,,! ,,*9ese ,,dragon                    
,,by                              ,l4   
,,newton ,,hayes                        
,,) ,,an ,,introduction ,,by            
,,fong ,f4 ,,sec1 ,,ll4,d4              
,,?ird ,,edition                        
,,comm]cial ,,press1 ,,limit$           
,,%anghai1 ,,*9a                        
#aibc                  ,,introduction   
,! subject ( ?is little book is ( g5]al 
int]e/ to p :o  are acqua9t$ ) ?+s      
,*9ese4 ,! dragon has play$ a l>ge "p  9
 ,*9ese ?\ght ?r\gh f\r ?\s& & m ye>s4  
,ev5 9 ^!  days ( ! ,republic x /ill    
fills an important place 9 ,*9ese life4 
,! dragon is "o ( ! mo/ common ornam5tal
 designs 9 ,*9a &  "o meets x :]ev] "o  
goes 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,h[ev]1 9 spite (  ! 
significance atta*$ to ! dragon1 v      
little has ev] be5  writt5 conc]n+ x 9  
ei!r ,*9ese or ,engli%4 ,only a few     
g5]al  articles on ?is subject h be5    
publi%$ 9 magaz9es1 & !  ref]5ces to x 9
 books are v brief4 ,no indep5d5t /udy (
 !  dragon 9 book =m has be5 made 9 ei!r

 ( ^! two languages  until n[4    ,!    
au?or is peculi>ly fitt$ to und]take ?is
 piece ( "w4 ,he 0  born 9 ,*9a & speaks
 ! ,*9ese language z a native4 ,?us he  
has  _h ! fir/-h& k & ! language to help
 him 9 8 /udy4  ,he has be5 /udy+ on !  
subject ( ! dragon = f\rte5 ye>s4  ,9   
?is "t he has travel$ ov] m ?an "o half 
! numb] (  prov9ces ( ,*9a4 ,! /udy is  
!re=e n ! result ( a few  mon?'s        
inve/igation1 nor is x ! product (      
rese>* 9 only "o  city or prov9ce4 ,!   
au?or's acqua9tance ) ! p & !  language 
( ,*9a h made x possible = him to g to  
orig9al  s\rces & to /udy ! subject f e 
angle4    ,p]haps ! la/ ^w on ! ,*9ese  
dragon is n yet said1  nev]!less x is   
safe to say t ?is treatise is z complete
 z our  pres5t k w p]mit4 ,?is little   
volume %\ld be ( value to  all :o are   
int]e/$ 9 ,*9a4    ,?is acc\nt ( !      
dragon w n only be ( value to =eign]s1 b
  x w also be su* to ,*9ese4 ,! au?or   
has made ?is /udy a hobby  = _m ye>s & !
 result ( 8 rese>* is a spl5did         

contribution to ! lit]ature on ,*9a4 ,x 
w\ld be a good idea =  m p to take up ! 
/udy ( o!r phases ( ,*9ese life 9 !     
same way & ?us help to int]pret ,*9a to 
! ,we/4      ,fong ,f4 ,sec4            
,may #i1 #aibb4                         
,,preface      ,9 ! spr+ ( #aiji ! writ]
 _h ! honor ( be+ a gue/ = a  week 9 !  
summ] home ( ,dr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,p4 ,m>t91 ne>
 ,pek+4 ,_m  resid5ts ( ! ,capital dur+ 
! decade prec$+ ! ,revolution1  & = a   
numb] ( ye>s be=e t1 knew 8,pe>l        
,grotto0 & visit$  ! v5]able s5ior      
mission>y ( ,*9a1 !n lately retir$ f !  
,presid5cy ( ! ,imp]ial ,tung ,w5       
,college4    ,dr4 ,m>t9 0 a s*ol> ( !   
old s*ool & enjoy$ few pursuits  bett]  
?an t ( review+ 8 rem>kable memory ( !  
classical  writ]s4 ,dur+ ! meals ! old  
g5tleman1 !n ne>ly eighty1 w\ld  quote  
readily f ,hom]1 ,horace1 & ,virgil1 &  
w\ld ask 8 gue/  to translate ! passages
 freely into ,engli% & to cite ! books &
  *apt]s quot$4    ,aft] a few days 9   
?is uncom=table situation ! gue/ began  

to  ca/ ab\t = "s means ( relief4 ,at t 
"t he _h be5 9 !  c\ntry b a few mon?s1 
& 0 j beg9n+ a g5]al /udy (  ,*9ese art4
 ,! dragon1 among o!r objects ( int]e/1 
p>ticul>ly  attract$ 8 att5tion4 ,x     
occurr$ to him to ask ,dr4 ,m>t9 "s     
que/ions ab\t ?is creature ^: =m 0 s    
popul> ) !  ,*9ese4 ,accord+ly a        
c>efully prep>$ li/ ( six or sev5       
que/ions ab\t ! dragon 0 laun*$ "o morn+
 across !  breakfa/ table be=e ! attack 
( ,greek & ,lat9 began4 ,! fir/  "q met 
) a noncommittal reply1 ! second f>$    
little bett]1  & s on to ! end4 ,!n ,dr4
 ,m>t9 admitt$ t ?is 0 "o ( !  subjects 
ab\t :i* he knew v little4 ,he 01 h[ev]1
 v w>m 9  8 desire to help f9d answ]s to
 ^! que/ions1 & he ref]r$ 8  gue/ to 8  
p]sonal fri5d1 ,sir ,rob]t ,h>t1 !      
,inspector ,g5]al (  ! ,imp]ial ,cu/oms1
 :o _h also liv$ fifty ye>s 9 ,*9a4     
,un=tunately ,sir ,rob]t's replies 7 z  
vague z ^? ( !  retir$ ,pr(essor4 ,!    
que/ions :i* 7 ask$ ( ^! two em95t      
,s9ologues 7 also submitt$ to sev]al o!r

 ,briti% & ,am]icans  9 ,pek+1 & lat] to
 _m ,*9ese1 b ) simil> results4    ,x   
soon became evid5t t if ! se>*] = light 
on 8,?+s  ,*9ese0 7 to le>n mu* ab\t ?is
 creature :i* _h *all5g$  8 att5tion1 he
 mu/ look x up f orig9al s\rces4 ,he 0  
lat]  conv9c$ ( ?is fact :5 he f\nd x   
impossible to secure any  satisfactory  
in=mation f books publi%$ 9 ,engli%4 ,he
 !n  resolv$ t be=e he himself 0 fifte5 
ye>s 9 ! c\ntry he  w\ld h answ]s to !  
sev5 que/ions :i* he _h ask$ ( 8  fri5ds
 9 ,pek+4 ,! cont5ts ( ?is bro*ure are !
 results ( a  /udy made 9 t5 prov9ces ( 
,*9a ov] a p]iod ( f\rte5 ye>s4  ,:ile  
?is volume is n (f]$ z ! f9al ^w ^u ?is 
subject1  x probably repres5ts ! mo/    
exhau/ive /udy ?us f> giv5 to !  ,*9ese 
dragon4    ,?is book is n int5d$        
prim>ily = ,s9ologues & x conta9s no    
,*9ese *>act]s4 ,! volume is writt5 = ! 
av]age read]1 :o  9 8 /udy ( ?+s ,*9ese1
 has little "t to g to orig9al  s\rces4 
,mo/ p d n wi% to be burd5$ ) long      
quotations to  prove ab/ract hypo!ses or

 to h ,*9ese *>act]s ins]t$ 9 !  text   
repeat$ly to break ! sequ5ce4    ,if    
lat] int]e/ 9 ?is subject ju/ifies x1 a 
l>g] "w w be  attempt$ & a m detail$    
pres5tation ( ! mat]ial ?us f>  collect$
 w be made4 ,! writ]'s purpose 9 ?is    
book has be5 to  make z cle> a /atem5t (
 ! subject z c\ld be done )9 !  compass 
( a small book1 )\t introduc+ unnecess>y
 mat]ial4 ,if  he has succe$$ 9 ?is     
endeavor1 he w be m ?an gratifi$4       
,,cont5ts                               
,page      ,introduction                
vii      ,preface                       
ix      ,illu/rations                   
xv        ,,*apt] ,,"o      ,! ,place ( 
! ,dragon 9 ,*9ese ,life        #c      
,,*apt] ,,two      ,h[ ! ,dragon ,idea  
,orig9at$                #aj            
,,*apt] ,,?ree      ,! ,v>ieties (      
,dragons                      #ae       
,,*apt] ,,f\r      ,:at ,dragons ,really
 ,look ,l                 #bc           
,,*apt] ,,five      ,p ,:o ,h ,se5      
,dragons                  #ca           

,,*apt] ,,six      ,! ,dragon 9 ,we/]n  
,my?ology               #ch             
,,*apt] ,,sev5      ,qua9t ,beliefs     
,ab\t ! ,dragon               #de       
,,*apt] ,,eight      ,h[ ,dragons       
,control ! ,=tunes ( ,m5       #ea      
,,*apt] ,,n9e      ,! ,hold ( ! ,dragon 
on ,*9a               #eg               
,,illu/rations          ,bronze ,dragon1
 ,kang ,hsi ,p]iod      ,dragon         
,colonnade at ,*ufu                     
,frontispieces                          
,page      ,emp]or ,kang ,hsi 9 ,dragon 
,robes               #a      ,! ,dragon 
,?rone ( ! ,rec5t ,emp]ors       #b     
,! ,han ,dyna/y ,dragons                
#g      ,! ,porcela9 ,dragon ,scre5     
#h      ,! ,dragon ,/aircase            
#ac      ,an ,imp]ial ,dragon           
#ad      ,tablet to ,confucius          
#ag      ,dragon ,gateway               
#ah      ,! ,dragon ,/one               
#ba      ,dragon ,eaves-,tile           
#bb      ,dragon-,gu>d$ ,a/rolabe       
#be      ,surr\nd$ by ,dragons          

#bf      ,a ,dragon-,m\nt$ ,bell        
#bi      ,a ,cl\d ,dragon               
#cj      ,circul> ,dragon ,eaves-,tile  
#ce      ,*i5 ,lung ,vases              
#cf      ,a ,liv+ ,dragon               
#dc      ,two ,porcela9 ,dragons        
#dd      ,! 8,dragon ,squ>e0            
#di      ,! 8,dragon ,disk0             
#ej      ,emp]or ,kang ,hsi on ! ,dragon
 ,?rone         #ee      ,a ,dragon     
,lant]n                              #ef
      ,a ,dragon ,column                
#ei      ,! ,gateway to ! ,dragon ,well 
#fj      ,! ,dragon ,tablet             
#fc      ,a ,dragon ,boat ,race 9 ,foo*[
                 #fd                    
,,*apt] ,,"o    ,,! ,,place ,,( ,,!     
,,dragon ,,9 ,,*9ese ,,life      ,!re   
are real dragons liv+ 9 ,*9a to-day4 ,^!
 are n !  horrible mon/]s t "s h imag9$ 
!m to be4 ,!y are fri5dly  creatures    
highly rev]$ by all ! p4 ,!y possess    
m>vel\s  p[]s & !y occasionally p]mit   
!mselves to be se5 by mortal  eyes4 ,su*
 is ! belief ( at lea/ sev5 out ( e t5  

,*9ese4    ,! popul> belief 9 ! dragon  
is s deeply root$ & s widespread  t x is
 advisable = "o to secure an accurate k 
( !  ,*9ese idea ( ! v5]at$ saurian if  
he desires to ga9 a truly  sympa!tic    
und]/&+ ( ?is rem>kable p4 ,ne>ly e     
phase  ( ,*9ese life be>s evid5ce ( !   
influ5ce ( ?is unique memb]  ( ! animal 
k+dom4 ,p>ticul>ly is ?is true 9 !      
realms ( _!  art1 lit]ature1 folklore1  
zology1 hi/ory1 & religion4    ,*9ese   
art employs dragon designs 9 endless    
v>iety4 ,! graceful  l9es ( its         
symmetrically proportion$ body are f\nd 
9 e "p (  ! c\ntry pa9t$ ^u silks &     
porcela91 wov5 into brocades1  c>v$ on  
wood1 embroid]$ ^u sat91 ca/ 9 bronze1 &
 *isel$  ^u m>ble4 ,x is ! mo/          
*>act]i/ically ,*9ese ( ! _m  ,ori5tal  
designs :i* are s attractive to ,we/]n  
/ud5ts ( art4    ,! lit]ature ( ! c\ntry
 ab\nds 9 ref]5ces to ?is m>vel\s       
creature z "o may readily discov] by ev5
 a cursory /udy ( its  books ( hi/ory1  
poetry1 lett]s1 m$ic9e1 & fiction4      

,*9ese folklore is replete ) c\ntless   
ent]ta9+ /ories ( !  wond]ful feats (   
?is great animal1 :ile an inf9ite numb] 
(  prov]bs & old folks' say+s be> _!    
te/imony to ! almo/  univ]sal belief 9  
its exi/5ce4    ,popul> zology places ! 
dragon next to man1 at ! head ( ! li/  (
 all liv+ creatures1 ?us occupy+ !      
position ( ! lion or  tig] 9 our ,we/]n 
classification4 ,/rictly speak+1 ,*9ese 
natural  hi/ory gives ! dragon ! rank ( 
k+ only ( scale-cov]$ animals  or       
creatures :i* live 9 ! sea2 ! two       
fabul\s creatures1 ! ,*i  ,l+ & ! ,phnix
 respectively1 h fir/ place above all   
bea/s &  o!r animals :i* live ^u ! e>?1 
& all birds & o!r  creatures :i* fly 9 !
 air4 ,b because ! dragon is equally at 
home 9 ! air & on ! e>?1 z well z 9 !   
sea1 x has be5  rank$ z ! rul] ( all    
creat$ life bel[ man4    ,*9ese geomancy
 = ages has look$ to ! dragon z a means 
(  det]m9+ ! fates & =tunes ( ! 8,sons (
 ,han40 ,until v  rec5tly comp>atively  
few ,*9ese w\ld build a h\se or bury a  

corpse  )\t fir/ consult+ a geomanc]1 :o
 w\ld1 9 "o way or ano!r1  ref] to its  
probable influ5ce ^u 8 action4 ,x is1   
moreov]1 a  g5]ally accept$ belief t e  
twelf? h\r1 day1 mon?1 & ye>  ( ! lun>  
cal5d> are "u ! dragon's dom9at+        
control4    ,*9ese hi/ory records scores
 ( appe>ances ( ! k+ ( bea/s  ?r\gh !   
f\r ?\s& or m ye>s s9ce ! age ( ! ?ree  
my?ical rul]s4 ,appe>ances ( ! dragon   
are connect$ ) !  /ories ( _m prom95t   
*>act]s ( ,*9a's pa/4 ,p]haps ! mo/     
notewor?y ref]5ce is "o :i* /ates t two 
dragons z gu>ds (  honor visit$ ! home (
 ,confucius on ! day t great sage 0     
born4 ,^! frequ5t ref]5ces to ! dragon  
are consid]$1 = !  mo/ "p1 by ! majority
 ( ,*9ese s*ol>s q z au!ntic z  !       
/atem5ts ab\t ! fam\s wor?ies !mselves4 
,*9ese religion places ! dragon 9 !     
cal5d> ( its deities z  ! ,god ( ,ra9 & 
! ,rul] ( ,riv]s1 ,lakes1 & ,seas4 ,z   
su* x  has be5 wor%ip$ = c5turies4 ,!re 
are probably v few cities (  any size 9 
! :ole c\ntry :i*1 at lea/ until ! rec5t

  revolution1 7 )\t a temple or %r9e to 
! dragon k+4 ,?is  deity 0 wor%ip$ on ! 
fir/ & fifte5? ( e mon?4    ,9 ! op9ion 
( ! writ] dwell]s 9 o!r l&s commonly ?9k
 (  ! dragon 9 mu* ! same light z !y ?9k
 ( ! c5taurs1 (  ,g]yon or ! ,m9otaur ( 
,grecian fables3 a /range my?ical       
creature  m]ely ! product ( human fancy4
 ,x is also probable t mo/ (  !m ?9k t !
 majority ( ,*9ese consid] x 9 ! same   
way1  b ?is is a mi/ak5 conception4 ,x  
may be consid]$ a v  cons]vative e/imate
 to /ate t at lea/ ?ree hundr$ & sixty  
million ,*9ese believe 9 ! actual       
exi/5ce ( dragons z firmly z  o!r       
peoples believe t !re are su* animals z 
tig]s roam+ 9  ! jungles ( ,b5gal & su* 
mon/]s z walruses w&]+ ov] !  icy       
/ret*es :i* bord] ! arctic circle1 ?\gh 
!y !mselves  may nev] h set foot ^u !   
%ores ( ,india nor h cross$ !  ,arctic  
,sea4    ,q rec5tly ! writ] made a      
localiz$ /udy ( ! univ]sality (  !      
belief 9 dragons4 ,"o hundr$            
repres5tative ,*9ese ( diff]5t  ages &  

walks 9 life 9 an important city 7 ask$ 
! foll[+  que/ions3 ,d y believe 9 !    
pres5t exi/5ce ( ! dragon8 ,&  :at      
p]c5tage ( ! p ( ,*9a d y ?9k hold ?is  
belief8  ,eighty-two ( ! "o hundr$      
answ]$ ! fir/ "q 9 !  affirmative4      
,reg>d+ ! univ]sality ( ! belief 9 !    
dragon  ^! m5 e/imat$ t at lea/         
eighty-six & six-t5?s p] c5t (  _! fell[
 nationals believe 9 its exi/5ce4 ,!    
above /udy bore  out v accurately !     
writ]'s e/imate ( ! ext5t ( ! popul>    
belief 9 ! dragon4 ,8 judgm5t 0 bas$ ^u 
que/ions ask$ _m  scores ( ,*9ese 9 t5  
diff]5t prov9ces ( ! c\ntry ?r\gh a     
p]iod ( f\rte5 ye>s4                    
,,*apt] ,,two    ,,h[ ,,! ,,dragon      
,,idea ,,orig9at$      ,! elaborate     
conception ( ! dragon :i* we f9d to-day 
9 ,*9ese  art & lit]ature is und\bt$ly a
 v diff]5t animal f ! "o  :i* 0         
responsible = ! orig9 ( ! dragon idea4  
,! fabl$ sea  s]p5t1 ! alligator1 !     
salam&]1 & ! boa con/rictor h  ea* be5  
reg>d$ z ! prototype ( ?is unique       

creature4 ,x is f>  m likely1 h[ev]1 t  
"s ant$iluvian saurian 0 ! true  s\rce f
 :i* ! dragon idea has sprung4 ,back 9 !
 dawn (  hi/ory "s e>ly memb] ( ! human 
race may h met ) "o (  ^! mon/r\s       
creatures :i* paleontologi/s tell u 71 9
 "s  p]iod ( _! developm5t1 equally at  
home on l& & 9 ! sea1  & because ( its  
gigantic size & m>vel\s p[]s attribut$  
to x  a sup]natural orig94 ,9 lat] ages1
 ev5 ! une>!d skeleton (  "o ( ^! mon/]s
 might h be5 suffici5t to h l$ to !     
inception ( ! /ory4 ,if ?is !ory is     
correct x is easy to  und]/& h[ ?r\gh   
succe$+ ages ! belief c\ld h gr[n &  h[ 
sup]/ition & co9cid5ce w\ld h done _!   
%>e to  elaborate f ! e>ly mon/] !      
m>vel\s creature ( ! pres5t  day4       
,accord+ to ! !ory advanc$ above1 !     
writ] believes t !  mo/ probable        
prototype ( ! dragon is ! ,brontosaurus 
( !  ,mesozoic age1 al?\gh ! pres5t     
conception ( ! dragon may easily  h     
sprung f su* o!r prehi/oric animals1 z !
 plesiosaurus (  ! same p]iod or !      

,iguanodon ( ! ,c5ozoic age4 ,skeletons 
(  ^! giants ( ! saurian family &       
pictures ( ! recon/ruct$  animals       
indicate a /rik+ resemblance to !       
graceful creatures t  dom9ate ! art (   
,*9a4    ,! fir/ appe>ance ( ! true     
dragon1 accord+ to ! records (  :at is  
consid]$ to be au!ntic ,*9ese hi/ory1   
occurr$ "s  =ty-six c5turies ago dur+ ! 
reign ( ,huang ,ti1 or ,hsuan ,yuan1  ! 
?ird ( ! five great rul]s4 ,we are told 
t aft] ?is  p]sonage _h reign$ "o hundr$
 & elev5 ye>s a l>ge dragon  appe>$ &   
took him to heav5 ^u 8 back4 ,s9ce t day
 dragons  h be5 se5 9 e dyna/y & by     
hundr$s ( witnesses1 z  ,*9ese hi/ory   
abundantly atte/s4 ,dragon appe>ances 7 
consid]$  auspici\s1 & augur$ well = !  
affairs ( /ate4 ,9 support (  ?is       
belief1 x is int]e/+ to note t :5 ! late
 ,presid5t  ,yuan ,%ih-kai 0 try+ to    
make himself emp]or 8 fri5ds made at    
lea/ "o attempt to une>? :at 7 suppos$  
to be ! bones ( a  dragon4 ,?is 0 done 9
 ord] t ! sup]/iti\s among 8  c\ntrym5  

might be l$ to feel t 8 desire to       
re/abli% !  empire 0 accord+ to ! law ( 
heav54    ,= c5turies x 0 ! cu/om =     
anyone :o saw a dragon1 ei!r  himself or
 ?r\gh ! magi/rate ( ! di/rict 9 :i* he 
liv$1  imm$iately to ann\nce ! fact to !
 emp]or4 ,9 e>ly days hi/ory  0 (t5     
c\nt$ f ! appe>ance ( a p>ticul> dragon4
    ,a popul> fable relates t ,y ,wang 0
 able to end ! great flood  #bbig ,b4,c4
 only aft] he _h succe$$ 9 captur+ !    
dragon1 :o 0  said to be responsible = !
 deluge4 ,! animal 0 *a9$ 9 heavy  irons
 & imprison$1 aft] :i* ! flood subsid$4 
,ev] s9ce t  "t all dragons1 we are     
told1 h trembl$ at ! memory ( ! only    
man :o ev] conqu]$ _! k9d4              
,,*apt] ,,?ree    ,,! ,,v>ieties ,,(    
,,dragons      ,to ! majority ( p ! ^w  
8dragon0 d5otes "o animal only4  ,!re   
are1 h[ev]1 at lea/ eight species (     
animals :i* be> ?is  "n4 ,^! are ! ,lung
 ,wang1 ! ,%5 ,lung1 ! ,li ,lung1 !     
,*iao  ,lung1 ! ,y+ ,lung1 ! ,*iu ,lung1
 ! ,tsao ,lung1 & ! ,tu ,lung4  ,!y all 

belong to ! g5us dragon 7,lung71 b ea*  
has "o or m  *>act]i/ics :i*            
diff]5tiates x f ! o!rs4 ,= example1  ! 
,li ,lung1 or ,*ih ,lung1 z x is also   
nam$1 has & is ! only  species :i*      
possesses w+s4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 b "o ( ^!  
species1 ! ,%5 ,lung1 :i* w be consid]$ 
at ?is "t4 ,( !  eight v>ieties ?is is !
 "o be/ kn[n4 ,! o!rs may be dismiss$  )
 a ^w4 ,dr4 ,williams1 9 8 8,middle     
,k+dom10 m5tions only ?ree  v>ieties &  
says t ^! are respectively dragons ( !  
sky1 (  ! sea1 & ( m>%es4 ,h[ev]1 x     
seems t ! ,*9ese are n  g5]ally accu/om$
 to make su* a classification4 ,!y r    
consid] t ! "o species1 ,%5 ,lung1      
controls & op]ates 9 all  ( ^! ?ree     
sph]es4 ,mo/ ( ! o!r v>ieties are m9or  
creatures  :i* are practically unkn[n & 
h slight be>+ ^u ?is /udy4  ,! "o       
exception to ?is rule is ! ,lung ,wang1 
or dragon k+4 ,?is  species diff]s f !  
o!rs 9 t its memb]s possess a dragon's  
head ^u a human body4 ,by "s ?is dragon 
is said to answ] to  ,neptune 9 ,we/]n  

my?ology4 ,ea* ocean has a dragon k+4 ,!
 memb]s  ( ?is species diff] f ^? ( ! "o
 9 :i* we are ! mo/  int]e/$ 9 t dragon 
k+s r>ely gr[ old & nev] die4 ,!  rema9+
 v>ieties are all q second>y &          
practically nev]  appe> 9 any =m ( art4 
,^! are m5tion$ only occasionally 9     
,*9ese lit]ature4 ,?is article w !re=e  
be conf9$ to an  acc\nt ( ! ,%5 ,lung1  
or _s dragon1 ! real dragon1 ! dragon   
:i* has held ,*9a 9 its spell s9ce !    
days ( ,yao & ,%un4    ,all true dragons
 are ( two k9ds3 ^? :i* are su* by bir? 
&  ^? :i* become dragons by trans=mation
 f fi% ( ! c>p  species4 ,! trans=m$    
v>iety become dragons by leap+ up !     
wat]s ( a c]ta9 cat>act ^u a we/]n      
m\nta9 /ream4 ,l>ge  numb]s ( c>p swim  
once ea* ye>1 we le>n1 to ?is wat]fall  
kn[n  z ! 8,dragon's ,gate40 ,"h "u !   
cat>act !y fl\nd] ab\t1  jump+ & spr++  
up out ( ! swirl+ wat]s2 a few ( !m     
succe$ 9 gett+ ov] ! falls to ! high]   
wat]s above4 ,^?  :i* are successful 9  
?is ef=t become dragons4 ,aft] ! /ory ( 

?is /range occurr5ce became kn[n to !   
public1 x 0 incorporat$  into ! life ( !
 p 9 a popul> say+1 & s*ol>s :o  succe$$
 9 pass+ ! great tri5nial lit]>y        
exam9ations 7  said to h 8pass$ !       
,dragon ,gate40 ,! use ( ?is figure 0   
d\btless to illu/rate ! difficulty (    
pass+ ! exam9ations1 =  x impli$ t x 0 z
 difficult a task = a man to succe$ at  
^! exam9ations z x 0 = ! c>p to leap up 
ov] ! falls4  ,?is figure has1 9        
addition1 ! happy inf]5ce t ev5 z !     
c>p1 an ord9>y fi%1 might become a      
mighty dragon1 j s by ?is  supreme ef=t 
a s*ol> might become a ma/] ( arts1 ?us 
plac+  ! value ( ! trans=mation on a v  
high scale4    ,"o anci5t au?ority tells
 u t !re is a class ( ^! great  saurians
 :i* are kn[n z 8lazy dragons40 ,^! d n 
l to ex]t  !mselves 9 ! task ( direct+  
cl\ds :i* c>ry ra9 ov] !  surface ( !   
e>?4 ,!y sometimes make !mselves small 9
 size1  drop to ! surface ( ! e>? & hide
 9 trees1 "u ro(s (  h\ses1 & ev5 9 !   
clo?+ ( unsuspect+ c\ntrym54 ,!  ,?und] 

,god1 le>n+ ( _! des]tion f _! po/s (   
duty1  s5ds 8 mess5g]s to se>* = !m & :5
 he discov]s _!  location1 kills !m )   
?und]bolts dur+ an electric /orm1 aft]  
! mann] ( ,zeus4 ,?is expla9s to _m an  
unsophi/icat$ man !  frequ5t de/ruction 
( life & prop]ty dur+ ?und]/orms4 ,an   
epi!t t 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry is (t5     
hurl$ at lazy  p is 8,lan ,lung10 or    
8lazy dragon40                  ,,*apt] 
,,f\r    ,,:at ,,dragons ,,really ,,look
 ,,l      ,comp>atively few ,*9ese ( !  
old] g5]ation seem to "q !  exi/5ce (   
dragons or to d\bt ! m>vel\s p[]s       
usually  attribut$ to !m4 ,9 view ( ?is 
fact x is surpris+ to f9d h[  ignorant  
is ! av]age p]son :o holds ?is belief :5
 ask$ to give  an accurate description (
 ! great creature4 ,p]haps ?is is n     
/range1 h[ev]1 :5 we rememb] t !re are  
app>5tly no books  :i* purport to give  
any complete acc\nt ( ! dragon4 ,!      
innum]able ref]5ces to x 9 ,*9ese       
lit]ature l>gely deal )  ! dragon's     
p]=mances & say little ab\t 8 appe>ance4

 ,9 ord]  to make a satisfactory /udy ( 
! dragon "o mu/1 !re=e1 foll[  a t$i\s  
process ( collect+1 elim9at+1 & cord9at+
 a  multitude ( /ories1 prov]bs1 &      
incid5ts f hi/ory1 & make a  c>eful /udy
 ( select$ pictures & c>v+s1 & if       
possible secure  int]views ) ^? :o      
pr(ess to h se5 ! great k+ ( !  animal  
creation4    ,"o writ]1 :o is anxi\s to 
make intelligible to ! av]age p]son  !  
accept$ repres5tation ( ! k+ ( all      
creat$ life bel[ man1  describes !      
dragon 9 t]ms ( animals ) _m ( :i* we   
are  q famili>4 ,he says t x has ! head 
( a camel1 ! horns ( a  de]1 ! e>s ( a  
c[1 ! neck ( a snake1 ! body ( a fi%1 ! 
scales ( a c>p1 ! claws ( an eagle1 !   
eyes ( a devil1 & !  paws ( a tig]4     
,! bodies ( all dragons1 we are in=m$1  
are symmetrically divid$  into ?ree     
sections ( equal l5g?1 ^! divisions be+ 
f !  po9t ( ! nose to ! %\ld]s1 f !     
%\ld]s to ! ?ighs1  & f ! ?ighs to ! tip
 ( ! tail4    ,! 8,%oh ,w510 a book     
writt5 dur+ ! ,tang dyna/y1 says t !    

dragon has ! foll[+ m>vel\s p[]s3 8,x   
may cause itself to  become visible or  
invisible at w1 & x c become long or    
%ort1  & co>se or f9e1 at its own good  
pleasure40 ,?is wond]ful  v]satility1 ( 
c\rse1 makes x difficult = u to f9d any 
record$  /atem5t ( ! maximum l5g? ( ?is 
creature1 s9ce !re is no  limit set =   
its expansion4 ,ano!r book ( ! ,tang    
dyna/y helps out  a little1 h[ev]1 :5 x 
describes a c]ta9 dragon1 :i* 0 f\nd    
dead1 z hav+ be5 ov] "o hundr$ feet     
long1 :ile o!r acc\nts  lead u to       
believe t ! dragon at times assumes a   
size sev]al  miles 9 l5g?4 ,! smalle/   
size ( :i* any /atem5t has be5  f\nd 0 !
 l5g? ( a silkworm4    ,9 color1 dragons
 are diff]5tiat$ z be+ r$1 yell[1 blue1 
:ite1  or black4 ,dur+ ! ,man*u dyna/y1 
yell[ 0 ! imp]ial color1 &  ! yell[ or  
gold5 dragon 0 designat$ ! imp]ial      
dragon4 ,9 !  prec$+ dyna/y1 ! ,m+      
dyna/y1 :5 r$ 0 ! national color1  x is 
believ$ t ! r$ dragon 0 proclaim$1 by   
decree ( !  emp]or1 ! (ficial dragon ( !

 empire4    ,e c>eful obs]v] 9 ! ,f>    
,ea/ has notic$ a diff]5ce 9 !  numb] ( 
claws 9 ! pictures ( dragons--"s        
possess+ ?ree1  o!rs f\r1 & /ill o!rs   
five claws4 ,! smalle/ numb] is f\nd  on
 ! dragons ( ,japanese art4 ,ord9>ily   
,*9ese dragons h f\r  claws1 :ile ^? (  
five 7 recogniz$ z imp]ial dragons4 ,!  
two  types ( ,*9ese dragons1 ) ^! slight
 v>iations1 are1 h[ev]1  "o & ! same    
species1 & are id5tical 9 e o!r respect4
 ,an  attempt has be5 made to prove t ! 
v>iation ( claws f ?ree  ?r\gh f\r to   
five is a hi/oric developm5t1 b we c f9d
 no  conclusive pro( to sub/antiate ?is 
!ory4 ,x is possible t !  anci5t dragon 
designs ( ,*9a h only ?ree claws on ea* 
foot4  ,japan borr[$ h] art f ,*9a1 & x 
is n unlikely t at !  p]iod :5 %e borr[$
 ?is design ! ,*9ese dragon 0 repres5t$ 
) only ?ree claws4    ,x is said ( ! c>p
 t x always has exactly ?irty-six scales
 9  ea* r[1 lead+ f its head to its     
tail4 ,aft] ! same mann]1  dragons are  
describ$ z possess+ eighty-"o scales 9  

ea* s]ies4    ,! true dragon has n9e    
sons4 ,ea* is diff]5t 9 appe>ance f !   
o!r & ea* possesses 8 own peculi>       
*>act]i/ics4 ,^!  *ildr5 ( ! dragon are 
! v>iants 9 appe>ance f ! g5]al  l9e :i*
 we are accu/om$ to look = 9 ! dragon1 &
 :i* we  (t5 see 9 c>v+s & ar*itecture4 
,! dragon heads on bells1 on  ! peak    
tiles ( temples & palaces1 on sword     
hilts1 on monum5ts1  & 9 simil> places  
are repres5tations ( ! prog5y ( ! ,god (
  ,ra9 & d n portray t god himself4     
,,*apt] ,,five    ,,p ,,:o ,,h ,,se5    
,,dragons      ,9 spite ( ! fact t mod]n
 zology has nev] includ$ 9 !  pages (   
its textbooks descriptions & pictures ( 
! dragon z a  creature ( reality1 yet   
!re are m5 9 ,*9a to-day :o claim to  h 
se5 ^! animals1 "s ( :i* h be5 describ$ 
v  accurately4 ,! writ] has _h !        
pleasure ( conv]s+ ) sev]al  ,*9ese :o  
ass]t t !y h se5 ! dragon at close      
range4 ,he  has also secur$1 at         
secondh&1 in=mation f o!rs :o are said  
to h look$ ^u ?is mo/ m>vel\s (         

creatures4 ,all ( ! m5  :om ! writ]     
int]view$ 7 ( s\nd m9d & 7 accr$it$ by  
_! acqua9tances ) be+ m5 ( reliable "*4 
,!re is no  reason to believe t any "o (
 !m 7 inebriate or "u !  p[] (          
halluc9ation at ! "t !y witness$ !      
creatures (  _! description4    ,a tea*]
 9 a ,ti5ts9 s*ool relat$ t he once saw 
a dragon 9 8  native prov9ce1 ,%antung4 
,! animal _h be5 kill$1 s x 0  believ$1 
by ! ord] ( heav51 z a puni%m5t = "s    
misde$1 &  _h fall5 to ! e>?1 :]e x lay 
z ! c5t] ( attraction =  hundr$s ( p :o 
came 9 cr[ds f t :ole c\ntryside4 ,its  
appe>ance 0 id5tical ) t ( ! popul>     
pictures ) :i*  we are famili>4 ,a s*ool
 s]vant1 :o 0 also a native ( ,%antung1 
& ^: home 0 ne> ! sea1 decl>$ t he once 
saw a dragon4 ,he  told ! writ] t x 0   
ab\t fifte5 feet long & t x fell to  !  
e>? dur+ a sev]e ra9/orm4 ,x1 too1      
attract$ a l>ge cr[d  ( spectators4     
,al?\gh ?is man 0 unable to give v      
satisfactory  details1 yet 8 unusual    
e>ne/ness & app>5t s9c]ity 7  conv9c+   

evid5ce t he _h really se5 a mon/] ( a  
rem>kable  type4    ,a ?ird p]son1 an   
eld]ly g5tleman1 :o is a tea*] (        
classics 9  "o ( ! s*ools ( ,nank+1     
in=m$ ! writ] t :5 he 0 a  "y man a     
dragon fell "o night f ! sky & lay =    
tw5ty-f\r  h\rs ne> 8 home4 ,! c\ntry   
folk respectfully cov]$ x )  matt+1 b he
 manag$ to raise ! cov]+ & saw its great
 c[like  head1 its f\r legs1 & its      
scale-cov]$ body4 ,x 0 ab\t fifty  feet 
long & blue 9 color4 ,z 9 ! o!r two     
cases1 ?is dragon  disappe>$ f ! e>?    
dur+ a heavy /orm4 ,x 0 g5]ally  believ$
 t x came to life aga9 & 0 tak5 up into 
! heav5s  ^u a cl\d1 :i* =m$ b5ea? its  
body4    ,! arti/ :o drew ! picture ( ! 
cl\d dragon rec\nt$ t1  dur+ !          
?irty-f\r? ye> ( ! ,emp]or ,kuang ,hsu1 
:ile he  himself 0 on 8 way to ,pek+ to 
receive ! seals ( a di/rict  magi/rate1 
he came across a dragon ly+ ^u ! banks (
 ! ,yell[  ,riv] 9 ,%antung prov9ce4 ,x 
0 blue 9 color & 0 sev]al t5s  ( feet 9 
l5g?4 ,! :ole air 0 fill$ ) a v (f5sive 

salt  sea odor1 & out ( respect = !     
creature1 :i* 0 suppos$ to  h fall5 f   
heav51 ! cr[d ( p t /ood ar\nd 0  busily
 engag$ 9 spr9kl+ wat] ^u its body4 ,!  
head resembl$  t ( a c[ & ! arti/ said t
 except = ! long eyebr[s !  picture ( ! 
cl\d dragon repres5t$ v fai?fully :at he
  actually saw4    ,ano!r ,*9ese has    
relat$ t a bus9ess p>tn] ( 81 :ile on a 
j\rney up ! ,yangtze ,riv]1 saw ?ree    
dragons cross+ a m\nta9  range ne> !    
%ore4 ,e p]son on bo>d 0 spellb\nd z !y 
wat*$ ! ?ree mon/]s--"o yell[1 ano!r    
:ite1 & ! ?ird  blue--z !y maje/ically  
made _! way ) great undulat+ /rides  up 
! m\nta9 side4 ,! dragons pass$ by s ne>
 ! boat t !  obs]v]s saw e detail ( _!  
heads & ! lacelike scales (  _! bodies4 
,! boat 0 respectfully /opp$ 9 mid-riv]1
 & only  :5 ! dragons _h disappe>$ ov] !
 ridge did ! boatm5 resume  _! task at !
 o>s4    ,v>i\s /ories h come to !      
writ]1 ( dragons :i* h be5  se5 ei!r    
rid+ ^u banks ( fog or dangl+ f pass+   
cl\ds  dur+ great w9d/orms or ra9/orms4 

,inv>iably ^! h be5  describ$ z hav+    
scale-cov]$ bodies4 ,"o reasonable      
explanation  = ! susp5d$ dragons may be 
f\nd 9 insipi5t tornadoes & wat]  sp\ts 
:i* nev] rea* ! gr\nd4 ,!re seems1      
h[ev]1 to be no  explanation = ! dragon 
visits describ$ by ! five obs]v]s1      
unless x be t /range mon/]s ( ! deep    
ei!r crawl$ up out (  ! riv] & lay on ! 
bank1 9 a dormant /ate1 or 7 suck$ up by
  ocean- or riv]-wat] sp\ts1 & :5 !     
columns ( wat] broke ov]  ! l& !        
creatures 7 dropp$ f> f _! natural      
habitat4 ,two  difficulties at once     
pres5t !mselves to combat ?is hypo!sis4 
,!  fir/ ( ^! is ! improbability t !re  
are su* creatures 9  exi/5ce1 & ! second
 difficulty lies 9 ! /rang5ess ( _!     
disappe>ance aft] com+ to ! e>?4 ,z a   
possible explanation (  ! fir/          
difficulty1 we wi% to ask :e!r x is n   
possible t  !re are /ill exi/+ 9 ! dep?s
 ( ! sea & 9 great riv]s  curi\s        
reptiles & /range mon/]s su* z no human 
be+s n[  liv+ h ev] se51 ! desc5dants ( 

! mighty saurians :i*  liv$ ^u ! e>?    
long ages ago1 & :i* geologi/s tell u   
lat]  ent]$ ! sea1 mak+ t _! m secretive
 habitat8    ,z an explanation = !      
disappe>ance ( ! dragon 9 ^! ?ree       
in/ances ! writ] notes two facts4 ,!    
dragons 9 ea* case 7  se5 on ! banks (  
great riv]s & 9 ea* case disappe>$ aft] 
a  heavy ra94 ,might x n h be5 t !      
mon/]s 7 9 reality  n dead b only       
unconsci\s1 & t ! heavy flood wa%$ !    
creatures back into ! riv] :5ce !y 7    
c>ri$ out to sea8                       
,,*apt] ,,six    ,,! ,,dragon ,,9       
,,we/]n ,,my?ology      ,! dragon is n a
 conception ( ! ,*9ese m9d alone4 ,x    
also  occupies a prom95t place 9 !      
leg5ds & lit]ature ( mo/ ( !  c\ntries (
 ,europe4 ,cic]o 9 8 8de ,div9atione0   
7,book ,,ii1 l9e #cj71  ,euripides 9 8  
8,philo/ratus0 7,book ,i1 l9e #b71 &    
,hom] 9 !  8,iliad0 7,book ,,ii1 l9e    
#cji7 all m5tion a dragon4    ,! ,bible1
 9 tw5ty-two ref]5ces 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t 
& ?irte5  in/ances 9 ! ,new1 ref]s to ! 

dragon ei!r allegorically or z a  real  
animal2 h[ev]1 9 _m ( ^! passages1      
especially 9 ! ,old  ,te/am5t1 ! ^w     
8dragon0 is an un=tunate r5dition1 = 9  
sev]al places ! writ]s ( ! ,scriptures v
 evid5tly _h !  conception ( an animal t
 0 9 all probability ! mod]n jackal4    
,! my?s & leg5ds ( ,europe h pres]v$ = u
 num]\s dragon  /ories ) :i* we are m or
 less famili>4 ,among o!rs are !  tale (
 ,p]seus1 :o rescu$ ,&rom$a f a dragon2 
! /ory ( ,/4  ,george & ! ,dragon2 !    
acc\nt ( ,sigfri$1 :o kill$ a dragon at 
,worms2 & ! /ory ( ,be[ulf1 :o 9 ! e>ly 
days ( hi/ory's  dawn dispat*$ a dragon 
aft] slay+ ,gr5del4    ,k+ ,ar?ur1 :o 0 
spok5 ( z ! 8dread ,p5dragon10 is       
describ$  by ,t5nyson1 9 8 8,idylls ( ! 
,k+10 z sitt+ ^u a v]itable  dragon     
?rone :i* w\ld vie 9 spl5dor ) t (      
,*9a's ,man*u  emp]ors4 ,! vivid        
imag9ation ( ! poet laureate gives u ?is
  picture3             8,to 8 cr[n !    
gold5 dragon clung          ,& d[n 8    
robe ! dragon wri!d 9 gold          ,& f

 ! c>v5 "w beh9d him crept          ,two
 dragons gild$1 slop+ d[n to make       
,arms to 8 *air1 :ile all ! re/ ( !m    
,?r\gh knots & loops & folds innum]able1
          ,fl$ ev] ?r\gh ! woodwork till
 !y f\nd          ,! new design :]e9 !y 
lo/ !mselves40      ,_m coa/ & riv]     
cities ( ,engl&1 ,france1 ,italy1 &     
,egypt /ill  pr\dly rec\nt _! local     
leg5ds ( cruel dragons :i* 7 sla91  aft]
 battles royal1 ^u ne>-by riv]s or 9    
adjac5t seas4 ,we may  read ( ! ,gre5   
,dragon ( ,mordi=d1 ! ,dragon ( ,norwi*1
 ! ,great  ,dragon ( ,pittempton1 !     
,dragon ( ,naples1 ! ,dragon ( ,arles1 !
  ,dragon ( ,lyons1 ! ,dragon (         
,m>seilles1 ,sebec1 ! ,dragon ( !       
,nile1 & _m m4 ,^! /ories are pr\dly    
treasur$ z ! sacr$  traditions ( _!     
respective cities & c\ntries4    ,!     
,*9ese conception ( ! dragon pres5ts a v
 diff]5t creature  f t ( ! nations      
bord]+ on ! ,m$it]ranean & !  ,atlantic4
 ,x is true t !re are a few po9ts (     
simil>ity1 b  !re is only "o to :i* we  

%all call att5tion at ?is "t4 ,t  is    
reg>d+ its ke5ness ( eyesight4 ,bo?     
types are end[$ )  m>vel\s vision4 ,!   
,*9ese dragon is deaf & x is expla9$ t  
its eyes1 ?r\gh natural comp5sation1 h  
atta9$ an extraord9>y  p[]4 ,8 vision is
 s ke5 t he c easily di/+ui% a blade (  
grass "o hundr$ li away4 ,9 ?is         
connection x is int]e/+ to  recall t !  
,engli% ^w 8dragon0 is d]iv$ f ! ,greek 
8drakon0 771 :i* means 8to gaze0 or 8to 
see10 & ! classics  m ?an once ref] to !
 animal z 8%>psight$40    ,we d n "k :o 
fir/ atta*$ ! ,engli% "n 8dragon0 to !  
,*9ese conception 8lung10 b x is h>dly  
fair to ! ,ori5tal rul]  ( ! sea to be  
br&$ ) ! /igma :i* accompanies ! ,engli%
  designation4 ,s9ce ! rec5t revolution1
 sev]al dev\t ,we/]n]s  h be5 he>d to   
express _! great satisfaction t ! dragon
  flag has n[ =ev] disappe>$4 ,a        
misconception ( ! use ( !  ^w 8dragon0  
_h caus$ ! speak]s to confuse ! evil    
mon/]  m5tion$ 9 ! book ( ,revelation ) 
! animal s highly rev]$  by ! ,*9ese4 ,!

 dragon ( ! ,*9ese diff]s f ! g5]ally   
accept$ ,we/]n idea 9 ?ree /rik+        
p>ticul>s3 9 appe>ance1 9  disposition1 
& 9 ! reg>d 9 :i* x is held4    ,9      
appe>ance1 ! ,european conception v>ies 
b slightly f !  creature :i* 0 its      
probable prototype1 save = ! addition ( 
a  pair ( w+s4 ,! ,*9ese species is     
develop$ to a high] degree4 ,!  latt]   
has a m massive head f :i* protrude two 
bran*+ horns4  ,?is species1 ) ! s+le   
exception ( ! ,*ih ,lung1 or ,li ,lung1 
has no w+s b travels f place to place ^u
 ! cl\ds4    ,a /ill great] diff]5ce    
betwe5 ! two v>ieties exi/s 9 !  matt] (
 disposition4 ,! ,european dragon is    
usually portray$ z a  cruel mon/]1 !    
p]sonification ( all t is evil1 & !     
enemy  ( man4 ,*ri/ian art repres5ts x z
 oppos$ to law1 h>mony1 &  progress &   
symbolic ( s9 & paganism4 ,9 ?is        
allegorical s5se x  is pa9t$ 9 /ruggles 
) ,/4 ,george1 ,/4 ,mi*ael1 & ,/4       
,sylve/]1 :o p]sonifi$ ,*ri/ianity &    
enlight5m5t4 ,sa9ts &  m>tyrs are       

pictur$ 9 ! process ( cru%+ ! dragon    
b5ea?  _! feet4 ,! ,*9ese dragon1 on !  
o!r h&1 is 9 ?is respect  v ne>ly its   
anti!sis4 ,x is a b5efic5t creature1 a  
fri5d to  man4 ,x br+s ! ra9 :i*        
produces ! crops t 9 turn supply  8     
food4    ,! ?ird po9t ( di/9ction betwe5
 ! two dragons lies 9 !  e/eem 9 :i* x  
is held4 ,! ,we/]n species 0 a horrible1
  loa!some creature1 %unn$ & dread$ by  
all mortals1 :ile !  ,asiatic dragon is 
held 9 rev]5ce & ev5 wor%ip$ by !       
,*9ese4  ,?is creature is 9 fact s      
highly rev]$ t "o ( ! mo/ sacr$  titles 
:i* 0 be/[$ ^u ! emp]ors 0 8,! ,true    
,dragon40                  ,,*apt]      
,,sev5    ,,qua9t ,,beliefs ,,ab\t ,,!  
,,dragon      8,! :isk]s ( ! dragon10   
accord+ to a book ( ! ,yuan dyna/y1     
8are ?ree feet long & purple 9 color4   
,if dragon :isk]s are  m\nt$ ^u a cry/al
 h&le l a horsehair :ip & are plac$ 9 a 
room at night1 flies & mosquitoes w n   
ent]40 ,we are fur!r  in=m$ t 8if ?is   
in/rum5t is swi%$ ?r\gh ! air x w  make 

su* a noise t *ick5s1 dogs1 c[s1 &      
horses on he>+ x  w try to hide4 ,if    
dragon :isk]s are plac$ 9 deep wat] all 
scale-cov]$ animals w swim imm$iately to
 ! spot1 ?9k+ t  _! ma/]1 ! dragon1 is  
!re40    ,a /range fire plays ab\t !    
body ( ! dragon4 ,?is diff]s f  ! fire )
 :i* we are famili> 9 t x blazes        
brightly :5  br\ght into contact ) wat]4
 ,if1 h[ev]1 t]re/rial fire t\*es  !    
dragon flames1 ! latt] w imm$iately be  
ext+ui%$4    ,z long z ! dragon has     
moi/ure 9 ! =m ( wat] or cl\ds  surr\nd+
 its body1 x reta9s its m>vel\s p[]s (  
motion & (  mutability1 b :5 ?is moi/ure
 dries up1 ! dragon becomes  p[]less &  
dies4    ,x is said t ! blood ( "s      
dragons is r$2 ( o!rs1 black4  ,rubies  
are (t5 suppos$ to be petrifi$ drops ( !
 r$ v>iety4    ,we are in=m$ ( !        
rem>kable fact t dragons *ange _! bones 
p]iodically & z regul>ly z snakes %$ _! 
sk9s & de] _!  horns4 ,dragon bones are 
suppos$ to be buri$ 9 _m high m\nta9s1  
& _! pres5ce has mu* to d ) !           

det]m9ation ( fng-%ui4  ,l(ty peaks t   
are frequ5tly tipp$ ) cl\ds or envelop$ 
9 mi/  are believ$ to conta9 ! bones (  
"s great dragon :i* attract to  !mselves
 ! moi/ure ( ! pass+ cl\ds4    ,! saliva
 ( ! dragon1 we are told1 is purple 9   
color1 & is  consid]$ ! mo/ fragrant (  
all p]fumes4 ,x is said to be employ$  9
 ! manufacture ( a v valuable inc5se4   
8,dragon's saliva  inc5se0 0 =m]ly s5t z
 a tribute to ! emp]or by "o ( !  we/]n 
prov9ces4    ,"o writ] expresses a      
rem>kable !ory ( ! dragon's po/hum\s    
/ate4 ,he says t :5 !y die dragons turn 
into crabs4 ,dragons are  puni%$ = m9or 
(f5ses1 accord+ to ! w ( heav51 by hav+ 
_! e>s cut (f2 = great] (f5ses1 by be+  
s5t to ! e>?1  :]e !y are expos$ to !   
view ( m5 9 a /ate z if dead4    ,?ree  
?+s ( :i* dragons are exce$+ly fond are 
bamboo trees1  ars5ic1 & ! fle% (       
swall[s4 ,! graceful bran*es ( ! bamboo 
are v pleas+ to ! eye ( ! dragon :o1 :5 
!re is no human  be+ 9 sight1 delights  
to lie "u _! %ade & he> ! w9d  ru/l+ !  

leaves above4 ,ars5ic1 :i* is to mortal 
man a deadly  poison1 is food to !      
dragon4 ,9 fact1 x is a favorite article
 (  diet1 & dragons gr[ fat ^u x4 ,!    
delicacy1 h[ev]1 = :i*  ! dragon has !  
greate/ fondness1 is swall[s' fle%4 ,woe
 to !  man :o ev] tries to cross a body 
( wat] 9 a boat aft] hav+  eat5 a di% ( 
roa/$ swall[s1 = a peculi> fragrance1   
:i*  dragons are always able to detect1 
w cl+ to 8 p]son4 ,! man 9  ! boat w be 
pursu$ by "o ( ^! animals1 :o w cause a 
/orm to rise1 ! boat w be upset1 & !    
un=tunate p]son  precipitat$ into !     
wat]1 :]e he w fall easy prey to ! rul] 
( ! sea4 ,"u ord9>y conditions ! dragon 
%[s no fondness =  human fle%1 b ) su*  
provocation we are told t he %\ld be    
consid]$ entirely excusable4    ,at !   
autumnal equ9ox1 accord+ to "o s\rce1 ! 
majority (  dragons desc5d into ! sea   
:]e !y hib]nate = six mon?s4 ,9  fact1 !
 home ( dragons is on ! floor ( ! ocean 
:]e !y dwell  9 beautiful palaces4 ,at !
 v]nal equ9ox dragons leave ! sea &     

asc5d aga9 into ! cl\ds4 ,de/ructive    
typhoons & equ9octial  hurricanes along 
! coa/1 9 ! spr+ & autumn1 are caus$ by 
!  di/urbance ( ! wat]s :5 ! great      
animals ?us ent] or leave  _! m>itime   
home4                  ,,*apt] ,,eight  
,,h[ ,,dragons ,,control ,,! ,,=tunes   
,,( ,,m5      ,! surface ( ! e>? is     
believ$ to be cov]$ ) a network (       
invisible pa?s ( ! dragon kn[n z ,lung  
,mei4 ,p :o build _!  h\ses or f9d      
graves = _! dead ^u "o ( ^! c\rses are  
extremely =tunate4 ,! rul+ emp]ors1     
h[ev]1 made ef=ts to  prev5t _! subjects
 f occupy+ ! positions ^u su*  auspici\s
 sites4 ,:5 ,*ao ,m+1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,sung 
dyna/y1  :ile /ill an unkn[n "y man 9   
r$uc$ f9ancial /raits1 0  =c$ to move 8 
fa!r's bones1 he c>ri$ !m 9 a re$ bag & 
buri$ !m by accid5t ^u "o ( ^! dragon   
pa?s4 ,z a result (  ?is fact1 we are   
told1 heav5 smil$ ^u him & he himself n 
long  aft]w>d became an emp]or4    ,)9 !
 pa/ few ye>s1 a "y ,*9ese1 :o _h be5   
/udy+ 9  ,japan1 committ$ suicide =     

political reasons :ile on 8 way across  
! ocean4 ,because he 0 s well belov$ he 
0 buri$ by 8 fri5ds  9 a beautiful      
m\nta9 valley on a dragon pa?4 ,! ,bo>d 
( ,rites 9  ,pek+1 on he>+ ( ?is1 ord]$ 
! grave remov$1 s5d+ telegram  aft]     
telegram to ! local magi/rates to h !   
c(f9 dis9t]r$  at once & tak5 to ano!r  
spot4 ,s9ce ! ,revolution1 x is said  t 
! /ud5t's body has be5 tak5 back to its 
fir/ re/+ place4    ,:5 ,*9ese obs]ve ! 
natural ph5om5on :i* 9 ! ,we/ is        
commonly describ$ z 8! sun draw+ up     
wat]10 !y say t :at is  se5 is ! dragon 
suck+ up wat] to =m ! cl\ds4    ,:5 ra9 
falls ^u "o man's field & n ^u 8        
neighbor's1 or  ^u "o half ( a man's f>m
 & n ^u ! o!r1 "o explanation  :i* is   
advanc$ = ?is fact is t ! l9e :i* m>ks !
  division ( dry & wet l& is directly   
b5ea? ! b\nd>y l9e (  ! t]ritory gov]n$ 
by two diff]5t dragons4 ,"o sees fit to 
ord]  ra9 :5 ! o!r does n4 ,! t]ritories
 controll$ by !  diff]5t dragons are    
r$i/ribut$ once ea* ye>1 on ! sev5te5?  

( ! ?ird mon?1 :i* is kn[n z 8,li       
,hsia10 8,! ,fe/ival ( !  ,beg9n+ (     
,summ]40    ,a few amus+ illu/rations ( 
! way 9 :i* dragon sup]/itions  h be5   
all[$ to play a lead+ "p 9 ,*9ese life h
 come to  ! writ]'s att5tion4 ,a ,ti5ts9
 di/rict magi/rate1 ab\t =ty  ye>s ago1 
tri$ to make an outlet f ! ,pei ,riv] 9 
ord] to turn  (f ! wat] at ! "t ( a     
flood4 ,aft] sp5d+ too mu* money 9  :at 
prov$ to be an unsuccessful ef=t1 he    
jump$ into ! riv] &  0 dr[n$4 ,! /ory   
goes t ! flood imm$iately subsid$ & !   
(ficial turn$ into a dragon4 ,%ortly    
aft]w>ds he 0 *ang$ into a  snake & 0   
captur$4 ,?is creature 0 c>ri$ 9 /ate   
into  ,ti5ts9 ,city :]e x 0 plac$ 9 !   
dragon temple & 0  wor%ip$ by ! vic]oy (
 ,*ihli prov9ce1 :o 0 none o!r ?an ,li  
,hung ,*ang4 ,?is (ficial lat] became   
prime m9i/] & held t  position = tw5ty  
ye>s4    ,9 ! he>t ( ,wu*ang !re is a   
/eep hill :i* cuts ! bus9ess  "p ( !    
city into two sections4 ,?is hill is s  
/eep t x is  practically impossible to  

c>ry ! traffic ov] x4 ,"s ,*9ese claim  
! hill to be ! dwell+ place ( a         
tortoise1 o!rs ( a s]p5t1  & /ill o!rs (
 a dragon4 ,"s ye>s ago1 :5 ,*ang ,*ih  
,tung 0  liv+ 9 t city z vic]oy ( ,hunan
 & ,hupeh1 he caus$ a tunnel  to be cut 
?r\gh ! hill s t communication f "o     
bus9ess  c5t] to ! o!r w\ld be          
facilitat$4 ,n long aft] ?is 0          
complet$1 ! vic]oy began to suff] f a   
c>buncle on 8 neck4  ,*9ese & =eign     
physicians alike fail$ 9 _! attempts to 
cure  him4 ,at la/ a geomanc] 0         
consult$4 8,i "k ! reason = y\r         
,excell5cy's illness10 he said )\t      
hesitation4 8,y h caus$ !  dragon's     
haunt to be p5etrat$4 ,block up ! tunnel
 9 ! hill &  y w get well40 ,! ?+ 0     
done1 ! vic]oy soon recov]$1 &  fai? 9 !
 dragon on ! "p ( ! p ( ,wu*ang 0 m     
firmly e/abli%$ ?an ev]4 ,x might be    
add$ t s9ce !  ,revolution ! tunnel     
?r\gh ! hill has aga9 be5 op5$4    ,_m  
ye>s ago l>ge numb]s ( ! /ud5ts (       
,hang*[ ,city fail$ to  pass ! ,*u ,j51 

or ,ma/] ( ,arts1 ,exam9ation4 ,! fact  
sorely  puzzl$ ! city magi/rates1 :o lo/
 mu* 8face40 ,no explanation  c\ld be   
f\nd = ?is fact until a geomanc] expla9$
 t a dragon  liv+ 9 ! m\nta9 range      
nor?we/ ( ! city _h no room to wag  8   
head1 & t a l>ge section ( "o end ( !   
range mu/ be dug  away be=e ,hang*[     
/ud5ts w\ld be able to succe$4 ,!       
geomanc]'s  sugge/ion 0 c>ri$ out1 !    
dragon 0 giv5 ! *ance he desir$1  & x is
 ne$less to say t s9ce t "t all has be5 
well4                  ,,*apt] ,,n9e    
,,! ,,hold ,,( ,,! ,,dragon ,,on ,,*9a  
,! ^w 8dragon0 occupies a prom95t place 
9 ! common phraseology  ( ! c\ntry4 ,"s 
illu/rations ( ?is fact are z foll[s3   
,deaf p are call$ 8lung10 a "* =m$ by ! 
comb9ation (  ! dragon & e> *>act]s     
signify+ a p]son ) e>s l a  dragon 7:i* 
we are in=m$ is deaf74    ,! asp>agus   
plant is kn[n z 8dragon's be>d grass40  
,! g5tian fl[] is call$ ! 8dragon's     
gall40    ,a common v>iety ( p9e is kn[n
 z 8dragon's tail p9e10 f !  suppos$    

simil>ity ( its bran*es to ! tail ( !   
dragon4    ,am>yllis lilies & also !    
blossoms ( a c]ta9 locu/ tree are  call$
 8dragon's claw fl[]s40 ,?is is no d\bt 
on acc\nt ( !  %ape ( ! fl[] clu/]s4    
,fire eng9es are call$ 8wat] dragons40  
,locomotives & wat] faucets are commonly
 designat$ z 8dragon  heads40    ,! keel
 ( a %ip goes by ! "n ( ! 8dragon bone40
    ,wat] sp\ts are kn[n z 8dangl+      
dragons40 ,! "n 0 probably  giv5 !m by  
junkm5 & fi%]m5 :o consid]$ ^! to be !  
tails ( dragons susp5d$ f ! cl\ds4      
,spirit$ horses are said to h 8dragon   
dispositions40    ,betro?al c]tificates 
are kn[n z 8dragon-phnix pap]s40        
,w$d+ cakes are call$ 8dragon-phnix     
cakes40    ,! publi%$ li/ ( ,ma/] (     
,arts graduates 0 kn[n z !              
8,dragon-,tig] ,regi/]40    ,a l>ge     
numb] ( cities1 prefectures1 riv]s1 &   
m\nta9s h !  "* 8dragon0 incorporat$    
into _! names4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/  riv]s (   
,man*uria & "o ( its ?ree prov9ces are  
nam$ ,hei ,lung  ,kiang 7,black ,dragon 

,riv]71 because x is relat$ t a l>ge    
black  dragon once made its appe>ance 9 
its wat]s4    ,"o ( ! mo/ fam\s m\nta9s 
( ! prov9ce ( ,kiangsi is kn[n z  !     
8,dragon-,tig] ,m\nta940    ,p]haps !   
mo/ popul> k9d ( tea 9 ,*9a is !        
8,dragon's ,well  ,tea40 ,?is receiv$   
its designation f ! fact t its orig9al  
home 0 9 a valley ( t "n4 ,among ! hills
 on ! f>!r  %ores ( ,hang*['s beautiful 
,we/ ,lake is ne/l$ a mona/]y1 on !     
e/ate ( :i* is a pool ( cry/al-cle>     
wat]4 ,f ! dep?s (  ?is 8well0 a dragon 
0 once se5 to rise4 ,! 8,dragon's ,well0
 is n[  ! "n ( ! mona/]y & also ( !     
surr\nd+ hills4 ,tea (  ?is "n1 ?\gh x  
may nev] h gr[n ne> ,hang*[1 is z highly
  priz$ 9 di/ant ,sze*wan & 9 o!r di/ant
 p>ts ( ,*9a z x is  9 ! capital (      
,*ekiang prov9ce4    ,9 ! excell5t new  
encyclop$ia rec5tly issu$ by !          
,comm]cial  ,press1 !re are no less ?an 
#beg ref]5ces to ! dragon4 ,fifty-"o  ( 
^! are ! names ( cities or villages1    
tw5ty-f\r ( m\nta9s  & riv]s1 & fifte5 !

 names ( flora ( v>i\s g5]a4    ,!      
emp]or's mo/ rev]5tial title 0 8,! ,true
 ,dragon10 & 9  h>mony ) t idea ! ^w    
8dragon0 9 ! adjectival s5se 0  us$ 9   
names ( all t _h to d ) 8 life &        
position4 ,z an  example ( ?is 8 ?rone 0
 ! 8dragon's seat10 8 h&s !  8dragon's  
claws10 ! p5 he us$ 0 ! 8dragon's bru%10
 !  imp]ial robes 7 call$ 8dragon's     
g>m5ts10 & ! imp]ial glance  0 kn[n z   
8dragon's eyes40    ,! 8,dragon ,tablet0
 0 ! "n giv5 to ! imp]ial tablet1 :i*  0
 wor%ip$ dur+ ! ,*+ dyna/y 9 e l>ge     
temple &  mona/]y 9 ! l&1 & ev5 9       
,mohamm$an mosques4 ,! inscription  on !
 tablet read z foll[s3 8,to ! reign+    
,emp]or4 ,may he live  t5 ?\s& ye>s1 t5 
?\s& ye>s1 t5 ?\s& times t5 ?\s&  ye>s40
 ,! tablet receiv$ its "n f ! fact t x  
repres5t$  ! ,emp]or1 8,! ,true         
,dragon10 & because x bore at its top a 
dragon's head4    ,"o insignia ( (ficial
 rank1 until ! rec5t ,revolution1 0 !   
picture-squ>e embroid]$ 9 gold & silv]  
?read & worn on !  front & back (       

(ficial robes4 ,! squ>es worn by civil  
(fic]s  bore ! pictures ( birds1 :ile ^?
 ( milit>y (ficials 7  decorat$ ) !     
pictures ( animals2 ea* rank & grade    
hav+ its  correspond+ v>iety ( bird or  
bea/4 ,! emp]or1 ! pr9ces1 &  ! prime   
m9i/] 7 all[$ ! special privilege ( we>+
 !  dragon on "o ( ^! embroid]$ squ>es4 
,! r\nd disk on ! ,*9ese ,dragon ,flag1 
:i* is (t5 pictur$  be=e ! m\? ( !      
dragon1 is expla9$ by "s z a pe>l1 by   
o!rs z a huge spid] metamorphos$ into a 
ball4 ,we are repeat$ly  told 9 fables t
 dragons h a peculi> fondness = teas+   
spid]s4 ,a m satisfactory !ory1 h[ev]1  
is t ! disk  repres5ts ! sun4 ,accord+  
to ?is explanation1 ! dragon is n  try+ 
to dev\r t heav5ly body1 z "s w\ld lead 
u to suppose1  b is gaz+ ) a great      
long+1 = x desires to become l !  sun 9 
brilliance4    ,9 ref]r+ to ! ,dragon   
,flag1 ! fact is wor?y ( notice t       
al?\gh ?is design appe>$ ^u ,*9ese      
milit>y bann]s ?r\gh  _m c5turies1 !    
selection ( ! dragon emblem z a national

  insignia 0 ( comp>atively rec5t date4 
,x is probable t !  cu/om ( =eign       
nations ( us+ national emblems _h a l>ge
 "p to  play ) ! adoption ( a national  
flag4    ,!re is a feel+ among _m fri5ds
 ( ,*9a1 & ev5 among a few  ,*9ese z    
well1 t ! effect ( ! ,revolution & !    
pass+ (  ! ,dragon ,flag w v %ortly kill
 out ! dragon idea4 ,?is !  writ]       
believes is impossible4 ,a belief t has 
gripp$ ! nation =  ov] =ty c5turies is n
 to be %ak5 ev5 by a great revolution1  
:i*1 ?\gh cataclysmic 9 itself1 yet 9   
relation to ! ages :i*  h pass$1 is     
little m ?an a ripple ^u ! surface ( !  
sea  ( "t4 ,! dragon is nei!r a symbol (
 ! ,man*u dyna/y nor a  type ( absolute 
mon>*y1 & has no?+ 9 common ) ei!r4 ,!  
idea is di/9ctly a h]itage ( ! ,*9ese   
race itself1 & z su*  x w probably live 
z long z ?is p4 ,x w survive at lea/    
until a g5]ation aft] ,we/]n sci5ce has 
p]meat$ & dom9at$  e seaside village1 e 
m\nta9 hamlet1 & e inl& city1 to  !     
remote/ b\nds & limits ( ?is va/        

,republic4