,,pap]s ,,( ,,! ,,s\?we/]n ,,exp$ition ,,numb] ,,two ,,pueblo ,,pott]y ,,mak+ ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #a ,c\rtesy ,wesley ,bradfield ,,m>ia ,,m>t9ez ,! mo/ skillful pott] ( ,san ,ildefonso4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,ar*aeology ,,phillips ,,academy ,,&ov] ,,massa*usetts ,,pueblo ,,pott]y ,,mak+ ,a ,,/udy ,,at ,,! ,,village ,,( ,,san ,,ildefonso ,,by ,,c>l ,e4 ,,gu! ,illu/ration ,,new ,,hav5 ,,publi%$ ,,= ,,! ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,ar*aeology ,,phillips ,,academy ,,&ov] ,,massa*usetts ,,by ,,! ,,yale ,,univ]sity ,,press #aibe ,,copyright$ #aibe ,,by ,,yale ,,univ]sity ,,press ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,by ,,! ,,&ov] ,,press ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction #a ,,raw ,,mat]ials2 ,,collection ,,& ,,prep>ation #ai ,,+r$i5ts #ai ,,r$ ,,clay #ai ,,:ite ,,clay #ba ,,temp] #ba ,,cook+ ,,vessel ,,clay #bb ,,slips ,,& ,,pa9ts #bc ,,native ,,slip #bc ,,santo ,,dom+o ,,slip #bc ,,r$ ,,slip #bc ,,orange-,,r$ ,,slip #bd ,,black ,,w>e ,,pa9t #bd ,,black ,,or ,,guaco ,,pa9t #be ,,fuel #bf ,,manure #bf ,,k9dl+ #bf ,,p>aph]nalia #bg ,,prim>y ,,p>aph]nalia #bg ,,m\lds #bg ,,m\ld+ ,,spoons #bg ,,scrap]s #bg ,,poli%+ ,,/ones #bg ,,pa9t ,,bru%es #bh ,,second>y ,,p>aph]nalia #bi ,,c>ry+ ,,& ,,/or+ ,,receptacles #bi ,,mix+ ,,surfaces #bi ,,bo>ds #bi ,,wat] ,,conta9]s #bi ,,mops #cj ,,pa9t ,,receptacles #cj ,,wip+-,,rags #cj ,,fir+ ,,accessories #cj ,,m\ld+ #ca ,,b[ls #cg ,,ollas #db ,,cook+-,,vessels #df ,,pray]-,,meal ,,b[ls #dh ,,d\ble-,,m\!d ,,vases #di ,,h&les #ej ,,sun-,,dry+ #eb ,,scrap+ #ed ,,slipp+ ,,& ,,poli%+ #eg ,,:ite ,,slip #eg ,,orange-,,r$ ,,slip #ei ,,r$ ,,slip #ei ,,d>k-,,r$ ,,slip #fb ,,pa9t+ #ff ,,fir+ #gj ,,prep>ation #gj ,,build+ ,,! ,,ov5 #gj ,,burn+ #gb ,,accid5ts #gf ,,treatm5t ,,aft] ,,burn+ #gg ,,pa9t+ ,,( ,,designs #gh ,,symbolism #he ,,bibliography #hi ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,plates ,,page #a4 ,m>ia ,m>t9ez1 ! lead+ pott] ( ,san ,ildefonso ,frontispiece #b4 ,fragm5ts ( anci5t corrugat$ w>es #f #c4 ,old decorat$ vessels f ! ,pueblo villages #h #d4 ,old ,san ,ildefonso vessels #h #e4 ,old ,san ,ildefonso vessels #aj #f4 ,mod]n poly*rome w>e by ,m>ia ,m>t9ez #aj #g4 ,mod]n poly*rome & black-on-r$ w>es #ab #h4 ,mod]n pla9 & decorat$ poli%$ black w>e #ad #i4 ,w9n[+ clay #af #aj4 a1 ,digg+ temp]+ mat]ial1 b1 ,guaco plant #bj #aa4 ,g\rd spoons #bf #ab4 a1 ,knead+ clay b1 ,prim>y /ages ( b[l m\ld+ #cb #ac4 ,me?od ( build+ vessels #cb #ad4 a1 ,"w on rim ( unf9i%$ b[l1 b1 ,%ap+ vessel #cf #ae4 ,successive /ages 9 ! m\ld+ ( an olla #db #af4 a1 ,m\ld+ an olla1 b1 ,a typical pott] #dd #ag4 a1 ,f9i%+ t\*es1 b1 ,application ( h&le #df #ah4 ,sun-dry+ #eb #ai4 ,scrap+ #ed #bj4 a1 ,cutt+ d[n an olla b1 ,apply+ slip #eh #ba4 a1 ,apply+ slip1 b1 c1 ,poli%+ #fj #bb4 ,decorat+ small vessels #ff #bc4 ,decorat+ ollas #fh #bd4 a1 ,dry+ ! ov5 site1 b1 ,prep>+ ! ov5 #gj #be4 ,ov5-build+ #gb #bf4 ,fir+ #gb #bg4 a1 ,smo!r$ fire1 b1 ,wip+ fir$ vessels #gd #bh4 ,zui pott] prep>+ clay #gf #bi4 ,zui pott] m\ld+ a vessel #gf #cj4 ,zui pott] f9i%+ a vessel #gf #ca4 ,zui pott] decorat+ & fir+ a vessel #gf #cb4 ,design by ,m>ia ,m>t9ez #ha #cc4 ,design by ,m>ia ,m>t9ez #hb #cd4 ,design by ,maximiliana ,m>t9ez #hb #ce4 ,design by ,antonita ,roybal #hd ,,figures ,,9 ,,! ,,text #a4 ,outl9es ( po/-,basket ,mak] vessels #f #b4 ,pre-,pueblo pott]y #g #c4 ,decorations ( anci5t ,pueblo b[ls #i #d4 ,bad examples ( mod]n pott]y #ac #e4 ,pa9t bru%es #bh #f4 ,sections ( a b[l dur+ build+ #cd #g4 ,me?od ( t]rac+ a pray]-meal b[l #dh #h4 ,angles ( pa9t bru% dur+ /roke #fh #i4 ,gr[? ( a poly*rome design #hj #aj4 ,ra9cl\d design #hc #aa4 ,elem5ts ( design #hg ,,introduction ,! pres5t pap] is a c>eful /udy by ,dr4 ,gu! ( pott]y mak+ at ,san ,ildefonso1 a typical ,pueblo ,indian t[n on ! ,rio ,gr&e1 nor? ( ,santa ,fe1 ,new ,mexico4 ,! field-"w 0 und]tak5 9 #aiba z "p ( an ar*aeological survey ( ! ,s\?we/1 t has be5 c>ri$ on = a numb] ( ye>s by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ar*aeology ( ,phillips ,academy4 ,f prehi/oric ar*aeology to mod]n pott]y mak+ may seem a f> cry1 b 9 ! ,s\?we/ ! pa/ m]ges almo/ imp]ceptibly into ! pres5t1 & ! ,pueblos ( today live 9 almo/ exactly ! same way1 & practise almo/ exactly ! same arts1 z did _! ance/ors ( a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,9 ! ,s\?we/1 !re=e1 ! ar*aeologi/ has ! invaluable opportunity ( obs]v+1 & ( /udy+ at fir/ h&1 ! life ^: e>li] rema9s he une>?s f ! anci5t ru9s4 ,:5 "o consid]s :at su* a privilege w\ld mean to ! excavator 91 = example1 ! m\nds ( ! ,mississippi ,valley1 or ! ,neoli?ic village-sites ( ,europe1 x becomes obvi\s t ! ,s\?we/]n ar*aeologi/ %\ld devote a n inconsid]able "p ( 8 "t to ! /udy ( t indu/ri\s1 k9dly1 hospitable1 & ?or\ghly *>m+ folk1 ! ,pueblo ,indians4 ,liv+ a s$5t>y1 agricultural life 9 an arid c\ntry x 0 inevitable t ! ,pueblos %\ld e>ly h develop$ into exp]t & prolific pott]s2 & s pott]y1 9 ! =m ( %]ds scatt]$ ab\t _! =m] dwell+s1 & ( vessels pi\sly int]r$ ) _! dead1 is ! mo/ /rik+1 ! mo/ abundant1 & ! mo/ readily accessible =m ( evid5ce to be dealt ) by ! ,s\?we/]n ar*aeologi/4 ,! value ( pott]y to ! /ud5t ( ! pa/ _c be m happily express$ ?an 9 ! words ( ! hi/orian ,myres3 8,:5 ) ! s(t clay :i* has1 s to say1 no natural %ape or utility at all1 ! human h&1 guid$ by imag9ation1 b o!rwise unaid$1 creates a new =m1 g\rd-l1 or flask-l1 or /one-b[l-l1 b n itself ei!r g\rd1 or sk91 or /one1 !n inv5tion has begun1 & an art is born :i* dem&s on ea* occasion ( its ex]cise a fre% ef=t ( imag9ation to devise1 & ( intellect to give effect to1 a lit]ally new ?+4 ,x is a =tunate accid5t t ! mat]ial 9 "q1 once fix$ 9 ! giv5 =m by exposure to fire1 is by t v process made s brittle t its prospect ( utility is %ort2 consequ5tly ! dem& = replacem5t is p]si/5t4 ,! only gr\p ( indu/ries :i* c comp>e ) potmak+ 9 intellectual importance is t ( ! textile fabrics2 basketry & weav+4 ,b :]eas basket-"w & all =ms ( matt+ & clo? are p]i%able & w burn1 brok5 pott]y is almo/ inde/ructible1 j because1 once brok51 x is s useless4 ,x foll[s t evid5ce s p]man5t1 s copi\s1 & s pla/ic1 t is to say s inf9itely s5sitive a regi/] ( ! *anges ( ! arti/'s mood1 z ! pot%]ds on an anci5t site1 is among ! mo/ valuable t we c ev] h1 = trac+ ! dawn ( culture40 ,myres wrote ( arid ,egypt1 & 9 _m ways conditions 9 ! likewise arid ,s\?we/1 :]e a primitive p 7 also build+ up = !mselves ?r\gh agriculture a new type ( civilization1 closely p>allel ^? ( ! ,nile ,valley 9 pr$yna/ic times4 ,& ! analogy1 naturally en\gh1 holds good 9 ! matt] ( ar*aeological me?ods4 ,! rise & spread ( ! pr$yna/ic cultures ( ,egypt are be+ trac$ out 9 l>ge "p by /udies ( c]amic types & ( _! /ratigraphic relation "o to ano!r4 ,! same me?ods are applicable1 & inde$ are n[ beg9n+ to be appli$1 to ! problems ( ! ,s\?we/4 ,to und]/& ! tr5d ( rec5t ar*aeological "w 9 ! ,pueblo field x is necess>y to take a bird's-eye view1 s to speak1 ( ! region4 ,ov] a va/ area 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 ,utah1 ,colorado1 & ! /ate ( ,*ihuahua 9 ,old ,mexico1 are f\nd ! rema9s ( ! prehi/oric ,pueblos4 ,_! villages1 n[ 9 ru9s1 7 built 9 all sorts ( places1 on ! tops ( mesas1 9 op5 pla9s1 9 n>r[ canyons1 on ! l$ges ( great cliffs1 & 9 ! %elt] ( caves4 ,!y range 9 size f "o-or two-room h\ses ( ! r\ghe/ con/ruction1 to great communal build+s ( five hundr$ or ev5 a ?\s& rooms1 compactly built ( excell5t masonry & t]rac$ to a height ( ?ree1 f\r1 or five /ories4 ,! artifacts1 too1 f\nd 9 !m v>y bewild]+ly1 bo? 9 degree ( p]fection1 & 9 type4 ,all ,s\?we/]n h\ses1 h[ev]1 & all ,s\?we/]n artifacts1 h a c]ta9 family resemblance t allies !m to ea* o!r & makes x evid5t t !y are all ! product ( a s+le culture1 a culture di/9ct1 = example1 f t ( ,c5tral ,mexico or t ( ! ,mississippi ,valley4 ,to recon/ruct ! hi/ory ( t culture1 to trace its orig91 to foll[ its gr[?1 & to expla9 h[ & :y x develop$ 9 ! peculi> way x did1 are ! tasks :i* confront ! ,s\?we/]n ar*aeologi/4 ,z 9 any sci5tific problem1 ! fir/ /ep mu/ be to collect & classify ! data2 & al?\gh ,pueblo sites are numb]$ 9 ?\s&s1 & an ov]:elm+ am\nt ( m]ely descriptive "w mu/ /ill be done1 ! outl9es ( a classification h be5 a*iev$4 ,we "k1 = example1 :at sort ( ru9s are f\nd 9 ! ,san ,juan dra9age ( nor!rn ,new ,mexico2 :at k9ds ( pott]y occur along ! ,gila riv] 9 s\!rn ,arizona4 ,b :at relation%ip1 g5etically & 9 "t1 !re exi/$ betwe51 say1 ,pueblo ,bonito & ,casa ,gr&e1 we d n "k4 ,! "t elem5t1 or 9 o!r words ! hi/orical sequ5ce ( our mat]ial1 rema9s 9 l>ge "p to be det]m9$4 ,to set up an hi/orical outl9e we mu/ fir/ det]m9e ! relative ages ( ! diff]5t ru9s1 & !n e/imate ! size & di/ribution ( ! ,pueblo tribes f ! e>lie/ times to ! pres5t4 ,at ! top1 s to speak1 ( our s]ies ! problem is simple en\gh--we are acqua9t$ ) ! pres5t location ( ! tribes1 & ! v>i\s ,spani% acc\nts tell u :]e !y h be5 liv+ dur+ ! pa/ ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 ,b = ! prehi/oric p]iod 7& ev]y?+ 9 ! ,s\?we/ prior to #aedj is prehi/oric7 we mu/ rely almo/ :olly on su* evid5ce z may be turn$ up by ! ar*aeologi/'s %ovel1 = ( native writt5 records !re are none1 nor c native leg5d>y te/imony be safely dep5d$ ^u4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 ?r[s a heavy burd5 ^u ! ar*aeologi/1 a burd5 :i* is made heavi] by ! fact t /ratigraphy ( rema9s is s r>ely f\nd 9 ! ,pueblo c\ntry4 ,/ratigraphy1 9 o!r words ! sup]position ( ! m rec5t ^u ! m anci5t1 has be5 ! ,op5 ,sesame to all ! recon/ructive sci5ces4 ,! v framework ( geology1 = example1 has be5 built up f /ratigraphic obs]vations4 ,9 ar*aeology1 too1 /ratigraphy has reveal$ ! sequ5ce ( ! ,/one ,ages2 made cle> ! developm5t ( ! e>ly ,m$it]ranean cultures1 & ! rise ( pr$yna/ic civilization 9 ,egypt4 ,!re=e1 z has j be5 said1 ! g5]al lack ( /ratigraphic conditions 9 ! ,s\?we/ r5d]s ! task ( ! /ud5t a p>ticul>ly h>d "o4 ,= "s reason1 n yet cle>ly und]/ood1 ! ,pueblos anci5t & mod]n 7 v prone to %ift f "o dwell+ place to ano!r1 & a site once ab&on$ 0 seldom reoccupi$4 ,al?\gh _! h\ses 7 ( ! mo/ p]man5t con/ruction1 & _! agricultural life %\ld h t5d$ to r5d] !m solidly s$5t>y1 !y mov$ ab\t to a surpris+ ext5t4 ,! result ( ?is is t "o seldom f9ds a ru9 :i* 0 liv$ 9 = m ?an a few decades or1 at mo/1 c5turies2 & few h s f> be5 discov]$ to conta9 sup]impos$ rema9s illu/rat+ any long p]iod ( developm5t4 ,:]e su* evid5ce is s r>e1 :at c be f\nd naturally becomes ( ! greate/ importance2 h5ce ! rec5t dilig5t se>* =1 & excavation (1 su* sites z %[ signs ( long occupancy4 ,! *oice ( ,pecos = inve/igation by ,phillips ,academy 0 due to ! above consid]ations4 ,! ru9 0 a l>ge "o1 0 occupi$ at ! "t ( ! ,discov]y & 0 n ab&on$ until #ahch4 ,a surface exam9ation also %[$ t x mu/ h be5 t5ant$ = a long "t prior to ! ,conque/ because its m\nds 7 scatt]$ ov] ) pot%]ds n only ( rec5t date1 b also ( sev]al di/9ct prehi/oric types1 ea* "o well en\gh kn[n to /ud5ts1 b ^: relative ages 7 entirely a matt] ( conjecture4 ,x 0 hop$1 !re=e1 t excavation might disclose "s def9ite cases ( sup]position1 & t sev]al prehi/oric p]iods might !reby be arrang$ 9 _! prop] *ronological ord]4#a ,! results h be5 m ?an satisfactory4 ,pecos prov$ to h be5 built on ! edge ( a %>p-sid$ mesa1 a fact n suspect$ be=e digg+ began1 because ! rubbi% f ! t[n _h heap$ up to su* an ext5t aga9/ ! orig9al cliff z completely to mask its /eepness4 ,! fir/ inhabitants naturally ?rew _! refuse ov] ! edge ( ! mesa1 _! desc5dants add$ to ! accumulation1 & ! process cont9u$ d[n ! c5turies until !re grew up a midd5 ( enorm\s ext5t &1 = ! ,s\?we/1 ( unusually great dep?4 ,x is /ratifi$ z neatly z a lay]-cake4 ,:5 ! exploratory tr5*es reveal$ ! size & probable importance ( ! ,pecos rubbi% heap1 all o!r projects 7 po/pon$1 & two full field-seasons 7 devot$ to ! meticul\s dissection ( l>ge areas ( ! deepe/ deposit4 ,at frequ5t int]vals /ratigraphic te/s 7 made1 9 :i* all ! specim5s f ea* successive /ratum 7 kept sep>ate & %ipp$ to ! ,museum = /udy4 ,x 0 f\nd t _m *anges 9 culture _h tak5 place dur+ ! long occupancy ( ,pecos2 9 ! /one & bone implem5ts1 9 ! pipes1 & 9 burial cu/oms4 ,b ! mo/ abundant1 ! mo/ easily ga!r$1 & ! mo/ readily int]pret$ evid5ce ( cultural *ange 0 (f]$ by ! ?\s&s ( pott]y fragm5ts t fill$ ! m\nd f subsoil to surface4 ,we h be5 able to recognize ab\t tw5ty di/9ct w>es1 to arrange !m into eight *ronological gr\ps1 & to det]m9e ! exact sequ5ce ( ^! gr\ps4 ,?is in=mation1 d]iv$ f ! /ratigraphic /udy ( ! pott]y 9 ! m\nds1 has be5 ( ! greate/ value4 ,its application has be5 bo? local & non-local4 ,9 ! excavations t we h s9ce c>ri$ on at ,pecos x has enabl$ u to date relatively to ea* o!r ! v>i\s kivas1 cemet]ies1 & small refuse m\nds t occurr$ on ! mesa top1 & also to unravel mu* m confid5tly ?an we w\ld o!rwise h be5 able to d1 ! extraord9>ily complex jumble ( ru9$1 torn-d[n1 /one-robb$1 rebuilt1 ab&on$1 & reoccupi$ rooms t we enc\nt]$ :5 we attack$ ! pueblo itself4 ,z helpful z has be5 ! k ( ! sequ5ce ( ! pott]y types 9 work+ out ! details ( local ar*aeology1 its usefulness 9 t reg>d is small z comp>$ ) ! flood ( light :i* has be5 ?r[n on mu* l>g] & m vital problems4 ,x has j be5 /at$ t "s tw5ty types ( pott]y 7 id5tifi$2 ! majority ( ^! are n peculi> to ,pecos2 _m ( !m occur ?r\gh\t l>ge areas 9 ! ,rio ,gr&e dra9age2 & s we are n[ able1 9 mo/ cases by a ha/y exam9ation ( ! surface %]ds1 to assign to its prop] place 9 ! *ronological s]ies any ru9 at :i* our types are pres5t4 ,?us m]e reconnaissance 7a *eap & rapid und]tak+7 n[ s]ves to make cle> ! major outl9es ( ,rio ,gr&e ar*aeology4 ,b ! usefulness ( ! /ratigraphic /udies at ,pecos does n end ) ! t]ritory 9 :i* ! ,pecos types ( pott]y are f\nd1 = ,pecos1 because ( its size & because ( its situation on ! ma9 r\te betwe5 ! ,pueblo c\ntry to ! ,we/ & ! buffalo ranges to ! ,ea/1 0 an important trade c5tre4 ,f its m\nds we h tak5 pot%]ds f almo/ all p>ts ( ! ,s\?we/1 %ells f ! ,pacific1 sp9dle-:orls f ,c5tral ,mexico1 z well z pott]y & /one objects f ! ,mississippi dra9age4 ,! importance ( su* f9ds is evid5t2 e %]d f an outside culture f\nd 9 a datable /ratum at ,pecos helps to fit into our g5]al *ronological s*eme ! culture f :i* x came2 z conv]sely1 does e ,pecos or ev5 ,rio ,gr&e %]d t turns up beyond ! limits ( ! ,rio ,gr&e4 ,only a />t has be5 made1 b en\gh has already come to light at ,pecos & at su* /ratifi$ sites z h be5 excavat$ by o!r in/itutions1 to provide u ) a surpris+ly full k ( ! rise & gr[? ( ! ,pueblo civilization4 ,t5 ye>s ago x w\ld h be5 h>d to believe h[ mu* c\ld be accompli%$ by ! /ratigraphic "w c>ri$ on by ,nelson 9 ! ,gali/eo ,bas91 ,hodge at ,hawikuh1 ,judd at ,pueblo ,bonito1 ,morris at ,aztec1 ,gu]nsey 9 ! ,kay5ta c\ntry1 & ! writ] & 8 associates at ,pecos4 ,! "w1 z ,i h said1 has j begun1 b ! prospects are bright4 ,success w dep5d1 z 9 any su* endeavor1 ^u intellig5t excavation1 c>eful collection ( data1 & accurate obs]vation ( specim5s1 b ! inve/igator _c hope to d]ive ! be/ results f 8 labors if he does n hold to a v broad view ( 8 field4 ,he mu/ famili>ize himself n only ) ! mat]ial ( ! locality he is work+ 9 b mu/ also "k z mu* z possible ab\t t ( o!r regions1 = x is ( ! la/ importance t trade-objects be recogniz$ :]ev] !y occur4 ,( all trade-objects1 vessels & pot%]ds are likely to be ! commone/ & mo/ easily recognizable4 ,:5 ! memb]s ( ! ,pecos exp$ition realiz$ h[ vitally important 0 to be a close k ( ! pott]y1 n only ( t p>ticul> site1 b also ( ! ,rio ,gr&e 9 g5]al1 &1 inde$1 ( ! entire ,s\?we/1 !y devot$ a l>ge "p ( _! "t1 bo? 9 ! field & at ! ,museum1 to ! /udy ( c]amics4 ,a difficulty 0 at once enc\nt]$ 9 our ignorance ( ! te*nique ( ,pueblo pott]y mak+4 ,we 7 con/antly oblig$ to comp>e ! pa9ts & slips ( diff]5t w>es1 to decide :e!r obs]v$ v>iations 7 te*nically fundam5tal1 or 7 m]ely accid5ts ( clay-mix+ or fir+4 ,no full publi%$ acc\nts exi/$1 nor _h any ( u _h ! opportunity = m ?an casual obs]vation ( pott]s at "w4 ,dr4 ,gu!1 accord+ly1 sp5t ! mon? ( ,augu/1 #aiba1 at ,san ,ildefonso 9 mak+ detail$ /udies4 ,8 results are publi%$ 9 ! hope t !y may be ( use to ,s\?we/]n ar*aeologi/s & e?nologi/s1 & also to /ud5ts ( ! primitive pott]y ( o!r areas :o may be 9 ne$ ( mat]ial = comp>ative purposes4 ,9 ord] t ! read] may envisage ! long hi/ory t lies beh9d ! "w ( ! mod]n pott]s1 ,i give a summ>y ( our pres5t k ( ! orig9 & developm5t ( pott]y 9 ! ,s\?we/4 ,to g back to ! v beg9n+1 x is n yet c]ta9 :e!r pott]y mak+ 0 introduc$ into ! region f ,mexico1 or :e!r x 0 a local inv5tion4 ,!re is evid5ce 9 favor ( ea* !ory4 ,z w pres5tly be %[n1 !re c be trac$ 9 ! ,s\?we/ an almo/ unbrok5 developm5t f ! e>lie/ & crude/ =ms1 ?r\gh int]m$iate /ages1 to ! p]fect$ /yles ( lat] times2 nor c ,mexican influ5ce be se5 9 ! w>es !mselves at any p]iod f beg9n+ to end4 ,h5ce x might appe> t ! art 0 ( purely local orig9 & gr[?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,mexico 0 ! bre$+ gr\nd = all ! high] elem5ts ( native ,am]ican culture2 corn-gr[+1 ! cultivation ( cotton1 ! use ( /one masonry1 ! true loom1 etc41 & x is practically c]ta9 t all ^! traits work$ into ! ,s\?we/ f ,mexico4 ,x w\ld ?us seem reasonable to suppose t ! concept ( pott]y came f ! same s\rce1 p>ticul>ly z pott]y does n appe> 9 our area until "s "t aft] ! introduction ( corn1 & ! m]e pres5ce ( corn proves contact ( "o sort or ano!r ) ,mexico1 :]e presumably pott]y _h be5 9 use = a consid]able p]iod4 ,my pres5t feel+ is1 h[ev]1 t ! importation consi/$ ( no m ?an ! b>e idea t vessels c\ld be made ( clay1 & t ! subsequ5t developm5t ( ! art 0 entirely unaffect$ by outside influ5ces4 ,?is "q1 s important = its be>+ on g5]al problems ( dissem9ation v]sus indep5d5t orig9 ( culture traits1 c only be settl$ by "w 9 ! ar*aeologically /ill unkn[n field ( nor!rn ,mexico4 ,! e>lie/ inhabitants ( ! ,s\?we/ ( :om we h c]ta9 k 7 ! ,basket ,mak]s1 s call$ by _! discov]] because basketry r ?an pott]y 0 buri$ ) _! dead4 ,!y liv$ 9 s\!a/]n ,utah & nor!rn ,arizona1 7 an agricultural or semi-agricultural p :o built no p]man5t h\ses1 & :o _h no true pott]y4 ,9 "s ( ! caves t !y occupi$1 h[ev]1 !re h be5 f\nd a few fragm5ts ( crude1 unfir$ clay di%es ^: ?ick1 bungl+ sides be> ! impr9ts ( ! f+]s ( _! mak]s4 ,save = occasional hesitat+ l9es ( incis$ m>ks1 or /raggl+ daubs ( black pa9t1 ^! vessels are undecorat$4 ,!y be> no slip1 nor1 z 0 said above1 7 any ( !m subject$ to ! burn+ :i* w\ld h conv]t$ !m into true pott]y4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ?\gh :e!r t "t %\ld be c\nt$ 9 t5s1 or hundr$s1 or ev5 ?\s&s ( ye>s1 we h at pres5t no way ( tell+1 ! ,basket ,mak]s began to build h\ses ( /one slabs1 to gr\p _! hi!rto scatt]$ dwell+s toge!r into small communities1 &1 mo/ important ( all f ! po9t ( view ( our pres5t inquiry1 to make h>d1 ?9-wall$1 ?or\ghly fir$ vessels1 9 o!r words real pott]y4 ,! culture /age *>act]iz$ by ^! ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,outl9es ( ,po/-,basket ,mak] vessels4 7,c\rtesy ,s4 ,j4 ,gu]nsey47 rema9s & fur!r di/+ui%able f ! classic ,basket ,mak] on ! basis ( h\se /ructure1 s&al =m1 & o!r traits1 0 fir/ id5tifi$ by ,s4 ,j4 ,gu]nsey1 & nam$ by him 8po/-,basket ,mak]04 ,po/-,basket ,mak] pott]y is simple 9 =m & 9 decoration4 ,x is normally light gray 9 color4 ,! vessel =ms mo/ commonly f\nd are b[ls 7fig4 #a1 d1 e71 globul> vessels ) re/rict$ orifices 7fig4 #a1 a71 & wat] j>s1 ! latt] (t5 hav+ a swoll5 neck 7fig4 #a1 b74 ,! body ( ! w>e 9 cross-section has a m>k$ly granul> appe>ance1 due to ! l>ge size ( ! bits ( temp]+ mat]ial includ$ 9 x4 ,a small p]c5tage ( ! b[ls be> a ?9 :ite slip on ! int]ior ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #b ,,anci5t ,,corrugat$ ,,w>es a4 ,pre-,pueblo4 b4 ,e>ly ,pueblo4 c4 ,classic ,pueblo p]iod4 & are ornam5t$ ) irregul>ly drawn designs 9 black pa9t 7fig4 #a1 e74 ,_m ( ! patt]ns sugge/ basketry prototypes4 ,all 9 all1 po/-,basket ,mak] pott]y1 judg+ f ! few specim5s s f> recov]$1 is surpris+ly well made2 s well z to raise ! suspicion t an e>li] /age /ill awaits discov]y4 ,h9ts ( su* a /age h1 inde$1 be5 f\nd 9 ! =m ( heavy clay di%es1 temp]$ ) %r$d$ junip] b>k1 unbak$ b di/9ctly sup]ior 9 size & workman%ip to ! ,basket ,mak] product4 ,^! specim5s h turn$ up 9 po/-,basket ,mak] sites1 b 9 caves /ratigraphically s confus$ t x is /ill unc]ta9 :e!r !y ant$at$1 or 7 contemporane\s )1 ! m highly-p]fect$ po/-,basket ,mak] w>es4 ,!y are too crude1 h[ev]1 to be consid]$ ! direct =]unn]s ( po/-,basket ,mak] pott]y4 ,if ! developm5t took place 9 ! ,san ,juan1 "o /ep at lea/ is /ill lack+4 ,^! que/ions w be answ]$ by fur!r "w ( ! sort n[ be+ c>ri$ on by ,gu]nsey 9 ! ,kay5ta c\ntry & by ,morris 9 ! ,canyon del ,mu]to4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,pre-,pueblo vessels4 ,f po/-,basket ,mak] times d[n to ! pres5t day1 h[ev]1 ! developm5t ( ,s\?we/]n pott]y c already be outl9$ ) consid]able confid5ce4 ,! next /age is usually call$ ! pre-,pueblo4 ,x is m>k$ by fur!r improvem5ts 9 h\se-build+1 by ! introduction ( cranial de=mation1 & by c]ta9 innovations 9 c]amics4 ,x _h be5 ! cu/om ) ! po/-,basket ,mak]s 7z among _m primitive p7 to build up _! vessels by add+ to ! gr[+ walls successive r+s ( clay4 ,:5 ! process 0 complete & ! sides _h rea*$ ! requisite height1 all trace ( ! r+s 0 oblit]at$ by rubb+ d[n ! surface4 ,9 ! int]iors ( "s po/-,basket ,mak] pieces1 h[ev]1 ) orifices s small t a smoo?+ tool c\ld n be introduc$1 !re 7 left ! telltale junction-l9es betwe5 ! /ructural r+s4 ,9 pre-,pueblo times x became ! fa%ion purposely to leave unsmoo!d ! la/ few r+s at ! necks ( c]ta9 small cook+ vessels 7fig4 #b1 a2 pl4 #b1 a74 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! elaborate coil$ or corrugat$ te*nique1 lat] s widely us$4 ,pre-,pueblo black-on-:ite w>e takes ! =m ( b[ls1 pit*]s1 ladles1 small j>s1 & ollas4 ,its pa/e is h>d1 is less heavily temp]$ ?an po/-,basket ,mak] pa/e1 & ! surfaces ( ! pieces are bett] smoo!d4 ,! decoration is *>act]iz$ by boldness & da%1 ! bru%work be+ correspond+ly ha/y4 ,! l9es are ( irregul> wid?1 nor 0 c>e ex]cis$ t ! junctions ( /rokes %\ld be accurate4 ,z is %[n by ! accompany+ draw+s 7fig4 #b1 b1 c71 ! commone/ elem5ts are ! /epp$ figure & ! triangle1 bo? (t5 emphasiz$ by sets ( widely spac$ ?9 l9es :i* foll[ ! out] edges ( ! basic patt]ns4 ,! transition betwe5 ! pre-,pueblo & ! ,pueblo 0 evid5tly a gradual "o4 ,!re 0 no viol5t break1 ei!r 9 culture or 9 physical type2 & s x is h>d to say j :]e ! divid+ l9e %\ld be drawn4 ,! introduction ( ind5t$ corrugat$ pott]y1 h[ev]1 =ms a conv5i5t milepo/ on ! road ( c]amic progress4 ,! *ange 0 br\ght ab\t z foll[s3 ! pla91 broad r+s ( pre-,pueblo w>e 7 replac$ by a cont9u\s ?9 fillet ( clay appli$ spirally2 ! junctions betwe5 ! successive laps ( ! fillet 7 left unoblit]at$1 n only at ! neck1 b ov] ! entire vessel2 & ! fillet itself 0 also not*$ or p9*$ or o!rwise ind5t$ to produce v>i\s ornam5tal effects 7pl4 #b1 b1 c74 ,?us 0 made ! well-kn[n coil$ or corrugat$ cook+-w>e s *>act]i/ic ( all ! ar*aic true ,pueblo ru9s1 a /yle introduc$ at ab\t ! same "t z ! developm5t ( ! above-gr\nd rectangul> liv+-room1 ! clu/]$ me?od ( build+1 & ! use ( horizontally c\rs$ masonry1 all elem5ts t are commonly recogniz$ z typical ( true ,pueblo culture4 ,! e>lie/ v>ieties ( ,pueblo pott]y are imp]fectly kn[n1 = little "w has s f> be5 done 9 ! small & (t5 ne>ly oblit]at$ m\nds t m>k ! h\se-sites ( ! fir/ pueblo-dwell]s4 ,x is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t 9 ! ,san ,juan & ,little ,colorado dra9ages !re 0 a /rong gr[? 9 corrugat$ w>e4 ,?is te*nique 0 exp]im5t$ on & play$ )4 ,! v>iety & ev5 virtuosity ( ! results are extraord9>y3 wav$ coil+1 p9*$ coil+1 incis$ coil+1 & all mann] ( ind5t+ 7 practis$ 7pl4 #b1 b74 ,! black-on-:ite w>e evid5tly did n advance s rapidly1 ! vessels1 to judge f ! %]ds1 7 n p>ticul>ly symmetrical z to %ape or notable z to f9i%4 ,! decoration ran to ha*ure 9 wavy l9es & to poorly drawn spiral figures4 ,z ,i h j said1 little is kn[n ( ! e>ly ,pueblo sites4 ,! p]iod :i* !y repres5t1 h[ev]1 0 und\bt$ly a long "o4 ,! date ( its beg9n+ is entirely problematical1 nor c we ev5 say ) any assurance :5 x end$1 b ! probabilities are t z e>ly z ! op5+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era ! ,pueblos _h begun to ga!r toge!r into l>g] settlem5ts1 to develop ! closely-knit community life1 & ! _m-/ori$ t]rac$ /yle ( ar*itecture :i* typify ! gold5 age ( _! exi/5ce4 ,betwe5 t "t & #ajjj or #aajj ,a4,d4 ! m or less uni=m e>ly culture split up into di/9ct & (t5 highly specializ$ local sub-cultures1 ea* ( :i* foll[$ its own l9e ( gr[? 9 h\se-build+1 pott]y-mak+1 & ! m9or arts4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is g5]al phase ( ,s\?we/]n hi/ory t !re came into be+ ! great pueblos & cliff-dwell+s t h\s$ entire villages3 ,pueblo ,bonito & ! o!r ,*aco ,canyon t[ns2 ! cliffh\ses ( ! ,mesa ,v]de & ( ! ,kay5ta c\ntry2 ! enorm\s adobe con/ructions su* z ,casa ,gr&e on ! ,gila & ,casas ,gr&es 9 ,*ihuahua4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #c ,,old ,,mod]n ,,decorat$ ,,w>e a4 ,acoma4 b4 ,zui4 c4 ,sia4 d4 ,hopi4 e4 ,san ,ildefonso4 f4 ,tesuque4 g4 ,santo ,dom+o4 h4 ,co*iti4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #d ,,old ,,pieces ,,f ,,san ,,ildefonso a1 b4 ,black-on-buff4 c1 d4 ,poli%$ black4 ,to describe ! _m diff]5t w>es ( ! classic ,pueblo p]iod w\ld entail f> m space ?an is available 9 ?is introduction4 ,brief acc\nts ( ! m important /yles are includ$ 9 ! fir/ pap] ( ! pres5t s]ies1#b & a h&book ( ,s\?we/]n pott]y w1 x is hop$1 appe> z a subsequ5t numb]4 ,a s+le ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,black-on-:ite b[ls ( classic ,pueblo p]iod4 a4 ,*aco ,canyon4 b4 ,mimbres ,valley4 c4 ,upp] ,gila ,riv]4 d4 ,mesa ,v]de4 illu/ration 7fig4 #c7 mu/ suffice to %[ ! bewild]+ v>iety & ! high arti/ic p]fection :i* 7 rea*$ at ?is "t4 ,x seems orda9$ t p]iods ( high a*ievem5t %all be foll[$ by p]iods ( slack5+ & ev5 atrophy4 ,s x 0 ) ! ,pueblos4 ,! ye>s betwe5 ab\t #ajjj ,a4,d4 & ! ,spani% invasion ( #aedj 7 evid5tly a "t ( tribulation4 ,! =m]ly prosp]\s communities ( ! ,nor? & ! ,s\? 7 ab&on$1 ! population %rank1 ! arts deg5]at$1 & :5 ,coranado ent]$ ! ,s\?we/ he f\nd ! ,pueblos occupy+ a m]e fraction ( _! =m] range4 ,:at br\ght ab\t ?is decl9e is n surely kn[n1 dr\ghts1 int]tribal w>s1 pe/il5ces1 inbre$+1 may all h be5 9 "p responsible2 b its pr9cipal cause 0 probably ! ev]-increas+ attacks ( nomadic enemies4 ,at all ev5ts ,pueblo culture ( ! sixte5? c5tury 0 n :at x _h be5 9 ! pa/1 & pott]y mak+ suff]$ ) ! o!r arts4 ,by t "t ! beautiful & elaborate1 b difficult1 corrugat$ te*nique _h be5 giv5 up1 & cook+ vessels _h become m]e unornam5t$ pots2 black-on-:ite w>e ) its h&some1 intricate geometric decoration _h long be5 ext9ct1 replac$ by v>i\s local /yles1 few ( :i* equall$ x 9 te*nical excell5ce or arti/ic p]fection4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! c]amic products ( ! hi/oric p]iod are v little kn[n4 ,9 old times pott]y =m$ an ess5tial accompanim5t ( ! dead1 h5ce at ne>ly e prehi/oric ru9 may be f\nd a burial place ri*ly /ock$ ) mortu>y vessels4 ,) ! arrival ( ! prie/s1 h[ev]1 missions & ,ca?olic cemet]ies 7 e/abli%$1 all int]m5ts took place "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,padres1 & no m b[ls or ollas w5t into ! graves4 ,pott]y1 ( c\rse1 is %ort-liv$1 few vessels1 o!r ?an rev]5tly gu>d$ c]emonial j>s1 c be expect$ to escape breakage = m ?an a g5]ation or two1 & s we h practically no mat]ial to illu/rate ! *anges :i* took place betwe5 ! ,conque/ & ! pres5t day4 ,mu* w ev5tually be le>n$ 9 reg>d to sev5te5? & eighte5? c5tury ,pueblo pott]y1 b ! "w w h to be done l>gely on ! basis ( %]ds f ! rubbi% heaps ( ! old] t[ns1 & su* brok5 pieces z may be f\nd "u ! fall5 walls ( ab&on$ dwell+s4 ,we c1 h[ev]1 supplem5t ?is rese>* by work+ backw>ds1 s to speak1 f ! mod]n w>es4 ,if we c acquire a ?or\gh k ( !m x w be mu* easi] to und]/& ! fragm5t>y mat]ial we %all h to deal ) 9 /udy+ ! e>ly hi/oric p]iod4 ,we %\ld accord+ly collect all possible data z to ! w>es turn$ out 9 rec5t ye>s at ! v>i\s pott]y-mak+ ,pueblos4 ,! t]m pott]y-mak+ ,pueblos is us$ advis$ly1 =1 que]ly en\gh1 no pott]y is manufactur$ at a numb] ( ! t[ns4 ,if ?is condition _h come ab\t )9 ! la/ decade x w\ld be easy to acc\nt =1 z t9 oil cans = hold+ wat]1 enamell$ pots = cook+1 & *9a di%es = s]v+ food h lately be5 pu%+ native pott]y out ( use4 ,b no pott]y1 o!r ?an r\gh cook+ w>e1 has be5 made = a long "t at ,taos1 ,picuris1 ,san ,felipe1 ,jemez1 & ,s&ia2 :ile ! art is practically or :olly ext9ct at ,laguna1 ,isleta1 & ,santa ,ana4 ,pott]s occasionally m>ry into ^! t[ns & cont9ue to ex]cise _! craft1 b !y seem to h no disciples among _! daught]s or among ! local tribeswom54 ,at all ! o!r ,pueblos1 h[ev]1 pott+ is /ill c>ri$ on1 b 9 mo/ cases ) a decreas+ output & a lam5table deg5]ation 9 te*nique4 ,! vessels1 be+ mo/ly made to sell to t\ri/s or curio deal]s1 are c>elessly fa%ion$1 crudely decorat$1 & insuffici5tly fir$4 ,good contempor>y pieces ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #e ,,old ,,mod]n ,,san ,,ildefonso ,,w>es a1 c1 d4 ,poly*rome4 b1 e4 ,black-on-r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #f ,c\rtesy ,k4 ,m4 ,*apman ,,pres5t-,,day ,,poly*rome ,,w>e ,,by ,,m>ia ,,m>t9ez are becom+ r>e1 & ! old] vessels1 :i* are naturally ! be/ mat]ial = /udy1 are n[ almo/ gone f ! villages4 ,"s pieces1 h[ev]1 are /ill left1 & _m m are 9 ! h&s ( ,mexicans & ,am]icans liv+ 9 ! ,s\?we/4 ,^! %\ld be got into ! cu/ody ( museums z rapidly z possible1 = pott]y is fragile /uff & e ye> sees ! breakage ( _m unreplacable old vessels4 ,excell5t "w 9 collect+ & pres]v+ ! old] pieces is be+ done by c]ta9 resid5ts ( ,santa ,fe1 :o h organiz$ ! 8,s\?we/]n ,pott]y ,fund04 ,9 spite ( limit$ res\rces !y h got toge!r a mo/ rem>kable collection f ! ,ea/]n pueblos1 & are con/antly add+ to x z specim5s come into ! m>ket4 ,a plate %[+ a typical example ( old mod]n decorat$ w>e f ea* ( ! pott]y-mak+ pueblos is "h giv51 9 ord] t ! read] may appreciate ! /rik+ diff]5ces :i* obta9 7pl4 #c72 ,san ,ildefonso vessels ( ?is p]iod are illu/rat$ else:]e 7pls4 #d1 #e74 ,9 clos+ ?is introduction some?+ %\ld be said ( ! old] ,san ,ildefonso w>es1 & ( ! rem>kable r5aissance :i* has l$ to ! high arti/ic a*ievem5ts ( ! pres5t-day pott]s4 ,( ! pott]y made at ,san ,ildefonso dur+ ! e>ly hi/oric p]iod we h z yet no def9ite k1 b f ! fact t ! %]ds at ! ru9$ pueblo ( ,cuyamong1 a ,tewa village only a few miles f ,san ,ildefonso :i* 0 ab&on$ 9 #afih1 are closely simil> to ! sev5te5? c5tury w>es ( ,pecos1 we may conclude t ! ,san ,ildefonso product ( t "t also bore resemblance to t ( ,pecos4 ,! ,pecos w>es 9 "q h z yet be5 b briefly describ$4#c ,! foll[+ are ! lead+ v>ieties3 r\gh black cook+ w>e2 poli%$ r$2 poli%$ black2 & decorat$ w>e ( two v>ieties1 black-on-buff1 & black-&-r$-on-buff4 ,! ornam5tation is 9 heavy black l9es1 = ! mo/ "p sloppily drawn1 b ! designs are bold1 free1 & effective4 ,al?\gh ^! /yles all diff] to "s ext5t f ! c]amics ( late n9ete5? c5tury ,san ,ildefonso1 ! arti/ic & te*nical relation%ip ( ! two gr\ps is evid5t at a glance4 ,! pr9cipal diff]5ces lie 9 ! mu* great] am\nt ( poli%$ r$ f\nd at ,pecos1 & 9 ! abs5ce f ,pecos ( a black-on-r$ decorat$ w>e made at ,san ,ildefonso4 ,:at we "k ( n9ete5? c5tury ,san ,ildefonso pott]y is d]iv$ f pieces f\nd 9 ! pueblo :5 collect+ began ab\t #ahgj2 & f vessels secur$ betwe5 t date & #aijj4 ,! olde/ examples we h 7 ?us probably n made mu* be=e #ahej1 & ! great bulk ( ! specim5s n[ 9 museums & 9 private h&s 7 presumably turn$ out dur+ ! la/ ?ird ( ! c5tury4 ,?is mat]ial 7aside f cook+ pots1 ( :i* ! old] collections conta9 practically no examples7 is divisible into five types1 two pla9 & ?ree decorat$4 ,! pla9 w>es are poli%$ black & poli%$ r$2 ! decorat$ are black-on-buff1 black-&-r$-on-buff 7usually call$ poly*rome71 & black-on-r$4 ,! poli%$ black & poli%$ r$ are1 z ,dr4 ,gu! br+s out 9 great] detail bel[ 7p4 #gd71 m]ely v>iants ( ! same w>e--! r$ be+ produc$ by a prelim9>y burn+ 9 a m or less op5 fire--! black by smo!r+ ! fire ) pulv]iz$ manure at a late /age 9 ! burn+4 ,vessels ( bo? sorts 7 evid5tly made at ,san ,ildefonso dur+ ! p]iod "u discussion1 ! r$ r>ely1 ! black fairly commonly4 ,x is usually suppos$ t ! mak+ ( ^! w>es1 p>ticul>ly ! poli%$ black1 0 conf9$ to ! ne>by t[n ( ,santa ,cl>a1 & vessels ( ! latt] type are ord9>ily ref]r$ to z 8,santa ,cl>a black04 ,?is is a natural en\gh error z ! ,santa ,cl>a turn out no?+ b ! poli%$ w>es1 & until ! la/ t5 ye>s !y l$ all ! o!r pueblos 9 ! excell5ce ( _! manufacture4 ,! ,indians ( ,san ,ildefonso1 h[ev]1 say t !y h always made poli%$ black pott]y1 & :ile its production may h p>tly or :olly laps$ dur+ ! #ij's & e>ly #aijj's1 !re is little d\bt t _m ( ! old] specim5s1 su* z ! ones "h illu/rat$ 7pl4 #d71 are actually f ,san ,ildefonso4 ,! majority ( ! examples ( old black are l>ge /orage j>s ) full1 r\nd bodies & relatively small orifices2 !re are also capaci\s b[l-l vessels 7call$ by ! ,mexicans cajetes71 :i* 7 us$ = ! mix+ ( d\gh4 ,! old pieces are less meticul\sly f9i%$ ?an are ^? ( today1 b _! deep1 velvety black lu/re is ( ev5 great] beauty ?an ! extremely high poli% ( ! mod]n pieces4 ,! black-on-buff decorat$ w>e 0 evid5tly ! commone/ v>iety ( n9ete5? c5tury pott]y4 ,x took ! =m ( pray]-meal b[ls 7small op5 vessels ) t]rac$ sides72 m$ium-siz$ pots 7pl4 #c1 e72 & l>ge /orage j>s 7pl4 #d74 ,! w>e1 l all ,san ,ildefonso "w1 is ?ick & heavy1 giv+ a 8wood5y0 s\nd :5 tapp$4 ,! surface color is a creamy buff & ! decoration is 9 deep black pigm5t4 ,! bottoms ( all ! pieces1 & ! int]iors ( ! necks ( ! j>s1 are pa9t$ r$4 ,! g5]al nature ( ! elaborate designs is be/ br\ght out by ! illu/rations4#d ,black-&-r$-on-buff or poly*rome 0 app>5tly n an abundant /yle 9 old times4 ,its occurr5ce at ,cuyamong & at ,pecos1 h[ev]1 seem to indicate t x 0 always made at ,san ,ildefonso4 ,!re are also 9 museums & private collections pieces :i* appe> to be z old z any ( ! examples ( non-poly*rome4 ,! /yle 0 seem+ly limit$ to b[ls & small j>s 7pl4 #e74 ,! w>e itself is ! same z ! =ego+1 b v>i\s areas 9 ! decorations 7:i* !mselves seem to diff] f ^? ( ! black-on-buff7 are fill$ 9 ) a purpli% r$ pa9t ( v *>act]i/ic %ade4 ,! r$-on-black1 l ! poly*rome1 0 n common4 ,z 0 said above1 x is abs5t f ,pecos & ,cuyamong1 !re=e x is app>5tly ( fairly rec5t orig9 9 ! ,rio ,gr&e4 ,its introduction or inv5tion may1 inde$1 date f z rec5t a "t z #ahej4 ,x diff]s f ! buff w>es 9 hav+ a d>k r$ slip1 mu* m highly poli%$ ?an are ! buff slips4 ,! decoration is 9 deep black4 ,no l>ge pieces1 z f> z ,i "k1 7 made1 mo/ specim5s be+ small globul> j>s )\t necks4 ,"o ( ^! & a vase-l vessel are illu/rat$ 7pl4 #e74 ,su* 0 ! pott]y ( ,san ,ildefonso dur+ ! second half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,t[>d ! end ( t p]iod1 h[ev]1 a m>k$ deg5]ation set 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #g ,c\rtesy ,k4 ,m4 ,*apman ,,pres5t-,,day ,,san ,,ildefonso ,,pott]y a1 b4 ,black-on-r$ by ,antonita ,roybal4 c4 ,poly*rome1 by ,m>ia ,m>t9ez--"o black-on-r$ piece by ,maximiliana ,m>t9ez4 ,?is 0 due to ! sub/itution = native pott]y ( ,am]ican ut5sils = cook+1 food-s]v+1 & conta9+ wat]2 & to ! gr[+ t5d5cy to produce pott]y = sale to curio /ores & t\ri/s r ?an = home use4 ,! black-on-buff w>e & ! poli%$ black 7 giv5 up entirely1 ! pott]s conc5trat+ on ! m %[y black-on-r$ & p>ticul>ly on ! poly*rome4 ,9 ! case ( ! black-on-r$ ! high gloss ( ! old] pieces 0 no long] produc$1 & ! pa9t1 be+ nei!r c>efully mix$ nor suffici5tly ag$ 7see p4 #bf7 develop$ on fir+ a dull1 blui% ca/4 ,! poly*rome also fell (f 9 te*nical p]fection & 9 arti/ic excell5ce4 ,! old1 dull1 purpli% r$s 7 replac$ by bright] colors1 ! designs became flamboyant1 & _m ugly non-,indian vessel %apes 7 introduc$ 7fig4 #d74 ,?is /ate ( affairs w5t f bad to worse until1 9 #aijg1 ! pott]'s art at ,san ,ildefonso 0 9 a ?or\ghly bad way4 ,a few wom51 h[ev]1 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,bad examples ( mod]n pott]y--un-,indian %apes & slip%od decoration4 reta9$ some?+ ( ! old craftsman%ip & 7 ready to pr(it by ! opportunity :i* 0 ab\t to pres5t itself4 ,9 #aijg ,dr4 ,e4 ,l4 ,hewett ( ! ,s*ool ( ,am]ican ,rese>* began a s]ies ( excavations 9 ! anci5t ru9s ( ! ,paj>ito ,plateau4 ,! digg]s 7 all ,tewa ,indians f ,san ,ildefonso4 ,!y prov$ to be excell5t %ovelm51 :o took a ke5 int]e/ 9 ev]y?+ !y f\nd4 ,!y help$ u id5tify _m specim5s :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 puzzl+1 & _! comm5ts on ! pott]y1 & especially on ! designs1 7 mo/ illum9at+4 ,! wom5 ( ! ,pueblo1 :5 visit+ camp1 (t5 held animat$ discussions z to ! vessels f ! ru9s1 & x 0 sugge/$ to "s :o 7 kn[n to be good pott]s1 t !y attempt to revive _! art1 & try to emulate ! excell5ce ( ! anci5t w>es4 ,:ile ! response 0 n imm$iate1 !re 0 obs]vable1 dur+ ! next few ye>s1 a di/9ct improvem5t 9 ! pott]y ( ,san ,ildefonso4 ,realiz+ ! importance ( ?is1 ! au?orities ( ! ,museum ( ,new ,mexico & ! ,s*ool ( ,am]ican ,rese>* ?rew !mselves he>tily into ! task ( /imulat+ ! indu/ry4 ,!y urg$ ! wom5 to d bett] & bett] "w1 & 9 p>ticul> induc$ !m to return to ! s\nd canons ( native art4 ,"s old pieces rema9$ 9 ! pueblo1 _m o!rs 7 9 ! ,museum1 ( /ill o!rs photographs 7 obta9$4 ,^! 7 all br\ght to ! att5tion ( ! pott]s4 ,! und]tak+ 0 n an easy "o1 h[ev]1 = x 0 difficult to get mo/ ( ! wom5 to g to ! tr\ble ( mak+ good pieces :5 ! t\ri/s1 :o 7 /ill ! pr9cipal pur*as]s1 7 equally or ev5 bett] pleas$ ) imitations ( *9a wat]-pit*]s1 ill-made ra+ods1 & c&le/icks4 ,! problem ?us resolv$ itself into "o ( supply+ a m>ket4 ,! ,museum b\ght _m good pieces1 & ,mr4 ,*apman1 :o f ! beg9n+ _h be5 a lead+ _s 9 ! attempt at rehabilitat+ ! art1 himself pur*as$ l>ge am\nts ( pott]y1 nev] refus+ a cr$itable piece1 nev] accept+ a bad "o4 ,progress 0 sl[1 b ev5tually c]ta9 wom51 becom+ int]e/$ 9 _! "w1 made real progress bo? te*nically & arti/ically4 ,_! products began to sell m freely & at bett] prices ?an did ^? ( o!rs4 ,antonita ,roybal1 ,ramona ,gonzales1 ,maximiliana ,m>t9ez1 & ,m>ia ,m>t9ez all turn$ out f9e vessels1 ! two latt] be+ greatly aid$ by _! husb&s1 :o develop$ into skillful decorators4 ,m>ia especially %one4 ,by #aiae %e _h f> surpass$ all ! o!rs1 h] pots 7 9 great dem&1 & at ! pres5t "t %e has a ready m>ket1 at prices :i* t5 ye>s ago w\ld h seem$ fanta/ic1 = ev]y?+ %e c f9d "t to make4 ,h] income is probably n less ?an #b1jjj4jj a ye>1 & foll[+ h] example1 _m o!r wom5 are n[ do+ f9e "w & are e>n+ sub/antial am\nts4 ,! b5eficial effect ( ?is on ! pueblo has naturally be5 great4 ,new h\ses h be5 built1 new f>m ma*9]y1 bett] food1 & w>m] clo?+ h be5 b\ght1 &1 be/ ( all1 !re has be5 acquir$ a :olesome feel+ ( indep5d5ce & ( accompli%m5t1 ! value ( :i* _c be gaug$ 9 doll>s & c5ts4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( c]amics ! developm5t has be5 mo/ int]e/+4 ,m>ia began ) ! manufacture ( poly*rome w>e1 z t 0 ! /yle mo/ commonly be+ made at ! "t4 ,! %apes 7 improv$1 ! f9i% ( ! surfaces 0 giv5 great] att5tion1 & ! decorations 7 appli$ ) a sur]1 m delicate t\* 7pl4 #f2 pl4 #g1 c74 ,black-on-r$ w>e 0 tak5 9 h&1 ! oldtime poli% 0 re/or$1 ! vegetable pa9t prop]ly prep>$ & ag$ 7pl4 #g1 a1 b74 ,poli%$ black 0 also re9troduc$2 pieces ( ?is sort1 ) _! simple1 graceful %apes & high black gloss sold s well t !y soon became an important product 7pl4 #h1 b74 ,9 #aiba1 z ,dr4 ,gu! records 7p4 #bd71 ,m>ia discov]$ h[ to apply to poli%$ vessels dull designs :i* give ! appe>ance ( be+ et*$ 7pl4 #h1 a74 ,?is me?od 0 9 its infancy :5 ,dr4 ,gu! made 8 /udy1 b x has s9ce prov$ s rem>kably successful t x bids fair to drive out completely ! mak+ ( pla9 poli%$ w>e4 ,late 9 ! pa/ autumn !re appe>$ at ! ,indian ,fair 9 ,santa ,fe1 "s pieces ( a w>m p9ki% color1 an entirely new dep>ture 9 ,san ,ildefonso pott]y mak+1 & "o :i* promises mu* ( int]e/4 ,developm5ts & *anges 9 design h kept pace ) ! improvem5ts 9 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #h ,c\rtesy ,k4 ,m4 ,*apman ,,pres5t-,,day ,,poli%$ ,,black ,,w>es te*nique1 yet ! developm5t has be5 purely ,indian1 & ! basic processes ( today are ess5tially ! same z !y 7 a hundr$ or a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,a some:at simil> revival has tak5 place at ! ,hopi t[ns 9 ,arizona4 ,9 #ahig ,dr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,fewkes ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology 0 excavat+ ! ru9 ( ,sikyatki ne> ,fir/ ,mesa4 ,nampeo1 a woman ( ,hano1 ! wife ( "o ( ! workm51 obs]v$ ! beautiful old b[ls t came f ! graves1 skillfully copi$ _! designs & !n se>*$ out b$s ( clay t c\ld be burn$ to ! exact %ades ( ! anci5t pieces4 ,h] "w 0 a direct imitation ( a lo/ /yle r ?an a developm5t1 su* z ,m>ia's1 ( a curr5t "o2 b ! effect has be5 no less extraord9>y4 ,nampeo's b[ls & ollas 7 s attractive t !y sold well2 !y 7 copi$ by o!r wom5 = sale & = _! own use1 & ?us ! pott]'s art ( ! ,hopi 0 n only greatly /imulat$ b also radically *ang$4 ,9 addition to _! economic importance1 ! cases ( ,san ,ildefonso & ,hopi are ( great int]e/ z an?ropological ph5om5a4 ,! /imulus at bo? places 0 ( c\rse p>tly comm]cial1 b x c\ld sc>cely h act$ )\t an inh]5t capacity = rapid arti/ic & te*nical progress among ! ,indians !mselves1 nor c\ld x possibly h br\ght ab\t su* great results )\t ! inspir+ example ( exceptionally gift$ lead]s4 ,x is1 !re=e1 q conceivable t o!r /imuli1 z ! discov]y ( new clays ( surpass+ excell5ce1 or ( f9e new pigm5ts1 may h prov$ equally pot5t 9 anci5t times1 & t "s ( ! /rik+ mutations 9 pott]y mak+1 :i* h s puzzl$ ar*aeologi/s1 may h be5 orig9ally />t$ by su* discov]ies1 & be5 br\ght to fruition by ! g5ius ( prehi/oric ,m>ias & ,nampeos4 ,a4 ,v4 ,,kidd] ,director ,pecos ,exp$ition ,,pueblo ,,pott]y ,,mak+ ,,by ,,c>l ,e4 ,,gu! ,! ,pueblo ( ,san ,ildefonso is a ,tewa village ( ab\t "o hundr$ p1 situat$ on ! ea/ bank ( ! ,rio ,gr&e "s tw5ty miles nor!a/ ( ,santa ,fe1 ,new ,mexico4 ,san ,ildefonso 0 *os5 = ! pres5t /udy because its wom5 h always be5 skillful pott]s1 & "u ! wise & fri5dly enc\ragem5t ( ! au?orities ( ! ,s*ool ( ,am]ican ,rese>* at ,santa ,fe h ( rec5t ye>s be5 /eadily improv+ 9 _! "w )\t1 h[ev]1 sacrific+ any ( _! native me?ods4 ,fur!rmore1 !y make m v>ieties ( pott]y ?an are turn$ out at any o!r "o village4 ,la/1 & 9 "s ways mo/ important1 ! m5 ( ,san ,ildefonso h = a long "t be5 accu/om$ to "w 9 ! v>i\s excavations c>ri$ on by ! ,s*ool1 cordial relations h be5 e/abli%$1 ! confid5ce ( ! ,indians has be5 ?or\ghly won1 & ,i did n enc\nt] t retic5ce t[>d /rang]s1 s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,rio ,gr&e ,pueblos1 because ,i 0 kn[n to be a fri5d ( _! fri5ds4 ,to ! ,pueblo woman pott]y mak+ is simply "o ( ! me*anical h\sehold tasks1 j z di%wa%+ is among u4 ,ne>ly e woman at ,san ,ildefonso is a pott]1 good1 bad1 or indiff]5t4 ,9 two cases1 at lea/1 wom5 h develop$ into real arti/s1 & are reliev$ ( o!r h\sehold duties 9 ord] to devote _! "t to pott]y mak+4 ,ea* pott] ( today wat*$ h] "m make innum]able pots :ile %e 0 gr[+ up1 & n[ ) a family ( h] own1 %e makes pott]y j z did h] "m4 ,_m /eps & small details are c>ri$ out = no o!r reason ?an t ! "m us$ to d likewise4 ,obvi\sly e pott] has h] own te*nique1 :i* diff]s slightly f t ( o!rs4 ,! daught]s 9 "o family "w 9 m ne>ly ! same mann] ?an outsid]s1 because !y all h _h ! same tea*]4 ,9 ?is report ! attempt has be5 made n only to record ! ess5tial /eps 9 ! mak+ ( pott]y1 b also to note individual v>iations z an index ( ! am\nt ( latitude a giv5 process may p]mit4 ,because religion & c]emony play s important a role 9 ! ev]yday life ( ! ,pueblo ,indians1 x is c]ta9 t !re mu/ be involv$ 9 ! mak+ ( pott]y & p>ticul>ly 9 its decoration1 a mass ( esot]ic beliefs & practises4 ,! ,pueblos1 h[ev]1 are s loa? to ref] 9 any way to ! my/ical side ( _! exi/5ce1 &1 if x is ev5 m5tion$1 at once become s suspici\s1 t x seem$ be/ to /e] cle> ( all allusion to su* matt]s4 ,! pres5t report1 !re=e1 conf9es itself to a description & discussion ( ! purely te*nical side ( ! pott]'s art4 ,! writ] is indebt$ to ! /aff ( ! ,s*ool ( ,am]ican ,rese>*1 especially to ,mr4 ,k5ne? ,m4 ,*apman1 = ! facilities giv5 = & ! int]e/ %[n 9 ! "w2 also to ! ,gov]nor ( ,san ,ildefonso1 ,juan ,gonzales1 = 8 cordial cop]ation4 ,( ! eight in=mants us$1 ,m>ia1 wife ( ,julian ,m>t9ez1 & ,antonita1 wife ( ,juan ,cruz ,roybal1 %\ld specially be m5tion$ because ( _! con/ant pati5ce1 & _! will+ness to answ] ! _m que/ions :i* to !m mu/ (t5 h seem$ absurd4 ,?anks are also due to ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york1 = ! photographs ( pott]y mak+ at ,zui 7pls4 #bh-ca7 :i* are introduc$ 9 ?is pap] = comp>ative purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #i ,,w9n[+ ,,clay a4 ,h& me?od4 ,z ! mat]ial is sift$ ?r\gh ! uplift$ h&s1 ! w9d bl[s ! f9e1 pure clay ^u ! %awl at ! left1 :ile ! heavi] impurities drop back on ! pile4 b4 ,basket me?od4 ,! clay is repeat$ly toss$ upw>d f ! basket1 until all ! f9e p>ticles h be5 bl[n out & h fall5 ^u ! %awl4 ,,raw ,,mat]ials2 ,,collection1 ,,& ,,prep>ation ,,+r$i5ts ,r$ ,clay#e ,! region mo/ (t5 visit$ = obta9+ ?is clay is directly s\? ( ,san ,ildefonso1 ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile f ! village itself1 9 ! arroyos ( ! l[ hills4#f ,! deposit lies directly "u a s&/one l$ge & spreads ov] a consid]able area4 ,! clay is 9 ! =m ( s(t e>?1 easily scoop$ up ) ! h&4 ,9 ga!r+ x ! ,indians fir/ scrape (f ! top half-in* or s1 :i* conta9s impurities su* z small pebbles & twigs4 ,:5 an area f two to ?ree feet 9 diamet] has be5 cle>$ 9 ?is way1 ! clay itself is scoop$ into a loose pile 9 ! c5tre ( ! space1 & transf]r$ by ! cupp$ h&s into a woman's %awl or a gunny-sack1 & s transport$ to ! h\se on ! back4#g ,"o me?od ( clean+ ! clay may be us$ ei!r at ! b$s or at home4 ,! mat]ial is w9n[$ l :eat to remove small pebbles & f9e gravel1 ei!r ( :i* w ru9 a vessel4 ,! l>g] impurities are ( c\rse pick$ out by h&4 ,! clo? conta9+ ! clay is plac$ 9 front ( ! woman & a second clo? or %awl is spread on ! gr\nd to leew>d ( h]4 ,a gu/y w9d requires sev]al %ift+s ( ! %awl1 to ! woman's evid5t annoyance4 ,a d\ble h&ful is lift$ & all[$ to sift ?r\gh ! f+]s2 ! f9e p>ticles & du/ are bl[n ^u ! %awl by ! w9d1 :ile ! heavi] pieces fall aga9 ^u ! pile ( unclean$ clay 7pl4 #i1 a74 ,! height to :i* ! h&s are lift$1 v>y+ f ?ree to five feet1 ! spe$ ( ! movem5ts1 & ! rapidity ) :i* ! mat]ial is all[$ to sift ?r\gh ! f+]s1 all dep5d ^u ! =ce ( ! w9d4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( lift+ ! clay 9 ! h&s1 x is all[$ to fl[ ov] ! side ( a %all[ basket tilt$ t[>d ! woman at ! level ( h] %\ld]2 ! co>s] p>ticles fall /raight d[n 9 front ( h] on ! pile ( unclean$ clay4 ,ano!r v>iation is to toss ! clay into ! air f a %all[ basket 7pl4 #i1 b74 ,! movem5t is repeat$ quickly & rhy?mically2 ! w9d z be=e bl[+ ! f9e /uff on ! %awl1 :ile ! co>se p>ticles fall back into ! basket4 ,aft] ?is toss+ has be5 repeat$ a doz5 or m times1 ! residue1 :i* consi/s mo/ly ( co>se impurities1 is ?r[n away4 ,! process occupies approximately half an h\r1 dep5d+ some:at ^u ! am\nt ( clay h&l$4 ,! clean$ clay1 :i* is n[ ready = mix+1 is by no means entirely du/2 x conta9s no lumps1 b flaky p>ticles fully ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* across are (t5 f\nd 9 x4 ,if at ! "t ( ga!r+ ! w9d is n /rong en\gh = w9n[+1 ! unclean$ clay is br\ght to ! h\se4 ,"h x may be kept = a w9dy day1 or may at once be sift$ ?r\gh an ord9>y kit*5 sieve ( m$ium l>ge me%4 ,! clay1 :5 clean$1 may be /or$ 9 a v>iety ( receptacles 7pott]y vessels1 sacks1 or boxes71 or1 if x is ! int5tion ( ! woman to use x )9 a few days1 x is simply left 9 ! %awl4 ,dur+ ! fall ! ,indians ga!r great quantities ( clay1 & pile x on ! floor 9 ! corn] ( a room = use dur+ ! w9t] :5 ! clay b$s are froz54 ,! prep>ation ( ! clay = use consi/s ( two processes1 mix+ & knead+4 ,! mix+1 :i* z a rule imm$iately prec$es ! knead+1 consi/s ( ! addition ( temp] 7see page #ba74 ,?is is done :ile bo? +r$i5ts are dry4 ,diff]5t v>ieties ( clay are n mix$ toge!r4 ,! "w is done on a piece ( canvas1 an op5$ cem5t-sack1 or ! inn] side ( a sk9 7usually t ( a goat or dog74#h ,ei!r ! clay or ! temp] may be put on ! mix+ surface fir/2 ! o!r +r$i5t is !n add$1 & ! :ole is sift$ ?r\gh ! f+]s until ! mass is uni=m 9 color4 ,! ,indians h no def9ite idea ( ! necess>y proportions4 ,!y judge simply by ! color ( ! result+ mixture4 ,! proportions us$ by ?ree diff]5t in=mants seem$ to be ab\t "o-?ird temp] & two-?irds clay4 ,be=e mix+1 ! clay is r$di% br[n2 ! addition ( temp] light5s ! color sev]al %ades4 ,! scrap+s f p>tly f9i%$ vessels 7see page #ed7 & ! gr\nd-up fragm5ts ( pots :i* h crack$ badly 9 ! c\rse ( sun-dry+ are us$ a second "t4 ,?is re-us$ clay1 s9ce x already has temp] 9 x1 does n ne$ to be mix$ ov] aga94 ,x is m+l$ ) newly mix$ clay j be=e knead+1 or is knead$ by itself1 z occasion dem&s4 ,! knead+ is usually done on ! same canvas or sk9 t 0 us$ = ! mix+4 ,if a l>ge am\nt ( clay is to be treat$ at "o "t1 a quantity ( wat] is p\r$ into a holl[ =m$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! pile4 ,lat]1 z ! work$ clay or pa/e approa*es ! prop] consi/5cy1 wat] is spr9kl$ ov] x ) "o h&1 j z clo!s are spr9kl$1 at fir/ copi\sly1 lat] m sp>+ly4 ,at ! beg9n+1 ! entire mass is knead$ until ! wat] has be5 ?or\ghly absorb$4 ,:5 ! pa/e is wet1 x becomes ( c\rse consid]ably d>k]4 ,x is !n divid$ into masses :i* c easily be h&l$1 ab\t ! size ( two l>ge loaves ( :ite bread4 ,! woman works ! pa/e to a uni=m consi/5cy 9 exactly ! same way t d\gh is knead$ 7pl4 #ab1 a71 & piles ! masses1 n[ ready = use 9 m\ld+1 on a bo>d or canvas1 cov]+ !n ) a piece ( clo? to keep !m damp until !y come "u ! pott]'s h&s4 ,! consi/5cy is t ( putty1 j dry en\gh to crack if p9*$4 ,! mix+ & knead+ c be complet$ 9 half an h\r4#i ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aj a4 ,indian digg+ mat]ial = temp]+ pott]y f an outcrop ne> ! village4 b4 ,guaco1 or ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,bee ,plant1 f ! juice ( :i* is made black pa9t = decorat+ pott]y4 ,:ite ,clay ,:ite clay is us$ int]*angeably ) r$1 b ! two are nev] mix$4 ,x is obta9$ 9 ! bad-l&s to ! nor!a/ ( ,san ,ildefonso1 f ! side ( an arroyo at "s di/ance f ! village4 ,! ,indians dig x1 br+ x home1 & prep>e x 9 exactly ! same mann] z ! r$ clay4 ,! color1 :5 dry1 is greyi% :ite2 :5 wet1 br[ni% grey4 ,temp] ,! ,indians ( ,san ,ildefonso obta9 _! temp]+ mat]ial f outcrops along ! ,santa ,fe-,espaola road1 9 ! vic9ity ( ! l&m>k kn[n z ,camel ,rock4 ,ne> ! cre/ ( ! fir/ high hill cross$ by ! road nor? ( ,camel ,rock1 j we/ ( ! road1 9 ! ea/]n bank ( ! cut ( ! old ab&on$ road1 is a small cave made by ! digg+ ( ?is temp] 7pl4 #aj1 a74 ,!re is ano!r outcrop 9 ! ridge ( :i* ,camel ,rock is a "p4 ,?is m9]al is a v light grey 9 color4 ,:5 fre%ly expos$ to ! air x is s(t & crumbly--fragm5ts z l>ge z ! fi/ c be cru%$ 9 ! h&--b aft] be+ expos$ = "s "t x h>d5s4 ,:5 *opp$ out ) an axe or hat*et x takes ! =m ( small fragm5ts & f9e p[d]4 ,!re are ve9s & nodules ( a h>d yell[ rock 9 ! /ratum1 :i* are *opp$ out & ?r[n away4 ,! s\rce ( ! temp] is at su* a di/ance f ! pueblo t trips to x are made only at long int]vals :5 a l>ge quantity is secur$ 9 cem5t-bags1 & c>ri$ home 9 a wagon4 ,two cem5t-bags may be fill$ ) f fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes' "w at ! qu>ry4 ,"s ( ! ,indians1 :ile /ill at ! qu>ry1 p\nd ! temp] ) an axe or hat*et1 or a /one1 to break ! l>g] pieces & remove ! co>s] impurities4 ,o!rs wait to clean x until rea*+ ! h\se4 ,9 ! latt] case ! temp] is spread on a clo? or sk92 ! sk9 be+ pref]r$ z (f]+ a smoo!r1 m resi/ant surface4 ,x is !n brok5 up by trampl+ x ) moccas9$ feet4 ,=m]ly ! ,indians gr\nd ! temp] on _! metates4 ,! f9al /ep 9 ! prep>ation is to pass ! mat]ial ?r\gh a sieve to remove ! small] impurities su* z s& & cru%$ rock4 ,be=e ! sieve 0 kn[n1 ! ,indians spread ! temp] 9 a v ?9 lay] on a bo>d or sk91 & w5t ov] x c>efully & pa9/ak+ly ) _! f+]s1 feel+ = any slight irregul>ities or r\gh places4 ,! temp] :5 clean$ is a f9e p[d]1 :i* looks & feels l dry cem5t4 ,x is /or$ 9 old cem5t-bags ready to be mix$ ) ! clay4 ,! purpose ( ! addition ( temp]+ mat]ial is to c\nt]act ! t5d5cy ( ! pure clay to crack dur+ ! %r9kage t takes place 9 sun-dry+ & 9 fir+4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !re is too mu* temp]1 ! clay becomes 8%ort0 & loses its adhesiv5ess4 ,! ,indians und]/& ?is fully1 = if vessels crack badly dur+ sun-dry+1 !y are gr\nd up1 & m temp] is add$ to ! pa/e be=e x is us$ aga92 if1 on ! o!r h&1 a pot w n reta9 its %ape :ile be+ m\ld$1 x is pull$ d[n1 m dry clay add$ to ! pa/e1 & ! mass reknead$4#aj ,cook+-,vessel1 or ,apa*e1 ,clay ,?is is v diff]5t f ! two o!r k9ds ( clays us$4 ,x is light br[n 9 color1 ) a l>ge quantity ( f9e mica flakes 9 x#aa2 x also has a di/9ctive odor4 ,:5 wet x smells clean] & fre%] ?an ! r$ or :ite clay1 l a newly pl[$ field aft] a %[]4 ,"s ( ! ,san ,ildefonso ,indians obta9 ?is clay f ,las ,tru*as1 a m\nta9 di/rict to ! nor!a/ ( ! village#ab2 o!rs get x f ,santa ,fe ,canyon4 ,x is dug ei!r ) ! h& or ) a small /ick1 & is br\ght to ! pueblo 9 ! =m ( small lumps4 ,:ile /ill 9 ?is condition1 x is /or$ 9 vessels or bags4 ,! prep>ation = use is v diff]5t f t ( ! o!r clays4 ,! lumps are put 9 a receptacle1 su* z an enamel$ wa%bas91 & suffici5t wat] is add$ to saturate !m4 ,if too mu* wat] has be5 mix$ 91 ! mass is put 9 ! sun to dry out = a :ile4 ,aft] ! clay has be5 ?or\ghly s(t5$ by ! wat]1 ! next /ep is to remove ! pebbles4 ,a small h&ful is c>efully & sl[ly squeez$ & knead$ 9 ! left h&1 :ile ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r are us$ to pick out ! num]\s small pebbles z !y are enc\nt]$4 ,aft] mo/ ( ^! h be5 remov$1 ! clay is put on a canvas or sk91 & a small "p ( x at a "t is flatt5$ out ) ! heel ( ! "r h&1 press+ away f ! body1 & aga9/ ! clo? or sk9 s z to produce a v ?9 lay]1 9 :i* ! small] pebbles are readily felt & f :i* !y c easily be elim9at$4 ,f9ally :5 ?is has be5 done ) all ! clay1 ! :ole mass is knead$ toge!r1 j z ! r$ & :ite clays are knead$4 ,:5 a uni=m consi/5cy has be5 atta9$--t ( putty--! mass is ready = use4 ,! removal ( pebbles & ! knead+ consume f "o-half to ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,! pebbles :i* h be5 remov$ are plac$ 9 a small l>d-pail conta9+ wat]1 & :5 ! clay adh]+ to !m has dissolv$1 !y are ?r[n away & ! clayey wat] is us$ 9 ! process ( m\ld+ ! pa/e4 ,! mo/ important diff]5ce betwe5 ?is clay & ! o!rs is t no temp] ( any k9d is mix$ ) x2 ! clay1 aft] be+ clean$1 is us$ 9 ! vessels j z x came out ( ! claypit4 ,! f9e mica flakes probably act z temp]4 ,,slips ,,& ,,pa9ts ,native ,slip#ac ,?is is a :ite1 flaky1 fairly s(t m9]al1 :i* is us$ 9 solution to give a :ite out] coat+ to ! bodies ( vessels4 ,x is f\nd at "s di/ance f ! pueblo1 beyond ! bad-l&s :i* are visible to ! nor!a/4 ,:5 ! ,indians rea* ! place !y pick up small /icks to use z digg+ tools1 b if ! deposit happ5s to be s(t en\gh1 ! mat]ial is m]ely scoop$ out ) ! h&4 ,x is c>ri$ home 9 %awls or bags1 & plac$ 9 ! sun to dry ?or\ghly2 !n /or$ 9 pott]y vessels1 usually ollas4 ,x receives no fur!r treatm5t at ?is "t4 ,:5 prep>+ x = use1 ! ,indians simply place x 9 wat] z x is1 9 small lumps4 ,! conta9] is ei!r a small pott]y vessel or an enamell$ bas94 ,a suffici5t am\nt is mix$ ) ! wat] to give x ! color ( milk1 b n to ?ick5 x4 ,occasionally ! consi/5cy ( ?9 cream is obta9$4 ,undissolv$ lumps rema9 9 ! solution4 ,santo ,dom+o ,slip ,?is sub/ance1 kn[n to ! ,indians ( ,san ,ildefonso ei!r z 8,santo ,dom+o :ite0 or 8,co*iti :ite01 is usually obta9$ f ! ,santo ,dom+o p2 x is dug1 accord+ to "s in=mants1 9 ! same mann] z ! native slip4 ,9 color & g5]al appe>ance x is exactly l ! latt]1 b its surface feels m soapy4 ,santo ,dom+o slip has l>gely replac$ ! native product1 because :5 appli$ x does n ne$ to be poli%$ ) a /one1 z does ! native slip4 ,x is prep>$ = use 9 exactly ! same mann] z ! native slip4 ,r$ ,slip ,?is is a r loose r$ e>?1 :i* is dug ei!r ) ! h&s or1 if conditions dem& x1 ) a small /ick4 ,! ,san ,ildefonso ,indians obta9 x ne> ,santa ,fe1 b n all ( ! wom5 "k ! exact location ( ! b$s4 ,"o in=mant said x 0 f\nd 9 ,santa ,fe ,canyon1 ea/ ( ! t[n1 a %ort di/ance bel[ ! ,apa*e clay b$s1 at a spot :]e ! convicts f ! ,p5it5ti>y get mat]ial = _! bricks4 ,!re are ?ree diff]5t colors ( clay at ?is place1 r$1 yell[1 & :ite4 ,! r$ is ! clay "u discussion4 ,! :ite is us$ to color ! wom5's moccas9s4#ad ,?is slip is h&l$ 9 mu* ! same mann] z ! o!r clays4 ,x is br\ght home 9 ! usual receptacles--ei!r %awls or bags--& plac$ 9 ! sun to dry ?or\ghly4 ,x is !n /or$1 usually 9 ollas or o!r e>!nw>e vessels1 )\t fur!r treatm5t4 ,!re are two ways ( prep>+ r$ slip = use1 accord+ to ! k9d ( vessel = :i* x is int5d$4 ,= poli%$ black w>e1 x is simply mix$ to a ?9 solution ) wat]4 ,= decorat$ r$ w>e1 ! process is slightly complicat$4 ,at "s previ\s "t1 equal p>ts ( temp] & native slip h be5 mix$ 9 wat] & all[$ to dry 9 cakes4 ,:5 desir$ = use on a vessel1 ! cakes are brok5 & r$issolv$ 9 wat]4 ,a suffici5t am\nt is put 9 to give ! wat] an opaque1 milky color1 b n to ?ick5 x4 ,to ?is mixture is add$ a ?9 solution ( ! r$ slip4 ,!re is1 app>5tly1 no def9ite rule 9 reg>d to ! am\nt ( ! r$ solution to be add$4 ,! woman simply puts 9 en\gh to give to ! slip1 :5 appli$ to a pot1 ! prop] %ade ( r$4 ,9 "s cases ?is mix+ ( ! r$ & :ite is done once = all at ! beg9n+ ( ! application ( ! r$ slip4 ,9 o!r cases ! woman has a b[l ( ea* solution beside h]1 & f "t to "t1 z %e works1 adds "s ( ! r$ to ! :ite4 ,9 ea* b[l lumps ( ! undissolv$ sub/ances /ill rema94 ,occasionally ! slip is /irr$ to ! consi/5cy ( cream1 b ne>ly always x has t ( wat]4 ,orange-,r$ ,slip ,?is sub/ance is a yell[ clayey e>?1 9 texture some:at l ! two :ite slips4 ,x occurs 9 ! 8,valle0 to ! we/1 beyond ! fir/ ,jemez range1 ne> ,ojo ,cali5te4 ,x is dug ) a /ick1 9 ! same mann] z ! native :ite1 & is c>ri$ home 9 %awls & bags4 ,be=e be+ /or$ x is put out 9 ! sun to dry ?or\ghly1 !n plac$ 9 ollas & kept until ne$$4 ,l ! o!r slips1 x is prep>$ = use by be+ mix$ ) wat]4 ,a saturat$ solution is made1 b ! consi/5cy rema9s t ( wat]4 ,?is mat]ial1 :i* 9 solution is a brilliant yell[1 is us$ = two purposes--z a slip to color ! bases ( b[ls & ollas1 & z a pa9t to supply ! r$ elem5ts ( poly*rome designs4 ,aft] be+ fir$ x assumes an orange-r$ or burnt-si5na color4#ae ,black ,w>e ,pa9t ,?is is a pa9t us$ = mak+ matte designs on poli%$ black w>e1 a new dep>ture 9 decorative te*nique fir/ us$ by ,m>ia & ,julian ,m>t9ez ( ,san ,ildefonso1 9 ,june1 #aiba4 ,! sub/ance is a h>d yell[ /one1 said to occur 9 ! 8,valle01 we/ ( ! ,jemez range1 ne> ,ojo ,cali5te1 9 ! same di/rict z ! orange-r$ pa9t4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 prep>+ ! pa9t = use is to scrape ! /one ) a knife4 ,! result+ p[d] is mix$ ) wat]1 & !re is !n add$ ab\t "o-f\r? z mu* dissolv$ 8guaco0 7see bel[7 z !re is pa9t4 ,x is said t ! purpose ( ! guaco is to make ! pa9t 8/ick0 to ! poli%$ surface4 ,?is pa9t1 :5 ready = use1 is kept 9 a small e>!nw>e or *9a di%4 ,! consi/5cy ( ! mixture1 l ! o!r pa9ts1 is t ( wat]4 ,black or ,guaco ,pa9t ,?is is ! only vegetable pa9t us$ by ! ,san ,ildefonso ,indians = ! decoration ( _! pott]y4 ,x is obta9$ f a v common we$1 kn[n z ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,bee ,plant1 or ,guaco1#af :i* gr[s 9 ! moi/] flats ( ?is di/rict 9 great pr(usion4 ,x fl[]s late 9 ,july & e>ly ,augu/1 & ! se$pods op5 t[>d ! fir/ ( ,septemb]4 ,! ,indians say x gr[s at a giv5 place only 9 alt]nate ye>s4 ,9 favorable spots ! plants atta9 a height ( five or six feet 7pl4 #aj1 b74 ,! plant is ga!r$ dur+ ,april & ,may1 :5 ! %oots are only six to t5 in*es high1 & !re=e t5d]4 ,great quantities ( x are c>ri$ home 9 %awls & bags4 ,x is plac$ ) wat] 9 ,apa*e-clay cook+-pots1 & is boil$ ov] an op5 fire1 nev] on a /ove4 ,z guaco has a bitt] ta/e 78hot l pepp]01 ! wom5 describe x7 :5 n cook$ suffici5tly1 x is necess>y to boil x until ?is unpleasant flavor has disappe>$4 ,ov] a hot fire half a day is long en\gh1 b (t5 a :ole day is requir$4 ,!n ! liquid is dra9$ into wide-m\!d e>!n vessels & plac$ 9 ! sun to h>d5 into a solid1 black1 r /icky1 mass4 ,"s wom5 reboil ! liquid until x ?ick5s1 be=e plac+ x 9 ! sun4 ,metal conta9]s are n us$1 because !y are said to spoil ! color4 ,! in=mants /at$ t h>d5$ guaco 0 n eat54 ,:5 x has become completely solidifi$ x is set away = future use 9 pa9t+4 ,x w keep indef9itely4 ,! residue 9 ! pot1 aft] ! liquid has be5 p\r$ (f consi/s ( t5d] /ems & leaves4 ,?is is eat5 by ! ,indians1 & is n unlike sp9a*4 ,! h>d5$ guaco juice is /or$ at lea/ a ye> be=e x is us$ 9 pa9t+2 ! long] x is kept ! bett] black x produces4 ,if x is us$ dur+ ! fir/ ye>1 ! result+ color on ! vessel is a /reaky blue-black4 ,guaco is prep>$ = use 9 pa9t+ 9 ! same mann] z ! o!r pigm5ts4 ,a *unk ( ! h>d5$ mass is brok5 (f & dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,"o in=mant makes a solution :i*1 al?\gh black1 has ! consi/5cy ( wat]4 ,! o!rs use a syrupy solution almo/ l ?9 molasses4 ,! pa9t has a di/9ctive1 n unpleasant1 vegetable odor1 & is r /icky4 ,any small1 wide-m\!d ,indian b[l1 n too %all[1 is us$ z a pa9t-cup4 ,9 ?is b[l !re is always a /irr+-/ick1 usually a spl9t] f a bo>d4 ,,fuel ,manure ,bo? c[-manure & horse-manure are us$ = fuel 9 burn+ pott]y1 b %eep-dung1 :5 obta9able1 is pref]r$1 because x is ?\ght to make a hott] fire4 ,! c[-manure is collect$ f ! corrals1 & :ile /ill s(t is patt$ into l>ge circul> cakes1 sixte5 to tw5ty in*es 9 diamet]4 ,^!1 aft] be+ h>d5$ 9 ! sun1 are /or$ 9 a dry room until ne$$4 ,su* circul> cakes1 ) ! h&-pr9ts %[+1 are usually employ$ = mak+ ! top ( ! ov54 ,! horse-manure is obta9$ f ! corrals 9 ! e>ly spr+1 :]e dur+ ! w9t] x has be5 trampl$ d[n by ! horses into a compact lay] a foot or m ?ick4 ,:5 ! corrals are clean$ dur+ ,april ?is deposit is cut ) an axe into *unks r\ghly two feet squ>e4 ,aft] be+ remov$1 ! squ>es are split ) an axe into slabs sev]al in*es ?ick1 :i* are !n /ood up aga9/ ! bases ( h\se or b>n walls to dry 9 ! sun1 & lat] /or$ indoors until ne$$4 ,disus$ bread-ov5s sometimes s]ve z tempor>y /orage places4 ,fur!r splitt+ ( ! slabs may be done at ! "t ( fir+4 ,:5 us$ 9 ! ov5s ! slabs are f "o to two in*es ?ick4 ,sometimes ! slabs ( manure are plac$ 9 ! sun = a day or two be=e be+ burn$1 b (t5 !y are tak5 directly f ! /ore-room to ! fire1 :]e !y are supplem5t$ by dri$ manure collect$ f ! pa/ures4 ,dur+ ! burn+ ( poli%$ black w>e 7see p4 #gd7 ! ov5 is smo!r$ ) loose manure1 :i* is br\ght 9 galvaniz$ wa%tubs directly f ! /ables & corrals1 ei!r at ! "t ( burn+1 or on ! prec$+ day4#ag ,k9dl+ ,= />t+ ! fire 9 ! ov5 no wood b c$> is ev] us$4 ,?is is cut into pieces f six to eighte5 in*es long & is split into f9e k9dl+ at ! "t ( burn+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aa ,g\rd spoons1 or kajepes1 us$ to %ape & smoo? ! walls ( vessels4 ,,p>aph]nalia ,,prim>y ,,p>aph]nalia ,e>!nw>e ,m\lds or 8,pukis0 ,^! m\lds are usually ! bases ( brok5 b[ls or ollas4 ,occasionally pieces ( pott]y are made especially = m\lds2 9 su* cases1 al?\gh !y are fir$1 !y are nei!r f9i%$ c>efully nor decorat$4 ,:5 a m\ld is to be us$1 a small am\nt ( temp] or wood a%es is plac$ 9 x1 s t ! vessel be+ m\ld$ w n /ick to x4#ah ,g\rd ,m\ld+ ,spoons or 8,kajepes0 ,^! spoon-l implem5ts 7pl4 #aa7 are made f pieces ( g\rd-r9d1 usually f brok5 rattles or dipp]s4 ,!y v>y greatly 9 size1 rang+ 9 diamet] f a little ov] "o in* to z mu* z f\r1 or f\r & a half1 in*es4 ,!re are also _m diff]5t %apes3 r\nd1 sev]al =ms ( ovals1 & a few :i* h "o concave edge4 ,! v>i\s %apes are us$ = ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! vessels4 ,z a g5]al rule ! l>g] kajepes are us$ on ! l>g] vessels4 ,ea* woman has f f\r to a doz5 ( ^! implem5ts1 :i* are di/9ctly individual1 = "o pott] %[s awkw>dness 9 h&l+ ! spoons ( ano!r4 ,x is said t pot%]ds 7 =m]ly us$ = ! same purpose z ^! g\rd spoons4#ai ,scrap]s ,two k9ds ( scrap]s are us$ at ! pres5t "t4 ,"o is ! top ( a bak+-p[d] c1 :i* is popul> because its %ape makes x possible to apply x to any "p ( a vessel4 ,! o!r scrap] is an ord9>y kit*5 case-knife4 ,! scrap+ ( ! vessels is done aft] !y h be5 dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,x is said t pot%]ds1 ) edges %>p5$ on a piece ( s&/one1 7 =m]ly us$4 ,poli%+ ,/ones ,v smoo?1 f9e-gra9$ pebbles ( v>i\s colors are us$ to put ! f9al f9i% on c]ta9 k9ds ( pott]y4 ,!y v>y consid]ably 9 size1 f ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* long to ?ree1 or ev5 ?ree & a half1 in*es4 ,x is impossible to classify !m by %ape1 except t ! l>g] ones are usually m flat ?an sph]ical4 ,mo/ ( ! /ones appe> to be wat]worn pebbles1 )\t any acute angles or %>p edges4 ,usually two surfaces ( ! /one are highly poli%$1 mo/ frequ5tly at ! ends1 :]e !y come 9 contact ) ! vessel4 ,"s specim5s %[ signs ( great we>4 ,ea* pott] has sev]al poli%+ /ones1 ! numb] v>y+ f sev5 to sixte52 !y are di/9ctly ! p]sonal prop]ty ( ! pott]1 & app>5tly h a semi-sacr$ significance4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y are heirlooms1 h&$ d[n f "m to daught]1 b additional /ones are pick$ up f ru9s :i* ! pott]s h visit$4 ,"o in=mant has f\r /ones :i* h] "m gave h]1 & ?ree :i* %e f\nd at ! ru9$ pueblo ( ,puy4 ,ano!r in=mant uses a /one t belong$ to h] great-gr&mo!r1 al?\gh h] favorite is a small "o :i* %e f\nd h]self at a ne>by ru94 ,/ones are sometimes l5t by "o pott] to ano!r1 b !y v seldom f9d _! way outside ! family gr\p4#bj ,pa9t ,bru%es ,^! bru%es are n>r[ sliv]s ( ! leaves ( yucca or soapwe$1 f five to six in*es long1 & f an eigh? to a qu>t] ( an in* wide4 ,= a di/ance ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,sliv]s ( yucca leaf ) %r$d$ ends1 us$ z pa9t bru%es = decorat+ pott]y4 ( ab\t an in* f "o end1 ! fibres are *ew$ & ?us sep>at$4 ,mo/ ( ! *ew$ fibres are !n cut (f1 & ! numb] rema9+ det]m9es ! f95ess ( ! po9t 7fig4 #e74 ,= v ?9 l9es a bru% ( only "o fibre is us$4 ,:5 out ( s]vice1 ! bru%es are kept 9 "s receptacle :i* w protect ! %r$d$ ends4 ,:5 ! implem5t is dry ! *ew$ fibres become /iff & r brittle1 & mu/ be h&l$ ) c>e2 be=e us+ !y are soak$ 9 wat] = two or ?ree m9utes 9 ord] to s(t5 !m4#ba ,,second>y ,,p>aph]nalia ,c>ry+ & ,/or+ ,receptacles ,! receptacles us$ = br++ clays & o!r +r$i5ts f ! pits to ! village v>y some:at accord+ to ! di/ance t ! mat]ial mu/ be c>ri$4 ,if ! b$s are close at h&1 ! mat]ial is plac$ 9 a %awl spread flat on ! gr\nd4 ,! %awl is !n pick$ up1 ! corn]s are ti$1 & ! bundle is c>ri$ on ! back4 ,sometimes gunny-sacks & cem5t-sacks are us$ in/ead4 ,if ! b$s are at "s di/ance f ! pueblo1 ! mat]ial is plac$ 9 sacks & br\ght home 9 ! body ( a wagon4 ,z a rule ! +r$i5ts br\ght home 9 %awls are transf]r$ to sacks or boxes = /orage4 ,pa9ts are kept 9 ollas1 ) ! exception ( ! guaco pa9t1 :i* is all[$ to rema9 9 ! b[l 9 :i* x is dri$4 ,mix+ ,surfaces ,:5ev] +r$i5ts are to be mix$ or cru%$1 ! "w is done ^u "s sort ( extra surface laid ^u ! floor4 ,?is surface is ab\t a y>d squ>e1 & may be1 app>5tly1 ( any suitable mat]ial--a bit ( old canvas1 an op5$-out cem5t-sack1 or a small sk9 su* z t ( a goat or dog4 ,simil> surfaces also s]ve = mix+ clay & temp]1 = clean+ temp]1 = mix+ ! pa/e ) wat] & knead+ x1 & f9ally = hold+ ! knead$ clay dur+ m\ld+4 ,p>tly f9i%$ vessels are plac$ ^u su* a surface at v>i\s /ages ( con/ruction4 ,= w9n[+ clay1 ! wom5's %awls are us$4 ,bo>ds ,no bo>ds are plac$ b5ea? ! pukis1 or m\ld+ trays1 :ile !y are be+ us$ on ! h>d floor ( ! h\se1 b 9 ! c\rty>d bo>ds are us$ "u !m 9 ord] t holes may n be worn 9 ! gr\nd dur+ ! con/ant turn+ necess>y 9 m\ld+ vessels4 ,:5 small vessels are complet$ !y are plac$ 9 r[s on a bo>d1 :]e !y rema9 dur+ ! e>ly /ages ( ! dry+ process4 ,rectangul>1 flat-bottom$ vessels are built directly on bo>ds1 or on l[ foot/ools made ( %ort bo>ds ) legs at ea* end4 ,wat] ,conta9]s ,:ile ! pott] is at "w1 %e always has beside h] a small l>d-pail p>tly fill$ ) wat]1 :i* s]ves to keep ! kajepes damp1 to moi/5 p>ts ( ! vessel1 & f "t to "t to clean h] h&s4 ,:5 ! kajepes are n 9 use1 !y are usually plac$ 9 ! pail4 ,at ,san ,ildefonso su* a pail is n[ ! only =m ( wat]-conta9]2 =m]ly pott]y b[ls 7 probably us$4 ,mops = ,slips ,^! mops are ! same = all slips4 ,ea* consi/s ( a rag1 fold$ & refold$ until x is ab\t an in* or an in* & a half wide & f two to two & a half in*es long4 ,"o end ( ! rag or mop is held betwe5 ! ?umb & ! fir/ two f+]s ( ei!r h&2 ! o!r end s]ves z a wide pa9t bru%4 ,! pott]s /ate t 9 =m] times a piece ( lea!r or sk9 s]v$ ! same purpose z ! clo? mop4#bb ,pa9t ,receptacles ,v>i\s receptacles hold ! slips & pa9ts t are ready = use4 ,! :ite slips are usually mix$ & kept 9 enamell$ bas9s & pans1 because a l>ge quantity is prep>$ at "o "t4 ,! r$ & orange-r$ slips may be 9 small pott]y b[ls1 or 9 *9a sauce-di%es4 ,! guaco is inv>iably 9 an ,indian b[l4 ,und\bt$ly at "o "t native b[ls 7 us$ exclusively1 & !re may ev5 h be5 b[ls ( special %apes or designs = ?is purpose2 at pres5t1 h[ev]1 no trace ( su* a cu/om rema9s4 ,wip+ ,rags ,wip+ rags or1 m simply1 ! aprons ( ! pott]s are us$ at v>i\s /ages ( ! "w--aft] scrap+1 aft] poli%+1 aft] ! slip has dri$1 & aft] burn+4 ,app>5tly any conv5i5t piece ( clo? is satisfactory4 ,accessories 9 ,fir+ ,:5 ! vessels are to be fir$1 v>i\s accessories mu/ be at h&4 ,f\r or m half-bricks or /ones are ne$$ ^u :i* to set ! grate4 ,! latt] may be ei!r a disc>d$ /ove-grate1 or a collection ( /rips ( iron1 metal b>rel-hoops1 & odds & ends1 plac$ toge!r to =m a grill4#bc ,small /ones & t9 cans--su* z small cond5s$ milk cans & meat cans--are ne$$ z props to keep ! fuel f t\*+ ! vessels dur+ ! burn+4 ,flat pieces ( t9 & ! cov]s ( l>ge l>d-pails s]ve at times to close spaces betwe5 ! fuel cakes1 & to cov] ! ov5-top1 to support :i* metal rods are (t5 us$4 ,la/ly1 pok]s are ne$$ to h&le ! fuel & to remove ! hot vessels4 ,^! may be wood5 or iron rods1 broom/icks1 old %ovels1 or ev5 pit*=ks4 ,ea* pott] has h] own collection ( ! above mat]ials & implem5ts1 /or$ away ready = use4 ,^! collections ( app>5t refuse v>y to a surpris+ ext5t4 ,,m\ld+ ,= ! purpose ( ?is report ! vessels may be divid$ into f\r l>ge gr\ps3 b[ls1 ollas1 cook+ vessels1 & unusual %apes4 ,) respect to size !re are two classes ( b[ls3 ^? less ?an f\r in*es 9 diamet]1 & ^? l>g] ?an t size4 ,9 %ape b[ls may be ei!r wide-m\!d 7pl4 #f1 b1 g7 or con/rict$-m\!d 7pl4 #f1 a1 c74 ,! ollas all h full1 globul> bodies & relatively small orifices ) or )\t fl>+ lips 7pls4 #g1 #ae1 a74 ,z a rule1 ! cook+ vessels are %ap$ l small ollas4 ,"u unusual %apes fall all ! types & =ms :i* are n ( ! fir/ ?ree classes1 su* z t]rac$ 7pray]-meal7 b[ls1 d\ble-m\!d vessels1 d\ble b[ls or 8baskets01 & vessels ) h&les4 ,! m\ld+ ( ea* ( ! above =ms may be said to consi/ ( f\r pr9cipal /eps3 ! mak+ ( ! base1 ! build+ ( ! walls1 ! %ap+1 & ! f9i%+4 ,v briefly1 ! process is z foll[s3 ,! pott] fir/ =ms a pancake-%ap$ pat ( pa/e f six to eight in*es 9 diamet]2 ?is %e presses into ! m\ld1 or puki1 to =m a base4 ,!n ! walls ( ! vessel are built up by ! addition ( successive ropes1 or rolls1 ( pa/e laid "o ^u ano!r4 ,! small b[ls are ! only exception1 = !y are =m$ 9 ! h&s ( ! pott] f a s+le lump4 ,9 "s cases ! build+ is done all at "o "t2 9 o!rs1 & always ) ! l>g] vessels1 a few rolls are add$1 !n ! piece is set aside to dry a little be=e ! addition ( a few m rolls4 ,! pott] usually builds two or m vessels at once 9 ord] to p]mit "w ^u "o :ile ! o!r is und]go+ a brief p]iod ( dry+4 ,! prelim9>y %ap+ ( ! vessel is done ei!r 9 ! c\rse ( ! build+ or aft] ! build+ has be5 complet$4 ,! oblit]ation ( ! junctions betwe5 ! rolls & ( f+]-m>ks is accompli%$ ) ! kajepe1 or g\rd-spoon1 & fur!r use ( ?is implem5t aids 9 giv+ ! vessel its %ape4 ,! f9al /ep1 ! f9i%+1 consi/s ( go+ ov] ! entire vessel c>efully1 fir/ ) ! kajepe1 !n ) ! f+]s1 to remove slight irregul>ities to ev5 ! lip & rim4 ,! f9i%+ is a sl[1 exact+ process1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! arti/ & ! m]e pot-mak] comes out at ?is /age ( ! "w4 ,! m\ld+1 al?\gh usually done 9 ! h\se1 may also take place 9 "s %ady spot outdoors4 ,if a woman beg9s h] m\ld+ 9 ! morn+1 %e w commonly devote ! entire day to x4 ,by ev5+ %e w h complet$ f five to ?irty vessels1 ! numb] dep5d+ p>tly ^u ! size ( ! pieces & p>tly ^u ! rapidity ) :i* %e works4 ,! pott] sits ^u h] heels on "s k9d ( mat2 x may be a %eepsk9 ) ! wool side up1 a piece ( canvas1 or a small wov5 rug4 ,h] attitude is *ang$ only :5 /iffness requires x4 ,!reupon %e sits ) h] feet out 9 front ( h]2 or ) "o leg b5t1 ! foot flat on ! gr\nd1 ! knee beside h] %\ld]1 & ) ! o!r leg "u h] or fully flex$ 9 front ) bo? ! knee & foot ^u ! floor4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! day ! pott] usually sits aga9/ a wall to re/ h] back1 = any "o ( ! po/ures assum$ is tir+4 ,at ! end ( ! day ! wom5 frequ5tly compla9 ( /iff backs & sore abdom9al muscles1 caus$ by ! almo/ con/ant /oop+ po/ure4 ,"s pott]s cov] _! laps ) %awls1 o!rs we> aprons1 & /ill o!rs use no protection :atev] = _! clo?+4 ,:5 ! pott] is sitt+ ^u h] heels1 ! m\ld1 or puki1 is laid directly 9 front ( h] ^u ! floor4 ,if %e is sitt+ ) h] legs ext5d$1 x is ei!r held 9 ! lap or plac$ close to h] "r side4 ,9 ! h\se ! puki re/s directly ^u ! h>d e>!n floor2 outdoors1 a %ort bo>d is plac$ "u x to prev5t its con/ant turn+ f we>+ a hole 9 ! relatively s(t] gr\nd4 ,9 ! puki is spr9kl$ a ?9 lay] ( temp] or wood-a%es to prev5t ! vessel f /ick+ to x4 ,at ! "r ( ! pott]1 )9 arm's rea*1 on a canvas or a piece ( clo?1 is a mass ( prep>$ clay4 ,r>ely ?is res]ve pa/e is on ! left4 ,if ! pa/e is 9 con/ant use1 x is n cov]$ unless expos$ to ! sun2 :51 h[ev]1 ! m\ld+ is ab&on$ = ev5 a few m9utes1 a corn] ( ! canvas or clo? is ?r[n ov] x4 ,a small l>d-pail p>tly fill$ ) wat] is an indisp5sable accessory dur+ m\ld+4 ,?is is usually kept betwe5 ! pott] & ! pa/e2 occasionally x is on ! left1 sometimes ne> ! puki beside ! pott]'s "r knee4 ,! g\rd m\ld+ spoons1 or kajepes1 are also plac$ )9 easy rea*1 on ! floor ne> ! puki1 beside ! wat]pail1 or 9 ! pail itself4 ,! pott] is !n ready to beg9 m\ld+4 ,! fir/ /ep is to asc]ta9 by a little h&l+ :e!r ! pa/e is ( ! prop] consi/5cy4 ,if x 0 knead$ ! day be=e1 x may prove to be too dry2 9 su* a case ! h&s are well moi/5$ & p]haps a little wat] is spr9kl$ on ! pa/e2 x is !n reknead$ = a few m9utes4 ,!n a h&ful is scoop$ out ( ! mass ) ! "r h&4 ,if ! fir/ h&ful is n suffici5t1 a second scoop gives ! requir$ am\nt4 ,x is next work$ ) ! h&s = half a m9ute to five m9utes2 if x is ( j ! "r consi/5cy1 x is h>dly work$ at all2 if x is too dry1 ! h&s are occasionally dipp$ 9 wat] :ile x is be+ work$2 if x is too wet1 knead+ cont9ues until x is suffici5tly dry4 ,!re are ?ree di/9ct movem5ts 9 ?is f9al work+ ( ! pa/e4 ,fir/1 ! h&ful is p9*$ & squeez$ by op5+ & clos+ ! h&s2 if any gritty p>ticle is enc\nt]$1 x is pick$ out ) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r h& & snapp$ ^u ! floor4 ,! second movem5t consi/s 9 roll+ ! pa/e betwe5 ! two flatt5$ h&s4 ,:5 ! roll is ab\t six in*es long1 x is d\bl$ & r]oll$4 ,?is may be repeat$ f two to half-a-doz5 times4 ,occasionally ?is /ep is entirely omitt$1 especially :5 a pat is be+ made4 ,9 ! ?ird movem5t ! pa/e1 n[ a sph]ical lump1 is slapp$ back & =? betwe5 ! cupp$ h&s1 :i* are held f six to eight in*es ap>t4 ,sometimes ?is ?ird movem5t prec$es ! second4 ,! h&ful ( pa/e is n[ ready to be made into a pat4 ,!re are two ways ( =m+ a pat4 ,9 ! fir/ "o1 ! sph]ical lump is held on ! op5 left h& & p\nd$ flat ) ! "r fi/2 f "t to "t x is turn$ a few degrees by a slight toss+ motion4 ,x is !n f9i%$ by patt+ ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ab a4 ,knead+ clay prep>atory to model+ a vessel4 b4 ,b[l-m\ld+1 prim>y /ages4 #a1 ,base =m$ 9 m\ld1 edge crimp$ to receive fir/ roll 7cf4 pl4 #ac1 a72 #b1 ,walls built to full height2 #c1 ,! same piece aft] %ap+ & smoo?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ac a ,apply+ ! fir/ roll ( clay to ! base4 ,! roll is held 9 ! left h&1 & is flatt5$ & p9*$ into place 9 ! inside ( ! rim by ! f+]s ( ! "r h&4 b ,a b[l-base to :i* f\r rolls ( clay h be5 add$2 ! pott] is mak+ a new roll4 ,note ! junctions ( ! roll on ! int]ior ( ! vessel4 x ) ! flat "r h& until x is fairly smoo? & ( uni=m ?ickness2 9 do+ ?is ! pat is turn$ by slapp+ x f ! left h& to ! "r & back aga94 ,dur+ ?is int]*ange1 ?r\gh ! natural plac+ ( ! h&s1 ! pat is turn$ ?r\gh an angle ( n9ety to "o hundr$ & tw5ty degrees4 ,:5 ! pat has be5 completely =m$ by ?is me?od1 x is l a l>ge pancake1 six to eight in*es 9 diamet] & f ?ree-eigh?s to half an in* ?ick4 ,x is !n press$ firmly into ! puki1 & ! edge is turn$ up & crimp$ ) ! ?umb & fir/ two f+]s ( ea* h& to =m a slight rim 7pl4 #ab1 b1 #a74 ,9 ! second me?od1 ! sph]ical lump ( pa/e is fir/ p\nd$ ) ! heel & !n ) ! upp] knuckles ( ! "r h&2 x is turn$ mean:ile by ! toss+ motion ( ! left h&4 ,! next movem5t is ! same z 9 ! correspond+ /age ( ! fir/ me?od1 namely1 patt+ ! pa/e ) ! flat "r h& :ile turn+ x by transf]r+ x to ! "r h& & back4 ,f9ally1 be=e ! pat is put into ! puki1 ! edge is b5t up & smoo!d (f a little1 s t a %all[ flat circul> tray is =m$ in/ead ( ! slab obta9$ by ! fir/ me?od4 ,?is tray is !n plac$ 9 ! puki1 :]e x is press$ d[n v firmly ) ei!r ! heel ( ! h& or ! balls ( ! f+]s1 9 ord] to insure a solid uni=m base & to expel any air-bubbles 9 ! pa/e4 ,ano!r h&ful ( clay is n[ scoop$ out ( ! mass on ! canvas to ! "r & work$ to ! prop] consi/5cy z be=e4 ,f ! result+ sph]ical lump ! pott] v skillfully =ms a roll ( uni=m diamet] by a backw>d & =w>d motion ( h] two h&s plac$ palms toge!r 7pl4 #ac1 b74#bd ,!re seems to be a t5d5cy = ! fir/ "p ( ! roll to be ( slightly small] diamet] ?an ! la/ "p2 if ?is occurs1 ! roll is rev]s$ & p>tially r]oll$4 ,"o end is !n tak5 9 ! "r h&1 :ile ! left h& holds x ne> ! o!r at a po9t *os5 to prev5t too mu* sagg+ at ! middle4 ,! pott] !n places ! end :i* is 9 h] "r h& aga9/ ! inside ( t "p ( ! edge ( ! pat ne>e/ h]4#be ,! roll is press$ aga9/ ! edge j en\gh to hold x 9 place 7see pl4 #ac1 a74 ,! ?umb is on ! ext]ior1 ! f+]s on ! int]ior ( ! edge4 ,usually only ! fir/ two f+]s are us$1 al?\gh ! ?ird f+] is occasionally br\ght into contact ) ! pa/e4 ,!n1 z ! puki is revolv$ c\nt]clockwise1#bf ! re/ ( ! roll is press$ aga9/ ! edge ( ! pat4 ,if ! roll is n long en\gh completely to encircle ! pat1 ano!r is made & plac$ on x 9 a simil> mann]4 ,:5 ! edge has ?us be5 completely encircl$1 ! unus$ rema9d] ( ! roll is p9*$ (f & toss$ back on ! mass ( pa/e on ! canvas4 ,! pott] !n p9*es ! roll m firmly to ! edge ( ! pat4 ,?is is done ) bo? h&s4 ,! ?umbs1 almo/ t\*+1 are on ! ext]ior1 ! f+]s on ! int]ior ( ! vessel4 ,! puki is usually mov$ c\nt]clockwise1 al?\gh ! same pott] w sometimes revolve x clockwise4 ,dur+ ?is process ( p9*+1 ! roll is flatt5$ until x assumes 9 cross-section ! %ape ( a v mu* elongat$ ellipse 7fig4 #f1 b74 ,an attempt is made to keep ! ?ickness ( ! side z ne>ly uni=m z possible1 & 9 ord] to accompli% ?is x is (t5 necess>y = ! h&s to be mov$ back ov] a "p already flatt5$4 ,! diamet] ( ! rolls1 except = cook+-pots1 v>ies f half an in* to slightly ov] an in*1 accord+ to ! size ( ! vessel be+ built1 & ! individual do+ ! build+4 ,:5 a roll is press$ aga9/ ! int]ior ( ! rim ( ! gr[+ vessel1#bg f a half to ?ree-qu>t]s ( x lies bel[ ! level ( ! rim 7see fig4 #f1 a74 ,!n1 :5 ! roll is flatt5$1 ! junction-plane betwe5 x & ! prec$+ roll w n be horizontal1 b w slope d[nw>d %>ply ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,diagramatic sections ( a b[l on ! m\ld4 a4 ,base made & fir/ roll appli$ to inn] side ( rim4 b4 ,fir/ roll flatt5$ & weld$ on4 c4 ,second roll appli$4 d4 ,second roll flatt5$ & weld$ on4 f ! ext]ior 7see fig4 #f1 b1 d71 ?us produc+ a broad hold+ surface & m9imiz+ ! risk ( ! vessel's crack+ along ! junction-plane4 ,9 o!r words1 ! junction-l9e betwe5 any two rolls on ! outside wall ( ! vessel is consid]ably high] ?an ! correspond+ l9e on ! inside4 ,! flatt5$ rolls1 9 all b cook+-pots1 are f an in* & a half to two in*es wide1 b because ( ! ov]lapp+ j describ$ ! di/ance betwe5 ! junction-l9es is consid]ably less 7see pl4 #ac1 b1 & pl4 #ae1 a74 ,dur+ ! process ( flatt5+ ! roll1 "s pott]s oblit]ate ! junction-l9e on ! ext]ior by rubb+ x ) ! fir/ & second f+] ( ! "r h&1 & by ! addition ( small pellets ( pa/e 9 ! m conspicu\s ind5tations4 ,o!rs consid] x unnecess>y to oblit]ate ?is l9e dur+ ! build+ ( ! vessel1 9 spite ( ! fact t ! roll may break away because ( n be+ firmly weld$4 ,c]ta9 wom5 smoo? ! tempor>y rim aft] flatt5+ ea* roll1 o!rs d n4 ,:5 ! flatt5+ has be5 f9i%$1 ! puki has made a second complete revolution1 & ! junction ( ! two ends ( ! roll is aga9 directly 9 front ( ! pott]2 b if a few additional t\*es are requir$ %e may aga9 %ift ! puki 9 "o direction or ano!r4 ,no pott] pays any att5tion :atev] to ! location ( ! junction po9ts ( ! ends ( ! rolls2 9 successive rolls1 !re=e1 !y may lie directly above "o ano!r1 or !y may be di/ribut$ ab\t ! circumf]5ce ( ! vessel 7pl4 #ac1 b74 ,:5 "o roll has be5 completely weld$ on1 flatt5$ out1 & incorporat$ into ! vessel1 ano!r roll is =m$1 & is appli$ 9 exactly ! same mann]4 ,?us ! build+ proce$s to ! height at :i* ! %ap+ is begun4 ,! /eps s f> enum]at$ are ! same = bo? b[ls & ollas4 ,! fur!r treatm5t ( ! vessel v>ies slightly1 accord+ to ! %ape desir$4 ,/ev5son1 describ+ ! m\ld+ ( vessels at ,zui1 9 #ahgi1 wrote3 8,:5 ! clayey d\gh is ready to be us$1 a suffici5t quantity is roll$ into a ball4 ,! d\gh1 if work$ by a c>eful arti/1 is fir/ te/$ z to its fitness = mold+ by putt+ a piece ( ! pa/e to ! tongue1 ! s5sitiv5ess ( :i* is su* z to detect any gritty sub/ance or p>ticles1 :5 ! f+]s fail to d s4 ,! ball is holl[$ out ) ! f+]s into ! %ape ( a b[l 7see pl4 #bi1 a71 ?is =m con/itut+ ! f\ndation = all v>ieties ( e>!nw>e1 & assumes ! desir$ =m by ! addition ( /rips ( clay2 all traces ( ! addition ( ea* /rip are remov$ be=e ano!r is add$1#bh by ! use ( a small tr[el fa%ion$ f a piece ( g\rd or fragm5t ( pott]y1 ! only tool employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( pott]y4 ,! bottoms ( old wat] j>s & b[ls =m /&s = ! articles :ile be+ work$ by ! pott]0 7see pl4 #bi74bi ,mrs4 ,/ev5son1 writ+ lat]1 also ( ! ,zuis1 said3 8,9 beg9n+ ! "w a suffici5t quantity is fir/ made into a ball & !n holl[$ out ) ! f+]s until is assumes a conv5tional b[l %ape1 :i* s]ves z ! f\ndation to be aft]w>d built up & elaborat$ into any desir$ %ape4 ,! vessel is !n =m$ by ! successive additions ( /rips ( ! pa/e long en\gh to encircle ! b[l1 ea* lay] be+ press$ on ! brim ) ! f+]s & accurately fitt$1 ! tr[el be+ !n skillfully us$ to f9i% ! jo9+ & to remove all traces ( ! orig9al sep>ation ( ! /rips4 ,mo/ ( ! "w ( remodell+ ! vessel into its f9al %ape is done on ! inside ) a tr[el1 ?is implem5t be+ us$ on ! outside *iefly to smoo? ! surface4 ,! clay1 if x has be5 prop]ly work$1 possesses suffici5t t5acity & pla/icity to admit ( be+ press$ & scrap$ )\t crack+40#cj ,! foll[+ quotation is ( int]e/ z %[+ h[ closely mod]n /udio-practice1 und\bt$ly evolv$ exp]im5tally1 resembles ,pueblo ,indian me?ods3 8,! clay = build+ %\ld be r s(t z x is apt to dry quickly on h&l+4 ,a pla/] bat 7m\ld7 %\ld be made4 ,x is fir/ necess>y to roll out ! clay into cords :i* %\ld be a little ?ick] ?an ! propos$ walls are to be4 ,^! cords %\ld be z uni=m z possible & %\ld be roll$ quickly to avoid undue h>d5+4 ,x is be/ to roll !m z requir$4 ,a roll ( clay is tak51 "o end laid 9 ! c5t] ( ! bat & ! re/ is coil$ ar\nd x 9 a spiral l9e4 ,:5 ! disc s =m$ has rea*$ ! prop] size1 ! coils are g5tly rubb$ ov] ) ! f+]s until !y h ?or\ghly unit$ & ! l9es ( ! spiral h disappe>$4 ,! clay disc may n[ be turn$ ov] & ! rubb+ cont9u$ on ! o!r side4 ,! circle is cut true & a new coil is laid on ! out] edge1 ?us mak+ a %all[ circul> tray4 ,9 rais+ ! walls x is be/ to p9* (f ! roll ( clay :5 "o circle has be5 complet$1 & ! new roll %\ld be begun at ano!r po9t s t all ! jo9ts w n be at ! same place4 ,?is plan is bett] ?an coil+ a long roll 9 a spiral1 = 9 ?is case "o side ( ! piece w be high] ?an ! o!r4 8,aft] ?ree rolls h be5 laid 9 position1 ! wall1 bo? inside & out1 %\ld be work$ l ! bottom s t ! rolls w disappe> & ! clay be weld$ uni=mly toge!r4 ,?is %\ld be done )\t wat] or ) z little z possible4 ,! use ( wat] is v tempt+4 ,x makes ! clay s smoo? & seems to help1 b x w inevitably make ! "w sloppy & w t5d to s(t5 ! walls4 8,aft] ?ree or f\r rolls h be5 work$ 91 ! piece %\ld be laid aside = "s h\rs to /iff54 ,if ?is be n done ! weight ( ! second build+ w cause ! "w to sag & fall out ( %ape4 ,= ?is reason x is well to h two or ?ree pieces 9 h& at once s t !re ne$ be no wait+4 ,:5 ! cyl9d] is ( suffici5t height x %\ld be all[$ to become q /iff & !n ! irregul>ities %\ld be correct$ ) a little s(t clay :i* is work$ into ! jo9ts4 ,! :ole surface may n[ be gone ov] ) tools & br\ght to ! requir$ f9i%40#ca ,be=e describ+ 9 detail ! m\ld+ ( ! v>i\s sorts ( vessels1 ! accid5ts :i* are associat$ ) ?is process %\ld be discuss$4 ,^! may result f "o ( two causes1 ! pres5ce ( =eign matt] 9 ! pa/e or imp]fect m\ld+4 ,if ! clay has be5 c>efully sift$1 z x usually is1 !re %\ld be v little =eign matt] 9 ! pa/e4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 impossible to remove entirely all gravel or /ones fragm5t4 ,if gravel is all[$ to rema91 x w cause ! vessel-walls to scale dur+ fir+ because ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! rates ( expansion "u heat ( /one & pa/e4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ?is1 ! pott] :ile m\ld+ is con/antly on ! look\t = ^! small p>ticles1 :i* may be discov]$ at any /age ( ! "w4 ,!y are at once pick$ out ( ! vessel1 ev5 if x is all b f9i%$4 ,! irregul> holl[ =m$ is !n fill$ ) a small pellet ( fre% pa/e & smoo!d ov]4 ,! wom5 say t a bit ( h>d clay does n cause flak+ z does a piece ( gravel or a /one spl9t]4 ,ano!r k9d ( =eign matt] is an air-bubble1 :i* if left 9 ! vessel w cause ! same =m ( accid5t1 because ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! rates ( expansion ( air & clay4 ,9 ord] to elim9ate ^! small air-bubbles1 ! pat is press$ d[n h>d ^u ! puki ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ad a ,levell+ & smoo?+ ! rim ( a b[l aft] x has be5 scrap$ ) ! kajepe1 or g\rd spoon4 ,! left h& s]ves to keep ! piece turn+ & to support ! pla/ic wall4 b ,use ( ! kajepe 9 %ap+ a vessel2 ! left h& supports ! wall )91 :ile ! kajepe1 held 9 ! "r h&1 ?9s ! top ( ! wall & g5tly presses x inw>d4 & ! rolls are c>efully p9*$ at e po9t ab\t ! vessel4 ,a skillful pott] is able to feel an air-bubble ev5 if x is cov]$ ) a lay] ( clay3 su* a bubble is prick$ & ! result+ holl[ is fill$ z be=e4 ,if ! m\ld+ is imp]fect1 t is1 if ! rolls are n c>efully weld$1 a weak spot occurs at ! junction1 :i* probably conta9s a ?9 lay] ( air4 ,:5 ! vessel is fir$1 x cracks along ?is l9e & is ru9$4 ,su* accid5ts seem to occur mo/ commonly at ! bases ( l>ge vessels1 ei!r because ! fir/ roll 0 n suffici5tly weld$ to ! base1 or because ! pat itself 0 n press$ into ! puki ) suffici5t =ce4 ,s9ce flaws betwe5 ! rolls _c be discov]$ until ! fir+1 !y _c be correct$ z 9 ! case ( =eign bodies 9 ! clay4 ,,b[ls ,f two to eight rolls may be us$ to =m a b[l1 accord+ to its de/9$ size & %ape4 ,:5 ! build+ has be5 complet$1 ! piece is 9 ! =m ( a cyl9d]1 ) sides ei!r v]tical or v slightly fl>+ 7pl4 #ab1 b1 #b1 & pl4 #ac1 b74 ,z a rule ! f+]pr9ts & ! irregul> horizontal junction-l9es may be se5 bo? on ! int]ior & ext]ior4 ,! next /ep is ! f9i%+ ( ! tempor>y rim4 ,?is is done ) ! "r h&1 ! f+]s ( :i* assume mu* ! same position t !y w\ld = hold+ a p5cil 7pl4 #ad1 a74 ,! ?umb is on ! int]ior ( ! rim1 ! =ef+] on ! top1 & ! middle f+] on ! out] edge4 ,! ?umb & middle f+] are us$ z guides to help keep ! rim uni=m 9 ?ickness4 ,! =ef+] removes ! pa/e f ! high] p>ts ( ! rim & transf]s x to ! holl[s4 ,! f+]s d n move ) respect to ea* o!r except to ex]t slight pressure4 ,! play ( ! "r h& dur+ ?is process is a glid+ backw>d-=w>d motion repeat$ _m times1 :ile at ! same "t ! puki is usually kept revolv+ c\nt]clockwise by ! left h&1 :i* also is g5]ally b n always1 us$ to /eady ! side ( ! vessel4 ,occasionally ! same pott] w turn ! puki clockwise4 ,9 ! =m] case ! "r h& is kept 9 ! twelve-to-two-o'clock sector2 9 ! latt] 9 ! six-to-eight-o'clock sector4 ,if ! rim is smoo!d ha/ily1 z x sometimes is at ?is /age1 ! puki may n be turn$ at all4 ,?is completes ! build+ ( ! b[l1 :i* is !n set aside = a few m9utes1 :ile ano!r is begun4 ,! next /ep is ! %ap+4 ,?is is done ) a kajepe1 or g\rd spoon4 ,! kajepe %\ld always be damp :5 us$1 & = t reason is (t5 kept 9 ! wat]-pail4 ,x is some:at difficult to describe 9 detail ! use ( ! kajepe1 = no two pott]s "w ) x 9 exactly ! same way4 ,(t5 ! same pott] w %[ v>iations 9 h] me?od ( h&l+ ! tool4 ,ea* woman has f f\r to a doz5 kajepes beside h] :ile %e is m\ld+4 ,^! implem5ts v>y mu* bo? 9 size & %ape 7pl4 #aa74 ,mo/ ( !m are circul> or elliptical ) all edges convex1 al?\gh e pott] has at lea/ "o ) a concave edge4 ,g5]ally ! small]1 circul> kajepes are us$ on ! int]ior ( b[ls1 ! oval ones on ! ext]ior1 & ! "o ) a concave edge on ! ext]ior at ! %\ld]1 :]e x w\ld be difficult to use ! o!r types4 ,z a rule ! l>g] kajepes s]ve = ! l>g] vessels4 ,a pott] occasionally *anges kajepes 9 ! mid/ ( h] "w1 usually because ( ! edge1 :i* may be r\gh] on "o ?an on ano!r4 ,! kajepes are held at an angle ( f ?irty to sixty degrees to ! tang5t ( ! b[l at ! po9t ( contact1 accord+ to ! curvature ( ! "p ( ! vessel be+ work$ ^u4 ,! kajepe is always us$ fir/ on ! inside4 ,?is is done 9 ord] to press out ! sides & to give ! b[l some?+ ( its f9al %ape be=e ! pa/e becomes too dry4 ,! "w beg9s at ! bottom ( ! vessel & sl[ly advances t[>d ! top2 ! b[l gradually assumes a sph]ical %ape1 ! sides be+ =c$ f>!/ out ab\t half way betwe5 ! base & ! rim4 ,dur+ ?is process ! outside surface1 s9ce x is be+ exp&$1 beg9s to %[ innum]able small cracks4 ,! /rokes ( ! kajepe on ! int]ior are %ort & always ne>ly horizontal1 ! implem5t be+ pull$ t[>ds ! body4 ,dur+ ?is fir/ use ( ! kajepe all traces ( ! junction-l9es betwe5 ! rolls are remov$ f ! inside ( ! vessel4 ,! tool is always held 9 ! "r h&1 & ! left h&1 :i* is con/antly us$ on ! ext]ior z a brace & /op1 is plac$ directly opposite ! spot on ! inside :i* is be+ work$4 ,"o woman scrapes 9 ! sev5-to-t5-o'clock sector1 turn+ ! b[l clockwise2 t is1 work+ f ! scrap$ to ! unscrap$ surface4 ,! vessel is turn$ ?r\gh ab\t sixty degrees at ea* *ange ( position1 & ab\t a ?ird ( ! surface j scrap$ is gone ov] aga9 by ! /rokes on ! new sector4 ,ano!r works 9 ! n9e-to-twelve-o'clock sector1 turn+ ! b[l c\nt]clockwise1 t is1 work+ f unscrap$ to scrap$ surface2 9 do+ ?is %e turns ! puki five or six times ?r\gh an angle ( betwe5 sixty & eighty degrees = ea* turn1 be=e ! entire int]ior has be5 gone ov]4 ,! kajepe is !n appli$ to ! ext]ior ( ! b[l 7pl4 #ad1 b74 ,! concave surface ( ! kajepe is pref]r$ = ! fir/ ( ! ext]ior scrap+1 al?\gh ! convex surface is n infrequ5tly us$4 ,! /rokes beg9 aga9 at ! base4 ,at fir/1 :5 ! kajepe comes 9 contact ) ! puki1 ! /rokes are v ne>ly v]tical4 ,a little high] on ! b[l !y become diagonal4 ,ne> ! rim ! /rokes are almo/ horizontal1 b /ill h a p]ceptible d[nw>d slant4 ,! kajepe is always pull$ t[>d ! body4 ,! /roke on ! ext]ior is f f\r to five in*es1 g5]ally a little long] ?an t on ! int]ior4 ,dur+ ?is /ep "o woman turns ! puki c\nt]clockwise1 work+ 9 ! two-to-f\r-o'clock sector2 ano!r turns x 9 ! same direction1 b works 9 ! f\r-to-six-o'clock sector4 ,9 bo? cases ! /rokes are f ! scrap$ to ! unscrap$ surface4 ,al?\gh ! l>g] portion ( ! actual %ap+ ( ! b[l is done f ! int]ior1 ! draw+ 9 ( ! upp] "p to =m a con/rict$ m\? is done ) ! kajepe on ! ext]ior1 :5 ! /ep la/ describ$ is ne>+ completion4 ,z :5 work+ on ! int]ior1 ! left h& aga9 acts z a brace & a /op1 b ?is "t on ! inside ( ! b[l4#cb ,usually only ! ends ( ! f+]s re/ aga9/ ! side4 ,^u ! completion ( ! use ( ! kajepe on ! outside = ! fir/ "t1 all traces ( ! coil-m>ks & ( ! f9e cracks develop$ dur+ ! int]ior scrap+ are remov$1 b ! surface is /ill r r\gh 7pl4 #ad1 b2 also #ab1 b1 #c74 ,aft] bo? surfaces h be5 gone ov] = ! fir/ "t ) ! kajepe1 ! rim is once m tru$ up 9 ! mann] already describ$4 ,!n1 dep5d+ ^u ! /iffness ( ! pa/e1 ! piece may be set aside to h>d5 a little or ! "w may cont9ue )\t int]ruption4 ,! wom5 hold ! kajepe ) f+]s ei!r slightly b5t1 or ne>ly fully flex$2 9 ! latt] position ! tool is grasp$ betwe5 ! ?umb & b5t =ef+]4 ,j be=e us+1 ! kajepe is dipp$ 9 wat]2 & ! edge is !n drawn across ! palm ( ! left h& to remove excess wat] be=e x is appli$ to ! b[l4 ,aft] p]haps a doz5 /rokes1 ! pa/e :i* has collect$ on ! tool is remov$ by a dext]\s motion3 ! inn] side ( ! ?umb ( ! left h& is run along ! edge ( ! kajepe to collect ! pa/e2 !n ! inn] side ( ! =ef+] ( ! same h& is run f ! base to ! tip ( ! ?umb4 ,?is br+s ! pa/e to ! ends ( ! two f+]s 9 ! =m ( a pellet1 :i* is ?r[n ^u ! mass on ! canvas4 ,s9ce ! pa/e has a t5d5cy to /ick to ! f+]s1 ! pott] mu/ ?r[ x ) a j]k or snap4 ,:5 ! kajepe has be5 us$ once ov] ! entire surface1 x is usually rev]s$ s z to pres5t its convex side to ! b[l1 made a little damp] ?an = ! previ\s scrap+1 & ! :ole process repeat$ 9 detail = bo? ! int]ior & ext]ior4 ,?is results 9 bett] symmetry & a smoo!r surface4 ,! rim is aga9 f9i%$ 9 ! mann] already describ$4 ,! walls ( ! b[l h by ?is "t be5 ?9n$ to ab\t "o-half or two-?irds ( _! orig9al ?ickness1 all major irregul>ities & r\gh spots h be5 remov$1 ! vessel is fully %ap$1 & only ! f9i%+ t\*es are ne$$ be=e x is ready to be sun-dri$4 ,! pa/e n[ has ! consi/5cy ( s(t ?ick lea!r4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 ! f9i%+ sometimes consi/s 9 aga9 go+ ov] bo? surfaces ) a wet kajepe1 to smoo? !m /ill m4 ,occasionally only ! ext]ior is s treat$4 ,!n ! b[l is turn$ repeat$ly1 :ile ! pott] t\*es small areas ) ! convex surface ( ! kajepe4 ,at ?is po9t p>ticul> att5tion is giv5 to ! bottom ( ! int]ior2 x may be ret\*$ ) ! kajepe1 or simply smoo!d ov] ) ! ball ( ! ?umb or =ef+]4 ,if ! surface seems slightly unev51 small pellets ( pa/e are rubb$ into ! bottom & !n levell$ d[n ) ! kajepe4 ,! b[l on ! puki is !n plac$ ^u ! palm ( ! left h&1 held at eye level1 & revolv$ sl[ly1 :ile ! pott] exam9es x = r\gh spots & slight irregul>ities ( cont\r1 :i* :5 f\nd are smoo!d ov] ) ! =ef+] ( ! "r h&4 ,aft] be+ replac$ ^u ! floor1 ! b[l may be g5tly press$ betwe5 ! h&s 9 ord] slightly to improve its symmetry4 ,f9ally ! rim is smoo!d = ! la/ "t1 little pellets ( pa/e be+ add$1 if necess>y1 to fill 9 %all[ depressions1 & great c>e is tak5 to make x z regul> & smoo? z possible4 ,x is obvi\sly impossible to describe 9 detail ! exact proc$ure foll[$ 9 ?is f9i%+ process1 = ! me?od adopt$ is *os5 accord+ to ! ne$s ( ! individual vessel4 ,aft] all ?is is done1 ! piece is ready to be sun-dri$4 ,its pres5t appe>ance is v diff]5t f t :i* x _h :5 ! build+ 0 complet$ 7comp>e pl4 #ab1 b1 #b1 & b1 #c74 ,! m\ld+ ( b[ls less ?an f\r in*es 9 diamet] is a v simple matt] comp>$ ) t ( ! l>g] ones1 = !re is no use ( puki1 rolls1 or kajepe4 ,aft] work+ ! pa/e 9 ! h&s ! result+ lump is =m$ into a flat sph]oid4 ,! =ef+] ( ! "r h& is ins]t$ 9 ! c5tre ( ?is1 ! clay held horizontally & sl[ly revolv$ by a slight toss+ rot>y motion ( ! left h&4 ,! =ef+] ( ! "r h& enl>ges ! hole & gradually %apes ! mass into ! desir$ =m1 ?9n+ ! sides at ! same "t4 ,if ! result+ b[l is too high1 ! rim is p9*$ (f ) ! ?umb & =e-f+] ( ! "r h&4 ,:5 ! prop] %ape & ?ickness h be5 atta9$1 ! little b[l is held upright 9 ! left h&1 :ile ! f+]s ( ! "r smoo? ! sides & ! rim4 ,:5 complet$ x is set on a bo>d to dry4 ,sometimes "o ( ! l>g] ( ^! b[ls is plac$ 9 a small puki & re%ap$ ) ! kajepe4 ,"o woman us$ ! kajepe on ! int]ior ( ! vessel :ile x re/$ ^u h] left h&4 ,! b[l1 :5 treat$ 9 ?is way1 & f9i%$ 9 ! same mann] z ! l>g] b[ls1 0 noticeably a bett] piece ( m\ld+ ?an ! av]age small piece4 ,! "t consum$ 9 m\ld+ b[ls is v>iable1 dep5d+ on ! dext]ity & spe$ ( ! pott] & to a some:at less] degree ^u ! sort ( vessel be+ m\ld$4 ,comp>isons betwe5 pott]s are apt to be mislead+1 = no two make b[ls ( exactly ! same size or ex]cise ! same am\nt ( c>e 9 f9i%+1 :i*1 f ! po9t ( view ( "t consum$1 is ! mo/ v>iable phase ( ! m\ld+4 ,"o pott] m\ld$ a wide-m\!d b[l ( f\r rolls 9 tw5ty m9utes2 ano!r f9i%$ two sph]ical b[ls ( six rolls ea* 9 =ty-eight m9utes2 a ?ird pott]1 ! swifte/ ( ! ?ree1 f9i%$ a wide-m\!d b[l ( two rolls aft] x _h be5 "u h] h&s j f\rte5 & "o-half m9utes4 ,! fir/ pott] m\ld$ six ( ! small b[ls 7less ?an f\r in*es 9 diamet]7 9 fifty-five m9utes1 av]ag+ n9e m9utes to ea*1 b to ref9i% "o ( !m ) a kajepe %e took ?irte5 m9utes4 ,! ?ird pott] m\ld$ "o ( ! small type ( b[ls 9 f\r m9utes4 ,9 consid]+ 9 detail ! "t consum$ 9 m\ld+1 ! "w ( ,m>ia ,m>t9ez 0 /udi$4 ,%e is ! swifte/ & mo/ dext]\s pott] ( ,san ,ildefonso1 & m\lds 9 a qu>t] to a ?ird less "t ?an ! sl[e/ ( ! o!rs4 ,9 ?ree h\rs %e turn$ out t5 b[ls1 av]ag+ ab\t sev5 in*es 9 diamet]1 ( ! con/rict$-m\!d & simil> types2 ?is is an av]age ( "o 9 eighte5 m9utes4 ,%e 0 work+ con/antly1 fir/ on "o1 !n on ano!r4 ,subsequ5tly %e m\ld$ six two-roll con/rict$-m\!d b[ls 9 "o h\r & tw5ty-six m9utes1 an av]age ( f\rte5 & a ?ird m9utes ea*4 ,! v>i\s /eps 9 ! m\ld+ ( two b[ls are record$ 9 ,table ,i1 :i* gives ! actual "t consum$ 9 m9utes & seconds f ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ ( ! pair until ! two 7 f9i%$ & set aside4 ,9 ,table ,,ii ! gr[? & treatm5t ( a s+le b[l are giv5 9 m detail1 ) ! "t 9 m9utes & seconds t x 0 "u ! h&s ( ! pott]4 ,?is piece 0 "o ( five con/rict$-m\!d b[ls ( ?ree rolls ea* :i* 7 m\ld$ 9 sixty-f\r m9utes1 an av]age ( twelve m9utes1 =ty-eight seconds = ea* vessel4 ,,table ,i ,b[l ,a1 con/rict$-m\!d b[l1 diam4 #h 942 ,b[l ,b1 wide-m\!d b[l1 diam4 #g 94 ,m94 ,sec4 #j4jj ,b[l ,a -- clay pick$ up f pile #b4jj 8 8 -- pat 9 puki & p9*$ up #d4cj #c4jj 8 8 -- fir/ roll on & p9*$ flat #d4jj 8 8 -- second roll on & p9*$ flat #d4cj 8 8 -- rim smoo!d & b[l set aside 7no pause7 #d4cj ,b[l ,b -- clay pick$ up f pile #e4cj 8 8 -- pat 9 puki & p9*$ up #b4ej #f4bj 8 8 -- fir/ roll on & p9*$ flat #g4aj 8 8 -- second roll on & p9*$ flat #g4bj 8 8 -- rim smoo!d & b[l set aside 7pause ( #dj seconds7 #h4jj ,b[l ,a -- pick$ up aga9 #h4cj 8 8 -- int]ior scrap+ /opp$ #i4ae 8 8 -- ext]ior scrap+ /opp$ #i4de 8 8 -- fir/ rim smoo?+ /opp$ #aa4jj 8 8 -- fir/ int]ior smoo?+ /opp$ #h4jj #aa4cj 8 8 -- fir/ ext]ior smoo?+ /opp$ #ab4de 8 8 -- second rim smoo?+ /opp$ #ac4de 8 8 -- second int]ior smoo?+ /opp$ #ad4cj 8 8 -- second ext]ior smoo?+ /opp$ #ae4ae 8 8 -- ?ird rim smoo?+ /opp$ #af4jj 8 8 -- f9i%+ t\*es /opp$2 b[l complet$ 7pause ( #ae seconds7 #af4ae ,b[l ,b -- pick$ up aga9 #af4de 8 8 -- int]ior scrap+ /opp$ #ag4jj 8 8 -- ext]ior scrap+ /opp$ #ah4jj 8 8 -- fir/ rim smoo?+ /opp$ #ah4cj 8 8 -- fir/ int]ior smoo?+ /opp$ #e4je #ai4jj 8 8 -- second rim smoo?+ /opp$ #ai4de 8 8 -- second int]ior smoo?+ /opp$ #bj4de 8 8 -- t\*+ up /opp$ #ba4jj 8 8 -- ?ird rim smoo?+ /opp$ #ba4ae 8 8 -- ?ird int]ior smoo?+ /opp$ #ba4bj 8 8 -- b[l complet$ ,total1 ,b[l ,a--#ab m9utes1 #cj seconds ,total1 ,b[l ,b--#g m9utes1 #ee seconds ,,table ,,ii ,small1 con/rict$-m\!d b[l ,m94 ,sec4 #jj4jj -- clay pick$ up f pile #jj4ae -- pat put 9 puki #ja4jj -- clay = fir/ roll pick$ up #ja4ae -- "o end ( fir/ roll p9*$ on pat #ja4ej -- fir/ roll flatt5$1 & clay = second roll pick$ up #jb4aj -- "o end ( second roll p9*$ on pat #jb4dj -- second roll flatt5$1 & clay = ?ird roll pick$ up #jb4ej -- "o end ( ?ird roll p9*$ on pat #jc4cj -- ?ird roll flatt5$1 & rim smoo?+ begun #jc4ej -- b[l set aside 7#ad m9utes1 #aj seconds1 elaps$7 #jc4ej -- int]ior kajepe-scrap+ begun #jd4be -- ext]ior kajepe-scrap+ begun #jd4ee -- rim smoo?+ begun #je4bj -- b[l set aside 7#ah m9utes1 #cj seconds1 elaps$7 #je4bj -- int]ior kajepe-smoo?+ begun #jf4jj -- small roll plac$ ar\nd edge ( int]ior base & patt$ d[n #jf4dj -- int]ior kajepe-smoo?+ begun #jf4ee -- ext]ior kajepe-smoo?+ begun1 lip turn$ 9 #jg4de -- rim smoo?+ begun #jh4ej -- ext]ior kajepe-smoo?+ begun #ji4be -- int]ior kajepe-smoo?+ begun #aj4je -- rim smoo?+ begun #aj4ej -- b[l held at eye level1 ext]ior kajepe-smoo?+ begun #aa4ag -- b[l plac$ on floor1 int]ior kajepe-smoo?+ begun #aa4de -- m\ld+ complet$1 b[l set aside ,,ollas ,9 ! m\ld+ ( ollas ! fir/ /ep is ! build+ ( ! l[] "p ( ! body to a height ( f\r or five r+s 9 ! same mann] z 9 b[l-con/ruction4 ,s9ce ollas h a l>g] diamet] ?an b[ls1 m ?an "o roll is ne$$ to =m a complete r+ ab\t ! gr[+ edge4 ,! numb] ( rolls p] r+ v>ies f "o & a half to f\r1 dep5d+ ^u ! size ( ! olla & ! "p work$ ^u4 ,:5 ?is fir/ build+ has be5 complet$ 7pl4 #ae1 a71 ! rim is smoo!d some:at & ! scrap+ & %ap+ are at once begun4 ,! use ( ! kajepe 9 ! %ap+ ( ollas is id5tical 9 all details ) t describ$ above 9 discuss+ ! m\ld+ ( b[ls4 ,! roll-junctions & ! f+]pr9ts are entirely remov$ & ! sides ( ! vessel are fl>$ a little4 ,great c>e is tak5 n to fl>e ! sides too mu*1 = ! pa/e at ?is /age is /ill r s(t1 & if ! sides are fl>$ unduly !y collapse outw>d ( _! own weight4 ,:5 ! prelim9>y %ap+ has be5 f9i%$ ! rim is smoo!d a ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ae ,,successive ,,/ages ,,9 ,,! ,,m\ld+ ,,( ,,an ,,olla a4 ,l[] wall built up ( r+s ( clay4 b4 ,sides smoo!d & fl>$ by use ( ! kajepe4 c4 ,sides fur!r fl>$ & m c>efully smoo!d4 d4 ,%\ld] p>tly =m$4 e4 ,%\ld] f9i%$4 f4 ,neck built4 g1 h4 ,neck fl>$ & f9al smoo?+ complet$2 ! vessels h be5 %ift$ 9 ! m\lds to all[ "w on l[] sides4 little1 & ! olla is plac$ 9 ! sun to /iff54 ,! m\ld+ has n[ rea*$ ! second /age 7pl4 #ae1 b74 ,! vessel rema9s 9 ! sun f tw5ty to ?irty m9utes4 ,?is p]iod may be ext5d$ to z mu* z an h\r & a half1 if ! vessel is 9 ! %ade or if o!r ?+s occupy ! pott]'s "t4 ,dur+ all ! dry+ p]iods1 at int]vals v>y+ f five to fifte5 m9utes1 ! pott] dips h] "r h& 9 ! wat] ( ! l>d-pail1 & moi/5s ! rim ( ! p>tly f9i%$ olla 9 ord] to keep x s(t en\gh to p]mit p]fect weld+ :5 additional rolls are add$4 ,:ile "o vessel is dry+1 ! pott] is usually occupi$ ) ano!r4 ,9 case ! "w on ! latt] is f9i%$ be=e ! =m] is dry en\gh1 ! pott] simply waits1 or f9ds "s o!r "w ) :i* to occupy h]self until x is ready4 ,! te/ ( ! condition ( ! olla aft] ?is %ort dry+ is to pat ! side g5tly ) ! balls ( ! f+]s4 ,! clay is n[ v mu* l s(t lea!r4 ,! degree ( resi/ance (f]$ by ! side indicates ! condition ( ! pa/e4 ,( c\rse ! value ( su* a te/ dep5ds entirely ^u ! k & s5se ( t\* possess$ by ! pott]1 two qualities :i* c be ga9$ only ?r\gh long exp]i5ce4 ,:5 ! pa/e 9 ! olla1 :i* n[ has ! %ape ( an op5-m\!d b[l1 has rea*$ ! prop] degree ( firmness1 ! vessel is br\ght 9 & ! %ap+ cont9u$4 ,by us+ ! kajepe fir/ on ! int]ior & !n on ! ext]ior1 ! sides are fl>$ /ill m until ! desir$ %ape = ! l[] "p ( ! olla has be5 obta9$4 ,!n1 aft] a ha/y smoo?+ ( ! rim1 ! vessel1 n[ 9 ! ?ird /age 7pl4 #ae1 c71 is aga9 set aside to dry4 ,:5 x has become firm en\gh to support ! weight ( ! new rolls to be add$1 ! build+ is cont9u$4 ,! tempor>y rim has be5 kept s(t by ! application ( wat] f "t to "t4 ,! me?od ( prep>+ ?is rim = ! application ( ! r+s v>ies slightly ) diff]5t pott]s4 ,! rim may be p9*$ into scallops betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ei!r h&1 usually ! "r1 or x may be r\gh5$ by v]tical /rokes ( ! kajepe on ! ext]ior4 ,9 ! =m] case ! scallops may t\* "o ano!r 7pl4 #af1 a71 or !y may be sep>at$ by a qu>t] to a half in* ( unp9*$ rim4 ,:5 ! kajepe is us$1 x also de/roys ! orig9al smoo?ness ( ! rim1 produc+ an irregul>1 brok5 surface to :i* ! new roll c easily be weld$4 ,! pott] mu/ n[ build t "p ( ! olla :i* has ! greate/ diamet]4 ,ea* new r+ ( clay mu/ !re=e be ( great] diamet] ?an ^? :i* prec$$ & ^? :i* w foll[4 ,?ree or f\r r sl5d] rolls are us$ to make su* a r+4 ,aft] two complete r+s h be5 plac$ on ! vessel & flatt5$1 ! %ap+ is begun4 ,gradually ! new rim is drawn 9 until ! %\ld] ( ! olla has be5 =m$4 ,aga9 ! rim is smoo!d be=e ! vessel is set aside4 ,! m\ld+ ( ! olla has n[ rea*$ ! f\r? /age 7pl4 #ae1 d74 ,! olla is once m all[$ to dry = ab\t ! same l5g? ( "t z be=e4 ,dur+ ^! successive dry+s ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( w9d plays a consid]able "p 9 ! l5g? ( "t ! vessel is all[$ to rema9 9 ! sun2 = a /iff breeze w dry ! pa/e almo/ z quickly z ! sun itself4 ,! pott]s d n l to m\ld ollas :5 !re is mu* w9d because ! pa/e dries s quickly t ! vessel is ready to be tak5 up aga9 be=e ! second vessel1 ^u :i* ! pott] is work+1 is ready to set aside4 ,occasionally1 b by no means always1 ! dry+ olla is turn$ s z to pres5t a fre% section ( ! side to ! sun4 ,aft] te/+ ) ! h& ! newly built "p ( ! olla1 to det]m9e its firmness1 ! vessel1 if suffici5tly dri$1 is tak5 to ! "w-bo>d & ! build+ cont9u$4 ,! p9*+ ( ! rim is done z be=e1 two m r+s are add$1 & _! %ap+ is begun4 ,! rolls decrease v sl[ly 9 diamet]4 ,9 %ap+ ) ! kajepe only ! newly add$ section ( ! vessel is treat$4 ,at ?is /age ! "w becomes m difficult1 = ! two r+s j add$ =m ! l[] "p ( ! neck ( ! olla1 & !re=e con/rict ! m\? ( ! p>tly f9i%$ vessel4 ,if ! pa/e is a little too s(t1 ! newly built section w sag :5 ! %ap+ is begun4 ,! vessel mu/ !n be set aside at once until x rea*es ! prop] degree ( /iffness4 ,:ile us+ ! kajepe on ! ext]ior1 dur+ ?is /age ( ! con/ruction1 ! left h& is held inside ! vessel n only z a brace or /op1 b also z a support = ! incurv+ side4 ,:5 ! scrap+ & smoo?+ h be5 f9i%$1 & ! side has be5 giv5 ! prop] curve1 ! rim is smoo!d a little be=e ! vessel1 n[ 9 ! fif? /age 7pl4 #ae1 e71 is aga9 set aside4 ,half an h\r or s lat] ! build+ ( ! olla is complet$ by ! addition ( "o m r+4 ,! rolls compos+ ?is r+ are di/9ctly m sl5d] ?an ! fir/ rolls us$ 9 ! vessel4 ,:5 ?is r+ has be5 appli$ ! rim is cursorily smoo!d & ! la/ %ap+ begun4 ,! f9al delicate cont\r ( ! vessel dep5ds to a l>ge ext5t ^u ?is f9al %ap+ ne> ! rim4 ,! kajepe is us$ ) pa9/ak+ c>e1 & ! "w progresses sl[ly4 ,a slight outw>d fl>e is giv5 to ! lip by c>eful manipulation ( ! kajepe on ! int]ior4 ,:5 ?is is complet$1 ! olla has rea*$ ! six? /age 7pl4 #ae1 f74 ,! f9i%+ t\*es consi/ l>gely 9 go+ ov] ! rim c>efully & add+ pellets ( pa/e :5 necess>y1 ?us mak+ its curve z ne>ly uni=m z possible4 ,?is process consumes a consid]able am\nt ( "t1 = ! "w is done v pa9/ak+ly & sl[ly 7pl4 #ag1 a74 ,! vessel has n[ atta9$ its f9al %ape 7pl4 #ae1 g & h71 & = ! la/ "t is set out 9 ! sun to dry4 ,! "t tak5 to m\ld an olla is f> great] ?an t necess>y = a b[l4 ,! type ( olla %[n 9 ! illu/rations is ab\t f\rte5 in*es 9 diamet] at ! %\ld]4 ,! pott] :o made ^! c\nt$ on m\ld+ two su* ollas ea* day4 ,on "s days a little "t 0 left 9 ! aft]noon 9 :i* to make "s small] vessels1 b no olla 0 ev] begun 9 ! aft]noon4 ,ollas 7 usually />t$ betwe5 t5 & elev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+ & f9i%$ betwe5 half-pa/-?ree & half-pa/-f\r 9 ! aft]noon4 ,dur+ ! e>ly morn+ ! h\sehold tasks _h to be att5d$ to2 at noon ab\t an h\r 0 us$ 9 prep>+ & eat+ lun*2 & at v>i\s times dur+ ! day ! *ildr51 especially ! baby1 made x necess>y = ! pott] to leave h] "w4 ,table ,,iii1 columns ,a & ,b1 gives 9 detail ! v>i\s /eps 9 ! con/ruction ( two ollas1 toge!r ) ! "t ea* vessel 0 actually "u ! h&s ( ! pott] & ! l5g? ( ! int]vals 9 :i* ! vessel 0 dry+2 columns ,c & ,d record two o!r ollas on :i* ! obs]vations 7 less complete4 ,z a rule x requires "o & a half ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #af a ,pott] m\ld+ an olla4 ,! fir/ roll at ! %\ld] has j be5 add$4 ,! tempor>y rim has be5 p9*$ up ) ! ?umb & =ef+] to provide a firm seat = ! succe$+ roll4 b ,a pott] ( ,san ,ildefonso4 ,! co/ume is typical ( ! ,rio ,gr&e ,pueblos4 ,) ! exception ( ! %awl x is entirely ( native manufacture4 h\rs' "w to m\ld an olla4 ,9 ! case ( olla ,a1 ! pott] 0 un=tunate 9 misjudg+ ! prop] consi/5cy ( ! pa/e1 :i* delay$ ! con/ruction ( ?is vessel an entire half-h\r1 omitt+ ! p]iods ( additional dry+4 ,! two ollas 7 begun at elev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+2 ! second ( ! two 0 set aside complet$ at eight m9utes pa/ f\r 9 ! aft]noon4 ,x is said t x requires "o :ole day1 & sometimes two1 to m\ld a s+le v l>ge olla4 ,! process is id5tical ) t j describ$4 ,9 ! case ( small ollas 7su* z ^? se5 9 pl4 #ah1 a7 a s+le p]iod ( dry+ elapses betwe5 ! con/ruction ( ! body & t ( ! neck4 ,^! small ollas c be m\ld$ 9 a little less ?an twice ! "t tak5 = a b[l ( ab\t ! same diamet]4 ,,table ,,iii ,a ,b ,c ,d ,m94 ,sec4 ,fir/ clay pick$ up #jj4jj #jj4jj #jj4jj #jj4jj ,pat plac$ 9 puki #jd4jj #jd4jj ,second h&ful ( clay pick$ up #jd4cj #je4cj ,fir/ roll add$ #je4jj #jf4jj ,fir/ r+ flatt5$1 second begun #jf4de #jh4cj ,second r+ flatt5$1 ?ird begun #ji4jj #aj4jj ,?ird r+ flatt5$1 f\r? begun #aa4cj #ab4cj ,f\r? r+ flatt5$1 fif? begun #ae4jj #af4de ,fif? r+ flatt5$ 7,/age ,i1 pl4 #ae1 a71 inside scrap+ begun #ah4cj #bj4jj ,ext]ior scrap+ begun #ba4jj #ba4cj ,rim smoo!d & int]ior scrap+ begun #bc4jj #bd4jj ,rim smoo?+ begun #be4jj #bg4cj ,set aside 7,/age ,,ii1 pl4 #ae1 b7 #bf4jj #bi4jj ,"t out #cd4jj #bd4cj ,int]ior smoo?+1 !n ext]ior #bf4jj #bi4jj ,set aside 7,/age ,,iii1 pl4 #ae1 c7 #cc4jj #cb4cj ,"t out #ec4jj #ei4jj ,p9*+ ( rim begun #cc4jj #cb4cj #cc4jj #cc4jj ,p9*+ ( rim complet$ #cd4ae #cc4cj ,fir/ roll made #ce4jj #cd4ae ,fir/ roll p9*$ on1 second begun #ce4cj #cd4cj ,second roll p9*$ on1 flatt5+ begun #ci4de #cf4cj ,fir/ r+ flatt5$ #da4jj #cg4cj #cg4jj ,second r+ flatt5$1 rim smoo?+ begun #de4jj #da4cj #da4jj ,int]ior scrap+ begun #de4cj #db4jj #db4jj ,ext]ior scrap+ begun #ej4jj #de4jj #de4jj ,rim smoo?+ begun #eb4jj #dg4jj ,int]ior smoo?+ begun #ec4cj #dh4cj #dg4jj ,ext]ior smoo?+ begun #ee4jj #di4cj #eb4jj ,rim smoo?+ begun #eg4jj #ej4ae ,set aside 7,/age ,,iv1 pl4 #ae1 d7 #eh4jj #ej4de #ed4jj #ee4jj ,"t out #bg4jj #bj4de #bh4jj #fh4jj ,p9*+ ( rim begun #eh4jj #ej4de #ed4jj #ee4jj ,p9*+ ( rim complet$ #eh4de #ea4ae ,fir/ roll complet$ #ei4cj #eb4jj ,fir/ r+ flatt5$1 second begun #fd4jj #ef4de ,second r+ on #ff4ae #ei4de ,second r+ flatt5$1 rim smoo?+ begun #fg4ae #fj4cj #fa4jj ,ext]ior scrap+ begun #fh4jj #fj4de #fa4ae ,int]ior scrap+ begun #gj4jj omitt$ omitt$ omitt$ ,set aside 7clay too s(t7 #gj4cj 8 8 8 ,rim smoo?+ begun omitt$ #fc4jj 8 8 ,set aside omitt$ #fc4de 8 8 ,"t out #ac4de #ag4jj 8 8 ,int]ior scrap+ begun #gj4cj #fc4de #fd4jj ,ext]ior smoo?+ begun #ge4ae #fi4ae ,rim smoo?+ begun #gg4ae #ga4de ,set aside 7,/age ,v1 pl4 #ae1 e7 #gi4ae #gc4cj #fi4jj #fg4jj ,"t out #ah4jj #ae4ae #fh4jj #db4jj ,int]ior smoo?+ begun #gi4ae omitt$ omitt$ omitt$ ,ext]ior smoo?+ begun #hc4de 8 8 8 ,rim smoo?+ begun #hd4ae 8 8 8 ,set aside #hd4de 8 8 8 ,"t out #cc4jj 8 8 8 ,int]ior smoo?+ begun #hd4de 8 8 8 ,ext]ior smoo?+ begun #hh4jj 8 8 8 ,set aside #hi4de 8 8 8 ,"t out #ba4jj 8 8 8 ,p9*+ ( rim begun #hi4de #gc4cj #fi4jj #fg4jj ,fir/ roll put on #ib4de #ge4jj ,r+ flatt5$1 rim smoo!d1 ext]ior scrap+ begun #id4de #gg4cj #gc4jj ,int]ior scrap+ begun #ig4de #gi4jj #gf4jj ,ext]ior smoo?+ begun #ajj4ae #ha4cj ,int]ior smoo?+ begun 7,/age ,,vi1 pl4 #ae1 f7 #aja4de #hc4jj ,ext]ior smoo?+ begun #ajb4de omitt$ omitt$ omitt$ ,rim smoo?+ begun #ajc4cj #hd4cj #hd4jj #hc4jj ,set aside 7clay 9 rim too s(t7 #aje4ae omitt$ omitt$ omitt$ ,"t out #af4cj 8 8 8 ,int]ior & ext]ior smoo?+ begun omitt$ 8 8 #hg4jj ,rim f9i%+ begun #aje4ae #ij4cj #ia4jj ,vessel complet$ 7,/age ,,vii1 pl4 #ae1 g1 h7 #aai4de #id4cj #ic4jj #ih4jj ,total elaps$ "t f beg9n+3 ,ollas ,a & ,b1 #e h\rs1 #g m9utes1 #cj seconds2 ,ollas ,c & ,d1 ab\t #e h\rs4 ,,cook+-,,vessels ,! clay =m+ ! pa/e ( ^! pieces is call$ ,apa*e clay1 & is v diff]5t f t employ$ 9 mak+ ord9>y w>e 7see p4 #bb72 x is us$ )\t ! addition ( any temp]+ mat]ial4 ,j be=e m\ld+ is />t$1 ! clay is c>efully gone ov] 9 a f9al se>* = small pebbles4 ,! m\ld+ diff]s only 9 detail f t ( vessels made f o!r k9ds ( pa/e4 ,a pat v mu* ?9n] ?an ^? describ$ above is made & plac$ 9 ! puki4 ,! vessel is built by ! addition ( rolls :i* are ( small] diamet] ?an usual--ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in*4 ,:5 ! body has be5 built to ! desir$ height1 ! scrap+ & smoo?+ ) ! kajepe are begun4 ,at fir/ ! vessel1 l ! o!rs1 is cyl9drical2 b ! scrap+1 fir/ on ! ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ag a4 ,putt+ ! f9i%+ t\*es on an olla4 ,! pott]'s left h& is support+ ! s(t neck :ile %e %apes x f ! outside ) ! kajepe4 ,9 front is a pile ( base-m\lds 7pukis7 = small b[ls2 at ! pott]'s "r is a l>d-pail ( wat] & a res]ve supply ( clay wrapp$ 9 a canvas4 b4 ,apply+ a horizontal h&le to a small olla2 two g\rd spoons 7kajepes7 are ly+ on ! table4 int]ior & !n on ! ext]ior1 ?9s ! sides & gives x a sph]ical %ape4 ,aft] ! smoo?+ ! sides are f "o-eigh? to ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* ?ick1 mu* ?9n] ?an ! walls ( vessels made ( o!r k9ds ( pa/e4 ,:5 ! body has assum$ ! desir$ %ape1 additional rolls are add$ to =m ! lip1 :i* is scrap$1 smoo!d1 & fl>$ ) ! kajepe4 ,dur+ ! entire p]iod ( m\ld+ small pebbles are con/antly be+ f\nd & remov$1 = ,apa*e clay conta9s a great _m m pebbles ?an ! o!r clays4 ,aft] ! f9i%+ t\*es h be5 complet$1 ! rim is ind5t$1 & a v]tical h&le is add$ z describ$ bel[ 7see p4 #ej74 ,! ind5t+ ( ! rim is done ) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r h&4 ,! ?umb is plac$ "u ! fl>+ rim1 ) ! nail v]tical2 ! =ef+] re/s ^u ! lip1 ! nail horizontal4 ,! f+]s are 9 ab\t ! position !y w\ld assume 7 ! pott] hold+ a p5cil4 ,a g5tle d[nw>d pressure ( ! h& ind5ts ! rim slightly1 ! nail ( ! ?umb leav+ a small m>k on ! "u side ( ! lip4 ,?is pressure is repeat$ at int]vals ( ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* until ! entire lip has be5 giv5 an ind5t$ or undulat+ edge4 ,! con/ruction describ$ above is t ( a small olla ab\t six in*es 9 diamet]4 ,l>g] ollas are built 9 sev]al /ages 9 ! same mann] z ollas made ( ! o!r =ms ( pa/e4#cc ,! "t consum$ 9 ! m\ld+ ( cook+ vessels 0 not$ 9 only "o case4 ,six rolls 7 us$ = ! body & two = ! lip4 ,be=e ! kajepe 0 us$ = ! fir/ "t ! cyl9drical body 0 five in*es 9 diamet] & f\r & a half in*es high4 ,table ,,iv gives ! "t ( con/ruction1 divid$ accord+ to ! v>i\s /eps ( ! "w4 ,,table ,,iv ,m94 ,sec4 #jj4jj -- ,knead+ ( small h&ful ( clay to elim9ate pebbles begun #jd4jj -- ,pat plac$ 9 puki1 knead+ ( clay = rolls begun #ab4jj -- ,mak+ ( fir/ roll begun #ai4jj -- ,six rolls add$ & flatt5$1 int]ior scrap+ begun #bj4cj -- ,ext]ior scrap+ begun1 lat] int]ior smoo?+ begun1 foll[$ %ortly by ext]ior smoo?+ #bf4jj -- ,sev5? roll add$ #bi4jj -- ,eigh? roll flatt5$ & int]ior smoo?+ begun #bi4cj -- ,ext]ior smoo?+ begun #cb4jj -- ,rim smoo?+ begun #ch4jj -- ,f9i%+ t\*es begun1 foll[$ by ind5t+ rim #df4jj -- ,m\ld+ complet$1 vessel set aside #i4jj -- ,"t out #df4jj -- ,"w ^u h&le begun #di4jj -- ,h&le f9i%$1 vessel complet$ ,,pray]-,,meal ,,b[ls ,pray]-meal b[ls are ( two sorts1 b[l-%ap$ ) a t]rac$ elevation on "o side ( ! rim1 & rectangul>1 or box-l1 ) a t]rac$ elevation at ei!r end4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( a rectangul> pray]-meal b[l1 no puki is employ$4 ,! pat1 ei!r circul> or rectangul> 9 %ape1 is made z usual4 ,x is plac$ ^u a bo>d1 c>e be+ tak5 to press x d[n h>d1 & ! rectangul> %ape is acc5tuat$ by ! p9*+ up ( ! edge4 ,a ?9 lay] ( temp] may1 or may n1 be spr9kl$ on ! bo>d be=e ! pat is plac$ ^u x4 ,to ?is pat are add$ two or ?ree rolls 9 ! mann] already describ$4 ,:5 x is desir$ to turn ! vessel1 ! bo>d ^u :i* x re/s is turn$4 ,! bo>d is ei!r held 9 ! lap or re/s on ! top ( a l[ /ool4 ,9 scrap+ & %ap+ ! vessel "o pott] began to use ! kajepe on ! ext]ior fir/1 !n proce$$ to ! int]ior2 ano!r rev]s$ ! process4 ,! /roke on ! ext]ior is v]tical at ! corn]s & ne>ly horizontal on ! sides2 on ! int]ior x is ne>ly horizontal4 ,:5 ! build+ ( ! vessel has be5 complet$1 ! rim is smoo!d1 & ! corn]s ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,! ?ree /ages 9 mak+ ! t]rac$ end ( a pray]-meal b[l3 a4 ,end built to full height4 b4 ,not*es cut ) a taut /r+4 c4 ,bits ( clay remov$ f ! not*es & edges ( t]rac+ smoo!d d[n4 made /raight4 ,! b[l may be press$ lightly betwe5 ! h&s to improve ! symmetry & to make all ! corn]s m ne>ly "r angles2 x is !n set aside = a :ile4 ,! next /ep is ! con/ruction ( ! t]rac$ ends4 ,a s+le %ort roll is atta*$ to ! int]ior ( ! rim at "o end4 ,?is roll is press$ flat1 & smoo!d ) ! kajepe1 fir/ on ! int]ior & !n on ! ext]ior4 ,! %>p edges are s(t5$1 ! rim is smoo!d1 & ! junctions ( ?is new portion ) ! sides are r\nd$ (f4 ,! result is a flatt5$ semicircul> v]tical projection at ! end 7see fig4 #g1 a74 ,! o!r end is !n treat$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! b[l is n[ ready to h ! t]races put 94 ,!re are two me?ods ( do+ ?is4 ,"o pott] uses a long /r+ 9 mak+ ! fir/ m>ks4 ,! /r+ is /ret*$ taut horizontally1 p>allel to ! l5g? ( ! b[l4 ,x is !n press$ lightly on bo? ends at ! same "t1 fir/ on "o side ( ! c5tre1 !n on ! o!r4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! h&s is next %ort5$1 & two not*es are cut on ei!r side ( ! c5tre ( ! end ) ?is /r+1 :i* is /ill held horizontally4 ,simil> not*es are cut 9 ! o!r end4 ,ea* end ( ! b[l is n[ z %[n 9 fig4 #g1 b4 ,ano!r pott] does n make ! initial m>ks 9 ! two ends simultane\sly4 ,hold+ ! end ( ! b[l t[>ds h]1 %e lightly m>ks ! l9es to be cut ) h] f+]nail4 ,!n1 pick+ up ! /r+ & foll[+ ! m>ks made by h] f+]nail1 ! not*es are cut 9 ! way describ$4 ,z soon z ! not*es h be5 cut1 ! small triangul> pieces ( clay are remov$1 ! edges r\nd$ ) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r h&1 & ! corn]s made into curves4 ,small pellets ( clay may be add$ if necess>y4 ,aft] a few f9i%+ t\*es ) ! =ef+] ! t]rac+ ( ! ends ( ! b[l is complet$ 7see fig4 #g1 c74#cd ,! "t consum$ by ! swifte/ pott] ( ! village1 9 m\ld+ an unusually l>ge pray]-meal b[l1 is record$ 9 ,table ,v4 ,! piece 0 sev5 & a half in*es long1 f\r & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es wide1 & ?ree & a half in*es high4 ,! t]races rais$ ! ends "o & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es m4 ,,table ,v ,m94 ,sec4 #jj4jj -- ,fir/ h&ful ( pa/e = ! b[l pick$ up #jh4jj -- ,two rolls put on ! pat & flatt5$1 ! rim smoo!d & int]ior scrap+ begun 7ext]ior scrap+ done lat]7 #bb4jj -- ,m\ld+ ( ! b[l itself complet$1 aft] "s "t sp5t 9 press+ d[n ! pat on ! int]ior ( ! b[l4 ,vessel set aside #bb4jj -- ,"t out #bb4jj -- ,int]ior & ext]ior smoo?+ begun #bf4jj -- ,pa/e pick$ up = roll to be plac$ on "o end ( b[l #bi4de -- ,roll flatt5$ & smoo?+ ( edges begun #cj4cj -- ,int]ior scrap+ begun #ca4aj -- ,ext]ior scrap+ begun #ca4de -- ,smoo?+ ( connection ) sides begun #cb4cj -- ,roll plac$ on o!r end #cc4de -- ,roll flatt5$ & int]ior scrap+ begun #cd4ae -- ,ext]ior scrap+ begun #cd4de -- ,v small roll plac$ on fir/ end to improve curve1 foll[$ by a little smoo?+ ) kajepe #ce4de -- ,f9i%+ ( end begun #cg4cj -- ,m>k+ ( "o end ) f+]nail begun #ch4ae -- ,not*es cut ) ?read1 pieces remov$1 & f9i%+ ( t]race begun #dj4ae -- ,m>k+ ( o!r end ) f+]nail begun #dj4ce -- ,cutt+ ( not*es ) ?read begun #da4je -- ,pieces remov$ & f9i%+ ( t]race begun #dc4ae -- ,f9i%+ complet$ ,,d\ble-,,m\!d ,,vases ,! fir/ /ep 9 ! con/ruction ( ?is type ( vessel is ! m\ld+ ( an op5-m\!d b[l4 ,across ! m\? ( ?is b[l a clay bridge is plac$4 ,f9i%+ t\*es are giv5 at ?is /age ( ! "w1 j z if ! m\ld+ _h be5 entirely complet$4 ,! piece is set aside = a :ile to /iff54 ,lat]1 additional rolls are add$ to ea* half ( ! m\? ( ! b[l by atta*+ !m to ! rim prop] & also to ! bridge4 ,9 ?is way two necks are gradually built up4 ,at regul> int]vals ! "w is set aside to /iff5 9 ord] t x may support ! additional weight to be add$4 ,! %ape & height ( ! two necks dep5d entirely ^u ! :im ( ! pott]4 ,! m\ld+ ( ! upp] p>ts ( ! two necks is a delicate process1 & requires consid]able skill4 ,! roll-m>ks on ! int]ior ( ! neck1 if oblit]at$ at all1 are de/roy$ by ! f+]s only1 s9ce ! diamet] ( ! neck is too small to p]mit ! use ( a kajepe4 ,aft] ! m\ld+ has be5 entirely f9i%$1 a h&le connect+ ! two necks is usually put across ! top at "r angles to ! bridge :i* =ms ! base ( ! necks4 ,obvi\sly ?is h&le has a /ructural z well z ornam5tal purpose4#ce ,,h&les ,9 all cases 9 :i* h&les are to be appli$ ! vessel is entirely f9i%$ be=e !y are put on4 ,! pott]s ( ,san ,ildefonso make ?ree types ( h&les3 7#a7 pass+ across ! top ( an op5-m\!d b[l1 7#b7 atta*$ v]tically to ! side ( a vessel1 7#c7 atta*$ horizontally to ! side ( a vessel4 ,all ?ree types consi/ ( a %ort roll ( pa/e ( ! prop] l5g?1 usually some:at small] 9 diamet] ?an ! rolls us$ 9 ! body ( ! vessel4 ,?is roll is slightly flatt5$ be=e x is appli$4 ,! fir/ two types ( h&les are plac$ on ! vessel 9 ! same mann]4 ,! ends ( ! flatt5$ roll are p9*$ /ill flatt]4 ,9 ! case ( ! h&le ov] ! top ( a b[l1 fir/ "o end ( ! roll1 !n ! o!r1 is atta*$ by pressure to ! ext]ior ( ! rim4 ,! v]tical h&le on ! side ( a vessel is atta*$ fir/ to ! ext]ior ( ! rim1 !n b5t ov] & atta*$ to ! side j above ! %\ld]4 ,! left h& is us$ z a /op on ! inside ( ! vessel 9 ord] t ! %ape ( ! side may n be alt]$ by ! pressure ex]t$ 9 apply+ ! h&le4 ,! junction-l9es betwe5 ! h&le & ! vessel are !n oblit]at$ ) ! =ef+] ( ! "r h&4 ,small pellets ( pa/e may be add$ to ! side ( ! contacts1 especially on ! inn] side ( ! h&le :]e x makes an acute angle ) ! side ( ! b[l4 ,9 ?is way ! weld+ is made solid1 & ! curves regul>4 ,f9ally ! curve ( ! h&le itself is made symmetrical4 ,a few f9i%+ t\*es1 su* z ! oblit]at+ ( f9e cracks 9 ! h&le & ! smoo?+ ( its surface1 complete ! process4 ,su* a h&le may be con/ruct$ 9 ?ree to five m9utes4 ,horizontal h&les are atta*$ to ! sides ( vessels 9 an entirely diff]5t mann]1 be+ key$ or rivet$ 91 r ?an m]ely weld$ on4 ,h&les ( ?is type are usually put on 9 pairs4 ,! position ( "o h&le is *os5 & ! rim ( ! f9i%$ pot is m>k$ to %[ its location2 by sight+ across ! top ( ! vessel a po9t exactly opposite is also m>k$ to give ! location ( ! o!r4 ,= ea* h&le two holes1 ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet] & fairly close toge!r1 are cut ?r\gh ! side ( ! vessel f ! ext]ior ) a small /ick4 ,"o end ( ! roll :i* is to =m ! h&le is ins]t$ 9 "o ( ! two holes4 ,!n ! o!r end is simil>ly ins]t$4 ,! left h& holds ! fir/ end 9 place on ! int]ior1 :ile ! o!r end is be+ put 9 7pl4 #ag1 b74 ,next ! junctions betwe5 ! ends ( ! roll & ! int]ior surface ( ! vessel are smoo!d ov] & oblit]at$ ) ! f+]s ( ! "r h&4 ,! h&le itself is flatt5$ a little1 & small pellets ( pa/e are add$ at ! junctions betwe5 x & ! ext]ior ( ! vessel4 ,^! are smoo!d ov] ) ! f+]s1 s t sup]ficially ! h&le looks z if x _h be5 press$ ^u ! surface 9 ! same mann] z a v]tical h&le4 ,a smoo?+ ( curves1 & t\*+ up ( ! h&les to make !m symmetrical1 =m ! la/ /age ( ! con/ruction4 ,x took "o pott] j an h\r to place a pair ( h&les ( ?is type on a globul> b[l4#cf ,,sun-,,dry+ ,! purpose ( sun-dry+ is to all[ ! vessels to h>d51 & to remove all moi/ure be=e ! "w on !m is complet$4 ,dur+ sun-dry+1 :i* imm$iately foll[s m\ld+1 ! ability ( ! vessels to )/& "s heat is also te/$4 ,pieces made ( improp]ly mix$ clay are elim9at$ at ?is /age ( ! "w1 because ( ! cracks :i* develop 7see "u ,temp]1 p4 #ba74 ,! l5g? ( "t all[$ = sun-dry+ dep5ds ^u ! wea!r & also ^u ! place :]e ! vessels are expos$4 ,dur+ ! dry mon?s ( ! ye>1 notably 9 ,may & ,june1 vessels plac$ 9 ! sun w dry completely 9 less ?an a day1 (t5 9 half a day 7pl4 #ah1 a74 ,9 ! fall x requires an entire day "u ! same conditions4 ,:5 ! sky is cl\dy or %[]s ?reat51 ! dry+ is done 9 ! h\se4 ,if "t is n press+1 ! pots are plac$ on a table1 or 9 ! corn] ( ! room1 & all[$ to rema9 !re ?ree or m days4 ,at ! end ( t "t !y are usually suffici5tly dry4 ,vessels m\ld$ "o aft]noon & plac$ on ! table = ! night are dry en\gh ! foll[+ morn+ to p]mit lift+ !m f ! pukis1 :i* c !n be us$ aga94 ,if1 dur+ cl\dy wea!r1 ! pott] desires to dry ! vessels quickly1 !y are plac$ 9 ! ov5 ( ! small wood-/ove ) :i* mo/ ,san ,ildefonso h\ses are n[adays equipp$4 ,sometimes a piece ( corrugat$ c>dbo>d f a c>ton is plac$ on ! floor ( ! ov51 ! door ( :i* is left op5 to all[ ! evaporat+ moi/ure to escape4 ,only a l[ fire is built 9 ! /ove1 = a hot "o w\ld cause ! vessels to dry too quickly4 ,"u su* treatm5t a bat* ( pott]y c be dri$ 9 two days1 m or less4 ,! l5g? ( "t dep5ds v l>gely ^u ! numb] ( pieces to be dri$1 = ! pott] tries to keep all ! vessels at ab\t ! same /age ( dry+2 ?is ( c\rse requires frequ5t relays 9 ! ov54 ,! mo/ common1 & mo/ natural1 me?od1 h[ev]1 is to place ! vessels 9 ! sun &1 :5 %[]s ?reat51 to c>ry !m hurri$ly into ! h\se4 ,9 ?is way pott]y is dri$ 9 a day or a day & a half4 ,! loss ( moi/ure 9 ! pa/e *anges its color f a d>k r$di% or greyi% br[n to a light r$di% or :iti% grey1 & 9 ! e>ly /ages ! v>iations 9 ! color ( ! pa/e s]ve z indications ( ! dryness ( ! vessel4 ,lat] ! color-*ange is v difficult to detect4 ,v>i\s p>ts ( ! vessel dry at diff]5t rates2 ! rim always fir/1 !n ! body1 & la/ ! base1 bo? because x is ?ick] & because x is usually 9 ! %ad[ ( ! vessel itself2 9 spite ( ?is ! vessels are nev] inv]t$ :ile !y are dry+4 ,! occurr5ce ( cracks 9 ! pa/e is ! only =m ( accid5t :i* takes place dur+ dry+4 ,!re are ?ree sorts ( cracks3 ^? 9 ! bottom ( ! vessel1 :i* usually pass ?r\gh or v ne> ! c5tre ( ! base2 rim-cracks2 & v]tical cracks 9 ! body4 ,all are caus$ by ! contraction ( ! pa/e 9 dry+4 ,! "p ( ! vessel :i* receives ! greate/ /ra9 is ! base1 :i*1 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ah a4 ,vessels on _! base-m\lds dry+ 9 ! sun2 ! pott]y is always ?or\ghly sun-dri$ aft] x is m\ld$ & be=e x is decorat$4 b4 ,summ] h\se ( ,antonita ,roybal1 a woman :o specializes 9 ! manufacture ( l>ge r$ ollas3 a r[ ( ^! may be se5 dry+ be=e ! h\se4 because ( ! am\nt ( pa/e 9 x1 has a t5d5cy to contract m ?an ! bottom ( ! side4 ,! next greate/ /ra9 is at ! bottom ( ! side1 :]e ! pa/e mu/ adju/ itself to ! contraction 9 ! base z well z to t 9 ! body ( ! vessel4 ,! body & lip h ! lea/ /ra91 = ! contraction may be comp5sat$ = by a slight settl+ ( ! pa/e4 ,x is 9 ! base1 !re=e1 t cracks usually occur1 & !n ne> ! c5tre ( x1 s9ce t is ! po9t ( greate/ /ra94 ,! size & quantity ( ! cracks are an indication ( ! am\nt ( temp] /ill ne$$ to make ! pa/e ( j ! "r consi/5cy4 ,if !re are _m small cracks1 or a s+le s]i\s "o1 ! piece may be disc>d$ entirely1 to be brok5 up lat]1 & re-us$ 9 m\ld+4 ,if a crack is n s]i\s1 x is fill$ z foll[s4 ,) a small sliv] ( wood1 or ! end ( a case-knife1 ! pa/e on ! edge ( ! crack is =c$ d[n into x1 fir/ on ! int]ior & !n on ! ext]ior2 little pellets ( pa/e are !n add$ & press$ into ! crack until x is fill$4 ,f9al smoo?+ ) ! f+] or ! kajepe completes ! oblit]ation4 ,small v]tical cracks ne> ! base ( ! body probably also indicate faulty mixture ( ! pa/e4 ,! pott]s1 h[ev]1 say t ^! f9e cracks are caus$ by a vessel's dry+ too quickly 9 ! sun1 & insi/ t if x _h be5 all[$ to dry sl[ly 9 ! h\se1 !y w\ld n h appe>$4 ,su* cracks are too f9e & too num]\s to w>rant ! c>eful fill+ ( ea* "o2 s accord+ly ! surface is m]ely damp5$1 "s s(t pa/e is add$ & rubb$ 9 ) ! f+]s or ! kajepe4 ,cracks runn+ d[nw>d f ! rim are exce$+ly r>e4 ,! wom5 ( ,san ,ildefonso make no attempt to repair !m1 b occasionally cut d[n ! vessel to a small] size4 ,9 ! s+le in/ance not$#cg ! crack 0 fir/ trac$ d[nw>d f ! rim until its end 0 locat$ ^u ! neck1 !n ! upp] "p ( ! neck 0 cut (f bel[ ! end ( ! crack4 ,x 0 ?us possible to use ! base ( ! olla z a l>ge b[l4 ,a l9e p>allel ) ! rim 0 m>k$ ab\t ! circumf]5ce ( ! neck ) a lead-p5cil4 ,?is l9e 0 incis$ ) a p5knife1 & gone ov] aga9 9 ord] to deep5 x4 ,a second l9e 0 incis$ ar\nd ! neck ab\t ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* ne>] ! rim4 ,!n ! pa/e betwe5 ^! two l9es 0 dug out ) great c>e1 =m+ a ,v-%ap$ groove 7pl4 #bj1 a74 ,?is groove 0 cut ?r\gh ab\t "o-half ! ?ickness ( ! wall all ! way ar\nd ! neck4 ,!n at "o po9t ! wall 0 pi]c$1 &1 f !re ar\nd1 ! groove 0 deep5$ by long & %ort /rokes ( a knife pull$ t[>d ! body until ! wall _h be5 cut ?r\gh = ab\t ?ree-fif?s ( ! circumf]5ce4 ,! rema9d] broke away easily4 ,! raw surface ( ! new rim 0 !n s(t5$ by ! application ( wat] & smoo!d ) ! f+]s4 ,! pott] said ?is 0 ! usual me?od ( treat+ a rim crack4 ,,scrap+ ,! purpose ( ?is process is tw(old1 to improve ! surface ( ! vessel by remov+ ! m>ks left by ! kajepe & ! puki1 & to ?9 ! sides1 ?us r$uc+ ! weight ( ! f9i%$ piece4 ,x is usually begun ! day foll[+ ! completion ( ! m\ld+ & sun-dry+1 unless o!r duties1 su* z plant+1 h>ve/+1 & ! l1 =ce a po/ponem5t4 ,l>ge vessels su* z ollas are all[$ to dry ne>ly =ty-eight h\rs be=e !y are scrap$4 ,at ,san ,ildefonso vessels are made 9 quantities rang+ f a doz5 to fifty pieces4 ,! m\ld+ & dry+ ( ! entire gr\p1 a process :i* may ext5d ov] a p]iod ( sev]al days1 is entirely f9i%$ be=e ! scrap+ is begun4 ,!re are ?ree /eps 9 ! scrap+3 ! wett+1 ! actual scrap+1 & ! smoo?+ ( ! surface4 ,! implem5ts employ$ are a wet clo? & a scrap]4 ,! latt] is ei!r ! top ( a bak+-p[d] c1 or a kit*5 case-knife4 ,! c-top seems to be ! m popul> because x may be us$ on ne>ly any type ( curve on ! vessel4 ,! in=mants said t _! p =m]ly us$ pot%]ds1 /ones1 or brok5 animal-bones z scrap]s1 9 fact any?+ t _h a suitable edge2 ! pot%]ds 7 %>p5$ & /raight5$ by rubb+ !m on co>se s&/one4 ,:5 ! vessel is br\ght 9 f dry+1 x is easily lift$ f ! puki1 s9ce ! lay] ( a%es or temp] prev5ts /ick+4 ,a small olla or b[l is held ^u ! left knee1 ) ! m\? tilt$ to ! left & away f ! body4 ,a b[l is held ) ! left h&1 ! f+]s on ! int]ior1 ! ?umb on ! ext]ior ( ! lip4 ,! ext]ior surface ( ! vessel is !n s(t5$ by wip+ x ) a wet rag4 ,?is /ep is omitt$ by "s pott]s always1 by o!rs only :5 ! vessel ne$s a small am\nt ( scrap+4 ,! scrap+ itself is begun :ile ! surface is /ill damp4 ,! scrap] fir/ t\*es ! vessel ne> ! %\ld]4 ,! "w !n cont9ues t[>d ! base by means ( %ort1 quick /rokes tak5 t[>d ! body4 ,z ! "w advances ! upp] "p ( ! b[l is turn$ away f ! body1 t is1 ! vessel turns c\nt]clockwise4 ,:5 ! ridges m>k+ ! =m] position ( ! edge ( ! puki are be+ de/roy$1 c>e is tak5 to keep ! curve ( ! side uni=m f ! base to ! %\ld]4 ,if ! scrap+ discloses an impurity1 su* z a /one fragm5t 9 ! pa/e1 x is remov$2 ! result+ irregul>ity is fill$ ) a p9* ( s(t pa/e1 & smoo!d ov]4 ,! /rokes ( ! scrap] are usually approximately p>allel to ! rim ( ! vessel4 ,! upp] "p is scrap$ z f> z ! surface rema9s convex4 ,9 b[ls ! scrap+ is done to ! v rim4 ,9 bo? l>ge & small ollas ) fl>+ lip1 ! scrap+ cont9ues only to ! base ( ! fl>e4 ,! int]iors ( vessels1 ev5 ( wide-m\!d b[ls1 are nev] scrap$4 ,:5 a b[l requires little scrap+ to make ! surface uni=m1 x may be f9i%$ 9 f ?ree to five m9utes4 ,^? :i* are too ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ai a4 ,scrap+ an olla aft] sun-dry+2 ! implem5t us$ is an ord9>y kit*5 case-knife4 b4 ,scrap+2 ! d>k "p ( ! olla has j be5 moi/5$ to s(t5 ! clay4 heavy1 & !re=e ne$ ?9n+1 take consid]ably long]4 ,x may ev5 be necess>y to moi/5 ! surface a second "t4 ,! pott]s judge ! prop] ?ickness ( ! b[ls by weigh+ !m 9 ! two h&s ) ! elb[s unsupport$4 ,l>ge ollas1 :ile be+ scrap$1 are held 9 ! lap1 ) ! m\? incl9$ to ! left & away f ! body4 ,! left h& support+ ! olla is plac$ palm d[n ^u ! neck 7pl4 #ai1 b74 ,because ( ! ext5t ( surface to be gone ov] only t "p ( ! olla ab\t to be scrap$ is moi/5$ ) ! clo?4 ,:5 a case-knife is us$ in/ead ( a c-top1 x is held ei!r at "r angles to ! surface work$ or at an angle ( ab\t sixty degrees ) ! surface1 ! upp] edge ( ! knife tilt$ away f ! body 7pl4 #ai1 a74 ,9 all vessels1 b[ls z well z ollas1 ! angle ) ! horizontal made by ! m\? v>ies consid]ably1 accord+ to ! "p ( ! vessel be+ scrap$4 ,aft] ! scrap+ prop] is complet$1 "o pott] sometimes rubs ! surface1 includ+ ! rim & lip1 ) a little /eel wool1 :i* noticeably improves ! smoo?ness4 ,! f9al /ep is to g ov] ! entire surface c>efully ) ! palm ( ! "r h& 9 se>* ( irregul>ities or small unev5 spots4 ,:5 ! scrap] is laid aside = ! la/ "t1 ! surface ( ! vessel is aga9 s(t5$ ) a wet clo?4 ,by means ( vigor\s rubb+ ! ?9 film ( moi/ surface-pa/e is r$i/ribut$ ov] ! entire ext]ior ( ! vessel1 fill+ ! small scrat*es made by ! scrap]1 & s(t5+ ! edges ( ! l>g] ones4 ,if ! vessel is a b[l or a l>ge olla1 its position is !n *ang$ s t its m\? is tilt$ to ! "r & t[>ds ! body1 :]eupon ! int]ior is treat$ ) a wet clo?4 ,! f9i%+ t\*es consi/ 9 smoo?+1 ei!r ) a wet clo? or ! ball ( ! f+]1 small areas ( ! surface :i* are n q to ! pott]'s satisfaction4 ,! use ( ! wet clo? gives a uni=m smoo? texture :i* is a di/9ct improvem5t ov] ! scrap$ surface4 ,! pa/e resumes its dry color 9 ?ree to five m9utes aft] ! wett+4 ,?is process actually am\nts to ! same ?+ z putt+ a ?9 slip ( pa/e ^u ! vessel1 b ! pott]s d n ?9k ( x 9 t light4 ,x is said t "s wom5 entirely omit ?is f9al smoo?+ /ep4 ,=m]ly a wet clo? 0 n us$2 ! f+]s alone1 a piece ( s&/one1 or a corncob s]v$1 accord+ to ! in=mants1 to smoo? ! surface aft] scrap+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 clo? 0 us$ 9 old times = smoo?+ pott]y1 z clay-sme>$ rags are occasionally discov]$ 9 ! rubbi% ( anci5t cliff h\ses4 ,gr\nd pot%]ds1 on ! o!r h&1 7 m (t5 us$ ?an g\rd-r9d kajepes1 ! latt] be+ v r>e ev5 9 ! dry deposits f\nd 9 caves4 ,at ,pecos well-worn fragm5ts ( ! spongy int]ior p>ts ( l>ge animal bones h be5 f\nd :i* may well h be5 employ$ = smoo?+4 ,! "t elem5t 9 scrap+ is a v>iable quantity4 ,table ,,vi on ! foll[+ page is ! record ( "o pott]4 ,a1 ,b1 & ,c 7 l>ge ollas2 ,d1 ,e1 & ,f 7 small globul> ollas six in*es 9 diamet] & five in*es high2 ,g 0 a %all[1 wide-m\!d b[l4 ,,table ,,vi ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,m94 ,sec4 ,wet clo? appli$ #jj4jj #jj4jj #jj4jj #jj4jj #jj4jj #jj4jj #jj4jj ,scrap+ begun #jj4cj #ja4jj #jj4cj ,wet clo? appli$ aga9 #jb4cj #jh4cj ,wet clo? appli$ aga9 #jd4jj #aa4jj ,/eel wool rub begun #je4cj #af4cj ,scrap+ done1 ext]ior smoo?+ begun #jh4jj #ah4cj #ah4jj #jh4cj #jc4jj #je4jj #jh4jj ,int]ior smoo?+ begun #ad4cj #bf4jj #aa4jj #je4cj #jg4cj #aa4jj ,f9i%+ begun #ag4jj ,set aside #ag4cj #ca4cj #ce4jj #ac4jj #jh4cj #jh4cj #ae4cj ,! treatm5t ( ! vessels aft] scrap+ v>ies consid]ably among diff]5t pott]s4 ,"o places ! scrap$ vessels 9 ! sun = a p]iod ( n less ?an ?ree days 9 ord] to te/ !m = cracks2 ano!r beg9s ! next /ep 9 ! "w1 t ( slipp+1 almo/ at once1 sometimes ! same day2 a ?ird aft] scrap+ ollas replaces !m 9 ! sun = a day or s1 9 ord] to all[ !m to 8get w>m0 7t is1 dry ?or\ghly71#ch be=e ! slipp+ & poli%+ are begun4 ,,slipp+ ,,& ,,poli%+ ,up to ?is po9t all vessels are made 9 ! same g5]al mann]4 ,9 ! succe$+ /ages ! treatm5t diff]s accord+ to ! type ( decoration :i* is ev5tually to be appli$4 ,! mak+ ( ! vessel has be5 complet$1 & ! f9i%+ is n[ begun4 ,j z ! mak+ is divid$ into ?ree g5]al processes--m\ld+1 sun-dry+1 & scrap+1 s ! f9i%+ is simil>ly divid$ into slipp+1 pa9t+1 & fir+4 ,slipp+ is ! application ( a v ?9 lay] ( clay to ! surface or surfaces ( ! vessel to produce a smoo? texture1 uni=m 9 color1 :i* gives ! pott]y a pleas+ appe>ance2 x also s]ves z a backgr\nd ^u :i* designs may be pa9t$4 ,! slip fur!r acts z a siz+4 ,san ,ildefonso slip is a saturat$ solution ( a color$ clay 9 wat]2 x is v little ?ick] ?an wat]1 & is appli$ by means ( a small piece ( clo?1 us$ 9 mu* ! same way 9 :i* a pa9t] w\ld h&le a bru% an in* & a half or two in*es wide4 ,x is said t =m]ly a small piece ( sk9 0 us$ in/ead ( a clo? mop4 ,! treatm5t aft] application dep5ds ^u ! slip us$2 "s slips are m]ely wip$ vigor\sly ) a clo?1 o!rs mu/ be poli%$ ) smoo?1 f9e-gra9$ /ones4 ,at ,san ,ildefonso ! pott]s use slips ( f\r diff]5t colors--:ite 7( two v>ieties71 orange-r$1 r$1 & d>k-r$4 ,! r$ & d>k-r$ slips & "o v>iety ( ! :ite mu/ be poli%$2 ! o!r :ite & ! orange-r$ d n ne$ x4 ,! :ite slips are pr9cipally us$ z backgr\nds 9 poly*rome w>e 7see pl4 #f71 ! r$ = undecorat$ r$ w>e & poli%$ black w>e 7see pl4 #h71 & ! d>k-r$ = decorat$ r$ w>e 7see pl4 #g1 a1 b74 ,! orange-r$ slip is ! only "o ( ! f\r :i* is n us$ on ! body ( vessels1 x be+ conf9$ to ! bases ( ollas & ( "s b[ls4 ,! :ite & ! orange-r$ are us$ also 9 ! elem5ts ( designs4#ci ,,:ite ,,slip ,! native :ite slip 7see p4 #bc7 is appli$ & poli%$ 9 ! same mann] z ! r$ slip 7see p4 #bc74 ,x has be5 v l>gely supplant$ by ! ,santo ,dom+o :ite slip1 :i* does n require poli%+4 ,! ,santo ,dom+o :ite slip 7see p4 #bc7 is a soapy clay :i* ! ,san ,ildefonso pott]s obta9 f ! ,indians ( ,santo ,dom+o & ,co*iti4 ,x is mix$ ) wat] 9 enamell$ pans & bas9s or 9 *9a di%es1 al?\gh =m]ly pott]y vessels 7 us$ to hold x4 ,al?\gh undissolv$ lumps ( ! clay rema9 9 ! bottom ( ! vessel conta9+ ! solution1 ! latt] is n appreciably ?ick] ?an wat]4 ,! mop ) :i* x is appli$ is a fold$ clo?1 ab\t two in*es wide & ?ree1 or ?ree & a half1 in*es long4 ,?is is held at "o end1 betwe5 ! ?umb & ! fir/ two f+]s ( ! "r h&1 ! o!r end ( ! clo? act+ z a two-in* wide pa9t-bru%1 :i* is manipulat$ ) an easy1 backw>d-=w>d /rok+ motion1 p>allel to ! rim4#dj ,be=e ! slip is appli$1 ! h& is rubb$ ov] ! surface 9 ord] to remove any du/ or p[d] :i* may rema9 aft] ! scrap+4 ,"s vessels1 :ile be+ slipp$1 are held ) ! m\? v]tical & to ! left1 support$ by ! b5t f+]s ( ! left h& aga9/ ! int]ior ( ! rim4 ,o!rs are held upright1 re/+ ^u ! palm ( ! left h& 7pl4 #bj1 b74 ,9 bo? cases ! vessels are revolv$ c\nt]clockwise z ! slip is appli$4 ,9 ! conta9] ! slip is creamy :ite1 b :5 fir/ laid on x turns a muddy yell[i%-:ite1 because ! clay bel[ d>k5s z x absorbs ! moi/ure4 ,)9 two or ?ree m9utes ! "u clay dries1 & ! surface becomes dead :ite4 ,five or six coats are appli$1 ! vessel be+ all[$ to become completely dry aft] ea* "o4 ,"o pott] rubb$ ! surface vigor\sly ) a dry clo? aft] ea* application & be=e ! slip _h ?or\ghly dri$4 ,ano!r rubb$ ! vessel ) a clo? only aft] all ! coats _h be5 put on1 b be=e ! la/ _h dri$4 ,usually ! "w is done 9 ! sun1 at ! place :]e ! pieces h be5 dry+1 b occasionally x is c>ri$ on 9 ! h\se1 & betwe5 coat+s ! vessels are plac$ 9 an ov5 heat$ by a sl[ fire4 ,! l5g? ( "t1 five or m m9utes1 dur+ :i* ! vessel rema9s 9 ! ov5 is det]m9$ by te/+ ! w>m? ( its surface4 ,:5 ! "w has be5 complet$1 ! v fa9t m>ks ( ! mop are visible4 ,pieces ( pott]y ( v>i\s %apes are slipp$ on diff]5t surfaces4 ,small ollas & con/rict$-m\!d b[ls are coat$ ) :ite only on ! upp] two-?irds or ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! ext]ior4 ,no p>ticul> c>e is tak5 to keep ! l[] edge ( ! slip regul>4 ,( small] vessels ! entire ext]ior1 includ+ ! base1 is usually cov]$4 ,op5-m\!d b[ls are coat$ ) :ite bo? 9 ! int]ior & ! upp] "p ( ! ext]ior4 ,%all[ op5-m\!d b[ls may be coat$ only on ! int]ior4 ,! ext]ior surfaces n treat$ ) :ite slip are lat] coat$ ) orange-r$ slip 7see bel[74 ,! actual l5g? ( "t t ea* vessel is 9 ! h&s ( ! pott] :ile x is be+ slipp$ is v %ort4 ,x requires "o-qu>t] to "o-half a m9ute to apply a coat ( slip to a con/rict$-m\!d b[l six to eight in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! six coats c\ld be appli$ 9 less ?an ?ree m9utes4 ,ano!r half m9ute is ne$$ = ! rubb+ ) ! clo? at ! end4 ,f\r m9utes 9 all is a g5]\s e/imate4 ,a coat ( slip is appli$ to ! entire gr\p ( vessels at "o "t 7pl4 #bj1 b74 ,less ?an fifte5 m9utes are requir$ to give a s+le coat ( slip to a gr\p ( f tw5ty to ?irty pieces4 ,aft] ?is /ep has be5 complet$1 ! vessels are plac$ 9 ! sun = an h\r or m be=e ! pa9t+ ( ! design is begun1 ! l5g? ( "t dep5d+ ^u att5dant circum/ances4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bj a ,cutt+ ! top f an olla :i* _h crack$ slightly at ! rim dur+ ! f9al sun-dry+4 ,! raw edge 0 aft]w>ds work$ d[n to =m a new rim1 & ! vessel 0 successfully fir$4 b ,apply+ :ite slip ) a clo? mop4 ,! enamell$ pan conta9+ ! prep>$ slip is on ! b5* at ! pott]'s side4 ,a numb] ( vessels are slipp$ at "o "t4 ,,orange-,,r$ ,,slip ,?is slip is appli$ only to ! bases ( vessels 7ollas & c]ta9 b[ls7 & to ! int]ior ( ! lips ( ollas4 ,be=e burn+ x is mu/>d-yell[ 9 color1 b aft] fir+ x becomes orange-r$4 ,a clo? mop is us$ = application 9 ! same mann] z ) ! :ite slip2 "o coat only is appli$ to ea* surface4 ,z a rule ! vessel be+ slipp$ is held 9 ! lap1 ! m\? v]tical & turn$ to ! left 7pl4 #ba1 a74 ,! left h& is plac$ 9 ! int]ior to support x & keep x turn+ c\nt]clockwise1 t is1 ! upp] "p is turn$ away f ! body1 z ! /rokes are tak5 t[>ds ! body4 ,! =mation ( ! junction-l9e betwe5 ?is base-slip & ! body-slip is v c>efully h&l$4 ,no att5tion is paid to ! l[] edge ( ! body-slip1 except to notice its g5]al location1 = ! base-slip cov]s x & itself produces ! edge4 ,?is upp] l9e1 made by long1 c>eful1 sl[1 trail+ /rokes ( ! mop1 is drawn entirely free-h&1 yet ! pott]s succe$ surpris+ly well 9 keep+ x always ! same di/ance f ! c5tre ( ! base4 ,?ree or f\r /rokes are m ?an suffici5t to encircle ! vessel 7pl4 #ba1 a74 ,x is (t5 possible 9 ! f9i%$ piece to trace ! l[] edge ( ! body-slip1 "u ! orange-r$ coat+4 ,aft] ! junction l9e has be5 drawn1 ! re/ ( ! base is cov]$ ) %ort] =w>d-backw>d /rokes4 ,! application ( ! orange-r$ slip to ! int]ior ( ! lips ( ollas is done ) ! same c>eful1 sl[ te*nique us$ 9 =m+ ! junction-l9e ne> ! base ( ! body2 dur+ ! process ! vessel is held on ! palm ( ! h& "r-side up4 ,! ext]ior ( %all[ b[ls :i* receive no :ite slip is completely coat$ ) ! orange-r$1 ! b[l be+ inv]t$ ov] ! left h& dur+ ! application4 ,! orange-r$ slip may be put on ei!r be=e or aft] ! pa9t+ ( ! design2 if be=e1 ! pa9t+ may be begun at once2 if aft]1 ! application may be delay$ until )9 an h\r or two ( burn+4 ,if ! vessels are set aside = a :ile at ?is /age1 !y are cov]$ ) a clo? to keep ! du/ & flies away4 ,! "t elem5t is practically ! same z 9 ! case ( ! :ite slip4 ,,r$ ,,slip ,! r$ slip1 z 0 said above1 s]ves to cov] ! surfaces ( undecorat$ r$-w>e4 ,x is always poli%$ ) ! rubb+-/one aft] application4 ,:5 giv5 a c]ta9 special fir+ 7see p4 #gd7 x turns a lu/r\s black & s produces poli%$ black w>e 7pl4 #h1 b74 ,?is slip is a saturat$ solution 9 wat] ( ! r$ clay j z x 0 obta9$ f ! claypits 7see p4 #bd74 ,al?\gh undissolv$ lumps rema9 at ! bottom ( ! solution1 ! latt] is no ?ick] ?an wat]4 ,! conta9]s are ei!r op5-m\!d pott]y b[ls or *9a di%es4 ,! slip is appli$ z usual ) a small fold$ rag4 ,:ile x is be+ put on1 ! vessel may be hung f ! f+]s ( ! left h& ) ! m\? v]tical1 or held 9 ! usual way ^u ! palm ( ! left h&1 its position dep5d+ ^u :e!r or n ! base is to be slipp$4 ,! surface is cov]$ two or ?ree times ) ! clo? mop1 9 a r haphaz>d mann]1 s t c]ta9 portions :]e ! /rokes ov]lap receive z _m z f\r coats4 ,! pott] h]self is unc]ta9 reg>d+ ! numb] ( coats ! surface has receiv$1 z !y are appli$ "o imm$iately aft] ! o!r1 ) no wait betwe54 ,! mopp+ is /opp$ :5 ! surface seems uni=mly cov]$ ) j ! "r %ade--a r bright r$4 ,san ,ildefonso pott]s usually cov] ) ?is slip ! entire ext]ior ( small ollas & b[ls1 includ+ ! base4#da ,9 "s cases %all[ op5-m\!d b[ls are slipp$ only on ! int]ior4 ,be=e ! slip dries1 ! rubb+ ) ! poli%+-/one is begun4 ,! /one is held betwe5 ! ?umb & fir/ two f+]s ( ! "r h&4 ,! entire surface is gone ov] sev]al times ) a backw>d-=w>d motion 9 /rokes ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es long4#db ,ea* /roke is made ) ! entire =e>m1 !re be+ no noticeable play 9 ei!r ! wri/ or ! f+]s4 ,?is is a r fatigu+ & exact+ process1 = to obta9 ! be/ results all p>ts ( ! surface mu/ receive equal att5tion3 a def9ite sy/em1 h[ev]1 has be5 develop$ by means ( :i* ! entire surface is gone ov]4 ,9 poli%+ ! ext]ior ( a small olla or ( a b[l1 ! vessel is fir/ plac$ ^u ! lap 9 an inv]t$ position1 tilt$ slightly to ! "r4 ,x is held at ! rim by ! left h&1 :i* re/s ^u ! left ?igh4 ,! poli%+ is begun on ! "r-h& side ( ! base ne> ! body1 & proce$s diagonally across ! base to ! f> left-h& side4 ,! vessel is !n tipp$ up ) ! m\? to ! left & ! rim ne>ly v]tical4 ,! poli%+ is begun at ! %\ld] & cont9u$ d[n to )9 a v %ort di/ance ( ! c5tre ( ! base 7pl4 #ba1 b74 ,at ?is /age "s pott]s poli% f ! base to ! %\ld]4 ,z ! "w cont9ues1 ! upp] "p ( ! b[l is turn$ c\nt]clockwise away f ! body4 ,usually ! /roke is p>allel to ! rim1 b occasionally a diagonal motion develops4 ,! /rokes across ! bottom are !n made at "r angles to ! previ\s s]ies4 ,a con/rict$-m\!d b[l is !n turn$ s t ! m\?1 /ill v]tical1 is to ! "r1 & ! section f ! lip to ! %\ld] is poli%$2 ! b[l is n[ turn$ clockwise1 t is1 ! top /ill turns away f ! body4 ,small ollas may be held ei!r 9 ?is position or ) ! m\? tilt$ at an angle ( ab\t =ty-five degrees to ! left & away f ! body1 9 :i* case ! poli%+ is done f ! %\ld] to ! lip 7see pl4 #cj1 b1 :i* %[s a ,zui pott] us+ ! poli%+ /one74 ,aft] ! surface has be5 completely cov]$ 9 ?is mann] once1 & none too c>efully1 ! rim is coat$ ) ! slip1 appli$ by ! =ef+] ( ! "r h&1 & gone ov] ) ! /one4 ,! vessel is !n wip$ ) a clo? ^u ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ba a4 ,apply+ orange-r$ slip ) a clo? mop2 ! beg9n+ ( ! /roke may be se5 j above ! lap ( ! pott]4 b4 ,poli%+ a b[l ) a small /one aft] r$ slip has be5 appli$4 ,! m>ks ( ! /one are visible at fir/1 b quickly disappe> z ! slip dries4 c4 ,wom5 work+ ) ! poli%+ /one4 ,note ! light l9e ab\t ! %\ld] ( ! l>ge olla1 :]e a space is always tempor>ily left unpoli%$4 :i* a little l>d has be5 rubb$4 ,! l>d may be kept ne> ! pott] 9 any conv5i5t receptacle1 l a sauce-di% or ! b[l ( a spoon4 ,a clean clo? is !n imm$iately us$ to di/ribute ! l>d ev5ly ^u ! surface1 & to remove any surplus4 ,"s pott]s d n use ?is second clo? at all2 o!rs apply ! l>d to ! vessels ) _! f+]s1 wip+ x imm$iately aft]w>ds ) a clo?4 ,9 "s cases1 ! application ( ! l>d is )held until ! poli%+ is entirely complet$4 ,! poli%+ is !n cont9u$ 9 exactly ! mann] j describ$4 ,! surface is cov]$ m c>efully & m sl[ly1 ! areas work$ ^u (t5 ov]lapp+ consid]ably4 ,a clo?1 sometimes a "p ( ! pott]'s apron1 is n[ betwe5 ! left h& & ! vessel 9 ord] to protect ! smoo? surface4 ,a consid]able pressure is ex]t$4 ,"s wom5 use a %ort1 v quick /roke2 o!rs a some:at long]1 sl[] /roke1 h5ce tak+ m "t = ! "w4 ,9 ?is way ! surface is cov]$ sev]al times4 ,f9ally ! r\t9e treatm5t is dropp$1 & f9i%+ t\*es are giv5 by poli%+ small areas "h & !re :i* d n %[ ! requir$ am\nt ( lu/re4 ,! /rokes us$ at ! end are usually slightly long] ?an ! previ\s ones4 ,f9ally1 aft] ! /one has be5 laid aside1 ! surface is wip$ once ) a clean clo? be=e ! vessel is set aside2 x is usually plac$ ^u a mat or clo? 9 ord] t ! base may n be scrat*$ by contact ) ! e>!n floor4 ,:5 ! poli%+ ( sev]al vessels has be5 complet$1 !y are ga!r$ 9 a corn] ( a room on a mat or rug1 & cov]$ ) a clo? to keep ! flies & du/ away1 = x is said t fly-specks leave a black m>k ^u ! burn$ vessel4 ,9 ! case ( l>ge ollas "o half ( ! vessel is d\btless coat$ ) slip & poli%$ be=e ! o!r half is slipp$4 ,?is is ! process employ$ 9 poli%+ l>ge ollas slipp$ ) d>k-r$ 7see p4 #fc74 ,no opportunity pres5t$ itself to see a l>ge poli%$ olla be+ made4 ,9 poli%+ ! int]ior ( a %all[ b[l1 ! vessel is held 9 its normal position1 tilt$ slightly to ! "r1 & re/+ ^u ! "r knee & ! palm ( ! left h&1 :i* 9 turn1 re/s ^u ! left knee4 ,! poli%+ is done f ! lip to ! c5tre ( ! vessel4 ,z ! "w advances1 ! b[l is turn$ c\nt]clockwise4 ,! degree ( poli% obta9$ by diff]5t pott]s v>ies consid]ably1 & yet 9 ev5 ! v f9e/ examples ( poli%+ ! m>ks left by ! /one may be fa9tly se5 9 c]ta9 lights 9 ! =m ( exce$+ly l[ ridges1 g5]ally runn+ r\ghly p>allel to ! rim & too l[ to be felt ) ! f+]s4 ,! surface has a lu/re almo/ equal to t ( burni%$ metal4 ,9 pieces :i* are n z well poli%$1 ! ridges are high] & may be felt ) ! f+]s2 inde$ !y are (t5 prom95t en\gh to make ! lu/re unev54 ,m>ia ,m>t9ez1 :o does ! be/ poli%+1 is also ! swifte/ work] 9 ! village4 ,f ! mom5t ! vessel is pick$ up to apply ! slip until ! completion ( ! poli%+1 x is n laid d[n = an in/ant4 ,h] /rokes are quick] ?an ^? ( ! o!r pott]s2 %e cov]s ! surface 9 mu* less "t & !re=e poli%es a giv5 area m (t5 be=e ! slip dries4 ,cont9u$ poli%+ tires ! wri/ & h& v quickly & is apt to produce cramps4 ,o!r pott]s are incl9$ to re/ = a few m9utes f "t to "t1 especially aft] ! application ( ! slip & aga9 aft] ! l>d has be5 put on4 ,"o woman compla9$ ( ! humid wea!r1 because x did n all[ ! slip to dry quickly en\gh4 ,! pott]s !mselves say t /reaky poli% is due to lack ( p]si/5ce on ! "p ( ! poli%]4 ,m>ia attributes h] success to ! fact t %e uses a fa/] /roke & puts on a little m l>d ?an ! o!rs4 ,l>ge vessels usually h a poor] poli% ?an small ones4 ,! secret ( good poli%+ seems to lie 9 ! ability ( ! pott] to g ov] h] "w z _m times z possible aft] ! slip has be5 appli$ & be=e x becomes too dry4 ,! "t dur+ :i* ! vessel be+ poli%$ is actually 9 ! h&s ( ! pott] is giv5 9 ,table ,,vii4 ,! fir/ column 7,a7 repres5ts a con/rict$-m\!d b[l1 ab\t eight in*es 9 diamet] at ! %\ld] & f\r in*es high1 :i* 0 poli%$ by ,m>ia4 ,9 "o h\r & fifte5 m9utes elaps$ "t ?ree su* b[ls 7 done1 an av]age ( tw5ty-five m9utes = ea*4 ,! second column 7,b7 repres5ts ! poli%+ by ano!r pott] ( ! int]ior ( a %all[ wide-m\!d b[l4 ,! actual "t f ! mom5t ! b[l 0 pick$ up = ! application ( ! slip until ! poli%+ 0 done 0 =ty-"o m9utes4 ,a re/ ( "o m9ute 0 tak5 aft] ! slip _h be5 appli$1 ano!r ( ?irte5 m9utes aft] ! application ( ! l>d1 9 ord] to let ! b[l 8dry01 & a ?ird ( "o m9ute :5 ! f9al poli%+ 0 ab\t half done4 ,! int]ior ( ?is b[l 0 a v f9e example ( poli%+4 ,,table ,,vii ,m94 ,sec4 ,m94 ,sec4 ,fir/ application ( ! slip #jj4jj #jj4jj ,fir/ poli%+ begun #jb4ej #jc4jj ,slipp+ ( rim begun #jd4de ,poli%+ ( rim begun #je4cj ,application ( l>d begun #jf4je #aj4jj ,wip+ ) dry clo? begun #jf4dj ,f9al poli%+ begun #jg4je #aa4jj ,poli%+ f9i%$ #bd4je #bf4jj ,,d>k-,,r$ ,,slip ,! d>k-r$ slip is a mixture ( r$ slip1 native :ite slip1 & temp]+ mat]ial4 ,x is appli$ to vessels :i* are lat] to receive a black design 7see pl4 #g1 a1 b74 ,x is mopp$ on ) a clo? 9 exactly ! same mann] z ! r$1 & is also poli%$ ) a /one b nev] acquires z high a lu/re z does ! r$4 ,!re seems to be a t5d5cy = ! fir/ coat ( ?is slip to dry m readily ?an ! fir/ coat ( ! r$ slip4 ,:ile apply+ ! slip to small ollas ab\t six in*es 9 diamet]1 ! vessel is held by ! rim ) ! left h&4 ,ei!r ! entire ext]ior may be slipp$1 or ! base may rema9 uncoat$1 to be cov]$ lat] ) ! orange-r$ slip4 ,! slip is fir/ appli$ to ! rim1 ! =ef+] be+ us$ in/ead ( a mop4 ,dur+ ?is process ! vessel is "r-side up ei!r 9 ! lap or on ! floor4 ,! body is !n slipp$ ) ! clo? mop1 & ! poli%+ done 9 two p>ts1 ) ! %\ld] z ! divid+ l9e4 ,9 poli%+ ! l[] "p ! /rokes beg9 at ! base1 or at ! l[] edge ( ! slip 9 case ! base has n be5 coat$1 & proce$ upw>d to ! %\ld]4 ,! direction ( ! /rokes is practically p>allel to ! rim4 ,! upp] "p is poli%$ f ! %\ld] to ! lip4 ,on ! base1 if x has be5 slipp$1 ! /rokes are fir/ made 9 "o direction1 !n at "r angles to t direction4 ,f "t to "t1 z ! poli%+ proce$s1 ! vessels are set aside 9 ord] to all[ ! slip to dry some:at4 ,!y may ev5 be plac$ 9 ! sun or ne> a fire on ! he>?4 ,! pott]s expla9 t if ! "w is complet$ :ile ! slipp$ surface is v damp1 ! result+ poli% w n be z high z :5 ! slip is j dry+4 ,app>5tly1 ! "w done j be=e ! surface becomes dry plays an important "p 9 secur+ a high lu/re4 ,"o ( ! pott]s work+ on ?is w>e appli$ a little l>d to ! surface aft] ! poli%+ _h be5 complet$4 ,ano!r pott] us$ no l>d :atev] = ?is class ( w>e4#dc ,:5 ! poli%+ has be5 complet$ ! vessel is plac$ 9 ! sun or ne> a fire to dry ?or\ghly be=e x is put away to await decoration4 ,:ile ! olla is dry+ x is cov]$ ) a clo? to protect x f flies4 ,9 poli%+ l>g] ollas "o half ( ! vessel is coat$ ) ! d>k-r$ slip & poli%$ be=e ! o!r half is slipp$4 ,ei!r ! half above ! %\ld] or ! half bel[ ! %\ld] may be poli%$ fir/4 ,r quick /rokes1 ?ree or f\r in*es long1 are made ) ! /one4 ,suffici5t pressure is ex]t$ to cause motion 9 ! entire body ( ! work]4 ,! /rokes1 z be=e1 are usually p>allel to ! rim4 ,because ( ! l>g] surface to be cov]$ 9 ^! vessels1 ! position ( ! olla on ! lap ( ! pott] is *ang$ frequ5tly4 ,x is support$ ) ! left h&1 :i* is plac$ palm d[n ^u ! ext]ior surface4 ,:ile ! lip is be+ poli%$1 ! m\? is turn$ t[>d ! body & to ! "r1 mak+ an angle ( ab\t sixty degrees f ! horizontal4 ,9 poli%+ ! upp] "p ( ! %\ld] ! pott] turns ! m\? to ! left & away f ! body 7pl4 #ba1 c74 ,usually ! m\? is m ne>ly horizontal 9 ?is position ?an 9 ! =m]4 ,be=e apply+ ! slip to ! l[] half ( ! olla1 a fa9t l9e is drawn ) ! poli%+-/one ar\nd ! l[] "p ( ! body to def9e ! l[] edge ( ! body-slip4 ,dur+ ! slipp+ & poli%+ ( ?is portion ( ! surface1 ! olla is held ) ! m\? ne>ly v]tical & to ! left1 direct$ away f ! body4 ,:5 ! poli%+ prop] is complet$1 ! f9i%+ t\*es are giv5 to ! entire ext]ior by rubb+ small areas "h & !re :i* d n entirely satisfy ! pott]4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! r$ slip1 ! poli%+ mu/ be complet$ be=e ! slip becomes too dry4 ,:5 !re is a l>ge surface to be poli%$1 z 9 ! case ( ^! ollas1 x is ( c\rse necess>y t ! "w ^u any giv5 section ( ! surface be complet$ z quickly z possible4 ,!re=e :5 two pott]s are work+ toge!r1 ! swift] ( ! two does ! poli%+ on ! l>g] vessel1 reg>dless ( :i* ( ! two applies ! slip4 ,aft] ! poli%+ prop] has be5 complet$1 ! olla may be turn$ ov] to ! sl[] work] = ! f9i%+ t\*es4 ,?is necessity = spe$ 9 poli%+ is probably ! reason = slipp+ only a "p ( ! surface at "o "t4 ,n[ & !n1 z ! poli%+ proce$s1 ! pott] *anges /ones4 ,an important factor 9 ?is *ange is ! desire to re/ ! f+]s ?r\gh ! slight alt]ation 9 grip af=d$ by ! diff]5t %apes ( ! /ones4 ,occasionally ! *ange is due to a wi% to obta9 a /one ) j ! prop] %ap$ surface = ! section ( ! olla be+ work$ ^u4 ,!re is also a t5d5cy to use a l>g]1 r\gh] /one at ! beg9n+ ( ! "w1 = :i* is sub/itut$ lat] = ! f9al f9i% a small]1 f9]-gra9$1 & !re=e smoo!r1 /one4 ,because ( ! practice ( slipp+ & poli%+ only half ! surface at a "t1 !re develops ar\nd ! %\ld] a n>r[ l9e ( dri$ slip1 :i* is naturally light] 9 color ?an ! work$ areas4 7,?is l9e may be se5 encircl+ ! olla 9 pl4 #ba1 c74 ,aft] ! poli%+ ( ! upp] & l[] areas has be5 complet$1 ! pott]'s att5tion turns to ?is l9e1 & s9ce dry slip _c be poli%$1 ! rubb+ /one is ei!r wet ) ! tongue or dipp$ into ! liquid 9 ! slip-conta9] be=e be+ us$ on ! l9e4 ,! latt] me?od appe>s to give ! be/ results1 b 9 ei!r case1 ! moi/5+ ( ! /one is done v frequ5tly1 & ! process ( elim9at+ ! light] l9e is a pa9fully sl[ "o4 ,ev5 :5 ! be/ results h be5 obta9$1 ! l9e is n entirely oblit]at$4 ,occasionally ! /one is moi/5$ ) ! tongue :ile giv+ f9al t\*es to o!r p>ts ( ! surface4 ,:5 ! poli%+ ) ! /one has be5 entirely complet$1 a little l>d is rubb$ on ! surface ei!r ) ! =ef+] or ) a greasy clo?2 ! surface is !n vigor\sly rubb$ ) a *amois4#dd ,?is di/ributes ! l>d ev5ly & v noticeably improves ! lu/re4 ,!n ! vessel1 aft] be+ cov]$ ) a clo?1 is put 9 ! sun to dry ?or\ghly4 ,! great diff]5ce 9 ! "t requir$ = poli%+ l>ge & small ollas requires two tables to pres5t ! details4 ,table ,,viii gives ! "t dur+ :i* a l>ge olla1 ab\t f\rte5 in*es 9 diamet] at ! %\ld]1 0 "u ! h&s ( ! pott]s4 ,! "t devot$ to oblit]at+ ! light junction-l9e1 ab\t fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes1 0 consid]ably long] ?an usual4 ,table ,,ix gives ! "t requir$ = ?ree small globul> ollas1 ab\t six in*es 9 diamet] at ! %\ld]4 ,! surface ( ea* ( ^! 0 approximately ! same z t ( ! poli%$ black con/rict$-m\!d b[l record$ 9 ,table ,,vii4 ,,table ,,viii ,hrs4 ,m94 ,sec4 #jj4jj -- ,draw+ ( l9e ab\t l[] "p ( body begun #ja4jj -- ,slipp+ ( l[] half ( olla begun #jh4cj -- ,slipp+ f9i%$1 poli%+ begun #bc4cj -- ,vessel transf]r$ to a sl[] work] #dj4jj -- ,set aside #jd4de -- ,"t out #dj4jj -- ,poli%+ by sl[] work] cont9u$ #dg4de -- ,fir/ application ( l>d begun #dh4de -- ,poli%+ ) *amois begun #ej4de -- ,l[] "p f9i%$ 8 -- ,"t out #ej4de -- ,slipp+ ( upp] half begun #ee4ae -- ,slipp+ ( body done1 slipp+ ( rim begun #ef4de -- ,poli%+ begun #a4jj4de -- ,vessel transf]r$ to ! swift] work] #a4bj4de -- ,vessel transf]r$ to ! sl[] work]1 oblit]ation ( junction-l9e #a4ec4de -- ,fir/ application ( l>d begun #a4ee4de -- ,poli%+ ) *amois begun #a4ei4de -- ,poli%+ ( vessel complet$ ,,table ,,ix ,m94 ,sec4 ,slipp+ begun #jj4jj #jj4jj #jj4jj ,slipp+ complet$ #jc4jj ,"t out #ja4jj omitt$ ,poli%+ begun #jc4jj #jd4jj #jd4jj ,set aside 7second "o beside fire7 #bg4cj #ca4cj ,"t out #jc4jj #cd4cj omitt$ ,poli%+ cont9u$ #bg4cj omitt$ ,l>d fir/ appli$1 *amois us$ lat] #cj4cj #ca4cj #cb4jj ,"w on vessel complet$ #ca4de #cc4jj #cf4jj ,,pa9t+ ,?ree v>ieties ( pa9t are employ$ 9 mak+ ! designs--! black1 or guaco1 :i* is us$ on r$ & poly*rome w>es1 ! orange-r$ 7also us$ z a slip71 :i* s]ves z a pa9t 9 fill+ c]ta9 spaces 9 ! designs ^u poly*rome w>e1 & ! black w>e pa9t :i* produces ! designs ^u poli%$ black w>e4#de ,! consi/5cy ( ! guaco1 :5 dissolv$ 9 wat] & ready = use1 v>ies f t ( wat] to t ( ?ick cream4 ,! solution is /icky & has a *>act]i/ic odor4 ,a ?9 solution :5 appli$ to ! surface ( a vessel is yell[i%-gre51 & has mu* ! same appe>ance z a fre% coat ( ! orange-r$ pa9t4 ,aft] dry+ ! two are easily di/+ui%able4 ,a ?ick solution ( guaco is d>k br[ni%-gre5 :5 appli$ to ! vessel1 & on dry+ has a noticeable 8body01 s t ! l9es appe> slightly rais$ & glossy4 ,x is n possible to draw z f9e a l9e ) ! ?ick solution z ) ! ?9 "o4 ,! orange-r$ is nev] us$ 9 pa9t+ l9es1 b only = fill+ areas1 & is !re=e always appli$ ) a m$ium or heavy bru%4 ,9 prep>+ ! black w>e pa9t1 a slight am\nt ( guaco is add$ z an adhesive1 & ! solution is (t5 /irr$ ) ! f+]s 9 ord] to insure complete dissolv+ ( ! color+ matt]4 ,:5 fir/ appli$ to ! vessel1 ?is pa9t is almo/ transp>5t2 z x dries x becomes yell[i%4 ,! pr9cipal precaution tak5 :5 pa9t+ is begun is to gu>d aga9/ flies4 ,!y eat ! moi/ guaco1 caus+ blank spaces 9 ! l9es1 & also make fly-specks on ! slip :i* turn black 9 ! fir+4 ,! room is !re=e cle>$ ( flies z f> z possible1 & great c>e !n ex]cis$ to keep ! door %ut4 ,! pa9t] wat*es ! pot con/antly1 & (t5 int]rupts h] "w 9 ord] to bru% a fly f ! design4 ,if x is necess>y to d ! pa9t+ out ( doors1 ! s]vices ( an assi/ant are requir$ to wave a clo? back & =? across ! top ( ! vessel to keep ! flies away4#df ,:5 ! "w has be5 complet$ ! vessels are imm$iately cov]$ ) a clo?4 ,! receptacle = pa9t may be ei!r a small op5-m\!d pott]y b[l or a *9a sauce-di%4 ,dur+ ! pa9t+ x is on ! "r side ( ! pott] )9 easy rea*1 ei!r on ! floor or on a l[ /ool4 ,9 x is always a /irr+-/ick4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bb ,pa9t+ designs on small vessels4 ,! decorator's "r h& does n come 9 contact ) ! pot1 & ! tip ( ! bru% is trail$ r ?an /rok$ across ! surface4 a4 ,m>ia ,m>t9ez4 b4 ,maximiliana ,m>t9ez4 ,! bru%es are usually kept 9 ! pa9t1 or occasionally beside x1 & sometimes a p5cil is also ne> at h& 7pl4 #bc1 a74 ,9 decorat+ ! ext]ior ( a con/rict$-m\!d b[l1 ! vessel is held upright & incl9$ v slightly t[>ds ! body2 x re/s on ! left knee & is /eadi$ by ! pressure ( ! left h& aga9/ ! int]ior ( ! rim 7pl4 #bb1 a74 ,! pott] sits 9 a position :i* all[s ! light to come ov] h] "r %\ld] directly ^u ! section ( ! b[l be+ pa9t$4 ,z ! "w proce$s ! vessel is turn$ c\nt]clockwise4 ,:5 ! design ext5ds slightly bel[ ! %\ld]1 ! b[l is incl9$ to ! left & away f ! body4 ,if a consid]able portion ( ! design is bel[ ! %\ld]1 ! vessel is inv]t$ & is support$ by ! f+]s ( ! left h& aga9/ ! int]ior base ( ! b[l4 ,if ! int]ior ( an op5-m\!d b[l is be+ pa9t$1 ! enclos+ l9es ne> ! rim are made fir/4 ,dur+ ?is process ! b[l is held ) ! m\? v]tical & to ! "r1 :ile ! l9es are drawn on ! l[] "p ( ! int]ior rim4 ,! vessel moves c\nt]clockwise4 ,! bottom ( ! int]ior is pa9t$ ) ! b[l /&+ 9 its normal position on ! left knee1 ! m\? incl9$ to ! "r & t[>d ! body4 ,:5 a l>ge vessel1 su* z an olla1 is to be pa9t$1 x is plac$ ^u a box or table ( ! prop] height1 :i* has previ\sly be5 cov]$ ) a rug or mat to protect ! base 7pl4 #bc74 ,! pa9t] *ooses h] position s t ! light w fall ov] h] %\ld] ^u ! vessel4 ,dur+ ! pa9t+ ( ! upp] "p ( ! vessel x is t\*$ ) ! left h& only :5 x ne$s to be turn$4 ,9 work+ bel[ ! %\ld] ! vessel is tilt$ slightly to ! left1 & away f ! pa9t]4 ,! pa9t-bru%es are made ( sliv]s ( yucca 7fig4 #e74 ,!y may be r\ghly gr\p$ into ?ree weights--f9e1 m$ium1 & heavy4#dg ,! f9e ones are us$ 9 mak+ outl9es on ! small] vessels2 ! m$ium ones ei!r = l9e "w or = ! fill+ ( small areas2 & ! heavy ones = fill+ only4 ,dur+ ! pa9t+ !re are f ?ree to six bru%es 9 ! pa9t vessel4 ,^! bru%es are ( su* durability t ! pott]s h no def9ite idea ( ! l5g? ( _! usefulness4 ,s9ce ! fibres are brittle :5 dry1 bru%es are occasionally brok5 by accid5t2 to prev5t su* breakage !y are soak$ 9 wat] = a few m9utes to s(t5 !m be=e !y are us$4 ,! bru% is held 9 ! "r h&1 ) ! f+]s 9 ! position us$ 9 hold+ a p5cil or p54 ,! ends ( ! f+]s are two or ?ree in*es f ! tip ( ! bru% 7pl4 #bb1 a1 b42 pl4 #bc1 a74 ,! f+]s ( ! "r h& d n re/ ^u ! surface ( ! vessel & ! entire "r arm is unsupport$ 7pl4 #bc71 al?\gh at times ! elb[ may be unconsci\sly /eadi$ aga9/ ! body4 ,! /raightness & ev5ness ( ! l9es drawn "u ^! conditions are rem>kable4 ,!re is a slight p]sonal v>iation 9 ! me?od ( contact ( ! bru% ) ! vessel4 ,"o pott] uses only ! tip ( ! bru%2 ano!r fir/ places ! tip ^u ! surface1 & !n makes ! l9e ) ! body ( ! bru%2 a ?ird places ! body ( ! bru% ^u ! vessel at ! fir/ contact4 ,9 mak+ a l9e a trail+ /roke is inv>iably us$2 its direction is usually t[>d ! body1 b occasionally away f x4 ,! bru% is always mov$ sl[ly1 & ! angle at :i* x is held v>ies accord+ to ! "p ( ! surface ov] :i* ! l9e is be+ drawn1 & ^u ! "p ( ! /roke :i* is be+ made4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( a /roke ! angle is an acute "o1 v>y+ f =ty-five to sev5ty degrees 7fig4 #h1 a72 ab\t ! middle x approximates n9ety degrees 7fig4 #h1 b72 :ile at ! end x is (t5 an obtuse angle ( z mu* z "o hundr$ & tw5ty degrees 7fig4 #h1 c74 ,on small vessels ! /rokes seldom exce$ f\r in*es 9 l5g?2 on l>g] pots !y are sometimes z mu* z six in*es long4 ,aft] ea* /roke ! bru% is dipp$ into ! pa9t vessel2 x is !n always drawn across ! /irr+ /ick1 :i* is kept ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,angles at :i* pa9t-bru% is held dur+ a long /roke2 a4 ,beg9n+4 b4 ,middle ( /roke4 c4 ,end4 !re1 9 ord] to remove excess pa9t be=e be+ appli$ aga9 to ! surface4 ,ev5 aft] ?is precaution m pa9t occasionally rema9s on ! bru% ?an is ne$$2 9 su* a case ! excess is remov$ by t\*+ ) ! tip ( ! bru% v>i\s l>g] areas :i* w lat] be cov]$ ) pa9t4 ,! wid? ( ! l9es drawn is l>gely dep5d5t ^u p]sonal v>iation1 al?\gh ! type ( design also gov]ns _! wid? to "s ext5t4 ,exce$+ly f9e l9es1 = example1 w\ld obvi\sly look out ( proportion 9 a bold design ^u a l>ge olla4 ,! l9es v>y 9 wid? f "o-?irtie? to "o-t5? ( an in*2 ! great majority are betwe5 "o-fifte5? & "o-tw5tie?4 ,l9es "o-eigh? or "o-qu>t] ( an in* wide are 9 reality d\ble1 t is1 !y actually consi/ ( two l9es pa9t$ s close toge!r t !y t\* along _! entire l5g?4 ,/ill wid] l9es are made by two p>allel l9es1 ) ! space betwe5 fill$ up4 ,"s pott]s simply make ! l9e once1 ret\*+ x only 9 small sections :i* mo/ pla9ly require su* treatm5t4 ,o!rs g ov] ea* l9e at lea/ twice 9 ord] to insure a con/ant wid?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bc ,decorat+ l>ge ollas4 ,note ! unsupport$ arm ( ! pa9t] & ! l5g? ( ! bru%4 ,on ! b5* 9 front is ! pa9t-cup ) /irr+-/ick & extra bru%es 7,antonita ,roybal74 ,f ! po9t ( view ( te*nique1 ! l9es ^u ! ext]iors ( small vessels1 su* z con/rict$-m\!d b[ls1 may be divid$ into two gr\ps--! long enclos+ l9es & ^? )9 panels4 ,9 =m+ ! enclos+ l9es1 especially ! long horizontal ones1 ! vessel is turn$ :ile ! bru% rema9s almo/ /ation>y4 ,!re are two me?ods ( =m+ su* long horizontal l9es1 :i* ( necessity are made ( a s]ies ( relatively %ort /rokes4 ,9 "o case ! gr[? ( ! l9e is 9 ! same direction z ! /rokes1 t is1 ea* /roke beg9s at ! po9t at :i* ! previ\s /roke end$4 ,9 ?is me?od ! vessel is turn$ c\nt]clockwise4 ,9 ! o!r case ! gr[? ( ! l9e is opposite to ! direction ( ! /roke1 t is1 ea* /roke is begun a %ort di/ance beyond ! end ( ! l9e & is drawn to meet ! beg9n+ ( ! previ\s /roke1 ! vessel be+ turn$ clockwise4 ,9 ei!r case ! f+]s ( ! left h&1 :i* hold ! pot by ! int]ior ( ! lip1 are spread f> ap>t 9 ord] to insure ! con/ant & regul> motion ( ! vessel4 ,:5 ! l9es )9 a panel are be+ drawn1 ! proc$ure is j ! rev]se4 ,! b[l rema9s /ation>y :ile ! bru% is drawn across x4 ,occasionally l9es :i* are ne>ly horizontal are drawn fir/ 9 "o direction1 !n 9 ! o!r4 ,9 "s cases1 :5 long diagonal or curv$ l9es are be+ made1 ! vessel is turn$ v slightly c\nt]clockwise4 ,l>ge vessels1 su* z ollas1 rema9 /ation>y :ile ! bru% is be+ drawn across ! surface1 & are turn$ only :5 a new area is to be work$ ^u4 ,l9es )9 panels are usually made ) a s+le /roke ( ! bru%1 = x is seldom t a diagonal or curv$ l9e )9 a panel is m ?an f\r or five in*es long4 ,9 l>ge op5 designs ! long l9es1 bo? /raight & curv$1 are (t5 drawn 9 two p>ts4 ,cros%at*+ is made by two sets ( p>allel l9es cross+ ea* o!r4 ,dott+ is done ) ! tip ( ! bru% t\*$ lightly to ! surface4 ,spaces are fill$ ) a heavi] bru% by means ( _m %ort /rokes4 ,z a rule ! /rokes beg9 at ! upp] "r h& corn] ( ! area & proce$ d[nw>d4 ,9 fill+ spaces1 z 9 draw+ l9es1 "s wom5 g ov] _! "w only once1 o!rs apply two or ?ree coats 9 ord] to insure ev5 di/ribution ( ! pa9t4 ,"s pott]s exhibit mu* sur5ess ( t\* & confid5ce 9 _! own ability2 _! designs are execut$ )\t hesitation1 b at ! same "t sl[ly4 ,o!rs make h>d "w ( ! pa9t+1 seem unc]ta91 & occasionally /op to re/ & inspect ! symmetry ( ! patt]n4 ,!re are two g5]al po9ts 9 ! pa9t+ ( vessels :i* %\ld be emphasiz$4 ,! fir/ is ! rem>kable /ead9ess ( ! pa9t]'s h&4 ,x seems almo/ incr$ible t su* /raight1 unwav+1 ev5 l9es c be drawn by a h& :i* is support$ only by a completely free arm1 & guid$ m]ely by ! end ( ! bru%4 ,! second is ! fact t ! m5 (t5 assi/ 9 ! pa9t+ ( designs4 ,!y may ei!r execute a complete design ^u a vessel1 or relieve ! pa9t] f "t to "t dur+ ! con/ruction ( l>ge patt]ns4 ,?is is ! only phase ( ! actual manufacture ( pott]y 9 :i* ! m5 ( ! village take "p4#dh ,,fir+ ,! fir+ ( ! vessels is n only ! la/ major /ep 9 ! mak+ ( pott]y1 b x is also ! mo/ critical "o4 ,! supreme te/ ( ! pott]'s "w is to subject x to ! fire1 = _m =ms ( accid5t occur dur+ ! process1 "s ( !m due to c>eless h&l+ ( ! vessels or ( ! fir+ mat]ials1 o!rs to defective workman%ip or to hidd5 flaws 9 ! pa/e4 ,x is only natural t ! pott]s %\ld exhibit consid]able excitem5t & n]v\sness dur+ ! fir+4 ,"s wom5 proce$ calmly & me?odically1 & take occasional accid5ts z "p ( ! day's "w2 o!rs are exce$+ly n]v\s1 & %[ exasp]ation :5 ?+s g wrong4 ,! latt]1 z a rule1 h m accid5ts ?an ! =m]4 ,"o pott]1 9 six burn+s1 lo/ two l>ge ollas ?r\gh breakage1 & _h innum]able smoke-cl\ds1 sev]al ( !m r sev]e ones4 ,! fir+ falls naturally into f\r di/9ct phases3 ! prep>ation1 ! build+ ( ! ov51 ! burn+1 & ! treatm5t aft] burn+4 ,ea* ( ^! phases w be consid]$ sep>ately4 ,,prep>ation ,! ov5 is usually situat$ beh9d ! pott]'s h\se4 ,all t is requir$ is a level space free f vegetation2 no att5tion is paid1 z a rule1 to ! position ( ! sun or to ! direction ( ! prevail+ w9d1 & ! same spot is us$ "t aft] "t4 ,if on ! ev5+ be=e ! fir+ !re are any signs ( ra91 or if a heavy dew is expect$1 ! area on :i* ! ov5 is to be built 9 ! morn+ is cov]$ ) a ?ick lay] ( dead a%es to protect x f moi/ure4 ,x w\ld be a fatal mi/ake to make ! ov5 on gr\nd :i* w\ld give (f /eam dur+ ! burn+4 ,ab\t six o'clock ! next morn+ a fire is />t$ on ! area ov] :i* ! ov5 is to be built4 ,:ile ?is prelim9>y fire is ?or\ghly dry+ ! gr\nd1 ! accessories are collect$ 7pl4 #bd1 a74 ,slabs ( dung are br\ght out f ! /orage places2 "s ( !m are plac$ aga9/ ! h\se wall to dry 9 ! sun1 o!rs rema9 9 ! wa%tubs 9 :i* !y h be5 c>ri$4 ,! mat]ial = ! grate1 & o!r iron b>s1 are plac$ ne>by4 ,pok]s ( wood & iron1 %ovels1 & sometimes pit*=ks1 :i* are to be us$ lat] 9 h&l+ ! burn+ fuel & hot vessels1 are plac$ )9 rea*4 ,:5 a collection ( small t9 cans1 pail-tops1 & small /ones sav$ = ?is purpose has be5 add$1 ! work]s are ready to beg9 ! burn+4 ,usually a supply ( c$> k9dl+ has be5 split1 b sometimes ?is is done z ! wood is ne$$4 ,,build+ ,,! ,,ov5 ,:5 ! prelim9>y fire has di$ d[n to a mass ( coals1 ^! are levell$ to =m an area ( hot a%es ab\t ?ree feet 9 diamet]4 ,on ?is ! ov5 is built4 ,! surface ^u :i* ! vessels are plac$ mu/ be rais$ a few in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bd a4 ,dry+ ! ov5 site ) a prelim9>y fire be=e burn+ ! pott]y4 ,at ! l[] "r-h& corn] are an old iron grate :i* w lat] support ! vessels1 two iron rods to hold up ! ro( ( ! ov51 & a wood5 pok]4 ,cakes ( dung = ! ov5 walls are dry+ 9 ! sun aga9/ ! h\se4 b4 ,! vessels on ! grate1 & ! ov5 wall ( dung cakes begun4 ,small t9 cans support ! cakes & keep !m f t\*+ ! vessels4 ,! grate re/s on /ones1 & split c$> k9dl+ is plac$ bel[ x on ! emb]s ( ! prelim9>y fire4 above ! gr\nd to p]mit ! introduction ( fuel bel[ ! pott]y4 ,su* a surface is usually =m$ ( iron rods ( "o k9d or ano!r4 ,"o pott] built up a grate ( a v>i$ assortm5t ( iron junk support$ on t9 cans & odd-%ap$ iron fragm5ts4 ,ano!r pott] us$ a worn-out /ove-grate support$ on f\r half-bricks4 ,! vessels are !n plac$ ^u ! grate 9 an inv]t$ position4 ,no attempt is made to keep !m f t\*+ "o ano!r4 ,9 fact1 !y are cr[d$ toge!r 9 ord] t ! greate/ possible numb] may be burn$ at once 7pl4 #bd1 b74 ,9 fir+ r$ w>e & poly*rome w>e only "o lay] ( vessels is plac$ ^u ! grate4 ,:5 poli%$ black w>e is to be burn$1 two lay]s may be made4 ,! vessels 9 ! second lay] are always plac$ c>efully betwe5 ^? ( ! bottom lay]1 9 ord] t !re may be free circulation ( air on bo? ! int]ior & ext]ior ( all ! vessels 7pl4 #be1 a74 ,z a rule ! l>g] b[ls are plac$ 9 ! l[] lay]4 ,! numb] ( poly*rome vessels burn$ at "o "t v>ies f half-a-doz5 to tw5ty1 accord+ to ! area ( ! grate & ! size ( ! vessels4 ,at "o burn+ !re 7 elev5 pieces1 eight m$ium-siz$ & ?ree small2 9 ano!r !re 7 tw5ty1 eight ( :i* 7 m$ium-siz$1 & ! o!r twelve v small4 ,x is possible to burn z _m z ?irty-five poli%$ black b[ls at once4 ,"s pott]s burn bo? poly*rome & r$ pott]y 9 ! same ov52 o!rs insi/ t ?is %\ld n be done1 because r$ w>e requires f> less "t & heat ?an does poly*rome4 ,aft] ! pots h be5 plac$ on ! grate1 pieces ( split c$> six to fifte5 in*es long are ins]t$ und]nea? x4 ,pion is nev] us$1 b ! pott]s c\ld n expla9 ?is1 say+ !y _h nev] tri$ x4 ,a wall-l r+ ( dung-cakes1 plac$ on edge b n set z snugly toge!r z !y might be1 is !n built ar\nd ! grate 7pl4 #be1 b74 ,small t9 cans1 held 9 place by ! weight ( ! dung1 are us$ to prev5t ! cakes f t\*+ ! vessels 7pi4 #bd1 b1 %[s "o ( ^! cans v cle>ly74 ,sometimes small /ones & brok5 bricks are us$ 9 place ( cans4 ,:ile ! r+ is be+ complet$ m k9dl+ may be add$4 ,! ,zui ov5 diff]s f t ( ,san ,ildefonso 9 be+ built ( small] pieces ( manure :i* are laid up horizontally in/ead ( on edge 7see pl4 #ca1 b1 c74 ,! fire may n[ be light$ be=e ! ov5 is f9i%$1 b sometimes ! pott]s wait until ! ro( is ne>ly complete4 ,c$>-b>k %r$s are g5]ally us$ to />t ! fire4 ,! light+ is done ?r\gh ! spaces betwe5 ! dung-cakes1 usually at m ?an "o place1 sometimes 9 z _m z five4 ,no att5tion is paid to ! w9d 9 ?is process4 ,if ! fire does n />t quickly en\gh1 clo?s are us$ to fan ! flames4 ,! ro( or vault ( ! ov5 is !n built4 ,"s pott]s place iron b>s across ! top ( ! dung-r+1 keep+ !m f t\*+ ! vessels by ins]t+ t9 cans & /ones4 ,on ^! b>s flat cakes ( dung are laid1 & ! l>g] holes are cov]$ ) small] pieces ( dung4 ,o!r pott]s disp5se ) ! b>s & re/ a l>ge circul> cake ( dung ^u cans & /ones set 9 ! c5tre ( ! pile ( pott]y4 ,! space betwe5 ?is c5tral cake & ! top ( ! dung-r+ is bridg$ by o!r cakes :i* re/ on ! dung alone4 ,9 ?is mann] a l[ vault ( dung-slabs is =m$1 r\ghly squ>e 9 %ape1 two & a half to ?ree feet on a side1 & ab\t a foot & a half high 7pl4 #be1 c74 ,!re are /ill left num]\s spaces1 bo? l>ge & small1 betwe5 ! cakes4 ,^! are cov]$ ) small] pieces ( dung1 & ) old t9 tops ( l>d-pails or disc>d$ t9 plates 7pl4 #bf1 a74 ,ev5 aft] ?is1 h[ev]1 !re rema9 en\gh small spaces to all[ free circulation ( air1 & to prev5t ! smo!r+ & consequ5t smok+ ( ! vessels4 ,?r\gh ^! small] spaces ! flames & pots may be se54 ,! build+ ( ! ov5 is n[ complete2 by ?is "t ! fire has usually be5 />t$1 & ! flames are well "u way4 ,z a rule m ?an "o burn+ is und]tak5 dur+ a morn+4 ,! build+ ( ! ov5 = ! second burn+ diff]s slightly 9 its prelim9>y /ages f t describ$ above4 ,aft] ! previ\s ov5 has be5 de/roy$1 ! a%es are smoo!d out1 & ! grate set /raight & c>efully du/$ s t no a%es rema9 7pl4 #bf1 b74 ,! b[ls are ?an plac$ on x z be=e4 ,p>tly burn$ cakes ( dung1 :i* rema9 f ! fir/ burn+1 are re-us$4 ,if1 9 plac+ !m on ! ov51 a%es drop on ! vessels1 c>e is tak5 to bl[ !m (f4 ,"s pott]s /& ! vessels :i* are to be burn$ on ! w>m cakes ( dung = a few m9utes be=e plac+ !m on ! grate 7pl4 #bf1 b71 a process :i* is suppos$ to heat !m slightly & ?us prev5t breakage dur+ fir+4 ,o!r pott]s w\ld n ?9k ( do+ ?is1 = vessels treat$ 9 ?is mann] always h discolor$ bases1 :]e ! w>m dung has t\*$ !m4 ,ollas twelve to f\rte5 in*es 9 diamet] are burn$ 9 pairs1 ) a few small] pieces beside !m4 ,! ov5 is built 9 ! same mann] z be=e4 ,v l>ge ollas are usually fir$ "o at a "t2 ! ov51 except = its great] size1 is said to be ( ! usual type4 ,,burn+ ,z 0 said above1 ! fir+ ( ! pott]y is done 9 ! morn+4 ,! ,indians say t !y wi% to get x ov] ) 8be=e ! sun gr[s hot04 ,_! own p]sonal com=t probably plays a m important "p 9 ?is ?an does ! effect ( ! sun ^u ! pott]y4 ,z a rule ! fir+ is )held until a suffici5t numb] ( f9i%$ vessels h accumulat$ to p]mit ?ree or f\r burn+s 9 "o morn+4 ,! entire =5oon is sp5t at ?is "w1 & sometimes x drags ov] until e>ly aft]noon4 ,! actual burn+ ( ! vessels occupies a p]iod ( ab\t half-an-h\r = ea* ov52 x is said t ! l5g? ( "t has n be5 appreciably %ort5$ 9 ! pa/ =ty or fifty ye>s4 ,! black w>e is always sav$ = ! la/ ov51 s9ce ! process employ$ completely precludes ! possibility ( rebuild+ ! ov5 at once4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! burn+ :ite smoke is apt to be giv5 (f1 b too mu* smoke is reg>d$ z a bad sign1 s9ce x signifies t ! dung cakes are n suffici5tly dri$4 ,aft] fifte5 m9utes or s1 t is :5 ! process is ab\t half f9i%$1 ! am\nt ( smoke has greatly dim9i%$ 7pl4 #bf1 a74 ,ab\t ?is "t m k9dl+ is add$ ?r\gh op5+s made by tempor>ily remov+ a piece ( t91 & new cakes ( dung are add$ :]e necess>y1 usually on ! top ( ! ov54 ,! ,indians say t !y judge ( ! condition ( ! pott]y 9 ! ov5 by its color2 ! pa/e & slip mu/ be ( j ! prop] %ade be=e ! vessels are ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #be ,! build+ ( an ov54 a4 ,a d\ble lay] ( b[ls is on ! grate2 ! woman is plac+ a c betwe5 a dung-slab & a b[l4 b4 ,! wall ( dung-cakes complet$4 c4 ,! ov5 f9i%$1 b ! *9ks n yet fill$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bf a4 ,! ov5 fir$4 ,! *9ks betwe5 ! dung-slabs h be5 p>tly clos$ by small] pieces ( dung4 b4 ,a fir+ complet$ & a grate prep>$ = a second fir+4 ,two vessels to be burn$ are w>m+ on hot dung-slabs2 ! pots t h j be5 tak5 f ! fire are cool+ 9 ! %ad[ ( ! h\se4 ?or\ghly burn$2 if !y are too d>k ! burn+ mu/ cont9ue4#di ,"s pott]s seem to pay little or no att5tion to ! color ( ! vessels 9 ! ov54 ,:5 ! pott] consid]s t ! burn+ has be5 complet$1 ! cakes ( dung on ! top ( ! ov5 are lift$ (f ) a pair ( pok]s1 & ^? 9 ! r+ ar\nd ! grate are tipp$ outw>d4 ,?us ! vessels on ! grate are expos$1 & _! removal is begun at once4 ,"s are tipp$ on %ovels or hay =ks2 pok]s are ins]t$ "u & into o!rs4 ,!y are !n deposit$ ^u t9s :i* h be5 plac$ on ! gr\nd )9 six or eight feet ( ! ov51 & are left !re f t5 to tw5ty m9utes to cool4 ,! wom5 (t5 compla9 ab\t ! heat f ! ov5 dur+ ! removal ( ! vessels4 ,z soon z ! grate has be5 cle>$1 prep>ations are begun = ! next burn+ 7pl4 #bf1 b74 ,9 "o in/ance a pott] decid$ t a c]ta9 vessel :i* _h be5 remov$ f ! grate 0 n suffici5tly burn$4 ,ano!r fire 0 already 9 progress1 b :5 ! ?ird 0 built ! vessel 0 replac$ on ! grate & burn$ aga94 ,:5 x came out1 h[ev]1 "o side 0 badly ov]fir$4 ,! "t occupi$ by v>i\s burn+s is giv5 9 ! foll[+ table4 ,! fir/ f\r columns repres5t burn+s by ,m>ia ,m>t9ez2 ! la/ ?ree by ,antonita ,roybal4 ,! sev5? column records ! ov5 9 :i* ! p>tly fir$ piece 0 reburn$1 & 9 :i* a cook+ vessel 0 also plac$4 ,,table ,x 7#a7 7#b7 7#c7 7#d7 7#e7 7#f7 7#g7 ,m9utes ,prep>ation & build+ ( ov5 begun #jj #jj #jj #jj #jj #jj #jj ,fire />t$ #be #ae #jf #ab #ae #ae #ji ,m k9dl+ & dung add$ #de #be #be #eg ,ov5 brok5 up #eb #cg #cf #da #gb #dj #bg ,la/ b[l remov$ f grate #eh #da #db #dg #gg #de #cj ,! "t requir$ = burn+ ! diff]5t w>es v>ies only slightly4 ,"s pott]s say t r$ w>e takes less fuel1 less heat1 & less "t ?an poly*rome w>e2 o!rs place bo? w>es 9 ! same ov54 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! "t requir$ = ^! two w>es is probably no great] ?an ! *ance v>iations 9 ! l5g? ( burn+ z giv5 9 ,table ,x4 ,cook+ vessels ne$ to be fir$ only f "o-half to two-?irds z long z ! two w>es j m5tion$ 7cf4 ,table ,x1 column #g74 ,! poli%$ black w>e w be consid]$ lat]4 ,! *anges 9 color be=e & aft] fir+1 & :5 hot & cool1 are v noticeable 9 "s pigm5ts & slips4 ,! orange-r$ pa9t is yell[ be=e fir+1 fir+ turns x orange-r$1 almo/ ! color ( burnt si5na2 cool+ produces no noticeable *ange 9 ?is %ade4 ,burn+ has only a fugitive effect on ! r$ & d>k-r$ slips4 ,:ile /ill hot1 ^u removal f ! ov51 ^! are bo? a d>k *ocolate %ade4 ,z ! vessels cool ! diff]5t r$s gradually reappe>1 until :5 cold !y are ! same color z be=e fir+4 ,9 "s cases1 ^! pigm5ts seem to be j a %ade d>k] aft] fir+ ?an be=e4 ,! two k9ds ( :ite slip are a dead :ite :5 appli$2 aft] fir+ !y take on a slight p9ki%-br[n t+e1 m cream ?an :ite4 ,cool+ produces no fur!r *ange4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ *ange caus$ by fir+ is 9 ! black vegetable pigm5t 7guaco74 ,x has already be5 po9t$ out 7p4 #ff71 t :5 ?is pa9t is laid on ?ickly1 ! l9e made is a little rais$ & glossy1 l a glaze4 ,?is 8body0 to ! pa9t is probably =m$ by vegetable matt] 9 susp5sion 9 ! solution4 ,:5 ! vessels ) su* decorations are remov$ f ! ov5 aft] burn+1 ^! l9es are se5 to be :ite or grey4 ,! mat]ial :i* =m$ ! body ( ! pigm5t has be5 r$uc$ to :ite a%1 :i* adh]es to ! surface1 b c be rubb$ (f ) ! f+] or a clo?1 :ile ! black color itself has be5 burn$ into ! clay4 ,:]e a ?9 lay] ( ! pigm5t 0 appli$1 ! l9e1 aft] burn+1 is light grey1 because ! black "u ! ?9 coat ( a% %[s ?r\gh4 ,9 ^? vessels on :i* a ?ick solution ( pigm5t 0 us$1 ! decorations are dead :ite1 & ! surface ( ! a% is (t5 crackl$4 ,! ?ickness ( ?is a% seems to h "s effect ^u ! mann] 9 :i* ! black pigm5t is burn$ into ! clay1 = 9 decorations cov]$ ) a ?ick lay] ( a%1 ! black is ( an irregul> color ) /reaks ( grey 9 x4 ,:5 ! ?9 pigm5t is us$1 ! result+ black on ! f9i%$ vessel is ( a uni=m %ade4 ,! gloss9ess & rais$ "* ( ! pigm5t is ( c\rse completely de/roy$ dur+ burn+4 ,guaco l9es d n *ange 9 %ade :ile ! vessel is cool+4 ,! color ( ! pa/e is little affect$ by burn+4 ,9 bo? ! r$ & ! :ite clays1 ! *ange is simply "o ( tone1 t is1 ! clay is light] aft] burn+ ?an be=e4 ,! cook+-vessel clay be=e burn+ is greyi% yell[1 b aft] x has be5 remov$ f ! ov5 x is a ri* orange-yell[4 ,^! cook+ vessels ev5tually become black5$ by use ov] an op5 fire4 ,vessels de/9$ to be poli%$ black w>e are treat$ 9 q a diff]5t mann] dur+ ! fir+ /age1 = !y are to be subject$ to a smo!r$ fire1 :i* w result 9 ! deposition ( c>bon1 ?us turn+ !m f r$ to black4 ,! ov5 is built 9 ! same way1 b great] c>e is tak5 to fill gaps1 s t m ( ! heat may be reta9$4 ,en\gh spaces rema91 h[ev]1 to p]mit free circulation ( air4 ,m k9dl+ is us$1 = a hott] fire is necess>y4 ,:5 ! fire has rea*$ ! /age at :i* o!r w>es are remov$1 x is smo!r$ ) new1 pulv]iz$1 loose manure4 ,j be=e ! smo!r+ ! vessels h ! d>k *ocolate color typical ( ! r$ w>es :ile hot4 ,! pott] always attempts to smo!r ! entire ov5 at once by dump+ ^u x a :ole wa%tubful ( f9e loose manure4 ,if !re is a w9d1 flames are apt to break out 9 "o or two places4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 hurri$ly ext+ui%$4 ,:5 ! loose manure is add$1 ! ar* ( ! ov5 is1 ( c\rse1 brok51 & bo? cakes & loose manure come 9 contact ) ! vessels4 ,= ?is reason ! pott] does n ex]cise p>ticul> c>e 9 build+ ! ov5 to keep ! cakes f t\*+ ! vessels1 z !y are to be entirely black 9 ! end & a little premature smok+ does no h>m4 ,aft] ! manure has be5 add$1 ! m\nd is cont9ually prodd$ ) a pok] to r$i/ribute ! loose manure & make c]ta9 t all ! pieces are equally cov]$4 ,an extra supply ( loose manure is at h&1 & ?is is add$ 9 l>ge & small quantities f "t to "t1 z occasion dem&s4 ,two wa%tubsful are g5]ally us$1 sometimes ?ree4 ,! m\nd ( manure gives (f a d5se :ite smoke aft] ! smo!r+ has begun 7pl4 #bg1 a74 ,great c>e is tak5 to prev5t flames f appe>+1 s9ce ^! w\ld remove ! c>bon f ! vessel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bg a4 ,a fire smo!r$ ) loose manure to produce poli%$ black w>e4 b4 ,wip+ vessels t h become cool en\gh to h&le4 ,"o woman wipes (f ! a%es ) a dry rag1 !n passes !m to h] companion1 :o goes ov] !m ) a slightly greasy clo?4 ,t5 or fifte5 m9utes aft] ! smo!r+ ! fir/ piece is dug out ( ! m\nd ) ! pok]4 ,x is plac$ a foot or two f ! ov5 & ha/ily wip$ ) a dry clo? to remove all manure4 ,! surface ( ! vessel is a beautiful %9y black color1 :i* does n *ange at all on cool+4 ,if black w>e pa9t 7see p4 #bd7 has be5 us$1 x *anges f ! gre5i%-yell[ color t x _h be=e burn+ to a dead matte black :i* contra/s v effectively ) ! poli%$ surface ( ! vessel 7see pl4 #h1 a74 ,at fir/ ! vessels come f ! smok+ m\nd sl[ly1 & all holes left 9 ! pile by ! removal ( vessels are c>efully fill$ aga91 b lat] !y are tak5 out z quickly z possible1 & t[>d ! end no attempt is made to keep ! pieces /ill 9 ! pile ?or\ghly cov]$4 ,if1 :5 a vessel is remov$1 its condition does n q suit ! pott]1 x is replac$ 9 ! smok+ manure & completely cov]$4 ,c]ta9 poli%$ black vessels are fur!r manipulat$ 9 su* a way z to produce an irregul> r$ blot* ^u !m4#ej ,specim5s de/9$ to receive ?is r$ blot*1 :i* is usually plac$ ne> ! rim1 are reburi$ 9 ! hot manure ly+ r\nd ! edge ( ! pile ) t portion :i* is to h ! blot* left uncov]$4 ,aga9/ ?is expos$ portion is plac$ a smok+ fragm5t ( a dung-slab4 ,! action ( ! heat & air results 9 ! removal ( ! c>bon f ! surface1 s t t "p ( ! vessel :i* is n cov]$ ) manure & a%es rega9s its =m] color1 ! r$ ( ! pigm5t4 ,s9ce ! pot is pu%$ ab\t a good deal dur+ ?is process1 ! l9e betwe5 ! r$ & ! black surface is n always v def9ite1 :i* improves ! appe>ance4 ,! ,indians !mselves _c tell be=eh& j :at %ape ! blot* is go+ to take1 & mu/ !re=e wat* ! vessel cont9ually4 ,sometimes burn+ %r$s ( c$> b>k are plac$ aga9/ ! expos$ surface to ha/5 ! process1 b actual flames are n necess>y 9 ord] to obta9 ! desir$ result4 ,if ! r$ blot* is too l>ge1 "p ( x is simply recov]$ ) hot manure-a%es1 & a few m9utes lat] w aga9 become jet black4 ,s f> z looks are conc]n$ ! success or failure ( ?is r$ blot* ^u black w>e dep5ds l>gely ^u ! arti/ic s5se ( ! pott] mak+ x4 ,9 "o gr\p ( ?irty-?ree poli%$ black vessels fir$ toge!r1 sixte5 7 giv5 a r$ blot*2 eight or t5 ( ^! 7 excell5t pieces4 ,! "t consum$ 9 burn+ poli%$ black w>e is %[n 9 ,table ,,xi4 ,x %\ld be not$ t be=e ! loose manure 0 add$1 ! vessels 7 subject$ to ! fire ab\t ! same l5g? ( "t z ^? ( o!r w>es4 ,,table ,,xi ,m9utes ,prep>ation & build+ ( ov5 begun #jj #jj ,fire />t$ #af #ah ,m fuel add$ #da #ci ,ov5 smo!r$ ) loose manure #df #de ,fir/ b[l remov$ #ei #ei ,la/ b[l remov$ #gd #ii ,,accid5ts ,! accid5ts :i* may occur 9 fir+ are ( two g5]al classes--^? :i* result f faulty treatm5t dur+ ! con/ruction ( ! vessel itself & ^? :i* are due to c>eless manipulation 9 burn+4 ,! latt] are ! m frequ5t4 ,a vessel may crack or flake badly 9 ! ov52 (t5 ! entire base breaks (f4 ,! fault 9 ?is case lies 9 ! orig9al m\ld+1 because small /one fragm5ts or air-bubbles 7 all[$ to rema9 emb$d$ 9 ! pa/e4 ,s9ce ! rate ( expansion "u heat v>ies = diff]5t sub/ances1 a great /ra9 develops ab\t su* /ones or air-bubbles dur+ fir+1 & ! natural result is crack+ or flak+ ( ! clay4 ,9 "s l>g] vessels ! slip flakes away ar\nd ! %\ld]1 :]e ! two areas ( ! surface met :5 ! poli%+ 0 done 7see p4 #fd74 ,9 ! pott]'s op9ion ^! flakes1 :i* are exce$+ly small1 are probably caus$ by m9ute air-bubbles t _h lodg$ "u ! slip :ile ! l9e ab\t ! %\ld] 0 be+ poli%$4 ,a ?ird type ( accid5t is m]ely a blemi%2 x is due to flies settl+ on a vessel be=e burn+2 ! result+ fly-specks are burn$ into ! clay1 & ! surface ( ! pot is spr9kl$ ) dots q z black z guaco decorations4 ,! mo/ common =m ( blemi% caus$ by c>eless manipulation dur+ fir+ is ! 8smoke-cl\d0 or 8fire-cl\d01 a circul> black5$ area1 ! d>ke/ "p ( :i* is at ! c5tre4 ,!re is no "q b t ?is is caus$ by contact betwe5 ! vessel & a dung-cake1 & ! result is probably due to moi/ure 9 ! dung :i* br+s ab\t a deposit ( c>bon on ! surface4 ,if1 dur+ ! burn+1 a cake ( dung falls1 x w probably come 9 contact ) ! surface ( "s b[l4 ,if x is remov$ at once !re is little dang] ( a smoke-cl\d1 & ! pott]1 :5 %e notices su* an accid5t1 imm$iately tries to secure ! fall5 cake ) two pok]s4 ,) mu* skill %e c>efully extricates x f )9 ! ov5 )\t di/urb+ ! o!r cakes ab\t ! place f :i* x fell4 ,fire-cl\ds may be produc$ ^u ! bases ( vessels by sett+ !m on hot cakes ( dung be=e fir+2 or ^u damp1 or relatively damp1 gr\nd imm$iately aft] fir+4 ,excessive dampness1 su* z /eam f wet gr\nd "u ! ov51 may 9 addition to discoloration1 produce w>p+ ( ! vessels4 ,ano!r sort ( blemi% is occasionally caus$ by ru/ f a t9 c re/+ ^u a vessel dur+ fir+2 su* a spot is usually r$di% br[n 9 color1 & cov]s a v small area4 ,if light areas appe> on poli%$ black w>e1 x is safe to assume t !y 7 br\ght ab\t by lack ( prop] v5tilation )9 ! ov5 dur+ ! prelim9>y burn+1 su* z w\ld occur if two vessels 7 s close toge!r z to prohibit ! free passage ( air4 ,if :ite slip is t\*$ j be=e burn+1 ! oil f ! f+]s is apt to be fir$ 91 ?us ru9+ ! uni=m appe>ance ( ! surface by ! pott]'s indelible f+]pr9t4 ,to avoid su* an accid5t1 poly*rome vessels are usually h&l$ only by ! int]ior ( ! rim on ! day !y are burn$4 ,und]fir+ & ov]fir+1 ) consequ5t damage to ! w>e1 are usually due to gross c>elessness on ! "p ( ! pott] 9 ! irregul> plac+ ( k9dl+4 ,! w9d also has some?+ to d ) x4 ,if !re is a /iff breeze bl[+1 ! probabilities are t ! w9dw>d surfaces ( vessels )9 ! ov5 w be und]fir$1 :ile ^? 9 ! lee ( ! vessels w be ov]fir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bh ,c\rtesy ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,,zu,i4 ,,prep>+ ,,clay a4 ,pulv]iz+ dry +r$i5ts on flat /one slab ) a mano or h& /one4 b4 ,wett+1 mix+1 & knead+ clay2 wat]-conta9] 9 =egr\nd2 prep>$ clay 9 b[l4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bi ,c\rtesy ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,,zu,i4 ,,m\ld+ a4 ,l[] "p ( vessel complet$2 pott] =m+ roll ( clay ) :i* to cont9ue build+4 b4 ,apply+ roll ( clay2 left h& guides roll2 "r h& welds x to side ( vessel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cj ,c\rtesy ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,,zu,i4 ,,surfac+ a4 ,go+ ov] outside ( vessel ) m\ld+ tool to smoo? out irregul>ities4 b4 ,vessel has be5 remov$ f base-m\ld & cov]$ ) :ite slip f b[l 9 =egr\nd4 ,pott] n[ poli%+ slip ) rubb+ /one4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ca ,,zu,i4 ,,pa9t+ ,,& ,,fir+ a4 ,apply+ design ) yucca-leaf bru%4 ,black pigm5t 9 %all[ /one mort>1 r$ 9 small :ite b[l4 b4 ,build+ ov5 ( dung cakes--note k9dl+ at feet ( figure at "r4 c4 ,ov5 dom$ ov] & set afire4 7,photographs f ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory74 ,9 und]fir$ vessels ! color ( ! pigm5ts is n true1 be+ usually midway betwe5 ! unfir$ color & ! fir$ color2 z a rule ! pa/e is also d>k & friable4 ,ov]fir+ is m easily detect$ ?an und]fir+4 ,a slight ov]fir+ may be fir/ notic$ 9 ! black guaco pa9t1 :i* has a t5d5cy to become blui% & light if burn$ too mu*4 ,o!r bad results foll[ 9 quick succession z ov]fir+ is increas$3 at an e>ly /age ! :ite slip becomes smoky2 9 sev]e ov]fir+ x may turn black1 z 9 a smoke-cl\d2 ! pa9t ( ! designs is apt to flake (f2 & f9ally1 9 a bad case1 ! guaco w turn ne>ly :ite4 ,,treatm5t ,,aft] ,,burn+ ,poli%$ black vessels1 :5 remov$ f ! fire1 are set directly ^u ! gr\nd )9 a foot or two ( ! ov54 ,!y are at once wip$ ha/ily ) a dry clo? to prev5t any fragm5ts ( ! new manure f /ick+ to ! surface4 ,:5 ! vessels are suffici5tly cool$ !y are aga9 wip$ ) a clean dry clo? & tak5 into ! h\se = /orage4 ,occasionally ! fir/ wip+1 :ile ! b[l is /ill hot1 is omitt$4 ,:5 pieces ( poly*rome w>e or r$ w>e are remov$ f ! ov5 !y are plac$ on ! gr\nd "s six or eight feet f ! fire1 re/+ on t9s 9 ord] to prev5t possible discoloration f contact ) ! damp soil1 z well z to prev5t du/ & dirt f /ick+ to _! bases4 ,! vessels are pil$ on ^! t9s 9 any mann]1 (t5 ?ree or f\r on top ( "o ano!r4 ,:5 ! pott]y fir/ comes f ! fire1 x is /ill mu* too hot to t\*1 & radiates heat copi\sly4 ,t5 or fifte5 m9utes lat]1 :5 ! vessels are cool en\gh to h&le1 !y are remov$ f ! t9s & collect$ at "s conv5i5t place to await wip+4 ,fir/ ! pieces are gone ov] ) a clean dry clo? to take (f ! guaco a%es & any du/ t may rema9 f ! ov5 7pl4 #bg1 b74 ,ea* vessel is !n wip$ ) a slightly greasy clo?1 :i* gives a fa9t %e5 to ! surface & removes ! blue t+e :i* is apt to be f\nd 9 ! black guaco-cov]$ areas4 ,"s pott]s h sub/itut$ a *amois sk9 = ?is second clo?4 ,x took ! two wom5 %[n 9 pl4 #bg1 b1 j fifte5 m9utes to wipe ) ! two k9ds ( clo?s ! tw5ty-two vessels figur$4 ,:5 ! wip+ is done1 ! pott]y is c>ri$ to ! h\se & /or$ 9 "o ( ! rooms4 ,! pieces are plac$ on ! floor1 usually ) a c>pet or rug "u !m1 & cov]$ ) a %eet to keep (f du/ & flies4 ,! "t occupi$ 9 ea* ( ! individual /ages ( pott]y mak+ has be5 consid]$1 b ! total "t1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! m\ld+ until ! f9i%$ vessels are plac$ 9 ! /ore room "u a %eet1 is f> 9 excess ( ! m]e sum ( ! sep>ate h\rs & m9utes us$ 9 ea* process4 ,h\sehold duties & o!r tasks are con/antly int]f]+ ) ! "w4 ,ab\t n9e o'clock on a c]ta9 morn+ "o pott] began m\ld+ ! fir/ ( a gr\p ( p]haps =ty pieces4 ,! scrap+ 0 comm5c$ on ! morn+ ( ! ?ird day1 & ! poli%+ on ! f\r? morn+4 ,no?+ 0 done on ! fif? day1 b e>ly on ! six? ! pa9t+ began4 ,a fie/a int]rupt$ ! "w = two m days1 & ! burn+ 0 done on ! morn+ ( ! t5? day1 al?\gh x c\ld h tak5 place on ! sev5?4 ,ano!r pott] f9i%$ burn+ sev]al l>ge ollas at noon on ! n9? day4 ,,pa9t+ ,,( ,,designs ,by means ( ! decorations on ! vessels ! pott] expresses h] p]sonality4 ,! type ( design us$ by any "o pott] is v con/ant1 & is di/9ctly individual4 ,x is a comp>atively easy matt]1 by an inspection ( ! design alone1 to di/+ui% ! vessels made by "o pott] f ^? ( ano!r4 ,! designs are plann$ 9 sev]al diff]5t ways4 ,m>ia ,m>t9ez sits ) ! b[l 9 h] h&s = a few m9utes do+ no?+2 app>5tly %e is work+ out 9 h] m9d ! comb9ation ( elem5ts :i* %e w use4 ,designs s conceiv$ are g5]ally simple4 ,maximiliana ,m>t9ez beg9s pa9t+ almo/ at once4 ,:ile %e is work+ ideas occur to h] & are incorporat$4 ,occasionally1 aft] ! pa9t+ has be5 complet$ & ! vessel set aside1 %e w pick x up aga9 to add "s detail4 ,?is me?od ( work+ is apt to cause some:at involv$ figures4 ,antonita ,roybal1 9 *oos+ h] designs1 ref]s to draw+s ( h] own1 or to photographs :i* h come into h] h&s1 ( old ,san ,ildefonso vessels4 ,?is pott] uses a p5cil to outl9e v sket*ily ! design ^u ! vessel1 z an aid 9 obta9+ ! prop] symmetry4 ,! figures obta9$ 9 ?is mann] are usually v elaborate4#ea ,! fir/ l9es drawn 9 a design are almo/ )\t exception ! enclos+ l9es "u ! rim4 ,^! are foll[$ by ! enclos+ l9es ne> ! %\ld] 79 ! case ( an olla71 or ne> ! bottom ( ! int]ior 79 ! case ( a b[l74 ,:5 ! design consi/s ( panels1 ! v]tical division-l9es are !n add$4 ,if !re are to be f\r panels1 "o division-l9e is drawn1 & !n ! "o on ! opposite side ( ! b[l1 divid+ ! surface into halves4 ,ea* ( ^! halves is !n bisect$4 ,! next /ep is to d\ble all ! v]tical division-l9es4 ,occasionally ea* quadrant is judg$ by ! eye only1 & ! division l9es are drawn 9 sequ5ce ab\t ! vessel4 ,:5 !re are to be ei!r m or less ?an f\r panels1 !y are outl9$ "o aft] ! o!r4 ,no measur+ in/rum5t ( any k9d is us$4 ,aft] ! skeleton ( ! design has be5 complet$1 ! outl9es ( ! figure )9 ea* panel are drawn4 ,all ! l9es are fir/ plac$ 9 "o panel1 !n ! second panel is f9i%$1 & s on1 until all h be5 fill$ ) ! outl9es4 ,all ! areas on ! vessel t are to be color$ black are !n fill$1 foll[$ by ! areas :i* are to be r$4 ,! /rokes tak5 9 outl9+ are n always made 9 ! same ord] 9 ! v>i\s panels4 ,su* v>iation is entirely natural & %\ld be expect$ 9 "w done )\t ! use ( a visible patt]n4 ,:5 a design is atta*$ to ! l[] enclos+ l9e ( a panel1 x usually consi/s ( a repetition ( "s small figure ( "o or two elem5ts4 ,! position ( su* add$ figures has absolutely no relation 9 ! m9d ( ! pott] to ! panel-design4 ,:5 a design consi/s ( a repetition ( figures n enclos$ )9 panels1 ! pa9t] always ref]s1 be=e add+ ano!r figure1 to ! am\nt ( ! surface z yet unfill$4 ,! correctness ( ! pa9t]'s judgm5t is !re=e easily det]m9$ by ! proportions ( ! la/ figure 9 ! design z comp>$ ) ! rema9+ figures4 ,z a rule1 ) ! product ( ! pres5t-day pott]s ( ,san ,ildefonso1 x is exce$+ly difficult to det]m9e 9 a f9i%$ vessel1 :i* ( ! figures 0 ! la/ "o drawn4 ,9 designs :i* consi/ ( a s+le figure1 or ( two or m figures1 ) sev]al complex elem5ts1 ! developm5t ( ! design ^u ! vessel is necess>ily at v>iance ) t describ$ above4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ea* elem5t is complet$1 includ+ ! fill+ ( areas1 be=e ! next elem5t is outl9$4 ,simil>ly1 ea* figure is f9i%$ be=e ! next is begun4 ,9 consid]+ g5]ally ! ornam5tation ( ,san ,ildefonso vessels1 a di/9ct gr\p-simil>ity c be obs]v$4 ,! poly*rome vessels are pa9t$ 9 black & orange-r$ ^u a :ite base4 ,! r$-w>e vessels are decorat$ only 9 black4 ,! designs usually consi/ ( sev]al almo/ id5tical figures1 ea* compos$ ( a small numb] ( r simple elem5ts1 9 :i* curv$ l9es are common4 ,& yet1 9 spite ( ?is almo/ indef9able simil>ity among ! vessels1 ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! designs made by diff]5t pott]s ( ! village are cle>-cut & di/9ct4 ,m>ia ,m>t9ez specializes 9 con/rict$-m\!d & simil>ly %ap$ b[ls ( poly*rome w>e4 ,h] l9es are relatively n>r[1 & ! black ( ! design is v uni=m 9 color4 ,%e uses panell$ designs almo/ exclusively4 ,! elem5ts )9 ! panels are simple1 & few 9 numb]4 ,h] "w is easily recogniz$ because ( its simplicity & pleas+ composition 7see pl4 #f74 ,maximiliana ,m>t9ez g5]ally conf9es h]self to r$ w>e 9 ! =m ( small ollas & small b[ls ) a slightly con/rict$ lip4 ,h] l9es are some:at wid] & m unev5 ?an ^? ( ,m>ia1 & ! black is ( v>y+ %ades4 ,z a result ( h] cu/om ( develop+ ! design z ! "w progresses1 ! figures are r complex & intricate1 or1 z ! ,indians !mselves say1 8mix$ up04 ,! out/&+ *>act]i/ic ( h] "w is ! use ( "o or m elem5ts entirely deta*$ f ! figure prop]4 ,antonita ,roybal devotes mo/ ( h] "t to mak+ l>ge ollas ( r$ w>e4 ,h] l9es are relatively broad1 (t5 inde$ ( d\ble wid?4 ,h] blacks are also unev54 ,! designs ^u h] vessels are usually compos$ ( two or f\r v l>ge1 complex figures1 9 :i* spiral curves are conspicu\s4 ,dott+1 cros%at*+1 & fill+ ( _m small areas *>act]ize h] "w4 ,! products ( a man pa9t]1 ,julian ,m>t9ez1 are easily recogniz$ by ! abundant use ( v n>r[ l9es4 ,! figures1 :i* are usually compos$ ( _m intricate elem5ts1 impress "o ) ! am\nt ( detail$ & c>eful "w lavi%$ ^u !m4 ,julian has obvi\sly be5 /rongly influ5c$ by ! te*nique ( mod]n ,hopi pott]s1 su* z ! fam\s ,nampeo1 ^: "w he ( c\rse (t5 sees 9 ! curio-/ores & 9 ! ,/ate ,museum at ,santa ,fe4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages typical designs ( ,m>ia1 ,maximiliana1 & ,antonita are discuss$ 9 detail1 ) ! aid ( figures ^u :i* ! direction & ord] ( ! /rokes h be5 indicat$4 ,^! draw+s are giv5 9 ord] to amplify & cl>ify ! g5]al /atem5ts made above4 ,,draw+ ,,no4 #a 7fig4 #i72 orig9al by ,m>ia ,m>t9ez4 ,?is design 0 on a con/rict$-m\!d poly*rome b[l1 & consi/$ ( f\r id5tical panels1 ea* f\r & "o-half in*es long by two & "o-half in*es wide4 ,! "w 0 divid$ into f\r di/9ct sections1 or /ages1 ea* ( :i* 0 complet$ 9 all f\r panels1 "o aft] ! o!r1 be=e ! next /age 0 begun4 ,fir/ /age 7fig4 #i1 a72 con/ruction ( ! fram+ l9es4 ,l9es #a-d are drawn completely ar\nd ! b[l2 !n l9es #e-h4 ,! correspond+ two pairs ( l9es are !n drawn ^u ! o!r half ( ! b[l1 ?us divid+ ! space into f\r sections4 ,second /age 7fig4 #i1 b72 plac+ ( ! outl9es )9 ea* panel4 ,! fir/ ?ree l9es drawn 7#i-aa7 divide ! panel into ?ree triangles4 ,!n ! details are ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,! gr[? ( a poly*rome design z pa9t$ by ,m>ia ,m>t9ez 7! %ad+ indicates r$74 outl9$ 9 ea* triangle 9 turn4 ,:5 ! outl9+ ( "o panel has be5 complet$1 ea* ( ! o!r panels is treat$ 9 turn 9 ! same mann]4 ,! "w ( ,m>ia is notewor?y 9 t ! ord] & direction ( ! l9es & ! fill+ ( spaces is h>dly ev] *ang$ f "o panel to ! next4 ,?ird /age 7fig4 #i1 c72 fill+ c]ta9 areas ) solid black pa9t4 ,! l>ge/ area 7,i7 is always fill$ fir/4 ,no ord] is foll[$ 9 fill+ areas ,,ii1 ,,iii1 & ,,iv1 & 9 mak+ ! dot 7,v74 ,9 "o panel1 ,,iv is fill$ be=e ,,ii1 9 ano!r ,v prec$es ! o!r ?ree4 ,aft] ?is ! dots 7,,vi7 are plac$ bel[ l9e #ba4 ,9 ! diff]5t panels ! numb] ( ^! dots v>ies f six to eight4 ,! la/ area fill$ 9 ?is /age is ! triangle ,,vii4 ,:5 ! fir/ panel has be5 complet$ ! o!r ?ree are treat$ 9 l mann] be=e ! f\r? /age is begun4 ,f\r? /age 7fig4 #i1 d72 fill+ ( areas ) r$ pa9t 7%[n 9 ! reproduction by %ad+74 ,9 "s panels area ,,viii prec$es area ,,ix1 9 o!rs ! rev]se is ! ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cb ,design by ,m>ia ,m>t9ez case4 ,) ! completion ( ?is f\r? /age 9 all ! panels1 ! pa9t+ ( ?is comp>atively simple design is f9i%$4 ,! "t consum$ 0 tw5ty-five m9utes4 ,,draw+ ,,no4 #b 7pl4 #cb72 orig9al by ,m>ia ,m>t9ez4 ,?is design may be plac$ ^u ei!r a con/rict$-m\!d b[l or an olla-b[l4 ,x is made up ( five id5tical panels4 ,dur+ ! pa9t+ ! b[l is turn$ c\nt]clockwise4 ,!re are elev5 di/9ct /ages4 ,fir/ /age 7pl4 #cb1 a72 ! enclos+ l9es ( ! panels are produc$4 ,ea* panel is f\r in*es long & "o & a half in*es wide4 ,! horizontal l9es 7#a-d7 are drawn completely ar\nd ! b[l be=e ! divid+ l9es 7#e-h7 are drawn4 ,second /age 7pl4 #cb1 b72 l9es #i & #aj are drawn1 divid+ ea* ( ! five panels into a semicircle & two triangles4 ,?ird /age 7pl4 #cb1 c72 ! plumes are outl9$ 9 ea* ( ! panels by means ( l9es #aa to #bj4 ,f\r? /age 7pl4 #cb1 d72 ! two triangles 7areas ,i & ,,ii7 are fill$ ) black pigm5t4 ,sometimes area ,i is fill$ fir/1 sometimes area ,,ii4 ,fif? /age 7pl4 #cb1 e72 :5 ! triangles 9 all five panels h be5 fill$1 ! dots are plac$ 9 two ( ! five plumes 9 ea* panel 7areas ,,iii & ,,iv74 ,^! dots are sometimes six 9 numb]1 sometimes sev54 ,!y are pa9t$ f ! base ( ! plume upw>ds4 ,six? /age 7pl4 #cb1 b72 areas ,v to ,,vii are fill$ ) r$ pigm5t1 ?us complet+ ! panel-design4 ,sev5? /age 7pl4 #cb1 g72 n[ t ! design 9 ! panel has be5 f9i%$1 ! second half ( ! figure1 t bel[ ! bottom enclos+ l9e1 is begun4 ,a s]ies ( small semicircles 7l9es numb]$ #ba7 are app5d$ to ! l[e/ enclos+ l9e4 ,! position ( ! semicircles be>s no relation :atev] to ! s]ies ( panels4 ,?ree & a half to f\r semicircles fall bel[ ea* panel or a total ( f sev5te5 to tw5ty 9 ! entire ext5t ( ! design z x encircles ! vessel4 ,eigh? /age 7pl4 #cb4 g72 by means ( l9es #bb & #bc1 a triangle is outl9$ bel[ ea* ( ! semicircles4 ,n9? /age 7pl4 #cb1 h72 a v small semicircle 7#bd7 is drawn j bel[ ! po9t ( ea* triangle4 ,t5? /age 7pl4 #cb1 h72 ano!r simil> semicircle 7l9e #be7 is drawn j bel[ l9e #bd4 ,elev5? /age 7pl4 #cb1 i72 ! triangles 7areas numb]$ ,,viii7 are fill$ ) black pigm5t4 ,al?\gh ?is figure is bas$ ^u ! panel-design1 x diff]s f pure panel-decoration 9 ! use ( a s]ies ( simple figures app5d$ to ! bottom enclos+-l9e ( ! panel4 ,! "t requir$ to pa9t ?is design 0 ?irty-five m9utes4 ,,draw+ ,,no4 #c 7pl4 #cc72 orig9al by ,m>ia ,m>t9ez4 ,?is design is ( an entirely diff]5t type1 9 t !re is no use ( a panel4 ,x 0 plac$ ^u a con/rict$-m\!d b[l4 ,fir/ /age 7pl4 #cc1 a72 ! enclos+ l9es 7#a1 #b7 are drawn ar\nd ! rim ( ! vessel4 ,^! are imm$iately foll[$ by ! ?ree l9es 7#c to #e7 :i* =m ! outl9es ( ! five spirals compos+ ! design4 ,! proportions ( ! figures 7 det]m9$ by con/antly wat*+ ! position ( ! fir/ spiral z ! b[l 0 turn$ c\nt]clockwise4 ,second /age 7pl4 #cc1 b72 ! outl9es ( ! details 7l9es #f to #ag7 are drawn on ea* spiral 9 turn4 ,?ird /age 7pl4 #cc1 c72 ! outl9+ is complet$ by add+ to ea* spiral a horizontal triangle at ! base ( ! curve4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t l9e #ah1 ! fir/ ( ! gr\p #ah to #ba1 0 ! fir/ "o drawn1 al?\gh x 0 entirely deta*$ at t "t f ! ma9 figure4 ,f\r? /age 7pl4 #cc1 d72 ! fill+ ( areas is begun by pa9t+ ! f\r small triangles on ! upw>d curve ( ! spiral 7areas ,i to ,,iv74 ,! ord] 9 :i* !y are fill$ is apt to v>y ) ! diff]5t spirals4 ,fif? /age 7pl4 #cc1 e72 ! l>ge triangle at ! base ( ! spiral 7area ,v7 is fill$ ) black pigm5t4 ,six? /age 7pl4 #cc1 f72 ! triangle at ! bottom 7area ,,vi7 is fill$ 9 ea* unit4 ,sev5? /age 7pl4 #cc1 g72 ?is consi/s 9 plac+ a s]ies ( dots along ! m$ian l9e ( ! leaf-%ap$ area 9 ! base ( ! spiral4 ,9 ! v>i\s spirals ^! dots v>y 9 numb] f eight to t54 ,eigh? /age 7pl4 #cc1 h72 ! design is complet$ by fill+ ! r$ areas 7,,viii & ,,ix74 ,9 ! fir/ spiral s treat$1 area ,,viii 0 fill$ fir/1 b 9 all ! o!rs area ,,ix prec$$ area ,,viii4 ,! base ( ea* spiral is f\r & "o-half in*es long4 ,! wid? ( ! design is ?ree in*es4 ,,draw+ ,,no4 #d 7pl4 #cd72 orig9al by ,maximiliana ,m>t9ez4 ,?is rosette 0 plac$ 9 ! int]ior bottom ( a small con/rict$-m\!d b[l ( r$ w>e4 ,a cl\d-design :i* 0 pa9t$ on ! rim ( ! same b[l is describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #f4 ,fir/ /age 7pl4 #cd1 a72 ! outl9es ( "o set ( f\r leaves are drawn 7l9es #a-h74 ,second /age 7pl4 #cd1 b72 ! areas )9 ^! enclos+ l9es are hat*$ 7areas ,i-,,iv74 ,^! f\r areas are fill$ 9 clockwise rotation4 ,?ird /age 7pl4 #cd1 c72 ! same areas 7numb]$ ,v-,,viii7 are cros%at*$1 />t+ at ! tip ( ea* area & work+ t[>ds ! c5tre4 ,f\r? /age 7pl4 #cd1 d72 f\r m leaves are drawn betwe5 ! f\r already made4 ,aft] l9es #i & #aj are drawn1 ! area betwe5 !m is fill$ ) black pigm5t1 leav+ an oblique :ite b>1 be=e l9es #aa & #ab are plac$ ^u ! vessel4 ,ea* ( ! f\r leaves is entirely complet$ be=e ! next is begun4 ,fif? /age 7pl4 #cd1 e72 ?is consi/s 9 ! plac+ ( f\r l9es 7#ag-bj7 at ! end ( ea* ( ! f\r long] leaves4 ,^! f\r gr\ps ( l9es are drawn ^u ! design 9 clockwise rotation4 ,six? /age 7pl4 #cd1 f72 at ?is po9t ,maximiliana glanc$ at ! draw+ :i* ! writ] 0 mak+ 9 8 notes4 ,by accid5t ! ends ( ! %ort] leaves _h !re be5 made m po9t$ ?an ! actual pa9t+4 ,:5 %e saw ?is1 %e po9t$ ! tips ( ^! leaves ) black to make !m correspond 9 %ape to ! writ]'s draw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cc ,design by ,m>ia ,m>t9ez ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cd ,design by ,maximiliana ,m>t9ez ,?is is an excell5t example ( ! type ( "w done by a pa9t] :o develops h] patt]n :ile draw+ x4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ?is & ! simple /r5g? ( ! fir/ ?ree designs 7fig4 #i & pls4 #cb1 #cc7 %\ld be notic$4 ,,draw+ ,,no4 #e 7fig4 #aj72 orig9al by ,maximiliana ,m>t9ez4 ,?is is a bord] decoration t 0 appli$ to ! edge ( ! con/rict$-m\!d b[l on :i* 0 produc$ ,draw+ ,no4 #d4 ,fir/ /age 7fig4 #aj1 a72 ?is is ! draw+ ( ! two enclos+ l9es 7#a & #b7 ab\t ! lip ( ! b[l4 ,^! are foll[$ at once by #c to #e1 :i* outl9e ?ree small semicircles4 ,eight ( ^! triple semicircles complete ! circumf]5ce ( ! b[l4 ,second /age 7fig4 #aj1 b72 ! ?ree semicircles are fill$ ) dots ( pigm5t1 two 9 ea* ( ! upp] ones1 ?ree 9 ! l[]4 ,?ird /age 7fig4 #aj1 c72 ! ?ree small l9es are add$ to ! l[e/ ( ! ?ree semicircles4 ,! pa9t+ ( ! rosette 7pl4 #cd7 & ! eight sets ( semicircles took j sixte5 m9utes4 ,,draw+ ,,no4 #f 7pl4 #ce72 orig9al by ,antonita ,roybal4 ,?is elaborate decoration 0 plac$ ^u a l>ge r$ w>e olla4 ,antonita1 x may be not$1 specializes ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,ra9cl\d design by ,maximiliana ,m>t9ez 9 vessels ( ?is sort1 & h] designs1 :ile n slavi%ly repeat$1 all h a /rong family resemblance1 due to h] bold use ( scrolls & /ep-figures4 ,! small upp] draw+ illu/rates ! me?od by :i* ! design "u consid]ation is appli$ to ! vessel4 ,9 ! l>g] "o x is project$ flat2 ! c5tre circle repres5ts ! m\? ( ! olla4 ,! "t tak5 = pa9t+ ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! patt]n is incorporat$ 9 ! description2 ! total "t at ! end ( ea* /age be+ giv5 imm$iately !reaft]4 ,framework l9es4 ,! heavy d\ble-wid? l9e =m+ ! middle ( ! c5tral squ>e is drawn fir/4 ,!n two n>r[] l9es are drawn1 "o inside & "o outside1 ?us complet+ ! squ>e 7sixte5 m9utes2 #jj3jj-af3jj74 ,! two l9es encircl+ ! m\? ( ! olla are next produc$ 7f\r m9utes2 #af3jj-bj3jj74 ,neck-design )9 ! squ>e4 ,ea* ( ! f\r corn]s ( ! squ>e is ornam5t$ ) a small scroll-end$ elem5t4 ,ea* elem5t is fir/ outl9$ & !n fill$ ) black be=e ! next is begun 7twelve & "o-half m9utes2 #bj3cj-cb3jj74 ,small irregul>ly plac$ spots are !n dott$ into ! rema9+ surface )9 ! squ>e 7six m9utes2 #cc3jj-ci3jj74 ,! m$allions4 ,app5d$ to ea* ( ! f\r corn]s ( ! orig9al squ>e is a fl[]-l m$allion4 ,! draw+ ( ea* is done z foll[s4 ,! out] l9e is fir/ trac$1 !n ! inn] "o4 ,next ! inn] "p is fill$ ) black1 except = a n>r[ b& across ! middle4 ,to ! ext]ior r+ are add$ ! outl9es ( ! n9e radiat+ elem5ts4 ,z a la/ /ep ^! are fill$ ) black4 ,! olla is !n turn$ c\nt]clockwise & ! next m$allion is begun4 ,ea* m$allion is complet$ m quickly ?an ! la/4 ,! "t3 ,no4 #a1 t5 m9utes 7#ci3jj-di3jj72 ,no4 #b1 eight m9utes 7#di3jj-eg3jj72 ,no4 #c1 sev5 & "o-half m9utes 7#eg3jj-fd3cj72 ,no4 #d1 six & "o-half m9utes 7#fd3cj-ga3jj74 ,! side patt]ns4 ,ea* ( ! f\r sides ( ! squ>e be>s a design compos$ ( two scrolls ) a d\ble /epp$ elem5t & two long app5dages betwe5 !m4 ,ea* design is complet$ be=e ! next is begun4 ,! draw+ proce$s z foll[s3 #a4 ,! outl9+ ( ! scrolls & ! draw+ ( ! crossb> betwe5 !m4 #b4 ,! outl9+ ( ! c5tral /epp$ figures4 #c4 ,! fill+ ( ! /epp$ figures ) black4 #d4 ,! outl9+ ( ! two long app5dages betwe5 ! scrolls4 #e4 ,! fill+ ( ! app5dages ) black1 leav+ two n>r[ crossb>s 9 ! gr\nd color4 #f4 ,! addition ( ! two small app5dages betwe5 ! /epp$ figures4 #g4 ,! outl9+ ( a c5tral /reak end+ 9 a small circle 9 ea* ( ! scrolls4 #h4 ,! fill+ ( ! scrolls ) black1 leav+ ! c5tral /reak & small circle 9 ! gr\nd color4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! m$allions1 ea* "o ( ! side patt]ns is complet$ m quickly ?an ! la/4 ,! "t3 ,no4 #a1 tw5ty-six m9utes 7#ga3jj-ig3jj72 ,no4 #b1 tw5ty-two & a half m9utes 7#ig3jj-aai3cj72 ,no4 #c1 tw5ty-"o & a half m9utes 7#aai3cj-ada3jj72 ,no4 #d1 f\rte5 & a half m9utes 7#ada3jj-aee3cj74 ,! entire "t requir$ = pa9t+ ! design 0 ?us two h\rs1 ?irty-five m9utes1 & ?irty seconds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ce ,black design on r$ j> by ,antonita ,roybal 7! small draw+ above %[s h[ ?is design is appli$ to ! olla74 ,,symbolism#eb ,symbolism ( "o k9d or ano!r1 plays a v important "p 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,pueblo ,indian4 ,x is g5]ally agre$ t ev5 ! m9or acts ( ev]yday life h a c]ta9 religi\s symbolic mean+4 ,= example1 ! g\rd spoons1 or kajepes1 us$ 9 m\ld+ pott]y1 mu/ app>5tly be consecrat$ be=e !y may be us$4 ,simil>ly1 a new te*nique 9 pott]y mak+ mu/ pass ?r\gh a p]iod ( consecration be=e x becomes completely e/abli%$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :ite m5 (t5 ov]emphasize ! importance ( symbolism 9 /udy+ any civilization ^: cu/oms & philosophy diff] radically f _! own4 ,9 ! light ( :at is kn[n ( ! m5tal attitude ( ! ,pueblo ,indian1 x w\ld n be unreasonable to assume t ! designs on _! pott]y h "s symbolical mean+4 ,:e!r ?is symbolism is 9 any s5se religi\s1 or is m]ely ! symbolism ( conv5tionalization ( design1 is an op5 "q4#ec ,x is probable t vessels made be=e ! "t :5 pott]y became to "s ext5t an article ( comm]ce betwe5 ! ,indian & ! t\ri/1 bore designs ( symbolical mean+4 ,x may be t ! vessels made today = _! own use also h su* mean+s1 b !re is e reason to believe t mu* ( ! w>e n[ turn$ out by ! ,san ,ildefonso pott]s = sale to t\ri/s be>s designs ( no special mean+4 ,x is true t ?r\gh bitt] exp]i5ce1 ! ,indians h le>n$ to gu>d c>efully _! religi\s & secul> philosophy1 & x w\ld require _m ye>s ( /udy1 liv+ ) !m1 to ga9 an intimate k ( _! beliefs4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !re are def9ite mean+s associat$ ) ! designs ^u comm]cial pott]y1 ! inhabitants ( ,san ,ildefonso h become pa/ ma/]s ( ! art ( concealm5t4 ,an attempt to obta9 "s idea ( ! g5]al reason :y vessels are decorat$ & ( :at 0 tak+ place 9 ! m9d ( ! pa9t] :ile at "w1 prov$ :olly fruitless4 ,inquiries z to ! mean+ ( :ole designs1 figures1 & elem5ts met ) ?ree k9ds ( response4 ,"o family1 :o h enjoy$ consid]able contact ) inve/igators ( ,indian cu/oms1 7 ready & eag] ) explanations ( ! mean+s ( v>i\s elem5ts4 ,!y c\ld n1 h[ev]1 expla9 ! mean+ ( ! entire design ^u any vessel4 ,o!r pott]s met ! inquiry ) a frank /atem5t ( ignorance1 su* z 8,i don't "k01 or 8,ask ! m51 ! wom5 don't "k04 ,a ?ird gr\p exhibit$ great unc]ta9ty4 ,^! p w\ld usually translate ! que/ions into ,tewa = ! b5efit ( ! re/ ( ! ,indians pres5t4 ,!n1 aft] mu* laught] & discussion1 ! pott] w\ld sometimes (f] a mean+1 at o!r times say no?+4 ,"o old man expla9$ ) great gu/o t ! design :i* he _h j f9i%$ ^u a small globul> olla repres5t$ f\r small cl\ds sail+ across ! sky1 "o beh9d ! o!r1 f we/ to ea/4 ,8 mann] 0 v simil> to t :i* "o ( u might adopt 9 tell+ an improbable y>n to a p>ticul>ly guileless li/5]4 ,"s pott]s gave mean+s = :ole figures4 ,ano!r pott]1 h[ev]1 compos$ h] figures z ! "w advanc$1 evid5tly ) no cle> idea1 :5 %e began x1 ( ! ultimate =m ( ! figures & !re=e probably ) no idea 9 reg>d to _! mean+4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t m9or v>iation 9 simil> figures on ! same vessel h "s mean+4 ,! m probable explanation w\ld seem to be t ^! v>iations are due to ! lack ( a visible patt]n4 ,at "o "t a pott] 0 di/9ctly annoy$ because %e notic$1 aft] complet+ a figure1 t %e _h fill$ ! wrong "p ( a small detail4 ,x is equally fallaci\s to lay too great importance ^u alt]nat+ figures 9 a panel design4 ,= example1 "o pott] 9 fill+ ! areas 9 a f\r-panel decoration fill$ ! same areas 9 ! fir/ & ?ird panels1 & diff]5t areas 9 ! second4 ,:5 %e began to fill ! areas ( ! f\r? panel 9 ! same way z ! fir/ & ?ird1 h] att5tion 0 call$ to ! areas 9 ! second1 ! ord] ( :i* %e obvi\sly consid]$ a mi/ake4 ,! result 0 t ! f\r? panel 0 fill$ z ! second _h be51 ?us giv+ ! vessel a panel-design ) alt]nat+ figures4 ,! fact t 9 excavations no two vessels h ev] be5 f\nd ) id5tical designs has be5 attribut$ to some?+ 9 ! ,indian's way ( ?9k+4 ,yet "o pott] at ,san ,ildefonso plac$ ^u "o con/rict$-m\!d b[l out ( a gr\p ( vessels a design id5tical ) t on a b[l ( ! same %ape 9 ! previ\s gr\p made4 ,among old] pots ! 8l9e-break01 a small space left 9 ! horizontal enclos+-l9e at ! lip ( ! vessel1 is a con/ant elem5t4 ,at ,san ,ildefonso its use has become almo/ obsolete b "o ( ! in=mants did employ x4 ,c>eful que/ion+ on ! subject ) ano!r pott] z int]pret]1 br\ght out ! fact t ! l9e-break is call$ a 8door01 ?r\gh :i* a _s may ent] or dep>t4 ,p]si/5t que/ion+ 9 reg>d to ! nature ( ! _s caus$ an animat$ discussion among ^? pres5t4 ,! pott] 0 cle>ly puzzl$ by ! que/ions4 ,!n1 aft] a s+le s5t5ce by h]1 ! ,indians all laugh$ he>tily4 ,f9ally1 ! int]pret] /at$ t ! pott] _h said1 9 effect1 t if ! door 0 go+ to cause all t tr\ble %e w\ld close x4 ,! matt] 0 f9ally settl$ by ! int]pret]1 :o po9t$ out a passage 9 ! adv]tis+ pamphlet ( a ,santa ,fe curio-deal] :i* expla9$ t ! l9e-break 0 a passage ?r\gh :i* ! spirits ( ! dead might pass4 ,! ready answ]s giv5 by "s pott]s 9 response to inquiries z to ! mean+ ( elem5ts ( a design1 seem to %[ t ! elem5ts are actually conv5tionaliz$ symbols ( def9ite objects4 ,9 "o in/ance ! pott]1 on notic+ a dance-co/ume ly+ on ! b$1 po9t$ out c]ta9 p>ts ( x1 & !n drew ! elem5ts repres5t+ ^? p>ts4 ,o!r pott]s simply d5y all k ( ! mean+ ( elem5ts4 ,/ill o!rs by _! hesitancy1 seem to grope = a plausible mean+ & (f] ! fir/ :i* occurs to !m4 ,:e!r ! elem5ts d repres5t def9ite objects or n1 x nev]!less rema9s a fact t ! mean+s giv5 cause app>5t contradictions4 ,to elem5ts ess5tially ! same widely diff]5t mean+s are (t5 giv5 &1 conv]sely1 ! same idea or object ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,elem5ts ( design commonly us$ by ! pott]s ( ,san ,ildefonso4 is (t5 repres5t$ by entirely diff]5t elem5ts4 ,?is is also true ( m complex figures4 ,! elem5ts illu/rat$ 9 figure #aa1 give examples ( ! type ( idea or object said to be repres5t$1 & incid5tally illu/rate "s ( ! contradictions spok5 ( above4 ,numb]s #a & #f bo? ref] to hills4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,no4 #g is a m\nta91 al?\gh x be>s little resemblance to ! 8hills04 ,x resembles m closely ,no4 #b :i* "o in=mant describ$ z a pueblo & ano!r z a kiva4 ,! same regul> zigzag appe>s 9 ,no4 #ab1 :i* repres5ts a tablita1 or dance mask1 ) small fea!rs ti$ to ! po9ts ( ! zigzags4 ,no4 #ag1 9 :i* ! zigzag also appe>s1 repres5ts kiva-/eps4 ,nos4 #aa & #af repres5t fea!rs1 & ,no4 #ba is a bun* ( fea!rs on ! end ( a dance-pole4 ,b ,no4 #bb repres5ts ! poles ( ! kiva-ladd]1 & ,no4 #c is ra91 :i* is fall+ a long way (f4 ,no4 #aj repres5ts fr+$ wool5 armlets1 & yet !re is z close a resemblance betwe5 ,nos4 #c & #aj1 z !re is betwe5 ,nos4 #ad & #ai1 bo? ( :i* repres5t ! tassels on a man's dance-belt4 ,no4 #h is call$ ra9-wat]1 b a s+le spiral1 z 9 ,no4 #be1 is a buffalo horn4 ,! dots ( ,no4 #ac repres5t ra9-drops 9 du/1 b 9 ,no4 #ba ! dots are m>k+s on fea!rs1 & 9 ,no4 #ae !y repres5t a procession ( bugs on ! rib ( a leaf4 ,no4 #ah repres5ts wat] dripp+ ?r\gh a hole 9 ! ro( & mak+ a small cup-l depression 9 ! floor1 repres5t$ by a semicircle1 or a :ole circle ) a dot 9 ! c5tre ( x2 b ,no4 #bc1 :i* is also a triangle1 is call$ a leaf1 z is also ! case ) ,no4 #ae4 ,& yet ,no4 #d is also a leaf1 al?\gh if plac$ horizontally x m closely resembles ! cl\ds repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #e4 ,b ,no4 #i is also a cl\d1 ?is "t a big black cl\d ) an op5 space 9 x ?r\gh :i* a small cl\d may be se54 ,nos4 #bj & #bd repres5t respectively ! sun & a />4 ,9 ! light ( ! small am\nt ( mat]ial obta9$ on ! subject ( symbolism1 all t c be said is t ! evid5ce is purely negative4 ,if ! elem5ts d repres5t def9ite ideas & objects1 :i* seems to ! writ] improbable1 ! mean+s are s deeply hidd5 t only an int5sive specializ$ /udy w result 9 an acceptable solution4 ,,mean+ ,,( ,,elem5ts 7,m4--,m>ia4 ,a4--,antonita7 #a--8;hillside01 ,m4 #b--8pueblo01 ,m42 8kiva01 ,a4 #c--8ra9 fall+ f> away01 ,a4 #d--8leaf01 ,m4 #e--8;cl\ds01 ,m42 ,a4 #f--8;hill01 ,m4 #g--8m\nta901 ,m4 #h--8ra9wat]01 ,a4 #i--8;black cl\d ) op5 space ?r\gh :i* "o c see a small cl\d01 ,a4 #aj--8;fr+$ wool5 dance armlets01 ,m4 #aa--8;fea!r01 ,m4 #ab--8tableta 7wood5 headdress7 ) fea!rs on po9ts01 ,m4 #ac--8ra9-drops on du/01 ,a4 #ad--8tassel on man's dance-belt01 ,m4 #ae--8leaf ) bugs on x01 ,m4 #af--8;fea!r01 ,m4 #ag--8kiva-/eps1 ! two small po9ts fireplaces01 ,a4 #ah--8wat] dripp+ ?r\gh holes 9 ro( & mak+ holes 9 dirt floor01 ,m4 #ai--8tassel on man's dance-belt01 ,m4 #bj--8sun01 ,a4 #ba--8;fea!rs on dance-pole1 spots are m>k+s on fea!rs01 ,m4 #bb--8ladd]-poles01 ,a4 #bc--8leaf01 ,m4 #bd--8/>01 ,a4 #be--8;buffalo horn01 ,a4 ,,bibliography ,,b9ns1 ,c4 ,f4 #aiaj4 ,! pott]'s craft4 ,new ,york1 #aiaj4 ,,h>r+ton1 ,j4 ,p4 #aiaf4 ,! e?nogeography ( ! ,tewa ,indians4 ,tw5ty-n9? ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology4 ,wa%+ton1 #aiaf4 #aiaf1 a4 ,e?nobotany ( ! ,tewa ,indians 7,9 collaboration ) ,w4 ,w4 ,robb9s & ,b4 ,fri]e-,m>reco74 ,bullet9 #ee1 ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology4 ,wa%+ton1 #aiaf4 ,,holmes1 ,w4 ,h4 #ahhf4 ,pott]y ( ! anci5t ,pueblos4 ,f\r? ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 pp4 #beg-cfj4 ,wa%+ton1 #ahhf4 ,,kidd]1 ,a4 ,v4 #aibd4 ,an introduction to ! /udy ( ,s\?we/]n ar*aeology1 ) a prelim9>y acc\nt ( ! excavations at ,pecos4 ,pap]s ( ! ,phillips ,academy ,s\?we/]n ,exp$ition1 no4 #a4 ,new ,hav51 #aibd4 ,,kidd]1 ,m4 ,a4 & ,a4 ,v4 #aiag4 ,notes on ! pott]y ( ,pecos4 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 n4s41 vol4 #ai1 no4 #c1 pp4 #cbe-cfj4 ,lanca/]1 #aiag4 ,,/ev5son1 ,j4 #ahhc4 ,illu/rat$ catalogue ( ! collections obta9$ f ! ,indians ( ,new ,mexico & ,arizona 9 #ahgi4 ,second ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 pp4 #cjg-dfe4 ,wa%+ton1 #ahhc4 #ahhd4 ,illu/rat$ catalogue ( ! collections obta9$ f ! pueblos ( ,zui1 ,new ,mexico1 & ,wolpi1 ,arizona1 9 #ahha4 ,?ird ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 pp4 #eaa-eid4 ,wa%+ton1 #ahhd4 ,,/ev5son1 ,m4 ,c4 #aijd4 ,! ,zui ,indians1 _! my?ology1 esot]ic frat]nities1 & c]emonies4 ,tw5ty-?ird ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology4 ,wa%+ton1 #aijd4 #aiae4 ,e?nobotany ( ! ,zui ,indians4 ,?irtie? ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 pp4 #ca-ajb4 ,wa%+ton1 #aiae4 ,,wooton1 ,e4 ,o4 ,,& ,,/&ley1 ,,paul ,c4 #aiae4 ,flora ( ,new ,mexico4 ,contributions f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,h]b>ium1 ,vol4 #ai4 ,wa%+ton #aiae4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,a brief hi/ory ( ,pecos1 & a description ( ! "w s f> done at ! site1 are conta9$ 9 8,an ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,s\?we/]n ,ar*aeology1 ) a ,prelim9>y ,acc\nt ( ! ,excavations at ,pecos01 by ,a4 ,v4 ,kidd]2 ,no4 #a ( ! pres5t s]ies4 #b ,kidd]1 #aibd4 #c ,kidd]1 ,m4 ,a4 & ,a4 ,v41 #aiag1 p4 #ccj4 #d ,a se>*+ /udy ( ,san ,ildefonso decoration has be5 made by ,k4 ,m4 ,*apman ( ,santa ,fe4 ,:5 ?is is publi%$ x w ?r[ mu* light on ! morphology ( ,pueblo design1 & ^u ! relation ( ,san ,ildefonso symbolism to t ( o!r ,rio ,gr&e pueblos4 #e ,a vocabul>y ( ! ,tewa t]ms = clays1 pa9ts1 & o!r +r$i5ts2 articles ( p>aph]nalia2 types ( pott]y2 processes ( pott]y mak+1 etc41 0 record$ by ,dr4 ,gu!1 & is available at ,&ov] = consultation4 #f ,see ,h>r+ton1 #aiaf1 ,map #ai1 po9t #fc4 ,"u ! ne>by po9t 7#fj2 p4 #cad7 he says3 8,clay 444 is obta9$ at ?is place2 j :]e c\ld n be le>n$40 #g ,/ev5son1 to :om ) ,mrs4 ,/ev5son we are indebt$ = practically our only comp>ative mat]ial1 wrote 9 #ahgi ( ,zui3 8,! clay mo/ly us$ by ! ,zuians 9 ! manufacture ( pott]y is a d>k1 blui%1 c>bonace\s clayey %ale f\nd 9 lay]s usually ne> ! tops ( ! mesas0 7#ahhc1 p4 #cbi74 ,lat]1 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son describ$ at "s l5g? ! c]emony ( secur+ pott]y clay 7#aijd1 p4 #cgd74 ,among ! ,san ,ildefonso ,indians ( today !re is no outw>d evid5ce ( any su* c]emony4 #h ,at ,zui ! +r$i5ts are gr\nd & mix$1 & ! clay is knead$ on a /one slab4 7,see pl4 #bh1 fac+ p4 #gf47 #i ,/ev5son said1 9 speak+ ( ,zui pott]y mak+3 8,?is c>bonace\s clay is fir/ mix$ ) wat] & knead$ z a bak] kneads d\gh until x rea*es ! prop] consi/5cy0 7#ahhc1 p4 #cbi74 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son describes ! prep>ation ( clay at ,zui z foll[s3 8,! clay is gr\nd to a p[d] & mix$ ) a small quantity ( pulv]iz$ pott]y1 fragm5ts ( ! latt] be+ c>efully ho>d$ = ?is purpose4 ,! p[d] ?us comp\nd$ is mix$ ) wat] en\gh to make a pa/y mass1 :i* is knead$ l d\gh4 ,! m c>e tak5 9 pulv]iz+ ! mat]ial & ! m "t sp5t 9 work+ x1 ! f9] becomes ! pa/e4 ,:5 ! mass rea*es su* a /ate ( consi/5cy t ! f+]s c no long] detect ! pres5ce ( gritty p>ticles1 x is /ill m delicately te/$ ) ! tongue1 & :5 f\nd to be satisfactory x is plac$ 9 a vessel & cov]$ ) a clo?1 :]e x w reta9 ! moi/ure until want$ = use0 7#aijd1 p4 #cgd-e74 #aj ,/ev5son 7#ahhc1 p4 #cbi7 says3 8,) ?is 7clay71 cru%$ volcanic lava is sometimes mix$2 b ! ,zuians m frequ5tly pulv]ize fragm5ts ( brok5 pott]y1 :i* h be5 pres]v$ = ?is purpose4 ,?is seems to prev5t explosion1 crack+1 or fracture by r5d]+ ! pa/e suffici5tly por\s to all[ ! heat to pass ?r\gh )\t injuri\s effect40 ,& aga93 8,! clays us$ by ! ,santa ,cl>a ,indians are ( a brick-r$ color1 conta9+ an admixture ( v f9e s&1 :i*1 no d\bt1 prev5ts crack+ 9 burn+1 & h5ce disp5ses ) ! necessity ( us+ lava or pott]y fragm5ts1 z is ! cu/om ( ! ,indians ( ! we/]n pueblos0 7#ahhc1 p4 #cca74 ,b9ns1 9 8,! ,pott]'s ,craft01 describ+ ! prep>ation ( clay1 says1 8,if ! clay prove v s&y x mu/ be wa%$1 444 b all ! s& %\ld n be remov$4 ,clay ) no s& 9 x w be apt to crack 9 dry+ & burn+4 ,clay ) too mu* s& w be %ort & brittle 9 work+4 ,if ! clay is v smoo? & %[s no s&1 a little f9e build]'s s& may be add$ ) advantage1 a def9ite proportion be+ us$ & record$0 7#aiaj1 p4 #dj74 #aa ,/ev5son1 9 8 catalogue ( ,zui collections1 enum]at$ 8,ti]ra am>illa1 or yell[ micace\s clay1 ( :i* ! ,rio ,gr&e ,indians make _m v>ieties ( vessels0 7#ahhc1 p4 #cfh74 #ab ,h>r+ton1 9 speak+ ( a clay-pit ne> ! village ( ,las ,tru*as1 writes3 8,x is said t at ?is place ! be/ r$ pott]y clay kn[n to ! ,tewa is obta9$4 ,x is pebbly1 b makes v /rong di%es1 & x is us$ especially = ollas4 ,x is said t ,tewa ( v>i\s pueblos visit ?is place frequ5tly & c>ry away ! clay4 ,! clay deposit is a mile or two s\!a/ ( ,tru*as t[n0 7#aiaf1 p4 #cdj74 ,?is may be ! claypit ref]r$ to by ! in=mant1 al?\gh ! clay1 :ile pebbly1 is by no means r$4 #ac ,/ev5son1 writ+ ( ! ,zui1 said ( _! :ite slip3 8,a pa9t or solution is !n made1 ei!r ( a f9e :ite calc>e\s e>?1 consi/+ ma9ly ( c>bonate ( lime1 or ( a milk-:ite indurat$ clay1 almo/ :olly insoluble 9 acids1 & app>5tly d]iv$ f decompos$ feldsp> ) a small proportion ( mica0 7#ahhc1 p4 #cbi74 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son1 9 a lat] publication1 said3 8,a :ite clay is dissolv$ 9 wat] & !n made into cones :i* are dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,:5 requir$ = use ^! cones are rubb$ to p[d] on a /one1 aga9 mix$ ) wat]1 & appli$ 9 a liquid /ate to ! object0 7#aijd1 p4 #cge74 #ad ,h>r+ton m5tions ?is b$ z 8a deposit ( bright r$ pa9t situat$ ab\t two miles ea/ ( ,santa ,fe1 ! in=mants ?9k nor? ( ,santa ,fe ,creek1 9 high l& a few hundr$ y>ds f t creek4 ,?is pa9t 0 us$ = body pa9t+4 ,x is said t ,jic>illa ,apa*e /ill g to ! deposit to get ?is pa9t & sometimes sell x to ! ,tewa0 7#aiaf1 p4 #ced74 ,/ev5son is speak+ ( ! black w>e ( ,santa ,cl>a & o!r ,rio ,gr&e pueblos1 m5tions 8a solution ( v f9e o*re-color$ clay0 7#ahhc1 p4 #cca71 :i* 0 probably ?is same sub/ance4 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son also m5tions 8r$ o*re0 7#aijd1 p4 #cge74 #ae ,/ev5son1 writ+ ( ! ,zuis 9 #ahha1 said3 8,! mat]ial us$ to produce ! r$ or br[n colors is a yell[i% impure clay1 color$ f oxide ( iron2 inde$ x is ma9ly clay1 b conta9s "s s& & a v small am\nt ( c>bonate ( lime02 x 8is g5]ally f\nd 9 a h>d1 /ony condition1 & is gr\nd 9 a small /one mort> 444 & mix$ ) wat] s z to =m a ?9 solution0 7#ahhc1 p4 #ccj74 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son add$ lat]3 8,f]rug9\s clays :i* on heat+ burn to yell[1 r$1 or br[n are employ$ = decorat+0 7#aijd1 p4 #cge74 #af ,p]itoma s]rulatum 7,pur%72 synonyms3 ,cleome s]rulata1 & ,cleome integrifolia2 7,wooton & ,/&ley1 #aiae1 p4 #bij74 ,/ev5son wrote3 8,x is said t among ! ,co*iti1 ,santa ,cl>a1 & "s o!r pueblos a vegetable matt] is employ$ to produce "s ( _! decorative designs2 ?is1 h[ev]1 ,i 0 unable to v]ify1 ?\gh "s ( ! ,indians assur$ me ( ! fact1 & furni%$ me a bun* ( ! plant1 :i* ,dr4 ,vasey1 ( ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t1 f\nd to be ,cleome integrifolia1 a plant common ?r\gh\t ! ,we/]n ,t]ritories0 7#ahhc1 p4 #cca74 ,aga91 8,t ( ! decorat$ class is ornam5t$ ) ! juice ( ,cleome integrifolia1 :i* is fix$ to ! w>e 9 ! process ( burn+0 7loc4 cit41 p4 #dcj74 ,h>r+ton writes3 8,?is is a v important plant to ! ,tewa1 inasmu* z black pa9t = pott]y decoration is made f x4 ,l>ge quantities ( "y plants are collect$1 usually 9 ,july4 ,! plants are boil$ well 9 wat]2 ! woody p>ts are !n remov$ & ! decoction is aga9 all[$ to boil until x becomes ?ick & atta9s a black color4 ,?is ?ick fluid is p\r$ on a bo>d to dry & soon becomes h>d5$4 ,x may be kept 9 h>d cakes = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,:5 ne$$ ^! are soak$ 9 hot wat] until ( ! consi/5cy ne$$ = pa9t4 ,guaco is also us$ z a food4 ,! h>d5$ cakes are soak$ 9 hot wat]1 & !n fri$ 9 grease4 ,! f9ely gr\nd plants are mix$ ) wat] & ! liquid is drunk z a rem$y = /oma* disord]s2 or sometimes fre% plants wrapp$ 9 a clo? are appli$ to ! abdom50 7#aiaf1 a1 pp4 #eh1 #ei74 7,x %\ld be not$ t ! acc\nts obta9$ by ! writ] f ! in=mants ( ,san ,ildefonso d n agree 9 detail ) ! "o giv5 by ,h>r+ton47 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son wrote ( ,zui3 8,wat] f boil$ ,cleome s]rulata 7,mexican "n waco7 is mix$ ) black pigm5t 7a manganif]\s clay conta9+ organic matt]7 9 decorat+ pott]y0 7#aijd1 p4 #cge72 & 9 m detail3 8,! entire plant1 m9us ! root1 is boil$ = a consid]able "t1 & ! wat] 9 :i* x is cook$ is all[$ to evaporate4 ,! firm pa/e secur$ f precipitation is us$ 9 conjunction ) a black m9]al pa9t = decorat+ pott]y0 7#aiae1 p4 #ib74 #ag ,/ev5son1 9 #ahgi1 saw ! ,rio ,gr&e ,pueblo pott]s use 8co>sely brok5 dri$ manure obta9$ f ! corrals01 & add$ t = ! poli%$ black w>e 8ano!r application ( fuel1 f9ely pulv]iz$1 is made0 7#ahhc1 p4 #cca74 #ah ,/ev5son1 9 #ahgi1 obs]v$ at ,zui t 8! bottoms ( old wat] j>s & b[ls =m /&s = ! articles :ile be+ work$ by ! pott]4 ,! b[ls are fill$ ) s& :5 objects ( a globul> =m are to be made0 7#ahhc1 p4 #cbi74 ,at ,pojuaque 7a ,tewa pueblo ne> ,san ,ildefonso1 n[ ne>ly ext9ct7 he collect$ two 8pott]y m\lds = bottoms ( vessels0 7loc4 cit4 p4 #dci74 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son also notic$ ^! olla bottoms at ,zui 7#aijd1 p4 #cgd74 #ai ,h>r+ton writes3 8,v>i\sly %ap$ section ( g\rd are us$ by wom5 to smoo? & %ape pott]y 9 ! mak+0 7#aiaf1 a1 p4 #ajb74 ,/ev5son1 9 #ahgi1 not$ at ,zui 8a small tr[el fa%ion$ f a piece ( g\rd or fragm5t ( pott]y1 ! only tool employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( pott]y0 7#ahhc1 p4 #cbi74 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son also speaks ( ^! tr[els 7#aijd1 p4 #cgd74 #bj ,/ev5son1 9 speak+ ( ! mak+ ( pott]y at ,santa ,cl>a1 m5tions 8! process ( poli%+--) smoo?1 f9e-gra9$ /ones01 7#ahhc1 p4 #cca74 ,9 8 catalogue ( /one objects collect$ at ,zui 9 #ahha1 he diff]5tiates betwe5 8small /ones us$ 9 poli%+ pott]y01 8small /ones us$ 9 poli%+ unburn$ vessels01 & ! 8small poli%] = glaz+ & smoo?+ pott]y01 giv+ ?ree diff]5t ,indian names = ! ?ree k9ds4 ,he does n1 h[ev]1 expla9 ! diff]5ce 7#ahhd1 pp4 #ebe1 #ebf74 ,he also catalogues 8fifte5 rubb+ or smoo?+ /ones = pott]y0 obta9$ at ,walpi 7#ahhd1 p4 #ehg74 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son rem>k$3 8,poli%+ /ones are us$ to f9i% ! surface0 ( vessels at ,zui 7#aijd1 p4 #cge74 #ba ,/ev5son1 9 #ahgi at ,zui1 not$ t ! pa9t 0 appli$ to pott]y 8) bru%es made ( ! leaves ( ! yucca4 ,^! bru%es are made ( flat pieces ( ! leaf1 :i* are /ripp$ (f & bruis$ at "o end1 & are ( diff]5t sizes adapt$ to ! co>se or f9e l9es ! arti/ may wi% to draw0 7#ahhc1 p4 #ccj74 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son wrote1 aga9 ( ,zui3 8,yucca glauca ,nutt4 ,soapwe$4444 ,! bru%es employ$ = decorat+ pott]y are made f ! leaves ( ?is plant1 :i*1 = ?is purpose1 are cut ! prop] l5g?s & fr+$ at "o end0 7#aiae1 p4 #hb74 #bb ,mrs4 ,/ev5son says ! ,zuis us$ a 8rabbit sk9 mop0 7#aijd1 p4 #cge74 #bc ,mrs4 ,/ev5son wrote ( ,zui3 8,! pieces to be fir$ are plac$ ^u /ones to raise !m a few in*es f ! gr\nd01 imply+ ! abs5ce ( a grate 7#aijd1 p4 #cgf74 #bd ,i use ! words 8v skillfully0 advis$ly4 ,repeat$ attempts on my "p to imitate ! process result$ 9 rolls ( exce$+ly v>iable diamet]4 ,at ,zui ! roll is made by ! app>5tly simpl] & m effici5t me?od ( roll+ ! clay back & =? on a flat /one slab ) "o h& 7see pl4 #bi1 a74 #be ,zui pott]s apply ! roll to ! outside in/ead ( ! inside ( ! gr[+ vessel wall2 o!rwise ! h&l+ ( ! roll is exactly z at ,san ,ildefonso 7see pl4 #bi1 b74 #bf ,?r\gh\t ?is report1 ! puki is spok5 ( z mov+ 8clockwise0 or 8c\nt]clockwise0 & ! sectors work$ 9 are ref]r$ to ! num]als on ! face ( ! clock1 z1 8! six-to-eight-o'clock sector04 ,! po9t ( view tak5 is t ( ! pott] ) 8six o'clock0 ref]r+ to t "p ( ! b[l ne>e/ h]4 #bg ,! 8rim0 ( an unf9i%$ vessel means ! upp] edge ( ! la/ roll add$ to x4 #bh ,see1 h[ev]1 pl4 #bi4 b2 ! ,zui pott] 9 ?is case has n oblit]at$ ! prec$+ rolls4 #bi ,/ev5son1 #ahhc1 p4 #cca4 #cj ,m4 ,c4 ,/ev5son1 #aijd1 p4 #cge4 #ca ,b9ns1 #aiaj1 pp4 #fi-ga4 #cb ,! process is id5tical at ,zui1 see pl4 #cj1 a4 #cc ,f ! e>lie/ p]iods ,s\?we/]n pott]y has be5 made 9 m or less ! mann] j describ$1 t is1 by ! addition ( successive r+s ( clay4 ,dur+ prehi/oric times1 h[ev]1 !re 0 develop$ a w>e usually kn[n z 8corrugat$01 9 ! build+ ( :i* ! roll 0 s l5g!n$ z to become a spiral coil4 ,! roll ( pa/e =m+ ! coil 0 v ?91 av]ag+ a little ov] "o-qu>t] ( an in* 9 diamet]2 & x 0 appli$ to ! outside ( ! tempor>y rim1 z at ,zui 7see pl4 #bi1 b71 in/ead ( to ! inside1 z at ,san ,ildefonso4 ,fur!rmore1 ! junctions betwe5 ! coils 7 n oblit]at$ on ! ext]ior ( ! vessel1 ?us produc+ a ridg$ or corrugat$ effect4 ,corrugat$ pott]y 0 pr9cipally us$ = cook+ pots 7see ,holmes1 #ahhf1 p4 #bgc74 #cd ,"o in=mant /at$ t ^! b[ls1 bo? ) & )\t ! t]races1 7 =m]ly1 & are /ill1 us$ to hold sacr$ meal4 #ce ,! two-m\!d vase is r>ely made at ,san ,ildefonso4 ,x is a type m commonly produc$ by ! pott]s ( ,santa ,cl>a4 #cf ,pot%]ds f pre-,spani% ru9s %[ t h&les h be5 appli$ to vessels 9 ! ways describ$ above = _m c5turies4 ,! lug-type ( h&le1 :i* is frequ5tly f\nd 9 anci5t pott]y1 is no long] made at ,san ,ildefonso4 ,! probabilities are1 h[ev]1 t ^! lugs 7 weld$ to ! ext]ior ( ! vessel1 z 9 ! fir/ me?od describ$1 r ?an rivet$ on z 9 ! second me?od4 #cg ,! pott] plac$ ! responsibility = ?is crack ^u a kitt5 :i* _h jump$ into ! olla dur+ ! night4 ,9 ! animal's attempt to climb out1 ! vessel suff]$ "s r sev]e bumps4 ,! /ory ( ! kitt5's adv5ture 0 told be=e ! crack 0 notic$4 ,lat] x 0 us$ to expla9 ! pres5ce ( ! imp]fection4 #ch ,! expression 8get w>m0 comes f ! fact t :ile ! vessel is damp ! evaporat+ moi/ure causes x to feel cool2 :5 ?or\ghly dry x feels w>m4 #ci ,! r$ slips are n us$ today 9 ! designs1 al?\gh "s ( ! old] vessels conta9 r$ elem5ts :i* appe> to h be5 made ( ! d>k-r$ slip4 #dj ,/ev5son says ( ! ,zui3 8,?is solution 7( a f9e :ite calc>e\s e>?7 is appli$ to ! surface ( ! vessel & all[$ to dry2 x is !n ready = ! decorations0 7#ahhc1 pp4 #cbi1 #ccj74 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son1 writ+ at a lat] date1 gives m details3 8,a :ite clay is dissolv$ 9 wat] & !n made into cones :i* are dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,:5 requir$ = use ^! cones are rubb$ to p[d] on a /one1 aga9 mix$ ) wat]1 & appli$ 9 a liquid /ate to ! object ) a rabbit-sk9 mop4 ,poli%+-/ones are us$ to f9i% ! surface0 7#aijd1 p4 #cge74 #da ,at ,santa ,cl>a & ,san ,juan "s poli%$ w>e is poli%$ only f ! rim to ! %\ld] & ! l[] half is app>5tly unslipp$4 #db ,/ev5son 9 speak+ ( ! poli%$ black pott]y ( ! ,rio ,gr&e pueblos says3 8,a solution ( v f9e o*re-color$ clay is appli$ to ! outside & inside ne> ! top1 or to su* p>ts ( ! surface z are to be poli%$4 ,:ile ?is solution ?us appli$ is /ill moi/1 ! process ( poli%+ beg9s by rubb+ ! "p ?us wa%$ ) smoo?1 f9e-gra9$ /ones until q dry & glossy4 ,! p>ts ?us rubb$ /ill reta9 ! orig9al r$ color ( ! clay4 ,! vessels are aga9 plac$ 9 ! sun & all[$ to become ?or\ghly dry1 :5 !y are ready = bak+0 7#ahhc1 p4 #cca74 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son also gives an acc\nt some:at simil>3 8,9 _m ( ! pueblos ! pott]y is undecorat$1 ! surface be+ f9i%$ 9 pla9 r$ or black4 ,! w>e is made ( a yell[i% clay1 9 ! mann] h]et(ore describ$1 & ! vessels are plac$ 9 ! sun1 :]e !y rema9 = h\rs4 ,!y are !n wa%$ ) a solution ( r$ o*re1 & :ile wet ! process ( poli%+ beg9s1 ! woman ) untir+ en]gy go+ ov] ! surface aga9 & aga9 ) h] poli%+-/one1 e little :ile pass+ a wet clo? ov] ! vessel to keep ! surface moi/4 ,:5 ! poli%+ is complet$1 ! vessel is aga9 plac$ 9 ! sun = a %ort "t be=e receiv+ its f9al bak+ 9 ! ov50 7#aijd1 p4 #cge47 #dc ,?is second pott]1 h[ev]1 did use l>d 9 poli%+ vessels to :i* ! r$ slip _h be5 appli$4 #dd ,! sub/itution ( ! *amois = a clo? 0 inaugurat$ by ! pott] us+ x4 #de ,! use ( ?is pa9t = produc+ designs ^u poli%$ black w>e 0 discov]$ by ,m>ia ,m>t9ez 9 ,june1 #aiba4 ,on inquir+ :y o!r pott]s did n copy ! process1 x 0 le>n$ t because ( c]ta9 taboo-l re/rictions ! secret ( mak+ ?is k9d ( w>e w\ld n be disclos$ until a ye> aft] its discov]y4 ,al?\gh ! matt] c\ld n be fur!r inve/igat$ because ( ! unwill+ness ( ! ,indians to discuss su* ?+s1 x w\ld appe> t we h 9 ?is case a sort ( primitive pat5t-"r4 ,at ! pres5t "t 7#aibe7 practically all ,san ,ildefonso pott]s make ?is w>e1 :i* has prov$ extraord9>ily popul>2 ,m>ia1 h[ev]1 /ill produces by f> ! f9e/ pieces 7see pl4 #h1 a74 #df ,occasionally su* precautions are disreg>d$1 app>5tly ?r\gh laz9ess4 ,"o pott] did h] pa9t+ 9 ! same room 9 :i* "s meat 0 be+ cook$4 ,! comb9$ odors ( ! cook+ meat & ! guaco attract$ all ! flies 9 ! neighborhood1 b =tunately scre5s kept "s ( !m out ( ! room4 #dg ,/ev5son gives no details ( ! pa9t+ at ,zui2 8,:5 ! pigm5t is prop]ly r$uc$1 & mix$ ) wat] s z to =m a ?9 solution1 x is appli$ ) bru%es made ( ! leaves ( ! yucca4 ,^! bru%es are made ( flat pieces ( ! leaf1 :i* are /ripp$ (f & bruis$ at "o end1 & are ( diff]5t sizes adapt$ to ! co>se or f9e l9es ! arti/ may wi% to draw4 ,9 ?is mann] all ! decorations on ! pott]y are produc$0 7#ahhc1 p4 #ccj74 ,mrs4 ,/ev5son is j z brief3 8,aft] a ?or\gh dry+ ( ?is f\ndation1 ! slip1 ! designs are pa9t$ ) bru%es made ( yucca ne$les1 ! pigm5ts hav+ be5 gr\nd 9 /one mort>s & made into a pa/e ) wat] to :i* a syrup ( yucca fruit is add$0 7#aijd1 p4 #cge74 ,! /one mort> = pigm5t gr9d+ may be se5 9 pl4 #ca1 a4 #dh ,on pp4 #gh to #hd w be f\nd notes on ! actual pa9t+ ( sev]al typical designs4 #di ,"o woman tri$ h] be/ to tea* me h[ to tell ^! %ades ap>t1 b x prov$ utt]ly impossible = me to di/+ui% ! d>k] f ! light]4 #ej ,?is v>iant 9 poli%$ black w>e is a new dep>ture4 ,x 0 discov]$1 probably accid5tally1 by "o ( ! ,san ,ildefonso pott]s e>ly 9 ! summ] ( #aiba4 ,! process by :i* ! r$ blot* is made has n z yet be5 br\ght completely "u control4 #ea ,x is int]e/+ to note t 9 mak+ ! prelim9>y p5cil draft1 %e uses entirely diff]5t /rokes f ^? made by ! bru%4 #eb ,! subject ( symbolism is t\*$ ^u 9 ?is report only ) ! greate/ diffid5ce4 ,no two /ud5ts ( ,s\?we/]n c]amics seem to ent]ta9 ! same !ory1 9 all details1 ^u ?is subject4 ,! /atem5ts made "h are giv5 = :at !y may be wor?4 ,! "t devot$ to ! "w did n p]mit ( a c>eful & exhau/ive /udy ( ! subject4 #ec ,"o pott]1 aft] glanc+ at a small vessel :i* 0 und\bt$ly old1 in=m$ ! writ] t x _h once belong$ to ! 8summ] p01 a social-religi\s division ( ! community4