,transcrib]'s ,notes ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation h be5 /&>dis$ b all o!r spell+ & punctuation rema9s un*ang$4 ,italics are repres5t$ ?us italic4 ,9 prep>ation4 ,a ,h&-book ( ,bodily ,ex]cises1 bas$ ^u ,a4 ,rav5/e9's 8,volks-,turnbu*10 & edit$ by ,e4 ,g4 ,rav5/e91 ,f4,r4,g4,s41 c41 ,presid5t ( ! ,g]man ,gymna/ic ,society ( ,london1 & ,john ,hulley1 ,director ( ! ,a?letic ,club1 ,liv]pool4 ,9 "o volume1 #hvo1 pp4 #djj1 & #gjj woodcuts4 ,?is w be ! mo/ complete "w on ,gymna/ics & all descriptions ( bodily ex]cises ev] publi%$ 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,,cont5ts3 ,hi/ory ( ,gymna/ics--,con/itution ( ,gymna/ic ,societies--,on ! mann] ( conduct+ ! ,ex]cises--,di/ribution into ,squads--,tra9+ ( ,in/ructors--,gymna/ic ,fe/ivals & ,competitions--,sanit>y ,rules--,ex]cises )\t app>atus--7free ex]cises1 walk+1 runn+1 co-op]ative & facto-gymna/ical ex]cises1 wre/l+1 box+1 c47--,ex]cises ) portable app>atus 7w&s1 dumb-bells1 clubs1 b>s1 c47--,ex]cises at fix$ app>atus 7rack1 p>allel b>s1 horse1 buck1 climb+ & escalad+1 leap+ & vault+1 sw+s1 c474 ,,london3 ,n4 ,,tr,,bn] ,,co41 #fj1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 ,,jackson',s ,,gymna/ics ,,= ,,! ,,f+]s ,,& ,,wri/1 ,,be+ ,a ,,sy/em ,,( ,,gymna/ics1 ,,bas$ ,,on ,,anatomical ,,pr9ciples1--,,= ,,develop+ ,,& ,,/r5g!n+ ,,! ,,muscles ,,( ,,! ,,h&2 ,,= ,,musical1 ,,me*anical1 ,,& ,,m$ical ,,purposes4 ,) ?irty-sev5 ,diagrams4 ,,london3 ,n4 ,,tr,,bn] ,,co41 #fj1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 #ahfe4 ,"r ( ,translation res]v$4 ,! :ole ( ! ,engrav+s conta9$ 9 ?is "w 7 execut$ = ! au?or by ,b]ndt1 9 ,b]l91 ,july1 #ahfd4 ,! app>atus ref]r$ to 9 ?is "w may be _h1 price #cs4 #f;d41 ( ,messrs ,metzl] ,co41 #cf to #ch1 ,great ,m>lbor\gh ,/reet1 ,w4 ,,john ,,*ilds ,,& ,,son1 ,,pr9t]s4 ,,preface4 ,! subject ( ?is little "w develops1 on anatomical & physiological pr9ciples1 a sy/em ( ,gymna/ics = ! ,f+]s & ,wri/1 ! object ( :i* is--1 to lay a solid & sci5tific f\ndation = ! acquisition ( te*nical skill 9 ! f+]s & wri/1 z appli$ to ! play+ on musical in/rum5ts & to f+]-"w g5]ally4 ,= a detail$ acc\nt ( ! circum/ances "u :i* ?is sy/em 0 discov]$1 ,i ref] to ! ,introductory ,rem>ks1 :]e9 ,i h expla9$ ! process ( reason+ & ! s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 :i* enabl$ me to arrive at ! results ,i h n[ ! pleasure ( submitt+ to ! consid]ation ( my c\ntrym52 m especially to all ^? among !m :o are engag$ 9 musical pursuits1 or any o!r "w requir+ ! con/ant use ( ! f+]s4 ,i may simply /ate t bo? ! sci5tific pr9ciples & ! practical utility ( ?is sy/em ( ,gymna/ics--1 aft] hav+ be5 subject$ to ! te/ ( num]\s exp]im5ts--1 h met ) ! approval ( ! highe/ anatomical1 musical1 & gymna/ic au?orities ( ,g]many2 at ^: special solicitation ,i 0 induc$ to make ^! discov]ies kn[n by means ( public & private lectures--1 deliv]$ gratis 9 ! ,g]man language 9 _m ,g]man cities--1 dur+ a j\rney und]tak5 at my own exp5se1 9 ! c\rse ( ! summ] ( #ahfd4 ,i gladly avail myself ( ?is opportunity to return my be/ ?anks to ,pr(essors ,hyrtl1 ,vir*[1 ,h]mann ,mey]1 & ,gries+]2 to ,drs ,ri*t]1 ,c4 ,c4 ,c>us1 ,j4 ,v4 ,c>us1 ,b]5d1 & ,ang]/e92 to ,pr(essors ,mos*eles1 ,kullak1 ,/]n1 ,gey]1 ,kittl1 ,joa*im1 & ,laut]ba*2 to ,capellmei/] ,taub]t1 ,f]d9& ,hill]1 ,la*n]1 ,/rauss1 ,ab5heim1 ,tgli*sbeck1 & ,mey]2 to ,conc]tmei/] ,f4 ,s*ub]t1 ,c>l ,ba]mann1 ,s*oltz1 ,s+]1 ,grn1 & _m o!rs :om space precludes me f m5tion+ "h1--= ! assi/ance !y h giv5 me1 & = ! k9d & fav\rable reception :i* !y1 ! press1 & ! public g5]ally1 gave to my lectures4 ,& ,i indulge ! hope t ?is little "w may meet ) ! same approval f ! m$ical1 musical1 & gymna/ic au?orities 9 ?is c\ntry1 & be a means ( practical utility among ^? = :om x is m p>ticul>ly int5d$4 ,9 all ! gymna/ic e/abli%m5ts ?r\gh\t ,europe & ! civiliz$ _w1 gymna/ic ex]cises h be5 introduc$ = e "p ( ! body except = ! ,f+]s1 not)/&+ t x is ^! important memb]s ( ! human frame--) ! m5tal organs--:i* *iefly di/+ui% ,man f ! ,brute creation4 ,!re=e ,i v5ture to d$icate to ! public--1 8,gymna/ics = ! developm5t ( ! ,muscles1 ,ligam5ts1 & ,jo9ts ( ! ,f+]s & ,h&0--1 specially adapt$ to ,musicians ( all classes1 ,au?ors1 & all :o are occupi$ mu* 9 writ+1 ,arti/s & ,draughtsm51 ,pr9t]s & ,compositors1 ,li?ograph]s & ,engrav]s on /eel & copp]1 ,work]s 9 ivory & wood1 ,wat*-mak]s & f9e ,me*anicians4 ,sp9n]s & ,weav]s1 = ,all female h&iwork1 = ,surgical & anatomical processes1 = ! treatm5t ( rheumatism1 contortions1 & o!r diseases ( ! ,f+]s & ,h&1--& = ,all ^? :o require a flexible ,h&1 or :o e>n _! bread ) _! ,f+]s4 ,,edw9 ,w4 ,,jackson4 ,septemb]1 #ahfe4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,preface4 ,,introductory ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,?is ,,sy/em ,,( ,,gymna/ics ,,= ,,! ,,f+]s ,,& ,,wri/ #a ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,anatomy ,,( ,,! ,,h&4 ,,on ,,ligam5ts1 ,,t5dons1 ,,etc4 #af ,,ii4 ,,! ,,muscles ,,( ,,! ,,h& ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,f+]s #bb ,,iii4 ,,effects ,,( ,,?is ,,gymna/ic ,,treatm5t ,,on ,,! ,,muscles1 ,,ligam5ts1 ,,& ,,jo9ts ,,( ,,! ,,f+]s ,,& ,,! ,,h& #bi ,,iv4 ,,neglect ,,hi!rto ,,( ,,! ,,h& ,,& ,,f+]s #ce ,v4 ,,! ,,f+]-,,jo9ts ,,are ,,! ,,lea/ ,,ex]cis$1 ,,& ,,! ,,weake/ #ci ,,vi4 ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,difficulty ,,does ,,n ,,consi/ ,,9 ,,! ,,read+ ,,( ,,music1 ,,b ,,9 ,,! ,,weakness ,,( ,,! ,,f+]s #da ,,vii4 ,,music ,,is ,,! ,,art ,,:i* ,,makes ,,! ,,highe/ ,,dem&s ,,on ,,! ,,muscles ,,( ,,! ,,f+]s4 ,,mov+ ,,! ,,f+]s ,,up ,,& ,,d[n ,,insuffici5t #dd ,,viii4 ,,arti/s ,,& ,,tea*]s ,,( ,,music #df ,,ix4 ,,free ,,gymna/ic ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,f+]s ,,& ,,?umb #di ,x4 ,,free ,,gymna/ic ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,?umb #ee ,,xi4 ,,free ,,gymna/ic ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,wri/ #eh ,,xii4 ,,me*anical ,,f+]-,,ex]cises #fc ,,xiii4 ,,me*anical ,,f+]-,,ex]cises 7,,cont9u$7 #gj ,,xiv4 ,,me*anical ,,f+]-,,ex]cises 7,,cont9u$7 #hj ,,xv4 ,,bo>d ,,= ,,/ret*+ ,,! ,,muscles1 ,,especially ,,^? ,,( ,,! ,,?umb ,,& ,,! ,,little ,,f+] #hd ,,xvi4 ,,on ,,/r+$ ,,in/rum5ts ,,9 ,,p>ticul>4 ,,! ,,wri/ ,,( ,,! ,,"r ,,h& #hf ,,xvii4 ,,cont9uation #hi ,,xviii4 ,,cont9uation4 ,,/accato #ib ,,xix4 ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks #ie ,,introductory ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,?is ,,sy/em ,,( ,,gymna/ics ,,= ,,! ,,f+]s ,,& ,,wri/4 ,if any "o %\ld desire to "k h[ & 9 :at mann] ,i1 z a private individual1 came to hit ^u ^! discov]ies1 ,i answ] simply3 ,six ye>s ago ,i took my family1 pr9cipally consi/+ ( daught]s1 to ,g]many1 to h !m educat$ !re1 & especially to obta9 = !m good in/ruction 9 music4 ,i soon f\nd t ! me?od ( tea*+ ! pian(orte !n 9 g5]al use 0 v fatigu+ & try+ to ! n]ves2 at ! same "t1 z ,g]many /&s at ! head ( ! musical _w1 t me?od1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 mu/ be consid]$ ! be/ :i* we at pres5t "k4 ,9 ord] to inve/igate t sy/em m m9utely1 ,i visit$ sev]al musical s*ools & cons]vatories = music 9 ,g]many1 inquir+ :at 0 ! v be/ me?od kn[n = /r5g!n+ ! f+]s & wri/1 = br++ !m into ord] & prep>+ !m to play ! pian(orte8 ,! answ] ,i ev]y:]e receiv$ 0 z foll[s3 8,! *ief difficulties & imp$im5ts to be ov]come 9 tea*+ ! piano1 ! viol91 & almo/ all o!r musical in/rum5ts1 are muscul>1 & lie 9 ! jo9ts ( ! f+]s & wri/s2 & ! v be/ me?od ( r5d]+ !m /rong & flexible is frequ5tly & p]sev]+ly to move ! f+]s up & d[n on ! in/rum5t1 pres]v+ ! h& 9 ! same position4 ,?is movem5t1 toge!r ) ! usual f+]-ex]cises1 if cont9u$ = five or six ye>s1 & dilig5tly c>ri$ out1 is usually suffici5t to r5d] ! jo9ts & muscles ( ! f+]s agile & flexible1 & to br+ ! f+]s g5]ally into ord]40 ,i inquir$ fur!r1 8,are ^? ex]cises n v fatigu+80 to :i* ,i 0 answ]$1 8,!y c]ta9ly are v try+ to ! muscles & n]ves20 & :e!r 8! heal? ( ! /ud5ts1 male & female1 did n suff] !reby80 to :i* ! reply 01 t x did1 & t1 inde$1 x 0 sometimes necess>y = !m to discont9ue play+ = "s mon?s2 b !n !y add$1 8,x mu/ be rememb]$ t le>n+ to play ! piano 0 9 itself at all times att5d$ ) v consid]able difficulties40 ,i obs]v$ t ?is result 0 really lam5table2 & inquir$ :e!r !re did n exi/ any o!r me?od = obta9+ ! same end & becom+ pr(ici5t on ! piano8 ,to ?is ,i receiv$ a negative answ]1 & 0 aga9 told1 8,aft] all possible exp]im5ts1 x is ! op9ion ( all arti/s & tea*]s at ! pres5t "t1 9 all cities 9 ,europe1 t ! me?od allud$ to is ! mo/ effective ( any we "k = imp>t+ quickness & flexibility to ! jo9ts ( ! f+]s & wri/40 ,n[ on obs]v+ t my daught]s suff]$ 9 ! same mann]1 ,i said to myself1 8,!re mu/ surely be some?+ wrong "h40 ,& "h ,i w\ld m5tion ! fact t :5 ,i 0 #ab or #ac ye>s ( age ,i le>nt ! viol91 & aft]w>ds = upw>ds ( #ce ye>s discont9u$ x4 ,b lat] 9 life1 desir+ to accompany my *ildr51 ,i 0 induc$ to take up ! viol9 aga94 ,i !n f\nd t1 al?\gh ,i 0 9 all o!r respects exce$+ly /rong & heal?y & capable ( all a?letic ex]cises1 my f+]s & h& 9 a few m9utes became pa9fully fatigu$4 ,! same result foll[$ :5ev] ,i took ! viol9 9 h&1--9 fact1 ,i f\nd t my f+]s 7 ! only weak p>ts ( my body4 ,?is happ5$ a few ye>s ago1 ab\t ! same "t :5 ! above-m5tion$ inquiries took place1 excit+ 9 me great surprise & an e>ne/ desire to se>* into ! cause4 ,i ?\ght to myself1 8,!re mu/ und]lie "s unkn[n hidd5 cause to acc\nt = ?is ph5om5on4 ,i w ?or\ghly probe ! matt]40 ,= ?is purpose ,i n[ put myself 9 ! way ( ^? individually :o e>n _! bread by ! sweat ( _! br[1 viz41 ! smi?1 ! jo9]1 ! bricklay]1 ! lab\r]1 ! peasant1 ! g>d5]1 ! wood-cutt]1 ! m9]1 c4 c4 ,i f\nd t all ^! p]sons "w ) _! arms1 & !reby acquire muscle l /eel & arms l giants2 b t none ( !m "w ) _! f+]s4 ,aft] ?is ,i visit$ boys' & girls' s*ools1 & also obs]v$ !m 9 _! families2 & !re ,i f\nd aga9 t ne>ly all ( !m 9 _! "w made no use ( ! f+]s4 ,! same obs]vation ,i made ) ! educat$ classes1 ( e age & sex4 ,?is discov]$ to me ! fact t ! muscles ( ! f+]s are extremely little ex]cis$ 9 ! ord9>y occupations ( life2 & mu/1 !re=e1 on physiological gr\nd1 be weak2 a fact ( mu* importance4 ,i !n repair$ to ! mo/ r5[n$ gymna/ic e/abli%m5ts ( ! ,cont95t1 & begg$ to be %[n all ! v>i$ gymna/ic ex]cises practis$ on ! body1 f ! cr[n ( ! head to ! sole ( ! foot1 & :5 all ^! v>i\s movem5ts _h be5 exhibit$ be=e me1 ,i inquir$ 8,b :]e are y\r gymna/ic ex]cises = ! f+]s80 8,we h none40 8,:y80 8,we nev] ?\ght ( x40 8,b !y require !m surely z mu* or m ?an all60 8,x has nev] occurr$ to u2 we did n "k ! f+]s requir$ gymna/ics1 & !y h be5 entirely ov]look$40 ,?is disclos$ to me ano!r great fact2 namely1 t ! f+]s are ! only active memb]s ( ! human body to :i* a prop]ly con/itut$ sy/em ( gymna/ic ex]cises has ,,n be5 appli$4 ,i !reupon visit$ h\ses & in/itutions :]e m5 d "w ) _! f+]s1 viz41 :]e c>v]s 9 wood & ivory1 9 /eel1 copp]1 & /one1 pa9t]s & draughtsm51 wat*mak]s & f9e me*ani/s1 sp9n]s & weav]s1 pr9t]s & compositors1 c41 drive _! trade1 & aft] t1 p :o are 9 ! habit ( writ+ mu*1 & ev5 ! :ole day1 su* z au?ors1 copyi/s1 cl]ks1 /5ograph]s1 li?ograph]s1 z well z semp/resses & workwom52--9 %ort1 all ^? :o h mu* f+]-"w1 or e>n _! liv+ by _! f+]s4 ,& "h ,i obs]v$ all k9ds ( f+] diseases1 su* z /iffness ( ! jo9ts & limbs1 writ]s' cramp1 h&s & =e>ms debilitat$ 9 ! highe/ degree1 p>alyz$ limbs1 n]v\s weakness1 c4 ,!n ,i said to myself1 8,a light beg9s to dawn ^u me4 ,i f9d1 fir/1 t ! f+]s are ! lea/ ex]cis$1 9 ! ord9>y occupations ( life1 ( all ! active memb]s ( ! body2 secondly1 t !y are on t acc\nt relatively & physiologically ! weake/2 &1 ?irdly1 t !y are also ! only active memb]s :i* are n gymna/ically tra9$ & treat$4 ,i mu/ consid] ! matt] n[ ,,anatomically1 ,,physiologically1 & ,,gymna/ically40 ,& ,i =?) began to make all sorts ( arti/ic & me*anical exp]im5ts1 = ! purpose ( gymna/ically ex]cis+1 /ret*+1 & develop+ ! muscles1 ! ligam5ts1 & jo9ts ( ! f+]s & h&s 9 all directions1 s z to /r5g!n & prep>e !m = play+ ! piano & ! viol91 z well z o!r in/rum5ts1 & = all k9ds ( f+]-"w & h&icraft4 ,9 do+ s ,i /udi$ ! physiology ( ! muscles & ligam5ts1 & direct$ especial att5tion to ! transv]se metac>pal ligam5t4 ,9 comp>+ ?is anatomy ) ! difficulties exp]i5c$1 ,i s\ght to discov] a means m p>ticul>ly ( /ret*+ ! ligam5ts or b&s :i* run transv]sely across ! h&s & knuckles4 ,?is ,i succe$$ 9 effect+1 & !n ,i discov]$1 to my a/oni%m5t1 t ! mom5t ,i _h appli$ my gymna/ic movem5ts to ^! /\t & v ob/9ate ela/ic b&s1 ! muscles became in/antane\sly loos]1 & mov$ ) greatly increas$ fre$om & agility4 ,9 a ^w1 ! muscles 7 set free4 ,at ! same "t ,i tri$ on myself v>i\s simple1 natural1 free movem5ts ) ! jo9ts ( ! f+]s1 9 ord] to exam9e !m practically & physiologically1 & ?us to f\nd a sy/em on solid pr9ciples4 ,& ,i may "h be p]mitt$ to /ate z ! result1 9 my own case1 t ?\gh at t "t #ed ye>s ( age1 aft] ,i _h dilig5tly practis$ ! c\rse ( gymna/ic ex]cises h]e9 describ$1 a comp>atively %ort "t1 e day1 my f+]s & wri/s became s /rong & flexible t ,i 0 able to play1 & c n[ play ^u ! viol9 _m h\rs daily 9 succession )\t fatigue4 ,i caus$ ! same to be tri$ by _m o!r p]sons also1 ( diff]5t ages4 ,!n ,i f\nd1 to my surprise1 9 ea* case t1 9 ! abs5ce ( prop] gymna/ic ex]cises1 ^! mo/ important p>ts ( ! human frame1 ow+ to _! be+ s unpractis$ 9 ! ord9>y occupations ( life1 & be+ consequ5tly s weak1 are n equal to ! lea/ "w or ex]tion beyond ! usual movem5ts ( daily life1 & t :5ev] any?+ beyond ! ord9>y r\t9e is requir$ ( !m1 !y are f\nd to be utt]ly incapable ( fulfill+ ! task4 ,!n ,i said to myself1 8,i n[ see z cle> z sunlight :5ce arise ! extraord9>y difficulties ( le>n+ to play ! piano & viol94 ,!y arise f ! v fact t an art ! mo/ difficult1 f a muscul> po9t ( view1 :i* we "k (1 has to be p]=m$ ) ! lea/ practis$ &1 proportionately1 ! weake/ ( muscles4 ,! imp$im5ts & difficulties 9 almo/ all cases c be ref]r$ to ! muscles2 & x is ?is weakness :i* mu/ be ov]come40 ,^u ?is ,i repair$ to anatomical1 *irurgical1 & m$ical in/itutions1 9 ord] to /udy /ill fur!r ! anatomy ( ! h&1 ! f+]s1 & ! arm4 ,i f\nd t ! muscles1 ! ligam5ts1 & ! t5dons ( ! f+]s & h&s consi/ ( ela/ic masses1 int]sect+ ! h&1 & runn+ ,,transv]sely z well z ,,longitud9ally2 & ,i especially discov]$1 aft] a numb] ( exp]im5ts1 t ! ,,transv]se ,,ligam5ts1 unless !y be ex]cis$1 rema9 quiet & /iff1 & imp$e to a c]ta9 ext5t ! movem5ts & activity ( ! muscles1 :5 ! latt] are m ?an ord9>ily ex]t$2 t 9 ord] practically to ex]cise & /ret* !m1 & p>ticul>ly ! ,,transv]se ligam5ts & t5dons1 & to r5d] !m /rong & supple1 x is necess>y n only to move ! f+]s up & d[n1 b lat]ally also2 t1 9 %ort1 bo? muscles & ligam5ts ought to be practis$ gymna/ically2 & t ! fatigue & ! dang] to heal?1 ! n]v\s weakness & ! disgu/ (t5 obs]v$ 9 musical /ud5ts1 arise f ! foll[+ causes3 ,fir/ly1 t ! muscles1 t5dons1 & ligam5ts ( ! h& & f+]s are1 proportionately1 ! lea/ practis$1 &1 consequ5tly1 z /at$ be=e1 ! weake/2 ,secondly1 t !y h nev] be5 gymna/ically tra9$ or treat$2 ,?irdly1 t ! me?ods n[ 9 use = /r5g!n+ ^? weak muscles & r5d]+ !m flexible are insuffici5t & errone\s2 ,f\r?ly1 t ! transv]se ligam5ts h nev] be5 /ret*$2 ?us on ^! sev]al gr\nds hamp]+ ! le>n+ ( music ) unnatural difficulties1 & ) ex]tions ( ! muscul> & n]v\s sy/em injuri\s to heal?2 ,fif?ly1 t s soon z ! muscles are prop]ly & gymna/ically ex]cis$1 & ! ligam5ts & t5dons /ret*$1 ! f+]s set at lib]ty move glibly & freely ov] ! in/rum5t2 &1 ,six?ly1 t all ?is is readily acc\nt$ = on ! simple/1 ?\gh till n[ unexpla9$1 anatomical & physiological gr\nds4 ,& z reg>ds ! diff]5t p]sons & classes already m5tion$1 :o e>n _! liv+ ) _! f+]s1 x w\ld h be5 easy to prev5t ! v>i\s diseases ( ! same to :i* !y are expos$1 if ! jo9ts ( _! f+]s & h&s _h previ\sly be5 daily practis$1 /r5g!n$1 & prep>$ by transv]sal & longitud9al gymna/ic ex]cises4 ,& m ?an ?is1 ^? sad infirmities might1 9 mo/ cases1 ei!r h be5 entirely cur$ or at any rate alleviat$ by ! above muscul> treatm5t4 ,besides1 a cont9uance ( ! same diseases w\ld be easily obviat$1 if su* treatm5t 7 resort$ to4 ,!n ,i ask$ myself1 8,is any "o to blame t ! facts j m5tion$ h n be5 previ\sly kn[n & act$ ^u80 ,no "o4 ,x c]ta9ly is n ! fault ( ! arti/ & tea*]1 because _! task1 s great 9 itself1 did n necess>ily lead !m to direct _! att5tion to ?is speciality ( gymna/ics4 ,nor c\ld anatomi/s & physicians1 nor o!r le>n$ m51 9 treat+ problems m ne>ly1 & p]haps m important 9 !mselves1 be expect$ to h ?\ght ( x4 ,z we are frequ5tly indebt$ to *ance = ! mo/ important discov]ies1 s x has be5 ) ?is "o4 ,= my "p1 ,i lay claim to v little4 ,! idea _h tak5 hold ( me t a hiatus & a want 9 ! me?od ( le>n+ & practis+ music1 also 9 f+]-"w ( v>i\s k9ds1 exi/$1 & ,i set to "w to fill up ! =m] & to satisfy ! latt]4 ,= sev]al ye>s ,i h indefatigably pursu$ ?is "w 9 ,g]many1 & aft] multif>i\s trials1 exp]im5ts1 & ex]cises1 ,i h happily a*iev$ ! foll[+ simple sy/em ( gymna/ics1 ^: aim & object1 z reg>ds music1 aft] full & complete pro(1 are2 by /r5g!n+ ! muscles & /ret*+ ! ligam5ts ?r\gh c>eful tra9+1 to imp>t to !m flexibility & agility1 to %ort5 consid]ably ! "t ( /udy1 & facilitate ! "w ( bo? tea*]s & /ud5ts2 :il/ z reg>ds all classes g5]ally :o "w ) _! f+]s1 x is calculat$ to a great ext5t to r5d] _! "w m easy1 & 9 case ( disease ( ! f+]s & h&s1 to prev5t x1 to cure x1 or at ! lea/ to dim9i% its injuri\s consequ5ces4 ,hav+ be5 reque/$ by ! highe/ anatomical & arti/ic au?orities 9 ,g]many to give publicity to ?is me?od & to expla9 x p]sonally1 ,i und]took1 9 #ahfd1 at my own exp5se1 f love ( ! art1 a j\rney ?r\gh _m t[ns ( ! ,cont95t1 :]e1 z already /at$1 ,i deliv]$1 9 ! ,g]man language1 a numb] ( private & public lectures on ! subject4 ,& "h ,i desire specially to crave ! =giv5ess ( my k9d ,g]man fri5ds1 if1 9 deliv]+ ^? lectures1 ,i did n at all times express myself 9 acc5ts ( ! pure/ ,g]man1 s9ce ,i only comm5c$ ! /udy ( t difficult language1--= ! fir/ "t 9 my life1--six ye>s ago1 aft] ,i _h atta9$ ! age ( #eb ye>s4 ,! exposition ( ?is me?od hav+ met ) cordial approval1 ,i n[ (f] ! result ( my lab\rs to arti/s1 musical /ud5ts1 & to all fri5ds ( music1 z well z to all ^? :o "w mu* ) _! f+]s1 or :o suff] f f+] disease2 also to anatomi/s1 physiologi/s1 surgeons1 & gymna/s2 indulg+ ! hope t1 if appli$ correctly & c>efully1 !y w g f> t[>ds remov+ ! evils to :i* ,i h allud$1 & be ( mu* practical usefulness & advantage4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,anatomy ,,( ,,! ,,h&4 ,,on ,,ligam5ts1 ,,t5dons1 c4 c4 ,! skeleton ( ! h&1 consi/+ ( #bg bones & mov$ by #dj muscles1 mo/ +5i\sly comb9es firmness ) pliant flexibility1 is equally fit = r\gh "w & ! mo/ subtle occupation1 & corresponds 9 its well-balanc$ me*anism ) t m5tal sup]iority ?r\gh :i* man1 among/ all creatures ! poore/ 9 means ( def5ce1 becomes ! rul] ( liv+ & inanimate nature4 ,! h&1 fix$ to ! end ( a long articulat$ column ( bones1 &1 ?r\gh its sk9-cov]+1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! cavity1 end[$ ) high s5sibility1 raises itself to ! importance ( an organ ( feel+1 :i*1 moveable 9 all directions1 apprizes u ( ! ext5t ( matt]1 & ( its physical qualities4 ,! mo/ anci5t =ms ( measurem5t h1 !re=e1 be5 tak5 f ! l5g? ( ! sev]al subdivisions ( ! h&4 ,! capability ( ! h& ( assum+ ! holl[ %ape ( a spoon1 & ( be+ /ret*$ l a %ovel1 det]m9es its use = ga!r+ & = turn+ up matt]4 ,! curvature ( ! f+]s =ms a /rong & broad hook1 :i* r5d]s excell5t s]vice 9 climb+2 & ! ?umb1 ^: position enables x to be plac$ opposite all ! o!r f+]s1 acts 9 conjunction ) ! latt] l a pair ( p9c]s1 capable ( seiz+ & feel+ small] objects4 ,! ?umb be+ easily moveable & /rong at ! same "t1 is a privilege ( ! human h&4 ,x p[]fully opposes itself aga9/ ! o!r f+]s into ! fi/1 = ! seiz+ & hold+ ( heavy objects4 ,9 do+ ?is ! ?umb inde$ p]=ms almo/ z mu* z ! rema9+ f+]s tak5 toge!r2 x repres5ts "o half ( a pair ( p9c]s1 :]e=e ,alb9 has call$ x ,manus p>va4 ,! unequal l5g? ( ! f+]s is well adapt$ = ! tak+ hold ( sph]ical =ms1 & ! f+]s be+ b5t t[>ds ! holl[ ( ! h& & held toge!r1 encloses an empty space1 :i* is %ut by ! ?umb s]v+ z a lid4 ,! wri/ ( ! h&1 hav+ a circul> %ape1 & be+ compos$ ( sev]al bones1 is mu* less expos$ to ! dang] ( be+ brok51 ?an if "o s+le curv$ bone 7 to take its place4 ,its cavity1 :i* by /rong transv]sal ligam5ts is trans=m$ into a r+1 protects ! b5d+ t5dons ( ! f+]s f pressure & friction4 ,! firm connection betwe5 ! middle h& & ! wri/ r5d]s possible ! actions ( /emm+ & hurl+ ) ! h&s1 & ! longitud9al curve ( ! sep>ate bones ( ! middle h&1 z well z _! ly+ "o at ! side ( ! o!r1 & convexly t[>ds ! back ( ! h&1 facilitates ! =m+ ( ! cavity ( ! h&4 ,! great moveability ( ! f+]s1 & ! _m possible comb9ations ( _! relative positions1 h made !m ! in/rum5ts ( language by signs4 ,! deep slits sep>at+ !m all[ ( fold+ ! h&s1 9 ord] to press ) d\ble =ce1 & ! b5d+ ( ! two la/ f+]-jo9ts1 :i* c only take place at an angle1 imp>ts to ! cl5*$ fi/ a =ce :i* once usurp$ ! place ( "r4 ,h[ necess>y ! jo9t action ( bo? h&s is = c]ta9 p]=mances is prov$ by ! old prov]b3 ,manus manum lavat4 ,9 %ort1 all ! ?\s&fold occupations ( ! h& :i* necessity comm&s & ! m9d develops1 & :i* are an exclusive pr]ogative ( man1 become practicable ?r\gh ! wond]ful /ructure ( ?is in/rum5t4#a ,z reg>ds ! sy/em ( ! gymna/ic tra9+ ( ! f+]s 9 p>ticul>1 :i* ,i am n[ plac+ be=e ! public1 x is f\nd$ on an important fact1 namely1 ! action ( ! ,,ligam5ts ,,& ,,t5dons4 ,x has be5 ackn[l$g$ at all times1 t if a muscle is to be made bo? /rong] & quick] 9 its movem5ts1 x %\ld be ex]cis$2 t ! ligam5ts & t5dons play1 9 ^! ex]cises1 an indisp5sable "p1 has hi!rto 7to use ! words ( a celebrat$ ,g]man physiologi/71 h>dly be5 suffici5tly ackn[l$g$ or expla9$4 ,x is fur!r kn[n1 t ! pr9cipal me?od n[ 9 use ( /r5g!n+ & r5d]+ flexible ! jo9ts & muscles ( ! f+]s 9 play+ ! piano1 consi/s 9 alt]nately rais+ & dropp+ ! f+]s1 & t ?is me?od requires v great ex]tion1 & consumes v mu* "t4 ,n[1 ,i h f\nd1 by means ( _m diff]5t exp]im5ts & ex]cises1 :i* ,i h made ) ! h& & ! f+]s1 t ! tight ligam5ts & sk9-folds1 int]sect+ ! h& transv]sely1 unless !y be ex]cis$1 & if !y be all[$ to rema9 firm1 = ?is v reason1 imp$e ! movem5ts ( ! muscles :5ev] !y are m ?an ord9>ily ex]t$2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 ! /ret*+ ( ! transv]sal ligam5ts produces a rem>kable influ5ce on ! moveability ( ! f+]s & ! h&1 facilitates ! "w ( ! muscles1 & imp>ts to !m fre$om1 /ead9ess1 & precision4 ,by plac+ ! cyl9d]s to be us$ = ?is purpose betwe5 ! f+]s = only a v %ort "t1 & !reby ex]cis+ ! ligam5ts ( ! h&1 bo? transv]sely & longitud9ally1 ! movem5t ( ! f+]s is at once r5d]$ mu* easi] & quick]4 ,?is result c only be expla9$ by ! fact t ! ligam5ts & folds ( ! h&1 hav+ be5 /ret*$ by ! cyl9d]s1 h become loos5$1 &1 !re=e1 z ,i said be=e1 imp$e less ! muscles 9 _! fatigu+ "w4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 all ! muscles1 ligam5ts1 & t5dons are put into motion 9 bo? directions1 longitud9ally & transv]sely1 !y soon become /rong & flexible4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,joseph ,hyrtl3 ,lehrbu* d] ,anatomie4 #dte ,auflage4 ,wi51 #ahee4 ,erasmus ,wilson1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,sy/em ( ,human ,anatomy4 #h? ,edition4 ,london1 #ahfb4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,muscles ,,( ,,! ,,h& ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,f+]s4 ,leav+ aside ! vessels & n]ves unconnect$ ) our subject1 we may describe ! h& z be+ compos$ ( ?ree classes ( organs1 #a4 bones ) jo9ts1 #b4 ligam5ts1 #c4 muscles4 #a4 ,,bones ,,) ,,jo9ts4 ,! h& is subdivid$ into five sep>ate limbs 7f+]s71 ly+ "o at ! side ( ! o!r1 & be+1 at ! l[] end1 firmly jo9$ toge!r into "o :ole4 ,ea* ( ^! five limbs 7f+]s7 is compos$ ( a r[ ( bones1 hav+ ! nature ( long bones4 ,! fir/ ( ^! bones1 next to ! l[] arm1 is call$ ! metac>pal or middle-h& bone 7,fig4 #a a72 ! o!rs are call$ f+]-jo9ts4 ,! ?umb has only two f+]-jo9ts1 ! o!r f+]s ?ree ea*4 ,! f\r? & fif? f+]s are ! weake/ ( all4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,! union ( ! five f+]s into "o :ole is effect$ by means ( ! extremities ( ! middle-h& bones1 commonly kn[n z knuckles1 :i* are turn$ t[>ds ! =e>m1 be+ connect$ ) "o ano!r by v tight transv]sal ligam5ts 7,fig #b aa & ,fig4 #c bb71 & be+ ?us connect$1 are aga9 fix$ to a r[ ( f\r r\ndi% bones1 jo9$ to "o ano!r 9 ! same mann] 7,fig4 #a b74 ,?us1 ! five middle-h& bones & ! f\r bones ( ! upp] wri/ =m "o firm /ructure4 ,9 ?is /ructure ! middle-h& bone ( ! ?umb & ( ! little f+] c be m easily mov$ ?an ! o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is moveability ( ! two extreme middle-h& bones1 x is possible to move ! two edges ( ! h& close to "o ano!r1 :]eby ! cavity ( ! h& assumes ! %ape ( a groove4 ,! /ructure "h describ$ 7! h&1 9 ! n>r[] s5se ( ! ^w7 is jo9$ to ! l[] arm by means ( ?ree muscles1 ! po/]ior r[ ( ! bones ( ! wri/ 7,fig4 #a c74 ,! movem5t betwe5 ^! bones & ! h& is h>dly any?+ b a h+e-movem5t2 t betwe5 !m & ! l[] arm1 h[ev]1 is a movem5t 9 almo/ all directions4 ,! b5d+ & /ret*+ ( ! h& is1 !re=e1 produc$ ) ! p>ticipation ( bo? jo9ts1 ! side movem5t ( ! h&1 h[ev]1 almo/ exclusively by ! jo9t situat$ betwe5 ! po/]ior r[ ( ! bones ( ! wri/ & ! l[] arm4#b #b4 ,,ligam5ts4 ,all ! f+]-jo9ts are provid$ ) capsules1 :i* are wov5 out ( /rong transv]sal fibres 7,fig4 #c aa74 ,! bones ( ! wri/ are connect$ betwe5 !mselves & ) ! bones ( ! middle-h& by tight transv]sal & longitud9al ligam5ts1 z se5 9 ,fig4 #b aa1 bb4 ,la/ly1 ! two ends ( ! middle-h& bones1 or knuckles1 are connect$ ) "o ano!r & ) ! fir/ jo9ts ( ! f+]s by a sep>ate /rong1 transv]sal ligam5t 7,fig4 #b aa1 ,fig4 #c bb74 #c4 ,,! ,,muscles ,,( ,,! ,,h& consi/ #a4 ,( muscles 7f\r 9 numb]7 ris+ f ! l[] arm & b5d+ ! wri/ up & d[n1 "r & left 7,fig4 #c c1 d1 e74 #b4 ,( muscles ( ! f+]s4 ,^! are subdivid$ into-- a4 ,ext5sors ( ! f+]s1 be+ situat$ 9 ! back "p ( ! h& & ris+ f ! bones ( ! l[] arm 7,fig4 #d a74 b4 ,b5d]s ( ! f+]s4 ,two muscles1 ! "o = ! second jo9ts ( ! f+]s 7,fig4 #c d71 ! o!r = ! fir/ jo9ts ( ! f+]s & ! jo9ts ( ! nails 7,fig4 #c e7 also ris+ f ! bones ( ! l[] arm4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 c4 ,contractors ( ! f+]s1 ris+ f ! h& itself1 betwe5 ! bones ( ! middle-h& 7,fig4 #d b71 & ext5d+ z f> z ! fir/ f+]-jo9t 7,fig4 #d b74 d4 ,two muscles1 also ris+ f ! cavity ( ! h&1 & mov+ ! little f+] t[>ds ! ?umb 7,fig4 #c g74 ,lumbricales1 or ,flexores primi ,int]nodii ,digitorum1 are situat$ 9 ! holl[ ( ! h&1 & pass to _! t5d9\s implantations ) ! int]ossei at ! fir/ jo9t ( ea* f+]1 ext]nally & lat]ally1 next ! ?umb 7,fig4 #d a1 b74 ,^! p]=m ^? m9ute motions ( ! f+]s :5 ! second & ?ird int]nodes are curvat$ by ! muscles1 & !re=e are us$ 9 play+ musical in/rum5ts1 :5ce !y are nam$ ,musculi ,fidic9ales1 or fiddle-muscles4#c ,,footnotes3 #b ,lu!r ,hold51 ,manual ( ,anatomy 7,london1 #ahfa71 ,lectur] on ,anatomy 9 ,b>?olomew's ,hospital4 ,h]mann ,mey]3 ,lehrbu* d] ,physiologis*5 ,anatomie4 ,leipzig1 #ahef4 #c ,william ,c[p]1 ,myotomia re=mata4 ,london1 #agbd4 ,ri*>d ,qua91 ,pr(essor ( ,cl9ical ,surg]y1 ,surgeon ,extraord9>y to ! ,que54 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,effects ,,( ,,?is ,,gymna/ic ,,treatm5t ,,on ,,! ,,muscles1 ,,ligam5ts1 ,,& ,,jo9ts ,,( ,,! ,,f+]s ,,& ,,! ,,h&4#d ,aft] ! explanations j giv51 x may readily be conceiv$ :at effects ! cyl9d]s plac$ betwe5 ! f+]s & ! gymna/ic /aff mu/ produce on ! jo9ts & ligam5ts ( ! h&4 #a4 ,! ligam5ts connect+ ! bones ( ! middle-h& among/ !mselves & ) ! f+]s 7,fig4 #b aa7 are ext5d$ & /ret*$ 7,fig4 #c bb71 & ?us ^? jo9ts1 s important 9 play+ on musical in/rum5ts1 are r5d]$ m moveable4 #b4 ,! connect+ l9ks betwe5 ! bones ( ! middle-h& & ! bones ( ! wri/ are loos5$ 7,fig4 #b bb74 #c4 ,almo/ all ! ligam5ts ( ! cavity ( ! h& are made flexible4 #d4 ,at ! same "t1 all ! muscles ( ! h&1 & p>ticul>ly ! muscles situat$ betwe5 ! bones 7,fig4 #d b71 g5]ally s little practis$1 are /irr$ into activity by ! cyl9d]s1 ! /ick1 ! /aff1 & ! free ex]cises4 ,f ! diagrams 7,fig4 #b & #c7 x may be pla9ly se51 :at 0 m5tion$ be=e1 viz41 t ! movem5t ( ! middle-h& & ( ! bones ( ! wri/ 9 g5]al1 unless specially practis$1 is v inconsid]able2 :ile ?r\gh ! cyl9d] gymna/ics prescrib$ 9 ?is "w1 t limit$ movem5t ( ! bones is r5d]$ m easy4 ,x may also be se5 f ! diagrams t1 if bo? ! great & ! small tight transv]sal ligam5ts rema9 /ill & firm1 !y imp$e & r5d] m difficult ! free movem5t ( ! f+]s 9 e direction2 & ^! ligam5ts w always rema9 /iff & tight1 unless !y be specially tra9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,= ?is reason ! cyl9d] ex]cise1 j m5tion$1 is p>ticul>ly int5d$ to loos5 ! imp$+ transv]sal ligam5ts1 z well z to ex]cise & /r5g!n all ! muscles ( ! h& & f+]s4 ,to conv9ce y\rself t ?is op9ion is correct1 ext5d y\r f+]s = two m9utes only ) ! cyl9d]s allud$ to1 & y w f9d t ! f+]s in/antane\sly move mu* m easily1 & t ! muscles1 lib]at$ f _! tight1 /iff neighb\rs1 act ) mu* great] fre$om4 ,9 ! same mann] z ) ! cyl9d]s1 ! greate/ advantage may be exp]i5c$ f ! use ( ! gymna/ic /aff or /ick4 ,! pr9ciple on :i* ^! movem5ts are f\nd$ is1 t by !m almo/ all ! muscles ( ! h& & ! f+]s1 ! smalle/ z well z ! l>ge/1 :i* 9 play+ musical in/rum5ts & all ! o!r occupations ( ! f+]s be> ! *ief "p1 are /irr$ into action4 ,at ! same "t1 ! extraord9>y effect ( ! free ex]cises on ! l>ge f+]-jo9ts & on ! ligam5ts & t5dons is increas$4 ,& fur!r--e portion ( ! h& & f+]s1 ligam5ts1 t5dons1 jo9ts1 & p>ticul>ly ! muscles1 are well practis$1 /r5g!n$1 & r5d]$ flexible1 by ! f+]s be+ /ret*$ & ext5d$ on1 press$ & ex]cis$ aga9/1 a solid body4 ,f9ally1 :ile imp>t+ to ! muscles ( ! f+]s & h& f> great] /r5g? & ease ?an ! cont9u$ quick movem5t on ! musical in/rum5t is calculat$ to affect1 all ^! ex]cises affect ! n]ves 9 a less] degree1 & prep>e ! f+]s = all k9ds ( "w4 ,^! results1 obs]v$ & te/$ by me c\ntless times1 are ( ! greate/ importance to all ^? :o "w ) _! f+]s1 b m p>ticul>ly to ^? engag$ 9 musical pursuits1 :o1 in/ead ( be+ ov]:elm$ ) fatigu+ "w z be=e1 w f9d t by ^! ex]cises _! /udies are facilitat$ & dive/$ ( mu* ( _! previ\s tr\ble & vexation4 ,,! ,,wri/4 ,?is jo9t1 :i* = play]s on ! piano & o!r in/rum5ts is ( su* great importance 7,fig4 #b c71 %\ld also be ex]cis$ gymna/ically2 s9ce1 by means ( ! gymna/ic ex]cises "h recomm5d$1 /r5g? & flexibility w be ga9$ 9 a v %ort "t1 & a great deal ( tr\ble sav$4 ,nor ought x to be ov]look$ t = all ^? :o "w ) _! f+]s1 a flexible1 pliant wri/ is a great help1 & t by x all ! jo9ts ( ! h& are made to act h>moni\sly toge!r4 ,,footnotes3 #d ,anatomi/s & physicians ( great em95ce h obs]v$ to me1 8,y\r anatomical rese>*es h solv$ "s important que/ions long held 9 dispute by physiologi/s1 & are ( great practical value40 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,neglect ,,hi!rto ,,( ,,! ,,h& ,,& ,,f+]s4 ,_m books h be5 writt5 on gymna/ics1 b ,i am n acqua9t$ ) "o :i* treats ( ! gymna/ical ex]cise ( ! f+]s4 ,:y ^! important memb]s ( ! human body %\ld until n[ h be5 s mu* ov]look$ & neglect$1 x is difficult to und]/&4 ,=1 z ,pr(essor ,ri*t] 9 ,dresd5 says1 8,next to ! m p[]ful developm5t ( ! bra91 x is almo/ exclusively ! /ructure & skill ( ! f+]s & h& :i* raises man above ! brute1 & has made him rul] ( ! e>?40 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to height5 ! capacities ( ! human h&1 ! jo9ts ( ! h& & f+]s %\ld1 f e>ly y\?1 be ex]cis$ gymna/ically1 z mu* & 9 z _m v>i\s ways z possible1 p>tly by free ex]cises1 p>tly by means ( me*anical appliances4 ,gymna/ics1 accord+ to anatomi/s & physicians1 is ! /ret*+1 ext5d+1 press+1 & tra9+ ( ! muscles1 ! ligam5ts1 & ! limbs ( ! body4#e ,flexibility1 agility1 & /r5g? c be acquir$ only by means ( a regul> ex]cise ( ! muscles ( ! body4 ,/r5g? & p[] imp>t agility & quickness4 ,?is e physician & e s5sible man kn[s4 ,a soldi] only becomes fit = 8 "w aft] ! muscles ( 8 body h be5 gymna/ically att5d$ to & develop$4 ,any man1 hav+ to p]=m h>d physical lab\r1 mu/ ex]cise 8 muscles gymna/ically1 & e "o ought to ex]cise ^? p>ticul> limbs ! use ( :i* is mo/ necess>y = 8 pr(ession4 ,& m ?an any "o else1 ! tea*]s ( music h to exp]i5ce ! consequ5ces ( a want ( skill & /r5g? 9 ! h&s ( _m le>n]s1 & !y "k h[ greatly a sy/ematic educational tra9+ ( ! f+]s & h&s = ! execution ( ! m delicate movem5ts is ne$$ at all times4 ,nev]!less1 !re are _m arts besides music = :i* ! h& ought to be also tra9$ f e>ly y\?1 9 ord] to be able p]man5tly to accompli%1 9 lat] ye>s1 :at is excell5t1 e4 g41 _m k9ds ( h&icraft1 ma*9e-"w1 ne$le-"w1 anatomy1 & surg]y1 writ+ & draw+1 & all f9e manipulations4 ,an untra9$ h& w ei!r rema9 clumsy 9 ^! bran*es ( "w1 or x w soon fail ?r\gh ov]-ex]tion1 :i* causes a peculi> k9d ( p>alysis1 connect$ ) cramp1 & well kn[n to writ]s 7! s-call$ writ]s' cramp71 b :i* also affects musicians1 arti/s1 %oemak]s1 tailors1 semp/resses1 & o!r work+ p4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t if ?is matt] _h be5 inquir$ into be=e1 & public att5tion direct$ to x1 a great deal ( tr\ble & vexation 9 le>n+ music might h be5 sav$2 ! lab\r ( _m work+ p ( all classes1 :o *iefly h to use _! f+]s1 h be5 greatly facilitat$2 &1 moreov]1 _m diseases ( ! jo9ts ( ! f+]s & h& might h h be5 prev5t$4 ,,footnotes3 #e ,! foll[+ quotations f ! works ( "s ( ! lead+ au?orities may be ( int]e/ to ! read]3-- 8,me?odical gymna/ic ex]cises ( ! h&s & f+]s af=d ! v be/ means ( ov]com+ ! te*nical difficulties40--,s*midt's 8,annals ( ,m$ic9e40 8,te*nical difficulties w mo/ safely & quickly be conqu]$ by prop] gymna/ic ex]cises ( ! h& & f+]s40--,dr ,dietz1 ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,c\ncil ( ,m$ic9e4 8,to obta9 te*nical skill & muscul> /ead9ess1 a gymna/ic education is ! be/ means40--,p4 ,m4 ,l9k4 ,! gymna/ ex]cises 8 limbs ?r\gh prep>atory ex]cises2 h[1 !re=e1 is x possible = ! play] ( ! piano & viol9 to disp5se ) ?is gymna/ic prep>ation ( ! jo9ts ( ! h& & f+]s80--,pr(4 ,rector v4 ,s*midt1 ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,gymnasium4 8,la s\plesse et l't5due des poignets dp5d5t du dveloppem5t gymna/ique des =ces4 ,la gymna/ique dveloppe l'aisance et la grce40--,dr ,m4 ,bally4 8,= s great an art z piano or viol9 play+1 ! muscles ( ! f+]s are weak2 !y ought to be prep>$ by prop] gymna/ic ex]cises40--,f]guson4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,f+]-,,jo9ts ,,are ,,! ,,lea/ ,,ex]cis$1 ,,& ,,! ,,weake/4 ,to become a skilful musician is no small matt]4 ,!re is no art :i* dem&s m lab\r1 pati5ce1 & especially m "t1 ?an1 = in/ance1 piano or viol9 play+2 & at lea/ half ( t "t is = ye>s requir$ = ! p>ticul> purpose ( /r5g!n+ ! muscles ( ! f+]s1 & r5d]+ !m flexible4 ,& :y s _m ye>s8 ,because ! muscles1 ! ligam5ts1 & ! t5dons ( ! f+]-jo9ts & wri/s h n previ\sly be5 gymna/ically ex]cis$ & tra9$4 ,to prove 9 a practical mann] t x is p>ticul>ly important to prep>e ! muscles & ligam5ts ( ! f+]s & h&1 ,i w cite a fact :i* may appe> />tl+1 b :i*1 nev]!less1 is true1 viz41 t ! muscles & t5dons ( ! f+]s1 9 spite ( _! great importance1 are1 proportionately speak+1 ! lea/ ( all practis$ 9 daily life4 ,take all sorts ( p f among/ ! lab\r+ classes1 su* z ! smi?1 ! jo9]1 ! g>d5]1 ! bricklay]1 ! /one-mason1 ! husb&man1 ! day-lab\r]1 c41 c4 ,!y are at "w ! :ole day1 & acquire arms l /eel & muscle l giants2 b !y v r>ely use ! f+]s1 :i*1 !re=e1 rema9 unex]cis$4 ,& x is ! same ) ! educat$ classes1 )\t diff]5ce ( age or sex4 ,?is is ! reason :y ! le>n+ ( piano & viol9 play+ is att5d$ ) su* great difficulties1 & :y ! muscles & ligam5ts ( ! h& ought to be tra9$ by prop] gymna/ic ex]cises4 ,= _! weakness arises1 = physiological reasons1 f ! v fact ( _! inactivity4 ,?is fact ,i w satisfactorily prove 9 ! sequel1 = x =ms ! basis & key ( my discov]ies4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,difficulty ,,does ,,n ,,consi/ ,,9 ,,! ,,read+ ,,( ,,music1 ,,b ,,9 ,,! ,,weakness ,,( ,,! ,,f+]s4 ,9 ! op9ion ( _m1 ! *ief difficulty to be ov]come 9 /udy+ music consi/s 9 le>n+ to read x4 ,b ?is is by no means ! case4 ,! read+ ( music is le>n$ 9 ! same mann] z a *ild le>ns to read lett]s4 ,! fir/ difficulties hav+ be5 ma/]$1 ! task is easy2 z ) a pr9t$ book1 s ) music4 ,consequ5tly ! p>am\nt difficulty is n 9 ! notes1 b 9 ! weakness & awkw>dness ( ! f+]s & wri/s4 ,f ?is1 aga91 x may be pla9ly se5 h[ necess>y x is to tra9 ! f+]s be=e comm5c+ ! "w ( ! head4 ,9 %ort1 :at is want$ is a regul> gymna/ic tra9+ = ! muscles ( ! f+]s1 ! jo9ts1 & ! wri/s2 & x w be f\nd t ! foll[+ ex]cises1 be+ z desirable z !y are applicable = e age1 w /r5g!n & r5d] !m flexible 9 a mo/ surpris+ mann]1 w mat]ially %ort5 ! "t ( /udy1 & save mu* lab\r2 nev]!less1 on t acc\nt ! ord9>y f+]-practice1 scales1 & /udies %\ld ( c\rse ,,n be omitt$4 ,suppose a boy f #aj to #ad ye>s old1 :o is /rong & heal?y by means ( gymna/ics & o!r ex]cises1 set to le>n ! piano or viol94 ,8 body is /rong ) gymna/ic ex]cises1 b 8 wri/s & f+]s are weak & awkw>d4 ,h[ is he1 ) ! me?od n[ 9 use1 to succe$ 9 play+ an in/rum5t well1 )\t v long & we>y+ "w8 ,no wond] t ! pa9ful ex]tion almo/ makes him despair1 & t f9ally he gives up ! ?+ altoge!r4 ,b if1 on ! contr>y1 8 f+]s & jo9ts h be5 gymna/ically tra9$ & ex]cis$ be=eh&1 he w get on easily & quickly1 & cont9ue 8 /udies ) pleasure4 ,_m presid5ts & tea*]s ( ! mo/ celebrat$ gymna/ic in/itutions h1 !re=e1 come to ! det]m9ation to introduce into _! e/abli%m5ts ^! ex]cises 9 addition to ! o!r bran*es ( gymna/ic tra9+4 ,_! practical utility = all ^? :o "w ) _! f+]s1 = anatomi/s1 surgeons1 sculptors1 wat*mak]s1 & _m o!rs1 is z evid5t z _! salut>y effect2--f a m$ical po9t ( view1 9 curvature & p>alysis ( ! h& & =e>m1 9 weakness ( ! muscles & n]ves1 writ]s' cramp1 & simil> compla9ts1--is und5iable4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,music ,,is ,,! ,,art ,,:i* ,,makes ,,! ,,highe/ ,,dem&s ,,on ,,! ,,muscles ,,( ,,! ,,f+]s4 ,,mov+ ,,! ,,f+]s ,,up ,,& ,,d[n ,,insuffici5t4 ,^! ex]cises = p]sons engag$ 9 musical pursuits c1 lea/ ( all1 be disp5s$ )1 because music is ! art :i* makes ! highe/ dem&s on ! muscles ( ! f+]s & wri/s4 ,em95t physiologi/s say1 8,gymna/ic ex]cises = ! f+]s & jo9ts ought to h be5 comm5c$ #aej ye>s ago2 !y =m ! real f\ndation ( practical art40 ,x is1 inde$1 incr$ible t s great an art z piano & viol9 play+ %\ld h arriv$ at s high a /age ( p]fection )\t a previ\s tra9+ ( ! muscles4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 ?is is only to be ascrib$ to ! unremitt+ ex]tions & ! indefatigable zeal ( ! tea*]s1 & to ! unwe>y+ indu/ry ( ! pupils4 ,& h[ mu* easi] might ?is h be5 atta9$6 ,! muscles1 ligam5ts1 & t5dons consi/ ( s(t ela/ic matt]1 &1 z has be5 /at$1 run p>tly longitud9ally1 p>tly transv]sely4 ,?is is a po9t to be borne 9 m9d4 ,x is1 !re=e1 "o-sid$ & errone\s to believe t ! be/ means ( /r5g!n+ ! muscles consi/s 9 simply rais+ & dropp+ ! f+]s4 ,all "o-sid$ practice is hurtful2 & an ex]cise ( ! f+]s limit$ to an upw>d & d[nw>d movem5t1 occasions mu* sev]e "w4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! muscles be mov$ accord+ to physiological pr9ciples1 9 all directions1 bo? lat]ally & up & d[n1 & tra9$ gymna/ically1 !y w become )9 a v %ort "t /rong & flexible4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,arti/s ,,& ,,tea*]s ,,( ,,music4 ,if any "o %\ld say t he has dilig5tly /udi$ ! piano & viol9 aft] ! me?od us$ at pres5t1 & 9 c\rse ( "t has le>n$ & taught x ) ! greate/ success1 )\t hav+ f\nd x necess>y to tr\ble himself ab\t any o!r sy/em1 my reply is1 t music is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful1 & ) respect to muscul> "w1 ! mo/ difficult ( arts1 & t all ! arts & sci5ces1 music n except$1 h made enorm\s /rides 9 advance dur+ ! pres5t c5tury4 ,b exactly because music has become a univ]sal boon = all classes ( ! civiliz$ _w1 "o ought to be s mu* ! less dispos$ to %ut out new ideas respect+ x1 f :atev] side !y may come4 ,! repres5tatives ( ?is art1 pr(essional musicians & tea*]s ( music1 are g5]ally ! mo/ active & (t5 ! mo/ educat$ m51 :o devote _! lives to ! art1 & promote x 9 a way :i* is h>dly ackn[l$g$ suffici5tly by ! musical _w4 ,! mo/ highly hon\r$1 h[ev]1 are ^? :o h made ! greate/ progress 9 !ory & 9 practice1 or :o h readily & g5]\sly ackn[l$g$ su* progress1 f :atev] direction x might come4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ! duty ( all to assi/ tea*]s ( music & pr(ici5ts1 z mu* z possible1 9 promot+ ?is beautiful accompli%m5t2 = ?is reason1 enc\rag$ by p]sons ( ! highe/ di/9ction1 & mov$ by ! love ( ! art & ( mank9d1 ,i v5ture to make kn[n my 8,gymna/ics ( ! ,f+]s & ,wri/10 & to (f] to all :o "w ) _! f+]s 9 g5]al1 & to musicians 9 p>ticul>1 a means :i*1 bas$ on physiological pr9ciples1 leads mo/ surely to ! atta9m5t ( arti/ic execution1 & :i* is 9 itself s simple1 t any *ild may use x2 a means1 too1 :i* w effect a great sav+ ( "t & facilitate ! "w ( bo? tea*]s & /ud5ts4 ,i h only to add t1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 ^! ex]cises1 9 ord] to h ! desir$ effect1 %\ld be p]=m$ gymna/ically & regul>ly1 accord+ to ! directions giv51 & n o!rwise2 :il/1 on ! o!r h&1 !y ought n to be c>ri$ to excess1 nor are !y int5d$ to sup]s$e ! usual f+]-ex]cises1 scales1 & /udies4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,free ,,gymna/ic ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,f+]s ,,& ,,?umb4 ,fir/ movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,/ret* ! f+]s z mu* z possible "o f ! o!r1 let !m fall on ! l>ge muscle ( ! ?umb 7?umb-ball71 & press !m firmly on x2 rema9 = a mom5t 9 ?is position1 & br+ ! ?umb aga9/ ! =ef+]1 #dj times up & d[n4 ,y w f9d t ?is ex]cise1 z well z sev]al o!rs1 if vigor\sly cont9u$ = ?ree m9utes only1 is v fatigu+2 a cle> pro( t ! muscles ( ! f+]s1 al?\gh !y may be q fit = ord9>y daily occupations1 are1 nev]!less1 v weak & incapable :5 any?+ m is dem&$ f !m1 & )\t prop] gymna/ical tra9+1 !y mu/ rema9 s4 ,second movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,/ret* ! f+]s z be=e1 b let ! f+]-ends fall aga9/ ! middle ( ! cavity ( ! h&1 in/ead ( aga9/ ! great muscle ( ! ?umb1 & press !m firmly4 ,to be repeat$ #dj times4 ,?ird movem5t4 ,! foll[+ ex]cise 7#i & #aj7 is int5d$ p>ticul>ly = ! small jo9ts ( ! f+]s4 ,x is effective1 b difficult4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,d n /ret* ! f+]s away f "o ano!r1 b hold !m firmly & close toge!r1 z ?is produces ! effect p>ticul>ly desir$4 ,b5d ! two fir/ f+]-jo9ts ( ! f\r f+]s closely toge!r2 move !m vigor\sly up & d[n1 & press !m on firmly1 )\t1 h[ev]1 mov+ ! l>ge jo9ts4 ,repeat ?is movem5t until y are tir$1 :i* w n be long1 ?us af=d+ ano!r practical pro( h[ weak ! untra9$ f+]-jo9ts are4 ,?is is also an excell5t ex]cise = ! ?umb1 provid$ x is made sl[ly & vigor\sly4 ,x may also be made ) out/ret*$ f+]s4 ,i aga9 repeat t no "o :o has n already tri$ ! above or simil> ex]cises ( ! f+]s1 w be able vigor\sly to cont9ue !m = ev5 s %ort a "t z ?ree m9utes )\t exp]i5c+ pa9ful fatigue4 ,& :y8 ,because1 z ,i h demon/rat$ be=e1 ! jo9ts ( ! f+]s & wri/s are1 9 ! ord9>y occupations ( life1 ! lea/ ( all ex]cis$1 & consequ5tly ! weake/1 9 comp>ison ) :at !y h aft]w>ds to p]=m4 ,aft] ?is exp]i5ce p w1 9 future1 h>dly v5ture to tea* & to cont9ue ! ex]cise ( an art l music 7:i*1 f a muscul> po9t ( view1 is ! mo/ difficult ( all71 ) muscles ! weake/ & lea/ tra9$1 )\t hav+ previ\sly prep>$ !m by prop] gymna/ic ex]cises4 ,f\r? movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,! la/ free ex]cise = ! f+]-jo9ts1 :i* ,i w recomm5d "h 7#aa & #ab71 consi/s 9 mov+ all ! f+]s & ! ?umb simultane\sly toge!r1 t is to say1 9 /ret*+ !m f> away f "o ano!r1 l claws1 & mak+ all sorts ( ecc5tric movem5ts 9 :atev] direction y please1 & z long z y l or are able1 b always vigor\sly4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,free ,,gymna/ic ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,?umb4 ,al?\gh x is n easy to prescribe complete gymna/ic ex]cises = ! ?umb1 ! foll[+1 if made vigor\sly1 w1 nev]!less1 be f\nd v effective4 ,fir/ movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,/ret* ! f+]s z f> z possible away f "o ano!r1 !n press ! h& firmly toge!r1 ! ?umb be+ held fa/ 9 ! cavity ( ! h&2 cont9ue = a mom5t 9 ?is position1 & !n repeat ! same movem5t1 alt]nately op5+ & clos+ ! h&4 ,second movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,hold ! f+]s close toge!r1 /ret* out ! ?umb1 & !n p]=m ) ! latt] a circul> movem5t inside ! h&1 fir/ #bj times to ! "r1 !n #bj times to ! left3 to be repeat$ aga9 & aga94 ,?ird movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,take hold ( ! ?umb ( ! "o h& ) ! f+]s ( ! o!r1 or ) ! :ole h&1 & %ake x or b5d x to its root1 )\t1 h[ev]1 ov]do+ ei!r4 ,9 %ort1 p]=m e day "s ex]cise ) ! ?umb1 :]eby x w be suffici5tly br\ght into ex]cise4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,free ,,gymna/ic ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,wri/4#f ,fir/ movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,move ! wri/1 )\t mov+ ! arm or elb[1 vigor\sly up & d[n 9 a p]p5dicul> direction1 f #bj to #dj times1 fir/ sl[ly1 !n m quickly2 f9ally1 z quick z possible4 ,9 do+ s1 let ! elb[s re/ close to ! body1 s z to br+ bo? h&s & wri/s into ! prop] position4 ,z soon z y are tir$1 leave (f4 ,second movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,move ! h& horizontally or v]tically )\t mov+ ! arm4 ,to und]/& ! practical utility ( ?is ex]cise 7#ai1 #bj71 x ought to be borne 9 m9d t ! entire action ( ! wri/ is effect$ by two pr9cipal jo9ts1 "o ( :i*1 ! small] ( ! two1 lies at ! root ( ! h&1 & is call$ ! 8jo9t ( ! h&10 by means ( :i* x becomes possible to move ! h&1 indep5d5tly ( ! arm1 at its root4 ,! o!r jo9t1 ! l>g] ( ! two1 rises f ! elb[1 & is call$ ! rotatory jo9t ( ! =e>m4 ,hold+1 !n1 all ! five f+]s close toge!r1 move ! small] jo9t p]p5dicul>ly or horizontally1 z y please1 )\t 9 any way mov+ ! arm1 & at ! same "t hold+ ! elb[ close to ! body4 ,?ird movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,move ! wri/ 9 a slant+ direction "r & left1 z above1 fir/ sl[ly1 !n quick] & quick]4 ,hold ! elb[s z be=e4 ,by ?is movem5t1 bo? ! jo9ts m5tion$ above w be put into action1 #ba1 #bb4 ,illu/ration3 ,f\r? movem5t4 ,fig #bc4 ,! "y viol9i/1 :o g5]ally f9ds ! sideways movem5t ( ! wri/ ( ! "r h& s difficult1 w d]ive great advantage f all ^! wri/ ex]cises4 ,hold+ y\r arm q /ill1 move ! free h& or fi/ vigor\sly r\nd 9 a circle1 #bj times to ! "r1 & #bj times to ! left1 fir/ sl[ly1 !n m quickly4 ,by ?is ex]cise all ! muscles ( ! h& & ! arm w be put into motion1 & ?\gh ! mo/ difficult ( all1 ?is is at ! same "t "o ( ! mo/ important ex]cises4 ,all ^! sev]al free movem5ts ( ! h& & f+]s may be repeat$ _m times1 ) advantage2 /ill by simply p]=m+ !m1 %ort ?\gh !y be1 daily & regul>ly1 ! prescrib$ "t only1 ! desir$ end ( /r5g!n+ ! muscles ( ! f+]s & wri/s1 & r5d]+ !m vigor\s & flexible1 w be surely atta9$4 ,i c\ld m5tion "s o!r free ex]cises ( ! f+]s2 b s9ce !y are nei!r s practical nor s effective z ^? ,i h already describ$1 ,i pref] to omit !m4 ,,footnotes3 #f ,"o or two ( ^! ex]cises may possibly h be5 m5tion$ 9 "s =m] "w4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,me*anical ,,f+]-,,ex]cises4 ,fir/ movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,take = ea* h& ?ree cyl9d]s1 ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* long1 & f half to "o in* 9 diamet]1 accord+ to ! size ( ! f+]s2 place !m betwe5 ! upp] ends ( ! f+]s1 & :ile gradually & conv5i5tly ext5d+ ! muscles1 by b5d+ ! f+]s1 move ! latt] z %[n by ! above figures1 #bd & #be4 ,second movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4 ,move ! cyl9d]s fur!r d[n1 to ! roots ( ! f+]s1 & p]=m ! ex]cises accord+ to ,figs4 #bf & #bg4 ,9 do+ ?is1 put a small r\nd piece ( wood betwe5 ! ?umb & ! =ef+]1 at a di/ance suffici5t to ext5d ! =m] z mu* z possible4 ,leav+ ! o!r f+]s z be=e1 put a l>ge cyl9d] betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] 7#bh & #bi71 s z to entirely fill up ! int]v5+ space4 ,9 do+ ?is1 be c>eful to ext5d ! ?umb z mu* z possible4 ,9 case ! t5sion ( ! f+]s is small1 take small] cyl9d]s3 or if ! latt] %\ld be too h>d = t5d] h&s1 cov] !m ) "s s(t sub/ance1 su* z velvet1 or ! l4 ,illu/ration3 ,?ird movem5t4 ,fig4 #bh4 ,fig4 #bi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p]=m all ^! ex]cises vigor\sly1 &1 if possible1 j be=e practis+ ! musical in/rum5t1 twice or ?ree times daily1 ea* "t = a few m9utes1 especially 9 ! morn+1 on gett+ up4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 aft] eight or #aj h\rs re/1 ! muscles ( ! f+]s & wri/1 l ^? ( ! re/ ( ! body1 are some:at /iff1 & ought to be prep>$ by prop] gymna/ic ex]cises1 be=e beg9n+ to play4 ,besides1 provid$ ov]-ex]tion be avoid$1 !re is n1 accord+ to ! be/ m$ical au?orities1 ! lea/ dang] to be appreh5d$1 f ^! ex]cises1 = ! jo9ts & muscles ( ev5 ! v smalle/ h&s4 ,if play]s ( ! piano & ! viol9 %\ld object t1 9 ! act ( play+1 ! f+]s ne$ n be z mu* ext5d$ z prescrib$ "h1 or ass]t t ! f+]-ex]cises1 scales1 & tudes z at pres5t us$ are p]fectly suffici5t1 & t no?+ m is want$1 ,i c only repeat1 t ! f+]s mu/ be prep>$ 9 ord] to r5d] !m /rong & flexible2 t1 = ?is purpose1 x is necess>y to ex]cise !m gymna/ically1 & t1 z ,i h expla9$ be=e1 ^! prep>atory ex]cises w save mu* "t & tr\ble1 & facilitate ! "w ( bo? tea*]s & pupils2 fur!r--t1 by ! dilig5t practice ( ^! gymna/ics1 ! f+]s become ela/ic & indep5d5t ( ea* o!r2 y acquire !reby complete control ov] !m1 & :5 y h done ?is1 y c move !m & d ) !m z y w4 ,,ano!r ,,mo/ ,,effective mode ( /ret*+ & loos5+ ! t5dons & ligam5ts :i* encompass ! l>ge middle-h& bones1 or 8knuckles10 may be p]=m$ z foll[s3 ,place ! =ef+] ( ea* h&1 up to ! middle jo9t1 firmly on ! table1 & 9 t position press x up & d[n ) a c]ta9 degree ( =ce1 = a few seconds2 !n )draw x1 & apply ! next f+] 9 a precisely simil> mann]2 !n ! two o!r f+]s 9 succession1 ea* f+] rema9+ on ! table alone1 unaccompani$ by any o!r4 ,aft]w>ds apply ! #bnd & #d? toge!r1 exactly 9 ! same way1 = a few seconds2 !n ! #crd & #e?2 la/ly ! ?umb4 ,! pupil may d ?is _m times a day ) great advantage2 = by ?is process ! ligam5ts & t5dons ( ! knuckles are /ret*$ & loos5$1 & ! muscles are set free4 ,( c\rse always ) due mod]ation4 ,,ano!r ,,v ,,important ex]cise1 be>+ *iefly on ! t5dons & ligam5ts ( ! l>ge metac>pal jo9ts or knuckles1 is ! foll[+3 ,) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "o h& take hold ( "o f+] ( ! o!r h&1 & %ake x up & d[n1 = "o m9ute1 to its root4 ,!n take ! o!r f+]s 9 succession 9 l mann]4 ,to be appli$ equally to bo? h&s1 & to be done1 especially ) ! #d? & #e? f+]s sep>ately1 z (t5 z leisure p]mits4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ?is category belongs also ,,ano!r ,,ex]cise ( ! metac>pal jo9ts or knuckles4 ,into ! palm ( "o out/ret*$ h& place ! clos$ f+]s or fi/ ( ! o!r3 !n op5 & close ! latt] z fa/ & z long a "t z is agreeable1 always cont9u+ to press ^u ! palm4 ,*ange h&s & repeat4 ,ev] rememb] t ! difficulties ( br++ ! f+]s into ord] lie1 physiologically1 almo/ all 9 ! middle-h& bones or knuckles2 & z ! five prec$+ ex]cises1--& especially ! ?ree la/1--act 9 a v effici5t & special mann] ^u ! ligam5ts1 t5dons1 & muscles ( ^! & ! o!r jo9ts ( ! f+]s1 !y _c be made too (t54 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,me*anical ,,f+]-,,ex]cises 7,,cont9u$74 ,x is n suffici5t to play ! ord9>y f+]-ex]cises & scales4 ,z has be5 %[n 9 ! op5+ *apt]s1 & 9 ! anatomical repres5tations ( ! h&1 all ! f+]s are n equally /rong2 = in/ance1 ! #d? & #e? f+]s are1 by nature1 mu* weak] ?an ! o!rs1 & x is necess>y to rem$y ?is inequality4 ,ea* f+] ought1 !re=e1 to h gymna/ic ex]cises = itself1 & !y ought to be p]=m$ on "s solid body1 :i* c be firmly grasp$4 ,= ?is purpose take a r\nd /aff1 f #ab to #ah in*es long1 & half to ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick1 on :i*1 at a prop] di/ance f "o ano!r1 r\nd ind5tations are made1 & into :i* ! f+]s are to be plac$ aft] ! mann] illu/rat$ 9 ! adjo9+ & foll[+ figures4 ,illu/ration3 ,! /aff ,directions4 ,place ! ?umb ( ea* h& on "o side1 & ! f\r f+]s v firmly fix$ on ! o!r side ( ! /aff2 raise "o f+] z high z possible1 & let x fall d[n vigor\sly1 l a hamm]1 #bj times 9 succession1 :ile ! ?ree rema9+ f+]s1 /ret*$ out f "o ano!r1 l claws1 rema9 immoveable4 ,9 ! same way ex]cise ! o!r f+]s2 firmly1 sl[ly1 vigor\sly1 & imm$iately aft] ! cyl9d] ex]cises j describ$4 ,repeat ?is ?ree times daily1 ea* "t = five m9utes1 altoge!r = #ae m9utes a day1 b ! (t5] x be done ! bett]4 ,^? play+ ! piano ne$ n conf9e !mselves to "o p>ticul> ex]cise1 b may make use ( all ! figures at pleasure4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4 ,fig4 #ca4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4 ,! f+]s ( ! left h& may also be tra9$ = viol9 play+1 z se5 9 ,fig4 #ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4 ,fur!r ^u ! same4 ,aft] ! cyl9d]s1 by f> ! mo/ effective ( all means = imp>t+1 gymna/ically1 /r5g? & flexibility to ! f+]s1 toge!r ) ev5ness ( vig\r1 individuality1 & indep5d5ce1 is1 daily1 9 ! room1 or :ile walk+1 to take ! above-nam$ /aff1 or1 inde$1 a smoo? r\nd /ick ( #ah in*es long1 & half to ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick1 or an ord9>y walk+-/ick1 & to p]=m on x z foll[s--,) ! f\r f+]s ( "o or bo? h&s firmly press$ & /ret*$ ^u x1 raise "o f+] z high z possible1 &1 z above /at$1 let x fall d[n ^u x vigor\sly1 l a hamm]1 :ile ! o!r f+]s rema9 firmly press$ on ! /ick1 #bj to #cj times 9 succession1 !n 9 c\plets ) ! #e? & #d? f+]s1 !n ) ! #d? & #crd1 !n ) ! #crd & #bnd1 #bj times ea*1 ! two f+]s1 9 all cases1 z /at$1 lift$ z high z possible1 & ! o!rs rema9+1 /ret*$ at ev5 di/ances1 firm ^u ! /aff2 f9ally1 ) ! f\r f+]s ( ea* h&1 #ab times asc5d+1 & #ab times desc5d+1 b always ,,sl[ly1 en]getically1 ) firm pressure1 8& 9 "t40 ,y may occasionally practise a little fa/]1 b x mu/ be ! exception4 ,sl[ mov+1 press+1 & /ret*+ %\ld f ! *ief gymna/ic rule4#g ,9 a simil> mann] y may practise1 sl[ly & ) en]gy1 ) "o or ) bo? h&s1 all sorts ( difficult1 muscul> movem5ts & passages ^u ! /aff1 = example3-- ,fir/ s]ies4 ,9 c\plets #bj to #cj times ea* 9 succession1 ) ! #bnd & #d? f+]s1 alt]nat+1 aft]w>ds1 ) ! #d? & #bnd2 !n ) ! #crd & #e? f+]s1 alt]nat+ ) ! #e? & #crd2 9 ea* case ! two f+]s /ret*$ wide ap>t1 & ! o!r f+]s press$ ^u ! /aff4 ,second s]ies4 ,9 c\plets #bj to #cj times ea* 9 succession1 ) ! #bnd & #crd f+]s1 fir/ close toge!r1 !n wide ap>t1 aft]w>ds alt]nat+ 9 ! same way1 ) ! #crd & #bnd4 ,) ! #crd & #d? f+]s fir/ close toge!r1 !n wide ap>t1 aft]w>ds alt]nat+1 9 ! same way1 ) ! #d? & #crd4 ,) ! #d? & #e? f+]s1 fir/ close toge!r1 !n wide ap>t1 aft]w>ds alt]nat+ 9 ! same way1 ) ! #e? & #d?4 ,9 ea* case sl[ly1 ! two f+]s lift$ z high z is conv5i5t1 #bj to #cj times 9 succession1 & ! o!r f+]s rema9+ firmly fix$ ^u ! /aff4 ,la/ly1 all ! f\r f+]s toge!r1 9 ea* ( ^! v>i$ & diff]5t directions4 ,! numb] ( times ( ea* movem5t1 & ! duration ( "t1 also :e!r all %\ld be made at ! same h\r1 or o!rwise1 is left to ! discretion ( ! tea*] & pupil4 ,i w\ld recomm5d1 at fir/1 ! selection ( ?ree or f\r modes or ex]cises = p]si/5t practice1 to la/ ov] a giv5 p]iod ( "t1 !n to *ange to o!rs4 ,b ! regul> ex]cise ( ! :ole or "p ( !m1 daily1 w1 9 a comp>atively %ort "t1 mo/ surely imp>t imm5se /r5g? to1 & r5d] flexible1 ! muscles & jo9ts ( ! f+]s2 w enable y1 if ! directions be duly foll[$1 to effect = y\rself p]fectly equal & ev5 f+]+1 & r5d] ! f+]s entirely indep5d5t "o ( ano!r4 ,b let all be done ) due mod]ation1 & n driv5 to excess4 ,?is gymna/ic /aff1 or walk+-/ick ex]cise1 h[ev] simple x may appe>1 %\ld1 on no acc\nt1 any s+le day be omitt$4 ,x produces a mo/ surpris+ effect if c>efully & vigor\sly made2 an effect :i* w be ! m rem>kable 9 proportion z ! f+]s are press$ & /ret*$ f> away f "o ano!r4 ,by ?is means all ! v>i\s muscles1 & ev5 ! t5dons1 jo9ts1 & ligam5ts are put into motion1 & bo? f+]s & n]ves are r5d]$ /rong & firm4 ,besides1 no "t ne$ be lo/2 z 9 p]=m+ ^! ex]cises y may conv]se or engage 9 o!r occupations4#h ,9 ?is mann]1 also1 ! #d? f+] may h a special tra9+1 & become equally /rong ) ! o!rs4 ,?is f+] is1 on physiological gr\nds1 ! weake/ ( all1 & aft] a numb] ( va9 attempts at rem$y+ its well-kn[n weakness1 "s physiologi/s ( note 9 ,g]many1 h gone s f> z to sugge/ ! idea :e!r x w\ld n be well to cut ! ligam5t jo9+ ! two f+]s1 9 ord] to set ! #d? f+] free4 ,b x is unnecess>y to h rec\rse to su* rude & unnatural measures2 ! natural weakness ( ! #d? f+] may be effectually rem$i$1 & may be entirely ov]come1 by ! above ex]cises4 ,! same ex]cises1 if p]=m$ /rictly accord+ to ! directions giv5 above1 are extremely useful = all ! f+]s1 :i* !y w r5d] bo? /rong & flexible4 ,^! ex]cises may be p>tially p]=m$ on musical in/rum5ts2 b !y are f> m effective if made gymna/ically1 z direct$1 because ! f+]s1 9 hav+ a re/+ po9t1 or lev]1 & hav+ some?+ firm to grasp1 are enabl$ to p]=m !m gymna/ically4 ,,footnotes3 #g ,! late ,mr ,clem5ti 0 celebrat$ = ! p]fect ev5ness & beauty ( 8 t\* 9 play+ rapid passages on ! piano4 ,! means by :i* he atta9$ ?is execution he 0 unwill+ to disclose4 ,x is n[ kn[n t he effect$ x by play+ 8 scales ,,v ,,sl[ly1 & ) great pressure ( ea* individual f+] 7see page #if74 #h ,! celebrat$ viol9i/1 ,b]n>d ,molique1 told me lately1 9 ,london1 t :5 he 0 call$ on to play difficult solo pieces 9 public1 he v (t5 play$ !m previ\sly ov] ^u a /ick4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,me*anical ,,f+]-,,ex]cises 7,,cont9u$74 ,moreov]1 beautiful works ( art1 l pian(ortes1 viol9s1 & o!r musical in/rum5ts1 ought n to be us$ z gymna/ic implem5ts4 ,!y are de/9$ = play1 n = gymna/ic appliances4 ,! f+]s & jo9ts ought1 !re=e1 fir/ to be gymna/ically ex]cis$2 !n play ^u ! in/rum5t4 ,! head & ! f+]s ought to g toge!r2 b h[ is ?is possible if ! latt] rema9 beh9d8 ,! m9d /rives =w>d1 ! f+]s keep x back4 ,:y %\ld ?is torture be inflict$8 ,no2 let ! f+]s fir/ be prop]ly tra9$2 !n head & f+]s w g h>moni\sly toge!r4 ,ano!r great advantage att5d+ ! above ex]cises is1 t s long z !y la/1 ! organs ( he>+ are sp>$4 ,_m p]sons1 :o zeal\sly & ) endurance p]=m f+]-ex]cises on musical in/rum5ts1 injure _! heal?1 ?r\gh ! irritation ( ! auditory n]ves1 to su* a degree1 z ei!r to be prev5t$1 on m$ical au?ority1 f cont9u+ to practise1 or o!rwise to be subject$ to s]i\s consequ5ces2 :]eas1 if ! ex]cises are prec$$ by ! gymna/ic movem5ts giv5 above1 ! he>+ organs ( ! pupil w be greatly sp>$1 & n injur$ 9 any way4 ,! greate/ te*nical art consi/s 9 controll+ alike ! f+]s1 ! jo9ts1 & ! n]ves4 ,n[1 if ! muscles & t5dons are ex]cis$ & /r5g!n$ by prop] physical "w1 ! n]ves w be invigorat$ at ! same "t4 ,?is is a well-kn[n fact1 & = ^? engag$ 9 musical pursuits1 an advantage :i* x is impossible to ov]rate4 ,! f+]s !n w n be fatigu$ z easily z be=e1 & y le>n at ! same "t by habit1 to acquire complete control ov] ! jo9ts1 ! muscles1 & n]ves4 ,nor ought ano!r advantage to be ov]look$2 viz41 t 9 reg>d to arti/s & p]sons :o play well1 :5 ^! travel1 or f any o!r cause are prev5t$ f play+ = "s "t on a musical in/rum5t1 !y w be enabl$1 9 ! mann] describ$ above1 to ex]cise effici5tly = a %ort "t daily _! f+]s & jo9ts4 ,?us ! f+]s & jo9ts w n get /iff1 & y w always rema9 _! ma/]4 ,h[ev]1 to atta9 ?is end1 ! ex]cises on ! /ick ought n be p]=m$ c>elessly1 b gymna/ically1 & ,,/rictly accord+ to ! directions giv5 above4 ,! same ex]cises are v useful = p]sons play+ ! viol91 by promot+ ! prop] b5d+ ( ! =ef+] ( ! left h&4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! :ole ( ! above ex]cises are equally fit = all p]sons play+ ! piano1 ! organ1 ! viol91 ! violoncello1 & o!r in/rum5ts2 & !y w f9d1 aft] hav+ accu/om$ !mselves to p]=m !m vigor\sly & gymna/ically = a %ort "t daily1 t !y !n come to ! in/rum5t ) a /r5g? & individuality ( f+] :i* w exce$ _! utmo/ expectations4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,bo>d ,,= ,,/ret*+ ,,! ,,muscles1 ,,especially ,,^? ,,( ,,! ,,?umb ,,& ,,! ,,little ,,f+]4 ,take a bo>d1 ab\t #bb in*es long1 f\r to five in*es wide1 & ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick1 & m>k out on x f\r or five grooves1 ab\t half an in* deep4 ,to fix ?is bo>d on ! table1 h a little l$ge glu$ on to "o ( its sides1 z 9 ,fig4 #cf & #cg4 ,place ! out/ret*$ h& on ! bo>d2 /ret* ! ?umb & ! little f+] z f> z possible away f "o ano!r1 into "o ( ! grooves1 place ! o!r f+]s into "o ( ! o!r grooves1 & set !m 9 motion1 :ile hold+ ! ?umb & little f+] firmly 9 _! places4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4 ,fig4 #cg4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,on ,,/r+$ ,,in/rum5ts ,,9 ,,p>ticul>4 ,,! ,,wri/ ,,( ,,! ,,"r ,,h&4 ,! foll[+ me*anical gymna/ic ex]cises ref] to ! wri/ ( ! "r h&1 & are int5d$ = play]s on /r+$ in/rum5ts4 ,_! *ief purpose is to r5d] ! wri/ ( ! "r h& & ! =e>m /rong & flexible4 ,?is all /ud5ts f9d v difficult2 x w soon be evid5t = :at reason4 ,x is a fact ackn[l$g$ by ! mo/ celebrat$ musicians1 t ! pr9cipal b[+ difficulties 9 play+ ! viol9 arise f ! wri/4 ,?is is *iefly ow+ to ! circum/ance t1 9 play+ ! viol91 ! movem5t sideways ( ! wri/ is a peculi> "o1 be+1 9 fact1 totally diff]5t f any o!r movem5ts tak+ place 9 ! ord9>y occupations ( life4 ,if1 !re=e1 x be desir$ to dim9i% ! pa9ful "w1 z cu/om>y at pres5t1 x is indisp5sable to prep>e ! wri/ & arm by ex]cises l ^? we are ab\t to describe4 ,take ?ree times daily1 & p>ticul>ly e>ly 9 ! morn+1 a /ick or cane exce$+ ! l5g? ( a viol9 b[ by #h-aj in*es1 hold+ x 9 y\r "r h& ! same z a b[2 lay x on ! left h&1--:i* is to be rais$ to ! same height z if play+ ! viol9 or violoncello1--& move x vigor\sly up & d[n z foll[s3 #a4 ,! entire l5g?1 #cj times2 #b4 ,! middle l5g?2 ) ! =e>m & wri/ only1 )\t mov+ ! upp] arm1 #cj-dj times2 #c4 ,at ! nutt2 ) ! wri/ alone1--& especially up-/roke1--) en]gy2 )\t 9 ! lea/ mov+ ! arm1 #cj-dj times2 #d4 ,at ! extreme head-end2 ) ! wri/ alone1 & ) pressure2 )\t 9 ! lea/ mov+ ! arm1 #cj-dj times4 ,move ! cane alt]nately up & d[n1 press+ x ) ! ?umb & =ef+]1 & look at ! direction ( ! wri/ & ! /ick or cane4 ,) ?is gymna/ic cane y may ex]cise gymna/ically1 at pleasure1 up & d[n /rokes1 triplets1 & all sorts ( b[-movem5ts4 ,! effect y w f9d surpris+4 ,^! ex]cises are p>ticul>ly useful = ! /ud5t4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 !y c also be p>tially made ) ! b[1 b n ) ! same effect4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 7,,cont9u$74 ,!re is ano!r v effective gymna/ic ex]cise = /r5g!n+ & r5d]+ flexible ! wri/ ( ! "r h&4 ,a movem5t resembl+ x has already be5 describ$ above1 b to prev5t any misconception1 ,i ?9k x well to give explicit directions respect+ x "h4 ,take hold ) y\r "r h& ( ! extreme end ( a long & r heavy ,alp5/ock1 & :ile cont9ually keep+ ! h& 9 ! same place1 move x ^u ! upheld left h& vigor\sly up & d[n3 #a4 ,) ! :ole arm1 #cj times2 #b4 ,! middle l5g?1 #be times2 #c4 ,z ne> z possible to ! l[] end1 ) ! wri/ alone1 )\t 9 any way mov+ ! arm1 #cj times2 #d4 ,z ne> z possible to ! upp] end1 ) ! wri/ alone1 & especially up-/roke1 )\t 9 any way mov+ ! arm1 #cj times4 ,?is ex]cise1 on anatomical gr\nds1 produces a consid]able effect on ! muscles & s9ews ( ! wri/ & ! =e>m1 9 imp>t+ to !m ! wi%$-= /r5g? & flexibility4 ,besides1 x is a well-kn[n fact t1 hav+ h&l$ a heavy object1 x is m easy skilfully to h&le a light] "o4 ,if x %\ld be object$ t ! la/-m5tion$ gymna/ic ex]cises1 be+ ( r a r\gh k9d1 might spoil ! elegant /roke1 my answ] is1 t ^? s-call$ r\gh ex]cises only la/ a v %ort "t daily1 & are und]tak5 = ! special purpose ( r5d]+ ! arm & wri/ /rong1 easy1 ev51 & flexible4 ,inde$1 if ^! "r-h& ex]cises are made c>efully & accord+ to ! directions giv51 a %ort "t e day1 !y w /r5g!n ! wri/ ( ! "r h& & r5d] x pliant & flexible to su* a degree1 z to enable p]sons1 9 a comp>atively %ort "t1 to play ) ! wri/ almo/ z vigor\sly z ) ! arm4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 ano!r advantage att5d+ ^! ex]cises1 viz41 t1 if cont9u$ = "s weeks only1 & = a few m9utes daily1 !y w soon give ! prop] position to ! /ud5t's arm1 :i*1 consequ5tly1 w n be requir$ to be ti$ to ! body1 z 0 (t5 done 9 =m] times4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,cont9uation4 ,,/accato4 ,a fam\s ,g]man *amb] viol9i/ once rem>k$ to me1 8,i f9d t /accato play+ is ! be/ ex]cise = b[+1 b ,i c't say :y40 ,! reason1 h[ev]1 lies 9 ! fact t1 by frequ5tly play+ ) ! end ( ! b[1 or ) ! /accato-/roke1 ! muscles ( ! wri/ are put 9 motion1 ?us und]go+ a gymna/ic tra9+ by :i* /r5g? & flexibility are acquir$4 ,x is impossible to p]=m ! /accato-/roke well1 unless ! muscles ( ! wri/ h become /rong & agile2 & ! reason :y ! /ud5t f9ds ?is /roke 9 mo/ cases s difficult is1 t ! wri/ has n be5 specially tra9$ & prep>$1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* x rema9s weak & /iff4 ,x ought to be rememb]$ t 9 almo/ all k9ds ( h&iwork 9 daily life1 ! :ole arm is active & 9 motion1 & v r>ely ! wri/ alone4 ,) musical in/rum5ts1 on ! contr>y1 & p>ticul>ly 9 play+ ! viol91 x is necess>y always to use ! wri/1 & x is impossible to play well unless ! wri/ has be5 r5d]$ /rong & ela/ic4 ,x is1 !re=e1 absolutely indisp5sable t prop] gymna/ic ex]cises %\ld be made ) ! wri/1 9 ord] to prep>e x4 ,! wri/1 inde$1 ought to be accu/om$1 9 o!r words1 to move ( itself1 & ! /ud5t ought1 z (t5 z possible1 to p]=m all k9ds ( movem5ts calculat$ to imp>t to x pliancy & /r5g?4 ,x w !n soon become free & easy1 & ! /ud5t w1 9 c\rse ( "t1 acquire ! /ronge/1 mo/ elegant1 & arti/ic /roke4 ,no s+le "o ( ^! practical gymna/ic ex]cises ought to be despis$ on acc\nt ( its simplicity4 ,only try !m1 & !y w be f\nd v effective4 ,all s5sible arti/s & tea*]s w d homage to e improvem5t1 & consid] x _! duty to welcome any assi/ance calculat$ to dim9i% & r5d] light] ! ardu\s toil1 & %ort5 ! valuable "t requir$ = becom+ a pr(ici5t 9 music4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks4 ,i w only add 9 conclusion1 t x w\ld be well n to cont9ue too long ) ! same gymna/ic ex]cise1 b to all[ ! muscles & jo9ts "s *ange1 :i* w be f\nd bo? agreeable & advantage\s4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! /ud5t be tir$ ( "o ex]cise1 he %\ld beg9 ano!r4 ,besides1 if ! f+]s are fatigu$ & hot by play+1 & ! n]ves irritat$1 an ex]cise ( "s ( ! diff]5t free or me*anical gymna/ic appliances w refre% ! muscles1 by imp>t+ to !m a new & an easi] movem5t4 ,& be x rememb]$1 8^! ex]cises are n irksome1 b recreative40 ,x may also be recomm5d$ 9 su* cases1 to dip ! po9ts ( ! f+]s = half a m9ute into half a glassful ( cold wat]1 & let !m get dry ( !mselves1 ?us cool+ by evaporation2 or /ill bett]1 wa% ! h&s ) soap & wat]4 ,to sum up3 ,no /ud5t ought to beg9 to le>n or to play ! piano1 viol91 or o!r musical in/rum5t1 or ev5 to engage 9 any "w or occupation requir+ a /rong & flexible h&1 be=e hav+ set ! jo9ts ( 8 f+]s & h&s 9 ord]1 by means ( prep>atory gymna/ic ex]cises2 & he ought to cont9ue ! same f day to day4 ,let x ev] be borne 9 m9d t mu* rapid play+ affects injuri\sly ! muscles & n]ves2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 sl[ ex]cises & /udies invigorate !m4 ,to borr[ an illu/ration f ! animal _w2 take ! race-horse1 ! fleete/ animal :i* we use 9 ?is c\ntry1 ^: great task requires t 8 muscle %\ld be br\ght into ! highe/ condition ( /r5g? & flexibility4 ,d y suppose t1 9 tra9+ & prep>+ him = ! race1--a process (t5 ext5d+ ov] a consid]able p]iod1--t he is1 9 ! c\rse ( x1 mu* gallop$8 ,by no means6 ,gallop+ =ms ! exception1 &1 dur+ ?is long int]val1 walk+1 trott+1 & cant]+ =m 8 *ief tra9+ paces2 namely1 f\r-fif?s or sev5-eigh?s ( ! "t2 gallop+ only "o-fif? or "o-eigh? "p6 ,8 skilful tra9] kn[s t mu* rapid ex]tion1 su* z gallop+ long cont9u$1 weak5s & we>s out 8 muscle4 ,s1 also1 9 ! hunt+-field & on ! road1 x is 8! pace t kills40 ,ev5 s ) ! play] ^u a musical in/rum5t2 long cont9u$1 rapid movem5ts we> out ! muscle & %ake ! n]ves1 :ile sl[ ex]cises1 h[ev] vigor\sly execut$1 invigorate & /r5g!n bo? 7see p4 #ge1 note74 ,! ex]cises = /r+$ in/rum5ts w be mo/ satisfactorily p]=m$ be=e a look+-glass1 & ,i may "h add t a little "w by ! au?or1 entitl$ 8,gymna/ic ,ex]cises = ! ,viol9 & ,violoncello10 hav+ = its special object ! ex]cise ( ! wri/ ( ! "r h& on ! in/rum5t1 w be publi%$ 9 a %ort "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& "h ,i avail myself ( ?is opportunity to raise a "q = consid]ation reg>d+ t "p ( ! viol9-b[ :i* ! "r ?umb presses4 ,let me ask1 fir/1 :y %\ld ?is little %>p projection be p]mitt$ to appe> on e b[1 to ! prejudice ( ! plac+ firmly ! ?umb !re1 in/ead ( be+ r\nd$ (f8 & secondly1 :y %\ld !re n be plac$1 close to ?is po9t1 especially = /ud5ts1 a small piece ( r\nd gutta p]*a--a gutta p]*a button--z a /ay to ! ?umb8 ,great facility w\ld ?us be af=d$ = hold+ firmly ! b[4 ,any "o may put a piece ( gutta p]*a 9 ! c&le1 &1 :5 s(t5$1 /ick x fa/ on ! place indicat$4 ,f9ally1 ,i repeat t1 9 p]=m+ any ( ^! gymna/ic ex]cises1 ! pr9cipal condition to be adh]$ to is1 t !y %\ld always be made 9 ! morn+1 also imm$iately be=e play+2 & t :ile great vig\r is imp>t$ to !m by foll[+ out /rictly ! directions giv51 any ov]-ex]tion %\ld be avoid$4 ,z to ! claims ( ! au?or himself1 !y are limit$ to an e>ne/ desire1 t 8 8,gymna/ics ( ! ,f+]s & ,wri/10 f\nd$ z !y are on anatomical & physiological pr9ciples1 may f9d fav\r ) ! ,public1 & be in/rum5tal 9 promot+ ! be/ int]e/s ( ,art4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,john ,,*ilds ,,& ,,son1 ,,pr9t]s4 ,,te/imonials4 ,f ,,prescott ,,hewett1 ,f4,r4,c4,s41 ,surgeon to ,/ ,george's ,hospital1 late ,pr(essor ( ,anatomy to ,r4,c4,s4 ,aug4 #bh?1 #ahfe4 8,hav+ c>efully exam9$ ! gymna/ic ex]cises inv5t$ by ,mr ,edw9 ,w>d ,jackson = ! due work+ ( ! f+]s & h&1 ,i h great pleasure 9 /at+ t ,i believe t su* ex]cises w be ( ! greate/ use1 n only to musicians1 b to e "o :o wi%es to possess a p]fectly free use ( 8 h&s4 ,! p[] & ! fre$om obta9able by ex]cises su* z ^! h be5 little ?\ght (2 b f :at ,i h se51 ,i feel confid5t t ,mr ,jackson's ex]cises1 if rightly us$1 are de/9$ to make ! h& mu* m p]fect = all its purposes ?an x really is40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,lu!r ,,hold51 ,f4,r4,c4,s41 ,s5ior ,lectur] on ,anatomy at ,b>?olomew's ,hospital4 ,aug4 #bh?1 #ahfe4 ,s9ce our la/ int]view ,i h (t5 ?\ght & talk$ ab\t ! practical effect ( y\r #8,gymna/ic ex]cises = ! ,f+]s4' ,on anatomical & physiological gr\nds1 x is q c]ta9 t ^! ex]cises are admirably calculat$ to lib]ate ! ligam5ts ( ! f+]s1 & to give a fre] play & increas$ vig\r to ^? muscles ^u :i* _m ( ! v>i$ & m indep5d5t movem5ts ( ! f+]s dep5d4 8,i h no d\bt :atev] t su* ex]cises w be ( ! greate/ s]vice 9 educat+ ! f+]s ( musicians1 & !reby save !m a great deal ( "t & tr\ble40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,ri*>d ,,qua91 ,f4,r4,s41 ,pr(essor ( ,*emical ,surg]y 9 ,univ]sity ,college2 ,surgeon ,extraord9>y to ! ,que54 ,augu/ #bnd1 #ahfe4 ,i write to y ^u ! important facts y 7 good en\gh to communicate to me to-day1 & to expla9 h[ !y may be acc\nt$ = sci5tifically4 ,y\r proposal to ex]cise ! h& & f+]s1 & y\r plan ( sy/ematically c>ry+ out ! proposal s z to be b5eficial to musicians1 are bo? new to me4 ,judg+ on pr9ciple1 & f a k ( :at occurs 9 o!r p>ts ( ! body1 ,i h no d\bt t ! sy/em mu/ be useful1 = x w give increas$ mobility to ! f+]s & increas$ developm5t & p[] to ! small muscles--,lumbricales 7! musculi fidic9ales ( ,c[p]71 & metac>pal int]osse\s1 z well z inde$ to ! g5]al flexors & ext5sors ( ! h&4 ,9 %ort1 ! ex]cises y propose w be to ! h& & f+]s :at ! ord9>y gymna/ic ex]cises are to ! re/ ( ! limbs4 ,! result w be useful :]ev] ! free play & vig\r ( ! f+]s are ne$$2 w\ld !re=e1 ,i anticipate1 be especially advantage\s to musicians1 & ,i am incl9$ to add to pa9t]s & to writ]s also40 444 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,erasmus ,,wilson1 ,f4,r4,s4 8,on c>efully ?9k+ ov] y\r demon/ration ( gymna/ic ex]cises z appli$ to ! h&1 ,i c see 9 x only good2 x is +5i\s1 practical1 & physiological1 & em95tly adapt$ = ! purpose to :i* y propose to adopt x2 namely1 ! manipulation ( ! /r+s & keys ( musical in/rum5ts4 ,i am glad to he> t y int5d to give y\r lab\rs to ! public v %ortly4444 ,i see no possible inconv5i5ce1 mu* less dang]1 9 ! process40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,dr ,,vir*[1 ,pr(essor ( pa?ological ,anatomy1 ,b]l94 ,june #crd4 ,,translation4 8,! exposition ( y\r propos$ ,gymna/ics = ! regul> ex]cise ( ^? portions ( ! body :i* are us$ mo/ p>tially1 namely1 ! f+]s1 des]ves1 assur$ly1 a great & practical recognition4 ,!y are address$1 accord+ to my op9ion1 to a real want or hiatus4 ,n only w !y v naturally s]ve z a special prep>ation = musical objects1 b also = a l p>ticipation ( ! muscle-gr\ps ( ! =e>m & ! h&1 :i*1 9 all ! usual lab\rs ( daily life1 are only v p>tially br\ght into action4 ,9 ! case ( m5 :o only write1 & wom5 :o sew1 or d o!r f9e "w1 ! great disadvantages aris+ f ! special pressure 9 individual gr\ps ( muscles w be altoge!r avoid$2 & ,i reg>d x z extremely probable t y\r gymna/ics w dim9i% or entirely remove _m disord]s1 su* z writ+-cramp1 contortions1 c40 99 99 99 99 99 ,(ficial extract f ! books ( ! ,,society ,,( ,,physicians ,,at ,,b]l9 ( ! ,meet+ held by !m1 ,june #f?4 ,presid5t--,,dr ,,b]5d1 ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,privy ,c\ncil1 & ,director ( ! ,gymna/ic-or?op$ic ,in/itution1 ,b]l94 ,secret>y--,,dr ,,gumb9n]4 8,mr ,jackson f ,engl& deliv]$ a lecture ^u gymna/ics ( ! f+]s & wri/4 ,! fatigue :i* imm$iately att5d$ ! play+ on ! viol9 late 9 life1 incid5t ev5 to a p]son /rong & a?letic 9 all o!r respects1 l$ him to ! discov]y1 aft] l5g!n$ inve/igations1 fir/1 t ! f+]s are ! lea/ ex]cis$ ( all ! active muscles ( ! human body2 secondly1 t !y are !reby1 on physiological gr\nds1 also ! weake/2 & ?irdly1 z he aft]w>ds on m9ute inve/igation f\nd out1 t ! f+]-muscles are almo/ ! only active muscles 9 ! frame to :i* a prop]ly con/itut$ sy/em ( gymna/ics _h nev] be5 appli$4 ,he discov]$ t ! cause ( ?is fatigue lies 9 ! want ( f+]-tra9+2 & ! lectur] expla9$1 & adduc$ pro(1 t ! muscles1 hi!rto con/ra9$ 9 _! movem5ts by tight transv]se ligam5ts1 are in/antane\sly set free by gymna/ic /ret*+ applications to ^? ligam5ts4 ,! society express$ itself entirely 9 accord ) ! !ory z well z ! practice :i* ! lectur] adduc$2 !y desir$ to add t bo? ! "o & ! o!r are entirely new to !m1 & to express a belief t ! same w be introduc$ into e s*ool 9 ,g]many z soon z !y %all be made kn[n4 8,9 express+ _! be/ ?anks to ,mr ,jackson = 8 mo/ int]e/+ disc\rse1 ! society desire to record ! fact1 :i* ! lectur] 9 solicit+ _! indulg5ce /at$1 t he _h comm5c$ ! /udy ( ! ,g]man language = ! fir/ "t at a late p]iod ( life1 namely1 at ! age ( #eb ye>s1 exactly six ye>s ago2 nev]!less ! lectur] seems to h ma/]$ its great difficulties1 & has deliv]$ gratuit\sly ?is & _m o!r lectures extempore 9 excell5t ,g]man1 an a*ievem5t :i* ! society believes to be )\t prec$5t40 ,expressions ( m>k$ approval h also be5 receiv$ f ,w4 ,,f]gusson1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,surgeon ,extraord9>y to ! ,que51 ,,pr(essor ,r4 ,,ow51 ,f4,r4,s41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,briti% ,museum1 ,,dr ,,joseph ,,hir?1 ,pr(essor ( ,anatomy1 ,vi5na1 & o!r di/+ui%$ p]sons4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,john ,,hullah1 ,pr(essor ( ,music 9 ,k+'s ,college & 9 ,que5's ,college2 ,organi/ ( ,*>t]h\se1 c41 c4 ,july #bg?1 #ahfe4 ,mr ,edw9 ,w4 ,jackson has call$ att5tion to an anatomical fact :i* is likely to prove ( great importance to /ud5ts ( in/rum5tal music2 & ! app>atus & c\rse ( ex]cises by :i* he proposes to turn ! k ( ?is fact to acc\nt seem well calculat$ = ! atta9m5t ( ! object he has 9 view--t ( increas+ ! /r5g?1 pliability1 & expansiv5ess ( ! h&40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,e4 ,f4 ,,rimbault1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music 9 ,/ockholm2 ,musical ,exam9] 9 ! ,royal ,college ( ,preceptors1 ,london1 c41 c4 8,mr ,e4 ,w>d ,jackson's discov]y is ( ! highe/ importance to all p]=m]s on musical in/rum5ts requir+ ! use ( ! f+]s4 ,sev]al attempts h be5 made1 at diff]5t times1 to con/ruct app>atus :i* w\ld give /r5g? & ela/icity to ^! important memb]s ( ! h&2 b !y h all signally fail$4 ,mr ,jackson has be5 ! fir/ to consid] ! subject philosophically & anatomically4 ,8 discov]y w =m an era 9 ! progress ( ! manipulation ( ! art40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,jules ,,b5$ict1 ,piani/4 ,july #bbnd1 #ahfe4 8,i believe t ,mr ,jackson's simple b +5i\s contrivance w be highly b5eficial = ! musical /ud5t1 & contribute to ! cle>ness ( t\* & indep5d5ce ( ! f+]s4 ,exp]im5ts on a l>ge scale1 & 9 s*ools :]e music is taught1 w\ld /ill m contribute to acqua9t ! public ) 8 clev] & useful inv5tion40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,pr(essor ,,wyld1 ,mus4 ,doc41 ,cantab42 ,pr(essor ( ,music 9 ,gre%am ,college4 ,july #bcrd1 #ahfe4 8,_m ?anks = s5d+ me y\r pamphlet1 :i* ,i h read v c>efully4 ,x has int]e/$ me v mu*1 & ,i h no d\bt ( ! practical excell5ce ( y\r discov]y40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,prosp] ,,sa9ton1 ,lead] ( ! ,royal ,italian ,op]a2 ( ! ,sacr$ ,h>monic ,society2 ( ! ,musical ,society ( ,london2 & ( ! ,new ,philh>monic ,society4 ,aug4 #e?1 #ahfe4 8,i h great pleasure 9 add+ my te/imony to t giv5 to y by s _m arti/s4 ,i congratulate y ^u y\r inv5tion1 :i* ,i am c]ta9 w be ( great utility to pupils ( ! viol91 9 giv+ to _! f+]s /r5g? & ela/icity40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,walt] ,,macf>r51 ,pr(essor ( ,pian(orte 9 ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music4 ,july #bh?1 #ahfe4 8,mr4 ,edw9 ,w4 ,jackson has done me ! fav\r to expla9 to me 8 new sy/em ( gymna/ics = ! f+]s1 & ,i h no hesitation 9 /at+ t 9 my op9ion x is calculat$ to obta91 by ! simple/ means1 ! indep5d5ce ( wri/ & flexibility ( f+] ess5tial to ! piani/1 or inde$ to ! p]=m] on any key$ in/rum5t4 ,i consid] t ! introduction ( ?is sy/em w\ld be ( great value to bo? pr(essor & pupil 9 s*ools & cons]vatories :]e music is /udi$40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,jos4 ,,joa*im1 ,viol9i/4 8,i mu/1 on reflection1 admit t ! gymna/ics = ! f+]s :i* y sugge/ mu/1 by prop] application ( ! same1 contribute greatly to /r5g!n & r5d] pliant ! f+]-jo9ts40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,pr(essor ,,mos*eles4 8,y\r v +5i\s discov]y t ! necess>y /r5g? & flexibility ( ! f+]s = pian(orte & viol9-play+ c be effect$ by means ( cyl9d]s plac$ betwe5 ! f+]s & o!r appliances1 mu/ prove to be ( great use40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,dr ,h4 ,h4 ,,pi]son1 ,pr(essor ( ,music1 ,ed9burgh4 ,_m ?anks = y\r /aff1 :i* is an excell5t idea1 & a v useful inv5tion1 z well z ! cyl9d]s4 ,! advice conta9$ 9 y\r #8,f+] und ,h&gel5k ,gymna/ik1' toge!r ) ! set ( regulations !re laid d[n1 is ( em95t value1 if prop]ly att5d$ to1 z a means ( prep>+ ! f+]s & wri/s = play+ ! piano1 viol91 c41 & = r5d]+ !m /rong & flexible1 ! two indisp5sable requisites4 ,i p>ticul>ly admire ! extreme simplicity ( all y\r inv5tions1 :i* really rem9d "o ( ! #8,egg ( ,columbus1' & ,i %\ld n be surpris$ if y\r ideas 7s dis9t]e/$ly (f]$ to ! public7 7 to introduce a new era 9 ! /udy ( ! pian(orte & /r+$ in/rum5ts4 ,!y mu/ also be ( signal s]vice to organi/s1 to :om ,i %\ld specially recomm5d y\r app>atus40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,h]rn ,,laut]ba*1 ,viol9i/4 8,be+ always v mu* 9 fav\r ( gymna/ics ( all k9ds1 ,i ha/5 to in=m y t y\r discov]y relat+ !reto has int]e/$ me v mu*1 & ,i am satisfi$ t great good w arise f x40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,h5ry ,,blagrove1 ,pr(essor ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music2 ,lead] ( ! ,philh>monic ,society2 ( ! ,musical ,society ( ,london41 c41 c4 ,july #bbnd1 #ahfe4 8,on p]usal ( y\r ,,ms4 relative to ! developm5t ( ! muscles ( ! h&s1 c41 z appli$ to musicians1 ,i h great pleasure 9 (f]+ y my te/imony to its be+ a valuable adjunct to musical tuition :]e me*anical action is requir$1 su* z = ! piano1 or viol9 & violoncello4 ,i ?9k x %ort5s ! usual r\t9e ( practis+ to ga9 /r5g?1 & w give at once fre$om & =ce to ! h&1 f+]s1 arm1 c40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,j4 ,t4 ,,c>rodus1 ,lead] ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,!atre4 ,july #bcrd1 #ahfe4 8,i am conv9c$ t ,mr ,jackson's inv5tion = ! developm5t ( ! muscles ( ! f+]s & h& w be ( great value to musical /ud5ts40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,e4 ,,aguil>1 ,piani/4 ,july #bbnd1 #ahfe4 8,i consid] ,mr ,w>d ,jackson's sy/em = ! f+]s rem>kable = its simplicity1 +5uity1 & efficacy4 ,i believe t its univ]sal adoption mu/ mat]ially b5efit & assi/ all :o cultivate in/rum5tal music40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,w4 ,,geo4 ,,cus9s1 ,piani/1 ,organi/ to ,h] ,maje/y4 ,july #bg?1 #ahfe4 8,i beg y w p]mit me to say h[ mu* int]e/$ ,i 0 ?is morn+ ) ! highly +5i\s me?od ( develop+ ! h& y 7 k9d en\gh to expla9 to me4 ,i believe y\r discov]y to be ( great importance to musicians :o use _! f+]s4 ,= myself ,i int5d try+ y\r sy/em1 & %all likewise make my pupils use x40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,l9dsay ,,slop]1 ,piani/4 ,july #ca/1 #ahfe4 8,all[ me to express to y ! int]e/ ,i felt 9 y\r sy/em ( f+]-gymna/ics z %[n to me by y la/ week4 ,y\r inv5tions seem to me v likely to produce ! results y h s\ght1 & ,i %\ld be v glad to see _! utility te/$ 9 our music-s*ools40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,b4 ,,molique1 ,piani/4 ,july #bbnd1 #ahfe4 8,mr ,jackson's gymna/ic inv5tion = ! f+]s & wri/s w be ( great b5efit to musical /ud5ts40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,j4 ,,balsir ,,*att]ton1 ,h>pi/ to ,h] ,maje/y ! ,que54 ,july #ca/1 #ahfe4 8,i h tak5 "t to ?9k ov] y\r +5i\s inv5tion1 & am ( op9ion t x w be ( incalculable s]vice to h>p play]s4 ,i c only hope t x w become ext5sively kn[n1 & %all be glad to he> ( ! publication ( y\r =?com+ "w40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,john ,,?omas1 ,h>pi/1 ,pr(essor ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,music2 ,p5c]dd ,gwalia4 ,july #be?1 #ahfe4 8,i h mu* pleasure 9 be>+ te/imony to ! importance ( ,mr ,jackson's simple b clev] inv5tion = r5d]+ ! f+]s indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 & 9 prep>+ !m = execution ^u any musical in/rum5t1 ?us greatly facilitat+ ! atta9m5t ( execution2 & ,i s9c]ely hope t 8 inv5tion w be made public1 9 ord] t ! _w may d]ive ! full b5efit ( x40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,jacques ,,blum5?al1 ,piani/4 ,july #be?1 #ahfe4 8,i h great pleasure 9 /at+ t ,i consid] ,mr ,edw9 ,w4 ,jackson's new sy/em ( gymna/ics = ! f+]s a v +5i\s inv5tion1 & z simple z ,i believe x to be useful to ! /ud5t2 & if g5]ally adopt$ w\ld prev5t1 no d\bt1 _m a heada*e eng5d]$ by ! n[ prevail+ sy/em ( ex]cises = ! pian(orte & viol940 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,adolf ,,pollitz]1 ,viol9i/1 ,royal ,italian ,op]a4 ,july #bd?1 #ahfe4 8,mr ,jackson des]ves ! ?anks ( e in/rum5tali/ = 8 clev] inv5tion = /r5g!n+ ! f+]s2 & ^? :o foll[ 8 v +5i\s sy/em mu/ f9d great b5efit f x40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,r4 ,,sidney ,,pratt51 ,flauti/1 ,royal ,italian ,op]a4 ,july #g?1 #ahfe4 8,i feel satisfi$ t y\r v +5i\s yet simple inv5tion = ! ex]cise & /r5g!n+ ( ! f+]s to ! play]s ( w9d in/rum5ts w be ( ! greate/ value1 z flexibility & /r5g? c be obta9$ ev5 ?\gh ! in/rum5t may n be at h&2 & ,i %all h great pleasure 9 recomm5d+ x to all my pupils1 z well z pr(essional bre?r51 z a ?+ indisp5sable = ! purpose = :i* x is int5d$40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,h5ry ,,laz>us1 ,cl>ioneti/1 ,royal ,italian ,op]a4 ,augu/ #i?1 #ahfe4 ,i 0 v pleas$ inde$ ?is morn+ to he> y expla9 y\r inv5tion ( #8,gymna/ics = ! ,f+]s4' ,x is extremely clev]1 & ,i consid] x w be ( ! greate/ s]vice to all p]=m]s on w9d in/rum5ts1 z well z to piani/s & p]=m]s on /r+$ in/rum5ts4 ,i conceive x w give great facility & less5 ! lab\r40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,alfr$ ,,ni*olson1 ,oboi/1 ,royal ,italian ,op]a4 ,july #bd?1 #ahfe4 8,! sy/em ( gymna/ics = ! h&1 inv5t$ by ,mr ,edw9 ,jackson1 is1 9 my op9ion1 calculat$ to be ( great s]vice to musical pr(essors & /ud5ts1 f ! increas$ /r5g? & flexibility ! f+]s mu/ ga9 by practice "u ?is me?od40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,h4 ,c4 ,,deacon1 ,piani/4 ,july #bh?1 #ahfe4 8,i ?9k y\r sy/em ( h&-ex]cise1 z expla9$ to me ! o!r morn+1 likely to be a useful adjunct to ! pian(orte1 inasmu* z x t5ds to give increas$ ext5sions to an important "p ( ! h&40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,james ,,h[ell1 ,contrebassi/1 ,royal ,italian ,op]a4 ,augu/ #be?1 #ahfe4 8,x is ) great pleasure t ,i te/ify to ! s\ndness & excell5ce ( y\r sy/em ( gymna/ics = ! h&1 z giv+ flexibility & p[] to ! f+]s4 ,x w\ld prove ( great advantage to any memb] ( ! musical pr(ession1 if prop]ly c>ri$ out40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! :ole ( ! ,or*e/ra ( ! ,royal ,op]a-h\se at ,/uttg>t 9 ,wurtemb]g1 te/ifi$ individually z foll[s3 8,t ,mr ,jackson's discov]ies & 8 gymna/ics = ! f+]s & wri/ mu/ c]ta9ly conduce to a quick & sure atta9m5t ( a solid & a la/+ execution ^u ! pian(orte1 z also ^u /r+$ & w9d in/rum5ts1 t !y are new & em95tly practical1 & des]ve to be ev]y:]e adopt$40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ,,edw>d ,j4 ,,hopk9s1 ,organi/ to ! ,hon4 ,societies ( ! ,inn] & ,middle ,temple4 ,sept4 #ac?1 #ahfe4 ,mr ,jackson has be5 s good z to expla9 to me --& to exhibit1 8 app>atus & c\rse ( ex]cises = develop+ & /r5g!n+ ! muscles & p[]s ( ! h&1 :i* ,i firmly believe are calculat$ to be ( v consid]able importance to all practition]s ^u musical in/rum5ts40