,,iol,,u                                
,,iol,,u                           ,,an 
,,an?ology ,,( ,,fri5d%ip               
,,edit$ ,,by                            
,,edw>d ,,c>p5t]                        
,second edition1 enl>g$                 
,,publi%$ ,,by                          
,,swan ,,sonn5s*e9  ,co4 ,,limit$       
,,high ,,/reet1 ,,bloomsbury1 ,,london  
,,& ,,by ,s4 ,,cl>ke ,,at               
#da1 ,,granby ,,r[1 ,,man*e/]           
,,mcmvi            8,& z to ! loves (   
,h]cules x is difficult to record !m    
because ( _! numb]4 ,b "s :o ?9k t ,iolu
 0 "o    ( !m1 d to ?is day wor%ip &    
hon\r him2 & make _!    lov$ ones swe>  
fidelity at 8 tomb40                    
7,plut>*7          ,,preface ,,to ,,fir/
 ,,edition      ,! degree to :i*        
,fri5d%ip1 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! _w1 has  
be5 recognis$ z an in/itution1 & !      
dignity ascrib$ to x1 are  ?+s h>dly    
realiz$ to-day4 ,yet a v slight         
exam9ation ( !  subject %[s ! important 
"p x has play$4 ,9 mak+ ! foll[+        

collection ,i h be5 mu* /ruck by !      
rem>kable mann] 9 :i* !  cu/oms ( v>i\s 
races & times illu/rate ea* o!r1 & ! way
 9  :i* !y po9t to a solid & endur+ body
 ( human s5tim5t on !  subject4 ,by     
arrang+ ! extracts 9 a k9d ( r\gh       
*ronological &  evolution>y ord] f ^?   
deal+ ) primitive races onw>ds1 !       
cont9uity ( ^! cu/oms comes out all ! m 
cle>ly1 z well z  _! sl[ modification 9 
c\rse ( "t4 ,b x mu/ be confess$ t  !   
pres5t collection is only incomplete1 & 
a small contribution1 at  be/1 t[>ds a  
l>ge subject4    ,9 ! matt] ( quotation 
& translation1 my be/ ?anks are due to  
v>i\s au?ors & hold]s ( lit]>y          
copyrights = _! assi/ance  & au?ority2 &
 especially to ! ,ma/] & ,fell[s (      
,balliol  ,college = p]mission to quote 
f ! late ,pr(essor ,j[ett's  translation
 ( ,plato's dialogues2 to ,messrs4      
,george ,bell  ,sons =  leave to make   
use ( ! ,bohn s]ies2 to ,messrs4 ,a4    
,c4 ,black = leave  ( quotation f ! late
 ,j4 ,add+ton ,symonds' ,/udies ( !     

,greek  ,poets2 & to ,messrs4 ,longmans1
 ,gre5  ,co41 = sanction ( extracts  f !
 ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,hut*+s' translation ( ! 
,confessions ( ,/4  ,augu/9e4 ,9 cases  
:]e no ref]5ce is giv5 ! translations   
are by  ! ,editor4                      
,e4 ,c4    ,m>*1 #aijb4                 
,,cont5ts                               
page           ,preface                 
v4        ,i4 ,fri5d%ip-cu/oms 9 !      
,pagan & ,e>ly ,_w                   #a 
,,ii4 ,! place ( ,fri5d%ip 9 ,greek     
,life & ,?\ght                #ci       
,,iii4 ,poetry ( ,fri5d%ip among !      
,greeks & ,romans                 #fe   
,,iv4 ,fri5d%ip 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian &      
,m$ival ,times                 #ie      
,v4 ,! ,r5aissance & ,mod]n ,times      
#aba           ,additions #aijf         
#ahc           ,index                   
#bbe          ,i4    ,fri5d%ip-,cu/oms 9
 ! ,pagan  ,e>ly ,_w                    
,fri5d%ip-,cu/oms 9 ! ,pagan  ,e>ly ,_w 
,fri5d%ip-,cu/oms1 ( a v m>k$ & def9ite 
"*1 h  app>5tly prevail$ among a great  

_m primitive peoples2 b !  in=mation t  
we h ab\t !m is seldom ?or\ghly         
satisfactory4  ,travell]s h be5 cont5t  
to note ext]nal c]emonies1 l !  ex*ange 
( names betwe5 comrades1 or ! mutual    
ta/+ ( ea* o!r's  blood1 b--ei!r f want 
( p]ception or want ( opportunity--h  n 
be5 able to tell u any?+ ab\t ! inn]    
mean+ ( ^!  =malities1 or ! s5tim5ts :i*
 may h inspir$ !m4 ,/ill1  we h mat]ial 
en\gh to indicate t comrade-atta*m5t has
 be5  recognis$ z an important          
in/itution1 & held 9 high e/eem1  among 
q savage tribes2 & "s ( ! foll[+        
quotations w  %[ ?is4 ,:5 we come to !  
high] culture ( ! ,greek age !  mat]ial 
=tunately is abundant--n only = !       
cu/oms1 b 79 ,greek  philosophy &       
poetry7 = ! inn] s5tim5ts :i* inspir$ ^!
  cu/oms4 ,consequ5tly x w be f\nd t !  
major "p ( ?is &  ! foll[+ two *apt]s   
deals ) matt] f ,greek s\rces4 ,!  lat] 
*apt]s c>ry on ! subject 9 loosely      
hi/orical sequ5ce  ?r\gh ! ,*ri/ian     
c5turies d[n to mod]n times4            

,sid5ote3 ,primitive ,c]emony    ,!     
,balonda are an ,african tribe inhabit+ 
,londa l&1 among !  ,s\!rn tribut>ies ( 
! ,congo ,riv]4 ,!y 7 visit$ by         
,liv+/one1 & ! foll[+ acc\nt ( _! cu/oms
 is d]iv$ f  him3--      8,! ,balonda h 
a mo/ rem>kable cu/om ( cem5t+          
fri5d%ip4 ,:5 two m5 agree to be special
 fri5ds !y g    ?r\gh a s+ul> c]emony4  
,! m5 sit opposite ea* o!r    hold+ h&s1
 & by ! side ( ea* is a vessel ( be]4   
,slight cuts are !n made on ! clasp$    
h&s1 on ! pit ( !    /oma*1 on ! "r     
*eek1 & on ! =ehead4 ,! po9t ( a        
grass-blade is press$ aga9/ ea* ( ^!    
cuts1 s z to take    up a little ( !    
blood1 & ea* man wa%es ! grass-blade    
9 8 own be] vessel4 ,! vessels are !n   
ex*ang$ & !    cont5ts drunk1 s t ea*   
imbibes ! blood ( ! o!r4    ,! two are  
!nce=? consid]$ z blood-relations1 & are
    b\nd to assi/ ea* o!r 9 e possible  
mann]4 ,:ile !    be] is be+ drunk1 !   
fri5ds ( ea* ( ! m5 beat on !    gr\nd )
 clubs1 & bawl out c]ta9 s5t5ces z      

ratification    ( ! treaty4 ,x is ?\ght 
correct = all ! fri5ds (    ea* p>ty to 
! contract to dr9k a little ( ! be]4 ,! 
c]emony is call$ #8,kas5di4' ,aft] x has
 be5 complet$1 gifts    are ex*ang$1 &  
bo? p>ties always give _! mo/ preci\s   
possessions40 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,man4  
,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,wood4 ,vol3    ,africa1  
p4 #dai4    ,sid5ote3 ,ex*ange ( ,names 
,among ! ,manganjas & o!r tribes ( !    
,zambesi region1 ,liv+/one  f\nd ! cu/om
 ( *ang+ names preval5t4      8,s99yane 
7a headman7 _h ex*ang$ names ) a ,zulu  
at    ,%upanga1 & on be+ call$ ! next   
morn+ made no answ]2    to a second &   
?ird summons he paid no att5tion2 b at  
l5g? "o ( 8 m5 repli$1 #8,he is n       
,s99yane n[1 he is    ,mo%o%oma2' & to  
?is "n he answ]$ promptly4 ,! cu/om (   
ex*ang+ names ) m5 ( o!r tribes is n    
uncommon2 &    ! ex*ang]s reg>d !mselves
 z close comrades1 ow+ special    duties
 to ea* o!r ev] aft]4 ,%\ld "o by *ance 
visit 8    comrade's t[n1 he expects to 
receive food1 lodg+1 & o!r    fri5dly   

(fices f him40 ,n>rative ( an ,exp$ition
 to !    ,zambesi4 ,by ,david & ,*>les  
,liv+/one4 ,murray1 #ahfe1 p4 #adh4     
,sid5ote3 ,david & ,jona?an    ,9 ! /ory
 ( ,david & ,jona?an1 :i* foll[s1 we h  
an example1  f mu* ! same /age (        
primitive tribal life1 ( a compact      
betwe5  two fri5ds--"o ! son ( ! *ief1 !
 o!r a %eph]d y\?--only 9  ?is case1 9 !
 song ( ,david 78,i am di/ress$ = !e1 my
 bro!r  ,jona?an1 ?y love to me 0       
wond]ful07 we are =tunate 9 hav+ !  inn]
 feel+ pres]v$ = u4 ,x %\ld be not$ t   
,jona?an gives to  ,david 8 8mo/ preci\s
 possessions40      8,& :5 ,saul saw    
,david g =? aga9/ ! ,phili/9e           
7,golia?71 he said unto ,abn]1 ! capta9 
( ! ho/1 #8,abn]1    ^: son is ?is y\?8'
 ,& ,abn] said1 #8,z ?y s\l live?1 ,o   
,k+1 ,i _c tell4' ,& ! ,k+ said1        
#8,inquire ?\ ^: son    ! /ripl+ is4' ,&
 z ,david return$ f ! slaught] (    !   
,phili/9e1 ,abn] took him & br\ght him  
be=e ,saul1 )    ! head ( ! ,phili/9e 9 
8 h&4 ,& ,saul said to him1    #8,^: son

 art ?\1 "y man8' ,& ,david answ]$1 #8,!
 son (    ?y s]vant ,jesse !            
,be?lehemite4'      8,& x came to pass1 
:5 he _h made an end ( speak+ unto      
,saul1 t ! s\l ( ,jona?an 0 knit ) ! s\l
 ( ,david1    & ,jona?an lov$ him z 8   
own s\l4 ,& ,saul took him t    day1 &  
w\ld let him g no m home to 8 fa!r's    
h\se4    ,!n ,jona?an & ,david made a   
cov5ant1 because he lov$ him z    8 own 
s\l4 ,& ,jona?an /ripp$ himself ( ! robe
 t 0    ^u him1 & gave x to ,david1 & 8 
g>m5ts1 ev5 to 8    sword1 & to 8 b[1 & 
to 8 girdle40 #a ,sam4 *4 xvii4 #ee4    
,sid5ote3 ,fl[] ,fri5ds    ,) reg>d to !
 ex*ange ( names1 a slightly diff]5t    
cu/om  prevails among ! ,b5gali coolies4
 ,two y\?s1 or two girls1 w  ex*ange two
 fl[]s 7( ! same k9d7 ) ea* o!r1 9 tok5 
(  p]petual alliance4 ,aft] t1 "o speaks
 ( ! o!r z 8my fl[]10  b nev] alludes to
 ! o!r by "n aga9--only by "s r\ndab\t  
phrase4    ,sid5ote3 ,polynesia ,tahiti 
,h]man ,melville1 :o voyag$ among !     
,pacific ,isl&s 9 #ahda-ahde1  gives "s 

int]e/+ & reliable acc\nts ( ,polynesian
 cu/oms (  t p]iod4 ,he says3--      8,!
 really curi\s way 9 :i* all !          
,polynesians are 9 !    habit ( mak+    
bosom fri5ds at ! %orte/ possible notice
 is    des]v+ ( rem>k4 ,al?\gh1 among a 
p l ! ,tahitians1    vitiat$ z !y are by
 sophi/icat+ influ5ces1 ?is cu/om    has
 9 mo/ cases deg5]at$ into a m]e m]c5>y 
relation1    x nev]!less _h its orig9 9 
a f9e1 & 9 "s in/ances    h]oic1 s5tim5t
 =m]ly ent]ta9$ by _! fa!rs4      8,9 ! 
annals ( ! isl& 7,tahiti7 are examples (
 extravagant    fri5d%ips1 unsurpass$ by
 ! /ory ( ,damon & ,py?ias1 9    tru?1  
mu* m wond]ful2 = not)/&+ !             
devotion--ev5    ( life 9 "s cases--to  
:i* !y l$1 !y 7 frequ5tly    ent]ta9$ at
 fir/ sight = "s /rang] f ano!r         
isl&40 ,omoo1 ,h]man ,melville1 *4 #ci1 
p4 #aed4      8,?\gh little incl9$ to   
jeal\sy 9 7ord9>y7 love-matt]s1    !    
,tahitian w he> ( no rivals 9 8         
fri5d%ip40 ,ibid1    *4 #dj4            
,sid5ote3 ,m>quesas ,isl&s    ,melville 

sp5t "s mon?s on "o ( ! ,m>quesas       
,isl&s1 9 a valley  occupi$ by a tribe  
call$ ,typees2 "o day !re turn$ up a    
/rang]  belong+ to a ho/ile tribe :o    
occupi$ ano!r "p ( ! isl&3--      8,!   
/rang] c\ld n h be5 m ?an tw5ty-five    
ye>s (    age1 & 0 a little above !     
ord9>y height2 _h he be5 a    s+le      
hair's bread? tall]1 ! mat*less symmetry
 ( 8 =m    w\ld h be5 de/roy$4 ,8 unclad
 limbs 7 beautifully    =m$2 :il/ !     
elegant outl9e ( 8 figure1 toge!r )    8
 be>dless *eeks1 might h entitl$ him to 
! di/9ction    ( /&+ = ! /atue ( !      
,polynesian ,apollo2 & inde$    ! oval (
 8 c\nt5ance & ! regul>ity ( e feature  
rem9d$ me ( an antique bu/4 ,b ! m>ble  
repose ( art    0 suppli$ by a w>m? &   
livel9ess ( expression only to    be se5
 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&] "u ! mo/ fav\rable
    developm5ts ( nature4444 ,:5 ,i     
express$ my surprise 7at 8    v5tur+    
among ! ,typees7 he look$ at me = a     
mom5t z    if enjoy+ my p]plexity1 & !n 
) 8 /range vivacity    exclaim$--#8,ah6 

me taboo--me g ,nukuheva--me g ,tior--me
 g ,typee--me    g ev]y:]e--nobody h>m  
me1 me taboo4'      8,?is explanation   
w\ld h be5 altoge!r un9telligible to    
me1 _h x n recall$ to my m9d some?+ ,i  
_h previ\sly    he>d conc]n+ a s+ul>    
cu/om among ^! isl&]s4    ,?\gh ! c\ntry
 is possess$ by v>i\s tribes1 ^: mutual 
ho/ilities almo/ :olly preclude any     
int]c\rse betwe5    !m2 yet !re are     
in/ances :]e a p]son hav+ ratifi$       
fri5dly relations ) "s individual       
belong+ to ! valley1    ^: inmates are  
at w> ) 8 own1 may "u p>ticul>          
re/rictions v5ture ) impunity into !    
c\ntry ( 8    fri5d1 :]e "u o!r         
circum/ances he w\ld h be5    treat$ z  
an enemy4 ,9 ?is light are p]sonal      
fri5d%ips    reg>d$ among !m1 & !       
individual s protect$ is said to    be  
#8taboo1' & 8 p]son to a c]ta9 ext5t is 
held z sacr$4    ,?us ! /rang] in=m$ me 
he _h access to all ! valleys 9    !    
isl&40 ,typee1 ,h]man ,melville1 *4     
xviii4    ,9 almo/ all primitive        

nations1 w>f>e has giv5 rise to         
in/itutions  ( milit>y                  
comrade%ip--includ+1 = in/ance1         
in/itutions (  in/ruction = "y w>riors1 
( p]sonal devotion to _! lead]s1  or (  
p]sonal atta*m5t to ea* o!r4 ,9 ,greece 
^! cu/oms 7  specially def9$1 z lat]    
quotations w %[4    ,sid5ote3 ,tacitus  
on ,milit>y ,comrade%ip    ,tacitus1    
speak+ ( ! arrangem5t among ! ,g]mans by
 :i* ea*  milit>y *ief 0 surr\nd$ by    
y\ng] companions 9 arms1 says3--        
8,!re is great emulation among !        
companions1 :i* %all    possess ! highe/
 place 9 ! fav\r ( _! *ief2 &    among !
 *iefs1 :i* %all excel 9 ! numb] & val\r
    ( 8 companions4 ,x is _! dignity1 _!
 /r5g?1 to be    always surr\nd$ ) a    
l>ge body ( select y\?1 an ornam5t    9 
peace1 a bulw>k 9 w>444 ,9 ! field (    
battle1 x is    disgraceful = ! *ief to 
be surpass$ 9 val\r2 x is    disgraceful
 = ! companions n to equal _! *ief2 b x 
is reproa* & infamy dur+ a :ole succe$+ 
life to retreat    f ! field surviv+    

him4 ,to aid1 to protect him2 to place  
_! own gallant actions to ! acc\nt ( 8  
glory is _!    fir/ & mo/ sacr$         
engagem5t40 ,tacitus1 ,g]mania1 #ac1    
#ad1    ,bohn ,s]ies4    ,sid5ote3 ,!   
,khalifa at ,kh>t\m    ,among ! ,arab   
tribes v mu* ! same ?+ may be f\nd1 e   
,%eikh  hav+ 8 bodygu>d ( "y m51 :om he 
in/ructs & educates1 :ile  !y r5d] to   
him _! milit>y & p]sonal devotion4 ,9 ! 
late  exp$ition ( ! ,briti% to ,kh>t\m  
7,nov41 #ahii71 :5 ,colonel ,w+ate  & 8 
troops m[$ d[n ! ,khalifa & 8 foll[]s ) 
_!  ,maxims1 ! dea? ( ! ,khalifa 0 ?us  
describ$ by a correspond5t (  ! daily   
pap]s3--      8,9 ! c5tre ( :at 0       
evid5tly ! ma9 attack on our "r    we   
came across a v l>ge numb] ( bodies all 
huddl$ toge!r    9 a v small place2 _!  
horses lay dead beh9d !m1 !    ,khalifa 
lay dead on 8 furma1 or %eepsk91 !      
typical end (    ! ,arab ,%eikh :o      
disda9s surr5d]2 on 8 "r 0 !    ,khalifa
 ,aly ,wad ,hila1 & on 8 left ,ahm$     
,f$il1 8 great    fight+ lead]1 :il/ all

 ar\nd him lay 8 fai?ful emirs1    all  
cont5t to meet _! dea? :5 he _h *os5 to 
meet 84    ,8 black ,mulamir91 or       
bodygu>d1 all lay dead 9 a /raight      
l9e ab\t #dj y>ds 9 front ( _! ma/]'s   
body1 ) _!    faces to ! foe & fai?ful  
to ! la/4 ,x 0 truly a    t\*+ sight1 & 
"o c\ld n help b feel t 444 _!    end 0 
truly gr&4444 ,among/ ! dead 7 f\nd two 
m5 ti$    toge!r by ! arms1 :o _h *>g$  
t[>ds ! guns & _h    got ne>] ?an any   
o!rs4 ,on enquir+ ( ! prison]s ,colonel 
,w+ate 0 told ^! two 7 great fri5ds1 &  
on see+ !    ,egyptian guns come up _h  
ti$ !mselves by ! arms ) a    cord1     
swe>+ to rea* ! guns or die toge!r40    
,sid5ote3 ,primitive ,g]mans    ,comp>e 
also ! foll[+ quotation f ,ammianus     
,m>cell9us 7xvi4  #ac71 :o says t :5    
,*onodom>us1 8,k+ ( ! ,alamanni10 0 tak5
  prison] by ! ,romans1      8,8        
companions1 two hundr$ 9 numb]1 & ?ree  
fri5ds    peculi>ly atta*$ to him1 ?9k+ 
x infam\s to survive _!    pr9ce1 or n  
to die = him1 surr5d]$ !mselves to be   

put    9 bonds40    ,sid5ote3 ,s\?      
,african ,tribes    ,! foll[+ passage f 
,liv+/one %[s ! exi/5ce among !         
,african tribes ( 8 "t ( a sy/em1 :i*   
,wood rightly says 8has  a s+ul>        
resemblance to ! in/ruction ( pages 9 ! 
days (  *ivalry03--      8,mon9a 7"o ( !
 conf$]ate *iefs ( ! ,banyai7 _h a great
    numb] ( "y m5 ab\t him1 f twelve to 
fifte5 ye>s (    age4 ,^! 7 all sons (  
free m51 & b&s ( "y lads    l !m 9 !    
diff]5t di/ricts leave _! p>5ts ab\t    
! age ( pub]ty & live ) su* m5 z ,mon9a 
= ! sake    ( in/ruction4 ,:5 ,i ask$ ! 
nature ( ! in/ruction ,i 0    told      
#8,bonyi1' :i* ,i suppose may be        
und]/ood z indicat+    manhood1 = x     
s\nds z if we %\ld say1 #8to tea* an    
,am]ican    ,am]icanism1' or1 #8an      
,engli%man to be ,engli%4' ,:ile "h !y  
are kept 9 subjection to r /r+5t        
regulations4444 ,!y    rema9 unm>ri$    
until a fre% set ( y\?s is ready to     
occupy    _! place "u ! same            
in/ruction40 ,mission>y ,travels &      

,rese>*es 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,by ,david    
,liv+/one1 #aheg1 p4 #fah4    ,m4 ,foley
 7,bulln4 ,soc4 d',an?r4 de ,p>is1      
#ahgi7 speaks ( frat]nity 9  arms among 
! natives ( ,new ,cal$onia z =m+ a close
 tie--clos]  ev5 ?an consangu9ity4      
,sid5ote3 ,greek ,fri5d%ip & ,m$ival    
,*ivalry    ,) reg>d to ,greece1 ,j4    
,add+ton ,symonds has "s int]e/+ rem>ks1
  :i* are well wor?y ( consid]ation2 he 
says3--      8,ne>ly all ! hi/orians (  
,greece h fail$ to insi/ ^u    ! fact t 
frat]nity 9 arms play$ = ! ,greek race !
    same "p z ! idealisation ( wom5 = ! 
knigh?ood (    feudal ,europe4 ,greek   
my?ology & hi/ory are full ( tales    ( 
fri5d%ip1 :i* c only be p>allel$ by !   
/ory (    ,david & ,jona?an 9 ! ,bible4 
,! leg5ds ( ,h]akles &    ,hylas1 (     
,!seus & ,piri?u1 ( ,apollo & ,hyac9?1 (
    ,ore/es & ,pylades1 occur imm$iately
 to ! m9d4 ,among !    noble/ patriots1 
tyrannicides1 lawgiv]s1 & self-devot$   
h]oes 9 ! e>ly times ( ,greece1 we      
always f9d ! names (    fri5ds &        

comrades receiv$ ) peculi> hon\r4       
,h>modius    & ,ari/ogeiton1 :o slew !  
despot ,hipp>*us at ,a!ns2    ,diocles &
 ,philolaus1 :o gave laws to ,!bes2     
,*>iton &    ,melanippus1 :o resi/$ !   
sway ( ,phal>is 9 ,sicily2 ,crat9us    &
 ,ari/odemus1 :o devot$ _! lives to     
propitiate (f5d$    deities :5 a plague 
_h fall5 on ,a!ns2 ^! comrades1    /aun*
 to ea* o!r 9 _! love1 & elevat$ by     
fri5d%ip    to ! pit* ( noble/          
en?usiasm1 7 among ! fav\rite    sa9ts (
 ,greek leg5d & hi/ory4 ,9 a ^w1 !      
*ivalry    ( ,hellas f\nd its motive =ce
 9 fri5d%ip r ?an 9    ! love ( wom52 & 
! motive =ce ( all *ivalry is a         
g5]\s1 s\l-exalt+1 unselfi% passion4 ,! 
fruit :i*    fri5d%ip bore among !      
,greeks 0 c\rage 9 ! face (    dang]1   
indiff]5ce to life :5 hon\r 0 at /ake1  
patriotic    ard\r1 ! love ( lib]ty1 &  
lion-he>t$ rivalry 9 battle4            
#8,tyrants1' said ,plato1 #8/& 9 awe (  
fri5ds4'0 ,/udies (    ! ,greek ,poets4 
,by ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds1 vol4 #a1 p4 #ig4  

,sid5ote3 ,frat]nity 9 ,arms 9 ,sp>ta   
,! cu/oms connect$ ) ?is frat]nity 9    
arms1 9 ,sp>ta &  9 ,crete1 are describ$
 ) c>e & at consid]able l5g? 9 !  foll[+
 extract f ,mll]'s ,hi/ory &            
,antiquities ( ! ,doric  ,race1 book    
iv41 *4 #d1 p>4 #f3--      8,at ,sp>ta !
 p>ty lov+ 0 call$ 1 & 8    affection 0 
t]m$ a brea?+ 91 or inspir+ 772    :i*  
expresses ! pure & m5tal connection     
betwe5 ! two    p]sons1 & corresponds ) 
! "n ( ! o!r1 viz43 1    i4e41 li/5] or 
be>]4 ,n[ x appe>s to h be5 !           
practice = e y\? ( good "* to h 8 lov]2 
&    on ! o!r h& e well-educat$ man 0   
b\nd by cu/om    to be ! lov] ( "s y\?4 
,in/ances ( ?is connection    are       
furni%$ by sev]al ( ! royal family (    
,sp>ta2 ?us1    ,agesilaus1 :ile he /ill
 belong$ to ! h]d 77 (    y\?s1 0 ! he>]
 77 ( ,lys&]1 & himself _h 9    8 turn  
also a he>]2 8 son ,ar*idamus 0 ! lov] (
 !    son ( ,sphodrias1 ! noble         
,cleonymus2 ,cleom5es ,,iii4 0 :5    a  
"y man ! he>] ( ,x5>es1 & lat] 9 life ! 

lov]    ( ! brave ,panteus4 ,!          
connection usually orig9at$ f !         
proposal ( ! lov]2 yet x 0 necess>y t ! 
li/5]    %\ld accept him ) real         
affection1 z a reg>d to ! ri*es    ( !  
propos] 0 consid]$ v disgraceful2       
sometimes1    h[ev]1 x happ5$ t !       
proposal orig9at$ f ! o!r    p>ty4 ,!   
connection appe>s to h be5 v intimate & 
fai?ful2 & 0 recognis$ by ! ,/ate4 ,if 8
 relations 7    abs5t1 ! y\? might be   
repres5t$ 9 ! public assembly by    8   
lov]2 9 battle too !y /ood ne> "o ano!r1
 :]e _!    fidelity & affection 7 (t5   
%[n till dea?2 :ile at home    ! y\? 0  
con/antly "u ! eyes ( 8 lov]1 :o 0 to   
him z x 7 a model & patt]n ( life2 :i*  
expla9s :y1    = _m faults1 p>ticul>ly  
want ( ambition1 ! lov] c\ld    be      
puni%$ in/ead ( ! li/5]40    ,sid5ote3  
,crete      8,?is anci5t national cu/om 
prevail$ ) /ill great] =ce    9 ,crete2 
:i* isl& 0 h5ce by _m p]sons consid]$ z 
! orig9al seat ( ! connection 9 "q4 ,"h 
too x 0    disgraceful = a well-educat$ 

y\? to be )\t a lov]2    & h5ce ! p>ty  
lov$ 0 t]m$ 1 ! prais$2    ! lov] be+   
simply call$ 4 ,x appe>s t !    y\? 0   
always c>ri$ away by =ce1 ! int5tion ( !
    ravi%] be+ previ\sly communicat$ to 
! relations1 :o    h[ev] took no        
measures ( precaution1 & only made a    
feign$    resi/ance2 except :5 ! ravi%] 
appe>$1 ei!r 9 family    or tal5t1      
unwor?y ( ! y\?4 ,! lov] !n l$ him away 
to 8 ap>tm5t 771 & aft]w>ds1 ) any *ance
    companions1 ei!r to ! m\nta9s or to 
8 e/ate4 ,"h !y    rema9$ two mon?s 7!  
p]iod prescrib$ by cu/om71 :i* 7        
pass$ *iefly 9 hunt+ toge!r4 ,aft] ?is  
"t _h expir$1    ! lov] dismiss$ ! y\?1 
& at 8 dep>ture gave him1    accord+ to 
cu/om1 an ox1 a milit>y dress1 & braz5  
cup1    ) o!r ?+s2 & frequ5tly ^! gifts 
7 increas$ by    ! fri5ds ( ! ravi%]4 ,!
 y\? !n sacrific$ ! ox    to ,jupit]1 ) 
:i* he gave a fea/ to 8 companions3 &   
n[ he /at$ h[ he _h be5 pleas$ ) 8 lov]2
 & he    _h complete lib]ty by law to   
puni% any insult or disgraceful         

treatm5t4 ,x dep5d$ n[ on ! *oice ( !   
y\? :e!r !    connection %\ld be brok5  
(f or n4 ,if x 0 kept up1 !    companion
 9 arms 771 z ! y\? 0 !n call$1    wore 
! milit>y dress :i* _h be5 giv5 him1 &  
f\ght 9    battle next 8 lov]1 inspir$ )
 d\ble val\r by ! gods (    w> & love1  
accord+ to ! notions ( ! ,cretans2 & ev5
    9 man's age he 0 di/+ui%$ by ! fir/ 
place & rank 9    ! c\rse1 & c]ta9      
insignia worn ab\t ! body4              
8,in/itutions1 s sy/ematic & regul> z   
^!1 did n exi/    9 any ,doric ,/ate    
except ,crete & ,sp>ta2 b ! feel+s    on
 :i* !y 7 f\nd$ seem to h be5 common to 
all !    ,dorians4 ,! loves (           
,philolaus1 a ,cor9?ian ( ! family (    
! ,bac*iadae1 & ! lawgiv] ( ,!bes1 & (  
,diocles !    ,olympic conqu]or1 la/$   
until dea?2 & ev5 _! graves    7 turn$  
t[>ds "o ano!r 9 tok5 ( _! affection2   
& ano!r p]son ( ! same "n 0 hon\r$ 9    
,meg>a1 z    a noble in/ance (          
self-devotion = ! object ( 8 love40     
,ibid4    ,sid5ote3 ,diocles    ,= an   

acc\nt ( ,philolaus & ,diocles1         
,ari/otle 7,pol4 ii4 #i7 may be  ref]r$ 
to4 ,! second ,diocles 0 an ,a!nian :o  
di$ 9 battle =  ! y\? he lov$4      8,8 
tomb 0 hon\r$ ) !  ( h]oes1 & a    ye>ly
 conte/ = skill 9 kiss+ =m$ "p ( 8      
memorial    celebration40 ,j4 ,a4       
,symonds' 8,a ,problem 9 ,greek ,e?ics10
    privately pr9t$1 #ahhc2 see also    
,!ocritus1 ,idyll xii4    infra4        
,sid5ote3 ,albanian ,cu/oms    ,hahn1 9 
8 ,albanesis*e ,/udi51 says t ! ,dorian 
cu/oms  ( comrade%ip /ill fl\ri% 9      
,albania 8j z describ$ by !  anci5ts10 &
 are closely entw9$ ) ! :ole life ( !   
p--?\gh he says no?+ ( any milit>y      
signification4 ,x appe>s  to be a q     
recognis$ in/itution = a "y man to take 
to himself  a y\? or boy z 8 special    
comrade4 ,he in/ructs1 & :5 necess>y    
reproves1 ! y\ng]2 protects him1 & makes
 him pres5ts ( v>i\s  k9ds4 ,! relation 
g5]ally1 ?\gh n always ends ) ! m>riage 
( ! eld]4 ,! foll[+ is report$ by ,hahn 
z 9 ! actual words (  8 in=mant 7an     

,albanian73--      8,love ( ?is k9d is  
occasion$ by ! sight ( a beautiful      
y\?2 :o ?us k9dles 9 ! lov] a feel+ (   
wond] &    causes 8 he>t to op5 to !    
sweet s5se :i* spr+s f    !             
contemplation ( beauty4 ,by degrees love
 /eals 9 & takes    possession ( ! lov]1
 & to su* a degree t all 8    ?\ghts &  
feel+s are absorb$ 9 x4 ,:5 ne> ! belov$
    he loses himself 9 ! sight ( him2 :5
 abs5t he ?9ks (    him only40 ,^!      
loves1 he cont9u$1 8are ) a few         
exceptions    z pure z sun%9e1 & !      
highe/ & noble/ affections t    ! human 
he>t c ent]ta940 ,hahn1 vol4 #a1 p4     
#aff4    ,hahn also m5tions t troops (  
y\?s1 l ! ,cretan & ,sp>tan  agelae1 are
 =m$ 9 ,albania1 ( tw5ty-five or ?irty  
memb]s ea*4  ,! comrade%ip usually beg9s
 dur+ adolesc5ce1 ea* memb] pay+  a fix$
 sum into a common fund1 & ! int]e/ be+ 
sp5t on two or  ?ree annual fea/s1      
g5]ally held out ( doors4    ,sid5ote3  
,! ,!ban ,b&    ,! ,sacr$ ,b& ( ,!bes1  
or ,!ban ,b&1 0 a battalion compos$     

entirely ( fri5ds & lov]s2 & =ms a      
rem>kable example (  milit>y comrade%ip4
 ,! ref]5ces to x 9 lat] ,greek         
lit]ature are  v num]\s1 & !re seems no 
reason to d\bt ! g5]al tru? (  !        
traditions conc]n+ its =mation & its    
complete annihilation by  ,philip (     
,mac$on at ! battle ( ,*a]onea 7,b4,c4  
#cch74 ,!bes 0 !  la/ /ronghold (       
,hell5ic indep5d5ce1 & ) ! ,!ban ,b&    
,greek  fre$om p]i%$4 ,b ! m]e exi/5ce (
 ?is phalanx1 & ! fact (  its r5[n1 %[  
to :at an ext5t comrade%ip 0 recognis$ &
 priz$  z an in/itution among ^!        
peoples4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt is tak5  f    
,plut>*'s ,life ( ,pelopidas1 ,cl\gh's  
translation3--      8,gorgidas1 accord+ 
to "s1 fir/ =m$ ! ,sacr$ ,b& ( #cjj     
*os5 m51 to :om z be+ a gu>d = ! citadel
 ! ,/ate    all[$ provision1 & all ?+s  
necess>y = ex]cise2 &    h5ce !y 7 call$
 ! city b&1 z citadels ( old 7          
usually call$ cities4 ,o!rs say t x 0   
compos$ ( "y    m5 atta*$ to ea* o!r by 
p]sonal affection1 & a pleasant    say+ 

( ,pamm5es is curr5t1 t ,hom]'s ,ne/or 0
 n well    skill$ 9 ord]+ an army1 :5 he
 advis$ ! ,greeks to rank    tribe &    
tribe1 & family & family1 toge!r1 t s   
#8tribe    might tribe1 & k9sm5 k9sm5   
aid1' b t he %\ld h    jo9$ lov]s & _!  
belov$4 ,= m5 ( ! same tribe or         
family little value "o ano!r :5 dang]s  
press2 b a b&    cem5t$ toge!r by       
fri5d%ip gr\nd$ ^u love is nev] to    be
 brok51 & inv9cible2 s9ce ! lov]s1 a%am$
 to be base    9 sight ( _! belov$1 & ! 
belov$ be=e _! lov]s1    will+ly ru%    
into dang] = ! relief ( "o ano!r4 ,nor c
    t be wond]$ at s9ce !y h m reg>d =  
_! abs5t    lov]s ?an = o!rs pres5t2 z 9
 ! in/ance ( ! man    :o1 :5 8 enemy 0  
go+ to kill him1 e>ne/ly reque/$    him 
to run him ?r\gh ! brea/1 t 8 lov] might
 n blu%    to see him w\nd$ 9 ! back4 ,x
 is a tradition likewise t    ,iolu1 :o 
assi/$ ,h]cules 9 8 lab\rs & f\ght at 8 
side1 0 belov$ ( him2 & ,ari/otle       
obs]ves t ev5 9 8    "t lov]s plight$ _!
 fai? at ,iolu' tomb4 ,x is likely1     

!re=e1 t ?is b& 0 call$ sacr$ on ?is    
acc\nt2 z    ,plato calls a lov] a div9e
 fri5d4 ,x is /at$ t x 0    nev] beat5  
till ! battle at ,*a]onea2 & :5 ,philip 
aft]    ! fight took a view ( ! sla91 & 
came to ! place :]e    ! ?ree hundr$ t  
f\ght 8 phalanx lay dead toge!r1 he     
wond]$1 & und]/&+ t x 0 ! b& ( lov]s1 he
    %$ te>s & said1 #8,p]i% any man :o  
suspects t ^! m5    ei!r did or suff]$  
any?+ t 0 base4'      8,x 0 n ! disa/] (
 ,laius1 z ! poets imag9e1 t    fir/    
gave rise to ?is =m ( atta*m5t among !  
,!bans1    b _! lawgiv]s1 design+ to    
s(t5 :il/ !y 7 "y    _! natural         
fickl5ess1 br\ght = example ! pipe into 
great    e/eem1 bo? 9 s]i\s & sportive  
occasions1 & gave great    enc\ragem5t  
to ^! fri5d%ips 9 ! ,palae/ra1 to temp] 
! mann] & "* ( ! y\?4 ,) a view to ?is1 
!y    did well aga9 to make ,h>mony1 !  
daught] ( ,m>s & ,v5us1    _! tutel>    
deity2 s9ce :]e =ce & c\rage is jo9$    
) gracefulness & w9n+ behavi\r1 a h>mony
 ensues t    comb9es all ! elem5ts (    

society 9 p]fect consonance &    ord]4  
8,gorgidas di/ribut$ ?is sacr$ ,b& all  
?r\gh ! front    ranks ( ! infantry1 &  
?us made _! gallantry less              
conspicu\s2 n be+ unit$ 9 "o body1 b    
m+l$ ) _m    o!rs ( inf]ior resolution1 
!y _h no fair opportunity (    %[+ :at  
!y c\ld d4 ,b ,pelopidas1 hav+          
suffici5tly    tri$ _! brav]y at        
,tegyrae1 :]e !y _h f\ght alone1    &   
ar\nd 8 own p]son1 nev] aft]w>ds divid$ 
!m1 b    keep+ !m entire1 & z "o man1   
gave !m ! fir/ duty 9    ! greate/      
battles4 ,= z horses run brisk] 9 a     
*>iot ?an    s+le1 n t _! jo9t =ce      
divides ! air ) great]    ease1 b       
because be+ mat*$ "o aga9/ ano!r        
circulation    k9dles & enflames _!     
c\rage2 ?us1 he ?\ght1 brave    m51     
provok+ "o ano!r to noble actions1 w\ld 
prove mo/    s]viceable & mo/ resolute  
:]e all 7 unit$ toge!r40    ,sid5ote3   
,a!nu    ,/ories ( romantic fri5d%ip =m 
a /aple subject ( ,greek lit]ature1  & 7
 ev]y:]e accept$ & priz$4 ,! foll[+     

quotations f  ,a!nu & ,plut>* conta9    
allusions to ! ,!ban ,b&1 & o!r         
examples3--      8,& ! ,lac$monians (f] 
sacrifices to ,love be=e !y g to        
battle1 ?9k+ t safety & victory dep5d on
 ! fri5d%ip    ( ^? :o /& side by side 9
 ! battle array4444 ,& !    regim5t     
among ! ,!bans1 :i* is call$ ! ,sacr$   
,b&1    is :olly compos$ ( mutual lov]s1
 indicat+ ! maje/y (    ! ,god1 z ^! m5 
pref] a glori\s dea? to a %ameful &     
discr$itable life40 ,a!nu1 bk4 xiii41 *4
 #ab4    ,sid5ote3 ,iolu    ,iolu1      
above-m5tion$1 is said to h be5 !       
*>iote] (  ,h]cules1 & 8 fai?ful        
companion4 ,z ! comrade ( ,h]cules he 0 
wor%ipp$ beside him 9 ,!bes1 :]e !      
gymnasium 0 nam$ aft]  him4 ,plut>*     
alludes to ?is fri5d%ip aga9 9 8        
treatise on ,love  7,eroticus1 p>4      
#ag73--      8,& z to ! loves (         
,h]cules1 x is difficult to record !m   
because ( _! numb]2 b ^? :o ?9k t ,iolu 
0 "o    ( !m d to ?is day wor%ip & hon\r
 him1 & make _!    lov$ ones swe>       

fidelity at 8 tomb40    ,sid5ote3       
,plut>* on ,love    ,& 9 ! same         
treatise3--      8,consid] also h[ ,love
 7,eros7 excels 9 w>like feats1 & is    
by no means idle1 z ,euripides call$    
him1 nor a c>pet knight1    nor #8sleep+
 on s(t maid5s' *eeks4' ,= a man inspir$
 by    ,love ne$s n ,ares to help him :5
 he goes out z a w>rior    aga9/ !      
enemy1 b at ! bidd+ ( 8 own god is      
#8ready'    = 8 fri5d #8to g ?r\gh fire 
& wat] & :irlw9ds4' ,&    9 ,sophocles' 
play1 :5 ! sons ( ,niobe are be+ %ot at 
&    dy+1 "o ( !m calls out = no help]  
or assi/] b 8    lov]4      8,& y "k (  
c\rse h[ x 0 t ,cleoma*us1 !            
,ph>salian1 fell 9 battle4444 ,:5 ! w>  
betwe5 !    ,eretrians & ,*alcidians 0  
at its height1 ,cleoma*us _h come    to 
aid ! latt] ) a ,!ssalian =ce2 & !      
,*alcidian    infantry seem$ /rong      
en\gh1 b !y _h great difficulty 9       
repell+ ! enemy's cavalry4 ,s !y begg$ t
 high-s\l$    h]o1 ,cleoma*us1 to *>ge !
 ,eretrian cavalry fir/4 ,& he    ask$ !

 y\? he lov$1 :o 0 by1 if he w\ld be a  
spectator    ( ! fight1 & he say+ he    
w\ld1 & affectionately kiss+    him &   
putt+ 8 helmet on 8 head1 ,cleoma*us1 ) 
a pr\d    joy1 put himself at ! head ( !
 brave/ ( ! ,!ssalians1    & *>g$ !     
enemy's cavalry ) su* impetuosity t he  
?rew !m into disord] & r\t$ !m2 & !     
,eretrian    infantry also flee+ 9      
consequ5ce1 ! ,*alcidians won a         
spl5did victory4 ,h[ev]1 ,cleoma*us got 
kill$1 & !y %[    8 tomb 9 ! m>ket place
 at ,*alcis1 ov] :i* a huge    pill> /&s
 to ?is day40 ,eroticus1 p>4 #ag1 trans4
 ,bohn's    ,classics4    ,& fur!r on 9 
! same3--      8,& among y ,!bans1      
,pemptides1 is x n usual = !    lov] to 
give 8 boylove a complete suit ( arm\r  
:5 he is    enroll$ among ! m58 ,& did n
 ! erotic ,pamm5es *ange    !           
disposition ( ! heavy-arm$ infantry1    
c5sur+ ,hom] z    kn[+ no?+ ab\t love1  
because he drew up ! ,a*ans 9    ord] ( 
battle 9 tribes & clans1 & did n put    
lov] &    love toge!r1 t s #8spe> %\ld  

be next to spe> & helmet    to helmet'  
7,iliad1 xiii4 #aca71 see+ t love is !  
only    inv9cible g5]al4 ,= m5 9 battle 
w leave 9 ! lur*    clansm5 & fri5ds1   
aye1 & p>5ts & sons1 b :at w>rior    ev]
 broke ?r\gh or *>g$ ?r\gh lov] & love1 
see+    t :5 !re is no necessity lov]s  
frequ5tly display _!    brav]y &        
contempt ( life40    ,sid5ote3 ,a!nu on 
! same    ,! foll[+ is f !              
,deipnosophi/s ( ,a!nu 7bk4 xiii4 *4    
#gh73--      8,b ,hi]onymus !           
,p]ipatetic says t ! loves ( y\?s    us$
 to be mu* enc\rag$1 = ?is reason1 t !  
vig\r    ( ! "y & _! close agreem5t 9   
comrade%ip h l$    to ! ov]?r[ ( _m a   
tyranny4 ,= 9 ! pres5ce ( 8    favorite 
a lov] w\ld r endure any?+ ?an e>n ! "n 
( c[>d2 a ?+ :i* 0 prov$ 9 practice by !
 ,sacr$    ,b&1 e/abli%$ at ,!bes "u    
,epam9ondas2 z well z by !    dea? ( !  
,pisi/ratid1 :i* 0 br\ght ab\t by       
,h>modius    & ,ari/ogeiton4      8,& at
 ,agrig5tum 9 ,sicily ! same 0 %[n by ! 
mutual    love ( ,*>iton &              

,melanippus--( :om ,melanippus 0 !      
y\ng] belov$1 z ,h]aclides ( ,pontus    
tells 9 8 ,treatise    on ,love4 ,= ^!  
two hav+ be5 accus$ ( plott+ aga9/      
,phal>is1 & be+ put to torture 9 ord] to
 =ce !m to    betray _! accomplices1 n  
only did n tell1 b ev5    compell$      
,phal>is to su* pity ( _! tortures t he 
releas$ !m ) _m words ( praise4 ,:]eupon
 ,apollo1    pleas$ at 8 conduct1 grant$
 to ,phal>is a respite f    dea?2 &     
decl>$ ! same to ! m5 :o inquir$ ( !    
,py?ian prie/ess h[ !y might be/ attack 
him4 ,he also gave an    oracul> say+   
conc]n+ ,*>iton4444        #8,bless$    
inde$ 0 ,*>iton & ,melanippus1          
,pione]s ( ,godhead1 & ( mortals ! "o   
mo/#a belov$4'0    ,epam9ondas1 ! great 
,!ban g5]al & /atesman1 s we are told by
  ! same au?or1 _h = 8 "y comrades      
,asopi*us & ,cephisodorus1  8! latt] (  
:om fell ) him at ,mant9eia1 & is buri$ 
ne> him40    ,sid5ote3 ,p>m5ides & ,z5o 
,^! are ma9ly in/ances ( :at might be   
call$ 8milit>y  comrade%ip10 b z may be 

suppos$1 fri5d%ip 9 ! e>ly _w  did n re/
 on ?is alone4 ,) ! gr[? ( culture o!r  
int]e/s  came 92 & among ! ,greeks      
especially association 9 ! pursuit (    
art or politics or philosophy became a  
common gr\nd4 ,p>m5ides1 !  philosoph]1 
^: life 0 held peculi>ly holy1 lov$ 8   
pupil ,z5o  7see ,plato ,p>m1 #abg;,a73 
8,p>m5ides & ,z5o came to ,a!ns1 he     
said1 at ! great    ,pana!nan fe/ival2 !
 =m] 01 at ! "t ( 8 visit1    ab\t #fe  
ye>s old1 v :ite ) age1 b well-fav\r$4  
,z5o    0 ne>ly #dj ye>s ( age1 ( a     
noble figure & fair aspect2    & 9 !    
days ( 8 y\? he 0 report$ to h be5      
belov$    ( ,p>m5ides40    ,sid5ote3    
,phd    ,pheidias1 ! sculptor1 lov$     
,pant>kes1 a y\? ( ,elis1 & c>v$  8     
portrait at ! foot ( ! ,olympian ,zeus  
7,pausanias v4 ,,ii71 &  politicians &  
orators l ,demo/h5es & s*9es 7 pr\d to  
av[  _! atta*m5ts4 ,x 0 9 a h\se (      
ill-fame1 accord+ to ,diog5es  ,la]tius 
7ii4 #aje7 t ,socrates fir/ met ,phd3-- 
8,?is un=tunate y\? 0 a native ( ,elis4 

,tak5 prison] 9    w>1 he 0 sold 9 !    
public m>ket to a slave deal]1 :o    !n 
acquir$ ! "r by ,attic law to engross 8 
e>n+s    = 8 own pocket4 ,a fri5d (     
,socrates1 p]haps ,cebes1 b\ght    him f
 8 ma/]1 & he became "o ( ! *ief memb]s 
( ! ,socratic circle4 ,8 "n is giv5 to !
 ,platonic    dialogue on immortality1 &
 he liv$ to f\nd :at is call$    !      
,eleo-,socratic ,s*ool4 ,no read] (     
,plato =gets h[ !    sage on ! eve ( 8  
dea? /rok$ ! beautiful long hair (      
,phd1 & prophesi$ t he w\ld soon h to   
cut x %ort 9    m\rn+ = 8 tea*]40 ,j4   
,a4 ,symonds1 ,a ,problem 9 ,greek      
,e?ics p4 #eh4    ,! relation ( fri5d%ip
 to ! pursuit ( philosophy is a favorite
  subject ) ,plato1 & is illu/rat$ by "s
 lat] quotations 7see  infra *4 #b74    
,sid5ote3 ,! ,/ory ( ,h>modius &        
,ari/ogeiton    ,i conclude ! pres5t    
section by ! ins]tion ( ?ree /ories tak5
  f classical s\rces4 ,?\gh ( a leg5d>y 
"*1 x is probable  t !y en%r9e "s memory
 or tradition ( actual facts4 ,! /ory  (

 ,h>modius & ,ari/ogeiton at any rate is
 treat$ by ,h]odotus &  ,?ucydides z a  
matt] ( s]i\s hi/ory4 ,! names ( ^! two 
fri5ds  7 ev] on ! lips ( ! ,a!nians z !
 f\nd]s ( ! city's  fre$om1 & to be born
 ( _! blood 0 e/eem$ among ! highe/ (   
hon\rs4 ,b :e!r hi/orical or n1 ^!      
/ories h mu* ! same  value = u1 9 s f> z
 !y indicate ! ideals on :i* ! ,greek   
m9d dwelt1 & :i* x consid]$ possible (  
realisation4      8,n[ ! attempt (      
,ari/ogeiton & ,h>modius arose out ( a  
love affair1 :i* ,i w n>rate at l5g?2 & 
! n>rative    w %[ t ! ,a!nians !mselves
 give q an inaccurate    acc\nt ( _! own
 tyrants1 & ( ! incid5t 9 "q1    & "k no
 m ?an o!r ,hell5es4 ,pisi/ratus di$ at 
an    advanc$ age 9 possession ( !      
tyranny1 & !n1 n z is    ! common op9ion
 ,hipp>*us1 b ,hippias 7:o 0 ! elde/ (  
8 sons7 succe$$ to 8 p[]4               
8,h>modius 0 9 ! fl[] ( 8 y\?1 &        
,ari/ogeiton1 a    citiz5 ( ! middle    
class1 became 8 lov]4 ,hipp>*us made an 
attempt to ga9 ! affections ( ,h>modius1

 b he w\ld n    li/5 to him1 & told     
,ari/ogeiton4 ,! latt] 0 naturally      
torm5t$ at ! idea1 & fe>+ t ,hipp>*us1  
:o 0    p[]ful1 w\ld resort to viol5ce1 
at once =m$ su* a plot    z a man 9 8   
/ation might = ! ov]?r[ ( ! tyranny4    
,mean:ile ,hipp>*us made ano!r attempt2 
he _h no bett]    success1 & !reupon he 
det]m9$1 n inde$ to take any    viol5t  
/ep1 b to insult ,h>modius 9 "s und]h&  
mann]1    s t 8 motive c\ld n be        
suspect$#b4444      8,:5 ,hipp>*us f\nd 
8 advances repell$ by ,h>modius he      
c>ri$ out 8 int5tion ( insult+ him4 ,!re
 0 a "y    si/] ( 8 :om ,hipp>*us & 8   
fri5ds fir/ invit$    to come & c>ry a  
sacr$ basket 9 a procession1 & !n       
reject$ h]1 decl>+ t %e _h nev] be5     
invit$ by !m    at all because %e 0     
unwor?y4 ,at ?is ,h>modius 0 v    angry1
 & ,ari/ogeiton = 8 sake m angry /ill4  
,!y &    ! o!r conspirators _h already  
laid _! prep>ations1 b    7 wait+ = !   
fe/ival ( ! great ,pana!na1 :5 !        
citiz5s :o took "p 9 ! procession       

assembl$ 9 arms2 =    to we> arms on any
 o!r day w\ld h ar\s$ suspicion4        
,h>modius & ,ari/ogeiton 7 to beg9 !    
attack1 & ! re/    7 imm$iately to jo9  
91 & engage ) ! gu>ds4 ,!    plot _h be5
 communicat$ to a few only1 ! bett] to  
avoid    detection2 b !y hop$ t1 h[ev]  
few /ruck ! bl[1 !    cr[d :o w\ld be   
arm$1 al?\gh n 9 ! secret1 w\ld at      
once rise & assi/ 9 ! recov]y ( _! own  
lib]ties4      8,! day ( ! fe/ival      
arriv$1 & ,hippias w5t out ( !    city  
to ! place call$ ! ,c]amicus1 :]e he 0  
occupi$    ) 8 gu>ds 9 m>%all+ !        
procession4 ,h>modius &    ,ari/ogeiton1
 :o 7 ready ) _! dagg]s1 /epp$ =w>d     
to d ! de$4 ,b see+ "o ( ! conspirators 
9 famili>    conv]sation ) ,hippias1 :o 
0 readily accessible to all1    !y took 
al>m & imag9$ t !y _h be5 betray$1 &    
7 on ! po9t or be+ seiz$4 ,:]eupon !y   
det]m9$ to    take _! rev5ge fir/ on !  
man :o _h outrag$ !m &    0 ! cause ( _!
 desp]ate attempt4 ,s !y ru%$1 j    z !y
 71 )9 ! gates4 ,!y f\nd ,hipp>*us ne> !

    ,leocorium1 z x 0 call$1 & !n & !re 
fall+ ^u him    ) all ! bl9d fury1 "o ( 
an injur$ lov]1 ! o!r ( a    man sm>t+  
"u an insult1 !y smote & slew him4 ,!   
cr[d    ran toge!r1 & s ,ari/ogeiton = !
 pres5t escap$ !    gu>ds2 b he 0       
aft]w>ds tak51 & n v g5tly h&l$         
7i4e41 tortur$74 ,h>modius p]i%$ on !   
spot40 ,?uc3    vi4 #ed-ef1 trans4 by   
,b4 ,j[ett4    ,sid5ote3 ,! ,/ory (     
,ore/es & ,pylades      8,phocis        
pres]ves f e>ly times ! memory ( ! union
    betwe5 ,ore/es & ,pylades1 :o tak+ a
 god z witness ( !    passion betwe5 !m1
 sail$ ?r\gh life toge!r z ?\gh 9    "o 
boat4 ,bo? toge!r put to dea?           
,klytemne/ra1 z ?\gh    bo? 7 sons (    
,agamemnon2 & gi/hus 0 sla9 by bo?4     
,pylades suff]$ m ?an 8 fri5d by !      
puni%m5t :i*    pursu$ ,ore/es4 ,he /ood
 by him :5 condemn$1 nor did !y    limit
 _! t5d] fri5d%ip by ! b\nds ( ,greece1 
b sail$    to ! fur!/ b\nd>ies ( !      
,scy?ians--! "o sick1 !    o!r m9i/]+ to
 him4 ,:5 !y _h come into ! ,tauric     

l& /raightway !y 7 met by ! matricidal  
fury2 & :ile    ! b>b>ians 7 /&+ r\nd 9 
a circle ,ore/es fell d[n    & lay on ! 
gr\nd1 seiz$ by 8 usual mania1 :ile     
,pylades    #8wip$ away ! foam1 t5d$ 8  
body1 & cov]$ him ) 8    well-wov5      
cloak'--act+ n only l a lov] b l a fa!r4
      8,:5 x 0 det]m9$ t "o %\ld rema9  
to be put to    dea?1 & ! o!r %\ld g to 
,myc5 to convey a lett]1 ea*    wi%es to
 rema9 = ! sake ( ! o!r1 ?9k+ t if    he
 saves ! life ( 8 fri5d he saves 8 own  
life4 ,ore/es    refus$ to take ! lett]1
 say+ t ,pylades 0 m wor?y    to c>ry x1
 act+ m l ! lov] ?an ! belov$4 #8,=1'   
he said1 #8! slay+ ( ?is man w\ld be a  
great grief to me1    z ,i am ! cause ( 
^! mis=tunes4' ,& he add$1 #8,give    ! 
tablet to him1 = 7turn+ to ,pylades7 ,i 
w s5d !e to    ,argos1 9 ord] t x may be
 well ) !e2 z = me1 let    anyone kill  
me :o desires x4'      8,su* love is    
always l t2 = :5 f boyhood a s]i\s      
love has gr[n up & x becomes adult at ! 
age ( reason1 !    long-lov$ object     

returns reciprocal affection1 & x is h>d
 to    det]m9e :i* is ! lov] ( :i*1 =--z
 f a mirror--!    affection ( ! lov] is 
reflect$ f ! belov$40 ,trans4    f      
,lucian's ,amores1 by ,w4 ,j4 ,baylis4  
,sid5ote3 ,! ,/ory ( ,damon & ,py?ias   
7or ,ph9tias7      8,damon & ,ph9tias1  
initiates 9 ! ,py?agorean my/]ies1      
contract$ s fai?ful a fri5d%ip t[>ds ea*
 o!r1 t    :5 ,dionysius ( ,syracuse    
int5d$ to execute "o ( !m1 &    he _h   
obta9$ p]mission f ! tyrant to return   
home &    arrange 8 affairs be=e 8 dea?1
 ! o!r did n hesitate    to give himself
 up z a pl$ge ( 8 fri5d's return#c4 ,he 
^: neck _h be5 9 dang] 0 n[ free2 & he  
:o might h    liv$ 9 safety 0 n[ 9 dang]
 ( dea?4 ,s ev]ybody1 &    especially   
,dionysius1 7 wond]+ :at w\ld be ! up%ot
    ( ?is novel & dubi\s affair4 ,at    
la/1 :5 ! day fix$    0 close at h&1 &  
he _h n return$1 ev]yone condemn$    !  
"o :o /ood security1 = 8 /upidity &     
ra%ness4 ,b    he insi/$ t he _h no?+ to
 fe> 9 ! matt] ( 8    fri5d's con/ancy4 

,& inde$ at ! same mom5t & ! h\r    fix$
 by ,dionysius1 he :o _h receiv$ leave1 
return$4 ,!    tyrant1 admir+ ! c\rage (
 bo?1 remitt$ ! s5t5ce :i*    _h s tri$ 
_! loyalty1 & ask$ !m besides to receive
    him 9 ! bonds ( _! fri5d%ip1 say+ t 
he w\ld make    8 ?ird place 9 _!       
affection agreeable by 8 utmo/          
goodwill & ef=t4 ,su* inde$ are ! p[]s (
 fri5d%ip3    to bre$ contempt ( dea?1  
to ov]come ! sweet desire (    life1 to 
humanise cruelty1 to turn hate into     
love1 to comp5sate    puni%m5t by       
l>gess2 to :i* p[]s almo/ z mu* v5]ation
    is due z to ! cult ( ! immortal     
gods4 ,= if ) ^!    re/s ! public       
safety1 on ^? does private happ9ess     
dep5d2    & z ! temples are ! sacr$     
domiciles ( ^!1 s ( ^?    are ! loyal   
he>ts ( m5 z x 7 ! %r9es consecrat$     
by "s holy _s40 ,val]ius ,maximus1 bk4  
iv4 *4 #g4 ,de    ,amiciti ,v9culo4     
,,ii4    ,! ,place ( ,fri5d%ip 9 ,greek 
,life  ,?\ght          ,! ,place (      
,fri5d%ip 9 ,greek ,life  ,?\ght      ,!

 ext5t to :i* ! idea ( fri5d%ip 79 a q  
romantic s5se7  p5etrat$ ! ,greek m9d is
 a ?+ v difficult = u to realise2  & "s 
mod]n critics entirely miss ?is po9t4   
,!y laud ! ,greek  culture to ! skies1  
extoll+ ! w>like brav]y ( ! p1 _!       
en?usia/ic political & social s5tim5t1  
_! wond]ful arti/ic  s5se1 & s =?2 & at 
! same "t speak ( ! /ress !y laid  on   
fri5d%ip z a little peculi>ity ( no     
p>ticul> importance--n  see+ t ! latt] 0
 ! *ief s\rce ( _! brav]y &  indep5d5ce1
 "o ( ! ma9 motives ( _! art1 & s f> an 
organic  "p ( _! :ole polity t x is     
difficult to imag9e ! "o  )\t ! o!r4 ,! 
,greeks !mselves nev] made ?is mi/ake2 &
  _! lit]ature ab\nds ) ref]5ces to !   
romantic atta*m5t z  ! great inspiration
 ( political & individual life4 ,plato1 
himself1  may almo/ be said to h f\nd$ 8
 philosophy on ?is s5tim5t4    ,no?+ is 
m surpris+ to ! mod]n ?an to f9d ,plato 
speak+1  page aft] page1 ( ,love1 z !   
safegu>d ( /ates & ! tutoress  (        
philosophy1 & !n to discov] t :at we    

call love1 i4e41 !  love betwe5 man &   
woman1 is n meant at all--sc>cely comes 
)9 8  consid]ation--b only ! love betwe5
 m5--:at we %\ld call romantic          
fri5d%ip4 ,8 ideal ( ?is latt] love is  
ascetic2 x is an absorb+  passion1 b x  
is held 9 /rong control4 ,! o!r love--! 
love (  wom5--is = him a m]e s5suality4 
,9 ?is1 to "s ext5t1 lies !  explanation
 ( 8 philosophical position4    ,b x is 
evid5t t 9 ?is fact--9 ! fact t among ! 
,greeks  ! love ( wom5 0 consid]$ = !   
mo/ "p s5sual1 :ile !  romance ( love   
w5t to ! acc\nt ( fri5d%ip1 we h ! /r5g?
  & ! weakness ( ! ,greek civilisation4 
,/r5g?1 because by !  recognition       
ev]y:]e ( romantic comrade%ip1 public & 
private  life 0 fill$ by a k9d ( div9e  
fire2 weakness1 because by !            
non-recognition ( woman's equal "p 9 su*
 comrade%ip1 h] sav+1  heal+1 & r$eem+  
influ5ce 0 lo/1 & ! ,greek culture doom$
  to be to t ext5t "o-sid$4 ,x w1 we may
 hope1 be ! great  triumph ( ! mod]n    
love 7:5 x becomes m ( a true comrade%ip

  betwe5 man & woman ?an x yet is7 to   
give bo? to society & to !  individual !
 gr&e/ inspirations1 & p]haps 9         
conjunction )  ! o!r atta*m5t1 to lift !
 mod]n nations to a high] level (       
political & arti/ic advancem5t ?an ev5 !
 ,greeks atta9$4 ,i quote  "o or two    
mod]n writ]s on ! subject1 & !n "s      
passages f  ,plato & o!rs indicat+ !    
philosophy ( fri5d%ip z ent]ta9$  among 
! ,greeks4    ,sid5ote3 ,bi%op ,?irlwall
 on ,greek ,fri5d%ip    ,bi%op          
,?irlwall1 t excell5t ?9k] & s*ol>1 9 8 
,hi/ory (  ,greece 7vol4 #a1 p4 #agf7   
says3--      8,"o ( ! noble/ & mo/      
amiable sides ( ! ,greek "*    is !     
read9ess ) :i* x l5t itself to con/ruct 
intimate    & durable fri5d%ips2 & ?is  
is a feature no less prom95t    9 !     
e>lie/ ?an 9 ! late/ times4 ,x 0 inde$  
connect$ ) ! comp>atively l[ e/imation 9
 :i* female    society 0 held2 b !      
devot$ness & con/ancy ) :i*    ^!       
atta*m5ts 7 ma9ta9$ 0 n ! less admirable
    & engag+4 ,! h]oic companions :om we

 f9d celebrat$1    p>tly by ,hom] &     
p>tly 9 traditions1 :i* if n ( equal    
antiquity 7 gr\nd$ on ! same feel+1 seem
 to h b "o    he>t & s\l1 ) sc>cely a   
wi% or object ap>t1 & only    to live1 z
 !y are always ready to die1 = "o ano!r4
 ,x is    true t ! relation betwe5 !m is
 n always "o ( p]fect    equality3 b ?is
 is a circum/ance :i*1 :ile x (t5 adds  
a peculi> *>m to ! poetical description1
 detracts little    f ! dignity ( ! idea
 :i* x pres5ts4 ,su* 7 !    fri5d%ips ( 
,h]cules & ,iolu1 ( ,!seus & ,piri?u1 ( 
,ore/es & ,pylades3 & ?\gh ^! may owe ! 
great] "p    ( _! fame to ! lat] epic or
 ev5 dramatic poetry1 !    moral        
gr\ndwork und\bt$ly subsi/$ 9 ! p]iod to
 :i*    ! tradition ref]r$4 ,! argum5t (
 ! ,iliad ma9ly turns    on ! affection 
( ,a*illes = ,patroclus--^: love = !    
great] h]o is only temp]$ by rev]5ce = 8
 high] bir?    & 8 unequall$ pr[ess4 ,b 
! mutual reg>d :i* unit$    ,idom5eus & 
,m]iones1 ,diom$es & ,/h5elus--?\gh1 z !
    p]sons !mselves are less important1 

x is kept m 9 !    backgr\nd--is        
manife/ly view$ by ! poet 9 ! same      
light4    ,! idea ( a ,greek h]o seems n
 to h be5 ?\ght complete1    )\t su* a  
bro!r 9 arms by 8 side40    ,sid5ote3   
,comp>$ to ,*ivalry    ,! foll[+ is f   
,ludwig ,frey 7,d] ,eros und die ,kun/1 
p4 #cc73--      8,let x !n be repeat$3  
love = a y\? 0 = ! ,greeks    some?+    
sacr$1 & c only be comp>$ ) our ,g]man  
homage    to wom5--say ! *ivalric love (
 m$ival times40    ,sid5ote3            
,educational & ,political ,value    ,g4 
,l[es ,dick9son1 9 8 ,greek ,view (     
,life1 not+ ! abs5ce (  romance 9 !     
relations betwe5 m5 & wom5 ( t          
civilisation1  says3      8,nev]!less1 x
 w\ld be a mi/ake to conclude1 f ^!     
conditions1 t ! elem5t ( romance 0 abs5t
 f ,greek    life4 ,! fact is simply t )
 !m x took a diff]5t =m1    t (         
passionate fri5d%ip betwe5 m54 ,su*     
fri5d%ips1 (    c\rse1 occur 9 all      
nations & at all times1 b among !       
,greeks !y 71 we might say1 an          

in/itution4 ,_! ideal 0    ! developm5t 
& education ( ! y\ng] by ! old] man1    
& 9 ?is view !y 7 recognis$ & approv$ by
 cu/om &    law z an important factor 9 
! /ate40 ,greek ,view ( ,life1    p4    
#afg4      8,s mu* inde$ 7 ! ,greeks    
impress$ ) ! manl9ess (    ?is passion1 
) its p[] to prompt to high ?\ght &     
h]oic    action1 t "s ( ! be/ ( !m set !
 love ( man = man    f> above t ( man = 
woman4 ,! "o1 !y ma9ta9$1 0    prim>ily 
( ! _s1 ! o!r prim>ily ( ! fle%2 !    "o
 b5t ^u %ap+ to ! type ( all manly      
excell5ce bo?    ! body & ! s\l ( !     
belov$1 ! o!r ^u a pass+    pleasure ( !
 s5ses40 ,ibid1 p4 #agb4    ,sid5ote3   
,relation to ,wom5    ,! foll[+ are "s  
rem>ks ( ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds on ! same     
subject3--      8,p>tly ow+ to ! social 
habits ( _! cities1 & p>tly    to !     
peculi> notions :i* !y ent]ta9$ reg>d+ !
    seclusion ( free wom5 9 ! home1 all 
! high] elem5ts (    spiritual & m5tal  
activity1 & ! conditions "u :i*    a    
g5]\s passion 0 conceivable1 _h become !

 exclusive    privileges ( m54 ,x 0 n t 
wom5 occupi$ a semi-s]vile    /ation1 z 
"s /ud5ts h imag9$1 or t )9 !    sph]e (
 ! h\sehold !y 7 n ! respect$ & tru/$   
helpmates ( m54 ,b circum/ances r5d]$ x 
impossible =    !m to excite romantic & 
en?usia/ic passion4 ,! exaltation    ( !
 emotions 0 res]v$ = ! male sex40 ,a    
,problem 9    ,greek ,e?ics1 p4 #fh4    
,sid5ote3 ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds on ,socrates 
,& he cont9ues3--      8,socrates !re=e 
s\ght to direct & moralise a =ce already
    exi/+4 ,9 ! ,phdrus he describes !  
passion ( love    betwe5 man & boy z a  
#8mania1' n diff]5t 9 quality    f t :i*
 inspires poets2 & aft] pa9t+ t f]vid   
picture ( ! lov]1 he decl>es t ! true   
object ( a noble    life c only be      
atta9$ by passionate fri5ds1 b\nd toge!r
    9 ! *a9s ( close yet temp]ate       
comrade%ip1 seek+ always    to advance 9
 k1 self-re/ra9t1 & intellectual        
illum9ation4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,symposium  
is n diff]5t1    except t ,socrates "h  
takes a high] flight4 ,! same love    is

 treat$ z ! me?od :]eby ! s\l may beg9  
h] my/ic    j\rney to ! region (        
ess5tial beauty1 tru?1 & goodness4    ,x
 has frequ5tly be5 rem>k$ t ,plato's    
dialogues h to    be read z poems ev5 m 
?an z philosophical treatises2 &    if  
?is be true at all1 x is p>ticul>ly true
 ( bo? !    ,phdrus & ! ,symposium4 ,!  
lesson :i* bo? essays seem    int5d$ to 
inculcate1 is ?is3 love1 l poetry &     
prophecy1    is a div9e gift1 :i* div]ts
 m5 f ! common curr5t (    _! lives2 b 9
 ! "r use ( ?is gift lies ! secret (    
all human excell5ce4 ,! passion :i*     
grovels 9 ! fil? (    s5sual grossness  
may be trans=m$ into a glori\s          
en?usiasm1    a w+$ spl5d\r1 capable (  
so>+ to ! contemplation (    et]nal     
v]ities40    ,9 ! ,symposium or ,banquet
 ( ,plato 7,b4,c4 #dbh--;,b4,c4 #cdg71 a
 supp]  p>ty is suppos$1 at :i* a       
discussion on love & fri5d%ip takes     
place4 ,! fri5ds pres5t speak 9 turn--! 
en?usia/ic ,phdrus1 !  cle>-head$       
,pausanias1 ! grave doctor ,eryxima*us1 

! comic &  acute ,ari/ophanes1 ! "y poet
 ,aga?on2 ,socrates1 tantalis+1         
sugge/ive1 & quot+ ! pr(\nd say+s ( !   
prophetess ,diotima2  & ,alcibiades1    
drunk1 & q ready to dr9k m2--ea* 9 8    
turn1  out ( ! fulness ( 8 he>t1 speaks2
 & ?us 9 ?is mo/ dramatic  dialogue we h
 love discuss$ f e po9t ( view1 & )     
insight1 acum51 romance & hum\r         
unrivall$4    ,sid5ote3 ,f ! ,spee* (   
,phdrus 9 ! ,symposium    ,phdrus &     
,pausanias1 9 ! two foll[+ quotations1  
take ! l9e  :i* p]haps mo/ ?or\ghly     
repres5ts ! public op9ion ( ! day--z  to
 ! value ( fri5d%ip 9 nurtur+ a _s (    
hon\r & fre$om1  especially 9 matt]s    
milit>y & political3--      8,?us num]\s
 are ! witnesses :o ackn[l$ge love to be
 !    elde/ ( ! gods4 ,& n only is he ! 
elde/1 he is also    ! s\rce ( ! greate/
 b5efits to u4 ,= ,i "k n any    great] 
bless+ to a "y man beg9n+ life ?an a    
virtu\s    lov]1 or to ! lov] ?an a     
belov$ y\?4 ,= ! pr9ciple    :i* ought  
to be ! guide ( m5 :o w\ld nobly live--t

    pr9ciple1 ,i say1 nei!r k9dr$1 nor  
hon\r1 nor weal?1 nor    any o!r motive 
is able to implant s well z love4 ,( :at
 am    ,i speak+8 ( ! s5se ( hon\r &    
di%on\r1 )\t :i*    nei!r /ates nor     
individuals ev] d any good or great "w4 
,& ,i say t a lov] :o is detect$ 9 do+  
any di%onorable    act1 or submitt+     
?r\gh c[>dice :5 any di%on\r is done    
to him by ano!r1 w be m pa9$ at be+     
detect$ by 8    belov$ ?an at be+ se5 by
 8 fa!r1 or by 8 companions1    or by   
anyone else4 ,! belov$ too1 :5 he is se5
 9 any    disgraceful situation1 has !  
same feel+ ab\t 8 lov]4 ,&    if !re 7  
only "s way ( contriv+ t a /ate or an   
army %\ld be made up ( lov]s & _! loves1
 !y w\ld be    ! v be/ gov]nors ( _! own
 city1 ab/a9+ f all    di%on\r1 &       
emulat+ "o ano!r 9 hon\r2 & :5 fight+   
at "o ano!r's side1 al?\gh a m]e h&ful1 
!y w\ld    ov]come ! _w4 ,= :at lov]    
w\ld n *oose r to be    se5 by all      
mank9d ?an by 8 belov$1 ei!r :5 ab&on+  
8 po/ or ?r[+ away 8 arms8 ,he w\ld be  

ready to die a    ?\s& dea?s r ?an      
endure ?is4 ,or :o w\ld des]t 8         
belov$1 or fail him 9 ! h\r ( dang]8 ,! 
v]ie/ c[>d    w\ld become an inspir$    
h]o1 equal to ! brave/1 at su* a    "t2 
love w\ld inspire him4 ,t c\rage :i*1 z 
,hom] says1    ! god brea!s into ! s\l (
 h]oes1 love ( 8 own nature    infuses  
into ! lov]40 ,symposium ( ,plato1      
trans4 ,b4 ,j[ett4    ,sid5ote3 ,spee* (
 ,pausanias      8,9 ,ionia & o!r       
places1 & g5]ally 9 c\ntries :i*    are 
subject to ! b>b>ians1 ! cu/om is held  
to be    di%onorable2 loves ( y\?s %>e !
 evil repute ( philosophy    &          
gymna/ics1 because !y are inimical to   
tyranny2 = !    int]e/s ( rul]s require 
t _! subjects %\ld be poor 9    _s1 & t 
!re %\ld be no /rong bond ( fri5d%ip or 
society among !m1 :i* love above all o!r
 motives is likely    to inspire1 z our 
,a!nian tyrants le>n$ by exp]i5ce40     
,ibid4    ,sid5ote3 ,spee* (            
,ari/ophanes    ,ari/ophanes goes m     
deeply into ! nature ( ?is love ( :i*   

!y are speak+4 ,he says x is a pr(\nd   
reality--a deep & intimate  union1 abid+
 aft] dea?1 & mak+ ( ! lov]s 8"o dep>t$ 
s\l  in/ead ( two40 ,b 9 ord] to expla9 
8 allusion to 8! o!r half0  x mu/ be    
premis$ t 9 ! e>li] "p ( 8 spee* he has 
9 a  s]io-comic ve9 pret5d$ t human be+s
 7 orig9ally con/ruct$  d\ble1 ) f\r    
legs1 f\r arms1 etc42 b t z a puni%m5t =
  _! s9s ,zeus divid$ !m p]p5dicul>ly1  
8z folk cut eggs be=e  !y salt !m10 !   
males into two p>ts1 ! females into two1
 &  ! h]maphrodites likewise into       
two--s9ce :51 ^! divid$ p  h ev] pursu$ 
_! lo/ halves1 & 8?r[n _! arms ar\nd &  
embrac$ ea* o!r1 seek+ to gr[ toge!r    
aga940 ,& s1 speak+ (  ^? :o 7 orig9ally
 males1 he says3      8,& ^! :5 !y gr[  
up are our /atesm51 & ^! only1    :i* is
 a great pro( ( ! tru? ( :at ,i am say+4
 ,&    :5 !y rea* manhood !y are lov]s (
 y\?1 & are n    naturally incl9$ to    
m>ry or beget *ildr51 :i* !y d1    if at
 all1 only 9 ob$i5ce to ! law1 b !y are 
satisfi$    if !y may be all[$ to live )

 "o ano!r unw$d$2 &    su* a nature is  
prone to love & ready to return love1   
always    embrac+ t :i* is ak9 to him4  
,& :5 "o ( !m f9ds    8 o!r half1 :e!r  
he be a lov] ( y\? or a lov] (    ano!r 
sort1 ! pair are lo/ 9 an amazem5t (    
love &    fri5d%ip & intimacy1 & "o w n 
be out ( ! o!r's    sight1 z ,i may say1
 ev5 = a mom5t3 !y w pass _!    :ole    
lives toge!r2 yet !y c\ld n expla9 :at  
!y    desire ( "o ano!r4 ,= ! int5se    
ye>n+ t ea* (    !m has t[>ds ! o!r does
 n appe> to be ! desire (    lov]s'     
int]c\rse1 b ( some?+ else :i* ! s\l (  
ei!r evid5tly desires & _c tell1 & ( :i*
 %e only    has a d>k & d\btful         
pres5tim5t4 ,suppose ,heph/us1 )    8   
in/rum5ts1 to come to ! pair :o are ly+ 
side by side    & say to !m1 #8,:at d y 
p want ( "o ano!r8' !y    w\ld be unable
 to expla94 ,& suppose fur!r t :5 he    
saw _! p]plexity he said3 #8,d y desire 
to be :olly "o2    always day & night to
 be 9 "o ano!r's company8 = if ?is    is
 :at y desire1 ,i am ready to melt y    

into "o & let y    gr[ toge!r1 s t be+  
two y %all become "o1 & :ile    y live1 
live a common life z if y 7 a s+le man1 
&    aft] y\r dea? 9 ! _w bel[ /ill be  
"o dep>t$ s\l    in/ead ( two--,i ask   
:e!r ?is is :at y lov+ly desire1    &   
:e!r y are satisfi$ to atta9 ?is8'--!re 
is n a man    ( !m :o :5 he he>d !      
proposal w\ld d5y or w\ld n    ackn[l$ge
 t ?is meet+ & melt+ 9 "o ano!r's arms1 
?is becom+ "o in/ead ( two1 0 ! v       
expression ( 8    anci5t ne$40 ,ibid4   
,sid5ote3 ,spee* ( ,socrates            
,socrates1 9 8 spee*1 & especially 9 !  
lat] portion ( x :]e  he quotes 8       
suppos$ tutoress ,diotima1 c>ries !     
argum5t up to its  highe/ issue4 ,aft]  
cont5d+ = ! ess5tially creative1        
g5]ative  nature ( love1 n only 9 !     
,body b 9 ! ,s\l1 he proce$s to  say t x
 is n s mu* ! seek+ ( a lo/ half :i*    
causes !  creative impulse 9 lov]s1 z ! 
fact t 9 our mortal fri5ds we are       
contemplat+ 7?\gh unconsci\sly7 an image
 ( ! ,ess5tial & ,div9e  ,beauty2 x is  

?is t affects u ) t wond]ful 8mania10 & 
lifts  u into ! region :]e we become    
creators4 ,& he foll[s on to !          
conclusion t x is by wisely & truly lov+
 our visible fri5ds t  at la/1 aft] long
 long exp]i5ce1 !re dawns ^u u ! vision 
(  t ,absolute ,beauty :i* by mortal    
eyes mu/ ev] rema9 unse53--      8,he :o
 has be5 in/ruct$ ?us f> 9 ! ?+s ( love1
 &    :o has le>n$ to see ! beautiful 9 
due ord] & succession1    :5 he comes   
t[>ds ! end w sudd5ly p]ceive a nature  
( wondr\s beauty 444 beauty absolute1   
sep>ate1 simple &    ev]la/+1 :i* )\t   
dim9ution & )\t increase1 or    any     
*ange1 is imp>t$ to ! ev]gr[+ & p]i%+   
beauties    ( all o!r ?+s4 ,he :o1 f ^! 
asc5d+ "u !    influ5ce ( true love1    
beg9s to p]ceive t beauty1 is n    f> f 
! end40 ,ibid4    ,?is is inde$ !       
culm9ation1 = ,plato1 ( all exi/5ce--!  
asc5t  into ! pres5ce ( t endless       
,beauty ( :i* all fair mortal ?+s  are b
 ! mirrors4 ,b to cond5se ?is great     
spee* ( ,socrates is  impossible2 only  

to p]si/5t & c>eful read+ 7if ev5 !n7 w 
x  yield up all its treasures4          
,sid5ote3 ,socrates 9 ! ,phdrus    ,9 ! 
dialogue nam$ ,phdrus ! same idea is    
work$ out1 only to  "s ext5t 9 rev]se   
ord]4 ,z 9 ! ,symposium ! lov] by       
rightly  lov+ at la/ rises to ! vision (
 ! ,supreme ,beauty2 s 9 !  ,phdrus x is
 expla9$ t 9 reality e s\l has at "s "t 
se5 t ,vision 7at ! "t1 namely1 ( its   
true initiation1 :5  x 0 inde$ w+$7--b  
has =gott5 x2 & t x is ! dim  rem9isc5ce
 ( t ,vision1 con/antly work+ )9 u1 :i* 
guides  u to our e>?ly loves & r5d]s _! 
effect ^u u s transport+4  ,long ago1 9 
"s o!r condition ( be+1 we saw ,beauty  
h]self3--      8,b ( beauty1 ,i repeat  
aga9 t we saw h] !re %9+    9 company ) 
! cele/ial =ms2 & com+ to e>? we    f9d 
h] "h too1 %9+ 9 cle>ness ?r\gh ! cle>e/
    ap]ture ( s5se4 ,= sight is ! ke5e/ 
( our bodily s5ses2    ?\gh n by t is   
wisdom se52 h] lovel9ess w\ld h    be5  
transport+ if !re _h be5 a visible image
 ( h]1 &    ! same is true ( ! lovel9ess

 ( ! o!r ideas z well4    ,b ?is is !   
privilege ( beauty1 t %e is ! lovelie/  
& also ! mo/ palpable to sight4 ,n[ he  
:o is n newly    initiat$1 or :o has    
become corrupt$1 does n easily rise     
out ( ?is _w to ! sight ( true beauty 9 
! o!r2 he    looks only at h] e>?ly     
namesake1 & in/ead ( be+ aw$    at !    
sight ( h]1 l a bruti% bea/ he ru%es on 
to enjoy    & beget2 he consorts )      
wantonness1 & is n afraid or    a%am$ ( 
pursu+ pleasure 9 violation ( nature4 ,b
 he    ^: initiation is rec5t1 & :o has 
be5 ! spectator (    _m glories 9 ! o!r 
_w1 is amaz$ :5 he sees anyone    hav+ a
 god-l face or =m1 :i* is ! expression (
 ,div9e    ,beauty2 & at fir/ a %udd]   
runs ?r\gh him1 & aga9 !    old awe     
/eals ov] him2 !n look+ ^u ! face ( 8   
belov$ z ( a god he rev]5ces him1 & if  
he 7 n afraid    ( be+ ?\ght a d[nright 
madman1 he w\ld sacrifice to    8 belov$
 z to ! image ( a god40 ,! ,phdrus (    
,plato1    trans4 ,b4 ,j[ett4    ,&     
aga93--      8,& s ! belov$ :o1 l a god1

 has receiv$ e true &    loyal s]vice f 
8 lov]1 n 9 pret5ce b 9 reality1    be+ 
also himself ( a nature fri5dly to 8    
admir]1 if 9    =m] days he has blu%$ to
 own 8 passion & turn$ away 8    lov]1  
because 8 y\?ful companions or o!rs     
sl&]\sly    told him t he w\ld be       
disgrac$1 n[ z ye>s advance1 at !       
appo9t$ age & "t1 is l$ to receive him  
into communion4 ,=    fate :i* has      
orda9$ t !re %all be no fri5d%ip among  
! evil has also orda9$ t !re %all ev] be
 fri5d%ip    among ! good4 ,& :5 he has 
receiv$ him into communion &            
intimacy1 !n ! belov$ is amaz$ at !     
goodwill ( !    lov]2 he recognises t ! 
inspir$ fri5d is wor? all o!r           
fri5d%ips or k9%ips1 :i* h no?+ (       
fri5d%ip 9 !m    9 comp>ison4 ,& :5 ?is 
feel+ cont9ues & he is ne>]    to him & 
embraces him1 9 gymna/ic ex]cises & at  
o!r    times ( meet+1 !n does ! f\nta9 (
 t /ream1 :i*    ,zeus :5 he 0 9 love ) 
,ganym$e nam$ desire1 ov]fl[    ^u !    
lov]1 & "s ent]s into 8 s\l1 & "s :5 he 

is fill$ fl[s out aga92 & z a breeze or 
an e*o reb\nds    f ! smoo? rocks &     
returns :5ce x came1 s does !    /ream (
 beauty1 pass+ ! eyes :i* are ! natural 
doors    & w9d[s ( ! s\l1 return aga9 to
 ! beautiful "o2 !re    arriv+ & quick5+
 ! passages ( ! w+s1 wat]+ !m    &      
incl9+ !m to gr[1 & fill+ ! s\l ( !     
belov$    also ) love40 ,ibid4    ,=    
,plato ! real p[] :i* ev] moves ! s\l is
 ?is rem9isc5ce  ( ! ,beauty :i* exi/s  
be=e all worlds4 ,9 ! actual _w !  s\l  
lives b 9 angui%1 an exile f h] true    
home2 b 9 !  pres5ce ( h] fri5d1 :o     
reveals ! ,div9e1 %e is loos$ f h]      
suff]+ & comes to h] hav5 ( re/4        
8,& :]ev] %e ! s\l ?9ks t %e w behold ! 
beautiful "o1 ?i!r 9 h] desire %e runs4 
,& :5 %e has    se5 him1 & ba!d h]self )
 ! wat]s ( desire1 h]    con/ra9t is    
loos5$1 & %e is refre%$1 & has no m     
pangs & pa9s2 & ?is is ! sweete/ ( all  
pleasures at    ! "t1 & is ! reason :y !
 s\l ( ! lov] w nev]    =sake 8         
beautiful "o1 :om he e/eems above all2  

he has    =gott5 "m & bre?r5 &          
companions1 & he ?9ks    no?+ ( !       
neglect & loss ( 8 prop]ty2 ! rules &   
proprieties ( life1 on :i* he =m]ly     
prid$ himself1 he n[    despises1 & is  
ready to sleep l a s]vant1 :]ev] he is  
all[$1 z ne> z he c to 8 beautiful "o1  
:o is n only    ! object ( 8 wor%ip1 b !
 only physician :o c heal    him 9 8    
extreme agony40 ,ibid4    ,sid5ote3 ,!  
,banquet ( ,x5ophon    ,at ano!r "t1 9 !
 ,banquet ( ,x5ophon1 ,socrates is aga9 
made to  speak at l5g? on ! subject (   
,love--?\gh n 9 s inspir$ a /ra9  z 9   
,plato3--      8,truly1 to speak = "o1  
,i nev] rememb] ! "t :5 ,i    0 n 9     
love2 ,i "k too t ,*>mides has _h a     
great    _m lov]s1 & be+ mu* belov$ has 
lov$ aga94 ,z =    ,critobulus1 he is   
/ill ( an age to love1 & to be belov$2  
& ,nic]ates too1 :o loves s passionately
 8 wife1 at lea/    z report goes1 is   
equally belov$ by h]4444 ,& z = y1      
,callias1 y love1 z well z ! re/ ( u2 = 
:o is x t    is ignorant ( y\r love =   

,autolycus8 ,x is ! t[n-talk2    &      
=eign]s1 z well z our citiz5s1 are      
acqua9t$ )    x4 ,! reason = y\r lov+   
him1 ,i believe to be t y    are bo?    
born ( illu/ri\s families2 & at ! same  
"t are    bo? possess$ ( p]sonal        
qualities t r5d] y yet m    illu/ri\s4  
,= me1 ,i always admir$ ! sweetness &   
ev5ness    ( y\r temp]2 b mu* m :5 ,i   
consid] t y\r passion    = ,autolycus is
 plac$ on a p]son :o has no?+ luxuri\s  
or    affect$ 9 him2 b 9 all ?+s %[s a  
vig\r & temp]ance    wor?y ( a virtu\s  
s\l2 :i* is a pro( at ! same "t t    if 
he is inf9itely belov$1 he des]ves to be
 s4 ,i confess    inde$ ,i am n firmly  
p]suad$ :e!r !re be b "o ,v5us    or    
two1 ! cele/ial & ! vulg>2 & x may be ) 
?is    goddess1 z ) ,jupit]1 :o has _m  
diff]5t names ?\gh    !re is /ill b "o  
,jupit]4 ,b ,i "k v well t bo?    !     
,v5uses h q diff]5t alt>s1 temples &    
sacrifices4    ,! vulg> ,v5us is        
wor%ipp$ aft] a common neglig5t mann]2  
:]eas ! cele/ial "o is ador$ 9 purity & 

sanctity (    life4 ,! vulg> inspires   
mank9d ) ! love ( ! body only1    b !   
cele/ial fires ! m9d ) ! love ( ! s\l1 )
    fri5d%ip1 & a g5]\s ?ir/ aft] noble 
actions4444 ,nor is    x h>d to prove1  
,callias1 t gods & h]oes h always _h    
m passion & e/eem = ! *>ms ( ! s\l1 ?an 
^?    ( ! body3 at lea/ ?is seems to h  
be5 ! op9ion ( our    anci5t au?ors4 ,= 
we may obs]ve 9 ! fables ( antiquity    
t ,jupit]1 :o lov$ sev]al mortals on    
acc\nt ( _!    p]sonal beauty only1 nev]
 conf]r$ ^u !m immortality4    ,:]eas x 
0 o!rwise ) ,h]cules1 ,ca/or1 ,pollux1 &
    sev]al o!rs2 = hav+ admir$ &        
applaud$ ! greatness    ( _! c\rage & ! 
beauty ( _! m9ds1 he enroll$ !m    9 !  
numb] ( ! gods4444 ,y are !n inf9itely  
oblig$ to    ! gods1 ,callias1 :o h     
inspir$ y ) love & fri5d%ip    =        
,autolycus1 z !y h inspir$ ,critobulus )
 ! same    = ,am&ra2 = real & pure      
fri5d%ip kn[s no diff]5ce 9    sexes40  
,banquet ( ,x5ophon  viii4 7,bohn74     
,sid5ote3 ,plut>* ,philosophises        

,plut>*1 :o wrote 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d4
 7ne>ly #ejj ye>s aft]  ,plato71 c>ri$  
on ! tradition ( 8 ma/]1 ?\gh ) an      
admixture  ( lat] influ5ces2 &          
philosophis$ ab\t fri5d%ip1 on ! basis (
  true love be+ a rem9isc5ce4      8,!  
ra9b[ is ,i suppose a reflection caus$  
by ! sun's    rays fall+ on a moi/ cl\d1
 mak+ u ?9k ! appe>ance    is 9 ! cl\d4 
,simil>ly erotic fancy 9 ! case ( noble 
s\ls causes a reflection ( ! memory f   
?+s :i* "h    appe> & are call$         
beautiful to :at is really div9e &      
lovely & felicit\s & wond]ful4 ,b mo/   
lov]s pursu+    & grop+ aft] ! semblance
 ( beauty 9 y\?s & wom51    z 9         
mirrors1#d c d]ive no?+ m c]ta9 ?an     
pleasure    mix$ ) pa94 ,& ?is seems !  
love-delirium ( ,ixion1 :o    in/ead ( !
 joy he desir$ embrac$ only a cl\d1 z   
*ildr5    :o desire to take ! ra9b[ into
 _! h&s1 clut*+ at    :atev] !y see4 ,b 
diff]5t is ! behavi\r ( ! noble    &    
*a/e lov]3 = he reflects on ! div9e     
beauty t c    only be felt1 :ile he uses

 ! beauty ( ! visible body only    z an 
organ ( ! memory1 ?\gh he embraces x &  
loves x1    & associat+ ) x is /ill m   
inflam$ 9 m9d4 ,& s    nei!r 9 ! body d 
!y sit ev] gaz+ at & desir+    ?is      
light1 nor aft] dea? d !y return to ?is 
_w    aga91 & skulk & loit] ab\t ! doors
 & b$*amb]s (    newly-m>ri$ p1         
disagreeable gho/s ( pleasure-lov+ &    
s5sual m5 & wom51 :o d n rightly des]ve 
! "n (    lov]s4 ,= ! true lov]1 :5 he  
has got into ! o!r _w    & associat$ )  
beauties z mu* z is lawful1 has w+s &   
is initiat$ & passes 8 "t above 9 !     
pres5ce ( 8    ,deity1 danc+ & wait+ ^u 
him1 until he goes back to !    mead[s (
 ! ,moon & ,aphrodite1 & sleep+ !re     
comm5ces    a new exi/5ce4 ,b ?is is a  
subject too high = ! pres5t             
occasion40 ,plut>*'s ,eroticus  xx4     
trans4 ,bohn's ,classics4               
,,iii4    ,poetry ( ,fri5d%ip among     
,greeks  ,romans          ,poetry (     
,fri5d%ip among ,greeks  ,romans      ,!
 fact1 already m5tion$1 t ! romance (   

love among ! ,greeks  0 *iefly felt     
t[>ds male fri5ds1 naturally l$ to _!   
poetry  be+ l>gely inspir$ by fri5d%ip2 
& ,greek lit]ature conta9s su*  a great 
numb] ( poems ( ?is sort1 t ,i h ?\ght x
 wor? :ile  to d$icate ! ma9 portion ( !
 foll[+ section to quotations f  !m4 ,no
 translations ( c\rse c d ju/ice to !   
beauty ( !  orig9als1 b ! few specim5s  
giv5 may help to illu/rate ! dep?  &    
t5d]ness z well z ! temp]ance & sobriety
 :i* on ! :ole  *>act]is$ ,greek feel+  
on ?is subject1 at any rate dur+ ! be/  
p]iod ( ,hell5ic culture4 ,! rema9d] ( !
 section is devot$ to  ,roman poetry ( !
 "t ( ! ,cs>s4    ,sid5ote3 ,motive (   
,hom]'s ,iliad    ,x is n always realis$
 t ! ,iliad ( ,hom] turns ^u ! motive  (
 fri5d%ip1 b ! extracts imm$iately      
foll[+ w p]haps make  ?is cle>4 ,e4 ,f4 
,m4 ,b5ecke 9 8 ,position ( ,wom5 9     
,greek ,poetry  7p4 #gf7 says ( !       
,iliad3--      8,x is a /ory ( :i* ! ma9
 motive is ! love ( ,a*illes    =       
,patroclus4 ,?is solution is a/\nd+ly   

simple1 & yet    x took me s long to br+
 myself to accept x t ,i am    q ready  
to =give anyone :o feels a simil>       
hesitation4    ,b ^? :o d accept x _c   
fail to obs]ve1 on fur!r                
consid]ation1 h[ ?or\ghly suitable a    
motive ( ?is k9d    w\ld be 9 a national
 ,greek epic4 ,= ?is is ! motive runn+  
?r\gh ! :ole ( ,greek life1 till t life 
0 transmut$    by ! influ5ce (          
,mac$onia4 ,! lov]-w>riors ,a*illes &   
,patroclus are ! direct spiritual       
ance/ors ( ! sacr$ ,b&    ( ,!bans1 :o  
di$ to a man on ! field ( ,*rona40      
,sid5ote3 ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds on ! same    
,! foll[+ two quotations are f ,! ,greek
 ,poets by ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds1  *4 iii4 p4
 #hj et seq43--      8,! ,iliad !re=e   
has = its :ole subject ! passion (      
,a*illes--t ard5t en]gy or  ( ! h]o :i* 
display$    itself fir/ z ang] aga9/    
,agamemnon1 & aft]w>ds z love    = ! lo/
 ,patroclus4 ,! tru? ( ?is 0 p]ceiv$ by 
"o (    ! greate/ poets & pr(\nde/1     
critics ( ! mod]n _w1    ,dante4 ,:5    

,dante1 9 ! ,inf]no1 wi%$ to describe   
,a*illes1    he wrote1 ) *>act]i/ic     
brevity3--                              
8,a*ille      ,*e p] amore al f9e       
combatteo40                             
78,a*illes      ,:o at ! la/ 0 br\ght to
 fight by love407      8,9 ?is pregnant 
s5t5ce ,dante s\nd$ ! :ole dep? ( !     
,iliad4 ,! wra? ( ,a*illes = ,agamemnon1
 :i* prev5t$ him    at fir/ f fight+2 ! 
love ( ,a*illes1 pass+ ! love (    wom51
 = ,patroclus1 :i* induc$ him to =ego 8 
ang] &    to fight at la/2 ^! are ! two 
poles on :i* ! ,iliad    turns40        
,sid5ote3 ,a*illes & ,patroclus    ,aft]
 8 qu>rel ) ,agamemnon1 n ev5 all !     
losses ( ! ,greeks  & ! entreaties (    
,agamemnon himself w induce ,a*illes to 
fight--n  till ,patroclus is sla9 by    
,hector--,patroclus1 8 de> fri5d 8:om   
above  all my comrades ,i hon\r$1 ev5 z 
myself40 ,!n he rises up1 dons 8  arm\r1
 & driv+ ! ,trojans be=e him rev5ges    
himself on ! body  ( ,hector4 ,b        
,patroclus lies yet unburi$2 & :5 !     

fight+ is  ov]1 to ,a*illes comes ! gho/
 ( 8 dead fri5d3--      8,! son (       
,peleus1 by ! %ore ( ! ro>+ sea lay1    
heavily    groan+1 surr\nd$ by 8        
,myrmidons2 on a fair space ( s&    he  
lay1 :]e ! waves lapp$ ! bea*4 ,!n      
slumb] took him1    loos+ ! c>es ( 8    
he>t1 & mantl+ s(tly ar\nd him1    =    
sorely we>i$ 7 8 radiant limbs ) driv+  
,hector on    by w9dy ,troy4 ,!re to him
 came ! s\l ( poor ,patroclus1 9    all 
?+s l himself1 9 /ature1 & 9 ! beauty ( 
8    eyes & voice1 & on ! =m 0 raim5t l 
8 own4 ,he    /ood above ! h]o's head1 &
 spake to him3--      8#8,sleepe/ ?\1 & 
me ha/ ?\ =gott51 ,a*illes8 ,n 9 my     
life w]t ?\ neglectful ( me1 b 9 dea?4  
,bury me soon1 t    ,i may pass ! gates 
( ,hades4 ,f> (f ! s\ls1 ! %ad[s (    ! 
dead1 repel me1 nor suff] me to jo9 !m  
on ! riv] bank2    b1 z x is1 ?us ,i    
roam ar\nd ! wide-door$ h\se ( ,hades4  
,b /ret* to me ?y h& ,i entreat2 = nev] 
aga9 %all ,i    return f ,hades :5 once 
ye %all h giv5 me ! me$ (    fun]al     

fire4 ,nay1 nev] %all we sit 9 life ap>t
 f our de>    comrades & take c\nsel    
toge!r4 ,b me ha? hateful fate          
envelop$--fate t 0 m9e at ! mom5t ( my  
bir?4 ,& =    ?yself1 div9e ,a*illes1 x 
is doom$ to die b5ea? ! noble           
,trojan's wall4 ,ano!r ?+ ,i say to !e1 
& bid !e d x if    ?\ wilt obey me3--lay
 n my bones ap>t f ?9e1 ,a*illes1    b  
lay !m toge!r2 = we 7 br\ght up toge!r 9
 y\r    h\se1 :5 ,m5tius br\ght me1 a   
*ild1 f ,opus to y\r    h\se1 because ( 
woeful blood%$ on ! day 9 :i* ,i slew ! 
son ( ,amphidamas1 myself a *ild1 n     
will+ x b 9 ang] at    our games4 ,!n   
did ! horseman1 ,peleus1 take me1 & re> 
me    9 8 h\se1 & cause me to be call$  
?y squire4 ,s !n let    "o grave also   
hide ! bones ( bo? ( u1 ! gold5 urn ?y  
goddess-"m gave to !e4'      8,him      
answ]$ swift-foot$ ,a*illes3--          
#8,:y1 de>e/ & mo/ hon\r$1 ha/ ?\ hi!r  
come1 to lay    on me ?is ?y behe/8 ,all
 ?+s mo/ c]ta9ly w ,i p]=m1    & b[ to  
:at ?\ bidde/4 ,b /& ?\ ne>3 ev5 = "o   

mom5t let u ?r[ our arms ^u ea* o!r's   
neck1 & take our    fill ( sorr[ful     
wail+4'      8,s spake he1 & ) 8        
out/ret*$ h&s he clasp$1 b    c\ld n    
seize4 ,! _s1 e>?w>d1 l smoke1 vani%$ ) 
a %riek4 ,!n all a/oni%$ arose ,a*illes1
 & beat 8 palms    toge!r1 & spake a    
pite\s ^w3--      #8,heav5s6 is !re !n1 
among ! dead1 s\l & ! %ade (    life1 b 
?\ght is !irs no m at all8 ,= ?r\gh !   
night ! s\l ( poor ,patroclus /ood above
 my head1 wail+    & sorr[+ l\d1 & bade 
me d 8 w2 x 0 ! v    semblance (        
himself4'      8,s spake he1 & 9 ! he>ts
 ( all ( !m he rais$ desire    (        
lam5tation2 & :ile !y 7 yet m\rn+1 to !m
    appe>$ rose-f+]$ dawn ab\t ! pite\s 
corpse40 ,iliad1    xxiii4 #ei et seq4  
,sid5ote3 ,plato on ! above    ,plato 9 
! ,symposium dwells t5d]ly on ?is       
relation betwe5  ,a*illes &             
,patroclus3--      ,& great 80 ! rew>d (
 ! true love ( ,a*illes t[>ds    8 lov] 
,patroclus--8 lov] & n 8 love 7! notion 
t    ,patroclus 0 ! belov$ "o is a      

fooli% error into :i*    s*ylus has     
fall51 = ,a*illes 0 surely ! fair] ( !  
two1 fair] also ?an all ! o!r h]oes2 &1 
z ,hom] in=ms    u1 he 0 /ill be>dless1 
& y\ng] f>74 ,& greatly z !    gods     
hon\r ! virtue ( love1 /ill ! return (  
love on !    "p ( ! belov$ to ! lov] is 
m admir$ & valu$ &    rew>d$ by !m1 = ! 
lov] has a nature m div9e &    wor?y (  
wor%ip4 ,n[ ,a*illes 0 q aw>e1 = he _h  
be5    told by 8 "m1 t he might avoid   
dea? & return home1    & live to a good 
old age1 if he ab/a9$ f slay+ ,hector4  
,nev]!less he gave 8 life to rev5ge 8   
fri5d1 & d>$    to die1 n only on 8     
behalf1 b aft] 8 dea?4 ,:]e=e    ! gods 
hon\r$ him ev5 above ,alce/is1 & s5t him
 to !    ,isl&s ( ! ,ble/40 ,symposium1 
spee* ( ,phdrus1 trans4 by    ,b4       
,j[ett4    ,sid5ote3 ,criticism (       
,plato's ,view    ,& on ?is passage     
,symonds has ! foll[+ note3--           
8,plato1 discuss+ ! ,myrmidones (       
s*ylus1 rem>ks 9 !    ,symposium t !    
tragic poet 0 wrong to make ,a*illes    

! lov] ( ,patroclus1 see+ t ,patroclus 0
 ! eld] (    ! two1 & t ,a*illes 0 !    
y\nge/ & mo/ beautiful    ( all !       
,greeks4 ,! fact h[ev] is t ,hom] raises
 no    "q 9 our m9ds ab\t ! relation (  
lov] & belov$4    ,a*illes & ,patroclus 
are comrades4 ,_! fri5d%ip is equal4    
,x 0 only ! reflective activity ( !     
,greek m9d1 work+    ^u ! ,hom]ic leg5d 
by ! light ( subsequ5t cu/om1 :i*       
introduc$ ^! di/9ctions40 ,! ,greek     
,poets1 *4 iii4 p4    #ajc4    ,sid5ote3
 ,a!nu    ,f ! "t ( ,hom] onw>ds1 ,greek
 lit]ature 0 full ( songs  celebrat+    
fri5d%ip3--      8,& 9 fact !re 0 su*   
emulation ab\t compos+ poems (    ?is   
sort1 & s f> 0 any "o f ?9k+ lightly ( !
    amatory poets1 t s*ylus1 :o 0 a v   
great poet1 &    ,sophocles too         
introduc$ ! subject ( ! loves ( m5 on ! 
/age 9 _! trag$ies3 ! "o describ+ ! love
 ( ,a*illes    = ,patroclus1 & ! o!r1 9 
8 ,niobe1 ! mutual love (    h] sons 7on
 :i* acc\nt "s h giv5 an ill "n to t    
trag$y72 & all su* passages z ^? are v  

agreeable to    ! spectators40 ,a!nu1   
bk4 xiii4 *4 #ge4    ,sid5ote3 ,f       
,!ognis    ,"o ( ! e>li] ,greek poets 0 
,!ognis 7,b4,c4 #eej7 ^: ,gnom or       
,maxims 7 a s]ies ( v]ses mo/ly address$
 to 8 "y fri5d  ,kurnus1 :om by ?is     
means he s\ght to guide & in/ruct out ( 
!  /ores ( 8 own rip] exp]i5ce4 ,! v]ses
 are res]v$ & didactic  = ! mo/ "p1 b n[
 & !n1 z 9 ! foll[+ passage1 %[  deep   
und]ly+ feel+3--      8,lo1 ,i h giv5 !e
 w+s :]e) to fly      ,ov] ! b\ndless   
ocean & ! e>?2    ,yea1 on ! lips ( _m  
%alt ?\ lie      ,! comrade ( _! banquet
 & _! mir?4    ,y\?s 9 _! lovel9ess %all
 make !e s\nd      ,^u ! silv] flute's  
melodi\s brea?2    ,& :5 ?\ goe/ d>kl+  
und]gr\nd      ,d[n to ! lam5table h\se 
( dea?1    ,oh yet n !n f hon\r %alt ?\ 
cease1      ,b w&]1 an imp]i%able "n1   
,kurnus1 ab\t ! seas & %ores ( ,greece1 
,cross+ f isle to isle ! b>r5 ma94      
,horses ?\ %alt n ne$1 b lightly ride   
,sp$ by ! ,muses ( ! violet cr[n1    ,& 
m5 to come1 :ile e>? & sun abide1       

,:o *]i% song %all *]i% ?y r5[n4        
,yea1 ,i h giv5 !e w+s6 & 9 return      
,?\ give/ me ! scorn ) :i* ,i burn40    
,!ognis ,gnomai1 l9es #bcg-bed1         
trans4 by ,g4 ,l[es ,dick9son4          
,sid5ote3 ,sappho    ,z ,!ognis _h 8    
well-lov$ disciples1 s _h ! poetess     
,sappho  7#fjj ,b4,c47 ,h] devotion to  
h] girl-fri5ds & companions is inde$    
prov]bial4      8,:at ,alcibiades &     
,*>mides & ,phdrus 7 to ,socrates1      
,gyr9na & ,at?is & ,anactoria 7 to !    
,lesbian40 ,max    ,tyrius1 quot$ 9 ,h4 
,t4 ,:>ton's ,sappho1 p4 #bc4           
,sid5ote3 ,to ,lesbia    ,p]haps ! few  
l9es ( ,sappho1 translat$ or p>aphras$  
by ,catullus  "u ! title ,to ,lesbia1 =m
 ! mo/ celebrat$ fragm5t ( h]  extant   
"w4 ,!y may be r\ghly r5d]$ ?us3--      
8,pe] ( all ! gods unto me appe>e?      
,he ( m5 :o sitt+ beside !e he>e?       
,close at h& ?y syllabl$ words sweet    
spok51            ,or lov+ laught]--    
,t sweet laugh :i* flutt]s my he>t &    
bosom4    ,=1 at sight ( !e1 9 an in/ant

 fail me    ,voice & spee*1 & "u my sk9 
!re c\rses            ,swiftly a ?9     
flame2      ,d>kness is on my eyes1 9 my
 e>s a drumm+1    ,dr5*$ 9 sweat my     
frame1 my body trembl+2    ,pal] ev'n   
?an grass--'tis1 ,i d\bt1 b little      
,f dea? divides me40    ,sid5ote3       
,anacreon to ,ba?yllus    ,sev]al ( !   
odes ( ,anacreon 7,b4,c4 #ebj7 are      
address$ to 8 "y  fri5d ,ba?yllus4 ,!   
foll[+ %ort "o has be5 pres]v$ to u by  
,a!nu 7bk4 xiii4  #ag73--      8,o boy1 
) virg9-glanc+ eye1      ,i call !e1 b  
?\ do/ n he>2    ,?\ "k'/ n h[ my s\l   
do? cry      ,= !e1 its *>iote]40       
,sid5ote3 ,epigram on ,lov]s            
,anacreon _h n ! passion & dep? (       
,sappho1 b !re is a m>k (  g5u9e feel+ 9
 "s ( 8 poems1 z 9 ?is simple little    
epigram3--      8,on _! h9dqu>t]s horses
      ,are br&$ (t ) fire1    ,& anyone 
kn[s a ,p>?ian      ,because he we>s a  
ti>2    ,& ,i at sight ( lov]s      ,_! 
nature c decl>e1    ,= 9 _! he>ts !y too
      ,"s subtle flame-m>k be>40        

,sid5ote3 ,p9d> to ,!ox5os    ,! foll[+ 
fragm5t is f ,p9d>'s ,ode to 8 "y fri5d 
,!ox5os--9 ^: arms ,p9d> is said to h   
di$ 7,b4,c4 #ddb73--      8,o s\l1 'tis 
?9e 9 season meet1    ,to pluck ( love !
 blossom sweet1      ,:5 he>ts are "y3  
,b he :o sees ! blaz+ beams1    ,! light
 t f t =ehead /reams1      ,& is n      
/ung2--    ,:o is n /orm-toss$ )        
desire1--    ,lo6 he1 ,i we51 ) froz5   
fire1    ,( adamant or /ubborn /eel     
,is =g$ 9 8 cold he>t t _c feel40       
,trans4 by ,j4 ,add+ton ,symonds1       
,! ,greek ,poets1 vol4 #a1 p4 #bhf4     
,sid5ote3 ,epigrams ( ,plato    ,plato's
 epigrams on ,a/] & ,aga?on are well    
kn[n4 ,! two  fir/-quot$ make a play (  
c\rse on ! "n ,a/] 7/>74      ,to ,a/]3 
8,?\ w]t ! morn+ /> among ! liv+1       
,ere ?y fair light _h fl$2    ,n[1 hav+ 
di$1 ?\ art z ,hesp]us1 giv+      ,new  
spl5d\r to ! dead40                     
7,%elley47      ,to ! same3      8,?\ at
 ! />s do/ gaze1 :o art my />--,o w\ld t
 ,i 7    ,heav51 to gaze on !e1 ev] )   

?\s&s ( eyes40      ,to ,aga?on3        
8,!e z ,i ki/1 behold6 on my lips my own
 s\l 0 trembl+2    ,=1 bold "o1 %e _h   
come1 mean+ to f9d h] way ?r\gh40       
,sid5ote3 ,meleag]    ,!re are _m o!r   
epigrams & songs on ! same subject f !  
,greek writ]s4 ,! foll[+ is by ,meleag] 
7a native ( ,gad>a 9  ,pale/9e7 ab\t #fj
 ,b4,c41 & "o ( ! sweete/ & mo/ human ( 
!  lyric poets3--      8,o mortals      
cross$ 9 love6 ! ,s\?w9d1 see6      ,t  
bl[s s fair = sailor folk1 ha? ta'en    
,half ( my s\l1 ,&raga?os1 f me4        
,?rice happy %ips1 ?rice blessd bill[y  
ma91    ,& f\r times favor$ w9d t be>s !
 y\?1    ,o w\ld ,i 7 a ,dolph96 s1 9   
tru?1    ,high on my %\ld]s f]ri$ he    
%\ld come    ,to ,rhodes1 sweet haunt ( 
boys1 8 isl&-home40                  ,f 
! ,greek ,an?ology1 ii4 #djb4           
,sid5ote3 ,epigram    ,also f ! ,greek  
,an?ology3--      8,o say1 & aga9       
repeat1 fair1 fair--& /ill ,i w say x-- 
,h[ fair1 my fri5d1 & good to see1 ?\   
art2    ,on p9e or oak or wall ?y "n ,i 

d n blazon--      ,love has too deeply  
grav$ x 9 my he>t40    ,sid5ote3        
,epitaph ,anonym\s      8,p]haps ! mo/  
beautiful says ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds ( !     
sepul*ral epigrams is "o by an unkn[n   
writ]1 ( :i* ,i "h    give a free       
p>aphrase4 ,an?4 ,pal41 vii4 #cdf3--    
#8,( our great love1 ,p>!nophil1    ,?is
 little /one abide? /ill      ,sole sign
 & tok53    ,i seek !e yet1 & yet %all  
seek1    ,?o' fa9t m9e eyes1 my _s weak 
,) pray]s unspok54      ,mean:ile be/   
fri5d ( fri5ds1 d ?\1    ,if ?is ! cruel
 fates all[1      ,by dea?'s d>k riv]1  
,among ^? %ad[y p1 dr9k    ,no drop = me
 on ,le!'s br9k3      ,=get me nev]6'0  
,! ,greek ,poets1 vol4 #b1 p4 #bih4     
,!ocritus1 ?\gh com+ late 9 ! ,greek age
 7ab\t #cjj ,b4,c47 :5  ,a!ns _h yield$ 
place to ,alex&ria1 /ill c>ri$ on !     
,greek  tradition 9 a rem>kable way4 ,a 
native ( ,syracuse1 he caught &  e*o$ 9 
a f9] =m ! life & songs ( ! c\ntry folk 
( t  region--!mselves desc5dants (      
,dorian settl]s4 ,songs & ballads  full 

( simil> notes l+] among ! ,greek       
peasants1 %eph]ds &  fi%]-folk1 ev5 d[n 
to ! pres5t day4    ,sid5ote3 ,!ocritus 
,idyl ,,xii4    ,! foll[+ poem 7trans4  
by ,m4 ,j4 ,*apman1 #ahcf7 is "o ( ! be/
  kn[n & mo/ beautiful ( 8 ,idyls3--    
,,idyl ,,xii4      8,art come1 de> y\?8 
two days & nights away6    7,:o burn )  
love1 gr[ ag$ 9 a day47    ,z mu* z     
apples sweet ! damson crude    ,excel2 !
 bloom+ spr+ ! w9t] rude2    ,9 fleece !
 %eep h] lamb2 ! maid 9 sweetness    ,! 
?rice-w$ dame2 ! fawn ! calf 9          
fleetness2    ,! night+ale 9 song all   
fea!r$ k9d--    ,s mu* ?y long$-=       
pres5ce *e]s my m9d4    ,to !e ,i ha/51 
z to %ady bee*1    ,! travell]1 :5 f !  
heav5's rea*    ,! sun fi]ce blazes4    
,may our love be /rong1    ,to all      
h]eaft] times ! !me ( song6    #8,two m5
 ea* o!r lov$ to t degree1    ,t ei!r   
fri5d did 9 ! o!r see    ,a de>] ?an    
himself4 ,!y liv$ ( old    ,bo? gold5   
natures 9 an age ( gold4'      ,o fa!r  
,zeus6 ageless immortals all6    ,two   

hundr$ ages h5ce may "o recall1         
,d[n-com+ to ! irremeable riv]1    ,?is 
to my m9d1 & ?is good news deliv]3      
#8,e'en n[ f ea/ to we/1 f nor? to s\?1 
,y\r mutual fri5d%ip lives 9 e m\?4'    
,?is1 z !y please1 ?' ,olympians w      
decide3    ,( !e1 by bloom+ virtue      
beautifi$1    ,my gl[+ song %all only   
tru? disclose2    ,) falsehood's pu/ules
 ,i'll n %ame my nose4    ,if ?\ do/    
sometime grieve me1 sweet ! pleasure    
,( reconcilem5t1 joy 9 d\ble measure    
,to f9d ?\ nev] did/ int5d ! pa91    ,& 
feel myself f all d\bt free aga94       
,& ye ,meg>ians1 at ,nisa dwell+1       
,exp]t at r[+1 m>9]s excell+1    ,be    
happy ev]6 = ) hon\rs due    ,?' ,a!nian
 ,diocles1 to fri5d%ip true    ,ye      
celebrate4 ,) ! fir/ blu% ( spr+    ,!  
y\? surr\nd 8 tomb3 !re :o %all br+     
,! sweete/ kiss1 ^: lip is pure/ f\nd1  
,back to 8 "m goes ) g>l&s cr[n$4       
,nice t\* ! arbit] mu/ h inde$1    ,&   
mu/1 me?9ks1 ! blue-ey$ ,ganym$e        
,invoke ) _m pray]s--a m\? to own       

,true to ! t\* ( lips1 z ,lydian /one   
,to pro( ( gold--:i* te/ w in/ant %[    
,! pure or base1 z money *ang]s "k40    
,sid5ote3 ,idyl ,,xxix4    ,! foll[+    
,idyl1 ( :i* ,i app5d a r5d]+1 is       
attribut$ to  ,!ocritus3--      ,,idyl  
,,xxix4      8,!y say1 de> boy1 t w9e & 
tru? agree2    ,&1 be+ 9 w9e1 ,i'll tell
 ! tru? to !e--    ,yes1 all t works 9  
secret 9 my s\l4    ',tis ?is3 ?\ do/ n 
love me ) ?y :ole    ,untamp]$ he>t4 ,i 
"k2 = half my "t    ,is sp5t 9 gaz+ on  
?y beauty's prime2    ,! o!r half is    
n\ght4 ,:5 ?\ art good1    ,my days are 
l ! gods'2 b :5 ! mood    ,torm5t+ takes
 !e1 'tis my night ( woe4    ,h[ 7 x "r 
to vex a lov] s8    ,take my advice1 my 
lad1 ?9e eld] fri5d1    ',twill make !e 
glad & grateful 9 ! end3    ,9 "o tree  
build "o ne/1 s no grim snake    ,may   
creep ^u !e4 ,= to-day ?\'lt make    ,?y
 home on "o bran*1 & to-morr[ *ang+     
,wilt seek ano!r1 to :at's new /ill     
rang+2    ,& %\ld a /rang] praise y\r   
h&some face1    ,him m ?an              

?ree-ye>-prov5 fri5d y'll grace1        
,:ile him :o lov$ y fir/ y'll treat z   
cold    ,z "s acqua9tance%ip ( ?ree days
 old4    ,?\ flie/ high1 me?9ks1 9 love 
& pride2    ,b ,i w\ld say3 keep ev] at 
?y side    ,a mate t is ?9e equal2 do+  
s1    ,! t[nsfolk %all speak well ( !e  
alway1    ,& love %all nev] visit !e )  
woe--    ,love t s easily m5's he>ts c  
flay1    ,& m9e has conqu]$ t 0 er/ (   
/eel4    ,nay1 by ?y graci\s lips ,i    
make appeal3    ,rememb] ?\ w]t y\ng] a 
ye> agone    ,& we gr[ grey & wr9kl$1   
all1 or e'er    ,we c escape our doom2 (
 mortals none    ,8 y\? retakes aga91 = 
azure w+s    ,are on h] %\ld]s1 & we    
sons ( c>e    ,are all too sl[ to cat*  
su* fly+ ?+s4      ,m9dful ( ?is1 be    
g5tle1 is my pray]1    ,& love me1      
guileless1 ev'n z ,i love !e2    ,s :5  
?\ ha/ a be>d1 su* fri5ds z 7           
,a*illes & ,patroclus we may be40       
,sid5ote3 ,bion    ,bion 0 a poet ( ab\t
 ! same p]iod z ,!ocritus1 b ( :om      
little is kn[n4 ,! foll[+ is a fragm5t  

translat$ by ,a4 ,lang3--      8,happy  
are !y t love1 :5 ) equal love !y are   
rew>d$4 ,happy 0 ,!seus1 :5 ,piri?u 0 by
 8 side1 yea    ?o' he w5t d[n to ! h\se
 ( implacable ,hades4 ,happy among      
h>d m5 & inhospitable 0 ,ore/es1 = t    
,pylades *ose to    %>e 8 w&]+s4 ,& he 0
 happy1 ,a*illes acides1 :ile    8 d>l+ 
liv$1--happy 0 he 9 8 dea?1 because he  
av5g$    ! dread fate ( ,patroclus40    
,!ocritus1 ,bion & ,mos*us1    ,gold5   
,treasury s]ies1 p4 #ahb4    ,sid5ote3  
,lam5t = ,bion by ,mos*us    ,!         
beautiful ,lam5t = ,bion by ,mos*us is  
int]e/+ 9 ?is  connection1 & %\ld be    
comp>$ ) ,%elley's lam5t = ,keats 9     
,adonais--= :i* latt] poem inde$ x      
suppli$ "s sugge/ions3--      8,ye      
m\nta9 valleys1 pitifully groan6        
,riv]s & ,dorian spr+s = ,bion weep6    
,ye plants drop te>s6 ye groves lam5t+  
moan6    ,exhale y\r life1 wan fl[]s2   
y\r blu%es deep    ,9 grief1 anemonies &
 roses1 /eep6    ,9 s(te/ murmurs1      
,hyac9?6 prolong    ,! sad1 sad woe ?y  

lett]$ petals keep2    ,our m9/rel s+s  
no m 8 fri5ds among    ,sicilian muses6 
n[ beg9 ! doleful song40                
,m4 ,j4 ,*apman trans4 9 !              
,greek ,pa/oral ,poets1 #ahcf4          
,sid5ote3 ,/ory ( ,hyac9?us    ,!       
allusion to ,hyac9? is ?us expla9$ by   
,*apman3--      8,hyac9?us1 a ,sp>tan   
y\?1 ! son ( ,clio1 0 9 great    fav\r )
 ,apollo4 ,zephyrus1 be+ enrag$ t he    
pref]r$    ,apollo to him1 blew ! discus
 :5 flung by ,apollo1 on a day    t     
,hyac9?us 0 play+ at discus-?r[+ ) t    
god1    aga9/ ! head ( ! y\?1 & s kill$ 
him4 ,apollo1 be+    unable to save 8   
life1 *ang$ him into ! fl[] :i* 0       
nam$ aft] him1 & on ^: petals ! ,greeks 
fanci$ !y    c\ld trace ! notes ( a     
grief1 1 4#e ,a fe/ival call$    !      
,hyac9?ia 0 celebrat$ = ?ree days 9 ea* 
ye> at    ,sp>ta1 9 hon\r ( ! god & 8   
unhappy favorite40 ,note to    ,mos*us1 
,idyl iii4    ,sid5ote3 ,told by ,ovid  
,! /ory ( ,apollo & ,hyac9? is          
gracefully told by ,ovid1 9 ! t5?  book 

( 8 ,metamorphoses3--      8,midway     
betwixt ! pa/ & com+ night    ,/ood     
,titan#f :5 ! pair1 _! limbs unrob$1    
,& gli/'n+ ) ! olive's unctu\s juice1   
,9 fri5dly conte/ ) ! discus vi$40    ,!
 y\ng] "o is /ruck by ! discus2 & l a   
fad+ fl[]      8,to its own weight      
unequal droop$ ! head    ,( ,hyac9?2 &  
o'er him wail$ ! god3--    ,lie/ ?\ s1  
balia's *ild1 ( y\?    ,untimely robb$1 
& w\nd$ by my fault--    ,at once my    
grief & guilt8--,?is h& ha? dealt    ,?y
 dea?6 ',tis ,i :o s5d !e to ! grave6   
,& yet sc>ce guilty1 unless guilt x 7   
,to sport1 or guilt to love !e6 ,w\ld   
?is life    ,might ?9e r$eem1 or be )   
?9e resign$6    ,b ?\--s9ce ,fate d5ies 
a god to die--    ,be pres5t ) me ev]6  
,let ?y "n    ,dwell ev] 9 my he>t & on 
my lips1    ,!me ( my lyre & burd5 ( my 
song2    ,& ev] be> ! e*o ( my wail     
,writ on ?y new-born fl[]6 ,! "t %all   
come    ,:51 ) ?yself associate1 to its 
"n    ,! mightie/ ( ! ,greeks %all l9k 8
 own4      ,prophetic z ,apollo m\rn$1 !

 blood    ,t ) its dripp+ crimson dy$ ! 
turf    ,0 blood no m3 & sudd5 sprang to
 life    ,a fl[]40                      
,ovid's ,metamorphoses trans4           
,h4 ,k+1 ,london1 #ahga4    ,sid5ote3   
,virgil ,eclogue ,,ii4    ,9 ,roman     
lit]ature1 g5]ally1 z might be expect$1 
) its m  mat]iali/ic _s1 ! romance ( a  
fri5d%ip is little dwelt ^u2  ?\gh !    
gross] side ( ! passion1 9 su* writ]s z 
,catullus  & ,m>tial1 is mu* 9 evid5ce4 
,/ill we f9d 9 ,virgil a notable        
in/ance4 ,8 #bnd ,eclogue be>s ! m>ks ( 
g5u9e feel+2 &1  accord+ to "s critics1 
he !re "u ! guise ( ,%eph]d ,corydon's  
love = ,alexis celebrates 8 own atta*m5t
 to ! y\?ful ,alex&]3--      8,corydon1 
keep] ( cattle1 once lov$ ! fair lad    
,alexis2    ,b he1 ! delight ( 8 ma/]1  
p]mitt$ no hope to ! %eph]d4            
,corydon1 lovesick swa91 w5t into ! =e/ 
( bee*es1    ,& !re to ! m\nta9s &      
woods--! "o relief ( 8 passion--    ,)  
useless ef=t outp\r$ ! foll[+ artless   
compla9+s3--    ,alexis1 b>b>\s y\?1    

say1 d n my m\rnful lays move !e8       
,%[+ me no compassion1 ?\'lt surely     
compel me to p]i%4    ,ev5 ! cattle n[  
seek aft] places bo? cool & %ady2       
,ev5 ! liz>ds gre5 conceal !mselves 9 ! 
?orn-bu%4    ,!/ylis1 tak+ sweet h]bs1  
su* z g>lic & ?yme1 = ! reap]s    ,fa9t 
) ! scor*+ noon1 do? ma% !m & bray 9 a  
mort>4    ,alone 9 ! heat ( ! day am ,i 
left ) ! scream+ cicalas1    ,:ile      
pati5t 9 track+ ?y pa?1 ,i ev] pursue   
!e1 ,belovd40                           
,trans4 by ,j4 ,w4 ,baylis4    ,sid5ote3
 ,corydon & ,alexis    ,!re is a        
translation ( ?is same #bnd ,eclogue1 by
 ,abraham ,fraunce  7#aeia7 :i* is      
int]e/+ n only on acc\nt ( its felicity 
(  phrase1 b because1 z 9 ! case ( "s   
o!r ,elizabe?an hexamet]s1  ! metre is  
rul$ by quantity1 i4e41 l5g? (          
syllables1 in/ead  ( by acc5t4 ,! foll[+
 are ! fir/ five l9es ( ,fraunce's      
translation3--      8,silly %eph]d      
,corydon lov'd h>tyly fayre lad ,alexis1
    ,8 ma/]'s de>l+1 b saw noe matt] (  

hop+2    ,only amyd/ d>ck groves ?ickset
 ) broade-%adoe bee*-trees    ,dayly    
resort did he make1 ?us alone to !      
woods1 to ! m\ntayns1    ,) brok5       
spee*es fond ?\ghts !re va9ly reveal+40 
,sid5ote3 ,catullus to ,qu9tius         
,catullus also 7b4 ,b4,c4 #hg7 has "s   
v]ses ( real feel+3--      8,qu9tius1 if
 'tis ?y wi% & w      ,t ,i %\ld owe my 
eyes to !e1    ,or any?+ t's de>] /ill1 
,if aught t's de>] !re c be2      ,!n   
rob me n ( t ,i prize1      ,( ! de> =m 
t is to me1    ,oh6 f> f> de>] ?an my   
eyes1      ,or aught1 if de>] aught !re 
be40                   ,catullus1 trans4
 ,hon4                 ,j4 ,lamb1 #ahba4
    ,sid5ote3 ,to ,juv5tius      8,if   
all comply+1 ?\ w\ld'/ grant      ,?y   
lovely eyes to kiss1 my fair1    ,long z
 ,i pleas$2 oh6 ,i w\ld plant      ,?ree
 hundr$ ?\s& kisses !re4      ,nor c\ld 
,i ev5 !n refra91      ,nor satiate     
leave t f\nt ( blisses1    ,?o' ?ick]   
?an autumnal gra9      ,%\ld be our gr[+
 crop ( kisses40                        

7,ibid47    ,sid5ote3 ,to ,lic9ius      
8,long at our leisure ye/]day    ,idl+1 
,lic9ius1 we wrote    ,^u my tablets    
v]ses gay1    ,or took our turns1 z     
fancy smote1    ,at rhymes & dice & w9e4
      ,b :5 ,i left1 ,lic9ius m9e1      
,y\r grace & y\r faceti\s mood    ,_h   
fir$ me s1 t nei!r food    ,w\ld /ay my 
mis]y1 nor sleep    ,my rov+ eyes 9     
quiet keep4    ,b /ill consum$1 )\t     
respite1    ,i toss$ ab\t my c\* 9 va9  
,& long$ = day--if speak ,i might1      
,or be ) y aga94      ,b :5 my limbs )  
all ! /ra9    ,worn out1 half dead lay  
on my b$1    ,sweet fri5d to !e ?is v]se
 ,i p5n$1    ,t s ?\ maye/ condesc5d    
,to und]/& my pa94      ,s n[1 ,lic9ius1
 bew>e6    ,& be n ra%1 b to my pray]   
,a graci\s he>+ t5d]2    ,le/ on ?y head
 p\nce ,nemesis3    ,a goddess sudd5 &  
swift %e is--    ,bew>e le/ ?\ (f5d h]60
    ,sid5ote3 ,m>tial to ,diadum5os     
,! foll[+ little poem is tak5 f ,m>tial3
      8,z a v9ey>d brea!s1 ^: b\ghs )   
grapes are b5d+1      ,or g>d5 :]e are  

hiv$ ,sicanian bees2    ,z upturn$ clods
 :5 summ] ra9's desc5d+      ,or or*>ds 
ri* ) blossom-lad5 trees2    ,s1 cruel  
y\?1 ?y kisses brea!--s sweet--         
,w\ld'/ ?\ b grant me all _! grace1     
complete60          ,,iv4    ,fri5d%ip 9
 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian  ,m$ival ,times         
,fri5d%ip 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian  ,m$ival     
,times      ,! quotations we h giv5 f   
,plato & o!rs %[ ! v high  ideal (      
fri5d%ip :i* obta9$ 9 ! old _w1 & !     
respect  accord$ to x4 ,) ! incom+ ( !  
,*ri/ian c5turies1 & !  gr[? (          
,alex&rian & ,g]manic influ5ces1 a *ange
 began to take  place4 ,woman rose to   
great] fre$om & dignity & influ5ce ?an  
be=e4 ,! romance ( love began to c5tre  
r\nd h]4#g ,! days (  *ivalry br\ght a  
new devotion into ! _w1 & ! ,*ur* exalt$
  ! ,virg9 ,"m to ! highe/ place 9      
heav54 ,fri5d%ip betwe5  m5 ceas$ to be 
reg>d$ 9 ! old light--i4e41 z a ?+ (    
deep  feel+1 & an important social      
in/itution4 ,x 0 ev51 "h &  !re1 look$  
on ) disfav\r--& lapses f ! purity or   

*a/ity (  its /&>d 7 readily suspect$ & 
viol5tly reprobat$4 ,c]ta9ly  x surviv$ 
9 ! mona/ic life = a long p]iod2 b ?\gh 
inspir+  ?is to a great ext5t1 its      
influ5ce 0 n g5]ally ackn[l$g$4  ,!     
,family1 9 ! mod]n & m limit$ s5se ( !  
^w 7z oppos$  to ! clan71 became !      
recognis$ unit ( social life1 & ! ideal 
c5tre ( all good influ5ces 7z illu/rat$ 
9 ! wor%ip ( ! ,holy  ,family74 ,at !   
same "t1 by ?is v %r9kage ( ! ,family1 z
 well  z by o!r influ5ces1 ! solid>ity (
 society became to "s ext5t  weak5$1 &  
gradually ! m communi/ic =ms ( ! e>ly _w
  gave place to ! individualism ( !     
comm]cial p]iod4    ,! special s5tim5t (
 comrade-love or atta*m5t 7be+ a ?+     
inh]5t 9 human nature7 rema9$ ( c\rse   
?r\gh ! ,*ri/ian  c5turies1 z be=e1 &   
unalt]$--except t be+ no long]          
recognis$ x became a private & p]sonal  
affair1 runn+ (t5  p[]fully en\gh b5ea? 
! surface ( society1 b op5ly            
unackn[l$g$1 & s f> depriv$ ( "s ( its  
dignity & influ5ce4  ,ow+ to ?is fact   

!re is no?+1 = ?is p]iod1 to be quot$ 9 
! way ( g5]al ideal or public op9ion on 
! subject ( fri5d%ip1  & ! foll[+       
sections !re=e become limit$ to !       
expression  ( individual s5tim5ts &     
exp]i5ces1 9 prose & poetry4 ,^! we     
f9d1 dur+ ! m$ival p]iod1 l>gely color$ 
by religion2 :ile  at ! ,r5aissance &   
aft]w>ds !y are evid5tly affect$ by     
,greek  associations4    ,sid5ote3 ,sa9t
 ,augu/9e    ,foll[+ are "s passages f  
,s4 ,augu/9e3--      8,9 ^? ye>s :5 ,i  
fir/ began to tea* 9 my native t[n1     
,i _h made a fri5d1 "o :o ?r\gh hav+ !  
same int]e/s    0 v de> to me1 "o ( my  
own age1 & l me 9 ! fir/    fl[] ( y\?4 
,we _h gr[n up toge!r1 & w5t toge!r to  
s*ool1 & us$ to play toge!r4 ,b he 0 n  
yet s great    a fri5d z aft]w>ds1 nor  
ev5 !n 0 our fri5d%ip true2    =        
fri5d%ip is n true unless ,?\ cem5te/ x 
betwe5    ^? :o are unit$ to ,!e by t   
#8love :i* is %$ abroad    9 our he>ts  
by ! ,holy ,gho/ :i* is giv5 unto u4'   
,yet    our fri5d%ip 0 b too sweet1 &   

f]m5t$ by ! pursuit    ( k9dr$ /udies4  
,= ,i _h turn$ him aside f ! true       
fai? 7( :i* z a y\? he _h b an imp]fect 
grasp7 to    p]nici\s & sup]/iti\s      
fables1 = :i* my "m griev$    ov] me4 ,&
 n[ 9 m9d he err$ ) me1 & my s\l c\ld n 
endure to be sep>at$ f him4 ,b lo1 ,?\  
did/ foll[ close    beh9d ,?y fugitives1
 ,?\--bo? ,god ( v5geance & f\nta9 (    
m]cies--did/ conv]t u by wond]ful ways2 
behold1 ,?\ did/    take him out ( ?is  
life1 :5 sc>cely a ye> _h our close     
intimacy la/$--sweet to me beyond !     
sweetness ( my :ole    life4444         
8,no ray ( light pi]c$ ! gloom ) :i* my 
he>t 0    envelop$ by ?is grief1 & :]ev]
 ,i look$ ,i beheld dea?4    ,my native 
place 0 a torm5t to me1 & my fa!r's h\se
    /rangely joyless2 & :atev] ,i _h %>$
 ) him1 )\t    him 0 n[ turn$ into a    
huge torture4 ,my long+ eyes s\ght      
him ev]y:]e1 & f\nd him n2 & ,i hat$ ! v
 places1    because he 0 n 9 !m1 nei!r  
c\ld !y say to me #8he is    com+1' z !y
 us$ to d :5 he 0 alive & 0 abs5t4    ,&

 ,i became a great puzzle to myself1 &  
,i ask$ my s\l :y    x 0 s sad1 & :y s  
disquiet$ )9 me2 & x knew n    :at to   
answ]4 ,& if ,i said #8,tru/ ?\ 9 ,god1'
 x rightly    did n obey2 = t de>e/ "o  
:om x _h lo/ 0 bo?    tru] & bett] ?an t
 phantasm 9 :i* x 0 bidd5 to    tru/4   
,weep+ 0 ! only ?+ :i* 0 sweet to me1 & 
x succe$$ my fri5d 9 ! de>e/ place 9 my 
he>t40 ,s4    ,augu/9e1 ,confessions1   
bk4 #d1 *4 iv4 ,trans4 by ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 
,hut*+s1 ,m4,a4      8,i 0 mis]able1 &  
mis]able is e s\l :i* is fett]$    by ! 
love ( p]i%able ?+s2 he is torn to      
pieces :5    he loses !m1 & !n he       
p]ceives h[ mis]able he 0 9    reality  
:ile he possess$ !m4 ,& s 0 ,i !n1 & ,i 
wept    mo/ bitt]ly1 & 9 t bitt]ness ,i 
f\nd re/4 ,?us 0 ,i    mis]able1 & t    
mis]able life ,i held de>] ?an my fri5d4
    ,= ?\gh ,i w\ld fa9 h *ang$ x1 yet  
to x ,i clung ev5    m ?an to him2 & ,i 
_c say :e!r ,i w\ld h p>t$    ) x = 8   
sake1 z x is relat$1 if true1 t ,ore/es 
& ,pylades 7 will+ to d1 = !y w\ld      

gladly h    di$ = ea* o!r1 or toge!r1 = 
!y pref]r$ dea? to    sep>ation f ea*   
o!r4 ,b 9 me a feel+ :i* ,i _c          
expla91 & "o ( a contradictory nature _h
 aris52 = ,i    _h at once an unbe>able 
we>9ess ( liv+1 & a fe> (    dy+4 ,= ,i 
believe ! m ,i lov$ him1 ! m ,i hat$ &  
dread$ dea? :i* _h tak5 him f me1 &     
reg>d$ x z    a mo/ cruel enemy2 & ,i   
felt z if x w\ld soon dev\r all    m51  
n[ t its p[] _h rea*$ him4444 ,= ,i     
m>vell$ t    o!r mortals liv$1 because  
he :om ,i _h lov$1 )\t ?\ght    ( 8 ev] 
dy+1 0 dead2 & t ,i /ill liv$--,i :o 0  
ano!r self--:5 he 0 gone1 0 a great]    
m>vel /ill4 ,well    said a c]ta9 "o ( 8
 fri5d1 #8,?\ half ( my s\l2' = ,i      
felt t 8 s\l & m9e 7 #8"o s\l 9 two     
bodies'3 &    !re=e life 0 to me        
horrible1 because ,i hat$ to live z     
half ( a life2 & !re=e p]haps ,i fe>$ to
 die1 le/ he    %\ld :olly die :om ,i _h
 lov$ s greatly40 ,ibid1 *4 vi4         
,sid5ote3 ,montalemb]t on ! ,monks    ,x
 is int]e/+ to see1 9 ^! extracts f ,s4 

,augu/9e1 &  9 ^? :i* foll[ f           
,montalemb]t1 ! po9ts ( lik5ess &       
diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian ideal ( love 
& t ( ,plato4 ,bo?  are highly          
transc5d5tal1 bo? seem to contemplate an
 inn] union (  s\ls1 beyond ! rea* (    
space & "t2 b 9 ,plato ! union is 9     
contemplation ( ! ,et]nal ,beauty1 :ile 
9 ! ,*ri/ian tea*]s x  is 9 devotion to 
a p]sonal ,god4      8,if inanimate     
nature 0 to !m an abundant s\rce (      
pleasure    !y _h a life /ill m lively &
 elevat$ 9 ! life ( !    he>t1 9 ! d\ble
 love :i* burn$ 9 !m--! love ( _!       
bre?r5 inspir$ & consecrat$ by ! love ( 
,god40 ,monks (    ! ,we/1 introdn41 *4 
v4      8,ev]y?+ invit$ & enc\rag$ !m to
 *oose "o or sev]al    s\ls z ! intimate
 companions ( _! life4444 ,& to prove   
h[ little ! div9e love1 ?us und]/ood &  
practis$1 t5ds    to exclude or *ill !  
love ( man = man1 nev] 0 human          
eloqu5ce m t\*+ or m s9c]e ?an 9 t      
immortal    elegy by :i* ,s4 ,b]n>d     
lam5ts a lo/ bro!r snat*$ by    dea? f !

 cloi/]3--#8,fl[1 fl[ my te>s1 s eag] to
 fl[6    he :o prev5t$ y\r fl[+ is "h no
 m6 ,x is n he :o    is dead1 x is ,i :o
 n[ live only to die4 ,:y1 ,o :y h we   
lov$1 & :y h we lo/ ea* o!r4'0 ,ibid4   
8,! mutual affection :i* reign$ among ! 
monks fl[$ z a    mighty /ream ?r\gh !  
annals ( ! cloi/]4 ,x has left    its   
trace ev5 9 ! #8=mulas1' collect$ ) c>e 
by mod]n    erudition4444 ,!            
correspond5ce ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s1 (      
,ge(frey de ,v5dme1 ( ,pi]re le         
,vnrable1 & ( ,s4 ,b]n>d1    give pro(s 
( x at e page40 ,ibid4    ,sid5ote3     
,sa9t ,anselm    ,sa9t ,anselm's lett]s 
to bro!r monks are full ( expressions ( 
!  same ard5t affection4 ,montalemb]t   
gives sev]al examples3--      8,s\ls    
well-belov$ ( my s\l10 he wrote to two  
ne> relatives    :om he wi%$ to draw to 
,bec1 8my eyes ard5tly desire to behold 
y2 my arms exp& to embrace y2 my lips   
sigh = y\r kisses2    all ! life t      
rema9s to me is consum$ ) wait+ =    y4 
,i hope 9 pray+1 & ,i pray 9 hop+--come 

& ta/e h[    graci\s ! ,"l is--y _c     
fully "k x :ile y f9d    sweetness 9 !  
_w40    ,sid5ote3 ,to 8 ,fri5d ,lanfranc
      8#8,f> f ! eyes1 f> f ! he>t' say 
! vulg>4 ,believe    no?+ ( x2 if x 0 s1
 ! f>!r y 7 di/ant f    me ! cool] my   
love = y w\ld be2 :il/ on ! contr>y1    
! less ,i c enjoy y\r pres5ce1 ! m !    
desire ( t    pleasure burns 9 ! s\l (  
y\r fri5d40    ,sid5ote3 ,to ,gondulph  
8,to ,gondulf1 ,anselm----,i put no o!r 
or long] salutations at !    head ( my  
lett]1 because ,i c say no?+ m to him   
:om ,i    love4 ,all :o "k ,gondulph &  
,anselm "k well :at ?is means1    & h[  
mu* love is und]/ood 9 ^! two names40   
444 8,h[    c\ld ,i =get !e8 ,c a man   
=get "o :o is plac$ l a    seal ^u 8    
he>t8 ,9 ?y sil5ce ,i "k t ?\ love/ me2 
& ?\ also1 :5 ,i say no?+1 ?\ kn[e/ t ,i
 love !e4    ,n only h ,i no d\bt ( !e1 
b ,i answ] = !e t ?\    art sure ( me4  
,:at c my lett] tell !e t ?\ kn[e/    n 
already1 ?\ :o art my second s\l8 ,g    
into ! secret    place ( ?y he>t1 look  

!re at ?y love = me1 & ?\ %alt    see   
m9e = !e40 444 8,?\ knewe/ h[ mu* ,i    
love !e1 b    ,i knew x n4 ,he :o has   
sep>at$ u has alone in/ruct$ me    h[   
de> to me ?\ w]t4 ,no1 ,i knew n be=e ! 
exp]i5ce    ( ?y abs5ce h[ sweet x 0 to 
h !e1 h[ bitt] to h    !e n4 ,?\ ha/    
ano!r fri5d :om ?\ ha/ lov$ z mu*    or 
m ?an me to console !e1 b ,i h no long] 
!e6--!e6    !e6 ?\ und]/&e/8 & no?+ to  
replace !e4 ,^? :o    rejoice 9 !       
possession ( !e may p]haps be (f5d$ by  
:at    ,i say4 ,ah6 let !m cont5t       
!mselves ) _! joy1 & p]mit    me to weep
 = him :om ,i ev] love40    ,sid5ote3 ,!
 ,/ory ( ,amis & ,amile    ,! /ory (    
,amis & ,amile1 a m$ival leg5d1         
translat$ by ,william  ,morris 7z well z
 by ,walt] ,pat]7 f ! ,biblio!ca        
,elzeviriana1  is v qua9t & engag+ 9 its
 old-_w extravagance &                  
sup]naturalism3--      ,amis & ,amile 7 
devot$ fri5ds1 tw9s 9 resemblance &     
life4 ,on "o occasion1 hav+ /ray$ ap>t1 
!y ceas$ n to    seek ea* o!r = two :ole

 ye>s4 ,& :5 at la/ !y met    8!y light$
 d[n f _! horses1 & embrac$ & kiss$     
ea* o!r1 & gave ?anks to ,god t !y 7    
f\nd4 ,& !y    swore fealty & fri5d%ip &
 fell[%ip p]petual1 ! "o to    ! o!r1 on
 ! sword ( ,amile1 :]e9 7 relics40 ,!nce
    !y w5t toge!r to ! c\rt ( 8,*>les1  
k+ ( ,france40      ,"h soon aft]1 ,amis
 took ,amile's place 9 a t\rnam5t1 sav$ 
8 life f a traitor1 & won = him ! ,k+'s 
daught]    to wife4 ,b s x happ5$ t1 n  
long aft]1 he himself    0 /rick5 )     
leprosy & br\ght to ,amile's door4 ,&   
:5 ,amile & 8 royal bride knew :o x 0 !y
 7 sore    griev$1 & !y br\ght him 9 &  
plac$ him on a fair b$1    & put all t  
!y _h at 8 s]vice4 ,& x came to pass    
"o night 8:5as ,amis & ,amile lay 9 "o  
*amb] )\t o!r    company1 t ,god s5t to 
,amis ,raphael 8 angel1 :o said to      
him3 #8,sleepe/ ?\1 ,amis8' ,& he1 :o   
deem$ t ,amile _h    call$ to him1      
answ]$3 #8,i sleep n1 fair sweet fell[4'
 ,!n    ! angel said to him3 #8,?\ ha/  
answ]$ well1 = ?\ art !    fell[ ( !    

citiz5s ( heav51 & ?\ ha/ foll[$ aft]   
,job1 & ,?oby 9 pati5ce4 ,n[ ,i am      
,raphael1 an angel ( our    ,"l1 & am   
come to tell !e ( a m$ic9e = ?9e heal+1 
:]eas he ha? he>d ?y pray]s4 ,?\ %alt   
tell to ,amile ?y    fell[1 t he slay 8 
two *ildr5 & wa% !e 9 _!    blood1 &    
!nce ?\ %alt get ! heal+ ( ?y body4'0   
,amis 0 %ock$ :5 he he>d ^! words1 & at 
fir/ refus$    to tell ,amile2 b ! latt]
 _h also he>d ! angel's voice1    &     
press$ him to tell4 ,!n1 :5 he knew1 he 
too 0 sorely    griev$4 ,b at la/ he    
det]m9$ 9 8 m9d n ev5 to sp>e    8      
*ildr5 = ! sake ( 8 fri5d1 & go+        
secretly to    _! *amb] he slew !m1 &   
br++ "s ( _! blood    wa%$ ,amis--:o    
imm$iately 0 heal$4 ,he !n array$ ,amis 
9    8 be/ clo!s &1 aft] go+ to ! *ur*  
to give ?anks1    !y met ,amile's wife  
:o 7n kn[+ all7 rejoic$ greatly    too4 
,b ,amile1 go+ ap>t aga9 to ! *ildr5's  
*amb] to    weep ov] !m1 f\nd !m at play
 9 b$1 ) only a ?read (    crimson r\nd 
_! ?roats to m>k :at _h be5 done6       

,! two knights fell aft]w>ds & 7 kill$ 9
 ! same    battle2 8= ev5 z ,god _h jo9$
 !m toge!r by good accord    9 _!       
life-days1 s 9 _! dea? !y 7 n sund]$40  
,& a miracle 0 add$1 = ev5 :5 !y 7 buri$
 ap>t    f ea* o!r ! two c(f9s leapt    
toge!r 9 ! night &    7 f\nd side by    
side 9 ! morn+4    ,( ?is /ory ,mr4     
,jacobs1 9 8 introduction to ,william   
,morris'  translation1 says3 8,amis &   
,amile 7 ! ,david & ,jona?an1 !  ,ore/es
 & ,pylades1 ( ! m$ival _w40 ,!re 7 "s  
?irty o!r  v]sions ( ! leg5d 89 almo/   
all ! tongues ( ,we/]n & ,nor!rn        
,europe0--_! 8pe]less fri5d%ip0 hav+    
giv5 !m a place among !  m$ival sa9ts4  
7,see ,old ,fr5* ,romances trans4 by    
,william ,morris1  ,london1 #ahif47     
,sid5ote3 ,ea/]n ,poets    ,x may n be  
out ( place "h1 & be=e pass+ on to !    
times (  ! ,r5aissance & ,mod]n ,europe1
 to give "o or two extracts relat+  to  
,ea/]n c\ntries4 ,! hon\r paid to       
fri5d%ip 9 ,p]sia1 ,arabia1  ,syria &   
o!r ,ori5tal l&s has always be5 great1 &

 ! tradition  ( ?is atta*m5t !re %\ld be
 especially int]e/+ to u1 z  hav+ aris5 
indep5d5tly ( classic or ,*ri/ian       
ideals4 ,! poets (  ,p]sia1 ,saadi &    
,jalal-ud-d9 ,rumi 7#ac? c5t471 ,hafiz  
7#ad? c5t471  ,jami 7#ae? c5t471 & o!rs1
 h drawn mu* ( _! inspiration f  ?is    
s\rce2 b un=tunately = ^? :o _c read !  
orig9als1  _! "w has be5 scantily       
translat$1 & ! translations !mselves    
are n always v reliable4 ,! extraord9>y 
way 9 :i*1 foll[+  ! me?od ( ! ,sufis1 &
 ( ,plato1 !y id5tify ! mortal & !      
div9e love1 & see 9 _! belov$ an image  
or revelation ( ,god  himself1 makes _! 
poems difficult ( compreh5sion to !     
,we/]n  m9d4 ,apo/rophes to ,love1 ,w9e1
 & ,beauty (t51 ) !m1 be> a  frankly    
tw(old s5se1 mat]ial & spiritual4 ,to ^!
 poets ( !  mid-region ( ! e>?1 ! bitt] 
antagonism betwe5 matt] & _s1  :i* l an 
evil dream has haunt$ s long bo? !      
extreme ,we/]n &  ! extreme ,ea/]n m9d1 
sc>cely exi/s2 & ev5 ! body 8:i* is a   
portion ( ! du/-pit0 has become p]fect &

 div9e4    ,sid5ote3 ,jalal-ud-d9 ,rumi 
8,e =m y see has its ar*etype 9 !       
placeless _w4444    ,f ! mom5t y came   
into ! _w ( be+    ,a ladd] 0 plac$ be=e
 y t y might escape 7asc5d74    ,fir/ y 
7 m9]al1 lat] y turn$ to plant1    ,!n y
 became an animal3 h[ %\ld ?is be a     
secret to y8    ,aft]w>ds y 7 made man1 
) k1 reason1 fai?2    ,behold ! body1   
:i* is a portion ( ! du/-pit1 h[ p]fect 
x has        gr[n6    ,:5 y h travell$  
on f man1 y w d\btless become an angel2 
,aft] t y are done ) e>?3 y\r /ation is 
9 heav54    ,pass aga9 ev5 f angelhood3 
ent] t ocean1    ,t y\r drop may become 
a sea :i* is a hundr$ seas ( #8,oman4'0 
,f ! ,divani ,%amsi ,tabriz (           
,jalal-ud-d9                            
,rumi1 trans4 by ,r4 ,a4 ,ni*olson4     
8',tw]e bett] t ! _s :i* we>s n true    
love z a g>m5t    ,_h n be53 its be+ is 
b %ame4    ,be drunk5 9 love1 = love is 
all t exi/s4444    ,dismiss c>es & be   
utt]ly cle> ( he>t1    ,l ! face ( a    
mirror1 )\t image or picture4    ,:5 x  

becomes cle> ( images1 all images are   
conta9$ 9 x40                           
,ibid4      8,happy ! mom5t :5 we are   
seat$ 9 ! palace1 ?\ & ,i1    ,) two =ms
 & ) two figures1 b ) "o s\l1 ?\ & ,i40 
,ibid4      8,once a man came & knock$  
at ! door ( 8 fri5d4    ,8 fri5d said1  
#8,:o art ?\1 ,o fai?ful "o8'    ,he    
said1 #8',tis ,i4' ,he answ]$1 #8,!re is
 no admittance4    ,!re is no room = !  
raw at my well-cook$ fea/4    ,naught b 
fire ( sep>ation & abs5ce    ,c cook !  
raw "o & free him f hypocrisy6    ,s9ce 
?y self has n yet left !e1    ,?\ mu/ be
 burn$ 9 fi]y flames4'    ,! poor man   
w5t away1 & = "o :ole ye>    ,j\rney$   
burn+ ) grief = 8 fri5d's abs5ce4    ,8 
he>t burn$ till x 0 cook$2 !n he w5t    
aga9    ,& drew ne> to ! h\se ( 8 fri5d4
    ,he knock$ at ! door 9 fe> &        
trepidation    ,le/ "s c>eless ^w %\ld  
fall f 8 lips4    ,8 fri5d %\t$1 #8,:o  
is t at ! door8'    ,he answ]$1 #8',tis 
?\ :o art at ! door1 ,o belov$6'    ,!  
fri5d said1 #8,s9ce 'tis ,i1 let me come

 91    ,!re is n room = two ,i's 9 "o   
h\se4'0                       ,f !      
,masnavi ( ,jalal-ud-d9 ,rumi1          
trans1 by ,e4 ,h4 ,:9field4    ,sid5ote3
 ,hafiz & ,saadi    ,"s %ort quotations 
"h foll[+ are tak5 f ,fl[]s cull$ f     
,p]sian ,g>d5s 7,man*e/]1 #ahgb73       
8,ev]yone1 :e!r he be ab/emi\s or       
self-indulg5t is    se>*+ aft] ! ,fri5d4
 ,e place may be ! abode ( love1    :e!r
 x be a mosque or a synagogue4444 ,on ?y
 la/ day1 ?\gh    ! cup be 9 ?y h&1 ?\  
may'/ be borne away to ,p>adise    ev5 f
 ! corn] ( ! tav]n40 ,hafiz4      8,i h 
he>d a sweet ^w :i* 0 spok5 by ! old man
 (    ,canaan 7,jacob7--#8,no tongue c  
express :at means ! sep>ation    (      
fri5ds4'0 ,hafiz4      8,nei!r ( my own 
free w ca/ ,i myself into ! fire2 =    !
 *a9 ( affection 0 laid ^u my neck4 ,i 0
 /ill at a    di/ance :5 ! fire began to
 gl[1 nor is ?is ! mom5t    t x 0 light$
 up )9 me4 ,:o %all impute x to me z    
a fault1 t ,i am en*ant$ by my fri5d1 t 
,i am cont5t 9    ca/+ myself at 8      

feet80 ,saadi4    ,hahn 9 8 ,albanesis*e
 ,/udi51 already quot$ 7p4 #bj71 gives  
"s  ( ! v]ses ( ,ne9 or ,nesim ,bey1 a  
,turco-,albanian poet1 ( :i* !  foll[+  
is an example3--      8,:ate'er1 my     
fri5d1 or false or true1      ,! _w may 
tell !e1 give no e>1      ,= to sep>ate 
u1 de>1    ,! _w w say t "o is two4     
,:o %\ld seek to sep>ate u      ,may he 
nev] cease to weep4    ,! ra9 at times  
may cease2 b he      ,9 ,summ]'s w>m? or
 ,w9t]'s sleep      ,may he nev] cease  
to weep40    ,besides lit]ature !re is  
no d\bt a va/ am\nt ( mat]ial emb$d$  9 
! cu/oms & traditions ( ^! c\ntries &   
await+ adequate  recognition &          
int]pretation4 ,! foll[+ quotations may 
af=d "s  glimpses ( int]e/4    ,sid5ote3
 ,suleyman & ,ibrahim    ,suleyman !    
,magnific5t4--,! /ory ( ,suleyman's     
atta*m5t to 8 ,vezir  ,ibrahim is told z
 foll[s by ,/anley ,lane-,poole3--      
8,suleyman1 great z he 01 %>$ 8         
greatness ) a second    m9d1 to :i* 8   
reign ow$ mu* ( its brilliance4 ,! ,gr& 

,vezir ,ibrahim 0 ! c\nt]p>t ( ! ,gr&   
,mon>* ,suleyman4    ,he 0 ! son ( a    
sailor at ,p>ga1 & _h be5 captur$ by    
corsairs1 by :om he 0 sold to be ! slave
 ( a wid[ at    ,magnesia4 ,"h he pass$ 
into ! h&s ( ! "y pr9ce    ,suleyman1 !n
 ,gov]nor ( ,magnesia1 & soon 8         
extraord9>y    tal5ts & address br\ght  
him promotion4444 ,f be+ ,gr&           
,falcon] on ! accession ( ,suleyman1 he 
rose to be fir/    m9i/] & almo/        
co-,sultan 9 #aebc4      8,he 0 ! object
 ( ! ,sultan's t5d] reg>d3 an emp]or    
kn[s bett] ?an mo/ m5 h[ solit>y is life
 )\t    fri5d%ip & love1 & ,suleyman    
lov$ ?is man m ?an a    bro!r4 ,ibrahim 
0 n only a fri5d1 he 0 an ent]ta9+    & 
in/ructive companion4 ,he read ,p]sian1 
,greek & ,italian2    he knew h[ to op5 
unkn[n worlds to ! ,sultan's m9d1 &     
,suleyman drank 9 8 ,vezir's wisdom )   
assiduity4 ,!y liv$    toge!r3 _! meals 
7 %>$ 9 common2 ev5 _! b$s 7    9 ! same
 room4 ,! ,sultan gave 8 si/] 9 m>riage 
to !    sailor's son1 & ,ibrahim 0 at ! 

summit ( p[]40 ,turkey1    ,/ory (      
,nations s]ies1 p4 #agd4    ,sid5ote3   
,/ory ( a ,bagdad ,d]vi%    ,j4 ,s4     
,buck+ham1 9 8 ,travels 9 ,assyria1     
,m$ia & ,p]sia1 speak+  ( 8 guide :om he
 _h engag$ at ,bagdad1 & :o 0 suppos$ to
 h  left 8 he>t beh9d him 9 t city1     
says3--      8,amid/ all ?is ,i 0 at a  
loss to conceive h[ ! ,d]vi%    c\ld f9d
 mu* enjoym5t 9 ! exp$ition :ile labor+ 
"u ! /rong passion :i* ,i suppos$ he mu/
 !n be    feel+ = ! object ( 8          
affections at ,bagdad1 :om he _h        
quitt$ ) s mu* reluctance4 ,:at 0 my    
surprise h[ev] on    seek+ an           
explanation ( ?is seem+ inconsi/5cy1 to 
f9d    x 0 ! son1 & n ! daught]1 ( 8    
fri5d ,elias :o    held s p[]ful a hold 
on 8 he>t4 ,i %rank back f !            
confession z a man w\ld recoil f a s]p5t
 on :i* he _h    unexpect$ly trodd5 444 
b 9 answ] to enquiries naturally        
sugge/$ by ! subject he decl>$ he w\ld r
 suff] dea?    ?an d ! slighte/ h>m to s
 pure1 s innoc5t1 s heav5ly a           

creature z ?is4444      8,i took !      
greate/ pa9s to asc]ta9 by a sev]e &    
m9ute inve/igation1 h[ f> x might be    
possible to d\bt    ( ! purity ( !      
passion by :i* ?is ,affgan ,d]vi% 0     
possess$1 & :e!r x des]v$ to be class$ )
 t    describ$ z prevail+ among ! anci5t
 ,greeks2 & ! result    fully satisfi$  
me t bo? 7 ! same4 ,ismael 0 h[ev]      
surpris$ beyond measure :5 ,i assur$ him
 t su* a feel+    0 n kn[n at all among 
! peoples ( ,europe40 ,travels1    c41  
#bnd edition1 vol4 #a1 p4 #aei4         
,sid5ote3 ,ano!r ,/ory      8,! ,d]vi%  
add$ a /rik+ in/ance ( ! =ce ( ^!       
atta*m5ts1 & ! sympa?y :i* 0 felt 9 !   
sorr[s to    :i* !y l$1 by ! foll[+ fact
 f 8 own hi/ory4 ,!    place ( 8        
resid5ce1 & ( 8 usual lab\r1 0 ne> !    
bridge ( ! ,tigris1 at ! gate ( !       
,mosque ( ! ,vizi]4    ,:ile he sat "h1 
ab\t five or six ye>s s9ce1 surr\nd$ by 
sev]al ( 8 fri5ds :o came (t5 to enjoy 8
 conv]sation    & beguile ! t$ium ( 8   
"w1 he obs]v$1 pass+ among    ! cr[d1 a 

"y & beautiful ,turki% boy1 ^: eyes met 
81    z if by de/9y1 & !y rema9$ fix$ly 
gaz+ on ea* o!r    = "s "t4 ,! boy1 aft]
 #8blu%+ l ! fir/ hue ( a    summ]      
morn+1' pass$ on1 frequ5tly turn+ back  
to look on    ! p]son :o _h reg>d$ him s
 ard5tly4 ,! ,d]vi% felt    8 he>t      
#8revolve )9 him1' = su* 0 8 expression1
 &    a cold sweat came across 8 br[4   
,he hung 8 head ^u 8    grav+-tool 9    
dejection1 & excus$ himself to ^? ab\t  
him by say+ he felt sudd5ly ill4 ,%ortly
 aft]w>ds ! boy    return$1 & aft] walk+
 to & fro sev]al times1 draw+    ne>] & 
ne>]1 z if "u ! influ5ce ( "s attract+  
*>m1 he came up to 8 obs]v] & said1     
#8,is x really true1    !n1 t y love    
me8' #8,?is1' said ,ismael1 #80 a dagg] 
9 my    he>t2 ,i c\ld make no reply4' ,!
 fri5ds :o 7 ne> him1 &    n[ saw all   
expla9$1 ask$ him if !re _h be5 any     
previ\s    acqua9tance exi/+ betwe5 !m4 
,he assur$ !m t !y _h    nev] se5 ea*   
o!r be=e4 #8,!n1' !y repli$1 #8su* an   
ev5t mu/ be f ,god4'      8,! boy       

cont9u$ to rema9 = a :ile ) ?is p>ty1   
told    ) great frankness ! "n & rank ( 
8 p>5ts1 z well    z ! place ( 8        
resid5ce1 & promis$ to repeat 8 visit   
on ! foll[+ day4 ,he did ?is regul>ly = 
sev]al mon?s    9 succession1 sitt+ =   
h\rs by ! ,d]vi%1 & ei!r    s++ to him  
or ask+ him int]e/+ que/ions1 to beguile
    8 lab\rs1 until z ,ismael express$  
himself1 #8?\gh !y 7    /ill two bodies 
!y became "o s\l4' ,! y\? at l5g? fell  
sick1 & 0 conf9$ to 8 b$1 dur+ :i* "t 8 
lov]1    ,ismael1 discont9u$ entirely 8 
usual occupations & ab&on$    himself   
completely to ! c>e ( 8 belov$4 ,he     
wat*$ !    *anges ( 8 disease ) m ?an ! 
anxiety ( a p>5t1    & nev] quitt$ 8    
b$side1 night or day4 ,dea? at l5g?     
sep>at$ !m2 b ev5 :5 ! /roke came !     
,d]vi% c\ld    n be prevail$ on to quit 
! corpse4 ,he con/antly visit$ !        
grave t conta9$ ! rema9s ( all he held  
de> on e>?1    & plant+ myrtles & fl[]s 
!re aft] ! mann] ( !    ,ea/1 b$ew$ !m  
daily ) 8 te>s4 ,8 fri5ds sympa?is$     

p[]fully 9 8 di/ress1 :i* he said       
#8cont9u$ to fe$ 8    grief' until he   
p9$ away to absolute illness1 & 0 ne>   
foll[+ ! fate ( him :om he deplor$40    
,ibid1 p4 #afj4    ,sid5ote3            
,explanation      8,f all ?is1 add$ to  
_m o!r examples ( a simil> k9d1         
relat$ z happ5+ betwe5 p]sons :o _h (t5 
be5 po9t$    out to me 9 ,arabia &      
,p]sia1 ,i c\ld no long] d\bt !         
exi/5ce 9 ! ,ea/ ( an affection = male  
y\?s1 ( z pure    & honorable a k9d z t 
:i* is felt 9 ,europe = ^?    ( ! o!r   
sex 444 & x w\ld be z unju/ to suppose t
    ?is necess>ily impli$ impurity (    
desire z to cont5d t    no "o c\ld      
admire a lovely c\nt5ance & a beautiful 
=m 9    ! o!r sex1 & /ill be inspir$ )  
s5tim5ts ( ! mo/    pure & honorable    
nature t[>ds ! object ( 8 admiration40  
,ibid1 p4 #afc4      8,"o p[]ful reason 
:y ?is passion may exi/ 9 ! ,ea/1       
:ile x is q unkn[n 9 ! ,we/1 is probably
 ! seclusion    ( wom5 9 ! =m]1 & !     
fre$om ( access to !m 9 !    latt]4444  

,_h !y ! ,asiatics ! unre/ra9$ int]c\rse
    :i* we enjoy ) su* sup]ior be+s z ! 
virtu\s &    accompli%$ females ( our   
own c\ntry !y w\ld f9d no?+    9 nature 
s des]v+ ( _! love z ^!40 ,ibid1 p4     
#afe4          ,v4    ,! ,r5aissance &  
,mod]n ,times          ,! ,r5aissance & 
,mod]n ,times      ,sid5ote3 ,montaigne 
& ,/eph5 de la ,botie    ,) !           
,r5aissance1 & ! impetus x gave at t "t 
to ! /udy  ( ,greek & ,roman models1 !  
exclusive dom9ation ( ,*ri/ianity &  !  
,*ur* 0 brok54 ,a lit]ature ( fri5d%ip  
along classic l9es  began to spr+ up4   
,montaigne 7b4 #aecc7 0 saturat$ )      
classic  le>n+4 ,8 essays 7 d\btless    
l>gely =m$ ^u ! model (  ,plut>*4 ,8    
fri5d%ip ) ,/eph5 de la ,botie 0        
evid5tly ( a  romantic & absorb+ "*4 ,x 
is ref]r$ to 9 ! foll[+  passage by     
,william ,hazlitt2 & ! description ( x  
occupies a l>ge  "p ( ,montaigne's      
,essay on ,fri5d%ip4      8,! mo/       
important ev5t ( 8 c\nsellor's life at  
,bordeaux    0 ! fri5d%ip :i* he !re =m$

 ) ,/eph5 de la    ,botie1 an affection 
:i* makes a /reak ( light 9 mod]n       
biography almo/ z beautiful z t left u  
by ,"l ,brook &    ,sir ,philip ,sydney4
 ,our essayi/ & 8 fri5d e/eem$1 be=e    
!y saw1 ea* o!r4 ,la ,botie _h writt5 a 
little "w#h 9    :i* ,montaigne         
recognis$ s5tim5ts cong5ial ) 8 own1    
& :i* inde$ bespeak a s\l =m$ 9 ! m\ld (
 classic    times4 ,( ,montaigne1 la    
,botie _h also he>d acc\nts1 :i*    made
 him eag] to behold him1 & at l5g? !y   
met at a l>ge    ent]ta9m5t giv5 by "o (
 ! magi/rates ( ,bordeaux4 ,!y    saw & 
lov$1 & 7 !nce=w>d all 9 all to ea* o!r4
    ,! picture t ,montaigne 9 8 essays  
draws ( ?is fri5d%ip    is 9 ! highe/   
degree beautiful & t\*+2 nor does la    
,botie's idea ( :at is due to ?is sacr$ 
bond betwixt s\l    & s\l fall f> %ort (
 ! gr& p]ception :i* fill$ !    exalt$  
m9d ( 8 fri5d4444 ,montaigne m>ri$ at ! 
age (    #cc1 b1 z he in=ms u1 n ( 8 own
 wi% or *oice4 #8,might    ,i h _h my   
wi%1' says he1 #8,i w\ld n h m>ri$      

,wisdom    h]self if %e w\ld h _h me4'0 
,life ( ,montaigne1 by ,wm4    ,hazlitt4
    ,sid5ote3 ,montaigne on ,fri5d%ip   
,! foll[+ is f ,montaigne's ,essay1 bk4 
#a1 *4 xxvii3--      8,z to m>riage1    
besides t x is a cov5ant1 ! mak+    (   
:i* is only free1 b ! cont9uance 9 x =c$
 &    compell$1 hav+ ano!r dep5d5ce ?an 
t ( our own free    w1 & a b>ga9 moreov]
 commonly contract$ to o!r    ends1 !re 
happ5 a ?\s& intricacies 9 x to unravel1
    en\gh to break ! ?read1 & to div]t !
 curr5t1 ( a    lively affection3 :]eas 
fri5d%ip has no mann] ( bus9ess    or   
traffic ) any?+ b itself4444 ,= ! re/1  
:at    we commonly call fri5ds &        
fri5d%ips are no?+ b an    acqua9tance &
 connection1 contract$ ei!r by accid5t  
or    ^u "s design1 by means ( :i* !re  
happ5s "s little    int]c\rse betwixt   
our s\ls3 b1 9 ! fri5d%ip ,i speak    (1
 !y m+le & melt into "o piece1 ) s      
univ]sal a    mixture t !re is left no m
 sign ( ! seam by :i* !y    7 fir/      
conjo9$4 ,if any "o %\ld importune me to

 give a    reason :y ,i lov$ him ,/eph5 
de la ,botie ,i feel x c\ld no          
o!rwise be express$ ?an by mak+ answ]1  
#8,because x 0    he2 because x 0 ,i4'  
,!re is1 beyond :at ,i am able to say1  
,i "k n :at inexplicable & inevitable   
p[] t br\ght    on ?is union4 ,we s\ght 
"o ano!r long be=e we met1 &    f !     
*>act]s we he>d ( "o ano!r1 :i* wr\ght m
    ^u our affections ?an 9 reason m]e  
reports %\ld d1 &1    z ,i ?9k1 by "s   
secret appo9tm5t ( heav52 we embrac$    
ea* o!r 9 our names2 & at our fir/      
meet+1 :i* 0    accid5tally at a great  
city ent]ta9m5t1 we f\nd ourselves    s 
mutually pleas$ ) "o ano!r--we became at
 once mutually    s ende>$--t !nce=w>d  
no?+ 0 s ne> to u z "o    ano!r4444     
8,common fri5d%ips w admit ( division1  
"o may love !    beauty ( ?is1 ! good   
hum\r ( t p]son1 ! lib]ality    ( a     
?ird1 ! pat]nal affection ( a f\r?1 !   
frat]nal    love ( a fif?1 & s on4 ,b   
?is fri5d%ip t possesses    ! :ole s\l1 
& !re rules & sways ) an absolute       

sov]eignty1 c admit ( no rival4444 ,9   
good e>ne/1 if ,i    comp>e all ! re/ ( 
my life ) ! f\r ye>s ,i _h !    happ9ess
 to enjoy ! sweet society ( ?is excell5t
 man1 'tis    no?+ b smoke1 b an obscure
 & t$i\s night4 ,f ! day    t ,i lo/ him
 ,i h only l$ a sorr[ful & langui%+     
life2    & ! v pleasures t pres5t       
!mselves to me1 in/ead (    adm9i/]+    
any?+ ( consolation1 d\ble my affliction
 =    8 loss4 ,we 7 halves ?r\gh\t1 & to
 t degree t1    me?9ks1 by outliv+ him  
,i defraud him ( 8 "p40    ,sid5ote3    
,sidney1 ,greville & ,dy]    ,philip    
,sidney1 born #aeed1 0 rem>kable = 8    
/rong p]sonal  atta*m5ts4 ,*ief among 8 
allies 7 8 s*ool-mate & di/ant          
relative1 ,fulke ,greville 7born 9 !    
same ye> z himself71 & 8  college fri5d 
,edw>d ,dy] 7also ab\t 8 own age74 ,he  
wrote y\?ful  v]ses to bo? ( !m4 ,!     
foll[+1 accord+ to ! fa%ion ( !  age1   
are 9 ! =m ( an invocation to ! pa/oral 
god ,pan3--      8,only = my two loves' 
sake1    ,9 ^: love ,i pleasure take2   

,only two d me delight    ,) _!         
ev]-pleas+ sight2    ,( all m5 to !e    
reta9+    ,grant me ) ^! two rema9+40   
,sid5ote3 ,philip ,sidney & ,hub]t      
,languet    ,an int]e/+ fri5d%ip exi/$  
also betwe5 ,sidney & ! well-kn[n  ,fr5*
 ,prote/ant1 ,hub]t ,languet--_m ye>s 8 
s5ior--^:  conv]sation & correspond5ce  
help$ mu* 9 ! =mation ( ,sidney's  "*4  
,^! two _h %>$ toge!r ! p]ils ( !       
massacre (  ,s4 ,b>?olomew1 & _h bo?    
escap$ f ,france across ! ,rh9e to      
,g]many1 :]e !y liv$ 9 close intimacy at
 ,frank=t = a l5g? (  "t2 & aft] ?is a  
w>m fri5d%ip & /eady correspond5ce--v>i$
  by occasional meet+s--cont9u$ betwe5 !
 two until ,languet's dea?4  ,languet _h
 be5 ,pr(essor ( ,civil ,law at ,padua1 
& f #aeej =w>ds  0 recognis$ z "o ( !   
lead+ political ag5ts ( ! ,prote/ant    
,p[]s4      8,! eld] man imm$iately     
disc]n$ 9 ,sidney a y\? ( no    common  
quality1 & ! atta*m5t he conceiv$ = him 
sav\r$    ( romance4 ,we possess a long 
s]ies ( ,lat9 lett]s f    ,languet to 8 

fri5d1 :i* brea! ! t5d]e/ _s (          
affection1 m+l$ ) wise c\nsel & ev]     
wat*ful ?\ght    = ! "y man's high]     
int]e/s4444 ,!re mu/ h be5    some?+    
inexplicably attractive 9 8 ,sidney's   
p]son &    8 g5ius at ?is "t2 = ! tone (
 ,languet's correspond5ce    c only be  
mat*$ by t ( ,%akespe>e 9 ! sonnets     
writt5    = 8 unkn[n fri5d40 ,sir       
,philip ,sidney1 ,engli% ,m5 (          
,lett]s ,s]ies1 pp4 #bg1 #bh4    ,( ?is 
relation ,fox ,b\rne says3--      8,no  
love-oppress$ y\? c write ) m e>ne/     
passion &    m fond solicitude1 or c be 
tr\bl$ ) m frequ5t fe>s    & m causeless
 jeal\sies1 ?an ,languet1 at ?is "t #ee 
ye>s old1 %[s 9 8 lett]s to ,sidney1 n[ 
#ai40    ,sid5ote3 ,giordano ,bruno     
,x may be appropriate "h to introduce   
two or ?ree sonnets f ,mi*el  ,angelo   
7b4 #adge74 ,mi*el ,angelo1 "o ( !      
greate/1 p]haps !  greate/1 arti/ ( !   
,italian ,r5aissance1 0 deeply imbu$ ) !
  ,greek _s4 ,8 conception ( ,love 0    
close along ! l9e ( ,plato's4  ,= him ! 

body 0 ! symbol1 ! expression1 ! dwell+ 
place (  "s div9e beauty4 ,! body may be
 lov$1 b x %\ld only be lov$  z a       
symbol1 n = itself4 ,diotima 9 !        
,symposium _h said t  9 our mortal loves
 we fir/ come to recognise 7dimly7 !    
div9e =m (  beauty :i* is ,et]nal4      
,maximus ,tyrius 7,diss]t4 xxvi4 #h7    
comm5t+ on  ?is1 confirms x1 say+ t     
n[h]e else b 9 ! human =m1 8!  lovelie/ 
& mo/ intellig5t ( bodily creatures10   
does ! light (  div9e beauty %9e s cle>4
 ,mi*el ,angelo c>ri$ on ! conception1  
gave x noble expression1 & held to x    
firmly 9 ! mid/ ( a society  :i* 0      
c]ta9ly will+ en\gh to love ! body 7or  
try to love x7  m]ely = its own sake4 ,&
 ,giordano ,bruno 7b4 #aeej7 at a lat]  
date  wrote z foll[s3--      8,all !    
loves--if !y be h]oic & n purely animal1
 or :at    is call$ natural1 & slaves to
 g5]ation z in/rum5ts 9    "s way (     
nature--h = object ! div9ity1 & t5d     
t[>ds    div9e beauty1 :i* fir/ is      
communicat$ to1 & %9es 91    s\ls1 & f  

!m or r ?r\gh !m is communicat$ to      
bodies2 :5ce x is t well-ord]$ affection
 loves ! body    or corporeal beauty1   
insomu* z x is an indication ( beauty   
( _s40 ,gli ,eroici ,furori 7dial4 iii4 
#ac71 trans4 ,l4    ,williams4          
,sid5ote3 ,mi*el ,angelo's ,sonnets     
,! lab\rs ( ,von ,s*effl] & o!rs h n[   
pretty conclusively  e/abli%$ t !       
love-poems ( ,mi*el ,angelo 7 = ! mo/ "p
  writt5 to male fri5ds--?\gh ?is fact 0
 disguis$ by ! pi\s  frauds ( 8 nephew1 
:o edit$ !m 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,foll[+   
are ?ree ( 8 sonnets1 translat$ by ,j4  
,a4 ,symonds4 ,x w be se5  t ! la/ l9e (
 ! fir/ conta9s a play on ! "n ( 8      
fri5d3--      ,to ,tommaso de'          
,cavali]i3      ,a ,,*e ,,piu           
,,debb',,io4      8,:y %\ld ,i seek to  
ease int5se desire      ,) /ill m te>s &
 w9dy words ( grief1      ,:5 heav51 or 
late or soon1 s5ds no relief      ,to   
s\ls :om love ha? rob$ ar\nd ) fire4    
,:y ne$ my a*+ he>t to dea? aspire1     
,:5 all mu/ die8 ,nay dea? beyond belief

      ,unto ^! eyes w\ld be bo? sweet & 
brief1      ,s9ce 9 my sum ( woes all   
joys expire6      ,!re=e because ,i _c  
%un ! bl[      ,i r seek1 say :o mu/    
rule my brea/1      ,glid+ betwe5 h]    
gladness & h] woe8    ,if only *a9s &   
b&s c make me ble/1      ,no m>vel if   
alone & b>e ,i g      ,an armd ,knight's
 captive & slave confess$40      ,,non  
,,vid] ,,gli ,,oc*i ,,miei4      8,no   
mortal ?+ en?rall$ ^! long+ eyes        
,:5 p]fect peace 9 ?y fair face ,i f\nd2
      ,b f> )91 :]e all is holy gr\nd1  
,my s\l felt ,love1 h] comrade ( !      
skies3    ,= %e 0 born ) ,god 9         
,p>adise2      ,nor all ! %[s ( beauty  
%$ ar\nd      ,?is fair false _w h] w+s 
to e>? h b\nd2      ,unto ! ,love (     
,loves al(t %e flies4      ,nay1 ?+s t  
suff] dea? qu5* n ! fire      ,(        
dea?less spirits2 nor et]nity           
,s]ves sordid ,"t1 t )]s all ?+s r>e4   
,n love b lawless impulse is desire3    
,t slays ! s\l2 our love makes /ill m   
fair      ,our fri5ds on e>?1 fair] 9   

dea? on high40      ,,veggio ,,nel ,,tuo
 ,,bel ,,viso4      8,f ?y fair face ,i 
le>n1 ,o my lov$ "l1      ,t :i* no     
mortal tongue c rightly say2      ,! s\l
 imprison$ 9 h] h\se ( clay1      ,holp5
 by !e to ,god ha? (t5 so>$3    ,& ?o' !
 vulg>1 va91 malignant horde            
,attribute :at _! gross] wills obey1    
,yet %all ?is f]v5t homage t ,i pay1    
,?is love1 ?is fai?1 pure joys = u af=d4
    ,lo1 all ! lovely ?+s we f9d on e>?1
      ,resemble = ! s\l t rightly sees1 
,t s\rce ( bliss div9e :i* gave u bir?3 
,nor h we fir/ fruits or remembrances   
,( heav5 else:]e4 ,?us1 lov+ loyally1   
,i rise to ,god & make dea? sweet by    
!e40    ,sid5ote3 ,ri*>d ,b>nfield      
,ri*>d ,b>nfield1 "o ( ! ,elizabe?an    
s+]s 7b4 #aegd7 wrote a  long poem1     
d$icat$ to 8,! ,ladie ,p5elope ,ri*0 &  
entitl$ 8,!  ,affectionate ,%ephe>d10   
:i* he describes z 8an imitation (      
,virgil 9  ! #bnd ,eclogue1 ( ,alexis40 
,i quote ! fir/ two /anzas3--      ,i4  
8,sc>ce _h ! morn+ />re hid f ! light   

,heav5's crimson ,canopie ) />s         
bespangl$1    ,b ,i began to rue ?'     
unhappy sight    ,( t fair boy t _h my  
he>t intangl$2      ,curs+ ! ,"t1 !     
,place1 ! s5se1 ! s92      ,i came1 ,i  
saw1 ,i view'd1 ,i slippd 94      ,,ii4 
,if x be s9 to love a sweet-fac'd ,boy1 
7,^: amb] locks tru/ up 9 gold5 tramels 
,dangle ad[n 8 lovely *eekes ) joye     
,:5 pe>le & fl[]s 8 faire haire enamels7
      ,if x be s9 to love a lovely ,lad1
      ,oh !n s9ne ,i1 = :om my s\le is  
sad40    ,sid5ote3 ,b>nfield's ,sonnets 
,^! /anzas1 & ! foll[+ ?ree sonnets     
7also by ,b>nfield7 f a  s]ies address$ 
to a y\?1 give a fair sample ( a        
consid]able class  ( ,elizabe?an v]ses1 
9 :i* classic conceits 7 m+l$ ) a  c]ta9
 am\nt ( real feel+3--      ,,sonnet    
,,iv4      8,two />s !re are 9 "o fair  
firmam5t      7,( "s intitl$ ,ganym$e's 
sweet face7      ,:i* o!r />s 9         
brightness d disgrace1    ,z mu* z ,po 9
 cleanness passe? ,tr5t4    ,nor are !y 
common-natur'd />s2 = :y1      ,^! />s  

:5 o!r %9e vaile _! pure light1      ,& 
:5 all o!r vani% out ( sight    ,!y add 
a glory to ! _w's great eie3    ,by ^!  
two />s my life is only l$1      ,9 !m  
,i place my joy1 9 !m my pleasure1      
,love's pi]c+ d>ts & ,nature's preci\s  
treasure1    ,) _! sweet food my fa9t+  
s\l is f$3      ,!n :5 my sunne is abs5t
 f my sight      ,h[ c x *use 7) me7 b  
be d>ke night80      ,,sonnet ,,xviii4  
8,n ,megabetes1 nor ,cleonymus      7,( 
:om great ,plut>* makes su* m5tion1     
,prays+ _! faire ) r>e inv5tion71    ,z 
,ganym$e 7 halfe s beaute\s4    ,!y     
onely pleas$ ! eies ( two great k+s1    
,b all ! _w at my love /&s amaz$1       
,nor "o t on 8 angel's face ha? gaz$1   
,b 7ravi%t ) delight7 him pres5ts br+3  
,"s wean+ lambs1 & "s a suckl+ kyd1     
,"s nuts1 & fil-be>ds1 o!rs pe>es &     
plums2      ,ano!r ) a milk-:ite heyf>  
comes2    ,z lately gon's man 7,damtas7 
did2      ,b nei!r he nor all ! ,nymphs 
beside1      ,c w9 my ,ganym$e ) !m t'  
abide40      ,,sonnet ,,xix4      8,ah  

no2 nor ,i my selfe3 ?o' my pure love   
7,sweete ,ganym$e7 to !e ha? /ill be5   
pure1      ,& ev'n till my la/ gaspe    
%all aie endure1    ,c\ld ev] ?y        
obdurate beuty move3    ,!n cease1 oh   
goddesse sonne 7= sure ?\ art      ,a   
,goddesse sonne t c resi/ desire71      
,cease ?y h>d he>t1 & ent]ta9 love's    
fire    ,)9 ?y sacr$ brea/3 by ,nature's
 art4      ,& z ,i love !e m ?an any    
,creature      7,love !e1 because ?y    
beautie is div9e1      ,love !e1 because
 my selfe1 my s\le1 is ?9e3    ,:olie   
devot$ to ?y lovely feature71      ,ev5 
s ( all ! v[els1 ,i & ,u      ,are de>e/
 unto me1 z do? ensue40    ,sid5ote3    
,francis ,bacon on ,fri5d%ip    ,francis
 ,bacon's essay ,( fri5d%ip is kn[n to  
ev]ybody4  ,not)/&+ ! some:at cold &    
pragmatic /yle & g5ius ( !  au?or1 !    
subject seems to inspire him ) a c]ta9  
en?usiasm2 &  "s good ?+s are said4     
8,b we may g f>!r & affirm mo/ truly t x
 is a m]e    & mis]able solitude to want
 true fri5ds1 )\t :i*    ! _w is b a    

wild]ness2 & ev5 9 ?is sc5e also (      
solitude1 :osoev] 9 ! frame ( 8 nature &
 affections    is unfit = fri5d%ip1 he  
take? x ( ! bea/1 & n    f humanity4 ,a 
pr9cipal fruit ( fri5d%ip is ! ease &   
dis*>ge ( ! fulness ( ! he>t1 :i*       
passions ( all    k9ds d cause & induce4
 ,we "k diseases ( /opp+s &             
suffocations are ! mo/ dang]\s 9 ! body2
 & x is n    mu* o!rwise 9 ! m9d3 y may 
take s>za to op5 ! liv]1    /eel to op5 
! sple51 fl[] ( sulphur = ! lungs1      
ca/oreum = ! bra92 b no receipt op5e? ! 
he>t b a    true fri5d1 to :om y may    
imp>t griefs1 joys1 fe>s1 hopes1        
suspicions1 c\nsels1 & :atsoev] lie? ^u 
! he>t to    oppress x1 9 a k9d ( civil 
%rift or confession4444      8,c]ta9ly  
if a man w\ld give x a h>d phrase1 ^? t 
want fri5ds to op5 !mselves unto1 are   
cannibals ( _!    own he>ts2 b "o ?+ is 
mo/ admirable 7:]e) ,i w    conclude ?is
 fir/ fruit ( fri5d%ip7 :i* is1 t ?is   
communicat+ ( a man's self to 8 fri5d   
worke? two contr>y    effects1 = x      

r$\ble? joys1 & cutte? griefs 9 halfs2  
= !re is no man t imp>te? 8 joys to 8   
fri5d1 b    he joye? ! m1 & no man t    
imp>te? 8 griefs to 8    fri5d1 b he    
grieve? ! less40 ,essay #bg1 ,(         
fri5d%ip4    ,sid5ote3 ,%akespe>e's     
,sonnets    ,%akespe>e's sonnets h be5  
mu* discuss$1 & surprise & ev5  d\bt h  
be5 express$ z to _! hav+ be5 address$  
7! fir/  #abf ( !m7 to a man fri5d2 b no
 "o :o reads !m ) op5 m9d  c well d\bt  
?is conclusion2 nor be surpris$ at x1 :o
 kn[s  any?+ ( ,elizabe?an life &       
lit]ature4 8,7 x n = ! fact10  says ,f4 
,t4 ,furnivall1 8t _m critics really    
des]v+ ! "n (  ,%akespe>e /ud5ts1 & n   
,%akespe>e fools1 h held ! ,sonnets to  
be m]ely dramatic1 ,i c\ld n h conceiv$ 
t poems s int5sely  & evid5tly          
autobiographic & self-reveal+1 poems s  
"o ) !  _s & inn] mean+ ( ,%akespe>e's  
gr[? & life1 c\ld ev]  h be5 conceiv$ to
 be o!r ?an :at !y are--! records ( 8   
own  loves & fe>s40      ,,sonnet       
,,xviii4      8,%all ,i comp>e !e to a  

summ]'s day8    ,?\ art m lovely & m    
temp]ate3    ,r\gh w9ds d %ake ! d>l+   
buds ( ,may1    ,& summ]'s lease ha? all
 too %ort a date4    ,"s "t too hot !   
eye ( heav5 %9es1    ,& (t5 is 8 gold   
complexion dimm$2    ,& e fair f fair   
sometime decl9es1    ,by *ance1 or      
nature's *ang+ c\rse1 untrimm$2    ,b ?y
 et]nal summ] %all n fade1    ,nor lose 
possession ( t fair ?\ owe/2    ,nor    
%all dea? brag ?\ w&]'/ 9 8 %ade1    ,:5
 9 et]nal l9es to "t ?\ gr[e/4      ,s  
long z m5 c brea!1 or eyes c see1       
,s long lives ?is1 & ?is gives life to  
!e40      ,,sonnet ,,xx4      8,a       
woman's face1 ) ,nature's own h& pa9t$1 
,ha/ ?\1 ! ma/]-mi/ress ( my passion2   
,a woman's g5tle he>t1 b n acqua9t$     
,) %ift+ *ange1 z is false wom5's       
fa%ion2    ,an eye m bright ?an !irs1   
less false 9 roll+1    ,gild+ ! object  
:]eupon x gaze?2    ,a man 9 hue1 all   
hues 9 8 controll+1    ,:i* /eals m5's  
eyes1 & wom5's s\ls amaze?2    ,& = a   
woman w]t ?\ fir/ creat$2    ,till      

,nature1 z %e wr\ght !e1 fell a-dot+1   
,& by addition me ( !e defeat$1    ,by  
add+ "o ?+ to my purpose no?+4      ,b  
s9ce %e prick$ !e out = wom5's pleasure1
      ,m9e be ?y love1 & ?y love's use  
_! treasure40      ,,sonnet ,,civ4      
8,to me1 fair fri5d1 y nev] c be old1   
,= z y 7 :5 fir/ y\r eye ,i ey'd1       
,su* seems y\r beauty /ill4 ,?ree w9t]s 
cold    ,h f ! =e/ %ook ?ree summ]s'    
pride2    ,?ree beaute\s spr+s to yell[ 
autumn turn$    ,9 process ( ! seasons  
,i h se52    ,?ree ,april p]fumes 9 ?ree
 hot ,junes burn$1    ,s9ce fir/ ,i saw 
y fre%1 :i* yet are gre54      ,ah6 yet 
do? beauty1 l a dial h&1    ,/eal f 8   
figure1 & no pace p]ceiv$2    ,s y\r    
sweet hue1 :i* me?9ks /ill do? /&1      
,ha? motion1 & m9e eye may be deceiv$2  
,= fe> ( :i*1 he> ?is1 ?\ age unbr$1    
,ere y 7 born 0 beauty's summ] dead40   
,,sonnet ,,cviii4      8,:at's 9 ! bra9 
t ink may "*1    ,:i* ha? n figur'd to  
!e my true _s8    ,:at's new to speak1  
:at new to regi/]1    ,t may express my 

love1 or ?y de> m]it8    ,no?+1 sweet   
boy2 b yet1 l pray]s div9e1    ,i mu/   
ea* day say o'er ! v same1    ,c\nt+ no 
old ?+ old1 ?\ m9e1 ,i ?9e1    ,ev5 z :5
 fir/ ,i hall['d ?y fair "n4      ,s t  
et]nal love1 9 love's fre% case1        
,weighs n ! du/ & injury ( age2    ,nor 
gives to necess>y wr9kles place1    ,b  
makes antiquity = aye 8 page2      ,f9d+
 ! fir/ conceit ( love !re br$1         
,:]e "t & outw>d =m w\ld %[ x dead40    
,sid5ote3 ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice    ,t        
,%akespe>e1 :5 ! drama ne$$ x1 c\ld     
fully & w>mly ent]  into ! devotion :i* 
"o man may feel = ano!r1 z well z into  
! trag$y :i* su* devotion may entail1 is
 %[n 9 8 ,m]*ant  ( ,v5ice by ! figure (
 ,antonio1 ov] :om f ! fir/ l9e (  !    
play 78,9 soo? ,i "k n :y ,i am s sad07 
!re hangs a %ad[ (  de/9y4 ,! foll[+    
l9es are f ,act iv4 sc4 #a3--           
,antonio3 8,comm5d me to y\r honorable  
wife2    ,tell h] ! process ( ,antonio's
 end2    ,say h[ ,i lov$ y1 speak me    
fair 9 dea?2    ,& :5 ! tale is told1   

bid h] be judge1    ,:e!r ,bassanio _h n
 once a love4    ,rep5t n y t y %all    
lose y\r fri5d1    ,& he rep5ts n t he  
pays y\r debt2    ,=1 if ! ,jew d cut b 
deep en\gh1    ,i'll pay x in/antly )   
all my he>t4      ,bassanio3 ,antonio1  
,i am m>ri$ to a wife1    ,:o is z de>  
to me z life itself2    ,b life itself1 
my wife1 & all ! _w1    ,are n ) me     
e/eem'd above ?y life3    ,i w\ld lose  
all1 ay1 sacrifice !m all1    ,"h to ?is
 devil1 to deliv] y40    ,sid5ote3 ,h5ry
 ! ,fif?    ,we may also1 9 ?is         
connection1 quote 8 ,h5ry ! ,fif? 7act  
iv4  sc5e #f7 = ! dea?s ( ! ,duke (     
,york & ! ,e>l ( ,suffolk at  ! battle (
 ,ag9c\rt4 ,exet]1 address+ ,h5ry1      
says3--      8,suffolk fir/ di$2 &      
,york1 all haggl$ ov]1    ,comes to him1
 :]e 9 gore he lay in/eep'd1    ,& takes
 him by ! be>d1 kisses ! ga%es1    ,t   
bloodily did yawn ^u 8 face2    ,he     
cries al\d1--#8,t>ry1 de> c\s9 ,suffolk6
    ,my s\l %all ?9e keep company to    
heav53    ,t>ry1 sweet s\l1 = m9e2 !n   

fly abrea/1    ,z 9 ?is glori\s &       
well-f\ght5 field    ,we kept toge!r 9  
our *ivalry6'    ,^u ^! words ,i came & 
*e]$ him up3    ,he smil$ me 9 ! face1  
raught me 8 h&1    ,&1 ) a feeble gripe1
 says1 #8,de> my ,"l1    ,comm5d my     
s]vice to my sov]eign4'    ,s did he    
turn1 & ov] ,suffolk's neck    ,he ?rew 
8 w\nd$ arm1 & kiss$ 8 lips2    ,& s1   
esp\s$ to dea?1 ) blood he seal'd    ,a 
te/am5t ( noble-end+ love40    ,sid5ote3
 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne    ,%akespe>e1 ) 8  
g5]\s _m-sid$ nature 01 z ! ,sonnets    
seem to %[1 & z we %\ld expect1 capable 
( fri5d%ip1 passionate  fri5d%ip1 t[>ds 
bo? m5 & wom54 ,p]haps ?is m>ks ! highe/
  rea* ( temp]am5t4 ,t !re are cases 9  
:i* devotion to a  man-fri5d altoge!r   
replaces ! love ( ! opposite sex is     
curi\sly  %[n by ! foll[+ extract f ,sir
 ,?omas ,br[ne3--      8,i nev] yet ca/ 
a true affection on a woman2 b ,i h lov$
    my fri5d z ,i d virtue1 my s\l1 my  
,god4444 ,i love my fri5d    be=e       
myself1 & yet me?9ks ,i d n love him    

en\gh3 "s    few mon?s h5ce my multipli$
 affection w make me believe ,i    h n  
lov$ him at all4 ,:5 ,i am f him1 ,i am 
dead till ,i    be ) him2 :5 ,i am )    
him1 ,i am n satisfi$1 b w\ld    be /ill
 ne>] him4444 ,?is noble affection falls
 n on vulg>    & common con/itutions1 b 
on su* z are m>k$ = virtue3    he t c   
love 8 fri5d ) ?is noble ard\r1 w 9 a   
compet5t degree affect all40 ,sir ,?omas
 ,br[ne1 ,religio    ,m$ici1 #afdb4     
,sid5ote3 ,william ,p5n    ,william ,p5n
 7b4 #afdd7 ! f\nd] ( ,p5nsylvania1 & ( 
,philadelphia1  8,! city ( bro!rly love0
 0 a great believ] 9 fri5d%ip4 ,he says 
9 8 ,fruits ( ,solitude3--      8,a true
 fri5d unbosoms freely1 advises ju/ly1  
assi/s readily1    adv5tures boldly1    
takes all pati5tly1 def5ds c\rage\sly1 &
    cont9ues a fri5d un*angeably4444 ,9 
%ort1 *oose a fri5d z    ?\ do/ a wife1 
till dea? sep>ate y4444 ,dea? _c kill   
:at nev] dies4 ,nor c spirits ev] be    
divid$ t love &    live 9 ! same ,div9e 
,pr9ciple2 ! ,root & ,record ( _!       

fri5d%ip4444 ,?is is ! com=t ( fri5ds1 t
 ?\gh !y    may be said to die1 yet _!  
fri5d%ip & society are1 9 !    be/ s5se1
 ev] pres5t1 because immortal40         
,sid5ote3 ,william ( ,orange    ,x may  
be wor? :ile "h to ins]t two passages f 
,macaulay's ,hi/ory  ( ,engl&4 ,! fir/  
deals ) ! rem>kable intimacy betwe5 !   
,"y ,pr9ce ,william ( ,orange & 8a      
g5tleman ( 8 h\sehold0 nam$  ,b5t9ck4   
,william's escape f a malignant attack (
 small-pox      80 attribut$ p>tly to 8 
own s+ul> equanimity1 & p>tly    to !   
intrepid & indefatigable1 fri5d%ip (    
,b5t9ck4 ,f    ! h&s ( ,b5t9ck alone    
,william took food & m$ic9e--by         
,b5t9ck alone ,william 0 lift$ f 8 b$ & 
laid d[n    9 x4 #8,:e!r ,b5t9ck slept  
or n :ile ,i 0 ill1' said    ,william to
 ,temple ) great t5d]ness1 #8,i "k n4 ,b
 ?is ,i    "k1 t ?r\gh sixte5 days &    
nights1 ,i nev] once call$    = any?+ b 
t ,b5t9ck 0 in/antly at my side4' ,be=e 
! fai?ful s]vant _h entirely p]=m$ 8    
task1 he _h    himself caught !         

contagion40 7,b he recov]$47 ,hi/ory (  
,engl&1 *4 vii4    ,sid5ote3 ,pr9cess   
,anne & ,lady ,*ur*ill    ,! second     
passage describes ! devotion ( !        
,pr9cess ,anne 7daught]  ( ,james ,,ii4 
& aft]w>ds ,que5 ,anne7 to ,lady        
,*ur*ill--a devotion  :i* _h consid]able
 influ5ce on ! political situation4     
8,x is a common obs]vation t diff]5ces (
 ta/e1    und]/&+1 & disposition are no 
imp$im5ts to fri5d%ip1    & t ! close/  
intimacies (t5 exi/ betwe5 m9ds1 ea*    
( :i* supplies :at is want+ 9 ! o!r4    
,lady ,*ur*ill    0 lov$ & ev5 wor%ipp$ 
by ,anne4 ,! pr9cess c\ld n    live ap>t
 f ! object ( h] romantic fondness4 ,%e 
m>ri$1    & 0 a fai?ful & ev5 an        
affectionate wife2 b ,pr9ce    ,george1 
a dull man1 ^: *ief pleasures 7 d]iv$ f 
8    d9n] & 8 bottle1 acquir$ ov] h] no 
influ5ce comp>able    to t ex]cis$ by h]
 female fri5d1 & soon gave himself    up
 ) /upid pati5ce to ! dom9ion ( t       
vehem5t &    comm&+ _s by :i* 8 wife 0  
gov]n$40 ,hi/ory (    ,engl&1 *4 vii4   

,sid5ote3 ,ar*bi%op ,pott]    ,t !      
tradition ( ,greek ?\ght 0 n q oblit]at$
 9 ,engl&  by ! ,puritan movem5t is %[n 
by ! writ+s ( ,ar*bi%op ,pott]1  :o     
speaks ) approval ( fri5d%ip z foll[$   
among ! ,greeks1 8n  only 9 private1 b  
by ! public all[ance & enc\ragem5t ( _! 
laws2 = !y ?\ght !re c\ld be no means m 
effectual to excite  _! y\? to noble    
und]tak+s1 nor any great] security to _!
  commonweal?s1 ?an ?is g5]\s passion40 
,he !n quotes ,a!nu1  say+ t 8free      
commonweal?s & all ^? /ates t consult$  
! advancem5t ( _! own hon\r1 seem to h  
be5 unanim\s  9 e/abli%+ laws to        
enc\rage & rew>d x40 ,john ,pott]1      
,antiquities ( ,greece1 #afih4          
,sid5ote3 ,w9ckelmann's ,lett]s    ,!   
#ah? c5tury h[ev] 9 ,engl&1 ) its lean+ 
t[>ds =malism1  0 p]haps n favorable to 
! und]/&+ ( ! ,greek _s4  ,at any rate  
!re is n mu* to %[ 9 t direction4 ,9    
,g]many  ! classical tradition 9 art 0  
reviv$ by ,raphael ,m5gs1 :ile          
,w9ckelmann1 ! art critic1 %[$ himself  

"o ( ! be/ int]pret]s  ( ! ,hell5ic _w t
 has ev] liv$4 ,8 lett]s too1 to 8      
p]sonal fri5ds1 brea! a _s ( ! t5d]e/ & 
mo/ passionate  devotion3 8,fri5d%ip10  
he says1 8)\t love is m]e               
acqua9tance%ip40  ,w9ckelmann met1 9    
#agfb1 9 ,rome1 a "y nobleman1 ,re9hold 
von ,b]g1  to :om he became deeply      
atta*$3--      8,almo/ at fir/ sight !re
 sprang up1 on ,w9ckelmann's side1    an
 atta*m5t z romantic1 emotional &       
passionate z love4    ,9 a lett] to 8   
fri5d he said1 #8,f ! fir/ mom5t an     
indescribable attraction t[>ds y1 excit$
 by some?+ m    ?an =m & feature1 caus$ 
me to cat* an e*o ( t h>mony    :i*     
passes human und]/&+ & :i* is ! music ( 
!    ev]la/+ concord ( ?+s4444 ,i 0 aw>e
 ( ! deep cons5t    ( our spirits1 !    
in/ant ,i saw y4' ,& 9 a lat] lett]3    
#8,no "n by :i* ,i might call y w\ld be 
sweet en\gh or    suffici5t = my love2  
all t ,i c\ld say w\ld be f> too        
feeble to give utt]ance to my he>t &    
s\l4 ,truly fri5d%ip    came f heav5 & 0

 n creat$ by m]e human impulses4444     
,my "o fri5d1 ,i love y m ?an any liv+  
?+1 & "t    nor *ance nor age c ev]     
less5 ?is love40 ,ludwig ,frey1    ,d]  
,eros und die ,kun/1 ,leipzig1 #ahih1 p4
 #baa4    ,sid5ote3 ,goe! on ,w9ckelmann
    ,goe!1 t univ]sal g5ius1 has "s     
excell5t ?\ghts on ?is  subject2 speak+ 
( ,w9ckelmann he says3--      8,!       
aff9ities ( human be+s 9 ,antiquity give
 evid5ce (    an important di/9ction    
betwe5 anci5t & mod]n times4 ,!         
relation to wom51 :i* among u has become
 s t5d] & full    ( mean+1 h>dly aspir$ 
9 ^? days beyond ! limits (    vulg>    
necessity4 ,! relation ( p>5ts to _!    
*ildr5 seems    9 "s respects to h be5  
t5d]]4 ,m to !m ?an all    o!r feel+s 0 
! fri5d%ip betwe5 p]sons ( ! male    sex
 7?\gh female fri5ds too1 l ,*loris &   
,?yia1 7    insep>able1 ev5 9 ,hades74  
,9 ^! cases ( union betwe5 two    y\?s1 
! passionate fulfilm5t ( lov+ duties1 ! 
joys (    insep>abl5ess1 ! devotion ( "o
 = ! o!r1 ! unavoid$    companion%ip 9  

dea?1 fill u ) a/oni%m5t2 inde$ "o      
feels oneself a%am$ :5 poets1 hi/orians1
 philosoph]s &    orators ov]:elm u )   
leg5ds1 anecdotes1 s5tim5ts &    ideas1 
conta9+ su* mean+ & feel+4 ,w9ckelmann  
felt    himself born = a fri5d%ip ( ?is 
k9d--n only z capable    ( x1 b 9 !     
highe/ degree 9 ne$ ( x2 he became      
consci\s ( 8 true self only "u ! =m (   
fri5d%ip40    ,goe! on ,w9ckelmann4     
,sid5ote3 ,poem by ,goe!    ,"s (       
,goe!'s poems fur!r illu/rate ?is       
subject4 ,9 ! ,saki ,nameh  ( 8         
,we/-,oe/li*5 ,divan he has foll[$ !    
/yle ( a c]ta9 class  ( ,p]sian         
love-songs4 ,! foll[+ poem is f a       
,cupbe>] to 8  ,ma/]3--      8,9 !      
m>ket-place appe>+      ,none ?y        
,poet-fame dispute2    ,i too gladly he>
 ?y s++1      ,i too he>k5 :5 ?\'rt     
mute4      ,yet ,i love !e1 :5 ?\ pr9te/
      ,kisses n to be =got1    ,be/ (   
all1 = words may p]i%1      ,b a kiss   
lives on 9 ?\ght4      ,rhymes on rhymes
 fair mean+ c>ry1      ,?\ghts to ?9k   

br+ deep] joy2    ,s+ to o!r folk1 b    
t>ry      ,sil5t ) ?y s]v+-boy40        
,sid5ote3 ,augu/ von ,plat5    ,c\nt    
,augu/ von ,plat5 7born at ,ansba* 9    
,bav>ia1 #agif7 0 9 respect  ( /yle "o (
 ! mo/ f9i%$ & p]fect ( ,g]man poets4 ,8
 nature  7:i* 0 ref9$ & self-controll$7 
l$ him f ! fir/ to =m  ! mo/ romantic   
atta*m5ts ) m54 ,he freely & op5ly      
express$  8 feel+s 9 8 v]ses2 ( :i* a   
great numb] are practically  love-poems 
address$ to 8 fri5ds4 ,!y include a     
s]ies ( tw5ty-six  sonnets to "o ( 8    
fri5ds1 ,k>l ,!odor ,g]man4 ,( ^!       
,raffalovi*  says 7,uranisme1 ,lyons1   
#ahif1 p4 #cea73--      8,^! sonnets to 
,k>l ,!odor ,g]man are among ! mo/      
beautiful 9 ,g]man lit]ature4 ,plat5 9 !
 sonnet surpasses    all ! ,g]man poets1
 includ+ ev5 ,goe!4 ,9 !m p]fection    (
 =m1 & poignancy or weal? ( emotion are 
illu/rat$ to    p]fection4 ,! s5tim5t is
 simil> to t ( ! sonnets (    ,%akespe>e
 7) _! p]sonal note71 & ! =m t ( !      
,italian or ,fr5* sonnet40    ,sid5ote3 

,plat5's ,sonnets    ,plat51 h[ev]1 0   
un=tunate 9 8 affairs ( ! he>t1 & !re   
is a refra9 ( suff]+ 9 8 poems :i* comes
 out *>act]i/ically  9 ! foll[+         
sonnet3--      8,s9ce pa9 is life & life
 is only pa91      ,:y he c feel :at ,i 
h felt be=e1      ,:o see+ joy sees x   
aga9 no m    ,! in/ant he attempts 8 joy
 to ga92    ,:o1 caught z 9 a labyr9?   
unaw>e1      ,! outlet f x nev] m c f9d2
      ,:om love seems only = ?is end to 
b9d--    ,9 ord] to h& ov] to ,despair2 
,:o prays ea* dizzy lightn+-fla% to end 
him1      ,ea* /> to reel 8 ?read ( life
 away    ,) all ! torm5ts :i* 8 he>t are
 r5d+2      ,& envies ev5 ! dead _!     
pill[ ( clay1    ,:]e ,love no m _!     
fooli% bra9s c /eal4    ,he :o kn[s ?is1
 kn[s me1 & :at ,i feel40    ,sid5ote3  
,on ! ,dea? ( ,p9d>    ,"o ( ,plat5's   
sonnets deals ) an incid5t1 ref]r$ to 9 
an e>li]  page1 namely1 ! dea? ( ! poet 
,p9d> 9 ! !atre1 9 ! arms  ( 8 "y fri5d 
,!ox5os3--      8,oh6 :5 ,i die1 w\ld ,i
 might fade away      ,l ! pale />s1    

swiftly & sil5tly1      ,w\ld t dea?'s  
mess5g] might come to me1    ,z once x  
came to ,p9d>--s !y say4    ,n t ,i w\ld
 9 ,life1 or 9 my ,v]se1      ,) him1 ! 
great ,incomp>able1 comp>e2      ,only 8
 ,dea?1 my fri5d1 ,i ask to %>e3    ,b  
let me n[ ! graci\s tale rehe>se4       
,long at ! play1 he>+ sweet ,h>mony1    
,he sat2 & we>i$ out at la/1 _h la9     
,8 *eek ^u 8 de> "o's comely knee2      
,!n :5 x di$ away--! *oral /ra9--    ,he
 :o ?us cu%ion$ him said3 ,wake & come6 
,b to ! ,gods above he _h gone home40   
,sid5ote3 ,wagn] & ,ludwig ,,ii4    ,!  
correspond5ce ( ,ri*>d ,wagn] discloses 
! exi/5ce ( a v  w>m fri5d%ip betwe5 him
 & ,ludwig ,,ii41 ! "y k+ ( ,bav>ia4    
,ludwig z a "y man appe>s to h be5 a v  
*>m+ p]sonality1  good look+1 engag+ &  
sympa!tic2 ev]yone 0 fond ( him4  ,yet 8
 ta/es l$ him away f 8society10 into    
retirem5t1 & !  companion%ip ( ,nature &
 a few *os5 fri5ds--(t5 ( humble bir?4  
,already at ! age ( fifte5 he _h he>d   
,loh5gr91 & sil5tly  v[$ to "k !        

compos]4 ,"o ( 8 fir/ acts :5 he came to
 !  ?rone 0 to s5d = ,wagn]2 & f ! mom5t
 ( _! meet+ a  p]sonal intimacy sprang  
up betwe5 !m1 :i* 9 due c\rse l$ to  !  
e/abli%m5t ( ! !atre at ,bayreu?1 & to !
 lib]ation (  ,wagn]'s g5ius to ! _w4   
,?\gh ! "y k+ at a lat] "t lo/  8       
reason--probably ow+ to 8 ov]-s5sitive  
emotional nature--?is  does n detract f 
! s]vice t he r5d]$ to ,music by 8      
g5]\s atta*m5t4 ,h[ ,wagn] view$ ! matt]
 may be ga!r$ f  ,wagn]'s lett]s4       
8,he1 ! k+1 loves me1 & ) ! deep feel+ &
 gl[    ( a fir/ love2 he p]ceives &    
kn[s ev]y?+ ab\t me1    & und]/&s me z  
my own s\l4 ,he wants me to /ay )    him
 always4444 ,i am to be free & my own   
ma/]1 n 8    music-conductor--only my v 
self & 8 fri5d40 ,lett]s to    ,mme4    
,eliza ,wille1 #d? ,may1 #ahfd4      8,x
 is true t ,i h my "y k+ :o g5u9ely     
adores me4    ,y _c =m an idea ( our    
relations4 ,i recall "o ( !    dreams ( 
my y\?4 ,i once dream$ t ,%akespe>e 0   
alive3    t ,i really saw & spoke to    

him3 ,i c nev] =get !    impression t   
dream made on me4 ,!n ,i w\ld h wi%$ to 
see    ,bee?ov51 ?\gh he 0 already dead4
 ,some?+ ( ! same k9d    mu/ pass 9 !   
m9d ( ?is lovable man :5 ) me4 ,he says 
he c h>dly believe t he really possesses
 me4 ,none c read    )\t a/oni%m5t1 )\t 
en*antm5t1 ! lett]s he writes    to me40
 ,ibid1 #i? ,sept41 #ahfd4      8,i hope
 n[ = a long p]iod to ga9 /r5g? aga9 by 
quiet    "w4 ,?is is made possible = me 
by ! love ( an unimag9ably    beautiful 
& ?\ghtful be+3 x seems t x _h to    be 
ev5 s greatly gift$ a man & "o s de/9$ =
 me1    z ?is "y ,k+ ( ,bav>ia4 ,:at he 
is to me no "o c    imag9e4 ,my gu>dian6
 ,9 8 love ,i completely re/ & =tify    
myself t[>ds ! completion ( my task40   
,lett] to 8    bro!r-9-law1 #aj? ,sept41
 #ahfe4    ,= lett]s f ,ludwig to ,wagn]
 see ,additions1 infra p4 #ahc4         
,sid5ote3 ,wagn] on ,greek ,comrade%ip  
,9 ^! lett]s we see *iefly ( c\rse !    
passionate s5tim5ts  ( :i* ,ludwig 0    
capable2 b t ,wagn] fully und]/ood !    

feel+ & appreciat$ x may be ga!r$ f     
v>i\s passages 9 8  publi%$ writ+s--su* 
z ! foll[+1 9 :i* he seeks to %[ h[  !  
devotion ( comrade%ip became ! *ief     
=mative influ5ce ( !  ,sp>tan ,/ate3--  
8,?is beaute\s nak$ man is ! k]nel ( all
 ,sp>tanhood2 f    g5u9e delight 9 !    
beauty ( ! mo/ p]fect human body--t    (
 ! male--arose t _s ( comrade%ip :i*    
p]vades &    %apes ! :ole economy ( !   
,sp>tan ,/ate4 ,?is love ( man    to    
man1 9 its primitive purity1 proclaims  
itself z ! noble/    & lea/ selfi%      
utt]ance ( man's s5se ( beauty1 = x     
tea*es man to s9k & m]ge 8 entire self 9
 ! object (    8 affection20 &          
aga93--8,! high] elem5t ( t love (      
man to man consi/$ ev5 9 ?is3 t x       
exclud$ ! motive (    egoi/ic           
physicalism4 ,nev]!less x n only includ$
 a purely    spiritual bond ( fri5d%ip1 
b ?is spiritual fri5d%ip    0 ! blossom 
& ! cr[n ( ! physical fri5d%ip4 ,!      
latt] sprang directly f delight 9 !     
beauty1 aye 9 !    mat]ial bodily beauty

 ( ! belov$ comrade2 yet ?is delight    
0 no egoi/ic ye>n+1 b a ?or\gh /epp+ out
 ( self    into unres]v$ sympa?y ) !    
comrade's joy 9 himself2    involunt>ily
 betray$ by 8 life-glad beauty-prompt$  
be>+4    ,?is love1 :i* _h its basis 9 !
 noble/ pleasures (    bo? eye & s\l--n 
l our mod]n po/al correspond5ce (       
sob] fri5d%ip1 half bus9ess-l1 half     
s5tim5tal--0 !    ,sp>tan's only        
tutoress ( y\?1 ! nev]-age+ in/ructress 
alike ( boy & man1 ! orda9] ( common    
fea/s & valiant    ent]prises2 nay !    
inspir+ helpmeet on ! battlefield4 ,=   
?is x 0 t knit ! fell[%ip ( love into   
battalions    ( w>1 & =e-wrote ! tactics
 ( dea?-d>+1 9 rescue    ( ! imp]ill$ or
 v5geance = ! slaught]$ comrade1 by    !
 infrangible law ( ! s\l's mo/ natural  
necessity40 ,!    ,art-"w ( ! ,future1  
trans4 by ,w4 ,a4 ,ellis4    ,sid5ote3  
,k4 ,h4 ,ulri*s    ,we may close ?is    
record ( celebrat$ ,g]mans ) ! "n ( ,k4 
,h4  ,ulri*s1 a ,hanov]ian by bir? :o   
occupi$ = a long "t an (ficial  position

 9 ! rev5ue dep>tm5t at ,vi5na1 & :o    
became well kn[n  ab\t #ahff ?r\gh 8    
writ+s on ! subject ( fri5d%ip4 ,he     
gives1  9 8 pamphlet ,memnon1 an acc\nt 
( ! 8/ory ( 8 he>t0 9 e>ly  ye>s4 ,9 an 
app>5tly q natural way1 & indep5d5tly ( 
out]  influ5ces1 8 ?\ghts _h f ! v fir/ 
be5 ( fri5ds ( 8  own sex4 ,at ! age (  
#ad1 ! picture ( a ,greek h]o or god1 a 
/atue1  se5 9 a book1 woke 9 him !      
t5d]e/ long+s4      8,?is picture 7he   
says71 put away f me1 z x 01 a hundr$   
times1 came aga9 a hundr$ times be=e !  
eyes ( my s\l4    ,b ( c\rse = ! orig9 (
 my special temp]am5t x is 9    no way  
responsible4 ,x only woke up :at 0      
already slumb]+    !re--a ?+ :i* might h
 be5 done equally well by    some?+     
else40    ,f t "t =w>d ! boy wor%ipp$ ) 
a k9d ( romantic  devotion eld] fri5ds1 
"y m5 9 ! prime ( e>ly manhood2  & lat] 
/ill 8 writ+s ?rew a flood ( light on ! 
8urn+0  temp]am5t--z he call$ x--( :i*  
he 0 himself s m>k$ an example4         
,sid5ote3 ,ulri*s' ,v]ses    ,"s (      

,ulri*s' v]ses are scatt]$ among 8 prose
 writ+s3--      ,to 8 fri5d ,eb]h>d4    
8,& s f>ewell6 p]*ance on ,e>?          
,god's f+]--z 'twixt !e & me--    ,w    
nev] make t wond] cle>      ,:y ?us ,x  
drew me unto !e40         ,memnon1      
,leipzig1 #ahih1 p4 #ajd4    ,& ?is3--  
8,x 0 ! day ( our fir/ meet+--      ,t  
happy day1 9 ,dav]n's grove--    ,i felt
 ! ,spr+ w9d's t5d] greet+1      ,&     
,april t\*$ my he>t to love4    ,?y h& 9
 m9e lay k9dly mat$2    ,?y gaze held   
m9e q fasc9at$--      ,s graci\s wa/1 & 
fair6    ,?y glance my life-?read almo/ 
sev]$2    ,my he>t = joy & gladness     
quiv]$1      ,nigh m ?an x c\ld be>4    
,!re 9 ! grove at ev5+'s h\r      ,!    
breeze ?ro' budd+ twigs ha? rang$1    ,&
 lips h le>n$ to meet ea* o!r1      ,&  
kisses mute ex*ang$40                   
,memnon1 p4 #bc4    ,sid5ote3 ,byron's  
,lett]s    ,to return to ,engl&4 ,) !   
beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury we f9d two  great
 poets1 ,byron & ,%elley1 bo? int]e/$ 9 
& ev5 writ+ 9 a  romantic /ra9 on !     

subject 9 "q4    ,byron's atta*m5t1 :5  
at ,cambridge1 to ,eddle/on ! *ori/]1 a 
y\? two ye>s y\ng] ?an himself1 is well 
kn[n4 ,9 a y\?ful lett]  to ,miss ,pigot
 he1 ,byron1 speaks ( x 9 en?usia/ic    
t]ms3                                   
8,tr94 ,coll41 ,camb41 ,july #e?1 #ahjg4
      8,i rejoice to he> y are int]e/$ 9
 my protg2 he has    be5 my almo/       
con/ant associate s9ce ,octob]1 #ahje1  
:5    ,i ent]$ ,tr9ity ,college4 ,8     
voice fir/ attract$ my    att5tion1 8   
c\nt5ance fix$ x1 & 8 mann]s atta*$     
me to him = ev]4 ,he dep>ts = a         
m]cantile h\se 9 t[n 9    ,octob]1 & we 
%all probably n meet till ! expiration (
 my    m9ority1 :5 ,i %all leave to 8   
decision ei!r ent]+ z    a p>tn] ?r\gh  
my int]e/ or resid+ ) me altoge!r4 ,(   
c\rse he w\ld 9 8 pres5t frame ( m9d    
pref] ! latt]1    b he may alt] 8 op9ion
 previ\s to t p]iod2 h[ev] he    %all h 
8 *oice4 ,i c]ta9ly love him m ?an any  
human    be+1 & nei!r "t nor di/ance h  
_h ! lea/ effect    on my 79 g5]al7     

*angeable disposition4 ,9 %ort we %all  
put ,lady ,e4 ,butl] & ,miss ,ponsonby  
to ! blu%1 ,pylades &    ,ore/es out (  
c\nt5ance1 & want no?+ b a cata/rophe   
l ,nisus & ,euryalus to give ,jona?an & 
,david ! #8g by4'    ,he c]ta9ly is m   
atta*$ to me ?an ev5 ,i am 9 return4    
,dur+ ! :ole ( my resid5ce at ,cambridge
 we met e day1    summ] & w9t]1 )\t     
pass+ "o tiresome mom5t1 &    sep>at$   
ea* "t ) increas+ reluctance40          
,sid5ote3 ,! ,adieu    ,eddle/on gave   
,byron a cornelian 7broo*-p97 :i* ,byron
 priz$ mu*1  & is said to h kept all 8  
life4 ,he probably ref]s to x1 & to  !  
inequality ( condition betwe5 him &     
,eddle/on1 9 ! foll[+  /anza f 8 poem1  
,! ,adieu1 writt5 ab\t ?is "t3--        
8,& ?\1 my fri5d1 ^: g5tle love         
,yet ?rills my bosom's *ords1    ,h[ mu*
 ?y fri5d%ip 0 above      ,description's
 p[] ( words6    ,/ill ne> my brea/ ?y  
gift ,i we>    ,:i* sp>kl$ once )       
,feel+'s te>1      ,( ,love1 ! pure1 !  
sacr$ gem2    ,our s\ls 7 equal1 & our  

lot    ,9 t de> mom5t q =got2      ,let 
pride alone condemn40    ,! ,lady       
,eleanor ,butl] & ,miss ,s>ah ,ponsonby 
m5tion$ 9 ! above  lett] 7 at t "t liv+ 
at ,llangoll51 9 ,wales1 & 7 kn[n  z !  
8,ladies ( ,llangoll510 _! romantic     
atta*m5t to ea* o!r  hav+ already become
 prov]bial4 ,:5 ,miss ,ponsonby 0       
sev5te51 &  ,lady ,e4 ,butl] "s tw5ty   
ye>s old]1 !y _h run away f _!          
respective & respectable homes 9 ,irel&1
 & tak+ a cottage at  ,llangoll5 liv$   
!re1 insep>able companions1 = ! re/ ( _!
  lives4 ,lett]s & di>ies ( contempor>y 
celebrities m5tion _!  romantic         
devotion4 7,! ,duke ( ,well+ton 0 among 
_! visitors47  ,lady ,eleanor di$ 9     
#ahbi1 at ! age ( n9ety2 & ,miss        
,ponsonby only  surviv$ h] 8belov$ "o0  
7z %e always call$ h]7 by two ye>s4     
,sid5ote3 ,byron's ,nisus & ,euryalus   
,z to ! allusion to ,nisus & ,euryalus1 
,byron's p>aphrase ( !  episode 7f ! #i?
 book ( ,virgil's neid7 s]ves to %[ 8   
int]e/  9 x3--      8,nisus1 ! gu>dian (

 ! portal1 /ood1    ,eag] to gild 8 arms
 ) ho/ile blood2    ,well-skill$ 9 fight
 ! quiv]+ lance to wield1    ,or p\r 8  
arr[s ?ro' ! embattl$ field3    ,f ,ida 
torn1 he left 8 ,sylvan cave1    ,&     
s\ght a =eign home1 a di/ant grave4     
,to wat* ! movem5ts ( ! ,daunian ho/1   
,) him ,euryalus su/a9s ! po/2    ,no   
loveli] mi5 adorn'd ! ranks ( ,troy1    
,& be>dless bloom yet grac$ ! gallant   
boy2    ,?o' few ! seasons ( 8 y\?ful   
life1    ,z yet a novice 9 ! m>tial     
/rife1    ',twas 81 ) beauty1 val\r's   
gifts to %>e--    ,a s\l h]oic1 z 8 =m 0
 fair4      ,^! burn ) "o pure flame (  
g5]\s love2    ,9 peace1 9 w>1 unit$    
/ill !y move2    ,fri5d%ip & glory =m _!
 jo9t rew>d2    ,& n[ comb9$ !y hold _! 
nightly gu>d40      ,! two !n c>ry out a
 d>+ raid on ! enemy1 9 :i*    ,euryalus
 is sla94 ,nisus1 com+ to 8 rescue      
is--aft]    p]=m+ prodigies (           
valor--sla9 too4      8,?us ,nisus all 8
 fond affection prov$--    ,dy+1 rev5g$ 
! fate ( him he lov$2    ,!n on 8 bosom 

s\ght 8 wont$ place1    ,& dea? 0       
heav5ly 9 8 fri5d's embrace6            
,cele/ial pair6 if aught my v]se c      
claim1    ,waft$ on ,"t's broad p9ion1  
y\rs is fame6    ,ages on ages %all y\r 
fate admire1    ,no future day %all see 
y\r names expire1    ,:ile /&s !        
,capitol1 immortal dome6    ,& vanqui%$ 
millions hail _! empress1 ,rome60       
,sid5ote3 ,t4 ,moore on ,byron          
,byron's fri5d%ips1 9 fact1 ) "y m5 7 s 
m>k$ t ,moore 9  8 ,life & ,lett]s ( ,"l
 ,byron seems to h felt x necess>y to   
m5tion &1 to "s ext5t1 to expla9 !m3--  
8,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,greece 79 #ahaj7 we f9d 
him =m+ "o    ( ^? extraord9>y          
fri5d%ips--if atta*m5t to p]sons s      
inf]ior to himself c be call$ by t "n--(
 :i* ,i h    already m5tion$ two or ?ree
 in/ances 9 8 y\ng] days1    & 9 :i* !  
pride ( be+ a protector & ! pleasure    
( excit+ gratitude seem to h contribut$ 
to 8 m9d !    *ief1 p]vad+ *>m4 ,! p]son
 :om he n[ adopt$ 9 ?is    mann]1 & f   
simil> feel+s to ^? :i* _h inspir$ 8    

e>ly atta*m5ts to ! cottage boy ne>     
,new/ead & ! "y    *ori/] at ,cambridge1
 0 a ,greek y\?1 nam$ ,nicolo ,giraud1  
! son1 ,i believe1 ( a wid[ lady 9 ^:   
h\se ! arti/    ,lusi]i lodg$4 ,9 ?is "y
 man he seems to h tak5 ! mo/    lively 
& ev5 bro!rly int]e/40    ,sid5ote3     
,%elley on ,fri5d%ip    ,%elley1 9 8    
fragm5t>y ,essay on ,fri5d%ip--/at$ by 8
 fri5d  ,hogg to h be5 writt5 8n long   
be=e 8 dea?0--says3--      8,i rememb]  
=m+ an atta*m5t ( ?is k9d at s*ool4 ,i  
_c recall to my memory ! precise epo* at
 :i* ?is took    place2 b ,i imag9e x   
mu/ h be5 at ! age ( elev5 or    twelve4
 ,! object ( ^! s5tim5ts 0 a boy ab\t my
 own    age1 ( a "* em95tly g5]\s1 brave
 & g5tle1 &    ! elem5ts ( human feel+  
seem$ to h be51 f 8    bir?1 g5ially    
comp\nd$ )9 him4 ,!re 0 a delicacy    & 
a simplicity 9 8 mann]s1 inexpressibly  
attractive4 ,x    has nev] be5 my =tune 
to meet ) him s9ce my s*oolboy    days2 
b ei!r ,i conf\nd my pres5t             
recollections ) !    delusions ( pa/    

feel+s1 or he is n[ a s\rce ( hon\r &   
utility to ev]yone ar\nd him4 ,! tones (
 8 voice 7 s    s(t & w9n+1 t e ^w pi]c$
 into my he>t2 &    _! pa?os 0 s deep t 
9 li/5+ to him ! te>s h    involunt>ily 
gu%$ f my eyes4 ,su* 0 ! be+ = :om ,i   
fir/ exp]i5c$ ! sacr$ s5tim5ts (        
fri5d%ip40    ,x may be not$ t ,hogg    
takes ! ref]5ce z to himself6           
,sid5ote3 ,leigh ,hunt on ,s*ool-life   
,) ?is passage we may comp>e ! foll[+ f 
,leigh ,hunt3--      8,if ,i _h reap$ no
 o!r b5efit f ,*ri/ ,hospital1 !        
s*ool w\ld be ev] de> to me f !         
recollection ( !    fri5d%ips ,i =m$ 9  
x1 & ( ! fir/ heav5ly ta/e x    gave me 
( t mo/ spiritual ( ! affections4444 ,if
 ev]    ,i ta/$ a disembodi$ transport  
on e>?1 x 0 9 ^?    fri5d%ips :i* ,i    
ent]ta9$ at s*ool1 be=e ,i dreamt (     
any matur] feel+4 ,i %all nev] =get !   
impression x made    on me4 ,i lov$ my  
fri5d = 8 g5tl5ess1 8 c&\r1 8    tru?1 8
 good repute1 8 fre$om ev5 f my own     
liveli]    mann]1 8 calm & reasonable   

k9dness4 ,x 0 n any    p>ticul> tal5t t 
attract$ me to him1 or any?+ /rik+      
:atsoev]4 ,i %\ld say1 9 "o ^w1 x 0 8   
goodness4 ,i    d\bt :e!r he ev] _h a   
conception ( a ti! ( ! reg>d    &       
respect ,i ent]ta9$ = him2 & ,i smile to
 ?9k ( !    p]plexity 7?\gh he nev] %[$ 
x7 :i* he probably felt    sometimes at 
my en?usia/ic expressions2 = ,i ?\ght   
him a    k9d ( angel4 ,x is no          
exagg]ation to say1 t1 take away !      
unspiritual "p ( x--! g5ius & ! k--& !re
 is    no height ( conceit indulg$ 9 by 
! mo/ romantic "*    9 ,%akespe>e1 :i*  
surpass$ :at ,i felt t[>ds ! m]its    ,i
 ascrib$ to him1 & ! delight :i* ,i took
 9 8 society4    ,) ! o!r boys ,i play$ 
antics1 & riot$ 9 fanta/ic    je/s2 b 9 
8 society1 or :5ev] ,i ?\ght ( him1 ,i  
fell    into a k9d ( ,sabba? /ate (     
bliss2 & ,i am sure ,i c\ld h    di$ =  
him4      8,i exp]i5c$ ?is delightful   
affection t[>ds ?ree successive         
s*oolfell[s1 till two ( !m _h = "s "t   
gone out into    ! _w & =gott5 me2 b x  

grew less ) ea*1 & 9    m ?an "o in/ance
 became rivall$ by a new set ( emotions1
    especially 9 reg>d to ! la/1 = ,i   
fell 9 love ) 8    si/]--at lea/1 ,i    
?\ght s4 ,b on ! occurr5ce ( h]    dea?1
 n long aft]1 ,i 0 />tl$ at f9d+ myself 
assume    an air ( great] sorr[ ?an ,i  
felt1 & at be+ will+ to    be reliev$ by
 ! sight ( ! fir/ pretty face t turn$   
t[>ds me4444 ,my fri5d1 :o di$ himself n
 long aft] 8    quitt+ ! ,univ]sity1 0 (
 a ,g]man family 9 ! s]vice (    ! c\rt1
 v ref9$ & musical40 ,autobiography (   
,leigh    ,hunt1 ,smi? & ,eld]1 #ahgj1  
p4 #ge4    ,sid5ote3 ,"l ,beaconsfield's
 8,con+sby0    ,on ?is subject (        
boy-fri5d%ips & _! int5sity ,"l         
,beaconsfield  has1 9 ,con+sby1 a q     
romantic passage1 :i* not)/&+  its      
s5tim5tal sett+ may be wor? quot+2      
because1 aft] all1 x  signalises an     
(t5-=gott5 or unconsid]$ aspect (       
s*ool-life3--      8,at s*ool1 fri5d%ip 
is a passion4 ,x entrances ! be+2    x  
te>s ! s\l4 ,all loves ( aft]-life c    

nev] br+ its    rapture1 or its         
wret*$ness2 no bliss s absorb+1 no pangs
 (    jeal\sy or despair s cru%+ & s    
ke56 ,:at t5d]ness &    :at devotion2   
:at illimitable confid5ce1 inf9ite      
revelations    ( inmo/ ?\ghts2 :at      
ec/atic pres5t & romantic future2    :at
 bitt] e/rangem5ts & :at melt+          
reconciliations2    :at sc5es ( wild    
recrim9ation1 agitat+ explanations1     
passionate correspond5ce2 :at insane    
s5sitiv5ess1 & :at    frantic           
s5sibility2 :at e>?quakes ( ! he>t &    
:irlw9ds    ( ! s\l are conf9$ 9 t      
simple phrase1 a s*oolboy's             
fri5d%ip60    ,sid5ote3 ,t5nyson's 8,9  
,memoriam0    ,alfr$ ,t5nyson1 9 8 great
 poem ,9 ,memoriam1 publi%$ ab\t !      
middle ( ! #ai? c5tury1 gives sup]b     
expression to 8 love = 8  lo/ fri5d1    
,ar?ur ,hallam4 ,res]v$1 dignifi$1 9    
su/a9$ m$itation  & t5d] s5tim5t1 yet   
half reveal+ "h & !re a m passionate    
feel+2 express+ 9 simple/ words ! mo/   
difficult & elusive  ?\ghts 7e4g41      

,cantos #abh & #abi71 z well z ! mo/    
intimate &  sacr$ moods ( ! s\l2 x is   
inde$ a great "w ( art4 ,naturally1  be+
 su*1 x 0 r\ndly abus$ by ! critics on  
its fir/ appe>ance4  ,! ,times solemnly 
rebuk$ its language z unfitt$ = any b   
amatory  t5d]ness1 & because "y ,hallam 
0 a b>ri/] sp5t mu* wit ^u  ! poet's    
8,am>yllis ( ! ,*anc]y b>40 ,t5nyson    
himself1 speak+ (  ,9 ,memoriam1 m5tion$
 7see ,memoir by 8 son1 p4 #hjj7 8!     
numb] (  %ameful lett]s ( abuse he _h   
receiv$ ab\t x60      ,,canto ,,xiii4   
8,te>s ( ! wid[]1 :5 he sees1      ,a   
late-lo/ =m t sleep reveals1      ,&    
moves 8 d\btful arms1 & feels    ,h]    
place is empty1 fall l ^!2      ,:i*    
weep a loss = ev] new1      ,a void :]e 
he>t on he>t repos$2      ,&1 :]e w>m   
h&s h pre/ & clos$1    ,sil5ce1 till ,i 
be sil5t too4      ,:i* weep ! comrade (
 my *oice1      ,an awful ?\ght1 a life 
remov$1      ,! human-he>t$ man ,i lov$1
    ,a _s1 n a brea?+ voice4      ,come 
,"t1 & tea* me1 _m ye>s1      ,i d n    

suff] 9 a dream2      ,= n[ s /range d  
^! ?+s seem1    ,m9e eyes h leisure = _!
 te>s2      ,my fancies "t to rise on   
w+1      ,& glance ab\t ! approa*+      
sails1      ,z ?o' !y br\ght b m]*ant's 
bales1    ,& n ! burd5 t !y br+40       
,,canto ,,xviii4      8',tis well1 'tis 
some?+1 we may /&        ,:]e he 9      
,engli% e>? is laid1      ,& f 8 a%es   
may be made    ,! violet ( 8 native l&4 
',tis little2 b x looks 9 tru?      ,z  
if ! quiet bones 7 ble/      ,among     
famili> names to re/    ,& 9 ! places ( 
8 y\?4      ,come !n1 pure h&s1 & be> ! 
head      ,t sleeps1 or we>s ! mask (   
sleep1      ,& come1 :atev] loves to    
weep1    ,& he> ! ritual ( ! dead4      
,ah yet1 ev'n yet1 if ?is might be1     
,i1 fall+ on 8 fai?ful he>t1      ,w\ld 
brea?+ ?ro' 8 lips imp>t    ,! life t   
almo/ dies 9 me3      ,t dies n1 b      
endures ) pa91      ,& sl[ly =ms ! firm]
 m9d1      ,treasur+ ! look x _c f9d1   
,! words t are n he>d aga940            
,,canto ,,lix4      8,if1 9 ?y second   

/ate sublime1        ,?y ransom'd reason
 *ange replies      ,) all ! circle ( ! 
wise1    ,! p]fect fl[] ( human "t2     
,& if ?\ ca/ ?9e eyes bel[1      ,h[    
dimly "*'d & slight1      ,h[ dw>f'd a  
gr[? ( cold & night1    ,h[ blan*'d )   
d>kness mu/ ,i gr[6      ,yet turn !e to
 ! d\btful %ore1      ,:]e ?y fir/ =m 0 
made a man2      ,i lov$ !e1 ,_s1 &     
love1 nor c    ,! s\l ( ,%akspe>e love  
!e m40      ,,canto ,,cxxvii4      8,de>
 fri5d1 f> (f1 my lo/ desire1        ,s 
f>1 s ne>1 9 woe or weal2      ,o lov$ !
 mo/ :5 mo/ ,i feel    ,!re is a l[] & a
 high]2      ,kn[n & unkn[n1 human1     
div9e6      ,sweet human h& & lips &    
eye1      ,de> heav5ly fri5d t can/ n   
die1    ,m9e1 m9e1 = ev]1 ev]1 m9e6     
,/range fri5d1 pa/1 pres5t & to be2     
,lov$ deepli]1 d>kli] und]/ood2         
,behold ,i dream a dream ( good    ,&   
m+le all ! _w ) !e40      ,,canto       
,,cxxviii4      8,?y voice is on ! roll+
 air2      ,i he> !e :]e ! wat]s run2   
,?\ /&e/ 9 ! ris+ sun1    ,& 9 ! sett+  

?\ art fair4      ,:at art ?\ !n8 ,i _c 
guess2      ,b ?o' ,i seem 9 /> & fl[]  
,to feel !e "s diffusive p[]1    ,i d n 
!re=e love !e less3      ,my love       
involves ! love be=e2      ,my love is  
va/] passion n[2      ,?o' mix$ ) ,god &
 ,nature ?\1    ,i seem to love !e m &  
m4      ,f> (f ?\ art1 b ev] nigh2      
,i h !e /ill1 & ,i rejoice2      ,i     
prosp]1 circl$ ) ?y voice2    ,i %all n 
lose !e ?o' ,i die40    ,sid5ote3       
,br[n+'s 8,may & ,dea?0    ,foll[+ is a 
little poem by ,rob]t ,br[n+ entitl$    
,may & ,dea?1  :i* may well be plac$ ne>
 ! /anzas ( ,9 ,memoriam3--      8,i wi%
 t :5 y di$ la/ ,may1      ,*>les1 !re  
_h di$ along ) y    ,?ree p>ts ( ,spr+'s
 delightful ?+s2      ,ay1 & = me ! f\r?
 "p too4      ,a fooli% ?\ght1 & worse1 
p]haps6      ,!re mu/ be _m a pair (    
fri5ds    ,:o arm-9-arm des]ve ! w>m    
,moon-bir?s & ! long ev5+-ends4      ,s1
 = _! sake1 be ,may /ill ,may6      ,let
 _! new "t1 z m9e ( old1    ,d all x did
 = me2 ,i bid      ,sweet sights & s\nds

 ?rong manifold4      ,only "o little   
sight1 "o plant      ,woods h 9 ,may1 t 
/>ts up gre5    ,save a sole /reak :i*1 
s to speak1      ,is ,spr+'s blood1     
spilt its leaves betwe5--      ,t1 !y   
might sp>e2 a c]ta9 wood      ,might    
miss ! plant2 _! loss 7 small2    ,b    
,i--:5e'er ! leaf gr[s !re--      ,x's  
drop comes f my he>t1 t's all40         
,sid5ote3 ,ralph ,waldo ,em]son         
,betwe5 ,br[n+ & ,:itman we may ins]t a 
few l9es f ,r4 ,w4  ,em]son3--      8,! 
only way to h a fri5d is to be "o4444 ,9
 ! la/    analysis love is only !       
reflection ( a man's own wor?9ess    f  
o!r m54 ,m5 h sometimes ex*ang$ names ) 
_!    fri5ds1 z if !y w\ld signify t 9  
_! fri5d ea* lov$    8 own s\l4      8,!
 high] ! /yle we dem& ( fri5d%ip1 (     
c\rse ! less    easy to e/abli% x ) fle%
 & blood4444 ,fri5ds1 su* z we          
desire1 are dreams & fables4 ,b a       
sublime hope *e]s ev] !    fai?ful he>t1
 t else:]e1 9 o!r regions ( ! univ]sal  
p[]1 s\ls are n[ act+1 endur+1 & d>+1   

:i* c love    u1 & :i* we c love40      
,essay on ,fri5d%ip4    ,sid5ote3 ,h5ry 
,d4 ,?oreau    ,^! also f ,h5ry ,d4     
,?oreau3--      8,no ^w is (t5] on !    
lips ( m5 ?an ,fri5d%ip1 &    inde$ no  
?\ght is m famili> to _! aspirations4   
,all m5    are dream+ ( x1 & its drama1 
:i* is always a trag$y1 is    enact$    
daily4 ,x is ! secret ( ! univ]se4 ,y   
may ?read    ! t[n1 y may w&] ! c\ntry1 
& none %all ev] speak    ( x1 yet ?\ght 
is ev]y:]e busy ab\t x1 & ! idea (      
:at is possible 9 ?is respect affects   
our behavi\r t[>ds    all new m5 & wom51
 & a great _m old ones4 ,nev]!less    ,i
 c rememb] only two or ?ree essays on   
?is subject 9 all    lit]ature4444 ,to  
say t a man is y\r fri5d1 means commonly
    no m ?an ?is1 t he is n y\r enemy4  
,mo/ contemplate    only :at w\ld be !  
accid5tal & trifl+ advantages (         
fri5d%ip1 z t ! fri5d c assi/ 9 "t (    
ne$1 by 8    sub/ance1 or 8 influ5ce1 or
 8 c\nsel2 b he :o =esees    su*        
advantages 9 ?is relation proves himself

 bl9d to its    real advantage1 or inde$
 :olly inexp]i5c$ 9 ! relation          
itself4444 ,:at is commonly call$       
,fri5d%ip is only a little    m hon\r   
among rogues4 ,b sometimes we are said  
to love    ano!r1 t is1 to /& 9 a true  
relation to him1 s t we    give ! be/   
to1 & receive ! be/ f1 him4 ,betwe5 :om 
!re is he>ty tru? !re is love2 & 9      
proportion to our    tru?fulness &      
confid5ce 9 "o ano!r our lives are div9e
    & miracul\s1 & answ] to our ideal4  
,!re are passages (    affection 9 our  
int]c\rse ) mortal m5 & wom51 su* z     
no prophecy _h taught u to expect1 :i*  
transc5d our e>?ly    life1 & anticipate
 heav5 = u40 ,f ,on ! ,concord ,riv]4   
,sid5ote3 ,walt ,:itman    ,i conclude  
?is collection ) a few quotations f     
,:itman1 = :om  8! love ( comrades0     
p]haps /&s z ! mo/ intimate "p ( 8      
message to ! _w--8,"h ! fraile/ leaves (
 me & yet my /ronge/  la/+40 ,:itman1 by
 8 great p[]1 orig9ality & initiative1  
z well z by 8 deep insight & wide       

vision1 is 9 _m ways !  inaugurator ( a 
new era to mank9d2 & x is especially    
int]e/+ to  f9d t ?is idea ( comrade%ip1
 & ( its e/abli%m5t z a social          
in/itution1 plays s important a "p )    
him4 ,we h se5 t 9  ! ,greek age1 & m or
 less g5]ally 9 ! anci5t & pagan _w1    
comrade%ip 0 an in/itution2 we h se5 t 9
 ,*ri/ian & mod]n  times1 ?\gh exi/5t1 x
 0 socially d5i$ & ignor$1 & inde$  to a
 great ext5t fell "u a k9d ( ban2 & n[  
,:itman's attitude  t[>ds x sugge/s to u
 t x really is de/9$ to pass into its   
?ird /age1 to arise aga91 & become a    
recognis$ factor ( mod]n  life1 & ev5 9 
a m ext5d$ & p]fect =m ?an at fir/4#i   
8,x is to ! developm5t1 id5tification1 &
 g5]al preval5ce    ( t f]vid comrade%ip
 7! adhesive love1 at lea/ rival+    !  
amative love hi!rto possess+ imag9ative 
lit]ature1 if    n go+ beyond x71 t ,i  
look = ! c\nt]balance &    (fset ( our  
mat]iali/ic & vulg> ,am]ican ,democracy1
 &    = ! spiritualisation !re(4 ,_m w  
say x is a dream1    & w n foll[ my     

inf]5ces2 b ,i confid5tly expect    a "t
 :5 !re w be se51 runn+ l a half-hid w>p
    ?r\gh all ! myriad audible & visible
 worldly int]e/s    ( ,am]ica1 ?reads ( 
manly fri5d%ip1 fond & lov+1 pure    &  
sweet1 /rong & lifelong1 c>ri$ to       
degrees hi!rto    unkn[n--n only giv+   
tone to individual "*1 & mak+    x      
unprec$5tly emotional1 muscul>1 h]oic1 &
 ref9$1 b    hav+ deepe/ relations to   
g5]al politics4 ,i say ,democracy       
inf]s su* lov+ comrade%ip1 z its mo/    
inevitable tw9 or    c\nt]p>t1 )\t :i* x
 w be incomplete1 9 va91 &    incapable 
( p]petuat+ itself40 ,democratic ,vi/as1
 note4    ,sid5ote3 8,leaves ( ,grass0  
,! ?ree foll[+ poems are tak5 f ,leaves 
( ,grass3--      8,record]s ages h5ce1  
,come1 ,i w take y d[n und]nea? ?is     
impassive ext]ior1 ,i w        tell y   
:at to say ( me1    ,publi% my "n & hang
 up my picture z t ( ! t5d]e/ lov]1     
,! fri5d ! lov]'s portrait1 ( :om 8     
fri5d 8 lov] 0        fonde/1    ,:o 0 n
 pr\d ( 8 songs1 b ( ! measureless ocean

 ( love        )9 him1 & freely p\r'd x 
=?1    ,:o (t5 walk'd lonesome walks    
?9k+ ( 8 de> fri5ds1 8        lov]s1    
,:o p5sive away f "o he lov'd (t5 lay   
sleepless & dissatisfi$        at night1
    ,:o knew too well ! sick1 sick dread
 le/ ! "o he lov'd might        secretly
 be indiff]5t to him1    ,^: happie/    
days 7 f> away ?r\gh fields1 9 woods1 on
 hills1        he & ano!r w&]+ h& 9 h&1 
!y twa9 ap>t f o!r        m51    ,:o (t 
z he saunt]'d ! /reets curv'd ) 8 arm ! 
%\ld]        ( 8 fri5d1 :ile ! arm ( 8  
fri5d re/$ ^u him also40                
,leaves ( ,grass1 #ahia-b edn41 p4 #ajb4
      8,:5 ,i he>d at ! close ( ! day h[
 my "n _h be5 receiv'd )        plaudits
 9 ! capital1 /ill x 0 n a happy night =
 me t        foll['d1    ,& else :5 ,i  
c>\s'd1 or :5 my plans 7 accompli%'d1   
/ill ,i        0 n happy1    ,b ! day :5
 ,i rose at dawn f ! b$ ( p]fect heal?1 
refre%'d1 s++1 inhal+ ! ripe brea? (    
autumn1    ,:5 ,i saw ! full moon 9 !   
we/ gr[ pale & disappe> 9 !        morn+

 light1    ,:5 ,i w&]'d alone ov] !     
bea*1 & undress+ ba!d1 laugh+        ) !
 cool wat]s1 & saw ! sun rise1    ,& :5 
,i ?\ght h[ my de> fri5d my lov] 0 on 8 
way com+1        ,o !n ,i 0 happy1    ,o
 !n ea* brea? ta/$ sweet]1 & all t day  
my food n\ri%'d        me m1 & !        
beautiful day pass'd well1    ,& ! next 
came ) equal joy1 & ) ! next at ev5+    
came my        fri5d1    ,& t night :ile
 all 0 /ill ,i he>d ! wat]s roll sl[ly  
cont9u\sly up ! %ores1    ,i he>d !     
hiss+ ru/le ( ! liquid & s&s z direct$  
to me        :isp]+ to congratulate me1 
,= ! "o ,i love mo/ lay sleep+ by me "u 
! same cov] 9 !        cool night1    ,9
 ! /illness 9 ! autumn moonbeams 8 face 
0 incl9$ t[>d me1    ,& 8 arm lay       
lightly ar\nd my brea/--& t night ,i 0  
happy40                                 
,ibid1 p4 #ajc4      8,i he> x 0 *>g$   
aga9/ me t ,i s\ght to de/roy           
in/itutions1    ,b really ,i am nei!r = 
nor aga9/ in/itutions1    7,:at inde$ h 
,i 9 common ) !m8 or :at ) ! de/ruction 

(        !m87    ,only ,i w e/abli% 9 ! 
,mannahatta & 9 e city ( ^! ,/ates      
inl& & seabo>d1    ,& 9 ! fields &      
woods1 & above e keel little or l>ge t  
d5ts ! wat]1    ,)\t edifices or rules  
or tru/ees or any argum5t1    ,!        
in/itution ( ! de> love ( comrades40    
,ibid1 p4 #ajg4          ,additions     
#aijf      ,greek ,times    ,sid5ote3   
,ari/otle    ,ari/otle 7,e?ics bk4      
viii47 says3      8,fri5d%ip is a ?+ mo/
 necess>y to life1 s9ce )\t    fri5ds no
 "o w\ld *oose to live1 ?\gh possess$ ( 
all    o!r advantages40444 8,s9ce !n 8  
own life is1 to a good man1    a ?+     
naturally sweet & ultimately desirable1 
= a simil>    reason is ! life ( 8 fri5d
 agreeable to him1 & delightful    m]ely
 on its own acc\nt1 & )\t ref]5ce to any
 object    beyond x2 & to live )\t      
fri5ds is to be de/itute (    a good1   
uncondition$1 absolute1 & 9 itself      
desirable2 &    !re=e to be depriv$ ( "o
 ( ! mo/ solid & mo/    sub/antial ( all
 enjoym5ts40      8,be+ ask$ #8,:at is  

,fri5d%ip8' ,ari/otle repli$ #8,"o s\l 9
    two bodies4'0 ,diog4 ,la]tius4      
,sid5ote3 ,epam9ondas & ,pelopidas      
,epam9ondas & ,pelopidas1 ! ,!ban       
/atesm5 & g5]als1 7  celebrat$ = _!     
devotion to ea* o!r4 ,9 a battle 7,b4,c4
 #che7  aga9/ ! ,arcadians1 ,epam9ondas 
is said to h sav$ 8 fri5d's  life4      
,plut>* 9 8 ,life ( ,pelopidas relates (
 !m3--      8,epam9ondas & he 7 bo? born
 ) ! same dispositions to    all k9ds ( 
virtues1 b ,pelopidas took m pleasure 9 
!    ex]cises ( ! body1 & ,epam9ondas 9 
! improvem5ts (    ! m9d2 s t !y sp5t   
all _! leisure "t1 ! "o 9    hunt+1 & ! 
pale/ra1 ! o!r 9 le>n$ conv]sation1 &   
! /udy ( philosophy4 ,b ( all ! fam\s   
actions = :i*    !y are s mu* celebrat$1
 ! judici\s "p ( mank9d reckon    none s
 great & glori\s z t /rict fri5d%ip :i* 
!y    inviolably pres]v$ ?r\gh ! :ole   
c\rse ( _! lives1 9    all ! high po/s  
!y held1 bo? milit>y & civil4444 ,=     
be+ bo? 9 t battle1 ne> "o ano!r 9 !    
infantry1 &    fight+ aga9/ !           

,arcadians1 t w+ ( ! ,lac$monians    9  
:i* !y 71 gave way & 0 brok52 :i*       
,pelopidas &    ,epam9ondas p]ceiv+1 !y 
jo9$ _! %ields1 & keep+    close toge!r1
 bravely repuls$ all t attack$ !m1 till 
at    la/ ,pelopidas1 aft] receiv+ sev5 
l>ge w\nds1 fell ^u a    heap ( fri5ds &
 enemies t lay dead toge!r4 ,epam9ondas1
    ?\gh he believ$ him sla91 advanc$   
be=e him to def5d 8    body & arms1 & = 
a long "t ma9ta9$ 8 gr\nd aga9/    great
 numb]s ( ! ,arcadians1 be+ resolv$ to  
die r    ?an des]t 8 companion & leave  
him 9 ! enemy's p[]2    b be+ w\nd$ 9 8 
brea/ by a spe>1 & 9 8 arm by a         
sword1 he 0 q disabl$ & ready to fall1  
:5 ,agesipolis1    k+ ( ! ,sp>tans1 came
 f ! o!r w+ to 8 relief1 &    beyond all
 expectation sav$ bo? _! lives40        
,sid5ote3 ,polemon & ,krates    ,polemon
 & ,krates 7 foll[]s ( ,plato 9         
philosophy1 & 9 _!  "t 7ab\t #cjj       
,b4,c47 lead]s ( ! ,platonic ,s*ool4 ,!y
 71  accord+ to ,hesy*ius1 devot$       
fri5ds3      8,krates & ,polemon lov$   

ea* o!r s well t !y n only    7 occupi$ 
9 life ) ! same "w1 b !y almo/ drew     
brea? simultane\sly2 & 9 dea? !y %>$ !  
same grave4    ,on acc\nt ( :i*1        
,ar*esilaus1 :o visit$ !m 9 company    )
 ,!ophra/us 7a pupil ( ,ari/otle71 spoke
 ( !m z gods1    or survivors f ! ,gold5
 ,age40                                 
,hesy*ius xl4    ,sid5ote3 ,alex&] &    
,heph/ion    ,alex&]1 ! great           
,_w-,conqu]or1 0 born ,b4,c4 #cef1 & 0  
,k+ (  ,mac$onia ,b4,c4 #ccf-cbc4 ,8    
great favorite 0 ,heph/ion1 :o _h be5   
br\ght up & educat$ ) him4      8,:5    
,heph/ion di$ at ,ecbatana 79 #cbd7     
,alex&] plac$ 8    weapons ^u ! fun]al  
pyre1 ) gold & silv] = ! dead    man1 & 
a robe--:i* la/1 among ! ,p]sians is a  
symbol (    great hon\r4 ,he %ore (f 8  
own hair1 z 9 ,hom]ic grief1    & behav$
 l ! ,a*illes ( ,hom]4 ,inde$ he act$ m 
viol5tly & passionately ?an ! latt]1 =  
he caus$ !    t[]s & /rongholds (       
,ecbatana to be demoli%$ all r\nd4 ,z   
long z he only d$icat$ 8 own hair1 he 0 

behav+1 ,i ?9k1    l a ,greek2 b :5 he  
laid h&s on ! v walls1 ,alex&]    0     
already %[+ 8 grief 9 =eign fa%ion4 ,ev5
 9 8    clo?+ he dep>t$ f ord9>y cu/om1 
& gave himself up to    8 mood1 8 love1 
& 8 te>s40                              
,aelian's ,v>ia ,hi/oria1 vii1 #h4      
,p]sian ,poetry    ,sid5ote3 ,f ,sadi's 
,rose-,g>d5    ,von ,kupff]1 9 8        
,an?ology1 ,liebl+m9ne und ,freundes    
liebe 9 d]  ,weltlit]atur1 gives !      
foll[+ ?ree poems f ,sadi & ,hafiz3--   
8,a y\? !re 0 ( gold5 he>t & nature1    
,:o lov$ a fri5d1 8 l 9 e feature2      
,once1 z ^u ! ocean sail$ ! pair1    ,!y
 *anc$ into a :irlpool unaw>e4    ,a    
fi%]man made ha/e ! fir/ to save1       
,ere 8 "y life %\ld meet a wat]y grave2 
,b cry+ f ! rag+ surf1 he said3         
#8,leave me1 & seize my comrade's h&    
in/ead4'    ,e'en z he spoke ! mortal   
swoon o'ertook him1    ,) t la/ utt]ance
 life & s5se =sook him4      ,le>n n    
love's temp] f t %all[ pate    ,:o 9 !  
h\r ( fe> =sakes 8 mate2    ,true fri5ds

 w ev] act l him above    7,tru/ "o :o  
is exp]i5c$ 9 love72    ,= ,sadi kn[s   
full well ! lov]'s "p1    ,& ,bagdad    
und]/&s ! ,arab he>t4    ,m ?an all else
 ?y lov$ "o %alt ?\ prize1    ,else is !
 :ole _w hidd5 f ?9e eyes40    ,sid5ote3
 ,f ,sadi's ,pleasure ,g>d5      8,lov'/
 ?\ a be+ =m$ ( du/ l !e--    ,peace &  
cont5tm5t f ?y he>t %all flee2    ,wak+1
 fair limbs & features %all torm5t !e2  
,sleep+1 ?y love 9 dreams %all hold &   
haunt !e4    ,"u 8 feet ?y head is b[$  
to e>?2    ,comp>$ ) him ! _w's a paltry
 cru/2    ,if to ?y lov$ "o gold is no?+
 wor?1    ,:y1 !n to !e is gold no m ?an
 du/4      ,h>dly a ^w = o!rs can/ ?\   
f9d1    ,= no room's left = o!rs 9 ?y   
m9d40    ,sid5ote3 ,hafiz to 8 ,fri5d   
8,de> ,fri5d1 s9ce ?\ ha/ pass$ ! :ole  
,( "o sweet night1 till dawn1 ) me1     
,i 7 sc>ce mortal1 c\ld ,i sp5d         
,ano!r h\r ap>t f !e4    ,! fe> ( dea?1 
= all ( "t    ,ha? left me s9ce my s\l  
p>took    ,! wat] ( true ,life1 t wells 
,9 sweet abundance f ?y brook40         

,r5aissance    ,sid5ote3 ,beaumont &    
,flet*]    ,beaumont & ,flet*] are two  
names :i* "t & immortal fri5d%ip  h     
seal$ 9 "o4 ,francis ,beaumont 0 son ( a
 judge1 & ,john  ,flet*]1 :o 0 "s f\r or
 five ye>s ! eld] ( ! two1 son (  a     
bi%op4 ,! "o w5t to ,ox=d1 ! o!r to     
,cambridge4 ,bo? took to  writ+ at an   
e>ly age2 !y probably met at ! ,m]maid  
,tav]n1 ab\t  ! ye> #afjd1 & a fri5d%ip 
sprang up betwe5 !m ( ! close/  "*4 8,! 
intimacy :i* n[ comm5c$ 0 "o ( s+ul>    
w>m?  ev5 = t romantic age40 7,*amb]s'  
,biog4 ,dict47 ,= _m ye>s !y  liv$ 9 !  
same h\se z ba*elors1 writ+ plays       
toge!r1 & %>+  ev]y?+ 9 common4 ,!n 9   
#afac ,beaumont m>ri$1 b di$ 9 #afaf4   
,flet*] liv$ on unm>ri$1 till #afbe1 :5 
he di$ ( ! plague4    ,j4 ,/4 ,l4       
,/ra*ey1 9 8 introduction to ! works (  
,beaumont &  ,flet*] 9 ! ,m]maid ,s]ies1
 says3--      8,9 ! :ole range ( ,engli%
 lit]ature1 se>* x f    ,*auc] till     
to-day1 !re is no figure m fasc9at+ or m
    wor?y ( att5tion ?an #8! my/]i\s    

d\ble p]sonallity' (    ,beaumont &     
,flet*]4 ,:e!r we b[ to ! s5tim5t ( !   
fir/ ,editor1 :o1 ?\gh he knew ! secret 
( ! poets1 yet    s9ce nev] p>t$ :ile !y
 liv$' conceiv$ x n equitable    to     
#8sep>ate _! a%es1' & s refuse to ?9k ( 
!m ap>t2    :e!r we adopt ! leg5d>y     
union ( ! comrade-poets :o    dwelt on !
 ,bank-side1 :o liv$ & work$ toge!r1 _! 
?\ghts no less 9 common ?an ! cloak & b$
 o'er :i*    tradition has gr[n fond2   
:e!r we ?9k ( !m z two m9ds    s m>ri$ t
 to divorce or disunite !m 7 a          
sacrilegi\s    de$2 or :e!r we yield to 
! subtl] influ5ces ( !    critical      
fancy1 & delight to discov] & explore   
ea* f its    s\rce1 ! tw9 f\nta9s (     
inspiration t fe$ ! maje/ic    /ream (  
song t fl[s ?r\gh #8,! ,lo/ ,aspatia's' 
trag$y1    etc4 444 :e!r we treat !     
poets z a my/]y to :i* love    & sympa?y
 are ! initiation1 or z a problem = !   
te/s    & reag5ts ( critical analysis to
 solve1 ! d\ble "n (    ,beaumont &     
,flet*] w ev] /rike ! fancy & excite !  

imag9ation z does no o!r "n 9 ! annals (
 ,engli% song40    ,george ,v>ley1 9 8  
,introduction to ! works ( ,b4 & ,f4    
7,london1 ,e4  ,moxon1 #ahci7 says3--   
8,! /ory ( _! common life1 :i* sc&alises
 "s    biograph]s1 conta9s mu* t is     
agreeable to me1 z (f]+ a    picture (  
p]fect union ^: he>t9ess excuses its    
homel9ess    444 b :5 critics w\ld      
expla9 away ! community ( cloak    &    
clo!s by accid5t or sl&]1 me?9ks _!     
fa/idi\sness    exce$s _! good feel+40  
,sid5ote3 ,sweet ,flet*]'s ,bra9        
,beaumont 0 a man ( great p]sonal beauty
 & *>m4 ,b5 ,jonson 0  mu* attract$ to  
him4 ,flet*] delight$ to d him hon\r &  
to put 8  "n fir/ on _! title page2 ?\gh
 x is probable t ,beaumont's  %>e 9 !   
plays 0 ! less] "o4 ,see foll[+ v]ses by
 ,sir ,a/on  ,coka9e 9 ! #a/ ,collection
 ( _! works1 publi%$ #afdg3--      8,9 !
 l>ge book ( playes y late did pr9t1    
,9 ,beaumont & 9 ,flet*]'s "n1 :y 9't   
,did y n ju/ice8 ,give to ea* 8 due8    
,= ,beaumont ( ^? _m writ 9 few1    ,&  

,mass+] 9 o!r few2 ! ma9    ,be+ sole   
issues ( sweet ,flet*]'s bra94    ,b h[ 
came ,i1 y ask1 s mu* to "k8            
,flet*]'s *ief bosome-fri5d in=m'd me   
s40    ,sid5ote3 ,flet*]'s lam5t = 8    
,fri5d    ,! foll[+ l9es 7 writt5 by    
,flet*] on ! dea? ( ,beaumont3--        
8,come1 sorr[1 come6 br+ all ?y cries1  
,all ?y lam5ts1 & all ?y weep+ eyes6    
,burn out1 y liv+ monum5ts ( woe6       
,sad1 sull5 griefs1 n[ rise & ov]fl[6   
,virtue is dead2            ,oh6 cruel  
fate6            ,all y\? is fl$2       
,all our lam5ts too late4    ,oh1 noble 
y\?1 to ?y ne'er dy+ "n1    ,oh1 happy  
y\?1 to ?y /ill gr[+ fame1    ,to ?y    
long peace 9 e>?1 ?is sacr$ knell       
,our la/ loves r+--f>ewell1 f>ewell1    
f>ewell6    ,g1 happy s\l1 to ?y et]nal 
bir?6    ,& press 8 body lightly1 g5tle 
,e>?40    ,sid5ote3 ,an ,epitaph    ,&  
among ! poems attribut$ to ,francis     
,beaumont is "o g5]ally  suppos$ to be  
address$ to ,flet*]1 & speak+ ( an      
alliance hidd5  f ! _w--( :i* ! la/ five

 l9es run3--      8,if :5 ,i die1       
physicians d\bt    ,:at caus$ my dea?1 &
 ^! to view    ,( all _! judgm5ts1 :i* 0
 true1    ,rip up my he>t2 ,o1 !n ,i fe>
    ,! _w w see ?y picture !re40        
--?\gh x is p]haps m probable t x 0     
address$ to ,beaumont by  ,flet*]1 & has
 accid5tally f\nd place among ! =m]'s   
writ+s4    ,9 ! ,maids ,trag$y by ,b4 & 
,f41 7,act ,i4 ,sc5e i47 we h ,melantius
  speak+ ab\t 8 companion ,am9tor1 a "y 
nobleman3--      8,all joys ^u him6 = he
 is my fri5d4    ,wond] n t ,i call a   
man s "y my fri5d3    ,8 wor? is great2 
radiant he is1 & temp]ate2    ,& "o t   
nev] ?9ks 8 life 8 own1    ,if 8 fri5d  
ne$ x40    ,sid5ote3 ,vauv5>gues on ,de 
,seytres    ,! devotion ( ,vauv5>gues to
 8 fri5d ,de ,seytres is immortaliz$ by 
! loge he wrote on ! occasion ( !       
latt]'s dea?4 ,v41 a y\?  ( noble       
family1 born 9 ,s4 ,france 9 #agae1     
ent]$ milit>y s]vice &  ! regim5t ( !   
,k+ at an e>ly age4 ,he seems to h be5 a
 g5tle1  wise "*1 mu* belov$ by 8       

comrades4 ,dur+ ! ,fr5* invasion  (     
,bohemia1 9 #agda1 :5 he 0 ab\t #bf1 he 
met ,hippolyte de ,seytres1  :o belong$ 
to ! same regim5t1 & :o 0 only #ah ye>s 
( age4 ,a  w>m fri5d%ip sprang up betwe5
 ! two1 b la/$ = a brief "t  only4 ,de  
,seytres di$ dur+ ! privations ( !      
t]rible ,siege (  ,prague 9 #agdb4      
,vauv5>gues escap$1 b ) ! loss ( 8      
heal?1 z  well z ( 8 fri5d4 ,he took to 
lit]ature1 & wrote "s philosophic       
works1 & became correspond5t & fri5d (  
,voltaire1 b di$ 9  #agdg at ! e>ly age 
( #cb4 ,9 8 loge he speaks ( 8 fri5d z  
foll[s3--      8,by nature full ( grace1
 8 movem5ts natural1 8 mann]s    frank1 
8 features noble & grave1 8 expression  
sweet &    p5etrat+2 "o c\ld n look ^u  
him ) indiff]5ce4 ,f    ! fir/ 8        
loveable ext]ior won all he>ts 9 8      
fav\r1 &    :oev] 0 9 ! position to "k 8
 "* c\ld n b    admire ! beauty ( 8     
disposition4 ,nev] did he despise or    
envy or hate anyone4 ,he und]/ood all ! 
passions & op9ions1    ev5 ! mo/ s+ul>1 

t ! _w blames4 ,!y did n    surprise    
him2 he p5etrat$ _! cause1 & f\nd 9 8   
own    reflexions ! means ( expla9+ !m40
      8,& s ,hippolyte10 he cont9ues1   
8,i 0 de/9$ to be !    survivor 9 our   
fri5d%ip--j :5 ,i 0 hop+ t x w\ld       
mitigate all ! suff]+s & ennui ( my life
 ev5 to my    late/ brea?4 ,at ! mom5t  
:5 my he>t1 full ( security1    plac$   
bl9d confid5ce 9 ?y /r5g? & y\?1 &      
ab&on$    itself to gladness--,o ,mis]y6
 9 t mom5t a mighty h& 0    ext+ui%+ !  
s\rces ( life 9 ?y blood4 ,dea? 0       
creep+ into ?y he>t1 & h>b\r+ 9 ?y      
bosom6444 ,o p>don    me once m2 = nev] 
can/ ?\ h d\bt$ ! dep? ( my    atta*m5t4
 ,i lov$ !e be=e ,i 0 able to "k !e4 ,i 
h    nev] lov$ b !e 444 ,i 0 ignorant ( 
?y v "n &    life1 b my he>t ador$ !e1  
spoke ) !e1 saw !e &    s\ght !e 9      
solitude4 ,?\ knewe/ me b = a mom5t2 &  
:5 we did become acqua9t$1 already a    
?\s& times _h ,i    paid homage 9 secret
 to ?y virtues4444 ,%ade wor?y ( heav51 
:i!r ha/ ?\ fl$6 ,d my sighs rea* !e8 ,i

 tremble--,o abyss    pr(\nd1 ,o woe1 ,o
 dea?1 ,o grave6 ,d>k veil & viewless   
night1    & my/]y ( ,et]nity60    7,x is
 said t ,vauv5>gues ?\ght m ( ?is       
memorial inscription  to 8 fri5d ?an (  
any o!r ( 8 works1 & con/antly work$ at 
& p]fect$ x47    ,sid5ote3 ,f ,s*ill]'s 
,don ,k>los    ,s*ill]1 ! great ,g]man  
poet1 _h an en?usia/ic appreciation (   
fri5d%ip-love1 z c be se5 f 8 poems     
8,freunds*aft0 & 8,die  ,burgs*aft10 &  
o!rs ( 8 writ+s4 ,8 trag$y ,don ,k>los  
turns  ^u ! dea? ( "o fri5d = ! sake (  
ano!r4 ,! "y ,infanta  ( ,spa91 ,don    
,k>los1 ali5at$ by ! sev]ities ( 8 fa!r1
 ,phillip  ,,ii41 ent]s into plots &    
intrigues1 f ! consequ5ces ( :i* he  is 
only sav$ by 8 devot$ companion1 !      
,m>quis ( ,posa1 :o1 by  mak+ himself   
out ! guilty p>ty1 dies 9 ! ,pr9ce's    
/ead4 ,e>ly 9  ! play 7,act ,i41 ,sc5e  
ii47 ! atta*m5t betwe5 ! two is         
outl9$3--    ,sid5ote3 ,k>los & ,rod]ick
      ,k>los4        ,oh1 if inde$ 'tis 
true--    ,:at my he>t says--t out (    

millions1 ?\    ,ha/ be5 decre$ at la/  
to und]/& me2    ,if x be true t ,nature
 all-creative    ,9 m\ld+ ,k>los copi$  
,rod]ick1    ,& /rung ! t5d] *ords ( our
 two s\ls    ,h>moni\s 9 ! morn+ ( our  
lives2    ,if ev5 a te> t eases ?us my  
sorr[    ,is de>] to !e ?an my fa!r's   
fav\r--      ,m>quis ( ,posa4 ,oh1 de>] 
?an ! _w6      ,k>los4        ,s l[1 s  
l[    ,h ,i n[ fall51 h become s ne$y1  
,t ( our e>ly *ildi% ye>s toge!r    ,i  
mu/ rem9d !e--mu/ inde$ entreat    ,?y  
paym5t ( ^? long-=gott5 debts    ,:i*   
?\1 :ile yet 9 sailor g>b1 contract$/2  
,:5 ?\ & ,i1 two boys ( v5tur\s habit1  
,grew up1 & side by side1 9 bro!rhood4  
,no grief oppress$ me !n--save t ?y _s  
,seem$ s eclips+ m9e--until at l5g?     
,i boldly d>$ to love !e )\t limit1     
,s9ce to be l !e 0 beyond my dreams4    
,!n ,i began1 ) myriad t5d]ness    ,&   
bro!r-love mo/ loyal1 to torm5t !e2     
,& ?\1 pr\d he>t1 return$ x all s       
coldly4    ,(t w\ld ,i /& !re--& ?\     
saw'/ x n6    ,& hot & heavy te>-drops f

 my eyes    ,hung1 :5 p]*ance1 ?\1      
,rod]ick1 ha/5+ pa/ me1    ,w\ld'/ ?r[  
?y arms ab\t "s less] playmate4    8,:y 
only ^!80 ,i cri$1 & wept al\d    8,am  
,i n also wor?y ( ?y he>t80    ,b ?\--  
,s cold & s]i\s be=e me kneel+1         
8,homage0 ?\ said'/1 8to ! ,k+'s son is 
due40      ,m>quis4 ,a truce1 ,o ,pr9ce1
 to all ^! tales ( *ildhood1    ,!y make
 my *eeks r$ ev5 n[ ) %ame6      ,k>los4
 ,& ?is f !e inde$ ,i did n m]it4       
,contemn ?\ c\ld'/1 & ev5 r5d my he>t1  
,b ne'er e/range4 ,?ree times ?\ did'/  
repulse    ,! "y ,pr9ce f !e2 ?rice aga9
 he came    ,z suppliant to !e--to      
entreat ?y love1    ,& urg5tly to press 
8 love ^u !e4    ,b t :i* ,k>los c\ld n1
 *ance effect$4    7,! /ory is !n relat$
 ( h[ z a boy he took on himself ! blame
  = a misdemean\r ( ,rod]ick's1 & 0     
sev]ely puni%$ by 8 royal  fa!r7--      
,"u ! pitiless /rokes my blood fl[$ r$2 
,i look$ on !e & wept n4 ,b ! ,k+    ,0 
ang]$ by my boyi% h]oism1    ,& = twelve
 t]rible h\rs emprison$ me    ,9 a d>k  

dungeon1 to rep5t !re(4    ,s pr\d &    
fi]ce 0 my det]m9ation    ,by ,rod]ick  
to be belov$4 ,?\ cam'/1    ,& l\dly    
weep+ at my feet did'/ fall1    8,yes1  
yes10 did'/ cry1 8my pride is ov]come1  
,"o day1 :5 ?\ art k+1 ,i w repay !e40  
,m>quis 7giv+ 8 h&47    ,i w s1 ,k>l4   
,my boyi% affidavit    ,z man ,i n[     
r5ew2 ,i w repay2    ,my h\r w also     
/rike1 p]*ance4    ,sid5ote3 ,! devotion
 ( ,rod]ick    7,! h\r comes1 :5        
,rod]ick takes on himself ! blame = an  
intrigue  ( ,don ,k>los ) ! ,que5 &     
,william ( ,orange4 ,he writes a lett]  
to  ! latt]1 & all[s x purposely to fall
 into ! ,k+'s h&s4 ,he is  assass9at$ by
 ord] ( ! ,k+2 & ! foll[+ spee* ov] 8   
body  7,act ,v41 ,sc5e iv47 is made to !
 ,k+ by ,don ,k>los1 :o !nce=?  abjures 
all love except = ! memory ( 8 fri5d47  
,k>los 7to ! ,k+47    ,! dead man 0 my  
fri5d4 ,& w\ld y "k    ,:]e=e he di$8   
,he p]i%$ = my sake4    ,yes1 ,sire1 =  
we 7 bro!rs6 bro!rs by    ,a nobl] *a9  
?an ,nature ev] =ges4    ,love 0 8      

glori\s life-c>e]4 ,& love    ,= me1 8  
great1 8 glori\s dea?4 ,m9e 0 he4       
,:at "t 8 l[ly be>+ puff$ y up1    ,:at 
"t 8 gay p]suasive eloqu5ce    ,made    
easy sport ( y\r pr\d giant-_s4    ,y   
?\ght to dom9ate him q--& 7    ,! ob$i5t
 creature ( 8 deep] plans4    ,t ,i am  
prison]1 is ! s*em$ result    ,( 8 great
 fri5d%ip4 ,to a*ieve my safety    ,he  
wrote t lett] to ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange--   
,o ,god6 ! fir/1 la/ falsehood ( 8 life4
    ,to rescue me he w5t to meet ! ,fate
    ,:i* he has suff]$4 ,) y\r graci\s  
fav\rs    ,y load$ him4 ,he di$ = me4   
,on him    ,y press$ ! fav\rs ( y\r he>t
 & fri5d%ip4    ,y\r sceptre 0 ! play?+ 
( 8 h&s2    ,he ?rew x f him1 & = me he 
di$4    ,sid5ote3 ,fritz ( ,prussia &   
,von ,katte    ,!re is little1 ,i       
believe1 9 ! hi/orical facts relat+ to  
,don  ,k>los to ju/ify ?is tale (       
fri5d%ip2 b !re seems great  probability
 t ! incid5ts 7 transf]r$ by ,s*ill] f !
  hi/ory ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 (         
,prussia1 :5 a y\? at 8 fa!r's  c\rt4 ,!

 devotion t exi/$ betwe5 ! "y ,fr$]ick &
 ,lieut4  ,von ,katte1 ! ang] &         
sev]ities ( ! royal p>5t1 ! suppos$     
conspiracy1 ! emprisonm5t ( ,fr$]ick1 & 
! execution ( ,von  ,katte1 are all     
reproduc$ 9 ,s*ill]'s play4    ,sid5ote3
 ,dea? ( ,von ,katte    ,von ,katte 0 a 
"y man ( good family & /range b *>m+    
p]sonality1 :o1 z soon z he came to     
,c\rt1 be+ ?ree or f\r ye>s  old] ?an   
,fr$]ick1 ex]cis$ a /rong attraction ^u 
! latt]4 ,!  two 7 always toge!r1 &     
f9ally1 enrag$ by ! h>%ness ( !  royal  
fa!r1 !y plott$ flight to ,engl&4 ,!y 7 
arre/$1 &  ,katte1 accus$ ( treason to !
 ?rone1 0 condemn$ to dea?4 ,t  ?is     
s5t5ce 0 pron\nc$1 n s mu* = political  
reasons1 z 9  ord] to d despite to !    
affection betwe5 him & ! ,cr[n ,pr9ce1  
is /rongly sugge/$ by ! circum/ances4   
,von ,katte 0 s5t f a  di/ance 9 ord] to
 be execut$ at ,c/r91 9 ! =tress :]e !  
,pr9ce 0 conf9$1 & ) in/ructions t !    
latt] %\ld witness  8 execution4        
,c>lyle1 9 8 life ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii41     

says3--      8,katte wore1 by ord]1 a   
br[n dress exactly l ! ,pr9ce's2    !   
,pr9ce is already br\ght d[n into a l[] 
room to see    ,katte z he passes1 7to  
see ,katte die has be5 ! royal ord]1    
b !y smuggl$ t into abeyance7 & ,katte  
kn[s he %all    see him40 ,bess]]1 !    
*apla9 ( ! ,g>rison1 quot$ by           
,c>lyle1 describ+ ! sc5e z !y approa*$ !
 ,ca/le1    says3--#8,"h1 aft] long     
wi/ful look+ ab\t1 he did get sight    (
 8 belov$ ,jona?an at a w9d[ 9 ! ,ca/le1
 f :om1 he1    ) polite/ & mo/ t5d]     
expression1 speak+ 9 ,fr5*1    took     
leave1 ) no little emotion ( sorr[4     
8,p>donnez moi1    mon *] ,katte0 cri$  
,fri$ri*4 8,la mort e/ d\ce p\r un si   
aimable ,pr9ce10 said ,katte1 & f>$ on2 
r\nd "s angle (    ! ,=tress x appe>s2 n
 9 sight ( ,fri$ri*1 :o sank 9 a        
fa9t1 & _h se5 8 la/ glimpse ( ,katte 9 
?is _w4'                                
,life ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii41 vol4 #b1 p4     
#dhi4    ,sid5ote3 ,fr$]ick ! ,great    
,fr$]ick's grief & despair 7 extreme = a

 "t4 ,!n 8 royal  fa!r f\nd him a wife1 
9 ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe? ( ,brunswick1 :om
 he  ob$i5tly m>ri$1 b 9 :om he %[$     
little int]e/--_! meet+s  gr[+ r>] & r>]
 till at la/ !y became m]ely =mal4      
,lat]1  & aft] 8 accession1 he sp5t mo/ 
( 8 leisure "t :5 away  f ! c>es ( w> & 
political re-organisation1 at 8 retreat 
at  ,sans-,s\ci1 af> f fem99e society 7a
 fact :i* provok$ ,voltaire's  s>casms71
 & 9 ! society ( 8 philosophic & milit>y
 fri5ds1 to  _m ( :om he 0 mu* atta*$4  
,von ,kupff] has une>!d f 8  poems pr9t$
 at ,sans-,s\ci 9 #agej ! foll[+1       
address$ to ,c\nt ,von  ,kais]l9ck1 a   
favorite companion1 on :om he be/[$ !   
by-"n (  ,ces>ion3--      8,ces>ion1 let
 u keep unspoil$    ,our fai?1 & be true
 fri5ds1    ,& pair our lives l noble   
,greeks1        ,& to l noble ends6     
,t fri5d f fri5d may nev] hide    ,a    
fault ?r\gh weakness or ?ro' pride1     
,or s5tim5t t cloys4    ,?us gold 9 fire
 ! bright] gl[s1    ,& f> m r>e &       
preci\s gr[s1        ,ref9$ f all       

alloys40    ,sid5ote3 ,fr$]ick to       
,ces>ion    ,!re is also 9 ! same       
collection a long & beautiful ode 8,to !
  %ades ( ,ces>ion10 ( :i* ! foll[+ are 
a few l9es3--      8,o ,god6 h[ h>d ! ^w
 ( ,fate6    ,ces>ion dead6 ,8 happy    
days    ,dea? to ! grave has consecrate4
        ,8 *>m ,i m\rn & g5tle grace4   
,he's dead--my t5d]1 fai?ful mate6    ,a
 ?\s& dagg]s pi]ce my he>t2    ,x       
trembles1 torn ) grief & pa94           
,he's gone6 ! dawn comes n aga96    ,?y 
grave's ! goal ( my he>t's /rife2       
,holy %all ?y remembrance be2    ,to !e 
,i p\r$ out love 9 life2        ,& love 
9 dea? ,i v[ to !e40    ,sid5ote3 ,h]d] 
on ,greek ,fri5d%ip    ,johann ,gottfri$
 von ,h]d] 7#agdd-ahjc7 z !ologian1     
philosoph]1  fri5d ( ,goe!1 ,c\rt prea*]
 at ,weim>1 & au?or ( ,ideas on !       
,philosophy ( ,hi/ory has _h a great &  
endur+ reputation4 ,!  foll[+ extract is
 f ! j-m5tion$ book3--      8,nev] has a
 bran* born f9] fruit ?an t little bran*
    ( ,olive1 ,ivy1 & ,p9e1 :i* 0 !     

victor's cr[n among    ! ,greeks4 ,x    
gave to ! "y m5 good looks1 good heal?1 
& good spirits2 x made _! limbs nimble1 
graceful &    well-=m$2 9 _! s\ls x     
light$ ! fir/ sp>ks ( !    desire = good
 "n1 ! love ( fame ev51 & /amp$ on    !m
 ! inviolable temp] ( m5 :o live = _!   
city &    _! c\ntry4 ,f9ally1 :at 0 mo/ 
preci\s1 x laid !    f\ndation 9 _!     
*>act]s ( t pr$ilection = male          
society & fri5d%ip :i* s m>k$ly         
di/+ui%es !    ,greeks4 ,9 ,greece1     
woman 0 n ! "o prize ( life = :i*    !  
"y man f\ght & /rove2 ! lovelie/ ,hel5  
c\ld only    m\ld ! _s ( "o ,p>is1 ev5  
?\gh h] beauty might be    ! covet$     
object ( all manly val\r4 ,! fem99e sex1
 despite    ! spl5did examples ( e      
virtue t x exhibit$ 9    ,greece1 z     
else:]e1 rema9$ !re only a second>y     
object (    ! manly life4 ,! ?\ghts (   
aspir+ y\?s rea*$ t[>ds    some?+ high]4
 ,! bond ( fri5d%ip :i* !y knitt$ among 
!mselves or ) gr[n m51 compell$ !m into 
a s*ool :i*    ,aspasia h]self c\ld     

h>dly h introduc$ !m to2 s t 9    _m ( !
 /ates ( ,greece manly love became      
surr\nd$ &    accompani$ by ^?          
intellig5t & educational influ5ces1 t   
p]man5ce ( "* & devotion1 ^: s5tim5t &  
mean+    we read ( 9 ,plato almo/ z if 9
 a romance f "s f>    planet40          
,sid5ote3 ,von ,kupff] on ,e?ics &      
,politics    ,elis> von ,kupff]1 9 !    
introduction to 8 ,an?ology1 f :i* ,i  h
 already quot$ a few extracts1 speaks at
 "s l5g? on ! great  e?ical & political 
significance ( a lov+ comrade%ip4 ,he   
says3--      8,9 op5 l9kage & atta*m5t  
to ea* o!r ought y\? to    rejoice 9    
y\?4 ,9 atta*m5t to ano!r1 "o loses !   
habit    ( ?9k+ only ( self4 ,9 ! love &
 t5d] c>e &    in/ruction t ! y\?       
receives f 8 lov] he le>ns f    boyhood 
up to recognise ! good ( self-sacrifice 
& devotion2    & 9 ! love :i* he %[s1   
:e!r 9 ! small] or !    great] (f]+s (  
an intimate fri5d%ip1 he accu/oms       
himself    to self-sacrifice = ano!r4 ,9
 ?is way ! "y man is e>ly    nurtur$    

into a memb] ( ! ,community--to a useful
 memb] &    n "o :o has self & only self
 9 m9d4 ,& h[ mu* clos]    ?us does unit
 gr[ to unit1 till inde$ ! :ole comes to
 feel    itself a :ole6444      8,!     
close relation%ip betwe5 two m5 has ?is 
fur!r    result--t folk in/9ctively & n 
)\t reason judge    ( "o f ! o!r2 s t   
%\ld ! "o be wor?y &    honorable1 he   
naturally w be anxi\s t ! o!r %\ld    n 
br+ a slur ^u him4 ,?us !re arises a    
bond ( moral    responsibility ) reg>d  
to "*4 ,& :at c be ( m    advantage to !
 community ?an t ! individual memb]s    
%\ld feel responsible = ea* o!r8 ,surely
 x is j t    :i* con/itutes national    
s5tim5t1 & ! /r5g? ( a    p1 namely1 t x
 %\ld =m a complete :ole 9 itself1      
:]e ea* unit feels lock$ & l9k$ ) !     
o!rs4 ,su*    unions may be ( ! greate/ 
social value1 z 9 ! case (    ! family4 
,& x is especially 9 ! h\r ( dang] t !  
effect ( ?is unity ( feel+ %[s itself2 =
 :]e "o man    /&s or falls ) ano!r1 :]e
 glad self-sacrifice1 le>nt    9        

boyhood1 becomes s to speak1 a w>m-he>t$
 in/9ct1 !re    is develop$ a p[] (     
incalculable import1 a p[] t folly      
alone c hold *eap4 ,inde$1 !            
unconqu]able =ce ( ^!    unions has     
already be5 practically %[n1 z 9 !      
,sacr$    ,b& ( ! ,!bans :o f\ght to its
 bitt] end ! battle (    ,leuctra2 &1   
psy*ologically speak+1 ! explanation is 
mo/    natural2 = :]e "o p]son feels    
himself unit$1 body &    s\l to ano!r1  
is x n natural t he %\ld put =? all    8
 p[]s 9 ord] to help ! o!r1 9 ord] to   
manife/ 8    love = him 9 e way8 ,if any
 "o _c or w n p]ceive    ?is we may     
inde$ well d\bt ei!r ! intellig5ce ( 8  
head    or ! morality ( 8 he>t40        
,sid5ote3 ,fri$ri* ,rck]t to 8 ,fri5d   
,fri$ri* ,rck]t 7#aghh-ahff71 ,pr(essor 
( ,ori5tal ,lit]ature 9  ,b]l91 wrote   
v]ses 9 memory ( 8 fri5d ,joseph        
,kopp3--      8,h[ %all ,i "k myself )\t
 !e1    ,:o knew myself z "p ( !e8    ,i
 only "k "o half is vani%$1    ,& half  
alone is left1 ( me4    ,nev] aga9 my   

prop] m9d    ,i'll "k2 = !e ,i'll nev]  
f9d4      ,nev] aga91 out !re 9 space1  
,i'll f9d !e2 b "h1 deep )94    ,i see1 
?o' n 9 dreams1 ?y face2    ,my wak+    
eyes ?y pres5ce w91    ,& all my ?\ght &
 poesy    ,are b my (f]+ to !e4      444
      ,my ,jona?an1 n[ ha/ ?\ fl$1    ,&
 ,i to weep ?y loss rema92    ,if       
,david's h>p might grace my h&s    ,o   
might x help to ease my pa96    ,my     
fri5d1 my ,joseph1 true ( fai?1    ,9   
life s lov$--s lov$ 9 dea?40            
,sid5ote3 ,r\gh ,wea!r ,fri5ds    ,& !  
foll[+ are by ,joseph ,kitir1 an        
,au/rian poet3--      8,n :]e brea?+    
roses bless    ,! night1 or summ] airs  
c>ess2    ,n 9 ,nature's sacr$ grove2   
,no1 b at a tap-room table1    ,sitt+ 9 
! w9d[-gable    ,did we plight our tro? 
( love4      ,no fair lime tree's ro(+  
%ade    ,by ! spr+ w9d g5tly sway$      
,=m$ = u a b[] ( bliss2    ,no1         
/ormb\nd1 b love-int5t1    ,!re aga9/ ! 
damp wall b5t    ,we two b>t]$ kiss =   
kiss4      ,!re=e %alt ?\1 ,love s r>e  

7,*ild ( /orms & w9try air71    ,n l    
,spr+'s sweet fragrance fade4    ,ev5 9 
sorr[ ?\ %alt fl\ri%1    ,fro/ %all n   
make !e afraid1    ,& 9 /orms ?\ %alt n 
p]i%40    ,sid5ote3 ,ludwig ,,ii4 to    
,ri*>d ,wagn]    ,on p4 #aed1 #aee above
 are giv5 "s lett]s ( ,ri*>d ,wagn]     
relative to  ,ludwig ,,ii4's deep       
atta*m5t to him4 ,bel[ are "s ( ! actual
 lett]s  ( ,ludwig to ,wagn]4 7,see     
,pr(4 ,c4 ,bey]'s book1 ,ludwig ,,ii41  
,knig von  ,bay]n47      8,de> ,fri5d1  
,o ,i see cle>ly t y\r suff]+s are      
deep-root$6 ,y tell me1 belov$ fri5d1 t 
y h look$    deep into ! he>ts ( m51 &  
se5 !re ! villa9y &    corruption t     
dwells )94 ,yes1 ,i believe y1 & ,i c   
well und]/& t mom5ts come to y ( disgu/ 
) !    human race2 yet always w we      
rememb] 7w we n1 belov$87    t !re are  
yet _m noble & good p1 = :om x is a     
real pleasure to live & "w4 ,& yet y say
 y are no use    = ?is _w6--,i pray y1 d
 n despair1 y\r true fri5d    conjures  
y2 h ,c\rage3 #8,love helps u to be> &  

suff] all    ?+s1 love br+s at la/ !    
victor's cr[n6' ,love recognises1    ev5
 9 ! mo/ corrupt1 ! g]m ( good2 %e alone
 ov]comes    all6--,live on1 d>l+ ( my  
s\l4 ,i recall y\r own words to y4      
,to le>n to =get is a noble "w6--,let u 
be c>eful to hide    ! faults ( o!rs2 x 
0 = all m5 inde$ t ! ,savi\r    di$ &   
suff]$4 ,& n[1 :at a pity t #8,tri/an' c
 n be    pres5t$ to-day2 w x p]haps     
to-morr[8 ,is !re any *ance8            
,unto dea? y\r fai?ful fri5d1           
,,ludwig40      #ae? ,may1 #ahfe4       
8,purs*l+1 #d? ,aug41 #ahfe4      8,my  
"o1 my mu*-lov$ ,fri5d1--,y express to  
me y\r sorr[    t1 z x seems to y1 ea*  
"o ( our la/ meet+s has only    br\ght  
pa9 & anxiety to me4--,mu/ ,i !n rem9d  
my lov$    "o ( ,brynhilda's words8--,n 
only 9 gladness & enjoym5t1    b 9      
suff]+ also ,love makes man ble/4444 ,:5
 does my    fri5d ?9k ( com+ to !       
#8,hill-,top1' to ! woodl&'s    aromatic
 breezes8--,%\ld a /ay 9 t p>ticul> spot
 n    altoge!r suit1 :y1 ,i beg my de>  

"o to *oose any ( my o!r    m\nta9-cab9s
 = 8 resid5ce4--,:at is m9e is 86       
,p]haps    we may meet on ! way betwe5 !
 ,wood & ! ,_w1 z my    fri5d express$  
x6444 ,to !e ,i am :olly devot$2 = !e1  
= !e only to live6                      
,unto dea? y\r own1 y\r fai?ful         
,,ludwig40      8,hoh5s*wangau1 #bnd    
,nov41 #ahfe4      8,my "o ,fri5d1 my   
ard5tly belov$6 ,?is aft]noon1 at #c4cj1
    ,i return$ f a glori\s t\r 9        
,switz]l&6 ,h[ ?is l&    delight$       
me6--,!re ,i f\nd y\r de> lett]2 deepe/ 
w>me/    ?anks = ! same4 ,) new & burn+ 
en?usiasm has x    fill$ me2 ,i see t ! 
belov$ m>*es boldly & confid5tly        
=w>d1 t[>ds our great & et]nal goal4    
8,all h9drances ,i w victori\sly l a h]o
 ov]come4 ,i am    entirely at ?y       
disposal2 let me n[ dutifully prove     
x4--,yes1 we    mu/ meet & speak toge!r4
 ,i w bani% all evil cl\ds2 ,love    has
 /r5g? = all4 ,y are ! /> t %9es ^u my  
life1    & ! sight ( y ev] wond]fully   
/r5g!ns me4--,ard5tly    ,i long = y1 ,o

 my presid+ ,sa9t1 to :om ,i pray6 ,i   
%\ld    be imm5sely pleas$ to see my    
fri5d "h 9 ab\t a week2 oh1    we h     
pl5ty to say6 ,if only ,i c\ld q bani% f
 me !    curse ( :i* y speak1 & s5d x   
back to ! deeps ( night    f :5ce x     
sprang6--,h[ ,i love1 h[ ,i love y1 my  
"o1 my    highe/ good6444      8,my     
en?usiasm & love = y are b\ndless4 ,once
 m ,i swe>    y fai? till dea?6         
,ev]1 ev] y\r devot$                    
,,ludwig40    ,sid5ote3 ,byron's ,calm> 
& ,orla    ,byron's 8,dea? ( ,calm> &   
,orla3 an ,imitation ( ,ossian10 is1 l 8
  8,nisus & ,euryalus0 7see above1 p4   
#afc71 a /ory ( two h]o-fri5ds  :o1     
refus+ to be sep>at$1 die toge!r 9      
battle3--      8,9 ,morv5 dwelt ! *ief2 
a beam ( w> to ,f+al4 ,8 /eps    9 !    
field 7 m>k$ 9 blood4 ,lo*l9's sons _h  
fl$    be=e 8 angry spe>2 b mild 0 ! eye
 ( ,calm>2 s(t 0    ! fl[ ( 8 yell[     
locks3 !y /ream$ l ! meteor (    !      
night4 ,no maid 0 ! sigh ( 8 s\l3 8     
?\ghts 7    giv5 to fri5d%ip--to        

d>k-hair$ ,orla1 de/roy] ( h]oes6       
,equal 7 _! swords 9 battle2 b fi]ce 0 !
 pride (    ,orla--g5tle alone to       
,calm>4 ,toge!r !y dwelt 9 ! cave (     
,oi?ona40 ,orla is s5t by ! ,k+ on a    
mission ( dang] amid    ! ho/s ( !      
enemy4 ,calm> insi/s on accompany+ him1 
9    spite ( all entreaties to !        
contr>y4 ,!y are discov]$4 ,a    fight  
ensues1 & !y are sla94 8,morn glimm]s on
 ! hills3    no liv+ foe is se52 b !    
sleep]s are _m2 grim !y lie    on ,er94 
,! breeze ( ocean lifts _! locks2 yet !y
 d n    awake4 ,! hawks scream above _! 
prey4      8,^: yell[ locks wave o'er ! 
brea/ ( a *ief8 ,bright z    ! gold ( ! 
/rang] !y m+le ) ! d>k hair ( 8         
fri5d4 ',tis ,calm>3 he lies on ! bosom 
( ,orla4 ,!irs is "o    /ream ( blood4  
,fi]ce is ! look ( gloomy ,orla4 ,he    
brea!s    n1 b 8 eye is /ill aflame4 ,x 
gl>es 9 dea? unclos$4    ,8 h& is grasp$
 9 ,calm>'s2 b ,calm> lives6 ,he lives1 
?\gh l[4 #8,rise1' said ! ,k+1 #8,rise1 
son ( ,mora3 'tis m9e    to heal ! w\nds

 ( h]oes4 ,calm> may yet b\nd on ! hills
    ( ,morv54'      8#8,nev] m %all     
,calm> *ase ! de] ( ,morv5 ) ,orla1'    
said ! h]o4 #8,:at 7 ! *ase to me alone8
 ,:o %\ld %>e    ! spoils ( battle )    
,calm>8 ,orla is at re/4 ,r\gh 0    ?y  
s\l1 ,orla6 ,yet s(t to me z ! dew (    
morn4 ,x gl>$ on    o!rs 9 lightn+3 to  
me a silv] beam ( night4 ,be> my sword  
to blue-ey$ ,mora2 let x hang 9 my empty
 hall4 ,x is n pure    f blood3 b x c\ld
 n save ,orla4 ,lay me ) my fri5d4      
,raise ! song :5 ,i am dead4'0 ,s !y are
 laid by ! /ream    ( ,lub>1 & f\r gray 
/ones m>k ! dwell+ ( ,orla &    ,calm>4 
,sid5ote3 ,hckel's ,visit to ,ceylon    
,ern/ ,hckel1 9 8 8,visit to ,ceylon0   
describes ! devotion ent]ta9$  = him by 
8 ,rodiya s]v+-boy at ,belligam1 ne>    
,galle4 ,! keep] (  ! re/-h\se at       
,belligam 0 an old &                    
philosophically-m9d$ man1  :om ,hckel1 f
 8 lik5ess to a well kn[n head1 c\ld n  
help  call+ by ! "n ( ,socrates4 ,& he  
cont9ues3--    ,sid5ote3 ,8 ,rodiya ,boy

      8,x really seem$ z ?\gh ,i %\ld be
 pursu$ by ! famili>    aspects (       
classical antiquity f ! fir/ mom5t ( my 
arrival at my idyllic home4 ,=1 z       
,socrates l$ me up ! /eps    ( ! op5    
c5tral hall ( ! re/-h\se1 ,i saw be=e   
me1 )    uplift$ arms 9 an attitude (   
pray]1 a beautiful nak$ br[n    figure1 
:i* c\ld be no?+ else ?an ! fam\s /atue 
( !    #8,y\? ador+4' ,h[ surpris$ ,i 0 
:5 ! graceful bronze    /atue sudd5ly   
came to life1 & dropp+ 8 arms fell on 8 
knees1 &1 aft] rais+ 8 black eyes       
implor+ly to m9e1    b[$ 8 h&some face s
 l[ at my feet t 8 long black    hair   
fell on ! floor6 ,socrates in=m$ me t   
?is boy 0 a    ,p>iah1 a memb] ( ! l[e/ 
ca/e1 ! ,rodiyas1 :o _h lo/    8 p>5ts  
at an e>ly age1 s he _h tak5 pity on    
him4 ,he 0    told (f to my exclusive   
s]vice1 _h no?+ to d ! livelong    day b
 obey my wi%es1 & 0 a good boy1 sure to 
d 8 duty    punctually4 ,9 answ] to ! "q
 :at ,i 0 to call my new    body-s]vant1
 ! old man in=m$ me t 8 "n 0 ,gamam$a4  

,( c\rse ,i imm$iately ?\ght ( ,ganym$e1
 = ! favorite (    ,jove himself c\ld n 
h be5 m f9ely made1 or h _h    limbs m  
beautifully proportion$ & m\ld$4 ,z     
,gamam$a also    display$ a peculi>     
tal5t z butl]1 & nev] all[$ anyone      
else to op5 me a cocoa-nut or (f] me a  
glass ( palm w9e1 x    0 no m ?an "r t  
,i %\ld dub him ,ganym$e4      8,among !
 _m beautiful figures :i* move 9 !      
=egr\nd    ( my memories ( ! p>adise (  
,ceylon1 ,ganym$e rema9s "o    ( my     
de>e/ favorites4 ,n only did he fulfil 8
 duties )    ! greate/ att5tion &       
consci5ti\sness1 b he develop$ a        
p]sonal atta*m5t & devotion to me :i*   
t\*$ me deeply4    ,! poor boy1 z a     
mis]able outca/ ( ! ,rodiya ca/e1 _h    
be5 f 8 bir? ! object ( ! deepe/        
contempt ( 8    fell[-m51 & subject$ to 
e sort ( brutality &    ill-treatm5t4 ,)
 ! s+le exception ( old ,socrates1 :o   
0 n too g5tle ) him ei!r1 no "o p]haps  
_h ev]    c>$ = him 9 any way4 ,he 0    
evid5tly z mu* surpris$ z    delight$ to

 f9d me will+ to be k9d to him f !      
fir/4444    ,i owe _m beautiful &       
valuable contributions to my museum     
to ,ganym$e's unfail+ zeal & dext]ity4  
,) ! ke5 eye1    ! neat h&1 & ! supple  
agility ( ! ,c+halese y\?1    he c\ld   
cat* a flutt]+ mo? or a glid+ fi% )     
equal    promptitude2 & 8 nimbl5ess 0   
really amaz+1 :51 out    hunt+1 he      
climb$ ! tall trees l a cat1 or scrambl$
    ?r\gh ! d5se/ jungle to recov] !    
prize ,i _h kill$40    ,my ,visit to    
,ceylon1 by ,ern/ ,hckel1 p4 #bjj4      
7,kegan ,paul1    ,tr5*  ,co41 #ahhc74  
,hckel /ay$ "s weeks 9 & ar\nd          
,belligam2 & cont9ues1 7p4 #bgb73--     
8,on my return to ,belligam ,i _h to    
face "o ( ! h>de/ duties    ( my :ole   
/ay 9 ,ceylon3 to te> myself away f ?is 
lovely    spot ( e>?1 :]e ,i _h sp5t six
 ( ! happie/ & mo/    int]e/+ weeks 9 my
 life4444 ,b h>de/ ( all 0 !    p>t+ f  
my fai?ful ,ganym$e2 ! poor lad wept    
bitt]ly1    & implor$ me to take him )  
me to ,europe4 ,9 va9 _h ,i    assur$   

him t x 0 impossible1 & told him ( our  
*ill    climate & dull skies4 ,he clung 
to my knees & decl>$ t    he w\ld foll[ 
me unhesitat+ly :]ev] ,i w\ld take him4 
,i    0 at la/ almo/ oblig$ to use =ce  
to free myself f 8    embrace4 ,i got   
into ! c>riage :i* 0 wait+1 & z ,i      
wav$ a la/ f>ewell to my good br[n      
fri5ds1 ,i almo/ felt z    if ,i _h be5 
expell$ f ,p>adise40    ,sid5ote3 ,edw>d
 ,fitzg]ald's fri5d%ips    ,edw>d       
,fitzg]ald1 ! int]pret] & translator (  
,om> ,khayyam1 0  a man ( ! deepe/ feel+
 & s5sibility1 ) a special gift =       
fri5d%ip4 ,m5 l ,t5nyson & ,?ack]ay     
decl>$ t !y lov$ him  be/ ( all _!      
fri5ds4 ,he himself said 9 "o ( 8 lett]s
 8,my  fri5d%ips are m l loves40 ,a4 ,c4
 ,b5son1 8 biograph]1 writes (  him3--  
8,he 0 always tak+ fancies1 & once "u ! 
spell he c\ld    see no faults 9 8      
fri5d4 ,8 fri5d%ip = ,br[ne arose out   
( "o ( ^! romantic impulses4 ,s too 8   
affection = ,po%1    ! boatman2 =       
,c[ell1 & = ,alfr$ ,smi?1 ! f>m] (      

,f>l+ay & ,b\lge1 :o _h be5 8 protg z a 
boy4 ,he seems    to h be5 "o ( ^? ^:   
be/ fri5d%ips are res]v$ =    m52 = ?\gh
 he _h belov$ wom5 fri5ds l ,mrs4 ,c[ell
    & ,mrs4 ,kemble1 yet ^! are !       
exceptions r ?an !    rule4 ,! tru? is1 
!re 0 a /rong admixture ( ! fem99e    9 
,fitzg]ald's "*40 ,fitzg]ald1 ,engli%   
,m5 ( ,lett]s    ,s]ies1 *4 viii4       
,sid5ote3 ,fitzg]ald & ,po%    ,!       
fri5d%ip ) ,po%1 ! fi%]man1 at ,l[e/(t &
 at ,woodbridge1  la/$ ov] _m ye>s4     
,fitzg]ald _h a h]r+-lugg] built = him1 
:i* he call$ ! ,meum & ,tuum1 & 9 :i* !y
 _h _m a sail  toge!r4 ,b5son1 speak+ ( 
_! fir/ meet+1 says3--      8,9 ! same  
ye> #ahfd came ano!r great fri5d%ip4 ,he
 made    ! acqua9tance ( a /alw>t sailor
 nam$ ,joseph ,flet*]1    commonly call$
 ,po%4 ,x 0 at ,l[e/(t t he 0 f\nd1     
:]e ,fitzg]ald us$1 z he wrote 9 #ahej1 
#8to w&] ab\t    ! %ore at night long+ =
 "s fell[ to acco/ me :o    might give  
"s promise ( fill+ up a v vacant place 9
 my    he>t4' ,po% _h se5 ! melan*oly   

figure w&]+ ab\t1    & ye>s aft]1 :5    
,fitz us$ to ask him :y he _h n be5     
m]ciful en\gh to speak to him1 ,po% w\ld
 reply t he _h    n ?\ght x becom+4 ,po%
 01 9 ,fitzg]ald's own words1 #8a    man
 ( ! f9e/ ,saxon type1 ) a complexion1  
vif1 mle et    flamboyant1 blue eyes1 a 
nose less ?an ,roman1 m ?an ,greek1    &
 /rictly auburn hair t woman might sigh 
to possess4'    ,he 0 too1 accord+ to   
,fitz1 #8a man ( simplicity ( s\l1      
ju/ice ( ?\ght1 t5d]ness ( nature1 a    
g5tleman ( ,nature's    gr&e/ type4'    
,fitz became deeply devot$ to ?is       
big-h&$1    s(t-he>t$1 grave fell[1 !n  
#bd ye>s ( age40                        
,ibid1 *4 iii4          ,,footnotes     
#a ,?is curi\s oracle seems purposely to
 confuse ! s+ul> &  plural4    #b       
,digression 9 praise ( ! political      
adm9i/ration ( !  ,pisi/ratid4    #c 8,=
 ! two m5 liv$ toge!r1 & _h _!          
possessions 9  common40 ,iambli*us1 de  
,vita ,py?agor bk4 i4 *4 #cc4    #d 8,= 
n[ we see by means ( a mirror d>kly     

7lit4  enigmatically72 b !n face to     
face2 n[ ,i "k 9 "p2 b !n  %all ,i "k   
ev5 z also ,i am kn[n40 #a ,cor4 xiii4  
#ab4    #e ,se5 )9 ! fl[] we call       
,l>kspur4    #f ,! ,sun4    #g ,b5ecke1 
,woman 9 ,greek ,poetry1 traces a g]m ( 
?is romance  ev5 9 ,greek days4    #h   
8,de la ,s]vitude ,volontaire04    #i ,z
 ,:itman 9 ?is connection 7l ,t5nyson 9 
connection )  ,9 ,memoriam7 is sure to  
be accus$ ( morbidity1 x may be wor?    
:ile to ins]t ! foll[+ note f ,9 re     
,walt ,:itman1 p4  #aae1 8,dr4 ,dr9k>d 9
 #ahgj1 :5 ,:itman broke d[n f rupture (
  a small blood-vessel 9 ! bra91 wrote  
to a ,philadelphia doctor  detail+      
,:itman's case1 & /at+ t he 0 a man #8) 
!  mo/ natural habits1 bases1 &         
organisation he _h ev] se54'0           
,index          ,,index        ,a*illes 
& ,patroclus1 #de1 #fh et seq41 #gd1 #he
      s*ylus1 on ,a*illes1 #gb1 #gc     
,african ,cu/oms1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #ad       
,aga?on1 epigram to1 by ,plato1 #gi     
,agesilaus & ,lys&]1 #ag      ,albania1 

,cu/oms1 #bj1 #ba      ,alex&] ! ,great 
& ,heph/ion1 #ahh      ,amis & ,amile1  
/ory (1 #ajf      ,anacreon1 epigram1   
#gg2      to ,ba?yllus1 #gg      ,anne1 
,pr9cess1 & ,lady ,*ur*ill1 #adf        
,anselm's lett]s to bro!r ,monks1 #ajd2 
to ,lanfranc1 #ajd2      to ,gondulph1  
#aje      ,apollo & ,hyac9?1 #hh        
,arabia1 cu/oms1 #ab1 #aji1 #aai        
,ar*idamus & ,cleonymus1 #ag            
,ari/ophanes1 spee* (1 #ea et seq4      
,ari/otle quot$1 #ahe      ,a/]1        
epigrams to1 by ,plato1 #gh      ,a!nu  
quot$1 #be1 #bh1 #gd1 #adg              
,augu/9e1 ,sa9t1 8 fri5d1 #ii et seq4   
,bacon1 ,francis1 quot$1 #acg           
,bagdad ,d]vi%1 /ory (1 #aaf2      ano!r
 /ory1 #agg      ,balonda1 c]emonies    
among1 #d      ,banyai1 cu/oms among !1 
#ad      ,b>nfield1 ,ri*>d1 8,!         
,affectionate ,%ephe>d10 #acc2          
,sonnets1 #acd et seq4      ,baylis1 ,j4
 ,w41 quot$1 #cf1 #ij                   
,beaconsfield1 ,"l1 on boy-fri5d%ips1   
#afh      ,beaumont & ,flet*]1 #aia et  

seq4      ,b5gali coolies1 #g           
,b5ecke1 ,e4 ,f4 ,m41 quot$1 #fh1 #ig   
,b]n>d1 ,sa9t1 #ajc      ,bion quot$1   
#hf      ,blood1 mutual ta/+ (1 #e      
,br[ne1 ,sir ,?omas1 8,religio ,m$ici0  
quot$1 #add      ,br[n+1 ,rob]t1 poem   
by1 #agd      ,bruno1 ,giordano1 quot$1 
#acj      ,buck+ham1 ,j4 ,s41 ,travels 9
 ,assyria1 c41 #aae et seq4      ,butl]1
 ,lady ,e41 & ,miss ,ponsonby1 #afa1    
#afb      ,byron1 lett] to ,miss ,pigot1
 #afj2      fri5d%ip ) ,eddle/on1 #afa2 
p>aphrase ( /ory ( ,nisus & ,euryalus1  
#afc2      comm5ts by ,t4 ,moore1 #afd2 
/ory ( ,calm> & ,orla1 #bag             
,callias & ,autolycus1 #ei      ,calm> &
 ,orla1 #bag      ,c>lyle1 ,t41 on      
,fritz ( ,prussia & von ,katte1 #bje    
,catullus1 #hi2      to ,qu9tius1 #ib2  
to ,juv5tius1 #ib2      to ,lic9ius1 #ic
      ,*rona1 battle (1 #bb1 #bc1 #fh   
,*>iton & ,melanippus1 #ae2      /ory (1
 #bi      ,*ivalry1 cu/oms (1 9 ,arabia 
& ,africa1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad      ,*ivalry1 
m$ival1 comp>$ ) ,greek fri5d%ip1 #ae1  

#de1 #dg      ,*ri/ian influ5ces1 #ig et
 seq4      ,*ri/ian & ,greek ,ideals    
comp>$1 #ih      ,cleoma*us1 /ory (1 #bg
      ,comrade-atta*m5t1 in/itution 9 ! 
e>ly _w1 #a et seq41          #da1 #df1 
#agg1 c42      ess5tial "p ( ,greek     
civilisation1 #da1 #db et seq41 #bjh1   
#bji2      romance (1 #db1 #df1 #dg1    
#eb1 #ec1 #ef-fj1 #fh et seq42          
h]oic quality1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #af1      
#ba-be1 #bh1 #ca-cg1 #ej1 #ea1 c42      
,educational value1 #af-ba1 #df1 #di1   
#gd1 #baj1 #baa2      relation to       
*ivalry1 #aa-af1 #de1 #dg1 #ig2         
relation to ,politics1 #db1 #df1 #di1   
#ej1 #ii1 #adg1 #baa1 #bab2             
relation to ,philosophy1 #cj1 #dg-fc2   
relation to ! ,div9e ,love1 #dh1 #ed-ei1
 #fc1 #acj1 #acb1 #acc1 #ade            
,crat9us & ,ari/odemus1 #ae      ,crete1
 cu/oms1 #ag        ,damon & ,py?ias1   
#h2      /ory (1 #cf      ,dante quot$1 
#fi      ,david & ,jona?an1 #f1 #g1 #ae1
 #ajh      ,democratic ,vi/as quot$1    
#agh      ,dick9son1 ,g4 ,l41 quot$1    

#de1 #ge      ,diocles1 tomb hon\r$ by  
lov]s1 #bj1 #hb      ,diocles &         
,philolaus1 #ae1 #ai      ,diom$es &    
,/h5elus1 #de      ,diotima !           
prophetess1 #ec1 #abi      ,don ,k>los &
 ! ,m>quis ( ,posa1 #aii et seq4        
,dorian cu/oms1 #af et seq4             
,ea/]n c\ntries & poets1 #aji           
,eighte5? ,c5tury1 influ5ce (1 #adg     
,em]son1 ,r4 ,w41 essay on fri5d%ip1    
#age      ,epam9ondas1 #bh1 #bi2      & 
,pelopidas1 #ahe      ,epigrams1 ,greek 
,an?ology1 #hj2      ( ,plato1 #gh1 #gi 
,epitaph1 ,greek ,an?ology1 #hj         
,ex*ange ( gifts1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #ah1 #cf2 
( names1 #e1 #f2      ( fl[]s1 #g       
,fitzg]ald1 ,edw>d1 fri5d%ip = ,t5nyson1
 ,?ack]ay & o!rs1          #bbb2        
devotion to ,flet*]1 or #8,po%1' !      
sailor1 #bbc1 #bbd      ,flet*]1 ,john1 
lam5t = ,francis ,beaumont1 #aid        
,fl[] ,fri5ds1 #g      ,fraunce1        
,abraham1 translation ( ,virgil1 #ia    
,fr$]ick ! ,great1 8 fri5d%ip ) von     
,katte1 #bjd et seq42      poems by1    

#bjg      ,frey1 ,ludwig1 quot$1 #de1   
#adi        ,gamam$a or ,ganym$e1 #bbj  
,ganym$e1 #eg1 #hb      ,g]mans1        
primitive1 #aa1 #ac      ,g]many1 mod]n1
 #adg et seq4      ,goe!1 on ,w9ckelmann
 & ,greek fri5d%ips1 #adi2      poem by1
 #aej      ,greek fri5d%ip comp>$ )     
m$ival *ivalry1 #ae1 #de1 #dg           
,hckel1 ,ern/1 & 8 ,rodiya boy 9        
,ceylon1 #bai et seq4      ,hafiz quot$1
 #aac1 #aij      ,hallam1 ,ar?ur1 &     
,t5nyson1 #afi et seq4      ,h>modius & 
,ari/ogeiton1 #ae1 #bh2      /ory (1 #cb
      ,hazlitt1 ,wm41 ,life ( ,montaigne
 quot$1 #abd      ,heph/ion1 favorite ( 
,alex&] ! ,great1 #ahh      ,h]cules &  
,iolu1 #bc1 #be1 #dd      ,h]d] on      
,greek fri5d%ip1 #bjh1 #bji             
,h]maphrodites1 #eb      ,hom]'s ,iliad1
 motive (1 #fh-gb      ,hyac9?1 favorite
 ( ,apollo1 #hg2      /ory (1 #hh       
,idom5eus & ,m]iones1 #de      8,9      
,memoriam10 ,t5nyson's1 revil$ by !     
8,times10 #afi2      quot$1 #agj et seq4
      ,iolu1 #bc1 #be1 #dd              

,jalal-ud-d9 ,rumi1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aaa    
,jeal\sy 9 fri5d%ip1 #i        ,kas5di1 
an ,african c]emony1 #e      ,khalifa at
 ,kh>t\m1 #ab      ,kitir1 ,joseph1     
v]ses by1 #bac        ,lac$monians1     
cu/oms among1 #be      ,ladies1 !1 (    
,llangoll51 #afa1 #afb      8,leaves (  
,grass0 quot$1 #agi-aha      ,leigh     
,hunt on s*ool-fri5d%ips1 #aff1 #afg    
,lov] answ]able = 8 fri5d1 #ah2         
disgraceful = a y\? n to h a lov]1 ibid 
,lov]s inv9cible 9 battle1 #aa1 #ab1    
#ac1 #bc1 #bd1 #bh      ,lucian quot$1  
#ce      ,ludwig ( ,bav>ia & ,r4 ,wagn]1
 #aec et seq42      lett]s to ,wagn]1   
#bad et seq4        ,macaulay's ,hi/ory 
( ,engl& quot$1 #ade1 #adf      ,maid's 
,trag$y quot$1 #aie      ,manganjas1    
c]emonies among1 #e      ,mania1 div9e1 
#ed      ,m>quesas ,isl&s1 #i           
,m>tial's epigrams quot$1 #id           
,maximus ,tyrius quot$1 #abi      8,may 
& ,dea?10 poem by ,br[n+1 #agd          
,melantius & ,am9tor1 #aie              
,meleag]1 v]ses by1 #gi      ,melville1 

,h]man1 quot$1 #h et seq4      ,mi*el   
,angelo1 ,sonnets1 #abi2      quot$1    
#aca et seq4      ,milit>y ,comrade%ip1 
#aa et seq4      ,mona/ic life1 fri5d%ip
 91 #ig1 #ajc et seq4      ,montaigne & 
,/eph5 de la ,botie1 #abc et seq42      
on m>riage1 #abe      ,montalemb]t      
quot$1 #ajc et seq4      ,moore1 ,t41 on
 ,byron's fri5d%ips1 #afd      ,mos*us1 
lam5t = ,bion1 #hf      ,mulamir91 or   
bodygu>d ( ,khalifa1 #ac      ,mll]1    
,hi/ory & ,antiquities ( ! ,doric ,race1
 #af et seq4        ,niobe1 ! sons (1   
#bf1 #bg        ,ore/es & ,pylades1 #ae1
 #dd2      /ory (1 #ce        ,p>m5ides 
& ,z5o1 #cj      ,patroclus & ,a*illes1 
#de1 #fh1 #gd1 #he      ,p5n1 ,william1 
quot$1 #ade      ,p]sia1 cu/oms1 #aji1  
#aai      ,p]sian ,poetry1 #aaj et seq41
 #ahi1 #aij      ,phd1 /ory (1 #ca      
,phdrus ( ,plato1 #dg1 #di1 #ee         
,pheidias & ,pant>kes1 #cj      ,philip 
( ,mac$on & ! ,!ban ,b&1 #bc      ,p9d> 
to ,!ox5os1 #gh2      see also #aec     
,plat51 ,c\nt ,augu/ von1 #aea2         

sonnets to 8 fri5d ,k>l ,!odor ,g]man1  
#aea1 #aeb2      sonnet on dea? ( ,p9d>1
 #aec      ,plato quot$1 #af1 #dh et    
seq41 #gb1 #gc2      epigrams1 #gh      
,plut>* quot$1 #bb1 #bf1 #bg1 #fa et    
seq42      ref]r$ to1 #abc      ,polemon
 & ,krates1 #ahg      ,polynesian       
,apollo1 #i      ,polynesian cu/oms1 #h 
et seq4      #8,po%' & ,edw>d           
,fitzg]ald1 #bbc1 #bbd      ,pott]1     
,ar*bi%op1 quot$1 #adg                  
,raffalovi* quot$1 #aea                 
,rem9isc5ce1 true love a1 #ee-ei        
,r5aissance1 influ5ce (1 #ii1 #abc      
,rck]t1 v]ses to 8 fri5d1 ,joseph ,kopp1
 #ba        ,saadi quot$1 #aac1 #ahi1   
#aij      ,sacr$ ,b&1 see ,!ban ,b&     
,sacr$ness ( fri5d%ip 9 ! e>ly _w1 #aj1 
#cg1 #de      ,sappho1 #ge2      to     
,lesbia1 #gf      ,s*ill] quot$1 #aih et
 seq4      ,s*ool-fri5d%ips1 #afe et    
seq4      ,s5tim5t ( ,comrade%ip1       
influ5c$ by ,*ri/ianity1 #ig et seq42   
by ! ,r5aissance1 #ii1 #abc2      its   
place 9 ! mona/ic life1 #ig1 #ajc et    

seq42      9 mod]n ,democracy1 #agh1    
#baa      ,%akespe>e1 #abh1 #ach1 #aeb2 
sonnets quot$1 #aci et seq42            
,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 #adb2      ,h5ry ,v41 
#adc      ,%elley1 ,adonais1 #hf2       
essay on fri5d%ip1 #afe      ,sidney1   
,philip1 fri5d%ip ) ,fulke ,greville1   
#abg2      ) ,hub]t ,languet1 #abg1 #abh
      ,s99yane & ,mo%o%oma1 #e1 #f      
,socrates1 8 views1 #dg2      quot$1 #ec
 et seq41 #eh1 #ei1 #ge      ,socrates &
 ,phd1 #ca      ,sophocles1 8 trag$y (  
,niobe1 #gd      ,sp>ta1 cu/oms1 #af    
,suleyman ! ,magnific5t & ,ibrahim1 #aad
      ,symonds1 ,j4 ,a41 quot$1 #ae1    
#bj1 #ca1 #dg1 #fh1 #gi      ,symposium 
( ,plato1 #dh et seq42      spee* (     
,phdrus1 #di2      ( ,pausanias1 #ea2   
( ,ari/ophanes1 #eb2      ( ,socrates1  
#ec1 #ed2      also #gb      ,symposium 
( ,x5ophon1 #ei-fa        ,tacitus1     
,g]mania1 #aa      ,tahiti1 cu/oms 91 #h
      ,t5nyson1 ,alfr$1 & 8 fri5d       
,hallam1 #afi2      8,9 ,memoriam0      
quot$1 #agj et seq4      ,!ban ,b&1     

acc\nt (1 #ba et seq42      also #bh1   
#fh1 #baa      ,!ocritus1 ,idyll xii41  
#hj et seq42      ,idyll xxix41 #hc     
,!ognis & ,kurnus1 #gd1 #ge      ,!seus 
& ,piri?u1 #ae1 #dd1 #he      ,?irlwall1
 ,bi%op1 quot$1 #dd      ,?oreau1 ,h4   
,d41 quot$1 #age-f      ,?ucydides      
quot$1 #cb        ,ulri*s1 ,k4 ,h41     
#aeg2      v]ses quot$1 #aei            
,val]ius ,maximus quot$1 #cg            
,vauv5>gues & ,de ,seytres1 #aif1 #aig  
,virgil1 #bnd ,eclogue1 #ij2            
imitat$1 #acc      ,vision1 ! div9e1    
#ee1 #ef1 #eh      ,von ,katte1 8       
execution1 #bje      ,von ,kupff]1      
,an?ology quot$1 #ahi1 #aij1 #baj1 #baa 
,wagn]1 ,ri*>d1 fri5d%ip ) ,ludwig      
,,ii41 #aec2      lett]s1 #aed1 #aee2   
on ,greek comrade%ip1 #aef      ,:itman1
 ,walt1 8 8love ( comrades10 #agg2      
,democratic ,vi/as quot$1 #agh2         
,leaves ( ,grass quot$1 #agi-aha        
,william ( ,orange & ,b5t9ck1 #ade      
,w9ckelmann1 #adh2      8 lett]s1 #adh2 
,goe! on1 #adi      ,,! ,,end4    ,pr9t$

 by ,s4 ,,cl>ke1 #da1 ,granby ,r[1      
,man*e/]          ,o!r ,works by ! same 
,au?or3      ,,t[>ds ,,democracy3       
complete ,poems4 ,libr>y ,edition1      
#aije1 clo?1 gilt  edge1 #ejf pp41 #c_/f
 net4      ,,! ,,same4 ,pocket ,edition1
 ,india pap]1 ) limp b9d+ & gilt        
edge1 #c_/f net4    ,,engl&',s ,,ideal &
 o!r ,pap]s on ,social ,subjects4 ,f\r? 
,edition1  #aijb1 pp4 #agf1 clo?1 #b_/f2
 pap]1 #a_/-    ,,civilisation3 ,,its   
,,cause ,,& ,,cure1 essays on ,mod]n    
,sci5ce1 c4 ,eigh?  ,edition1 #aijf1 pp4
 #agf1 clo?1 #b_/f2 pap]1 #a_/-         
99,,love',s ,,com+ ,,( ,,age3 a s]ies ( 
pap]s on ! ,relations ( ! ,sexes4  ,f\r?
 ,edition1 #aijc1 pp4 #afh1 clo?1 #c_/f 
net4    ,,angels' ,,w+s3 ,essays on ,art
 & ,life1 ) n9e full-page plates1 clo?  
gilt1 pp4 #bdh1 #f_/-    ,,adam',s      
,,peak ,,to ,,elephanta3 sket*es 9      
,ceylon & ,india4 ,new ,edition1  #aijc1
 clo? gilt1 #d_/f    ,,! ,,/ory ,,(     
,,eros ,,& ,,psy*e1 ) fir/ book (       
,hom]'s ,iliad done into  ,engli%1 &    

frontispiece1 clo? gilt1 #b_/f          
99,,iol,,u3 ,an ,an?ology ( ,fri5d%ip4  
,pr9t$ 9 old face ,caslon type1  )      
ornam5tal initials & side notes2 clo?1  
gilt edge1 #b_/f net4    ,,*ants ,,(    
,,lab\r3 a ,songbook = ! ,p1 edit$ by   
,,edw>d ,,c>p5t]4  ,) frontispiece &    
cov] by ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,pap]1 #a_/-   
7,all ! above publi%$ by ,,swan         
,,sonn5s*e9  ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,^?    m>k$  
99 publi%$ also by ,s4 ,,cl>ke1         
,man*e/]47    ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,creation3 
,essays on ! ,self & its ,p[]s4 ,clo?1  
gilt edge1  #bff pp41 #e_/- net 7#aijd7 
,,days ,,) ,,walt ,,:itman1 ) "s ,notes 
on 8 ,life & ,"w1 &  ,portraits4 ,clo?1 
gilt edge1 #ahg pp41 #e_/- net4 7#aijf7 
7,publi%$ by ,,george ,,all51 ,london47 
,,an ,,unkn[n ,,p3 ,pamphlet on         
,int]m$iate ,types ( ,m5 & ,wom51 ,price
  #f;d4 net4      7,publi%$ by ,a4  ,h4 
,b4 ,,bonn]1 ,took's ,c\rt1 ,e4,c47     
,,prisons1 ,,police ,,& ,,puni%m5t3 an  
,inquiry into ! ,causes & ,treatm5t  (  
,crime & ,crim9als4 ,cr[n #hvo41 clo?1  

#b_/- net4 7#aijd7    ,,edw>d ,,c>p5t]2 
,,! ,,man ,,& ,,8 ,,message4 ,pamphlet  
by ,,tom ,,swan1 ) two  portraits &     
copi\s extracts f ! above works1 price  
#f;d4 net4      7,publi%$ by ,a4 ,c4    
,,fifield1 ,london47