1 we mu/ always    
und]/& !m accord+ to ! rule ( ,paul1 t !
 ,law & works mu/ n be elevat$ above    
,*ri/1 b t ,*ri/ & fai? are z f> above  
all works z ! heav5s are above ! e>?4 ,&
 ! address ( ,tobias1 reg>d$ z a :ole   
%[s t fai? is requir$ be=e alms1 #d1 #e3
 ,be m9dful ( ! ,"l1 ?y ,god1 all ?y    
days ,& aft]w>ds1 v4 #ai4 ,bless ! ,"l1 
?y ,god1 always1 & desire ( ,him t ?y   
ways be direct$4  ,?is1 h[ev]1 belongs  
prop]ly to t fai? ( :i* we speak1 :i*   
believes t ,god is reconcil$ to x       
because ( ,8 m]cy1 & :i* wi%es to be    
ju/ifi$1 sanctifi$1 & gov]n$ by ,god4   
,b our adv]s>ies1 *>m+ m51 pick out     

mutilat$ s5t5ces1 9 ord] to deceive ^?  
:o are unskill$4 ,aft]w>ds !y atta*     
some?+ f _! own op9ions4  ,!re=e1 entire
 passages are to be requir$1 because1   
accord+ to ! common precept1 x is       
unbecom+1 be=e ! entire ,law is ?or\ghly
 exam9$1 to judge or reply :5 any s+le  
clause ( x is pres5t$4 ,& passages1 :5  
produc$ 9 _! entirety1 v frequ5tly br+ !
 int]pretation ) !m4  ,luke #aa1 #da is 
also cit$ 9 a mutilat$ =m1 namely3 ,give
 alms ( su* ?+s z ye h2 &1 behold1 all  
?+s are clean unto y4 ,! adv]s>ies are v
 /upid are deaf1 & h call\s e>s2 !re=e1 
we mu/ s (t5 etc44  ,= "t & aga9 we h   
said t to ! prea*+ ( ! ,law !re %\ld be 
add$ ! ,gospel conc]n+ ,*ri/1 because ( 
:om good works are pleas+1 b !y ev]y:]e 
tea* )\t %ame t1 ,*ri/ be+ exclud$1     
ju/ification is m]it$ by ! works ( !    
,law4  ,:5 ?is passage is produc$       
unmutilat$1 x w %[ t fai? is requir$4   
,*ri/ rebukes ! ,ph>isees :o ?9k t !y   
are cleans$ be=e ,god i4e4 1 t !y are   
ju/ifi$ by frequ5t ablutions by all     

sorts ( baptismata c>nis1 t is1 by all  
sorts ( ba?s1 wa%+s1 & cleans+s ( !     
body1 ( vessels1 ( g>m5ts4  ,j z "s     
,pope or o!r says ( ! wat] spr9kl$ )    
salt t x sanctifies & cleanses ! p2 & ! 
gloss says t x cleanses f v5ial s9s4    
,su* also 7 ! op9ions ( ! ,ph>isees :i* 
,*ri/ reprov$1 & to ?is feign$ cleans+  
,he opposes a d\ble cleanness1 ! "o     
int]nal1 ! o!r ext]nal4  ,he bids !m be 
cleans$ inw>dly 7:i* occurs only ?r\gh  
fai?71 & adds conc]n+ ! outw>d          
cleanness3 ,give alms ( su* ?+s z ye h2 
&1 behold1 all ?+s are clean unto y4  ,!
 adv]s>ies d n apply aright ! univ]sal  
p>ticle all ?+s2 = ,*ri/ adds ?is       
conclusion to bo? memb]s3 ,all ?+s w be 
clean unto y1 if y w be clean )91 & w   
outw>dly give alms4 ,= ,he indicates t  
outw>d cleanness is to be ref]r$ to     
works comm&$ by ,god1 & n to human      
traditions1 su* z ! ablutions 7 at t "t1
 & ! daily spr9kl+ ( wat]1 ! ve/ure (   
monks1 ! di/9ctions ( food1 & simil>    
acts ( o/5tation are n[4  ,b ! adv]s>ies

 di/ort ! mean+ by sophi/ically         
transf]r+ ! univ]sal p>ticle to only "o 
"p3 ,all ?+s w be clean to ^? hav+ giv5 
alms4 ,z if any "o w\ld inf]3 ,&rew is  
pres5t2 !re=e all ! apo/les are pres5t4 
,:]e=e 9 ! antec$5t bo? memb]s ought to 
be jo9$3 ,believe & give alms4 ,= to ?is
 ! entire mission1 ! entire (fice (     
,*ri/ po9ts2 to ?is end ,he is come t we
 %\ld believe 9 ,him4  ,n[1 if bo? p>ts 
are comb9$1 believ+ & giv+ alms1 x      
foll[s rightly t all ?+s are clean3 !   
he>t by fai?1 ! ext]nal conv]sation by  
good works4  ,?us we mu/ comb9e ! entire
 s]mon1 & n inv]t ! p>ts1 & int]pret !  
text to mean t ! he>t is cleans$ f s9 by
 alms4  ,moreov]1 !re are "s :o ?9k t ^!
 words 7 spok5 by ,*ri/ aga9/ !         
,ph>isees ironically1 z if ,he meant to 
say3 ,aye1 my de> lords1 rob & /eal1 &  
!n g & give alms1 & y w be promptly     
cleans$1 s t ,*ri/ w\ld 9 a some:at     
s>ca/ic & mock+ way puncture _!         
ph>isaical hypocrisy4  ,=1 al?\gh !y    
ab\nd$ 9 unbelief1 av>ice1 & e evil "w1 

!y /ill obs]v$ _! purifications1 gave   
alms1 & believ$ t !y 7 q pure1 lovely   
sa9ts4 ,?is int]pretation is n contr>y  
to ! text4 ,yet ,pet] says1 ,acts #ae1  
#i1 t he>ts are purifi$ by fai?4  ,& :5 
?is entire passage is exam9$1 x pres5ts 
a mean+ h>moniz+ ) ! re/ ( ,scripture1  
t1 if ! he>ts are cleans$ & !n outw>dly 
alms are add$1 i4e41 all ! works ( love1
 !y are ?us entirely clean i4e4 n only  
)91 b also )\t4  ,& :y is n ! entire    
disc\rse add$ to x8  ,!re are _m p>ts ( 
! repro(1 "s ( :i* give comm&m5t conc]n+
 fai? & o!rs conc]n+ works4  ,nor is x !
 "p ( a c&id read] to pick out ! comm&s 
conc]n+ works1 :ile ! passages conc]n+  
fai? are omitt$4  ,la/ly1 read]s are to 
be admoni%$ ( ?is1 namely1 t ! adv]s>ies
 give ! wor/ advice to godly consci5ces 
:5 !y tea* t by works ! remission ( s9s 
is m]it$1 because consci5ce1 9 acquir+  
remission ?r\gh works1 _c be confid5t t 
! "w w satisfy ,god4  ,accord+ly1 x is  
always torm5t$1 & cont9ually devises o!r
 works & o!r acts ( wor%ip until x      

altoge!r despairs4  ,?is c\rse is       
describ$ by ,paul1 ,rom4 #d1 #f1 :]e he 
proves t ! promise ( righte\sness is n  
obta9$ because ( our works1 because we  
c\ld nev] affirm t we _h a reconcil$    
,god4  ,= ! ,law always accuses4  ,?us !
 promise w\ld be 9 va9 & unc]ta94  ,he  
accord+ly concludes t ?is promise ( !   
remission ( s9s & ( righte\sness is     
receiv$ by fai?1 n on acc\nt ( works4   
,?is is ! true1 simple1 & g5u9e mean+ ( 
,paul1 9 :i* ! greate/ consolation is   
(f]$ godly consci5ces1 & ! glory ( ,*ri/
 is %[n =?1 :o c]ta9ly 0 giv5 to u = ?is
 purpose1 namely1 t ?r\gh ,him we might 
h grace1 righte\sness1 & peace4  ,?us f>
 we h review$ ! pr9cipal passages :i* ! 
adv]s>ies cite aga9/ u1 9 ord] to %[ t  
fai? does n ju/ify1 & t we m]it1 by our 
works1 remission ( s9s & grace4 ,b we   
hope t we h %[n cle>ly en\gh to godly   
consci5ces t ^! passages are n oppos$ to
 our doctr9e2 t ! adv]s>ies wick$ly     
di/ort ! ,scriptures to _! op9ions2 t ! 
mo/ ( ! passages :i* !y cite h be5      

g>bl$2 t1 :ile omitt+ ! cle>e/ passages 
conc]n+ fai?1 !y only select f !        
,scriptures passages conc]n+ works1 &   
ev5 ^! !y di/ort2 t ev]y:]e !y add c]ta9
 human op9ions to t :i* ! words (       
,scripture say2 t !y tea* ! ,law 9 su* a
 mann] z to suppress ! ,gospel conc]n+  
,*ri/4  ,= ! entire doctr9e ( !         
adv]s>ies is1 9 "p1 d]iv$ f human       
reason1 & is1 9 "p1 a doctr9e ( ! ,law1 
n ( ! ,gospel4  ,= !y tea* two modes (  
ju/ification1 ( :i* ! "o has be5 d]iv$ f
 reason & ! o!r f ! ,law1 n f ! ,gospel1
 or ! promise conc]n+ ,*ri/4  ,! =m]    
mode ( ju/ification ) !m is1 t !y tea* t
 by good works m5 m]it grace bo? de     
congruo & de condigno4 ,?is mode is a   
doctr9e ( reason1 because reason1 n see+
 ! uncleanness ( ! he>t1 ?9ks t x       
pleases ,god if x p]=m good works1 & =  
?is reason o!r works & o!r acts ( wor%ip
 are con/antly devis$1 by m5 9 great    
p]il1 aga9/ ! t]rors ( consci5ce4  ,!   
hea!n & ! ,israelites slew human        
victims1 & und]took _m o!r mo/ pa9ful   

works 9 ord] to appease ,god's wra?4    
,aft]w>ds1 ord]s ( monks 7 devis$1 & ^! 
vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 ! sev]ity ( _!          
obs]vances aga9/ ! t]rors ( consci5ce & 
,god's wra?4  ,& ?is mode (             
ju/ification1 because x is accord+ to   
reason1 & is altoge!r occupi$ ) outw>d  
works1 c be und]/ood1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t
 be r5d]$4 ,& to ?is ! canoni/s h       
di/ort$ ! misund]/ood ,*ur* ord9ances1  
:i* 7 enact$ by ! ,fa!rs = a f> diff]5t 
purpose1 namely1 n t by ^! works we %\ld
 seek aft] righte\sness1 b t1 = ! sake (
 mutual tranquillity among m51 !re might
 be a c]ta9 ord] 9 ! ,*ur*4  ,9 ?is     
mann] !y also di/ort$ ! ,sacram5ts & mo/
 especially ! ,mass1 ?r\gh :i* !y seek  
ex op]e op]ato righte\sness1 grace1 &   
salvation4     ,"p #i   ,ano!r mode (   
ju/ification is h&$ d[n by ! s*ola/ic   
!ologians :5 !y tea* t we are righte\s  
?r\gh a habit infus$ by ,god1 :i* is    
love1 & t1 aid$ by ?is habit1 we obs]ve 
! ,law ( ,god outw>dly & inw>dly & t ?is
 fulfill+ ( ! ,law is wor?y ( grace & ( 

et]nal life4  ,?is doctr9e is pla9ly !  
doctr9e ( ! ,law4  ,= t is true :i* !   
,law says3 ,?\ %alt love ! ,"l1 ?y ,god1
 etc41 ,deut4 #f1 #e4 ,?\ %alt love ?y  
neighbor ,lev4 #ai1 #ah4 ,love is1      
!re=e1 ! fulfill+ ( ! ,law4  ,b x is    
easy = a ,*ri/ian to judge conc]n+ bo?  
modes1 because bo? modes exclude ,*ri/1 
& are !re=e to be reject$4 ,9 ! =m]1 :i*
 tea*es t our works are a propitiation =
 s91 ! impiety is manife/4  ,! latt]    
mode conta9s mu* t is injuri\s4  ,x does
 n tea* t1 :5 we are born aga91 we avail
 ourselves ( ,*ri/4  ,x does n tea* t   
ju/ification is ! remission ( s9s4  ,x  
does n tea* t we atta9 ! remission ( s9s
 be=e we love b falsely repres5ts t we  
r\se 9 ourselves ! act ( love1 ?r\gh :i*
 we m]it remission ( s9s4  ,nor does x  
tea* t by fai? 9 ,*ri/ we ov]come !     
t]rors ( s9 & dea?4  ,x falsely         
repres5ts t1 by _! own fulfill+ ( !     
,law1 )\t ,*ri/ z ,propitiator1 m5 come 
to ,god4  ,f9ally1 x repres5ts t ?is v  
fulfill+ ( ! ,law1 )\t ,*ri/ z          

,propitiator1 is righte\sness wor?y (   
grace & et]nal life1 :ile nev]!less     
sc>cely a weak & feeble fulfill+ ( !    
,law occurs ev5 9 sa9ts4  ,b if any "o w
 only reflect ^u x t ! ,gospel has n be5
 giv5 9 va9 to ! _w1 & t ,*ri/ has n be5
 promis$1 set =?1 has n be5 born1 has n 
suff]$1 has n ris5 aga9 9 va91 he w mo/ 
readily und]/& t we are ju/ifi$ n f     
reason or f ! ,law4  ,9 reg>d to        
ju/ification1 we !re=e are compell$ to  
diss5t f ! adv]s>ies4  ,= ! ,gospel %[s 
ano!r mode2 ! ,gospel compels u to avail
 ourselves ( ,*ri/ 9 ju/ification1 x    
tea*es t ?r\gh ,him we h access to ,god 
by fai?2 x tea*es t we ought to set ,him
 z ,m$iator & ,propitiator aga9/ ,god's 
wra?2 x tea*es t by fai? 9 ,*ri/ !      
remission ( s9s & reconciliation are    
receiv$1 & ! t]rors ( s9 & ( dea?       
ov]come4  ,?us ,paul also says t        
righte\sness is n ( ! ,law1 b ( !       
promise1 9 :i* ! ,fa!r has promis$ t ,he
 wi%es to =give1 t = ,*ri/'s sake ,he   
wi%es to be reconcil$4  ,?is promise1   

h[ev]1 is receiv$ by fai? alone1 z ,paul
 te/ifies1 ,rom4 #d1ac4 ,?is fai? alone 
receives remission ( s9s1 ju/ifies1 &   
reg5]ates4  ,!n love & o!r good fruits  
foll[4  ,?us1 !re=e1 we tea* t man is   
ju/ifi$1 z we h above said1 :5          
consci5ce1 t]rifi$ by ! prea*+ (        
rep5tance1 is *e]$ & believes t =       
,*ri/'s sake x has a reconcil$ ,god4    
,?is fai? is c\nt$ = righte\sness be=e  
,god1 ,rom4 #d1 #c4 #e4 ,& :5 9 ?is     
mann] ! he>t is *e]$ & quick5$ by fai?1 
x receives ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o r5ews u1 s 
t we are able to obs]ve ! ,law2 s t we  
are able to love ,god & ! ,^w ( ,god1 & 
to be submissive to ,god 9 afflictions1 
s t we are able to be *a/e1 to love our 
neighbor1 etc4 ,ev5 ?\gh ^! works are z 
yet f> di/ant f ! p]fection ( ! ,law1   
yet !y please on acc\nt ( fai?1 by :i*  
we are acc\nt$ righte\s1 because we     
believe t = ,*ri/'s sake we h a         
reconcil$ ,god4  ,^! ?+s are pla9 & 9   
h>mony ) ! ,gospel1 & c be und]/ood by  
p]sons ( s\nd m9d4  ,& f ?is f\ndation x

 c easily be decid$ :y we ascribe       
ju/ification to fai?1 & n to love2      
al?\gh love foll[s fai?1 because love is
 ! fulfill+ ( ! ,law4  ,b ,paul tea*es t
 we are ju/ifi$ n f ! ,law1 b f !       
promise :i* is receiv$ only by fai?4  ,=
 we nei!r come to ,god )\t ,*ri/ z      
,m$iator1 nor receive remission ( s9s = 
! sake ( our love1 b = ! sake ( ,*ri/4  
,likewise we are n able to love ,god    
:ile ,he is angry1 & ! ,law always      
accuses u1 always manife/s to u an angry
 ,god4 ,!re=e1 by fai? we mu/ fir/      
appreh5d ! promise t = ,*ri/'s sake !   
,fa!r is reconcil$ & =gives4  ,aft]w>ds 
we beg9 to obs]ve ! ,law4  ,our eyes are
 to be ca/ f> away f human reason1 f>   
away f ,moses ^u ,*ri/1 & we are to     
believe t ,*ri/ is giv5 u1 9 ord] t = ,8
 sake we may be acc\nt$ righte\s4  ,9 ! 
fle% we nev] satisfy ! ,law4  ,?us1     
!re=e1 we are acc\nt$ righte\s1 n on    
acc\nt ( ! ,law b on acc\nt ( ,*ri/     
because ,8 m]its are grant$ u1 if we    
believe on ,him4  ,if any "o1 !re=e1 has

 consid]$ ^! f\ndations1 t we are n     
ju/ifi$ by ! ,law because human nature  
_c obs]ve ! ,law ( ,god & _c love ,god1 
b t we are ju/ifi$ f ! promise1 9 :i*1 =
 ,*ri/'s sake1 reconciliation1          
righte\sness1 & et]nal life h be5       
promis$1 he w easily und]/& t           
ju/ification mu/ necess>ily be ascrib$  
to fai?1 if he only w reflect ^u ! fact 
t x is n 9 va9 t ,*ri/ has be5 promis$ &
 set =?1 t ,he has be5 born & has suff]$
 & be5 rais$ aga92 if he w reflect ^u ! 
fact t ! promise ( grace 9 ,*ri/ is n 9 
va91 t x 0 made imm$iately f ! beg9n+ ( 
! _w ap>t f & beyond ! ,law2 if he w    
reflect ^u ! fact t ! promise %\ld be   
receiv$ by fai?1 z ,john says1 #a ,ep4  
#e1 #aj sq43 ,he t believe? n ,god ha?  
made ,him a li>1 because he believe? n !
 record t ,god gave ( ,8 ,son4  ,& ?is  
is ! record t ,god ha? giv5 to u et]nal 
life1 & ?is life is 9 ,8 ,son4  ,he t   
ha? ! ,son ha? life1 & he t ha? n ! ,son
 ( ,god ha? n life4 ,& ,*ri/ says ,john 
#h1 #cf3 ,if ! ,son1 !re=e1 %all make y 

free1 ye %all be free inde$4  ,& ,paul1 
,rom4 #e1 #b3 ,by :om also we h access  
to ,god2 & he adds3 by fai?4  ,by fai? 9
 ,*ri/1 !re=e1 ! promise ( remission (  
s9s & ( righte\sness is receiv$4  ,nei!r
 are we ju/ifi$ be=e ,god by reason or  
by ! ,law4  ,^! ?+s are s pla9 & s      
manife/ t we wond] t ! madness ( !      
adv]s>ies is s great z to call !m into  
d\bt4 ,! pro( is manife/ t1 s9ce we are 
ju/ifi$ be=e ,god n f ! ,law b f !      
promise1 x is necess>y to ascribe       
ju/ification to fai?4  ,:at c be oppos$ 
to ?is pro(1 unless "s "o wi% to aboli% 
! entire ,gospel & ! entire ,*ri/8 ,!   
glory ( ,*ri/ becomes m brilliant :5 we 
tea* t we avail ourselves ( ,him z      
,m$iator & ,propitiator4  ,godly        
consci5ces see t 9 ?is doctr9e ! mo/    
abundant consolation is (f]$ to !m1     
namely1 t !y ought to believe & mo/     
firmly ass]t t !y h a reconcil$ ,fa!r = 
,*ri/'s sake1 & n = ! sake ( our        
righte\sness1 & t1 nev]!less1 ,*ri/ aids
 u1 s t we are able to obs]ve also !    

,law4  ,( su* great bless+s z ^! !      
adv]s>ies deprive ! ,*ur* :5 !y condemn 
& endeavor to efface1 ! doctr9e conc]n+ 
! righte\sness ( fai?4  ,!re=e let all  
well-dispos$ m9ds bew>e ( cons5t+ to !  
godless c\nsels ( ! adv]s>ies4  ,9 !    
doctr9e ( ! adv]s>ies conc]n+           
ju/ification no m5tion is made ( ,*ri/1 
& h[ we ought to set ,him aga9/ ! wra? (
 ,god1 z ?\gh1 inde$1 we 7 able to      
ov]come ! wra? ( ,god by love1 or to    
love an angry ,god4  ,9 reg>d to ^! ?+s1
 consci5ces are left 9 unc]ta9ty4  ,= if
 !y are to ?9k t !y h a reconcil$ ,god =
 ! reason t !y love1 & t !y obs]ve !    
,law1 !y mu/ ne$s always d\bt :e!r !y h 
a reconcil$ ,god1 because !y ei!r d n   
feel ?is love1 z ! adv]s>ies ackn[l$ge1 
or !y c]ta9ly feel t x is v small2 & mu*
 m frequ5tly d !y feel t !y are angry at
 ! judgm5t ( ,god1 :o oppresses human   
nature ) _m t]rible evils1 ) tr\bles (  
?is life1 ! t]rors ( et]nal wra?1 etc4  
,:51 !re=e1 w consci5ce be at re/1 :5 w 
x be pacifi$8 ,:51 9 ?is d\bt & 9 ^!    

t]rors1 w x love ,god8  ,:at else is !  
doctr9e ( ! ,law ?an a doctr9e (        
despair8  ,& let any "o ( our adv]s>ies 
come =w>d :o c tea* u conc]n+ ?is love1 
h[ he himself loves ,god4  ,!y d n at   
all und]/& :at !y say !y only e*o1 j l !
 walls ( a h\se1 ! little ^w love1 )\t  
und]/&+ x4  ,s confus$ & obscure is _!  
doctr9e3 x n only transf]s ! glory (    
,*ri/ to human works1 b also leads      
consci5ces ei!r to presumption or to    
despair4  ,b ours1 we hope1 is readily  
und]/ood by pi\s m9ds1 & br+s godly &   
salut>y consolation to t]rifi$          
consci5ces4 ,= z ! adv]s>ies quibble t  
also _m wick$ m5 & devils believe1 we h 
frequ5tly already said t we speak ( fai?
 9 ,*ri/1 i4e41 ( fai? 9 ! remission (  
s9s1 ( fai? :i* truly & he>tily ass5ts  
to ! promise ( grace4  ,?is is n br\ght 
ab\t )\t a great /ruggle 9 human he>ts4 
,& m5 ( s\nd m9d c easily judge t ! fai?
 :i* believes t we are c>$ = by ,god1 & 
t we are =giv5 & he>d by ,him1 is a     
matt] above nature4  ,= ( its own accord

 ! human m9d makes no su* decision      
conc]n+ ,god4  ,!re=e ?is fai? ( :i* we 
speak is nei!r 9 ! wick$ nor 9 devils4  
,fur!rmore1 if any sophi/ cavils t      
righte\sness is 9 ! w1 & !re=e x _c be  
ascrib$ to fai?1 :i* is 9 ! intellect1 !
 reply is easy1 because 9 ! s*ools ev5  
su* p]sons ackn[l$ge t ! w comm&s !     
intellect to ass5t to ! ,^w ( ,god4  ,we
 say also q cle>ly3 ,j z ! t]rors ( s9 &
 dea? are n only ?\ghts ( ! intellect1 b
 also horrible movem5ts ( ! w flee+     
,god's judgm5t1 s fai? is n only k 9 !  
intellect1 b also confid5ce 9 ! w1 i4e41
 x is to wi% & to receive t :i* is (f]$ 
9 ! promise1 namely1 reconciliation &   
remission ( s9s4  ,scripture ?us uses ! 
t]m fai?1 z ! foll[+ s5t5ce ( ,paul     
te/ifies1 ,rom4 #e1 #a3 ,be+ ju/ifi$ by 
fai?1 we h peace ) ,god4  ,moreov]1 9   
?is passage1 to ju/ify signifies1       
accord+ to =5sic usage1 to acquit a     
guilty "o & decl>e him righte\s1 b on   
acc\nt ( ! righte\sness ( ano!r1 namely1
 ( ,*ri/1 :i* righte\sness ( ano!r is   

communicat$ to u by fai?4  ,!re=e1 s9ce 
9 ?is passage our righte\sness is !     
imputation ( ! righte\sness ( ano!r1 we 
mu/ "h speak conc]n+ righte\sness       
o!rwise ?an :5 9 philosophy or 9 a civil
 c\rt we seek aft] ! righte\sness ( "o's
 own "w :i* c]ta9ly is 9 ! w4 ,paul     
accord+ly says1 #a ,cor4 #a1 #cj3 ,(    
,him are ye 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o ( ,god is
 made unto u ,wisdom & ,righte\sness1 & 
,sanctification1 & ,r$emption4  ,& #b   
,cor4 #e1 #ba3 ,he ha? mode ,him to be  
s9 = u :o knew no s91 t we might be made
 ! righte\sness ( ,god 9 ,him4  ,b      
because ! righte\sness ( ,*ri/ is giv5 u
 by fai?1 fai? is = ?is reason          
righte\sness 9 u imputatively1 i4e41 x  
is t by :i* we are made acceptable to   
,god on acc\nt ( ! imputation & ord9ance
 ( ,god1 z ,paul says1 ,rom4 #d1 #c4 #e3
 ,fai? is reckon$ = righte\sness4       
,al?\gh on acc\nt ( c]ta9 capti\s p]sons
 we mu/ say te*nically3 ,fai? is truly  
righte\sness1 because x is ob$i5ce to ! 
,gospel4  ,= x is evid5t t ob$i5ce to ! 

comm& ( a sup]ior is truly a species (  
di/ributive ju/ice4  ,& ?is ob$i5ce to !
 ,gospel is reckon$ = righte\sness1 s t1
 only on acc\nt ( ?is1 because by ?is we
 appreh5d ,*ri/ z ,propitiator1 good    
works1 or ob$i5ce to ! ,law1 are pleas+4
  ,= we d n satisfy ! ,law1 b = ,*ri/'s 
sake ?is is =giv5 u1 z ,paul says1 ,rom4
 #h1 #a3 ,!re is !re=e n[ no            
condemnation to !m :i* are 9 ,*ri/      
,jesus4 ,?is fai? gives ,god ! honor1   
gives ,god t :i* is ,8 own1 9 ?is1 t1 by
 receiv+ ! promises1 x obeys ,him4  ,j z
 ,paul also says1 ,rom4 #d1 #bj3 ,he    
/agg]$ n at ! promise ( ,god ?r\gh      
unbelief1 b 0 /rong 9 fai?1 giv+ glory  
to ,god4  ,?us ! wor%ip & div9e s]vice (
 ! ,gospel is to receive f ,god gifts1  
on ! contr>y1 ! wor%ip ( ! ,law is to   
(f] & pres5t our gifts to ,god4  ,we c1 
h[ev]1 (f] no?+ to ,god unless we h fir/
 be5 reconcil$ & born aga94  ,?is       
passage too1 br+s ! greate/ consolation1
 z ! *ief wor%ip ( ! ,gospel is to wi%  
to receive remission ( s9s1 grace1 &    

righte\sness4  ,( ?is wor%ip ,*ri/ says1
 ,john #f1 #dj3 ,?is is ! w ( ,him t s5t
 ,me1 t e "o :i* see? ! ,son1 & believe?
 on ,him1 may h ev]la/+ life4  ,& !     
,fa!r says1 ,matt4 #ag1 #e3 ,?is is ,my 
belov$ ,son1 9 :om ,i am well pleas$1   
he> ye ,him4  ,! adv]s>ies speak (      
ob$i5ce to ! ,law2 !y d n speak (       
ob$i5ce to ! ,gospel1 & yet we _c obey !
 ,law1 unless1 ?r\gh ! ,gospel1 we h be5
 born aga91 s9ce we _c love ,god1 unless
 ! remission ( s9s has be5 receiv$4  ,= 
z long z we feel t ,he is angry ) u1    
human nature flees f ,8 wra? & judgm5t4 
,if any "o %\ld make a cavil su* z ?is3 
,if t be fai? :i* wi%es ^? ?+s t are    
(f]$ 9 ! promise1 ! habits ( fai? & hope
 seem to be conf\nd$1 because hope is t 
:i* expects promis$ ?+s1 to ?is we reply
 t ^! dispositions _c 9 reality be      
sev]$1 9 ! mann] t !y are divid$ by idle
 speculations 9 ! s*ools4  ,= also 9 !  
,epi/le to ! ,hebrews fai? is def9$ z ! 
sub/ance 7exspectatio7 ( ?+s hop$ =1    
,heb4 #aa1 #a4 ,yet if any "o wi% a     

di/9ction to be made1 we say t ! object 
( hope is prop]ly a future ev5t1 b t    
fai? is conc]n$ ) future & pres5t ?+s1 &
 receives 9 ! pres5t ! remission ( s9s  
(f]$ 9 ! promise4  ,f ^! /atem5ts we    
hope t x c be suffici5tly und]/ood bo?  
:at fai? is & t we are compell$ to hold 
t by fai? we are ju/ifi$1 reconcil$1 &  
reg5]at$1 if1 inde$1 we wi% to tea* !   
righte\sness ( ! ,gospel1 & n !         
righte\sness ( ! ,law4  ,= ^? :o tea* t 
we are ju/ifi$ by love tea* !           
righte\sness ( ! ,law1 & d n tea* u 9   
ju/ification to avail ourselves ( ,*ri/ 
z ,m$iator4  ,^! ?+s also are manife/   
namely1 t n by love1 b by fai?1 we      
ov]come ! t]rors ( s9 & dea?1 t we _c   
oppose our love & fulfill+ ( ! ,law to !
 wra? ( ,god1 because ,paul says1 ,rom4 
#e1 #b3 ,by ,*ri/ we h access to ,god by
 fai?4  ,we urge ?is s5t5ce s frequ5tly 
= ! sake ( p]spicuity4  ,= x %[s mo/    
cle>ly ! /ate ( our :ole case1 &1 :5    
c>efully consid]$1 c tea* abundantly    
conc]n+ ! :ole matt]1 & c console       

well-dispos$ m9ds4  ,accord+ly1 x is (  
advantage to h x at h& & 9 sight1 n only
 t we may be able to oppose x to !      
doctr9e ( our adv]s>ies1 :o tea* t we   
come to ,god n by fai?1 b by love &     
m]its1 )\t ,*ri/ z ,m$iator2 & also1 at 
! same "t t1 :5 9 fe>1 we may *e]       
ourselves & ex]cise fai?4  ,?is is also 
manife/1 t )\t ! aid ( ,*ri/ we _c      
obs]ve ! ,law1 z ,he ,himself says ,john
 #ae1 #e3 ,)\t ,me ye c d no?+4         
,accord+ly1 be=e we obs]ve ! ,law1 our  
he>ts mu/ be born aga9 by fai?4  ,f !   
explanations :i* we h made x c easily be
 inf]r$ :at answ] mu/ be giv5 to simil> 
quotations4  ,= ! rule s int]prets all  
passages t treat ( good works t outside 
( ,*ri/ !y are to be wor?less be=e ,god1
 & t ! he>t mu/ fir/ h ,*ri/1 & believe 
t x is accept$ ) ,god = ,*ri/'s sake1 n 
because ( its own works4  ,! adv]s>ies  
also br+ =w>d "s argum5ts ( ! s*ools1   
:i* are easily answ]$1 if y "k :at fai? 
is4 ,tri$ ,*ri/ians speak ( fai? q      
diff]5tly f ! sophi/s1 = we h %[n be=e t

 to believe means to rely on ! m]cy (   
,god1 t ,he desires to be graci\s =     
,*ri/'s sake1 )\t our m]its4  ,t is :at 
x means to believe ! article ( !        
=giv5ess ( s94  ,to believe ?is does n  
mean to "k ! hi/ory only1 :i* ! devils  
also "k4  ,!re=e we c easily meet !     
argum5t ( ! s*ools :5 !y say t ! devils 
also believe1 !re=e fai? does n ju/ify4 
,aye1 ! devils "k ! hi/ory1 b !y d n    
believe ! =giv5ess ( s94  ,aga91 !y say3
 ,to be righte\s is to be ob$i5t4  ,n[1 
to p]=m works is c]ta9ly ob$i5ce2 !re=e 
works mu/ ju/ify4  ,we %\ld answ] ?is z 
foll[s3 ,to be righte\s is a k9d (      
ob$i5ce :i* ,god accepts z su*4  ,n[    
,god is n will+ to accept our ob$i5ce 9 
works z righte\sness2 = x is n an       
ob$i5ce ( ! he>t1 because none truly    
keep ! ,law4  ,= ?is reason ,he has     
orda9$ t !re %\ld be ano!r k9d ( ob$i5ce
 :i* ,he w accept z righte\sness1       
namely1 t we are to ackn[l$ge our       
disob$i5ce1 & tru/ t we are pleas+ to   
,god = ,*ri/'s sake1 n on acc\nt ( our  

ob$i5ce4  ,accord+ly1 to be righte\s 9  
?is case means to be pleas+ to ,god1 n  
on acc\nt ( our own ob$i5ce1 b f m]cy = 
,*ri/'s sake4  ,aga91 to s9 is to hate  
,god2 !re=e1 to love ,god mu/ be        
righte\sness4  ,true1 to love ,god is ! 
righte\sness ( ! ,law4  ,b nobody       
fulfils ?is ,law4 ,!re=e ! ,gospel      
tea*es a new k9d ( righte\sness1 namely1
 t we are pleas+ to ,god = ,*ri/'s sake1
 al?\gh we h n fulfill$ ! ,law2 & yet1  
we are to beg9 to d ! ,law4  ,aga91 :at 
is ! diff]5ce betwe5 fai? & hope8       
,answ]3 ,hope expects future bless+s &  
deliv]ance f tribulation2 fai? receives 
! pres5t reconciliation1 & concludes 9 !
 he>t t ,god has =giv5 my s91 & t ,he is
 n[ graci\s to me4  ,& ?is is a noble   
s]vice ( ,god1 :i* s]ves ,god by giv+   
,him ! honor1 & by e/eem+ ,8 m]cy &     
promise s sure t )\t m]it we c receive &
 expect f ,him all mann] ( bless+s4  ,& 
9 ?is s]vice ( ,god ! he>t %\ld be      
ex]cis$ & increase1 ( :i* ! fooli%      
sophi/s "k no?+4  ,h5ce x c also be     

und]/ood :y we f9d fault ) ! doctr9e ( !
 adv]s>ies conc]n+ m]itum condigni4  ,! 
decision is v easy3 because !y d n make 
m5tion ( fai?1 t we please ,god by fai? 
= ,*ri/'s sake1 b imag9e t good works1  
wr\ght by ! aid ( ! habit ( love1       
con/itute a righte\sness wor?y by itself
 to please ,god1 & wor?y ( et]nal life1 
& t !y h no ne$ ( ,*ri/ z ,m$iator4     
,?is c 9 no wise be tol]at$4 ,:at else  
is ?is ?an to transf] ! glory ( ,*ri/ to
 our works1 namely t we please ,god     
because ( our works1 & n because (      
,*ri/8  ,b ?is is also to rob ,*ri/ ( ! 
glory ( be+ ! ,m$iator :o is ,m$iator   
p]petually1 & n m]ely 9 ! beg9n+ (      
,ju/ification4  ,paul also says1 ,gal4  
#b1 #ag1 t ,if "o ju/ifi$ 9 ,*ri/ h ne$ 
aft]w>ds to seek righte\sness else:]e1  
he affirms ( ,*ri/ t ,he is a m9i/] (   
s91 i4e41 t ,he does n fully ju/ify4  ,&
 ?is is :at ! holy1 ca?olic1 ,*ri/ian   
,*ur* tea*es1 prea*es1 & confesses1     
namely1 t we are sav$ by m]cy z we h %[n
 above f ,j]ome4 ,& mo/ absurd is t :i* 

! adv]s>ies tea*1 namely1 t good works  
m]it grace de condigno1 z ?\gh inde$    
aft] ! beg9n+ ( ju/ification1 if        
consci5ce is t]rifi$1 z is ord9>ily !   
case1 grace mu/ be s\ght ?r\gh a good   
"w1 & n by fai? 9 ,*ri/4  ,secondly1 !  
doctr9e ( ! adv]s>ies leaves consci5ces 
9 d\bt1 s t !y nev] c be pacifi$1       
because ! ,law always accuses u1 ev5 9  
good works4  ,= always ! fle% lu/e?     
aga9/ ! ,_s1 ,gal4 #e1 #ag4 ,h[1 !re=e1 
w consci5ce "h h peace )\t fai?1 if x   
believe t1 n = ,*ri/'s sake1 b = ! sake 
( "o's own "w1 x ought n[ to please     
,god8  ,:at "w w x f9d1 ^u :at w x      
firmly rely z wor?y ( et]nal life1 if1  
inde$1 hope ought to orig9ate f m]its8  
,aga9/ ^! d\bts ,paul says1 ,rom4 #e1   
#a3 ,be+ ju/ifi$ by fai?1 we h peace )  
,god2 we ought to be firmly conv9c$ t = 
,*ri/'s sake righte\sness & et]nal life 
are grant$ u4  ,& ( ,abraham he says    
,rom4 #d1 #ah3 ,aga9/ hope he believ$ 9 
hope4  ,?irdly1 h[ w consci5ce "k :5 by 
! incl9ation ( ?is habit ( love1 a "w   

has be5 done ( :i* x may affirm t x     
m]its grace de condigno8  ,b x is only  
to elude ! ,scriptures t ?is v di/9ction
 has be5 devis$1 namely1 t m5 m]it at "o
 "t de congruo & at ano!r "t de         
condigno1 because1 z we h above said1 ! 
int5tion ( ! "o :o works does n di/+ui% 
! k9ds ( m]it2 b hypocrites1 9 _!       
security1 ?9k simply _! works are wor?y1
 & t = ?is reason !y are acc\nt$        
righte\s4  ,on ! o!r h&1 t]rifi$        
consci5ces d\bt conc]n+ all works1 & =  
?is reason are cont9ually seek+ o!r     
works4  ,= ?is is :at x means to m]it de
 congruo1 namely to d\bt &1 )\t fai?1 to
 "w1 until despair takes place4  ,9 a   
^w1 all t ! adv]s>ies tea* 9 reg>d to   
?is matt] is full ( errors & dang]s4    
,f\r?ly1 ! entire ! holy1 ca?olic1      
,*ri/ian ,*ur* confesses t et]nal life  
is atta9$ ?r\gh m]cy4  ,= ?us ,augu/9e  
speaks ,on ,grace & ,free ,w1 :5 inde$1 
he is speak+ ( ! works ( ! sa9ts wr\ght 
aft] ju/ification3 ,god leads u to      
et]nal life n by our m]its1 b accord+ to

 ,8 m]cy4  ,& ,confessions1 ,book ,,ix3 
,woe to ! life ( man1 h[ev] mu* x may be
 wor?y ( praise1 if x be judg$ ) m]cy   
remov$4  ,& ,cyprian 9 8 treatise on !  
,"l's ,pray]3 ,le/ any "o %\ld flatt]   
himself t he is innoc5t1 & by exalt+    
himself1 %\ld p]i% ! m deeply1 he is    
in/ruct$ & taught t he s9s daily1 9 t he
 is bidd5 to entreat daily = 8 s9s4  ,b 
! subject is well kn[n1 & has v _m & v  
cle> te/imonies 9 ,scripture1 & 9 !     
,*ur* ,fa!rs1 :o all ) "o m\? decl>e t1 
ev5 ?\gh we h good works yet 9 ^! v     
works we ne$ m]cy4 ,fai? look+ ^u ?is   
m]cy *e]s & consoles u4  ,:]e=e !       
adv]s>ies tea* errone\sly :5 !y s extol 
m]its z to add no?+ conc]n+ ?is fai? t  
appreh5ds m]cy4  ,= j z we h above said 
t ! promise & fai? /& 9 a reciprocal    
relation1 & t ! promise is n appreh5d$  
unless by fai?1 s we "h say t ! promis$ 
m]cy correlatively requires fai?1 & _c  
be appreh5d$ )\t fai?4  ,!re=e we ju/ly 
f9d fault ) ! doctr9e conc]n+ m]itum    
condigni1 s9ce x tea*es no?+ ( ju/ify+  

fai?1 & obscures ! glory & (fice ( ,*ri/
 z ,m$iator4  ,nor %\ld we be reg>d$ z  
tea*+ any?+ new 9 ?is matt]1 s9ce !     
,*ur* ,fa!rs h s cle>ly h&$ d[n !       
doctr9e t ev5 9 good works we ne$ m]cy4 
,scripture also (t5 inculcates ! same4  
,9 ,ps4 #adc1 #i3 ,& ent] n into judgm5t
 ) ,?y s]vant2 = 9 ,?y sight %all no man
 liv+ be ju/ifi$4  ,?is passage d5ies   
absolutely1 ev5 to all sa9ts & s]vants (
 ,god1 ! glory ( righte\sness1 if ,god  
does n =give1 b judges & convicts _!    
he>ts4  ,= :5 ,david boa/s 9 o!r places 
( 8 righte\sness1 he speaks conc]n+ 8   
own cause aga9/ ! p]secutors ( ,god's   
,^w1 he does n speak ( 8 p]sonal purity2
 & he asks t ! cause & glory ( ,god be  
def5d$1 z 9 ,ps4 #g1 #h3 ,judge me1 ,o  
,"l1 accord+ to ,?y righte\sness1 &     
accord+ to m9e integrity t is 9 me4     
,likewise 9 ,ps4 #acj1 #c1 he says t no 
"o c endure ,god's judgm5t1 if ,god 7 to
 m>k our s9s3 ,if ,?\1 ,"l1 %\lde/ m>k  
iniquities1 ,o ,"l1 :o %all /&8  ,job   
#i1 #bh3 ,i am afraid ( all my sorr[s   

,vulg41 op]a1 works2 v4 #cj3 ,if ,i wa% 
myself ) sn[-wat]1 & make my h&s nev] s 
clean1 yet ,?\ %alt plunge me 9 ! dit*4 
,prov4 #bj1 #i3 ,:o c say1 ,i h made my 
he>t clean1 ,i am pure f my s98 #a ,john
 #a1 #h3 ,if we say t we h no s91 we    
deceive ourselves & ! tru? is n 9 u1    
etc4 ,& 9 ! ,"l's ,pray] ! sa9ts ask = !
 remission ( s9s4  ,!re=e ev5 ! sa9ts h 
s9s4  ,num4 #ad1 #ah3 ,! innoc5t %all n 
be innoc5t cf4  ,ex4 #cd1 #g4  ,deut4   
#d1 #bd3 ,! ,"l1 ?y ,god1 is a consum+  
fire4  ,ze*>iah also says1 #b1 #ac3 ,be 
sil5t1 ,o all fle%1 be=e ! ,"l4  ,is4   
#dj1 #f3 ,all fle% is z grass1 & all !  
goodl9ess !re( is z ! fl[] ( ! field2 ! 
grass )]e?1 ! fl[] fade?1 because ! ,_s 
( ! ,"l bl[e? ^u x1 i4 e41 fle% &       
righte\sness ( ! fle% _c endure !       
judgm5t ( ,god4  ,jonah also says1 *ap4 
#b1 #h3 ,!y t obs]ve ly+ vanities =sake 
_! own m]cy1 i4e41 all confid5ce is va91
 except confid5ce 9 m]cy2 m]cy deliv]s  
u2 our own m]its1 our own ef=ts1 d n4   
,accord+ly1 ,daniel also prays1 #i1 #ah 

sq43 ,= we d n pres5t our supplications 
be=e ,!e = our righte\snesses b = ,?y   
great m]cies4  ,o ,"l1 he>2 ,o ,"l1     
=give2 ,o ,"l1 he>k5 & d x2 def] n =    
,?9e own sake1 ,o my ,god2 = ,?y city & 
,?y p are call$ by ,?y "n4  ,?us ,daniel
 tea*es u 9 pray+ to lay hold ^u m]cy1  
i4e41 to tru/ 9 ,god's m]cy1 & n to tru/
 9 our own m]its be=e ,god4  ,we also   
wond] :at our adv]s>ies d 9 pray]1 if1  
inde$1 ! pr(ane m5 ev] ask any?+ ( ,god4
  ,if !y decl>e t !y are wor?y because  
!y h love & good works1 & ask = grace z 
a debt1 !y pray precisely l ! ,ph>isee 9
 ,luke #ah1 #aa1 :o says3 ,i am n z o!r 
m5 are4  ,he :o ?us prays = grace & does
 n rely ^u ,god's m]cy1 treats ,*ri/ )  
di%onor1 :o1 s9ce ,he is our ,high      
,prie/1 int]c$es = u4  ,?us1 !re=e1     
pray] relies ^u ,god's m]cy1 :5 we      
believe t we are he>d = ! sake ( ,*ri/ !
 ,high ,prie/1 z ,he ,himself says1     
,john #ad1 #ac3 ,:atsoev] ye %all ask ! 
,fa!r 9 ,my "n1 ,he w give x y4  ,9 ,my 
"n1 ,he says1 because )\t ?is ,high     

,prie/ we _c approa* ! ,fa!r4  ,all     
prud5t m5 w see :at foll[s f ! op9ion ( 
! adv]s>ies4  ,= if we %all believe t   
,*ri/ has m]it$ only ! prima gratia1 z  
!y call x1 & t we aft]w>ds m]it et]nal  
life by our works1 he>ts or consci5ces w
 be pacifi$ nei!r at ! h\r ( dea?1 nor  
at any o!r "t1 nor c !y ev] build ^u    
c]ta9 gr\nd2 !y are nev] c]ta9 t ,god is
 graci\s4  ,?us _! doctr9e un9t]mitt+ly 
leads to no?+ b mis]y ( s\l &1 f9ally1  
to despair4  ,= ,god's ,law is n a matt]
 ( pleasantry2 x ceaselessly accuses    
consci5ces outside ( ,*ri/1 z ,paul     
says1 ,rom4 #d1 #ae3 ,! ,law worke?     
wra?4  ,?us x w happ5 t if consci5ces   
feel ! judgm5t ( ,god1 !y h no c]ta9    
com=t & w ru% into despair4  ,paul says3
 ,:atsoev] is n ( fai? is s91 ,rom4 #ad1
 #bc4 ,b ^? p]sons c d no?+ f fai? :o   
are fir/ to atta9 to ?is t ,god is      
graci\s to !m only :5 !y h at l5g?      
fulfill$ ! ,law4  ,!y w always quake )  
d\bt :e!r !y h done en\gh good works1   
:e!r ! ,law has be5 satisfi$1 yea1 !y w 

ke5ly feel & und]/& t !y are /ill "u    
obligation to ! ,law4  ,accord+ly1 !y w 
nev] be sure t !y h a graci\s ,god1 & t 
_! pray] is he>d4  ,!re=e !y c nev]     
truly love ,god1 nor expect any bless+ f
 ,him1 nor truly wor%ip ,god4  ,:at else
 are su* he>ts & consci5ces ?an hell    
itself1 s9ce !re is no?+ 9 !m b despair1
 fa9t+ away grumbl+1 discont5t1 & hatr$ 
( ,god1 & yet 9 ?is hatr$ !y invoke &   
wor%ip ,god1 j z ,saul wor%ip$ ,him  ,"h
 we appeal to all ,*ri/ian m9ds & to all
 t are exp]i5c$ 9 trials2 !y w be =c$ to
 confess & say t su* great unc]ta9ty1   
su* disquietude1 su* torture & anxiety1 
su* horrible fe> & d\bt foll[ f ?is     
tea*+ ( ! adv]s>ies :o imag9e t we are  
acc\nt$ righte\s be=e ,god by our own   
works or fulfill+ ( ! ,law :i* we p]=m1 
& po9t u to ,que] ,/reet by bidd+ u tru/
 n 9 ! ri*1 bless$ promises ( ,grace1   
giv5 u by ,*ri/ ! ,m$iator1 b 9 our own 
mis]able works6  ,!re=e1 ?is conclusion 
/&s l a rock1 yea1 l a wall1 namely1 t1 
al?\gh we h begun to d ! ,law1 /ill we  

are accept$ ) ,god & at peace ) ,him1 n 
on acc\nt ( su* works ( ours1 b =       
,*ri/'s sake by fai?2 nor does ,god owe 
u ev]la/+ life on acc\nt ( ^! works4  ,b
 j z =giv5ess ( s9 & righte\sness is    
imput$ to u = ,*ri/'s sake1 n on acc\nt 
( our works1 or ! ,law1 s ev]la/+ life1 
toge!r ) righte\sness1 is (f]$ u1 n on  
acc\nt ( our works1 or ( ! ,law1 b =    
,*ri/'s sake z ,*ri/ says1 ,john #f1    
#dj3 ,?is is ! ,fa!r's w t s5t ,he1 t e 
"o :i* see? ! ,son1 & believe? on ,him  
may h ev]la/+ life4  ,aga91 v4 #dg3 ,he 
t believe? on ! ,son ha? ev]la/+ life4  
,n[1 ! adv]s>ies %\ld be ask$ at ?is    
po9t :at advice !y give to poor         
consci5ces 9 ! h\r ( dea?3 :e!r !y com=t
 consci5ces by tell+ !m t !y w h a      
bless$ dep>ture1 t !y w be sav$1 & h a  
propitiat$ ,god1 because ( _! own m]its 
or because ( ,god's grace & m]cy =      
,*ri/'s sake4  ,= ,/4 ,pet] ,/4 ,paul1 &
 sa9ts l !m _c boa/ t ,god owes !m      
et]nal life = _! m>tyrdom1 nor h !y     
reli$ on _! works1 b on ! m]cy promis$ 9

 ,*ri/4  ,nor w\ld x be possible t a    
sa9t1 great & high ?\gh he be1 c\ld make
 a firm /& aga9/ ! accusations ( ! div9e
 ,law1 ! great might ( ! devil1 ! t]ror 
( dea?1 &1 f9ally1 aga9/ despair & !    
angui% ( hell1 if he w\ld n grasp !     
div9e promises1 ! ,gospel1 z a tree or  
bran* 9 ! great flood 9 ! /rong1 viol5t 
/ream1 amid/ ! waves & bill[s ( ! angui%
 ( dea?2 if he does n cl+ by fai? to !  
,^w1 :i* proclaims grace1 & ?us obta9s  
et]nal life )\t works1 )\t ! ,law1 f    
pure grace4  ,= ?is doctr9e alone       
pres]ves ,*ri/ian consci5ces 9          
afflictions & angui% ( dea?4  ,( ^! ?+s 
! adv]s>ies "k no?+1 & talk ( !m l a    
bl9d man ab\t color4  ,"h !y w say3 ,if 
we are to be sav$ by pure m]cy1 :at     
diff]5ce is !re betwe5 ^? :o are sav$1 &
 ^? :o are n sav$8  ,if m]it is ( no    
acc\nt1 !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! evil
 & ! good & x foll[s t bo? are sav$     
alike4  ,?is argum5t has mov$ !         
s*ola/ics to inv5t ! m]itum condigni2 = 
!re mu/ be 7!y ?9k7 a diff]5ce betwe5 ^?

 :o are sav$ & ^? :o are damn$4  ,we    
reply2 9 ! fir/ place1 t ev]la/+ life is
 accord$ to ^? :om ,god e/eems j1 & :5  
!y h be5 e/eem$ j1 !y are become1 by t  
act1 ! *ildr5 ( ,god & coheirs ( ,*ri/1 
z ,paul says1 ,rom4 #h1 #cj3 ,:om ,he   
ju/ifi$1 !m ,he also glorifi$4  ,h5ce   
nobody is sav$ except only ^? :o believe
 ! ,gospel4  ,b z our reconciliation )  
,god is unc]ta9 if x is to re/ on our   
works1 & n on ! graci\s promise ( ,god1 
:i* _c fail1 s1 too1 all t we expect by 
hope w\ld be unc]ta9 if x mu/ be built  
on ! f\ndation ( our m]its & works4  ,= 
! ,law ( ,god ceaselessly accuses !     
consci5ce & m5 feel 9 _! he>ts no?+ b   
?is voice f ! fi]y1 flam+ cl\d3 ,i am ! 
,"l1 ?y ,god2 ?is ?\ %alt d2 t ?\ art   
oblig$ to d2 ?is ,i require ( !e4       
,deut4 #e1 #f ff4  ,no consci5ce c = a  
mom5t be at re/ :5 ! ,law & ,moses      
assails ! he>t1 be=e x appreh5ds ,*ri/  
by fai?4  ,nor c x truly hope = et]nal  
life1 unless x be pacifi$ be=e4  ,= a   
d\bt+ consci5ce flees f ,god1 despairs &

 _c hope4  ,h[ev]1 hope ( et]nal life   
mu/ be c]ta94  ,n[1 9 ord] t x may n be 
fickle1 b c]ta91 we mu/ believe t we h  
et]nal life1 n by our works or m]its1 b 
f pure grace1 by fai? 9 ,*ri/4  ,9      
secul> affairs & 9 secul> c\rts we meet 
) bo?1 m]cy & ju/ice4  ,ju/ice is c]ta9 
by ! laws & ! v]dict r5d]$1 m]cy is     
unc]ta94  ,9 ?is matt] t relates to ,god
 ! case is diff]5t2 = grace & m]cy h be5
 promis$ u by a c]ta9 ^w1 & ! ,gospel is
 ! ^w :i* comm&s u to believe t ,god is 
graci\s & wi%es to save u = ,*ri/'s     
sake1 z ! text reads1 ,john #c1 #ag3    
,god s5t n ,8 ,son into ! _w to condemn 
! _w1 b t ! _w ?r\gh ,him might be sav$4
  ,he t believe? on ,him is n condemn$4 
,n[1 :5ev] we speak ( m]cy1 ! mean+ is  
to be ?is1 t fai? is requir$1 & x is ?is
 fai? t makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^? :o   
are sav$1 & ^? :o are damn$1 betwe5 ^?  
:o are wor?y1 & ^? :o are unwor?y4  ,=  
ev]la/+ life has be5 promis$ to none b  
^? :o h be5 reconcil$ by ,*ri/4 ,fai?1  
h[ev]1 reconciles & ju/ifies be=e ,god !

 mom5t we appreh5d ! promise by fai?4   
,& ?r\gh\t our entire life we are to    
pray ,god & be dilig5t1 to receive fai? 
& to gr[ 9 fai?4  ,=1 z /at$ be=e1 fai? 
is :]e rep5tance is1 & x is n 9 ^? :o   
walk aft] ! fle%4  ,?is fai? is to gr[ &
 increase ?r\gh\t our life by all mann] 
( afflictions4  ,^? :o obta9 fai? are   
reg5]at$1 s t !y lead a new life & d    
good works4  ,n[1 j z we say t true     
rep5tance is to endure ?r\gh\t our      
entire life1 we say1 too1 t good works &
 ! fruits ( fai? mu/ be done ?r\gh\t our
 life1 al?\gh our works nev] become s   
preci\s z to be equal to ! treasure (   
,*ri/1 or to m]it et]nal life1 z ,*ri/  
says1 ,luke #ag1 #aj3 ,:5 ye %all h done
 all ^? ?+s :i* are comm&$ y1 say1 ,we  
are unpr(itable s]vants4  ,& ,/4 ,b]n>d 
truly says3 ,!re is ne$ t y mu/ fir/    
believe t y _c h =giv5ess ( s9 except by
 ! grace ( ,god2 next1 t !reaft] y _c h 
& d any good "w unless ,god grants x to 
y2 la/ly1 t y _c e>n et]nal life ) y\r  
works1 ?\gh x is n giv5 y )\t m]it4  ,a 

little fur!r on he says3 ,let no "o     
deceive himself2 = :5 y rightly consid] 
! matt]1 y w und\bt$ly f9d t y _c meet )
 t5 ?\s& him :o approa*es y ) tw5ty     
?\s&4  ,^! are /rong say+s ( ,/4 ,b]n>d2
 let !m believe ^! if !y w n believe u4 
,9 ord]1 !n1 t he>ts may h a true c]ta9 
com=t & hope1 we po9t !m1 ) ,paul1 to ! 
div9e promise ( grace 9 ,*ri/1 & tea* t 
we mu/ believe t ,god gives u et]nal    
life1 n on acc\nt ( our works1 b =      
,*ri/'s sake1 z ! ,apo/le ,john says 9 8
 ,epi/le1 #a1 #e1 #ab3 ,he t ha? ! ,son 
ha? life1 & he t ha? n ! ,son ( ,god ha?
 n life4     ,"p #aj   ,"h belongs also 
! decl>ation ( ,*ri/1 ,luke #ag1 #aj3 ,s
 likewise ye1 :5 ye %all h done all ^?  
?+s :i* are comm&$ y1 say1 ,we are      
unpr(itable s]vants4  ,^! words cle>ly  
decl>e t ,god saves by m]cy & on acc\nt 
( ,8 promise1 n t x is due on acc\nt ( !
 value ( our works4  ,b at ?is po9t !   
adv]s>ies play wond]fully ) ! words (   
,*ri/4  ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y make an     
anti/rophe & turn x aga9/ u4  ,mu* m1 !y

 say1 c x be said3 ,if we h believ$ all 
?+s1 say1 ,we are unpr(itable s]vants4  
,!n !y add t works are ( no pr(it to    
,god1 b are n )\t pr(it to u4  ,see h[ !
 pu]ile /udy ( sophi/ry delights !      
adv]s>ies1 & al?\gh ^! absurdities d n  
des]ve a refutation1 nev]!less we w     
reply to !m 9 a few words4  ,!          
anti/rophe is defective4  ,=1 9 ! fir/  
place1 ! adv]s>ies are deceiv$ 9 reg>d  
to ! t]m fai?2 because1 if x w\ld       
signify t k ( ! hi/ory :i* is also 9 !  
wick$ & 9 devils1 ! adv]s>ies w\ld be   
correct 9 argu+ t fai? is unpr(itable :5
 !y say3 ,:5 we h believ$ all ?+s1 say1 
,we are unpr(itable s]vants4 ,b we are  
speak+1 n ( ! k ( ! hi/ory1 b (         
confid5ce 9 ! promise & m]cy ( ,god4  ,&
 ?is confid5ce 9 ! promise confesses t  
we are unpr(itable s]vants2 yea1 ?is    
confession t our works are unwor?y is ! 
v voice ( fai?1 z appe>s 9 ?is example (
 ,daniel1 #i1 #ah1 :i* we cit$ a little 
above3 ,we d n pres5t our supplications 
be=e ,!e = our righte\snesses1 etc4 ,=  

fai? saves because x appreh5ds m]cy1 or 
! promise ( grace1 ev5 ?\gh our works   
are unwor?y2 &1 ?us und]/ood1 namely t  
our works are unwor?y1 ! anti/rophe does
 n injure u3 ,:5 ye %all h believ$ all  
?+s1 say1 ,we are unpr(itable s]vants2 =
 t we are sav$ by m]cy1 we tea* ) !     
entire ,*ur*4  ,b if !y mean to argue f 
! simil>3 ,:5 y h done all ?+s1 d n tru/
 9 y\r works1 s also1 :5 y h believ$ all
 ?+s1 d n tru/ 9 ! div9e promise !re is 
no connection4 ,! inf]5ce is wrong3     
,works d n help2 !re=e1 fai? also does n
 help4 ,we mu/ give ! uncultur$ m5 a    
homely illu/ration3 ,x does n foll[ t   
because a half-f>?+ does n help1 !re=e a
 flor9 also does n help4  ,j z ! flor9s 
is ( mu* high] d5om9ation & value ?an ! 
half-f>?+1 s also %\ld x be und]/ood t  
fai? is mu* high] & m efficaci\s ?an    
works4  ,n t fai? helps because ( its   
wor?1 b because x tru/s 9 ,god's        
promises & m]cy4  ,fai? is /rong1 n     
because ( its wor?9ess1 b because ( !   
div9e promise4 ,= !y are v dissimil>1 z 

! causes & objects ( confid5ce 9 ! =m]  
proposition are f> dissimil> to ^? ( !  
latt]4 ,9 ! =m]1 confid5ce is confid5ce 
9 our own works4  ,9 ! latt]1 confid5ce 
is confid5ce 9 ! div9e promise4  ,*ri/1 
h[ev]1 condemns confid5ce 9 our works2  
,he does n condemn confid5ce 9 ,8       
promise4  ,he does n wi% u to despair ( 
,god's grace & m]cy4  ,he accuses our   
works z unwor?y1 b does n accuse !      
promise :i* freely (f]s m]cy4  ,& "h    
,ambrose says well3 grace is to be      
ackn[l$g$2 b nature mu/ n be disreg>d$4 
,we mu/ tru/ 9 ! promise ( grace & n 9  
our own nature4 ,b ! adv]s>ies act 9    
accordance ) _! cu/om1 & di/ort1 aga9/  
fai?1 ! judgm5ts :i* h be5 giv5 on      
behalf ( fai?4 ,h5ce1 ,*ri/ 9 ?is place 
=bids m5 to tru/ 9 _! own works2 = !y _c
 help !m4  ,on ! o!r h&1 ,he does n =bid
 to tru/ 9 ,god's promise4  ,yea1 ,he   
requires su* tru/ 9 ! promise ( ,god = !
 v reason t we are unpr(itable s]vants &
 works c be ( no help4  ,!re=e1 ! knaves
 h improp]ly appli$ to our tru/ 9 !     

div9e promise ! words ( ,*ri/ :i* treat 
( tru/ 9 our own wor?9ess4  ,?is cle>ly 
reveals & defeats _! sophi/ry4  ,may !  
,"l ,*ri/ soon put to %ame ! sophi/s :o 
?us mutilate ,8 holy ,^w6  ,am54 ,we    
leave1 h[ev]1 ^! ?orny po9ts to !       
s*ools4  ,! sophi/ry is pla9ly pu]ile :5
 !y int]pret unpr(itable s]vant  z mean+
 t ! works are unpr(itable to ,god1 b   
are pr(itable to u4  ,yet ,*ri/ speaks  
conc]n+ t pr(it :i* makes ,god a debtor 
( grace to u1 al?\gh x is out ( place to
 discuss "h conc]n+ t :i* is pr(itable  
or unpr(itable4  ,= unpr(itable s]vants 
means insuffici5t1 because no "o fe>s   
,god z mu*1 & loves ,god z mu*1 &       
believes ,god z mu* z he ought4  ,b let 
u dismiss ^! frigid cavils ( !          
adv]s>ies1 conc]n+ :i*1 if at any "t !y 
are br\ght to ! light1 prud5t m5 w      
easily decide :at !y %\ld judge4  ,!y h 
f\nd a flaw 9 words :i* are v pla9 &    
cle>4  ,b e "o sees t 9 ?is passage     
confid5ce 9 our own works is condemn$4  
,let u1 !re=e1 hold fa/ to ?is :i* !    

,*ur* confesses1 namely1 t we are sav$  
by m]cy4  ,& le/ any "o may "h ?9k3 ,if 
we are to be sav$ by m]cy1 hope w be    
unc]ta91 if 9 ^? :o obta9 salvation no?+
 prec$es by :i* !y may be di/+ui%$ f ^? 
:o d n obta9 x1 we mu/ give him a       
satisfactory answ]4  ,= ! s*ola/ics1    
mov$ by ?is reason1 seem to h devis$ !  
m]itum condigni4  ,= ?is consid]ation c 
greatly ex]cise ! human m9d4  ,we w     
!re=e reply briefly4 ,= ! v reason t    
hope may be sure1 = ! v reason t !re may
 be an antec$5t di/9ction betwe5 ^? :o  
obta9 salvation1 & ^? :o d n obta9 x1 x 
is necess>y firmly to hold t we are sav$
 by m]cy4  ,:5 ?is is express$ ?us      
unqualifi$ly1 x seems absurd4  ,= 9     
civil c\rts & 9 human judgm5t1 t :i* is 
( "r or ( debt is c]ta91 & m]cy is      
unc]ta94  ,b ! matt] is diff]5t )       
respect to ,god's judgm5t2 = "h m]cy has
 a cle> & c]ta9 promise & comm& f ,god4 
,= ! ,gospel is prop]ly t comm& :i*     
enjo9s u to believe t ,god is propiti\s 
to u = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,= ,god s5t n ,8  

,son into ! _w to condemn ! _w1 b t ! _w
 ?r\gh ,him might be sav$1 ,john #c1    
#ag4 #ah4 ,z (t51 !re=e1 z m]cy is spok5
 (1 fai? 9 ! promise mu/ be add$2 & ?is 
fai? produces sure hope1 because x      
relies ^u ! ,^w & comm& ( ,god4  ,if    
hope w\ld rely ^u works1 !n1 inde$1 x   
w\ld be unc]ta91 because works _c pacify
 ! consci5ce1 z has be5 said above      
frequ5tly4  ,& ?is fai? makes a         
di/9ction betwe5 ^? :o obta9 salvation1 
& ^? :o d n obta9 x4  ,fai? makes !     
di/9ction betwe5 ! wor?y & ! unwor?y1   
because et]nal life has be5 promis$ to !
 ju/ifi$2 & fai? ju/ifies4  ,b "h aga9 !
 adv]s>ies w cry out t !re is no ne$ (  
good works if !y d n m]it et]nal life4  
,^! calumnies we h refut$ above4  ,(    
c\rse1 x is necess>y to d good works4   
,we say t et]nal life has be5 promis$ to
 ! ju/ifi$4  ,b ^? :o walk accord+ to ! 
fle% reta9 nei!r fai? nor righte\sness4 
,we are = ?is v end ju/ifi$1 t1 be+     
righte\s we may beg9 to d good works &  
to obey ,god's ,law4  ,we are reg5]at$ &

 receive ! ,holy ,gho/ = ! v end t ! new
 life may produce new works1 new        
dispositions1 ! fe> & love ( ,god1 hatr$
 ( concupisc5ce1 etc4 ,?is fai? ( :i* we
 speak arises 9 rep5tance1 & ought to be
 e/abli%$ & gr[ 9 ! mid/ ( good works1  
temptations1 & dang]s1 s t we may       
cont9ually be ! m firmly p]suad$ t ,god 
= ,*ri/'s sake c>es = u1 =gives u1 he>s 
u4  ,?is is n le>n$ ) out _m & great    
/ruggles4  ,h[ (t5 is consci5ce ar\s$1  
h[ (t5 does x incite ev5 to despair :5 x
 br+s to view s9s1 ei!r old or new1 or !
 impurity ( our nature6  ,?is h&writ+ is
 n blott$ out )\t a great /ruggle1 9 :i*
 exp]i5ce te/ifies :at a difficult matt]
 fai? is4  ,& :ile we are *e]$ 9 ! mid/ 
( ! t]rors & receive consolation1 o!r   
spiritual movem5ts at ! same "t gr[1 ! k
 ( ,god1 fe> ( ,god1 hope1 love ( ,god2 
& we are reg5]at$1 z ,paul says1 ,col4  
#c1 #aj & #b ,cor4 #c1 #ah1 9 ! k (     
,god1 &1 behold+ ! glory ( ! ,"l1 are   
*ang$ into ! same image1 i4e41 we       
receive ! true k ( ,god1 s t we truly   

fe> ,him1 truly tru/ t we are c>$ = & t 
we are he>d by ,him4  ,?is reg5]ation   
is1 z x 71 ! beg9n+ ( et]nal life1 z    
,paul says1 ,rom4 #h1 #aj3 ,if ,*ri/ be 
9 y1 ! body is dead because ( s92 b !   
,_s is life because ( righte\sness4  ,& 
#b ,cor4 #e1 #b4 #c3 ,we are clo!d ^u1  
if s be t1 be+ clo!d1 we %all n be f\nd 
nak$4 ,f ^! /atem5ts ! c&id read] c     
judge t we c]ta9ly require good works1  
s9ce we tea* t ?is fai? arises 9        
rep5tance1 & 9 rep5tance ought          
cont9ually to increase2 & 9 ^! matt]s we
 place ,*ri/ian & spiritual p]fection1  
if rep5tance & fai? gr[ toge!r 9        
rep5tance4  ,?is c be bett] und]/ood by 
! godly ?an ^? ?+s :i* are taught by !  
adv]s>ies conc]n+ contemplation or      
p]fection4  ,j z1 h[ev]1 ju/ification   
p]ta9s to fai?1 s also life et]nal      
p]ta9s to fai?4  ,& ,pet] says1 #a ,pet4
 #a1 #i3 ,receiv+ ! end1 or fruit1 ( y\r
 fai?1 ! salvation ( y\r s\ls4  ,= !    
adv]s>ies confess t ! ju/ifi$ are *ildr5
 ( ,god & coheirs ( ,*ri/4 ,aft]w>ds    

works1 because on acc\nt ( fai? !y      
please ,god1 m]it o!r bodily & spiritual
 rew>ds4  ,= !re w be di/9ctions 9 !    
glory ( ! sa9ts4  ,b "h ! adv]s>ies     
reply t et]nal life is call$ a rew>d1 & 
t !re=e x is m]it$ de condigno by good  
works4  ,we reply briefly & pla9ly3     
,paul1 ,rom4 #f1 #bc1 calls et]nal life 
a gift1 because by ! righte\sness       
pres5t$ = ,*ri/'s sake1 we are made at !
 same "t sons ( ,god & coheirs ( ,*ri/1 
z ,john says1 #c1 #cf3 ,he t believe? on
 ! ,son ha? ev]la/+ life4  ,& ,augu/9e  
says1 z also d v _m o!rs :o foll[ him3  
,god cr[ns ,8 gifts 9 u4  ,else:]e      
inde$1 ,luke #e1 #bc1 x is writt53 ,y\r 
rew>d is great 9 heav54  ,if ^! passages
 seem to ! adv]s>ies to conflict1 !y    
!mselves may expla9 !m4  ,b !y are n    
fair judges2 = !y omit ! ^w gift4  ,!y  
omit also ! s\rces ( ! entire matt] !   
*ief "p1 h[ we are ju/ifi$ be=e ,god1   
also t ,*ri/ rema9s at all times !      
,m$iator1 & !y select ! ^w rew>d1 & mo/ 
h>%ly int]pret ?is n only aga9/         

,scripture1 b also aga9/ ! usage ( !    
language4  ,h5ce !y inf] t inasmu* z x  
is call$ a rew>d1 our works1 !re=e1 are 
su* t !y ought to be a price = :i*      
et]nal life is due4  ,!y are1 !re=e1    
wor?y ( grace & life et]nal1 & d n /& 9 
ne$ ( m]cy1 or ( ,*ri/ z ,m$iator1 or ( 
fai?4  ,?is logic is altoge!r new2 we   
he> ! t]m rew>d1 & !re=e are to inf] t  
!re is no ne$ ( ,*ri/ z ,m$iator1 or (  
fai? hav+ access to ,god = ,*ri/'s sake1
 & n = ! sake ( our works6  ,:o does n  
see t ^! are anacolu?ons8  ,we d n      
cont5d conc]n+ ! t]m rew>d4  ,we dispute
 conc]n+ ?is matt]1 namely1 :e!r good   
works are ( !mselves wor?y ( grace & (  
et]nal life1 or :e!r !y please only on  
acc\nt ( fai?1 :i* appreh5ds ,*ri/ z    
,m$iator4  ,our adv]s>ies n only ascribe
 ?is to works1 namely1 t !y are wor?y ( 
grace & ( et]nal life1 b !y also /ate   
falsely t !y h sup]flu\s m]its1 :i* !y c
 grant to o!rs1 & by :i* !y c ju/ify    
o!rs1 z :5 monks sell ! m]its ( _! ord]s
 to o!rs4 ,^! mon/rosities !y heap up 9 

! mann] ( ,*rysippus1 :]e ?is "o ^w     
rew>d is he>d1 namely3 ,x is call$ a    
rew>d1 & !re=e we h works :i* are a     
price = :i* a rew>d is due2 !re=e works 
please by !mselves1 & n = ! sake ( ,*ri/
 z ,m$iator4  ,& s9ce "o has m m]its ?an
 ano!r1 !re=e "s h sup]flu\s m]its4  ,& 
^? :o m]it !m c be/[ ^! m]its ^u o!rs4  
,/op1 read]2 y h n ! :ole ( ?is sorites4
  ,= c]ta9 sacram5ts ( ?is donation mu/ 
be add$2 ! hood is plac$ ^u ! dead4  ,z 
! ,b>efoot$ monks & o!r ord]s h         
%amelessly done 9 plac+ ! hoods ( _!    
ord]s ^u dead bodies4 ,by su*           
accumulations ! bless+s br\ght u 9      
,*ri/1 & ! righte\sness ( fai? h be5    
obscur$4  ,^! are acute & /rong         
argum5ts1 all ( :i* !y c sp9 f ! s+le ^w
 rew>d1 :]eby !y obscure ,*ri/ & fai?4  
,we are n agitat+ an idle logoma*y      
conc]n+ ! t]m rew>d b ?is great1 exalt$1
 mo/ important matt]1 namely1 :]e       
,*ri/ian he>ts are to f9d true & c]ta9  
consolation2 aga91 :e!r our works c give
 consci5ces re/ & peace2 aga91 :e!r we  

are to believe t our works are wor?y (  
et]nal life1 or :e!r t is giv5 u =      
,*ri/'s sake4  ,^! are ! real que/ions  
reg>d+ ^! matt]s2 if consci5ces are n   
rightly in/ruct$ conc]n+ ^!1 !y c h no  
c]ta9 com=t4 ,h[ev]1 we h /at$ cle>ly   
en\gh t good works d n fulfil ! ,law1 t 
we ne$ ! m]cy ( ,god1 t by fai? we are  
accept$ ) ,god1 t good works1 be !y ev] 
s preci\s1 ev5 if !y 7 ! works ( ,/4    
,paul himself1 _c br+ re/ to !          
consci5ce4  ,f all ?is x foll[s t we are
 to believe t we obta9 et]nal life ?r\gh
 ,*ri/ by fai?1 n on acc\nt ( our works1
 or ( ! ,law4  ,b :at d we say ( ! rew>d
 :i* ,scripture m5tions8 ,if ! adv]s>ies
 w conc$e t we are acc\nt$ righte\s by  
fai? because ( ,*ri/1 & t good works    
please ,god because ( fai?1 we w n      
aft]w>ds cont5d mu* conc]n+ ! t]m rew>d4
  ,we confess t et]nal life is a rew>d1 
because x is some?+ due on acc\nt ( !   
promise1 n on acc\nt ( our m]its4  ,= ! 
ju/ification has be5 promis$1 :i* we h  
above %[n to be prop]ly a gift ( ,god2 &

 to ?is gift has be5 add$ ! promise (   
et]nal life1 accord+ to ,rom4 #h1 #cj3  
,:om ,he ju/ifi$1 !m ,he also glorifi$4 
,"h belongs :at ,paul says1 #b ,tim4 #d1
 #h3 ,!re is laid up = me a cr[n (      
righte\sness :i* ! ,"l1 ! righte\s      
,judge1 %all give me4 ,= ! cr[n is due !
 ju/ifi$ because ( ! promise4  ,& ?is   
promise sa9ts %\ld "k1 n t !y may labor 
= _! own pr(it1 = !y ought to labor = ! 
glory ( ,god2 b 9 ord] t !y may n       
despair 9 afflictions1 !y %\ld "k ,god's
 w1 t ,he desires to aid1 to deliv]1 to 
protect !m4  ,j z ! inh]itance & all    
possessions ( a fa!r are giv5 to ! son1 
z a ri* comp5sation & rew>d = 8 ob$i5ce1
 & yet ! son receives ! inh]itance1 n on
 acc\nt ( 8 m]it1 b because ! fa!r1 = ! 
reason t he is 8 fa!r1 wants him to h x4
  ,!re=e x is a suffici5t reason :y     
et]nal life is call$ a rew>d1 because   
!reby ! tribulations :i* we suff]1 & !  
works ( love :i* we d1 are comp5sat$1   
al?\gh we h n des]v$ x4  ,= !re are two 
k9ds ( comp5sation3 "o1 :i* we are      

oblig$1 ! o!r1 :i* we are n oblig$1 to  
r5d]4  ,i4e41 :5 ! emp]or grants a      
s]vant a pr9cipality1 he !re) comp5sates
 ! s]vant's "w2 & yet ! "w is n wor? !  
pr9cipality1 b ! s]vant ackn[l$ges t he 
has receiv$ a graci\s li54  ,?us ,god   
does n owe u et]nal life1 /ill1 :5 ,he  
grants x to believ]s = ,*ri/'s sake1 t  
is a comp5sation = our suff]+s & works4 
,al?\gh ! p]fect he> ! m5tion ( p5alties
 & rew>ds 9 "o way1 & ! weak he> x 9    
ano!r way2 = ! weak labor = ! sake ( _! 
own advantage4  ,& yet ! prea*+ ( rew>ds
 & puni%m5ts is necess>y4  ,9 ! prea*+ (
 puni%m5ts ! wra? ( ,god is set =?1 &   
!re=e ?is p]ta9s to ! prea*+ (          
rep5tance4  ,9 ! prea*+ ( rew>ds1 grace 
is set =?4  ,& j z ,scripture1 9 !      
m5tion ( good works1 (t5 embraces       
fai?1--= x wi%es righte\sness ( ! he>t  
to be includ$ ) ! fruits1--s sometimes x
 (f]s grace toge!r ) o!r rew>ds z 9 ,is4
 #eh1 #h f41 & frequ5tly 9 o!r places 9 
! prophets4  ,we also confess :at we h  
(t5 te/ifi$1 t1 al?\gh ju/ification &   

et]nal life p]ta9 to fai?1 nev]!less    
good works m]it o!r bodily & spiritual  
rew>ds :i* are r5d]$ bo? 9 ?is life &   
aft] ?is life2 = ,god def]s mo/ rew>ds  
until ,he glorifies sa9ts aft] ?is life1
 because ,he wi%es !m 9 ?is life to be  
ex]cis$ 9 mortify+ ! old man & degrees (
 rew>ds1 accord+ to #a ,cor4 #c1 #h3 ,e 
man %all receive 8 own rew>d accord+ to 
8 own labor4  ,= ! bless$ w h rew>d1 "o 
high] ?an ! o!r4  ,?is diff]5ce m]it    
makes1 accord+ z x pleases ,god2 & x is 
m]it1 because !y d ^! good works :om    
,god has adopt$ z *ildr5 & heirs4  ,=   
?us !y h m]it :i* is _! own & peculi> z 
"o *ild ) respect to ano!r4 ,= !        
righte\sness ( ! ,gospel1 :i* has to d )
 ! promise ( grace1 freely receives     
ju/ification & quick5+4  ,b ! fulfill+ (
 ! ,law1 :i* foll[s fai?1 has to d ) !  
,law1 9 :i* a rew>d is (f]$ & is due1 n 
freely1 b accord+ to our works4  ,b ^?  
:o m]it ?is are ju/ifi$ be=e !y d !     
,law4  ,!re=e z ,paul says1 ,col4 #a1   
#ac2 ,rom4 #h1 #ag1 !y h be=e be5       

translat$ into ! k+dom ( ,god's ,son1 & 
be5 made jo9t-heirs ) ,*ri/4  ,b z (t5 z
 m5tion is made ( m]it1 ! adv]s>ies     
imm$iately transf] ! matt] f o!r rew>ds 
to ju/ification1 al?\gh ! ,gospel freely
 (f]s ju/ification on acc\nt ( ,*ri/'s  
m]its & n ( our own2 & ! m]its ( ,*ri/  
are communicat$ to u by fai?4  ,b works 
& afflictions m]it1 n ju/ification1 b   
o!r remun]ations1 z ! rew>d is (f]$ = ! 
works 9 ^! passages3 ,he :i* s[e? sp>+ly
 %all reap also sp>+ly1 & he :i* s[e?   
b\ntifully %all reap also b\ntifully1 #b
 ,cor4 #i1 #f4 ,"h cle>ly ! measure ( ! 
rew>d is connect$ ) ! measure ( ! "w4   
,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m1 t ?y days may be
 long ^u ! l&1 ,ex4 #bj1 #ab4 ,also "h !
 ,law (f]s a rew>d to a c]ta9 "w4       
,al?\gh1 !re=e1 ! fulfill+ ( ! ,law     
m]its a rew>d1 = a rew>d prop]ly p]ta9s 
to ! ,law1 yet we ought to be m9dful ( !
 ,gospel1 :i* freely (f]s ju/ification =
 ,*ri/'s sake4  ,we nei!r obs]ve ! ,law 
nor c obs]ve x1 be=e we h be5 reconcil$ 
to ,god1 ju/ifi$1 & reg5]at$4 ,nei!r    

w\ld ?is fulfill+ ( ! ,law please ,god1 
unless we w\ld be accept$ on acc\nt (   
fai?4  ,& because m5 are accept$ on     
acc\nt ( fai?1 = ?is v reason ! in*oate 
fulfill+ ( ! ,law pleases1 & has a rew>d
 9 ?is life & aft] ?is life4 ,conc]n+ ! 
t]m rew>d1 v _m o!r rem>ks might "h be  
made d]iv$ f ! nature ( ! ,law1 :i* z !y
 are too ext5sive1 mu/ be expla9$ 9     
ano!r connection4  ,b ! adv]s>ies urge t
 x is ! pr]ogative ( good works to m]it 
et]nal life1 because ,paul says1 ,rom4  
#b1 #e3 ,:o w r5d] to e "o accord+ to 8 
works4  ,likewise v4 #aj3 ,glory1 honor1
 & peace to e man t worke? good4  ,john 
#f1 #bi3 ,!y t h done good %all come =? 
unto ! resurrection ( life4  ,matt4 #be 
#cf3 ,i 0 an hungr$ & ye gave ,me meat  
etc4 ,9 ^! & all simil> passages 9 :i*  
works are prais$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 x is  
necess>y to und]/& n only outw>d works1 
b also ! fai? ( ! he>t1 because         
,scripture does n speak ( hypocrisy1 b (
 ! righte\sness ( ! he>t ) its fruits4  
,moreov]1 z (t5 z m5tion is made ( !    

,law & ( works1 we mu/ "k t ,*ri/ z     
,m$iator is n to be exclud$4  ,= ,he is 
! end ( ! ,law1 & ,he ,himself says1    
,john #af1 #e3 ,)\t ,me ye c d no?+4    
,accord+ to ?is rule we h said above t  
all passages conc]n+ works c be judg$4  
,:]e=e1 :5 et]nal life is grant$ to     
works1 x is grant$ to ^? :o h be5       
ju/ifi$1 because no m5 except ju/ifi$   
m51 :o are l$ by ! ,_s ( ,*ri/1 c d good
 works2 & )\t fai? & ,*ri/1 z ,m$iator1 
good works d n please1 accord+ to ,heb4 
#aa1 #f3 ,)\t fai? x is impossible to   
please ,god4 ,:5 ,paul says3 ,he w r5d] 
to e "o accord+ to 8 works1 n only !    
outw>d "w ought to be und]/ood1 b all   
righte\sness or unrighte\sness4  ,s3    
,glory to him t worke? good1 i4e41 to ! 
righte\s4  ,ye gave ,me meat1 is cit$ z 
! fruit & witness ( ! righte\sness ( !  
he>t & ( fai?1 & !re=e et]nal life is   
r5d]$ to righte\sness4  ,!re x mu/      
c]ta9ly be ackn[l$g$ t ,*ri/ means n    
only ! works1 b t ,he desires to h !    
he>t1 :i* ,he wi%es to e/eem ,god       

aright1 & to believe correctly conc]n+  
,him1 namely1 t x is ?r\gh m]cy t x is  
pleas+ to ,god4  ,!re=e ,*ri/ tea*es t  
ev]la/+ life w be giv5 ! righte\s1 z    
,*ri/ says3 ,! righte\s %all g into     
ev]la/+ life4 ,9 ?is way ,scripture1 at 
! same "t ) ! fruits1 embraces !        
righte\sness ( ! he>t4  ,& x (t5 names !
 fruits1 9 ord] t x may be bett]        
und]/ood by ! inexp]i5c$1 & to signify t
 a new life & reg5]ation1 & n hypocrisy1
 are requir$4  ,b reg5]ation occurs1 by 
fai?1 9 rep5tance4  ,no sane man c judge
 o!rwise1 nei!r d we "h affect any idle 
subtilty1 s z to sep>ate ! fruits f !   
righte\sness ( ! he>t2 if ! adv]s>ies   
w\ld only h conc$$ t ! fruits please    
because ( fai?1 & ( ,*ri/ z ,m$iator1 & 
t by !mselves !y are n wor?y ( grace & (
 et]nal life4  ,= 9 ! doctr9e ( !       
adv]s>ies we condemn ?is1 t 9 su*       
passages ( ,scripture1 und]/ood ei!r 9 a
 philosophical or a ,jewi% mann]1 !y    
aboli% ! righte\sness ( fai?1 & exclude 
,*ri/ z ,m$iator4  ,f ^! passages !y    

inf] t works m]it grace1 sometimes de   
congruo1 & at o!r times de condigno1    
namely1 :5 love is add$2 i4e41 t !y     
ju/ify1 & because !y are righte\sness !y
 are wor?y ( et]nal life4  ,?is error   
manife/ly aboli%es ! righte\sness (     
fai?1 :i* believes t we h access to ,god
 = ,*ri/'s sake1 n = ! sake ( our works1
 & t ?r\gh ,*ri/1 z ,prie/ & ,m$iator1  
we are l$ to ! ,fa!r1 & h a reconcil$   
,fa!r1 z has be5 suffici5tly said above4
 ,& ?is doctr9e conc]n+ ! righte\sness (
 fai? is n to be neglect$ 9 ! ,*ur* (   
,*ri/1 because )\t x ! (fice ( ,*ri/ _c 
be consid]$1 & ! doctr9e ( ju/ification 
t is left is only a doctr9e ( ! ,law4   
,b we %\ld reta9 ! ,gospel1 & ! doctr9e 
conc]n+ ! promise1 grant$ = ,*ri/'s     
sake4  ,we are "h n seek+ an unnecess>y 
subtilty1 b !re is a great reason :y we 
mu/ h a reliable acc\nt z reg>ds ^!     
que/ions4  ,= z soon z we conc$e to !   
adv]s>ies t works m]it et]nal life1 !y  
sp9 f ?is concession ! awkw>d tea*+ t we
 are able to keep ! ,law ( ,god1 t we   

are n 9 ne$ ( m]cy1 t we are righte\s   
be=e ,god1 t is1 accept$ ) ,god by our  
works1 n = ! sake ( ,*ri/1 t we c also d
 works ( sup]]ogations namely1 m ?an !  
,law requires4  ,?us ! entire tea*+     
conc]n+ fai? is suppress$4  ,h[ev]1 if  
!re is to be & abide a ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 !
 pure tea*+ conc]n+ ,*ri/1 conc]n+ !    
righte\sness ( fai?1 mu/ surely be      
pres]v$4  ,!re=e we mu/ fight aga9/ ^!  
great ph>isaical errors1 9 ord] t we    
r$eem ! "n ( ,*ri/ & ! honor ( ! ,gospel
 & ( ,*ri/1 & pres]ve = ,*ri/ian he>ts a
 true1 p]man5t1 c]ta9 consolation4  ,=  
h[ is x possible t a he>t or consci5ce c
 obta9 re/1 or hope = salvation1 :5 9   
afflictions & 9 ! angui% ( dea? our     
works 9 ! judgm5t & sight ( ,god utt]ly 
become du/1 unless x becomes c]ta9 by   
fai? t m5 are sav$ by m]cy1 = ,*ri/'s   
sake1 & n = ! sake ( _! works1 _!       
fulfill+ ( ! ,law8  ,&1 inde$1 ,/4      
,laur5tius1 :5 plac$ on ! gridiron1 &   
be+ tortur$ = ,*ri/'s sake did n ?9k t  
by ?is "w he 0 p]fectly & absolutely    

fulfill+ ! ,law1 t he 0 )\t s91 t he did
 n ne$ ,*ri/ z ,m$iator & ! m]cy ( ,god4
 ,he re/$ 8 case1 inde$1 ) ! prophet1 :o
 says3 ,ent] n into judgm5t ) ,?y       
s]vant2 = 9 ,?y sight %all no man liv+  
be ju/ifi$1 ,ps4 #adc1 #b4 ,nor did ,/4 
,b]n>d boa/ t 8 works 7 wor?y ( et]nal  
life1 :5 he says3 ,p]dite vixi1 ,i h l$ 
a s9ful life1 etc4 ,b he boldly com=ts  
himself1 cl+s to ! promise ( grace1 &   
believes t he has remission ( s9s & life
 et]nal = ,*ri/'s sake1 j z ,psalm #cb1 
#a tea*es3 ,bless$ is he ^:             
transgression is =giv51 ^: s9 is cov]$4 
,& ,paul says1 ,rom4 #d1 #f3 ,david also
 describe? ! bless$ness ( ! man to :om  
,god impute? righte\sness )\t works4    
,paul1 !n1 says t he is bless$ to :om   
righte\sness is imput$ ?r\gh fai? 9     
,*ri/1 ev5 ?\gh he h n p]=m$ any good   
works4  ,t is ! true1 p]man5t           
consolation1 by :i* he>ts & consci5ces c
 be confirm$ & enc\rag$1 namely t =     
,*ri/'s sake1 ?r\gh fai?1 ! remission ( 
s9s1 righte\sness1 & life et]nal are    

giv5 u4  ,n[1 if passages :i* treat (   
works are und]/ood 9 su* a mann] z to   
comprise fai?1 !y are n oppos$ to our   
doctr9e4  ,&1 inde$1 x is necess>y      
always to add fai?1 s z n to exclude    
,*ri/ z ,m$iator4  ,b ! fulfilm5t ( !   
,law foll[s fai?2 = ! ,holy ,gho/ is    
pres5t1 :o r5ews life4  ,let ?is suffice
 conc]n+ ?is article4  ,we are n1 !re=e1
 on ?is topic cont5d+ ) ! adv]s>ies     
conc]n+ a small matt]4  ,we are n seek+ 
out idle subtilties :5 we f9d fault ) !m
 = tea*+ t we m]it et]nal life by works1
 :ile t fai? is omitt$ :i* appreh5ds    
,*ri/ z ,m$iator4  ,= ( ?is fai? :i*    
believes t = ,*ri/'s sake ! ,fa!r is    
propiti\s to u !re is n a syllable 9 !  
s*ola/ics4  ,ev]y:]e !y hold t we are   
accept$ & righte\s because ( our works1 
wr\ght ei!r f reason1 or c]ta9ly wr\ght 
by ! incl9ation ( t love conc]n+ :i* !y 
speak4 ,& yet !y h c]ta9 say+s1 maxims1 
z x 71 ( ! old writ]s1 :i* !y di/ort 9  
int]pret+4  ,9 ! s*ools ! boa/ is made t
 good works please on acc\nt ( grace1 & 

t confid5ce mu/ be put 9 ,god's grace4  
,"h !y int]pret grace z a habit by :i*  
we love ,god1 z ?\gh1 inde$1 ! anci5ts  
meant to say t we ought to tru/ 9 our   
love1 ( :i* we c]ta9ly exp]i5ce h[ small
 & h[ impure x is4  ,al?\gh x is /range 
h[ !y bid u tru/ 9 love1 s9ce !y tea* u 
t we are n able to "k :e!r x be pres5t4 
,:y d !y n "h set =? ! grace1 ! m]cy (  
,god t[>d u8  ,& z (t5 z m5tion is made 
( ?is1 !y ought to add fai?4  ,= !      
promise ( ,god's m]cy1 reconciliation1 &
 love t[>ds u is n appreh5d$ unless by  
fai?4  ,) ?is view !y w\ld be "r 9 say+ 
t we ought to tru/ 9 grace1 t good works
 please because ( grace1 :5 fai?        
appreh5ds grace4  ,9 ! s*ools ! boa/ is 
also made t our good works avail by     
virtue ( ,*ri/'s passion4  ,well said6  
,b :y add no?+ conc]n+ fai?8  ,= ,*ri/  
is a propitiation1 z ,paul1 ,rom4 #c1   
#be1 says1 ?r\gh fai?4  ,:5 timid       
consci5ces are com=t$ by fai?1 & are    
conv9c$ t our s9s h be5 blott$ out by ! 
dea? ( ,*ri/1 & t ,god has be5 reconcil$

 to u on acc\nt ( ,*ri/'s suff]+1 !n1   
inde$1 ! suff]+ ( ,*ri/ pr(its u4  ,if !
 doctr9e conc]n+ fai? be omitt$1 x is   
said 9 va9 t works avail by virtue (    
,*ri/'s passion4  ,& v _m o!r passages  
!y corrupt 9 ! s*ools because !y d n    
tea* ! righte\sness ( fai? & because !y 
und]/& by fai? m]ely a k ( ! hi/ory or (
 dogmas1 & d n und]/& by x t virtue :i* 
appreh5ds ! promise ( grace & (         
righte\sness1 & :i* quick5s he>ts 9 !   
t]rors ( s9 & ( dea?4  ,:5 ,paul says1  
,rom4 #aj1 #aj3 ,) ! he>t man believe?  
unto righte\sness1 & ) ! m\? confession 
is made unto salvation1 we ?9k t !      
adv]s>ies ackn[l$ge "h t confession     
ju/ifies or saves1 n ex op]e op]ato1 b  
only on acc\nt ( ! fai? ( ! he>t4  ,&   
,paul ?us says t confession saves1 9    
ord] to %[ :at sort ( fai? obta9s et]nal
 life2 namely1 t :i* is firm & active4  
,t fai?1 h[ev]1 :i* does n manife/      
itself 9 confession is n firm4  ,?us o!r
 good works please on acc\nt ( fai?1 z  
also ! pray]s ( ! ,*ur* ask t all ?+s   

may be accept$ = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,!y     
likewise ask all ?+s = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,=
 x is manife/ t at ! close ( pray]s ?is 
clause is always add$3 ,?r\gh ,*ri/1 our
 ,"l4  ,accord+ly1 we conclude t we are 
ju/ifi$ be=e ,god1 are reconcil$ to ,god
 & reg5]at$ by fai?1 :i* 9 rep5tance    
appreh5ds ! promise ( grace1 & truly    
quick5s ! t]rifi$ m9d1 & is conv9c$ t = 
,*ri/'s sake ,god is reconcil$ &        
propiti\s to u4  ,& ?r\gh ?is fai?1 says
 ,pet]1 #a ,ep4 #a1 #e1 we are kept unto
 salvation ready to be reveal$4  ,! k ( 
?is fai? is necess>y to ,*ri/ians1 &    
br+s ! mo/ abundant consolation 9 all   
afflictions1 & displays to u ! (fice (  
,*ri/ because ^? :o d5y t m5 are ju/ifi$
 by fai?1 & d5y t ,*ri/ is ,m$iator &   
,propitiator1 d5y ! promise ( grace & ! 
,gospel4  ,!y tea* only ! doctr9e ei!r (
 reason or ( ! ,law conc]n+             
ju/ification4  ,we h %[n ! orig9 ( ?is  
case1 s f> z c "h be done1 & h expla9$ !
 objections ( ! adv]s>ies4  ,good m51   
inde$1 w easily judge ^! ?+s1 if !y w   

?9k1 z (t5 z a passage conc]n+ love or  
works is cit$1 t ! ,law _c be obs]v$ )\t
 ,*ri/1 & t we _c be ju/ifi$ f ! ,law1 b
 f ! ,gospel1 t is1 f ! promise ( !     
grace promis$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,& we hope t ?is 
discussion1 al?\gh brief1 w be pr(itable
 to good m5 = /r5g!n+ fai?1 & tea*+ &   
com=t+ consci5ce4  ,= we "k t ^? ?+s :i*
 we h said are 9 h>mony ) ! prophetic & 
apo/olic ,scriptures1 ) ! holy ,fa!rs1  
,ambrose1 ,augu/9e & v _m o!rs1 & ) !   
:ole ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 :i* c]ta9ly         
confesses t ,*ri/ is ,propitiator &     
,ju/ifi]4  ,nor are we imm$iately to    
judge t ! ,roman ,*ur* agrees ) ev]y?+ t
 ! ,pope1 or c>d9als1 or bi%ops1 or "s (
 ! !ologians1 or monks approve4  ,= x is
 manife/ t to mo/ ( ! pontiffs _! own   
au?ority is ( great] conc]n ?an !       
,gospel ( ,*ri/4  ,& x has be5 asc]ta9$ 
t mo/ ( !m are op5ly ,epicureans4  ,x is
 evid5t t !ologians h m+l$ ) ,*ri/ian   
doctr9e m ( philosophy ?an 0 suffici5t4 
,nor ought _! influ5ce to appe> s great 
t x w nev] be lawful to diss5t f _!     

disputations1 because at ! same "t _m   
manife/ errors are f\nd among !m1 su* z1
 t we are able f purely natural p[]s to 
love ,god above all ?+s4  ,?is dogma1   
al?\gh x is manife/ly false1 has produc$
 _m o!r errors4  ,= ! ,scriptures ! holy
 ,fa!rs1 & ! judgm5ts ( all ! godly     
ev]y:]e make reply4  ,!re=e1 ev5 ?\gh   
,popes1 or "s !ologians1 & monks 9 !    
,*ur* h taught u to seek remission (    
s9s1 grace1 & righte\sness ?r\gh our own
 works1 & to inv5t new =ms ( wor%ip1 :i*
 h obscur$ ! (fice ( ,*ri/1 & h made out
 ( ,*ri/ n a ,propitiator & ,ju/ifi]1 b 
only a ,legislator1 nev]!less ! k (     
,*ri/ has always rema9$ ) "s godly      
p]sons4  ,scripture1 moreov]1 has       
pr$ict$ t ! righte\sness ( fai? w\ld be 
obscur$ 9 ?is way by human traditions & 
! doctr9e ( works4  ,j z ,paul (t5      
compla9s 7cf4  ,gal4 #d1 #i2 #e1 #g2    
,col4 #b1 #h1 #af sq42 #a ,tim4 #d1 #b  
sq41 etc47 t !re 7 ev5 at t "t ^? :o1   
in/ead ( ! righte\sness ( fai?1 taught t
 m5 7 reconcil$ to ,god & ju/ifi$ by _! 

own works & own acts ( wor%ip1 & n by   
fai? = ,*ri/'s sake2 because m5 judge by
 nature t ,god ought to be appeas$ by   
works4  ,nor does reason see a          
righte\sness o!r ?an ! righte\sness ( ! 
,law1 und]/ood 9 a civil s5se4          
,accord+ly1 !re h always exi/$ 9 ! _w "s
 :o h taught ?is c>nal righte\sness     
alone to ! exclusion ( ! righte\sness ( 
fai?2 & su* tea*]s w also always exi/4  
,! same happ5$ among ! p ( ,israel4  ,! 
great] "p ( ! p ?\ght t !y m]it$        
remission ( s9s by _! works !y          
accumulat$ sacrifices & acts ( wor%ip4  
,on ! contr>y1 ! prophets1 9            
condemnation ( ?is op9ion1 taught !     
righte\sness ( fai?4  ,& ! occurr5ces   
among ! p ( ,israel are illu/rations (  
^? ?+s :i* 7 to occur 9 ! ,*ur*4        
,!re=e1 let ! multitude ( ! adv]s>ies1  
:o condemn our doctr9e1 n di/urb godly  
m9ds4  ,= _! _s c easily be judg$1      
because 9 "s articles !y h condemn$ tru?
 t is s cle> & manife/ t _! godlessness 
appe>s op5ly4  ,= ! bull ( ,leo ,x      

condemn$ a v necess>y article1 :i* all  
,*ri/ians %\ld hold & believe1 namely1 t
 we ought to tru/ t we h be5 absolv$ n  
because ( our contrition1 b because (   
,*ri/'s ^w1 ,matt4 #af1 #ai3 ,:atsoev]  
?\ %alt b9d1 etc4 ,& n[1 9 ?is assembly1
 ! au?ors ( ! ,confutation h 9 cle>     
words condemn$ ?is1 namely1 t we h said 
t fai? is a "p ( rep5tance1 by :i* we   
obta9 remission ( s9s1 & ov]come !      
t]rors ( s91 & consci5ce is r5d]$       
pacifi$4  ,:o1 h[ev]1 does n see t ?is  
article t by fai? we obta9 ! remission (
 s9s1 is mo/ true1 mo/ c]ta91 &         
especially necess>y to all ,*ri/ians8   
,:o to all po/]ity1 he>+ t su* a doctr9e
 has be5 condemn$1 w judge t ! au?ors ( 
?is condemnation _h any k ( ,*ri/8  ,&  
conc]n+ _! _s1 a conjecture c be made f 
! unhe>d-( cruelty1 :i* x is evid5t t !y
 h hi!rto ex]cis$ t[>ds mo/ good m54  ,&
 9 ?is assembly we h he>d t a rev]5d    
fa!r1 :5 op9ions conc]n+ our ,confession
 7 express$1 said 9 ! s5ate ( ! ,empire 
t no plan seem$ to him bett] ?an to make

 a reply writt5 9 blood to ! ,confession
 :i* we _h pres5t$ writt5 9 ink4  ,:at m
 cruel w\ld ,phal>is say8  ,!re=e "s    
pr9ces also h judg$ ?is expression      
unwor?y to be spok5 9 su* a meet+4      
,:]e=e1 al?\gh ! adv]s>ies claim =      
!mselves ! "n ( ! ,*ur*1 nev]!less we "k
 t ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ is ) ^? :o tea* !    
,gospel ( ,*ri/1 n ) ^? :o def5d wick$  
op9ions contr>y to ! ,gospel1 z ! ,"l   
says1 ,john #aj1 #ba3 ,my %eep he> ,my  
voice4  ,& ,augu/9e says3 ,! "q is1 ,:]e
 is ! ,*ur*6 ,:at1 !re=e1 are we to d8  
,are we to seek x 9 our own words or 9 !
 words ( its ,head our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/8
  ,i ?9k t we ought to seek x 9 ! words 
( ,him :o is ,tru?1 & :o kn[s ,8 own    
body be/4  ,h5ce ! judgm5ts ( our       
adv]s>ies w n di/urb u1 s9ce !y def5d   
human op9ions contr>y to ! ,gospel1     
contr>y to ! au?ority ( ! holy ,fa!rs1  
:o h writt5 9 ! ,*ur*1 & contr>y to !   
te/imonies ( godly m9ds4     ,"p #aa    
,articles ,,vii & ,,viii3 ,( ! ,*ur*4   
,! ,sev5? ,article ( our ,confession1 9 

:i* we said t ! ,*ur* is ! congregation 
( sa9ts1 !y h condemn$ & h add$ a long  
disquisition1 t ! wick$ are n to be     
sep>at$ f ! ,*ur*1 s9ce ,john has comp>$
 ! ,*ur* to a ?re%+-floor on :i* :eat & 
*aff are heap$ toge!r1 ,matt4 #c1 #ab1 &
 ,*ri/ has comp>$ x to a net 9 :i* !re  
are bo? good & bad fi%es1 ,matt4 #ac1   
#dg4 ,x is1 v]ily1 a true say+1 namely1 
t !re is no rem$y aga9/ ! attacks ( !   
sl&]]4 ,no?+ c be spok5 ) su* c>e t x c 
escape detraction4 ,= ?is reason we h   
add$ ! ,eigh? ,article1 le/ any "o might
 ?9k t we sep>ate ! wick$ & hypocrites f
 ! outw>d fell[%ip ( ! ,*ur*1 or t we   
d5y efficacy to ,sacram5ts adm9i/]$ by  
hypocrites or wick$ m54  ,!re=e !re is  
no ne$ "h ( a long def5se aga9/ ?is     
sl&]4  ,! ,eigh? ,article is suffici5t  
to exculpate u4  ,= we grant t 9 ?is    
life hypocrites & wick$ m5 h be5 m+l$ ) 
! ,*ur*1 & t !y are memb]s ( ! ,*ur*    
accord+ to ! outw>d fell[%ip ( ! signs (
 ! ,*ur*1 i4e41 ( ,^w1 pr(ession1 &     
,sacram5ts1 especially if !y h n be5    

excommunicat$4  ,nei!r are ! ,sacram5ts 
)\t efficacy = ! reason t !y are        
adm9i/]$ by wick$ m52 yea1 we c ev5 be  
"r 9 us+ ! ,sacram5ts adm9i/]$ by wick$ 
m54  ,= ,paul also pr$icts1 #b ,!ss4 #b1
 #d1 t ,anti*ri/ w sit 9 ! temple (     
,god1 i4e41 he w rule & be> (fice 9 !   
,*ur*4  ,b ! ,*ur* is n only ! fell[%ip 
( outw>d objects & rites1 z o!r         
gov]nm5ts1 b x is orig9ally a fell[%ip (
 fai? & ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 he>ts4 ,!     
,*ri/ian ,*ur* consi/s n alone 9        
fell[%ip ( outw>d signs1 b x consi/s    
especially 9 inw>d communion ( et]nal   
bless+s 9 ! he>t1 z ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 (  
fai?1 ( ! fe> & love ( ,god2 :i*        
fell[%ip nev]!less has outw>d m>ks s t x
 c be recogniz$1 namely1 ! pure doctr9e 
( ! ,gospel1 & ! adm9i/ration ( !       
,sacram5ts 9 accordance ) ! ,gospel (   
,*ri/4  ,namely1 :]e ,god's ,^w is pure1
 & ! ,sacram5ts are adm9i/]$ 9 con=mity 
) ! same1 !re c]ta9ly is ! ,*ur*1 & !re 
are ,*ri/ians4 ,& ?is ,*ur* alone is    
call$ ! body ( ,*ri/1 :i* ,*ri/ r5ews   

,*ri/ is its ,head1 & sanctifies &      
gov]ns by ,8 ,_s1 z ,paul te/ifies1     
,eph4 #a1 #bb sq41 :5 he says3 ,& gave  
,him to be ! ,head ov] all ?+s to !     
,*ur*1 :i* is ,8 body1 ! fulness ( ,him 
t fille? all 9 all4  ,:]e=e1 ^? 9 :om   
,*ri/ does n act ?r\gh ,8 ,_s are n !   
memb]s ( ,*ri/4  ,?is1 too1 ! adv]s>ies 
ackn[l$ge1 namely1 t ! wick$ are dead   
memb]s ( ! ,*ur*4  ,!re=e we wond] :y !y
 h f\nd fault ) our description our     
conclusion conc]n+ ,*ur* :i* speaks (   
liv+ memb]s4  ,nei!r h we said any?+    
new4  ,paul has def9$ ! ,*ur* precisely 
9 ! same way1 ,eph4 #f1 #be f41 t x %\ld
 be cleans$ 9 ord] to be holy4  ,& he   
adds ! outw>d m>ks1 ! ,^w & ,sacram5ts4 
,= he says ?us3 ,*ri/ also lov$ ! ,*ur*1
 & gave himself = x1 t ,he might        
sanctify & cleanse x ) ! wa%+ ( wat] by 
! ,^w1 t ,he might pres5t x to ,himself 
a glori\s ,*ur*1 n hav+ spot1 or wr9kle1
 or any su* ?+1 b t x %\ld be holy & )\t
 blemi%4  ,9 ! ,confession we h pres5t$ 
?is s5t5ce almo/ 9 ! v words4  ,?us also

 ! ,*ur* is def9$ by ! article 9 ! ,cre$
 :i* tea*es u to believe t !re is a holy
 ,ca?olic ,*ur*4  ,! wick$ inde$ are n a
 holy ,*ur*4  ,& t :i* foll[s1 namely1 !
 communion ( sa9ts1 seems to be add$ 9  
ord] to expla9 :at ! ,*ur* signifies1   
namely1 ! congregation ( sa9ts1 :o h )  
ea* o!r ! fell[%ip ( ! same ,gospel or  
doctr9e :o confess "o ,gospel1 h ! same 
k ( ,*ri/ & ( ! same ,holy ,gho/1 :o    
r5ews1 sanctifies1 & gov]ns _! he>ts4   
,& ?is article has be5 pres5t$ = a      
necess>y reason4  ,! article ( ! ,*ur*  
,ca?olic or ,univ]sal1 :i* is ga!r$     
toge!r f e nation "u ! sun1 is v com=t+ 
& highly necess>y4 ,we see ! inf9ite    
dang]s :i* ?reat5 ! de/ruction ( !      
,*ur*4  ,9 ! ,*ur* itself1 inf9ite is ! 
multitude ( ! wick$ :o oppress x        
despise1 bitt]ly hate1 & mo/ viol5tly   
p]secute ! ,^w1 z1 e4g41 ! ,turks1      
,mohamm$ans1 o!r tyrants1 h]etics1 etc4 
,= ?is reason ! true tea*+ & ! ,*ur* are
 (t5 s utt]ly suppress$ & disappe>1 z if
 !re 7 no ,*ur* :i* has happ5$ "u !     

papacy1 x (t5 seems t ! ,*ur* has       
completely p]i%$4  ,!re=e1 9 ord] t we  
may n despair1 b may "k t ! ,*ur* w     
nev]!less rema9 until ! end ( ! _w1     
likewise t we may "k t1 h[ev] great !   
multitude ( ! wick$ is1 yet ! ,*ur* :i* 
is ,*ri/'s bride exi/s1 & t ,*ri/ af=ds 
^? gifts :i* ,he has promis$ to ! ,*ur*1
 to =give s9s1 to he> pray]1 to give !  
,holy ,gho/1 ?is article 9 ! ,cre$      
pres5ts u ^! consolations4  ,& x says   
*ur* ,ca?olic1 9 ord] t we may n und]/& 
! ,*ur* to be an outw>d gov]nm5t ( c]ta9
 nations t ! ,*ur* is l any o!r ext]nal 
polity1 b\nd to ?is or t l&1 k+dom1 or  
nation1 z ! ,pope ( ,rome w say1 b r m5 
scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w "h & !re 9 !  
_w1 f ! ris+ to ! sett+ ( ! sun1 :o     
agree conc]n+ ! ,gospel1 & h ! same     
,*ri/1 ! same ,holy ,gho/1 & ! same     
,sacram5ts1 :e!r !y h ! same or diff]5t 
human traditions4  ,& ! gloss ^u !      
,decrees says t ! ,*ur* 9 its wide s5se 
embraces good & evil2 likewise1 t !     
wick$ are 9 ! ,*ur* only 9 "n1 n 9 fact2

 b t ! good are 9 ! ,*ur* bo? 9 fact & 9
 "n4  ,& to ?is effect !re are _m       
passages 9 ! ,fa!rs4  ,= ,j]ome says3 ,!
 s9n]1 !re=e1 :o ,has be5 soil$ ) any   
blot* _c be call$ a memb] ( ! ,*ur* (   
,*ri/1 nei!r c he be said to be subject 
to ,*ri/4  ,al?\gh1 !re=e1 hypocrites & 
wick$ m5 are memb]s ( ?is true ,*ur*    
accord+ to outw>d rites titles & (fices1
 yet :5 ! ,*ur* is def9$1 x is necess>y 
to def9e t :i* is ! liv+ body ( ,*ri/1 &
 :i* is 9 "n & 9 fact ! ,*ur* :i* is    
call$ ! body ( ,*ri/1 & has fell[%ip n  
alone 9 outw>d signs1 b has gifts 9 !   
he>t1 namely1 ! ,holy ,gho/ & fai?4  ,& 
= ?is !re are _m reasons4  ,= x is      
necess>y to und]/& :at x is t pr9cipally
 makes u memb]s1 & t1 liv+ memb]s1 ( !  
,*ur*4  ,if we w def9e ! ,*ur* only z an
 outw>d polity ( ! good & wick$1 m5 w n 
und]/& t ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ is righte\sness
 ( he>t & ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/ t !    
k+dom ( ,*ri/ is spiritual1 z nev]!less 
x is1 t !re9 ,*ri/ inw>dly rules1       
/r5g!ns1 & com=ts he>ts1 & imp>ts !     

,holy ,gho/ & v>i\s spiritual gifts1 b  
!y w judge t x is only ! outw>d         
obs]vance ( c]ta9 =ms ( wor%ip & rites4 
,likewise1 :at diff]5ce w !re be betwe5 
! p ( ! ,law & ! ,*ur* if ! ,*ur* is an 
outw>d polity8  ,b ,paul di/+ui%es !    
,*ur* f ! p ( ! ,law ?us1 t ! ,*ur* is a
 spiritual p1 i4e41 t x has be5 di/+ui%$
 f ! hea!n n by civil rites n 9 ! polity
 & civil affairs1 b t x is ! true p (   
,god1 reg5]at$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,among
 ! p ( ! ,law1 ap>t f ! promise ( ,*ri/1
 also ! c>nal se$ all ^? :o by nature 7 
born ,jews & ,abraham's se$ _h promises 
conc]n+ corporeal ?+s1 ( gov]nm5t1 etc4 
,& because ( ^! ev5 ! wick$ among !m 7  
call$ ! p ( ,god1 because ,god _h       
sep>at$ ?is c>nal se$ f o!r nations by  
c]ta9 outw>d ord9ances & promises2 &    
yet1 ^! wick$ p]sons did n please ,god4 
,b ! ,gospel :i* is prea*$ 9 ! ,*ur*    
br+s n m]ely ! %ad[ ( et]nal ?+s1 b !   
et]nal ?+s !mselves1 ! ,holy ,gho/ &    
righte\sness1 by :i* we are righte\s    
be=e ,god4  ,b e true ,*ri/ian is ev5 "h

 ^u e>? p>tak] ( et]nal bless+s1 ev5 (  
et]nal com=t1 ( et]nal life1 & ( ! ,holy
 ,gho/1 & ( righte\sness :i* is f ,god1 
until he w be completely sav$ 9 ! _w to 
come4  ,!re=e1 only ^? are ! p1 accord+ 
to ! ,gospel1 :o receive ?is promise ( !
 ,_s4  ,besides1 ! ,*ur* is ! k+dom (   
,*ri/1 di/+ui%$ f ! k+dom ( ! devil4  ,x
 is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t ! wick$ are 9 ! p[] 
( ! devil1 & memb]s ( ! k+dom ( ! devil1
 z ,paul tea*es1 ,eph4 #b1 #b1 :5 he    
says t ! devil n[ worke? 9 ! *ildr5 (   
disob$i5ce4  ,& ,*ri/ says to !         
,ph>isees1 :o c]ta9ly _h outw>d fell[%ip
 ) ! ,*ur*1 i4e41 ) ! sa9ts among ! p ( 
! ,law 7= !y held (fice1 sacrific$1 &   
taught73 ,ye are ( y\r fa!r1 ! devil1   
,john #h1 #dd4 ,!re=e1 ! ,*ur*1 :i* is  
truly ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ is prop]ly !      
congregation ( sa9ts4  ,= ! wick$ are   
rul$ by ! devil1 & are captives ( !     
devil2 !y are n rul$ by ! ,_s ( ,*ri/4  
,b :at ne$ is !re ( words 9 a manife/   
matt]8  ,h[ev]1 ! adv]s>ies contradict !
 pla9 tru?4 ,if ! ,*ur*1 :i* is truly ! 

k+dom ( ,*ri/1 is di/+ui%$ f ! k+dom ( !
 devil1 x foll[s necess>ily t ! wick$1  
s9ce !y are 9 ! k+dom ( ! devil1 are n !
 ,*ur*2 al?\gh 9 ?is life1 because !    
k+dom ( ,*ri/ has n yet be5 reveal$2 !y 
are m+l$ ) ! ,*ur*1 & hold (fices z     
tea*]s1 & o!r (fices 9 ! ,*ur*4  ,nei!r 
are ! wick$ ! k+dom ( ,*ri/1 = ! reason 
t ! revelation has n yet be5 made4  ,= t
 is always ! k+dom :i* ,he quick5s by ,8
 ,_s1 :e!r x be reveal$ or be cov]$ by !
 cross2 j z ,he :o has n[ be5 glorifi$  
is ! same ,*ri/ :o 0 be=e afflict$4  ,& 
) ?is cle>ly agree ! p>ables ( ,*ri/1 :o
 says1 ,matt4 #ac1 #ch1 t ! good se$ are
 ! *ildr5 ( ! k+dom1 b ! t>es are !     
*ildr5 ( ! ,wick$ ,"o4  ,! field1 ,he   
says1 is ! _w1 n ! ,*ur*4  ,?us ,john   
,matt4 #c1ab3 ,he w ?r\ghly purge ,8    
floor1 & ga!r ,8 :eat into ! g>n]2 b ,he
 w burn up ! *aff speaks conc]n+ ! :ole 
race ( ! ,jews1 & says t x w come to    
pass t ! true ,*ur* w be sep>at$ f t p4 
,!re=e1 ?is passage is m aga9/ !        
adv]s>ies ?an 9 favor ( !m1 because x   

%[s t ! true & spiritual p is to be     
sep>at$ f ! c>nal p4  ,*ri/ also speaks 
( ! outw>d appe>ance ( ! ,*ur* :5 ,he   
says1 ,matt4 #ac1 #dg3 ,! k+dom ( heav5 
is l unto a net1 likewise1 to t5 virg9s2
 & ,he tea*es t ! ,*ur* has be5 cov]$ by
 a multitude ( evils1 9 ord] t ?is      
/umbl+-block may n (f5d ! pi\s2         
likewise1 9 ord] t we may "k t ! ,^w &  
,sacram5ts are efficaci\s ev5 :5        
adm9i/]$ by ! wick$4  ,& mean:ile ,he   
tea*es t ^! godless m51 al?\gh !y h !   
fell[%ip ( outw>d signs1 are nev]!less n
 ! true k+dom ( ,*ri/ & memb]s ( ,*ri/2 
= !y are memb]s ( ! k+dom ( ! devil4    
,nei!r1 inde$1 are we dream+ ( a        
,platonic /ate1 z "s wick$ly *>ge1 b we 
say t ?is ,*ur* exi/s1 namely1 ! truly  
believ+ & righte\s m5 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! 
:ole _w ,we are speak+ n ( an imag9>y   
,*ur*1 :i* is to be f\nd n[h]e2 b we say
 & "k c]ta9ly t ?is ,*ur*1 :]e9 sa9ts   
live1 is & abides truly ^u e>?2 namely1 
t "s ( ,god's *ildr5 are "h & !re 9 all 
! _w1 9 v>i\s k+doms1 isl&s1 l&s1 &     

cities1 f ! ris+ ( ! sun to its sett+1  
:o h truly le>n$ to "k ,*ri/ & ,8       
,gospel4 ,& we add ! m>ks3 ! pure       
doctr9e ( ! ,gospel ! m9i/ry or !       
,gospel & ! ,sacram5ts4  ,& ?is ,*ur* is
 prop]ly ! pill> ( ! tru?1 #a ,tim4 #c1 
#ae4 ,= x reta9s ! pure ,gospel1 &1 z   
,paul says1 #a ,cor4 #c1 #aa 3 ,o!r     
f\ndation c no man lay ?an t is laid1   
:i* is ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! f\ndation1 i4e41 
! true k ( ,*ri/ & fai?4  ,al?\gh among 
^! 9 ! body :i* is built ^u ! true      
f\ndation1 i4e41 ^u ,*ri/ & fai? !re are
 also _m weak p]sons1 :o build ^u !     
f\ndation /ubble t w p]i%1 i4e41 c]ta9  
unpr(itable op9ions "s human ?\ghts &   
op9ions1 :i*1 nev]!less1 because !y d n 
ov]?r[ ! f\ndation are bo? =giv5 !m &   
also correct$4  ,& ! writ+s ( ! holy    
,fa!rs te/ify t sometimes ev5 !y built  
/ubble ^u ! f\ndation1 b t ?is did n    
ov]?r[ _! fai?4  ,b mo/ ( ^? errors :i* 
our adv]s>ies def5d1 ov]?r[ fai?1 z1 _! 
condemnation ( ! article conc]n+ !      
remission ( s9s1 9 :i* we say t !       

remission ( s9s is receiv$ by fai?4     
,likewise x is a manife/ & p]nici\s     
error :5 ! adv]s>ies tea* t m5 m]it !   
remission ( s9s by love to ,god1 prior  
to grace4  ,9 ! place ( ,*ri/ !y set up 
_! works1 ord]s1 masses1 j z ! ,jews1 ! 
hea!n1 & ! ,turks int5d to be sav$ by _!
 works4 ,= ?is also is to remove !      
f\ndation1 i4e41 ,*ri/4  ,likewise1 :at 
ne$ w !re be ( fai? if ! ,sacram5ts     
ju/ify ex op]e op]ato1 )\t a good       
disposition on ! "p ( ! "o us+ !m8 )\t  
fai?4  ,n[1 a p]son t does n reg>d fai? 
z necess>y has already lo/ ,*ri/4       
,aga91 !y set up ! wor%ip ( sa9ts1 call 
^u !m in/ead ( ,*ri/1 ! ,m$iator1 etc4  
,b j z ! ,*ur* has ! promise t x w      
always h ! ,holy ,gho/1 s x has also !  
?reat5+s t !re w be wick$ tea*]s &      
wolves4  ,b t is ! ,*ur* 9 ! prop] s5se 
:i* has ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,al?\gh wolves &
 wick$ tea*]s become rampant rage & d   
injury 9 ! ,*ur*1 yet !y are n prop]ly !
 k+dom ( ,*ri/4  ,j z ,lyra also        
te/ifies1 :5 he says3 ,! ,*ur* does n   

consi/ ( m5 ) respect to p[]1 or        
ecclesia/ical or secul> dignity1 because
 _m pr9ces & ar*bi%ops & o!rs ( l[] rank
 h be5 f\nd to h apo/atiz$ f ! fai?4    
,!re=e1 ! ,*ur* consi/s ( ^? p]sons 9   
:om !re is a true k & confession ( fai? 
& tru?4  ,:at else h we said 9 our      
,confession ?an :at ,lyra "h says 9 t]ms
 s cle> t he c\ld n h spok5 m cle>ly8   
,b ! adv]s>ies p]haps require a new     
,roman def9ition1 t ! ,*ur* be def9$    
?us1 namely1 t x is ! supreme outw>d    
mon>*y ( ! :ole _w1 9 :i* ! ,roman      
pontiff necess>ily has unque/ion$ p[]1  
:i* no "o is p]mitt$ to dispute or      
c5sure no matt] :e!r he uses x rightly1 
or misuses x1 to frame articles ( fai?2 
to aboli%1 accord+ to 8 pleasure1 !     
,scriptures to p]v]t & int]pret !m      
contr>y to all div9e law1 contr>y to 8  
own decretals1 contr>y to all imp]ial   
rights1 z (t51 to z great an ext5t1 &   
:5ev] x pleases him1 to sell indulg5ces 
& disp5sations = money2 to appo9t rites 
( wor%ip & sacrifices2 likewise1 to     

frame su* laws z he may wi%1 & to       
disp5se & exempt f :atev] laws he may   
wi%1 div9e1 canonical1 or civil2 & t f  
him z f ! viceg]5t ( ,*ri/ ! ,emp]or &  
all k+s receive1 accord+ to ! comm& (   
,*ri/1 ! p[] & "r to hold _! k+doms1 f  
:om1 s9ce ! ,fa!r has subject$ all ?+s  
to ,him1 x mu/ be und]/ood1 ?is "r 0    
transf]r$ to ! ,pope2 !re=e ! ,pope mu/ 
necess>ily be a ,god on e>?1 ! supreme  
,maje/y1 "l ( ! :ole _w1 ( all ! k+doms 
( ! _w1 ( all ?+s private & public1 &   
mu/ h absolute p[] 9 temporal &         
spiritual ?+s1 & bo? swords1 ! spiritual
 & temporal ,besides ?is def9ition1 n ( 
! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ b ( ! papal k+dom1 has z
 its au?ors n only ! canoni/s1 b also   
,daniel #aa #cf ff4 ,daniel1 ! prophet1 
repres5ts ,anti*ri/ 9 ?is way4  ,n[1 if 
we w\ld def9e ! ,*ur* 9 ?is way t x is  
su* pomp1 z is exhibit$ 9 ! ,pope's     
rule1 we w\ld p]haps h fair] judges4  ,=
 !re are _m ?+s extant writt5           
extravagantly & wick$ly conc]n+ ! p[] ( 
! ,pope ( ,rome on acc\nt ( :i* no "o   

has ev] be5 arraign$4  ,we alone are    
blam$1 because we proclaim ! b5efic5ce (
 ,*ri/ & write & prea* ! cle> ^w & tea*+
 ( ! apo/les1 t by fai? 9 ,*ri/ we obta9
 remission ( s9s1 & n by hypocrisy or   
innum]able rites ( wor%ip devis$ by !   
,pope4  ,moreov]1 ,*ri/1 ! prophets1 & !
 apo/les def9e ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ f>       
o!rwise ?an z ! papal k+dom4  ,nei!r mu/
 we transf] to ! ,popes :at belongs to !
 true ,*ur*1 namely1 t !y are pill>s ( !
 tru?1 t !y d n err4  ,= h[ _m ( !m c>e 
= ! ,gospel or judge t x "o little page1
 "o lett] ( x is wor? be+ read8  ,_m 9  
,italy & else:]e ev5 publicly ridicule  
all religions1 or1 if !y approve any?+1 
!y approve su* ?+s only z are 9 h>mony )
 human reason1 & reg>d ! re/ fabul\s & l
 ! trag$ies ( ! poets4  ,:]e=e we hold1 
accord+ ,scriptures1 t ! ,*ur*1 prop]ly 
s call$1 is ! congregation ( sa9ts ( ^? 
"h & !re 9 ! _w1 :o truly believe !     
,gospel ( ,*ri/1 & h ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,& 
yet we confess t 9 ?is life _m          
hypocrites & wick$ m51 m+l$ ) ^!1 h !   

fell[%ip ( outw>d signs :o are memb]s ( 
! ,*ur* accord+ to ?is fell[%ip ( outw>d
 signs1 & accord+ly be> (fices 9 ! ,*ur*
 prea*1 adm9i/] ! ,sacram5ts1 & be> !   
title & "n ( ,*ri/ians4  ,nei!r does !  
fact t ! sacram5ts are adm9i/]$ by !    
unwor?y detract f _! efficacy1 because1 
on acc\nt ( ! call ( ! ,*ur*1 !y        
repres5t ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 & d n repres5t
 _! own p]sons1 z ,*ri/ te/ifies1 ,luke 
#aj1 #af3 ,he t he>e? y he>e? ,me4  ,?us
 ev5 ,judas 0 s5t to prea*4 ,:5 !y (f] !
 ,^w ( ,god1 :5 !y (f] ! ,sacram5ts1 !y 
(f] !m 9 ! /ead & place ( ,*ri/4  ,^?   
words ( ,*ri/ tea* u n to be (f5d$ by ! 
unwor?9ess ( ! m9i/]s4  ,b conc]n+ ?is  
matt] we h spok5 ) suffici5t cle>ness 9 
! ,confession t we condemn ! ,donati/s &
 ,wyclifites1 :o ?\ght t m5 s9n$ :5 !y  
receiv$ ! sacram5ts f ! unwor?y 9 !     
,*ur*4  ,^! ?+s seem1 = ! pres5t1 to be 
suffici5t = ! def5se ( ! description ( !
 ,*ur* :i* we h pres5t$4  ,nei!r d we   
see h[1 :5 ! ,*ur*1 prop]ly s call$1 is 
nam$ ! body ( ,*ri/1 x %\ld be describ$ 

o!rwise ?an we h describ$ x4  ,= x is   
evid5t t ! wick$ belong to ! k+dom &    
body ( ! devil1 :o impels & holds       
captive ! wick$4  ,^! ?+s are cle>] ?an 
! light ( noonday1 h[ev]1 if ! adv]s>ies
 /ill cont9ue to p]v]t !m1 we w n       
hesitate to reply at great] l5g?4  ,!   
adv]s>ies condemn also ! "p ( ! ,sev5?  
,article 9 :i* we said t to ! unity ( ! 
,*ur* x is suffici5t to agree conc]n+ ! 
doctr9e ( ! ,gospel & ! adm9i/ration ( !
 ,sacram5ts2 nor is x necess>y t human  
traditions rites or c]emonies in/itut$  
by m5 %\ld be alike ev]y:]e4 ,"h !y     
di/+ui% betwe5 univ]sal & p>ticul>      
rites1 & approve our article if x be    
und]/ood conc]n+ p>ticul> rites1 !y d n 
receive x conc]n+ univ]sal rites4  ,t is
 a f9e clumsy di/9ction6 ,we d n        
suffici5tly und]/& :at ! adv]s>ies mean4
  ,we are speak+ ( true1 i4e41 (        
spiritual unity we say t ^? are "o      
h>moni\s ,*ur* :o believe 9 "o ,*ri/1 :o
 h "o ,gospel1 "o ,_s1 "o fai?1 ! same  
,sacram5ts2 & we are speak+1 !re=e1 (   

spiritual unity1 )\t :i* fai? 9 ! he>t1 
or righte\sness ( he>t be=e ,god _c     
exi/4  ,= ?is we say t simil>ity ( human
 rites1 :e!r univ]sal or p>ticul>1 is n 
necess>y1 because ! righte\sness ( fai? 
is n a righte\sness b\nd to c]ta9       
traditions outw>d c]emonies ( human     
ord9ances z ! righte\sness ( ! ,law 0   
b\nd to ! ,mosaic c]emonies1 because ?is
 righte\sness ( ! he>t is a matt] t     
quick5s ! he>t4  ,to ?is quick5+1 human 
traditions1 :e!r !y be univ]sal or      
p>ticul>1 contribute no?+2 nei!r are !y 
effects ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 z are *a/ity1  
pati5ce1 ! fe> ( ,god1 love to "o's     
neighbor1 & ! works ( love4  ,nei!r 7 ! 
reasons trifl+ :y we pres5t$ ?is        
article4  ,= x is evid5t t _m great     
errors & fooli% op9ions conc]n+         
traditions _h crept into ! ,*ur*4  ,"s  
?\ght t human traditions 7 necess>y     
s]vices = m]it+ ju/ification t )\t su*  
human ord9ances ,*ri/ian hol9ess & fai? 
are ( no avail be=e ,god2 also t no "o c
 be a ,*ri/ian unless he obs]ve su*     

traditions1 al?\gh !y are no?+ b an     
outw>d regulation4  ,& aft]w>ds !y      
disput$ h[ x came to pass t ,god 0      
wor%ip$ ) su* v>iety1 z ?\gh1 inde$1 ^! 
obs]vances 7 acts ( wor%ip1 & n r outw>d
 & political ord9ances1 p]ta9+ 9 no     
respect to righte\sness ( he>t or !     
wor%ip ( ,god1 :i* v>y1 accord+ to !    
circum/ances1 = c]ta9 probable reasons1 
sometimes 9 "o way & at o!r times 9     
ano!r z 9 worldly gov]nm5ts "o /ate has 
cu/oms diff]5t f ano!r4  ,likewise "s   
,*ur*es h excommunicat$ o!rs because (  
su* traditions1 z ! obs]vance ( ,ea/]1  
pictures1 & ! l4  ,h5ce ! ignorant h    
suppos$ t fai?1 or ! righte\sness ( !   
he>t be=e ,god1 _c exi/ & t no "o c be a
 ,*ri/ian )\t ^! obs]vances4 ,= _m      
fooli% writ+s ( ! ,summi/s & ( o!rs     
conc]n+ ?is matt] are extant4  ,b j z ! 
dissimil> l5g? ( day & night does n     
injure ! unity ( ! ,*ur*1 s we believe t
 ! true unity ( ! ,*ur* is n injur$ by  
dissimil> rites in/itut$ by m52 al?\gh x
 is pleas+ to u t1 = ! sake (           

tranquillity unity & good ord]1 univ]sal
 rites be obs]v$ j z also 9 ! *ur*es we 
will+ly obs]ve ! ord] ( ! ,mass1 ! ,"l's
 ,day1 & o!r m em95t fe/ival days4  ,& )
 a v grateful m9d we embrace ! pr(itable
 & anci5t ord9ances1 especially s9ce !y 
conta9 a discipl9e by :i* x is pr(itable
 to educate & tra9 ! p & ^? :o are      
ignorant ! "y p4  ,b n[ we are n        
discuss+ ! "q :e!r x be ( advantage to  
obs]ve !m on acc\nt ( peace or bodily   
pr(it4  ,ano!r matt] is treat$ (4  ,= ! 
"q at issue is1 :e!r ! obs]vances (     
human traditions are acts ( wor%ip      
necess>y = righte\sness be=e ,god4 ,?is 
is ! po9t to be judg$ 9 ?is controv]sy &
 :5 ?is is decid$1 x c aft]w>ds be judg$
 :e!r to ! true unity ( ! ,*ur* x is    
necess>y t human traditions %\ld ev]y:]e
 be alike4  ,= if human traditions be n 
acts ( wor%ip necess>y = righte\sness   
be=e ,god1 x foll[s t also !y c be      
righte\s & be ! sons ( ,god :o h n !    
traditions :i* h be5 receiv$ else:]e4   
,f4i41 if ! /yle ( ,g]man clo?+ is n    

wor%ip ( ,god1 necess>y = righte\sness  
be=e ,god1 x foll[s t m5 c be righte\s &
 sons ( ,god & ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 ev5 ?\gh
 !y use a co/ume t is n ,g]man1 b ,fr5*4
  ,paul cle>ly tea*es ?is to !          
,colossians1 #b1af4ag3 ,let no man1     
!re=e1 judge y 9 meat1 or 9 dr9k1 or 9  
respect ( an holy-day1 or ( ! new moon1 
or ( ! ,sabba? days1 :i* are a %ad[ (   
?+s to come2 b ! body is ( ,*ri/4       
,likewise1 v4 #bj sqq43 ,if ye be dead )
 ,*ri/ f ! rudim5ts ( ! _w1 :y1 z ?\gh  
liv+ 9 ! _w1 are ye subject to ord9ances
 7t\* n2 ta/e n2 h&le n2 :i* are to p]i%
 ) ! us+71 aft] ! comm&m5ts & doctr9es (
 m58  ,:i* ?+s h1 inde$1 a %[ ( wisdom 9
 w-wor%ip & humility4  ,= ! mean+ is3   
,s9ce righte\sness ( ! he>t is a        
spiritual matt]1 quick5+ he>ts1 & x is  
evid5t t human traditions d n quick5    
he>ts & are n effects ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 z
 are love to "o's neighbor1 *a/ity1     
etc41 & are n in/rum5ts ?r\gh :i* ,god  
moves he>ts to believe1 z are ! div9ely 
giv5 ,^w & ,sacram5ts1 b are usages )   

reg>d to matt]s t p]ta9 9 no respect to 
! he>t1 :i* p]i% ) ! us+1 we mu/ n      
believe t !y are necess>y = righte\sness
 be=e ,god4  ,!y are no?+ et]nal1 h5ce1 
!y d n procure et]nal life1 b are an    
ext]nal bodily discipl9e1 :i* does n    
*ange ! he>t4 ,& to ! same effect he    
says1 ,rom4 #ad1 #ag3 ,! k+dom ( ,god is
 n meat & dr9k1 b righte\sness & peace &
 joy 9 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,b !re is no ne$  
to cite _m te/imonies1 s9ce !y are      
ev]y:]e obvi\s 9 ! ,scriptures1 & 9 our 
,confession we h br\ght toge!r v _m (   
!m1 9 ! latt] articles4  ,& ! po9t to be
 decid$ 9 ?is controv]sy mu/ be repeat$ 
aft] a :ile1 namely1 :e!r human         
traditions be acts ( wor%ip necess>y =  
righte\sness be=e ,god4  ,!re we w      
discuss ?is matt] m fully4  ,! adv]s>ies
 say t univ]sal traditions are to be    
obs]v$ because !y are suppos$ to h be5  
h&$ d[n by ! apo/les4 ,:at religi\s m5  
!y are6  ,!y wi% t ! rites d]iv$ f !    
apo/les be reta9$1 !y d n wi% ! doctr9e 
( ! apo/les to be reta9$4  ,!y mu/ judge

 conc]n+ ^! rites j z ! apo/les !mselves
 judge 9 _! writ+s4  ,= ! apo/les did n 
wi% u to believe t ?r\gh su* rites we   
are ju/ifi$1 t su* rites are necess>y = 
righte\sness be=e ,god4  ,! apo/les did 
n wi% to impose su* a burd5 ^u          
consci5ces2 !y did n wi% to place       
righte\sness & s9 9 ! obs]vance ( days1 
food1 & ! l4  ,yea1 ,paul calls su*     
op9ions doctr9es ( devils1 #a ,tim4 #d1 
#a4 ,!re=e ! w & advice ( ! apo/les     
ought to be d]iv$ f _! writ+s2 x is n   
en\gh to m5tion _! example4  ,!y obs]v$ 
c]ta9 days1 n because ?is obs]vance 0   
necess>y = ju/ification1 b 9 ord] t ! p 
might "k at :at "t !y %\ld assemble4    
,!y obs]v$ also c]ta9 o!r rites & ord]s 
( lessons :5ev] !y assembl$4  ,! p ,9 ! 
beg9n+ ( ! ,*ur* ! ,jews :o _h become   
,*ri/ians reta9$ also f ! cu/oms ( !    
,fa!rs f _! ,jewi% fe/ivals & c]emonies1
 z is commonly ! case1 c]ta9 ?+s :i*1   
be+ some:at *ang$1 ! apo/les adapt$ to !
 hi/ory ( ! ,gospel z ! ,passov]1       
,p5teco/1 s t n only by tea*+1 b also   

?r\gh ^! examples !y might h& d[n to    
po/]ity ! memory ( ! mo/ important      
subjects4  ,b if ^! ?+s 7 h&$ d[n z     
necess>y = ju/ification1 :y aft]w>ds did
 ! bi%ops *ange _m ?+s 9 ^! v matt]s8   
,=1 if !y 7 matt]s ( div9e "r1 x 0 n    
lawful to *ange !m by human au?ority4   
,be=e ! ,synod ( ,nice "s obs]v$ ,ea/]  
at "o "t & o!rs at ano!r "t4  ,nei!r did
 ?is want ( uni=mity injure fai?4       
,aft]w>d ! plan 0 adopt$ by :i* our     
,passov] ,ea/] did n fall at ! same "t z
 t ( ! ,jewi% ,passov]4  ,b ! apo/les _h
 comm&$ ! ,*ur*es to obs]ve ! ,passov] )
 ! bre?r5 :o _h be5 conv]t$ f ,judaism4 
,!re=e1 aft] ! ,synod ( ,nice1 c]ta9    
nations t5aci\sly held to ! cu/om (     
obs]v+ ! ,jewi% "t4  ,b ! apo/les1 by   
?is decree1 did n wi% to impose         
necessity ^u ! ,*ur*es1 ! words ( !     
decree te/ify4  ,= x bids no "o to be   
tr\bl$1 ev5 ?\gh 8 bre?r51 9 obs]v+     
,ea/]1 d n compute ! "t aright4  ,!     
words ( ! decree are extant 9           
,epiphanius3 ,d n calculate1 b celebrate

 x :5ev] y\r bre?r5 ( ! circumcision d2 
celebrate x at ! same "t ) !m1 & ev5    
?\gh !y may h err$1 let n ?is be a c>e  
to y44 ,epiphanius writes t ^! are !    
words ( ! apo/les pres5t$ 9 a decree    
conc]n+ ,ea/]1 9 :i* ! discreet read] c 
easily judge t ! apo/les wi%$ to free ! 
p f ! fooli% op9ion ( a fix$ "t1 :5 !y  
prohibit !m f be+ tr\bl$1 ev5 ?\gh a    
mi/ake %\ld be made 9 ! computation4    
,"s1 moreov] 9 ! ,ea/1 :o 7 call$1 f !  
au?or ( ! dogma1 ,audians1 cont5d$1 on  
acc\nt ( ?is decree ( ! apo/les1 t !    
,passov] %\ld be obs]v$ ) ! ,jews4      
,epiphanius1 9 refut+ !m1 praises !     
decree & says t x conta9s no?+ :i*      
deviates f ! fai? or rule ( ! ,*ur*1 &  
blames ! ,audians because !y d n und]/& 
aright ! expression1 & int]prets x 9 !  
s5se 9 :i* we int]pret x because !      
apo/les did n consid] x ( any importance
 at :at "t ! ,passov] %\ld be obs]v$1 b 
because prom95t bre?r5 _h be5 conv]t$ f 
! ,jews :o obs]v$ _! cu/om1 &1 = ! sake 
( h>mony1 wi%$ ! re/ to foll[ _! example

 ,& ! apo/les wisely admoni%$ ! read]   
nei!r to remove ! lib]ty ( ! ,gospel1   
nor to impose necessity ^u consci5ces1  
because !y add t !y %\ld n be tr\bl$ ev5
 ?\gh !re %\ld be an error 9 mak+ !     
computation4  ,_m ?+s ( ?is class c be  
ga!r$ f ! hi/ories1 9 :i* x appe>s t a  
want ( uni=mity 9 human obs]vances does 
n injure ! unity ( fai? sep>ate no "o f 
! univ]sal ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4  ,al?\gh1 :at
 ne$ is !re ( discussion8  ,! adv]s>ies 
d n at all und]/& :at ! righte\sness (  
fai? is1 :at ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ is1 :5 !y  
judge t uni=mity ( obs]vances 9 food1   
days1 clo?+1 & ! l1 :i* d n h ! comm& ( 
,god1 is necess>y4  ,b look at !        
religi\s m51 our adv]s>ies4  ,= ! unity 
( ! ,*ur* !y require uni=m human        
obs]vances1 al?\gh !y !mselves h *ang$ !
 ord9ance ( ,*ri/ 9 ! use ( ! ,supp]1   
:i* c]ta9ly 0 a univ]sal ord9ance be=e4 
,b if univ]sal ord9ances are s necess>y1
 :y d !y !mselves *ange ! ord9ance (    
,*ri/'s ,supp]1 :i* is n human1 b div9e8
  ,b conc]n+ ?is entire controv]sy we   

%all h to speak at diff]5t times bel[4  
,! entire ,eigh? ,article has be5       
approv$1 9 :i* we confess t hypocrites &
 wick$ p]sons h be5 m+l$ ) ! ,*ur*1 & t 
! ,sacram5ts are efficaci\s ev5 ?\gh    
disp5s$ by wick$ m9i/]s1 because !      
m9i/]s act 9 ! place ( ,*ri/1 & d n     
repres5t _! own p]sons1 accord+ to ,luke
 #aj1 #af3 ,he t he>e? y he>e? ,me4     
,impi\s tea*]s are to be des]t$ are n to
 be receiv$ or he>d1 because ^! d n act 
any long] 9 ! place ( ,*ri/1 b are      
anti*ri/s4  ,& ,*ri/ says ,matt4 #g1    
#ae3 ,bew>e ( false prophets4  ,& ,paul1
 ,gal4 #a1 #i3 ,if any man prea* any o!r
 gospel unto y1 let him be accurs$4     
,moreov]1 ,*ri/ has w>n$ u 9 ,8 p>ables 
conc]n+ ! ,*ur*1 t :5 (f5d$ by ! private
 vices1 :e!r ( prie/s or p1 we %\ld n   
excite s*isms1 z ! ,donati/s h wick$ly  
done4 ,z to ^?1 h[ev]1 :o h excit$      
s*isms1 because !y d5i$ t prie/s are    
p]mitt$ to hold possessions & prop]ty1  
we hold t !y are altoge!r s$iti\s4  ,=  
to hold prop]ty is a civil ord9ance4  ,x

 is lawful1 h[ev]1 = ,*ri/ians to use   
civil ord9ances1 j z !y use ! air1 !    
light1 food1 dr9k4  ,= z ?is ord] ( ! _w
 & fix$ movem5ts ( ! heav5ly bodies are 
truly ,god's ord9ances & ^! are pres]v$ 
by ,god1 s lawful gov]nm5ts are truly   
,god's ord9ances1 & are pres]v$ & def5d$
 by ,god aga9/ ! devil4     ,"p #ab     
,article ,,ix3 ,( ,baptism4  ,! ,n9?    
,article has be5 approv$1 9 :i* we      
confess t ,baptism is necess>y to       
salvation1 & t *ildr5 are to be baptiz$1
 & t ! baptism ( *ildr5 is n 9 va91 b is
 necess>y & effectual to salvation4  ,& 
s9ce ! ,gospel is taught among u purely 
& dilig5tly1 by ,god's favor we receive 
also f x ?is fruit1 t 9 our ,*ur*es no  
,anabapti/s h aris5 h n ga9$ gr\nd 9 our
 ,*ur*es1 because ! p h be5 =tifi$ by   
,god's ,^w aga9/ ! wick$ & s$iti\s      
faction ( ^! robb]s4  ,& z we condemn q 
a numb] ( o!r errors ( ! ,anabapti/s1 we
 condemn ?is also1 t !y dispute t !     
baptism ( little *ildr5 is unpr(itable4 
,= x is v c]ta9 t ! promise ( salvation 

p]ta9s also to little *ildr5 t ! div9e  
promises ( grace & ( ! ,holy ,gho/      
belong n alone to ! old1 b also to      
*ildr54  ,x does n1 h[ev]1 p]ta9 to ^?  
:o are outside ( ,*ri/'s ,*ur* :]e !re  
is nei!r ,^w nor ,sacram5ts because !   
k+dom ( ,*ri/ exi/s only ) ! ,^w &      
,sacram5ts4  ,!re=e x is necess>y to    
baptize little *ildr51 t ! promise (    
salvation may be appli$ to !m1 accord+  
to ,*ri/'s comm&1 ,matt4 #bh1 #ai3      
,baptize all nations4 ,j z "h salvation 
is (f]$ to all1 s ,baptism is (f]$ to   
all1 to m51 wom51 *ildr51 infants4  ,x  
cle>ly foll[s1 !re=e1 t infants are to  
be baptiz$1 because ) ,baptism salvation
 ! univ]sal grace & treasure ( ! ,gospel
 is (f]$4  ,secondly1 x is manife/ t    
,god approves ( ! baptism ( little      
*ildr54 ,!re=e ! ,anabapti/s1 :o condemn
 ! baptism ( little *ildr51 believe     
wick$ly4  ,t ,god1 h[ev]1 approves ( !  
baptism ( little *ildr5 is %[n--by ?is1 
namely1 t ,god gives ! ,holy ,gho/ to ^?
 ?us baptiz$ to _m :o h be5 baptiz$ 9   

*ildhood4  ,= if ?is baptism w\ld be 9  
va91 ! ,holy ,gho/ w\ld be giv5 to none1
 none w\ld be sav$1 & f9ally !re w\ld be
 no ,*ur*4  ,= !re h be5 _m holy m5 9 ! 
,*ur* :o h n be5 baptiz$ o!rwise4 ,?is  
reason1 ev5 tak5 alone1 c suffici5tly   
e/abli% good & godly m9ds aga9/ !       
godless & fanatical op9ions ( !         
,anabapti/s4     ,"p #ac   ,article ,x3 
,( ! ,holy ,supp]4  ,! ,t5? ,article has
 be5 approv$1 9 :i* we confess t we     
believe1 t 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] ! body &    
blood ( ,*ri/ are truly & sub/antially  
pres5t1 & are truly t5d]$1 ) ^? ?+s :i* 
are se51 bread & w9e to ^? :o receive ! 
,sacram5t4  ,?is belief we con/antly    
def5d z ! subject has be5 c>efully      
exam9$ & consid]$4  ,= s9ce ,paul says1 
#a ,cor4 #aj1 #af1 t ! bread is !       
communion ( ! ,"l's body1 etc41 x w\ld  
foll[1 if ! ,"l's body 7 n truly pres5t1
 t ! bread is n a communion ( ! body1 b 
only ( ! _s ( ,*ri/4  ,& we h asc]ta9$ t
 n only ! ,roman ,*ur* affirms ! bodily 
pres5ce ( ,*ri/1 b ! ,greek ,*ur* also  

bo? n[ believes1 & =m]ly believ$1 !     
same4  ,= ! canon ( ! ,mass among !m    
te/ifies to ?is1 9 :i* ! prie/ cle>ly   
prays t ! bread may be *ang$ & become ! 
v body ( ,*ri/4 ,& ,vulg>ius1 :o seems  
to u to be n a silly writ]1 says        
di/9ctly t bread is n a m]e figure1 b is
 truly *ang$ into fle%4  ,& !re is a    
long exposition ( ,cyril on ,john #ae1 9
 :i* he tea*es t ,*ri/ is corporeally   
(f]$ u 9 ! ,supp]4  ,= he says ?us3     
,nev]!less1 we d n d5y t we are jo9$    
spiritually to ,*ri/ by true fai? &     
s9c]e love4  ,b t we h no mode (        
connection ) ,him1 accord+ to ! fle%1   
?is inde$ we entirely d5y4  ,& ?is1 we  
say1 is altoge!r =eign to ! div9e       
,scriptures4  ,= :o has d\bt$ t ,*ri/ is
 9 ?is mann] a v9e1 & we ! bran*es1     
d]iv+ !nce life = ourselves8  ,he> ,paul
 say+ #a ,cor4 #aj1 #ag2 ,rom4 #ab1 #e2 
,gal4 #c1 #bh3 ,we are all "o body 9    
,*ri/2 al?\gh we are _m1 we are1        
nev]!less1 "o 9 ,him2 = we are all      
p>tak]s ( t "o bread4 ,does he p]haps   

?9k t ! virtue ( ! my/ical b5$iction is 
unkn[n to u8  ,s9ce ?is is 9 u1 does x n
 also1 by ! communication ( ,*ri/'s     
fle%1 cause ,*ri/ to dwell 9 u bodily8  
,& a little aft]3 ,:5ce we mu/ consid] t
 ,*ri/ is 9 u n only accord+ to ! habit1
 :i* we call love1 b also by natural    
p>ticipation1 etc4 ,we h cit$ ^!        
te/imonies1 n to und]take a discussion  
"h conc]n+ ?is subject1 = ,8 ,imp]ial   
,maje/y does n disapprove ( ?is article1
 b 9 ord] t all :o may read !m may ! m  
cle>ly p]ceive t we def5d ! doctr9e     
receiv$ 9 ! entire ,*ur*1 t 9 ! ,"l's   
,supp] ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ are truly 
& sub/antially pres5t1 & are truly t5d]$
 ) ^? ?+s :i* are se51 bread & w9e4  ,& 
we speak ( ! pres5ce ( ! liv+ ,*ri/ liv+
 body2 = we "k t dea? ha? no m dom9ion  
ov] ,him1 ,rom4 #f1 #i4     ,"p #ad     
,article ,,xi3 ,( ,confession4  ,!      
,elev5? ,article1 ,( ,reta9+ ,absolutism
 9 ! ,*ur*1 is approv$4  ,b !y add a    
correction 9 ref]5ce to confession1     
namely1 t ! regulation head$1 ,omnis    

,utriusque1 be obs]v$1 & t bo? annual   
confession be made1 &1 al?\gh all s9s _c
 be enum]at$1 nev]!less dilig5ce be     
employ$ 9 ord] t !y be recollect$1 & ^? 
:i* c be recall$ be rec\nt$4  ,conc]n+  
?is entire article1 we w speak at great]
 l5g? aft] a :ile1 :5 we w expla9 our   
entire op9ion conc]n+ rep5tance4  ,x is 
well kn[n t we h s elucidat$ & extoll$ t
 we h prea*$1 writt51 & taught 9 a mann]
 s ,*ri/ian1 correct1 & pure ! b5efit ( 
absolution & ! p[] ( ! keys t _m        
di/ress$ consci5ces h d]iv$ consolation 
f our doctr9e1 aft] !y he>d t x is !    
comm& ( ,god1 nay1 r ! v voice ( !      
,gospel1 t we %\ld believe ! absolution1
 & reg>d x z c]ta9 t ! remission ( s9s  
is freely grant$ u = ,*ri/'s sake1 & t  
we %\ld believe t by ?is fai? we are    
truly reconcil$ to ,god z ?\gh we he>d a
 voice f heav54  ,?is belief has        
enc\rag$ _m godly m9ds1 &1 9 ! beg9n+1  
br\ght ,lu!r ! highe/ comm5dation f all 
good m51 s9ce x %[s consci5ces sure &   
firm consolation because previ\sly !    

entire p[] ( absolution entire necess>y 
doctr9e ( rep5tance _h be5 kept         
suppress$ by doctr9es conc]n+ works1    
s9ce ! sophi/s & monks taught no?+ (    
fai? & free remission b po9t$ m5 to _!  
own works1 f :i* no?+ b despair ent]s   
al>m$ consci5ces4  ,b ) respect to ! "t1
 c]ta9ly mo/ m5 9 our *ur*es use !      
,sacram5ts1 absolution & ! ,"l's ,supp]1
 frequ5tly 9 a ye>4  ,& ^? :o tea* ( !  
wor? & fruits ( ! ,sacram5ts speak 9 su*
 a mann] z to invite ! p to use !       
,sacram5ts frequ5tly4  ,= conc]n+ ?is   
subject !re are _m ?+s extant writt5 by 
our !ologians 9 su* a mann] t !         
adv]s>ies1 if !y are good m51 w         
und\bt$ly approve & praise !m4          
,excommunication is also pron\nc$ aga9/ 
! op5ly wick$ ^? :o live 9 manife/      
vices1 =nication1 adult]y1 etc4 & !     
despis]s ( ! ,sacram5ts4  ,^! ?+s are   
?us done bo? accord+ to ! ,gospel &     
accord+ to ! old canons4  ,b a fix$ "t  
is n prescrib$1 because all are n ready 
9 l mann] at ! same "t4  ,yea1 if all   

are to come at ! same "t1 !y _c be he>d 
& in/ruct$ 9 ord] s dilig5tly4  ,& ! old
 canons & ,fa!rs d n appo9t a fix$ "t4  
,! canon speaks only ?us3 ,if any ent] !
 ,*ur* & be f\nd nev] to commune1 let !m
 be admoni%$ t1 if !y d n commune1 !y   
come to rep5tance4  ,if !y commune if !y
 wi% to be reg>d$ z ,*ri/ians1 let !m n 
be expell$2 if !y fail to d s1 let !m be
 excommunicat$4 ,*ri/ ,paul says1 ,i    
,cor4 #aa1 #bi1 t ^? :o eat unwor?ily   
eat judgm5t to !mselves4  ,! pa/ors1    
accord+ly1 d n compel ^? :o are n       
qualifi$ to use ! ,sacram5ts4  ,conc]n+ 
! enum]ation ( s9s 9 confession1 m5 are 
taught 9 su* a way z n to ensn>e _!     
consci5ces4  ,al?\gh x is ( advantage to
 accu/om inexp]i5c$ m5 to enum]ate "s   
?+s :i* worry !m1 9 ord] t !y may be ! m
 readily taught1 yet we are n[ discuss+ 
:at is necess>y accord+ to div9e ,law4  
,!re=e1 ! adv]s>ies ought n to cite = u 
! regulation ,omnis ,utriusque1 :i* is n
 unkn[n to u1 b !y ought to %[ f ! div9e
 ,law t an enum]ation ( s9s is necess>y 

= obta9+ _! remission4  ,! entire ,*ur*1
 ?r\gh\t all ,europe1 kn[s :at sort (   
sn>es ?is po9t ( ! regulation1 :i*      
comm&s t all s9s be confess$1 has ea/ ^u
 consci5ces4 ,nei!r has ! text by itself
 z mu* disadvantage z 0 aft]w>ds add$ by
 ! ,summi/s1 :o collect ! circum/ances (
 ! s9s4 ,:at labyr9?s 7 !re6  ,h[ great 
a torture = ! be/ m9ds6 ,= ! lic5ti\s & 
pr(ane 7 9 no way mov$ by ^! in/rum5ts (
 t]ror4  ,aft]w>ds :at trag$ies :at     
jeal\sy & hatr$ did ! que/ions conc]n+  
"o's own prie/ excite among ! pa/ors &  
bre?r5 monks ( v>i\s ord]s1 :o !n 7 by  
no means bre?r5 :5 !y 7 w>r+ conc]n+    
jurisdiction ( confessions6 = all       
bro!rl9ess1 all fri5d%ip1 ceas$1 :5 ! "q
 0 conc]n+ au?ority & confessor's fees4 
,we1 !re=e1 believe t1 accord+ to div9e 
,law1 ! enum]ation ( s9s is n necess>y4 
,?is also is pleas+ to ,panormitanus & v
 _m o!r le>n$ jurisconsults4  ,nor d we 
wi% to impose necessity ^u ! consci5ces 
( our p by ! regulation ,omnis          
,utriusque1 ( :i* we judge1 j z ( o!r   

human traditions1 t !y are n acts (     
wor%ip necess>y = ju/ification4  ,& ?is 
regulation comm&s an impossible matt]1 t
 we %\ld confess all s9s4  ,x is evid5t1
 h[ev]1 t mo/ s9s we nei!r rememb] nor  
und]/& nor d we inde$ ev5 see ! greate/ 
s9s1 accord+ to ,ps4 #ai1 #ac3 ,:o c    
und]/& 8 errors8  ,if ! pa/ors are good 
m51 !y w "k h[ f> x is ( advantage to   
exam9e ! "y & o!rwise inexp]i5c$ p]sons 
b we d n wi% to sanction ! torture !    
tyranny ( consci5ces ( ! ,summi/s1 :i*  
not)/&+ w\ld h be5 less intol]able if !y
 _h add$ "o ^w conc]n+ fai?1 :i* com=ts 
& enc\rages consci5ces4  ,n[1 conc]n+   
?is fai? :i* obta9s ! remission ( s9s1  
!re is n a syllable 9 s great a mass (  
regulations1 glosses1 summ>ies1 books ( 
confession4 ,*ri/ is n[h]e read !re4    
,nobody w !re read a ^w by :i* he c\ld  
le>n to "k ,*ri/1 or :at ,*ri/ is4 ,only
 ! li/s ( s9s are read to ! end ( ga!r+ 
& accumulat+ s9s1 & ?is w\ld be ( "s    
value if !y und]/ood ^? s9s :i* ,god    
reg>ds z su*4  ,& ! great] "p is occupi$

 ) s9s aga9/ human traditions1 & ?is is 
mo/ va94  ,?is doctr9e has =c$ to       
despair _m godly m9ds1 :i* 7 n able to  
f9d re/1 because !y believ$ t by div9e  
,law an enum]ation 0 necess>y1 & yet !y 
exp]i5c$ t x 0 impossible4  ,b o!r      
faults ( no less mom5t inh]e 9 ! doctr9e
 ( ! adv]s>ies conc]n+ rep5tance1 :i* we
 w n[ rec\nt4     ,"p #ae   ,article    
,,xii 7,v73 ,( ,rep5tance4  ,9 ! ,twelf?
 ,article !y approve ( ! fir/ "p1 9 :i* 
we set =? t su* z h fall5 aft] baptism  
may obta9 remission ( s9s at :atev] "t1 
& z (t5 z !y are conv]t$4  ,!y condemn !
 second "p1 9 :i* we say t ! p>ts (     
rep5tance are contrition & fai? a       
p5it5t1 contrite he>t1 & fai?1 namely t 
,i receive ! =giv5ess ( s9s ?r\gh ,*ri/4
  ,he>1 n[1 :at x is t ! adv]s>ies d5y4 
,!y )\t %ame d5y t fai? is ! second "p (
 rep5tance4  ,:at are we to d "h1 ,o    
,*>les1 ?\ mo/ inv9cible ,emp]or8  ,! v 
voice ( ! ,gospel is ?is1 t by fai? we  
obta9 ! remission ( s9s4  ,?is ^w is n  
our ^w b ! voice & ^w ( ,jesus ,*ri/1   

our ,savior4 ,?is voice ( ! ,gospel ^!  
writ]s ( ! ,confutation condemn4  ,we1  
!re=e1 c 9 no way ass5t to !            
,confutation4 ,we _c condemn ! voice ( !
 ,gospel1 s salut>y & ab\nd+ 9          
consolation4  ,:at else is ! d5ial t by 
fai? we obta9 remission ( s9s ?an to    
treat ! blood & dea? ( ,*ri/ ) scorn8   
,we !re=e besee* !e1 ,o ,*>les mo/      
inv9cible ,emp]or1 pati5tly & dilig5tly 
to he> & exam9e ?is mo/ important       
subject1 :i* conta9s ! *ief topic ( !   
,gospel1 & ! true k ( ,*ri/1 & ! true   
wor%ip ( ,god ^! great1 mo/ exalt$ &    
important matt]s :i* conc]n our own s\ls
 & consci5ces yea1 also ! entire fai? ( 
,*ri/ians1 ! entire ,gospel1 ! k (      
,*ri/1 & :at is highe/ & greate/1 n only
 9 ?is p]i%able1 b also 9 ! future life3
 ! ev]la/+ welf>e or p]dition ( u all   
be=e ,god4  ,= all good m5 w asc]ta9 t  
especially on ?is subject we h taught   
?+s t are true1 godly1 salut>y1 &       
necess>y = ! :ole ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ ?+s ( ! 
greate/ significance to all pi\s he>ts 9

 ! entire ,*ri/ian ,*ur* on :i* _! :ole 
salvation & welf>e dep5ds1 & )\t        
in/ruction on :i* !re c be or rema9 no  
m9i/ry1 no ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4  ,!y w       
asc]ta9 f ! writ+s ( our !ologians t v  
mu* light has be5 add$ to ! ,gospel1 &  
_m p]nici\s errors h be5 correct$1 by   
:i*1 ?r\gh ! op9ions ( ! s*ola/ics &    
canoni/s1 ! doctr9e ( rep5tance 0       
previ\sly cov]$4  ,be=e we come to !    
def5se ( our position1 we mu/ say ?is   
fir/3 ,all good m5 ( all ranks1 & also (
 ! !ological rank und\bt$ly confess t   
be=e ! writ+s ( ,lu!r appe>$1 ! doctr9e 
( rep5tance 0 v mu* confus$4  ,! books (
 ! ,s5t5ti>ies are extant1 9 :i* !re are
 innum]able que/ions :i* no !ologians 7 
ev] able to expla9 satisfactorily4  ,! p
 7 able nei!r to compreh5d ! sum ( !    
matt]1 nor to see :at ?+s especially 7  
requir$ 9 rep5tance1 :]e peace (        
consci5ce 0 to be s\ght =4  ,let any "o 
( ! adv]s>ies come & tell u :5 remission
 ( s9s takes place4  ,o good ,god1 :at  
d>kness !re is6  ,!y d\bt :e!r x is 9   

attrition or 9 contrition t remission ( 
s9s occurs4  ,& if x occurs on acc\nt ( 
contrition1 :at ne$ is !re ( absolution1
 :at does ! p[] ( ! keys effect1 if s9s 
h be5 already remitt$8 ,"h1 inde$1 !y   
also labor mu* m1 & wick$ly detract f ! 
p[] ( ! keys4  ,"s dream t by ! p[] ( ! 
keys guilt is n remitt$1 b t et]nal     
puni%m5ts are *ang$ into temporal4  ,?us
 ! mo/ salut>y p[] w\ld be ! m9i/ry1 n (
 life & ! ,_s1 b only ( wra? &          
puni%m5ts4  ,o!rs1 namely1 ! m cauti\s  
imag9e t by ! p[] ( ! keys s9s are      
remitt$ be=e ! ,*ur* & n be=e ,god4     
,?is also is a p]nici\s error4  ,= if ! 
p[] ( ! keys does n console u be=e ,god1
 :at1 !n1 w pacify ! consci5ce8  ,/ill m
 involv$ is :at foll[s4  ,!y tea* t by  
contrition we m]it grace4  ,9 ref]5ce to
 :i*1 if any "o %\ld ask :y ,saul &     
,judas & simil> p]sons1 :o 7 dreadfully 
contrite1 did n obta9 grace1 ! answ] 0  
to be tak5 f fai? & accord+ to !        
,gospel1 t ,judas did n believe1 t he   
did n support himself by ! ,gospel &    

promise ( ,*ri/4  ,= fai? %[s !         
di/9ction betwe5 ! contrition ( ,judas &
 ( ,pet]4  ,b ! adv]s>ies take _! answ] 
f ! ,law1 t ,judas did n love ,god1 b   
fe>$ ! puni%m5ts4  ,is n ?is tea*+      
unc]ta9 & improp] ?+s conc]n+ rep5tance8
 ,:51 h[ev]1 w a t]rifi$ consci5ce1     
especially 9 ^? s]i\s1 true1 & great    
t]rors :i* are describ$ 9 ! psalms & !  
prophets1 & :i* ^? c]ta9ly ta/e :o are  
truly conv]t$1 be able to decide :e!r x 
fe>s ,god = ,8 own sake out ( love x    
fe>s ,god1 z its ,god1 or is flee+ f    
et]nal puni%m5ts8  ,^! p may n h        
exp]i5c$ mu* ( ^! anxieties1 because !y 
juggle words & make di/9ctions accord+  
to _! dreams4  ,b 9 ! he>t :5 ! te/ is  
appli$1 ! matt] turns out q diff]5tly1 &
 ! consci5ce _c be set at re/ ) paltry  
syllables & words4 ,^! great emotions c 
be di/+ui%$ 9 lett]s & t]ms2 !y are n   
?us sep>at$ 9 fact1 z ^! sweet sophi/s  
dream4  ,"h we appeal to ! judgm5ts (   
all good & wise m5 :o also desire to "k 
! tru?4  ,!y und\bt$ly w confess t ^!   

discussions 9 ! writ+s ( ! adv]s>ies are
 v confus$ & intricate4  ,& nev]!less ! 
mo/ important subject is at /ake1 ! *ief
 topic ( ! ,gospel1 ! remission ( s9s4  
,?is entire doctr9e conc]n+ ^! que/ions 
:i* we h review$1 is1 9 ! writ+s ( !    
adv]s>ies1 full ( errors & hypocrisy1 & 
obscures ! b5efit ( ,*ri/1 ! p[] ( !    
keys1 & ! righte\sness ( fai? to        
inexpressible injury ( consci5ce4  ,^!  
?+s occur 9 ! fir/ act4  ,:at :5 !y come
 to confession8  ,:at a "w !re is 9 !   
endless enum]ation ( s9s :i* is         
nev]!less1 9 great "p1 devot$ to ^?     
aga9/ human traditions6  ,& 9 ord] t    
good m9ds may by ?is means be ! m       
tortur$1 !y falsely ass]t t ?is         
enum]ation is ( div9e "r4  ,& :ile !y   
dem& ?is enum]ation "u ! pretext ( div9e
 "r1 9 ! mean "t !y speak coldly conc]n+
 absolution :i* is truly ( div9e "r4    
,!y falsely ass]t t ! ,sacram5t itself  
conf]s grace ex op]e op]ato )\t a good  
disposition on ! "p ( ! "o us+ x2 no    
m5tion is made ( fai? appreh5d+ !       

absolution & consol+ ! consci5ce4  ,?is 
is truly :at is g5]ally call$ api5ai pro
 tohn mu/ehriohn dep>t+ be=e ! my/]ies4 
,su* p are call$ g5u9e ,jews4  ,! ?ird  
act ( ?is play rema9s1 conc]n+          
satisfactions4  ,b ?is conta9s ! mo/    
confus$ discussions4  ,!y imag9e t      
et]nal puni%m5ts are commut$ to !       
puni%m5ts ( purgatory1 & tea* t a "p (  
^! is remitt$ by ! p[] ( ! keys1 & t a  
"p is to be r$eem$ by means (           
satisfactions4  ,!y add fur!r t         
satisfactions ought to be works (       
sup]]ogation1 & !y make ^! consi/ ( mo/ 
fooli% obs]vances1 su* z pilgrimages1   
ros>ies1 or simil> obs]vances :i* d n h 
! comm& ( ,god4  ,!n1 j z !y r$eem      
purgatory by means ( satisfactions1 s a 
s*eme ( r$eem+ satisfactions :i* 0 mo/  
abundant 9 rev5ue :i* became q a        
pr(itable1 lucrative bus9ess & a gr&    
fair 0 devis$4  ,= !y sell )\t %ame     
indulg5ces :i* !y int]pret z remissions 
( satisfactions4  ,& ?is rev5ue ?is     
traffick+1 ?is fair1 conduct$ s         

%amelessly is n only f ! liv+1 b is mu* 
m ample f ! dead4  ,nor d !y r$eem !    
satisfactions ( ! dead only by          
indulg5ces1 b also by ! sacrifice ( !   
,mass4 ,9 a ^w1 ! subject (             
satisfactions is inf9ite4  ,among ^!    
sc&als 7= we _c enum]ate all ?+s7 &     
doctr9es ( devils lies buri$ ! doctr9e (
 ! righte\sness ( fai? 9 ,*ri/ & !      
b5efit ( ,*ri/4  ,:]e=e1 all good m5    
und]/& t ! doctr9e ( ! sophi/s &        
canoni/s conc]n+ rep5tance has be5      
c5sur$ = a useful & godly purpose4  ,= !
 foll[+ dogmas are cle>ly false1 & =eign
 n only to ,holy ,scripture1 b also to !
 ,*ur* ,fa!rs3-,i4 ,t f ! div9e cov5ant 
we m]it grace by good works wr\ght )\t  
grace4  ,,ii4 ,t by attrition we m]it   
grace4  ,,iii4 ,t = ! blott+ out ( s9 ! 
m]e dete/ation ( ! crime is suffici5t4  
,,iv4 ,t on acc\nt ( contrition1 & n by 
fai? 9 ,*ri/1 we obta9 remission ( s9s4 
,v4 ,t ! p[] ( ! keys avails = !        
remission ( s9s1 n be=e ,god1 b be=e !  
,*ur*4  ,,vi4 ,t by ! p[] ( ! keys s9s  

are n remitt$ be=e ,god1 b t ! p[] ( !  
keys has be5 in/itut$ to commute et]nal 
to temporal puni%m5ts1 to impose ^u     
consci5ces c]ta9 satisfactions1 to      
in/itute new acts ( wor%ip1 & to        
obligate consci5ces to su* satisfactions
 & acts ( wor%ip4  ,,vii4 ,t accord+ to 
div9e "r ! enum]ation ( (f5ses 9        
confession1 conc]n+ :i* ! adv]s>ies     
tea*1 is necess>y4  ,,viii4 ,t canonical
 satisfactions are necess>y = r$eem+ !  
puni%m5t ( purgatory1 or !y pr(it z a   
comp5sation = ! blott+ out ( guilt4  ,= 
?us un9=m$ p]sons und]/& x4 ,=1 al?\gh 9
 ! s*ools satisfactions are made to     
apply only to ! puni%m5t1 ev]ybody ?9ks 
t remission ( guilt is !reby m]it$4     
,,ix4 ,t ! reception ( ! sacram5t (     
rep5tance ex op]e op]ato1 )\t a good    
disposition on ! "p ( ! "o us+ x1 i4e41 
)\t fai? 9 ,*ri/1 obta9s grace4  ,x4 ,t 
by ! p[] ( ! keys our s\ls are fre$ f   
purgatory ?r\gh indulg5ces  ,,xi4 ,t 9 !
 res]vation ( cases n only canonical    
puni%m5t1 b ! guilt also1 ought to be   

res]v$ 9 ref]5ce to "o :o is truly      
conv]t$4  ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to deliv] pi\s
 consci5ces f ^! labyr9?s ( ! sophi/s1  
we h ascrib$ to rep5tance or conv]sion  
^! two p>ts1 namely1 contrition & fai?4 
,if any "o desires to add a ?ird namely1
 fruits wor?y ( rep5tance1 i4e41 a *ange
 ( ! entire life & "* = ! bett] good    
works :i* %all & mu/ foll[ conv]sion1 we
 w n make any opposition4  ,f contrition
 we sep>ate ^? idle & inf9ite           
discussions1 z to :5 we grieve f love ( 
,god1 & :5 f fe> ( puni%m5t4  ,= ^! are 
no?+ b m]e words & a useless babbl+ (   
p]sons :o h nev] exp]i5c$ ! /ate ( m9d (
 a t]rifi$ consci5ce4 ,b we say t       
contrition is ! true t]ror ( consci5ce1 
:i* feels t ,god is angry ) s91 & :i*   
grieves t x has s9n$4  ,& ?is contrition
 takes place 9 ?is mann] :5 s9s are     
c5sur$ by ! ,^w ( ,god1 because ! sum ( 
! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel is ?is1 namely1 to 
convict ( s91 & to (f] = ,*ri/'s sake ! 
remission ( s9s & righte\sness1 & !     
,holy ,gho/1 & et]nal life1 & t z       

reg5]ate m5 we %\ld d good works4  ,?us 
,*ri/ comprises ! sum ( ! ,gospel :5 ,he
 says 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ,luke1 v4 #gd3 ,t 
rep5tance & remission ( s9s %\ld be     
prea*$ 9 ,my "n among all nations4  ,& (
 ^! t]rors ,scripture speaks1 z ,ps4    
#ch1 #d4 #h3 ,= m9e iniquities are gone 
ov] m9e head1 z a heavy burd5 !y are too
 heavy = me444,i am feeble & sore brok52
 ,i h ro>$ by reason ( ! disquietness ( 
,my he>t4  ,& ,ps4 #f1 #b4 #c3 ,h m]cy  
^u me1 ,o ,"l2 = ,i am weak2 ,o ,"l1    
heal me2 = my bones are vex$4  ,my s\l  
is also sore vex$2 b ,?\1 ,o ,"l h[     
long6  ,& ,is4 #ch1 #aj4ac3 ,i said 9 ! 
cutt+ (f ( my days1 ,i %all g to ! gates
 ( ! grave3 ,i am depriv$ ( ! residue ( 
my ye>s4444,i reckon$ till morn+ t1 z a 
lion1 s w ,he break all my bones4       
,aga91 v4 #ad3 ,m9e eyes fail ) look+   
upw>d2 #j ,"l1 ,i am oppress$4 ,9 ^!    
t]rors1 consci5ce feels ! wra? ( ,god   
aga9/ s91 :i* is unkn[n to secure m5    
walk+ accord+ to ! fle% z ! sophi/s & _!
 l4  ,x sees ! turpitude ( s91 & s]i\sly

 grieves t x has s9n$2 mean:ile x also  
flees f ! dreadful wra? ( ,god1 because 
human nature1 unless su/a9$ by ! ,^w (  
,god1 _c endure x4  ,?us ,paul says1    
,gal4 #b1 #ai3 ,i ?r\gh ! ,law am dead  
to ! ,law1 ,= ! ,law only accuses &     
t]rifies consci5ces4  ,9 ^! t]rors our  
adv]s>ies say no?+ ( fai?1 !y pres5t    
only ! ,^w1 :i* convicts ( s94 ,:5 ?is  
is taught alone1 x is ! doctr9e ( !     
,law1 n ( ! ,gospel4  ,by ^! griefs &   
t]rors1 !y say1 m5 m]it grace1 provid$  
!y love ,god4  ,b h[ w m5 love ,god 9   
true t]rors :5 !y feel ! t]rible &      
inexpressible wra? ( ,god ,:at else ?an 
despair d ^? tea* :o 9 ^! t]rors1       
display only ! ,law8  ,we !re=e add z ! 
second "p ( rep5tance1 ,( ,fai? 9 ,*ri/1
 t 9 ^! t]rors ! ,gospel conc]n+ ,*ri/  
ought to be set =? to consci5ces1 9 :i* 
,gospel ! remission ( s9s is freely     
promis$ conc]n+ ,*ri/4  ,!re=e1 !y ought
 to believe t = ,*ri/'s sake s9s are    
freely remitt$ to !m4  ,?is fai? *e]s1  
su/a9s1 & quick5s ! contrite1 accord+ to

 ,rom4 #e1 #a3 ,be+ ju/ifi$ by fai?1 we 
h peace ) ,god4  ,?is fai? obta9s !     
remission ( s9s4  ,?is fai? ju/ifies    
be=e ,god1 z ! same passage te/ifies3   
,be+ ju/ifi$ by fai?4  ,?is fai? %[s !  
di/9ction betwe5 ! contrition ( ,judas &
 ,pet]1 ( ,saul & ( ,david4  ,!         
contrition ( ,judas or ,saul is ( no    
avail1 = ! reason t to ?is !re is n add$
 ?is fai? :i* appreh5ds ! remission (   
s9s1 be/[$ z a gift = ,*ri/'s sake4     
,accord+ly1 ! contrition ( ,david or    
,pet] avails because to x !re is add$   
fai?1 :i* appreh5ds ! remission ( s9s   
grant$ = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,nei!r is love  
pres5t be=e reconciliation has be5 made 
by fai?4  ,= )\t ,*ri/ ! ,law ,god's    
,law or ! ,fir/ ,comm&m5t is n p]=m$1   
accord+ to ,eph4 #b1 #ah2 #c1ab ,rom4   
#e1 #b3 ,by ,*ri/ we h access to ,god4  
,& ?is fai? gr[s gradually & ?r\gh\t !  
entire life1 /ruggles ) s9 is te/$ by   
v>i\s temptations 9 ord] to ov]come s9 &
 dea?4 ,b love foll[s fai?1 z we h said 
above4  ,& ?us filial fe> c be cle>ly   

def9$ z su* anxiety z has be5 connect$ )
 fai?1 i4e41 :]e fai? consoles & su/a9s 
! anxi\s he>t4  ,x is s]vile fe> :5 fai?
 does n su/a9 ! anxi\s he>t fe> )\t     
fai?1 :]e !re is no?+ b wra? & d\bt4    
,moreov]1 ! p[] ( ! keys adm9i/]s &     
pres5ts ! ,gospel ?r\gh absolution1 :i* 
proclaims peace to me & is ! true voice 
( ! ,gospel4  ,?us we also comprise     
absolution :5 we speak ( fai?1 because  
fai? come? by he>+1 z ,paul says ,rom4  
#aj1 #ag4 ,= :5 ! ,gospel is he>d & !   
absolution i4e41 ! promise ( div9e grace
 is he>d1 ! consci5ce is enc\rag$ &     
receives consolation4  ,& because ,god  
truly quick5s ?r\gh ! ,^w1 ! keys truly 
remit s9s be=e ,god "h on e>? s9s are   
truly cancel$ 9 su* a mann] t !y are    
cancel$ also be=e ,god 9 heav5 accord+  
to ,luke #aj1aj3 ,he t he>e? y he>e? ,me
 ,:]e=e ! voice ( ! "o absolv+ mu/ be   
believ$ n o!rwise ?an we w\ld believe a 
voice f heav54  ,& absolution t bless$  
^w ( com=t prop]ly c be call$ a sacram5t
 ( rep5tance1 z also ! m le>n$ s*ola/ic 

!ologians speak4 ,mean:ile ?is fai? is  
n\ri%$ 9 a manifold way 9 temptations1  
?r\gh ! decl>ations ( ! ,gospel ! he>+ (
 s]mons1 read+ & ! use ( ! ,sacram5ts4  
,= ^! are seals & signs ( ! cov5ant &   
grace 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 i4e41 signs (  
propitiation & ! remission ( s9s4  ,!y  
(f]1 !re=e1 ! remission ( s9s1 z ! words
 ( ! ,"l's ,supp] cle>ly te/ify1 ,matt4 
#bf1 #bf4 #bh3 ,?is is ,my body1 :i* is 
giv5 = y4 ,?is is ! cup ( ! ,new        
,te/am5t1 etc4 ,?us fai? is conceiv$ &  
/r5g!n$ ?r\gh absolution1 ?r\gh ! he>+ (
 ! ,gospel1 ?r\gh ! use ( ! ,sacram5ts1 
s t x may n succumb :ile x /ruggles ) ! 
t]rors ( s9 & dea?4  ,?is me?od (       
rep5tance is pla9 & cle>1 & increases ! 
wor? ( ! p[] ( ! keys & ( ! ,sacram5ts1 
& illum9es ! b5efit ( ,*ri/1 & tea*es u 
to avail ourselves ( ,*ri/ z ,m$iator & 
,propitiator4  ,b z ! ,confutation      
condemns u = hav+ assign$ ^! two p>ts to
 rep5tance1 we mu/ %[ t n we1 b         
,scripture expresses ^! z ! *ief p>ts 9 
rep5tance or conv]sion4  ,= ,*ri/ says  

,matt4 #aa1 #bh3 ,come unto ,me1 all ye 
t labor & are heavy lad51 & ,i w give y 
re/4  ,"h !re are two memb]s4 ,! labor &
 ! burd5 signify ! contrition1 anxiety1 
& t]rors ( s9 & ( dea?4  ,to come to    
,*ri/ is to believe t s9s are remitt$ = 
,*ri/'s sake1 :5 we believe1 our he>ts  
are quick5$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ ?r\gh ! ,^w
 ( ,*ri/4  ,"h1 !re=e1 !re are ^! two   
*ief p>ts1 contrition & fai?4  ,& 9 ,m>k
 #a1 #ae ,*ri/ says3 ,rep5t ye & believe
 ! ,gospel1 :]e 9 ! fir/ memb] ,he      
convicts ( s9s1 9 ! latt] ,he consoles  
u1 & %[s ! remission ( s9s4  ,= to      
believe ! ,gospel is n t g5]al fai? :i* 
devils also h is n only to believe !    
hi/ory ( ! ,gospel1 b 9 ! prop] s5se x  
is to believe t ! remission ( s9s has   
be5 grant$ = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,= ?is is   
reveal$ 9 ! ,gospel4  ,y see also "h t !
 two p>ts are jo9$1 contrition :5 s9s   
are reprov$ & fai?1 :5 x is said3       
,believe ! ,gospel4  ,if any "o %\ld say
 "h t ,*ri/ includes also ! fruits (    
rep5tance or ! entire new life1 we %all 

n diss5t4  ,= ?is suffices u1 t         
contrition & fai? are nam$ z ! *ief     
p>ts4  ,paul almo/ ev]y:]e1 :5 he       
describes conv]sion or r5ewal1          
designates ^! two p>ts1 mortification & 
quick5+1 z 9 ,col4 #b1 #aa3 ,9 :om also 
ye are circumcis$ ) ! circumcision made 
)\t h&s1 namely1 by putt+ (f ! body ( ! 
s9s ( ! fle%4  ,& aft]w>d1 v4 #ab3 ,:]e9
 also ye are ris5 ) ,him ?r\gh ! fai? ( 
! op]ation ( ,god4  ,"h are two p>ts4   
,( ^! two p>ts he speaks pla9ly ,rom4   
#f1 #b4 #d4 #aa1 t we are dead to s91   
:i* takes place by contrition & its     
t]rors1 & t we %\ld rise aga9 ) ,*ri/1  
:i* takes place :5 by fai? we aga9 obta9
 consolation & life4  ,& s9ce fai? is to
 br+ consolation & peace into !         
consci5ce1 accord+ to ,rom4 #e1 #a3 ,be+
 ju/ifi$ by fai?1 we h peace1 x foll[s t
 !re is fir/ t]ror & anxiety 9 !        
consci5ce4  ,?us contrition & fai? g    
side by side4 ,"o is putt+ (f ! body (  
s9s2 ! o!r is ! ris+ aga9 ?r\gh fai?4   
,nei!r ought ^! words1 mortification1   

quick5+1 putt+ (f ! body ( s9s1 ris+    
aga91 to be und]/ood 9 a ,platonic way1 
conc]n+ a feign$ *ange2 b mortification 
signifies true t]rors1 su* z ^? ( ! dy+1
 :i* nature c\ld n su/a9 unless x 7     
support$ by fai?4  ,s he names t z !    
putt+ (f ( ! body ( s9s :i* we ord9>ily 
call contrition1 because 9 ^! griefs !  
natural concupisc5ce is purg$ away4  ,& 
quick5+ ought n to be und]/ood z a      
,platonic fancy1 b z consolation :i*    
truly su/a9s life t is escap+ 9         
contrition4  ,"h1 !re=e1 are two p>ts3  
contrition & fai?4  ,= z consci5ce _c be
 pacifi$ except by fai?1 !re=e fai?     
alone quick5s1 accord+ to ! decl>ation1 
,hab4 #b1 #d2 ,rom4 #a1 #ag3 ,! j %all  
live by fai?4  ,& !n 9 ,col4 #b1 #ad x  
is said t ,*ri/ blots out ! h&writ+ :i* 
?r\gh ! ,law is aga9/ u4  ,"h also !re  
are two p>ts1 ! h&writ+ & ! blott+ out (
 ! h&writ+4 ,! h&writ+1 h[ev]1 is       
consci5ce1 convict+ & condemn+ u4 ,!    
,law1 moreov]1 is ! ^w :i* reproves &   
condemns s9s4 ,!re=e1 ?is voice :i*     

says1 ,i h s9n$ aga9/ ! ,"l1 z ,david   
says1 #b ,sam4 #ab1 #ac1 is ! h&writ+4  
,& wick$ & secure m5 d n s]i\sly give =?
 ?is voice4  ,= !y d n see1 !y d n read 
! s5t5ce ( ! ,law writt5 9 ! he>t4  ,9  
true griefs & t]rors ?is s5t5ce is      
p]ceiv$4  ,!re=e ! h&writ+ :i* condemns 
u is contrition itself4  ,to blot out ! 
h&writ+ is to expunge ?is s5t5ce by :i* 
we decl>e t we %all be condemn$1 & to   
engrave ! s5t5ce accord+ to :i* we "k t 
we h be5 fre$ f ?is condemnation4  ,b   
fai? is ! new s5t5ce1 :i* rev]ses ! =m] 
s5t5ce1 & gives peace & life to ! he>t4 
,h[ev]1 :at ne$ is !re to cite _m       
te/imonies s9ce !y are ev]y:]e obvi\s 9 
! ,scriptures8  ,ps4 #aah1 #ah3 ,! ,"l  
ha? *a/5$ me sore1 b ,he ha? n giv5 me  
ov] unto dea?4  ,ps4 #aai1 #bh3 ,my s\l 
melte? = heav9ess2 /r5g!n ,?\ me accord+
 unto ,?y ^w4  ,"h1 9 ! fir/ memb]1     
contrition is conta9$1 & 9 ! second !   
mode is cle>ly describ$ h[ 9 contrition 
we are reviv$1 namely1 by ! ,^w ( ,god  
:i* (f]s grace4  ,?is su/a9s & quick5s  

he>ts4  ,& #a ,sam4 #b1 #f ,! ,"l kille?
 & make? alive2 ,he br+e? d[n to ! grave
 & br+e? up4  ,by "o ( ^!1 contrition is
 signifi$1 by ! o!r1 fai? is signifi$4  
,& ,is4 #bh1 #ba3 ,! ,"l %all be wro? t 
,he may d ,8 "w1 ,8 /range "w1 & br+ to 
pass ,8 act1 ,8 /range act4  ,he calls x
 ! /range "w ( ! ,"l :5 ,he t]rifies    
because to quick5 & console is ,god's   
own "w4  ,o!r works1 z1 to t]rify & to  
kill1 are n ,god's own works1 = ,god    
only quick5s4 ,b ,he t]rifies1 he says1 
= ?is reason1 namely1 t !re may be a    
place = consolation & quick5+1 because  
he>ts t are secure & d n feel ! wra? (  
,god loa! consolation4  ,9 ?is mann]    
,scripture is accu/om$ to jo9 ^! two !  
t]rors & ! consolation1 9 ord] to tea* t
 9 rep5tance !re are ^! *ief memb]s1    
contrition1 & fai? t consoles &         
ju/ifies4 ,nei!r d we see h[ ! nature ( 
rep5tance c be pres5t$ m cle>ly &       
simply4  ,we "k ) c]ta9ty t ,god ?us    
works 9 ,8 ,*ri/ians 9 ! ,*ur*4  ,= !   
two *ief works ( ,god 9 m5 are ^!1 to   

t]rify1 & to ju/ify & quick5 ^? :o h be5
 t]rifi$4  ,into ^! two works all       
,scripture has be5 di/ribut$4  ,! "o "p 
is ! ,law1 :i* %[s1 reproves1 & condemns
 s9s4  ,! o!r "p is ! ,gospel1 i4e41 !  
promise ( grace be/[$ 9 ,*ri/1 & ?is    
promise is con/antly repeat$ 9 ! :ole ( 
,scripture1 fir/ hav+ be5 deliv]$ to    
,adam ,i w put enmity1 etc41 ,g54 #c1   
#ae1 aft]w>ds to ! patri>*s2 !n1 /ill m 
cle>ly proclaim$ by ! prophets2 la/ly1  
prea*$ & set =? among ! ,jews by ,*ri/ &
 dissem9at$ ov] ! entire _w by !        
apo/les4  ,= all ! sa9ts 7 ju/ifi$ by   
fai? 9 ?is promise1 & n by _! own       
attrition or contrition4  ,& ! examples 
h[ ! sa9ts became godly %[ likewise ^!  
two p>ts4  ,aft] 8 s9 ,adam is reprov$ &
 becomes t]rifi$1 ?is 0 contrition4     
,aft]w>d ,god promises grace1 & speaks (
 a future se$ 7! bless$ se$1 i4e41      
,*ri/71 by :i* ! k+dom ( ! devil1 dea?1 
& s9 w be de/roy$1 !re ,he (f]s !       
remission ( s9s4  ,^! are ! *ief ?+s4   
,= al?\gh ! puni%m5t is aft]w>ds add$1  

yet ?is puni%m5t does n m]it ! remission
 ( s94  ,& conc]n+ ?is k9d ( puni%m5t we
 %all speak aft] a :ile4  ,s ,david is  
reprov$ by ,na?an1 &1 t]rifi$1 he says1 
#b ,sam4 #ab1 #ac3 ,i h s9n$ aga9/ !    
,"l4  ,?is is contrition4  ,aft]w>d he  
he>s ! absolution3 ,! ,"l also ha? put  
away ?y s92 ?\ %alt n die4  ,?is voice  
enc\rages ,david1 & by fai? su/a9s1     
ju/ifies1 & quick5s him4  ,"h a puni%m5t
 is also add$1 b ?is puni%m5t does n    
m]it ! remission ( s9s4  ,nor are       
special puni%m5ts always add$1 b 9      
rep5tance ^! two ?+s ought always to    
exi/1 namely1 contrition & fai?1 z ,luke
 #g1 #cg4 #ch4 ,! woman1 :o 0 a s9n]1   
came to ,*ri/ weep+4  ,by ^! te>s !     
contrition is recogniz$4  ,aft]w>d %e   
he>s ! absolution3 ,?y s9s are =giv52 ?y
 fai? ha? sav$ !e2 g 9 peace4  ,?is is !
 second "p ( rep5tance1 namely1 fai?1   
:i* enc\rages & consoles h]4  ,f all ^! 
x is app>5t to godly read]s t we assign 
to rep5tance ^? p>ts :i* prop]ly belong 
to x 9 conv]sion1 or reg5]ation1 & !    

remission ( s94 ,wor?y fruits &         
puni%m5ts likewise1 pati5ce t we be     
will+ to be> ! cross & puni%m5ts1 :i*   
,god lays ^u ! old ,adam foll[          
reg5]ation & ! remission ( s94  ,= ?is  
reason we h m5tion$ ^! two p>ts1 9 ord] 
t ! fai? :i* we require 9 rep5tance (   
:i* ! sophi/s & canoni/s h all be5 sil5t
 might be ! bett] se54  ,& :at t fai? is
 :i* ! ,gospel proclaims c be bett]     
und]/ood :5 x is set ov] aga9/          
contrition & mortification4  ,b z !     
adv]s>ies expressly condemn our /atem5t 
t m5 obta9 ! remission ( s9s by fai?1 we
 %all add a few pro(s f :i* x w be      
und]/ood t ! remission ( s9s is obta9$ n
 ex op]e op]ato because ( contrition1 b 
by t special fai? by :i* an individual  
believes t s9s are remitt$ to him4 ,=   
?is is ! *ief article conc]n+ :i* we are
 cont5d+ ) our adv]s>ies1 & ! k ( :i* we
 reg>d especially necess>y to all       
,*ri/ians4  ,z1 h[ev]1 x appe>s t we h  
spok5 suffici5tly above conc]n+ ! same  
subject1 we %all "h be brief]4  ,= v    

closely relat$ are ! topics ( ! doctr9e 
( rep5tance & ! doctr9e ( ju/ification4 
,:5 ! adv]s>ies speak ( fai?1 & say t x 
prec$es rep5tance1 !y und]/& by fai?1 n 
t :i* ju/ifies1 b t :i*1 9 a g5]al way1 
believes t ,god exi/s1 t puni%m5ts h be5
 ?reat5$ to ! wick$ t !re is a hell1    
etc4 ,9 addition to ?is fai? we require 
t ea* "o believe t 8 s9s are remitt$ to 
him4  ,conc]n+ ?is special fai? we are  
disput+1 & we oppose x to ! op9ion :i*  
bids u tru/ n 9 ! promise ( ,*ri/1 b 9 !
 opus op]atum1 ( contrition1 confession1
 & satisfactions1 etc4 ,?is fai? foll[s 
t]rors 9 su* a mann] z to ov]come !m1 & 
r5d] ! consci5ce pacifi$4 ,to ?is fai?  
we ascribe ju/ification & reg5]ation1   
inasmu* z x frees f t]rors1 & br+s =? 9 
! he>t n only peace & joy1 b also a new 
life4  ,we ma9ta9 ) ! help ( ,god we    
%all def5d to et]nity & aga9/ all !     
gates ( hell t ?is fai? is truly        
necess>y = ! remission ( s9s1 &         
accord+ly place x among ! p>ts (        
rep5tance4  ,nor does ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/   

believe o!rwise1 al?\gh our adv]s>ies l 
mad dogs contradict u4  ,moreov]1 to    
beg9 )1 we ask ! adv]s>ies :e!r to      
receive absolution is a "p ( rep5tance1 
or n4  ,b if !y sep>ate x f confession z
 !y are subtile 9 mak+ ! di/9ction1 we d
 n see ( :at b5efit confession is )\t   
absolution4  ,if1 h[ev]1 !y d n sep>ate 
! receiv+ ( absolution f confession1 x  
is necess>y = !m to hold t fai? is a "p 
( rep5tance1 because absolution is n    
receiv$ except by fai?4  ,t absolution1 
h[ev] is n receiv$ except by fai? c be  
prov$ f ,paul1 :o tea*es ,rom4 #d1 #af1 
t ! promise _c be receiv$ except by     
fai?4  ,b absolution is ! promise ( !   
remission ( s9s no?+ else ?an ! ,gospel1
 ! div9e promise ( ,god's grace & favor4
  ,!re=e1 x necess>ily requires fai?4   
,nei!r d we see h[ he :o does n ass5t to
 x may be said to receive absolution4   
,& :at else is ! refusal to ass5t to    
absolution b *>g+ ,god ) falsehood1 ,if 
! he>t d\bts1 x reg>ds ^? ?+s :i* ,god  
promises z unc]ta9 & ( no acc\nt4       

,accord+ly1 9 #a ,john #e1 #aj x is     
writt53 ,he t believe? n ,god ha? made  
,him a li>1 because he believe? n !     
record t ,god gave ( ,8 ,son4           
,secondly1 we ?9k t ! adv]s>ies         
ackn[l$ge t ! remission ( s9s is ei!r a 
"p1 or ! end1 or1 to speak 9 _! mann]1 !
 t]m9us ad quem ( rep5tance4  ,= :at    
does rep5tance help if ! =giv5ess ( s9s 
be n obta9$8 ,!re=e t by :i* ! remission
 ( s9s is receiv$ is correctly add$ to !
 p>ts mu/ c]ta9ly be ! mo/ prom95t "p ( 
rep5tance4  ,x is v c]ta91 h[ev]1 t ev5 
?\gh all ! gates ( hell contradict u1   
yet ! remission ( s9s _c be receiv$     
except by fai? alone1 :i* believes t s9s
 are remitt$ = ,*ri/'s sake1 accord+ to 
,rom4 #c1 #be3 ,:om ,god ha? set =? to  
be a propitiation ?r\gh fai? 9 ,8 blood4
  ,likewise ,rom4 #e1 #b3 ,by :om also  
we h access by fai? unto grace1 etc4 ,= 
a t]rifi$ consci5ce _c set aga9/ ,god's 
wra? our works or our love1 b x is at   
l5g? pacifi$ :5 x appreh5ds ,*ri/ z     
,m$iator1 & believes ! promises giv5 =  

,8 sake4  ,= ^? :o dream t )\t fai? 9   
,*ri/ he>ts become pacifi$1 d n und]/&  
:at ! remission ( s9s is1 or h[ x came  
to u4 ,pet]1 #a ,ep4 #b1 #f1 cites f    
,is4 #di1 #bc1 & #bh1 #af3 ,he t        
believe? on ,him %all n be conf\nd$4  ,x
 is necess>y1 !re=e1 t hypocrites be    
conf\nd$1 :o are confid5t t !y receive !
 remission ( s9s because ( _! own works1
 & n because ( ,*ri/4  ,pet] also says 9
 ,acts #aj1 #dc3 ,to ,him give all !    
prophets witness t ?r\gh ,8 "n :osoev]  
believe? 9 ,him1 %all receive remission 
( s9s4  ,:at he says1 ?r\gh ,8 "n1 c\ld 
n be express$ m cle>ly & he adds3       
,:osoev] believe? 9 ,him4 ,?us1 !re=e1  
we receive ! remission ( s9s only ?r\gh 
! "n ( ,*ri/1 i4e41 = ,*ri/'s sake1 & n 
= ! sake ( any m]its & works ( our own4 
,& ?is occurs :5 we believe t s9s are   
remitt$ to u = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,our      
adv]s>ies cry out t !y are ! ,*ur*1 t !y
 are foll[+ ! cons5sus ( ! ,*ur* :at !  
,*ur* ca?olic univ]sal1 holds4  ,b ,pet]
 also "h cites 9 our issue ! cons5sus ( 

! ,*ur*3 ,to ,him give all ! prophets   
witness1 t ?r\gh ,8 "n1 :osoev] believe?
 9 ,him1 %all receive remission ( s9s1  
etc4 ,! cons5sus ( ! prophets is        
assur$ly to be judg$ z ! cons5sus ( !   
,*ur* univ]sal4  ,i v]ily ?9k t if all !
 holy prophets are unanim\sly agre$ 9 a 
decl>ation 7 s9ce ,god reg>ds ev5 a s+le
 prophet z an ine/imable treasure71 x   
w\ld also be a decree1 a decl>ation1 & a
 unanim\s /rong conclusion ( ! univ]sal1
 ca?olic1 ,*ri/ian1 holy ,*ur*1 & w\ld  
be ju/ly reg>d$ z su*4 ,we conc$e nei!r 
to ! ,pope nor to ! ,*ur* ! p[] to make 
decrees aga9/ ?is cons5sus ( ! prophets4
  ,b ! bull ( ,leo op5ly condemns ?is   
article1 ,( ! ,remission ( ,s9s & !     
adv]s>ies condemn x 9 ! ,confutation4 ,f
 :i* x is app>5t :at sort ( a ,*ur* we  
mu/ judge t ( ^! m5 to be1 :o n only by 
_! decrees c5sure ! doctr9e t we obta9 !
 remission ( s9s by fai?1 n on acc\nt ( 
our works1 b on acc\nt ( ,*ri/1 b :o    
also give ! comm& by =ce & ! sword to   
aboli% x1 & by e k9d ( cruelty l        

bloodh\nds to put to dea? good m5 :o ?us
 believe4  ,b !y h au?ors ( a great "n  
,scotus1 ,gabriel1 & ! l1 & passages ( !
 ,fa!rs :i* are cit$ 9 a mutilat$ =m 9 !
 decrees4  ,c]ta9ly1 if ! te/imonies are
 to be c\nt$1 !y w94  ,= !re is a v     
great cr[d ( mo/ trifl+ writ]s ^u !     
,s5t5tiae1 :o1 z ?\gh !y _h conspir$1   
def5d ^! figm5ts conc]n+ ! m]it (       
attrition & ( works1 & o!r ?+s :i* we h 
above rec\nt$4  ,aye1 x is true1 !y are 
all call$ tea*]s & au?ors1 b by _! s++ y
 c tell :at sort ( birds !y are4  ,^!   
au?ors h taught no?+ b philosophy1 & h  
kn[n no?+ ( ,*ri/ & ! "w ( ,god1 _!     
books %[ ?is pla9ly4 ,b le/ any "o be   
mov$ by ! multitude ( citations1 !re is 
no great weight 9 ! te/imonies ( ! lat] 
writ]s1 :o did n orig9ate _! own writ+s1
 b only1 by compil+ f ! writ]s be=e !m1 
transf]r$ ^! op9ions f "s books into    
o!rs4  ,!y h ex]cis$ no judgm5t1 b j l  
petty judges sil5tly h approv$ ! errors 
( _! sup]iors1 :i* !y h n und]/ood4     
,let u n1 !re=e1 hesitate to oppose ?is 

utt]ance ( ,pet]1 :i* cites ! cons5sus (
 ! prophets1 to ev] s _m legions ( !    
,s5t5ti>ies4  ,& to ?is utt]ance ( ,pet]
 ! te/imony ( ! ,holy ,gho/ is add$4  ,=
 ! text speaks ?us1 ,acts #aj1 #dd3     
,:ile ,pet] yet spake ^! words1 ! ,holy 
,gho/ fell on all !m :i* he>d ! ,^w4    
,!re=e1 let pi\s consci5ces "k t ! comm&
 ( ,god is ?is t !y believe t !y are    
freely =giv5 = ,*ri/'s sake1 & n = !    
sake ( our works4  ,& by ?is comm& (    
,god let !m su/a9 !mselves aga9/        
despair1 & aga9/ ! t]rors ( s9 & ( dea?4
  ,& let !m "k t ?is belief has exi/$   
among sa9ts f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,( ?is ! 
idle sophi/s "k little2 & ! bless$      
proclamation1 ! ,gospel1 :i* proclaims !
 =giv5ess ( s9s ?r\gh ! bless$ ,se$1 t  
is1 ,*ri/1 has f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w be5 !  
greate/ consolation & treasure to all   
pi\s k+s all prophets1 all believ]s4  ,=
 !y h believ$ 9 ! same ,*ri/ 9 :om we   
believe2 = f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w no sa9t has
 be5 sav$ 9 any o!r way ?an ?r\gh ! fai?
 ( ! same ,gospel4  ,= ,pet] cle>ly     

cites ! cons5sus ( ! prophets1 & !      
writ+s ( ! apo/les te/ify t !y believe !
 same ?+4 ,nor are te/imonies ( ! ,fa!rs
 want+4  ,= ,b]n>d says ! same ?+ 9     
words t are 9 no way obscure3 ,= x is   
necess>y fir/ ( all to believe t y _c h 
remission ( s9s except by ! indulg5ce ( 
,god1 b add yet t y believe also ?is1   
namely1 t ?r\gh ,him s9s are =giv5 !e4  
,?is is ! te/imony :i* ! ,holy ,gho/    
ass]ts 9 y\r he>t1 say+3 ,?y s9s are    
=giv5 !e4 ,= ?us ! apo/le judges t man  
is ju/ifi$ freely ?r\gh fai?4  ,^! words
 ( ,b]n>d %$ a wond]ful light ^u our    
cause1 because he n only requires t we 9
 a g5]al way believe t s9s are remitt$  
?r\gh m]cy b he bids u add special fai?1
 by :i* we believe t s9s are remitt$ ev5
 to u2 & he tea*es h[ we may be r5d]$   
c]ta9 conc]n+ ! remission ( s9s1 namely 
:5 our he>ts are enc\rag$ by fai?1 &    
become tranquil ?r\gh ! ,holy ,gho/4    
,:at m d ! adv]s>ies require8  ,b h[ n[1
 ye adv]s>ies8  ,is ,/4 ,b]n>d also a   
h]etic8 ,d !y /ill d>e d5y t by fai? we 

obta9 ! remission ( s9s1 or t fai? is a 
"p ( rep5tance8  ,?irdly1 ! adv]s>ies   
say t s9 is remitt$2 because an attrite 
or contrite p]son elicits an act ( love 
to ,god if we und]take f reason to love 
,god1 & by ?is act m]its to receive !   
remission ( s9s4  ,?is is no?+ b to tea*
 ! ,law1 ! ,gospel be+ blott$ out1 & !  
promise conc]n+ ,*ri/ be+ aboli%$4 ,= !y
 require only ! ,law & our works1       
because ! ,law dem&s love4  ,besides !y 
tea* u to be confid5t t we obta9        
remission ( s9s because ( contrition &  
love4  ,:at else is ?is ?an to put      
confid5ce 9 our works1 n 9 ! ,^w &      
promise ( ,god conc]n+ ,*ri/8  ,b if !  
,law be suffici5t = obta9+ ! remission (
 s9s1 :at ne$ is !re ( ! ,gospel8  ,:at 
ne$ is !re ( ,*ri/ if we obta9 remission
 ( s9s because ( our own "w8  ,we1 on ! 
o!r h& call consci5ces away f ! ,law to 
! ,gospel1 & f confid5ce 9 _! own works 
to confid5ce 9 ! promise & ,*ri/1       
because ! ,gospel pres5ts to u ,*ri/1 & 
promises freely ! remission ( s9s =     

,*ri/'s sake4  ,9 ?is promise x bids u  
tru/1 namely1 t = ,*ri/'s sake we are   
reconcil$ to ! ,fa!r1 & n = ! sake ( our
 own contrition or love4  ,= !re is no  
o!r ,m$iator or ,propitiator ?an ,*ri/4 
,nei!r c we d ! works ( ! ,law unless we
 h fir/ be5 reconcil$ ?r\gh ,*ri/4  ,&  
if we w\ld d any?+1 yet we mu/ believe t
 n = ! sake ( ^! works1 b = ! sake (    
,*ri/1 z ,m$iator & ,propitiator1 we    
obta9 ! remission ( s9s4  ,yea1 x is a  
reproa* to ,*ri/ & a repeal ( ! ,gospel 
to believe t we obta9 ! remission ( s9s 
on acc\nt ( ! ,law1 or o!rwise ?an by   
fai? 9 ,*ri/4  ,?is me?od also we h     
discuss$ above 9 ! *apt] ,(             
,ju/ification1 :]e we decl>$ :y we      
confess t m5 are ju/ifi$ by fai?1 n by  
love4 ,!re=e ! doctr9e ( ! adv]s>ies1 :5
 !y tea* t by _! own contrition & love  
m5 obta9 ! remission ( s9s1 & tru/ 9 ?is
 contrition & love1 is m]ely ! doctr9e (
 ! ,law & ( t1 too1 z n und]/ood :i* !y 
d n und]/& ) respect to ! k9d ( love    
t[>ds ,god :i* x dem&s1 j z ! ,jews     

look$ ^u ! veil$ face ( ,moses4  ,= let 
u imag9e t love is pres5t1 let u imag9e 
t works are pres5t1 yet nei!r love nor  
works c a propitiation = s9 or be ( z   
mu* value z ,*ri/4  ,& !y _c ev5 be     
oppos$ to ! wra? & judgm5t ( ,god1      
accord+ to ,ps4 #adc1 #b3 ,ent] n into  
judgm5t ) ,?y s]vant2 = 9 ,?y sight %all
 no man liv+ be ju/ifi$4 ,nei!r ought ! 
honor ( ,*ri/ to be transf]r$ to our    
works4  ,= ^! reasons ,paul cont5ds t we
 are n ju/ifi$ by ! ,law1 & he opposes  
to ! ,law ! promise ( ! remission ( s9s 
:i* is grant$ = ,*ri/'s sake & tea*es t 
we freely receive ! remission ( s9s =   
,*ri/'s sake4  ,paul calls u away f !   
,law to ?is promise4  ,^u ?is promise he
 bids u look & reg>d ! ,"l ,*ri/ our    
treasure1 :i* c]ta9ly w be void if we   
are ju/ifi$ by ! ,law be=e we are       
ju/ifi$ ?r\gh ! promise1 or if we obta9 
! remission ( s9s on acc\nt ( our own   
righte\sness4  ,b x is evid5t t !       
promise 0 giv5 u & ,*ri/ 0 t5d]$ to u = 
! v reason t we _c d ! works ( ! ,law4  

,!re=e x is necess>y t we are reconcil$ 
by ! promise be=e we d ! works ( ! ,law4
  ,! promise1 h[ev]1 is receiv$ only by 
fai?4  ,!re=e x is necess>y = contrite  
p]sons to appreh5d by fai? ! promise ( !
 remission ( s9s grant$ = ,*ri/'s sake1 
& to be confid5t t freely = ,*ri/'s sake
 !y h a reconcil$ ,fa!r4  ,?is is !     
mean+ ( ,paul1 ,rom4 #d1 #ac1 :]e he    
says3 ,!re=e x is ( fai? t x might be by
 grace1 to ! end ! promise might be     
sure4  ,& ,gal4 #c1 #bb3 ,! ,scripture  
ha? conclud$ all "u s91 t ! promise by  
fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ might be giv5 !m t  
believe1 i4e41 all are "u s91 nei!r c !y
 be fre$ o!rwise ?an by appreh5d+ by    
fai? ! promise ( ! remission ( s9s4     
,!re=e we mu/ by fai? accept ! remission
 ( s9s be=e we d ! works ( ! ,law1      
al?\gh1 z has be5 said above1 love      
foll[s fai?1 because ! reg5]ate receive 
! ,holy ,gho/1 & accord+ly beg9 to      
become fri5dly to ! ,law & to d ! works 
( ! ,law4  ,we w\ld cite m te/imonies if
 !y 7 n obvi\s to e godly read] 9 !     

,scriptures4  ,& we d n wi% to be too   
prolix1 9 ord] t ?is ease may be ! m    
readily se5 ?r\gh4 ,nei!r1 inde$1 is !re
 any d\bt t ! mean+ ( ,paul is :at we   
are def5d+1 namely1 t by fai? we receive
 ! remission ( s9s = ,*ri/'s sake1 t by 
fai? we ought to oppose to ,god's wra?  
,*ri/ z ,m$iator1 & n our works4  ,nei!r
 let godly m9ds be di/urb$1 ev5 ?\gh !  
adv]s>ies f9d fault ) ! judgm5ts (      
,paul4  ,no?+ is said s simply t x _c be
 di/ort$ by cavil+4  ,we "k t :at we h  
m5tion$ is ! true & g5u9e mean+ ( ,paul1
 we "k t ?is our belief br+s to godly   
consci5ces 9 agony ( dea? & temptation  
sure com=t1 )\t :i* no "o c 9 ,god's    
judgm5t4  ,!re=e let ^! ph>isaic op9ions
 ( ! adv]s>ies be reject$1 namely1 t we 
d n receive by fai? ! remission ( s9s1 b
 t x ought to be m]it$ by our love &    
works2 t we ought to oppose our love &  
our works to ! wra? ( ,god4  ,n ( !     
,gospel1 b ( ! ,law is ?is doctr9e1 :i* 
feigns t man is ju/ifi$ by ! ,law be=e  
he has be5 reconcil$ ?r\gh ,*ri/ to     

,god1 s9ce ,*ri/ says1 ,john #ae1 #e3 ,)
 out ,me1 ye c d no?+2 likewise3 ,i am !
 true ,v9e2 ye are ! bran*es4  ,b !     
adv]s>ies feign t we are bran*es1 n (   
,*ri/1 b ( ,moses4  ,= !y wi% to be     
ju/ifi$ by ! ,law1 & to (f] _! love &   
works to ,god be=e !y are reconcil$ to  
,god ?r\gh ,*ri/1 be=e !y are bran*es ( 
,*ri/4  ,paul1 on ! o!r h& :o is c]ta9ly
 a mu* great] tea*] ?an ! adv]s>ies1    
cont5ds t ! ,law _c be obs]v$ )\t ,*ri/4
  ,accord+ly1 9 ord] t we ^? :o truly   
feel & h exp]i5c$ s9 & angui% (         
consci5ce mu/ cl+ to ! promise ( grace1 
9 ord] t !y may be reconcil$ to ,god =  
,*ri/'s sake1 ! promise mu/ be receiv$  
be=e we d ! works ( ! ,law4  ,we ?9k t  
^! ?+s are suffici5tly cle> to godly    
consci5ces4  ,& h5ce !y w und]/& :y we h
 decl>$ above t m5 are ju/ifi$ by fai?1 
n by love1 because we mu/ oppose to     
,god's wra? n our love or works 7or tru/
 9 our love & works71 b ,*ri/ z ,m$iator
 = all our ability1 all our de$s &      
works1 are f> too weak to remove &      

appease ,god's wra?4  ,& we mu/ appreh5d
 ! promise ( ! remission ( s9s be=e we d
 ! works ( ! ,law4  ,la/ly1 :5 w        
consci5ce be pacifi$ if we receive      
remission ( s9s on ! gr\nd t we love1 or
 t we d ! works ( ! ,law8 ,= ! ,law w   
always accuse u1 because we nev] satisfy
 ,god's ,law4 ,j z ,paul says1 ,rom4 #d1
 #ae3 ,! ,law worke? wra?4  ,*ryso/om   
asks conc]n+ rep5tance1 ,:5ce are we    
made sure t our s9s are remitt$ u8  ,!  
adv]s>ies also1 9 _! ,s5t5ces1 ask      
conc]n+ ! same subject4  ,! "q1 v]ily1  
is wor? ask+ bless$ ! man t returns ! "r
 answ]4 ,?is _c be expla9$1 consci5ces  
_c be made tranquil1 unless !y "k t x is
 ,god's comm& & ! v ,gospel t !y %\ld be
 firmly confid5t t = ,*ri/'s sake s9s   
are remitt$ freely1 & t !y %\ld n d\bt t
 ^! are remitt$ to !m4  ,if any "o      
d\bts1 he *>ges1 z ,john says1 #a ,ep4  
#e1 #aj1 ! div9e promise ) falsehood4   
,we tea* t ?is c]ta9ty ( fai? is requir$
 9 ! ,gospel4  ,! adv]s>ies leave       
consci5ces unc]ta9 & wav]+4 ,consci5ces1

 h[ev] d no?+ f fai? :5 !y p]petually   
d\bt :e!r !y h remission4  ,= x is n    
possible t !re %\ld be re/1 or a quiet &
 peaceful consci5ce1 if !y d\bt :e!r    
,god be graci\s4  ,= if !y d\bt :e!r !y 
h a graci\s ,god1 :e!r !y are do+ "r1   
:e!r !y h =giv5ess ( s9s1 h[ c1 etc4 ,h[
 c !y 9 ?is d\bt call ^u ,god1 h[ c !y  
be confid5t t !y are he>d8  ,?us !      
entire life is )\t ,god fai? & )\t !    
true wor%ip ( ,god4  ,?is is :at ,paul  
says1 ,rom4 #ad1 #bc3 ,:atsoev] is n (  
fai? is s94  ,& because !y are con/antly
 occupi$ ) ?is d\bt1 !y nev] exp]i5ce   
:at fai? ,god or ,*ri/ is4  ,?us x comes
 to pass t !y ru% at la/ into despair   
die 9 d\bt1 )\t ,god1 )\t all k ( ,god4 
,su* is ! doctr9e ( ! adv]s>ies1 !      
doctr9e ( ! ,law1 ! annull+ ( ! ,gospel1
 ! doctr9e ( despair4  ,:]eby ,*ri/ is  
suppress$1 m5 are l$ into ov]:elm+ sorr[
 & torture ( consci5ce1 & f9ally1 :5    
temptation comes1 into despair4  ,let ,8
 ,imp]ial ,maje/y graci\sly consid] &   
well exam9e ?is matt]1 x does n conc]n  

gold or silv] b s\ls & consci5ces4 ,n[  
we are glad to ref] to all good m5 !    
judgm5t conc]n+ ?is topic ( rep5tance 7=
 x has no obscurity71 9 ord] t !y may   
decide :e!r we or ! adv]s>ies h taught  
^? ?+s :i* are m godly & heal?ful to    
consci5ces4  ,inde$1 ^! diss5sions 9 !  
,*ur* d n delight u2 :]e=e1 if we did n 
h great & necess>y reasons = diss5t+ f !
 adv]s>ies1 we w\ld ) ! greate/ pleasure
 be sil5t4  ,b n[1 s9ce !y condemn !    
manife/ tru?1 x is n "r = u to des]t a  
cause :i* is n our own1 b is t ( ,*ri/ &
 ! ,*ur*4  ,we _c ) fidelity to ,god &  
consci5ce d5y ?is bless$ doctr9e & div9e
 tru?1 f :i* we expect at la/1 :5 ?is   
poor temporal life ceases & all help (  
creatures fails1 ! only et]nal1 highe/  
consolation3 nor w we 9 any?+ rec$e f   
?is cause1 :i* is n only ours1 b t ( all
 ,*ri/5dom1 & conc]ns ! highe/ treasure1
 ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,we h decl>$ = :at      
reasons we assign$ to rep5tance ^! two  
p>ts1 contrition & fai?4  ,& we h done  
?is ! m readily because _m expressions  

conc]n+ rep5tance are publi%$ :i* are   
cit$ 9 a mutilat$ =m f ! ,fa!rs ,augu/9e
 & ! o!r anci5t ,fa!rs1 & :i* !         
adv]s>ies h di/ort$ 9 ord] to put fai?  
out ( sight4  ,su* are3 ,rep5tance is to
 lam5t pa/ evils1 & n to commit aga9    
de$s t ought to be lam5t$4 ,aga93       
,rep5tance is a k9d ( v5geance ( him :o 
grieves1 ?us puni%+ 9 himself :at he is 
sorry = hav+ committ$4  ,9 ^! passages  
no m5tion is made ( fai?4  ,& n ev5 9 ! 
s*ools1 :5 !y int]pret1 is any?+ add$   
conc]n+ fai?4  ,!re=e1 9 ord] t !       
doctr9e ( fai? might be ! m conspicu\s1 
we h enum]at$ x among ! p>ts (          
rep5tance4  ,= ! actual fact %[s t ^?   
passages :i* require contrition or good 
works1 & make no m5tion ( ju/ify+ fai?1 
are dang]\s z exp]i5ce proves4  ,&      
prud5ce c ju/ly be desir$ 9 ^? :o h     
collect$ ^! c5tos ( ! ,s5t5ces &        
decrees4  ,= s9ce ! ,fa!rs speak 9 "s   
places conc]n+ "o "p1 & 9 o!r places    
conc]n+ ano!r "p ( rep5tance1 x w\ld h  
be5 well to select & comb9e _! judgm5ts 

n only conc]n+ "o "p1 b conc]n+ bo?1    
i4e41 conc]n+ contrition & fai?4  ,=    
,t]tullian speaks excell5tly conc]n+    
fai?1 dwell+ ^u ! oa? 9 ! prophet1      
,ezek4 #cc1 #aa3 ,z ,i live1 sai? ! ,"l 
,god1 ,i h no pleasure 9 ! dea? ( !     
wick$1 b t ! wick$ turn f 8 way & live4 
,= z ,god swe>s t ,he does n wi% ! dea? 
( a s9n]1 ,he %[s t fai? is requir$1 9  
ord] t we may believe ! "o swe>+1 & be  
firmly confid5t t ,he =gives u4  ,!     
au?ority ( ! div9e promises ought by    
itself to be great 9 our e/imation4  ,b 
?is promise has also be5 confirm$ by an 
oa?4  ,!re=e1 if any "o be n confid5t t 
he is =giv51 he d5ies t ,god has sworn  
:at is true1 ?an :i* a m horrible       
blasphemy _c be imag9$4  ,= ,t]tullian  
speaks ?us3 ,he invites by rew>d to     
salvation1 ev5 swe>+4  ,say+1 ,i live1  
,he desires t ,he be believ$4  ,oh1     
bless$ we1 = ^: sake ,god swe>s6  ,oh1  
mo/ mis]able if we believe n ! ,"l ev5  
:5 ,he swe>s6  ,b "h we mu/ "k t ?is    
fai? ought to be confid5t t ,god freely 

=gives u = ! sake ( ,*ri/1 = ! sake ( ,8
 own promise1 n = ! sake ( our works1   
contrition1 confession1 or              
satisfactions4  ,= if fai? relies ^u ^! 
works1 x imm$iately becomes unc]ta91    
because ! t]rifi$ consci5ce sees t ^!   
works are unwor?y4  ,accord+ly1 ,ambrose
 speaks admirably conc]n+ rep5tance3    
,!re=e x is prop] = u to believe bo? t  
we are to rep5t1 & t we are to be       
p>don$1 b s z to expect p>don z f fai?1 
:i* obta9s x z f a h&writ+4  ,aga93 ,x  
is fai? :i* cov]s our s9s4  ,!re=e !re  
are s5t5ces extant 9 ! ,fa!rs1 n only   
conc]n+ contrition & works1 b also      
conc]n+ fai?4  ,b ! adv]s>ies1 s9ce !y  
und]/& nei!r ! nature ( rep5tance nor ! 
language ( ! ,fa!rs1 select passages    
conc]n+ a "p ( rep5tance1 namely1       
conc]n+ works2 !y pass ov] ! decl>ations
 made else:]e conc]n+ fai?1 s9ce !y d n 
und]/& !m4     ,"p #af   ,article ,,vi3 
,( ,confession & ,satisfaction4  ,good  
m5 c easily judge t x is ( ! greate/    
importance t ! true doctr9e conc]n+ !   

abovem5tion$ p>ts1 namely1 contrition & 
fai?1 be pres]v$4  ,= ! great fraud (   
indulg5ces1 etc41 & ! prepo/]\s doctr9es
 ( ! sophi/s h suffici5tly taught u :at 
great vexation & dang] arise !refrom if 
a f\l /roke is "h made4  ,h[ _m a godly 
consci5ce "u ! ,papacy s\ght ) great    
labor ! true way1 & 9 ! mid/ ( su*      
d>kness did n f9d x6 ,!re=e1 we h always
 be5 occupi$ m ) ! elucidation ( ^!     
topics1 & h disput$ no?+ z yet conc]n+  
confession & satisfaction4  ,= we also  
reta9 confession1 especially on acc\nt (
 ! absolution1 z be+ ! ^w ( ,god :i*1 by
 div9e au?ority1 ! p[] ( ! keys         
pron\nces ^u individuals4  ,!re=e x w\ld
 be wick$ to remove private absolution f
 ! ,*ur*4  ,nei!r d !y und]/& :at !     
remission ( s9s or ! p[] ( ! keys is1 if
 !re are any :o despise private         
absolution4  ,b 9 ref]5ce to !          
enum]ation ( (f5ses 9 confession1 we h  
said above t we hold t x is n necess>y  
by div9e "r4  ,= ! objection1 made by   
"s1 t a judge ought to inve/igate a ease

 be=e he pron\nces ^u x1 p]ta9s 9 no way
 to ?is subject2 because ! m9i/ry (     
absolution is favor or grace1 x is n a  
legal process1 or law4  ,= ,god is !    
,judge1 :o has committ$ to ! apo/les1 n 
! (fice ( judges1 b ! adm9i/ration (    
grace namely1 to acquit ^? :o desire1   
etc4 ,!re=e m9i/]s 9 ! ,*ur* h ! comm&  
to remit s91 !y h n ! comm& to          
inve/igate secret s9s4  ,& inde$1 !y    
absolve f ^? t we d n rememb]2 = :i*    
reason absolution1 :i* is ! voice ( !   
,gospel remitt+ s9s & consol+           
consci5ces1 does n require judicial     
exam9ation4  ,& x is ridicul\s to       
transf] hi!r ! say+ ( ,solomon1 ,prov4  
#bg1 #bc3 ,be ?\ dilig5t to "k ! /ate ( 
?y flocks4  ,= ,solomon says no?+ (     
confession1 b gives to ! fa!r ( a family
 a dome/ic precept1 t he %\ld use :at is
 8 own1 & ab/a9 f :at is ano!r's1 & he  
comm&s him to take c>e ( 8 own prop]ty  
dilig5tly1 yet 9 su* a way t1 ) 8 m9d   
occupi$ ) ! increase ( 8 res\rces1 he   
%\ld n ca/ away ! fe> ( ,god1 or fai? or

 c>e 9 ,god's ,^w4  ,b our adv]s>ies1 by
 a wond]ful metamorphosis1 trans=m      
passages ( ,scripture to :atev] mean+ !y
 please4  ,!y produce f ! ,scriptures   
black & :ite1 z !y please1 contr>y to ! 
natural mean+ ( ! cle> words4 ,"h to "k 
signifies ) !m to he> confessions1 !    
/ate1 n ! outw>d life1 b ! secrets (    
consci5ce2 & ! flocks signify m54       
,sable1 we ?9k means a s*ool )9 :i* !re 
are su* doctors & orators4  ,b x has    
happ5$ aright to ^? :o ?us despise !    
,holy ,scriptures & all f9e arts t !y   
make gross mi/akes 9 gramm>4 ,!         
int]pretation is assur$ly neat1 & is    
wor?y ( ^! despis]s ( ! pursuits (      
eloqu5ce4  ,b if any "o desires by a    
similitude to transf] a precept f a fa!r
 ( a family to a pa/or ( a ,*ur*1 he    
ought c]ta9ly to int]pret /ate ,v4      
vultus1 c\nt5ance z apply+ to ! outw>d  
life4  ,?is similitude w be m consi/5t4 
,b let u omit su* matt]s z ^!4  ,at     
diff]5t times 9 ! ,psalms m5tion is made
 ( confession1 z1 ,ps4 #cb1 #e3 ,i said1

 ,i w confess my transgressions unto !  
,"l2 & ,?\ =gave/ ! iniquity ( my s94   
,su* confession ( s9 :i* is made to ,god
 is contrition itself4  ,= :5 confession
 is made to ,god1 x mu/ be made ) ! he>t
 n alone ) ! voice1 z is made on ! /age 
by actors4  ,!re=e1 su* confession is   
contrition1 9 :i*1 feel+ ,god's wra?1 we
 confess t ,god is ju/ly angry1 & t ,he 
_c be appeas$ by our works1 & nev]!less 
we seek = m]cy because ( ,god's promise4
  ,su* is ! foll[+ confession1 ,ps4 #ea1
 #d3 ,aga9/ ,!e only h ,i s9n$1 t ,?\   
mighte/ be ju/ifi$ & be cle> :5 ,?\     
judge/1 i4e41 ,i confess t ,i am a s9n]1
 & h m]it$ et]nal wra?1 nor c ,i set my 
righte\snesses1 my m]its1 aga9/ ,?y     
wra?2 accord+ly1 ,i decl>e t ,?\ art j  
:5 ,?\ condemne/ & puni%e/ u1 ,i decl>e 
t ,?\ art cle> :5 hypocrites judge ,!e  
to be unju/ 9 puni%+ !m or 9 condemn+ ! 
well-des]v+4  ,yea1 our m]its _c be     
oppos$ to ,?y judgm5t b we %all ?us be  
ju/ifi$1 namely1 if ,?\ ju/ifie/ u1 if  
?r\gh ,?y m]cy ,?\ acc\nte/ u righte\s4 

,p]haps "s "o may also cite ,jas4 #e1   
#af3 ,confess y\r faults "o to ano!r4   
,b "h ! ref]5ce is n to confession t is 
to be made to ! prie/s1 b1 9 g5]al1     
conc]n+ ! reconciliation ( bre?r5 to ea*
 o!r4  ,= x comm&s t ! confession be    
mutual4  ,aga91 our adv]s>ies w condemn 
_m mo/ g5]ally receiv$ tea*]s if !y w   
cont5d t 9 confession an enum]ation (   
(f5ses is necess>y accord+ to div9e     
,law4  ,= al?\gh we approve (           
confession1 & judge t "s exam9ation is (
 advantage 9 ord] t m5 may be ! bett]   
in/ruct$ "y & inexp]i5c$ p]sons be      
que/ion$1 yet ! matt] mu/ be s controll$
 t sn>es are n ca/ ^u consci5ces1 :i*   
nev] w be tranquil if !y ?9k t !y _c    
obta9 ! remission ( s9s unless ?is      
precise enum]ation be made4  ,t :i* !   
adv]s>ies h express$ 9 ! ,confutation is
 c]ta9ly mo/ false1 namely1 t a full    
confession is necess>y = salvation4 ,=  
?is is impossible4  ,& :at sn>es !y "h  
ca/ ^u ! consci5ce :5 !y require a full 
confession6  ,= :5 w consci5ce be sure t

 ! confession is complete8  ,9 !        
,*ur*-writ]s m5tion is made (           
confession1 b !y d n speak ( ?is        
enum]ation ( secret (f5ses1 b ( ! rite (
 public rep5tance4  ,= z ! fall5 or     
notori\s ^? guilty ( public crimes 7 n  
receiv$ )\t fix$ satisfactions )\t a    
public c]emony or repro(1 !y made       
confession on ?is acc\nt to ! presbyt]s1
 9 ord] t satisfactions might be        
prescrib$ to !m accord+ to ! measure (  
_! (f5ses4  ,?is entire matt] conta9$   
no?+ simil> to ! enum]ation conc]n+ :i* 
we are disput+4  ,?is confession 0 made1
 n because ! remission ( s9s be=e ,god  
c\ld n occur )\t x1 b because           
satisfactions c\ld n be prescrib$ unless
 ! k9d ( (f5se 7 fir/ kn[n4 ,= diff]5t  
(f5ses _h diff]5t canons4  ,& f ?is rite
 ( public rep5tance !re has be5 left !  
^w satisfaction4 ,= ! holy ,fa!rs 7     
unwill+ to receive ! fall5 or !         
notori\s1 unless z f> z x 0 possible1 _!
 rep5tance _h be5 fir/ exam9$ into &    
exhibit$ publicly4  ,& !re seem to h be5

 _m causes = ?is4  ,= to *a/ise ^? :o _h
 fall5 s]v$ z an example1 j z also !    
gloss ^u ! degrees admoni%es1 & x 0     
improp] imm$iately to admit notori\s m5 
to ! communion )\t _! be+ te/$4  ,^!    
cu/oms h long s9ce gr[n obsolete4       
,nei!r is x necess>y to re/ore !m1      
because !y are n necess>y = ! remission 
( s9s be=e ,god4  ,nei!r did ! ,fa!rs   
hold ?is1 namely1 t m5 m]it ! remission 
( s9s ?r\gh su* cu/oms or su* works1    
al?\gh ^! spectacles su* outw>d         
c]emonies usually lead a/ray ! ignorant 
to ?9k t by ^! works !y m]it ! remission
 ( s9s be=e ,god4  ,b if any "o ?us     
holds1 he holds to ! fai? ( a ,jew &    
hea!n4  ,= also ! hea!n _h c]ta9        
expiations = (f5ses ?r\gh :i* !y imag9$ 
to be reconcil$ to ,god4  ,n[1 h[ev]1   
al?\gh ! cu/om has become obsolete1 ! "n
 satisfaction /ill rema9s1 & a trace ( !
 cu/om also rema9s ( prescrib+ 9        
confession c]ta9 satisfactions1 :i* !y  
def9e z works t are n due4  ,we call !m 
canonical satisfactions4  ,( ^! we hold1

 j z ( ! enum]ation1 t canonical        
satisfactions ^! public c]emonies are n 
necess>y by div9e ,law = ! remission (  
s9s1 j z ^? anci5t exhibitions (        
satisfactions 9 public rep5tance 7 n    
necess>y by div9e ,law = ! remission (  
s9s4  ,= ! belief conc]n+ fai? mu/ be   
reta9$1 t by fai? we obta9 remission (  
s9s = ,*ri/'s sake1 & n = ! sake ( our  
works t prec$e or foll[ :5 we are       
conv]t$ or born anew 9 ,*ri/4  ,& = ?is 
reason we h discuss$ especially ! "q (  
satisfactions1 t by submitt+ to !m !    
righte\sness ( fai? be n obscur$1 or m5 
?9k t = ! sake ( ^! works !y obta9      
remission ( s9s4  ,& _m say+s t are     
curr5t 9 ! s*ools aid ! error1 su* z t  
:i* !y give 9 ! def9ition (             
satisfaction1 namely1 t x is wr\ght = ! 
purpose ( appeas+ ! div9e displeasure4  
,b1 nev]!less1 ! adv]s>ies ackn[l$ge t  
satisfactions are ( no pr(it = !        
remission ( guilt4  ,yet !y imag9e t    
satisfactions are ( pr(it 9 r$eem+ f !  
puni%m5ts1 :e!r ( purgatory or o!r      

puni%m5ts4  ,= ?us !y tea* t 9 !        
remission ( s9s1 ,god )\t means1 alone  
remits ! guilt1 & yet1 because x belongs
 to div9e ju/ice to puni% s91 t ,he     
commutes et]nal into temporal puni%m5t4 
,!y add fur!r t a "p ( ?is temporal     
puni%m5t is remitt$ by ! p[] ( ! keys1 b
 t ! re/ is r$eem$ by means (           
satisfactions4  ,nei!r c x be und]/ood (
 :at puni%m5ts a "p is remitt$ by ! p[] 
( ! keys1 unless !y say t a "p ( !      
puni%m5ts ( purgatory is remitt$1 f :i* 
x w\ld foll[ t satisfactions are only   
puni%m5ts r$eem+ f purgatory4  ,& ^!    
satisfactions1 !y say1 avail ev5 ?\gh !y
 are r5d]$ by ^? :o h relaps$ into      
mortal s91 z ?\gh inde$ ! div9e         
displeasure c\ld be appeas$ by ^? :o are
 9 mortal s94  ,?is entire matt] is     
fictiti\s1 & rec5tly fabricat$ )\t !    
au?ority ( ,scripture & ! old writ]s ( !
 ,*ur*4  ,& n ev5 ,longob>dus speaks 9  
?is way ( satisfactions4  ,! s*ola/ics  
saw t !re 7 satisfactions 9 ! ,*ur*2 &  
!y did n notice t ^! exhibitions _h be5 

in/itut$ bo? = ! purpose ( example1 & = 
te/+ ^? :o desir$ to be receiv$ by !    
,*ur*4  ,9 a ^w1 !y did n see t x 0 a   
discipl9e1 & entirely a secul> matt]4   
,accord+ly1 !y sup]/iti\sly imag9$ t ^! 
avail n = discipl9e be=e ! ,*ur*1 b =   
appeas+ ,god4  ,& j z 9 o!r places !y   
frequ5tly1 ) great inaptness1 h conf\nd$
 spiritual & civil matt]s ! k+dom (     
,*ri/1 :i* is spiritual1 & ! k+dom ( !  
_w1 & ext]nal discipl9e1 ! same happ5s  
also ) reg>d to satisfactions4  ,b !    
gloss on ! canons at v>i\s places       
te/ifies t ^! obs]vances 7 in/itut$ = ! 
sake ( *ur* discipl9e %\ld s]ve alone = 
an example be=e ! ,*ur*4  ,let u see1   
moreov]1 h[ 9 ! ,confutation :i* !y _h !
 presumption to obtrude ^u ,8 ,imp]ial  
,maje/y1 !y prove ^! figm5ts ( !irs4    
,!y cite _m passages f ! ,scriptures1 9 
ord] to impose ^u ! inexp]i5c$1 z ?\gh  
?is subject :i* 0 unkn[n ev5 9 ! "t (   
,longob>d1 _h au?ority f ! ,scriptures4 
,!y br+ =w>d su* passages z ^!3 ,br+ =?1
 !re=e1 fruits meet = rep5tance1 ,matt4 

#c1 #h1 ,m>k #a1 #ae4 ,aga93 ,yield y\r 
memb]s s]vants to righte\sness ,rom4 #f1
 #ai4 ,aga91 ,*ri/ prea*es rep5tance1   
,matt4 #d1 #ag3 ,rep5t4  ,aga91 ,*ri/   
,luke #bd1 #dg1 comm&s ! apo/les to     
prea* rep5tance1 & ,pet] prea*es        
rep5tance ,acts #b1 #ch4 ,aft]w>d !y    
cite c]ta9 passages ( ! ,fa!rs & !      
canons1 & conclude t satisfactions 9 !  
,*ur* are n to be aboli%$ contr>y to !  
pla9 ,gospel & ! decrees ( ! ,c\ncils & 
,fa!rs aga9/ ! decision ( ! ,holy ,*ur*2
 nay1 ev5 t ^? :o h be5 absolv$ by !    
prie/ ought to br+ to p]fection !       
rep5tance t has be5 enjo9$1 foll[+ !    
decl>ation ( ,paul1 ,titus #b1 #ad3 ,:o 
gave ,himself = u t ,he might r$eem u f 
all iniquity1 & purify unto ,himself a  
peculi> p1 zeal\s ( good works4  ,may   
,god put to confusion ^! godless sophi/s
 :o s wick$ly di/ort ,god's ,^w to _!   
own mo/ va9 dreams6  ,:at good man is   
!re :o is n mov$ by su* indignity8 ,*ri/
 says1 ,rep5t1 ! apo/les prea*          
rep5tance2 !re=e et]nal puni%m5ts are   

comp5sat$ by ! puni%m5ts ( purgatory2   
!re=e ! keys h ! p[] to remit "p ( !    
puni%m5ts ( purgatory2 !re=e            
satisfactions r$eem ! puni%m5ts (       
purgatory6  ,:o has taught ^! asses su* 
logic8  ,yet ?is is nei!r logic nor     
sophi/ry1 b cunn+ trick]y4  ,accord+ly1 
!y appeal to ! expression rep5t 9 su* a 
way t1 :5 ! inexp]i5c$ he> su* a passage
 cit$ aga9/ u !y may d]ive ! op9ion t we
 d5y ! entire rep5tance4  ,by ^! arts !y
 endeavor to ali5ate m9ds & to enk9dle  
hatr$1 s t ! inexp]i5c$ may cry out     
aga9/ u ,crucify6 crucify61 t su*       
pe/il5t h]etics z disapprove ( rep5tance
 %\ld be remov$ f _! mid/4  ,?us !y are 
publicly convict$ ( be+ li>s 9 ?is      
matt]4  ,b we hope t among good m5 ^!   
calumnies & misrepres5tations ( ,holy   
,scripture may make little headway4  ,& 
,god w n long endure su* impud5ce &     
wick$ness4  ,!y w c]ta9ly be consum$ by 
! ,fir/ & ,second ,comm&m5ts4 ,nei!r has
 ! ,pope ( ,rome consult$ well = 8 own  
dignity 9 employ+ su* patrons1 because  

he has entru/$ a matt] ( ! greate/      
importance to ! judgm5t ( ^! sophi/s4   
,= s9ce we include 9 ! ,confession almo/
 ! sum ( ! entire ,*ri/ian doctr9e1     
judges %\ld h be5 appo9t$ to make a     
decl>ation conc]n+ matt]s s important & 
s _m & v>i\s1 ^: le>n+ & fai? w\ld h be5
 m approv$ ?an t ( ^! sophi/s :o h      
writt5 ?is ,confutation4  ,x 0          
p>ticul>ly becom+ = y1 ,o ,campegius1 9 
accordance ) y\r wisdom1 to h tak5 c>e t
 9 reg>d to matt]s ( su* importance !y  
%\ld write no?+ :i* ei!r at ?is "t or ) 
po/]ity might seem to be able to dim9i% 
reg>d = ! ,roman ,see4  ,if ! ,roman    
,see judges x "r t all nations %\ld     
ackn[l$ge h] z mi/ress ( ! fai?1 %e     
ought to take pa9s t le>n$ & uncorrupt  
m5 make inve/igation conc]n+ matt]s (   
religion4  ,= :at w ! _w judge if at any
 "t ! writ+ ( ! adv]s>ies be br\ght to  
light8  ,:at w po/]ity judge conc]n+ ^! 
reproa*ful judicial inve/igations8  ,y  
see1 ,o ,campegius1 t ^! are ! la/      
times1 9 :i* ,*ri/ pr$ict$ t !re w\ld be

 ! greate/ dang] to religion4  ,y1      
!re=e1 :o ought1 z x 71 to sit on !     
wat*-t[] & control religi\s matt]s1 %\ld
 9 ^! times employ unusual wisdom &     
dilig5ce4  ,!re are _m signs :i*1 unless
 y he$ !m1 ?reat5 a *ange to ! ,roman   
/ate4  ,& y make a mi/ake if y ?9k t    
,*ur*es %\ld be reta9$ only by =ce &    
arms4  ,m5 ask to be taught conc]n+     
religion4  ,h[ _m d y suppose !re are1 n
 only 9 ,g]many1 b also 9 ,engl&1 9     
,spa91 9 ,france1 9 ,italy1 & f9ally ev5
 9 ! city ( ,rome1 :o1 s9ce !y see t    
controv]sies h aris5 conc]n+ ( ! greate/
 importance1 are beg9n+ "h & !re to     
d\bt1 & to be sil5tly indignant t y     
refuse to inve/igate & judge aright     
subjects ( su* weight z ^!2 t y d n     
deliv] wav]+ consci5ces2 t y only bid u 
be ov]?r[n & annihilat$ by arms8  ,!re  
are _m good m5 to :om ?is d\bt is m     
bitt] ?an dea?4  ,y d n consid]         
suffici5tly h[ great a subject religion 
is1 if y ?9k t good m5 are 9 angui% = a 
slight cause :5ev] !y beg9 to d\bt      

conc]n+ any dogma4  ,& ?is d\bt c h no  
o!r effect ?an to produce ! greate/     
bitt]ness ( hatr$ aga9/ ^? :o1 :5 !y    
ought to heal consci5ces1 plant !mselves
 9 ! way ( ! explanation ( ! subject4   
,we d n "h say t y ought to fe> ,god's  
judgm5t4  ,= ! hi]>*s ?9k t !y c easily 
provide aga9/ ?is1 = s9ce !y hold !     
keys1 ( c\rse !y c op5 heav5 = !mselves 
:5ev] !y wi%4  ,we are speak+ ( !       
judgm5ts ( m5 & ! sil5t desires ( all   
nations1 :i*1 inde$1 at ?is "t require t
 ^! matt]s be inve/igat$ & decid$ 9 su* 
a mann] t good m9ds may be heal$ & fre$ 
f d\bt4  ,=1 9 accordance ) y\r wisdom1 
y c easily decide :at w take place if at
 any "t ?is hatr$ aga9/ y %\ld break =?4
  ,b by ?is favor y w be able to b9d to 
y\rself all nations1 z all sane m5 reg>d
 x z ! highe/ & mo/ important matt]1 if 
y heal d\bt+ consci5ces4  ,we h said ^! 
?+s n because we d\bt conc]n+ our       
,confession4  ,= we "k t x is true1     
godly1 & useful to godly consci5ces4  ,b
 x is likely t !re are _m 9 _m places :o

 wav] conc]n+ matt]s ( no light         
importance1 & yet d n he> su* tea*]s z  
are able to heal _! consci5ces4  ,b let 
u return to ! ma9 po9t4  ,! ,scriptures 
cit$ by ! adv]s>ies speak 9 no way (    
canonical satisfactions1 & ( ! op9ions (
 ! s*ola/ics1 s9ce x is evid5t t ! latt]
 7 only rec5tly born4  ,!re=e x is pure 
sl&] :5 !y di/ort ,scripture to _! own  
op9ions4  ,we say t good fruits1 good   
works 9 e k9d ( life1 ought to foll[    
rep5tance1 i4e41 conv]sion or reg5]ation
 ! r5ewal ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! he>t4     
,nei!r c !re be true conv]sion or true  
contrition :]e mortifications ( ! fle% &
 good fruits d n foll[ if we d n        
ext]nally r5d] good works & ,*ri/ian    
pati5ce4  ,true t]rors1 true griefs (   
m9d1 d n all[ ! body to indulge 9 s5sual
 pleasures1 & true fai? is n ungrateful 
to ,god1 nei!r does x despise ,god's    
comm&m5ts4  ,9 a ^w1 !re is no inn]     
rep5tance unless x also produces        
outw>dly mortifications ( ! fle%4  ,we  
say also t ?is is ! mean+ ( ,john :5 he 

says1 ,matt4 #c1 #h3 ,br+ =?1 !re=e1    
fruits meet = rep5tance4 ,likewise (    
,paul :5 he says ,rom4 #f1 #ai3 ,yield  
y\r memb]s s]vants to righte\sness2 j z 
he likewise says else:]e1 ,rom4 #ab1 #a3
 ,pres5t y\r bodies a liv+ sacrifice1   
etc4 ,& :5 ,*ri/ says ,matt4 #d1 #ag3   
,rep5t1 ,he c]ta9ly speaks ( ! entire   
rep5tance1 ( ! entire newness ( life &  
its fruits1 ,he does n speak ( ^?       
hypocritical satisfactions :i*1 !       
s*ola/ics avail = comp5sat+ ! puni%m5t (
 purgatory or o!r puni%m5ts :5 !y are   
made by ^? :o are 9 mortal s94  ,_m     
argum5ts1 likewise1 c be collect$ to %[ 
t ^! passages ( ,scripture p]ta9 9 no   
way to s*ola/ic satisfactions4 ,^! m5   
imag9e t satisfactions are works t are n
 due :i* we are n oblig$ to d2 b        
,scripture1 9 ^! passages1 requires     
works t are due :i* we are oblig$ to d4 
,= ?is ^w ( ,*ri/1 ,rep5t1 is ! ^w ( a  
comm&m5t4  ,likewise ! adv]s>ies write t
 if any "o :o goes to confession %\ld   
refuse to und]take satisfactions1 he    

does n s91 b w pay ^! p5alties 9        
purgatory4  ,n[ ! foll[+ passages are1  
)\t controv]sy1 precepts p]ta9+ to ?is  
life3 ,rep5t2 ,br+ =? fruits meet =     
rep5tance2 ,yield y\r memb]s s]vants to 
righte\sness4  ,!re=e !y _c be di/ort$  
to ! satisfactions :i* x is p]mitt$ to  
refuse4  ,= to refuse ,god's comm&m5ts  
is n p]mitt$4  ,= ,god's comm&s are n   
?us left to our discretion4 ,?irdly1    
indulg5ces remit ^! satisfactions1 z is 
taught by ! ,*apt]1 ,de ,po5it5tiis et  
,remissione1 beg9n+ ,quum ex eo1 etc4 ,b
 indulg5ces d n free u f ! comm&m5ts3   
,rep5t2 ,br+ =? fruits meet = rep5tance4
 ,!re=e x is manife/ t ^! passages (    
,scripture h be5 wick$ly di/ort$ to     
apply to canonical satisfactions4  ,see 
fur!r :at foll[s4  ,if ! puni%m5ts (    
purgatory are satisfactions1 or         
satispassions suff]+s suffici5t1 or if  
satisfactions are a r$emption ( !       
puni%m5ts ( purgatory1 d ^! passages    
also give comm&m5t t s\ls be puni%$ 9   
purgatory8  ,! above-cit$ passages (    

,*ri/ & ,paul mu/ also %[ & prove t s\ls
 ent] purgatory & !re suff] pa94 ,s9ce  
?is mu/ foll[ f ! op9ions ( ! adv]s>ies1
 ^! passages %\ld be int]pret$ 9 a new  
way ^! passages %\ld put on new coats3  
,br+ =? fruits meet = rep5tance2 ,rep5t1
 i4e41 suff] ! puni%m5ts ( purgatory    
aft] ?is life4  ,b we d n c>e ab\t      
refut+ 9 m words ^! absurdities ( !     
adv]s>ies4  ,= x is evid5t t ,scripture 
speaks ( works t are due1 ( ! entire    
newness ( life1 & n ( ^! obs]vances (   
works t are n due1 ( :i* ! adv]s>ies    
speak4  ,& yet1 by ^! figm5ts !y def5d  
ord]s ( monks1 ! sale ( ,masses &       
inf9ite obs]vances1 namely1 z works :i*1
 if !y d n make satisfaction = guilt1   
yet make satisfaction = puni%m5t4       
,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! passages ( ,scripture   
cit$ d n say t et]nal puni%m5ts are to  
be comp5sat$ by works t are n due1 !    
adv]s>ies are ra% 9 affirm+ t ^!        
satisfactions are comp5sat$ by canonical
 satisfactions4  ,nor d ! keys h ! comm&
 to commute "s puni%m5ts1 & likewise to 

remit a "p ( ! puni%m5ts4  ,= :]e are   
su* ?+s dreams & lies read 9 !          
,scriptures8  ,*ri/ speaks ( ! remission
 ( s9s :5 ,he says ,matt4 #ah1 #ah3     
,:atsoev] ye %all loose1 etc4 i4e41 s9  
be+ =giv51 dea? et]nal is tak5 away1 &  
life et]nal be/[$4 ,nor does ,:atsoev]  
ye %all b9d speak ( ! impos+ (          
puni%m5ts1 b ( reta9+ ! s9s ( ^? :o are 
n conv]t$4 ,moreov]1 ! decl>ation (     
,longob>d conc]n+ remitt+ a "p ( !      
puni%m5ts has be5 tak5 f ! canonical    
puni%m5ts2 a "p ( ^! ! pa/ors remitt$4  
,al?\gh1 we hold t rep5tance ought to   
br+ =? good fruits = ! sake ( ,god's    
glory & comm&1 & good fruits1 true      
fa/+s1 true pray]s1 true alms1 etc41 h !
 comm&s ( ,god1 yet 9 ! ,holy           
,scriptures we n[h]e f9d ?is1 namely1 t 
et]nal puni%m5ts are n remitt$ except on
 acc\nt ( ! puni%m5t ( purgatory or     
canonical satisfactions1 i4e41 on acc\nt
 ( c]ta9 works n due1 or t ! p[] ( !    
keys has ! comm& to commute _! puni%m5ts
 or to remit a portion4  ,^! ?+s !      

adv]s>ies 7 to prove4  ,?is !y w n      
attempt4  ,besides1 ! dea? ( ,*ri/ is a 
satisfaction n only = guilt1 b also =   
et]nal dea?1 accord+ to ,hos4 #ac1 #ad3 
#j dea?1 ,i w be ?y dea?4  ,h[ mon/r\s1 
!re=e1 x is to say t ! satisfaction (   
,*ri/ r$eem$ f ! guilt1 & our puni%m5ts 
r$eem f et]nal dea?1 z ! expression1 ,i 
w be ?y dea?1 ought !n to be und]/ood1 n
 conc]n+ ,*ri/1 b conc]n+ our works1 &1 
inde$1 n conc]n+ ! works comm&$ by ,god1
 b conc]n+ "s frigid obs]vances devis$  
by m56  ,& ^! are said to aboli% dea?1  
ev5 :5 !y are wr\ght 9 mortal s94  ,x is
 incr$ible ) :at grief we recite ^!     
absurdities ( ! adv]s>ies1 :i* _c b     
cause "o :o consid]s !m to be enrag$    
aga9/ su* doctr9es ( demons1 :i* ! devil
 has spread 9 ! ,*ur* 9 ord] to suppress
 ! k ( ! ,law & ,gospel1 ( rep5tance &  
quick5+1 & ! b5efits ( ,*ri/4 ,= ( !    
,law !y speak ?us3 ,god1 condesc5d+ to  
our weakness1 has giv5 to man a measure 
( ^? ?+s to :i* ( necessity he is b\nd &
 ?is is ! obs]vance ( precepts1 s t f   

:at is left1 i4e41 f works (            
sup]]ogation1 he c r5d] satisfaction )  
ref]5ce to (f5ses t h be5 committ$4 ,"h 
m5 imag9e t !y c obs]ve ! ,law ( ,god 9 
su* a mann] z to be able to d ev5 m ?an 
! ,law exacts4  ,b ,scripture ev]y:]e   
exclaims t we are f> di/ant f !         
p]fection :i* ! ,law requires4  ,yet ^! 
m5 imag9e t ! ,law ( ,god has be5       
compris$ 9 outw>d & civil righte\sness2 
!y d n see t x requires true love to    
,god ) ! :ole he>t1 etc41 & condemns !  
entire concupisc5ce 9 ! nature4  ,!re=e 
no "o does z mu* z ! ,law requires4     
,h5ce _! imag9ation t we c d m is       
ridicul\s4  ,= al?\gh we c p]=m outw>d  
works n comm&$ by ,god's ,law :i* ,paul 
calls begg>ly ord9ances1 yet ! confid5ce
 t satisfaction is r5d]$ ,god's ,law    
yea1 t m is done ?an ,god dem&s is va9 &
 wick$4  ,& true pray]s1 true alms1 true
 fa/+s1 h ,god's comm&2 & :]e !y h      
,god's comm&1 !y _c )\t s9 be omitt$4   
,b ^! works1 9 s f> z !y h n be5 comm&$ 
by ,god's ,law1 b h a fix$ =m d]iv$ f   

human rule are works ( human traditions 
( :i* ,*ri/ says1 ,matt4 #ae1 #i3 ,9 va9
 !y d wor%ip ,me ) ! comm&m5ts ( m51 su*
 z c]ta9 fa/s appo9t$ n = re/ra9+ !     
fle%1 b t1 by ?is "w1 honor may be giv5 
to ,god1 z ,scotus says1 & et]nal dea?  
be made up =2 likewise1 a fix$ numb] (  
pray]s1 a fix$ measure ( alms :5 !y are 
r5d]$ 9 su* a way t ?is measure is a    
wor%ip ex op]e op]ato giv+ honor to     
,god1 & mak+ up = et]nal dea?4  ,= !y   
ascribe satisfaction to ^! ex op]e      
op]ato1 because !y tea* t !y avail ev5 9
 ^? :o are 9 mortal s94  ,!re are works 
:i* dep>t /ill f>!r f ,god's comm&s1 z  
ros>ies & pilgrimages2 & ( ^! !re is a  
great v>iety3 "o makes a j\rney to ,/4  
,jacob clad 9 mail1 & ano!r ) b>e feet4 
,*ri/ calls ^! va9 acts ( wor%ip1 & h5ce
 !y d n s]ve to appease ,god's          
displeasure1 z ! adv]s>ies say4  ,& yet 
!y adorn ^! works ) magnific5t titles2  
!y call !m works ( sup]]ogation1 to !m !
 honor is ascrib$ ( be+ a price paid    
in/ead ( et]nal dea?4  ,?us !y are      

pref]r$ to ! works ( ,god's comm&m5ts ! 
true works expressly m5tion$ 9 ! ,t5    
,comm&m5ts4  ,9 ?is way ! ,law ( ,god is
 obscur$ 9 two ways1 "o1 because        
satisfaction is ?\ght to be r5d]$ ,god's
 ,law by means ( outw>d & civil works1 !
 o!r1 because human traditions are add$ 
^: works are pref]r$ to ! works ( !     
div9e ,law4     ,"p #ag   ,9 ! second   
place1 rep5tance & grace are obscur$4   
,= et]nal dea? is n aton$ = by ?is      
comp5sation ( works because x is idle1 &
 does n 9 ! pres5t life ta/e ( dea?4    
,some?+ else mu/ be oppos$ to dea? :5 x 
tries u4  ,= j z ! wra? ( ,god is       
ov]come by fai? 9 ,*ri/1 s dea? is      
ov]come by fai? 9 ,*ri/4  ,j z ,paul    
says1 #a ,cor4 #af1 #fg3 ,b ?anks be to 
,god :i* give? u ! victory ?r\gh our ,"l
 ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,he does n say3 ,:o     
give? u ! victory if we oppose our      
satisfactions aga9/ dea?4 ,! adv]s>ies  
treat ( idle speculations conc]n+ !     
remission ( guilt1 & d n see h[ 9 !     
remission ( guilt1 ! he>t is fre$ by    

fai? 9 ,*ri/ f ,god's ang] & et]nal     
dea?4  ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! dea? ( ,*ri/ is a
 satisfaction = et]nal dea?1 & s9ce !   
adv]s>ies !mselves confess t ^! works ( 
satisfactions are works t are n due1 b  
are works ( human traditions1 ( :i*     
,*ri/ says1 ,matt4 #af1 #i1 t !y are va9
 acts ( wor%ip1 we c safely affirm t    
canonical satisfactions are n necess>y  
by div9e ,law = ! remission ( guilt1 or 
et]nal puni%m5t1 or ! puni%m5t (        
purgatory4  ,b ! adv]s>ies object t     
v5geance or puni%m5t is necess>y =      
rep5tance1 because ,augu/9e says t      
rep5tance is v5geance puni%+1 etc44  ,we
 grant t v5geance or puni%m5t is        
necess>y 9 rep5tance1 yet n z m]it or   
price1 z ! adv]s>ies imag9e t           
satisfactions are4  ,b v5geance is 9    
rep5tance =mally1 i4e41 because         
reg5]ation itself occurs by a p]petual  
mortification ( ! oldness ( life4  ,!   
say+ ( ,scotus may inde$ be v beautiful1
 t po5it5tia is s call$ because x is1 z 
x 71 po5ae t55tia1 hold+ to puni%m5t4   

,b ( :at puni%m5t1 ( :at v5geance1 does 
,augu/9e speak8  ,c]ta9ly ( true        
puni%m5t1 ( true v5geance1 namely1 (    
contrition1 ( true t]rors4  ,nor d we "h
 exclude ! outw>d mortifications ( !    
body1 :i* foll[ true grief ( m9d4  ,!   
adv]s>ies make a great mi/ake if !y     
imag9e t canonical satisfactions _!     
juggl]'s tricks1 ros>ies1 pilgrimages1 &
 su* l are m truly puni%m5ts ?an are    
true t]rors 9 ! he>t4  ,x is mo/ fooli% 
to di/ort ! "n ( puni%m5t to ^! frigid  
satisfactions1 & n to ref] !m to ^?     
horrible t]rors ( consci5ce ( :i* ,david
 says1 ,ps4 #ah1 #d2 #b ,sam4 #bb1 #e3  
,! sorr[s ( dea? compass$ me4  ,:o w\ld 
n r1 clad 9 mail & equipp$1 seek ! *ur* 
( ,james1 ! basilica ( ,pet]1 etc41 ?an 
be> t ineffable viol5ce ( grief :i*     
exi/s ev5 9 p]sons ( ord9>y lives1 if   
!re be true rep5tance8  ,b !y say t x   
belongs to ,god's ju/ice to puni% s94   
,he c]ta9ly puni%es x 9 contrition1 :5 9
 ^! t]rors ,he %[s ,8 wra?4  ,j z ,david
 indicates :5 he prays1 ,ps4 #f1 #a3 #j 

,"l1 rebuke me n 9 ,?9e ang]4  ,&       
,j]emiah1 #aj1 #bd3 #j ,"l1 correct me1 
b ) judgm5t2 n 9 ,?9e ang]1 le/ ,?\ br+ 
me to no?+4  ,"h inde$ ! mo/ bitt]      
puni%m5ts are spok5 (4  ,& ! adv]s>ies  
ackn[l$ge t contrition c be s great t   
satisfaction is n requir$4  ,contrition 
is !re=e m truly a puni%m5t ?an is      
satisfaction4  ,besides1 sa9ts are      
subject to dea?1 & all g5]al            
afflictions1 z ,pet] says1 #a ,ep4 #d1  
#ag3 ,= ! "t is come t judgm5t mu/ beg9 
at ! h\se ( ,god2 & if x fir/ beg9 at u1
 :at %all ! end be ( !m t obey n !      
,gospel ( ,god8  ,& al?\gh ^!           
afflictions are = ! mo/ "p ! puni%m5ts (
 s91 yet 9 ! godly !y h a bett] end1    
namely1 to ex]cise !m1 t !y may le>n    
amid/ trials to seek ,god's aid1 to     
ackn[l$ge ! di/ru/ ( _! own he>ts1 etc41
 z ,paul says ( himself1 #b ,cor4 #a1   
#i3 ,b we _h ! s5t5ce ( dea? 9          
ourselves1 t we %\ld n tru/ 9 ourselves1
 b 9 ,god :i* raise? ! dead4  ,& ,isaiah
 says1 #bf1 #af3 ,!y p\r$ out pray] :5  

,?y *a/5+ 0 ^u !m i4e41 afflictions are 
a discipl9e by :i* ,god ex]cises !      
sa9ts4  ,likewise afflictions are       
inflict$ because ( pres5t s91 s9ce 9 !  
sa9ts !y mortify & ext+ui% concupisc5ce1
 s t !y may be r5ew$ by ! ,_s1 z ,paul  
says1 ,rom4 #h1 #aj3 ,! body is dead    
because ( s91 i4 e41 x is mortifi$ m & m
 e day because ( pres5t s9 :i* is /ill  
left 9 ! fle%4  ,& dea? itself s]ves ?is
 purpose1 namely1 to aboli% ?is fle% (  
s91 t we may rise absolutely new4       
,nei!r is !re n[ 9 ! dea? ( ! believ]1  
s9ce by fai? he has ov]come ! t]rors (  
dea?1 t /+ & s5se ( wra? ( :i* ,paul    
speaks #a ,cor4 #ae1 #ef3 ,! /+ ( dea?  
is s92 & ! /r5g? ( s9 is ! ,law4  ,?is  
/r5g? ( s91 ?is s5se ( wra?1 is truly a 
puni%m5t z long z x is pres5t2 )\t ?is  
s5se ( wra?1 dea? is n prop]ly a        
puni%m5t4 ,moreov]1 canonical           
satisfactions d n belong to ^!          
puni%m5ts2 z ! adv]s>ies say t by ! p[] 
( ! keys a "p ( ! puni%m5ts is remitt$4 
,likewise1 accord+ to ^! v m51 ! keys   

remit ! satisfactions1 & ! puni%m5ts on 
acc\nt ( :i* ! satisfactions are made4  
,b x is evid5t t ! common afflictions   
are n remov$ by ! p[] ( ! keys4  ,& if  
!y wi% to be und]/ood conc]n+ puni%m5ts1
 :y d !y add t satisfaction is to be    
r5d]$ 9 purgatory8  ,!y oppose ! example
 ( ,adam1 & also ( ,david1 :o 0 puni%$ =
 8 adult]y4  ,f ^! examples !y d]ive !  
univ]sal rule t peculi> temporal        
puni%m5ts 9 ! remission ( s9s correspond
 to individual s9s4  ,x has be5 said    
be=e t sa9ts suff] puni%m5ts1 :i* are   
works ( ,god2 !y suff] contrition or    
t]rors1 !y also suff] o!r common        
afflictions4  ,?us1 = example1 "s suff] 
puni%m5ts ( _! own t h be5 impos$ by    
,god4  ,& ^! puni%m5ts p]ta9 9 no way to
 ! keys because ! keys nei!r c impose   
nor remit !m1 b ,god1 )\t ! m9i/ry ( !  
keys1 imposes & remits !m z ,he w4      
,nei!r does ! univ]sal rule foll[3 ,^u  
,david a peculi> puni%m5t 0 impos$1     
!re=e1 9 addition to common afflictions1
 !re is ano!r puni%m5t ( purgatory1 9   

:i* ea* degree corresponds to ea* s94   
,:]e does ,scripture tea* t we _c be    
fre$ f et]nal dea? except by !          
comp5sation ( c]ta9 puni%m5ts 9 addition
 to common afflictions8  ,b1 on ! o!r   
h&1 x mo/ frequ5tly tea*es t ! remission
 ( s9s occurs freely = ,*ri/'s sake1 t  
,*ri/ is ! ,victor ( s9 & dea?4 ,!re=e !
 m]it ( satisfaction is n to be pat*$ ^u
 ?is4 ,& al?\gh afflictions /ill rema91 
yet ,scripture int]prets ^! z !         
mortifications ( pres5t s9 to kill &    
humble ! old ,adam1 & n z ! comp5sations
 ( et]nal dea? or z prices = et]nal     
dea?4  ,job is excus$ t he 0 n afflict$ 
on acc\nt ( pa/ evil de$s1 !re=e        
afflictions are n always puni%m5ts or   
signs ( wra?4  ,yea1 t]rifi$ consci5ces 
are to be taught t o!r ends (           
afflictions are m important t !y %\ld   
le>n to reg>d tr\bles f> diff]5tly1     
namely1 z signs ( grace1 le/ !y ?9k t !y
 are reject$ by ,god :5 9 afflictions !y
 see no?+ b ,god's puni%m5t & ang]4  ,! 
o!r m important ends are to be consid]$ 

namely1 t ,god is do+ ,8 /range "w s t  
,he may he able to d ,8 own "w1 etc41 z 
,isaiah tea*es 9 a long disc\rse1 *ap4  
#bh4 ,& :5 ! disciples ask$ conc]n+ !   
bl9d man :o s9n$1 ,john #i1 #b4 #c1     
,*ri/ replies t ! cause ( 8 bl9dness is 
n s91 b t ! works ( ,god %\ld be made   
manife/ 9 him4  ,& 9 ,j]emiah1 #di1 #ab1
 x is said3 ,!y ^: judgm5t 0 n to dr9k (
 ! cup h assur$ly drunk54  ,?us !       
prophets & ,john ! ,bapti/ & o!r sa9ts 7
 kill$4 ,!re=e afflictions are n always 
puni%m5ts = c]ta9 pa/ de$s1 b !y are !  
works ( ,god1 int5d$ = our pr(it1 & t ! 
p[] ( ,god might be made m manife/ 9 our
 weakness h[ ,he c help 9 ! mid/ ( dea?4
  ,?us ,paul says1 #b ,cor4 #ab1 #e4 #i3
 ,! /r5g? ( ,god is made p]fect 9 my    
weakness4  ,!re=e1 because ( ,god's w1  
our bodies ought to be sacrifices1      
decl>e our ob$i5ce & pati5ce1 & n to    
comp5sate = et]nal dea?1 = :i* ,god has 
ano!r price namely1 ! dea? ( ,8 own     
,son4  ,& 9 ?is s5se ,gregory int]prets 
ev5 ! puni%m5t ( ,david :5 he says3 ,if 

,god on acc\nt ( t s9 _h ?reat5$ t he   
w\ld ?us be humbl$ by 8 son1 :y1 :5 ! s9
 0 =giv51 did ,he fulfil t :i* ,he _h   
?reat5$ aga9/ him8  ,! reply is t ?is   
remission 0 made t man might n be h9d]$ 
f receiv+ et]nal life1 b t ! example ( !
 ?reat5+ foll[$1 9 ord] t ! piety ( !   
man might be ex]cis$ & te/$ ev5 9 ?is   
humility4  ,?us also ,god inflict$ ^u   
man dea? ( body on acc\nt ( s91 & aft] !
 remission ( s9s ,he did n remove x1 = !
 sake ( ex]cis+ ju/ice namely1 9 ord] t 
! righte\sness ( ^? :o are sanctifi$    
might be ex]cis$ & te/$4  ,nor1 inde$1  
are common calamities z w>1 fam9e1 &    
simil> calamities1 prop]ly speak+1      
remov$ by ^! works ( canonical          
satisfactions1 i4e41 by ^! works ( human
 traditions1 :i*1 !y say1 avail ex op]e 
op]ato1 9 su* a way t1 ev5 ?\gh !y are  
wr\ght 9 mortal s91 yet !y r$eem f !    
puni%m5ts4 ,& ! adv]s>ies !mselves      
confess t !y impose satisfactions1 n on 
acc\nt ( su* common calamities b on     
acc\nt ( purgatory2 h5ce1 _!            

satisfactions are pure imag9ations &    
dreams4 ,& :5 ! passage ( ,paul1 #a     
,cor4 #aa1 #ca1 is cit$ aga9/ u3 ,if we 
w\ld judge ourselves1 we %\ld n be judg$
 by ! ,"l !y conclude !refrom t1 if we  
impose puni%m5t ^u ourselves1 ,god w    
judge u ! m graci\sly1 ! ^w to judge    
ought to be und]/ood ( ! entire         
rep5tance & due fruits1 n ( works :i*   
are n due4  ,our adv]s>ies pay ! p5alty 
= despis+ gramm> :5 !y und]/& to judge  
to be ! same z to make a pilgrimage clad
 9 mail to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,james1 or      
simil> works4  ,to judge signifies !    
entire rep5tance1 x signifies to condemn
 s9s4  ,?is condemnation truly occurs 9 
contrition & ! *ange ( life4  ,! entire 
rep5tance1 contrition1 fai?1 ! good     
fruits1 obta9 ! mitigation ( public &   
private puni%m5ts & calamities1 z       
,isaiah tea*es *ap4 #a1 #ag1 #ai3 ,cease
 to d evil2 le>n to d well1 etc4 ,?\gh  
y\r s9s be z sc>let1 !y %all be :ite z  
sn[4  ,if ye be will+ & ob$i5t1 ye %all 
eat ! good ( ! l&4  ,nei!r %\ld a mo/   

important & salut>y mean+ be transf]r$ f
 ! entire rep5tance1 & f works due or   
comm&$ by ,god1 to ! satisfactions &    
works ( human traditions4  ,& ?is x is  
pr(itable to tea* t common evils are    
mitigat$ by our rep5tance & by ! true   
fruits ( rep5tance1 by good works wr\ght
 f fai?1 n1 z ^! m5 imag9e1 wr\ght 9    
mortal s94  ,& "h belongs ! example ( ! 
,n9evites1 ,jonah #c1 #aj1 :o by _!     
rep5tance 7we speak ( ! entire          
rep5tance7 7 reconcil$ to ,god1 & obta9$
 ! favor t _! city 0 n de/roy$4         
,moreov]1 ! mak+ m5tion1 by ! ,fa!rs1 ( 
satisfaction1 & ! fram+ ( canons by !   
c\ncils1 we h said above 0 a matt] (    
*ur*-discipl9e in/itut$ on acc\nt ( !   
example4 ,nor did !y hold t ?is         
discipl9e is necess>y = ! remission ei!r
 ( ! guilt or ( ! puni%m5t4  ,= if "s ( 
!m made m5tion ( purgatory1 !y int]pret 
x n z comp5sation = et]nal puni%m5t :i* 
only ,*ri/ makes1 n z satisfaction1 b z 
purification ( imp]fect s\ls4  ,j z     
,augu/9e says t v5ial daily (f5ses are  

consum$ i4e41 di/ru/ t[>ds ,god & o!r   
simil> dispositions are mortifi$4  ,n[ &
 !n ! writ]s transf] ! t]m satisfaction 
f ! rite itself or spectacle1 to signify
 true mortification4  ,?us ,augu/9e     
says3 ,true satisfaction is to cut (f ! 
causes ( s91 i4e41 to mortify ! fle%1   
likewise to re/ra9 ! fle%1 n 9 ord] t   
et]nal puni%m5ts may be comp5sat$ = b s 
t ! fle% may n allure to s94  ,?us      
conc]n+ re/itution1 ,gregory says t     
rep5tance is false if x does n satisfy  
^? ^: prop]ty we h tak54  ,= he :o /ill 
/eals does n truly grieve t he has /ol5 
or robb$4  ,= he is a ?ief or robb]1 s  
long z he is ! unju/ possessor ( !      
prop]ty ( ano!r4  ,?is civil            
satisfaction is necess>y1 because x is  
writt5 ,eph4 #d1 #bh3 ,let him t /ole1  
/eal no m4 ,likewise ,*ryso/om says3 ,9 
! he>t1 contrition2 9 ! m\?1 confession2
 9 ! "w1 entire humility4  ,?is am\nts  
to no?+ aga9/ u4  ,good works ought to  
foll[ rep5tance1 x ought to be          
rep5tance1 n simulation1 b a *ange ( !  

entire life = ! bett]4  ,likewise1 !    
,fa!rs wrote t x is suffici5t if once 9 
life ?is public or c]emonial p5it5ce    
occur1 ab\t :i* ! canons conc]n+        
satisfactions h be5 made4  ,!re=e x c be
 und]/ood t !y held t ^! canons are n   
necess>y = ! remission ( s9s4  ,= 9     
addition to ?is c]emonial p5it5ce1 !y   
frequ5tly wi% t p5it5ce be r5d]$        
o!rwise1 :]e canons ( satisfactions 7 n 
requir$4  ,! compos]s ( ! ,confutation  
write t ! abolition ( satisfactions     
contr>y to ! pla9 ,gospel is n to be    
endur$4  ,we1 !re=e1 h ?us f> %[n t ^!  
canonical satisfactions1 i4 e41 works n 
due & t are to be p]=m$ 9 ord] to       
comp5sate = puni%m5t1 h n ! comm& ( !   
,gospel4  ,! subject itself %[s ?is4    
,if works ( satisfaction are works :i*  
are n due1 :y d !y cite ! pla9 ,gospel8 
,= if ! ,gospel w\ld comm& t puni%m5ts  
be comp5sat$ = by su* works1 ! works    
w\ld already be due4  ,b ?us !y speak 9 
ord] to impose ^u ! inexp]i5c$1 & !y    
cite te/imonies :i* speak ( works t are 

due1 al?\gh !y !mselves 9 _! own        
satisfactions prescribe works t are n   
due4  ,yea1 9 _! s*ools !y !mselves     
conc$e t satisfactions c be refus$ )\t  
mortal s94  ,!re=e !y "h write falsely t
 we are compell$ by ! pla9 ,gospel to   
und]take ^! canonical satisfactions4  ,b
 we h already frequ5tly te/ifi$ t       
rep5tance ought to produce good fruits3 
& :at ! good fruits are ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts
 tea*1 namely1 truly & f ! he>t mo/     
highly to e/eem1 fe>1 & love ,god1      
joyfully to call ^u ,him 9 ne$1 pray]1  
?anksgiv+1 ! confession ( ! ,gospel he>+
 ?is ,^w1 to tea* ! ,gospel1 to obey    
p>5ts & magi/rates1 to be fai?ful to    
"o's call+1 n to kill1 n to reta9 hatr$1
 b to be =giv+ to be agreeable & k9d to 
"o's neighbor1 to give to ! ne$y1 s f> z
 we c accord+ to our means1 n to commit 
=nication or adult]y1 b to re/ra9 &     
bridle & *a/ise ! fle%1 n = a           
comp5sation ( et]nal puni%m5t1 b s z n  
to obey ! devil1 or (f5d ! ,holy ,gho/1 
likewise1 to speak ! tru?4  ,^! fruits h

 ,god's injunction1 & ought to be br\ght
 =? = ! sake ( ,god's glory & comm&2 &  
!y h _! rew>ds also4  ,b t et]nal       
puni%m5ts are n remitt$ except on acc\nt
 ( ! comp5sation r5d]$ by c]ta9         
traditions or by purgatory1 ,scripture  
does n tea*4  ,indulg5ces 7 =m]ly       
remission ( ^! public obs]vances1 s t m5
 %\ld n be excessively burd5$4  ,b if1  
by human au?ority1 satisfactions &      
puni%m5ts c be remitt$1 ?is comp5sation1
 !re=e1 is n necess>y by div9e ,law1 = a
 div9e ,law is n annull$ by human       
au?ority4  ,fur!rmore1 s9ce ! cu/om has 
n[ ( itself become obsolete & ! bi%ops h
 pass$ x by 9 sil5ce1 !re is no         
necessity = ^! remissions4  ,& yet ! "n 
indulg5ces rema9$4  ,& j z satisfactions
 7 und]/ood n ) ref]5ce to ext]nal      
discipl9e1 b ) ref]5ce to ! comp5sation 
( puni%m5t1 s indulg5ces 7 incorrectly  
und]/ood to free s\ls f purgatory4  ,b !
 keys h n ! p[] ( b9d+ & loos+ except ^u
 e>?1 accord+ to ,matt4 #af1 #ai 3      
,:atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be    

b\nd 9 heav51 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose  
on e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav54 ,al?\gh z 
we h said above1 ! keys h n ! p[] to    
impose p5alties1 or to in/itute rites ( 
wor%ip1 b only ! comm& to remit s9s to  
^? :o are conv]t$1 & to convict &       
excommunicate ^? :o are unwill+ to be   
conv]t$4  ,= j z to loose signifies to  
remit s9s1 s to b9d signifies n to remit
 s9s4  ,= ,*ri/ speaks ( a spiritual    
k+dom4  ,& ! comm& ( ,god is t ! m9i/]s 
( ! ,gospel %\ld absolve ^? :o are      
conv]t$1 accord+ to #b ,cor4 #aj1 #h3 ,!
 au?ority :i* ! ,"l ha? giv5 u =        
edification4  ,!re=e ! res]vation (     
eases is a secul> affair4  ,= x is a    
res]vation ( canonical puni%m5t2 x is n 
a res]vation ( guilt be=e ,god 9 ^? :o  
are truly conv]t$4  ,!re=e ! adv]s>ies  
judge aright :5 !y confess t 9 ! article
 ( dea? ! res]vation ( eases ought n to 
h9d] absolution4  ,we h set =? ! sum (  
our doctr9e conc]n+ rep5tance1 :i* we   
c]ta9ly "k is godly & salut>y to good   
m9ds & highly necess>y4  ,& if good m5 w

 comp>e our yea1 ,*ri/'s & ,8 apo/les'  
doctr9e ) ! v confus$ discussions ( our 
adv]s>ies1 !y w p]ceive t ! adv]s>ies h 
omitt$ ! doctr9e )\t :i* no "o c tea* or
 le>n any?+ t is sub/antial & ,*ri/ian  
conc]n+ fai? ju/ify+ & consol+ godly    
he>ts4  ,!y w also see t ! adv]s>ies    
inv5t _m ?+s conc]n+ ! m]its (          
attrition1 conc]n+ ! endless enum]ation 
( (f5ses1 conc]n+ satisfactions1 !y say 
?+s t t\* nei!r e>? nor heav5 agree+    
nei!r ) human nor div9e law1 & :i* n ev5
 ! adv]s>ies !mselves c satisfactorily  
expla94     ,"p #ah   ,article ,,xiii   
7,,vii73 ,( ! ,numb] & ,use ( !         
,sacram5ts4  ,9 ! ,?irte5? ,article !   
adv]s>ies approve our /atem5t t !       
,sacram5ts are n only m>ks ( pr(ession  
among m51 z "s imag9e1 b t !y are r     
signs & te/imonies ( ,god's w t[>d u1   
?r\gh :i* ,god moves he>ts to believe   
are n m]e signs :]eby m5 may recognize  
ea* o!r1 z ! wat*word 9 w>1 liv]y1 etc41
 b are efficaci\s signs & sure          
te/imonies1 etc44 ,b "h !y bid u also   

c\nt sev5 sacram5ts4  ,we hold t x %\ld 
be ma9ta9$ t ! matt]s & c]emonies       
in/itut$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 :atev] !      
numb]1 be n neglect$4  ,nei!r d we      
believe x to be ( any consequ5ce1 ?\gh1 
= ! purpose ( tea*+1 diff]5t p reckon   
diff]5tly1 provid$ !y /ill pres]ve      
aright ! matt]s h&$ d[n 9 ,scripture4   
,nei!r h ! anci5ts reckon$ 9 ! same     
mann]4  ,b conc]n+ ?is numb] ( sev5     
sacram5ts1 ! fact is t ! ,fa!rs h n be5 
uni=m 9 _! enum]ation1 ?us also ^! sev5 
c]emonies are n equally necess>y4  ,if  
we call ,sacram5ts rites :i* h ! comm& (
 ,god & to :i* ! promise ( grace has be5
 add$1 x is easy to decide :at are      
prop]ly ,sacram5ts4  ,= rites in/itut$  
by m5 w n 9 ?is way be ,sacram5ts       
prop]ly s call$4  ,= x does n belong to 
human au?ority to promise grace4  ,!re=e
 signs in/itut$ )\t ,god's comm& are n  
sure signs ( grace1 ev5 ?\gh !y p]haps  
in/ruct ! rude *ildr5 or ! uncultivat$1 
or admoni% z to some?+ z a pa9t$ cross4 
,!re=e ,baptism1 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 &      

,absolution1 :i* is ! ,sacram5t (       
,rep5tance1 are truly ,sacram5ts4  ,= ^!
 rites h ,god's comm& & ! promise (     
grace1 :i* is peculi> to ! ,new         
,te/am5t4  ,= :5 we are baptiz$1 :5 we  
eat ! ,"l's body1 :5 we are absolv$1 our
 he>ts mu/ be firmly assur$ t ,god truly
 =gives u = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,& ,god1 at !
 same "t1 by ! ,^w & by ! rite1 moves   
he>ts to believe & conceive fai?1 j z   
,paul says1 ,rom4 #aj1 #ag3 ,fai? come? 
by he>+4  ,b j z ! ,^w ent]s ! e> 9 ord]
 to /rike our he>t1 s ! rite itself     
/rikes ! eye1 9 ord] to move ! he>t4  ,!
 effect ( ! ,^w & ( ! rite is ! same1 z 
x has be5 well said by ,augu/9e t a     
,sacram5t is a visible ^w1 because !    
rite is receiv$ by ! eyes1 & is1 z x 71 
a picture ( ! ,^w1 signify+ ! same ?+ z 
! ,^w4 ,!re=e ! effect ( bo? is ! same4 
,confirmation & ,extreme ,unction are   
rites receiv$ f ! ,fa!rs :i* n ev5 !    
,*ur* requires z necess>y to salvation1 
!y d n h ,god's comm&4  ,!re=e x is n   
useless to di/+ui% ^! rites f ! =m]1 :i*

 h ,god's express comm& & a cle> promise
 ( grace4  ,! adv]s>ies und]/& prie/hood
 n ( ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w1 & adm9i/]+ !     
,sacram5ts to o!rs1 b !y und]/& x z     
ref]r+ to sacrifice1 z ?\gh 9 ! ,new    
,te/am5t !re ought to be a prie/hood l !
 ,levitical1 to sacrifice = ! p1 & m]it 
! remission ( s9s = o!rs4  ,we tea* t ! 
sacrifice ( ,*ri/ dy+ on ! cross has be5
 suffici5t = ! s9s ( ! :ole _w1 & t !re 
is no ne$1 besides1 ( o!r sacrifices1 z 
?\gh ?is 7 n suffici5t = our s9s4  ,m51 
accord+ly1 are ju/ifi$ n because ( any  
o!r sacrifices1 b because ( ?is "o      
sacrifice ( ,*ri/1 if !y believe t !y h 
be5 r$eem$ by ?is sacrifice4  ,!y are   
accord+ly call$ prie/s1 n 9 ord] to make
 any sacrifices = ! p z 9 ! ,law s t by 
^! !y may m]it remission ( s9s = ! p2 b 
!y are call$ to tea* ! ,gospel & adm9i/]
 ! ,sacram5ts to ! p4  ,nor d we h ano!r
 prie/hood l ! ,levitical1 z ! ,epi/le  
to ! ,hebrews suffici5tly tea*es4  ,b if
 ord9ation be und]/ood z apply+ to !    
m9i/ry ( ! ,^w1 we are n unwill+ to call

 ord9ation a sacram5t4  ,= ! m9i/ry ( ! 
,^w has ,god's comm& & glori\s promises1
 ,rom4 #a1 #af3 ,! ,gospel is ! p[] (   
,god unto salvation to e "o t believe?4 
,likewise1 ,is4 #ee1 #aa3 ,s %all ,my   
,^w be t goe? =? out ( ,my m\?2 x %all n
 return unto ,me void1 b x %all         
accompli% t :i* ,i please4  ,if         
ord9ation be und]/ood 9 ?is way1 nei!r w
 we refuse to call ! imposition ( h&s a 
sacram5t4 ,= ! ,*ur* has ! comm& to     
appo9t m9i/]s1 :i* %\ld be mo/ pleas+ to
 u1 because we "k t ,god approves ?is   
m9i/ry & is pres5t 9 ! m9i/ry t ,god w  
prea* & "w ?r\gh m5 & ^? :o h be5 *os5  
by m54  ,& x is ( advantage1 s f> z c be
 done1 to adorn ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w ) e k9d
 ( praise aga9/ fanatical m51 :o dream t
 ! ,holy ,gho/ is giv5 n ?r\gh ! ,^w1 b 
because ( c]ta9 prep>ations ( _! own1 if
 !y sit unoccupi$ & sil5t 9 obscure     
places1 wait+ = illum9ation1 z !        
,en?usia/s =m]ly taught1 & ! ,anabapti/s
 n[ tea*4  ,matrimony 0 n fir/ in/itut$ 
9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b 9 ! beg9n+1        

imm$iately on ! creation ( ! human race4
  ,x has1 moreov]1 ,god's comm&2 x has  
also promises1 n inde$ prop]ly p]ta9+ to
 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b p]ta9+ r to ! bodily
 life4  ,:]e=e1 if any "o %\ld wi% to   
call x a sacram5t1 he ought /ill to     
di/+ui% x f ^? prec$+ ones ! two =m]    
ones1 :i* are prop]ly signs ( ! ,new    
,te/am5t1 & te/imonies ( grace & !      
remission ( s9s4  ,b if m>riage w h ! "n
 ( sacram5t = ! reason t x has ,god's   
comm& o!r /ates or (fices also1 :i* h   
,god's comm&1 may be call$ sacram5ts1 z1
 = example1 ! magi/racy4  ,la/ly1 if    
among ! ,sacram5ts all ?+s ought to be  
numb]$ :i* h ,god's comm&1 & to :i*     
promises h be5 add$1 :y d we n add      
pray]1 :i* mo/ truly c be call$ a       
sacram5t8  ,= x has bo? ,god's comm& & v
 _m promises & if plac$ among !         
,sacram5ts1 z ?\gh 9 a m em95t place1 x 
w\ld invite m5 to pray4  ,alms c\ld also
 be reckon$ "h1 & likewise afflictions1 
:i* are ev5 !mselves signs1 to :i* ,god 
has add$ promises4 ,b let u omit ^! ?+s4

  ,= no prud5t man w /rive greatly      
conc]n+ ! numb] or ! t]m1 if only ^?    
objects /ill be reta9$ :i* h ,god's     
comm& & promises4  ,x is /ill m ne$ful  
to und]/& h[ ! ,sacram5ts are to be us$4
  ,"h we condemn ! :ole cr[d ( s*ola/ic 
doctors1 :o tea* t ! ,sacram5ts conf]   
grace ex op]e op]ato1 )\t a good        
disposition on ! "p ( ! "o us+ !m1      
provid$ he d n place a h9drance 9 ! way4
  ,?is is absolutely a ,jewi% op9ion1 to
 hold t we are ju/ifi$ by a c]emony1 )\t
 a good disposition ( ! he>t1 i4e41 )\t 
fai?4  ,& yet ?is impi\s & p]nici\s     
op9ion is taught ) great au?ority       
?r\gh\t ! entire realm ( ! ,pope4  ,paul
 contradicts ?is & d5ies1 ,rom4 #d1 #i1 
t ,abraham 0 ju/ifi$ by circumcision1 b 
ass]ts t circumcision 0 a sign pres5t$ =
 ex]cis+ fai?4  ,?us we tea* t 9 ! use (
 ! ,sacram5ts fai? ought to be add$1 :i*
 %\ld believe ^! promises1 & receive !  
promis$ ?+s1 !re (f]$ 9 ! ,sacram5t4  ,&
 ! reason is pla9 & ?or\ghly gr\nd$4    
,?is is a c]ta9 & true use ( ! holy     

,sacram5t1 on :i* ,*ri/ian he>ts &      
consci5ces may risk to rely4  ,! promise
 is useless unless x is receiv$ by fai?4
  ,b ! ,sacram5ts are ! signs & seals ( 
! promises4  ,!re=e1 9 ! use ( !        
,sacram5ts fai? ought to be add$ s t1 if
 any "o use ! ,"l's ,supp]1 he use x    
?us4  ,because ?is is a ,sacram5t ( !   
,new ,te/am5t1 z ,*ri/ cle>ly says1 he  
ought = ?is v reason to be confid5t t   
:at is promis$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t namely1
 ! free remission ( s9s1 is (f]$ him4   
,& let him receive ?is by fai?1 let him 
com=t 8 al>m$ consci5ce1 & "k t ^!      
te/imonies are n fallaci\s1 b z sure z  
?\gh & /ill sur] ?an if ,god by a new   
miracle w\ld decl>e f heav5 t x 0 ,8 w  
to grant =giv5ess4  ,b ( :at advantage  
w\ld ^! miracles & promises be to an    
unbeliev]8  ,& "h we speak ( special    
fai? :i* believes ! pres5t promise1 n   
only t :i* 9 g5]al believes t ,god      
exi/s1 b :i* believes t ! remission (   
s9s is (f]$4  ,?is use ( ! ,sacram5t    
consoles godly & al>m$ m9ds4  ,moreov]1 

no "o c express 9 words :at abuses 9 !  
,*ur* ?is fanatical op9ion conc]n+ !    
opus op]ate1 )\t a good disposition on !
 "p ( ! "o us+ ! ,sacram5ts1 has        
produc$4 ,h5ce ! inf9ite pr(anation ( ! 
,masses1 b ( ?is we %all speak bel[4    
,nei!r c a s+le lett] be produc$ f ! old
 writ]s :i* 9 ?is matt] favors !        
s*ola/ics4  ,yea ,augu/9e says !        
contr>y1 t ! fai? ( ! ,sacram5t1 & n !  
,sacram5t ju/ifies4  ,& ! decl>ation (  
,paul is well kn[n1 ,rom4 #aj1 #aj3 ,) !
 he>t man believe? unto righte\sness4   
,"p #ai   ,article ,,xiv3 ,(            
,ecclesia/ical ,ord]4  ,! ,f\rte5?      
,article1 9 :i* we say t 9 ! ,*ur* !    
adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts & ,^w ought 
to be all[$ no "o unless he be rightly  
call$1 !y receive1 b ) ! proviso t we   
employ canonical ord9ation4  ,conc]n+   
?is subject we h frequ5tly te/ifi$ 9 ?is
 assembly t x is our greate/ wi% to     
ma9ta9 *ur*-polity & ! grades 9 ! ,*ur* 
old *ur*-regulations & ! gov]nm5t (     
bi%ops1 ev5 ?\gh !y h be5 made by human 

au?ority provid$ ! bi%ops all[ our      
doctr9e & receive our prie/s4  ,= we "k 
t *ur*-discipl9e 0 in/itut$ by ! ,fa!rs1
 9 ! mann] laid d[n 9 ! anci5t canons ) 
a good & useful int5tion4  ,b ! bi%ops  
ei!r compel our prie/s to reject &      
condemn ?is k9d ( doctr9e :i* we h      
confess$1 or1 by a new & unhe>d-(       
cruelty1 !y put to dea? ! poor innoc5t  
m54  ,^! causes h9d] our prie/s f       
ackn[l$g+ su* bi%ops4  ,?us ! cruelty ( 
! bi%ops is ! reason :y ! canonical     
gov]nm5t1 :i* we greatly desir$ to      
ma9ta91 is 9 "s places dissolv$4  ,let  
!m see to x h[ !y w give an acc\nt to   
,god = disp]s+ ! ,*ur*4  ,9 ?is matt]   
our consci5ces are n 9 dang]1 because   
s9ce we "k t our ,confession is true1   
godly1 & ca?olic1 we ought n to approve 
! cruelty ( ^? :o p]secute ?is doctr9e4 
,& we "k t ! ,*ur* is among ^? :o tea* !
 ,^w ( ,god aright1 & adm9i/] !         
,sacram5ts aright & n ) ^? :o n only by 
_! edicts endeavor to efface ,god's ,^w1
 b also put to dea? ^? :o tea* :at is "r

 & true t[>ds :om1 ev5 ?\gh !y d some?+ 
contr>y to ! canons1 yet ! v canons are 
mild]4 ,fur!rmore we wi% "h aga9 to     
te/ify t we w gladly ma9ta9             
ecclesia/ical & canonical gov]nm5t1     
provid$ ! bi%ops only cease to rage     
aga9/ our ,*ur*es4  ,?is our desire w   
cle> u bo? be=e ,god & among all nations
 to all po/]ity f ! imputation aga9/ u t
 ! au?ority ( ! bi%ops is be+ und]m9$1  
:5 m5 read & he> t1 al?\gh prote/+ aga9/
 ! unrighte\s cruelty ( ! bi%ops1 we    
c\ld n obta9 ju/ice4     ,"p #bj        
,article ,,xv 7,,viii73 ,( ,human       
,traditions 9 ! ,*ur*4  ,9 ! ,fifte5?   
,article !y receive ! fir/ "p1 9 :i* we 
say t su* ecclesia/ical rites are to be 
obs]v$ z c be obs]v$ )\t s91 & are (    
pr(it 9 ! ,*ur* = tranquility & good    
ord]4  ,!y altoge!r condemn ! second "p1
 9 :i* we say t human traditions        
in/itut$ to appease ,god1 to m]it grace1
 & make satisfactions = s9s are contr>y 
to ! ,gospel4  ,al?\gh 9 ! ,confession  
itself1 :5 treat+ ( ! di/9ction ( meats1

 we h spok5 at suffici5t l5g? conc]n+   
traditions1 yet c]ta9 ?+s %\ld be       
briefly rec\nt$ "h4  ,al?\gh we suppos$ 
t ! adv]s>ies w\ld def5d human          
traditions on o!r gr\nds1 yet we did n  
?9k t ?is w\ld come to pass1 namely1 t  
!y w\ld condemn ?is article3 t we d n   
m]it ! remission ( s9s or grace by !    
obs]vance ( human traditions4  ,s9ce1   
!re=e1 ?is article has be5 condemn$1 we 
h an easy & pla9 case4  ,! adv]s>ies are
 n[ op5ly ,judaiz+1 are op5ly suppress+ 
! ,gospel by ! doctr9es ( demons4  ,=   
,scripture calls traditions doctr9es (  
demons :5 x is taught t religi\s rites  
are s]viceable to m]it ! remission ( s9s
 & grace4  ,= !y are !n obscur+ !       
,gospel1 ! b5efit ( ,*ri/1 & !          
righte\sness ( fai?4  ,= !y are j z     
directly contr>y to ,*ri/ & to ! ,gospel
 z are fire & wat] to "o ano!r4 ,!      
,gospel tea*es t by fai? we receive     
freely1 = ,*ri/'s sake1 ! remission (   
s9s & are reconcil$4 ,! adv]s>ies1 on ! 
o!r h&1 appo9t ano!r m$iator1 namely ^! 

traditions4  ,on acc\nt ( ^! !y wi% to  
acquire remission ( s9s2 on acc\nt ( ^! 
!y wi% to appease ,god's wra?4  ,b ,*ri/
 cle>ly says1 ,matt4 #ae1 #i3 ,9 va9 d  
!y wor%ip ,me1 tea*+ = doctr9es !       
comm&m5ts ( m54  ,we h above discuss$ at
 l5g? t m5 are ju/ifi$ by fai? :5 !y    
believe t !y h a reconcil$ ,god1 n      
because ( our works1 b gratuit\sly1 =   
,*ri/'s sake4  ,x is c]ta9 t ?is is !   
doctr9e ( ! ,gospel1 because ,paul      
cle>ly tea*es ,eph4 #b1 #h4 #i3 ,by     
grace are ye sav$1 ?r\gh fai?2 & t n (  
y\rselves3 x is ! gift ( ,god2 n (      
works4  ,n[ ^! m5 say t m5 m]it !       
remission ( s9s by ^! human obs]vances4 
,:at else is ?is ?an to appo9t ano!r    
ju/ifi]1 a m$iator o!r ?an ,*ri/8 ,paul 
says to ! ,galatians1 #e1 #d3 ,*ri/ has 
become ( no effect unto y1 :osoev] ( y  
are ju/ifi$ by ! ,law1 i4e41 if y hold t
 by ! obs]vance ( ! ,law y m]it to be   
acc\nt$ righte\s be=e ,god1 ,*ri/ w     
pr(it y no?+2 = :at ne$ ( ,*ri/ h ^? :o 
hold t !y are righte\s by _! own        

obs]vance ( ! ,law8  ,god has set =?    
,*ri/ ) ! promise t on acc\nt ( ?is     
,m$iator1 & n on acc\nt ( our           
righte\sness1 ,he wi%es to be propiti\s 
to u4  ,b ^! m5 hold t ,god is reconcil$
 & propiti\s because ( ! traditions1 & n
 because ( ,*ri/4  ,!re=e !y take away f
 ,*ri/ ! honor ( ,m$iator4  ,nei!r1 s f>
 z ?is matt] is conc]n$ is !re any      
diff]5ce betwe5 our traditions & !      
c]emonies ( ,moses4  ,paul condemns !   
c]emonies ( ,moses1 j z he condemns     
traditions1 = ! reason t !y 7 reg>d$ z  
works :i* m]it righte\sness be=e ,god4  
,?us ! (fice ( ,*ri/ & ! righte\sness ( 
fai? 7 obscur$4  ,!re=e1 ! ,law be+     
remov$1 & traditions be+ remov$1 he     
cont5ds t ! remission ( s9s has be5     
promis$ n because ( our works1 b freely1
 because ( ,*ri/1 if only by fai? we    
receive x4  ,= ! promise is n receiv$   
except by fai?4  ,s9ce1 !re=e1 by fai?  
we receive ! remission ( s9s s9ce by    
fai? we h a propiti\s ,god = ,*ri/'s    
sake1 x is an error & impiety to decl>e 

t because ( ^! obs]vances we m]it !     
remission ( s9s4  ,if any "o %\ld say "h
 t we d n m]it ! remission ( s9s1 b t ^?
 :o h already be5 ju/ifi$ by ^!         
traditions m]it grace1 ,paul aga9       
replies1 ,gal4 #b1 #ag1 t ,*ri/ w\ld be 
! m9i/] ( s9 if aft] ju/ification we mu/
 hold t h5ce=? we are n acc\nt$ righte\s
 = ,*ri/'s sake1 b we ought fir/1 by o!r
 obs]vances1 to m]it t we be acc\nt$    
righte\s4  ,likewise ,gal4 #c1 #ae3     
,?\gh x be b a man's cov5ant1 no man    
adde? !reto4 ,!re=e1 nei!r to ,god's    
cov5ant1 :o promises t = ,*ri/'s sake   
,he w be propiti\s to u ought we to add 
t we mu/ fir/ ?r\gh ^! obs]vances atta9 
su* m]it z to be reg>d$ z accept$ &     
righte\s4  ,h[ev]1 :at ne$ is !re ( a   
long discussion8  ,no tradition 0       
in/itut$ by ! holy ,fa!rs ) ! design t x
 %\ld m]it ! remission ( s9s1 or        
righte\sness1 b !y h be5 in/itut$ = !   
sake ( good ord] 9 ! ,*ur* & = ! sake ( 
tranquillity4  ,& :5 any "o wi%es to    
in/itute c]ta9 works to m]it ! remission

 ( s9s1 or righte\sness1 h[ w he "k t ^!
 works please ,god s9ce he has n !      
te/imony ( ,god's ,^w8  ,h[1 )\t ,god's 
comm& & ,^w1 w he r5d] m5 c]ta9 ( ,god's
 w8  ,does ,he n ev]y:]e 9 ! prophets   
prohibit m5 f in/itut+1 )\t ,8 comm&m5t1
 peculi> rites ( wor%ip8  ,9 ,ezek4 #bj1
 #ah4 #ai x is writt53 ,walk ye n 9 !   
/atutes ( y\r fa!rs1 nei!r obs]ve _!    
judgm5ts1 nor defile y\rselves ) _!     
idols3 ,i ,am ! ,"l1 y\r ,god4  ,walk 9 
,my /atutes1 & keep ,my judgem5ts1 & d  
!m4  ,if m5 are all[$ to in/itute       
religi\s rites & ?r\gh ^! rites m]it    
grace1 ! religi\s rites ( all ! hea!n w 
h to be approv$1 & ! rites in/itut$ by  
,j]oboam1 #a ,k+s #ab1 #bf f41 & by     
o!rs1 outside ( ! ,law1 w h to be       
approv$4  ,= :at diff]5ce does x make8  
,if we h be5 all[$ to in/itute religi\s 
rites t are pr(itable = m]it+ grace1 or 
righte\sness1 :y 0 ! same n all[$ !     
hea!n & ! ,israelites8  ,b ! religi\s   
rites ( ! hea!n & ! ,israelites 7       
reject$ = ! v reason t !y held t by ^!  

!y m]it$ remission ( s9s & righte\sness1
 & yet did n "k ! highe/ s]vice ( ,god !
 righte\sness ( fai?4  ,la/ly1 :5ce are 
we r5d]$ c]ta9 t rites in/itut$ by m5   
)\t ,god's comm& ju/ify1 inasmu* z no?+ 
c be affirm$ ( ,god's w )\t ,god's ,^w8 
,:at if ,god does n approve ^! s]vices8 
,h[1 !re=e1 d ! adv]s>ies affirm t !y   
ju/ify8  ,)\t ,god's ,^w & te/imony ?is 
_c be affirm$4  ,& ,paul says1 ,rom4    
#ad1 #bc ,:atsoev] is n ( fai? is s94   
,b z ^! s]vices h no te/imony ( ,god's  
,^w1 consci5ce mu/ d\bt z to :e!r !y    
please ,god4  ,& :at ne$ is !re ( words 
on a subject s manife/8  ,if ! adv]s>ies
 def5d ^! human s]vices z m]it+         
ju/ification1 grace1 & ! remission (    
s9s1 !y simply e/abli% ! k+dom (        
,anti*ri/4  ,= ! k+dom ( ,anti*ri/ is a 
new s]vice ( ,god1 devis$ by human      
au?ority reject+ ,*ri/1 j z ! k+dom (   
,mahomet has s]vices & works ?r\gh :i* x
 wi%es to be ju/ifi$ be=e ,god2 nor does
 x hold t m5 are gratuit\sly ju/ifi$    
be=e ,god by fai? = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,?us 

! ,papacy also w be a "p ( ! k+dom (    
,anti*ri/ if x ?us def5ds human s]vices 
z ju/ify+4  ,= ! honor is tak5 away f   
,*ri/ :5 !y tea* t we are n ju/ifi$     
gratuit\sly by fai?1 = ,*ri/'s sake1 b  
by su* s]vices1 especially :5 !y tea* t 
su* s]vices are n only useful =         
ju/ification1 b are also necess>y1 z !y 
hold above 9 ,art4  ,,vii1 :]e !y       
condemn u = say+ t unto true unity ( !  
,*ur* x is n necess>y t rites in/itut$  
by m5 %\ld ev]y:]e be alike4 ,daniel1   
#aa1 #ch1 indicates t new human s]vices 
w be ! v =m & con/itution ( ! k+dom (   
,anti*ri/4  ,= he says ?us3 ,b 9 8 e/ate
 %all he honor ! god ( =ges2 & a god :om
 8 fa!rs knew n %all he honor ) gold &  
silv] & preci\s /ones4  ,"h he describes
 new s]vices1 because he says t su* a   
god %all be wor%ip$ z ! fa!rs 7 ignorant
 (4  ,= al?\gh ! holy ,fa!rs !mselves _h
 bo? rites & traditions1 yet !y did n   
hold t ^! matt]s are useful or necess>y 
= ju/ification !y did n obscure ! glory 
& (fice ,*ri/1 b taught t we are ju/ifi$

 by fai? = ,*ri/'s sake1 & n = ! sake ( 
^! human s]vices4  ,b !y obs]v$ human   
rites = ! sake ( bodily advantage1 t ! p
 might "k at :at "t !y %\ld assemble2 t1
 = ! sake ( example1 all ?+s 9 ! *ur*es 
might be done 9 ord] & becom+ly2 la/ly1 
t ! common p might receive a sort (     
tra9+4  ,= ! di/9ctions ( times & !     
v>iety ( rites are ( s]vice 9 admoni%+ !
 common p4  ,! ,fa!rs _h ^! reasons =   
ma9ta9+ ! rites1 & = ^! reasons we also 
judge x to be "r t traditions good      
cu/oms be ma9ta9$4  ,& we are greatly   
surpris$ t ! adv]s>ies contr>y to !     
entire ,scriptures ( ! ,apo/les1 contr>y
 to ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts cont5d =    
ano!r design ( traditions1 namely1 t !y 
may m]it ! remission ( s9s1 grace1 or   
ju/ification4  ,:at else is ?is ?an to  
honor ,god ) gold & silv] & preci\s     
/ones z ,daniel says1 i4e41 to hold t   
,god becomes reconcil$ by a v>iety 9    
clo?+1 ornam5ts1 & by simil> rites _m   
k9ds ( *ur* decorations1 bann]s1 tap]s1 
z are inf9ite 9 human traditions8  ,paul

 writes to ! ,colossians1 #b1 #bc1 t    
traditions h a %[ ( wisdom4  ,& !y inde$
 h4  ,= ?is good ord] is v becom+ 9 !   
,*ur*1 & = ?is reason is necess>y4  ,b  
human reason1 because x does n und]/& ! 
righte\sness ( fai?1 naturally imag9es t
 su* works ju/ify m5 because !y         
reconcile ,god1 etc4 ,?us ! common p    
among ! ,israelites ?\ght1 & by ?is     
op9ion increas$ su* c]emonies1 j z among
 u !y h gr[n 9 ! mona/]ies z 9 our "t "o
 alt> aft] ano!r & "o *ur* aft] ano!r is
 f\nd$4  ,?us human reason judges also (
 bodily ex]cises1 ( fa/s1 al?\gh ! end (
 ^! is to re/ra9 ! fle%1 reason falsely 
adds t !y are s]vices :i* ju/ify4 ,z    
,?omas writes3 ,fa/+ avails = ! ext+ui%+
 & ! prev5tion ( guilt4  ,^! are ! words
 ( ,?omas4  ,?us ! semblance ( wisdom & 
righte\sness 9 su* works deceives m54 ,&
 ! examples ( ! sa9ts are add$ :5 !y    
say3 ,/4 ,francis wore a cap1 etc42 & :5
 m5 desire to imitate ^!1 !y imitate1 = 
! mo/ "p1 ! outw>d ex]cises2 _! fai? !y 
d n imitate4  ,aft] ?is semblance (     

wisdom & righte\sness has deceiv$ m51 !n
 inf9ite evils foll[2 ! ,gospel conc]n+ 
! righte\sness ( fai? 9 ,*ri/ is        
obscur$1 & va9 confid5ce 9 su* works    
succe$s4  ,!n ! comm&m5ts ( ,god are    
obscur$2 ^! works arrogate to !mselves !
 title ( a p]fect & spiritual life1 &   
are f> pref]r$ to ! works ( ,god's      
comm&m5ts ! true1 holy1 good works1 z1 !
 works ( "o's own call+1 ! adm9i/ration 
( ! /ate1 ! managem5t ( a family1 m>ri$ 
life1 ! br++ up ( *ildr54  ,comp>$ ) ^? 
c]emonies1 ! latt] are judg$ to be      
pr(ane1 s t !y are ex]cis$ by _m ) "s   
d\bt ( consci5ce4  ,= x is kn[n t _m h  
ab&on$ ! adm9i/ration ( ! /ate & m>ri$  
life1 9 ord] to embrace ^! obs]vances z 
bett] & holi] h gone into cloi/]s 9 ord]
 to become holy & spiritual4  ,nor is   
?is en\gh4  ,:5 ! p]suasion has tak5    
possession ( m9ds t su* obs]vances are  
necess>y to ju/ification1 consci5ces are
 9 mis]able anxiety because !y _c       
exactly fulfil all obs]vances4  ,= h[ _m
 are !re :o c\ld enum]ate all ^!        

obs]vances8  ,!re are imm5se books1 yea 
:ole libr>ies1 conta9+ n a syllable     
conc]n+ ,*ri/1 conc]n+ fai? 9 ,*ri/1    
conc]n+ ! good works ( "o's own call+1 b
 :i* only collect ! traditions &        
int]pretations by :i* !y are sometimes  
r5d]$ q rigor\s & sometimes relax$4  ,!y
 write ( su* precepts z ( fa/+ = =ty    
days1 ! f\r canonical h\rs = pray]1 etc4
 ,h[ t mo/ excell5t man1 ,g]son1 is     
tortur$ :ile he se>*es = ! grades &     
ext5t ( ! precepts6 ,nev]!less1 he is n 
able to fix epiei*eian mitigation 9 a   
def9ite grade & yet _c f9d any sure     
grade :]e he c\ld confid5tly promise !  
he>t assurance & peace4  ,mean:ile1 he  
deeply deplores ! dang]s to godly       
consci5ces :i* ?is rigid int]pretation (
 ! traditions produces4  ,aga9/ ?is     
semblance ( wisdom & righte\sness 9     
human rites1 :i* deceives m51 let u     
!re=e =tify ourselves by ! ,^w ( ,god1 &
 let u "k1 fir/ ( all t ^! nei!r m]it   
be=e ,god ! remission ( s9s or          
ju/ification1 nor are necess>y =        

ju/ification4  ,we h above cit$ "s      
te/imonies4  ,& ,paul is full ( !m4  ,to
 ! ,colossians1 #b1 #af4 #ag1 he cle>ly 
says3 ,let no man1 !re=e1 judge y 9 meat
 or 9 dr9k1 or 9 respect ( an holy-day1 
or ( ! new moon1 or ( ! ,sabba?-days1   
:i* are a %ad[ ( ?+s to come2 b ! body  
is ( ,*ri/4  ,"h n[ he embraces at !    
same "t bo? ! ,law ( ,moses & human     
traditions 9 ord] t ! adv]s>ies may n   
elude ^! te/imonies1 accord+ to _!      
cu/om1 ^u ! gr\nd t ,paul is speak+ only
 ( ! ,law ( ,moses4  ,b he cle>ly       
te/ifies "h t he is speak+ ( human      
traditions4  ,h[ev]1 ! adv]s>ies d n see
 :at !y are say+2 if ! ,gospel says t ! 
c]emonies ( ,moses1 :i* 7 div9ely       
in/itut$1 d n ju/ify1 h[ mu* less d     
human traditions ju/ify6  ,nei!r h !    
bi%ops ! p[] to in/itute s]vices1 z ?\gh
 !y ju/ifi$1 or 7 necess>y =            
ju/ification4  ,yea1 ! apo/les1 ,acts   
#ae1 #aj1 say3 ,:y tempt ye ,god to put 
a yoke1 etc41 :]e ,pet] decl>es ?is     
purpose to burd5 ! ,*ur* a great s94 ,& 

,paul =bids ! ,galatians1 #e1 #a1 to be 
entangl$ aga9 ) ! yoke ( bondage4       
,!re=e1 x is ! w ( ! apo/les t ?is      
lib]ty rema9 9 ! ,*ur*1 t no s]vices ( !
 ,law or ( traditions be judg$ z        
necess>y 7j z 9 ! ,law c]emonies 7 = a  
"t necess>y71 le/ ! righte\sness ( fai? 
be obscur$1 if m5 judge t ^! s]vices    
m]it ju/ification1 or are necess>y =    
ju/ification4  ,_m seek 9 traditions    
v>i\s epiei*eian mitigations 9 ord] to  
heal consci5ces1 & yet !y d n f9d any   
sure grades by :i* to free consci5ces f 
^! *a9s4  ,b j z ,alex&] once = all     
solv$ ! ,gordian knot by cutt+ x ) 8    
sword :5 he c\ld n dis5tangle x1 s !    
apo/les once = all free consci5ces f    
traditions1 especially if !y are taught 
to m]it ju/ification4  ,! apo/les compel
 u to oppose ?is doctr9e by tea*+ &     
examples4  ,!y compel u to tea* t       
traditions d n ju/ify2 t !y are n       
necess>y = ju/ification2 t no "o ought  
to frame or receive traditions ) !      
op9ion t !y m]it ju/ification4  ,!n1 ev5

 ?\gh any "o %\ld obs]ve !m1 let him    
obs]ve !m )\t sup]/ition z civil cu/oms1
 j z )\t sup]/ition soldi]s are clo!d 9 
"o way & s*ol>s 9 ano!r z ,i reg>d my   
we>+ ( a ,g]man co/ume among ! ,g]mans &
 a ,fr5* co/ume among ! ,fr5* z an      
obs]vance ( ! usage ( ! l&1 & n = !     
purpose ( be+ sav$ !reby4  ,! apo/les   
violate traditions & are excus$ by ,*ri/
 = ! example 0 to be %[n ! ,ph>isees t  
^! s]vices are unpr(itable4  ,& if our p
 neglect "s traditions t are ( little   
advantage1 !y are n[ suffici5tly excus$1
 :5 ^! are requir$ z ?\gh !y m]it       
ju/ification4  ,= su* an op9ion ) reg>d 
to traditions is impi\s an error n to be
 endur$4  ,b we *e]fully ma9ta9 ! old   
traditions z1 ! ?ree high fe/ivals1 !   
obs]vance ( ,sunday1 & ! l made 9 !     
,*ur* = ! sake ( usefulness &           
tranquillity1 & we int]pret !m 9 a m    
mod]ate way1 to ! exclusion ( ! op9ion  
:i* holds t !y ju/ify4  ,& our enemies  
falsely accuse u ( aboli%+ good         
ord9ances & *ur*discipl9e4  ,= we c     

truly decl>e t ! public =m ( ! *ur*es is
 m becom+ ) u ?an ) ! adv]s>ies t ! true
 wor%ip ( ,god is obs]v$ 9 our *ur*es 9 
a m ,*ri/ian1 honorable way4  ,& if any 
"o w consid] x aright1 we con=m to !    
canons m truly ?an d ! adv]s>ies4 ,= !  
adv]s>ies1 )\t %ame1 tread "u foot ! mo/
 honorable canons1 j z !y d ,*ri/ & !   
,gospel4 ,) ! adv]s>ies1 unwill+        
celebrants1 & ^? hir$ = pay1 & v        
frequ5tly only = pay1 celebrate !       
,masses4  ,!y s+ psalms1 n t !y may le>n
 or pray = ! great] "p d n und]/& a v]se
 9 ! psalms1 b = ! sake ( ! s]vice z    
?\gh ?is "w 7 a s]vice1 or at fea/1 = ! 
sake ( rew>d4  ,all ?is !y _c d5y4  ,"s 
:o are upright among !m are ev5 a%am$ ( 
?is baffle1 & decl>e t ! cl]gy is 9 ne$ 
( re=mation4  ,) u _m use ! ,"l's ,supp]
 will+ly & )\t con/ra9t e ,"l's ,day1 b 
aft] hav+ be5 fir/ in/ruct$1 exam9$ :e!r
 !y "k & und]/& any?+ ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1 
! ,cre$1 & ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 & absolv$4 
,! *ildr5 s+ psalms 9 ord] t !y may le>n
 become famili> ) passages ( ,scripture1

 ! p also s+ ,lat9 & ,g]man psalms1 9   
ord] t !y may ei!r le>n or pray4  ,) !  
adv]s>ies !re is no cate*ization ( !    
*ildr5 :atev]1 conc]n+ :i* ev5 ! canons 
give comm&s4  ,) u ! pa/ors & m9i/]s ( !
 *ur*es are compell$ publicly &         
privately to in/ruct & he> ! y\?2 & ?is 
c]emony produces ! be/ fruits4  ,& !    
,cate*ism is n a m]e *ildi% ?+1 z is !  
be>+ ( bann]s & tap]s1 b a v pr(itable  
in/ruction4 ,among ! adv]s>ies1 9 _m    
regions z 9 ,italy & ,spa91 dur+ !      
entire ye> no s]mons are deliv]$1 except
 9 ,l5t ,"h !y ought to cry out & ju/ly 
make griev\s compla9t1 = ?is means at "o
 bl[ to ov]?r[ completely all wor%ip4   
,= ( all acts t is ! greate/ mo/ holy1  
mo/ necess>y1 & highe/1 :i* ,god has    
requir$ z ! highe/ 9 ! ,fir/ & ! ,second
 ,comm&m5t1 namely1 to prea* ! ,^w (    
,god4  ,= ! m9i/ry is ! highe/ (fice 9 !
 ,*ur*4  ,n[1 if ?is wor%ip is omitt$1  
h[ c !re be k ( ,god1 ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/1
 or ! ,gospel1 ,b ! *ief s]vice ( ,god  
is to tea* ! ,gospel4  ,& :5 ! adv]s>ies

 d prea*1 !y speak ( human traditions1 (
 ! wor%ip ( sa9ts ( consecrat$ wat]1 &  
simil> tripes1 :i* ! p ju/ly loa!1 !re=e
 !y are des]t$ imm$iately 9 ! beg9n+1   
aft] ! text ( ! ,gospel has be5 recit$4 
,?is practise may h />t$ because ! p did
 n wi% to he> ! o!r lies4 ,a few bett]  
ones beg9 n[ to speak ( good works1 b ( 
! righte\sness ( fai?1 ( fai? 9 ,*ri/1 (
 ! consolation ( consci5ces1 !y say     
no?+2 yea1 ?is mo/ :olesome "p ( !      
,gospel !y rail at ) _! reproa*es4 ,?is 
bless$ doctr9e1 ! preci\s holy ,gospel1 
!y call ,lu!ran4  ,on ! contr>y1 9 our  
*ur*es all ! s]mons are occupi$ ) su*   
topics z ^!3 ( rep5tance1 ( ! fe> (     
,god1 ( fai? 9 ,*ri/1 ( ! righte\sness (
 fai?1 ( ! consolation ( consci5ces by  
fai?1 ( ! ex]cises ( fai?2 ( pray]1 :at 
its nature %\ld be1 & t we %\ld be fully
 confid5t t x is efficaci\s1 t x is he>d
 ( ! cross2 ( ! au?ority ( magi/rates & 
all civil ord9ances likewise1 h[ ea* "o 
9 8 /ation %\ld live 9 a ,*ri/ian mann]1
 &1 out ( ob$i5ce to ! comm& ( ! ,"l    

,god1 %\ld conduct himself 9 ref]5ce to 
e worldly ord9ance & law2 ( ! di/9ction 
betwe5 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/1 or ! spiritual  
k+dom & political affairs1 ( m>riage2 ( 
! education & in/ruction ( *ildr51 (    
*a/ity2 ( all ! (fices ( love4  ,f ?is  
condition ( ! *ur*es x may be judg$ t we
 dilig5tly ma9ta9 *ur*-discipl9e & godly
 c]emonies & good *ur*cu/oms4  ,& ( !   
mortification ( ! fle% & discipl9e ( !  
body we ?us tea*1 j z ! ,confession     
/ates1 t a true & n a feign$            
mortification occurs ?r\gh ! cross &    
afflictions by :i* ,god ex]cises u :5   
,god breaks our w1 inflicts ! cross &   
tr\ble4  ,9 ^! we mu/ obey ,god's w1 z  
,paul says1 ,rom4 #ab1 #a3 ,pres5t y\r  
bodies a liv+ sacrifice4  ,& ^! are !   
spiritual ex]cises ( fe> & fai?4  ,b 9  
addition to ?is mortification :i* occurs
 ?r\gh ! cross :i* does n dep5d ^u our w
 !re is also a volunt>y k9d ( ex]cise   
necess>y1 ( :i* ,*ri/ says ,luke #ba1   
#cd3 ,take he$ to y\rselves le/ at any  
"t y\r he>ts be ov]*>g$ ) surfeit+4  ,& 

,paul1 #a ,cor4 #i1 #bg3 ,i keep "u my  
body1 & br+ x into subjection1 etc4 ,&  
^! ex]cises are to be und]tak5 n because
 !y are s]vices t ju/ify1 b 9 ord] to   
curb ! fle%1 le/ satiety may ov]p[] u1 &
 r5d] u secure & indiff]5t1 ! result (  
:i* is t m5 indulge & obey !            
dispositions ( ! fle%4 ,?is dilig5ce    
ought to be p]petual1 because x has !   
p]petual comm& ( ,god4  ,& ?is prescrib$
 =m ( c]ta9 meats & times does no?+ z   
exp]i5ce %[s t[>ds curb+ ! fle%4  ,= x  
is m luxuri\s & sumptu\s ?an o!r fea/s =
 !y 7 at great] exp5se1 & practis$      
great] gluttony ) fi% & v>i\s ,l5t5     
meats ?an :5 ! fa/s 7 n obs]v$1 & n ev5 
! adv]s>ies obs]ve ! =m giv5 9 ! canons4
  ,?is topic conc]n+ traditions conta9s 
_m & difficult que/ions ( controv]sy &  
we h actually exp]i5c$ t traditions are 
truly sn>es ( consci5ces4  ,:5 !y are   
exact$ z necess>y1 !y torture 9 wond]ful
 ways ! consci5ce omitt+ any obs]vance z
 godly he>ts1 inde$1 exp]i5ce :5 9 !    
canonical h\rs !y h omitt$ a compl9e1 or

 (f5d$ aga9/ !m 9 a simil> way4  ,aga9  
_! abrogation has its own evils & its   
own que/ions4  ,on ! o!r h&1 to tea*    
absolute fre$om has also its d\bts &    
que/ions1 because ! common p ne$ outw>d 
discipl9e & in/ruction4 ,b we h an easy 
& pla9 case1 because ! adv]s>ies condemn
 u = tea*+ t human traditions d n m]it !
 remission ( s9s4  ,likewise !y require 
univ]sal traditions1 z !y call !m1 z    
necess>y = ju/ification & place !m 9    
,*ri/'s /ead4  ,"h we h ,paul z a       
con/ant *ampion1 :o ev]y:]e cont5ds t ^!
 obs]vances nei!r ju/ify nor are        
necess>y 9 addition to ! righte\sness ( 
fai?4 ,& nev]!less we tea* t 9 ^! matt]s
 ! use ( lib]ty is to be s controll$ t !
 inexp]i5c$ may n be (f5d$1 &1 on acc\nt
 ( ! abuse ( lib]ty1 may n become m     
ho/ile to ! true doctr9e ( ! ,gospel1 or
 t )\t a reasonable cause no?+ 9 cu/om>y
 rites be *ang$1 b t1 9 ord] to *]i%    
h>mony1 su* old cu/oms be obs]v$ z c be 
obs]v$ )\t s9 or )\t great inconv5i5ce4 
,& 9 ?is v assembly we h %[n suffici5tly

 t = love's sake we d n refuse to obs]ve
 adiaphora ) o!rs1 ev5 ?\gh !y %\ld h "s
 disadvantage2 b we h judg$ t su* public
 h>mony z c\ld inde$ be produc$ )\t     
(f5se to consci5ces ought to be pref]r$ 
to all o!r advantages all o!r less      
important matt]s4  ,b conc]n+ ?is entire
 subject we %all speak aft] a :ile1 :5  
we %all treat ( v[s & ecclesia/ical p[]4
     ,"p #ba   ,article ,,xvi3 ,(       
,political ,ord]4  ,! ,sixte5? ,article 
! adv]s>ies receive )\t any exception1 9
 :i* we h confess$ t x is lawful = !    
,*ri/ian to be> civil (fice1 sit 9      
judgm5t1 det]m9e matt]s by ! imp]ial    
laws1 & o!r laws 9 pres5t =ce1 appo9t j 
puni%m5ts engage 9 j w>s1 act z a       
soldi]1 make legal contracts1 hold      
prop]ty1 take an oa? :5 magi/rates      
require x1 contract m>riage2 f9ally1 t  
legitimate civil ord9ances are good     
creatures ( ,god & div9e ord9ances1 :i* 
a ,*ri/ian c use ) safety4  ,?is entire 
topic conc]n+ ! di/9ction betwe5 ! k+dom
 ( ,*ri/ & a political k+dom has be5    

expla9$ to advantage to ! rem>kably     
great consolation ( _m consci5ces 9 !   
lit]ature ( our writ]s1 namely t ! k+dom
 ( ,*ri/ is spiritual inasmu* z ,*ri/   
gov]ns by ! ,^w & by prea*+1 to wit1    
beg9n+ 9 ! he>t ! k ( ,god1 ! fe> ( ,god
 & fai?1 et]nal righte\sness1 & et]nal  
life2 mean:ile x p]mits u outw>dly to   
use legitimate political ord9ances ( e  
nation 9 :i* we live1 j z x p]mits u to 
use m$ic9e or ! art ( build+1 or food1  
dr9k1 air4  ,nei!r does ! ,gospel br+   
new laws conc]n+ ! civil /ate1 b comm&s 
t we obey pres5t laws1 :e!r !y h be5    
fram$ by hea!n or by o!rs1 & t 9 ?is    
ob$i5ce we %\ld ex]cise love4  ,=       
,c>l/adt 0 insane 9 impos+ ^u u !       
judicial laws ( ,moses4  ,conc]n+ ^!    
subjects1 our !ologians h writt5 m      
fully1 because ! monks diffus$ _m       
p]nici\s op9ions 9 ! ,*ur*4  ,!y call$ a
 community ( prop]ty ! polity ( !       
,gospel2 !y said t n to hold prop]ty1 n 
to v9dicate "o's self at law n to h wife
 & *ild1 7 evangelical c\nsels4  ,^!    

op9ions greatly obscure ! ,gospel & !   
spiritual k+dom s t x 0 n und]/ood at   
all :at ! ,*ri/ian or spiritual k+dom ( 
,*ri/ is2 !y concoct$ ! secul> k+dom ) !
 spiritual :5ce mu* tr\ble & s$itions1  
h>mful tea*+ result$1 & are dang]\s to !
 commonweal?4  ,= ! ,gospel does n      
de/roy ! ,/ate or ! family buy+1 sell+1 
& o!r civil regulations1 b mu* r        
approves !m1 & bids u obey !m z a div9e 
ord9ance1 n only on acc\nt ( puni%m5t1 b
 also on acc\nt ( consci5ce4  ,julian ! 
,apo/ate1 ,celsus1 & v _m o!rs made !   
objection to ,*ri/ians t ! ,gospel w\ld 
r5d asund] /ates1 because x prohibit$   
legal r$ress1 & taught c]ta9 o!r ?+s n  
at all suit$ to political association4  
,& ^! que/ions wond]fully ex]cis$       
,orig51 ,nazianz51 & o!rs1 al?\gh1      
inde$1 !y c be mo/ readily expla9$1 if  
we keep 9 m9d ! fact t ! ,gospel does n 
introduce laws conc]n+ ! civil /ate1 b  
is ! remission ( s9s & ! beg9n+ ( a new 
life 9 ! he>ts ( believ]s2 besides1 x n 
only approves outw>d gov]nm5ts1 b       

subjects u to !m1 ,rom4 #ac1 #a1 j z we 
h be5 necess>ily plac$ "u ! laws (      
seasons1 ! *anges ( w9t] & summ]1 z     
div9e ord9ances4  ,?is is no ob/acle to 
! spiritual k+dom4  ,! ,gospel =bids    
private r$ress 9 ord] t no "o %\ld      
int]f]e ) ! (fice ( ! magi/rate1 & ,*ri/
 inculcates ?is s frequ5tly ) ! design t
 ! apo/les %\ld n ?9k t !y ought to     
seize ! gov]nm5ts f ^? :o held o!rwise1 
j z ! ,jews dream$ conc]n+ ! k+dom ( !  
,messiah1 b t !y might "k !y ought to   
tea* conc]n+ ! spiritual k+dom t x does 
n *ange ! civil /ate4  ,!re=e private   
r$ress is prohibit$ n by advice1 b by a 
comm&1 ,matt4 #e1 #ci2 ,rom4 #ab1 #ai4  
,public r$ress :i* is made ?r\gh ! (fice
 ( ! magi/rate1 is n advis$ aga9/1 b is 
comm&$1 & is a "w ( ,god1 accord+ to    
,paul1 ,rom4 #ac1 #a sqq4  ,n[ ! diff]5t
 k9ds ( public r$ress are legal         
decisions1 capital puni%m5t1 w>s1       
milit>y s]vice4  ,x is manife/ h[       
incorrectly _m writ]s h judg$ conc]n+ ^!
 matt]s "s tea*]s h taught su* p]nici\s 

errors t ne>ly all pr9ces1 lords1       
knights1 s]vants reg>d$ _! prop] e/ate z
 secul>1 ungodly1 & damnable1 etc4 ,nor 
c x be fully express$ 9 words :at an    
unspeakable p]il & damage has result$ f 
?is to s\ls & consci5ces1 because !y 7 9
 ! error t ! ,gospel is an ext]nal1 new 
& mona/ic =m ( gov]nm5t1 & did n see t !
 ,gospel br+s et]nal righte\sness to    
he>ts tea*es h[ a p]son is r$eem$1 be=e 
,god & 9 8 consci5ce1 f s91 hell1 & !   
devil1 :ile x outw>dly approves ! civil 
/ate4  ,x is also a mo/ va9 delusion t x
 is ,*ri/ian p]fection n to hold        
prop]ty4  ,= ,*ri/ian p]fection consi/s 
n 9 ! contempt ( civil ord9ances1 b 9   
dispositions ( ! he>t1 9 great fe> (    
,god1 9 great fai?1 j z ,abraham1       
,david1 ,daniel1 ev5 9 great weal? &    
:ile ex]cis+ civil p[]1 7 no less p]fect
 ?an any h]mits4  ,b ! monks especially 
! ,b>efoot monks h spread ?is outw>d    
hypocrisy be=e ! eyes ( m51 s t x c\ld n
 be se5 9 :at ?+s true p]fection exi/s4 
,) :at praises h !y br\ght =w>d ?is     

communion ( prop]ty1 z ?\gh x 7         
evangelical6  ,b ^! praises h ! greate/ 
dang]1 especially s9ce !y diff] mu* f ! 
,scriptures4  ,= ,scripture does n comm&
 t prop]ty be common1 b ! ,law ( !      
,decalog1 :5 x says1 ,ex4 #bj1 #ae3 ,?or
 %alt n /eal1 di/+ui%es rights (        
own]%ip1 & comm&s ea* "o to hold :at is 
8 own4  ,wyclif manife/ly 0 rag+ :5 he  
said t prie/s 7 n all[$ to hold prop]ty4
  ,!re are inf9ite discussions conc]n+  
contracts1 9 ref]5ce to :i* good        
consci5ces c nev] be satisfi$ unless !y 
"k ! rule t x is lawful = a ,*ri/ian to 
make use ( civil ord9ances & laws4 ,?is 
rule protects consci5ces :5 x tea*es t  
contracts are lawful be=e ,god j to !   
ext5t t ! magi/rates or laws approve !m4
  ,?is entire topic conc]n+ civil       
affairs has be5 s cle>ly set =? by our  
!ologians t v _m good m5 occupi$ 9 !    
/ate & 9 bus9ess h decl>$ t !y h be5    
greatly b5efit$1 :o be=e1 tr\bl$ by !   
op9ion ( ! monks1 7 9 d\bt z to :e!r !  
,gospel all[$ ^! civil (fices & bus9ess4

  ,accord+ly1 we h rec\nt$ ^! ?+s 9 ord]
 t ^? )\t also may und]/& t by ! k9d (  
doctr9e :i* we foll[1 ! au?ority (      
magi/rates & ! dignity ( all civil      
ord9ances are n und]m9$1 b are all ! m  
/r5g!n$ & t x is only ?is doctr9e :i*   
gives true in/ruction z to h[ em95tly   
glori\s an (fice1 full ( good ,*ri/ian  
works1 ! (fice ( rul]s is4  ,!          
importance ( ^! matt]s 0 greatly obscur$
 previ\sly by ^? silly mona/ic op9ions1 
:i* f> pref]r$ ! hypocrisy ( pov]ty &   
humility to ! /ate & ! family1 al?\gh ^!
 h ,god's comm&1 :ile ?is ,platonic     
communion mona/icism has n ,god's comm&4
     ,"p #bb   ,article ,,xvii3 ,(      
,*ri/'s ,return to ,judgm5t4  ,!        
,sev5te5? ,article ! adv]s>ies receive  
)\t exception1 9 :i* we confess t at !  
consummation ( ! _w ,*ri/ %all appe>1 & 
%all raise up all ! dead1 & %all give to
 ! godly et]nal life & et]nal joys1 b   
%all condemn ! ungodly to be puni%$ ) ! 
devil )\t end4     ,"p #bc   ,article   
,,xviii3 ,( ,free ,w4  ,! ,eighte5?     

,article1 ,( ,free ,w1 ! adv]s>ies      
receive1 al?\gh !y add "s te/imonies n  
at all adapt$ to ?is case4 ,!y add also 
a declamation t nei!r1 ) ! ,pelagians1  
is too mu* to be grant$ to ! free w1    
nor1 ) ! ,mani*eans1 is all fre$om to be
 d5i$ x4  ,v well2 b :at diff]5ce is !re
 betwe5 ! ,pelagians & our adv]s>ies1   
s9ce bo? hold t )\t ! ,holy ,gho/ m5 c  
love ,god & p]=m ,god's comm&m5ts )     
respect to ! sub/ance ( ! acts1 & c m]it
 grace & ju/ification by works :i*      
reason p]=ms by itself1 )\t ! ,holy     
,gho/8  ,h[ _m absurdities foll[ f ^!   
,pelagian op9ions1 :i* are taught )     
great au?ority 9 ! s*ools6  ,^!         
,augu/9e1 foll[+ ,paul1 refutes pi?     
great emphasis1 ^: judgm5t we h rec\nt$ 
above 9 ! article ,( ,ju/ification4     
7,see p4 #aai & #aec47 ,nor1 inde$1 d we
 d5y lib]ty to ! human w4  ,! human w   
has lib]ty 9 ! *oice ( works & ?+s :i*  
reason compreh5ds by itself4  ,x c to a 
c]ta9 ext5t r5d] civil righte\sness or !
 righte\sness ( works2 x c speak ( ,god1

 (f] to ,god a c]ta9 s]vice by an outw>d
 "w1 obey magi/rates1 p>5ts2 9 ! *oice (
 an outw>d "w x c re/ra9 ! h&s f murd]1 
f adult]y1 f !ft4  ,s9ce !re is left 9  
human nature reason & judgem5t conc]n+  
objects subject$ to ! s5ses1 *oice      
betwe5 ^! ?+s1 & ! lib]ty & p[] to r5d] 
civil righte\sness1 are also left4  ,=  
,scripture calls ?is ! righte\sness ( ! 
fle% :i* ! c>nal nature1 i4e41 reason   
r5d]s by itself1 )\t ! ,holy ,gho/4     
,al?\gh ! p[] ( concupisc5ce is su* t m5
 m frequ5tly obey evil dispositions ?an 
s\nd judgm5t4  ,& ! devil1 :o is        
efficaci\s 9 ! godless1 z ,paul says    
,eph4 #b1 #b1 does n cease to incite ?is
 feeble nature to v>i\s (f5ses4  ,^! are
 ! reasons :y ev5 civil righte\sness is 
r>e among m51 z we see t n ev5 !        
philosoph]s !mselves1 :o seem to h      
aspir$ aft] ?is righte\sness1 atta9$ x4 
,b x is false to say t he :o p]=ms !    
works ( ! comm&m5ts )\t grace does n s94
 ,& !y add fur!r t su* works also m]it  
de congruo ! remission ( s9s &          

ju/ification4  ,= human he>ts )\t !     
,holy ,gho/ are )\t ! fe> ( ,god2 )\t   
tru/ t[>d ,god1 !y d n believe t !y are 
he>d1 =giv51 help$1 & pres]v$ by ,god4  
,!re=e !y are godless4  ,= nei!r c a    
corrupt tree br+ =? good fruit1 ,matt4  
#g1 #ah4 ,& )\t fai? x is impossible to 
please ,god1 ,heb4 #aa1 #f4  ,!re=e1    
al?\gh we conc$e free w ! lib]ty & p[]  
to p]=m ! outw>d works ( ! ,law1 yet we 
d n ascribe to free w ^! spiritual      
matt]s1 namely1 truly to fe> ,god1 truly
 to believe ,god1 truly to be confid5t &
 hold t ,god reg>ds u1 he>s u1 =gives u1
 etc4 ,^! are ! true works ( ! ,fir/    
,table1 :i* ! he>t _c r5d] )\t ! ,holy  
,gho/1 z ,paul says1 #a ,cor4 #b1 #ad3  
,! natural man1 i4e41 man us+ only      
natural /r5g?1 receive? n ! ?+s ( ! ,_s 
( ,god ,t is a p]son :o is n enlight5$  
by ! ,_s ( ,god does n1 by 8 natural    
reason1 receive any?+ ( ,god's w & div9e
 matt]s4 ,& ?is c be decid$ if m5       
consid] :at _! he>ts believe conc]n+    
,god's w1 :e!r !y are truly confid5t t  

!y are reg>d$ & he>d by ,god4  ,ev5 =   
sa9ts to reta9 ?is fai? &1 z ,pet] says 
7#a ,ep4 #a1 #h71 to risk & commit      
himself entirely to ,god1 :om he does n 
see1 to love ,*ri/1 & e/eem ,him highly1
 :om he does n see is difficult1 s f> is
 x f exi/+ 9 ! godless4  ,b x is        
conceiv$1 z we h said above1 :5 t]rifi$ 
he>ts he> ! ,gospel & receive           
consolation :5 we are born anew ( !     
,holy ,gho/4  ,!re=e su* a di/ribution  
is ( advantage 9 :i* civil righte\sness 
is ascrib$ to ! free w & spiritual      
righte\sness to ! gov]n+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/
 9 ! reg5]ate4 ,= ?us ! outw>d discipl9e
 is reta9$1 because all m5 ought to "k  
equally1 bo? t ,god requires ?is civil  
righte\sness ,god w n tol]ate indec5t1  
wild1 reckless conduct1 & t1 9 a        
measure1 we c af=d x4  ,& yet a         
di/9ction is %[n betwe5 human &         
spiritual righte\sness1 betwe5          
philosophical doctr9e & ! doctr9e ( !   
,holy ,gho/ & x c be und]/ood = :at !re 
is ne$ ( ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,nor has ?is   

di/ribution be5 inv5t$ by u1 b          
,scripture mo/ cle>ly tea*es x4         
,augu/9e also treats ( x1 & rec5tly x   
has be5 well treat$ ( by ,william (     
,p>is1 b x has be5 wick$ly suppress$ by 
^? :o h dreamt t m5 c obey ,god's ,law  
)\t ! ,holy ,gho/1 b t ! ,holy ,gho/ is 
giv5 9 ord] t1 9 addition1 x may be     
consid]$ m]itori\s4     ,"p #bd         
,article ,,xix3 ,( ! ,cause ( ,s94  ,!  
,n9ete5? ,article ! adv]s>ies receive1 9
 :i* we confess t1 al?\gh ,god only &   
alone has fram$ all nature1 & pres]ves  
all ?+s :i* exi/1 yet ,he is n ! cause (
 s91 b ! cause ( s9 is ! w 9 ! devil &  
m5 turn+ itself away f ,god1 accord+ to 
! say+ ( ,*ri/ conc]n+ ! devil1 ,john   
#h1 #dd3 ,:5 he speake? a lie1 he       
speake? ( 8 own4     ,"p #be   ,article 
,,xx3 ,( ,good ,works4  ,9 ! ,tw5tie?   
,article !y di/9ctly lay d[n ^! words1  
namely1 t !y reject & condemn our       
/atem5t t m5 d n m]it ! remission ( s9s 
by good works4  ,m>k ?is well6 ,!y      
cle>ly decl>e t !y reject & condemn ?is 

article4  ,:at is to be said on a       
subject s manife/8  ,"h ! fram]s ( !    
,confutation op5ly %[ by :at _s !y are  
l$4  ,= :at 9 ! ,*ur* is m c]ta9 ?an t !
 remission ( s9s occurs freely = ,*ri/'s
 sake1 t ,*ri/1 & n our works1 is !     
propitiation = s9s1 z ,pet] says1 ,acts 
#aj1 #dc3 ,to ,him give all ! prophets  
witness t ?r\gh ,8 "n1 :osoev] believe? 
on ,him1 %all receive remission ( s9s8  
,?is /rong te/imony ( all ! holy        
prophets may duly be call$ a decree ( ! 
ca?olic ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,= ev5 a s+le   
prophet is v highly e/eem$ by ,god & a  
treasure wor? ! :ole _w4 ,to ?is ,*ur* (
 ! prophets we w\ld r ass5t ?an to ^!   
ab&on$ writ]s ( ! ,confutation1 :o s    
impud5tly blaspheme ,*ri/4  ,= al?\gh   
!re 7 writ]s :o held t aft] ! remission 
( s9s m5 are j be=e ,god1 n by fai?1 b  
by works !mselves1 yet !y did n hold    
?is1 namely1 t ! remission ( s9s itself 
occurs on acc\nt ( our works1 & n freely
 = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,!re=e ! blasphemy (  
ascrib+ ,*ri/'s honor to our works is n 

to be endur$4  ,^! !ologians are n[     
entirely )\t %ame if !y d>e to br+ su*  
an op9ion into ! ,*ur*4  ,nor d we d\bt 
t ,8 ,mo/ ,excell5t ,imp]ial ,maje/y & v
 _m ( ! pr9ces w\ld n h all[$ ?is       
passage to rema9 9 ! ,confutation if !y 
_h be5 admoni%$ ( x4  ,"h we c\ld cite  
inf9ite te/imonies f ,scripture & f !   
,fa!rs t ?is article is c]ta9ly div9e & 
true1 & ?is is ! sacr$ & div9e tru?4  ,=
 !re is h>dly a syllable1 h>dly a leaf 9
 ! ,bible1 9 ! pr9cipal books ( ! ,holy 
,scriptures :]e ?is is n cle>ly /at$4 ,b
 also above we h said en\gh on ?is      
subject4  ,& !re is no ne$ ( m          
te/imonies = "o :o kn[s :y ,*ri/ has be5
 giv5 to u1 :o kn[s t ,*ri/ is !        
propitiation = our s9s4  ,god-fe>+1 pi\s
 he>ts t "k well :y ,*ri/ has be5 giv51 
:o = all ! possessions & k+doms ( ! _w  
w\ld n be )\t ,*ri/ z our only          
,treasure1 our only ,m$iator & ,r$eem]  
mu/ "h be %ock$ & t]rifi$ t ,god's holy 
,^w & ,tru? %\ld be s op5ly despis$ &   
condemn$ by poor m54 ,isaiah says1 #ec1 

#f3 ,! ,"l ha? laid on ,him ! iniquities
 ( u all4  ,! adv]s>ies1 on ! o!r h&1   
accuse ,isaiah & ! entire ,bible ( ly+ &
 tea* t ,god lays our iniquities n on   
,*ri/1 b on our begg>ly works4  ,nei!r  
are we dispos$ to m5tion "h ! sort (    
works ros>ies1 pilgrimages1 & ! l :i* !y
 tea*4  ,we see t a horrible decree has 
be5 prep>$ aga9/ u1 :i* w\ld t]rify u   
/ill m if we 7 cont5d+ conc]n+ d\btful  
or trifl+ subjects4  ,n[1 s9ce our      
consci5ces und]/& t by ! adv]s>ies !    
manife/ tru? is condemn$1 ^: def5se is  
necess>y = ! ,*ur* & increases ! glory (
 ,*ri/1 we easily despise ! t]rors ( !  
_w1 & ) a /rong _s w be> :atev] is to be
 suff]$ = ! glory ( ,*ri/ & ! advantage 
( ! ,*ur*4  ,:o w\ld n rejoice to die 9 
! confession ( su* articles z t we obta9
 ! remission ( s9s by fai? freely =     
,*ri/'s sake1 t we d n m]it ! remission 
( s9s by our works8  ,exp]i5ce %[s--& ! 
monks !mselves mu/ admit x--t ,!        
consci5ces ( ! pi\s w h no suffici5tly  
sure consolation aga9/ ! t]rors ( s9 & (

 dea?1 & aga9/ ! devil solicit+ to      
despair & :o 9 a mom5t bl[s away all our
 works l du/1 if !y d n "k t !y ought to
 be confid5t t !y h ! remission ( s9s   
freely = ,*ri/'s sake4  ,?is fai? su/a9s
 & quick5s he>ts 9 t mo/ viol5t conflict
 ) despair 9 ! great agony ( dea?1 9 !  
great angui%1 :5 no creature c help1    
yea1 :5 we mu/ dep>t f ?is entire       
visible creation into ano!r /ate & _w1 &
 mu/ die4  ,!re=e ! cause is "o :i* is  
wor?y t = its sake we %\ld refuse no    
dang]4  ,:osoev] y are t has ass5t$ to  
our ,confession1 d n yield to ! wick$1  
b1 on ! contr>y1 g =w>d ! m boldly1 :5 !
 adv]s>ies endeavor1 by means ( t]rors &
 tortures & puni%m5ts1 to drive away f y
 t consolation :i* has be5 t5d]$ to !   
entire ,*ur* 9 ?is article ( ours b )   
all *e]fulness rely confid5tly & gladly 
on ,god & ! ,"l ,jesus1 & joyfully      
confess ?is manife/ tru? 9 opposition to
 ! tyranny1 wra?1 ?reat5+1 & t]rors (   
all ! _w1 yea1 9 opposition to ! daily  
murd]s & p]secution ( tyrants4  ,= :o   

w\ld suff] to h tak5 f him ?is great1   
yea1 ev]la/+ consolation on :i* ! entire
 salvation ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian ,*ur*      
dep5ds8  ,any "o :o picks up ! ,bible & 
reads x e>ne/ly w soon obs]ve t ?is     
doctr9e has its f\ndation ev]y:]e 9 !   
,bible4  ,te/imonies ( ,scripture w n be
 want+ to "o seek+ !m1 :i* w e/abli% 8  
m9d4  ,= ,paul at ! top ( 8 voice1 z !  
say+ is1 cries out1 ,rom4 #c1 #bd f41 & 
#d1 #af1 t s9s are freely remitt$ =     
,*ri/'s sake4  ,x is ( fai?1 he says1 t 
x might be by grace1 to ! end ! promise 
might be sure4  ,t is1 if ! promise w\ld
 dep5d ^u our works1 x w\ld n be sure4  
,if remission ( s9s w\ld be giv5 on     
acc\nt ( our works1 :5 w\ld we "k t we  
_h obta9$ x1 :5 w\ld a t]rifi$ consci5ce
 f9d a "w :i* x w\ld consid] suffici5t  
to appease ,god's wra?8  ,b we spoke ( !
 entire matt] above4  ,!nce let ! read] 
d]ive te/imonies4  ,= ! unwor?y treatm5t
 ( ! subject has =c$ f u ! pres5t1 n    
discussion1 b compla9t t on ?is topic !y
 h di/9ctly record$ !mselves z          

disapprov+ ( ?is article ( ours1 t we   
obta9 remission ( s9s n on acc\nt ( our 
works1 b by fai? & freely on acc\nt (   
,*ri/4  ,! adv]s>ies also add te/imonies
 to _! own condemnation1 & x is wor?    
:ile to recite sev]al ( !m4  ,!y quote f
 ,pet]1 #b4 ,ep4 #a1 #aj3 ,give dilig5ce
 to make y\r call+ sure1 etc44  ,n[ y   
see1 read]1 t our adv]s>ies h n wa/$    
labor 9 le>n+ logic1 b h ! art ( inf]r+ 
f ! ,scriptures :atev] pleases !m :e!r x
 is 9 h>mony ) ! ,scriptures or out (   
h>mony2 :e!r x is correctly or          
incorrectly conclud$4 ,= !y conclude    
?us3 ,make y\r call+ sure by good works4
 ,!re=e works m]it ! remission ( s9s4   
,a v agreeable mode ( reason+1 if "o    
w\ld argue ?us conc]n+ a p]son s5t5c$ to
 capital puni%m5t1 ^: puni%m5t has be5  
remitt$3 ,! magi/rate comm&s t h]eaft] y
 ab/a9 f t :i* belongs to ano!r4  ,!re=e
 y h m]it$ ! remission ( ! p5alty1      
because y are n[ ab/a9+ f :at belongs to
 ano!r4 ,?us to argue is to make a cause
 out ( t :i* is n a cause4 ,= ,pet]     

speaks ( works foll[+ ! remission ( s9s1
 & tea*es :y !y %\ld be done1 namely1 t 
! call+ may be sure1 i4e41 le/ !y may   
fall f _! call+ if !y s9 aga94  ,d good 
works t y may p]sev]e 9 y\r call+1 t y d
 n fall away aga91 gr[ cold & may n lose
 ! gifts ( y\r call+1 :i* 7 giv5 y be=e1
 & n on acc\nt ( works t foll[1 & :i* n[
 are reta9$ by fai?1 = fai? does n rema9
 9 ^? :o lose ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o reject  
rep5tance1 j z we h said above 7p4 #bec7
 t fai? exi/s 9 rep5tance4  ,!y add o!r 
te/imonies coh]+ no bett]4  ,la/ly !y   
say t ?is op9ion 0 condemn$ a ?\s& ye>s 
be=e1 9 ! "t ( ,augu/9e4  ,?is also is q
 false4  ,= ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ always held 
t ! remission ( s9s is obta9$ freely4   
,yea1 ! ,pelagians 7 condemn$1 :o       
cont5d$ t grace is giv5 on acc\nt ( our 
works4  ,besides1 we h above %[n        
suffici5tly t we hold t good works ought
 necess>ily to foll[ fai?4  ,= we d n   
make void ! ,law1 says ,paul1 ,rom4 #c1 
#ca2 yea1 we e/abli% ! ,law1 because :5 
by fai? we h receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/1 !   

fulfill+ ( ! ,law necess>ily foll[s1 by 
:i* love1 pati5ce1 *a/ity1 & o!r fruits 
( ! ,_s gradually gr[4     ,"p #bf   ,! 
,tw5ty-fir/ ,article !y absolutely      
condemn1 because we d n require !       
invocation ( sa9ts4  ,nor on any topic d
 !y speak m eloqu5tly & ) m prolixity4  
,nev]!less !y d n effect any?+ else ?an 
t ! sa9ts %\ld be honor$2 likewise1 t ! 
sa9ts :o live pray = o!rs2 z ?\gh1      
inde$1 ! invocation ( dead sa9ts 7 on t 
acc\nt necess>y4  ,!y cite ,cyprian1    
because he ask$ ,cornelius :ile yet     
alive to pray = 8 bro!rs :5 dep>t+4  ,by
 ?is example !y prove ! invocation ( !  
dead4  ,!y quote also ,j]ome aga9/      
,vigilantius4  ,on ?is field 9 ?is      
matt]1 !y say1 elev5 hundr$ ye>s ago1   
,j]ome ov]came ,vigilantius4 ,?us !     
adv]s>ies triumph1 z ?\gh ! w> 7 already
 end$4  ,nor d ^? asses see t 9 ,j]ome1 
aga9/ ,vigilantius1 !re is n a syllable 
conc]n+ invocation4 ,he speaks conc]n+  
honors = ! sa9ts1 n conc]n+ invocation4 
,nei!r h ! re/ ( ! anci5t writ]s be=e   

,gregory made m5tion ( invocation4      
,c]ta9ly ?is invocation1 ) ^! op9ions   
:i* ! adv]s>ies n[ tea* conc]n+ !       
application ( m]its1 has n ! te/imonies 
( ! anci5t writ]s4  ,our ,confession    
approves honors to ! sa9ts4  ,= "h a    
?reefold honor is to be approv$4  ,!    
fir/ is ?anksgiv+4  ,= we ought to give 
?anks to ,god because ,he has %[n       
examples ( m]cy1 because ,he has %[n t  
,he wi%es to save m52 because ,he has   
giv5 tea*]s or o!r gifts to ! ,*ur*4  ,&
 ^! gifts1 z !y are ! greate/1 %\ld be  
amplifi$1 & ! sa9ts !mselves %\ld be    
prais$1 :o h fai?fully us$ ^! gifts1 j z
 ,*ri/ praises fai?ful bus9ess-m51      
,matt4 #be1 #ba4 #bc4 ,! second s]vice  
is ! /r5g!n+ ( our fai? :5 we see !     
d5ial =giv5 ,pet] we also are enc\rag$  
to believe ! m t grace truly sup]ab\nds 
ov] s91 ,rom4 #e1 #bj4 ,! ?ird honor is 
! imitation1 fir/1 ( fai?1 !n ( ! o!r   
virtues :i* e "o %\ld imitate accord+ to
 8 call+4  ,^! true honors ! adv]s>ies d
 n require4  ,!y dispute only conc]n+   

invocation1 :i*1 ev5 ?\gh x w\ld h no   
dang]1 nev]!less is n necess>y4         
,besides1 we also grant t ! angels pray 
= u4  ,= !re is a te/imony 9 ,ze*4 #a1  
#ab1 :]e an angel prays3 ,o ,"l ( ho/s1 
h[ long wilt ,?\ n h m]cy on ,j]usalem8 
,al?\gh conc]n+ ! sa9ts we conc$e t1 j  
z1 :5 alive1 !y pray = ! ,*ur* univ]sal 
9 g5]al1 s 9 heav5 !y pray = ! ,*ur* 9  
g5]al1 albeit no te/imony conc]n+ !     
pray+ ( ! dead is extant 9 !            
,scriptures1 except ! dream tak5 f !    
,second ,book ( ,maccabees1 #ae1 #ad4   
,moreov]1 ev5 suppos+ t ! sa9ts pray = !
 ,*ur* ev] s mu*1 yet x does n foll[ t  
!y are to be invok$2 al?\gh our         
,confession affirms only ?is1 t         
,scripture does n tea* ! invocation ( ! 
sa9ts1 or t we are to ask ! sa9ts = aid4
 ,b s9ce nei!r a comm&1 nor a promise1  
nor an example c be produc$ f !         
,scriptures conc]n+ ! invocation (      
sa9ts1 x foll[s t consci5ce c h no?+    
conc]n+ ?is invocation t is c]ta94  ,&  
s9ce pray] ought to be made f fai?1 h[ d

 we "k t ,god approves ?is invocation8  
,:5ce d we "k )\t ! te/imony (          
,scripture t ! sa9ts p]ceive ! pray]s ( 
ea* "o8  ,"s pla9ly ascribe div9ity to !
 sa9ts namely1 t !y disc]n ! sil5t      
?\ghts ( ! m9ds 9 u4 ,!y dispute conc]n+
 morn+ & ev5+ k1 p]haps because !y d\bt 
:e!r !y he> u 9 ! morn+ or ! ev5+4 ,!y  
inv5t ^! ?+s1 n 9 ord] to treat ! sa9ts 
) honor1 b to def5d lucrative s]vices4  
,no?+ c be produc$ by ! adv]s>ies aga9/ 
?is reason+1 t1 s9ce invocation does n h
 a te/imony f ,god's ,^w1 x _c be       
affirm$ t ! sa9ts und]/& our invocation1
 or1 ev5 if !y und]/& x1 t ,god approves
 x4  ,!re=e ! adv]s>ies ought n to =ce u
 to an unc]ta9 matt]1 because a pray]   
)\t fai? is n pray]4  ,= :5 !y cite !   
example ( ! ,*ur*1 x is evid5t t ?is is 
a new cu/om 9 ! ,*ur*2 = al?\gh ! old   
pray]s make m5tion ( ! sa9ts1 yet !y d n
 invoke ! sa9ts4 ,al?\gh also ?is new   
invocation 9 ! ,*ur* is dissimil> to !  
invocation ( individuals4  ,aga91 !     
adv]s>ies n only require invocation 9 ! 

wor%ip ( ! sa9ts1 b also apply ! m]its (
 ! sa9ts to o!rs1 & make ( ! sa9ts n    
only int]cessors1 b also propitiators4  
,?is is 9 no way to be endur$4  ,= "h ! 
honor belong+ only to ,*ri/ is altoge!r 
transf]r$ to ! sa9ts4  ,= !y make !m    
m$iators & propitiators1 & al?\gh !y    
make a di/9ction betwe5 m$iators (      
int]cession & m$iators ! ,m$iator (     
r$emption1 yet !y pla9ly make ( ! sa9ts 
m$iators ( r$emption4  ,b ev5 t !y are  
m$iators ( int]cession !y decl>e )\t    
te/imony ( ,scripture1 :i*1 be x said   
ev] s rev]5tly1 nev]!less obscures      
,*ri/'s (fice1 & transf]s ! confid5ce ( 
m]cy due ,*ri/ to ! sa9ts4  ,= m5 imag9e
 t ,*ri/ is m sev]e & ! sa9ts m easily  
appeas$1 & !y tru/ r to ! m]cy ( ! sa9ts
 ?an to ! m]cy ( ,*ri/1 & flee+ f ,*ri/ 
z f a tyrant1 !y seek ! sa9ts4 ,?us !y  
actually make ( !m m$iators ( r$emption4
  ,!re=e we %all %[ t !y truly make ( ! 
sa9ts1 n only int]cessors1 b            
propitiators1 i4e41 m$iators (          
r$emption4  ,"h we d n z yet recite !   

abuses ( ! common p h[ manife/ idolatry 
is practic$ at pilgrimages4  ,we are    
/ill speak+ ( ! op9ions ( ! ,doctors4   
,z reg>ds ! re/1 ev5 ! inexp]i5c$ common
 p c judge4  ,9 a propitiator ^! two ?+s
 concur4  ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re ought to 
be a ^w ( ,god f :i* we may c]ta9ly "k t
 ,god wi%es to pity1 & he>k5 to1 ^?     
call+ ^u ,him ?r\gh ?is propitiator4    
,!re is su* a promise conc]n+ ,*ri/1    
,john #af #bc3 ,:atsoev] ye %all ask !  
,fa!r 9 ,my "n1 ,he w give x y4 ,conc]n+
 ! sa9ts !re is no su* promise4  ,!re=e 
consci5ces _c be firmly confid5t t by ! 
invocation ( sa9ts we are he>d4  ,?is   
invocation1 !re=e1 is n made f fai?4    
,!n we h also ! comm& to call ^u ,*ri/1 
accord+ to ,matt4 #aa1 #bh3 ,come unto  
,me1 all ye t labor1 etc41 :i* c]ta9ly  
is said also to u4  ,& ,isaiah says1    
#aa1aj3 ,9 t day !re %all be a root (   
,jesse1 :i* %all /& = an ensign to ! p2 
to x %all ! ,g5tiles seek4  ,& ,ps4 #de1
 #ab3 ,ev5 ! ri* among ! p %all entreat 
,?y favor4  ,& ,ps4 #gb1 #aa4 #af3 ,yea1

 all k+s %all fall d[n be=e ,him4  ,&   
%ortly aft]3 ,pray] also %all be made = 
,him cont9ually4  ,& 9 ,john #f1 #bc    
,*ri/ says3 ,t all m5 %\ld honor ! ,son 
ev5 z !y honor ! ,fa!r4 ,& ,paul1 #b    
,!ss4 #b1 #af4 #ag1 says1 pray+3 ,n[ our
 ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ ,himself1 & ,god1 ev5 
our ,fa!r1444 com=t y\r he>ts & /abli%  
y4  ,all ^! passages ref] to ,*ri/4 ,b  
conc]n+ ! invocation ( sa9ts1 :at       
comm&m5t1 :at example c ! adv]s>ies     
produce f ! ,scriptures8  ,! second     
matt] 9 a propitiator is1 t 8 m]its h   
be5 pres5t$ z ^? :i* make satisfaction =
 o!rs1 :i* are be/[$ by div9e imputation
 on o!rs1 9 ord] t ?r\gh ^!1 j z by _!  
own m]its1 !y may be acc\nt$ righte\s4  
,z :5 any fri5d pays a debt = a fri5d1 !
 debtor is fre$ by ! m]it ( ano!r1 z    
?\gh x 7 by 8 own4  ,?us ! m]its ( ,*ri/
 are be/[$ ^u u1 9 ord] t1 :5 we believe
 9 ,him1 we may be acc\nt$ righte\s by  
our confid5ce 9 ,*ri/'s m]its z ?\gh we 
_h m]its ( our own4  ,& f bo?1 namely1 f
 ! promise & ! be/[m5t ( m]its1         

confid5ce 9 m]cy arises ^u bo? p>ts mu/ 
a ,*ri/ian pray] be f\nd$4  ,su*        
confid5ce 9 ! div9e promise1 & likewise 
9 ! m]its ( ,*ri/1 ought to be br\ght   
=w>d :5 we pray4  ,= we ought to be     
truly confid5t1 bo? t = ,*ri/'s sake we 
are he>d1 & t by ,8 m]its we h a        
reconcil$ ,fa!r4  ,"h ! adv]s>ies fir/  
bid u invoke ! sa9ts1 al?\gh !y h nei!r 
,god's promise1 nor a comm&1 nor an     
example f ,scripture4  ,& yet !y cause  
great] confid5ce 9 ! m]cy ( ! sa9ts to  
be conceiv$ ?an 9 t ( ,*ri/1 al?\gh     
,*ri/ bade u come to ,him & n to !      
sa9ts4  ,secondly1 !y apply ! m]its ( ! 
sa9ts1 j z ! m]its ( ,*ri/1 to o!rs1 !y 
bid u tru/ 9 ! m]its ( ! sa9ts z ?\gh we
 7 acc\nt$ righte\s on acc\nt ( ! m]its 
( ! sa9ts1 9 l mann] z we are acc\nt$   
righte\s by ! m]its ( ,*ri/4  ,"h we    
fabricate no?+4  ,9 indulg5ces !y say t 
!y apply ! m]its ( ! sa9ts z            
satisfactions = our s9s4  ,& ,gabriel1 !
 int]pret] ( ! canon ( ! ,mass1         
confid5tly decl>es3 ,accord+ to ! ord]  

in/itut$ by ,god we %\ld betake         
ourselves to ! aid ( ! sa9ts1 9 ord] t  
we may be sav$ by _! m]its & v[s4  ,^!  
are ! words ( ,gabriel4  ,& nev]!less 9 
! books & s]mons ( ! adv]s>ies /ill m   
absurd ?+s are read "h & !re4  ,:at is x
 to make propitiators if ?is is n8  ,!y 
are altoge!r made equal to ,*ri/ if we  
mu/ tru/ t we are sav$ by _! m]its4  ,b 
:]e has ?is arrangem5t1 to :i* he ref]s 
:5 he says t we ought to resort to ! aid
 ( ! sa9ts1 be5 in/itut$ by ,god8 ,let  
him produce an example or comm& f !     
,scriptures4  ,p]haps !y d]ive ?is      
arrangem5t f ! c\rts ( k+s1 :]e fri5ds  
mu/ be employ$ z int]cessors4  ,b if a  
k+ has appo9t$ a c]ta9 int]cessor1 he w 
n desire t eases be br\ght to him ?r\gh 
o!rs4  ,?us1 s9ce ,*ri/ has be5 appo9t$ 
,int]cessor & ,high ,prie/1 :y d we seek
 o!rs8  ,:at c ! adv]s>ies say 9 reply  
to ?is8  ,"h & !re ?is =m ( absolution  
is us$3 ,! passion ( our "l ,jesus ,*ri/
 ! m]its ( ! mo/ bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y & ( 
all ! sa9ts1 be to !e = ! remission (   

s9s4  ,"h ! absolution is pron\nc$ on ! 
supposition t we are reconcil$ & acc\nt$
 righte\s n only by ! m]its ( ,*ri/1 b  
also by ! m]its ( ! o!r sa9ts4  ,"s ( u 
h se5 a doctor ( !ology dy+1 = consol+  
:om a c]ta9 !ologian1 a monk1 0 employ$4
  ,he press$ on ! dy+ man no?+ b ?is    
pray]3 ,"m ( grace1 protect u f ! enemy2
 receive u 9 ! h\r ( dea?4  ,grant+ t ! 
bless$ ,m>y prays = ! ,*ur*1 does %e    
receive s\ls 9 dea?1 does %e conqu] dea?
 ! great p[] ( ,satan1 does %e quick58  
,:at does ,*ri/ d if ! bless$ ,m>y does 
^! ?+s8  ,al?\gh %e is mo/ wor?y ( ! mo/
 ample honors1 nev]!less %e does n wi%  
to be made equal to ,*ri/1 b r wi%es u  
to consid] & foll[ h] example ! example 
( h] fai? & h] humility4  ,b ! subject  
itself decl>es t 9 public op9ion !      
bless$ ,virg9 has succe$$ altoge!r to ! 
place ( ,*ri/4  ,m5 h invok$ h]1 h tru/$
 9 h] m]cy1 ?r\gh h] h desir$ to appease
 ,*ri/1 z ?\gh ,he 7 n a ,propitiator1 b
 only a dreadful judge & av5g]4  ,we    
believe1 h[ev]1 t we mu/ n tru/ t !     

m]its ( ! sa9ts are appli$ to u1 t on   
acc\nt ( ^! ,god is reconcil$ to u1 or  
acc\nts u j1 or saves u4  ,= we obta9   
remission ( s9s only by ! m]its ( ,*ri/1
 :5 we believe 9 ,him4  ,( ! o!r sa9ts x
 has be5 said1 #a ,cor4 #c1 #h3 ,e man  
%all receive 8 own rew>d accord+ to 8   
own labor1 i4e41 !y _c mutually be/[ _! 
own m]its1 ! "o ^u ! o!r1 z ! monks sell
 ! m]its ( _! ord]s4  ,ev5 ,hil>y says (
 ! fooli% virg9s3 ,& z ! fooli% virg9s  
c\ld n g =? ) _! lamps ext+ui%$1 !y     
bes\ght ^? :o 7 prud5t to l5d !m oil2 to
 :om !y repli$ t !y c\ld n give x       
because p]adv5ture !re might n be en\gh 
= all2 i4e41 no "o c be aid$ by ! works 
& m]its ( ano!r1 because x is necess>y =
 e "o to buy oil = 8 own lamp4  ,"h he  
po9ts out t none ( u c aid ano!r by o!r 
p's works or m]its4  ,s9ce1 !re=e1 !    
adv]s>ies tea* u to place confid5ce 9 ! 
invocation ( sa9ts1 al?\gh !y h nei!r ! 
,^w ( ,god nor ! example ( ,scripture ( 
! ,old or ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 s9ce !y    
apply ! m]its ( ! sa9ts on behalf (     

o!rs1 n o!rwise ?an !y apply ! m]its (  
,*ri/1 & transf] ! honor belong+ only to
 ,*ri/ to ! sa9ts1 we c receive nei!r _!
 op9ions conc]n+ ! wor%ip ( ! sa9ts1 nor
 ! practise ( invocation4  ,= we "k t   
confid5ce is to be plac$ 9 ! int]cession
 ( ,*ri/1 because ?is alone has ,god's  
promise4  ,we "k t ! m]its ( ,*ri/ alone
 are a propitiation = u4  ,on acc\nt ( !
 m]its ( ,*ri/ we are acc\nt$ righte\s  
:5 we believe 9 ,him1 z ! text says1    
,rom4 #i1 #cc 7cf4 #a ,pet4 #b1 #f &    
,is4 #bh1 #af73 ,:osoev] believe? on    
,him %all n be conf\nd$4  ,nei!r are we 
to tru/ t we are acc\nt$ righte\s by !  
m]its ( ! bless$ ,virg9 or ( ! o!r      
sa9ts4  ,) ! le>n$ ?is error also       
prevails namely1 t to ea* sa9t a        
p>ticul> adm9i/ration has be5 committ$1 
t ,anna be/[s ri*es protects f pov]ty1  
,seba/ian keeps (f pe/il5ce1 ,val5t9e   
heals epilepsy1 ,george protects        
horsem54  ,^! op9ions h cle>ly sprung f 
hea!n examples4  ,= ?us1 among ! ,romans
 ,juno 0 ?\ght to enri*1 ,febris to keep

 (f fev]1 ,ca/or & ,pollux to protect   
horsem51 etc4 ,ev5 ?\gh we %\ld imag9e t
 ! invocation ( sa9ts 7 taught ) !      
greate/ prud5ce1 yet s9ce ! example is  
mo/ dang]\s1 :y is x necess>y to def5d x
 :5 x has no comm& or te/imony f ,god's 
,^w8  ,aye1 x has n ev5 ! te/imony ( !  
anci5t writ]s4  ,fir/ because1 z ,i h   
said above1 :5 o!r m$iators are s\ght 9 
addition to ,*ri/1 & confid5ce is put 9 
o!rs1 ! entire k ( ,*ri/ is suppress$4  
,! subject %[s ?is4  ,9 ! beg9n+1 m5tion
 ( ! sa9ts seems to h be5 admitt$ ) a   
design t is endurable1 z 9 ! anci5t     
pray]s4  ,aft]w>ds invocation foll[$1 & 
abuses t are prodigi\s & m ?an hea!ni%  
foll[$ invocation4  ,f invocation ! next
 /ep 0 to images2 ^! also 7 wor%ip$1 & a
 virtue 0 suppos$ to exi/ 9 ^!1 j z     
magicians imag9e t a virtue exi/s 9     
images ( ! heav5ly bodies c>v$ at a     
p>ticul> "t4  ,9 a c]ta9 mona/]y we "s (
 u h se5 a /atue ( ! bless$ ,virg91 :i* 
mov$ automatically by a trick )9 by a   
/r+1 s z to seem ei!r to turn away f ^? 

:o did n make a l>ge (f]+ or nod to ^?  
mak+ reque/4  ,/ill ! fabul\s /ories    
conc]n+ ! sa9ts1 :i* are publicly taught
 ) great au?ority1 surpass ! m>vel\s    
tales ( ! /atues & pictures4  ,b>b>a1   
amid/ h] torm5ts1 asks = ! rew>d t no "o
 :o w\ld invoke h] %\ld die )\t !       
,eu*>i/4  ,ano!r1 /&+ on "o foot1 recit$
 daily ! :ole psalt]y4  ,"s wise man    
pa9t$ = *ildr5 ,*ri/ophorus :i* 9 ,g]man
 means ,be>] ( ,*ri/1 9 ord] by !       
allegory to signify t !re ought to be   
great /r5g? ( m9d 9 ^? :o w\ld be>      
,*ri/1 i4e41 :o w\ld tea* or confess !  
,gospel1 because x is necess>y to und]go
 ! greate/ dang]s = !y mu/ wade by night
 ?r\gh ! great sea1 i4e41 endure all    
k9ds ( temptations & dang]s4  ,!n !     
fooli% monks taught among ! p t !y ought
 to invoke ,*i/ophorus1 z ?\gh su* a    
,polyphemus su* a giant :o bore ,*ri/   
?r\gh ! sea _h once exi/$4  ,& al?\gh ! 
sa9ts p]=m$ v great de$s1 ei!r useful to
 ! /ate or af=d+ private examples !     
remembrance ( :i* w\ld conduce mu* bo?  

t[>d /r5g!n+ fai? & t[>d foll[+ _!      
example 9 ! adm9i/ration ( affairs1 no  
"o has se>*$ = ^! f true n>ratives4     
,al?\gh ,god ,almighty ?r\gh ,8 sa9ts1 z
 a peculi> p1 has wr\ght _m great ?+s 9 
bo? realms1 9 ! ,*ur* & 9 worldly       
transactions2 al?\gh !re are _m great   
examples 9 ! lives ( ! sa9ts :i* w\ld be
 v pr(itable to pr9ces & lords1 to true 
pa/ors & gu>dians ( s\ls1 = ! gov]nm5t  
bo? ( ! _w & ( ! ,*ur*1 especially =    
/r5g!n+ fai? 9 ,god1 yet !y h pass$ ^!  
by1 & prea*$ ! mo/ insignificant matt]s 
conc]n+ ! sa9ts1 conc]n+ _! h>d b$s _!  
hair %irts1 etc41 :i*1 = ! great] "p1   
are falsehoods4 ,yet inde$ x is (       
advantage to he> h[ holy m5 adm9i/]$    
gov]nm5ts z 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures x is  
n>rat$ ( ! k+s ( ,israel & ,judah1 :at  
calamities1 :at dang]s !y und]w5t1 h[   
holy m5 7 ( aid to k+s 9 great dang]s1  
h[ !y taught ! ,gospel1 :at enc\nt]s !y 
_h ) h]etics4  ,examples ( m]cy are also
 ( s]vice1 z :5 we see ! d5ial =giv5    
,pet]1 :5 we see ,cyprian =giv5 = hav+  

be5 a magician1 :5 we see ,augu/9e1 hav+
 exp]i5c$ ! p[] ( fai? 9 sickness       
/eadily affirm+ t ,god truly he>s !     
pray]s ( believ]s4  ,x 0 pr(itable t su*
 examples z ^!1 :i* conta9 admonitions =
 ei!r fai? or fe> or ! adm9i/ration ( ! 
/ate1 be recit$4  ,b c]ta9 trifl]s1     
end[$ ) no k ei!r ( fai? or = gov]n+    
/ates1 h inv5t$ /ories 9 imitation (    
poems1 9 :i* !re are no?+ b sup]/iti\s  
examples conc]n+ c]ta9 pray]s1 c]ta9    
fa/+s1 & c]ta9 additions ( s]vice = br++
 9 ga9 :]e !re are no?+ b examples z to 
h[ ! sa9ts wore hair %irts1 h[ !y pray$ 
at ! sev5 canonical h\rs h[ !y liv$ ^u  
bread & wat]4  ,su* are ! miracles t h  
be5 inv5t$ conc]n+ ros>ies & simil>     
c]emonies4  ,nor is !re ne$ "h to recite
 examples4  ,= ! leg5ds1 z !y call !m1 &
 ! mirrors ( examples1 & ! ros>ies1 9   
:i* !re are v _m ?+s n unlike ! true    
n>ratives ( ,lucian1 are extant4  ,!    
bi%ops1 !ologians1 & monks applaud ^!   
mon/r\s & wick$ /ories ?is abom9ation   
set up aga9/ ,*ri/1 ?is blasphemy1 ^!   

sc&al\s1 %ameless lies1 ^! ly+ prea*]s2 
& !y h p]mitt$ !m s long1 to ! great    
injury ( consci5ces1 t x is t]rible to  
?9k ( x because !y aid !m to _! daily   
bread4  ,!y d n tol]ate u1 :o1 9 ord] t 
! honor & (fice ( ,*ri/ may be m        
conspicu\s1 d n require ! invocation (  
sa9ts1 & c5sure ! abuses 9 ! wor%ip (   
sa9ts4  ,& al?\gh ev5 _! own !ologians1 
all good m5 ev]y:]e a long "t be=e ,dr4 
,lu!r began to write 9 ! correction ( ^!
 abuses1 greatly long$ = ei!r ! au?ority
 ( ! bi%ops or ! dilig5ce ( ! prea*]s1  
nev]!less our adv]s>ies 9 ! ,confutation
 altoge!r pass ov] vices t are ev5      
manife/1 z ?\gh !y wi%1 by ! reception (
 ! ,confutation1 to compel u to approve 
ev5 ! mo/ notori\s abuses4  ,?us !      
,confutation has be5 deceitfully writt51
 n only on ?is topic1 b almo/ ev]y:]e4  
,!y pret5d t !y are z pure z gold1 t !y 
h nev] muddl$ ! wat]4 ,!re is no passage
 9 :i* !y make a di/9ction betwe5 !     
manife/ abuses & _! dogmas4  ,&         
nev]!less1 if !re are any ( s\nd] m9d   

among !m !y confess t _m false op9ions  
inh]e 9 ! doctr9e ( ! s*ola/ics &       
canoni/s1 &1 besides1 t 9 su* ignorance 
& neglig5ce ( ! pa/ors _m abuses crept  
into ! ,*ur*4  ,= ,lu!r 0 n ! only "o   
nor ! fir/ to compla9 ( innum]able      
public abuses4  ,_m le>n$ & excell5t m5 
long be=e ^! times deplor$ ! abuses ( ! 
,mass1 confid5ce 9 mona/ic obs]vances1  
s]vices to ! sa9ts int5d$ to yield a    
rev5ue1 ! confusion ( ! doctr9e conc]n+ 
rep5tance conc]n+ ,*ri/1 :i* ought to be
 z cle> & pla9 9 ! ,*ur* z possible )\t 
:i* !re _c be nor rema9 a ,*ri/ian      
,*ur*4  ,we ourselves h he>d t excell5t 
!ologians desire mod]ation 9 ! s*ola/ic 
doctr9e :i* conta9s mu* m =             
philosophical qu>rels ?an = piety4  ,&  
nev]!less1 among ^! ! old] ones are     
g5]ally ne>] ,scripture ?an are ! m     
rec5t4  ,?us _! !ology deg5]at$ m & m4  
,nei!r _h _m good m51 :o f ! v fir/     
began to be fri5dly to ,lu!r1 any o!r   
reason ?an t !y saw t he 0 free+ ! m9ds 
( m5 f ^! labyr9?s ( mo/ confus$ &      

inf9ite discussions :i* exi/ among !    
s*ola/ic !ologians & canoni/s1 & 0 tea*+
 ?+s pr(itable = godl9ess4  ,!          
adv]s>ies1 !re=e1 h n act$ c&idly 9     
pass+ ov] ! abuses :5 !y wi%$ u to ass5t
 to ! ,confutation4  ,& if !y wi%$ to   
c>e = ! int]e/s ( ! ,*ur* & ( ,buffet$  
consci5ces1 & n r to ma9ta9 _! pomp &   
av>ice especially on t topic1 at ?is    
occasion !y ought to exhort our mo/     
excell5t ,emp]or to take measures = !   
correction ( abuses :i* furni% gr\nds = 
d]ision among ! ,turks1 ! ,jews1 & all  
unbeliev]s1 z we obs]ve pla9ly en\gh t  
he is mo/ desir\s ( heal+ & well        
e/abli%+ ! ,*ur*4  ,b ! adv]s>ies d n   
act z to aid ! mo/ honorable & mo/ holy 
w ( ! ,emp]or1 b s z 9 e way to cru% !  
tru? & u4  ,_m signs %[ t !y h little   
anxiety conc]n+ ! /ate ( ! ,*ur*4  ,!y  
lose little sleep f conc]n t ,*ri/ian   
doctr9e & ! pure ,gospel be prea*$4 ,!y 
take no pa9s t !re %\ld be among ! p a  
summ>y ( ! dogmas ( ! ,*ur*4  ,! (fice (
 ! m9i/ry !y p]mit to be q desolate4 ,!y

 def5d manife/ abuses !y cont9ue e day  
to %$ innoc5t blood by new & unusual    
cruelty4  ,!y all[ no suitable tea*]s 9 
! *ur*es4  ,good m5 c easily judge :i!r 
^! ?+s t5d4  ,b 9 ?is way !y h no reg>d 
to ! int]e/ ei!r ( _! own au?ority or ( 
! ,*ur*4  ,= aft] ! good tea*]s h be5   
kill$ & s\nd doctr9e suppress$1         
fanatical spirits w rise up1 :om !      
adv]s>ies w n be able to re/ra91 :o bo? 
w di/urb ! ,*ur* ) godless dogmas1 & w  
ov]?r[ ! entire ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t1 
:i* we are v greatly desir\s ( ma9ta9+4 
,!re=e1 mo/ excell5t ,emp]or ,*>les = ! 
sake ( ! glory ( ,*ri/1 :i* we h no d\bt
 t y desire to praise & magnify1 we     
besee* y n to ass5t to ! viol5t c\nsels 
( our adv]s>ies1 b to seek o!r honorable
 ways ( s e/abli%+ h>mony t godly       
consci5ces are n burd5$1 t no cruelty is
 ex]cis$ aga9/ innoc5t m51 z we h hi!rto
 se51 & t s\nd doctr9e is n suppress$ 9 
! ,*ur*4  ,to ,god mo/ ( all y owe !    
duty z f> z ?is is possible to man to   
ma9ta9 s\nd doctr9e & h& x d[n to       

po/]ity1 & to def5d ^? :o tea* :at is   
"r4  ,= ,god dem&s ?is :5 ,he honors k+s
 ) ,8 own "n & calls !m gods1 say+1 ,ps4
 #hb1 #f3 ,i h said1 ,ye are gods1      
namely1 t !y %\ld att5d to ! pres]vation
 & propagation ( div9e ?+s1 i4e41 !     
,gospel ( ,*ri/1 on ! e>?1 &1 z ! vic>s 
( ,god1 %\ld def5d ! life & safety ( !  
innoc5t true ,*ri/ian tea*]s & prea*]s4 
,"p #bg   ,article ,,xxii 7,x73 ,( ,bo? 
,k9ds 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]4  ,x _c be d\bt$ 
t x is godly & 9 accordance ) !         
in/itution ( ,*ri/ & ! words ( ,paul to 
use bo? p>ts 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]4  ,= ,*ri/
 in/itut$ bo? p>ts1 & in/itut$ !m n = a 
"p ( ! ,*ur*1 b = ! entire ,*ur*4  ,= n 
only ! presbyt]s1 b ! entire ,*ur* uses 
! ,sacram5t by ! au?ority ( ,*ri/1 & n  
by human au?ority1 & ?is1 we suppose1 ! 
adv]s>ies ackn[l$ge4  ,n[1 if ,*ri/ has 
in/itut$ x = ! entire ,*ur*1 :y is "o   
k9d d5i$ to a "p ( ! ,*ur*8 ,:y is ! use
 ( ! o!r k9d prohibit$8  ,:y is !       
ord9ance ( ,*ri/ *ang$1 especially :5   
,he ,himself calls x ,8 te/am5t8 ,b if x

 is n all[able to annul man's te/am5t1  
mu* less w x be all[able to annul !     
te/am5t ( ,*ri/4  ,& ,paul says1 #a     
,cor4 #aa1 #bc ff41 t he _h receiv$ ( ! 
,"l t :i* he deliv]$4  ,b he _h deliv]$ 
! use ( bo? k9ds1 z ! text1 #a ,cor4    
#aa1 cle>ly %[s4  ,?is d 9 remembrance (
 ,me1 he says fir/ conc]n+ ,8 body2     
aft]w>ds he repeats ! same words conc]n+
 ! cup ! blood ( ,*ri/4  ,& !n3 ,let a  
man exam9e himself1 & s let him eat ( t 
bread & dr9k ( t cup4  ,"h he names bo?4
 ,^! are ! words ( ,him :o has in/itut$ 
! ,sacram5t4  ,&1 inde$1 he says be=e t 
^? :o w use ! ,"l's ,supp] %\ld use bo?4
  ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t ! ,sacram5t 0  
in/itut$ = ! entire ,*ur*4  ,& ! cu/om  
/ill rema9s 9 ! ,greek *ur*es1 & also   
once obta9$ 9 ! ,lat9 *ur*es1 z ,cyprian
 & ,j]ome te/ify4  ,= ?us ,j]ome says on
 ,zephaniah3 ,! prie/s :o adm9i/] !     
,eu*>i/1 & di/ribute ! ,"l's blood to ! 
p1 etc4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o gives ! same
 te/imony4  ,nor w\ld x be difficult to 
accumulate a great multitude (          

te/imonies4  ,"h we exagg]ate no?+2 we b
 leave ! prud5t read] to det]m9e :at    
%\ld be held conc]n+ ! div9e ord9ance   
:e!r x is prop] to prohibit & *ange an  
ord9ance & in/itution ( ,*ri/4  ,!      
adv]s>ies 9 ! ,confutation d n endeavor 
to com=t ! consci5ces or excuse ! ,*ur*1
 to :i* "o "p ( ! ,sacram5t has be5     
d5i$4  ,?is w\ld h be5 becom+ to good & 
religi\s m54  ,= a /rong reason = excus+
 ! ,*ur*1 & in/ruct+ consci5ces to :om  
only a "p ( ! ,sacram5t c\ld be grant$1 
%\ld h be5 s\ght4  ,n[ ^! v m5 ma9ta9 t 
x is "r to prohibit ! o!r "p1 & =bid t !
 use ( bo? p>ts be all[$4  ,fir/1 !y    
imag9e t1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ur*1 x 0 !   
cu/om at "s places t only "o "p 0       
adm9i/]$4  ,nev]!less !y are n able to  
produce any anci5t example ( ?is matt]4 
,b !y cite ! passages 9 :i* m5tion is   
made ( bread1 z 9 ,luke #bd1 #ce :]e x  
is writt5 t ! disciples recogniz$ ,*ri/ 
9 ! break+ ( bread4  ,!y quote also o!r 
passages1 ,acts #b1 #db4 #df2 #bj1 #g1  
conc]n+ ! break+ ( bread4  ,b al?\gh we 

d n greatly oppose if "s receive ^!     
passages z ref]r+ to ! ,sacram5t1 yet x 
does n foll[ t "o "p only 0 giv51       
because1 accord+ to ! ord9>y usage (    
language1 by ! nam+ ( "o "p ! o!r is    
also signifi$4  ,!y ref] also to ,lay   
,communion :i* 0 n ! use ( only "o k9d1 
b ( bo?2 & :5ev] prie/s are comm&$ to   
use ,lay ,communion = a puni%m5t are n  
to consecrate !mselves1 b to receive    
,communion1 h[ev]1 ( bo? k9ds f ano!r1 x
 is meant t !y h be5 remov$ f ! m9i/ry (
 consecration4 ,nei!r are ! adv]s>ies   
ignorant ( ?is1 b !y abuse ! ignorance (
 ! unle>n$1 :o1 :5 !y he> ( ,lay        
,communion1 imm$iately dream ( ! cu/om (
 our "t1 by :i* only a "p ( ! ,sacram5t 
is giv5 to ! laym54  ,& consid] _!      
impud5ce4  ,gabriel rec\nts among o!r   
reasons :y bo? p>ts are n giv5 t a      
di/9ction %\ld be made betwe5 laym5 &   
presbyt]s4  ,& x is cr$ible t ! *ief    
reason :y ! prohibition ( ! "o "p is    
def5d$ is ?is1 namely1 t ! dignity ( !  
ord] may be ! m highly exalt$ by a      

religi\s rite4  ,to say no?+ m sev]e1   
?is is a human design2 & :i!r ?is t5ds c
 easily be judg$4  ,9 ! ,confutation !y 
also quote conc]n+ ! sons ( ,eli t aft] 
! loss ( ! high-prie/hood1 !y 7 to seek 
! "o "p p]ta9+ to ! prie/s1 #a ,sam4 #b1
 #cf ! text reads3 ,e "o t is left 9 ?9e
 h\se %all come & cr\* him = a piece (  
silv] & a morsel ( bread1 & %all say1   
,put me1 ,i pray !e1 into "o ( ! prie/'s
 (fices 7,g]man3 ,lieb]1 lass mi* zu    
e9em ,prie/]teil7 t ,i may eat a piece (
 bread4  ,"h !y say t ! use ( "o k9d 0  
signifi$4  ,& !y add3 ,?us1 !re=e1 our  
laym5 ought also to be cont5t1 ) "o "p  
p]ta9+ to ! prie/s1 ) "o k9d4 ,!        
adv]s>ies ! ma/]s ( ! ,confutation are q
 %ameless1 rude asses1 & are cle>ly     
trifl+ :5 !y are transf]r+ ! hi/ory ( ! 
po/]ity ( ,eli to ! ,sacram5t4  ,!      
puni%m5t ( ,eli is !re describ$4 ,w !y  
also say ?is1 t z a puni%m5t ! laym5 h  
be5 remov$ f ! o!r p>ty ,!y are q fooli%
 & mad4 ,! ,sacram5t 0 in/itut$ to      
console & com=t t]rifi$ m9ds :5 !y      

believe t ! fle% ( ,*ri/ giv5 = ! life (
 ! _w1 is food1 :5 !y believe t1 be+    
jo9$ to ,*ri/ ?r\gh ?is food1 !y are    
made alive4  ,b ! adv]s>ies argue t     
laym5 are remov$ f ! o!r "p z a         
puni%m5t4  ,!y ought1 !y say1 to be     
cont5t4 ,?is is suffici5t = a despot4   
,t1 surely1 s\nds pr\d & defiant en\gh4 
,b my lords1 may we ask ! reason :y     
ought !y8  ,! reason mu/ n be ask$ b let
 :atev] ! !ologians say be law4 ,is     
:atev] y wi% & :atev] y say to be %e]   
tru?8  ,see n[ & be a/oni%$ h[ %ameless 
& impud5t ! adv]s>ies are3 !y d>e to set
 up _! own words z %e] comm&s ( lords1  
!y frankly say3 ,! laym5 mu/ be cont5t4 
,b :at if !y mu/ n8 ,?is is a concoction
 ( ,eck4  ,= we recognize ^? va+lori\s  
words1 :i* if we w\ld wi% to criticize1 
!re w\ld be no want ( language4  ,= y   
see h[ great ! impud5ce is4  ,he comm&s1
 z a tyrant 9 ! trag$ies3 ,:e!r !y wi%  
or n1 !y mu/ be cont5t4 ,w ! reasons :i*
 he cites excuse1 9 ! judgm5t ( ,god1 ^?
 :o prohibit a "p ( ! ,sacram5t1 & rage 

aga9/ m5 us+ an entire ,sacram5t8  ,are 
!y to take com=t 9 ! fact t x is record$
 conc]n+ ! sons ( ,eli3 ,!y w g begg+8  
,t w be a %uffl+ excuse at !            
judgm5t-seat ( ,god4 ,if !y make !      
prohibition 9 ord] t !re %\ld be a      
di/+ui%+ m>k ( ! ord]1 ?is v reason     
ought to move u n to ass5t to !         
adv]s>ies1 ev5 ?\gh we w\ld be dispos$ 9
 o!r respects to comply ) _! cu/om4     
,!re are o!r di/+ui%+ m>ks ( ! ord] (   
prie/s & ( ! p1 b x is n obscure :at    
design !y h = def5d+ ?is di/9ction s    
e>ne/ly4  ,t we may n seem to detract f 
! true wor? ( ! ord]1 we w n say m      
conc]n+ ?is %rewd design4  ,!y also     
allege ! dang] ( spill+ & c]ta9 simil>  
?+s1 :i* d n h =ce suffici5t to *ange ! 
ord9ance ( ,*ri/4 ,!y allege m dreams l 
^! = ! sake ( :i* x w\ld be improp] to  
*ange ! ord9ance ( ,*ri/4 ,&1 inde$1 if 
we assume t we are free to use ei!r "o  
"p or bo?1 h[ c ! prohibition to use bo?
 k9ds be def5d$8  ,al?\gh ! ,*ur* does n
 assume to itself ! lib]ty to conv]t !  

ord9ances ( ,*ri/ into matt]s (         
indiff]5ce4  ,we inde$ excuse ! ,*ur*   
:i* has borne ! injury ! poor consci5ces
 :i* h be5 depriv$ ( "o "p by =ce1 s9ce 
x c\ld n obta9 bo? p>ts2 b ! au?ors :o  
ma9ta9 t ! use ( ! entire ,sacram5t is  
ju/ly prohibit$1 & :o n[ n only         
prohibit1 b ev5 excommunicate & viol5tly
 p]secute ^? us+ an entire ,sacram5t1 we
 d n excuse4  ,let !m see to x h[ !y w  
give an acc\nt to ,god = _! decisions4  
,nei!r is x to be judg$ imm$iately t !  
,*ur* det]m9es or approves :atev] !     
pontiffs det]m9e1 especially s9ce       
,scripture prophesies conc]n+ ! bi%ops &
 pa/ors to effect ?is z ,ezekiel says1  
#g1 #bh3 ,! ,law %all p]i% f ! prie/ !re
 w be prie/s or bi%ops :o w "k no comm& 
or law ( ,god4     ,"p #bh   ,article   
,,xxiii 7,,xi73 ,( ! ,m>riage ( ,prie/s4
   ,despite ! great infamy ( _! defil$  
celibacy1 ! adv]s>ies h ! presumption n 
only to def5d ! pontifical law by !     
wick$ & false pretext ( ! div9e "n1 b   
ev5 to exhort ! ,emp]or & pr9ces1 to !  

disgrace & infamy ( ! ,roman ,empire1 n 
to tol]ate ! m>riage ( prie/s4  ,= ?us  
!y speak4 ,al?\gh ! great1 unhe>d-(     
lewdness1 =nication1 & adult]y among    
prie/s1 monks1 etc41 at ! great abbeys1 
9 o!r *ur*es & cloi/]s1 has become s    
notori\s ?r\gh\t ! _w t p s+ & talk ab\t
 x1 /ill ! adv]s>ies :o h pres5t$ !     
,confutation are s bl9d & )\t %ame t !y 
def5d ! law ( ! ,pope by :i* m>riage is 
prohibit$1 & t1 ) ! speci\s claim t !y  
are def5d+ a spiritual /ate4 ,moreov]1  
al?\gh x w\ld be prop] = !m to be       
he>tily a%am$ ( ! exce$+ly %ameful1     
lewd1 ab&on$ loose life ( ! wret*es 9 _!
 abbeys & cloi/]s1 al?\gh on ?is acc\nt 
alone !y %\ld n h ! c\rage to %[ _! face
 9 broad daylight1 al?\gh _! evil1      
re/less he>t & consci5ce ought to cause 
!m to tremble1 to /& agha/1 & to be     
afraid to lift _! eyes to our excell5t  
,emp]or1 :o loves uprightness1 /ill !y h
 ! c\rage ( ! hangman1 !y act l ! v     
devil & l all reckless1 wanton p1       
proce$+ 9 bl9d defiance & =getful ( all 

honor & dec5cy4  ,& ^! pure *a/e g5tlem5
 d>e to admoni% ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y1 !  
,electors & ,pr9ces n to tol]ate !      
m>riage ( prie/s ad infamiam et         
ignom9iam imp]ti1 t is1 to w>d (f %ame &
 disgrace f ! ,roman ,empire4  ,= ^! are
 _! words1 z if _! %ameful life 7 a     
great honor & glory to ! ,*ur*4  ,:at   
great] impud5ce has ev] be5 read ( 9 any
 hi/ory ?an ?is ( ! adv]s>ies8  ,su*    
%ameless advocates be=e a ,roman ,emp]or
 w n easily be f\nd4  ,if all ! _w did n
 "k !m1 if _m godly1 upright p among !m1
 _! own canonical bre?r51 _h n compla9$ 
long ago ( _! %ameful1 lewd1 indec5t    
conduct1 if _! vile1 abom9able1 ungodly1
 lewd1 hea!ni%1 ,epicurean life1 & !    
dregs ( all fil?9ess at ,rome 7 n q     
manife/1 "o might ?9k t _! great purity 
& _! inviolate virg9 *a/ity 7 ! reason  
:y !y c\ld n be> to he> ! ^w woman or   
m>riage pron\nc$1 & :y !y baptize holy  
matrimony1 :i* ! ,pope himself calls a  
sacram5t1 infamiam imp]il4 ,= ! argum5ts
 :i* !y use we %all aft]w>ds review4    

,n[ let ! wise read] consid] ?is1       
namely1 :at %ame ^! good-=-no?+ m5 h :o 
say t m>riages :i* ! ,holy ,scriptures  
praise mo/ highly & comm& produce infamy
 & disgrace to ! gov]nm5t1 z ?\gh1      
inde$1 ?is public infamy ( flagiti\s &  
unnatural lu/s :i* gl[ among ^! v holy  
fa!rs1 :o feign t !y are ,curii & live l
 bac*anals1 7 a great ornam5t to !      
,*ur*6  ,& mo/ ?+s :i* ^! m5 d ) !      
greate/ lic5se _c ev5 be nam$ )\t a     
brea* ( mode/y4  ,& ^! _! lu/s !y ask y 
to def5d ) y\r *a/e "r h&1 ,emp]or      
,*>les 7:om ev5 c]ta9 anci5t pr$ictions 
"n z ! k+ ( mode/ face1 = ! say+ appe>s 
conc]n+ y3 ,"o mode/ 9 face %all reign  
ev]y:]e74  ,= !y ask t1 contr>y to div9e
 law1 contr>y to ! law ( nations1       
contr>y to ! canons ( ,c\ncils y sund]  
m>riages1 9 ord] to impose m]ely = !    
sake ( m>riage atroci\s puni%m5ts ^u    
innoc5t m51 to put to dea? prie/s1 :om  
ev5 b>b>ians rev]5tly sp>e1 to drive    
into exile bani%$ wom5 & fa!rless       
*ildr54  ,su* laws !y br+ to y1 mo/     

excell5t & mo/ *a/e ,emp]or1 to :i* no  
b>b>ity1 h[ev] mon/r\s & cruel1 c\ld l5d
 its e>4  ,b because ! /a9 ( no disgrace
 or cruelty falls ^u y\r "*1 we hope t y
 w deal ) u mildly 9 ?is matt]1         
especially :5 y h le>n$ t we h !        
weightie/ reasons = our belief d]iv$ f !
 ,^w ( ,god to :i* ! adv]s>ies oppose ! 
mo/ trifl+ & va9 op9ions4  ,& nev]!less 
!y d n s]i\sly def5d celibacy4  ,= !y   
are n ignorant h[ few !re are :o        
practise *a/ity1 b !y /ick to t com=t+  
say+ :i* is f\nd 9 _! treatise1 ,si non 
ca/e1 tam5 caue 7,if n *a/ely1 at lea/  
cauti\sly7 & !y devise a %am ( religion 
= _! dom9ion1 :i* !y ?9k t celibacy     
pr(its1 9 ord] t we may und]/& ,pet] to 
h be5 "r 9 admoni%+1 #b ,ep4 #b1 #a1 t  
!re w be false tea*]s :o w deceive m5 ) 
feign$ words4  ,= ! adv]s>ies say1      
write1 or d no?+ truly _! words are     
m]ely an argum5t ad hom9em1 frankly1 &  
c&idly 9 ?is entire case1 b !y actually 
cont5d only conc]n+ ! dom9ion :i* !y    
falsely ?9k to be imp]il$1 & :i* !y     

endeavor to =tify ) a wick$ pret5se (   
godl9ess !y support _! case ) no?+ b    
impi\s1 hypocritical lies2 accord+ly1 x 
w endure ab\t z well z butt] expos$ to !
 sun4  ,we _c approve ?is law conc]n+   
celibacy :i* ! adv]s>ies def5d1 because 
x conflicts ) div9e & natural law & is  
at v>iance ) ! v canons ( ! ,c\ncils4   
,& t x is sup]/iti\s & dang]\s is       
evid5t4  ,= x produces inf9ite sc&als1  
s9s1 & corruption ( public morals z is  
se5 9 ! real t[ns ( prie/s1 or1 z !y are
 call$1 _! resid5ces4 ,our o!r          
controv]sies ne$ "s discussion by !     
doctors2 9 ?is ! subject is s manife/ to
 bo? p>ties t x requires no discussion4 
,x only requires z judge a man t is     
hone/ & fe>s ,god4  ,& al?\gh ! manife/ 
tru? is def5d$ by u1 yet ! adv]s>ies h  
devis$ c]ta9 reproa*es = satiriz+ our   
argum5ts4  ,fir/4  ,g54 #a1 #bh tea*es t
 m5 7 creat$ to be fruitful1 & t "o sex 
9 a prop] way %\ld desire ! o!r4  ,= we 
are speak+ n ( concupisc5ce1 :i* is s91 
b ( t appetite :i* 0 to h be5 9 nature 9

 its integrity :i* w\ld h exi/$ 9 nature
 ev5 if x _h rema9$ uncorrupt$1 :i* !y  
call physical love4  ,& ?is love ( "o   
sex = ! o!r is truly a div9e ord9ance4  
,b s9ce ?is ord9ance ( ,god _c be remov$
 )\t an extraord9>y "w ( ,god1 x foll[s 
t ! "r to contract m>riage _c be remov$ 
by /atutes or v[s4  ,! adv]s>ies cavil  
at ^! argum5ts2 !y say t 9 ! beg9n+ !   
comm&m5t 0 giv5 to repl5i% ! e>? b t n[ 
s9ce ! e>? has be5 repl5i%$1 m>riage is 
n comm&$4 ,see h[ wisely !y judge6  ,!  
nature ( m5 is s =m$ by ! ^w ( ,god t x 
is fruitful n only 9 ! beg9n+ ( !       
creation1 b z long z ?is nature ( our   
bodies w exi/ j z ! e>? becomes fruitful
 by ! ^w ,g54 #a1 #aa3 ,let ! e>? br+ =?
 grass1 yield+ se$4  ,because ( ?is     
ord9ance ! e>? n only comm5c$ 9 ! beg9n+
 to br+ =? plants1 b ! fields are clo!d 
e ye> z long z ?is natural ord] w exi/4 
,!re=e1 j z by human laws ! nature ( !  
e>? _c be *ang$1 s1 )\t a special "w (  
,god ! nature ( a human be+ c be *ang$  
nei!r by v[s nor by human law t a woman 

%\ld n desire a man1 nor a man a woman4 
,secondly4  ,& because ?is creation or  
div9e ord9ance 9 man is a natural "r1   
juri/s h accord+ly said wisely &        
correctly t ! union ( male & female     
belongs to natural "r4  ,b s9ce natural 
"r is immutable1 ! "r to contract       
m>riage mu/ always rema94  ,= :]e nature
 does n *ange1 t ord9ance also ) :i*    
,god has end[$ nature does n *ange1 & _c
 be remov$ by human laws4  ,!re=e x is  
ridicul\s = ! adv]s>ies to prate t      
m>riage 0 comm&$ 9 ! beg9n+1 b is n n[4 
,?is is ! same z if !y w\ld say3 ,=m]ly1
 :5 m5 7 born1 !y br\ght ) !m sex2 n[ !y
 d n4 ,=m]ly1 :5 !y 7 born1 !y br\ght ) 
!m natural "r1 n[ !y d n4  ,no craftsman
 7,fab]7 c\ld produce any?+ m crafty ?an
 ^! absurdities1 :i* 7 devis$ to elude a
 "r ( nature4  ,!re=e let ?is rema9 9 ! 
case :i* bo? ,scripture tea*es & ! juri/
 says wisely1 namely1 t ! union ( male &
 female belongs to natural "r4          
,moreov]1 a natural "r is truly a div9e 
"r1 because x is an ord9ance div9ely    

impress$ ^u nature4  ,b inasmu* z ?is "r
 _c be *ang$ )\t an extraord9>y "w (    
,god1 x is necess>y t ! "r to contract  
m>riage rema9s1 because ! natural desire
 ( sex = sex is an ord9ance ( ,god 9    
nature1 & = ?is reason is a "r2 o!rwise1
 :y w\ld bo? sexes h be5 creat$8  ,& we 
are speak+1 z x has be5 said above1 n ( 
concupisc5ce1 :i* is s91 b ( t desire   
:i* !y call physical love :i* w\ld h    
exi/$ betwe5 man & woman ev5 ?\gh _!    
nature _h rema9$ pure1 :i* concupisc5ce 
has n remov$ f nature1 b inflames1 s t  
n[ x has great] ne$ ( a rem$y1 & m>riage
 is necess>y n only = ! sake (          
procreation1 b also z a rem$y to gu>d   
aga9/ s9s4  ,^! ?+s are cle>1 & s well  
e/abli%$ t !y c 9 no way be ov]?r[n4    
,?irdly4  ,paul says1 #a ,cor4 #g1 #b3  
,to avoid =nication1 let e man h 8 own  
wife4  ,?is n[ is an express comm&      
p]ta9+ to all :o are n fit = celibacy4  
,! adv]s>ies ask t a comm&m5t be %[n !m 
:i* comm&s prie/s to m>ry4  ,z ?\gh     
prie/s are n m56  ,we judge inde$ t !   

?+s :i* we ma9ta9 conc]n+ human nature 9
 g5]al p]ta9 also to prie/s4  ,does n   
,paul "h comm& ^? :o h n ! gift (       
cont95ce to m>ry8 ,= he int]prets       
himself a little aft] :5 he says1 v4 #i3
 ,x is bett] to m>ry ?an to burn4  ,&   
,*ri/ has cle>ly said ,matt4 #ai1 #aa3  
,all m5 _c receive ?is say+1 save !y to 
:om x is giv54 ,because n[1 s9ce s9 s9ce
 ! fall ( ,adam1 ^! two ?+s concur1     
namely1 natural appetite & concupisc5ce1
 :i* inflames ! natural appetite1 s t n[
 !re is m ne$ ( m>riage ?an 9 nature 9  
its integrity1 ,paul accord+ly speaks ( 
m>riage z a rem$y1 & on acc\nt ( ^!     
flames comm&s to m>ry4  ,nei!r c any    
human au?ority1 any law1 any v[s remove 
?is decl>ation3 ,x is bett] to m>ry ?an 
to burn1 because !y d n remove ! nature 
or concupisc5ce4  ,!re=e all :o burn1   
reta9 ! "r to m>ry4  ,by ?is comm&m5t ( 
,paul3 ,to avoid =nication1 let e man h 
8 own wife1 all are held b\nd :o d n    
truly keep !mselves cont95t2 ! decision 
conc]n+ :i* p]ta9s to ! consci5ce ( ea* 

"o4  ,= z !y "h give ! comm& to seek    
cont95ce ( ,god1 & to weak5 ! body by   
labors & hung]1 :y d !y n proclaim ^!   
magnific5t comm&m5ts to !mselves8  ,b1 z
 we h said above1 ! adv]s>ies are only  
play+2 !y are do+ no?+ s]i\sly4 ,if     
cont95ce 7 possible to all1 x w\ld n    
require a peculi> gift4  ,b ,*ri/ %[s t 
x has ne$ ( a peculi> gift2 !re=e x does
 n belong to all4  ,god wi%es ! re/ to  
use ! common law ( nature :i* ,he has   
in/itut$4  ,= ,god does n wi% ,8        
ord9ances1 ,8 creations to be despis$4  
,he wi%es m5 to be *a/e 9 ?is way1 t !y 
use ! rem$y div9ely pres5t$1 j z ,he    
wi%es to n\ri% our life 9 ?is way1 t we 
use food & dr9k4  ,g]son also te/ifies t
 !re h be5 _m good m5 :o endeavor$ to   
subdue ! body1 & yet made little        
progress4 ,accord+ly1 ,ambrose is "r 9  
say+3 ,virg9ity is only a ?+ t c be     
recomm5d$1 b n comm&$2 x is a matt] ( v[
 r ?an ( precept4  ,if any "o "h w\ld   
raise ! objection t ,*ri/ praises ^? :i*
 h made !mselves eunu*s = ! k+dom (     

heav5's sake1 ,matt4 #ai1 #ab1 let him  
also consid] ?is1 t ,he is prais+ su* z 
h ! gift ( cont95ce1 = on ?is acc\nt ,he
 adds3 ,he t is able to receive x1 let  
him receive x4 ,= an impure cont95ce su*
 z !re is 9 mona/]ies & cloi/]s does n  
please ,*ri/4  ,we also praise true     
cont95ce4 ,b n[ we are disput+ conc]n+ !
 law & conc]n+ ^? :o d n h ! gift (     
cont95ce4  ,! matt] ought to be left    
free & sn>es ought n to be ca/ ^u ! weak
 ?r\gh ?is law4  ,f\r?ly4  ,! pontifical
 law diff]s also f ! canons ( !         
,c\ncils4  ,= ! anci5t canons d n       
prohibit m>riage1 nei!r d !y dissolve   
m>riages t h be5 contract$1 ev5 if !y   
remove f ! adm9i/ration ( _! (fice ^? :o
 h contract$ !m 9 ! m9i/ry4  ,at ^?     
times ?is dismissal 0 an act ( k9dness r
 ?an a puni%m5t4  ,b ! new canons1 :i* h
 n be5 fram$ 9 ! ,synods1 b h be5 made  
accord+ to ! private judgm5t ( ! ,popes1
 bo? prohibit ! contraction ( m>riages1 
& dissolve !m :5 contract$2 & ?is is to 
be done op5ly1 contr>y to ! comm& (     

,*ri/1 ,matt4 #ai1 #f3 ,:at ,god ha?    
jo9$ toge!r1 let n man put asund]4  ,9 !
 ,confutation ! adv]s>ies exclaim t     
celibacy has be5 comm&$ by ! ,c\ncils4  
,we d n f9d fault ) ! decrees ( !       
,c\ncils2 = "u a c]ta9 condition ^! all[
 m>riage1 b we f9d fault ) ! laws :i*1  
s9ce ! anci5t ,synods1 ! ,popes ( ,rome 
h fram$ contr>y to ! au?ority ( !       
,synods4 ,! ,popes despise ! au?ority ( 
! ,synods1 j z mu* z !y wi% x to appe>  
holy to o!rs "u p]il ( ,god's wra? &    
et]nal damnation4  ,!re=e ?is law       
conc]n+ p]petual celibacy is peculi> to 
?is new pontifical despotism4  ,nor is x
 )\t a reason4  ,= ,daniel1 #aa1 #cg1   
ascribes to ! k+dom ( ,anti*ri/ ?is m>k1
 namely1 ! contempt ( wom54  ,fif?ly4   
,al?\gh ! adv]s>ies d n def5d ! law     
because ( sup]/ition1 n because ( its   
sanctity1 z f ignorance1 s9ce !y see t x
 is n g5]ally obs]v$1 nev]!less !y      
diffuse sup]/iti\s op9ions1 :ile !y give
 a pretext ( religion4  ,!y proclaim t  
!y require celibacy because x is purity4

  ,z ?\gh m>riage 7 impurity & a s91 or 
z ?\gh celibacy m]it$ ju/ification m ?an
 does m>riage6  ,& to ?is end !y cite ! 
c]emonies ( ! ,mosaic ,law1 because1    
s9ce "u ! ,law1 ! prie/s1 at ! "t (     
m9i/]+1 7 sep>at$ f _! wives1 ! prie/ 9 
! ,new ,te/am5t1 inasmu* z he ought     
always to pray1 ought always to practise
 cont95ce4  ,?is silly comp>ison is     
pres5t$ z a pro( :i* %\ld compel prie/s 
to p]petual celibacy1 al?\gh1 inde$1 9  
?is v comp>ison m>riage is all[$1 only 9
 ! "t ( m9i/]+ its use is int]dict$4  ,&
 x is "o ?+ to pray2 ano!r1 to m9i/]4   
,! sa9ts pray$ ev5 :5 !y did n ex]cise !
 public m9i/ry2 nor did conjugal        
int]c\rse h9d] !m f pray+4  ,b we %all  
reply 9 ord] to ^! figm5ts4  ,9 ! fir/  
place1 x is necess>y = ! adv]s>ies to   
ackn[l$ge ?is1 namely1 t 9 believ]s     
m>riage is pure because x has be5       
sanctifi$ by ! ,^w ( ,god1 i4e41 x is a 
matt] t is p]mitt$ & approv$ by ! ,^w ( 
,god1 z ,scripture abundantly te/ifies4 
,= ,*ri/ calls m>riage a div9e union1 :5

 ,he says1 ,matt4 #ai1 #f3 ,:at ,god ha?
 jo9$ toge!r let n man put asund]4  ,"h 
,*ri/ says t m>ri$ p are jo9$ toge!r by 
,god4  ,accord+ly1 x is a pure1 holy1   
noble1 praisewor?y "w ( ,god4  ,& ,paul 
says ( m>riage1 ( meats & simil> ?+s1 ,i
 ,tim4 #d1 #f3 ,x is sanctifi$ by ! ,^w 
( ,god & pray]1 i4e41 by ! ,^w1 by :i*  
consci5ces become c]ta9 t ,god approves2
 & by pray]1 i4e41 by fai?1 :i* uses x )
 ?anksgiv+ z a gift ( ,god4  ,likewise1 
#a ,cor4 #g1 #ad3 ,! unbeliev+ husb& is 
sanctifi$ by ! wife1 etc41 i4e44 ! use (
 m>riage is p]mitt$ & holy on acc\nt (  
fai? 9 ,*ri/1 j z x is p]mitt$ to use   
meat1 etc4 ,likewise1 #a ,tim4 #b1 #af3 
,%e %all1 be sav$ 9 *ildbe>+ if !y      
cont9ue 9 fai?1 etc4 ,if ! adv]s>ies    
c\ld produce su* a passage conc]n+      
celibacy1 !n inde$ !y w\ld celebrate a  
wond]ful triumph4  ,paul says t woman is
 sav$ by *ild-be>+4  ,:at m honorable   
c\ld be said aga9/ ! hypocrisy (        
celibacy ?an t woman is sav$ by !       
conjugal works !mselves1 by conjugal    

int]c\rse1 by be>+ *ildr5 & ! o!r       
duties8  ,b :at does ,/4 ,paul mean8    
,let ! read] obs]ve t fai? is add$1 & t 
dome/ic duties )\t fai? are n prais$4   
,if !y cont9ue1 he says1 9 fai?4  ,= he 
speaks ( ! :ole class ( mo!rs4  ,!re=e  
he requires especially fai? t !y %\ld h 
,god's ,^w & be believ+1 by :i* woman   
receives ! remission ( s9s &            
ju/ification4 ,!n he adds a p>ticul> "w 
( ! call+1 j z 9 e man a good "w ( a    
p>ticul> call+ ought to foll[ fai?4     
,?is "w pleases ,god on acc\nt ( fai?4  
,?us ! duties ( ! woman please ,god on  
acc\nt ( fai?1 & ! believ+ woman is sav$
 :o 9 su* duties dev\tly s]ves h] call+4
  ,^! te/imonies tea* t m>riage is a    
lawful a holy & ,*ri/ian ?+4  ,if !re=e 
purity signifies t :i* is all[$ &       
approv$ be=e ,god1 m>riages are pure1   
because !y h be5 approv$ by ! ,^w (     
,god4  ,& ,paul says ( lawful ?+s1      
,titus #a1 #ae3 ,unto ! pure all ?+s are
 pure1 i4e41 to ^? :o believe 9 ,*ri/ & 
are righte\s by fai?4  ,!re=e1 z        

virg9ity is impure 9 ! godless1 s 9 !   
godly m>riage is pure on acc\nt ( ! ,^w 
( ,god & fai?4  ,aga91 if purity is     
prop]ly oppos$ to concupisc5ce1 x       
signifies purity ( he>t1 i4e41 mortifi$ 
concupisc5ce1 because ! ,law does n     
prohibit m>riage1 b concupisc5ce1       
adult]y1 =nication4 ,!re=e celibacy is n
 purity4  ,= !re may be great] purity ( 
he>t 9 a m>ri$ man1 z 9 ,abraham or     
,jacob1 ?an 9 mo/ ( ^? :o are ev5 truly 
cont95t :o ev51 accord+ to bodily       
purity1 really ma9ta9 _! *a/ity4        
,la/ly1 if !y und]/& t celibacy is      
purity 9 ! s5se t x m]its ju/ification m
 ?an does m>riage1 we mo/ emphatically  
contradict x4  ,= we are ju/ifi$ nei!r  
on acc\nt ( virg9ity nor on acc\nt (    
m>riage1 b freely = ,*ri/'s sake1 :5 we 
believe t = ,8 sake ,god is propiti\s to
 u4  ,"h p]haps !y w exclaim t1 accord+ 
to ! mann] ( ,jov9ian1 m>riage is made  
equal to virg9ity4  ,b1 on acc\nt ( su* 
clamors we %all n reject ! tru? conc]n+ 
! righte\sness ( fai?1 :i* we h expla9$ 

above4  ,nev]!less we d n make virg9ity 
& m>riage equal4  ,= j z "o gift        
surpasses ano!r1 z prophecy surpasses   
eloqu5ce1 ! sci5ce ( milit>y affairs    
surpasses agriculture1 & eloqu5ce       
surpasses ar*itecture1 s virg9ity is a m
 excell5t gift ?an m>riage4  ,&         
nev]!less1 j z an orator is n m righte\s
 be=e ,god because ( 8 eloqu5ce ?an an  
ar*itect because ( 8 skill 9            
ar*itecture1 s a virg9 does n m]it      
ju/ification by virg9ity m ?an a m>ri$  
p]son m]its x by conjugal duties b ea*  
"o ought fai?fully to s]ve 9 8 own gift1
 & to believe t = ,*ri/'s sake he       
receives ! remission ( s9s & by fai? is 
acc\nt$ righte\s be=e ,god4  ,nei!r does
 ,*ri/ or ,paul praise virg9ity because 
x ju/ifies1 b because x is fre] & less  
di/ract$ ) dome/ic occupations1 9 pray+1
 tea*+1 writ+1 s]v+4  ,= ?is reason     
,paul says1 #a ,cor4 #g1 #cb3 ,he t is  
unm>ri$ c>e? = ! ?+s :i* belong to !    
,"l4  ,virg9ity1 !re=e1 is prais$ on    
acc\nt ( m$itation & /udy4  ,?us ,*ri/  

does n simply praise ^? :o make !mselves
 eunu*s1 b adds1 = ! k+dom ( heav5's    
sake1 i4e41 t !y may h leisure to le>n  
or tea* ! ,gospel2 = ,he does n say t   
virg9ity m]its ! remission ( s9s or     
salvation4  ,to ! examples ( !          
,levitical prie/s we h repli$ t !y d n  
e/abli% ! duty ( impos+ p]petual        
celibacy ^u ! prie/s4  ,fur!rmore1 !    
,levitical impurities are n to be       
transf]r$ to u4  ,! law ( ,moses1 ) !   
c]emonial /atutes conc]n+ :at is clean  
or unclean1 d n at all conc]n u         
,*ri/ians4 ,!n int]c\rse contr>y to !   
,law 0 an impurity4 ,n[ x is n impurity1
 because ,paul says1 ,titus #a1 #ae3    
,unto ! pure all ?+s are pure4  ,= !    
,gospel frees u f ^! ,levitical         
impurities f all ! c]emonies ( ,moses1 &
 n alone f ! laws conc]n+ uncleanness4  
,& if any "o def5ds ! law ( celibacy ) !
 design to burd5 consci5ces by ^!       
,levitical obs]vances1 we mu/ /rive     
aga9/ ?is1 j z ! apo/les 9 ,acts #ae1   
#aj sqq4 /rove aga9/ ^? :o requir$      

circumcision & endeavor$ to impose !    
,law ( ,moses ^u ,*ri/ians4  ,yet1 9 !  
mean :ile1 good m5 w "k h[ to control ! 
use ( m>riage1 especially :5 !y are     
occupi$ ) public (fices1 :i* (t51 inde$1
 give good m5 s mu* labor z to expel all
 dome/ic ?\ghts f _! m9ds4  ,= to be    
burd5$ ) great affairs & transactions1  
:i* conc]n commonweal?s & nations1      
gov]nm5ts & *ur*es1 is a good rem$y to  
keep ! old ,adam f lu/fulness4 ,good m5 
"k also ?is1 t ,paul1 #a ,!ss4 #d1 #d1  
comm&s t e "o possess 8 vessel 9        
sanctification & honor1 n 9 ! lu/ (     
concupisc5ce4  ,!y "k likewise t !y mu/ 
sometimes retire1 9 ord] t !re may be   
leisure = pray]1 b ,paul does n wi% ?is 
to be p]petual1 #a ,cor4 #g1 #e4 ,n[ su*
 cont95ce is easy to ^? :o are good &   
occupi$4  ,b ?is great cr[d ( unemploy$ 
prie/s :i* is 9 ! frat]nities _c af=d1 9
 ?is voluptu\sness1 ev5 ?is ,levitical  
cont95ce1 z ! facts %[4  ,on ! o!r h&1  
:at sort ( *a/ity c !re be among s _m   
?\s&s ( monks & prie/s :o live )\t worry

 9 all mann] ( delights1 be+ idle &     
full1 &1 moreov]1 h n ! ,^w ( ,god1 d n 
le>n x1 & h no reg>d = x4 ,su*          
conditions br+ on all mann] ( in*a/ity4 
,su* p c obs]ve nei!r ,levitical nor    
p]petual *a/ity4 ,& ! l9es are well     
kn[n3 ,! boy accu/om$ to pursue a       
slo?ful life hates ^? :o are busy4  ,_m 
h]etics und]/&+ ! ,law ( ,moses         
incorrectly h treat$ m>riage ) contempt1
 = :om1 nev]!less1 celibacy has ga9$    
extraord9>y admiration4  ,& ,epiphanius 
compla9s t1 by ?is comm5dation          
especially1 ! ,encratites captur$ ! m9ds
 ( ! unw>y4  ,!y ab/a9$ f w9e ev5 9 !   
,"l's ,supp]2 !y ab/a9$ f ! fle% ( all  
animals1 9 :i* !y surpass$ ! ,dom9ican  
bre?r5 :o live ^u fi%4  ,!y ab/a9$ also 
f m>riage2 & j ?is ga9$ ! *ief          
admiration4  ,^! works1 ^! s]vices1 !y  
?\ght1 m]it$ grace m ?an ! use ( w9e &  
fle%1 & ?an m>riage1 :i* seem$ to be a  
pr(ane & unclean matt]1 & :i* sc>cely   
c\ld please ,god1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 n        
altoge!r condemn$4  ,paul to !          

,colossians1 #b1 #ah1 greatly           
disapproves ^! angelic =ms ( wor%ip4  ,=
 :5 m5 believe t !y are pure & righte\s 
on acc\nt ( su* hypocrisy1 !y suppress !
 k ( ,*ri/1 & suppress also ! k ( ,god's
 gifts & comm&m5ts4  ,= ,god wi%es u to 
use ,8 gifts 9 a godly way4 ,& we might 
m5tion examples :]e c]ta9 godly         
consci5ces 7 greatly di/urb$ on acc\nt (
 ! lawful use ( m>riage4  ,?is evil 0   
d]iv$ f ! op9ions ( monks sup]/iti\sly  
prais+ celibacy & proclaim+ ! m>ri$     
e/ate z a life t w\ld be a great ob/acle
 to salvation1 & full ( s9s4  ,nev]!less
 we d n f9d fault ) temp]ance or        
cont95ce1 b we h said above t ex]cises &
 mortifications ( ! body are necess>y4  
,we inde$ d5y t confid5ce %\ld be plac$ 
9 c]ta9 obs]vances1 z ?\gh !y made      
righte\s4  ,& ,epiphanies has elegantly 
said t ^! obs]vances ought to be prais$ 
dia tehn egkrateian kai dia tehn        
politeian1 i4e41 = re/ra9+ ! body or on 
acc\nt ( public morals2 j z c]ta9 rites 
7 in/itut$ = in/ruct+ ! ignorant1 & n z 

s]vices t ju/ify4  ,b x is n ?r\gh      
sup]/ition t our adv]s>ies require      
celibacy1 = !y "k t *a/ity is n ord9>ily
 r5d]$ t at ,rome1 also 9 all _!        
mona/]ies1 !re is no?+ b undisguis$1    
unconceal$ in*a/ity4  ,nor d !y s]i\sly 
int5d to lead *a/e lives1 b kn[+ly      
practise hypocrisy be=e ! p4  ,b !y     
feign sup]/iti\s op9ions1 s z to delude 
! ignorant4  ,!y are !re=e m wor?y (    
hatr$ ?an ! ,encratites1 :o seem to h   
err$ by %[ ( religion2 ^! ,s>danapali   
,epicureans design$ly misuse ! pretext (
 religion4  ,six?ly4  ,al?\gh we h s _m 
reasons = disapprov+ ! law ( p]petual   
celibacy1 yet1 besides ^!1 dang]s to    
s\ls & public sc&als also are add$1 :i* 
ev51 ?\gh ! law 7 n unju/1 ought to det]
 good m5 f approv+ su* a burd5 z has    
de/roy$ innum]able s\ls4  ,= a long "t  
all good m5 _! own bi%ops & canons h    
compla9$ ( ?is burd51 ei!r on _! own    
acc\nt1 or on acc\nt ( o!rs :om !y saw  
to be 9 dang]4  ,b no ,popes give e> to 
^! compla9ts4  ,nei!r is x d\btful h[   

greatly injuri\s to public morals ?is   
law is1 & :at vices & %ameful lu/s x has
 produc$4  ,! ,roman satires are extant4
  ,9 ^! ,rome /ill recognizes & reads   
its own morals4  ,?us ,god av5ges !     
contempt ( ,8 own gift & ord9ance 9 ^?  
:o prohibit m>riage4  ,b s9ce ! cu/om 9 
reg>d to o!r laws 0 t !y %\ld be *ang$  
if manife/ utility w\ld advise x1 :y is 
! same n done ) respect to ?is law1 9   
:i* s _m weighty reasons concur1        
especially 9 ^! la/ times1 :y a *ange   
ought to be made8  ,nature is gr[+ old &
 is gradually becom+ weak]1 & vices are 
increas+2 :]e=e ! rem$ies div9ely giv5  
%\ld h be5 employ$4  ,we see :at vice x 
0 :i* ,god d5\nc$ be=e ! ,flood1 :at ,he
 d5\nc$ be=e ! burn+ ( ! five cities4   
,simil> vices h prec$$ ! de/ruction ( _m
 o!r cities1 z ( ,syb>is & ,rome4  ,& 9 
^! !re has be5 pres5t$ an image ( !     
times :i* w be next to ! end ( ?+s4     
,accord+ly1 at ?is "t1 m>riage ought to 
h be5 especially def5d$ by ! mo/ sev]e  
laws & w>n+ examples1 & m5 ought to h   

be5 invit$ to m>riage4  ,?is duty p]ta9s
 to ! magi/rates1 :o ought to ma9ta9    
public discipl9e4  ,god has n[ s bl9d$ !
 _w t adult]y & =nication are p]mitt$   
almo/ )\t puni%m5t1 on ! contr>y1       
puni%m5t is inflict$ on acc\nt (        
m>riage4  ,is n ?is t]rible to he>8     
,mean:ile ! tea*]s ( ! ,gospel %\ld d   
bo?1 !y %\ld exhort incont95t m5 to     
m>riage1 & %\ld exhort o!rs n to despise
 ! gift ( cont95ce4  ,! ,popes daily    
disp5se & daily *ange o!r laws :i* are  
mo/ excell5t1 yet1 9 reg>d to ?is "o law
 ( celibacy1 !y are z iron & inexorable1
 al?\gh1 inde$1 x is manife/ t ?is is   
simply ( human "r4  ,& !y are n[ mak+   
?is law m griev\s 9 _m ways4  ,! canon  
bids !m susp5d prie/s1 ^! r unfri5dly   
int]pret]s susp5d !m n f (fice1 b f     
trees4  ,!y cruelly kill _m m5 = no?+ b 
m>riage4  ,x is to be fe>$ !re=e1 t !   
blood ( ,abel w cry to heav5 s l\dly z n
 to be endur$1 & t we %all h to tremble 
l ,ca94 ,& ^! v p>ricides %[ t ?is law  
is a doctr9e ( demons4  ,= s9ce ! devil 

is a murd]]1 he def5ds 8 law by ^!      
p>ricides4  ,we "k t !re is "s (f5se 9  
reg>d to s*ism1 because we seem to h    
sep>at$ f ^? :o are ?\ght to be regul>  
bi%ops4  ,b our consci5ces are v secure1
 s9ce we "k t1 ?\gh we mo/ e>ne/ly      
desire to e/abli% h>mony1 we _c please !
 adv]s>ies unless we ca/ away manife/   
tru?1 & !n agree ) ^! v m5 9 be+ will+  
to def5d ?is unju/ law1 to dissolve     
m>riages t h be5 contract$1 to put to   
dea? prie/s if !y d n obey1 to drive    
poor wom5 & fa!rless *ildr5 into exile4 
,b s9ce x is well e/abli%$ t ^!         
conditions are displeas+ to ,god1 we c 9
 no way grieve t we h no alliance ) !   
multitude ( murd]]s among ! adv]s>ies4  
,we h expla9$ ! reasons :y we _c ass5t )
 a good consci5ce to ! adv]s>ies :5 !y  
def5d ! pontifical law conc]n+ p]petual 
celibacy1 because x conflicts ) div9e & 
natural law & is at v>iance ) ! canons  
!mselves1 & is sup]/iti\s & full (      
dang]1 &1 la/ly1 because ! :ole affair  
is ins9c]e4  ,= ! law is enact$ n = !   

sake ( religion n = hol9ess' sake1 or   
because !y d n "k bett]2 !y "k v well t 
ev]ybody is well acqua9t$ ) ! condition 
( ! great cloi/]s1 :i* we are able to   
"n1 b = ! sake ( dom9ion1 & ?is is      
wick$ly giv5 ! pretext ( religion4      
,nei!r c any?+ be produc$ by sane m5    
aga9/ ^! mo/ firmly e/abli%$ reasons4   
,! ,gospel all[s m>riage to ^? to :om x 
is necess>y4  ,nev]!less1 x does n      
compel ^? to m>ry :o c be cont95t1      
provid$ !y be truly cont95t4  ,we hold t
 ?is lib]ty %\ld also be conc$$ to !    
prie/s1 nor d we wi% to compel any "o by
 =ce to celibacy1 nor to dissolve       
m>riages t h be5 contract$4  ,we h also 
indicat$ incid5tally1 :ile we h rec\nt$ 
our argum5ts1 h[ ! adv]s>ies cavil at   
sev]al ( ^!2 & we h expla9$ away ^!     
false accusations4  ,n[ we %all relate z
 briefly z possible ) :at important     
reasons !y def5d ! law4 ,fir/1 !y say t 
x has be5 reveal$ by ,god4  ,y see !    
extreme impud5ce ( ^! sorry fell[s4  ,!y
 d>e to affirm t ! law ( p]petual       

celibacy has be5 div9ely reveal$1 al?\gh
 x is contr>y to manife/ te/imonies (   
,scripture1 :i* comm& t to avoid        
=nication ea* "o %\ld h 8 own wife1 #a  
,cor4 #g1 #b2 :i* likewise =bid to      
dissolve m>riages t h be5 contract$2 cf4
  ,matt4 #f1 #cb2 #ai1 #f2 #a ,cor4 #g1 
#bg4 ,:at c ! knaves say 9 reply8  ,& h[
 d>e !y wantonly & %amelessly misapply !
 great1 mo/ holy "n ( ! div9e ,maje/y8  
,paul rem9ds u :at an au?or su* a law 0 
to h :5 he calls x a doctr9e ( demons1  
#a ,tim4 #d1 #a4 ,& ! fruits %[ _!      
au?or1 namely1 s _m mon/r\s lu/s & s _m 
murd]s :i* are n[ committ$ "u ! pretext 
( t law z c be se5 at ,rome4  ,! second 
argum5t ( ! adv]s>ies is t ! prie/s     
ought to be pure1 accord+ to ,is4 #eb1  
#aa3 ,be ye clean t be> ! vessels ( !   
,"l4  ,& !y cite _m ?+s to ?is effect4  
,?is reason :i* !y display we h above   
remov$ z especially speci\s4  ,= we h   
said t virg9ity )\t fai? is n purity    
be=e ,god1 & m>riage1 on acc\nt ( fai?1 
is pure1 accord+ to ,titus #a1 #af3     

,unto ! pure all ?+s are pure4  ,we h   
said also ?is1 t outw>d purity & !      
c]emonies ( ! ,law are n to be transf]r$
 hi!r1 because ! ,gospel requires purity
 ( he>t1 & does n require ! c]emonies ( 
! ,law4  ,& x may occur t ! he>t ( a    
husb&1 z ( ,abraham or ,jacob1 :o 7     
polygami/s1 is pur] & burns less ) lu/s 
?an t ( _m virg9s :o are ev5 truly      
cont95t4  ,b :at ,isaiah says3 ,be ye   
clean t be> ! vessels ( ! ,"l1 ought to 
be und]/ood z ref]r+ to cleanness ( he>t
 & to ! entire rep5tance4  ,besides1 !  
sa9ts w "k 9 ! ex]cise ( m>riage h[ f> x
 is pr(itable to re/ra9 its use1 & z    
,paul says1 #a ,!ss4 #d1 #d1 to possess 
8 vessel 9 sanctification4  ,la/ly1 s9ce
 m>riage is pure1 x is rightly said to  
^? :o are n cont95t 9 celibacy t !y %\ld
 m>ry wives 9 ord] to be pure4  ,?us !  
same law3 ,be ye clean t be> ! vessels (
 ! ,"l1 comm&s t impure celibates become
 pure husb&s impure unm>ri$ prie/s      
become pure m>ri$ prie/s4  ,! ?ird      
argum5t is horrible1 namely1 t ! m>riage

 ( prie/s is ! h]esy ( ,jov9ian4        
,f9e-s\nd+ words6  ,pity on our poor    
s\ls1 de> sirs2 proce$ g5tly6 ,?is is a 
new crime1 t m>riage :i* ,god in/itut$ 9
 ,p>adise is a h]esy6  ,9 t case all !  
_w w\ld be *ildr5 ( h]etics4 ,9 ! "t (  
,jov9ian ! _w did n z yet "k ! law      
conc]n+ p]petual celibacy4 ,?is our     
adv]s>ies "k v well4 ,!re=e x is an     
impud5t falsehood t ! m>riage ( prie/s  
is ! h]esy ( ,jov9ian1 or t su* m>riage 
0 !n condemn$ by ! ,*ur*4  ,9 su*       
passages we c see :at design ! adv]s>ies
 _h 9 writ+ ! ,confutation4  ,!y judg$ t
 ! ignorant w\ld be ?us mo/ easily      
excit$1 if !y w\ld frequ5tly he> !      
reproa* ( h]esy1 if !y pret5d t our     
cause _h be5 dispat*$ & condemn$ by _m  
previ\s decisions ( ! ,*ur*4  ,?us !y   
frequ5tly cite falsely ! judgm5t ( !    
,*ur*4  ,because !y are n ignorant (    
?is1 !y 7 unwill+ to exhibit to u a copy
 ( _! ,apology1 le/ ?is falsehood & ^!  
reproa*es might be expos$4  ,our op9ion1
 h[ev]1 z reg>ds ! case ( ,jov9ian1     

conc]n+ ! comp>ison ( virg9ity &        
m>riage1 we h express$ above4  ,= we d n
 make m>riage & virg9ity equal1 al?\gh  
nei!r virg9ity nor m>riage m]its        
ju/ification4  ,by su* false argum5ts !y
 def5d a law t is godless & de/ructive  
to good morals4  ,by su* reasons !y set 
! m9ds ( pr9ces firmly aga9/ ,god's     
judgm5t ! pr9ces & bi%ops :o believe ?is
 tea*+ w see :e!r _! reasons w endure ! 
te/ :5 ! h\r ( dea? arrives1 9 :i* ,god 
w call !m to acc\nt z to :y !y h        
dissolv$ m>riages1 & :y !y h tortur$    
flogg$ & impal$ & kill$ prie/s reg>dless
 ( ! cries1 wails1 & te>s ( s _m wid[s &
 orphans4  ,= d n d\bt b t1 z ! blood ( 
dead ,abel cri$ out1 ,g54 #d1 #aj1 s !  
blood ( _m good m5 aga9/ :om !y h       
unju/ly rag$1 w also cry out4  ,& ,god w
 av5ge ?is cruelty2 !re y w discov] h[  
empty are ^! reasons ( ! adv]s>ies1 & y 
w p]ceive t 9 ,god's judgm5t no         
calumnies aga9/ ,god's ,^w rema9 /&+1 z 
,isaiah says1 #dj1 #f3 ,all fle% is     
grass1 & all ! goodl9ess !re( is z !    

fl[] ( ! field t _! argum5ts are /raw & 
hay1 & ,god a consum+ fire1 be=e :om    
no?+ b ,god's ,^w c abide1 #a ,pet4 #a1 
#bd4  ,:atev] may happ51 our pr9ces w be
 able to console !mselves ) !           
consci\sness ( "r c\nsels1 because ev5  
?\gh ! prie/s w\ld h done wrong 9       
contract+ m>riages1 yet ?is disruption (
 m>riages1 ^! proscriptions1 & ?is      
cruelty are manife/ly contr>y to ! w &  
,^w ( ,god4  ,nei!r does novelty or     
diss5t delight our pr9ces1 b especially 
9 a matt] t is n d\btful m reg>d _h to  
be paid to ! ,^w ( ,god ?an to all o!r  
?+s4     ,"p #bi   ,article ,,xxiv      
7,,xii73 ,( ! ,mass4  ,at ! outset we   
mu/ aga9 make ! prelim9>y /atem5t t we d
 n aboli% ! ,mass1 b religi\sly ma9ta9 &
 def5d x4  ,= among u masses are        
celebrat$ e ,"l's ,day & on ! o!r       
fe/ivals1 9 :i* ! ,sacram5t is (f]$ to  
^? :o wi% to use x1 aft] !y h be5 exam9$
 & absolv$4  ,& ! usual public c]emonies
 are obs]v$1 ! s]ies ( lessons ( pray]s1
 ve/m5ts1 & o!r l ?+s4  ,! adv]s>ies h a

 long declamation conc]n+ ! use ( !     
,lat9 language 9 ! ,mass1 9 :i* !y      
absurdly trifle z to h[ x pr(its :at a  
great m]it is a*iev$ by an unle>n$ he>] 
to he> 9 ! fai? ( ! ,*ur* a ,mass :i* he
 does n und]/&4 ,!y evid5tly imag9e t ! 
m]e "w ( he>+ is a s]vice1 t x pr(its   
)\t be+ und]/ood4  ,we are unwill+ to   
malignantly pursue ^! ?+s1 b we leave !m
 to ! judgm5t ( ! read]4  ,we m5tion !m 
only = ! purpose ( /at+ 9 pass+1 t also 
among u ! ,lat9 lessons & pray]s are    
reta9$4  ,s9ce c]emonies1 h[ev]1 ought  
to be obs]v$ bo? to tea* m5 ,scripture1 
& t ^? admoni%$ by ! ,^w may conceive   
fai? & fe> ( ,god1 & obta9 com=t & ?us  
also may pray 7= ^! are ! designs (     
c]emonies 71 we reta9 ! ,lat9 language  
on acc\nt ( ^? :o are le>n+ & und]/&    
,lat91 & we m+le ) x ,g]man hymns1 9    
ord] t ! p also may h some?+ to le>n1 & 
by :i* fai? & fe> may be call$ =?4 ,?is 
cu/om has always exi/$ 9 ! *ur*es4  ,=  
al?\gh "s m frequ5tly1 & o!rs m r>ely1  
introduc$ ,g]man hymns1 nev]!less ! p   

almo/ ev]y:]e sang some?+ 9 _! own      
tongue4  ,!re=e1 ?is is n su* a new     
dep>ture4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 n[h]e be5      
writt5 or repres5t$ t ! act ( he>+      
lessons n und]/ood pr(its m51 or t      
c]emonies pr(it1 n because !y tea* or   
admoni%1 b ex op]e op]ato1 because !y   
are ?us p]=m$ or are look$ ^u4  ,away ) 
su* ph>isaic op9ions6  ,ye sophi/s ought
 to be he>tily a%am$ ( su* dreams6  ,!  
fact t we hold only ,public or ,common  
,mass at :i* ! p also commune1 n        
,private ,mass is no (f5se aga9/ ! ,*ur*
 ca?olic4  ,= 9 ! ,greek *ur*es ev5     
to-day private ,masses are n held1 b !re
 is only a public ,mass1 & t on ! ,"l's 
,day & fe/ivals4  ,9 ! mona/]ies daily  
,mass is held1 b ?is is only public4    
,^! are ! traces ( =m] cu/oms4  ,= n[h]e
 d ! anci5t writ]s be=e ,gregory make   
m5tion ( private ,masses4 ,we n[ omit   
notic+ ! nature ( _! orig94  ,x is      
evid5t t aft] ! m5dicant monks began to 
prevail1 f mo/ false op9ions & on acc\nt
 ( ga9 !y 7 s increas$ t all good m5 = a

 long "t desir$ "s limit to ?is ?+4     
,al?\gh ,/4 ,francis wi%$ to provide    
aright = ?is matt]1 z he decid$ t ea*   
frat]nity %\ld be cont5t ) a s+le common
 ,mass daily1 aft]w>ds ?is 0 *ang$1 ei!r
 by sup]/ition or = ! sake ( ga94  ,?us1
 :]e x is ( advantage1 !y !mselves *ange
 ! in/itutions ( ! ,fa!rs2 & aft]w>ds !y
 cite aga9/ u ! au?ority ( ! ,fa!rs4    
,epiphanius writes t 9 ,asia !          
,communion 0 celebrat$ ?ree times a     
week1 & t !re 7 no daily ,masses4  ,&   
inde$ he says t ?is cu/om 0 h&$ d[n f ! 
apo/les4  ,= he speaks ?us3 ,assemblies 
= ,communion 7 appo9t$ by ! apo/les to  
be held on ! f\r? day1 on ,sabba? eve1 &
 ! ,"l's ,day4  ,moreov]1 al?\gh !      
adv]s>ies collect _m te/imonies on ?is  
topic to prove t ! ,mass is a sacrifice1
 yet ?is great tumult ( words w be      
quiet$ :5 ! s+le reply is advanc$ t ?is 
l9e ( au?orities1 reasons & te/imonies1 
h[ev] long1 does n prove t ! ,mass      
conf]s grace er op]e op]ato1 or t1 :5   
appli$ on behalf ( o!rs1 x m]its = !m ! 

remission ( v5ial & mortal s9s1 ( guilt 
& puni%m5t4  ,?is "o reply ov]?r[s all  
objections ( ! adv]s>ies1 n only 9 ?is  
,confutation1 b 9 all writ+s :i* !y h   
publi%$ conc]n+ ! ,mass4  ,& ?is is !   
issue ! pr9cipal "q ( ! case ( :i* our  
read]s are to be admoni%$1 z ,aes*9es   
admoni%$ ! judges t j z box]s cont5d )  
"o ano!r = _! position1 s !y %\ld /rive 
) _! adv]s>y conc]n+ ! controv]t$ po9t1 
& n p]mit him to w&] beyond ! case4  ,9 
! same mann] our adv]s>ies ought to be  
"h compell$ to speak on ! subject       
pres5t$4  ,& :5 ! controv]t$ po9t has   
be5 ?or\ghly und]/ood1 a decision       
conc]n+ ! argum5ts on bo? sides w be v  
easy4  ,= 9 our ,confession we h %[n t  
we hold t ! ,"l's ,supp] does n conf]   
grace ex op]e op]ato1 & t1 :5 appli$ on 
behalf ( o!rs1 alive or dead1 x does n  
m]it = !m ex op]e op]ato ! remission (  
s9s1 ( guilt or ( puni%m5t4  ,& ( ?is   
position a cle> & firm pro( exi/s 9 t x 
is impossible to obta9 ! remission ( our
 s9s on acc\nt ( our own "w ex op]e     

op]ato ev5 :5 !re is n a good ?\ght 9 ! 
he>t1 b ! t]rors ( s9 & dea? mu/ be     
ov]come by fai? :5 we com=t our he>ts ) 
! k ( ,*ri/1 & believe t = ,*ri/'s sake 
we are =giv51 & t ! m]its & righte\sness
 ( ,*ri/ are grant$ u1 ,rom4 #e1 #a3    
,be+ ju/ifi$ by fai?1 we h peace4  ,^!  
?+s are s sure & s firm t !y c /& aga9/ 
all ! gates ( hell4  ,if we are to say  
only z mu* z is necess>y1 ! case has    
already be5 /at$4  ,= no sane man c     
approve t ph>isaic & hea!n op9ion       
conc]n+ ! opus op]atum4  ,& nev]!less   
?is op9ion inh]es 9 ! p1 & has increas$ 
inf9itely ! numb] ( masses4  ,= masses  
are pur*as$ to appease ,god's wra?1 & by
 ?is "w !y wi% to obta9 ! remission (   
guilt & ( puni%m5t2 !y wi% to procure   
:atev] is necess>y 9 e k9d ( life heal? 
ri*es1 prosp]ity1 & success 9 bus9ess4  
,!y wi% ev5 to lib]ate ! dead4  ,monks &
 sophi/s h taught ?is ph>isaic op9ion 9 
! ,*ur*4  ,b al?\gh our case has already
 be5 /at$1 yet1 because ! adv]s>ies     
fooli%ly p]v]t _m passages ( ,scripture 

to ! def5se ( _! errors1 we %all add a  
few ?+s on ?is topic4  ,9 ! ,confutation
 !y h said _m ?+s conc]n+ sacrifice1    
al?\gh 9 our ,confession we purposely   
avoid$ ?is t]m on acc\nt ( its          
ambiguity4  ,we h set =? :at ^? p]sons  
^: abuses we condemn n[ und]/& z a      
sacrifice4  ,n[1 9 ord] to expla9 !     
passages ( ,scripture t h be5 wick$ly   
p]v]t$1 x is necess>y 9 ! beg9n+ to set 
=? :at a sacrifice is4  ,already = an   
entire p]iod ( t5 ye>s ! adv]s>ies h    
publi%$ almo/ inf9ite volumes conc]n+   
sacrifice1 & yet n "o ( !m ?us f> has   
giv5 a def9ition ( sacrifice4  ,!y only 
seize ^u ! "n sacrifices ei!r f !       
,scriptures or ! ,fa!rs & :]e !y f9d x 9
 ! ,concordances ( ! ,bible apply x "h1 
:e!r x fits or n4  ,aft]w>d !y app5d _! 
own dreams1 z ?\gh inde$ a sacrifice    
signifies :atev] pleases !m4     ,"p #cj
   ,:at a ,sacrifice ,is1 & ,:at ,are ! 
,species ( ,sacrifice4  ,n[1 le/ we     
plunge bl9dly into ?is bus9ess1 we mu/  
indicate1 9 ! fir/ place1 a di/9ction z 

to :at is1 & :at is n1 a sacrifice4  ,to
 "k ?is is exp$i5t & good = all         
,*ri/ians4 ,socrates1 9 ! ,pha$rus (    
,plato1 says t he is especially fond (  
divisions1 because )\t ^! no?+ c ei!r be
 expla9$ or und]/ood 9 speak+1 & if he  
discov]s any "o skilful 9 mak+          
divisions1 he says t he att5ds & foll[s 
8 foot/eps z ^? ( a god4  ,& he in/ructs
 ! "o divid+ to sep>ate ! memb]s 9 _! v 
jo9ts1 le/1 l an unskilful cook1 he     
break to pieces "s memb]4  ,b !         
adv]s>ies wond]fully despise ^!         
precepts1 &1 accord+ to ,plato1 are     
truly kakoi mageiroi 7poor but*]s71 s9ce
 !y break ! memb]s ( sacrifice1 z c be  
und]/ood :5 we h enum]at$ ! species (   
sacrifice4 ,!ologians are rightly       
accu/om$ to di/+ui% betwe5 a ,sacram5t &
 a sacrifice4  ,!re=e let ! g5us        
compreh5d+ bo? ( ^! be ei!r a c]emony or
 a sacr$ "w4  ,a ,sacram5t is a c]emony 
or "w 9 :i* ,god pres5ts to u t :i* !   
promise annex$ to ! c]emony (f]s2 z     
,baptism is a "w1 n :i* we (f] to ,god b

 9 :i* ,god baptizes u1 i4e41 a m9i/] 9 
! place ( ,god2 & ,god "h (f]s & pres5ts
 ! remission ( s9s1 etc41 accord+ to !  
promise1 ,m>k #af1 #af3 ,he t believe? &
 is baptiz$ %all be sav$4  ,a sacrifice1
 on ! contr>y1 is a c]emony or "w :i* we
 r5d] ,god 9 ord] to af=d ,him honor4   
,moreov]1 ! proximate species (         
sacrifice are two1 & !re are no m4  ,"o 
is ! propitiatory sacrifice1 i4e41 a "w 
:i* makes satisfaction = guilt &        
puni%m5t1 i4e41 "o t reconciles ,god1 or
 appeases ,god's wra?1 or :i* m]its !   
remission ( s9s = o!rs4  ,! o!r species 
is ! eu*>i/ic sacrifice1 :i* does n m]it
 ! remission ( s9s or reconciliation1 b 
is r5d]$ by ^? :o h be5 reconcil$1 9    
ord] t we may give ?anks or return      
gratitude = ! remission ( s9s t has be5 
receiv$1 or = o!r b5efits receiv$4  ,^! 
two species ( sacrifice we ought        
especially to h 9 view & plac$ be=e !   
eyes 9 ?is controv]sy1 z well z 9 _m o!r
 discussions2 & especial c>e mu/ be tak5
 le/ !y be conf\nd$4  ,b if ! limits (  

?is book w\ld suff] x1 we w\ld add !    
reasons = ?is division4  ,= x has _m    
te/imonies 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews &  
else:]e4  ,& all ,levitical sacrifices c
 be ref]r$ to ^! memb]s z to _! own     
homes g5]a4  ,= 9 ! ,law c]ta9          
sacrifices 7 nam$ propitiatory on acc\nt
 ( _! signification or similitude2 n    
because !y m]it$ ! remission ( s9s be=e 
,god1 b because !y m]it$ ! remission (  
s9s accord+ to ! righte\sness ( ! ,law1 
9 ord] t ^? = :om !y 7 made might n be  
exclud$ f t commonweal? f ! p ( ,israel4
  ,!re=e !y 7 call$ s9-(f]+s & burnt    
(f]+s = a trespass4  ,:]eas ! eu*>i/ic  
sacrifices 7 ! oblation1 ! dr9k-(f]+1   
?ank-(f]+s1 fir/-fruits1 ti!s4  ,?us !re
 h be5 9 ! ,law emblems ( ! true        
sacrifice4 ,b 9 fact !re has be5 only "o
 propitiatory sacrifice 9 ! _w1 namely1 
! dea? ( ,*ri/1 z ! ,epi/le to !        
,hebrews tea*es1 :i* says1 #aj1 #d3 ,x  
is n possible t ! blood ( bulls & (     
goats %\ld take away s9s4  ,& a little  
aft]1 ( ! ob$i5ce & w ( ,*ri/1 v4 #aj3  

,by ! :i* w we are sanctifi$ by ! (f]+ (
 ! body ( ,jesus ,*ri/ once = all4  ,&  
,isaiah int]prets ! ,law1 9 ord] t we   
may "k t ! dea? ( ,*ri/ is truly a      
satisfaction = our s9s1 or expiation1 & 
t ! c]emonies ( ! ,law are n1 :]e=e he  
says1 #ec1 #aj3 ,:5 ,?\ %alt make ,8 s\l
 an (f]+ = s91 ,he w see ,8 se$1 etc4 ,=
 ! ^w employ$ "h1 '%m1 signifies a      
victim = transgression2 :i* signifi$ 9 !
 ,law t a c]ta9 ,victim 0 to come to    
make satisfaction = our s9s & reconcile 
,god 9 ord] t m5 might "k t ,god wi%es  
to be reconcil$ to u1 n on acc\nt ( our 
own righte\snesses1 b on acc\nt ( !     
m]its ( ano!r1 namely1 ( ,*ri/4  ,paul  
int]prets ! same ^w '%m z s91 ,rom4 #h1 
#c3 ,= s9 7,god7 condemn$ s91 i4e41 ,he 
puni%$ s9 = s91 i4e41 by a ,victim = s94
  ,! significance ( ! ^w c be ! m easily
 und]/ood f ! cu/oms ( ! hea!n1 :i*1 we 
see1 h be5 receiv$ f ! misund]/ood      
expressions ( ! ,fa!rs4  ,! ,lat9s call$
 a victim t :i* 9 great calamities1 :]e 
,god seem$ to be especially enrag$1 0   

(f]$ to appease ,god's wra?1 a piaculum2
 & !y sometimes sacrific$ human victims1
 p]haps because !y _h he>d t a human    
victim w\ld appease ,god = ! entire     
human race4  ,! ,greeks sometimes call$ 
!m ka?>mata & sometimes p]ipsehmata4    
,isaiah & ,paul1 !re=e1 mean t ,*ri/    
became a victim i4e41 an expiation1 t by
 ,8 m]its1 & n by our own1 ,god might be
 reconcil$4 ,!re=e let ?is rema9        
e/abli%$ 9 ! case namely1 t ! dea? (    
,*ri/ alone is truly a propitiatory     
sacrifice4  ,= ! ,levitical propitiatory
 sacrifices 7 s call$ only to signify a 
future expiation4  ,on acc\nt ( a c]ta9 
resemblance1 !re=e1 !y 7 satisfactions  
r$eem+ ! righte\sness ( ! ,law1 le/ ^?  
p]sons :o s9n$ %\ld be exclud$ f !      
commonweal?4 ,b aft] ! revelation ( !   
,gospel & aft] ! true sacrifice has be5 
accompli%$ !y _h to cease1 & because !y 
_h to cease 9 ! revelation ( ! ,gospel1 
!y 7 n truly propitiations1 s9ce !      
,gospel 0 promis$ = ?is v reason1       
namely1 to set =? a propitiation4  ,n[ !

 re/ are eu*>i/ic sacrifices :i* are    
call$ sacrifices ( praise1 ,lev4 #c1 #a 
f42 #g1 #aa f42 ,ps4 #ef1 #ab f41       
namely1 ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel1 fai?1     
pray]1 ?anksgiv+1 confession1 !         
afflictions ( sa9ts yea1 all good works 
( sa9ts4  ,^! sacrifices are n          
satisfactions = ^? mak+ !m1 or          
applicable on behalf ( o!rs1 s z to m]it
 = ^!1 ex op]e op]ato1 ! remission ( s9s
 or reconciliation4  ,= !y are made by  
^? :o h be5 reconcil$4  ,& su* are !    
sacrifices ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z ,pet]   
tea*es1 #a4 ,ep4 #b1 #e3 ,an holy       
prie/hood1 to (f] up spiritual          
sacrifices4  ,spiritual sacrifices1     
h[ev]1 are contra/$ n only ) ^? (       
cattle1 b ev5 ) human works (f]$ ex op]e
 op]ato1 because spiritual ref]s to !   
movem5ts ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 u4  ,paul    
tea*es ! same ?+ ,rom4 #ab1 #a3 ,pres5t 
y\r bodies a liv+ sacrifice1 holy1      
acceptable1 :i* is y\r reasonable       
s]vice4  ,reasonable s]vice signifies1  
h[ev]1 a s]vice 9 :i* ,god is kn[n &    

appreh5d$ by ! m9d1 z happ5s 9 !        
movem5ts ( fe> & tru/ t[>ds ,god4       
,!re=e x is oppos$ n only to !          
,levitical s]vice1 9 :i* cattle are     
sla91 b also to a s]vice 9 :i* a "w is  
imag9$ to be (f]$ ex op]e op]ato4  ,!   
,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 #ac1 #ae1 tea*es 
! same ?+3 ,by ,him1 !re=e1 let u (f] ! 
sacrifice ( praise to ,god cont9ually2 &
 he adds ! int]pretation1 t is1 ! fruit 
( our lips1 giv+ ?anks to ,8 "n4  ,he   
bids u (f] praises1 i4e41 pray]1        
?anksgiv+1 confession1 & ! l4  ,^! avail
 n ex op]e op]ato1 b on acc\nt ( fai?4  
,?is is taught by ! clause3 ,by ,him let
 u (f]1 i4e41 by fai? 9 ,*ri/4  ,9 %ort1
 ! wor%ip ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is          
spiritual1 i4e41 x is ! righte\sness (  
fai? 9 ! he>t & ! fruits ( fai?4  ,x    
accord+ly aboli%es ! ,levitical s]vices4
  ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t no (f]+ avails ex  
op]e op]ato1 s9e bono motu ut5tis1 i4e4 
on acc\nt ( ! "w1 )\t a good ?\ght 9 !  
he>t4 ,& ,*ri/ says1 ,john #d1 #bc4 #bd3
 ,true wor%ip]s %all wor%ip ! ,fa!r 9 _s

 & 9 tru?1 = ! ,fa!r seeke? su* to      
wor%ip ,him4 ,god is a ,_s2 & !y t      
wor%ip ,him mu/ wor%ip ,him 9 _s & 9    
tru? t is f ! he>t1 ) he>tfelt fe> &    
cordial fai?4  ,?is passage cle>ly      
condemns z absolutely devili%1          
ph>isaical1 & anti*ri/ian op9ions       
conc]n+ sacrifices :i* !y imag9e1 avail 
ex op]e op]ato1 & tea*es t m5 ought to  
wor%ip 9 _s i4e41 ) ! dispositions ( !  
he>t & by fai?4  ,! ,jews also did n    
und]/& _! c]emonies aright1 & imag9$ t  
!y 7 righte\s be=e ,god :5 !y _h wr\ght 
works ex op]e op]ato4  ,aga9/ ?is !     
prophets cont5d ) ! greate/ e>ne/ness4  
,accord+ly1 ! prophets also 9 ! ,old    
,te/am5t condemn ! op9ion ( ! p conc]n+ 
! opus op]atum & tea* ! righte\sness &  
sacrifices ( ! ,_s4 ,j]4 #g1 #bb4 #bc3  
,= ,i spake n unto y\r fa!rs1 nor comm&$
 !m1 9 ! day t ,i br\ght !m out ( ! l& (
 ,egypt1 conc]n+ burnt (f]+s or         
sacrifices2 b ?is ?+ comm&$ ,i !m1 say+1
 ,obey ,my voice1 & ,i w be y\r ,god1   
etc4 ,h[ d we suppose t ! ,jews receiv$ 

?is arraignm5t1 :i* seems to conflict   
op5ly ) ,moses8  ,= x 0 evid5t t ,god _h
 giv5 ! fa!rs comm&s conc]n+ burnt (f]+s
 & victims4  ,b ,j]emiah condemns !     
op9ion conc]n+ sacrifices :i* ,god _h n 
deliv]$ namely1 t ^! s]vices %\ld please
 ,him ex op]e op]ato4  ,b he adds       
conc]n+ fai? t ,god _h comm&$ ?is3 ,he> 
,me1 i4e41 believe ,me t ,i am y\r ,god2
 t ,i wi% to become ?us kn[n :5 ,i pity 
& aid2 nei!r h ,i ne$ ( y\r victims2    
believe t ,i wi% to be ,god ! ,ju/ifi] &
 ,savior1 n on acc\nt ( works1 b on     
acc\nt ( ,my ^w & promise1 truly & f !  
he>t seek & expect aid f ,me4  ,ps4 #ej1
 #ac4 #ae1 :i* rejects ! victims &      
requires pray]1 also condemns ! op9ion  
conc]n+ ! opus op]atum3 ,w ,i eat ! fle%
 ( bulls8 etc4 7,call ^u ,me 9 ! day (  
tr\ble2 ,i w deliv] !e1 & ?\ %alt       
glorify ,me4  ,! ,psalmi/ te/ifies t ?is
 is true s]vice1 t ?is is true honor1 if
 we call ^u ,him f ! he>t4  ,likewise   
,ps4 #dj1 #f3 ,sacrifice & (f]+ ,?\ did/
 n desire2 m9e e>s ha/ ,?\ op5$1 i4e41  

,?\ ha/ (f]$ to me ,?y ,^w t ,i might   
he> x1 & ,?\ do/ require t ,i believe   
,?y ,^w & ,! promises1 t ,?\ truly      
desire/ to pity1 to br+ aid1 etc4       
,likewise ,ps4 #ea1 #af4 #ag3 ,?\       
delighte/ n 9 burnt (f]+4  ,! sacrifices
 ( ,god are a brok5 _s2 a brok5 & a     
contrite he>t1 ,o ,god1 ,?\ wilt n      
despise4  ,likewise ,ps4 #d1 #e3 ,(f] ! 
sacrifices ( righte\sness1 & put y\r    
tru/ hope1 ,v4 9 ! ,"l4  ,he bids u     
hope1 & says t ?is is a righte\s        
sacrifice1 signify+ t o!r sacrifices are
 n true & righte\s sacrifices4  ,& ,ps4 
#aaf1 #ag3 ,i w (f] to ,!e ! sacrifices 
( ?anksgiv+1 & w call ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l   
,!y call invocation a sacrifice (       
?anksgiv+4  ,b ,scripture is full ( su* 
te/imonies z tea* t sacrifices ex op]e  
op]ato d n reconcile ,god4  ,accord+ly !
 ,new ,te/am5t1 s9ce ,levitical s]vices 
h be5 abrogat$1 tea*es t new & pure     
sacrifices w be made1 namely1 fai?1     
pray]1 ?anksgiv+1 confession1 & ! prea*+
 ( ! ,gospel1 afflictions on acc\nt ( ! 

,gospel1 & ! l4  ,& ( ^! sacrifices     
,mala*i speaks1 #a1 #aa3 ,f ! ris+ ( !  
sun ev5 unto ! go+ d[n ( ! same ,my "n  
%all be great among ! ,g5tiles2 & 9 e   
place inc5se %all be (f]$ unto ,my "n & 
a pure (f]+4  ,! adv]s>ies p]v]sely     
apply ?is passage to ! ,mass1 & quote ! 
au?ority ( ! ,fa!rs4  ,a reply1 h[ev]1  
is easy1 = ev5 if x spoke mo/ p>ticul>ly
 ( ! ,mass1 x w\ld n foll[ t ! ,mass    
ju/ifies ex op]e op]ato1 or t :5 appli$ 
to o!rs1 x m]its ! remission ( s9s1 etc4
 ,! prophet says no?+ ( ^? ?+s :i* !    
monks & sophi/s impud5tly fabricate4    
,besides1 ! v words ( ! prophet express 
8 mean+4  ,= !y fir/ say ?is1 namely1 t 
! "n ( ! ,"l w be great4  ,?is is       
accompli%$ by ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel4  ,= 
?r\gh ?is ! "n ( ,*ri/ is made kn[n1 & !
 m]cy ( ! ,fa!r1 promis$ 9 ,*ri/ is     
recogniz$4  ,! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel       
produces fai? 9 ^? :o receive ! ,gospel4
  ,!y call ^u ,god1 !y give ?anks to    
,god1 !y be> afflictions = _!           
confession1 !y produce good works = !   

glory ( ,*ri/4 ,?us ! "n ( ! ,"l becomes
 great among ! ,g5tiles4 ,!re=e inc5se &
 a pure (f]+ signify n a c]emony ex op]e
 op]ato n ! c]emony ( ! ,mass alone1 b  
all ^? sacrifices ?r\gh :i* ! "n ( ! ,"l
 becomes great1 namely1 fai?1           
invocation1 ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel1       
confession1 etc4 ,& if any "o w\ld h ?is
 t]m embrace ! c]emony ( ! ,mass1 we    
readily conc$e x1 provid$ he nei!r      
und]/&s ! c]emony alone1 nor tea*es t ! 
c]emony pr(its ex op]e op]ato4  ,= j z  
among ! sacrifices ( praise1 i4e41 among
 ! praises ( ,god1 we include ! prea*+ (
 ! ,^w s ! reception itself ( ! ,"l's   
,supp] c be praise or ?anksgiv+1 b x    
does n ju/ify ex op]e op]ato2 nei!r is x
 to be appli$ to o!rs s z to m]it = !m !
 remission ( s9s4  ,b aft] a :ile we    
%all expla9 h[ ev5 a c]emony is a       
sacrifice4  ,yet1 z ,mala*i speaks ( all
 ! s]vices ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & n only (
 ! ,"l's ,supp]2 likewise1 z he does n  
favor ! ph>isaic op9ion ( ! opus        
op]atum1 he is n aga9/ u1 b r aids u4 ,=

 he requires s]vices ( ! he>t1 ?r\gh :i*
 ! "n ( ! ,"l becomes truly great4      
,ano!r passage also is cit$ f ,mala*i   
#c1 #c3 ,& ,he %all purify ! sons (     
,levi1 & purge !m z gold & silv]1 t !y  
may (f] unto ! ,"l an (f]+ (            
righte\sness4  ,?is passage cle>ly      
requires ! sacrifices ( ! righte\s1 &   
h5ce does n favor ! op9ion conc]n+ !    
opus op]atum4  ,b ! sacrifices ( ! sons 
( ,levi i4e41 ( ^? tea*+ 9 ! ,new       
,te/am5t1 are ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel1 & ! 
good fruits ( prea*+1 z ,paul says1     
,rom4 #ae1 #af3 ,m9i/]+ ! ,gospel (     
,god1 t ! (f]+ up ( ! ,g5tiles might be 
acceptable1 be+ sanctifi$ by ! ,holy    
,gho/1 i4e41 t ! ,g5tiles might be (f]+s
 acceptable to ,god by fai?1 etc4 ,= 9 !
 ,law ! slay+ ( victims signifi$ bo? !  
dea? ( ,*ri/ & ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel1 by 
:i* ?is oldness ( fle% %\ld be mortifi$1
 & ! new & et]nal life be begun 9 u4  ,b
 ! adv]s>ies ev]y:]e p]v]sely apply ! "n
 sacrifice to ! c]emony alone4  ,!y omit
 ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel1 fai?1 pray]1 &   

simil> ?+s1 al?\gh ! c]emony has be5    
e/abli%$ on acc\nt ( ^!1 & ! ,new       
,te/am5t ought to h sacrifices ( ! he>t1
 & n c]emonials = s9 t are to be p]=m$  
aft] ! mann] ( ! ,levitical prie/hood4  
,!y cite also ! daily sacrifice 7cf4    
,ex4 #bi1 #ch f42 ,dan4 #h1 ll f41 #ab1 
#aa71 t1 j z 9 ! ,law !re 0 a daily     
sacrifice1 s ! ,mass ought to be a daily
 sacrifice ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4  ,!       
adv]s>ies h manag$ well if we p]mit     
ourselves to be ov]come by allegories4  
,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t allegories d n   
produce firm pro(s t 9 matt]s s highly  
important be=e ,god we mu/ h a sure &   
cle> ^w ( ,god1 & n introduce by =ce    
obscure & =eign passages1 su* unc]ta9   
explanations d n /& ! te/ ( ,god's      
judgm5t4  ,al?\gh we inde$ readily suff]
 ! ,mass to be und]/ood z a daily       
sacrifice1 provid$ t ! entire ,mass be  
und]/ood1 i4e41 ! c]emony ) ! prea*+ ( !
 ,gospel1 fai?1 invocation1 & ?anksgiv+4
  ,= ^! jo9$ toge!r are a daily         
sacrifice ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 because !  

c]emony ( ! ,mass1 or ! ,"l's ,supp] 0  
in/itut$ on acc\nt ( ^! ?+s1 nei!r is x 
to be sep>at$ f ^!4 ,paul says          
accord+ly1 #a ,cor4 #aa1 #bf3 ,z (t5 z  
ye eat ?is bread & dr9k ?is cup1 ye d %[
 ! ,"l's dea? till ,he come4  ,b x 9 no 
way foll[s f ?is ,levitical type t a    
c]emony ju/ify+ ex op]e op]ato is       
necess>y1 or ought to be appli$ on      
behalf ( o!rs1 t x may m]it = !m !      
remission ( s9s4  ,& ! type aptly       
repres5ts n only ! c]emony1 b also !    
prea*+ ( ! ,gospel4  ,9 ,num4 #bh1 #d f4
 ?ree p>ts ( t daily sacrifice are      
repres5t$1 ! burn+ ( ! lamb1 ! libation1
 & ! oblation ( :eat fl\r4  ,! ,law _h  
pictures or %ad[s ( future ?+s4         
,accord+ly1 9 ?is spectacle ,*ri/ & !   
entire wor%ip ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are     
portray$4  ,! burn+ ( ! lamb signifies !
 dea? ( ,*ri/4  ,! libation signifies t 
ev]y:]e 9 ! entire _w1 by ! prea*+ ( !  
,gospel1 believ]s are spr9kl$ ) ! blood 
( t ,lamb1 i4e41 sanctifi$1 z ,pet]     
says1 #a4 ,ep4 #a1 #b3 ,?r\gh           

sanctification ( ! ,_s1 unto ob$i5ce &  
spr9kl+ ( ! blood ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,!   
oblation ( :eat fl\r signifies fai?1    
pray]1 & ?anksgiv+ 9 he>ts4  ,z1 !re=e1 
9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! %ad[ is p]ceiv$1 s 
9 ! ,new ! ?+ signifi$ %\ld be s\ght1 & 
n ano!r type1 z suffici5t = a sacrifice4
  ,!re=e1 al?\gh a c]emony is a memorial
 ( ,*ri/'s dea?1 nev]!less x alone is n 
! daily sacrifice2 b ! memory itself is 
! daily sacrifice1 i4e41 prea*+ & fai?1 
:i* truly believes t1 by ! dea? ( ,*ri/1
 ,god has be5 reconcil$4  ,a libation is
 requir$1 i4e41 ! effect ( prea*+1 9    
ord] t1 be+ spr9kl$ by ! ,gospel ) !    
blood ( ,*ri/1 we may be sanctifi$1 z ^?
 put to dea? & made alive4  ,oblations  
also are requir$1 i4e41 ?anksgiv+1      
confessions1 & afflictions4  ,?us !     
ph>isaic op9ion ( ! opus op]atum be+ ca/
 aside1 let u und]/& t spiritual wor%ip 
& a daily sacrifice ( ! he>t are        
signifi$1 because 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t !   
sub/ance ( good ?+s %\ld be s\ght = z   
,paul says3 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t is ! %ad[

 ( ?+s to come b ! body & ! tru? is 9   
,*ri/1 i4e41 ! ,holy ,gho/1             
mortification1 & quick5+4  ,f ^! ?+s x  
is suffici5tly app>5t t ! type ( ! daily
 sacrifice te/ifies no?+ aga9/ u1 b r = 
u1 because we seek = all ! p>ts signifi$
 by ! daily sacrifice4  ,we h cle>ly %[n
 all ! p>ts t belong$ to ! daily        
sacrifice 9 ! law ( ,moses1 t x mu/ mean
 a true cordial (f]+1 n an opus op]atum4
 ,! adv]s>ies falsely imag9e t ! c]emony
 alone is signifi$1 & n also ! prea*+ ( 
! ,gospel1 mortification1 & quick5+ (   
he>t1 etc4 :i* is ! be/ "p ( ! ,mass1   
:e!r !y call x a sacrifice or any?+     
else4  ,n[1 !re=e1 good m5 w be able to 
judge readily t ! compla9t aga9/ u t we 
aboli% ! daily sacrifice is mo/ false4  
,exp]i5ce %[s :at sort ( ,antio*i !y are
 :o hold p[] 9 ! ,*ur*2 :o "u ! pretext 
( religion assume to !mselves ! k+dom ( 
! _w1 & :o rule )\t conc]n = religion & 
! tea*+ ( ! ,gospel2 :o wage w> l k+s ( 
! _w1 & h in/itut$ new s]vices 9 !      
,*ur*4  ,= 9 ! ,mass ! adv]s>ies reta9  

only ! c]emony1 & publicly apply ?is to 
sacrilegi\s ga94  ,aft]w>d !y feign t   
?is "w1 z appli$ on behalf ( o!rs1 m]its
 = !m grace & all good ?+s4  ,9 _!      
s]mons !y d n tea* ! ,gospel1 !y d n    
console consci5ces !y d n %[ t s9s are  
freely remitt$ = ,*ri/'s sake1 b !y set 
=? ! wor%ip ( sa9ts1 human              
satisfactions1 human traditions1 & by ^!
 !y affirm t m5 are ju/ifi$ be=e ,god4  
,& al?\gh "s ( ^! traditions are        
manife/ly godless1 nev]!less !y def5d !m
 by viol5ce4  ,if any prea*]s wi% to be 
reg>d$ m le>n$1 !y treat ( philosophical
 que/ions1 :i* nei!r ! p nor ev5 ^? :o  
propose !m und]/&4  ,la/ly1 ^? :o are m 
tol]able tea* ! ,law1 & say no?+ conc]n+
 ! righte\sness ( fai?4  ,! adv]s>ies 9 
! ,confutation make a great ado conc]n+ 
! desolation ( *ur*es1 namely1 t ! alt>s
 /& unadorn$1 )\t c&les & )\t images4   
,^! trifles !y reg>d z ornam5ts to      
*ur*es4  ,al?\gh x is n true t we aboli%
 all su* outw>d ornam5ts2 yet1 ev5 if x 
7 s1 ,daniel is n speak+ ( su* ?+s z are

 altoge!r ext]nal & d n belong to !     
,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,x is a f> diff]5t      
desolation :i* ,daniel means1 #aa1 #ca2 
#ab1 #aa1 namely1 ignorance ( ! ,gospel4
  ,= ! p1 ov]:elm$ by ! multitude &     
v>iety ( traditions & op9ions1 7 9 no   
way able to embrace ! sum ( ,*ri/ian    
doctr9e4  ,= ! adv]s>ies prea* mo/ly (  
human ord9ances1 :]eby consci5ces are l$
 f ,*ri/ to confid5ce 9 _! own works4 ,=
 :o ( ! p ev] und]/ood ! doctr9e (      
rep5tance ( :i* ! adv]s>ies treat8  ,&  
yet ?is is ! *ief topic ( ,*ri/ian      
doctr9e4  ,consci5ces 7 torm5t$ by !    
enum]ation ( (f5ses & by satisfactions4 
,( fai? by :i* we freely receive !      
remission ( s9s1 no m5tion :atev] 0 made
 by ! adv]s>ies4  ,conc]n+ ! ex]cises ( 
fai? /ruggl+ ) despair1 & ! free        
remission ( s9s = ,*ri/'s sake1 all !   
books & all ! s]mons ( ! adv]s>ies 7    
sil5t worse ?an wor?less1 &1 moreov]1   
caus$ untold damage4  ,to ^!1 ! horrible
 pr(anation ( ! masses & _m o!r godless 
s]vices 9 ! *ur*es 7 add$4  ,?is is !   

desolation :i* ,daniel describes4  ,on !
 contr>y1 by ! favor ( ,god1 ! prie/s   
among u att5d to ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w1 tea* 
! ,gospel conc]n+ ! bless+s ( ,*ri/1 &  
%[ t ! remission ( s9s occurs freely =  
,*ri/'s sake4  ,?is doctr9e br+s sure   
consolation to consci5ces4 ,! doctr9e ( 
! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts & good works :i* ,god  
comm&s is also add$4  ,! wor? & use ( ! 
,sacram5ts are decl>$4  ,b if ! use ( ! 
,sacram5t w\ld be ! daily sacrifice1    
nev]!less we w\ld reta9 x r ?an !       
adv]s>ies1 because ) !m prie/s hir$ =   
pay use ! ,sacram5t4  ,) u !re is a m   
frequ5t & m consci5ti\s use4  ,= ! p use
 x1 b aft] hav+ fir/ be5 in/ruct$ &     
exam9$4  ,= m5 are taught conc]n+ ! true
 use ( ! ,sacram5t t x 0 in/itut$ = !   
purpose ( be+ a seal & te/imony ( ! free
 remission ( s9s1 & t1 accord+ly1 x     
ought to admoni% al>m$ consci5ces to be 
truly confid5t & believe t _! s9s are   
freely remitt$4  ,s9ce1 !re=e1 we reta9 
bo? ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel & ! lawful use 
( ! ,sacram5t1 ! daily sacrifice rema9s 

) u4  ,& if we mu/ speak ( ! outw>d     
appe>ance1 att5dance ^u *ur* is bett]   
among u ?an among ! adv]s>ies4  ,= !    
audi5ces are held by useful & cle>      
s]mons4  ,b nei!r ! p nor ! tea*]s h ev]
 und]/ood ! doctr9e ( ! adv]s>ies4  ,!re
 is no?+ t s atta*es p to ! *ur* z good 
prea*+4  ,b our adv]s>ies prea* _! p out
 ( ! *ur*es2 = !y tea* no?+ ( ! necess>y
 p>ts ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e2 !y n>rate !   
leg5ds ( sa9ts & o!r fables4 ,& ! true  
adornm5t ( ! *ur*es is godly1 useful1 & 
cle> doctr9e1 ! dev\t use ( !           
,sacram5ts1 ard5t pray]1 & ! l4  ,c&les1
 gold5 vessels tap]s1 alt>-clo?s1       
images1 & simil> adornm5ts are becom+1 b
 !y are n ! adornm5t t prop]ly belongs  
to ! ,*ur*4  ,b if ! adv]s>ies make     
wor%ip consi/ 9 su* matt]s1 & n 9 !     
prea*+ ( ! ,gospel1 9 fai?1 & !         
conflicts ( fai? !y are to be numb]$    
among ^? :om ,daniel describes z wor%ip+
 _! ,god ) gold & silv]1 ,dan4 #aa1 #ch4
  ,!y quote also f ! ,epi/le to !       
,hebrews1 #e1 #a3 ,e high prie/ tak5 f  

among m5 is orda9$ = m5 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to 
,god t he may (f] bo? gifts & sacrifices
 = s9s4  ,h5ce !y conclude t1 s9ce 9 !  
,new ,te/am5t !re are high prie/s &     
prie/s1 x foll[s t !re is also a        
sacrifice = s9s4 ,?is passage p>ticul>ly
 makes an impression on ! unle>n$1      
especially :5 ! pomp ( ! prie/hood !    
g>m5ts ( ,a>on1 s9ce 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t  
!re 7 _m ornam5ts ( gold1 silv]1 &      
purple & ! sacrifices ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 
are spread be=e ! eyes4  ,?is           
resemblance deceives ! ignorant1 s t !y 
judge t1 accord+ to ! same mann]1 a     
c]emonial sacrifice ought to exi/ among 
u1 :i* %\ld be appli$ on behalf ( ! s9s 
( o!rs1 j z 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4  ,nei!r  
is ! s]vice ( ! masses & ! re/ ( !      
polity ( ! ,pope any?+ else ?an false   
zeal 9 behalf ( ! misund]/ood ,levitical
 polity4  ,!y h n und]/ood t ! ,new     
,te/am5t is occupi$ ) o!r matt]s1 & t1  
if su* c]emonies are us$ = ! tra9+ ( !  
"y1 a limit mu/ be fix$ = !m4  ,& al?\gh
 our belief has its *ief te/imonies 9 ! 

,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 nev]!less !      
adv]s>ies di/ort aga9/ u mutilat$       
passages f ?is ,epi/le1 z 9 ?is v       
passage1 :]e x is said t e high prie/ is
 orda9$ to (f] sacrifices = s9s4        
,scripture itself imm$iately adds t     
,*ri/ is ,high ,prie/1 ,heb4 #e1 #e4 #f4
 #aj4 ,! prec$+ words speak ( !         
,levitical prie/hood1 & signify t !     
,levitical prie/hood 0 an image ( !     
prie/hood ( ,*ri/4  ,= ! ,levitical     
sacrifices = s9s did n m]it ! remission 
( s9s be=e ,god2 !y 7 only an image ( ! 
sacrifice ( ,*ri/1 :i* 0 to be ! "o     
propitiatory sacrifice1 z we h said     
above4  ,!re=e ! ,epi/le is occupi$ to a
 great ext5t ) ! topic t ! anci5t       
prie/hood & ! anci5t sacrifices 7       
in/itut$ n = ! purpose ( m]it+ !        
remission ( s9s be=e ,god or            
reconciliation1 b only to signify !     
future sacrifice ( ,*ri/ alone4  ,= 9 ! 
,old ,te/am5t x 0 necess>y = sa9ts to be
 ju/ifi$ by fai? d]iv$ f ! promise ( !  
remission ( s9s t 0 to be grant$ =      

,*ri/'s sake1 j z sa9ts are also ju/ifi$
 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4  ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w 
x 0 necess>y = all sa9ts to believe t   
,*ri/ w\ld be ! promis$ (f]+ &          
satisfaction = s9s1 z ,isaiah tea*es1   
#ec1 #aj3 ,:5 ,?\ %alt make ,8 s\l an   
(f]+ = s94  ,s9ce1 !re=e1 9 ! ,old      
,te/am5t1 sacrifices did n m]it         
reconciliation1 unless by a figure 7= !y
 m]it$ civil reconciliation71 b signifi$
 ! com+ sacrifice1 x foll[s t ,*ri/ is !
 only sacrifice appli$ on behalf ( ! s9s
 ( o!rs4 ,!re=e1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t no   
sacrifice is left to be appli$ = ! s9s (
 o!rs1 except ! "o sacrifice ( ,*ri/ ^u 
! cross4  ,!y altoge!r err :o imag9e t  
,levitical sacrifices m]it$ ! remission 
( s9s be=e ,god1 &1 by ?is example 9    
addition to ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 require 9 ! 
,new ,te/am5t sacrifices t are to be    
appli$ on behalf ( o!rs4  ,?is          
imag9ation absolutely de/roys ! m]it (  
,*ri/'s passion & ! righte\sness ( fai?1
 & corrupts ! doctr9e ( ! ,old & ,new   
,te/am5ts1 & in/ead ( ,*ri/ makes = u   

o!r m$iators & propitiators out ( !     
prie/s & sacrific]s1 :o daily sell _! "w
 9 ! *ur*es4  ,!re=e1 if any "o w\ld ?us
 inf] t 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t a prie/ is    
ne$$ to make (f]+ = s9s1 ?is mu/ be     
conc$$ only ( ,*ri/4  ,& ! entire       
,epi/le to ! ,hebrews confirms ?is      
explanation4  ,& if1 9 addition to !    
dea? ( ,*ri/1 we 7 to seek = any o!r    
satisfaction to be appli$ = ! s9s ( o!rs
 & to reconcile ,god1 ?is w\ld be no?+ m
 ?an to make o!r m$iators 9 addition to 
,*ri/4  ,aga91 z ! prie/hood ( ! ,new   
,te/am5t is ! m9i/ry ( ! ,_s1 z ,paul   
tea*es #b ,cor4 #c1 #f1 x1 accord+ly1   
has b ! "o sacrifice ( ,*ri/1 :i* is    
satisfactory & appli$ = ! s9s ( o!rs4   
,besides x has no sacrifices l !        
,levitical1 :i* c\ld be appli$ ex op]e  
op]ato on behalf ( o!rs1 b x t5d]s to   
o!rs ! ,gospel & ! ,sacram5ts1 t by     
means ( ^! !y may conceive fai? & !     
,holy ,gho/ & be mortifi$ & quick5$1    
because ! m9i/ry ( ! ,_s conflicts ) !  
application ( an opus op]atum4 ,=1      

unless !re is p]sonal fai? & a life     
wr\ght by ! ,holy ,_s1 ! opus op]atum ( 
ano!r _c r5d] me godly nor save me4 ,= !
 m9i/ry ( ! ,_s is t ?r\gh :i* ! ,holy  
,gho/ is efficaci\s 9 he>ts2 & !re=e ?is
 m9i/ry is pr(itable to o!rs1 :5 x is   
efficaci\s 9 !m1 & reg5]ates & quick5s  
!m4  ,?is does n occur by ! application 
ex op]e op]ato ( ! "w ( ano!r on behalf 
( o!rs4  ,we h %[n ! reason :y ! ,mass  
does n ju/ify ex op]e op]ato1 & :y1 :5  
appli$ on behalf ( o!rs1 x does n m]it  
remission1 because bo? conflict ) !     
righte\sness ( fai?4  ,= x is impossible
 t remission ( s9s %\ld occur1 & !      
t]rors ( dea? & s9 be ov]come by any "w 
or any?+1 except by fai? 9 ,*ri/1       
accord+ to ,rom4 #e1 #a3 ,be+ ju/ifi$ by
 fai?1 we h peace4  ,9 addition1 we h   
%[n t ! ,scriptures1 :i* are cit$ aga9/ 
u1 9 no way favor ! godless op9ion ( !  
adv]s>ies conc]n+ ! opus op]atum4  ,all 
good m5 among all nations c judge ?is4  
,!re=e ! error ( ,?omas is to be        
reject$1 :o wrote3 ,t ! body ( ! ,"l1   

once (f]$ on ! cross = orig9al debt1 is 
cont9ually (f]$ = daily (f5ses on ! alt>
 9 ord] t1 9 ?is1 ! ,*ur* might h a     
s]vice :]eby to reconcile ,god to       
h]self4  ,! o!r common errors are also  
to be reject$1 z1 t ! ,mass ex op]e     
op]ato conf]s grace ^u "o employ+ x2    
likewise t :5 appli$ = o!rs1 ev5 = wick$
 p]sons1 provid$ !y d n int]pose an     
ob/acle1 x m]its = !m ! remission ( s9s1
 ( guilt & puni%m5t4  ,all ^! ?+s are   
false & godless1 & lately inv5t$ by     
unle>n$ monks1 & obscure ! glory (      
,*ri/'s passion & ! righte\sness ( fai?4
  ,& f ^! errors inf9ite o!rs sprang1 z1
 t ! masses avail :5 appli$ = _m1 j z   
mu* z :5 appli$ individually4  ,!       
sophi/s h p>ticul> degrees ( m]it1 j z  
money-*ang]s h grades ( weight = gold or
 silv]4  ,besides !y sell ! ,mass1 z a  
price = obta9+ :at ea* "o seeks3 to     
m]*ants1 t bus9ess may be prosp]\s2 to  
hunt]s1 t hunt+ may be successful1 &    
inf9ite o!r ?+s4  ,la/ly1 !y apply x    
also to ! dead2 by ! application ( !    

,sacram5t !y lib]ate s\ls f ! pa9s (    
purgatory2 al?\gh )\t fai? ! ,mass is ( 
s]vice n ev5 to ! liv+4  ,nei!r are !   
adv]s>ies able to produce ev5 "o        
syllable f ! ,scriptures 9 def5se ( ^!  
fables :i* !y tea* ) great au?ority 9 ! 
,*ur*1 nei!r d !y h ! te/imonies ( !    
anci5t ,*ur* nor ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,!re=e !y  
are impi\s & bl9d p :o kn[+ly despise & 
trample "u foot ! pla9 tru? ( ,god4     
,"p #ca   ,:at ! ,fa!rs ,?\ght conc]n+  
,sacrifice4  ,& s9ce we h expla9$ !     
passages ( ,scripture :i* are cit$ aga9/
 u1 we mu/ reply also conc]n+ ! ,fa!rs4 
,we are n ignorant t ! ,mass is call$ by
 ! ,fa!rs a sacrifice2 b !y d n mean t !
 ,mass conf]s grace ex op]e op]ato1 & t1
 :5 appli$ on behalf ( o!rs1 x m]its =  
!m ! remission ( s9s1 ( guilt &         
puni%m5t4  ,:]e are su* mon/r\s /ories  
to be f\nd 9 ! ,fa!rs8  ,b !y op5ly     
te/ify t !y are speak+ ( ?anksgiv+4     
,accord+ly !y call x a eu*>i/4  ,we h   
said above1 h[ev]1 t a eu*>i/ic         
sacrifice does n m]it reconciliation1 b 

is made by ^? :o h be5 reconcil$1 j z   
afflictions d n m]it reconciliation1 b  
are eu*>i/ic sacrifices :5 ^? :o h be5  
reconcil$ endure !m4  ,& ?is reply1 9   
g5]al1 to ! say+s ( ! ,fa!rs def5ds u   
suffici5tly aga9/ ! adv]s>ies4  ,= x is 
c]ta9 t ^! figm5ts conc]n+ ! m]it ( !   
opus op]atum are f\nd n[h]e 9 ! ,fa!rs4 
,b 9 ord] t ! :ole case may be ! bett]  
und]/ood1 we also %all /ate ^? ?+s      
conc]n+ ! use ( ! ,sacram5t :i* actually
 h>monize ) ! ,fa!rs & ,scripture4      
,"p #cb   ,"s clev] m5 imag9e t ! ,"l's 
,supp] 0 in/itut$ = two reasons4  ,fir/1
 t x might be a m>k & te/imony (        
pr(ession1 j z a p>ticul> %ape ( hood is
 ! sign ( a p>ticul> pr(ession4  ,!n !y 
?9k t su* a m>k 0 especially pleas+ to  
,*ri/1 namely1 a fea/ to signify mutual 
union & fri5d%ip among ,*ri/ians1       
because banquets are signs ( cov5ant &  
fri5d%ip4  ,b ?is is a secul> view2     
nei!r does x %[ ! *ief use ( ! ?+s      
deliv]$ by ,god2 x speaks only ( !      
ex]cise ( love1 :i* m51 h[ev] pr(ane &  

worldly1 und]/&1 x does n speak ( fai?1 
! nature ( :i* few und]/&4  ,!          
,sacram5ts are signs ( ,god's w t[>d u1 
& n m]ely signs ( m5 among ea* o!r1 & !y
 are "r 9 def9+ t ,sacram5ts 9 ! ,new   
,te/am5t are signs ( grace4  ,& because 
9 a sacram5t !re are two ?+s1 a sign & !
 ,^w1 ! ,^w1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is !    
promise ( grace add$4  ,! promise ( !   
,new ,te/am5t is ! promise ( ! remission
 ( s9s1 z ! text1 ,luke #bb1 #ai1 says3 
,?is is ,my body1 :i* is giv5 = y4  ,?is
 cup is ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,my blood :i* 
is %$ = _m = ! remission ( s9s4  ,!re=e 
! ,^w (f]s ! remission ( s9s4 ,& a      
c]emony is1 z x 71 a picture or seal1 z 
,paul1 ,rom4 #d1 #aa1 calls x1 ( ! ,^w1 
mak+ kn[n ! promise4  ,!re=e1 j z !     
promise is useless unless x is receiv$  
by fai?1 s a c]emony is useless unless  
su* fai? is add$ z is truly confid5t t !
 remission ( s9s is "h (f]$4  ,& ?is    
fai? enc\rages contrite m9ds4  ,& j z ! 
,^w has be5 giv5 9 ord] to excite ?is   
fai?1 s ! ,sacram5t has be5 in/itut$ 9  

ord] t ! outw>d appe>ance meet+ ! eyes  
might move ! he>t to believe & /r5g!n   
fai?4  ,= ?r\gh ^!1 namely1 ?r\gh ,^w & 
,sacram5t1 ! ,holy ,gho/ works4  ,& su* 
use ( ! ,sacram5t1 9 :i* fai? quick5s   
t]rifi$ he>ts1 is a s]vice ( ! ,new     
,te/am5t1 because ! ,new ,te/am5t       
requires spiritual dispositions1        
mortification & quick5+4  ,= accord+ to 
! ,new ,te/am5t ! highe/ s]vice ( ,god  
is r5d]$ inw>dly 9 ! he>t4 ,& = ?is use 
,*ri/ in/itut$ x1 s9ce ,he comm&$ !m ?us
 to d 9 remembrance ( ,him4  ,= to      
rememb] ,*ri/ is n ! idle celebration ( 
a %[ n some?+ t is accompli%$ only by "s
 ge/ures & actions1 or "o in/itut$ = !  
sake ( example1 z ! memory ( ,h]cules or
 ,ulysses is celebrat$ 9 trag$ies1 b x  
is to rememb] ! b5efits ( ,*ri/ &       
receive !m by fai? s z to be quick5$ by 
!m4  ,psalm #aaa1 #d4 #e accord+ly says3
 ,he ha? made ,8 wond]ful works to be   
rememb]$3 ! ,"l is graci\s & full (     
compassion4  ,he ha? giv5 meat unto !m t
 fe> ,him4  ,= x signifies t ! w & m]cy 

( ,god %\ld be disc]n$ 9 ! c]emony4  ,b 
t fai? :i* appreh5ds m]cy quick5s4  ,&  
?is is ! pr9cipal use ( ! ,sacram5t1 9  
:i* x is app>5t :o are fit = !          
,sacram5t1 namely1 t]rifi$ consci5ces & 
h[ !y ought to use x4  ,! sacrifice     
?ank-(f]+ or ?anksgiv+ also is add$4  ,=
 !re are sev]al ends = "o object4  ,aft]
 consci5ce enc\rag$ by fai? has p]ceiv$ 
f :at t]rors x is fre$1 !n inde$ x      
f]v5tly gives ?anks = ! b5efit & passion
 ( ,*ri/1 & uses ! c]emony itself to !  
praise ( ,god1 9 ord] by ?is ob$i5ce to 
%[ its gratitude2 & te/ifies t x holds 9
 high e/eem ! gifts ( ,god4  ,?us !     
c]emony becomes a sacrifice ( praise4   
,& ! ,fa!rs1 inde$1 speak ( a tw(old    
effect1 ( ! com=t ( consci5ces1 & (     
?anksgiv+1 or praise4  ,! =m] ( ^!      
effects p]ta9s to ! nature ! "r use ( ! 
,sacram5t2 ! latt] p]ta9s to !          
sacrifice4  ,( consolation ,ambrose     
says3 ,g to ,him & be absolv$1 because  
,he is ! remission ( s9s4  ,d y ask :o  
,he is8  ,he> ,him :5 ,he says1 ,john   

#f1 #ce3 ,i am ! ,bread ( life2 he t    
come? to ,me %all nev] hung]2 & he t    
believe? on ,me %all nev] ?ir/4  ,?is   
passage te/ifies t 9 ! ,sacram5t !      
remission ( s9s is (f]$2 x also te/ifies
 t ?is ought to be receiv$ by fai?4     
,inf9ite te/imonies to ?is effect are   
f\nd 9 ! ,fa!rs1 all ( :i* ! adv]s>ies  
p]v]t to ! opus op]atum1 & to a "w to be
 appli$ on behalf ( o!rs2 al?\gh !      
,fa!rs cle>ly require fai?1 & speak ( ! 
consolation belong+ to e "o1 & n ( !    
application4  ,besides ^!1 expressions  
are also f\nd conc]n+ ?anksgiv+1 su* z t
 mo/ beautifully said by ,cyprian       
conc]n+ ^? commun+ 9 a godly way4       
,piety1 says he1 9 ?anksgiv+ ! ,be/[] ( 
su* abundant bless+1 makes a di/9ction  
betwe5 :at has be5 giv5 & :at has be5   
=giv51 i4e41 piety reg>ds bo? :at has   
be5 giv5 & :at has be5 =giv51 i4e41 x   
comp>es ! greatness ( ,god's bless+s & !
 greatness ( our evils1 s9 & dea?1 ) ea*
 o!r1 & gives ?anks1 etc4 ,& h5ce ! t]m 
eu*>i/ arose 9 ! ,*ur*4  ,nor inde$ is !

 c]emony itself1 ! giv+ ( ?anks ex op]e 
op]ato1 to be appli$ on behalf ( o!rs1 9
 ord] to m]it = !m ! remission ( s9s1   
etc41 9 ord] to lib]ate ! s\ls ( ! dead4
  ,^! ?+s conflict ) ! righte\sness (   
fai?1 z ?\gh1 )\t fai?1 a c]emony c     
pr(it ei!r ! "o p]=m+ x or o!rs4     ,"p
 #cc   ,( ! ,t]m ,mass4  ,! adv]s>ies   
also ref] u to philology4  ,f ! names ( 
! ,mass !y d]ive argum5ts :i* d n       
require a long discussion4 ,= ev5 ?\gh !
 ,mass be call$ a sacrifice1 x does n   
foll[ t x mu/ conf] grace ex op]e       
op]ato1 or1 :5 appli$ on behalf ( o!rs1 
m]it = !m ! remission ( s9s1 etc4       
,leit\rgia1 !y say1 signifies a         
sacrifice1 & ! ,greeks call ! ,mass     
liturgy4  ,:y d !y "h omit ! old        
appellation synaxris1 :i* %[s t ! ,mass 
0 =m]ly ! communion ( _m8  ,b let u     
speak ( ! ^w liturgy4  ,?is ^w done n   
prop]ly signify a sacrifice1 b r !      
public m9i/ry1 & agrees aptly ) our     
belief1 namely1 t "o m9i/] :o           
consecrates t5d]s ! body & blood ( ! "l 

to ! re/ ( ! p1 j z "o m9i/] :o prea*es 
t5d]s ! ,gospel to ! p1 z ,paul says1 #a
 ,cor4 #d1 #a3 ,let a man s acc\nt ( u z
 ( ! m9i/]s ( ,*ri/ & /ew>ds ( ! my/]ies
 ( ,god1 i4e41 ( ! ,gospel & !          
,sacram5ts4  ,& #b ,cor4 #e1 #bj3 ,we   
are ambassadors = ,*ri/ z ?\gh ,god did 
besee* y by u2 we pray y 9 ,*ri/'s /ead1
 ,be ye reconcil$ to ,god4  ,?us ! t]m  
,leit\rgia agrees aptly ) ! m9i/ry4  ,= 
x is an old ^w1 ord9>ily employ$ 9      
public civil adm9i/rations1 & signifi$  
to ! ,greeks public burd5s1 z tribute1 !
 exp5se ( equipp+ a fleet1 or simil>    
?+s1 z ! oration ( ,demo/h5es1 ,,=      
,,lept9es1 te/ifies1 all ( :i* is       
occupi$ ) ! discussion ( public duties &
 immunities3 ,phehsei de anaxi\s t9as   
an?rohp\s eurom5\s ateleian ekd$uk5ai   
tas leit\rgias1 i4e43 ,he w say t "s    
unwor?y m51 hav+ f\nd an immunity1 h    
)drawn f public burd5s4 ,& ?us !y spoke 
9 ! "t ( ! ,romana1 z ! rescript (      
,p]t9ax1 ,de ,iure ,immunitatis1 l4     
,semp]1 %[s3 ,ei kai meh pasohn         

leit\rgiohn t\s pat]as ho tohn teknohn  
ari?mos aneitai1 ,ev5 ?\gh ! numb] (    
*ildr5 does n lib]ate p>5ts f all public
 burd5s4  ,& ! ,comm5t>y ^u ,demo/h5es  
/ates t leit\rgia is a k9d ( tribute1 ! 
exp5se ( ! games1 ! exp5se ( equipp+    
vessels1 ( att5d+ to ! gymnasia & simil>
 public (fices4  ,& ,paul 9 #b ,cor4 #i1
 #ab employs x = a collection4  ,! tak+ 
( ! collection n only supplies ^? ?+s   
:i* are want+ to ! sa9ts1 b also causes 
!m to give m ?anks abundantly to ,god1  
etc4 ,& 9 ,phil4 #b1 #be he calls       
,epaphroditus a leit\rgos1 "o :o m9i/]$ 
to my wants1 :]e assur$ly a sacrific] _c
 be und]/ood4  ,b !re is no ne$ ( m     
te/imonies1 s9ce examples are ev]y:]e   
obvi\s to ^? read+ ! ,greek writ]s1 9   
:om leit\rgia is employ$ = public civil 
burd5s or m9i/ries4  ,& on acc\nt ( !   
diph?ong1 gramm>ians d n d]ive x f      
liteh1 :i* signifies pray]s1 b f public 
goods1 :i* !y call leita1 s t leit\rgeoh
 means1 ,i att5d to1 ,i adm9i/] public  
goods4  ,ridicul\s is _! inf]5ce t1 s9ce

 m5tion is made 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures ( 
an alt>1 !re=e ! ,mass mu/ be a         
sacrifice2 = ! figure ( an alt> is      
ref]r$ to by ,paul only by way (        
comp>ison4  ,& !y fabricate t ! ,mass   
has be5 s call$ f mzbh1 an alt>4  ,:at  
ne$ is !re ( an etymology s f> fet*$1   
unless x be to %[ _! k ( ! ,hebrew      
language8  ,:at ne$ is !re to seek !    
etymology f a di/ance1 :5 ! t]m ,mass is
 f\nd 9 ,deut4 #af1 #aj1 :]e x signifies
 ! collections or gifts ( ! p1 n ! (f]+ 
( ! prie/8  ,= individuals com+ to !    
celebration ( ! ,passov] 7 oblig$ to br+
 "s gift z a contribution4  ,9 ! beg9n+ 
! ,*ri/ians also reta9$ ?is cu/om4      
,com+ toge!r !y br\ght bread1 w9e1 & o!r
 ?+s1 z ! ,canons ( ! ,apo/les te/ify4  
,!nce a "p 0 tak5 to be consecrat$2 !   
re/ 0 di/ribut$ to ! poor4 ,) ?is cu/om 
!y also reta9$ ,mass z ! "n ( !         
contributions4  ,& on acc\nt ( su*      
contributions x appe>s also t ! ,mass 0 
else:]e call$ agapeh1 unless "o w\ld    
pref] t x 0 s call$ on acc\nt ( ! common

 fea/4  ,b let u omit ^! trifles4  ,= x 
is ridicul\s t ! adv]s>ies %\ld produce 
su* trifl+ conjectures conc]n+ a matt] (
 su* great importance4  ,= al?\gh !     
,mass is call$ an (f]+1 9 :at does ! t]m
 favor ! dreams conc]n+ ! opus op]atum1 
& ! application :i*1 !y imag9e1 m]its = 
o!rs ! remission ( s9s8  ,& x c be call$
 an (f]+ = ! reason t pray]s1           
?anksgiv+s1 & ! entire wor%ip are !re   
(f]$1 z x is also call$ a eu*>i/4  ,b   
nei!r c]emonies nor pray]s pr(it ex op]e
 op]ato1 )\t fai?4  ,al?\gh we are      
disput+ "h n conc]n+ pray]s1 b          
p>ticul>ly conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]4  ,"h 
y c see :at rude asses our adv]s>ies    
are4  ,!y say t ! t]m missa is d]iv$ f !
 t]m misbea*1 :i* signifies an alt>2    
h5ce we are to conclude t ! ,mass is a  
sacrifice2 = sacrifices are (f]$ on an  
alt>4  ,aga91 ! ^w liturgia1 by :i* !   
,greeks call ! ,mass1 is also to d5ote a
 sacrifice4  ,?is claim we %all briefly 
answ]4  ,all ! _w sees t f su* reasons  
?is hea!ni% & anti*ri/ian error does n  

foll[ necess>ily1 t ! ,mass b5efits ex  
op]e op]ato s9e bono motu ut5tis4       
,!re=e !y are asses1 because 9 su* a    
highly important matt] !y br+ =w>d su*  
silly ?+s4  ,nor d ! asses "k any       
gramm>4  ,= missa & liturgia d n mean   
sacrifice4 ,missa1 9 ,hebrew1 d5otes a  
jo9t contribution4  ,= ?is may h be5 a  
cu/om among ,*ri/ians1 t !y br\ght meat 
& dr9k = ! b5efit ( ! poor to _!        
assemblies4  ,?is cu/om 0 d]iv$ f !     
,jews1 :o _h to br+ su* contributions on
 _! fe/ivals1 ^! !y call$ missa4        
,likewise1 liturgia1 9 ,greek1 really   
d5otes an (fice 9 :i* a p]son m9i/]s to 
! congregation4 ,?is is well appli$ to  
our tea*+1 because ) u ! prie/1 z a     
common s]vant ( ^? :o wi% to commune1   
m9i/]s to !m ! holy ,sacram5t4  ,"s ?9k 
t missa is n d]iv$ f ! ,hebrew1 b       
signifies z mu* z remissio ! =giv5ess ( 
s94  ,=1 ! communion be+ end$1 !        
ann\ncem5t us$ to be made3 ,ite1 missa  
e/3 ,dep>t1 y h =giv5ess ( s9s4  ,!y    
cite1 z pro( t ?is is s1 ! fact t !     

,greeks us$ to say3 ,lais ,aphesis      
7laois aphsesis71 :i* also means t !y _h
 be5 p>don$4  ,if ?is 7 s1 x w\ld be an 
excell5t mean+1 = 9 connection ) ?is    
c]emony =giv5ess ( s9s mu/ always be    
prea*$ & proclaim$4  ,b ! case be=e u is
 little aid$1 no matt] :at ! mean+ ( !  
^w missa is4  ,! ,greek canon says also 
_m ?+s conc]n+ ! (f]+1 b x %[s pla9ly t 
x is n speak+ prop]ly ( ! body & blood (
 ! ,"l1 b ( ! :ole s]vice ( pray]s &    
?anksgiv+s4 ,= x says ?us3 ,kai poiehson
 hemas axi\s g5e/hai t\ prosps]e9 soi   
deehseis kai hikesias kai ?usias        
anaimakt\s hup] pantos la\4 ,:5 ?is is  
rightly und]/ood1 x gives no (f5se4 ,= x
 prays t we be made wor?y to (f] pray]s 
& supplications & bloodless sacrifices =
 ! p4  ,= he calls ev5 pray]s bloodless 
sacrifices4  ,j z also a little aft]w>d3
 ,eti prosph]om5 soi tehn logikehn      
tautehn kai anaimakton latreian1 ,we    
(f]1 he says ?is reasonable & bloodless 
s]vice4  ,= !y expla9 ?is inaptly :o    
w\ld r int]pret ?is ( a reasonable      

sacrifice1 & transf] x to ! v body (    
,*ri/1 al?\gh ! canon speaks ( ! entire 
wor%ip1 & 9 opposition to ! opus op]atum
 ,paul has spok5 ( logikeh latreia      
reasonable s]vice1 namely1 ( ! wor%ip ( 
! m9d1 ( fe>1 ( fai?1 ( pray]1 (        
?anksgiv+1 etc4     ,"p #cd   ,( ! ,mass
 = ! ,dead4  ,our adv]s>ies h no        
te/imonies & no comm& f ,scripture =    
def5d+ ! application ( ! c]emony =      
lib]at+ ! s\ls ( ! dead1 al?\gh f ?is !y
 d]ive inf9ite rev5ue4  ,nor1 inde$1 is 
x a light s9 to e/abli% su* s]vices 9 ! 
,*ur* )\t ! comm& ( ,god & )\t ! example
 ( ,scripture1 & to apply to ! dead !   
,"l's ,supp]1 :i* 0 in/itut$ =          
commemoration & prea*+ among ! liv+ = ! 
purpose ( /r5g!n+ ! fai? ( ^? :o use !  
c]emony4  ,?is is to violate ! ,second  
,comm&m5t1 by abus+ ,god's "n4  ,=1 9 ! 
fir/ place1 x is a di%onor to ! ,gospel 
to hold t a c]emony ex op]e op]ato1 )\t 
fai?1 is a sacrifice reconcil+ ,god1 &  
mak+ satisfaction = s9s4  ,x is a       
horrible say+ to ascribe z mu* to ! "w (

 a prie/ z to ! dea? ( ,*ri/4  ,aga91 s9
 & dea? _c be ov]come unless by fai? 9  
,*ri/1 z ,paul tea*es1 ,rom4 #e1 #a3    
,be+ ju/ifi$ by fai?1 we h peace ) ,god1
 & !re=e ! puni%m5t ( purgatory _c be   
ov]come by ! application ( ! "w ( ano!r4
  ,n[ we %all omit ! sort ( te/imonies  
conc]n+ purgatory t ! adv]s>ies h3 :at  
k9ds ( puni%m5ts !y ?9k !re are 9       
purgatory1 :at gr\nds ! doctr9e (       
satisfactions has1 :i* we h %[n above to
 be mo/ va94  ,we %all only pres5t ?is 9
 opposition3 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,"l's      
,supp] 0 in/itut$ on acc\nt ( !         
remission ( guilt4  ,= x (f]s !         
remission ( s9s1 :]e x is necess>y t    
guilt be truly und]/ood4  ,= :at        
consolation w\ld we h if =giv5ess ( s9 7
 "h (f]$ u1 & yet !re w\ld be no        
remission ( guilt8 ,& nev]!less x does n
 make satisfaction = guilt1 o!rwise !   
,mass w\ld be equal to ! dea? ( ,*ri/4  
,nei!r c ! remission ( guilt be receiv$ 
9 any o!r way ?an by fai?4 ,!re=e !     
,mass is n a satisfaction1 b a promise &

 ,sacram5t t require fai?4  ,&1 inde$1 x
 is necess>y t all godly p]sons be seiz$
 ) ! mo/ bitt] grief %$ te>s ( blood1 f 
angui% & sorr[ if !y consid] t ! ,mass  
has be5 9 great "p transf]r$ to ! dead &
 to satisfactions = puni%m5ts4  ,?is is 
to bani% ! daily sacrifice f ! ,*ur*2   
?is is ! k+dom ( ,antio*us1 :o transf]r$
 ! mo/ salut>y promises conc]n+ !       
remission ( guilt & conc]n+ fai? to !   
mo/ va9 op9ions conc]n+ satisfactions2  
?is is to defile ! ,gospel1 to corrupt !
 use ( ! ,sacram5ts4  ,^! are ! p]sons !
 real blasphem]s :om ,paul has said1 #a 
,cor4 #aa1 #bg1 to be guilty ( ! body & 
blood ( ! ,"l1 :o h suppress$ ! doctr9e 
conc]n+ fai? & ! remission ( s9s1 &1 "u 
! pretext ( satisfactions1 h devot$ !   
body & blood ( ! ,"l to sacrilegi\s ga94
  ,& !y w at "s "t pay ! p5alty = ?is   
sacrilege4  ,god w "o day v9dicate !    
,second ,comm&m5t1 & p\r out a great1   
horrible wra? ^u !m4 ,!re=e we & all    
godly consci5ces %\ld be on our gu>d    
aga9/ approv+ ! abuses ( ! adv]s>ies4   

,b let u return to ! case4  ,s9ce !     
,mass is n a satisfaction1 ei!r =       
puni%m5t or = guilt1 ex op]e op]ato1 )\t
 fai?1 x foll[s t ! application on      
behalf ( ! dead is useless4 ,nor is !re 
ne$ "h ( a long] discussion4  ,= x is   
evid5t t ^! applications on behalf ( !  
dead h no te/imonies f ! ,scriptures4   
,nei!r is x safe1 )\t ! au?ority (      
,scripture1 to in/itute =ms ( wor%ip 9 !
 ,*ur*4  ,& if x w at any "t be         
necess>y1 we %all speak at great] l5g?  
conc]n+ ?is entire subject4  ,= :y %\ld 
we n[ cont5d ) adv]s>ies :o und]/& nei!r
 :at a sacrifice1 nor :at a sacram5t1   
nor :at remission ( s9s1 nor :at fai?   
is8  ,nei!r does ! ,greek canon apply ! 
(f]+ z a satisfaction = ! dead1 because 
x applies x equally = all ! bless$      
patri>*s1 prophets1 apo/les4  ,x appe>s 
!re=e t ! ,greeks make an (f]+ z        
?anksgiv+1 & d n apply x z satisfaction 
= puni%m5ts4  ,=1 ( c\rse1 x is n _!    
int5tion to deliv] ! prophets & apo/les 
f purgatory1 b only to (f] up ?anks     

along & toge!r ) !m = ! exalt$ et]nal   
bless+s t h be5 giv5 to !m & u4 ,al?\gh 
!y speak1 moreov]1 n ( ! (f]+ alone ( ! 
body & blood ( ! ,"l1 b ( ! o!r p>ts ( !
 ,mass1 namely1 pray]s & ?anksgiv+4 ,=  
aft] ! consecration !y pray t x may     
pr(it ^? :o p>take ( x1 !y d n speak (  
o!rs4  ,!n !y add3 ,eti prosph]om5 soi  
tehn logikehn tautehn latreian hup] tohn
 en pi/ei anapausam5ohn propatorohn1    
pat]ohn1 patri>*ohn1 proph]tohn1        
apo/olohn1 etc4 ,yet we (f] to y ?is    
reasonable s]vice = ^? hav+ dep>t$ 9    
fai?1 =efa!rs1 fa!rs1 patri>*s prophets1
 apo/les1 etc4 ,reasonable s]vice1      
h[ev]1 does n signify ! (f]+ itself1 b  
pray]s & all ?+s :i* are !re transact$4 
,n[1 z reg>ds ! adv]s>ies' cit+ ! ,fa!rs
 conc]n+ ! (f]+ = ! dead1 we "k t !     
anci5ts speak ( pray] = ! dead1 :i* we d
 n prohibit1 b we disapprove ( !        
application ex op]e op]ato ( ! ,"l's    
,supp] on behalf ( ! dead4  ,nei!r d !  
anci5ts favor ! adv]s>ies conc]n+ ! opus
 op]atum4  ,& ev5 ?\gh !y h ! te/imonies

 especially ( ,gregory or ! mod]ns1 we  
oppose to !m ! mo/ cle> & c]ta9         
,scriptures4  ,& !re is a great div]sity
 among ! ,fa!rs4  ,!y 7 m51 & c\ld err &
 be deceiv$4  ,al?\gh if !y w\ld n[     
become alive aga91 & w\ld see _! say+s  
assign$ z pretexts = ! notori\s         
falsehoods :i* ! adv]s>ies tea* conc]n+ 
! opus op]atum1 !y w\ld int]pret        
!mselves f> diff]5tly4  ,! adv]s>ies    
also falsely cite aga9/ u ! condemnation
 ( ,a]ius1 :o1 !y say 0 condemn$ = !    
reason t he d5i$ t 9 ! ,mass an (f]+ is 
made = ! liv+ & ! dead4 ,!y frequ5tly   
use ?is dext]\s turn1 cite ! anci5t     
h]esies & falsely comp>e our cause ) ^! 
9 ord] by ?is comp>ison to cru% u4  ,!  
asses are n a%am$ ( any lies4  ,nor d !y
 "k :o ,a]ius 0 & :at he taught4        
,epiphanius te/ifies t ,a]ius held t    
pray]s = ! dead are useless4  ,) ?is he 
f9ds fault4  ,nei!r d we favor ,a]ius1 b
 we on our "p are cont5d+ ) y :o are    
def5d+ a h]esy manife/ly conflict+ ) !  
prophets1 apo/les & holy ,fa!rs1 namely1

 t ! ,mass ju/ifies ex op]e op]ato1 t x 
m]its ! remission ( guilt & puni%m5t ev5
 = ! unju/1 to :om x is appli$1 if !y d 
n pres5t an ob/acle4  ,( ^! p]nici\s    
errors1 :i* detract f ! glory ( ,*ri/'s 
passion1 & entirely ov]?r[ ! doctr9e    
conc]n+ ! righte\sness ( fai?1 we       
disapprove4  ,!re 0 a simil> p]suasion (
 ! godless 9 ! ,law1 namely1 t !y m]it$ 
! remission ( s9s1 n freely by fai?1 b  
?r\gh sacrifices ex op]e op]ato4  ,!re=e
 !y increas$ ^! s]vices & sacrifices1   
in/itut$ ! wor%ip ( ,baal 9 ,israel1 &  
ev5 sacrific$ 9 ! groves 9 ,judah4      
,!re=e ! prophets condemn ?is op9ion1 & 
wage w> n only ) ! wor%ip]s ( ,baal1 b  
also ) o!r prie/s :o1 ) ?is godless     
op9ion1 made sacrifices orda9$ by ,god4 
,b ?is op9ion inh]es 9 ! _w1 & always w 
inh]e namely1 t s]vices & sacrifices are
 propitiations4  ,c>nal m5 _c endure t  
alone to ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/ ! honor is 
ascrib$ t x is a propitiation1 because  
!y d n und]/& ! righte\sness ( fai?1 b  
ascribe equal honor to ! re/ ( ! s]vices

 & sacrifices4  ,j z1 !re=e1 9 ,judah   
among ! godless prie/s a false op9ion   
conc]n+ sacrifices inh]$1 j z 9 ,israel1
 ,baalitic s]vices cont9u$1 &1          
nev]!less1 a ,*ur* ( ,god 0 !re :i*     
disapprov$ ( godless s]vices1 s         
,baalitic wor%ip inh]es 9 ! doma9 ( !   
,pope1 namely1 ! abuse ( ! ,mass1 :i* !y
 apply1 t by x !y may m]it = !          
unrighte\s ! remission ( guilt &        
puni%m5t4  ,& yet1 z ,god /ill kept ,8  
,*ur*1 i4e41 "s sa9ts1 9 ,israel &      
,judah1 s ,god /ill pres]v$ ,8 ,*ur*1   
i4e41 "s sa9ts1 "u ! ,papacy1 s t !     
,*ri/ian ,*ur* has n entirely p]i%$4 ,& 
x seems t ?is ,baalitic wor%ip w endure 
z long z ! reign ( ! ,pope1 until ,*ri/ 
w come to judge1 & by ! glory ( ,8 adv5t
 de/roy ! reign ( ,anti*ri/4 ,mean:ile  
all :o truly believe ! ,gospel t !y may 
truly honor ,god & h a con/ant com=t    
aga9/ s9s2 = ,god has graci\sly caus$ ,8
 ,gospel to %9e1 t we might be w>n$ &   
sav$ ought to condemn ^! wick$ s]vices1 
devis$1 contr>y to ,god's comm&1 9 ord] 

to obscure ! glory ( ,*ri/ & !          
righte\sness ( fai?4  ,we h briefly said
 ^! ?+s ( ! ,mass 9 ord] t all good m5 9
 all p>ts ( ! _w may be able to und]/& t
 ) ! greate/ zeal we ma9ta9 ! dignity ( 
! ,mass & %[ its true use1 & t we h !   
mo/ j reasons = diss5t+ f ! adv]s>ies4  
,& we w\ld h all good m5 admoni%$ n to  
aid ! adv]s>ies 9 ! pr(anation ( ! ,mass
 le/ !y burd5 !mselves ) o!r m5's s94   
,x is a great cause & a great subject n 
inf]ior to ! transaction ( ! prophet    
,elijah1 :o condemn$ ! wor%ip ( ,baal4  
,we h pres5t$ a case ( su* importance ) 
! greate/ mod]ation1 & n[ reply )\t ca/+
 any reproa*4  ,b if ! adv]s>ies w      
compel u to collect all k9ds ( abuses ( 
! ,mass1 ! case w n be treat$ ) su*     
=be>ance4     ,"p #ce   ,article ,,xxvii
 7,,xiii73 ,( ,mona/ic ,v[s4  ,9 ! t[n (
 ,eis5a*1 9 ,?ur+ia1 !re 01 to our k1 a 
monk1 ,john ,hilt51 :o1 ?irty ye>s ago1 
0 ca/ by 8 frat]nity into prison because
 he _h prote/$ aga9/ c]ta9 mo/ notori\s 
abuses4  ,= we h se5 8 writ+s1 f :i* x c

 be well und]/ood :at ! nature ( 8      
doctr9e 0 t he 0 a ,*ri/ian1 & prea*$   
accord+ to ! ,scriptures4  ,& ^? :o knew
 him te/ify t he 0 a mild old man1 &    
s]i\s inde$1 b )\t moros5ess4  ,he      
pr$ict$ _m ?+s1 "s ( :i* h ?us f>       
transpir$1 & o!rs /ill seem to imp5d :i*
 we d n wi% to recite1 le/ x may be     
inf]r$ t !y are n>rat$ ei!r f hatr$ t[>d
 "o or f p>tiality to ano!r4  ,b f9ally1
 :51 ei!r on acc\nt ( 8 age or ! f\lness
 ( ! prison1 he fell into disease1 he   
s5t = ! gu>dian 9 ord] to tell him ( 8  
sickness2 & :5 ! gu>dian1 inflam$ )     
ph>isaic hatr$1 _h begun to reprove !   
man h>%ly on acc\nt ( 8 k9d ( doctr9e1  
:i* seem$ to be injuri\s to ! kit*51 !n1
 omitt+ all m5tion ( 8 sickness1 he said
 ) a sigh t he 0 be>+ ^! injuries       
pati5tly = ,*ri/'s sake1 s9ce he _h     
inde$ nei!r writt5 nor taught any?+ :i* 
c\ld ov]?r[ ! position ( ! monks1 b _h  
only prote/$ aga9/ "s well-kn[n abuses4 
,b ano!r "o he said1 w come 9 ,a4,d4    
#aeaf1 :o w de/roy y1 nei!r w y be able 

to resi/ him4  ,?is v op9ion conc]n+ !  
d[nw>d c>e] ( ! p[] ( ! monks1 & ?is    
numb] ( ye>s1 8 fri5ds aft]w>ds f\nd    
also writt5 by him 9 8 comm5t>ies1 :i*  
he _h left1 conc]n+ c]ta9 passages (    
,daniel4  ,b al?\gh ! outcome w tea* h[ 
mu* weight %\ld be giv5 to ?is          
decl>ation1 yet !re are o!r signs :i*   
?reat5 a *ange 9 ! p[] ( ! monks1 t are 
no less c]ta9 ?an oracles4  ,= x is     
evid5t h[ mu* hypocrisy1 ambition1      
av>ice !re is 9 ! mona/]ies1 h[ mu*     
ignorance & cruelty among all ! unle>n$1
 :at vanity 9 _! s]mons & 9 devis+      
cont9ually new means ( ga9+ money4  ,! m
 /upid asses ! monks are1 ! m /ubborn1  
furi\s bitt]1 ! m v5om\s asps !y are 9  
p]secut+ ! tru? & ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,& !re  
are o!r faults1 :i* we d n c>e to       
m5tion4  ,:ile !y once 7 n jails or     
ev]la/+ prisons1 b s*ools = ,*ri/ian    
in/ruction1 n[ !y h deg5]at$1 z ?\gh f a
 gold5 to an iron age1 or z ! ,platonic 
cube deg5]ates into bad h>monies1 :i*1  
,plato says br+s de/ruction4  ,n[ ?is   

preci\s gold is turn$ to dross1 & ! w9e 
to wat]4 ,all ! mo/ weal?y mona/]ies    
support only an idle cr[d1 :i*          
gluttonizes ^u ! public alms ( ! ,*ur*4 
,*ri/1 h[ev]1 tea*es conc]n+ ! salt t   
has lo/ its savor t x %\ld be ca/ out & 
be trodd5 "u foot1 ,matt4 #e1 #ac4      
,!re=e ! monks by su* morals are s++ _! 
own fate requiem1 & x w soon be ov] )   
!m4  ,& n[ ano!r sign is add$1 because  
!y are 9 _m places1 ! in/igators ( !    
dea? ( good m54  ,?is blood ( ,abel     
cries aga9/ !m & ,^! murd]s ,god        
und\bt$ly w %ortly av5ge4  ,nor inde$ d 
we f9d fault ) all1 = we are ( ! op9ion 
t !re are "h & !re "s good m5 9 !       
mona/]ies :o judge mod]ately conc]n+    
human & factiti\s s]vices1 z "s writ]s  
call !m1 & :o d n approve ( ! cruelty   
:i* ! hypocrites among !m ex]cise4  ,b  
we are n[ discuss+ ! k9d ( doctr9e :i* !
 compos]s ( ! ,confutation are n[ def5d+
 & n ! "q :e!r v[s %\ld be obs]v$4  ,=  
we hold t lawful v[s ought to be obs]v$2
 b :e!r ^! s]vices m]it ! remission (   

s9s & ju/ification2 :e!r !y are         
satisfactions = s9s1 :e!r !y are equal  
to ,baptism1 :e!r !y are ! obs]vance (  
precepts & c\nsels2 :e!r !y are         
evangelical p]fection2 :e!r !y h ! m]its
 ( sup]]ogation2 :e!r ^! m]its1 :5      
appli$ on behalf ( o!rs save !m1 :e!r   
v[s made ) ^! op9ions are lawful2 :e!r  
v[s are lawful t are und]tak5 "u !      
pretext ( religion1 m]ely = ! sake ( !  
belly & idl5ess1 :e!r ^? are truly v[s t
 h be5 extort$ ei!r f ! unwill+ or f ^? 
:o on acc\nt ( age 7 n able to judge    
conc]n+ ! k9d ( life1 :om p>5ts or      
fri5ds ?ru/ into ! mona/]ies t !y might 
be support$ at ! public exp5se1 )\t !   
loss ( private patrimony1 :e!r v[s are  
lawful t op5ly t5d to an evil issue1    
ei!r because on acc\nt ( weakness !y are
 n obs]v$1 or because ^? :o are 9 ^!    
frat]nities are compell$ to approve &   
aid ! abuses ( ! ,mass1 ! godless wor%ip
 ( sa9ts1 & ! c\nsels to rage aga9/ good
 m53 conc]n+ ^! que/ions we are treat+4 
,& al?\gh we h said v _m ?+s 9 !        

,confession conc]n+ su* v[s z ev5 !     
canons ( ! ,popes condemn1 nev]!less !  
adv]s>ies comm& t all ?+s :i* we h      
produc$ be reject$4  ,= !y h us$ ^!     
words4  ,& x is wor? :ile to he> h[ !y  
p]v]t our reasons1 & :at !y adduce to   
=tify _! own cause4  ,accord+ly1 we w   
briefly run ov] a few ( our argum5ts1 & 
9 pass+1 expla9 away ! sophi/ry ( !     
adv]s>ies 9 ref]5ce to !m4  ,s9ce1      
h[ev]1 ?is entire cause has be5 c>efully
 & fully treat$ by ,lu!r 9 ! book to :i*
 he gave ! title ,de ,votis ,mona/icis1 
we wi% "h to consid] t book z reit]at$4 
,fir/1 x is v c]ta9 t a v[ is n lawful  
by :i* he :o v[s ?9ks t he m]its !      
remission ( s9s be=e ,god1 or makes     
satisfaction be=e ,god = s9s4  ,= ?is   
op9ion is a manife/ insult to ! ,gospel1
 :i* tea*es t ! remission ( s9s is      
freely grant$ u = ,*ri/'s sake1 z has   
be5 said above at "s l5g?4  ,!re=e we h 
correctly quot$ ! decl>ation ( ,paul to 
! ,galatians1 ,gal4 #e1 #d3 ,*ri/ is    
become ( no effect unto y1 :osoev] ( y  

are ju/ifi$ by ! ,law2 ye are fall5 f   
grace4 ,^? :o seek ! remission ( s9s n  
by fai? 9 ,*ri/1 b by mona/ic works     
detract f ! honor ( ,*ri/1 & crucify    
,*ri/ afre%4  ,b he>1 he> h[ ! compos]s 
( ! ,confutation escape 9 ?is place6    
,!y expla9 ?is passage ( ,paul only     
conc]n+ ! ,law ( ,moses1 & !y add t !   
monks obs]ve all ?+s = ,*ri/'s sake1 &  
endeavor to live ! ne>] ! ,gospel 9 ord]
 to m]it et]nal life4  ,& !y add a      
horrible p]oration 9 ^! words3 ,:]e=e ^?
 ?+s are wick$ t are "h alleg$ aga9/    
mona/icism4  ,o ,*ri/1 h[ long wilt ,?\ 
be> ^! reproa*es ) :i* our enemies treat
 ,?y ,gospel8  ,we h said 9 !           
,confession t ! remission ( s9s is      
receiv$ freely = ,*ri/'s sake1 ?r\gh    
fai?4  ,if ?is is n ! v voice ( !       
,gospel1 if x is n ! judgm5t ( ! et]nal 
,fa!r1 :i* ,?\ :o art 9 ! bosom ( !     
,fa!r ha/ reveal$ to ! _w1 we are ju/ly 
blam$4  ,b ,?y dea? is a witness1 ,?y   
resurrection is a witness1 ! ,holy ,gho/
 is a witness1 ,?y entire ,*ur* is a    

witness1 t x is truly ! judgm5t ( !     
,gospel t we obta9 remission ( s9s1 n on
 acc\nt ( our m]its1 b on acc\nt ( ,!e1 
?r\gh fai?4  ,:5 ,paul d5ies t by ! ,law
 ( ,moses m5 m]it ! remission ( s9s1 he 
)draws ?is praise mu* m f human         
traditions1 & ?is he cle>ly te/ifies    
,col4 #b1 #af4 ,if ! ,law ( ,moses1 :i* 
0 div9ely reveal$1 did n m]it !         
remission ( s9s1 h[ mu* less d ^! silly 
obs]vances mona/icism ros>ies1 etc41    
av]se to ! civil cu/om ( life1 m]it !   
remission ( s9s6   ,! adv]s>ies feign t 
,paul aboli%es ! ,law ( ,moses1 & t     
,*ri/ succe$s 9 su* a way t ,he does n  
freely grant ! remission ( s9s1 b on    
acc\nt ( ! works ( o!r laws1 if any are 
n[ devis$4  ,by ?is godless & fanatical 
imag9ation !y bury ! b5efit ( ,*ri/4    
,!n !y feign t among ^? :o obs]ve ?is   
,law ( ,*ri/1 ! monks obs]ve x m closely
 ?an o!rs1 on acc\nt ( _! hypocritical  
pov]ty1 ob$i5ce1 & *a/ity1 s9ce inde$   
all ^! ?+s are full ( %am4  ,9 ! greate/
 abundance ( all ?+s !y boa/ ( pov]ty4  

,al?\gh no class ( m5 has great] lic5se 
?an ! monks :o h ma/]fully decre$ t !y  
are exempt f ob$i5ce to bi%ops & pr9ces1
 !y boa/ ( ob$i5ce4  ,( celibacy we d n 
l to speak1 h[ pure ?is is 9 mo/ ( ^? :o
 desire to be cont95t1 ,g]son indicates4
  ,& h[ _m ( !m desire to be cont95t n  
to m5tion ! ?\ghts ( _! he>ts8  ,(      
c\rse1 9 ?is %am life ! monks live m    
closely 9 accordance ) ! ,gospel6  ,*ri/
 does n succe$ ,moses 9 su* a way z to  
remit s9s on acc\nt ( our works1 b s z  
to set ,8 own m]its & ,8 own            
propitiation on our behalf aga9/ ,god's 
wra? t we may be freely =giv54  ,n[1 he 
:o ap>t f ,*ri/'s propitiation1 opposes 
8 own m]its to ,god's wra?1 & on acc\nt 
( 8 own m]its endeavors to obta9 !      
remission ( s9s1 :e!r he pres5t ! works 
( ! ,mosaic ,law1 or ( ! ,decalog1 or ( 
! rule ( ,b5$ict1 or ( ! rule (         
,augu/9e1 or ( o!r rules1 annuls !      
promise ( ,*ri/1 has ca/ away ,*ri/1 &  
has fall5 f grace4  ,?is is ! v]dict (  
,paul4  ,b1 behold1 mo/ clem5t ,emp]or  

,*>les behold1 ye pr9ces1 behold1 all ye
 ranks1 h[ great is ! impud5ce ( !      
adv]s>ies6 ,al?\gh we h cit$ !          
decl>ation ( ,paul to ?is effect1 !y h  
writt53 ,wick$ are ^? ?+s t are "h cit$ 
aga9/ mona/icism4  ,b :at is m c]ta9 ?an
 t m5 obta9 ! remission ( s9s by fai? = 
,*ri/'s sake8  ,& ^! wret*es d>e to call
 ?is a wick$ op9ion6  ,we d n at all    
d\bt t if y _h be5 advis$ ( ?is passage1
 y w\ld h tak5 w take c>e t su*         
blasphemy be remov$ f ! ,confutation4   
,b s9ce x has be5 fully %[n above t !   
op9ion is wick$1 t we obta9 ! remission 
( s9s on acc\nt ( our works1 we %all be 
brief] at ?is place4  ,= ! prud5t read] 
w easily be able to reason !nce t we d n
 m]it ! remission ( s9s by mona/ic      
works4  ,!re=e ?is blasphemy also is 9  
no way to be endur$ :i* is read 9       
,?omas1 t ! mona/ic pr(ession is equal  
to ,baptism4  ,x is madness to make     
human tradition1 :i* has nei!r ,god's   
comm& nor promise1 equal to ! ord9ance (
 ,*ri/ :i* has bo? ! comm& & promise (  

,god1 :i* conta9s ! cov5ant ( grace & ( 
et]nal life4  ,secondly4  ,ob$i5ce1     
pov]ty1 & celibacy1 provid$ ! latt] is n
 impure1 are1 z ex]cises1 adiaphora 9   
:i* we are n to look = ei!r s9 or       
righte\sness4  ,& = ?is reason ! sa9ts c
 use ^! )\t impiety1 j z ,b]n>d1        
,franciscus1 & o!r holy m5 us$ !m4  ,&  
!y us$ !m on acc\nt ( bodily advantage1 
t !y might h m leisure to tea* & to p]=m
 o!r godly (fices1 & n t ! works        
!mselves are1 by !mselves1 works t      
ju/ify or m]it et]nal life4  ,f9ally !y 
belong to ! class ( :i* ,paul says1 #a  
,tim4 #d1 #h3 ,bodily ex]cise pr(ite?   
little4  ,& x is cr$ible t 9 "s places  
!re are also at pres5t good m51 engag$ 9
 ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w1 :o use ^! obs]vances 
)\t wick$ op9ions )\t hypocrisy & ) !   
und]/&+ t !y d n reg>d _! mona/icism z  
hol9ess4  ,b to hold t ^! obs]vances are
 s]vices on acc\nt ( :i* !y are acc\nt$ 
j be=e ,god1 & ?r\gh :i* !y m]it et]nal 
life1 conflicts ) ! ,gospel conc]n+ !   
righte\sness ( fai?1 :i* tea*es t =     

,*ri/'s sake righte\sness & et]nal life 
are grant$ u4  ,x conflicts also ) !    
say+ ( ,*ri/1 ,matt4 #ae1 #i3 ,9 va9 d  
!y wor%ip ,me1 tea*+ = doctr9es !       
comm&m5ts ( m54  ,x conflicts also ) ?is
 /atem5t1 ,rom4 #ad1 #bc3 ,:atsoev] is n
 ( fai? is s94 ,b h[ c !y affirm t !y   
are s]vices :i* ,god approves z         
righte\sness be=e ,him :5 !y h no       
te/imony ( ,god's ,^w8  ,b look at !    
impud5ce ( ! adv]s>ies6  ,!y n only tea*
 t ^! obs]vances are ju/ify+ s]vices1 b 
!y add t ^! s]vices are m p]fect1 i4e4  
m]it+ m ! remission ( s9s &             
ju/ification1 ?an d o!r k9ds ( life t !y
 are /ates ( p]fection1 i4e41 holi] &   
high] /ates ?an ! re/1 su* z m>riage1   
rul]%ip4  ,& "h _m false & p]nici\s     
op9ions concur4  ,!y imag9e t !y are !  
mo/ holy p :o obs]ve n only precepts & b
 also c\nsels t is1 ! sup]ior c\nsels1  
:i* ,scripture issues conc]n+ exalt$    
gifts1 n by way ( comm& b ( advice4     
,aft]w>ds ^! lib]al m51 s9ce !y dream t 
!y h ! m]its ( sup]]ogation1 sell ^! to 

o!rs4  ,all ^! ?+s are full ( ph>isaic  
vanity4  ,= x is ! height ( impiety to  
hold t !y satisfy ! ,decalog 9 su* a way
 t m]its rema91 :ile su* precepts z ^!  
are accus+ all ! sa9ts3 ,?\ %alt love ! 
,"l1 ?y ,god1 ) all %9e he>t1 ,deut4 #f1
 #e4 ,likewise3 ,?\ %alt n covet1 ,rom4 
#g1 #g4 ,=  z ! ,fir/ ,comm&m5t ( ,god  
7,?\ %alt love ! ,"l1 ?y ,god1 ) all ?y 
he>t & ) all ?y s\l & ) all ?y m9d 7 is 
high] ?an a man ^u e>? c compreh5d z x  
is ! highe/ !ology1 f :i* all ! prophets
 & all ! apo/les h drawn z f a spr+ _!  
be/ & highe/ doctr9es1 yea1 z x is su*  
an exalt$ comm&m5t1 accord+ to :i* alone
 all div9e s]vice1 all honor to ,god1 e 
(f]+1 all ?anksgiv+ 9 heav5 & ^u e>?1   
mu/ be regulat$ & judg$1 s t all div9e  
s]vice high & preci\s & holy ?\gh x     
appe> if x be n 9 accordance ) ?is      
comm&m5t1 is no?+ b husks & %ells )\t a 
k]nel1 yea1 no?+ b fil? & abom9ation    
be=e ,god2 :i* exalt$ comm&m5t no sa9t  
:atev] has p]fectly fulfill$1 s t ev5   
,noah & ,abraham1 ,david1 ,pet] & ,paul 

ackn[l$g$ !mselves imp]fect & s9n]s3 x  
is an unhe>d-(1 ph>isaic1 yea1 an       
actually diabolical pride = a sordid    
,b>efoot$ monk or any simil> godless    
hypocrite to say1 yea1 prea* & tea*1 t  
he has obs]v$ & fulfill$ ! holy high    
comm&m5t s p]fectly1 & accord+ to !     
dem&s & w ( ,god has done s _m good     
works1 t m]it ev5 sup]ab\nds to him4    
,yea1 de> hypocrites1 if ! holy ,t5     
,comm&m5ts & ! exalt$ ,fir/ ,comm&m5t ( 
,god 7 fulfill$ z easily z ! bread &    
remnants are put into ! sack6 ,!y are   
%ameless hypocrites ) :om ! _w is plagu$
 9 ?is la/ "t4 ,! prophet says1 ,ps4    
#aaf1 #aa3 ,all m5 are li>s1 i4e41 n    
?9k+ aright conc]n+ ,god1 n fe>+ ,god   
suffici5tly1 n believ+ ,him suffici5tly4
  ,!re=e ! monks falsely boa/ t 9 !     
obs]vance ( a mona/ic life ! comm&m5ts  
are fulfill$1 & m is done ?an :at is    
comm&$ t _! good works & sev]al         
hundr$weights ( sup]flu\s1 sup]abundant 
hol9ess rema9 9 /ore = !m4  ,aga91 ?is  
also is false1 namely1 t mona/ic        

obs]vances are works ( ! c\nsels ( !    
,gospel4  ,= ! ,gospel does n advise    
conc]n+ di/9ctions ( clo?+ & meats & !  
r5unciation ( prop]ty4  ,^! are human   
traditions1 conc]n+ all ( :i* x has be5 
said1 #a ,cor4 #h1 #h3 ,meat comm5de? u 
n to ,god4  ,!re=e !y are nei!r ju/ify+ 
s]vices nor p]fection2 yea1 :5 !y are   
pres5t$ cov]$ ) ^! titles1 !y are m]e   
doctr9es ( demons4  ,virg9ity is        
recomm5d$1 b to ^? :o h ! gift1 z has   
be5 said above4  ,x is1 h[ev]1 a mo/    
p]nici\s error to hold t evangelical    
p]fection lies 9 human traditions4  ,=  
?us ! monks ev5 ( ! ,mohamm$ans w\ld be 
able to boa/ t !y h evangelical         
p]fection4  ,nei!r does x lie 9 !       
obs]vance ( o!r ?+s :i* are call$       
adiaphora1 b because ! k+dom ( ,god is  
righte\sness & life  9 he>ts1 ,rom4 #ad1
 #ag1 p]fection is gr[? 9 ! fe> ( ,god1 
& 9 confid5ce 9 ! m]cy promis$ 9 ,*ri/1 
& 9 devotion to "o's call+ j z ,paul    
also describes p]fection #b ,cor4 #c1   
#ah3 ,we are *ang$ f glory to glory1 ev5

 z by ! ,_s ( ! ,"l4 ,he does n say3 ,we
 are cont9ually receiv+ ano!r hood1 or  
o!r s&als1 or o!r girdles4  ,x is       
deplorable t 9 ! ,*ur* su* ph>isaic1    
yea1 ,mohamm$an expressions %\ld be read
 & he>d z1 t ! p]fection ( ! ,gospel ( !
 k+dom ( ,*ri/1 :i* is et]nal life1 %\ld
 be plac$ 9 ^! fooli% obs]vances (      
ve/m5ts & ( simil> trifles4  ,n[ he> our
 ,areopagites excell5t tea*]s z to :at  
an unwor?y decl>ation !y h record$ 9 !  
,confutation4  ,?us !y say3 ,x has be5  
expressly decl>$ 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures t
 ! mona/ic life m]its et]nal life if    
ma9ta9$ by a due obs]vance1 :i* by !    
grace ( ,god any monk c ma9ta92 &1      
inde$1 ,*ri/ has promis$ ?is z mu* m    
abundant to ^? :o h left home or bro!rs1
 etc41 ,matt4 #ai1 #bi4 ,^! are ! words 
( ! adv]s>ies 9 :i* x is fir/ said mo/  
impud5tly t x is express$ 9 ! ,holy     
,scriptures t a mona/ic life m]its      
et]nal life4  ,= :]e d ! ,holy          
,scriptures speak ( a mona/ic life6     
,?us ! adv]s>ies plead _! case ?us m5 ( 

no acc\nt quote ! ,scriptures4  ,al?\gh 
no "o is ignorant t ! mona/ic life has  
rec5tly be5 devis$1 nev]!less !y cite ! 
au?ority ( ,scripture1 & say1 too1 t ?is
 _! decree has be5 expressly decl>$ 9 ! 
,scriptures4  ,besides1 !y di%onor ,*ri/
 :5 !y say t by mona/icism m5 m]it      
et]nal life4  ,god has ascrib$ n ev5 to 
,8 ,law ! honor t x %\ld m]it et]nal    
life1 z ,he cle>ly says 9 ,ezek4 #bj1   
#be3 ,i gave !m also /atutes t 7 n good1
 & judgm5ts :]eby !y %\ld n live4  ,9 ! 
fir/ place1 x is c]ta9 t a mona/ic life 
does n m]it ! remission ( s9s1 b we     
obta9 ?is by fai? freely1 z has be5 said
 above4  ,secondly1 = ,*ri/'s sake1     
?r\gh m]cy1 et]nal life is grant$ to ^? 
:o by fai? receive remission1 & d n set 
_! own m]its aga9/ ,god's judgm5t1 z    
,b]n>d also says ) v great =ce3 ,x is   
necess>y fir/ ( all to believe t y _c h 
! remission ( s9e unless by ,god's      
indulg5ce4  ,secondly1 t y c h no good  
"w :atev]1 unless ,he has giv5 also ?is4
  ,la/ly1 t y c m]it et]nal life by no  

works1 unless ?is also is giv5 freely4  
,! re/ t foll[s to ! same effect we h   
above recit$4  ,moreov]1 ,b]n>d adds at 
! end3 ,let no "o deceive himself1      
because if he w reflect well1 he w      
und\bt$ly f9d t ) t5 ?\s& he _c meet    
,him namely1 ,god :o come? aga9/ him )  
tw5ty ?\s&4  ,s9ce h[ev]1 we d n  m]it !
 remission ( s9s or et]nal life by !    
works ( ! div9e ,law1 b x is necess>y to
 seek ! m]cy promis$ 9 ,*ri/1 mu* less  
is ?is honor ( m]it+ ! remission ( s9s  
or et]nal life to be ascrib$ to mona/ic 
obs]vances s9ce !y are m]e human        
traditions4  ,?us ^? :o tea* t ! mona/ic
 life m]its ! remission ( s9s or et]nal 
life1 & transf] ! confid5ce due ,*ri/ to
 ^! fooli% obs]vances1 altoge!r suppress
 ! ,gospel conc]n+ ! free remission (   
s9s & ! promis$ m]cy 9 ,*ri/ t is to be 
appreh5d$4  ,in/ead ( ,*ri/ !y wor%ip _!
 own hoods & _! own fil?4  ,b s9ce ev5  
!y ne$ m]cy1 !y act wick$ly 9 fabricat+ 
works ( sup]]ogation1 & sell+ !m _!     
sup]flu\s claim ^u heav5 to o!rs4  ,we  

speak ! m briefly conc]n+ ^! subjects1  
because f ^? ?+s :i* we h said above    
conc]n+ ju/ification1 conc]n+ rep5tance1
 conc]n+ human traditions1 x is         
suffici5tly evid5t t mona/ic v[s are n a
 price on acc\nt ( :i* ! remission ( s9s
 & life et]nal are grant$4  ,& s9ce     
,*ri/ calls traditions useless s]vices1 
!y are 9 no way evangelical p]fection4  
,b ! adv]s>ies cunn+ly wi% to appe> z if
 !y modify ! common op9ion conc]n+      
p]fection4  ,!y say t a mona/ic life is 
n p]fection1 b t x is a /ate 9 :i* to   
acquire p]fection4  ,x is prettily      
phras$6  ,we rememb] t ?is correction is
 f\nd 9 ,g]son4  ,= x is app>5t t prud5t
 m51 (f5d$ by ^! immod]ate praises (    
mona/ic life1 s9ce !y did n v5ture to   
remove entirely f x ! praise (          
p]fection1 h add$ ! correction t x is a 
/ate 9 :i* to acquire p]fection4  ,if we
 foll[ ?is1 mona/icism w be no m a /ate 
( p]fection ?an ! life ( a f>m] or      
me*anic4  ,= ^! are also /ates 9 :i* to 
acquire p]fection4  ,= all m51 9 e      

vocation1 ought to seek p]fection1 t is1
 to gr[ 9 ! fe> ( ,god 9 fai?1 9 love   
t[>ds "o's neighbor1 & simil> spiritual 
virtues4  ,9 ! hi/ories ( ! h]mits !re  
are examples ( ,an?ony & ( o!rs :i* make
 ! v>i\s sph]es ( life equal4  ,x is    
writt5 t :5 ,an?ony ask$ ,god to %[ him 
:at progress he 0 mak+ 9 ?is k9d ( life1
 a c]ta9 %oemak] 9 ! city ( ,alex&ria 0 
indicat$ to him 9 a dream to :om he %\ld
 be comp>$4  ,! next day ,an?ony came   
into ! city1 & w5t to ! %oemak] 9 ord]  
to asc]ta9 8 ex]cises & gifts1 &1 hav+  
conv]s$ ) ! man1 he>d no?+ except t e>ly
 9 ! morn+ he pray$ 9 a few words = !   
entire /ate1 & !n att5d$ to 8 trade4 ,"h
 ,an?ony le>n$ t ju/ification is n to be
 ascrib$ to ! k9d ( life :i* he _h ent]$
 :at ,god _h meant by ! revelation2 = we
 are ju/ifi$ be=e ,god n ?r\gh ?is or t 
life1 b alone ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/4  ,b   
al?\gh ! adv]s>ies n[ mod]ate _! praises
 conc]n+ p]fection1 yet !y actually ?9k 
o!rwise4  ,= !y sell m]its1 & apply !m  
on behalf ( o!rs "u ! pretext t !y are  

obs]v+ precepts & c\nsels1 h5ce !y      
actually hold t !y h sup]flu\s m]its4   
,b :at is x to arrogate to "o's self    
p]fection1 if ?is is n8  ,aga91 x has   
be5 laid d[n 9 ! ,confutation t ! monks 
endeavor to live m ne>ly 9 accordance ) 
! ,gospel4  ,!re=e x ascribes p]fection 
to human traditions if !y are liv+ m    
ne>ly 9 accordance ) ! ,gospel by n hav+
 prop]ty1 be+ unm>ri$1 & obey+ ! rule 9 
clo?+1 meats1 & l trifles4  ,aga91 !    
,confutation says t ! monks m]it et]nal 
life ! m abundantly1 & quotes           
,scripture1 ,matt4 #ai1 #bi3 ,e "o t ha?
 =sak5 h\ses1 etc4 ,accord+ly1 "h1 too1 
x claims p]fection also = factiti\s     
religi\s rites4  ,b ?is passage (       
,scripture 9 no way favors mona/ic life4
  ,= ,*ri/ does n mean t to =sake p>5ts1
 wife1 bre?r51 is a "w t mu/ be done    
because x m]its ! remission ( s9s &     
et]nal life4  ,yea1 su* a =sak+ is      
curs$4  ,= if any "o =sakes p>5ts or    
wife 9 ord] by ?is v "w to m]it !       
remission ( s9s or et]nal life1 ?is is  

done ) di%onor to ,*ri/4  ,!re is1      
moreov]1 a tw(old =sak+4  ,"o occurs )\t
 a call1 )\t ,god's comm&2 ?is ,*ri/    
does n approve1 ,matt4 #ae1 #i4 ,= !    
works *os5 by u are useless s]vices4  ,b
 t ,*ri/ does n approve ?is flight      
appe>s ! m cle>ly f ! fact t ,he speaks 
( =sak+ wife & *ildr54  ,we "k1 h[ev]1 t
 ,god's comm&m5t =bids ! =sak+ ( wife & 
*ildr54  ,! =sak+ :i* occurs by ,god's  
comm& is ( a diff]5t k9d1 namely1 :5 p[]
 or tyranny compels u ei!r to dep>t or  
to d5y ! ,gospel4  ,"h we h ! comm& t we
 %\ld r be> injury1 t we %\ld r suff] n 
only weal?1 wife1 & *ildr51 b ev5 life1 
to be tak5 f u4  ,?is =sak+ ,*ri/       
approves1 & accord+ly ,he adds3 ,= !    
,gospel's sake1 ,m>k #aj1 #bi1 9 ord] to
 signify t ,he is speak+ n ( ^? :o d    
injury to wife & *ildr51 b :o be> injury
 on acc\nt ( ! confession ( ! ,gospel4  
,= ! ,gospel's sake we ought ev5 to     
=sake our body4  ,"h x w\ld be ridicul\s
 to hold t x w\ld be a s]vice to ,god to
 kill "o's self1 & )\t ,god's comm& to  

leave ! body4  ,s1 too1 x is ridicul\s  
to hold t x is a s]vice to ,god )\t     
,god's comm& to =sake possessions1      
fri5ds1 wife1 *ildr54  ,!re=e x is      
evid5t t !y wick$ly di/ort ,*ri/'s ^w to
 a mona/ic life4  ,unless p]haps !      
decl>ation t !y receive a hundr$fold 9  
?is life be 9 place "h4  ,= v _m become 
monks n on acc\nt ( ! ,gospel b on      
acc\nt ( sumptu\s liv+ & idl5ess1 :o f9d
 ! mo/ ample ri*es in/ead ( sl5d]       
patrimonies4  ,b z ! entire subject (   
mona/icism is full ( %ams1 s1 by a false
 pretext !y quote te/imonies (          
,scripture1 & z a consequ5ce !y s9      
d\bly1 i4e41 !y deceive m51 & t1 too1 "u
 ! pretext ( ! div9e "n4  ,ano!r passage
 is also cit$ conc]n+ p]fection ,matt4  
#ai1 #ba3 ,if ?\ wilt be p]fect1 g &    
sell t ?\ ha/1 & give to ! poor1 & come 
& foll[ ,me4  ,?is passage has ex]cis$  
_m1 :o h imag9$ t x is p]fection to ca/ 
away possessions & ! control ( prop]ty4 
,let u all[ ! philosoph]s to extol      
,ari/ippus1 :o ca/ a great weight ( gold

 into ! sea4  ,cynics l ,diog5es1 :o    
w\ld h no h\se1 b lay 9 a tub1 may      
comm5d su* hea!ni% hol9ess4 ,su*        
examples p]ta9 9 no way to ,*ri/ian     
p]fection4  ,*ri/ian hol9ess consi/s 9  
mu* high] matt]s ?an su* hypocrisy4 ,!  
division1 control & possession ( prop]ty
 are civil ord9ances1 approv$ by ,god's 
,^w 9 ! comm&m5t1 ,ex4 #bj1 #ae3 ,?\    
%alt n /eal4  ,! ab&onm5t ( prop]ty has 
no comm& or advice 9 ! ,scriptures4  ,= 
evangelical pov]ty does n consi/ 9 !    
ab&onm5t ( prop]ty1 b 9 n be+ av>ici\s1 
9 n tru/+ 9 weal?1 j z ,david 0 poor 9 a
 mo/ weal?y k+dom4  ,!re=e1 s9ce !      
ab&onm5t ( prop]ty is m]ely a human     
tradition1 x is a useless s]vice4       
,excessive also are ! praises 9 !       
,extravagant1 :i* says t ! abdication ( 
! own]%ip ( all ?+s = ,god's sake is    
m]itori\s & holy1 & a way ( p]fection4  
,& x is v dang]\s to extol ) su*        
excessive praises a matt] conflict+ )   
political ord]4  ,:5 inexp]i5c$ p he>   
su* comm5dations1 !y conclude t x is    

un*ri/ian to hold prop]ty :5ce _m errors
 & s$itions foll[1 ?r\gh su*            
comm5dations ,mu5tz] 0 deceiv$1 & !reby 
_m ,anabapti/s 7 l$ a/ray4 ,b !y say    
,*ri/ "h speaks ( p]fection4  ,yea1 !y d
 viol5ce to ! text :o quote x mutilat$4 
,p]fection is 9 t :i* ,*ri/ adds3 ,foll[
 ,me4  ,an example ( ob$i5ce 9 "o's     
call+ is "h pres5t$4  ,& z call+s are   
unlike "o is call$ to rul]%ip1 a second 
to be fa!r ( a family1 a ?ird to be a   
prea*]1 s ?is call+ does n belong to    
all1 b p]ta9s prop]ly to  t p]son ) :om 
,*ri/ !re speaks1 j z ! call ( ,david to
 ! k+dom1 & ( ,abraham to slay 8 son1   
are n to be imitat$ by u4  ,call+s are  
p]sonal1 j z matt]s ( bus9ess !mselves  
v>y ) times & p]sons2 b ! example (     
ob$i5ce is g5]al4  ,p]fection w\ld h    
belong$ to t "y man if he _h believ$ &  
obey$ ?is vocation4  ,?us p]fection ) u 
is t e "o ) true fai? %\ld obey 8 own   
call+4  ,n t ,i %\ld und]take a /range  
call+ = :i* ,i h n ! commission or comm&
 ( ,god4  ,?irdly4  ,9 mona/ic v[s      

*a/ity is promis$4  ,we h said above1   
h[ev]1 conc]n+ ! m>riage ( prie/s1 t !  
law ( nature or ( ,god 9 m5 _c be remov$
 by v[s or enactm5ts4  ,& z all d n h ! 
gift ( cont95ce1 _m because ( weakness  
are unsuccessfully cont95t4  ,nei!r1    
inde$1 c any v[s or any enactm5ts aboli%
 ! comm& ( ! ,holy ,gho/ #a ,cor4 #g1   
#b3 ,to avoid =nication1 let e man h 8  
own wife4  ,!re=e ?is v[ is n lawful 9  
^? :o d n h ! gift ( cont95ce1 b :o are 
pollut$ on acc\nt ( weakness4  ,conc]n+ 
?is entire topic en\gh has be5 said     
above1 9 reg>d to :i* inde$ x is /range1
 s9ce ! dang]s & sc&als are occurr+ be=e
 m5's eyes t ! adv]s>ies /ill def5d _!  
traditions contr>y to ! manife/ comm& ( 
,god4  ,nei!r does ! voice ( ,*ri/ move 
!m1 :o *ides ! ,ph>isees1 ,matt4 #bc1   
#ac f41 :o _h made traditions contr>y to
 ,god's comm&4  ,f\r?ly4  ,^? :o live 9 
mona/]ies are releas$ f _! v[s by su*   
godless c]emonies z ( ! ,mass appli$ on 
behalf ( ! dead = ! sake ( ga91 ! wor%ip
 ( sa9ts1 9 :i* ! fault is tw(old1 bo? t

 ! sa9ts are put 9 ,*ri/'s place1 & t !y
 are wick$ly wor%ip$1 j z ! ,dom9ica/]s 
inv5t$ ! ros>y ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 :i*  
is m]e babbl+ n less fooli% ?an x is    
wick$1 & n\ri%es ! mo/ va9 presumption4 
,!n1 too1 ^! v impieties are appli$ only
 = ! sake ( ga94 ,likewise1 !y nei!r he>
 nor tea* ! ,gospel conc]n+ ! free      
remission ( s9s = ,*ri/'s sake1 conc]n+ 
! righte\sness ( fai?1 conc]n+ true     
rep5tance1 conc]n+ works :i* h ,god's   
comm&4  ,b !y are occupi$ ei!r 9        
philosophic discussions or 9 ! h&+ d[n (
 c]emonies t obscure ,*ri/4  ,we w n "h 
speak ( ! entire s]vice ( c]emonies1 ( !
 lessons1 s++1 & simil> ?+s1 :i* c\ld be
 tol]at$ if !y 7 regulat$ z reg>ds      
numb]1 & if !y w\ld be reg>d$ z         
ex]cises1 aft] ! mann] ( lessons 9 !    
s*ools & prea*+1 ^: design is to tea* ! 
he>]s1 &1 :ile tea*+1 to move "s to fe> 
or fai?4  ,b n[ !y feign t ^! c]emonies 
are s]vices ( ,god1 :i* m]it ! remission
 ( s9s = !mselves & = o!rs4  ,= on ?is  
acc\nt !y increase ^! c]emonies4  ,b if 

!y w\ld und]take !m 9 ord] to tea* &    
exhort ! he>]s1 brief & po9t$ lessons   
w\ld be ( m pr(it ?an ^! inf9ite        
babbl+s4 ,?us ! entire mona/ic life is  
full ( hypocrisy & false op9ions aga9/ !
 ,fir/ & ,second ,comm&m5ts1 aga9/      
,*ri/4 ,to all ^! ?is dang] also is     
add$1 t ^? :o are 9 ^! frat]nities are  
compell$ to ass5t to ^? p]secut+ ! tru?4
 ,!re are1 !re=e1 _m important & =cible 
reasons :i* free good m5 f ! obligation 
to ?is k9d ( life4  ,la/ly1 ! canons    
!mselves release _m :o ei!r )\t judgm5t 
be=e !y h atta9$ a prop] age h made v[s 
:5 entic$ by ! tricks ( ! monks1 or h   
made v[s "u compulsion by fri5ds4  ,su* 
v[s n ev5 ! canons decl>e to be v[s4  ,f
 all ^! consid]ations x is app>5t t !re 
are v _m reasons :i* tea* t mona/ic v[s 
su* z h hi!rto be5 made are n v[s2 & =  
?is reason a sph]e ( life full (        
hypocrisy & false op9ions c be safely   
ab&on$4  ,"h !y pres5t an objection     
d]iv$ f ! ,law conc]n+ ! ,naz>ites1     
,num4 #f1 #b;f4  ,b ! ,naz>ites did n   

take ^u !mselves _! v[s ) ! op9ions :i*1
 we h hi!rto said we c5sure 9 ! v[s ( ! 
monks4  ,! rite ( ! ,naz>ites 0 an      
ex]cise a bodily ex]cise ) fa/+ & c]ta9 
k9ds ( food or decl>ation ( fai? be=e   
m51 & did n m]it ! remission ( s9s be=e 
,god1 did n ju/ify be=e ,god4  ,= !y    
s\ght ?is else:]e1 namely1 9 ! promise (
 ! bless$ ,se$4 ,aga91 j z circumcision 
or ! slay+ ( victims w\ld n be a s]vice 
( ,god n[1 s ! rite ( ! ,naz>ites ought 
n to be pres5t$ n[ z a s]vice1 b x ought
 to be judg$ simply z an adiaphoron4  ,x
 is n "r to comp>e mona/icism1 devis$   
)\t ,god's ,^w1 z a s]vice :i* %\ld m]it
 ! remission ( s9s & ju/ification1 ) !  
rite ( ! ,naz>ites1 :i* _h ,god's ,^w1 &
 0 n taught = ! purpose ( m]it+ !       
remission ( s9s1 b to be an outw>d      
ex]cise1 j z o!r c]emonies ( ! ,law4 ,! 
same c be said conc]n+ o!r c]emonies    
prescrib$ 9 ! ,law4  ,! ,re*abites also 
are cit$1 :o did n h any possessions1 & 
did n dr9k w9e1 z ,j]emiah writes1 *ap4 
#ce1 #f;f4  ,yea1 truly1 ! example ( !  

,re*abites accords beautifully ) our    
monks1 ^: mona/]ies excel ! palaces (   
k+s1 & :o live mo/ sumptu\sly6  ,& !    
,re*abites1 9 _! pov]ty ( all ?+s1 7    
nev]!less m>ri$4  ,our monks1 al?\gh    
ab\nd+ 9 all voluptu\sness1 pr(ess      
celibacy4  ,besides1 examples ought to  
be int]pret$ accord+ to ! rule1 i4e41   
accord+ to c]ta9 & cle> passages (      
,scripture1 n contr>y to ! rule1 t is1  
contr>y to ! ,scriptures4  ,x is v      
c]ta91 h[ev]1 t our obs]vances d n m]it 
! remission ( s9s or ju/ification4      
,!re=e1 :5 ! ,re*abites are prais$1 x is
 necess>y x is c]ta9 t ^! h obs]v$ _!   
cu/om1 n because !y believ$ t by ?is !y 
m]it$ remission ( s9s1 or t ! "w 0      
itself a ju/ify+ s]vice1 or "o on acc\nt
 ( :i* !y obta9$ et]nal life1 in/ead (1 
by ,god's m]cy1 = ! sake ( ! promis$    
,se$4  ,b because !y _h ! comm& ( _!    
p>5ts1 _! ob$i5ce is prais$1 conc]n+ :i*
 !re is ! comm&m5t ( ,god3 ,honor ?y    
fa!r & "m4  ,!n1 too1 ! cu/om _h a      
p>ticul> purpose3 ,because !y 7 =eign]s1

 n ,israelites1 x is app>5t t _! fa!r   
wi%$ to di/+ui% !m by c]ta9 m>ks f _!   
c\ntrym51 s t !y might n relapse into ! 
impiety ( _! c\ntrym54  ,he wi%$ by ^!  
m>ks to admoni% !m ( ! fe> ( ,god1 !    
doctr9e ( fai? & immortality4  ,su* an  
end is lawful4  ,b = mona/icism f>      
diff]5t ends are taught4  ,!y feign t ! 
works ( mona/icism are a s]vice1 !y     
feign t !y m]it ! remission ( s9s &     
ju/ification4  ,! example ( ! ,re*abites
 is !re=e unlike mona/icism2 to omit "h 
o!r evils :i* inh]e 9 mona/icism at     
pres5t4  ,!y cite also f #a ,tim4 #e1   
#aa;ff4 conc]n+ wid[s1 :o1 z !y s]v$ !  
,*ur*1 7 support$ at ! public exp5se1   
:]e x is said3 ,!y w m>ry1 hav+         
damnation1 because !y h ca/ (f _! fir/  
fai?4  ,fir/1 let u suppose t ! ,apo/le 
is "h speak+ ( v[s :i*1 h[ev]1 he is n  
do+2 /ill ?is passage w n favor mona/ic 
v[s1 :i* are made conc]n+ godless       
s]vices1 & 9 ?is op9ion t !y m]it !     
remission ( s9s & ju/ification4  ,=     
,paul ) r++ voice condemns all s]vices1 

all laws1 all works1 if !y are obs]v$ 9 
ord] to m]it ! remission ( s9s1 or t1 on
 acc\nt ( !m in/ead ( ?r\gh m]cy on     
acc\nt ( ,*ri/ we obta9 remission ( s9s4
  ,on ?is acc\nt ! v[s ( wid[s1 if !re 7
 any1 mu/ h be5 unlike mona/ic v[s4     
,besides1 if ! adv]s>ies d n cease to   
misapply ! passage to v[s1 ! prohibition
 t no wid[ be select$ :o is less ?an    
sixty ye>s1 #a ,tim4 #e1 #i1 mu/ be     
misappli$ 9 ! same way4  ,?us v[s made  
be=e ?is age w be ( no acc\nt4  ,b !    
,*ur* did n yet "k ^! v[s4 ,!re=e ,paul 
condemns wid[s1 n because !y m>ry1 = he 
comm&s ! y\ng] to m>ry2 b because1 :5   
support$ at ! public exp5se1 !y became  
wanton1 & ?us ca/ (f fai?4 ,he calls ?is
 fir/ fai?1 cle>ly n 9 a mona/ic v[1 b 9
 ,*ri/ianity ( _! ,baptism1 _! ,*ri/ian 
duty1 _! ,*ri/ianity4 ,& 9 ?is s5se he  
und]/&s fai? 9 ! same *apt]1 v4 #h3 ,if 
any "o provide n = 8 own1 & specially = 
^? ( 8 own h\se1 he ha? d5i$ ! fai?4 ,= 
he speaks o!rwise ( fai? ?an ! sophi/s4 
,he does n ascribe fai? to ^? :o h      

mortal s94 ,he1 accord+ly1 says t ^? ca/
 (f fai? :o d n c>e = _! relatives4 ,& 9
 ! same way he says t wanton wom5 ca/ (f
 fai?4  ,we h rec\nt$ "s ( our reasons  
&1 9 pass+1 h expla9$ away ! objections 
urg$ by ! adv]s>ies4  ,& we h collect$  
^! matt]s1 n only on acc\nt ( !         
adv]s>ies1 b mu* m on acc\nt ( godly    
m9ds1 t !y may h 9 view ! reasons :y !y 
ought to disapprove ( hypocrisy &       
fictiti\s mona/ic s]vices1 all ( :i*    
inde$ ?is "o say+ ( ,*ri/ annuls1 :i*   
reads1 ,matt4 #ae1 #i3 ,9 va9 !y d      
wor%ip ,me1 tea*+ = doctr9es ! comm&m5ts
 ( m54  ,!re=e ! v[s !mselves & !       
obs]vances ( meats1 lessons1 *ants1     
ve/m5ts1 s&als1 girdles are useless     
s]vices 9 ,god's sight4  ,& all godly   
m9ds %\ld c]ta9ly "k t ! op9ion is      
simply ph>isaic & condemn$ t ^!         
obs]vances m]it ! remission ( s9s2 t on 
acc\nt ( !m we are acc\nt$ righte\s1 t  
on acc\nt ( !m1 & n ?r\gh m]cy on acc\nt
 ( ,*ri/1 we obta9 et]nal life4 ,& !    
holy m5 :o h liv$ 9 ^! k9ds ( life mu/  

necess>ily h le>n$1 confid5ce 9 su*     
obs]vance hav+ be5 reject$1 t !y _h !   
remission ( s9s freely1 t = ,*ri/'s sake
 ?r\gh m]cy !y w\ld obta9 et]nal life1 &
 n = ! sake ( ^! s]vices !re=e godly    
p]sons :o 7 sav$ & cont9u$ to live 9    
mona/ic life _h f9ally come to ?is1     
namely1 t !y despair$ ( _! mona/ic life1
 despis$ all _! works z dung1 condemn$  
all _! hypocritical s]vice ( ,god1 &    
held fa/ to ! promise ( grace 9 ,*ri/1 z
 9 ! example ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 say+1 ,p]dite
 vixi1 ,i h liv$ 9 a s9ful way1 because 
,god only approves s]vices in/itut$ by  
,8 ,^w1 :i* s]vices avail :5 us$ 9 fai?4
     ,"p #cf   ,article ,,xxviii        
7,,xiv73 ,( ,ecclesia/ical ,p[]4  ,"h ! 
adv]s>ies cry out viol5tly conc]n+ !    
privileges & immunities ( !             
ecclesia/ical e/ate1 & !y add !         
p]oration3 ,all ?+s are va9 :i* are     
pres5t$ 9 ! pres5t article aga9/ !      
immunity ( ! *ur*es & prie/s4  ,?is is  
m]e calumny2 = 9 ?is article we h       
disput$ conc]n+ o!r ?+s4 ,besides1 we h 

frequ5tly te/ifi$ t we d n f9d fault )  
political ord9ances1 & ! gifts &        
privileges grant$ by pr9ces4  ,b w\ld t 
! adv]s>ies w\ld he>1 on ! o!r h&1 !    
compla9ts ( ! *ur*es & ( godly m9ds6  ,!
 adv]s>ies c\rage\sly gu>d _! own       
dignities & weal?2 mean:ile1 !y neglect 
! condition ( ! *ur*es2 !y d n c>e t !  
*ur*es are rightly taught1 & t !        
,sacram5ts are duly adm9i/]$4  ,to !    
prie/hood !y admit all k9ds ( p]sons    
indiscrim9ately4  ,!y orda9 rude asses2 
?us ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e p]i%$1 because ! 
,*ur* 0 n suppli$ ) effici5t prea*]s4   
,aft]w>ds !y impose intol]able burd5s1 z
 ?\gh !y 7 delight$ ) ! de/ruction ( _! 
fell[m51 !y dem& t _! traditions be     
obs]v$ f> m accurately ?an ! ,gospel4   
,n[1 9 ! mo/ important & difficult      
controv]sies1 conc]n+ :i* ! p urg5tly   
desire to be taught1 9 ord] t !y may h  
some?+ c]ta9 :i* !y may foll[1 !y d n   
release ! m9ds :i* are mo/ sev]ely      
tortur$ ) d\bt1 !y only call to arms4   
,besides1 9 manife/ matt]s aga9/ manife/

 tru? !y pres5t decrees writt5 9 blood1 
:i* ?reat5 horrible puni%m5ts to m5     
unless !y act cle>ly contr>y to ,god's  
comm&4  ,"h1 on ! o!r h&1 y ought to see
 ! te>s ( ! poor1 & he> ! pitiable      
compla9ts ( _m good m51 :i* ,god        
und\bt$ly consid]s & reg>ds1 to :om "o  
day y w r5d] an acc\nt ( y\r /ew>d%ip4  
,b al?\gh 9 ! ,confession we h 9 ?is    
article embrac$ v>i\s topics1 !         
adv]s>ies make no reply act 9 true popi%
 fa%ion1 except t ! bi%ops h ! p[] (    
rule & co]cive correction1 9 ord] to    
direct _! subjects to ! goal ( et]nal   
bless$ness2 & t ! p[] ( rul+ requires ! 
p[] to judge1 to def9e1 to di/+ui% & fix
 ^? ?+s :i* are s]viceable or conduce to
 ! a=em5tion$ end4  ,^! are ! words ( ! 
,confutation1 9 :i* ! adv]s>ies tea* u b
 d n prove t ! bi%ops h ! au?ority to   
frame laws )\t ! au?ority ( ! ,gospel   
useful = obta9+ et]nal life4  ,!        
controv]sy is conc]n+ ?is article4      
,reg>d+ ?is matt] we submit ! foll[+3 ,b
 we mu/ reta9 9 ! ,*ur* ?is doctr9e1    

namely1 t we receive ! remission ( s9s  
freely = ,*ri/'s sake1 by fai?4  ,we mu/
 also reta9 ?is doctr9e1 namely1 t human
 traditions are useless s]vices1 & !re=e
 nei!r s9 nor righte\sness %\ld be plac$
 9 meat dr9k1 clo?+ & l ?+s1 ! use ( :i*
 ,*ri/ wi%$ to be left free1 s9ce ,he   
says1 ,matt4 #ae1 #aa3 ,n t :i* goe?    
into ! m\? defile? ! man2 & ,paul1 ,rom4
 #ad1 #ag3 ,! k+dom ( ,god is n meat &  
dr9k4  ,!re=e ! bi%ops h no "r to frame 
traditions 9 addition to ! ,gospel1 t !y
 may m]it ! remission ( s9s1 t !y may be
 s]vices :i* ,god is to approve z       
righte\sness & :i* burd5 consci5ces1 z  
?\gh x 7 a s9 to omit !m4  ,all ?is is  
taught by t "o passage 9 ,acts1 #ae1    
#i;ff41 :]e ! apo/les say ,pet] says t  
he>ts are purifi$ by fai?4  ,& !n !y    
prohibit ! impos+ ( a yoke1 & %[ h[     
great a dang] ?is is1 & enl>ge ^u ! s9 (
 ^? :o burd5 ! ,*ur*4  ,:y tempt ye ,god
 !y say4  ,by ?is ?und]bolt our         
adv]s>ies are 9 no way t]rifi$1 :o def5d
 by viol5ce traditions & godless        

op9ions4  ,= above !y h also condemn$   
,article ,,xv1 9 :i* we h /at$ t        
traditions d n m]it ! remission ( s9s1 &
 !y "h say t traditions conduce to      
et]nal life4  ,d !y m]it ! remission (  
s9s8  ,are !y s]vices :i* ,god approves 
z righte\sness8  ,d !y quick5 he>ts6    
,paul to ! ,colossians1 #b1 #bj;ff41    
says t traditions d n pr(it ) respect to
 et]nal righte\sness & et]nal life2 = ! 
reason t food1 dr9k1 clo?+ & ! l are ?+s
 t p]i% ) ! us+4  ,b et]nal life :i*    
beg9s 9 ?is life inw>dly by fai? is     
wr\ght 9 ! he>t by et]nal ?+s1 i4e41 by 
! ,^w ( ,god & ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,!re=e   
let ! adv]s>ies expla9 h[ traditions    
conduce to et]nal life4  ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 !
 ,gospel cle>ly te/ifies t traditions   
ought n to be impos$ ^u ! ,*ur* 9 ord]  
to m]it ! remission ( s9s2 9 ord] to be 
s]vices :i* ,god %all approve z         
righte\sness2 9 ord] to burd5           
consci5ces1 s t to omit !m is to be     
acc\nt$ a s91 ! adv]s>ies w nev] be able
 to %[ t ! bi%ops h ! p[] to in/itute   

su* s]vices4  ,besides1 we h decl>$ 9 ! 
,confession :at p[] ! ,gospel ascribes  
to bi%ops4  ,^? :o are n[ bi%ops d n    
p]=m ! duties ( bi%ops accord+ to !     
,gospel al?\gh1 inde$1 !y may be bi%ops 
accord+ to canonical polity1 :i* we d n 
c5sure4 ,b we are speak+ ( a bi%op      
accord+ to ! ,gospel4  ,& we are pleas$ 
) ! anci5t division ( p[] into p[] ( !  
ord] & p[] ( jurisdiction t is !        
adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts & ! ex]cise 
( spiritual jurisdiction4  ,!re=e !     
bi%op has ! p[] ( ! ord]1 i4e41 ! m9i/ry
 ( ! ,^w & ,sacram5ts2 he has also ! p[]
 ( jurisdiction1 i4e41 ! au?ority to    
excommunicate ^? guilty ( op5 crimes1 & 
aga9 to absolve !m if !y are conv]t$ &  
seek absolution4  ,b _! p[] is n to be  
tyrannical1 i4e41 )\t a fix$ law2 nor   
regal1 i4e41 above law2 b !y h a fix$   
comm& & a fix$ ,^w ( ,god1 accord+ to   
:i* !y ought to tea* & accord+ to :i* !y
 ought to ex]cise _! jurisdiction4      
,!re=e1 ev5 ?\gh !y %\ld h "s           
jurisdiction1 x does n foll[ t !y are   

able to in/itute new s]vices4  ,=       
s]vices p]ta9 9 no way to jurisdiction4 
,& !y h ! ,^w1 !y h ! comm&1 h[ f> !y   
ought to ex]cise jurisdiction1 namely1  
if any "o w\ld d any?+ contr>y to t ,^w 
:i* !y h receiv$ f ,*ri/4 ,= ! ,gospel  
does n set up a rule indep5d5tly ( !    
,gospel2 t is q cle> & c]ta94  ,al?\gh 9
 ! ,confession we also h add$ h[ f> x is
 lawful = !m to frame traditions1       
namely1 n z necess>y s]vices1 b s t !re 
may be ord] 9 ! ,*ur*1 = ! sake (       
tranquillity4  ,& ^! traditions ought n 
to ca/ sn>es ^u consci5ces1 z ?\gh to   
enjo9 necess>y s]vices2 z ,paul tea*es  
:5 he says1 ,gal4 #e1 #a3 ,/& fa/1      
!re=e1 9 ! lib]ty :]e) ,*ri/ ha? made u 
free1 & be n entangl$ aga9 ) ! yoke (   
bondage4  ,! use ( su* ord9ances ought  
!re=e to be left free1 provid$ t (f5ses 
be avoid$1 & t !y be n judg$ to be      
necess>y s]vices2 j z ! apo/les !mselves
 orda9$ = ! sake ( good discipl9e v _m  
?+s :i* h be5 *ang$ ) "t4  ,nei!r did !y
 h& !m d[n 9 su* a way t x w\ld n be    

p]mitt$ to *ange !m4  ,= !y did n diss5t
 f _! own writ+s1 9 :i* !y greatly labor
 le/ ! ,*ur* be burd5$ ) ! op9ion t     
human rites are necess>y s]vices4  ,?is 
is ! simple mode ( int]pret+ traditions1
 namely1 t we und]/& !m n z necess>y    
s]vices1 & nev]!less1 = ! sake ( avoid+ 
(f5ses1 we %\ld obs]ve !m 9 ! prop]     
place4 ,& ?us _m le>n$ & great m5 9 !   
,*ur* h held4  ,nor d we see :at c be   
said aga9/ ?is4  ,= x is c]ta9 t !      
expression ,luke #aj1 #af3 ,he t he>e? y
 he>e? ,me1 does n speak ( traditions1 b
 is *iefly direct$ aga9/ traditions4  ,=
 x is n a m&atum cum lib]a 7 a be/[al ( 
unlimit$ au?ority71 z !y call x1 b x is 
a cautio de rato 7a caution conc]n+     
some?+ prescrib$71 namely1 conc]n+ !    
special comm& n a free1 unlimit$ ord] & 
p[]1 b a limit$ ord]1 namely1 n to prea*
 _! own ^w1 b ,god's ,^w & ! ,gospel1   
i4e41 ! te/imony giv5 to ! apo/les t we 
believe !m ) respect to ! ^w ( ano!r1 n 
_! own4  ,= ,*ri/ wi%es to assure u1 z 0
 necess>y1 t we %\ld "k t ! ,^w deliv]$ 

by m5 is efficaci\s1 & t no o!r ^w f    
heav5 ought to be s\ght4  ,he t he>e? y 
he>e? ,me1 _c be und]/ood ( traditions4 
,= ,*ri/ requires t !y tea* 9 su* a way 
t by _! m\? ,he ,himself be he>d1       
because ,he says3 ,he he>e? ,me4  ,!re=e
 ,he wi%es ,8 own voice1 ,8 own ,^w1 to 
be he>d1 n human traditions4  ,?us a    
say+ :i* is mo/ especially 9 our favor1 
& conta9s ! mo/ important consolation & 
doctr9e1 ^! /upid m5 p]v]t to ! mo/     
trifl+ matt]s1 ! di/9ctions ( food1     
ve/m5ts1 & ! l4  ,!y quote also ,heb4   
#ac1 #ag3 ,obey !m t h ! rule ov] y4    
,?is passage requires ob$i5ce to !      
,gospel4  ,= x does n e/abli% a dom9ion 
= ! bi%ops ap>t f ! ,gospel4  ,nei!r    
%\ld ! bi%ops frame traditions contr>y  
to ! ,gospel1 or int]pret _! traditions 
contr>y to ! ,gospel4  ,& :5 !y d ?is1  
ob$i5ce is prohibit$1 accord+ to ,gal4  
#a1 #i3 ,if any man prea* any o!r       
gospel1 let him be accurs$4  ,we make ! 
same reply to ,matt4 #bc1 #c3 ,:atsoev] 
!y bid y obs]ve1 t obs]ve1 because      

evid5tly a univ]sal comm& is n giv5 t we
 %\ld receive all ?+s ev5 contr>y to    
,god's comm& & ,^w1 s9ce ,scripture     
else:]e1 ,acts #e1 #bi1 bids u obey ,god
 r ?an m54  ,:51 !re=e !y tea* wick$    
?+s1 !y are n to be he>d4  ,b ^! are    
wick$ ?+s1 namely1 t human traditions   
are s]vices ( ,god t !y are necess>y    
s]vices1 t !y m]it ! remission ( s9s &  
et]nal life4  ,!y pres5t1 z an          
objection1 ! public (f5ses & commotions 
:i* h aris5 "u pretext ( our doctr9e4   
,to ^! we briefly reply4  ,if all !     
sc&als be br\ght toge!r1 /ill ! "o      
article conc]n+ ! remission ( s9s1 t =  
,*ri/'s sake ?r\gh fai? we freely obta9 
! remission ( s9s1 br+s s mu* good z to 
hide all evils4  ,& ?is1 9 ! beg9n+1    
ga9$ = ,lu!r n only our favor1 b also1 t
 ( _m :o are n[ cont5d+ aga9/ u4  ,= =m]
 favor ceases1 & mortals are =getful1   
says ,p9d>4  ,nev]!less1 we nei!r desire
 to des]t tru? t is necess>y to ! ,*ur*1
 nor c we ass5t to ! adv]s>ies 9        
condemn+ x4  ,= we ought to obey ,god r 

?an m54  ,^? :o 9 ! beg9n+ condemn$     
manife/ tru?1 & are n[ p]secut+ x ) !   
greate/ cruelty1 w give an acc\nt = !   
s*ism t has be5 occasion$4  ,!n1 too1   
are !re no sc&als among ! adv]s>ies8    
,h[ mu* evil is !re 9 ! sacrilegi\s     
pr(anation ( ! ,mass appli$ to ga96  ,h[
 great disgrace 9 celibacy6  ,b let u   
omit a comp>ison4  ,?is is :at we h>e   
repli$ to ! ,confutation = ! "t be+4    
,n[ we leave x to ! judgm5t ( all !     
godly :e!r ! adv]s>ies are "r 9 boa/+ t 
!y h actually refut$ our ,concession f !
 ,scriptures4     ,"p #cg   ,,! ,,end4  
,z reg>ds ! sl&] & compla9t ( !         
adv]s>ies at ! end ( ! ,confutation1    
namely1 t ?is doctr9e is caus+          
disob$i5ce & o!r sc&als1 ?is is unju/ly 
imput$ to our doctr9e4  ,= x is evid5t t
 by ?is doctr9e ! au?ority ( magi/rates 
is mo/ highly prais$4  ,moreov]1 x is   
well kn[n t 9 ^? localities :]e ?is     
doctr9e is prea*$1 ! magi/rates h hi!rto
 by ! grace ( ,god1 be5 treat$ ) all    
respect by ! subjects4  ,b z to ! want (

 unity & diss5sion 9 ! ,*ur*1 x is well 
kn[n h[ ^! matt]s fir/ happ5$1 & :o h   
caus$ ! division1 namely1 ! sell]s (    
indulg5ces1 :o %amelessly prea*$        
intol]able lies1 & aft]w>ds condemn$    
,lu!r = n approv+ ( ^? lies1 & besides1 
!y aga9 & aga9 excit$ m controv]sies1 s 
t ,lu!r 0 induc$ to attack _m o!r       
errors4  ,b s9ce our oppon5ts w\ld n    
tol]ate ! tru?1 & d>$ to promote manife/
 errors by =ce1 x is easy to judge :o is
 guilty ( ! s*ism4  ,surely1 all ! _w1  
all wisdom1 all p[] ought to yield to   
,*ri/ & ,8 holy ,^w4  ,b ! devil is !   
enemy ( ,god1 & !re=e r\ses all 8 might 
aga9/ ,*ri/1 to ext+ui% & suppress ! ,^w
 ( ,god4  ,!re=e ! devil ) 8 memb]s1    
sett+ himself aga9/ ! ,^w ( ,god1 is !  
cause ( ! s*ism & want ( unity4  ,= we h
 mo/ zeal\sly s\ght peace1 & /ill mo/   
eag]ly desire x1 provid$ only we are n  
=c$ to blaspheme & d5y ,*ri/4  ,= ,god1 
! disc]n] ( all m5's he>ts1 is our      
witness t we d n delight & h no joy 9   
?is awful disunion4  ,on ! o!r h&1 our  

adv]s>ies h s f> n be5 will+ to conclude
 peace )\t /ipulat+ t we mu/ ab&on !    
sav+ doctr9e ( ! =giv5ess ( s9 by ,*ri/ 
)\t our m]it2 ?\gh ,*ri/ w\ld be mo/    
f\lly blasphem$ !reby4  ,& al?\gh1 z is 
! cu/om ( ! _w x _c be b t (f5ses h     
occurr$ 9 ?is s*ism ?r\gh malice & by   
imprud5t p2 = ! devil causes su* (f5ses1
 to disgrace ! ,gospel1 yet all ?is is (
 no acc\nt 9 view ( ! great com=t :i*   
?is tea*+ has br\ght m51 t = ,*ri/'s    
sake1 )\t our m]it1 we h =giv5ess ( s9s 
& a graci\s ,god4  ,aga91 t m5 h be5    
in/ruct$ t =sak+ secul> e/ates &        
magi/racies is n a div9e wor%ip1 b t su*
 e/ates & magi/racies are pleas+ to ,god
 & to be engag$ 9 !m is a real holy "w &
 div9e s]vice4  ,if we also 7 to n>rate 
! (f5ses ( ! adv]s>ies1 :i*1 inde$1 we h
 no desire to d1 x w\ld be a t]rible    
li/3 :at an abom9able1 blasphem\s fair !
 adv]s>ies h made ( ! ,mass2 :at un*a/e 
liv+ has be5 in/itut$ by _! celibacy2 h[
 ! ,popes h = m ?an #djj ye>s be5 engag$
 9 w>s aga9/ ! emp]ors1 h =gott5 !      

,gospel1 & only s\ght to be emp]ors     
!mselves1 & to br+ all ,italy into _!   
p[] h[ !y h juggl$ ! possessions ( !    
,*ur*2 h[ ?r\gh _! neglect _m false     
tea*+s & =ms ( wor%ip h be5 set up by ! 
monks4 ,is n _! wor%ip ( ! sa9ts manife/
 pagan idolatry8  ,all _! writ]s d n say
 "o ^w conc]n+ fai? 9 ,*ri/1 by :i*     
=giv5ess ( s9 is obta9$2 ! highe/ degree
 ( hol9ess !y ascribe to human          
traditions1 x is *iefly ( ^! t !y write 
& prea*4  ,moreov] ?is1 too1 ought to be
 numb]$ ) _! (f5ses1 t !y cle>ly reveal 
:at sort ( a _s is 9 !m1 because !y are 
n[ putt+ to dea? s _m innoc5t1 pi\s p on
 acc\nt ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e4  ,b we d n  
n[ wi% to say m conc]n+ ?is2 = ^! matt]s
 %\ld be decid$ 9 accordance ) ,god's   
,^w1 reg>dless ( ! (f5ses on ei!r aide4 
,we hope t all ,god-fe>+ m5 w           
suffici5tly see f ?is writ+ ( ours t    
ours is ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e & com=t+ &   
salut>y to all godly m54  ,accord+ly1 we
 pray ,god to ext5d ,8 grace to ! end t 
,8 holy ,gospel may be kn[n & honor$ by 

all1 = ,8 glory1 & = ! peace1 unity1 &  
salvation ( all ( u4  ,reg>d+ all ^!    
articles we (f] to make fur!r /atem5ts  
if requir$4