,transcrib] ,note ,text emphasis is d5ot$ by ,italics & ,small ,caps4 ,,! ,,honey-,,bee4 ,,! ,,honey-,,bee4 ,illu/ration ,:at well appo9t$ commonweal?s6 :]e ea* ,adds to ! /ock ( happ9ess = all2 ,wisdom's own =ums6 :]e pr(essors tea* ,eloqu5t lessons 9 _! vault$ hall6 ,gall]ies ( art6 & s*ools ( indu/ry6 ,/ores ( ri* fragrance6 ,or*e/ras ( song6 ,:at m>vell\s seats ( hidd5 al*ymy6 ,h[ (t :5 w&]+ f> & err+ long1 ,man might le>n tru? & virtue f ! ,,bee6 ,b[r+4 ,,! ,,honey-,,bee2 ,,its ,,natural ,,hi/ory1 ,,physiology ,,& ,,managem5t1 ,,by ,,edw>d ,,bevan1 ,m4,d4 ,a bee among/ ! fl[]s 9 spr+1 is "o ( ! *e]fulle/ objects t c be look$ ^u4 ,its life appe>s to be all enjoym5t3 s busy & s pleas$4 ,paley4 ,,london3 ,,baldw91 ,,cradock ,,& ,,joy4 #ahbg4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,ri*>d ,,taylor1 ,,%oe-,,lane1 ,,london4 ,,to ,,! ,,rev4 ,,ri*>d ,,walond1 ,,rector ,,( ,,we/on ,,"u ,,p5y>d ,,& ,,treasur] ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,*ur* ,,( ,,h]e=d4 ,de> ,sir1 ,to :om c ,i ) s mu* propriety d$icate ! foll[+ %eets z to y1 :o1 9 ! elegant retirem5t ( private life1 h occupi$ s _m ( y\r leisure h\rs 9 /udy+ ! conomy & managem5t ( ,bees1 & to :om1 by ! aid & enc\ragem5t y h af=d$ me1 is ma9ly to be attribut$ ! comm5cem5t1 progress1 & completion ( ! "w8 ,i "k ( no "o2 & h !re=e to reque/ t y w all[ me to (f] y ?is public te/imony ( my gratitude & respect2 & believe me to be ,y\r fai?ful & oblig$ fri5d1 ,,edw>d ,,bevan4 ,woodl& ,cottage1 ,april #e?1 #ahbg4 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ---- ,! "w :i* is n[ submitt$ to ! judgem5t ( ! public1 9 addition to o!r faults ) :i* x w no d\bt be ju/ly *>geable1 may be ?\ght by _m to be defective 9 arrangem5t2 & if ! au?or _h aim$ to produce a purely sci5tific "w1 he w\ld consid] su* *>ge z be+ well f\nd$3 b 9 mak+ a humble attempt to af=d a popul> view ( ! pres5t /ate ( api>ian k1 hi/orical1 physiological & practical1 he conceiv$ t he %\ld mo/ effectually atta9 8 object by m+l+ ! diff]5t dep>tm5ts toge!r1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! two =m] w\ld s]ve to illu/rate or expla9 ! rationale ( ! latt]4 ,moreov]1 8 fir/ int5tion 0 n to (f] mu* m to ! public ?an is conta9$ 9 ,"p ,i4 ( ! "w2 b ! mat]ials grew ^u 8 h&s1 & consequ5tly aft] t "p 0 modell$1 he 0 induc$ by ! v great int]e/ :i* 0 excit$ 9 8 m9d by ! prosecution ( 8 inquiries1 to exce$ ! limits :i* b\nd$ 8 orig9al plan3--! result w be f\nd 9 ,"p ,,ii4 ,! subject w\ld h admitt$ ( /ill fur!r ext5sion2 b to h increas$ ! volume beyond its pres5t size w\ld h be5 to defeat "o ( ! objects ( ! au?or1 :i* 0 s to compress 8 matt] z to place 8 book )9 ! rea* ( z _m z possible ( ^? to :om he flatt]s himself x may prove practically useful4 ,%\ld ! public1 h[ev]1 require a second edition1 & suffic+ reasons urge him to place ?is s]ies ( bee-k "u di/9ct heads1 he w endeav\r to re-model x1 z well z o!rwise to improve x1 by su* alt]ations z +5u\s criticism may sugge/4 ,,introduction4 ---- ,al?\gh ! great addition :i* has ( late be5 made to our k ( ! honey-bee1 may seem to r5d] a ref]5ce to anci5t writ]s comp>atively unimportant2 yet a few prefatory obs]vations1 ^u ! rise & progress ( api>ian sci5ce1 may n be out ( season4 ,! natural hi/ory & managem5t ( bees w\ld probably occupy ! att5tion ( man at an e>ly p]iod4 ,surr\nd$ by a b\ndless v>iety ( liv+ creatures1 he w\ld naturally be l$ to notice _! habits & conomy2 & no "p ( ! animal _w1 or at any rate no "p ( ! _w ( insects1 w\ld be m likely to engage 8 consid]ation ?an ! honey-bee4 ,honey w\ld1 9 all probability1 con/itute "o ( 8 e>lie/ luxuries2 & z he advanc$ 9 civilization1 he w\ld1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 avail himself ( ! indu/ry ( its collectors1 by br++ !m z mu* z possible )9 8 rea*2 & by ?is means he w\ld take an important /ep t[>ds an acqua9tance ) entomology4 ,b ! progress made by our e>lie/ prog5itors1 9 ?is or any o!r sci5ce1 is involv$ 9 ! obscurity & unc]ta9ty necess>ily app]ta9+ to ! infancy ( society4 ,! fir/ indications ( att5tion to natural hi/ory are conta9$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! int]e/ :i* x excit$ 9 ! m9d ( ,solomon1 ev9ces h[ highly x 0 e/eem$ 9 8 "t4 ,! records ( its fir/ progression are h[ev] entirely lo/1 & no regul> hi/ory ( ?is sci5ce exi/s prior to ! days ( ,ari/otle1 :o "u ! auspices & ?r\gh ! munific5ce ( 8 pupil ,alex&] ! ,great1 0 enabl$ to prosecute ) ! greate/ advantage1 = ! "t 9 :i* he liv$1 8 exp]im5ts & inquiries into e dep>tm5t ( natural hi/ory4 ,alex&] felt s /rong a desire to promote ?is object1 t he plac$ at ! disposal ( ,ari/otle a v l>ge sum ( money1 & 9 8 ,asiatic exp$ition employ$ above a ?\s& p]sons 9 collect+ & transmitt+ to him specim5s f e "p ( ! animal k+dom4 ,ari/otle is !re=e to be reg>d$ z hav+ laid ! fir/ f\ndation ( our k ( t k+dom4 ,he mu/ likewise h d]iv$ great advantages f ! discov]ies & obs]vations ( prec$+ writ]s1 to ^: works he w\ld probably h easy access4 ,no individual naturali/ c\ld1 )\t su* assi/ance1 h produc$ s valuable & ext5sive a "w on natural sci5ce z t :i* ,ari/otle has bequea!d to po/]ity4 ,& ?\gh ! op9ions ( himself & 8 contempor>ies h be5 transmitt$ to u 9 an imp]fect mann]1 & ab\nd 9 errors1 /ill he & 8 editor ,!ophra/us may be reg>d$ z ! only philosophical naturali/s ( antiquity1 ^: lab\rs & discov]ies pres5t u ) any portion ( satisfactory k4 ,! obs]vations ( ,ari/otle on ! subject ( ! honey-bee 7 aft]w>ds embelli%$ & inve/$ ) a species ( div9ity1 by ! mat*less p5 ( ,virgil1 9 8 f\r? ,georgic2 & x excites feel+s ( regret1 t poetry :i* = its beauty & elegance is s univ]sally admir$1 %\ld be ! vehicle ( op9ions t are f\nd$ 9 error4 ,ari/oma*us ( ,soli 9 ,cilicia _h 8 contemplations = ne>ly sixty ye>s almo/ solely occupi$ by bees2 & ,philiscus ! ,?racian sp5t a great portion ( 8 "t 9 ! woods1 t he might inve/igate _! mann]s & habits )\t int]ruption2 :5ce he acquir$ ! "n ( ,agrius4 ,h[ev] small _! contribution ( k may appe> to ?is enlight5$ age1 ^! anci5t wor?ies mu/ h aid$ ! e>ly progress ( _! fav\rite sci5ce1 & are at all ev5ts evid5ces ( ! zeal ) :i* x 0 prosecut$ 9 _! day4 ,ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian ra1 ,columella1 :o 0 a v accurate obs]v] & exhibit$ consid]able g5ius z a naturali/1 made "s curi\s & useful rem>ks ^u bees 9 8 ,treatise ,de ,re ,ru/ic3 b ,columella1 l ,virgil1 appe>s to h acquiesc$ 9 & copi$ ! errors ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,aft] him ! eld] ,pl9y gave a sanction to ! op9ions :i* he f\nd preval5t1 & add$ to !m o!rs ( 8 own4 ,b ,pl9y1 ?\gh a labori\s compil]1 occupi$ himself ) too great a v>iety ( pursuits to atta9 excell5ce 9 any4 ,z a naturali/1 h[ev]1 he is happy 9 "s ( 8 descriptions4 ,to him we are indebt$ = ! transmission to u ( all t 0 actually kn[n1 or suppos$ to be kn[n1 ( natural hi/ory 9 8 day4 ,i say--suppos$ to be kn[n1 = _m ( ! op9ions & conjectures :i* he has put =?1 h be5 %[n by mod]n inve/igators to be ill-f\nd$4 ,! notions ( ! anci5ts respect+ natural philosophy re/$ on no rational f\ndation2 ideas ( *>ms & ( planet>y influ5ce direct$ _! mo/ important pursuits1 & l$ to ! =mation ( v absurd !ories4 ,:5 ! writ] la/ nam$ recomm5ds t ! du/ 9 :i* a mule has roll$ %\ld be spr9kl$ on p]sons :o are viol5tly 9 love1 z a sov]eign rem$y = amatory ard\r1 & gravely tells u t snakes are sometimes produc$ f ! human m$ulla1--) mu* nons5sical /uff ( ! l k9d2 we may safely pron\nce t he or 8 contempor>ies or bo? 7 v cr$ul\s1 & t ! sci5ce ( exp]im5tal philosophy 0 sc>cely cultivat$ among !m4 ,aft] ! compilation ( ,pl9y's va/ ,comp5dium1 ne>ly f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s roll$ away )\t any?+ be+ done = entomology or = natural hi/ory 9 g5]al4 ,! ,arabians1 :o alone pres]v$ a glimm] ( sci5ce dur+ ^? d>k ages t succe$$ ! fall ( ! ,roman empire1 cultivat$ natural hi/ory only z a bran* ( m$ic9e1 & f _! writ+s little c be glean$ 9 fur!rance ( our pres5t object4 ,on ! revival ( le>n+ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 & aft] ! discov]y ( ! art ( pr9t+1 v>i\s editions 7 publi%$ ( ! works on natural hi/ory1 writt5 by ! ,)]s ( t sci5ce4 ,sir ,edw>d ,wotton1 ,conrade ,gesn]1 & o!rs1 produc$ conjo9tly a "w on insects1 ! manuscripts ( :i* came into ! possession ( ,dr4 ,?omas ,p5ry1 an em95t physician & botani/ 9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,aft] devot+ fifte5 ye>s to ! improvem5t ( ! "w1 ! ,doctor di$1 & ! unf9i%$ manuscripts 7 pur*as$ at a consid]able price by ,m\ffet1 a contempor>y ,engli% physician ( s+ul> le>n+1 :o ) great lab\r & at great exp5se arrang$1 enl>g$1 & complet$ ! "w4 ,:5 ne>ly ready = ! press1 he also di$2 & ! pap]s1 aft] ly+ buri$ 9 du/ & obscurity = sev]al ye>s1 at la/ fell into ! h&s ( ,sir ,!odore ,may]ne 7,b>on d',aubone71 a c\rt physician 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ! ,fir/1 :o gave !m to ! _w 9 #afcd4 ,! arrangem5t ( ?is "w is defective2 b = ! p]iod 9 :i* x 0 writt51 x is a v complete & respectable ,treatise on ,entomology4 ,x 0 highly recomm5d$ by ,hall]2 & z a /oreh\se ( anci5t entomological lore x has n yet lo/ its utility4 ,its pages are embelli%$ ) ne>ly #ejj wood-cuts4 ,an ,engli% translation ( x 0 publi%$ 9 #afeh4 ,accord+ to ,fabius ,columma1 ,pr9ce ,fr$]ic ,cesi1 presid5t ( ! ,roman ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 wrote a treatise ^u bees2 b ! "w has n be5 pres]v$1 & we are unacqua9t$ ) its m]its4 ,^! au?ors 7 succe$$ by ,go$>t1 ,swamm]dam1 ,m>aldi1 ,ray1 ,willughby & ,li/]1 :o by _! indefatigable ex]tions1 t[>ds ! close ( ! #ag? c5tury ?rew v consid]able light ^u e bran* ( natural k4 ,go$>t sp5t =ty ye>s ( 8 life 9 att5d+ to ! proce$+s ( insects1 daily conv]s+ ) insects1 z he expresses x1 & publi%$ 9 #affb a "w on _! natural hi/ory2 b ! plates ) :i* x is embelli%$ =m ! be/ "p ( x4 ,swamm]dam publi%$ 8 celebrat$ "w1 ,a ,g5]al ,hi/ory ( ,insects1 9 #dto1 9 #affi3 a m enl>g$ edition 9 two volumes folio1 conta9+ ! hi/ory ( bees1 0 aft]w>ds publi%$ 9 #agcg1 "u ! auspices ( ,bo]haave1 f ! manuscript ( ,swamm]dam4 ,^? read]s :o h pati5ce to wade ?r\gh ^! t$i\s volumes1 w f9d x rew>d$ by ! atta9m5t ( mu* curi\s in=mation4 ,m>aldi publi%$ 9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces = #agab1 8 acc\nt ( ! mann]s1 g5ius1 & lab\rs ( ! bee4 ,he is said to h be5 ! inv5tor ( glass hives1 & to t inv5tion may be attribut$ ! success ( 8 inquiries4 ,swamm]dam f\nd$ 8 sy/em ^u :at has be5 call$ ! metamorphotic basis2 & ,ray1 9 conjunction ) 8 fri5d ,willughby1 :om he calls ! pr(\nde/ ( naturali/s & ! mo/ amiable & virtu\s ( m51 erect$ 8 sup]/ructure on ! same basis4 ,9 ! ,hi/oria ,insectorum ( ,ray1 evid5tly ! jo9t production ( himself & ,willughby1 especial att5tion is paid to ! ,hym5opt]a3 x conta9s v>i\s int]e/+ obs]vations on _! mann]s & *>act]s2 & ! descriptions1 9 :i* he 0 assi/$ by ! use ( v p[]ful microscopes1 are concise & well drawn4 ,dr4 ,m>t9 ,li/]1 9 an app5dix to ,ray's "w1 & 9 v>i\s o!r writ+s also1 contribut$ mat]ially to elucidate ! sci5ce ( entomology4 ,madame ,m]ian likewise des]ves well1 = h] indu/ri\s pursuit ( ?is subject1 p>ticul>ly = h] beautiful illu/ration ( ! metamorphoses ( insects 9 ,sur9am4 ,! ,fr5* natural hi/orian ,reaumur /&s prom95t among ! /ud5ts ( entomology1 = ! unsurpass$ en?usiasm & accuracy ) :i* he has inve/igat$ "s ( its mo/ intricate p>ts4 ,to him ! g5us ,apis is "u great] obligations p]haps ?an to any entomologi/ ei!r ( anci5t or mod]n times4 ,see 8 immortal "w1 ,memoires p\r s]vir l',hi/oire des ,insectes1 9 #f vols4 #dto4 #agcb-agdd4 ,ab\t ?is p]iod also fl\ri%$ ! great1 ! illu/ri\s ,l9nu1 ^: lab\rs diffus$ light ov] e dep>tm5t ( natural sci5ce1 & h ju/ly caus$ him to be reg>d$ z "o ( its brighte/ ornam5ts4 ,he has g5]ally be5 consid]$ z ! f\nd] ( ! artificial sy/em ( arrangem5t2 b a v ne> approa* to x 0 made by t brilliant con/ellation ( naturali/s :om ,i h enum]at$ z hav+ fl\ri%$ at ! close ( ! #ag? c5tury1 & :o may probably be reg>d$ z hav+ pav$ ! way1 & prep>$ mat]ials1 = ! =mation ( 8 m p]fect sy/em4 ,aft]w>ds appe>$ ! works ( ! celebrat$ ,bonnet ( ,g5eva1 ! admir+ correspond5t ( ,reaumur1 & ! patron & fri5d ( ,hub]4 ,?is great physiologi/ became addict$ to ! /udy ( entomology be=e he 0 sev5te5 ye>s ( age1 f read+ ,spectacle de la ,nature2 & 8 decisive exp]im5ts ^u ,aphides d him ! highe/ cr$it4 ,8 works are univ]sally admir$ = _! c&\r & +5uity1 z well z = _! manife/ t5d5cy to promote ! happ9ess ( man1 by excit+ 9 him ! love ( k & virtue4 ,we n[ come to ! physiological discov]ies ( ,s*ira*1 ,hunt] & ,hub]1 m5 :o h wond]fully advanc$ ! sci5ce ( entomology1 by a s]ies ( exp]im5ts mo/ ably conduct$1 by ! mo/ pati5t inve/igation1 & ! mo/ accurate & enlight5$ obs]vation1 & plac$ x ^u ! solid f\ndation ( rational induction4 ,sev]al o!r writ]s also1 bo? 9 sy/ematic works & 9 p]iodical publications1 h contribut$ to ?r[ mu* light ^u ! conomy & habits ( ! bee4 ,( ! latt] description 9 our own c\ntry may be enum]at$ ,ar?ur ,dobbs1 ,esq42 ,?omas ,&rew ,knight1 ,esq42 ,sir ,c4 ,s4 ,mack5zie1 & ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,dunb>4 ,hi!rto ,i h ref]r$ to ! writ]s on natural hi/ory 9 g5]al1 or to ! natural hi/orians ( bees 9 p>ticul>3 _m writ]s1 h[ev]1 h paid great att5tion to ! dome/ic managem5t ( ^! insects4 ,_! culture is inde$ an object highly des]v+ ! att5tion ( ! agriculturi/ z well z ( ! natural philosoph]4 ,9 ! h&s ( a judici\s & mod]ately att5tive api>ian1 !y may become a pr(itable bran* ( rural conomy3 ev5 ! mo/ humble cottag] may be made to p>ticipate 9 ! b5efit ( an improv$ mode ( manag+ !m3 & z !re is s mu* to admire 9 _! g5]al conomy & peculi> habits1 ! man ( leisure may secure to himself a s\rce ( pleas+ & rational amusem5t 9 ! possession ( an ,api>y2 = ! pursuit ( api>ian sci5ce1 9 common ) ! /udy ( o!r bran*es ( natural hi/ory1 leads to a salut>y ex]cise ( ! m5tal faculties1 induces a habit ( obs]vation & reflection1 & may sometimes prove a valuable res\rce = keep+ (f t tdium vit1 b too frequ5tly att5dant ^u a rel9qui%m5t ( active life4 ,no pleasure is m easily atta9able1 nor less alloy$ by any debas+ mixture2 x t5ds to enl>ge & h>monize ! m9d1 & to elevate x to wor?y conceptions ( ,nature & its ,au?or3 ,! m5 ,:om ,nature's works c *>m1 ) ,god himself ,hold conv]se2 gr[ famili>1 day by day4 ,) 8 conceptions2 act ^u 8 plan4 ,& =m to 8 ! reli% ( _! s\ls4 ,ak5side4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,treatise x has be5 my endeav\r to comb9e1 z mu* z possible1 ! pr(itable ) ! in/ructive & amus+2 9 seek+ :i* object1 ,i h endeav\r$ to cle> ! gr\nd be=e me1 ( ! wild-fl[]s ( conjecture & hypo!sis1 ) :i* ! fecundity ( ! human imag9ation has /rew$ x1 & to sub/itute 9 _! place ! less %[y b m useful products ( exp]im5t & rational d$uction1 ! gr[? ( :i* x %\ld be ! object ( e lab\r] 9 ! field ( sci5ce to promote4 ,always be>+ 9 m9d t false !ories (t5 lead to errone\s practices1 ,i h c>efully ab/a9$ f an indulg5ce 9 !ory ( a m]ely speculative k9d1 & conf9$ myself simply to (f]+ su* op9ions to ! att5tion ( my read]s1 z h be5 confirm$ by repeat$ exp]im5t & obs]vation1 & to ! recomm5dation ( su* practices z h be5 f\nd useful by myself1 or by o!rs on ^: reports ,i c place ! fulle/ reliance4 ,among ! writ]s :o h improv$ ! dome/ic managem5t ( bees1 may be enum]at$ ,w>d]1 ,:ite1 ,?orley1 ,wildman1 ,keys1 ,bonn] & ,hui%1 all ( :om h devot$ _m ye>s ( _! lives to ?is important object4 ,p]sev]+1 h[ev]1 z h be5 ! ef=ts ( ! be=e-nam$ writ]s to obta9 an accurate k ( ! physiology ( bees1 & to discov] ! be/ plan = _! managem5t1 !re is /ill mu* to be le>n$ 9 bo? ^! dep>tm5ts1 be=e ! =m] c be ?or\ghly und]/ood1 or ! latt] satisfactorily regulat$4 ,i d n presume to imag9e t ,i c ?r[ mu* light ^u ei!r ( ^! topics2 b1 judg+ f ! difficulties :i* ,i h myself enc\nt]$ 9 collect+ ! scatt]$ mat]ials ( api>ian sci5ce1 ,i ?9k t ,i %all conf] a b5efit ^u future inquir]s1 if ,i enable !m to possess )9 a mod]ate compass su* in=mation z c be reli$ on4 ,/rongly impress$ by ! importance ( ! subject1 ,i h = sev]al ye>s devot$ mu* ( my "t to its consid]ation2 & indep5d5tly ( ! pleasure ,i h exp]i5c$ 9 ! prosecution ( x1 z a mo/ int]e/+ bran* ( natural hi/ory1 ,i h consid]$ t by contribut+ to ext5d & improve ! culture ( ! bee1 ,i %\ld assi/ 9 conv]t+ to useful purposes "s portions ( ^? products ( ! e>? :i* might o!rwise be dissipat$ 9 ! air1 wa%$ away by ! ra91 or *emically *ang$ by ! action ( v>i\s surr\nd+ sub/ances1 & 9 ei!r case be r5d]$ comp>atively useless4 ,_m ( ! tracts on bees are pr(ess$ly writt5 = ! p]usal ( ! cottag]4 ,to him ,i d n s p>ticul>ly address myself1 z to ! m intellig5t memb]s ( ! community2 & s f> z ,i am able to succe$ 9 mak+ an impression ^u !m1 ,i %all consid] myself z virtually b5efit+ ! cottag]4 ,! latt] is g5]ally too mu* ( a ma*9e to be ! fir/ to adopt any improvem5t1 h[ev] important2 he is m likely !re=e to obta9 bee-k f ! example or viv voce in/ruction ( 8 enlight5$ neighb\rs1 ?an ?r\gh ! direct m$ium ( ! press4 ,h[ f> ,i may h succe$$ 9 ! object ,i propose to myself1 ,i mu/ leave to ! decision ( my read]s4 ,x seems to be g5]ally admitt$1 t a ,treatise exhibit+ a concise view ( ! pres5t /ate ( our k ( ! bee is mu* want$2 & ?is result ( an attempt to supply t desid]atum ,i n[ (f] to ! public1 ) a hope t x may n be unwor?y ( its notice4 ,,corrig5da4 ,page4 ,l9e4 #aic1 #ag1 = lives read hives4 #bbh1 #b1 aft] high] flav\r add & 9 its nev] c&y+1 nor ev5 los+ its fluidity by long keep+4 ,transcrib] ,note3 ,above *anges 7 made to text4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ---- ,,"p ,i4 ,*ap4 ,page4 ,i4 ,! ,hi/ory & ,physiology ( ! ,bee #a ,,ii4 ,! ,api>y #dg ,,iii4 ,! ,bee-h\se #eb ,,iv4 ,pa/urage #ee ,v4 ,honey-dew #ga ,,vi4 ,! ,pur*ase ( ,bees #hj ,,vii4 ,bee-boxes #hc ,,viii4 ,bee-hives #ie ,,ix4 ,comp>ative ,advantages ( ,wood5 ,boxes & ,/raw ,hives #ajj ,x4 ,leaf ,hives #ajb ,,xi4 ,divid]s #ajg ,,xii4 ,/orify+ #aji ,,xiii4 ,sw>m+ #aae ,,xiv4 ,comp>ative ,advantages ( ,/orify+ & ,s+le-hiv+ #abb ,,xv4 ,symptoms :i* prec$e ,sw>m+ #abg ,,xvi4 ,hiv+ ( ,sw>ms #acf ,,xvii4 ,on remov+ ,bees f common ,/raw ,hives to ,/orify+ ,hives or ,boxes #adh ,,xviii4 ,sup]- & ,nadir-hiv+ by means ( ,b9d]s #aea ,,xix4 ,unit+ ,sw>ms or ,/ocks #aed ,,xx4 ,prop] ,p]iods ( ,deprivation #afb ,,xxi4 ,tak+ ,money by means ( ,divid]s #afg ,,xxii4 ,! ,bee-dress #agf ,,xxiii4 ,fe$+ #agi ,,xxiv4 ,diseases ( ,bees #ahd ,,xxv4 ,enemies ( ,bees #aii ,,xxvi4 ,exotic ,bees #baj ,,xxvii4 ,sep>ation ( ,wax & ,honey #baf ,,xxviii4 ,wax #bbj ,,xxix4 ,honey #bbf ,,xxx4 ,mead #bcf ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,xxxi4 ,! ,anatomy ( ,bees #bdi ,,xxxii4 ,s5ses ( ,bees #cjb ,,xxxiii4 ,in/9cts ( ,bees #cah ,,xxxiv4 ,on ! ,ar*itecture ( ,bees #cci ,,xxxv4 ,an ,inquiry into ! ,s\rce & ,nature ( ,bees-wax #cef ,,xxxvi4 ,poll5 #cgj ,,xxxvii4 ,propolis #cge ,,xxxviii4 ,importance ( ,bees to ! ,fructification ( ,fl[]s #chj ,a ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,physiology ,,( ,,! ,,bee4 ------------ ,,"p ,i4 ---- ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,physiology4 ,! ,bee is consid]$ by ,naturali/s z belong+2 to :at are call$ p]fect societies ( insects1 &1 9 entomological arrangem5ts1 is plac$ 9 ! ord] ,hym5opt]a1 g5us ,apis4 ,( ?is g5us !re are _m species2 ,l9nu has enum]at$ #ee2 9 ! ,dictionnaire des ,sci5ces ,naturelles #gj species are *>act]iz$2 & ,mr4 ,kirby1 9 8 ,monographia ,apum ,angli1 has describ$ above #bbj1 natives ( ,engl&4 ,! species to :i* ,i %all pr9cipally call ! att5tion ( my read]s is ! dome/ic honey-bee4 ,e association ( bees comprises ?ree descriptions ( individuals2 & ea* description is di/+ui%$ by an appe>ance & ca/ ( "* peculi> to itself4 ,fir/ ( ! ?rong & =emo/ ( ! :ole1 ,"o '/&s confe/ ! sov]eign & ! s\l4' ,?is c\plet may1 to a limit$ ext5t1 be appli$ to o!r k9ds ( bees2 b x is m peculi>ly applicable to hive-bees1 z among/ !m !re has nev] be5 f\nd1 9 any s+le family1 m ?an "o ackn[l$g$ regnant *ief1 usually designat$ by ! "n ( ,que52 ( :om1 z hav+ ! highe/ claim to our att5tion1 ,i %all fir/ proce$ to speak4 ,! que51 :o is at once ! "m & ! mi/ress ( ! hive1 diff]s1 z ,mr4 ,hunt] has obs]v$1 f ! royal *iefs ( o!r insects1 su* z hornets1 wasps & humble-bees2 = ! *iefs ( ^! latt] societies seem to "w !mselves into royalty1 :]eas ! que5 ( ! hive-bees reigns f h] v bir?4 ,%e is di/+ui%able f ! re/ ( ! society by h] maje/ic movem5ts1 by ! great l5g? ( h] body1 ! proportional %ortness ( h] w+s1 & h] b5t /+4 ,h] body tap]s gradually to a po9t1 h] fangs are %ort]1 h] head is r\nd]1 & h] trunk n half s long z t ( ! work+ bee4 ,h] w+s ext5d only half ! l5g? ( h] body1 b are /rong & s9ewy4 ,h] col\rs also di/+ui% h] z mu* z h] %ape2 !y are mu* m di/9ct2 ! back is ( a mu* bright] black2 ! conc5tric r+s on ! "u side ( h] body are d>k]1 & ! light] int]/itial "p ( ! same region appe>s ( a bright] & m lively hue4 ,! legs also are ( a deep gold5 yell[ col\r4 ,next 9 ord] come ! work+ bees3 ^! are1 by "s1 call$ neut]s or mules2 by o!rs1 female non-bre$]s4 ,f :at w be said h]eaft]1 ,i ?9k t my read]s w consid] ! latt] z ! m appropriate title1 ! work]s be+ /]ile females ) undevelop$ ov>ies4 ,9 a s+le hive ! numb] ( ^! v>ies f #ab1jjj to #bj1jjj3 !y are ! smalle/ memb]s ( ! community1 are furni%$ ) a long flexible proboscis1 h a peculi> /ructure ( ! legs & ?ighs1 on ! latt] ( :i* are small holl[s or baskets1 adapt$ to ! reception ( ! propolis & f>9a :i* !y collect1 & !y are arm$ ) a /raight /+4 ,^u !m devolves ! :ole lab\r ( ! colony2 !y re> ! "y1 gu>d ! entrances1 elaborate ! wax1 collect & /ore ! provision1 & build ! cells 9 :i* x is w>eh\s$1 z well z ^? t conta9 ! brood4 ,?irdly1 !re are ! drones or males1 to ! numb] ( p]haps #aejj or #bjjj4 ,^! make _! appe>ance ab\t ! end ( ,april1 & are nev] to be se5 aft] ! middle ( ,augu/1 except+ "u v peculi> circum/ances :i* w be /at$ h]eaft]4 ,!y are "o-?ird l>g] ?an ! work]s1 some:at ?ick] & ( a d>k] col\r2 !y h a %ort] proboscis & are m blunt at ! tail ?an ei!r ! que5 or ! work]s2 ! la/ r+ ( ! body is fr+$ ) hairs1 ext5d+ ov] ! tail & visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,!y make a great] noise 9 fly+ & h no /+2 are r %ort] ?an ! que5 b mu* l>g]4 ,und]nea? ! tail two small protub]ances ( a yell[i% col\r may be se51 :i* are reg>d$ z ! di/9ctive m>ks ( _! sex4 ,9 "s sw>ms no drones are obs]vable3 probably ^! are fir/ sw>ms1 :i*1 be+ always l$ (f by old que5s1 h no occasion = drones1 if !re be any tru? 9 ! !ory to be h]eaft] /at$4 ,illu/ration3 ,que54 ,drone4 ,work]4 ,contr>y to :at occurs 9 ! human species & 9 o!r p>ts ( ! animal creation1 among bees1 ! females alone exhibit activity1 skill1 dilig5ce & c\rage1 :il/ ! males take no "p :atev] 9 ! lab\rs ( ! community1 b are idle1 c[>dly & inactive1 & possess n ! usual (f5sive weapon ( _! species4 ,! only way 9 :i* ! drones promote ! welf>e ( ! society is a sexual "o2 & ,i %all endeav\r to %[1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is *apt]1 t !y s]ve no o!r purpose ?an t ( impregnat+ su* ( ! "y que5s z may lead =? sw>ms 9 ! season1 or be rais$ to ! sov]eignty ( ! p>5t hive4 ,z ! drones are nev] se5 settl+ on any k9d ( fl[]s1 nor lay+ up honey 9 ! cells1 !y mo/ probably fe$ at home1 & fully answ] ! description giv5 ( !m by ! poet3 ,immunisque s$5s ali5a ad pabula fucus4 ,virgil4 ,_! %ort proboscis sips ,no lusci\s nect> f ! wild ?yme's lips1 ,f ! lime's leaf no amb] drops !y /eal1 ,nor be> _! grooveless ?ighs ! foodful meal3 ,on o!rs toils1 9 pamp]'d leisure ?rive ,! lazy fa!rs ( ?' indu/ri\s hive4 ,yet (t1 we're told1 ^! seem+ idl]s %>e ,! pleas+ duties ( p>5tal c>e4 ,) fond att5tion gu>d ea* g5ial cell1 ,& wat* ! embryo bur/+ f its %ell4 ,evans4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,! elegant writ] f ^: unf9i%$ poem1 ,! ,bees1 ,i h made ! above quotations1 0 = _m ye>s an em95t physician 9 ,%rewsbury1 b has n[ retir$ into ,wales1 :]e ,i hope he w f9d suffici5t leisure & enc\ragem5t to resume ! truly classical !me :i* he has s ne>ly complet$4 ,( ! ?ree p>ts :i* h be5 already publi%$1 ,i %all frequ5tly avail myself 9 ! c\rse ( ?is treatise1 z well z ( ! highly int]e/+ notes :i* are app5d$ to !m4 ,mr4 ,morris ( ,islewor?1 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,society = ! enc\ragem5t ( ,arts1 c4 = #agia1 gives x z 8 op9ion t ! drones sit ^u ! eggs1 z ! "m lays !m2 & says t he has (t5 se5 !m sit 9 a =mal mann] on ! combs1 :5 ! brood is hat*+1 :ile ! o!r bees 7 v busy at "w4 ,i suspect t ,mr4 ,morris mi/ook sleep+ = brood+1 & t ! drones 7 only tak+ a nap4 ,fabricius says t insects nev] sit on _! eggs4 ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 h[ev]1 h obs]v$ t ! female e>-wig does3 !y also make "o o!r exception 9 fav\r ( ! field bug 7,cimex griseus71 b add t ^! are ! only ones4 ,de ,ge] has giv5 a v int]e/+ acc\nt ( bo? ^! insects1 p>ticul>ly ( ! /r5g? ( p>5tal affection exhibit$ by ! females4 ,! female ( ! =m] assidu\sly sits ^u h] eggs1 z if to hat* !m1 & aft] !y are hat*$1 broods ov] ! "y z a h5 ov] "y *ick5s4 ,& :5 ! eggs ( ! latt] are hat*$1 %e also1 aft] ! mann] ( a h51 goes ab\t ) ! brood1 consi/+ ( ?irty or =ty 9 numb] & nev] leaves !m3 !y clu/] r\nd h] :5 %e is /ill1 & foll[ h] closely :]ev] %e moves4 ,besides ! ?ree ess5tial memb]s ( ! bee community1 :i* ,i h j describ$1 ,hub] has call$ ! att5tion ( ! ,api>ian to a f\r? k9d1 :i* appe> to be only casual inmates ( ! hive1 f :i* h[ev] !y are soon expell$ by ! work]s4 ,he has call$ !m black bees1 & says he fir/ notic$ !m 9 two ( 8 hives1 9 ! ye> #ahji1 & on sev]al o!r occasions f t "t to ! ye> #ahac4 ,!y pres5t a p]fect resemblance to ! work+ bees1 except+ 9 _! col\r1 :i*1 9 consequ5ce ( _! be+ less d[ny1 appe>s d>k]4 ,on dissection1 _! int]nal /ructure also appe>s to be ! same4 ,hub] reg>ds !m z imp]fect bees1 b leaves to future naturali/s an inquiry into _! nature & orig94 ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce h ?r[n out a conjecture t ^! black bees may be sup]annuat$ bees1 t be+ no long] capable ( contribut+ t[>ds ! lab\rs ( ! community1 are bani%$ or de/roy$ by its y\ng] memb]s4 ,!y f\nd _! conjecture ^u ! usual effect ( sup]annuation 9 rubb+ (f ! hair ( insects & !reby giv+ !m a d>k] hue4 ,x is ! (fice ( ! que5-bee to lay eggs1 :i* %e deposits 9 cells con/ruct$ = _! reception by ! work+ bees4 ,^! cells v>y f "o ano!r 9 size1 7& 9 ! in/ance ( ! royal cells1 !y also v>y 9 =m71 accord+ z !y are int5d$ to be ! depositories ( eggs t are to become drones1 or ( ^? t are to become work]s4 ,b = a m p>ticul> acc\nt ( ^! cells1 ,vide ,"p ,,ii4 ,ar*itecture ( ,bees4 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,dunb>1 m9i/] ( ,appleg>?1 :o has rec5tly add$ "s important p>ticul>s to our g5]al /ock ( k respect+ bees1 /ates t :5 ! que5 is ab\t to lay1 %e puts h] head into a cell1 & rema9s 9 t position = a second or two1 probably to asc]ta9 its fitness = ! deposit :i* %e is ab\t to make4 ,%e !n )draws h] head1 & curv+ h] body d[nw>ds1 ins]ts h] tail into ! cell3 9 a few seconds %e turns half r\nd ^u h]self & )draws1 leav+ an egg beh9d h]4 ,:5 %e lays a consid]able numb]1 %e does x equally on ea* side ( ! comb1 ^? on ! "o side be+ z exactly opposite to ^? on ! o!r1 z ! relative position ( ! cells w admit4 ,! effect ( ?is is to produce a conc5tration & conomy ( heat = develop+ ! v>i\s *anges ( ! brood4 ,! foll[+ sket* is tak5 f a plate giv5 by ,mr4 ,dunb> 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,philosophical ,magaz9e1 to repres5t ! comb ^u :i* 8 obs]vations 7 made1 & to %[ t "p ( x :i* 0 occupi$ by brood1 ! surr\nd+ "p ( ! squ>e be+ full ( seal$ honey4 ,illu/ration ,! eggs ( bees are ( a l5g!n$ oval %ape1 ) a slight curvature1 & ( a bluei% :ite col\r3 !y are compos$ ( a ?9 membrane1 fill$ ) a :iti% liquor1 & be+ besme>$1 at ! "t ( lay+1 ) a glut9\s sub/ance1 !y adh]e to ! bases ( ! cells1 :]e !y /& upright1 & rema9 un*ang$ 9 figure or situation = f\r days2 !y are !n hat*$1 ! bottom ( ea* cell pres5t+ to view a small :ite worm or maggot1 ) sev]al v5tral r+s4 ,on its gr[+1 s z to t\* ! opposite angle ( ! cell1 x coils itself up 9 ! %ape ( a semicircle1 & floats 9 a :iti% transp>5t fluid1 by :i* x is probably n\ri%$ & enl>g$ 9 its dim5sions1 till ! two extremities t\* "o ano!r & =m a r+4 ,9 ?is /ate x obta9s indiff]5tly ! "n ( worm1 l>va1 maggot or grub1 & is f$ ) f>9a or bee-bread1 to receive ! welcome morsels ( :i*1 x eag]ly op5s its two lat]al p9c]s4 ,x is ! op9ion ( ,reaumur & o!rs t f>9a does n con/itute ! sole food ( ! bee-l>v1 b t x consi/s ( a mixture ( f>9a ) a c]ta9 proportion ( honey & wat]1 p>tly dige/$ 9 ! /oma*s ( ! nurs+,b bees1 ! relative proportions ( honey & f>9a v>y+ accord+ to ! age ( ! "y4 ,x is insipid :il/ !y are v "y1 & becomes sweet] & m acesc5t ! ne>] !y approa* maturity4 ,footnote ,b3 ,= an acc\nt ( ^! see ,"p ,,ii4 ,nature & ,orig9 ( ,bees-wax4 ,s*ira* imag9$ t ! sem5 ( ! male 0 ! food ( ! l>v3 ,bonnet ent]ta9$ ! same op9ion1 f\nd$ ^u 8 obs]vation t ! drones1 9 go+ across ! combs1 pass by ^? cells t conta9 no maggots1 b /op at ^? :i* d1 giv+ a knock ) ! tail at !m ?ree times4 ,^u ?is ,mr4 ,hunt] obs]ves t ?ree is a fam\s numb]6 & we "k v well t ! developm5t is complete 9 hives t d n conta9 a s+le drone4 ,! l>va hav+ d]iv$ support 9 ! mann] above describ$1 = f\r1 five or six days1 accord+ to ! season,c1 cont9ues to increase dur+ t p]iod1 till x occupies ! :ole bread? & ne>ly ! l5g? ( ! cell4 ,! nurs+-bees n[ seal up ! cell1 ) a light br[n cov]1 ext]nally m or less convex1 7! cap ( a drone-cell is m convex ?an t ( a work]17 & ?us diff]+ f t ( a honey-cell1 :i* is pal] & some:at concave4 ,x is no soon] p]fectly inclos$ ?an x beg9s to lab\r1 alt]nately ext5d+ & %ort5+ its body1 :il/ x l9es ! cell by sp9n+ r\nd itself1 aft] ! mann] ( ! silk-worm1 a :iti% silky film or cocoon1 by :i* x is encas$1 z x 71 9 a pod or pellicle4 ,! silk5 ?read employ$ 9 =m+ ?is cov]+1 proce$s f ! middle "p ( ! "u lip1 & is 9 fact compos$ ( two ?reads gumm$ toge!r z !y issue f ! two adjo9+ orifices ( ! sp9n],d4 ,:5 x has und]gone ?is *ange1 x has usually borne ! "n ( nymph or pupa4 ,footnote ,c3 ,s*ira* ass]ts1 t 9 cool wea!r ! developm5t takes place two days lat] ?an 9 w>m4 ,footnote ,d3 ,kirby & ,sp5ce4 ,x may appe> some:at extraord9>y t a creature :i* takes its food s voraci\sly prior to its assum+ ! pupa /ate1 %\ld live s long )\t food1 aft] t assumption3 b a little consid]ation w p]haps abate our wond]2 = :5 ! insect has atta9$ ! /ate ( pupa1 x has arriv$ at its full gr[?1 & probably ! nutrim5t1 tak5 s gre$ily1 is to s]ve z a /ore = develop+ ! p]fect insect4 ,! bee1 :5 9 its pupa /ate1 has be5 d5om9at$1 b improp]ly1 *rysalis & aurelia2 = ^!1 z ! words import1 are ( a gold5 yell[ col\r & !y are cru/ace\s2 :il/ ! bee-nymphs appe> ( a pale1 dull col\r1 & readily yield to ! t\*4 ,! gold5 spl5d\r1 to :i* ! above names owe _! orig91 is peculi> to a c]ta9 species only ( ! papilio or butt]fly tribe4 ,! high] class ( entomologi/s1 foll[+ ! example ( ,l9nu1 apply ! t]m pupa to ?is /ate ( ! embryo bee1 a t]m :i* signifies t ! insect is envelop$ 9 swaddl+ clo!s l an infant1 a v apt comp>ison4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce h rem>k$ t x exhibits no unapt repres5tation ( an ,egyptian mummy4 ,hub]'s translator says t naturali/s ( ! pres5t day incl9e to use ! "n ( l>va1 9 all cases :]e ! worm is n se5 "u its f9al aspect4 ,! work+ bee-nymph sp9s its cocoon 9 ?irty-six h\rs4 ,aft] pass+ a c]ta9 p]iod 9 ?is /ate ( prep>ation = a new exi/5ce1 x gradually und]goes s great a *ange1 z n to we> a ve/ige ( its previ\s =m1 b becomes arm$ ) a firm] mail1 & ) scales ( a d>k br[n hue1 fr+$ ) light hairs4 ,on its belly six r+s become di/+ui%able1 :i* by slipp+ "o ov] ano!r1 enable ! bee to %ort5 its body :5ev] x has occasion to d s2 its brea/ becomes entirely cov]$ ) gray fea!r-l hairs1 :i* z ! insect advances 9 age assume a r$di% hue4 ,:5 x has rea*$ ! tw5ty-fir/ day ( its exi/5ce1 c\nt+ f ! mom5t ! egg is laid1 x quits ! exuvi ( ! pupa /ate1 comes =? a p]fect w+$ insect1 & is t]m$ an imago4 ,! cocoon or pellicle is left beh9d & =ms a closely atta*$ & exact l9+ to ! cell 9 :i* x 0 spun3 by ?is means ! bre$+-cells become small]1 & _! p>titions /rong]1 ! (t5] !y *ange _! t5ants2 & :5 !y h become s mu* dim9i%$ 9 size1 by ?is succession ( pellicles or l9+s1 z n to admit ( ! p]fect developm5t ( full-siz$ bees1 !y are conv]t$ into receptacles = honey4 ,su* are ! respective /ages ( ! work+ bee2 ^? ( ! royal bee are z foll[4 ,%e passes ?ree days 9 ! egg & is five a worm2 ! work]s !n close h] cell,e1 & %e imm$iately beg9s sp9n+ ! cocoon1 :i* occupies h] tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,on ! t5? & elev5? days1 z if exhau/$ by h] lab\r1 %e rema9s 9 complete repose1 & ev5 sixte5 h\rs ( ! twelf?4 ,!n %e passes f\r days & "o-?ird z a nymph4 ,x is on ! sixte5? day !re=e t ! p]fect /ate ( que5 is atta9$4 ,footnote ,e3 ,in/ead ( be+ ne>ly horizontal l ! o!r brood-cells1 ^? ( ! que5s are p]p5dicul> & consid]ably l>g]2 9 =m !y are oblong sph]oids1 tap]+ gradually d[nw>ds2 _! m\?s be+ always at ! bottom4 ,vide ,"p ,,ii4 ,ar*itecture ( ,bees4 ,! male passes ?ree days 9 ! egg1 six & a half z a worm1 & metamorphoses into a fly on ! tw5ty-f\r? or tw5ty-fif? day1 aft] ! egg is laid4 ,! great epo* ( lay+ ! eggs ( males may be accel]at$ or ret>d$ by ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e promot+ or imp$+ ! collections ( ! bees4 ,! developm5t ( ea* species likewise proce$s m sl[ly :5 ! colonies are weak or ! air cool1 & :5 ! wea!r is v cold x is entirely susp5d$4 ,mr4 ,hunt] has obs]v$ t ! eggs1 maggots & nymphs1 all require a heat above #gj ( ,fahr5heit = _! evolution4 ,! influ5ce ( temp]ature 9 develop+ embryo insects is v /rongly illu/rat$ 9 ! case ( ! ,papilio ,ma*aon4 ,accord+ to ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 if ! cat]pill> ( ! ,papilio ,ma*aon becomes a pupa 9 ,july1 ! butt]fly w appe> 9 ?irte5 days2 if x d n become a pupa till ,septemb]1 ! butt]fly w n make its appe>ance until ! foll[+ ,june4 ,& ?is is ! case1 say !y1 ) a va/ numb] ( o!r insects4 ,reaumur prov$ ! influ5ce ( temp]ature1 by effect+ ! regul> *anges 9 a hot-h\se1 dur+ ! mon? ( ,janu>y4 ,he also prov$ x conv]sely1 by hav+ rec\rse to an ice-h\se 9 summ]1 :i* enabl$ him to ret>d ! developm5t = a :ole ye>4 ,! l>v ( bees1 ?\gh )\t feet1 are n always )\t motion4 ,!y advance f _! fir/ /ation at ! bottom ( ! cell1 9 a spiral direction3 ?is movem5t1 = ! fir/ ?ree days1 is s sl[ z to be sc>cely p]ceptible2 b aft] t x is m easily disc]n$4 ,! animal n[ makes two entire revolutions1 9 ab\t an h\r & ?ree qu>t]s2 & :5 ! p]iod ( its metamorphosis arrives1 x is sc>cely m ?an two l9es f ! m\? ( ! cell4 ,its attitude1 :i* is always ! same1 is a /rong curve4 ,?is occasions ! inhabitant ( a horizontal cell to be always p]p5dicul> to ! horizon1 & t ( a v]tical "o to be p>allel ) x,f4 ,footnote ,f3 ,kirby & ,sp5ce4 ,! "y bees break _! envelope ) _! tee?1 &1 assi/$ at fir/ by ! work+-bees1 proce$ to cleanse !mselves f ! moi/ure & exuvi ) :i* !y 7 surr\nd$3 ?is op]ation be+ complet$1 !y beg9 to ex]cise _! int5d$ functions1 & 9 a few m9utes are ga!r+ provision 9 ! fields1 load+ 9 life's fir/ h\r ! holl['d ?igh4 ,m4 ,m>aldi assures u t he has se5 bees load$ ) two l>ge balls ( wax1 return+ to ! hive1 ! same day !y became bees4 ,we h se5 h]1 says ,wildman1 ! same day issue f ! cell1 & return f ! fields load$ ) wax1 l ! re/4 ,! error ( ,m>aldi & ,wildman 9 us+ ! t]m wax in/ead ( poll51 does n at all affect ! accuracy ( _! obs]vations4 ,z soon z ! "y insect has be5 lick$ clean & regal$ ) a little honey by its companions1 ! latt] clean out ! cell1 prep>atory to its be+ re-occupi$ by a new t5ant or ) honey4 ,) respect to ! cocoons spun by ! diff]5t l>v1 bo? work]s & drones sp9 complete cocoons1 or inclose !mselves on e side3 royal l>v con/ruct only imp]fect cocoons1 op5 beh9d1 & envelop+ only ! head1 ?orax1 & fir/ r+ ( ! abdom52 & ,hub] concludes1 )\t any hesitation1 t ! f9al cause ( _! =m+ only incomplete cocoons is t !y may ?us be expos$ to ! mortal /+ ( ! fir/ hat*$ que51 ^: in/9ct leads h] in/antly to seek ! de/ruction ( ^? :o w\ld soon become h] rivals4 ,if ! royal l>v spun complete cocoons1 ! /+s ( ! que5s regnant might be s entangl$ 9 _! silk5 me%es1 z to be ) difficulty dis5gag$ f !m4 ,su*1 says ,hub]1 is ! in/9ctive enmity ( "y que5s to ea* o!r1 t ,i h se5 "o ( !m1 imm$iately on its em]g5ce f ! cell1 ru% to ^? ( its si/]s1 & te> to pieces ev5 ! imp]fect l>v4 ,a curi\s circum/ance occurs ) respect to ! hat*+ ( ! que5-bee4 ,:5 ! pupa or nymph is ab\t to *ange into ! p]fect insect1 ! bees r5d] ! cov] ( ! cell ?9n]1 by gnaw+ away "p ( ! wax2 & ) s mu* nicety d !y p]=m ?is op]ation t ! cov] at la/ becomes pellucid1 ow+ to its extreme ?9ness1 ?us facilitat+ ! exit ( ! fly4 ,aft] ! trans=mation is complete1 ! "y que5s w\ld1 9 common c\rse1 imm$iately em]ge f _! cells1 z work]s & drones d2 b ! =m] always keep ! royal infants prison]s = "s days1 supply+ !m 9 ! mean "t ) honey = food1 a small hole be+ made 9 ! door ( ea* cell1 ?r\gh :i* ! conf9$ bee ext5ds its proboscis to receive x4 ,! royal prison]s cont9ually utt] a k9d ( song1 ! modulations ( :i* are said to v>y4 ,vide ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,hub] he>d a "y pr9cess 9 h] cell emit a v di/9ct s\nd or clack+1 consi/+ ( sev]al monoton\s notes 9 rapid succession1 & he supposes ! work+ bees to asc]ta91 by ! l\dness ( ^! tones1 ! rip5ess ( _! que5s4 ,hub] has sugge/$ t ! cause ( ?is tempor>y imprisonm5t may possibly be to enable ! "y que5s to fly away at ! in/ant !y are lib]at$4 ,! que5 is a good deal h>ass$ by ! o!r bees1 on h] lib]ation4 ,?is has be5 attribut$ to _! wi%+ to impel h] to g (f ) a sw>m z soon z possible1 b ?is notion is probably errone\s2 x c]ta9ly is s if ,hub] be correct1 9 say+ t ! sw>ms are always accompani$ by ! old] que5s4 ,! que5 has ! p[] ( in/antly putt+ a /op to _! worry+1 by utt]+ a peculi> noise1 :i* has be5 call$ ! voice ( sov]eignty4 ,bonn] h[ev] decl>es t he nev] c\ld obs]ve 9 ! que5 any?+ l an ex]cise ( sov]eignty4 ,b ,hub]'s /atem5t 0 n f\nd$ ^u a solit>y in/ance2 he he>d ! s\nd on v>i\s occasions1 & witness$ ! /rik+ effect :i* x always produc$4 ,on "o occasion1 a que5 hav+ escap$ ! vigilance ( h] gu>ds & sprung f ! cell1 01 on h] approa* to ! royal embryos1 pull$1 bitt5 & *as$ by ! o!r bees4 ,b /&+ ) h] ?orax aga9/ a comb & cross+ h] w+s ^u h] back1 keep+ !m 9 motion1 b n unfold+ !m1 %e emitt$ a p>ticul> s\nd1 :5 ! bees became1 z x 71 p>alys$ & rema9$ motionless4 ,tak+ advantage ( ?is dread1 %e ru%$ to ! royal cells2 b ! s\nd hav+ ceas$ z %e prep>$ to asc5d1 ! gu>dians ( ! cells in/antly took c\rage & fairly drove h] away4 ,?is voice ( sov]eignty1 z x has be5 call$1 resembles t :i* is made by "y que5s be=e !y are lib]at$ f _! cells2 x is a v di/9ct k9d ( click+1 compos$ ( _m notes 9 ! same key1 :i* foll[ ea* o!r rapidly4 ,! s\nd accompani$ by ! attitude j describ$1 always produces a p>alys+ effect ^u ! bees4 ,bees1 :5 depriv$ ( _! que51 h ! p[] ( select+ "o or m grubs ( work]s1 & conv]t+ !m into que5s4 ,to effect ?is1 ea* ( ! promot$ grubs has a royal cell or cradle =m$ = x1 by hav+ ?ree contigu\s common cells ?r[n into "o2 two ( ! ?ree grubs t occupy ^? cells are sacrific$1 & ! rema9+ "o is lib]ally f$ ) royal jelly4 ,?is royal jelly is a pung5t food prep>$ by ! work+ bees1 exclusively = ! purpose ( fe$+ su* ( ! l>v z are de/9$ to become c&idates = ! hon\rs ( royalty1 :e!r x be _! lot to assume !m or n4 ,x is m /imulat+ ?an ! food ( ord9>y bees1 has n ! same mawki% ta/e1 & is evid5tly acesc5t4 ,! royal l>v are suppli$ ) x r pr(usely1 & !re is always "s ( x left 9 ! cell1 aft] _! trans=mation4 ,s*ira*1 :o 0 secret>y to ! ,api>ian ,society 9 ,upp] ,lusatia & vic> ( ,little ,bautz51 may be reg>d$ z ! discov]]1 or r z ! promulgator ( ?is fact2 & 8 exp]im5ts1 :i* 7 also frequ5tly repeat$ by o!r memb]s ( ! ,lusatian ,society1 h be5 amply confirm$ by ^? ( ,hub] & ,bonn]4 ,mr4 ,keys 0 a viol5t sceptic ^u ?is subject 7,see 8 communications to ! ,ba? ,society72 s likewise 0 ,mr4 ,hunt] 7,vide ,philosophical ,transactions74 ,b not)/&+ ! criticisms & ridicule ( ! =m]1 & ! s>ca/ic /rictures ( ! latt]1 ! sex ( work]s is n[ e/abli%$ beyond all d\bt4 ,! fact is said to h be5 kn[n long be=e ,s*ira* wrote3 ,m4 ,vogel & ,signor ,monticelli1 a ,neapolitan pr(essor1 h bo? ass]t$ ?is2 ! =m] /ates x to h be5 kn[n upw>ds ( fifty ye>s1 ! latt] a mu* long] p]iod2 he says t ! ,greeks & ,turks 9 ! ,ionian ,isl&s are well acqua9t$ ) x1 & t 9 ! little ,sicilian isl& ( ,favignana1 ! art ( produc+ que5s has be5 kn[n f v remote antiquity2 he ev5 ?9ks t x 0 no secret to ! ,greeks & ,romans1 ?\gh1 z ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce obs]ve1 _h ! practice be5 common1 x w\ld surely h be5 notic$ by ,ari/otle or ,pl9y4 ,! result ( ,s*ira*'s exp]im5ts 0 t all work]s 7 orig9ally females1 b t _! organs ( g5]ation 7 oblit]at$1 m]ely because ! g]ms ( !m 7 n develop$2 _! be+ f$ & treat$ 9 a p>ticul> mann]1 9 _! infancy or worm /ate1 be+ necess>y1 9 8 op9ion1 to effect t developm5t4 ,subsequ5t exp]im5ts conduct$ "u ! auspices ( ,hub]1 h %[n1 h[ev]1 t ! organs are n entirely oblit]at$4 ,hub] has be5 reg>d$ z a man ( a v vivid imag9ation2 & z 8 eye-sight 0 defective1 he 0 oblig$ to rely v mu* ^u ! reports ( ,francis ,burn5s1 8 assi/ant2 on bo? :i* acc\nts o!r api>ian writ]s h ?r[n "s di/ru/ ^u 8 /atem5ts4 ,hui% may be reckon$ among ! numb]2 he has also made "s obs]vations ^u ,s*ira*'s !ory1 & treat$ x ) mu* petulance & ridicule4 ,9 answ] to him & all o!r cavill]s1 ,i %all detail an exp]im5t made by ,mr4 ,dunb>1 9 8 mirror hive4 ,9 ,july1 :5 ! hive _h become fill$ ) comb & bees1 & well /or$ ) honey2 & :5 ! que5 0 v f]tile1 lay+ a hundr$ eggs a-day1 ,mr4 ,d4 op5$ ! hive & took h] maje/y away4 ,! bees lab\r$ = eighte5 h\rs be=e !y appe>$ to miss h]2 b no soon] 0 ! loss discov]$ ?an all 0 agitation & tumult2 & !y ru%$ 9 cr[ds to ! door1 z if sw>m+4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ he obs]v$ t !y _h f\nd$ five que5 cells1 9 ! usual way "u su* circum/ances2 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! same aft]noon1 f\r m 7 f\nd$1 9 a "p ( ! comb :]e !re 7 only eggs a day or two old4 ,on ! f\rte5? day f ! old que5's removal1 a "y que5 em]g$ & proce$$ t[>ds ! o!r royal cells1 evid5tly ) a murd]\s int5t4 ,%e 0 imm$iately pull$ away by ! work]s1 ) viol5ce1 & ?is conduct on _! "p 0 repeat$ z (t5 z ! que5 r5ew$ h] de/ructive purpose4 ,at e repulse %e appe>$ sulky1 & cri$ peep peep1 "o ( ! unhat*$ que5s respond+1 b 9 a some:at ho>s] tone4 7,?is circum/ance af=ds an explanation ( ! two diff]5t s\nds :i* are he>d1 prior to ! issu+ ( second sw>ms47 ,on ! aft]noon ( ! same day1 a second que5 0 hat*$2 %e imm$iately buri$ h]self 9 a clu/] ( bees4 ,next morn+ ,mr4 ,d4 obs]v$ a hot pursuit ( ! y\ng] que5 by ! eld]1 b be+ call$ away1 on 8 return half an h\r aft]w>ds1 ! =m] 0 dy+ on ! floor1 no d\bt ! victim ( ! o!r4 ,hub] has /at$ t ^! artificial que5s are mute2 b ! circum/ance notic$ by ,mr4 ,dunb> ( ! two que5s1 j ref]r$ to1 hav+ answ]$ ea* o!r1 disproves t /atem5t4 ,contr>y also to ! exp]i5ce ( ,hub]1 ,mr4 ,d4 f\nd t ! cells ( artificial que5s 7 surr\nd$ by a gu>d4 ,i h j adv]t$ to ! protection :i* !y af=d$ to ! royal cells1 :5 assail$ by ! fir/ hat*$ que54 ,t ! work+ bees are females is cle> f ! circum/ance ( _! be+ kn[n occasionally to lay eggs4 ,?is fact 0 fir/ notic$ by ,riem1 & 0 aft]w>ds confirm$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,hub]1 ^: assi/ant1 on "o occasion seiz$ a f]tile work] 9 ! v act ( lay+4 ,x is a rem>kable fact t ^! f]tile work]s nev] lay any b drones' eggs4 ,?is un9t]rupt$ lay+ ( drones' eggs 0 notic$ by ! ,lusatian obs]v]s1 z well z by ! naturali/ ( ! ,palat9ate4 ,bonnet1 on ref]r+ to ?is fact1 supposes !re mu/ h be5 small que5s mix$ ) ! work]s ^u :i* ! exp]im5ts 7 made1 ^: (fice x 0 to lay male eggs 9 all hives2 = nei!r he nor ! be=e-nam$ obs]v]s imag9$ t ! work]s 7 ev] f]tile1 ?\gh f ! (t repeat$ exp]im5ts1 j allud$ to1 !y mu/ h reg>d$ !m z females4 ,probably ! f]tility ( ^! work]s is occasion$ by "s royal jelly be+ casually dropp$ into _! cells1 :5 grubs1 z !y uni=mly issue f cells adjo9+ ^? inhabit$ by grubs1 t h be5 rais$ f ! plebeian to ! royal rank2 ( c\rse !re=e !y are nev] f\nd 9 any hives b ^? :i* h _h ! mis=tune to lose _! que54 ,f]tile work]s appe> small] 9 ! belly & m sl5d] 9 ! body ?an /]ile work]s1 & ?is is ! only ext]nal diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,if any fur!r pro( 7 requir$ to e/abli% ! op9ion t work+ bees are females1 ! "q has be5 set at re/ = ev]1 by ! dissections ( ,miss ,jur9e1 daught] ( ! di/+ui%$ naturali/ ( ,g5eva3 :at _h elud$ ! scalpel & ! microscope ( t p5etrat+ & indefatigable naturali/ ,swamm]dam1 0 res]v$ = ! /ill f9] h& & m dext]\s dissection ( a lady4 ,miss ,jur9e1 by adopt+ a p>ticul> me?od ( prep>+ ! object to be exam9$1 br\ght into view ! rudim5ts ( ! ov>ia ( ! common work+ bee3 h] exam9ations 7 sev]al times repeat$1 & always ) success3 9 =m1 situation & /ructure1 !y 7 f\nd to be p]fectly analog\s to ^? ( ! que5-bee1 except+ t no ova c\ld be di/+ui%$ 9 !m4 ,m4 ,cuvi]1 h[ev]1 ?9ks t he has obs]v$ m9ute *aplets 9 common bees1 resembl+ ^? 9 ! oviducts ( que5s2 an additional confirmation1 if any 7 want$1 ( ! op9ion t work]s are females ^: organization is n develop$4 ,miss ,jur9e und]took ! delicate task to :i* ,i h j ref]r$1 at ! reque/ ( ,m4 ,hub]1 :o speaks ( h] z a "y lady :o _h devot$ h] "t & ! lib]al gifts ( nature to simil> /udies1 & says t %e already rivall$ ,lyonnet & ,m]ian2 b adds1 we _h soon to deplore h] loss4 ,! rese>* 0 fir/ made to asc]ta9 :e!r black bees1 :i*1 :5 !y appe> 9 a hive1 are mu* p]secut$1 7 expos$ to ?is p]secution 9 consequ5ce ( _! sex excit+ ! jeal\sy ( ! que54 ,! success ( ! inve/igation induc$ ?is accompli%$ "y lady to ext5d h] dissection to ! common work]s1 :i* 0 cr[n$ ) a result equally gratify+4 ,p>allel in/ances h be5 obs]v$ ) reg>d to ! humble-bee1 ! wasp & ! ant1 among/ :i*1 ^? t h usually be5 call$ neut]s are f\nd to be females1 & :5 f]tile1 !y1 l ! f]tile work]s 9 a bee-hive1 produce males univ]sally4 ,hav+ n[ trac$ ^! insects ?r\gh _! regul> /ages ( egg1 l>va1 nymph1 until !y become p]fect bees1 & hav+ notic$ ! facts :i* %[ ! work+ bees to be females1 ,i %all adv]t to ! m intricate & my/]i\s bus9ess ( ,impregnation4 ,?is is a subject :i* 0 long involv$ 9 obscurity1 & :i* inde$ is /ill cl\d$ by "s unc]ta9ty4 ,s*ira* & ,bonn] /\tly d5i$ ! necessity ( sexual int]c\rse betwe5 ! que5 & ! drones1 consid]+ ! =m] z a "m & yet a virg91 & ,swamm]dam 0 ( ! same op9ion2 he ascribes impregnation to a vivify+ sem9al aura1 :i* is exhal$ f ! drones & p5etrates ! body ( ! que54 ,?is op9ion arose f 8 obs]v+ a v /rong od\r to be exhal$1 at c]ta9 times1 f ! drones2 ,hanc s5t5tiam ratam habuit1 quia organa apum propag9i s]vi5tia1 sexus utriusque1 rit dissecta1 int] se ita disp>ia videbantur1 ut congressus ne fi]i quidem ullo pacto posset4 ,8 op9ion ) respect to ! vivify+ influ5ce ( ! sem9al aura also acc\nt$ satisfactorily1 to 8 own m9d1 = !re be+ su* a prodigi\s numb] ( drones1 z1 9 proportion to _! numb]1 w\ld ( c\rse be ! int5sity ( _! peculi> od\r4 ,reaumur v successfully combat$ ?is fanciful doctr9e1 & ,hub] has confut$ x by direct exp]im5t4 ,reaumur incl9$ to ! op9ion t !re 0 a sexual int]c\rse1 ?\gh 8 exp]im5ts left t "q undecid$4 ,ar?ur ,dobbs1 ,esq4 has giv5 x z 8 op9ion t ! que5's eggs 7 impregnat$ by coition ) ! drones1 & t a r5ewal ( ! int]c\rse 0 unnecess>y4 ,he h[ev] ?\ght t %e _h int]c\rse ) sev]al1 in/ead ( ) "o only1 9 ord] t !re might be a suffici5t deposition ( sp]m to impregnate all h] eggs4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury1 ,m>aldi broa*$ ano!r hypo!sis2 he imag9$ t ! eggs 7 fecundat$ by ! drones1 aft] ! que5 _h deposit$ !m 9 ! cells1 simil>ly to :at takes place 9 ! fecundation ( fi%-spawn4 ,9 #aggg t +5i\s naturali/ ,mr4 ,debraw1 :o 0 apo!c>y to ,add5broke's ,hospital at ,cambridge1 also adopt$ ?is op9ion2 & ev5 s late z ! ye> #ahag ,hui% has support$ ! same doctr9e1 & ,i believe does s at ! pres5t "t4 ,debraw ?\ght he _h discov]$ ! prolific fluid ( ! drones1 9 ! brood-cells1 :i* f]tiliz+ ! eggs caus$ !m to produce l>v4 ,hub] repeat$ ! exp]im5ts ( ,debraw1 & at fir/ gave him cr$it = ! reality ( ! discov]y2 b fur!r & m m9ute obs]vation conv9c$ him t x 0 illusory1 & t :at he1 z well z ,debraw _h tak5 = sem9al fluid1 0 no?+ m ?an light reflect$ f ! bottoms ( ! cells1 :5 illum9at$ by ! sun's rays4 ,moreov]1 x did n escape ! acute m9d ( ,hub]1 t eggs 7 laid & l>v hat*$1 :5 !re 7 no drones 9 exi/5ce1 viz4 betwe5 ! mon?s ( ,septemb] & ,april4 ,! two hypo!ses j m5tion$1 acc\nt$ satisfactorily1 to _! support]s1 = ! prodigi\s disproportion 9 ! numb] ( ! sexes4 ,b ,hub] made ! exp]im5t ( conf9+ ! que5 & rigidly exclud+ e male f a hive2 nay m1 he c>efully exam9$ e comb1 & satisfi$ himself t !re 0 nei!r male nymph nor worm pres5t2 & le/ x %\ld be suppos$ t ! f]tiliz+ fluid might be import$ f o!r hives1 he totally conf9$ ! bees1 on two occasions1 & /ill ! eggs 7 prolific2 :i* proves cle>ly t _! f]tility mu/ h dep5d$ ^u ! previ\s impregnation ( ! que54 ,! analogy ( wasps is inde$ admitt$1 by ,hui%1 to disc\nt5ance ! op9ion :i* he ent]ta9s 9 common ) ,m>aldi & ,debraw4 ,! que5 wasp alone1 survives ! w9t]1 & deposits h] fir/ eggs 9 ! ensu+ spr+ 9 combs ( h] own con/ruction4 ,"h !n impregnation mu/ h tak5 place 9 ! prec$+ autumn1 :il/ ! eggs 7 9 ! ov>ia4 ,x 0 ! op9ion ( ,hattorf1 ,s*ira*1 & probably also ( ,bonn]1 t ! que5-bee impregnat$ h]self2 b ?is op9ion is too extravagant to require s]i\s refutation3 x arose probably1 f _! mak+ exp]im5ts ^u que5s tak5 indiscrim9ately f ! hives1 & :i* _h previ\sly be5 impregnat$4 ,?is no d\bt misl$ ,debraw1 :o1 )\t kn[+ x1 _h *os5 = exp]im5t "s que5s t _h _h comm]ce ) ! males4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,hub] 7 made ^u virg9-que5s1 ) ^: hi/ory he 0 acqua9t$ f ! mom5t ( _! leav+ _! cells4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 exp]im5ts he f\nd t ! que5s 7 nev] impregnat$1 s long z !y rema9$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! hive2 b t impregnation always takes place 9 ! op5 air1 at a "t :5 ! heat has induc$ ! drones to issue f ! hive2 on :i* occasions1 ! que5 so>s high 9 ! air1 love be+ ! motive = ! only di/ant j\rney %e ev] takes4 ,! r5contre & copulation ( ! que5 ) ! drone take place ext]ior to ! hive1 says ,lomb>d1 & :il/ !y are on ! w+4 ,!y are simil>ly con/itut$ ) ! :ole family ( flies4 ,a correspond+ circum/ance may also be not$ ) respect to ! que5-ant2 & ,bonnet1 9 8 ,contemplations de la ,nature1 has obs]v$ t %e is always impregnat$ :il/ %e is on ! w+4 ,! dragon-flies copulate z !y fly ?r\gh ! air1 9 :i* /ate !y h ! appe>ance ( a d\ble animal4 ,:5 noon-tide ,sirius gl>es on high1 ,"y ,love asc5ds ! gl[+ sky1 ,f ve9 to ve9 swift %oots prolific fire1 ,& ?rills ea* insect fibre ) desire4 ,!nce1 ,nature1 to fulfil ?y prime decree1 ,:eels r\nd1 9 wanton r+s1 ! c\rti] bee2 ,n[ %yly di/ant1 n[ ) bold5'd air4 ,he woos & w9s ! all-comply+ fair3 ,?r\gh fields ( e!r1 veil'd 9 vap'ry gloom1 ,!y seek1 ) amor\s ha/e1 ! nuptial room2 ,z er/ ?' immortal pair1 on ,ida's height1 ,wrea?'d r\nd _! noon ( joy1 ambrosial night4 ,evans4 ,! males & ! f]tile females1 among ants1 are w+$ insects2 ! =m]1 z 9 ! case ( drone bees1 p]i% a %ort "t aft] _! am\rs2 & ! females1 hav+ alight$ ^u a spot suitable = ! =mation ( a colony1 cut (f _! own w+s1 z be+ no long] ( any use to !m4 7,l9nu _h obs]v$ t ! females lo/ _! w+s a c]ta9 p]iod aft] impregnation47 ,a dom9o ,hunt] didici1 se bomb9atrices sub oculos 9 coitu junctos1 ut apud muscas mos e/1 vidisse4 ,aculeus1 inquit1 articulo temporis ejicitur1 et int] gem9a insecta1 dorso fem9 imponitur4 ,hoc situ aliqu&i man5t4 ,9 ! hornet x is ! same4 ,if ! que5-bee be conf9$1 ?\gh amid a s]aglio ( males1 %e cont9ues b>r54 ,prior to h] flight1 7:i* is prec$$ by ! flight ( ! drones17 %e reconnoitres ! ext]ior ( ! hive1 app>5tly = ! purpose ( recognition1 & sometimes1 aft] fly+ a few feet f x1 returns to x aga93 f9ally %e rises al(t 9 ! air1 describ+ 9 h] flight horizontal circles ( consid]able diamet]1 till %e is out ( sight4 ,%e returns f h] arial excursion 9 ab\t half an h\r1 ) ! mo/ evid5t m>ks ( fecundation4 ,excursions are sometimes made = a %ort] p]iod1 b !n %e exhibits no sign ( hav+ be5 impregnat$4 ,x is curi\s t ,bonn] %\ld h rem>k$ ^? arial excursions1 )\t suspect+ _! object4 ,i h (t51 says he1 se5 ! "y que5s tak+ an air+ ^u ! second or ?ird day ( _! age4 ,yet ,hui% says1 ,x is an ackn[l$g$ tact t ! que5-bee nev] leaves ! hive1 on any acc\nt :atsoev]4 ,p]haps ,hui%'s obs]vations 7 made ^u fir/ sw>ms2 & ^!1 accord+ to ,hub]1 are uni=mly conduct$ by old que5s4 ,swamm]dam also made ! same obs]vation z to fir/ sw>ms be+ always l$ (f by old que5s4 ,old que5s h n ! same occasion to quit ! hives t "y ones h1--viz4 to h int]c\rse ) ! drones2 =1 accord+ to ,hub]1 "o impregnation is suffici5t to f]tilize all ! eggs t are laid = two ye>s aft]w>ds1 at lea/4 ,he ?9ks x is suffici5t to f]tilize all t %e lays dur+ h] :ole life4 ,?is may appe>1 to "s1 an incr$ible p]iod2 & ,hui% inquires1 admitt+ t a s+le act ( coition be suffici5t to fecundate all ! eggs exi/+ 9 ! ov>ia at ! "t1 h[ ^? are fecundat$ :i* did n exi/ !re8 ,b :5 we consid] t 9 ! common spid]1 accord+ to ,audeb]t1 ! f]tiliz+ effect cont9ues = _m ye>s2 & t ! fecundation ( ! eggs ( ! female aphides or gre5 lice1 by ! males ( "o g5]ation1 w cont9ue = a ye>1 pass+1 dur+ t p]iod1 ?r\gh n9e or t5 successive g5]ations ( females1 ! causes = d\bt w1 ,i ?9k1 be greatly dim9i%$3 at any rate we are n at lib]ty to reject ! evid5ce ( facts1 because we _c und]/& _! modus op]&i4 ,) respect to ! aphis1 ,bonnet says ! influ5ce ( ! male cont9ues ?r\gh five g5]ations1 b ,lyonnet c>ri$ 8 exp]im5ts to a m ext5d$ p]iod2 & accord+ to ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 :o give x ^u ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,woln\gh ( ,hollesley 7late ( ,boyton7 9 ,suffolk1 an intellig5t agriculturi/1 & a mo/ acute & accurate obs]v] ( nature1 !re may be tw5ty g5]ations 9 a ye>4 ,reaumur has prov$ t 9 five g5]ations "o aphis may be ! prog5itor ( #e1ijd1ijj1jjj desc5dants4 ,x may be object$ to me "h1 t ! aphis is a vivip>\s insect1 & t ! exp]im5ts :i* prove :at ,i h ref]r$ to1 d n !re=e be> ^u ! "q4 ,x has be5 asc]ta9$1 h[ev]1 t !y are /rictly ovip>\s at ! close ( ! ye> 7"o species is at all times s71 at o!r times ovo-vivip>\s2 & 9 ei!r case ! p5etrat+ influ5ce ( ! male sp]m is surely /ill m rem>kable :]e !re has be5 no imm$iate comm]ce ) ! male1 ?an 9 ! direct case ( ! ovip>\s bee6 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! fur!r ! female aphides are remov$ f ! fir/ "m1 or t :i* _h kn[n ! male1 ! less prolific d !y become4 ,9 ord] to put my read]s 9 possession ( ,dr4 ,flem+'s op9ion ^u ?is subject1 ,i w quote :at he has said 9 8 ,philosophy ( ,zoology4 ,impregnation1 9 insects1 appe>s to take place :ile ! eggs pass a res]voir conta9+ ! sp]m1 situat$ ne> ! t]m9ation ( ! oviduct 9 ! vulva4 ,9 dissect+ ! female p>ts1 9 ! silk-mo?1 says ,mr4 ,hunt]1 ,i discov]$ a bag1 ly+ on :at may be call$ ! vag9a or common oviduct1 ^: m\? or op5+ 0 ext]nal1 b x _h a canal ( communication betwixt x & ! common oviduct4 ,9 dissect+ ^! p>ts1 be=e copulation1 ,i f\nd ?is bag empty2 & :5 ,i dissect$ !m aft]w>ds1 ,i f\nd x full4 7,phil4 ,trans4 #agib4 p4 #ahf47 ,by ! mo/ decisive exp]im5ts1 su* z cov]+ ! ova ( ! unimpregnat$ mo?1 aft] exclusion1 ) ! liquor tak5 f ?is bag1 9 ^? :i* _h _h sexual int]c\rse1 & r5d]+ !m f]tile1 he demon/rat$ t ?is bag 0 a res]voir = ! sp]matic fluid1 to impregnate ! eggs1 z !y 7 ready = exclusion1 & t coition & impregnation 7 n simultane\s4 ,l9nu ?\ght t !re 0 a sexual int]c\rse betwe5 ! que5s & ! drones1 & he ev5 suspect$ t x prov$ fatal to ! latt]4 ,8 op9ion1 on bo? ^! po9ts1 seems to be confirm$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,hub]2 :o asc]ta9$ by repeat$ obs]vations on newly impregnat$ que5s1 ,fuci organum1 po/ congressum1 9 corpore fem9 hsisse1 unde exitus fatalis expect&us e/2 ita autem accid]e re v] non liquet4 ,apum reg9a et mat]1 says ,mr4 ,kirby1 9 sublime f]tur m>itum infelicem pet5s1 qui voluptatem brevem vit emat4 ,reaumur ?\ght sexual union necess>y to impregnation1 & tri$ _m exp]im5ts to asc]ta9 ! fact2 su* z conf9+ a que5 "u a glass 9 company ) drones3 & ^! exp]im5ts 7 repeat$ by ,hub]4 ,bo? ^! naturali/s witness$ ! solicitations & advances ( ! que5s t[>ds ! drones1 nihilom9s1 coeuntia tempore quovis conspic]e non poss5t4 ,reaumur fanci$ he saw x2 !re is1 h[ev]1 v great reason to believe t he 0 mi/ak53 ! que5s s expos$ all prov$ b>r54 ,swamm]dam ass]t$ t clipp+ ! w+s ( que5s r5d]$ !m /]ile1 a fact :i* militates v mu* aga9/ 8 own !ory ( impregnation be+ produc$ by a sem9al aura1 b /rongly confirms ! !ory ( ,hub]2 z 9 all probability ! mutilat+ exp]im5ts ( ,swamm]dam 7 made ^u virg9 que5s1 :i* !reby lo/ ! p[] ( quitt+ ! hives4 ,hub] f\nd t clipp+ ! w+s ( impregnat$ que5s produc$ no effect ^u !m2 x nei!r dim9i%$ ! respectful att5tions ( ! work]s1 nor int]f]$ ) _! lay+ ( eggs4 ,:y impregnation c only take place 9 ! op5 air & :5 ! insects are on ! w+1 at pres5t rema9s a my/]y4 ,! "y virg9-que5s1 g5]ally1 set out 9 que/ ( ! males1 ! day aft] !y are settl$ 9 _! new abode1 :i* is usually ! fif? day ( _! exi/5ce z que5s1 two or ?ree days be+ pass$ 9 captivity1 "o 9 ! native hive aft] _! lib]ation1 & ! fif? 9 ! new dwell+4 ,! anci5ts seem to h be5 v solicit\s to e/abli% = ! bees a "* ( inviolable *a/ity3 ,pl9y obs]ves1 ,apium enim coitus visus nunquam4 ,& ,virgil endeav\rs to support ! same op9ion3 ,b ( all cu/oms :i* ! bees c boa/1 ',tis ?is t claims our admiration mo/2 ,t none w ,hym5's s(t] joys approve1 ,nor wa/e _! spirits 9 luxuri\s love3 ,b all a long virg9ity ma9ta94 ,& br+ =? "y )\t a "m's pa94 ,x 0 ! op9ion ( mo/ anci5t philosoph]s t bees d]iv$ _! orig9 f ! putrid c>cases ( animals4 ,vide ,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,"s also h suppos$ !m to proce$ f ! p>ts ( fructification 9 fl[]s4 ,virgil1 borr[+ z usual f ,ari/otle1 among ! re/3 ,well might ! ,b>d1 on fancy's frolic w+1 ,bid1 f fre% fl[]s1 enasc5t myriads spr+1 ,raise g5ial f]m5t 9 ! slaught]'d /e]4 ,& p !nce 8 insect-teem+ ye>2 ,a fabl$ race1 :om no s(t passions move4 ,! smile ( duty nor ! glance ( love4 ,evans4 ,to v9dicate1 9 "s measure1 ! "* ( ! insect que51 ,mr4 ,wildman boldly d>$ to /em ! torr5t1 & revive ! long =gott5 idea sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,butl] 9 8 ,fem99e ,mon>*y1 t que5s produce que5s only1 & t ! common bees are ! mo!rs ( common bees4 ,b all ^! fanciful notions mu/ yield to ! cle> & decisive exp]im5ts ( ,hub]1 :o has satisfactorily %[n t ! que5 is ! g5]al "m ( all2 he has also resolv$ ! causes ( =m] mi/ak5 op9ions4 ,_m api>ians h f\nd a difficulty 9 admitt+ ! !ory ( ,hub]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! v great disproportion 9 ! numb] ( ! sexes1 !re be+ only "o female to sev]al hundr$ males1 & "o impregnation be+1 9 8 op9ion1 all t is requir$ to f]tilize myriads ( eggs4 ,! numb] ( drones may be consid]$ z 9 accordance1 9 "s degree1 ) ! g5]al pr(usion ( nature3 we f9d h] ab\nd+ ) sup]num]>ies 9 a great v>iety ( in/ances1 9 ! blossoms ( trees & fl[]s1 z well z 9 ! relative numb] ( "o sex to ! o!r among animals4 ,hub] conceives t x 0 necess>y !re %\ld be a great numb] ( drones1 t ! que5 might be sure ( f9d+ "o1 9 h] excursion ?r\gh ! expanse ( ! atmosph]e1 & run no risk ( /]ility4 ,9 page #bf ,i h /at$ ! op9ion ( ,mr4 ,dobbs1 t a que5 has int]c\rse ) sev]al drones2 & :at ,i h also /at$ ^u ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,hunt]1 9 page #cd1 ) respect to ! silk-mo? & o!r insects1 gives c\nt5ance to t op9ion3 nor d ,i see its inconsi/5cy ) ! discov]y made by ,hub]4 ,?\gh !re is reason to believe t ! act proves fatal to "o devot$ drone1 yet ^? t are s =tunate z to obta9 ! fir/ fav\rs ( h] maje/y1 may escape un9jur$4 ,if ! conjecture :i* ,i h ?us haz>d$ be correct1 x w appe> less surpris+ t s _m drones %\ld be br\ght into exi/5ce4 ,! que5 beg9s to lay h] eggs z soon z a few portions ( comb are completely =m$4 ,by ! "t t combs five or six in*es squ>e are con/ruct$1 eggs1 honey & bee-bread w be f\nd 9 !m4 ,hub] /ates t ! lay+ usually comm5ces =ty-six h\rs aft] ! int]c\rse ) ! male2 & t dur+ ! elev5 succe$+ mon?s1 ! eggs ( work]s only are laid2 aft] :i* a consid]able & un9t]rupt$ lay+ ( drones' eggs comm5ces4 ,?is p]iod may be ret>d$ by ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e4 ,hub] relates an in/ance :]e1 ! wea!r hav+ become sudd5ly cold1 aft] an impregnation :i* took place on ! #ca/ ( ,octob]1 t que5 did n lay till ! ,m>* foll[+4 ,! effects ( ret>dation w be notic$ pres5tly4 ,tw5ty days aft] ! que5 has begun to lay ! eggs ( drones1 ! work+ bees1 says ,hub]1 con/ruct ! royal cells1 9 :i* ! que5s1 )\t discont9u+ ! lay+ ( male eggs1 deposit1 at ! int]val ( "o1 two or ?ree days1 ^? eggs f :i* ! que5s are successively to spr+4 ,?is lay+ ( ! eggs ( drones1 :i* is call$ ! great lay+1 usually happ5s 9 ,may4 ,!re seems to be a secret relation betwe5 ! production ( ^! eggs1 & ! con/ruction ( royal cells3 ! lay+ commonly la/s ?irty days1 & regul>ly on ! #bj? or #ba/ day1 z has be5 already obs]v$1 royal cells are f\nd$4 ,:5 ! l>v1 hat*$ f ! eggs laid by ! que5 9 ! royal cells1 are ready to be trans=m$ to nymphs1 ?is que5 leaves ! hive1 conduct+ a sw>m along ) h]4 ,a sw>m is always l$ (f by a s+le que52 & ,hub] rem>ks t x 0 necess>y = in/9ct to impel ! old que5 to lead =? ! fir/ sw>m2 =1 be+ ! /ronge/1 %e w\ld nev] fail to ov]?r[ ! y\ng] competitors = ! ?rone1 ne> :i* ! jeal\s ,semiramis ( ! hive w be> no rival4 ,! que51 hav+ f9i%$ h] lay+ ( male eggs & ( royal eggs1 prior to h] quitt+ ! old hive1 is ready to comm5ce1 9 ! new "o1 ) ! lay+ ( work]s' eggs1 work]s be+ fir/ ne$$1 9 ord] to secure ! cont9uance & prosp]ity ( ! newly f\nd$ commonweal?4 ,! bees t rema9 9 ! old hive take p>ticul> c>e ( ! royal cells1 & prev5t ! "y que5s1 successively hat*$1 f leav+ !m1 except at an int]val ( sev]al days f ea* dep>ture4 ,b ,i h already adv]t$ to _! mode ( proce$+ on ^! occasions4 ,vide page #ag4 ,! law ( primog5iture is always /rictly obs]v$ t[>ds ^! royal insects1 ! fir/-born or pr9cess-royal be+ always select$ to g (f ) ! second sw>m1 or to reign ov] ! p>5t /ock1 z ! case may be2 & s on ) respect to ! ?ird & f\r?1 or :atev] numb] may issue4 ,x is rem>kable t a que5 seldom1 if ev]1 leads =? a sw>m1 except !re be sun%9e & calm air4 ,su* a f]m5t occasionally rages 9 ! hives1 z soon z ! "y que5s are hat*$1 t ,hub] has (t5 obs]v$ ! !rmomet] plac$ 9 ! hive1 rise sudd5ly f ab\t #ib to above #ajd ,fahr5heit4 ,?is suffocat+ heat he consid]s z "o ( ! means employ$ by nature = urg+ ! bees to g (f 9 sw>ms4 ,9 w>m wea!r "o /rong hive has be5 kn[n to s5d (f f\r sw>ms 9 #ah days4 ,vide ,*ap4 ,,xiii4 ,accord+ to ,hub]1 ! que5 ord9>ily lays ab\t #ab1jjj eggs 9 two mon?s1 "o impregnation s]v+1 z has be5 be=e /at$1 = ! :ole complem5t ( eggs1 ( e description1 :i* %e lays dur+ two ye>s at lea/4 ,x is n to be suppos$ t %e lays at ! rate ( #ab1jjj eggs e two mon?s1 b %e does s at ! pr9cipal lay+ 9 ,april & ,may3 !re is also ano!r great lay+ 9 ,augu/4 ,e>ly 9 ,novemb] ! lay+ usually ceases4 ,reaumur /ates ! numb] ( eggs laid by a que5 9 two mon?s at d\ble ! am\nt ( ,hub]'s calculation2 viz4 #bjj a day1 on an av]age4 ,?is v>iation may h aris5 f v>iety ( climate1 season1 or o!r circum/ances4 ,a mod]ate sw>m has be5 calculat$ to consi/ ( f #ab1jjj to #bj1jjj1 :i* is ab\t a two mon?s' lay+4 ,s*ira* says t a s+le que5 w lay f #gj1jjj to #ajj1jjj eggs 9 a season4 ,?is s\nds l a great numb]2 b x is greatly exce$$ by "s o!r insects4 ,! female ( ! :ite ant extrudes n less ?an #fj eggs 9 a m9ute1 :i* gives #cfjj 9 an h\r1 #hf1djj 9 a day1 #b1dai1bjj 9 a lun> mon?1 & ! enorm\s numb] ( #baa1ddi1fjj 9 a ye>4 ,?\gh %e does n lay all ! ye> probably1 yet1 sett+ ! p]iod z l[ z possible1 h] eggs w exce$ ! numb] produc$ by any o!r kn[n animal 9 creation4 ,if ! impregnation ( a que5 be by any means ret>d$ beyond ! #bj? or #ba/ day ( h] life1 a v extraord9>y consequ5ce ensues4 ,in/ead ( fir/ lay+ ! eggs ( work]s1 & ^? ( drones1 at ! usual p]iod aft]w>ds1 %e beg9s f ! #de? h\r to lay ! latt]1 & lays no o!r k9d dur+ h] :ole life4 ,x %\ld seem z if ! rudim5ts ( ! work]s' eggs )]$ 9 ! oviducts1 b )\t ob/ruct+ ! passage ( ! drones' eggs4 ,! only kn[n fact analog\s to ?is is ! /ate ( c]ta9 vegetable se$s1 :i* lose ! faculty ( g]m9ation f age1 :atev] c>e may h be5 tak5 to pres]ve !m4 ,?is ret>dation seems to h a s+ul> effect ^u ! :ole animal conomy ( ! que54 ,! bodies ( ^? que5s1 says ,hub]1 ^: impregnation has be5 ret>d$1 are %ort] ?an common2 ! extremities rema9 sl5d]1 :il/ ! fir/ two r+s1 next ! ?orax1 are uncommonly swoll54 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! %ort5+ ( _! bodies1 _! eggs are frequ5tly laid on ! sides ( ! cells1 ow+ probably to _! n be+ able to rea* ! bottom2 ! difficulty is also increas$ by ! two swoll5 r+s4 ,9 ^! cases ( ret>d$ impregnation & exclusive lay+ ( drones' eggs1 ! prosp]ity ( ! hive soon t]m9ates2 g5]ally be=e ! end ( ! que5's lay+4 ,! work]s receiv+ no addition to _! numb]1 b on ! contr>y1 f9d+ !mselves ov]:elm$ ) drones1 sacrifice _! que5 & ab&on ! hive4 ,^! ret>d$ que5s seem to h _! in/9cts impair$2 = !y deposit _! eggs indiscrim9ately 9 ! cells1 :e!r orig9ally int5d$ = drones or = work]s1--a circum/ance :i* mat]ially affects ! size ( ! drones t are re>$ 9 !m4 ,!re are n want+ in/ances ( royal cells be+ occupi$ by !m1 & ( ! work]s be+ !reby s completely deceiv$ z to pay ! t5ants1 9 all respects1 ! hon\rs ( royalty4 ,?is circum/ance appe>s ! m extraord9>y1 s9ce x has be5 asc]ta9$ t :5 eggs h be5 ?us inappropriately deposit$1 by f]tile work]s1 !y are uni=mly de/roy$ a few days aft]w>ds1 ?\gh = a %ort "t !y receive due att5tion4 ,! work]s h be5 suppos$ by "s api>ians to transport ! eggs f place to place2--if ev] su* 7 ! case1 ?is w\ld seem to be an occasion call+ = ! practice3 on ! contr>y1 in/ead ( remov+ ! eggs f ! sides to ! bottoms ( ! cells1 = ! sake ( bett] accommodation1 ?is object is accompli%$ by _! l5g!n+ ! cells1 & advanc+ !m two l9es beyond ! surface ( ! combs4 ,?is proce$+ af=ds pretty good evid5ce t ! transportation ( eggs =ms no "p ( ! work]s' occupation4 ,x is /ill fur!r prov$ by _! eat+ any work]s' eggs1 t a que5 may1 at any "t1 be =c$ to deposit 9 drones' cells1 or drop at r&om 9 o!r p>ts ( ! hive2 a circum/ance :i* escap$ ! notice ( =m] naturali/s1 & misl$ !m 9 _! op9ion respect+ transportation4 ,a some:at simil> circum/ance 0 notic$ by ,mr4 ,dunb> 9 8 mirror hive4 7,= an acc\nt ( ?is hive see ,*ap4 ,x47 ,mr4 ,dunb> obs]v$ t :5ev] ! que5 dropp$ h] eggs c>elessly1 !y 7 eag]ly dev\r$ by ! work]s4 ,n[ if transportation =m$ a "p ( _! employm5t1 !y w\ld 9 ^! cases1 in/ead ( eat+ ! eggs1 h deposit$ !m 9 _! appropriate cells4 ,x seems v evid5t !re=e t ! prop] disposition ( ! eggs is left entirely to ! in/9ct ( ! que5s4 ,! work]s hav+ be5 se5 to run away ) ! eggs1 9 ord] to dev\r !m1 9 all probability gave bir? to ! mi/ak5 notion t !y 7 remov+ !m to _! "r cells4 ,among humble-bees1 !re is a disposition1 among ! work]s1 to eat ! eggs1 :i* ext5ds ev5 to ^? t are laid 9 prop] cells1 :]e ! que5s (t5 h to cont5d = _! pres]vation4 ,aft] ! season ( sw>m+1 viz4 t[>ds ! end ( ,july1 z is well kn[n1 a g5]al massacre ( ! drones takes place4 ,! bus9ess ( fecundation be+ n[ complet$1 !y are reg>d$ z useless consum]s ( ! fruits ( o!rs lab\r1 fruges consum]e nati2 love is at once conv]t$ into furi\s hate1 & a g5]al proscription takes place4 ,! un=tunate victims evid5tly p]ceive _! dang]2 = !y are nev]1 at ?is "t1 se5 re/+ 9 "o place1 b d>t+ 9 or out ( ! hive1 ) ! utmo/ precipitation1 z if 9 fe> ( be+ seiz$4 ,_! de/ruction has be5 g5]ally suppos$ to be effect$ by ! work]s h>ass+ !m till !y quit ! hive3 ?is 0 ! op9ion ( ,mr4 ,hunt]1 :o says ! work]s p9* !m to & fro1 )\t /++ !m1 & he consid]s _! dea? z a natural r ?an an untimely "o4 ,9 ?is ,bonnet seems to agree ) ,mr4 ,hunt]4 ,b ,hub] has obs]v$ t _! de/ruction is effect$ by ! /+s ( ! work]s3 he asc]ta9$ ?is by plac+ 8 hives ^u a glass table1 z w be /at$ "u ! anatomy ( ! bee1 article ,/+4 ,reaumur seems to h be5 aw>e ( ?is1 = he has rem>k$ t not)/&+ ! sup]iority :i* ! drones seem to h f _! bulk1 !y _c hold out aga9/ ! work]s1 :o are arm$ ) a poni>d :i* conveys poison into ! w\nds x makes4 ,! mom5t ?is =midable weapon has ent]$ _! bodies1 !y exp& _! w+s & expire4 ,?is sacrifice is n ! consequ5ce ( a bl9d indiscrim9at+ in/9ct1 = if a hive be depriv$ ( its que51 no massacre takes place1 ?\gh ! hotte/ p]secution rage 9 all ! surr\nd+ hives4 ,?is fact 0 obs]v$ by ,bonn]1 :o suppos$ ! drones to be pres]v$ = ! sake ( ! additional heat :i* !y w\ld g5]ate 9 ! hive dur+ w9t]2 b accord+ to ,hub]'s !ory1 !y are pres]v$ = ! purpose ( impregnat+ a new que54 ,! lives ( ! drones are also sp>$ 9 hives :i* possess f]tile work]s only1 b no prop] que51 & likewise 9 hives gov]n$ by a que5 ^: impregnation has be5 ret>d$2 b "u any o!r circum/ances ! drones all disappe> be=e w9t]4 ,n only all t h und]gone _! full trans=mations1 b e embryo1 9 :atev] p]iod ( its exi/5ce1 %>es ! same fate4 ,! work]s drag !m =? f ! cells1 & aft] suck+ ! fluid f _! bodies1 ca/ !m out ( ! hive4 ,9 all ^! respects ! hive-bees resemble wasps1 b ) ?is diff]5ce2 among ! latt]1 n only are ! males & ! male l>v de/roy$1 b all ! work]s & _! l>v1 7& ! v combs !mselves17 are involv$ 9 "o indiscrim9ate ru91 none rema9+ alive dur+ ! w9t] b ! que5s1 :i* lie dormant 9 v>i\s holes & corn]s till ! ensu+ spr+1--( c\rse )\t food1 = !y /ore none4 ,! importance ( de/roy+ ^! "m wasps 9 ! spr+ w be notic$ 9 ano!r place4 ,mori] 9 8 second j\rney ?r\gh ,p]sia 7page #ajj7 has record$ a fact1 :i*1 ?\gh x did n come "u 8 own imm$iate obs]vation1 0 relat$ to him by a p]son on ^: au?ority he c\ld place full reliance1 & :i* is directly ! rev]se ( :at ,i h /at$ respect+ bees4 ,x is1 t among ! locu/s1 :5 ! female has done lay+1 %e is surr\nd$ & kill$ by ! males4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,api>y4 ,! fir/ object ( consid]ation1 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( an api>y1 is situation4 ,! aspect has1 9 g5]al1 be5 reg>d$ z ( prime importance1 b ,i ?9k !re are o!r po9ts ( /ill great] importance4 ,an api>y w\ld n be well situat$ ne> a great riv]1 nor 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! sea1 z w9dy wea!r might :irl ! bees into ! wat] & de/roy !m4 ,x 0 ! op9ion ( ! anci5ts t bees1 9 w9dy wea!r1 c>ri$ weights1 to prev5t !m f be+ :iffl$ ab\t1 9 _! progress ?r\gh ! air3 ,virgil has obs]v$ t ,!y ) light pebbles1 l a balanc'd boat1 ,pois'd1 ?r\gh ! air on ev5 p9ions float4 ,so!by's ,georgics4 ,?is ass]tion1 :i* 0 probably borr[$ by ! poet f 8 pr$ecessor ,ari/otle1 & :i* has s9ce be5 repeat$ by ,pl9y1 is n[ asc]ta9$ to be errone\s4 ,! error has be5 notic$ by bo? ,swamm]dam & ,reaumur1 & ascrib$ by !m to prec$+ obs]v]s hav+ mi/ak5 ! mason bee = a hive-bee4 ,! =m] builds its ne/ aga9/ a wall1 ) a composition ( gravel1 s& & its own saliva1 & :5 freight$ ) ! =m] article1 may easily h l$ a c>eless obs]v] into ! errone\s op9ion above allud$ to4 ,f a simil> inaccuracy ( obs]vation1 x is probable t flies 7 conf\nd$ ) bees by anci5t naturali/s1 & t f !nce arose ! absurd notion1 ( ! latt] be+ g5]at$ 9 putrid c>cases1 z we "k ! =m] to be2 & ?is error 0 mo/ likely confirm$ by _! hav+ f\nd bo? honey & bees 9 ! c>cases ( dead animals1 z record$ 9 ! case ( ,samson4 ,?\gh1 = ! reasons above /at$1 an api>y w\ld n be well situat$ ne> a l>ge riv]1 yet x %\ld n be f> f a rivulet or spr+3 small ones1 t glide g5tly ov] pebbles1 are ! mo/ desirable1 z af=d+ a v>iety ( re/+ places = ! bees to alight ^u4 ,if nei!r spr+ nor /reamlet be ne>1 a broad di% ( wat] %\ld be plac$ = ! bees1 ! bottom be+ cov]$ ) small /ones or duckwe$1 to facilitate _! dr9k+ & prev5t dr[n+4 ,?is1 9 a hot dry season1 is ( consid]able importance1 z x w save t "t1 :i* mu/ o!rwise be sp5t1 9 fet*+ wat] f a di/ance2 = )\t wat]1 z w be notic$ h]eaft]1 no wax c be =m$4 ,x is ( c\rse ( ! greate/ importance t ! api>y be situat$ ne> to good pa/urage1 su* z clov]1 sa9tfo91 buck:eat1 c4--bett] /ill if 9 a g>d5 well /ock$ ) suitable plants4 ,x %\ld be ne> ! resid5ce ( ! proprietor1 z well = ! purpose ( r5d]+ ! bees tractable & well acqua9t$ ) ! family1 z = af=d+ a good view ( _! g5]al proce$+s2 if x be s situat$ t its front may =m a "r angle ) ! w9d[ ( ! family sitt+-room1 an easy opportunity w be af=d$ to wat* ! bu/le ( sw>m+4 ,an out-door api>y %\ld admit ( be+ approa*$ at ! back "p1 to give an opportunity ( mak+ obs]vations on ! proce$+s ( ! bees1 or to p]=m any requisite op]ation ^u !m4 ,! hives %\ld be plac$ ^u sep>ate /&s1 support$ by s+le po/s or p$e/als1 be rais$ f sixte5 in*es to two feet above ! gr\nd1 & be ?ree or f\r feet f ea* o!r2 & !y %\ld /& q cle> ( any wall or f5ce4 ,! re/+-bo>ds %\ld project sev]al in*es 9 front ( ! hives1 t ! bees may h pl5ty ( room to alight1 :5 !y return home load$ f ! fields1 & %\ld be screw$ d[n firmly to ! tops ( ! /&s1 t ! hives may n be ov]turn$ by high w9ds or o!r accid5ts4 ,!y %\ld be free f ! dropp+s ( trees1 f noisome smells & disagreeable noises2 & be gu>d$ z mu* z possible f ! extremes ( heat & cold4 ,mo/ api>ians are agre$ t ! aspect ( ! api>y %\ld1 9 ?is c\ntry1 be m or less s\!rly1 & t x %\ld be well secur$ f ! nor? & s\?-we/1 by trees1 high h$ges1 or o!r f5ces2 ?is is ! op9ion ( ,wildman1 ,keys1 & ,hui%2 ,bonn]1 h[ev]1 pref]s an ea/]ly aspect2 ,hui% recomm5ds two po9ts to ! ea/ & "o to ! s\?4 ,wildman pref]r$ a s\?-we/ aspect1 z n tempt+ ! lab\r]s to em]ge too e>ly1 & z af=d+ a lat] light = _! return home 9 ! ev5+4 ,skre5'd f ! ea/2 :]e no delusive dawn ,*ills1 :ile x tempts !m o'er ! dew damp lawn1 ,b1 z on load$ w+1 ! lab\r]s roam1 ,sol's la/ bright glories light !m to _! home4 ,evans4 ,milton says3 ,x is n mat]ial 9 :at aspect ! /ock /&s1 provid$ ! sun %9es on ! hive once 9 ! c\rse ( ! day1 = t well-peopl$ hives1 kept dry1 w ?rive 9 mo/ situations4 ,& provid$ due att5tion be paid to o!r circum/ances calculat$ to promote _! prosp]ity1 ,i co9cide 9 op9ion ) ,milton4 ,"s recomm5d a valley or holl[ gl51 = ! conv5i5ce ( ! bees return+ home ) _! loads4 ,at any rate c>e %\ld be tak5 t no walls1 trees1 h\ses1 nor any?+ else1 imp$e ! issu+ =? ( ! bees to _! pa/urage1 nor ob/ruct _! return 9 "r l9es to ! hives4 ,!y %\ld be able to fly (f f ! re/+-bo>ds at an angle ( ab\t =ty degrees ) ! plane ( ! horizon4 ,to ^? :o1 resid+ 9 t[ns1 may consid] x z indisp5sable to ! success ( an api>y1 t x %\ld be 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( good pa/urage1 & be !reby det]r$ f b5efit+ & amus+ !mselves by keep+ bees2 x may be satisfactory to le>n1 t ! api>y ( ! celebrat$ ,bonn] 0 situat$ 9 a g>ret1 9 ! c5tre ( ,glasg[1 :]e x fl\ri%$ = sev]al ye>s1 & furni%$ him ) ! means ( mak+ _m int]e/+ & valuable obs]vations1 :i* he gave to ! _w ab\t ?irty ye>s ago4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,bee-,,h\se4 ,no "o t c\ld af=d to pur*ase bee-boxes1 & to con/ruct a bee-h\se1 or to conv]t to t use "s build+ already con/ruct$1 w\ld hesitate1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 to give !m ! pref]5ce ov] common /raw-hives & an out-door api>y1 :e!r he look$ to ultimate pr(it or to pres5t conv5i5ce & security4 ,p]haps ,i _c give a bett] notion ( :at ,i consid] z ! mo/ eligible plan ( a bee-h\se1 ?an by describ+ ! con/ruction ( my own4 ,! :ole build+1 besides answ]+ ! purpose ( an api>y1 may be made subs]vi5t to o!r uses2--my own s]ves = /or+ potatoes4 ,! potatoe-cell> is sunk two ?irds ( its dep? 9 ! e>?1 & ! bee-h\se is rais$ ^u x1 hav+ a c\ple ( /eps up to ! door4 ,! dim5sions ( bo? are sev5 feet six in*es by six feet cle> )91 :i* af=ds room = five colonies4 ,! piles or /ories ( bee-boxes are plac$ 9 ! bee-h\se at some:at less ?an two feet ap>t1 s z to make ! ext]nal entrance to ea* pile respectively1 ab\t a y>d asund]4--,see ! plate :i* =ms ! frontispiece ( ?is "w4 ,on ! inside ( ! bee-h\se1 ! boxes 9 ! upp] r[ /& ab\t table height1 ^? 9 ! l[] r[1 ab\t six in*es above ! floor4 ,on ! outside1 ! entrances to ! upp] r[ are ab\t five feet1 ! entrances to ! l[] r[ ab\t ?ree feet f ! gr\nd4 ,! entrances ?r\gh ! wall may be cut 9 /one1 bricks or wood1 & %\ld be *amf]$ away on ! outside1 leav+ ! wall at ^? p>ts z ?9 z practicable1 & lett+ ! op5+ correspond 9 size ) ! outlets t are sunk 9 ! floor bo>ds to be h]eaft] describ$4 ,! potatoe-cell> is built ) bricks1 ! bee-h\se ( timb]1 la!d & pla/]$ )91 & ?at*$ on ! outside4 ,:]e ! bees ent] ! boxes1 two wood5 %elves or re/+-bo>ds are fix$1 two or ?ree in*es ?ick1 to prev5t w>p+2 !y ext5d ! :ole l5g? ( ! build+1 are ab\t a foot wide1 & re/ on cross pieces1 nail$ fa/ to ! uprights ) :i* ! bee-h\se is built3 ^! cross pieces ext5d also ab\t fifte5 in*es into ! bee-h\se1 :]e !y s]ve z support]s = ! %elves on :i* ! bee-boxes are plac$4 ,! re/+-bo>ds on ! outside are divid$1 by bricks on ! edge1 into sev]al comp>tm5ts1 z %[n 9 ! frontispiece2 ! bricks ext5d ! full wid? ( ! re/+ bo>d1 & all ! comp>tm5ts are slat$ ov]4 ,by ?is means ! entrances are well %elt]$1 & accommodation is af=d$ = ! bees1 :5 !y are at any "t driv5 home1 by /ress ( wea!r1 9 great] numb]s ?an c readily pass ?r\gh ! entrances into ! boxes2 = on ! approa* ( a /orm1 ! bees w sometimes return home f ! fields1 9 su* numb]s & ) su* precipitation1 z almo/ to block up ! entrances into ! hives4 ,! build+ is n only ?at*$ on ! top1 b d[n ! sides & ends1 z l[ z ! potatoe-cell>4 ,on t side :]e ! bees ent] ! boxes1 ! ?at* ( c\rse t]m9ates at ! top ( ! comp>tm5ts1 ov] :i* x is spread out s z to conceal ! slate cov]+s4 ,! floor ( ! bee-h\se is bo>d$ & ! potatoe-cell> is ceil$1 ! space betwe5 ! ceil+ & ! floor above be+ fill$ ) dry sawdu/4 ,! door may be situat$ :]e mo/ conv5i5t2 b ! w9d[ or w9d[s %\ld be at "o end or at bo? ends1 t ! light may fall sideways on ! bee-boxes1 & %\ld be made to op51 z 9 case ( any ( ! bees accid5tally gett+ into ! bee-h\se1 !y may be let out m conv5i5tly4 ,x is necess>y to h an extra entrance1 or r an extra outlet1 = dis*>g+ ! bees :5 ! "t ( deprivation arrives1 :i* w be h]eaft] expla9$4 ,my own outlet is plac$ 9 a l9e ) & betwe5 ! l[] ti] ( boxes4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,pa/urage4 ,x is ( ! fir/ importance to ! success ( an api>y1 t x %\ld be 9 a neighb\rhood :]e ! bees c be suppli$ ) an abundance ( good pa/urage1 z ^u t w dep5d ! fecundity ( ! que5 & ! h>ve/ ( wax & honey4 ,if ,dut* clov] 7,trifolium rep5s7 be nei!r gr[n abundantly by ! neighb\r+ f>m]s1 nor ! spontane\s gr[? ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 ! api>ian %\ld1 if possible1 crop "s gr\nd ) x himself1 z x is "o ( ! gr& s\rces f :i* bees collect _! honey 9 ! spr+1 & inde$ dur+ a consid]able portion ( ! pr9cipal ga!r+ season4 ,f ! value ( clov] 9 ?is respect1 "o species ( x 7,trifolium prat5se7 has acquir$ ! "n ( ,honey-suckle clov]4 ,yell[ trefoil also 7,m$icago lupul9a71 ?\gh n s great a fav\rite ) ! bees z ,dut* clov]1 is nev]!less a valuable pa/urage = !m1 9 consequ5ce ( its blossom+ e>li] ?an ! clov]4 ,?\gh ,i h made ,dut* clov] take prec$5ce ( e o!r bee pa/urage1--a prec$5ce :i* 9 ?is c\ntry at lea/ x is fairly entitl$ to1--yet x is by no means ! fir/ 9 ! ord] ( ! seasons4 ,fir/ ! gray will['s glossy pe>ls !y /eal4 ,or rob ! hazel ( its gold5 meal1 ,:ile ! gay crocus & ! violet blue ,yield to ! flexile trunk ambrosial dew4 ,evans ,! e>lie/ res\rces ( ! bee are ! will[1 ! hazel1 ! osi]1 ! popl>1 ! sycamore & ! plane1 all :i* are v important adjuncts to ! neighb\rhood ( an api>y4 ,! catk9s ( sev]al ( !m af=d an abundant supply ( f>9a1 & attract ! bees v /rongly 9 e>ly spr+ :5 ! wea!r is f9e4 ,mr4 ,kirby1 9 8 ,monographia ,apum ,angli1 consid]s ! female catk9s ( ! diff]5t species ( ,salix z af=d+ honey1 ! male ones1 poll54 ,to ^! may be add$ ! sn[drop1 ! crocus1 :ite alyssum1 lauru/9us1 c4 ,orange & lemon trees also1 & o!r gre5-h\se plants1 af=d excell5t honey1 & might be advantage\sly pres5t$ to ! bees at ?is season4 ,gooseb]ry1 currant & raspb]ry trees likewise1 ) sweet m>joram1 w9t] savory & pepp]m9t1 %\ld n be f> (f !m4 ,f ! e>ly blossom+ ( ! two fir/1 & f _! yield+ an extraord9>y quantity ( honey1 !y =m "s ( ! fir/ s\rces ( spr+ food = ! bees1 & 9 all probability furni% !m ) ! pale gre5 pellets1 !n se5 ^u _! ?ighs4 ,! pea*1 nect>9e1 c4 are also valuable1 on acc\nt ( _! blossom+ v e>ly4 ,apple & pe> trees1 :i* 9 ,worce/]%ire & ,h]e=d%ire1 dur+ sev]al weeks ( spr+1 seem to =m ,"o b\ndless blu%1 "o :ite empurpl$ %[] ,( m+l$ blossoms1 & give ^? c\nties ! appe>ance ( a p]fect p>adise1 may be said to con/itute a second c\rse = ! bees1 aft] _! e>li] spr+ fea/ on ! bloom ( ! currants1 gooseb]ries1 & all ! v>ieties ( wall fruit4 ,ald] buds & fl[]s are also p>ticul>ly grateful to bees2 ! =m] are said to af=d honey = six mon?s toge!r4 ,! maple & ! lime also af=d x = a consid]able "t4 ,dickson1 9 8 ,agriculture1 /ates t ! blossoms ( ! bean1 :i* are highly fragrant1 ?\gh af=d+ b a scanty supply ( honey1 are nev]!less frequ5t$ by cr[ds ( bees4 ,is ?is1 says ,dr4 ,evans1 an in/ance ( mi/ak5 in/9ct8 ,! "y spott$ leaves ( ! vet* 7,an?yllis vuln]>ia7 !y likewise ply cont9ually = ?ree mon?s toge!r1 z well z its fl[]s1 ev5 ?\gh v di/ant f _! homes4 ,! beans also :i* prove mo/ attractive to !m are ^? ) spott$ leaves4 ,f ! p>tiality ( ^! natural *emi/s = ! spott$ leaves ( ! vet* & bean1 ,i suspect t ! spott+ orig9ates f disease1 :i* causes ^? leaves to ?r[ out a honey$ secretion4 ,9 ?is op9ion ,i am /r5g!n$ by :at ,mr4 ,hubb>d has /at$1 9 a pap] pres5t$ to ! ,society ( ,arts = #agii1 respect+ papilionace\s plants4 ,x is n1 says he1 f ! fl[]1 b a small leaf1 ) a black spot on x1 :i*1 9 w>m wea!r1 keeps con/antly ooz+1 t ! bees ga!r _! honey4 ,mr4 ,hubb>d also assures u 9 ! same pap] t ! t>e 7,ervum hirsutum et tetrasp]mum7 is highly useful to bees2 & t sev]al acres1 s[n ne> 8 api>y1 o!rwise badly situat$1 r5d]$ x v productive4 ,turnips1 mu/>d1 & all ! cabbage tribe are also important auxili>ies2 _! culture is /rongly recomm5d$ by ,wildman1 z af=d+ spr+ food to ! bees4 ,9 ! autumn a field ( buck:eat becomes a v valuable res\rce = !m1 f its prolong$ succession ( bloom4 ,buck:eat fl[]s 9 bun*es1 :i* conta9 ripe se$s 9 "o "p1 :ile blossoms are b j op5+ 9 ano!r4 ,hub] has giv5 8 te/imony 9 fav\r ( ?is black gra91 & ,worlidge says t he has kn[n ! bees ( a v l>ge api>y fill ! combs ) honey 9 a =tnight1 9 consequ5ce ( be+ plac$ ne> a l>ge field ( buck:eat4 ,bees inde$ l to h e ?+ ^u a l>ge scale2 :ole fields ( clov]1 beans1 ! brassica tribe & buck:eat1 z has be5 j obs]v$1 attract+ !m mu* m /rongly ?an scatt]$ plants1 ?\gh af=d+ f9] honey1 su* z creep+ lemon ?yme1 mignonette1 c4 ,"s fl[]s !y pass by1 ?\gh yield+ a consid]able quantity ( honey3 ^? ( ! honey-suckle = in/ance1 ?\gh mu* frequ5t$ by ! humble-bee1 are nev] visit$ by ! hive-bee1 ! sup]ior l5g? ( ! proboscis ( ! =m] enabl+ x to collect :at is q out ( ! rea* ( ! latt]4 ,e fl[] ( ! trumpet honey-suckle 7,lonic]a semp]vir5s71 if sep>at$ f ! g]m51 aft] x is op51 w yield two or ?ree drops ( pure nect>4 ,9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,society ( ,arts = #aghi1 ,mr4 ,john4 ,lane speaks ( ! fondness ( bees = leek blossoms1 & says t he rais$ leeks ext5sively = _! use4 ,y\r bees w rejoice1 says ,mr4 ,isaac1 :5 !y see ! neighb\rhood v>iegat$ by ! blossoms ( sunfl[]s1 hollyhocks & ,spani% broom1 & ev5 ! d&elion1 :i* embelli%es ! g>d5 ( ! slugg>d4 ,dr4 ,evans obs]v$ t bees n only collect f>9a f ! num]\s assemblage ( an!rs 9 ! fl[] ( ! hollyhock1 b a balsamic v>ni% also1 7mo/ likely propolis17 f ! "y blossom buds1 & says he has se5 a bee re/ ^u ! same bud = t5 m9utes at lea/1 m\ld+ ! balsam ) its =e-feet & transf]r+ x to ! h9d] legs4 ,an elegant mod]n writ]1 speak+ ( ! fondness ( bees 9 g5]al = ! fl[]s ( ! hollyhock1 obs]ves t x has be5 held a gross libel ^u animals to say1 t a man has made a bea/ ( himself1 :5 he has drunk to su* excess z to lose 8 reason2 b we might )\t inju/ice say1 t he has made a humble-bee ( himself1 = ^? little debau*ees are p>ticul>ly prone to intoxication4 ,r\nd ! nect>ies ( hollyhocks1 y may g5]ally obs]ve a set ( det]m9$ top]s quaff+ z p]t9aci\sly z if !y belong$ to ,wilkes's club2 & r\nd ab\t ! fl[]1 7to foll[ up ! simile17 sev]al ( ! bon-vivants w be f\nd ly+ on ! gr\nd inebriat$ & ins5sible4 ,i h frequ5tly se5 ! gr\nd b5ea? "o ( my pe>-trees /rew$ ov] ) hive-bees & wasps1 9 a simil> /ate1 aft] !y _h banquet$ ^u ! ri* juices ( ! fall5 fruit4 ,mr4 ,kirby1 9 8 ,monographia ,apum ,angli1 obs]ves t ! male humble-bees1 :5 ! ?i/les are 9 bloom1 are (t5 se5 asleep or torpid ^u its fl[]s1 & sometimes act+ z if intoxicat$ ) ! sweets !y h be5 imbib+4 ,! holly1 ! privet1 phillyrea1 eld] & common bramble1 toge!r ) sweet f5nel1 na/urtiums & asp>agus1 are also mu* frequ5t$ by ! bees4 ,!y are likewise v p>tial to ! yell[ fl[]s ( ! cr[foot1 z well z to ! fl[]s ( ! dead nettle1 especially ! :ite4 ,! blossoms ( ! cucumb]1 g\rd & vegetable m>r[ also1 yield a consid]able quantity bo? ( honey & f>9a1 z d likewise ^? ( ! :ite lily4 ,apes /ate s]5 ,floribus insidunt v>iis1 et ,c&ida circum ,lilia funduntur4 ,virgil4 ,dr4 ,evans speaks ( ! ,cacalia or ,alp9e coltsfoot z af=d+ a great quantity ( honey1 ! sc5t ( :i* is (t5 diffus$ to a consid]able di/ance2 & ,dr4 ,d>w91 9 a note to 8 ,botanic ,g>d51 m5tions hav+ c\nt$ on "o ( ^? plants1 besides bees ( v>i\s k9ds1 upw>ds ( two hundr$ pa9t$ butt]flies1 :i* gave x ! appe>ance ( be+ load$ ) additional fl[]s4 ,:5 o'er h] nect>'d c\* papilios cr[d4 ,& bees 9 clu/]s hum _! plaudits l\d4 ,evans4 ,:at is x1 says ! anonym\s writ] :om ,i lately quot$1 t br+s ! bees buzz+ r\nd u s busily8 ,see1 x is ?is tuft ( coltsfoot1 :i* !y approa* ) a h>moni\s *orus1 some:at l ! ,non nobis1 ,dom9e1 ( our s+]s2 & aft] p>tak+ sil5tly ( ! luxuri\s banquet1 aga9 setup _! tuneful ,pans4 ,ornam5tal fl[]s1 su* z roses1 ranunculuses1 anemones1 p9ks & c>nations1 af=d little or no pabulum = bees1 & tulips are probably p]nici\s to !m1 dead bees be+ frequ5tly f\nd 9 _! fl[]s4 ,x w\ld be a great acquisition to ! bees to h ne> !m a l>ge plantation ( borage1 :i* af=ds peculi>ly delicate honey1 z does also vip]'s bugloss4 ,! =m] cont9ues bloom+ = _m mon?s1 &1 be>+ a p5dant fl[]1 x is n liable to be wa%$ by ra92 mignonette too1 if s[n abundantly1 is a plant ( consid]able importance to ! api>y1 & = a some:at simil> reason1--its cont9u+ 9 bloom till ! autumnal fro/s set 91 & its yield+ honey ( peculi> :it5ess & delicacy4 ,in/ances h be5 kn[n1 ( an abundant crop ( ^! two fl[]s af=d+ a l>ge supply ( honey to ! api>y1 ne> :i* !y 7 s[n1 :51 at ! same "t1 !re 0 a g5]al failure ( all ! neighb\r+ /ocks4 ,lemon ?yme %\ld be plant$ 9 e bee-g>d51 :]ev] room c be af=d$ = x3 x blossoms late1 7! beg9n+ ( ,augu/17 & af=ds v f9e flav\r$ honey4 ,x might be advantage\sly us$ z an edg+ = g>d5 walks & fl[]-b$s1 in/ead ( box2 "s use ?rift & daisies = ! same purpose4 ,box has ! "* ( giv+ honey a bitt] flav\r1 & ,pl9y has obs]v$ t ! ,romans1 9 lay+ tribute ^u ,corsica1 exact$ f ! inhabitants two hundr$ p\nds ( wax1 b :olly except$ honey1 on acc\nt ( its be+ flav\r$ by ! box-tree4 ,! common teasel 7,dipsacus sylve/ris7 %\ld h a place ne> e bee-h\se1 z x n only supplies honey f its ri* purple heads1 b yields a seasonable supply ( wat]1 9 ! cups =m$ by ! leaves at e jo9t ( ! /em1 :i* conta9 f a spoonful to half a p9t ( wat]4 ,?is conv5i5ce is /ill m effici5tly suppli$ by ! l>ge float+ leaves ( ! wat] lily1 :i* %\ld if practicable be introduc$ ne> e api>y4 ,z %\ld also ! great hairy will[-h]b 7,epilobium hirsutum71 a v ornam5tal ?\gh a v common plant1 gr[+ by ! sides ( rivulets4 ,furze1 broom1 hea? & sa9tfo91 are good neighb\rs to an api>y4 ,! blossoms ( furze s ab\nd ) honey z to be p]vad$ /rongly by ! sc5t ( x1 & ! broom has be5 extoll$ ev] s9ce ! days ( ,pl9y4 ,mr4 ,bradley speaks 9 ! highe/ t]ms ( its blossoms1 z af=d+ a great quantity ( honey2 b he greatly pref]s ! ,spani% broom1 & says t an acre ( x w\ld ma9ta9 t5 /ocks4 ,! culture ( sa9tfo9 z a bee-pa/ure is also well wor?y ( ! api>ian's att5tion 9 "s situations2 = ?\gh x fl\ri%es be/ 9 a calc>e\s soil1 x w ?rive 9 soils :i* are too poor ei!r = grass or tillage4 ,furze & broom are p>ticul>ly s]viceable on acc\nt ( _! blossom+ e>ly & long1 & ab\nd+ 9 f>9a4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! lat5ess ( its bloom makes ivy a v valuable res\rce = ! bees4 ,on a f9e day at ! end ( ,octob]1 among ! ivy-mantl$ t[]s ( an old ca/le1 ,i h he>d _! humm+ noise1 s l\d z sc>cely to be exce$$ by t :i* !y make1 among ! trees affect$ ) honey-dew1 9 summ]4 ,i %\ld h[ev] conceive t ! ivy blossom is pr9cipally s]viceable z af=d+ poll51 :i* ! bees probably w>eh\se1 = fe$+ ! "y l>v 9 ! ensu+ spr+4 ,mr4 ,hunt] recomm5ds ,/4 ,john's wort 7,hyp]icum p]=atum71 :i* also comes 9 late1 z a fav\rite plant = collect+ poll51 = w9t]'s /ore4 ,?is /or$ poll5 is us$ = fe$+ ! e>lie/ hat*$ l>v1 ?\gh x is evid5t t ! bees pref] fre% = ! purpose1 f _! collect+ x z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z possible1 & f ! quantity ( /or$ poll5 t is f\nd 9 e old hive4 ,commons surr\nd$ by woods are well kn[n to make an api>y productive1 ! commons ab\nd+ ) wild ?yme & v>i\s o!r fl[]s1 :i* ! scy! nev] t\*es2 & ! trees1 9 addition to _! f>9a1 af=d+ 9 "s seasons a pr(usion ( honey-dew4 ,! =w>dness & activity ( hives ?us situat$1 may1 9 "p1 be attribut$ to ! %elt]+ protection ( ! woods4 ,keys says he nev] obs]v$ bees to be p>ticul>ly fond ( ! wild ?yme4 ,9 ?is he is oppos$ to almo/ all ! au?ors :o h writt5 ^u ! subject4 ,!ophra/us1 ,pl9y1 ,v>ro1 ,columella1 & v>i\s o!r writ]s1 speak 9 ! highe/ t]ms ( x4 ,! ,abb ,b>!lemy speaks ?us ( bees4 ,^! insects are extremely p>tial to ,m\nt ,hymettus1 :i* !y h fill$ ) _! colonies1 & :i* is cov]$ almo/ e :]e ) wild ?yme & o!r odorif]\s plants2 b x is *iefly f ! excell5t ?yme ! ,m\nt produces1 t !y extract ^? preci\s sweets1 ) :i* !y compose a honey 9 high e/imation ?r\gh\t ,greece4 ,"h _! delici\s task ! f]v5t ,bees1 ,9 sw>m+ millions1 t5d3 ar\nd1 a?w>t1 ,?r\gh ! s(t air ! busy nations fly1 ,cl+ to ! bud1 &1 ) ins]t$ tube4 ,suck its pure ess5ce1 its e!real s\l2 ,& (t ) bold] w+1 !y so>+ d>e ,! purple hea?1 or :]e ! wild ?yme gr[s1 ,& yell[ load !m ) ! lusci\s spoil4 ,?omson ,t fl[]s imp>t a portion ( _! flav\r to honey1 seems to be g5]ally admitt$1 ?\gh probably n s mu* z "s h imag9$4 ,x is n to be suppos$ t ! bee conf9es itself1 9 ?is c\ntry at lea/1 to a few p>ticul> fl[]s1--x ranges ?r\gh a great v>iety2 excell5t honey has be5 produc$ :]e ! bees _h little access to any fl[]s b ^? ( nettles & o!r we$s4 ,/ill h[ev] ! balm ( ,pontus1 ! ?yme ( ,hymettus1 & ! rosem>y ( ,n>bonne1 are g5]ally suppos$1 f _! aromatic fl[]s1 to give its peculi> excell5ce to ! celebrat$ honey ( ^? places4 ,x %\ld seem !re=e t rosem>y might prove ( importance 9 ! neighb\rhood ( an api>y1 by improv+ ! quality & increas+ ! quantity ( honey 9 c]ta9 seasons1 viz4 if ! wea!r 7 v hot & dry1 :5 x blossom$2 = x nev] af=ds mu* honey 9 ?is c\ntry1 except+ 9 su* a season4 ,x blossoms ! e>lie/ ( aromatic h]bs1 & %\ld ( c\rse be plant$ 9 a s\!rn aspect4 ,hav+ said ?us mu* ^u ! p[] :i* fl[]s possess ( imp>t+ a peculi> flav\r to ! honey :i* is extract$ f !m1 ,i w n[ adv]t to :at has be5 /at$ relative to _! impregnat+ x ) delet]i\s qualities4 ,dur+ ! celebrat$ retreat ( ! t5 ?\s&1 z record$ by ,x5ophon 9 8 ,memorabilia1 ! soldi]s suck$ "s honey-combs 9 a place ne> ,trebizonde1 :]e 0 a great numb] ( bee-hives1 & 9 consequ5ce became intoxicat$1 & 7 attack$ ) vomit+ & purg+4 ,he /ates t !y did n recov] _! s5ses = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 nor _! /r5g? = ?ree or f\r days4 ,t\rne=t1 :5 travell+ 9 ,asia1 be>+ 9 m9d ?is acc\nt ( ,x5ophon1 0 v dilig5t 9 8 endeav\rs to asc]ta9 its tru?1 & _h good reason to be satisfi$ respect+ x4 ,he conclud$ t ! honey _h be5 extract$ f a %rub gr[+ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,trebizonde1 :i* is well kn[n to produce ! be=e-m5tion$ effects1 & ev5 to di/urb ! head by its od\r4 ,f 8 description & t ( o!rs1 ! plant f :i* ?is honey 0 extract$1 appe>s to be ! ,rhodod5dron ponticum or ,azalea pontica ( ,l9nu1 bo? ne>ly alli$ to ea* o!r1 & gr[+ abundantly 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,! smell resembles honey-suckle1 b is mu* /rong]4 ,fa!r ,lamb]ti confirms ,x5ophon's acc\nt1 by /at+ simil> effects to h be5 produc$ by ! honey ( ,col*is or ,m+relia1 :]e ?is %rub is also common4 ,dr4 ,d>w91 9 8 ,temple ( ,nature1 /ates t "s plants af=d a honey :i* is intoxicat+ & poison\s to man1 & t :at is af=d$ by o!rs is s injuri\s to ! bees !mselves1 t sometimes !y w n collect x4 ,& ,dr4 ,b>ton1 9 ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,transactions1 has /at$ t1 9 ! autumn & w9t] ( #agij1 ! honey collect$ ne> ,philadelphia prov$ fatal to _m1 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 a m9ute inquiry 0 in/itut$ "u ! direction ( ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t1 :5 x 0 asc]ta9$ satisfactorily1 t ! fatal honey _h be5 *iefly extract$ f ! fl[]s ( ! ,kalmia latifolia4 ,/ill m rec5tly1 two p]sons at ,new ,york are said to h lo/ _! lives by eat+ wild honey1 :i* 0 suppos$ to h be5 ga!r$ f ! fl[]s ( ! dw>f laurel1 a ?riv+ %rub 9 ! ,am]ican woods4 ,i %all resume ?is subject 9 ,*ap4 #bd1 on ,bee-maladies4 ,x appe>s also t at ! "t ( ! inquiry set on foot by ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t1 simil> fatal consequ5ces 7 produc$ among ^? :o _h eat5 ! common ,am]ican pheasant1 :i*1 on exam9ation1 0 f\nd to arise f ! pheasants hav+ f$ ^u ! leaves ( ! same plant ,kalmia latifolia4 ,?is l$ to a public proclamation prohibit+ ! use ( ! pheasant = food dur+ t season4 ,z mo/ ( ! plants "h enum]at$ are n[ introduc$ into our g>d5s1 !y might be suppos$ to injure ! ,briti% honey4 ,mo/ probably1 h[ev]1 _! proportion to ! :ole ( ! fl[]s 9 bloom is too small to produce any su* inconv5i5ce2 :]eas on _! native cont95t !y exclusively cov] :ole tracts ( c\ntry4 ,i _c close ?is *apt] on ,bee-,pa/urage1 )\t adv]t+ to :at ,l9nu has said ( ! ,fritill>ia imp]ialis or cr[n imp]ial1 & ( ! ,melian?us or honey-fl[]4 ,( ! =m]1 he obs]ves t no plant1 melian?us alone except$1 ab\nds s mu* ) honey1 yet ! bees d n collect x4 ,( ! latt] he rem>ks t if x be %ak51 :il/ 9 fl[]1 x di/ils a %[] ( nect>4 ,?is obs]vation applies m p>ticul>ly to ! ,melian?us major4 ,& ) respect to ! ,fritill>ia1 ,dr4 ,evans says1 t ! bees d sometimes visit x2 & he ?9ks t !y w\ld d s (t5]1 b = ! disagreeable fox-l smell t emanates f x4 ,! liquidamb> & liriod5drum1 or tulip-tree1 bo? :i* are s ornam5tal1 ! =m] to our %rubb]ies & ! latt] to l>g] plantations1 h be5 mu* extoll$1 z af=d+ food = bees4 ,! liquidamb> be>s bright saffron-col\r$ fl[]s1 & highly p]fum$ & glossy leaves1 & its :ole r9d exudes a fragrant gum4 ,! liriod5drum is cr[n$ ) l>ge bell-%ap$ blossoms1 ( e ra9b[ hue1 :i* give x a v spl5did appe>ance4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,honey-,,dew4 ,! t]m honey-dew is appli$ to ^? sweet clammy drops t glitt] on ! foliage ( _m trees 9 hot wea!r4 ,! "n ( ?is sub/ance w\ld seem to import1 t x is a deposition f ! atmosph]e1 & ?is has be5 ! g5]ally receiv$ op9ion respect+ x1 p>ticul>ly among ! anci5ts2 x is an op9ion /ill preval5t among ! husb&m51 :o suppose x to fall f ! heav5s3 ,virgil speaks ( ,arii mellis cle/ia dona3 & ,pl9y expresses 8 d\bts1 sive ille e/ cli sudor1 sive qudam sid]um saliva1 sive purgantis se aris succus4 ,! ,rev4 ,gilb]t ,:ite1 9 8 ,naturali/'s ,cal5d>1 reg>ds honey-dew z ! effluvia ( fl[]s1 evaporat$ & drawn up into ! atmosph]e by ! heat ( ! wea!r1 & fall+ d[n aga9 9 ! night ) ! dews t entangle !m4 ,b if ?is 7 ! case1 ! fall w\ld be indiscrim9ate1 & we %\ld n h x conf9$ to p>ticul> trees & %rubs1 nor w\ld x be f\nd ^u gre5-h\se & o!r cov]$ plants4 ,"s naturali/s h reg>d$ honey-dew z an exudation or secretion f ! surface ( ^? leaves ^u :i* x is f\nd1 produc$ by "s atmosph]ic /roke1 :i* has injur$ _! heal?4 ,dr4 ,d>w9 /&s 9 ?is class4 ,o!rs h view$ x z a k9d ( vegetable p]spiration1 :i* ! trees emit = _! relief 9 sultry wea!r2 its appe>ance be+ nev] obs]v$ 9 a cold ung5ial summ]4 ,dr4 ,evans is ( ?is op9ion1 & makes ! foll[+ comp>ative rem>k3 ,z ! glut9\s sweat ( ! negro enables him to be> ! f]v\rs ( 8 native clime1 f> bett] ?an ! lymph-p]spir+ ,european2 s ! sac*>9e dew ( ! orange1 & ! fragrant gum ( ! ,cretan ci/us1 may pres]ve !m amid/ ! heats ev5 ( ! torrid zone4 ,mr4 ,curtis has giv5 x z 8 op9ion t ! honey-dew is an excrem5titi\s matt]1 void$ by ! aphis or v9e-frett]1 an insect :i* he reg>ds z ! g5]al cause ( :at are call$ blights4 ,he assures u t he nev]1 9 a s+le in/ance1 obs]v$ ! honey-dew unatt5d$ ) aphids4 ,i believe x w be f\nd t !re are at lea/ two sorts ( honey-dew2 ! "o a secretion f ! surface ( ! leaf1 occasion$ by "o ( ! causes j allud$ to1 ! o!r a deposition f ! body ( ! aphis4 ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smi? obs]ves ( ! s5sible p]spiration ( plants1 t :5 wat]y1 x c be consid]$ only z a cond5sation ( _! ins5sible evaporation1 p]haps f "s sudd5 *ange 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,groves ( popl> or will[ exhibit ?is ph5om5on1 ev5 9 ,engl&1 9 hot calm wea!r1 :5 drops ( cle> wat] trickle f _! leaves1 l a slight %[] ( ra94 ,sometimes ?is secretion is ( a sac*>9e nature1 z ,de la ,hire obs]v$ 9 orange trees4 ,x is some:at glut9\s 9 ! tilia or lime-tree1 r res9\s 9 popl>s1 z well z 9 ,ci/us creticus4 ,ovid has made an elegant use ( ! res9\s exudations ( ,lomb>dy popl>s1 :i* he supposes to be ! te>s ( ,phaton's si/]s1 :o 7 trans=m$ into ^? trees4 ,su* exudations mu/ be consid]$ z effusions ( ! peculi> secretions2 = x has be5 obs]v$ t manna may be scrap$ f ! leaves ( ,frax9us ornus1 z well z be procur$ f its /em by incision4 ,!y are (t5 p]haps a sign ( unheal?9ess 9 ! plant2 at lea/ su* appe>s to be ! nature ( "o k9d ( honey-dew1 f\nd 9 p>ticul> ^u ! bee*1 :i*1 9 consequ5ce ( an unfav\rable w9d1 has its leaves (t5 cov]$ ) a sweet exudation1 simil> 9 flav\r to ! liquor obta9$ f its trunk4 ,s likewise ! hop1 accord+ to ,l9nu1 is affect$ ) ! honey-dew1 & its fl[]s are r5d]$ abortive1 9 consequ5ce ( ! attacks ( ! cat]pill> ( ! ,gho/ mo? 7,phalna ,humuli7 ^u its roots4 ,9 su* case ! sac*>9e exudation mu/ decid$ly be ( a morbid nature4 ,! o!r k9d ( honey-dew :i* is d]iv$ f ! aphis1 appe>s to be ! fav\rite food ( ants1 & is ?us spok5 ( by ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 9 _! late valuable ,introduction to ,entomology4 ,! loves ( ! ants & ! aphides h long be5 celebrat$2 & t !re is a connexion betwe5 !m y may at any "t 9 ! prop] season1 conv9ce y\rself2 = y w always f9d ! =m] v busy on ^? trees & plants on :i* ! latt] ab\nd2 & if y exam9e m closely1 y w discov] t ! object ( ! ants1 9 ?us att5d+ ^u ! aphides1 is to obta9 ! sac*>9e fluid secret$ by !m1 :i* may well be d5om9at$ _! milk4 ,?is fluid1 :i* is sc>cely inf]ior to honey 9 sweetness1 issues 9 limpid drops f ! abdom5 ( ^! insects1 n only by ! ord9>y passage1 b also by two seti=m tubes plac$1 "o on ea* side1 j above x4 ,_! suck] be+ ins]t$ 9 ! t5d] b>k1 is )\t int]mission employ$ 9 absorb+ ! sap1 :i*1 aft] x has pass$ ?r\gh ! sy/em1 !y keep cont9ually dis*>g+ by ^! organs4 ,:5 no ants att5d !m1 by a c]ta9 j]k ( ! body1 :i* takes place at regul> int]vals1 !y ejaculate x to a di/ance4 ,! p[] ( eject+ ! fluid f _! bodies1 seems to h be5 wisely in/itut$ to pres]ve cleanl9ess 9 ea* individual fly1 & inde$ = ! pres]vation ( ! :ole family2 = press+ z !y d ^u "o ano!r1 !y w\ld o!rwise soon be glu$ toge!r1 & r5d]$ incapable ( /irr+4 ,:5 ! ants are at h&1 wat*+ ! mom5t at :i* ! aphides emit _! fluid1 !y seize & suck x d[n imm$iately3 ?is h[ev] is ! lea/ ( _! tal5ts2 = ! ants absolutely possess ! art ( mak+ ! aphides yield x at _! pleasure2 or 9 o!r words ( milk+ !m4 ,! ant asc5ds ! tree1 says ,l9nu1 t x may milk its c[s ! aphides1 n kill !m4 ,hub] in=ms u t ! liquor is volunt>ily giv5 out by ! aphis1 :5 solicit$ by ! ant1 ! latt] tapp+ ! aphis g5tly1 b repeat$ly ) its ant5n1 & us+ ! same motions z :5 c>ess+ its own "y4 ,he ?9ks1 :5 ! ants are n at h& to receive x1 t ! aphis reta9s ! liquor = a long] "t1 & yields x freely & app>5tly )\t ! lea/ detrim5t to itself1 = ev5 :5 x has acquir$ w+s1 x %[s no disposition to escape4 ,a s+le aphis supplies _m ants ) a pl5tiful meal4 ,! ants occasionally =m an e/abli%m5t = _! aphides1 con/ruct+ a build+ 9 a secure place1 at a di/ance f _! own city1 to :i*1 aft] =tify+ x1 !y transport ^? insects1 & conf9e !m "u a gu>d1 l c[s ^u a dairy f>m1 to supply ! wants ( ! metropolis4 ,! aphides are provid$ ) a holl[ po9t$ proboscis1 fold$ "u ! brea/1 :5 ! insects are n fe$+1 ) :i* in/rum5t !y puncture ! turgid vessels ( ! leaf1 leaf-/alk or b>k1 & suck ) great avidity _! cont5ts1 :i* are expell$ ne>ly un*ang$1 s t h[ev] fabul\s x may appe>1 !y may lit]ally be said to void a liquid sug>4 ,on look+ /eadfa/ly at a gr\p ( ^! insects 7,aphides ,salicis7 :ile fe$+ on ! b>k ( ! will[1 _! sup]ior size enables u to p]ceive "s ( !m elevat+ _! bodies & emitt+ a transp>5t sub/ance 9 ! =m ( a small %[]4 ,nor scorn ye n[1 fond elves1 ! foliage se>1 ,:5 ! light aphids1 arm'd ) puny spe>4 ,probe ea* emulg5t ve9 till bright bel[ ,l fall+ />s1 cle> drops ( nect> gl[4 ,evans4 ,! will[ accommodates ! bees 9 a k9d ( ?reefold succession1 ! f>9a ( ! fl[]s yield+ spr+ food = _! "y1--! b>k giv+ out propolis = seal+ ! hives ( fre% sw>ms1--& ! leaves %9+ ) honey-dew 9 ! mid/ ( summ] sc>city4 ,b to return to ! aphides4 ,^! insects may also be se5 di/9ctly1 ) a /rong magnifi]1 on ! leaves ( ! hazel1 lime1 c4 b inv>iably on ! inf]ior surface1 pi]c+ ! vessels1 & expell+ ! honey-dew f _! h9d] p>ts ) consid]able =ce4 ,^! might easily h escap$ ! obs]vation ( ! e>li] philosoph]s1 be+ usually conceal$ )9 ! curl ( ! leaves t are punctur$4 ,! drops t are spurt$ out1 unless int]cept$ by ! surr\nd+ foliage1 or "s o!r int]pos+ body1 fall ^u ! gr\nd1 & ! spots may (t5 be obs]v$1 = "s "t1 b5ea? ! trees affect$ ) honey-dew1 till wa%$ away by ! ra94 ,:5 ! leaves ( ! kidney-bean are affect$ by honey-dew1 _! surface assumes ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 spr9kl$ ) soot4 ,honey-dew usually appe>s ^u ! leaves1 z a viscid1 transp>5t sub/ance1 sweet z honey1 sometimes 9 ! =m ( globules1 at o!rs resembl+ a syrup1 & is g5]ally mo/ abundant f ! middle ( ,june to ! middle ( ,july4 ,x is f\nd *iefly ^u ! oak1 ! elm1 ! maple1 ! plane1 ! sycamore1 ! lime1 ! hazel & ! blackb]ry2 occasionally also on ! *]ry1 currant1 & o!r fruit trees4 ,sometimes only "o species ( trees is affect$ at a "t4 ,! oak g5]ally af=ds ! l>ge/ quantity4 ,at ! season ( its greate/ abundance1 ! happy humm+ noise ( ! bees may be he>d at a consid]able di/ance f ! trees1 sometimes ne>ly equall+ 9 l\dness ! unit$ hum ( sw>m+4 ,( ! plane !re are two sorts2 ! ori5tal & ! occid5tal1 bo? highly ornam5tal trees1 & mu* reg>d$ 9 hot climates = ! cool+ %ade !y af=d4 ,jamque m9i/rantem ,platanum potantibus umbram4 ,virgil ,! anci5ts s mu* respect$ ! =m] t !y us$ to refre% its roots ) w9e in/ead ( wat]1 believ+1 z ,sir ,william ,temple has obs]v$1 t ?is tree lov$ t liquor1 z well z ^? :o us$ to dr9k "u its %ade4 ,crevit et affuso latior umbra m]o4 ,virgil ,! sycamore has be5 disc>d$ f ! situation x us$ =m]ly to hold1 ne> ! mansions ( ! convivial1 ow+ to ! bees cr[d+ to banquet on its pr(usion ( honey-dew1 & occasion+ an e>ly fall ( its leaves4 ,! lime or l9d5 tree has be5 reg>d$ z d\bly acceptable to ! bees1 on acc\nt ( its fragrant blossoms & its honey-dew$ leaves appe>+ bo? toge!r1 amid/ ! oppressive heats ( ! dog-days2 b x seems d\btful :e!r ! fl[]s h any attraction b _! fragrance1 z !y are said to h no honey-cup4 ,x is ( great importance to api>ians :o reside 9 ! vic9ity ( su* trees z are apt to be affect$ ) honey-dew1 to keep _! bees on ! /orify+ plan1 :]e additional room c at all times be provid$ = !m at pleasure1 z dur+ ! "t ( a honey-dew1 m honey w be collect$ 9 "o week ?an w be af=d$ by fl[]s 9 sev]al4 ,s great is ! ard\r ( ! bees on ^! occasions1 & s rapid are _! movem5ts1 t x is (t5 dang]\s to be plac$ betwixt ! hives & ! dews4 ,t species ( honey-dew :i* is secret$ f ! surface ( ! leaves1 appe>s to h be5 fir/ notic$ by ! ,abb ,boissi] de ,sauvages4 ,he obs]v$ x ^u ! old leaves ( ! holm-oak & ^u ^? ( ! blackb]ry1 b n ^u ! "y leaves ( ei!r2 & he rem>k$ at ! same "t1 t neighb\r+ trees ( a diff]5t sort 7 exempt f x3 among ^! latt] he notic$ ! mulb]ry tree1 :i*1 says he1 is a v p>ticul> circum/ance1 = ?is juice 7honey-dew7 is a deadly poison to silk-worms4 ,"s ye>s d n af=d any honey-dew1 x g5]ally occurs pretty ext5sively once 9 f\r or five ye>s4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,pur*ase ,,( ,,bees4 ,e "o :o m$itates ! e/abli%m5t ( an api>y1 %\ld be able to di/+ui% a good f a bad hive ( bees1 t he may detect imposition1 if x %\ld be attempt$1 :5 he is pur*as+ 8 fir/ sw>ms or /ocks4 ,bees are commonly pur*as$ 9 ! spr+ or 9 ! autumn4 ,! value ( a hive ( bees1 pur*as$ 9 ! spr+1 if x be a rec5t sw>m1 may be asc]ta9$ by its weight1 :i* %\ld n be less ?an f\r or five p\nds1 on ! day ( sw>m+4 ,b ! weight alone1 ( a /ock hive1 is n a crit]ion ( its wor?2 sev]al o!r circum/ances are to be consid]$1--= ! wor/ /ock hives (t5 weigh ! heavie/4 ,/ill if a /ock-hive be a sw>m ( ! curr5t ye>1 :i* is always desirable1 weight may be reg>d$ 9 a great degree1 z a crit]ion ( value1 its quantity ( het]og5e\s matt]s be+ probably inconsid]able4 ,su* a hive1 pur*as$ 9 ! autumn1 %\ld n weigh less ?an f tw5ty-five to ?irty p\nds1 & %\ld conta9 ab\t half a bu%el ( bees4 ,!re are sur] gr\nds1 h[ev]1 ^u :i* its value may be det]m9$4 #a/4 ,! combs %\ld be ( a pale col\r1 z d>k ones d5ote age2 ?\gh ev5 9 ?is !re may be deception1 = old combs may be l5g!n$ out & bord]$ ) new wax4 #bndly4 ,! combs %\ld be work$ d[n to ! floor ( ! hive4 #crdly4 ,! int]/ices ( ! combs %\ld be cr[d$ ) bees4 ,all ^! po9ts may be safely asc]ta9$1 by g5tly turn+ up ! hive 9 an ev5+1 :5 ! bees are at re/4 ,x may be well also to notice ! proce$+s ( ! bees 9 ! day-"t4 ,if :5 !y quit ! hive1 to range ! fields1 !y dep>t 9 quick succession & )\t l+]+ ab\t2 & if ! entrance be well gu>d$ by s5t9els2 ^! are pretty sure indications ( a prosp]\s hive4 ,! hive1 :5 pur*as$1 %\ld be rais$ g5tly f ! /ool1 "s h\rs prior to its removal1 & be support$ by w$ges1 t ! bees may n clu/] on ! floor1 z ?is w\ld be productive ( inconv5i5ce at ! "t ( _! removal4 ,aft] be+ w$g$ up1 ! hive %\ld rema9 undi/urb$ till night1 :51 be+ plac$ ^u a prop] bo>d1 x %\ld be c>ri$ away c>efully1 & plac$ at once :]e x is int5d$ to rema91 unless x be a rec5t sw>m :i* is to be remov$ into a box4--,! mode ( proce$+ 9 ?is case w be notic$ h]eaft]4 ,! bees ( a hive1 rec5tly remov$1 if pur*as$ ( a ne> neighb\r1 or if ! wea!r be cold1 %\ld be conf9$ = a day or two1 or else _m ( !m1 aft] fly+ ab\t 9 que/ ( provision1 w be lo/2 9 ! "o case1 by return+ to _! old habitation1 & 9 ! o!r1 by be+ *ill$ to dea?1 9 se>*+ = _! new "o4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,bee-,,boxes4 ,!re has be5 "s diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! mo/ suitable dim5sions ( bee-boxes4 ,i pref] ^? ( ,keys1 :i* are twelve in*es squ>e & n9e in*es deep1 9 ! cle>4 ,! be/ wood = !m is r$ c$>1 ! fragrance ( :i* is reg>d$ by "s z agreeable to ! bees2 b ! *ief gr\nds ( pref]5ce are its effect 9 keep+ mo?s out ( ! boxes1 & its be+ a bad conductor ( heat1 f its lightness & spong9ess4 ,:atev] k9d ( wood be made use (1 x %\ld be well season$2 yell[ deal answ]s ! purpose v well4 ,! sides ( ! boxes %\ld be an in* ?ick1 & ! b>s on ! top ?ree qu>t]s ( an in*1 ab\t an in* & half wide1 & six 9 numb]1 :i* w leave an int]space betwe5 ea* ( ab\t half an in*4 ,at ! back ( ea* box1 a pane ( glass %\ld be fix$ 9 a small rabbet1 :i* may be cov]$ ) a half in* door1 hung ) wire h+es & fa/5$ by a button4 ,illu/ration ,! size ( ! door may be suit$ to ! wi%es ( ! api>ian3 z ?is door w only give a view ( ! c5tre combs1 9 case ( _! be+ con/ruct$ 9 a l9e ) ! b>s1 or ( "o or m ( ! ext]nal combs1 9 case ( _! be+ atta*$ at "r angles ) ! b>s or diagonally1 x w be desirable to h a pane ( glass 9 ea* side also1 t ! proprietor may be enabl$ to judge at any "t ( ! /ock ( honey conta9$ 9 ! box4 ,^! small glass w9d[s w seldom d m ?an af=d ! proprietor an opportunity ( asc]ta9+ ! /r5g? ( 8 /ock ( bees1 & ! quantity ( honey !y h 9 /ore2 if he wi% to see m p>ticul>ly ! op]ations ( ! lab\r]s1 or to witness ! survey :i* ! que5 n[ & !n takes ( !m1 he may h a l>ge bell-glass1 surm\nt$ by a /raw-hive1 :i* latt] may be occasionally rais$1 = ! purpose ( inspection4 ,by ?is ble/ art our ravi%'d eyes behold1 ,! s++ ,masons build _! ro(s ( gold1 ,& m+l+ multitudes p]plex ! view1 ,yet all 9 ord] apt _! tasks pursue2 ,/ill happi] !y1 ^: fav\r'd k5 ha? se5 ,pace sl[ & sil5t r\nd1 ! /ate's fair que54 ,evans4 ,an opportunity ( behold+ ! proce$+s ( ! que5 is s v r>ely af=d$1 t _m api>ians h pass$ _! lives )\t enjoy+ x2 & ,reaumur himself1 ev5 ) ! assi/ance ( a glass-hive1 ackn[l$ges t he 0 _m ye>s be=e he _h t pleasure4 ,^? :o h be5 s =tunate1 agree 9 repres5t+ h] maje/y z be+ v sl[ & dignifi$ 9 h] movem5ts1 & z be+ con/antly surr\nd$ by a gu>d ( ab\t a doz5 bees1 :o seem to pay h] great homage1 & always to h _! faces turn$ t[>ds h]1 l c\rti]s1 9 ! pres5ce ( royalty4 ,b m>k1 ( royal port1 & awful mi51 ,:]e moves ) measur'd pace ! ,insect ,que56 ,twelve *os5 gu>ds1 ) sl[ & solemn gait4 ,b5d at h] nod1 & r\nd h] p]son wait4 ,evans4 ,mr4 ,dunb>'s obs]vations1 ^u ! movem5ts ( ! que5 9 8 mirror-hive1 d n correspond altoge!r ) :at is "h /at$4 ,he says t he did n f9d h] maje/y att5d$ 9 h] progress by a gu>d1 b t :]ev] %e mov$ ! way 0 cle>$2 t ! heads ( ! work]s :om %e pass$ ^u h] r\te 7 always turn$ t[>ds h]1 t !y fawn$ ^u & c>ess$ h]1 t\*+ h] s(tly ) _! ant5n2 b t z soon z %e mov$ onw>ds1 !y resum$ _! lab\rs1 :il/ all t %e pass$ 9 succession paid h] ! same homage4 ,?is sort ( homage is only paid to f]tile que5s2 :il/ !y cont9ue virg9s1 !y are n treat$ ) mu* respect4 ,! que5 is v num]\sly surr\nd$1 :5 deposit+ h] fir/ eggs 9 ! cells1 h] att5dants !n cl+ to "o ano!r & =m a liv+ curta9 be=e h]1 s completely imp5etrable to our eyes1 z to preclude all obs]vation ( h] proce$+s2 unless ! api>ian use ! leaf-hive ( ,hub]1 or ! mirror-hive ( ,dunb>1 x is h>dly possible to snat* a sight ( h]1 except+ :5 %e lays h] eggs ne> ! ext]ior p>ts ( ! combs4 ,! mann] 9 :i* bees atta* !mselves to ea* o!r1 :5 =m+ a curta91 or :5 susp5d+ !mselves f a b\gh1 or tak+ _! repose1 is1 by ea* bee1 ) its two =e-claws1 tak+ hold ( ! two h9d] legs ( ! "o next above x1 ?us =m+ z x 7 a p]fect grape-l clu/] or liv+ g>l&4 ,ev5 :5 ?us int]tw9$ ) ea* o!r1 z ,swamm]dam has obs]v$1 !y c fly (f' f ! bun*1 & p]* on x aga91 or make _! way out f ! v c5tre ( ! clu/]1 & ru% into ! air4 ,?is mode ( susp5sion1 s volunt>ily adopt$1 mu/ be agreeable to !m1 ?\gh ! upp]mo/ bees evid5tly be> ! weight ( all ! re/4 ,mr4 ,wildman supposes t !y h a p[] ( di/5d+ !mselves ) air1 l fi%es1 by :i* !y acquire buoyancy4 ,ea* set ( boxes mu/ h "o close cov]1 :i* %\ld be an in* ?ick & well clamp$ at ea* end to prev5t w>p+1 z a consid]able quantity ( /eam arises f ! bees at c]ta9 seasons4 ,! top1 be+ int5d$ to take (f & on1 %\ld be secur$ by means ( f\r screws1 ea* plac$ ab\t an in* & a half f ! respective corn]s2 & x %\ld also be fitt$ to1 & screw$ d[n ^u1 all ! boxes be=e any ( !m are us$1 t :5ev] x may be necess>y to remove1 or to add a box1 ! *ange may be effect$ ) ! utmo/ promptitude4 ,long tap] screws1 z ne>ly ( ! same size z possible1 %\ld be select$ = fa/5+ on ! tops1 & be dipp$ 9 grease be=e put 91 to facilitate _! removal4 ,ea* set ( boxes mu/ also h a loose floor1 an in* ?ick & ext5d+ ab\t an in* & half beyond ! back & sides ( ! boxes4 ,! outlet = ! bees is usually cut 9 ! l[] edge ( ! boxes1 b ,i h f\nd x mu* m conv5i5t to h x =m$ by s9k+ ! floor half ( its ?ickness at ! c5tre ( its front edge4 ,! wid? ( ! "p sunk %\ld be ab\t f\r in*es1 & %\ld gradually dim9i% 9 dep? till x rea* ! c5tre ( ! bo>d4 ,! slop+ direction ?us giv5 w1 9 case ( beat+ ra9 or cond5s$ /eam fall+ ^u x1 prev5t any wet f lodg+ )9 ! hive4 ,! floor mu/ also be clamp$ at ! ends1 to prev5t w>p+1 ?\gh ! sup]9cumb5t weight r5d]s x less liable to be w>p$ ?an ! top4 ,ei!r on ! "r or left h& side ( ! entrance1 z may be mo/ conv5i5t1 a groove mu/ be cut half an in* deep & half an in* wide2 to ?is groove a slide mu/ be fitt$ 7made to run easily71 = ! purpose ( clos+ ! box1 & prev5t+ ! egress or +ress ( ! bees1 z occasion may require4 ,illu/ration ,a c5tre bo>d betwe5 ea* ti] ( boxes w likewise be conv5i5t2 x %\ld be ( ! same size z ! floor1 & h an oblong hole ab\t six in*es by f\r 9 ! middle1 to give lib]ty to ! bees to pass f box to box4 ,api>ies %\ld always h a few sup]num]>y bo>ds ( ea* sort1 & also "s sup]num]>y boxes4 ,z ! boxes & bo>ds require to be made ) great accuracy1 t !y may be nicely adapt$ to ea* o!r1 a good jo9] %\ld be employ$ to con/ruct !m2 = if !re be any crevices ! bees w1 accord+ to _! inv>iable cu/om1 fill !m ) propolis1 & !reby wa/e _! valuable "t4 ,! squ>e boxes :i* ,i h describ$ are ! simple/ ( any1 9 _! =m3 "s p]sons pref] ! octagon or hexagon =m2 9 "s situations1 if w9d[s be plac$ 9 ! ?ree po/]ior sides1 ^? =ms may be m conv5i5t = exhibit+ ! op]ations ( ! bees1 or ! /ore ( honey 9 ! combs2 b !y are m exp5sive & m cumbr\s1 if made z capaci\s z ! squ>e ones2 & ^! latt] answ] ! int5d$ purposes s well1 z to satisfy completely ^? :o h us$ !m4 ,al?\gh ,i h endeav\r$ to give a cle> description ( ! =m & mode ( con/ruct+ a bee-box & its app5dages1 probably x may be m satisfactory to "y beg9n]s to obta9 a sight or a model ( !m1 ,i ref] !m !re=e to ,mr4 ,hughes1 jo9]1 ,ross1 ,h]e=d%ire1 or to ,mr4 ,john ,milton1 #aj1 ,great ,m>ybone ,/reet4 ,i _c dismiss ?is "p ( my subject1 )\t say+ a few words respect+ ! hive ( ,hui%1 :i* is contriv$ ) ! view ( all[+ ! removal ( ! ext]ior b>s1 t support ! honey-combs1 )\t di/urb+ ! brood-combs4 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is hive appe>s to be v good1 b ,i d\bt :e!r x w come into g5]al use2 = z bees are n v tractable creatures1 !y are n likely to con/ruct _! combs 9 direct l9es1 s z to atta* "o s+ly to ea* ( ,mr4 ,hui%'s b>s3 ! tops ( ! boxes :i* ,i use are con/ruct$ l ,hui%'s1 yet ,i nev] saw an in/ance 9 :i* ! combs did n ei!r cross ^? b>s at "r angles1 or connect !mselves 9 "s way or o!r ) two or ?ree b>s1 s z to r5d] x impracticable to remove a comb or two f ! outsides1 9 ! mann] t ,hui% proposes4 ,! sole advantage ( ,hui%'s hive consi/s 9 ?is undi/urb+ mode ( removal2 & c\ld x be effect$1 honey might be extract$ )\t )draw+ any ( ! /or$ poll5 or propolis1 or mole/+ ! brood 9 ! c5tre combs2 an inconv5i5ce :i*1 x mu/ be admitt$1 may be *>g$ ^u ! /orify+ sy/em1 ?\gh ,i hope ,i h1 9 my *apt] or ,deprivation1 po9t$ out a me?od t w1 9 a v great degree1 if n entirely1 rem$y ?is inconv5i5ce4 ,hui%1 9 8 in/ructions = us+ 8 hives1 admits ! difficulty :i* ,i h "h /at$1 z to ! atta*m5t ( a s+le comb to m ?an "o b>1 & gives p>ticul> directions h[ to proce$ on su* occasions2 b ev5 "u tol]ably fav\rable circum/ances1 ! recomm5d$ op]ation w\ld require consid]able nicety1 & no small portion ( c\rage2 9 "s cases ! difficulty w\ld be completely insurm\ntable4 ,a hive v simil> to t ( ,hui% is describ$ 9 ,:eel]'s ,travels4 ,he /ates x to be 9 use 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,m\nt ,hymettus4 ,! hives1 says he1 9 :i* !y keep _! bees1 are made ( will[ or osi]s fa%ion$ l our common du/-baskets1 wide at top & n>r[ at bottom4 ,^! tops are cov]$ ) broad flat /icks1 along :i* ! bees fa/5 _! combs1 s t a comb may be tak5 out :ole4 ,we are in=m$1 by ,reaumur & ,du ,hamel1 t ?is ,greek me?od ( keep+ bees & tak+ honey 0 introduc$ into ,france 9 #aged4 ,if x _h succe$$1 ei!r 9 ,france or 9 ?is c\ntry1 ,i ?9k we %\ld h he>d m ( x4 ,! only way 9 :i* ,i conceive t ,hui%'s idea c be foll[$ up effectually1 is1 by employ+ ! exp]im5tal hive ( ,hub]2 b ! majority ( p]sons :o und]take ! managem5t ( bees1 w look to !m z a s\rce ( pr(it2 & to ^! ! exp5se ( su* a hive w\ld r5d] x completely unavailable4 ,hub]'s fir/ exp]im5ts 7 made 9 s+le leaf-hives an in* & a half wide2 8 latt] trials1 on sev]al ( ^! connect$ toge!r1 ea* an in* & a qu>t] wide1 :i* left ! same room = ! passage ( ! bees z ! s+le hive4 ,see ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,reaumur's hives consi/$ ( wood5 frames1 ) glass w9d[s1 b ( su* a wid?1 z to all[ ! bees to con/ruct two combs p>allel to ea* o!r4 ,?is =m is unfav\rable1 inasmu* z x conceals f ! obs]v] :atev] passes betwe5 !m4 ,mr4 ,?orley1 :o practis$ ! plan ( sup]-hiv+1 surm\nt$ 8 octagon boxes & flat-topp$ hives1 ) a l>ge bell-glass1 ov] :i* he plac$ a common /raw-hive1 to take on & (f4 ,f an extract :i* ,i h made f ,dr4 ,evans's book 9 ! *apt] on ,in/9cts1 he appe>s to h adopt$ ?is me?od4 ,x 0 by ! aid ( simil> glasses t ,m>aldi 0 enabl$ to give to ! _w s accurate an acc\nt ( ! natural hi/ory & lab\rs ( bees4 ,long f ! eye ( man & face ( day1 ,involv'd 9 d>kness all _! cu/oms lay1 ,until a ,sage1 well v]s'd 9 ,nature's lore1 ,a g5ius =m'd all sci5ce to explore1 ,hives well contriv'd 9 cry/al frames dispos'd1 ,& !re ! busy citiz5s inclos'd4 ,murphy's ,vani]e4 ,wildman also1 9 addition to 8 usual mode ( keep+ bees1 ^u ! /orify+ plan1 occasionally employ$ flat-topp$ hives surm\nt$ by a l>ge bell-glass2 & at ! close ( 8 ,treatise we are in=m$ t he _h latt]ly adopt$ ano!r me?od ( sup]-hiv+1 :i* is /ill practis$ by api>ians ( ! pres5t day4 ,in/ead ( employ+ "o l>ge glass1 he made use ( f\r or five small ones1 ea* hold+ ab\t a p9t2 & ^? :o are fond ( us+ honey fre% f ! hive1 w f9d ?is a conv5i5t mode ( keep+ _! bees1 ?\gh probably n s pr(itable a "o z ! g5]al plan ( /orify+4 ,a /ock ( ^! hives & glasses1 on ! mo/ approv$ con/ruction1 is kept con/antly ready = sale at ,mr4 ,john ,milton's1 #aj1 ,great ,m>ybone ,/reet4 ,! bees1 ^u ?is plan1 are hiv$ 9 ! usual way1 ! top bo>d be+ kept clos$1 till ! glasses are plac$ ov] x1 :i* may be done z soon z conv5i5t aft] ! hive has be5 put 9 ! situation 9 :i* x is int5d$ to rema94 ,! glasses & top bo>d %\ld be cov]$ ) a common /raw-hive1 to exclude ! light1 z bees are f\nd to "w be/ 9 ! d>k4 ,:5 ! glasses are suffici5tly fill$ ) combs & honey1--& ?is p]iod w v mu* dep5d ^u ! season1--if ! bees /ill rema9 9 !m1 plac+ an empty hive "u ! full "o w9 g5]ally cause !m to desc5d1 & facilitate ! removal ( ! glasses1 :i* may take place z (t5 z ! h>ve/ ( honey w admit1 consi/5tly ) ! leav+ ( a full w9t]'s supply = ! bees4 ,see *apt] on ,nadir-hiv+4 ,! usual mode ( tak+ ! honey 9 ^! glasses is1 fir/ to cut (f ! communication betwe5 !m & ! hive on :i* !y /&1 by loos5+ ! ?umbscrew 9 ! c5tre1 & turn+ ! bo>d s f> r\nd z to close ! op5+s2 !n1 by means ( a ?9 spatula1 sep>at+ ! glasses f _! adhesion1 & ei!r c>ry+ !m1 inv]t$1 a %ort di/ance f ! hive1 into a %ady place1 or rais+ ea* glass by means ( a w$ge1 & leav+ x ?us = ab\t an h\r4 ,9 ei!r case ! bees w quit ! glasses & return to ! family by ! usual entrance4 ,to effect ! removal1 ,i ?9k x pref]able to use two flat pieces ( t91 aft] ! mann] ( divid]s1 plac+ ! t9s successively "u ea* glass1 c>ry+ x away ^u "o1 & leav+ ! o!r ov] ! op5+ till ! glass has be5 empti$ & replac$ or ano!r sub/itut$ 9 its room3 & :]e x is wi%$ to take only "o or two glasses1 ?is mode mu/ always be adopt$4 ,! bees w r>ely fill m ?an "o set ( glasses1 dur+ ! fir/ ye>2 ?\gh 9 future ye>s1 if ! season be fav\rable1 !y may be expect$ to fill two sets4 ,! be/ "t = removal is ! middle ( a f9e day1 :5 ! greate/ numb] ( bees are roam+ ! fields4 ,?is me?od ( managem5t w n prev5t ! bees f sw>m+1 unless x be comb9$ ) /orify+1 :i* x v easily may4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,hives4 ,bee-hives h be5 =m$ ) v>i\s mat]ials1 ! selection ( :i* has dep5d$ p>tly ^u ! c\ntry or di/rict 9 :i* !y h be5 us$1 & p>tly ^u ! fancy ( ! api>ian4 ,osi]s1 ru%es1 segs & /raw h all be5 9 requisition = =m+ hives1 & ,bonn]1 an em95t bee-ma/] 9 ,scotl&1 proposes to h !m made ( e>!nw>e4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 accord+ to ,brookes1 !y are =m$ out ( ! holl[ trunks ( ! liquidamb> tree1 cut to a prop] l5g? & cov]$ ) a bo>d to keep out ! ra93 = ! same purpose ! p 9 ,apulia use ! trunk ( ! giant f5nel1 aft] cle>+ away its fung\s pi?4 ,9 ,egypt1 says ,hasselqui/1 bee-keep]s make _! hives ( coal du/ & clay1 :i* be+ well bl5d$ toge!r1 is =m$ into holl[ cyl9d]s1 ( a span diamet]1 & f six to twelve feet long2 ^! be+ dri$ 9 ! sun1 become s h>d z to be h&l$ at w4 ,i saw "s ?\s&s ( ^! hives1 says our au?or1 at a village betwe5 ,damietta & ,mansora2 !y compos$ a wall r\nd a h\se1 aft] hav+ become uns]viceable 9 ! use !y 7 fir/ made =4--,voyages & ,travels 9 ! ,levant1 c4 ,by ,fr$4 ,hasselqui/1 ,b4,d4 ,"u ! head ( ,/orify+1 ,i h giv5 a hi/ory ( ! discov]y & progressive improvem5t ( boxes & /orify+ hives1 & %all *iefly conf9e myself1 9 ?is *apt]1 to ! =m & dim5sions ( hives4 ,! common bell-%ap$ /raw-hives us$ by ! cottag]s are too well kn[n to ne$ rem>k4 ,premis+1 !re=e1 t ! ,*elms=d & ,h]t=d hives are consid]$ z ! h&some/ %ap$ & be/ =m$1 ,i %all limit my obs]vations to ! /raw hives :i* may be employ$ = /orify+1 z "s p]sons may pref] /raw to wood4 ,^! h be5 call$ ,moreton-hives1 on acc\nt ( _! =m only1 ! mat]ial ( :i* !y 7 made be+ re$s & n /raw4 ,! be/ /raw = con/ruct+ hives is t ( unblight$ rye1 & un?ra%$ is pref]able to ?ra%$ /raw2 = be+ smoo? & entire1 ! bees w be sp>$ a good deal ( tr\ble1 z !y inv>iably nibble away ! r\gh %>p spicul t !y f9d on ! inn] surface ( a new hive4 ,! e>s ( corn may be dissev]$ f ! /raw by a *aff-cutt]1 & ?ra%$ ) o!r corn4 ,! mo/ approv$ size = a /orify+ /raw-hive is n9e in*es high by twelve in*es wide1 9 ! cle>1 ! diamet] be+ ! same f top to bottom4 ,! importance ( hav+ all bee-boxes made ( ! same dim5sions has be5 already dwelt ^u1 & x is ( c\rse ( equal importance ) respect to /raw-hives4 ,! upp] & l[] edges %\ld be made z smoo? z possible2 :i* effect w be greatly promot$1 by plac+ !m1 soon aft] mak+1 betwe5 two flat bo>ds ) a #eflb4 weight ^u ! upp]mo/1 & leav+ !m 9 t position = a day or two4 ,)9 ! upp] r[ ( /raw1 a small hoop %\ld be work$1 = ! purpose ( nail+ a bo>d or "s wood5 b>s to x1 & )9 ! bottom r[ a piece ( wood %\ld also be work$ ov] ! "p :]e ! bees are to pass 9 & out1 to all[ ( a m easy movem5t ( ! slide 9 ! floor bo>d4 ,x w\ld be an improvem5t if ! hoop 7 p]=at$ ?r\gh its :ole c\rse ) a wimble bit1 t x might be /it*$ ) will[ or bramble splits1 to ! upp] r\nd ( /raw1 in/ead ( be+ work$ 9 ) x2 & if a hoop 7 also /it*$ 9 a simil> mann] to ! l[] r\nd ( /raw1 ! l[] edge ( x c\ld be plan$1 suffici5tly smoo?1 to lie on ! middle or floor bo>ds1 z closely z a box1 :i* w\ld r5d] ! use ( mort> or o!r lut+ unnecess>y4 ,! /it* holes 9 ! hoop %\ld be fill$ ) putty1 aft] ! hive has be5 f9i%$4 ,if b>s be made use (1 !y %\ld be ( ! same wid?1 & plac$ at ! same di/ances f ea* o!r1 z recomm5d$ = ! boxes1 & ! vacancies1 t w\ld o!rwise be left betwe5 ! ends ( ! b>s1 %\ld be made q level1 ) bits ( wood1 c[-dung1 or any o!r conv5i5t sub/ance4 ,if a s+le bo>d be us$1 t1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be cut into b>s ( ! prop] wid?s4 ,! direction ( ! b>s %\ld always be f front to back4 ,middle bo>ds & floors w be equally requir$ = /orify+ hives z = boxes2 b ! outside cov]s %\ld be made ( /raw1 l r\nd mats1 & be wide en\gh to ext5d an in* beyond ! edges ( ! hives1 if us$ 9 an out-door api>y4 ,! :ole /ory %\ld be cov]$ ) a good hackel or cap1 secur$ 9 its place by an iron hoop or a prop]ly weight$ wood5 "o1 to prev5t x f be+ bl[n d[n4 ,z clean fre% rye /raw is mo/ suitable = con/ruct+ ! hive itself1 s x w be ! be/ = =m+ ! hackel )3 ! latt] %\ld be *ang$ be=e x beg9s to decay1 t x may n become (f5sive to ! bees f its od\r1 nor be select$ by insects z a nidus = _! eggs4 ,! api>ian1 if he be desir\s ( hav+ glass w9d[s 9 8 /raw-hives1 may accompli% ?is object by cutt+ ) a %>p knife ?r\gh two ( ! b&s ( /raw1 9 two places1 ab\t ?ree in*es asund]4 ,! w9d[s are g5]ally cut opposite ! entrance1 & ab\t ! c5tre1 b may be made at any "p ( ! hive4 ,! ends ( ! cut /raw-b&s may be secur$ by /it*es ( pack?read1 or1 :at is bett]1 ) s(t5$ mole snap wire1 & ! panes ( glass may be fa/5$ ) putty4 ,out-door hives %\ld h a protection n only ( /raw caps1 b ( a %$ also1 :i* if made op5 9 front only1 w\ld af=d mu* %elt] aga9/ driv+ ra9s & high w9ds2 b ! mo/ complete %$ is made ) fold+ or slid+ doors at ! back1 & is clos$ at ! sides1 & 9 front1 ) ! exception ( su* op5+s z may be necess>y = ! entrance ( ! bees & = _! accommodation 9 bad wea!r4 ,?is %$ r5d]s hackels unnecess>y1 & is adapt$ ei!r to /orify+ or s+le-hiv+4 ,9 ! annex$ plate is a back view ( x1 ) hives arrang$ 9 diff]5t ways4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,comp>ative ,,advantages ,,( ,,wood5 ,,boxes ,,& ,,/raw ,,hives4 ,mo/ ( ! writ]s :o h in/itut$ a comp>ison betwe5 hives & boxes1 h decid$ 9 fav\r ( ! =m]4 ,b x is to be recollect$ t :5 =m+ ?is decision1 ^! writ]s h always _h 9 _! m9ds an out-door api>y1 = :i* situation1 on acc\nt ( _! exposure to ! v>iations ( temp]ature & ! alt]nations ( dr\ght & moi/ure1 /raw-hives possess advantages ov] wood5 boxes2--!y are n s soon affect$ by a hot & dry or by a moi/ atmosph]e2 !y d n "p ) s mu* heat 9 w9t] nor admit s mu* 9 summ]1 /raw be+1 9 ! language ( ! *emi/s1 a bad conductor ( heat4 ,be+ mu* *eap] ?an any o!rs1 /raw-hives are ( c\rse *os5 by ! cottag]4 ,^u ! /orify+ sy/em1 & ) ! advantage ( a bee-h\se1 ,i ?9k wood5 boxes h a great sup]iority ov] /raw-hives2 !y are m firm & /eady1 bett] suit$ = obs]v+ ! op]ations ( ! bees ?r\gh ! glass w9d[s 9 ! backs & sides1 & less liable to h>b\r mo?s1 spid]s1 & o!r insects2 !y p]mit ! combs1 at ! p]iod ( deprivation1 to be m easily sep>at$ f ! sides & tops1 & if well made1 h a mu* neat] appe>ance ?an /raw-hives4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,leaf ,,hives4 ,n>r[ hives1 ) l>ge glaz$ doors on ea* side1 h be5 recomm5d$ by api>ian writ]s1 = expos+ ! op]ations ( bees4 ,t ( ,reaumur 0 too wide3 x all[$ ! con/ruction ( two p>allel combs1 by :i* ( c\rse1 ! api>ian 0 preclud$ f mak+ any useful obs]vations1 ^u ! proce$+s ( ! bees1 9 _! int]space4 ,bonnet recomm5d$ ! use ( a hive1 ! doors ( :i* %\ld be only s f> asund] z to all[ ! build+ ( "o comb betwe5 !m4 ,?is sugge/ion 0 successfully adopt$ by ,hub]2 & to prev5t ! bees f build+ %ort transv]se combs1 in/ead ( a s+le "o1 p>allel to ! sides ( ! hive1 he laid ! f\ndation himself1 by fa/5+ a piece ( empty comb to ! ceil+ ( ! box4 ,hub]'s glass doors _h only an int]space ( an in* & half betwixt !m3 9 ?is hive ! bees c\ld n clu/] ^u ! surfaces ( ! comb1 & yet _h room to pass freely ov] x4 ,mr4 ,john ,hunt] recomm5d$ ! diamet] ( ^! n>r[ hives to be ?ree in*es1 & ! sup]ficies ( ! sides to be ( suffici5t size to af=d /[age = a summ]'s "w4 ,mr4 ,dunb>1 ) 8 mirror-hive1 con/ruct$ some:at l ,hub]'s1 has be5 able to make "s int]e/+ obs]vations on ! conomy ( ! bee4 ,vide ,ed9burgh ,philosophical ,j\rnal1 vol4 iii4 ,! di/ance ( 8 glass doors f ea* o!r is "o in* & two ?irds2 ! height & wid? ( ! hive1 accord+ to ! plan 9 ! ,j\rnal1 ab\t a foot4 ,across ! c5tre ( ! mirror-hive ,mr4 ,dunb> introduc$ a light frame1 :i* ?\gh app>5tly divid+ ! hive into f\r comp>tm5ts1 all[$ ! bees a free passage3 !y 7 skre5$ f ! light by a pair ( fold+ %utt]s on ea* side4 ,mr4 ,dunb> hiv$ a small sw>m 9 "o ( ^! n>r[ boxes1 9 ,june #ahai3 ! bees began to build imm$iately1 & he witness$ ! :ole ( _! proce$+s1 e bee be+ expos$ to 8 view4 ,! n>r[ness ( _! limits con/ra9$ !m1 f ! v comm5cem5t1 to "w 9 divisions1 s t f\r sep>ate portions ( comb 7 begun & cont9u$ ne>ly at ! same "t4 ,illu/ration ,b ?is arrangem5t did n suffici5tly employ ^! indu/ri\s creatures2 = contr>y to _! usual mode ( build+1 :i* is f above d[nw>ds1 !y laid two o!r f\ndations ( comb1 ^u ! upp] p>ts ( ! cross /icks4 ,illu/ration ,! bees n[ wr\ght upw>ds & d[nw>ds at ! same "t1 till ! orig9ally sep>ate portions 7 unit$ & become "o comb4 ,illu/ration ,= want ( prop] precautions1 ! bees ( ?is hive p]i%$1 dur+ ! int5se cold ( ,janu>y #ahbj4 ,on ! #be? ( ,m>* foll[+1 ,mr4 ,dunb> introduc$ ano!r sw>m into ! same unicomb hive2 & s e>ly z ! #bg?1 he saw ! que5 lay+ ! eggs ( work]s4 ,?is second sw>m f\nd pl5ty ( honey & f>9a 9 ! hive1 left by its =m] t5ants4 ,o!r p>ticul>s report$ by ,mr4 ,dunb> are detail$ 9 ! ,*apt]s to :i* !y belong4 ,^! hives are ( c\rse only useful to ! amateur api>ian1 :o is 9 que/ ( in=mation or amusem5t4 ,hub] c>ri$ ! pr9ciple ( ?is hive /ill fur!r3 he jo9$ sev]al ?9 boxes toge!r ) h+es3 ^! boxes or wood5 frames 7 )\t glasses1 & ! h+es 7 s contriv$ z to admit ( easy removal4 ,e box or leaf 7z ,hub] call$ ea* sep>ate frame71 except ! two ext]ior1 0 r$uc$ 9 ?ickness to an in* & qu>t]1 :i*1 z !re 0 a free communication betwe5 all ! leaves1 af=d$ ! same lib]ty = ! op]ations ( ! bees z ! s+le box t 0 an in* & half wide4 ,?is contrivance gave him ! p[] ( op5+ ! leaves sep>ately1 & inspect+ ! proce$+s ( ! bees at all times3 !y soon became accu/om$ to ?is treatm5t1 & ,m4 ,hub] 0 ?us able to exam9e any "o ( ! divisions1 )\t excit+ ! ang] ( ! bees4 ,aft] !y _h prop]ly secur$ ! pieces ( comb :i* he _h atta*$ to ! ro(s ( ! boxes1 !y 7 subject$ to a daily inspection by ?is indefatigable naturali/4 ,! prec$+ sket*es may s]ve to %[ my read]s ! progressive proce$+s ( ! bees 9 ! unicomb hive1 & ! foll[+ outl9e may give !m a notion ( ! comp\nd hive4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,divid]s4 ,! api>ian :o adopts ! /orify+ plan1 %\ld h ,keys's divid]s1 :i* consi/ ( two copp] or brass plates1 ab\t ! sixte5? ( an in* ?ick1 fifte5 in*es wide1 & fifte5 & a half long2 ! odd half in*1 be+ turn$ up1 s]ves = ! op]ator to lay hold (1 :5 ! plates are )drawn4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! plates be p]fect planes1 well h>d5$ by hamm]+1 & ( prop] ?ickness4 ,if !y exce$ ! prescrib$ ?ickness1 ! bees may escape z soon z ! plates are p>tially introduc$ or p>tially )drawn2 & if !y be ?9n]1 !re w be ! same *ance ( escape f _! want ( firmness & ela/icity4 ,^! divid]s greatly facilitate ! v>i\s op]ations :i* ! api>ian has to p]=m1 & at ! same "t secure him f ! attacks ( ! bees4 ,he %\ld be provid$ ) "o ( ! long-blad$ spatulas or knives1 us$ by apo!c>ies & pa9t]s1 :i* he w f9d useful 9 sep>at+ ! honey-combs f ! sides ( ! hives or boxes4 ,9 "s cases x w also be necess>y to h an iron in/rum5t1 ab\t t5 in*es long & half an in* wide1 ! end ( :i* %\ld be turn$ up ab\t two in*es & be d\ble-edg$1 t x may cut bo? ways4 ,?is in/rum5t1 :i* %\ld be fix$ 9 a wood5 h&le1 be+ pass$ betwe5 ! combs1 w enable ! op]ator to sep>ate !m f _! atta*m5t to ! b>s4 ,^? :o make use ( ! ,moreton-hives1--a description ( :i* is giv5 9 ! *apt] on ,hives1--%\ld be furni%$ ) two /rips ( t9 f\r in*es by fifte52 ^! w protect ! /raw bottoms ( ! upp] hives dur+ ! introduction ( ! divid]s1 & %\ld be introduc$ "o on ea* side1 ! hives hav+ be5 previ\sly dissev]$ by means ( ! spatula4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,/orify+4 ,illu/ration ,/orify+ means ! pil+ ( hives or boxes ^u ea* o!r1 z %[n 9 ! above plate1 & pres]v+ a free communication betwe5 !m2 a me?od :i* enables ! api>ian to take wax & honey )\t de/roy+ ! lives ( ! bees4 ,attempts h be5 made to accompli% ?is object 9 diff]5t ways4 ,?orley plac$ empty hives or boxes ov] full ones1 ,wildman & ,keys plac$ full boxes ov] empty ones1 ,:ite & ,madame ,vicat plac$ !m collat]ally4 ,hives & boxes = /orify+1 z well z = obs]v+ ! op]ations ( ! bees1 h be5 made ( v>i\s =ms & dim5sions1 & ( diff]5t mat]ials3 su* z /raw1 osi]s1 glass1 & wood4 ,ari/otle1 ,pl9y1 & o!r anci5t writ]s1 speak ( contrivances = tak+ honey1 & inspect+ ! op]ations ( ! bees4 ,mod]n writ]s1 p>ticul>ly ,m\ffet1 ridicul$ ! ineffectual s*emes ( _! bre?r5 ( antiquity1 & inde$ !y 7 v soon ab&on$4 ,! way 9 :i* !y endeav\r$ to accompli% _! objects1 0 by ! introduction ( transp>5t sub/ances into ! sides ( ! hives or boxes1 su* z is+lass1 horn 7cornu lat]na71 pellucid /one 7lapis specul>is71 probably talc1 :i* is /ill us$ 9 ! ,russian navy = cab9 w9d[s1 on acc\nt ( its n be+ liable to break by ! p]cussion ( ! air dur+ ! fir+ ( cannon1 or 9 tempe/u\s wea!r4 ,mr4 ,h>tlib's ,commonweal? ( ,bees1 publi%$ 9 #afee1 conta9s ! fir/ acc\nt1 ,i h se51 ( bee-boxes be+ employ$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,he speaks ( an exp]im5t ( glass5 hives inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,mew1 ,m9i/] ( ,easl+ton 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire3 8 boxes 7 ( an octagon %ape1 & _h a glass w9d[ 9 ! back4 ,soon aft]1 9 ! ye> #afge1 ,jno4 ,g$de1 ,esq4 publi%$1 ,a new discov]y ( an excell5t me?od ( ,bee-h\ses & ,colonies1 :i* 0 int5d$ to pres]ve ! lives ( ! bees3 he obta9$ a pat5t = 8 boxes f ,k+ ,*>les4 ,g$de's boxes 7 consid]ably improv$ by ,joseph ,w>d]1 a physician at ,croydon1 :o publi%$ an acc\nt ( !m 9 8 "w entitl$ ,! true ,amazons1 or ! ,mon>*y ( ,bees4 ,dr4 ,w>d] enri*$ 8 acc\nt ) sev]al curi\s circum/ances respect+ bees2 "s ( :i* w be detail$ 9 a future *apt]4 ,! me?od ( ^! g5tlem5 seems n to h be5 g5]ally kn[n2 = ev5 ,swamm]dam1 :o publi%$ 9 #afhj1 makes no m5tion ( x4 ,_h ,swamm]dam kn[n x1 he w\ld h be5 in=m$ ( _m circum/ances1 respect+ :i* he 0 evid5tly ignorant4 ,?is want ( ,dr4 ,w>d]'s in=mation is to be lam5t$1 = ,swamm]dam 0 an accurate obs]v]1 & a fai?ful report] ( :at he did obs]ve4 ,g$de & ,w>d] 7 succe$$ by ! ,rev4 ,john ,?orley ( ,ox=d1 :o publi%$ ,an ,enquiry into ! ,nature1 ,ord]1 & ,gov]nm5t ( ,bees2 & by ! ,rev4 ,/eph5 ,:ite ( ,halton 9 ,suffolk1 :o wrote on ,collat]al ,bee-boxes1 or an easy & advantage\s me?od ( manag+ ,bees4 ,collat]al boxes h be5 object$ to1 because bees1 :5 ! boxes are on a level1 h laid _! eggs promiscu\sly 9 bo?2 moreov] side boxes occupy a great deal m room ?an /orify+ boxes4 ,mr4 ,?orley's son improv$ ! me?od ( 8 fa!r4 ,! indefatigable ,mr4 ,wildman devot$ mu* ( 8 "t to ! same subject3 to him we are pr9cipally indebt$ = ! pres5t p]fection ( bee-boxes1 & p>ticul>ly = obta9+ fre% honey ?r\gh\t ! season1 by means ( small glasses rang$ ^u a flat-topp$ hive4 ,vide pages #ic & #ii4 ,b fa9tly1 ,rome1 ?y wax5 cities %one ,?r\gh ! dim lant]n or refractive /one1 ,& fa9tly ,albion saw h] film-w+'d tra9 ,glance evanesc5t ?r\gh ! lattic$ pane4 ,ere ,wildman's art unveil'd ! /raw girt r\nd1 ,its broad expanse ) cry/al vases cr[n'd1 ,& ea* full vase1 l ,amal?a's horn1 ,= ,man successive grac$ ! fe/al morn4 ,evans4 ,madame ,vicat1 a v +5i\s lady 9 ,switz]l&1 publi%$1 9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,b]ne ,society1 "s v judici\s ,obs]vations on bees & hives4 ,%e 0 ! fir/ :o h9t$1 t ^u ! /orify+ plan1 ! duplets & triplets %\ld always be plac$ "u ! full hives2 z ! bees1 9 con/ruct+ fre% works1 evid5tly pref] desc5d+ to asc5d+4 ,la/ly1 we h ,mr4 ,keys's v useful book1 ,! anci5t ,bee-ma/]'s ,f>ewell1 :i* has long be5 a /&>d "w to ! practical api>ian4 ,keys /ates1 t ^u ! /orify+ plan1 ?ree pecks ( bees w collect m honey 9 a season1 ?an f\r pecks divid$ into two families1 ^u ! common plan1 & t ! proportion ( pure honey & pure wax w likewise be great]4 ,he obs]ves1 t a good /orifi$ colony has1 "u fav\rable circum/ances1 receiv$ an accession ( ?irty p\nds ( honey 9 sev5 days2 :]eas if a sw>m _h be5 s5t (f1 ! increase1 9 ! same p]iod1 w\ld n1 probably1 h be5 m ?an five p\nds4 ,?is diff]5ce ( increase is ow+1 ,i conceive1 to ! divid$ family occupy+ a l>g] proportion ( its work]s z nurses1 ?an ! /orifi$ family employs1 !re be+ 9 ! =m] ! brood ( two que5s1 9 ! latt] ! brood ( only "o1 to be att5d$ to4 ,! "o e/abli%m5t is 9 fact divid$1 s z to =m two e/abli%m5ts1 & !re mu/ be ( c\rse1 an obs]vance ( ! accu/om$ peculi>ities ( dignity & (fice1 9 ea* ( ! two1 z !re 0 9 ! "o2 consequ5tly1 few] collect+ bees c be sp>$ f ! divid$ family1 ?an w\ld h be5 at lib]ty 9 _! undivid$ /ate2 & ?is reason+ w apply ) increas+ =ce z ! numb] ( duplets & triplets is increas$4 ,9 s+le-hiv+1 if ra9y wea!r occur at ! "t ! bees are prep>$ to ?r[ (f a sw>m1 & ! hive be fill$ ) comb to its utmo/ limit1 all ! bees mu/ rema9 idle till ! return ( f9e wea!r2 :]eas if m room be giv51 z ^u ! /orify+ plan1 !y w1 by embrac+ e opportunity = collect+1 & by con/ruct+ fre% combs by means ( ! /ores already collect$1 be enabl$ to dim9i% t *eck to _! activity1 :i* wet wea!r always occasions4 ,?\gh ra9y wea!r has ?is effect ^u ! bees1 yet are !y mu* less susceptible to moi/ure ?an to cold3 !y may frequ5tly be se5 9 full activity ^u a w>m %[]y day1 :]eas on a cold dry "o1 !y clu/] closely toge!r )9 ! hives4 ,! cold] ! wea!r ! m closely !y clu/]4 ,:5 ! lime-tree & black gra9 blossom1 says ,hub]1 !y brave ! ra91 !y dep>t be=e sun-rise1 & return lat] ?an ord9>y4 ,indep5d5tly ( ! b5efit d]iv$ f /orify+1 z congregat+ a num]\s body ( bees toge!r1 x w always be f\nd advantage\s to h hives ( :atev] sort well fill$1 z ! bees uni=mly "w be/ :5 9 a num]\s body3 ?is has induc$ ,mr4 ,esp9asse & o!rs /rongly to recomm5d ! union ( /ocks t d n well fill ! hives4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,sw>m+4 ,h[ev] popul\s a /ock ( bees may be 9 ! autumn1 its numb]s are greatly r$uc$ dur+ w9t]1 p]haps ab\t six or sev5 eigh?s4 ,?is loss is m ?an replac$ 9 ! spr+1 by ! amaz+ fecundity ( ! que54 ,h5ce arises a disposition to ?r[ (f sw>ms1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 w issue m or less frequ5tly1 m or less e>ly1 & 9 great] or less =ce1 accord+ to ! temp]ature ( ! season1 ! f]tility ( ! que51 ! popul\sness ( ! /ock1 & ! att5tion t has be5 paid to e>ly fe$+4 ,x is a preval5t op9ion1 t a sw>m consi/s entirely ( "y bees2 b ?is is an error3 e sw>m conta9s a mixture ( "y & old2 ! latt] are di/+ui%able by be+ ( a r$d] hue1 & hav+ ragg$ w+s4 ,9 fav\rable seasons1 a good /ock w ?r[ (f ?ree sw>ms1 ev5 a sw>m ( ! curr5t ye> w sometimes ?r[ (f ano!r sw>m2 9 ?is latt] case1 !re is b a small collection ( honey1 comp>$ ) ! great numb] ( bees :i* h be5 call$ into exi/5ce4 ,i h endeav\r$ to acc\nt = ?is 9 page #aac4 ,9 ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 = ,sept4 #ahbe1 an in/ance is record$ ( five sw>ms be+ ?r[n (f & hiv$ be=e ! end ( ,july f plant+ "o s+le /ock2 ! season 0 fav\rable1 & ! situation1 7,high ,armaside 9 ,lorton71 p>ticul>ly s4 ,!y 7 n all ?r[n (f f ! fir/ or p>5t /ock1 b f t & ! e>lie/ sw>m4 ,bosc1 ! ,fr5* consul 9 ,c>ol9a1 has /at$ t he _h elev5 sw>ms 9 "o season f a s+le /ock2 & t ea* ( ^? sw>ms1 dur+ ! same season1 ?rew (f ! same numb] ( second>y ones6666 ,! space :i* usually int]v5es betwe5 ! fir/ & second sw>m is f sev5 to n9e days2 betwe5 ! second & ?ird1 ! p]iod is %ort]2 & if !re %\ld be a f\r?1 x may dep>t ! day aft] t :i* prec$es x4 ,?is succession ( sw>ms mu/ be ow+ to ! great numb] ( "y que5s t obta9 _! lib]ty4 ,z !y greatly weak5 ! p>5t /ock1 & are naturally weak !mselves1 ! only res\rce "u su* circum/ances is ! union ( two or m ( ! sw>ms into "o family4 ,m>* is ! mon? 9 :i* ! gr& lay+ ( ! que5 usually comm5ces2 yet :5 ,janu>y proves mild1 ! bre$+ w sometimes beg9 at ! latt] end ( t mon?1 & x is by no means an uncommon ?+ = ! comm5cem5t to happ5 9 ,febru>y4 ,! que5-bee may naturally be expect$ to bre$ e>li] 9 ! season ?an insects 9 g5]al1 f ! circum/ance ( ! work+-bees /or+ up food = ! "y1 :i* o!r insects1 t bre$ lat]1 d n2 z also f h] liv+ 9 ! mid/ ( a society :i* pres]ves a summ] heat dur+ ! colde/ mon?s ( w9t]4 ,a !rmomet] 9 a bee-hive has rang$ z high z #gd ,fahr5heit at ,*ri/mas2 & ,bonn] says t he has (t5 se5 8 hives ) "y brood 9 !m 9 ! mid/ ( a sev]e fro/4 ,9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,society = ! ,enc\ragem5t ( ,arts1 c4 ,mr4 ,hubb>d has /at$ t vigor\s well-/or$ hives bre$ ev5 9 ! dep? ( w9t]4 ,9 ?is p]haps he 0 mi/ak52 ! f9d+ ( eggs & maggots 9 ! cells does n satisfy my m9d1 z !y might h be5 laid late 9 ! autumn1 & h rema9$ /ation>y till spr+4 ,riem /ates1 t 9 a bad season ! eggs w rema9 9 ! cells _m mon?s )\t hat*+4 ,mr4 ,hubb>d 0 l$ to make ! exp]im5t ( suffocat+ a /rong /ock 9 ,febru>y1 to asc]ta9 ! /ate ( ! brood-combs2 9 :i* he says t he f\nd an abundance ( brood1 9 e /ate1 f t ( egg to ! almo/ p]fect fly2 al?\gh ! prec$+ ,janu>y _h be5 v cold1 accompani$ by fro/ & sn[1--a circum/ance :i* 9 "s measure confirms my supposition1 z to ! susp5d$ developm5t ( ! brood4 ,mr4 ,hubb>d fur!r adds1 t on exam9+ two weak hives1 9 ,m>* & ,april1 he f\nd n a s+le egg4 ,f ^! v opposite /ates ,dr4 ,evans inf]s ! great importance ( leav+ /ocks /rong 9 ,octob]1 & fe$+ !m 9 an ung5ial autumn1 conceiv+ t ! bees apportion ! numb]s ( _! "y to ! means !y possess ( support+ !m4 ,t ,! presci5t ,female re>s h] t5d] brood ,9 /rict proportion to ! ho>d$ food4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n correspond ) :at w be /at$ bel[2 f :i* x w appe>1 t ! que5 sometimes lays eggs1 9 reliance ^u an approa*+ season1 & does n let ! numb] altoge!r dep5d ^u ! /ock ( provision 9 ! hive4 ,! comm5cem5t ( ! que5's bre$+ may g5]ally be kn[n1 by ! bees c>ry+ 9 pellets ( f>9a on _! ?ighs4 ,= want ( a suffici5t supply ( ?is1 z mu/ happ5 9 cold unk9dly seasons1 _m ( ! nymphs are ca/ out1 hav+ di$ probably f actual />vation4 ,h5ce ! necessity1 z be=e /at$1 ( hav+ 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! hives su* e>ly blossom+ trees & fl[]s z af=d pl5ty ( f>9a2 & also late blossom+ ones1 t ! bees may be enabl$ to lay 9 a /ore ( x1 ready = spr+4 ,sw>m+ may take place at any "t betwe5 ! beg9n+ ( ,april & ! latt] end ( ,augu/4 ,x seldom happ5s be=e t5 9 ! morn+1 nor lat] ?an ?ree 9 ! aft]noon1 & nev] b 9 f9e wea!r4 ,if x be sultry1 bees are apt to rise aft] a /orm1 be+ anxi\s to escape f ! heat ( ! hive1 r5d]$ m intol]able by ! conf9em5t :i* ! /orm has occasion$4 ,9 ! six? volume ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 an in/ance is record$ by ,ri*>d ,re$1 ,esq4 ( ,lugw>d9e1 ( a sw>m issu+ on ! #i? ( ,m>*2 z he suppos$1 9 consequ5ce ( !re be+ an insuffici5t supply ( food = ! :ole family1 a "p 7 s5t =? to seek _! =tunes1 le/ ! :ole %\ld p]i%4 ,! day1 he says1 0 f9e1 b does n m5tion ! temp]ature4 ,probably ?is 0 a /ock :i* _h br$ 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y1 ! sw>m issu+ f ! usual cause1 a disproportion betwe5 ! size ( ! family & ! size ( ! habitation4 ,if e>ly sw>m+ be desir$1 e>ly bre$+ mu/ be promot$1 by fe$+ ) sug>$ or honey$ ale 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 & by keep+ ! /ock w>m4 ,& if ! api>ian at any "t wi% to obta9 a sw>m1 he has only to )hold f 8 bees t accommodation :i* /orify+ af=ds !m4 ,! mo/ advantage\s "t = a sw>m to be ?r[n (f is f ! middle ( ,may to ! middle ( ,june4 ,?is p]iod compreh5ds ! gr& h>ve/ season ( ! honey$ race4 ,aft] ! scy! has cut d[n ! fl[]s :i* adorn our mead[s & yield ! bees su* a pl5tiful supply ( honey & f>9a1 !re is a v manife/ relaxation 9 _! activity2 _! excursions are n only mu* less ext5sive1 b less frequ5t1 al?\gh ! wea!r be 9 all respects propiti\s4 ,sw>ms t issue mu* e>li] ?an ! "t ,i h specifi$1 are apt to be small2 & %\ld bad wea!r succe$1 fe$+ w be necess>y1 to prev5t fam9e4 ,^? t issue lat]1 af=d no bett] promise1 ei!r to !mselves or to ! p>5t hives2 = ?\gh late sw>ms are usually l>ge ones1 !y w sc>cely h "t to re> _! brood1 & to lay 9 a /ore ( honey1 c4 adequate to ! support ( ! family dur+ ! ensu+ w9t] & spr+4 ,late sw>m+ is n only haz>d\s to ! bees ?r[n (f1 b is injuri\s to ! p>5t /ock1 :i* suff]s 9 proportion to ! loss ( lab\r]s1 t %\ld contribute to ! g5]al /ore ( food1 & assi/ 9 re>+ ! brood1 :i* is g5]ally abundant1 ?\gh ! season be f> advanc$4 ,h5ce x is ! usual practice1 e>ly 9 ! autumn1 to suffocate bo? ! sw>m & ! /ock1 9 ord] to secure :atev] wax & honey may h be5 collect$ up to t "t4 ,!re is h[ev] ano!r alt]native1 z w be se5 "u ! head ( ,unit+ ,sw>ms or ,/ocks4 ,if sev]al days ( ra9y wea!r %\ld succe$ a sw>m's go+ (f1 ! /ores !y c>ry ) !m f ! p>5t hive may be exhau/$ & endang] a fam9e2 9 su* a case rec\rse mu/ be _h to fe$+4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,comp>ative ,,advantages ,,( ,,/orify+ ,,& ,,s+le-,,hiv+4 ,f :at has be5 said 9 ! two la/ *apt]s1 a comp>ative e/imate may be made ( ! advantages :i* /orify+ possesses ov] s+le-hiv+2 & !y appe> to be ! foll[+4 ,fir/1 an conomical division ( lab\r1 an advantage common to all bodies ( artific]s1 ^: works are conduct$ ^u a l>ge scale1 & :i* causes a l>g] quantity ( wax & honey to be collect$ 9 ! season1 ?an if ! bees 7 to sw>m1 & to c>ry on _! op]ations 9 sep>ate families4 ,secondly1 ! facility ) :i* ! bees may be depriv$ ( a consid]able portion ( _! honey1 )\t de/roy+ _! lives1 or communicat+ to ! honey any unpleasant flav\r1 f ! sulphur\s gas4 ,?irdly1 ! p[] :i* is af=d$ to ! bees1 ( employ+ !mselves usefully dur+ wet wea!r1 9 ! mann] be=e /at$4 ,f\r?ly1 ! sav+ ( t "t :i* is unnecess>ily sp5t 9 ! con/ruction ( fre% combs1 9 ! new habitation4 ,fif?ly1 ! sav+ ( room2 = z e family has m w>eh\se-room ?an its respective necessities require1 ! division into small families mu/ multiply ! proportion ( ?is sup]flu\s room4 ,six?ly1 ! sav+ ( ! "t usually lo/ 9 prep>ation = sw>m+1 :5 ! bees hang inactively 9 clu/]s1 on ! outsides ( ! hives1 = _m days1 sometimes = weeks1 p>ticul>ly if ! wea!r be unfav\rable4 ,x seems "r to rem>k 9 ?is place1 t ?\gh ?is clu/]+ or hang+ out ( ! bees is g5]ally reg>d$ z "o ( ! /ronge/ symptoms ( an approa*+ sw>m1 x is nev]!less a deceptive "o4 ,x does c]ta9ly indicate t !re are bees suffici5t to ?r[ (f a sw>m1 & is sometimes evid5ce ( an anxiety to d s2 b unless !re be a que5 ready to g (f ) !m1 h[ev] di/re/ = room1 ! clu/]+ w sometimes cont9ue = a consid]able "t2 9 hot dry seasons x may la/ till ! middle ( ,augu/4 ,?is clu/]+1 z be=e obs]v$1 is v prejudicial1 z x causes ! bees to be inactive 9 _! pr9cipal h>ve/ season1 :5 e bee ought to be fully employ$1 & may induce a habit ( inactivity = ! future4 ,clu/]+ likewise ob/ructs ! op]ations ( ! bees t are active1 by int]rupt+ ! ?or\ghf>e to ! hive4 ,^! disadvantages are admirably rem$i$ by /orify+1 )\t :i*1 indep5d5tly ( ! loss ( "t to ! bees1 a con/ant sy/em ( wat*fulness mu/ be kept up by ! proprietor1 dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( ! bees clu/]+ out1 o!rwise a sw>m may be lo/4 ,/orify+1 ?\gh g5]ally1 is n inv>iably successful 9 caus+ ! clu/]$ bees to re5t] ! boxes3 :]e x fails to d s1 if a "y que5 7 ready to assume ! sov]eignty ( ! colony1 ! clu/]$ bees w\ld sw>m & seek a new habitation ) ! old "o4 ,m4 ,reaumur dr[n$ sev]al hives ?us circum/anc$1 & exam9$ all _! inmates mo/ m9utely1 b c\ld nev] f9d m ?an a s+le que51 & ?is ! old "o2 9 none ( ^! hives did he f9d royal l>v4 ,keys says t he has fail$ to make ! clu/]$ bees rejo9 ! family1 if he has put ! empty him or box ov] ! colony2 b t by plac+ ! box "u x1 ! bees soon re-ent]$ & work$ vigor\sly4 ,i h myself1 9 sev]al in/ances1 notic$ ! reluctance ( bees to asc5d2 ?is reluctance w h[ev] g5]ally give way 9 a day or two1 if no room be all[$ !m 9 any o!r direction4 ,?is is prov$ by ! successful use ( small glasses ^u flat-topp$ hives or boxes1 = obta9+ fre% honey occasionally4 ,?orley con/antly practis$ sup]-hiv+1 & 0 v successful ) x4 ,s likewise is my fri5d ,mr4 ,walond1 :o f9ds x af=d him a supply ( pur] honey ?an nadir-hiv+2 = z ! que5 is g5]ally f\nd m dispos$ to desc5d ?an to asc5d1 by plac+ ! box ov] ! /ock x w seldom be /or$ ) any o!r combs ?an ^? :i* conta9 honey4 ,mr4 ,george ,hubb>d1 h[ev]1 ( ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 9 a pap] conta9$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 ix4 7= :i* !y aw>d$ him t5 gu9eas71 says t he has kn[n in/ances 9 :i* ! bees h sw>m$ r ?an submit to sup]-hiv+4 ,bees h be5 kn[n to con/ruct combs "u ! floors ( ! hives1 :5 re/rict$ = room )94 ,"h _! natural activity surm\nt$ ! imp$im5ts ?r[n 9 _! way1 by ! want ( inclos$ space4 ,! /orify+ or coloniz+ plan has be5 mu* applaud$ = its sav+ ! lives ( ! bees3 ?\gh ?is pres]vation be well wor?y ( att5tion1 yet x is an advantage v inf]ior to t :i* is d]iv$ f ! conomical division ( lab\r1 ! consequ5t increase ( wax & honey1 & ! facility af=d$ = extract+ !m4 ,i tru/ t ?is rem>k w n expose me to ! imputation ( inhumanity1 = ,i am fully s5sible ( ! value ( life to all creatures t exi/1 & h (t5 felt /rongly ! =ce ( ,?omson's pa!tic description ( ! sulphur\s dea? ( bees4 ,ah6 see :]e robb'd & murd]'d 9 t pit ,lies ! /ill heav+ hive6 at ev5+ snat*'d4 ,b5ea? ! cl\d ( guilt-conceal+ night1 ,& fix'd o'er sulphur444 ,sudd5 ! d>k oppressive /eam asc5ds4 ,&1 u'd to mild] sc5ts1 ! t5d] race ,by ?\s&s tumble f _! honey'd dome1 ,convuls'd & agoniz+ 9 ! du/4 ,! bee is g5]ally all[$ to be a %ort-liv$ insect4 7,vide ,longevity ( ,bees47 ,:atev] advantage c be d]iv$ h[ev]1 f pres]v+ ! lives ( ! bees1 at ! p]iod ( tak+ _! honey1 ^?1 :o keep !m ^u ! /orify+ plan1 w h ! full b5efit ( x1 & be sp>$ t torture ( feel+1 :i* ! s5sitive always exp]i5ce1 :5 de/roy+ life 9 any way4 ,true b5evol5ce ext5ds itself ?r\gh ! :ole compass ( exi/5ce1 & sympa?izes ) ! di/ress ( e creature capable ( s5sation4 ,little m9ds may be apt to consid] a compassion ( ?is inf]ior k9d1 z an in/ance ( weakness1 b ,i consid] x z af=d+ und\bt$ evid5ce ( a noble nature4--,melmo?4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,symptoms ,,:i* ,,prec$e ,,sw>m+4 ,see :]e ) hurry'd /ep1 ?' impassion'd ?rong ,pace o'er ! hive1 & seem ) pla9tive song ,t' invite _! loit]+ que52 n[ range ! floor1 ,& hang 9 clu/]'d columns f ! door2 ,or n[ 9 re/less r+s ar\nd !y fly1 ,nor spoil !y sip1 nor load ! holl['d ?igh3 ,e'en ! dull drone 8 wont$ ease gives o'er4 ,flaps ! unwieldy w+1 & longs to so>4 ,evans4 ,not)/&+ :at ,i h said 9 ! la/ *apt] on ! subject ( clu/]+1 x is too important a circum/ance to be omitt$ 9 ! foll[+ enum]ation ( ! signs ( sw>m+4 #a4 ,clu/]+ or hang+ out1 if tak5 s+ly1 may be reg>d$ z a fallaci\s symptom1 b :5 conjo9$ ) o!r indications1 x may be consid]$ z a sign ( sw>m+1 p>ticul>ly if accompani$ by ! signs enum]at$ at ! comm5cem5t ( my motto4 #b4 ,! drones be+ visible 9 great] numb]s ?an usual1 & 9 great commotion1 especially 9 ! aft]noon4 #c4 ,! inactivity ( ! work+ bees1 :o nei!r ga!r honey nor f>9a1 ?\gh ! morn+ be sunny & ! wea!r altoge!r invit+4 ,reaumur reg>d$ ?is z ! mo/ indubitable sign ( prep>ation = sw>m+4 #d4 ,a s+ul> humm+ noise1 = two or ?ree nights previ\s1 :i* has be5 v>i\sly describ$ & acc\nt$ =4 ,x _c always be di/+ui%$1 unless ! e> be plac$ ne> ! m\? ( ! hive2 ! s\nds1 :i* are %>p & cle>1 seem to proce$ f a s+le bee4 ,"s suppose ! noise to be made by ! "y que51 & to resemble *ip *ip peep peep or ! toot toot ( a *ild's p5ny trumpet1 b n s l\d2 ,mr4 ,hunt] comp>es x to ! l[] a 9 ! treble ( ! piano-=te4 ,x is readily di/+ui%able by ^? :o h be5 accu/om$ to he> x4 ,dr4 ,evans inquires1 is x ! s\nd emitt$ by p]fect que5s1 on em]g+ f _! cells1 z describ$ by ,m4 ,hub]8 ,! noise is sometimes 9 a %rill1 at o!r times 9 a deep] key2 ?is diff]5ce 9 ! int5sity ( ! tones may arise f ! di/ance :5ce ! s\nd proce$s1 or may be int5d$ to intimate to ! bees ! respective rip5ess ( _! que5s4 ,butl] & ,woolridge ascribe x to a p>ley betwe5 ! old & "y que5s1 ! latt] at ! bottom ( ! hive reque/+ leave to emigrate1 & ! =m] answ]+ 9 h] bass note f ! top4 ,wildman supposes x to arise f a conte/ betwixt ! que5s1 ab\t sally+ =?2 & endeav\rs to acc\nt = its less frequ5cy be=e fir/ sw>ms1 f ! "y *iefs be+ !n 9 _! embryo /ate4 ,?is h[ev] is m]e hypo!sis1 & n at all consonant ) lat] discov]ies1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,hub] & ,dunb>4 ,vide pages #ah & #bb4 #e4 ,unusual sil5ce 9 ! hive1 dur+ :i* ! sep>ati/s are suppos$ to be tak+ 9 a c>go ( honey be=e _! flight1 z a provision aga9/ bad wea!r4 ,mr4 ,hunt] op5$ ! crops ( "s bees t rema9$ 9 ! p>5t hive & ! crops ( "s emigrat+ bees1 :5 he f\nd ! latt] q full1 :il/ ! =m] conta9$ b a small quantity4 ,! above symptoms (t5] prec$e second or ?ird ?an fir/ sw>ms1 :i* latt] sometimes issue =? )\t any previ\s notice4 ,keys speaks s emphatically ^u ?is subject t ,i %all quote 8 words4 ,al?\gh !re are no signs t prec$e fir/ sw>ms1 ^?1 be=e-m5tion$1 convey to ! apiator "o c]ta9 mean+1 & :5 he>d he may be assur$ t ! fir/ or prime sw>m has escap$1 if t w com=t him4 ,! mom5t be=e _! dep>ture exhibits a v lively agitation1 :i* fir/ affects ! que51 & is !n communicat$ to ! work]s1 excit+ su* a tumult among !m1 t !y ab&on _! lab\rs1 & ru% 9 disord] to ! outlets4 ,if a sw>m quit ! fir/ place on :i* x clu/]s1 x hov]s 9 ! air = "s "t1 z if undet]m9$1 & !n flies (f ) great velocity4 ,we he> n[ & !n ( a sw>m ( bees be+ lo/1 ( its hav+ elud$ ! vigilance ( ! proprietor2 ,i ?9k t its loss is g5]ally attributable to neglig5ce4 ,z a diff]5t op9ion is preval5t1 ,i %all /ate a few ( ! facts ^u :i* t diff]5ce is f\nd$4 ,hom] & ,virgil speak ( bees 9 _! wild /ate z fix+ _! habitations 9 ! rocks & 9 holl[ trees4 ,z f "s rocky cleft ! %eph]d sees1 ,clu/]+ 9 heaps on heaps1 ! driv+ bees4 ,pope's ,hom]4 ,& (t1 7'tis said17 !y delve b5ea? ! e>?1 ,& nurse 9 gloomy caves _! hidd5 bir?1 ,amid ! crumbl+ /one's d>k concave dwell1 ,or hang 9 holl[ trees _! airy cell4 ,so!by's ,georgics4 ,_m in/ances are also record$ ( dome/icat$ bees seek+ an asylum 9 "s holl[ "p ( an old build+ or tree4 ,dr4 ,w>d]1 ,mr4 ,butl]1 ,mr4 ,knight1 ,dr4 ,evans1 ,m4 ,du*et1 & o!r writ]s ?9k t ! bees ab\t to sw>m regul>ly s5d out sc\ts1 to explore an eligible situation = _! future resid5ce2 ?\gh ,dr4 ,evans admits t ?is disposition to resume wild habits1 l _m ( ! in/9ctive faculties ( ! animal creation1 has its int5sity weak5$ by dome/ication4 ,dr4 ,w>d] ass]ts t ! bees always s5d out provid]s1 to select a suitable resid5ce = !m1 sev]al days be=e sw>m+1 & consid]s t _! clu/]+ ^u a b\gh1 c4 soon aft] !y issue =?1 proce$s f _! desire to be all congregat$ toge!r prior to ! la/ flight3 ?is is likewise ! op9ion ( ,mr4 ,knight4 ,if ! place select$ be a des]t$ hive1 x is fir/ cle>$ by ! bees ( all het]og5e\s matt]s1 ! old combs alone be+ all[$ to rema94 ,an obs]vance ( ?is conduct probably l$ ,columella to recomm5d ! plac+ ( empty hives1 dur+ ! sw>m+ season1 9 appropriate situations ne> an api>y4 ,keys gives a simil> recomm5dation4 ,reaumur on ! o!r h& ridicules ! idea ( spies & qu>t]ma/]s1 z +5i\s fable4 ,:at ,i h /at$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 p4 #adh4 confirms ,reaumur's op9ion3 he is also support$ 9 x by ,buffon1 ,bonnet1 & ,hub]3 ! =m] says1 t ! sw>m+ bees =m a cl\d r\nd _! que51 & set (f )\t seem+ to "k ! place ( _! de/9ation2--! _w be=e !m1 :]e to *oose _! place ( re/4 ,i w h[ev] detail a few cases t support ! !ory ( spies & qu>t]ma/]s4 ,9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions = #ahjg1 ,mr4 ,knight1 writ+ to ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 relates sev]al in/ances ( ! k9d4 ,on "o occasion he obs]v$ f tw5ty to ?irty bees pay+ daily visits to "s decay$ trees1 ab\t a mile di/ant f 8 g>d52 ! bees appe>$ to be busily employ$ 9 exam9+ ! holl[ p>ts1 & p>ticul>ly ! dead knots ar\nd !m1 z if appreh5sive ( ! knots admitt+ moi/ure4 ,9 ab\t f\rte5 days1 ^! seem+ surveyors 7 foll[$ by a l>ge sw>m f 8 api>y1 :i* 0 wat*$ ! :ole way1 till x alight$ 9 "o ( ^! cavities4 ,x 0 obs]v$ to j\rney ne>ly 9 a direct l9e f ! api>y to ! tree4 ,on sev]al simil> occasions ! bees select$ t cavity :i* ,mr4 ,knight ?\ght be/ adapt$ to _! use4 ,he has also notic$ t1 a /ock be+ ne>ly ready to sw>m1 "o ( ^! holl[ trees 0 daily occupi$ by a small numb] ( bees2 b ! sw>m f t /ock1 be+ lodg$ 9 ano!r hive1 ! tree 0 :olly des]t$4 ,?is pref]5ce ( a hive1 :5 (f]$ !m1 to a place *os5 by !mselves1 ,mr4 ,knight ascribes to a habit acquir$ by dome/ication1 :i* g5]at+ a dep5d5ce ^u man = provid+ !m a dwell+1 desc5ds h]$it>ily f ! p>5ts to _! (fspr+4 ,ano!r in/ance is relat$ by ,dr4 ,evans3 he suff]$ a hive1 ^: t5ants _h di$ 9 ! w9t]1 to rema9 ^u ! /& till spr+3 he !n obs]v$ sev]al bees pay+ x daily visits1 & busily employ$ )91 b leav+ x at ! close ( ev5+4 ,^! soon appe>$1 l ,dr4 ,w>d]'s provid]s1 to be ! h>b+]s ( a sw>m2 =1 e>ly 9 ,june1 an imm5se body ( ^! insects 7 se5 rapidly approa*+1 & !n surr\nd+ ! hive3 !y took possession z quickly z its n>r[ entrance & cr[d$ combs w\ld p]mit4 ,! same result 0 notic$ aft] ! mild w9t] ( #ahjf-g1 :i* unt5ant$ "o ( 8 hives by fam9e3 he 0 pres5t :5 ! sw>m issu$ 7f ano!r hive 9 8 g>d57 to take possession ( ! empty "o1 :i*1 on 8 endeav\r+ to raise x1 to give facility to _! entrance1 he f\nd already cem5t$ to ! floor4 ,! ,doctor also relates a case 9 :i* a sw>m ( bees made its way ei!r ov] ! tops ( "s v high h\ses1 or ?r\gh sev]al w9d+ /reets1 to an old h\se 9 ! c5tre ( ,%rewsbury1 & pass+ ?r\gh an ap]ture 9 ! wood-"w to a room on ! fir/ floor1 7 !re hiv$ by ! family4 ,mr4 ,butl] 9 8 ,fem99e ,mon>*ie m5tions ! case ( a poor woman ^: hive be+ depopulat$ by fam9e 0 all[$ to rema9 out ( doors till ! ensu+ summ]1 :5 a sw>m took possession ( x1 f :i* %e aft]w>ds /or$ h] g>d54 ,o!r in/ances ( a simil> k9d h be5 relat$2 b 9 mo/ ( !m x is n easy to asc]ta9 h[ f> ! proprietors ( ! hives1 f :i* ! sw>ms w5t =?1 _h be5 improvid5t4 ,! cases relat$ by ,mr4 ,knight are ! mo/ rem>kable2 b ) respect to ^!1 fur!r in=mation w\ld be desirable4 ,0 !re any inducem5t beyond a snug h\s+ 9 ! cavities ( ! trees1 to tempt ! bees to w&] s f> f _! native spot8 su* z fav\rite pa/urage1 or neighb\r+ trees t 7 wont to supply honey-dew8 or 7 !re 9 ei!r ( ! holl[ trees1 ?us occupi$1 any old combs :i* _h be5 left !re by ano!r family8 ,la/ly1 7 ! emigrat+ bees expos$ to any annoyance 9 _! old habitation1 ei!r f neighb\rs ( _! own species or ! attacks ( o!r animals8 or 7 !y depriv$ ( any %elt]+ protection to :i* !y _h be5 accu/om$1 by ! removal ( build+s1 ! cutt+ d[n ( trees or o!rwise8 ,bonn]1 :o agrees 9 op9ion ) ,mr4 ,knight1 t bees (t5 g 9 que/ ( a suitable habitation1 be=e !y sw>m1 has obs]v$ t he knew = c]ta9 t a sw>m w\ld n fly a mile to an empty hive1 :]eas !y w fly1 says he1 f\r miles to take possession ( an old "o ) combs 9 x4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,hiv+ ,,( ,,sw>ms4 ,! hiv+ ( bees is a proce$+ s well kn[n t x seems unnecess>y to (f] any obs]vations on ! p>ticul> me?od ( effect+ x4 ,9 e api>y !re %\ld be a /ock ( hives1 boxes1 c4 always ready be=e-h&1 ei!r = /orify+ or = s+le-hiv+2 a neglect ( ?is precaution w (t5 be productive ( great inconv5i5ce & confusion4 ,x is always desirable to h sw>ms put into new hives1 z old ones (t5 conta9 ! l>v ( mo?s & o!r embryo insects1 :i* may prove injuri\s to ! bees4 ,if /raw be ! mat]ial ) :i* !y are made1 e r\gh /raw %\ld be remov$ f ! int]ior1 o!rwise ! bees w lose t "t 9 r5d]+ x smoo?1 :i* !y c\ld employ to great] advantage 9 ga!r+ honey & con/ruct+ combs4 ,= a simil> reason1 if boxes be pref]r$1 ^! %\ld be made air-tight ) putty or o!r cem5t1 t ! bees may n consume _! "t 9 fill+ ! crevices ) propolis4 ,if on any occasion ! api>ian be induc$ to h rec\rse to an old hive1 = receiv+ a sw>m1 x %\ld1 be=e be+ us$1 be dipp$ into boil+ wat]1 to de/roy ! eggs ( mo?s & o!r insects1 aft] :i* x %\ld be made p]fectly dry4 ,9 ! common /raw-hive1 two new /icks plac$ across ea* o!r1 at ! second r\nd ( /raw f ! bottom1 w be useful to support ! weight ( combs3 ! bees require no aid at ! top1 to :i* !y w !mselves securely atta* ! combs1 z may be se5 9 holl[ trees :]e bees h tak5 up _! abode4 ,dress+ ! insides ( ! hives is ( d\btful advantage4 ,"s p rub ! int]ior ( ! hive ) balm1 bean-tops1 f5nel1 c4 or sme> x ov] ) cream & honey4 ,wildman /rongly reprobates ?is practice1 z x gives ! bees ! tr\ble ( mak+ ! hive clean aga94 ,if any ?+ be us$1 9 compliance ) cu/om1 sug>$ or honey$ ale is ! mo/ allur+4 ,keys says t a hive1 conta9+ old combs & dress$ ) sug>$ ale1 w (t5 decoy a sw>m to settle 9 x4 ,hui% recomm5ds spr9kl+ ! int]ior ( ! hives ) human ur9e2 :i* he reg>ds z a specific1 on acc\nt ( its ab\nd+ ) sug> & salt1 two sub/ances ( :i* bees are p>ticul>ly fond3 if su* 7 ! fact1 x w\ld ,i ?9k1 be m cleanly1 & !re=e a pref]able plan1 to m+le ^? fav\rite articles ) a little ale or wat] = ?is purpose4 ,hui% himself recomm5ds sme>+ ! int]ior ( ! hive ) honey1 :5 a sw>m ( bees settle 9 a situation1 f :i* x _c be dislodg$ & made to ent] ! hive1 by %ak+ or o!r =cible means4 ,if ur9e be attractive to bees1 its attraction mu/ proce$ f o!r qualities ?an ^? :i* he has m5tion$2 x does c]ta9ly conta9 a v small portion ( salt1 b ,i "k ( no analysis ( heal?y human ur9e1 :i* admits sug> to be a con/itu5t "p ( x4 ,a t9kl+ noise is g5]ally1 ?\gh ,i believe errone\sly1 consid]$ to be useful 9 induc+ bees to settle4 ,keys recomm5ds ! use ( a wat*man's rattle1 b n till ! que5 has come =?1 = fe> ( al>m+ h] too soon1 nor aft] ! bees h begun to clu/]4 ,keys advises also ! ?r[+ ( s& or wat] among ! bees1 to make !m clu/]2 likewise ! mak+ ( "s v great noise1 su* z fir+ a gun2 "s h suppos$ ! bees to mi/ake a l\d noise1 = ?und] =ebod+ a /orm2 b ?is1 in/ead ( caus+ !m to settle1 w\ld r cause _! return to ! p>5t /ock4 ,dr4 ,evans sugge/s ! probability ( noises be+ fir/ us$1 z signals to ! neighb\rs t a sw>m 0 up1 & be+ aft]w>ds cont9u$ by habit only4 ,! ?r[+ up ( h&fuls ( du/ or s&1 is said to make bees desc5d1 :5 !y so> v high2 ^! missiles be+ mi/ak5 = ra94 ,bees1 :5 sw>m+1 are g5]ally peaceable1 & if treat$ g5tly1 may be hiv$ )\t dang] or difficulty4 ,a rem>kable in/ance ( _! in(f5siv5ess at ?is "t is relat$ by ,mr4 ,?orley4 ,want+ to dislodge a sw>m f ! bran*es ( a codl9-tree1 he plac$ ! hive 9 ! h&s ( 8 maid-s]vant1 :o be+ a novice1 cov]$ h] head & %\ld]s ) a clo?1 to gu>d h] face2 on %ak+ ! tree1 mo/ ( ! bees alight$ ^u ! clo?1 & quickly crept "u x1 cov]+ ! girl's brea/ & neck up to h] v *94 ,mr4 ,t4 impress$ h] ) ! importance ( nei!r fl9*+ f nor buffet+ ! bees1 & began imm$iately to se>* = ! que52 :i* on f9d+1 he g5tly seiz$ & remov$1 b )\t effect+ a dislodgem5t ( ! sw>m3 ?us disappo9t$1 he suspect$ t !re 0 a second que52 :i* actually prov$ to be ! case3 on secur+1 & plac+ h] also 9 ! hive1 ) a portion ( ! bees1 ! re/ foll[$ 9 multitudes1 till 9 two or ?ree m9utes n "o bee rema9$ ^u ! girl1 :o 0 ?us releas$ f h] /ate ( appreh5sion & al>m1 )\t feel+ ! po9t ( a s+le /+4 ,all p]sons simil>ly situat$ may n be s =tunate1 z1 not)/&+ ! greate/ precaution1 bees may be provok$ to draw _! swords4 ,dr4 ,evans relates a case ( ?is k9d2 a sw>m hav+ settl$ on ! bran* ( a l>*-tree1 & its long tufts ( n>r[ leaves flapp+ ! bees z ! b\gh 0 %ak51 ! woman :o hiv$ !m1 receiv$ above ?irty /+s4 ,if ! wea!r be w9dy1 at ! "t ( sw>m+1 !y are (t5 irritable1 & apt to /+2 ?\gh clu/]$1 !y w frequ5tly return home3 ?is la/ occurr5ce is g5]ally caus$ by ! abs5ce ( a que52 b x may also be produc$ by a sudd5 %[]1 or by ! transit ( a d>k cl\d4 ,a que5 has sometimes a defect 9 h] w+s1 or is disabl$ by "s accid5t2 ei!r ( ^! mis=tunes may cause ! return ( a sw>m1 or produce symptoms ( discont5t aft] hiv+4 ,z _m p]sons d\bt ! que5's importance to ! h>moni\s union ( a sw>m1 ,i %all give an in/ance or two1 to %[ h[ ess5tially necess>y h] pres5ce is to produce ?is effect4 ,dr4 ,w>d] be+ desir\s ( asc]ta9+ ! ext5t ( ! bees' loyalty to _! sov]eign1 ran ! haz>d ( de/roy+ a sw>m1 = ?is purpose4 ,hav+ %ak5 on ! grass1 all ! bees f a hive :i* !y _h only t5ant$ ! day be=e1 he se>*$ = ! que51 by /irr+ among/ !m ) a /ick4 ,hav+ f\nd & plac$ h]1 ) a few att5dants1 9 a box1 %e 0 tak5 into 8 p>l\r2 :]e ! box be+ op5$1 %e & h] att5dants imm$iately flew to ! w9d[1 :5 he clipp$ (f "o ( h] w+s1 return$ h] to ! box1 & conf9$ h] !re = above an h\r4 ,9 less ?an a qu>t] ( an h\r1 ! sw>m asc]ta9$ ! loss ( _! que51 & in/ead ( clu/]+ toge!r 9 "o social mass1 !y diffus$ !mselves ov] a space ( sev]al feet1 7 mu* agitat$1 & utt]$ a pite\s s\nd4 ,an h\r aft]w>ds !y all took flight1 & settl$ ^u ! h$ge :]e !y _h fir/ alight$1 aft] leav+ ! p>5t /ock2 b in/ead ( hang+ toge!r1 l a bun* ( grapes1 z :5 ! que5 0 ) !m1 & z sw>ms usually hang1 !y ext5d$ !mselves ?irty feet along ! h$ge1 9 small bun*es1 ( =ty1 fifty1 or m4 ,! que5 0 n[ pres5t$ to !m1 :5 !y all quickly ga!r$ r\nd h]1 ) a joyful hum1 & =m$ "o h>moni\s clu/]4 ,at night ! ,doctor hiv$ !m aga91 & on ! foll[+ morn+ repeat$ 8 exp]im5t1 to see :e!r ! bees w\ld rise2 ! que5 be+ 9 a mutilat$ /ate1 & unable to accompany !m1 !y surr\nd$ h] = sev]al h\rs1 app>5tly will+ to die ) h] r ?an des]t h] 9 di/ress4 ,! que5 0 a second "t remov$1 :5 !y spread !mselves out aga91 z ?\gh />*+ = h]3 h] repeat$ re/oration to !m1 at diff]5t p>ts ( _! circle1 produc$ "o uni=m result1 & ^! poor loyal & lov+ creatures1 always m>*$ & c\nt]-m>*$ e way z ! que5 0 laid4 ,! ,doctor p]sev]$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 till aft] five days & nights ( fa/+1 !y all di$ ( fam9e1 except ! que51 :o liv$ a few h\rs long] & !n di$4 ,! atta*m5t ( ! que5 to ! work+ bees1 appe>$ to be equally z /rong z _! atta*m5t to h]2 ?\gh (f]$ honey on sev]al occasions1 dur+ ! p]iods ( h] sep>ation f !m1 %e con/antly refus$ x1 disda9+ a life t 0 no life to h]1 )\t ! company ( ^? :i* %e c\ld n h4 ,my next in/ance is conta9$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 c4 = #agij1 9 a pap] writt5 by ,mr4 ,simon ,manley1 ( ,top%am 9 ,devon%ire1 = :i* ! ,society aw>d$ him five gu9eas4 ,i h be=e n[1 says he1 tak5 ! que5-bee1 :ile 9 ! act ( sw>m+1 put h] into a clean bottle1 & kept h] f ! sw>m a full h\r4 ,i h !n %[n h] to sev]al g5tlem51 ! sw>m cont9u+ to hov]1 )\t settl+1 ! :ole "t4 ,i br\ght h] home1 & laid h] on ! floor ( a kit*5 w9d[4 ,be+ moi/ ) h] own brea? 9 ! bottle1 :5 ,i took h] out %e lick$ h]self clean1 & be+ q recov]$1 0 c>ri$ out & plac$ ^u ! hive %e sw>m$ f4 ,ab\t a h&ful ( h] subjects soon f\nd h] out1 & seem$ mu* rejoic$ at f9d+ h]4 ,f !nce %e rose up1 & pit*$ ^u a currant bu%1 & ! rema9d] ( ! sw>m came to h]1 & settl$ at once4 ,swamm]dam tri$ ! exp]im5t ( fa/5+ ! que5 by "o ( h] legs to ! end ( a pole1 by :i* he induc$ ! bees to foll[ him :]ev] he *ose4 ,reaumur relates a some:at simil> in/ance ( a bee-man m5tion$ by ,fa!r ,labbat 9 8 ,travels1 :o _h ! address to conceal ! s\rce ( 8 dext]ity4 ,wildman's exp]tness 9 ?is way 0 celebrat$ f> & ne>4 ,vide *apt] on ,unit+ ,sw>ms4 ,9 confirmation ( ! evid5ce ,i h already giv51 ( ! que5's importance to ! well-be+ ( ! community1 ,i w adv]t to "s exp]im5ts ( ,hub]4 ,he remov$ a que5 f "o ( 8 hives2 ! bees 7 n imm$iately aw>e ( x1 b cont9u$ _! lab\rs1 wat*$ ov] ! "y1 & p]=m$ ! :ole ( _! ord9>y occupations4 ,9 a few h\rs aft]w>ds1 agitation comm5c$1 & all appe>$ to be a sc5e ( tumult2 a s+ul> humm+ noise 0 he>d1 ! bees des]t$ _! "y & ru%$ ov] ! surface ( ! combs1 ) deliri\s impetuosity4 ,on replac+ ! que51 tranquillity 0 in/antly re/or$2 & f :at w be said pres5tly1 x appe>$ t !y knew h] individual p]son4 ,hub] v>i$ ?is exp]im5t ) o!r hives1 9 diff]5t ways2 in/ead ( re/or+ _! own que51 he tri$ to sub/itute a /rang] que52 ! mann] ( h] reception dep5d$ ^u ! p]iod at :i* %e 0 introduc$4 ,if tw5ty-f\r h\rs _h elaps$ aft] ! removal ( ! que51 ! /rang] 0 well receiv$1 & at once admitt$ to ! sov]eignty ( ! hive4 ,if n m ?an eighte5 h\rs _h elaps$1 %e 0 at fir/ treat$ z a prison]1 b aft] a "t p]mitt$ to reign4 ,if ! /rang] 0 introduc$ )9 twelve h\rs1 %e 0 imm$iately surr\nd$ by an imp5etrable clu/] ( bees1 & commonly di$ ei!r f hung] or privation ( air4 ,x appe>$ !re=e1 9 ! c\rse ( ^! exp]im5ts1 t f tw5ty-f\r to ?irty h\rs 7 requir$1 = a colony to =get its sov]eign1 & t if1 be=e ! lapse ( t p]iod1 no sub/itute 0 pres5t$1 !y set ab\t con/ruct+ royal cells1 z /at$ 9 page #bb2 & moreov]1 t if1 dur+ ! "t !y 7 s occupi$1 a pr9cess 0 br\ght to !m1 ! fabrication ( royal cells 0 in/antly ab&on$1 & ! l>v select$ to occupy !m 7 de/roy$4 ,on ! admission ( a welcome /rang] que51 m reg>d is p]haps %[n to h] at fir/1 ?an to a re/or$ natural que51--at lea/ !re are m conspicu\s demon/rations ( x3 ! ne>e/ work]s t\* h] ) _! ant5n1 &1 pass+ _! proboscis ov] e "p ( h] body1 give h] honey4 ,9 ! cases above relat$1 ! bees all vibrat$ _! w+s at once1 z if exp]i5c+ "s agreeable s5sations1 & rang$ !mselves 9 a circle r\nd h]4 ,o!rs1 9 succession1 broke ?r\gh ?is circle1 & hav+ repeat$ ! same process1 ( t\*+ h] ) _! ant5n1 giv+ h] honey1 c4 =m$ !mselves 9 a circle beh9d ! o!rs1 vibrat+ _! w+s & keep+ up a pleasurable hum4 ,^! demon/rations 7 cont9u$ = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 :5 ! que5 beg9n+ to move t[>ds "o "p ( ! circle1 an op5+ 0 made ?r\gh :i* %e pass$1 foll[$ & surr\nd$ by h] cu/om>y gu>d4 ,su* is ! sub/ance ( ,hub]'s acc\nt3 x does n entirely correspond ) :at has be5 /at$ by ,dunb>4 ,vide *apt] on ,bee-boxes4 ,! loyal atta*m5t ( bees to _! que5 ext5ds ev5 beyond ?is3 ,hub] /ates t he has se5 ! work]s1 aft] h] dea?1 treat h] body z !y treat$ h]self :5 alive1 & long pref] ?is inanimate body to ! mo/ f]tile que5s he _h (f]$ !m4 ,& ,dr4 ,evans relates a case1 9 :i* a que5 0 obs]v$ to lie on "s honey-comb 9 a ?9ly peopl$ hive1 app>5tly dy+1 & surr\nd$ by six bees1 ) _! faces turn$ t[>ds h]1 quiv]+ _! w+s1 & mo/ ( !m ) _! /+s po9t$1 z if to keep (f any assailant4 ,on pres5t+ !m honey1 ?\gh x 0 eag]ly dev\r$ by ! o!r bees1 ! gu>ds 7 s completely absorb$ 9 ! c>e ( _! que51 z entirely to disreg>d x4 ,! foll[+ day1 ?\gh dead1 %e 0 /ill gu>d$2 & ?\gh ! bees 7 /ill con/antly suppli$ ) honey1 _! numb]s 7 gradually dim9i%$ by dea?1 till1 at ! end ( ?ree or f\r days1 n a bee rema9$ alive4 ,wildman says t if ! que5 ( a sw>m be lo/1 ?\gh x happ5 sev]al weeks aft] leav+ ! "m hive1 ! bees w return to x1 c>ry+ _! honey ) !m4 ,?is1 if true1 mu/ occur :]e no grub c be conv]t$ into a que54 ,bo? ,reaumur & ,wildman tri$ ! exp]im5t ( introduc+ a royal l>va into a que5less /ock1 :5 ! bees imm$iately set to "w aga91 on ! inspiration ( hope alone4 ,%\ld symptoms ( discont5t be obs]v$ aft] hiv+1 ! que5 w probably be discov]$ on ! gr\nd1 or some:]e ap>t2 surr\nd$ by a small clu/] ( att5dants1 :om no?+ b viol5ce c sep>ate f h]4 ,if %e be tak5 up ei!r s+ly or ) ! clu/]1 & plac$ ne> ! entrance ( ! hive conta9+ ! sw>m1 all w be h>mony4 ,sometimes a sw>m divides into two portions1 :i* settle ap>t f ea* o!r & h ea* a di/9ct lead]4 ,! conduct ( ! api>ian mu/ be gov]n$ by ! size ( ! two divisions1 & ! season at :i* !y em]ge2 unless bo? be l>ge & ! sw>m+ e>ly1 !y _h bett] be hiv$ 9 sep>ate boxes1 & jo9$ toge!r1 9 ! mann] recomm5d$ 9 ,*ap4 ,,xix4 ,columella 0 ! fir/ :o propos$ union by kill+ ! sup]num]>y que54 ,! bran* on :i* ! sw>m settl$ is sometimes rubb$ ) wormwood1 or smok$ ) disagreeable fumes1 to drive away all rema9+ loit]]s4 ,9 e op]ation1 x is desirable to avoid cru%+ a s+le bee1 z1 9 case ( discov]y1 ! re/ are excit$ to ang]4 ,see *apt] on ! ,s5ses ( ,bees4 ,imm$iately on ! bees tak+ to ! hive1 x %\ld be plac$ ^u a table1 on a prop] floor bo>d1 & be cov]$ ) b\ghs or a clo?2 & ! hive %\ld be ne> ! p>5t /ock1 to cat* /raggl]s1 on _! return home4 ,at night x %\ld be remov$ to its p]man5t /ation4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,on ,,remov+ ,,bees ,,f ,,common ,,/raw-,,hives ,,to ,,/orify+ ,,hives ,,or ,,boxes4 ,_m plans h be5 sugge/$ = transf]r+ bees f hives to boxes2 b except+ 9 ! case ( a rec5t sw>m1 ,i w\ld n recomm5d any1 b an exp]i5c$ api>ian1 to attempt an imm$iate transf]4 ,9 ! case ( a rec5t sw>m1 ! me?od ( effect+ ! object is simple & easy2 = if1 :5 ! bees h retir$ = ! night1 ! hive be plac$ ^u a middle bo>d1 ) a divid] und]nea? x1 & ! :ole be inv]t$ ^u a small tub or a peck measure1 & an empty box be rais$ ^u ! divid]1 ?is latt] be+ )drawn1 & e op5+ besides :at is necess>y = admitt+ air be+ well secur$1 ! bees w all probably h asc5d$ into ! box by morn+1 :5 ) ! assi/ance ( ! divid]s !y may be plac$ 9 ! bee-h\se or any :]e else t ! proprietor *ooses1 j z if !y _h be5 orig9ally hiv$ 9 ! box4 ,if ! asc5t h n tak5 place 9 ! morn+1 x may be effect$ by drumm+ sm>tly ) two /icks1 ^u ! sides ( ! hive3 9 ?is way1 ! asc5t may be kn[n by ! l\d humm+ noise by :i* x w be accompani$4 ,i h said t ! above plan is only to be recomm5d$ 9 cases ( rec5t sw>m+3 by ?is ,i mean1 9 sw>ms ( ! day on :i* x is attempt$1 & be=e any works are con/ruct$ 9 ! hives1 to su* an ext5t z to make ! bees t5aci\s ( _! new habitation2 = :]ev] !y =m a settlem5t1 ?\gh ev5 = ! %ort "t t !y occupy a bu% or tree be=e hiv+1 !re are always to be se5 ! rudim5ts ( "o or m combs1 %[+1 t !y always int5d1 7s f> z "o c give bees cr$it = int5tion17 to take up _! abode1 p]man5tly1 ^u ! v spot on :i* !y fir/ clu/] r\nd _! ,royal ,lead]4 ,if h[ev]1 f want ( =e?\ght or f any o!r causes1 a sw>m h be5 all[$1 = a long] p]iod1 to occupy a hive f :i* x is desirable to dislodge x1 9 t case ,i w\ld recomm5d ! api>ian1 t[>ds night1 to place ! hive ^u a middle bo>d ) a divid] und]nea? x1 to lute ! junction ) clay1 s z to prev5t ! bees f escap+1 & to inv]t ! :ole ^u a /ool t has _h an op5+ made 9 x ( suffici5t size to all[ ! hive to s9k ab\t half-way ?r\gh x4 ,!n1 if he raise a c\ple ( empty boxes ^u ! divid]1 9 ! mann] already direct$ = sup]-hiv+1 & hav+ adju/$ ! :ole1 )draw ! divid]1 ! bees w soon desi/ f c>ry+ on _! works 9 ! hive1 & comm5ce new ones 9 ! upp] box2 ! hive at ! p]iod ( deprivation may be sep>at$ f ! boxes 9 ! usual way4 ,! middle bo>d t is us$ on ?is occasion1 provid$ ! colony be design$ to /& out ( doors1 mu/ h a re/+ bo>d atta*$ to ! edge ( x1 = ! bees to alight ^u4 ,& z x is int5d$ to s]ve z a sub/itute = a floor bo>d1 x mu/ be made to correspond ) ! floor bo>ds 9 its con/ruction1 s f> z respects its giv+ lib]ty = ! bees to h +ress & egress1 & its af=d+ a p[] to %ut !m 94 ,if x %\ld be ?\ght m conv5i5t1 an entrance c\ld readily be =m$1 by cutt+ a piece out ( ! l[] edge ( ! box1 9 :i* also a groove might be cut = a slide to run 94 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,sup]- ,,& ,,nadir-,,hiv+ ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,divid]s4 ,:5 "o hive or box is to be rais$ ^u ano!r 9 a bee-h\se1 ! op]ation may be p]=m$ at any "t2 ! be/ "t is ab\t t5 or elev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+1 :5 a great portion ( ! bees are rang+ ! fields4 ,if ! bees be kept 9 an out-door hive1 ! op]ation w be be/ p]=m$ 9 an ev5+ or e>ly 9 a morn+1 :51 all ! bees be+ at home1 !y may be %ut 9 & !reby prev5t$ f annoy+ ! op]ator4 ,if sup]-hiv+ be ! object ( ! api>ian1 he mu/ fir/ )draw ! f\r screws out ( ! top bo>d ( 8 /ock-hive or box1 s z to enable him to pu% "o ( 8 divid]s f front to back1 betwe5 t bo>d & ! box :i* x cov]s2 he may !n safely take (f ! top1 & screw x ^u an empty box4 7,he w\ld ( c\rse be enabl$ to accompli% ! bus9ess ) m promptitude1 if he h a sup]num]>y top already screw$ d[n47 ,hav+ put ! fre% box ^u a middle bo>d1 ! :ole is to be c>efully plac$ ^u ! divid]1 t cov]s ! /ock3 :5 accurately adju/$ to ea* o!r1 if an assi/ant hold firmly 9 _! places ! two boxes1 or ! inf]ior box & ! middle bo>d1 ! divid] may be )drawn1 & ?us a communication betwe5 ! two boxes w imm$iately be effect$1 )\t ! escape1 & p]haps )\t ! de/ruction1 ( a s+le bee4 ,:5 ,i h _h no assi/ant ne> me1 ^u ^: /ead9ess ,i c\ld rely1 at ! "t ( )draw+ ! divid]1 ,i h fix$ a piece ( d\ble qu>t] ) "o ( its ends aga9/ ! inf]ior box1 & ! o!r aga9/ ! wall opposite to x1 & h ?us effectually prev5t$ ! box f mov+1 :il/ ) "o h& ,i held firmly ! middle bo>d1 & drew out ! divid] ) ! o!r4 ,my read]s are to suppose me op]at+ 9 a bee-h\se1 = 9 an out-door api>y an assi/ant w always be requir$1 :5ev] any important op]ation is to be p]=m$4 ,nadir-hiv+ is accompli%$ by introduc+ bo? divid]s betwe5 ! floor bo>d & ! box or hive :i* x supports1 ! fir/ ) its turn$ edge d[nw>ds1 & ! o!r ^u x ) its turn$ edge upw>ds4 ,! box or boxes are !n to be remov$ on "o side or ^u a table1 toge!r ) ! upp] plate or divid]1 :i* w =m a tempor>y floor to ! box1 :ile ! l[] plate cov]s ! wood5 floor & ^? few bees t may be lodg$ ^u x4 ,9 remov+ ! box or boxes = nadir-hiv+1 "s caution is requisite1 to prev5t ! escape ( ! bees4 ,! safe/ plan is gradually to draw =w>d ! boxes ) _! tempor>y floor1 till !y hang ne>ly half ov] ! wood5 floor1 & !n1 by spread+ out ! f+]s & apply+ !m "u ea* side ( ! divid]1 ! :ole may be lift$ up & mov$ :]ev] x be mo/ conv5i5t till rais$ ^u ! nadir4 ,:5 ! box has be5 drawn half (f1 a weight %\ld be plac$ ^u ! cov]+ divid]1 to prev5t x f tilt+ up4 ,! removal be+ accompli%$1 an empty box %\ld be quickly plac$ ^u ! divid] :i* cov]s ! floor1 & ^u ! box a middle bo>d2 ! adju/m5t be+ complete1 ! divid]s are to be )drawn sep>ately1 & ) ! same precautions z 9 sup]-hiv+4 ,if ! api>ian wi% to practise c5tre-hiv+ i4 e4 to introduce an empty box betwe5 a sup]ior & an inf]ior "o1 he c easily apply ! prec$+ directions to t p>ticul> case4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,unit+ ,,sw>ms ,,or ,,/ocks4 ,! union ( sw>ms ) _! /ocks1 & ( sw>ms or /ocks ) ea* o!r1 9 case ( _! be+ or becom+ weak1 has be5 attempt$ 9 v>i\s ways1 & ) v>i\s success1 dep5d+ p]haps1 9 "s degree1 ^u ! skill & adroitness ( ! op]ator4 ,^u ! /orify+ plan ?is op]ation w r>ely be necess>y1 except+ 9 ! case ( weak /ocks1 z x is n a v common occurr5ce = /orifi$ bees to sw>m1 & :5 !y d s1 !y g5]ally ?r[ (f /rong sw>ms4 ,/ill ! object may occasionally be desirable1 & x is wor?y ( att5tion1 = ! t5ants ( well fill$ hives are always ! mo/ active4 ,! ?ree usual me?ods by :i* union has be5 attempt$1 & inde$ _! advocates say1 accompli%$1 are fum+ !m1 imm]s+ !m 9 wat]1 & asp]s+ !m ) sug>$ or honey$ ale4 ,to ^! ,i may add a f\r?1 namely op]at+ ^u _! fe>s1 by conf9+ !m = a "t1 & !n al>m+ !m by drumm+ sm>tly ^u ! outside ( _! domicile4 ,x 0 op]at+ on _! fe>s t enabl$ ,wildman to p]=m su* extraord9>y feats ) bees4 ,:5 "u a /rong impression ( fe>1 says he1 !y are r5d]$ subs]vi5t to our wills1 to su* a degree z to rema9 long atta*$ to any place !y aft]w>ds settle ^u1 & w become s mild & tractable1 z to be> any h&l+ :i* does n hurt !m1 )\t ! lea/ %[ ( res5tm5t4 ,long exp]i5ce has taught me1 t z soon z ,i turn up a hive1 & give "s taps on ! sides & bottom1 ! que5 imm$iately appe>s4 ,be+ accu/om$ to see h]1 ,i readily p]ceive h] at ! fir/ glance2 & long practice has enabl$ me to seize h] in/antly1 ) a t5d]ness t does n 9 ! lea/ endang] h] p]son4 ,be+ possess$ ( h]1 ,i c1 )\t excit+ any res5tm5t1 slip h] into my o!r h&1 & return+ ! hive to its place1 hold h]1 till ! bees miss+ h]1 are all on ! w+1 & 9 ! utmo/ confusion4 ,:5 9 ?is /ate1 he c\ld make !m alight :]ev] he pleas$2 = on :atev] spot he plac$ ! que51 ! mom5t a few ( !m discov]$ h]1 ! in=mation 0 rapidly communicat$ to ! re/1 :o 9 a few m9utes 7 all collect$ r\nd h]4 ,9 ?is way he w\ld sometimes cause !m to settle on 8 head1 or to hang clu/]$ f 8 *91 9 :i* /ate !y some:at resembl$ a be>d4 ,aga9 he w\ld transf] !m to 8 h&1 or to any o!r "p ( 8 body1 or if m agreeable to ! spectators be=e :om he exhibit$1 he w\ld cause !m to settle ^u a table1 w9d[1 c4 ,prior to mak+ 8 secret g5]ally kn[n1 he deceiv$ 8 spectators by us+ words ( comm&2 b ! only magic t he employ$ 0 ! summon+ into activity = 8 purpose ! /rong atta*m5t ( ! bees to _! que54 ,su* 0 ! spell1 :i* r\nd a ,wildman's arm ,tw9'd 9 d>k wrea?s ! fasc9at$ sw>m2 ,bright o'er 8 brea/ ! glitt]+ legions l$1 ,or ) a liv+ g>l& b\nd 8 head4 ,8 dextr\s h&1 ) firm yet hurtless hold4 ,c\ld seize ! *ief1 kn[n by h] scales ( gold4 ,prune1 'mid ! wond]+ tra91 h] filmy w+4 ,or1 o'er h] folds1 ! silk5 fett] fl+4 ,evans4 ,caution+ 8 read]s z to ! haz>d ( attempt+1 :at he himself accompli%$ only by long exp]i5ce & great dext]ity1 ,wildman concludes 8 acc\nt ) a p>ody ( ! reply ( ,c4 ,furius ,cres9us1 a lib]at$ ,roman slave1 :o1 be+ accus$ ( wit*craft 9 consequ5ce ( 8 rais+ m abundant crops ?an 8 neighb\rs1 & !re=e cit$ be=e a ,roman tribunal1 produc$ 8 /rong implem5ts ( husb&ry1 8 well-f$ ox51 & a hale "y woman 8 daught]2 & po9t+ to !m1 said1 ,^!1 ,romans6 are my in/rum5ts ( wit*craft2 b ,i _c %[ y my toil1 my sweats1 & anxi\s c>es4 ,s1 says ,wildman1 may ,i say1 ,^!1 ,britons6 are my in/rum5ts ( wit*craft2 b ,i _c %[ y my h\rs ( att5tion to ?is subject1 my anxiety & c>e = ^! useful insects2 nor c ,i communicate to y my exp]i5ce1 acquir$ dur+ a c\rse ( ye>s4 ,! neate/ & mo/ sci5tific mode ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$ ( unit+ weak families toge!r 9 h>mony 0 inv5t$ by my fri5d ,! ,rev4 ,ri*>d ,walond1 :om ,i _h occasion to m5tion 9 a =m] *apt]1 & ^: exp]i5ce 9 ! managem5t ( bees1 = ne>ly half a c5tury1 entitle 8 op9ions conc]n+ !m to great respect4 ,8 !ory & practice ^u ?is subject are z foll[4 ,bees1 says he1 emit a peculi> od\r1 & x is by no means improbable t e family ( bees emits an od\r peculi> to itself3 if s1 z _! vision seems to be imp]fect1 & _! smell acute1 x may be by ?is di/9ctive & peculi> od\r t !y are enabl$ to discrim9ate betwixt ! individuals ( _! own family & ^? ( a /rang] hive4 ,^u ?is supposition1 if ! od\rs ( two sep>ate /ocks or sw>ms c be s bl5d$ z to make !m completely m]ge into ea* o!r1 !re w !n probably be no difficulty 9 effect+ ! union ( any two families t x may be desirable to unite4 ,to accompli% ?is end !re=e1 ,mr4 ,walond _h rec\rse to a v +5i\s contrivance3 he procur$ a plate ( t91 ! size ( a divid]1 & ?ickly p]=at$ ) holes1 ab\t ! size ( ^? 9 a co>se nutmeg-grat]4 ,hav+ conf9$ 9 _! respective hives or boxes1 ! two families to be unit$1 & plac$ !m ov] ea* o!r1 ) only a divid] betwe5 !m2 he introduc$ 8 p]=at$ t9 plate ^u ! divid]1 :i* 0 !n )drawn4 ,imm$iately ! bees began to clu/] ) ho/ile int5tions1 "o family cl++ to ! upp]1 ! o!r to ! "u side ( ! p]=at$ plate2 :5 aft] rema9+ 9 ?is /ate = ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 !y _h s f> communicat$ to ea* o!r _! respective effluvia1 & s completely commix$ 7 ! od\rs 9 bo? hives1 t on )draw+ ! p]=at$ plate1 ! bees m+l$ toge!r z "o family1 no di/urbance be+ excit$1 b su* z arose f ! pres5ce ( two que5s1 ! cu/om be+ always1 9 su* case1 to de?rone "o ( !m4 ,accord+ to ,hub] ?is is effect$ by s+le combat betwe5 ! que5s3 :i* subject w be adv]t$ to 9 a future *apt]4 ,keys has obs]v$ t ^! incorporations seldom turn to acc\nt unless !y be effect$ 9 summ]2 & :5 x is consid]$ t ! pr9cipal ga!r+ mon?s are ,may & ,june1 7except+ 9 ^? neighb\rhoods t ab\nd 9 lime1 sycamore1 & o!r trees t are apt to be affect$ ) honey-dew17 we _c1 ( c\rse1 expect !m to be v successful4 ,i h ent]$ fully into ?is subject1 :5 speak+ ( e>ly & late sw>ms1 page #aae4 ,to obviate ! consequ5ces !re appreh5d$1 "s api>ians h _h rec\rse to ! practice ( remov+ _! bees to fre% pa/ure2 to di/ricts :]e buck:eat is cultivat$1 or to ! neighb\rhood ( hea?s1 or to any o!r place :]e su* late blossom+ fl[]s ab\nd z af=d honey4 ,mr4 ,isaac assures u t he once _h a poor sw>m ( a mon?'s /&+1 :i* only weigh$ five p\nds f\r ounces1 & t on ! #cj? ( ,july he _h x remov$ to ,d>tmoor ,hea?1 f :5ce x 0 br\ght home1 two mon?s aft]w>ds1 increas$ 9 weight tw5ty-f\r p\nds & a half4 ,he moreov] /ates t ! increase ( o!rs1 t 7 s5t !re1 0 ne>ly proportional1 & is ( op9ion t ! :ole addition 0 made dur+ ! mon? ( ,augu/4 ,9 ,l[] ,egypt1 :]e ! fl[] h>ve/ is n s e>ly z 9 ! upp] di/ricts ( t c\ntry1 ?is practice ( transportation is c>ri$ on to a consid]able ext5t4 ,! hives aft] be+ collect$ toge!r f ! diff]5t villages1 & convey$ up ! ,nile m>k$ & numb]$ by ! individuals to :om !y belong1 are heap$ pyramidally ^u ! boats prep>$ to receive !m1 :i* float+ gradually d[n ! riv] & /opp+ at c]ta9 /ages ( _! passage1 rema9 !re a long] or %ort] "t1 accord+ to ! produce :i* is af=d$ by ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,aft] travel+ ?ree mon?s 9 ?is mann]1 ! bees1 hav+ cull$ ! p]fumes ( ! orange fl[]s ( ! ,said1 ! ess5ce ( roses,g ( ! ,faicum1 ! treasures ( ! ,arabian jessam9e1 & a v>iety ( fl[]s1 are br\ght back to ! places f :i* !y _h be5 c>ri$4 ,?is indu/ry procures1 = ! ,egyptians1 delici\s honey1 & abundance ( bees-wax4 ,! proprietors1 9 return1 pay ! boatm5 a recomp5ce proportion$ to ! numb] ( hives :i* h be5 ?us c>ri$ ab\t f "o extremity ( ,egypt to ! o!r4 ,latreille /ates t betwe5 ,cairo & ,damietta a convoy ( #djjj hives 7 se5 ^u ! ,nile by ,niebuhr1 on _! transit f ! upp] to ! l[] di/ricts ( t c\ntry4 ,float+ bee-hives 7 =m]ly common also 9 ,france4 ,"o b>ge 0 capable ( conta9+ f #fj to #ajj hives1 :i*1 float+ g5tly d[n _! riv]s1 enabl$ ! bees to ga!r ! honey :i* is af=d$ by ! fl[]s on _! banks4 ,reaumur likewise /ates x to h be5 ! practice 9 "s di/ricts to transport !m ) simil> views1 by l&1 9 vehicles contriv$ = ! purpose4 ,9 ,savoy1 ,pi$mont1 & o!r p>ts ( ,italy1 ! practice is also common4 ,x is inde$ ( v anci5t orig94 ,columella speaks ( x z a v g5]al cu/om among ! ,greeks1 :o us$ annually to s5d _! bee-hives f ,a*aia into ,attica4 ,footnote ,g3 ,:atev] inducem5t ! bees ( ,egypt may h to ply ! roses ( t c\ntry1 ) u !y pay v little att5tion to ^? beautiful fl[]s4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are advantages :i* v few situations c af=d2 probably b few ( my read]s may reside 9 ! neighb\rhood ( hea?s1 & /ill few] may be dispos$ to incur ! tr\ble & exp5se ( removal4 ,if !re=e incorporation be desirable 9 any p>ticul> case1 ,i c only recomm5d t att5tion be paid to fe$+ ! bees ) sug>$ ale2 by ! assi/ance ( :i*1 inde$1 ,i %\ld n be afraid ( c>ry+1 ev5 a weak /ock1 v safely ?r\gh ! w9t] & e>ly spr+4 ,give y\r bees1 says ,mr4 ,isaac1 two h>ve/s 9 "o summ] 7allud+ to ! practice ( transportation71 & y may make almo/ any sw>m ri* en\gh to live ?r\gh ! foll[+ w9t]4 ,?is second h>ve/ may be v effici5tly suppli$ by an att5tion to fe$+1 dur+ mild wea!r 9 w9t]1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! e>ly spr+1--= ! managem5t ( :i*1 see1 ,*ap4 ,,xxiii4 on ,fe$+4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,prop] ,,p]iods ,,( ,,deprivation4 ,x %\ld be an inv>iable rule ) ! api>ian1 nev] to remove an upp] hive or box1 till an "u "o be q full2 & ev5 !n1 x %\ld be asc]ta9$ t ! cont5ts ( ! inf]ior "o1 7if tak5 at ,mi*aelmas17 be n less ?an #ah p\nds4 ,if x d n conta9 s mu*1 a suffici5t quantity %\ld be return$ 9 ! box t has be5 remov$1 o!rwise rec\rse mu/ be _h to fe$+4 ,mr4 ,isaac says t he has c>ri$ a colony t _h no honey at ,mi*aelmas1 safely ?r\gh ! w9t] & spr+1 ) only eight p\nds ( honey4 ,hub] succe$$ ) less2 b x appe>s t 8 obs]vations 7 made ^u weak /ocks t 7 n altoge!r de/itute4 ,a v>iety ( exp]im5ts 7 made by ,mr4 ,john ,hunt] & ,mr4 ,keys1 to asc]ta9 ! quantity consum$ dur+ ! respective mon?s ( w9t] & spr+1 & !y all l$ to "o conclusion1 namely1 t x am\nt$ ^u an av]age to eight p\nds1 tak+ ! season ?r\gh1 f ! beg9n+ ( ,octob] to ! end ( ,may1 :5 ! spr+ proves ung5ial4 ,dur+ ! fir/ six mon?s ! consumption 0 n m ?an five p\nds ^u an av]age1 & ! cold] ! wea!r ! small] 0 ! consumption4 ,vide #bnd page ( ,*ap4 ,,xxiv4 ,z a g5]al rule1--no honey %\ld be tak5 f a colony ! fir/ ye> ( its be+ plant$1 ?\gh !re may be an extraord9>y season n[ & !n1 :i* may ju/ify a dep>ture f ?is rule2 b nei!r 9 su* an uncommon ye>1 nor ev5 9 ! second ye>1 %\ld ! :ole ( ! combs 9 any box be tak51 7unless x be cle>ly asc]ta9$ t ! c5tre combs conta9 no brood17 b only ! ext]nal ones1 :i* %\ld be exam9$ c>efully "o by "o1 & ! brood-combs1 if any1 be return$ 9 ! box to ! /ock4 ,! api>ian1 z ,hub] obs]ves1 if he wi% to obta9 a consid]able quantity ( honey1 %\ld endeav\r to secure 8 object r by ! numb] ( 8 colonies1 ?an by plund]+ a few ( a great proportion ( _! treasures4 ,a mod]ate p>ticipation is ! mo/ infallible means ( pres]v+ ! /ock4 ,%\ld ,summ] signs auspici\s ride4 ,& tubes unfail+ p\r ! balmy tide1 ,a full ri* h>ve/1 ,bee-h]ds1 may ye claim ,f ! bli! t5ants ( y\r cry/al'd frame4 ,b long ere ,virgo weaves ! robe ( sleet1 ,or b9ds ! ho>-fro/ s&als r\nd h] feet4 ,close seal'd & sacr$1 leave y\r toil-worn ho/s4 ,! la/ k9d dole _! wan+ season boa/s1 ,le/ coop'd )9 _! walls1 ! truants prey ,on ho>ds res]v'd to *e] /]n ,w9t]'s day4 ,evans4 ,mr4 ,hubb>d says t he has f\nd coloniz$ bees frequ5tly fail1 9 consequ5ce ( _! hav+ be5 robb$ ( too mu* honey2 x prev5ts e>ly bre$+4 ,wildman p>ticul>ly recomm5ds cauti\s deprivation aft] ,july1 to avoid ! att5tion :i* might be requir$ 9 fe$+1 if ! autumn %\ld be unfav\rable4 ,s mu* = ! fir/ & second ye>s4--,on ! ?ird1 if ! summ] ( t ye> z well z ! summ] prec$+ h be5 fav\rable = honey-ga!r+1 ! sup]ior box w probably conta9 no brood1 & may !n be tak5 all at once4 ,! proce$+s ( ! f\r? & fif? ye>s may fall "u ! practice ( ! second1 b w probably all[ ( an e>li] deprivation2 "s side combs may p]haps be tak5 away 9 ,july1 & 9 ,octob] ei!r ! nadir or ! c5tre box be remov$ entirely1 & ^? above 7if m ?an "o7 be br\ght d[n1 & rema9 s till ,april2 :5 ! nadir may be introduc$ aga94 ,no hive or box %\ld h its bre$+ combs left m ?an five ye>s2 & 9 g5]al1 aft] ! fir/ ye>1 ! l[] boxes w be f\nd to be pr9cipally occupi$ = ?is purpose4 ,by ?is practice = f\r ye>s out ( e five1 :atev] combs are remov$ w be new ones1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! purity bo? ( ! wax & ! honey1 are greatly pref]able to old ones4 ,virgil1 probably copy+ 8 pr$ecessor ,ari/otle1 describes two h>ve/s ( honey e ye>1 namely1 9 ! spr+ & 9 ! autumn4 ,! gold5 h>ve/ twice ea* ye> o'erfl[s1 ,?\1 twice ea* ye>1 ! pl5te\s cells unclose1 ,soon z fair ,plez1 bright'n+ into day4 ,scorns ) indignant foot ! wat'ry way1 ,or1 :5 desc5d+ d[n ?' arial /eep1 ,%e p\rs h] pale ray on ! w9try deep4 ,so!by's ,georgics4 ,v>ro m5tions ?ree h>ve/s2 namely1 at ! ris+ ( ! ,pleiads1 ab\t ! tw5ty-second ( ,april2 ! latt] end ( summ]1 & :5 ! same />s set ab\t ! end ( ,octob]3 ,columella recomm5ds !m to take place ab\t ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,april & ! tw5ty-n9? ( ,june2 ,pl9y 9 ,may & ,july2 & ,palladius 9 ,june only4--,evans4 ,%\ld su* an accid5t occur z ! de/ruction ( a que51 by ! introduction ( a divid] 7& %e might be s un=tunately situat$ z to fall a sacrifice to x71 ! /ock w appe> v mu* di/ress$ & v re/less all day1 p>ticul>ly if !re be no ,royal ,embryo or no v "y l>va2 = 9 ei!r ( ^! cases !y w soon become reconcil$4 ,b if nei!r ( !m be pres5t1 & ! bees be left to !mselves1 !y w lose _! wont$ activity1 gradually dw9dle 9 numb] & p9e away3 or !y w transf] _! allegiance to ano!r sov]eign2 & 9 t case1 convey all ! treasur$ sweets ( _! own hive1 to t ( ! family !y jo94 ,! only rem$y = su* a mis=tune is to unite ! bees to ano!r /ock1 9 ! mann] already direct$1 or to procure a sup]num]>y que5 f ano!r family4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 is an op]ation :i* few w h c\rage to attempt4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,tak+ ,,honey ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,divid]s4 ,aft] hav+ not$ ! utility ( ,divid]s1 9 add+ fre% empty boxes1 ! read] w readily p]ceive _! importance 9 ! removal ( full ones1 :5 ! p]iod arrives = depriv+ a colony ( a portion ( its honey4 ,9 ?is case1 ! two divid]s mu/ be introduc$ betwe5 ! middle bo>d ( ! box to be remov$ & ! box bel[ x1 precisely z 9 nadir hiv+4 ,9 ! act ( deprivation a little m =ce w be requir$ to pu% 91 z well z to )draw ! divid]1 z x w g5]ally h to pass ?r\gh a portion ( honey-comb4 ,! above directions apply to ! removal ( an upp] box1 :i* w 9 g5]al be ! fir/ = :i* !y w be requir$4 ,:5 any o!r is to be tak5 away1 ! plan ( proce$+ mu/ be v>i$1 b x w\ld be t$i\s to give directions = e case2 an intellig5t op]ator by an att5tion to ! in/ructions already giv51 & 8 own reflection1 w be able to adapt 8 mode ( proce$+ to ! p>ticul> exig5cy4 ,only "o divid] %\ld be introduc$ till ! situation ( ! que5 be asc]ta9$3 if %e be 9 ! box int5d$ = removal1 ! divid] mu/ be )drawn1 & ! exp]im5t tri$ aga9 9 a week or two4 ,if 9 an h\r aft] ! introduction ( ! divid]1 ! bees 9 ! box int5d$ to be tak5 %\ld exhibit symptoms ( inquietude1 x may be assum$ t ! que5 is n )9 t box1 ! di/urbance be+ caus$ by ! anxiety ( ! bees to h access to h]2 :]eas if %e be 9 ! box1 ! bees 9 company ) h] w be tranquil1 & ! exclud$ portion ( ! family w be 9 a /ate ( commotion4 ,hav+1 we w suppose1 asc]ta9$ t ! que5 is 9 ! desir$ place1 ! second divid] %\ld be introduc$ z be=e direct$1 :5 ! box1 ) "o ( ! divid]s und]nea? x1 mu/ be remov$4 ,! api>ian1 :5 p]=m+ ?is op]ation = ! fir/ "t1 may f9d x conv5i5t to raise a /age ( empty bee-boxes or o!r conv5i5t articles1 on "o side or at ! back ( ! box to be remov$1 & ^u a level ) ! bottom ( its middle bo>d2 he c !n1 aft] hav+ introduc$ ! divid]s1 v easily slide ! full box1 ) its middle bo>d & divid]1 ov] 8 tempor>y /age4 7,?is mode ( proce$+ may likewise be f\nd applicable on o!r occasions47 ,! op]ation hav+ proce$$ ?us f>1 ! box is ready = be+ appli$ ov] ! hole ( deliv]y1 :]e a floor bo>d %\ld be plac$ ) its slid+ %utt] op51 & ) an uncov]$ empty box ^u x4 7,if ! full box 7 itself plac$ ^u ! floor bo>d1 /rang] bees might smell ! honey & become v tr\blesome intrud]s3--?is is ! reason :y an empty box is int]pos$ betwixt ! full "o & ! floor bo>d47 ,! full box & middle bo>d1 ) ! divid] und]nea? !m1 be+ rais$ ^u ! empty box & ! divid] )drawn1 a portion ( ! bees w imm$iately sally =?1 to jo9 ! family f :i* !y h be5 sep>at$4 ,i say a portion1 = not)/&+ _! atta*m5t to _! que51 !y w n all quit1 )\t reluctance1 s great a treasure z a box full ( honey2 if any ( ! combs conta9 brood also1 ?is reluctance w be increas$4 ,:5 !re=e ! bees issue sl[ly1 ! slid+ %utt] %\ld be clos$1 & re-op5$ 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,?is %ort imprisonm5t w produce "s impati5ce & re/lessness1 & consequ5t eag]ness to be set at lib]ty2 & on re-op5+ ! %utt] !re w be a fre% sally3 ?is me?od mu/ be pursu$1 at simil> successive int]vals1 till all or ne>ly all ! bees h quitt$ ! box2 %\ld a few /ill rema91 ! box1 t[>ds ev5+1 may be tak5 out ( doors & ! /raggl]s bru%$ out ^u a bo>d or clo?1 ) a w+1 & plac$ ^u a support ne> ! entrance to ! /ock2 ^? t are n injur$ by ! w+ w soon f9d _! way 93 ?us w ! :ole op]ation be complet$4 ,b if ! upp] /ory be tak51 x w be obvi\s t ei!r an empty box or a top bo>d mu/ be plac$ ov] ! /ock4 ,if ?is me?od ( deprivation %\ld fail ( success1 "s o!r c\rse mu/ be pursu$4 ,mr4 ,isaac's plan promises well4 ,aft] remov+ ! box f ! /ock1 he us$ to conf9e 8 bees 9 x1 till _! ang] & agitation _h r5d]$ _! prison s hot & uncom=table1 & probably s un:olesome1 by ! det]ioration ( ! air1 t !y 7 glad ( an opportunity to quit x1 :i* he soon af=d$ !m4 ,unscrew+ ! top ( 8 box1 & introduc+ a divid] und]nea? x1 he plac$ an empty box ov] ! full "o1 & op5$ a communication betwe5 ! two1 by )draw+ ! divid]4 ,at ! same "t he gave an additional impulse to ! asc5t ( ! bees by drumm+ sm>tly ^u ! sides ( ! full box4 ,:5 ! bees 7 entirely or ne>ly gone1 he took out ei!r ! :ole ( ! combs or su* z conta9$ honey )\t brood1 proce$+ accord+ to ! directions giv5 9 page #afc4 ,!re is ano!r res\rce1 9 ! me?od uni=mly practis$ by ,mr4 ,keys1 viz4 t ( fum+1 :i* is effect$ by plac+ an empty box ov] ! full "o1 9 ! mann] describ$ above1 & expell+ ! bees ) ! smoke ( burn+ puff balls1 probably t ( wooll5 rags w\ld answ] z well1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,keys relies ^u ! /upify+ quality ( ! puff balls1 :i* h[ev]1 he says1 is 9 a great measure lo/ if ! balls be kept m ?an a ye>4 ,! op]ation may be aft]w>ds f9i%$ 9 ! usual way4 ,:]e /raw-hives are us$1 or :]e boxes are surm\nt$ by !m1 a v simple me?od ( tak+ ! honey1 )\t de/roy+ ! bees1 0 adopt$ by ,j4 ,f4 ,m4 ,dova/on1 ,esq4 a ,salopian g5tleman4 ,i w suppose t he took (f ! hive ) a middle bo>d & divid] und]nea? x2 he !n inv]t$ x ^u a kettle ( hot wat]1 fitt$ to receive ! hive )\t any "p s9k+ into ! wat]2 ! :ole be+ surm\nt$ by an empty box1 & ! divid] )drawn3 9 t5 m9utes ! heat s annoy$ ! bees1 t !y 7 he>d m>*+1 magno cum fremitu1 into ! empty hive4 ,9 a few m9utes1 :5 all 0 quiet1 ! divid] be+ introduc$ aga91 ! hive 0 replac$ by ! box conta9+ ! bees4 ,mr4 ,d4 f\nd t on ?is plan n a s+le bee rema9$ among ! combs4 ,i see no good reason :y a simil> practice %\ld n be adopt$ ) boxes or ,moreton-hives2 9 ?is case ! wat] 9 ! kettle %\ld be heat$ gradually by a *aff+-di%1 & ! box or hive %\ld h a p]=at$ divid] "u x1 l t = unit+ /ocks3 ! empty box _h bett] communicate ) ! op5 air1 le/ ! heat ( ! /eam %\ld be intol]able to ! bees4 ,hav+ ! top unscrew$ w\ld probably answ] ! purpose1 z x c\ld !n be easily pu%$ on "o side4 ,dr4 ,evans1 :5 he c\ld n readily dislodge ! bees f ! box1 _h rec\rse to ,dr4 ,w>d]'s plan ( plac+ x ov] an inv]t$ empty box1 t conta9$ a light$ sulphur mat*1 ! fumes ( :i* /upifi$ ! bees'2 & on ! upp] hive be+ rapp$1 !y fell d[n 9 a /ate ( ins5sibility1 b soon reviv$ & jo9$ ! family1 by ! usual entrance4 ,! fumes ( sulphur answ]$ z well z ^? ( ! n>cotic fungus recomm5d$ by ,?orley & ,keys1 :i* x is sometimes difficult to procure & tr\blesome to prep>e4 ,imm]s+ ! bees 9 cold wat] w\ld answ]1 ) a glass or e>!nw>e hive4 ,dr4 ,evans 0 l$ to adopt x 9 consequ5ce ( read+ ,wildman's acc\nt ( ,madame ,vicat's me?od ( cle>+ h] bees f v]m91 by plung+ !m 9 wat]4 ,! *apt] on ,bee-maladies conta9s "s rem>ks on ?is subject4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( my api>ian inquiries1 ,i felt t !re 0 a want ( m m9ute in=mation ?an is giv5 by ,keys2 & o!rs ) :om ,i h conv]s$ ^u ! subject1 h _h ! same feel+3 ?is has induc$ me to ent] into a descriptive detail ( ! :ole bus9ess ( sup]-hiv+1 nadir-hiv+1 & deprivation4 ,^? :o are 9 possession ( ,! anci5t ,bee-ma/]'s ,f>ewell1 w p]ceive t ,i h made "s alt]ations 9 ! boxes ( ,keys & "s additions to !m3 ! pr9cipal ( ^! are ! s9k+ ( ! entrances 9 ! floor bo>ds1 in/ead ( hav+ !m cut 9 ! l[] edges ( ! boxes2 hav+ fix$ b>s ^u ! tops ( ! boxes1 in/ead ( ,keys's loose ones1 & ! use ( middle bo>ds4 ,! fir/ 0 my own sugge/ion1 ! two la/ 7 improvem5ts made by ,mr4 ,walond4 ,entrances made 9 ! floor bo>ds enable ! api>ian to place 8 boxes ^u ! bo>ds 9 :atev] direction he *ooses1 & r5d] slid+ %utt]s 9 ! upp] boxes unnecess>y4 ,! loose b>s 7 inconv5i5t1 f ! bees atta*+ _! combs to ! sides ( ! boxes1 :i* !y almo/ always d1 z well z f _! atta*+ e comb to two or ?ree b>s4 ,! middle bo>ds facilitate ! introduction ( ! divid]s1 secure ! apiator aga9/ ! effects ( any little irregul>ity 9 ! adaptation ( ! boxes to ea* o!r1 at ! "t ( add+ or tak+ away1 & =m a good f\ndation = a sup]/ructure ( cell-"w2 = sometimes ! bees dep>t f _! usual practice ( susp5d+ _! combs f ! ro(s ( ! boxes1 & build f bel[ upw>ds4 ,x is ! usual cu/om 9 ?is c\ntry1 to sacrifice ! lives ( ! bees1 9 ord] to get possession ( _! /ores4 ,?is is g5]ally done 9 ,septemb]1 by sett+ ! hive1 late 9 an ev5+1 ov] light$ brim/one mat*es1 plac$ 9 a hole dug 9 ! e>?2 ! soil be+ quickly drawn r\nd ! hive1 z well to prev5t ! escape ( any ( ! bees1 z to conf9e ! sulphur\s gas4 ,9 ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 if ! hive receive a few sm>t /rokes on its sides1 ! bees w be f\nd to h dropp$ ins5sible into ! hole1 :]e !y are imm$iately buri$2 o!rwise !y w\ld revive1 su* ( !m at lea/ z 7 n s+$ or o!rwise injur$ by ! fire4 ,! heavie/ & lighte/ hives are usually select$ = ! purpose1 ! =m] z yield+ mo/ pr(it1 ! latt] z be+ unlikely to survive ! w9t]4 ,if1 aft] a hive ( bees has be5 suffocat$1 ! api>ian wi% to se>* = ! que51 ! be/ mode ( do+ s is to lay ! :ole ( ! bees on :ite pap]1 or 9 wat] on a :ite %all[ di%1 & exam9e !m s+ly2 h] col\r ^u ! back is n s rem>kably diff]5t f t ( ! work]s z to be v /rik+2 b on look+ at ! "u "p ( h]1 %e w be imm$iately recognis$4 ,i adv]t$ to ?is latt] mode ( robb+ bees ( _! treasure 9 ,*ap4 ,,xiv4 & !re quot$ ! lam5tation ( ,?omson at _! fate4 ,= ?is humane appeal1 he has be5 ?us apo/rophiz$ by ,dr4 ,evans4 ,& ?\1 sweet ,?omson1 trembl+ly alive ,to pity's call1 ha/ m\rn'd ! slaught]'d hive1 ,curs+1 ) hone/ zeal1 ! c[>d h&1 ,:i* hid1 9 night's d>k veil1 ! murd'r\s br&1 ,9 /eam sulphure\s wrapt ! peaceful dome1 ,& bore ! yell[ spoil triumphant home4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,! ,,bee-,,dress4 ,! ,/orify+ sy/em1 :5 conduct$ ) prop] precaution1 9 a bee-h\se1 r5d]s a bee-dress q sup]flu\s to ! api>ian1 z all 8 op]ations may be safely p]=m$ at all times & 9 all wea!rs1 )\t "o4 ,!y may be z securely p]=m$1 by ! /orifi] 9 a simple %$1 if ! "t ( op]at+ be ei!r e>ly or late 9 ! day1 :5 ! bees are all at home & c be conf9$ by %utt+ ! slide ( ! floor bo>d4 ,/ill1 z timidity may fo/] a feel+ ( insecurity1 & z ! arm\r ( a bee-dress may give confid5ce to an op]ator1 ,i %all describe ! dress t appe>s to me mo/ suitable4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! apiator %\ld be arm$ ) a pair ( ?ick clo? gloves1 made to tie ov] ! sleeves ( 8 coat4 ,secondly1 8 legs %\ld be =tifi$ by a d\ble pair ( ?ick wooll5 or wor/$ /ock+s1 or "s k9d ( /\t legg+s z !y are call$4 ,& ?irdly1 he %\ld be provid$ ) a %ort dress ( ,scot* gauze or catgut4 ,?is dress %\ld be s =m$ z to tie r\nd ! cr[n ( a hat hav+ a %all[ brim 7ab\t #b in*es deep71 %\ld h %ort sleeves to tie r\nd ! arms1 & desc5d l[ en\gh to tie r\nd ! body4 ,a wooll5 apron %\ld also be worn1 z high z ! bottom ( ! catgut dress1 o!rwise1 9 ! language ( ,mr4 ,keys1 ! pry+ little insects may f9d an op5+ ( suffici5t size to enable !m to tickle ! belly4 ,wom51 says ,mr4 ,k4 %\ld n m$dle ) bees1 )\t a bee-dress1 nor !n )\t ! addition ( a man's coat1 & ,i _h almo/ said ( bree*es also4 ,?is dress is ! mo/ complete mode ( secur+ an op]ator f bees or wasps2 b if he be adv5tur\s en\gh to brave _! attacks1 ,i recomm5d him fir/ to dr9k or r9se 8 m\? ) a little malt liquor2 to wa% 8 face & h&s ) ! same1 & to approa* !m ) a bun* ( sweet h]bs 9 8 h&1 g5tly fann+ 8 face ) !m1 :il/ he is 9 ! vic9ity ( _! domicile1 & brea?+ z mu* z possible ?r\gh 8 nose4 7,vide ,"p ,,ii4 ,bee's ,/+47 ,9 case ( an actual or ?reat5$ attack1 7! latt] ( :i* may be kn[n by ! peculi> noise :i* prec$es x17 a def5ce by /rik+ at !m w\ld be highly imprud5t4 ,an attempt may be fir/ made to put !m g5tly away2 %\ld t n succe$1 ! only res\rce is to retire quietly1 & to conceal ! face 9 %rubs or b\ghs1 if any be ne>1 or if n ) ! h&s spread ov] x4 ,! bees w !n g5]ally desi/ f fur!r attack1 & g home4 ,! sm>t quick /rokes ( ! w+s1 :5 bees are angry & prep>$ to /+1 give a s\nd v diff]5t f _! usual buz4 ,in/ead1 says ,mr4 ,hunt]1 ( t s(t cont5t$ noise made by ! bee :5 com+ home load$ on a f9e ev5+1--:5 a bee m$itates an attack ) its /+1 x makes a v diff]5t "o4 ,!re is a pi]c+ %rillness 9 ! s\nd1 z ! au?or & "s ( 8 fri5ds h (t5 exp]i5c$4 ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 aft] quot+ a passage f ,mr4 ,:ite's ,natural ,hi/ory1 relative to ! feign$ attacks ( "s wild bees ne> ,lewes 9 ,sussex1 :i* ) a %>p & ho/ile s\nd da% & /rike r\nd ! heads & faces ( intrud]s1 make ! foll[+ obs]vations4 ,! hive-bee w sometimes h rec\rse to ! same exp$i5t1 :5 h] hive is approa*$ too ne>1 & ?us give y notice :at y may expect1 if y d n take h] w>n+ & retire4--,humble-bees :5 di/urb$1 :e!r out ( ! ne/ or 9 x1 assume "s v grotesque & at ! same "t ?reat5+ attitudes4 ,if y put y\r f+] to !m1 !y w ei!r successively or simultane\sly lift up ! ?ree legs ( "o side2 turn !mselves ^u _! back1 b5d up _! anus & %[ _! /+ accompani$ by a drop ( poison4 ,sometimes !y w ev5 spirt out t liquor4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,fe$+4 ,a /ock ( bees w1 g5]ally1 consume a p\nd ( honey p] mon?1 betwixt ! #a/ ( ,octob] & ! #a/ ( ,m>*3 f ?is "t to ! end ( ,may1 !y w consume two p\nds p] mon?2 if ! spr+ be unfav\rable = ga!r+ e>ly1 & less ?an t5 p\nds ( honey p] /ock h be5 left = _! w9t]'s support1 & t w9t] h prov$ mild1 ! bees %\ld be f$ e>ly 9 ! season1 & sometimes ?r\gh a consid]able "p ( ! mon? ( ,may4 ,i believe ! be/ spr+ food = bees is ! foll[+ comp\nd3 ,a p\nd ( co>se br[n sug> & half a p9t ( ale or sweet wort1 boil$ to ! consi/5ce ( a syrup1 to :i* may be add$ a small portion ( salt4 ,accord+ to ,hub] ! co>se/ sug> enables ! bees to =m ! :ite/ wax4 ,! above mixture is reg>d$1 by "s1 z a useful food = bees ev5 :5 !re is no defici5cy ( honey2 x is suppos$ to enc\rage e>ly bre$+1 & to pres]ve ! heal? ( ! bees2 ,i adm9i/] x inv>iably f ! end ( ,febru>y or ! beg9n+ ( ,m>* till ! bees seem to disreg>d x1 :i* always happ5s z soon z ! fl[]s af=d !m a supply ( honey4 ,!re are two op9ions ^u ! be/ mode ( adm9i/]+ ! syrup3 "o p>ty gives ! pref]5ce to daily fe$+1 9 small quantities2 ! o!r1 to introduc+ a consid]able quantity at once1 & repeat+ x z occasion may require4 ,! majority ( api>ians fav\r ! latt] practice2 among ! numb] are ,reaumur1 ,?orley1 ,isaac1 ,morris1 c4 ! latt] g5tleman obta9$ an aw>d (t5 gu9eas f ! ,society ( ,arts1 = 8 me?od ( fe$+4 ,! advocates ( ! fir/ me?od are ,keys1 ,esp9asse1 & "s o!rs4 ,copi\s fe$+ 9 effect$ by fill+ ! cells on "o side ( a sp>e drone comb1 laid flat ^u ! floor ( ! hive2 or by p\r+ ! syrup into a di%1 or an excavat$ floor bo>d ( twice ! usual ?ickness1 cov]+ ! food ) %ort /raws or pieces ( re$1 ab\t half an in* long1 to prev5t ! bees f soil+ !mselves4 ,! /ock be+ plac$ 9 an ev5+ ov] ! :ole1--9 ! c\rse ( ! night1 or ! foll[+ morn+1 ! bees w c>ry up ! syrup1 & /ore x 9 unoccupi$ cells4 ,:]e x has be5 asc]ta9$ t ! bees h n /or$ a suffici5t quantity ( honey to c>ry !m ?r\gh ! w9t] & ensu+ spr+1 & x is det]m9$ to furni% !m ) a supply 9 ! autumn1 ,i ?9k ?is me?od ( copi\s fe$+ is ! be/4 ,b :5 !y are f$ 9 ! spr+1 ,i ?9k x pref]able to give !m ab\t a table-spoonful a day4 ,?is has g5]ally be5 accompli%$1 by introduc+ into ! m\? ( ! hive a long boat1 =m$ by scoop+ out ! pi? f an eld] /em1 & fill+ x ) ! composition4 ,^u ?is plan1 no m is introduc$ ?an ! case requires1 & frequ5t opportunities are af=d$ ( le>n+ ! condition ( ! bees1 f ! mann] 9 :i* !y receive ! boon4 ,if a little irascibility be exhibit$1 x is a symptom ( heal?2 & ?\gh indiff]5ce to ! pr(f]$ b\nty may n actually betok5 mis*ief1 yet x des]ves att5tion1 & %\ld induce vigilance 9 ! api>ian4 ,fe$+ ^u ! l>ge scale 9 spr+1 tempts ! bees to fill ^? cells :i* may be want$ = ! que5 to deposit h] eggs 91 & ?us proves a drawback ^u ! /r5g? & prosp]ity ( ! hive4 ,x may also cause ! bees to p>take too freely ( ! syrup1 & suff] f _! intemp]ance4 ,:i*ev] mode be adopt$1 ! ext]nal entrances mu/ be clos$1 dur+ ! "t ( fe$+2 & ,i "k ( no bett] contrivance = ?is purpose ?an ,mr4 ,hui%'s t9 gu>ds4 ,)\t ?is precaution1 unf$ /rang] bees1 attract$ by ! smell ( ! syrup1 w banquet ^u x2 & ^! m>aud]s1 hav+ once ta/$ ! repa/1 w n only return to x aga9 & aga9 !mselves1 b br+ 9 _! tra9 a multitude ( o!rs1 to ! great injury ( ! well-f$ api>y4 ,! way 9 :i* ,i fe$ my own bees is exce$+ly simple1 & att5d$ ) no risk to ! api>ian4 ,at ! close ( ! ga!r+ season1 ,i turn my boxes & _! floors a qu>t] r\nd1 & adapt to !m a long n>r[ box ) a glass top & two op5+s1 "o at ! end1 s]v+ z a /reet door1 ! o!r 9 ! side s]v+ z a hall door lead+ into ! box1 z %[n 9 ! foll[+ sket*4 ,illu/ration ,9 an ev5+1 :5 ! bees are all at home1 ,i pu% 9 ! slide ( ! floor bo>d1 raise ! glaz$ box1 & place ! syrup "u x3 !n ,i close ! ext]nal entrance1 & )draw ! slide to admit ! bees to ! food3 by morn+ ,i g5]ally f9d t my donation has be5 remov$4 ,i place ! syrup 9 a small %all[ sauc]1 cov]$ ov] ) ,scot* gauze1 ?r\gh :i* ! bees suck x )\t sme>+ _! w+s4 ,if ! gauze hang ov] ! sides ( ! sauc]1 x w act z a syphon1 & ! syrup be wa/$3 to obviate ?is inconv5i5ce1 a small hoop ( :ale-bone1 cane1 or o!r pliable mat]ial %\ld be j dropp$ )9 ! edges ( ! sauc]1 & ^u ?is hoop ! gauze %\ld be /ret*$1 turn$ ov] & secur$ ) a ne$le & ?read4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,diseases ,,( ,,bees4 ,i suspect t mu* :i* has be5 writt5 ^u ?is subject is fanciful1 & t mo/ ( ! ailm5ts ( bees orig9ate f want ( cleanl9ess or want ( food2 = if bees be n kept clean1 & be n suppli$ ) food 9 backw>d spr+s1 p>ticul>ly 9 ^? :i* succe$ mild w9t]s1 a mortality among !m is usually exp]i5c$2 & x is 9 spr+ t _! alleg$ maladies prevail4 ,= late ! lynx-ey'd sc\t1 9 nice survey1 ,_h m>k'd ! ravage ( ung5ial ,may1 ,:]e ! lorn bee-h]d wail'd 8 empty %$1 ,its /ores exhau/$1 & its t5ants dead4 ,s m\rn'd ,arcadia's swa9,h 8 honey'd ho/1 ,by ke5 disease or ke5] fam9e lo/4 ,till 8 fond "m1 on h] glassy ?rone1 ,he>d ?r\gh deep ,p5eus',i wave ! filial moan4 ,evans4 ,footnote ,h3 ,ari/u1 ! son ( ,apollo & ! nymph ,cyr5e1 to :om mank9d 7 said to be indebt$ = ! art ( curdl+ milk1 manag+ bees1 mak+ hives1 & cultivat+ olives2 on :i* acc\nt he 0 wor%ipp$ z a ,god by ! ,greeks4 ,he 0 ! fa!r ( ! un=tunate ,acton4 ,footnote ,i3 ,a riv] ( ,!ssaly4 ,dur+ a mild w9t] ! /ock ( honey is (t5 exhau/$1 su* a season enc\rag+ ! bees to be active1 )\t af=d+ any res\rces beyond _! own domicile2 yet x is n uncommon to he> ! keep]s ( bees speak ( a mild w9t] z fav\rable = ! bees4 ,x is mo/ unfav\rable to !m2 & if fe$+ be n duly att5d$ to1 frequ5tly fatal4 ,h5ce a nor!rn aspect has be5 recomm5d$ = hives dur+ w9t]2 & if gu>d$ by prop] cov]+s1 & contrivances aga9/ sn[ & o!r bad wea!r1 su* an aspect is highly prop]4 ,! ,rev4 ,/eph5 ,:ite obs]ves1 t if hives be plac$ on ! nor!rn side ( a build+1 ! bees w seldom be induc$ to come out1 & w eat mu* less ?an if expos$ to ! w9t]'s sun4 ,mr4 ,g$de recomm5ds keep+ !m dur+ w9t]1 n only 9 a cold1 b 9 a d>k situation1 9 ord] to less5 ! consumption ( honey4 ,he ev5 sugge/s ! use ( an ice-h\se1 hav+ f\nd t bees survive ! cold 9 ,sib]ia1 & r5d] ,russia some:at rem>kable = its productiv5ess ( honey4 ,a v obs]v+ g5tleman1 says ,dr4 ,d>w91 at my reque/1 put two hives = _m weeks into a dry cell>1 & obs]v$1 dur+ all t "t1 t !y did n consume any ( _! provision1 = _! weight did n decrease1 z x _h done :5 !y 7 kept 9 ! op5 air4 ,! same obs]vation is made 9 ! ,annual ,regi/] = #agfh1 p4 #aac4 ,! sudd5 transitions f heat to cold1 & f cold to heat1 exp]i5c$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 are detrim5tal to bees2 b ^! vicissitudes w\ld n al>m me1 if ! bees 7 well %elt]$1 & _h a conv5i5t supply ( wat]1 salt & sug>1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! spr+4 ,keys ?\ght !y 7 n fond ( salt3 f my own exp]i5ce z well z f t ( my api>ian fri5ds1 ,i am satisfi$ t he 0 mi/ak51 & my op9ion is confirm$ by ! foll[+ obs]vation 9 ,crevecur's ,travels4 ,"o day1 hav+ rem>k$ t my bees frequ5tly settl$ on spots1 :]e br9e _h be5 spilt1 ,i plac$ "s gra9s ( salt be=e _! hives4 ,:at 0 my a/oni%m5t1 :5 ,i saw !m repeat$ly ta/+ x ) eag]ness1 & c>ry+ x away ) !m6 ,be=e ?is exp]im5t1 ,i c\ld n h believ$ t ! manufactur]s ( honey c\ld ta/e ) pleasure1 a sub/ance s diff]5t f ! nect> ( fl[]s4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #aghb-c1 a g5]al mortality took place among ! bees 9 ?is c\ntry1 :i* 0 attribut$ to v>i\s causes3 want ( honey 0 n "o ( !m2 = 9 "s hives consid]able /ore 0 f\nd1 aft] ! bees 7 gone4 ,"s 7 ( op9ion t x arose f ! prec$+ be+ a bad bre$+ ye>1 & ?\ght ! bees di$ ( old age4 ,o!rs attribut$ x to ! moi/ness ( ! spr+ ( #aghc1 :i* r5d]$ ! provid+ ( poll5 difficult1 = )\t poll5 no brood c be rais$4 ,! difficulty ( collect+ poll5 0 ascrib$ to ! cont9ual clos+ ( ! fl[]s ov] ! an!rs1 ! want ( sun to bur/ ! an!rs1 & ! wa%+ away ( ! poll5 by ! frequ5t %[]s aft] !y did bur/4 ,! fatal influ5ce ascrib$ to ! wetness ( ! spr+ ( #aghb seems to be improbable2 ?\gh ! wet might h affect$ ! quantity ( bees br$1 x 0 n likely to put a /op to _! bre$+ altoge!r1 & ! "y bees ought at any rate to h escap$ ! desolat+ evil1 if x 7 old age alone2 yet :]ev] ! mortality once made its appe>ance1 e bee became its victim4 ,a simil> incid5t occurr$ among ! wasps 9 ! ye> #ahbd4 ,! que5 wasps 7 unusually num]\s 9 ! spr+ ( t ye>1 & yet sc>cely a wasp c\ld be se5 ( any sort 9 ! ensu+ summ] & autumn1 ?\gh !re 0 a great deal ( f9e wea!r & pl5ty ( sun%9e1 ! fruits hav+ rip5$ rem>kably well4 ,9 bo? cases1 x seems probable t ! mortality arose f "s unfav\rable circum/ance at ! bre$+ season1 ) :i* we are unacqua9t$4 ,i am n aw>e t x has be5 attribut$ to any specific di/emp] ( an epidemical nature4 ,mr4 ,knight notic$ a simil> occurr5ce1 z to wasps1 9 ! ye> #ahjf 7,philosophical ,transactions #ahjg1 p4 #bdc72 & 9 #ahae1 ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce made ! same obs]vation4 ,mr4 ,knight suppos$ ! sc>city to arise f a want ( males to impregnate ! que5s4 ,i %all n[ proce$ to notice ! maladies ( bees2 & /ate _! causes1 symptoms & rem$ies1 z ,i h collect$ !m f anci5t & mod]n au?ors4 ,dys5t]y4 ,?is malady 0 attribut$ by ,columella to ! bees extract+ & fe$+ ^u honey collect$ f ! blossoms ( elms & spurge2 he reg>d$ x z an annual di/emp]4 ,by o!rs x has be5 ascrib$ to _! fe$+ too freely ^u ! v]nal honey1 f :atev] s\rce d]iv$2 or f _! be+ oblig$ to eat wax1 ?r\gh want ( o!r food1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! spr+4 ,madame ,vicat suppos$ x to arise f ! fe$+ ^u honey t _h be5 c&i$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! hive be+ expos$ to a sev]e w9t]4 ,reaumur in/itut$ "s exp]im5ts to asc]ta9 ! cause ( dys5t]y1 b !y 7 n satisfactory4 ,! pres5ce ( ?is disord] is indicat$ by ! appe>ance ( ! excrem5t1 :i*1 in/ead ( a r$di% yell[1 exhibits a muddy black col\r1 & has an intol]ably (f5sive smell4 ,also by its be+ void$ ^u ! floors1 & at ! entrance ( ! hives1 :i* bees1 9 a heal?y ,/ate1 are p>ticul>ly c>eful to pres]ve clean4 ,hui% comp>es ! morbid excrem5t to l9se$4 ,v]tigo4 ,v]tige1 z ,du ,c>ne de ,blangy calls x1 is suppos$ to arise f ! bees extract+ ! honey ( delet]i\s plants4 ,i h treat$ fully ^u ?is subject "u ! head ( ,pa/urage4 ,9 addition to :at has be5 !re /at$ ,i w give an extract f ,dr4 ,b>ton's ,pap]1 :o aft] obs]v+ t !re is m poetry ?an philosophy 9 ! foll[+ l9es ( ,pope-- ,9 ! nice bee :at s5se s subtly true ,f poison\s h]bs extracts ! heal+ dew8 says3 ,x is h[ev] mu* to be que/ion$ :e!r ?is noxi\s honey proves s to ! bees !mselves4 ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smi? ass]ts t ! nect> ( plants is n poison\s to bees4 ,syllabus to ,botan4 ,lect4 ,& ,dr4 ,b>ton1 ?\gh dispos$ to adopt ! contr>y op9ion1 gives in/ances to ! same effect4 ,?us a p>ty ( "y m51 induc$ by ! prospect ( ga91 hav+ remov$ _! hives f ,p5nsylvania to ! ,j]seys1 ^: va/ savannahs 7 f9ely pa9t$ ) ! fl[]s ( ! ,kalmia angu/ifolia1 c\ld n use or dispose ( _! honey1 on acc\nt ( its intoxicat+ quality2 yet1 ! bees increas$ prodigi\sly1 an increase only to be expla9$ by _! be+ well & h>mlessly f$4 ,?is disord] is m>k$1 we are told1 by a dizzy mann] ( fly+1 & by irregul> motions1 su* z />t+1 fall+ d[n1 c4 :5 ! bees are pursu+ _! usual occupations4 ,to ^! symptoms succe$ lassitude & dea?4 ,no rem$y has hi!rto be5 discov]$ = ?is malady4 ,hub] says t v]tigo attacks ants1 & causes !m to lose ! p[] ( mov+ 9 a /raight l9e1 & occasions ! p]=mance ( rapid gyrations always 9 ! same direction3 he obs]v$ "o insect make ab\t #ajjj turns 9 an h\r1 describ+ a circle ( ab\t an in* 9 diamet]2 ?is cont9u$ = sev5 days3 he does n say :e!r he ev] knew any in/ance ( a recov]y4 ,9 ,dr4 ,b>ton's +5i\s pap]1 to :i* ,i h already ref]r$ 9 ! *apt] on ,pa/urage1 ! plants enum]at$ z yield+ poison\s honey are ,kalmia angu/ifolia1 latifolia1 & hirsuta2 ,rhodod5dron maximum1 ,azalea nudiflora1 & ,&rom$a m>iana4 ,! honey ( ^! is /at$ to h prov$ injuri\s bo? to dogs & ! human species4 ,! symptoms x usually produces are dimness ( sight or v]tigo1 delirium1 ebriety1 pa9 9 ! /oma* & b[els1 convulsions1 pr(use p]spiration1 foam+ at ! m\?1 vomit+ & purg+2 9 "s in/ances1 tempor>y palsy ( ! limbs1 b v seldom dea?4 ,! be/ mode ( treatm5t is n yet asc]ta9$2 ?\gh ! simil>ity ( ! symptoms1 ! ,doctor says1 w\ld induce u to pursue ! same plan z 9 c\nt]act+ o!r n>cotic poisons4 ,9 ^? cases1 e>ly vomit+1 :e!r spontane\s or induc$ by art1 removes ! disease at once2 & cold ba?+1 s useful 9 o!r spasmodic or convulsive affections1 is employ$ ) consid]able advantage by bo? ,natives & ,europeans4 ,?is %\ld seem to be "o ( ^? cases 9 :i* ! /oma*-pump w\ld be peculi>ly b5eficial1 f ! promptness & c]ta9ty ( its action4 ,to ! cr$it ( ! g5us ( plants la/ nam$1 x %\ld be m5tion$ t "o species 7,&rom$a nitida or lucida ( ,b>tram7 af=ds abundance ( excell5t honey2 h5ce ! "n ( honey-fl[] is giv5 to x1 by ! c\ntry p 9 ,georgia & ,c>ol9a1 n h[ev] m]ely f ! circum/ance j m5tion$1 b f ! regul> position ( ! fl[]s on ! p$uncle1 :i* op5 l ! cells ( a honey-comb1 & f ! od\r ( ^! fl[]s1 :i* greatly resembles t ( honey4--,b>ton4 ,z mo/ ( ! plants enum]at$ 9 ! above li/ are n[ introduc$ into our g>d5s1 & ! ,datura 7common ,?orn ,apple7 has long become p]fectly naturaliz$1 !y might be suppos$ to injure ! ,briti% honey4 ,mo/ probably1 h[ev]1 _! proportion to ! :ole ( ! fl[]s 9 bloom1 is too small to produce any su* inconv5i5ce2 :]eas on _! native cont95t !y exclusively cov] :ole tracts ( c\ntry1 z in/anc$ above 9 ! ,j]seys4 ,evans1 ,b4 ii4 p4 #ie4 ,tumefaction ( ! ,ant5n4 ,! ant5n1 9 ?is disord]1 become swell$ at _! extremities1 :i* resemble ! bud ( a fl[] ready to op51 & !y assume a yell[ col\r1 ( :i* ! =ep>t ( ! head %ortly p>takes2 ! bees becom+ gradually languid & dy+1 if !y h n timely assi/ance4--,?is malady occurs ab\t ! mon? ( ,may4 ,pe/il5ce1 or ,faux ,c\va9 7z ,s*ira* calls x74 ,pe/il5ce has be5 reckon$ among bee-maladies1 & attribut$ to ! resid5ce ( dead l>v 9 ! cells1 f a c>eless deposition ( ova by ! que51 7! head ( ! grub n be+ plac$ 9 a prop] position = exclusion1 :5 t p]iod has arriv$17 x has also be5 ascrib$ to cold1 & to bad nurs+1 t is1 fe$+ ) un:olesome food4 ,treatm5t4 ,! rem$ies :i* h be5 f\nd mo/ successful 9 all ^! maladies1 except+ v]tigo1 are cordials1 namely w9e & sug>4 ,?is circum/ance1 tak5 9 conjunction ) _! occurr+ at ! spr+ ( ! ye>1 t5ds to confirm my op9ion t ! ailm5ts ( bees arise f hung] & fil?4 ,cleanl9ess & timely supplies ( sug>$ ale1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! mon?s ( ,febru>y & ,m>*1 are ! prev5tive rem$ies :i* h hi!rto pres]v$ my bees 9 a /ate ( heal?ful activity4 ,9 ung5ial spr+s1 fe$+ %\ld be cont9u$ ev5 ?r\gh a consid]able "p ( ,may1 if ! prec$+ autumn h be5 unfav\rable1 or if a cold ,may h succe$$ to w>m wea!r 9 e>ly spr+1--! e>lie/ v]nal fl[]s af=d+ b a scanty supply ( honey4 ,! api>ian is sometimes a/oni%$ t he %\ld lose 8 bees at ?is advanc$ season ( ! ye>1 :5 b a %ort "t be=e he _h se5 !m 9 full heal? & activity4 ,_h he af=d$ t food :i* 8 bees c\ld n obta9 f a comp>atively immature & honeyless vegetation1 _! hives w\ld /ill h gladd5$ him ) ! spectacle ( a ?riv+ population4 ,if e'er dank autumn1 ) untimely /orm1 ,! honey'd h>ve/ ( ! ye> de=m1 ,or ! *ill bla/1 f ,eurus' mildew w+1 ,blight ! fair promise ( return+ spr+1 ,full _m a hive b late al]t & gay1 ,droops 9 ! lap ( all-inspir+ ,may4 ,evans4 ,! read] mu/ n[ p]ceive ! importance ( fe$+1 & t ! transition f heal? to languor & dea? is less frequ5tly to be ascrib$ to disease1 ?an to ! want ( ! necess>y means to cont9ue ! vital en]gy4 ,! sudd5ness ( ! unhappy *ange may reasonably lead ! un9=m$ or improvid5t to suppose t an incurable malady has visit$ _! hives3--s long z ! /ore ( honey la/$1 !re 7 heal? & prosp]ity2 b t gone1 fam9e comm5c$ its ravages1 & an ext9ction ( ! bees ( c\rse foll[$4 ,a little =esight & a little tr\ble w\ld h kept (f ! calamity4 ,i am p]haps t$i\sly p>ticul> 9 ?is notice4 ,i wi% to impress my noviciate bee-fri5ds ) ! necessity ( ?us provid+ = _! hives1 t ! mo/ frequ5t ag5t ( mis*ief1--hung]1--may be kept out ( !m4 ,/ill fur!r let me also recomm5d to !m1 on ! approa* ( w9t] to h ! floors ( _! hives or boxes well clean$ f insects & _! eggs1 & f all het]og5e\s matt]4 ,?is is a bus9ess :i* ! bees !mselves1 :5 ! wea!r admits ( x1 are p>ticul>ly att5tive to2 inde$ !y refra91 z mu* z possible1 f dropp+ _! excrem5t ^u ! floors1 tak+ advantage ( e f9e day 9 w9t] to sally =? & get rid ( x4 ,?is 0 prov$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,hunt]3 inde$ !y sometimes fall a sacrifice to _! p]sonal neatness 9 ?is respect1 _! bodies becom+ s swell$1 f ! accumulation ( fces1 z completely to disable !m f fly+1 :5 ! wea!r is suffici5tly fav\rable to admit ( _! go+ out2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 !y fall to ! gr\nd & p]i%4 ,s*ira* & o!rs recomm5d1 9 cases ( ,faux ,c\va91 to cut out ! infect$ combs1 & to clean & fumigate ! hive by burn+ aromatics "u x4 ,9 ,butl]'s ,fem99e ,mon>*ie1 we are gravely told ( a c]ta9 bee-mi/ress1 :o1 f9d+ h] hives fruitless1 & _! t5ants p9+ away ) sickness1 by ! advice ( ano!r female1 w5t to receive ! eu*>i/1 & hav+ kept x 9 h] m\?1 plac$ x1 on h] return home1 9 "o ( ! diseas$ hives4 ,! plague ceas$2 honey accumulat$2 &1 on exam9+ ! inside1 %e f\nd a wax5 *apel & alt>1 ( wondr\s ar*itecture1 & ev5 bells ( ! same mat]ials4--,g5t4 ,mag4 #ahji4 p4 #caf4 ,to prove t !re is mu* ( fancy 9 ! traditional acc\nts respect+ bee-maladies1 ,i w m5tion ! v>i\s hypo!ses conc]n+ dys5t]y4 ,columella speaks ( its aris+ f ! bees fe$+ ^u honey collect$ f elm & spurge blossoms2 my own neighb\rhood ab\nds ) bo?2 b ,i nev] met ) nor sc>cely he>d ( dys5t]y among ! bees "h4 ,evelyn 9 8 ,sylva expresses d\bts ^u ! subject2 & ,dr4 ,evans says he made p>ticul> inquiries ( "s fri5ds 9 ,worce/]%ire1 :i* 7l ?is c\nty--,h]e=d%ire7 ab\nds ) elms1 )\t obta9+ satisfactory in=mation4 ,dys5t]y has also be5 said to be produc$ by a surfeit ( v]nal honey1 simply z su*1 f :atev] fl[]s d]iv$3 7 ?is true x w\ld occur 9 all neighb\rhoods4 ,) respect to its proce$+ f _! eat+ wax1 ,i am decid$ly ( op9ion t wax nev] con/itutes any "p ( _! food1 "u any circum/ances2 n a tittle ( evid5ce c be adduc$ 9 support ( su* an ass]tion4 ,wax is an excrem5titi\s matt]1 secret$ among ! abdom9al folds ( ! bees = ! sole purpose ( con/ruct+ ! honey & brood-combs3 ! scraps ( wax t are obs]v$ 9 w9t] & spr+ ^u ! hive floors1 & :i*1 to ! m9ds ( common obs]v]s1 convey ! idea t !y are crumbs caus$ by ! bees consum+ ! wax = food1 are produc$ by _! nibbl+ ! lids ( ! cells to uncov] ! honey4 ,if ,madame ,vicat's !ory 7 correct1 :at w\ld become ( all ! bees 9 ,sib]ia & o!r nor!rn regions8 ,hui% says he nev] f\nd honey 9 ?is c\ntry to c&y 9 ! combs1 b adds t ,bonn] assur$ him t he _h exp]i5c$ x4 ,vide *apt] on ,honey4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce h giv5 x z _! op9ion1 t dys5t]y arises f ! bees hav+ an insuffici5cy ( poll5 or bee-bread to eat ) _! honey4 ,we h no evid5ce t poll5 con/itutes any "p ( ! food ( adult bees2 & if x did1 !y h g5]ally opportunities ( /or+ x v abundantly1 9 ! autumn1 z well z 9 ! spr+3 & su* is ! provid5t indu/ry ( bees1 t a consid]able surplus is always f\nd 9 e /ock-hive4 ,wildman & ,hui% recomm5d salt = pres]v+ ! heal? ( bees2 & _! frequ5t+ /able dra9s & o!r receptacles ( ur9e gives c\nt5ance to ?is recomm5dation1 z x seems probable t ! sal9e matt] conta9$ 9 ^? fluids attracts ! bees1 _! desire = x ov]com+ t repugnance to (f5sive od\rs :i* w\ld o!rwise occasion !m to avoid su* places4 ,ev5 fre% ur9e has be5 recomm5d$ by ,ranconi1 an ,italian au?or1 9 case ! bees %\ld be attack$ by dys5t]y2--9 all probability a weak solution ( salt w\ld be m acceptable & equally efficaci\s4 ,i always introduce a small portion ( x into ! syrup ) :i* ,i fe$ my bees4 ,keys says t !y are n fond ( salt4 ,vide ,page #ahf4 ,i w close ?is *apt] on ! ,diseases ( ,bees ) an extract f ,ni*olson's ,j\rnal1 vol4 xxiii4 p4 #bcd3 ,sci5tific ,intellig5ce4 ,a l>ge sw>m ( bees hav+ settl$ on a bran* ( ! poison a%1 7,rhus ,v]nix17 9 ! c\nty ( ,we/ ,*e/] 9 ,am]ica1 0 tak5 into a hive ( fir at ?ree o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 & remov$ to ! place :]e x 0 to rema91 at n9e4 ,ab\t five ! next morn+ ! bees 7 f\nd dead1 swell$ to d\ble _! natural size1 & black1 except a few1 :i* appe>$ torpid & feeble1 & soon di$ on exposure to ! air4 ,?is 0 attribut$ to _! be+ poison$ by ! effluvia ( ! ,rhus ,v]nix4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,enemies ,,( ,,bees4 ,among ! enemies ( bees are enum]at$ v>i\s k9ds ( birds1 p\ltry1 mice1 wax-mo?s1 slugs1 hornets1 wasps1 woodlice1 ants1 & spid]s4 ,! mo/ de/ructive enemies ( ! bee1 9 ?is c\ntry1 are wasps1 ^: sup]ior /r5g?1 boldness & numb]1 enable !m to commit great ravages 9 a hive4 ,"o wasp is suppos$ to be a mat* = ?ree bees1 &1 to fil* a belly-full ( honey1 w oppose a ho/ ( bees 9 a v d>+ mann]4 ,! wax-mo? 7,t9ea mellonella7 is also a dang]\s enemy4 ,mr4 ,esp9asse says t ?is is ! smalle/ ( ! g5us1 & x is ( a :iti% br[n col\r4 ,! butt]fly usually appe>s ab\t weak hives 9 ,april1 & may be se5 till ! end ( ,octob]4 ,?is insect is rem>kably active 9 its movem5ts2 & if ! approa* to ! hives be obs]v$ ( a moonlight ev5+1 ! mo?s w be f\nd fly+1 or runn+ r\nd ! hives1 wat*+ an opportunity to ent]2 :il/ ! bees t h to gu>d ! entrances aga9/ _! intrusion1 w be se5 act+ z vigilant s5t9els1 p]=m+ cont9ual r\nds ne> ?is important po/1 ext5d+ _! ant5n to ! utmo/1 & mov+ !m to ! "r & to ! left alt]nately4 ,woe to ! un=tunate mo? t comes )9 _! rea*6 ,x is curi\s1 says ,hub]1 to obs]ve h[ artfully ! mo? kn[s to pr(it1 to ! disadvantage ( ! bees1 :i* require mu* light = see+ objects2 & ! precautions tak5 by ! latt] 9 reconnoitr+1 & expell+ s dang]\s an enemy4 ,adroitly glid+ betwe5 ! gu>ds1 ! mo?s w (t5 contrive to ins9uate !mselves1 unp]ceiv$1 into ! hives1 & riot ^u ! honey4 ,:5 !y h obta9$ possession1 !y deposit _! eggs ^u ! sides ( ! combs2 ! cat]pill> is =m$ & inclos$ 9 a case ( :ite silk2 at fir/1 x is l a m]e ?read1 b gradually increases to ! size ( a quill1 & dur+ its gr[? fe$s ^u ! wax ar\nd x4 ,x seems v extraord9>y1 & w\ld be almo/ incr$ible if ! fact 7 n well atte/$1 t su* t9y creatures %\ld live 9 ! mid/1 & at ! exp5se ( myriads ( su* =midable insects z bees1 protect$ z !y are by coats ( mail1 arm$ ) weapons ( (f5ce1 & ev] wat*ful ( _! treasure4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is ! havoc sometimes made by ^! app>5tly insignificant1 b active enemies1 z n[ & !n to compel a colony ( bees to emigrate1 & seek ano!r habitation4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e ! api>y is g5]ally situat$ ne> ! dwell+1 birds d n commit any great ravages4 ,mr4 ,esp9asse ?9ks t 9 g5]al !y come only = dead bees & l>v1 :i* may h be5 ?r[n out ( ! hives4 ,b 9 ,am]ica1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,hector ,/4 ,john1 ! k+ bird1 ! protector ( corn-fields f ! depr$ation ( cr[s1 is a great de/roy] ( bees4 ,aft] %oot+ ^! birds1 ,mr4 ,/4 ,john has f\nd bees 9 _! craws1 f "o ( :i* he took z _m z a hundr$-&-sev5ty-"o3 on lay+ !m all on a blanket 9 ! sun1 fifty-f\r ( !m return$ to life1 lick$ !mselves clean1 & joyfully w5t back to _! hives4 ,_m wond]ful tales ( ?is k9d h be5 told1--su* z ! recov]y ( flies t _h be5 inclos$ = a consid]able "t 9 bottles ( liquor 7madeira74 ,an in/ance ( ?is is relat$ by ,wildman1 :o says 8 in=mant 0 a v +5i\s & accurate g5tleman3--t ! madeira _h be5 br\ght1 9 bottle1 f ,virg9ia to ,london1 & t ! flies :5 expos$ to a w>m sun = an h\r or two1 7 s completely reanimat$1 z to take w+2 ?us putt+ to ! te/1 z ,wildman's fri5d obs]v$1 ! tru? ( ! op9ion1 t a fly _c be dr[n$4--,a v m>vell\s tale 0 relat$ la/ ye> 9 ! newspap]s1 ( ! recov]y ( "s app>5tly dead bees aft] ! sub/ance conta9+ !m _h be5 submitt$ to a consid]able heat or to a *emical process4 ,mr4 ,/4 ,john's /atem5t is )9 ! b\nds ( cr$ibility3 x seems to h be5 a case ( susp5d$ animation ( %ort cont9uance1 n produc$ by exposure to gas or to any liquid likely to prove delet]i\s to !m2 & x is well kn[n t bees (t5 recov] ev5 aft] suffocation ) sulphur\s gas4 ,bees may be imm]s$ 9 wat] = a long "t1 )\t loss ( life4 ,reaumur saw !m recov] aft] n9e h\rs imm]sion4 ,dr4 ,evans accid5tally left "s eighte5 h\rs 9 wat]2 :5 lad$ out ) a spoon & plac$ 9 ! sun%9e ! majority ( !m recov]$4 ,o!r animals1 ( analog\s species1 exhibit /ill m wond]ful resurrections4 ,de ,ge] has obs]v$ "o species ( mite to live = "s "t 9 _s ( w9e2 & ,mr4 ,kirby /ates t be+ desir\s ( pres]v+ a v pretty lady-bird1 & n kn[+ h[ to accompli% x1 he imm]s$ x 9 g5eva4 ,aft] leav+ x1 says he1 9 ?is situation a day & a night1 & see+ x )\t motion1 ,i conclud$ x 0 dead1 & laid x 9 ! sun to dry4 ,x no soon]1 h[ev]1 felt ! w>m? ?an x began to move1 & aft]w>ds flew away4 ,?is circum/ance laid ! f\ndation ( ,mr4 ,k4's /udy ( entomology4 ,( ?is adh]5ce to life1 advantage has be5 tak5 at ! "t ( deprivation1--rec\rse hav+ be5 _h to imm]sion = remov+ a portion ( ! combs1 ! bees 7 aft]w>ds spread on a clo? 9 ! sun1 & became reanimat$4 ,dr4 ,d]ham says t he has kn[n bees revive aft] rema9+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs "u an exhau/$ air-pump4 ,aft] long subm]sion ! proboscis ( ! bee is g5]ally unfold$1 & /ret*$ to its full l5g?4 ,! fir/ symptom ( return+ animation1 is a motion at its extremity1 succe$$ by a simil> motion at ! extremities ( ! legs4 ,hav+ s f> progress$ t[>ds recov]y1 ! tongue is soon fold$ up aga91 & ! bee prep>$ to resume its cu/om>y occupations4 ,mo?s & spid]s %\ld be wat*$ & de/roy$ 9 an ev5+1 z at t "t ! =m] are hov]+ ab\t1 & ! latt] lay+ _! sn>es2 at t "t too !re w\ld be less dang] ( annoy+ ! bees1 or ( be+ annoy$ by !m4 ,:]ev] mo?s h ga9$ possession ( a hive1 x is always necess>y to de/roy ! bees1 or to drive !m into ano!r hive4 ,att5tion to ! foll[+ p>ticul>s may gu>d ! bees f _m ( _! enemies4 ,a frequ5t clean+ ( ! hive floors2 ! use ( new or well clean$ hives2 ! timely r5ewal ( ! cov]+s1 & keep+ ! gr\nd b>e ar\nd ! api>y1 p>ticul>ly 9 front ( x4 ,?is la/ precaution may also prev5t ! entanglem5t ( ! bees 9 rubbi% or long /raggl+ vegetables1 %\ld !y on _! return home fall d[n ?r\gh fatigue or ! weight ( _! loads4 ,f rats & mice ! sure/ safegu>d is an appropriate position ( ! hives2 traps may also be laid1 & 9 w9t] ! entrances into ! hives contract$4 ,x w be prud5t likewise to case ! legs ( ! bee-b5*es ) t94 ,bees 9 a heal?y vigor\s /ate w attack & kill an intrud+ m\se2 b 9 w9t] x might commit great depr$ations1 & cause ! emigration ( ! bees on ! return ( w>m wea!r4 7,mr4 ,esp9asse says t he has kn[n a m\se take up 8 w9t] qu>t]s 9 a hive1 )\t de/roy+ ! bees47 ,= protection aga9/ ants1 :i* sometimes ent] ! hives & eat ! honey1 ,mr4 ,cobbett1 9 8 ,cottage ,economy1 recomm5ds t ! p$e/als or legs ( ! b5*es support+ ! hives %\ld be surr\nd$ by a gre5 /ick1 twi/$ into a circul> =m & cov]$ ) t>2 & if ! ant ne/ c be trac$1 t boil+ wat] %\ld be p\r$ into ! c5tre ( x1 at night1 :5 all ! family are at home4 ,! t>r+ ( ! /ick %\ld be repeat$ e two or ?ree days3 ! legs ( ! /ool1 or ! po/s on :i* ! %$ /&s1 may also be t>r$4 ,"s bees may be lo/ by /ick+ 9 ! t>1 b ?is disadvantage w be m ?an c\nt]-balanc$ by ! de/ruction ( ! ants4 ,slak$ lime may be b5eficially spread ab\t a foot wide r\nd ! api>y4 ,! usual cu/om has be5 to r5ew ?is spr9kl+ ( lime e two or ?ree days3 b ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,col]idge 7,s\!y's ,brazil1 i4 #fde7 %[ t ?is /ep is unnecess>y3 by exposure to ! air1 lime is conv]t$ into *alk2 & accord+ to ,mr4 ,c1 7:o /ates t ! =mic acid transpires f ! bodies ( ants s z to leave its traces ^u ! sub/ances :i* !y trav]se17 if ants attempt to pass ov] *alk1 ! eff]vesc5ce produc$ betwe5 ! *alk & ! acid w be s consid]able z to burn _! legs4 ,x has be5 said t a bee _c kill an ant1 :5 bitt52 b t ! bee in/ead ( mak+ resi/ance1 flies away & c>ries ! ant ) x4 ,m4 ,reaumur 0 ( op9ion t ants 7 n to be reckon$ among ! enemies ( bees2 & he relates an in/ance ( _! liv+ z v close neighb\rs1 yet 9 p]fect h>mony4 ,! ants e/abli%$ !mselves betwe5 ! glass panes ( 8 bee-box & ! wood5 %utt]s :i* cov]$ !m2 & z a simil> circum/ance occurr$ to ,bonnet1 & 9 o!r ( ,reaumur's hives also1 x seems probable t ! ants took up _! qu>t]s 9 ?is situation = ! sake ( ! equable w>m? t ! bees w\ld imp>t to _! eggs4 ,ants 7 )\t ! hive1 says ,reaumur1 & bees )92 a s+le glass only sep>at+ two nations1 s diff]5t 9 mann]s1 9 cu/oms1 & g5ius4 ,! bees 7 abundantly provid$ ) a da9ty ( :i* ants are exce$+ly fond1 ,i mean honey4 ,! ants _h j reason to be appreh5sive t ! bees w\ld be uneasy1 & jeal\s to pres]ve s preci\s a treasure4 ,nev]!less ! utmo/ h>mony & concord prevail$ betwe5 ! two nations4 ,n a s+le ant 0 tempt$ to ent] ! hive1 h[ /rongly soev] %e might be invit$ by ! fragrance ( ! honey2 nor did any bee di/urb ! ants1 ?\gh sup]ior to !m 9 p[]2 ! sev]al individuals1 on ea* side1 w5t 9 & out peaceably2 !y w\ld meet 9 ! way )\t teaz+ or mole/+ "o ano!r3 respect on "o side1 & complac5cy on ! o!r1 7 ! f\ndation ( ?is peace4--,nat4 ,hi/ory ( ,bees1 p4 #ceb4 ,! de/ruction ( que5 wasps & que5 hornets 9 ! spr+1 & ( wasps' & hornets' ne/s 9 ! summ]1 w prove ! be/ security aga9/ ^? =midable enemies4 ,none b que5 wasps & que5 hornets appe> 9 ! spr+4 ,ev]yone :i* is !n annihilat$ w\ld probably h be5 ! f\nd] ( a k9dr$ colony1 & e colony ( wasps at a mod]ate computation may be calculat$ to produce at lea/ #cj1jjj 9 a season4 ,^! de/roy]s may (t5 be wat*$ to _! homes & ext]m9at$ 9 ! night1 by brim/one1 gunp[d]1 or boil+ wat]4 ,! wood5 gu>ds inv5t$ by ,esp9asse1 or ! t9 gu>ds ( ,hui%1 w be v useful 9 case ( a =midable attack1 & _h bett] be made use ( if an assault be appreh5d$ f ^! pr$atory insects4 ,p[d] & %ot are ! only protectors f ! visits ( birds4 ,! exclusion ( p\ltry mu/ be left to ! +5uity ( ! api>ian4 ,9 an ung5ial autumn1 x is n uncommon = bees t are ill-manag$ & n prop]ly f$1 to plund] ! ho>ds ( _! own species1 & bees t h ?us acquir$ pr$atory habits1 become great annoy]s ( indu/ri\s & well-f$ colonies2 !y are kn[n by ! "n ( corsair bees4 ,on ^! occasions spies are said to be s5t our to asc]ta9 ! respective /r5g?s ( neighb\r+ colonies1 & to select ! weake/ = attack4 ,!y make simil> attacks ^u ! ne/s ( humble-bees1 z well z ^u ! bees !mselves2 9 ! =m] case !y w c>ry (f almo/ ! :ole ( ! /ores t h be5 collect$1 unrepuls$ by its proprietors2 & 9 ! latt] case1 says ,hub]1 ! humble-bee1 accu/om$ to su* exactions1 yields up its honey1 & resumes its flight4 ,9 bo? cases x r5ews its lab\r 9 ! fields1 & repairs ) its surplus treasure to its usual asylum1 & t ev5 aft] repeat$ robb]ies4 ,mr4 ,hubb>d says t he has kn[n repeat$ in/ances ( weak /ocks be+ expell$ f _! hives by /rong ones4 ,! be/ rem$ies = ?is evil are ! contraction ( ! entrances1 z = gu>d+ aga9/ wasps1 or a *ange 9 ! situation ( ! hives4 ,dr4 ,d>w9 9 8 ,phytologia has relat$ an in/ance ( a besieg$ hive be+ remov$ to a di/ant & m ea/]ly "p ( ! same g>d53 ! assailants 9 ?is case did n foll[1 & ! bees resum$ _! usual occupations4 ,removal to a /ill great] di/ance w\ld seem to promise m c]ta9 relief4 ,9 ord] to raise _! c\rage above its natural height :5 ?us attack$1 ,s*ira* recomm5ds mix+ a little w9e or br&y ) honey1 & pres5t+ x to ! bees t are besieg$4 ,hub] has call$ ! att5tion ( ,naturali/s to :at he designat$ z a new enemy ( bees1 ! ,sph9x ,atropos or ,dea?'s-head ,hawk-mo?1 to :i* 8 att5tion seems to h be5 fir/ direct$ 9 #ahjd4 ,?is gigantic mo?1 :i* d]ives its "n f hav+ ^u its back a m>k some:at resembl+ a dea?'s head1 has1 f ?is cause toge!r ) its size1 7:i* at fir/ caus$ x to be mi/ak5 = a bat17 produc$ great al>m among/ ! p ( "s c\ntries1 be+ reg>d$ by !m z ! h>b+] ( "s calamity4 ,kuhn speaks ( its hav+ be5 notic$ 9 ! api>ies ( "s monks at ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 z well z 9 ! bee-h\ses ( o!r p]sons3 & ,campbell1 9 8 ,travels1 m5tions x z plund]+ ! wild bees 9 ,africa ( _! honey4 ,?is mo? makes its appe>ance t[>ds ! close ( summ]3 x has ! faculty ( emitt+ a %rill m\rnful cry1 :i*1 :5 ?reat5$ by ! v5geance ( ! bees1 has ! p[] ( dis>m+ _! fury4 ,x op]ates ^u !m l ! voice ( _! que51 & ?us enables ! mo? to commit ! greate/ ravages 9 ! hives1 ) p]fect impunity4 ,hub] asc]ta9$ t x c\ld n produce ! same effect ^u humble-bees2 = :5ev] _! ne/s are ent]$ by "o ( ^! insects1 x is imm$iately attack$ & driv5 out4 ,"o t ,hub] introduc$ into a ne/ ( humble-bees 0 actually /ung to dea? by !m1 b n till _m w\nds _h be5 inflict$ ^u its mo/ s5sible "p1 ! belly4 ,on dissect+ "o ( ^! mo?s1 he f\nd a table-spoonful ( pure honey 9 its abdom54 ,! proce$+s ( bees1 :5 attack$ by ! ,sph9x ,atropos1 z detail$ 9 ! ,*apt] on ,in/9cts1 w sugge/ to ! api>ian ! be/ plan to be adopt$1 :5ev] ?is =midable insect %all invade _! t]ritories4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,exotic ,,bees4 ,bees are1 9 all probability1 ! mo/ univ]sal ( all animals2 & not)/&+ _! impati5ce ( cold1 !y seem adapt$ to live 9 all climates4 ,!y are accord+ly to be met ) 9 e qu>t] ( ! globe1 & 9 e qu>t] !y seem to fl\ri%1 if duly att5d$ to4 ,9 all tropical climates !re are little black bees )\t /+s4 ,^? ( ,guadal\pe are only half ! size ( ^? 9 ,europe1 & are r\nd] 9 _! =m4 ,!y build 9 holl[ trees1 or 9 ! cavities ( rocks by ! sea-side1 :]e !y lay up _! honey 9 cells ab\t ! size & %ape ( a pigeon's egg2 ^! cells are ( a black or deep violet col\r1 & jo9$ toge!r1 s z to leave no space betwe5 !m2 !y hang 9 clu/]s almo/ l a bun* ( grapes2 ea* cell some:at resembles a small bottle or bladd]2 :5 fill$ ) honey ! cell is clos$ up4 ,! honey collect$ by ^! bees is said n to be s unpalatable nor s surfeit+ z t ( ,europe4 ,by unpalatable ,i conceive ! writ]s m]ely to mean1 t x has less ( t peculi> flav\r :i* ,european honey possesses4 ,a writ] 9 ! #ae? volume ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 /ates t _! honey is always 9 a fluid /ate1 & z cle> z rock wat]1 =m+ an agreeable bev]age1 :i* tak5 on an empty /oma* 9 ! quantity ( ab\t half a p9t1 acts m$ic9ally 9 ab\t two h\rs1 b n s :5 tak5 ) ! meals4 ,!re is a species ( bees 9 ,guiana :i* ga!r v delici\s honey1 & h no /+s4 ,^! also con/ruct _! combs 9 a diff]5t mann] f ! hive-bee ( our hemisph]e4 ,accord+ to ,hub]'s translator1 !re are bees 9 ,india t con/ruct "u ! b\ghs ( a tree a s+le comb ( v l>ge dim5sions4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ acc\nt ( exotic bees t ,i h met )1 is 9 ,mr4 ,basil ,hall's highly in/ructive & ent]ta9+ ,j\rnal writt5 on ! coa/s ( ,*ili1 ,p]u & ,mexico1 9 #ahbj1 -#a1 & -#b1 ( :i* ,i %all "h give a transcript4 ,f ! ,plaza1 we w5t to a h\se :]e a bee-hive ( ! ,c\ntry 0 op5$ 9 our pres5ce4 ,! bees1 ! honey-comb1 & ! hive1 diff] ess5tially f ^? 9 ,engl&4 ,! hive is g5]ally made out ( a log ( wood f two to ?ree feet long & eight or t5 in*es 9 diamet]1 holl[$ out1 & clos$ at ! ends by circul> doors1 cem5t$ closely to ! wood1 b capable ( be+ remov$ at pleasure4 ,"s p]sons use cyl9drical hives1 made ( e>!nw>e1 in/ead ( ! clumsy app>atus ( wood2 ^! are reliev$ by rais$ figures & circul> r+s1 s z to =m r h&some ornam5ts 9 ! v]&ah ( a h\se1 :]e !y are susp5d$ by cords f ! ro(1 9 ! same mann] t ! wood5 ones 9 ! village are hung to ! eaves ( ! cottage4 ,on "o side ( ! hive1 half-way betwe5 ! ends1 !re is a small hole made1 j l>ge en\gh = a load$ bee to ent]1 & %ad$ by a projection to prev5t ! ra9 f trickl+ 94 ,9 ?is hole1 g5]ally repres5t+ ! m\? ( a man1 or "s mon/]1 ! head ( :i* is m\ld$ 9 ! clay ( ! hive1 a bee is con/antly /ation$1 ^: (fice is no s9ecure,j1 = ! hole is s small1 he has to draw back e "t a bee wi%es to ent] or to leave ! hive4 ,a g5tleman told me t ! exp]im5t _h be5 made1 by m>k+ ! s5t9el2 :5 x 0 obs]v$ t ! same bee cont9u$ at 8 po/ a :ole day4 ,footnote ,j3 ,if ! ,mexican bees ent] ! hives ) z mu* rapidity & 9 z great numb]s z ,reaumur /ates !y d 9 ?is "p ( ! _w1 x w\ld inde$ be no s9ecure4 ,he obs]ves t ! population ( a hive am\nts to #ah1jjj1 & t a hundr$ ent] 9 a m9ute2 if z _m g out 9 ! same "t1 ,i ?9k ! s5t9el mu/ r /& on "o side ( ! entrance ?an )9 x4 ,:5 x is asc]ta9$ by ! weight t ! hive is full1 ! end pieces are remov$1 & ! honey )drawn4 ,! hive we saw op5$ 0 only p>tly fill$1 :i* enabl$ u to see ! conomy ( ! int]ior to m advantage4 ,! honey is n conta9$ 9 ! elegant hexagonal cells ( our hives1 b 9 wax bags1 n q s l>ge z an egg4 ,^! bags or bladd]s are hung r\nd ! sides ( ! hive1 & appe> ab\t half full1 ! quantity be+ probably j z great z ! /r5g? ( ! wax w be> )\t te>+4 ,^? ne> ! bottom be+ bett] support$1 are m fill$ ?an ! upp] ones4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! l[] "p ( ! hive1 we obs]v$ an irregul>-%ap$ mass ( comb furni%$ ) cells1 l ^? ( our bees1 all conta9+ "y ones1 9 su* an advanc$ /ate t :5 we broke ! comb & let !m out1 !y flew m]rily away4 ,dur+ ?is exam9ation ( ! hive1 ! comb & ! honey 7 tak5 out1 & ! bees di/urb$ 9 e way2 b !y nev] /ung u1 ?\gh our faces & h&s 7 cov]$ ) !m4 ,x is said1 h[ev]1 t !re is a bee 9 ! c\ntry :i* does /+2 b ! k9d we saw seem to h nei!r ! p[] nor ! incl9ation1 = !y c]ta9ly did n hurt u2 & our fri5ds said !y 7 always 'muy manso1' v tame1 & nev] /ung any "o4 ,! honey gave out a ri* aromatic p]fume1 & ta/$ diff]5tly f ours1 b possess$ an agreeable flav\r4 ,f ! p]iodicals ( ! la/ ye>1 ,i h obs]v$ t !re has be5 an importation ( ! /+less bees into ?is c\ntry4 ,i d\bt ! success ( _! e/abli%m5t "h1 z ! fruits ( _! lab\rs may v soon become ! prey ( wasps & corsair bees1 & ev5 ( ! hive-bees :i*1 9 a de>? ( honey or :5 f a paucity ( numb]s a hive is weakly def5d$1 w commit depr$ations ^u "o ano!r4 ,! /+less bees hav+ no weapon ( def5ce :i* enables !m to cope ) arm$ assailants mu/ soon be ext]m9at$4 ,9 _! native clime1 :]e !re is an abundance ( sweets1 no temptations to pr$atory attack may occur2 b 9 our hemisph]e1 z ,buffon has obs]v$1 !re are hundr$s ( lazy creatures1 fond ( honey & dislik+ lab\r1 t w\ld1 b = ! weapons ( def5ce possess$ by our bees1 invade _! hives & c>ry (f ! treasures4 ,honey-bees d n appe> to h be5 among ! native productions ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 ?\gh !y h n[ become g5]al ?r\gh\t t cont95t4 ,:5 e/abli%$ !re1 !y ext5d$ !mselves some:at 9 advance ( ! :ite population2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !y 7 call$ by ! native ,indians1 ! :ite man's flies1 & 7 reg>d$ z indicat+ ! approa* ( ,european settlem5ts4--,jeff]son's ,virg9ia4 ,an elegant mod]n writ] has obs]v$ ^u ?is subject1 t a few ye>s ago ! hum ( a bee _h nev] be5 he>d on ! we/]n side ( ,alleghany ,m\nta9s3 b t a viol5t hurricane hav+ c>ri$ sev]al sw>ms ov] t l(ty ridge1 !y f\nd !re a new unexhau/$ c\ntry1 s+ul>ly fav\rable to _! propagation1 :]e !y h multipli$1 till ! :ole ( ^? b\ndless savannahs & pla9s h be5 coloniz$ by ^! indefatigable emigrants4 ,f :at ,i h said above1 x w\ld seem t ! bees ( all tropical climates /ore _! honey 9 cells or bags ( l>ge dim5sions2 b f ,mr4 ,basil ,hall's acc\nt x appe>s t ! bees ( ,s\? ,am]ica build small cells also1 resembl+ ^? ( our hive-bees2 & 9 all probability ?is is ! case ) ^? ( o!r hot climates1 & t ^! small cells are m]ely us$ z receptacles = ! "y brood4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,sep>ation ,,( ,,wax ,,& ,,honey4 ,aft] deprivation1 ! box or hive conta9+ ! combs %\ld be kept 9 a w>m room1 till x is conv5i5t to dra9 x ( its cont5ts1 z ! m fluid ! honey1 ! soon] & ! m completely w x run (f2 ?is is ( c\rse a reason = n def]r+ ! dra9+ long] ?an c be avoid$4 ,! combs %\ld be sep>at$ f ! boxes or hives ) ! broad spatula & ! d\ble-edg$ in/rum5t recomm5d$ 9 *apt] ,,xi4 & plac$ aft]w>ds on a clean di%4 ,! wax5 cov]s1 on bo? sides ( ! scal$ combs1 %\ld be slic$ (f1 :5 by plac+ !m on a hair sieve ! honey w run ?r\gh tol]ably f9e1 & may be caught 9 an e>!n pan4 ,= prime purposes ! pure/ combs %\ld be select$1 & _! honey pass$ ?r\gh a sep>ate sieve4 ,mr4 ,isaac recomm5ds lett+ ?is f9e honey drop ?r\gh ! sieve into a silk s>se1 su* z is us$ by ! apo!c>y = sift+ f9e p[d]s1 & f ! s>se into an e>!n pan2 ?is w\ld enable ! api>ian to obta9 8 honey 9 a m depurat$ /ate4 ,! s>se mu/ be fir/ wett$1 or ! honey w n run ?r\gh x4 ,if ! wea!r be cool1 ?is bus9ess %\ld be done 9 a room :]e !re is a fire4 ,! ord9>y combs may be *opp$ up1 or brok5 d[n ) ! h&s1 & toge!r ) ! refuse combs aft] dra9+1 may be ?r[n into z mu* cle> wat] z w cause ! wax to swim3 ! :ole may rema9 9 ?is /ate = "s days to dissolve all ! honey = mak+ common mead2 or ! combs may be spread out ^u broad di%es1 & set be=e ! bees 9 an ev5+1 z also ! ut5sils :i* h be5 employ$ dur+ ! process1 fir/ /rew+ !m ov] ) %ort /raws1 to prev5t ! bees f sme>+ _! w+s4 ,! =m] is ! be/ mode ( dispos+ ( ! refuse combs & ut5sils1 z ! latt] is apt to produce qu>rell+ & robb]ies4 ,! combs hav+ be5 cle>$ z completely z possible1 ! f9e/ %\ld be boil$ 9 wat] en\gh to float !m1 till !y are ?or\ghly melt$3 ! melt$ mass %\ld be p\r$ into a canvass bag1 made 9 ! =m ( a jelly bag1 ) a draw tape or /r+ at ! top1 & !n be susp5d$ ov] a tub or pan ( cold wat]4 ,! /r+s ( ! bag be+ tightly drawn1 ! expression may be effect$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,"s press ! bag betwe5 two /rong r\nd /icks1 ti$ or /rapp$ toge!r at _! ends1 s z to resemble a pair ( nut-crack]s1 ) :i* two p]sons may by repeat$ly /ripp+ d[n ! sides ( ! bag1 express ! :ole ( ! wax4 ,o!rs express x by mak+ an incl9$ plane ( a bo>d ab\t f\r feet long1 plac+ "o end ( x 9 ! tub or pan ( wat]1 & ! o!r aga9/ ! brea/ ( ! assi/ant1 :o puts ! bag on ! bo>d & passes a r\nd /ick firmly d[n x1 z long z ! wax w run4 ,a screw press1 made hot1 w\ld ( c\rse answ] ! purpose bett] ?an ei!r ( ! above modes4 ,! crumbl$ combs might be put ov] ! fire1 9 a /eam kettle1 ) wat] "u x1 & ! wax :i* runs ?r\gh might be aft]w>ds melt$ aga9 & pass$ ?r\gh ! bag4 ,! new combs w melt almo/ entirely2 b ! old ones1 ow+ to _! cells hav+ receiv$ s _m l9+s1 w pres]ve _! =m1 ! wax runn+ f !m b 9 small quantities4 ,! vessel us$ = melt+ ! wax %\ld be capable ( conta9+ a good deal m ?an is put into x1 z ! cont5ts may boil up sudd5ly1 & occasion loss & inconv5i5ce z well z dang]4 ,! wax hav+ be5 sep>at$ f ! wat] 9 :i* x 0 melt$1 %\ld be remelt$ ) j wat] en\gh to prev5t burn+2 & hav+ be5 well skimm$1 may be p\r$ into prop] m\lds = =m+ cakes1 ! vessels be+ fir/ r9s$ ) cold wat] to prev5t ! wax f adh]+ to !m4 ,! melt$ wax %\ld be plac$ ne> ! fire & cov]$ ov]1 to cool gradually1 or ! cakes w be liable to crack4 ,if x be desirable to h ! wax 9 a v pure /ate1 x may be boil$ ov] & ov] aga9 ) fre% wat]4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,wax4 ,wax is a solid compact unctu\s sub/ance1 g5]ally ( a yell[ col\r4 ,x is secret$ by animals & vegetables1 b ! vegetable secretion ( x is (t5 comb9$ ) res94 ,bees-wax may be said to be a concrete animal oil1 hold+ ! same relation to ! fix$ oils t res9 does to ! ess5tial oils4 ,x is secret$ by c]ta9 small sacklets on ! body ( ! bee1 z occasion requires1 = con/ruct+ ! combs 9 :i* ! family provision & ! "y brood are deposit$2 ! wax ( comm]ce is procur$ by melt+ d[n ^! combs1 9 ! mann] already describ$4 ,prime wax is ( a bright yell[ col\r & an agreeable od\r1 some:at l t ( honey4 ,! be/ is procur$ f combs :i* h be5 ei!r :olly unoccupi$1 or occupi$ by no?+ b honey4 ,:5 fir/ secret$1 x is :ite1 semitransp>5t1 & v fragile3 x aft]w>ds becomes /rong]1 & assumes m or less ( a yell[ hue4 ,?is deep5+ ( col\r is ow+1 p>tly1 to its be+ cov]$ ) a yell[i% v>ni% by ! bees1 7= an acc\nt ( :i* see ,ar*itecture & ,propolis17 & is p>tly ! effect ( age4 ,indep5d5tly ( its col\r1 ! goodness ( wax may also be e/imat$ by ! pass+ ( ! ?umb nail =cibly ov] its surface3 if good1 ! nail w pass ) a k9d ( j]k2 b if no ob/ruction be felt1 ! wax may be look$ ^u z adult]at$ ) suet1 or "s simil> sub/ance4 ,! av]age quantity yield$ by a common hive1 is ab\t half a p\nd ( wax to fifte5 p\nds ( honey2 ! quantity ( bo? may be consid]ably increas$ by /orify+4 ,:ite wax is no?+ m ?an ! yell[ wax t has be5 expos$ 9 ?9 flakes or %r$s to ! action ( ! sun & air4 ,!re is an app>atus = melt+ & r$uc+ ! wax into %r$s or ribb&s1 b ! process ( conv]sion1 "u any circum/ances1 is t$i\s & dep5d5t on ! wea!r4 ,! foll[+1 says ,mr4 ,p>kes 9 8 ,*emical ,essays1 is ! usual process1 z x is conduct$ 9 ,engl&4 ,common bees-wax is melt$ ^u hot wat]2 & :5 9 a fluid /ate1 x is lad$ out ( ! copp]1 toge!r ) a "p ( ! wat]1 into a wood5 vessel2 & 9 ?is x is all[$ to rema9 a few h\rs1 = ! impurities to subside f x4 ,! purifi$ wax is !n put1 :ile /ill hot1 into a cull5d] full ( holes1 ?r\gh :i* x runs1 & falls ^u a revolv+ metallic roll]1 :i* dips into cold wat] conta9$ 9 a vessel plac$ und]nea?4 ,z ! melt$ wax runs ?r\gh ! cull5d] ^u ! revolv+ roll]1 ! motion ( ! cyl9d] =ms x into ?9 %av+s1 :i* cool z !y come 9 contact ) ! wat]1 & fall 9 an accumulat$ heap into ! wat] bel[4 ,^! %av+s ( wax1 be+ n[ 9 a suitable =m = absorb+ oxyg51 are tak5 out ( ! tub1 & expos$ 9 a field to ! action ( ! atmosph]e1 till !y become suffici5tly :ite4 ,bees-wax =ms a consid]able article ( comm]ce1 & l>ge quantities ( x are annually import$ into ?is c\ntry f ! ,baltic1 ! ,levant1 ! ,b>b>y ,coa/1 & ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,europe & ,am]ica wax is v ext5sively employ$ 9 ! religi\s c]emonies ( ! inhabitants4 ,humboldt in=ms u t upw>ds ( #hj1jjj p\nds wor? is annually import$ f ,cuba to ,new ,spa91 & t ! total export f t isl& 9 #ahjc 0 wor? upw>ds ( #acj1jjjl4 ,by f> ! great] "p ( ?is wax is ! produce ( ! hive-bee1 ?\gh no inconsid]able quantity is procur$ also f v>i\s species ( wild bees1 z well z f c]ta9 trees :i* ,i %all notice pres5tly4 ,^u ?is subject a mod]n writ]1 aft] lam5t+ ! increas+ neglect ( bee-culture 9 ?is c\ntry1 has n hesitat$ to use ! foll[+ contemptu\s1 ?\gh some:at extravagant1 language4 ,!re is h>dly bees-wax en\gh produc$ 9 ,engl& to answ] ! dem& = lip-salve alone2 b importation f ,am]ica supplies all our wants1 = ! quantity obta9$ 9 t c\ntry is annually increas+4 ,little ?9ks ! ball-room beauty1 :5 ! tap]s are almo/ burnt out1 t ! wax by ^: light h] *>ms h be5 exalt$ 0 once hidd5 9 ! bells & cups ( innum]able fl[]s1 %$d+ p]fume ov] ! sil5t valleys ( ! ,susquehanna1 or nodd+ at _! own reflect$ col\rs 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,potomac & ,delaw>e4 ,! uses ( wax 9 mak+ c&les1 o9tm5ts1 c4 are well kn[n4 ,accord+ to ,buffon1 ! bees-wax ( tropical climates is too s(t = any b m$ic9al purposes4 ,!re is a species ( wax1 :i* is g5]ally reg>d$ z ( vegetable orig91 & :i* is af=d$ by v>i\s trees1 plants & fruits4 ,! light d[n :i* silv]s ov] ! surface ( prunes & o!r /one fruits1 has be5 %[n by ,m4 ,pr\/ to be wax1 ! leaves & /em ( ! ,c]oxylon also1 af=d x 9 consid]able quantity1 if bruis$ & boil$ 9 wat]2 b ! trees :i* af=d x 9 greate/ abundance1 are ! ,myrica c]if]a angu/ifolia or wax-tree ( ,l\isiana1 & ! ,myrica c]if]a latifolia ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,c>ol9a1 & ,virg9ia4 ,! latt] is n[ naturaliz$ 9 ,france3 x fl\ri%es also 9 ! dry l&s ( ,prussia1 &1 f ! productiv5ess ( its b]ries1 x seems surpris+ t its culture is n m g5]al4 ,! mode 9 :i* ?is myrtle wax is obta9$ is z foll[s4 ,t[>ds ! end ( autumn ! natives ga!r ! ripe b]ries1 boil !m 9 wat]1 skim (f ! wax :i* rises1 /ra9 x (f f its impurities1 & set x to dra91 aft] :i*1 !y remelt & =m x into masses4 ,f\r p\nds ( b]ries yield ab\t "o p\nd ( wax4 ,f ! wax ?us procur$1 !y make soap & c&les4 ,! soap manufactur$ f x is said to be excell5t1 & to wa% l95 p]fectly :ite2 ! c&les af=d a good light1 )\t smoke or gutt]+2 _! p]fume is highly agreeable1 n only dur+ ! "t t !y are burn+1 b = a consid]able "t aft]w>ds4 ,mr4 ,sp>rman suspects t myrtle wax is deposit$ ^u ! b]ries by insects1 & ,du ,valde has giv5 an acc\nt ( a :ite wax made by small insects1 r\nd ! bran*es ( a tree 9 ,*9a1 9 great quantity1 :i* is !re collect$ = m$ical & economical purposes4 7,description ( ,*9a1 vol4 i4 page #bcj47 ,myrtle wax !re=e may n be a vegetable product4 ,accord+ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,cadet & ,dr4 ,bo/ock1 ?is myrtle wax diff]s 9 "s respects f1 bees-wax4 ,x diff]s f x 9 col\r1 diff]5t specim5s ( x assum+ diff]5t %ades ( yell[i% gre53 its smell is also diff]5t2 myrtle wax1 :5 fre%1 emitt+ a fragrant balsamic od\r4 ,x has 9 "p ! t5acity )\t ! unctuosity ( bees-wax1 & some:at ( ! brittl5ess ( res94 ,its specific gravity is great]1 insomu* t x s9ks 9 wat]1 :]eas bees-wax floats ^u x2 & x is n s easily blea*$ to =m :ite wax4 ,analysis ( ,wax4 ,c>bon #ha1gi ,oxyg5 #e1ed ,hydrog5 #ab1fg ,! =mation ( res9 & wax has be5 expla9$ ?us3--,t :5 a volatile or a fix$ oil is expell$ out ( plants1 & has its surface expos$ to ! air1 ! fir/ becomes a res9 by los+ hydrog51 ! second a wax by absorb+ oxyg54--,p>kes's ,*emical ,cate*ism1 p4 #bdd1 #aa? edit4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,honey4 ,honey is a well kn[n1 sweet1 t5aci\s1 sub/ance1 :i* 9 f9e wea!r is cont9ually secret+ 9 ! nect>ies ( fl[]s1 *iefly f c]ta9 vesicles or gl&s situat$ ne> ! basis ( e petal1 f :5ce x is collect$ by bees & o!r insects4 ,! dome/ic honey-bees consume a portion ( ?is honey = food1 at or ne> ! "t ( ga!r+2 b ! pr9cipal "p is regurgitat$ & p\r$ into ! cells ( ! hive1 = ! use ( ! community 9 w9t]3--s v abundant are ^! collections1 9 fav\rable seasons1 z to af=d to ! api>ian an ext5sive %>e ( !m1 )\t di/ress+ ! provid5t ho>d]s4 ,mr4 ,wildman /ates t 9 ! ye> #aghi1 he pur*as$ a glass fill$ ) exce$+ly f9e honey-combs1 weigh+ #fclbs41 :i* _h be5 collect$ )9 a mon?1 & t ! hive :i* x _h surm\nt$ /ill conta9$ a full supply = ! w9t]'s consumption ( ! bees4 ,?is h[ev] 0 an unusual quantity2 a hive or box1 ( ! dim5sions recomm5d$ 9 ?is "w1 may be consid]$ z well /ock$ :5 x yields f #cj to #djlbs4 ( honey4 ,! honey int5d$ = e>ly use1 & = ! nurs+-bees & drones1 is deposit$ 9 cells :i* are all[$ to rema9 op51 & is probably ( an inf]ior sort2 :il/ ! f9e/ honey1 :i* is laid up 9 /ore = w9t]1 is plac$ 9 ! mo/ inaccessible p>ts ( ! hive1 & clos$ 9 ! cells ) wax5 lids4 ,!re clu/]'d n[ cle> wells ( nect> gl[1 ,l amb] drops t sp>kle 9 ! ,po1 ,& n[ 7s quick ! *ange7 ere "o %ort moon ,%r9ks ) wan$ cresc5t mid ! blaze ( noon4 ,all veil'd f view1 ^! amb] drops are lo/4 ,& ea* cle> well ) wax5 cr[n embo/4 ,evans4 ,9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions = #agib1 ,mr4 ,hunt] has /at$1 t :atev] "t ! cont5ts ( ! honey-bags may be reta9$1 !y /ill rema9 pure & unalt]$ by ! dige/ive process4 ,mr4 ,polhill1 a g5tleman to :om ! public are indebt$ = sev]al articles 9 ,rees's ,cyclopdia app]ta9+ to bees1 is also ( ?is op9ion4 ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce d n admit ?is /atem5t3 z ! nect> ( fl[]s is n ( s ?ick a consi/5ce z honey1 !y ?9k x mu/ und]go "s *ange 9 ! /oma* ( ! bee4 ,?is op9ion is /r5g!n$ by :at has be5 /at$ by ,reaumur3 he obs]v$ t if !re 0 a defici5cy ( fl[]s1 at ! season ( honey-ga!r+1 & ! bees 7 furni%$ ) sug>1 !y fill$ _! cells ) honey1 diff]+ 9 no o!r respect f honey collect$ 9 ! usual way1 b 9 its possess+ a some:at high] flav\r & 9 its nev] c&y+1 nor ev5 los+ its fluidity by long keep+4 ,! same may be obs]v$ :5 !y imbibe ! juices ( sweet fruits1 = bees d n conf9e !mselves solely to fl[]s & honey-dew$ leaves2 !y w sometimes v gre$ily absorb ! juice ( raspb]ries = in/ance1 & ?us spoil !m = ! table2 !y also visit 9 cr[ds ! vats ( ! cid] & w9e mak]4 ,reaumur has likewise rem>k$1 t 9 ea* honey-cell !re is a cream-l lay] or cov]+1 ( a ?ick] consi/5ce ?an ! honey itself1 :i* app>5tly s]ves to reta9 ! m liquid collections t may f "t to "t be introduc$ "u x4 ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce say1 t if honey 7 ! unalt]$ nect> ( fl[]s1 x w\ld be difficult to conceive h[ ?is cream c\ld be collect$ 9 prop] proportions4 ,?is obs]vation is made1 9 consequ5ce ( _! presum+ t "s ( ?is cream-l cov]+ is convey$ into ! cells ) ea* deposition ( fre% honey2 & x has be5 suppos$ t ?is cream 0 ! la/ portion disgorg$4 ,accord+ to an article 9 ,rees's ,cyclopdia1 probably writt5 by ,mr4 ,polhill1 ?is cream-l matt] is =m$ at ! v fir/1 & e addition ( honey is deposit$ b5ea? x4 ,! bee1 ent]+ into ! cell z deeply z possible1 puts =w>d its ant]ior pair ( legs1 & ) !m pi]ces a hole ?r\gh ! cru/ or cream3 :ile ?is hole is kept op5 by ! feet1 ! bee disgorges ! honey 9 l>ge drops f its m\?2 ^!1 fall+ into ! hole1 mix ) ! mass bel[3 ! bee1 be=e x flies (f1 new-models ! cru/1 & closes up ! hole4 ,?is mode ( proce$+ is regul>ly adopt$ by e bee t contributes to ! g5]al /ore4 ,! p[] ( regurgitation 9 ! bee is v rem>kable3 its alim5t>y organs1 l ^? ( ! pigeon1 besides be+ subs]vi5t to ! purpose ( nutrim5t1 af=d x a tempor>y /or]oom or res]voir4 ,rum9at+ animals may be consid]$ z regurgitat+ animals1 ?\gh 9 !m ! op]ation is p]=m$ = diff]5t purposes4 ,9 "s x is ex]cis$ = ! purpose ( dige/+ ! food1 9 o!rs = fe$+ ! "y2 b 9 bees its use is to enable !m to disburd5 !mselves ( ! honey :i* !y ga!r = ! w9t]'s /ore ( ! community4 ,! f9e/ flav\r$ & mo/ delicate honey is t :i* is collect$ f aromatic plants1 & has be5 /or$ 9 clean new cells3 x has be5 usually call$ virg9-honey1 z ?\gh x 7 elaborat$ by a fre% sw>m ( bees2 b ?is is n ess5tial to ! p]fection ( honey1 =1 provid$ ! cells 9 :i* x is deposit$ h nev] conta9$ ei!r brood or f>9a1 x is n mat]ial :e!r x h be5 collect$ by sw>ms or by old /ocks2 ! season & ! fl[]s hav+ be5 ! same1 ! quality ( ! honey w 9 bo? cases be alike4 ,f4 ,lamb]ti ass]ts1 t ! be/ honey 9 ! _w is produc$ 9 ,pontus1 & t its sup]iority is attributable to ! great quantity ( balm gr[+ !re4 ,9 ?is qu>t] ( ! _w1 ! ,n>bonne honey is reg>d$ z ! f9e/1 ow+ to ! rosem>y :i* ab\nds 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,n>bonne4 ,! honey1 = :i* ,n>bonne is s des]v$ly celebrat$1 is e ye> dim9i%+4 ,bees h ceas$ to be an object ( att5tion to ! peasantry2 !y n[ devote _! "t to ! v9ey>ds1 & neglect ! bees4 ,! fl[]s ( ! wild plants1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,n>bonne1 are highly aromatic1 & give ! flav\r :i* is peculi> to its honey3 ?is peculi>ity is attribut$ exclusively to ! wild rosem>y1 ,rosm>9us (fic9alis4 7,duppa's ,miscellane\s ,obs]vations & ,op9ions on ! ,cont95t4 #ahbe47 ,attempts are said to h be5 made to imitate ,n>bonne honey1 by add+ to o!r honey an infusion ( rosem>y fl[]s4 ,( ! p[] :i* "s fl[]s possess ( imp>t+ delet]i\s qualities to _! honey1 ,i h already spok5 9 ! *apt] on ,pa/urage4 ,i w "h add1 h[ev]1 :at has be5 said ( ! appe>ance ( ?is p]nici\s k9d ( honey4 ,x is usually di/+ui%$ f :at is innoc5t1 by its crimson or r$di% br[n col\r1 its bitt] flav\r1 & ?ick] consi/5ce2 b 9 ,florida & ,c>ol9a x is s simil>1 9 all respects1 to innoc5t honey1 t ! hunt]s dep5d ^u exp]i5ce only1 &1 kn[+ t bad honey soon %[s its effects1 !y at fir/ eat v sp>+ly4 ,! conv]se ( ?is w\ld appe> 9 ! blood-r$ honey f\nd by ,mr4 ,bruce at ,dixan 9 ,abyss9ia1 to :i* he ascribes no evil prop]ties4 7,travels to ! ,nile1 vol4 v47 ,l9nu in=ms u1 t 9 ,sw$51 ! honey ( autumn is pr9cipally ga!r$ f ! fl[]s ( ! ,erica or ,hea?1 & t x has a r$di% ca/4 ,! honey ( our native hea?s is also ( ! same col\r4 ,dr4 ,b>ton has obs]v$ t dur+ 8 resid5ce at ,ed9burgh1 ! ,highl& honey 0 (t5 ( a dirty br[ni% col\r1 :i* 0 suppos$ to be giv5 to x by ! bloom+ ha!r1 z ,burns calls x3 ! p ( ,ed9burgh1 h[ev]1 ?\gh great consum]s ( x1 nev] compla9 ( any ill effects f x4 ,x produc$ ^u ! ,doctor a soporific effect4 ,! mo/ innoc5t honey w (t5 disagree ) ^? :o take x 9 l>ge quantities1 or :o h irritable b[els2 usually1 9 su* cases1 x produces purg+1 & sometimes grip+ pa94 ,! mis*iev\s qualities ( honey h be5 said to be de/roy$ by boil+ & /ra9+1 or ev5 by long keep+ only2 yet :5 made into me!gl91 x has be5 f\nd z delet]i\s z ev]4 ,! quality ( honey v>ies ) ! "t ( ga!r+1 & t ev5 ?\gh ! :ole season may h be5 fav\rable4 ,! collection at ! comm5cem5t ( summ] is reg>d$ z ! prime honey ( ! ye>1 ! fl[]s be+ !n mo/ abundant1 & 9 ! full gl[ ( heal?2 & t :i* is collect$ 9 spr+ is sup]ior to ! glean+s ( autumn4 ,hub] /ates t ! secretion ( honey & ! =mation ( wax are s+ul>ly promot$ by electricity3 h5ce ! works may always be obs]v$ to advance rapidly :5 !re is a s\!rly w9d1 a moi/ w>m air1 & an imp5d+ /orm2 :]eas ! secretion is imp$$1 & sometimes susp5d$1 by long protract$ dr\ghts1 cold ra9s1 & a nor!rly w9d4 ,prime honey is ( a :iti% col\r1 an agreeable smell1 a pleasant ta/e1 & a ?ick consi/5ce4 ,:5 tak5 f ! combs x is 9 a fluid /ate1 b gradually ?ick5s by age1 & 9 cold wea!r1 if g5u9e1 x becomes firm & solid4 ,9 ,engl&1 x has seldom1 if ev]1 be5 kn[n to assume ?is solid /ate :ile 9 ! hives2 & ev5 out ( !m1 if x rema9 9 ! combs1 x w pres]ve its cle>ness1 purity & f9e flav\r1 = at lea/ a ye>4 ,! honey ( tropical climates is always 9 a fluid /ate4 ,vide *apt] on ,exotic ,bees4 ,mu* ( ! f9e flav\r ( honey w dep5d ^u ! mann] ( its sep>ation f ! comb4 ,t w be ! mo/ delicate :i* fl[s spontane\sly f ! pure/ & :ite/ combs2 ! next 9 excell5ce w be t :i* is express$ )\t heat2 & ! co>se/1 t :i* is obta9$ by ! aid ( heat & pressure4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 9 ! selection ( ! vessels us$ = /or+ honey2 ! mo/ appropriate are j>s ( /one w>e1 call$ ,bri/ol w>e4 ,! pr9cipal con/itu5ts ( sug> & honey are ! same2 viz4 hydrog51 c>bon1 & oxyg54 ,besides ^! _! common elem5ts1 honey conta9s mucilage & extractive matt]1 & also an excess ( oxyg53 9 pla9 ,engli%1 honey possesses a great] proportion ( acid ?an is conta9$ 9 sug>1 & 9 a /ate m capable ( act+ ^u ^? bodies ) :i* x comes 9 contact4 ,f ?is ! read] w p]ceive my reason = recomm5d+ /one j>s = its pres]vation3 ! acid ( ! honey act+ ^u ! lead ) :i* e o!r k9d ( e>!nw>e is glaz$1 causes ! honey to receive an impregnation f x1 :i* may prove injuri\s to ^? ^: con/itutions are delicate3 ! /one w>e1 be+ glaz$ ) common salt1 _c communicate any injuri\s prop]ty to ! honey :i* is /or$ 9 x4 ,honey %\ld be kept 9 a cool & dry situation1 z w>m? promotes f]m5tation & g5]ates a s5sible acidity4 ,! circum/ance ( honey1 :5 sep>at$ f ! combs & put into j>s1 be+ dispos$ to f]m5t 9 a temp]ature mu* bel[ ! usual heat ( a hive1 is calculat$ to excite our admiration ( ! in/9ctive intellig5ce ( ! bee1 :i* leads x to di/ribute its treasure 9 small cells & to seal !m closely ov]1 :]eby ! honey c be pres]v$ f f]m5tation = a long p]iod1 ev5 9 a high temp]ature4 ,pr\/ says t granulat$ honey is capable ( be+ sep>at$ into two p>ts1 "o ( :i* is liquid1 ! o!r dry & n deliquesc5t1 cry/allizable 9 its mann] & less sac*>9e ?an sug>4 ,! ,jews ( ,moldavia & ! ,ukra9e prep>e f honey a sort ( sug> :i* is solid & z :ite z sn[1 :i* !y s5d to ! di/ill]ies at ,dantzic4 ,!y expose ! honey to fro/ = ?ree weeks1 9 "s place :]e nei!r sun nor sn[ c rea* x1 & 9 a vessel :i* is a bad conductor ( caloric1 by :i* process ! honey1 )\t be+ congeal$1 becomes cle> & h>d l sug>4 ,prior to ! discov]y ( sug>1 honey mu/ h be5 an article ( great utility2 & not)/&+ t discov]y1 if we may judge f ! quantity import$ into ?is c\ntry1 & ! price at :i* x sells :5 ( f9e quality1 x may /ill be reg>d$ z a commodity ( great importance1 & wor?y ( m att5tion f our rural population ?an x 9 g5]al obta9s4 ,9 ! ,ukra9e1 "s ( ! peasants h f\r or five hundr$ hives ea*1 & f9d _! bees m pr(itable ?an _! corn4 ,?is is a numb] h[ev] :i* ,i %\ld ?9k w\ld ov]/ock mo/ di/ricts1 & :i* c\ld only be support$ naturally by hav+ rec\rse to transportation4 ,?is seems to be ev9c$ by ! inhabitants ( ,egypt1 ,france1 ,savoy1 ,pi$mont & o!r places avail+ !mselves ( t practice1 z already /at$4 ,! mo/ productive p>ts ( ?is k+dom1 9 all probability1 are ! bord]s ( ,cambridge%ire1 ,h]t=d%ire1 & "p ( ,hamp%ire1 :i* ab\nd+ 9 hea?s1 commons & woods1 af=d s mu* pabulum = bees1 z to enable "s ( ! f>m]s to h f #ajj to #aej /ocks ( !m1 ! l>ge/ numb] t ,i h ev] he>d ( 9 ?is k+dom4 ,on ! subject ( ov]/ock+1 ,mr4 ,esp9asse says t few p>ts ( ,engl& :i* he has visit$ af=d fl[]s 9 suffici5t pr(usion & ( suffici5t v>iety to support num]\s colonies4 ,9 ! village1 says he1 :]e my h\se is situat$1 _m p]sons1 induc$ by my example1 procur$ bees2 !y 7 too num]\s = :at 0 to fe$ !m2 m ?an "o half ( !m di$ 9 ! ensu+ w9t]1 & ne>ly "o-?ird ( my own 7 ) difficulty sav$ by fe$+4 ,! proprietor ( bees may "k :e!r or n 8 situation is ov]/ock$1 if he w att5d to ! produce ( 8 api>y = sev]al ye>s toge!r4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,mead4 ,prior to ! introduction ( agriculture into ,brita91 mead 0 ! pr9cipal cordial bev]age ( its inhabitants4 ,9 o!r nor!rn nations also x 0 =m]ly 9 high e/imation4 ,?is mu/ h proce$$1 ei!r f _! unpamp]$ simplicity ( ta/e1 or f _! hav+ a bett] me?od ( mak+ _! mead ?an has be5 h&$ d[n to po/]ity2 = c]ta9ly 9 ! pres5t day x is a liquor seldom he>d (1 & /ill seldom] made2 & :5 made1 hold+ a v humble rank among our imp]fect v9\s productions4 ,x h[ev] cont9u$ 9 fav\r long aft] ! introduction ( malt liquor1 & ! nor!rn inhabitants ( ,europe drank x g5]ally until v mod]n times4 ,to %[ h[ highly x 0 =m]ly e/eem$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 ,i w give an extract f an anci5t law ( ! pr9cipality ( ,wales1 :]e ! praises ( x1 accompani$ by ! lyre1 res\nd$ ?r\gh ! spaci\s halls ( h] pr9ces4 ,!re are ?ree ?+s 9 ,c\rt :i* mu/ be communicat$ to ! k+1 be=e !y are made kn[n to any o!r p]son4 #a/1 ,e s5t5ce ( ! judge2 #bnd1 ,e new song2 & #crd1 ,e cask ( ,mead4 ,mead-mak+ appe>s to h be5 reg>d$ by our =efa!rs z a high & important avocation2 at ! c\rts ( ! ,pr9ces ( ,wales1 ! mead-mak] 0 ! elev5? p]son 9 dignity1 & took place ( ! physician4 ,we read 9 ! ,engli% ,hi/ory1 t ,e!l/an a subord9ate k+ ( ,k5t1 9 ! t5? c5tury1 on pay+ a visit to 8 relation ,e!lfl$a felt v mu* delight$ t !re 0 no defici5cy ( mead4 ,accord+ to ! cu/om at royal fea/s1 x 0 s]v$ up 9 cut horns & o!r vessels ( v>i\s sizes4 ,ab\t ! same p]iod1 x 0 cu/om>y to all[ ! monks a sext>eum 7ab\t a p9t7 ( mead betwe5 six ( !m at d9n]1 & half ! quantity at supp]4 ,x 0 probably ! liquor call$ by ,ossian1 ! joy & /r5g? ( %ells1 ) :i* 8 h]oes 7 s mu* delight$2 ! ,cal$onian dr9k+-vessels hav+ consi/$ ( l>ge %ells1 :i* are /ill us$ by _! po/]ity 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,highl&s4 ,m5tion is sometimes made also ( ! ,fea/ ( ,%ells4 ,mead 0 ! ideal nect> ( ! ,sc&9avian nations1 :i* !y expect$ to quaff 9 heav5 out ( ! skulls ( _! enemies2 &1 z may reasonably be suppos$1 ! liquor :i* !y exalt$ ?us highly 9 _! imag9>y cele/ial banquets1 0 n =gott5 at ^? :i* !y really indulg$ 9 ^u e>?4 ,h5ce may be inf]r$ ! great att5tion :i* mu/ h be5 paid to ! culture ( ! bee 9 ^? days1 or !re c\ld n h be5 an adequate supply ( honey = ! production ( mead1 to satisfy ! dem& ( su* ?ir/y tribes4 ,! my?ology ( ,sc&9avia 7! religion ( our ,go?ic ance/ors7 0 imp>t$ by ,sigge or ,od91 a *iefta9 :o migrat$ f ,scy?ia ) ! :ole ( 8 tribe1 & subdu$ ei!r by arms or arts ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe4 ,f him desc5d$ ,al>ic & ,attila4 ,9 ! s+ul> p>adise :i* ,od9 sket*$ = 8 foll[]s1 ! pr9cipal pleasure 0 to be d]iv$ f w> & c>nage2 aft] ! daily enjoym5t ( :i*1 !y 7 to sit d[n to a fea/ ( bo>'s fle% & mead4 ,! mead 0 to be h&$ to !m 9 ! skulls ( _! enemies1 by virg9s some:at resembl+ ! h\ri ( ! ,mahometan p>adise1 & pl5tiful draughts 7 to be tak51 until intoxication %\ld cr[n _! felicity4 ,h5ce ! poet ,p5rose ?us comm5ces 8 ,c>\sal ( ,od94 ,fill ! honey'd bev'rage high1 ,fill ! skulls1 'tis ,od9's cry6 ,he>d ye n ! p[]ful call1 ,?und]+ ?r\gh ! vault$ hall8 ,fill ! mea? & spread ! bo>d1 ,vassals ( ! grisly "l6-- ,! fea/ beg9s1 ! skull goes r\nd ,laught] %\ts--! %\ts res\nd6 ,h5ce likewise1 9 an ode by ,mr4 ,/irl+1 we f9d ! foll[+ illu/ration ( ! nor!rn ,elysium4 ,_! banquet is ! mighty *9e ,exhau/less1 ! /up5d\s bo>2 ,virg9s ( immortal l9e ,pres5t ! goblet foam+ o'er3 ,( h]oes' skulls ! goblet made1 ,) figur'd dea?s & snakes ( gold inlaid4 ,bo>'s fle% 0 consid]$ by ^! tribes z ! highe/ delicacy2 ! cele/ial bo> 0 suppos$ to be daily r5ew$1 & to af=d an ample repa/ = ! mo/ num]\s p>ty3 a quantity ( mead also1 suffici5t = ! intoxication ( ?is p>adisiacal community1 0 imag9$ to be daily suppli$ by a goat call$ ,heidruna1 ,^: spaci\s horn w\ld fill ! b[l ,t rais'd to rapture ,od9's s\l2 ,& ev] dr9k+1 ev] dry-- ,/ill ! copi\s /ream supply4 ,cottle ,i c\ld n refra9 f adduc+ ^! %ort hi/orical & poetical evid5ces ( ! high e/imation 9 :i* mead 0 held by our nor!rn ance/ors4 ,i tru/ t ,i %all also /& excus$ = /ill fur!r l5g!n+ my preamble by ent]+ ^u ! g5]al pr9ciples ( w9e-mak+4 ,! gr& desid]ata 9 w9e are /r5g?1 flav\r1 & pleasantness3--to accompli% ! fir/1 sug> mu/ be conv]t$ by f]m5tation into alcohol2 ! second dep5ds ^u ! article to be v9ifi$1 & ^u ! managem5t ( ! process ( v9ification2 flav\r may likewise be produc$ artificially by diff]5t adjuncts3 pleasantness w pr9cipally result f ! same causes1 b m especially f ! liquor hold+ 9 solution a c]ta9 quantity ( unconv]t$ sug>4 ,! elem5ts necess>y to a due f]m5tation & to br+ ! process to a satisfactory issue1 are sug>1 extractive matt]1 acid ( t>t>1 & wat]4 ,^! exi/ 9 ! highe/ p]fection & 9 ! be/ relative proportions 9 ! grape3 h5ce ! sup]iority ( =eign w9es4 ,:oev] !re=e expects to imitate1 ) mu* effect1 ^? g5]\s liquors1 mu/ supply 9 ! process ^? +r$i5ts 9 :i* ! article s\ght to be conv]t$ into w9e is defici5t4 ,if ! native juices ( fruits be defici5t 9 sug>1 x w be impossible to conv]t !m into a /rong w9e )\t a prop] supply ( t +r$i5t2 & )\t a suffici5cy ( extractive matt]1 :i* is ! natural f]m5t1 a due f]m5tation c\ld n be e/abli%$2 ! w9e w\ld be sweet1 b n pot5t2 sweet w9es be+ ! produce ( an incomplete f]m5tation4 ,if ! extractive matt] 7 9 excess1 ! liquor w\ld h a t5d5cy to ! acet\s f]m5tation1 :i* might also be induc$ by a sup]abundant proportion ( wat]4 ,! result ( a complete f]m5tation is a dry w9e2 to produce :i*1 ! elem5ts mu/ all be nicely balanc$1 & ! process conduct$ "u fav\rable circum/ances1 ) respect to temp]ature1 tunn+1 /opp+ d[n1 c4 ,two opposite practices prevail1 9 ! manufacture ( ! same sort ( w9e2 "s w9e-mak]s boil+ ! juices be=e f]m5tation1 o!rs conduct+ ! :ole process )\t boil+3 ! propriety or impropriety ( ^! practices dep5ds ^u ! quality ( ! juices to be v9ifi$4 ,extractive matt] is p>tially coagulable by heat2 boil+ !re=e1 by caus+ ?is matt] to sep>ate & to be deposit$1 t5ds to ! production ( a sweet w9e4 ,! extractive matt] may also be precipitat$ by sulphuric acid gas1 7burn+ 9 ! cask a brim/one mat* z h]eaft] direct$17 or by sulphuric acid itself1 ) :i* ! soluble leav5 =ms an insoluble comp\nd4 ,h5ce :]e ! extractive matt] is 9 excess1 & :]e !re is dang] ( f]m5tation go+ on too rapidly1 boil+ or sulphur+ w be useful bo? to ! w9e & cid]-mak]1 9 *eck+ or prev5t+ f]m5tation4 ,! sup]flu\s extract ?r[n up 9 ! c\rse ( f]m5tation z yea/1 or deposit$ z lees1 w1 if remix$ ) ! liquor1 h ! effect ( cont9u+ ! f]m5tation3 h5ce ! utility ( rack+ & f9+1 :]e x is 9 excess2 & ( re-union1 :]e x is defici5t4 ,artificial leav5 or yea/1 :i* conta9s ! extractive pr9ciple 9 great abundance1 af=ds a supply to ^? juices :i* are defici5t 9 x1 & )\t :i* !y w n f]m5t4 ,natural leav5 7i4 e4 extractive matt]7 is soluble 9 cold wat]1 artificial leav5 is n3 dur+ f]m5tation1 !re=e1 ! latt] is always ?r[n (f2 s also is ! great] "p ( ! =m]1 if ! process be well conduct$4 ,mo/ ( ! fruits ( ?is c\ntry ab\nd 9 malic acid2 ^? t possess only a mod]ate quantity ( x1 h[ev]1 af=d excell5t w9e ) ! addition ( sug> only2 /ill bett] w9e may be obta9$ by ! fur!r addition ( ! acid ( t>t>4 ,:]e ! malic acid prevails s abundantly z to make its neutralization desirable4 ,dr4 ,mc,culloch1 7to :om ,i am indebt$ = mu* ( ! in=mation conta9$ 9 ?is *apt]17 recomm5ds ! coat+ ( ! insides ( ! f]m5t+ vats ) a :ite wa% ( hot cau/ic lime4 ,i h neutraliz$ ! malic acid1 by putt+ into ! cask1 aft] ! s5sible f]m5tation has be5 complet$1 ab\t a p\nd ( egg %ells to e sixty gallons ( w9e4 ,! acid ( t>t> increases ! f]m5t+ p[] ( fluids3 half-ripe fruits possess x 9 greate/ abundance2 h5ce ! vivacity ( *ampagne & gre5 gooseb]ry w9e4 ,x is mo/ conv5i5tly us$ 9 ! /ate ( sup]t>trate ( pota% or common cream ( t>t>3 ! common r\gh t>t> is 9 "s respects pref]able1 z its admixture ( yea/ assi/s 9 p]fect+ ! f]m5tation4 ,all vegetables conta9 m or less ( extractive matt]2 ^? t possess little may be assi/$ 9 _! f]m5tation1 by t process be+ conduct$ 9 wood5 vessels1 wood supply+ ! extractive pr9ciple to ! liquor2 ! same juices !re=e :i* w\ld f]m5t v well 9 wood1 w\ld sc>cely f]m5t at all 9 glass or e>!nw>e4 ,! extractive matt] & ! sug> are seldom completely de/roy$ 9 any w9es2 ! exi/5ce ( ! =m] is ev9c$1 by ! sk9ny matt] frequ5tly deposit$ ^u ! insides ( ! w9e-bottles2 ! latt] may be detect$1 by a nice palate1 9 ! v drie/ ( our w9es2 its pr$om9ance indicates an inf]ior w9e4 ,f ! prec$+ obs]vations1 my read]s h probably anticipat$ my op9ion ( honey1 9 w9e-mak+4 ,i reg>d x m]ely z a sub/itute = sug>2 & to ^? :o approve ( its flav\r ,i recomm5d ! foll[+ directions1 :i* ,i h successfully foll[$ = sev]al ye>s1 hav+ my home-made w9es enri*$ ) a consid]able portion ( =eign flav\r4--,dissolve an ounce ( cream ( t>t> 9 five gallons ( boil+ wat]2 p\r ! solution (f cle> ^u tw5ty p\nds ( f9e honey1 boil !m toge!r & remove ! scum z x rises4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! boil+1 add an ounce ( f9e hops2 ab\t t5 m9utes aft]w>ds1 put ! liquor into a tub to cool2 :5 r$uc$ to ! temp]ature ( ab\t #fj ,fahr5heit1 add a slice ( bread toa/$ & sme>$ ov] ) a v little yea/2 ! small] ! quantity ! bett]1 = yea/ inv>iably spoils ! flav\r ( w9es1 & :]e !re is a suffici5cy ( extractive matt] 9 ! +r$i5ts employ$1 x %\ld nev] be introduc$4 ,! liquor %\ld n[ /&1 & be /irr$ occasionally1 till x c>ries a head1 :5 x %\ld be tunn$ & ! cask fill$ up f "t to "t f ! res]ve1 till ! f]m5tation has ne>ly subsid$4 ,x %\ld n[ be bung$ d[n1 leav+ op5 a small peg-hole2 9 a few days ?is may also be clos$1 & 9 ab\t twelve mon?s ! w9e w be fit to bottle4 ,_m mak]s ( bo? w9e & cid] h be5 unconsci\sly b5efit$ f ! acquisition ( t>t> by _! liquor2 x be+ a frequ5t practice to tun into an empty =eign w9e cask1 ^: incru/$ sides h suppli$ _! w9e or _! cid] ) a portion ( t necess>y +r$i5t = p]fect v9ification4 ,x is a practice ) "s to add spices to _! ,mead dur+ ! f]m5tation1 su* z g+]1 cloves1 mace1 rosem>y1 lemon-peel1 c4 ,?is is bad conomy2 a mu* small] quantity w communicate ! requir$ flav\r if ! addition be made aft] ! f]m5tation has ceas$4 ,a common bev]age is sometimes made1 by simply boil+ ! refuse honey-combs 9 wat] aft] extract+ f !m z mu* ( ! honey z w run2 ?is liquor w n require t>t> or yea/3 x %\ld be tunn$ z soon z cool1 bung$ d[n 9 ?ree or f\r days1 & drank 9 a few weeks4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,wales ! refuse combs are brew$ ) malt1 spices1 c4 & ! produce is call$ ,braggot1 a "n d]iv$ f ! old ,briti% words brag & gots1 ! =m] signify+ malt1 ! latt] honey-comb4 ,a k ( ! pr9ciples ( f]m5tation w enable ! w9e-mak] to regulate its process4 ,?us if a dry w9e be desir$1 & f]m5tation be susp5d$1 x may be r5ew$ by a re/oration ( ! sep>at$ leav5 or ! addition ( fre%2 or by agitation & a remixture ( ! lees4 ,x is ^u ! latt] pr9ciple1 call$ fe$+ on ! lees1 t "s =eign w9es are improv$ by long voyages2 b ?is treatm5t1 s s]viceable to ,madeira & o!r ,spani% w9es1 & also to "s ( ! ,fr5* w9es1 w\ld de/roy ,burgundy4 ,if !re be an excess ( f]m5tation ! sci5tific op]ator w regulate1 *eck or susp5d x1 by skimm+1 rack+1 f9+4 ,if skimm+ & rack+ d n succe$1 rec\rse mu/ be _h to f9+1 :i* may be effect$ by is+lass1 9 ! proportion ( ab\t an ounce to #ajj gallons4 ,! is+lass mu/ be beat51 = a few days1 ) a :isk 9 a small quantity ( ! w9e1 till completely att5uat$4 ,?is solution mu/ !n be well /irr$ into ! cask ( w9e1 :i* 9 ab\t a week w become f9e & fit = be+ rack$ (f4 ,?is f9+ is accompli%$ by ! union ( ! is+lass ) :at is call$ ! tann9 ( ! w9e4 ,f9+ may also be effect$ by /umm+1 i4 e4 by burn+ 9 a close vessel conta9+ a small "p ( ! w9e a brim/one rag1 at ! rate ( a dram ( sulphur to ?irty gallons2 & :5 consum$1 roll+ ! cask ab\t = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 t ! w9e may absorb z mu* z possible ( ! sulphuric acid gas4 ,?is be+ done1 ! cask is to be fill$ up ) ! rema9d] ( ! w9e1 & bung$ d[n4 ,9 ?is process ! sulphuric acid or its oxyg5 unites ) ! extractive matt] or soluble leav51 :i* be+ !reby r5d]$ insoluble is precipitat$ to ! bottom1 z ,i be=e obs]v$4 ,if w9es be p]fectly f]m5t$1 !y d n require ! addition ( any br&y1 z a suffici5cy ( _s is g5]at$ dur+ ! process4 ,! be/ temp]ature = c>ry+ on f]m5tation is ab\t #ed ,fahr5heit4 ,its p]fection dep5ds 9 "s degree ^u ! volume ( ! liquor2 ! l>g] ! quantity1 ! long] ! f]m5tation w cont9ue1 & ! /rong] & pleasant] w be ! w9e4 ,!re are h[ev] exceptions to ?is rule4 ,! peculi> excell5ce ( *ampagne w\ld be de/roy$1 if its f]m5tation 7 conduct$ ^u a l>ge scale3 x may be made successfully 9 a gallon measure4 ,?is w9e is s manag$ by ! mak]s z to f]m5t aft] bottl+4 ,dry w9es & f9e w9es are mu* m durable ?an any o!rs2 & ^? t w\ld p]i% 9 cask1 may be pres]v$ _m ye>s by bottl+4 ,^! h9ts w1 ,i hope1 enable ! mak]s ( home-made w9es to conduct ! process sci5tifically1 & to secure g5]ally a successful issue4 ,cook]y books & good h\sewives ab\nd 9 receipts = w9e-mak+1 :i* are v (t5 fanciful & absurd1 recomm5d+ ! introduction ( articles :i*1 9 _! v natures1 c\nt]act ! production ( good w9e4 ,h5ce we are sometimes pres5t$ ) su* mis]able mawki% /uff1 z disgraces ! "n ( w9e1 be+ only r5d]$ tol]able by ! br&y :i* has be5 add$ to x1 & :i* 9 "s degree cov]s ! crud5ess & insipidity ( ! comp\nd1 & mod]ates its ho/ility to ! peace ( our /oma*s4 ,,! ,,anatomy ,,& ,,physiology ,,( ,,! ,,bee4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,anatomy4 ,hav+ giv5 9 detail ! in/ructions necess>y = ! dome/ic managem5t ( ! ,bee1 & treat$ ( su* p>ts ( its physiology z t detail naturally sugge/$2 ,i %all n[ proce$ to give an acc\nt ( ! mo/ important p>ts ( its anatomical /ructure1 & s mu* m ( its physiology z may arise f a consid]ation ( t /ructure1 or be o!rwise likely to int]e/ my read]s4 ,"s p]sons may possibly consid] a description ( ! anatomy ( s small a creature z unimportant & un9t]e/+2 b )\t und]/&+ ! anatomy ( ! bee1 its physiology w\ld be vague1 unc]ta91 & conjectural2 & x is physiological k t has hi!rto l$1 & mu/ /ill lead1 to a sci5tific & pr(itable managem5t ( ?is insect4 ,! enlight5$ ,boyle1 :5 contemplat+ ! v>i\s wond]s ( ,nature1 has decl>$ 8 a/oni%m5t to h be5 m excit$ by ! mite ?an by ! elephant2 & t 8 admiration dwelt1 n s mu* on ! clocks z on ! wat*es ( creation4 ,x is n my int5tion1 h[ev]1 to ent] deeply into ! anatomy ( ! bee1 b m]ely to give a g5]al acc\nt ( ^? p>ts :i* are mo/ prom95t & important2 any?+ beyond ?is w\ld1 to ! g5]al read]1 be t$i\s & un9t]e/+4 ,^? :o desire m9ute in=mation may obta9 x 9 v>i\s works1 b 9 none m satisfactorily ?an 9 t ( ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce4 ,! natural ,! ,head4 divisions ( are ,! ,trunk4 ! ,bee ,! ,abdom54 ,^! are connect$ toge!r by ligam5ts4 ,! ,head1 9 common ) t ( o!r creatures1 is ! inlet = nutrition & ! pr9cipal seat ( ! organs ( s5sation4--,( nutrition & s5sation ,i %all speak 9 _! appropriate places4 ,! ,trunk is ! int]m$iate section ( ! body betwe5 ! head & ! abdom53 x approa*es 9 figure to a sph]e1 & is ! seat ( ! organs ( motion2 x conta9s ! muscles ( ! w+s & legs :i* proce$ f x1 & is ! ma9 prop1 or z x 7 ! key-/one1 ( ! o!r two sections4 ,! upp] side is call$ ?orax or ! *e/1 ! "u side pectus or ! brea/4 ,! ,abdom5 is ! ?ird section ( ! body1 po/]ior to ! trunk2 x is divid$ into six r+s or segm5ts1 :i*1 by slid+ "o ov] ano!r1 s]ve to %ort5 or l5g!n ! body4 ,x is ! seat ( ! organs ( g5]ation1 & pr9cipally ( ^? connect$ ) respiration2 & conta9s also ! anus & ! /+4 ,! upp] "p is call$ t]gum or ! back1 ! "u side v5t] or ! belly4 ,! ,head4 ,! mo/ rem>kable "p ( ! head is ! ,proboscis1 ( :i* s good an acc\nt has be5 giv5 by ,dr4 ,evans t ,i %all describe x ne>ly 9 8 words4 ,x is n s mu* ! m]e simplicity ( nature1 :i* excites our wond] & admiration1 z t app>5tly complex /ructure1 :i* op]ates ) all ! ease ( ! simple/ ma*9]y4 ,( ?is we h n a m /rik+ in/ance ?an 9 ! proboscis ( ! lab\r+ bee3 ?\gh ! compon5t p>ts ( ! proboscis are sc>cely disc]nible by ! nak$ eye1 yet are !y f> m complicat$ ?an ! elephant's /up5d\s trunk4 ,x consi/s ( no less ?an five di/9ct bran*es2 namely1 a c5tral trunk1 or tongue1 & f\r horny scales1 tap]+ to a po9t1 convex outw>ds & concave t[>ds ! trunk2 ! two out] ones s %ea? ! inn] z to appe> b "o s+le tube3 by a jo9t 9 ! middle !y b5d1 or ext5d all at once1 c>ry+ ) !m ! un>ticulat$ tongue1 :i* is cyl9drical1 & ab\t ! size ( a man's hair1 & appe>s ?r\gh a magnifi] to be compos$ ( successive r+s4 ,x has probably z _m %ort muscles z ! tongue ( a fi%1 :i* are capable ( mov+ x 9 all directions2 & t[>ds its t]m9ation is furni%$ ) hairs or villi1 "s ( :i* at ! po9t are v long1 & seem to act l capill>y tubes4 ,mr4 ,wildman assures u1 t he has se5 ! trunk gr[+ bigg] & less by turns1 swell+ ! in/ant ! bee suck$2 & ?is alt]nate less5+ & enl>gem5t propagat$ f ! extremity to ! root4 ,:at a delicate app>atus ( invisible muscles mu/ p]=m ?is (fice6 ,! tongue is capable ( be+ contract$ & fold$ up at pleasure2 = if x 7 con/antly ext5d$1 x w\ld be expos$ to injury3 :5 at re/1 !re=e1 x is d\bl$ up by means ( its jo9t1 & lies 9 a v small compass2 ! fir/ portion be+ br\ght )9 ! lip1 & ! second "p fold$ "u ! head & neck1 protection is giv5 to x by a d\ble %ea?1 consi/+ ( f\r /rong scales1 ! two inn] scales %ea?+ ! tongue1 & ! two out] & l>g] ones encompass+ ! :ole4 ,:5 at "w1 ! trunk is l5g!n$ beyond its %ea?s1 probes ! v bottom ( ! fl[]s1 ?r\gh all imp$im5ts ( foliage or fructification1 & dra9s !m ( ^? treasur$ sweets :i*1 )\t su* an app>atus1 w\ld be completely inaccessible4 ,! proboscis ( ! bee is n us$ l t ( o!r flies1 n be+ tubul> l !irs1 b s]ves z a bru% or besom to sweep1 or z a tongue to lap,k2 hav+ collect$ ! nect> ( fl[]s 9 small drops1 x deposits its collection ^u ! tongue1 :i* is protrud$ = ! purpose ( receiv+ x1 & hav+ receiv$ x1 )drawn aga94 ,footnote ,k3 ,! bee & all o!r insects t lap _! food are call$ lamb5t insects4 ,! ,lips4 ,! bee has two lips1 an upp] "o call$ labrum1 & an "u "o call$ labium2 7! ,m5tum ( ,latreille47 ,! ,tongue ( ! bee1 :i* is v long1 is at its upp] "p c>tilag9\s2 bel[ ! middle1 membran\s & capable ( consid]able inflation1 ?us =m+ a bag to receive ! honey f ! proboscis1 prep>atory to its conveyance into ! ph>ynx4 ,x t]m9ates 9 a knob1 b has no passage ?r\gh x1 to ex]cise ! p[] ( suction1 z has be5 suppos$4 ,:5 9 a /ate ( inaction1 x is fold$ up longitud9ally1 & lies betwe5 ! lips4 ,! tongue ( ! work+ bee is probably ! l>ge/ ( any kn[n animal1 = its size2 x is mu* long] ?an t ( ei!r ! male or que51 & ?us fitt$ = tak+ up honey at a consid]able dep?4 ,! bee has ! p[] ( unfold+ x ) great rapidity1 & d>t+ x betwixt ! petals & /am9a ( ^? fl[]s t af=d honey1 x moves x ab\t 9 e direction1 sweep+ ! convex z well z ! concave surface ( ! petals4 ,! ,ph>ynx lies at ! root ( ! tongue2 x is an op5+ by :i* ! honey passes f ! tongue to ! gullet or honey-bag1 & closes by a valve4 ,! sophagus or ,gullet receives ! food f ! ph>ynx1 & conveys x1 9 "p at lea/1 to ! /oma*1 !re to be dige/$1 animaliz$1 & =w>d$ to ! small inte/9es1 f :5ce x is di/ribut$1 ?r\gh appropriate vessels or tubes1 to all p>ts ( ! body = its nutrim5t4 ,! gullet is long & sl5d]1 comm5ces at ! t]m9ation ( ! ph>ynx1 & trav]s+ ! neck & brea/1 dilates into a f9e bag1 transp>5t z cry/al1 & :5 fill$ ) honey ab\t ! size ( a small pea4 ,9 bees caught on go+ out e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ,mr4 ,hunt] f\nd ?is res]voir p]fectly empty2 b 9 ^? return+ f ! fields1 x 0 q full ( honey1 "s ( :i* _h pass$ into ! /oma*4 ,! ,m&ibles or upp] jaws move horizontally1 & are arm$ ) tee?4 ,! ,maxill or "u jaws are situat$ bel[ ! m&ibles1 h a simil> motion1 & =m1 accord+ to ,l9nu1 ! %ea? ( ! tongue4 ,de ,ge] reg>d$ !m z "p ( ! app>atus ( ! "u lip1 on ea* side ( :i* !y are plac$4 ,! m&ibles are p[]ful organs1 h>d & horny1 & con/itute ! tools ) :i* ! bee p]=ms its v>i\s lab\rs2 ! maxill on ! contr>y are s(t & lea!ry3 ! latt] probably s]ve to hold su* mat]ials z ! =m] h occasion to op]ate ^u4 ,! ,ant5n4 ,( all ! organs ( insects1 none appe> to be ( m importance ?an _! ant5n3 9 all ! tribe !y are plant$ ei!r betwe5 or bel[ ! eyes2 & no insect has m ?an two3 9 _! g5]al /ructure1 !y consi/ ( a numb] ( tubul> jo9ts1 ea* hav+ a sep>ate motion1 :i* gives !m e v>iety ( flexure4 ,! ant5n ( ! male h "o m jo9t ?an ^? ( ! female1 ! =m] hav+ ?irte51 ! latt] only twelve4 ,!y seem to enable ! insects1 by c]ta9 signs & ge/ures1 to communicate to ea* o!r _! mutual wants or discov]ies4 ,b ,i %all ent] m fully into ?is subject :5 ,i come to speak ( ! v>i\s uses to :i* ! ant5n are appli$4 ,! ,palpi or ,feel]s are also important organs2 _! ends are furni%$ ) n]v\s papill1 indicat+ "s peculi> s5se1 ( :i* !y are ! in/rum5t3 !y are f\r 9 numb]1 two em]g+ f ! maxill call$ maxill>y feel]s1 & "o f ea* side ( ! labium1 call$ labial feel]s4 ,! maxill>y are %ort & )\t a jo9t1 ! labial long & ) f\r jo9ts1 includ+ ! two flat jo9ts or elevators4 ,! ,eyes1 two 9 numb]1 are plac$ 9 ! sides ( ! head2 !y are comp\nds ( an inf9ite numb] ( hexagonal l5ses1 z cle> z cry/al1 & are gu>d$ by a horny tunicle or cov]+4 ,?is subject is h[ev] treat$ ( 9 ,*ap4 ,,xxxii4 ,! ,trunk4 ,! trunk af=ds atta*m5t to ! organs ( motion4 ,fir/1 ,to ! ,w+s1 :i* transport ! insect ?r\gh ! air2 ^! consi/ ( two sup]ior & two inf]ior3 !y are membran\s & transp>5t1 & :ile 9 a /ate ( repose are incumb5t on ea* o!r1 cov]+ ! abdom54 ,bees & v>i\s o!r hym5opt]\s insects1 & also ^? ( ! dipt]\s family1 possess ! p[] ( fly+ 9 a m p]fect degree ?an any class ( animals besides1 surpass+ 9 ?is respect ev5 ! bird tribe4 ,9 ! ant]ior m>g9 ( ! "u w+s small hooks 7hamuli7 are plac$1 :i* are capable ( lay+ hold ( ! po/]ior m>g9 ( ! upp] w+s1 by means ( :i* !y are kept /eady :5 fly+4 ,^! hooks are discov]able "u a good magnifi]4 ,secondly1 ,to ! ,legs1 by :i* ! insect moves itself f place to place ^u ! e>?4 ,( ^! !re are six 9 numb]1 ea* compos$ ( sev]al jo9ts1 & articulat$ l our arms1 ?us af=d+ ! p[] ( v>i\s movem5ts3 9 ! legs are ?ree di/9ct divisions2 namely1 ! ?igh1 ! %ank1 & ! foot4 ,9 ! f\r h9d] legs "o jo9t =ms a k9d ( bru%1 ext]nally smoo? & b>e1 b cov]$ on ! inside ) /iff bri/l+ hairs4 ,by ^! ! insect is enabl$ to bru% (f f>9a bo? f ! tips ( ! /am9a ( fl[]s & f ! hairs ( its own body4 ,) ! jaws & two =e-feet1 ! meal is roll$ into small compact masses1 :i* are convey$1 by ! middle pair ( legs1 to ! spoon-%ap$ cavities 9 ! c5tre jo9t ( ! two h9dmo/ feet2 ^! are surr\nd$ by /rong close set hairs1 to secure m firmly ! preci\s burd5s4 7,no su* groove is to be f\nd 9 ! legs ( ei!r ! que5-bee or drone47 ,ea* foot t]m9ates 9 two hooks1 ) _! po9ts opposite to ea* o!r1 by means ( :i* ! bees susp5d !mselves f ! ro(s or sides ( ! hives or boxes1 & hang f ea* o!r1 9 ! =m ( fe/oons1 ropes1 or cones4 ,f ! middle ( ea* pair ( hooks proce$s a little ?9 app5dix1 :i* is usually fold$ up2 :5 unfold$ x enables ! insects to fa/5 !mselves to poli%$ surfaces1 su* z glass1 c43 !y probably also use x = tak+ up small bodies1 ! poll5 = in/ance1 :i* !y !reby transmit to ! holl[s ( _! h9d] legs4 ,! trunk also gives orig9 to a numb] ( muscles1 s]v+ v>i\s purposes1 :i* x w\ld lead me too mu* into detail to ent] ^u "h4 ,! ,abdom54 ,! abdom51 besides v>i\s o!r p>ts1 conta9s ! honey-bag1 ! v5om-bag1 & ! anus1 :i* latt] 9 ! female compreh5ds ! ovipositor & /+3 9 ! male x conta9s ! organs ( reproduction b no /+1 & ( c\rse no ovipositor4 ,= a p>ticul> acc\nt ( ^!1 vide ,organs ( ,reproduction fur!r on4 ,organs ( ,s5sation4 ,we h an abundance ( presumptive evid5ce t bees are end[$ ) s5sation & p]ception1 & t ! excitem5t ( ^! faculties is communicat$1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( n]ves1 to a common s5sorium1 ?\gh ! latt] 0 d5i$ to insects by ,l9nu & o!r em95t naturali/s4 ,common s5sation1 h[ev]1 does n reside 9 ! bra9 alone ( insects1 z 9 t ( w>m-blood$ animals1 b 9 ! sp9al m>r[ also2 h5ce x is t bees & _m o!r insects exhibit signs ( s5sation aft] _! heads h be5 sev]$ f _! bodies4 ,"s insects exhibit ^! = a long "t aft]w>ds1 ! wasp = in/ance2 ,lyonnet in=ms u t he has se5 motion 9 ! body ( a wasp1 ?ree days aft] its division f ! head2 & ,i h kn[n sev]al in/ances ( its inflict+ w\nds ) its /+1 at lea/ f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs aft] ! sep>ation4 ,! sev]$ body w n only move b walk1 & sometimes ev5 fly1 at fir/ almo/ z actively )\t ! head z ) x4 ,! p5etrat+ g5ius ( ,"l ,bacon af=d$ him su* illum9ation ^u ?is subject1 z to enable him to approa* v ne> to :at is at ?is day reg>d$ z a correct /atem5t ( ! cause ( ?is protract$ vitality 9 mutilat$ insects4 ,!y /irre1 says he1 a good :ile aft] _! heads are (f1 or t !y be cut 9 pieces2 :i* is caus$ also = t _! vital spirits are m diffus$ ?r\gh\t all _! p>ts1 & lesse conf9$ to organs ?an 9 p]fect creatures4 ,t insects h a real s5sorium or bra91 w\ld seem to be prov$ by _! hav+ memory1 & a capacity to receive in/ruction1 & acquire new habits4 ,su* functions 9 high] animals are reg>d$ z functions ( a c]ebral sy/em4 ,t !y are end[$ ) memory _c well be d\bt$4 ,hub] relates a rem>kable in/ance ( x 9 bees1 :i* illu/rates :at w h]eaft] be said on _! hav+ a me?od ( communicat+ in=mation to ea* o!r4 ,honey1 says he1 _h be5 plac$ 9 a w9d[ 9 autumn1 :]e ! bees resort$ to x 9 multitudes4 ,x 0 remov$1 & ! %utt]s clos$ dur+ w9t]2 b :5 op5$ aga91 on ! return ( spr+1 ! bees came back1 ?\gh no honey 0 !re4 ,und\bt$ly !y rememb]$ x1 !re=e an int]val ( sev]al weeks did n oblit]ate ! impression !y _h receiv$4 ,b ! mo/ /rik+ fact ev9c+ ! memory ( bees has be5 communicat$ to me1 says ,mr4 ,kirby1 by my intellig5t fri5d ,mr4 ,w4 ,/ickney1 ( ,ridgemont1 ,hold]ness4 ,ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago1 a sw>m f "o ( ?is g5tleman's hives took possession ( an op5+ b5ea? ! tiles ( 8 h\se1 :5ce1 aft] rema9+ a few h\rs1 !y 7 dislodg$ & hiv$4 ,= _m subsequ5t ye>s1 :5 ! hives desc5d$ f ?is /ock 7 ab\t to sw>m1 a consid]able p>ty ( sc\ts 7 obs]v$1 = a few days be=e1 to be reconnoitr+ ab\t ! old hole "u ! tiles2 & ,mr4 ,/ickney is p]suad$1 t if suff]$1 !y w\ld h e/abli%$ !mselves !re4 ,he is c]ta9 t = eight ye>s successively ! desc5dants ( ! v /ock t fir/ took possession ( ! hole1 frequ5t$ x z above /at$1 & n ^? ( any o!r sw>ms2 hav+ con/antly notic$ !m1 & asc]ta9$ t !y 7 bees f ! orig9al hive by p[d]+ !m1 :ile ab\t ! tiles1 ) yell[ o*re1 & wat*+ _! return4 ,& ev5 at ! pres5t "t1 !re are /ill se5 e sw>m+ season ab\t ! tiles1 bees1 :i* ,mr4 ,/ickney has no d\bt are desc5dants f ! orig9al /ock4 ,"s anecdotes ( ! spid] prove t insects are capable ( in/ruction4 ,m4 ,pelisson1 :5 he 0 conf9$ 9 ! ,ba/ille1 tam$ a spid]1 & taught x to come = food at ! s\nd ( an in/rum5t4 ,a manufactur] also1 9 an ap>tm5t at ,p>is1 f$ #hjj spid]s1 :i* became s tame1 t :5ev] he ent]$ x1 :i* he usually did ) a di% ( flies1 !y imm$iately came d[n to receive _! food4 ,t insects are susceptible ( a *ange ( habits1 or r t !y may acquire civiliz$ habits1 if ,i may say s1 is %[n by ! dome/ication ( bees1 & occasionally by t ( ants & wasps4 ,hub]'s exp]im5ts1 ) leaf-hives1 %[ ! exi/5ce ( ?is faculty 9 an em95t degree1 = he assures u t x r5d]s ! bees q tame & tractable4 ,mo/ physiologi/s1 re/+ ^u ! evid5ce ( analogy1 agree 9 attribut+ five s5ses to insects3 7,dr4 ,virey1 z w be se5 fur!r on1 ascribes to !m sev5 s5ses37 ?\gh !re is a diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! organs by :i* ^? s5ses are convey$4 ,! ant5n = in/ance1 h be5 reg>d$ by "s z ! organs ( smell1 by o!rs z ! organs ( t\*1 & by a ?ird class z ! organs ( he>+4 ,) ! sub/itution ( ta/e =be>+1 ! same op9ions h be5 ma9ta9$ respect+ ! palpi2 nor c ! "q ev5 n[ be consid]$ z settl$4 ,! prevail+ op9ion seems to be1 t ! ant5n are explor]s or tactors1 b t !y are also appli$ to o!r uses2 ! effects produc$ by _! excision indicate t !y are organs ( ! highe/ importance4 ,vide ,s5ses ( ,bees4 ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce notice ! analogy borne by ant5n to ! e>s ( v]tebrate animals1 su* z _! correspond+ 9 numb] & /&+ out f ! head4 ,no e!r organ has be5 f\nd :i* c be suppos$ to repres5t ! e>,l4 ,& :at ,i h said 9 ano!r place1 ( _! con/itut+ a six? s5se1 has receiv$ "s c\nt5ance f ! obs]vations ( ^? naturali/s4 ,i conceive1 says ,mr4 ,k41 t ! ant5n1 by a peculi> /ructure1 may collect notices f ! atmosph]e1 receive pulses or vibrations1 & communicate !m to ! s5sorium1 :i*1 communications ?\gh n precisely to be call$ he>+1 may answ] ! same purpose4 ,lehmann calls ! function ( ! ant5n aroscepsy4 ,a v rem>kable in/ance ( ! effect produc$ ^u !m by s\nd1 is adduc$ by ! au?ors j quot$1 :i* "o ( !m has ?us relat$4 ,a little mo? 0 repos+ ^u my w9d[2 ,i made a quiet1 n l\d1 b di/9ct noise3 ! ne>e/ ant5na imm$iately mov$ t[>ds me4 ,i repeat$ ! noise at lea/ a doz5 times1 & x 0 foll[$ e "t by ! same motion ( t organ2 till at l5g? ! insect1 be+ al>m$1 became agitat$ & viol5t 9 its motions4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 x c\ld n be t\*2 s9ce ! ant5na 0 n appli$ to a surface1 b direct$ t[>ds ! qu>t] f :i* ! s\nd came1 z if to li/54 ,footnote ,l3 ,m>cel de ,s]res ?9ks he has discov]$ an organ ( he>+ 9 mo/ insects1 b does n /ate its situation4 ,t ! ant5n %\ld h be5 reg>d$ z organs ( smell is n surpris+ :5 ! proce$+s ( ! bees on visit+ fl[]s are consid]$2 _! fir/ act is to introduce "o ( ! ant5n1 b no fur!r ?an ! tip3 ?is conduct w\ld naturally en\gh convey ! idea ( look+ or smell+ = nect>2 yet x does n at all militate aga9/ ! op9ion t ! ant5n are transmitt]s ( s\nd2 ! s5se :i* !y supply may1 9 ^! little creatures1 be s v f9e1 z to enable !m to he> ! bur/+ ( an an!r1 or ! exudation ( nect>4 ,! cont9ual motion ( ! ant5n ( insects f side to side1 :5 !y walk1 conveys ! idea t x is by _! means t !y in=m !mselves ( :at is go+ on 9 _! imm$iate vic9ity4 ,! importance ( ! ant5n may be inf]r$ f _! v complicat$ /ructure4 ,mr4 ,kirby has obs]v$1 t 9 "o species ( ,apis :i* he exam9$1 "u a p[]ful magnifi]1 ! t5 la/ jo9ts ( ! ant5n appe>$ to be compos$ ( innum]able hexagons1 & f ?is simil>ity 9 _! /ructure to ! eyes 7,vide ,s5ses ( ,bees7 he ?\ght t !y might s]ve a some:at analog\s purpose4 ,:at ,i h said ) respect to ! ,s5ses ( ,bees1 9 ano!r place1 w ,i ?9k make x evid5t t ^! insects possess an organ ( smell1 b ) respect to its situation naturali/s diff]4 ,ba/]1 ,lehmann1 & ,cuvi]1 consid] ! spiracles z ! organs ( smell1 z well z ( respiration3 ?is op9ion is f\nd$ ^u ! notion t1 )\t ! inspiration ( air1 !re c be no smell2 & t z insects are small] ?an ! food !y live ^u1 x w\ld be ( no consequ5ce to !m :]e ?is s5se 0 situat$4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 on ! contr>y1 suppose t x resides 9 "s organ ne> ! m\?3 9 o!r p>ts ( ! animal creation c]ta9ly1 t is its situation2 & z !re seems to be a necess>y connection betwe5 smell & ta/e1 analogy %\ld lead u to argue 9 fav\r ( t op9ion2 b ?\gh smell be usually accompani$ by respiratory organs1 !y may n be ess5tially necess>y to x2 a bee may receive impressions f ext]nal objects1 9 a mann] :i* we _c compreh5d4 ,9 confirmation ( ?is op9ion ( ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 we h ! exp]im5ts ( ,hub]4 ,x seems t no od\r is s unpleasant to insects z t ( oil ( turp5t9e4 ,m4 ,hub] hav+ pres5t$ ?is oil1 on ! po9t ( a camel's hair p5cil1 successively to e "p ( ! abdom51 trunk & head1 x excit$ no uneas9ess 9 ! bee3 he !n tri$ ! eyes & ant5n1 b ) ! same result2 yet z soon z he po9t$ x a little above ! ins]tion ( ! proboscis1 ne> ! cavity ( ! m\?1 ! bee rec$$1 became agitat$1 clapp$ its w+s1 & w\ld h tak5 flight1 _h n ! p5cil be5 )drawn4 ,?is exp]im5t 0 repeat$ ) ! turp5t9e & o!r articles ( p5etrat+ od\r1 & ) ! same effect2 b :5 ! m\?s ( sev]al bees 7 /opp$ ) pa/e1 no su* consequ5ces ensu$1 on ! contr>y !y trav]s$ ! impregnat$ p5cils )\t be+ at all annoy$ by !m2 ev5 honey did n attract !m4 ,all ^! circum/ances t5d to prove t ! site ( smell+ is 9 or ne> ! m\?4--,?is subject w be resum$ 9 ,*ap4 ,,xxxii4 ,organs ( ,respiration4 ,! respiration ( bees is p]=m$ ?r\gh sev]al little orifices1 call$ /igmata1 spiracles1 or brea?+ pores1 situat$ 9 ! sides ( _! bodies1 beh9d _! w+s4 ,reaumur 0 ( op9ion t inspiration 0 p]=m$ ?r\gh ! spiracles1 & expiration ?r\gh ! m\?2 b ,bonnet prov$ satisfactorily t nei!r inspiration nor expiration takes place ?r\gh ! m\?4 ,! spiracles are connect$ ) a sy/em ( air-vessels call$ tra*e1 ramify+ ?r\gh e "p ( ! frame1 & s]v+ ! purpose ( lungs4 ,f ! abs5ce ( lungs1 ,ari/otle & ! anci5ts 9 g5]al ?\ght t insects did n brea!4 ,pl9y may p]haps be except$1 = he has obs]v$ t dipp+ bees 9 honey or oil deprives !m ( life2--?is imm]sion /ops up ! m\?s ( ! spiracles4 ,mod]n physiologi/s h h[ev] inconte/ibly prov$ t !y d brea!4 ,life & flame1 says ,cuvi]1 h ?is 9 common1 t nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r c subsi/ )\t air2 all liv+ be+s1 f man to ! mo/ m9ute vegetable1 p]i% :5 !y are utt]ly depriv$ ( t fluid4 ,hub] detect$ ! exi/5ce ( ! /igmata or brea?+ pores1 by imm]s+ diff]5t portions ( a bee 9 wat]1 & f9ally by total imm]sion1 ^u :i* he obs]v$ t bubbles ( air atta*$ !mselves = "s "t to ! orifices ( ! /igmata1 :i* alt]nately appe>$ & rec$$1 till _! increas$ bulk enabl$ !m to ov]come ! resi/ance ( inspiration & rise to ! surface4 ,^! respiratory organs escap$ ! obs]vation ( ,swamm]dam4 ,air is equally necess>y to insects 9 ! egg /ate3 ,spallanzani f\nd t _! eggs c\ld n be hat*$ 9 small close vessels1 ?\gh all o!r circum/ances 7 fav\rable to a developm5t4 ,! eggs ( ! hive-bee1 :il/ 9 ! ov>ies1 h a net-"w ( air-vessels spread ov] _! surfaces2--^! 7 discov]$ by ,swamm]dam3 f analogy1 we may reasonably conclude1 t su* a provision obta9s g5]ally4 ,! clos5ess ( a hive1 & its hav+ no direct curr5t ( air ?r\gh x1 may fav\r a belief t bees c exi/ 9 any atmosph]e1 h[ev] vitiat$1 & may seem also to confirm ! op9ion ( ! anci5ts1 t !y h no p>ticul> sy/em ( respiratory organs4 ,b ,m4 ,hub] & ,son h prov$ t !y brea! l o!r animals1 t !y are spe$ily depriv$ ( life1 if ! process ( respiration be arre/$2 s delicate inde$ is _! organization1 t !y detect ! smalle/ det]ioration 9 ! atmosph]e ( _! hives1 & imm$iately adopt measures to re/ore to ?is elem5t ! degree ( purity ess5tial to respiration3 f "s eudiometrical exp]im5ts1 x has be5 asc]ta9$ t ! air ( a well /ock$ hive is z pure z t by :i* x is surr\nd$4 ,/ill nei!r wax nor poll5 fav\rs ! g5]ation ( oxyg5 gas1 nor h bees ! faculty ( g5]at+ x2 = :5 v closely %ut up1 !y p]i% 9 a few h\rs4 ,! writ]s j ref]r$ to1 discov]$ t ! bees1 by unit+ ! two w+s ( ea* side1 by means ( ! small m>g9al hooks ) :i* !y are provid$1 s z to make !m pres5t ! l>ge/ possible surface to ! air1 7 capable ( /rik+ x ) consid]able =ce1 & t ?is =ce 0 increas$ by ! w+s =m+ a slight concavity4 ,! w+s arrang$ 9 ?is mann]1 are put into a viol5t vibratory motion by ! bees appo9t$ to ! (fice ( v5tilators1 & produce :at we call a draught ( air4 ,v5tilation is ?us sy/ematically accompli%$4 ,a c]ta9 portion ( v5tilat+ bees is /ation$ 9 files at ! entrance ( ! hive1 ) _! heads turn$ inw>ds2 ano!r & a l>g] p>ty1 9 files also1 /&s a consid]able way 9 ! int]ior1 ) _! heads t[>ds ! entrance3 ?us bo? ^! p>ties coop]ate1 9 produc+ a curr5t ( air 9 ! same direction1 & are s arrang$ z n to int]rupt ! passage ( _! fell[-citiz5s1 mov+ 9 & out4 ,z ?is h>d duty has no int]mission dur+ ! day1 nor 9 hot wea!r dur+ ! night1 & mu/ necess>ily occasion fatigue1 "o set ( v5tilators is consid]ately reliev$ 9 ab\t tw5ty-five m9utes1 by ano!r set ( fre% bees4 ,"u p>ticul> circum/ances ! numb] ( v5tilat+ bees is consid]ably increas$4 ,:5 ! air1 says ,hub]1 0 n r5ew$ 9 ! mann] desirable1 we h se5 all vibrat+ _! w+s at once1 ?\gh ?is nev] occurs 9 ! natural /ate1 :5 ! vibrations ( a few are suffici5t = v5tilation4 ,al?\gh ?is fann+ motion ( ! w+s is s rapid z to r5d] !m almo/ indi/+ui%able1 yet !y may be obs]v$ to describe an arc ( #ij4 ,! sagaci\s bees rem9d me ( a me?od :i* is sometimes adopt$ ( r5ew+ ! air ( a room1 call$ pump+2 "s p]son moves ! door backw>d & =w>d s rapidly z to cause a ?or\gh agitation ( ! conf9$ air1 & ! introduction ( a fre% unvitiat$ atmosph]e4 ,:5 !y are engag$ 9 v5tilation1 ! bees by means ( _! feet & claws1 fix !mselves z firmly z possible1 to ! place !y /& ^u4 ,! fir/ pair ( legs is /ret*$ out be=e2 ! second ext5d$ to ! "r & left3 :il/ ! ?ird1 plac$ v ne> ea* o!r1 are p]p5dicul> to ! abdom51 s z to give t "p consid]able elevation4 ,t v5tilation is c>ri$ on = ! purpose ( r5ew+ ! air ( ! hives1 & n = l[]+ its temp]ature1 is evid5t f its be+ cont9u$ to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ev5 dur+ ! dep? ( w9t]4 ,! vibratory motion ( ! bee's w+s has be5 reg>d$ by "s z ! pr9cipal cause ( ! humm+ noise he>d 9 e prosp]\s hive dur+ ! busy season4 ,?is humm+ has likewise be5 attribut$ to ! ru%+ ( ! air ?r\gh _! spiracles3 s ?\ght ,m4 ,*abri]1 &1 ,i believe1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,hunt]4 ,mr4 ,h4 assures u t bees c produce a s\nd indep5d5tly ( _! w+s2 = if ^! be sme>$ ov] ) honey s z to /ick toge!r1 ! bee /ill makes a noise1 :i* is %rill & peevi%4 ,he f\nd ! same effect f hold+ ! bee by ! legs1 ) a pair ( p9c]s1 :ile ! w+s 7 p]fectly /ill1 & also by imm]s+ ! insect 9 wat]1 ?\gh n till x 0 v mu* teas$4 ,! :ole body ( a drone is 9 a /ate ( vibration :5 x hums4 ,?\gh depriv$ ( its w+s1 x is capable ( produc+ a s\nd exactly simil>1 & probably ! same ) its =m] hum3 ev5 :5 ! legs are cut (f1 ! trunk reta9s its tremul\s motion1 & utt]s an audible noise4 ,if imm]s$ 9 wat]1 _m air-bubbles are dis5gag$ f x3 b ?\gh ! mutilat$ insect be tak5 out alive1 x is no long] sonor\s4 ,?is exp]im5t1 h[ev] incomplete1 says a writ] 9 ! ,dictionnaire des ,sci5ces ,naturelles1 t5ds at lea/ to prove1 t ! humm+ ( bees is n occasion$ by a /rong vibration ( ! int]nal "p ( ! upp] w+s1 b r by a tremul\s affection ( ! entire body2 & p]haps ev5 by ! escape ( a great] quantity ( air ?r\gh ! /igmata or spiracles4 ,?is la/ w\ld am\nt to a sort ( voice4 ,! humm+ noise ) :i* a fl[] is always approa*$ by ! bee1 ceases z soon z %e has alight$ ^u x1 ?\gh dur+ ! "t t %e is extract+ its sweets %e is 9 a con/ant vibratory motion4 ,circulation4 ,! t]m circulation is n /rictly applicable to ! imp]fect sangu9e\s sy/em ( insects1 z ! fluid :i* supplies _! bodies ) nutrim5t is n di/ribut$ to its sev]al p>ts ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a he>t & vascul> sy/em4 ,lyonnet & ,cuvi] are bo? ( op9ion t insects h no he>t1 :]eas all creatures t possess a circulation1 prop]ly s call$1 h a he>t1 lungs or gills1 & a liv]2 b insects h only air-vessels & hepatic ducts4 ,! *yle :i* is produc$ 9 _! inte/9es1 transpir+ ?r\gh ! pores ( ! inte/9al canal1 passes into ! g5]al cavity ( ! body1 :]e x is probably animaliz$1 & made to answ] ! same purposes t blood does to creatures ( a high] class1 ?\gh :5 animaliz$ x /ill reta9s its :ite col\r4 ,al?\gh its di/ribution is obscure1 f its analogy to blood1 we may conclude t x is a fluid :i* visits & n\ri%es e "p ( ! insect's body2 t f x secretions are made1 & t1 z 9 o!r creatures1 x is fitt$ = ^! purposes by receiv+ oxyg5 f ! air-vessels4 ,cuvi] has obs]v$ t ! blood ( insects1 = want ( a circulat+ sy/em1 n be+ able to seek ! air1 ! air goes to seek ! blood2 ! air-vessels1 z ,i h /at$ "u ! head ( ,respiration1 are di/ribut$ to e "p ( ! body4 ,nutrition4 ,f :at ,i h said "u ! head ( ,circulation1 x w appe> evid5t t ! bodies ( bees & o!r insects are suppli$ ) nutrim5t 9 a v simple mann]4 ,cuvi] is ( op9ion t x is obta9$ by direct absorption or transudation1 by imbibition z he calls x1 ?r\gh ! pores ( ! inte/9al canal1 along :i* ! blood or animaliz$ *yle passes3 & ,lyonnet ?9ks t ?is imbibition is analog\s to t :i* takes place f ! e>? by ! roots ( plants4 ,secretion4 ,e ?+ connect$ ) ! subject ( secretion seems to be obscure3 x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t secretions d take place2 = silk1 wax1 & poison are all ! results ( t process4 ,! fir/ ( ^! sub/ances is only secret$ by ! bee :5 9 its l>va /ate4 ,i mu/ ref] ^? :o wi% = in=mation respect+ silk1 to ^? naturali/s :o h writt5 on ! silk-worm4 ,! secretion ( wax ,i %all treat ( h]eaft] 9 a di/9ct *apt]2 & x w be bett] p]haps to speak ( ,poison1 aft] describ+ ! /+ & its appurt5ances4 ,!re is "o secretion h[ev]1 on :i* ,i w say a few words 9 ?is place1--viz4 ,p]spiration4 ,p]spiration4 ,! temp]ature ( insects n greg>i\s1 is g5]ally t ( ! m$ium !y inhabit2 b bees possess ! p[] n only ( pres]v+ a high temp]ature dur+ ! colde/ m\?s ( w9t]1 b ( rais+ t temp]ature "u p>ticul> circum/ances4 ,dr4 ,d>w9 has obs]v$ t !y g5]ate heat by a g5]al motion ( _! legs1 z !y hang clu/]$ toge!r 9 ! hives3 ,hub] ?9ks t x may be increas$ by ! agitation ( _! w+s2--:atev] di/urbs !m s z to cause a tumult inv>iably produces a consid]able accession ( heat4 ,in*1 a ,g]man1 plung$ a !rmomet] into a bee-hive 9 ! w9t]1 & saw ! m]cury /& #bg degrees high] ?an x did 9 ! op5 air4 ,mr4 ,hunt] f\nd ! heat ( a hive v>y f #gc to #hd ( ,fahr5heit2 & ,hub]1 :o says t 9 a prosp]\s hive ! !rmomet] 9 w9t] commonly /&s at f #hf to #hh1 & 9 summ] betwe5 #ie & #ig1 /ates t he has obs]v$ x1 on "s occasions1 to rise sudd5ly f ab\t #ib to above #ajd4 ,! =m] naturali/1 ab\t t5 o'clock 9 ! morn+1 9 ! middle ( ,july1 :5 ! quicksilv] 9 ! !rmomet] 9 ! op5 air rang$ at #ed1 f\nd t on plung+ x into a bee-hive1 x rose 9 less ?an five m9utes to #hb4 ,at five ! next morn+ x /ood at #gi1--;at n9e x _h ris5 to #hc1--;at "o to #hd2 & at n9e 9 ! ev5+ x _h fall5 to #gh4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,decemb]1 :5 ! temp]ature ( ! air 0 #ce1 t 9 ! hive 0 #gc4 ,bees also possess ! p[] ( c\nt]act+ or ?r[+ (f sup]abundant heat1 by p]spiration4 ,hub] obs]v$1 t :5 cr[d$ toge!r 9 hot wea!r1 !y become mu* heat$1 & p]spire s copi\sly t ^? ne> ! bottom seem p]fectly dr5*$1 & are = a "t incapable ( fly+ f ! moi/ure on _! w+s4 ,motion4 ,! motions ( insects are p]=m$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( an appropriate app>atus ( muscles1 :i* move ! head1 trunk1 abdom51 visc]a1 & limbs1 z 9 o!r p>ts ( ! animal creation4 ,! muscles ( insects g5]ally possess v great p[]1 z may be se5 by ! motion ( ! m&ibles1 & ! propulsion ( ! bee's /+4 ,x is v /rik+ly ev9c$ also 9 ! flea4 ,latreille gives an acc\nt ( "o t dragg$ a silv] cannon tw5ty-f\r times its own weight1 fir+ x (f aft]w>ds1 )\t exhibit+ any symptom ( fe>4 ,an ,engli% workman also is said to h made an ivory coa*1 ) six horses1 a coa*man on ! seat ) a dog betwe5 8 legs1 a po/illion1 f\r p]sons 9 ! coa*1 & f\r lacqueys beh9d1--! :ole ( :i* 0 dragg$ by a s+le flea4 ,a fur!r evid5ce ( ! muscul> p[] ( ! flea is ! ext5t ( its leaps1 :i* equal a space ( #bjj times ! l5g? ( its own body4 ,?is calculation1 or a v simil> "o1 0 made by ,socrates1 :o 0 mu* ridicul$ = x by ,ari/ophanes4 ,! poet1 h[ev]1 did n conf9e 8 ridicule to ?is m9ut5ess ( calculation1 b attack$ likewise ! "* & precepts ( t great philosoph]2 = ! :ole ( :i* satire he has ju/ly incurr$ ! c5sure ( po/]ity4 ,organs ( ,reproduction4 ,^! organs1 9 ! drone1 correspond 9 function & d5om9ation ) ^? ( ! high] classes ( animals3 _! *ief peculi>ity consi/s 9 _! size1 9 proportion to t ( ! insect1 & 9 _! be+ m "u ! belly ?an 9 o!r insects ( ?is tribe2--!y are l>g] ?an ^? ( ! humble-bee1 & ! two la/ scales ( ! back & belly are l>g] ?an ^? ( ! que5 or work]s4 ,! female organs consi/ pr9cipally ( ! ov>ies1 ! oviducts1 ! sp]m-res]voir1 & ! ovipositor4 ,9 ! ov>ies ! eggs are g5]at$1 & rema9 till r5d]$ fit by impregnation1 & ! o!r circum/ances necess>y = _! maturation1 to pass ?r\gh ! oviducts4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,hunt]1 :at are call$ ov>ies are really ducts2 ! eggs !re=e are n =m$ z 9 o!r animals1 9 a clu/] on ! back1 b 9 ^? ducts1 ( :i* !re are six on ea* side4 ,:5 full ( eggs1 !y =m a k9d ( quadrangle2 ^! six ducts unit+ on ea* side into "o duct1 ?is latt] ent]s a duct common to bo? sides1 :i* may be call$ ! vag9a or ovipositor4 ,! common oviduct is ! canal ?r\gh :i* ! eggs pass f ! ov>ies z !y are call$1 to ! ovipositor4 ,! sp]m-res]voir is ! organ :i*1 accord+ to ,h]old1 receives ! impregnat+ sp]m ( ! drone1 ! modus op]&i ( :i* we are unacqua9t$ )4 ,9 ! hive-bee & 9 "s o!r insects1 ! influ5ce ( ?is sp]m cont9ues s long a "t1 & ?r\gh s _m g5]ations1 z almo/ to exce$ belief4 7,vide page #ca74 ,?is l$ ,dr4 ,haighton to ent]ta9 ! op9ion t actual contact betwixt ! male sp]m & ! egg 0 n necess>y1 b t impregnation 0 effect$ by "s unkn[n sympa!tic influ5ce4 ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce h rec\rse to ! old doctr9e ( an aura sem9alis be+ all t is requir$ to vivify ! egg1 & :i* !y ?9k may be reta9$ = a long p]iod4 ,^u ?is subject ,i h ent]$ at "s l5g? 9 page #be et seq4 ,! ovipositor places ! eggs 9 _! appropriate situations1 & is an in/rum5t ( mo/ curi\s /ructure4 ,x consi/s ( a long tube1 or r sev]al tubes1 retractile )9 ea* o!r1 l ! pieces ( a telescope1 & s]ves n only to convey ! extrud$ eggs to ! place ( _! de/9ation1 b acts also z a %ea? = ! /+1 hav+ a %>p po9t :i* makes ! fir/ impression :5 ! creature int5ds to use its /+1--inde$ x appe>s to be itself ! /+4 ,x has a slit ne> its extremity1 ?r\gh :i* ! /+ & poison are all[$ to pass at ! "t ( /++4 ,"s insects h occasion to bore a hole 9 wood1 or o!r h>d sub/ances1 to obta9 a prop] nidus = _! eggs2 ! ovipositor is _! op]at+ in/rum5t1 & w ei!r saw or bore a passage to ! desir$ place4 ,?us x appe>s t ?is curi\sly complex app>atus1 :i* 9 ! bee is us$ bo? z a weapon ( def5ce & (f5ce1 is a holl[ horny tube or scabb>d1 inclos+ two be>d$ d>ts1 :i* c be ?ru/ a %ort way beyond ! %ea?1 ?\gh ! :ole appe>s to ! nak$ eye l ! solid po9t ( ! m9ute/ ne$le4 ,?is app>atus is mov$ by muscles :i*1 ?\gh invisible to ! eye1 are yet /rong en\gh to =ce ! /+ to ! dep? ( "o twelf? ( an in* ?r\gh ! ?ick cuticle ( a man's h&4 ,x is articulat$ by ?irte5 scales to ! l[] end ( ! insect's body2 & at its root are situat$ two gl&s or ducts1 f :i* ! poison is secret$3 ^! gl&s unit+ 9 "o duct1 eject ! v5om\s liquid along ! groove =m$ by ! junction ( ! two pi]c]s4 ,!re are f\r be>ds on ! outside ( ea* pi]c]3 :5 ! insect is prep>$ to /+1 "o ( ^! pi]c]s1 hav+ its po9t a little long] or m 9 advance ?an ! o!r1 fir/ d>ts into ! fle%1 & be+ fix$ by its =emo/ be>d1 ! o!r /rikes 9 also1 & !y alt]nately p5etrate deep] & deep]1 till !y acquire a firm hold ( ! fle% ) _! hooks1 & !n foll[s ! %ea? ent]+ & convey+ ! poison into ! w\nd4 ,! action ( ! /+1 says ,paley1 af=ds an example ( ! union ( *emi/ry & me*anism3 ( *emi/ry1 9 respect to ! v5om :i* c produce su* p[]ful effects3 ( me*anism1 z ! /+ is a comp\nd in/rum5t4 ,! ma*9]y w\ld h be5 comp>atively useless _h x n be5 = ! *emical process1 by :i* 9 ! insect's body honey is conv]t$ into poison2 & on ! o!r h&1 ! poison w\ld h be5 ineffectual1 )\t an in/rum5t to w\nd1 & a syr+e to inject x4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! b>b$ =m ( its /+ ! bee c seldom dis5gage itself )\t leav+ beh9d x ! :ole app>atus1 & ev5 "p ( its b[els2 s t h] life is usually sacrific$ to h] passion4 ,illis ira modum supra e/1 lsque v55um ,morsibus inspirant1 et spicula cca rel9quunt1 ,affix v5is1 animasque 9 vuln]a ponunt4 ,virgil ,! /+ ( ! que5-bee is long] & /\t] ?an t ( ! work+-bee1 & b5ds a little "u h] belly4 ,%e is n eag] to employ x2 & f :at has be5 said above1 ( ! fatality :i* usually att5ds its use1 conjecture has be5 busy z to ! cause ( h] extreme caution 9 ?is respect4 ,dr4 ,evans obs]ves1 t x _c arise f any selfi% consid]ation1 f\nd$ on an in/9ctive k ( ! dang] %e !reby incurs2 s9ce ! common bees1 :o run ! same risk :5 !y /+1 are ready to attack ^u ! slighte/ provocation4 ,is x ow+1 says he1 to a consci\sness ( ! importance ( h] life to ! community8 or may we r ascribe x to ! dignifi$ & g5]\s =be>ance s frequ5tly exemplifi$ 9 ! lion or ,engli% ma/iff8 ,! reluctance ( que5s to eject _! /+s1 l$ ,pl9y & o!rs to imag9e t !y did n possess any4 ,_! extreme caution 9 ?is respect1 & ! fatal consequ5ces usually att5d+ a dep>ture f x1 gave bir? to ! foll[+ jeux d'esprit4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ,pope ,urban ! ,eigh? be+ suspect$ ( a /rong] atta*m5t to ! ,fr5* ?an to ! ,spani>ds1 a ,fr5*man :o _h obs]v$ ?ree bees qu>t]$ ^u 8 arms1 wrote ?is ,lat9 v]se4 ,gallis mella dabunt1 ,hispanis spicula fig5t4 ,to ?is a ,spani>d is said to h subjo9$1 ,spicula si figant1 emori5tur apes4 ,to close ! s]ies1 & to %[ 8 univ]sal pat]nal reg>d t[>ds 8 flock1 ,pope ,urban is made to add ! foll[+ di/i*3 ,cunctis mella dabunt1 et nullis spicula fig5t1 ,spicula rex,m et5im fig]e nescit apum4 ,footnote ,m3 ,! anci5ts suppos$ ! sov]eign ( ! bees to be a male4 ,?is caution ( ! que5s is nev] m conspicu\sly ev9c$ ?an 9 _! combats ) ea* o!r1 = !y in/antly sep>ate if !re be any dang] ( mutual de/ruction f ! d>t+ =? ( _! /+s4 ,hub] gives a /rik+ in/ance ( ?is4 ,two que5s 9 "o ( 8 hives hav+ left _! cells at ne>ly ! same in/ant1 ru%$ toge!r ) great app>5t fury4 ,! ant5n ( ea* 7 seiz$ by ! tee? ( ! o!r1 & ! head1 brea/1 & belly ( bo? 7 mutually oppos$4 ,f9d+ !mselves h[ev] ?us dang]\sly situat$1 & _! curv$ extremities on ! po9t ( meet+1 ea* dis5gag$ itself & flew away2 :5 ! o!r bees1 :o _h be=e rec$$1 to make a cle> ar5a = ! combatants1 drove !m toge!r aga94 ,?is 0 done repeat$ly1 till at la/ ! /rong] que51 seiz+ ! o!r's w+1 & curl+ h] extremities "u h] belly1 inflict$ a mortal /+4 ,i ?9k ?is obs]vation ( ,hub] puts a negative ^u ,dr4 ,evans's la/ "q1 & to ass5t to 8 fir/ w\ld ,i appreh5d raise h] maje/y too high 9 ! scale ( exi/5ce4 ,i believe we mu/ "h1 z 9 _m o!r simil> cases1 ackn[l$ge our ignorance1 & ref] ! proce$+ to in/9ct4 ,we h se5 t :]e !re is m ?an "o native que5 9 a hive1 !re is always a combat betwe5 !m1 t]m9at+ 9 ! dea? ( all b "o4 ,x 0 ! op9ion ( ,s*ira* & ,riem1 t if a /rang] que5 7 introduc$ :]e !re 0 a native "o1 ! =m] w\ld be assail$ by ! work]s1 & by !m /ung to dea?4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,hub] & ,dunb> disc\nt5ance ?is op9ion3 inde$ ,hub] says t 9 ! :ole c\rse ( 8 exp]i5ce he nev] knew m ?an "o in/ance ( a que5's be+ /ung by a work]1 & t 0 :olly un9t5tional4 ,b ?\gh ! exp]im5ts to :i* ,i h j allud$1 produc$ diff]5t results f :at we 7 l$ to expect by ,s*ira* & ,riem1 yet ^? ( ,hub] did n correspond ) ^? ( ,dunb>4 ,! =m] introduc$ two /rang] que5s into hives conta9+ native que5s2 ( ! latt]1 "o 0 f]tile ! o!r a virg91--! =m] 7 bo? f]tile4 ,ea* ( ^! introductions l$ to a s+le combat betwe5 ! que5s1 & ea* t]m9at$ 9 ! dea? ( ! /rang]4 ,! latt] g5tleman also on two occasions introduc$ /rang] que5s to ! que5s regnant1 9 8 mirror-hive2 b 9 nei!r case 7 !y /ung to dea?1 ei!r by ! que5 or work]s1 b m]ely surr\nd$ & conf9$ by ! latt]1 & by t conf9em5t ei!r suffocat$ or />v$ to dea?4 ,s*ira* & ,riem _h probably witness$ simil> conduct on ! "p ( ! work]s1 & 7 no d\bt l$ !reby to conjecture t !y dispat*$ ! que5s ) _! /+s4 ,f :at has be5 said ( ! fatal consequ5ce to ! bee itself :5 x makes use ( its /+ = ! annoyance ( man & o!r animals1 x might be suppos$ t ! d>t+ ( ?is weapon by "o bee into ! body ( ano!r1 might cause ! dea? ( bo?2 b ?is is n usually ! case1 o!rwise !re w\ld be a great mortality among/ !m1 :5 ! p]secution ( ! drones takes place4 ,hub] contriv$1 by plac+ sev]al ( 8 hives ^u a glass table1 to witness ?is sc5e ( massacre2 on :i* occasion ! bees ?ru/ _! /+s s deeply into ! bodies ( ! drones1 7g5]ally betwe5 ! segm5ts ( ! abdom517 z to be oblig$ to turn ^u !mselves1 z ^u a pivot1 be=e !y c\ld extricate !m2 b by s do+ !y succe$$1 z d ! que5s also 9 _! combats ) ea* o!r4 ,in/ances are relat$1 ( combats betwe5 work]s prov+ mutually de/ructive1 f ! victors be+ unable to extricate _! /+s f ! w\nds !y h inflict$4 ,mr4 ,hunt] saw an in/ance ( ?is3 ! bee 0 /ung 9 ! m\?2 & he saw x runn+ ab\t aft]w>ds1 ) ! /+ & its appurt5ances adh]5t 9 ! w\nd4 ,inde$ by all[+ ! bee to draw out h] ,/+ gradually1 :5 we ourselves are /ung1--:i* if we _h suffici5t firmness & pres5ce ( m9d to rema9 /ill1 %e w\ld in/9ctively d1 by br++ ! be>ds close d[n to ! sides ( ! d>ts1--! life ( ?is valuable insect might be pres]v$1 & ! pa9 9 ! w\nd$ "p be mu* less5$3 b ! al>m ( bo? p>ties seldom admits ( su* =be>ance4 ,! wasp is n s liable to leave its /+ beh9d z ! bee1 ! be>ds ( ! =m] be+ r %ort]1 & ! insect /rong] & m active4 ,! soon] ! /+ is extract$ ! less v5om is eject$1 & consequ5tly less inflammation induc$4 ,to alleviate ! irritation1 numb]less rem$ies h be5 propos$1 ( ! mo/ opposite k9d & unc]ta9 effect2 z oil1 v9eg>1 bruis$ p>sley1 burnet1 mall[1 or ! leaves ( any succul5t vegetable 7r5ew$ z soon z w>m1 & probably !re=e op]at+ by cold alone71 honey1 indigo dissolv$ 9 wat]1 c4 c4 ,! mo/ effectual rem$y appe>s to be ! ,aq4 ,ammon4 or ,_s ( ,h>t%orn3 nor is ?is surpris+1 :5 we consid] t ! v5om ( ! bee1 or wasp1 is evid5tly acid4 ,if a humble-bee be irritat$ to /+ pap] t+$ ) litmus1 or any o!r ( ! vegetable blues1 ! col\r is *ang$ by ! acid ( ! v5om to a bright r$2 ?is acid appe>s n to diff] f ! acid 7bombic7 ( silk-worms1 or 7=mic7 ( ants4 ,! acrimony ( ! latt] _m h exp]i5c$ :5 inadv]t5tly sitt+ d[n on an ant-hill4 ,on ?is pr9ciple1 a solution ( any alkali1 or ev5 lime-wat]1 might answ] ! same purpose2 & soap w\ld h ! d\ble advantage ( neutraliz+ ! acid & allay+ ! inflammation1 by ! oil :i* w\ld be dis5gag$4 ,plung+ ! "p /ung into cold or w>m wat] w\ld af=d ! same relief z 9 burns1 c4 & also dilute ! acid acrimony4 ,quietness is ! sure/ protection aga9/ be+ /ung4 ,x has lately be5 affirm$1 t a p]son is p]fectly secure amid/ myriads ( bees1 if he c>efully keep 8 m\? %ut1 & brea! g5tly ?r\gh ! no/rils only1 ! human brea? be+1 z x w\ld appe>1 highly (f5sive to _! delicate organs4 7,vide ,s5ses ( ,bees47 ,x is add$ t ) ?is precaution1 hives may be turn$ up1 & ev5 "p ( ! combs cut out1 :ile ! bees are at "w1 ) p]fect impunity4 ,^? :o wi% to view ! /+ ( a wasp or bee ?r\gh a microscope1 may cut (f ! end ( its tail1 :5 by t\*+ x ) a ne$le or p9 x w ?ru/ out ! d>ts & _! %ea?1 :i* may be !n snipt (f ) a pair ( scissors & res]v$ = obs]vation4 ,if ! insect be caught 9 a lea!r glove & provok$ to eject its /+1 ! same end w be answ]$2 z ! /+ be+ deta9$ by its b>bs1 w be left 9 ! lea!r1 f :5ce1 :5 ! creature is dead 7:i* 9 ! case ( a wasp w n be = _m h\rs71 ! :ole app>atus may1 ) c>e1 be extract$4 ,^u exam9+ ! edge ( a v ke5 razor by ! microscope1 x appe>$ z broad z ! back ( a pretty ?ick knife1 r\gh1 unev51 & full ( not*es & furr[s1 & s f> f any ?+ l %>pness1 t an in/rum5t z blunt z ?is seem$ to be1 w\ld n s]ve ev5 to cleave wood,n4 ,an exce$+ly small ne$le be+ also exam9$1 ! po9t !re( appe>$ above a qu>t] ( an in* 9 bread?2 n r\nd1 nor flat1 b irregul> & unequal2 & ! surface1 ?\gh extremely smoo? & bright to ! nak$ eye1 seem$ full ( rugg$ness1 holes1 & scrat*es4 ,9 %ort x resembl$ an iron b> out ( a smi?'s =ge,o4 ,b ! /+ ( a bee1 view$ ?r\gh ! same in/rum5t1 %[$ e :]e a poli% mo/ amaz+ly beautiful1--)\t ! lea/ flaw1 blemi%1 or inequality2 & end$ 9 a po9t too f9e to be discov]$3 yet ?is is only ! case or %ea? ( in/rum5ts mu* m exquisite1 conta9$ !re91 z be=e describ$4 ,footnote ,n3 ,hook's ,microcosm4 ,footnote ,o3 ,philosophical ,transactions4 ,! ,poison ( ,bees4 ,! poison ( bees1 z also t ( wasps1 is a transp>5t fluid3 appli$ to ! tongue x imp>ts a sweet ta/e1 :i* is succe$$ by a hot acrid "o4 ,x gives a slight r$ t+e1 z has be5 already h9t$1 to litmus pap]1 & h5ce ! ,abb ,fontana has conclud$ t an acid ent]s into its composition1 b 9 v small proportion4 ,! v5om is s extremely active1 t he conjectures a gra9 9 weight w\ld kill a pigeon 9 a few seconds4 ,x is ?is fluid :i* causes ! inflammation consequ5t ^u be+ /ung4 ,a puncture f a ne$le t 0 *>g$ ) x1 w\ld produce precisely ! same effects4 ,^! effects are v diff]5t 9 diff]5t p]sons2 = :il/ a s+le /+ w produce al>m+ symptoms 9 "o individual1 ano!r may receive num]\s punctures )\t su/a9+ pa9 or inflammation 9 any consid]able degree2 sometimes )\t suff]+ ei!r4 ,! activity ( ! v5om v>ies accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>3 a /+ receiv$ 9 w9t] produces mu* less inconv5i5ce ?an "o inflict$ 9 summ]2 ! pa9 & inflammation are nei!r s int5se nor ( su* long cont9uance4 ,?is may arise f !re be+ a m copi\s secretion ( v5om 9 summ] ?an 9 w9t]2 = dur+ ! =m] season1 if a bee inflict sev]al w\nds ) its /+1 ! pa9 & inflammation become progressively less at ea* consecutive puncture3 aft] ?ree or f\r punctures1 x is r5d]$ incapable ( produc+ m inconv5i5ce ?an ! po9t ( a %>p ne$le4 ,if a bee be provok$ to d>t its /+ aga9/ glass1 s z to eject its v5om ^u x1 & ! glass ?us *>g$ be plac$ ^u a d\ble microscope1 oblong po9t$ cry/als w become visible2 ^! may be se5 at fir/ float+ 9 ! v5om1 & gradually %oot+ into cry/als z ! fluid "p evaporates4 ,! ,ang] ( ,bees4 ,i h already treat$ ( ! disposition ( bees to use _! /+s1 :5 irritat$1 ei!r by direct int]f]5ce ) !m1 or by ! approa* ( p]sons to :om !y h an antipa?y4 ,virgil has1 9 /rong t]ms1 notic$ _! irascibility3--:5 once provok$1 says he1 !y set no b\nds to _! ang]1 b ,deem life itself to v5geance well resign'd1 ,die on ! w\nd1 & leave _! /+s beh9d4 ,fatal consequ5ces occurr+ f _! w\nds are n (t5 he>d (1 ?\gh su* ,i believe h occasionally happ5$4 ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce relate an in/ance ( a viol5t fev] be+ produc$1 by ! injury !y inflict$1 & 9 :i* ! p]son's recov]y 0 = "s "t d\btful4 ,mungo ,p>k also m5tions1 9 8 ,travels1 an in/ance ( sev]e annoyance f !m1 & /ates t he lo/ sev]al asses 9 ,africa ow+ to _! be+ attack$ by bees4 ,mr4 ,talbot1 9 8 ,five ,ye>s ,resid5ce 9 ! ,canadas1 /ates1 t dur+ ! summ] ( #ahbj1 ! ,rev4 ,ralph ,leem+ hav+ s5t a f9e horse to grass at a neighb\r+ f>m]'s1 :o kept ab\t tw5ty /ocks ( bees1 ! animal got ^u ! lawn :]e ! hives 7 plac$1 & by accid5t ov]turn$ "o ( !m1 ! bees ( :i* attack$ him ) great virul5ce4 ,! horse1 re>+ & kick+ f agony1 ov]?rew ano!r hive4 ,hav+ ?us d\bl$ ! numb] ( 8 assailants1 8 suff]+s br\ght him to ! gr\nd1 & 9 less ?an five m9utes f ! comm5cem5t ( ! attack ! poor animal 0 lit]ally /ung to dea?4 ,! ang] ( bees is n conf9$ to man1 & o!r l>ge animals2 x is sometimes v5t$ ^u _! own k9d1 n only 9 s+le combat1 b 9 conflicts ( organiz$ masses4 ,cases ( ! =m] k9d e obs]v] mu/ h notic$2 & ( ! latt]1 sev]al in/ances h be5 relat$ by ,reaumur1 ,?orley1 ,knight1 & o!rs4 ,! engagem5t1 witness$ by ,?orley1 la/$ m ?an two days1 & orig9at$ 9 a sw>m's attempt+ to take possession ( an already occupi$ hive4 ,rem>kable battles ( ?is k9d h also be5 relat$ by o!r writ]s4 ,:5ev] ! angry excitation is diffus$ ?r\gh a :ole community1 a great accession ( heat is produc$ 9 ! hive4 ,not)/&+ bees are ?us occasionally animat$ by a mo/ v9dictive _s1 aga9/ :at !y reg>d z a public enemy1 !y are n f\nd to display any peculi> ho/ility 9 ! rev5ge ( a private injury1 committ$ ^u !m at a di/ance f _! homes4 ,?is is a fact :i* has be5 notic$ bo? by ,mr4 ,hunt] & ,mr4 ,knight4 ,! =m] obs]ves also1 t bees nev] /+ b 9 ! neighb\rhood ( _! prop]ty1 unless hurt2 t !y nev] cont5d ) ea* o!r = honey1 unless x be plac$ )9 ! b\nd>y ( _! own "r1--b t :at !y h collect$ !y def5d4 ,! indisposition ( bees to attack or be angry at a di/ance has be5 confirm$ by ,mr4 ,knight1 :o says1 t1 ?\gh ! mo/ irritable ( animals ne> home1 he has se5 !m suff] !mselves to be pati5tly robb$ ( _! loads by o!r bees1 & t he has witness$ ?is 9 ! same bee ?ree times 9 succession4 ,he says likewise1 t if ! wasps 9 a ne/ h _! communication cut (f f ^? t are abroad1 ! latt]1 on _! return1 w n make any attack2 b t if "o escape f ! int]ior1 x ev9ces a v diff]5t temp]1 & is ready to sacrifice its life to av5ge ! injury4 ,?is ,mr4 ,knight discov]$ :5 a boy1 & he has no d\bt b t if a simil> proce$+ 7 adopt$ t[>ds bees1 !y w\ld obs]ve ! same conduct4 ,! ,language ( ,bees4 ,all creatures t live 9 society seem to possess ! p[] ( communicat+ intellig5ce to "o ano!r4 ,brutes1 says ,mr4 ,knight1 h language to express s5tim5ts ( love1 ( fe>1 & ( ang]2 yet !y seem unable to transmit any impression !y h receiv$ f ext]nal objects4 ,b ! language ( bees is m ext5sive3 if n a language ( ideas1 x is some?+ v simil>4 ,?is faculty has be5 v rem>kably illu/rat$ by ,hub] 9 8 ,treatise on ,ants2 & ! bee exhibits _m /rong evid5ces ( x4 ,hub] cle>ly %[s t ! communications ( ,ants are made ?r\gh ! m$ium ( _! ant5n2 he has also prov$ v satisfactorily1 t ^! organs s]ve ! same purpose 9 bees4 ,be+ desir\s ( asc]ta9+ :e!r :5 a que5 0 remov$ f a hive1 7a circum/ance :i* is communicat$ to ! :ole family )9 an h\r17 !y discov]$ _! loss by means ( smell1 t\*1 or any unkn[n s5se2 he accord+ly divid$ a hive into two portions1 by means ( a grat+ :i* admitt$ a free circulation ( air1 b d5i$ a passage to ! bees1 or ev5 to _! ant5n3 ! consequ5ce 01 t ! bees conta9$ 9 ! half t _h no que51 aft] !y _h recov]$ f ! agitation,p always produc$ "u su* circum/ances1 set ab\t build+ royal cells1 j z !y w\ld h done if ! que5 _h be5 entirely remov$ f ! hive4 ,he repeat$ ?is exp]im5t1 ) a grat+ :i* all[$ ! transmission ( ! ant5n only4 ,"h ! effect 0 q diff]5t3 = ! bees be+ able to assure !mselves1 by ! frequ5t cross+ ( _! ant5n ) ^? ( ! que51 t %e 0 /ill among/ !m1 e ?+ rema9$ 9 ord]2 ! brood 7 att5d$ to1 no int]ruption took place 9 any ( _! lab\rs1 nor 7 any royal cells comm5c$4 ,f all ^! exp]im5ts 7& !y 7 repeat$ly tri$71 x seems evid5t t ! ant5n ( bees1 z well z ( ants1 possess ! faculty ( receiv+ & convey+ in=mation4 ,bees receive "s k9ds ( intellig5ce ?r\gh ! m$ium ( c]ta9 s\nds1 z has be5 /at$ 9 ano!r place4 ,footnote ,p3 ,?is agitation usually cont9ues two or ?ree h\rs1 sometimes 7?\gh b seldom7 f\r or five1--nev] long]4 ,! ant5n1 9 addition to ! uses already ascrib$ to !m1 may s]ve to in=m ! bees ( ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 & enable !m to disc]n ! approa* ( a *ange 9 ! wea!r4 ,! sudd5ness & rapidity ( _! flight t[>ds ! api>y1 (t5 af=d a h9t to ! obs]v] ( _! proce$+s1 t a /orm is at h&1 ( :i* he receiv$ no intimation f any o!r qu>t]4 ,inque vicem speculantur aquas et nubila cli4 ,virgil ,t ! bees1 says ,dr4 ,evans1 c =esee bad wea!r1 is a fact beyond d5ial2 ?\gh we "k n ?r\gh ! m$ium ( :at s5se t faculty is ex]t$4 ,we are (t5 surpris$ to f9d1 ev5 ) a promis+ appe>ance ( ! sky1 _! lab\rs sudd5ly cease1 & t n a bee /irs out2 or1 on ! contr>y1 t ^? :i* a e abroad1 hurry home 9 su* cr[ds t ! door is too small = _! admission4 ,b on /rictly exam9+ ! heav5s1 we may disc]n "s small & di/ant cl\ds1 :i*1 ins5sibly collect+1 soon aft] desc5d 9 ra94 ,! ,doctor likewise says1 t an obs]vant fri5d ( 81 =etells ) confid5ce t ra9 w fall 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs1 :5 he f9ds on a cle> summ]'s morn+ t 8 g>d5 is :olly des]t$ by 8 neighb\r's bees4 ,9 ?is he enjoys an advantage ov] _! real own]1 ! fl[]s ne> ! api>y be+ cr[d$ z usual by ^! w>y =ag]s4 ,if1 says ,mr4 ,kirby1 !y w&] f> f home1 & d n return till late 9 ! ev5+1 x is a progno/ic to be dep5d$ ^u1 t ! foll[+ day w be f9e3 b if !y rema9 ne> _! habitations1 & be se5 frequ5tly go+ & return+1--al?\gh no indication ( wet %\ld be discov]able1 cl\ds w soon arise & ra9 come on4 ,ants also are obs]v$ to be excell5tly gift$ 9 ?is respect3 ?\gh !y daily br+ out _! l>v to ! sun1 !y are nev] ov]tak5 by sudd5 %[]s4 ,i h be=e /at$ t 9 ! c\rse ( an h\r ! important intellig5ce ( ! loss or safety ( a que5 is kn[n to a :ole colony4 ,x seems highly improbable t 9 ?is "t1 #bj1jjj bees %\ld h assur$ !mselves ( ! pres5ce & safety ( _! que51 by apply+ _! ant5n to h]s2 su* an attempt w\ld create a /ate ( complete confusion4 ,hub] prov$ by a v decisive exp]im5t1 simil> to ^? already relat$1 t ! que5 is n di/+ui%able by h] subjects1 9 consequ5ce ( any emanation f h] p]son4 ,!re mu/ !n be "s mode1 to :i* ,i h giv5 ! "n ( language1 by :i* ^? :o h ex*ang$ contact ) _! ant5n c communicate ! tranquilliz+ intellig5ce to _! companions4 ,x seems impossible to expla91 9 any o!r way1 ! concurr5ce ( s _m wills to "o end2 or t sudd5 int]ruption & re/itution ( h>mony :i* are (t5 exhibit$ 9 e community ( bees4 ,x is ! op9ion ( ,mr4 ,knight t bees are n only capable ( communicat+ intellig5ce to ! memb]s ( _! own family1 b t a fri5dly int]c\rse sometimes takes place betwe5 neighb\r+ colonies3 ! cases :i* he has relat$ 9 support ( ?is op9ion1 h[ev]1 c h>dly be said to be> him out 9 x2 = 9 ea* ( !m1 aft] ! int]c\rse _h cont9u$ = a few days1 x t]m9at$ 9 viol5t ho/ility4 ,su* in/ances1 ?\gh n ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 h be5 occasionally notic$ by o!rs4 ,sleep ( ,bees4 ,x is reasonable to suppose t e "p ( animat$ nature ne$s occasional int]vals ( repose4 ,t ?is is ! case ) ! bee seems evid5t1 f ! almo/ motionless quietude ( ! work]s1 :i* (t5 occurs = fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes toge!r1 ea* bee ins]t+ its head & ?orax into a cell1 :]e x might be mi/ak5 = dead1 7 x n = ! dilatation ( ! segm5ts ( its abdom54 ,! que5 sometimes does ! same 9 a drone's cell1 :]e %e cont9ues )\t motion a v long "t1 :5 ! work]s =m a circle r\nd h]1 & g5tly bru% ! uncov]$ p>ts ( h] abdom54 ,! drones :ile repos+ d n ent] ! cells1 b clu/] 9 ! combs1 & sometimes rema9 )\t /irr+ a limb = eighte5 or tw5ty h\rs4 ,hub] says t he has se5 ! work]s1 ev5 9 ! middle ( ! day1 :5 app>5tly we>i$ ) ex]tion1 ins]t half _! bodies into ! empty cells1 & rema9 !re1 z if tak+ a nap1 = half an h\r or long]2 at night !y regul>ly mu/]1 9 a sleep-l sil5ce4 ,! sun decl9+1 ?r\gh ! murky air4 ,home to _! hives ! vagrant b&s repair1 ,!re 9 s(t slumb] close _! will+ eyes1 ,& hu%'d 9 sil5ce1 ! :ole nation lies4 ,murphy's ,vani]e4 ,longevity ( ,bees4 ,! sev]al memb]s ( a hive h v diff]5t p]iods ( exi/5ce4 ,! g5]al law among insects is1 t bo? male & female %all p]i% soon aft] sexual union2 9 a few days or weeks at fur!/1 accord+ to ! "t1 probably1 t ! female occupies 9 matur+ & deposit+ h] eggs4 ,by ret>d+ sexual union1 ! lives ( "s insects may be v mu* prolong$1--ev5 ephem] h be5 kept alive by ?is means = sev5 or eight days4 ,annual plants1 if prev5t$ f se$+1 may be r5d]$ bi5nial4 ,! bee & "s o!r insects are exempt$ f ?is =feiture ( life aft] sexual union1 ) ! exception already allud$ to 9 page #cc4 ,! anci5ts 7 v defici5t 9 k ^u ?is subject4 ,virgil fixes ! t]m ( a bee's exi/5ce at sev5 ye>s,q1 hav+ probably copi$ f ,ari/otle2 ?\gh ,ari/otle says t bees :o live to an extreme old age may rea* to n9e or t5 ye>s4 ,columella,r & ,pl9y,s h be5 suppos$ to reg>d _! exi/5ce z ext5d+ to t5 ye>s2 ?\gh ! language ( ! =m] applies to ! exi/5ce ( ! community1 & n to individual bees3 & provid$ ! hive be nev] *ang$1 nor ! combs r5ew$1 x is n likely t any "o family %\ld h its exi/5ce prolong$ beyond t p]iod2 z ! accumulation ( silk5 pellicles ) :i* ! bre$+-cells are successively l9$1 w\ld r5d] !m unfit = use 9 a v few ye>s4 ,9 addition to ! dim9ution ( ! cells by ?is succession ( silk5 l9+s1 !y are also dim9i%$ fur!r by ! excrem5t ( ! l>v1 :i* is nev] clean$ out1 b conf9$ beh9d ea* l9+3 bo? toge!r1 !re=e1 soon r5d] ! cells unfit = use z brood-cells4 ,mr4 ,hunt] f\nd ?ree ( ^! lay]s deposit$ 9 a s+le season1 & c\nt$ upw>ds ( tw5ty 9 ! cells ( an old comb2 :i*1 ^u an av]age ( ?ree a ye>1 w\ld correspond ) ! p]iod fix$ by ! anci5ts2 ?\gh ?is obs]vation by no means proves t ! hive ^u :i* x 0 made1 or any o!r1 might n h _h a mu* m protract$ exi/5ce4 ,mr4 ,esp9asse tells u t he once took a hive :i* _h /ood f\rte5 ye>s1 hav+ f\nd t x _h become weak3 x _h nev]!less s5t (f a sw>m ! ye> previ\s4 ,!re is an in/ance or two on record1 ( "o family hav+ cont9u$ 9 ! same hive = ?irty ye>s4 ,"o ( ^! is m5tion$ by ,reaumur1 ano!r by ,m\ffet4 ,?orley speaks ( a colony hav+ occupi$ ! same domicile = #aaj ye>s4 ,! spot *os5 0 "u ! leads ( ! /udy ( ,ludovicus ,vives 9 ,ox=d3 ! orig9al sw>m settl$ !re 9 #aebj & kept possession till #afcj4 ,qu]y1--may n ! bees :5 ! combs become v old & ! cells mu* dim9i%$ 9 size1 remove !m & con/ruct fre% ones8 ,to ^? :o may wi% = _! own satisfaction to exam9e ! l9+s ( a brood cell1 ,i w\ld obs]ve1 t ,mr4 ,hunt]'s mode ( proce$+ 01 to soak ! cell 9 wat]1 till ! l9+s 7 swell$1 :5 he _h no difficulty 9 sep>at+ & c\nt+ !m3 he f\nd !m sep>ate mo/ readily at ! bottom1 on acc\nt ( ! inclos$ excrem5t4 ,footnote ,q3 ,ergo ipsas quamvis angu/i t]m9us vi ,excipiat1 neque enim plus septima ducitur /as4 ,footnote ,r3 ,durantque1 si dilig5t] excult s9t1 9 annos decem4 ,columella ,footnote ,s3 ,alveos nunquam ,ultra decem annos durasse proditur4 ,pl9y ,to common obs]v]s x might appe>1 t ! lives ( ! bees 7 coeval ) ! f\ndation ( ! colony1 presum+ ^u all ! "y bees leav+ ! p>5t /ock 9 sw>ms4 ,b ,i h already /at$ t all sw>ms consi/ ( a mixture ( "y & old bees2 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m is v di/+ui%able1 ^? ( ! pres5t ye> be+ br[n1 plump1 & clo!d ) light hairs1 :il/ ! old ones h r$ hairs1 not*$ & ragg$ w+s1 & are pal] & m %runk 9 _! bodies4 ,! cases :i* ,i h relat$1 & o!rs ( a simil> k9d1 h l$ to ! errone\s op9ion t bees are a long-liv$ race4 ,b ?is1 z ,dr4 ,evans has obs]v$1 is j z wise z if a /rang]1 contemplat+ a popul\s city1 & p]sonally unacqua9t$ ) its inhabitants1 %\ld on pay+ x a second visit1 _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 & f9d+ x equally popul\s1 imag9e t x 0 peopl$ by ! same individuals1 n "o ( :om might be !n alive4 ,su* /rang]s are we to ! honi$ hive1 :]e1 h[ev] quickly its g5]ations may h pass$ away1 ! same face is pres5t$ to ! behold]4 ,! race & realm f age to age rema91 ,& "t b l5g!ns ) new l9ks ! *a94 ,so!by's ,georgics4 ,! usual t]m ( ! male's exi/5ce is two or ?ree mon?s only2--,i say ! usual t]m1 = 8 life is always cut (f by viol5ce1 :5 no peculi> circum/ances arise to r5d] 8 exi/5ce any long] useful4 ,su* circum/ances hav+ aris51 z has be5 be=e obs]v$1 7page #dd17 he may be kept alive a mu* long] p]iod1 = a ye> at lea/1 b h[ mu* long] has n z yet be5 asc]ta9$4 ,) respect to ! que51 by comp>+ :at has be5 said above1 z to insects n dy+ till _! eggs are all matur$1 ) :at has be5 /at$ 9 page #ca ( a s+le sexual union s]v+ to impregnate all ! eggs laid = ! two succe$+ ye>s1 x w\ld appe> t ! p]iod ( h] exi/5ce c\ld n1 9 g5]al1 be less ?an two ye>s2 & ,hub] has prov$ v satisfactorily1 t ?is is ! fact3 inde$ he /ates t he has kn[n a que5 live = five ye>s4 ,feburi] suspects t1 l ! males1 ! que5s are de/roy$ by ! lab\r]s1 :5 !y h fulfill$ _! de/9ation4 ,! only gr\nd ( ?is op9ion1 h[ev]1 appe>s to be 8 hav+ witness$ an attack made ^u a que5 by six lab\r]s1 f :om he ) difficulty rescu$ h]4 ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 9 l mann]1 seem to ?9k x n improbable t :5 ! work]s become too old to be useful to ! community1 !y are ei!r kill$ or expell$ ! society4 ,vide page #g4 ,reaumur also ?r[s out a h9t to ! same purpose4 ,! l5g? ( a work+ bee's life has n yet be5 asc]ta9$2 b ! g5]al op9ion is t x is %ort-liv$4 ,butl] says t ! bee is b little m ?an a ye>'s bird2 & "s ?9k ! p]iod ( its exi/5ce %ort] /ill4 ,! bees ( ! pres5t ye>1 says ,butl]1 w reta9 _! vig\r & y\?ful appe>ance till 7,gem9i71 ab\t ! #ba/ ( ,may 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 :5 !y beg9 to decl9e1 & f 7,canc] to ,leo7 ,june #ba/ to ,augu/ #ba/1 ! gr\nd 9 front ( ! api>y may be se5 /rew$ ) !m1 "s dead1 "s dy+1 & a few alive b incapable ( ris+ aga91 & by 7,libra7 #cb;d ,septemb]1 sc>cely an old bee w be left4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,s5ses ,,( ,,bees4 ,9 consid]+ ! phnom5a ( insect s5sation1 little advantage c be d]iv$ f analogy2 ! physiology ( ! s5ses ( bees1 & o!r insects1 is !re=e b imp]fectly und]/ood4 ,/ill !y mu/ h cr$it = ! possession ( s5ses1 h[ev] diff]5tly modifi$ f ^? ( man4 ,"s ( _! s5ses may op5 av5ues to k1 ) :i* he mu/ ev] rema9 unacqua9t$4 ,arts :i* he is oblig$ to atta9 by long lab\r & great dilig5ce1 !y seem to d]ive f nature1 ?r\gh ! m$ium no d\bt ( organs s exquisitely f9e1 z to elude n only 8 se>*1 b ev5 8 conception4 ,( all ! s5ses ( bees1 none appe>s to be s acute1 z t ( ,smell4 ,x is ?is :i*1 9 all probability1 enables !m to di/+ui%1 n only individuals ( _! own species1 b "o human be+ f ano!r2 & also to discov] honey-dews & honey-be>+ fl[]s1 at a v consid]able di/ance2 7honey ( all odor\s sub/ances1 be+ ! mo/ attractive to !m37 x may t5d likewise to cause t neatness :i* !y obs]ve 9 !mselves & 9 _! habitations4 ,an exp]im5t1 made by ,hub]1 demon/rates t !y possess ! faculty ( smell4 ,he plac$ vessels ( honey 9 boxes p]=at$ ) v small holes1 to all[ ! odor\s effluvia to escape1 b n ( suffici5t size to p]mit a sight ( ! honey1 :5 ! bees came directly to ! boxes4 ,he also tri$ ?is exp]im5t ) ! addition ( small c>d valves1 :i* ! bees1 aft] exam9+ ! boxes all r\nd1 contriv$ to raise up1 t !y might get at ! honey4 ,mr4 ,hunt] /ates1 t he has se5 great commotion produc$ 9 a rec5t sw>m 9 wet wea!r1 :5 he supposes ! bees to h be5 hungry1 by plac+ honey on ! floor ( ! hive4 ,x 0 a glass-hive1 :i* af=d$ him a good opportunity ( obs]v+ _! proce$+s1 & he says t all ( !m appe>$ to be ^u ! sc5t3 ev5 ^? t 7 weak & h>dly able to crawl1 ?rew out ! proboscis z f> z possible1 to get at ! honey1 :i* he ?9ks mu/ h aris5 f _! smell+ & n f _! see+ x4 ,?is presum$ nicety ( _! smell %\ld induce a c>efulness t no (f5sive od\rs be ne> an api>y4 ,! notori\s frequ5t+1 by bees1 ( ! depositories ( ur9e & ! dung ( animals1 might seem to r5d] su* c>efulness futile3 b ^u ?is subject ,i h writt5 9 a =m] *apt]1 & h s9ce _h ! pleasure ( see+ my op9ion confirm$ by t ( ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce4--,bees appe> to h an antipa?y to p>ticul> individuals4 ,_! av]sion1 9 all probability1 arises f ! p]sons dislik$ hav+ "s peculi> od\r ab\t !m1 :i* ?\gh n unpleasant to man1 may be s to bees4 ,:atev] ! od\r1 x seems to be transmitt$ by ! brea?3 ,hub] 0 ( ?is op9ion4 ,speak+ ( ! impunity ) :i* 8 assi/ant ,francis ,burn5s p]=m$ 8 v>i\s op]ations ^u bees1 he obs]ves t ! g5tl5ess ( 8 motions1 & ! habit ( repress+ 8 respiration1 c\ld alone pres]ve him f ! wra? ( su* =midable insects4 ,! diff]5t reception :i* p]sons exp]i5ce on approa*+ ! domicile ( bees is attribut$ by "s api>ians to ! diff]5t degrees ( confid5ce manife/$ 9 ! approa*3 !y are ( op9ion1 t if visitors c\ld avoid ! exhibition ( all appreh5sion1 !y w\ld n be attack$4 ,my own exp]i5ce has long conv9c$ me ( ! errone\sness ( ?is op9ion3 & a circum/ance :i* occurr$ to ,monsieur de ,h(]1 ,conseilleur d'etat du ,gr& ,duc de ,bad51 /r5g!ns my diss5t f x4 ,he _h = ye>s be5 a proprietor & an admir] ( bees1 & almo/ rivall$ ,wildman 9 ! p[] he possess$ ( approa*+ !m ) impunity3 he w\ld at any "t se>* = ! que51 & tak+ hold ( h] g5tly1 place h] ^u 8 h&4 ,b hav+ be5 un=tunately attack$ ) a viol5t fev]1 & long conf9$ by x2 on 8 recov]y he attempt$ to resume 8 fav\rite amusem5t among ! bees1 return+ to !m ) all t confid5ce & pleasure :i* he _h felt on =m] occasions2 :5 to 8 great surprise & disappo9tm5t he discov]$ t he 0 no long] 9 possession ( _! fav\r2 & t in/ead ( be+ receiv$ by !m z an old fri5d1 he 0 treat$ z a trespass]3 nor 0 he ev] able1 aft] ?is p]iod1 to p]=m any op]ation ^u !m1 or to approa* )9 _! prec9cts1 )\t excit+ _! ang]4 ,"h !n x is pretty evid5t t "s *ange _h tak5 place 9 ! ,c\nsellor's secretions1 9 consequ5ce ( ! fev]1 :i* ?\gh n noticeable by 8 fri5ds1 0 (f5sive to ! olfactory n]ves ( ! bees4 ,i _h ?is anecdote f ,monsieur de ,h(]'s son1 ) :om ,i pass$ a v agreeable ev5+ 9 ,london at ! h\se ( my fri5d ,joseph ,hodgetts1 ,esq4 ,! extreme s5sitiv5ess ( smell 9 bees is ev9c$ by _! promptitude 9 res5t+ an injury inflict$ on any ( _! community4 ,9 hiv+1 or p]=m+ any o!r op]ation ^u !m1 great caution %\ld !re=e be obs]v$1 le/ any ( !m be trodd5 ^u or cru%$ to dea?4 ,x may be ?\ght t ?is promptitude to res5t ! injury ,i h "h m5tion$1 may n proce$ f ! acut5ess ( _! smell1 b f an effect produc$ ^u "s o!r organ ( s5se4 ,i inf] t x proce$s f ! =m]1 on acc\nt ( _! be+ s quickly r\s$ to ang] f a /ate ( tranquillity1 by hav+ a fre% env5om$ /+ & its app5dages pres5t$ be=e ! entrance ( _! dwell+4 ,?is exp]im5t1 ( pres5t+ fre% poison to ! bees1 0 tri$ by ,hub] 9 su* a v>iety ( ways1 z to prove beyond all d\bt t x 0 ! p5etrat+ od\r ( ! poison only1 & n ! mann] ( pres5t+ x1 t affect$ !m2 = :5 ! poison _h coagulat$1 ! same mode ( pres5tation produc$ no s5sible effect1 x might be (f]$ !m ) p]fect impunity4 ,butt]flies & ,mo?s are suppos$ to be direct$ by ?is s5se to ! discov]y ( _! mates4 ,if ! female ( ! egg> mo? 7,phalna qu]cus7 be inclos$ 9 a box1 & plac$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! males1 !y are attract$ to ! spot 9 su* numb]s z to %[ cle>ly t !y are s5sible ( h] pres5ce4 ,we h analog\s in/ances ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is faculty 9 o!r insects4 ,! fle%-fly 7,musca vomitoria7 occasionally deposits its eggs on plants ( ! ,/apelia g5us1 no d\bt f _! od\r resembl+ t ( putrefy+ fle%4 ,?is may be reg>d$ by "s z an evid5ce ( mi/ak5 in/9ct2 b f :at ,i h said 9 ! *apt] on ,in/9ct1 ,i ?9k t my read]s w consid] ?is to be errone\s1 & t x %\ld r be reg>d$ z af=d+ presumptive evid5ce ( mi/ak5 judgem5t4 ,in/9ct w\ld direct ! creature to deposit its eggs :]e ! l>v :5 hat*$ w\ld be furni%$ ) ! means ( subsi/5ce1 in/ead ( ?us expos+ !m to p]i%4 ,at all ev5ts x af=ds tol]ably good evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( an organ ( smell 9 ! insect4 ,! s5se ( ,t\* 9 bees1 t is _! active or explor+ t\*1 seems to be v acute4 ,to ! nicety ( ?is s5se has be5 attribut$ _! p[] ( comm5c+ & c>ry+ on _! works amid ! d>kness ( ! hives4 ,! recognition ( _! que5 ev9ces ! exi/5ce ( "s su* s5se2 = ! exp]im5ts relat$ at page #bib1 indicate t h] pres5ce is n asc]ta9$ ei!r by ! organs ( sight1 he>+1 or smell4 ,! ,ant5n h g5]ally be5 consid]$ z _! organs ( t\*2 & inde$1 9 popul> language1 !y are usually call$ ,feel]s or horns2 !y h likewise assign$ to !m ! (fice ( wip+ & clean+ ! eyes4 ,! ant5n1 h[ev]1 are n reg>d$ z feel]s by our lead+ entomologi/s3 at pres5t _! uses are n cle>ly def9$4 ,"s h reg>d$ !m z organs ( smell2 o!rs z organs ( he>+2 a ?ird p>ty h conceiv$ t !y p]=m "s function ( :i* man has no def9ite idea1--supply+ ! insect ) a six? s5se1 an int]m$iate faculty1 accord+ to ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 betwe5 he>+ & t\*1 r5d]+ x s5sible ( ! slighte/ movem5t ( ! circumambi5t air4 ,dr4 ,evans designates ! ant5n z _! sight-supply+ s5se2 ,! same ke5 horns1 )9 ! d>k abode4 ,trace1 = ! sightless ?rong1 a ready road1 ,:ile all ! mazy ?reads ( t\* convey1 ,%ot inw>d to ! m9d1 a semblant day4 ,evans4 ,! ant5n1 ( :i* !re are only a s+le pair1 proce$ f ! ant]ior "p ( ! head be=e ! eyes4 ,! ,palpi are g5]ally consid]$ z ! true feel]s2 :i*1 z well f _! texture z f ! mann] 9 :i* insects apply !m to _! food be=e !y beg9 to eat x1 seems probable3 ,cuvi] & ,lehmann 7 ( ?is op9ion4 ,! palpi are atta*$ to ! "u jaws & lips1 & are f\r 9 numb]4 ,9 "s respects !y be> analogy to ! ant5n2 b ! latt]1 be+ m articulat$1 h an ext5d$ p[] ( motion4 ,"s insects ) small ant5n are obs]v$ to h v l>ge palpi1 :i* gives reason to suppose1 t al?\gh _! (fices may be diff]5t1 !y are int5d$ to assi/ ea* o!r4 ,! ant5n appe> to be ! m important organs ( ! two2 z ! palpi1 :5 remov$1 h n be5 f\nd to occasion mu* app>5t inconv5i5ce2 :il/ f ! exp]im5ts ( ,hub] & o!rs1 x appe>s t ! excision ( ! ant5na deprives ! insect ( ! p]fect ex]cise ( its functions4 ,x seems imm$iately to lose its in/9cts4 ,! amputation ( "o ant5na produces no effect2 b if bo? be cut (f ne> ! root1 ! bee no long] possesses ! p[] ( guid+ itself2 x _c direct its tongue to receive food f its companions1 nor take any %>e 9 ! op]ations ( ! family2 b exhibits p]fect indiff]5ce1 & keeps ne> ! entrance1 app>5tly = ! sake ( light2 :5 t is )drawn1 x soon leaves ! hive to return no m4 ,_! dep>ture1 says ,hub]1 mu/ be ascrib$ to ! loss ( t s5se1 :i* is employ$ to guide !m 9 ! d>k4 ,t bees possess a f9e s5se ( ,ta/e1 may be readily conceiv$ f ! delici\s food :i* !y collect1 & f _! hav+ a pref]5ce = ^? fl[]s t af=d ! be/ honey1 :5ev] su* fl[]s gr[ abundantly 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! hives4 ,h5ce ! sup]iority ( ! honey ( ,n>bonne1 ,hymettus1 & ,pontus4 ,hub] reg>ds ,ta/e z ! lea/ p]fect ( ! s5ses ( bees1 b ! reasons he gives = ?is op9ion are unsatisfactory4 ,inde$ ! tongue ( ! bee is an organ s consid]ably develop$1 z to af=d v /rong evid5ce ( its p[] ( discrim9ation 9 ! selection ( food4 ,cuvi] consid]s x to be "o ( ! prim>y functions ( its organization4 ,!re is tol]ably good presumptive evid5ce t bees h a quick s5se ( ,he>+1 f _! be+ s s5sibly affect$ by diff]5t s\nds4 ,! voice ( ! que51 = in/ance1 has accord+ to ,bonn] & ,hub] an almo/ magical effect ^u !m2 & ! practice ( mak+ "s sort ( noise at ! "t ( hiv+ is f\nd$ ^u ?is op9ion4 ,hub] is ( op9ion t if bees d possess ! s5se ( he>+ x is diff]5tly modifi$ f ! same s5se among be+s ( a high] ord]4 ,! consequ5ces :i* ensue ^u ! production ( c]ta9 s\nds ei!r by !mselves or o!rs1 %[ t ! vibrations ( ! air make an impression ^u "s s5se3 ,hub]1 = reasons :i* he does n well def9e1 designates x z a s5se analog\s to he>+1 a some?+ act+ 9 conc]t ) & 9 aid ( ! ant5n4 ,l9nu & ,bonnet ?\ght t insects d n possess ! s5se ( he>+2 b ,i ?9k !y 7 mi/ak54 ,i h j /at$ ! effect produc$ by ! voice ( a que5-bee1 "u p>ticul> circum/ances2 & !re are o!r evid5ces1 equally /rong1 to %[ t insects possess ?is faculty4 ,"o gras%opp] w *irp 9 response to ano!r1 & ! female be attract$ by ! voice ( ! male4 ,brunelli %ut up a male 9 a box1 & all[$ ! female h] lib]ty3 z soon z ! male *irp$ %e flew to him imm$iately4 ,= fur!r evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is faculty 9 insects1 see page #bfb4 7,organs ( ,s5sation47 ,! ,eye-,sight ( bees1 not)/&+ ! wond]ful me*anism ( _! eyes1 seems less p]fect ?an _! o!r s5ses3 on "s occasions x sc>cely s]ves !m to di/+ui% ! entrance ( _! hives1 :5 !y come home load$ ) provision4 ,wildman says t he has obs]v$ !m g up & d[n1 seek+ ! door ( ! hive1 & be oblig$ aft] alight+ to rise aga9 9 ord] to f9d x3 he conceiv$ t !y see bett] :5 fly+ ?an :5 on foot4 ,i believe1 h[ev]1 t ?is op9ion ( ,wildman w n1 ^u exam9ation1 be f\nd q correct4 ,! m]e act ( fly+ does n enable !m to see objects bett]2 b :5 on ! w+1 !y are at a great] di/ance f ^? objects1 ! eyes ( ^! insects be+ s con/ruct$ z to enable !m to see be/ at a mod]ate di/ance4 ,z ,dr4 ,evans has ju/ly rem>k$1 !re=e1 ! poet's disda9ful allusion to a ,fly ^: feeble ray sc>ce spreads ,an in* ar\nd---- %\ld "h be exactly rev]s$4 ,dr4 ,d]ham 9 8 ,physico-!ology has obs]v$1 :5 speak+ ( ! eye ( ! bee & o!r insects1 t ! cornea & optic n]ves1 be+ always at "o & ! same di/ance1 are fitt$ only to see di/antial objects1 b n su* z are v nigh4 ,?is visual orb1 ?is seem+ly simple speck1 ?\gh really complicat$ piece ( me*anism1 says ,d]ham1 w be f\nd ^u exam9ation to =m a curi\s lattice-"w ( sev]al ?\s& hexagonal l5ses1 ea* hav+ a sep>ate optic n]ve m9i/]+ to x1 & !re=e to be consid]$ z a di/9ct eye,t4 ,m4 ,leew5hoeck1 hav+ prop]ly prep>$ & plac$ an eye ( ?is k9d betwixt 8 microscope & a *ur* /eeple 7#bii feet high & #gej di/ant71 saw pla9ly ! /eeple inv]t$1 ?r\gh e diff]5t l5s1 ?\gh ea* l5s 0 n l>g] ?an a ne$le's po9t4 ,yet1 d\btless ! insect p]ceives b a s+le object1 & t 9 an upright position4 ,! hemisph]ic arrangem5t ( ^! l5ses enables ! bee to see accurately 9 e direction1 & )\t any int]val ( "t or tr\ble4 ,footnote ,t3 ,! multitude ( hexagonal l5ses :i* compose ! eye ( a bee1 make x appe>1 :5 view$ ?r\gh a microscope1 exactly l honey-comb4 ,n huge ,behemo?1 n ! ,:ale's va/ =m4 ,t sp\ts a torr5t1 & t brea!s a /orm4 ,transc5ds 9 organs apt ?is puny fly1 ,h] f9e-/rung feel]s1 & h] glanceful eye1 ,set ) t5 ?\s& l5ses4 ,evans4 ,! eyes ( all insects are immoveable1 & h nei!r iris nor pupil nor eyelids to cov] !m3 b ?is app>5t defect is amply made up to !m 9 a v>iety ( ways3 9 ! case be=e u1 by ! complex /ructure ( ! organs4 ,reaumur p]=m$ an exp]im5t simil> to t :i* ,i h j relat$ ( ,leew5hoeck1 & ) a l result1 ,hooke comput$ ! l5ses 9 ! eye ( a horse-fly to am\nt to ne>ly #gjjj4 ,leew5hoeck f\nd m ?an #ab1jjj 9 t ( a dragon-fly2 & #ag1cbe h be5 c\nt$ 9 ! eye ( a butt]fly4 ,! l5ses are mo/ num]\s 9 ! beetle1 & s small z n to be easily discov]able "u a pocket microscope1 except ! eye be turn$ :ite by long keep+4 ,! peculi> con/ruction ( ! bee's eye1 = see+ objects be/ at a mod]ate di/ance1 w acc\nt = ! circum/ance notic$ by ,wildman1 & also = ! foll[+ obs]vation ( ,dr4 ,evans4 ,we frequ5tly obs]ve bees fly+ /raight homew>ds ?r\gh ! trackless air1 z if 9 full view ( ! hive1 !n runn+ _! heads aga9/ x1 & seem+ to feel _! way to ! door ) _! ant5n1 z if totally bl9d4 ,sir ,c4 ,s4 ,mack5zie rem>k$ ! imp]fect vision ( bees1 & h[ v mu* puzzl$ !y are to f9d ! entrances to _! hives1 if ! relative position ( ! entrances be alt]$1 or ! hives be remov$ two or ?ree y>ds f ! place :]e !y h usually /ood4 ,9 cases ( removal1 ! bees d n dur+ ! fir/ day fly to a di/ance1 nor till !y h visit$ & recogniz$ neighb\r+ objects4 ,mr4 ,rog]s1 9 8 ,pleasures ( ,memory1 has notic$ ?is defective vision 9 ! bee4 ,hav+ spok5 ( h] excursive flights to a di/ance1 & ref]r$ to h] b5d+ h] c\rse homew>ds aga91 he obs]ves1 ,t eye s f9ely wr\ght4 ,beyond ! se>* ( s5se1 ! so> ( ?\ght4 ,n[ va9ly asks ! sc5es %e left beh9d2 ,its orb s full1 its vision s conf9$6 ,& he concludes t x is by ! aid ( memory t %e retraces h] passage back to ! hive1 by recogniz+ ! sc5ts ( ! v>i\s fl[]s :i* %e has pass$ or visit$ on h] outw>d j\rney1-- ,! v>i$ sc5ts t *>m'd h] z %e flew4 ,b ?is idea1 z ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce h obs]v$1 is m poetical ?an accurate1 ! bees be+ always accu/om$ to fly to _! hives 9 "r l9es4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is peculi>ity ( insect vision1 _m ( ^? bees t return homew>ds aft] dusk 9 ! ev5+1 are oblig$ to lie abroad all night4 ,! same peculi>ity1 add$ to ! acut5ess ( _! smell1 has giv5 bir? to v>i\s contrivances = induc+ bees ( diff]5t hives to m+le peaceably toge!r1 z m5tion$ at page #aed4 ,f ! exp]im5ts ( ,swamm]dam1 ,reaumur1 ,hooke & o!rs1 x seems t bees & o!r insects1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! hym5opt]\s ord]1 possess organs ( vision1 besides ^? :i* are prop]ly call$ _! eyes4 ,^! organs1 kn[n by ! "n ( ,/emmata1 are ?ree smoo?1 glossy1 hemisph]ical dots1 plac$ 9 a triangul> position ^u ! v]tex or top ( ! head4 ,! two reticul> eyes ( "o ( ^! insects hav+ be5 cov]$ ) fluid pit*1 7! /emmata be+ left op517 :5 plac$ "u a glass1 ! insect ran up & d[n1 b )\t /rik+ aga9/ ! sides ( ! glass4 ,9 a simil> exp]im5t ^u a dragon-fly 7,libellula71 ! insect flew away1 b 9 its flight /ruck aga9/ walls & o!r objects4 ,! /emmata 9 ano!r insect be+ cov]$1 & ! reticul> eyes left op51 seem$ to cause no imp$im5t to its usual proce$+s1 x appe>$ to see z well z be=e4 ,b :5 bo? ! /emmata & ! eyes 7 cov]$1 ! insect seem$ to be totally depriv$ ( sight1 x walk$ sl[ly "u ! glass1 & :5 all[$ its lib]ty1 w\ld n v5ture to fly4 ,^! exp]im5ts be+ tri$ ^u bees by ,reaumur1 !y rema9$ immoveable1 appe>+ unc]ta9 :]e to direct _! flight3 :5 _! eyes only 7 cov]$1 !y flew p]p5dicul>ly upw>ds till !y 7 out ( sight1 seem+ to foll[ t direction :i* ! aid ( ! /emmata af=d$ !m4 ,^! /emmata may1 f _! situation1 assi/ ! insect 9 p]=m+ its v>i\s op]ations 9 ! int]ior ( ! hive2 may1 z ,reaumur has obs]v$1 answ] to !m ! purpose ( microscopes4 ,i _c conclude ?is *apt] on ! ,s5ses ( ,bees )\t notic+ ! !ory ( t em95t physiologi/ ,dr4 ,virey4 ,he has giv5 x z 8 op9ion1 t !re are sev5 s5ses1 :i* he ?us divides4 ,f\r physical1 namely1 ,t\*1 ,ta/e1 ,smell1 & ,love2 ?ree intellectual1 namely4 ,he>+1 ,sight1 & ,?\ght4 7,n4 ,dict4 d',hi/4 ,nat47 ,:e!r ,love & ,?\ght %\ld be add$ to my enum]ation ( ! s5ses ( bees ,i %all n n[ inquire3 if !y may be1 ?is "w w supply abundant evid5ce ( bo?1 if we compreh5d ! :ole community ( bees2 = ?\gh physical love appe>s n to con/itute any "p ( ! pleasure ( ! work+ bee1 7except f "s accid5tal cause :i* has be5 already expla9$17 !re is presumptive pro( ( its possess+ ?\ght or intellect3 & al?\gh x may n be easy to adduce te/imony 9 fav\r ( ! que5's or ! drone's possess+ ?\ght1 !y bo? satisfactorily ev9ce a susceptibility ( physical love4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,,in/9cts ,,( ,,bees4 ,all creatures1 ( :atev] size1 t live toge!r 9 l>ge communities1 h long be5 obs]v$ to display m k & +5uity ?an ^? t d n congregate3 ?is sup]iority is also suppos$ to di/+ui% ^? :i* possess ! mo/ exquisite s5se ( t\*1 & ^: occupations require a cont9u$ ex]tion ( _! p[]s4 ,! insect tribe /rongly confirm ! tru? ( ^! rem>ks4 ,solit>y insects may exhibit a s+le trait ( sup]iority1 ei!r 9 ! cat*+ ( _! prey1 z ! spid] does2 or 9 ! secur+ ( a well protect$ habitation1 z is in/anc$ by ! c>p5t] bee1 ! mason bee1 & "s o!r lone & non-associat+ insects3 b ! hi/ory ( ^? :i* unite 9 societies unfolds m ( insect en]gy & tal5t4 ,9 l>ge communities a comb9ation ( ex]tions is requisite1 to procure supplies = ! g5]al weal2 an int]c\rse ( mutual intellig5ce is kept up2 lab\r is regul>ly divid$2 ! sph]e ( action is ext5d$2 & 9 cases ( em]g5cy1 !re is an unusual manife/ation ( insect p[] & intellig5ce4 ,in/ances ( all ^! faculties are em95tly conspicu\s 9 ! honey-bee2--"s ( !m ,i h be=e notic$1 & %all n[ adv]t to a few m4 ,! m5tal p[]s ( bees1 if ,i may be all[$ to use ! t]m1 h be5 includ$1 by "s writ]s "u ! g5]al "n ( ,in/9ct,u2 o!rs1 consid]+ ! :ole ( _! proce$+s to be fraught ) intellig5ce1 h reg>d$ !m z evid5ces ( a reason+ p[]4 ,all ! phnom5a ( insect life _c ,i presume be expla9$ )\t giv+ !m cr$it = bo?4 ,footnote ,u3 ,hub] has obs]v$ t ! in/9ct ( ! humble-bee is /ill m ref9$ ?an t ( ! honey-bee4 ,z an in/ance ( ?is1 he /ates t ! =m] :5 unable to p5etrate a fl[] ?r\gh its natural cavity1 makes an ap]ture at ! base ( ! corolla1 or ev5 ( ! calyx1 & ins9uates its proboscis into ! res]voir ( honey1 ?r\gh ! op5+ x has made4 ,deem n1 va9 mortal1 t res]v'd = !e ,hangs all ! rip5+ fruit on reason's tree2 ,ev5 ^!1 ! t9ie/ t5ants ( ?y c>e1 ,claim ( t reason1 _! apportion'd %>e3 ,witness yon slaught]'d snail1 )9 _! door1 ,tomb'd l ! fir/ bold ,greek on ,ilion's %ore4 ,evans4 ,a snail hav+ crept into "o ( ,m4 ,reaumur's hives e>ly 9 ! morn+1 aft] crawl+ ab\t = "s "t1 adh]$ by means ( its own slime to "o ( ! glass panes1 :]e1 b = ! bees1 x w\ld probably h rema9$1 till ei!r a moi/ air or its own spume _h loos5$ ! adhesion4 ,! bees hav+ discov]$ ! snail1 imm$iately surr\nd$ x1 & =m$ a bord] ( propolis r\nd ! v]ge ( its %ell1 :i* 01 at la/1 s securely fix$ to ! glass1 z to become immoveable1 ei!r by ! moi/ure ( ! air f )\t1 or by ! snail's secretion f )94 ,nor aught avails t 9 8 torpid ve9s1 ,ye> aft] ye>1 life's loit]+ sp>k rema9s,v3 ,= ev] clos'd ! imp5etrable door1 ,he s9ks on dea?'s cold arm to rise no m4 ,evans4 ,footnote ,v3 ,9 ! ,annual ,regi/] = #agge "s v extraord9>y in/ances are relat$ ( ! protraction ( life 9 snails4 ,aft] !y _h la9 9 a cab9et above fifte5 ye>s1 imm]s+ !m 9 wat] caus$ !m to revive & crawl out ( _! %ells4 ,m>aldi has relat$ a some:at simil> in/ance4 ,a h\seless snail or slug1 z x is call$1 _h ent]$ "o ( 8 hives3 ! bees1 z soon z !y obs]v$ x1 pi]c$ x ) _! /+s1 till x expir$ b5ea? _! repeat$ /rokes2 aft] :i*1 be+ unable to dislodge x1 !y cov]$ x all ov] ) propolis4 ,=1 soon 9 fe>less ire1 _! wond] lo/4 ,spr+ fi]cely f ! comb ?' indignant ho/4 ,lay ! pi]c'd mon/] brea?less on ! gr\nd1 ,& clap1 9 joy1 _! victor p9ions r\nd4 ,:ile all 9 va9 concurr5t numb]s /rive1 ,to heave ! slime-girt giant f ! hive1-- ,sure n alone by =ce in/9ctive sway'd1 ,b ble/ ) reason's s\l-direct+ aid1 ,alike 9 man or bee1 !y ha/e to p\r1 ,?ick h>d5+ z x falls1 ! flaky %[]2 ,embalm'd 9 %r\d ( glue ! mummy lies1 ,no worms invade1 no f\l miasmas rise4 ,evans4 ,9 ^! two cases1 :o c )hold 8 admiration ( ! +5uity & judgem5t ( ! bees8 ,9 ! fir/ case1 a tr\blesome creature ga9$ admission into ! hive1 :i*1 f its unwield9ess1 !y c\ld n remove1 & :i*1 f ! imp5etrability ( its %ell1 !y c\ld n de/roy3 "h !n _! only res\rce 0 to deprive x ( loco-motion1 & to obviate putrefaction2 bo? :i* objects !y accompli%$ mo/ skilfully & securely1--&1 z is usual ) ^! sagaci\s creatures1 at ! lea/ possible exp5se ( lab\r & mat]ials4 ,!y appli$ _! cem5t1 :]e alone x 0 requir$1 namely1 r\nd ! v]ge ( ! %ell4 ,9 ! latt] case1 to obviate ! evil ( putresc5ce1 by ! total exclusion ( air1 !y 7 oblig$ to be m lavi% 9 ! use ( _! embalm+ mat]ial1 & to =m ) x s complete an incru/ation or case ov] ! slime-girt giant1 z to gu>d !m f ! consequ5ces :i* ! atmosph]e inv>iably produces ^u all animal sub/ances1 t are expos$ to its action aft] life has become ext9ct4 ,may x n be ask$1 ,:at means m effectual c\ld human wisdom h devis$1 "u simil> circum/ances8 ,inde$1 _m ( ! proce$+s ( bees & o!r associat$ insects seem traceable to a reason+ p[]2 = !y exhibit an adaptation ( means to ends1 & v>y !m to suit p>ticul> em]g5cies1--! judici\s p]=mance ( actions ) a view to "s propos$ end1 is ! crit]ion by :i* we judge ( rationality4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! difficulty ( ascrib+ "s ( _! actions to any o!r pr9ciple ?an t :i* is kn[n by ! "n ( ,in/9ct1 has l$ to a classification ( ! :ole ( _! proce$+s "u t head4 ,in/9ct is a faculty ! ex]cise ( :i* implies an exquisitely f9e me*anism ( "s ( ! s5ses4 ,x appe>s to op]ate indep5d5tly ( all anticipation ( consequ5ces2 ! av5ues to k are1 to be sure1 less circuit\s 9 ^! & o!r animals ?an 9 man1 nei!r exp]i5ce nor inductive reason+ seem to be at all ess5tial to ! p]fection ( _! op]ations2 !y may be said to h1 :at _m an indol5t human be+ has wi%$ to f9d1--a royal road to k4 ,if 9 ! ,insect1 ,reason's twilight ray ,%$s on ! d>kl+ m9d a d\btful day4 ,pla9 is ! /eady light h] ,in/9cts yield4 ,to po9t ! road o'er life's unv>i$ field2 ,if few ^? ,in/9cts1 to ! de/9'd goal1 ,) sur] c\rse1 _! /rait5'd curr5ts roll4 ,evans4 ,"o writ]1 & t a v +5i\s "o1 has endeav\r$ to resolve all in/9cts into reason1 & has boldly haz>d$ ! foll[+ conjecture4 ,if we 7 bett] acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ories ( ^? insects t are =m$ into societies1--z ! bees1 wasps & ants1--we %\ld f9d t _! arts & improvem5ts are n s simil> & uni=m z !y n[ appe> to u1 b t !y arose 9 ! same mann] 7f exp]i5ce & tradition7 z ! arts ( our own species2 ?\gh _! reason+ is f few ideas1 is busi$ ab\t few] objects1 & is ex]t$ ) less en]gy,w4 ,footnote ,w3 ,d>w94 ,s9ce ! ,doctor wrote ?is passage1 mu* light has be5 ?r[n ^u ^? v subjects on :i* he lam5ts our defective k3 b :il/ x /r5g!ns :at ,i h said z to ! possession ( reason by insects1 x confirms my obs]vations respect+ _! in/9ctive p[]s4 ,!re are facts record$1 9 ,hub]'s rese>*es respect+ ants1 :i* exhibit 9 "s at lea/ ( ^? insects1 7! ,amazons17 a p[] ( acquir+ habits & *>act]s :i* _c well be reg>d$ z m]ely in/9ctive4 ,! ,amazons take advantage ( an improvem5t 9 _! condition1 & avail !mselves ( t /r5g?1 :i* sometimes accrues to !m1 9 consequ5ce ( a l>ge accession to _! numb]s4 ,to relieve !mselves f lab\r1 !y enslave1 by a c\p de ma91 a feeble colony ( ants ( ano!r species1 & transport+ x to _! own domicile1 impose ^u ! captives ! task ( collect+ provision1 re>+ ! "y1 repair+ ! =mic>y1 c4 c4 ,! ,amazons become a complete ari/ocracy1 & l ladies & g5tlem51 h s]vants to wait ^u !m4 ,i %all n attempt to det]m9e ! po9t :]e intellect beg9s to dawn1 nor to assign ! b\nd>y :]e in/9ct assumes ! *>act]i/ics ( reason4 ,= x is no :]e m difficult to discrim9ate betwe5 ! regul> op]ation ( implant$ motives1 & ! result ( acquir$ k & habits1 ?an 9 /udy+ ! phnom5a pres5t$ by ! bee4 ,= ! pres5t !re=e ,i mu/ be all[$ to reg>d ! prov9ces ( reason & in/9ct z undef9able2 inde$ x seems highly probable t our limit$ faculties may nev] enable u to acquire a k ( !m4 ,/ill ! facts :i* ,i h relat$1 & ^? :i* ,i %all proce$ to detail1 af=d su* app>5tly /rong evid5ces ( a reason+ faculty1 t )\t introduc+ t faculty z _! s\rce1 ,i %all be at a loss to expla9 ! phnom5a4 ,dr4 ,d>w9 9 8 ,zoonomia1 relates an anecdote ( app>5t ratioc9ation 9 a wasp1 :i* _h caught a fly ne>ly z l>ge z itself4 ,kneel+ d[n1 ! ,doctor saw ! wasp dissev] ! head & tail f ! trunk ( ! fly1 & attempt to so> ) ! latt]3 b f9d+ :5 ab\t two feet f ! gr\nd t ! w+s ( ! fly c>ri$ too mu* sail1 & caus$ its prize & itself to be :irl$ ab\t1 by a little breeze t _h aris51 x dropp$ ^u ! gr\nd ) its prey1 & delib]ately saw$ (f ) its m&ibles1 fir/ "o w+ & !n ! o!r3 hav+ ?us remov$ ^! imp$im5ts to its progress1 ! wasp flew away ) its booty1 & exp]i5c$ no fur!r mole/ation f ! w9d4 ,"s ( ! proce$+s ( bees 9 glass hives _c be ref]r$ to _! in/9ctive faculties1--glass be+ a sub/ance :i* w\ld nev] be pres5t$ to !m 9 _! natural /ate4 ,hav+ frequ5tly obs]v$1 says ,dr4 ,evans1 on ! inside ( my glass hives1 prior to ! =mation ( cells1 a numb] ( gluey spots rang$ at regul> di/ances1 ,i suppos$ !m at fir/ to be int5d$ z a k9d ( l&-m>ks1 po9t+ out ! divisions ( ! future /reets1 c4 ,on re-exam9ation1 h[ev]1 ,i f\nd !m evid5tly us$ z s _m foot/ools on ! slipp]y glass1 ea* bee re/+ on "o ( ^! ) its middle pair ( legs1 :ile ! =e-claws 7 hook$ ) ! h9d ones ( ! next above2 ?us =m+ a liv+ ladd]1 by :i* ! work]s 7 enabl$ to rea* ! top1 & pursue _! fav\rite plan ( comm5c+ _! combs !re4 ,a v /rik+ illu/ration ( ! reason+ p[] ( bees occurr$ to my fri5d ,mr4 ,walond4 ,inspect+ 8 bee-boxes at ! end ( ,octob] #ahag1 he p]ceiv$ t a c5tre comb1 bur!n$ ) honey1 _h sep>at$ f its atta*m5ts1 & 0 lean+ aga9/ ano!r comb1 s z to prev5t ! passage ( ! bees betwe5 !m4 ,?is accid5t excit$ great activity 9 ! colony1 b its nature c\ld n be asc]ta9$ at ! "t4 ,at ! end ( a week1 ! wea!r be+ cold & ! bees clu/]$ toge!r1 ,mr4 ,w4 obs]v$1 ?r\gh ! w9d[ ( ! box1 t !y _h con/ruct$ two horizontal pill>s betwixt ! combs allud$ to1 & _h remov$ s mu* ( ! honey & wax f ! top ( ea*1 z to all[ ! passage ( a bee3 9 ab\t t5 days m !re 0 an un9t]rupt$ ?or\ghf>e2 ! deta*$ comb at its upp] "p _h be5 secur$ by a /rong b>ri] & fa/5$ to ! w9d[ ) ! sp>e wax4 ,?is be+ accompli%$1 ! bees remov$ ! horizontal pill>s fir/ con/ruct$1 z be+ ( no fur!r use4 ,dur+ ?is labori\s process1 says ,mr4 ,w4 ! glass w9d[ 9 ! box 0 z w>m z ,i _h felt x dur+ any "p ( ! summ]1 & ! bees 7 z active )9 ! box4 ,m4 ,p4 ,hub] ( ,lausanne1 9 8 ,obs]vations on ,humble-bees1 publi%$ 9 ! six? volume ( ! ,l9nan ,transactions1 has giv5 a curi\s detail ( "s exp]im5ts 9 :i* ! bees conduct$ !mselves some:at simil>ly to ^? ( ,mr4 ,walond4 ,hav+ inclos$ twelve humble-bees 9 a bell-glass1 ^u a table1 he gave !m a "p ( _! cones or *rysalids1 conta9+ ab\t t5 silk5 cocoons1 & free+ ! latt] z mu* z possible f wax1 he f$ ! bees = "s days ) poll5 only4 ,! cells conta9+ ! cones be+ v unequal1 ! mass 0 s un/eady z extremely to disquiet ! bees4 ,_! affection = _! "y l$ !m to m\nt ^u ! cocoons1 to imp>t w>m? to ! inclos$ l>v3 !y c\ld n d ?is )\t caus+ ! comb to tott] or lean on "o side1 & hav+ no wax = fa/5+ ! "w to ! table1 !y _h rec\rse to ! foll[+ +5i\s exp$i5t4 ,two or ?ree bees got ^u ! comb1 & desc5d+ to ! l[] edge ( x1 ) _! heads d[nw>ds1 hung f x by ! hooks ( _! h9d feet1 & clung to ! table by ^? ( ! second pair1 :i* are v long2 ?us did !y keep ?is piece ( cell-"w /eady by _! own muscul> /r5g?4 ,:5 fatigu$ by ?is con/ra9$ & irksome position1 !y 7 reliev$ by _! comrades2 ev5 ! que5 assi/$4 ,hav+ kept ! bees 9 ?is /ate till ne>ly ! end ( ! ?ird day1 & %[n !m to sev]al p]sons1 ,hub] introduc$ "s honey1 to enable !m to =m wax3 !y soon con/ruct$ pill>s1 ext5d+ f ! mo/ project+ p>ts ( ! cell-"w to ! table1 & kept ! cell-"w 9 a firm position4 ,! wax1 h[ev]1 gett+ gradually dry1 ! pill>s gave way2 :5 ! poor insects adopt$ _! =m] /ra9+ exp$i5t = /eady+ ! comb1 & cont9u$1 p]sev]+ly1 to su/a9 x 9 ?is mann]1 till ,hub] took pity on !m & glu$ ! cake ( comb firmly to ! table4 ,c\ld ! mo/ intellig5t ar*itect h m judici\sly propp$ a tott]+ edifice1 till adequate supports c\ld be appli$8 ,! res\rces ( bees1 :5 attack$ by ! ,sph9x ,atropos or ,dea?'s-head ,hawk-mo? are mu* 9 po9t4 ,9 ?is case1 accord+ to ,hub]1 !y con/ruct small ar*ways & v>i\s o!r +5i\s b>ricadoes1 ) a mixture ( wax & propolis1 s z j to all[ ! egress & +ress ( "o or two work]s1 & effectually to exclude _! m>aud+ enemy4 ,! bees d n1 z if guid$ by m]e in/9ct1 comm5ce _! =tifications on ! fir/ attack ( ! ,sph9x1 nor until !y h be5 robb$ ( ne>ly _! :ole /ock ( honey4 ,?is !re=e seems to be a case 9 :i* reason is taught by exp]i5ce1 & :i* admits 9 all its p>ticul>s ( a direct comp>ison ) human reason & human contrivance4 ,moreov]1 on ! cessation ( dang]1 & :5 honey-fl[]s 7 abundant1 ! colony prosp]\s & sw>ms prep>$ to issue1 ^! sagaci\s eng9e]s demoli%$ ! =tifications1 9 ord] to give room = ! exit & entrance ( ! bees4 ,a colony t _h be5 ?us attack$ 9 #ahjd1 & 0 t>dy 9 its def5sive prep>ations1 hav+ d]iv$ in/ruction f ! pa/1 con/ruct$ fre% ramp>ts spe$ily1 on ! reappe>ance ( ! ,sph9x 9 #ahjg1 & ?us gu>d$ itself f imp5d+ dang]4 ,f :at has be5 said 9 page #bif1 x seems probable t ! lives ( ! work+ bees d n ext5d beyond a ye>1 at ! utmo/3 if !re=e my inf]5ce be legitimate1 ! in=mation ( ! colony ( #ahjg mu/ h be5 traditional1 or else d]iv$ f a que5 :i* _h reign$ ov] !m f #ahjd4 ,on ! subject ( traditional in=mation1 see ,memory ( ,bees4 ,x is fur!r rem>kable1 z a confirmation ( ?is process ( ratioc9ation & reflection1 t if ! api>ian apply prop] gu>ds be=e ! entrances to ! hives1 :5 ! ,sph9x makes its appe>ance1 ! bees1 f9d+ t !y are anticipat$1 devise no measures ( security4 ,i %all adduce ano!r in/ance 9 support ( my position t insects are end[$ ) reason1 & t !y mutually communicate & receive in=mation4 ,a ,g]man arti/ ( /rict v]acity1 /ates1 t 9 8 j\rney ?r\gh ,italy1 he 0 an eye-witness to ! foll[+ occurr5ce4 ,he obs]v$ a species ( ,sc>abu busily engag$1 9 mak+ = ! reception ( its egg a pellet ( dung1 :i* :5 f9i%$1 ! insect roll$ to ! summit ( a hillock1 & repeat$ly suff]$ x to tumble d[n ! slope1 app>5tly = ! purpose ( consolidat+ ! pellet by ! adhesion ( e>? to x 9 its rotat+ motion4 ,dur+ ?is process1 ! pellet unluckily fell into a hole1 out ( :i* ! beetle 0 unable to extricate x4 ,aft] sev]al ineffectual attempts1 ! insect w5t to an adjo9+ heap ( dung1 & soon return$ ) ?ree companions4 ,all f\r appli$ _! unit$ /r5g? to ! pellet1 & at l5g? succe$$ 9 pu%+ x out1 :5 ! ?ree assi/ant beetles left ! spot1 & return$ to _! own qu>t]s,x4 ,footnote ,x3 ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ebb4 ,mr4 ,hunt] speaks r s>ca/ically1 ^u ! subject ( reason be+ "o ( ! attributes ( insects4 ,reason1 says he1 has be5 ascrib$ to bees2 !y h be5 suppos$ to be legislators1 & ev5 ma!maticians2 & ?\gh !re is "s %[ ( reason = ^! suppositions1 !re is mu* m ( imag9ation4 ,to %[ h[ f> ! excursive fancy ( api>ians _h sometimes c>ri$ !m1 ,mr4 ,h4 select$ a v un=tunate in/ance1 namely1 ! ass]tion1 z he calls x1 t work]s' eggs may be conv]t$ into que5s1--a fact :i* has s9ce be5 e/abli%$ by a s]ies ( ! mo/ satisfactory exp]im5ts4 ,dr4 ,virey1 9 8 ,n\velle ,dictionnaire d',hi/oire ,naturelle1 d5ies t insects possess any portion ( intellect1 & attributes all _! op]ations to m]e in/9ct1 :i* he consid]s z ! result ( pure me*anism1 dep5d+ ^u ! con/ruction ( _! n]v\s sy/ems1 9 ! same mann] z ! tune play$ ^u a b>rel organ1 is dep5d5t on ! notes :i* ! cyl9d] successively pres5ts to its keys4 ,des ,c>tes1 & o!rs be=e him1 held a simil> op9ion1 consid]+ insects z be+ simply susceptible ( ext]nal impressions1 & ?r\gh ! m$ium ( t susceptibility /imulat$ to act4 ,if ?is doctr9e be correct1 in/9ct is possess$ alike by animals & vegetables2 9 %ort by e ?+ t has life1 ! diff]5ce be+ n 9 quality1 b 9 quantity4 ,buffon attempt$ to expla9 ! phnom5a ( insect life by ! simple laws ( me*anism1 conc$+ to ! insects at ! same "t a p[] ( di/+ui%+ & *oos+ betwe5 pleasure & pa94 ,"s h ev5 v5tur$ to ass]t t ! inv>iable exactness ( ! cell-"w ( bees is a pro( ( _! /upidity1 & t ! wond]s ( ! honey'd reign1 no m bespeak ! ag5cy ( m9d or intellect1 ?an ! configuration ( salts into _! respective cry/als4 ,%all !n pr\d sophi/s arrogant & va94 ,spurn all ! wond]s ( ! honey'd reign4 ,& bid alike "o m9dless influ5ce own ,! social bee1 & cry/alliz+ /one8 ,ea* l9k !y trace 9 animation's r\nd1 ,da%es _! poison'd *alice to ! gr\nd4 ,evans4 ,if ?is !ory respect+ insects 7 j1 x %\ld elucidate all ! ph5om5a :i* x und]takes to expla91 o!rwise x is injuri\s to sci5ce4 ,exam9ation w prove x to be a m]e hypo!tical op9ion1 +5i\s1 & at fir/ sight plausible1 b completely unsatisfactory4 ,?is !ory is ! natural consequ5ce ( d5y+ to insects any portion ( intellect1 & its errone\sness is %[n by _! capability ( in/ruction4 ,in/9ct itself _c be a purely me*anical process1 or x w\ld be incapable ( modification1 & w\ld1 "u l circum/ances1 always act 9 ! same mann]4 ,sir ,joseph ,banks's spid] t1 on be+ crippl$1 *ang$ f a s$5t>y web-weav] to a hunt]1 is an in/ance ( modifi$ in/9ct,y4 ,! well kn[n fact t birds build _! ne/s diff]5tly1 :]e climate & o!r circum/ances require a v>iation1 is ano!r in/ance4 ,a dog may be re/ra9$ f obey+ its in/9cts1 by ! intimidat+ recollection ( a beat+ :i* x _h =m]ly receiv$2 a bee1 if al>m$1 w quit ! nect>y ( a fl[]3--"h ! intellect ( ! creatures c\nt]acts _! in/9cts4 ,!re are o!r in/ances 9 :i* ! intellect appe>s to direct ! in/9cts4 ,:5 ! bee makes excursive flights 9 que/ ( pa/ure1 its s5ses s]ve to guide x1 & enable x1 by ! aid ( memory1 to retrace its passage home aga94 ,at ! conclusion ( its outw>d & homew>d j\rneys1 its in/9cts imm$iately beg9 to op]ate2 9 ! "o case1 tea*+ x to imbibe nect>1 collect poll51 c42 9 ! o!r1 to /ore & apply ^? mat]ials to _! respective uses4 ,footnote ,y3 ,! acc\nt ( ?is spid] 0 s5t to ,dr4 ,lea* by ,sir ,joseph ,banks4 ,an int]e/+ hi/ory ( x is giv5 9 ! ,l9nan ,transactions1 vol4 ii4 page #cic4 ,x _h lo/ five ( its legs1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds reproduc$1 b ! new legs 7 %ort] ?an ^? = :i* !y 7 sub/itut$4 ,m4 ,reim> has d5i$ t ! l[] animals possess memory1 prop]ly s call$2 & has giv5 x z 8 op9ion1 t !y are only influ5c$ by pa/ ev5ts1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ pres5t objects be=e !m1--nev] by reflection or k ( ! pa/1 z be+ pa/4 ,b t1 ) !m1 a =m] impression may be r5ew$1 )\t be+ recollect$2 t x is ?us r5d]$ pres5t to ! imag9ation1 b has no place 9 ! memory4 ,= argum5ts & in/ances 9 support ( _! be+ end[$ ) memory1 see page #bfj4 7,organs ( ,s5sation47 ,! possession ( ! organs ( s5se implies ! possession ( "s portion ( intellect1 = )\t intellect ^? organs w\ld seem incapable ( be+ employ$ to ! greate/ advantage4 ,!re is ?is diff]5ce1 says ,mr4 ,sp5ce1 betwe5 intellect 9 man1 & ! re/ ( ! animal creation4 ,_! intellect tea*es !m to foll[ ! lead ( _! s5ses1 & to make su* use ( ! ext]nal _w z _! appetites or in/9cts incl9e !m to1--& ?is is _! wisdom3 :ile ! intellect ( man1 be+ associat$ ) an immortal pr9ciple1 & connect$ ) a _w above t :i* 8 s5ses reveal to him1 c1 by aid d]iv$ f heav51 control ^? s5ses1 & r5d] !m ob$i5t to ! gov]n+ p[] ( 8 nature2 & ?is is 8 wisdom4 ,a di/9ction has be5 made1 & v prop]ly1 betwe5 wisdom & k4 ,! =m] alone c be possess$ by ! l[] animals1 man c possess bo?4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 !m has be5 v accurately m>k$ by ,c[p]1 ?\gh 9 mak+ x he has conf9$ himself to man only4 ,k & wisdom1 f> f be+ "o1 ,h (t times no connection4 ,k dwells ,9 heads replete ) ?\ghts ( o!r m51 ,wisdom 9 m9ds att5tive to _! own4 ,x w1 ,i ?9k1 be evid5t to my read]s1 f ! g5]al t5\r ( ?is *apt]1 t ?\gh ,i make a di/9ction betwe5 ! in/9ct & ! reason ( bees1 ,i d n conf\nd _! reason ) ! reason ( man4 ,b to obviate all possibility ( misconception1 ,i w at once def9e my mean+1 :5 ,i use ! t]ms insect reason & in/9ct4 ,by reason1 ,i mean ! p[] ( mak+ d$uctions f previ\s exp]i5ce or obs]vation1 &1 !reby ( adapt+ means to ends4 ,in/9ct ,i reg>d z a disposition & p[] to p]=m c]ta9 actions 9 ! same uni=m mann]1 )\t ref]5ce ei!r to obs]vation or exp]i5ce4 ,^? :o h att5d$ to ?is subject1 w be aw>e t insect reason z above def9$1 is m re/rict$ 9 its functions ?an ! reason ( man2 to :i* is sup]add$ ! p[] ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! true & ! false1 &1 accord+ to "s metaphysicians1 betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,reason1 9 man1 has a regul> gr[?1 & a sl[ progression2 all ! arts he practises ev9ce skill & dext]ity1 proportion$ to ! pa9s :i* h be5 tak5 9 acquir+ !m4 ,9 ! l[] l9ks ( creation1 b little ( ?is gradual improvem5t is obs]vable2 _! p[]s c>ry !m almo/ directly to _! object4 ,!y are p]fect1 z ,bacon says1 9 all _! memb]s & organs f ! v beg9n+4 ,f> diff]5t ,man1 to high] fates assign'd4 ,unfolds ) t>di] /ep 8 ,proteus m9d1 ,) num]\s ,in/9cts fraught1 t lose _! =ce ,l %all[ /reams1 divid$ 9 _! c\rse2 ,long weak1 & helpless1 on ! fo/]+ brea/1 ,9 fond dep5d5ce leans ! infant gue/4 ,till ,reason rip5s :at "y impulse taught4 ,& builds1 on s5se1 ! l(ty pile ( ?\ght2 ,f e>?1 sea1 air1 ! quick p]ceptions rise1 ,& swell ! m5tal fabric to ! skies4 ,evans4 ,e manufactur+ art1 says ,dr4 ,reid1 0 inv5t$ by "s "o man1 successively improv$ & p]fect$ by o!rs2 & :5 ?us p]fect$1 kn[n only by ^? to :om x has be5 taught3 :ile 9 ! arts ( animals no individual c claim ! inv5tion4 ,e animal ( ! species has equal skill f ! beg9n+1 )\t tea*+1 )\t exp]i5ce1 or habit4 ,bo? ,in/9ct & ,reason1 says ,dr4 ,evans1 appe> to lose _! int5sity1 9 proportion z _! rays div]ge f _! prop] focus2 & z !y are less frequ5tly ar\s$ to action4 ,a dome/icat$ f[l is furni%$ ) ! same app>atus z h] wild si/]s on ! wa/e1 = r5d]+ h] fea!rs imp5etrable to wat]3 yet1 liv+ pr9cipally "u cov]1 %e secretes mu* less ( ! oily fluid1 de/9$ = t purpose1 & makes1 :5 accid5tally wet1 a mo/ ridicul\s appe>ance4 ,! =ce ( in/9ctive prop5sities1 :5 direct$ to "o object1 & un9flu5c$ by reason1 is /rongly exemplifi$ 9 ! idiot bee-eat] ( ,selborne1 m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,:ite1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,selborne4 ,! collect$ p[]s ( reason1 :5 conc5tr$ 9 a s+le focus1 is no less f9ely in/anc$ 9 ! immortal ,newton4 ,to ^? read]s :o h n se5 ,mr4 ,:ite's acc\nt ( ! bee-eat]1 ! foll[+ ab/ract ( x may prove acceptable4 ,! boy 0 a resid5t 9 ,selborne1 ab\t ! ye> #agej4 ,he took great notice ( bees f 8 *ildhood1 & at l5g? us$ to eat !m4 ,9 summ]1 8 few faculties 7 devot$ to ! pursuit ( !m1 ?r\gh fields & g>d5s4 ,dur+ w9t]1 8 fa!r's *imney corn] 0 8 fav\rite haunt1 :]e he doz$ away 8 "t1 9 an almo/ torpid /ate4 ,practice made him s exp]t1 t he c\ld seize honey-bees1 humble-bees or wasps1 ) 8 nak$ h&s1 dis>m !m ( _! /+s1 & suck _! honey-bags1 ) p]fect impunity4 ,sometimes he w\ld /ore ! bees 9 bottles1 & ev5 9 8 %irt bosom4 ,he 0 ! t]ror ( ! surr\nd+ bee-keep]s1 ^: g>d5s he w\ld ent] by /eal?1 & rapp+ on ! outsides ( _! hives1 cat* ! bees z !y came out to see :at 0 ! matt]4 ,if 9 ?is way he c\ld n obta9 a suffici5t numb] to supply 8 wants1 s passionately fond 0 he ( honey1 t he w\ld sometimes ov]turn ! hives to get at x4 ,he 0 accu/om$ to hov] ab\t ! tubs ( ! mead-mak]s1 to beg a draught ( bee-w9e1 z he call$ x4 ,z he ran ab\t ! fields he made a humm+ noise ) 8 lips1 resembl+ t ( bees4 ,! lad 0 lean 9 8 p]son1 & ( a cadav]\s unheal?y aspect3 he di$ be=e he rea*$ ! age ( maturity4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,,on ,,! ,,ar*itecture ,,( ,,bees4 ,quel abime aux yeux du sage qu'une ru*e d'abeilles8 ,quel sagesse pr(onde se ca*e dans cet abime6 ,quel philosophe os]a le fond]6--,bonnet4 ,! combs ( a bee-hive comprise a cong]ies ( hexagonal cells1 =m$ by ! bees1 z receptacles = honey or = embryo bees4 ,a honey-comb is all[$ to be "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ a*ievem5ts ( insect indu/ry1 & an admirable specim5 ( insect ar*itecture4 ,x has attract$ ! admiration ( ! contemplative philosoph] 9 all ages1 & awak5$ speculation n only 9 ! naturali/1 b also 9 ! ma!matician3 s regul>1 s p]fect1 is ! /ructure ( ! cells1 t x satisfies e condition ( a ref9$ problem 9 geometry4 ,/ill a review ( _! proce$+s w lead to ! conclusion1 z ,hub] has obs]v$1 t ! geometrical relations1 :i* app>5tly embelli% ! productions ( bees1 are r ! necess>y result ( _! mode ( proce$+1 ?an ! pr9ciple by :i* _! lab\r is guid$4 ,we mu/ !re=e conclude1 t ! bees1 al?\gh !y act geometrically1 und]/& nei!r ! rules nor ! pr9ciples ( ! arts :i* !y practise s skilfully1 & t ! geometry is n 9 ! bee1 b 9 ! great ,geometrician :o made ! bee1 & made all ?+s 9 numb]1 weight & measure,z4 ,footnote ,z3 ,reid4 ,be=e ! "t ( ,hub]1 no naturali/ _h se5 ! comm5cem5t ( ! comb1 nor trac$ ! sev]al /eps ( its progress4 ,aft] _m attempts1 he at l5g? succe$$ 9 atta9+ ! desir$ object1 by prev5t+ ! bees f =m+ _! usual imp5etrable curta91 by susp5d+ !mselves f ! top ( ! hive2 9 %ort1 he oblig$ !m to build upw>ds1 & 0 !reby enabl$1 by means ( a glass w9d[1 to wat* e v>iation & progressive /ep 9 ! con/ruction ( comb4 ,ea* comb 9 a hive is compos$ ( two ranges ( cells back$ aga9/ ea* o!r3 ^! cells1 look+ at !m z a :ole1 may be said to h "o common base1 ?\gh no "o cell is oppos$ directly to ano!r4 ,?is base or p>tition betwe5 ! d\ble r[ ( cells is s dispos$ z to =m a pyramidal cavity at ! bottom ( ea*1 z w be expla9$ pres5tly4 ,! m\?s ( ! cells1 ?us rang$ on ea* side ( a comb1 op5 into two p>allel /reets 7!re be+ a cont9u$ s]ies ( combs 9 e well fill$ hive74 ,^! /reets are suffici5tly contract$ to avoid wa/e ( room & to pres]ve a prop] w>m?1 yet wide en\gh to all[ ! passage ( two bees abrea/4 ,ap]tures ?r\gh diff]5t p>ts ( ! combs are res]v$ to =m ne> roads1 = cross+ f /reet to /reet1 :]eby mu* "t is sav$ to ! bees4 ,^! 9 firm phalanx ply _! tw9kl+ feet1 ,/ret* out ! ductile mass1 & =m ! /reet1 ) _m a cross-way pa? & po/]n gate4 ,t %ort5 to _! range ! spread+ /ate4 ,evans4 ,! bees1 z has be5 already obs]v$1 build _! cells ( an hexangul> =m1 hav+ six equal sides1 ) ! exception ( ! fir/ or upp]mo/ r[1 ! %ape ( :i* is an irregul> p5tagon1 ! ro( ( ! hive =m+ "o ( ! memb]s ( ! p5tagon1 ?us3 ,illu/ration ,!re are only ?ree possible figures ( ! cells1 says ,dr4 ,reid1 :i* c make !m all equal & simil>1 )\t any useless int]/ices4 ,^! are ! equilat]al triangle1 ! squ>e & ! regul> hexagon4 ,x is well kn[n to ma!maticians t !re is n a f\r? way possible1 9 :i* a plane maybe cut into little spaces t %all be equal1 simil>1 & regul>1 )\t leav+ any int]/ices4 ,( ^! ?ree geometrical figures1 ! hexagon mo/ completely unites ! prime requisites = insect ar*itecture4 ,! tru? ( ?is proposition 0 p]ceiv$ by ,pappus1 an em95t ,greek philosoph] & ma!matician1 :o liv$ at ,alex&ria 9 ! reign ( ,!odosius ! ,great1 & its adoption by bees 9 ! con/ruction ( honey-comb 0 notic$ by t anci5t geometrician4 ,^! requisites are2 ,fir/1 conomy ( mat]ials4 ,!re are no useless p>titions 9 a honey-comb1 ea* ( ! six lat]al pannels ( "o cell =ms also "o ( ! pannels ( an adjo9+ cell2 & ( ! ?ree rhombs :i* =m ! pyramidal base ( a cell1 ea* contributes "o-?ird t[>ds ! =mation ( ! bases ( ?ree oppos+ cells1 ! bottom or c5tre ( e cell re/+ aga9/ ! po9t ( union ( ?ree pannels t are at ! back ( x4 ,secondly1 conomy ( room2 no int]/ices be+ left betwe5 adjo9+ cells4 ,?irdly1 ,! greate/ possible capacity or int]nal space1 consi/5t ) ! two =m] desid]ata4 ,f\r?ly1 conomy ( mat]ials & conomy ( room produce conomy ( lab\r4 ,& 9 addition to ^! advantages1 ! cells are con/ruct$ 9 ! /ronge/ mann] possible1 consid]+ ! quantity ( mat]ials employ$4 ,bo? ! sides & bases are s exquisitely ?91 t ?ree or f\r plac$ on ea* o!r are n ?ick] ?an a leaf ( common writ+-pap]2 ea* cell1 sep>ately weak1 is /r5g!n$ by its co9cid5ce ) o!r cells1 & ! entrance is =tifi$ ) an additional l$ge or bord] ( wax1 to prev5t its bur/+ f ! /ruggles ( ! bee-nymph1 or f ! +ress & egress ( ! lab\r]s4 ,?is entrance bord] is at lea/ ?ree times z ?ick z ! sides ( ! cell1 & ?ick] at ! angles ?an else:]e1 :i* prev5ts ! m\? ( ! cell f be+ regul>ly hexagonal1 ?\gh ! int]ior is p]fectly s4 ,on books deep por+1 ye pale sons ( toil4 ,:o wa/e 9 /udi\s trance ! midnight oil1 ,say1 c ye emulate ) all y\r rules4 ,drawn or f ,grecian or f ,go?ic s*ools4 ,?is artless frame8 ,in/9ct h] simple guide1 ,a heav5-taught ,insect baffles all y\r pride4 ,n all yon m>%al'd orbs1 t ride s high4 ,proclaim m l\d a pres5t ,deity1 ,?an ! nice symmetry ( ^! small cells1 ,:]e on ea* angle g5u9e sci5ce dwells4 ,& joys to m>k1 ?r\gh wide creation's reign1 ,h[ close ! less5+ l9ks ( h] cont9u$ *a94 ,evans4 ,i h j adv]t$ to ! +5uity ( ! bees 9 ?ick5+1 & !reby /r5g!n+ ! m\?s ( ! cells4 ,additional /r5g? is also d]iv$ f ! bees cov]+ ! :ole surface ( ! combs1 b m p>ticul>ly ! edges ( ! cells1 ) a peculi> k9d ( v>ni%1 :i* !y collect = ! purpose4 ,at fir/ ! combs are delicately :ite1 semitransp>5t1 & exce$+ly fragile1 smoo? b unpoli%$3 9 a %ort "t _! surfaces become /rong]1 & assume m or less ( a yell[ t9t4 ,! deep5+ ( ! col\r ( honey-combs has be5 suppos$1 by "s1 to be ! effect ( age2 & 9 "p x may be3 b x is pr9cipally ow+ to ! coat ( v>ni% ) :i* ! bees cov] !m4 ,?is v>ni% /rongly resembles propolis1 appe>+ to diff] f x only 9 conta9+ ! col\r+ mat]ial :i* imp>ts to wax its yell[ hue4 ,! s\rce ( ?is col\r+ matt] has n be5 discov]$3 x is insoluble 9 alcohol2 b ! manufacture ( :ite wax %[s t x is de/ructible by light4--,b to return to ! con/ruction ( ! cell-"w4 ,! pyramidal basis ( a cell is =m$ by ! junction ( ?ree rhomboidal or loz5ge-%ap$ portions ( wax2 ?us1 ,illu/ration ! apex ( ! pyramid be+ situat$ :]e ! ?ree obtuse angles ( ! loz5ges meet4 ,to ! ext]ior edges & angles are atta*$ ! six pannels or sides ( ea* cell4 ,! apex ( ea* pyramidal bottom1 on "o side ( a comb1 =ms ! angles ( ! bases ( ?ree cells on ! opposite side1 ! ?ree loz5ges respectively concurr+ 9 ! =mation ( ! bases ( ! same cells4 ,?is w ,i hope expla9 :at is meant by ea* cell sep>ately weak1 be+ /r5g!n$ by co9cid5ce ) o!rs4 ,! bottom ( ea* cell re/s ^u ?ree p>titions ( opposite cells1 f :i* x receives a great accession ( /r5g?4 ,z x is desirable t ! read] %\ld ?or\ghly compreh5d ?is subject1 ,i w re/ate x 9 o!r words4--,! p>tition :i* sep>ates ! two oppos+ r[s ( cells1 & :i* occupies1 ( c\rse1 ! middle di/ance betwe5 _! two surfaces1 is n a plane b a collection ( rhombs1 !re be+ ?ree at ! bottom ( ea* cell3 ! ?ree toge!r =m 9 %ape a flatt5$ pyramid1 ! basis ( :i* is turn$ t[>ds ! m\? ( ! cell2 ea* cell is 9 =m !re=e an hexagonal prism1 t]m9at$ by a flatt5$ trih$ral pyramid1 ! ?ree sides ( :i* pyramid are rhombs1 t meet at ! apex by _! obtuse angles4 ,! plates und]nea?1 repres5t ! opposite surfaces ( ! pyramidal bases ( adjo9+ cells1 & w1 ,i tru/1 enable ! read] to und]/& ! =ego+ description4 ,illu/ration ,! union ( ! loz5ges 9 "o po9t1 9 addition to ! support :i* x is ! means ( af=d+ to ! ?ree p>titions betwe5 oppos+ cells1 is also admirably adapt$ to receive ! little egg & to conc5trate ! heat necess>y = its incubation4 ,ea* obtuse angle ( ! loz5ges or rhombs =ms an angle ( ab\t #aaj1 & ea* acute "o1 an angle ( ab\t #gj4 ,m4 ,m>aldi f\nd by m5suration t ! angles ( ^! rhombs :i* compose ! base ( a cell1 am\nt$ to #aji #bh & #gj #cb2 & ! fam\s ma!matician ,knig1 pupil ( ! celebrat$ ,b]n\illi1 hav+ be5 employ$ = t purpose by ,m4 ,reaumur1 has cle>ly %[n1 by ! me?od ( inf9itesimals1 t ! quantity ( ^! angles1 us+ ! lea/ possible wax1 9 a cell ( ! same capacity1 %\ld conta9 #aji #bf & #gj #cd4 ,?is 0 confirm$ by ! celebrat$ ,mr4 ,mc,laurin1 :o v ju/ly obs]ves1 t ! bees d truly con/ruct _! cells ( ! be/ figure1 & ) ! utmo/ ma!matical exactness4 ,! con/ruction ( sev]al combs is g5]ally go+ on at ! same "t4 ,no soon] is ! f\ndation ( "o laid1 ) a few r[s ( cells atta*$ to x1 ?an a second & a ?ird are f\nd$ on ea* side1 p>allel to ! fir/1 & s on1 7if ! season give enc\ragem5t to ! op]ations ( ! bees17 till ! hive is fill$ ) _! works2 ! fir/ con/ruct$ comb or combs be+ always 9 ! mo/ advanc$ /ate1 & !re=e ! fir/ to be complet$4 ,! design ( e comb is sket*$ out1 & ! fir/ rudim5ts are laid1 by "o s+le bee4 ,?is f\nd]-bee =ms a block1 out ( a r\gh mass ( wax1 drawn p>tly f its own res\rces1 b pr9cipally f ^? ( o!r bees1 :i* furni% mat]ials1 9 quick succession1 f ! receptacles "u _! bellies1 tak+ out ! plates ( wax ) _! h9d feet1 & c>ry+ !m to _! m\?s ) _! =e-feet1 :]e ! wax is moi/5$ & ma/icat$1 till x becomes s(t & ductile4 ,?us1 filt]'d ?r\gh yon flutt]]'s fold$ mail1 ,cl+s ! cool'd wax1 & h>d5s to a scale4 ,swift1 at ! well-kn[n call1 ! ready tra9 7,= n a buz boon ,nature brea!s 9 va917 ,spr+ to ea* fall+ flake1 & be> along ,_! glossy burd5s to ! build] ?rong4 ,evans4 ,! ar*itect-9-*ief1 :o lays1 z x 71 ! fir/ /one ( ?is & ea* successive edifice1 det]m9es ! relative position ( ! combs1 & _! di/ances f ea* o!r3 ^! f\ndations s]ve z guides = ! ult]ior lab\rs ( ! wax-work+ bees1 & ( ^? :i* sculpture ! cells1 giv+ !m ! advantage ( ! m>g9 & angles already =m$4 ,! exp$i5ts resort$ to by t +5i\s naturali/1 ,hub]1 unfold$ ! :ole process4 ,he saw ea* bee extract ) its h9d feet "o ( ! plates ( wax f "u ! scales :]e !y 7 lodg$1 & c>ry+ x to ! m\?1 9 a v]tical position1 turn x r\nd2 s t e "p ( its bord] 0 made to pass1 9 succession1 "u ! cutt+ edge ( ! jaws3 x 0 ?us soon divid$ into v small fragm5ts2 & a fro?y liquor 0 p\r$ ^u x f ! tongue1 s z to =m a p]fectly pla/ic mass4 ,?is liquor gave ! wax a :it5ess & opacity :i* x did n possess orig9ally1 & at ! same "t r5d]$ x t5aci\s & ductile4 ,! issu+ ( ?is ma/icat$ mass f ! m\? 01 no d\bt1 :at misl$ ,reaumur1 & caus$ him to reg>d wax z no?+ m ?an dige/$ poll54 ,! mass ( wax1 prep>$ by ! assi/ants1 is appli$ by ! ar*itect-bee to ! ro( or bottom ( ! hive1 z ! case may be2 & ?us a block is rais$ ( a semi-l5ticul> %ape1 ?ick at top & tap]+ t[>ds ! edges4 ,:5 ( suffici5t size1 a cell is sculptur$ on "o side ( x1 by ! wax-work+ bees1 :o relieve "o ano!r 9 succession1 sometimes to ! numb] ( tw5ty1 be=e ! cell is completely fa%ion$4 ,at ! back & on ea* side ( ?is fir/ cell1 two o!rs are sket*$ out & excavat$4 ,by ?is proce$+ ! f\ndations ( two cells are laid1 ! l9e betwixt !m correspond+ ) ! c5tre ( ! opposite cell4 ,z ! comb ext5ds1 ! fir/ excavations are r5d]$ deep] & broad]2 & :5 a pyramidal base is f9i%$1 ! bees build up walls f its edges1 s z to complete1 :at may be call$1 ! prismatic "p ( ! cell4 ,e succe$+ r[ ( cells is =m$ by precisely simil> /eps1 until !re is suffici5t scope = ! simultane\s employm5t ( _m work]s4 ,^!1 ) %>p sickle1 or ) %>p] too?1 ,p>e ea* excresc5ce1 & ea* angle smoo?1 ,till n[1 9 f9i%'d pride1 two radiant r[s1 ,( sn[-:ite cells1 "o mutual base disclose4 ,six %9+ pannels gird ea* poli%'d r\nd4 ,! door's f9e rim1 ) wax5 fillet b\nd1 ,:ile walls s ?91 ) si/] walls comb9'd4 ,weak 9 !mselves1 a sure dep5d5ce f9d4 ,evans4 ,! pyramidal bases & lat]al plates are successively =m$1 ) surpris+ rapidity3 ! latt] are l5g!n$ z ! comb proce$s1 = ! orig9al semi-l5ticul> =m is pres]v$ till t[>ds ! la/1 :5 if ! hive or box be fill$1 ! sides ( all ! cells receive su* additions z give !m equal dep?4 ,! cells int5d$ = ! drones are consid]ably l>g]1 & m sub/antial1 ?an ^? = ! work+ bees1 &1 be+ lat] =m$1 usually appe> ne> ! bottom ( ! combs4 ,la/ ( all are built ! royal cells1 ! cradles ( ! infant que5s3 ( ^! !re are usually ?ree or f\r1 & sometimes t5 or twelve1 9 a hive1 atta*$ commonly to ! c5tral "p1 b n unfrequ5tly to ! edge or side ( ! comb4 ,mr4 ,hunt] says t he has se5 z _m z ?irte5 royal cells 9 a hive1 & t !y h v little wax 9 _! composition1 n "o-?ird1 ! re/ he conceives to be f>9a4 ,su* is ! g5u9e loyalty ( bees1 t ! wax :i* !y employ ) s mu* geometric conomy1 9 ! con/ruction ( hexagonal cells1 is pr(usely exp5d$ on ! mansions ( ! royal bee-nymph1 "o ( ^! exce$+ 9 weight a hundr$ ( ! =m]4 ,!y are n int]wov5 ) !m1 b susp5d$ p]p5dicul>ly1 _! sides be+ ne>ly p>allel to ! m\?s ( ! common cells1 sev]al ( :i* are sacrific$ to support !m4 ,no m ) w>y ?rift9ess impre/1 ,!y grace ) lavi% pomp _! royal gue/1 ,nor he$ ! wa/$ wax1 nor rift$ cell4 ,to bid1 ) frett$ r\nd1 ?' imp]ial palace swell4 ,evans4 ,! =m ( ^! royal cells is an oblong sph]oid1 tap]+ gradually d[nw>ds1 & hav+ ! ext]ior full ( holes1 some:at resembl+ ! ru/ic "w ( /one build+s4 ,! m\? ( ! cell1 :i* is always at its bottom1 rema9s op5 till ! maggot is ready = trans=mation1 & is !n clos$ z ! o!rs are4 ,imm$iately on ! em]g5ce ( a rip5$ que51 ! lodge :i* %e inhabit$ is de/roy$1 & its place is suppli$ by a range ( common cells4 ,! site ( ?is range may always be trac$1 by t "p ( ! comb be+ ?ick] ?an ! re/1 & =m+ a k9d ( knot2 sometimes ! upp] portion ( ! cell itself rema9s1 l an inv]t$ acorn-cup1 susp5d$ by its %ort p$uncle4 ,yet no fond dupes to slavi% zeal resign'd1 ,!y l9k ) indu/ry ! loyal m9d4 ,fl[n is ea* vagrant *ief8 ,!y raze ! dome1 ,t b5t oppressive o'er ! fett]'d comb1 ,& on its knott$ base fre% gam]s raise4 ,:]e toil secure h] well-e>n'd treasure lays4 ,evans4 ,9 ?is mutilat$ /ate only1 & n 9 ! bre$+ season1 c\ld ,mr4 ,hunt] h se5 ?is cradle ( royalty2 = he describes x z ! half ( an oval1 too wide & %all[ to receive its suppos$ t5ant4 ,! foll[+ sket* af=ds2 a repres5tation ( ! hexagonal cells ( a comb1 & also ! atta*m5t ( ! royal cradles4 ,illu/ration ,i h spok5 ( ! p]fect regul>ity 9 ! cell-"w ( a honey-comb2--p>ticul> circum/ances1 h[ev]1 induce a dep>ture f ?is exactness3 = in/ance1 :]e bees h comm5c$ a comb ) small cell-"w1 & aft]w>ds wi% to atta* to x a set ( l>ge cells1 z 9 ! case ( drone-cells be+ requir$ to be app5d$ to work]s-cells4 ,^! deviations f ! usual regul>ity r5ew our admiration ( bee-+5uity1 ?\gh ,reaumur & ,bonnet h reg>d$ !m z examples ( imp]fection4 ,!y effect _! object by int]pos+ ?ree or f\r s]ies (1 :at may be call$1 cells ( transition1 ! bottoms or bases ( :i* are compos$ ( two rhombs & two hexagons1 in/ead ( ?ree rhombs2 ! rhombs & hexagons gradually v>y+ 9 =m & relative proportion1 till ! requisite size1 namely t ( ! cells :i* !y are approa*+1 has be5 atta9$4 ,! foll[+ outl9es w s]ve to convey to ! read] ! regul> /eps 9 ?is progressive increase4 ,illu/ration ,! same gradation is obs]v$ :5 return+ to small] cells4 ,e app>5t irregul>ity is !re=e det]m9$ by a suffici5t motive1 & =ms no impea*m5t ( ! sagacity ( ! bee4 ,! common bre$+-cells ( drones or work]s are1 occasionally1 7aft] be+ clean$17 made ! depositories ( honey2 b ! cells are nev] made s clean1 z to pres]ve ! honey undet]iorat$4 ,! f9e/ honey is /or$ 9 new cells1 con/ruct$ = ! purpose ( receiv+ x1 _! configuration resembl+ precisely ! common bre$+-cells3 ^! honey-cells v>y 9 size1 be+ made m or less capaci\s1 accord+ to ! productiv5ess ( ! s\rces f :i* ! bees are collect+1 & accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>3 ! cells =m$ 9 ,july & ,augu/ v>y 9 _! dim5sions f ^? t are =m$ e>li]2 be+ int5d$ = honey only1 !y are l>g] & deep]1 ! texture ( _! walls is ?9n]1 & !y h m dip or incl9ation3 ?is dip dim9i%es ! risk ( ! honey's runn+ out1 :i* f ! heat ( ! wea!r1 & ! consequ5t ?9ness ( ! honey1 at ?is season ( ! ye>1 x might o!rwise be liable to d4 ,:5 ! cells1 int5d$ = hold+ ! w9t]'s provision1 are fill$1 !y are always clos$ ) wax5 lids1 & nev] re-op5$ till ! :ole ( ! honey 9 ! unfill$ cells has be5 exp5d$4 ,! wax5 lids are ?us =m$2--,! bees fir/ con/ruct a r+ ( wax )9 ! v]ge ( ! cell1 to :i* o!r r+s are successively add$1 till ! ap]ture ( ! cell is f9ally clos$ ) a lid compos$ ( conc5tric circles4 ,! brood-cells1 :5 _! t5ants h atta9$ a c]ta9 age1 are also cov]$ ) wax5 lids1 l ! honey-cells2 ! lids diff] a little1 ! latt] be+ some:at concave1 ! =m] convex4 ,! dep? ( ! brood-cells ( drones & work+ bees is ab\t half an in*2 _! diamet] is m exact1 t ( ! drone-cells be+ #c l9es,,aa1 t ( ! work]s #b l9es4 ,^!1 says ,reaumur1 are ! inv>iable dim5sions ( all ! cells1 t ev] 71 or ev] w be made4 ,footnote ,,aa3 ,a l9e is ! twelf? "p ( an in*4 ,f ?is uni=m1 unv>y+ diamet] ( ! brood-cells1 :5 complet$1 _! use has be5 sugge/$1 z an univ]sal /&>d ( measure1 :i* w\ld be und]/ood1 9 all c\ntries1 to ! end ( "t4 ,:ile heav'n-born ,in/9ct b\nds _! measur'd view1 ,f age to age1 f ,zembla to ,p]u1 ,_! sn[-:ite cells1 ! ord]'d arti/s frame1 ,9 size1 9 =m1 9 symmetry ! same4 ,evans4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,,an ,,inquiry ,,into ,,! ,,s\rce ,,& ,,nature ,,( ,,bees-,,wax4 ,x has long be5 v g5]ally & implicitly believ$1 t ! yell[ matt] 79 o!r words1 ! poll5 or f>9a ( fl[]s17 :i* bees visibly collect ^u _! ?ighs1 is ! prime con/itu5t ( wax1 ! mat]ial ( ! honey-comb4 ,ev5 ,bonnet & ,reaumur 7 ( ?is op9ion4 ,burl]1 ,pur*as1 ,rusd5 & ,?orley h argu$ aga9/ its id5tity ) wax2 & ,i tru/ t ! obs]vations & exp]im5ts :i* ,i am ab\t to detail1 w conv9ce ! dispassionate inquir] ( ! fallacy ( ?is old op9ion4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,x is to be obs]v$1 t :]e no m comb c be built1 z 9 old hives1 ! bees c>ry 9 ! greate/ quantity ( ?is yell[ matt]4 ,secondly1 ,t x diff]s mat]ially f wax1 ! latt] :5 exam9$ betwe5 ! f+]s be+ adhesive1 ! =m] crumbly2 ! latt] also liquefy+ on ! application ( heat1 :il/ ! =m] burns to a%es4 ,?irdly1 ,t ! wax ( new combs1 f :atev] s\rce collect$1 is uni=mly :ite2 :]eas ! f>9a1 z ga!r$ by ! bees1 is always black1 yell[1 or r$1 agree+ 9 col\r ) ! an!r-du/ ( ! fl[]s 9 blossom at ! "t ( its collection4 ,moreov]1 ! f>9a1 aft] x has be5 /or$ 9 ! cells1 reta9s its orig9al col\r1 :il/ wax inv>iably *anges1 fir/ to a yell[1 & la/ly to a blacki% t9t4 ,lay]s ( diff]5t-col\r$ f>9a are g5]ally f\nd 9 ! cells1 if slit d[n2 & e hive1 at ! season ( deprivation1 possesses a /ore ( x4 ,f\r?ly1 ,t fre% colonies c>ry 9 v little1 if any1 ( ?is matt]1 = "s days aft] sw>m+1 ?\gh combs are =m$ )9 t p]iod4 ,i notic$ ?is fact 9 my fir/ colony3 ! sw>m issu$ f ! p>5t hive on ! #ah? ( ,may2--five days ( ra9y wea!r succe$$3 dur+ ?is p]iod ! bees 7 prev5t$ f fly+ abroad2 ,i f$ !m nightly ) sug>$ ale1 & be=e ! return ( f9e wea!r a consid]able quantity ( comb 0 =m$4 ,n[ except+ su* mat]ials z ! bees might h br\ght ) !m f ! p>5t hive1 9 ?is case1 ! sug>$ ale alone mu/ h be5 ! s\rce ( ! wax4 ,hui% has rem>k$ t unless bees h access to wat]1 & also to sug> or honey1 no comb c be =m$4 ,aga91 x may be obs]v$1 t ^u ! /orify+ plan1 :5 fre% works are comm5c$ 9 ! duplets or triplets1 if ! f>9a 7 ! basis ( ! combs1 an increas$ quantity %\ld be c>ri$ 94 ,on ! contr>y1 ?\gh ,i h wat*$ ! bees v m9utely on ^! occasions1 ,i sc>cely ev] witness$ ! introduction ( f>9a2 & 9 su* r>e in/ances z ,i did obs]ve x1 x might fairly be reg>d$ z food = ! "y l>v ( ! bees conta9$ 9 ! full box or boxes4 ,no pe>ly loads !y be>2 b o'er ! field ,r\nd fl[] & fruit ! li! proboscis wield4 ,f meal-tipp'd an!rs /eal ! lacqu]'d cr[n1 ,& bru% f r9d or leaf ! silv]y d[n4 ,nay (t1 :5 ?reat5'd /orms or drizzl+ ra94 ,close 9 _! walls1 ?' impati5t ho/s deta91 ,e'en f ! yell[ ho>d's nect>e\s rill1 ,_! tubes sec]n+ c a /ream di/il1 ,cle> & unt9ctur'd z ! f\nta9 wave1 ,t glides1 sl[ trickl+1 ?ro' ! crevic'd cave4 ,b1 z t well+ wave1 ar\nd ! /one1 ,9 r+s conc5tric1 wrea!s its sp>ry zone4 ,s filt]'d ?ro' yon flutt]]'s fold$ mail4 ,cl+s ! cool'd wax1 & h>d5s to a scale4 ,evans4 ,! obs]vations ( ,mr4 ,john ,hunt] t5d$ to confirm ?is view ( ! matt]2 /ill m s1 ^? ( ,m4 ,hub] & ,son4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e ! po9t ) great] precision1 ,hub] in/itut$ _m exp]im5ts4 ,he lodg$ a rec5t sw>m 9 a /raw-hive1 leav+ at its disposal only a suffici5cy ( honey & wat] = its consumption1 & prev5t+ x f go+ beyond ! prec9cts ( a room1 s clos$ z to admit only a r5ewal ( ! air4 ,at ! end ( five days z _m cakes ( beautifully :ite1 ?\gh v fragile wax1 7 susp5d$ f ! ro(2 ! honey _h totally disappe>$4 ,/ill h[ev]1 z !re 0 a possibility t ! ?ighs & /oma*s ( ! bees might h convey$ poll5 f ! p>5t hive1 he )drew ^! five combs1 & replac$ ! bees 9 ! hive ) a fre% supply ( honey & wat]2 !y r5ew$ _! toil ) unabat$ indu/ry1 & soon fabricat$ new combs3 ^! la/ 7 tak5 f !m2 :5 ! pati5t & indefatigable insects comm5c$ a ?ird /ructure ( comb4 ,five times 9 succession 7 _! works ?us complet$ & remov$1 al?\gh dur+ ! :ole ( ?is p]iod !y 7 f$ m]ely ) honey & wat]1 & c\ld n possibly h _h access to f>9a4 ,^! exp]im5ts1 s uni=m 9 _! results1 give indubitable validity to ! fact1--t honey1 ?r\gh ! organic int]v5tion ( bees1 may be conv]t$ into wax4 ,a contr>y exp]im5t 0 made1 by abundantly supply+ a hive ) fruit & poll5 only3 b dur+ eight days conf9em5t ! bees produc$ no wax :atev]1 nor exhibit$ any plates "u _! abdom9al r+s2 no combs 7 =m$1 nor 0 an atom ( f>9a t\*$1--a cle> pro( t f>9a supplies nei!r wax nor su/5ance to adult bees4 ,! improbability ( ?is inde$ is ev9c$ by its abundance 9 hives ^: t5ants h di$ ( fam9e4 ,& z to its be+ ! con/itu5t ( wax1 ,reaumur calculat$ t a well /ock$ hive might collect at lea/ #ajj p\nds ( poll5 9 a season1 :]eas ! weight ( wax fabricat$ 9 ! same "t w\ld n exce$ two p\nds4 ,exp]im5ts h prov$ ! excell5ce ( sug> z a sub/itute = honey1 & 9 "s in/ances its sup]iority = ! =mation ( wax4 ,x might o!rwise h be5 suppos$ t bees might =m comb f "s p>ticles ( wax accid5tally pres5t 9 ! honey1 & t ^! af=d$ ! pabulum = ?is secretion4 ,to prove !re=e t ! sac*>9e pr9ciple alone enabl$ ! bees to produce wax1 be+ /ill conf9$1 !y 7 suppli$ ) a syrup made ) ,can>y-sug> & wat]1 & at ! same "t comp>ative exp]im5ts 7 made 9 ano!r hive1 :]e ! bees 7 f$ on honey & wat]4 ,! syrup-f$ bees produc$ wax soon] & m abundantly ?an ! honey-f$ bees4 ,ano!r fact 0 also incontrov]tibly elicit$2 namely1 t 9 ! old hives ! honey is w>eh\s$1 & t 9 ! new ones x is consum$ & transmut$ into wax4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,hub] h be5 confirm$ by ^? ( ,m4 ,blondelu1 ( ,noyau1 :o address$ a memoir ^u ?is subject to ! ,society ( ,agriculture at ,p>is1 9 ,may #ahab4 ,hui% has critically exam9$ ^! exp]im5ts ( ,hub]1 b )\t be+ conv9c$ by !m3 = hav+ obs]v$ poll5 on ! ?ighs ( bees :5 sw>m+1 & ^u dissection1 9 _! /oma*s also1 he consid]s t poll51 elaborat$ 9 ! second /oma* ( ! bee1 conta9s 9 itself ! pr9ciple ( wax4 ,7 ?is ! case1 :at a /ore ( poll5 mu/ ! bees h res]v$1 9 ,hub]'s exp]im5ts1 :]e9 !y =m$ five successive sets ( comb1 )\t access to fre% poll56 ,! poll5 or bee-bread1 :i* ,hui% discov]$ on ! ?ighs & 9 ! /oma*s ( "s ( 8 bees1 0 mo/ likely int5d$ = l>va-food2 !y 7 probably bees t _h be5 abroad1 & jo9$ ! sw>m on _! passage home1 be=e !y _h deposit$ _! freight 9 ! p>5t hive4 ,) ?is poll5 7or ambrosia1 z x has be5 call$71 aft] conv]sion into a sort ( :iti% jelly by ! action ( ! bee's /oma*1 :]e x is probably mix$ ) honey1 & !n regurgitat$1 ! "y brood1 imm$iately ^u _! exclusion & until _! *ange into nymphs1 are f$ by ! nurs+-bees sev]al times a day4 ,! op9ion t poll5 is ! prime con/itu5t ( wax 0 held by ,buffon1 & rema9s uncontradict$ 9 an edition ( 8 ,works s late z #ahba4 ,ar?ur ,dobbs1 ,esq41 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions = #ageb1 in/ead ( consid]+ wax z dige/$ poll5 dis*>g$ f ! /oma* ( ! bee1 reg>ds x z be+ emitt$ p] annum2 & z he speaks ( its dis*>ge 9 husks or %ells1 d\btless he saw x 9 t =m1 :i* x is n[ kn[n to assume :5 m\ld$ ^u ! body ( ! bee4 ,inde$ he says t he has _h sw>m+ bees alight ^u 8 h&1 & drop w>m wax ^u x4 ,its be+ secret$ only by ! "u side ( ! belly might easily deceive1 & lead him to reg>d x z alv9e excrem5t4 ,i w "h subjo9 "s m pro(s ( ! non-id5tity ( wax & poll54 ,s long ago z #agfh1 ! ,lusatian ,society 7call$ ,socit des ,abeilles1 f\nd$ at little ,bautz51 a village 9 ,upp] ,lusatia1 "u ! auspices ( ! ,elector ( ,saxony17 knew t wax 0 n dis*>g$ f ! m\?s ( bees1 b 0 secret$ 9 ?9 scales among _! abdom9al r+s or segm5ts4 ,ab\t #aggd1 ,mr4 ,?orley caught a bee j ent]+ its hive1 & f\nd1 among ! plaits ( its belly1 no less ?an six pieces or scales ( solid wax1 p]fectly :ite & transp>5t1 & he (t5times saw wax 9 ! same situation4 ,m4 ,du*et1 9 8 ,culture des ,abeilles1 quot$ by ,wildman 9 #aggh1 decl>es t wax is =m$ ( honey2 & relates 9 pro( ( x1 t he has se5 a brok5 comb ( an ov]set hive1 :i* 0 repair$ dur+ bad wea!r1 :5 ! bees c\ld n acquire any o!r mat]ial4 ,?is /atem5t ( ,du*et corresponds ) my own obs]vation1 z /at$ 9 page #ceg1 b is n s conclusive4 ,9 ,du*et's in/ance !re might h be5 o!r mat]ials 9 ! hive besides honey2 :]eas 9 my case ! bees _h access to no mat]ials :atev]1 except+ ! sug>$ ale & ! honey :i* !y _h convey$ f ! p>5t hive1 ! sw>m hav+ be5 j hiv$4 ,wildman1 9 8 ,treatise on ! ,managem5t ( ,bees1 /ates 8 hav+ se5 pieces ( wax1 l fi% scales1 on ! hive floor ( a fre% sw>m$ colony1 "p ( :i* he ?9ks mu/ at lea/ h be5 =m$ ^u ! body ( ! bee2 "s flakes might h fall5 f ! combs !n con/ruct+1 b !re 7 _m pieces among !m :i* 7 concave on "o side & convex on ! o!r1 z if m\ld$ on ! insect's belly4 ,flakes 7 likewise se51 hang+ loose1 betwe5 ! abdom9al scales ( ! bees4 ,9 #agib1 ,mr4 ,john ,hunt]1 app>5tly unacqua9t$ ) antec$5t conjectures1 detect$ ! g5u9e res]voir ( wax "u ! bee's belly4 ,he consid]$ wax z an ext]nal secretion ( oil1 =m$ & m\ld$ betwe5 ! abdom9al scales ( ! insect4 ,dr4 ,evans confirms ! te/imony ( ,wildman & ,hunt]1 hav+ be5 an eye-witness to ! =mation ( wax into flakes4 ,"o or m bees1 he rem>ks1 may be (t5 se5 be=e ! door ( ! hive1 support+ !mselves by _! two =e-feet1 flutt]+ _! w+s1 & agitat+ ! h9d p>ts ( _! bodies4 ,!y are !n evid5tly m\ld+ ! wax betwe5 _! abdom9al scales1 ! motion ( ! w+s s]v+ to pres]ve _! balance1 & z a signal = _! companions )9 to come & c>ry (f ! fall+ flakes4 ,9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions = #ahjg1 ,mr4 ,knight /ates t !re is no su* secretory process2 t ! wax is laid on ! scales ( ! abdom5 = ! conv5i5ce ( c>riage1 & to receive w>m? prep>atory to cell-build+4 ,to complete ! evid5ce h[ev]1 to me s irresi/ible1 9 fav\r ( ! wax-secret+ faculty ( ! bee's body1 ,i obs]ve f9ally1 t 9 #agic1 ,m4 ,hub]'s obs]vations l$ him to ! same conclusion z ,mr4 ,hunt]'s1 relative to ! nature ( ! lam9 "u ! abdom9al scales3 b ,hub] slumb]$ n !re1 he prosecut$ ! inquiry m successfully ?an any prec$+ naturali/1 & at l5g? demon/rat$ ! secret+ organs :i* _h elud$ ! scrut9y ( ,swamm]dam1 ,hunt]1 & o!r acute anatomi/s4 ,he f\nd t ^! lam9 7 conta9$ 9 di/9ct receptacles1 on ea* side ( ! middle process ( ! scales2 he exam9$ ) great c>e ! =m & /ructure ( ^! secret+ cavities1 :i* are peculi> to work+ bees4 ,ea* work+ bee has eight ( ^! organs1 sacklets or small comp>tm5ts4 ,_! g5]al %ape is an irregul> p5tagon1 & ! plates ( wax1 be+ m\ld$ 9 !m1 exhibit accord+ly ! same =m4 ,a p]=ation ( _! l9+ membrane on ! side next to ! abdom51 />t$ a jet ( transp>5t fluid1 :i* congeal$ on cool+2 9 ?is /ate x resembl$ wax1 & became aga9 fluid on ! application ( heat4 ,comp>ative exp]im5ts 7 made ) ! sub/ance conta9$ 9 ! p\*es & ) ! wax ( fre% combs3 a great simil>ity betwe5 ^! two sub/ances 0 disc]n$2 ! latt] appe>$ some:at m comp\nd1 hav+ probably receiv$ "s additional +r$i5t1 :ile employ$ z ! mat]ial = build+4 ,! secret+ function ( ! membrane on ! inn] surface ( ^! cavities1 0 fur!r ev9c$1 by a m m9ute exam9ation ( its /ructure1 :i* exhibit$ a numb] ( folds1 =m+ an hexagonal net-"w1 analog\s to ! inn] coat ( ! second /oma* ( rum9at+ quadrup$s4 ,hub] does n appe> to h kn[n ! obs]vations ei!r ( ,du*et or ( ,wildman on ?is subject1 al?\gh !y 7 made long prior to ,mr4 ,hunt]'s2 = he quotes only f ! latt]4 ,:5 combs are want$1 bees fill _! crops ) honey1 & reta9+ x 9 !m1 hang toge!r 9 a clu/] f ! top ( ! hive1 & rema9 inactive ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! wax is secret$1 & may be se5 9 lam91 "u ! abdom9al scales1 :5ce x is remov$ by ! h9d legs ( ! bee1 & transf]r$ to ! =e legs2 f !m x is tak5 by ! jaws1 & aft] be+ ma/icat$ z describ$ 9 ,*ap1 ,,xxxiv1 page #cdg1 ! fabrication ( comb comm5ces4 ,to see ! wax-pockets 9 ! hive-bee1 y mu/ press ! abdom51 s z to cause its di/5tion2 y w !n f9d1 on ea* ( ! f\r int]m$iate v5tral segm5ts1 sep>at$ by ! c>9a or elevat$ c5tral "p1 two trapezi=m :iti% pockets1 ( a s(t membranace\s texture3 on ^! ! lam9 ( wax are =m$1 9 diff]5t /ates1 m or less p]ceptible,,ab4 ,footnote ,,ab3 ,kirby & ,sp5ce4 ,messrs4 ,hub] & ,son asc]ta9$ t ! (fice ( collect+ honey1 = ! elaboration ( wax1 is fill$ by a p>ticul> description ( bees or lab\r]s1 to :i* !y h giv5 ! "n ( wax-work]s4 ,^! bees are susceptible ( an increase 9 size1 z is evid5t f ! /ate ( _! /oma*s1 :5 q full ( honey4 ,dissection has %[n t _! /oma*s are m capaci\s ?an ^? ( ! bees t are diff]5tly occupi$4 ,bees n possess$ ( ?is exp&+ /oma*1 ga!r no m honey ?an is necess>y to supply ! imm$iate wants ( !mselves & _! companions1 ) :om !y readily %>e x3 ^! are call$ nurs+-bees1 _! pr9cipal duty be+ to att5d ! eggs & l>v4 ,! task ( /or+ ! hive ) provisions devolves ^u ! wax-work]s1 :o1 :5 n occupi$ 9 ! con/ruction ( comb1 disgorge _! honey into ^? cells :i* are int5d$ = its reception4 ,by m>k+ ! bees1 x 0 f\nd t !y nev] encroa*$ ^u ea* o!r's employm5t3 ?is /rict adju/m5t ( duty is ! m rem>kable1 s9ce ! p[] ( produc+ wax is common bo? to ! nurs+- & wax-work+ bees1 a small quantity ( wax be+ really f\nd 9 ! receptacles ( ! nurs+-bees4 ,9 ! =ego+ exp]im5ts = asc]ta9+ ! s\rces ( wax1 ! bees _h borne _! conf9em5t )\t ev9c+ ! lea/ impati5ce2 b on ano!r occasion1 :5 %ut up ) a brood ( eggs & l>v1 & )\t poll51 ?\gh honey 0 copi\sly suppli$1 !y manife/$ uneas9ess & rage at _! imprisonm5t4 ,fe>+ ! consequ5ce ( ?is /ate ( tumult be+ prolong$1 ,hub] all[$ !m to escape 9 ! ev5+1 :5 too late to collect provisions2 ! bees soon return$ home4 ,at ! end ( five days1 dur+ :i* ?is exp]im5t 0 tri$1 ! hive 0 exam9$3--! l>v _h p]i%$1 & ! jelly t surr\nd$ !m on _! introduction into ! hive _h disappe>$4 ,! same bees 7 !n suppli$ ) a fre% brood1 toge!r ) "s comb conta9+ poll53 v diff]5t inde$ 0 _! behavi\r ) ?is outfit2 !y eag]ly seiz$ ! poll5 & convey$ x to ! "y2 ord] & prosp]ity 7 re-e/abli%$ 9 ! colony2 ! l>v und]w5t ! usual trans=mations2 royal cells 7 complet$ & clos$ ) wax1 & ! bees %[$ no desire to quit _! habitation4 ,^! exp]im5ts af=d indisputable evid5ce ( ! orig9 ( wax & ! de/9ation ( poll54 ,?\gh ! wax ( honey & brood-comb be an orig9al secretion f ! body ( ! bee1 wax is also consid]$ by "s z a vegetable sub/ance exi/+ abundantly 9 nature4 ,accord+ to ,pr\/1 x =ms ! silv]y d[n on ! leaves1 fl[]s & fruit ( _m plants1 & resides likewise 9 ! fecul ( o!rs4 ,dr4 ,d>w91 9 8 ,phytologia1 supposes t wax is secret$ to glaze ov] ! fecundat+ du/ ( ! an!rs1 & prev5t its premature explosion f excessive moi/ure3 to an unseasonable disp]sion ( an!r-du/ he ascribes ! failure ( or*>d & corn crops 9 summ]s ( extreme humidity4 ,! wax-tree ( ,l\isiana,,ac 7,myrica c]if]a7 conta9s imm5se quantities ( wax4 ,9 ?is respect !re appe>s an id5tity betwixt animal & vegetable secretion1 :i* may be view$ z indicative ( simplicity 9 ! /ructure ( ! bee3 a /ill simpl] organization exi/s 9 ! aphis1 :i* extracts ! sac*>9e juices f ! leaves & b>k ( trees1 & expels !m aga9 ne>ly un*ang$,,ad4 ,footnote ,,ac3 ,vide ,"p ,i4 ,*ap4 #bh4 ,footnote ,,ad3 ,vide ,"p ,i4 ,*ap4 #e4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,,poll54 ,poll5 & ,f>9a1 9 ! language ( ,botani/s1 are t]ms appli$ to ! p[d]y p>ticles dis*>g$ by ! an!rs ( fl[]s 9 w>m dry wea!r1 & :i* hang ab\t ! /am9a4 ,! col\r1 z well z ! /ructure ( poll51 v>ies 9 diff]5t plants4 ,its use1 9 fecundat+ ! g]m5s ( fl[]s1 is well kn[n3 ! s]vices ( bees1 t[>ds t end1 w be notic$ 9 a sep>ate *apt]4 ,! six? volume ( ! ,l9nan ,transactions conta9s an int]e/+ pap] ^u ?is sub/ance1 f ! p5 ( ,mr4 ,luke ,h[>d4 ,poll5 has a capsul> /ructure1 v>y+ its %ape 9 diff]5t fl[]s1 insomu* z to be a popul> object = ! microscope4 ,ea* gra9 consi/s commonly ( a membran\s bag1 :i*1 :5 x has come to maturity1 bur/s on ! application ( moi/ure3 ?is bur/+ is naturally effect$ by ! honey-l exudation ( ! /igma2 b if extrane\s moi/ure accompli% x prematurely1 ! poll5 is r5d]$ useless = ! purpose ( fructification4 ,:5ev] moi/5$1 ! bag explodes ) great =ce1 & dis*>ges a subtle vap\r or ess5ce1 :i*1 :5 releas$ by ! peculi> moi/ure ( ! /igma1 p]=ms effectually its f9al purpose4 ,?is sub/ance 0 once errone\sly suppos$ to be ! prime con/itu5t ( wax2 b ! exp]im5ts ( ,hunt] & ,hub] h prov$ t wax is a secretion f ! bodies ( wax-work+ bees,,ae1 & t ! pr9cipal purpose ( poll5 is to n\ri% ! embryo-bees2 7x has be5 call$ ! ambrosia ( ! hive74 ,hub] 0 ! fir/ :o sugge/$ ?is idea1 & x well accords ) :at we obs]ve among o!r p>ts ( ! animal k+dom2--birds1 = in/ance1 fe$ _! "y ) diff]5t food f :at !y take !mselves4 ,mr4 ,hunt] exam9$ ! /oma*s ( ! maggot-bees1 & f\nd f>9a 9 all1 b n a p>ticle ( honey 9 any ( !m4 ,hub] consid]s ! poll5 z und]go+ a peculi> elaboration 9 ! /oma*s ( ! nurs+-bees1 to be fitt$ = ! nutrim5t ( ! l>v4 ,footnote ,,ae3 ,vide ,*ap4 ,,xxxv4 ,9 spr+1 says ,dr4 ,evans1 :i* may be call$ ! bee's fir/ c>ry+ season1 sc>cely "o ( ! lab\r]s is se5 return+ to ! hive1 )\t a little ball or pellet ( f>9a1 on ea* ( its h9d] legs4 ,^! balls are inv>iably ( ! same col\r z ! an!r-du/ ( ! fl[]s !n 9 bloom1 ! diff]5t t9ts ( yell[1 z pale1 gre5i% or deep orange1 be+ mo/ preval5t4 ,! bees may frequ5tly be obs]v$ to roll _! bodies on ! fl[]1 & !n1 bru%+ (f ! poll5 :i* adh]es to !m1 ) _! feet1 =m x into two masses1 :i* !y dispose ( 9 ! usual way4 ,9 v dry wea!r1 :5 probably ! p>ticles ( poll5 _c be made to coh]e1 ,i h (t5 se5 !m return home s completely envelop$ by x1 z to give !m ! appe>ance ( a diff]5t species ( bee4 ,! an!r-du/1 ?us collect$1 is convey$ to ! int]ior ( ! hive1 & !re bru%$ (f by ! collector or h] companions4 ,reaumur & o!rs h obs]v$1 t bees pref] ! morn+ = collect+ ?is sub/ance1 mo/ probably t ! dew may assi/ !m 9 ! m\ld+ ( _! little balls4 ,i h se5 !m abroad1 says ,reaumur1 ga!r+ f>9a be=e x 0 light2 !y cont9ue ?us occupi$ till ab\t t5 o'clock4 ,bru%'d f ea* an!r's cr[n1 ! mealy gold4 ,) morn+ dew1 ! light fang'd arti/s m\ld4 ,fill ) ! foodful load _! holl['d ?igh1 ,& to _! nursl+s be> ! ri* supply4 ,evans4 ,?is is _! practice dur+ ! w>m] mon?s2 b 9 ,april & ,may1 & at ! settlem5t ( a rec5t sw>m1 !y c>ry poll5 ?r\gh\t ! day2 b ev5 9 ^! in/ances1 ! collection is made 9 places mo/ likely to furni% ! requisite moi/ure = m\ld+ ! pellets1 namely1 9 %ady & sometimes 9 v di/ant places4 ,:5 a bee has complet$ h] load+1 %e returns to ! hive1 "p ( h] c>go is in/antly dev\r$ by ! nurs+-bees1 to be regurgitat$ = ! use ( ! l>v1 & ano!r "p is /or$ 9 cells = future exig5cies1 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,! bee1 :ile seek+ a fit cell = h] freight1 makes a noise ) h] w+s1 z if to summon h] fell[-citiz5s r\nd h]2 %e !n fixes h] two middle & h] two h9d legs ^u ! edge ( ! cell :i* %e has select$1 & curv+ h] body1 seizes ! f>9a ) h] =e legs1 & makes x drop into ! cell3 ?us fre$ f h] bur!n1 %e hurries (f to collect aga94 ,ano!r bee imm$iately packs ! poll51 & kneads & works x d[n into ! bottom ( ! cell1 probably mix+ a little honey ) x1 judg+ f ! moi/ /ate 9 :i* %e leaves x2 an air-tight coat+ ( v>ni% f9i%es ?is /or+ ( poll54 ,f ! uni=m col\r ( ea* collection1 x is reasonable to suppose t ! bee nev] visits m ?an "o species ( fl[] on ! same j\rney2 ?is 0 ! op9ion ( ,ari/otle1 & ! g5]ality ( mod]n obs]v]s h confirm$ x4 ,reaumur1 h[ev]1 suppos$ t ! bee rang$ f fl[]s ( "o species to ^? ( ano!r indiscrim9ately4 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,dobbs1 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions = #ageb1 /ates t he has repeat$ly foll[$ bees :5 collect+ poll52 & t :atev] fl[]s !y fir/ alight$ ^u decid$ _! *oice = t excursion1 all o!r species be+ pass$ ov] unreg>d$3 ,butl] _h previ\sly ass]t$ ! same ?+4 ,"h we see ! op]ation ( a discrim9at+ in/9ct1 :i* 9 ! fir/ place leads ! insect to make an aggregation ( homog5e\s p>ticles1 :i* ( c\rse =m ! close/ cohesion2 & 9 ! next place prev5ts ! multiplication ( hybrid plants4 ,?is rem>k 0 made by ,spr5gel1 :o has confirm$ ! obs]vations ( ,dobbs1 ,butl]1 & o!rs4 ,! bees1 :i* ,reaumur obs]v$ to visit fl[]s ( diff]5t species1 might h be5 9 que/ ( honey z well z ( poll54 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,,propolis4 ,besides ! honey & poll5 :i* are ga!r$ by bees1 !y collect a res9\s sub/ance1 t is v t5aci\s1 semitransp>5t1 & :i* gives out a balsamic od\r1 some:at resembl+ t ( /orax4 ,9 ! mass1 x is ( a r$di% br[n col\r2 :5 brok51 its col\r approa*es t ( wax4 ,dissolv$ 9 _s ( w9e or oil ( turp5t9e1 x imp>ts1 z v>ni%1 a gold5 col\r to silv]1 t91 & o!r :ite poli%$ metals4 ,be+ suppos$ to possess m$ic9al virtue1 x 0 =m]ly kept 9 ! %op ( ! apo!c>y4 ,accord+ to ,vauquel91 propolis consi/s ( "o "p ( wax & f\r ( pure res92 9 :i* respect1 & 9 its yield+ ! same acid1 7! b5zoic17 x resembles balsam ,p]u4 ,x also conta9s "s aromatic pr9ciples4 ,) propolis1 bees atta* ! combs to ! ro( & sides ( _! dwell+1 /op crevices1 fa/5 ! hives or boxes to ! floors & ro(s1 /r5g!n ! weak places ( _! domicile1 & v>ni% ! cell-"w ( _! combs4 ,! *apt] on ,in/9cts details ! modes 9 :i* bees employ x = _! protection aga9/ intrud]s into _! hives4 ,f its be+ us$ = ! firm atta*m5t ( combs to ! ro(s ( hives1 x mu/ be ! fir/ matt] collect$ by a rec5t sw>m4 ,! t]m ,propolis is d]iv$ f ! ,greek1 & signifies 'be=e ! city1' bees hav+ be5 obs]v$ to make use ( x1 9 /r5g!n+ ! outworks ( _! city4 ,reaumur 0 unable to discov] its vegetable s\rce4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ to be ga!r$ f ! res9\s exudations ( ! popl>1 ald]1 bir*1 & will[2 accord+ to ,riem1 f p9es & o!r trees ( ! fir tribe2 ?\gh "s au?ors h alleg$ t bees c produce x :]e no su* trees are ne> !m1 & t turp5t9e & o!r res9s h be5 disreg>d$ :5 laid be=e !m4 ,a rec5t exp]im5t ( ,hub] has solv$ ?is "q3 he plant$ 9 spr+ "s bran*es ( ! wild popl>1 be=e ! leaves 7 develop$1 & plac$ !m 9 pots ne> 8 api>y3 ! bees alight+ on !m sep>at$ ! folds ( ! l>ge/ buds ) _! =ceps1 extract$ ! v>ni% 9 ?reads1 & load$ ) x1 fir/ "o ?igh & !n ! o!r2 = !y convey x l poll51 transf]r+ x by ! fir/ pair ( legs to ! second1 by :i* x is lodg$ 9 ! holl[ ( ! ?ird4 ,hub] exam9$ ! *emical prop]ties ( ?is v>ni%1 & id5tifi$ x ) ! propolis :i* fa/5s ! combs to ! hives4 ,) respect to ! abs5ce ( fir-trees1 c4 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! hives1 x is to be recollect$1 9 ! fir/ place1 t bees w fly ab\t ?ree miles 7"s say five17 = :at !y may want3 ,hub] ?9ks t ! radius ( ! circle !y trav]se does n exce$ half a league1 yet says t ! "q is undecid$4 ,9 ! second place1 t a balsamic & t5aci\s secretion is f\nd ^u ! buds ( sev]al plants & trees1 :i* are (t5 cr[d$ ) ^! insects2 su* = in/ance z ! tacamahac1 horse-*esnut1 & hollyhock4 ,dr4 ,evans says t he has be5 an eye-witness ( _! collect+ ! balsamic v>ni% :i* coats ! "y blossom buds ( ! hollyhock1 & has se5 !m re/ at lea/ t5 m9utes on ! same bud1 m\ld+ ! balsam ) _! =e-feet & transf]r+ x to ! h9d] legs1 z above /at$4 ,:5 f9ally m\ld$1 ! pellets ( propolis are ( a l5ticul> =m4 ,) m]ry hum ! ,will['s copse !y scale1 ,! fir's d>k pyramid1 or ,popl> pale1 ,scoop f ! ,ald]'s leaf its oozy flood1 ,or /rip ! ,*esnut's res9-coat$ bud1 ,skim ! light te> t tips ,n>cissus' ray4 ,or r\nd ! ,hollyhock's ho> fragrance play4 ,soon temp]'d to _! w ?r\gh eve's l[ beam1 ,& l9k'd 9 airy b&s ! visc\s /ream4 ,!y waft _! nut-br[n loads exult+ home1 ,t =m a fret-"w = ! future comb1 ,caulk e *9k :]e ru%+ w9ds may ro>1 ,& seal _! circl+ ramp>ts to ! floor4 ,evans4 ,z to ! bees refus+ res9\s sub/ances1 :5 pres5t$ to !m1 z sub/itutes = propolis1 ,mr4 ,knight has assur$ u1 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 t ?is is n ! fact2 z he _h se5 !m c>ry (f a composition ( wax & turp5t9e1 :i* _h be5 laid ov] ! decorticat$ p>ts ( 8 trees4 ,! bees bl5d ?is sub/ance ) wax 9 diff]5t proportions1 z occasion may require4 ,among ! anci5ts1 x bore diff]5t names1 accord+ to ! quantity ( wax x conta9$4 ,virgil made ?is di/9ction1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,m>t9 conceives t 8 n>cissi la*rym1 c]a cum qu--spiram5ta t5uia l9unt1--& glut51 all mean ! same ?+3 ?is is probably a mi/ake4 ,x seems mu* m likely t ,virgil %\ld mean metys1 pissoc]on & propolis1 ! ?ree names by :i* ,pl9y says t ! v>ieties ( propolis 7 di/+ui%$ 9 8 "t4 ,i h be=e allud$ to ! =tification ( ! weak places ( hives ) propolis4 ,m4 ,reaumur1 ^: hives consi/$ ( wood5 frames & panes ( glass1 wi%+ to put ?is tal5t ( ! bees to ! te/1 c>elessly fa/5$ ! glass ( a hive ) pap] & pa/e1 be=e putt+ 9 a sw>m2 ! bees soon discov]$ ! weakness ( 8 pa/e-"w1 & indignantly gnaw+ to pieces ?is feeble f5ce1 secur$ ! glass ) _! own cem5t4 ,i h already obs]v$1 t ! sage bee *ooses ! morn+ = collect+ poll51 on acc\nt ( ! dew's enabl+ h] to compress x bett]2 b1 z moi/ure w\ld r5d] propolis less coh]5t1 %e ga!rs ?is sub/ance :5 ! day is some:at advanc$1 & :5 ! w>m? ( ! sun has imp>t$ to x s(tness & pliancy4 ,^! qualities are h[ev] soon lo/1 aft] x has be5 deta*$ f ! secret+ surfaces1 & expos$ to ! oxyg5iz+ p[] ( ! air4 ,s rapid is ?is h>d5+ process1 t ! bees :i* /ore x1 (t5times f9d "s difficulty 9 te>+ x ) _! jaws f ! ?ighs ( its collectors4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,,importance ,,( ,,bees ,,to ,,! ,,fructification ,,( ,,fl[]s4 ,honey is reg>d$ by mod]n naturali/s z ( no o!r use to plants b to allure insects1 :i*1 by visit+ ! nect>ies ( _! fl[]s to procure x1 become in/rum5tal to _! f]tilization1 ei!r by scatt]+ ! du/ ( ! /am5s ^u ! /igmata ( ! same fl[]1 or by c>ry+ x f ^? :i* produce only male blossoms to ^? t be> female ones1 & !reby r5d]+ ! latt] f]tile4 ,no class ( insects r5d]s s mu* s]vice 9 ?is way z bees2 !y h h[ev] be5 accus$ ( injur+ vegetables1 9 ?ree ways3 #a/1 by purlo9+ = _! combs ! wax :i* def5ds ! prolific du/ ( ! an!rs f ra92 #bndly1 by c>ry+ (f ! du/ itself1 z food = _! "y l>v2 & #c;dly1 by dev\r+ ! honey ( ! nect>ies1 int5d$ to n\ri% ! vegetable organs ( fructification,,af4 ,footnote ,,af3 ,d>w9's ,phytologia4 ,9 def5ce ( 8 insect proteges1 ,dr4 ,evans has obs]v$3 ,fir/1 ,t ! proportion ( wax collect$ f ! an!rs is probably v trifl+1 x be+ s readily & abundantly obta9able f honey4 ,secondly1 ,t = any depr$ations committ$ on ! f>9a1 !y amply comp5sate1 by _! inadv]t5t yet provid5tial conveyance ( x1 on _! limbs & corslets1 to ! female organs ( monoeci\s or dioeci\s plants2 ^: impregnation mu/ o!rwise h dep5d$ on ! unc]ta9 w9ds4 ,?is is exemplifi$ 9 ! practice ( our g>d5]s1 :o 9 e>ly spr+1 be=e !y d>e expose _! hotb$s to ! op5 air1 & consequ5tly to ! access ( insects1 insure ! f]tility ( ! cucumb]s & melons1 by %ak+ a male blossom ov] ea* female fl[]4 ,= ! same purpose1 & ) ! same success1 a g5tleman 9 ,%rop%ire sub/itutes a male blossom1 9 place ( ! female "o1 at ! top ( 8 embryo cucumb]1 :i* in/antly adh]es1 & falls (f 9 due "t4 ,to ! same k9d intrusion ( insects we owe ! numb]less new sorts ( escul5ts & endless v>ieties ( fl[]s 9 ! p>t]re3 ',:]e ,beauty plays ,h] idle freaks2 f family diffus'd ,to family1 z flies ! fa!r du/ ,! v>i$ col\rs run4' ,?omson ,?irdly1 ,t 9 a great _m in/ances1 ! honey-cups are completely beyond ! rea* ( ! fructify+ organs1 & _c possibly be subs]vi5t to _! use4 ,h5ce ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smi? believes ! honey to be int5d$1 by its sc5t1 to allure ^! v5ial p&]s to ! fl[]s1 & !reby %[s h[ highly he e/imates _! value to vegetation4 ,see 8 ,introduction to ,botany4 ,9 ! same "w1 ! au?or obs]ves t ,spr5gel has +5i\sly demon/rat$1 9 "s hundr$s ( in/ances1 h[ ! corolla s]ves z an attraction to insects1 indicat+ by v>i\s m>ks1 sometimes p]haps by its sc5t1 :]e !y may f9d honey1 & accommodat+ !m ) a conv5i5t re/+-place or %elt] :ile !y extract x4 ,?is elegant & +5i\s !ory receives confirmation f almo/ e fl[] we exam9e4 ,pr\d man is dispos$ to ?9k t ',full _m a fl[] is born to blu% unse51' because he has n deign$ to explore x2 b we f9d t ev5 ! beauties ( ! mo/ seque/]$ wild]ness are n made 9 va94 ,!y h myriads ( admir]s1 attract$ by _! *>ms1 & rew>d$ by _! treasures1 :i* w\ld be z useless z ! gold ( a mis]1 to ! plant itself1 7 !y n ! means ( br++ insects ab\t x4 ,?us ! bee1 by settl+ ^u & collect+ honey f a ?\s& diff]5t fl[]s1 is !reby assi/+ ! great purpose ( vegetable reproduction1 at ! same "t t ! loads %e c>ries home enable h] to con/ruct receptacles = ! reproduction ( h] own race4 ,= ! due f]tilization ( ! common ,b>b]ry1 x is necess>y t its irritable /am5s %\ld be br\ght into contact ) ! pi/il1 by ! application ( "s /imulus to ! base ( ! filam5t2 b ?is w\ld nev] take place 7 n insects attract$1 by ! mellif]\s gl&s ( ! fl[]1 to ins9uate !mselves among/ ! filam5ts1 & ?us1 :ile seek+ _! own food1 unkn[+ly to fulfil ! int5tions ( ,nature 9 ano!r dep>tm5t4 ,9 "s cases ! ag5cy ( ! hive-bee is inadequate to produce ! requir$ end2 9 ^! ! humble-bee is ! op]ator3 ^! alone1 z ,spr5gel has obs]v$1 are /rong en\gh = in/ance1 to =ce _! way b5ea? ! /yle-flag ( ! ,iris ,xiphium1 :i* 9 consequ5ce is (t5 b>r54 ,o!r insects besides bees are in/rum5tal 9 produc+ ! same ends2 inde$ !y are necess>y in/rum5ts3 & h5ce accord+ to ! same naturali/1 9 "s places1 :]e ! p>ticul> insect requir$ is n to be met )1 no fruit is =m$ ^u ! plant :i* is usually visit$ by x1 :]e x is indig5\s2 = he supposes t "s plants h p>ticul> insects appropriat$ to !m4 ,! ,am]ican ,ari/olo*ia ,sipho1 ?\gh x fl[]s pl5tifully1 nev] =ms fruit 9 our g>d5s1 probably = ! reason j assign$4 ,! ,date ,palm af=ds a /rik+ in/ance ( ! necessity ( extrane\s int]v5tion to p]fect fructification2 male & female fl[]s are borne on sep>ate trees1 & unless ! two sorts be 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ea* o!r1 ! fruit has no k]nel & is n prop] = food4 ,!re 0 a tree ( ?is k9d1 be>+ female fl[]s1 at ,b]l91 = ! fructification ( :i*1 a bran*1 ) male fl[]s ^u x1 0 once s5t by po/ f ,leipsic1 7#bj ,g]man miles17 & be+ susp5d$ ov] "s ( ! pi/ils1 ! tree aft]w>ds yield$ fruit & se$ 9 abundance4 ,pr(essor ,willd5[ has /at$ a v curi\s circum/ance1 conc]n+ ! ,ari/olo*ia ,clematitis4 ,he obs]ves t ! /am5s & pi/ils ( ! fl[] are inclos$ 9 its globul> base1 ! an!rs be+ "u ! /igma1 :i* !reby requires ! int]v5tion ( an insect1 to convey ! poll5 to x4 ,! ,tipula p5nicornis accompli%es ?is object2 x ent]s ! fl[] by its tubul> "p1 :i* is ?ickly l9$ ) inflect$ hairs1 s z readily to admit ! fly1 b totally to prev5t its release1 till by ! fad+ ( ! corolla ! hairs h fall5 flat aga9/ its sides4 ,h5ce ! insect 9 /ruggl+ to effect its escape1 bru%es (f ! poll5 & applies x to ! /igma1 !reby accompli%+ ! f]tilization ( ! fl[]4 ,,index4 ,page4 ,anatomy ( ! bee #bdi ,! head #bea ,! proboscis ib4 lips #bec tongue ib4 ph>ynx #bed sophagus or gullet ib4 m&ibles #bee maxill ib4 ant5na #bee1 #bib1 #cjg palpi #bef1 #cjh eyes #bef ,! trunk #bej1 #bef ,! w+s #bef legs #beg ,! abdom5 #bea1 #beh ,! honey-bag #beh v5om-bag ib4 anus ib4 ovipositor ib4 /+ ib4 organs ( reproduction ib4 ,ang] ( bees #bhh n apt to be excit$ at a di/ance f home #bij fatal consequ5ces ( #bhh ,animation ( bees susp5d$ #bjb ,ant5n #bee1 #bib1 #cjg effects ( _! excision #cji organs = communicat+ in=mation #bib = receiv+ meteorological intellig5ce ib4 ,antipa?ies ( bees #cjc ,ants1 anecdotes respect+ #ahc1 #bje 7,amazon7 anecdote ( #cbc enslav$ #cbd _! mil* cattle #gd :ite1 wond]ful f]tility ( #dj ,aphides #gb pr9cipal s\rce ( honey-dew ib4 _! will+ subs]vi5cy to bees & ants #ge wond]ful f]tility ( #cb ,api>y #dh be/ aspect = ib4 ,bonn]'s #ea circum/ances to be avoid$ 9 #dh to be desir$ 9 ib4 ,app>atus = deprivation #ajg ,ar*itecture ( bees #cci comm5cem5t & progress ( a comb fir/ obs]v$ by ,hub] #cdj con/ruction ( a cell #cdj ( cells ( transition #cec ( drone-cells #cej ( royal-cells #cea geometrical accuracy ( cell-"w #cdb demon/rat$ by ,m>aldi1 ,knig1 & ,mc,laurin #cdf honey-comb1 description ( #ceb v>ni% = /r5g!n+ cell-"w #cdd ,arm\r ( def5ce aga9/ bees1 c4 #age ,aurelia4 ,vide ,pupa4 ,bee1 honey1 comprises ?ree descriptions ( individuals #a ,bee1 anatomy (4 ,vide ,anatomy4 ,bee-boxes #hc comp>$ ) hives #ajj dim5sions ( #hc ,dunb>'s #ajb obs]vations !re9 #ajc hi/ory ( #aji ,hub]'s #ajb ,hunt]'s ib4 mat]ials =1 be/ #hc ,g$de's #aaa ,h>tlib's #aaj ,mew's ib4 ,reaumur's #ajb ,?orley's #aaa ,w>d]'s ib4 ,:ite's ib4 c5tre-bo>ds #hh floor bo>ds #hg ref]5ce to v5d]s ( #hi ,bee bread #i1 #cga dress #age eat] ( ,selborne #ccg fl[]s4 ,vide ,pa/urage4 h\se #eb %$ #ii ,bees1 adh]5ce ( to life #bjb ang] ( #bhh protection aga9/ #agg animation (1 susp5d$ #bja antipa?ies ( #cjc atta*m5t to que5 #adj balla/+ !mselves 7errone\s7 #dh black #g brood+ 7errone\s7 #f build combs sometimes "u re/+ bo>ds #abe _! conte/s ) ea* o!r #bhi by s+le combat ib4 by g5]al engagem5t ib4 corsair #bjg dea?1 sudd51 f effluvia ( ,rhus ,v]nix #aig diseases (4 ,vide ,diseases ( ,bees4 drone4 ,vide ,drones4 duration1 extraord9>y1 ( a colony #bih education ( #bfj embryo #aj developm5t (1 affect$ by temp]ature #ad enemies (4 ,vide ,enemies ( ,bees4 evolution ( ab ovo #aj excursions ( #cgg exotic4 ,vide ,exotic ,bees4 excrem5t ( #ahh1 #aid fructifi]s ( fl[]s4 ,vide ,fructification ( ,fl[]s4 g5]ation1 absurd !ory ( #ce1 #dh h>ve/ season ( #aai impati5t ( cold #aad indisposition to asc5d ) _! works #aab in/9cts (4 ,vide ,in/9cts ( ,bees4 intellect ( #cai intoxicat$ sometimes #fj language (4 ,vide ,language ( ,bees4 longevity ( #bif mode ( approa*+ #agg mortality (1 extraord9>y 9 #agfb #ahf numb]s 9 a hive #c numb] ( /ocks 9 "s situations #bcd1 #bce nymph #ab orig91 anci5t notion ( #dh ov]/ock+ ( #bce p]spiration ( #bgc poison ( #bhf 9 ! pupa /ate #ab pur*ase ( #hj que54 ,vide ,que54 regurgitat+ p[] ( #bbi removal f hives to boxes #adh respiration ( #bff sc\ts4 ,vide ,provid]s4 secretions ( #bgc s5ses (4 ,vide ,s5ses4 sexes ( #bj sleep ( #bie /++ ( #bhd /+less #baj /ock1 crit]ions ( a good "o #ha suffocation ( #agd sulphur+ ( ib4 sw>m+ (4 ,vide ,sw>m+ ( ,bees4 sw>m+1 n apt to /+ #ach /rik+ in/ance ( x #aci ( ! contr>y ib4 transportation (4 ,vide ,transportation4 wax #bbj av]age quantity 9 a hive #bba crit]ions ( good #bbj diff]5ce f myrtle wax #bbd annual consumption ( #bbb secretion (1 promot$ by electricity #bcb sep>ation ( f honey #baf s\rce & nature (4 ,vide ,s\rce & ,nature ( ,bees-wax1 :ite #bba work+ #c collectors f bir? #ae comp>$ ) drones #e de/roy ! drones #dd f]tile sometimes #bc (fice ( #c sex ( #c1 #bd ,cuvi]'s rem>ks on #bd ,jur9e's dissections ( ib4 usual numb] 9 a hive #c ,braggot1 or common mead #bde ,bre$+1 comm5cem5t ( #cg signs ( #aah e>ly1 to promote #aai ,hubb>d's op9ion ( #aag ,cells1 con/ruction (4 ,vide ,ar*itecture4 ,*rysalis4 ,vide ,pupa4 ,circulation #bga ,clu/]+ #abc ,cocoons #aa1 #ab ,cold1 effect ( on bees #aag 9 dim9i%+ ! consumption ( honey #ahe ,combs1 con/ruction ( #cdj con/ruct$ sometimes "u re/+-bo>ds #abe ,comp>ative advantages ( /orify+ & s+le-hiv+ #abb ( wood5 boxes & /raw-hives #ajj ,deprivation #afb to be ex]cis$ cauti\sly #afc possible accid5t at ! "t ( #afe modes ( p]=m+ #afg ,isaac's #agj ,keys's #agj ,dova/on's #aga ,evans's #agb prop] p]iods = #afb ,diseases ( bees #ahd ,dys5t]y #ahh ,v]tigo #ahi ,tumefaction ( ,ant5n #aib ,pe/il5ce or ,faux ,c\va9 ib4 probable causes ( ib4 rem$ies ib4 prev5tive #aie review ( diff]5t !ories ( ib4 ,divid]s & o!r implem5ts #ajg _! use 9 deprivation #afg ,drones1 _! use #e1 #cj evolution ( ab ovo #ad massacre ( #dc h[ effect$ #dd n f\nd 9 all sw>ms #d numb] usual 9 a hive #c occasional pres]vation ( #dd sitt+ ^u ! eggs #f op9ion ( ,mr4 ,morris ib4 ( ,fabricius ib4 ( ,kirby & ,sp5ce ib4 ,dunb>'s obs]vations 9 8 mirror-hive #h1 #ba ,eggs--drone1 royal1 work] #h fir/ lay+ ( #cg great lay+ ( #aaf misplac$1 dev\r$ by work]s #db numb] (1 laid 9 a giv5 p]iod #ci1 #dj p]iod at :i* ea* sort is laid #cg transportation1 op9ion ( #db work]1 may be r5d]$ royal #ai ,electricity1 effect on secretion ( wax & honey #bcb ,enemies ( bees #aii protection aga9/ #bjc ,excrem5t ( bees #ahh1 #aid ,exotic bees #baj _! honey-cells ib4 ( ,guadal\pe ib4 ,guiana #baa ,india ib4 ,s\? ,am]ica ib4 ,basil ,hall's ,acc\nt ib4 ,eye ( ! bee1 peculi> con/ruction (4 ,vide ,s5ses4 #cab ,f>9a #cgj collect+ ( #cga "t ( #cgb conf9$ to "o species ( fl[] on ea* j\rney #cgc ,reaumur's op9ion ib4 ,dobbs1 ,butl] & ,spr5gel's #cgc1 #cgd conveyance ( #cgb food ( l>v1 & n ! con/itu5t ( wax #cga fructify+ p[] ( #cgj prep>ation ( = use #cga s\rce ( #cgj /or+ ( #cgc /ructure ( #cgj ,fad+ #agi importance ( #aic syrup = ib4 modes ( ib4 times ( #aeb ,f]m5tation1 conduct ( #bdj ,f]tility ( insects #cb1 #dj ,flies 9 ,madeira w9e #bja ,fly1 fle%1 errone\s judgem5t respect+ #cjf ,food ( l>v #aj ,fructification ( fl[]s #chj in/rum5tality ( bees to t end ib4 bees attract$ to fl[]s by _! nect> ib4 accus$ by ,dr4 ,d>w9 ( injur+ fl[]s ib4 def5d$ by ,dr4 ,evans ib4 ,op9ion ( ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smi? #chb ( ,spr5gel #chc n ! only insects t promote fructification ib4 9 ! ,b>b]ry = in/ance1 ! ,iris ,xiphium1 ! ,ari/olo*ia ,sipho ( ,am]ica1 ! ,a4 ,clematitis1 & ! ,date ,palm ib4 ,hawk-mo?1 ,dea?'s ,head #bjh ravages committ$ by x 9 ! api>y ib4 res\rces ( ! bees ib4 ,he>+1 s5se (4 ,vide ,s5sation1 organs (2 & ,s5ses4 ,hives #ie ,*elms=d & ,h]t=d #if comp>$ ) boxes #ajj con/ruction (1 be/ #ig dim5sions ( #if di/ances at :i* !y %\ld /& f ea* o!r #di ,dunb>'s #ajb 8 obs]vations !re9 #ajc heat occasional 9 #ci usual 9 ib4 mat]ials prop] = #ie leaf #ajb ,moreton #if ,hub]'s #ia ,hui%'s #ij prep>ation ( #acg ,reaumur's #ic situation prop] = #di /raw #if ,?orley's #ib ,wildman's #ic ) glasses ib4 ,hiv+ ( sw>ms #acf ,sup]- & ,nadir- #abd1 #aea ,honey #bbf analysis ( #bcc animalization ( #bbg c&y+ ( #aif contrivances ( bees to keep x 9 op5 cells #bbh ,corsican1 n mulct$ by ! ,romans #fc crit]ions ( good #bcb delet]i\s #fe1 #aij1 #bcj flav\r affect$ by pa/urage #fe1 #bbi by season #bcb by mode ( sep>ation ib4 h>ve/s ( #afe pres]vation ( #bcc qualities ( #bca quantity requir$ = w9t] consumption #afb av]age af=d$ by a colony #bbf sometimes tak5 ib4 secretion (1 promot$ by electricity #bcb sep>ation (1 f wax #baf tak5 by means ( divid]s #afg ,honeycomb #cci ,honey-dew #ga anci5t op9ions ( #ga mod]n ditto #gb ,gilb]t ,:ite's #ga ,dr4 ,evans's #gb ,dr4 ,d>w9's ib4 ,mr4 ,curtis's ib4 ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smi?'s #gc ,boissi] de ,sauvages's #gi trees addict$ to x #gg yields a great h>ve/ to ! /orify] #gh ,humble-bees #bjg1 #bji1 #cai1 #cbg ,humm+1 causes ( #bgj ,idiot bee-eat] #ccg ,imago #ac ,implem5ts1 bee #ajg ,impregnation4 ,vide ,que54 ,in/9ct #cah def9ition ( #cce mo/ rem>kable 9 creatures t congregate #cah ( humble-bees ib4 all ! phnom5a ( insect life n ref]able to x #cbb ,d>w9's op9ion #cbc ,hunt]'s #ccj ,virey's #cca ,des ,c>tes' ib4 ,buffon's ib4 circum/ance notic$ by ,dr4 ,evans #cbe by ,mr4 ,walond #bcf ,hub]'s humble-bees #cbg ,amazon ants #cbc bee =tifications #cbh anecdote ( a beetle #ccj ,in/9ct may be direct$ by intellect #ccc modifi$ & c\nt]act$ by intellect ib4 in/anc$ 9 birds' ne/s ib4 9 ,sir ,j4 ,banks's spid] #ccb 9 dogs #ccc ,m>aldi's ,slug #cbj ,reaumur's ,snail #cai ,reim>'s op9ion ( memory #ccc weak5$ by dome/ication #ccf /r5g!n$ by conc5tration ib4 ,intellect ( bees #cai capable ( modify+ & c\nt]act+ in/9ct #ccc capable ( direct+ in/9ct ib4 ,jelly1 royal #bj ,jur9e1 ,miss1 dissections ( #bd ,k di/+ui%$ f ,wisdom #ccd ,language ( bees #bia ,mr4 ,knight's op9ion ib4 ,m4 ,hub]'s ib4 8 exp]im5ts ib4 ,l>v #aj food ( ib4 progressive gr[? ( #ab motions ( #ae voraci\sness ( #ab inclosure or seal+ up ( #aa comm5cem5t ( sp9n+ cocoon ib4 work] may become royal #ai ,leaf-hives #ajb ,dunb>'s #ajc ,hub]'s #aje ,hunt]'s #ajb ,reaumur's ib4 ,leav51 artificial #bdb natural #bdj1 #bdb ,locu/s1 female1 de/roy$ by males #df ,longevity ( bees #bif extraord9>y duration ( a colony #bih ,mead1 antiquity ( #bcf ,braggot1 or common #bde directions = mak+ #bdd e/eem$ by our ance/ors #bcg ideal nect> ( ! ,sc&9avians ib4 ,memory ( bees #bfj1 #cad ,reim>'s op9ion #ccc ,metys #cgh ,mortality among bees & wasps #ahf ,mo?-wax #aii egg>1 anecdote ( #cjf hawk4 ,vide ,hawk-mo?4 ,motions ( insects #bgd in/ances ( extraord9>y p[] ( #bge ,nadir-hiv+ #abd1 #aea ,nutrition #bgb ,nymph #ab resemblance to a mummy #ac ,palpi #bef ,pa/urage #ee effect on ! flav\r ( honey #ff1 #bcj anci5t op9ion ( #fe ,b>!lemy's ib4 ,duppa's #bcj noxi\s #fg1 #bcj ,x5ophon's op9ion ( #fg ,t\rne=t's ib4 ,d>w9's op9ion ( #fh ,b>ton's #fh1 #bca ,pellets1 m\ld+ ( #cgb ,p]spiration #bgc ,pissoc]os #cgh ,poison ( ,bees #bhf its nature ib4 cry/allizes 9 dry+ ib4 ,poll54 ,vide ,f>9a4 ,propolis #cge analysis ( ib4 mode ( convey+ #cgf s\rce ( ib4 ,hub]'s exp]im5ts ib4 ,evans's obs]vations #cgg ,knight's #cgh =m ( its pellets #cgg v>i\sly comp\nd$ ) wax #cgh "t ( ga!r+ #cgi uses ( #cge sub/itutes sometimes us$ = #cgh ,reaumur's exp]im5t ib4 ,provid]s1 or ,sc\ts #aca ,w>d]'s op9ion ( #acb ,butl]'s ib4 ,knight's ib4 ,evans's ib4 ,du*et's ib4 ,reaumur's ib4 ,buffon's ib4 ,bonnet's ib4 ,hub]'s ib4 ,bonn]'s #ace ,pupa #ab resemblance ( to a mummy #ac ,que5-bees1 artificial #bj discov]y attribut$ to ,s*ira* ib4 said to h be5 long kn[n #bj op9ions ( ,vogel & ,monticelli ib4 exp]im5t ( ,dunb> #bb n mute z ,hub] suppos$ #bc atta*m5t ( work]s to #ada enmity t[>ds1 & combats ) ea* o!r #bha evolution ( ab ovo #ad homage paid to #add impregnation ( #be op9ions conc]n+ ib4 ,bonn]'s #bh ,bonnet's #bi ,butl]'s #cf ,debraw's #bg ,dobbs's #bf ,flem+'s #cb ,hattorf's #bh ,hub]'s #bg1 et seq4 ,hui%'s #bg ,hunt]'s #cj1 #cc ,l9nu's #cc ,lomb>d's #bi ,m>aldi's #bf ,reaumur's #bf ,s*ira*'s #bh ,swamm]dam's #be ,wildman's #cf objections to ,hub]'s !ory ib4 impregnation ret>d$ #cg1 #da int]c\rse ) drones #cj1 et seq4 probable duration ( f]tiliz+ influ5ce #ca lay+1 comm5cem5t ( #cg affect$ by temp]ature ib4 loss (1 its consequ5ces #add mode ( deposit+ eggs #h mode ( se>*+ = :5 a /ock has be5 suffocat$ #agd mutilat$1 lose _! in/9cts #cji presci5ce 7suppos$7 ( #aah prison]s :5 v "y #ag reason ( ?is ib4 virg91 :5 fir/ seek ! drones #cd voice (1 au?oritative #abh :5 imprison$ #ai ,reason1 human1 def9ition ( #cce insect1 def9ition ( ib4 presumptive evid5ce ( #cbb diff]5ce betwe5 human & insect #cce obs]vations ( ,reid #cef ( ,evans ib4 ,regurgitat+ p[] ( bees #bbi ,reim>'s op9ion ( memory #ccc ,reproduction1 organs ( #bge ov>ies #bgf oviducts ib4 ovipositor #bgg sp]m-res]voir ib4 ,respiration1 organs ( #bff evid5ces ( _! exi/5ce #bfg /igmata1 spiracles or brea?+ pores #bff tra*e ib4 ,riem's discov]y #c ,salt1 ( use to bees #ahf ,s*ira*'s discov]y #bj ,sc\ts4 ,vide ,provid]s4 ,secretions ( bees #bgc ,s5sation ( bees #beh m$ium ( its communication #bei its seat ib4 bees h a common s5sorium ib4 evid5ces ( x ib4 protract$ vitality ib4 memory #bfj in/ances ( ib4 ,reim>'s op9ion ( #ccc susceptible ( in/ruction #bfa in/ances ( ib4 organs ( #beh ant5n #bfb op9ions ( _! (fices ib4 facts 9 support ( !m #bfc palpi ib4 uses ascrib$ to ib4 ,s5ses ( bees #cjb smell ib4 in/ances ( its acut5ess #cjc1 et seq4 t\* #cjg analogy f ants #bia ta/e #cji he>+ #caj evid5ces ( ib4 sight #caa n v p]fect ib4 ,dr4 ,virey's !ory #caf ,s5sorium #bei ,sep>ation ( wax & honey #baf ,%$ = bees #ii ,sleep ( bees #bie ,s\rce ( bees-wax #cef ,s\rce & nature ( bees-wax2 poll5 =m]ly suppos$ to be ! prime con/itu5t ( x #cef /rik+ diff]5ce betwe5 !m ib4 wax prov$ to be a secretion f ! body ( ! bee #cfb exp]im5ts & obs]vations ( ,hub]1 ,?orley1 ,du*et1 ,wildman1 ,hunt] & ,evans #cfb1 et seq4 regul> division ( lab\r #cfg h5ce wax-work+ & nurs+-bees ib4 exp]im5t to %[ ! designation ( poll5 ib4 o!r s\rces ( wax #cfh ,sph9x ,atropos4 ,vide ,hawk-mo?4 ,spid]1 anecdotes ( #bfa f]tilization ( #ca ,sir ,joseph ,banks's #ccb ,/emmata #cae exp]im5ts ( ,swamm]dam1 ,reaumur1 c4 #cae ,/+ ( work+-bee #bgg fatal consequ5ces att5d+ its use #bgh1 #bhc n apt to be us$ :5 ! bee is di/ant f home #bhi ( que5-bee #bgi h] cauti\s use ( x #bhf comp>$ ) %>p in/rum5ts ib4 ,/++1 rem$ies = #bhd precautions aga9/1 :5 attack$ #bhe ,/orify+ #aji w n always prev5t sw>m+ #abd comp>$ ) s+le-hiv+ #abb ,suffocat+ or sulphur+ ( bees #agd ,sug> an excell5t sub/itute = honey #cfj ,sup]-hiv+ #abd1 #aea ,sw>m+ #aae causes ( ib4 usual p]iods ( #aai be/ p]iods ( ib4 in/ance ( v e>ly ib4 disadvantages ( e>ly & late #abj heat produc$ by #ci1 #bgc bees n apt to /+ at ?is "t #ach /rik+ in/ance ( ?is #aci in/ance to ! contr>y ib4 importance ( que5 at ! "t #adj exp]im5ts 9 pro( ( x #ada1 et seq4 ,sw>ms1 numb] ?r[n (f 9 a season #aae int]vals betwixt successive #aaf hiv+ ( #acf union ( #aed causes ( #aae p]iod usual ( #aah be/ #aai e>ly ib4 late ib4 l$ (f by s5ior que5 #ca symptoms prec$+ #abg ,syrup = fe$+ bees #agi ,temp]ature ( a well-/ock$ hive ( bees #bgd occasional ditto ib4 ,t\* #cjg ,transportation ( bees #aei ,isaac's success f ib4 practis$ 9 ,egypt1 ,france1 ,italy & ,greece #aei-afa ,union ( sw>ms or /ocks #aed ,mr4 ,walond's me?od ( #aeg me?ods practis$ by o!rs #aed ,v5tilation #bfh h[ accompli%$ ib4 ,vitality protract$ #bei ,wax4 ,vide ,bees-wax4 myrtle #bbc its diff]5ce f bees-wax #bbd pockets #cfe work+-bees #cff ,wasps1 =midable enemies ( bees #aii importance ( de/roy+ que5s 9 spr+ #de1 #bjf fact respect+ !m notic$ by ,mr4 ,knight #bij extraord9>y de>? ( 9 #ahjf1 #ahae & #ahbd #ahf ,wildman's feats #aee ,w9e-mak+1 g5]al pr9ciples ( #bdj elem5ts necess>y to its =mation #bdj sweet ib4 dry #bda f9+ #bdf /umm+ ib4 ,wisdom z di/+ui%$ f ,k #ccd ,work+-bees4 ,vide ,bees4 ,,! ,,end4 -------------------------- ,pr9t$ by ,ri*>d ,taylor1 ,%oe-,lane1 ,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,m9or typographical errors 7 correct$4 ,hyph5ation 0 /&>diz$ to ! mo/ preval5t =m us$4 ,! poetry au?ors 7 mov$ to a blank l9e & "r align$4