,,buddhism ,,& ,,*ri/ianity ,a ,,p>allel ,,& ,a ,,contra/ ,,buddhism ,,& ,,*ri/ianity ,a ,,p>allel ,,& ,a ,,contra/ ,,be+ ,,! ,,croall ,,lecture ,,= #ahhi-ij ,,by ,,ar*ibald ,,scott1 ,d4,d4 ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,/4 ,,george',s ,,p>i%1 ,,ed9burgh ,,ed9burgh3 ,,david ,,d\glas ,,mdcccxc ,all rights res]v$4 ,,preface ,9 endeav\r+ to sket* 9 s limit$ a space ev5 ! mo/ sali5t features ( ! _m-sid$ religion ( ,buddhism x is possible t "h & !re ,i may h misrepres5t$ x4 ,if s1 ,i hope ! fault w be attribut$ to inadv]t5ce1 or r to disadvantages "u :i* ,i h work$4 ,! sacr$ beliefs ( any section ( mank9d are entitl$ to receive at our h&s n only ju/ice b k9dly consid]ation1 & a religion s va/ & 9 "s respects s wond]ful z ,buddhism ought to h mu* to comm5d x to our sympa?y4 ,long & pati5t /udy ( x has inde$ greatly modifi$ op9ions orig9ally =m$ conc]n+ x1 b x has only t5d$ to increase respect = s e>ne/ an ef=t ( ! intellect to solve ! my/]y ( human life & de/9y4 ,ev5 ,*ri/ians may h some?+ to le>n f ,buddhi/s4 ,! div]s & seem+ly antagoni/ic ,*ur*es ( ,*ri/5dom help to educate & re=m ea* o!r1 & non-,*ri/ian religions may p]=m a simil> (fice to ,*ri/ianity 9 br++ into prom95ce "s univ]sal tru?s :i* its cre$s h all[$ to slip into =getfulness4 ,our p]ception & appreh5sion ( :at ,*ri/ianity really is w be all ! cle>] & firm] = an imp>tial /udy ( ! sy/em =mulat$ s long ago by ,gotama ! ,buddha4 ,! aim ( ! ,lecture has n be5 to use ! extravagances ( ,buddhism z a foil to set (f ! excell5cies ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,t ,*ri/ianity z a religion is imm5sely sup]ior to ,buddhism goes )\t say+1 unless 9 ! case ( a v small & conceit$ & purbl9d m9ority4 ,i h tri$ by a fair exposition ( :at is be/ & highe/ 9 ?is religion to discov] its feel+ aft] some?+ bett] & high] /ill1 & to sugge/ r ?an indicate ! place :i* x occupies 9 ! religi\s education ( humanity4 ,z 8,man ha? all :i* nature ha?1 b m1 ,& 9 t m lie all 8 hopes ( good10 s ,*ri/ianity1 :ile hav+ 9 x 9 full] measure & cle>] =m e tru? t has vivifi$ any o!r religion1 has 9 x1 z ! new creation to :i* ! long travail ( ! s\l "u e =m ( fai? has f ! fir/ be5 po9t+1 some?+ peculi> & contra/$--:i* is ! ,div9e answ] to all _! aspirations4 ,?is we d n ne$ to demon/rate3 inde$ x may be a v]ity1 z incapable ( demon/ration z is t ( ! exi/5ce ( ,deity or ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,x is sure ev5tually to be almo/ univ]sally recognis$1 & mean:ile1 :e!r accept$ or d5i$1 we may say--,e pur si muove4 99 99 99 99 99 ,v gratefully w\ld ,i ackn[l$ge my pr(\nd obligations to all :o h in/ruct$ me 9 ?is subject4 ,?\gh we no long] reg>d ! ,saddh>ma-,pund>ika & ,lalita ,vi/>a z good specim5s ( ,buddhism1 we /ill v5]ate ! great s*ol>s :o fir/ introduc$ !m to our notice4 ,! spl5did productions ( ,burn\f1 ,f\caux1 ,kpp51 ,/anislas ,juli51 ,hodgson & ,turn\r2 ! excell5t works ( ,sp5ce ,h>dy1 ,gog]ly1 ,big&et & ,h4 ,h4 ,wilson1 &1 among ! be/ ( all1 ! labori\s & fai?ful ,diction>y ( ,pr(essor ,*ild]s1 ?\gh sev]al ( !m are un=tunately out ( pr9t1 are n likely to be soon out ( date4 ,x is ) pleasure t we f9d !m s frequ5tly quot$ or ref]r$ to by our late/ & be/ au?orities4 ,/ill1 ev] s9ce ,pr(essor ,max ,mll] organis$ 8 truly ca?olic ent]prise ( ! translation ( ! ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 he has br\ght u v consid]ably ne>] to real ,buddhi/ tea*]s !mselves4 ,to praise ! s*ol>%ip ( himself1 & ,old5b]g1 & ,rhys ,davids1 & ,k]n1 & ,fausbll1 & o!rs ( 8 collaborateurs1 w\ld be unw>rantable presumption on my "p2 b z a humble disciple v will+ to le>n1 ,i am glad to h ?is opportunity ( publicly express+ my appreciation ( ! great s]vices :i* 9 _! editions ( old ,ea/]n texts1 & 9 ^! s]ies ( translations1 !y are r5d]+ to ! cause ( religion4 ,! lectures 7 draft$ & 9 great "p writt5 be=e ,i read ! v valuable works ( ,sir ,moni] ,williams on ,buddhism & ( ,dr4 ,kellogg on ! ,light ( ,asia & ! ,light ( ! ,_w4 ,i specially m5tion ^! books z likely to prove v useful guides to any "o desir\s ( prosecut+ ! subject ( ! pres5t ,lecture4 ,9 ! notes ,i h m>k$ my indebt$ness to !m1 & to _m au?ors ( :at has already become a great lit]ature4 ,_m o!rs ^: works h be5 ( s]vice to me 9 a c\rse ( read+ ext5d+ ov] _m ye>s are n not$1 simply because 9 ! caprices ( memory my peculi> obligations to !m c\ld n at ! "t be recall$4 ,= 9 reg>d to ,buddhism ,i d n pr(ess to add any orig9al in=mation to ! /ock already acquir$4 ,o!rs h extract$ ! ore f ^! old & int]e/+ fields1 & m9t$ x into gold & silv]4 ,:at has ?us be5 r5d]$ available _m l myself c only r$uce into copp] or bronze1 b if only our "w be fai?fully done1 we may ?us help 9 increas+ ! curr5cy & 9 ext5d+ its circulation4 ,) ?is 9 view ,i accept$ ! hon\r :i* ! ,croall ,tru/ees conf]r$ ^u me 9 call+ me to und]take ?is ,lecture1 & if ! only effect ( my ef=ts be to /imulate o!r m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* m advantage\sly situat$ to prosecute _! rese>*es to mu* bett] purpose1 no "o w be m pleas$ ?an myself4 ,,ar*ibald ,,scott4 ,,ed9burgh1 #be? ,decemb] #ahhi4 ,,cont5ts ,,lecture ,i4 ,,introductory3 ,,necessity ,,= ,a ,,prop] ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,buddhism ,,& ,,*ri/ianity4 ,s*op5hau]'s pr$iction z to ! influ5ce ( ,ori5tal /udies ^u ,european religion & philosophy--,new sci5ce ( ,comp>ative ,!ology--,its value to ! exp\nd]s ( ,*ri/ianity--,/udy ( all religions b9d+ ^u ,*ri/ians--,special claims ( ,buddhism--,its duration & wide-spread diffusion--,! quality ( its doctr9al & e?ical sy/em--,! correspond5ces betwe5 x & ,*ri/ianity--,in/ructive p>allels ( hi/orical developm5t--,resemblances1 if grant$ or assum$1 n to be acc\nt$ = by !ory ( d]ivation--,r5an--,e4 ,burn\f--,erne/ de ,buns5--,bo? religions indep5d5t 9 orig91 ?\gh analog\s 9 developm5t--,:at ! significance ( ?is--,true answ] to be f\nd1 n by exam9+ alleg$ resemblances betwe5 ! religions1 b _! po9ts ( contradiction & contra/--,unity ( humanity involves organic unity ( language & ( religion--,:at is meant by organic unity & developm5t ( religion--,decl>ations ( ,scripture--,*ri/ianity z ! univ]sal religion has mu* 9 common ) all--has some?+ peculi> to itself :i* x possesses 9 contra/--,9 ?is w be f\nd n only its sup]iority to all ! re/1 b ! answ] to all _! crav+s & aspirations1 ,pages #a-eh ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,hi/orical ,,antec$5ts ,,( ,,buddhism ,,& ,,*ri/ianity1 ,,& ,,! ,,evid5tial ,,value ,,( ,,_! ,,respective ,,scriptures4 ,bo? religions inh]it$ & produc$ scriptures--,*ri/ian scriptures criticis$ = eighte5 c5turies--,buddhi/ scriptures z yet only 9 "p available = exam9ation--,admissions made by translators 9 reg>d to !m--,/rong contra/s betwe5 two sets ( scriptures1 9 respect ( au!nticity & g5u95ess--,impossible to reg>d ! two z ( simil> canonical or au?oritative value--,9 ,buddhism only oral traditions = c5turies--,effect ( ! lack ( a real canon 9 primitive ,buddhism--,effect ( a fix$ & writt5 canon 9 ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ianity--,antec$5ts ( ,buddhism--,v$ic ,india--,brahmanic ,india--,developm5t ( ,brahmanic speculation--,its highe/ rea* 9 philosophical ,brahmanism--,! ,upani%ads--,pursuit ( ,atman--,antec$5ts ( ,*ri/ianity--,patri>*al belief 9 ,deity--,mosaic /age ( religi\s belief--,! religion ( ,moses & ! prophets too pure = ! p "u ! k+s--,de/ruction ( ! k+dom--,effect ( ,captivity on ! prophets--on ! p--,diff]5ce betwe5 ! beliefs & hopes ( ! ,diaspora & ^? ( ! return$ ,pale/9ian ,jews--,prep>ation ( ! ,empire & _w beyond x = ! dawn ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,pages #ei-abe ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,! ,,buddha ,,( ,,! ,,pitakas3 ,,! ,,*ri/ ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,pale/9e at ! bir? ( ,*ri/--,india at ! bir? ( ,gotama--,l1 yet unlike--,analogies 9 developm5t ( previ\s beliefs & speculation--,contra/s--,gotama's life & m9i/ry contra/$ ) ! life & m9i/ry ( ,jesus--,! diff]5ce betwe5 _! p]sonal relations to ! religions :i* !y f\nd$--8,i take refuge 9 ,buddha0--8,i believe 9 ,*ri/0--,! sup]natural 9 bo? religions--,pre-exi/5ce1 inc>nation1 & miracles ascrib$ to ,buddha--,s\rces ( in=mation z to ^! beliefs exam9$ & comp>$ ) ! ,gospel acc\nts--,relation ( ! miracles to ea* religion--,nature ( ! miracles !mselves--,gr[? ( ,buddhi/ leg5ds describ$ by ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids--,impli$ gr[? ( ! ,*ri/ian leg5ds exam9$--,ess5tial contra/s manife/ all ?r\gh--,buddha c be acc\nt$ =1 b ,*ri/ is ! ,miracle ( ,hi/ory1 ,pages #abf-aia ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,! ,,dh>ma ,,( ,,buddha3 ,,! ,,gospel ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,gotama's discov]y at ,bohim&a--,! ,f\r ,sacr$ ,v]ities--,! noble ,eightfold ,way--,8 !ory ( life diff]5t f b n :olly antagoni/ic to t ( speculative ,brahmanism--,exi/5ce n illusion1 b ess5tially evil--,transmigration--8,mod]n ,buddhi/s'0 def5ce ( ! dogma--,contra/ betwe5 x & ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,fall--,*ri/ianity 9 its sore/ /ruggle ) evil hopeful--,buddhism hopeless--a!i/ic--mat]iali/ic1 yet has its own way1 n ( victory1 b ( retreat & escape--,doctr9e ( ,k>ma analog\s to ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,h]$ity1 yet really contra/$--,goal ( all ,buddhi/ aspiration & ef=t--,nirvana1 po9t-blank contradiction to ,*ri/ian goal1 yet way to x analog\s--,arhat%ip z ess5tial 9 ,buddhism z hol9ess is 9 ,*ri/ianity--,noble quality ( ,buddhi/ e?ical code--,its approa* to ! ,*ri/ian rule--,a law n = all--,its degrees or pa?s ( p]fection--,uprightness--,m$itation--,en light5m5t--,*ri/'s way ( salvation & sanctification by ! ,holy ,_s ?r\gh ! tru?--,ess5tial defects ( ,buddhi/ s*eme1 ,pages #aib-beb ,,lecture ,v4 ,,! ,,buddhi/ ,,sangha3 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* ! fruit ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,sangha ! root out ( :i* ,buddhism sprang--,! ,sangha n a ,*ur* b an ,ord]--,diff]5t f ! _m ,ord]s !n exi/+1 yet ) a lik5ess to !m :i* x nev] lo/--,r5unciation ( secul> life an indisp5sable qualification = memb]%ip--,analog\s to yet ess5tially diff]5t f ,mona*ism 9 ,*ri/ianity1 & 9 utt] contra/ to ! idea & reality ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*--,! ,sangha z !oretically op5 to all1 & propag&i/ 9 its purpose1 a precursor ( ! ,*ur*--,actual disqualifications = memb]%ip--,c]emonial ( admission--,! 8outgo+0 f ! _w--,c]emonial ( ,confirmation--,! 8arrival0--,! novitiate or tutelage--,! rule ( ! ,sangha--,no v[s ( ob$i5ce to sup]iors--,/r+5t v[s ( pov]ty & *a/ity--,diff]5ce betwe5 a ,buddhi/ ,vih>a & a ,*ri/ian mona/]y--,fav\rable features ( ,buddhi/ mona/ic life--,! ,uposa?a ga!r+--,! ,ptimokkha cate*is+--,! ,pavrna invitation--,relation ( wom5 to ! ,sangha--,in/itution ( ,ord] ( ,bikkhuni--,! relation ( ! laity to ! ,sangha--,! ,buddhi/ layman's only possible 8m]it10 & 8 only hope1 ,pages #bec-cac ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,,! ,,religions ,,9 ,,hi/ory4 ,ext]nal diffusion--,bo? religions mission>y--,va/ly diff]5t 9 respect ( _! messages--,buddhi/ endeav\r to p]petuate a sy/em--,*ri/ian endeav\r to set =? & int]pret ! facts ( a miracul\s life--,effect ( belief 9 ,*ri/'s cont9u$ pres5ce ^u ! ,*ur*--,rapid diffusion ( ,*ri/ianity dur+ ! fir/ f\r c5turies--,condition ( ,buddhism dur+ a simil> p]iod--,spread ( ,*ri/ianity aft] ,con/ant9e--,spread ( ,buddhism aft] ,asoka--,diff]5ce 9 ! peoples affect$ by bo? religions--,inf]5ces--,int]nal hi/ory--,buddhism & ,brahmanism--,*ri/ianity & ,judaism--,9 ,buddhism an e>ly ab&onm5t ( fundam5tal pr9ciples manife/--,recoil ( human nature f its ,a!ism into ,poly!ism & ,tantrism--,degradation ( ,s\!rn & ,nor!rn ,buddhism--,buddhism 9 ,tibet--,*ri/ianity 9 ,abyss9ia--,hi/ory ( ,*9ese ,buddhism f f\r? c5tury ,a4,d4 analog\s to t ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,europe f same date--,det]ioration ( bo? religions simil>ly indicat$--,bdih>ma--,mod]n ,neo-,buddhism--,! ,t'i5-t'ai ,s*ool--,re=m$ ,buddhism 9 ,*9a--9 ,japan--,its mo/ mod]n attitude--,diff]5ce betwe5 ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity--,alike 9 _! t5d5cy to det]iorate--,*ri/ianity alone manife/s a re=m+ & progressive p[]--,res\rces ( ,buddhism manife/ly exhau/$--,*ri/ianity app>5tly 9 only an initial /age ( developm5t1 ,pages #cad-chf ,,po/script1 ,pages #chg-cia ,,lecture ,i4 ,,necessity ,,= ,a ,,prop] ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,two ,,religions4 ,e>ly 9 ?is c5tury ,s*op5hau]1 fasc9at$ by ! cont5ts ( ! ,upani%ads1 :i* _h be5 translat$ f ! ,p]sian into ,lat9 by ! illu/ri\s discov]] ( ! ,z5d-,ave/a1 v5tur$ to pr$ict t ! influ5ce ( ! newly-f\nd ,sanskrit lit]ature ^u ! philosophy ( ! future w\ld n be less pr(\nd ?an 0 t ( ! revival ( ,greek ^u ! religion ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4#a ,t c5tury 0 m>k$ by ! close ( ! m$ival age1 & ! beg9n+ ( ! times ( ,re=mation 9 :i* we are privileg$ to live4 ,! ,re=mation 0 n an ev5t1 b ! inauguration ( a p]iod4 ,its significance 0 f> deep] ?an t ( a revolt f ecclesia/ical sup]/ition & corruption4 ,x meant a quick5+ ( ! human _s1 & a consequ5t awak5+ ( ! human intellect1 to :i* _m =ces o!r ?an ! lead+ religi\s ones1 contribut$2 & its effects are visible n simply 9 ! *anges :i* x imm$iately produc$1 b 9 ! revolution :i* is /ill actively progress+ 9 all our social1 political1 & religi\s relations4 ,! movem5t designat$ by ! ,re=mation is manife/ly f> f hav+ exhau/$ itself1 & !re c be no "q t its c\rse has be5 greatly accel]at$ by ! /udies to :i* ,s*op5hau] ref]r$4 ,! re-discov]y ( ,india1 lo/ to ,europe = c5turies aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 almo/ z completely z ,am]ica 0 hidd5 f x1 0 a fact ( ev5 great] import ?an ! resurrection ( ,greece4 ,x 0 no wild]ness ( ru9s :i* 0 ?us disclos$1 f :i* only ! %>ds ( a long-buri$ civilisation c\ld be exhum$1 b a liv+ & cultur$ _w1 ^: in/itutions 7 root$ 9 an antiquity m pr(\nd ?an ,greece c\ld claim1 & ^: language & mann]s & religion 7 sep>at$ f ! ,we/ by f> m ?an a hemisph]e4 ,s totally unlike to ! ,we/]n _w 0 x1 t ! lab\rs & sacrifices ( sev]al g5]ations ( ! f9e/ intellects ( ,europe 7 requir$ be=e a key c\ld be f\nd to int]pret its significance4 ,s9ce ! days :5 ,anquetil ,dup]ron1 aft] _m adv5tures & h>d%ips1 succe$$ 9 break+ ?r\gh ! tangl$ ?icket :i* gu>d$ its treasures1 ! s*ol>s ( all nations h press$ into x1 ea* "o ann\nc+1 z he em]g$1 ! dawn or ! progress ( ano!r ,r5aissance1 ^: mean+ & direction & ultimate issues only ! ra% w v5ture to pr$ict or pret5d to =esee4 ,"o ( ! fir/-fruits ( _! comb9$ or indep5d5t rese>*es is ! new sci5ce ( ,religion4 ,by a c>eful collection1 analysis1 & comp>ison ( all ! beliefs ( mank9d available1 ) ! view ( elicit+ :at is peculi> to ea*1 & :at !y all %>e 9 common1 its pr(essors aim at discov]+ :at may be ! real nature & orig9 & purpose ( all religion4#b ,z yet x %\ld h>dly be designat$ a sci5ce1 = ?\gh ! elem5ts = x und\bt$ly exi/1 !y are too widely scatt]$ to be ( s]vice = imm$iate induction4 ,! mat]ials already collect$ h n be5 suffici5tly sift$1 & moreov]1 x requires ! assi/ance ( o!r sci5ces1 z yet too immature1 to r5d] x effective support4 ,! title may n be a 8misnom]10#c b only a some:at inflat$ expression by :i* an age1 r wise 9 its own conceit1 proclaims ! discov]y ( a new field ( le>n+ :i* x means assidu\sly to cultivate4 ,! discov]y h[ev] is a solid "o1 & ! assiduity ( ^? :o w\ld improve x is unmi/akable2 ye> by ye> _! numb]s increase1 _! implem5ts improve 9 quality1 & ?is g5]ation may n pass away be=e an abundant h>ve/ has be5 reap$4 ,ano!r indication ( ! *ange t is com+ ov] ! _w is ! attitude :i* ,*ri/ian div9es n[ assume t[>d o!r religions4 ,fifty ye>s ago ! attempt to comp>e our ,bible & our ,cre$ ) ! scriptures ( o!r religions w\ld h be5 reg>d$ z a sacrilegi\s surr5d] ( :at 0 holy to ! dogs4 ,?is 0 due n s mu* to prejudice on ! "p ( ! exp\nd]s ( ,*ri/ianity z to av]sion to ! av[$ly anti-*ri/ian _s 9 :i* ^! rese>*es 7 prosecut$4 ,! ,comp>ative me?od 0 !n frequ5tly employ$1 z x _h be5 by ! ,encyclopdi/s ( la/ c5tury1 = ! purpose ( discr$it+ & degrad+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,! conclusion 0 (t5 =egone be=e ! process began2 & s x 0 natural t rev]5t b timid m9ds jeal\s = _! religion1 & anxi\s to gu>d x f insult1 %\ld decl9e su* enc\nt]s4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 or?odox !ologians are q aw>e t 9 ?is matt] !y h to reckon ) o!r ?an ! pr(ess$ enemies ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! able/ advocates ( ,comp>ative ,!ology are n only free f anti*ri/ian prejudice1 b !y prote/ aga9/ x z inimical to ! sci5ce itself4#d ,x is n infidelity1 b ,provid5ce1 t is =c+ u to inve/igate ! orig9 ( our religion1 & to se>* its scriptures 9 ! full] light :i* we n[ enjoy4 ,we are be+ div9ely taught t we cease to rev]e a heav5ly gift ! mom5t we beg9 to idolise x2 t ! disposition mo/ fatal to ourselves1 mo/ di%on\r+ to our religion1 is t :i* w\ld reg>d its scriptures z *>m$ relics too sacr$ to be exam9$1 & only to be br\ght by an undev\t & apo/ate ,*ur*1 9 ! mom5t ( its extreme p]il1 into ! field ( battle ) ! ,phili/9es4 ,to %r9k f ! comp>ison ( our ,fai? ) ! religi\s beliefs ( ^? :om we ackn[l$ge to be bone ( our bone1 & fle% ( our fle%1 is to manife/ a c[>dly lack ( confid5ce 9 its ,au?or4 ,x is at ! judgm5t-b> ( all ! ages t ,he means to make good ,8 claim to be ! ,judge ( all mank9d4 ,! m ,he is tri$1 ! m w ,8 au?ority be confess$ to be div9e4 ,he c]ta9ly invit$ inspection & comp>ison1 & ,he may h _h o!r ?an ,hebrew scriptures 9 ,8 view :5 ,he in/ruct$ u to 8se>* !m1 = !y te/ify ( ,me40#e ,! comp>ative /udy ( o!r religions1 s f> f be+ prejudicial to ! claims ( ,*ri/ianity1 w be helpful 9 e/abli%+ its sublime pre-em95ce among !m1 & 9 enabl+ u to dis*>ge to _! adh]5ts ! duty :i* its ,f\nd] has impos$ ^u u4 ,x may modify consid]ably our !ology1 b x w /r5g!n our fundam5tal beliefs4 ,z a g5]al rule1 we may ass]t t ! /r5g? ( a man's fai? w be f\nd to be 9 direct proportion to 8 k ( ! ev]la/+ & un*angeable laws by :i* ! univ]se is gov]n$4 ,x is our !ology alone t is assail$1 & we are le>n+ t !ology1 z a sy/em ( reason+ ^u mat]ials furni%$ n only by religion itself1 b also by "s o!r 8ologies10 mu/ be bas$ on o!r & high] au?ority ?an t ( an infallible ,c\ncil1 or t ( a *apt] ^: significance 0 suppos$ to be unalt]ably fix$ two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,! religion :i* revolt$ aga9/ ! assumption ( ! ,scribe 9 our ,"l's day1 & :i* disall[$ ! claim ( ! ,pope "s ?ree c5turies ago to be ! sole int]pret]s ( revelation1 is n only te/+ ! au!nticity ( ! texts to :i* ! appeal 0 !n made1 b is inquir+ into _! actual significance by collat+ !m ) ! tru?s ( ano!r revelation z div9e4 ,x is n t m5 want to get rid ( dogma1 = dogma ( "s k9d !re mu/ ev] be4 ,!re w always be a va/ deal :i* we mu/ believe1 because !re is mu* t c only ?us be kn[n2 b a satisfactory dogmatic f\ndation mu/ h5ce=? be s\ght 9 facts ant]ior to any scriptures1 or to any *ur* t w\ld int]pret !m1 viz41 9 ! elem5tal necessities & aspirations ( our common human nature4 ,x has be5 wisely said t 8! !ology :i* fails to meet ! dem&s ( ! :ole man is simply doom$40#f ,:at is want$ !re=e = !ology is "s broad & solid basis1 to be laid by analys+1 comp>+1 & co-ord9at+ all religi\s beliefs )9 our rea*4 ,9 ea* ( !m we may hope to f9d "s tru?--x may be v feebly & v p>tially express$--( no m value by itself ?an a flake ( gold f\nd 9 an imm5se drift ( s& or mass ( qu>tz1 b yet ( imm5se value z indicat+ ! s\rce f :i* x came & ! sub/ance to :i* x claims aff9ity4 ,all sep>ate & imp]fect tru?s po9t t[>ds "s high] tru? :i* w unite & fulfil & int]pret !m4 ,& s e religion1 h[ev] errone\s x may be1 is prophetic--because f\nd 9 a humanity t is ess5tially "o--( a univ]sal religion1 a fai? :i* is n j "o ( ! fai?s ( ! nations1 b is ! div9e answ]1 un*ang$ & inexhau/ible1 to all ! aspirations ( mank9d4 ,! /udy ( o!r religions !re=e1 ev5 ( ^? ( ! mo/ degrad$ peoples1 & ( ^? mo/ contradictory ( our own1 is z b9d+ ^u u z is ! /udy ( our ,bibles4 ,= u 8hi/ory0 has be5 truly said 8to /& 9 ! place ( prophecy10#g & x is only by ga!r+ up & consid]+ its te/imony t we c appreciate ! wor? ( ! treasure :i* has be5 giv5 to u1 t we may communicate x to all ! _w4 ,prom95t among ! religions t *all5ge our consid]ation is ! "o :i*1 foll[+ au?orities ackn[l$g$ to be ! be/1 we w endeav\r briefly to sket* & to exp\nd4 ,x is n an obsolete sy/em1 appeal+ only to ! poetic s5tim5t f a vani%$ pa/1 l ! religion ( ,greece1 b "o :i* confronts u ) vitality suffici5t to ov]%ad[ a consid]able portion ( ! popul\s ,ea/4 ,two ?\s& f\r hundr$ ye>s h pass$ s9ce x 0 fir/ proclaim$1 & ?\gh x disappe>$ long ago f ! l& ( its bir?1 x /ill reigns 9 _m k+doms1 & cont9ues to spread its influ5ce 9 sev]al directions 9 ,c5tral & ,nor!rn ,asia4 ,to tell its /ory completely w\ld be to write ! hi/ory ( ne>ly ! :ole ( ,*9a1 ,india1 & ! c\ntries t lie ar\nd or betwe5 !m4 ,till v rec5tly x 0 g5]ally comput$ t q "o-?ird ( ! human family1 ?\gh widely sep>at$ geographically & o!rwise1 pr(ess$ to f9d 9 ,buddhism consolation suffici5t to /r5g!n !m to d ! "w & endure ! suff]+s ( life1 & to confront ) calmness ! necessity ( dea?4 ,7 ?is computation correct1 ,buddhism w\ld h to be acc\nt$ by f> ! mo/ widely accept$ ( all ! religions ( mank9d4 ,x has h[ev] be5 s]i\sly *all5g$ by ^? ^: exp]i5ce & c&\r are beyond "q4 ,accord+ to _! enum]ation1 ,buddhism mu/ rank only f\r? 9 ! scale ( num]ical comp>ison among ! great fai?s ( ! _w1 = in/ead ( !re be+ five hundr$ millions ( adh]5ts1 z we 7 previ\sly l$ to believe1 probably n m ?an "o hundr$ millions ( pr(ess+ ,buddhi/s c be f\nd 9 all ! _w4#h ,! "q 9 dispute aft] all is "o ( only second>y importance1 = we c h>dly conceive ( any "o o!r ?an "s democratic fanatic :o w\ld propose to settle ! tru? ( a religion by a reckon+ ( ! suffrages :i* x c\ld comm&4 ,num]ical /ati/ics ( religi\s adh]5ce furni% only an indirect te/ ev5 ( influ5ce4 ,x is impossible to indicate ev5 geographically ! range ( a religion4 ,we are v prop]ly rem9d$ t 8! influ5ce ( ,buddhism 9 ,india may be imm5se1 ?\gh n a s+le ,buddhi/ temple exi/s 9 x1 :ile its influ5ce 9 ,*9a & ,ceylon may be va/ly ov]-/at$ 9 figures1 = _m ,*9ese ,buddhi/s may be call$ ,confuciani/s & ,taoi/s1 & _m ,s+halese wor%ipp]s at ,buddha's %r9es are f> f be+ only or altoge!r ,buddhi/s40#i ,inde$ ev]y:]e1 ?\gh *iefly 9 ,?ibet1 ,nepaul1 & ,mongolia1 ! religion :i* is call$ ,buddhism is no m ,buddhi/ ?an ! survivals ( ,pagan wor%ip & belief :i* are f\nd 9 "s extreme =ms ( ,romanism c be call$ ,*ri/ian4 ,! rapidity ) :i* & ! ext5t to :i* a religion has spread is no c]ta9 indication ( its capability to meet & satisfy ! real spiritual necessities ( mank9d4 ,a religion may rapidly ga91 & reta9 = long1 an asc5d5cy ov] _m m51 )\t possess+ any ( ! qualities ess5tial to its be+ recognis$ z ! "o religion ( all m54 ,! ca?olicity ( a fai? is indicat$ n by ! ext5t ( ! supremacy :i* x has acquir$1 b by ! quality ( its cont5ts4 ,univ]sal tru?s are n necess>ily ! tru?s :i* h won ! cons5t ( ! greate/ numb]s4 ,! te/ ( quod ubique1 semp]1 et ab omnibus1 if ?or\ghly appli$1 w\ld h e/abli%$ ! tru? ( _m a degrad+ sup]/ition 9 =m] times4 8,x is n t :i* is common to b>b>ism & civilisation :i* is mo/ truly human1 b precisely t 9 :i* civilisation diff]s f b>b>ism40#aj ,! div9ity ( a religion1 in/ead ( be+ atte/$ by ! read9ess ) :i* x is accept$1 may be indicat$ by ! antagonism :i* x at fir/ evokes4 ,tru? at no "t dep5ds ^u majorities1 at lea/ 9 ?is _w1 = "h tru? ( any k9d1 :5 fir/ proclaim$1 in/ead ( meet+ a g5]ally fri5dly reception1 has to w9 its victory by conflict & lay 9 m>tyrdom ! f\ndation ( its ?rone4#aa ,x is n on acc\nt ( its adh]5ts1 h[ev]1 nor ( ! sup]ficial ext5t ( its supremacy--?\gh su* facts h inde$ a v pa!tic significance--b x is 9 respect ( ! quality ( its orig9al fai?1 t ,buddhism is consid]$ wor?y ( comp>ison ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,we mu/ n be repell$ by ! *ildi% sup]/itions & gross absurdities ) :i* x is incru/$1 = 9 a religion s anci5t & ext5sive ?is is j :at we might expect to f9d2 nor %\ld we be surpris$ at ! m>vell\s & grotesque leg5ds :i* pr(ess to relate its orig9 & e>ly hi/ory1 = ^!1 z ,pr(essor ,mll] has v prop]ly rem9d$ u1 8are ! cl\ds1 n alway rosy1 t ga!r r\nd ! sunrise ( any religion40#ab ,9 ! e/imation ( its sev]e/ critics1 ,buddhism mu/ occupy a gr& & exalt$ place 9 ! g5]al hi/ory ( religions4#ac ,among ! v>i\s sy/ems ( ! non-,*ri/ian _w1 anci5t or mod]n1 none c comp>e ) x 9 respect ( its e?ical code1 its _s ( tol]ation & g5tl5ess1 & its b5efic5t influ5ce ^u _m wild populations t h embrac$ x4 ,nei!r ,z5o nor ,m>cus ,aurelius conceiv$ a high] !ory ( morals1 9 :i* ju/ice & temp]ance 7 infus$ by k9dness1 ?an t :i* ! f\nd] ( ,buddhism successfully r$uc$ to practice4 ,x 0 ! mo/ natural ( all ?+s !re=e1 t x _h only to be introduc$ to ! notice ( ,*ri/5dom to w9 = itself a degree ( admiration accord$ to no o!r hea!n fai?4 ,we w\ld be und]/at+ its claims1 h[ev]1 if we ref]r$ to x z appeal+ only to our ,*ri/ian consid]ation & sympa?y4 ,x has be5 br\ght into ! li/s ( criticism z ! rival ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,mod]n unbelief is =c+ x ^u our notice z a mu* tru] philosophy ( exi/5ce & a m satisfactory !ory ( ! univ]se ?an t furni%$ by ,*ri/ianity4 ,we _c let x alone1 7 x = no o!r reason t x w n let u alone4 ,9 ! civilis$ & semi-civilis$ portions ( ! ,ea/ its disciples h long ago ceas$ to propagate x1 & z a =m ( belief x may be said t !re n only has x rea*$ ! limits ( its ext5sion1 b t its pres5t condition is "o ( 8increas+ dis9tegration & decay40#ad ,ev5 9 ! ,ea/1 h[ev]1 among ! classes :o h mo/ come "u ! influ5ce ( ,we/]n culture1 ! _s ( ,buddhism %[s consid]able vitality1 & !re its _s is com+ into con/ant & active collision ) ,*ri/ianity e day4 ,! educat$ or intellig5t ,buddhi/ ( ,burmah or ,siam tells u pla9ly t he w n give up 8 anci5t fai? = ,*ri/ianity2 = not)/&+ ! manifold & manife/ absurdities ( 8 ance/ral religion1 he pr(esses to f9d ! same 9 ! =ms 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity has be5 pres5t$ to him4 ,by ! light ( our sci5ce we h help$ him to we$ out 8 old sup]/itions1 & he w n accept f u any new ones4 ,9 language m>vell\sly ak9 to t ( ! f\nd] ( ,buddhism1 he disc>ds e religion z involv+ ! wor%ip ( deity1 & he pr(esses to f9d 9 ,suttas m anci5t ?an our ,gospels a morality z sublime1 a *>ity z compreh5sive1 & a sy/em ( fai? suffici5t to be> ! /ra9 ( all 8 necessities1 :e!r pres5t or future4#ae ,9 %ort1 ,buddhism z pr(ess$ by a mod]n ,ori5tal ) any pret5sion to culture1 is almo/ id5tical ) t p>adoxical condition ( ?\ght or belief :i* ma9ta9s1 & inde$ pr(esses to be spread+ 9 ,*ri/5dom z mod]n ,agno/icism4 ,b x is n 9 an attitude ( resi/ance only t ,buddhism confronts ,*ri/ianity ev5 9 ! ,ea/4 ,9 ,ceylon1 if we are to tru/ ! ,times ( ,india1#af x numb]s among its typical ga9s 8a "y highly educat$ ,european lady & a cl]gyman ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*10 & ^!1 x is av]r$1 8are n ! fir/1 & are n likely to be ! la/ ( its direct conv]ts f ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es40 ,9 ,europe & ,am]ica also1 n among ! l[] & less educat$1 b among ! high] ranks ( society1 among p affect+ culture & new light1 are to be f\nd n a few pr(ess+ admir]s1 if n practical foll[]s1 ( ,buddha & 8 law4 ,! admiration ( _m ( ^! dilettanti may sometimes be f\nd to be 9 exact proportion to _! ignorance ( ,buddhism4 ,_! in=mation is drawn almo/ exclusively f su* s\rces z are suppli$ by ! romance ( ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold & works l ^? produc$ by ,mr4 ,s9nett & ,colonel ,olcott2#ag b ev5 :5 we disc\nt all ^!1 we mu/ own t "h & !re we f9d "s ?\ghtful & e>ne/ p :o pr(ess to h come out f bondage to ! begg>ly elem5ts ( ! ,*ur*'s fai? to g5tle ,buddha's bett] gospel ( lib]ty4 ,mr4 ,alaba/]'s ,mod]n ,buddhi/ f9ds a co-religioni/ n only 9 ! disciples ( ,feu]ba* & ,von ,h>tmann1 b 9 e 8f]v5t a!i/0 :o1 ackn[l$g+ no?+ 9 ! univ]se save man1 & a sy/em ( unb5d+ law 9 :i* he is involv$1 & ) :i* he is sometimes conf\nd$1 has be5 compell$ to deify humanity & to dem& = its idol a s]vice wor?y ( a div9e object ( fai?4 ,s ano!r pr$iction ( ,s*op5hau]'s1 utt]$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury1 seems to be repeat$ 9 _m publications at its close4 8,9 ,india10 he affirm$1 8our religion w nev] /rike root2 ! primitive wisdom ( ! human race w nev] be pu%$ aside by any incid5ts 9 ,galilee4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,indian wisdom w fl[ back ^u ,europe1 & produce a ?or\gh *ange 9 our kn[+ & ?9k+40#ah ,he c]ta9ly lab\r$ h>d to br+ ab\t ! fulfilm5t ( 8 prophecy1 prea*+ ,nirvana z ! goal ( moral ef=t1 ?\gh confess+ t 8 own animal prop5sities all[$ him no hope ( atta9+ x4 ,9 8 lifetime 8 /r5u\s endeav\rs 7 unsuccessful1 & he di$ 9 #ahfj 9 comp>ative neglect4 ,s9ce !n1 & especially s9ce ! publication ( 8 book ,die ,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung1 ! doctr9e pa9fully plant$1 has tak5 root 9 ! cong5ial soil prep>$ = x by ,comte & 8 disciples4 ,spiritualism aga9--:i*1 ?\gh orig9at+ only 9 #ahdh1 9 circum/ances almo/ ludicr\s1 has spread s rapidly & ext5sively t x n[ claims to c\nt its conv]ts by millions all ov] ! _w--has obvi\sly contribut$ to ! dissem9ation & gr[? ( pseudo-,buddhi/ ideas4 ,) a lit]ature ( ov] five hundr$ psy*ological works--_m ( !m volum9\s & v co/ly--& ) =ty-six p]iodicals regul>ly publi%$ 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 x n only assails ,*ri/ianity1 b supports ! doctr9e t 8! ,reign ( ,law has supplant$ ! ,reign ( ,god2 t j z we h ceas$ to embody ! conception ( ! ,/ate 9 a p]son1 x is "t we %\ld cease simil>ly to embody ! conception ( ! univ]se1 = loyalty to a p]sonal rul] is an ana*ronism 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & w "s day become ext9ct40#ai ,its apo/les pr(ess to f9d 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai? _m signs ( dis9tegration1 & !y look 8to ! bloodless & innoc5t record ( ,buddhism = ! recon/ruction ( true religi\s fai? ^u a p]man5t basis40#bj ,?is !y exp\nd 9 a s-call$ !osophy 9 phraseology l>gely borr[$ f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b descriptive ( a curi\s amalgam ( lat] ,buddhi/ & ,h9du doctr9es utt]ly contradictory to ! ess5tial tea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,occultism1 ,esot]ic ,buddhism1 :i* pr(esses to supplant ! religion ( ,jesus1 & to prep>e ! way ( ! twelf? ( ! ,messiahs1 ^: mission is to h>monise ! p]v]t$ tea*+ ( 8 pr$ecessors1#ba & ?us e/abli% ! univ]sal religion ( humanity1 is n likely to occasion s]i\s conc]n4 ,x is j ano!r ( ^? in/ances 9 :i* ! diseases ( a l[] civilisation are communicat$ to "o sup]ior & m robu/4 ,j z plagues orig9at+ 9 ! ru9$ or degrad$ populations ( ! ,ea/ h repeat$ly desolat$ l>ge portions ( ,europe1 :]e !y f\nd physical conditions fav\rable to _! spread1 s !re are m5tal & moral epidemics :i*1 g5]at$ among inf]ior religions1 propagate !mselves 9 ! v highe/1 = reasons almo/ simil>4 ,!re are mod]n conditions :i* pres5t v close aff9ities to ^? out ( :i* ,buddhism arose4 ,x has be5 truly call$ ! religion ( despair1 & x seems suit$ to t intellectual ennui 9 :i* _m pr(ess to live :o f9d !mselves confront$ by problems :i* !y are unable to solve4 ,! en]vat+ agno/icism & s5tim5tal pessimism ( our g5]ation furni% ! v soil 9 :i* ! g]ms ( ,buddhism are mo/ likely to mature2 b ! spiritual life ( ,*ri/5dom is too robu/ to succumb to its h]esy ( in]tion & moral defeat4 ,! sy/em ( ,buddha1 ev5 z laid out by himself1 is n at all likely to entrap any consid]able numb] ( ,we/]n n9ete5?-c5tury ?9k]s2 & ?is mongrel sy/em ( ,neo-,buddhism1 ?\gh pr(ess+ to be f\nd$ on t anci5t cre$1 w only f9d adh]5ts among peculi> p4 ,!re is always a t5d5cy 9 ! mo/ advanc$ civilisation1 on ! "p ( "s :o are fre$ f ! necessity ( indu/ry1 s ess5tial to man's m5tal & moral z well z to 8 physical heal?1 to rev]t to beliefs & cu/oms peculi> to e>li] & inf]ior /ages ( culture4 ,x is a curi\s & significant fact1#bb t n among ! work+ & pr(essional classes1 b among ! upp] & fa%ionable ranks ( mod]n society1 su* survivals ( anci5t sup]/ition z int]c\rse ) spirits & palmi/ry are *iefly n[ to be f\nd4 ,= su* un/able s\ls z h be5 or may be tempt$ to be drawn into ^! practices by an appeal to ! au?ority ( ! beautiful "* limn$ = our g5]ation 9 ! ,light ( ,asia1 ,i "k no bett] re/orative ?an a pla9 exposition ( primitive ,buddhism4 ,x w be se5 !n t ?is mod]n fungus is a gr[? almo/ z =eign 9 its nature to real ,buddhism z x is to true ,*ri/ianity4 ,! deg5]ate ,buddhism f :i* x borr[s its l>ge/ /ock ( ideas be>s ! same relation to ! actual tea*+ ( ,buddha t ! ,cabbala be> to ! prophecies ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ! doctr9es :i* x c\nts ^u z mo/ popul> & attractive are precisely ^? :i* ,buddha w\ld h treat$ ) 8 mo/ )]+ scorn4 ,!re is yet ano!r *>act]i/ic ( ?is religion :i* has comm5d$ x m to ! unbelief ?an ! belief ( our age4 ,_m agreem5ts are alleg$ to subsi/ betwe5 ! cont5ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & ^? ( ! sacr$ books :i* pr(ess to record ! life & express ! tea*+ ( ,buddha4 ,its anci5t ,pitakas are said to be fill$ ) /ories resembl+ ! n>ratives ( ! ,evangeli/s1 ) say+s :i* recall ! p>ables1 & miracles reflect+ ! signs & wond]s :i* signalis$ ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus4 ,x is av]r$ t ) ! s+le exception ( ! ,crucifixion--& h[ imm5se is ! significance ( t exception ,i %all endeav\r 9 a subsequ5t lecture to %[1--x w\ld be easy to f9d 9 !m a p>allel to almo/ e incid5t relat$ 9 ! ,gospel4 ,mo/ />tl+ ( all are said to be ! resemblances betwe5 ! c5tral figures 9 bo? sets ( scriptures4 ,= ,buddhism1 z truly z ,*ri/ianity1 has its ideal ( a p]fect human life1 illu/rat$ 9 "o :o1 l unto ! ,son ( ,man1 w5t ab\t do+ good1 & en=c+ by 8 example ! pure morality :i* he prea*$1 b :o1 mo/ unlike ! ,son ( ,man1 )\t any su/a9+ belief 9 deity1 or hope ( sympa?y or help f any div9e be+1 pr(ess$ to h made good 8 own salvation1 & to tea* all :om he c\ld rea* ! way to "w out !irs4 ,:5 we come to exam9e its hi/ory1 we f9d t x has foll[$ a l9e ( developm5t /rik+ly p>allel to t ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! p>allels ?us furni%$ by its antec$5ts & progress1 & by ! ext]nal & =eign influ5ces :i* enc\nt]$ & modifi$ x1 are ^? :i* h ! mo/ int]e/ & in/ruction = ! /ud5t ( ,religion4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to asc]ta9 _! significance1 we mu/ exam9e ^! alleg$ correspond5ces ( /ory & ( doctr9e2 = ^! h p[]fully influ5c$ a c]ta9 class ( ?9k]s1 z supply+ confirmation ( a *>ge br\ght aga9/ our religion 9 almo/ ! beg9n+ ( its hi/ory1 t aft] all !re 0 no?+ orig9al 9 ,*ri/1 & no?+ new 9 ,8 tea*+4 ,t resemblances d exi/1 n only betwe5 ! =ms 9 :i* ,buddhism confronts u 9 "s qu>t]s ( ! _w & ! ritual & organisation ( a l>ge section ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 b betwe5 ! cont5ts ( ! ,buddhi/ scriptures z we h !m n[1 & ^? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 all mu/ admit4 ,z we ca/ a ha/y & g5]al glance ov] !m we see h[ natural & h[ p>donable 0 ! old r\gh & ready me?od ( acc\nt+ = !m by ! supposition ( direct transf]5ce ( ! v>i\s l9eam5ts f ! "o to ! o!r4 ,! e>ly ,jesuit mission>ies did n hesitate to ass]t t ! ,buddhi/s1 by assimilat+ & incorporat+ ! rites & doctr9es ( ! primitive mission>ies1 _h succe$$ 9 produc+ a c>icature ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica--till !n z indep5d5t ( ,europe z if x _h be5 sep>at$ n by untrav]s$ oceans1 b by ! imm5sities t divide ! planets--! ,spani>ds f\nd to _! amazem5t a mo/ complex religion1 ) prie/s1 & mona/]ies1 & temples adorn$ ) ! cross & /atues ( a goddess ) an infant 9 h] arms1 !y c\ld only expla9 ! my/]y by av]r+ t x 0 a gigantic mimetic ruse ( ! devil to lead ! unhappy nations a/ray4 ,! suppositions 9 bo? cases are n likely to be s]i\sly support$ n[4 ,inde$1 x is f> m likely1 z ! au?or ( ,anci5t ,*ri/ianity & ,dr4 ,pr9sep & o!rs h attempt$ to %[1 t 9 ! ,ea/ we h to seek = ! orig9 ( sev]al in/itutions & rites once consid]$ ! peculi> gr[? ( ,greek or ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re c be little d\bt t z ^! religions spread !y w\ld come 9 contact ) & react ^u ea* o!r4#bc ,x is difficult 9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k to indicate _! fir/ conjunction1 or to trace _! v>i\s int]communications1 b t !y h be5 mutually indebt$ to ea* o!r is suffici5tly atte/$ by _! hi/ories4 ,9 lat] ,h9duism & ,buddhism & ,lamaism !re are pla9 indications ( ! action ( ! ,we/]n ^u ! ,ea/]n religions4 ,romanism1 on ! o!r h&1 has set its (ficial seal ^u ! relation%ip1 by incorporat+ a leg5d ( ,buddha among its 8,lives ( ! ,sa9ts10 by canonis+ ! f\nd] ( ?is mo/ anti*ri/ian ( all religions1 & by consecrat+ ! #bg? ,novemb] z a day on :i* he may be invok$ = int]cession4#bd ,?\gh z yet ! field is only op5+ out1 & its exploration is only beg9n+1 !re c be little d\bt t x w be f\nd t 9 _! advanc$ /ages ,buddhism & ,greek & ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity h contribut$ to ea* o!r's res\rces2 b x is q ano!r matt] to ass]t t ! exi/5ce ( ! "o religion acc\nts = ! orig9 ( ! o!r1 & t ,*ri/ianity1 z ! junior ( ! two1 is simply 8a product ( ,india spoil$ 9 its r\te to ,pale/9e40#be ,^? :o allege t ! s\rces ( ,*ri/ianity may be discov]$ 9 ,buddhism are b\nd n to assume b cle>ly to trace & demon/rate ! m$ium ( communication betwe5 ! two4 ,z yet ! allegation1 ?\gh frequ5tly made1 appe>s to be incapable ( pro(4 ,r5an's picture ( 8w&]+ ,buddhi/ monks :o ov]ran ! :ole _w1 & conv]t$ on ! banks ( ! ,jordan1 by _! g>b & mann]s1 p :o did n und]/& _! language1 l ! ,franciscan monks 9 lat] days10 is only a pi\s imag9ation4#bf ,& s are ! !ories elaborat$ by ,m4 ,emile ,burn\f 9 ! ,sci5ce ( ,religions & by ,m4 ,erne/ de ,buns5 9 8 ,angel ,messiah ( ! ,buddhi/s4 ,bo? ^! au?ors h expla9$ to _! own satisfaction ! d]ivation ( ,*ri/ianity f old ,indian or ,aryan beliefs1 :i*1 transmitt$ ?r\gh ,p>?ia to ! ,babylonian ,jews1 by !m communicat$ to ! ,ess5es ,john ,bapti/ & ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & f !m aga9 pass$ on to ! ,!rapeut ,/eph51 7 =mulat$ 9 ! pla/ic m9d ( ,paul ( ,t>sus into ! ,*ri/ian dogmas :i* we n[ rev]e4 ,! s*eme is devis$ ) ?or\ghly ,fr5* precision1 & ! treatises 9 :i* x is elaborat$1 full z !y are ( indications ( great +5uity & labori\s rese>*1 are int]e/+ z any romance4 ,= sci5tific purposes1 h[ev]1 !y h h>dly m hi/oric wor? ?an a romance4 ,bas$ ^u assumptions1 !y are con/ruct$ almo/ entirely ( hypo!ses3 :5 a difficulty em]ges1 x is solv$ by a supposition :i* fur!r on is confirm$ by a 8reasonable expectation0 ( some?+ else1 s t by & by ! supposition meets u z an e/abli%$ result4 ,!y ab\nd 9 analogies1 "s ( :i* transgress z flagrantly ! laws ( "t z ! !ory once advanc$ t ! /ory ( ,*ri/ is only a reflection ( ! leg5d ( ,kri%na1 see+ t belief 9 ,kri%na did n arise 9 ,india till c5turies aft] ,*ri/ianity _h rea*$ its %ores4 8,! laws ( language#bg are also violat$ z op5ly z !y 7 by ! discov]y t ! my/]i\s ^w #8,om' ( ! ,upani%ads is ! equival5t ( ! #8,am5' 9 anci5t ,hebrew wor%ip40 ,x may be z possible by ?is me?od to prove ! connection betwe5 ! ,v$ic & ,levitical in/itutions1 z x is possible to e/abli% ! conclusion t ! old ,aryan symbol ( ! fire /icks is ! fontal idea ( ! ,cross1 or t ! ,v$ic ^w 8,agni0 is equival5t to ! ,lat9 8,agnus ,dei40 ,dr4 ,j4 ,e/l9 ,c>p5t]#bh & ,pr(essor ,ku55#bi h mo/ exhau/ively & decisively expos$ ! vanity ( su* speculations1 :i*1 on ! :ole1 may be reg>d$ z a good confirmation ( a say+ utt]$ by ,pr(essor ,h4 ,h4 ,wilson "s ?irty ye>s ago1 9 ref]5ce to ^? :o w\ld d]ive ,*ri/ianity f ,indian s\rces1 t 8! disposition to draw impossible analogies is n yet :olly ext9ct40 ,z f> z ! hi/ory ( ,buddhism c be trac$ x pres5ts no actual po9t ( contact ) ei!r ,syria or ,egypt or ,europe4 ,ev5 aft] x became a mission>y religion its progress 0 nev] we/w>ds1 & at no p]iod did x rea* fur!r 9 ?is direction ?an ! region n[ kn[n z ,afghani/an4 ,! civilisation ( ! ,we/ (f]$ no opportunity = its en?usiasm1 & none ( ! great ,we/]n cities appe> 9 its records4 ,9 ! few scatt]$ extracts :i* survive ( ! writ+s ( ^? ,greeks :o visit$ ,india dur+ or subsequ5t to ! p]iod ( ,alex&]'s invasion1 !re is no indication ( a k ( ,buddhism1 nor any allusion to ,buddha by "n4 ,we h to come d[n to ! times ( ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria#cj & ( ,b>desanes ! ,syrian be=e we h any tangible evid5ce ( ! slighte/ acqua9tance on ! "p ( ! ,we/ ) ,buddhism4 ,! fir/ writ] m5tions ,buddha by "n1 ! second di/+ui%es 8 monks f ! ,brahmans1 & gives "s details z to _! cu/oms1 b x is impossible f _! /atem5ts to conjecture h[ mu* !y knew ( ! fai? to :i* !y allud$1 & mo/ absurd to inf] f !m t !y 7 affect$ ) ! slighte/ admiration = x4#ca ,if ,*ri/ianity be ! (fspr+ ( ,buddhism1 or ev5 if ,buddhism ex]cis$ any direct influ5ce ^u its e>lie/ developm5t1 "s indications ( t influ5ce %\ld be traceable 9 ! ,jewi% & ,greek lit]ature ( t p]iod4 ,yet 9 spite ( ! mo/ se>*+ exam9ation none h z yet be5 f\nd1 & x is n at all likely t !y ev] w be f\nd4#cb ,our religion 0 well advanc$ 9 its c\rse be=e we f9d 9 ! works ( its def5d]s any sign ( acqua9tance ) ! ,buddhi/ leg5d1 or any expression ( suspicion1 z on ! "p ( ,cyril & ,ephraim ( ,j]usalem 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 t ! ta9t ( "s ( ! h]esies :i* _h infect$ ! ,*ur* might be trac$ to its contagion4 ,!n1 un=tunately = ! +5i\sly con/ruct$ !ory t ! doctr9es 7 secretly transmitt$ by ! *annel already indicat$ till !y rea*$ ,/4 ,paul ?r\gh ,/eph5 ! ,!rapeut1 ! only passage on :i* ! exi/5ce ( ,!rapeuts 9 ,apo/olic times c\ld be f\nd$ has be5 rec5tly prov$ to be a spuri\s int]polation 9 ! writ+s ( ,philo ( a treatise =g$ sev]al c5turies aft] 8 dea?4#cc ,rese>* c f9d no trace ( ,!rapeuts 9 ,alex&ria nor any:]e else till ,mona*ism _h become ! fa%ion 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,bi%op ,lightfoot has conv9c+ly prov$ t ! !ory ( ! transmission ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e f ! ,buddhi/s ( ,india ?r\gh ! ,babylonian ,jews to ! ,ess5es has n ! slighte/ trace ( evid5ce to support x1 b t1 on ! contr>y1 ! weight ( evid5ce & probability is all aga9/ x4#cd ,aga91 any "o :o comp>es ! ,gospel acc\nt ( ! life ( ! ,bapti/ ) ! description giv5 9 ,josephus#ce ( ! mann]s & t5ets ( ! ,ess5es w f9d t j z ! ,ess5es ow$ no?+ to ,buddha1 s ,*ri/1 & ev5 ,john ,bapti/1 ow$ no?+ to !m4 ,?\gh simil> 9 a few ext]nal po9ts1 ! ,bapti/'s prea*+ & mann] ( liv+ 7 ess5tially antagoni/ic to ^? ( ! little ,jewi% sect :i* _h sev]$ itself n only f ,jewi% society b f ,jewi% hopes4 ,! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 aga91 ^: mann] ( life1 notori\sly 9 contra/ to t ( ,8 h]ald1 0 ?r\gh\t a p[]ful ?\gh sil5t contradiction to e doctr9e :i* ! ,ess5es held1 & x w\ld be extravagant to ass]t t ,he ow$ to x ev5 an illu/ration ( ,8 own4#cf ,x may be safely ass]t$ t ! !ory ( ! d]ivation ( ,*ri/ianity f ,buddhism breaks d[n at e po9t at :i* x is te/$4 ,we may dismiss x 9 ! words ( ,pr(essor ,ku551 t ! 8s-call$ connection betwe5 ,ess5ism & ,*ri/ianity _c be> s]i\s inquiry = a mom5t10 & 9 ^? ( ! le>n$ ,bi%op1#cg 8t ?\gh ! ,ess5es may h _h "s connection ) ,p]sia1 _! sy/em 0 antagoni/ic to t ( ,buddhism 9 ev]y?+ save ! _s ( despair :i* call$ bo? into exi/5ce40 ,! :ole supposition ( ,burn\f & ,de ,buns51 & writ]s ( ! s*ool to :i* !y belong1 is bas$ ^u a mo/ exagg]at$ & inde$ fictiti\s e/imate ( ! ,indian contribution to ! sum ( human k4 ,x assumes t ,india 0 ! cradle ( all wisdom1 & t f t fav\r$ l& ( primeval light w5t =? f "t to "t ! apo/les ( religion & ! exp\nd]s ( all philosophy4 ,yet hi/ory reveals n ! slighte/ trace ( any su* propag&a we/w>d be=e ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 & ?\gh c5turies aft] we h slight notices ( ,indian travell]s to ! ,we/1 we d n f9d a mission>y among !m4 ,we h hi/oric evid5ce1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,we/]n races rea*+ ,india c]ta9ly be=e ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 & probably long be=e ! bir? ( ! f\nd] ( ,buddhism1 & we c h>dly suppose t races ) ent]prise & intellig5ce suffici5t to discov] & conqu] ! ,h9dus w\ld appe> only be=e !m z begg>s to receive _! alms4 ,we =get t ! wave ( ,aryan humanity t p\r$ d[nw>d into ,india really deflect$ f ! pa? ( progress1 & t "u climatic & o!r unfav\rable conditions1 & ?r\gh int]mixture ) inf]ior races1 x /agnat$1 :ile t :i* proce$$ we/w>d improv$ ! m ! f>!r x advanc$4 ,we h a tol]ably cle> idea ( ! civilisation ( ,we/]n ,asia 9 ! "t ( ,solomon1 ^: navy is suppos$ to h trad$ ) ,india4 ,x compreh5d$ capitals ) magnific5t build+s1 public works1 & well-gu>d$ highways2 comm]ce protect$ & enc\rag$2 law adm9i/]$2 religion obs]v$1 & le>n+ cultivat$4 ,:at ,indian civilisation meant at ! same p]iod we c only conjecturally inf] f ! lit]ature t is extant1 b we h cle>] glimpses ( x five c5turies lat] z ! home ( a mix$ race1 geographically sev]$ f ! re/ ( ! _w1 liv+ 9 village settlem5ts1 :i* only "h & !re 7 l>ge en\gh to be call$ t[ns1 divid$ into clans ^: weal? consi/$ *iefly 9 pa/ure & tillage l&s1 & flocks & h]ds4#ch ,a k+dom 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,solomon w\ld h us$ ! ^w did n exi/4 ,9 respect ( civilisation ,pale/9e 0 f> ahead ( ,india1 & 9 respect ( religi\s developm5t1 its !ology1 ?\gh greatly ta9t$ ) hea!n sup]/itions1 0 suffici5tly pure & /rong to save ! ,hebrew f requir+ in/ruction at ! wattle huts ( a race t conf\nd$ ,god ) ,8 works4 ,if ,ophir be ! "n ( an ,indian port1 !n ,solomon's navy br\ght back f x gold1 & ivory1 & curi\s ?+s indicat$ by ,sanskrit words = :i* ! ,hebrew *ronicl] c\ld f9d no equival5t4 ,! sailors may h pick$ up a few fables & riddles & prov]bs1 b surely 9 reg>d to religion & philosophy1 ! sup]ior & /rong] race w\ld be m likely to imp>t ( _! abundance to ! l[] & weak] ?an to enri* !mselves out ( _! pov]ty4 ,:5 we come to ! ,greek invasion we move on m solid gr\nd1 & we c h&le ev5ts :i* h left p]man5t & v traceable effects2 b 9 ! hi/oric notices t rema91 we h no trace ( ,h9du influ5ce ^u ,greek civilisation4 ,in/ead ( ,greek religion & philosophy be+ enri*$ by ! ,indian1 ! opposite is m likely to h be5 ! case4 ,! invasion ( ,alex&] mu/ h orig9at$ a ho/ ( new ?\ghts 9 ,india1 :i* may yet be trac$ 9 ! works ( ! prolific ,buddhi/ s*ol>s1 :o are said to h liv$ 9 ! ,punjab dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,greek dom9ation4#ci ,x is alleg$ ) fair %[ ( reason to h giv5 rise to "s new products1 su* z ! art ( writ+1 a curr5cy 9 co91 /one sculpture1 none ( :i* h z yet be5 trac$ 9 ,india 9 any previ\s p]iod4#dj ,! appe>ance 9 ,india ( ! drama1 ! epic1 ( new views ( ma!matics1 a/ronomy1 physics1 are all said to be subsequ5t to & consequ5ces ( ! ,greek invasion4 ,& ?is is :at we might expect1 = all ?r\gh ! hi/orical ages ! ,h9du1 in/ead ( enri*+ ,we/]n nations1 has be5 a ne$y borr[] f !m4 ,he has always be5 m ready to absorb ?an imp>t1 ev] gre$y ( =eign ideas1 & ev] ready to be modifi$ by ext]nal culture4 ,! b5efic5t influ5ce ( ,india is inde$ traceable 9 ,*9a1 ^: sci5ce x und\bt$ly improv$1 & ^: lit]ature x has greatly enri*$2 b ) ! exception ( ! ciph] s useful 9 our ari?metical notation1 x is que/ionable :e!r ,india has contribut$ to ! /ock ( ,we/]n wisdom "o s+le religi\s or philosophic or sci5tific tru?4#da ,! weal?y are m likely to l5d to ?an to borr[ f ! poor2 ! wise m likely to tea*1 ?\gh !y d sometimes le>n f ! less in/ruct$4 ,! /rong may be infect$ by ! diseases ( ! feeble1 b g5]ally ! contagion ( heal? radiates f ! m robu/ to ! weak] vitalities4 ,! 8p[]0 :i* ! t\* ( ! ,ea/ has 8made to g =? f u0#db no d\bt fl[s back 9 quick5$ life ^u ourselves4 ,z ^! ,ori5tal /udies proce$1 ! tables w p]haps be turn$ ^u ! s*ool t w\ld d]ive all our philosophy & religion f old ,indian s\rces4 ,we h se5 t two successive waves ( ,we/]n life fl[$ ea/w>ds ^u ! %ores ( ,india4 ,ano!r ri* /ream ( ,semitic ?\ght 9 pre-,buddhi/ic times1 repres5t$ by su* religi\s tea*]s z ! second ,isaiah & ,j]emiah & ,ezekiel1 rea*$ ! ,tigris1 & we may ask1 ,0 ! ,indus unkn[n to !m8 ,we d n ass]t t !y knew x1 b surely x 0 j z easy = a ,jew to rea* ,india z = ,burn\f or de ,buns5's ,buddhi/s to rea* ,babylon4 ,x 0 j z probable t a ,jewi% p$l> f\nd 8 way ea/w>d ?r\gh ,p>?ia to ,india1 ) o!r & m preci\s goods 9 8 possession ?an ! ,babylonian w>es 9 8 pack1 z x 0 t ,r5an's w&]+ ,buddhi/ monk f\nd 8 way to ! ,jordan4 ,lat] on !re is a tradition--& ?\gh x is only a tradition1 :at a f9d to ,messieurs ,r5an1 ,burn\f1 & de ,buns5 w\ld "o simil> ,buddhi/ tradition be6--t "o ( ! orig9al twelve apo/les ( ,jesus evangelis$ a portion ( ! we/]n %ores ( ,india4 ,s1 f\nd+ on all ^! data1 only assum+--z we are entitl$ to assume--t ! ,ea/ 0 well connect$ ) ! ,we/ by ! sea r\tes f ,arabia & by ! l& r\te ?r\gh ,p]sia1 & rememb]+ t !re is no?+ s volatile & p]meat+ z ?\ght1 is ! speculation s v extravagant t old ,indian philosophy & religion1 ?\gh foll[+ _! own c\rse1 may h be5 modifi$ & purifi$ by contact ) ! ?\ghts ( ! ,we/8 ,:at if ! conjecture be haz>d$ t f ! ,we/ a ?\s& ye>s ,b4,c4 0 communicat$ ! !i/ic impulse :i* produc$ :at is be/ 9 ! ,upani%ads--! tru?1 viz41 ( ! unity :i* is beh9d & above all v>iety1 ! ,"o ,absolute into :i* all ?\ght & all be+ is resolv$8#dc ,:at if x be "s day ass]t$ t ! tea*+ ( ! ,hebrew prophets be=e ! ,diaspora1 z to ! wor?lessness ( sacrifice to put away s9 & to promote communion ) ,god1 may h ins9uat$ itself into ! rev]ies ( ,indian ascetics 9 _! =e/ retreats1 & made ! tea*+ ( re=m]s l ,buddha possible8 ,& :at if to ,/4 ,?omas may be indirectly trac$ t influ5ce :i* made lat] ,buddhism diff] s mat]ially f ! primitive1 & approa* 9 ! simil>ities ( its leg5ds s close to ! ,gospel n>ratives8 ,dr4 ,kellogg already proclaims t 8x may be affirm$ ) c]ta9ty t no man c %[ t ! leg5d ( ,buddha1 9 a =m conta9+ any co9cid5ce :i* c\ld be held to argue a borr[+ f x by ,*ri/ians1 0 9 exi/5ce be=e ! ,*ri/ian era02 8t all ! v>i\s v]sions ( ! leg5d 9 any language date f a "t lat] ?an ! ,*ri/ian era02 8t ! *ief ,sanskrit au?ority = x _c be prov$ 9 ! judgm5t ( ! mo/ compet5t critics to h exi/$ 9 its pres5t =m ne>ly z f> back z ! ,*ri/ian era02 & ?\gh he does n allege any actual transf]5ce f ! ,gospel to ! ,buddha leg5d1 he av]s ) ju/ifiable confid5ce t ! opportunity = 8su* a transf]5ce be=e ! ,sanskrit v]sion assum$ its pres5t =m is an indubitable fact40#dd ,^! sugge/ions1 ?\gh j z wor?y ( consid]ation & support z ! !ory t ,*ri/ianity is ei!r an (f%oot ( ,v$ic ,brahm9ism or a direct product ( ,buddhi/ speculation1 ne$ n be discuss$ at pres5t4 ,we may cont5t ourselves ) ! conclusions =m$ by our mo/ reliable au?orities1 t ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity 9 _! orig9 & e>lie/ developm5t 7 p]fectly indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4 ,! bir?s ( _! f\nd]s 7 sep>at$ by c5turies1 & ! sph]es ( _! m9i/ry by almo/ ! :ole ext5t ( ,asia4 ,:ile ?us sund]$ by ! conditions ( bo? "t & space1 !y 7 /ill m s by _! intellectual peculi>ities & antec$5ts4 ,! ,indian diff]$ v widely f ! ,jew 9 8 way ( look+ at & reason+ ab\t ?+s4 ,he w\ld be v diff]5tly impress$ by ! same or simil> ph5om5a1 & he w\ld communicate 8 impressions by a v diff]5t me?od4 ,geographically ,india 0 %ut up f ! re/ ( ! _w1 & ! ,aryans :o w5t d[n into x 7 left 9 a mann] h>dly p>allel$ by o!r peoples to develop _! own life out ( itself1 & accord+ to its own laws4 ,9 f> less fav\rable circum/ances1 & f> remov$ f ! educational /imulus ( contact ) ali5 or cognate nations1 !y came to /& alone z a p sc>cely intelligible by o!rs4 ,! ,jews1 on ! o!r h&1 7 e>ly br\ght into ! /ream ( human movem5t4 ,m+l$ ) _m peoples1 s5t f l& to l&1 !y became 9 spite ( _! passionate love = _! own c\ntry ! cosmopolitans ( ! _w4 ,consequ5tly :5 ! two races came 9 contact1 ! circles ( ?\ght & feel+ 9 :i* !y mov$ c\ld h>dly be said to t\*4 ,solomon's sailors1 z reg>ds religi\s or philosophical treasures1 c\ld nei!r give nor take away4 ,!y _h almo/ no?+ 9 common ) ! /range p :om !y met4 ,! ,sanskrit words :i* !y took home to designate ! peculi> products obta9$ 9 ,ophir indicat$ h[ helpless !y w\ld h be5 to und]/& ! metaphysics ( ,india ev5 _h !y inquir$ ab\t !m4 ,! natives ( ,we/]n ,india a ?\s& ye>s be=e ,*ri/ 7 z helpless to und]/& ! ,jew4 ,y h only to comp>e a prophecy ( ,israel ( ! eigh? c5tury ,b4,c4 ) ! e>lie/ ( ! ,upani%ads to f9d h[ widely sep>at$ at t date 0 ! ,semite f ! ,aryan ( ,india4 ,ev5 :5 _! own k9sm5 visit$ !m1 :5 ! desc5dants ( sires :o _h occupi$ ! same cradle & _h he>d ! same /ories told ov] !m 9 ! "o primeval home1 met = deadly /rife 9 ! w>s ( ,alex&] on ! pla9s ( ! ,punjab1 !y 7 ali5s 9 almo/ ev]y?+4 ,lat] on1 :5 ,*ri/ian mission>ies1 anxi\s to tea* !m bett] ways1 succe$$ 9 influ5c+ _! religi\s conceptions1 ! ,h9dus always modifi$ :at ( our fai? !y adopt$4 ,! "q h[ f> ! e>ly proclamation ( ! ,gospel 9 ,india influ5c$ ! developm5t ( ,h9duism is by ! be/ ( judges consid]$ n yet settl$1#de b ev5 ^? :o affirm ! reality ( ?is influ5ce admit t ,h9duism did n s mu* incorporate ! doctr9es z assimilate ! ideas ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ultimate decision ( ?is "q1 h[ev]1 does n 9 any way affect ! "o be=e u4 ,we may be almo/ c]ta9 t ! great mass ( ,indian speculation on man & 8 relations to ! inf9ite1 = _m c5turies be=e our era1 0 develop$ orig9ally f ! res\rces ( ! ,indian m9d q ap>t f =eign influ5ces4 ,! same ass]tion w hold good z to ! rise ( ,greek philosophy & ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,n "o ( ! ?ree c be und]/ood )\t c>eful ref]5ce to _! p>ticul> antec$5ts1 b !y c nev] be acc\nt$ = by any !ory ( d]ivation ( ! "o f ! o!r4 ,x is ! fact ( ?is complete indep5d5ce ( ea* o!r 9 orig91 c\pl$ ) _! analog\s developm5t1 & ! _m suppos$ agreem5ts 9 _! sy/ems1 :i* makes ! /udy ( ,buddhism s int]e/+4 ,:at does ?is signify8 ,:at important law 9 provid5ce does x indicate or illu/rate8 ,our be/ guides cont5t !mselves ) call+ att5tion to ! analogies1 & !y are *>y z yet ( draw+ inf]5ces f !m4 ,! wisdom ( su* caution is app>5t :5 we f9d t ! suppos$ co9cid5ces require to be exam9$ & discuss$4 ,mo/ ( !m h be5 f\nd to be sup]ficial & accid5tal1 &1 :5 prob$1 v ess5tial & fundam5tal contra/s are discov]$ b5ea? !m4 ,n[ to judge correctly conc]n+ ^! religions we mu/ try n _! analogies b _! contradictions4 ,! analogies may be only seem+1 & ! contra/s may be v real & pr(\nd4 ,on e po9t t is truly *>act]i/ic ! two religions may be sep>at$ z widely z ! z5i? is f ! nadir4 ,all religions are p>allel 9 _! t5d5cies1 & e approa* to tru? mu/ inevitably produce resemblances 9 religi\s belief4 ,! resemblances may indicate ! aspirations ( a moral & religi\s nature common to all m52 & 9 :at is peculi> to ,*ri/ianity1 :at x possesses 9 contra/1 may be f\nd ! div9e answ] to ^! aspirations4 ,! two religions may proce$ 9 p>allel l9es1 b on v diff]5t planes1 & f q opposite directions4 ,?us ! morality ( ,buddhism s des]v$ly admir$ is 9 no s5se peculi> to ,buddhism1 = mu* ( x 0 taught 9 ,india be=e ,buddha appe>$1 & 9 ,*9a be=e 8 law 0 proclaim$ 9 x4 ,x is ! natural outgr[? ( ! moral s5se ( mank9d :]e circum/ances are fav\rable to its developm5t4 ,b high z ! law ( ,buddha is1 x only 8approa*es1 sw+s t[>d10 z ,old5b]g tells u1 b nev] rea*es or t\*es ! law ( ,*ri/4#df ,!re is 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,gospel some?+ :i* ! ,buddhi/ sy/em pla9ly lacks1 & :i* ,buddhism out ( any evolution ( its own inh]5t en]gy c\ld nev] produce4 ,*ri/ianity seems to be sup]ior to x1 n 9 ! s5se t ! infant is sup]ior to ! embryo1 b z man is sup]ior to ! animal1 :i* yet may be said ( v necessity to prec$e him4 ,! l[] organism 9 creation1 ?\gh n acc\nt+ = ! high]1 may rea* out aft] & indicate ! necessity = x1 & ! high] by fulfill+ ! l[] w int]pret x4 ,j z ! m9]al1 vegetable1 & animal _w all po9t to "s high] creative fact1 :i* 9 man is to sum up & p]fect !m1 s ! _m l[] religions ( ! human race all po9t to a high]1 :i* is to annul & fulfil !m4 ,no !ory ( evolution has yet acc\nt$ = man4 ,he appe>s 9 ! univ]se z a new creature :ile "p ( a v old sy/em ( creation1 & relat$ to all its inf]ior =ms4 ,s ,*ri/ianity1 9 "o s5se z old z human hi/ory1 & relat$ to e =m ( religion by :i* man has tri$ to satisfy 8 spiritual crav+s1 may n be elaborat$ out ( any ( !m z _! products1 b confronts u z a new fact ( hi/ory to satisfy & complete !m4 ,?is conclusion is "o :i* _m /ud5ts ( ! sci5ce ( religion are n prep>$ to accept4 ,to !m ,*ri/ianity is simply "o ( ! natural religions1 & at be/ _! highe/ b necess>y outgr[?4 ,j z !y allege t ! orig9 ( man is to be f\nd 9 ! l[e/ type ( ! savage1 s !y seek = ! g5esis ( 8 religi\s consci\sness 9 8 l[e/ animal wants & fe>s1 & !y pr(ess to trace ! developm5t ( t consci\sness f its fir/ almo/ %apeless =ms1 ?r\gh ! mon/rosities ( ,feti*ism1 !n ( ,animism1 ,poly!ism1 ,mono!ism1 till x f9ds its ultimate culm9ation 9 ,*ri/4 ,n[ ,*ri/ianity is inde$ a natural religion2 7 x o!rwise1 x w\ld cease to be div9e4 ,x supplies all man's natural wants1 & x satisfies & educates all man's natural aspirations4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 !re is no?+ unnatural 9 x1 we av] t !re is some?+ supranatural 9 its ideal1 fitt+ x to answ] ! necessities ( a be+ :o has 9 him all t nature has1 & a great deal m4 ,man is a be+ ak9 on "o side ( 8 nature to bo? ! ape & ! worm1 b he is also :at !y are n4 8,! pressure ( ! inf9ite on 8 s5ses0 awak5s feel+s1 & orig9ates a tra9 ( ?\ght 9 :i* he soon becomes consci\s ( relations to a high] ?an nature 8 inf]ior1 & to o!r ?an m5 8 equals4 ,!re is t 9 him :i* once x is ar\s$ refuses to believe t :at he sees or h&les or ta/es is all1 & t !re c be no high] be+ ?an himself4 ,if 8 own mo/ p]fect ma*9e does n express all 8 intellig5ce1 he _c believe t all possible intellig5ce is compreh5d$ & express$ 9 ! _w ( nature4 ,beh9d & beyond all ^! physical arrangem5ts ( ! _w1 :i* seem fully to meet ! l[] wants ( 8 be+1 he feels t !re mu/ be high] arrangem5ts correspond+ to 8 peculi> wants4 ,j because he f9ds e appetite has its correspond+ object1 & e organ implies an elem5t = :i* x is fitt$1--s t if !re be an eye !re mu/ be light1 & if lungs !re mu/ be air1--s ?is feel+ or in/9ct :i* impels him to seek ! unkn[n ,p[]1 8= ^: sake he feels con/ra9$ to d :at he does n l to d1 or to ab/a9 f :at he w\ld l to d10#dg is ! pl$ge n only t ,he exi/s1 b t he has already & always be5 f\nd by ,him1 z ,"o :o und]/&s p]fectly 8 ?\ghts & wants1 & is freely communicat+ ) him4 ,x is n 9 ! an?ropoid ape t we may hope to f9d ! orig9 ( man1 & x is n 9 ! t]ror ( ! savage c[]+ be=e ! maje/y & my/]y ( nature t we are likely to f9d ! g5esis ( 8 religion4 ,ev5 if an?ropology succe$$ 9 prov+ t savag]y 0 ! fir/ type 9 :i* humanity 0 express$1 & t its be/ial rites inspir$ by t]ror 0 ! fir/ =m ( human religion1 x w\ld n !n h acc\nt$ = _! orig94 ,! gulf betwe5 ! religi\s savage & ! non-religi\s spee*less ape w\ld rema9 z va/ z ev]4 ,! fir/ manife/$ beg9n+ ( a "w may be rude en\gh1 8z is ! r\gh block :i* receives ! fir/ /roke ( ! sculptor :o has design$ to produce a /atue2 b ! real beg9n+10 z we h be5 eloqu5tly rem9d$1 8is 9 ! plan ( ! arti/1 & to p]ceive 8 ideal we h to wait = ! f9al result40#dh ,x is 9 ! end !re=e t we may be said to f9d & und]/& ! au?or4 ,s ! orig9 ( man1 & ! g5esis ( 8 religion1 is m likely to be indicat$ by t div9e fiat :i* "o ( ! anci5t au?ors ( ,g5esis has d>$ to =mulate1 8,let u make man 9 our image1 & aft] our lik5ess40 ,accord+ to t conception1 man is a creature1 nei!r equal )1 nor p]fect z ! ,be+ :o conceiv$ him1 b hav+ aff9ity ) 8 ,creator1 & f ! v fir/ manife/+ capacity & pot5tiality ( indef9ite progress to be ga9$ by ! div9e education to :i* he is ev]la/+ly subject$4 ,x is n 9 ! plan ( our lecture to discuss ^! mom5t\s que/ions1 or to ent] ! li/s aga9/ ! repres5tatives ( ! sci5ces ( ,an?ropology or ,religion4 ,an?ropology is n suffici5tly advanc$ to scatt] ! my/]y t surr\nds ! cradle ( ! human race3 & x w\ld be ra% = ! apo/les ( ! o!r sci5ce to ma9ta9 t !y h succe$$ 9 trac+ ! l9es ( t process1 out ( :i* ,*ri/ianity or ev5 ,buddhism is alleg$ to h evolv$ f ! %apeless sup]/itions ( ! primitive savage1 be=e !y confront u z facts 9 ! hi/ory ( human ?\ght4 ,obs]vation & exp]i5ce alike seem to c\nsel great] caution 9 mak+ our d$uctions & draw+ our inf]5ces4 ,inde$ !re seems to be almo/ z mu* evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ! !ory ( degradation z !re is 9 fav\r ( t ( evolution4 ,!re is no inh]5t t5d5cy 9 human society to pass ev] on & ev] up to some?+ bett] & nobl]4 ,no race1 by its own inh]5t /r5g?1 seems to h rais$ itself f b>b>ism into any?+ t c be call$ true civilisation2 b we h abundant pro( 9 ! ,aztecs ( =m] g5]ations1 & ! negroes ( ! ,black ,republic 9 ! pres5t day1 t races c t]ribly decl9e4 ,a /ate ( civilisation is v difficult to keep1 z well z difficult to ga94#di ,& s f> z obs]vation goes1 savage life & religion appe> to be 8n ! dawn+ ( a society ab\t to rise1 b ! fad+ rema9s ( "o s9k+ 9 /orms1 ov]?r[n & %att]$ by ov]:elm+ cata/rophes40 ,humboldt & ,niebuhr1 quot$ by ,:ately 9 8 lecture on ! ,orig9 ( ,civilisation1 bo? prote/ z /rongly z he did himself aga9/ ^? :o pr(ess to f9d 9 ! wreck ( ! civilis$ & religi\s man 8 orig9al repres5tative1#ej & our be/ au?ority 9 ! sci5ce ( religion assures u t ,feti*ism1 f> f be+ ! initial ( an upw>d c\rse1 m>ks ! v la/ /age 9 ! d[nw>d c\rse ( religion4#ea ,x %\ld cont5t u1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k1 to f9d t humanity is capable bo? ( developm5t & degradation4 ,savag]y & civilisation are n sep>at$ f ea* o!r by impassable b>ri]s3 savag]y is at lea/ a possibility to a civilis$ race2#eb civilisation is n beyond ! rea* ( ! savage4 ,on ! surface ( ! v highe/ civilisation _m ?+s appe> :i* are also to be se5 9 ! l[e/3 & j z 9 ! l[e/ organisms c]ta9 rudim5t>y traces are f\nd ( memb]s :i* are p]fect$ 9 organisms above !m1 s ! v l[e/ savag]y seems to exhibit an upw>d t5d5cy4 ,9 ! same way ! v pure/ religions h cl++ to !m traces ( ! l[e/ sup]/itions4 ,n 9 ,buddhism only1 b ev5 9 ,*ri/ianity1 we f9d =ms ( ,animism & ,feti*ism2 b ! "q :e!r bo? religions fir/ manife/$ !mselves 9 ^! l[] =ms1 ) :i* !y are /ill p>tly incru/$1 mu/ n be held to be settl$ 9 ! affirmative because ^! traces ( !m exi/4 ,in/ead ( be+ survivals :i* !y h n yet sl\gh$ (f or outgr[n1 !y may be p>asitical gr[?s indicat+ degradation & disease4 ,?\gh ! rese>*es hi!rto prosecut$ h n result$ 9 ! discov]y ( a law regulat+ ! developm5t ( religion1#ec !y all po9t to a common religi\s faculty peculi> to man1 & indicate t ! religi\s in/9ct is co-ext5sive ) ! human race4 ,no?+1 x is true1 9 ! nature ( ?+s =bids ! discov]y ( tribes absolutely )\t religion2 b z matt] ( fact1 no su* h be5 f\nd4 ,& z ,tylor rem>ks1 8^? :o ass]t ! contr>y disprove _! !ories by ! facts :i* !y allege 9 support ( !m40#ed ,n[1 if we f9d 9 all sections ( humanity1 ev5 f> ap>t f ea* o!r1 ! same grop+ aft] an ,au?or & ,gov]nor ( our be+1 & ! same =eca/+ ( our de/9y1 ?\gh 9 mo/ contradictory1 &1 alas6 (t5 fe>fully p]v]t$ ways1 we may safely inf] z a fundam5tal tru? t humanity1 ?\gh brok5 up into _m fragm5ts1 is really an organic unity1 & t ! ,*ri/ian dogma simply expresses a sci5tific fact1 8t ,god ha? made ( "o all nations on ! face ( ! e>?40 ,if ! organic unity ( humanity be grant$1 ! organic unity ( language & ( religion too w\ld seem to be d$ucible f x z simple coroll>ies4 ,b we mu/ be c>eful 9 def9+ :]e9 ?is organic unity consi/s4 ,we may assume t 9 reg>d to language x does n consi/ 9 a p]fect primitive spee*1 brok5 up at lat] times into numb]less =ms to be us$ ri*ly & copi\sly by "s civilis$1 b scantily by b>b>\s peoples4#ee ,9 reg>d to religion x does n mean a complete comp5dium ( tru? sup]naturally giv5 to ! fa!rs ( ! human race1 f :i*1 :ile all m5 h err$ m or less1 "s h fe>fully fall5 away4 ,su* a view1 ?\gh held g5]ally once1 w\ld be condemn$ by ,*ri/ian !ologians n[ z irreligi\s 9 pr9ciple1 = x w\ld seek = ! roots ( religion n 9 ! nature ( man1 b 9 "s ext]nal enactm5t1 & w\ld make religion1 :i* is ess5tially spontane\s1 to be some?+ me*anical or compulsory 9 action4#ef ,! unity ( language does n consi/ 9 a common vocabul>y1 b 9 a common faculty :i* all m5 h ( express+ _! feel+s & _! ?\ghts2 & ! unity ( religion does n consi/ 9 a numb] ( fundam5tal beliefs :i* all m5 h 9 common2 b 9 ! univ]sal in/9ct to believe 91 & rev]5ce & obey1 a p[] high] & bett] ?an ourselves4 ,! faculty1 ! in/9ct 9 ea* case is "o2 yet x has be5 develop$1 if we are to use t ^w1 9 v diff]5t degrees4 ,9 "s tribes ! faculty ( reckon+ is s weak1 t !y h num]als only to five1 & _! vocabul>y is s poor z to express only objects ar\nd !m or _! own s5su\s wants4 ,9 ! same way 9 "s peoples ! religi\s faculty is s /unt$ z almo/ to be amorph\s4 ,x exi/s z x 7 9 embryo2 9 o!r peoples x p]plexes u by ! mon/rosities 9 :i* x is express$1 b ! mon/rosity1 z we are rem9d$1#eg may m>k a fur!r gr[? :i* also po9ts onw>d to some?+ m complete1 & may be 9 itself a type ( ?+s n se5 z yet4 ,obs]vation !re=e seems to detect a religi\s t5d5cy 9 process ( evolution1 & if s1 ! only "q is z to :e!r t t5d5cy develops by its own inh]5t p[]1 or by a process ( education intellig5tly conduct$2 9 o!r words1 :e!r man gr[s into 8 religion1 or :e!r he is in/ruct$ 9 x by ! revelation ( a m9d high] ?an 8 own4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s1 :ile proclaim+ ! organic unity ( humanity1 proclaim z cle>ly t ! organic developm5t ( religion proce$s "u ,div9e control4 ,! phrase 8organic developm5t ( religion0 may only be a mod]n way ( designat+ t long cont9u\s process by :i* ,god reveals ,8 m9d & w = ! education ( ! human race1 :i* culm9at$ :5 ,he 8:o at sundry times & 9 div]s mann]s10 9 v>i\s ways & 9 diff]5t measures1 8spake unto ! fa!rs by ! prophets10 spoke unto u by ,8 ,son4 ,holy ,scripture f fir/ to la/ is consi/5t 9 its tea*+ z to ?is4 ,x tells ( a ,div9e ,_s n op]ative only 9 "o race or 9 "o "p ( ! _w dur+ a few c5turies ( its hi/ory1 b /riv+ ) human s\ls always & ev]y:]e4 ,x tells u t ,god nev] left ! _w )\t a witness ( ,himself2 x rem9ds u ( prophets--c]ta9ly n all ( ! "o nation--:o1 tra9$ to grasp & to proclaim moral & spiritual tru?s1 7 s5t to lead among _! fell[-m5 lives s pure & unselfi% z pr(\ndly to affect ! moral progress ( ! :ole human race4 ,9 a ^w1 x reveals ,deity n z ap>t f man & un9t]e/$ 9 him1 b z an ev]la/+ ag5t 9 human hi/ory1--work+ out an et]nal purpose hid z a my/]y f all ages1 b n[ manife/$ 9 ! la/ times to u2 ! purpose ( ga!r+ toge!r n only ! scatt]$ & ali5at$ nations1 b 8all ?+s :i* are 9 heav5 & :i* are on e>? 9 ,"o10 ev5 9 ,*ri/4 ,! proclamation ( ?is univ]sality ( ! ,div9e purpose is "o ( ! *ief di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,its canonical ,scriptures f beg9n+ to end contradict ! ,jewi% h]esy1 t ,god1 ?\gh ,he has made ( "o all nations1 has only tak5 "o or two "u ,8 protection1 & has no c>e = ! re/4 ,!y tell u t ,god c>es = ! sp>r[ t flits ov] ! heads ( ! mo/ degrad$ ( ! human race1 & = ! worm t crawls "u _! feet2 & by implication !y w>n u t to ass]t t ,he :o has provid$ = ! wants ( ! reptile & ! bird has made no provision = ! spiritual wants ( ^? :om ,he is said to h made 9 ,8 image1 is blasphemy m he9\s ?an ev] hea!n or a!i/ has utt]$4 8,! same ,"l ov] all is ri* 9 m]cy unto all10 & 8,he is n f> f any "o0 ( !m4 ,he has left none 8)\t a witness40 ,?\gh ,he has giv5 "s m ?an o!rs1 ,he has left no "o )\t some?+4 ,! religi\s in/9ct 9 "s ,he has specially tra9$ & illum9at$1 n because ,he reg>ds !m z fav\rites--= ,he is no respect] ( p]sons--b because ?r\gh !m ,he w\ld "w out ,8 b5efic5t plan = all4 ,a few are inde$ *os51 b t _m may be call$1 & :5 "o individual or "o p is select$ & peculi>is$1 x is t ?r\gh !m all nations may be bless$4 ,/4 ,paul1 quot+ to ! ,a!nians f "o ( _! own poets1 rem9d$ !m t 8we are all ,8 (fspr+10 & z su* we are all div9ely c>$ =4 ,x is true t ,he does n deal ) all aft] ! same fa%ion1 & ,8 deal+s w always be p]plex+ if we apply to !m only ! /&>d ( man & ! measures ( "t2 b if we rememb] t 8,he is ,god1 & n man10 t 8,8 ye>s are ?r\gh\t all g5]ations10 & t we 8c see only a portion ( ,8 ways10 we may tru/ t by-&-by ,he w %[ t ,he has wa/$ nei!r ,8 own pati5ce nor ,8 creatures' /r5g?4 ,= ?\gh ,he may n be deal+ ) u aft] ! same fa%ion1 ,he is deal+ ) all t[>d ! same bless$ end1 ! end :i* ,he has reveal$ 9 ,*ri/1 ?r\gh :om1 & by :om1 & 9 :om1 all m5 & ?+s are to be reconcil$4 ,we c only judge ( ,8 purpose by :at ( x has be5 disclos$4 ,humanity1 ess5tially & fundam5tally "o1 exhibits mo/ manifold v>iety4 ,:ile ! unity ( ! race secures its sympa?y ) all its memb]s1 9 its v>iety !re is secur$ its indef9ite expansion & progress4 ,no family c\ld always keep toge!r 9 "o spot3 ! diff]5ces ( disposition & "* among its memb]s dem& _! sep>ation z ! condition ( h>mony4 ,! family ( man is a scatt]$ "o1 n m]ely to prev5t jeal\sy & ho/ility betwe5 its memb]s1 b to promote _! education4 ,! tra9+ ( ! race seems to proce$ on pr9ciples some:at analog\s to ^? :i* we ourselves h adopt$ 9 ! education ( our *ildr54 ,we nev] c\ld hope to educate a l>ge numb] ( *ildr5 ( v>i\s ages & m5tal capacities1 by keep+ !m all 9 "o class2 s we break !m up1 & isolate1 & grade !m1 & tra9 "s ( !m specially = ! sake ( all1 t !y may be _! lead]s & tea*]s4 ,ev5 s1 we f9d nations widely sep>at$ by natural b>ri]s1 t ! *>act]i/ic en]gies ( ea* may be develop$1 till ! "t comes :5 "o or o!r ( !m is ne$$ = ! elevation or re=mation ( ! re/4 ,t ! division ( nations & ! sep>ate tra9+ ( nations ent]$ deeply into ! c\nsels ( ,provid5ce1 may be le>n$ by a glance at ! configuration ( ! _w1 & ! influ5ces :i* are ex]cis$ by soil & climate & circum/ance ^u any s+le nation4 ,! bless$ effect ( ?is division may be se5 by ! slighte/ survey ( hi/ory 9 ! corrective1 educative1 r$emptive influ5ce :i* !y h ex]cis$ ^u ea* o!r4#eh ,& yet a survey ( ! hi/ory ( ! la/ eighte5 c5turies w j z pla9ly indicate a ,div9e purpose ( draw+ ! nations t[>d unity4 ,babel may m>k ! ,div9e purpose ( ! primeval economy1 & ,p5teco/ may be ! sign ( ! pres5t4 ,! wond] 9 ! pla9 ( ,%9> 01 t ?r\gh div]sity ( spee* m5 7 ceas+ to und]/& ea* o!r4 ,! wond] 9 ,j]usalem 01 t m5 ( ! mo/ widely sep>ate nationalities he>d1 ea* 9 _! own tongue1 ,*ri/ian evangeli/s proclaim ! m>vell\s works ( ,god4 ,religion1 :i* up till ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 _h prov$ a repell5t & divisive =ce1 began at t "t to prove an attractive1 h>monis+1 & trans=m+ p[]4 ,a new spr+-tide dawn$ ^u man's religi\s conceptions1 & tru?s aft] :i* all _h be5 grop+1 b :i* none _h atta9$ to1 em]g$ gr&ly into prom95ce4 ,! ,fa!rhood ( ! ,"o liv+ & et]nal ,god1 ! ,div9e ,son1 9 :om all m5 are bre?r51 & ! ,holy ,_s1 deal+ ) e man1 work+ ^u him & 9 him to con=m him to ! lik5ess ( ! highe/ & be/1 began to be reveal$2 & ! m t revelation is accept$ ! m ! reconciliation ( ! race advances4 ,x is n our int]e/1 !re=e1 to sev] ,*ri/ianity f all connection ) ! manifold =ms 9 :i* ! religi\s in/9ct & faculty ( man has f\nd expression4 ,if x c\ld be prov$ t our religion /&s 9 no relation to any?+ :i* m5 9 o!r religions ?\ght or believ$1 x w\ld be discov]$ defective1 & we w\ld h to ab&on ! claim t x is ! univ]sal religion ( humanity4 ,to ass]t t all previ\s religi\s ideas mu/ be expung$ z errone\s or false1 s t an entirely new message might be writt51 is to contradict ! evangelical doctr9e z to ! nature ( ,*ri/ & ! purpose ( ,8 mission to ! _w4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s ass]t t ,*ri/ is ! s\rce ( all ! tru? t 0 ev] utt]$1 ! inspir] ( all ! goodness t 0 ev] se51 & t ,he is ! /imulator & educator ( man's e rea*+ out aft] ,god4 ,! noble/ ?9k]s1 x is true1 fail$ to compreh5d ! tru?1 & _! highe/ religion fail$ to satisfy !m2 b we mu/ n ?9k ( !m z div9ely p]mitt$ to fail to tea* u ! glory ( ,*ri/ z ! ultimate revelation ( ,god4 ,"h1 z 9 all simil> cases1 failure 0 r a p>tial success2 = by ! ef=t to rea* x ! m9d 0 tra9$ to receive & grasp ! reality :5 x 0 disclos$4 ,"s "o has said t all pre-,*ri/ian religions are j ,*ri/ p>tially--v v p>tially--realis$4 ,c]ta9ly !y all po9t to ,him1 & b = ,him !y w\ld h be5 abortive4 ,!y all sugge/ ,him1 9 respect t !y ea* claim some?+ to satisfy & unite !m4 ,*ri/ianity ?us proves itself ,div9e1 n 9 be+ absolutely diff]5t f1 nor ev5 9 be+ va/ly sup]ior to1 b 9 ! fact t x h>monises & completes !m4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( be+ sc>$ by ! resemblances to ,*ri/ianity :i* we meet 9 o!r religions1 we %\ld be ?ankful = _! discov]y4 ,! e>ly ,apologi/s 7 n fright5$ :5 ,celsus1#ei 9 ! second c5tury1 submitt$ 8 alleg$ p>allels to ,*ri/ian doctr9e & e?ics1 9 ord] to prove t :at ,*ri/ians call$ revelation _h already be5 atta9$ by ! unassi/$ ef=ts ( hea!n m9ds4 ,anticipat+ ! language ( ! eighte5? c5tury ,dei/s1 he proclaim$ t 8,*ri/ianity 0 z old z creation40 ,8 p>allels 7 (t5 f\nd to be defective1 & _m ( !m _h only to be look$ at to %[ ! imm5se sup]iority ( ! ,*ri/ian quotations4 ,augu/9e turn$ !m aga9/ himself1 :5 he %[$ t to claim entire orig9ality = ,*ri/ianity1 to d5y ! exi/5ce ( any light be=e ,*ri/ came1 & ! possibility ( any sil5t univ]sal revelation ?r\gh reason & consci5ce1 0 to contradict ,8 ,messiah%ip4 ,to ignore :at ,god _h done be=e1 w\ld h cut ,him (f f ,god & man4 ,we w\ld expect ! ,son ( ,man to confirm ! deepe/ convictions ( ! human race4 ,we w\ld expect ! ,son ( ,god to claim & utilise all ! tru? ,god's ,_s _h spok5 9 ages pa/4 8,siquis v]a loquitur1 prior e/ quam ipse v]itas8 ,o ,homo1 att5de ,*ri/um1 non qu&o ad te v5]it1 s$ qu&o te fec]it40#fj ,! m ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e & e?ics we f9d 9 o!r religions1 ! m ,div9e w ,*ri/ianity appe>4 ,!re is n a tru? :i* has v]ifi$ & su/a9$ any o!r religion :i* is n f\nd 9 ,*ri/ianity1 9 full] am\nt & 9 cle>] =m4 ,*ri/ianity diff]s f all o!r religions1 n because x is a pur] sy/em ( moral tru?1 b because x is ! manife/ation ( a ,div9e life1 & because 9 t life x reveals ! p[] :i* alone c reconcile ! kn[+ ) ! do+ ( duty4 ,x pr(esses only to h "o orig9al1 "o di/9ctive elem5t2 b h[ mu* is involv$ 9 t pr(ession8 = ?is orig9al is ,*ri/ ,himself1 & all its doctr9es & precepts are vital only because ( _! connection ) ,*ri/4 ,:ole libr>ies ( moral & doctr9al an?ologies w\ld n make up = ! oblit]ation ( ,8 lik5ess f ! religi\s consci\sness ( ! _w3 8,x w\ld be l consol+ ourselves = ! loss ( ! sun by ! k9dl+ ( t5 ?\s& artificial lamps40#fa ,he confronts ! ages1 z ! ,"o to :om all religions po9t1 ( :om all true prophets ( ! human race h unconsci\sly te/ifi$4 ,!y1 l ! ,f\nd] ( ?is great religion1 ^: alleg$ resemblances w be f\nd1 z we exam9e !m1 to be r po9t-blank contradictions & contra/s to ! ,*ri/ian doctr9es & /ory1 may h inde$ be5 burn+ & %9+ lights1 & m5 7 will+ = a season to rejoice 9 _! light4 ,!y 7 8n t ,light10 b z voices cry+ 9 ! night = its aris+ !y came to 8be> witness ( x03 ! ,light n ( ,asia only1 nor yet only ( ,europe1 b ! 8,light :i* lighte? e man t come? into ! _w40 ,footnote #a3 ,die ,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung1 ,pref4 xiii4 ,footnote #b3 ,pr(essor ,max ,mll]1 ,gif=d ,lectures = #ahhh1 on ,natural ,religion1 p4 #aa4 ,footnote #c3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahha1 8,on ! ,orig9 & ,gr[? ( ,religion z illu/rat$ by "s po9ts 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,indian ,buddhism10 p4 #aj4 ,footnote #d3 ,max ,mll]1 ,introduction to ! ,sci5ce ( ,religion1 p4 #ch4 ,footnote #e3 ,john v4 #ci4 ,footnote #f3 ,b>+ ,g\ld1 ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ,religi\s ,belief1 vol4 i4 p4 #aba4 ,footnote #g3 ,we/cott1 ,victory ( ! ,cross1 pp4 #c1 #f4 ,footnote #h3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids e/imates ! numb] at five hundr$ millions 7,h&book ( ,buddhism1 p4 #f74 ,! previ\s g5]al e/imate 0 ab\t f\r hundr$ millions2 b ,dr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,happ]1 mission>y at ,canton = =ty-five ye>s1 r$uces ?is numb] to sev5ty-?ree millions4 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 9 8 rec5t book on ,buddhism1 quot+ ,pr(essor ,legge's introduction to ,travels ( ,fa-,hian1 calculates ! numb] at "o hundr$ millions1 & claims = ,*ri/ianity1 ) its f\r hundr$ & ?irty millions ( adh]5ts1 ! num]ical prepond]ance ov] all o!rs4 ,footnote #i3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,buddhism1 pp4 #d1 #g2 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 p4 #aga4 ,footnote #aj3 ,dr4 ,caird1 ,introduction to ! ,philosophy ( ,religion1 ,croall ,lectures1 #ahgh-i1 pp4 #hb seq42 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahha1 ,on ! ,orig9 & ,gr[? ( ,religion z illu/rat$ by ,buddhism1 p4 #g4 ,footnote #aa3 ,to draw prop] inf]5ces f /ati/ics ( ! spread & supremacy ( a religion1 we mu/ fir/ inve/igate ! circum/ances 9 :i* x 0 propagat$1 & ! intellectual & moral conditions ( ! peoples :om x has conv]t$4 ,if x has ga9$ only ! belief ( "o section ( ! human race1 x is evid5tly n entitl$ to rank ) ano!r :i* proves itself influ5tial among all sections4 ,a religion dom9ant only ov] inf]ior races is manife/ly ( less value ?an ano!r :i*1 :ile satisfy+ ! wants ( ! l[e/ & mo/ degrad$ peoples1 is yet fulfill+ ! spiritual aspirations ( ! highe/4 ,! fir/1 if 9 any way relat$ to ! second1 c only be s z prep>atory & prophetic ( ! mission :i* ! second alone c accompli%4 ,footnote #ab3 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 i4 ,introd4 ,footnote #ac3 ,kpp51 ,die ,religion des ,buddha1 s4 #bca2 ,j4 ,b>!lemy ,sa9t-,hilaire1 ,le ,b\ddha1 etc41 pp4 #gh1 #add1 #aha2 ,sp5ce ,h>dy1 ,manual ( ,buddhism1 p4 #ceh4 ,footnote #ad3 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 p4 xv1 ,introd4 ,footnote #ae3 ,alaba/]1 ,mod]n ,buddhi/2 9 ! ,:eel ( ! ,law1 p4 #gc2 ,trbn] & ,co41 #ahga4 ,footnote #af3 #e? ,april #ahhe4 ,9 ! ,madras ,times = ,octob] #bi1 #ahhf1 a meet+ ( ! ,society = ! ,propagation ( ,true ,religion is adv]tis$1 = read+ & exposition ( ! ,bhagavad-,gita4 ,footnote #ag3 ,! ,light ( ,asia2 ,! ,occult ,_w2 ,esot]ic ,buddhism2 ,!osophy ( ,ar*aic ,religions4 ,footnote #ah3 ,p>]ga1 #c;d ed4 i4 #ei4 ,footnote #ai3 ,we/m9/] ,review1 ,new ,s]ies1 vol4 xlviii4 p4 #dfi4 ,footnote #bj3 ,g]ald ,massey1 ,light1 #af? ,june #ahhc4 ,footnote #ba3 ,among ^! are reckon$ ,adam1 ,fohi1 ,laotze1 ,jesus1 ,mohamm$1 & ,j5ghiz ,khn4--,k9nealy1 ,comm5t>y on ! ,apocalypse1 p4 #fhe4 ,footnote #bb3 ,pemb]1 ,e>?'s ,e>li] ,ages1 p4 #cbf4 ,footnote #bc3 ,h4 ,h4 ,wilson1 ,essays1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cgf2 ,huc & ,gabet1 ,travel 9 ,t>t>y & ,?ibet2 translat$ by ,mrs4 p4 ,s9nett & ,w4 ,hazlitt4 ,footnote #bd3 ,buddhi/ ,bir? ,/ories1 translat$ by ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 vol4 i ,introd4 p4 xli4 ,footnote #be3 ,f\*] de ,c>eil1 ,hegel et ,s*op5hau]1 p4 #cjf4 ,footnote #bf3 ,vie de ,jsus1 p4 #ih1 #d? ed42 ,p>is1 #ahfc4 ,footnote #bg3 ,! ,buddhi/s1 z ,pr(essor ,ku55 rem>ks1 d n believe 9 angels1 & !y h no ,messiah4 ,ta?agata1 :i* ,mr4 de ,buns5 translates 8,! ,com+ ,"o10 i4e4 ,messiah1 means 8,"o :o has gone0 or 8has arriv$ at0 7,nirvana71 l 8 pr$ecessors4 ,s ,old5b]g1 ,rhys ,davids1 ,big&et1 ,edk9s1 ,raj5dralal ,mitra3 see too ,dr4 ,kellogg1 ,light ( ,asia & ! ,light ( ! ,_w1 pp4 #ajf1 #ajg4 ,footnote #bh3 ,see = ^! & o!r curi\s in/ances 8 article on 8,! ,obligations ( ! ,new ,te/am5t to ,buddhism10 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,dec4 #ahhj4 ,footnote #bi3 ,natural & ,univ]sal ,religions1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahhb4 ,footnote #cj3 ,/rom4 i4 #ae2 ,porphyry1 de ,ab/94 iv4 #ag4 ,footnote #ca3 ,s*wanbeck1 ,mega/h5es ,indica1 p4 #bj2 ,lass51 ,ind4 ,alt]?umskunde1 #bji2 ,h4 ,h4 ,wilson1 ,essays1 ii4 p4 #cad seq42 ,re9aud1 ,relations ,politiques et ,comm]ciales de l',empire ,roma9 avec l',asie ,c5tral1 ,p>is1 #ahfc2 ,priaulx1 ,travels ( ,apollonius & ! ,indian ,embassies to ,rome1 ,p>is1 #ahgc4 ,footnote #cb3 ,! "q ( ! disciples 9 ,john ix4 #b1 conc]n+ ! man :o 0 born bl9d1 8,:o did s91 ?is man or 8 p>5ts1 t he 0 born bl9d80 is alleg$ by ,pr(essor ,seydel 7,das ,evangelium von ,jesu 9 se95 ,v]hltniss5 zu ,buddha-,sage und ,buddha-,lehre7 to indicate an idea introduc$ into ! ,gospel f a =eign s\rce1 z ! doctr9e ( ! pre-exi/5ce ( s\ls 0 !n unkn[n among ! ,jews4 ,mey] 9 8 critical & exegetical ,h&book to ,/4 ,john's ,gospel has %[n t no "o requir$ to g outside ! sph]e ( ,jewi% ?\ght = an explanation ( ?is "p ( ! disciples' "q4 ,9 addition to 8 quotations f ! ,rabb9ical books illu/rat+ ?is ,jewi% belief1 ,ku55 9 8 brief criticism ( ,seydel adduces ano!r f ! ,wisdom ( ,solomon viii4 #bj1 z also r5d]+ ! ,buddhi/ d]ivation ( ?is 8?\ght q sup]flu\s0 7,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahhb1 ,app5dix74 ,_m in/ances ( agreem5t 9 ?\ght & phraseology ) ! ,gospels 9 passages 9 ,buddhi/ works are adduc$ by ,dr4 ,kellogg1 ,light ( ,asia1 etc41 p4 #acg seq41 & are satisfactorily acc\nt$ = by ! simil>ity ( circum/ances "u :i* ,buddha & ! ,savi\r taught & ! condition ( m5 :i* !y bo? p]ceiv$ & describ$4 ,footnote #cc3 ,lucius1 ,die ,!rapeut5 und ihre ,/ellung 9 d] ,ges*i*te d] ,askese1 ,/rassburg1 #ahhj2 also ,d] ,ess5ismus 9 se9em ,v]hltniss zum ,jud5?um1 ,/rassburg1 #ahha4 ,footnote #cd3 ,diss]tation 9 ,comm5t>y on ,colossians1 pp4 #aai1 #aeg4 ,footnote #ce3 ,jewi% ,w>s1 ii4 #h4 #b-ac2 ,antiq4 xiii4 #e4 #i2 xv4 #aj4 #d1 #e2 xviii4 #a4 #b-f4 ,footnote #cf3 ,ed]%eim1 ,life & ,times ( ,jesus ! ,messiah1 vol4 i4 p4 #cbe4 ,footnote #cg3 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahhb1 p4 #bjc4 ,footnote #ch3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 se9 ,leb51 se9e ,lehre1 se9e ,geme9de1 translat$ by ,w4 ,hoey1 #ahhb1 p4 #f2 ,williams & ,norgate4 ,footnote #ci3 ,dr4 ,joseph ,edk9s1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 pp4 #bej1 #cdc2 ,trbn]1 #ahhj4 ,footnote #dj3 ,f]gusson1 ,tree & ,s]p5t ,wor%ip1 ,introduction1 p4 #gg4 ,footnote #da3 ,?is mu/ be read 9 ! light ( ,pr(essor ,max ,mll]'s ,:at c ,india tea* u8 ,footnote #db3 ,luke viii4 #df4 ,footnote #dc3 ,ev5 ,ku55 & ,wellhaus5 assume z e/abli%$ t ,mono!ism %[s itself ) unmi/akable di/9ctness 9 ,hebrew prophecies ( ! eigh? c5tury ,b4,c4 7,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahhb1 p4 #aai2 ,!ological ,review1 #ahgd1 pp4 #cbi1 #ccf2 ,encyc4 ,brit41 art4 ,,israel74 ,pr(essor ,h4 ,s*ultz ma9ta9s t ,mono!ism 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,israel f ! "t ( ,moses d[nw>d1 among ! lead]s ( ?\ght at lea/4 7,altte/4 ,!olog41 #b;d ed41 #ahgh1 pp4 #ddj1 #deg47 ,footnote #dd3 ,light ( ,asia & ,light ( ! ,_w1 pp4 #dj1 #ajb1 #afa4 ,footnote #de3 ,web]1 ,indis*e ,/udi51 vol4 i4 p4 #djj2 ,j4 ,muir1 ,sanskrit ,texts1 p4 xxxiv2 ,lor9s]1 ,bhagavadgit1 ,app5dix1 translat$ by ,muir 9 ,ind4 ,antiq4 vol4 ii4 p4 #bhc4 ,footnote #df3 ,buddha1 se9 ,leb51 se9e ,lehre1 se9e ,geme9de1 translat$ by ,wm4 ,hoey1 #ahhb1 p4 #bib4 ,footnote #dg3 ,mll]1 ,gif=d ,lectures1 ,natural ,religion1 p4 #afi4 ,footnote #dh3 ,dr4 ,caird1 ,introduction to ! ,philosophy ( ,religion1 p4 #cdc seq4 ,footnote #di3 ,sir ,a4 ,mit*ell1 ,rh9d ,lectures = #ahgf & #ahgh1 ,! ,pa/ 9 ! ,pres5t1 pp4 #bjg1 #bad2 ,ed9burgh1 ,d\glas1 #ahhj4 ,footnote #ej3 ,:ately1 ,political ,economy1 p4 #fh4 ,footnote #ea3 ,max ,mll]1 ,gif=d ,lectures1 ,natural ,religion1 p4 #ed4 ,footnote #eb3 ,! savag]y ( a great city is 9 "s aspects m awful ?an t ( ,africa4 ,footnote #ec3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #aj4 ,footnote #ed3 ,tylor1 ,primitive ,culture1 vol4 i4 p4 #chj4 ,footnote #ee3 ,mll]1 ,introduction to ! ,sci5ce ( ,religion1 p4 #da2 ,*ips f a ,g]man ,work%op1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bed4 ,footnote #ef3 ,fairbairn1 ,/udies 9 ,religion & ,philosophy1 p4 #ac4 ,footnote #eg3 ,b>+ ,g\ld1 ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ,religi\s ,belief1 vol4 i4 p4 #aji4 ,footnote #eh3 8,nations10 says ,pr(essor ,goldw9 ,smi?1 8r$eem ea* o!r4 ,!y pres]ve = ea* o!r pr9ciples1 tru?s1 & hopes1 & aspirations :i*1 committ$ to ! keep+ ( "o1 might become ext9ct = ev]4 ,!y ?us n only raise ea* o!r aga9 :5 fall51 b !y prev5t ea* o!r f fall+40--,lectures on ! ,/udy ( ,hi/ory1 deliv]$ 9 ,ox=d #ahei-fa1 p4 #ga4 ,footnote #ei3 ,celsus1 quot+ our ,"l's say+1 ,matt4 xix4 #bd1 & ! exhortation to =give our enemies1 ,matt4 v4 #dc1 #de1 alleg$ !y 7 transf]r$ & co>sely p]v]t$ f ,plato1 de ,legibus1 & ,crito4--,orig51 contra ,celsum1 ,book vi4 *aps4 #ae1 #af1 & ,book vii4 *ap4 #fa4 ,footnote #fj3 ,en>r4 9 ,psalm4 cxl4 #f4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria reg>d$ ,greek philosophy z a or prep>atory discipl9e = ! reception ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 ,/rom4 vi4 *ap4 #h1 & z a /ep to some?+ high]1 1 ,/rom4 vi4 *ap4 #ag4 ,footnote #fa3 ,tr5*1 ,hulsean ,lectures = #ahdf1 p4 #aec4 ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,hi/orical ,,antec$5ts ,,( ,,buddhism ,,& ,,*ri/ianity1 ,,& ,,! ,,evid5tial ,,value ,,( ,,_! ,,respective ,,scriptures4 ,x %\ld be an advantage to ! /udy ( ,buddhism t ev5 9 its orig9 x confronts u z ! religion ( a p suffici5tly advanc$ 9 civilisation to be able to =mulate _! metaphysical conceptions & pres5t u ) _! religi\s beliefs organis$ 9 a sy/em4 ,l ,*ri/ianity x n only inh]it$ b also produc$ a consid]able & v miscellane\s lit]ature1 ^: cont5ts ?r[ valuable light ^u ! pa/ f :i* x em]g$ & ^u ! c\rse :i* x foll[$1 & l ,*ri/ianity x has left its /amp on mo/ ( ! in/itutions ( ! peoples among :om x 0 successfully propagat$4 ,:5 all ^! s\rces ( in=mation h be5 prop]ly inve/igat$1 we may hope t ! /ory ( ! rise & progress ( ,buddhism 9 ! ,ea/ w be reveal$ ) some?+ at lea/ ( ! cle>ness ) :i* ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity is disclos$ by ! lit]ature & art ( ! ,we/4 ,to trace1 h[ev]1 ! dawn & spread ( ,buddhism ) any?+ l hi/orical accuracy = ! fir/ six or sev5 hundr$ ye>s ( its c\rse1 is a task z yet beyond ! lit]>y ability ( ! times4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! mat]ials = su* a "w h z yet be5 collect$1 & he w\ld be a bold man :o w\ld claim = ! task ( sift+ :at has already be5 furni%$ m ?an an e>ne/ beg9n+4 ,n ev5 ,sa9t-,hilaire w\ld n[ repeat ! ass]tion s confid5tly made ?irty ye>s ago1#fb t 8no new discov]ies c *ange our conclusions reg>d+ x02 = dur+ ! pa/ g5]ation ! effect ( full] in=mation has be5 n only to modify1 b 9 sev]al in/ances to revolutionise ! !ories =m$ conc]n+ x4 ,discov]ies are multiply+ e ye>2 &1 ?\gh ! k ?us acquir$ s]ves (t5 m to reveal difficulties ?an to solve !m1 we may be ?ankful t ! exam9ation ( !m is engag+ ! att5tion ( ! highe/ ord] ( s*ol>%ip1 & hopeful1 yea1 ev5 confid5t t s9ce s _m ( ! able/ & mo/ pati5t m9ds are turn$ 9 ?is direction1 ! aggregate ( progress w spe$ily be imm5se4 ,all t we "k ( ,buddhism1 & all t we are likely to "k ( x1 is to be ga!r$ f its own ,scriptures2 & a comp>ison ( ^! ) ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures reveals at ! v outset a diff]5ce am\nt+ to a va/ contra/ betwe5 !m4 ,! orig9al ,scriptures ( ,*ri/ianity h be5 be=e ! tribunal ( ! _w's ke5e/ & mo/ ho/ile criticism = #ahjj ye>s2 b we are only n[ beg9n+ to make ! acqua9tance ( ! ,scriptures ( ,buddhism1 :i* h h>dly be5 subject$ to any cross-que/ion+ wor?y ( ! "n4 ,^? :o h v5tur$ to assail h only publi%$ _! inability to und]/& !m1 & ^? mo/ compet5t to criticise may be p>don$ if !y h&le t5d]ly ! fragm5ts :i* !y are collect+ & translat+ = our use4 ,! s]vices :i* !y are ?us r5d]+ to religion z well z to sci5ce are v great4 ,previ\sly we _h only an?ologies extract$ (t5 )\t ref]5ce to date or au?or%ip or connection to judge f1 b n[ ^! le>n$ pundits are furni%+ u ) books conta9+ n only ! wisdom & beauties ( ,ea/]n lit]ature1 b its follies & blemi%es z well4 ,omitt+ only :at is obsc5e & (f5sive to ! moral s5se1#fc !y are giv+ u specim5s ( sev]al /rata ( ,ori5tal ?\ght & belief1 v]tically & ?or\ghly cut1 f :i* a correct und]/&+ ( ! ess5tial features ( ?is v peculi> religion may ) consid]able probability be asc]ta9$4 ,only a portion ( ! ,buddhi/ ,scriptures are z yet available1 & ^! we are c]ta9ly n at lib]ty to place side by side z ( equal evid5tial value ) ! cont5ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is said t two ?\s& manuscripts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 or ( portions ( x1 h be5 discov]$1 sev]al ( :i* are ( great antiquity1 & not)/&+ ! imm5se numb] ( v>i\s read+s on po9ts ( detail1 ! text ( ! olde/ corresponds sub/antially ) t ( ! books z we h !m to-day4 ,we are in=m$1 h[ev]1 on ! be/ au?ority1 t 8all ,indian manuscripts are comp>atively mod]n1 t no manuscript writt5 "o ?\s& ye>s ago is n[ exi/5t 9 ,india1 & t x is almo/ impossible to f9d "o writt5 five hundr$ ye>s ago2 = mo/ manuscripts :i* claim to be ( t date are m]ely copies ( old ones1 ! dates ( :i* are repeat$ by ! copyi/s40#fd ,x is admitt$1 moreov]1 t ! lit]>y hone/y ( ^! ,indian translators & copyi/s is v que/ionable1 t ! books ( ! ,buddhi/s h und]gone :olesale textual alt]ations1 t none ( ! ,sanskrit works z yet kn[n to u are unadult]at$ specim5s ( transmitt$ doctr9es1 t ! olde/ & mo/ reliable au?orities = ! life ( ,buddha exagg]ate greatly ev5ts :i* are said to h happ5$1 & ascribe to him long disc\rses ( :i* ! writ]s !mselves 7 ! compos]s4#fe ,9 respect1 !re=e1 ( lit]>y accuracy & fai?fulness ( purpose1 ^! old compil]s & re-editors ( ! ,buddhi/ books are f> bel[ ! /&>d :i* criticism has inexorably appli$ to ! v]sioni/s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures4 ,! fai?fulness ( our ,engli% v]sions is v\*$ = by ! names ( ! translators1 & yet !y admit t _! translations are only approximations4#ff ,f ! v nature ( ! case !y mu/ be s4 ,! ,ea/ is v f> di/ant f ! ,we/2 its ways are n our ways2 its ?\ghts are n our ?\ghts4 ,"s "o has said t 8! ,iliad is sep>at$ f ! ,rig ,v$a by an int]val ( sev]al civilisations02 & if s1 h[ va/ mu/ be ! gulf sep>at+ ,v$ic & ev5 ,buddhi/ metaphysicians f ! ,briti% philosoph] ( to-day6 ,x is simply impossible = ! mo/ imp>tial translator to put himself 9 ! place ( ! anci5t ,indian sage1 & to prev5t 8 own preconceptions f ins9uat+ !mselves among ! data ) :i* he has to deal4 ,he has to express1 z we h be5 rem9d$1 8a l[] ord] ( ideas 9 a high] ord] ( t]ms1 & use words sugge/+ a weal? ( analysis & association q =eign to ! ?\ght to be reproduc$4 ,translation f a l[] to a high] language is ?us a process ( elevation40#fg ,9 read+ ^! translations & ! books f\nd$ ^u !m1 we h con/antly to gu>d aga9/ giv+ to su* t]ms z 8s910 8lu/10 8salvation10 8law10 8*ur*10 & _m o!rs1 our ,*ri/ian conceptions ( !m4 ,we are (t5 p]plex$ :e!r ! phrases employ$1 & ev5 ! v titles ( ! treatises1 be really ! equival5ts ( ! anci5t texts & titles1 or n9ete5? c5tury conceptions ( :at !y may be made to mean4 ,a ,european s*ol> inh]it+ ! results ( ages ( ,*ri/ian culture may be m likely to int]pret ! rea* ( an old ,buddhi/ expression ?an ! monk :o fir/ us$ x2 b he is always 9 dang] ( conf\nd+ t rea* ) 8 own firm grasp ( tru?1 & ( express+ 8 conceptions by phraseology :i*1 if x c\ld be expla9$ to ! anci5t1 w\ld be reject$ by him z inconsi/5t ) 8 orig9al mean+4 ,ano!r /rong contra/ betwe5 ! two sets ( scriptures em]ges :5 we attempt to fix ! dates at :i* ! e>lie/ ,buddhi/ works 7 produc$4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t is admitt$ by au?orities :o _c be accus$ ( prejudice 9 fav\r ( ,*ri/ianity & ev5 by anti*ri/ian critics1 to conta9 ! actual writ+s ( "s ( ! orig9al disciples ( ,jesus4 ,! v late/ ( ! books :i* compose x 0 9 circulation )9 a c5tury aft] ,8 dea?1 :ile ! great bulk ( !m 7 accept$ be=e half a c5tury _h pass$ z ! te/imonies ( ^? :o 7 eye-witnesses ( ! rise ( our religion4#fh ,m4 ,r5an admits t ! ?ree ,synoptical ,gospels are ! 8t5d] remembrances & simple n>ratives ( ! fir/ & second g5]ations ( ,*ri/ians1 writt5 9 sub/antially _! pres5t =m by ! m5 ^: names !y be>40#fi ,! epi/le ( ,/4 ,james & sev]al ( ! epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul are almo/ n[ unanim\sly accept$ z ! products ( ! fir/ g5]ation4 ,mons4 ,e4 ,burn\f !re=e may safely av] t 8! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e & wor%ip be>s ! cr[n ov] all o!rs 9 respect t its records are complete40#gj ,:at ( ^! records are compris$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?\gh tri$ by ! sev]e/ ( te/s1 cont9ues to-day z !y 7 eighte5 c5turies ago deliv]$ to ! ,*ur*4 ,?\gh ! v>i\s read+s 9 ! mss4 are said to be c\nt$ by #bjj1jjj1 h>dly "o ( !m c be said to affect a fundam5tal doctr9al or hi/orical /atem5t2 & s out/&+ & di/9ct is _! canonical "* t x requires no ext]nal au?ority1 b only comp>ison ) !m1 to disclose :at ( e>ly ,*ri/ian lit]ature is to be reg>d$ z apocryphal4 ,! evid5ce on :i* ,ori5tali/s h to rely 9 fix+ ! date ( ! ,buddhi/ scriptures is confess$ly su* 8t we mu/ n be surpris$ if ^? :o are accu/om$ to te/ hi/orical & *ronological evid5ce 9 ref]5ce to ,greece & ,rome decl9$ to be conv9c$ by x40#ga ,= c5turies aft] ! dea? ( ,buddha 8 foll[]s assure u t !y _h no writt5 books con/itut+ _! rules ( fai? & mann]s4 ,! e>lie/ writt5 collection ( :i* 9 _! own records we h any hi/orical trace is t ( ,ceylon1 & all t c be said ( x is 8t !re is no?+ improbable0 t "p ( x may h be5 r$uc$ to writ+ ab\t ! fir/ c5tury ,b4,c41 b ! :ole 0 only fix$ ab\t #dbj ,a4,d4 ,! ,nepaulese collection is said to date only f ! fir/ ,*ri/ian c5tury2 b x is n alleg$ t ! :ole ( ! works n[ 9 x 7 ev5 !n 9 exi/5ce4 ,accord+ to _! own tradition1 !y _h no writt5 biography ( ,buddha till ab\t ! fir/ c5tury ( our era1 & no "o :o has exam9$ t n>rative or read ! op9ions express$ by ,ori5tali/s z to ! date :5 x 0 produc$--op9ions s div]g5t z to indicate a diff]5ce ( sev]al c5turies--w\ld ev] dream ( employ+ x z evid5ce ( :at is alleg$ 9 x to h happ5$4 ,x is simply impossible1 !re=e1 to reg>d ! ,buddhi/'s ,pitakas z if !y 7 ( simil> au?oritative value ) ! ,new ,te/am5t1 =1 9 fact1 9 respect ( canonical wor? !y d n des]ve to be rank$ ) mu* ( our lat] patri/ic lit]ature4 ,a v high antiquity1 h[ev]1 is claim$ by ,buddhi/s = ^! collections4 ,accord+ to ! ,dipavanso1 _! e>lie/ available *ronicle1 dat+ only f ! fif? c5tury ,a4,d41 ! doctr9es orally communicat$ by ,buddha to 8 disciples 7 by !m imm$iately aft] 8 dea? revis$ & classifi$ "u ! ?ree divisions ( ,v9aya1 ,abhidh>ma1 & ,sutta1 9 :i* !y h always s9ce !n be5 pres]v$4 ,?is collection hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! crucible ( a c\ncil held at ,vaisali a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 0 fix$ z canonical at ano!r held 9 ! reign ( ,asoka ab\t #bdb ,b4,c4 ,x is urg$ t a canon1 to be au?oritative1 does n require to be writt51 & t ,indians claim = "o orally transmitt$ high] au?ority ?an = "o transcrib$4 ,! art ( writ+ 0 probably unkn[n 9 ,india 9 ,buddha's "t1 & s1 ?r[n back ^u _! res\rces1 memory 0 by ! ,indians cultivat$ to an ext5t :i* enabl$ !m to disp5se ) me?ods deem$ by ne>ly all o!r peoples to be ess5tial to accuracy4 ,em95t ,ori5tali/s !re=e1 :ile reg>d+ ! acc\nt ( ! fir/ c\ncil z apocryphal1 are yet incl9$ to admit--f ! id5tity ( ! ?reefold division 9 all ! s*ools t h be5 te/$1 f ! simil>ity ( ! titles ( ! cont5ts ( all ! v>i\s collections1 & especially f ! quality ( ! writ+s !mselves--t ! tradition record$ 9 ! ,dipavanso is well f\nd$1 & t consid]able portions ( ! ,v9aya & ,sutta lit]ature may date f a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,buddha4 ,9 assum+ s mu*1 h[ev]1 ^! s*ol>s by no means believe t !y h f\nd 9 ^! texts ! actual tea*+ ( ,buddha 9 an unadult]at$ condition4 ,:ile n ?9k+ x possible to impugn ! sub/antial accuracy ( ! ,v9aya texts1 ?\gh giv5 9 ,pali translations ( ! lo/ dialect 9 :i* !y 7 orig9ally prea*$1 !y tell u t ! olde/ ( ! ,sutta texts are 8n 8 tea*+s nor ! tea*+s ( 8 imm$iate disciples1 :o c\ld n h spok5 ( him 9 ! mann] 9 :i* he is !re describ$4 ,!y are only f\nd$ on 8 tea*+s1 & record exi/+ beliefs z to ! doctr9es :i* he actually taught40#gb ,= 8! fundam5tal & orig9al doctr9es !y may be accept$ z fairly tru/wor?y au?orities10 b = ! facts ( 8 life !y are ev5 at ! be/ v que/ionable guides4 ,ne>] to ! orig9 ( ,buddhism & ( ! p]son ( its f\nd] we are n likely to get ?an 9 ! book entitl$ by its translator ! ,sutta ( ! ,great ,decease2 b he confesses t ev5 9 x we are /&+ on any?+ b solid gr\nd1 & t we are only able to cat* a di/ant & mo/ unc]ta9 glimpse ( ! figure ( ! great ,tea*] z he comes out at r>e int]vals f ! mi/ ( leg5ds :i*1 design$ to adorn & magnify1 h 9 reality dim9i%$ & obscur$ 8 real p]sonality4 ,= our k ( ,buddhism1 !re=e1 we h = c5turies only oral traditions to rely ^u4 ,( ^! traditions only a portion may be trac$ approximately to ! times ( ,buddha1 & ( ! fragm5ts :i* c possibly be trac$ n "o conta9s a n>rative nor any hi/orical ref]5ce to pass+ ev5ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 our k ( ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity is d]iv$ n f fragm5ts ( oral tradition1 b f a set ( canonical writ+s1 _m ( !m traceable close to ! g5]ation t witness$ ,*ri/'s dea?1 9 :i* ! /ory ( ,8 m9i/ry is set 9 hi/orical relation to ! age 9 :i* ,he appe>$1 & ,8 peculi> doctr9es are s fix$ t any addition to !m is at once recognis$ z spuri\s4 ,betwe5 ! extremes ( criticism z to ! p]iod cov]$ by ! life ( ,*ri/ !re is a diff]5ce ( only half a doz5 ye>s2 b !re is a diff]5ce 9 ,buddhi/ traditions ( m ?an a ?\s& ye>s z to ! date ( ,buddha's bir?1 & ev5 ,european s*ol>s1 aft] c>efully sift+ traditions & writ+s1 h only be5 able approximately to fix dates = 8 dea? rang+ ov] a p]iod ( #age ye>s4#gc ,= hi/orical accuracy1 !re=e1 ! traditions are z wor?less z !y are = any photographic pres5tation ( ! v>i\s p]sons :o figure 9 !m4 ,9 tru? we h 9 !m nei!r *ronology nor biography4 ,ev5ts & actors are equally indi/9ct2 we h only a backgr\nd )\t any p]spective1 & pa/ebo>d puppets project$ aga9/ x :i* might be designat$ by any "n :atev]4 ,ev5 9 respect ( transmission ( doctr9e1 oral tradition 0 f\nd v e>ly to h fail$4 ,! reason giv5 9 _! *ronicles = resort+ to writ+ is confession suffici5t t !y consid]$ t me?od ( pres]v+ ! deposit ( ! fai? a saf] "o4#gd ,s div]g5t _h ! r5d]+s & s corrupt _h ! texts become--8= ev5 ! monks ( ! great c\ncil 7 blam$ = turn+ ! religion upside d[n1 = di/ort+ ! s5se & tea*+ ( ! five ,nikayas1 = ca/+ aside t ,sutta & ,v9aya1 & mak+ imitations ( !m *ang+ ?is to t#ge--t ! pr(\ndly wise prie/s1 =esee+ ! p]dition ( ! p 7f ! p]v]sion ( ! doctr9es71 & 9 ord] t ! religion might endure = ages1 wrote ! same 9 books40#gf ,be=e ?is "t ! _m s*isms :i* _h aris5 7 p[]ful illu/rations ( ! evils :i* ! 8pr(\ndly wise0 transcrib]s deplor$1 & ( t fall+ away f ! orig9al cre$ :i* ?is religion _h already suff]$ = lack ( a secur$ basis ( fai?4#gg ,= ! want ( an au?oritative /&>d told v sev]ely aga9/ ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,buddhism4 ,its rapid & widespread ext5sion 0 due1 n s mu* to ! natural developm5t ( its own pr9ciples z to its assimilation ( ! ext]nal & =eign influ5ces ) :i* x came 9 contact4 ,its advance 0 ! result m ( compromise ?an ( conque/4#gh ,x welcom$ or tol]at$1 at lea/ x c\ld n or did n def5d itself aga9/ ! introduction ( _m p>asitical g]ms :i* 7 de/9$ to arre/ its gr[? & pass into its life4 ,z ! ivy cov]s & adorns ! oak only to suck away ) its million m\?s its /r5g?1 s ! popul> beliefs :i* ,buddhism incorporat$ f )\t1 z well z ! defections f ! orig9al tea*+ :i* took place )9 x1 produc$ v soon ^u x alt]ations s ext5sive t its f\nd] w\ld h disclaim$ or w\ld h be5 really unable to recognise x z 8 own4 ,no temptation happ5$ to ,buddhism1 h[ev]1 b su* z is common to all ! high] religions4 ,z f> z obs]vation & exp]i5ce g1 ! l[] types ( religion cont9ue un*ang$2 b ^? t confront u ^u a high] level are 9 a p]petual flux1 9 :i* *ange does n always indicate progress4 ,in/ead ( trac+ _! pa? by ! sup]/itions :i* !y h outgr[n1 _! c\rse may be indicat$ by ^? :i* !y h incorporat$4 ,man1 9 8 exodus ( fai?1 is always tempt$ to g back to ! condition f :i* he has em]g$1 or to fall away to ! religions by :i* he is surr\nd$4 ,mosaism & ,*ri/ianity _h to pass ?r\gh ?is trial1 & c]ta9ly !y did n pass ?r\gh x unsca!d4 ,!y suff]$ f ! corruption ( popul> sup]/itions & ( ,pagan rites1 all ( :i*1 z 9 ! case ( ,buddhism1 7 def5d$ by an appeal to tradition4 ,j z e ,buddhi/ innovator 0 ready ) "s =gott5 say+ or ,sutta alleg$ to h be5 deliv]$ by ! 8,bless$ ,"o10 sometimes miracul\sly pres]v$ ?r\gh ! ages till ! necessity = ! revelation arose1 s ! ,popes & ! ,fa!rs ( ,*ri/5dom 7 nev] at a loss = au?orities :51 pr(ess+ to develop & def9e1 !y 9 reality 7 add+ to ! fai? & ! wor%ip & ! claims ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b ,*ri/ianity f ! v e>lie/ possess$ :at ,buddhism = a long p]iod lack$4 ,9 its canonical writ+s x cons]v$ n only a *eck ^u ?is apo/asy1 b a security = re=mation4 ,me*anical ?\gh x seems1 !re 0 a provid5ce 9 ! e>ly committal to writ+ ( su* books z compose our ,bibles4 ,9 ! fact t _! successive disclosures ( tru? 7 ?us regi/]$ !re is m significance ?an at fir/ appe>s4 ,x is admitt$ by all t man's progress dep5ds 9 no small degree on 8 ability to secure & h& d[n ! treasures ( 8 wisdom & exp]i5ce4 ,! art ( writ+ is ?us recognis$ to be "o ( ! mo/ mov+ p[]s 9 ! _w4 ,! nations t h dep5d$ ^u x = ! transmission ( k inh]it$ or acquir$1 h c]ta9ly made m progress 9 religion & civilisation ?an ^? t h neglect$ or despis$ x4 ,x is significant t ! writ]s ( ! ,bible h all recognis$ ?is condition ( human progress1 & t _m ( !m h repres5t$ !mselves z in/ruct$ by ! ,div9e au?ority1 f :om !y pr(ess to h receiv$ _! communications1 to make !m p]man5t 9 popul> language & 9 pla9 writt5 =m4#gi ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,hebrews !re is n a s+le record$ in/ance ( religi\s re=mation 9 :i* ! law & ! te/imony1 or ! scrolls ( ! prophets1 did n play an important "p4 ,9 l mann] ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* embodies ! ideals & p]petuates ! /&>d :i* is to regulate its c\rse1 n only sav$ ,*ri/ianity f ! p]ils :i* ?reat5$ its e>lie/ spread1 b has (t5 rescu$ x f ! degradation into :i* x has fall54 ,canonical books may only give1 z x has be5 said1 8! reflect$ image ( ! real doctr9es ( ! f\nd] ( a religion1 an image always blurr$ & di/ort$ by ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* x has to pass02#hj b 9 ! case ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ! ,*ur* has nev] develop$1 or ?\ght x possible to develop1 a pur] reflection4 ,advance z x may1 ! ,*ur* nev] c outgr[ ! ideals ( its y\?1 & *ange :at x pleases1 x nev] c improve !m4 ,:5ev] ! ,*ur* assum$ supremacy ov] its law1 & :5ev] tradition sup]s$$ its te/imony1 x yield$ to ! dis9tegrat+ influ5ces ( hea!nism4 ,x 0 rapidly laps+ into poly!ism :5 ,mohamm$ rose ) a spuri\s & mutilat$ v]sion ( ! ,scriptures to recall x to ! witness ( true ,scriptures to ! unity & sov]eignty ( ,god4 ,lat] on1 :5 s9k+ ?r\gh =malism into sup]/ition & sorc]y almo/ z degrad+ z any ,indian1 ,lu!r1 by ! re-discov]y ( ! ,greek ,te/am5t1 br\ght ab\t a re=mation :i* n only sav$ ,europe1 b has creat$ a new ,we/]n & ,s\!rn _w4 ,9 e revival & e advance :i* has tak5 place s9ce !n !re may be trac$1 directly or indirectly1 ! reg5]ative influ5ces ( ! ,*ri/ian orig9als4 ,on its human side ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* w always be 9 dang] ( los+ its pure conceptions & noble aims 9 gross] =ms ( belief & 9 l[] ambitions2 b high ov] all its degradation t[]s 9 its e>ly ,scriptures ! maje/y & spirituality ( its ,div9e au?ority1 & we h only to look up to be fir/ convict$1 !n attract$ & r$eem$4 ,! pure/ sections ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ! sure/ & ! fir/ to outgr[ all unwor?y expressions ( ,*ri/ianity1 are ^? :i* adh]e mo/ closely to ! orig9al rule ( fai? & wor%ip4 ,x is q possible t we 8may be only too apt to make a feti* ( our sacr$ books02#ha b someh[ ! ,*ri/ian communities t mo/ rev]e _! sacr$ books %[ t !y are lea/ likely to fall into ?is dang]4 ,! m we obey ! ,scriptures1 ! less likely are we to idolise !m4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t1 s f> f atta*+ any my/ical or talismanic value to its cont5ts1 tells u t ! lett] kille?1 & ! _s alone give? life4 ,x is o!rwise ) ! ,buddhi/ ,tripitaka4 ,its au?ors claim m]itori\s efficacy n only = ! repetition ( its s5t5ces1 b = ! v s\nd ( its words1 8z if !y 7 capable ( elevat+ e "o :o he>s !m to heav5ly abodes 9 future exi/5ce40 ,sir ,moni] ,williams has illu/rat$ ?is by a leg5d long curr5t1 n 9 nor!rn ,buddhi/ c\ntries1 b 9 ,ceylon1 :]e a pur] ,buddhism prevails4 ,accord+ to x1 two monks 7 he>d by five hundr$ bats recit+ 9 a cave ! law ( ,buddha1 & !y by m]ely he>+ ga9$ su* m]it t 9 dea? !y 7 re-born z m51 & ultimately ?r\gh successive re-bir?s 7 rais$ to ! fell[%ip ( ! gods4#hb ,( c\rse ?is is simply a leg5d1 a ?+ ( hay or /raw t has got mix$ ) ! pur] primitive fai?2 b x indicates t ! c\rse ( ! curr5t fl[s 9 q an opposite direction f ! fai? :i* all[s itself to be dom9at$ & guid$ by ! canon ( ,holy ,scriptures4 ,! quality ( ! cont5ts ( ! two sets ( writ+s is n "u discussion1 b we _c help rem>k+ "o *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures :i* is n likely to em]ge 9 our longe/ acqua9tance ) ! ,buddhi/ books4 ,no "o ev] expects t ! g5u95ess ( ! cont5ts ( ! ,tripitaka w ev] be discuss$ ) any?+ l ! int5sity & ac]bity ) :i* we h discuss$ ! g5u95ess ( ! books ( ! ,bible4 ,! long & fi]ce cont5d+s t h be5 wag$ ov] ea* portion ( ! ,gospels w nev] take place ov] any ( ! ,suttas4 ,we h be5 work+ = five c5turies to secure a prop] ,engli% translation ( ! ,holy ,bible1 & we are n satisfi$ ) x yet3 does any "o expect a simil> exp5diture ( lab\r to secure a prop] v]sion ( ! ,tripitaka8 ,x is possible t s*ol>%ip w by & by exhau/ ?is p>ticul> field ( ,ori5tal rese>*1 & 8hav+ catalogu$ its discov]ies w put !m aside & proce$ to m int]e/+ /udies02 b ?\gh m5 h qu>rell$ ab\t & que/ion$ ! ,holy ,scriptures = eighte5 c5turies !y are n likely to come to a t]m ( _! ho/ility or curiosity4 ,! ceaseless endeav\r to disprove1 refute1 %[s t we _c get rid ( !m4 ,!re mu/ be some?+ ei!r 9 ! hi/ory ( _! production or ! quality ( _! cont5ts1 or ! range ( _! influ5ce1 :i* sep>ates !m f all sacr$ books ( ! type ( ! ,buddhi/ ,tripitaka4 ,c]ta9ly we _c conceive x possible t any ( ^! s-call$ ,bibles ( o!r religions w ev] among any civilis$ p supplant ! ,*ri/ian ,bible4 8,"o *apt] ( ,isaiah10 says ,qu9et1#hc 8has m 9 x ?an a :ole ,republic ( ,plato40 ,"o ,psalm ( ,david w outweigh all ! religi\s lore ( ! ,v$as4 ,"o s5t5ce ( ,moses1 8,! ,"l our ,god is "o ,"l3 ,i ! ,"l am holy10 is wor? all ! speculations ( ! dev\t & le>n$ au?ors ( ! ,upani%ads4 ,n t ! ,republic1 ! ,v$as1 ! ,upani%ads are to be despis$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! m !y are /udi$ ! m likely is ! ,bible to be rev]$1 = ! tru? t is 9 !m is only prophetic ( tru? :i* c\ld n !n be reveal$ & receiv$4 ,we may outlive & outgr[ ! tea*+ ( ^! wise anci5ts1 b we h n yet transc5d$ ! orig9als ( ,*ri/ianity1 & x is n at all likely t we ev] %all4 ,!re is an end to ! p]fection ( all o!r sy/ems1 b "h is 8a comm&m5t exce$+ broad10 8^: l9e has gone ?r\gh all ! e>?1 & its ^w to ! end ( ! _w40 ,f ?is slight notice ( ! lit]ature :i* ,buddhism has produc$ let u proce$ to glance at ! lit]ature :i* x inh]it$1 ) ! view ( cat*+ a glimpse ( ! conditions out ( :i* x arose4 ,z ) man's language1 s is x ) 8 o!r di/9ctive bir?right3 we c only und]/& a religion :5 we h asc]ta9$ its antec$5ts4 ,*ri/ianity em]g$ f a previ\s religion ( :i* x pr(ess$ to be ! complem5t4 ,our ,"l appe>$ among a p ^: spiritual hi/ory ext5d$ ov] sev]al ?\s& ye>s4 ,!y _h a sacr$ canon1 pr(ess+ to regi/] ! successive ,div9e revelations made to _! ance/ors1 :i* 0 fix$ z we h x n[ at lea/ two1 & p]haps m1 c5turies be=e ,he came4 ,in/ead ( break+ ) ! pa/ ,he ackn[l$g$ & appropriat$ x2 in/ead ( abrogat+ _! law1 ,he fulfill$ x2 in/ead ( dis[n+ _! prophets ,he claim$ !m z ,8 witnesses4 ,9 prosecut+ ,8 mission ,he br\ght ^u ,himself ! fi]ce antagonism ( ! exi/+ ,*ur*1 ^: lead]s 9 less ?an ?ree ye>s succe$$ 9 hav+ ,him crucifi$2 b ,8 con/ant appeal 0 to _! ev]-v5]at$ ,scriptures4 ,8 apo/les aga9 record & exp\nd ! incid5ts ( ,8 m9i/ry & ,8 dea? z realis+ ! pre-intimations ( _! anci5t rites1 & z fulfill+ all _! prophecies2 & all along fai? 9 ! ,div9e orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity is nev] suppos$ to be weak5$ b to be greatly confirm$ by an appeal to ! religion :i* x annull$ & supplant$4 ,n[ ,buddhism grew out ( ,brahmanism1 b h[ev] div]g5t _! relations ev5tually became1 x 0 orig9ally accept$ z a natural consequ5ce ( x4 ,unlike ,*ri/ianity & ,judaism1 !re 0 = long no trace ( s]i\s antagonism betwe5 ! ,brahmans & _m g5]ations ( ! successors ( ,buddha4 ,brahmans =m$ a consid]able portion ( 8 foll[]s1 & 9 reg>d to 8 tea*+1 8 doctr9es1 :]e n id5tical1 7 n likely to (f5d !m4 ,/4 ,paul sc&alis$ ! ,ph>isees by prea*+ t outw>d ,jewi% connection m>k$ by ! seal ( circumcision pr(it$ no?+1 b long be=e ,buddha's "t ,brahman tea*]s _h decl>$1 z he did1 to t mo/ exclusive ( ! ,indian elect1 t ! true ,brahman 0 n a p]son born )9 ! sacr$ ca/e1 b only ! ?\ghtful & self-controll$ man3#hd t a bad m9d & wick$ de$s are :at defile a man1 & t no outw>d obs]vances c purify him4#he ,buddha has be5 designat$ z ! be/ & wise/ & greate/ ( ,h9dus2 8a re=m] ( ,h9duism :o ignor$ its sup]/itions & follies1 & s\ght to elevate & ref9e its dogmas40#hf ,x is n[ consid]$ v que/ionable :e!r ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two sy/ems ev] grew into ho/ility involv+ p]secution ( ! new religion by ! old4 ,! two /reams ( ,h9du belief seem = long 9 _! c\rse 9 ,india to h fl[$ peaceably side by side1 & if ,buddhism ev5tually disappe>$ f ,india z a sep>ate & di/9ct sy/em1 x 0 n altoge!r because x 0 cru%$ by p]secution1 b because x return$ to enri* & modify ! religion f :i* x orig9ally p>t$4#hg ,buddhism 0 ?us an (fspr+ ( ,brahmanism1 b ,brahmanism 0 itself ! product ( a religion old] /ill4 ,beh9d ,buddhism lies a great & undef9$ pa/1 a pa/ ) no hi/ory 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 & absolutely )\t *ronology2 b out ( ?is va/ & nebul\s era !re has be5 extract$ a ri* traditional lit]ature1 & ,ori5tal s*ol>s work+ on pr9ciples simil> to ^? by :i* geologic p]iods are det]m9$1#hh are endeav\r+ by an exam9ation ( ! v>i\s civilisations reflect$ 9 t lit]ature to e/abli% ! lead+ /ages 9 ! gr[? ( prehi/oric ,indian ?\ght4 ,! sacr$ books ( ,india disclose suffici5tly 9 outl9e ! social & religi\s progress ( ! p f a p]iod ( great antiquity4 ,no "o c tell :5 ! olde/ fragm5ts ( !m 7 orig9ally compos$1 b "s ( !m are said to h be5 9 circulation among ! ,aryans :5 "o immigrant cont+5t ( !m _h arriv$ at ! conflu5ce ( ,jumna ) ! ,ganges1#hi & if s1 !y image = u ! life & beliefs ( a p :o mu/ h be5 contempor>ies ) ,moses "s fifte5 c5turies at late/ be=e ! com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,x is n[ ass]t$ t ?is ,aryan immigration _h be5 prec$$ f ! same qu>t] by an e>li] "o1 9 a pa/ s v remote t ! ,indians _h lo/ completely ! memory ( x1 & t by ! "t ?is second wave _h rea*$ ! nor?-we/ ,gangetic tracts1 ! fir/ _h pu%$ its way z f> ea/ z ! delta1 :]e fir/ vanqui%+ x f9ally amalgamat$ ) ! aborig9al tribes4 ,x is suppos$ t f out ( ?is e>lie/ section arose ! natural ance/ors ( ,buddha1 :ile 9 ! second & intellectually sup]ior section we mu/ look = ! religi\s tea*]s f :om 8 spiritual l9eage is to be trac$4#ij ,= ) !m 7 introduc$ ! ,v$as1 reveal+ ! e>lie/ =ms ( civilisation & religion 9 t great section ( ! human family to :i* we ourselves belong4 ,we see pictur$ 9 ! ,rig-,v$a a p :o1 9 complexion1 mann]1 & rites1 7 at fir/ z di/9ct f ! native ,indian races z 7 ! ,israelites f ^? ( ,canaan4 ,patri>*al 9 _! in/itutions1 pa/oral or agricultural 9 _! pursuits1 !y confront u z a primitive b c]ta9ly n a b>b>\s folk4 ,nurtur$ by ! invigorat+ climate & magnific5t sc5]y ( an ance/ral home 8on ! v ro( ( ! _w10 !y _h rea*$ a social condition 9 :i*1 9 a language fitly call$ 8poli%$10 or 8c>efully made0 7,sanskrita71 !y 7 z fitly call$ 8,aryan0 or 8noble40 ,!y practis$ ! arts ( ,jabal & ,jubal1 v5]at$ _! sages & poets1 & call$ _! wives & daught]s by names ( beauty & grace l t ( ,naamah4 ,_! religion1 ?\gh poly!i/ic1 0 n inspir$ by dread ( evil spirits or awe ( ance/ral %ades1 b by wond] ( ! _w ar\nd !m & _! own awak5+ in/9cts4 ,man 9 ^! anci5t fragm5ts1 z 9 ! fir/ pages ( our ,bible1 is evid5tly a creature transc5d+ ! savage1 & made 9 a div9] image ?an ! type f :i* x is ma9ta9$ he mu/ h sprung4 ,in/ead ( consort+ ) or wor%ipp+ ! animals1 he ex]cises dom9ion ov] !m2 he que/ions himself & ! heav5s & ! e>? conc]n+ _! orig9 & au?or1 & ) "s div9e au!ntic in/9ct :i* he has nev] lo/1 he seems to be gr[+ into ! feel+ t n only ! tr9ity ( sup]natural p[]s :i* he wor%ipp$1 b 8 v self1 are ! *ildr5 ( "s primordial & et]nal ,dyaus1 ! fa!r ( all4 ,:ile ! e>lie/ light t falls ^u our ance/ors reveals !m z a religi\s p1 ^: wor%ip1 simple & rudim5t>y z x 01 indicat$ a s5se ( inf]iority1 & also1 z "o :o ought to "k in=ms u1 8"s s5se ( flaw 9 ! relation%ip1 "s concept ( s9 & guilt10#ia to ! deities wor%ipp$1 x is to be not$ t gods & m5 7 felt to be too mu* ak9 to all[ ( spiritual aspiration1 or ( high moral significance 9 man's religi\s acts4 ,! e?ical or r spiritual elem5ts s vital to ! ,biblical conceptions ( religion may n be q =eign to ! e>lie/ ,v$a1 b !y are scantily1 if at all1 repres5t$ 9 x4 ,no pray] c be said to h ev] be5 direct$ to obta9 =giv5ess1 or gr[? 9 goodness1 9 ! ,bible s5se4 ,! s9n] 0 = ! mo/ "p only a default] 9 respect ( (f]+s1 & 8 guilt 0 t ( a p]son :o refus$ to r5d] homage4 ,t ! gods might be able to wat* ov] & enri* mank9d1 !y _h to be f$ & su/a9$4 ,! wor%ipp] 0 ?us 9 a c]ta9 degree necess>y to ! wor%ipp$4 ,! s5se ( submissive gratitude to ! ,deity :i* meets u 9 ! e>lie/ fragm5ts ( ! ,bible is n express$1 = religion 0 conceiv$ ( z a k9d ( ex*ange 9 :i* m5 pur*as$ a "r to div9e help by s]vice r5d]$1 & 8ea* man satisfi$ 8 high] in/9ct accord+ to 8 own conception ( ! "* ( ! be+ on ^: fav\r 8 welf>e 0 ?\ght to dep5d40#ib ,c5turies lat]1 9 ano!r /rata ( sacr$ lit]ature1 compos$ 9 prose1 dogmatic & liturgic 9 "*1 & designat$ ,brahmanas1#ic we behold ! same bran* ( ! ,aryan family 9 a fur!r /age ( _! hi/ory4 ,_! patri>*al age has vani%$1 & _! h]oic seems pass+ into ! ari/ocratic & hi]>*ic4 ,ca/e has appe>$ z ! inv>iable att5dant ^u conque/1 :5 ! victor is sep>at$ f ! vanqui%$ by language1 complexion1 & religion4 ,x is n s mu* ca/e1 h[ev]1 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ! ^w1 z class1 /]nly prohibit+ m>riage n only ) ! aborig9al tribes1 b betwe5 p]sons ( unequal rank1 & anticipat+ ! organisation ( ,european society 9 ! middle ages4 ,9 ! nobles1 :o 7 subord9ate only to ! ,*ur*1 ! burgh]s or m]*ants socially di/9ct f & inf]ior to ! nobles1 & 9 ! ville9s or s]fs ( ! conqu]$ t]ritories1 we h an exact p>allel to ! old ,indian sy/em1 9 :i* ,sudra1 ,vaisya1 ,k%atrya1 all =m$ /eps 9 a social pyramid1 on ! top ( :i* ! ,brahman 0 ?ron$4#id ,?us e>ly 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,indian p em]g$ t sac]dotal in/itution :i* 0 to ex]cise s p[]ful & ev5tually s s9i/] an influ5ce ^u _! religi\s progress4 ,9 ,v$ic times ! fa!r ( ! family & ! rajah ( ! clan 7 ! celebrants ( ! religi\s rites1 b z life became m complicat$ c]emonies became m labori\s1 & m5 :o _h pres]v$ ! k ( ! old hymns1 & ! religi\s =mul>ies :i* _h di$ out f ! common p1 gradually took ! rajah's place4 ,z ?\ght wid5$1 m5 refus$ to be satisfi$ ) gu>dian deities t c\ld be f$ ) rice & butt]4 ,! s5se ( human law reflect$ itself 9 ! conception ( div9e rul]s gov]n+ m51 & p5alties inflict$ by man = wrong-do+ sugge/$ expiation = ! infr+$ laws ( deity4 ,?is idea ( sacrifice1 ( :i* !re is said to be no trace 9 ! fle% fea/s ( e>li] times1 becomes prom95t 9 ! (f]+s ( ! p]iod4 8,! %$d+ ( blood1 ! burn+ ( a limb ( ! victim 9 ! fire1 by "s at lea/ 0 believ$ to atone = transgression1 & x is probable t at "o "t ! religi\s in/9ct express$ itself 9 human sacrifice4#ie0 ,9 any case1 ! developm5t ( ! idea ( ! great efficacy ( sacrifice z a means ( compell+ ! gods to d ! w ( ! wor%ipp]--yea1 ( elevat+ ! wor%ipp] to _! privileges & rank1--mu/ soon h _h ! effect ( mak+ a prie/hood1 at fir/ only helpful1 to be necess>y z ! sole ag5ts betwe5 man & deity4 ,by pres]v+ ! memory ( :at _h fad$ f ! vulg>1 by transmitt+ to _! families a lore :i* became ! m sacr$ ! m x 0 =gott51 ! pr(essional liturgi/s or sacrific]s1 at fir/ satiris$ by ! poets z 0 ! ,romi% fri> by ! m9/rel 9 ! middle ages1 imp]ceptibly grew into an ord] ^: privileges 7 m exclusive & ^: pret5sions 7 high] ?an 7 ev] ass]t$ 9 ,israel by ! desc5dants ( ,a>on4 ,among ! ,hebrews ! prie/hood 0 nev] all[$ to ga9 complete asc5d5cy4 ,its repres5tatives 7 subord9at$ to ! k+1 :o 0 ! f\nta9 ( all law1 & !y 7 kept 9 *eck by ! prophets z ! m9i/]s ( ,div9e revelation2 b ! ,brahmans came to be reg>d$ z n only ! gu>dians ( religion1 b ! tea*]s ( all k & ! s\rce ( all au?ority4 ,!y own$ no sup]ior1 7 subject to no law 9 ! /ate3 ea* "o 0 a pope 9 himself1 m indep5d5t ( ! cr[n & ! commonweal? ?an a ,*ri/ian pope ev] pret5d$ to be1 & _h a fai? 9 8 p]sonal infallibility :i* no ,*ri/ian pope affect$ to h4 ,9 ,india !re result$ f ! asc5d5cy all ! evils t 7 manife/$ 9 ,judaism & 9 ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity2 & 9 ,india f> worse results 7 produc$4 ,=1 left to !mselves z sup]ior be+s ap>t f ! actual _w1 :o nev] c\ld err1 !y gave _! m9ds t lic5ce :i* too (t5 9 ! hi/ory ( ?\ght has be5 conf\nd$ ) lib]ty1 &1 z always happ5s :5 self-re/ra9t is disreg>d$1 ! result 9 ?is in/ance 0 ! production1 n ( a sy/em ( philosophy1 b a crude conglom]ate ( incongru\s phantasies m resembl+ a *aos ?an a cosmos4#if ,let u n suppose t ! ,brahmans 7 orig9ally1 or ev5 ev5tually1 ! va9 & gre$y & self-seek+ bigots :i* ! "n un=tunately sugge/s to a ,european4 ,!y ga9$ ! asc5d5cy because !y cultivat$ ! p[] to rise2 !y repres5t :at _m are incl9$ to rev]e z ! ideal ari/ocracy1 t ( ,intellect4 ,!y 7 n ignorant prie/s1 b le>n$ philosoph]s1 f :om sprung aga9 & aga9 ! re=m]s :o head$ ! revolt f an ov]done ritual1 & f a fai? :i* express$ itself :olly 9 metaphysical speculations4 ,by !m 7 excogitat$ ! ,upani%ads & ! laws ( ,manu1 two ( ! mo/ wond]ful lit]>y productions ( mank9d4 ,f !re too came ! great epic poems ( ! ,rmyana & ! ,mahbhrata1 poems 9 "s respects equal to ! ,hom]ic1 & 9 clev]ness ( purpose1 :i* is said to be t ( arre/+ ! progress ( ,buddhism1 equall+ any?+ :i* ! ,society ( ,jesus ev] produc$ to c\nt]act ! ,re=mation4 ,9 its complexity & adaptability & _m-sid$ness ,brahmanism is unrivall$ by any human sy/em1 & ! m5 :o fir/ gave x expression & direct$ its e>lie/ movem5ts mu/ rank among ! mo/ orig9al & d>+ ( ?9k]s4 ,b !y 7 ,indians liv+ 9 ! p]iod beg9n+ ab\t ! t5? c5tury ,b4,c41 9 a l& z completely cut (f f ! re/ ( ! _w z !y 7 sev]$ f ! practical life ( _! c\ntrym54 ,!y _h ! same e>ne/ & inquisitive m9d :i* _! we/w>d-mov+ k9sm5 _h inh]it$ ) !m f _! trans-,himalayan ance/ors1 b 9 !m x _h to "w out its advances 9 m adv]se conditions4 ,! tribes t w5t we/w>d m>*$ along ! upl&s1 9 zones ( climate & ?r\gh sc5]y & conditions /imulat+ ef=t1 bo? m5tal & physical4 ,consequ5tly !y w5t on improv+ _! beliefs1 till !y appreh5d$ ! tru? :i* lies at ! base ( all true sy/ems ( fai?1 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & develop$ a philosophy :i* repres5ts man's mo/ successful attempt to grasp t div9e unity aft] :i* man 9 8 poly!ism is ev] feel+4 ,x 0 o!rwise ) ! bran* t w5t s\?w>ds4 ,!y _h to live "u physical conditions n conducive to en]gy1 "u burn+ skies :i* repress$1 & on soils :i* r5d]$ indu/ry unnecess>y4 ,z !y ga9$ asc5d5cy ov] ! aborig9es ! vices ( ! vanqui%$ race told fatally ^u !m4 ,_! s5sual wor%ip1 cu/oms l polygamy & sutteeism1 ascetic practices & sorc]\s rites1 took possession ( !m2 &1 mo/ m>k$ ( all1 a belief v widely spread among ! l[] tribes ( mank9d s t]ribly bewit*$ !m t to ?is day ! ,indian m9d has nev] be5 able to break away f its fasc9ation4 ,?is belief 9 transmigration1 ) ! pessimism :i* is its inevitable concomitant1 0 :olly abs5t f _! anci5t ,v$ic fai?4 ,at int]vals f ! times ( ,py?agoras x has infect$ ! religion & philosophy ( ! ,we/]n ,aryans1 b nev] to any ext5t or ) any s]i\s result4 ,its true habitat & bre$+-place1 l t ( ! *ol]a1 is among ! degrad$ & brok5-d[n populations ( ! ,ea/4 ,x 0 communicat$ f ! native ,indian races to ! ,h9dus1 :o un=tunately 7 prep>$ to receive x ?r\gh ! depress+ & deg5]at+ influ5ces ( tropical life on a nor!rn-born family4 ,anyway1 :ile _! m =tunate bre?r5 7 eag]ly grop+ aft]1 9 _! we/w>d progress1 ! tru? ( immortality1 & ?ir/+ = m life & full]1 !y 9 _! fat ,gangetic pla9s1 we>i$ ( life z some?+ n wor? hav+1 yet dread+ dea? because x 0 appo9t$ unto man n once b _m times to die1 7 seek+ "s way ( deliv]ance f ?is inh]it$ curse4 ,& ! ,brahmans pr(ess$ to po9t to x4 ,_! e>lie/ popul> conception ( deliv]ance 0 simply t ( re-bir? 9 a happi] _w1 p]*ance secur$ by sacrificial rites & religi\s acts1 b su* a conception c\ld n long satisfy1 & ev5tually x gave way 9 ! high] class ( m9ds to nobl] views4 ,9 ,india1 z else:]e1 m5 soon became consci\s ( ! m solid security ( m]it procur$ by a life ( ju/ice & m]cy4 ,man's future 0 9 8 own & n 9 ! h&s ( a prie/3 its happ9ess or mis]y w\ld be no accid5t1 b ! sure result ( good or evil done "h & n[4 ,!re=e ! wise man endeav\r$ labori\sly & cont9u\sly to collect m]it by good de$s1 8z ! :ite ant builds h] h\se1 = ) ^! z 8 guide he c\ld hope to trav]se a gloom h>d to be cross$40 ,b by & by ev5 ?is belief ceas$ to satisfy !m1 = h[ c\ld man hope to lib]ate himself f ! bondage ( endless *ange z long z1 seek+ only a happi] exi/5ce1 he 0 cont5t to be a citiz5 ( ! *angeable8 ,let him seek reunion ) ,brahma1 ( :i* he is an emanation4 ,s "h aga91 :ile ! ,we/]ns 7 f9d+ ! pa? :i* w\ld lead !m f poly!ism to !ism1 & 7 gr[+ into nobl] conceptions ( :at ! individual self %\ld be1 ! speculative ascetics ( ! ,ea/1 9 a life ( m$itation f> ap>t1 7 try+ to subside r ?an rise into ,brahma ! ,absolute z a riv] reunites ) ! ocean4 ,9 _! e>li] ,brahmanas _! fa!rs knew no?+ ( ,brahma z deity1 & at no "t did ,brahma mean to ! ,indian :at deity meant to ! ,we/]n ,aryan4 ,poly!ism 9 ,india nev] became !ism 9 ! old ,greek s5se1 nor ev5 ,pan!ism 9 our n9ete5?-c5tury s5se4 ,! my/]i\s all-p]vad+ ,pres5ce 0 inde$ e>ly detect$ by ! ,indians z ! 8,brea?0 ( all ?+s1 b ! "n employ$ by !m to di/+ui% x signifi$ only ! univ]sal self4 ,9 no s5se 0 x ! consci\s au?or1 b only ! irrepressible s\rce ( ?+s because reflect$ ^u by illusion4 ,brahma ,atman 0 nei!r ! inf9itely intellig5t nor ! p]fectly bless$1 9 our s5se ( ! ^w4 ,x 0 simply ?\ght )\t cognition1 beatitude )\t consci\sness4 8,! ,h9du nev] ?9ks ( ass]t+ t ,brahma kn[s or ev5 has consci\sness1 b always t ,brahma is k40 8,x is simply imp]sonal be+1 absolute unity contra/$ ) disruption1 f :i* exi/5ce1 z an emanation :olly & only evil1 because orig9at+ 9 a mi/ake1 mu/ move ?r\gh endless cycles ( *ange1 until ! way ( escape be discov]$ & foll[$ by :i* ! erratic sp>k may be absorb$ 9 ! c5tral fire40#ig ,su* a speculation 0 manife/ly an advance ^u ,v$ic mat]ialism1 :i* s\ght to br+ d[n ! gods to ! side ( man z useful gu>dians1 & ^u e>ly ,brahmanism :i* s\ght by sacrifice to =ce !m to d man's w1 & by & by to elevate man to _! level4 ,9 endeav\r+1 h[ev]1 to ab/ract its disciples f ! sup]/itions ( ! prie/s1 x tamp]$ ) ! f\ndations ( religion4 ,x nev] attempt$ to propitiate ! gods--=1 ev5 if sup]ior to man1 !y 7 z mu* involv$ 9 ! labyr9? ( transmigration z he 0 himself1--b x pr(ess$ 9 a univ]se ( illusion to h discov]$ ! only real4 ,x d>$ to "n ! ,absolute2 s1 )draw+ f ! _w1 x practic$ au/]ities = ! sake ( illum9ation1 gave itself up to m$itation to r$uce ! p]sonal self to an ab/raction1 & endeav\r$ ?us to escape f ! necessity ( exi/5ce 9 "t & space into 8passionless1 *>act]less be+40 ,all ?is is exp\nd$ 9 ! ,upani%ads1 ! special scriptures ( philosophical ,brahmanism4#ih ,?\gh translat$ by ,pr(essor ,max ,mll]1 & lucidly int]pret$ by ,pr(essor ,g\gh1 read]s ( ord9>y philosophical culture f9d !m v h>d to und]/&1 & 9 spite ( ! high comm5dation ( !m by ,rammohun ,roy & ,s*op5hau]1 !y w be incl9$ to "q :e!r ^! 8beg9n+s ( ?\ght10 8conceptions h>dly =m$10 ?\gh ess5tial to a prop] k ( ,indian philosophy1 8%\ld be rank$ among ! out/&+ productions ( ! human m9d40#ii ,?r\gh\t _! long & mo/ t$i\s v]biage1 h[ev]1 "o dom9ant idea is ev] discov]able--t ! *ief end ( ! wise man is to "k1 n ! =ms ( ?+s1 b ! great self ( all ?+s1 & seek 8 deliv]ance n by practice ( religion b by pursuit ( ,gnosis4#ajj ,religion w\ld inde$ secure rew>ds1 b !y w\ld only be transi5t2 religion might regulate & modify ! c\rse ( migration1 b only ,gnosis c\ld break its adamant9e *a94 8,! vision ( ,atman is ! only deliv]ance1 = by x all ties are loos5$02 8! vision ( ! self is ! light ( ! _w1 to :i* only ! pure/ m9ds atta940 ,to rea* x n only ! bonds ( desire mu/ be brok51 b ( ignorance too4 8,= ,atman is highly exalt$ above all rev]5ce & ef=t1 above hol9ess & unhol9ess40 8,x1 ! uncreat$1 is beyond all good & evil10 & ^u rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 ^u bo? good & evil1 ! sage mu/ turn 8 back1 = he alone :o kn[s ! ,univ]sal is free1 f ,k>man & f ,kma 7action & desire7 :i* hold captive ! self 9 ! net ( ! imp]man5t4#aja ,?is is said to be ! la/ outcome ( ,brahmanic belief1 & 8inde$ ! highe/ po9t rea*$ by ,indian philosophy40#ajb ,manife/ly1 x c nev] be designat$ a gospel4 ,x 0 a deliv]ance impossible = ! _m1 & possible only = ! few2 a promise n to ! suff]+ millions1 b to ! my/ic & ! sage1 & to !m x came n ) ! hope ( a nobl] "* to be atta9$1 & ( a pur]1 high] life to be rea*$1 b only ) t ( a dreamless repose--8! sleep et]nal 9 an et]nal night0--:5 ! s\l ceases to be s\l1 m]g$ 8l ! we>ie/ riv]0 9 a %oreless & waveless sea4 ,& ?is 0 ! sy/em 9 :i* ! wise/ & sa9tlie/ 9 ,buddha's days 7 nurtur$4 ,he 0 no ,brahman by ca/e1 b z pure ,k%atrya he w\ld be in/ruct$ 9 8 y\? by ,brahmans1 & 9 e>ly manhood he = long consort$ ) !m4 ,he _h m5tal capacity1 & spiritual en]gy1 m ?an adequate to ! task ( compreh5d+ z fully z !y did _! v ab/ruse !osophies4 ,f _! speculation he d]iv$ mu* ( 8 t]m9ology1 l ,k>ma & ,nirvana2 & ev5 ,buddha1 words :i*1 till rec5tly1 x 0 consid]$ he _h to co94 ,_m doctr9es :i* 7 once reg>d$ z peculi>ly 8 own 7 taught 9 _! jungle s*ools by le>n$ ,brahmans c5turies be=e he 0 born4 ,)\t ! ,brahmans he c\ld n h be5 produc$1 & yet 8 sy/em w be f\nd to be orig9al & di/9ct4 ,!y furni%$ ! phraseology 9 :i* he express$ himself1 ! me?ods by :i* he wr\ght1 ! in/itutions l t ( ! w&]+ ,bikkhu1 by :i* 8 sy/em 0 spread2 b 9 ess5tials we w f9d t 8 tea*+ 0 n only diff]5t f b antagoni/ic to !irs1 & t1 _h ! pr9ciples :i* he enunciat$ be5 truly accept$ & consi/5tly c>ri$ out1 ?is noble/ ( ! ,re=m]s ( ,h9duism w\ld h re=m$ x out ( exi/5ce4 ,dur+ ?is pre-,buddhi/ic era1 mu* long]1 p]haps1 ?an is g5]ally suppos$1 ano!r process ( developm5t 0 go+ on among "o section ( ! ,semitic /ock1 9 a small h&bread? ( a l& on ! ea/]n %ore ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! sev]al /ages ( t developm5t h also be5 unconsci\sly record$ 9 a lit]ature s peculi> 9 its motive1 & me?od1 & "*1 z to sep>ate x f ! national lit]atures ( all ! _w4 ,x is n t x claims to be inspir$1 = ! same claim is advanc$ by ! ,indian1 & inde$ by or = e collection ( religi\s writ+s extant2 b :ile 9 ! lit]ature ( ,india we see repres5t$ ! /ruggles ( man to rea* ! ,deity1 t ( ,pale/9e pr(esses to repres5t ! endeav\r ( ,deity to rea* & to communicate ) m54 ,int5sely patriotic z a p1 ! sacr$ lit]ature ( ! ,hebrews is ess5tially religi\s4 ,_! hi/orians are n p]mitt$ to record1 & ! poets are n all[$ to s+ _! own national a*ievem5ts1 b only ! mighty works & ! praises ( ,jehovah _! ,god4 ,! %ame ( _! _m defeats1 & ( _! f9al de/ruction1 is ascrib$ always to _! own s91 b any national success or prosp]ity is due to ! ,div9e fav\r4 ,alike ?r\gh all _! victories & disa/]s1 an ,almighty ,h& is ackn[l$g$ to be %ap+ _! de/9y1 & to be work+ out a purpose :i*1 (t5 entirely hidd51 & at be/ only v imp]fectly und]/ood by !m1 is se5 t[>d ! close ( _! sad & ev5tful hi/ory1 to compreh5d ! l>g] de/9ies ( mank9d 9 a salvation ( ,god :i* 8all ! ends ( ! e>?0 7 to see4 ,! relative antiquity ( ! ,hebrew & ,indian scriptures is n a matt] :i* we are call$ ^u to discuss4 ,x is possible t "s hymns 9 ! ,rig-,v$a may be old] ?an any?+ :i* we possess 9 ! ,bible1 b x is almo/ absolutely c]ta9 t mo/ ( ! books ( ! ,hebrew ,bible 7 9 circulation z scriptures1 & t ! :ole ( x 0 9 ! %ape 9 :i* we h x n[1 be=e any anci5t ,indian sacr$ book 0 r$uc$ to writ+4 ,! ,p5tateu*1 9 ! =m 9 :i* we h x n[1 is probably n ! mo/ anci5t ( ! ,hebrew writ+s4 ,x appe>s to be a v composite production1 conta9+ works ( diff]5t au?ors1 writt5 orig9ally at diff]5t places & at diff]5t times4 ,! mo/ de/ructive criticism1 h[ev]1 admits t x embodies v anci5t traditions--_m ( !m n peculi> to ! ,hebrews1--:i* 7 op5 to a succession ( v tal5t$ n>rators4 ,^! traditions may indicate _! d]ivation f a once common ance/ral home1 or acquirem5t by lat] contact ) =eign nations1 b !y are 9 n[ise incorporations2 = 9 ! ,hebrew books !y are n only pres5t$ 9 =ms f> m ref9$1 b !y are employ$ to sugge/ or to unfold a spiritual tea*+ q beyond ! capacity ( ! peoples among :om x is alleg$ !y orig9at$4 ,no "o d5ies t we h 9 ! ,p5tateu* writ+s z old z ! "t ( ,moses1 & probably fragm5ts ( writ+s mu* old] /ill4 ,ewald#ajc ascribes an important portion ( x to ! times ( ! lat] judges1 ano!r /ill m important section to a prie/ ( ,solomon's reign1 & ! ,book ( ,deut]onomy to ! "t ( ,hezekiah4 ,ev5 if we are compell$ to accept lat] dates ?an ^!1 x foll[s t !y are old] ?an any ,upani%ad1 or ev5 any ( ! ,brahmanas4 ,!re 0 a ,law1 a ,book ( ! ,cov5ant1 a ,book ( ,orig9s1 9 curr5cy probably be=e ! au?ors ( any ( ! ,brahmanas 0 born2 & ev5 if we are to reg>d ! cont5ts ( ^! works z only traditional1 we may surely assume t ! ,hebrew traditions are z cr$ible z ! ,indian4 ,x is q true 8t religion exi/s long be=e x is express$ 9 a canon1 & t law runs & rules long be=e x is writt5 9 a code10#ajd b 9 reg>d to accuracy nei!r suff]s f be+ s def9itely regi/]$4 ,hi!rto ! maxim affect+ su* matt]s has be51 & = a long "t h5ce=? we may be c]ta9 x w be1 n lit]a locuta1 b lit]a scripta manet4 ,aga91 we are n call$ ^u to ma9ta9 9 ?is lecture ! *ronological exactness or ! hi/orical fai?fulness ( ! sacr$ annals ( ,israel2 all t is ass]t$ is t 9 !m we h z fai?ful a mirror ( ! ages :i* !y pr(ess to reflect z we h 9 ! ,indian4 ,! *>act]s 9 ! sc5es :i* !y produce are nei!r puppets nor %ad[s1 b v liv+ & sub/antial realities4 ,! p]sonages at lea/ are m5 ^: idiosyncrasies are %>ply b naturally def9$1 & ^: spee*1 & mann]s1 & conduct1 & beliefs1 accord wond]fully well ) ! places & ! p]iods 9 :i* !y meet u4 ,we h to exam9e ! ,hebrew annals h[ev]1 n to v]ify ! details ( anci5t transactions :i* !y record1 b simply to asc]ta9 ! beliefs :i* !y conta9 & illu/rate4 ,! tru? or ! error ( ^! beliefs we ne$ n discuss1 = ! beliefs !mselves are facts ( great importance1 & s are ! consequ5ces t fl[$ f !m2 & :5 we comp>e ^! beliefs ) ^? :i* we h be5 consid]+1 we w f9d a developm5t p>allel inde$1 b ( an entirely diff]5t class ( ideas or religi\s ?\ghts4 ,9 ! ,rig-,v$a we h reflect$ ! immigration ( a high] race into :at has be5 call$ ! ,holy ,l& ( ,india4 ,! ,rig-,v$a dates f ab\t ! times ( ! ,exodus or ! invasion ( ! ,holy ,l& ( ,pale/9e4 ,! ,hebrew traditions1 l ! ,indian1 tell ( an e>li] immigration ( _! fa!rs into ! same ,pale/9e "s five c5turies previ\s4 ,:5 we exam9e ! n>ratives 9 :i* ?is e>li] immigration is record$1 we f9d ! patri>*s mov+ along among simil> conditions1 b repres5t+ a mu* high] level ( religi\s ?\ght ?an ! ,aryans :5 !y rea*$ ! ,ganges4 ,?\gh ev]y:]e liv+ among nature-wor%ipp]s1 & ?\gh %[+ ! ta9t ( t wor%ip 9 _! own conduct1 _! religion is nei!r t ( physiolatry nor idolatry4#aje ,abraham 0 n a poly!i/2 he came out ( ,ur ( ! ,*aldees--:e!r t be a designation ( a geographical region or a description ( a religi\s /ate--n z "o :o trembl$ be=e ! =ces ( ,nature1 afraid to inquire :at !y meant or :5ce !y came2 n z "o :o _h discov]$ beh9d !m ! ,inf9ite ,self1 out ( :i*1 because ( ignorance or illusion1 he & !y _h emanat$1 b z a man :o believ$ 9 a ,p]sonal ,deity :o _h creat$ & cont9u$ to control !m1 & :o1 ?\gh ,el-,elion & ,%addai1 yet wat*$ ov] & communicat$ ) ,abraham z 8 be/ ( fri5ds4 ,we ne$ n ascribe to ! patri>* an intellig5ce :i* he did n possess4 ,god may h be5 9 8 ?\ght too mu* ! almighty ,protector ( himself & ( 8 desc5dants--= 9 t age ! family ( ! *ief w\ld be all-important1 & ! idea ev5 ( ! nation _h n yet g]m9at$1--b t he appreh5d$ ,god "u a /rictly moral aspect is v\*$ = by 8 life1 z ! f\nd] ( a new epo* to :i* 8 late/ desc5dant look$ back ) ?ankfulness4#ajf ,we may n be able to prove t ,abraham's conception ( ,deity 0 mono!i/ic 9 our conception ( ! ^w4 ,x lack$ ! sublimity ( ,isaiah's conception & ! def9it5ess ( t ( ,moses4 ,!re 0 naturally a great deal ( d>kness cl++ ab\t x1 b 8 ideas ( duty & religion & wor%ip 7 f> high] ?an ent]$ ! ?\ghts ( a ,v$ic or ,brahmanic sage4 ,! rite ( ,blood ,cov5ant1 univ]sal 9 ! ,semitic tribes1 he felt div9ely impell$ to (f] ,godw>d2 & ! same impulse is said to h l$ him to (f] 9 pro( ( 8 allegiance to 8 unse5 & almighty ,fri5d ! sacrifice ( 8 only son4 ,b !re 0 unmi/akably imp>t$ by ,abraham to ! anci5t rite ( circumcision a f> high] & m spiritual idea1 & x is notewor?y t :ile ! spiritual "p ( 8 awful sacrifice 0 accept$1 ! slay+ ( ! son 0 reject$1 ) ! effect ( /amp+1 9 ! v morn+ ( ,hebrew hi/ory1 ! ,div9e abhorr5ce ^u t =m ( propitiation to :i* ! unre/ra9$ in/9ct ( man has ev]y:]e be5 prone4 ,8 wor%ip1 8 sacrifice1 8 :ole s]vice1 in/ead ( be+ reg>d$ z a means ( mak+ ,deity s]viceable to man1 or ( rais+ man to ! com=table condition ( ,deity1 meant ! surr5d] ( ! he>t & ( ! :ole life to ,8 w1 n z only mighti]1 b ju/] & m m]ciful ?an he 0 himself1 & !re=e p]fectly wor?y ( tru/ & love4 ,& s x is pla9 t :e!r ! patri>*s repres5t a race fall5 because ( s91 f pur] k & m intimate communion ) ,god1 or "o provid5tially educat$ f ! v l[e/ animalism1 !y indicate a religi\s /age to :i* ! greate/ ?+s became possible4 ,!y are /amm]+ at lea/ ! glori\s ,"n1 compris$ 9 ?ree lett]s1 ^: significance mill5nial ages ( /udy c nev] exhau/4 ,!y believe 9 ,god1 :o1 beh9d & beyond ,nature1 & great] ?an x1 is reveal+ ,himself z "o inf9itely wor?y ( _! allegiance & adoration1 & _! fai? becomes righte\sness4 ,:5 we rea* ! ,mosaic p]iod we f9d t ?\gh cl\ds & d>kness are r\nd ! ?rone ( ! ,et]nal1 ! light t /reams f x into ! m9ds ( m5 reveals1 j m cle>ly1 ! same "o liv+ & true ,god4 ,accord+ to ! ,book ( ,orig9s1 a p]iod ( f\r hundr$ & eighty ye>s sep>at$ ! patri>*al f ! ,mosaic age1 & dur+ t p]iod ! ,hebrew tribes _h fir/ be5 %elt]$1 & !n = long enslav$1 by ! mo/ civilis$ ( all peoples 9 ! anci5t _w4 ,a/oni%$ by ! gr&eur ( ,egypt1 !y at la/ succumb$ to its religion2 & :ile oppression 9 ! p5t-up ,egyptian cities det]iorat$ fe>fully _! physical condition1 slav]y & idolatry wr\ght ) t]rible effect ^u _! "*4 ,!y came out ( ,egypt a c[>dly horde1 lepr\s 9 body1 *ildi% & bruti% 9 _! disposition4 ,_! *ildr5 h[ev] ent]$ ,pale/9e1 m ?an a g5]ation aft]1 a p[]ful & consolidat$ & victori\s =ce1 ^: fe> 0 ^u all ! surr\nd+ tribes2 & _! annals ascribe all ?is to revival & re=mation due to ,div9e revelation & tra9+ "u ! pla/ic g5ius ( "o ( ,egypt's wise/ m51 & "o ( ! greate/ prophets ( ! human race4 ,! olde/ ,hebrew hi/orian /ates t ,moses wrote two tables ( ! ,cov5ant1 & "o entire1 ?\gh small1 ,book ( ,laws besides2 & ?\gh x 7 prov$ to univ]sal satisfaction t he nev] wrote any?+ else ?an ! ,t5 ,words1 & ! preface#ajg3 8,he>1 ,o ,israel1 ! ,"l our ,god is "o10 x w be admitt$ t no "o 9 all ! old _w has ev] contribut$ m ?an he did to man's /ock ( ! highe/ ( all k4 ,! tru? communicat$ by ! patri>*s 9 ! ^w ,creator 0 ( supreme mom5t & promise = ! human race1 = by x man 0 sav$ f ! s9 & folly ( conf\nd+ ! ,deity ) ,8 works4 ,! idea ( a ,creator occurs inde$ 9 ! ,v$as1#ajh b n z an idea t ev] got hold ( ! popul> m9d1 or ev] rip5$ into ! conception ( ,creator :i* we h 9 ! ,bible4 ,! ,brahman exp\nd]s ( ,v$ic ?\ght made deity ! sum ( all t is1 a be+ t is ev] becom+1 a univ]se t is nev] complet$4 ,! ,hebrew1 on ! contr>y1 conceiv$ ( ! univ]se z ,god's "w--n ,god4 ,x 0 b a "p ( ,8 ways1 & z no?+ be=e ,him4 ,9 ! ,indian cre$ emanation cont9ues indef9itely1 & _! sacr$ books record a nev]-end+ g5esis4 ,9 ! ,hebrew ,bible two pages suffice to relate ! g5esis ( ! _w & man4 ,betwe5 ! deities ( ! ,v$as & ! ,jehovah ( ,moses !re is no natural progression1 & we nev] 9 any s]ies1 h[ev] prolong$1 c rea* f ! "o to ! o!r4 ,! ,indian deities are simply "o ) ,nature1 & l its =ces !y are multitud9\s1 caprici\s1 evanesc5t2 b ! ,deity ( ,moses is ,"o1 ,supreme1 ,invisible1 n to be lik5$ to any?+ we c see or he>--et]nal z ,"o :o alone is1 & causes to be3 8,i ,am t ,i ,am60 ,! effect ( su* a belief 0 to raise all m5 :o le>n$ ( ,moses above ! wor%ip & tyranny ( ,nature1 be=e :i* s _m ( ! tribes ( mank9d h pro/rat$ !mselves4 ,x made !m reg>d ! animal creation especially z exi/+ n = _! adoration b = _! use2 & ,nature itself & all its =ces z p[]s to be /udi$1 subdu$1 & gov]n$4 ,! g]ms ( man's fai? 9 8 own imp]i%abl5ess1 implant$ f ! fir/1 began to spr\t ! mom5t he f\nd himself capable ( kn[+ & s]v+ ?is ,et]nal & ,invisible ,"o z ! ,au?or & ,controll] ( 8 be+4 ,comp>isons are (t5 in/itut$ betwe5 ! ,mosaic e?ical code & t ( o!r religions1 ) ! view ( %[+ t !re is no?+ peculi> 9 x1 & t in/ead ( be+ full] x appe>s to be ev5 defective :5 plac$ side by side ) "s ( !m4 ,! peculi>ity ( ! ,mosaic code is 9 its fir/ table1 :i* ne>ly all ! o!rs lack4 ,! ,mosaic is an int]pretation ( ! law writt5 9 m5's he>ts by ! light ( religion3 x is ! manife/ation ( religi\s tru? z ! real f\ndation ( e?ics4 ,morality has s long be5 associat$ ) religion 9 our ?\ght t we speak at times z if x _h be5 always s2 b among no anci5t p1 save among ! ,hebrews1 did any wor%ipp] expect morality f _! deities4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y conceiv$ ( !m z hav+ all _! own appetites & passions & vices1 s t z civilisation advanc$ m5 7 (t5 f> nobl] & pur] ?an ! gods :i* !y wor%ipp$4 ,:5 we rememb] t physiolatry1 f its l[e/ to its highe/ =m1 tol]ates & ev5 consecrates ! vile/ impurities by its wor%ip1 we c realise :at a new & creative p[] 0 communicat$ :5 ! conviction _h laid hold ( man t ,deity is "o :o is ,himself all t man ought to be1 "o :o c only be propitiat$ by righte\sness & appeas$ by tru?4 ,human progress became n only possible !n1 b x 0 secur$4 ,s pure an idea ( ,god meant a l(ti] idea ( man4 ,x involv$ ! poore/ & ! humble/ ( m5 9 va/ responsibilities1 & !re=e x impli$ = !m rights & dignities equal to ^? ( ! highe/ ( m52 = ! supreme all-holy ,"l ,god 0 no respect] ( p]sons1 & ! begg> on ! dunghill 0 9 ,8 eyes z preci\s z ! pr9ce ^u ! ?rone4#aji ,f ! p]iod :5 ,v$ic speculation fir/ began its c\rse to t 9 :i* x produc$ its e>lie/ ,upani%ad1 ^! moral & spiritual tru?s 7 n kept secret among ! philosophic few1 b 7 prophesi$ 9 ! gates & /reets ( e ,hebrew city4 ,no "o c say t !y 7 ?ankfully receiv$ & loyally obey$ by ! p ( ,israel2 on ! contr>y1 _! :ole hi/ory repres5ts ! /ruggle ( a /ubborn & rebelli\s race aga9/ a revelation too pure & spiritual to be acceptable to !m4 ,_! religion 0 always high] ?an !mselves1 b :ile t[]+ above !m1 x p]petually hov]$ r\nd !m1 contradict+ _! mo/ *]i%$ incl9ations1 & condemn+ _! mo/ deeply root$ habits4 ,! invisible ,god1 ( :om no lik5ess 0 to be tol]at$1 :o 0 n to be wor%ipp$ ev5 9 ! greate/ ( ,8 works1 0 too f> remov$ f _! sympa?ies4 ,x took c5turies ( sev]e h&l+ to uproot _! /rong t5d5cy to ,nature-wor%ip2 yea1 ! ,div9e dete/ation ( x _h to be br&$ 9 ! national consci5ce by _! f9al ov]?r[4 ,ev5tually1 h[ev]1 ! tru? got root$ 9 ! m9d ( a 8remnant0 ( !m t ,god is n to be wor%ipp$ "u any symbol1 & _c be en%r9$ 9 temples made ) h&s2 t ! heav5 ( heav5s _c conta9 ,him2 t 9 gifts & (f]+s ,he takes no pleasure1 b t ,he dwells ) ! meek & l[ly1 & f9ds a pleas+ sacrifice 9 ! contrite _s & brok5 he>t4 ,! div9ity ( ! revelation seems atte/$ by ! fact t x cont9u$ all ?r\gh\t _! hi/ory above !m1 rebuk+ & condemn+1 b nev] suff]+ !m altoge!r to fall away f x4 ,& ?is is /ill its relation to ourselves3 x is a cre$ contradict+ our life1 a ,div9e law 9 direct opposition to all t claims to be popul>2 = :]e ev5 yet is ! ,*ri/ian :o c be said fully to realise all t is summ$ up 9 ! tru?1 8,god is n to be wor%ipp$ by man z ?\gh ,he ne$$ any?+20 8,god is a _s1 & !y t wor%ip ,him mu/ wor%ip ,him 9 _s & 9 tru?08 ,! univ]sality z well z ! purity & spirituality ( ?is fundam5tal article ( ! ,hebrew fai? sep>ates x f & elevates x above ! ,indian beliefs4 ,nature-wor%ip has always be5 local & e?nic 9 its range2 ! gods ( ! hills are n ! gods ( ! valleys1 & ! deities ( ,assyria comm& no rev]5ce 9 ,egypt4 ,to ! ,hebrew 0 fir/ communicat$ ! ca?olic fai? t ! "o ,"l ov] all is ri* 9 m]cy unto all4 ,! treasure 0 receiv$1 x is true1 9 an e>!n vessel1 by a p :o c\ld only appreh5d z *ildr5 :at we are expect$ to hold 9 ! compreh5sions ( m54#aaj ,9 patri>*al times by ! p g5]ally ! ,"o ,"l 0 conceiv$ ( too mu* z j ! protector ( ! family4 ,9 ,mosaic times ! great & t]rible ,god :o av5g$ ,himself on ,egypt 0 ?\ght ( too mu* z ! *ampion ( ! tribes4 ,"u ,david & ! k+s ,he 0 too mu* ! sov]eign ( ! nation & ( ! ,holy ,l&2 & s x 0 d[n to ! times ( ! ,captivity4 ,all ?r\gh\t ?is p]iod1 h[ev]1 !re 7 p]petual prote/s aga9/ ?is attempt to e?nicise a fai? ess5tially ca?olic4 ,!y 7 rem9d$ t ! ,holy ,"o 0 ,"l ov] all ! e>?2 t ?\gh !y 7 a peculi> p1 !y 7 n ,8 only p4 ,! prophets ( o!r nations 7 br\ght to te/ify to !m2 _! own prophets 7 s5t to w>n ! hea!n t !y %\ld n die4 ,all ?r\gh _! hi/ory !y 7 admoni%$ t _! gift 0 too l>ge = _! little nation to conta92 t x 0 !irs only 9 proportion z x 0 imp>t$ or %>$1 & t z a nation !y c\ld only exi/ if all nations 7 bless$ 9 !m4 ,alas h[ev] = !m1 all ?is seem$ 9 va9 9 its effect ^u ! nation at l>ge2 ! treasure 0 =gott5 9 _! e/imate ( ! vessel2 _! own de/9y loom$ l>ge/ 9 _! conceptions ( ,provid5ce4 ,x 0 n ! holy ,"l ,god :o 0 to h univ]sal dom9ion1 b !y ,8 fav\rites1 & !re=e _! k+ w\ld reign ov] all l&s & keep 8 feet on ! neck ( _! foes4 ,out ( ?is fatal error1 & out ( ! *ildi% sup]/ition ak9 to x1 t mat]ial prosp]ity 0 ! sole or *ief rew>d ( devotion1 came all _! unbelief & apo/asy1 & s :5 ! succession ( prophets _h 9 va9 te/ifi$ to !m t ! ,"l alone 0 to be exalt$--t be=e ,him1 n be=e !m1 mu/ all peoples b[1--! ?reat5+s long utt]$ 7 fulfill$3 ! nation 0 %att]$1 its palladium1 ! temple1 0 de/roy$1 & !y 7 driv5 beyond ! ,euphrates4 ,!n h[ev] ensu$ a c\rse ( ev5ts :i* mu/ be reg>d$ z among ! greate/ surprises ( hi/ory2 = j :5 !y & _! religion might h be5 expect$ to vani% z completely z ! t5 tribes previ\sly deport$ _h vani%$1 !y are f\nd to be pres]v$2 & ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah1 in/ead ( be+ ext+ui%$ by ! dom9ant wor%ip ( ,babylon1 is se5 to em]ge 9 ! c\rse ( two g5]ations m vigor\s & consid]ably pur] ?an ev] x _h be5 be=e4 ,x 0 dur+ ! ,exile t ! real nature ( ! religion ( ,israel1 z "o adapt$ & de/9$ to enlight5 & sanctify f> m ?an a s+le p1 began to be truly disc]n$4#aaa ,! ,jewi% p _h a great deal to le>n f ,babylon & ,p]sia1 & !y return$ to _! own l& ) cle>] conceptions ( immortality1 ! resurrection1 ! spiritual _w & judgm5t to come1 ?an any ( _! =efa!rs _h ga9$4 ,s*ol>s1 h[ev]1 :o enl>ge ^u _! indebt$ness to _! conqu]ors1 seem to =get h[ mu* !y _h to communicate to !m4 ,9 ! psalms ( ! pre-,exilian p]iod1 & 9 ! doctr9es ( ,moses & ! prophets1 !y c>ri$ ) !m a treasure ri*] ?an ! :ole wisdom ( ! ,ea/4 ,s ?\gh !y le>n$ mu* f ,babylon1 !y also le>n$ 9 x to appreciate ! gifts :i* !y _h previ\sly despis$4 ,sorr[ & p5it5ce help$ to cle> _! spiritual vision1 & prep>$ !m = ! prophecies ( ,j]emiah1 ,ezekiel1 & ,isaiah4 ,!y le>n$ t ?\gh bani%$ f ! ,holy ,l& !y 7 n !reby ca/ out--z _! fa!rs imag9$--f ! pres5ce ( ,jehovah2 t1 ?\gh ! temple _h be5 de/roy$ & sacrifice _h be5 susp5d$1 ,god c\ld /ill be wor%ipp$ ) s9c]ity & tru?4 ,! tea*+s ( _! prophets br\ght home ) conviction to !m ! oracles ( _! e>li] se]s1 t ob$i5ce 0 bett] ?an sacrifice1 & contrition ?an s9-(f]+1--8t he t doe? rep5tance1 x is imput$ to him z if he w5t to ,j]usalem1 built a temple & alt>1 & wr\ght all ! sacrifices ( ! law40#aab ,) ! de/ruction ( ! temple !re arose ! synagogue1 :i*1 ) its read+ ( ! ,law & ! ,prophets1 its *ant+ ( ! ,psalms1 its (f]+ ( pray]1 & ! giv+ he$ to ! voices ( ! eld]s1 repres5t$ a f> high] & m spiritual s]vice ?an temple c\rts reek+ ) sacrifices & /eam+ ) inc5se4 ,x is true t !y 7 /ill fasc9at$ by ! mat]ial spl5d\rs ( ! =m] days2 = aft] _! return !y re/or$ ,j]usalem1 rebuilt ! temple1 & re-appo9t$ its s]vices4 ,a revival l$ to a re=mation1 :i*1 foll[+ ! old l9es z closely z possible1 assum$ ! =m ( a retrogression r ?an advance4 ,! new en]gies ( ! nation 7 repress$ by a ,levitical dom9ation z rigid & intol]ant z ,brahmanism ev] 0 9 ,india4 ,x 0 n ! _s ( ! ,liv+ ,god b ! h& ( ! long dead ,moses t 0 to rule _! consci5ce & m\ld _! hi/ory4 ,! consequ5ce 0 j :at might h be5 anticipat$4 ,human nature revolt$ f subjugation to a sy/em :i* _h s]v$ its day4 ,religion1 :]e x 0 e>ne/1 /iff5$ into =malism1 & =malism 9 _m cases congeal$ into hypocrisy1 &1 z inevitably happ5s1 intellect rais$ its prote/ aga9/ ?is irreligi\s religion 9 _m anti-religi\s & ev5 a!i/ic =ms4 ,mean:ile synagogues rose all ov] ! l&1 promot+ doctr9e r ?an ritual1 /imulat+ r ?an repress+ discussion1 & ?us cons]v+ & propagat+ ! tru?s t prep>$ ! ways ( ! ,"l4 ,only a h&ful h[ev]1 _h return$2 ! majority ( ! exiles prosp]$ & multipli$1 &1 unlike ! t5 tribes1 7 n absorb$ among ! ,g5tiles4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 = "o ,jew liv+ 9 ,pale/9e !re w\ld be a hundr$ liv+ beyond x1 n only 9 ,babylonia1 b 9 ,greece1 & ,egypt1 & ,italy1 & all ov] ! ,empire4 ,!re 7 _m ,jews 9 ,spa91 9 ,brita91 & 9 ! d>k t]ritories beyond ! ,danube2 & ?\gh !y adapt$ !mselves to =eign ways1 & became all ?+s to all m51 9 reg>d to _! religion & _! intimate connection ) ,j]usalem !y /ill cont9u$ to be ,jews4#aac ,z _! nationality decl9$ _! fai? arose4 ,by & by1 n cont5t ) ! hea!n tol]ation = _! religion z only "o ( ! _m 9 ! _w1 !y began to spread x abroad4 ,judaism1 ) ! temple & ! ,levitical law1 w\ld 9 ,pale/9e ev5tually h petrifi$1 b ! ,diaspora1 ) ! ,synagogue & ! ,septuag9t1 enabl$ ,israel to play _! prop] p>ts z ! religi\s tea*]s ( mank9d4 ,proselytism gradually became v vigor\s & successful2 dev\t m5 & wom5 ev]y:]e1 unable to f9d peace ( consci5ce 9 ! intoxicat+ & demoralis+ rites ( ,pagan temples1 turn$ f !m to take hold ( ! skirts ( ! man :o 0 a ,jew4 ,9 a mann] & to an ext5t :i* ev5 ! y\?ful ,isaiah nev] c\ld h dream$1 ,j]usalem began to attract out ( e nation "u heav5 ! k9d ( p :o 7 f\nd 9 its /reets at ,p5teco/1--,p>?ians & ,m$es1 & dwell]s 9 ,pontus & ,arabia1 & ! eunu* ( f> di/ant ,e?iopia4#aad ,z we h notic$ ! highe/ outcome ( ,v$ic ?\ght 9 pursuit ( ,atman1 let u also notice ! highe/ developm5t ( ,hebrew belief 9 _! hope ( ,messiah1 ^: g]ms are traceable 9 _! fai? f ! fir/4 ,= example1 "o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ la/+ effects ( _! conception ( ,deity 0 ! conviction ( _! own unwor?9ess & inability to live 9 ! pres5ce ( ! holy ,god4 ,?\gh !y 7 to be a k+dom ( prie/s = o!r nations1 !y d>$ n ent] into ! relation%ip :i* prie/ impli$4 ,!y requir$ a m$iator l ,moses1 :o c\ld speak to ! ,holy ,"o = !m1 & receive = !m ,8 message4 ,_! :ole wor%ip 0 bas$ on ?is feel+1 & ! pur] & high] rose _! conceptions ( ,god1 ! m int5se became _! self-abasem5t4 ,betwe5 ,him & ! noble/ ( ,8 creatures !re 0 an impassable gulf4 ,?\gh ,he 0 f>1 f> (f f !m1 ,he 0 f> too ne>--s ne> t !y c\ld n g any:i!r f ,8 pres5ce1 & yet 9 _! dread !re 0 a ye>n+ to come ne> to ,him & to see ,him face to face4 ,! ,brahman aspir$ to lose himself 9 ! ,absolute1 9 ! pure light ( *>act]less k2 ! ,hebrew1 ma/]$ by ! p]sonality ( ,god1 long$ to see ,him z ,he is4 ,& nev] m e>ne/ 0 ?is long+ 9 ! ,hebrew to behold ! beauty ( ! ,"l1 & to be satisfi$ ) ,8 lik5ess1 ?an 9 ! times ( 8 deepe/ self-humiliation & ke5e/ contrition4 8,i pray ,!e1 p>don ! iniquity ( ,?y p20 8,i besee* ,!e1 %[ u ,?y glory20 8& ^! two pangs s c\nt] & s ke510 %ame & rev]5ce ak9 to dread1 aspir+ love1 7 to prove n only ! purification ( _! own fai?1 b ! bir?-?roe ( a bett] hope = ! _w4 ,= _! dread & %ame sprang f _! consci\sness ( _! own evil1 & _! aspiration f an in/9ct :i* :isp]$ t evil1 ?\gh deeply +ra9$ 91 0 n ess5tial to ! be+ ( man4 ,_! s5se ( s9 0 v poignant1 m s ?an 9 ! case ( any o!r p4 ,! ,h9dus _h a conception ( m]it1 b a v poor & weak conception ( s94 ,!y 7 m impress$ by life's suff]+ ?an by ! ta9t ( :i* x 0 only ! consequ5ce4 ,b ! ,hebrews felt ! %ame & ! curse ( t ta9t z no p ev] felt x4 ,!y _h q a vocabul>y to express ! _m %ades & degrees ( ! feel+ ( x2 yet 9 _! speculations !y 7 l$ to believe t ?is ta9t 0 n inh]5t 9 _! nature nor in]adicable f x4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 s9 0 n2 !re might be a "t :5 x w\ld n be4 ,! dom9ion ( evil 0 an int]lude1 & ?\gh t]ribly prolong$ 9 human exp]i5ce1 x might h an end4 ,t 0 ! c5tral ideal ( ! ,fall :i* !y pictur$ on ! fir/ page ( _! ,bible1 & cons]v$ 9 _! sev5?-day ,sabba?4#aae ,9 ! fact ( man's creation !y felt t 8 r$emption 0 involv$1 & s ! ,hebrew dread ( & long+ = ,god 7 reconcil$ by a hope t ?\gh to man belonge? %ame1 to ,god belonge? m]cy z ! ,god ( salvation4 ,!re 0 ano!r & a bett] cov5ant ?an t :i* _h be5 conclud$ ) _! ance/ors at ,s9ai1 or ) ! fir/ fa!r ( _! tribes long be=e4 ,x 0 made n ) ,moses or ,abraham = ,israel1 b = all nations ) a ,div9e ,m$iator1 :o1 beh9d all t 0 ( man1 ?\gh yet ! se$ ( ! woman1 w\ld1 9 a way t nei!r ,moses nor any ( ! prophets c\ld und]/&1 ev5tually make an end ( s94 ,! hi/ory & ! lit]ature ( ! ,hebrews w\ld be a p]plex+ enigma )\t ?is hope4 ,l _! fai?1 x 0 too pure & spiritual = !m to receive1 & to ! v late/ x always appe>s ) some?+ ( ! defilem5t ( _! religi\s condition cl++ to x4 ,dur+ ! ,exile1 h[ev]1 ?is hope became pur] & /rong]1 & ! imag]y 9 :i* !y embodi$ x became m evangelical & spiritual ?an t employ$ by e>li] poets & prophets4 ,! section ( ! ,hebrews t return$ to ,pale/9e held x 9 increas$ /r5g?1 b ) ! old national ta9t ^u x4 ,_! own re/oration & ! fav\r ( ,p]sia k9dl$ anew ! fooli% dreams ( _! ance/ors1 &1 alas6 :5 ,p]sia disappo9t$ !m1 & its fav\r 0 supplant$ by oppression1 & ! k+dom1 in/ead ( ris+ ,phnix-l out ( its a%es1 became ! battlefield or ! gage ( =eign nations1 !re broke out 9 ,pale/9e ! bitt]e/ plague ( unbelief & apo/asy t _h ev] assail$ ! nation4 ,= idolatry1 = ov]lay+ or corrupt+ ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah1 _! =efa!rs _h (t5 be5 sev]ely *a/is$1 b no prophet _h z yet compla9$ ( a temple des]t$ & an alt> defil$ by unwor?y (f]+s4 ,& ?is 0 because m5 pr(ess$ to h discov]$ 9 ! de/ruction ( _! national hopes t aft] all religion 0 va91 & !re 0 no pr(it 9 s]v+ ,god4 ,any "o :o has intellig5tly read ,mala*i1 or ! say+s ( ,agur ! prov]b-collector1#aaf or ! ,book ( ,ecclesia/es1 w see to :at a dep? ( scepticism1 if n inde$ ( a!ism1 _! p]v]t$ ,messianic hopes _h br\ght ! ,jews ( ,pale/9e4 ,we appreciate ! criticism :i* reg>ds ,cohele?1 s ali5 to ! heal?y & joy\s _s ( ! ,hebrew religion1 z ! natural outgr[? ( ?is p]iod4#aag ,:5 fai? 9 ,israel's imp]i%able k+dom seem$ to be completely wreck$1 :5 m9i/]s ( religion l$ ! revolt f x1 & unrighte\s rul]s & corrupt society made life 9 ,pale/9e1 z 9 ,rome 9 ,n]o's day1 n wor? ! liv+1 x is n to be wond]$ t ?is "o :i* has surviv$1 b t 8_m books0#aah %\ld h be5 writt5 to e*o ! cry1 8,all is vanity40 ,we may li/5 to x z a note ( despair f a pessimi/ 9 ^: p religion _h di$1 because disappo9t$ political ambition _h %[n !m t 8no e>?ly good0 came ( s]v+ ,god2 or we may read x z ! prote/ ( "s heal?y-m9d$ ,jew aga9/ t or?odox asceticism :i* aft] ! ,captivity invad$ religion1 & l$ to ! rise ( ,ph>isaism & ,ess5ism4 ,9 any case1 x seems to m>k ! prop] close 9 ,pale/9e ( an age ( national p]v]t$ fai? & hope4 ,! ,ess5es l ! ,indian ascetics _h hope nei!r = ! nation's recov]y nor = ! e/abli%m5t any:]e ( a k+dom ( ,god4 ,! ,ph>isees1 on ! contr>y1 _h hope1 b x 0 ! old political hope1 & 9 !m1 ?\gh ,egyptian & ,syrian & ,greek & ,roman _h trodd5 ! nation "u foot1 & ?\gh ! ,maccabees _h suff]$ & p\r$ out _! blood 9 va91 x seem$ to gr[ /rong] & /rong]4 ,ready to believe any impo/or1 & to rise at ! fa9te/ call1 _! fanaticism m ?an once betray$ ! p into ineffectual & mo/ sangu9>y revolts2 b x _h "o result t 0 n :olly evil1 = !y drew aft] !m ! multitudes to ! des]t1 :5 ! ?und] ( ! ,bapti/'s cry rea*$ ,j]usalem1 8,! k+dom ( ,god is at h&40#aai ,s 0 x 9 ,pale/9e2 b among ! ,diaspora all ov] ! ,empire ! hope ( ,messiah assum$ a pur] & m ca?olic =m4 ,ev]y:]e x 0 /rong1 b ! broad] horizons by :i* !y 7 surr\nd$ sav$ !m f ! delusions :i* intoxicat$ ! ,pale/9ian ,jew4 ,9 classical lit]ature !re are tok5s t x _h filt]$ into ,g5tile m9ds4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly vague & %ad[y ev5 at its brighte/1 b 9 ! ,sibyl & ,pollio its fulfilm5t signifi$ some?+ m important ?an a successful revolution 9 ,pale/9e4 ,x meant mighty *anges imp5d+ t w\ld br+ good to all ! _w1 ! augury ( a /> t w\ld soon glimm] 9 ! ea/]n horizon1 & gr[ & bright5 till x w\ld be se5 to be n a light = ,asia only1 b ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness ) heal+ 9 ,8 beams = e nation "u heav54 ,we h ?us be5 foll[+ two l9es ( religi\s movem5t1 p]fectly indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 f> ap>t geographically1 /ill fur!r ap>t 9 ! beliefs :i* inspir$ !m4 ,we h se5 h[ ! melody ( joy & heal? :i* ! ,indians br\ght ) !m f our common primeval home end$ 9 a sigh ( despair4 ,individual exi/5ce1 at fir/ s full ( wond] & delight1 lo/ soon its fre%ness & glory1 & came to be felt to be su* a burd5 t emancipation f x by absorption into ! ,absolute 0 hail$ z a boon4 ,! human m9d1 leav+ its *ildhood beh9d x1 & advanc+ to "q itself & ! univ]se1 aft] a season ( movem5t & s5se ( fre$om & p[]1 someh[ lo/ or miss$ ! way4 ,oppress$ 9 ! toils ( ! jungle1 & w&]+ ev] fur!r f practical life z x proce$$1 x lay d[n vanqui%$1 long+ only to be at re/ & 9 quiet z infants t nev] saw ! light4 ,! o!r l9e ( developm5t m>ks n ! c\rse ( a speculation1 b ! gr[? ( a fai? lay+ hold ( mank9d ) creative & trans=m+ p[]4 ,?is fai?1 nev] dissociat$ f1 b seek+ to dom9ate & re=m actual life1 condemn$ in]tion1 & fo/]$ hope = a race work+ out its salvation1 because conv9c$ t ,god is work+ 9 !m bo? to w & to d4 ,we see a light /ream+ f above into ! d>kness ( man1 pa9+ & bl9d+ at fir/ ! organs :i* x seeks to purify4 ,we see a /ruggle on ! "p ( ! creatures to br+ ! ,mo/ ,high d[n to _! level1 & make ,him _! s]vant1 & a /riv+ ( ! ,div9e ,_s to tra9 !m z *ildr54 ,we see a mighty ,h& laid ev] on a peculi> p1 at times s s(tly t !y h>dly felt x1 at times ) consci\s guid+ & su/a9+ p[]2 at times *a/is+ !m sorely by ! sword ( ! enemy & ! he>t-hung] ( exile1 b nev] giv+ !m ov] unto dea?4 ,n = =ty ye>s1 b = twice =ty g5]ations we see ,him lead+ & humbl+ & prov+ !m1 till 9 ! s\ls ( ! apte/--?\gh only 8a remnant0 ( !m--,he _h root$ ideals ( human de/9y :i* nev] c p]i%4 ,!n1 t all might be ready 9 ! fulness ( "t1 ,he scatt]$ !m among ! nations1 & lo6 :5 requir$ !y are ev]y:]e1 cry+ 9 ! cr[d$ capitals ( ! ,ea/ & ( ! ,we/1 9 ! d>kness ( ! ,nor? & ! brightness ( ! ,s\?1 8,prep>e ye 9 ! des]t an highway = ! ,"l40 ,footnote #fb3 ,introduction to ,le ,b\ddha et sa ,religion2 ,p>is1 #aheh4 ,footnote #fc3 ,mll]1 ,introd4 to ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 i4 p4 xxi4 ,footnote #fd3 ,a4 ,burnell1 ,indian ,antiq41 #ahhj1 p4 #bbc1 quot$ by ,pr(4 ,max ,mll] 9 ,introduction to vol4 x4 ( ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 p4 xi4 ,footnote #fe3 ,frankfurt]1 ,app5dix to ,wordswor?'s ,bampton ,lectures = #ahha2 ,! ,"o ,religion1 p4 #cdj2 ,eitel ,lectures on ,buddhism1 p4 #dd2 ,edk9s1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 p4 #bcb4 ,footnote #ff3 ,pr(4 ,max ,mll]1 ,introduction to vol4 i4 ( ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 p4 xxvii4 ,footnote #fg3 ,a4 ,e4 ,g\gh1 ,philosophy ( ! ,upani%ads1 etc41 p4 #e2 ,trbn]'s ,ori5tal ,s]ies4 ,footnote #fh3 ,?is /atem5t is haz>d$1 not)/&+ ! rec5t reply ( ! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion to ,bi%op ,lightfoot's ,essays4 ,x w be g5]ally conc$$ t he has adopt$ an unt5able position1 & t1 ?\gh 8 rejo9d] to ! le>n$ ,bi%op may be a vigor\s assault1 x is weak criticism4 ,s&ay's "w on ,! ,gospels 9 ! ,second ,c5tury is on ! :ole a bett] reply ?an ! ,bi%op's to ! allegations ( ! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion1 ^: extreme scepticism ( lit]>y evid5ce is q equall$ by 8 dogmatic extravagance ( /atem5t4 ,footnote #fi3 ,vie de ,jsus1 ,introd4 pp4 xv1 xvii1 #d? ed42 ,p>is1 #ahfc4 ,footnote #gj3 ,sci5ce de ,religions1 pp4 #ab1 #bj4 ,footnote #ga3 ,pr(essor ,max ,mll]1 ,introd4 to ,dhammapada1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 p4 x4 ,footnote #gb3 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xiii4 p4 #cg2 ,introd41 vol4 xi4 p4 xx4 ,footnote #gc3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 p4 #bg4 ,footnote #gd3 ,mahavansa1 by ,turn\r2 ,dipavansa1 xx4 #bj1 quot$ by ,pr(essor ,max ,mll] 9 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vols4 x4 p4 xxiv1 & xiii4 p4 xxxv4 ,footnote #ge3 ,buddhi/ ,bir? ,/ories1 vol4 i4 p4 lvii2 ,trbn]'s ,ori5tal ,s]ies4 ,footnote #gf3 ,web]1 ,indian ,lit]ature1 p4 #bid2 ibid4 ,footnote #gg3 ,we may safely ass]t t 9 ! mass ( ,buddhi/ lit]ature already available no?+ has be5 f\nd1 nor is any?+ at all likely to be f\nd1 correspond+ 9 "* & evid5tial value to ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures4 ,:at w\ld ! ,new ,te/am5t h be51 asks ,pr(essor ,mll]1 8if ! spuri\s ,gospels1 ! pseudo-apo/olic & po/-apo/olic productions1 ! debates ( ! ,c\ncils1 ! comm5t>ies ( ! ,fa!rs1 & ! lives ( ! sa9ts1 _h all be5 b\nd & mix$ up ) x08 7,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 i41 ,introd41 pp4 xv1 xvi47 ,& yet ?is is a p>allel to ! confusion repres5t$ by ! s-call$ ,buddhi/ ,bible4 ,9 tru?1 x is n a ,bible1 b a libr>y1 conta9+ n only ! e>lie/ treatises1 b ! comm5t>ies ^u !m made 9 lat] ages1 & extracts & repetitions f itself s ext5sive & num]\s t 7 !y omitt$ ?is port5t\s collection--f\r times z volum9\s z our ,*ri/ian ,bible--w\ld be f\nd to be mu* %ort] ?an x4 ,:5 ! orig9al ,bible ( ,buddhism has be5 dis9t]r$ f ?is pile x w be f\nd to resemble almo/ 9 no?+ our ,new ,te/am5t1 b x may pres5t _m analogies to ! ,talmud & ,t>gums1 & p]haps "s v int]e/+ resemblances to isolat$ portions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,z f> z x has be5 translat$ to u1 ! ,tripitaka conta9 nei!r prophecy nor hi/ory2 b "o division ( x pres5ts sugge/ive co9cid5ces ) portions ( ! apocryphal ,scriptures2 & s*ol>s may f9d a comp>ison ( "s ( ! texts ( ,job1 ,prov]bs1 & ,ecclesia/es ) ^? ( ! ,dhammapada & "s ( ! ,suttas an agreeable & n unpr(itable /udy1 )\t 9 ! lea/ be+ tempt$ to transf] _! allegiance f ! ,hebrew to ! ,indian sages4 ,footnote #gh3 ,eitel1 ,lectures on ,buddhism1 p4 #f2 ,hunt]1 8,hi/orical ,aspects ( ,indian ,geography10 ,scot4 ,geog4 ,mag41 ,dec4 #ahhh4 ,footnote #gi3 ,rog]s1 ,sup]human ,orig9 ( ! ,bible1 ,lecture v4 ,footnote #hj3 ,pr(essor ,max ,mll]1 ,introduction to ! ,sci5ce ( ,religion1 p4 #ajc4 ,footnote #ha3 ,pr(essor ,mll]1 ,gif=d ,lectures1 ,natural ,religion1 p4 #efd4 ,footnote #hb3 ,record ( ,mission>y ,conf]5ce 9 ,london1 #ahhh1 vol4 i4 p4 #ci2 also 8 ,buddhism1 p4 #eeh4 ,footnote #hc3 ,le ,gnie des ,religions4 ,footnote #hd3 ,sutta ,nipata1 translat$ by ,fausbll 9 vol4 x4 ( ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 ,"p ii4 pp4 #bc1 #gf1 #aji1 #aac4 ,footnote #he3 ,ibid4 vol4 x41 ibid4 ,"p ii4 p4 #dj4 ,we are also rem9d$ t a man is n a ,bikkhu because he puts on yell[ robes1 unless he has cleans$ himself f evil 7,dhammapada1 i4 #i1 #aj74 ,footnote #hf3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,buddhism1 pp4 #e1 #ade4 ,footnote #hg3 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 pp4 #afb1 #afc4 ,footnote #hh3 mile ,burn\f1 ,sci5ce de ,religions1 p4 #bd4 ,footnote #hi3 ,m4 ,vivi5 de ,/4 ,m>t91 ,mmoires sur les contres occid5tales4 ,footnote #ij3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 p4 #aj4 ,footnote #ia3 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 i4 p4 xxii4 ,footnote #ib3 ,tylor1 ,primitive ,culture1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cch2 ,web]1 ,indian ,lit]ature1 p4 #ch2 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,religi\s ,?\ght & ,life 9 ,india1 p4 #ah4 ,footnote #ic3 ,see ,satapa?a-,brhmana1 translat$ by ,pr(essor ,eggel+ 9 vols4 xii4 & xxvi4 ( ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/4 ,max ,mll] places ! age ( ^! books )9 ! n9? & sev5? c5turies ,b4,c4 ,footnote #id3 ,e4 ,qu9et1 ,le ,gnie des ,religions1 p4 #ahe2 ,p>is1 #aheg4 ,footnote #ie3 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,religi\s ,?\ght & ,life 9 ,india1 p4 #bd1 ref]r+ to ! ,ait>eya-,brahmana1 vii4 #ac4 ,footnote #if3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 p4 #ae2 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #be4 ,footnote #ig3 ,g\gh1 ,philosophy ( ! ,upani%ads1 pp4 #da1 #db4 ,footnote #ih3 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vols4 i4 & xv4 ,no "o has dat$ any ( ! ,upani%ads e>li] ?an #fjj ,b4,c41 & "s ( !m are v late4 ,footnote #ii3 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 i4 p4 lxvi4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,svetsvat>a-,upani%ad1 iii4 #g1 iv4 #ad1 #af1 v4 #ac1 vi4 #g1 #i1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xv4 ,footnote #aja3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 pp4 #dg1 #dh2 ,g\gh1 ,phil4 ,upan4 pp4 #fa1 #fg4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #bh4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,hi/ory ( ,israel1 vol4 i4 pp4 #da1 #dg4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,gif=d ,lectures1 ,natural ,religion1 p4 #efc4 ,footnote #aje3 ,x is significant t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,bible ,nature-wor%ip seems /amp$ z accurs$ 9 its symbol1 ! s]p5t1 & t ! :ole ,bible f beg9n+ to end is a ,div9e prote/ aga9/ t wor%ip 9 all its =ms4 ,mank9d 9 all ages is tempt$ to become z ! gods1 & 9 a l[ condition he has almo/ ev]y:]e succumb$ to ! temptation4 ,he fea/s 8 gods1 compels !m to s]ve him1 is really high] ?an !y1 & ?us he degrades himself or falls f ! ideal ( "o made 9 ! image & aft] ! lik5ess ( ,god4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,ewald1 ,hi/ory ( ,israel1 vol4 i4 pp4 #cbj-cbb4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,"s ascribe x to ! ,deut]onomi/1 *4 vi4 #d4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,pr(essor ,mll] f9ds ! fir/ traces ( a ,mak] or ,creator 9 ! ,v$ic deity ,tva%t>1 ! c>p5t]--! clev] workman1 ev5 smi?1 =g+ bolts = ,indra !re91 ,rig-,v$4 iii4 #ee4 #ai4 8,tva%t>1 ! enliv5]1 end[$ ) _m =ms1 has n\ri%$ ! creatures & produc$ !m 9 _m ways2 all ^! worlds are 840 ,( ano!r god1 latt]ly call$ ,pragpati1 he quotes ,rig-,v$4 x4 #ha4 #b1 z "o :o1 8creat+ ! e>?1 disclos$ ! sky by 8 p[]40 ,v significantly1 h[ev]1 he rem9ds u t ! same poet loses ! idea1 & speaks ( ! secret ( creation z undiscov]able4--,mll]'s ,natural ,religion1 p4 #bde4 ,also ,introd4 to ,upani%ads1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xv4 p4 xxiv4 ,footnote #aji3 ,fairbairn1 ,religion 9 ,hi/ory & 9 ! ,life ( ,to-day1 pp4 #ci-ea4 ,footnote #aaj3 ,x 0 only by _! v highe/ & greate/ s\ls t ! ,godhead 0 conceiv$ 9 any?+ ( its spiritual glory4 ,to ,abraham ,god 0 ! ,creator1 di/9ct f & great] ?an ! e>? & heav5s :i* ,he _h made2 to ,moses ,he 0 a righte\s ,lawgiv]1 tra9+ ^u eagle-w+s a peculi> p2 to ,david ,he 0 a t5d] & wise ,%eph]d ( a fooli% & helpless flock2 to ,isaiah & ! lat] prophets a ,fa!r deal+ ) rebelli\s p1 :om ,he pities1 kn[+ :]e( !y 7 made4 ,^! conceptions1 h[ev]1 _c be said to h be5 ^? ( ! mass ( ! p4 ,footnote #aaa3 ,ku551 ,national ,religions & ,univ]sal ,religion1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahhb1 p4 #ahg4 ,footnote #aab3 ,ed]%eim1 ,life & ,times ( ,jesus ! ,messiah1 vol4 i4 p4 #bge4 ,footnote #aac3 ,jos4 ,contra ,ap4 ii4 #cj4 #cb2 ,antiq4 xviii4 #a4 #a2 ,jewi% ,w>s1 ii4 #h4 ,footnote #aad3 ,uhlhorn1 ,conflict ( ,*ri/ianity1 *aps4 i4 ii42 ,jos4 ,antiq4 xiii4 #i4 #a1 & #aa4 #c1 & ,contra ,ap4 ii4 #aj4 #ci2 ,ku551 ,religion ( ,israel1 iii4 #bgc seq42 ,r5an1 ,les ,aptres1 pp4 #bec1 #bfj4 ,footnote #aae3 ,! tru? on :i* ! ,sabba? is f\nd$ is ! maje/ic tru? ( a complet$ creation1 & "o con=m to ! late/ discov]ies ( sci5ce4 ,dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( human obs]vation no new creative ef=t has be5 display$ 9 ! production ( a new type4 ,! animal & vegetable worlds /& to-day z man fir/ beheld !m4 ,! creative _s has pass$ into ! s\l ( man1 9 ^: _w is ! progress :i* nature has long ceas$ to manife/1 & "u ^: h&l+ nature itself improves4 ,b ,god1 ?\gh re/+ f ,8 works ( creation1 is n 9 ,scripture said to be re/+ f ,8 works ( m]cy3 8,my ,fa!r worke? hi!rto1 & ,i "w40 ,footnote #aaf3 8,! words ( ,agur ! son ( ,jakeh10 ,prov]bs xxxi4 #a4 ,footnote #aag3 ,hb]1 ,d] ,pessimismus1 #ahgf1 p4 #h2 ,holdheim1 ,preface to vol4 iii4 ( ,pr$igt51 quot$ by ,*eyne1 ,job & ,solomon1 pp4 #bej-bec4 ,footnote #aah3 ,eccles4 xii4 #ab4 ,footnote #aai3 ,ed]%eim1 ,life & ,times ( ,jesus ! ,messiah1 vol4 i4 p4 #bgf2 ,keim1 ,jesus ( ,naz>a1 vol4 i4 pp4 #caf-cbe2 ,ku551 ,religion ( ,israel1 vol4 iii4 p4 #agg4 ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,! ,,buddha ,,( ,,! ,,pitakas3 ,,! ,,*ri/ ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,! condition ( ,pale/9e & ! progress ( ev5ts 9 x at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 are set 9 ! cle> light ( hi/ory1 & def9$ by an accurate *ronology4 ,to ! sup]ficial obs]v] x appe>$ to be a prosp]\s l&1 = x 0 f]tile & c>efully till$1 popul\s1 &1 9 ! nor!rn regions especially1 teem+ ) ! fruits ( indu/ry4 ,x _h rea*$ ! comm]cial /age ( civilisation1 & ev]y:]e1 9 well-built cities adorn$ ) palatial build+s1 _m ( !m ! abodes ( m]*ants :o rivall$ ! ,italian nobles & ,h]odian pr9ces 9 ! co/l9ess ( _! mann] ( liv+1 x yield$ indications ( ! luxury :i* successful comm]ce br+s 9 its tra94 ,b z always happ5s :5 weal? ab\nds 9 a l&1 !re 0 a correspond+ am\nt ( pov]ty4 ,:ile ! ri* 7 lavi%+ =tunes ^u selfi% & gigantic follies1 an increas+ multitude1 born & br$ 9 squalor1 7 /ruggl+ = v exi/5ce4 ,9 ! days ( ! ,son ( ,man _! numb]s 7 va/ly increas$ by political tr\bles :i* di/urb$ trade & depress$ agriculture4 ,s to an eye t look$ b5ea? ! surface ?is seem+ly prosp]\s ,pale/9e 0 diseas$ & 9 a dang]\s condition1 = paup]ism & discont5t 7 rapidly matur+ ! se$s ( an>*y1 & prep>+ = ! successive revolutions 9 :i* s _m p]i%$ be=e ! ,roman eagles swept d[n ^u ! c>cass ( a ,/ate politically dead1 because morally & socially corrupt4 ,"u ! ,h]odian dom9ion1 secur$ z x _h be5 by ! de/ruction ( an illu/ri\s royal h\se & ! sacrifice ( _! brave/ patriots1 ! sympa?ies ( ! p revolt$ f ! ?rone to clu/] = a "t ar\nd ! temple2 b j z ! dignity ( ! (fice ( ! high prie/ 0 ris+ 9 _! e/imation1 successive nom9ations to x by ! k+ & procurator ( m5 odi\s to ! good turn$ ! tide 9 a diff]5t direction4 ,! hi]>*y 0 repres5t$ by ! ,sadducees1 a p>ty small 9 numb] & f> f popul>4 ,?\gh we>+ names ( anci5t & hon\r$ families1 !y 7 obvi\sly c>eless alike ( ! sanctu>y & ( ! int]e/s ( ! nation4 ,/rict obs]v]s ( ! law ( _! ,davidic ance/or1 !y reject$ ! preval5t int]pretations ( x1 & all ! new-fangl$ doctr9es conc]n+ angels & spirits1 & ! resurrection ( ! j1 :i* _h be5 =mulat$ s9ce ! ,exile4 ,especially oppos$ to ! belief t ! keep+ ( ! law w\ld procure = a man recomp5ce 9 a future /ate1 !y held t ! law mu/ be kept to ! lett] j because x 0 ,god's w1 ev5 ?\gh ! s\l di$ ) ! body4 ,_! weal? & position z ! ari/ocracy br\ght !m into connection ) ! repres5tatives ( ! great =eign p[]s ( ! times1 ^: mann]s & fa%ions !y copi$2 b ! ne>] !y drew to ! ,roman & ,asmonean nobility ! fur!r !y drew ap>t f ! p :om !y nev] pret5d$ to love1 & :o1 equally ali5at$1 reg>d$ !m ) simil> dislike4 ,)drawn f ! temple1 ! affections ( p 7 freely giv5 to ! synagogue lead]s z ! repres5tatives & fo/]]s ( ! national ideals & hopes4 ,9 ^! days e small t[n _h its synagogue1 :ile 9 ,j]usalem alone !re 7 said to be f\r hundr$ & eighty4 ,^! 7 n only places ( wor%ip1 b s*ools 9 :i* ! ,law 0 made ! common possession ( all )\t di/9ction1 & also ar5as = excit+ discussion1 9 :i* 0 nurs$ t love ( dialectics to :i* s _m /rik+ analogies exi/ bo? 9 ,india & ,greece4 ,!y 7 dom9at$ by ! ,scribes1 ! sole copi]s = ! ev] increas+ synagogues ( ! anci5t ,scriptures1 & ! true int]pret]s ( ! law4 ,p$antic & self-important ?\gh !y g5]ally 71 !y 7 rev]$ s by ! p = _! piety & gifts t f !m 7 *iefly select$ ! memb]s ( ! c\rt ( ! ,sanh$rim1 :i* repres5t$ all t 0 left to ! nation ( executive p[]4 ,_! ,cabbala1 reveal+ ! secret doctr9es to be f\nd 9 names1 ( :i* we h specim5s 9 ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,paul1#abj & ! my/ic significance ( numb]s1 ( :i* we h traces 9 ! ,apocalypse1 may be only int]e/+ n[ z curiosities1 b we mu/ nev] =get t !y r5d]$ undy+ s]vice to ! _w 9 pres]v+ f corruption1 by _m arts c>efully /udi$ & appli$1 ! texts ( ,holy ,scripture4#aba ,! ,ph>isees1 ! ,naz>ites ( ! nation z _! "n implies1 ! democratic antagoni/s ( ! ari/ocratic ,sadducees1 ! /aun* oppon5ts ( ! ,g5tile1 ! believ]s 9 ! com+ k+dom ( ! j1 7 des]v$ly ! mo/ popul> ( all ! religi\s sects 9 ,pale/9e4 ,m lib]al ?an ! ,sadducees 9 _! int]pretation ( ! law 9 its be>+ ^u ! p1 !y nev] ?\ght ( exact+ = faults or transgressions ! anci5t p5alties2 b !y 7 f> m sev]e 9 _! p]sonal obs]vance ( x4#abb ,to ! mass ( !m x 0 a ladd] by :i* !y might climb into ! k+dom ( heav52 & out ( x1 to make sure ( ?is end1 !y evolv$ a mo/ compreh5sive sy/em ( bye-laws1 z sacr$ to !m z ! orig9al precepts by :i* e action & ^w & relation ( life 0 regulat$4 ,ph>isaism 0 j ,brahmanism1 & ?\gh m e?ically appli$ x 0 9 its _s & aim z selfi%4 ,b5t only ^u accumulat+ m]it1 9 "* x became ev5tually z morally impure4 ,=gett+ 9 _! att5tion to petty details ! weighti] obligations ( life1 disreg>d+ _! neighb\rs t !y might provide = _! own recomp5ce1 ! ,ph>isees became z a class s corrupt z to draw ^u !m ! mo/ sca?+ ( all ! d5unciations ( our ,"l4 ,m ,ph>isaic ?an ! ,ph>isees1 said to be an (f%oot or secession f !m1 ! ,ess5es 9 _! des]t communities s\ght by ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah 9 ! _s ( ! prophets1 & yet app>5tly by pray]s to ! sun1 & by an ascetic & celibate life1 to deliv] ! immortal s\l f mat]ial impurity1 to educate x to enjoy ! beatific vision1 & to prophesy ! secret ?+s ( ! future4 ,9 ^! communities ( pi\s p1 ! v fl[] ( ,judaism1#abc ! only ray ( light 9 ! deep5+ d>kness1 "s may be p>don$ 9 pr(ess+ to f9d ! dawn ( ,*ri/ianity--n 9 its ext]nal arrangem5ts1 b its inw>d dispositions & beliefs4 ,9 its av[al t morality 0 sup]ior to legal obs]vance1 9 its endeav\r to prep>e ! m9d by calm to receive ! ,div9e in/ruction1 9 its sabbatic sanctification ( all days ( ! week1 9 its e/imate ( all "w z religi\s1 & ( e meal z sacram5tal1 x pre-intimat$ ! tea*+ ( ! com+ gospel2 b :ile its arrangem5ts may h sugge/$ ! mona/ic in/itutions ( ,*ri/5dom1 we c nev] reg>d x z ! matrix ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,its life 0 j ! la/ flick]+ ray ( ,judaism1 a bright gleam irradiat+ ! features ( a moribund age1 b n t ( a new bir? ) promise ( a mighty future4 ,x 0 n ! ru% ( a new =ce into ! battle ( ! r$emption ( humanity1 b ! sauve qui peut ( a r\t :i* x believ$ to be univ]sal4 ,z pessimi/ z ,brahmanism 9 its views ( life1 ?\gh m ,buddhi/ ?an ,brahman 9 its me?ods1 its aim 0 ! same--t ( rescu+ ! individual f a _w nigh unto p]dition & really n wor? ! sav+4#abd ,9 ! virtu\s ,ph>isee & ! pi\s ,ess5e ,judaism f\nd its be/ repres5tatives2#abe b at mo/ !re 7 only six ?\s& ,ph>isees#abf & f\r ?\s& ,ess5es#abg 9 all ! nation1 &1 alas6 ! majority ( ! ,ph>isees 7 n s9c]e2 & ! ,ess5es1 ?\gh really 9 e>ne/1 _h ab&on$ ! nation to its fate4 ,among ! religi\s classes piety & morality _h become s dissociat$ t a man :o 9 ! matt] ( belief or ( wor%ip w\ld /ra9 at a gnat1 might 9 practice )\t condemnation swall[ a camel4 ,! result ( ?is fatal divorce betwe5 cre$ & conduct 0 se5 9 a social corruption :i* augur$ ev]y:]e ! ga!r+ ( ! /orm-cl\ds ( retribution4 ,at t "t ,greece 0 dead1 & :at 0 be/ 9 its _s _h pass$ into ,alex&ria4 ,!re1 bl5d+ ) ! m robu/ _s ( ! ,hebrew religion1 x 0 =m+ t ,hell5ism :i*1 ?\gh x nev] c\ld acc\nt = ! orig91 0 yet p[]fully to influ5ce ! unfold+ ( our religion4 ,9 ,hell5ism we h ! natural resultant ( ! conflux ( ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ?\ght1 :i*1 accord+ to "s1 w expla9 ! bir? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 x c]ta9ly ! ,aryan & ! ,semite 7 se5 contribut+ _! v be/ ?\ghts1 & ! product 0--,philo2 b ,philo-,judu is nei!r ,/4 ,paul nor ,/4 ,john1 & ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,gospels is fur!r beyond him ?an ! heav5s are above ! e>?4 ,9 ,alex&ria ,greece might be said to live1 b ,rome 0 hopelessly dy+4 ,drunk ) ! cup ( ! sorc]ies ( all nations1 embrut$ ) e lu/1 x 0 /agg]+ to a doom :i* nei!r law1 ev5 ! be/ conceiv$ & mo/ ?or\ghly adm9i/]$1 nor philosophy1 ev5 ! wise/ & mo/ consi/5tly illu/rat$1 c\ld av]t4 ,! civilisation ( ! ,we/]n _w 0 m>vell\s3 x 0 a _w n only ( poets & arti/s1 ( brave soldi]s & subtle /atesm51 b ( s\nd morali/s too2 b civilisation1 p[]less to save1 c\ld only cov] ) broid]$ robes ! lepr\s body1 or adorn ) gold5 trapp+s its bi]1 & morality c\ld n re/ore :at 0 sick unto dea?4 ,:5 ,rome & ,pale/9e 7 alike corrupt1 !re 0 no hope = ! _w 9 man2 yet :5 all help 9 man faile?1 !re nev] lacke? help 9 ,god1 & s1 j :5 ! night 0 blacke/1 & despair _h seiz$ on all save a few ag$ p 9 ! c\rts ( ,zion1 & a few ?\ghtful ,magi 9 ! di/ant ,ea/1 lo6 ov] a ,babe 9 ! cattle-crib ( a leewan 9 ,be?lehem 0 descri$ ! %9+ ( ! ,/> ( ,hope4 ,:5 we turn f ,pale/9e to ! holy l& ( ,magadha1 ! cradle ( ,buddhism 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4,c41 we f9d no light ( hi/ory /ream+ ^u x4 ,all is dim & %ad[y1 ) no *ronology to def9e ev5ts1 & no incid5ts to di/+ui% p]sonalities4 ,x is l a l& ( dreams to our mod]n conception1 b x is n a *aos4 ,we c trace to a c]ta9 ext5t movem5ts 9 x1 & z we foll[ !m !re em]ges 9 outl9e suffici5tly cle> a real civilisation1 :i*1 ?\gh lack+ ! /ir & endeav\r1 ! comm]ce & ! art ( ! ,we/1 & really inf]ior to x1 is yet mo/ int]e/+ 9 its pa!tic resemblances1 & all ! m in/ructive t its beliefs & in/itutions 7 =m$ out ( antec$5ts & pr$ispositions v diff]5t f any ( :i* ! ,we/]n _w _h exp]i5ce4 ,x is evid5t f ! v cursory survey already made t religi\s belief 9 ,india & 9 ! ,we/ mu/ h pass$ ?r\gh phases significantly simil>4 ,9 bo? x proce$$ f fai? 9 a reveal$ sy/em ( tru?--9 ,india 9 ! inspir$ ,v$as1 9 ,pale/9e 9 ! inspir$ oracles4 ,human speculation 9 bo? cases 0 begott51 & = long x 0 educat$ 9 fai? 9 revelation1 !n beg9n+ to rationalise2 9 bo? cases x un9t5tionally und]m9$ :at at fir/ x only endeav\r$ to expla94 ,turn+ f anci5t scrolls to ! /udy ( ! book ( human nature1 ^: pages1 ?\gh (t5 tatt]$ & defil$1 are always fasc9at+1 x 0 /agg]$ by ! contradiction betwe5 man's ideals ( goodness & ju/ice & ! realities ( human hi/ory4 ,out ( ?is collision arose ! ,prome!an dem& t ! div9e p[]s t gov]n life 8%\ld ei!r expla9 or abdicate40 ,9 ,pale/9e ?is wre/le ) ! inequalities ( provid5ce orig9at$ e>ly1 & cont9u$ all along2 b x 0 conf9$ )9 limits by fai? 9 ! p]sonality ( ,deity z "o s inf9itely great] ?an man t only a "p ( ,8 ways c\ld be und]/ood4 ,indian speculation nev] rea*$ ! approa*es to ?is idea ( ,god3 x w&]$ into a ,pan!ism ( a gross] type ?an ev] ! ,we/ 0 acqua9t$ )1 & once x rea*$ t /age x c\ld n /op4 ,j z 9 ,greece pan!ism rip5$ into ! mat]ialism ( ! ,epicurean & ! a!ism ( ! ,/oic1 s 9 ,india1 ev5 be=e ! days ( ,gotama1 may h begun t op5 revolt aga9/ ,deity1 9 ! p]il\s attempt ( reason to expla9 by itself ! univ]se1 ) :i* 8 "n has s9ce !n be5 mo/ closely associat$4 ,! religi\s _w 9 ,india 9 ! times prec$+ 8 bir?1 l ! religi\s _w ( ,pale/9e1 _h a hi]>*y repres5t$ by ! ,brahmans1 ! indisp5sable function>ies 9 all sacrificial s]vices4 ,correspond+ to ! ,scribes 7 ! ,teviggi1 ! recit]s & exp\nd]s ( ! sacr$ & /ill unwritt5 books4 ,! ,rabb9 _h _! analogies 9 re=m+ ,brahmans1 :o alone or 9 communities t _h ga!r$ r\nd !m pr(ess$ to tea* ! high] discipl9e :i* c\ld secure deliv]ance4 ,if a multitude ( sects be an indication ( intellectual movem5t1 !re 0 z mu* /ir 9 ,brahmanism z 9 ,judaism4 ,9 ! ,pali books !re are m5tion$ z contempor>ies ( ,buddha six not$ tea*]s ( great s*ools1 ! mo/ =midable ( :om1 or at lea/ ! mo/ hat$ ( 8 s\l1 0 ! head ( an ascetic sect :i*1 l ! ,ess5es1 _h r5\nc$ ! _w to make good _! own salvation4 ,?is ,niggan?a sect1 /ill repres5t$ 9 ,india by close ^u half a million ( adh]5ts 9 ! di/rict ( ,rajputana1 claims n only to h prec$$ ! f\nd] ( ,buddhism by two hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 b to h anticipat$ ! ess5tials ( 8 sy/em4#abh ,its philosophical & e?ical doctr9es are almo/ 9 accord ) 81 :ile its cosmogony & ritual incl9e m t[>ds ^? ( ,h9duism4 ,its adh]5ts apply to _! f\nd] ! titles 8,victor0 or ,j9a1 & 8,enlight5$ ,"o0 or ,buddha1 :i* _m imag9e 7 ascrib$ solely to ,gotama2 b :e!r ,buddhism sprang f x or gave bir? to ,ja9ism is a "q /ill undecid$4 ,! only solid fact z yet asc]ta9$ is t f ! e>lie/ traceable p]iod _! mutual relations are m>k$ by t pron\nc$ intol]ance#abi :i* prevails :5 k9sfolk qu>rel4 ,collision & antagonism betwe5 sects 9 ,india 0 nei!r s %>p nor s fi]ce z 9 ,pale/9e1 & ,buddha m9i/]$ 9 conditions mu* m fav\rable to ! propagation ( 8 sy/em ?an did ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! ,sadducean oppon5ts ( ,*ri/ repres5t$ a p[]ful hi]>*y1 ! ,ph>isees a popul> democracy1 & ! ,scribes an influ5tial ,sanh$rim1 ) p[] ( inflict+ a s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,! ,ess5es nev] m+le 9 ! sc5es ( ! ,gospel1 & x is que/ionable if !y are ev] ref]r$ to 9 !m4 ,ov] all & dom9at+ all 0 a mo/ jeal\s & vigilant ,roman despotism1 ev] ready to turn ev5 a religi\s qu>rel to its own acc\nt1 s t x 0 ! mo/ natural ( ?+s t an opposition ?us repres5t$ %\ld nip1 z x 71 ,*ri/ianity 9 ! v bud by crucify+ its ,f\nd]4 ,9 ,magadha1 h[ev]1 x 0 o!rwise4 ,! broad di/9ction 0 betwe5 ,brahmans & ,sramans1#acj ! latt] a g5]al title cov]+ _m secessions f ,brahmanism1 & ! popul> fav\r 0 equally be/[$ on bo?4 ,! ,brahmans1 ?\gh dom9ant1 _h n ! p[]1 & to _! cr$it d n seem to h _h ! w1 to p]secute4 ,x 0 n f !m1 b f ! s*ola/ic & conceit$ ,teviggi & f ! ascetic sects t ,buddha enc\nt]$ mo/ =midable opposition2 & yet ev5 9 ^! cases opposition 0 n rigid4 ,x 0 a w> n ( bl[s1 b ( words1 9 :i* an appeal to ! secul> arm or to =ce 0 out ( ! "q4 ,a new sect1 !re=e1 especially "o t _h donn$ ! yell[ robes & alms-b[l ( ! m5dicant1 prote/+ aga9/ ! debas+ belief 9 ! efficacy ( ,brahmanic rites1 or ! virtue ga9$ by extravagant ,yogi au/]ities1 w\ld obta9 f ! p at l>ge m fav\r ?an resi/ance or disda94 ,! intellectual movem5t 9 ,india appe>s ?us to h be5 ext5sive & _m-sid$4 ,9 ! multitude ( sects !re is a gu>antee = fre$om1#aca & competition 9 ! proclamation ( tru? is bett] ?an monopoly2 b 9 religion1 z 9 trade1 ! competition ( ov]-multiply+ sects t5ds to increase adult]ation4 ,s 9 e>ly ,buddhi/ lit]ature1 :ile !re is inconte/able evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( hone/ in/ructors1 !re is also unque/ionable evid5ce ( ! abundance ( quacks1 :o trifl$ ) tru? simply to make a ga9 ( x1 & ( %all[ b clev] pr(essionals1 :o dealt ) grave/ !mes 9 ! _s ( ! m]e debat]4#acb ,s !re1 z 9 ,pale/9e 9 ! days ( ,cohele?1 ?r\gh ov]-discussion ! old fai? 0 rapidly evaporat+4 ,9 ! ,brahmans1 religion _h deg5]at$ into =malism2 9 ! ,teviggi1 into traditionalism4 ,9 ! philosophic ,sramans x 0 9 _m in/ances pass+ into blank a!ism2 & among ! ascetics1 into despair4 ,:ile ?is 0 ! condition ( ! le>n$ & ( ! few1 ! masses ev]y:]e1 l ! ,amm ,ha-rets 9 ,pale/9e1 7 w&]+--no man c>+ = !m--fur!r & fur!r into ! idolatries & s5sualities ( ,h9duism4 ,morality 0 p]i%+1 ! writ+ on ! he>t 0 gett+ m indi/9ct1 & consci5ce becom+ m confus$4 ,!n1 j z five c5turies lat]1 :5 fai? 0 almo/ gone1 ,*ri/ came to re/ore x by communicat+ new life1 s :5 div9e law 0 9 dang] ( fad+ f ! consci\sness ( m51 !re arose "o to ass]t its et]nal supremacy2 prea*+ ! cre$ ( ,cohele? )\t 8 fe> ( ,god1 & en=c+ ! keep+ ( ! comm&m5ts1 n z express$ 9 ,v$as or int]pret$ 9 ,brahmanas1 b z writt5 9 e fibre ( ! body & e faculty ( ! be+1 z ! only way to safety4 ,:o 0 he8 ,l ! ,au?or ( ,*ri/ianity1 he has _h to cont5d1 z x 71 = ! recognition ( 8 p]sonal exi/5ce4 ,ev5 to-day x is ma9ta9$ t nei!r ,*ri/ nor ,buddha ev] exi/$1 t !y 7 m]ely inc>nations ( popul> conceptions1 & t all ! leg5ds conc]n+ !m c be r$uc$ to a comb9ation ( ant]ior my?ological elem5ts4 ,^! my?ical !ories1 h[ev]1 9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity1 may be consid]$ among ! curiosities ( criticism2#acc & 9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( ,buddhism1 ?\gh m ju/ifi$ by ! confess$ unc]ta9ty z to dates1 !y h be5 satisfactorily dispell$ z ano!r in/ance ( ref9+ ov]done4#acd ,brahmanism & ! successive phases ( ,h9duism c be trac$ to no individual f\nd]1 b 9 inve/igat+ ! orig9 ( ,buddhism we brea! a v diff]5t atmosph]e4 ,!re is a human & moral "* ab\t x :i* ! o!r ,indian religions lack3 some?+ real z 9 ,mosaism1 & palpable z 9 ,islam4#ace ,we may re/ assur$ t ,buddhism _h = its f\nd] a real p]son1 & ?\gh our be/ au?orities h _h to se>* = _! facts ?r\gh a va/ am\nt ( fabul\s mat]ials1 we may accept ! dates :i* !y h approximately fix$ = 8 bir? & dea?1 & ! outl9es :i* !y h sket*$ ( 8 life & m9i/ry4 ,gotama1 a "n /ill f\nd among ! ,rajput *iefs ( ,nag>a1 0 born 9 ! nor?-ea/]n region ( ,india1 ab\t a hundr$ miles f ,b5>es1 ab\t ! ye> ,b4,c4 #eeg4 ,8 fa!r1 a ,sakya1 a "n unkn[n 9 any native ,indian family1 & said to indicate desc5t f a race ( nor!rn nomad immigrants1 0 rajah ( ,kapila1 & 8 "m 0 a daught] ( ! family ( ,koli4#acf ,8 pr9cipalities1 ( v limit$ ext5t1 seem to h be5 ev5tually swall[$ up by ! great] ,indian mon>*ies1 = :5 ,fa-,hian visit$ ! c\ntry ,kapila _h become a va/ solitude1 & !re = ages its v "n has p]i%$ f ! liv+ spee* ( m54 ,ev5 ?\gh 8 royal p$igree be an embelli%m5t ( ! lat] leg5ds1 !re seems no reason to d\bt t 8 fa!r 0 noble & ri* accord+ to ! /&>d ( ! "t1 & suffici5tly indep5d5t ( ,brahman dom9ation to tra9 8 son 9 8 own way4 ,x seems n to h be5 9 _! /udies1 b 9 ! ex]cises befitt+ a w>rior pr9ce1 t ,gotama 0 educat$1 ?\gh a disposition ?\ghtful & melan*oly1 & /rongly sympa!tic1 appe>s to h dis9cl9$ him f su* a mode ( life4 ,ev5 z a y\? ! d>k] sides ( exi/5ce ?rew a %ad[ ov] him2 ! suff]+s ( mank9d 7 among 8 e>lie/ impressions1 & he brood$ ov] !m till 8 m9d1 poison$ by ! contemplation ( !m1 ?rew its gloom ov] ev]y?+ ar\nd him1 & made ! v air hang heavy ) ! weight ( woe4 ,to "o driv5 z he 0 to ! conclusion t exi/5ce 0 a burd5 r ?an a bless+1 dea?1 accord+ to ! belief 9 :i* he _h be5 nurtur$1 c\ld af=d no relief2 b hope seem$ to dawn = him z he ?\ght ( ! happy yell[-rob$ sages :o1 fre$ f 8 horror1 7 tranquil & dignifi$1 ab/ract$ alike f pleasure & pa94 ,s aft] a p]iod ( irresolution & /ruggle1 9 ! v prime ( 8 manhood1 he /ole away f 8 wife & 8 new-born *ild1 & ca/ 9 8 lot ) ! =e/ recluses4 ,hav+ liv$ "s "t ) !m1 & hav+ f\nd t _! ascetic discipl9e fail$ to satisfy 8 aspirations1 he left !m1 & jo9$ two philosophic ,brahmans1 :o taught him ! sci5ce ( m$itation 9 its l[] & high] degrees4 ,?\gh he _h pr(it$ s mu* by _! in/ruction & discipl9e t he rose 9 six ye>s f be+ a disciple to a tea*]1 he confess$ t he _h n f\nd by _! me?ods ! imp]i%able & p]man5t quietude :i* he covet$4 ,s1 ab&on+ all 8 disciples1 he )drew into solitude1 & plung$ into fa/+ s rigor\s t he ne>ly de/roy$ himself2 !n1 f9d+ t ! secret ( deliv]ance 0 n ?us to be obta9$1 he return$1 amid ! contempt ( 8 =m] companions1 to a m g5ial mode ( life4 ,!n1 all alone 9 ! jungle1 its manifold discom=ts1 ! memories ( home1 & ! fruitlessness ( all 8 endeav\rs1 assail$ him ) ! =ce ( a temptation to desi/ f ! que/2 b rally+ all 8 p[]s = "o supreme ef=t1 he ev5tually1 "u a banyan-tree at ,bohim&a1 triumph$--awoke z "o be=e :om all illusion _h vani%$1 & :o by no div9e illum9ation1 b by 8 own p]sonal en]gy1 _h atta9$ to k ( ! causes ( all ?+s1 & _h at la/ become ! ,buddha1 ! ,enlight5$ ,"o4 ,we ne$ h no difficulty 9 accept+ ?is outl9e ( ! man's spiritual hi/ory z sub/antially correct2 & assum+ x to be s1 we see at once t x is contra/$ 9 e po9t ) ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,9 ! ,indian n>rative1 e4g41 we h long & prolix details ( ! y\? & manhood ( ,gotama2 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,gospels v few incid5ts1 "o pregnant say+1 two or ?ree words ( description1 sum up ! :ole record ( ,*ri/'s biography till ,he appe>$ be=e ! ,bapti/4 ,?is sil5ce is surely sugge/ive1 = x c\ld n h be5 ! result ( ignorance or =getfulness4 8,x is sil5ce1 :]e1 to a moral c]ta9ty10 z is indicat$ alike by ! apocryphal ,gospels & ! ,buddhi/ leg5ds1 8m5 left to !mselves w\ld h us$ mu* spee*40 ,9 ! ,gospels ! ?+s :i* we are naturally curi\s to "k are conceal$ f u1 & !re is disclos$ only ! spiritual reality 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity consi/s4 ,:]e ,he 01 h[ ,he look$1 :at ,he did dur+ ^! long ye>s ( wait+ & prep>ation1 ! ,evangeli/s h n told u2 b !y h reveal$ en\gh to %[ :at ,he 04 ,sc5]y & circum/ances are z no?+1 because ! life t 0 reveal+ itself 9 !m 0 ev]y?+2 & ( ! unfold+ ( t life1 ! few & slight b mo/ sugge/ive t\*es ( ! ,gospels enable u to =m cle>] conceptions ?an we are ev] likely to =m ( ,gotama's f ! abundant incid5ts ( ! ,buddhi/ /ory4 ,?us :ile ! son ( ! ,indian rajah did n require to keep f himself any?+ t 8 he>t desir$1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 9 ! home ( ,galilee _h to d5y ,himself1 & to endure 9 ! commone/ k9d ( lab\r a h>dness :i* ! ,indian y\?1 9 ! in]tion ( 8 class & race1 reg>d$ z "p ( ! curse ( exi/5ce4 ,/ill1 ,jesus _h meat to eat :i* ! o!r knew n (2 ,he _h bread en\gh & to sp>e1 :ile ! o!r 0 p]i%+ ( hung]4 ,ri* 9 pov]ty1 :ile ,gotama 0 poor 9 8 abundance1 ,jesus ! c>p5t] appe>s highly exalt$ 9 :at ! o!r w\ld h call$ humiliation4 ,!re1 :ile ,gotama1 hav+ ev]y?+ :i* he c\ld desire at 8 call1 _h discov]$ t human life 0 worse ?an vanity1 ,jesus1 self-surr5d]$ 9 fai?ful s]vice ( o!rs1 0 le>n+ h[ full ( bless$ness & h[ ri* 9 p[] ( bless+ ! life ( any man might be4 ,! angels ( nature & provid5ce1 by ! lilies ( ! field & ! *ildr5 9 ! m>ket-place1 in/ruct$ him 9 a wisdom :i* no ,indian sage ev] dream$ (2 & ?\gh ,he saw ! wret*$ness ( ?is evil _w z ,gotama nev] saw x1 & felt = ! mis]y ( m5 z ,gotama nev] c\ld feel1 ,he saw :at ev5 ,buddha ! ,enlight5$ nev] c\ld descry1 ! face ( a ,fa!r 9 ,heav5 n fr[n+ 9 wra? b ye>n+ 9 pity ov] all4 ,s1 in/ead ( repell+1 ! suff]+ & evil ( ! _w drew ,jesus clos] to x1 till1 f9d+ ,8 grace1 n z ,gotama f\nd ,8 wisdom1 9 desire to be deliv]$ f x1 b 9 ! dep? ( ,8 long+ to save x1 ,he gave ,himself to x & = x1 z = a joy t 0 set be=e ,him4 ,aga91 ! enlight5m5t ( ,gotama 0 ! result ( a pa9ful /ruggle1 fir/ betwe5 incl9ation & duty1 & !n ) great p]plexities ( duty1 b 9 ,*ri/ x 0 pa9less & natural1 l ! gr[+ ( ! dawn into ! day4 ,8 pure & at fir/ joy\s life unfold$ itself l a beautiful morn+ "u ! animat+ impulse ( love to ,god & to all ,8 creatures4 ,z ,he grew 9 consci\sness ( ! heav5 )91 ,he became m consci\s ( ! disord] )\t1 & m s5sible ( ,8 isolation 9 reg>d to x4 ,z ye> by ye> ! s5se n ( ! _w's mis]y b ( its guilt increas$ )9 ,him1 !re w\ld also increase ! long+ t x %\ld be tak5 away4 ,v e>ly ! conviction took possession ( ,him1 t ,he 0 n "h to w9 ,8 own way to deliv]ance1 b to be ab\t ,8 ,fa!r's bus9ess4 ,gradually ! ,fa!r's bus9ess 0 reveal$ to ,him1 & :5 ! prea*+ ( ! ,bapti/ _h made x cle>1 )\t any wre/le l ,gotama's1 ,*ri/1 ev] close to ,8 ,fa!r1 & ev] cle> 9 ,8 duty1 set ,himself at once to fulfil x4 ,x is (t5 alleg$ t ! temptation 9 ! wild]ness1 :i* m>k$ ! close ( our ,"l's long p]iod ( sil5t prep>ation1 is an exact p>allel to ! fa/+ & temptation :i* prec$$ ,gotama's enlight5m5t at ,bohim&a4 ,!re is d\btless an ext]nal simil>ity suffici5t to arre/ our att5tion1 b ! int]nal contra/s disclose exp]i5ces ( q diff]5t *>act]s4 ,9 ! light ( _! respective hi/ories1 ^! occurr5ces1 ?\gh (t5 ref]r$ to z miracul\s1 7 9 reality mo/ natural4 ,!y repres5t exp]i5ces ( :i* !re c\ld be no witnesses1 & :i*1 indescribable 9 pla9 words1 c\ld only be sugge/$ by a k9d ( p>able4 ,! temptations are record$ n z !y 7 pres5t$ to ! p]sons tri$1 b 9 ! "* :i* !y assum$ :5 _! drift 0 discov]$ & _! aim 0 detect$4 ,bo? 7 assail$ by sugge/ions1 rais+ 9 !m a tumult ( emotion1 :i*1 if unresi/$ or yield$ to1 w\ld 9 ,gotama's case h be5 equival5t to ab&onm5t ( 8 que/ = deliv]ance = ! sake ( s5sual indulg5ce (f]$ by ,mra & 8 daught]s1 & 9 ! case ( ,*ri/1 to refusal to live by ob$i5ce1 to tempt+ ! ,holy ,"o ( ,israel1 & to wor%ipp+ ! spl5did maje/y ( wrong4 ,! temptations 7 real1 assail+ ! w1 seek+ to p>alyse or to *ange x2 & _! =ce 9 ea* case w\ld be 9 proportion to ! dep? & purity ( ! natures assail$4 ,gotama1 ?\gh unmi/akably a man ( high spiritual aspiration1 0 attack$ by s5sual visions1#acg :i* c\ld n possibly h be5 a temptation to a nature l ,*ri/'s4 ,he _h 8to repel z evil :at to o!r m5 w\ld h appe>$ z ideals ( good1 & _h to turn away f :at ! noble/ ( m5 w\ld h *]i%$ z innoc5t dreams or spl5did *ances10#ach because to ,8 pure eyes !y 7 ,satanic temptations4 ,he suff]$1 be+ tempt$1 b ,8 tr\ble & suff]+ 7 caus$ nei!r by irresolution1 nor vanity1 nor fe>1 b by ,8 own l[ly humility & to ! s5se ( ! exce$+ greatness ( ,8 mission4 ,gotama1 sorely conc]n$ ab\t himself1 w5t ap>t to fa/ & m$itate & wre/le = 8 own deliv]ance1 b ,*ri/ w5t ap>t n to fa/--fa/+ 0 an unhe$$ incid5t 9 & n ! aim ( ,8 retirem5t1 & 9 no p]plexity ab\t ,8 own salvation1 = t 0 assur$ & made ! basis ( assault1--b t 9 quiet m$itation ,he might see m cle>ly ! way by :i* ! salvation ( ,god c\ld be br\ght to mank9d4 ,*ri/ 0 =c$ to ackn[l$ge t absolute surr5d] to ,8 ,fa!r's w 9 ,8 mission meant absolute antagonism to ! _w1 & ,he 0 tri$ by sugge/ions z to ! mode ( prosecut+ ,8 mission1 all ! m s$uctive t !y 7 confess$ to be natural4 ,might ,he n1 z ! ,belov$ ( ,heav51 to c>ry ! _w along ) ,him1 & to save multitudes f suff]+1 sw]ve j a little f ,8 high ideal1 & accommodate ,8 ways to suit _! prejudices8 ,^! temptations 9 ! beg9n+ cont9u$ ,8 temptations to ! v close ( ,8 m9i/ry4 ,n once1 b all ,8 life1 z ,he hung]$ = ! sympa?y & tru/ ( ^? :om ,he s\ght to save1 0 ,he tempt$1 z 9 ,cap]naum1 :5 _m fell away f ,him1 to 8*ange ! /ones into bread40 ,n once only did ,he /& on 8! battlem5ts ( ! temple10 nor once only 0 ,he (f]$ 8all ! k+doms ( ! _w & ! glory ( !m40 ,aga9 & aga9 0 ,he 9 p]il :5 ,he /ood high 9 ! op9ion ( ! cr[ds1 & he>d !m 9 _! ,hosanna entreat+ ,him1 ?r\gh ,8 v sympa?y ) & love = !m1 to gratify _! wi%es2 yet 9 e case ! temptation 0 reject$ )\t ! slighte/ wav]+ ! mom5t x 0 und]/ood4 8,get !e beh9d me1 ,satan40 8,?\ %alt n tempt ! ,"l ?y ,god40 8,! cup :i* my ,fa!r ha? giv5 me1 %all ,i n dr9k x80 ,= aga91 ,*ri/ conqu]$ because f ! beg9n+ to ! clos+ agony ,he /ood firm root$ 9 ob$i5ce & 9 submission to ! w ( a ,high] ?an self2 b ! ,buddhi/ writ]s want to impress ! v opposite ( ?is ^u u 9 reg>d to ,gotama's victory4 ,he is said to h conqu]$ ,mra by ! =ce ( 8 own w1 & won 8 way to light by 8 individual en]gy alone4 ,aft] he became ,buddha he hesitat$ :e!r he w\ld prea* ! way ( deliv]ance to m51 n because1 l ,moses & ! ,hebrew prophets1 he _h no confid5ce 9 himself & requir$ ! assurance ( a div9e /r5g? n 8 own4 ,he _h p]fect assurance 9 himself1 b he _h no confid5ce at fir/ 9 ! ability ( o!rs to compreh5d & to foll[ him 9 a way s difficult to f9d & s h>d to tread4#aci ,he ask$ no deity to help him1 = he 0 great] & wis] ?an all ! gods4 ,9 ! leg5ds ,brahma is said 9 int]cession to h press$ him to prea* ! way1 & mov$ ev5tually by no int]cession1 b simply by 8 own pity = m5 lo/ 9 ! vortices ( mis]able exi/5ce1 he w5t =? 9 no /r5g? b 8 own to prea* & to tea* 9 a m9i/ry1 n ( %ame & humiliation & dea?1 b "o ( great exaltation & hon\r4 ,?is conception col\rs ! n>rative ( 8 :ole c>e]4 ,9 ! lat] scriptures he is designat$ ! ,ta?gata 7,he :o has gone or arriv$ at ,nirvana71 ! v rev]se & po9t-blank contradiction ( ,*ri/ ! ,messiah1 ,he :o 0 s5t4 ,!re 0 no high] to s5d him1 no wis] to tea*4 ,he came 9 8 own "n2 b ,jesus1 z "o s5t by ,him into ! _w1 w5t =? 9 ! "n ( ,8 ,fa!r4 ,?\gh ,he made dem&s ^u ! fai? ( ! _w comp>$ ) :i* ! pret5sions ( ,gotama are trivial--= at ! highe/ he only claim$ to be ,buddha ! ,enlight5$1 :ile ,*ri/ spake ( ,himself z ! 8,light ( ! _w10--yet 9 ,*ri/'s claim !re 0 ev] a s5se ( dep5d5ce express$ or impli$1 z ( "o :o ( ,8 own self c\ld d no?+1 & :o only taught :at ,8 ,fa!r _h %[$ ,him4 ,bo? spake ) au?ority1 & n z ! scribes2 bo? sup]s$$ ! traditional dom9ation ( :at 0 said by m5 ( old times ) ! emphatic 8,i say unto y02 b !re is a va/ diff]5ce 9 ! quality ( ?is au?ority 9 ! two cases4 ,! au?ority ( ,buddha sprang f 8 ackn[l$g$ intellectual sup]iority1 b ! au?ority ( ,jesus sprang f spiritual insight4 ,! deliv]ances ( ,buddha 7 giv5 aft] ! mann] ( a ,socratic dialogue1 & he won 8 conv]ts & vanqui%$ oppon5ts by 8 dialectic skill4#adj ,b 9 all ! enc\nt]s ( ,*ri/ ) ,8 enemies !re 0 no =c+ ( _! reason to ga9 ,8 end4 ,8 replies & c\nt] que/ions 7 brief & direct & incisive2 !y 7 l ! fiat ( a k+ or ! s5t5ce ( an un*all5geable judge1 f :i* reason & consci5ce alike confess$ t !re c\ld be no appeal4 ,c]ta9ly 9 ! two m9i/ries 0 fulfill$ a say+ ( ,*ri/1 8,i am come 9 my ,fa!r's "n1 & ye receive me n2 if ano!r %all come 9 8 own "n1 him w ye receive10 = aft] a v %ort p]iod ( imp]fect success ! public c>e] ( ,gotama became a cont9u\s victori\s progress4 ,disciples1 drawn mo/ly f ! highe/ classes--! ,brahmans1 ! nobles1 & ! weal?y m]*ants--flock$ r\nd him :]ev] he appe>$4 ,he j\rney$ foll[$ by admir+ cr[ds1 he _h only to %[ himself to impress1 & he _h only to prea* to conv9ce4 ,! mo/ /ubborn resi/ance became fluid "u 8 spell1 & ^? :o approa*$ to confute 7 sure to succumb to 8 sweet reasonabl5ess4 ,he 0 support$ by p[]ful rajahs1 & ^? :o did n %[ him prop] rev]5ce 7 puni%$ accord+ to _! edicts4 ,he 0 lodg$ 9 p>ks & g>d5s & palaces1 sev]al ( :i* 7 gift$ to him = ! use ( 8 ,ord]4 ,accessible always to p ( all ca/es1 & ( e condition1 & ( bo? sexes1 he receiv$ ! att5tion ( ! c\rtesan1 & %>$ h] fea/ & accept$ h] (f]+1#ada b he always ma9ta9$ ! nobility & purity ( an irreproa*able "*1 & :]ev] he 0 f\nd x 0 z ! prophet ( righte\sness1 temp]ance1 & judgm5t to come4 ,rejoic+ ?r\gh 8 long & hon\rable m9i/ry1 sometimes loa? to die1 z =esee+ ! tr\bles :i* w\ld befall 8 ,ord] aft] 8 decease1 he at la/1 :5 ov] f\rscore ye>s1 9 a sickness alleg$ to h be5 induc$ by p>tak+ too freely ( "s ri* food1 ) ! quiet dignity & composure ( a sa9t1 fell asleep1 & 0 buri$ ) ! fun]al obsequies :i* ,indians !n be/[$ on ! bodies ( _! greate/ k+s4#adb ,x w\ld be impossible1 9 e respect1 to f9d a m absolute contra/ to all ?is ?an ! /ory ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,if ,he 0 popul>1 x 0 only = a little1 & !n only ) ! masses4 ,! ari/ocracy & ! religi\s classes /ood alo(1 & soon ent]$ into a conspiracy to get rid ( ,him4 ,he _h a few disciples among !m1 l ,joseph ( ,arima?a1 & ,nicodemus1 & ! family at ,be?any1 b ! words ( ! prophet accurately sum up ! n>ratives ( ! ,gospel1 t ,he 0 8despis$ & reject$ ( m540 ,to foll[ ,him meant jo9+ 9 no triumphal procession1 b 9 a /ruggle aga9/ /orm & tide :i* 0 sure to end 9 dea?4 ,suspect$ f ! fir/1 & spe$ily d5\nc$1 ,he 0 wat*$ & track$ & driv5 f place to place1 till at la/ ! toils ( ! hunt]s clos$ successfully ar\nd ,him1 & at ! age ( ?irty-?ree ,he 0 crucifi$ z a malefactor betwe5 two robb]s on ,calv>y4 ,b ! gr& & cr[n+ di/9ction betwe5 ! import & effect ( ! two m9i/ries em]g$ at ! close4 ,aft] ,gotama di$ & 8 body 0 burn$1 & 8 relics _h be5 rev]5tly ga!r$1 & di/ribut$1 & en%r9$ 9 co/ly dagobas erect$ 9 ! v>i\s sc5es ( 8 lab\rs1 !re 0 an end ( him4 ,he _h gone out into ! void1 accord+ to 8 own !ory ( ! h]eaft]1 &1 no long] capable ( be+ ( use to 8 disciples1 he exhort$ !m to be 8_! own refuge1 _! own law1 & to "w dilig5tly out _! salvation40#adc ,b :5 ,jesus _h be5 crucifi$ !re 0 manife/ly n an end1 b r a new beg9n+ ( ,8 p]sonal influ5ce1 a ris+ 9 full] p[]1 a com+ aga9 ) great] au?ority4 ,f ! v morn+ ( ,8 m9i/ry ,he took ,8 dea? into ,8 plan1 z ! consummation ( "o /age ( ,8 mission1 )\t :i* ,8 plan w\ld h be5 a failure4 ,all ,8 tea*+ c5tr$ 9 ,8 dea?1 z a moral & spiritual necessity 9 ,div9e provid5ce4 ,in/ead ( compla9+ ( x1 ,he po9t$ to x z ! seal ( ,8 ,messiah%ip1 8! cause = :i* ,he 0 born1 ! end = :i* ,he came into ! _w10 8! h\r0 ( ,8 glorification4 ,! v sett+ ( crime & passion :i* ,8 enemies s\ght to give to ! mann] ( x only made x 9 ,8 e/imation m div9e4 ,in/ead ( evad+ x ,he w5t /raight to meet x1 :5 ! "t _h come1 z "o :o _h a purpose to fulfil by x4 ,t purpose ,he ann\nc$ to be ! developm5t ( ,8 p]sonal res\rces1 ! lib]ation ( ! creative en]gies ( ,8 be+4 ,z uncrucifi$ ,he might be weak1 z crucifi$ ,he w\ld be s mighty z to 8draw all m5 unto ,him40 ,! ev5t amply fulfill$ ! pr$iction1 = %ortly aft] ! crucifixion ,*ri/ aga9 confront$ ! _w 9 ano!r =m & 9 f> great] p[]4 ,! foll[]s ( ,buddha w5t =? te/ify+ to 8 law1 & !y prefac$ _! prea*+ by ! inv>iable =mula1 8,?us h ,i he>d1 :5 ! ,bless$ ,"o liv$ 9 ----40 ,_! mission 0 simply to recall & decl>e & exp\nd ! sy/em ( a ma/] :o _h be5 absolutely lo/ to !m1 b ! apo/les ( ,*ri/ f ! v fir/ te/ifi$ n ( a doctr9e1 b ( ,*ri/ ,himself1 z "o :o hav+ di$ /ill liv$1 0 reign+ 9 mighti] p[]1 & w\ld be ) !m always1 ev5 to ! end ( ! on4 ,= we mu/ be> 9 m9d t ,buddha & ,*ri/ /& 9 v contra/$ relations to ! sy/ems ( belief :i* !y ea* f\nd$4 ,soon aft] ,buddha's dea?1 if n be=e x1 ! =mula ( admission into 8 ord] began ) ! phrase1 8,i take refuge 9 ,buddha10 :i* consequ5tly has be5 describ$ by "s z ! 8fir/ article 9 ! ,buddhi/ cre$40 ,we mu/ n = a mom5t h[ev] suppose t ?is expression is ( equal or ev5 ( simil> significance to our confession1 8,i believe 9 ,*ri/40 ,gotama 9 ! :ole c\rse ( 8 prea*+ nev] ask$ 8 he>]s = fai? 9 himself z ess5tial to _! emancipation4 ,all t he dem&$ 0 ob$i5ce to ! law1 disposition to ent]1 & det]m9ation to foll[ ! pa?s :i* he _h discov]$4 ,he c\ld n give !m ,nirvana1 nor ev5 br+ !m to x2 he c\ld only tell !m ! way to x1 :i* he _h f\nd1 & z he _h succe$$ s might !y by _! own individual en]gy4#add ,we are ?us n free to expla9 ,buddhism f & by ! p]son ( its f\nd]2 x is p]fectly explicable ap>t f him1 z if he _h nev] liv$2 b ap>t f ,*ri/1 & )\t ! light ?r[n ^u x by ,8 p]son1 ,*ri/ianity w\ld be an enigma4 ,*ri/ f ! fir/ dem&$ fai? 9 ,himself z ess5tial to salvation4#ade ,belief 9 :at ,he taught 0 always subord9at$ to tru/ 9 ,himself4 ,consequ5tly ! apo/les nev] said1 #8,obs]ve ! precepts2 foll[ ! pa?s1 & y w f9d ! way ( escape1' b always 8,believe 9 7or on7 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ & ?\ %alt be sav$40 ,!y po9t$ to ,him z ! sole object ( fai? & wor%ip1 z ! only rule & example & inspiration4 ,_! cre$1 _! !ology1 _! e?ical code1 7 n elaborat$ 9 sy/ems2 !y 7 all compreh5d$ 9 a ,p]son :o requir$ nei!r apologi/s nor def5d]s1 b only witnesses :o w\ld manife/ & decl>e ,him4 ,?is mu/ be borne 9 m9d :5 we consid] ! miracul\s elem5ts :i* are common to ! pres5tation1 giv5 9 bo? religions1 ( _! respective ,au?ors4 ,! /ory ( ,buddha1 z we h hi!rto foll[$ x1 tells ( a great r5unciation1 b ( "o t c h>dly be call$ unp>allel$ 9 ! hi/ory ( religion4 ,he 0 probably nei!r ! fir/ nor ! la/ noble ,indian y\? :o 8= ! sake ( t supreme goal ( ! high] life w5t out f all & e h\sehold ga9 & com=t1 to become a h\seless w&]]40#adf ,b ! /ory z we h x 9 ! ,buddhi/ books is v diff]5t4#adg ,_h any "o ask$ a yell[-rob$ mission>y1 ab\t ! "t :5 ! la/ ,gospel 0 be+ writt51 :at he meant by ! ,buddha1 he w\ld h begun by tell+ ( "o :o1 ?\s&s ( ages back1 9 ! %9+ _w ( ! gods1 out ( pity = ! mis]ies ( m51 resolv$ to become a ,buddha t he might tea* !m ! way ( deliv]ance1 & :o ?r\gh _m trans=mations--9 :i* he 0 baptiz$ into all exp]i5ces1 ev5 ^? ( rat & a clod ( e>?--at la/ rea*$ ! po9t :51 com+ d[n f heav51 & ent]+1 9 ! =m ( a :ite elephant1 ! side ( ! w$d$ wife#adh ( a great k+1#adi 0 born z ,buddha4 ,he w\ld tell ( a my/]i\s baptism1 :5 two full /reams ( p]fum$ wat] fell f heav5 ^u him1 :ile all ! gods 9 all ! worlds rais$ 9 responsive h>mony ! heav5ly song2 ( a holy sage :o desc5d$ f heav5 to greet him ) pr$ictions ( 8 glori\s c>e]2#aej ( _m prodigies display$ by him 9 8 illu/ri\s y\?2 ( 8 mighty /ruggle ) & victory ov] ,mra1 ,"l ( all ,desires1 & ( 8 go+ =? z a great k+1 at ! urg5t reque/ ( ! great god ,brahma1 to prea* ,nirvana & deliv] ! _w4 ,!n he w\ld tell h[ :5 he set 8a-roll+ ! :eel0 ( ! 8k+dom ( righte\sness10#aea he did s ) su* effect t n only multitudes ( m51 b eighty ?\s& gods & angels1 8he>+1 ea* 9 _! own tongue1 ?\gh ! language 0 t ( ,magadha10#aeb 7 by "o s]mon imbu$ ) sav+ k & conv]t$2 h[ dur+ 8 long & holy m9i/ry1 by disc\rses & p>ables & miracles1 he br\ght c\ntless millions ( m5 & wom51 & gods & sprites & fairies1 to f9d ! "r way2 h[ ! great devas came to wor%ip or to ask c\nsel f him2#aec h[1 inviolable & inv9cible1 !re c\ld n be f\nd1 ei!r 9 ?is _w or 9 ! _w ( ! devas1 ,mras1 ,brahmans1 8any :o c\ld ei!r scatt] 8 ?\ghts or cleave 8 he>t02#aed h[ he 0 transfigur$1#aee & at la/1 :5 ! "t 0 come1 accompani$ by a disciple v de> to him1 h[ he lay d[n l a k+ betwe5 two trees4 ,!n :5 w9ds 7 hu%$1 & /reamlets sil5c$1 & fl[]s f heav5 %$ _! blossoms ov] him l ra9-drops1 & a great e>?quake rumbl$1 & ! sun & moon hid _! faces1 & ! great ,brahma lam5t$1 ris+ ?r\gh light to light he a*iev$ ! full ,nirvana4#aef ,x is n wond]ful t ,*ri/ians :o h only read or he>d ( ! /atem5ts curr5t z to ! rem>kable co9cid5ces betwe5 ! miracul\s incid5ts record$ 9 ! ,buddhi/ leg5ds & ! ,*ri/ian ,gospels %\ld be p]plex$1 & t n a few ( ^? :o are anti-,*ri/ian 9 _! attitude %\ld h almo/ jump$ to ! conclusion t ! biograph]s ( ! two lives mu/ h kn[n ( ea* o!r's works & borr[$ ea* o!r's traditions4 ,exam9ation ( ! alleg$ co9cid5ces1 h[ev]1 reveals t !re is no occasion = ! p]plexity 9 ! "o case1 & no gr\nd = ! jubilation 9 ! o!r4 ,by no hone/ process ( manipulation c we turn ! suppos$ simil>ities into ev5 probable id5tities4 ,! incid5ts illu/rate v widely contra/$ lives1 & en=ce dogmas utt]ly contradictory to ea* o!r4 ,if any "o is desir\s ( asc]ta9+ ! co9cid5ces :i* are /at$ to exi/1 he w f9d !m cle>ly set =? & classifi$ by ,pr(essor ,seydel 9 8 s-call$ ,buddhi/ ,h>mony2#aeg & if he require any m ?an 8 own common s5se to guide him to an op9ion conc]n+ !m1 he _h bett] consult ! ,app5dix to ,pr(essor ,ku55's ,hibb]t ,lectures on ,national ,religions & ,univ]sal ,religions1 ,dr4 ,kellogg's ,light ( ,asia & ,light ( ! ,_w1 & ,dr4 ,j4 ,e/l9 ,c>p5t]'s article 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,decemb] #ahhj1 8,on ! ,obligations ( ! ,new ,te/am5t to ,buddhism40 ,^! au?orities w confirm ! judgm5t :i* any unbiass$ & intellig5t juryman w\ld =m1 f consid]+ ! evid5ce adduc$ 9 support ( ! !ory ( borr[+1 & f a simple comp>ison ( ! alleg$ p>allels !mselves1 t ,buddhism _h n ! smalle/ direct influ5ce on ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,s fundam5tally unlike are ! alleg$ 8simil>ities0 t ! hypo!sis ( ! d]ivation ( ! cont5ts ( ! ,gospels f ,buddhi/ s\rces is z ridicul\s z w\ld be ! supposition t ! ,v5us ( ,milo 0 copi$ f ! rude idol or hide\s feti* ( an aborig9al tribe4#aeh ,:5 ! mission>ies ( ! two religions fir/ came into actual contact has n yet be5 asc]ta9$1 & ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian ideals ( self-oblivion ^u ! mo/ ess5tially selfi% sy/em ( salvation ev] promulgat$ to ! _w has yet to be trac$4 ,! conception ( self-r5unciation :i* is set =? 9 ! leg5ds may h orig9at$ 9 ! memory ( ! k9dness & g5tl5ess & goodness ( "o ^: life 0 f> nobl] ?an 8 cre$1 & x may h assum$ great] /r5g? & cle>ness :5 ! tea*+ ( ! ,gospels came to be reflect$ ^u x4 ,x may or x may n1 b ( ?is we may be positively c]ta91 t ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & ! compos]s ( ! e>lie/ ,buddhi/ traditions knew positively no?+ ( ea* o!r's productions4 ,?is is a conclusion accept$ by ! v be/ au?orities on ! subject1 & x is ma9ta9$ ) ! greate/ firmness by ^? ( !m :o disc\nt ! miracul\s occurr5ces f\nd 9 ! scriptures ( bo? religions z only ! fond fancies :i* _! affectionate disciples gradually wove ar\nd ! memories ( _! respective tea*]s4 ,!y hold t work+ indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r1 b "u simil> influ5ces & 9 simil> conditions1 x 0 simply natural t !y %\ld h come to adorn ) wond]s some:at alike 9 "* ! /ory ( two lives s pure & b5eficial4 ,! le>n$ au?or ( ! ,hibb]t ,lectures = #ahha has made "s v int]e/+ & important sugge/ions z to ! rise ( ! ,buddhi/ leg5ds1 & z he seems to imply a simil> gr[? ( ! 8,*ri/ian leg5d10 x may be advisable to consid] bo? acc\nts 9 _! relation to ! lit]>y s\rces :i* pr(ess to au!nticate !m4 ,let u assume1 !re=e1 t ! ,lalita ,vi/>a 0 actually 9 circulation ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era1#aei & let u take = grant$ t "o ( ! olde/ ,suttas1#afj pr(ess+ to relate a portion ( ,buddha's m9i/ry1 0 extant 9 ! =m 9 :i* we h x1 "s ?ree c5turies e>li]1 or a c5tury aft] ,buddha's dea?4 ,a comp>ison ( ^! two productions reveals at once ! fact t 9 ! e>lie/ !re is no ref]5ce to ! div9ity1 pre-exi/5ce1 or sup]natural bir? ( ,buddha1 & mak+ all[ance = ! usual exagg]ation ( language1 t !re are v few miracul\s incid5ts record$ 9 x4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t ,buddha nev] pr(ess$ to "w a miracle4 ,c]ta9ly ! fragm5ts ( 8 orig9al tea*+ :i* survive indicate t he w\ld be ! fir/ to repudiate all su* z h be5 ascrib$ to him4 ,be t z x may1 x is a lit]>y fact t 9 ! suppos$ e>lie/ books only a few miracles are record$4 ,we may inf] !re=e t by ! "t !y 7 compos$ 8 or?odox disciples _h n =m$ ^? conceptions ( 8 p]son & mission :i* _! pi\s desc5dants lat] on le>n$ to believe & to proclaim4#afa ,! ,gospels are n ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian writ+s1 & n sev]al1 b _m1 8n>ratives conc]n+ ^? matt]s :i* _h be5 fulfill$ or e/abli%$ among0 ,*ri/ians1 ev5 z !y 8deliv]$ !m :o 7 eye-witnesses & m9i/]s ( ! ^w10#afb 7 probably 9 circulation be=e ! ,gospels 7 writt54 ,"s ( ! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul also1 9 all probability1 prec$$ ^? collections ( 8! words & de$s ( ! ,"l02 b ! sub/ance ( ! ?ree fir/ ,gospels 0 v e>ly produc$1 & we may be morally c]ta9 t !y conta9 ! beliefs :i* ! v fir/ g5]ation ( ,*ri/ians ent]ta9$ conc]n+ ,him4 ,! tru? ( ^! beliefs is n n[ "u discussion1 b only ! fact ( !m1 & ! k9d ( p :o 7 influ5c$ by !m4 ,x is av]r$ 8t ! outw>d conditions 9 :i* ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity arose 7 simil>1 & s 7 ! m5tal qualities ( ! disciples ( bo? religions02#afc b ! conditions 7 mo/ dissimil> 9 ?is respect1 t ,buddhism orig9at$ 9 ! dimness ( an unhi/oric age1 & ,*ri/ianity 9 an age & l& s irradiat$ by ! light ( hi/ory t we "k m cle>ly :at 0 happ5+ !n & !re ?an we d ( :at occurr$ 9 ,europe a ?\s& ye>s aft]4 ,! m5tal qualities ( ! disciples ( bo? religions aga9 seem to h be5 mo/ unlike4 ,ab\t ,an&a & 8 companions we "k really no?+ b ! names1 = !y meet u 9 ! ,buddhi/ records z m]e lay figures1 completely resembl+ "o ano!r1 & ) no individuality to di/+ui% !m4#afd ,we may assume1 h[ev]1 t !y belong$ to "o or o!r ( ! _m sects ( ,brahmans or ,sramans1 & if s1 t !y 7 dreamy & contemplative m51 )drawn f practical life1 & f9d+ 9 ! life ( m$itation a sph]e m cong5ial to !m ?an ! actual _w ( :i* !y 7 p>ts4 ,!y appe> to h be5 directly & ?or\ghly unlike to ! v m>k$ p]sonalities repres5t$ by ! ,evangeli/s & ! o!r apo/les ( ,*ri/1 :o 7 all drawn f practical life to be ,8 foll[]s4 ,!y 7 ! v rev]se ( speculative2 !y _h little imag9ation & almo/ no poetry 9 !m2 !y 7 v dull ( compreh5sion 9 reg>d to tru?s high] ?an ! few :i* !y inh]it$1 & v incr$ul\s ab\t any unwont$ occurr5ce said to h tak5 place outside ! little circle ( _! own obs]vation4 ,9 _! consci5ti\s1 matt]-(-fact way ( look+ at ?+s !y 7 ! v la/ m5 to dream dreams or weave leg5ds ar\nd ! memory ( "o :om !y rev]$2 & we h _! own confession1 n ( _! sl[ness ( appreh5sion m]ely1 b ( _! unbelief at fir/ 9 reg>d to all sup]natural manife/ations4 ,n[ :ile ! sup]natural only r>ely meets u 9 ! mo/ anci5t ,buddhi/ productions1 :]e we w\ld naturally h expect$ x to h pr$om9at$1 x meets u 9 ! v e>lie/ writ+s ( ,*ri/ianity1 :]e we w\ld n h expect$ x at all4 ,*ri/ to ,8 fir/ disciples & apo/les 0 a miracul\s be+4 ,! claim =mulat$ 9 ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 :i* is probably ! late/ book 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is t advanc$ = ,*ri/ by ,/4 ,paul 9 8 e>lie/ extant lett] to ! *ur*es4 ,! ,*ri/ ( ,/4 ,john is n a new ,p]son1 b ! same ,div9e ,be+ ( :om ,/4 ,paul says1 8,he be+ 9 ! =m ( ,god0 0 8f\nd on e>? 9 fa%ion z a man40 ,he may h be5 all wrong z to ! gr\nd ( 8 belief2 he may h be5 an epileptic1 a vision>y1 a man subject to trances1 ^: int5se spiritual aff9ities disqualifi$ him f judg+ calmly ( matt]s ( hi/ory2 b !re is no mi/ake z to 8 own belief & t ( ! o!r evangeli/s & writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! tea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,john conc]n+ ,*ri/ is set =? 9 ,/4 ,mat!w ) a cle>ness :i* no language c improve ^u4#afe ,/4 ,m>k dwells prim>ily ^u ! humanity ( ,jesus1 a mo/ important fact1 pres5t+ a hi/oric basis )\t :i* ,*ri/ian tru? w\ld h be5 little m ?an a my/ic speculation2 b ev5 9 ,/4 ,m>k t humanity is n describ$ z unfold+ "u conditions :i* are m]ely normal4#aff ,! life to :i* he te/ifies is n j t ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 b ( ! ,*ri/ ( ,god1 :o speaks ) m ?an human au?ority4 ,! developm5t :i* is traceable 9 ! !ology ( ! ,epi/les is ! expansion ( ! significance ( ! ev5ts record$ 9 ! ,gospels4 ,! late/ writ+s may m fully int]pret ! tea*+ ( ! e>li] ones1 b 9 !m we f9d no o!r ,gospels1 b only ana!mas pron\nc$ on ^? :o pret5d to h !m4 ,9 !m a l>g] doma9 is se5 exp&+ b5ea? our gaze1 b x is visible only 9 ! light ( ! c5tral figure t meets u 9 ! fir/4 ,pla9ly1 !re=e1 :ile ! e>lie/ ,buddhi/ witnesses acc\nt = _! ma/] & 8 tea*+ 9 ! ord9>y ways1 & :ile _! successors mu* lat] on 9 _! attempts to embelli% 8 portrait h produc$ q a diff]5t p]son f ! man ( :om !y fir/ te/ifi$1 ! v e>lie/ ,*ri/ian writ]s c\ld n acc\nt = ,*ri/ 9 any o!r way ?an by reg>d+ ,him z a sup]natural be+1 :o did n come into ! _w & did n leave x 9 ! way ( all o!r m54 ,x is possible t !y may all h be5 delud$1 b if s1 !y v\*$ = _! s9c]ity by _! m>tyrdoms4 ,! delusion1 moreov]1 0 at lea/ univ]sally & mo/ consi/5tly ma9ta9$1 & x is ! fir/ in/ance 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d :]e a delusion has produc$ intellectual activity & expansion s wond]ful z to h *ang$ ! curr5t ( hi/ory1 & orig9at$ ! great ?robb+ ev]-enl>g+ _w ( ,*ri/5dom :i* confronts u n[4 ,ano!r significant contra/ betwe5 ! two sets ( writ+s is f\nd 9 ! fact t :ile we c dissociate ! miracul\s elem5ts f ! ,buddhi/ ,pitakas )\t detrim5t to _! o!r cont5ts1 we f9d x impossible to apply ! same process ) ! l results to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,no "o que/ions t primitive ,buddhism is improv$ by be+ fre$ f ! port5ts :i* subsequ5tly ga!r$ ar\nd x1 = primitive ,buddhism is an intellectual & moral sy/em1 a !ory ( ! univ]se m likely to be obscur$ ?an elucidat$ by an appeal to ! sup]natural4 ,*ri/ianity1 h[ev]1 :ile appeal+ bo? to intellect & consci5ce1 does s z ! revelation ( a life :i*1 z a new ?+1 might break ?r\gh all m5's conceptions ( :at 0 ord9>y or necess>y4 ,! fir/ appe>ance ( life on ?is planet z an unwont$ ph5om5on w\ld be accompani$ by manife/ations miracul\s to all :o only judg$ by exp]i5ce ( :at _h already be54 ,s w\ld be ! fir/ appe>ance ( man to ^? :o judg$ ( ?+s by :at 0 possible to ! actual animal _w4 ,t ! manife/ation ( ,"o :o _h come t m5 might h life1 & h x m abundantly1 %\ld be accompani$ ) ph5om5a new & /range to mank9d might h be5 expect$4 ,*ri/1 z reveal+ an ideal ( excell5ce to :i* ?+s z !y are 9 nature1 & m5 z !y n[ are 9 society1 d n con=m1 w 9 tru? contradict ! pres5t work+ ( bo?4 ,?is at lea/ is ! impression inevitably produc$ by ! read+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,its tea*+ is ?r\gh\t f\nd$ ^u1 & x w\ld be q un9telligible )\t ref]5ce to1 ! sup]natural4 ,to dissociate ! miracul\s portions f ! re/ ( its cont5ts w\ld be n only to mutilate b to de/roy x4#afg ,n ! !ological & metaphysical elem5ts only1 b ev5 8! e?ical1 are s int]wov5 into "o fibre ) ! sup]natural 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t t x is impossible to deta* !m )\t de/roy+ ! :ole fabric40#afh ,v]ily a ,gospel )\t ! miracles & all t acc\nts = !m w\ld be a v /range book4 ,ano!r v di/9ctive feature 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t acc\nts is display$ 9 ! "* ( ! wond]s !re record$4 ,inde$1 ?is di/+ui%+ elem5t is f\nd 9 all ! miracul\s n>ratives ( ! ,bible4 ,if x be true t ! anci5t writ]s or r$actors ( ,scripture h employ$ ! leg5ds ( o!r nations to illu/rate _! works1 x mu/ be conc$$ t !y h imm5sely improv$1 & made a mu* bett] use ( !m4 ,! /ory ( ! creation ( ! _w1 ( ! primeval p>adise1 & ( ! deluge1 may be only my?s common to sev]al nations1 b someh[1 :ile all o!r writ]s j lose !mselves 9 ^! my?s1 ! ,hebrews alone h laid hold ( !m to en=ce ! sublime/ views ev] =mulat$ 9 human spee* conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ! _w & ( man4 ,! n>ratives ( ! ,old ,te/am5t are evid5tly n con/ruct$ to />tle ! read] ) port5ts1 b to disclose ! provid5tial deal+s ( a holy & m]ciful ,god ) man to enlight5 & save him4 ,! ,gospels 9 l mann] are n writt5 to record miracul\s occurr5ces1 nor are miracles introduc$ to glorify ,*ri/3 !y are simply ref]r$ to z incid5ts 9 ,8 m9i/ry4 ,:5 we comp>e ! prodigies ascrib$ to ,buddha dur+ ! _m *anges ( 8 pre-exi/5ce1 or dur+ 8 m9i/ry1 ) ! miracles ( ! ,gospels1 !y are l ! r\gh ca/s 9 clay or wood made by a rude or *ildi% p contra/$ ) ! p]fect productions ( nature 9 ! _w ( animals or ( m54 ,!y may endure comp>ison ) ! port5ts f\nd 9 ! ,apocryphal books1 or 9 ! ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts1 b plac$ side by side ) ! ,gospel miracles !y s]ve only to illu/rate ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at is artificial & grotesque1 & :at is orig9al & natural4 ,!re is a m>k$ sobriety 9 ! ,gospel acc\nts totally lack+ 9 ! ,buddhi/ leg5ds4 ,! latt] s]ve no o!r end b to exalt & magnify ,buddha1#afi b ! ,gospel miracles are all f\nd$ 9 "s great human necessity :i* !y are int5d$ to supply4 ,! ,buddhi/ m>vels are simply produc$ to />tle u1 ! ,*ri/ian are record$ z signs to in/ruct u4 ,:at a gulf sep>ates ! conception ( ,buddha leap+ high 9 air amid ! s\nd+ ( ! bells ( ! heav5s & ! plaudits ( all ! gods1 j to prove t he 0 ,buddha1 f ! acc\nt ( ,*ri/'s refusal to "w a miracle to w9 ! adh]5ce ( ! cr[d1 or give ! sign f heav5 to vanqui% ,sadducean unbelief6 ,! ,gospel miracles are few aft] all1 b !y all fl[ f & are 9 h>mony ) ! orig9al idea ( ,*ri/ z ,messiah :i* is assum$ 9 all ! ,gospels4 ,! mighty works done by ,him are all su* z might be expect$ to be done 9 a _w l ?is by ! ,son ( a heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,! cure ( all mann] ( disease1 ! exorcism ( all ! evil spirits t h afflict$ humanity1 ! victory ov] dea?1 ! control ( all ! =ces ( nature1 7 all 9 ! scope ( "o :o came hi!r to e/abli% ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,*ri/'s miracles 7 all signs ( man's pres5t & prophecies ( 8 future relations to all ! evils t afflict him4 ,!y all rem9d u ( ! ,div9e orig9al ideal t man1 p]fectly ob$i5t to ,god1 mu/ ex]cise dom9ion ov] ,8 creatures 9 ?is _w4 ,man's pres5t antagonism to nature1 & ! disord] se5 9 8 own social relations1 are alike due to 8 refusal to m]ge 8 w 9 ,god's1 & ! miracles ( our ,savi\r are all prophecies t :5 ?r\gh ob$i5ce to or fai? 9 ,god he %all be re/or$ to hol9ess1 he w f9d 8 social & ext]nal relations improv$1 & w rega9 ov] nature t spiritual au?ority :i* ev5 already ! w9ds & ! waves 9 "p recognise & obey4#agj ,aga91 ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s claim = ,*ri/ :at ! e>ly disciples ( ,buddha nev] dream$ ( claim+ = _! ma/]1 & !y insi/ ^u _! claim1 ?\gh x is associat$ ) ! meane/ & app>5tly mo/ contradictory ( elem5ts4 ,x is n ! glorification b ! humiliation ( ,*ri/ :i* con/itutes ! m>vel 9 ! ,gospels4 ,x 0 v natural t ! ,evangeli/s %\ld imag9e t ! angels %\ld s+ ov] ! bir? ( a ,savi\r1 b x 0 n natural t !y %\ld conceive ( !m s++ ov] a babe 9 a mang]4 ,x 0 n wond]ful1 aga91 = ,jews to believe t ! com+ ( _! ,messiah 0 div9ely ann\nc$1 b x is v wond]ful t !y %\ld believe t ?is annunciation 0 made to unkn[n %eph]ds4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly n 9 t way _! ,messiah 0 expect$ to come4 ,_h ,he come 9 ! way !y expect$1 ! miracles might naturally h be5 acc\nt$ = :i* !y associat$ ) ,8 com+2 b1 z matt] ( fact1 x requires ! miracle to acc\nt = _! belief 9 ,him4 ,& s x is all ?r\gh 9 ! ,gospels4 ,t ! ,messiah %\ld be discov]$ to be ! ,son ( ,god ne$ n surprise u1 b t ! ,son ( ,god %\ld be recognis$ by ,jews 9 ! =m ( a s]vant1 endur+ pati5tly ! contradiction ( s9n]s1 submitt+ to trial1 to torture1 to dea? on ! cross1 is "o ( ! greate/ m>vels 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( religion4 ,?is comb9ation ( glory & %ame 0 a difficulty 9 ! way ( fai?1 n a help or support ( x4 ,! claim1 we mu/ rememb]1 0 n advanc$ = ,*ri/ by ! ,evangeli/s aft] ,he di$2 x 0 =mulat$ by ,himself1 & by ,him x 0 ass]t$ m conspicu\sly1 & ) great] frequ5cy & emphasis t[>d ! close ( ,8 e>?ly life4 ,x 0 ! only *>ge on :i* ,he 0 condemn$2 all o!r accusations br\ght aga9/ ,him broke d[n2 b ?is "o ,he admitt$--t ,he call$ ,himself ! ,son ( ,god4 ,que/ion$ ^u x1 ,he w\ld n retract4 8,?\ saye/10 0 all ,8 reply1 & = ! say+ ,he 0 ord]$ to ! cross4 ,yet ^u ! cross ,8 ass]tion 0 /r5g!n$4 ,_h ,he be5 a pret5d]1 ,he w\ld nev] h s comport$ ,himself be=e ,pilate & ,h]od2 _h ,he be5 self-delud$1 ,he nev] w\ld h said to ,8 fell[-suff]] on ,calv>y3 8,to-day %alt ?\ be ) me 9 p>adise40 ,! torture ( crucifixion 0 suffici5t to expel ! halluc9ations ( ! madde/ bra91 b ! ,evangeli/s %[ t :ile fai? 9 ,8 ,messiah%ip 01 dur+ ,8 crucifixion1 fad+ ev5 f ,8 disciples1 9 ,himself x 0 /rong] ?an ev]1 & at ! v la/ x 0 communicat$ to a dy+ robb]1 :o tru/$ t ,he _h p[] to absolve him1 & to op5 to him ! gates ( a bett] life4 ,n[1 all ?is surely nev] c\ld naturally h occurr$ to ,jewi% m5 to conceive1 & if _! records be only fictions1 ! dev\t creations ( ov] fond imag9ations1 !n _! leg5ds are miracles !mselves4 ,"s "o has said t x is possible to f9d 9 ! ,buddhi/ books a p>allel to e incid5t 9 ! ,gospels2 if s1 ^! p>allels w be f\nd to be v f> ap>t2 b to ! incid5t ( ! ,crucifixion !re c be no p>allel4 ,t "o hi/orical ev5t sep>ates n only ! two sy/ems ( ?\ght & belief1 b m>ks (f ,*ri/ianity f all o!r religions 9 ! _w4 ,till ! crucifixion ( ,jesus 0 accompli%$1 ! idea ( associat+ ) ,deity humiliation1 & ( conceiv+ ( ,god z dy+ ! dea? ( a slave ^u ! cross1 w\ld h be5 reg>d$ z ! grosse/ impiety4 ,! fundam5tal idea ( ! ,inc>nation 0 n :olly =eign to ! m9d ei!r ( ,india or ( ,greece2 to ! ,jew x 0 n a natural ?\ght1 b "o s anti-,semitic t ,jew & ,moslem alike h reject$ ,*ri/ianity because ( x2#aga b ! inc>nation ( ,deity repres5t$ 9 ! ,gospels1 ! humiliation ( ! ,godhead impli$ 9 ! ,crucifixion1 is an idea :i* nev] c\ld h orig9at$ 9 ! m9d ( ei!r ,g5tile or ,jew4 ,x is "o ( ! ?+s ( ,god :i* ! natural man _c conceive1 a my/]y hid f all ages until x 0 reveal$1 & app>5tly1 unless we admit ! reality ( ! revelation1 we nev] c acc\nt = ! fai?4 ,! miracul\s p]sonality ( ,*ri/ is ?us ! out/&+ & di/9ctive feature ( ! ,*ri/ian writ+s4 ,z ! mi/s cle> away 9 ! ,ea/1 ,buddha em]ges m & m 9 ! /ature ( a good & great man1 b ,*ri/ rises ^u u z "o :o _c be acc\nt$ = accord+ to ! measure ( any man1 nor ev5 t ( an angel4 ,x is n z a tea*]1 a guide out ( ! difficulties ( life1 t ,he meets u1 b z a ,reveal] & ,savi\r4 ,x is ?us ,he has be5 accept$ by ,8 disciples1 & ^u _! fai? ,he has re>$ ,8 ,*ur*4 ,x is ?us ,he conceiv$ ( ,himself1 & ,8 conception is n m a/\nd+ ?an are ! simplicity & l[l9ess & meekness ( ,8 "*4 ,he is ,himself ?us ! miracle ( miracles1 :olly inexplicable on any human !ory devis$ to acc\nt = ,him2 & till t "o miracle is solv$1 all que/ions z to ! miracles :i* are ascrib$ to ,him c af=d to wait = _! solution4 ,we h no desire to exagg]ate ! value ( ! miracul\s elem5ts 9 ,*ri/ianity1 b x does n appe> to be true wisdom t w\ld depreciate !m or ignore !m altoge!r4 ,miracles by _m h be5 wrongly consid]$1 & !y h be5 (t5 exp\nd$ by ! advocates ( ,*ri/ianity 9 su* a way z to create in/ead ( remov+ difficulties connect$ ) ! fai?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m :o reject or refuse to consid] !m seem afflict$ by a k9d ( m5tal semeiophobia :i* 9 its own way may be z dang]\s an affliction z hydrophobia is4 ,! prop] way is to consid] !m 9 relation to ! nature & purpose ( ! ,revelation ) :i* !y are associat$4 ,! miracle may sometimes be f\nd only 9 ! =m ( ! n>rative1 z a hi]oglyph ^: purpose we are too lazy to se>* =1 ^: mean+ we are too /upid to elucidate4 ,! !ory t miracles are only figurative expressions ( spiritual tru? is n true1 z x is g5]ally exp\nd$2 b x has a tru? 9 x :i* mu/ nev] be ov]look$4 ,e miracle is a p>able1 & e p>able is a miracle4 ,x is ! spiritual reality reveal$ by bo? :i* gives !m value1 & n ! wond] 9 !m by :i* we are at fir/ arre/$4 ,yet )\t ! wond] to arre/ u we might nev] h receiv$ ! revelation4 8,:at did ! apo/le mean10 asks ,rob]t ,elsm]e1#agb 8by dea? to s9 & self8 :at ! precise idea atta*$ by him to be+ ris5 ) ,*ri/8 ,are ?is dea? & resurrection necess>ily dep5d5t ^u c]ta9 alleg$ hi/orical ev5ts1 or are !y n prim>ily1 & 7 !re n1 ev5 9 ,paul's m9d1 two aspects ( a spiritual process p]petually re-enact$ 9 ! s\l ( man1 & con/itut+ ! v]itable revelation ( ,god8 ,:i* is ! /able & la/+ witness ( ! ,fa!r8 ! spiritual hi/ory ( ! individual & ( ! _w1 or ! envelope ( miracle to :i* hi!rto mank9d has atta*$ su* importance80 ,! envelope c]ta9ly w\ld be z wor?less )\t ! message :i* x c>ries z a husk f :i* ! k]nel has dropp$4 ,w\ld ,/4 ,paul1 h[ev]1 ev] h conceiv$ ! spiritual tru?s ref]r$ to1 if !y _h n be5 sugge/$ by hi/orical facts8 ,c\ld he ev] h conceiv$ ( a dea? to s9 _h ! _w nev] witness$ ! dea? ( ! ,holy ,*ri/ ^u ! cross8 ,c\ld he ev] h dream$ ( ris+ aga9 9 ! p[] ( a new life if ! tomb 9 ! g>d5 nigh ,golgo?a _h nev] be5 f\nd empty ( its crucifi$ occupant8 ,is he n j sugge/+ ! significance ( v exceptional hi/orical ev5ts8 ,he may be wrong 9 8 int]pretation1 b !re c be no mi/ake t ! int]pretation is f\nd$ ^u ! hi/ory1 t x 0 ! ev5t :i* orig9at$ 8 !ory1 & n 8 !ory t produc$ ! /ory ( ! ev5t4 ,*ri/ian !ology1 in/ead ( giv+ ?is miracul\s "* to ! tragic /ory ( ! life & dea? ( ,*ri/1 has be5 call$ into exi/5ce by man's endeav\rs to acc\nt = x z a fact n only m>vell\s1 b simply unique 9 ! exp]i5ce ( mank9d4 ,x is n likely t ! miracul\s elem5ts 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion w be f\nd to be 8! produce ( its primitive !ology1 :i* w fade out ( ! conception ( m5 z !ology advances & becomes purifi$40 ,! demon/ration ( ?is mu/ n be assum$ to be complete because ! miracul\s is also f\nd 9 o!r religions4 ,we mu/ be able to acc\nt = x 9 all ( !m4 ,x is1 inde$1 ! natural t5d5cy ( humanity to magnify & ev5tually to deify its h]oes1 to embelli% _! c>e]s ) simil> m>vels1 to apply to !m figurative language v liable to be misund]/ood1 :i* 9 lat] g5]ations h>d5s into errone\s beliefs4 ,t ,*ri/ians z well z ,buddhi/s h done s is suffici5tly atte/$ by ! apocryphal ,gospels1 b we mu/ n conclude t because !re are s _m fictiti\s & c\nt]feit wond]s 9 curr5cy !re c be no real miracles4 ,we mu/ exam9e ea* religion on its m]its1 & its miracul\s elem5ts 9 ! light ( _! purpose & ( _! actual g5esis2 & if we d s 9 ! case ( ,*ri/ianity1 we w probably discov] ! "o sup]natural reality f :i* ! %ad[s 9 all o!r religions are reflect$1 & to :i* !y all po9t4#agc ,dr4 ,rhys ,davids1 9 ! ,hibb]t ,lectures1 in=ms u t ! e>ly ,buddhi/ conception ( ,gotama 0 dom9at$ & trans=m$ by two ideals1 nei!r ( :i* _h any necess>y connection ) ! man himself4 ,"o ( !m1 due to political exp]i5ce1 made him f9ally assume 9 ! popul> imag9ation ! (fice ( a ,univ]sal ,k+2 :ile ! o!r1 due to philosophic speculation1 inve/$ him ) ! attribute ( ,p]fect ,wisdom4 ,! impli$ p>allel betwe5 ?is conception1 col\r$ z x grew by ! sun my?s :i* x incorporat$1 & ! ,*ri/ian conception ( ,jesus1 sugge/$ by ! titles ,k+ ( ,glory & ,div9e ,^w1 is obvi\s to ev]ybody4 ,yet exam9ation ( ! suppos$ simil>ities only reveals ess5tial contra/s betwe5 ! two sets ( beliefs4 ,! political exp]i5ces 9 ,india :i* are ref]r$ to occurr$ ab\t two c5turies aft] ! dea? ( ,buddha4 ,! victories ( ,*&ragupta1 result+ 9 ! consolidation ( a k+dom su* z ,indians _h nev] be=e witness$1 comb9$ ) 8 patronage ( ! ,buddhi/ monks1 may h sugge/$ ! idea ( ! univ]sal mon>*4 8,8 a*ievem5ts recall$ ! ne>ly =gott5 poetry ( ! ,v$ic leg5ds1 :ile ! new & popul> e?ics ( ,buddha inve/$ him ) a righte\sness :i* made him a wor?y ,"l ( ! ,f\r ,qu>t]s 7( ! ,globe740 ,s 9 "o ( ! ,suttas1 said to be e>ly1 & :i* may h be5 assum+ %ape at ?is "t1 words l ^! are put 9 ! m\? ( ,buddha3--8,i am a k+1 ,o ,sela1 an incomp>able1 religi\s k+2 ) ju/ice ,i roll ! :eel1 ! :eel t is irresi/ible40#agd ,) ?is conception ( ,cakka-vatti1 a glori\s k+1 0 connect$1 av]s ,dr4 ,rhys ,davids1 t ( an age 9 :i* pl5ty & peace 7 to ab\nd z ! fruits ( righte\sness4#age ,! idea ( a gold5 age is common to mo/ religions1 & z ! ,we/]n ,aryans always pres]v$ x1 we may conclude t ! bran* :i* rea*$ ,india c>ri$ x ?i!r ) !m4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 z ! belief 9 transmigration took possession ( !m1 !y seem to h lo/ x4 ,_! book ( ! g5]ations ( man did n m\nt high] ?an ! ,fall2 exi/5ce 0 ess5tially evil 9 _! ?\ght1 & belief 9 a gold5 age on e>?1 ei!r 9 ! pa/ or 9 ! future1 0 q inconsi/5t ) ! cre$ :i* ,buddhi/s inh]it$ or creat$4 ,! o!r bran* ( ! ,aryan /ock s *]i%$ x t x adorns _! mo/ beautiful my?ologies2 b ev5 ) !m ! gold5 age 0 always plac$ 9 ! pa/1 & ! _w1 fall5 f good1 0 suppos$ to be deg5]at+ f bad to worse4 ,& s x is t ! fonde/ glances ( ev5 ! happy ,greek are n =w>d b backw>d ca/1 & t sadness m+les ) 8 mo/ mir?ful music4 ,x is possible at lea/ t *anges s fav\rable to ! =tunes ( ! new religion1 & ! social re=ms :i* foll[$ its ext5sion1 may h awak5$ 9 ! pi\s ! memories ( old ,v$ic fai?2 & t ! victories ( ,*&ragupta may h sugge/$ to ! au?ors ( ! ,suttas ! idea ( ! inv9cible ,buddha advanc+ ?r\gh ! ages1 z ! *>iot-:eel ( ! sun disp]ses ! cl\ds 9 ! heav5s4 ,x is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t nei!r ,buddha nor 8 e>lie/ disciples ev] dream$ ( apply+ ! title ( ,cakka-vatti to or ( associat+ ! promise ( a bett] "t ) himself4 ,to old ,v$ic fai? z support+ 8 tea*+ or pr$ict+ 8 mission he nev] appeal$2 he ignor$ all previ\s tea*+3 & inde$ 9 anci5t ,indian tea*+1 un9spir$ by ei!r promise or hope1 !re is no?+ prophetic4 ,9 ! case ( ,*ri/ianity x is q ! contr>y4 ,! conception ( ! ,messiah z ! righte\s & glori\s ,k+1 "u ^: reign all ! _w w\ld be bless$1 0 n sugge/$ by political exp]i5ce two c5turies aft] ! dawn ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 =mulat$ & pr$ict$ _m c5turies be=e ! com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,! ,hebrew1 l ! ,aryan1 nev] lo/ ! memory ( a happy pa/1 b1 unlike ! ,aryan1 he plac$ 8 p>adise n only 9 ! pa/ b 9 ! future4 ,) f> ri*] mat]ials at 8 comm& ?an ! ,aryan seems to h possess$ = pa9t+ a vani%$ gold5 age1 ! ,hebrew poets made v sp>+ use ( !m4 ,a few p>agraphs exhau/ all !y h to say z to ! traditions ( a p>adise t _h be5 lo/1 b _! :ole ,bible is full ( ! hope ( ! good "t :i* is com+ to all ! _w4 ,?is hope1 c5tr$ z x 0 9 _! ,messiah1 ,*ri/ianity f ! v fir/ took up & promis$ to fulfil4 ,! m9i/ry ( ,jesus 0 sc>cely begun be=e x 0 associat$ ) ,him4 ,among ! fir/ que/ions ask$ conc]n+ ,him 01 8,is n ?is ,messias80 ,among ! e>lie/ decl>ations made 01 8,we h f\nd ! ,messias40 ,v soon 9 ,8 c>e] ,he confess$1 8,i t speak unto !e am ,he60 ,! ,gospels & ,epi/les w\ld be un9telligible )\t ?is p]petual ref]5ce to ,messianic pr$iction2 x is ! gold5 ?read :i* runs ?r\gh all ! ,old ,te/am5t & unites x ) ! ,new4 ,9 its ,messianic hope1 ,old ,te/am5t prophecy rea*$ its highe/ & pure/ developm5t1 & ! ,new ,te/am5t claims t 9 ,*ri/ x is f9d+ its fulfilm5t4 ,x may be alleg$ ( c\rse t ! prophecy & ! claim are alike delusions1 b ! prophecy at lea/ 0 a fact1 & its application to ,*ri/ 0 no leg5d>y gr[? ( a lat] g5]ation1 b ! orig9al & ess5tial te/imony ( ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian tea*]s4 ,! o!r conception ( ,p]fect ,wisdom repres5t$ by ,buddha ! ,awak5$ or ,enlight5$ ,"o is also confess$ly an aft]gr[?4 ,! e>lie/ traces :i* we h ( ,gotama aft] 8 dea? disclose him z a man :o ga9$ 8 k by sev]e /ruggle1 & :o !re=e1 9 ! e/imation ( 8 foll[]s1 0 a 8,j9a0 or conqu]or4 ,z "t w5t on1 & 8 memory rose 9 ! e/imation ( lat] g5]ations1 ! fai?ful1 guid$ by _! belief 9 transmigration1 project$ ?is /ruggle = ,buddhahood fur!r & fur!r into =m] /ages ( exi/5ce1 till at la/ ! idea 0 conceiv$ t he 0 only "o ( a long s]ies ( ,buddhas1 ( :om he 0 n to be ! la/4 ,! developm5t ( ?is int]e/+ speculation1 ) its di/9ctions into ,buddhas :o only save !mselves--,paccekabuddhas--& ! ,sammsambuddhas1 :o appe> at v r>e int]vals1 able & will+ to save to ! utt]mo/1 ne$ n "h be trac$4 ,x is suffici5t to note h[ unlike & contradictory is ?is belief to t :i* dom9ates 9 our religion4 ,9 ,*ri/ we h ! only ,messiah1 & ,he1 hav+ once come1 we d n look = ano!r4 ,! hope ( ! ,*ri/ian is fix$ ^u ,8 com+ aga9 9 glory2 b x is ! com+ aga9 ( ! same ,jesus4 ,! unity ( ,deity col\rs & p]vades all our ?\ghts ( ,div9e communications ) mank9d2 8!re is "o ,god1 & "o ,m$iator betwe5 ,god & man40 ,consequ5tly ! doctr9e ( ! ,div9e ,^w =mulat$ 9 connection ) ,*ri/ 9 ,/4 ,john's ,gospel repres5ts a v diff]5t set ( ideas f ! conception ( ,buddha z ! ,p]fect ,wisdom1 to :om all worlds & all times 7 op54 ,t conception ( ,buddha 0 probably an incorporation into ! ,buddhi/ cre$ f =eign s\rces1 b ! idea ( ,*ri/ z ! ,son1 8unto :om all ?+s h be5 deliv]$ by ! ,fa!r10 s t 8no "o kn[e? ! ,son save ! ,fa!r1 nei!r do? any "k ! ,fa!r save ! ,son1 & he to :omsoev] ! ,son wille? to reveal ,him10 0 a common "o among ! v e>lie/ ,*ri/ians ( :om we h any trace4 ,/4 ,mat!w1 ,/4 ,m>k1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4 ,luke all prea* ,*ri/1 8unto :om has be5 committ$ all k & judgm5t10 8:o is be=e all ?+s1 & 9 :om all ?+s consi/10 8! image ( ! invisible ,god1 9 :om x pleas$ ! ,fa!r t all fulness %\ld dwell40#agf ,& s x is n 9 ! late/ ,gospel b 9 ! e>lie/ ,scriptures t we h ! fir/ indications ( ?is doctr9e z ,*ri/ ! ,^w1 ?\gh 9 ! late/1 z we might expect1 x is m cle>ly =mulat$ & m fully exp\nd$4 ,writt5 aft] ! fall ( ,j]usalem1 ! de/ruction ( ! anci5t ,*ur*1 & ! recognition ( ! ,g5tiles z fell[-heirs1 by "o :o 0 q consci\s ( ! new intellectual position :i* ,*ri/ianity occupi$ 9 relation to ! speculations ( ,syria & ,egypt1 & ( ! dang]s :i* !reby accru$ to ! fai?1 its au?or took up a t]m v curr5t at ! "t 9 !osophic & metaphysical writ+s1 & specially ^? ( ,philo1 to set =? ! tru? ( ! ,life ^: manife/ation he _h witness$4 ,t ,/4 ,john did n borr[ ! t]m f ,philo is evid5t f ! v diff]5t use :i* he has made ( x1 & ! v diff]5t purpose :i* he _h 9 view4 ,by x ,philo express$ ! conception ( ,div9e intellig5ce 9 ! ab/ract1 :ile ,/4 ,john employ$ x to sugge/ ! concrete idea ( ,god's p]sonal action4 ,bo? f\nd x 9 ! ,septuag9t & ! ,hebrew traditional lore2#agg b :ile ,philo gave x a ,greek1 ,/4 ,john adh]$ to its ,hebrew significance4 ,! fir/ *apt] ( ,/4 ,john comp>$ ) a page ( ,philo#agh w reveal at once ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m1 & conv9ce u t ! tea*+ ( ,philo conc]n+ ! ,logos leads fur!r & fur!r away f ! idea ( ! inc>nation :i* is ! f\ndation-tru? ( ! tea*+ ( ,/4 ,john4 ,8 doctr9e w\ld be q un9telligible z an application or cont9uation ( ! doctr9e ( ,philo1 b x is intelligible & consi/5t z ! f9al co-ord9ation ( tru?s conc]n+ ! ,div9e ,be+ disclos$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t view$ by a man ^: antec$5ts & modes ( ?\ght 7 v diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,alex&rian sage4#agi ,! ideas sugge/$ by ! 8,angel ( ! ,pres5ce0 9 ! hi/oric & prophetic books1 by ! 8,^w ( ! ,"l0 9 ! ,psalms1 & by 8,wisdom0 9 ! ,books ( ,wisdom1 indicate ! rays :i* conv]ge 9 ,/4 ,john's doctr9e ( ! ,*ri/4 ,z "o :o t>ri$ long aft] ! fir/ g5]ation ( ,*ri/ians _h gone to _! re/1 z "o :o _h n only pond]$ long]1 & 9 deep] sil5ce1 ! ,life he _h se5 manife/$1 b :o _h f\nd its int]pretation 9 su* provid5ces z ! spread+ ( ! ,*ur*es & ! de/ruction ( ! ,/ate1 he 0 abl] to meet ! necessities ( a wid] age1 by sett+ ! tru? 9 r\nd] =m & cle>] light2 b :ile he exp&s & exp\nds ! tea*+ ( ! fir/ g5]ation1 he adds & introduces n a s+le elem5t4 ,8 te/imony is id5tical ) t proclaim$ at ! ,resurrection1 t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? is ! ,*ri/1 & t ,*ri/ is ! only begott5 ,son ( ,god4 ,x is n z "o :o has acquir$ tru? by long /ruggle1 n z "o :o has f\ght or =c$ ,8 way to light1 t ,*ri/ pres5ts ,himself 9 ! ,gospels1 b z "o :o c say3 8,i am ! way1 ! tru?1 ! life10 8! light ( ! _w40 ,yet along ) ?is /up5d\s dem& ^u ! fai? ( humanity !re is a humility & simplicity undiscov]able 9 ! ,buddha ( ! ,pitakas4 ,self-consci\sness1 self-reliance1 self-culture--^! are ! phrases mo/ sugge/ive ( ! sy/em & ( ! life ( ! great ,indian sage1 :ile n self-abasem5t1 b self-oblivion1 *>act]ises ! tea*+ & life ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,id5tity ) ! ,highe/1 manife/$ by absolute surr5d] to ,him1 is ! ess5ce ( ! ,revelation ( ,*ri/4 ,always is ! ,fa!r confess$ to be ! s\rce ( all grace & tru?1 & if ! ,son asks to be glorifi$1 x is t ! ,fa!r may be glorifi$ 9 ,him4 ,we are c]ta9ly n contemplat+ simil>ities :5 we look at ! ,buddha ( ! ,suttas & ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,gospels1 b contra/s m widely sep>at$ ?an ! s\l is f ! body4 ,9 ,buddha we h a hi/orical p]sonage1 :o c be ?or\ghly acc\nt$ = z ! product & outgr[? ( 8 pa/1 & ( 8 environm5t2 9 ,*ri/ we h "o :om no philosophy ( hi/ory has ev] expla9$4 ,alone & unapproa*able1 ,he meets u z "o :o is really human1 because ,he has become man1 "o :o has aris5 among m5 to save !m1 b because ,he has come ?r\gh & to !m4 ,he is n j "o ( ! _m1 a son ( m51 ! product ( a div9ely-tra9$ humanity1 b ! ,son ( ,man1 :o z ,son ( ,god1 inc>nat$ 9 ! nature ( all m51 has become ! ,head & ,creator ( a new humanity4 ,correct1 improve1 embelli% z we may1 ! portrait left u ( ! g5tle tea*] ( ,magadha1 we nev] c lift him up to t level :i* w\ld ju/ify 8 be+ wor%ipp$ or be+ address$1 z ,jesus ( ,naz>e? has be5 by ! cons5sus ( all ! ,*ri/ian ages1 8,?\ art ! ,k+ ( ,glory1 ,o ,*ri/4 ,?\ art ! ev]la/+ ,son ( ! ,fa!r40 ,footnote #abj3 ,e4g4 ,s9ai ,hag> 7,gal4 iv4 #bd-ca72 also ,claudius 7#b ,!ss4 ii4 #f1 #g72 ,hausra?1 ,life & ,times ( ,jesus1 vol4 i4 p4 #gg4 ,footnote #aba3 ,d]5b\rg1 ,hi/4 de la ,pale/9e d'aprs les ,talmuds1 pp4 #aei1 #bjb4 ,footnote #abb3 ,wellhaus51 ,! ,ph>isees & ,sadducees1 pp4 #h1 #bf-dc2 ,greifswald1 #ahgd4 ,footnote #abc3 ,jos4 ,antiq4 xiii4 #e4 #i1 xv4 #aj4 #d1 #e2 ,bell4 ,jud4 ii4 #h4 #b1 #ad4 ,footnote #abd3 ,keim1 ,jesus ( ,naz>a1 vol4 i4 p4 #cib4 ,footnote #abe3 ,delitzs*1 ,jesus & ,hillel1 pp4 #ca seq42 ,pirk ,ab?1 ,cambridge1 #ahgg1 passim4 ,footnote #abf3 ,jos4 ,antiq4 xvii4 #d4 ,footnote #abg3 ,philo1 ,quod omnis ,probus ,lib]1 p4 #ab4 ,footnote #abh3 ,bhl]1 ,ind4 ,ant4 vol4 vii4 p4 #adc2 ,jacobi1 8,mahvira & 8 ,pr$ecessors10 ,ind4 ,ant4 vol4 viii4 pp4 #caa-cad2 ,k]n1 ,hi/ory ( ,buddhism 9 ,india1 vol4 i4 p4 #adc2 ,colebrooke's ,essays1 vol4 i4 p4 #chj4 ,footnote #abi3 ,see 8,ja9ism10 by ,dr4 ,%oolbr$--,report ( ! ,mission>y ,conf]5ce1 #ahhh1 vol4 i4 p4 #da2 ,wilson's ,essays1 vol4 i4 p4 #dbg seq4 ,footnote #acj3 8,sramana10 9 ,brahman spee*1 0 a man :o p]=m$ h>d p5ances1 f sram1 to "w h>d4 ,!re is ano!r ,sanscrit root1 sam1 to quiet1 & f x aft]w>ds ! popul> etymology d]iv$ ! ^w4 ,see ,pr(essor ,max ,mll]'s translation ( ! ,dhammapada 9 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 p4 #fe note4 ,footnote #aca3 ,!re seems to h be5 f\r great divisions ( ,sramanas1 ) z _m z sixty-?ree philosophical sy/ems repres5t$ by !m4 ,! ,brahmanas 7 also simil>ly divid$4 ,see ,sutta ,nipta1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 ,"p ii4 pp4 #ae1 #af1 #hh1 #ic4 ,footnote #acb3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 p4 #ga4 ,footnote #acc3 ,see ,ye>-,book ( ,prote/ant ,!ology = #ahhc = an acc\nt ( ! views ( ,pr(essor ,loman ( ,am/]dam4 ,footnote #acd3 ,m4 ,s5>t1 ,leg5d ( ,buddha1 ,p>is1 #ahge2 ,k]n1 ,hi/ory ( ,buddhism 9 ,india3 ,s*oebel4 ,buddh4 ,actes de la ,soc4 ,philol42 ,p>is1 #ahgd1 vol iv4 pp4 #afj seq4 ,footnote #ace3 ,annual ,report ( ! ,asiatic ,society2 ,p>is1 ,july #ahge4 ,footnote #acf3 ,cunn+ham1 ,anci5t ,geog4 ( ,india1 vol4 i4 p4 #adg2 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 p4 #ie2 ,beal1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 p4 #fg4 ,footnote #acg3 8,mra eat le dmon de l'am\r1 du p* et de la mort10 says ,burn\f 9 8 ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,indian ,buddism1 p4 #gf2 see also ,sutta ,nipta1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 ,"p ii4 p4 #aei1 = ! popul> conception ( ,buddha's temptation2 ! arr[s ( ,mra are 8fl[]-po9t$10 l ,kama's1 ! ,h9du god ( love4 ,see ,dhammapada1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 ,"p i4 p4 #ag4 ,footnote #ach3 ,geikie1 ,life ( ,*ri/1 vol4 i4 p4 #ddi4 ,footnote #aci3 ,mahavagga1 i4 #e4 #b2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xvii4 ,footnote #adj3 ,?is is n ! place to discuss ! sub/ance ( _! respective tea*+s4 ,_! aims seem$ to be simil>1 = bo? proclaim$ fre$om to be ga9$ by ! ,tru?1 or sav+ k1 b _! conceptions ( ! k t saves are z widely contra/$ z are _! ideas ( salvation4 ,if we put ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt side by side ) ,buddha's fir/ s]mon 7translat$ 9 vol4 xi4 p4 #adf ( ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/7 we f9d contradiction 9 almo/ e s5t5ce4 8,bless$ are ! poor 9 _s0 is an utt]ance n only =eign to b 9 direct anti!sis to ! prea*+ ( ,buddha4 ,he has no sympa?y ) ! 8poor 9 _s10 if we take ! phrase 9 ! light ( ! old ,hebrew concept ( x4 ,8 b5$iction is res]v$ = ! self-consci\s & self-reliant1 :o are b5t ^u self-culture & self-developm5t4 8,?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t1 etc41 & ?y neighb\r z ?yself40 ,buddha f\nd no high] to adore1 & no o!r ?an self to consid]4 ,! moral precepts 9 8 law are bas$ on no appeal to consci5ce1 & are inspir$ by no s5se ( duty4 ,o!rs 7 reg>d$ z ! occasion = w9n+ m]it1 & k9dness done to !m 0 n done = _! sake1 b ) ! view ( secur+ ! safety ( ! do]4 ,footnote #ada3 ,dr4 ,old5b]g 7,buddha1 etc41 p4 #adh7 v prop]ly rem>ks t ,ambapali ! c\rtesan 0 no ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & t %e 0 n reg>d$ by ,buddha z ! woman t 0 a s9n] 0 reg>d$ by ,*ri/4 ,buddha _h n ,*ri/'s horror ( s91 & !re=e felt none ( ,8 b\ndless pity = ! frailty ( its victims2 ( hatr$ ( s9 9 ! ,*ri/ian s5se ,buddhism kn[s no?+4 ,its highe/ virtue is imp]turbability1 a s]5ity t is apa!tic 9 reg>d to ! mo/ outrage\s wrong or ! mo/ he9\s wick$ness4 ,c>iya ,pitaka1 iii4 #ae2 also ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 ,"p ii4 p4 #aea4 ,footnote #adb3 ,bi%op ,big&et1 ,life ( ,gaudama1 p4 #bhg2 ,pr(essor ,h4 ,wilson1 ,essays1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bdc2 ,:eel]1 ,hi/ory ( ,india1 vol4 iii4 p4 #aci2 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 p4 #adh2 ,mahp>anibhna ,sutta1 9 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 pp4 #ga1 #gb4 ,footnote #adc3 ,mahp>anibhna ,sutta1 vi4 #aj1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 p4 #aad4 ,dr4 ,edk9s1 9 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 p4 #eg1 gives a v]sion ( an appe>ance ( ,buddha aft] cremation to 8 "m1 ,mya1 :o came d[n f heav5 to see 8 c(f94 ,pr(essor ,*ild]s f9ds no trace 9 any ,pali e>lie/ lit]ature ( any belief 9 ,buddha's exi/5ce aft] dea? 7,diction>y ( ,pali ,language1 p4 #dgb1 note #a74 ,footnote #add3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 pp4 #cbb1 #cbc2 ,ku551 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #bfd4 ,footnote #ade3 ,9 ! ,bhagavadgit lov+ devotion = ,kri%na is dem&$ z ! only means ( salvation2 b ,kri%na-wor%ip began v consid]ably lat] ?an ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,pr(essor ,mll] admits 7,gif=d ,lectures1 p4 #ii7 t ,*ri/ian influ5ces 7 possible !n1 b says t !re is no necessity = admitt+ !m4 ,he cites ! passage f ,bhagavad4 ix4 #bi 7,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 viii4 p4 #cd71 8,!y :o wor%ip me ) devotion or love1 !y are 9 me1 & ,i 9 !m10 z an int]e/+ p>allel to ,john vi4 #g & xvii4 #bc1 b we mu/ rememb] t ,/4 ,john's words 7 circulat+ all ov] ! _w = g5]ations be=e ^! 7 p5n$4 ,footnote #adf3 ,mahavagga1 v4 #a4 #ah4 ,footnote #adg3 ,! ,lalita ,vi/>a1 ( :i* !re are _m v]sions1 is ! *ief au?ority = ! leg5ds4 ,9 ! ,buddhi/ ,bir?-,/ories1 translat$ by ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 9 ,big&et's ,life ( ,gaudama1 & ,sp5ce ,h>dy's ,manual 7,leg5ds ( ! ,buddhi/s71 9 ! ,romantic ,leg5d ( ,sakya ,buddha1 translat$ by ,pr(essor ,s4 ,beal1 w be f\nd a l>ge & int]e/+ miscellany ( ! prodigies connect$ ) ! com+ ( ,buddha4 ,footnote #adh3 ,a wife1 n a virg92 ,romantic ,leg5d1 pp4 #cb1 #cf1 #cg1 #da4 ,footnote #adi3 ,lalita ,vi/>a1 p4 #fc1 ,calcutta edition2 ,buddhi/ ,bir?-,/ories1 pp4 #fb1 #fh4 ,footnote #aej3 ,nalaka ,sutta1 ,sutta ,nipta1 xi4 #a4 #bj1 #ba2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 ,asita1 ! ag$ ascetic1 is said to h asc5d$ to heav5 aft] 8 daily repa/1 & ^u f9d+ ! gods 9 joyful commotion he at l5g? return$ to see ! new-born wond] 7,bir?-,/ories1 p4 #fi74 ,footnote #aea3 ,title giv5 by ! translator ( ! ,dhanima-,kakka-ppavatana ,sutta1 9 vol4 xi4 ( ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/4 ,footnote #aeb3 ,sp5ce ,h>dy1 ,manual ( ,buddhism1 p4 #ahg1 quot+ ! ,pujwaliya1 said to be lat] ?an ! ?irte5? c5tury ,a4,d4 ,footnote #aec3 ,sutta ,nipta1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 ,"p ii4 p4 #ag4 ,footnote #aed3 ,ibid4 vol4 x4 ,"p ii4 pp4 #ca1 #de4 ,footnote #aee3 ,mahp>anibhna ,sutta1 iv4 #di1 #ej1 ibid4 vol4 xi4 p4 #ha4 ,footnote #aef3 ,big&et1 op4 cit4 p4 #cbc2 ,sp5ce ,h>dy1 ,manual1 p4 #cdg2 ,mahp>9ibhna ,sutta1 vi4 #aa-af4 ,footnote #aeg3 ,das ,evangelium von ,jesu 9 se95 ,v]hltniss5 zur ,buddha-,sage und ,buddha-,lehre2 ,leipzig1 #ahhb4 ,footnote #aeh3 ,let any "o comp>e ! pr$iction ( ! s-call$ ,indian ,simeon1 ! ,nalaka ,sutta1 9 vol4 x4 p4 #abe ( ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 ) ,luke ii4 #be2 ! acc\nt ( ! ,temptation by ,m>a1 9 ! ,romantic ,leg5d1 pp4 #bjd1 #bbd1 or 9 ,h>dy's ,manual ( ,buddhism1 p4 #ahc1 ) ,matt4 iv4 #a2 ! s-call$ ,transfiguration 9 ,mahp>9ibhna1 iv4 #di1 vol4 xi4 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 p4 #ha1 ) ,matt4 xvii4 #a-h2 ! fea/ ( ! c\rtesan ,ambopali1 9 ,mahp>9ibhna ,sutta1 ii4 #af4 #be1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 p4 #cj1 ) ,*ri/'s treatm5t ( ! ,magdal5e 9 ,luke vii4 #cf1 & he w see at once h[ improbable & ev5 absurd is ! !ory t ! ,evangeli/s borr[$ f ! ,buddhi/ compil]s4 ,t we are deal+ ) q an inf]ior ord] ( facts is app>5t :5 we comp>e "o ( ! mo/ t\*+ co9cid5ces1 ,buddha's la/ disc\rse to ! ,belov$ ,an&a 9 ,mahp>9ibhna ,sutta1 v4 #cd4 #ce1 8,let n y\rself be tr\bl$10 ) ,john xiv4 #a-f4 ,9 "s ( ! miracles accompany+ ! bir? & temptations ( ,buddha1 !re are n only gross absurdities b positive indec5cies1 :i* by ! simplicity & mode/y & retic5ce ( ! ,gospel n>ratives are p[]fully condemn$4 ,see ,lalita ,vi/>a1 *aps4 vi4 & vii41 & ,buddhi/ ,bir?-,/ories1 vol4 i4 pp4 #eh1 #fh4 ,footnote #aei3 ,?is is a v great assumption inde$4 ,f\caux1 its translator1 assigns x to ! fir/ c5tury ,b4,c41 b ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids assigns x to "s ,nepaulese poet 8:o liv$ betwe5 six hundr$ & a ?\s& ye>s aft] ,buddha's dea?0 7,hibb]t ,lectures1 pp4 #aig1 #bjd74 ,a ,*9ese v]sion is said to h be5 9 exi/5ce ab\t #gj ,a4,d4 ,raj5dralal ,mitra1 its ,engli% translator1 admits ?is 9 8 ,introduction1 p4 #dh1 b :e!r t 0 a v]sion1 or ano!r book altoge!r1 or h[ f> x correspond$ ) ! ,lalita ,vi/>a1 no s*ol> has be5 confid5t to say4 ,dr4 ,beal also m5tions a life ( ,buddha by ,asvagho%a z probably 9 circulation ab\t ! middle ( ! ,*ri/ian era 7,*9ese ,buddhism1 p4 #gc74 ,footnote #afj3 ,mahp>9ibhna ,sutta1 translat$ by ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 ,footnote #afa3 ,! bless$ ,buddha rebuk$ ,p9dola ,bhradvga 7= hav+ won a b[l ( s&alwood by p]=m+ a miracle71 say+1 8,?is is improp]1 n accord+ to rule1 unsuitable1 unwor?y ( a ,samana1 unbecom+1 & ought n to be done4 ,h[ c y = ! sake ( a mis]able wood5 pot display be=e ! laity ! sup]human quality ( y\r miracul\s p[] ( ,iddhi8444 ,?is w n conduce ei!r to ! conv]sion ( ! unconv]t$ or to ! increase ( ! conv]t$0 7,kullavagga1 v4 #h4 #b74 ,! dang] ( p]=m+ a miracle by p[] ( ,iddhi1 = self-glorification1 is exemplifi$ 9 ! /ory ( ,devadatta 9 ,kullavagga1 vii4 #a4 #b1 #c4 ,9 ! ,mahavagga1 ,kullavagga1 ,sutta ,nipta1 & simil> books1 h[ev]1 miracles are ascrib$ to ,buddha1 & conv]sions attribut$ to _! p]=mance4 ,footnote #afb3 ,luke i4 #a4 ,footnote #afc3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #abh4 ,footnote #afd3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 p4 #aij4 ,footnote #afe3 ,mat!w xi4 #bg2 xxviii4 #af-bj4 ,footnote #aff3 ,m>k i4 #g-aa2 ii4 #aj-bh2 viii4 #ch2 xii4 #ce-cg4 ,footnote #afg3 ,press5s1 ,vie de ,jsus1 p4 #cgc4 ,footnote #afh3 ,cox1 ,comm5t>y on ,job1 p4 #ai4 ,footnote #afi3 ,see ,mahavagga1 i4 pp4 #ae-bj1 = specim5s ( ! 8?ree ?\s& five hundr$0 wond]s ( ,buddha4 8,! m>vell\s 9 ! ,gospels is b sob] good s5se comp>$ ) :at we f9d 9 444 ! ,h9du ,european my?ologies0 7,r5an1 tudes d'hi/oire ,relig4 pp4 #agg1 #bjc74 ,footnote #agj3 ,godet1 ,lectures 9 ,def5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?1 pp4 #aah-afa4 ,footnote #aga3 ,dr4 ,dods1 ,mohamm$1 ,buddha1 & ,*ri/1 p4 #bja2 ,dr4 ,fairbairn1 ,/udies 9 ,religion z a ,philosophy1 p4 #cf4 ,footnote #agb3 p4 #eh1 "o-vol4 edition4 ,footnote #agc3 ,tr5*1 ,hulsean ,lectures1 p4 #aej4 ,footnote #agd3 ,sutta ,nipta1 translat$ by ,fausbll 9 vol4 x4 p4 #ajb2 p>allel sugge/$ to ,john xviii4 #cg4 ,footnote #age3 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 pp4 #add-adg4 ,footnote #agf3 ,dorn]1 ,doctr9e ( ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/1 ,introd4 pp4 #ef-fj1 #fd-gj2 ,liddon1 ,bampton ,lectures1 #ahff1 pp4 #cfd-chj2 ,lange1 ,life ( ,*ri/1 vol4 i4 pp4 #aba-abd4 ,footnote #agg3 ,e4g4 ! ,t>gums4 ,footnote #agh3 ,e4g4 ,de ,opific4 ,mund4 i4 #d2 ,de ,mundi incor4 #af1 #ag4 ,footnote #agi3 ,se>s1 ,f\r? ,gospel1 pp4 #bbj seq42 ,we/cott1 ,introduction to ,/4 ,john1 pp4 xvi1 xvii2 ,dorn]1 op4 cit4 vol4 i4 pp4 #cbg-ccb4 ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,! ,,dh>ma ,,( ,,buddha3#ahj ,,! ,,gospel ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/4 ,:at 0 ! discov]y t rew>d$ ,gotama's long travail & conflict "u ! ,bo-tree at ,bohim&a1 & ga9$ = him ! title ( ,buddha1 ! ,awak5$ or ,enlight5$ ,"o8 & :at 0 ! message ( 8glad tid+s0 :i* s9ce !n has made s _m millions ( ! human race reg>d him z _! ,deliv]]8 ,we %all nev] obta9 ! answ] to ^! que/ions if we foll[ ! leg5ds & ! lat] scriptures1 al?\gh !y pr(ess to give all ! /eps ( ! process by :i* he wr\ght out 8 deliv]ance4 ,^! all date f a "t :5 ! se$s :i* he _h s[n among ! ?orns ( uncleans$ sup]/itions1 _h gr[n up into z gigantic & tangl$ a jungle ( speculation z ! _w has ev] se54 ,_h he confront$ 8 day & g5]ation proclaim+ z ! result ( 8 labori\s & pa9ful inquiries ! complicat$ metaphysical sy/em =mulat$ 9 ^! books1 he w\ld h made few conv]ts4 ,he might h become ! head ( ano!r sect1 ! f\nd] ( ano!r s*ool1 b he nev] w\ld h e/abli%$ a religion s ext5sive z t :i* = s _m c5turies1 & among s _m peoples1 has be5 kn[n by 8 "n4 ,foll[+ ! ,s\!rn scriptures1 & guid$ by ! em95t ,ori5tal s*ol>s :o h made !m available by translations1 we may be able to trace1 9 ! wild gr[? ( fancy :i* has gr[n up ar\nd !m1 ! lead+ l9es ( ! orig9al tea*+4 ,! real doctr9e ( ,buddha did n pr(ess to be a philosophy inquir+ into ! ultimate gr\nd ( ?+s4 ,he is repres5t$ z hav+ despis$ philosophis+s1 & z hav+ inveigh$ aga9/ pr(itless que/ion+s z e>ne/ly z did ,/4 ,paul aga9/ va9 babbl+s & oppositions ( sci5ce falsely s call$4#aha ,8 object 0 av[$ly practical1 & he kept sil5t :5 ask$ conc]n+ !mes ^: discussion did n t5d to 8illum9ation & quiet40 ,not)/&+ ?is1 !re mu/ h be5 f ! fir/1 ev5 9 ! e>lie/ =ms ( 8 tea*+1 ideas & ?\ghts beyond ! compreh5sion ( ! simple4 ,= a :ile he hesitat$1 z we h se51 to proclaim 8 discov]y1 because 8! way0 0 too hidd5 = m5 to "k1 & too h>d1 ev5 :5 kn[n1 = !m to foll[4 ,l ! ,jewi% ,scribe1 he conceiv$ t to ! wise alone1 & n to ! ignorant1 belong$ ! law1 & to ! wise alone 0 res]v$ ! hope ( f9al deliv]ance4 ,to *ildr51 & to ! un9/ruct$ /ruggl+ classes1 ! prea*+ 0 n made fully kn[n1 z really beyond !m4 ,unlike ,*ri/1 ^: prea*+ 0 = all )\t exception1 ^: gospel1 ?\gh full ( my/]y1 conf]s illum9ation ev5 on babes1 ! law ( ,buddha 0 9 its entirety = ! sages only1 & in/ead ( conf]r+ k on ^? :o obey$ x1 x made k a condition ( obta9+ deliv]ance4 ,nev]!less1 ?\gh ! d$uctions 7 )9 ! grasp only ( ! few1 8 popul>ity proves t 8 fundam5tal & pr9cipal dogmas mu/ h be5 su* z all c\ld und]/&1 & !y seem to h be5 publi%$1 z ,sa9t-,hilaire obs]ves1 9 a language s 8simple & v]nacul>0 z to induce ev5 ! *ildr5 & ! ignorant to ent] ! pa?s t lead to deliv]ance4#ahb ,he ent]$ ^u 8 travail1 9 ord] to f9d a way ( escape f ! endless cycles ( unsatisfy+ *ange1 & he believ$ t he _h discov]$ x4 ,leav5+ e "p ( 8 sy/em is 8 impression ( ! univ]sality ( suff]+2 & suff]+1 its orig91 its ext9ction1 & ! pa? or me?od t leads to its ext9ction1 are ! s-call$ 8f\r noble tru?s0 :i* con/itute 9 ,buddhism ! 8,law ( ! ,:eel40 ,9 ,buddhism ! :eel is ! dom9ant symbol1 correspond+ to ! cross 9 ,*ri/ianity1 & he :o w\ld prea* or roll onw>d ! :eel mu/ pres5t to ! affectionate consid]ation ( ! he>]s ^! 8f\r sacr$ v]ities0--! v]ity ( suff]+1 ! v]ity t concupisc5ce is ! cause ( suff]+1 ! v]ity t concupisc5ce c be qu5*$ 9 ,nirvana1 & ! v]ity t ! way t leads to ,nirvana is ! sublime eightfold pa? ( ,buddha's law4 ,f 8 fir/ public disc\rse at ,b5>es--correspond+ to our ,"l's ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt--on to 8 la/ words on ! night on :i* he di$1 ?is1 ) manifold amplifications1 b ev] z ! "o pa!tic refra91 is ! sub/ance ( 8 tea*+1 8?r\gh n und]/&+ & grasp+ :i*1 ,o monks1 we h _h to run & w&] s long 9 we>y pa?s1 bo? y & ,i40#ahc ,! primitive cre$ ( ,buddhism 0 diff]5t f1 ?\gh n :olly antagoni/ic to1 ! popul> cre$ or !ory ( life ( ,brahmanism4 ,weigh$ by ,brahmanism1 exi/5ce 0 f\nd want+1 z only illusion1 a speci\s some?+ :i* truly 0 a m]e no?+1 & id5tity ( ! p]sonal ) ! univ]sal self 0 ! only reality4 ,by ,buddhism exi/5ce 0 condemn$1 n z an illusion1 b z :olly & solely suff]+4#ahd 8,:at ?9k ye1 ,o disciples3 :e!r is m1 ! wat] t is 9 ! f\r great oceans1 or ! te>s :i* h fl[n f y1 & h be5 %$ by y1 :ile ye /ray$ & w&]$ 9 ?is long pilgrimage1 & sorr[$ & wept1 because t :i* ye abhorr$ 0 y\r portion1 & t :i* ye lov$ 0 n y\r portion80#ahe ,x 0 n 8vanity ( vanities60 b 8mis]y ( mis]ies6 all is mis]y60 ,life 0 mis]y1 because gov]n$ by ! immeasurable & wret*$ pa/2 dea? 0 mis]y1 because op5+ up an equally immeasurable & wret*$ future4 ,z long z man exi/s he mu/ be mis]able1 unable to 8cease 8 w&]+s10 & 8/ill f "o sorr[ to ano!r ?r[n40 ,! only deliv]ance conceivable f ?is int]m9able evil w\ld be to break ! b&s ( exi/5ce altoge!r4 8,surely 'tw]e bett] n to be40 ,& h[ 8n to be0 seems to h be5 ! problem :i* ,buddha pr(ess$ to solve4 ,may we n conclude ) ,sa9t-,hilaire t ?is1 88 fir/ dogma1 0 8 fir/ fatal error08#ahf ,) all 8 intellectual ability he nev] s\ght to emancipate himself f ! sup]/ition & nightm>e ( transmigration4 ,?\gh he _h ca/ (f all fai? 9 ! gov]nm5t ( a div9e p[]1 he nev] que/ion$ ! belief ) :i* ! l[] aborig9al races _h infect$ ! ?\ght ( 8 ance/ors1 t life 0 gov]n$ by ?is law4 ,x is av]r$ t he f\nd x necess>y to solve ! conflict betwe5 8 ideas ( ju/ice & ! actual ord] ( ?+s1 :i* has ex]cis$ ! human m9d always & ev]y:]e4 ,a mod]n ,buddhi/1 =tunate 9 hav+ ,mr4 ,alaba/] to introduce him to ! notice ( an ,engli%-read+ public1 s prop\nds ?is belief1 &1 purg$ f "s ( its errors1 tries to v9dicate x4 8,= ! law ( p]fect ju/ice10 he says1 8dem&s t human conditions %\ld be equalis$1 & t good & bad luck %\ld be balanc$ sometime & some:]e4 ,if a good man be poor & wret*$ n[1 he mu/ be reap+ ! fruits ( :at he _h s[n 9 a previ\s /age ( exi/5ce40#ahg ,yet surely ?is is a v sup]ficial !ory = an ,ori5tal pr(ess+ ,we/]n culture to =mulate4 ,x is judg+ ( life z *ildr5 & savages judge ( x1 by ! evid5ce ( ! s5ses1 & accord+ to a v inf]ior & inaccurate /&>d ( good & evil4 ,pov]ty & suff]+1 ?\gh confess$ly pa9ful1 may n be reg>d$ by a good man z :olly evil 9 ?is _w4 ,circum/ances :i* ! savage & ! *ild w\ld covet z realis+ _! dreams ( p>adise may be ! rev]se ( desirable to ! mature & ?\ghtful man4 ,! believ]s 9 transmigration make no di/9ction betwe5 :at is evil & :at is simply pa9ful4 ,evil is n t :i* pa9s1 b t :i* defiles & degrades & de/roys1 & good is n j t :i* pleases1 b t :i* elevates & ennobles & purifies4 ,! law ( absolute ju/ice does n require1 z ! mod]n ,buddhi/ dem&s1 t human conditions %\ld be equalis$1 & t all m5 %\ld be treat$ alike2 = no two human be+s all ! _w ov] are absolutely alike2 b x dem&s t ea* %\ld receive ! treatm5t mo/ conducive to 8 heal?y gr[? z a moral be+1 & :at appe>s to s5se z ! h>d] lot may comm5d itself to reason z ! bett] portion ( ! man to :om x has be5 assign$1 because mo/ suit$ to 8 ne$4 ,! dogma ( transmigration is said to occupy 9 ! ,buddhi/ sy/em a position analog\s to t ( ! ,fall 9 our ,*ri/ian !ology2 b 9 reality ! two are diametrically oppos$1 bo? 9 _! ess5tial ideas & ! consequ5ces :i* fl[ f !m4 ,!y are analog\s only 9 respect t !y ea* pr(ess to acc\nt = ! conflict betwe5 man's ideal ( himself & 8 actual condition4 ,! exi/5ce ( evil is admitt$ by bo?1 b ! ,buddhi/ believes t evil belongs to ! v ess5ce ( man1 & !re=e he c f9d no prospect ( relief f x1 "h or h]eaft]4 ,= z long z ! /ream ( exi/5ce cont9ues x w always fall bel[ its s\rce1 & evil1 accord+ to ! inexorable rule ( nature1 w propagate only evil4 ,! ,hebrew1 h[ev]1 did n conceive ( x z ess5tial to or z always 9 ! nature ( man4 ,8 ance/ral beliefs c>ry him beyond ! ,fall2 8 p$igree />ts ) ! mo/ sublime ( all !ories ( human orig9 t has ev] be5 =mulat$ 9 human spee*3 8,let u make man 9 our image & aft] our lik5ess1 & let him h dom9ion ov]0 ! creature4 ,dom9ion ov] nature man has n1 = he is too mu* "u its dom9ion1 & to ?is subjection mu* ( 8 suff]+ is directly traceable4 ,! ,hebrew pr(ess$ to h ! orig9 ( ?is condition reveal$ to him 9 a brea* betwe5 man & 8 ,mak]1 consequ5t ^u man's self-ass]tion & selfi% )drawal ( 8 life f ! s\rce ( life1 :i* mu/ involve suff]+ & dea?4 ,s ?r\gh all ! we>y g5]ations !re is ! same inv>iable sequ5ce ( s9 ent]+ ! _w1 & dea? by s94 ,& yet at 8 v wor/ ! ,hebrew believ$ t x 0 once f> bett] ) ! human race1 & on ?is belief he d>$ to re> ! /ructure ( 8 magnific5t hope1 t mank9d %all be re/or$ to ! orig9al close relation%ip ) ,god1 & !re=e to a gr&] dom9ion ov] nature1 & to a happi] & ev5 m prosp]\s life ?an t ( :i* 8 ance/ors _h dream$ z _! primeval /ate4 ,:atev] may be said ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall1 belief 9 x is inde$ 8a condition ( hope10#ahh & ! belief & ! hope bo? spr+ f _! fai? 9 ,god z ,creator & ,gov]nor ( ! race1 :i* *>act]is$ ! ,hebrew prophets4 ,:]ev] t fai? is lively1 x n only su/a9s man amid ! suff]+s ( life1 b x n]ves him to /ruggle ) physical & moral evil to vanqui% x4 ,! pur] ! fai? ! m resolute is ! /ruggle2 ! holi] ! ,deity becomes to ! ?\ght ( man ! /rong] becomes 8 conviction t life is a bless+1 & t all its /ruggles may conduce to peace4 ,!re is an in/9ct :i* seems to sugge/ t !re are worse ?+s ?an tr\bles1 & t !y may be bless+s ( no mean quality aft] all4 ,*ri/ianity has made ! />tl+ revelation t suff]+ is n peculi> to man1 z ! consequ5ce ( 8 p]v]sity 9 trav]s+ ! ,div9e ord]2 = n only is ,*ri/ pres5t$ to u z ! greate/ suff]]1 b 9 ,him ,god ! highe/ & ! holie/ is disclos$ z involv$ 9 x1 & z tak+ ^u ,himself ! responsibilities & ! suff]+s :i* our s9 & ne$ entail4 ,b if 9 ,*ri/ !re is reveal$ ! greate/ suff]]1 x is z "o ^: suff]+ is n 9 va94 ,by suff]+ ,he conqu]s t :i* has produc$ x2 by endur+ suff]+ ,he ends x2 & ,he reigns & f9ds ,8 bless$ness 9 mak+ u p>tak]s ( ,8 victory ov] x4 ,s aga9 ,*ri/ianity1 unlike o!r religions :i* promise salvation f suff]+1 (f]s salvation ?r\gh suff]+4 ,x alone ass]ts ! utility ( suff]+2 o!rs reg>d x z evil1 ,*ri/ianity z evil ov]rul$ = good4 ,o!rs reckon x z a m]e loss or wa/e1 ,*ri/ianity z some?+ t may be turn$ to pr(it z ! condition & prep>ation = joy4 ,joy 9 ! ,*ri/ian conception is n ! rew>d ( suff]+1 nor comp5sation = suff]+1 b ! fruit & issue ( suff]+ :i* leads to x1 z travail leads to bir?4 ,s in/ead ( evad+ or ignor+ x1 ,*ri/ w\ld h u recognise & acquiesce 9 x1 & ev5 be ?ankful = x1 z necess>y n = our p]sonal pr(it1 b = ! ga9 ( mank9d4 ,by ,8 suff]+s we are heal$1 & ?r\gh our suff]+s we fill up :at rema9s ( ,8 = ! r$emption ( ! _w4 ,only ?r\gh 8! long travail ( ages yet to be0 w !re be born 9 ! evolution ( ,god's r$emptive purpose t bett] race f :i* all suff]+ %all h pass$ away1 because disob$i5ce w h _h an end4 ,fell[%ip 9 ,*ri/'s suff]+s has ?us transfigur$ ! afflictions ( all :o believe 9 ,him4 ,unlike ! ,indian1 tortur$ by endless *ange1 )\t any evolution f l[ to high]1 f evil or imp]fect to :at is good & p]fect1 ! ,*ri/ian c endure suff]+ n only pati5tly b also *e]fully1 kn[+ t he is suff]+ n j = 8 own sake1 b t 9 ways my/]i\s he is light5+ ! load ( _m1 & help+ to br+ to an end ! long angui% ( ! :ole creation4 ,b ( ?is consolation :i* comes f fai? 9 ,god ! ,creator1 & !re=e ! ,r$eem] ( man f de/ruction1 ,buddha _h depriv$ himself4 ,unlike ! ,brahman :o s\ght escape f ! evils ( transmigration by a process ( subsid5ce into ! univ]sal ,self1 he pr(ess$ to f9d no trace ( ?is ,absolute ,self4 ,! ,brahman po/ulat$ ! ,inf9ite & reason$ f x1 b ,buddha />t$ f q ! opposite pole4 ,he pr(ess$ to deal ) life z he f\nd x1 & s reason+ f man outw>d1 he ass]t$ t ! necessity = transmigration 0 involv$1 n 9 ! illusion ( ,brahma1 b 9 man's own "*4 ,in/ead ( be+ a natural or div9e necessity1 x 0 a moral necessity creat$ by man1 :i* hav+ its cause 9 8 own action c\ld also by him be de/roy$4 ,& s ,pan!i/ic speculation1 9 ?is in/ance at lea/1 rip5$ into its prop] fruit4 ,! passage f conceiv+ ,deity z *>act]less passionless self1 to disc>d+ ,deity altoge!r f human ?\ght1 is a sure & g5]ally a v rapid "o4 ,:5 we come to ?9k ( ,deity z ( be+ diffus$ & disp]s$1 we w soon omit ! ?\ght altoge!r 9 ! recognition only ( physical =ce4 ,brahmanic speculation _h resolv$ ! deities ( ! anci5t books into ab/ractions1 & ,buddha recognis$ no su* ab/ractions 9 ! gov]nm5t ( human life4 ,8 cre$ 0 fundam5tally a!i/ic1 z directly contradict+ belief 9 a supreme rul] ( ! univ]se4#ahi ,n t he d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( ! gods believ$ 9 by 8 c\ntrym54 ,on ! contr>y1 he all[$ !m to cont9ue 9 ! popul> ?\ght & spee*1 & ev5 enc\rag$ disciples :o _h n yet rea*$ ! highe/ k to try to acquire m]it by virtue1 s z to secure aft] dea? a re-bir? into _! society4 ,simil>ly he admitt$ ! exi/5ce ( devils or demons1 & _! influ5ce = evil ^u man4 ,all ?r\gh 8 c>e] he 0 beset by ,m>a1 ! s5sual k+ ( all :o submit to him2 b ,buddha 0 sup]ior n only to ,m>a1 b to all ! gods 9 ! popul> pan!on1 = !y1 alike ) ! l[e/ & ! weake/ ( ?+s1 7 subject to ! law ( transmigration4 ,man might rise to a high] heav5 ?an :at !y occupi$2 !y might fall to ! l[e/ hell4 8,_! worlds mu/ p]i% l t ( man1 & if ev] !y atta9$ to f9al salvation1 x c\ld only be by ! same way 9 :i* a worm might hope to rea* x40#aij ,?r[+ 8 8plummet d[n ! broad deep univ]se10 he cri$1 8,gods _m10 b no god able to save4 ,all alike ) m5 7 b\nd 9 fett]s1 because ignorant ( ! tru? he knew4 ,naturally1 !re=e1 !y are repres5t$ 9 ! leg5ds z pr(it+ by 8 prea*+ & z seek+ unto him = in/ruction1 :ile ^? ( !m :o refus$1 or c\ld n walk 9 8 ways1 came to be reg>d$ ) pity4#aia ,9 l mann] 8 cre$ 0 z ess5tially mat]iali/ic4 ,man 0 no spiritual be+1 b a bundle ( ,sankh>as--a t]m1 x is said1 v difficult to translate1 b imply+ t p]son meant a mass ( 8=ms0 or mat]ial qualities s *ang+ z to be nev] ! same = two consecutive mom5ts4 ,belief 9 a s\l he reg>d$ z a h]esy1 :i* he di/9ctly class$ ) s5suality & belief 9 ! efficacy ( sacrificial rites4#aib ,to ! he>t z ! six? s5se he ascrib$ ! p[] ( conceiv+ ideas )\t =m1 z ! eye _h ! p[] ( p]ceiv+ objects2 b ?is disappe>$ 9 dissolution z completely z did ! o!rs1 & :at 0 re-born 0 n ! s\l b ! quality1 ! m]it or dem]it acquir$4 ,?is />tl+ ass]tion ( ,bi%op ,big&et's#aic has be5 confirm$ & amplifi$ by o!rs1 specially by ,rhys ,davids1 & s ! "q at once sugge/s itself1 n[ t ! gov]n+ ideas ( ,deity & ! sep>ate exi/5ce ( ! s\l 7 expell$ f ! human m9d1--,:at 0 !re left to give vitality & coh]5ce to 8 sy/em z a religion8 ,a k9d ( religion is conceivable :5 some?+ et]nal & self-dep5d5t is recognis$1 if n )\t & above a man1 at lea/ )9 him2 b "h is a religion va/ & compreh5sive spr++ f ! det]m9ation to annihilate all religion1 ass]t+ n simply t man is indep5d5t ( all sup]ior be+s1 b t z ! sum-total ( gr\ps ( s5sations1 ab/ract ideas1 t5d5cies1 & pot5tialities1 no?+ ( 8 p]sonality c survive dissolution1 & h[ are we to acc\nt = x8#aid ,! answ] is to be s\ght = 9 ! work+ ( t great moral in/9ct :i* is at ! root ( ! belief 9 transmigration4 ,?\gh !re 0 no p]son1 no s\l to emigrate f ! body1 ?\gh ! man p]i%$1 !re 0 some?+ :i* he call$ ! ,k>ma--a ^w co9$ by old ,brahman sages long be=e him1 ?\gh us$ by !m 9 a diff]5t s5se--t surviv$4#aie ,! aggregate ( ! good & evil 9 ! life t _h come to an end =m$ ! se$ ( ano!r exi/5ce1 s t ea* new individual & g5]ation became ! exact & inevitable results ( ^? t _h prec$$ !m4 ,x 0 evid5tly a !ory ( cont9uity z unsci5tific z x 0 unphilosophic4 ,x c\ld n be call$ an evolution 9 any s5se ( ! ^w1 see+ x meant ! appe>ance 9 a new individual ( ! m5tal & physical acts ( ano!r :o _h ceas$ to be4 ,! ass]tion1 aga91 t ?\gh !re 0 no 8cont9u+ consci\sness10 no transi5ce ( s\l 9 any s5se f "o p]son to ! o!r1 ! two p]sons are "o1 has be5 v prop]ly /igmatis$ z a 8psy*ological absurdity40#aif ,f ! fir/1 ?\gh "o ( _! /able/ dogmas1 ?is "o 0 a difficulty to ! ,buddhi/s !mselves4 ,_! le>n$ m5 nev] pr(ess$ to ju/ify x to reason1 b accept$ x z a my/]y1 9 op5 contradiction to _! pr9ciple t ev]y?+ 0 to be reject$ :i* c\ld n be compreh5d$ or expla9$4 ,! common p aga9 simply ignor$ x1 & adh]$ to ! belief ( _! fa!rs 9 cont9uity ( life & p]sonal id5tity = man 9 ! future4 ,! sages might ref9e1 b ! moral s5se ( ! masses c\ld n escape f ! conviction t ! evil :i* !y _h done mu/ foll[ !m1 & ! good :i* !y w\ld d c\ld n be int]r$ ) _! bones4 ,ev5 ! speculation ( ! sages 0 a tell+ confirmation ( ! tru? t man _c get rid ( himself4 ,he may make a mock at ,god1 may dem&1 ,if a man die c he live aga98 or h[ diff]s ! life ( a man f ! life ( a bea/8 b he _c ref9e away 8 moral s5se & ! in/9ct ( retribution :i* is inwov5 9 8 inmo/ be+4 ,buddha ackn[l$g$ no moral gov]nm5t ( ,deity1 disc>d$ ! old belief t ! same s\l mu/ receive ! rew>d ( ! de$s done 9 ! body2 he d5i$ ev5 to ! s\l a sep>ate exi/5ce f ! p]i%able body2 b he 0 haunt$ by ! gho/ ( p]sonal id5tity4 ,he felt absolutely c]ta9 t !re 0 a real connection ( cause & effect betwe5 pa/ & pres5t & future1 & t ea* act ( ! s\l mu/ "w out its full effect to ! bitt] end4#aig ,s x 0 only by pr(ession t ,god 0 mock$2 m5 7 witnesses to !mselves ( a ,sov]eign ,p[] =c+ ,himself ^u !m1 ev5 :5 !y tri$ to =sake ,him1 compell+ !m to receive ,8 ?\ghts :5 !y w\ld n ?9k = !mselves4 ,s 9 primitive ,buddhism we h ! /range p>adox t out ( ,a!ism !re arose a religion1 ) a dem& ^u consci5ce almo/ ,*ri/ian1 & ass]t+ z ,*ri/ianity does ! et]nal necessity ( righte\sness & tru?4#aih ,! analogy :i* has be5 sugge/$ betwe5 ! ,buddhi/ dogma ( ,k>ma & ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( h]$ity is a v int]e/+ "o4 ,x is /range t ! law ( h]$ity1 s cle>ly indicat$ 9 ! ,bible1 %\ld be proclaim$ 9 our age z a mod]n discov]y4 ,infidelity =m]ly d5\nc$ ! ,bible = tea*+ t s9 & its p5alty 7 transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 =gett+ t b = transgression ! law ( h]$ity c\ld only & always entail good4 ,laws are to be judg$ by _! int5tion1 & ?is "o1 design$ to secure & transmit ! increm5t ( good 9 ea* g5]ation1 is manife/ly p]v]t$ by conditions = :i* x is n responsible4 ,! law1 h[ev]1 :i* ass]ts itself 9 humanity by entail+ on ! g5]ations ! bless+ ( good z well z ! curse ( evil1 is n[ be+ proclaim$ & int]pret$1 n by div9es1 b by m5 ( sci5ce & philosophy4 ,! tw9 tru? ( ! unity ( humanity1 elem5tal 9 ! ,hebrew & ,*ri/ian religions1 ?\gh =m]ly /rangely =gott5 or d5\nc$ by infidelity1 is also adopt$ z a pr(ess$ discov]y ( our c5tury4 ,we are all agre$ t humanity is "o1 t ea* life is "p ( a l>g] life1 & s ! injury ( ! "p is ! injury ( ! :ole4 ,s9 c\ld n ent] humanity )\t dragg+ x d[n1 & hol9ess c\ld n ent] & conqu] )\t lift+ x up4 ,if "o c\ld appe> 9 humanity )\t s91 n a l9k 9 ! diseas$ *a91 b p]fectly free f all ta9t ( disease1 is ! supposition incr$ible t he w\ld h ! effect ^u humanity ( a new creation8 ,8 com+ w\ld imply ! rev]sal ( ! drift t[>d evil & ! weak5+ ( ! inh]it$ & accumulat$ t5d5cy to depravity4 ,x w\ld be a br++ "u ,div9e influ5ce ( ?is my/]i\s pr9ciple ( h]$ity1 ) results = good :i* no human intellect c measure1 & e/abli% a once greatly d]id$ ass]tion1 t z 9 "o ,adam1 t is1 "o k9d ( humanity1 all die1 ev5 s 9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive4 ,buddha _h a cle> appreh5sion ( ! tru? ( h]$ity1 b he _h n ! fa9te/ conception ( ! unity ( humanity4 ,8 !ory ( life 0 ess5tially atomic4 ,humanity 0 n to him "o :ole1 b a cong]ies ( individuals1 ea* "o an end to himself1 & liv+ j to himself4 ,! injury done to self by wrong-do+ 0 always pres5t to a ,buddhi/'s ?\ght1 b ! suff]+ ?us caus$ to o!rs 0 nev] tak5 into acc\nt4 ,he _h no idea ( ! :ole suff]+ 9 ! "o1 & consequ5tly no s5se ( duty to mank9d4 ,?\gh believ+ 9 ! propagative p[] ( good & evil1 he did n "w = ! good ( com+ g5]ations1 b solely = ! rescue ( ! individual f ! :irlpool ( suff]+ exi/5ce4 ,x has be5 *>itably sugge/$ t 8 aim f9ds its analogue 9 ! (fset to p]sonal ext9ction s w9n+ly pres5t$ by 8,george ,eliot0 & ,mr4 ,john ,morley1 :]eby ?\gh dead & gone = ev] 9 ourselves1 we may 8live aga9 9 m9ds made bett] by our pres5ce10 & 89 pulses /irr$ to g5]osity40#aii ,buddhism _h no su* hope2 ! age1 ! sy/em itself1 7 alike incapable ( conceiv+ x4 ,! "t = t k9d ( ,positivism _h n come4 ,! human m9d _h to und]go long c5turies ( ,*ri/ian culture be=e x 0 possible = ! n9ete5?-c5tury agno/ic poetess & philosoph] ?us to exp\nd _! cre$1 = mod]n ,positivism has be5 p[]fully ?\gh indirectly influ5c$ by ! fai? :i* x contradicts1 &1 l _m ( ! assailants ( ,*ri/ianity1 x owes to x ! mo/ ( its /r5g? & ! be/ ( its weapons4 ,*ri/ianity1 />t+ f ! conception ( man z no outgr[? ( nature1 b a new creation 9 x1 a be+ )9 & di/9ct f 8 body z ! driv] is f ! *>iot1#bjj has a !ory ( human de/9y contra/$ utt]ly ) t ( ,buddhism4 ,man's tee? h be5 set on edge because 8 fa!rs h eat5 a s\r grape1 b ! br& ( pa9 ^u pa/ transgressions helps him to conqu] ! ta9t transmitt$ 9 ! blood4 ,?\gh he f9ds heavy temptation 9 inh]it$ t5d5cies1 he f9ds 9 e temptation a way ( escape 9 a call to yield to o!r t5d5cies :i* are ev] draw+ 8 s\l to goodness4 ,%>+ a confess$ly s9ful humanity1 he may be p>tak] ( a s9less "o1 & ?us1 if evil reigns ov] him unto dea?1 ! law ( ! _s ( life 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus c free him f x4 ,buddhism _h no su* hope & goal = man2 inde$1 we may well wond] t a pessimism m ?or\gh ?an t ( ,brahmanism did n deprive x ( all hope & s9k x into fatalism4 ,left alone to fight 8 way ?r\gh ! univ]se1 /ruggl+ 9 a mael/rom ( =ces ) no help = him 9 man1 no hope ( sympa?y 9 ,god1 a ,buddhi/ w\ld surely despair4 ,on ! contr>y1 unlike ! ,moslem c[]+ "u ! ?\ght ( rel5tless w1 he accept$ ! situation ) ,*ri/ian det]m9ation to improve x4#bja ,he c\ld hope = deliv]ance1 = suff]+ _h an orig91 & if ! cause c\ld be remov$ !n suff]+ w\ld end4 ,! coils ( mis]y c\ld be unw\nd1 ! curse ( humanity c\ld be aboli%$1 if only man c\ld procure = himself emancipation f ! necessity ( ,k>ma4 ,n[ ?is ! true ,buddhi/ believ$ he c\ld ga9 by ! ext9ction ( all desire4 ,plato adopt+ ! ,py?agorean doctr9e ( transmigration1 taught t ! future organism ( ! s\l w\ld dep5d ^u ! crav+s :i* x _h fo/]$ "h4#bjb ,some:at simil>ly ,*ri/ians believe t ! future ( ! man w dep5d ^u 8 mo/ dom9ant pres5t habits1 & t1 disembodi$1 ! _s w gravitate un]r+ly to ! society :i* x has made ( its k9d4 ,buddhism1 believ+ 9 no s\l1 ma9ta9$ t 9 ! dy+ creature a p>ticul> ?ir/ or cleav+ to exi/5ce caus$ ! bir? ( ano!r creature2 & s he :o w\ld escape f ! *a9 ( exi/5ce mu/ endeav\r1 by vigor\s prosecution ( ! eightfold way1 & ! f\r pa?s or degrees ( p]fection to :i* x l$1 to atta9 a /ate 9 :i* all crav+ = cont9uity _h ceas$4 ,k>ma !n w\ld h no t]ror to him2 he w\ld h rea*$ a po9t :5ce he c\ld look onw>ds )\t anxiety1 because he w\ld be tread+ a pa? f :i* he nev] w\ld /ray4 ,he might /ill be a man1 liable to suff]+ & subject to dea?1 b "o purifi$ & emancipat$ f all inh]itance ( evil1 & fully assur$ ( ,nirvana4 ,& :at 0 ,nirvana1 ! f9al refuge ( ! emancipat$ ,buddhi/8 ,ev] s9ce ! religion 0 kn[n 9 ,europe great div]sity ( op9ion has prevail$ z to ! mean+ ( ?is ^w4 ,x 0 employ$ by ! ,brahmans _m c5turies be=e ,buddha's day1 & us$ by !m & by himself & 8 disciples 9 s great a v>iety ( s5ses t ev5 ! le>n$ ,raj5dralala ,mitra1 9 enum]at+ ! sects into :i* or?odox ,buddhi/s are divid$ 9 reg>d to x1 confess$ "s ye>s ago t he _h giv5 up 9 despair ! attempt to asc]ta9 its mean+4#bjc ,! rese>*es & discov]ies ( lat] ye>s h enabl$ ! translators ( ! texts to write ) less hesitation z to its significance1 & we are entitl$ to accept z solid ! results ( _! pati5t inve/igations4 ,to beg9 )1 !y tell u t x means ! peace :i* ensues :5 all passion has be5 subdu$1 & all selfi% crav+ has be5 ext+ui%$4 ,?\gh practically no ,buddhi/ hopes to atta9 to x "h1 b only to ent] ! pa?s lead+ to x1 x may be rea*$1 n 9 anticipation only1 b 9 fruition4#bjd ,buddha may be said to h be5 9 ,nirvana =ty ye>s1 = he ent]$ x1 n 9 ! mom5t ( dy+1 b :5 he atta9$ p]fection4 ,?is fir/ conception ( x1 !re=e1 seems a m>vell\s anticipation ( ! fai? ( ! ,*ri/ian1 :o f9ds 8 heav5 & ent]s into 8 re/ :5 he is deliv]$ f ! 1 f all selfi% clut*+ at ! means ( exi/5ce4 ,9 bo? religions1 tak5 at _! highe/1 ! goal ( aspiration 0 n ext9ction ( sorr[1 b ext9ction ( self-love3 9 ,buddhism ! qu5*+ ( tri%na1 or updna1 8?ir/10 9 ,*ri/ianity ! qu5*+ ( 1 8lu/10 8inord9ate desire40 ,9 bo? religions ! goal meant f9ality1 a /ate 9 :i* !re 0 an end ( dea?2 & 9 bo?1 moreov]1 x meant a *ange :i* no language c\ld def9e1 & to :i* no kn[n /&>d c\ld apply4 ,! ,*ri/ian believ] tells u t he is pass+ f ! visible to ! invisible1 f ! temporal to ! et]nal1 & 9 l mann] ! ,buddhi/ ,arahat w\ld only be able to allude to ! great *ange by negations1 & z ! v opposite ( all we "k or at pres5t conceive4 ,! ,*ri/ian believes 9 ! p]sev]ance ( ! sa9ts1 & ! ,buddhi/ :o has really ent]$ ! pa? mu/ soon] or lat] rea* 8 prize4 ,b !re ! analogies end1 :ile ! contra/s betwe5 ! two beliefs are z irreconcilable z are _! po/ulates4 ,! po/ulates ( ,*ri/ianity are ! spiritual nature ( man1 & t 8 pres5t evil condition is n 8 normal "o4 ,s9 has gone ext5sively & deeply into 8 be+1 = x is no m]e sup]ficial excresc5ce1 a fault :i* c be correct$1 a smir* t c be wa%$ away1 b a leprosy 9 ! blood1 :i* is ! life4 ,cleans+ is requir$ & provid$1 b x is ! cleans+ out ( ! :ole corrupt nature by ! transfusion into ! s\l ( a ,div9e life s pure1 & s /rong because ( purity1 t x c\ld n be hold5 ( dea?4 ,life is ! ess5tial idea ( ,*ri/ian salvation2 x is ! ,div9e gift be/[$ by ,*ri/1 :o came t we might h life1 & h x m abundantly4 ,s :ile 9 ! body we groan1 be+ burd5$ by a suff]+ fle%1 x is n t we may be unclo!d1 b clo!d ^u2 n t ! gift ( life may be recall$1 b t x may be secur$ 9 its complet5ess4 ,x is 8m life & full] t we want40 ,sanctification 9 ! ,*ri/ian conception means a process ( heal+1 & salvation means p]fect heal?--! condition ( a creature fre$ f all inord9ate desire1 or desire = any?+ =bidd51 :i* is ! root ( all s91 & rejoic+ 9 ! unta9t$ bliss ( be+4 ,dea?less1 s9less life1 ! life ( et]nal incorruption1 8! p]fect life ( love1 ! re/ ( immortality10 t is ! ,*ri/ian ,nirvana4 ,buddhism1 on ! contr>y1 po/ulat+ ! mat]ial nature ( all exi/5ce controll$ by ! univ]sal law ( transmigration1 _h no su* conception ( f9al bless$ness4 ,nirvana 9 its ?\ght meant1 inde$1 ext9ction 9 ! fir/ in/ance ( all fle%ly & selfi% dispositions2 b ! ?ir/1 ! 8cleav+0 7tanh7 :i* 0 to be qu5*$1 0 n lu/ 9 ! ,*ri/ian s5se1 b ! natural innoc5t love ( life1 & ,nirvana involv$ ! ext9ction ( t love1 & ( life z ! go+ out ( a flame :i* _h no?+ else to fe$ ^u4 ,deliv]ance f ?is in/9ctive ?ir/ = life is a specific g]m ( :i* annihilation is ! outcome4 ,t ,buddha s exp\nd$ x 0 long que/ion$1 & by _m d5i$1 b ,dr4 ,old5b]g has suffici5tly made cle> 8 attitude t[>d ?is dogma4 ,he seems to h cont5t$ himself ) its fir/ significance1 to h evad$ ! necessity ( decid+ ! _m discussions :i* 7 wag$ conc]n+ ! second z pr(itless1 & n t5d+ to quietude & wisdom1 & to h exhort$ 8 disciples to /rive r to ent] ! pa?s4#bje ,by ! "t1 h[ev]1 ! canonical books 7 produc$1 8 disciples _h n %runk f pu%+ 8 fundam5tal pr9ciples to _! only logical conclusion4 ,! mo/ anci5t expositions ( 8 doctr9e disclose "o long !ory ( ,nihilism z its only legitimate inf]5ce4 ,if mis]y 0 insep>able f exi/5ce1 x foll[$ t non-exi/5ce 0 a bless+1 & consequ5tly man's *ief end 0 to aspire & /rive to rea* t /ate 9 :i* ! 8v se$ ( exi/5ce has )]$1 ! lamp ( life has burnt out = ev]1 & man c no m be born aga940#bjf ,:ile ?is 0 ! doctr9e ( ! philosoph]s1 ! ov]:elm+ majority ( ,buddhi/s 9 e age & c\ntry h put a v diff]5t mean+ ^u ! ^w4 ,j z human nature has prov$ too /rong 9 !m to accept _! a!i/ic cre$1 s 9 popul> e/imation f ! fir/1 ,nirvana has meant n annihilation ( exi/5ce1 b ext9ction ( suff]+4 ,!y did n compreh5d its metaphysical significance1 b !y long$1 z all m5 d1 = release f sorr[1 & a happi] life :5 ?is is ov]1 & !y took refuge 9 ,buddha1 because 8 law promis$ to convey !m ov] ! tr\bles ( life into a bless$ h]eaft]4 ,!re might be high] ?+s = ! wise to ga91 b ! simple 7 cont5t$ ) ?is inf]ior portion1 & inde$ !y *ose ! bett] "p4 ,= surely ! conception ( deliv]ance f suff]+1 involv+ ext9ction ( ! be+ t suff]s1 0 z *ildi% z t ( gett+ rid ( a too?a*e by cutt+ (f ! head4#bjg ,rightly 7 !y l$ by ! infallible in/9cts ( our moral be+ to believe t ! end ( righte\sness mu/ be re/1 b !y w&]$ fe>fully 9 conceiv+ ( re/ z no?+ness1 = ! 8end ( righte\sness is peace1 & ! fruit ( peace1 quietness & assurance = ev]40#bjh ,! great "q ) ,buddha & 8 imm$iate disciples 0 n h[ ,nirvana1 ! goal ( human aspiration1 0 to be def9$1 b h[ x 0 to be atta9$4 ,x 0 = him suffici5tly express$ z ! f9al ext9ction ( all ! roots ( sorr[1 & he taught t ?is consummation c\ld only be rea*$ by k4 ,ignorance 0 ! ultimate gr\nd ( all suff]+ exi/5ce1 b1 z 9 ,*ri/ianity1 m5 c\ld "k ! tru?1 & ! tru? w\ld set !m free4 ,accord+ to bo? religions1 ?is k c\ld nei!r be transmitt$ by tradition nor le>n$ by a simple intellectual process4 ,x impli$ a moral & spiritual tra9+1 & 0 ! fruit ( ob$i5ce2 b !re aga9 ! analogy ends1 = ! ,buddhi/'s idea ( k is z widely contra/$ ) ! ,*ri/ian idea z is its idea ( ! ,tru? to be kn[n4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity k means ,div9e illum9ation or revelation1 ! result ( tru/ful surr5d] to ,*ri/1 ! reveal] ( ! ,fa!r1 & ,himself ! ,tru?4 ,9 ,buddhism x meant a k ga9$ by man himself1 ?r\gh a process ( moral culture & self-control4#bji ,9 ,*ri/ianity x 0 a grace t came ?r\gh ob$i5ce to a bett] ,w2 9 ,buddhism x meant simply ob$i5ce to a ,law4 ,t law1 moreov]1 _h no comm&+ p[] to en=ce x1 & involv$ no moral obligation 9 ! ,*ri/ian s5se to obey x4 ,x 0 n a law l ! law ( ,moses or ! law ( ,*ri/1 = x impli$ no ,lawgiv] to make x b9d+4 ,x 0 simply a rule1 a me?od1 discov]$ by man1 & foll[$ because he f\nd x exp$i5t to foll[ x4 ,adopt+ ?is me?od1 obs]v+ ?is rule1 p]sev]+ 9 ?is c\rse1 a man w\ld atta9 to k ( ! tru? ( ?+s1 b ?is suppos$ tru? is ! v contradiction ( ! tru? z x is 9 ,jesus1 ! tru? by :i* we are sanctifi$1 & made wise unto salvation4#baj ,?is %\ld be borne 9 m9d :5 9 translations ( ,buddhi/ books we f9d su* words z 8hol9ess10 8sa9ts10 8pa?s or degrees ( sanctification10 8righte\sness10 & su* l4 ,! orig9al words repres5t conceptions diff]5t f & antagoni/ic to ^? sugge/$ by ^! words to u4 ,b keep+ ?is 9 view1 we may well admire & be ?ankful = ! high purpose & cle> moral insight :i* enabl$ ,buddha to discov] & set =? 8 way to ,nirvana4 ,! /r5g? & glory ( ,buddhism1 ! secret ( its orig9al attractiv5ess1 & ( its long cont9uance1 is its e?ical sy/em4 ,its metaphysical cre$ may repres5t a v pu]ile philosophy1 its discipl9e ( artificial re/ra9t may h be5 ! rev]se ( emancipation1 b its moral code1 9 its simple & direct & p[]ful appeal to ! consci5ce1 is a f> ne>] approa* to ! ,gospel ?an t ( ,g5tile ,/oics or ( ,jewi% ,scribes4 ,avoid+ s5suality on ! "o h& z degrad+1 & asceticism on ! o!r z unpr(itable1 x mapp$ out a via m$ia t l$ f> above t project$ by any anci5t s*ool4 ,x ent]$ into e doma9 ( life1 ( ?\ght & ^w & de$2#baa laid its control1 z ,*ri/ianity does1 on feel+ & motive1 & proclaim$ t ! way to p]fect peace 0 a way :i* no unrighte\s man c\ld ent] & no unclean man c\ld tread4 ,x is v int]e/+ to cat*1 beh9d all its sup]/itions & idolatries1 & crude & *ildi% speculations1 ?is glimpse ( an ideal l unto t ( ! ,son ( ,man1 call+ & lead+ m5 to righte\sness1 purity1 & k9dness1 z _! only refuge4 ,to ! old ,v$ic religion1 & to all ! class ( religions ( :i* x is ! type1 morality1 z we h se51 0 a /rang]4 ,x 0 ! philosoph]1 & n ! prie/1 :o 9 old times argu$ ( righte\sness1 temp]ance1 & judgm5t to come4 ,! ,hebrew1 z we h se51 0 ! fir/ & only anci5t religion t dem&$ hol9ess ( life z indisp5sable to ! wor%ip ( ,god1 & ,*ri/ianity1 z 0 natural1 recognis$ ?is old law :i* m5 _h f ! beg9n+4 ,b ,buddhism 0 ! fir/ sy/em 9 :i* morality 0 sub/itut$ = religion4 ,x _h nei!r prie/s1 nor temples1 nor pray]s1 b taught m5 to dep5d = safety solely ^u a life ( virtue & wisdom & goodness4 ,?\gh x impli$ a *ange ( he>t am\nt+ to conv]sion1 ?is 0 due to ! op]ation ( no reg5]at+ _s1 b to p]sev]ance 9 c\rses )9 ! rea* ( any "o4 ,anticipat+1 !re=e1 !ories ( life broa*$ n[-a-days z if !y 7 new discov]ies1 its endeav\r to dissociate ! human f ! sup]natural1 & to sub/itute ! e?ical = ! religi\s1 des]ves v e>ne/ /udy4 ,x meant man's e>ne/ resolve to "w out 8 salvation ) fe> & trembl+1 = !re is no ,god )9 him work+ bo? to w & to d ( ,8 good pleasure4 ,x 0 an attempt to conceive ( a morally gov]n$ univ]se )\t a ,gov]nor4 ,pr(ess$ly a!i/ic comp>$ ) ! religion out ( :i* x arose1 x has be5 prop]ly describ$ to be 8m !i/ic at its core ?an ,brahmanism has ev] be540#bab ,x did n tr\ble itself ab\t ! orig9 ( man z an emanation f ! univ]sal self1 b x ass]t$ ! dignity ( 8 nature z re/+ on really a s\nd] basis4 ,x refus$ to believe ) ! ,hebrew t ! ,creator _h writt5 ! law on ! tables ( ! he>t1 b x f\nd ! law !re writt5 someh[1 & read x almo/ z correctly4 ,l ! ,*ri/ian apo/le1 its f\nd] ass]t$ t ea* man 0 a law unto himself1 ! judge ( 8 own action1 & ! arbit] ( 8 fate4 ,& ?us x came to pass t1 )\t any consci\s purpose ( do+ s1 he inaugurat$ a moral revolution :i* la/$ = ages4 ,x swept away an enorm\s mass ( sup]/itions f ! ,indian m9d = c5turies1 aboli%$ _m abuses1 & modifi$ m :i* x fail$ to ov]come4 ,x has t5d$ to civilise _m b>b>\s races2 & if among !m ,buddhism has be5 able to be> ! encumbrance ( _! hide\s idolatries :i* x assum$1 x is because ( ! /rong e?ical f\ndation ^u :i* x re/s4 ,x is ! e?ical elem5t 9 religion t is univ]sal & endur+1 & !re is a complet5ess & =ce & p]suasiv5ess ( e?ical tea*+ 9 ,buddhism :i* all non-,*ri/ian religions lack2 !re is a compreh5siv5ess ( duty & g5tl5ess :i* pre-intimate cle>ly t univ]sal ,*ri/ian rule :i* makes x imp]ative t we %\ld n only duly consid] all bre?r5 :o are human1 b %\ld say to ! worm1 z )9 ! scope ( our b5evol5ce1 8,?\ art my "m & si/]40 ,let u n[ exam9e m closely ?is way to ,nirvana z exp\nd$ 9 ! ,suttas ( ,buddha1 & 9 relation to ,*ri/'s way ( salvation4 ,! ,*ri/ian is v simple1 b z x proce$s f a mu* deep] conception ( human ne$1 its me?od ( meet+ x is v diff]5t4 ,x 0 n ! suff]+ & misdirection ( m5 t mo/ deeply impress$ & mo/ p[]fully affect$ our ,"l4 ,he came to a race made 9 ! image ( ,god1 t _h confess$ly fall5 f or _h fail$ to realise its ideal4 ,x 0 lo/1 z %eep are lo/1 by inh]5t t5d5cy to w&]2 z co9s are lo/1 by ! neglect ( o!rs2 z prodigals are lo/1 by s5suality2 & z ,ph>isees are lo/1 by self-righte\sness4 ,x 0 diseas$ & p]i%+1 /ruggl+ n 9 ! coils ( *angeful suff]+1 b 9 ! clut* ( an evil p[] :i* _h tak5 possession ( x4 ,sorely ne$+1 ?\gh n seek+ r$emption1 unable to help itself1 ,he _h come 9 ! "n ( ,8 ,fa!r1 :o will$ n t any %\ld p]i%1 to seek & save x4 ,8 =mula ( salvation 0 pla9 en\gh = ev5 babes to appreh5d1 = all ,he ask$ 0 t m5 %\ld turn to & believe 9 ,him4 ,!y c\ld n raise !mselves1 b !y c\ld look t[>d ,him1 & f9d deliv]ance 9 ! look1 = by tru/ 9 ,him z ! supreme object ( love & wor%ip1 !y w\ld be lift$ up out ( _! evil /ate4 ,! deepe/ tides ( man's be+ are ^? :i* are sway$ by 8 fai? 9 & love ( p]sons1 & x 0 ^u fai?1 ! commone/ ( all p[]s 9 our nature1 t ,*ri/ reli$ = ! deliv]ance ( mank9d f ! dom9ion ( evil4 ,he (f]$ ,himself to man & = man1 0 lift$ up = !m on ! cross 9 ! beauty ( suff]+ hol9ess2 & z love always attracts love1 & z goodness becomes a creative p[] 9 ^? :o appreciate x1 s all :o believ$ ,him1 tru/$ ,him1 clung to ,him z ! weak cl+ to ! /rong1 7 uplift$1 & *ang$1 & transfigur$4 ,love n only has a dom9at+ b an assimilat+ p[]4 ,we become l ^? :om we f]v5tly admire & implicitly obey4 ,ob$i5ce 9 su* a case is n an obligation1 b an inspiration2 s ?\gh 9 ,*ri/ianity we speak ( ! ,law ( ,*ri/1 x is n z an ext]nal code to :i* we mu/ con=m1 b z a p[] communicat$ to & op]ative 9 u4 ,x is a law ( ! _s ( life1 a grace & bless$ness ( disposition1 :i*1 spr++ f gratitude1 w manife/ itself 9 hol9ess f> exce$+ ! righte\sness ( a law1 because vivifi$ by a *>ity & m]cy z b\ndless z t :i* x adores4 ,s :5 our ,"l inaugurat$ ,8 k+dom1 ,he may be said to h proclaim$ 9 ! ,beatitudes ,8 ,law1 = ,he !n decl>$ ! dispositions ( ^? :o w\ld receive ,him1 & :o z sons ( m5 tru/+ & foll[+ ,him1 w\ld be sav$ & sanctifi$ & glorifi$ by ! ,son ( ,god4 ,n[1 ?\gh f 8 fir/ s]mon to ! la/ ,buddha is repres5t$ z 8in/ruct+ 8 disciples1 incit+ !m1 r\s+ !m1 & gladd5+ !m0 by disc\rs+ ( bless$ness1 x 0 n ( bless$ness 9 ! gospel s5se4 ,x 0 ! bless$ness ( ! ,old ,cov5ant1 n ( ! ,new--! bless$ness1 n ( !m :o love mu* because !y h be5 =giv5 mu*1 b ( !m :o keep ! law1 & tread 8! pa? :i* op5s ! eyes1 be/[s und]/&+1 leads to peace ( m9d & full enlight5m5t0--! bless$ness all :o1 walk+ 9 ! ,noble ,eightfold ,way1 mu/ ev5tually rea* ,nirvana4#bac ,x is almo/ impossible to expla9 all t is meant by ! ,noble ,eightfold ,way1 = translators diff] v greatly z to ! real mean+ ( ! t]ms employ$1 & ev5 :5 !y agree1 !y w>n u t ! words1 ?\gh simil> to our own1 d n sugge/ ! same realities4 ,! ^w 8righte\sness0 & ev5 8morality0 nev] c h on ! lips ( a true ,buddhi/ ! same signification :i* !y h on ours2 = righte\sness1 ap>t f ! fe> & love ( ,god1 is an impossible conception to u1 & s w\ld unrighte\sness1 unless z a s9 or an (f5ce aga9/ ,him4 ,buddhism has no ^w = #8s9' 9 our s5se1 & !re=e no words = #8hol9ess' or #8sa9t4' 8,s9 is simply pa91 dem]it1 & a sa9t is "o fre$ f :at causes pa940 8,a righte\s act is "o accumulat+ m]it1 an unrighte\s act "o produc+ suff]+40#bad ,! ,eightfold ,way1 int]pret$ by ! leg5ds1 pres5ts u ) ! ,buddhi/ conception ( ! p]fect man1 & 7 we to take its con/itu5ts z equival5ts to ! ,*ri/ian qualities sugge/$ by ! words1 we %\ld f9d outl9$ a "* :i* "h or any:]e mu/ be its own beatitude1 b ^: bless$ness is z completely beyond ! rea* ( s9ful man z fly+ is beyond ! p[] ( a bird ^: p9ions are brok54 ,b ,"r ,views or ,belief1 ,"r ,resolve1 ,"r ,spee*1 ,"r ,"w1 ,"r ,livelihood1 ,"r ,ex]cise1 ,"r ,m9dfulness1 & ,"r ,tranquillity1 mu/ be tak51 n z we accept1 b z ,buddhi/s und]/&1 ! phrases4 ,by "r belief !y unque/ionably meant belief 9 ,buddha & ! ,f\r ,v]ities2 "r resolve includ$ ab&onm5t ( all dome/ic & social duties2 "r spee* 0 ! recitation or publication ( ! dh>ma2 "r "w 0 specially t ( a monk2 "r livelihood t ( liv+ on alms2 "r ex]cise t5d$ to ! suppression ( all individuality2 "r m9dfulness 0 habitual contemplation ^u ! impurity & imp]man5ce ( human nature2 & "r tranquillity 0 ec/asy4#bae ,to h sub/itut$ ev5 ?is 9 ! ,h9du m9d = a righte\sness only c]emonial & sup]/iti\s 0 inde$ re=mation2 b z an idea ( ,p]fection x is manife/ly n only diff]5t f1 b greatly inf]ior to1 ! ,*ri/ian ideal4 ,p]fection 9 ! case ( ,buddhism meant ext9ction ( feel+ & consci\sness2 9 ,*ri/ianity x meant h>moni\s & full developm5t ( be+ & "*4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity p]fection meant con=mity to an ,exempl> outside & above x1 ! lik5ess ( a *ild to a ,fa!r 9 heav52 b ,buddhism c\ld conceive ( no exempl>1 & ! man :o w\ld be p]fect mu/ /rive 9 entire self-dep5d5ce to be s4 ,9 ,buddhism ! /&>d is purely human2 9 ,*ri/ianity1 :ile ! measure requir$ is relative1 ! /&>d is div9e4 ,s 9 ,buddhism ! ,arhat is cont5t1 & we nev] he> f him ! confession1 8,i c\nt n myself to h atta9$60 b 9 ,*ri/ianity ! m sa9tly ! life1 ! great] ! discont5t ) x4 ,! high] we rise ! m urg5t is ! desire to press on4 ,*ri/ianity !re=e op5s up ! av5ue to p]petual improvem5t1 & inspir+ u ) a motive to progress :i* c nev] lose its p[]1 x provides = ! s\l ! only re/ t w satisfy x4 8,9 life10 says ,pascal1 8we are ev] believ+1 we seek repose1 b :at we really crave is agitation40 8,x is ! conte/ t pleases u1 & n ! victory2 ! pursuit & n ! possession40#baf ,absolute tru? & goodness is ! p]fection ( div9e bless$ness2 ! nev]-ceas+ pursuit ( x is human bless$ness4 ,! goal we c nev] rea*1 b ! wat*word1 8,ne>]1 my ,god1 to ,!e60 seems to solve = u ! problem ( human de/9y1 = by direct+ u to ! life ( p]petual a*ievem5t1 x assures u ( a nev]-end+ bless$ness4 ,! ,buddhi/ goal ( p]fection & ! law or way t l$ to x1 0 by ,buddha himself or 8 e>lie/ disciples consid]$ to be beyond ! p[] ( _m to atta9 to4 ,8 foll[]s 7 soon rang$ into classes accord+ to _! ability to tread ! pa?s :i* l$ to lib]ty4 ,8 law1 !re=e1 unlike ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts ( ! ,bible1 :i* are b9d+ on all )\t di/9ction1 0 n a law = all m54 ,ea* "o 0 at lib]ty to take on him z _m or z few obligations z he pleas$1 accord+ to 8 resolve to cont9ue 9 ! _w1 or to ab&on x1 & hav+ ab&on$ x accord+ to 8 resolve to seek aft] ,arhat%ip & aspire to ,nirvana4#bag ,^u ^? :o1 con=m+ outw>dly1 yet rema9$ 9 _! secul> call+s1 0 enjo9$ ab/95ce f ! five gross s9s1 ( kill+1 !ft1 adult]y1 falsehood1 tak+ intoxicat+ dr9ks--already1 ) ! exception ( ! la/1 made b9d+ on !m by ! ,h9du religion4 ,by refra9+ f ^!1 & by s]v+ & ma9ta9+ ! monks1 ev5 ! laity c\ld w9 = !mselves a happy re-bir? into "s _w h]eaft]4 ,^? wis] ones1 aga91#bah :o1 conv9c$ ( ! evil & dang] ( secul> life1 _h ab&on$ _! homes1 & ent]$ ! ,ord] t by m$itation & ab/raction !y might fur!r "w out _! deliv]ance1 b\nd !mselves1 9 addition to obs]vance ( ^! five comm&s1 to eat only at /at$ times1 to use nei!r p]fume nor ornam5t1 to sleep only on mats on ! gr\nd1 to ab/a9 f danc+1 music1 & worldly %[s1 to own & accept nei!r silv] nor gold1 & to be p]fectly *a/e4 ,= ^? wise/ ( all1 :o _h n only ab&on$ ! _w 9 ord] to lead ! bett] life ( ! religi\s1 b :o _h /r5u\sly resolv$1 9 foll[+ ! religi\s life1 to atta9 to ,arhat%ip & ,nirvana1 !re rema9$ ! mu* m sev]e obs]vance ( :at 0 call$ ! 8,sev5 ,jewels ( ! ,law10#bai ! la/ & mo/ important use to :i* ! ,noble ,eightfold ,way c\ld be put4 ,= by e>ne/ly /ruggl+1 m$itat+1 ma/]+ _! precepts1 ! 8,t5 ,fett]s0 ( ,delusion1 ,d\bt1 ,dep5d5ce on ,c]emonial ,rites1 ,s5suality1 ,hatr$1 ,love ( life on ,e>?1 ,crav+ = life 9 ,heav51 ,pride1 ,self-,righte\sness1 & ,ignorance1 w\ld "o by "o be brok51 & long self-abnegation involv$ 9 ! process w\ld "w out its full rew>d4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t 9 all ^! classes or /ages ! practice ( virtue & ! cultivation ( purity 7 consid]$ fundam5tal4 ,9 ! prea*+ ascrib$ to ,buddha great /ress is laid on ,enlight5m5t1 & on ,m$itation1 :i* leads to x2 b at ! base ( all ?is sy/em1 z ! fir/ indisp5sable factor 9 secur+ p]fection1 0 ,uprightness4 ,9 ! ,suttas ?is =mula con/antly recurs3 8,great is ! advantage1 great ! fruit ( e>ne/ contemplation :5 set r\nd ) upright conduct4 ,great is ! fruit1 great ! advantage ( intellig5ce :5 set r\nd ) e>ne/ contemplation4 ,! m9d set r\nd ) intellig5ce is free f ! greate/ evils1 t is to say1 f s5suality1 f individuality1 f delusion1 & f ignorance48 ,aga91 8,righte\sness1 e>ne/ ?\ght1 wisdom & fre$om sublime3 ^! are ! tru?s realis$ by ,gotama f>-r5[n$40#bbj ,! uprightness1 or righte\sness requir$1 pres5ts1 z ! ,moral ,law ( ,scripture does1 a mu* broad] range ( influ5ce ?an ! words w\ld indicate4 ,9 prohibit+ ly+1 ,buddha enjo9$ avoidance ( all (f5sive language1 & ( e ^w t c\ld sev] m54 ,he also in/ruct$ 8 disciples n only to avoid %[+ enmity to ^? :o hat$ !m1 b to ov]come evil ) good4 ,purity aga9 9 8 reg>d meant purity n ( ^w & de$ alone1 b ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,9 "s respects 8 precepts g beyond ! ,moral ,law4 ,! comm& n to kill includ$ respect n = human be+s only1 b = e creature t _h life4 ,he n only condemn$ drunk5ness1 b dem&$ total ab/95ce z ess5tial4 ,! precept 8,d n commit adult]y0 0 und]/ood 9 our s5se ( x only by ! laity2 = ! religi\s1 m>riage 0 n an hon\rable e/ate1 b "o pollut$ & pollut+4 ,unlike ! ,moral ,law1 :i* recognises ev]y?+ t is natural & sanctifies x1 ! rule ( ,buddha 9 ^! respects 0 unnatural 9 its re/rictions4 ,x pron\nc$ common & unclean :at ,god ,himself has cleans$2 &1 z always happ5s :5 m5 add to ! comm&m5ts ( ,god 9 "o direction1 !y are sure to take away f !m 9 ano!r4 ,s ,buddha's rule1 ?\gh excell5t 9 t x lays its control n on conduct only1 b on ?\ght & feel+1 is ess5tially negative & defective4 ,x does n cov] man's :ole nature1 nor provide = 8 e possible relation4 ,ignor+ ,god1 x is !re=e int]pret$ by no positive & active pr9ciple ( goodness4 ,x is inspir$ by no s5se ( duty1 = x recognises 9 ! univ]se no sup]ior to :om any?+ is due1 &1 unconsci\s ( any b5efit1 x owns no gratitude4 ,consequ5tly unrighte\sness1 z an (f5ce to or an outrage ^u a bett] or k9d] be+ ?an self1 is n 9 all its range ( view4 ,unrighte\sness is only a calamity to be avoid$ or an imprud5ce n to be repeat$4 ,/ruggl+ to get out ( ! me%es ( an evil net1 ! ,buddhi/ might bewail 8 mi/ake1 8 folly1 or 8 feeble or ill-direct$ ef=t1 b he 0 totally unconsci\s ( rebellion or +ratitude4#bba ,moreov]1 9 a univ]se :]e ,moi-mme is ! only god1 & a man's own ,nirvana 8 only goal1 ! prim>y motive ( action c rise no high] ?an fe> or self-int]e/4 ,app>5tly /rong1 x is really ess5tially weak 9 reg>d to ! ma9t5ance ( prop] relations to o!rs dem&$ by ! second table ( ! ,moral ,law4 ,! suff]+ caus$ to o!rs ?r\gh 8 failure to fulfil ! law1 or by consci\s transgression ( x1 makes no impression on ! ,buddhi/1 except 9 z f> z x int]f]es ) 8 pursuit ( p]fection4 ,o!rs are reg>d$ only z occasions ( acquir+ m]it4 ,in/ead ( s]v+ !m z ,*ri/ enjo9s u to d1 ! ,buddhi/ s]ves himself ( !m4 ,x is a religion ( e man = himself4 ,x has be5 lik5$ to ,positivism1 b x falls f> %ort ( x1 z lack+ ! altruism :i* ,positivism has borr[$ f ,*ri/ianity4#bbb ,positivism refuses to d any?+ = ! glory ( ,god1 b x lays great /ress ^u ! duty ( liv+ = humanity4 ,x makes ! great mi/ake ( suppos+ t ! claims ( ,god mu/ be di/9ct f or antagoni/ic to ! int]e/s ( humanity4 ,x does n recognise t !y are id5tical--t ! m ! life is res]v$ = ,god1 ! m ( x is communicat$ to our fell[-m51 & t we mu/ love ! ,"l our ,god ) all our he>ts1 be=e we c love our neighb\r z ourselves4 ,! ,positivi/ s*eme ( morals1 h[ev]1 is va/ly sup]ior to t ( ,buddhism1 = 9 x ! goal is ,nirvana1 )\t any ref]5ce to ! good ( any o!r1 & ! decid$ advantage ( any action consi/s :olly & solely 9 ! consequ5ces to ! actor himself4 ,dr4 ,old5b]g has po9t$ out to u t ! mu*-vaunt$ *>ity ( ,buddhism1 illu/rat$ 9 ! leg5ds by ! self-immolation ( ,buddha to satisfy ! hung] ( a wild bea/1 ?\gh x 8sways t[>d does n ev5 t\* ! law ( ,*ri/ian *>ity40#bbc ,buddha's ,rule1 ?\gh b5evol5t to ! ext5t t x w\ld h>m no "o1 & b5efic5t 9 respect ( do+ good1 knew no?+ ( ,*ri/ianity's en?usia/ic passionate desire to help & "w = o!rs4#bbd ,x 0 ! int]e/ ( ! true ,buddhi/ to =give 8 enemies & n to hate !m1#bbe b he nev] consid]$ himself b\nd to love !m4 ,x 0 good policy = "o press+ on to ,arhat%ip to d good works1 & he w\ld g f> out ( 8 way to d !m2 b he nev] w5t ab\t do+ good z "o :o f\nd 8 rew>d 9 ! opportunity & p[] to d x4 ,he 0 among m5 n z "o :o m9i/]s & gives 8 life to ransom o!rs4 ,8 v self-abnegation _h egoism at its core4 ,betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian surr5d] ( self to ,god = ! sake ( o!rs1 & ! ,buddhi/ surr5d] to o!rs = ! sake ( self1 !re is a great gulf fix$4 ,! fir/ spr+s f a s5se ( indebt$ness1 a consci\sness ( m]cy unm]it$1 b freely be/[$2 b ! o!r1 hav+ no s5se ( =giv5ess receiv$1 has no real m]cy to %[4 ,! m]cy ( ,god is ! spr+ ( all true human compassion1 = he :o truly receives x f9ds x impossible to )hold x4 ,x is1 alas6 be/[$ ^u _m :o are too full ( !mselves to take x 91 & 9 all su* cases x is lo/1 b 9 e he>t t is consci\s ( x1 x becomes a disposition to %[ k9dness t _c be c\nt$ by acts1 & t nev] w ask1 8,h[ (t %all my bro!r (f5d me & ,i =give him80 ,buddhism 0 fri5dly 9 its b5evol5ce1 b x nev] 0 actively *>itable1 9 tak+ ^u x ! infirmities & be>+ ! sicknesses ( o!rs4 ,x has no passionate desire to ga!r ! wreck$ & blight$ ( humanity & to b9d up _! ble$+ w\nds & sores4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 its pursuit ( ,nirvana x pass$ by all su* 9 ! pa? ( life1 precisely z ! prie/ & ,levite pass$ ! w\nd$ man on _! way to ,j]i*o4 ,x n only 0 selfi%1 b ev5 cruel 9 ?is pursuit1 = a woman 9 difficulty or 9 di/ress 0 n to be help$ by a pass+ monk4 ,! poor & ! diseas$ & ! lo/ 7 n to be consid]$1 = !y 7 simply suff]+ ! due rew>d ( _! de$s2 b ! yell[-rob$ monks1 heal?y & %9+-fac$1 7 to be ! recipi5ts ( ! b\nty ( ! *>itable & ! prop] objects ( _! att5tion4 ,"o ( its beatitudes runs ?us3 8,n to s]ve ! fooli%1 b to s]ve ! wise2 to hon\r ^? wor?y ( hon\r4 ,?is is ! greate/ bless+40#bbf ,almsgiv+ 0 inde$ enc\rag$2 b alms 7 only to be be/[$ ^u ! wor?y--on ! monk & ,arhat--n on ! outca/ & ! lep]1 ^: mis]able condition indicat$ _! unwor?9ess4 ,if ! animal creation pr(it$ by _! *>ity1 :i* !y refus$ to _! suff]+ fell[-m51 x 0 f a selfi% motive3 = ! p>5t1 or wife1 or *ild1 :om by ,buddha's rule !y 7 oblig$ to help1 might be look+ at !m1 = all !y knew1 out ( ! eyes ( ! bea/1 & n to fulfil ! precept w\ld br+ to !mselves bo? h>m & loss4#bbg ,te/$ ev5 socially1 !re=e1 ! ,rule ( ,buddha is defective1 & ?is because x is n f\nd$ on religion4 ,! cause ( ,god is et]nally ! cause ( man4 ,9 ! ,fa!rhood ( ,god is ess5tially involv$ ! univ]sal bro!rhood ( man4 ,*ri/ is be=e u z ! repres5tative ( humanity1 because ,he is ! repres5tative ( ,deity4 ,refusal to ackn[l$ge ,8 supremacy w di/urb all human relation%ips & ?r[ !m into disord]4 ,we le>n to d to o!rs z ,*ri/ ha? done to u2 ! s5se ( our indebt$ness w be ! measure ( our *>ity4 ,= ?is end ,he has *os5 ! poore/ & ! mo/ wret*$ z ,8 memorials1 & ,he has said1 8,inasmu* z ye h done x unto ! lea/ ( ^! my bre?r51 ye h done x unto ,me40 ,to d ju/ice to ,buddha's way1 h[ev]1 we mu/ rememb] t ! pa? ( uprightness 7sila7 0 only ! fir/ "p ( x4 ,)\t ext]nal rectitude1 inw>d integrity w\ld be impossible2 b ext]nal rectitude1 )\t self-conc5tration1 w\ld be a f\ndation )\t a /ructure4 8,a man mu/ endeav\r to keep con/ant wat* ov] 8 ?\ghts1 = our :ole exi/5ce dep5ds ^u our ?9k+10#bbh 0 "o ( ! noble maxims ( ,buddhism4 ,x is to its cr$it z a religion t x recognis$ t only a small "p ( our real life c be express$ 9 words & de$s1 t ! true sph]e ( morality & human temptation 0 )91 & t x in/ruct$ m5 to keep ! he>t ) all dilig5ce1 = out ( x are ! issues ( life4 ,buddha seems to h felt1 & to h 9 "p at lea/ express$1 ! contra/ & conflict betwe5 ! se5 & ! unse5 9 our life4 ,he recognis$1 x is true1 no s\l1 & ! w>f>e betwe5 ! fle% & ! _s 0 n f\nd 9 8 philosophy1 b he _h to acc\nt = ! antagonism :i* e "o feels betwe5 our animality & our humanity1 betwe5 :at is press+ or dragg+ u d[n1 & :at 9 u /ruggles to be free4 ,! m5tal & moral qualities 7 ( f> m value ?an ! physical2 ! invisible 0 ( m consequ5ce1 because m real1 ?an ! visible4 ,! 8m9dful & ?\ghtful man0 0 ! man :o 8look$ )9 & n )\t10 & s ,buddha's insi/5ce ^u ! 8noble e>ne/ness ( m$itation0 z indisp5sable to deliv]ance is a gr& te/imony to ! tru?1 :i* no philosophy ( mat]ialism c falsify1 t we are f> m conc]n$ ) :at we ?9k & feel & imag9e ?an ) :at we t\* & we ta/e1 & t our ?\ghts & feel+s g f> m into ! weav+ ( our "* ?an d our words & works4 ,x is alleg$ t 9 ,pali lit]ature ! ^w = m$itation 7samadhi71 by :i* alone inn] purity c be atta9$1 be>s to ! ^w = 8uprightness0 ! same relation z t :i* fai? 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t be>s to works4#bbi ,by uprightness1 delusion is cle>$ away1 & by pond]+ con/antly ! five pr9cipal k9ds ( m$itations--,love1 ,pity1 ,joy1 ! ,impurity ( ! ,body1 & ! /ate ( ,s]5e ,indiff]5ce to :at m5 ?9k bad or good--! man 0 suppos$ to be r$eem$ f all atta*m5t4#bcj ,x is v pa!tic to note ?is approa* t[>d & yet reb\nd f ! ,*ri/ian conception ( ! function ( fai?3 = fai? is ! victory t ov]come? ! _w1 ) its lu/ ( ! fle%1 its lu/ ( ! eye1 & its pride ( life4 ,x is t too :i*1 because x looks to ! unse5 & et]nal1 qu5*es all sordid or inord9ate cleav+ to life1 :i* is ! root ( s mu* evil & ! cause ( s mu* suff]+4 ,! apo/les1 in/ruct$ ( ,*ri/1 h taught u t ,god's preci\s gift ( life is ours to use3 t to keep x1 to w to save & to f9d x1 z if x 7 an end & n a means1 is to miss & to lose x2 :ile to use x1 be will+ to lose x = "s high] good1 is to keep x unto life et]nal4 ,n[ ,buddha _h a glimpse ( ?is tru?1 t lu/ ( exi/5ce 0 ! root ( bitt]ness 9 humanity4 ,he condemn$ z h]esies ! worldly lu/ :i* says1 8,let u eat & dr9k1 = to-morr[ we die10 & ! lu/ ( o!r-worldl9ess :i* dreams t ! life beyond w yield z good1 or bett] pleasures ?an ?is "o2#bca b ! two la/ ( 8 five pr9cipal m$itations %[ h[ f> ap>t & f> %ort ( ! victory ( fai? 0 8 idea ( ! victory ( samadhi4 ,! apo/les' aim 0 to get rid ( lu/2 b 8 aim 0 to get rid ( life4 ,! apo/les mortifi$ ! memb]s :i* are ^u ! e>?1 ang]1 wra?1 malice1 evil concupisc5ce1 & covet\sness1 j t ! high] life1 ! life hid ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god1 might gr[ & bright52 b ,buddha1 9 8cleans+ himself f all impurity1 little by little1 mom5t by mom5t1 piece by piece10#bcb s\ght to escape f ! la/ %ad[ ( p]sonal exi/5ce into ! bless$ness ( absolute unconsci\sness1 if n ( utt] ext9ction4 ,= ?is seems cle>ly reveal$ 9 ! la/ or highe/ /age to :i* ! pa?s ( uprightness & m$itation 7 suppos$ to conduct1 t ( enlight5m5t 7panna7 or spiritual ab/raction1 alleg$ to be equival5t to pray] 9 o!r religions4 ,! highe/ ,*ri/ian conception ( pray] is t ( communion ) ,god2 ! highe/ ,buddhi/ conception ( panna is ( a /ate ( clairvoyance or ec/atic insight 9 :i* 8m5 he> ) cle> & heav5ly e>1 surpass+ t ( m510 & 8compreh5d by _! own he>ts ! he>ts ( o!r m510 & 8recall _! own v>i\s /ates 9 =m] exi/5ces10 & 8see ) pure & heav5ly vision ! procession ( o!r be+s z !y pass f life to life40#bcc ,buddha evid5tly 0 believ$ by 8 disciples to h possess$ ?is p[]1 & probably 8 own long fa/+ & sev]e au/]ities1 practis$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 c>e]1 act+ ^u a highly n]v\s sy/em1 made him a believ] 9 ! reality ( ?is p]fect insight & ec/asy ( contemplation1 & t x might be acquir$ by all :o 7 suffici5tly p]sev]+ 9 pursuit ( ,arhat%ip4#bcd ,x mu/ be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t he does n appe> to h reg>d$ ?is z an exp]i5ce to be enjoy$ by ! ,arhat 9 p]petuity2 on ! contr>y1 x 0 ! condition prec$+ f9al & et]nal deliv]ance1 & s x may be tak5 z ! ,buddhi/ conception ( ,eu?anasia4 ,! ,*ri/ian 9 ! highe/ & supreme mom5t ( life aspires1 if consci\s1 aft] ! beatific vision4 ,x is no ,brahmanic absorption into ! absolute t he desires1 b lik5ess to & communion ) ,god4 ,! consci\sness ( p]sonality 0 nev] m int5se1 ! conviction 0 nev] /rong] t he has be5 div9ely creat$ & tra9$ z a sep>ate "*4 ,by long & pray]ful use ( ! means ( grace he has s\ght to br+1 & to keep himself "u ! control ( ! ,holy ,_s2 & he hopes t ! next *ange w completely free him f e trace ( 8s5suality1 delusion1 & ignorance10 & purge away f ! s\l ! la/ ta9t ( selfi%ness4 ,by long & sore exp]i5ces he has le>n$ t selfi%ness is ! evil root :5ce spr+ all ! suff]+ & sorr[ t poison life4 ,he c !re=e und]/& & sympa?ise ) ! ,buddhi/ ana!ma ^u 8individuality10 if by t is meant ! endeav\r to ab/ract our life f ! solid>ity ( humanity1 to use x = our own ends1 & to grudge :at ( x ,god uses = ! re/ ( ,8 family4 ,?is is ! ,*ri/ian conception ( ! cause ( dea? & all its woe1 & f ?is a ,*ri/ian sa9t ev] prays & /ruggles to be free2 b x is n f 8individuality0 9 ?is s5se t ! ,buddhi/ ,arhat seeks deliv]ance4 ,he is b5t ^u ! v ?+ f :i* ! ,*ri/ian is anxi\s to escape4 ,he wants to isolate & )draw 8 portion ( life f ! sum ( humanity1 to ab/ract himself f ! mass1 to save 8 own s\l2 & n[ t he ne>s ! goal1 8 :ole en]gies are direct$1 n to purify & /r5g!n & ennoble ! p]sonal self = bett] s]vice1 by m9d+ :at is pure & lovely1 & by /riv+ unceas+ly aft] :at is "r & true1 b by cru%+ out e feel+ into apa?y1 e ?\ght into vacuity1 s z to get rid ( p]sonality1 id5tity1 & ! v fa9te/ g]m ( life4#bce ,& ?is is ! goal ( a race t has ext5d$ n only ov] ! :ole range ( ! pres5t1 b ov] t ( _m exi/5ces2 ?is is ! victory :i* cr[ns a fight t has cont9u$ ?r\gh\t untold ages4 ,truly !re is some?+ v pa!tic 9 ! conception ( a /ruggle aft] sa9?ood s prolong$1 by "o :o1 n[ a god1 n[ an animal1 n[ a man1 has nev] lo/ sight ( 8 m>k1 & has ev] press$ onw>ds to x4#bcf ,probably we may h some?+ to le>n f x1 by way ( correct+ ! idea t true moral & spiritual excell5ce1 p]fection1 sa9tl9ess1 is ! gr[? ( a s+le life2 b :5 ! goal is und]/ood 9 its b>e reality1 z imply+ n de/ruction ( selfi%ness1 b ext9ction ( be+1 surely ! reproa*ful "q is ju/ifi$1 8,to :at purpose is ?is wa/e80 ,aft] mill5nia ( trans=mation ! nebula has =m$ into a />1 & j at ! po9t :5 x c illum9e an imm5sity1 x disappe>s = ev] f ! firmam5t4 ,unreckonable en]gy & ?\ght h be5 exp5d$ ^u ! production ( a man1 & j :5 he has rea*$ ! highe/ po9t ( p]fection1 & is mo/ s]viceable to ! univ]se1 he becomes ( less value ?an a vap\r t vani%es away4 ,truly 8! cr[n ( our life z x closes ,is d>kness2 ! fruit !re( du/10 & man walke? 9 a va9 %[1 he disquiete? himself 9 va91 if ,buddha's way be ! only pa? ( deliv]ance f evil1 & ,nirvana 8 only goal4 ,& s :ile we ought to be pr(\ndly ?ankful = ! intellectual culture & moral e>ne/ness t made ,buddha1 9 spite ( himself1 ! re=m] ( ,ea/]n ,asia1 x is manife/ t ev5 8 be/ doctr9es repres5t v p>tial & "o-sid$ tru?s1 8dwelt ^u ) morbid int5sity1 to ! exclusion ( e fact :i* might h modifi$ !m40#bcg ,8 fundam5tal error 0 8 wild attempt to expla9 ! life ( man indep5d5tly ( ,div9e control1 & to guide man safely ?r\gh ! p]ils & temptations ( exi/5ce by an e?ical sy/em f\nd$ on no appeal to an et]nal pr9ciple ( goodness )\t1 b solely to self-int]e/4 ,! result1 :i* has be5 to id5tify ! nature ( man ) t ( ! animals1#bch surely %[s conclusively t religion & morality c nev] be dissociat$ )\t damage to bo?4 ,a religion )\t morality mu/ degrade4 ,a sy/em ( morality ap>t f religion w nev] upraise4 ,religion is = man simply indisp5sable4 ,deity is a necessity to him1 & deity he mu/ h1 ?\gh he f9ds 8 god 9 a tree or makes x out ( a /one4 ,man lives by fai?1 fai? 9 8 high] self1 fai? 9 a high] ?an himself1 :o alone c expla9 ! conflict betwe5 8 actual condition & ! ideals :i* he conceives4 ,! mod]n ,buddhi/ assumes t 8religion is ! sci5ce ( man1 n ! revelation ( ,god1 & he consid]s t compreh5sions ( deity are ( f> less consequ5ce ?an j ideas ( a man's own self10#bci b h[ c a man h a j idea ( himself ap>t f "s idea ( ,god8 ,accord+ to 8 idea ( ,god w be 8 e/imate ( himself4 ,buddhism1 by ignor+ ,god & prea*+ morality1 has c]ta9ly fail$ to make its adh]5ts moral1 & x has imp>t$ to :at is noble 9 _! morality ! melan*oly ( despair4#bdj ,ignor+ ,god1 x c\ld only =m1 or c\ld n emancipate itself f1 a false conception ( man1 z "p ( a mat]ial sy/em ( ?+s2 b man1 ?\gh consid]ably involv$ 9 a mat]ial sy/em1 nev] c be int]pret$ by x4 ,on ! contr>y1 nature c only be int]pret$ or prop]ly und]/ood 9 man z ! l[] 9 ! high]4 ,man is an antagoni/ ( nature2 he is = ev] condemn+ its ways1 com+ into collision ) its laws1 refus+ to live its life4 ,out ( ?is collision em]ges 8 religion1 :ile 8 morality orig9ates 9 ! conflict betwe5 8 own s5se ( duty & its life ( animal in/9ct4#bda ,to con=m to nature1 he mu/ become a brute1 b he has 9 him ideals & capacities transc5d+ x1 & by ex]cis+ ^! capacities 9 pursuit ( 8 ideals he f9ds 8 life4 ,buddha confess$ to an ideal1 & wr\ght h>d to realise x1 b alas = humanity :5 x f9ds no high] ?an self to rev]5ce6 ,buddha's !ories ( self-culture & self-deliv]ance r$uc$ to practice h prov$ mo/ mis]able failures4 ,x c\ld n be o!rwise2 no man is likely to move ! %ip 9 :i* he sits by puff+ away at ! sails1 or to lift himself out ( ! mire by simply pull+ away at 8 boots2 & no philosophy ( self-culture1 self-control1 or self-rescue1 c succe$1 :i* ignores or refuses to ackn[l$ge man's in/9ct ( wor%ip4 ,:at he mo/ ne$s is n law1 n a sy/em ( morality1 n ev5 an example or model to copy1 b inspiration4 ,he kn[s already en\gh to condemn himself1 & he has examples :i*1 ?\gh f> f p]fect1 q suffice to conf\nd him4 ,! comm& to be p]fect mocks him z truly z a comm& to see w\ld mock a man /one-bl9d4 ,:at he does want is a p[]ful moral en]gy )9 him1 = lack ( :i* he has to confess t he _c d ! good he w\ld1 b is ev] do+ ! evil :i* he w\ld n4 ,8 real wret*$ness is n 8 suff]+ & dea?1 n ev5 8 ignorance1 z ,buddha ?\ght1 b ! cont9ual & seem+ly ineffectual /ruggle betwe5 ! animal & ! man1 ! fle% & ! _s4 ,& ,buddhism 0 p[]less to help him "h4 ,x lack$ ! /eady support ( ! s5se ( duty to ! highe/ & be/1 ! inspiration t comes f ! fai? t ! highe/ & be/ is = u1 & is ) u1 & 9 u4 ,belief 9 ,god1 z ,bacon rem9ds u1 is 8ess5tial to ! consci\sness ( our nobility & dignity1 = c]ta9ly man is ( k9 to ! bea/s by 8 body1 & if he be n ( k9 to ,god by 8 _s1 he is a base & ignoble creature40 ,s ,buddhism 9 unduly exalt+ man to ! level ( deity has 9 reality degrad$ him4 ,x has inde$ lift$ wild races out ( b>b>ism1 b x has fail$ to civilise !m4 ,x has c]ta9ly n de/roy$ ignorance1 & ! wor%ip ( intellig5ce has n t5d$ to its developm5t & diffusion among ! peoples :om x has sway$4 ,judg$ ev5 by an ord9>y /&>d1 ! monks ( ei!r ,s\!rn or ,nor!rn ,buddhism are r>ely f\nd to be enlight5$ m51 :ile ! va/ portion ( ! peoples among :om ^! monks are f\nd are ab\t ! mo/ ignorant ( all4 ,& j z c]ta9ly has x fail$ to make m5 free2 = religion is ! gu>antee ( fre$om4 8,:]e !re is no place left 9 human ?\ght = deity1 !re w soon be none f\nd = human lib]ty40#bdb ,! basis ( individual "r is ! recognition ( a div9e & purely moral gov]nm5t ( man4 ,if !re be no high] ?an ! highe/ man reg>d+ u1 we h only ! "r to live "u ! p[] ( ! /ronge/1 & ! reign ( t]ror mu/ succe$ to t ( ord] & law4 ,! hi/ory ( ,buddhism & ! mis]able gov]nm5ts associat$ ) x are tell+ comm5ts ^u & confirmation ( ! tru? t belief 9 ,god is necess>y to secure ! rights ( man4#bdc ,! progress ( ! human race w ev] be 9 proportion to ! /r5g? ( its conviction t x is gov]n$ & consid]$ & su/a9$ by a ,p[] ( inf9ite goodness ev] mak+ = righte\sness4 ,su* a conviction means inspiration1 /imulat+ endurance & hope1 & resolute /ruggle ) evil 9 all its =ms4 ,9 x is impli$ ! assurance t resi/ance c nev] be 9 va91 t failure at ! v wor/ is only p>tial success1 & t all ?+s "w toge!r = good4 ,! "t = ?is gospel _h n come :5 ,buddha call$ ^u ! p ( ,india to 8save !mselves f ?is condition ( wret*$ness10 & ! result ( 8 mighty & b5evol5t ef=ts %[s conv9c+ly h[ urg5t 9 human nature is ! dem& = a ,fai? :i* w n only enlight5 b enliv51 :i*1 recognis+ fully n only ! suff]+s b ! :ole necessities ( man1 & creat+ /rong discont5t ) ! _w z we f9d x1 & ev5 disgu/ ( human life z x is1 w quick5 9 u p]sev]+ & dea?less ef=ts to re=m ! "o & to improve ! o!r4 ,su* a fai? x is our privilege & awful responsibility to communicate4 ,our religion is high] ?an our grasp1 = x is always above u4 ,alas6 9 too _m cases x is high] ?an our aim1 = we are too incl9$ to let x slip1 & drift on ! tides ( ?+s z !y are2 b mank9d w nev] be satisfi$ ) a l[]4 8,aprs l'inv5tion du bl ils ne veul5t pas encore vivre du gl&40 8,we ne$s mu/ love ! highe/ :5 we see x10 & we ne$s mu/ /rive to become l ! highe/ :5 we love x4 ,! gospel prea*es consolation & hope to a suff]+ _w1 & promises grace ^u grace to e endeav\r to heal & am5d its condition4 ,*ri/ purifies & improves ! life :i* we h by de/roy+ only :at is evil1 & by pres]v+ & tra9+ & ennobl+ all t is truly natural4 ,inexorably ,he dem&s ! ext9ction ( selfi%ness 9 all its =ms1 & ,he w n ev5 p]mit u 9 our pray]s to ?9k & ask = ourselves4 ,he rem9ds u t ,god is our ,fa!r 9 heav51 & :at ,he gives is = all ,8 family4 ,/]nly ,he d5\nces z s9ful ! attempt to secure our own happ9ess "h or 9 a bett] _w h]eaft]2 b ,he (f]s ! heav5 & ,nirvana :i* ,he f\nd 9 assum+ ! burd5s ( o!rs1 & 9 be>+ _! cross4 ,s ,he assures u t x is wor? our :ile to live1 ev5 9 a _w groan+ & travail+ ) suff]+1 & t x w be wor? our :ile1 ev5 9 agony if we mu/1 to die4 ,x is inde$ a v evil _w1 b z long z we draw our inspiration f ,him we c live 9 x n only )\t damage b ) great pr(it4 ,:5 we (f] ourselves 9 ,8 /r5g? = its salvation we w be sav$ f its s9s4 ,9 ! times ( our deepe/ di/ress we w h ! peace :i* ,he left u1 & :5 mo/ sev]ely beset & ca/ d[n ) sorr[ because ( :at seems baffl$ endeav\rs1 we h only to ?9k ( t hope ( ultimate victory :i* made ,him to endure to ! end1 to rise into 8t la/ l>ge joy ( all1 ,tru/ 9 ! goodness & ! love ( ,him ,:o1 mak+ s mu* well1 w end all well40 ,footnote #ahj3 ,dh>ma1 an anci5t ,brahman t]m1 mean+ law or ord]2 :at holds ?+s z !y are1 or ought to be4 ,9 lat] ,sanskrit x also means duty & virtue1 i4e4 law p]=m$4--,gif=d ,lectures1 ,natural ,religion1 pp4 #id1 #ie4 ,buddha is also an anci5t ,brahman t]m appli$ to "o :o has atta9$ a p]fect k ( ! ,self4--,satapa?a-brahmana1 xiv4 #g4 #b4 #ag4 ,9 ,buddhism ,dh>ma means ,buddha's doctr9es1 8bodhi10 i4e4 k self-acquir$1 z di/+ui%$ f 8,v$a10 i4e4 revelation obta9able only ?r\gh ! ,brahmans4--,sir ,moni] ,williams' ,buddhism1 p4 #ig4 ,footnote #aha3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 pp4 #bje-bjh2 ,rhys ,davids1 ,buddhism1 p4 #hg2 ,sp5ce ,h>dy1 ,manual ( ,buddhism1 p4 #cge4 ,8 relation to ! philosophical sy/ems ( 8 day is illu/rat$ 9 sev]al ,suttas2 see ,sutta ,nipta1 9 vol4 x4 ,"p ii4 ( ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 pp4 #adh-aeb4 ,evid5tly he reg>d$ !m ) av]sion1 & ev5 contempt4 ,footnote #ahb3 ,le ,b\ddha1 etc41 p4 #gi4 ,! leg5ds indicate t 8 use ( ! v]nacul> 0 matt] ( pr9ciple4 ,two ,brahmans1 8excell+ 9 spee*1 excell+ 9 pronunciation10 compla9$ t ! monks corrupt$ ! ^w ( ! ,buddhas by repeat+ x 9 _! own dialect1 & ask$ p]mission to put x into classical or poli%$ v]se4 8,h[ c y1 ,o fooli% ones1 speak ?us8444 ,y are n1 ,o monks1 to put ! words ( ! ,buddhas into poli%$ 7,sanskrit7 v]se4 ,:osoev] does s %all be guilty ( a dukkata40--,kullavagga1 v4 #cc4 #a2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xx4 ,footnote #ahc3 ,mahp>anibhna ,sutta1 ii4 #a4 #b2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi42 ,mahavagga1 i4 #f4 #ah1 #bg2 ibid4 vol4 xiii4 ,footnote #ahd3 ,n z ! ,no?+1 z ,wuttke tries to %[ 9 ,ges*i*te des ,heid5?ums1 ii4 #aff4 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 p4 #bab4 ,footnote #ahe3 ,samyutta-ka-,nikya1 quot$ by ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 p4 #bag4 ,footnote #ahf3 ,b\ddha et sa ,religion1 p4 iii1 ,introduction4 ,footnote #ahg3 8,! ,mod]n ,buddhi/10 publi%$ 9 ! volume call$ ,! ,:eel ( ! ,law3 ,buddhism illu/rat$ f ,siamese ,s\rces1 by ,h4 ,alaba/]2 ,london1 #ahgf4 ,footnote #ahh3 ,dr4 ,we/cott1 ,social ,aspects ( ,*ri/ianity1 p4 #ab2 ,ari/otle1 ,e?ic41 i4 #a2 iv4 #c4 ,footnote #ahi3 8,! ,mod]n ,buddhi/10 ,alaba/]1 ,:eel ( ! ,law1 p4 #gc2 ,sp5ce ,h>dy1 ,ea/]n ,mona*ism1 pp4 #e1 #cci2 ,gog]ly's translation ( ! ,brahmajala ,sutta 9 ,digha ,nikya1 ,j\rnal ( ,ceylon ,asiatic ,society1 #ahdf4 ,footnote #aij3 ,preface to ,mll]'s ,dhammapada1 p4 xxx1 old ed4 ,footnote #aia3 ,note at pp4 #ca1 #cb ( ,dhammapada 9 vol4 x4 ( ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/4 ,frankfurt]1 ,app4 ,bamp4 ,lect4 #ahha1 p4 #cdi4 ,footnote #aib3 ,rhys ,davids1 ,buddhism1 p4 #ie2 ,sp5ce ,h>dy1 ,manual ( ,buddhism1 p4 #chh2 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 quot+ ,bhikkuni ,samyutta1 p4 #beh2 ,colebrooke's ,essays1 vol4 i4 p4 #dag1 ,c[ell's edition2 ,sabbasava ,sutta1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab3 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 ,footnote #aic3 ,life ( ,gaudama1 fir/ ed41 p4 #cba note2 ,rangoon1 #ahff4 ,footnote #aid3 ,max ,mll]1 introd4 to ,buddago%a's ,p>ables1 p4 xxx1 ed4 #ahgj4 ,footnote #aie3 ,! fir/ traces ( ?is belief are f\nd1 x is said1 9 ! ,upani%ads1 ,brihadranyaka1 iii4 #b4 #a1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xv4 p4 #abf2 ,dhammapada1 v4 #a4 #abg1 ibid4 vol4 x4 ,"p i4 #c4 #ce4 ,footnote #aif3 ,rhys ,davids1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #id2 also 8 ,manual ( ,buddhism1 pp4 #ajj1 #ajf4 ,footnote #aig3 8,all t we are is ! result ( :at we h ?\ght2 x is f\nd$ on our ?\ghts1 x is made up ( our ?\ghts4 ,if a man speaks or acts ) an evil ?\ght 7or pollut$ m9d71 suff]+ foll[s him z ! :eel foll[s ! foot ( ! ox t draws ! wa90 7,dhammapada1 #a74 8,n 9 ! sky1 n 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea1 n if we ent] ! cleft ( ! m\nta9s1 is !re kn[n a spot 9 ! :ole _w :]e a man might be fre$ f an evil de$0 7,dhammapada1 #abg2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x474 ,footnote #aih3 8,l'a?isme dev5u religion et rec\v]t du manteau des v]tus *rti5nes40--,wassilief1 ,buddhism1 introd4 by ,e4 ,lab\laye1 p4 viii4 ,footnote #aii3 ,pr(essor ,dods1 ,mohamm$1 ,buddha1 & ,*ri/1 p4 #aga4 ,footnote #bjj3 ,nagasna's figure us$ 9 controv]t+ ! idea ( ! sep>ate exi/5ce ( ! s\l4--,mil9dapanha1 p4 #be1 quot$ by ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 p4 #bed2 ,h>dy1 ,manual1 p4 #dbe2 ,rhys ,davids1 ,buddhism1 p4 #if4 ,footnote #bja3 ,old5b]g1 op4 cit41 #bba4 ,footnote #bjb3 ,pha$o1 ,j[ett's ,introd41 i4 #djg1 ed4 #ahge4 ,footnote #bjc3 ,preface to ,engli% translation ( ! ,lalita ,vi/>a2 ,calcutta4 ,footnote #bjd3 ,sutta ,nipta2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 pp4 #cc1 #hj4 ,footnote #bje3 ,buddha1 etc41 pp4 #bgd-bhd2 ,rhys ,davids1 ,buddhism1 pp4 #aaa-abc4 ,footnote #bjf3 ,*ild]s1 ,pali ,diction>y1 ,art4 ,,nirvana4 ,footnote #bjg3 ,dr4 ,kellogg1 9 8 ,light ( ,asia & ,light ( ! ,_w1 pp4 #bbc1 #beb1 prote/s v =cibly aga9/ ! use by translators ( ! ^w 8immortality0 z ! equival5t ( ,nirvana4 ,x meant1 z he rem9ds u1 8! end ( dea? inde$1 b n because life _h triumph$1 b because1 life hav+ ceas$1 dea? _h no?+ to fe$ on40 ,immortality1 endless bliss1 & k9dr$ phrases1 appli$ to x1 are only ju/ifiable by ! popul> b really un-,buddhi/ic use ( ! ^w ,nirvana4 ,footnote #bjh3 ,isaiah xxxii4 #aa2 ,james iii4 #ah4 ,footnote #bji3 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 pp4 #ig1 #bbc4 ,footnote #baj3 8,n to "k suff]+1 n to "k ! cause ( suff]+1 n to "k ! pa? t leads to ! cessation ( suff]+--?is is call$ ,ignorance40 ,consequ5tly k ( ^! ?+s is sav+ k4--,mahavagga1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xiii4 p4 #ge1 note #b4 ,footnote #baa3 ,?is ?reefold division or 8doorway0 7,h>dy1 ,manual1 p4 #dia71 once consid]$ by ,web] to be peculi> to ,buddhism1 has be5 prov$ to be common to ,brahmans1 ,p]sians1 ,jews1 & ,greeks1 z well z ,*ri/ians4 ,see int]e/+ note at pp4 #bh1 #bi1 ( vol4 x4 ( ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 ,"p i4 ,footnote #bab3 ,dr4 ,fairbairn1 ,/udies 9 ,religion & ,philosophy1 p4 #afa4 ,footnote #bac3 ,dhamma4 ,sutta1 #b-d2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 pp4 #adf1 #adg2 ,mahavagga1 i4 #f4 #ag-bj2 ibid4 vol4 xiii4 pp4 #id1 #ie4 ,footnote #bad3 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 p4 #abd4 ,footnote #bae3 ,frankfurt]1 ,app4 to ,wordswor?'s ,bampton ,lectures on ,! ,"o ,religion1 p4 #cdh2 ,sutta ,nipta1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 p4 #fi4 ,footnote #baf3 ,p5ses1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cd2 vol4 i4 p4 #bje2 ed4 ,faugre4 ,footnote #bag3 ,sp5ce ,h>dy1 ,manual ( ,buddhism1 p4 #ejf4 ,footnote #bah3 ,sutta ,nipta1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 pp4 #cc1 #df1 #fg2 ,dhammapada1 #bhd4 ,footnote #bai3 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 pp4 #fj1 #fa4 ,footnote #bbj3 ,mahp>anibhna ,sutta1 cap4 iv4 #d2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 ,footnote #bba3 ,sa9t-,hilaire1 ,le ,b\ddha1 etc41 pp4 #adi1 #aec1 #afa4 ,footnote #bbb3 ,wordswor?1 ,bampton ,lectures on ,! ,"o ,religion1 p4 #ia4 ,footnote #bbc3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 p4 #bhi4 ,footnote #bbd3 ,meta ,sutta1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 p4 #be4 ,footnote #bbe3 ,see ! /ory giv5 9 ,mahavagga1 x4 #b4 #c-bj2 also ! /ory ( ,kunala1 ,asoka's son--?is latt] said by ,burn\f1 9 8 ,introduction1 to be ( mod]n orig94 ,quot$ by ,old5b]g1 p4 #bij4 ,footnote #bbf3 ,s ,dr4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,buddhism1 p4 #abf4 ,fausbll translates1 8,n cultivat+ ! society (10 etc4 7,sutta ,nipta1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 pp4 #dc1 #dd47 ,footnote #bbg3 ,dr4 ,edk9s1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 p4 #bjd4 ,footnote #bbh3 ,dhammapada1 #aeg-h-i1 #cgi-hj2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 i4 ,footnote #bbi3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 9 ! ,introduction to 8 translation ( ! ,keto ,khila ,sutta 7,b>r5ness & ,bondage71 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 p4 #bbb1 says t 9 read+ x he 0 irresi/ibly rem9d$ ( #b ,pet] i4 #e-i4 ,! b>r5ness ref]r$ to 9 ! ,sutta is lack ( successful ef=t to be free f 8! ,t5 ,fett]s0 :i* b9d man to exi/5ce1 *ief ( :i* is hank]+ aft] immortality 9 any =m1 or )\t =m4 ,h[ contra/$ is ?is to ,/4 ,pet]'s ?\ght6 8,give dilig5ce to provide 9 y\r fai? e>ne/ness10 t x may be an ov]com+ fai?2 b z fai? )\t k is sup]/ition1 & e>ne/ness misdirect$ w d h>m1 provide 9 e>ne/ness 8k02 & z k ungov]n$ w deg5]ate into conceit1 provide 9 x 8temp]ance02 b temp]ance mu/ be inspir$ ) 8pati5ce10 b5t on ,god's glory1 n p]sonal ga92 8godl9ess0 ?us atta9$1 8bro!rly k9dness0 w manife/ itself1 & !n 8*>ity0 t[>d e creature--t is ! grace ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! summum bonum1 ! k 9 :i* we are nei!r to be b>r5 nor unfruitful4 ,no m =cible illu/ration ( ! utt] contradiction betwe5 ! two religions c\ld be f\nd ?an ?is v]bal analogy ( 8b>r5ness & bondage40 ,footnote #bcj3 ,comp>e ,/4 ,paul1 ,phil4 iv4 #h3 8,f9ally1 bre?r51 :atsoev] ?+s are true1 :atsoev] ?+s are hon\rable1 :atsoev] ?+s are j1 :atsoev] ?+s are pure1 :atsoev] ?+s are lovely1 :atsoev] ?+s are graci\s2 if !re be any virtue1 if !re be any praise1 ?9k on ^! ?+s40 ,footnote #bca3 ,dhamma-,kakka-ppavattana ,sutta1 #f1 note2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 p4 #adh4 ,footnote #bcb3 ,dhammapada1 #bci2 ibid4 vol4 x4 p4 #a4 ,footnote #bcc3 ,akankheya ,sutta2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 p4 #baj4 ,footnote #bcd3 ,if ! leg5ds are to be foll[$1 he believ$ 9 ! miracul\s p[] :i* result$ f x 7see ,mahp>anibhna ,sutta1 i4 #cc1 & iii4 #bb2 also ,mahavagga1 i4 #bj4 #bd71 b he condemn$ ! ex]cise ( t p[] = self-glorification or = paltry ga9 7,kullavagga1 v4 #h4 #b2 also vii4 #a1 #b1 #c2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vols4 xi4 xii4 xiii474 ,footnote #bce3 ,see ,g\gh1 ,philosophy ( ! ,upani%ads1 pp4 #bfg1 #bfh4 ,footnote #bcf3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 p4 #cad4 ,footnote #bcg3 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 p4 #ce4 ,footnote #bch3 ,sa9t-,hilaire1 ,le ,b\ddha1 etc41 p4 #afb4 ,footnote #bci3 ,mr4 ,alaba/]1 ,:eel ( ! ,law1 preface1 p4 xvi4 ,footnote #bdj3 ,eitel1 ,lectures on ,buddhism1 pp4 #ei-gj2 ,sa9t-,hilaire1 ,le ,b\ddha1 p4 #aef4 ,footnote #bda3 ,jackson's ,bampton ,lectures1 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,retribution1 p4 #bhd2 ,caird's ,philosophy ( ,religion1 ,croall ,lectures1 pp4 #bei seq4 ,footnote #bdb3 ,sa9t-,hilaire1 ,le ,b\ddha1 p4 xxiii2 ,h>dy's ,ea/]n ,mona*ism1 p4 #cab4 ,footnote #bdc3 8,prefix ! "n ( ,god to ?is ,decl>ation0 7( ! ,rights ( ,man71 said ,abb ,grgoire to ! ,national ,assembly 9 #aghi1 8or y leave x )\t f\ndation1 & make "r ! equival5t ( =ce40 ,! ,assembly refus$1 b ev5ts soon confirm$ 8 judgm5t4--,b>+ ,g\ld1 ,developm5t ( ,belief1 vol4 ii4 p4 #hh4 ,,lecture ,v4 ,,! ,,buddhi/ ,,sangha#bdd3 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,*ur*4 ,! designation 8,*ur*10 nev] :olly applicable to ,buddhism 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,*ri/ians employ x1 0 totally inapplicable to ! primitive ,buddhi/ communities4 ,! in/itution ( ! ,*ur* is peculi> to ,*ri/ianity1 = ?\gh we speak ( ! wor%ip ( ,kri%na1 or ! religion ( ,baal1 we nev] speak ( ! *ur* ( ! "o or ! o!r4 ,*ri/ianity is ! only religion :i* has creat$ a society :i* no political revolution c de/roy1 & no civilisation1 h[ev] advanc$1 c outlive4 ,x may *ange its =m1 or express itself 9 sev]al co-exi/5t =ms2 b x is s adapt$ to ! nature & necessities ( man t x is prop]ly describ$1 9 its relation to 8 pres5t condition1 z div9e & ev]la/+4 ,?\gh ! ,*ur* is ! creation ( ,*ri/ & ! fruit ( ,8 mission1 ! idea ( x _h be5 sugge/$ to ! _w long ages be=e ,he came4 8,ecclesia0 is peculi>ly a ,new ,te/am5t ^w1 b !re are f\nd 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ,scriptures pla9 =e%ad[+s ( ! reality repres5t$ by x4 ,9 ,abraham1 8call$0 out f 8 c\ntry & k9dr$1 t he might be sep>at$ unto ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah1 we h ! fir/ pre-intimation ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 relation to o!r nations1 8 desc5dants 7 ! 8peculi> p0 & ,ecclesia ( ,jehovah1 & :5 z a nation !y fail$ to embody & express ! univ]sal tru?s1 :i* x is ! ,*ur*'s function to communicate = ! bless+ ( all ! _w1 !re 0 call$ out f !m1 or r !re 0 =m$ )9 !m1 8! remnant10 s (t5 ref]r$ to by ,isaiah & ! subsequ5t prophets2 & 9 ?is spiritual community & fell[%ip1 dissociat$ f ! national religion1#bde 7 cons]v$ & p]petuat$ ! tru?s & ideals f :i* !y _h fall5 away4 ,aft] ! ,captivity1 9 ! rise ( ! synagogue sy/em ( wor%ip1 !re 0 provid$ an organisation1 ^: ess5tial details ,*ri/ & ,8 apo/les 9 in/itut+ ! ,*ur* c\ld ei!r adopt or copy2 & !re c be no "q t f out ?is synagogue sy/em ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* em]g$1 & t ev5 to-day x reflects "s ( its peculi> features4 ,! ,*ur* 0 ! fruit ( ,*ri/ianity1 b ! ,sangha 0 ! root out ( :i* ,buddhism sprang4 ,9 a ,sangha its f\nd] liv$ & le>n$ & taught1 till z ,buddha he f\nd$ 8 own2 b j z he gave a new significance to ! doctr9es 9 :i* he _h be5 in/ruct$1 s he gave ! ,sangha an application :i* acc\nts =1 ?\gh x does n ju/ify1 ! designation (t5 accord$ to x ( a *ur*4 ,z an ord] )\t wor%ip1 a bro!rhood )\t any recognition ( ! unit+ ,fa!rhood 9 heav51 a confrat]nity 9 :i* s5iority 0 assign$ only to age1#bdf & ^: lead]s nev] pret5d$ to hold any prie/ly (fice or to ex]cise any hi]>*ical au?ority1 ! ,sangha at fir/ & = long 0 n a *ur*2 yet :5 we exam9e its con/itution & aims we ne$ n wond] t ! religi\s in/9cts ( ,buddhi/s1 prov+ /rong] ?an _! cre$1 %\ld h develop$ _! ,sangha into some?+ l a *ur*1 ) a cult :i*1 at fir/ consi/+ only ( v5]ation = 8 images & relics1 = long has be5 almo/ second to none 9 ! _w = solemnity & dignity & pomp4#bdg ,we h se5 t philosophic s*ools & religi\s sects orig9at+ 9 secessions f ! national religion ab\nd$ 9 ,india long be=e ,buddha's day4 ,9 ! ,gangetic valley1 z 9 ,greece1 ! new sages attract$ _! disciples by ! fame ( _! tea*+1 b !re1 n z 9 ,greece1 ! disciples liv$ ) _! ma/]s ap>t1 & di/+ui%$ f ! _w by peculi> dress & mann]s4 ,( ,mona*ism1 an e>ly outgr[? ( ,h9du religion1 & inde$ its ess5tial adjunct1 z be+ ! /ate :i* m>k$ ! maturity & completion ( a good man's e>?ly life1 !re 7 already _m =ms1 all held 9 high respect by ! p4 ,celibacy & m5dicancy 7 common to all ,sanghas1 b 9 reg>d to v[s ( sil5ce1 & fa/+1 & self-torture1 !y diff]$ greatly f "o ano!r4 ,! majority ( !m 7 ,brahman 9 _! con/itution & 9 _! recognition ( ca/e3 b long be=e ! rise ( ,buddhism ! ,sraman frat]nities1 f\nd$ on ! non-recognition ( ca/e1 7 q equal to ! pure/ ,brahman ones 9 public e/eem4 ,n[ 9 organis+ ! ,sakya-putta-,samanas1 ! designation by :i* 8 disciples 7 fir/ kn[n by ! p1 ,buddha adopt$ _m features & details ( discipl9e common to all ^! frat]nities1 :ile yet ! peculi>ity ( 8 doctr9es gave to ! community ( 8 own disciples a "* q di/9ctive4 ,! ,brahman ,ord]s believ$ t ,brahmans only c\ld be f9ally sav$1 & ,brahman re=m]s c\ld only enc\rage inf]ior ca/es t came to !m = enlight5m5t by ! hope ( possibly secur+ a high] bir? 9 a future /ate4 ,buddha1 h[ev]1 consid]$ all m5 alike 9 respect ( ne$1 s1 kn[+ ( only "o way ( deliv]ance1 he proclaim$ x )\t di/9ction1 &1 l ! ,sramans1 he op5$ 8 ,sangha to all :o 7 will+ to submit to 8 discipl9e4 ,unlike _m ( ! ,sraman frat]nities1 he disc\rag$ ! life ( solitude1 & prohibit$ ! practice ( self-torture & sev]e au/]ities4 ,9 opposition to ! hat$ ,niggan?as1 :o1 aim+ at p]fection1 w5t ab\t ) only ! light & air = _! clo?+1 he insi/$ t 8 disciples %\ld be dec5tly clad4#bdh ,9 respect t he requir$ ob$i5ce f disciples only z long z !y cont9u$ to be s1 & w\ld n p]mit irrevocable v[s--inde$1 exact$ f !m no v[ at all--8 ,sangha 0 m l "s ,anglican guild ?an any mona/ic in/itution ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,/ill m widely did x diff]1 n only f _m1 b f all ! exi/+ frat]nities 9 ! purpose = :i* he in/itut$ x4 ,hi!rto ,india _h nev] witness$ a religi\s sect t c\ld be call$ propag&i/4 ,brahmanism 0 ess5tially exclusive1 = no man c\ld become a ,brahman by conv]sion4 ,! ,sraman sages aga91 left ! masses to rip5 9 evil ways = worse lives 9 m degrad$ sph]es ( future exi/5ce1 9 ord] to deliv] !mselves by ascetic practices & m$itation4 ,at be/ !y taught ^? :o resort$ to !m1 & 7 prep>$ to consort ) !m4 ,buddha1 h[ev]1 by lay+ ^u ! bre?r5 ! obligation ( ext5d+ ! k ( ! law1 inaugurat$ a revolution 9 ! mona/ic sy/em :i* anticipat$ t ( ! great ,m5dicant ,ord]s ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,j z ,/4 ,francis empti$ ! mona/]ies & s5t =? _! inmates to f9d _! own 9 seek+ ! salvation ( o!rs1 s ,buddha broke d[n ! b>ri]s betwe5 ! ,indian recluses & ! _w1 by orda9+ ! memb]s ( 8 ,sangha to tea* _! fell[-m5 ! way to lib]ty4 8,!re=e1 ,o bre?r51 to :om ! tru?s :i* ,i h p]ceiv$ h be5 made kn[n by me1 hav+ ?or\ghly ma/]$ !m1 m$itate ^u !m1 practise !m1 spread !m abroad1 9 ord] t ! pure ,dhamma may la/ long & be p]petuat$1 9 ord] t x may cont9ue to be = ! good & happ9ess ( ! great multitude1 out ( pity = ! _w1 to ! good1 & ga91 & weal ( gods & m540#bdi ,?is 0 ! orig9al elem5t#bej 9 8 conception1 & :ile "o ( its effects 0 to save ! memb]s ( ! ,sangha f "s ( ! evils besett+ ! life ( ! recluse by balanc+ ! duty ( contemplation by t ( active it9]ation1 its *ief & imm$iate result 0 to give ,buddhism an expansive p[] m>vell\s to ,indians4 ,religi\s frat]nities dep5d$ ^u ! pres5ce ( _! tea*]s1 & consequ5tly ! memb]s 7 few1 b ,buddha comm&$ ! bre?r5 to g =?4 8,let n two ( y g ! same way0 0 ! orig9al in/ruction1 & prea* ! doctr9e 8:i* is glori\s 9 ! beg9n+1 glori\s 9 ! middle1 glori\s 9 ! end1 9 ! _s & 9 ! lett]1 = ! pure & p]fect life1 = ! complete cessation ( sorr[40#bea ,by & by ^! mission>ies 7 au?oris$ to receive ^? :o desir$ admission into ! ,sangha1 & aft] a due novitiate to orda9 !m2#beb & s we ne$ n wond] t ?is it9]acy1 :i* 9 ! e>lie/ days 0 ! v ess5ce ( a good ,buddhi/'s duty1 %\ld h _h ! effect ( spread+ ! doctr9es & ga!r+ conv]ts s rapidly t 9 "s ( ! e>lie/ extant scriptures ! ,sangha 0 kn[n z 8! ,bro!rhood ( ! ,f\r ,qu>t]s0#bec ( :at to ,indian ?\ght 0 ! _w4 ,?us f> ! ,sangha 0 diff]5t f ! in/itutions t prec$$ x1 b1 unlike ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 :i* f9ally em]g$ f ,judaism z ! "o holy ,*ur* ( all nations & ( bo? sexes1 & ( all classes ( m51 ! ,buddhi/ ,sangha bore ) x1 & nev] lo/1 sev]al m>ks ( its ,h9du orig94 ,"o relic ( its extraction x mo/ zeal\sly cons]v$ z ess5tial to ! moral re/ra9t :i* x enc\rag$2 = ?\gh lat] on x attract$ associates :om x recognis$ z 9 ! ways ( deliv]ance1 x 0 f ! v fir/ an exclusively mona/ic ord]4 ,inde$1 ,mona*ism1 or ! life ( retirem5t1 privation1 & *a/ity1 _h 9 ,buddhism a place q diff]5t f t :i* x occupi$ 9 ,brahmanism4#bed ,! m$itative ,brahman an*orite 0 n consid]$ ! only man :o 0 9 ! way to deliv]ance1 = e believ] 9 ,brahman asc5d5cy 0 free to *oose "o ( ?ree ways ( secur+ salvation1#bee b 9 ,buddhism r5unciation ( ! _w repres5t$ ! highe/ =m ( religion1 & ! indisp5sable condition ( rea*+ ,nirvana4 ,s1 ?\gh 9 op5+ ! ,sangha to all classes1 & proclaim+1 9 opposition to ,brahmanism1 t e man 0 capable ( ! highe/ enlight5m5t1 ,buddha sapp$ ! f\ndation ( ca/e1 x 0 only to replace x 9 ano!r =m4#bef ,! m5dicant monk1 z has be5 truly obs]v$1 took ! ,brahman's place1 & = him alone ,nirvana 0 res]v$4 ,s %>ply def9$ 7 ! l9es :i* divid$ ! ,sangha f ! re/ ( mank9d1 t no "o :o _h n come out f ! _w 0 reg>d$ z 9 x & ( x4 ,?is 0 q 9 keep+ ) ! ,buddhi/ conception ( deliv]ance4 ,! ,sangha simply 0 an attempt to realise ! idea & purpose ( ! cre$4 ,salvation accord+ to ,*ri/ meant rescue f ! p[] ( evil1 b n )drawal f ! _w z s incurably evil t ! soon] man got out ( x ! bett]4 ,in/ead ( mak+ ,8 ,*ur* an asylum & refuge f ! _w1 ,he organis$ x = ! r$emption ( ! _w4 ,in/ead ( attempt+ to de/roy civil society1 ,he aim$ at its purification by ! leav5+ influ5ce ( ! new society :i* ,he 0 creat+4 ,! ,*ur* 0 to be ,*ri/'s witness :5 ,he 0 no long] visible1 ! in/rum5t by :i* ,8 own p[] w\ld be> ^u ! wants ( mank9d4 ,! slav]y & ! degradation ( society1 ! de/ruction ( ! _w1 0 nev] meant to be ! condition ( ! exi/5ce or ( ! lib]ty & dignity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x 0 b a means to an end1 a means s ess5tial t )\t x ! end c\ld n be rea*$1 b1 once ! end has be5 rea*$1 ! ,*ur* w be sup]s$$1 or r w be m]g$ 9 ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,s ! v symbol ( x is n f\nd 9 ! apocalyptic visions ( ! new heav5 & ! new e>?4 ,9 ! civitas ( ! new ,j]usalem ,/4 ,john saw families & nations & k+doms1 b he c\ld see no temple !re91 = ! in/rum5tality ( :i* ! temple 0 ! symbol _h done its "w 9 ! emancipation & education ( ! human race1 & _h vani%$ into ! m glori\s & et]nal realities ( ! ?rone ( ,god & ( ! ,lamb4 ,9 ,buddhism we f9d a set ( ideas q contradictory to all ^!4 ,! ,sangha 0 ! vehicle ( rescue f out ! _w1 n ! br+] ( salvation to x2 x work$ n = ! reg5]ation ( society1 b = its dis9tegration & de/ruction4 ,x consid]$ ! _w to be s hopelessly incurable1 & ev5 exi/5ce to be s weight$ ) mis]y1 t wisdom w\ld move m5 to ab&on ! "o to its fate1 & goodness impel !m to /rive to br+ ! o!r to an end4 ,! mona/]y1 !re=e1 0 naturally its l(tie/ conception ( ! ,civitas ,dei1 & into t x endeav\r$ to trans=m z l>ge a section ( humanity z 0 incl9$ to accept its law4 ,?is unnatural !ory ( life indicates ! ess5tial weakness ( ,buddhism1 & makes its hi/ory v in/ructive to ,*ri/ians4 ,9 ! ,*ur*1 p]haps1 room may be accord$ to ! mona/]y & conv5t1 z long z !y are sanctifi$ by ! ,*ri/ian idea ( self-abnegation 9 ! s]vice ( o!rs1 b ! attempt to trans=m ! ,*ur* into a mona/]y1 dom9at$ by ! ,buddhi/ idea ( abnegation ( ! _w = ! sake ( self1 c only create unmitigat$ evil4 ,! effect ( x 9 primitive ,buddhism 0 n only to )draw good m5 f ! _w at ! v "t :5 its diseas$ condition mo/ requir$ ! help ( _! pres]v+ salt1 b ! salt itself1 n be+ us$ = its natural & prop] purpose1 soon lo/ its sav\r4 ,! sub/itution ( an artificial = a natural /&>d ( excell5ce inevitably t5ds to de/roy ev5 virtue4 ,v soon 9 ! ,sanghas active it9]acy & dev\t contemplation gave way to li/less indol5ce & en]vat+ rev]ie1 & !re em]g$ a mode ( life f :i* ! great mass ( heal?y m5 w ev] revolt1 z sanction+ ! idea t ! m useless we become 9 ?is _w ! m fitt$ = a bett] we may safely consid] ourselves to be4 ,! ,buddhi/ ,sangha1 !re=e1 ?\gh 9 no s5se resembl+ ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 does resemble "s ( its aft]-gr[?s4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 mu/ be reg>d$ z p>asitical 9 _! nature1 = ?\gh f$ by its life1 !y d n spr+ f its root4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity1 ,mona*ism repres5ts a t5d5cy ( human nature incid5tal to its developm5t r ?an ! ess5tial fruit ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciple2 b ! ,buddhi/ idea ( a true society is "o ess5tially & completely mona/ic4 ,?is "o fact is suffici5t to %[ t ! simil>ities discov]able betwe5 ! ,buddhi/ & ,*ri/ian in/itutions are m app>5t ?an real1 :ile ! contra/s betwe5 !m are f\nd to be deep] & m sub/antial ! m !y are exam9$4 ,! mona*ism ( ,*ri/ianity orig9at$1 x is said1 9 ! endeav\r to reproduce ! ideal ( excell5ce repres5t$ 9 ! life ( ,jesus4 ,9 ! life ( ,jesus !re 0 no?+ mona/ic4 ,?\gh ,he appe>$ 9 ! l& ( ! ,ess5es1 ?\gh h]ald$ by a solit>y ascetic1 ?\gh ! age 0 "o ( univ]sal defection1 :5 because ( its corruption x seem$ impossible to live a man's life 9 society1 ,jesus liv$ freely 9 ! _w z ,he f\nd x1 & laid ,8 bless+ on all ( x t 0 natural1 & on all ( x t 0 necess>y4 ,he did n refuse to enjoy any ( ! good gifts ( ,god2 ,he w>n$ u aga9/ despis+ or ?r[+ !m away1 ?\gh ,he ask$ u to be ready1 :5 love calls1 to let !m g1 or rel9qui% !m = ! good ( o!rs4 ,he gave ,himself :olly to ,8 mission1 & ,he took no ?\ght = ! morr[4 ,if ,he call$ ,8 apo/les f _! secul> call+s1 x 0 n because su* call+s h9d]$ _! own salvation1 b because1 )drawn f !m = love ( ,god & man1 !y w\ld be fre] to s]ve ! _w4 ,we h int]pret$ ! ,apo/olate z express+ ,8 desire t 9 ! ,*ur* !re w always be an ord] devot$ specially to ! s]vice ( religion1 b ?is =m ( s]vice 0 nev] meant to be reg>d$ z ! only religi\s s]vice4 ,if "o call+ is consecrat$1 x is z "o day is consecrat$1 t all may be sanctifi$ !reby4 ,! _w 0 nev] r5\nc$ by ! apo/les t !y might "w out _! own salvation2 & if !y 8ex]cis$0 !mselves x 0 because self-control fitt$ !m to r5d] m valuable s]vice = man's r$emption4 ,! mission>y zeal :i* drove ! memb]s ( ! ,primitive ,*ur* all ov] ! _w to s[ ! se$s ( tru? & love made !m take no ?\ght ( :at !y %\ld eat or :at !y %\ld dr9k2 & mission>y zeal all ?r\gh ! ,*ri/ian ages has manife/$ ! same indiff]5ce to ! ( exi/5ce2 b ^? :o h be5 mo/ inspir$ by x1 & :o h f\nd no?+ impracticable 9 foll[+ ! mann] ( life :i* our ,"l ,himself l$1 h nev] deem$ x ! only way1 or ev5 ! highe/ way1 ( ,*ri/ian s]vice4 ,x 0 t to :i* !y felt inw>dly mov$ & call$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 &1 l ! apo/les1 !y exhort$ all o!rs to abide 9 ! call+s :]e9 !y 7 call$4 ,primitive ,*ri/ianity1 l any o!r religion1 0 susceptible to morbid affections1 & ! g]ms ( disease ) :i* ! atmosph]e ar\nd x 0 *>g$ f\nd e>ly a lodgm5t )9 x1 & soon matur$ into port5t\s f]tility4 ,! p]secutions ( ! ,*ur*1 ! t]rible corruption ( ! _w1 ! tr\bles & temptations consequ5t on ! fir/ junction ( ,*ri/ianity ) ! ,imp]ial ,p[]1 ! mi/ak5 idea t ! _w :i* ! ,*ur* _h manife/ly fail$ to trans=m1 or ev5 pres]ve1 0 doom$1 & t ,*ri/ 0 spe$ily com+ 9 ,8 glory to judge x1 /r5g!n$ ! ascetic t5d5cy to come out & be sep>ate f x4#beg ,by ! end ( ! ?ird c5tury ! des]ts ( ,egypt & ,arabia1 & ! m\nta9s ( ,asia ,m9or1 7 s peopl$ ) recluses t 9 "o spot alone !re 7 t5 ?\s& m5 & tw5ty ?\s& wom54 ,at ! close ( ano!r c5tury ,mona*ism _h a home 9 e prov9ce ( ! ,ori5tal ,*ur*1 & monks & nuns =m$ 8a nation10 z di/9ct f ! cl]gy z ! cl]gy 7 f ! common believ]s1 & 9 _m in/ances !y 7 hat$ & p]secut$ by cl]gy & laity alike4#beh ,! orig9al purpose ( ! f\nd]s ( ! new in/itution1 h[ev]1 0 n to %elt] my/ics & vision>ies1 b to tra9 soldi]s & m>tyrs4 ,solitude 0 n int5d$ to be an asylum = ! weak1 or an infirm>y = ! diseas$1 b an ar5a = ! tra9+ & te/+ ( a?letes4 8,come10 says ,*ryso/om1#bei 8& see ! t5ts ( ! soldi]s ( ,*ri/4 ,come1 behold _! ord] ( battle40 ,augu/9e also ref]s to !m z 8milites ,*ri/i10 ev5 z lat] on !y 7 designat$ z 8! *ivalry ( ! ,*ur*0 & 8! palad9s ( ,god40 ,?\gh n ( ! _w1 & be+ above its ways1 !y 7 yet 9 x & = x4 ,s ^! retreats 7 n only te*nical s*ools1 repres5t+ ! indu/ries ess5tial to ! well-be+ ( man2 !y 7 also academies = sacr$ /udies1 f :i* w5t =? *ampions l ,a?anasius to def5d ! fai? aga9/ ! h]etic1 & l ,basil to def5d ! ,*ur* aga9/ ! ,empire4 ,!y 7 also bro!rhoods ( *>ity1 9 :i* 9 self-impos$ au/]ities m5 grew t5d] 9 respect = ! mis]ies ( o!rs1 & anticipat$ 9 mu* m unfav\rable times ! hospitals = 8sick *ildr50 & 8lep]s0 & 8incurables10 :i* we are incl9$ to reg>d z ! peculi> products ( ! late/ ,*ri/ian c5turies4#bfj ,( c\rse1 e>ly ,*ri/ian ,mona*ism _h its ridicul\s extravagances1 9 types l ! ,/ylites & ,br[s]s2 & ( c\rse ev5 its sob]] types soon deg5]at$ ?r\gh ov] cultivation1 till x became a great] h9drance to ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity ?an all ext]nal opposition & p]secution4 ,! _s ( piety :i* x orig9at$ 0 spe$ily poison$ by sup]/ition2 !ological discussion supplant$ ! love ( e>ne/ /udy2 ! _s ( ob$i5ce & loyalty 0 sup]s$$ by t ( intrigue & revolt4 ,s ?\gh x spread1 x 0 n z a contagion ( heal?1 b z an infecti\s disease1 ^: evil effects are traceable 9 ! decrepitude :i* ! ,ori5tal ,*ur* has nev] be5 able to ?r[ (f4 ,9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur*1 ,mona*ism1 ?\gh less brilliant 9 its beg9n+s ?an its ,ea/]n precursor1 has _h a long] & heal?i] c\rse4 ,x is n )9 ! scope ( ?is lecture ev5 to sket* x1 or to analyse & tabulate its results4 ,we live 9 an age :i* has c]ta9ly little sympa?y ) ! ideal ( ,*ri/ianity :i* x s\ght to realise1 b t is n suffici5t reason t we %\ld affect to despise x1 or imag9e t we h outgr[n ! necessity = x4 ,! life ( ! recluse may be beyond our atta9m5t1 = we may be s afraid to be alone1 & s unable to endure 8conv]sation ) ourselves10 t we h to take refuge 9 p]petual society4 ,! 8weakness0 ( ! old asceticism _m ( u h n ! /r5g? to practise1 = we are too mu* "u ! dom9ion ( ! fle%1 :i* !y at lea/ c\ld ma/]1 & we are f> too incl9$ to treat ) unnecess>y t5d]ness :at !y *a/is$ & immolat$4 ,! v[s ( pov]ty & ob$i5ce & *a/ity may be ! v m$ic9e we require1 9 a condition ( public s5tim5t s unheal?y t a man's /&+1 & wor?1 & ev5 life1 seems to consi/ 9 ! abundance ( 8 goods1 & 8 fre$om 9 lic5ce to despise all au?ority & indulge all 8 lik+s4 ,no d\bt1 9 ! ,we/ z 9 ! ,ea/1 ,mona*ism ev5tually became an imp$im5t to ,*ri/ian civilisation1 b n until x _h consid]ably reg5]at$ & uplift$ x4 ,x kept be=e ! ,*ur* ! dignity ( manual lab\r1 x wip$ out ! discr$it atta*+ to hone/ pov]ty1 x proclaim$ ! equality ( m5 by treat+ ri* & poor alike1 & x prov$ ! def5d] ( ! oppress$1 ! m$iator betwe5 ! /rong & ! feeble4 8,we are ! poor ( ,*ri/10 says ,b]n>d1 8& ! fri5d%ip ( ! poor makes u ! equals ( k+s40 ,!n j z unque/ionably x 0 ! pione] ( le>n+ & ( ent]prise1 ! gu>dian ( law & ! fo/]] ( *>ity4 ,!re is h>dly a city or popul\s c5tre 9 ,europe :i* does n owe its *ur*es1 univ]sities1 hospitals1 *>itable in/itutions1 ei!r 9 _! orig9 or gr[?1 to ! cnobites & celibates ( =m] ages2 & :e!r we ackn[l$ge or repudiate our debt to !m1 8its magnitude confronts u m impos+ly ! m we hone/ly consid] x40 ,b l all unnatural segregations ( human be+s f society1 = :i* man 0 made1 ,mona*ism ev]y:]e became ev5tually an excuse = indol5ce & misan?ropy2 a refuge = ! melan*oly1 & = all :o _h become unfit to s]ve ei!r ! _w or ! ,*ur*4 ,its :ole hi/ory 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has ju/ifi$ ! w>n+ ( ,/4 ,paul aga9/ artificial me?ods ( atta9+ to sa9tl9ess4 ,! vices :i* beset society nev] lo/ any ( _! p[] ov] ! recluses ( ! des]t or ! inmates ( ! mona/]y1 :ile _m o!r vices 7 add$ to ! ho/ t assail$ ! solit>y1 undef5d$ by 8 fell[s4#bfa 8,woe to him t is alone1 = :5 he falls !re is n ano!r to raise him up6 ,woe to him t is alone1 = !re is no "o to keep him f fall+60 are ! lessons ( ?is long mi/ak5 attempt to realise an undem&$ /&>d ( excell5ce2 & yet1 j because ( ! consi/5cy ( its ideal ) "o side ( ,*ri/ian s]vice1 mod]n ,*ri/5dom1 ?\gh 9 alt]$ & modifi$ =ms1 has n p>t$ ) ,mona*ism yet4 8,! ideal ( ! ,*ri/ian monk10 says ,montalemb]t1 8is t ( manhood 9 its pure/ & mo/ en]getic =m--manhood intellectually & morally sup]ior1 devot+ itself to ef=ts great] & m su/a9$ ?an are exact$ 9 a worldly c>e]2 & ?is n to make e>?ly s]vice a /epp+-/one to heav51 b ( life a long s]ies ( victories = man40#bfb ,surely ?is is ! ideal ( e ,*ri/ian m9i/] truly consecrat$ to ! s]vice ( man2 yea1 ! ideal ( e bro!r or si/] :o1 m>ri$ or s+le1 9 bus9ess or society1 is try+ to rea* =w>d to ! m>k ( our high call+4 ,!re is no code ( disabilities 9 ! s]vice ( ,*ri/1 & ! way to ! highe/ hon\rs is op5 to all :o wi% to ent] x1 ( :atev] condition or rank or m5tal capacity !y may be4 ,:5 ?is common ideal 0 fall5 f 9 ! mona/ic ord]s1 x 0 be+ realis$ by _m private memb]s ( ! ,*ur*2 :5 ! pr(essional ,*ur* _h falsifi$ x1 x 0 be+ upheld by s-call$ 8m5 ( ! _w02 & !re=e1 z a natural consequ5ce1 :5 ! mona/ic ord]s ( ,*ri/5dom became corrupt1 society1 true to its bett] in/9cts1 rose up & re=m$ !m or swept !m away4 ,!re 0 always a l>ge volume ( life outside ! p>ticul> *annel :i* ^! ord]s fill$1 to purify x :5 x became f\l1 or to =ce x onw>d1 :5 /agnant1 into ! life ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b x 0 n s 9 ,buddhism4 ,its lay associates1 h[ev] num]\s1 7 b ! fr+es ( religi\s communities ess5tially & :olly mona/ic4 ,:51 !re=e1 det]ioration or degradation 9 ! ,ord] set 91 re=mation ( x by ! p 0 hopeless4 ,9 ! ,ord] ?is det]ioration %[$ itself e>li] t its dom9ant ideal 0 l[] ?an ! ,*ri/ian4 ,9 e>ly ,*ri/ian ,mona*ism1 =titude & devotion all sprang f ! immolation ( self = ! univ]sal good4 ,9 ,buddha's ,sangha1 h[ev]1 ?\gh !re 0 bo? devotion & =titude display$1 ! goal to be rea*$ 0 simply self-rescue4 ,its c\rse ( b5efic5ce !re=e 0 n only %ort] b %all[]4 ,un9t5tionally x wr\ght out social re=ms1 & p]haps political revolution4 ,x re/ra9$ luxury1 & *eck$ ! unb\nd$ s5suality to :i* ,indians are prone2 x rebuk$ ! e>?ly-m9d$1 & witness$ nobly ( ! high] int]e/s ( life to peoples t sorely ne$$ ! te/imony4 ,x n only propagat$ morality1 b promot$ le>n+1 & a love ( ! beautiful 9 nature & art1 b its =ce 0 ev5tually exhau/$4 ,v e>ly x sank into ! /agnation 9 :i* x has exi/$ = c5turies1 & any advance regi/]$ by ! nations among :om ! in/itution has exi/$ has be5 due1 = m ?an a ?\s& ye>s1 to ! influx ( ,*ri/ian ideas & s5tim5ts4 ,its own me?ods ha/5$ its decay4 ,l all ,ea/]n religi\s gr[?s1 x repres5t$ ! piety ( in]tion4 ,manual lab\r ( all k9ds 0 plac$ "u ! ban1 & beyond att5d+ to ! cleanl9ess ( 8 p]son & ( 8 lodg+ ! ,buddhi/ monk 0 n all[$ to d any?+ save it9]ate = 8 ma9t5ance & ! prea*+ ( ! law4 ,he 0 in/ruct$ t e mom5t ab/ract$ f m$itation 0 s]i\s loss4 ,?is 0 9 direct contradiction to ! v fir/ rule ( ,*ri/ian solit>y life1 :i* ev5 9 ! /ifl+ heat ( ! des]t dem&$ manual tasks1 :i* fa/+ might be said to h d\bl$1 cont9u$ ?r\gh ! long day till vesp]s summon$ ! lab\r]s to wor%ip4 ,! ,buddhi/ monk knew nei!r ! heal?y life ( physical ex]tion nor ! spiritual refre%m5t ( wor%ip4 ,he might v9dicate 8 idl5ess aga9/ ! reproa*es ( ! indu/ri\s by ! ass]tion t he too 9 8 quiet life 0 also 8pl\gh+ & s[+0 to mu* bett] purpose1#bfc b !n ! effect ( 8 pl\gh+ & ! fruit ( 8 s[+ 7 all conf9$ to himself1 :o alone 0 fre$ by x f suff]+4 ,he c\ld n answ]1 z ! ,nican monk & quondam c\rti] repli$ to ,val5s1 :5 *all5g$ z to :i!r he 0 go+1 8,i g to pray = y\r empire40#bfd ,augu/9e has inde$ assur$ u t 8! less a monk lab\rs 9 any?+ b pray] ! m s]viceable he is to m502 b ! pray] :i* he _h 9 view 0 n selfi%4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! te>s & p5it5tial ex]cises ( m5 :o _h become /rang]s to all p]sonal desires 87 mighty to dr[n s9 & purify ! _w40#bfe ,z long z monks 7 truly pray]ful1 & nuns1 l ve/als1 kept alive ! sacr$ fire = e he>?1 !y repres5t$ t side ( ! ,*ur*'s m$iation :i* is mo/ important & effective2 = no "o c be really effective 9 ! s]vice ( man :o is n frequ5t 9 ! s]vice ( wait+ ^u ,god4 ,! h]oes ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 :o h evangelis$ & civilis$ ! wild wa/e places ( ! _w1 :o1 l ! apo/le1 laid aside e encumbrance to run _! race1 71 l ! apo/le1 m5 ( mu* m$itation & pray]4 ,we h no su* examples 9 ,buddhism1 = x lack$ ! provision :i* alone c\ld nurture !m4 ,9 ! life ( ! ,buddhi/ monk !re 0 probably m1 & m int5se m$itation ?an 9 t ( ! ,*ri/ian1 b !re 0 a va/ diff]5ce 9 _! respective !mes ( m$itation4 ,! ,*ri/ian c\ld draw 8 inspiration f a s\rce f> high] & pur] ?an himself1 & 9 communion ) ! ,fa!r1 ,r$eem]1 ,sanctifi] ( 8 _s ga!r a /r5g? :i* a/oni%$ ! _w2 b :at possible inspiration = endeav\r c\ld come to a poor ,buddhi/ monk :o 0 *iefly occupi$ 9 contemplat+ ! impurity ( 8 p]i%able body1 & ^: v highe/ !me ( m$itation 0 simply 8no?+ :atev]08#bff ,ano!r ess5tial di/9ction betwe5 ! two modes ( life is disclos$ 9 _! relation to *>ity4 ,we h se5 t ,buddhism _h no conception ( *>ity 9 ! ,*ri/ian s5se1 & t practical *>ity 9 x 0 repres5t$ f a pole q opposite to t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,z if consci\s ( its defects1 lat] ,buddhism orig9at$ fai? 9 & hope ( ,maitreya1 ! ,buddha :o is next to come1 & :o1 z ! son ( love1 w realise its unconsci\s prophecies1 fulfil its long+s1 & p]fect all ?+s2 b not)/&+ ?is ! ,buddhi/ monk cont9u$ to be ! receiv]1 n ! disp5s]1 ( *>ity4 ,8 :ole m]it consi/$ 9 tak+ :at x 0 ! m]it ( ! layman to (f] him3#bfg & ! tak+ 0 all = himself & = 8 ,ord]4 ,he _h no conception ( ! life sugge/$ 9 ! say+1 8,z poor1 yet mak+ _m ri*10 & he nev] c\ld h said ( 8 mona/]y t x 0 8l'infirmire des pauvres40 ,to (f] *>ity to o!rs 0 ! la/ conception :i* he c\ld =m ( 8 duty3 yea1 to clo! ! nak$1 take ! lep] f ! dunghill1 & help ! outca/1 0 ! v rev]se ( 8 duty4 ,8 cre$ z to mis]y 9 ?is be+ ! fruit ( evil done 9 a =m] exi/5ce1 cut him (f f t s]vice ( ! lo/ & fall5 :i* 9 ,*ri/5dom has be5 acc\nt$ glori\s1 & = ! r5d]+ ( :i*1 sev]al ( its mona/ic in/itutions h be5 sp>$ ! p5alty ( _! corruption4 ,! *>ity :i* ! ,buddhi/ monk practis$ 0 9 8 prea*+ & exposition ( ! law = ! deliv]ance ( ! multitudes4 ,& t ?is may be ! v highe/ =m 9 :i* b5evol5ce c express itself all ,*ri/ians mu/ admit1 = ! greate/ gift :i* any man c be/[ is ! tru? :i* makes "o free4 ,buddhi/ monk & ,*ri/ian mission>y alike proclaim$ a gospel = ! r$emption ( m52 & z ! gospel ( ,*ri/'s salvation br+s ev] _m bless+s 9 its tra91 s ! prea*+ ( ! m5dicant ,buddhi/ 0 att5d$ ) mat]ial b5eficial results to ^? :o he>d & believ$ x4 ,! ,buddhi/1 h[ev]1 :ile exp\nd+ ! law = ! rescue ( ! individual1 nev] lab\r$1 l ! ,*ri/ian mission>y1 = 8 temporal & social improvem5t4 ,8 message _h no promise = ! life t n[ is1 & consequ5tly he nev] seems to h play$ ! "p s nobly su/a9$ by _m ( ! monks ( ,*ri/5dom--t ( def5d+ ! oppress$ & befri5d+ ! helpless4 ,he nev]1 s f> z c be ga!r$ f ! texts1 proclaim$ ! equality ( m5 9 ! same way & = ! same purpose z a ,*ri/ian re=m] w\ld prea* x4 ,!oretically1 he ma9ta9$ ! "r ( all classes to be admitt$ to ! bro!rhood1 b ,dr4 ,old5b]g has ass]t$ t 89 ! composition ( ! ,ord] a m>k$ lean+ to ! exi/+ ari/ocracy 0 obs]vable40#bfh ,buddha nev] _h occasion to confess ) ! ,*ri/ian apo/le 8t n _m noble1 n _m mighty1 7 call$10 nor _h 8 ,ord] ev] to be> ! reproa* ( ! ,*ur*1 t its memb]s 7 recruit$ f ! l[e/ /rata ( society4 ,! ref]5ces to 8 disciples f ! fir/ all indicate p ( rank & weal? & education4 ,x is n impli$ t p]sons ( humble orig9 w\ld h be5 reject$ _h !y come1 only t 8! scriptures af=d no evid5ce t !y did come02 & yet !y yield unmi/akable evid5ce t1 z ! ,ord] prosp]$1 all lep]s1 cripples1 bl9d1 or "o-ey$ p]sons1 all :o 7 deaf & dumb1 all :o 7 consumptive or subject to fits1 7 reject$4#bfi ,! ,ord] 0 = ! reputable1 ! noble1 & especially = ! religi\s1 = ! ,brahman vot>y1 & ,sraman seek] aft] tru?4 ,^! aga9 7 all attract$ to x2 !y 7 n s\ght out z by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,n = "o mom5t w\ld ,*ri/ all[ ! ,*ur* to become select4 ,he n only welcom$ all p5it5ts--= all m5 ne$$ salvation1 & ! poore/ & ! guiltie/ 7 mo/ 9 ne$ ( x1--b ,he s5t =? ,8 apo/les to seek & ga!r !m1 & 9 ord] to reason d[n all natural fe>s1 bas$ on ! p]sonal unwor?9ess ( ^! outca/s ( society1 !y 7 in/ruct$ to 8compel !m to come 940#bgj ,( propag&ism 9 ?is s5se ! ,buddhi/ ,sangha knew no?+4 ,x 0 mov$ by no en?usiasm ( humanity2 x felt no?+ ( t e>ne/ness :i* f ! days ( ! apo/les has *>act]is$ ! true propagators ( ! gospel4 ,9 no disc\rse t has come d[n to u is !re any impassion$ entreaty ( m5 to rep5t & believe4 ,!re is no sorr[ ov] ! unbeliev+ :o refuse _! salvation1 no burn+ indignation aga9/ ^? :o despise or :o sc(f at ! tru?4 ,9 ,buddha's la/ view ( ! _w !re is no weep+ z ov] ,j]usalem1 reprobate because ( its wick$ness1 & 9 none ( 8 successors d we f9d any trace ( ! apo/le's will+ness to be ana!ma = ! sake ( 8 bre?r54 ,?is tol]ant _s ( ,buddhism1 h[ev]1 has be5 contra/$1 z greatly 9 its fav\r1 ) t alleg$ intol]ance :i* ,*ri/ianity is suppos$ to h inh]it$ f ,judaism4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ,*ri/ianity mu/ be judg$ z x is pres5t$ 9 ,*ri/1 & n by ,8 pr(ess+ foll[]s1 :o h (t5 misrepres5t$ ,him4 ,( hypocrisy1 cruelty1 deceit1 ,*ri/ 0 inde$ intol]ant1 b t[>d error & misbelief1 because ( ignorance1 ,he 0 v compassionate4 ,*ri/ianity w\ld make no compromise1 aga91 ) false sy/ems ( hea!ndom4 ,x w\ld h no peace save ?r\gh victory2 x w\ld n accept a place 9 ! ,pan!on = its ,"l1 & x 0 cont5t to be p]secut$ till ,he 0 all[$ to rule f ! ?rone ( ! _w4 ,! alleg$ intol]ance ( ,*ri/ianity1 !re=e1 is simply its conviction ( ! inf9ite importance & value to all m5 ( ! tru? :i* compels x to be propag&i/4 ,n[ if ,buddhism tol]ates ev]y?+1 x is because x is n sure ab\t any?+1 b1 on ! contr>y1 is 9 d\bt ab\t ev]y?+4 ,x is ess5tially sceptical1 8rais+ ! rejection ( e affirmation to ! rank ( a pr9ciple40#bga ,e>ne/ness 9 a prea*] ( sceptical quietism 0 an impossibility4 ,he _h no he>t t\*$ ) ! feel+ ( heav5ly love1 w\nd$ by s91 impell+ him to proclaim =giv5ess1 & he _h no su* he>ts to appeal to4 ,! ,*ri/ian mission>y appeals to s\l & consci5ce 9 "n ( a ,savi\r crucifi$ = s92 ! ,buddhi/ mission>y only appeal$ ?r\gh ! intellect to self-int]e/4 ,8 prea*+ 0 purely didactic1 expository1 & advisory 9 "*4 ,he 0 at be/ a !ologian or moral philosoph] tea*+ ! ignorant1 & n a prea*] aim+ at ! conviction ( s9n]s1 endeav\r+1 ) 8 :ole he>t & /r5g? & m9d1 to sway !m to conv]sion4#bgb ,he nev] exp]i5c$ ! almo/ consum+ gl[ & f]v\r ( inspiration :i* made ! apo/les agonise 9 _! mission4 8,n[ is ! accept$ "t1 n[ is ! day ( salvation40 8,i pray y1 9 ,*ri/'s /ead1 ,be ye reconcil$ to ,god40 ,z might h be5 expect$1 ! e>ly en?usiasm ( ,buddhi/s = ! enlight5m5t ( o!rs soon di$ out1 & its mission>y _s1 once sp5t1 has nev] und]gone a true revival4 ,x c boa/ ( _m ecclesia/ics & philosoph]s1 b = hundr$s ( ye>s x _c po9t 9 its hon\r-roll to ei!r a ,xavi] or a ,liv+/one4 ,x has long ago ceas$ to be aggressive4 ,at ?is day no ,ori5tal ,buddhi/ s]i\sly contemplates becom+ a mission>y4 ,p>is may add to its attractions & curiosities a real ,buddhi/ temple1#bgc b ! prie/s :o (ficiate 9 x1 h[ev] devot$ !y may be to _! cult1 w c]ta9ly nev] dream ( tak+ ! tr\ble ( prea*+ x 9 ! /reets4 ,9 ! ,*ur* ( ! middle ages1 suppos$ to consi/ only ( pope & bi%ops & cl]gy & monks & nuns1 ( :i* m$ivalism a remnant survives 9 ^? :o speak ( 8ent]+ ! ,*ur*10 n :5 z *ildr5 !y are baptiz$ into its communion1 b :5 !y are to be orda9$ to s]vice 9 x1 we mu/ look = any resemblance to ! ,buddhi/ ,sangha4 ,9 anci5t ,india1 a *ur*1 mean+ ! fell[%ip ( ! fai?ful 9 its totality1 0 an impossibility4 ,brahmanism _h no *ur*1 & nev] attempt$ a conv]sion1 b ,buddha 9 seek+ to rescue o!rs f evil1 & 9 (f]+ a place ( escape :i* !y 7 free to accept or reject1 creat$ n a *ur* b a precursor ( "o4#bgd ,admission into 8 ,bro!rhood 0 at fir/ op5 to all :o reque/$ x1 b z disciples cr[d$ ar\nd him1 & p>5ts compla9$ t !y 7 b]eav$ ( _! *ildr51 & ma/]s t !y 7 robb$ ( _! slaves1 & cr$itors t !y 7 depriv$ ( :at 0 ow+ by _! debtors1 & ev5 ! judges t crim9als escap$ ! prison2 & :5 accusations grew frequ5t & l\d t ! new movem5t w\ld ru9 h\seholds1 injure ! ,/ate1 & depopulate ! c\ntry1 re/rictions 7 devis$4 ,gradually conditions 7 impos$ by :i* all :o 7 diseas$1 or crim9als1 or soldi]s1 or debtors1 or slaves1 or *ildr5 "u fifte5 ye>s ( age1 or y\?s "u tw5ty :o _h n receiv$ _! p>5ts' cons5t1 7 disqualifi$4#bge ,at fir/ ! disciple 0 admitt$ )\t any c]emony1 beyond t ( %av+ ! :ole head1 & putt+ on ! yell[ robes :i* di/+ui%$ ! ascetic & ! recluse1 b ev5tually a rite ( initiation 0 adopt$1 :i* 9 ,ceylon has cont9u$ sub/antially unalt]$ to ?is day4 ,x consi/$ ( two /ages2#bgf ! fir/ t ( ! novitiate into :i* a c&idate c\ld be receiv$ by any fully accr$it$ monk4 ,! c]emony 0 call$ ! ,pabbagga1 or 8outgo+10 a ^w us$ f old "t to describe ! la/ act ( a pi\s ,brahman1 :51 w>n$ by approa*+ age1 he gave up 8 possessions to 8 family1 & left !m to ent] ^u ! h]mit life ( m$itation4 ,! ,buddhi/s naturally adopt$ x to m>k ! fir/ /ep by :i* a layman at any age ex*ang$ ! secul> = ! religi\s life4 ,x 0 a confession t he desir$ to be done ) ! _w1 to put (f ! old man ) 8 de$s & to put on ! new4 ,s ) head & face completely %av51 & hold+ ?ree l5g?s ( yell[ cotton clo?1 fir/ torn to r5d] !m valueless1 & !n sew$ toge!r1 he pres5t$ 8 petition ?ree times1 t 8! rev]5d monks w\ld take pity on him1 & inve/ him ) ! robes1 t1 l !m1 he might escape sorr[40 ,! presid+ monk !n ti$ ! clo!s ar\nd 8 neck1 repeat+ s5t5ces reg>d+ ! p]i%able nature ( ! body1 & ! petition] retir$4 ,:5 he reappe>$ he _h laid aside ! lo9-clo?1 g5]ally ! only article ( raim5t 9 tropical l&s1 & _h assum$ ! new inve/iture ( ! two "u-g>m5ts & ! loose robe1 :i* cov]$ ! :ole body1 except ! "r %\ld]1 ( a ,buddhi/ m5dicant4 ,?ree times1 ?us clo!d1 9 8robes ( humility & religion10 9 rev]5tial salaam to ! monk or monks pres5t1 he made public confession t he took refuge 9 ,buddha1 ,dh>ma1 ,sangha1 & receiv+ in/ructions z to conduct & duty1 he became a ,sraman]a1 a ba*elor z x 71 a monk ( l[] degree4 ,:5 ! novice :o _h ?us 8gone =?0 f ! _w1 or f ! memb]%ip ( ano!r frat]nity1 _h 8se5 ! tru?1 ma/]$ ! tru?1 und]/ood ! tru?1 p5etrat$ ! tru?2 :5 he _h ov]come unc]ta9ty1 dispell$ all d\bts1 0 dep5d5t on nobody else = 8 k ( ! doctr9es ( ! ,tea*]10#bgg he pres5t$ himself be=e ! ,ord]1 ( :om t5 memb]s at lea/ _h to be 9 session1 & rev]5tially c[]+ on ! gr\nd ) 8 h&s clasp$ on 8 =ehead1 he ?ree times entreat$ !m 8to take pity ^u him & draw him out ( ! evil _w by grant+ him ,upasampada0 or ! 8arrival0 initiation rite4#bgh ,!n foll[$ 8 exam9ation z to :e!r he 0 qualifi$#bgi 9 8 p]son1 8 heal?1 8 social & civil relations1 :e!r he _h provid$ an alms-b[l & ! yell[ robes1 :at 0 8 own "n1 & t ( ! tea*] ) :om he 0 to consort1 & :om he 0 to s]ve dur+ a c\rse ( five ye>s' in/ruction 9 ! :ole doctr9e & discipl9e ( ! sy/em4 ,if ! answ]s to all ^! que/ions 7 satisfactory1 ! resolution to receive him 0 =mally put by ! presid+ monk1 & ?rice repeat$3 8,:osoev] ( ! v5]able is = grant+ ,upasampada to ?is novice1 ) bro!r ,s-&-s = 8 tea*]1 let him be sil5t40 ,:5 no diss5t 0 intimat$ ! resolution 0 pass$4 8,! ,sangha is 9 fav\r ( x1 !re=e x is sil5t--?us ,i und]/&10 said ! presid5t1 & ! novice became a ,samana1 a fully accr$it$ memb] ( ! ,ord] ( ,bikkhus4 ,!re 0 c]ta9ly no?+ ( ! ,*ur* 9 all ?is c]emony1 & ,sir ,moni] ,williams v prop]ly gu>ds u f apply+ to x ! sacr$ ^w ( ord9ation4#bhj ,any "o :o c>es to read ! texts 9 :i* ! proce$+s are describ$ w be incl9$ to ?9k t ! que/ions put to ! novice1 9 _! *ildi%ness & absurdity1 seem diabolically fram$ to c>icature ! solemn & s\l-se>*+ que/ions address$ to c&idates = ! ,holy ,m9i/ry4 ,yet 9 ! in/ruction giv5 to ! newly admitt$ memb]1 conc]n+ ! 8f\r *ief =bidd5 acts0 f :i* he mu/ ab/a91 & 8! f\r res\rces0#bha 9 :i* he 0 to tru/1 !re 0 a t\* ( ! solemnity :i* belongs to ! *>ge :i* foll[s ,*ri/ian ord9ation4 ,! monk 0 rem9d$ t 9 reg>d to :at 0 pleasant & p]missible to o!r m5 he _h subject$ himself to self-d5ial & a yoke4 ,he might receive f ! pi\s1 )\t (f5ce1 (f]+s ( food & clo?+1 & m$ic9e & %elt]1 b he mu/ be prep>$ = ! h>d life ( "o ^: food might only be scraps & refuse put into 8 b[l1 ^: clo?+ might h to be made ( ca/-(f rags1 ^: %elt] might (t5 be ! tree 9 ! jungle or ! cave 9 ! rock1 & ^: m$ic9e might be only ! f\l deposit ( ! cattle-p54 ,he 0 w>n$ t any brea* ( ! f\r c>d9al precepts--aga9/ un*a/ity1 :i* to him meant :at to o!rs 0 ! lawful e/ate ( m>riage1 aga9/ !ft1 ev5 ( a blade ( grass1 aga9/ murd]1 ev5 to ! cru%+ ( a flea1 aga9/ assumption ( virtues n really possess$1--w\ld necessitate expulsion f ! ,ord]4 8,= ev5 z a man ^: head is cut (f _c live ) ! trunk2 444 z a dry leaf sep>ate f ! /alk c nev] aga9 become gre52 444 z a /one split 9 two _c be made into "o2 444 z a palm ^: top is de/roy$ _c aga9 gr[1 s ! monk :o breaks ! lea/ ( ^! laws is no long] a ,samana1 no long] a foll[] ( ! ,sakya-putta40#bhb ,to ! cr$it ( ,buddha1 h[ev]1 x mu/ be obs]v$1 t a monk :o _h ent]$ ! ,ord] 0 at any "t free to )draw f x4 ,if he _h a hank]+ aft] home1 or ! pleasures ( ! old life :i* he _h =sak51 he 0 exhort$ to confess 8 weakness & r5\nce a vocation :i* he _h f\nd too high = him4 ,he _h simply to decl>e be=e a witness t he r5\nc$ ,buddha1 ,dh>ma1 ,sangha--yea1 he c\ld g =? )\t mak+ any decl>ation at all4 ,freely z he _h jo9$1 z freely c\ld he ab&on ! bre?r52 no ang] 0 express$ or ev5 felt2 no discr$it atta*$ to him1 = ! work+ out ( 8 deliv]ance 0 8 own conc]n4 ,yea1 if at any "t he rep5t$ ( 8 action1 & desir$ to r5ew ) ! companions ( wis] days ! relation ( vot>y or novice1 he 0 n subject$ to any discipl9e1 su* z a laps$ memb] ( ! ,*ur* might be expect$ to und]go :5 seek+ re-communion4 ,he 0 treat$ ^u 8 confession z ?\gh 8 pa/ _h n be5 rememb]$1 & z if 8 folly or fault _h nev] be5 committ$4#bhc ,su* facility ( )drawal & readmission seem$ to t5d to laxity1 & may h occasion$ v great abuses1 b on ! v face ( x1 x appe>s calculat$ to pres]ve mona/ic life 9 ,india 9 a mu* heal?i] condition ?an has always prevail$ 9 ! recluse in/itutions ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,9 h[ _m cases has ! mona/]y become worse ?an a prison1 & ! conv5t become a v *amb] ( tortures1 because occupi$ by reluctant t5ants1 :o h be5 cruelly immur$ 9 !m aga9/ _! w1 or h ?\ghtlessly devot$ !mselves to a vocation = :i* !y 7 totally unfit4 ,! ,ea/]n sage may ev5 h %[n great] wisdom ?an ! ,we/]n bi%ops & presbyt]s1 :o h b\nd ov] = life ^? admitt$ to a sacr$ pr(ession1 s t fre$om f x c only be got by ignom9i\s expulsion1 & by degradation = a fault or a crime4 ,! ,sangha f ! fir/ 0 an ord] ( ,cnobites1 n ,solit>ies1 & x 0 an exception = a m5dicant to be alone2 = ) 8 practical insight ,buddha seems to h discov]$ t ! life ( solitude has m disadvantages & dang]s ?an t ( fell[%ip4 ,s he orda9$ t ! newly admitt$ monk mu/ atta* himself = five ye>s to a tutor & tea*]1#bhd "o ( :om mu/ h be5 t5 ye>s 9 ! ,ord]1 r5d]+ to !m su* p]sonal (fices z ,eli%a r5d]$ to ,elijah1 & receiv+ su* p>5tal in/ruction z ,/4 ,paul be/[$ ^u 8 son 9 ! fai?4 ,no v[ ( ob$i5ce1 s ess5tial to ! mona/ic rule ( ,*ri/5dom1 unless 9 reg>d to ! laws ( ! ,ord]1 0 exact$4 ,no man c\ld be call$ ,rabbi among !m1 = ! k :i* br\ght deliv]ance c\ld be & mu/ be acquir$ by ea* man = himself4#bhe ,a monk 0 expect$ to rev]5ce 8 sup]ior 9 age & k1 b 8 ob$i5ce 0 to be r5d]$ n to 8 bro!r1 :o 0 simply 8 equal 9 respect ( ne$ & capability ( deliv]ance1 b only to ,! ,law :i* alone c\ld secure x4 ,:ile ob$i5ce to a sup]ior 0 n exact$1 ! law ( pov]ty & *a/ity 0 z obligatory ^u ! ,buddhi/ monk z on ! memb]s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,ord]s4 ,francis ( ,assisi c\ld n m highly h eulogis$ pov]ty z 8! way to salvation1 ! nurse ( humility1 ! root ( p]fection10 ?an did ! ,indian monks :o compil$ ! ,buddhi/ scriptures4 8,9 supreme felicity live we1 ?\gh we call no?+ our own4 ,fe$+ on happ9ess1 we are l ! gods 9 ! regions ( light40#bhf ,food a monk c\ld receive1 b n ask =1 & ( :at he s receiv$ he c\ld only h "o meal a day4 ,gold or silv] he c\ld on no acc\nt accept1 ?\gh he might accept its equival5ts 9 food or m$ic9e4 ,if l ,a*an's w$ge x 0 f\nd to h be5 secret$ by any covet\s memb]1 "o ( ! bre?r5 _h to hide x away 9 ! jungle1 9 a place :i* c\ld n aga9 be recognis$4 ,bitt] controv]sies reg>d+ ?is prohibition seem to h ex]cis$ ! primitive ,sanghas1 & ?\gh x 0 successfully ma9ta9$ = long1 concessions 9 relation to x 7 ev5tually agre$ ^u4 ,^! h[ev] prov$ z fatal to ! prosp]ity ( ! ,buddhi/1 z simil> concessions prov$ to t ( ! ,we/]n mona/ic e/abli%m5ts4 ,!y 7 se$s ( evil :i* spe$ily grew up into ?ickets ( tr\ble4 ,! individual memb] pr(ess$ to obs]ve ! orig9al law & ma9ta9 ! pr9ciple t 8a man's life consi/e? n 9 ! abundance ( 8 goods10 b ! sev]al frat]nities came spe$ily to ab\nd 9 l&s & prop]ty ( e k9d1 s t 9 ! ,ea/ z 9 ! ,we/ x may be said ! mona/]ies fell1 because cru%$ ) _! weight ( weal?4 ,ev5 :ile ! primitive rule 0 obs]v$ ! m5dicants c\ld easily procure :at ( ! necess>ies ( food & %elt] & clo?+ !y requir$2 ! jungle gave !m all ! %elt] !y ne$$1 ?\gh x expos$ !m to frequ5t p]ils ( be+ poison$ by snake-bites1 & dev\r$ by bea/s4 ,! ra9s put an end p]iodically to _! p]egr9ations1 & ga!r$ ! twos & ?rees :o _h be5 associat+ toge!r into common retreat 9 ! vih>as4 ,^! orig9ally 7 int5d$ to be only tempor>y %elt]s f ! annual floods1 b z by degrees ! sy/em ext5d$ into di/ant regions1 !y became p]man5t in/itutions1 ea* "o a c5tre ( influ5ce 9 its own t]ritory1 l ! abbeys 9 ! orig9al dioceses ( m$ival ,europe4 ,life 9 a ,buddhi/ vih>a two ?\s& ye>s ago mu/ h[ev] h be5 v diff]5t f life 9 a mona/ic e/abli%m5t 9 ! middle ages4 ,lab\r1 z we h se51 ( no k9d 0 all[$1 ei!r among !m or = !m4 8,a monk :o digs ! e>? or causes x to be dug is liable to puni%m5t40#bhg ,scant "t 0 all[$ = sleep1 & :5 !re 7 no books to read or transcribe1 ! /udies or lit]>y occupations ( ! ,we/ 7 out ( ! "q4 ,all ! intellectual en]gies 7 claim$ = ! repetition ( su* sacr$ works z !y knew1 & = ! committ+ to memory ( o!rs :i* !y _h only acquir$4 ,exam9ation ( self1 m$itation on ! five pr9cipal !mes :i* occupi$ ! place ( pray] or devotion 9 _! sy/em1 0 expect$ to absorb ! mo/ ( ! day4 ,not)/&+ its int]vals ( in/ruction & discussion1 x mu/ h be5 a v vacant life inde$1 lack+ entirely ! wor%ip1 & mo/ ( ! duties1 :i* r5d]$ mona/ic life 9 ,*ri/5dom1 if n always pr(itable1 at lea/ supportable4 ,two out/&+ features ( x1 h[ev]1 comp>e v fav\rably ) "s =ms ( ! ascetic life bo? 9 ,india & ,europe4 ,9 ! ,buddhi/ ,sanghas w\ld be witness$ nei!r ! slov5l9ess nor ! dirt9ess :i* has (t5 be5 associat$ ) ! life ( ^? :o h r5\nc$ ! _w & h pr(ess$ to despise its pleasant ?+s4 ,ar\nd !m1 8,besme>$ ) mud & a%es1 cr\*+ f\l1 ,9 rags ( dead m51 wrapp$ ab\t _! lo9s10#bhh 7 _m solit>ies endeav\r+ to ga9 p]fection or exhibit x1 9 types m con=m to ,nebu*adnezz> 9 8 madness or ! demoniacs :o _h _! dwell+s 9 ! tombs4 ,buddha condemn$ uncleanl9ess 9 all its =ms4 ,! robes :i* he enjo9$ 8 monks to we> may h be5 made up ( rags pick$ up f a dunghill or f a cemet]y1 b !y 7 scrupul\sly wa%$1 prop]ly dy$1 & c>efully m5d$4 ,! gr\nd all r\nd ! vih>a1 z well z its floors )91 _h to be swept e day1 & its e item ( furniture _h to be punctually du/$ & g>ni%$4 ,8 monks 7 ,ph>isees 9 reg>d to ! wa%+ ( h&s & b[ls & o!r ut5sils1 & !y anticipat$ our mod]n dem& = prop] v5tilation4#bhi ,a ,buddhi/ m5dicant ( ! days ( ,k+ ,asoka might prove a good model ( p]sonal neatness & dome/ic tid9ess = _m a ,*ri/ian m9i/] 9 ^! days ( ,que5 ,victoria4 ,he belong$ to an ,ord] orig9ally f\nd$ by a man :o 0 9 e s5se a g5tleman1 & :i* = long numb]$ among its memb]s _m noble & ev5 pr9cely m54 ,inh]it+ _! in/9cts1 he /\tly ma9ta9$ _! traditions1 t 8nei!r plait$ hair1 nor dirt1 nor ly+ on ! e>?1 nor rubb+ ) du/1 c purify a mortal :o has n ov]come desires02 8t he :o1 ?\gh well dress$1 ex]cises tranquillity1 is quiet1 subdu$1 re/ra9$1 *a/e1 & has ceas$ to f9d fault ) all o!r be+s1 he is inde$ a ,brahmana1 a ,sramana1 a ,bikkhu40#bij ,aga91 9 ^! old pictures ( ,buddhi/ ,sangha life1 !re is no reflection ( t insane passion = suff]+ :i* m>k$ ! gaunt & self-mutilat$ ,yogis ar\nd !m1 & :i* also di/+ui%$ _m ( ! ascetics ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! flagellations1 & lac]ations1 & mac]ations :i* at "o "t became popul> 9 ,european mona/]ies1 & :i* made ev5 a man l ! f\nd] ( ! ,franciscan ,ord] refuse food & sleep = days toge!r1 sp5d :ole nights 9 w9t] up to ! neck 9 sn[ or wat]1 put a%es 9 ! meals :i* _h be5 cook$ = him1 w\ld n = an h\r h be5 tol]at$2 yea1 !y w\ld h be5 laugh$ out ( ! _w by ,buddha & 8 monks4 ,:]ev] !y w5t1 !y enc\nt]$ griev\s companies ( 8,eyeless & tongueless1 sexless1 crippl$1 deaf3 ,! body by ! m9d be+ ?us /ripp$ ,= glory ( mu* suff]+1 & ! bliss ,:i* !y %all w910#bia b !y nev] seem to h be5 tempt$ to give way to ?is intoxication :i* 0 suppos$ to make m5 gods4 ,self-d5ial 0 ess5tial1 b sev]e au/]ities & bodily p5ance 7 /rongly disc\rag$4 8,bloom+1 well-f$1 ) heal?y col\r & sk910 is ! description (t5 giv5 9 ! old texts ( a model ,bikkhu4 ,buddha1 :5 fir/ met by ! ,brahman sages aft] 8 illum9ation1 surpris$ !m by ! s]5ity ( 8 c\nt5ance1 ! purity & brightness ( 8 complexion4 ,among ! fir/ salutations address$ to ! bre?r5 on _! return f _! w&]+s 0 ! "q :e!r !y _h be5 well f$4#bib ,x is true "s ,buddhi/ sa9ts might be f\nd sitt+ = days 9 ! burn+ sun1 oblivi\s to its fi]y torm5ts1 b ^! mu/ h be5 exceptions1 = !re is no mi/ak+ ei!r ! tea*+ or ! life ( ,buddha himself4 ,all ^! extravagant cruelties1 by :i* m5 h abus$ or s\ght to de/roy ! mo/ beautiful organism & ! mo/ p]fect in/rum5t :i* has ev] be5 produc$ 9 ?is _w1 7 by him reg>d$ z fooli% & dang]\s1 & z debas+ z ! s5sualism :i* !y s\ght to avoid4 ,?\gh we h hi!rto ref]r$ to ! ,buddhi/ ,ord]1 x is h>dly correct to ?9k ( x z j "o community4 ,?\gh !oretically ! ,sangha ( ,buddha 0 ! ideal unit1 practically x nev] became s4 ,aft] 8 decease !re 0 no c5tral gov]n+ p[] to direct & inspire ! :ole organisation4 ,! patri>*s1 ( :om a long succession is giv51 7 n hi]>*s 9 ! ,greek or ,lat9 s5se4#bic ,!y 7 simply out/&+ ,arhats1 ! h]oic def5d]s & apo/les ( ! sy/em4 ,primitive ,buddhism 0 repres5t$ n by "o b by _m ,sanghas1 = ea* bro!r z he w5t =? became ! c5tre ( a new frat]nity4 ,its orig9al cultus 0 bas$ on ! idea t community ( aim w\ld suffice to ga!r ! knots ( p :o liv$ ne> ea* o!r = mutual confession & in/ruction & discipl9e4 ,s !y cont9u$ a cu/om :i* _h come d[n f _! ,v$ic ance/ors1 :o1 9 ! f\r days ( ! lun> mon?1 :5 ! moon is new1 or full1 or half-way betwe5 ! two1 celebrat$ ! fa/ prep>atory to ! (f]+ ( ! intoxicat+ ,soma4 ,! ,buddhi/s _h nei!r fa/1 nor sacrifice1 nor (f]+1 nor any =m ( religi\s wor%ip :atev]1 b 9 ^! days !y ga!r$ = c>eful exam9ation ( !mselves 9 ! light ( ! ,prohibitions1 = public confession "o to ano!r1 & = discipl9e4 ,= ^! weekly ga!r+s ! manual ( ! ,ptimokkha or ,disburd5m5t 0 compos$1 x is av]r$1 by ,buddha himself4#bid ,to ?is public cate*is+ & purgation ( ! ,roll all ! bre?r5 _h to come2 ev5 a sick man 0 only excus$ :5 he c\ld assure ! assembly1 ?r\gh a sponsor1 t he 0 clean ( fault1 & if no bro!r 0 available = ?is (fice ! assembly _h to adj\rn to meet at 8 c\*4 ,its presid5t1 :o also summon$ ! bre?r51 0 ! monk ( ! longe/ /&+ among !m4 ,s f> x seem$ to anticipate our pr9ciple ( ,presbyt]ian p>ity1 b1 l ,convocation1 x 0 an exclusively ecclesia/ical ga!r+1 = nei!r nun1 nor novice1 nor layman 0 all[$ to be pres5t4 ,l our presbyt]ies :5 apply+ _! privy c5sures1 !y expect$ to be 8alone40 ,!n1 :5 all 7 rev]5tially plac$1 9 pres5ce ( no he>t-se>*+ ,god1 b be=e "o ano!r1 !re 0 recit$ by ! presid5t ! ord] ( confessional1 accord+ to ! rule t if !re 0 no transgression !re 0 no int]ruption1 & sil5ce indicat$ innoc5ce4 ,fir/ came ! recitation ( ! grave/ (f5ces3 ! f\r ,prgik r5\nc$ ^u _! admission1 commission ( any "o ( :i* involv$ expulsion f ! ,ord]4 ,!n came ! li/ ( ! less s]i\s transgressions--,samghdisesas1 involv+ tempor>y degradation1 & la/ly t ( ! ,pkittya1 or v5ial faults1 :i* 7 aton$ = by simple confession4 ,x 0 a l5g?y1 m9ute1 ill-arrang$ =m ( inquisition1 m compreh5sive & rigid ?an any cate*ism ( ! confessional :i* ,romanism ev] devis$4#bie ,x out-ph>ise$ ! ,ph>isees 9 its trivialities & repetitions & /ra9+ out ( gnats1 & no manual ( ! cloi/] ev] discov]$1 c\ld equal its disgu/+ details ( e conceivable =m ( unnatural vice suppos$ to be p]petrable by ! bre?r54#bif ,x reads m l a sugge/ion to s9 ?an a def5ce aga9/ temptation4 ,we c und]/& f x alone1 h[ impossible x 0 = ,buddhism to live up to its true pr9ciples1 h[ incapable x 0 ( urg+ on ! /eady moral progress ( ! race1 & ( ev5 realis+ ! example ( its f\nd]4 ,life's :ole /r5g? 0 wa/$ 9 wat*+ aga9/ petty & artificial transgressions1 s t none 0 available = ! prosecution ( real duty4 ,yet if deliv]ance 0 to come by ! law1 ! mo/ trivial details ( action _h to be tri$2 b "h1 z else:]e1 by ! law 0 only ! k ( s91 & t n z an (f5ce aga9/ an inf9itely ,holy ,"o1 b only z a mis=tune1 or at wor/ an imprud5ce1 a /umbl+-block plac$ by man himself 9 ! way ( advanc+ 8 int]e/4 ,at ! close ( ! ra9y season1 :5 ! bre?r5 7 mak+ ready = _! w&]+s1 ano!r solemn conf]5ce = self-purgation 0 held4 ,9 ?is ex]cise ( ! ,pvrana or ,invitation no "o kn[n to be "u ! burd5 ( sc&al c\ld take "p1 b all :o 7 consci\sly clean1 f ! olde/ to ! y\nge/1 invit$ ! bre?r5 to "n any (f5ce :i* dur+ _! common retreat !y might h not$ 9 _! conduct4 8,i invite1 v5]able ones1 ! ,ord]2 if ye h se5 any?+ (f5sive on my "p1 or h he>d any?+1 or h any suspicion ab\t me1 h pity ^u me1 & "n x4 ,if ,i see x1 ,i w make am5ds40#big ,x may be ask$ :e!r su* an in/itution z ?is c\ld ev] h fl\ri%$ 9 ,*ri/5dom1 al?\gh ! pure/ ( our ,*ur*es might adopt x ) pr(it4 ,^! ,buddhi/ bre?r5 c\ld n pray ! "o = ! o!r1 b !y c\ld confess _! faults "o to ano!r by a simpl] & m effective me?od ?an has ev] be5 attempt$ by ! confessional4 ,t in/itution 9 ,*ri/5dom has t5d$ m to corrupt & degrade ?an to purify & elevate society1 = x has int]f]$ ) ! div9ely in/itut$ & mu* m anci5t confessional ( home4 ,9 its secrecy1 seal$ by affection to fa!r or "m1 or bro!r or si/]1 c be told out ! ?+s t burn )92 & no prie/ or ecclesia/ic c usurp ?is p>5tal or bro!rly function )\t injur+ :at !y mu/ e>ne/ly desire to protect4 ,?is confessional1 h[ev]1 ( ! "o to ! :ole little bro!rhood1 mak+ !m wat* = & consid] "o ano!r1 mu/ h t5d$ to mutual edification4 ,x seems ( all ! obs]vances ( ! ,sangha to h mo/ ne>ly realis$ "o great purpose ( ! ,*ur*1 t ( be+ helpful to ea* o!r's salvation4 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,james w\ld h felt at home 9 su* a conf]5ce4 ,!y w\ld probably h w>n$ ! bre?r5 aga9/ judg+ "o ano!r1 & !y w\ld h in/ruct$ !m t only ,"o ^: k is p]fect1 because ,8 love is inf9ite1 c\ld try ! lives ( m52 b !y w\ld h comm5d$ !m = ?is hone/ endeav\r to fulfil "o ( ! precepts ( ! p]fect law ( lib]ty3 8,bre?r51 if a man be ov]tak5 9 a fault1 ye :o are spiritual re/ore su* an "o 9 ! _s ( meekness1 consid]+ ?yself1 le/ ?\ also be tempt$40 ,! "p play$ by woman 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,buddhism 0 analog\s to t assum$ by woman 9 relation to primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,wom5 7 among ! mo/ zeal\s support]s ( ,buddha1 m9i/]+ to him ( _! sub/ance4 ,subsequ5tly1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ! l>ge/ proportion ( ! weal? :i* 0 lavi%$ 9 su* m>vell\s munific5ce ^u ! ,ord] came f female vot>ies4 ,evid5tly 9 ^? days 9 ,india ! position ( woman 0 n s degrad$ & helpless z x aft]w>ds became4 ,wom5 9 old ,indian lit]ature are se5 to be mu* m on an equality ) m52 !y are n only repres5t$ z receiv+ s*ola/ic in/ruction1 b ev5 to !m z au?oresses "s ( ! ,v$ic hymns 7 ascrib$4#bih ,at any rate1 wom5 appe> 9 almo/ e ,buddhi/ episode1 & !y move ab\t ) a fre$om :i* contra/s /rangely ) ! seclusion & re/ra9t 9 :i* 9 ,india !y h liv$ = ages4 ,9 ! "* ( ,buddha !re seems to h be5 mu* t 0 peculi>ly attractive to ! be/ type ( wom51 & at lea/ "o ( ^! /&s =? ) v cle>ly m>k$ individuality4#bii ,8 "m is only a %ad[ 9 ! leg5ds1 & we c only conjecture :at ! p>5t ( s good & g5tle a man mu/ h be54 ,b 8 wife confronts u ) s mu* t is womanly 9 ! picture t we feel %e mu/ h be5 drawn f life4 ,v pa!tic & t5d] is ! graphic acc\nt ( h] fir/ int]view ) him1 ^u 8 return z ! illu/ri\s ,buddha to 8 fa!r's h\se4#cjj ,:5 all came to d him hon\r1 ,yasodh>a did n come1 = %e said1 8,if ,i am ( any value 9 8 eyes1 he w come himself1 & ,i c welcome him bett] "h40 ,buddha1 not+ h] abs5ce1 w5t att5d$ by two ( 8 disciples to ! place :]e %e 01 & he w>n$ 8 companions n to prev5t h] %\ld %e seek to embrace him1 al?\gh no memb] ( ! ,ord] c\ld t\* or be t\*$ by a woman4 ,& :5 %e saw him1 a m5dicant 9 yell[ robes1 ) %av5 head & face--?\gh %e knew x w\ld be s--%e c\ld n conta9 h]self1 b fell at 8 feet1 :i* %e held1 passionately weep+4 ,!n rememb]+ ! great & impassable gulf :i* he _h fix$ betwe5 !m1 %e rose & /ood at 8 side4 ,8 fa!r s\ght to apologise = h]1 tell+ h[ 9 ! greatness ( h] love %e m\rn$ & afflict$ h] s\l = loss ( him1 & refus$ to be com=t$4 ,%e became 8 disciple2 & :5 aft]w>ds1 mu* aga9/ 8 incl9ation1 he admitt$ wom5 into a sep>ate bran* ( ! ,ord]1 ! poor wife1 :om he _h n only wid[$1 b _h b]eft ( h] only *ild1 8pass$ into ! sil5t life10 z "o ( ! fir/ ( ,buddhi/ nuns4 ,all c&id read]s ( ! e>ly ,buddhi/ scriptures w admit t ,buddha mu/ n only h be5 g5tle 9 disposition b pure 9 "*4 ,f male & female disciples alike he dem&$ *a/ity1 9 ! ,*ri/ian conception ( ! virtue4 ,9 ! report$ disc\rses ( ,buddha !re is ! same abs5ce ( direct d5unciation ( ! vices t corrupt society :i* is obs]vable 9 ! ,gospels2 b ! impression made by ! read+ ( bo? n>ratives1 is t ( *>act]s s f> remov$ f su* vices1 t p 9 _! pres5ce or "u _! influ5ce c\ld n ev5 ?9k ( !m4 ,9 bo? n>ratives we h pres5tations ( 8wom5 :o 7 s9n]s0 9 relation to ,buddha & ,*ri/1 b x w be confess$ t ! effect produc$ ^u u is v diff]5t 9 ea* case4 ,! ,indian episodes lack ! /irr+s ( ! dep?s ( spiritual feel+1 ! creative ^w ( comm& exorcis+ ! lu/1 & unseal+ ! long congeal$ f\nta9s ( p5it5ce1 :i* confront u s prom95tly 9 ! sc5es ( ! gospel4 ,buddha 0 a pure man1 dem&+ purity f all :o w\ld be sav$1 b dem&+ x only z morali/s h dem&$ x all along4 ,!re did n radiate f him t bl5d+ ( horror ( s9 & ( pity = s9n]s :i* makes ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ ^u ! wick$ness & infirmities ( m5 to be unique 9 its reg5]ative p[]4 ,_h ,*ri/ insi/$ ^u purity j z ,buddha did1 ! _w w\ld h pr(it$ little by ! tea*+4 ,unque/ionably ! mission ( ,buddha1 ?\gh int5d$ to make = *a/ity1 has n purifi$ ,ea/]n ,asia f ! gross & unnatural vices to :i* all along x has be5 prone4 ,= ,buddha's conception & e/imate ( woman 0 v inf]ior to t ( ,*ri/4#cja ,%e 0 reg>d$ by him ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! traditional prejudice ( h] inf]iority to man 9 e respect4 ,to him1 z to ,plato1 wom51 ( all sn>es :i* ! tempt] spreads = man1 7 ! mo/ dang]\s4 ,n only 0 ! v smalle/ love = !m to be de/roy$1 b !y 7 to be avoid$1 n to be spok5 to1 n look$ ^u1#cjb n to be help$ ev5 :5 9 di/ress4 ,( _! future z wom5 9 ! life h]eaft] he _h no hope1#cjc & ! only rew>d :i* he c\ld hold out to !m = ob$i5ce or b5evol5t s]vice1 ! v highe/ object ( aspiration :i* he c\ld pres5t1 0 t !y might be re-born z m5 9 ano!r /age ( exi/5ce4 ,8 disciple ,an&a did good s]vice :5 he wrung f him p]mission to =m ! ord] ( ,nuns1#cjd = a nun might hope = salvation2 b alas = woman & = ! progress ( society if %e _h no o!r gospel to tru/ 9 ?an t :i* ,buddha prea*$6 ,8 ideal ( purity 0 f ! fir/ vitiat$ by 8 celibate views ( life1 & f ^! views human nature has always revolt$ 9 proportion to ! hone/y ) :i* m5 h /riv5 to realise !m4 ,celibacy1 :5 dom9ant or preval5t1 has only produc$ a m vici\s & unnatural condition ( society ?an t f :i* x attempt$ to escape4 ,! ,son ( ,man repres5t$ nobl] traditions1 & taught f> sublim] doctr9e4 ,woman1 ?\gh diff]5t f1 & 9 "s respects weak]1 is 9 o!rs high] & pur] ?an man1 & altoge!r 8 consort4 ,! pure love ( ! man = ! woman 0 recognis$ by ,*ri/ z "o ( ! mo/ sanctify+ influ5ces 9 life2 & m>riage1 ! mo/ sacr$ ( all ,div9e in/itutions1 z ! bond :i* m ?an any o!r keeps society toge!r1 obta9$ ,8 special b5$iction1 & 0 committ$ by ,him to ,8 ,*ur* to gu>d z ! palladium ( social fre$om & dignity4 ,not)/&+ its _m defections1 ! ,*ur* has nev] be5 p]mitt$ to lose sight ( ! ,"l's ideal4 ,ev5 9 ! days ( corrupt$ fai?1 :5 its laudation ( virg9ity 0 mo/ extravagant1 its unmi/akable t5d5cy 0 to ackn[l$ge ! true dignity ( ! wife4#cje ,a rec5t writ] pr(esses to be unable 8to see t ,*ri/ianity has _h any fav\rable effect on ! position ( wom5--on ! contr>y1 x t5d$ r to l[] _! "* & contract ! range ( _! activities40#cjf ,x is noticeable t 8 facts or quotations are drawn f a p]iod :5 asceticism _h deeply ta9t$ ! ,*ur*1 & t !y _c be held to repres5t ! t5d5cy ( ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/4 ,! unmi/akable influ5ce ( ,8 religion has be5 to ennoble family relations1 & to secure woman 9 h] true position z ! companion & helpmeet ( man4 ,x has be5 /at$ by "o :o _c be reg>d$ z a special plead]1 t :at mo/ diff]5tiates ! ,european f ! ,h9du bran* ( ! ,aryan race1 is t ! fir/ has /eadily c>ri$ =w>d1 = ! elevation ( woman1 ! s]ies ( re=ms#cjg f :i* ! o!r1 ?\gh go+ a little way1 recoil$4 ,no "o ne$ fe> to ass]t t ! *ief factor 9 ^! re=ms1 sometimes c>ri$ aga9/ ! resi/ance & opposition ( ! ,*ur*1 0 ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 proportion z ! example ( ,*ri/ has be5 hon\r$1 & ,8 tea*+ has be5 accept$ & obey$1 ! emancipation ( woman & ! recognition ( h] real rights h be5 secur$4 ,9 any case x is c]ta9 t ! religion ( ,buddha1 ?\gh probably n int5d$ to p]petuate ! inf]ior position *>act]i/ic ( woman 9 ! ,ea/1 has succe$$ nei!r 9 lift+ h] out ( x1 nor 9 prev5t+ h] f laps+ m deeply into x4 ,! "t = discov]+ ! wor? ( woman _h n come 9 ,buddha's age1 & we mu/ rememb] 8 antec$5ts & surr\nd+s be=e we condemn 8 e/imate ( or 8 relations to h]4 ,if ! tradition be reliable1 he prophesi$1 ^u yield+ to ,an&a's int]cession1 t because ( wom5 holy liv+ w\ld n long be pres]v$4 ,!y w\ld prove 9 ! fair field ( 8 ,ord] :at 8! disease ( mildew prov$ to be 9 a field ( rice40#cjh ,s ?\gh he admitt$ !m to a sep>ate bran* ( ! ,ord]1 he plac$ !m "u v /r+5t regulations1 & ?or\ghly "u ! tutelage ( ! monks4 8,a nun1 ?\gh admitt$ a nun a hundr$ ye>s ago1 mu/ b[ rev]5tially be=e a monk1 ?\gh only admitt$ to-day40 ,%e mu/ n pass ! ra9y season 9 a di/rict 9 :i* monks 7 n resid+2 %e mu/ report h]self twice a mon? to ! ,sangha = confession & in/ruction2 %e mu/ give ! ,pavran invitation1 & %e mu/1 if guilty ( (f5ce1 atone = x be=e bo? monks & nuns4 ,%e c\ld only be admitt$ aft] a two ye>s' novitiate2 "u no circum/ances mu/ %e revile or rebuke a monk2 yea1 on no occasion :atev] mu/ %e *>ge him ) any (f5ce4#cji ,betwe5 !m & ! sup]ior sex ! /ricte/ sep>ation 0 ma9ta9$ f ! fir/4 ,! bro!r :o 0 to tea* & exhort !m 0 nev] all[$ to ent] _! nunn]y1 unless a si/] 0 v ill4 ,= a monk to j\rney alone ) a nun1 to cross a riv] 9 ! same boat ) "o1 to sit alone ) a nun1 ) or )\t witnesses1 0 a v grave (f5ce4#caj ,9 %ort1 9 ! ,buddhi/ ,sangha wom5 7 only tol]at$ at ! be/1 & !y 7 v sev]ely gu>d$ & re/ra9$1 z creatures n at all calculat$ to influ5ce any "o = good1 & :o c\ld only be prev5t$ or tam$ f do+ mis*ief or h>m4#caa ,! ,sangha1 z a bro!rhood & si/]hood lead+ a celibate life1 c\pl$ ) ab/95ce f lab\r & f active s]vices ( *>ity1 0 simply vici\s 9 its t5d5cy1 & x prov$ "o ( ! mo/ ob/9ate h9drances to ! realisation ( ,buddha's be/ ideas1 & "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful factors 9 ! degradation ( 8 religion4 ,human nature 0 too /rong to submit to su* artificial re/rictions2 s v e>ly !re ga!r$ ar\nd him & 8 monks _m :o w\ld n ab&on _! families & _! call+s1 ?\gh !y took refuge 9 ,buddha1 & prov$ ! reality ( _! devotion by fai?ful s]vice ( ! ,ord] & practice ( ! ,law4 ,^! 7 ! vot>ies1 8upasaka0 7masc471 8upasika0 7fem471 correspond+ ) ! lay associates ( ! great ,m5dicant ,ord]s ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,conv]t$ to ! obs]vance ( ! precepts1 !y c\ld only1 z long z !y cont9u$ 9 ! _w1 be su/a9$ by a v fa9t & f>-(f hope ( deliv]ance4 ,!oretically !y might atta9 to sa9?ood1 & f 8?is %ore0 ( common life1 9 mo/ exceptional cases !y might 8pass across ! dom9ion ( dea?10 & rea* to ! o!r %ore4#cab ,! fa!r ( ,buddha is said to h done s on 8 dea?b$1 & ano!r is record$ 9 ! leg5ds z hav+ ga9$ ,nirvana4#cac ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 x 0 reckon$ impossible = !m to ga9 :at 0 consid]$ z s b>ely possible = ! ,ord] ( ,m5dicants1 t only "o or two ev5 ( !m did actually ga9 x "h4 ,pi\s vot>ies1 h[ev]1 c\ld hope = a happy re-bir?1 & = /r5g? ( m]it to be acquir$2 9 "s h]eaft] suffici5t to enable !m ev5tually to pluck ! fruit ( ,nirvana4 ,= su* lay associates no c]emony ( initiation 0 requir$2 only 9 pres5ce ( a monk ! c&idates made pr(ession t !y took refuge 9 ,buddha & ,dh>ma & ,sangha4 ,!y _h to obs]ve c]ta9 precepts & prohibitions2 _h to r5\nce any trade involv+ ! mak+ or sell+ ( arms1 or ! kill+ ( animals2 !y _h to ab/a9 f all traffic 9 & use ( intoxicat+ dr9ks1 & to put f> away f !m all falsehood1 & !ft1 & un*a/ity4 ,to seal ?is1 h[ev]1 no =mal v[ 0 dem&$ ( ! vot>y1 & to ma9ta9 !m 9 _! ob$i5ce no pa/oral sup]vision 0 accord$4 ,:5 !y transgress$1 ev5 9 ! matt] ( sc&al\s liv+1 !re 0 nei!r c5sure nor discipl9e1 & :5 !y (f5d$ by injur+ ! ,ord] or insult+ "o ( its memb]s1 ! only p5alty inflict$ 0 ! refusal ( _! invitations to d9e1 & ! )drawal f !m ( ! alms-b[l4#cad ,into ! ,uposa?a assemblies !y d>$ n intrude1 & f ! v slighte/ %>e ( ! bus9ess ( ! ,ord] !y 7 /rictly exclud$4#cae ,!y c\ld only li/5 to ! prea*+ ( ! monks1 :om !y c\ld fe$1 & lodge1 & end[ ) h\ses & l&s2 & all ! rew>d !y c\ld hope =1 0 ! prospect ( acquir+ 9 "s future life m]it suffici5t to enable !m to r5\nce ! _w & become m5dicants l !m4 ,= ! pres5t !y 7 n inside1 b only ab\t1 ! circle ( ! ,sakkya-putta-,samanas2 he 0 n a memb] ( ! family1 b only a s]vitor & a slave4#caf ,! elect1 ! disciples 9 de$ & 9 tru?1 ! heirs ( salvation1 7 exclusively ! monks2 & ! ,upsaka at ! be/ 0 "o = :om x 0 good 8cont9u\sly to disp5se rice milk1 & honey lumps1 if he _h a long+ = joy1 :e!r he desir$ heav5ly joy or covet$ only human prosp]ity10#cag ,8 m]it 0 mo/ likely to be acquir$ by be+ useful to ! good1 :o s]v$ him by accept+ 8 (f]+s1#cah & taught him--?\gh to a purpose undream$ ( by ,/4 ,paul :5 he quot$ 8 ,savi\r's say+--t 9 8 case1 at lea/1 x 0 8m bless$ to give ?an to receive40 ,x is to ! la/+ hon\r ( ,buddha t he conv]t$ ! ,sangha into a propag&a = prea*+ to all 8 way ( salvation4 ,he did n1 = he c\ld n1 conceive ( t bett] society :i* our ,"l has creat$ 9 ! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,x is true1 alas6 t ! actual or visible ,*ur* has (t5 c>icatur$1 & has nev] yet prop]ly repres5t$1 its ,"l's ideal2 b x has nev] be5 p]mitt$ :olly to lose sight ( t ,k+dom ^: citiz5%ip is free to all :o believe & rep5t1 & ( t royal prie/hood ( :i* all are memb]s :o tru/ 9 ! "o sacrifice & prevail+ int]cession ( ! ,great ,high ,prie/ ( our pr(ession4 ,if ! visible ,*ur* has fail$ to conv]t1 or ev5 to attract1 ! memb]s ( ! ,buddhi/ ,sanghas1 x is because ( some?+ wrong 9 its me?ods1 or false 9 its pres5tation2 = not)/&+ its failure1 x possesses 9 ! great gospel ( ! ,div9e ,fa!rhood intru/$ to its keep+1 pot5tialities = ga!r+ all mank9d into ! only bro!rhood :i* w satisfy _! heav5-born aspirations4 ,! manife/ation ( x may /ill be a f>-(f ,div9e ev5t1 & to br+ x ab\t ,god may employ _m ag5cies o!r ?an ^? :i* ! ,*ur* z at pres5t organis$ may be will+ to recognise or to use2 b once t holy bro!rhood is manife/$1 ,he alone w be f\nd at ! head ( x1 :o on ,8 way to ,8 agony1 & to ! cross on :i* ,he 0 to reveal to ! utt]mo/ ! love ( ! ,creator = ! human race1 paus$ by ! brook ,k$ron1 & made ?is supplication m+le ) ! ripple ( its wat]s & ! :isp]s ( ! olives ( ,ge?semane1 8,i pray 444 t !y all may be "o1 ev5 z ?\1 ,fa!r1 art 9 me1 & ,i 9 !e1 t !y also may be 9 u40 ,footnote #bdd3 ,sangha1 orig9ally an assembly 7( disciples ga!r$ ar\nd a ,h9du sage74 ,9 ,buddhism1 ! entire frat]nity 7l ! ,ord] ( ,francis or ,dom9ic74--,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 p4 #agf4 ,footnote #bde3 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,prophets ( ,israel1 p4 #bge4 ,footnote #bdf3 ,kullavagga1 vi4 #b1 #c1 #d2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xx44 ,footnote #bdg3 ,web]1 ,indian ,lit]ature1 p4 #cjf4 ,footnote #bdh3 ,dhammapadda1 #ada2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 ,"p i42 ,ptimokkha ,sekhiy ,dhamm1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d2 ibid4 vol4 xiii4 p4 #ei4 ,footnote #bdi3 ,mahp>anibhna ,sutta1 iii4 #fe2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 ,footnote #bej3 ,ku551 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #bgi4 ,footnote #bea3 ,mahavagga1 i4 #aa2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xiii4 ,footnote #beb3 ,ibid4 i4 #ab2 ibid4 vol4 xiii4 ,footnote #bec3 ,ibid4 viii4 #bg4 #e2 ibid4 vol4 xvii42 ,kullavagga1 vi4 #a4 #c2 ibid4 vi4 #i4 #b2 ibid4 vol4 xx4 ,footnote #bed3 ,ku551 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 pp4 #bea seq4 ,! doctr9e t x bore nobl] fruit is expressly contradict$ by "s4 ,see pa/amba1 pres4 ii4 pat4 ix4 khan4 #bc2 also pres4 ii4 pat4 ix4 k4 #bd4 #ae2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #aef1 #aei4 ,footnote #bee3 ,! way ( 8,works0--c]emonial & sacrificial religion2 ! way ( 8,fai?0--devotion 7he>t7 to ! deities )\t works2 ! way ( 8,k10 or true enlight5m5t4--,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 p4 #ie4 ,footnote #bef3 ,sa9t-,hilaire1 ,le ,b\ddha1 etc41 p4 #aeb4 ,footnote #beg3 ,n )\t prote/1 h[ev]1 by fa!rs & doctors ( ! ,*ur*4 ,see ,h]mas1 ,simil4 v42 ,clem4 ,/rom4 iii42 ,t]tullian1 ,de ,jejunio1 p4 #abc seq42 ,de ,pallio1 p4 #aha seq4 ,footnote #beh3 ,giesel]1 ,eccles4 ,hi/4 vol4 i4 pp4 #bhi seq42 ,ne&]'s ,*ur* ,hi/4 vol4 iii4 pp4 #cje seq4 ,footnote #bei3 ,hom4 on ,/4 ,mat?4 #fi1 #gj4 ,footnote #bfj3 ,montalemb]t1 ,monks ( ! ,we/1 vol4 i4 p4 #cai2 ,ne&]'s ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 vol4 iii4 pp4 #cch1 #cci4 ,footnote #bfa3 ,cassian1 ,collationes1 ii4 #e-h2 ,de ,in/it4 ,mona*i1 x42 ,de capitalibus vitiis1 quot$ by ,f>r>1 ,lives ( ! ,fa!rs1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bbd2 ,burton1 ,anatomy ( ,melan*oly1 ii4 #eaj4 ,footnote #bfb3 ,monks ( ! ,we/1 vol4 i4 p4 #bg4 ,footnote #bfc3 ,sutta ,nipta1 #ge-ha2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 p4 ii4 ,footnote #bfd3 ,!od4 ,eccles4 ,hi/4 lib4 iv4 cap4 #bf4 ,footnote #bfe3 8,!y pray$ = ! :ole _w40--,*ryso/4 ,h4 #gh1 ,9 ,johannem4 ,footnote #bff3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 pp4 #cag1 #cah4 ,footnote #bfg3 ,mahavagga1 viii4 #ae2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xvii4 ,footnote #bfh3 8,i am n aw>e ( any in/ances 9 :i* ! p>iah ( ! age is m5tion$ z a memb] ( ! ,ord]40 8,accord+ to ,buddhi/ dogmatics1 a good ,sudra or ,vaisya c\ld only hope to be re-born z a ,k%atrya1 & ?is cle>ly indicates t ! di/9ctions ( ca/es _h by no means vani%$ or become wor?less 9 ,buddha's consci\sness0 7,buddha1 etc41 p4 #aef74 ,footnote #bfi3 ,mahavagga1 i4 #ci4 #gf2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xiii4 ,footnote #bgj3 ,*ri/ianity does n1 z ,goe! av]r$1 8pref] :at is despis$ & feeble10 b z 9 ,god's eyes no?+ is despis$ & abject1 s1 9 fell[%ip ) ! ,fa!r1 ,*ri/ *]i%$ ! maim$ & lame & bl9d1 ?\gh hat$ ( ! s\l ( ! natural man1 & ?is disposition w ev] be a 8m>k0 or 8note0 ( ! true ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,footnote #bga3 ,ku551 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahhb1 p4 #bhd2 ,rhys ,davids1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahha1 p4 #aee4 ,footnote #bgb3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 pp4 #aha1 #ahb4 ,footnote #bgc3 ,! ,scotsman1 ,augu/ #ag?1 #ahhi4 ,footnote #bgd3 ,e4 ,burn\f1 ,sci5ce des ,religions1 p4 #id4 ,footnote #bge3 ,mahavagga1 i4 #di4 #f4 ,footnote #bgf3 ,ibid4 i4 #ed4 #e2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xiii4 ,footnote #bgg3 ,mahavagga1 i4 #g4 #aj-ae2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xiii4 ,footnote #bgh3 ,mahavagga1 i4 #bi4 ,footnote #bgi3 ,ibid4 i4 #gf4 #a-aj4 ,footnote #bhj3 ,buddhism1 p4 #hj2 ,dr4 ,rhys ,davids /ates t a new or cloi/] "n 0 giv5 on admission1 9 ex*ange = ! family "o 7,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #ci71 b ,pr(essor ,old5b]g alleges t ?is is support$ only by solit>y cases 7,buddha1 etc41 p4 #cec note74 ,footnote #bha3 ,mahavagga1 i4 #cj4 #a-d2 also ibid4 vi4 #ad4 #f2 & ,kullavagga1 vi4 #a-b4 ,footnote #bhb3 ,mahavagga1 i4 #gh4 #a-e4 ,footnote #bhc3 ,mahavagga1 i4 #gi4 #a-c4 ,footnote #bhd3 ,mahavagga1 i4 #be4 #a-bd1 = ! duties ( novice to 8 ,upagghya2 ibid4 i4 #cb1 ,kullavagga1 viii4 #ac1 #ad1 = 8 duties to 8 k>iya4 ,! duties to bo? are ! same1 b ! ,upagghya seems to h be5 ! m important ( ! two tutors4 ,footnote #bhe3 ,dr4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,h&book ( ,buddhism1 p4 #afi4 ,footnote #bhf3 ,dhammapada1 #bjj2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 ,"p i4 ,footnote #bhg3 ,ptimokkha2 ,pakittiy ,dhamm1 #aj2 said to be because he might kill or h>m "s liv+ creature4 ,footnote #bhh3 ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold1 ,light ( ,asia1 p4 #ie4 ,footnote #bhi3 ,kullavagga1 v4 vi4 viii4 passim2 ,mahavagga1 i4 #be4 #ae4 ,footnote #bij3 ,dhammapada1 #ada1 #adb2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 ,"p i4 ,footnote #bia3 ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold1 ,light ( ,asia1 pp4 #ie1 #if4 ,footnote #bib3 ,mahavagga1 i4 #ca4 #d4 ,footnote #bic3 ,introduction to ,dhammapada1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 p4 xliv3 a long li/ quot$ f ! ,nor!rn ,scripture by ,dr4 ,edk9s 9 ,*9ese ,buddhism4 ,footnote #bid3 ,! "q 0 ?rice put1 8,are ye pure80 ,mahavagga1 ii4 #a-cf4 ,footnote #bie3 ,see = a specim5 ! ,kullavaga1 v4 #ba2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xx4 ,footnote #bif3 ,bi%op ( ,colombo1 9 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,july #ahhh4 ,footnote #big3 ,mahavagga1 iv4 #a4 #ah2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xiii4 ,footnote #bih3 ,web]1 ,indis*e ,/udi51 x4 #aah2 ,metrical translations by ,dr4 ,john ,muir1 p4 #bej1 :]e ,pr(essor ,eggel+ is quot$4 ,footnote #bii3 ,mah-pagpati ! ,gotami1 8 aunt & nurse 7,kullavaga1 x4 #a7 ^: entreaty1 ?r\gh ,an&a1 l$ him to f\nd ! ,ord] ( ,bikkhuni1 seems m ?an a "n4 ,viskh1 8! ri* & b\ntiful10 is ano!r type ( vot>y 7,mahavagga1 viii4 #ae74 ,footnote #cjj3 ,buddhi/ ,jataka ,/ories1 translat$ by ,rhys ,davids1 pp4 #hg1 #ij2 ,big&et1 ,life ( ,gaudama1 old ed41 pp4 #aef1 #afh4 ,footnote #cja3 ,dhammapada1 #bhd2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 ,footnote #cjb3 ,book ( ! ,great ,decease1 v4 #bc2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xi4 ,footnote #cjc3 ,eitel1 ,lectures on ,buddhism1 p4 #aj4 ,footnote #cjd3 ,kullavagga1 x4 #a4 #c1 #d2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xx4 ,footnote #cje3 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria gives prom95ce to ! value ( m>riage & ( ! family life1 ,/rom4 vii41 ,pa$ag4 iii4 ,s ,t]tullian1 ,ad ,uxorem1 ii4 c4 #h4 ,footnote #cjf3 ,pr9cipal ,donaldson1 ,contempor>y ,review1 ,sept4 #ahhi4 ,footnote #cjg3 ,sir ,h5ry ,s4 ,ma9e1 ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,in/itutions1 p4 #cda4 ,footnote #cjh3 ,kullavagga1 x4 #a4 #f4 ,footnote #cji3 ,kullavagga1 x4 #a4 #bg4 ,footnote #caj3 ,ptimokkha2 ,pakittiy ,dhamm1 #f1 #g1 #bg1 #ff1 #fg4 ,footnote #caa3 8,y are n1 ,o monks1 to b[ d[n be=e wom51 to rise up 9 _! pres5ce1 to /ret* out y\r jo9$ h&s t[>ds !m1 nor to p]=m t[>ds !m ^? duties t are prop] to !m 7f an inf]ior to a sup]ior740--,kullavagga1 x4 #c4 #a4 8,giv+ hon\r unto ! wife1 z unto ! weak] vessel1 & z be+ heirs toge!r ( ! grace ( ,god40--#a ,pet] iii4 #a-g4 ,footnote #cab3 ,dhammapada1 #he1 #hf2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 x4 ,footnote #cac3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,h&book ( ,buddhism1 p4 #abe2 ,sp5ce ,h>dy1 ,ea/]n ,mona*ism1 p4 #aii4 ,footnote #cad3 ,! b[l 0 8turn$ d[n0 9 relation to him1 & 8 h\se became an unlawful resort4--,kullavagga1 v4 #bj4 #c2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xx4 ,footnote #cae3 ,sir ,moni] ,williams /ates t ?\gh vot>ies did n confess to monks1 ! f\r days 7 obs]v$ by !m4--,buddhism1 p4 #hd4 ,footnote #caf3 ,old5b]g1 ,buddha1 etc41 p4 #afb note4 ,footnote #cag3 ,mahavagga1 vi4 #bd4 #a-f4 ,footnote #cah3 ,kullavagga1 vi4 #a-e2 ibid4 vi4 #d4 #aj4 ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,,! ,,two ,,religions ,,9 ,,hi/ory4 ,i4--,ext]nal ,diffusion4 ,9 ,8 apo/les1 & ! disciples :o ga!r$ r\nd !m1 end[$ ) ! memory ( ,8 words & de$s1 two simple sacram5ts1 & a promise t ,he w\ld be ) !m to ! end ( ! on1 :ile !y fulfill$ ,8 commission to evangelise & baptize all nations 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! cont9uance ( ! ,*ur* :i* our ,"l _h f\nd$ 0 secur$4 ,buddha left beh9d him nei!r sacram5t to signify & seal ! b5efits :i* he _h conf]r$1 nor any promise ( p]sonal fell[%ip ) or int]e/ 9 8 foll[]s2 b he 0 surviv$ by ! ,mona/ic ,ord] :i* he _h f\nd$1 by a law conta9+ ! ess5tials ( 8 sy/em1 & a =m ( discipl9e conta9+ ! cu/oms to be obs]v$ 9 _! assemblies1 & ! rules to :i* all ! bre?r5 7 to be subject4 ,?\gh ! p]sonal guide to ,nirvana 0 lo/ to !m1 !y /ill 9 ! law possess$ 8 way to x1 & by obs]v+ ! law1 & foll[+ 8 way1 !y w\ld fulfil 8 la/ /irr+ exhortation1#cai 8,be ye lamps unto y\rselves1 be ye a refuge to y\rselves1 ,o monks40 ,s mu* importance be+ atta*$ to ! law1 8 disciples1 imm$iately aft] 8 decease1 accord+ to ! tradition1 set ab\t collect+ ! mat]ials ( x1 9 8 rememb]$ disc\rses1 decisions1 & 9 all t he said2 & ?is lab\r ( recall+1 det]m9+1 & p]petuat+ 8 tea*+ seems to h occupi$ !m = sev]al g5]ations4 ,!re is no trace ( any correspond+ anxiety on ! "p ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* to collect ! words ( ! ,"l ,jesus4 ,! ,gospels are n ! e>lie/ ( our scriptures1 & !y 7 produc$ m = ! edification ( ,jewi% & ,g5tile conv]ts1 ?an to secure = ! ,*ur* a /&>d ( belief & ( discipl9e4 ,! function ( ! ,*ur* 0 n s mu* to recall & p]petuate ! tea*+ ( its ,"l z to int]pret ! significance ( ,8 life1 & dea?1 & resurrection4 ,no writt5 or rememb]$ in/ructions 7 requir$1 = ! apo/les believ$ t !y _h ,himself to tell !m on e occasion :at !y %\ld d & tea*4 ,f ! v fir/ !y pray$ to ,him 9 full assurance t ,he he>d & answ]$ !m4 ,!y believ$ t ,he _h %[n ,himself to "s ( !m1 & t ,he 0 witness$ = 9 all ( !m by a new possession4 ,! ,g5tile _w _h be5 famili> ) ! ( ! m$ium ?r\gh :om a ,div9e oracle 0 suppos$ to be giv51 & ) ! rabies ( ! h[l+ prie/s ( ! goddess ,cybele1 b ! ,*ri/ians pr(ess$ to be inspir$ by ! 4 ,9 "s in/ances ?is inspiration manife/$ itself 9 extravagant =ms & 9 my/]i\s utt]ances1#cbj b ^? :o 7 mo/ "u its control _h complete possession ( !mselves2 _! spee* 0 intelligible1 & sob]1 & mo/ conv9c+1 mak+ 8manife/ ! secrets ( ! he>t40 ,unque/ionably ?is belief 9 ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,_s--:e!r truly f\nd$ or n--0 univ]sal 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,all ! utt]ances ( primitive ,*ri/ianity1 ! scriptures ( its apo/les1 ! treatises ( its fa!rs & doctors1 & all ! monum5ts ( ! fir/ ages1 be> witness n to a ,*ri/ :o once liv$ & _h di$1 b :o 0 liv+ triumphant & glorifi$1 reign+ = !m1 & 9 !m to reign4 ,unque/ionably also 9 ?is belief 0 ! hid+ ( t p[] :i* enabl$ ! ,*ur* to confront ! :ole _w1 endure ! full weight ( its p]secutions1 & f9ally w9 ! victory ov] x4 ,x also expla9s ! appe>ance 9 ! ,*ur*1 f ! fir/1 ( t succession ( p]sons :o1 because ( _! /rongly m>k$ individualities1 gave bo? direction & impetus to its progress4 ,buddhism1 ?\gh bo? its s\!rn & nor!rn scriptures record a patri>*al succession1 & ?\gh probably n defici5t 9 highly cultur$ disciples1 seems to h lack$ f ! v fir/ m5 :o _h g5ius to organise or intellect to comm& its =ces4 ,its own e>ly writ+s disclose a movem5t :i* v spe$ily congeal$1 because rul$ only by a rememb]$ law1 int]pret$ by v adult]at$ traditions4 ,*ri/ianity repres5ts q a diff]5t movem5t2 x 0 n ! p]petuation ( a sy/em1 b ! developm5t ( a new inspiration1 ( a life manife/$ 9 ,*ri/ & communicat$ to all :o believ$ on ,him4 ,consequ5tly x nev] 0 )\t its h]oes1 :om x _h ! p[] to produce2 & consequ5tly also x nev] c\ld /iff5 into a tradition1 = :]e its lead]s attempt$ to fix x1 9 ei!r confession or 9 ritual1 x 0 sure to evade !m4 ,x has be5 appropriately describ$ z 8! mo/ *angeable ( religions10#cba--mutable 9 its =ms1 immutable 9 its ess5ce4 ,= ,*ri/ianity is n a sy/em ei!r ( philosophy or !ology2 x is a p]petually re=m+ _s1 f$ by fai? 9 ,"o :o is ! same ye/]day1 & to-day1 & = ev]4 ,bo? religions ent]$ ! _w z mission>ies b5t ^u its conv]sion1 & ?\gh ,buddhism 0 aft]w>ds to eclipse ,*ri/ianity 9 ! sup]ficial ext5t ( its conque/s1 ! annals ( ! primitive ,*ur* record a mu* m rapid ext5sion4 ,! e>ly developm5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 ev5 tak+ into acc\nt ! circum/ances :i* help$ or facilitat$ its progress1 rema9s "o ( ! m>vels ( hi/ory4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! ,*ur* is se5 to h ga9$ a foot+ almo/ :]ev] ! waves ( ! ,diaspora _h rea*$4 ,/4 ,paul f\nd ,*ri/ians n only 9 ,rome1 b 9 little ,puteoli1 & 8 lett]s imply t !re 7 *ur*es 9 ,spa9 & 9 s\!rn ,gaul4 ,/4 ,pet] wrote f ,babylon to a wide circle ( ,*ri/ian communities ga!r$ out ( ! regions ( ,asia ,m9or4#cbb ,!re seem to h be5 ev5 !n *ur*es 9 mo/ ( ! *ief cities1 & 9 a multitude ( m9or t[ns all ov] ! ,empire2 & !re is no reason to di/ru/ ! tradition1 t be=e ! la/ ( ! apo/les fell asleep1 ! gospel _h call$ multitudes liv+ f> beyond ! b\nds ( ! ,empire to make good _! citiz5%ip 9 ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,! *ur*es may h be5 small 9 respect ( memb]%ip1 = ! rapid diffusion ( ,*ri/ianity by no means involv$ ! conv]sion en masse ( ! p4 ,facts w h>dly be> out ! gl[+ te/imony ( ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1 :o f\nd 9 ! popul\s metropolis ( a l>ge prov9ce only sev5te5 ,*ri/ians1 & 9 tw5ty-five ye>s report$ t he c\ld f9d only sev5te5 hea!ns4#cbc ,) ,gibbon we may h to disc\nt z 8spl5did exagg]ation0 ! te/imony ( ,t]tullian1 8,he/]ni sumus1 et ve/ra omnia implevimus40 ,/ill ! direct te/imony ( ,tacitus z to ! multitude ( ,*ri/ians 9 ,rome1 ! evid5ce ( ! ,catacombs1 & _m o!r indications1 po9t to ! conclusion t ! rapid num]ical increase ( ,*ri/ians 0 z s+ul> z 0 ! t]ritorial diffusion ( _! religion4 ,! :ole ,empire mu/ h be5 s5sibly leav5$1 & ! conv]ts mu/ = long h be5 ga!r$ f o!r ?an ! l[] classes ( society1 be=e ! conv]sion ( ,con/ant9e became possible4 ,emp]ors--ev5 ,roman ones--foll[ 9 su* matt]s1 & d n lead _! subjects2 & s we may be sure :at _h at fir/ be5 glad tid+s to ! slaves & ! poor mu/ = "s "t h become ! consolation ( _m a noble ,pud5s & ,l9us1 & ( _m a ,claudia ( royal desc5t1 be=e x c\ld be recognis$ z ! religion ( ! ,/ate4#cbd ,_m circum/ances und\bt$ly contribut$ to ?is result4 ,a consolidat$ empire1 ) ne>ly all ! repres5tative nations fus$ into a union1 compris+ all ! exi/+ elem5ts ( culture & =ces ( civilisation2 ! great ,roman highways1 ) means ( easy communication s abundant z to be surpris+ to u2 ! widespread und]/&+ ( ! two lead+ languages1 mak+ virtually ( "o spee* a great section ( ! mo/ important "p ( ! _w2 ! innum]able communities ( ,jews1 ev]y:]e tol]at$1 & 8cutt+ *annels ?r\gh ! adamant9e mass ( hea!n society10#cbe imm5sely aid$ ! mission>y activities ( ! apo/les & _! foll[]s4 ,moreov]1 ! moral & religi\s condition ( ! ,empire1 ! bankruptcy ( ! old fai?1 ! despair & confusion & p]plexity ( p1 ev]y:]e seek+ mighti] or bett] deities ?an !y knew1 ev]y:]e trembl+ 8betwe5 ! two imm5sities ( t]ror10 r5d]$ possible ! victory ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,multitudes 7 ?us prep>$ to welcome a ,deliv]] :o _h come 9 ! "n1 n ( ,jupit] ,maximus ,tonans1 b ( ! ,fa!r 9 heav51 to give peace 9 ?is _w's tribulations1 & sure hope ( joy 9 ! _w beyond x4#cbf ,& yet all ?is1 ev5 :5 add$ to ,gibbon's five causes1 w n acc\nt = ! hi/orical puzzle1 t a fai?1 orig9at+ 9 a mang] 9 a ,syrian cattle-%$1 brood$ ov] = ?irty ye>s ( a life ( pov]ty & toil1 prea*$ = ?ree1 ) ! result ( be+ almo/ univ]sally reject$1 & qu5*$ to all appe>ance 9 ! blood ( crucifixion1 %\ld imm$iately aft] ! dea? ( its ,f\nd] h brok5 out all ov] ! ,roman _w4 ,conv]t+ its ag5ts f f>ms1 & h>b\rs1 & prisons1 x call$ !m to m>tyrdom2 = x s5t !m--poor 8weav]s1 & %oe-mak]s1 & full]s1 & illit]ate cl[ns0--to proclaim 8b>b>\s dogmas10 & 8extravagant hopes10 8univ]sally dete/$0 by ,jew & ,g5tile1 & to be> ! full weight ( a prolong$ s]ies ( p]secutions involv+ indescribable tortures & disgrace4#cbg ,yet someh[ x nev] paus$ = a mom5t1 nev] abat$ "o iota ( its claim1 till 9 ! c\rse ( a few g5]ations x 0 f\nd ^u ! ?rone4 ,we nev] w expla9 ?is wond] by %[+ h[1 z a sy/em ( e?ics1 or z a new !ory ( life1 x f\nd ! condition ( ! _w fav\rable to its reception4 ,! correlation ( ! /ate ( ! _w to ! new fai? has be5 claim$ z provid5tial1--an indication ( a ,div9e purpose mak+ all ?+s "w toge!r1 = ?is manife/ation ( a new p[] or pr9ciple ( life 9 society1 :i* z yet has _h no hi/orical c\nt]p>t4#cbh ,! e>ly scriptures ( ,buddhism1 ?\gh pres]v+ a tradition t 9 twelve ye>s f ! "t 9 :i* ! doctr9e 0 fir/ prea*$ x _h spread ov] sixte5 k+doms1 disclose no su* rapidity ( diffusion4 ,! k+doms ref]r$ to are n to be reg>d$ z k+doms 9 our s5se ( ! ^w1 = 9 ext5t & influ5ce !y w\ld n equal a ,g]man pr9cipality1 & 7 probably only tribal communities4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,buddha ! _m ,sanghas t _h aris5 seem to h suff]$ = lack ( a c5tral gov]n+ p[]4 ,if 8 ,ord] is to be call$ a ,*ur*1 x _h manife/ly no *ur*-gov]nm5t4 ,x _h synods1 & assemblies1 & c\ncils1 b n "o ) ! au?ority ( an cum5ical z repres5tative ( ! :ole4 ,x 0 m ,congregational ?an ,presbyt]ian 9 its con/itution1 & = ?is v reason x 0 weak :5 comp>$ ) ! compact organisation ( ,brahmanism1 ) :i* x compet$ = supremacy4 ,disord] & diss5sion are traceable 9 x f ! fir/1 & ! e>ly texts1 ?\gh conta9+ _m admonitions aga9/ s*ism1 w>n+s t (f5ces mu/ come1 & woes ^u ^? :o w\ld cause !m1 record no practical /eps to prev5t or rem$y !m4#cbi ,vigor\s expansion 0 consequ5tly n to be look$ =1 & = two c5turies we may safely inf] t ,buddhism repres5t$ only a /ruggl+ sect1 :i*1 beyond ! limits 9 :i* x 0 fir/ prea*$1 _h made little1 if inde$ any1 progress4 ,at ! close ( ?is p]iod1 :5 its lit]ature 0 rea*+ a canonical =m1 & its manuals ( discipl9e & common ord] 7 g5]ally 9 use1 x f\nd its ,con/ant9e 9 ! conqu]or ,*&ragupta4 ,9 opposition to ! ,brahmans1 :o despis$ him = 8 l[-ca/e orig91 he seems to h lift$ x f obscurity into ! sun%9e ( really imp]ial fav\r4 ,8 gr&son ,asoka1 :o consolidat$ 8 conque/s1 prov$ its ,!odosius1 9 n only greatly end[+ x1 b 9 e/abli%+ its supremacy4 ,!re 7 no qu>rels betwe5 him & ! ,sanghas z to _! indep5d5ce1 z aft]w>ds betwe5 ! ,emp]ors & ! ,popes1 =1 l a true son ( ! ,*ur*1 he ackn[l$g$ _! au?ority4 ,by obey+ 9 appe>ance1 he 9 reality became1 :at ,buddhism s9ce ! dea? ( its f\nd] sorely ne$$1 ! head ( ! sy/em1 & "u 8 wise & en]getic rule1 ! religion em]g$ into a vig\r :i* x 0 to ma9ta9 = c5turies4 ,an e>ne/ ,buddhi/1 he seems to h be5 some?+ bett]4 ,he call$ himself ,pryad>si1#ccj ! 8belov$ ( ! gods10 & a ,daniel inde$ he appe>s to h be51 rais$ up = ! bless+ ( millions4 ,8 edicts--/one inscriptions f\nd all ov] ,india--! fir/ writt5 te/imonies :i* ,buddhism left ( itself1#cca all brea! a l(ty _s ( righte\sness & k9dness & tol]ation1 appeal+ to bo? ,brahman & ,buddhi/1 & comm5d+ !mselves at ?is day1 8to ,jew & ,*ri/ian & ,moslem alike1 z "p ( ! univ]sal religion ( humanity40#ccb ,"o ( !m ref]s to a c\ncil :i* he assembl$ at ,patna1 = ! pacification & re=mation ( ! ,ord]4 ,dur+ its session ! anci5t collections ( rules & dogmas 7 rehe>s$1 & z ! li/ is consid]ably %ort] ?an ! cont5ts ( ! ,tripitaka1 we may be sure t ! ,s\!rn tradition t ,buddha himself 0 ! au?or ( all ! books compris+ t collection has no f\ndation 9 fact4#ccc ,a f> m mom5t\s act ( ?is anci5t c\ncil ?an ! rec5sion ( ! canon1 0 t ( e/abli%+ ! fir/ great ,buddhi/ missions4 ,to a reviv$ & re=m$ ,ord] ! sugge/ion ( ! pi\s k+1 t !y %\ld g =? & fulfil _! great tea*]'s orig9al commission1 0 welcome4 ,_! diss5sions1 z has (t5 happ5$ 9 ,*ri/5dom1 7 due to _! liv+ to !mselves4 ,an army inactive 9 qu>t]s1 is m likely to qu>rel or mut9y ?an "o 9 s]vice 9 ! field4 ,^! good ,buddhi/s wisely det]m9$ to c>ry ! w> ( deliv]ance beyond !m1 & s into ! ,punjab1 ,ka%mir1 ! ,c5tral ,himalayan regions1 ov] into ! ,malay ,p59sula1 w5t ! mission>ies1 arm$ only ) ! words ( ! ,law or ! leg5ds :i* _h be5 float+ r\nd ! memory ( _! ma/]1 & support$ only by ! (f]+s put into _! alms-di%1 to ga9 :atev] victories !y c\ld 9 ! fair conflict ( reason ) reason4#ccd ,9 ,india !y w\ld ( c\rse be support$ by imp]ial influ5ce1 & inde$ ! mission to ,ceylon1 head$ by ,mah9da1 ! son ( ,asoka1 seems to h be5 accr$it$ by royal embassy2 b n[h]e 0 ,buddhism propagat$ z ,islam subsequ5tly 0 by ,mohamm$1 or z ,*ri/ianity 0 by ,*>lemagne1 ) an army at its back4 ,races ev] ready to cr$it ! sup]natural w\ld probably be m easily won by ! wond]s :i* 7 !n be+ =mulat$ 9 ref]5ce to ,buddha2 b :atev] be ! explanation ( x1 ! success ( ^! mission>ies anticipat$ t ( ! apo/les4 ,9 ,ceylon !re 0 f\nd$ a ,sangha1 :i* 0 de/9$ to nurse & pres]ve ! orig9al cre$ 9 some:at ( its purity1 :5 all ! o!rs betray$ & corrupt$ x4 ,surviv+ sev]al *anges ( dyna/y1 t ,sangha1 #ccj ye>s aft] ,buddha's decease1 is said to h r$uc$ its canon to writ+4 ,! result has be5 some:at contradictory to ! !ory1 t x matt]s v little :e!r a canon be oral or writt51 = ,s\!rn ,buddhism1 hav+ an au?ority to :i* x 0 ?us e>li] an*or$1 has held m closely to ! orig9al sy/em1 f :i*1 hav+ no su* *eck = long1 e section ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism has irrecov]ably fall5 away4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,asoka1 ! empire :i* he s\ght to consolidate by ! prea*+ ( ! ,law fell to pieces1 & ,buddhism 0 de/9$ to be te/$ by m ?an "o rude %ock4 ,a ,brahman reaction took place1 :i* is ev5 suppos$ to h result$ 9 ! p]secution ( all ,buddhi/s liv+ 9 ,india4 ,if s1 x 0 ! fir/ :i* ! religion enc\nt]$--s unlike ,*ri/ianity1 :i* _h to endure = ?ree c5turies ! fi]ce assaults ( its enemies4 ,p]secution by a religion s tol]ant z ,brahmanism is h>d to conceive1 b if x took place at ?is p]iod1 x only t5d$1 z 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian trials1 to ! wid] expansion ( ! p]secut$ fai?4 8,!y t 7 scatt]$ abroad w5t ev]y:]e prea*+0 ! ,law4 ,"s ( !m pu%$ ?r\gh ,afghani/an into ! regions ( ,c5tral ,asia1 & !re1 j z ,ulphilas & ,sev]9us1 c5turies lat]1 ga9$ a hold ov] ! wild races t conqu]$ ! moribund ,empire1 s ,buddhi/ mission>ies succe$$ 9 s[+ ! se$s ( _! ,law among ! rude ,scy?ian tribes1 :o 7 !n 9 great commotion 9 _! va/ inl& /eppes4 ,driv5 f _! ance/ral homes1 a bran* ( ! great tribe ( ,huns ab\t #afj ,b4,c4 ov]?r[ ! ,bactrian k+dom1 & aft] g5]ations ( /ruggle !y conqu]$ ,ka%mir1 ! ,punjab1 & a consid]able "p ( ,india4 ,!n j z ! ,go?s & ,huns1 9 ! mom5t ( _! conque/ ( ,rome1 t5d]$ _! submission to ,*ri/ianity1 s ! conv]sion ( ,kaniska1 ! greate/ ( ! ,indo-,scy?ian k+s1 a contempor>y ) ,augu/us & ,antony1 enabl$ ,buddhism to ent] ) fre% vig\r ^u a second p]iod ( v brilliant supremacy4#cce ,?\gh ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,buddhi/s 0 already %[+ itself1 & ?\gh soon aft] x manife/$ itself 9 a div]g5ce z complete z t :i* sund]$ ! ,greek ,or?odox f ! ,lat9 ,ca?olic ,*ur*es1 monum5tal evid5ce1 h>monis+ ) t d]iv$ f its own lit]>y relics1 indicates t = f\r or five c5turies aft] ?is ,buddhism 0 mo/ successfully propagat$ almo/ ev]y:]e save 9 ,india4 ,9 ! l& ( its orig9 x 0 gradually decl9+1 because draw+ ne>] to ! ,brahmanism f :i* x _h sec$$4 ,fa-,hian 9 ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury1 ?\gh describ+ x z dom9ant ev]y:]e1 f\nd ! place ( its nativity only a wild]ness4#ccf ,lat] on1 ! vih>as 7 des]t$1 ! dagobas 9 ru9s1 8! monks 7 few1 ! h]etics _m10 & by ! sev5? c5tury ! process ( assimilation ) & absorption into ,h9duism 0 9 ,india1 save 9 widely sep>at$ & remote localities1 almo/ complete4 ,:at x lo/ 9 ,india1 h[ev]1 x 0 to ga9 9 o!r directions4 ,its greate/ conque/ 0 9 ,*9a4 ,9 ! days ( ,asoka eighte5 mission>ies are said to h rea*$ ,*9a1 :]e !y are held 9 rev]5ce to ?is day1 _! images occupy+ a conspicu\s place 9 e temple4 ,! fai? :i* !y introduc$ seem$ to h /ruggl$ ) v little success to ga9 a foot+ till ab\t ,a4,d4 #fh4ccg ,?irte5 ye>s be=e ?is date1 9 ob$i5ce to a vision :i* appe>$ to him at ,troas1 ,/4 ,paul br\ght ,*ri/ianity f ,asia to ,europe4 ,on ! ?irtie? day ( ! twelf? ,*9ese mon? 9 ,a4,d4 #fh1 ! ,emp]or ,m+ti1 9 consequ5ce ( a dream1 s5t ambassadors to ! di/ant ,we/ = ,buddhi/ monks & manuscripts4#cch ,travell+ 9 almo/ royal /ate1 ! invit$ mission>ies 7 accord$ 9 ,*9a a welcome 9 m>vell\s contra/ to ! reception ( ! ,*ri/ian apo/le 9 ! fir/ colonial city he _h rea*$4 ,f ?is "t onw>ds a p]petual succession ( monks & manuscripts ent]$ ,*9a2 yet1 ?\gh tol]at$ f ! fir/1 & (t5 royally patronis$1 c5turies elaps$ be=e x succe$$ 9 w9n+ a place z "o ( ! ?ree religions ( ,*9a1 :ile ,*ri/ianity1 p]secut$ f ! fir/1 succe$$ aft] a fi]ce /ruggle 9 conqu]+ ! ,empire ( ,rome1 & !n by a long process 9 evangelis+ ,europe4 ,! conv]sion ( ! mo/ ( ,ea/]n ,asia 0 ! "w ( ! ,nor!rn or m corrupt ,buddhism4 ,s\!rn ,buddhism1 l ! or?odox ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 :i* cont5t$ itself ) its evangeli/ic a*ievem5ts among ! ,go?s1 & its ,ne/orian missions1 soon exhau/$ its propagative =ce4 ,! introduction ( ! religion into ,burma1 ,siam1 & ! adjac5t k+doms1 may be said to sum up its triumphs4 ,nor!rn ,buddhism1 on ! o!r h&1 ran f ! beg9n+ ( our era a c\rse ( un*eck$ triumphs4 ,9 ! close ( ! f\r? c5tury x spread f ,*9a to ,corea1 & 9 ! six? x rea*$ ,japan4 ,previ\s to ?is x ent]$ ! isolat$ regions ( ,tibet1 m welcom$ ?an resi/$ by ! demonolatr\s inhabitants on acc\nt ( ! adult]at$ =m 9 :i* x pres5t$ itself4 ,!re1 aft] a /ruggle = "s two c5turies1 x succe$$1 ab\t ! p]iod :5 ,islam 0 beg9n+ its conque/s else:]e1 9 secur+ /rong royal support4 ,aft] exp]i5c+ = _m g5]ations ! vicissitudes ( popul>ity & p]secution1 ! conque/s ( ,g5ghiz1 & ! /rong fav\r ( ,kublai1 8 greate/ successor1 e/abli%$ its hi]>*y z supreme1 & 9 spite ( *anges ( dyna/y1 x has !re dom9at$ ! :ole relations ( life 9 a mann] l unto1 b to an ext5t f> beyond1 ! wilde/ dreams ( ,rome's mo/ ambiti\s ,pope4#cci ,x ?us appe>s t ,buddhism 9 ! second p]iod ( its hi/ory1 & aft] x _h succe$$ 9 w9n+ ! support ( p[]ful k+s1 rea*$ its fur!/ ext5sion & a*iev$ its gr&e/ conque/s4 ,*ri/ianity1 on ! o!r h&1 0 m rapidly diffus$ 9 ! primitive ?an 9 ! subsequ5t ages4 ,te/$ by its int5sive hold ^u ! nations1 x _h only nom9ally conv]t$ ! ,roman ,empire by ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,gibbon's e/imate ( ! numb] ( ,*ri/ians )9 x1 is ackn[l$g$ by fri5dly au?orities1#cdj l ,bi%op ,lightfoot1 to err if at all on ! side ( excess4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,con/ant9e1 probably n a tw5tie? ( ! :ole population ( ! ,empire 7 ,*ri/ians1 ev5 by pr(ession4 ,aft] ?is p]iod1 no d\bt1 ! proportion mu/ h greatly increas$1 = ! b>b>\s hordes t p\r$ d[nw>ds 9 successive deluges ov] ! ,s\? 7 conv]t$ s sudd5ly & s sil5tly t 8sc>ce a leg5d rema9s to tell ! tale40 ,9 reg>d1 h[ev]1 to ! conv]sion ( hea!n ,europe1 x is a mi/ake to suppose t ! mission>ies _h only to come1 & see1 & conqu]4 ,! conv]sion ( ,engl& by ! ,roman monks1 & ( ,irel&1 ,scotl&1 & ,wales by ,ori5tal &1 x is said1 ,arian mission>ies1 _c be said to h be5 accompli%$ be=e ! close ( ! sev5? c5tury4 ,aft]w>ds1 ! conv]sion ( ,c5tral & ,nor!rn ,g]many occupi$ ! ,celtic & ,briti% mission>ies = two c5turies4 ,! conv]sion ( ! ,sc&9avians1 beg9n+ 9 ! n9?1 c\ld n be said to h be5 effect$ till ! middle ( ! elev5? c5tury1 :ile t ( ,slavonia1 und]tak5 9 ! t5?1 did n t]m9ate1 if inde$ ev5 !n1 be=e ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! conque/ ( ,europe 0 ! result ( a prolong$ & (t5 desultory w>f>e1 9 :i*1 :ile ! advance 0 sl[1 ,*ri/ianity sometimes fail$ to hold ! gr\nd :i* x _h ga9$4 ,! p[]ful ,*ur*es 9 ,asia1 ! seats ( its great ,c\ncils & ! capitals ( its rule1 ei!r di$ or 7 swept away2 ,antio* & ,con/ant9ople1 once its citadels1 became ! /rongholds ( an ali5 & ho/ile fai?2 ! mighty ,*ur*es ( ,egypt & ,abyss9ia dw9dl$ into a condition ( imm$icable disease1 & ! fl\ri%+ ,*ur* ( ,africa1 ) its m ?an six hundr$ bi%oprics1 0 simply1 because ripe = de/ruction1 oblit]at$ by ! =ces ( ,islam4 ,t[>d ! latt] half ( ! t5? c5tury x seem$ z if ,*ri/ianity 9 ,europe 0 surely foll[+ ! fate ( ,buddhism be=e its disappe>ance f ,india4 ,on all sides x 0 press$ 9 ! deadly grip ( ,pagan & ,moslem alike1 :ile its bi%ops1 & prie/s1 & nobles1 oblivi\s ( ! dang]1 7 liv+ 9 s9ful self-indulg5ce4 ,x seem$ z if ,*ri/5dom 0 be+ surely blott$ out f ! geography ( ! _w2 & yet z by a miracle x surviv$1 or 0 pres]v$1 till came ! ,r5aissance1 & t m>vell\s em]g5ce ( mission>y zeal1 :i* s5t ,*ri/ianity1 ,re=m$ & ,unre=m$1 to ! v ends ( ! e>?1 & :i*1 increas+ 9 e g5]ation s9ce !n1 0 nev] m abundant nor m f]v5t ?an n[4#cda ,*ri/ianity1 unlike ,buddhism1 came v e>ly into collision ) ! mo/ advanc$ civilisation & highe/ culture ( ! _w1 :ile ,buddhism = c5turies enc\nt]$ only ! religions ( inf]ior peoples4 ,! only equal or sup]ior civilisation :i* x met 0 t ( ,*9a1 & !re1 ?\gh tol]at$ & ev5 patronis$ f ! fir/1 x seems = c5turies to h be5 reg>d$ z an exotic4 ,natives ( ,india1 l ! ,jews 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 7 all[$ to build ,buddhi/ temples1 b only 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,a4,d4 did ,*9ese p beg9 ext5sively to be conv]t$ to ! ,buddhi/ religion4 ,z x rose into fav\r its conflicts ) ! ,confuciani/s began1 & ! issue ( its v>i$ =tunes has be51 t ?\gh indirectly x has greatly influ5c$1 x has only subdu$ a section ( ! ,*9ese p4#cdb ,:ile o!r inf]ior races came quickly "u its influ5ce1 ! mo/ civilis$ ( ,ea/]n peoples resi/$ x1 & h at mo/ only be5 leav5$ by x4#cdc ,*ri/ianity _h also its easy conque/s1 z :5 "s nor!rn tribes 7 conv]t$ 9 a day by ! baptism ( _! *iefs2 b its pr9cipal /ruggle ) ! hi/oric ,paganism ( ari/ocratic ,rome 0 fi]ce & obdurate4 ,!re ! position1 z 9 ! case ( ,h9duism to-day1 0 n c>ri$ by assault1 b by sl[ & almo/ imp]ceptible approa*es4 ,! ,*ur* at ,rome = two c5turies 0 m a ,greek ?an a ,lat9 "o4 ,! names ( its bi%ops 7 ,greek1 & ! ,catacomb inscriptions suffici5tly indicate t ,greek 0 ! language ( its memb]s4 ,sl[ly & indirectly1 h[ev]1 x ga9$ ! hold ^u anci5t ?\ght & cu/om1 op]at+ l an alt]ative 9 ! sy/em1 supplant+ :at 0 good1 by simply tak+ possession ( x & inspir+ x ) a new life1 :ile t :i* 0 decay+ & wax+ old gradually vani%$ away4 ,9 ?is respect1 !re=e1 !re is a significant diff]5ce betwe5 ! two religions4 ,*ri/ianity1 ) all ! _w aga9/ x1 & 9 spite ( ?ree c5turies ( unp>allel$ p]secutions1 succe$$ 9 vanqui%+ ! highe/1 :ile yet approv+ itself z a gospel to ! l[e/ civilisation4 ,buddhism1 ) ! greate/ p[]s ( ! ,ea/]n _w 9 its fav\r1 & nev]1 p]haps1 save 9 ,*9a1 call$ to be> ! %ock ( a s+le p]secution1 has only succe$$ 9 be+ accept$ by inf]ior bran*es ( ! human race4 ,! ,h9du ,aryans1 assimilat+ :at ( x !y approv$1 reject$ :at ( x 0 peculi> & di/9ctive4 ,! ,semitic foll[]s ( ,islam simply cru%$ x "u foot1 & x nev] rose high en\gh ev5 to t\* ! ,we/]n ,aryans4#cdd ,v e>ly x )drew itself entirely )9 ! circles ( ! ,turanian peoples2 & if to-day 9 ,mongolia1 ,man*uria1 among ! ,kalmucs on ! ,wolga1 & ! ,bunjads on ! %ores ( ! ,baikal ,sea1 x may be said to be advanc+1 ! mo/ compet5t au?orities assure u t ev]y:]e else its progress is arre/$1 & t1 ev5 :]e x is mo/ upheld by local gov]nm5ts1 9 ! regions ( its mo/ dom9ant supremacy1 x yields manife/ signs ( decay4#cde ,ano!r & ev5 m significant contra/ is f\nd 9 ! fact t ! advance ( ,*ri/ianity has ev] be5 f>!/ & mo/ rapid :5 its fai? 0 purely taught & mo/ consi/5tly illu/rat$4 ,x nev] s\ght peace ) o!r religions )\t be+ defeat$1 & nev] alli$ itself ) sup]/ition )\t br++ %ame & disa/] on all conc]n$4 ,x has _h its p]iods ( det]ioration & defection1 b someh[ x has always surviv$ !m4 ,inde$1 its vitality is z truly indicat$ by ! corruptions :i* x has outliv$1 z by ! ext]nal opposition :i* x has vanqui%$4 ,its real conque/s are due to ! expansive p[] ( its inh]5t & orig9al pr9ciples4 ,! v opposite is ! case ) ,buddhism4 ,its fundam5tal pr9ciples be+ unnatural & repugnant to ! ess5tial in/9cts ( mank9d1 x 0 f ! v fir/ a morbid gr[?1 hav+ 9 x ! se$s ( decay4 ,x nev] c\ld h liv$ 9 ! /r5g? ( its own pr9ciples1 & s ! /ory ( its advance is "o ( p]petual compromise ) e popul> sup]/ition t x met4 ,! m x assimilat$ itself to !m1 ! m x seem$ to gr[2 b z =eign influ5ces took possession ( x1 its own life ooz$ out ( x1 till v e>ly x repres5t$ a sy/em s p]v]t$ t its f\nd] w\ld h repudiat$ & abhorr$ x4 ,! ,*ur* has (t5 trave/i$ ,*ri/ianity1 b x nev] fell f ! fai? s fe>fully z ,buddhism has ev]y:]e fall5 f ! orig9al doctr9e ( ,buddha4 ,religion1 wor%ip1 ev5 ! pure/1 he int5d$ by 8 sy/em to sup]s$e1 & n[ 8 "n is employ$ to support ! grosse/ ( all sup]/itions1#cdf a religion ) m idols 9 x ?an t ( ! mo/ idolatr\s ( peoples1 a wor%ip f\nd$ on ! efficacy ( magical incantations1 & ( pray]s r5d]$ by ma*9es4 ,j = ?is v reason its ,,ii4--,int]nal ,hi/ory is v in/ructive1 & we %all n[ proce$ to consid] a few ( its mo/ sali5t po9ts4 ,buddhism1 9 a quiet l& & tranquil age1 0 laun*$ ^u ! _w z a new !ory ( life--a sy/em s r\nd$ (f & complet$ t its disciples _h no o!r duty ?an t ( believ+1 obey+1 & propagat+ x4 ,*ri/ianity1 on ! o!r h&1 began its c>e] amid ! convulsions ( political revolution1 & = ?ree c5turies ( conflict x _h to fight e in* ( its way4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 z a new sy/em t x appe>$ 9 hi/ory1 b z a new pr9ciple ( life1 r\nd :i* all ! moral1 & spiritual1 & intellectual en]gies :i* x f\nd 9 mank9d1 & all :i* itself might awak51 might =m & ga!r /r5g?4 ,x 0 impossible1 !re=e1 t x ev] c\ld rema9 /ation>y4 ,its apo/les 7 commission$ to c>ry on all t _! ,"l _h 8begun bo? to d & to tea*40 ,he di/9ctly promis$ !m increase ( k & p[] f on high1 & all ! *anges :i* increase or gr[? implies4 ,to-day ,8 religion c\ld no m be made to return to ! =m 9 :i* x 0 manife/$ eighte5 c5turies ago ?an man c\ld be made to put on ! clo!s ( 8 *ildhood4 ,its developm5t1 h[ev]1 is t ( its inh]5t life1 manife/+ all ! cont9uity & id5tity ( ! sapl+ ) ! tree1 ( ! boy ) ! man4 ,l all gr[+ ?+s1 x has be5 subject to disease by contagion & infection1 b x has always pres]v$ life 9 suffici5t volume to sl\gh (f its impurities & to pass onw>d ?r\gh re=mation to heal?4 ,n[1 ! hi/ory ( ,buddhism1 on ! contr>y1 reveals only a long process ( degradation1 )\t hav+ manife/$ any p[] z yet to recov] & to re=m itself accord+ to its orig9al & ess5tial pr9ciples4#cdg ,! (fspr+ ( ,brahmanism1 f :i* x diff]$ m 9 degree ?an 9 sub/ance1 at no p]iod ( its hi/ory did x succe$ 9 completely dis5tangl+ itself f x4 ,n only did ! =ms ( ! old religion cl+ to x2 its v life 0 cont9u$ 9 ! new4 ,:ile ,buddha reject$ all ! sacrificial rites & religi\s obs]vances ( ,brahmanism1 & prea*$ a law subv]sive ( all its fai? 9 revelation1 he accept$ & cont9u$ its ascetism & its hope ( deliv]ance by a process ( m$itation & ( ab/raction4 ,x 0 by himself1 !re=e1 & n by 8 c\s9 ,dvadatta1#cdh t ! h]etic leav5 0 introduc$ into ! lump4 ,dvadatta's attempt$ *anges 7 n innovations1 b a return to ! primitive rule1 a logical d$uction f a law :i* ,gotama nev] :olly reject$4 ,j z to ! patri>*s ( ! ,greek1 ! ,we/]n or ,romi% ,*ur* 8is ! *ief h]esy ( latt] days10 j z ! ,pope 0 br&$ 9 _! ,encyclical ( #ahdh 8z ! fir/ f\nd] ( ,g]man ,rationalism10#cdi s ! successive advances & or?odox decisions ( ! ,buddhi/ ,c\ncils 7 d5\nc$ z apo/asies by m5 l ,dvadatta4 ,/ill ^! *anges 7 due 9 great measure to ! beliefs :i* ,buddhism _h inh]it$1 = :5 9 ! inevitable reb\nd f its unnatural ,nihilism ! !i/ic movem5t set 91 ! _s ( ,brahmanism1 :i* _h pass$ into x at ! fir/1 began to ass]t itself1 &1 int]p5etrat+ x m & m1 prep>$ x = t issue 9 :i*1 bl5d+ ) ! popul> =ms 9 :i* ,brahmanism 0 !n express+ itself1 ,buddhism m]g$ into ! composite sy/em ( ,h9duism :i* confronts u 9 ,india to-day4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity1 z 9 nature1 ! graft+ ( ! good /ock ^u ! wild conqu]$ ! wild4 ,*ri/ took no?+ f ,judaism b ! univ]salism ( its prophets1 its fai? 9 "o liv+ & true ,god1 ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r ( multitudes :om ,abraham 0 ignorant (1 & ,israel did n ackn[l$ge4 ,8 apo/les1 judg$ by ! lit]ature :i* !y h bequea!d1 seem fai?fully to h c>ri$ out ,8 pr9ciples2 b _m ( _! conv]ts 7 /rict ,jews1 :o insi/$ ^u "s visible connection ) ! old religion4 ,j z ,dvadatta1 _! prototype1 held t a true ,buddhi/ mu/ fir/ be a good ,brahman 9 respect ( asceticism1 s !y insi/$ t ,*ri/ians 7 debtors to keep :at ( ! old law 0 express$ 9 circumcision1 & ! obs]vance ( c]ta9 o!r comm&m5ts & ord9ances4 ,! dang] ( ,*ri/ianity be+ r$uc$ to ! bondage ( ! old 0 s]i\s1 b ! inspiration ( ,/4 ,paul1 ! provid5tial de/ruction ( ! nation1 & ! m>vell\s spread ( ! religion among ! ,g5tiles1 ev5tually ov]came x4 ,! _s ( ,judaism1 x is true1 has nev] be5 :olly ca/ out f ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,all ?r\gh its hi/ory x is traceable 9 "o =m or ano!r ( ! ritualism & asceticism :i*1 l ,brahmanism1 x may be held to repres5t4 ,!re h be5 times :5 x has atta9$ to port5t\s & p]nici\s influ5ce1 & su* times may happ5 aga92 b f ! e>ly days !re has always be5 9 ,*ri/ianity vitality suffici5t to detect & try & condemn x2 & s ?\gh ,judaism1 & ev5 ,paganism1 to "s ext5t1 /ill ta9t ! !ology & wor%ip ( ! ,*ur*1 we ne$ h no fe> t ! g5ius ( ! old religion w ev] ga91 z x did 9 ! case ( ,buddhism1 p]man5t asc5d5cy ov] ! new4 ,! opposite ( ,ritualism & ,asceticism1 repres5t$ by ,judaism & ,brahmanism1 is ! ,rationalism :i* su* re=m+ religions may be said to beget ( !mselves2 & if its _s ( inquiry be uncontroll$1 x w c]ta9ly dissipate _! en]gy4 ,z e>ly z ,/4 ,paul's day we see ,rationalism work+ ^u ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 & necessitat+ ! rise ( a !ology1 :i*1 p]haps inevitably1 has (t5 be5 conf\nd$ )1 &1 9 ! e/imation ( _m1 has supplant$ ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,! _m sects :i* ,rationalism produc$ 9 ! fir/ c5turies d n s mu* indicate ho/ility to ! new fai?1 z ! mighty f]m5t ?r\gh :i* ! m9ds ( m5 7 pass+ 9 reg>d to x4 ,n[ ?\gh ,buddhi/ scriptures manife/ rationali/ic movem5ts 9 ! ,sanghas f ! fir/1 !y seem to h proce$$ 9 q a diff]5t direction4 ,( conflict z to fundam5tals ( cre$ !re appe>s to be v little trace1 b !re are abundant indications ( consid]able controv]sy z to practice4 ,! fir/ qu>rel traceable 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* arose ov] ! peculi> in/itution ( community ( goods2 & ?\gh ! ,sanghas avoid$ t mi/ake1 _! e>lie/ tr\bles 7 conc]n+ ! possession ( prop]ty4 ,! orig9al rule enjo9$ ^u ! bre?r5 absolute pov]ty1 & ! regulations 9 reg>d to food & %elt] 7 equally /r+5t4 ,v soon aft] ,buddha's decease a reaction set 91 & a feel+ began to prevail t 8 /&>d ( morality & 8 ideal ( ! ,ord] 7 too l(ty = all b exceptional m5 to realise4 ,he may h succe$$ z ! fully ,enlight5$ ,"o1 b common m5 c\ld n hope to 8w9d !mselves s high20 s out ( consid]ation = human infirmity !re comm5c$ a con/ant & increas+ relaxation 9 _! int]pretation ( 8 precepts ( p]fection4#cej ,! law ( absolute pov]ty 0 modifi$ to ! ext5t t prop]ty might be held 9 common1 & ! laws regulat+ diet1 dress1 & ev5 m$itation1 7 soon subject$ to ! same treatm5t4 ,! weal? :i* p\r$ 9 ^u !m1 & ! consequ5t improvem5t ( _! position1 0 n foll[$ by correspond+ spiritual gr[?4 ,! m !y prosp]$1 ! m ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,ord] 7 neglect$1 evad$1 or expla9$ away4 ,! fri5dly conf]5ces ( ! ra9y season gave place to controv]sy1 & controv]sy prov$ s fruitful ( s*ism1 t v e>ly 9 its c>e] ,buddhism is said to h produc$ eighte5 diff]5t sects1 rang$ 9 f\r great divisions4 ,yet 9 no "o s*ism seem$ !re a great pr9ciple to be involv$2 !y 7 b ,ph>isee qu>rels at be/1 9 :i* ?\gh !y /ra9$ out ! gnat !y swall[$ ! camel4#cea ,side by side ) ?is relaxation ( ! law advanc$ ! gr[? ( ! leg5ds conc]n+ him :o fir/ prea*$ x4 ,! fur!r !y remov$ f 8 decease1 ! high]1 z 0 natural1 he rose 9 _! e/eem4 ,z "o by "o ! fa!rs fell asleep1 & ! e>ly en?usiasm di$1 & ! law 0 felt to be m & m burd5some1 ! less he seem$ to be a man ( l passions ) !mselves1 till ev5tually !y came to reg>d him z 8omnisci5t & absolutely s9less40#ceb ,he _h tak5 away _! gods1 & dis[n$ _! religi\s crav+s4 ,he pr(ess$ to f9d no prop] div9e be+ to :om any in/9ct %\ld atta* itself--yea1 9 8 dissection & analysis ( human nature he f\nd no religi\s faculty to be reli$ ^u2 b he c\ld n unmake 8 fell[-m51 ^: religi\s in/9ct education c nei!r orig9ate nor eradicate2 & s1 defraud$ ( its natural gratification1 x inevitably turn$ to illegitimate me?ods ( appeas+ itself4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 x f\nd ! objects ( its rev]5ce 9 ! relics :i* surviv$ him1 ! law :i* he prea*$1 & ! ,ord] :i* he f\nd$4 ,orig9ally x c\ld n be call$ wor%ip2 x 0 m an expression ( affectionate homage4#cec ,b s /rong is man's impulse to wor%ip1 t v e>ly !y express$ x 9 images ( ,buddha ev]y:]e1 ?\gh ! images ( ! ,law & ( ! ,ord] h only be5 f\nd 9 ! l&s :]e ! ,nor!rn ,buddhism reigns4 ,?is e>lie/ triad ( p]sonalities1 call$ 8triratna10 ! ?ree gems or ?ree holies1 seems to h be5 sugge/$ by1 & c]ta9ly corresponds )1 ! primitive triad ( deities 9 ! old ,indian ,pan!on4#ced ,x 0 ! fir/ indication ( ! bankruptcy ( ,buddhism1 ( its failure out ( its own res\rces to meet ! religi\s wants ( its disciples1 & x m>k$ only ! beg9n+ ( a revolt1 :i* 0 to issue 9 complete disav[al ( e doctr9e ess5tial to orig9al ,buddhism4 ,! religi\s consci5ce & common s5se :i* rebell$ aga9/ its unnatural a!ism1 w\ld n long be satisfi$ ) ! wor%ip ( ! memory ( a completely vani%$ ,buddha1 or ( ! idea ( an imp]sonal ,law1 or ( a miscellane\s ,ord]4 ,s pi\s ,buddhi/s turn$ readily to a doctr9e said to be taught by ! ,ma/]1 & =mulat$ be=e ! settlem5t ( ! ,s\!rn canon 9 its pres5t =m1 accord+ to :i* ,buddha is n a di/9ctive "n ( j "o p]son1 b a title descriptive ( a long s]ies ( ,enlight5$ ,ones1 :o1 leav+1 z he 0 suppos$ to h done1 ! e/ate ( a ,bdhisatva#cee 9 ! ,tu%ita heav5s1 appe>$ at di/ant int]vals to proclaim ! same tru? = ! deliv]ance ( m5 & gods4 ,! names ( tw5ty-f\r ( ^! ,buddhas :o prec$$ ,gotama h be5 h&$ d[n1 & ! "n ( 8 successor1 to :om1 ^u ! atta9m5t ( ,buddhahood1 he transf]r$ 8 ,bdhisatva%ip1 & :o is to appe> aft] five ?\s& ye>s = ! r$iscov]y ( ! tru?1 0 ann\nc$ z ,mitrya4 ,to ?is com+ "o1 ! ,buddha ( 8k9dness & m]cy0--?\ght to be a p]sonification by "s imag9ative poet ( ! g5tle _s ( ,buddhism--! ?\ghts & ! hopes ( ! disciples turn$1 & out ( ?is hope arose a doctr9al sy/em1 :i*1 exp&+ & enl>g+ by manifold additions z ! "t w5t on1 %[$ t h[ev] a!i/ic ! orig9al cre$ might be1 ! religion itself _h become poly!i/ic4#cef ,to ,mitrya1 9 8 glori\s heav5s1 ! deliv]] ( di/ant g5]ations1 pray]s asc5d$1 & wor%ip 0 r5d]$ by all ,buddhi/s ev]y:]e alike2 & out ( ?is cult by f> ! l>ge/ section ( !m began to evolve deity aft] deity1 till ! heav5s1 9 :i* ,buddha c\ld f9d no sup]ior to himself1 7 cr[d$ ) objects ( idolatr\s reg>d4 ,9 ?is poly!i/ic developm5t a v great di/9ction em]g$ betwe5 ! ,nor!rn or ,mahyna & ! ,s\!rn or ,h9yna sy/em ( ,buddhism4 ,h[ ! div]g5ce orig9at$ has n be5 cle>ly asc]ta9$1 b ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era x seems to h be5 v manife/1 & at t "t1 :5 sect>ian controv]sy & philosophical speculation ?reat5$ to r5d ! sy/em into fragm5ts1 ,ngrdjuna1#ceg a monk ( ,nl&a1 is said to h done = ,nor!rn ,buddhism :at ,gregory & ,b5$ict did = ! ,we/]n ,*ur*4 ,"u him1 & c]ta9ly aft] him1 ,nor!rn ,buddhism1 bo? 9 respect ( expansive p[] & ( dogmatic & rituali/ic developm5t1 left ,s\!rn ,buddhism f> beh9d x4 ,! ,h9yna1 or ! 8little way0 ( deliv]ance1 is believ$ to h be5 appli$ by ! ,nor!rn1 n )\t contempt = ! ,s\!rn s*ool's arre/m5t4 ,!y did n pr(ess to contradict ! ,s\!rn fai?3 !y simply includ$ x1 & advanc$ 9 _! 8great way0 beyond x4 ,to ! ,s\!rn ! summum bonum ( life meant ,arhat%ip1 = t once atta9$ !re w\ld be no m re-bir?4 ,!y ackn[l$g$ & wor%ipp$ only "o ,bdhisatva1 ! com+ ,mitrya2 b ! doctors ( ! ,nor?1 prop]ly conceiv+ ! e/ate ( ! ,bdhisatva to be nobl] ?an t ( ,arhat1 prop\nd$ x z ! goal ( aspiration4 ,arhat%ip w\ld inde$ secure "o's own deliv]ance2 b ,bdhisatvahood w\ld enable !m1 z possible com+ ,buddhas1 to conf] ! bless+s ( deliv]ance ^u c\ntless multitudes4 ,along ) ,mitrya !y discov]$ _m p]sons :o1 l ,buddha's great disciples & _! successors1 _h ?r\gh m]it1 acquir$ 9 a long s]ies ( lives1 tak5 8 ,tu%ita heav5s by viol5ce2 b :o1 unlike him1 7 "u no obligation to quit _! cele/ial abodes1 & proce$ ?r\gh ,buddhahood to ,nirvana4 ,!y might enjoy _! bless$ness to ! full1 & sit beside _! nect> )\t conc]n1 = !y fulfill$ e function expect$ ( !m 9 be+ objects ( wor%ip1 to :om mortals c\ld appeal = com=t 9 sorr[ & help 9 "t ( ne$4 ,9 ,india1 z e>ly z ,fa-,hian's "t1 & probably e>li] 9 ,*9a1#ceh out ( ^! happy gods a new triad 0 =mulat$1 receiv+ su* wor%ip z ,h9dus w\ld r5d] to _! lat] triad ( deities1 ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 ,siva4 ,! title ( "o ( ^!1 ,m&jus-ri1 0 said to h be5 ! "n ( ! monk :o1 two hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] ,buddha1 introduc$ ! religion into ,nepaul1 & f\nd$ ! sy/em :i* ,ngrdjuna consolidat$4#cei ,he 9 ?is connection is believ$ to be ! p]sonification ( t 8wisdom0 or 8spiritual insight0 :i* ! ,nor!rn s*ool valu$ s highly4 ,ano!r deity1 ,avalkits'v>a1 8! "l :o sees f on high10 is suppos$ to be ! my?ical t]m = t 8k9dly provid5ce0 :i* wat*$ ov] ! :ole ,buddhi/ _w4 ,& ,vajra-dh>a1 8! ?und]]10 repres5t$ ! p[] :i* protect$ ! fai?ful f ! malice ( demons4 ,h[ su* a wor%ip1 s contradictory to ! doctr9es ( primitive ,buddhism1 came to be introduc$ & recognis$1 is a puzzle to all our s*ol>s4 ,rhys ,davids & ,sir ,moni] ,williams are incl9$ to reg>d x z sugge/$ by ! second ,h9du triad ( deities already ref]r$ to4 ,pr(essor ,max ,mll]#cfj consid]s x to be a graft f ! sup]/itions ( "s nor!rn ,scy?ian or ,turanian race1 :ile ,dr4 ,beal advances ! !ory t x 0 9 all probability introduc$ f a we/]n mono!i/ic religion1 ei!r l&w>d ?r\gh ,p]sia1 or by sea f ,arabia4 ,h[ev] x came1 f ?is date & onw>ds1 all ov] ! wide ext5t ( t]ritory cov]$ by x1 ,buddhism rapidly det]iorat$4 ,:ile ! ,s\!rn sy/em 0 ev]y:]e yield+ to ! influ5ce ( ! popul> my?ology1 & t s unmi/akably t x became1 :]ev] x rea*$1 8! unconsci\s propagator ( ,h9du doctr9e10 ! ,nor!rn became a het]og5e\s mixture ( all ! sup]/itions :i* x met4 ,f ?is second triad ( deities x w5t on discov]+ or inv5t+ its five triads ( ,dhyni-,buddhas1 among :om ,gotama 0 ! emanation ( ,avalkits'v>a1 :o aga9 0 ! on ( ,amitbha1 8immeasurable light40 ,beh9d all ^! aga91 !y pr(ess$ to f9d ! ,adi-,buddha1 ! primordial ,buddha1 :o1 out ( himself1 by ! ex]cise ( five m$itations1 evolv$ ! ,five ,dhyni4#cfa ,ea* ( ^! aga9 by 8insight0 evolv$ _! correspond+ ons1 :o 9 _! turn f out ( _! immat]ial ess5ce produc$ a mat]ial _w4 ,x is z if ! ,gno/icism :i* _h brok5 out 9 ! ,we/ long be=e ?is "t _h also invad$ ! di/ant ,ea/1#cfb & z if its dreams1 m re/ra9$ by ,we/]n sobriety1 7 9 ! ,ea/ free to produce a phantasmagoria m confus$ /ill4 ,c]ta9ly x is a conv9c+ pro( t1 not)/&+ its ri* e?ical s\rces1 ! ess5tial pr9ciples ( ,buddhism _h no inh]5t propagative p[]4 ,= j z x _h to return f its a!ism to ! deities :i* x _h disc>d$1 s x _h to sub/itute = its ,nihilism ! ,we/]n ,p>adise1 :]e1 beyond ! conf9es ( ! _w1 ! pi\s ,buddhi/ at la/ hopes to jo9 ! "o ,supreme ,amitbha1 & millions ( bless$ ,buddhas disc\rs+ ^u all ?+s good1 9 a /ate 9 :i* !re is no sorr[1 &1 8/range/ to say1 no ,nirvana40#cfc ,! m ^! imag9>y deities increas$1 ! m mu/ ! e>ne/ moral tea*+s ( ,buddha h be5 obscur$4 ,! discov]y ( ! ,bdhisatvas op5$ ! way to a rapid decl5sion f primitive self-culture to a sy/em ( 8volunt>y humility40 ,disciple%ip became easi] 9 proportion z ! wor%ip ( ^! %ad[y creations ext5d$4 ,x is mu* easi] to idolise ?an obey1 to say1 8,"l1 ,"l10 ?an to d ! ?+ :i* he comm&s4 ,?is fall+ away f ! high ,buddhi/ rule ( self-control1 proce$+ /ep by /ep ) ! gr[? ( ! leg5ds1 is j an illu/ration ( ! t5d5cy 9 e religion to all[ ! e?ical & metaphysical elem5ts s to drift asund]1 t in/ead ( be+ "o 9 holy w$lock !y become ?or\ghly & irreconcilably oppos$4 ,x 0 inevitable 9 ,buddhism t morality1 consid]$ ess5tial to self-rescue1 %\ld be supplant$ by t debas+ belief 9 ! efficacy ( rites :i* ! sy/em 0 laun*$ to de/roy4 ,its f\nd] w5t to ! unnatural extreme ( ignor+ man's crav+ = reconciliation4 ,he _h no fai? 9 ,div9e =giv5ess1 or 9 ! grace ( rep5tance1 & he nev] we>i$ ( p\r+ contempt ^u sacrifice & pray]4 ,no ,hebrew prophet c\ld be m sev]e 9 8 scorn ( useless rites2 b !n ! ,hebrew believ$ 9 ! efficacy ( "o sacrifice1 a 8he>t brok5 by sorr[10 = s9 n z a mis=tune or a folly1 b z an (f5ce to a ,holy ,be+ :o 0 ready to =give1 & to be pleas$ ) ! wor%ip ( a w surr5d]$ 9 gratitude & 9 love4 ,v e>ly 9 8 hi/ory man has indicat$ 8 s5se ( ali5ation f ,god 9 8 endeav\rs to discov] an atonem5t4 ,! in/9ctive s5se ( wrong relations to ! p[]s t gov]n life has be5 liable to fe>ful p]v]sion1 b ,buddha1 ) all 8 d5unciation1 c\ld n de/roy x1 nor reason m5 out ( x4 ,he c\ld induce "s to )draw _! implor+ cries & glances f ! gods1 b he c\ld n sweep ! heav5s clean ( !m4 ,belief 9 ! exi/5ce#cfd ( gods1 & demons1 & fairies1 & *>ms aga9/ ill-luck1 0 /rong 9 8 disciples f ! fir/2 & :5 an object ( wor%ip 0 recognis$ & all[$1 an elaborate ritual ( wor%ip1 & latt]ly ( propitiation1 0 rapidly develop$4 ,9 ,nor!rn ,buddhism ?is recoil 0 mo/ extreme1 = !re1 especially 9 ,nepl & ,tibet1 belief 9 ! efficacy ( rites det]iorat$ into belief 9 spells & incantations1 till x issu$ 9 ! ,tantra sy/em--a mixture ( magic & sorc]y ^: abom9able doctr9es1 ,burn\f1 out ( v loa?+1 refus$ to translate to u4#cfe ,*ri/ianity has _h _m corrupt]s1 :o h nev] scrupl$ to propose or to accept any compromise ) hea!nism at all calculat$ to /r5g!n ! p[] ( ! prie/hood1 b x nev] _h its sanga1#cff :o clev]ly succe$$ 9 reconcil+ ! demonolatry ( ! p ( ,nepl & ,tibet ) ! acceptance ( ! ,buddhi/ sy/em4 ,?is he did by plac+ _! male & female devils 9 ! inf]ior heav5s z wor%ipp]s ( ,buddha & ,avalkits'v>a1 & by ?us mak+ x possible = ! half-savage tribes to br+ _! sacrifices1 ev5 ( blood1 to _! cong5ial %r9es1 & "u cov] ( allegiance to ! prie/s ( ! new to cont9ue ! old hide\s idolatry4 ,?is discov]y ( sanga's is said to h secur$ ! rapid ext5sion ( ! ,buddhi/ hi]>*y 9 ^! half-b>b>\s regions2 b ! hi]>*y itself indicat$ a complete rev]sal ( ! primitive con/itution ( ! ,ord]4 ,buddha endeav\r$ to emancipate 8 fell[-m5 f fai? 9 ! efficacy ( a prie/hood to m$iate betwe5 m5 & ,deity1 or to secure deliv]ance4 ,he nev] dream$ t ei!r temple or prie/ w\ld arise 9 8 sy/em2 b ! temple grew naturally out ( ! dagoba & ! relics :i* x en%r9$1 & ! prie/hood z naturally 0 evolv$ f ! ,/havira or s5ior ,bikkhu4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,buddhism ! prie/ is m l a ,prote/ant m9i/] ( religion ?an l a prie/ 9 ! ,romi% s5se ( ! ^w2 b 9 ,nor!rn ,buddhism1 & especially 9 t =m ( x dom9ant 9 ,tibet1 ! p f ! sev5? c5tury h be5 completely "u ! p[] ( ! ,lamas :o alone c "w out _! salvation4 ,) ! exception ( a %ort int]val ( neglect & p]secution1 a hi]>*y m>vell\sly simil> to1 & no d\bt 9 "s respects sugge/$ by1 t ( ,romi% ,*ri/ianity1 has completely controll$ all ! relations ( life1#cfg ) ! t]rible result t cruelty & immorality mo/ abhorr5t to ! good & g5tle ,buddha h be5 p]mitt$ to ass]t !mselves unoppos$1 ?\gh a devotee :o slaught]s 8 fell[-m5 9 cold blood w %udd] ) horror if by accid5t he %\ld tread ^u a worm or cru% an ov]-irritat+ flea4#cfh ,only once 9 t region has x exp]i5c$ any attempt at re=m4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :5 ! policy ( ! ,m+ dyna/y 9 r$uc+ ! pr$om9ance ( any "o sect _h prep>$ ! way = him1 ,tsong-,kapa1 8! ,tibetan ,lu!r10 endeav\r$ to effect a revival ( ! primitive rules ( ! ,ord]1 & succe$$ 9 re/or+ some?+ ( ! anci5t simplicity 9 dress1 ! celibacy ( ! prie/s1 ! =tnightly confession1 ! season ( ye>ly retreat1 & ! invitation c]emony at its close4 ,he set 8 face also aga9/ ! ,%amanism ( ! ,tantra sy/em1 adh]$ to ! pur] =ms ( ! e>li] ,mahyna s*ool1 & succe$$ 9 creat+ a new sect1 ^: lead]s 9 ! fifte5? c5tury 7 by ! ,*9ese ,emp]or recognis$ z titul> lords ov] ! ,*ur* & tribut>y rul]s ov] ! ,/ate1 "u ! titles ( ,dalai ,lma & ,pant%5 ,lma4 ,! dream ( ,hildebr& or ,leo = ! ,papacy 0 = c5turies m ?an realis$ 9 ! ,lmaism ( ,tibet1 = ! ,lamas are m ?an ,popes1 be+ re-inc>nations ( ,avalkits'v>a & ( 8 fa!r ,amitabha1 :o nev] die1 b at ! act ( dy+ transf] !mselves into ano!r body1 born at t v mom5t1 to be f\nd 9 x 9 due "t ?r\gh a proc$ure1 accord+ to lot1 nev] yet kn[n to fail4 ,:5 discov]$1 he has1 h[ev]1 to be accept$ aft] ! ,era/ian fa%ion by ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t or its repres5tative1 :o1 ) ! ,desi or ,reg5t1 mu/ also be pres5t :5 ! f9al lot is drawn4#cfi ,nev] "u ! ,papacy1 ev5 9 ! times :5 its pret5sions 7 mo/ extravagant1 & its p[] 0 mo/ un*eck$1 has ,*ri/ianity det]iorat$ s fe>fully z ,buddhism has done 9 ,nepl & ,tibet4 ,n ev5 9 ! ,abyss9ian--! mo/ degrad$ ( all ! ,*ur*es t h worn ! "n ( ,*ri/1 9 respect ( its incorporation ( old ,jewi% rites & ,egyptian sup]/itions--c we f9d ! contrivance ( ! pray]-:eel1 or ! poles ) _! silk5 flags blazon$ ) ! six sacr$ syllables1 8om mani padme hum10#cgj flutt]+ _! suppos$ incantations to ! heav5s4 ,buddhism's ages ( wor%ip h be5 only a long sad hi/ory ( degradation1 ( p]petual fall+ f bad to worse4#cga ,! high] ! wor%ip ( ,buddhi/s = ! f\nd] ( _! sy/em has ris51 ! m h !y fall5 f 8 virtue2 b 9 ,*ri/ianity ! ages ( /ronge/ devotion to ,*ri/ h ev] be5 ! p]iods ( progress4 ,! m int5se man's rev]5ce = ,*ri/ has be51 ! l(ti] has be5 ! /&>d ( virtue atta9$4 ,wor%ip & pursuit ( hol9ess h gone h& 9 h&1 & we _c conceive ( a life truly (f]$ up 9 adoration ( ,*ri/ ev] prov+ immoral or impure4 ,! /ory ( ,buddhism 9 ,india1 :]e )\t mu* resi/ance x yield$ to ! s$uctions ( ,vi%naism & ,sivaism1 ! record ( its conque/s 9 ! surr\nd+ c\ntries1 & especially 9 ^? j ref]r$ to1 pres5t few & slight analogies to ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity2 b ! /ory ( ,buddhism 9 ,*9a z relat$ by ^? mo/ compet5t to te/ify ( ! *ang+ =ms :i* x assum$ f ! f\r? c5tury onw>ds1 is significantly ak9 to t ( ,*ri/ianity aft] x became ! religion ( ! ,empire4 ,*9a1 unlike ,india1 _h be=e ! ,*ri/ian era a v anci5t hi/ory1 m>k$ by di/9ct epo*s4 ,its annals1 ev5 ( ! eigh? c5tury ,b4,c41 seem to reflect a civilisation simil> to t ( ,europe 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ,a4,d4 ,two ?\s& ye>s ,b4,c4 ! ,*9ese are said to h atta9$ to an idea ( ,deity some:at equival5t to ! ,el ,elion ( ,mel*iz$ek4#cgb ,%angti1 ! highe/ ( all spirits to :om ! p sacrific$1 0 ! ,creator1 ,pres]v]1 & ,gov]nor ( ! _w1 unapproa*able by ! s9n]1 b m]ciful to all p5it5ts2 & 9 ?is idea ( ,god1 & 9 ! morality :i* sprang f x1 we h ! secret ( t social & political progress ^: arre/m5t & decay ,confucius lam5t$4 ,liv+ 9 a deg5]ate age1 he lab\r$ e>ne/ly z a re=m] ( p]sonal morality & social ord]2 b1 dep>t+ himself f ! ance/ral fai? 9 a ,supreme ,rul] ( nature & man1 8respect+1 b keep+ alo(1 z he said1 f all spiritual be+s10 expressively sil5t z to ! future1 & refus+ to pres5t motives ( conduct drawn f consid]ation ( x1 8 vigor\s m9i/ry1 conduct$ = _m ye>s 9 _m ( ! ,/ates1 c\ld only h ! effect ( prep>+ ! way = a real reg5]ation ( society4 ,he _h great fai? 9 man1 z born good1 ) an innate moral faculty :i* only contact ) ! _w & ! delusion ( ! s5ses prev5t f mak+ him virtu\s4 ,man 0 made = society1 & ! five relations ( :i* society consi/s--t ( rul] & subject1 husb& & wife1 p>5t & *ild1 eld] bro!r & y\ng]1 & fri5d & fri5d--7 ,div9e ord9ances4 ,8 /&>d ( p]sonal righte\sness & social purity1 8 /rong fai? 9 ! p[] ( example1 8 gold5 rule1 8,:at y w\ld n l to h done to y\rself1 d n to any o!r10#cgc 8 dem&1 z urg5t z 0 t ( ,isaiah or ,socrates1#cgd t language %\ld be us$ ev] ) scrupul\s c>e to express only ! ?+ t is1 h gone f> to =m1 ) b5eficial e?ical results1 ! ord9>y ,*9ese "*4 ,8 ignor+ ( p]sonal ,deity1 only ref]r$ to "u ! vague t]m ,heav51 & ( ! future ( man1 c\ld n long arre/ ! deg5]acy ( society or purge out ! secret vices burr[+ b5ea? its surface4 ,if ,buddha is to be reg>d$ 9 8 bold metaphysical speculations z ! fir/ ( ,gno/ics1 ,confucius 9 8 pure secul>ism may be designat$ ! fir/ ,agno/ic1 & ! monoton\s & /agnant type ( humanity :i* 8 tea*+ has produc$ may be a w>n+ ( ! k9d ( civilisation :i* ! _w may expect %\ld ev] philan?ropic secul>ism supplant or sup]s$e ! religion ( ,*ri/4#cge ,contempor>y ) ,confucius1 ?\gh mu* old] 9 ye>s1 0 ,lao-tsze ! ,v5]able1 ! au?or ( ! celebrat$ ,to-teh-,k+1 9 :i* n only ,romi% mission>ies b s*ol>s l ,montucci ( ,b]l9 7#ahjh7 & ,remusat#cgf 7#ahbc7 pr(ess$ to f9d ! my/]y ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity & ! "n ( ,jehovah phonetically express$4 ,tw5ty ye>s lat] ,/anislas ,juli5#cgg dispell$ ^! illusions1 & %[$ t ! treatise 0 z agno/ic 9 its ess5tial tea*+s z 7 ! ,analects ( ,confucius4 ,a poet & a my/ic1 he gave 8 :ole /r5g? to en=ce ! virtue ( ,tao--! way#cgh ( man's return to t spontaneity ( action )\t motive :i* prevails 9 nature1 & :i* w manife/ itself 9 man1 9 humility1 g5tl5ess1 refusal to take prec$5ce 9 ! _w1 9 acc\nt+ ! great z ! small1 ! small z ! great1 & 9 recomp5s+ injury ) k9dness4#cgi ,he does n affirm ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 b he does n d5y x1 & 8 language seems to imply x4 ,c]ta9ly !re is n a ^w :i* sav\rs ( sup]/ition1 & yet he is ! reput$ f\nd] ( a mo/ idolatr\s religion1 :i* is f\nd 9 %ape five c5turies aft] 8 dea?4 ,! works ( 8 e>lie/ foll[]s are said to be full ( ! mo/ grotesque & absurd beliefs4 ,z e>ly z #bba ,b4,c4 "s ( !m 7 9 se>* ( ! ,ea/]n ,hesp]ides1 :]e grew ! h]b ( immortality4 ,9 ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d4 ano!r pr(essor ( ,taoism inv5t$ a pill conta9+ ! elixir ( life1 & spells :i* c\ld tame & de/roy by ! t\* ( a p5cil millions ( demons4 ,all ?r\gh its hi/ory x has be5 a conglom]ate ( sup]/itions s base1 & s contra/$ ) ! tea*+ ( ! ,to-teh-,k+1 t to make ! au?or ( t lit]>y relic be> ! obloquy ( ev5 ! slighte/ connection ) ,taoism1 appe>s to be "o ( ! grosse/ wrongs ( hi/ory4#chj ,^! sages prec$$ ,buddha by a c5tury1 ^: religion1 ?\gh x came into contact ) ,*9a %ortly aft] ! reign ( ,asoka1 did n s]i\sly beg9 to influ5ce x till ab\t ! f\r? c5tury ,a4,d4 ,! ,buddhism ( t p]iod 0 ! religion ( ! ,nor!rn s*ool1 well advanc$ 9 its second /age ( deg5]acy4 ,:]ev] x 0 enc\rag$1 or all[$ to ma9ta9 itself1 x re>$ mona/]ies & nunn]ies1 temples & %r9es ( idols & relics1 & e/abli%$ ! wor%ip ( sa9ts & images1 :i* sometimes1 l w9k+ ,madonnas1 op5$ _! eyes & o!rwise work$ miracles4 ,its effect ^u ,taoism 0 simply to absorb x2 = be=e !n t religion _h nei!r mona/]ies nor temples1 nor any sy/em ( wor%ip4 ,all ^! x borr[$ f ,buddhism1 ^: ,triratna & endless pan!on ( deities x gre$ily accept$1 ) ! effect t ?\gh ,taoism has exi/$ nom9ally di/9ct f ,buddhism 9 ,*9a1 x has simply be5 z ,buddhism 9 a native dress1 & ?us f> ! ,h9du m9d c be truly said to h p[]fully influ5c$ ,*9ese ?\ght4 ,by ! ,confucians ! reception ( ,buddhism 0 v diff]5t4 ,!y might h laugh$ at its idolatr\s sy/em budd+ vigor\sly into life1 b !y c\ld n endure its full-bl[n anti-social ,mona/icism4 ,its morality !y c\ld appreciate1 ?\gh x seem$ inf]ior to _! own2 = ?\gh its tea*+ z to future rew>ds comm5d$ itself to ! moral in/9cts ( ! masses1 ! ,confucians1 m logical ?an ,buddhi/s1 av]r$ t to avoid wrong-do+ = fe> ( future puni%m5t 0 n do+ "r = its own sake2 :ile to lab\r = happ9ess h]eaft] l$ to neglect ( ! pres5t1 & promot$ lazy inactivity4 ,su* a s*eme ( religion 0 by !m judg$ inimical to virtue1 :i* 0 its own rew>d1 & ! mann] ( life by :i* x 0 illu/rat$ 0 condemn$ z p>ticul>ly immoral4 ,! ,/ate1 ! ,family1 ,society1 7 ,div9e in/itutions :i* ought to be ma9ta9$ & p]fect$4 ,indu/ry1 public & private1 0 ess5tial to _! ideal ( propriety2 & ,buddhism1 ) its religion ( inaction1 its celibate rule1 & ab&onm5t ( all secul> bus9ess1 0 simply odi\s to ! in/9cts ( a practical & k9dly p4 ,!re c\ld only be w> betwe5 two su* contradictory sy/ems--a w> n ( words1 b1 on ! ,*9ese side at lea/1 ( v h>d bl[s4 ,_! ho/ility manife/$ itself 9 repeat$ & prolong$ p]secutions4 ,9 "o ( ^! #bej1jjj monks & nuns 7 =c$ to return to social life1 :ile _! prop]ty 0 confiscat$1 & ! copp] ( _! images & bells 0 m9t$ into co94 ,! ,confucians h long ceas$ to p]secute1 b !y h nev] )drawn _! fir/ indictm5t aga9/ ! ,buddhi/s = tea*+ :at to !m is crim9al because disloyal1 & immoral#cha because anti-social4 ,to ! e?ical sy/em ( ,*9a1 z repres5t$ by ,confucians1 ,mahyna ,buddhism c\ld n add mu*1 if inde$ any?+1 ( value2 b its speculative philosophy seems peculi>ly to h fasc9at$ !m1 & x produc$ rem>kable & p]man5t *anges 9 _! ?9k+4 ,! lit]ature & ! art ( ,*9a reflect n ,*9ese b ,indian sc5es & mann]s4 ,its grammatical & ari?metical sci5ces owe mu* to ,indian tutelage4 ,an educat$ ,*9aman1 :ile av[+ himself ,confucian 9 respect ( e?ics1 w 9 all metaphysical problems reason accord+ to ,buddhi/ me?ods & enunciate ,buddhi/ ideas4 ,to ?is ext5t1 !re=e1 x affect$ ! ,confucians1 b n ) b5eficial results4 ,x aid$ ,confucius 9 8 evil "w ( %ak+ ! fai? ( 8! classes0 9 ! p]sonal ,rul] ( ! ,univ]se1 :ile its effect ^u 8! masses0 0 ev5 m injuri\s1 = x dragg$ !m d[n to a poly!ism f :i* = c5turies !y _h be5 free1 & put 9 place ( ! imp]sonal pr9ciple ) :i* ,confucius _h supplant$ _! ance/ral fai?1 ^? %ad[y cr[ds ( ,buddhas & ,bdhisatvas1 to lead !m /ill fur!r away f ! pur] works & ways ( m rev]5tial ages4#chb ,! episodes 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*9ese ,buddhism f ! f\r? c5tury onw>d 7 m>vell\sly simil> to ! sc5es & incid5ts witness$ 9 ,europe dur+ ! same p]iod 9 connection ) ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,c>d9al ,newman has some:]e said t 9 8pr(ess+ to write ! ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ,gibbon has reluctantly1 b actually1 writt5 ! ,rise & ,progress ( ,*ri/ianity40 ,! mo/ zeal\s def5d] ( ! fai?1 h[ev]1 mu/ admit t ! ,*ri/ianity :i* ma9ta9$ 9 ,europe f ! f\r? c5tury onw>d _h griev\sly decl9$ f t ( ! primitive ages4 ,x is ! fa%ion 9 "s qu>t]s to attribute ?is degradation to ! alliance ( ! ,*ur* ) ! ,/ate1 & to av] t _h x kept ap>t f ! embraces ( ! ,emp]ors x w\ld h pres]v$ itself f corruption4 ,unque/ionably ,con/ant9e 0 a 8sair sanct0 to ! ,*ur*2 a conv]t m f exp$i5ce ?an conviction1 he & 8 successors endeav\r$ to utilise ! ,*ri/ian hi]>*y to buttress _! own ?rone4 ,unque/ionably1 too1 ! ,*ur* suff]$ m indignity & h>m f ! ,*ri/ian ,emp]ors :o patronis$ x1 ?an ev] x did f ! hea!n ,emp]ors :o p]secut$ x4 ,c&id inquiries w1 h[ev]1 conv9ce mo/ p t ! alliance ) ! ,empire 0 m an incid5t 9 ?an ! cause ( ! ,*ur*'s degradation4 ,! transf] ( ! seat ( rule to ! ,bosporus left ! ,we/]n ,*ur* free f ! ,imp]ial influ5ce to regulate its own affairs1 & yet x became n less b ev5 m corrupt ?an its ,ori5tal neighb\r4 ,! tru? seems to be t ! corruption ( ! ,*ur* 0 due m to its ext]nal or mat]ial prosp]ity ?an to any?+ else4 ,to *ur*es & to nations t is ! real ordeal by fire4 ,9 ! pov]ty & /ruggles !y h high] hopes1 b :5 difficulties are surm\nt$1 & !y dwell at ease1 !y mi/ake or =get _! vocation4 ,! adv]sity & t]rible p]secution ( ! ,*ur*1 co9cid5t ) its primitive en?usiasm1 did a v great deal to pres]ve its heal? & purity2 & x 0 simply natural1 & to be expect$1 t :5 x em]g$ into prosp]ity & popul> fav\r1 l ,je%urun 9 8 fatness1 x %\ld h rebell$1 & in/ead ( s]v+ z x 0 orda9$ to d1 %\ld h usurp$ ! p[] to rule4 ,! iconography ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity reflects ev5 m cle>ly ?an its lit]ature ! v>i\s /ages ( its det]ioration4 ,z long z ! _w 0 aga9/ x1 & x 0 compell$ to use su* places z ! ,catacombs = its %elt] & wor%ip1 its fai? 0 pure1 & its life 0 full ( exhil>ation & brightness4 ,its symbolism 0 ?or\ghly ideal & spiritual1 9 %>p & in/ructive contra/ ) e ,pagan specim5 t has be5 discov]$1 & ) its own subsequ5tly paganis$ art4 ,x 0 a symbolism1 moreov]1 only ( its hopes1 & n ( its "o object ( fai? or ( wor%ip4 ,x tol]at$ no symbol 9 wor%ip save ! wat] ( ,baptism & ! bread & ! w9e ( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,x ne$$1 z yet1 no crucifix1 n ev5 a cross1#chc & x w\ld n all[ any image to reveal to ! imag9ation ! pres5t b invisible ,*ri/1 or to sugge/ ! pr(\nd mean+ ( ,8 atonem5t4 ,b :5 x w5t =?1 ! admir$ ( ! _w1 into ! sun%9e1 & began to re> ! gr& basilicas1 & p !m ) ! tombs ( ! m>tyrs & ! en%r9$ relics ( ! sa9ts1 ! v desire to rise l$ x to fight hea!nism ) its own weapons1 & to copy its spl5d\rs4#chd ,ev5 be=e ?is x 0 fall+ back f ! simple s]vice ( ! synagogue to t ( ! de/roy$ temple1 b n[ x 0 f\nd adopt+ ! hea!n fe/ivals1 or accommodat+ its own to _! dates1 & incorporat+ ) its own ! m impos+ rites ( /ill popul> hea!n fanes4 ,to 8(f] ! new law's new oblation0 x inv5t$ a new ritual & prie/hood2 & see+ a prie/hood mu/ h some:at to (f]1 x discov]$ a new sacrifice 9 ! v sacram5t :i* 0 ! ,div9e pl$ge & human ?anksgiv+ = ! abrogation ( all ext]nal sacrifice4#che ,!n ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,empire became ! model ( its organisation1 & soon x 0 cr[n$ 9 a ,papacy pr(ess+ to dom9ate1 z viceg]5t = ,*ri/1 a _w :i* confess$ly x has n yet be5 able to conv]t4 ,x is n necess>y to trace ! sick5+ degradation ( ,*ri/ianity ?r\gh all its enc\nt]s & compromises ) hea!nism1 till 9 ! ga!r+ gloom its deg5]ate art rea*$ a po9t :]e x d>$ to portray to ! eye ( s5se ! dea?-pangs ( ! ,son ( ,god1 & its wor%ip t\*$ a dep? ( idolatry 9 :i* x symbolis$ ! my/]y ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity by a ?ree-head$ figure q aft] ! model ( ! ,h9du ,trimurti4 ,x is suffici5t to say t x appe>s to h proce$$ on p>allel l9es1 & at z rapid a pace z ! deg5]acy ( ,buddhism 9 ! ,ea/4 ,x too has its iconography z well z its lit]ature1 & x is int]e/+ to trace its passage f its e>lie/ graffiti--! /one edicts ( ,asoka1 :]e we h ! religion )\t ev5 ! "n ( ! f\nd]--?r\gh ! c>v+s ( ! ,san*i gateway1 :]e !re is alt]ation1 ?\gh to no consid]able ext5t1 on to ^? at ,amravati1 :]e we h ! full-bl[n ,buddhism to :i* ,*9a to a consid]able ext5t succumb$4#chf ,?r\gh all ?is p]iod ev]y:]e 9 ,*9ese ,buddhi/ temples 7 se5 ! idols ( ! sa9ts1 ev]y:]e 7 f\nd _! wor%ipp$ relics4 ,a bone1 a too?1 a s+le hair1 w\ld be pur*as$ by ! rev5ue ( a ,/ate & welcom$ ) imp]ial hon\rs4 ,! rationali/s ( ! ,we/ might prote/ z l\dly & z sc(f+ly z !y pleas$ t !re 0 z mu* wood ( ! true cross & z _m v]itable nails ( x 9 ,europe z w\ld suffice to build a navy4 ,! ,confucian m&>9s at ! c\rt ( a relic-wor%ipp+ ,emp]or might indignantly d5\nce ! desecration & pollution ( ! royal palace by ! introduction ( "p ( ! c>rion ( a monk :o _h di$ long ago4#chg ,) ! fa!r ( ,gideon1 d]id+ ! wond]-work+ p[]s ( ^! relics1 !y might insi/ t !y1 & ev5 ,buddha himself1 %\ld plead1 ,baal-l1 = !mselves aga9/ _! iconocla/ic ire2 b at t "t nei!r law1 nor p]secution1 nor common s5se c\ld prevail to cure ?is p]v]t$ disposition4 ,belief 9 ! virtue ( a feti* m>ks bo? ! infancy & decay ( mo/ religions4 ,9 ,*9ese ,buddhism to-day ?is belief is z vigor\s z ev]1 & not)/&+ ! influ5ce ( ! ,re=mation1 & ! spread ( sci5tific discov]y1 ?is belief m>ks an extreme ( ?\ght f :i* nei!r ,romanism nor ,prote/antism z yet c be said to be free4 ,! ,buddhism ( ! e>lie/ traditions 0 conc]n$ *iefly ) morality z ess5tial to deliv]ance1 & ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is a fai? & hope & love1 dom9at+ & fus+ & m\ld+ life aft] a nobl] type4 ,9 ,*9a1 z else:]e1 ! ,buddhism ( morality gave way to ! ,buddhism ( my/ic contemplation4 ,yield+ to ! same t5d5cy :i* aft]w>ds made s _m ,*ri/ians ab&on ! pa?s ( ob$i5ce & practice ( righte\sness = ! cultivation ( ! inn] life1 ,buddhism z e>ly z #ebj ,a4,d4 0 prep>$ to foll[ eag]ly ,bdih>ma1#chh :o came f ,s\!rn ,india to sweep away ! ali5 gr[? ( all book-in/ruction1 & to e/abli% ! tru? t 8out ( m9d !re is no ,buddha1 out ( ,buddha !re is no m9d2 t virtue is n to be s\ght1 & vice is n to be %unn$2 t no?+ is to be look$ ^u z pure or pollut$1 = all t is ne$$ is to avoid bo? good & evil1 & he t c d ?is is a truly religi\s man40#chi ,9 proclaim+ t e?ical di/9ctions m>k an inf]ior /age ( disciple%ip1 = a 8good man1 ?\gh nev] aga9/1 is always above !m10 ,bdih>ma1 ! nom9al f\nd] ( ,esot]ic ,buddhism1 simply =mulat$ m cle>ly ! tea*+ ( ,ngrdjuna1 ! reput$ f\nd] ( ! ,mahyna sy/em4 ,x 0 only ano!r expression ( t indef9able phase ( ?\ght1 f\nd 9 all religions z my/icism1 & :i*1 ?\gh commonly id5tifi$ only ) its extravagant outbur/s1 is really ( ! v ess5ce ( religion4 ,! dom9at+ ?\ght 9 a religi\s man is t ( a ,supreme ,"o 9 :om we live & move & h our be+1 & !re are times 9 8 wor%ip :5 ! balance ( consci\sness is di/urb$1 & self is lo/ 9 consci\sness ( ! ,div9e4 ,man )\t ! aid ( pray] or sacram5tal grace f9ds 9 himself ! revelation1 & alas6 z 8 consci\sness is always imp]fect1 & v (t5 confus$1 ! revelation is too (t5 di/ort$ & ! rev]se ( ,div9e4#cij ,my/icism1 z 0 natural 9 a religion quick5+ bo? ?\ght & emotion1 appe>$ e>ly 9 ,*ri/ianity1 & f ! days ( ,/4 ,john x has nev] lack$ a repres5tative4 ,9 its manifold v>ieties & ab]rations x pres5ts _m simil>ities to ! my/icism ( ! ,ea/1 b 9 reality x is z diff]5t f x 9 its nature z x is di/ant f x 9 its s\rce4 ,ea/]n my/icism has always be5 m speculative ?an practical 9 "*4 ,pan!i/ic 9 its orig91 x assumes t all ?+s are z div9e z x is _! nature to be1 & aspires to get at ! unity ( be+4 ,we/]n my/icism1 on ! o!r h&1 />ts always f a s5se ( ! disord] & ali5ation ( ?+s1 & endeav\rs to get at man's true life4 ,! ,ea/]n f9ds its object )91 ! ,we/]n g5]ally )\t2 ! ,ea/]n consid]s id5tity ) ,deity a natural /ate1 ! ,we/]n reg>ds p]fect fell[%ip ) ,deity z a goal ( spiritual atta9m5t4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity my/icism has be5 occasional 9 its manife/ations1 & has always be5 reg>d$ z an innovation2 b 9 ! ,ea/ x is ! normal d$uction f ,h9du ,pan!ism & ,buddhi/ ,nihilism4#cia ,ngrdjuna & ,bdih>ma 7 ! natural outcome ( ,gotama's tea*+4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity x has (t5 %[n itself to be m>vell\sly practical1 & g5]ally 9 revolt f "s /]eotyp$ sy/em ( dogma or =m ( wor%ip4 ,?\gh associat$ 9 our ?\ghts m ) ! s5tim5tal ?an ! intellectual aspects ( religion1#cib x has manife/$ frequ5tly a decid$ly rationali/ic t5d5cy4 ,refus+ to be dom9at$ by au?ority or to be b\nd by antiquity1 x has que/ion$ fe>lessly ! dicta ( ,scripture1 av[+ t reason is n sup]s$$1 b div9ely inspir$ & controll$ z ! organ ( revelation4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity its extravagances may be =giv5 9 consid]ation ( ! b5efits :i* h fl[$ f x4 ,x p[]fully help$ to br+ ab\t ! ,re=mation1 & s9ce !n1 9 ! ,*ur*es1 :e!r re=m$ or unre=m$1 x has t5d$ to sweet5 & int5sify devotion4 ,x has kept !m m9dful ( _! common l9eage by insi/+ ^u ^? ess5tial & univ]sal tru?s :i* are confess$ to be vital 9 all religions1 & especially by proclaim+ ! supremacy ( ! ,holy ,_s z ! f\nta9 ( all enlight5m5t & activity4 ,z manife/$ 9 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,john1 my/icism is ! recognition ( ! ,holy ,_s z ! ,witness ( ,*ri/1 & !re=e ! supreme "l ov] all man's emotions & reason+s & purposes4 ,consequ5tly ! asceticism ) :i* my/icism has always be5 associat$ has be5 9 ,*ri/ianity m kept "u control4 ,occasionally x has laps$ into frightful excesses2 inde$1 ! extravagances practis$ 9 ! ,ea/ to atta9 to insight h be5 equall$ by ! devices resort$ to by _m 9 ! ,we/ to ga9 ! vision ( ! ,div9e4 ,9 +5i\s me?ods ( self-torture ! ,we/ c]ta9ly vi$ ) ! ,ea/1 b at self-torture p]v]t$ ,*ri/ianity /opp$1 :ile deg5]ate ,buddhism w5t on to inv5t & put 9 practice mo/ revolt+ me?ods ( self-de/ruction z well4 ,! law ( ,buddha prohibit$ ?is1 & =bade ev5 ! m5tion ( ! advantages ( dea?4 ,x 0 an (f5ce ( ! grave/ k9d1 puni%$ by ! sev]e/ p5alty :i* ! ,ord] c\ld inflict1#cic = a monk to procure a weapon = ! purpose ( tak+ away 8 life1 or to tea* h[ dea? may be procur$4 ,/ill1 9 ,india be=e ,fa-,hian's "t1 self-murd] 0 practis$1 & 9 ,*9a ,imp]ial edicts aga9/ self-mutilation & self-immolation 7 requir$ to prev5t fanatics evad+ ! primitive law by ! quibble1 t :ile prohibit+ suicide1 ,buddha enjo9$ ! de/ruction ( ang] & lu/1 & t x 0 aga9/ ^! alone t !y rais$ _! h&1 9 ord] to complete _! deliv]ance4#cid ,*ri/ianity dem&s t an %all be practis$ by all :o desire ! illum9ation ( ! ,_s1 = all t is vile mu/ be purg$ out ( life1 & all t is animal 9 x mu/ be subdu$4 ,! discipl9e1 h[ev]1 is always moral z well z religi\s1 & x aims only at controll+1 nev]1 l ,/oicism or ,cynicism1 at /ifl+ or violat+ natural affection4 ,unlike ,plato1 :o reg>d$ matt] z evil1 ,*ri/ & ,8 apo/les recognis$ x z ! creature ( ,god1 & taught u to seek ! seat ( evil1 n 9 ! body1 b 9 ! p]v]t$ w4 ,9 ! _s is ! true fons et origo mali2 b z ! occasion ( s9 directly or indirectly (t5 orig9ates 9 "s desire = bodily indulg5ce or "s dread ( bodily pa91 temp]ance & =titude dem& t ! body1 if n inur$ to h>dness1 %\ld be at lea/ kept "u control4 ,s bodily ex]cise1#cie ?\gh 9 itself pr(it+ little1 pr(ite? mu* z moral discipl9e1 a means to a spiritual end4 ,consequ5tly ! fa/ 9 its lit]al s5se has its place 9 ! ,*ri/ian sy/em z an exp$i5t g5]ally mo/ requir$ 9 ! times :5 we are incl9$ to despise x4 ,! fanaticism :i* w\ld de/roy or injure :at is natural is condemn$ by ,*ri/ianity z sev]ely z is ! s5suality :i* w\ld unduly /r5g!n x4 ,:at x dem&s is t ! :ole nature be educat$ & ennobl$ by lov+ surr5d] to ! control ( an inf9itely holy ,w4 ,enjoym5t ( ! vision beatific1 communion ) ! ,div9e ,be+1 is ! summum bonum ( ,*ri/ianity1 & t is ! portion only ( ! sanctifi$4 8,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t3 = !y %all see ,god40 ,bdih>ma's my/ic or esot]ic ,buddhism _h no su* influ5ces to /eady & sob] x1 & its ab]rations 7 wild] ?an ! fancies ( our delirium4 ,! sup]natural pret5sions ( my/icism h always be5 disall[$ or condemn$ 9 ,*ri/ianity by ov]:elm+ heal?y-m9d$ majorities1 b ! consequ5ce ( ! practice ( ,esot]ic ,buddhism 0 believ$ by all to be sup]natural p[]4 ,an adept 9 x pr(ess$ to see ?r\gh all ages & worlds1 & move ?r\gh space by a %e] ex]cise ( w4 ,all ! ph5om5a ( mod]n spiritualism may h be5 witness$ 9 ,india & ,*9a two ?\s& ye>s ago--yea1 c5turies p]haps be=e ,buddha appe>$4 ,! fir/ pret5d]s to ^! my/]ies 7 ! ,indian ,yogis & ! m$ic9e-m5 ( savage & b>b>\s races4#cif ,! 8,neo-,buddhism0 & 8,!osophy0 ( to-day simply confront u 9 ! ca/-(f yell[ rags ( ^! pitiful sup]/itions4 ,_! disciples attempt to w>m !mselves & to walk 9 ! light ( ! unhall[$ flames :i* ! delud$ foll[]s ( ,bdih>ma believ$ !y c\ld k9dle4 ,9 :atev] way ! ph5om5a ( spiritualism are to be expla9$--& "o _c say :at ph5om5a may em]ge :5 ! human m9d is ab&on$ to vacuity1 & ! human w to an ungov]n$ fancy--we may be c]ta9 t inve/igation ( !m w nev] disclose ! reality ( b5ign sup]natural p[]4 ,:at capabilities may be dormant 9 humanity no "o c tell4 ,*ri/ :o r$eem$ u is ! prophecy ( :at ,he c make u4 ,he _h sup]natural p[] because ,8 be+ accord$ p]fectly ) ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r's w2 b sup]natural p[] z manife/$ by ,*ri/ is v diff]5t inde$ f ! ludicr\s exhibitions ( ! 8spirituali/s40 ,*ri/'s sup]natural p[] 0 n manife/$ j 9 _! ways1 & c]ta9ly n by _! me?ods2 w x ev] be acquir$8#cig ,x is n compatible ) our space to trace ! p>allels betwe5 ,esot]ic ,buddhism & "s n9ete5?-c5tury =ms ( speculation 9 :i* ! f9ite is aga9 se5 to be go+ back to ! absolute1 & ! reality ( ev]y?+ b ! self is d5i$4 ,on ! religi\s side1 h[ev]1 x is int]e/+ to notice a lat] /age ( x 9 a sy/em :i*1 orig9at+ n long aft] ,bdih>ma1 took "s f\r c5turies to e/abli% itself4 ,! ,t'i5-t'ai or ,*i-,*e s*ool diff]$ f ,bih>ma's !ory ( pure m5tal ab/raction to be ga9$ ?r\gh complete )drawal f all s5sible surr\nd+s1 9 t x s\ght to aid contemplation by s5su\s ex]cises4 ,wor%ip ( gay idols1 music ( _m p]sons *ant+ 9 unison1 po/ures ( kneel+ & /&+1 ex]cises ( cont9u$ & l\d recitation1 ) int]vals ( pr(\nd sil5ce & int5se m$itation1 7 suppos$ to produce ! desir$ illum9ation4 ,x seem$ to be ! fir/ recognition ( feel+ 9 ! ,buddhi/ religion1 & ! fir/ attempt to employ x to produce ec/asy4 ,! same attempt has (t5 be5 repeat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 sometimes 9 v grotesque & extravagant =ms4 ,9 e outbur/ ( religi\s en?usiasm we may see rude examples ( x1 b x is also ! pr9ciple on :i* /hetic wor%ip is g5]ally def5d$4 ,x is a rem9d]1 !re=e1 to "s v sup]ior p1 ( our common human nature1 & a w>n+ t :5 left to itself1 or indulg$1 ev5 ! /hetic1 l all o!r in/9cts1 w j run ! same r\nd ( extravagance 9 manifold & ev]-recurr+ v>iety4 ,! t5d5cy 9 human nature to p]v]t a religion is z /rongly manife/$ 9 ,*ri/ianity z 9 ,buddhism2 b !re is ?is out/&+ di/9ction betwe5 !m1 t :ile a survey ( ,buddhism %[s t ev]y:]e x has run its c\rse1 & has exhau/$ its intellectual & moral & spiritual res\rces1 ,*ri/ianity ^u exam9ation appe>s to be only 9 an e>ly /age ( developm5t4 ,9 spite ( ! p]v]sions ( ! ,*ur*1 & its repeat$ resi/ance to ,*ri/ian movem5ts1 ,*ri/ianity has always produc$ :at has condemn$ & correct$ & vanqui%$ !m4 ,x is ! recup]ative p[] ( ,*ri/ianity :i* mo/ di/+ui%es x4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,buddhism :i* at all corresponds ) ! ,re=mation4 ,to-day all ov] ! _w x is /]eotyp$ & unprogressive1 :]eas ev]y:]e 9 ,*ri/5dom !re is f]m5t ( ?\ght & /irr+ ( life1 pla9ly indicat+ t :atev] p[] may claim ! pa/1 ,*ri/ianity has ! sure promise ( ! future4 ,9 ,*9a1 two hundr$ & sev5ty ye>s ago1 orig9at$ a sect ^: adh]5ts1 scatt]$ ?r\gh ! villages ( ! ,ea/]n ,prov9ces1 & belong+ pr9cipally to ! l[] classes ( society1 may be call$ ,prote/ant or ,re=m$ ,buddhi/s4 ,!y are describ$ by ,dr4 ,edk9s#cih z oppos$ to idolatry 9 all its =ms1 z hav+ no temple1 b only pla9 meet+-h\ses1 signalis$ ) only ! common tablet to heav51 e>?1 k+1 p>5ts1 & tea*]s1 z _! symbol ( rev]5ce4 ,_! wor%ip consi/s n 9 c]emonies1 b 9 quiet m$itation1 & inn] adoration ( ! all-p]vad+ ,buddha4 ,!y are call$ ! 8,d-,no?+ ,sect10 n because !y are idle1 l ! ignorant inmates ( ! mona/]ies--= !y are really indu/ri\s & virtu\s1--b because !y hold t ! highe/ virtue is nev] int5tional1 b :olly unconsci\s ( self4 ,l ,m4 ,aurelius1#cii !y consid] t to ask to be 8paid = virtue is z if ! eye dem&$ a recomp5ce = see+40 ,9 ?9k+ ( !m1 ! words ( ! ,"l ,jesus recur to u3 8,d good1 & l5d1 hop+ = no?+ aga940 ,george ,fox1 & ! quiet & *>itable ,society :i* he f\nd$1 & :i* /ill cont9ues 9 =mal g>b 8 prote/ aga9/ all =malism 9 wor%ipp+ ,god1 n by clam\r+ to ,him1 b 9 sil5tly wait+ till ,he speaks1 seems to be ! realisation ( :at ^! good ,wu-wei-,kiau aspire to 9 _! religion4 ,!y h n be5 able to free !mselves f ,buddhism or ,taoism4 ,buddha1 ?\gh n wor%ipp$1 is believ$ 9 by !m1 & !y h f\nd an object ( adoration 9 ,kn-mu1 ! ,gold5 ,"m ( ! s\l1 :o c protect & deliv] f calamity1 & ev5 save ^? t h di$ f mis]y4 ,!y h f\r pr9cipal fe/ivals1 two ( :i* celebrate ! bir? & dea? ( ,lo-tsu1 _! f\nd]4 ,on ^! occasions ?ree small cups ( tea & n9e t9y loaves ( bread are plac$ on ! tables1 accord+ to ! appo9tm5t ( ,lo-tsu himself4 ,on ?is acc\nt !y are nicknam$ 8! ,tea & ,bread ,sect40 ,!y are /rict veget>ians1 b 9 no o!r s5se ascetics1 hon\r+ m>riage & family life1 & hav+ no mona/ic in/itute among !m4 ,!y av] t "o ( _! lead]s dur+ a p]secution 0 crucifi$1 & _! great hope is t ! _w w soon come to an end1 & t ! ,gold5 ,"m w appe>1 to take all h] *ildr5--all :o believe 9 h] z !y d--home to h] beautiful heav54 ,?is c h>dly be call$ a re=mation ( ,buddhism accord+ ei!r to its orig9al =m or its fundam5tal pr9ciples4 ,x is a dep>ture f1 & an imm5se improvem5t ^u x1 :i* is manife/ly due to =eign & probably ,*ri/ian influ5ce4 ,! ,ne/orians ent]$ ,*9a 9 ! sev5?1 & ! ,jesuits 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 :ile ,re=m$ ,*ri/ianity only came 9 contact ) ,*9a 9 ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,if x be d5i$ t ,*ri/ianity help$ to produce ! ,d-,no?+ ,sect1 x w be difficult to disprove ! claim t1 directly or indirectly1 x has done mu* to produce ! late/ =ms 9 :i*1 9 ,*9a & ,japan1 ,buddhism is n[ pres5t$ to ! _w4 ,9 bo? c\ntries ,re=m$ ,buddhi/s are f\nd diff]+ 9 mu* f "o ano!r1 b g5]ally agree+ 9 reject+ poly!ism = ! wor%ip ( "o div9ity3 9 ,*9a1 ,kwan-y91 :o = long has *ang$ sexes1 & is n[ ! goddess ( m]cy2 9 ,japan1 ,buddha1 ^: attribute is ,amita1 ! inf9ite4 ,"o sect1 call$ ! 8,salvation )\t ,works ,sect10 has progress$ greatly 9 ,japan1 "u ! title ( ,%9-,%91 8! true religion40 ,! wor%ipp] r5\nces all m]it1 & tru/s = salvation 9 no?+ b ! m]cy ( ,amita4#djj ,! s\l is br\ght into a /ate ( salvation by an act ( fai?1 & ?\gh sure ( salvation1 ! fai?ful mu/ n ab&on ! /ruggle ) evil1 = hol9ess is n ! beg9n+1 b ! result ( salvation4 ,9 ,kioti1 a ,buddhi/ sect has a college q ,we/]n 9 its curriculum & arrangem5ts4 ,!re too ! ,japanese newspap]s n only record ! successes ( able ,buddhi/ prea*]s 9 spread+ _! doctr9e1 & 9 f\nd+ s*ools1 !y adv]tise a ,buddhi/ propag&a = ! conv]sion ( ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,its only organ z yet is a little magaz9e call$ ! ,bij\ ( ,asia1 b x is pr9t$ 9 ,engli% = ! enlight5m5t ( all :o believe 9 ! moribund cre$s ( ! ,we/1 & = ! rescue especially ( s\ls f ! sn>e ( t ,*ri/ian sup]/ition :i* 8happily all ov] ! _w is rapidly decl9+ 9 p[]06 ,if ?is be n impure ,*ri/ianity1 no "o w d>e to call x pure ,buddhism4 ,surely x is a hopeful indication = ! future ( ,japan1 z be+ evid5tly a movem5t some:at simil> to t inaugurat$ 9 ,india by ,rammohun ,roy1 & greatly fur!r$ 9 our days by ,*und] ,s54 ,! fir/ pr(ess$ to trace 8 re=m to ! ,upani%ads r$iscov]$1 & exp\nd$1 & appli$2 & ! second to ! ,v$as z ! primitive f\nta9s ( ! fai?4 ,bo? re=m]s & _! "w w\ld h be5 impossible two ?\s& ye>s ago2 yea1 !y w\ld h be5 equally impossible to-day1 _h n ! ,we/ giv5 ( its ?\ghts to ! ,ea/1 & ,*ri/5dom communicat$ to x some?+ ( its bett] life4 ,x is "o ?+ to read ! ,v$as & ,upani%ads1 z ! ,ri%is recit$ or ! ,brahmans exp\nd$ !m long ago1 & q ano!r to h !m int]pret$ by natives ( ,india1 ar\nd ^: =efa!rs = sev]al g5]ations all ! influ5ces ( ,*ri/ian civilisation h be5 play+4 ,s is x ) ! re=m+ ,buddhi/s ( ,*9a & ,japan1 :o h ent]prise to s5d _! sons to /udy at our ,briti% ,univ]sities4 ,!y are read+ _! old lit]ature--ev5 :5 reject+ our sy/ems ( belief--) m9ds unconsci\sly saturat$ ) ,*ri/ian intellig5ce1 & no d\bt !y (t5 f9d !re :at ! ,gospel has put 9 !mselves4 ,we may re/ assur$ t ! re=m ( ! ,ori5tal religions w only be effect$ by ! infusion into !m ( ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,a high] religion meet+ !m z ,*ri/ianity does1 may n supplant or de/roy !m1 b x w revive & trans=m !m4 ,x w de/roy mu* t is false1 correct mu* t is wrong1 supply all !y lack1 & s 9 ! end annul !m4 ,! product w n likely be a facsimile ( any ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,x may be a religion 9 :i* ,buddha & ! great tea*]s ( 8 sy/em w be lift$ to _! places among ! prophets :o1 8s9ce ! _w began10 unconsci\sly te/ifi$1 by _! errors z well z by _! tru?s1 by _! failures z well z by _! successes1 to ! ,my/]y to be reveal$4 ,! fact t 9 ,buddhism ! object ( wor%ip is n ! ,buddha t 01 b ,mitrya :o is to be1 is a pa!tic confession t its ,messiah has yet to come4 ,?\gh ,buddha did n proclaim ,8 com+1 ! result ( 8 mission be>s witness to ! ne$ ( ,him4 ,s he 0 a lawgiv] prep>+ ! way = ,moses1 ev5 z ,moses prep>$ ! way = ! ,bapti/1 & z ! ,bapti/ h]ald$ ! ,*ri/ ( ,god4 ,c\ld 8 voice rea* d[n to-day f 8! quiet %ore0 to ! millions :o h tak5 hold ( him 9 hope ( f9d+ deliv]ance f ! mis]ies & p]plexities ( ?is s9ful _w1 x w\ld be to repeat a te/imony once he>d on ,jordan's banks f him ?an :om no "o born ( woman 0 great]3 8,!re /&e? ,"o among y :om ye "k n1 ! lat*et ( ^: %oes ,i am n wor?y to unloose40 ,footnote #cai3 ,mahp>anibhna ,sutta1 ii4 #cc4 #ce4 ,footnote #cbj3 #a ,cor9?ians xiv4 ,footnote #cba3 8,das ,*ri/5?um i/ das all]v]nd]li*/e2 das i/ se9 besond]] ,ruhm40--,ro!1 ,/ille ,/und51 p4 #ceg4 ,footnote #cbb3 ,acts xxviii4 #ac2 ,rom4 xv4 #bd2 #b ,tim4 iv4 #aj2 #a ,pet] i4 #a4 ,footnote #cbc3 ,greg4 ,nyss4 ,op4 iii4 #egd4 ,footnote #cbd3 ,keim1 ,rom und ,*ri/5?um1 p4 #dag4 ,footnote #cbe3 ,uhlhorn1 ,conflict ( ,*ri/ianity1 pp4 #ed1 #ij4 ,footnote #cbf3 ,ne&]1 ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 vol4 i4 pp4 #aj1 #dj4 ,footnote #cbg3 ,orig4 cont4 ,cels4 iii4 #dd-ed2 ,tatian1 c4 #cc2 ,m9ut4 ,felix1 ,octav4 #h4 #ab2 ,t]tull4 ,apolog4 #cg et passim4 ,footnote #cbh3 ,newman1 ,gramm> ( ,ass5t1 pp4 #dfj seq4 ,footnote #cbi3 ,kullavagga1 iv4 #ad4 #be2 also ibid4 vii4 #a4 #e2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xx4 ,footnote #ccj3 ,e4 ,burn\f1 ,sci5ce ( ,religions1 p4 #bhh1 notes ! analogy betwe5 ,pryad>si & 8a man greatly belov$0 9 ,daniel ix4 #bc4 ,footnote #cca3 ,see ,lotus de la bonne ,loi1 ,app4 x4 p4 #fei seq43 ,pr9sep's trans41 ,j\r4 ,asiat4 ,soc4 ,b5g4 vol4 vii4 pp4 #bai seq42 ,pr(4 ,h4 ,h4 ,wilson's1 vol4 xii4 ( ,j\r4 ,asiat4 ,soc4 ,b5g4 pp4 #aec seq4 ,footnote #ccb3 ,:eel]1 ,hi/ory ( ,india1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bad4 ,footnote #ccc3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,h&book ( ,buddhism1 p4 #bbe4 ,footnote #ccd3 ,dipavamso1 *ap4 viii4 ,footnote #cce3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,h&book ( ,buddhism1 p4 #bei4 ,footnote #ccf3 ,buddhi/ ,records ( ! ,we/]n ,_w1 trans4 by ,pr(4 ,beal1 vol4 i42 ,fo-,kwo-ki1 *ap4 xxii4 p4 xlix1 vol4 ii2 ,hiu5 ,tsiang1 ,b4 vi4 pp4 #ac1 #ad4 ,footnote #ccg3 ,lass51 ,indis*e ,alt]?4 vol4 ii4 p4 #ajgh2 vol4 iv4 p4 #gda4 ,footnote #cch3 ,dr4 ,beal1 ,buddhism 9 ,*9a1 p4 #fa2 ,dr4 ,edk9s1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 ,preface1 p4 i4 ,footnote #cci3 ,buddhism 9 ,tibet1 ,e4 ,s*lag9tweit1 pp4 #fa-ge4 ,footnote #cdj3 ,comp>ative ,progress ( ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,missions4 ,footnote #cda3 ,dr4 ,macle>1 ,gradual ,conv]sion ( ,europe1 pp4 #f-ab4 ,footnote #cdb3 ,n\veau ,j\rn4 ,asiat4 pp4 #ajf1 #acg1 #aci4 ,footnote #cdc3 ,dr4 ,edk9s1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 pp4 #hd1 #bjg4 ,footnote #cdd3 8,x may be safely ass]t$ t no ,aryan race1 :ile exi/+ 9 any?+ l purity1 0 ev] conv]t$ to ,buddhism1 or c\ld p]man5tly adopt its doctr9es40--,f]gusson1 ,tree & ,s]p5t ,wor%ip1 p4 #fg4 ,! old ,turanian race1 f> f be+ savage1 or ev5 b>b>\s1 n only laid ! basis ( ,*9ese civilisation1 b seems to h be5 also ! fir/ civilis] ( ,we/]n ,asia1 & ! fir/ to spread art & sci5ce along ! s\!rn coa/s ( ,europe4 ,! ,ib]ian1 ,etruscan1 ,phnician1 ,hittite1 ev5 ,egyptian monum5ts1 are n[ ackn[l$g$ to be relics ( ?is mighty race1 :i* mu/ h s5t horde aft] horde ov] ,asia & ,europe long be=e ! hi/oric advance we/w>ds 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ,a4,d42 its late/ invasion ( ,india may h be5 repres5t$1 n by ,scy?ian ance/ors ( ,buddha1 b ! ,sikhs4--,cond]1 8,e>ly ,races ( ,we/]n ,asia10 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,in/4 ,augu/ #ahhi1 pp4 #cj-dc4 ,footnote #cde3 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 ,introduction2 ,eitel1 ,lectures on ,buddhism4 ,footnote #cdf3 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 pp4 #aad1 #aef4 ,footnote #cdg3 ,wassilief1 ,le ,b\ddhisme1 etc41 pp4 #ad1 #ah4 ,footnote #cdh3 ,dvadatta's ,five ,po9ts 7,kullavagga1 vii4 #c4 #ad1 #ae7 all insi/ ^u a m ascetic rule ?an ! ,sangha practis$4 ,footnote #cdi3 ,/anley1 ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 pp4 #de1 #ej4 ,footnote #cej3 ,turn\r1 8,pali ,bud4 ,annals10 ,j\rn4 ,asiat4 ,soc4 ,b5g4 vol4 vi4 p4 #gbi2 ,wassilief1 ,le ,b\ddhisme1 etc41 p4 #ah4 ,footnote #cea3 ,! beg9n+ ( ! diss5sions is relat$ 9 ,kullavagga vii4 ) mu* leg5d>y adornm5t4 ,!re too1 9 vii4 #e1 & 9 ,mahavagga1 x4 #a4 #f1 ! di/9ction is drawn betwe5 8diss5sion0 & 8s*ism10 & ! woe pr$ict$ = ! break]-up ( ! ,sangha :5 x 0 at peace3 8,he is boil$ = a kalpa 9 ,niraya1 doom$ = s long to a p5ance ( mis]y40 ,! reconcil] ( a divid$ ,sangha 0 made happy = a kalpa 9 heav54 ,footnote #ceb3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,h&book ( ,buddhism1 p4 #ahb4 ,footnote #cec3 ,beal1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 p4 #aja3 8a wor%ip ( association & memory40 ,footnote #ced3 ,agni4 ,indra1 ,srya2 ,k]n1 ,buddhismus1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aef2 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 p4 #age4 ,footnote #cee3 8,a be+ ^: ess5ce 7sattva7 has become intellig5ce 7bodhu7 d]iv$ f self-enlight5+ intellect1 & :o has only once m to pass ?r\gh human exi/5ce be=e atta9+ ,buddhahood40--,eitel1 ,sanskrit-,*9ese ,dict41 p4 #bf2 ,sir ,moni] ,williams' ,buddhism1 p4 #ih4 ,footnote #cef3 ,wassilief1 ,le ,b\ddhisme1 etc41 pp4 #abd seq42 ,burn\f1 ,le ,lotus de la bonne ,loi1 p4 #cjb4 ,footnote #ceg3 ,ngrdjuna1 ! ,nagasna ( ! ,mil9dipanha1 0 ! *ief repres5tative1 if n f\nd]1 ( "o ( ! ,mahyna ,s*ools4 ,he has be5 reg>d$ z a my?ical p]sonage1 & ! "n has be5 suppos$ to be ! g5]ic "o ( v>i\s au?ors & doctors ( ! sy/em4 ,= an acc\nt ( ,h9yna & ,mahyna doctr9e1 ) its subdivisions1 see ,wassilief1 ,le ,b\ddhisme1 etc41 pp4 #i seq41 #aah seq42 ,s*lag9tweit1 ,buddhism 9 ,tibet1 pp4 #ai-eg4 ,nl&a mu/ h be5 a v important c5tre 9 ,buddhi/ times4--,f]gusson1 ,tree & ,s]p5t ,wor%ip1 p4 #gi4 ,footnote #ceh3 ,dr4 ,edk9s says ab\t #aij ,a4,d4 ,footnote #cei3 ,burn\f1 ,introd4 l'hi/oire du ,bud4 ,ind4 vol4 i4 pp4 #bbj1 #bbd 7,p>is1 #ahdd72 also ,burn\f1 ,le ,lotus de la bonne ,loi1 *ap4 xxiv4 pp4 #bfa-bfh2 also ,app5dix ,,iii4 pp4 #dih-eaa 7,p>is1 #aheb74 ,footnote #cfj3 ,mll]1 ,gif=d ,lectures1 ,natural ,religion1 p4 #edc2 ,dr4 ,beal1 ,buddhism 9 ,*9a1 p4 #abc2 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 p4 #aie4 ,footnote #cfa3 ,hodgson1 ,illu/rations ( ! ,lit]ature & ,religion ( ! ,buddhi/s1 p4 #cj2 ,burn\f1 ,introduction1 etc41 pp4 #aaf-aba2 also 9 note at p4 #aah1 quot+ ,hodgson4 ,footnote #cfb3 ,?\gh /rong aff9ities exi/ betwe5 ,gno/icism & ,buddhism1 :i* may indicate lat] connection1 9 _! orig9 !y appe> to h be5 q di/9ct4 ,! me?ods1 aims1 & t]m9ology ( ,gno/icism1 all betok5 d]ivation f purely ,we/]n s\rces4 ,x is q possible t ,gno/icism may h giv5 ,adi-,buddha to ! ,ea/1 b ! "q ( _! relations is /ill undet]m9$4 ,see ,web]1 ,hi/4 ,ind4 ,lit4 p4 #cji2 ,obry's ,nirvana1 etc41 p4 #afa2 ,bi%op ,lightfoot1 ,essay on ! ,ess5es 7,epi/le to ,colossians71 p4 #aeg2 ,home & ,=eign ,review1 vol4 iii4 pp4 #adc seq4 7#ahfc74 ,footnote #cfc3 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 p4 #bjc2 ,dr4 ,beal1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 p4 #abh2 ,dr4 ,eitel1 ,lectures1 p4 #ih4 ,footnote #cfd3 ,kullavagga1 v4 #ba4 #d2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xx4 ,footnote #cfe3 ,introd4 vi4 p4 #eeh3 8,la plume se refuse transcrire des doctr9es aussi misrables quant la =me1 qu'odieuses et dgradantes p\r le fond40 ,footnote #cff3 ryasanga1 f\nd] ( ! ,yga*>ya or contemplative sy/em ( ,mahyna 7circa #djj ,a4,d474 ,= an acc\nt ( 8 doctr9e1 see ,wassilief1 ,le ,b\dd4 pp4 #bhh seq41 & ,s*lag9tweit1 ,bud4 9 ,tibet1 pp4 #ci seq41 #df seq42 ,rhys ,davids1 ,buddhism1 p4 #bjg seq4 ,footnote #cfg3 ,a writ] 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,octob] #ahhi1 pr(esses to describe ! te/imony ( ! only report] :o has writt5 ( ,lhsa s9ce ,huc & ,gabet 7 expell$ f x =ty-five ye>s ago4 ,accord+ to ?is witness1 ! ,*ur* is n[ actually 9 grip ( ! ,/ate1 ?\gh nom9ally dom9ant4 ,( five memb]s ( ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,gr& ,lama f\r are laym51 sup]ior milit>y (fic]s1 ) ! ,reg5t at _! head4 ,till ! ,gr& ,lama is eighte5 ye>s ( age1 ! ,reg5t is supreme1 & = sixty ye>s1 n a s+le ,gr& ,lama1 *os5 z an infant1 has surviv$ 8 eighte5? bir?day66 ,footnote #cfh3 ,buddhism1 h[ev]1 introduc$ into ,tibet ! b5efits ( ! art ( writ+1 ! r$uction ( its language to an alphabet1 & gramm>2 & n only ! sacr$ lit]ature repres5t$ by ! collection ( ! ,k&jur1 b ! v miscellane\s lit]ature ( ! ,t&jur4 ,sev]al ( its ,buddhi/ mission>ies & ! k+s :o fav\r$ !m 7 really great m54 ,kublai ,khan & ! fir/ ,lami/ic ,pope ,phags-pa1 #abei-id1 r5d]$ la/+ s]vice to ! cause ( civilisation4 ,see ,kpp5's ,die ,lamais*e ,hi]>*ie und ,kir*e1 be+ vol4 ii4 ( 8 celebrat$ & mo/ labori\s "w1 ,die ,religion des ,buddha2 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,art4 ,,lamaism1 ,encyc4 ,brit4 vol4 xiv42 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism1 pp4 #bfb-cjb4 ,footnote #cfi3 ,! mo/ rec5t & reliable in=mation z to ?is p]v]t$ =m ( ,buddhism--if x is to be call$ ,buddhism1 = x seems to be no m ,buddhism ?an ,v&\x wor%ip c be call$ ,*ri/ianity--w be f\nd 9 ! works ( ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids2 ,sir ,moni] ,williams1 ,buddhism2 ,babu ,s>at ,*und] ,das1 8,religi\s ,hi/4 ( ,?ibet10 ,j\rn4 ,asiat4 ,soc4 ,b5g4 #ahha2 ,life & ,works ( ,alex4 ,csoma de ,koros1 ,?4 ,duka1 ,lond4 #ahhe2 ,e4 ,colborne ,bab]1 ,travels & ,rese>*es 9 ,we/]n ,*9a2 ,bu%ell's 8,hi/4 ( ,?ibet10 ,j\rn4 ,r4,a4,s4 vol4 xii4 #ahgh-gi4 ,footnote #cgj3 ,an invocation ( ,avalkits'v>a1 :o is believ$ to h deliv]$ x to ! ,tibetans4--,klapro?1 ,fragm5ts ,b\ddhiques1 p4 #bg2 ,hodgson1 ,illu/rations1 p4 #aga2 ,*>les ,lor+ ,brace1 ,ge/a ,*ri/i1 p4 #dee4 ,footnote #cga3 ,s*lag9tweit1 ,buddhism 9 ,tibet1 pp4 #bbg-bgb4 ,footnote #cgb3 ,*9ese ,review1 vol4 xi4 p4 #afb2 ,beal1 ,buddhism 9 ,*9a1 p4 #bcc4 ,footnote #cgc3 ,once :5 a hea!n ask$ ,hillel to %[ him ! :ole ,jewi% religion 9 a few words1 he repli$1 8,d n unto o!rs :at ?\ w\ld/ n %\ld be done unto !e40 ,ku55's ,religion ( ,israel1 p4 #bdc 7quotes ,talmud1 ,sabba?1 #ca a47 ,footnote #cgd3 ,see ,isaiah xxxii4 #e1 #f4 ,socrates says 9 ,pha$o1 8to use words wrongly & indef9itely is n m]ely an error 9 itself2 x also creates evil 9 ! s\l40 ,a va/ am\nt ( mis*ief is done by ! misapplication ( good adjectives to bad subjects4 ,all true re=m]s1 ) ,confucius1 lab\r = a rectification ( names4 ,footnote #cge3 ,%u ,k+1 ,%i ,k+1 ,pref4 & ,introd4 pp4 #a-bg1 by ,dr4 ,legge2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 iii4 ,footnote #cgf3 ,mmoire sur la ,vie et les ,op9ions de ,lao-tsze4 ,footnote #cgg3 ,translation ( ! ,to-teh-,k+1 "u ! title1 ,le ,livre de la ,voie et de la ,v]tu4 ,footnote #cgh3 1 ,pr(4 ,d\glas1 ,confucianism & ,taoism1 p4 #ahi4 ,footnote #cgi3 ,x is v int]e/+ to f9d1 s long be=e ,*ri/ianity1 & s f> f its cradle1 ?is fundam5tal rule 9 ,*ri/ian morals4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,prov]bs its enunciation may h prec$$ t 9 ! ,tao-teh-,k+ 9 po9t ( "t2 b its be+ utt]$ at ! end ( ! _w1 along ) ! 8gold5 rule0 ( ,confucius1 prove h[ ess5tially "o are ! moral in/9cts ( humanity4 ,footnote #chj3 ,dr4 ,legge's ,preface to vol4 iii4 ( ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 p4 xxi2 also ,art4 ,,lao-,,tsze1 ,encyc4 ,brit4 vol4 xiv4 ,footnote #cha3 ,dr4 ,edk9s1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 pp4 #abh1 #bjb2 ,beal1 ,introduction to ,fa-,hian1 p4 #bg4 ,footnote #chb3 ,d\glas1 ,confucianism1 p4 #hd2 ,beal1 ,buddhism 9 ,*9a1 p4 #bce2 ,edk9s1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 p4 #ccc4 ,footnote #chc3 ,9 ! :ole range ( ! ,catacombs no crucifix1 & only v few crosses h be5 f\nd1 & ^! g5]ally 9 a disguis$ =m4 ,! communion ( ! e>ly ,*ur* 0 ) ,*ri/ ris5 & triumphant2 x 0 only :5 ! _s & f]v\r ( wor%ip decl9$ t x made s mu* ( ! crucifixion4--,nor?cote & ,br[nl['s ,abridgm5t ( ,de ,rossi's ,roma ,sott]ranea2 ,smi? & ,*ee?am1 ,dict4 ( ,*ri/ian ,antiq41 ,art4 ,,catacombs1 pp4 #bid seq42 ,)][1 ,catacombs1 pp4 #bfj1 #bha4 ,footnote #chd3 ,! effici5cy ( relic-wor%ip may be said to h be5 e/abli%$ z e>ly z ! f\r? c5tury4 ,julian comp>es ! *ur*es to :it$ sepul*res1 full ( dead m5's bones4 ,developm5t ( image-wor%ip proce$$ p>i passu ) ! erection ( f9e *ur*es & _! adornm5t ) pa9t+ & sculpture4 ,!re 7 all along /rong prote/s f individual bi%ops1 & ev5 prohibitions by ,c\ncils1 b ! fa%ion 0 too /rong = _! fulm9ations4 ,ev5 9 ! eigh? c5tury ! iconocla/ic re=mation ( ,leo ! ,isaurian 0 too late4 ,8 zeal1 moreov]1 0 wrongly direct$4 ,he assail$ high art1 & condemn$ only ! truly f9e pa9t+s1 sp>+ ! rud] & m anci5t productions1 & leav+ unt\*$ ! wor%ip ( & disgraceful traffic 9 relics1 real & spuri\s4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at t 9 opposition to all ?is ,gregory 9 ! ,we/ became ! *ampion ( art z an aid to devotion4--,milman1 ,lat4 ,*ri/ianity1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aeb4 ,footnote #che3 ,9 prote/+ aga9/ ! ,mass1 ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*es ma9ta9 ! univ]sal prie/hood1 & !re=e p]petual sacrifice1 ( ! visible ,*ur*4 ,z ,*ri/'s witness on e>?1 ! ,*ur* mu/ be always (f]+ itself1 9 ?anksgiv+ = its own r$emption1 = ! salvation ( ! _w4 ,footnote #chf3 ,f]gusson1 ,tree & ,s]p5t ,wor%ip1 p4 #fg2 ,cunn+ham1 ,bhilsa ,topes1 p4 #acj4 ,footnote #chg3 ,dr4 ,edk9s1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 p4 #abf2 ,judges vi4 #ca4 ,footnote #chh3 ,orig9ally call$ ,bdhit>a1 b r5am$ by 8 tea*] ,payant>a1 9 tok5 ( 8 religi\s 8insight40 ,he is said to h br\ght to ,*9a ! fam\s alms-b[l1 :i* all ! ,buddhas ( ! ,kalpa h us$1 & w use1 & ^: f9al disappe>ance w indicate t ! religion is ab\t to p]i%4 ,?us ,buddhism has also its ,san ,greal4 ,bdih>ma is call$ ! 8wall-gaz+ ,brahman10 ?\gh a ,k%atrya1 because on 8 arrival 9 ,*9a he sp5t n9e ye>s 9 sil5t m$itation4--,eitel1 ,sanskrit ,*9ese ,dict4 p4 #bd4 ,footnote #chi3 ,dr4 ,edk9s1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 p4 #acj4 ,footnote #cij3 ,m5 :o h 9 va9 s\ght ,god )\t h happily f\nd ,him 9 ! witness ( _! own consci5ce & affection1 b g5]ally !y :o conceit$ly reject ! revelation )\t !m only obscure ! see+ faculty )94 8,:5 my/icism ?rew (f ext]nal au?ority x w5t mad1 z 9 ! revolution>y pan!ism ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,:5 x incorporat$ itself m & m 9 reveal$ tru?1 x became a b5ign p[]--z on ! eve ( ! ,re=mation40--,vaughan1 ,h\rs ) ! ,my/ics1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cef4 ,footnote #cia3 8,my/icism10 ,a4 ,se?1 ,encyc4 ,brit4 vol4 xvii4 pp4 #abi-acf4 ,footnote #cib3 ,correctly s1 if we are to judge ( ,my/icism ev5 f its pure/ phases & its be/ repres5tatives1 e4g4 ! ,quietism ( ,madame ,guyon1 ! ,spiritualism ( ,sw$5borg1 ! ,romanticism ( ,f4 von ,h>d5b]g1 bett] kn[n z ,novalis4 ,ev5 on its speculative or philosophical side1 x w\ld n be difficult to cull f ! writ+s ( ! ,cambridge ,platoni/s1 & ! ,ideali/s ( ,europe & ,am]ica1 extracts equival5t to ! aphorisms ( ,novalis1 t 8action is morbid10 8to dream is to ov]come10 t 8! s\l mu/ ab&on ! actual _w if x w\ld discov] 9 ! recesses ( ! my/ic night ! ,que5 ( ,heav51 ,et]nal ,beauty40--,hymns to ,night1 ,s*rift51 vol4 ii4 p4 #aeh4 ,footnote #cic3 ,ptimokkha2 ,prgik ,dhamm1 #c2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 xiii4 ,footnote #cid3 ,beal1 ,introduction to ,fa-,hian1 p4 #db4 ,9 an important aspect ! p]v]sion ( ,*ri/ianity 0 worse ?an t ( ,buddhism4 ,! ,buddhi/ ascetics1 ?\gh m]ciless to !mselves1 nev] tortur$ _! vanqui%$ oppon5ts4 ,!re is no p>allel to ! ,romi% ,inquisition & "s ,prote/ant atrocities 9 any ( ! annals ( ,buddhism4 ,footnote #cie3 1 #a ,tim4 iv4 #h4 ,footnote #cif3 ,tylor1 ,primitive ,culture1 vol4 i4 p4 #ddj4 ,footnote #cig3 8,vi5t enf9 le my/icisme de la d]nire poque1 qui1 de mme que t\s les my/icismes1 f9it de la manire la plus misrable1 et enfante une idoltrie grossire1 a9si que les /upides pratiques de la sorcell]ie0 7,lab\laye1 ,introd4 to ,la ,comme's transl4 ( ,wassilief's ,buddhism1 p4 xlv74 ,?is has (t5 be5 v]ifi$ 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! ,we/1 & ! fate ( _m =m] 8spiritual0 aspirants to ent] or to pe] into ! ,invisible & ,unutt]able %\ld be a p[]ful w>n+ to all :o are n[ aim+ at surpass+ ! natural conditions ( exi/5ce4 ,9 endeav\r+ to transc5d humanity1 we are likely to fall mis]ably bel[ x4 ,footnote #cih3 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 pp4 #cgj-cgi4 ,footnote #cii3 ,also ,s5eca3 8,we d n love virtue because x gives u pleasure1 b x gives u pleasure because we love x40--,de ,vit4 ,beat4 c4 ix4 8,9 do+ good man %\ld be l ! v9e1 produc+ grapes1 & ask+ = no?+ 9 hav+ done s40--,m4 ,aurel4 v4 #f & ix4 #db4 ,footnote #djj3 ,h]zog1 ,encyclop4 7,s*aff71 vol4 i4 p4 #ccd4 ,,po/script4 ,9 endeav\r+ to p]=m ! v hon\rable task assign$ to me1 ,i h _h to cont5d all along ) ! difficulty ( compris+ 9 six :at w\ld require _m m lectures prop]ly to relate4 ,mu* :i* 0 actually prep>$ ,i h be5 =c$ to omit1 consol+ myself ) ! ?\ght t1 aft] all1 ,i _h simply to lecture & n to write a comp5di\s treatise1 & t x 0 my bus9ess to sket* z tru?fully z ,i c\ld :at x 0 simply impossible1 )9 ! limits prescrib$1 adequately to depict4 ,x 0 orig9ally my int5tion to give 9 p>allel quotations ! alleg$ simil>ities betwe5 ! cont5ts ( ! ,pitakas & ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b ! conditions ( "t & space compell$ me to be cont5t ) ref]5ces to specim5s ( !m 9 ! ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 f :i* any ord9>y ,engli% read] may be able to =m a judgm5t conc]n+ !m4 ,moreov]1 :5 well on ) ! "w1 ,i discov]$ t a mu* m ?or\gh exam9ation ( ,pr(essor ,seydel's ,buddhi/-,*ri/ian ,h>mony ?an ,i c\ld pr(ess to make _h already be5 publi%$ by ,pr(essor ,kellogg ( ,allegh5y1 ,u4,s41 9 8 book on ! ,light ( ,asia & ! ,light ( ! ,_w4 ,an ,indian mission>y ( elev5 ye>s' exp]i5ce1 & ! au?or ( an excell5t ,gramm> ( ! ,h9di language1 c write ^u ?is subject1 n only ) great] au?ority1 b to mu* bett] purpose1 ?an "o :o only kn[s ,indian books ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,european translations1 & :o has n seldom be5 compell$ to take on tru/ :at he felt /rongly incl9$ to "q4 ,if ,dr4 ,kellogg's book is n ext5sively read 9 ?is c\ntry1 x c]ta9ly des]ves to be4 ,our sket* has be5 conf9$ to ,buddhism z a religion & z an e?ical sy/em4 ,! philosophy :i* has gr[n out ( x1 & especially ! psy*ology :i* lies at ! base ( its orig9al dogmas1 w\ld require a l>ge volume to exp\nd4 ,a great field is op5 "h = ^? :o h ! ability & ! leisure to cultivate x2 & ?\gh good "w has already be5 done 9 x1 we may be conv9c$ t1 until ?is psy*ology has be5 m ?or\ghly inve/igat$1 we mu/ cont9ue 9 unc]ta9ty z to :at orig9al ,buddhism 04 ,?\gh mu* has be5 writt5 ^u ! orig9 & gr[? ( ,buddhism1 ! fir/ au?oritative words are only n[ beg9n+ to be spok5 by ! le>n$ translators ( ! ,pali texts2 & ?\gh !y h dispell$ illusions & correct$ false impressions n a few1 we _c affirm t !re is a /rong cons5sus ( op9ion among !m z to ! life & tea*+ ( ! f\nd] ( ,buddhism4 ,"o is greatly impress$ by ! mode/ hesitation ) :i* !y h pres5t$ _! views1 b ?is v diffid5ce makes "o fe> t we may be attribut+ to ,buddha say+s :i* he nev] utt]$1 or t we h drawn f !m inf]5ces :i* he w\ld h dis[n$4 ,9 work+ out a sket* l ?is1 ! temptation con/antly besett+ "o is to comp>e or contra/ actual ,buddhism ) ideal ,*ri/ianity4 ,i h endeav\r$ to be> 9 m9d t our mod]n religion may 9 _m features grossly misrepres5t t ( its ,div9e ,au?or1 &1 inde$1 t 8,*ri/ianity has all along be5 mu* emb>rass$ 9 be+ oblig$ to apologise = ,*ri/5dom40#dja ,9 l mann] ,i h tri$ to make pla9 ! great di/9ction betwe5 ! orig9al sy/em ( ,buddha & t :i* v soon came to be kn[n by 8 "n4 ,an ,ori5tal w c]ta9ly misjudge ,*ri/ianity if he d]ives 8 k ( x f m$ival !ology or f "s n9ete5?-c5tury s]mons2 & we may unconsci\sly commit ! same mi/ake 9 ascrib+ to ! primitive dogmas ! int]pretation put ^u !m by its lat] s*ools4#djb ,i h read sev]al books 9 :i* ?is mi/ake 0 flagrant1 & ,i %\ld be extremely sorry to foll[ _! bad example4 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k1 h[ev]1 & until ! e>lie/ texts h be5 accurately asc]ta9$1 & sift$1 & classifi$1 ?is1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 is inevitable1 & !re=e excusable4 ,if ,i h fail$ 9 my attempt to portray accurately ev5 ! sali5t features ( ?is great religion1 x has be5 f no desire to c>icature x4 ,! days h surely pass$ :5 x c\ld be said t we 7 8too infatuat$ by a s5se ( ! sup]iority ( our own to make a fair survey ( o!r religions40#djc ,x is our duty1 & x w be = our int]e/1 to d ju/ice to !m1 &1 in/ead ( be+ cont5t ) ! s*oolboy's endeav\r to prove !m false1 we %\ld seek c>efully among ! ru9s ( ! mo/ degrad$ ( !m = all ! elem5ts ( tru? we c discov]4 ,x is 9 ?is direction t we mu/ proce$ if we w\ld f9d solid f\ndations = a true ,*ri/ian !ology1 & ! m we address ourselves to ! "w ! m likely %all we be to conv9ce ! ,*ur* ( ! prop] value ( ! ,fai? deposit$ 9 its keep+1 & to r\se x to realise its de/9y & fulfil its glori\s mission to ! _w4 ,9 correct+ ^! %eets = ! press1 ,i h (t5 be5 s5sible ( my great obligations to a v highly valu$ p]sonal fri5d1 ^: goodness 0 z rem>kable z 8 le>n+4 ,may ,i be =giv5 if1 9 gratitude = 8 k9d & g5]\s help 9 ^! v /udies1 giv5 n[ long ago1 ,i desire to keep alive ! memory ( ?is ju/ly e/eem$ ,sanskrit s*ol>1 by add+ ?is little /one to 8 cairn1 & adorn+ my book ) ! "n ( ,dr4 ,john ,muir4 ,footnote #dja3 ,et]nal ,atonem5t1 by ,dr4 ,r4 ,d4 ,hit*cock1 p4 #aeg4 ,footnote #djb3 ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 p4 #aif4 ,footnote #djc3 ,qu9et1 ,le ,gnie des ,religions1 p4 #ac4 ,pr9t$ by ,t4 & ,a4 ,,con/able1 ,pr9t]s to ,h] ,maje/y1 at ! ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity ,press4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text t 0 9 italics is enclos$ by und]scores 7italics74 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to foll[ ! lectures 9 :i* !y are ref]5c$4