,transcrib] ,note    ,text emphasis     
d5ot$ z ,italics4                       
,,!                              ,,bee  
,,keep]',s ,,guide                      
,,conta9+                               
,,concise ,,practical ,,directions      
,,=                            ,,!      
,,managem5t ,,( ,,bees1                 
,,^u ,,!                                
,,depriv+ ,,sy/em4                      
,,by ,j4 ,h4 ,,payne1                   
,au?or ( ,! ,cottag]'s ,guide4          
,,?ird ,,edition4                       
,,london3                 ,t4 ,c4       
,,newby1 #gb1 ,,mortim] ,/41 ,,cav5di%  
,sq4                                    
#ahdf4                                  
,,preface                               
,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition4              
-----o-----      ,hav+ writt5 !         
,cottag]'s ,guide = ! ,managem5t ( 8    
,bees1  ^u ! ,depriv+ ,sy/em1 :i* has   
be5 pr9t$ = gratuit\s  di/ribution among
 ! ,cottag]s1 ,i am induc$1 at !        
p>ticul>  reque/ ( sev]al ,api>ian      

fri5ds1 to enl>ge ! above little "w1  & 
to give 9 addition a description (      
,nutt's newly inv5t$ ,hive1  & o!r      
practical rem>ks 9 ,bee-k1 result+ f    
ne>ly  =ty ye>s' close obs]vation4      
,%\ld ?is little "w be ! means ( induc+ 
any p]son to  promote ! culture ( ,bees 
among/ ! ,cottag]s 9 8 imm$iate         
neighb\rhood1 ^u ! ,depriv+ ,sy/em1 ,i  
%all be amply repaid =  ! tr\ble x may h
 occasion$ me2 & ! hope t su* w  be !   
result1 mu/ be my apology = add+ to !   
numb] ( books  7p]haps already too      
num]\s7 ^u ?is subject4    ,reaumur1 9 a
 lett] to ,m4 de la ,b\rdonaye1 9 #ageg1
 says1 ,!  pres]vation & also ! increase
 ( ,bees is an object ( su*  int]e/ to  
,britanny1 t ! peasantry _c be too mu*  
enc\rag$  to turn _! att5tion to x4     
,surely ?is is equally applicable  to   
our own c\ntry at ! pres5t "t1 :5 !     
condition ( !  lab\r+ poor calls s l\dly
 = relief4    ,i h little hesitation 9  
say+1 t ,cottag]s :o are able to keep  f
 f\r to six ,hives ( ,bees1 may make f  

f\r to eight p\nds1  ye>ly pr(it1 aft]  
pay+ all exp5ses ^u !m4 ,i paid la/ ye> 
to  "o ,cottag] sev5 p\nds1 fifte5      
%ill+s1 & to ano!r five p\nd  & "o %ill+
 = ,bees & ,honey4    ,! foll[+ anecdote
 has s mu* ! appe>ance ( tru? 9 x1 &  is
 s well suit$ to my pres5t purpose1 t ,i
 _c refra9 f  giv+ x4    ,a good old    
,fr5* ,bi%op 9 pay+ 8 annual visit to 8 
,cl]gy1  0 v mu* afflict$ by !          
repres5tations !y made ( _!  extreme    
pov]ty1 :i*1 inde$1 ! appe>ance ( _!    
h\ses &  families corroborat$4 ,:il/ he 
0 deplor+ ! /ate ( ?+s  :i* _h r$uc$ !m 
to ?is sad condition1 he arriv$ at !    
h\se  ( a ,curate1 :o1 liv+ among/ a    
poor] set ( p>i%ion]s ?an any  he _h yet
 visit$1 w\ld1 he fe>$1 be 9 /ill m w(ul
 plight  ?an ! o!rs2 contr>y1 h[ev]1 to 
8 expectations1 he f\nd  appe>ances v   
mu* improv$1 ev]y?+ ab\t ! h\se wore !  
aspect ( com=t & pl5ty4 ,! good ,bi%op 0
 amaz$4 ,h[ is ?is1  my fri5d8 said he1 
y are ! fir/ man t ,i h met ) a  *e]ful 
face & a pl5tiful bo>d4 ,h y any income 

indep5d5t (  y\r ,cure8    ,yes1 ,sir1  
said ! ,cl]gyman1 ,i h2 my family w\ld  
/>ve on !  pittance ,i receive f ! poor 
p t ,i in/ruct1 come )  me into ! g>d5 &
 ,i w %[ y ! ,/ock t yields me an       
excell5t int]e/4    ,on go+ to ! g>d5 he
 %[$ ! ,bi%op a l>ge range ( ,bee-hives4
    ,!re is ! ,bank1 he cont9u$1 f :i*  
,i draw my annual  divid5d4--,x nev]    
/ops paym5t4    ,ev] aft] t memorable   
visit1 :5 any ( 8 ,cl]gy compla9$ to  ! 
,bi%op ( pov]ty1 he w\ld say to !m1     
,keep ,bees6 ,keep ,bees6    ,9 ! words 
( an ,api>ian fri5d1 ,i solicit         
in=mation f e  "o :o may h x 9 8 p[] to 
transmit x to me1 & on ! o!r  h&1 ,i    
pr(ess my p]fect read9ess to imp>t      
:atev] k ,i  may possess 9 ! managem5t (
 an ,api>y1 to any p]son :o w  fav\r me 
) ! application2 my aim is g5]al        
utility1 & !  e/abli%m5t ( a national   
advantage4                              
,,preface                               
,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition4            
-----o-----      ,s9ce ! fir/ appe>ance 

( ?is little ,treatise ,i am mo/ happy 9
  be+ able to /ate t ,api>ian ,sci5ce   
has 9 ?is neighb\rhood &  9 ! adjo9+    
,c\nties1 made v consid]able advances1 t
 !  ridicul\s notions1 & fooli%         
prejudices ent]ta9$ respect+ ,bees1  are
 fa/ we>+ away--t ! ,cottag]s are       
g5]ally manag+ !m  ^u ! depriv+ sy/em1  
mak+ !m a real s\rce ( pr(it & (  com=t1
 & t a numb] ( influ5tial p]sons are    
mak+ !mselves  acqua9t$ ) ! practical   
managem5t ( ,bees1 ^u ! simple/ &  mo/  
pr(itable me?ods1 = ! sole purpose (    
sett+ an example1  & = qualify+ !mselves
 to give in/ructions 9 ! managem5t  ( !m
 to _! poor neighb\rs4 ,nor is ?is _s ( 
well-direct$  b5evol5ce conf9$ to ^!    
,c\nties only1 = at ,ox=d a ,society  is
 j =m$ to promote an improv$ & m        
ext5sive sy/em (  ,bee managem5t among !
 ,cottag]s by ! diffusion ( in=mation on
  ! subject1 & ! loan ( hives1 n ! gift1
 _! co/ to  be repaid f ! produce1 &    
also to promote a m ext5sive &          
sci5tific k conc]n+ ! ,natural ,hi/ory &

 cultivation (  ,bees among ! high]     
classes4 ,! ,society1 ,i f9d1 is        
fl\ri%+1  a piece ( gr\nd has be5 tak5 &
 laid out z an exp]im5tal  ,bee-g>d52   
!re is already a v consid]able numb] (  
/ocks (  ,bees plac$ 9 x 9 common /raw &
 exp]im5tal hives4 ,subscrib]s  pay     
half-a-gu9ea a ye>1 & non-,subscrib]s a 
%ill+ ea* visit4  ,?is is an example    
wor?y ( imitation4    ,i am j fav\r$ ) a
 lett] f a ,g5tleman :o has rec5tly     
visit$ ! above e/abli%m5t1 giv+ me a    
c]ta9 & simple me?od  ( ,autumnal union 
( weak /ocks :i* he !re witness$1 b x   
comes  too late to be embodi$ 9 ?is     
treatise1 ! :ole ( t "p be+  already 9 !
 press2 /ill z ,i consid] ! union ( weak
 /ocks  important1 & ,gelieu's me?od :i*
 ,i h giv5 too tr\blesome =  mo/ p]sons1
 ,i w v5ture to give x 9 ?is place4 ,!  
process1  he says1 is m]ely fumigat+ !  
,bees1 = :i* !y h inv5t$  a tube1 mu* m 
simple ?an ,nutt's :i* !y ins]t into !  
m\?  ( ! hive2 "u ! hive is previ\sly   
pu%$ ei!r an empty  "o rev]s$1 or a     

%all[' box ) a wide rim1 ?is receives ! 
/upifi$ ,bees2 cut out ! combs & remove 
all ! rema9+ ,bees  f !m t none be lo/4 
,n[ take a little sug>$ ale & spr9kle  x
 ov] !m j z !y are recov]+1 place ^u !m 
! hive to  :i* !y are to be unit$2 ?is  
hive requires no spr9kl+ nor any        
fumigation3 ! ,bees 9 ! latt] are soon  
attract$ by ! ale1 &  g d[n into ! holl[
 conta9+ ! fumigat$ ones lick+ !m  ov]2 
! :ole are mix$ & g up )\t ! lea/       
di/urbance4 ,x  is unnecess>y to take   
any tr\ble ab\t ! ,que51 he adds1 ,i 0  
assur$ t n a ,bee w\ld be lo/2 & he     
fur!r says1 ^u my  return home ,i te/$ x
 ) entire success on "s ( my neighb\r's 
,bees3 x 0 ! "w ( b a few m9utes1 & n ! 
smalle/  dang]4 ,i left ! hive plac$ ^u 
! o!r all night1 & ! next  morn+ e ,bee 
_h left ! bottom "o2 m p]fect quiet ,i  
nev]  saw4 ,i ?9k !re 7 ne>ly two qu>ts 
( ,bees fumigat$4    ,puff-ball is      
g5]ally recomm5d$ be+ ! safe/2 mild     
tobacco  answ]s v well1 great caution1  
h[ev]1 is requir$ 9 its use1  or ! ,bees

 may be kill$4 ,common fumigat+ bell[s1 
or ev5 a  tobacco-pipe1 may be us$ = ?is
 op]ation4 ,aft] ?is discov]y x  w be   
absurd n to unite weak /ocks1 or to     
de/roy a s+le ,bee on  tak+ up an old   
hive4    ,i h always consid]$ ! keep+ ( 
,bees & ! advantages aris+  f !m to be !
 und\bt$ privilege ( ! ,cottag]s & !irs 
alone1 o!r p]sons may keep a few =      
amusem5t1 or to endeav\r to  le>n some?+
 ( _! natural hi/ory1 b all %\ld 9 my   
op9ion  be made subs]vi5t to !          
,cottag]s' b5efit4    ,! pres5t season  
has be5 a mo/ unpropiti\s "o1 especially
 9 ?is  neighb\rhood1 p]haps ! mo/ s t  
,i rememb]1 b ,i am dispos$  to ?9k t   
?is is n a fav\rable di/rict = !        
collection (  honey4 ,i h frequ5tly     
comp>$ ! produce ( my own api>y )  t (  
o!rs at a di/ance1 & ?is ye> especially1
 ) t ( a  fri5d ^u ! ,essex bank ( !    
,/\r1 :i* ,i assi/$ 9 =m+  & h frequ5tly
 visit$1 ! quantity ( honey obta9$ f ?is
  is small1 b x is five times z mu* z t 
( any "o 9 ?is  neighb\rhood consi/+ ( !

 same numb] ( /ocks4    ,i _c close ?is 
preface )\t ackn[l$g+ ! v flatt]+  mann]
 9 :i* my little treatise has be5       
m5tion$ 9 v>i\s  publications1 & my     
?anks to ! _m correspond5ts x has obta9$
  = me4 ,! addition :i* ,i h be5 enabl$ 
to make to x1 w ,i  tru/ be acceptable &
 useful4    ,i /ill solicit in=mation f 
any "o :o w give x me1 & am  ready to   
imp>t x to all ^? :o w ask x4      ,bury
 ,sa9t ,edmund's1          ,oct4 #aa?1  
#ahch4                                  
,,preface                               
,,to ,,! ,,?ird ,,edition4              
-----o-----      ,9 aga9 revis+ ?is     
little "w = ! press1 ,i am n at all     
dispos$ to increase its size2 = 7 ,i to 
d s1 ,i %\ld v mu*  take f x z a purely 
simple & practical treatise4 ,matt]     
might  easily be add$2 b 7 x n ( a      
useful nature1 ! "w w\ld be  r5d]$ !reby
 less valuable1 & ! attempt$ improvem5t 
w\ld  turn out a positive injury4    ,! 
"t :i* has elaps$ s9ce ! publication ( !
 la/ edition  has1 ye> by ye>1 conv9c$  

me m fully ( ! advantages ( ?is  sy/em1 
& ( its adaptation especially to !      
,cottag]s1 & inde$  to all ^? :o wi% to 
obta9 a l>ge supply ( ! f9e/ honey at  !
 lea/ possible exp5se & tr\ble1 giv+ at 
! same "t1 bo?  to ! amateur & to !     
naturali/1 e facility 9 wat*+ !  economy
 ( our little fav\rites4    ,al?\gh1 z  
,i h already said1 ,i am n dispos$ to   
increase !  size ( ?is little "w1 /ill1 
h[ev]1 an ,index1 & a few practical     
h9ts1 :i* h sugge/$ !mselves 9 ! c\rse (
 ! la/ two or  ?ree ye>s1 w be f\nd add$
 to x4    ,! sy/em1 ,i am happy to say1 
is spread+ f> & wide among/ !           
,cottag]s1 n only 9 ?is b 9 _m o!r      
c\nties1 & ! pr(its  aris+ f _! ,bees   
are becom+ a p]man5t s\rce ( com=t to   
_m ( !m1 z ! quantity ( f9e honeycomb1  
:i* !y exhibit at  ! v>i\s horticultural
 %[s ?r\gh\t ! k+dom1 fully proves4     
,! foll[+ ,report :i* ,i h ?is day      
7,june ! #bd?7 receiv$  f a fri5d1 liv+ 
at ,newm>ket1 %[s :at quantity ( honey  
may be  obta9$ f a hive 9 a good season1

 on ! ,depriv+ ,sy/em1 :5  bo? room &   
v5tilation are prop]ly suppli$4 ,&      
p]haps x may  also prove an inducem5t to
 "s p]sons to keep bees :o hi!rto  h n1 
z well z a motive to p]sev]ance on ! "p 
( ^?  :o already possess !m4 ,?is       
g5tleman _h b two hives4 ,no4 #a 0      
all[$ to sw>m1 ,no4 #b4 0 n2 ,no4 #a4   
sw>m$ on ! #bi? ( ,may1  & has s9ce v   
ne>ly fill$ two small hives4 ,! sw>m has
 also  fill$ two small hives1 & is n[   
fill+ a ?ird2 a box has )9 a  few days1 
be5 plac$ betwe5 ! l>ge hive & ! small  
"o1 :i*  9 all probability1 w be fill$1 
%\ld ! wea!r cont9ue dry &  w>m = ano!r 
week2 ,no4 #b4 :i* has n sw>m$1 has giv5
 already  "o small hive conta9+ sixte5  
p\nds1 & ano!r f\rte5 p\nds  ( f9e      
honeycomb1 z is n[ fill+ ?ree o!r small 
hives z fa/  z possible4    ,s9ce       
receiv+ ! above communication1 ,i h     
witness$ ! progress  made by a s+le /ock
 pur*as$ la/ ye> by a beg9n]4 ,8 ,api>y 
is  at ! extreme we/ po9t ( ?is t[n1 )9 
a few paces ( ! place  :]e ! celebrat$  

,api>ian1 ,mr4 ,geo4 ,hubb>d kept 8     
bees1 &  :o1 9 #agia1 receiv$ f !       
,society ( ,arts _! gold m$al1 =  8     
skilful managem5t ( !m2 ?is g5tleman has
 n[ ?ree excell5t  /ocks1 & has already 
tak5 a box ( f9e honeycomb ( t5 p\nds1 a
  small hive ( fifte5 p\nds & two o!rs  
are fill+2 & all !  produce ( an outlay 
( t5 or twelve %ill+s less ?an a ye>    
ago1  mak+1 s9ce t "t a pr(it ( v ne>ly 
sev5 hundr$ p] c5t4    ,i mu/ n aga9    
take leave ( my fri5ds & ! public1 )\t  
express+ myself gratifi$ by ! v flatt]+ 
& k9d mann]  9 :i* ?is little treatise  
has be5 notic$1 bo? by ! public  j\rnals
 z well z by private fri5ds4      ,bury 
,/4 ,edmund's1          ,july #bnd1     
#ahdf4                                  
,,cont5ts4                              
,*apt] ,i4                              
,,page      ,situation ( an ,api>y &    
directions = plac+ ! ,hives             
#a                                      
,*apt] ,,ii4      ,directions = ,pur*as+
 ,bees                                  

#aj                                     
,*apt] ,,iii4      ,mat]ials ( :i*      
,hives %\ld be made1 & ! ,improv$       
,cottage       ,hive describ$           
#ae                                     
,*apt] ,,iv4      ,me?od ( plac+ !      
,small ,hive1 ,box1 or ,glass1 ^u !     
,improv$       ,cottage ,hive1 by :i*   
means f9e ,honey may be obta9$ )\t      
de/roy+ ! ,bees                         
#ba                                     
,*apt] ,v4      ,prop] "t = tak+ away ! 
,box1 & h[ to expel ! ,bees f       x   
#cj                                     
,*apt] ,,vi4      ,me?od to be pursu$ 9 
case a ,sw>m %\ld leave ! ,hive1 aft]   
hav+ comm5c$ work+ 9 ! ,box             
#cg                                     
,*apt] ,,vii4      ,me?od ( unit+       
,second & ,?ird ,sw>ms                  
#da                                     
,*apt] ,,viii4      ,mann] ( unit+      
,sw>ms & ,old ,/ocks 9 ,autumn      7&  
page #e ( preface7                      
#df                                     

,*apt] ,,ix4      ,mann] ( ,fe$+ weak   
,/ocks1 & ! "t mo/ appropriate =        
?is op]ation                            
#ed                                     
,*apt] ,x4      ,food prop] = weak      
,hives                                  
#eh                                     
,*apt] ,,xi4      ,enemies ( ,bees1 &   
means ( ov]com+ !m                      
#fa                                     
,*apt] ,,xii4      ,directions = ,hiv+  
,sw>ms3 & ! prop] "t = plac+            
glasses ^u !m                           
#fh                                     
,*apt] ,,xiii4      ,description ( !    
,knife = cutt+ out ! ,combs             
#gf                                     
,*apt] ,,xiv4      ,rem$ies1 propos$ z  
,cures1 = ! ,/+s ( ,bees                
#gh                                     
,*apt] ,,xv4      ,means ( prev5t+ !    
,bees f be+ ,/ol5 especially 9 !        
,c\ntry                                 
#hb                                     
,*apt] ,,xvi4      ,me?od ( dislodg+    

,bees f ,trees or ,build+s1 & put !m    
into ,hives                             
#he                                     
,*apt] ,,xvii4      ,description (      
,nutt's ,newly ,inv5t$ ,hive = obta9+ ! 
,honey       )\t de/roy+ ! ,bees        
#hi                                     
,*apt] ,,xviii4      ,! ,api>ian's      
,mon?ly ,manual1 or ,h9ts = ! ,managem5t
 ( ,bees       = e mon? 9 ! ye> ^u !    
,depriv+ ,sy/em                         
#if                                  ,,!
 ,,bee ,,keep]',s ,,guide4              
,,*apt] ,i4    ,situation ( an ,api>y1 &
 directions = plac+ ! ,hives4      ,i h 
no hesitation 9 say+1 t a ,s\? aspect is
 decid$ly  pref]able to any o!r         
situation = an ,api>y4 ,i h tri$ v>i\s  
aspects1 b ! ,bees 9 ! ,s\? ,i h always 
f\nd to be !  heal?ie/1 & to collect !  
l>ge/ quantity ( honey4 ,x is v         
important t ! hives be %elt]$ f ! w9d by
 trees or h\ses1  & t !y are n plac$ 9 !
 vic9ity ( ponds or l>ge riv]s1  = high 
w9ds w da% !m into ! wat]1 :]e numb]s w 

p]i%4    ,x 0 ! op9ion ( ! anci5ts1 t   
,bees1 9 w9dy wea!r1  c>ri$ weights to  
prev5t !m f be+ driv5 ab\t by x4 ,virgil
  says1        ,t ) light pebbles1 l a  
balanc$ boat1      ,pois$ ?r\gh ! air on
 ev5 p9ions float4                      
,so!rby's ,georgics4    ,?is is n[      
asc]ta9$ to be errone\s1 & is ascrib$1  
by ,swamm]dam  & ,reaumur to prec$+     
obs]v]s hav+ mi/ak5 ! ,mason ,bee1 = a  
,hive ,bee2 ! =m] builds its ne/ aga9/ a
 wall1 ) a composition  ( gravel & its  
own saliva1 & :5 freight$ ) ! =m]       
article1 may easily h l$ a c>eless      
obs]v] into ! errone\s  op9ion allud$   
to4 ,! ,abbe della ,rocca appe>s to h   
fall5 into1  & p]petuat$1 ! same error4 
,?\gh l>ge ponds are v injuri\s1 a small
 /ream is b5eficial  to !m1 :i* if !y   
are n suppli$ )1 wat] mu/ be giv5  !m1 =
 x is absolutely necess>y1 & ent]s1 z   
mu* z honey &  f>9a1 into ! composition 
) :i* !y n\ri% ! brood4 ,!  plan t ,i h 
= _m ye>s adopt$1 is to fill an unglaz$ 
e>!n  pan1 eighte5 in*es by eight1 f\r  

in*es deep1 & squ>e at !  sides1 ) wat]1
 ^u ! surface ( :i* floats a v ?9 deal  
bo>d p]=at$ ) holes1 a qu>t] ( an in* 9 
diamet] & ab\t  an in* di/ant f ea* o!r2
 9 ,spr+ & ,summ]1 ! ,bees may be  se5  
com+ 9 great numb]s to dr9k1 or r to    
c>ry wat] into  _! hives1 to mix ) !    
f>9a !y collect s abundantly at ?is     
season ( ! ye> = food = _! "y4 ,9 my    
op9ion1 ,dr4 ,bevan  says v ju/ly1 t !  
,api>y %\ld be ne> ! resid5ce ( !       
proprietor1 z well = ! purpose ( r5d]+ !
 ,bees tractable1  & well acqua9t$ ) !  
family1 z = af=d+ a good view (  _!     
g5]al proce$+s4    ,i am a decid$ enemy 
to ,bee h\ses ( all k9ds1 = !y are !    
means ( caus+ ! ru9 ( a great numb] (   
hives1 by af=d+ a  home to _! wor/      
enemies1 viz43 mice1 mo?s1 spid]s1      
e>wigs1 &  v>i\s o!r insects1 ?\s&s die 
f imprisonm5t1 & _m hives  are de/roy$  
by humidity4 ,! me?od ( plac+ sev]al    
hives ^u !  same b5* is also v injuri\s1
 x v mu* facilitates pilf]+1  & r5d]s x 
impossible to op]ate ^u "o hive1 )\t    

di/urb+  ! o!rs4    ,! hives %\ld be    
plac$ ^u sep>ate bo>ds1 support$ by s+le
  p$e/als f\r or five in*es 9 diamet]1  
firmly plac$ 9 ! gr\nd1  & /&+ ab\t     
fifte5 in*es f ! surface1 7see fig4 #a4 
plate  #a27 ^u ! top ( ?is po/ %\ld be  
nail$ firmly a bo>d n9e  in*es squ>e1 ^u
 :i* %\ld be plac$ ! bo>d ! hive /&s    
^u1 b n nail$1 ! d\ble bo>ds w be f\nd v
 conv5i5t  = weigh+ or remov+ ! hives1  
)\t di/urb+ ! ,bees4    ,on no acc\nt   
use clay or mort> z is usually done to  
secure ! hive  to ! bo>d1 ! ,bees (     
!mselves w d x m effectually2#a  clay or
 mort> t5ds v mu* to decay ! hives1 & to
 h>b\r mo?s  & o!r insects2 ea* hive    
%\ld be cov]$ ) a l>ge milk-pan1  & be  
well pa9t$ e ye>1 = hives manag$ ^u !   
,depriv+  ,sy/em1 are expect$ to /& f   
fifte5 to tw5ty ye>s4    ,footnote #a3  
,?is fact1 ?\gh x has be5 d5i$ by ^? :o 
pr(ess  to h _h mu* exp]i5ce 9 !        
managem5t ( ,bees1 is kn[n to  e novice 
9 ,api>ian sci5ce1 = he does n suff] mu*
 "t to  pass1 aft] hav+ pur*as$ a sw>m (

 ,bees1 )\t endeav\r+ to  asc]ta9 h[ mu*
 honey !y h collect$1 & f9ds !          
difficulty  ( sep>at+ ! hive f ! bo>d ^u
 :i* x 0 plac$4    ,! hives %\ld be     
plac$ ab\t ?ree feet ap>t f ea* o!r1 &  
9 a "r l9e2 b %\ld ! numb] be too great 
to all[ ( ?is  arrangem5t1 & r5d] two   
r[s necess>y1 !y mu/ n be less ?an      
fifte5 feet asund]1 & ^? 9 ! front r[   
int]sect+ ! l9e  =m$ by ! h9d] "o4    ,!
 bo>ds on :i* ! hives are plac$1 %\ld be
 clean$ ab\t f\r  times 9 !             
ye>--,janu>y1 ,m>*1 ,april & ,novemb]1  
mu* "t &  tr\ble w be sav$ ! ,bees      
!reby4    ,plants :i* rise 9 height     
equal to or exce$+ ! entrance ( !       
hives1 %\ld n be suff]$ to gr[ 9 _!     
imm$iate vic9ity1 &  e facility %\ld be 
remov$ by :i* ! enemies ( ! ,bees c     
asc5d into ! hives4    ,/ill1 h[ev]1 a  
few %rubs or /&>d roses ( f\r or five   
feet may  ) advantage be plac$ eight or 
t5 paces 9 front ( ! hives1 =  ! ,bees  
to alight ^u 9 _! return home1 :5       
heavily lad5 )  honey & poll5--x saves  

_! fall+ to ! gr\nd f ! weight  ( _!    
load1 :i* !y frequ5tly d1 & 9           
unfav\rable wea!r to  rise no m4 ,x 0   
see+ !m re/ 9 ?is mann] t gave rise to  
! foll[+ l9es3--        ,re/ on t       
,rose's leaf a:ile1 ?\ little ,busy     
,bee1      ,?\ ha/ w+$ ?y way ) ?\s&s1 !
 w&'r+1 ! free4      ,unwe>i$ ) ?y      
ceaseless toil 9 se>* = future /ore1    
,?\'rt come back to unlade ?y sweets1 !n
 sally =? = m4        ,?\'/ be5 among ! 
fl['rs ( gold1 _! kiss is on !e yet1    
,& o'er ?y ri*ly p[d]$ w+s h[ _m hues   
are met4      ,t tell ( revell+ at !    
f\nts ( nect>'s lusci\s tide1      ,(   
honey-dews t re/ ^u ea* petal's glossy  
side4        ,:]e ha/ ?\ be5 s9ce !     
bright morn fir/ saw !e on ?y way       
',mong sc5t$ bri] & glitt]+ hea? t woo'd
 ?y l+]+ /ay8      ,ha/ ?\ no voice to  
tell u ( ! f>-(f v]dant sc5es1      ,( !
 ri* limes ?\ lovs't s well1 & ( !      
fre%'n+ /reams4        ,away6 away6 once
 m ?\'rt up & e'er ! leaf be /ill'd4    
,to its s(t re/ f ! trembl+ t ?y light  

=m has ?rill'd1      ,?\l't be aga9     
among ?y loves1 ! fragrant1 ! bright1   
,all jeal\s ( _! hidd5 sweets1 9 murmur+
 delight4    ,i h always f\nd !         
advantage ( plant+1 9 ! vic9ity ( my    
hives1 a l>ge quantity ( ! common k9ds (
 crocus1 s+le blue  hipatica1 heleborus 
nig]1 & tussilago petasites1 all ( :i*  
fl[]  v e>ly & are ri* 9 honey & f>9a3  
salvia nemorosa1 7( ,dr4  ,smi?7 :i*    
fl[]s v e>ly 9 ,june & la/s all ! summ]1
 is  9 an extraord9>y mann] s\ght aft]  
by ! ,bees1 & :5 room  is n an object1  
tw5ty or ?irty squ>e y>ds ( x may be    
gr[n  ) advantage2 origanum humile1     
origanum rubesc5s1 7( ,hawor?7 &        
mignonette may also be gr[n2 cultivation
 beyond ?is1 exclusively  = ,bees1 ,i   
believe answ]s v little purpose4 ,cscuta
 s95sis is  a great favorite ) !m2 & !  
pretty little plant anacamps]os         
populifolium1 :5 9 fl[]1 is lit]ally    
cov]$ by !m--honey  itself appe>s n to  
possess m attractions = !m ?an ?is      
plant4    ,doctor ,bevan says3 ,to ^?   

:o1 resid+ 9 t[ns1 may consid]  x       
indisp5sable to ! success ( an ,api>y1 t
 x %\ld be 9  ! imm$iate vic9ity ( good 
pa/urage1 & be !reby det]r$  f b5efit+ &
 amus+ !mselves by keep+ ,bees2 x may be
  satisfactory to le>n t ! ,api>y ( !   
celebrat$ ,bonn] 0  situat$ 9 a g>ret1 9
 ! c5tre ( ,glasg[1 :]e x fl\ri%$  =    
sev]al ye>s1 & furni%$ him ) ! means (  
mak+ _m  int]e/+ & valuable obs]vations 
:i* he gave to ! _w ab\t  ?irty ye>s    
ago4    ,my own exp]i5ce also proves !  
tru? ( ! above /atem5t1  resid+ myself =
 f\r ye>s 9 ! c5tre ( a l>ge t[n1 9 a   
h\se )\t a g>d51 ,i kept two /ocks (    
,bees 9 my /udy1 9  glass1 & f\r or five
 o!rs 9 ! improv$ cottage hive ^u !  ro(
 ( my h\se1 & ,i am n aw>e t !y h ev]   
done bett]1  or af=d$ me a l>g] quantity
 ( honey1 9 any o!r situation4          
,,*apt] ,,ii4                           
,directions = pur*as+ ,bees4      ,! be/
 "t to e/abli% an ,api>y is f ! middle (
 ,febru>y  to ! middle ( ,m>*1 ! /ocks w
 h pass$ 9 safety ?r\gh  ! w9t]1 ! combs

 are !n empty ( brood1 light ( honey1 & 
!  removal safe & easy4 ,/ocks %\ld be  
select$ by a compet5t judge1  z ! weight
 alone _c be reli$ on1 a sw>m ( ! prec$+
 ye>  %\ld be select$1 & "o t conta9s n 
less ?an twelve p\nds  ( honey2 !re are 
few commodities 9 :i* a p]son c be s    
easily  deceiv$ z 9 a hive ( ,bees4 ,i  
w\ld !re=e recomm5d ! "y  ,api>ian to   
take ! op9ion ( "s exp]i5c$ p]son be=e  
he makes  8 pur*ase1 a hive ( ! prec$+  
ye> c only be kn[n by a close           
inspection ( ! combs1 :i* b few p]sons h
 c\rage en\gh  to engage 92 if ! hive is
 n ( ! prec$+ ye> its weight is  no     
crit]ion ( its value1 = an old hive     
always conta9s a l>ge  quantity ( !     
poll5 or du/ ( fl[]s :i* ! ,bees c>ry   
home on  _! legs1 especially 9 ! ,spr+ &
 ,autumn1 x is an ess5tial  +r$i5t 9 !  
food ) :i* !y n\ri% _! "y1 b good  =    
no?+ else1 inde$ ! ,bees w die ( hung]  
^u ! combs  t are fill$ ) x2--,yet1 says
 ,gelieu1 !y lay up useless  ho>ds ( x1 
:i* !y g on augm5t+ e ye>1 & ?is is !   

only po9t on :i* !y c be accus$ ( a want
 ( t prud5ce &  =esight s admirable 9 e 
o!r respect4    ,! ,bees appe> to be    
aw>e ( ! p]i%able nature ( ?is          
sub/ance1 = !y nev] fill a cell entirely
 ) x1 b leave room  = a small quantity (
 honey 9 ea* cell conta9+ poll51 be=e x 
is seal$ up1 by ?is means ! air is mo/  
effectually exclud$1 &  ! poll5 pres]v$ 
= a consid]able "t2 %\ld1 h[ev]1 ! ,bees
  be compell$ to consume ! honey1 f ^?  
cells conta9+ poll51  be=e !y c make use
 ( x = _! "y1 x m\lds & become  ( no    
value1 & causes !m great lab\r to remove
 x4 ,=1 :5 9  ?is /ate1 !y h no means ( 
displac+ x b by eat+ away !  cells 9 :i*
 x is conta9$1 & convey+ x out ( _!     
hives 9  small pieces1 ab\t ! size (    
peas1 h>d & m\ldy4 ,i h se5 !  entrance 
( old hives 9 ! mon? ( ,april almo/     
fill$ up ) ^!  pellets ( m\ldy f>9a4 ,! 
process is t$i\s1 takes up mu* "t1  & ! 
ravages made by x ^u ! combs appe>      
irrep>able2 /ill  9 a %ort space ( "t1  
if ! wea!r is fav\rable1 ! combs are    

repair$1 z if no injury _h befall5 !m1 &
 fill$ ) honey  or brood4 ,x is a v     
heavy sub/ance1 s t if weight be ! only 
crit]ion1 f>9a w be pur*as$ in/ead (    
honey1 !re=e 9 !  pur*ase ( old /ocks x 
w be necess>y !y %\ld weigh eight  p\nds
 m ?an sw>ms ( ! prec$+ ye>2 9 ! pur*ase
 (  sw>ms less exp]i5ce is necess>y1 &  
by att5d+ to ! foll[+  rules1 ! "y      
,api>ian w n be impos$ ^u3--    #a/4 ,t 
! sw>m be pur*as$ be=e ! #ad? ( ,june1 !
 long]  be=e t "t ! bett]4    #bndly4 ,t
 x does n weigh less ?an ?ree p\nd & a  
half4 ,i h  kn[n "s sw>ms to weigh six  
p\nds1 b ?is is ( r>e occurr5ce4    ,x  
is v important to obs]ve1 t :5 a sw>m ( 
,bees is pur*as$  x mu/ be remov$ to !  
place 9 :i* x is to rema91 ^u !  ev5+ ( 
! day x sw>m$1 = %\ld ! removal be      
delay$ ev5  till ! next day1 ! combs w 9
 all probability be brok5 & !  /ock     
de/roy$4    ,i %\ld recomm5d ! pur*as]  
to s5d 8 own hive to ! p]son  ( :om he  
int5ds to buy a sw>m1 & to desire him n 
to put any  /icks across ! int]ior ( !  

hive1 z is ! usual cu/om1 =  !y cause   
mu* tr\ble to ! ,bees 9 =m+ _! combs1 & 
r5d]  _! extraction almo/ impossible4 ,!
 prosp]ity ( ! hive w  mu* 7p]haps      
entirely7 dep5d ^u its be+ f9ally plac$ 
^u !  ev5+ ( ! day x sw>m$4             
,,*apt] ,,iii4              ,mat]ials ( 
:i* ,hives %\ld be made1 & !            
,improv$ ,cottage ,hive describ$4       
,mu* has be5 said ) respect to !        
mat]ials ( :i* ,hives %\ld  be made1 &  
exp]i5ce has long det]m9$1 t /raw & wood
 are  ! be/4 ,mr4 ,hui%1 to :om ,i am   
indebt$ = "s useful in=mation  9        
,api>ian sci5ce1 says1 ,( all ! mat]ials
 :i* h be5  select$ = ! =mation ( a     
,hive1 ,i conceive no "o to be m        
eligible ?an /raw4 ,gelieu1 to ^:       
exp]i5ce z an ,api>ian ,i  am dispos$ to
 pay ! greate/ respect1 & ^: "w conta9+ 
,practical ,directions = ! ,managem5t & 
,pres]vation ( ,hives1#b  ,i w\ld       
recomm5d to e keep] ( ,bees1 says1 7:5  
speak+ ( wood  & /raw z mat]ials prop] =
 ,hives7 exp]i5ce has %[n me1 t  x is a 

matt] ( indiff]5ce :i* are employ$2     
except z to price1  accord+ z ei!r      
mat]ial may be m or less abundant 9     
diff]5t  p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,i h = sev5te5
 ye>s possess$ a ,nutt's  hive1 :i* is  
made ( wood1 7& :i* ,i %all h occasion  
h]eaft]  to m5tion17 )\t be+ able to    
discov] any diff]5ce 9 !  heal? &       
activity ( ! ,bees2 b ! facility &      
economy 9 !  con/ruction ( /raw hives1  
mu/ always be a recomm5dation1 z x is  9
 e article connect$ ) rural economy4    
,footnote #b3 ,! ',bee ,pres]v]1' by    
,jonas ,de ,gelieu1 rec5tly  translat$ f
 ! ,fr5*4    ,x has be5 always my       
practice to pa9t my ,hives1 bo? wood &  
/raw1  at lea/ once 9 ! ye>1 & ,i w\ld  
/rongly recomm5d all p]sons  to d !     
same4 ,april ,i ?9k is ! be/ "t1 & if   
done aft] six  o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 n !    
lea/ inconv5i5ce w arise ei!r  to !     
pa9t] or to ! ,bees4    ,hav+ decid$ ^u 
! mat]ials ( :i* ,hives %\ld be made1 _!
  =m is next to be consid]$2 = a /raw   
hive1 ,i w\ld recomm5d !  foll[+ size1  

n9e in*es deep & twelve 9 diamet]1      
/raight at  ! sides & flat at ! top1#c 9
 %ape l a half bu%el measure1  a hole   
%\ld be made 9 ! top ( f\r in*es1 & a   
piece ( /raw  l>ge en\gh to cov] x mu/  
be fa/5$ on ) skew]s1 7see fig4  #c1    
plate #a17 n to fit 9 b to cov] ov]1 !  
diamet] ( !  piece ( /raw be+ at lea/   
two in*es m ?an t ( ! op5+  at ! top ( !
 hive1 x w be mu* easi] tak5 (f1 & !    
combs  ( sw>ms ( a few weeks /&+ w n be 
injur$ by its removal1  :i* 9 fav\rable 
seasons %\ld always h a glass1 or small 
hive  put ^u !m1 ! e>ly ones especially2
 an entrance ( two in*es by  "o1 mu/ be 
cut 9 ! bottom ( ! hive1 to :i* ,i affix
 a piece  ( copp] ( ab\t six in*es by   
?ree1 hav+ a grove1 to admit two  slid+ 
copp] plates1 "o p]=at$1 & ! o!r hav+ a 
hole  l>ge en\gh to all[ b "o ,bee to   
come out at a "t1 7see fig4 #aj1  plate 
#b47d ,i h f\nd great advantage aris+ f 
?is little  app>atus4    ,illu/ration   
,footnote #c3 ,! ,qu>t]ly ,review1 (    
,decemb]1 #ahdb1 page #be1 :5  speak+ ( 

my hive1 says1 ! only fault1 seems to be
 its flat  top4 ,n[ ! advantages ( a    
flat top are 9 my op9ion v great2  fir/1
 ! ease ) :i* ! ,bees atta* _! combs to 
x1 :5  comp>$ to a dome top2 secondly1 !
 facility giv5 to1 cutt+ out  ! combs1  
:5ev] t op]ation becomes necess>y1 &1   
?irdly1  ! conv5i5ce :i* x (f]s = plac+ 
glasses or boxes ^u x4  ,& ,i am n aw>e 
( b "o inconv5i5ce1 :i* c possibly arise
  f x1 :i* is ! s9k+ ( ! top1 f ! heavy 
weight ( !  glasses1 or boxes ( honey1  
:i* ye> by ye> x af=ds1 b ?is1  h[ev]1  
is entirely obviat$ by ! use ( ! adapt]1
 7fig4 #g47 z  recomm5d$1 *ap4 iv41 page
 #ba4    ,footnote #d3 ,in/ead ( two    
slid+ plates1 ,i w\ld recomm5d "o only  
z giv5 by ,mr4 ,taylor1 9 8             
,bee-,keep]'s ,manual1 lately publi%$1  
= z !y _c bo? be us$ at ! same "t1 ! "o 
out ( use is  frequ5tly misplac$4 ,z9c  
answ]s ! purpose equally ) copp]1 &  is 
b half its price4    ,! f9ely p]=at$    
slid] is us$ to conf9e ! ,bees to _!    
hive  :5 sn[ lies ^u ! gr\nd1 !         

reflection ( :i*1 :5 ! sun  %9es ^u x1  
nev] fails to induce !m to leave _!     
hives1 &  fall+ ^u x !y p]i%1 = a ,bee  
becomes torpid at a temp]ature  ( #cb4  
,! slid] ) "o hole only1 is useful bo? 9
 ,spr+ &  ,autumn1 prev5t+ ei!r robb]s  
or wasps f ent]+ ! hives1  = ?ree or f\r
 ,bees w1 ) ! help ( ?is slid]1 gu>d !  
entrance m effectually ?an t5 times !   
numb] )\t x4    ,al?\gh ,i h recomm5d$  
,bees to be conf9$ 9 _! hives s long  z 
sn[ rema9s ^u ! gr\nd1 x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be
 v prejudicial  to !m if c>ri$ on beyond
 t "t1 = ,i nev] saw ,bees heal?y  &    
/rong aft] be+ %ut up ?r\gh ! w9t]4     
,gelieu1 says1 ,bees h no real disease1 
dys5t]y1 ab\t :i* s  mu* noise has be5  
made1 & = :i* s _m rem$ies h be5        
prescrib$1 nev] attacks ! ,bees ( a     
well-/ock$ hive1 t is  left op5 at all  
seasons1 b ^? only t are too long & too 
closely conf9$4 ,!y are always 9 good   
heal? z long z !y are at  lib]ty1 :5 !y 
are w>m en\gh & h pl5ty ( food4 ,all _! 
pret5d$ diseases are ! result ( cold1   

hung]1 or ! infection  produc$ by a too 
close & long conf9em5t dur+ w9t]4       
,,*apt] ,,iv4    ,me?od ( plac+ ! small 
,hive1#e ,box1 or ,glass1 ^u ! ,improv$ 
,cottage ,hive1 by :i* means f9e ,honey 
may be obta9$1 )\t    de/roy+ ! ,bees4  
,footnote #e3 ,to avoid repetition1 we  
%all 9 future use ! t]m1  ,box1 to      
express any receptacle employ$ to obta9 
,honey on !  ,improv$ ,sy/em1 :e!r x be 
9 wood1 glass1 /raw1 or any o!r         
mat]ial4      ,at ! end ( ,april1 or v  
e>ly 9 ! mon? ( ,may1 take !  moveable  
piece ( /raw1 f ! top ( ! ,improv$      
,cottage ,hive1  7fig4 #c17 & place ^u x
 ! adapt]1 7fig4 #e17 !n put ! ,box or  
small ,hive 7fig4 #g1 & #d17 ^u ?is     
adapt]1 & cov] ! :ole  ) a milk-pan1 to 
def5d !m f wet4 ,a glass may be us$     
in/ead  ( ! small ,hive or ,box1 ) equal
 success1 provid+ x be cov]$  ) some?+ t
 w effectually exclude light2 a cov] (  
/raw1  is p]haps pref]able to any o!r4  
,! boxes :i* ,i use1 & t ,i w\ld        
recomm5d1 are made ( in*  deal3 n9e     

in*es squ>e1 & eight in*es deep1 inside 
measure3 )  a piece ( glass six in*es by
 sev5 & a half1 let 9 on "o side  &     
cov]$ by a %utt] to exclude ! light4 ,! 
small hives are 9  diamet] eight in*es1 
& sev5 in*es deep1 ) a bit ( glass on   
"o side1 "s are made ) a hole 9 ! top1 t
 !y may1 :5  requir$ be plac$ betwe5 a  
glass p>tially fill$1 & ! /ock hive4    
,:5 ! ,bees are beg9n+ to "w 9 a glass1 
a cold night g5]ally  obliges !m to     
=sake _! newly made combs1 s5ds !m d[n  
into  ! hive1 & compels !m to discont9ue
 _! lab\rs :i* are  seldom resum$ till !
 middle ( ! next day2 to prev5t ?is     
delay1 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! space betwe5 !
 glass & its cov] to  be fill$ ) f9e t[ 
or wool1 ! temp]ature ( ! glass be+     
!reby kept up1 & ! ,bees enabl$ to c>ry 
on _! lab\rs )\t  int]ruption4 ,! latt] 
is to be pref]r$1 x be+ n s good a      
conductor ( heat z ! =m]4    ,exp]i5ce  
has prov$ t ! milk-pan is ! be/ ( all   
protections  = a hive1 provid$ x be six 
in*es 9 diamet] l>g] ?an ! hive  itself4

    ,:5 ! ,box is fill$ ) honey1 & !    
combs p>tially seal$1 or  :5 ! ,bees are
 se5 to clu/] at ! m\? ( ! ,hive1 at n9e
  or t5 o'clock 9 ! morn+1 let no "t be 
lo/ 9 lift+ up !  ,box1 & plac+ betwe5 x
 & ! ,/ock-hive1 ano!r ,box ) a hole  9 
! top2 ! adapt] 7fig4 #e47 w be f\nd v  
useful 9 ?is  op]ation4 ,x is necess>y  
to use ?is precaution at all times1 b  m
 especially 9 a ra9y season1 z a great] 
disposition among/  ! ,bees to sw>m !n  
prevails4 ,dry wea!r makes pl5ty (      
honey1  & moi/1 ( sw>ms4#f ,h[ev]       
incorrect ?is position may at fir/      
sight appe>1 ! att5tive obs]v] w quickly
 become conv9c$ (  its tru?4            
,footnote #f3 ,pur*as1 on ,sw>ms4       
,s9ce ! publication ( ! ,fir/ ,edition (
 ?is little ,treatise1  _m p]sons h said
 to me1 _! ,bees w\ld sw>m1 al?\gh !    
small hive _h be5 plac$ on z direct$    
above1 & sometimes aft]  !y _h comm5c$  
work+ 9 x1 ! reason = :i*1 9 my op9ion  
is1 t ! second small hive 0 n suppli$   
soon en\gh1 = !  l has nev] 9 a s+le    

in/ance occurr$ ) my own ,bees4 ,i h  n 
_h a sw>m ^! tw5ty ye>s1 f any ( ! hives
 work$ ^u  ! ,depriv+ ,sy/em1           
occasionally ,i h compell$ a hive to    
sw>m1  to fill up a vacancy 9 my numb]1 
:]e ! ,que5 has di$1 or "s  o!r accid5t 
de/roy$ ! /ock4    ,! population ( a    
hive increases rapidly 9 ,april & ,may1 
&  consequ5tly ! int]nal temp]ature     
rises 9 proportion1 a v high  temp]ature
 causes sw>m+1 7,mr4 ,nutt says #acj7   
al?\gh ! ,bees  may h abundance (       
room--,i h frequ5tly se5 a glass lamp t 
has no op5+ at ! top1 plac$ ^u a hive1 &
 ! result has be5  t ! ,bees sw>m$ be=e 
!y _h fill$ x4 ,if bo? room &           
v5tilation are c>efully att5d$ to1 sw>m+
 may be prev5t$  altoge!r1 & t ! "o may 
be z completely "u ! control (  !       
proprietor z ! o!r1 ,i w\ld recomm5d    
,mr4 ,taylor's ,v5tilator1  :i* ,i      
believe to be a p]fect "o1 = :5 prop]ly 
arrang$1 x  w r$uce ! temp]ature ( a    
hive at ! sw>m+ season1 f t5  to tw5ty  
degrees 9 a few m9utes--,i w\ld recomm5d

 its ins]tion 9  ! top ( ! small hive1  
box1 or glass1 be=e x is plac$ ^u !     
l>g] "o4    ,! ,v5tilator ,i use1 says  
,mr4 ,taylor1 7& ,i h made !m (  v>i\s  
=ms7 consi/s ( d\ble tubes1 bo? re/+ on 
a flau* 9  ! holes prep>$ = !m1 ! out]  
tube is ( "o in* diamet] &  six in*es   
long1 ) six half-in* holes disp]s$ ov]  
x4    ,illu/ration    ,x is soon fix$   
d[n 9 its place by ! ,bees1 & s mu/     
rema91  ! inn] tube is ( p]=at$ z9c1 )  
a#g t9 project+ top  z a h&le1 & a cap  
to put on or (f ?is z requir$4 ,! ,bees 
w /op up ! inn] tube :]e !y c get at x1 
:5 x may be  turn$ r\nd a little to     
pres5t a new surface4 ,:5 :olly /opp$1  
x may be )drawn f its place1 & a clean  
tube sub/itut$4 ,?is  may be done )\t ! 
lea/ dang] to ! op]ator1 b x %\ld  be   
ins]t$ c>efully1 to avoid cru%+ any     
,bees t may h crept  )9 ! out] tube1 an 
exit to ^! is af=d$ by ! hole at !      
bottom4 ,! sub/ance ) :i* ,bees glue up 
all crevices & atta*  _! combs is call$ 
,propolis--a res9\s exudation f c]ta9   

trees1 ( a fragrant smell1 & removable  
by ! aid ( hot wat]4    ,footnote #g3 ,9
 adopt+ ,mr4 ,taylor's ,v5tilator to !  
small hive1 !  inn] tube mu/ be made )\t
 ! project+ top z a h&le1 &  ! cap made 
ev5 ) ! flau*4    ,9 ord] occasionally  
to "k ! temp]ature ( any ( ! boxes1 a   
!rmomet] made to fit ! v5tilator may be 
ins]t$ 9 x4 ,?is is  *iefly useful z a  
matt] ( precaution t[>ds ! sw>m+ season4
    ,"s h ?\ght x necess>y to cut holes 
9 ! floor-bo>d1 or  h plac$ draw]s      
und]nea?1 to aid ! v5tilation1 b ,i h   
always f\nd ! m\? ( ! hive suffici5t =  
all purposes4    ,all op]ations except  
jo9+ sw>ms or /ocks1 %\ld be p]=m$ on  a
 f9e day1 ab\t noon1 !y may !n be done )
 mu* less annoyance  to ! ,bees1 z well 
z ) less *ance ( dang] to ! op]ator4    
,i h = "s ye>s pa/ p]=m$ almo/ all !    
op]ations requir$  9 ?is sy/em )\t !    
def5ce1 ev5 ( gloves1 b ,i w\ld n       
recomm5d any p]son to attempt x1 until  
he has _h sev]al ye>s'  exp]i5ce 9 !    
managem5t ( ,bees4    ,! be+ p]fectly   

def5d$ 9 e "p aga9/ _! /+s1 gives  t    
coolness & confid5ce to ! op]ator1 ^u   
:i* ! happy  accompli%m5t ( 8 int5tions 
s mu* dep5ds4 ,i _c too /rongly  urge1 t
 coolness & confid5ce on ! "p ( !       
op]ator are  ess5tial qualification1 =  
any ?+ approa*+ to hurry irritates  !m  
beyond measure2 inde$ :il/ engag$ ) !m !
 h& ought  nev] to be ha/ily remov$ f "o
 position to ano!r4 ,dr4 ,bevan  says1  
quietness is ! sure/ protection aga9/   
be+ /ung4    ,! be/ def5ce is a mask (  
wire1 v simil> to1 b mu* f9]  ?an a f5c+
 mask1 ) a rim ( t9 made to fit ! head1 
to :i*  a silk h&k]*ief is atta*$1 a    
pair ( ?ick wor/$ gloves1 &  /ock+s or  
gait]s ( ! same mat]ial2 /\t lea!r      
gloves are z  good protection z ^? (    
wor/$1 b lea!r1 f ! clos5ess (  its     
texture1 w n all[ ! ,bees to )draw _!   
/+s f x  & ! consequ5ce is1 t _m p]i%4  
,x is recomm5d$ to p]sons dur+ _!       
op]ations on ,bees1 to  c>efully avoid  
brea?+ ^u !m1 z no?+ is m (f5sive1  or m
 irritat+ to !m ?an ! human brea?2 ?is  

h[ev]1 is  p>tially obviat$ by clos+ !  
m\?1 & suff]+ ! brea? to  pass g5tly    
?r\gh ! noise1 by :i* a full curr5t is n
 all[$  to fall ^u !m4                  
,,*apt] ,v4                ,prop] "t =  
tak+ away ! ,box & h[ to                
expel ! ,bees f x4      ,:5 ! ,box is   
fill$ ) honey & ! combs all seal$ up1   
7:i*  w g5]ally be done ab\t ! middle ( 
,june7 x may be tak5 (f1  or x may rema9
 till ! "o plac$ b5ea? x is also seal$  
up1  :i* 9 all probability w be complet$
 by ! fir/ week 9 ,augu/4    ,^u ! v    
/rong & popul\s hives1 x is necess>y 9  
"s  seasons to place ev5 a ?ird1 :i* mu/
 be remov$ ) great  caution1 = at ?is "t
 ( ! ye> e /ock %\ld conta9 at  lea/    
tw5ty p\nds ( honey2 %\ld1 h[ev]1 ! /ock
 h t  quantity1 x may be safely remov$ &
 plac$ ^u a weak] "o1 =  ! combs n be+  
all seal$1 ! honey !re=e is n saleable4 
,! ,box tak5 (f1 mu/ be lift$ v g5tly at
 noon1 ^u a f9e day1  & c>ri$ =ty or    
fifty y>ds f ! hive2 place x ^u a bo>d  
or table1 rais+ x a little t room may be

 giv5 to ! ,bees to  make _! escape1 :i*
 !y w d 9 a v %ort "t4    ,mu*          
difficulty appe>s to h aris5 ) "s p]sons
 9 gett+  ! ,bees to leave ! ,box :5    
tak5 (f1 b 9 ?is z 9 all o!r  op]ations 
) ,bees1 g5tl5ess is v important1 inde$ 
x is !  only means ( accompli%+ ! end   
desir$1 & z ,i h be=e said1  ! ,box mu/ 
be lift$ v g5tly1 & plac$ ab\t six in*es
  f ! gr\nd1 or table1 ^u bricks1 fl[]  
pots1 or some?+ (  ! k9d4 ,%ak+1 beat+1 
or burn+ pap] "u x1 z is sometimes      
done1 h all a contr>y effect ^u ! ,bees1
 !y are al>m$ by x1  & w n leave ! box  
p]haps = days1 :5 ^! means h be5        
resort$ to4    ,! box be+ ?us plac$1 a  
l\d humm+ noise is fir/ he>d1 &  ! ,bees
 are !n se5 to leave x )9 five or six   
m9utes1 7all  except a few /raggl]s7 b  
%\ld ! ,que5 be 9 ! ,box1 7:i*  v r>ely 
happ5s7 q a diff]5t appe>ance pres5ts   
itself1 no  noise w be he>d1 or a ,bee  
sc>cely se5 to leave x1 b ! hive  f :i* 
x has be5 tak5 w 9 a v %ort "t appe> 9  
great  confusion4 ,:5ev] ?is occurs1 !  

,box mu/ be return$ imm$iately1  & tak5 
(f aga9 ! next day4    ,:5 a hive or    
glass ( honey is tak51 x ought n to be  
left till  ! ,bees are all out ( x1 = x 
is v likely to be attack$ by  robb]s1   
?us a great "p ( x w be c>ri$ away 9 a  
%ort "t1  & :at is left r5d]$ unfit =   
sale1 on acc\nt ( ! cells  be+ op5$1 f  
:i* ! honey w dra9 out1 ^u ! position ( 
! hive be+ *ang$4    ,robb]s may be kn[n
 by _! desire to ent] ! hive or glass1 !
  ,bees belong+ to x1 be+ sep>at$ f _!  
,que51 fly home  imm$iately ^u leav+ x4 
,9 tak+ (f a box ( honey x w be f\nd    
conv5i5t to pass a v  ?9 knife1 or f9e  
wire betwe5 ! hives or boxes int5d$ to  
be  sep>at$2 if t precaution be n tak51 
a piece ( comb frequ5tly  projects f !  
top ( ! "o left1 or ! bottom ( t tak51  
:i* causes mu* tr\ble to ! op]ator3 two 
adapt]s 7fig4 #e47  plac$ betwe5 ! boxes
 w be f\nd v conv5i5t1 = ! knife  or    
wire w only h to be pass$ betwe5 !m1 & !
 dang] (  break+ ! combs w be           
obviat$--!y %\ld be made ( mahogany1  = 

x w all[ ( be+ work$ v ?91 )\t ! risk ( 
w>p+2 !y are ?ree eights ( an in* ?ick1 
twelve in*es squ>e1  ) a circul> hole 9 
! middle f\r in*es 9 diamet]4    ,to    
expel ! bees f ! box or hive :5 tak5 (f1
 ,gelieu says1  ,take a hive or box ( ! 
same size1 place x ov] ! full "o t  is  
turn$ upside d[n1 b9d !m r\nd ) a napk91
 to int]cept all  passage to ! bees1 &  
=ce !m to asc5d into ! empty box1 by    
tapp+ g5tly on ! full "o4 ,!y soon g up 
into ! empty box1 &  :5 !y are all h\s$1
 replace !m on ! p>5t hive1 :5ce !y  7  
)drawn2 & if ! season is fav\rable & !  
honey abundant1  !y soon set to "w aga94
    ,honey tak5 by ?is me?od is         
ackn[l$g$ to be v sup]ior 9  quality to 
t obta9$ by ! usual b>b>\s & unpr(itable
  mann] ( burn+ ! ,bees1 :i* arises f ! 
combs 9 :i* x is  deposit$ be+ new &    
p]fectly :ite1 ! e>ly p]iod at :i* x  is
 collect$1 & f its be+ unmix$ ) honey   
ga!r$ lat] 9  ! season z well z f !     
,que5 v r>ely asc5d+ ?r\gh !  op5+ at ! 
top ( ! improv$ cottage hive1 t nei!r   

brood nor  f>9a are f\nd among/ x4      
,?is honey sells readily at two %ill+s a
 p\nd1 :il/ t obta9$  by burn+ ! ,bees1 
is sc>cely saleable at eightp5ce4    ,x 
is usual to obta9 f e good /ock tw5ty or
 p]haps ?irty  p\nds ( honey annually4  
,i once obta9$ =ty-five p\nds1 leav+  ! 
/ock ri* 9 honey4    ,x is frequ5tly    
ask$ :at becomes ( ! ,bees manag$ on ?is
 sy/em1  if !y are nev] suff]$ to sw>m  
nor are de/roy$2--! hives w  nev] conta9
 !m8 ,to :i* ,i w\ld reply1 t x is well 
kn[n  to ^? :o are conv]sant 9 ! c>e (  
,bees1 t _! numb]s  decrease greatly 9  
,autumn1 n only by ! de/ruction ( !     
drones1  b also by ! unavoidable dea?s (
 _m ( ! work+ ,bees1 ow+  to ! ?\s&     
accid5ts !y meet ) 9 ! fields1 & to     
age2#h  a mu* less space !re=e is want$ 
= !m 9 ! w9t] ?an 0  necess>y 9 ! summ]4
    ,footnote #h3 ,mr4 ,pur*as1 9 8     
,!atre ( ,political ,fly+ ,insects1     
publi%$ 9 #afeg--says1 x is manife/ t ! 
,honey ,bees are  b ye>ly creatures1 &  
:5 giv+ ! s5tim5ts ( ,ari/otle1  ,pl9y1 

,columella1 ,c>danus1 & o!rs1 he says1 !
 tru? is1  not)/&+ ^! m5's op9ion1 t    
,bees live b a ye> & a  qu>t] at mo/1 = 
^? ,bees t are se5 9 ,may1 lu/y1 full1  
br[n1 smoo?1 well w+$1 w1 by ! end (    
,july foll[+1  beg9 to )]1 become lesse1
 look gray1 & h _! w+s  tott]$1 & tom1 &
 bee all dead be=e ! end ( ,augu/4      
,,*apt] ,,vi4            ,me?od to be   
pursu$ 9 case a ,sw>m %\ld leave !      
,hive1 aft] hav+ comm5c$ work+ 9 ! ,box4
      ,?is is a circum/ance ( v r>e     
occurr5ce1 & m especially  :5 !         
directions giv5 9 ! =m] *apt] are       
/rictly compli$  )2 h[ev]1 %\ld x happ51
 let ! sw>m be hiv$ 9 ! usual  mann]    
into ! improv$ ,cottage ,hive1 7see fig4
 #c47 z direct$ 9  ,*apt] ,,xii1 :5 !   
,bees are settl$1 take (f ! moveable    
piece (  /raw f ! top ( ! hive1 & place 
^u x ! box p>tially  fill$ ) honey &    
,bees2 cov] ! old hive ) ! piece ( /raw 
belong+ to x1 & ! milk-pan1 z no fur!r  
pr(it 7except !  ca/ or second sw>m7 w  
be obta9$ till ! next season2 %\ld !    

proprietor be unwill+ to increase 8     
numb] ( /ocks1 ! sw>m may  be return$   
imm$iately to its p>5t hive2 ! process  
is v simple1  & ,i h always f\nd x      
succe$--z soon z ! sw>m is settl$1  turn
 ! hive bottom upw>ds1 & if ! ,que5 ,bee
 does n make h]  appe>ance 9 a few      
seconds1 da% ! ,bees out ^u a clo?1 or  
^u  a gravel walk1#i & ) a w9e glass %e 
may be easily captur$1  ^u ?is be+      
accompli%$1 ! ,bees w imm$iately return 
to _!  p>5t hive1 & resume _! lab\rs2 %e
 may also v easily be  tak+ dur+ !      
dep>ture ( a sw>m1 = %e appe>s to leave 
!  hive reluctantly & may be se5 runn+  
backw>ds & =w>ds ^u  ! alight+-bo>d be=e
 %e takes w+4    ,footnote #i3 ,! me?od 
( p]=m+ ?is op]ation1 consi/s 9  lift+ !
 hive g5tly ab\t a foot1 & ) a sm>t &   
sudd5 j>  return+ x to ! gr\nd1 s t !   
,bees be completely dislodg$  f ! hive1 
& left ^u ! clo?1 ! hive may n[ be      
remov$ to  a %ort di/ance1 & z ! ,bees  
are attempt+ to return to _!  =m]       
habitation1 ! ,que5 may be easily       

captur$4    ,a second sw>m g5]ally      
leaves ! hive ab\t n9e days aft] !      
fir/1 b ! "t may be exactly asc]ta9$ by 
/&+ quietly  beside ! hive aft] sunset1 
:5 ! ,que5 may be di/9ctly he>d  to tun'
 9 hir treble voic'1#aj :i* is a c]ta9  
indication t a  second sw>m w leave !   
hive4 ,%\ld two or ?ree ,que5s be he>d  
"o aft] ! o!r1 x w be on ! foll[+ day1  
if ! wea!r  be n v unfav\rable1 7= !    
second & ?ird sw>ms appe> to  h less    
reg>d z to ! wea!r ?an ! fir/47 ,%\ld ! 
,que5s  cont9ue to pipe aft] ! dep>ture 
( ! second sw>m1 a ?ird w  c]ta9ly foll[
 9 a few days1 b if "o or two ,que5s be 
f\nd dead  b5ea? ! hive on ! next morn+1
 no m sw>ms c be expect$4    ,footnote  
#aj3 ,butl]'s ,fem99 ,mon>*i1 ,edit4    
#afcd4    ,t ! old ,que5 accompanies !  
fir/ sw>m is e/abli%$ beyond  a d\bt2 t 
_m ,que5s are br$ 9 a hive1 a numb]     
sometimes  exce$+ ?irty 9 "o ye>1 is    
also asc]ta9$2 & t ! ,bees  h ! p[] (   
produc+ a ,que5 f an egg deposit$ 9 !   
combs  ( ! work+ ,bees1 by treat+ x 9 a 

diff]5t mann] to ^? t  are to become    
work]s1 has also be5 satisfactorily     
prov$1 all t  has be5 said beyond ?is1  
reg>d+ _! natural hi/ory1 mu/1 ,i       
believe be consid]$ pr9cipally          
conjecture4    ,x is1 h[ev]1 says a     
mod]n ,au?or1 n ! lea/ int]e/+ "p  ( !  
/udy ( ! ,bee1 t ?is app>5tly           
insignificant insect1 has  hi!rto baffl$
 all ! rese>* & +5uity ( man1 to discov]
 !  mann] ( its propagation2 analogy    
pres5ts no guide to ! solution  ( ?is   
secret1 & ! result ( e anatomical       
exp]im5t has  t5d$ r to my/ify !        
subject1 ?an to conduct u to ! road  to 
tru?1 & ,pur*as1 :o ,i h be=e quot$1    
says1 ,god humbles  u ) ignorance 9 _m  
?+s1 n only div9e b natural1 & 9  common
 use1 9 ! nature ( ,bees h[ bl9d are we1
 not)/&+ all  our obs]vations & lab\r1 9
 ! production & cont9uance ( !  ,que5   
,bee1 9 ! g5]ation ( o!r ,bees1 &       
g5]ally 9 ! =ms  ( all ?+s4             
,,*apt] ,,vii4                 ,me?od ( 
unit+ second & ?ird ,sw>ms4      ,second

 & ?ird ,sw>ms1 or ,ca/s & ,colts1 are  
seldom or ev] able to  collect a        
suffici5t quantity ( honey1 to support  
!mselves ?r\gh  ! w9t]1 & c only be     
pres]v$ by mu* c>e & exp5se1 &  mo/ ( !m
 die aft] all )\t br++ any pr(it4 ,x is 
mu*  bett] !re=e to unite !m 9 ! foll[+ 
mann]3--:5 two  ,ca/s or ,colts come (f 
^u ! same day1 hive !m sep>ately1  &    
leave !m till an h\r & half aft] sunset1
 !n spread a clo?  ^u ! gr\nd1 ^u :i* by
 a sm>t & sudd5 movem5t1 %ake  all !    
,bees out ( "o ( ! hives1 & imm$iately  
take ! o!r  & place x g5tly ov] ! ,bees 
t are heap$ toge!r ^u !  clo?1 & !y w   
in/antly asc5d into x1 & jo9 ^?1 :i*  n 
hav+ be5 di/urb$1 are quiet 9 _! new    
abode2 next morn+  be=e sunrise1 remove 
?is newly unit$ hive to ! place 9 :i* x 
is to rema92 ?is d\bl$ population w "w )
 d\ble success1  & 9 ! mo/ p]fect       
h>mony1 & g5]ally become a /rong /ock1  
f :i* mu* pr(it may be d]iv$4    ,two   
,ca/s or weak ,sw>ms may be jo9$ 9 !    
same mann]1 al?\gh  "o ( !m may h sw>m$ 

"s days or ev5 weeks lat] ?an !  o!r1   
tak+ c>e h[ev]1 n to make ! fir/ "o ent]
 ! second1  b ! second ! fir/1 a ?ird1 &
 a f\r? p>cel ( ,bees may be  jo9$ to !m
 at diff]5t times1 till ! /ock becomes  
/rong4    ,x is almo/ impossible        
suffici5tly to impress ^u ! m9d ( e     
p]son :o keeps ,bees1 ! necessity ( hav+
 8 /ocks all /rong1  = weak /ocks are v 
tr\blesome1 v exp5sive1 & seldom1 if    
ev]1 af=d any pr(it4    ,mr4 ,taylor    
say1 ! /rong] ! colony at ! outset !    
bett]  ! ,bees w "w1 & ! m prosp]\s x w 
become4 ,i nev]  knew a weak "o d well  
long1 & a little extra exp5se1 & tr\ble 
at fir/1 are amply rew>d$ by succe$+    
ye>s ( prosp]ity &  ultimate pr(it2 &   
aga91 ?us /r5g? 9 "o ye> begets x 9     
succe$+ ones1 & ?is pr9ciple ought to be
 borne 9 m9d by ^?  :o imag9e t !       
defici5t population ( "o season w be    
made up  9 ! next1 & t ! loss ( ,bees 9 
! w9t] is ( second>y  consequ5ce1 =gett+
 h[ influ5tial is _! w>m? to ! e>li]  & 
increas$ productive p[]s ( ! ,que51 & h[

 important x  is 9 ! op5+ spr+ to be    
able to sp>e f ! home duties (  ! hive a
 numb] ( collectors1 to add to ! /ores1 
:i* w\ld  o!rwise n keep pace ) ! crav+s
 ( ! ris+ g5]ation4    ,x is a rem>kable
 fact1 t two weak /ocks jo9$1 w collect 
d\ble ! quantity ( honey1 & consume mu* 
less ?an two ( !  same age & /r5g?1 kept
 sep>ately4 ,/ocks mu/ be jo9$ aft]     
sunset1 ^u ! day t "o ( !m has sw>m$1 or
 be=e sunrise  ! next morn+1 & ! d\bl$  
/ock mu/ be plac$ ^u ! /&  x previ\sly  
occupi$4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 n to    
%ake ! hive1  nor mu/ x be turn$ up1 !  
combs be+ new1 & t5d]1 w easily  break1 
& ! /ock by t means be de/roy$4         
,,*apt] ,,viii4             ,mann] (    
unit+ ,sw>ms & old /ocks 9 ,autumn4     
,= ?is v useful in=mation1 ,i am indebt$
 to t excell5t  ,api>ian1 ,gelieu2 ,i h 
tri$ x ^u "s ( my own /ocks1 z well  z  
^u ^? ( my fri5ds1 & h f\nd x 9 e       
in/ance fully  to answ] my expectations4
 ,p]sons possess+ ^! in/ructions %\ld  n
 all[ a weak /ock to rema9 ?r\gh ! w9t]4

    ,! op]ation is p]=m$ v easily & )\t 
dang]3 ,i h  frequ5tly accompli%$ x )\t 
any protection :atev]1 & ,i w  give !   
me?od 9 ! words ( ,gelieu--,:5 ! sw>ms h
 n be5  able to lay up a suffici5t      
provision dur+ ! f9e wea!r1 ,i weigh  !m
 at ! end ( ! season1 & kn[+ ! weight ( 
ea* empty  hive1 ,i c tell exactly !    
quantity ( honey !y h 9 /ore4 ,if  !y   
are ?ree1 f\r1 five or six p\nds too    
light1 ,i pres]ve !m  & fe$ !m 9 ! mann]
 ,i am ab\t to detail4 ,:5 ! sw>ms  h   
only ab\t "o-?ird or "o half ( !        
quantity ( honey :i*  w\ld suffice to   
fe$ !m1 ,i might keep !m alive by giv+  
!m  z mu* m z !y require4 ,i h frequ5tly
 done s1 b ,i h  already rem>k$ t ?is   
plan co/s too mu* honey1 & gives too    
mu* tr\ble3 &1 !re=e1 ,i g5]ally jo9 !m 
into "o4 ,= ?is  purpose1 ,i leave !    
heavie/ sw>m unt\*$1 &1 9 ! morn+ (  a  
f9e day 9 ,septemb]1 or ! beg9n+ (      
,octob]1 ,i comm5ce by  bl[+ a few :iffs
 ( tobacco-smoke ) my pipe 9 at ! door (
  ! hive ( ! lighte/ sw>m1 to disp]se ! 

s5t9els2 !n turn+  up ! hive1 & plac+ x 
on its top on ! gr\nd1 ,i give x a      
little m smoke1 to prev5t ! ,bees f     
becom+ irritat$1 & to  =ce !m to retire 
)9 ! combs--,i proce$ to cut out all !  
combs 9 succession1 beg9n+ ) ! smalle/1 
sweep+ ! ,bees  ) a fea!r (f ea* piece  
back into ! hive2 & !n ,i place !       
combs1 "o aft] ano!r1 into a l>ge di%   
beside me1 keep+ x1 at  ! same "t1      
c>efully cov]$ ov] ) a napk91 or small  
table  clo?1 to prev5t ! ,bees return+  
to _! combs1 or ! smell (  ! honey      
attract+ o!rs t may be fly+ ab\t4 ,! la/
 comb is  ! mo/ difficult to come at1   
be+ completely cov]$ ov] ) ,bees4  ,i   
deta* x1 h[ev]1 9 ! same way z ! o!rs1 b
 ) great]  precaution1 sweep+ ! ,bees (f
 v g5tly ) ! fea!r1 until  !re is n "o  
left on x4 ,?is op]ation1 ,i p]=m )\t   
gloves1  or any o!r protection1 arm$    
only ) my pipe2 & = t5 times  t ,i treat
 !m aft] ?is fa%ion1 ,i seldom receive  
"o /+1 ev5  :5 ,i act unassi/$4    ,!   
combs be+ all remov$1 ! sw>m rema9s z   

completely de/itute  ( food z x 0 on !  
day ( its emigration1 & ,i replace x on 
its bo>d 9 ! same spot x occupi$ :5     
full1 & leave x till  ! ev5+1 by :i* "t 
! ,bees w be clu/]$ toge!r l a  new     
sw>m4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! day1 :i* ,i %all 
suppose to be  f9e1 !y occupy !mselves )
 great e>ne/ness cleans+ _!  h\se1 &    
mak+ su* a noise 9 remov+ ! little      
fragm5ts ( wax  t h fall5 on ! bo>d1 t  
any "o :o did n "k x _h  be5 empti$1    
w\ld take x = ! be/ & /ronge/ ( ! hives4
  ,be=e night1 :5 !y are all quiet1 ,i  
?r[ a few :iffs ( smoke  9 at ! door ( !
 hive :i* ,i mean my depriv$ sw>m to    
ent]1  & :i* %\ld be its next neighb\r  
on ! "r h& or ! left2  !n1 turn+ x up1 &
 re/+ x on ! gr\nd1 ,i spr9kle x all    
ov] ) honey1 especially betwe5 ! combs  
:]e ,i p]ceive !  greate/ numb] ( ,bees3
 five or six table spoonfuls g5]ally    
suffice2  at o!r times ?ree or f\r times
 z _m are requir$4 ,if too little  7    
giv51 ! new com]s might n be well       
receiv$2 !re might be  "s fight+2 & by  

giv+ too mu*1 we run ! risk ( dr[n+     
!m4--,"o %\ld cease ! spr9kl+ :5 ! ,bees
 beg9 to climb  up above ! combs1 &     
%elt] !mselves on ! sides ( ! hive1  ?is
 done1 ,i replace ! hive on its bo>d1   
:i* %\ld jut out ab\t  sev5 or eight    
in*es1 rais+ ! hive up 9 ! front ) two  
little  bits ( /ick1 s z to leave a     
division ( an in* betwe5 x & !  bo>d1 to
 give free access to ! ,bees4 ,i also   
spread a table clo?  ^u ! gr\nd be=e x1 
rais+ & fix+ "o end ( x on !  bo>d1 by  
means ( two bits ( /ick1 t are plac$ z a
 tempor>y  support to ! hive4 ,i !n take
 ! hive t 0 depriv$ ( its  combs 9 !    
morn+1 & ) "o %ake1 ?r[ ! ,bees out ( x 
^u  ! table-clo?1 :i* !y in/antly beg9  
to asc5d2 :ile1 by !  help ( a long     
wood5 spoon1 ,i guide !m to ! door ( !  
"o t  is plac$ = _! reception4 ,a few   
spoonfuls ( ! ,bees rais$ &  laid d[n at
 ! door ( ! hive w set ! example1 !y    
ent] at  once1 & ! o!rs foll[ quickly1  
flapp+ _! w+s1 & sipp+  ) delight !     
drops ( honey t come 9 _! way1 or       

(fici\sly  lick+ & clean+ ^? fir/       
inhabitants t h receiv$ !  spr9kl+1 & ) 
:om !y m+le & live h5ce=? on good  t]ms2
 "o division ( ! new com]s always clu/] 
on ! front (  ! hive1 :i* !y ent] dur+ !
 night )\t di/urbance1 mu*  pleas$ to   
jo9 _! companions4    ,next morn+1 e>ly1
 x is necess>y to take away !           
table-clo?1  & ! bits ( /ick1 t 7 plac$ 
to raise up ! hive1 &  facilitate !     
entrance ( ! ,bees1 & = "s days ! door  
%\ld  be left op5 z wide z possible4 ,! 
hive %\ld also be mov$ a  little to ! "r
 or left1 t x may /& precisely 9 ! c5tre
  ( ! place !y bo? occupi$ be=e ! union4
    ,i h frequ5tly unit$ ?ree sw>ms 9 ! 
same mann]1 & )  ! same success1 tak+   
c>e only to empty 9 ! morn+ ^? on  ea*  
side1 & to make ! ,bees ent] ! middle "o
 9 ! ev5+1  aft] x has be5 spr9kl$ )    
honey4 ,9 ?is case ,i d n remove  ! "o t
 unites ! ?ree sw>ms4    ,i h adh]$     
/rictly to ^! directions except 9 rais+ 
&  fix+ ! table-clo? to ! bo>d1--mak+ ! 
,bees asc5d1 ,i h  always f\nd to be a  

sl[ process1 b plac+ ! hive !y are to   
jo9 ov] !m :5 heap$ ^u ! clo?1 is mu*   
quick] & equally  successful4    ,old   
/ocks t are r5d]$ weak by sw>m+1 or by  
hav+ too mu*  honey tak5 f !m1 may be   
unit$ 9 ! same mann]1 ) ?is  diff]5ce   
only1 t d\ble ! quantity ( honey %\ld be
 us$ 9  spr9kl+4    ,if a /ock ( ,bees1 
conta9+ fifte5 or tw5ty p\nds ( honey 9 
,septemb]1 be c>efully manag$ dur+ !    
w9t]1 :i* consi/s 9  n>r[+ ! entrance to
 exclude robb]s1 c>efully cov]+ ! hive  
) a milk-pan1 & rais+ x f ! bo>d e mon? 
or six weeks  to clean x1 no d\bt c be  
ent]ta9$ to its af=d+ a good box (      
honey4                                  
,,*apt] ,,ix4                 ,mann] (  
fe$+ weak ,/ocks1 & ! "t                
mo/ appropriate = ?is op]ation4         
,autumn & ,spr+ are ! mo/ prop] seasons 
= supply+ weak /ocks  ) food4 ,bees     
ought nev] to be f$ dur+ ! w9t]1 z food 
giv5  at t "t1 n only causes disease1 b 
induces !m to g out (  _! hives1 :5 _m (
 !m p]i% f cold4    ,food %\ld be       

adm9i/]$ only at night1 & ! soon] aft]  
sunset  ! bett]2 ! vessel 9 :i* x is    
giv5 ought to be c>efully  remov$ by    
sunrise ! next morn+1 or robb]s w be    
attract$ to  ! hive by ! smell ( ! honey
 & f> m injury be su/a9$  f !m1 ?an !   
b5efit aris+ to ! ,bees1 f ! food giv54 
,9 fe$+1 !re=e1 x w be necess>y to      
obs]ve ! greate/  neatness4 ,9 ,autumn1 
,bees %\ld be f$ copi\sly1 ^? hives     
conta9+ less ?an fifte5 p\nds ( honey   
mu/ be made up to t  weight by fe$+2 !  
mo/ effectual me?od ,i h be5 able to    
devise  is to excavate a bo>d ( f\r or  
five in*es 9 ?ickness1 s z to  all[ a   
s\p plate1 or pewt] di% to fit into x   
)\t ris+ above  its level2 ?is di% may  
be fill$ ) honey1 & cov]$ ) pieces  (   
pap] to prev5t ! ,bees f be+ dr[n$1 x   
may !n be plac$  "u ! hive at sunset1 & 
a napk9 ti$ r\nd ! bottom ( x1  to      
prev5t any ( ! ,bees f mak+ _! escape2 9
 ?is mann]  ?ree or f\r p\nds ( honey   
may be giv5 at "o "t1 s t twice  fe$+1 x
 is suppos$ w be suffici5t = any hive1 =

 if m  ?an ?is quantity is want$1 ! /ock
 mu/ be jo9$ to ano!r z  direct$ 9      
,*apt] ,,viii4 ,%\ld ! honey be v ?ick1 
a small  quantity ( w>m wat] may be add$
 to x1 9 ! proportion ( half a  p9t to  
?ree p\nds ( honey1 obs]v+ to mix !m    
well toge!r4    ,if ! honey be mu* c&i$ 
x may be plac$ ov] a fire = a few       
m9utes till x becomes liquid--ano!r plan
 ( fe$+ is to prep>e  a rim ( /raw1 or a
 wood5 hoop1 ! exact size ( ! hive1 &   
f\r  in*es deep1 )9 :i* place ! di% (   
honey1 & put ! hive  ov] x1 mak+ ! union
 secure ) a napk94    ,9 ! ,spr+1 ,bees 
%\ld be f$ sp>+ly1 ?ree or f\r ounces ( 
honey twice 9 ! week1 w be f\nd amply   
suffici5t2 ! easie/  me?od ( giv+ ^!    
small quantities is by a vessel ( t91 ^u
  ! same pr9ciple z a bird's f\nta91    
hold+ ab\t a p\nd or a  p\nd & half2    
7see fig4 #i47 ! project+ tr\gh or m\?1 
mu/ be  put 9 at ! entrance ( ! hive1 x 
is "o in* & ?ree qu>t]s  wide1 & ?ree   
in*es & a half long1 cov]$ ) a p]=at$   
t93  ?is vessel be+ fill$ ) honey1 has  

only to be plac$ 9 ! hive  at night1 &  
remov$ 9 ! morn+1 ! fe$] itself         
effectually  /opp+ up ! entrance ( !    
hive4    ,"s p]sons fe$ _! ,bees at !   
top ( ! hive1 b x is mu* too  t$i\s &   
sp>+ a way1 9 my op9ion = ,autumn fe$+1 
9 !  ,spr+ x does v well4 ,?is fe$] is (
 wood ) a cov] ( glass1  x has a hole   
?r\gh its c5tre1 correspond+ ) "o at !  
top (  ! hive1 :i* enables ! ,bees to   
pass into x1 & take ! honey--,i  believe
 x 0 inv5t$ by ,wildman4                
,,*apt] ,x4                             
,food prop] = weak ,hives4      ,i am   
decid$ly ( op9ion t ,bees f$ 9 ! ,autumn
 %\ld h  honey1 9 pref]5ce to any o!r   
k9d ( food4 ,mr4 ,hui% recomm5ds  eight 
p\nds ( honey1 six p\nds ( wat]1 a      
bottle ( :ite w9e1  & a p\nd ( sug>1    
boil$ & skimm$1 to be bottl$ = use1  he 
adds1 ! mo/ advisable me?od is n to make
 m ?an is  imm$iately want$1 because !re
 is "s dang] ( its f]m5t+4  ,n[ if !    
,bees are all[$ to /ore a quantity (    
?is1 or any o!r  simil> k9d ( food 9 _! 

hives1 w x n 9 all probability  f]m5t   
!re also8 ?is is my reason = recomm5d+  
honey  only--inde$ ,i h nev] se5 ,bees s
 heal?y z ^? f$ on !  simple mixture (  
honey & wat]4 ,9 ,spr+1 o!r k9ds ( food 
may  answ] v well1 z a small portion    
only is giv5 at a "t1 &  v little ( x   
deposit$ 9 ! combs4 ,a v good ,spr+ food
 may  be made ) honey & sweet wort1 or )
 raw sug> & sweet wort1  boil$ & skimm$4
    ,! proportions w\ld be1 "o p\nd (   
sug>1 or half a p\nd ( honey1  to two   
p9ts ( /rong wort4    ,= fe$+ weak /ocks
 _m ?+s h be5 prescrib$1 b no?+  is s   
prop] & natural z honey1 ,i dislike fe$+
 altoge!r1 except  a little 9 ! beg9n+ (
 ! ye>1 ?r\gh ! lat5ess ( !  ,spr+ "s   
hives 7o!rwise suffici5tly suppli$7 may 
require x4  ,e>ly sw>ms may also require
 a little honey :5 ! wea!r proves       
unfav\rable = _! collect+ x ! f\r or    
five fir/ days  succe$+ _! be+ hiv$1 b 9
 bo? ^! cases a v small  quantity w be  
f\nd suffici5t4 ,autumn fe$+ v r>ely    
answ]s  ! purpose ( ! proprietor4 ,unit+

 ! weak /ocks at t season1  z direct$ 9 
,*apt] ,,viii4 w be f\nd mu* m          
advantage\s4                            
,,*apt] ,,xi4               ,enemies (  
,bees1 & means ( ov]com+ !m4            
,gelieu says--t no?+ is m prejudicial to
 ,bees ?an ignorant  att5tion2 _! mo/   
=midable enemies are1 p]haps1 _!        
possessors1 :o busy !mselves to torm5t  
!m1 & weak5 & kill  !m by too mu* c>e4  
,9 ,w9t]1 !y hurt !m by %utt+ !m up1  & 
9 ,spr+1 ! giv+ !m a little honey is n  
always att5d$  to1 nei!r is ! gu>d+ !m f
 mo?s1 :i*1 at t "t1 make  ! greate/    
havoc1 nor is ! n>r[+ ( ! entrances to  
prev5t  !m be+ robb$4 ,"s p suffocate !m
 9 ,autumn1 t !y may  possess !mselves (
 _! provisions2 & o!rs take out ! be/  (
 ! honey1 & (t5 too mu* ( x1 & s expose 
!m to die (  hung]4    ,i !re=e place1 9
 ! =emo/ rank ( _! enemies1 ^? (  _!    
possessors1 :o1 by _! own ignorance &   
inexp]i5ce1 h9d]  !m f prosp]+ &        
multiply+4 ,to all ?is ,i am sorry to   
say  t ,i c be> te/imony4    ,among/ !  

enemies ( ,bees are enum]at$1 ants1     
mo?s1 birds1  p\ltry1 mice1 wasps1 &    
spid]s4 ,ants1 p]haps1 are _! lea/      
dang]\s enemies1 = ?\gh !y _c /+ !m1 !y 
c>ry !m  to a di/ance4    ,ants may be  
de/roy$ by p\r+ boil+ wat] into _! ne/s1
 &  ! op]ation w be greatly assi/$ by   
mak+ holes into !m ) a  %>p /ick1 s z to
 all[ ! wat] to fl[ readily to ! bottom 
(  !m4 ,mr4 ,hui% says1 to pres]ve my   
,bees f ^! v]m91 ,i always  fa/5 a piece
 ( %eep's sk91 ) its wool on r\nd !     
bottom  ( ! p$e/al2 x has be5 said1 t ^!
 insects dislike bo?  g>lick & %alots1 &
 !y w n h>b\r 9 ! gr\nd 9 :i*  ^!       
vegetables are gr[n4    ,mo?s#aa are by 
f> _! mo/ =midable & dang]\s enemies1   
great numb]s ( hives are de/roy$ by !m e
 ye>1 x !re=e  requires ! utmo/         
vigilance on ! "p ( ! ,bee-keep] to     
def5d  8 fav\rites f ^! mo/ p[]ful      
assailants4 ,x is 9 !  cat]pill> /ate t 
!y commit _! ravages1 & x is truly      
a/oni%+ to obs]ve ! rapidity ) :i* !y   
de/roy a hive1  :5 !y get e/abli%$ 9 x4 

,x mu/ be obs]v$ t hives manag$  ^u !   
,depriv+ ,sy/em1 t are expect$ to /& =  
t51 fifte5  or ev5 tw5ty ye>s are mu* m 
subject to ! incursions (  mo?s1 ?an ^? 
:i* are de/roy$ e ye>4    ,footnote #aa3
 ,entomology designates two species (   
wax mo?s3 !  great] is ! mo/ common     
gall]ea c]reana1 & ! small]  gall]ea    
alve>ia4    ,! be/ me?od ( prev5t+ _!   
increase is ! frequ5t cleans+  ( ! hive 
floors1 = ! female g5]ally deposits h]  
eggs betwe5  ! hive & ! bo>d on :i* x   
/&s1 or 9 ! du/ t  accumulates at !     
bottom4 ,^u remov+ ! hive ! mo?s may be 
se5  9 ! l>va /ate ^u ! floor1 & are    
easily de/roy$4 ,mo?s  & spid]s1 says   
,dr4 ,bevan1 %\ld be wat*$ & de/roy$1 9 
an  ev5+1 z at t "t ! =m] are hov]+     
ab\t1 & ! latt]  lay+ _! sn>es4 ,he also
 recomm5ds a frequ5t clean+ ( !  hive   
floors4--,hui% says1 ! butt]fly ( ! mo? 
t r$\btable  enemy ( ! ,bee1 appe>s 9   
,april1 & cont9ues until ,octob]4       
,de/roy !m z mu* z possible2 fright5 n  
away ! bats :i* fly  ab\t ! hives1 z !y 

dev\r a great numb] ( !m4 ,he says also1
  ,i w\ld alway advise an ,api>ian to   
fix 8 att5tion p>ticul>ly on  a hive1 ! 
,bees ( :i* appe> to be 9 inaction1 :il/
 ! ,bees (  o!r hives are 9 activity4   
,if ?is inaction cont9ue = t5 days1  or 
a =tnight1 n a mom5t !n %\ld be lo/ 9   
exam9+ ! hive1  & ! ravages ( ! mo? w   
soon pres5t !mselves4    ,among/ birds1 
t little m>aud] ! blue titm\se 7p>us    
major  ( ,l9neus7 /&s ! =emo/ z _!      
enemy1 =1 says ,pur*as1  %e w eat t5 or 
twelve ,bees at a "t1 & by & by be ready
 =  m2 %e fe$s h] "y ones also ) !m4 ,%e
 eats n ! :ole  ,bee1 b divides x 9 !   
middle1 pulls out ! bagge ( honey1      
litt+ drop ! sk9ny outside2 9 ! spr+ %e 
wat*es = !m  9 ! will[ & sall[ trees1 & 
takes !m :5 !y are at _!  "w4 ,de/roy _!
 ne/s 9 bre$+ "t1 & %oot !m 9 w9t]4     
,lap\tre1 a ,fr5* ,naturali/1 assures u1
 t he saw "u a tree 9  :i* !re 0 a      
tom-tit's ne/1 a surpris+ quantity ( !  
scaly  p>ts ( ,bees1 :i* ?is bird _h    
dropp$ f its ne/4 ,sp>r[s &  swall[s h  

bo? an ill "n1 b ,i c\ld nev] obs]ve any
 great  hurt done by ei!r ( !m4 ,p\ltry 
w occasionally de/roy ,bees1  = ,i once 
recollect see+ a h5 & h] brood pay de>ly
 = _!  fre$om ) a hive1 ! *ick5s 7 all  
/ung to dea?1 & ! h5  escap$ only ) h]  
life4    ,f mice1 ! sure/ safegu>d is ! 
s+le p$e/al 7see fig4 #a1 #b  & #c474   
,! de/ruction ( ,que5 ,wasps 9 ! ,spr+1 
& wasps ne/s 9 !  ,summ]1 w prove ! be/ 
security aga9/ ^! =midable enemies3     
,que5 ,wasps are se5 9 ,april & ,may1 & 
are v easily captur$1  e "o :i* is !n   
de/roy$1 w\ld probably h be5 ! f\nd]  ( 
a ne/1 :i* may be comput$ at #cj1jjj1 at
 lea/4    ,9 ,autumn1 x is v common =   
,bees to rob & plund] ea* o!r's  hives2 
! be/ rem$y = ?is evil1 z well z to gu>d
 aga9/  wasps1 is to contract !         
entrances2 to effect ?is object1 ,i w\ld
  recomm5d a copp] gu>d to be atta*$ to 
ea* hive2 7see fig4 #aj1 &  page #ah17 !
 wood5 "o ( ,esp5asse1 z well z ,hui%'s 
t9 gu>d1 ,i  h f\nd v inconv5i5t1 :i*   
induc$ me to con/ruct ! "o  ref]r$ to4  

,x is made ( ?9 copp]1 & /it*$ to ! hive
 )  copp] wire1 x has two slid]s1 "o    
pi]c$ ) a numb] ( small  holes1 & ! o!r 
hav+ "o only1 b l>ge en\gh to all[ !    
passage ( "o ,bee ?r\gh x4 ,! advantages
 ( ?is1 above all o!r  gu>ds1 arises f  
its n project+ beyond ! hive1 ! alight+ 
bo>d n be+ encumb]$ by x1 & ! angles =m$
 by ,hui%'s )  ! hive1 s annoy+ to !    
,bees1 be+ avoid$4    ,9 a ^w1 says     
,pur*as1 if y desire to h y\r ,bees     
?rive1 &  prosp]1 keep !m well f w9ds & 
wet1 heat & cold1 de/roy  _! enemies1 & 
let !m enjoy a suffici5cy ( food gott5  
by  _! own indu/ry2 & if !re be a want 9
 "s1 timely supply !m1  & d\bt n1 if by 
,god's bless+ on y\r endeav\rs1 !       
increase  & prosp]ity ( y\r ,bees4      
,,*apt] ,,xii4                          
,directions = ,hiv+ ,sw>ms4      ,bees  
manag$ ^u ! ,depriv+ ,sy/em1 r>ely sw>m1
 & are seldom  f\nd clu/]+ at ! m\? ( ! 
hive1 = e bright h\r dur+  ! honey      
season !y seem to turn to pr(it1 :51    
h[ev]1 ,clu/]+  or ,sw>m+ takes place1 x

 g5]ally arises f ! ,box n hav+  be5 put
 on suffici5tly e>ly 9 ! season1 or = ! 
want ( a  second ,box2 if a sw>m %\ld f 
^! causes be compell$ to leave  ! hive1 
let x be put into a new improv$ ,cottage
 ,hive1 7see fig4  #c47 9 ! usual mann]4
    ,i h always adopt$ ! plan ( plac+ my
 sw>ms :]e !y are to  rema91 )9 t5 or   
fifte5 m9utes aft] ! "t ( _! be+  hiv$1 
& 9 ?is practice ,gelieu agrees ) me1 = 
he says1 mo/  p :o h ,bees all[ _!      
,sw>ms to rema9 till ! ev5+ 9  ! place  
:]e !y h alight$1 & d n move !m to !    
,api>y  till aft] sunset1 ?is me?od has 
_m inconv5i5ces4    ,z soon z a sw>m has
 congregat$ 9 ! new hive1 & seems to be 
at ease 9 x1 ! mo/ indu/ri\s among/ !   
,bees fly (f to !  fields1 b ) a great  
_m precautions4 ,!y desc5d ! front (  ! 
hive1 & turn to e side to exam9e x      
?or\ghly1 !n take  flight1 & make "s    
circles 9 ! air 9 ord] to reconnoitre _!
  new abode1 !y d ! same 9 return+4 ,if 
! ,sw>m has tak5 flight  9 ! morn+1 !   
same ,bees make sev]al excursions dur+ !

 day1  & ea* "t ) less precaution1 z    
becom+ famili>iz$ )  _! dwell+1 !y are  
less afraid ( mi/ak+ x1 & ?us1 next     
morn+1 suppos+ !mselves 9 ! same place1 
!y take w+ )\t  hav+ obs]v$ :]e !y h    
sp5t ! night1 & surpris$ at _!  return n
 to f9d ! hive 9 ! same place1 !y fly   
ab\t all day  9 se>* ( x1 until !y p]i% 
) fatigue & despair4 ,?us _m  hundr$s ( 
! mo/ indu/ri\s lab\r]s are lo/1 & ?is  
may be  entirely avoid$1 if ! ,sw>ms be 
remov$ z soon z ! ,bees are  p]ceiv$    
com+ out--?is sign alone is suffici5t4  
,sometimes ,i d n ev5 wait till all !   
,bees clu/]$ 9 front  or on ! sides ( ! 
,hive1 are reunit$ to _! companions 9 ! 
int]ior1 z !y are nev] long 9 be+ s2 &  
?is plan has always  fully succe$$ ) me4
    ,exp]i5ce has long s9ce prov$1 t !  
cu/om ( beat+  w>m+-pans & ! l1 at ! "t 
a sw>m leaves ! hive is  p]fectly       
useless1 z well z ! ridicul\s practice (
 dress+ !  ,hive1 z x is call$1 by dr5*+
 x ) be]1 honey1 f5nel1 c42  ! =m] is   
consid]$ by p]sons ( obs]vation1        

actually to prev5t  ! ,bees f alight+ s 
soon z !y w\ld o!rwise d2 & !  latt]    
frequ5tly to compel !m to leave ! hive4 
,! be/ me?od is  to wat* ! ,sw>m 9      
sil5ce1 & aft] x has once collect$1 to  
lose  no "t 9 hiv+ x into a new1 clean1 
& dry ,hive4 ,mu* "t  & tr\ble may be   
sp>$ ! ,bees1 if ! loose /raw be remov$ 
f  ! int]ior ( ! hive1 ! be/ me?od (    
effect+ :i*1 is to  s+e !m ) a wax tap]1
 & aft]w>ds to remove !m ) a h>d  bru%4 
,i h = _m ye>s pa/ discont9u$ ! use (   
/icks across !  int]ior ( my hives1 = !y
 cause mu* unnecess>y tr\ble to !  ,bees
 9 ! con/ruction ( _! combs2 e facility 
%\ld be giv5  to a fre% sw>m 9 _!       
labors1 = !y h mu* to d1 z ,dr4  ,aik9  
has v beautifully said = !m 9 !         
,,song ,,( ,,! ,,bees4        ,we wat* =
 ! light ( ! morn to break1        ,&   
col\r ! grey ea/]n sky      ,) its bl5d$
 hues ( saffron & lake1      ,!n we say 
to ea* o!r1 ,awake1 ,awake6      ,= our 
w9t]'s honey is all to make1        ,&  
our bread = a long supply4        ,!n (f

 we hie to ! hill & ! dell1        ,to !
 field1 ! wild wood & b[]2      ,9 !    
columb9e's horn we love to dwell1       
,to dip 9 ! lily ) sn[-:ite bell4       
,to se>* ! balm 9 its odor\s cell1      
,! ?yme & ! rosem>y fl[]4        ,we    
seek = ! bloom ( ! eglant9e1        ,!  
lime1 pa9t$ ?i/le1 & bri]4      ,& foll[
 ! c\rse ( ! w&]+ v9e1      ,:e!r x     
trail on ! e>? sup9e1      ,or r\nd !   
aspir+ tree-top tw9e1        ,& rea* = a
 /age /ill high]4        ,z ea* = ! good
 ( ! :ole is b5t1        ,& /ores up its
 treasures = all1      ,we hope = an    
ev5+ ) he>t's cont5t4      ,= ! w9t] (  
life )\t lam5t      ,t summ] is gone1 ) 
its h\rs mis-sp5t1        ,& ! h>ve/ is 
pa/ recall4    ,& n only d /icks across 
! hive cause mu* unnecess>y tr\ble  to !
 ,bees 9 ! con/ruction ( _! combs1 b    
r5d] _!  extraction almo/ impossible2 = 
9 ?is ,sy/em x becomes necess>y1  aft] a
 ,hive has /ood sev5 or eight ye>s1 to  
cut out "p ( its  combs1 :i* by t "t w h
 become v black1 v ?ick1 &  ! cells1 f !

 numb] ( ,bees hat*$ 9 !m1 7e "o leav+  
a deposit7 mu* contract$4 ,! times be/  
suit$ = ?is op]ation  w be ,m>* &       
,septemb]2 if p]=m$ 9 ,m>*1 two leaves (
 comb  may be tak51 if 9 ,septemb]1 "o  
only2 x is a v simple process1  & easily
 accompli%$ ) ! aid ( a little tobacco  
smoke1 & a  knife 7fig4 #f47 :i* ,i w   
h]eaft] describe4    ,gelieu says1 9    
#ahad1 ,i h sev]al ,/ocks f twelve to   
tw5ty  ye>s old t are z prosp]\s z ! "y 
ones1 & "o /ock  tw5ty-five ye>s old4   
,i _c say s mu* z ?is1 b ,i d n 9 ! lea/
 d\bt !  tru? ( x2 fifte5 ye>s is !     
longe/ "t t ,i h kept a  /ock1 & !      
reason ( my los+ x at ! expiration ( t  
p]iod  0 f ! decay ( ! ,hive1 x be+     
badly made & n pa9t$2  its annual pr(it 
0 nev] less ?an =ty1 & "s ye>s1 fifty   
%ill+s4    ,i w\ld recomm5d e p]son :o  
keeps ,bees1 to h a few  well-pa9t$ new 
hives always by him1 t ea* hive be      
weigh$1 &  its weight ^u a ticket ( lead
 fa/5$ to x1 ! bo>d also ^u  :i* ! hive 
/&s %\ld be weigh$4    ,e sw>m t is hiv$

 9 ,may1 or be=e ! middle ( ,june1 9 a  
mod]ate season w af=d a glass ( honey1 (
 f six to twelve  p\nds1 besides _!     
w9t]'s /ore2 & 9 v good seasons1 ,i h   
frequ5tly tak5 tw5ty-five & sometimes   
?irty p\nds1 leav+ !  hive v ri*4 ,! mo/
 prop] "t = putt+ ! glass or box  ^u !  
sw>m w be f ! eighte5? to ! tw5ty-fir/  
day  aft] _! be+ hiv$1 & %\ld x be      
quickly fill$ & m room  requir$1 lift up
 ! glass z direct$ at page #bc4         
,,*apt] ,,xiii4                         
,description ( a knife = cutt+          
out ! combs4 7fig1 #f17      ,?is knife1
 :i* is s simple 9 its con/ruction1 & s 
easily  us$1 des]ves to be made g5]ally 
kn[n4 ,gelieu1 to :om ,api>ians  are mu*
 indebt$1 tells u1 t 9 ,switz]l& x is   
commonly us$1  & t ! combs f hives ( any
 %ape or mat]ials are extract$  )\t any 
difficulty4 ,x is =m$ ( a slip ( /eel   
7see fig4 #f47  two feet long1 by an    
eigh? ( an in* ?ick1 ! h&le is tw5ty    
in*es long1 by half an in* broad1 !     
turn-d[n blade ( two in*es  9 l5g?1 is  

spe> po9t$1 %>p on ! edges1 & b5t s z to
 =m  an angle ( #ij degrees ) ! h&le2 ! 
o!r blade is two in*es  long1 by "o &   
half broad1 & %>p5$ all r\nd2 ! broad   
blade  cuts & sep>ates ! combs f ! sides
 ( ! hive1 & ! spe>  po9t1 :i* is also  
%>p on ea* side1 admits1 f its direction
 &  n>r[ness1 ( be+ introduc$ betwe5 !  
combs to loos5 !m f  ! top ( ! hive4    
,,*apt] ,,xiv4            ,rem$ies      
propos$1 z cures1 = ! ,/+s ( ,bees4     
,! soon] ! ,/+ is extract$1 says ,dr4   
,bevan1 ! less v5om  is eject$1 &       
consequ5tly less inflammation induc$4   
,to alleviate  ! irritation1 numb]less  
rem$ies h be5 propos$1 ( ! mo/  opposite
 k9d & unc]ta9 effect2 z oil1 v9eg>1    
bruis$ p>sley1  burnet1 mall[1 or !     
leaves ( any succul5t vegetable1 7r5ew$ 
z  soon z w>m1 & probably !re=e1 op]at+ 
by cold alone7 honey1  indigo dissolv$ 9
 wat]1 c41 c41 ! mo/ effectual rem$y    
appe>s  to be ,aq4 ,ammon1 or ,spirits (
 ,h>t%orn1 nor is ?is surpris+1 :5  we  
consid] t ! v5om ( ! ,bee is evid5tly   

,acid4    ,i h kn[n bo? ! pa9 &         
inflammation greatly reliev$ by         
,laudanum2 b = myself ,i c\ld nev]      
exp]i5ce ! slighte/ relief  f its       
application4    ,its effects are v      
diff]5t 9 diff]5t p]sons1 =1 :il/ a     
s+le ,/+ w sometimes produce al>m+      
symptoms 9 "o p]son1  ano!r may receive 
_m )\t be+ inconv5i5c$ ei!r by pa9  or  
swell+2 ?is ,i am sorry to obs]ve is n  
my case1 = a s+le  /+ causes me ! mo/   
acute pa91 accompani$ by viol5t swell+  
& inflammation1 :i* la/s two or ?ree    
days2 ! above rem$ies  h prov$ totally  
ineffectual 9 af=d+ me ! slighte/       
relief1  b ,i consid] myself v =tunate 9
 hav+ lately met ) almo/  a p]fect cure1
 & x is z imm$iate z x is effectual2 ,i 
h mu*  pleasure 9 communicat+ x1 =      
not)/&+ e precaution1  p]sons1 :o are   
mu* among/ ,bees occasionally meet ) a  
/+4  ,! me?od ,i h ( late adopt$1 by :i*
 ! pa9 is in/antly  remov$1 & bo? !     
swell+ & inflammation prev5t$1 is to    
pull  out ! /+ z soon z possible1 & take

 a piece ( iron & heat  x 9 ! fire1 or =
 want ( t1 take a live coal1 7if ( wood 
!  bett]1 because x la/s long]7 & hold x
 z ne> to ! place z ,i  c possibly      
endure x1 = five m9utes2 if f ?is       
application a  s5sation ( heat %\ld be  
occasion$1 a little oil ( ,turp5t9e or  
,g\l>d ,c]ate mu/ be appli$4    ,dur+ ! 
la/ ?ree ye>s ,i h us$ = myself & ^?    
ab\t me1  :o might *ance to meet ) a /+1
 a /ill m effectual rem$y  ?an ! above1 
& z its application is m simple1 x is   
c]ta9ly  to be pref]r$4 ,x consi/s 9    
apply+ ! lea/ possible quantity  (      
,liquor potass1 imm$iately ^u remov+ !  
/+1 ei!r )  a f9e camels' hair p5cil1 a 
%>p p51 or ev5 ) ! po9t ( a  ne$le4 ,!  
v5om ( ! ,bee be+ an acid1 ?is v p[]ful 
alkali1  consequ5tly neutralises x1 !   
pa9 is in/antly remov$1 &  nei!r swell+ 
nor inflammation foll[4 ,%\ld too l>ge a
 quantity  ( ?is alkali be us$1 7z f !  
hurry 9 :i* x is usually  s\ght aft]    
frequ5tly happ5s7 ! "p %\ld be plung$   
into cold  wat]1 or a sc> w be !        

consequ5ce1 :i* w la/ = "s  days4 ,i h  
f\nd ! quick] ! application1 ! m        
effectual !  cure4                      
,,*apt] ,,xv4               ,means (    
prev5t+ ! ,bees f be+ /ol51             
especially 9 ! ,c\ntry4      ,i entirely
 disapprove ( ,h\ses ( e description =  
,bees1 z a  protection aga9/ wea!r1     
because !y t5d 9 v>i\s ways mo/         
effectually to de/roy ! lives ( ^?      
valuable insects1 =1 z  be=e /at$1 !y =m
 a %elt] =1 & promote ! increase (  "s (
 _! mo/ det]m9$ enemies2 b !re are o!r  
?+s to  provide aga9/1 n only robb]s (  
_! own species1 b ^?  :o w\ld c>ry away 
hives z well z honey1 & at ! reque/ ( a 
fri5d1 :o has twice be5 depriv$ ( all 8 
hives by ?is latt]  description (       
robb]s--,i am induc$ to give :at 9 my   
op9ion is !  be/ k9d ( h\se to answ] ?is
 purpose1 & likely to be ! lea/         
injuri\s to ! ,bees4 ,x may be          
suffici5tly wide to all[ ( six  hives ) 
a milk-pan ^u ea*1 to be plac$ 9 a l9e1 
:i* w  occupy ab\t elev5 feet1 its dep? 

may be ab\t tw5ty-two in*es1  ! top &   
ends wea!r bo>d$1 ! front & back compos$
 ( wood  or iron b>s1 plac$ s t a small 
hive or box w n pass betwe5  !m1 ! front
 ones may be fix$1 b ^? at ! back mu/ be
 made  to remove1 & secur$ by a lock4   
,at fifte5 in*es f ! gr\nd mu/ be plac$ 
two pieces ( wood1  ab\t f\r in*es      
squ>e1 well secur$ by cross pieces at ! 
ends (  ! h\se1 & by an upright 9 !     
middle1 ^u ^! pieces place !  bo>ds on  
:i* ! hives /&1 suffici5t height mu/ be 
giv5 to  all[ ( two boxes to be plac$ ^u
 a hive1 ?ree feet at lea/ %\ld  be     
all[$4    ,ano!r me?od ( security may be
 adopt$ :i* is equally effective1  & z !
 inconv5i5ces ( a ,h\se are avoid$1     
p]haps x is !  mo/ pref]able4 ,x is to h
 a /\t iron r+ ( f\r in*es 9  diamet]1 a
 little flatt5$ at ! sides s z to become
 oval1 work$  9 ! back ( ! ,hive a      
little bel[ its c5tre1 :5 ! ,hives are  
plac$ 9 a l9e ^u p$e/als ( equal height1
 a *a9 may be pass$  ?r\gh ^! r+s1 &    
lock$ at ea* end4                       

,,*apt] ,,xvi4              ,me?od (    
,dislodg+ ,bees f ,trees or ,build+s1   
& putt+ !m into ,hives4      ,x v r>ely 
happ5s t ,bees 9 ,build+s or 9 ,trees   
survive !  ,w9t]1 cold & humidity       
usually kill !m1 b ! comb & !  little   
honey rema9+ 9 x induces o!rs to visit  
_! abode 9  ! ,spr+1 & :i* 9 all        
probability w be foll[$ by a ,sw>m  f "s
 neighb\r+ ,api>y 9 ,may or ,june1 & on 
?is acc\nt ,bees  are said always to be 
!re1 a little obs]vation w prove !      
incorrectness ( ?is /atem5t1 & ,i       
believe ! only crit]ion by  :i* x c be  
prov$ t ,bees h actually exi/$ 9 su*    
places  ?r\gh ! ,w9t]1 is to see !m     
c>ry+ 9 pellets ( f>9a ^u  _! legs 9    
,m>* & ! e>ly "p ( ,april4    ,! mo/    
prop] "t = dislodg+ a ,/ock1 :i* f hav+ 
fix$  ^u "s w>m & dry abode1 has liv$   
?r\gh ! ,w9t]1 is t[>ds  ! end ( ,may1  
or ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 b a ,sw>m ought to 
be  remov$ ^u ! day ( its arrival1 or z 
soon aft]w>ds z possible4    ,! only    
me?od t ,i c recomm5d at all likely to  

succe$1 &  :i* ,i h f\nd to answ] !     
purpose1 is to lay ! combs q  b>e1 & !n 
to cut !m out "o by "o1 sweep+ ! ,bees )
 a  fea!r1 or ! back ( ! knife1 f ea*   
piece ( comb into an  empty hive4       
,%\ld ! ,que5 n be obs]v$ dur+ ?is      
process1 x w be  advisable to take a    
leaf ( comb t is fill$ ) eggs or brood1 
& fa/5 x inside ! hive int5d$ = ! ,bees1
 t !y may  be enabl$ to make a new "o1  
%\ld _! orig9al ,que5 h be5  kill$ or   
lo/ dur+ ?is op]ation2 = x is n[ prov$  
beyond all  d\bt1 t !y h ! p[] ( do+    
?is1 provid$ !y h  ei!r eggs or brood 9 
_! hive4    ,! use ( a little tobacco   
smoke ?r\gh\t ?is op]ation w be         
necess>y1 a cig> 9 ! m\? ( ea* op]ator  
7= !re mu/ be two  p]sons1 if n m1      
engag$ 9 x7 w be f\nd suffici5t4    ,!  
,que5 ,bee may easily be di/+ui%$ by a  
common obs]v]1 h]  w+s are v %ort1 n    
ext5d+ beyond "o half ( h] body1 :i*  is
 mu* long]1 & m po9t$ ?an t ( ! work+   
,bees1 h]  legs are copp] col\r$1 & h]  
body br[n4    ,! combs be+ all remov$ & 

! ,bees swept (f !m into ! hive1  x mu/ 
n[ be put ^u a bo>d & plac$ exactly :]e 
! ,bees  ent]$ be=e !y 7 di/urb$1 &1 if 
possible1 x %\ld rema9  9 ?is situation 
till ,autumn1 b its rema9+ = a week or  
two is  absolutely necess>y2 %\ld !re be
 _m combs fill$ ) brood1  ?ree or f\r ( 
!m may be plac$ 9 ! hive1 by putt+ "s   
wood5  pegs at ! top ( x to keep !m at  
prop] di/ances1 & all[+  !m to re/ ^u ! 
hive-bo>d4    ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a t$i\s   
op]ation & v seldom pays = !  tr\ble x  
occasions2 = /ocks ?us obta9$ are       
g5]ally weak &  require fe$+1 or to be  
unit$ to o!rs to keep !m alive ?r\gh  ! 
w9t]4 ,x is1 !re=e1 m to ! advantage ( !
 proprietor1  to cause ! combs 9 trees  
or build+1 9 :i* ,bees h di$1 to be     
de/roy$1 & ! places effectually /opp$ up
 ) clay or mort>4                       
,,*apt] ,,xvii4                         
,description ( ,nutt's newly inv5t$     
,hive1 =               obta9+ ,honey )\t
 de/roy+ ! ,bees4      ,?is ,hive       
consi/s ( ?ree collat]al ,boxes1 7see   

fig4 #h47 !  c5tre "o f\rte5 in*es1 & ! 
side ones t5 & a half squ>e  inside     
measure1 dep? elev5 in*es2 ! middle box 
has a numb] (  holes 9 ! top ?ree qu>t]s
 ( an in* 9 diamet]1 bor$ 9 !           
circumf]5ce ( a circle six in*es 9      
diamet]1 ) "o 9 its  c5tre1 ov] :i* a   
glass is plac$4 ,! side boxes 7aa7 h ea*
  a hole ( f\r in*es squ>e 9 ! c5tre ( !
 top1 into :i* is  fitt$ a piece ( t9   
pi]c$ ) small holes1 & 9 its c5tre a    
hole ( an in* 9 diamet]1 :]e9 is plac$ a
 tube ( t9 ( !  same size1 rea*+ ne>ly  
to ! bottom ( ! ,box1 & support$  by a  
%\ld] re/+ ^u ! squ>e t91 :i* is also   
p]=at$4  ,?is squ>e t9 & cyl9d]         
con/itute ! v5tilator1 ! op5+ 9  !      
,boxes is cov]$ by a piece ( wood1 7bb7 
! ,boxes h ea* a  glaz$ w9d[ 7c74 ,!    
c5tre ,box communicates ) ! side ones   
by a grat+ cut 9 ! wood & correspond+ ) 
ea* o!r1 ?is  communication is cut (f :5
 necess>y by slid+ t9s4    ,! me?od t ,i
 h adopt$ = protect+ ?is ,hive f wet1 is
  to cov] ! glass ) a common /raw hive1 

^u :i* a milk-pan is  plac$1 & ea* ( !  
side boxes by two pieces ( bo>d elev5   
in*es  by fifte51 put toge!r s z to =m  
an angle ( n9ety degrees1  resembl+ !   
ro( ( a cottage4 ,! :ole %\ld be made ( 
in* deal  & well pa9t$1 ! bo>d ^u :i* ! 
?ree boxes /& mu/ be  ( two-in* deal & (
 "o piece1 except ! alight+ bo>d :i* is 
nail$ on2 ?ree /rong pieces ( two in*   
deal w be necess>y on  ! "u side ( !    
bo>d z braces to prev5t its w>p+4    ,9 
?is ,i h diff]$ a little f ,mr4 ,nutt1  
because ,i ?9k !  solid bo>d m          
sub/antial & less likely to h>b\r       
insects1 8  be+ holl[ to all[ ! bees to 
escape at ! "t ( deprivation1  :5 !     
communication betwe5 ! c5tre & ! side   
boxes is cut (f  by means ( ! slid+ t9s1
 = :i* ,i h made provision by hav+  an  
entrance at ! back ( ea* ( ! side boxes1
 to :i* is atta*$  a copp] slid]1 7fig4 
#aj47 b )\t ! entrance = a s+le ,bee4   
,! middle ,box mu/ be /ock$ 9 ! usual   
way1 by hiv+ a sw>m  into x1 & if ! sw>m
 be n a l>ge "o1 x w be bett] to put    

two sw>ms into x z direct$ 9 ,*apt]     
,,viii4 ,x w be necess>y  to h bo? ! top
 & side t9s securely fa/5$ to ! c5tre   
box at ! "t ( hiv+1 & till aft] ! union1
 :5 !y may  be remov$1 !reby giv+ ! bees
 ! full range ( all ! boxes  z well z ( 
! glass ^u ! c5tre "o1 no?+ fur!r w  be 
requir$ till ! next ,summ]1 except      
c>efully plac+ ! ro(s  to def5d ! boxes 
f wet4 ,p]haps1 says ,mr4 ,taylor1 !re  
is  no?+ m prejudicial to ,bees ?an !   
moi/ure !y eng5d] dur+  ! ,w9t] season1 
p>ticul>ly aft] fro/1 & 9 c]ta9 /ates ( 
! atmosph]e4 ,x accumulates on ! top &  
sides ( ! pavilion1  m\ld+ & r5d]+      
(f5sive ! combs1 & produc+ disease4 ,=  
?is reason boxes ) flat ro(s h be5      
object$ to4 ,i h tri$  diff]5t exp]im5ts
 to obviate ?is s]i\s evil1 & h f\nd    
no?+ bett] ?an ! practice ( cond5s+ !   
vap\r z mu* z  possible & convey+ x     
away4 ,?is ,i h done = sev]al ye>s by   
means ( ! bell-glasses4    ,illu/ration 
,at ! beg9n+ ( ,w9t] ,i place ov] !     
holes on ! top ( !  pavilion1 pieces (  

p]=at$ z9c1 & on ^! ,i set ! glasses1   
ea* )9 a circul> lead5 or z9c tr\gh1 op5
 9 ! c5tre4 ,z  ! exhalation rises f !  
w>m? bel[1 x is cond5s$ on !  glass1 &  
receiv$1 (t5 9 consid]able quantity1 9 !
 tr\ghs4 ,an  imp]ceptible curr5t ( air 
is ?us produc$1 ( great advantage to  ! 
inmates2 = v5tilation is z mu* want$ 9  
,w9t] z 9 ,summ]1  & p>ticul>ly :5 !    
population is num]\s4 ,! holes at ! top 
( ! glasses may be left op5 to assi/    
?is1 = ( two evils x is  bett] to h too 
mu* ?an too little air4 ,nor1 ) good    
protection  f wea!r1 ne$ ! effects (    
cold be appreh5d$2 = ! ,bees1  7if n    
weak 9 numb]s7 w always ( !mselves      
g5]ate suffici5t  w>m?1 & a dry1 cold   
season is bett] )/ood ?an a mild1 moi/  
"o1 p>ticul>ly aft] a good honey ye>4   
,?is lead5 or z9c tr\gh ( ,mr4 ,taylor's
 exactly resembles 9 =m  ! fe$] m5tion$ 
9 page #eg4    ,9 ! foll[+ ,summ]1 :5 ! 
,bees are work+ 9 ! side boxes  & !     
glass1 ! v5tilation mu/ be p>ticul>ly   
att5d$ to1 7=  ^u ?is alone dep5ds !    

success ( ! hive17 & "h ,i w\ld         
especially recomm5d ,mr4 ,taylor's      
v5tilator z giv5 9 page #bf2 a  small   
!rmomet] %\ld be kept 9 "o ( ! v5tilat+ 
tubes1 &  :5 x is obs]v$ above n9ety    
degrees ( ,fahr5heit1 ! cov]s  7bb7 mu/ 
be tak5 (f1 & %\ld ! temp]ature ( !     
boxes be  f\nd at1 or above a hundr$1 ! 
p]=at$ copp] slides at ! back  ( ! side 
boxes mu/ be us$1 = if x rea*es to a    
hundr$-&  ?irty1 a ,sw>m 9 all          
probability w leave ! hive1 :i* next to 
/>vation is mo/ fatal to ?is mode (     
treatm5t4 ,:5 ei!r ( !  side boxes or ! 
glass ^u ! top ( ! c5tre "o is fill$ )  
honey & seal$ up1 introduce ! divid+ t92
 if ! glass1 remove  x imm$iately ?irty 
or =ty y>ds1 f ! hive )\t *ang+  its    
position1 leav+ room at ! bottom = !    
,bees to escape1 :i*  !y w v soon d1 b  
if ei!r ( ! side boxes are to be  tak5  
away1 op5 ! copp] slid] at ! back ( !   
box1 & 9 less  ?an an h\r f ! "t ( !    
divid+ t9 be+ introduc$1 !  bees w h    
made _! escape & jo9$ ! c5tre box1 x may

 !n  be remov$1 empti$ & replac$1 or    
ano!r may be sub/itut$ =  x4 ,all       
op]ations mu/ be p]=m$ ^u a f9e & bright
 day4 ,!  entrance to ! c5tre box %\ld  
be op5$ to its fulle/ ext5t1 by  remov+ 
bo? ! slid]s f ! fir/ ( ,april till !   
fir/ (  ,septemb]4                      
,,*apt] ,,xviii4               ,!       
,api>ian s ,mon?ly ,manual1 or ,h9ts = !
              ,managem5t ( ,bees = e    
mon? 9 ! ye>1                        ^u 
! ,depriv+ ,sy/em4      ,,janu>y4       
,%\ld ! cold be int5se1 no op]ation     
:atev] %\ld be p]=m$  on ! ,bees t      
requires ! removal ( ! hives4 ,if sn[ be
 on !  gr\nd keep ! p]=at$ slid]s 7page 
#ah47 closely d[n t air may  be admitt$1
 b n a ,bee all[$ to escape until x be  
?aw$2 b  imm$iately ^u ! disappe>ance ( 
! sn[ remove ! slid]1 &  give !m full   
lib]ty4 ,i h kn[n _m /ocks lo/ by n     
att5d+  to ?is precaution1 & m          
especially aft] a long conf9em5t1 d  n  
suff] ! sn[ to melt ei!r ^u ! cov]s or  
hive-bo>ds1 b  bru% x (f e day z x      

falls4 ,att5d regul>ly to ! cond5s]     
7page #ib7 :i* to boxes ) flat ro(s is a
 v necess>y & useful  app5dage4         
,,febru>y4    ,^u a mild day 9 ?is mon? 
let ! floor bo>d ( ea* hive be  clean$1 
& a little food adm9i/]$1 %\ld ! /ock ( 
honey be  v l[4 ,see t ! cov]+s be s\nd1
 & t no moi/ure comes  ^u ! top ( !     
hives4 ,%\ld x be f\nd t any ( ! hives  
h p]i%$1 :i* w sometimes occur1 & f     
causes :i* _c  be exactly asc]ta9$1 let 
!m be imm$iately remov$1 & ! honey  :i* 
!y conta9 tak5 out1 & res]v$ = fe$+ ^? t
 may  require x4      ,,m>*4    ,clean !
 hive-bo>ds aga91 & %\ld any ( ! /ocks  
require  fe$+1 supply !m1 att5d+ /rictly
 to ! directions giv5 9  ,*ap4 ,,ix4    
,t[>ds ! end ( ?is mon? place a vessel1 
conta9+  wat]1 ne> ! ,bees1 z direct$ 9 
page #c4 ,?is also w be f\nd  a good "t 
to exam9e ! p$e/als ^u :i* ! hives /&1 =
  aft] rema9+ = "s ye>s 9 ! gr\nd !y are
 subject to decay  at a few in*es bel[  
its surface1 especially if reg>d 0 n    
paid to  ! quality ( ! timb] at ! "t (  

fix+ !m4      ,,april4    ,clean !      
hive-bo>ds = ! la/ "t1 & supply food1 if
 requir$1  z be=e direct$4 ,! ,wax-mo?1 
t r$\btable enemy to ,bees1  appe>s ?is 
mon?2 !y may be se5 frequ5tly at        
twilight runn+  ^u ! outside ( ! hives3 
de/roy !m z mu* z possible1 &1  z ,hui% 
says1 fright5 n away ! ,bats t fly ab\t 
! hives1  = !y de/roy numb]s ( !m4 ,a   
full supply ( small hives1 boxes1       
glasses1 & adapt]s %\ld n[ be provid$1  
old ones clean$1 or new  ones pur*as$4  
,a few l>ge hives also %\ld be ready1 = 
if f  inatt5tion to giv+ room &         
v5tilation1 a sw>m %\ld be compell$  to 
leave _! hive1 !y w be want$4    ,weak  
hives are n[ v subject to an attack f   
robb]s1 ! be/  protection t c be af=d$  
!m is ! slid]1 page #ah1 )  ! help ( :i*
 ?ree or f\r ,bees w gu>d ! entrance m  
effectually ?an _m times t numb] )\t x4 
,,may4    ,! "t w n[ h arriv$ = supply+ 
ea* /ock ) a small  hive or o!r         
receptacle = honey1 z direct$ 9 ,*ap4   
,,iv4 & %\ld  ! season be a fav\rable   

"o1 ! supply ev5 ( a second may be  f\nd
 necess>y be=e ! end ( ! mon?4 ,cont9ue 
to de/roy ,que5  wasps & hornets1 & to  
wat* c>efully = mo?s4 ,%\ld ! bees  (   
any hive appe> inactive at ?is "t1 or   
%\ld !y n be se5  to c>ry 9 pellets (   
f>9a :il/ o!rs are do+ x1 & ?is         
inaction cont9ue = eight or t5 days1    
lose no "t 9 exam9+  ! hive1 & %\ld !   
mo?s h begun _! "w ( de/ruction1  :i*   
may be kn[n by see+ ! combs jo9$ toge!r 
by _! silk5  webs1 cut away ! combs     
affect$ ) a %>p knife1 & ! hive may1    
p]haps1 be sav$4      ,,june4    ,/rict 
att5tion %\ld n[ be paid to room &      
v5tilation1 =1  z has be5 said 9 page   
#bd1 if bo? ^! be c>efully obs]v$1      
sw>m+ may be prev5t$ altoge!r4 ,sw>ms   
may n[ be pur*as$ z  direct$ 9 ,*ap4    
,,ii4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! mon?1 9 good   
seasons1  small hives & glasses may be  
tak5 (f1 full directions = :i* may  be  
f\nd 9 ,*ap4 ,v4    ,at ! end ( ! mon?  
look = wasps' ne/s1 & de/roy !m2--a  v  
easy & effectual me?od ( do+ x is to    

fill a common squib or  s]p5t case ) a  
mixture ( sulphur & gun-p[d]1 9 equal   
p>ts1  ) a v small quantity ( nitre all 
f9ely p[d]$ & ramm$ v  h>d into ! case1 
set fire to x by means ( t\*-pap]1 & :5 
9 a /ate ( ignition1 /ick x into ! hole 
( ! ne/ & place  y\r foot ^u x1 :5 x    
ceases to burn let a p]son ) a spade    
turn out ! ne/2 9 ?is mann] a great     
numb] may be effectually  de/roy$ 9 "o  
night4 ,& a m simple me?od ?an ?is1 ev51
 has  be5 rec5tly discov]$3 ,x is by    
putt+ turp5t9e 9 a bottle1 &  ins]t+ !  
neck ( ! bottle into ! hole lead+ to !  
ne/ &  surr\nd+ x ) e>?2 v little       
turp5t9e is requir$1 m]ely  z mu* z w   
wet ! sides ( ! bottle2 if appli$ 9 !   
dusk (  ! ev5+ e wasp w be dead by !    
foll[+ morn+4 ,9 no  in/ance1--says a   
,correspond5t1 9 ! ,g>d5]s'             
,*ronicle1--h  ,i kn[n x to fail ( !    
desir$ effect1 except 9 cases :]e !  ne/
 0 deep] 9 ! gr\nd1 or at a great]      
di/ance f ! m\?  ( ! hole ?an ,i _h     
anticipat$2 a p>tial failure may        

sometimes  occur :]e !re happ5s to be   
two entrances to ! ne/1 in/ead (  "o1 b 
a second application ! foll[+ ev5+ is   
sure to prove  effectual4      ,,july4  
,small hives & glasses mu/ n[ be tak5 (f
 z !y are fill$ &  seal$ up1 7& /or$ 9  
cool places1 obs]v+ to keep !m 9 !  same
 position z :5 /&+ ^u ! /ocks17 & _!    
places  suppli$ by empty ones4 ,g on    
de/roy+ wasps' ne/s4      ,,augu/4      
,cont9ue to take (f hives & glasses z !y
 are fill$1 b supply  no fre% ones1 !   
honey season be+ n[ *iefly ov]4         
,,septemb]4    ,small hives rema9+ ^u ! 
/ocks t are only p>tially fill$  ) honey
 may n[ be tak5 (f1 provid+ ! /ock w n  
be too  mu* impov]i%$ !reby2 :]ev] !    
*ance ( ?is pres5ts itself  leave !m on 
?r\gh ! w9t]1 or until !y are empti$ by 
!  bees2 ^? p>tially fill$ hives tak5 f 
ri* /ocks may be giv5  to weak ones1 n[1
 or 9 ! spr+ z requir$4 ,robb]s w at ?is
  "t be c>ry+ on _! depr$ations1 & %\ld 
a s]i\s attack be  obs]v$ ! slid]s mu/  
be us$ z be=e direct$4      ,,octob]4   

,exam9e ! cov]+s to ! hives t !y be all 
s\nd1 & t no  ra9 be admitt$ ?r\gh !m2 !
 entrances may n[ be n>r[$2 if          
,taylor's slid] be us$ 7page #ah7 ! side
 ) ?ree op5+s w be  mo/ prop] = ?is     
season4      ,,novemb]4    ,clean !     
floor-bo>ds ( ! hives1 & see t !y /&    
firmly on  _! p$e/als1 contract !       
entrance s t only "o bee c come  out at 
a "t1 = at ?is season mice are likely to
 lodge !mselves  9 ! hives4             
,,decemb]4    ,! same att5tions are     
necess>y ?is mon? z 9 ! two prec$+1  b  
if ! cold %\ld be int5se ! hives mu/ n  
be remov$4                              
,,f9is4                                 
,,index4                                
,page      ,api>y1 situation (          
#a    ,api>y1 to be ne> ! resid5ce ( !  
proprietor        #c    ,adapt]1        
description (                           
#cc    ,aspect = an api>y               
#a      ,bee-boxes1 size (              
#bb    ,bee-glasses1 to place           
#ba    ,bee-h\ses1 injuri\s             

#c    ,bee-mask & gloves                
#bi    ,bee-/+1 to cure                 
#gh    ,bees1 _! disposition to sw>m 9 a
 wet season         #bd    ,bees1 to    
expel f a glass or box                  
#ca    ,bees1 age (                     
#ce    ,bees1 to pur*ase                
#aj    ,bees1 torpid at #cb ( ,fahr5heit
                        #ai    ,bees1   
sw>m at #acj ( ,fahr5heit               
#be    ,bees1 enemies (                 
#cf    ,bees1 to dislodge f trees       
#he      ,clean+ floor bo>ds            
#e    ,comb-knife1 description (        
#gf    ,cond5s]1 ,taylor's              
#ib      ,damp1 to gu>d aga9/           
#ajb    ,diseases1 9 ,bees1 ! cause (   
#bj    ,duration ( a hive               
#fc      ,e>ly fl[]s1 a li/ (           
#g    ,elevation ( a hive               
#d    ,enemies ( ,bees                  
#fa    ,entrances = hives               
#ah      ,fe$+1 me?od (                 
#ed    ,fe$+1 prop] "t =                
#ed    ,fe$]1 f\nta9                    

#ef    ,fe$]1 ,wildman's                
#eg    ,floor-bo>ds1 to clean           
#ajj    ,food prop] = ,bees             
#eh      ,gelieu1 8 ,"w on ,bees        
recomm5d$                     #ae       
,glass ( honey1 to take                 
#cj    ,glass ( honey1 to expel ,bees f 
#ca    ,gloves1 prop] = def5ce aga9/ /+s
                #bi      ,honey quantity
 to take f a sw>m                       
#gd    ,hive1 flat top1 advantages (    
#ag    ,hive-gu>d1 describ$             
#ff    ,hive-dress+1 rem>ks on          
#ga    ,hive1 improv$ cottage           
#ag    ,hive1 ,nutt's describ$          
#hg    ,hive1 small 7or ,cape7 describ$ 
#bb    ,hives1 mann] ( plac+            
#e    ,hives1 mat]ials = mak+           
#ae    ,hives1 to pa9t recomm5d$        
#af    ,human brea? (f5sive to ,bees    
#bi      ,increase ( ,bees              
#ce    ,int]ior ( a hive to be exam9$   
be=e pur*as$       #aa    ,in/ructions =
 depriv+ ,bees                          
#cj      ,knife = cutt+ out combs       

#gf      ,man1 ! pr9cipal enemy ( ,bees 
#fj    ,manual1 ,api>ian's ,mon?ly      
#if    ,me?od ( giv+ food to ,bees      
#ed    ,me?od ( unit+ sw>ms & old /ocks 
#df    ,me?od ( unit+ second & ?ird     
sw>ms                #db    ,me?od (    
unit+ second & ?ird sw>ms 7preface7     
#e    ,me?od ( plac+ glasses ^u !       
,improv$ ,cottage ,hive #ba             
,milk-pan1 good protection = hives      
#bb    ,mort> or clay1 injuri\s to hives
                        #d    ,mo?s'    
wax1 describ$                           
#fc      ,op]ations1 noon ! be/ "t =    
#bh      ,pa9t+ hives1 b5efit (         
#af    ,plants1 to cultivate            
#g    ,poll51 useless z food            
#aa    ,pur*as1 quotations f            
#cf1 #fg    ,pur*as]s ( hives1 caution  
to                          #aa         
,que51 ,bees p[] to produce a           
#dj    ,que5-wasps1 to kill 9 spr+      
#ff      ,robb]-bees1 to "k             
#cc    ,remov+ ,bees                    
#aj      ,slid]1 ,taylor's describ$     

#ah    ,sn[1 a great cause ( !          
de/ruction ( ,bees       #ai1 #if       
,sn[1 ,bees to be conf9$ 9 _! hives s   
long      z x rema9s ^u ! gr\nd         
#ai    ,/eal+ ( ,bees to prev5t         
#hb    ,/icks 9 a hive1 injury (        
#gb    ,/ocks1 me?od ( jo9+             
#dd    ,/ocks & sw>ms to unite          
#df    ,/ocks1 ages (                   
#gc      ,tomtit1 an enemy to ,bees     
#fe    ,temp]ature ( hives              
#be    ,!rmomet] useful 9 sw>m+ "t      
#bg      ,v5tilation & room prev5ts     
sw>m+                   #be             
,v5tilator1 ,taylor's recomm5d$         
#bf      ,wasps-ne/s1 easy way ( de/roy+
                     #aja    ,wat]1     
important 9 ! bre$+ season              
#c    ,wat]1 me?od ( supply+ x          
#c      ,london3 ,newby1 ,mortim]       
,/reet1 ,cav5di% ,squ>e4                
,illu/ration3 ,figures #a-g      ,fig4  
#a   ,improv$ ,cottage ,hive     #b     
,improv$ ,cottage ,hive ) small hive    
affix$     #c   ,hive %[+ ! op5+ on top 

#d   ,small ,hive ) glass op5+     #e   
,adapt] = small ,hive or ,box     #f    
,knife = cutt+ out ! comb     #g   ,box 
to be us$ in/ead ( small ,hive          
,illu/ration3 ,figures #h-aj            
99       99       99       99       99  
,transcrib] ,note    ,! text con/antly  
ref]s to illu/ration figures f ,!       
,cottag]'s  ,guide by ! same au?or & are
 includ$ 9 ! ,f\r? ,edition4  ,!re=e1 a 
copy ( ! two ,illu/rations :i* %[       
,figures #a-aj h  be5 provid$ at ! end (
 ! volume4 ,to accomodate placem5t ( !  
two footnotes & an associat$            
illu/ration1 a split 9 ! p>agraph  0    
made on page #ai aft] ! ^w app>atus4