,,! ,,railway ,,conque/ ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,illu/ration3 ,frontispiece ,,:]e ,,! ,,union ,,pacific ,,railway ,,/rikes ,,across ,,salt ,,lake ,! 8cut (f0 across ! wat] is #bg miles 9 l5g?1 ( :i* #ae miles are repres5t$ by solid e>? embankm5t4 ,,conque/s ,,( ,,sci5ce ,,! ,,railway ,,conque/ ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,talbot ,,au?or ,,( 8,,! ,,new ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,canada10 8,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,great ,,canadian ,,railway10 ,c4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,philadelphia ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company ,,london3 ,,william ,,he9emann ,copyright ,london #aiaa by ,william ,he9emann ,,preface ,!re is ! unfa?omable fasc9ation ( romance connect$ ) ! con/ruction ( great railways1 ?\gh little is kn[n ( ! beg9n+ & ! gr[? ( ! great trunk roads ( ! _w2 ( ! heavy tax :i* _! con/ruction impos$ ^u ! +5uity1 skill & res\rce ( _! build]s4 ,spe$+ along swiftly 9 a luxuri\s ,pullman c> ov] a road-b$ z smoo? z an asphalt pavem5t conveys no impression ( ! p]ils & dang]s fac$ or ( ! inf9ite lab\r exp5d$ 9 ! mak+ ( t /eel highway4 ,to-day ! e>? is girdl$ ) "s #gjj1jjj miles ( railways1 & !re are few c\ntries 9 :i* ! locomotive has n made its appe>ance4 ,?is volume has be5 writt5 ) ! express purpose ( tell+ 9 a popul> mann] ?is /ory ( romance4 ,x is obvi\sly impossible to deal ) e great railway und]tak+ 9 ! compass ( a s+le volume2 b ^? describ$ may safely be consid]$ repres5tative1 & !y are ! l>ge/ & mo/ int]e/+ ent]prises betwe5 ! two poles4 ,9 ! writ+ ( ?is volume ,i h be5 assi/$ by innum]able fri5ds :o h be5 id5tifi$ closely ) ! introduction ( ,/eph5son's inv5tion into fre% fields ( conque/4 ,i am indebt$ especially to ! foll[+ g5tlem53 ,messrs4 ,norman ,b4 ,dickson1 ,m4,,in/4,c4,e42 ,a4 ,m4 ,clel&1 ! ,nor!rn ,pacific ,railway ,company2 ! late ,j4 ,c4 ,m]$i?1 *ief eng9e]1 ! ,florida ,ea/ ,coa/ ,railway2 ,a4 ,l4 ,lawley2 ,r4 ,r4 ,gales1 ,m4,,in/4,c4,e42 ,h4 ,e4 ,gwy!r1 *ief eng9e]1 ! ,leopold9a ,railway ,company1 ,ltd42 ,francis ,b4 ,cl>ke1 presid5t ( ! ,spokane1 ,portl& & ,seattle ,railway2 ,william ,hood1 *ief eng9e]1 ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,company2 ,f4 ,a4 ,mill]1 ! ,*icago1 ,milwaukee & ,puget ,s\nd ,railway2 ! ,i4 ,r4 ,au/rian ,railway ,m9i/ry2 ,w4 ,we/on1 ! ,d5v]1 ,nor?-we/]n & ,pacific ,railway ,company2 ! ,p5nsylvania ,/eel ,company2 ,w4 ,t4 ,robson1 ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway ,company2 ! ,clevel& ,bridge & ,eng9e]+ ,company1 & ,fr$]ic ,coleman ( ,d>l+ton2 ! ,swiss ,f$]al ,railways2 ,h4 ,r4 ,*>lton1 ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway ,company ( ,canada2 ! *ief eng9e]1 ! ,new ,zeal& ,gov]nm5t ,railways2 ! ,p]uvian ,corporation2 ! *ief eng9e]s ( ! ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ,s\? ,au/ralia & ,we/ ,au/ralia ,gov]nm5t ,railways2 ! ,m9i/] ( ,ways ( ,communication ( ! ,russian ,empire2 ! ,trans-,&9e ,railway ,company2 ! *ief eng9e]1 ! ,imp]ial ,japanese ,gov]nm5t ,railways2 ,j4 ,j4 ,gywn1 *ief eng9e]1 & ,s4 ,k4 ,hoop]1 ! ,d5v] & ,rio ,gr&e ,railway2 ,g4 ,j4 ,ray1 *ief eng9e]1 ! ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n ,railroad2 ,virgil ,g4 ,bogue1 vice-presid5t & *ief eng9e]1 ! ,we/]n ,pacific ,railway ,company2 & ,s4 ,j4 ,ellison ( ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railway1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,talbot4 ,,hove1 ,septemb] #bi1 #aiaa4 ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i ,,! ,,railway ,,surveyor',s ,,adv5tur\s ,,life #a ,,ii ,,! ,,romance ,,( ,,con/ruction #ab ,,iii ,,! ,,bor+ ,,( ,,! ,,got?>d ,,tunnel #cj ,,iv ,,! ,,railway ,,invasion ,,( ,,canada #df ,v ,,! ,,fir/ ,,trans-,,cont95tal ,,across ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates #ei ,,vi ,,! ,,longe/ 8,,toy0 ,,railway #gf ,,vii ,,! ,,wond]s ,,( ,,! ,,tyrol #hh ,,viii ,,! ,,reclamation ,,( ,,alaska #ajb ,,ix ,,! ,,holy ,,railway ,,to ,,mecca #aag ,x ,,! ,,highe/ ,,l9e ,,9 ,,! ,,_w #abh ,,xi ,,cecil ,,rhodes' ,,dream--,,f ,,! ,,cape ,,to ,,cairo 7,i4 ,,nor?w>ds ,,f ,,cape ,,t[n7 #aci ,,xii ,,cecil ,,rhodes' ,,dream--,,f ,,! ,,cape ,,to ,,cairo 7,,ii4 ,,s\?w>ds ,,f ,,cairo7 #aeb ,,xiii ,,gridiron+ ,,! ,,rocky ,,m\nta9s #afb ,,xiv ,,! ,,iron ,,horse ,,9 ,,au/ralasia 7,i47 #age ,,xv ,,! ,,iron ,,horse ,,9 ,,au/ralasia 7,,ii47 #ahf ,,xvi ,,across ,,sib]ia ,,by ,,rail #aih ,,xvii ,,! ,,leopold9a ,,railway #bad ,,xviii ,,! ,,fir/ ,,canadian ,,trans-,,cont95tal ,,railway #bbd ,,xix ,a ,,railway ,,ov] ,,! ,,sea #bdj ,,xx ,,! ,,l& ,,( ,,rem>kable ,,railway ,,bridges #bej ,,xxi ,,:]e ,,! ,,sn[-,,pl\gh ,,works ,,9 ,,summ] #bfj ,,xxii ,,f ,,bu5os ,,aires ,,to ,,valp>aiso ,,ov]l& #bgj ,,xxiii ,a ,,little-,,kn[n ,,c5tral ,,african ,,railway #bha ,,xxiv ,,! ,,invasion ,,( ,,! ,,f> ,,ea/ 7,i4 ,,e>ly ,,days ,,9 ,,*9a7 #bhi ,,xxv ,,! ,,invasion ,,( ,,! ,,f> ,,ea/ 7,,ii4 ,,mod]n ,,developm5ts ,,9 ,,*9a ,,& ,,japan7 #big ,,xxvi ,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,! ,,cascade ,,m\nta9s #cjh ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,to face page ,:]e ! ,union ,pacific ,railway /rikes across ,salt ,lake ,frontispiece ,build+ ! l(tie/ bridge 9 ! _w #f ,driv+ a cutt+ #ajj feet deep by ! aid ( dynamite & /eam %ovels ?r\gh slate on ! ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n ,railway1 ,u4,s4,a4 #g ,a ,railway ,con/ruction ,camp among ! m\nta9s #af ,build+ a high bank on ! ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n ,railway1 ,u4,s4,a41 by mod]n me?ods #af ,! huge /eam %ovel :i* takes "s #c tons ( spoil ) e bite #ag ,! drag-l9e %ovel :i* scoops up ! e>? 9 ! cutt+ z x is pull$ along #ag ,! ,pecos ,viaduct on ! 8,sunset0 ,railway1 ! highe/ /ructure 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! track be+ #cba feet above ! wat] bel[ #bd ,! track lay]1 :]eby ! metals are laid at a spe$ ( #c or #d miles a day1 cross+ a heavy timb] tre/le #be ,! ,gs*55 entrance to ! ,/4 ,got?>d ,tunnel #cb ,! wond]ful ,wass5 ,loop on ! ,/4 ,got?>d ,railway1 %[+ ?ree ti]s ( track #cc ,! compress$ air locomotive :i* haul$ workm5 & rock bla/$ f ! m\nta9 9 ! cutt+ ( ! ,loets*b]g ,tunnel #cf ,:at ! work+ face 9 ! he>t ( ! m\nta9 is l #cf ,! l(ty ,am/eg ,bridge1 #ahd feet high1 spann+ ! ,mad]an ,valley on ! ,/4 ,got?>d ,railway #cg ,no4 #b1 8,! ,toronto10 ! fir/ railway eng9e built 9 ,canada by ,james ,good 9 #ahec #dh ,! ,niag>a ,cantilev] ,railway ,bridge "u con/ruction #dh 8,! ,eigh? ,wond] ( ! ,_w0 #di ,! bridge z recon/ruct$ #di ,! magnific5t s+le span bridge across ! ,niag>a ,riv] bel[ ! ,falls #ej ,a view ( ! iron tube1 #b1bij feet 9 l5g? & #bc feet 9 diamet] #ea ,! #bjjj h4p4 electric locomotives haul+ ! 8,int]national ,limit$0 ?r\gh ! tube #ea ,! massive bridge ( ! ,union ,pacific ,railway ov] ! ,miss\ri ,riv] at ,c\ncil ,bluffs1 f :i* po9t ! fir/ railway across ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 comm5c$ #fb ,! timb] tre/le across ,salt ,lake1 by means ( :i* ! ,union ,pacific saves #eg miles #fc ,build+ ! ,otavi l9e ?r\gh ! ,g]man ,s\?-we/ ,african ,bu% #hj ,! passage ( ! fir/ tra91 gaily decorat$ = ! occasion1 ov] ! 8toy-l0 ,otavi ,railway #ha ,! workm5 cutt+ & bla/+ a n>r[ pa? on ! /eep m\nta9 slopes = ! ,k>awank5 ,railway #ib ,! massive /eel bridge :i* c>ries ! railway across ! ,drave ,riv] to approa* ! tunnel ?r\gh ! ,k>awank5 range 9 ! backgr\nd #ic ,! nor!rn entrance to ! ,k>awank5 ,tunnel #ic ,! ,tau]n ,railway1 %[+ w9d+ "* ( ! l9e #if ,! entrance to ! ,tau]n ,tunnel #if ,"o ( ! huge loops on ! ,tau]n #ig ,! fir/ h\r's "w3 navvies prep>+ ! grade along ! ma9 /reet ( ,skaguay #ajf ,by railway to ! ,klondike--! ,:ite ,pass & ,yukon l9e "u con/ruction #ajf ,! dismal tract ( swamp & riv] ?r\gh :i* ! ,alaskan ,c5tral ,railway makes its way #ajg ,! wond]ful horse%oe timb] tre/le1 #a1bdj feet long1 v>y+ f #dj to #ij feet high1 on ! ,c5tral ,alaskan ,railway #aab ,a wa%-out caus$ by ! ,plac] ,riv] 9 flood #aac ,! oblit]ation ( ! l9e by a l&slide #aac ,a /rik+ piece ( railway build+ 9 ! ,y>muk ,gorge #aah ,a bird's-eye view ( a *asm 9 ,pale/9e1 ?r\gh :i* ! l9e foll[s a w9d+ pa? on ! left #aai ,a masonry bridge on ! ,holy ,railway1 %[+ solidity ( con/ruction & m\nta9\s "* ( ! c\ntry #aai ,a heavy /eel bridge 9 c\rse ( erection betwe5 ,haifa & ,d]aa1 ! bran* f ! ma9 sacr$ l9e to ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea #abb ,! eng9e]+ wond] ( ! ,h$jaz ,railway--! sudd5 desc5t into 8,! ,devil's ,belly0 #abc ,! railway 9 ! doma9 ( ! ,g5ii #abd ,! lonely pa? ( ! ,pilgrim's l9e ?r\gh ! sil5t1 rocky & s&y wa/es ( ,arabia #abe ,meiggs' ma/]piece--! ,v-swit* by means ( :i* ! railway is lift$ f "o level to ano!r1 %[+ turntable & me?od ( op]ation #acj ,! ,infi]nillo ,bridge #acj ,a horse%oe curve 9 a tunnel #aca ,! fir/ ,v]rugas ,viaduct1 :i* 0 de/roy$ by a cl\dbur/ & rock-slide #acd ,! highe/ tunnel 9 ! _w "u con/ruction #ace ,a ,briti% locomotive 9 ! realm ( p]petual ,&ean sn[1 #ae1hfe feet above sea-level1 on ! ,oroya ,railway #acf ,look+ ?r\gh ! tunnels on ! ,oroya ,railway #acg ,! greate/ bridge 9 ! _w #add ,sett+ up ! _w's railway build+ record 9 ,africa #ade ,con/ruction tra9 on ! way to ! railhead cross+ a tempor>y timb] bridge #aed ,! longe/ bridge 9 ,africa1 #a1cjj feet 9 l5g?1 across ! ,kafue ,riv] #aed ,! 8,hang+ ,bridge10 "o ( ! railway wond]s ( ! ,d5v] & ,rio ,gr&e1 9 ! ,royal ,gorge ( ,colorado #aee ,! railway two miles above ! sea #aff ,a 8d\ble-head]0 climb+ ! cliff ( ,animas ,canyon on ! ,d5v] & ,rio ,gr&e ,railway #afg ,cross+ ! cont95tal 8divide0 on ! 8,m(fatt0 road #agj ,! ,m(fatt ,railway play+ 8hide-&-seek0 among ! tunnels 9 ,gore ,canyon #aga ,! gigantic sn[pl\gh1 ! l>ge/ yet built1 :i* keeps ! high] levels ( ! 8,m(fatt0 l9e ?r\gh ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s free f ! heavy falls ( sn[ #agb ,a deep cutt+ #agc ,bor+ "o ( ! t5 tunnels #agc ,be=e ! explosion #ahj ,! bla/ #ahj ,! cliff-face dislodg$ #ahj ,! cliff-face brok5 up #ahj ,! ,puttapa ,gap ,bridge1 #bjj feet 9 l5g? #aha ,! ,hook9a ,creek ,bridge #aha ,! entrance to ! tunnel1 #a1jif feet long1 ?r\gh ! ,d>l+ ,range #ahh ,! de>? ( suitable wat] 0 ! s]i\s problem 9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,coolg>die gold-fields4 ,z ! railway c\ld n haul supplies f ! coa/1 ?is novel cond5s+ plant 0 erect$ #ahi ,h[ ! ,we/]n ,au/ralian ,ea/]n ,railway cuts ?r\gh ! ,d>l+ ,range #aid ,! ,leopold9a ,railway is a maze ( curves1 twi/s & b5ds1 ow+ to ! rugg$ "* ( ! c\ntry trav]s$ #aie ,a /eep bank %[+ ! c5tral rack rail #baf ,tra9 on ! rack section ( ! ,petropolis division1 %[+ ! curi\s type ( locomotive adopt$ #baf ,rebuild+ a bridge on ! ,leopold9a ,railway #bag ,a flood on ! l9e #bah ,a d]ailm5t caus$ by ! tra9 collid+ ) a c[6 #bah ,an int]e/+ eng9e]+ a*ievem5t #bai ,bridge ov] ! ,p>ahybuna ,riv]1 %[+ height ( riv] 9 flood & =ce ( wat] surg+ r\nd ! pi]s #bai ,! bridge ov] ! ,p>ahybuna ,riv] at ,campos "u con/ruction #bbj ,! ,p>ahybuna ,riv] ,bridge complet$4 ,total l5g? #a1aac feet #bbj ,! rockb\nd %ore ( ,lake ,sup]ior sev]ely tax$ ! eng9e]s 9 ! build+ ( ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway #bba ,! 8,gap10 ! ea/]n entrance ( ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s #bbf ,:]e ! 8,big ,hill0 0 cut out on ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway1 betwe5 ,hector & ,field #bbg ,h[ ! ,canadian ,pacific l9e creeps r\nd t[]+ precipices along ! ,fras] ,riv] #bcj ,9 ?read+ ! ,fras] ,riv] ,canyon ! eng9e]s 7 compell$ to hug ! wat]way1 ?\gh x involv$ ! bor+ ( num]\s %ort tunnels #bca ,! /eel ar* bridge across ,/oney ,creek 9 ! ,selkirk ,m\nta9s #bcd ,! railway trav]s+ ! tumbl$ ,?ompson ,riv] ,canyon #bce ,! ,cisco cantilev] bridge c>ry+ ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway across ! ,fras] ,riv] #bch ,! ,key ,we/ 8,limit$0 pass+ ov] ,long ,key ,viaduct at full spe$ #bci ,build+ ! grade4 ,! dr$g] cutt+ its own pa? & dump+ remov$ spoil 9 c5tre to =m ! embankm5t = ! track #bdd ,! embankm5t complet$1 ) ! canals dug by ! dr$g]s on ei!r side #bdd ,h[ ! embankm5t 0 built on ! keys #bde ,h[ ! re9=c$ concrete ar*es 7 built )9 wood5 m\lds #bde ,! tra9+-bund or wall to n>r[ ! ,ganges by #cjjj feet = ! ,curzon ,bridge1 %[+ railway approa* #beb ,erect+ ! pi]s = ! ,curzon ,bridge #bec ,! tra9+-bund "u con/ruction by native lab\r4 ,at ! extreme "r a pi] is be+ built = ! bridge #bed ,g5]al view ( ! pi]-build+ op]ations = ! ,curzon ,bridge across ! ,ganges at ,allahabad #bee ,! ,gokteik ,viaduct "u con/ruction #bef ,view ( ! ,gokteik ,viaduct #beg ,tra9 em]g+ f ,re9unga ,tunnel1 #e1bag feet long1 9 di/ance1 %[+ sn[scoop-pl\gh on locomotive #bfb ,myrdal ,/ation1 %[+ entrance to ,gravehals ,tunnel1 #ag1dbj feet 9 l5g? #bfc ,myrdal ,/ation 9 w9t]1 %[+ dep? ( sn[fall #bfc ,a view on ! ,b]g5 ,railway 9 w9t]1 %[+ scre5s to protect l9e f drift+ sn[1 & sn[%$s #bff ,mules c>ry+ wat] 9 b>rels #bfg ,load ( railway metals on a mule's back #bfg ,railway build+ 9 ,nyasal&1 ,c5tral ,africa #bhb ,a typical bridge on ! ,nyasal& ,railway #bhc ,! novel lift bridge ov] ! ,%ir ,riv] at ,*iromo #bhc ,! iron horse 9 ,c5tral ,africa #bhd ,! bascules be+ l[]$ by cables & w9*es f ei!r cliff-face #bhe ,! bascules l[]$1 %[+ ! ,fr5* eng9e]s at c5tre mak+ ! connection #bhe ,! ,faux-,namiti ,bridge complet$ #cjb ,! l9e skirt+ ! sea%ore ne> ,okitsu1 ,tokaido1 on ! ,japanese ,gov]nm5t railways #cjc ,! mo/ /rik+ example ( ,japanese railway eng9e]+ #cjf ,two railways rac+ to ! ,pacific coa/ ?r\gh ! ,des*utes ,riv] ,canyon #cjg ,! 8swit*back0 by means ( :i* ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railway ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates negotiat$ ! ,cascade ,m\nta9s be=e ! bor+ ( ! ,cascade ,tunnel #caj ,build+ a /eel tre/le across a rift #caa ,build+ ! bigge/ embankm5t on record by hydraulic sluic+ #cad ,! 8,m]ry-g-r\nd0 devis$ to exp$ite rais+ an embankm5t #abj feet high #cae ,a l(ty embankm5t 9 c\rse ( con/ruction4 ,9 ! c5tre x is #abj feet high4 ,con/ruction camp 9 =egr\nd #cae ,build+ ! ,*icago1 ,milwaukee & ,puget ,s\nd ,railway ?r\gh ! ,bitt] ,root ,m\nta9s #cah ,c>ry+ ! ,*icago1 ,milwaukee & ,puget ,s\nd ,railway across ! ,columbia ,riv] #cai ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,railway ,,surveyor',s ,,adv5tur\s ,,life 8,"o's exp]i5ce is v>i$ f camp+ out 9 t5ts at fifty degrees bel[ z]o1 to sp5d+ a l>ge am\nt ( "t 9 ! wild]ness1 :5 provisions are v %ort & "o has to dep5d ^u fi% = food40 ,?is 0 ! description ( ! task ( discov]+ a pa? = ! iron road ?r\gh a new c\ntry1 z relat$ to me by ! late ,john ,e4 ,s*witz]1 "o ( ! mo/ brilliant railway eng9e]s t ,canada has produc$1 & "o :o _h climb$ ! ladd] ( success f ! humble capacity ( rodman at a few %ill+s p] week1 to ! position ( *ief eng9e] ( ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway1 )9 ! %ort space ( tw5ty-two ye>s4 ,f 8 unique exp]i5ce he 0 fitt$ to speak ) au?ority1 & 8 /atem5t sums up ! life ( a surveyor 9 a nut%ell4 ,s f> z ! lonel9ess & ! ne$ to fi% = food are conc]n$ ,i c speak f exp]i5ce4 ,?is article ( diet is pl5tiful1 b its monotony palls v quickly1 :ile at times "o longs = ! excitem5t ( ! city4 ,b once ?is feel+ has be5 liv$ d[n "o w\ld n ex*ange ! virg9 c\ntry1 ) its invigorat+ air & life ( excit+ adv5ture1 = a smoke-begrim$ /ifl+ c5tre ( activity = any consid]ation4 ,9 ,great ,brita91 ow+ to its completely settl$ condition1 ! difficulties incid5tal to ?is class ( "w d n exi/4 ,! wre/les ) heat1 sun-bak$ des]t1 ice-b\nd =e/ & extreme cold h nev] be5 exp]i5c$ 9 connection ) ! driv+ =w>d ( ! ribbon ( /eel 9 ^! isl&s4 ,!re is an utt] lack ( t ?rill+ romantic int]e/ & adv5ture associat$ ) simil> "w 9 an unkn[n c\ntry1 :]e ! surveyor is n m]ely a surveyor1 b an explor] z well4 ,9 any ( ! f\r cont95ts beyond ,europe he fulfils an important mission4 ,he is ! advance-gu>d ( civilisation4 ,he spies out ! c\ntry = ! greate/ settl+ =ce t has yet be5 devis$1 & al?\gh ! "w m (t5 ?an n is extremely p]il\s1 he revels 9 ! dang]s4 ,"o mu/ be prep>$ to face any em]g5cy3 be ready to fulfil any duty4 ,"o may be buri$ = mon?s amid/ ! /rongholds ( ice-capp$ m\nta9s1 isolat$ ^u ! swelt]+ desolate expanses ( broil+ des]ts1 imprison$ 9 ! he>ts ( yawn+ rav9es1 or imm]s$ amid reek+ dismal swamps1 cut (f by hundr$s ( miles f ! ne>e/ t[n or settlem5t4 ,!n ,nature is ! surveyor's sole companion1 & 9 h] sil5t company h]culean & h]oic tasks (t5 h to be fulfill$1 ( :i* ! _w at l>ge nev] gleans an inkl+4 ,! surveyor is ! p]sonification ( happy-g-luck9ess4 ,he pursues 8 pa? dogg$ly1 laughs at ob/acles1 no matt] h[ =bidd+ !y may be1 & accompli%es glori\s de$s unsung4 ,(t5 8 sudd5 dea? ?r\gh accid5t1 disease or misadv5ture goes unm\rn$ beyond ! limits ( 8 own camp4 ,yet an ev]la/+ & omnipot5t monum5t to 8 memory is rais$--! ?9 ?read ( /eel :i* annihilates "t & space4 ,^! m5 %[ a devotion to _! call+ :i* x is impossible to fa?om4 ,!y brave p]ils beyond conception & face dea? 9 a hundr$ diff]5t =ms4 ,x may be a slip on a trea*]\s foo?old at ! br9k ( a yawn+ gul*1 ! upset ( a frail b>k 9 a swiftly ru%+ rapid1 a l&- or rock-slide1 an avalan*e1 or a tree snapp+ "u ! fury ( ! /orm :i* hurries !m to _! doom4 ,9 sil5ce !y suff] ! torm5ts ( ?ir/1 ! pangs ( hung]1 physical exhau/ion1 fro/bite1 sn[-bl9dness1 disease1 ! ho/ility ( mank9d & a ?\s& o!r dang]s4 ,:5 !y h em]g$ f ! ordeal !y laugh at _! exp]i5ces1 & consid] !m no m fe>some ?an ^? confront+ ! ord9>y city dwell] z he walks along a cr[d$ ?or\ghf>e4 ,z "o travels ov] ! railway ?r\gh ,mexico1 int]e/ is ar\s$ by f\r primitive little wood5 crosses beside ! track4 ,x is a small ,god's acre 9 an undulat+ expanse4 ,! probability is t x w\ld miss ! eye unless "o 7 b5t on its discov]y4 ,yet ^? f\r monum5ts tell a sil5t /ory ( grim adv5ture4 ,! ,mexican ,c5tral 0 be+ driv5 ?r\gh a ho/ile c\ntry1 & ! ,indians 7 be+ =c$ back rel5tlessly by its influ5ce4 ,!y 7 sull5 b n subdu$4 ,a little squad ( f\r surveyors 7 busily engag$ 9 pegg+ out ! pa? = ! l9e4 ,!y 7 deep 9 ! intricacies ( _! task4 ,sudd5ly !re 0 a savage blood-curdl+ :oop4 ,a horde ( ,indians1 9 ! full panoply ( w>-pa9t & fea!rs1 7 be>+ d[n ^u !m on mis*ief b5t4 ,! eng9e]s disc>d$ _! in/rum5ts hurri$ly & grabb$ _! rifles4 ,!y 7 outnumb]$ hopelessly1 b undaunt$1 !y kept blaz+ away1 pick+ (f _! foes ) t /ubbornness born ( despair4 ,!re 7 no ?\ghts ( surr5d] to ! implacable enemy4 ,nor c\ld !y hope = aid2 !y 7 too f> di/ant f _! base4 ,"o by "o !y fell1 & :5 at la/ _! comrades came up1 _! mutilat$ corpses 7 ! sole evid5ces ( t =lorn /ruggle4 ,to-day ^? f\r wood5 crosses s]ve to recall t grim episode4 ,su* dramatic incid5ts un=tunately 7 only too frequ5t 9 ! e>ly days ( railway build+ ^u ! ,am]ican cont95t1 ?\gh !y 7 f> f be+ peculi> to ! ,new ,_w4 ,!y h be51 & /ill are1 repeat$ occasionally 9 connection ) su* ent]prises 9 o!r p>ts ( ! globe4 ,x 0 only a ye> or two ago t "o ( ! mo/ f]oci\s acts ( savage b>b>ity1 su* z is difficult to p>allel 9 ! annals ( railway eng9e]+1 0 p]petrat$ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,only ! fr+e ( t va/ t]ritory has be5 op5$ up by ! iron horse4 ,! great] "p is m unkn[n to-day ?an ! l& ar\nd ! ,nor? ,pole4 ,a small p>ty ( eng9e]s set (f up c\ntry to map out a project$ ext5sion4 ,!y plung$ boldly into ! dep?s ( ! primeval =e/4 ,b !y nev] return$4 ,:at happ5$ :5 !y disappe>$ )9 ! tangl$ labyr9? ( trees no "o kn[s4 ,! "t slipp$ by1 & _! comrades outside1 frett+ at _! prolong$ abs5ce1 grew s al>m$ t a relief p>ty 0 organis$4 ,! wor/ 0 dread$1 = ! ho/ility ( ! natives to ! locomotive 0 kn[n only too well4 ,! relief p>ty advanc$ w>ily1 weapons 9 h&1 ready = ! slighte/ sign ( fight4 ,h[ev]1 !y 7 safe f mole/ation1 b _h n v5tur$ f> into ! tangl$ jungle be=e !y solv$ ! my/]y1 & 7 able to recon/ruct a tragic adv5ture only too reali/ically4 ,! /eps ( ! survey+ eng9e]s _h be5 dogg$ sil5tly & rel5tlessly by ! remorseless savages4 ,:5 ! =m] _h ga9$ a po9t suffici5tly remote f ! belt ( civilisation1 !y 7 laid l[ by poison$ arr[s4 ,! relief-p>ty acc\nt$ = e eng9e]1 b "o & all 7 beyond human succ\r4 ,!y 7 f\nd 9 a gruesome r[1 pois$ upside d[n1 ) /akes driv5 l5g?wise ?r\gh _! bodies & heads into ! gr\nd4 ,!y _h be5 p9n$ d[n ) no m compunction ?an ! s*ool-boy secures 8 etymological prize to a piece ( c>dbo>d4 ,a few ye>s ago ,briti% ,nor? ,borneo 0 ! sc5e ( a simil> disa/]4 ,x _h be5 decid$ to drive a railway f coa/ to coa/1 & a p>ty set out on ! reconnaissance1 z ! fir/ /ep 9 a new railway und]tak+ is call$4 ,! pa? lay ?r\gh ! d5se =e/ :i* _h nev] be5 p5etrat$ by ! :ite man1 & :]e ! dread$ ,head ,hunt]s held undisput$ sway4 ,! prospect 0 =bidd+ 9 ! extreme1 b x did n dismay ! eng9e]s :o plung$ fe>lessly into ! bu%4 ,z ! cr[ flies _! j\rney 0 only "o ( "s #aej miles1 b ! ?ick vegetation conceal$ difficulties innum]able4 ,t survey 0 doom$ to failure4 ,! p>ty 0 ov]:elm$ by ! ,dyaks & massacr$1 ) ! exception ( ?ree native port]s :o succe$$ 9 mak+ good _! escape4 ,aft] exp]i5c+ t]rible privations1 ?is trio rega9$ civilisation & communicat$ ! sad tid+s ( ! calamity4 ,= ye>s t /ret* ( =e/ defi$ conque/4 ,f9ally ano!r attempt 0 made to trav]se ! jungle1 & on ?is occasion no int]f]5ce to progress 0 (f]$4 ,! surveyors ga9$ ! opposite coa/ 9 ab\t six mon?s1 be+ call$ ^u to fight only "o enemy--disease4 ,x 0 a desp]ate plunge1 = ! p>ty _h to hack & hew its way foot by foot ?r\gh ! matt$ scrub & trees4 ,^! af=d in/ances ( ! ho/ility ( mank9d :i* =tunately to-day are enc\nt]$ b seldom4 ,x is ! ho/ility ( ,nature :i* is fe>$ m greatly n[4 ,yet ! "w possesses a fasc9at+ glam\r4 ,! exi/5ce ( difficulty only spurs ! det]m9$ to fur!r ef=t4 ,railway survey+ 9 ! ef=t to roll back ! map 9 a new c\ntry (f]s ! "y man all ! adv5ture 9 life t c be desir$4 ,z "o surveyor :o _h sp5t m ye>s ?an he c\ld rememb] 9 ! wilds betwe5 ,*9a & ,p]u rem>k$ to me1 8,if x is n ! natural difficulties or ! ho/ility ( ! natives :i* l5d v>iety to ! "w1 ! *ances are a hundr$ to "o t a revolution w fill ! gap1 especially 9 ,*9a or ! ,s\? ,am]icas40 ,at times ! "w is exasp]at+4 ,p]haps ! surveyor :o has be5 imprison$ = mon?s on end 9 an inhospitable c\ntry has be5 driv5 to 8 wits' end to f9d a practicable location :i* is immune f ! _m di/urbances ( ,nature4 ,by d9t ( supreme ef=t f9ally he discov]s a r\te :i* he congratulates himself to be absolutely safe1 only to receive a rude awak5+4 ,9 ! survey ( a new l9e ?r\gh ! ,rockies1 ! m\nta9s b>r+ ! eng9e]'s pa? _h a*iev$ an un5viable reputation1 ow+ to ! frequ5cy & sev]ity ( ! avalan*es t tore d[n _! /eep slopes e spr+4 ,! surveyor reconnoitr$ t m\nta9 *a9 f end to end1 obs]v$ e pa? t ! slides _h be5 kn[n to take1 se>*$ local records & que/ion$ ag$ inhabitants to make himself acqua9t$ ?or\ghly ) ! conditions4 ,at la/ he conclud$ t he _h elaborat$ a pa? = ! railway :i* 0 beyond ! de/ructive ef=ts ( ! p]iodical visitations & "w 0 comm5c$4 ,yet 9 ! fir/ spr+1 :ile ! con/ruction tra9 0 crawl+ along ) a load ( excavat$ spoil f ! m\nta9-side1 ! slipp+ sn[ dep>t$ f its accu/om$ pa?1 & 9 its desc5t caught ! unlucky tra91 ?rew x into ! gul* "s di/ance bel[1 ripp$ up ! metals1 buri$ ! grade b5ea? ?\s&s ( tons ( debris1 & oblit]at$ e ve/ige ( ! "w4 ,! surveyor mu/ be a man n to be daunt$ v easily 9 8 ent]prise1 n to be ca/ d[n by he>t-break+ failures1 & :o has ! capacity to ga!r tangible assi/ance f app>5tly insignificant trifles4 ,! se>* = a rift ?r\gh a fr[n+ m\nta9 wall (t5 is gall+ 9 its hopelessness4 ,:5 ! fir/ ,canadian trans-cont95tal l9e 0 be+ =c$ t[>ds ! ,pacific coa/1 ! cross+ ( ! ,rocky1 ,selkirk & ,gold ranges puzzl$ ! surveyors acutely4 ,walt] ,mob]ly1 a surveyor to ! mann] born1 0 deput$ to complete ! conque/ ( ! ,gold or ,columbia ,range4 ,! obvi\s pa? to foll[ 0 along ! bank ( ! mighty ,columbia ,riv]1 & ?is 0 tak5 by ,mob]ly4 ,yet ! ,gold ,range _h to be ?read$ some:]e & someh[1 ?\gh x appe>$ to defy p5etration4 ,he sp5t mon?s w&]+ up & d[n ! riv]1 endur+ h>d%ips indescribable1 seek+ = ! slighte/ brea* ?r\gh t t]rible wall1 wide en\gh to c>ry a pair ( metals1 b no gateway c\ld he f9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,,! ,,l(tie/ ,,bridge ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,! ,fades ,viaduct spann+ ! ,si\le ,riv] 9 ,france1 #a1ebf feet long4 ,! two masonry t[]s are ea* #cjd feet 9 height4 ,! c5tral span1 #dgb feet 9 l5g?1 0 built out f ea* t[]4 ,! railway l9e 9 ! c5tre ( ! bridge is #ddj feet above ! riv]4 ,we>y & sick at he>t at ! fruitlessness ( 8 endeav\rs1 he 0 "o day return+ despond5tly to camp4 ,he 0 compell$ well-nigh to admit failure4 ,sudd5ly he espi$ an eagle :eel+ ov] 8 head4 ,he foll[$ its movem5ts some:at non*alantly1 until he saw x make directly = ! ,columbia m\nta9s4 ,!n 8 he>t gave a ?ump6 ,w\ld ! bird rise & cle> _! l(ty summits or w\ld x sweep ?r\gh a rift8 ,foll[+ its flight ?r\gh ! air1 he saw ! bird give a maje/ic dip d[nw>ds t[>ds ! *a94 ,he turn$ ! head ( 8 jad$ horse1 & digg+ 8 spurs into its flanks1 sp$ 9 ! wake ( ! bird4 ,onw>d x flew z /raight z an arr[ t[>ds a project+ cre/1 :]e x made a %>p turn & 0 lo/ to sight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,driv+ ,a ,,cutt+ #ajj ,,feet ,,deep ,,by ,,! ,,aid ,,( ,,dynamite ,,& ,,/eam ,,%ovels ,,?r\gh ,,slate ,,on ,,! ,,delaw>e1 ,,lackawanna ,,& ,,we/]n ,,railway1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,mob]ly gallop$ madly =w>d ) 8 eyes glu$ to t crag4 ,he nev] turn$ 8 head1 fe>+ 8 sight might play him false1 & 0 oblivi\s to /umbles & lur*es z 8 /e$ fell ov] logs & slipp$ among b\ld]s 9 its mad c>e]4 ,he swung r\nd ! cre/1 & !re be=e 8 eyes ! peaks 7 roll$ back on ei!r side1 leav+ a broad canyon1 & ( su* a "* t ,nature appe>$ to h fa%ion$ x expressly = ! advance ( ! /eel highway4 ,! ,columbia range 0 conqu]$4 ,x 0 by pure accid5t t x _h be5 f\nd1 b x 0 an accid5t :i* culm9at$ a prolong$ indu/ri\s que/4 ,indebt$ to 8 success to ! mon>* ( ! air ,mob]ly *ri/5$ ! break 9 ! rocky wall 8,eagle ,pass10 & x is ?r\gh t gul* to-day t ! ,canadian ,pacific makes its way to ! we/]n sea4 ,z "o sweeps betwe5 ! massive ice-cr[n$ tee? ( ! m\nta9s "o may see ! site ( ! olde/ cab9 9 ! m\nta9s1 :]e ! indefatigable ,mob]ly pass$ ! w9t] ( #ahga-b complet+ ! prelim9>y surveys = ! l9e among ! fa/nesses ( ! ,columbia ,m\nta9s4 ,! task ( plann+ ! location ?r\gh su* brok5 c\ntry is att5d$ ) ! grave/ dang]s1 reliev$ ) excit+ adv5tures4 ,at places among ! peaks a foo?old on t]ra firma = ! manipulation ( ! survey in/rum5ts is impossible4 ,!n massive tree-logs are l[]$ into ! gul* a few feet above ! rag+ foam ( a wick$ m\nta9 torr5t1 & along ?is sl5d] /ag+ ! surveyor has to crawl to c>ry out 8 task4 ,life (t5 hangs ^u ! v]itable ?read4 ,x may be t logs _c be ?r[n ov] ! cliff face4 ,!n ! surveyor has to don a lea!rn wai/-belt fitt$ ) a heavy swivel to :i* a rope is atta*$4 ,9 ?is way he is swung ov] ! edge ( a cliff to op]ate 8 level & transit along ! face ( a precipice :]e no foo?old exi/s4 ,sometimes x becomes imp]ative to h rec\rse to dynamite to bla/ out a l$ge along :i* to advance4 ,_m a promis+ "y eng9e] has gone to 8 la/ acc\nt 9 "w ( su* a desp]ate "*4 ,9 ! survey ( :at is n[ ! ,d5v] & ,rio ,gr&e ?r\gh "o ( ,colorado's yawn+ canyons1 a "y assi/ant _h to be l[]$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,half-a-doz5 lab\r]s grasp$ ! end ( ! rope & /eadi$ ! surveyor 9 8 desc5t ov] ! p]il\s edge4 ,f ! br9k to ! bottom ( ! canyon 0 a matt] ( #bjj feet or s /raight d[n4 ,9 a few seconds ! "y fell[ 0 dangl+ betwixt e>? & sky1 /eady+ 8 desc5t z be/ he c\ld d[n ! face ( ! cliff4 ,sudd5ly !re 0 a cry ( al>m6 ,! rope-man ne>e/ ! cliff edge notic$ t ! rope 0 be>+ ^u a piece ( rock ! edge ( :i* 0 z ke5 z t ( a razor4 ,! rope _h be5 sawn almo/ 9 two4 ,l[]+ /opp$4 ,! two m5 ru%$ =w>d to grasp ! rope bel[ ! po9t ( p5d+ rupture to ease ! /ra94 ,b !y 7 too late4 ,!re 0 a slight tremor1 ! la/ /r& snapp$1 & be=e ! rope-m5 realis$ ! situation z ! end hung limply 9 _! h&s1 ! cry ( ! lo/ eng9e] z he tumbl$ ?r\gh ! air 0 e*o$ f ! dep?s ( ! canyon4 ,life 9 ! field is indisputably h>d & exact+1 & ! task is (t5 aggravat$ by ! sc>city1 or monotony1 ( ! food4 ,?is condition ( affairs1 h[ev]1 is incomp>ably bett] to-day ?an x 0 ?irty ye>s ago4 ,! surveyors are t5d$ m ?\ghtfully ?an !y 7 !n1 & ! p]fection ( food-pres]v+ sci5ce has enabl$ a camp n[ to be provision$ ) ta/y come/ibles :i* =m]ly 7 unkn[n4 ,pork1 beans & bannock--a sub/itute = bread made f fl\r & bacon fat ) a little bak+-p[d]--con/itut$ ! /aple articles ( diet1 v>i$ ) fi% f ! /reams1 game f ! =e/s & wild fruits4 ,! bread 0 (t5 mu/y1 = imm]sion "t aft] "t 9 a torr5t & /orage ^u damp gr\nd did n improve ! flav\r ( ! fl\r by any means4 ,! pork or bacon (t5 0 rancid1 :ile ! cook 0 inv>iably an execrable expon5t ( ! cul9>y art1 & 8 bannock play$ sad havoc ) ! dige/ive organs ( ! human body4 ,little wond] t ! m51 "u su* conditions1 s\ght to secure additions to ! m5u f ! riv]s by me?ods decid$ly unsportsmanlike1 b ! 8end ju/ifi$ ! means02 or delight$ 9 be> /eaks & v5ison4 ,extreme altitudes su* z h to be atta9$ 9 ord] to cross ! ,&es und]m9e ! /ronge/ con/itutions & r5d] ! surveyor's "w increas+ly difficult4 ,/ruggl+1 crawl+ & slipp+ among crags & loose rocks inflict+ cuts & bruises is ardu\s "w inde$1 b :5 ! human frame is rack$ by ! tortures ( soro*t1 or m\nta9 sickness1 ! surveyor's plight is to be piti$ 9 v tru?4 ,9 su* climes ! cold & w9ds are pitiless1 ! movem5ts ( ! !rmomet] betwe5 midnight & noon are enorm\s1 ! fluctuation 9 "s cases be+ z mu* z a hundr$ degrees 9 ! c\rse ( twelve h\rs4 ,9 ! middle ( ! day ! heat is well-nigh unbe>able1 & ! surveyor gladly disc>ds 8 out] clo?+4 ,at night he f9ds x no simple matt] to keep w>m1 = ! m]cury desc5ds to a v l[ level & fro/ prevails4 ,! w9ds too are s cutt+ & p5etrat+ t x requires elaborate & special clo?+ aft] d>k to keep w>m4 ,n[ & aga9 a situation develops :i* relieves ! monotony ( ! daily r\nd ( /ruggle aga9/ ! =ces ( ,nature4 ,s\? ,am]ica is pre-em95tly ! home ( ^! humor\s incid5ts4 ,! concession = ! con/ruction ( a railway ?r\gh "o ( ! tropical republics _h be5 grant$1 & no "t 0 lo/ 9 pu%+ =w>d ) ! prelim9>y surveys4 ,b :5 ! m5 ) ! transit & level rea*$ a c]ta9 city !y 7 surpris$ to meet ) unveil$ opposition4 ,! municipal au?orities po9t-blankly refus$ to p]mit ! surveyors to c>ry out _! "w 9 ! prec9cts ( ! city4 ,see+ t ! latt] 0 to b5efit mo/ly f ! /eel l9k1 ! attitude 0 some:at inexplicable at fir/ sight4 ,a little reflection1 h[ev]1 ^u ! ,s\? ,am]ican me?ods ( transact+ bus9ess conv9c$ ! surveyor t brib]y 0 ! root ( ! tr\ble4 ,he report$ ! int]ruption to 8 sup]iors1 ^: repres5tatives hurri$ to ! city to fa?om ! reason = ! unexpect$ opposition4 ,x 0 z ! surveyor _h surmis$4 ,! civic au?orities w\ld p]mit ! iron horse to ent] ! city if ! concession>ies w\ld make a h&some contribution to ! municipal improvem5t fund--expla9$ ! mayor4 8,well1 h[ mu* d y want80 rem>k$ ! concession>ies1 :o inw>dly _h n ov]look$ ?is cont+5cy4 ,! mayor c\ld n say (f-h&1 & accord+ly sev]al delays occurr$ until ?is vital consid]ation 0 arrang$4 ,z a result ( ! prolong$ p>leys ! concession>ies und]took to deliv] a c]ta9 sum ( money to ! city4 ,! bullion 0 dispat*$ =?) & rea*$ ! city ! night be=e paym5t 0 due1 s z to prev5t ! au?orities to )draw f ! b>ga9 on ! plea t ! concession>ies 7 dilatory4 ,b law & ord] 7 n en=c$ v /rongly1 & ! surveyor1 ) 8 companions1 ent]ta9$ c]ta9 qualms4 ,accord+ly !y decid$ to m\nt gu>d ov] ! build+ 9 :i* !y 7 pass+ ! night 9 case ( ev5tualities1 at ! same "t secur+ a goodly supply ( arms & ammunition4 ,z ! fir/ /reaks ( dawn light$ ! sc5e ! gu>d ?\ght he descri$ ! =ms ( m5 creep+ along ! gr\nd 9 ! gloom4 ,sil5tly he r\s$ 8 companions1 & ) fire>ms cock$ !y wait$ developm5ts4 ,n a sign ( movem5t 0 display$ among ! inmates1 & ! robb]s sil5tly =c$ an entrance ?r\gh ! w9d[s & door4 ,once inside ! build+ !y 7 greet$ ) a w>m fusillade ( lead1 & 9 accordance ) ! *>act]i/ics ( _! ilk1 !y did n /op to reply1 b beat z hurri$ retreat z !y c\ld "u ! assi/ance ( bullets1 leav+ "s ( _! numb] hors de combat4 ,:5 day broke ! besieg$ p>ty exam9$ ! fruits ( _! m>ksman%ip1 & to _! int5se surprise discov]$ t ! dead includ$ ! mayor ( ! city1 & "o or two ( 8 companions :o _h c>ri$ out ! negotiations = ! contribution to ! improvem5t fund1 & :o _h be5 s rem>kably solicit\s conc]n+ ! city's welf>e6 ,x w be realis$ t ! surveyor :o und]takes ! plott+ ( ! l9e ?r\gh a new c\ntry mu/ be a man ( illimitable res\rce & capacity1 & at ! same "t ready to meet any developm5t4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 h[ev]1 t ! "w1 f its adv5tur\s aspect1 appeals /rongly to ! "y eng9e] anxi\s to get away f monoton\s r\t9e4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,romance ,,( ,,con/ruction ,?\gh ! task ( decid+ ! pa? = ! railway teems ) excitem5t1 adv5ture & privation1 ! battle ) ,nature comm5ces 9 grim e>ne/ :5 ! con/ructional eng9e] arrives on ! sc5e4 ,on pap] x seems a simple task to foll[ ! location z indicat$ by an unbrok5 r[ ( wood5 /akes1 b to c>ry ! surveyors' "w to completion1 & to comply ) requirem5ts z to grades & curves1 (t5 proves a he>t-r5d+ und]tak+4 ,no matt] h[ =midable any ob/ruction may appe>1 x is ! "w ( ! build] to beat x d[n2 to ov]come x by "s means or o!r ) ! m9imum ( exp5se4 ,he mu/ be baulk$ by no?+4 ,su* a task dem&s a man ( illimitable res\rce & inf9ite +5uity1 conv]sant ) e phase ( civil eng9e]+4 ,at ! same "t he mu/ possess ! happy faculty ( be+ able to organise great armies ( m5 ( all nationalities1 & 9 su* a mann] t he c get ! utmo/ out ( !m4 ,?is is a se>*+ difficulty4 ,! camp ( to-day ^u a l>ge railway und]tak+ is a het]og5e\s mass ( humanity2 ! confusion ( tongues at ! ,t[] ( ,babel c\ld n h be5 m emb>rass+4 ,i h liv$ among ! camps ( ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & among a hundr$ m5 x has be5 no uncommon circum/ance to f9d repres5tatives ( a doz5 diff]5t tongues4 ,! control ( su* m5 is r5d]$ all ! m complex = ! reason t 9 ! majority ( cases !y h little or no k ( any language b _! own4 ,x is n until !y h be5 9 "o ano!r's company = sev]al weeks t int]-conv]sation becomes possible4 ,9 addition to ?is drawback !re are always ! peculi> tr\bles incid5tal to racial & religi\s prejudices confront+ ! comm&]-9-*ief1 & at times he is h>d press$ to pres]ve ord] & au?ority4 ,?is tr\ble is n exp]i5c$ to any great degree 9 connection ) railway build+ op]ations 9 ,great ,brita91 b abroad ! initial difficulties ( ?is "* are exasp]at+ to a sup]lative degree1 m especially :]e reliance has to be made ^u native lab\r4 ,! workm5 h to be educat$ into ! use ( lab\r- & "t-sav+ implem5ts4 ,?is is no easy matt]4 ,! native ent]ta9s /rong op9ions conc]n+ 8 own ability1 & ! conv]sion f ! primitive to ! up-to-date sci5tific has to be effect$ gradually & unconsci\sly1 a task :i* dem&s consid]able tact & pati5ce4 ,a great am\nt ( "t mu/ be exp5d$ necess>ily 9 ! e>ly days to drill su* raw mat]ial1 b p]sev]ance & an equable temp] are ! only virtues4 ,9 ,mexico ! railway pione]s f\nd x almo/ hopeless to impress ^u ! pons1 z ! navvies are call$1 t to c>ry balla/ 9 a basket slung ^u ! back 0 n to be comp>$ 9 spe$ & effici5cy ) conveyance by small trucks pu%$ along a tramroad4 ,x 0 only by c>ry+ out ! "w !mselves 9 ?is m mod]n mann] t ! eng9e]s c\ld tea* !m ! sup]ior advantage ( ?is me?od1 ) its sp>+ ( ef=t & fatigue4 ,9 fact1 ! only way "o c conv]t ! raw native to ideas entirely =eign to 8 own cu/om is to %[ him h[ he c save himself tr\ble4 ,!n he w adopt ! idea ) alacrity4 ,n[ & aga91 h[ev]1 ! :ite man1 despite 8 +5uity 9 ! devis+ ( "t-& lab\r-sav+ appliances1 has to b[ to ! inevitable4 ,= in/ance1 9 ,india ! ,h9doos toil at su* a l[ daily wage t 9 _m phases ( "w ! wond]s ( me*anical inv5tion _c comp>e ) _! crude ef=ts 9 *eapness4 ,x comes z a heavy bl[ to ! eng9e]'s pride to realise t he mu/ ab&on 8 elaborate plant & t ! native holds ! balance betwe5 failure & success4 ,aga91 9 ! ,s\? ,am]icas ! laissez-faire attitude ( ! inhabitants galls him to ! quick4 ,9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,new ,_w ! policy is 8,nev] d to-day :at c be done to-morr[10 & ! native acts up to ! v lett] ( ! aphorism4 ,religi\s fe/ivals1 ea* ( :i* is reg>d$ z a holiday1 occur ) ! mo/ tantaliz+ frequ5cy4 ,x is no uncommon circum/ance = two or ?ree su* orgies--!y sc>cely c be describ$ z any?+ else--to occur 9 a week1 & ! lab\r] is a comm5dable zealot 9 ! obs]vance ( ! religi\s fea/s4 ,! eng9e] may fret & fume at ! delay1 b unless he is 9 a position to recruit outside lab\r he mu/ tol]ate ! frequ5t int]ruptions 9 ! "w ) ! be/ grace he c mu/]4 ,9 ! m\nta9\s regions ( ,s\? ,am]ica ! native kn[s only too well t he holds an unassailable advantage1 = he is accu/om$ to ! r>efi$ atmosph]e enc\nt]$ 9 ! extreme altitudes1 :]eas x plays sad havoc ) ! /ronge/ con/itutions ( ,europeans4 ,/range to say1 "o ( ! mo/ consci5ti\s workm5 9 railway build+1 z 9 o!r fields ( indu/rial endeav\r1 is ! ,*9aman4 ,f a cursory po9t ( view ?is appe>s inexplicable1 b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t a ,cele/ial's ^w is 8 bond4 ,johnny w haggle & argue = h\rs ov] a b>ga91 b :5 he f9ally accepts ! t]ms he w fulfil ! contract to ! lett]1 ev5 %\ld he asc]ta9 be=e he has complet$ ! task t x involves him 9 a p]sonal loss4 ,i h se5 ^! m5 pick up _! tools z ! clock /ruck ! h\r = comm5c+ ! daily task1 plod along quietly & cont9ually until ! h\r ( cessation1 & give an indisputably good return = _! daily wage4 ,c ! same be said ( ! workm5 ( any o!r nationality8 ,i am afraid n4 ,9 fact1 ! /ead9ess ( ! ,*9aman has become s fam\s & has prov$ s reliable t x is safe to say t _m ( ! bigge/ railways ( ! day nev] w\ld h be5 complet$ b = 8 aid4 ,x enabl$ ! fir/ trans-cont95tal l9e to be c>ri$ across ! ,unit$ ,/ates to l9k ,new ,york ) ,san ,francisco2 ?r\gh ,ori5tal lab\r ! ,canadian ,pacific 0 consummat$1 & _m ano!r great und]tak+ ( a l nature c\ld tell a simil> /ory4 ,! same _s prevails :5 ! sc5e ( activity is remov$ to ,*9a itself4 ,! ,cele/ial may ent]ta9 qua9t ideas conc]n+ ! iron road & its scope ( utility4 ,he may slave h>d to-day lay+ ! track1 m]ely to pull x up aga9 on ! morr[ on ! plea t x is di/urb+ ! spirits ( 8 ance/ors4 ,b nev]!less he completes 8 "p ( ! b>ga9 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,/rikes are unkn[n & disputes nev] arise unless ! employ] decl9es to /& by 8 side ( ! contract4 ,*9a is p]meat$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) secret societies or ,guilds--,trade ,unions1 if y l--to "o or o!r ( :i* e ,cele/ial belongs4 ,! :ite eng9e] :5 he fir/ arrives 9 ! c\ntry f9ds x v difficult to make headway1 b 9 reality he is on probation 9 ! eyes ( ! ,ori5tals4 ,!y are wat*+ closely 8 me?ods1 fa?om+ 8 code ( hon\r1 8 capacity = h&l+ m5--9 fact1 are inve/igat+ him j z closely z if he 7 "u a microscope4 ,once he has e/abli%$ 8 reputation & has inspir$ confid5ce1 he ne$ ent]ta9 no fur!r appreh5sions conc]n+ tr\ble4 ,yet ! ,cele/ials h _! own peculi> & effective way ( settl+ disputes among !mselves4 ,! eng9e] 9 ne$ ( a few ?\s& m5 negotiates = brawn & muscle ?r\gh a middle-man or lab\r contractor4 ,! eng9e] concludes 8 b>ga9 ) ?is wor?y1 & ! latt] makes 8 own t]ms ) ! m54 ,he recruits ! navvies at a c]ta9 wage1 :i* he takes c>e to leave him a wide m>g9 ( pr(it4 ,occasionally he w be too grasp+ & w resort to sweat+ tactics4 ,:5 ! lab\r]s f9d ?is out tr\ble looms ahead4 ,! m5 report ! matt] to _! ,guilds1 :o take ! av>ici\s middle-man 9 h& & make him disgorge "s ( 8 ill-gott5 ga9s4 ,if he refuses1 well1 "o day ! contractor is miss+1 & nev] is se5 aga9 by ! eng9e]4 ,no que/ions are ask$ & no explanations = 8 disappe>ance are (f]$4 ,he has settl$ 8 acc\nt ) ! ,guilds to 8 own p]sonal disadvantage4 ,! eng9e]1 h[ev]1 kn[s no?+ ab\t ! dissatisfaction until he obs]ves ! abs5ce ( ! contractor1 = ! "w meantime cont9ues its daily r\nd undi/urb$4 ,al?\gh lab\r is a vital consid]ation1 x is b "o cog 9 ! complex ma*9e by means ( :i* ! iron road is driv5 =w>d ?r\gh a new c\ntry4 ,)\t tools ! ef=ts ( ! navvy w\ld c\nt = naught1 & z "t has roll$ by inv5tive ef=t & eng9e]+ skill h contriv$ m & m wond]ful devices to enable ! epo*-mak+ "w to be fulfill$ 9 ! %orte/ space ( "t4 ,!re is ! /eam %ovel1 :i* w remove two & a half cubic y>ds ( miscellane\s rubble ) e sw+ ( its pond]\s arm2 ! grad]1 :]eby ! soil is pl\gh$ up & displac$ by an endless *a9 ( buckets into capaci\s wagons = removal2 ! drag %ovel1 a huge scoop atta*$ to ! end ( a *a9 :i* is pull$ along ! gr\nd f a /ation>y po9t by /eam p[]1 becom+ *>g$ ) mat]ial 9 its progress1 & ?us fa%ion+ ! cutt+2 ! monitor1 :]eby tons ( gravel are wa%$ d[n ! m\nta9-side "u ! dis9tegrat+ =ce ( a p[]ful jet ( wat] simil> to a fireman's hose2 & a ho/ ( o!r wond]ful implem5ts1 all devis$ = ! express purpose ( exp$it+ ! "w 9 h&4 ,gunp[d] & dynamite are invaluable h&maids1 & to-day are us$ ) an a/oni%+ prodigality4 ,inde$1 :5 ! advance is ?r\gh rock _! s]vices are indisp5sable4 ,crags1 cliffs & ev5 :ole hills are bl[n away bodily by _! ag5cy1 & ! co/ (t5 runs into ?\s&s ( p\nds1 m9iature volcanoes be+ produc$ by ! upheavals4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,railway ,,con/ruction ,,camp ,,among ,,! ,,m\nta9s ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,a ,,high ,,bank ,,on ,,! ,,delaw>e1 ,,lackawanna ,,& ,,we/]n ,,railway1 ,u4,s4,a41 ,,by ,,mod]n ,,me?ods ,an ov]head cableway 0 /ret*$ across ! depression1 f :i* a sw++ l9e 0 susp5d$1 & on :i* ! trucks 7 back$ to be empti$4 ,^? :o h travell$ ov] _m rem>kable railway sy/ems 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w :]e /rik+ evid5ces ( ! eng9e]'s skill are app>5t ^u a lib]al scale1 h po9t$ to ! abs5ce ( any su* evid5ces ( activity 9 ^! isl&s--8,! ,home ( ! ,railway40 ,b ?is to a c]ta9 degree is inevitable4 ,! eng9e] 0 n fac$ ) su* physical conditions :5 he essay$ to gridiron ?is c\ntry z confront$ him 9 ! ,am]icas or ,asia4 ,!re are no t[]+ ranges ( et]nally sn[-wrea!d m\nta9s to ov]come1 no wildly boil+ wide riv]s to span1 no yawn+ canyons to ?read or /ret*es ( /]ile des]t to trav]se4 ,yet :5 ,/eph5son & 8 contempor>ies s\ght to a*ieve ! railway conque/ ( ,great ,brita9 !y enc\nt]$ _m ob/acles :i* to !m1 ) _! crude appliances1 7 e :it z /up5d\s z ^? :i* re> up be=e ! eng9e] to-day1 al?\gh he is equipp$ ) an ext5sive assortm5t ( heavy artill]y to assi/ him 9 8 conte/ aga9/ ! =ces ( ,nature4 ,moreov]1 "s ( ! exp$i5ts :i* ,/eph5son evolv$ to ov]come a difficult situation are practis$ to-day m]ely because ! int]v5+ eighty ye>s h n provid$ any bett] solution ( a problem ( a simil> "*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,huge ,,/eam ,,%ovel ,,:i* ,,takes ,,"s #c ,,tons ,,( ,,spoil ,,) ,,e ,,bite ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,drag-,,l9e ,,%ovel ,,:i* ,,scoops ,,up ,,! ,,e>? ,,9 ,,! ,,cutt+ ,,z ,,x ,,is ,,pull$ ,,along ,,! ,,railway ,,build]s' ,,heavy ,,artill]y ,e "o has read h[ ,/eph5son 0 = a "t nonpluss$ by ! trea*]\s bog ,*at ,moss1 across :i* n[ spe$ ! expresses ( ! ,london ,nor?-,we/]n railway4 ,x is ! l>ge/ /ret* ( swamp 9 ! c\ntry1 & _m wiseacres prophesi$ t !re ,/eph5son w\ld meet 8 ,wat]loo :5 he essay$ to c>ry ! ,man*e/] ,liv]pool railway ov] its un/able surface4 ,yet ,/eph5son plodd$ along unconc]n$ & a*iev$ success 9 a novel mann]4 ,he laid bran*es ( trees & h$ge cutt+s ^u ! surface ( ! bog1 & ^u ! s(te/ pat*es press$ hurdles int]tw9$ ) hea!r into s]vice4 ,^u ?is network he laid a lay] ( rock & gravel1 :i* caus$ ! f\ndation to s9k some:at into ! morass4 ,?is =m$ ! p]man5t way1 & its peculi> "* provok$ m ?an "o scornful criticism4 ,b its /ability conf\nd$ ! critics4 ,to-day 9 =eign c\ntries :]e huge /ret*es ( swamp b> ! progress ( ! iron road ! self-same pr9ciple is adopt$1 & x is kn[n z 8corduroy+0 or 8cross-way+40 ,9 ! nor!rn ,/ates1 ,canada & ,sib]ia--! latt] c\ntry & ,canada especially--! 8muskeg10 or 8tundra10 z ?is trea*]\s l& is call$1 (t5 /ret*es = miles4 ,"o c s\nd x s$ul\sly to a great dep?1 & !n w fail to t\* ! bottom4 ,! sodd5$ decay$ vegetable matt] m]ely fills a l>ge depression :i* _c be dra9$4 ,! build]s wa/e no "t attempt+ to build up a solid e>!n embankm5t re/+ on ! subm]g$ solid floor ( ! bog4 ,!y fa%ion a huge mattress ( trees4 ,l>ge trunks are laid horizontally & longitud9ally to ! track4 ,^u ^! are laid transv]sely two or ?ree lay]s ( %ort] logs1 ! :ole be+ secur$ toge!r firmly4 ,a topmo/ lay] ( bran*es =m+ a k9d ( ?at*+ completes ! /ructure4 ,at times ^! mattresses assume respectable proportions4 ,i h /ood beside "s almo/ z ?ick z a man is tall1 & !y con/itut$ q =midable pieces ( "w4 ,:5 ! corduroy is complet$ a lay] ( rock is appli$1 & ^u ?is is dump$ ! gravel & o!r mat]ial =m+ ! embankm5t4 ,"u ! weight ?us sup]impos$ ! mattress s9ks deeply into ! morass & re/s firmly4 ,! e>!n ridge is cont9u$ to ! requisite height2 ! :ole ( ! embankm5t = ! track re/s ^u ! fabrication ( tree-trunks4 ,yet ! :ole is j z solid z if re/+ ^u granite4 ,"o might rem>k t x appe>s an indiff]5t f\ndation ^u :i* to pile up a mass ( e>? weigh+ sev]al hundr$ tons1 & t 9 a %ort "t ! wood1 "u decomposition & collapse1 w\ld precipitate a subsid5ce4 ,b z a matt] ( fact1 ! corduroy gr[s /rong] ) e pass+ day4 ,! wood imm]s$ 9 ! visc\s liquid & pres]v$ f all contact ) ! atmosph]e becomes wat]logg$1 until at la/ x assumes ! "* ( bog-oak & is practically inde/ructible4 ,/eph5son 0 call$ ^u to cope ) ano!r critical situation ^u ! same railway4 ,! great tunnel at ,kilsby 0 9 c\rse ( con/ruction1 b "w _h n proce$$ v f> :5 ! contractors /ruck a l>ge pocket ( wat] & quicks&4 ,!y combat$ ?is adv]s>y = sev]al mon?s1 & !n1 unable to make any appreciable headway1 ?rew up ! contract4 ,ef=ts 7 made to induce o!r firms to accept ! task1 b 9 va94 ,at la/ ,/eph5son 0 call$ ^u to rescue ! und]tak+ f failure4 ,! outlook 0 f> f promis+1 = ! %aft 0 be+ sunk ?r\gh mat]ial :i* ! eng9e] always reg>ds askance--a %ale--:ile ! fault 9 :i* repos$ a l>ge volume ( wat] & s& 0 ( l>ge proportions4 ,/eph5son conclud$ t ! be/ way to cope ) ! problem 0 to pump out ! wat] fir/1 & accord+ly he rigg$ up an elaborate plant capable ( h&l+ #a1hjj gallons p] m9ute1 & ?is 0 kept go+ day & night4 ,ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 x 0 only by sup]human ef=t t ! wat] 0 kept d[n4 ,"o day aft] ,/eph5son _h be5 on ! sc5e ab\t six mon?s1 ! wat] got ! upp] h& & flood$ ! tunnel to su* a dep? t ! m5 & mat]ials _h to be float$ 9 on rafts4 ,?is und]tak+1 h[ev]1 s]v$ to demon/rate to ^? anxi\s to p>ticipate 9 railway-build+ speculations h[ e/imat$ exp5ses = def9ite "w might be s5t a/ray s]i\sly1 & h[ =midable & ubiquit\s 0 ! unexpect$ factor 9 su* "w4 ,! orig9al contractor (f]$ to complete ! burr[1 #g1afi feet 9 l5g?1 "u ! ,kilsby ,ridge = "s #ij1jjj4 ,by ! "t ! la/ brick ( ! l9+ _h be5 laid & ! tunnel 0 ready = use ov] #cjj1jjj _h be5 exp5d$4 ,! attempt to pi]ce ?is tunnel at t "t1 h[ev]1 0 a f> m difficult ent]prise ?an x w\ld be to-day4 ,! eng9e]s _h n ! p[]ful m>vell\s appliances su* z s]ve ! contractor's purposes n[4 ,electric en]gy 0 unkn[n1 ! hydraulic %ield = driv+ tunnels _h yet to be inv5t$1 ! /eam %ovel _h n be5 ?\ght (--9 %ort1 ! contractor 0 h&icapp$ on e side by ! crude "* ( 8 tools4 ,"s ( ^! appliances :i* ! mod]n railway-build] uses are little %ort ( wond]ful1 bo? 9 "t- & lab\r-sav+ qualities1 & ! majority h be5 born ( necessity4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! e>ly railway days on ! ,am]ican cont95t too mu* "t w\ld h be5 occupi$ 9 build+ l(ty e>!n embankm5ts among ! m\nta9s4 ,accord+ly ! rifts & gullies 7 spann$ by timb] tre/les4 ,b ! woodwork 0 p]i%able1 & !re 0 always ! risk ( fire demoli%+ ! /ructure & precipitat+ disa/] to a pass+ tra94 ,! obvi\s rem$y 0 to replace ! wood by metal1 b ! exp5se 0 a det]r5t factor4 ,"o day a workman on "o ( ! m\nta9 sections sugge/$ t ! woodwork %\ld be left intact1 b buri$ b5ea? a mass ( e>?4 ,! sugge/ion 0 receiv$ ) ridicule because1 z ! divisional eng9e] po9t$ out1 sev]al ?\s& m5 & sev]al hundr$ trucks & doz5s ( locomotives w\ld be requir$ to h&le ! mat]ial1 :ile ! "t ! task w\ld occupy 0 incalculable4 ,! workman li/5$ to ! criticisms1 & !n int]pos$ ) ! quiet comm5t t he did n sugge/ us+ any tra9s & trucks1 & t a few doz5 m5 w\ld be ample to complete ! "w4 ,! divisional eng9e] 0 some:at a/oni%$1 & at fir/ ?\ght ! man _h tak5 leave ( 8 s5ses4 ,!n ! workman reveal$ 8 int5tions4 ,he w\ld n resort to /eam %ovels or any o!r device ( t "*4 ,he _h obs]v$ m9utely & te/$ ! p[] ( a jet ( wat]1 & consequ5tly _h conceiv$ an idea to wa% d[n masses ( gravel by means ( v p[]ful jets ( wat]4 ,!re 0 no ne$ ev5 to rig up a /eam eng9e & pump to supply ! requisite =ce to ! wat] fly+ f ! nozzle4 ,high up on ! m\nta9-side 0 a creek4 ,a dam c\ld be ?r[n across ?is torr5t at little co/1 & ! p5t-up wat] c\ld be l$ d[n to ! work+ site bel[ ?r\gh pip+1 & ! pressure ?us secur$ by gravitation w\ld be m ?an ample = ! purpose4 ,! gravel z wa%$ out ( ! hillside w\ld be direct$ into wood5 conduits & l$ to po9ts ar\nd ! tre/les1 :]e x w\ld be dis*>g$ to build up ! embankm5t4 ,x 0 a simple means ( ov]com+ a p]plex+ difficulty4 ,! divisional eng9e] 0 s impress$ ) its feasibility t he secur$ ! requisite p]mission = ! workman to put 8 sugge/ion into practical =m4 ,! creek 0 damm$ by ?r[+ trees f bank to bank1 & f ! little pond ?us =m$ ! wat] 0 l$ sev]al hundr$ feet d[n ! m\nta9-side ?r\gh pipes to ! l>ge nozzles4 ,a small network ( timb] conduits 7 fa%ion$ to convey ! displac$ gravel to ! feet ( ! timb] tre/le4 ,9 a %ort "t "w 0 comm5c$1 & z ! jets ( wat] /ruck aga9/ ! solid face ( ! m\nta91 ! s(t e>? & gravel 7 wa%$ out at trem5d\s spe$4 ,heavy /reams ( mud p\r$ d[n ! conduits4 ,! hill disappe>$ l magic "u ! sc\r+ action ( ! h>ness$ wat]1 to reappe> 9 a symmetrically-%ap$ ridge ar\nd ! woodwork1 :i* grew rapidly 9 height until ! level ( ! railway 0 ga9$4 ,! embankm5t ?us =m$ 0 f\nd to be z solid & /able z if built by dump+1 & ! :ole task 0 accompli%$ 9 a few weeks4 ,:ile ! "w 0 9 progress ! *ief eng9e] & 8 lieut5ant visit$ ! spot & wat*$ ! build+ ( ! embankm5t by hydraulic sluic+ ) int5se int]e/4 ,its complete success 9 ?is initial exp]im5t secur$ its adoption1 & 9 a %ort space ( "t1 :]e ! conditions p]mitt$1 all ! tre/les among ! m\nta9s 7 buri$ b5ea? a ridge ( e>? built up by a jet ( wat]4 ,:ile ,i 0 be+ %[n "s ( ! mo/ impressive pieces ( railway eng9e]+ among ! ,cascades1 my cic]one1 an ,engli% eng9e] & railway-build]1 aft] describ+ ! features :]eby ! ,great ,nor!rn railway is tak5 d[n to ! coa/1 rem>k$1 8,i wond] :at ,brunel w\ld h done among ^! m\nta9s8 ,i guess he w\ld h revell$ 9 ! difficulties !y (f]$40 ,!re is no d\bt t ! great eng9e] w\ld h f\nd ! asc5t ( ! /eep slopes & ! cross+ ( ! great gul*es an ext5sive field = ! ex]cise ( 8 g5ius4 ,8 "w among ! vales ( ,cornwall & along ! rugg$ sea%ore ( ,wickl[1 ,irel&1 indicate ?is fact only too pla9ly4 ,9 ^! two di/ricts are to be f\nd ! ne>e/ approa*es to spectacul> "w t ^! isl&s c af=d4 ,true !re are no wond]ful loops & great t]races w9d+ up & d[n m\nta9-sides1 b !re is ! d>+ & l(ty spann+ ( yawn+ valleys1 & ! driv+ ( a n>r[ pa?way along /eep rocky slopes4 ,= some?+ l half a c5tury ,brunel's spid]y timb] viaducts ( ,cornwall con/itut$ "o ( ! sights ( t c\nty4 ,! location1 ) its grades & curves1 z c>ri$ ?r\gh ,cornwall1 has be5 assail$ by _m critics1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t :5 ,brunel p5etrat$ ! ,engli% ,rivi]a1 railway op]ation 0 v diff]5t f :at x is to-day4 ,eng9es & tra9 loads 7 light1 :ile money 0 by no means pl5tiful4 ,! eng9e] 0 compell$ to a*ieve 8 object at ! mo/ mod]ate co/1 b ! v fact t he 0 hamp]$ 9 ?is connection s]v$ to influ5ce him 9 ! accompli%m5t ( monum5tal "w4 ,8 timb] viaducts 7 rem>kable = ! novel "* ( _! design & _! ext5t4 ,9 ! c\rse ( sixty miles he _h to span no less ?an ?irty-f\r valleys 9 ?is mann]1 ! aggregate l5g? ( ! wood5 /ructures be+ ab\t f\r miles4 ,! eng9e] adopt$ timb] z a con/ructional mat]ial because x 0 *eap] ?an iron1 & ,am]ican oak 0 us$ ext5sively4 ,"s 7 ( great height1 ! ,/4 ,p9nock viaduct1 = in/ance1 c>ry+ ! tra9 #aec feet above ! bottom ( ! valley1 :ile o!rs atta9$ great l5g?s1 ! ,l&ore viaduct measur+ #a1gfj feet f end to end4 ,^! evid5ces ( ,brunel's "w1 h[ev]1 are disappe>+ "u ! exig5cies ( to-day4 ,timb] is be+ replac$ by /eel & granite to meet ! increas$ weights & spe$s ( tra9s4 ,! location ?r\gh ! c\nty also is und]go+ revision1 ! %>p curves introduc$ by ,brunel be+ eas$ or elim9at$1 :ile ! grades are be+ flatt5$4 ,consequ5tly 9 a few ye>s ! "n ( ,brunel 9 ,cornwall w be naught b a memory4 ,=tunately o!r evid5ces ( 8 h&iwork ab\nd on ?is sy/em notably 9 ! ,salta%1 ,*ep/[ & ,maid5head bridges1 z well z ! ,box & ,foxwood tunnels4 ,9 ,irel&1 h[ev]1 a f> m d>+ expression ( 8 skill is (f]$4 ,?is is ! /ret* ( l9e along ! sea%ore betwe5 ,bray & ,wickl[1 :i* n[ =ms "p ( ! ,dubl9 ,s\?-,ea/]n railway4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ /ret* ( iron road to be op5$ 9 ! ,em]ald ,isle1 ! orig9al "o & ?ree-qu>t] miles be+ op]at$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance by ! sy/em ( atmosph]ic propulsion1 :]eby ! tra9 0 haul$ along ! metals by suction4 ,:5 x 0 decid$ to connect ,wickl[ ) ,bray1 ! try+ "* ( ! c\ntry ly+ betwe5 ! two po9ts1 & especially ( ,bray ,head1 dem&$ a ma/]h& to effect ! location & to c>ry ! build+ op]ations ?r\gh to success4 ,x 0 a matt] ( sixte5 miles1 b !y prov$ p]haps ! mo/ try+ sixte5 miles ( railway con/ruction ev] attempt$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x 0 /at$ t ,bray ,head w\ld defy conque/1 = x 0 approa*able only ?r\gh v rocky c\ntry1 & x is q possible t ! gloomy outlook 0 responsible = tempt+ ,brunel to a*ieve some?+ bold & /rik+4 ,!re 0 no ne$ to h c>ri$ ! l9e 9 ?is direction1 a fact :i* is realis$ to-day1 = by mak+ a det\r inl& an easi] location c\ld h be5 f\nd1 & ! pres5t g5]ation w\ld n h be5 call$ ^u to p\r out heavy sums ( money to keep _! l9e intact4 ,brunel's vanity has co/ ! railway company sev]al ?\s&s ( p\nds s9ce ! l9e 0 op5$4 ,x is only by sup]human ef=t t ! railway is n dev\r$ by ! sea1 ov] #dj1jjj1 or #bjj1jjj1 hav+ be5 exp5d$ 9 def5ce works ov] ?is sixte5 miles ( l9e dur+ a p]iod ( t5 ye>s alone4 ,ap>t f ?is unsatisfactory feature ! l9e is a con/ant s\rce ( anxiety4 ,a little to ! s\? ( ,bray is ,bram/one tunnel & a wild rav9e4 ,?is gul* attract$ ! eng9e]4 ,in/ead ( avoid+ x1 he bridg$ x ) a wood5 viaduct #cjj feet long by #ge feet high4 ,be=e x 0 q complet$ x 0 de/roy$ 9 a s+le night1 ! demoli%$ timb]s be+ c>ri$ out to sea4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 :ile a tra9 0 cross+1 ! eng9e left ! metals & precipitat$ a s5sational accid5t4 ,inve/igation reveal$ ! fact t x 0 due to ! action ( ! waves1 :i*1 batt]+ aga9/ ! pi]s ( ! viaduct1 _h s vibrat$ ! /ructure z to ?r[ ! rails out ( gauge4 ,!reupon x 0 decid$ to ab&on ! viaduct & drive ! l9e directly ?r\gh ! rocky promontory4 ,! travell] /ill c see traces ( ! orig9al r\te 9 ! decay+ approa*es to ! gap =m]ly conqu]$ by a timb] tre/le4 ,illu/ration3 ,brack1 photo ,,! ,,pecos ,,viaduct ,,on ,,! 8,,sunset0 ,,railway1 ,,! ,,highe/ ,,/ructure ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,! ,,track ,,be+ #cba ,,feet ,,above ,,! ,,wat] ,,bel[ ,/ill x 0 a grim fight ) ,nature = e foot ( ! way4 ,a m]e l$ge suffices to c>ry ! track1 & ?is gall]y is (t5 at a level ( sev5ty feet above ! sea b5ea?4 ,"h & !re ! l9e is enclos$ by a ro( recall+ ! sn[-%$s ( ! ,selkirks or ,cascades1 to protect ! rails f /ones b\nc+ d[n ! cliffs4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ! me?od 9 :i* ,brunei drove 8 l9e along ?is =bidd+ wild %ore recalls ! /agg]+ feats accompli%$ 9 ! ,am]ican m\nta9s1 & inde$ a j\rney ov] ?is railway w provide a ?rill 9 m9iature su* z results f a toil ?r\gh ! m\nta9 backbone ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,! dislodgm5t ( massive b\ld]s & l&slides are s frequ5t t flagm5 h to be reta9$ to keep a vigilant eye on ! track & to w>n pass+ tra9s4 ,at places long walls h be5 erect$ high on ! hillside to arre/ ! desc5t ( ! movem5ts ( loose rock on ! "o h&1 :ile on ! o!r ! cliff face has be5 cut into t]races to break ! =ce ( ! waves1 & toge!r ) reta9+ walls & groynes1 seek to c\nt]act ! insidi\s erosion ( ! sea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,track ,,lay]1 ,,:]eby ,,! ,,metals ,,are ,,laid ,,at ,a ,,spe$ ,,( #c ,,or #d ,,miles ,a ,,day1 ,,cross+ ,a ,,heavy ,,timb] ,,tre/le ,:5 ,bray ,head has be5 pass$ ! physical "* ( ! c\ntry *anges ) />tl+ sudd5ness f jagg$ rock to clay4 ,"h ! eng9e] 0 br\ght to fi]ce grips ) 8 adv]s>y4 ,! clay is honeycomb$ on all sides ) spr+s1 & !re is a con/ant w> betwe5 ! eng9e] & ,nature = supremacy4 ,build+ ! l9e 0 exact+ inde$1 b ! puzzles :i* _h to be unravell$ !n are equall$ by ^? att5d+ ! pres]vation ( ! road4 ,! battle 0 wag$ rel5tlessly = "s ye>s1 b ! sea won2 ! eng9e]s 7 compell$ to re-lay _! track "s di/ance inl&4 ,! %>ehold]s 9 ! railway are pay+ de>ly = ,brunel's colossal error4 ,inde$1 x is a poor return = an outlay ( ov] #djj1jjj1 or #b1jjj1jjj1 :i* 7 sunk 9 ?is sixte5 miles ( l9e4 ,x may be wond]ful eng9e]+1 b x is n bus9ess4 ,! railway company are anxi\s to ab&on ?is location & to rebuild ! l9e along ! r\te x %\ld h foll[$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,at ! pres5t su* a result is n f9ancially possible1 b its realisation is m]ely a "q ( "t4 ,"o inspirit+ phase ( ! railway-build]'s "w is ! race aga9/ "t1 & 9 ! fulfilm5t ( su* a task _m an a/oni%+ p]=mance has be5 a*iev$4 ,:5 "o ( ! great ,am]ican railways 0 pu%+ its way to ! ,pacific coa/1 x requir$ a tunnel to be driv5 = two miles ?r\gh ! ,cascades4 ,x 0 a d>+ piece ( "w1 & ! railway company1 aft] consid]+ ! s*eme1 decid$ t x c\ld be accompli%$ *eap] & m quickly "u contract ?an by direct lab\r4 ,^u ! advice ( _! surveyors !y set ! "t = its completion at tw5ty-eight mon?s4 ,consid]+ ! remote situation ( ! "w ! feat 0 consid]$ absolutely impracticable1 & no recognis$ contractor c\ld be prevail$ ^u to incur ! risk4 ,! company1 h[ev]1 0 conv9c$ t "s d>+ _s exi/$ :o c\ld1 & w\ld1 fulfil _! requirem5ts1 s !y adv]tis$ = t5d]s4 ,:5 ^! 7 p]us$ x 0 f\nd t "o man 0 will+ to meet ! "t-limit & at a price f> bel[ competitors4 ,8 bid 0 accept$4 ,t man 0 ,b5nett1 & he lo/ no "t 9 sett+ 8 c>efully-laid plans 9 motion4 ,he 0 ov] ?ree ?\s& miles f ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! tunnel 0 to be driv51 yet be=e ! ink on ! contract 0 dry he _h wir$ to 8 assi/ant on ! ,pacific coa/ to hurry =w>d all requisite appliances1 :ile he himself pur*as$ an elaborate plant ( ! mo/ mod]n type to be %ipp$ to ! railway po9t ne>e/ ! site4 ,f ?is /ation he _h to transport e ounce ( mat]ial = a di/ance ( eighty-two miles ?r\gh ! r\ghe/ & mo/ brok5 m\nta9\s c\ntry x is possible to conceive4 ,!re 0 no road1 s he _h to blaze "o ?r\gh ! deadfall & litt]$ rock1 =d+ creeks & /reams & toil+ ?r\gh visc\s mud4 ,! wagons sank above ! axles1 & _h to be haul$ ?r\gh ! muskeg by block & tackle4 ,9 ?is way1 by %e] physical ef=t1 he ga9$ ! m\nta9 :i* 0 to be pi]c$4 ,x took him a solid six mon?s to get 8 =ces & artill]y to ! spot1 leav+ him sc>cely tw5ty-two mon?s 9 :i* to hew ! passage ?r\gh ! solid rock4 ,s press+ 0 "t t he nev] p]mitt$ an h\r's cessation day or night4 ,an ag5t on ! coa/ recruit$ m5 by ! score & dispat*$ !m up c\ntry 9 l>ge corps4 ,z !y arriv$ !y 7 divid$ into six-h\r %ifts on ei!r side ( ! m\nta91 & 9 ?is way toil 0 cont9u$ unbrok5ly ?r\gh\t ! :ole tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,:5 he _h settl$ d[n to "w 9 grim e>ne/ wages 7 absorb+ money at ! rate ( ne>ly #b1jjj1 or #aj1jjj1 p] week4 ,prelim9>y to emb>k+ ^u ! contract he _h prep>$ c>eful calculations %[+ him h[ mu* rock x 0 requisite to remove e day to effect completion 9 "t1 & he made up 8 m9d to hold to ?is table by hook or by crook4 ,a tunnel face is n a spot :]e mu* leeway c be made up1 = only a c]ta9 numb] ( m5 c be cr[d$ ^u its limit$ area4 ,b he met ?is disadvantage by spurr+ ! drill]s to sup]human ef=t by ! (f] ( an attractive bonus4 ,9 ?is way he 0 able to ma9ta9 ! advance he _h calculat$ p] day until ! he>t ( ! m\nta9 0 ga9$1 :5 ow+ to ! extreme h>dness ( ! rock ! m5 c\ld n help fall+ beh9d ! s*$ul$ progress4 ,n[ & aga91 h[ev]1 :5 !y enc\nt]$ a s(t] /ret* ( mat]ial !y 7 able to make up lo/ "t4 ,! mon?s sp$ by2 ! contract$ "t = completion loom$ ne>] & ne>]4 ,det]m9$ n to be beat51 ,b5nett urg$ 8 drill]s h>d] & h>d]1 (f]+ fancy wages = additional ef=t4 ,! /ra9 wore him almo/ to a skeleton2 he sc>cely slept1 s haunt$ 0 he by ! det]m9ation to fulfil 8 side ( ! b>ga94 ,*eck+ & re*eck+ ( ! f9i%$ "w conv9c$ him t ! oppos+ p>ties c\ld n be f> ap>t 9 ! he>t ( ! ,cascades4 ,"o morn+ ! m5 on "o side paus$ mom5t>ily 9 _! drill+4 ,!y c\ld he> ! fa9t muffl$ *9k1 *9k ( drills4 ,x 0 ! p>ty advanc+ f ! we/4 ,) a l\d *e]1 answ]$ by a gho/ly sepul*ral hurrah1 bo? p>ties b5t to _! tasks ) r$\bl$ en]gy4 ,be=e long a gap+ hole 0 reveal$ 9 ! head+4 ,! two =ces _h met--! tunnel 0 pi]c$4 ,)\t hesitation !y set to wid5+ ! brea* out to its appo9t$ dim5sions1 & at la/1 ) a sigh ( relief1 ?rew d[n _! tools4 ,! tunnel 0 f9i%$ practically1 & !re 7 sev5 days or s to sp>e4 ,9 ano!r in/ance a railway company requir$ a bridge to be op5$ )9 a c]ta9 p]iod4 ,its accompli%m5t on "t meant ! accretion ( a l>ge sum ( money to ! treasury1 & accord+ly a b\nty ( "s #e1jjj1 or #be1jjj1 0 (f]$ to ! firm build+ ! bridge4 ,! latt] 9 turn (f]$ a portion to ! m5 responsible = ! actual "w4 ,"u ! inc5tive ( ?is (f] ! rivet]s & erectors /rove might & ma94 ,! odds 7 aga9/ !m hopelessly1 b g5]al co-op]ation enabl$ ! "w to g =w>d ) great spe$4 ,by ma9ta9+ ?is high pressure ! huge fabric assum$ its def9ite %ape 9 quick "t1 & ! la/ rivet 0 driv5 home ) a res\nd+ *e] a few m9utes be=e ! expiration ( ! /ipulat$ "t4 ,yet railway con/ruction has its f>cical side1 especially 9 ,am]ica4 ,conflict+ int]e/s (t5 cla%1 & !n lively times ensue4 ,9 ,canada x has be5 no unusual sight to see an exi/+ railway ru% a l>ge gang ( workm5 to a po9t ?reat5$ ) invasion by a rival4 ,_! pres5ce o/5sibly is to improve ! l9e 9 possession1 b 9 reality ! m5 are draft$ !re to ?w>t ! competitive ent]prise4 ,?is is ! 8fight+ gang10 & x is rightly nam$1 because ! oppos+ =ces (t5 meet & a free fight results4 ,:5 ^! tactics are wag$ by oppos+ railway magnates ! /ruggle is (t5 bitt] & long drawn out4 ,x 0 s :5 ,j4 ,j4 ,hill & ,h>riman came to close grips 9 ,oregon4 ,! =m] great railway-build] decid$ to c>ry a l9e d[n to ! coa/ along ! bank ( ! ,columbia ,riv]4 ,h>riman con/ru$ ?is act z an invasion ( 8 pres]ves1 & sp>$ no ef=t to defeat ! 8,gr& ,old ,railway-,build] ( ! ,we/10 z ,j4 ,j4 ,hill is call$ popul>ly4 ,directly ,hill's proposals became kn[n1 ,h>riman1 to secure 8 legal /atus1 reviv$ a defunct project kn[n z ! 8,wallula ,pacific railway10 :i* _h be5 incorporat$ s _m ye>s be=e1 & yet _h accompli%$ s little1 z to be =gott54 ,hill 0 com+ d[n ! nor? bank ( ! ,columbia1 & sudd5ly ,h>riman discov]$ t 8 moribund project 0 to foll[ ! same c\rse4 ,! result 0 t two rival con/ructional =ces appe>$ on ! sc5e1 "o b5t on build+ a l9e1 & ! o!r det]m9$ to prev5t its realisation4 ,a hail ( rock ra9$ f "o camp to ! o!r1 & ! grade 0 demoli%$ z rapidly z fa%ion$4 ,"o day ! ,hill navvies 7 9 possession1 ! next1 ?r\gh be+ outnumb]$1 !y 7 driv5 out & ! ,h>riman army held ! position1 only to evacuate x :5 ! =m] reappe>$ ) re9=cem5ts4 ,no blood 0 spilt1 b x came p]il\sly ne> x :5 a navvy on "o side ?rew a piece ( rock h>d] aga9/ an oppos+ workman ?an ! latt] appreciat$4 ,injuries 7 num]\s1 & "o day ! aspect became s ?reat5+ t a pit*$ battle appe>$ c]ta94 ,at times1 h[ev]1 ! battle became ,gilb]tian4 ,! rivals m]ely play$ cat*ball ) pieces ( rock1 toss+ ! missiles at "o ano!r ) consid]able bant] & amid a ra9 ( jokes4 ,= eighte5 mon?s ?is /ate ( affairs prevail$1 & !n ! c\rts decid+ aga9/ ,h>riman1 he 0 =c$ to retire f ! sc5e4 ,directly he did s1 8 gangs ( navvies walk$ ov] to ! opposite camp1 because f _! po9t ( view ,hill's money 0 j z good z t ( ,h>riman4 ,x 0 immat]ial to !m = :i* side !y work$1 s long z !y 7 paid = x4 ,! result 0 t ! two gangs :i* _h be5 engag$ 9 m or less deadly /rife1 n[ work$ h>moni\sly side by side to c>ry ! ,hill l9e into ,portl&4 ,su* tactics z ^!1 h[ev]1 come some:at z an int]lude to ! grim tussle ) ,nature :i* is ! railway-build]'s inv>iable lot4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,bor+ ,,( ,,! ,,got?>d ,,tunnel ,! little c\ntry ( ,switz]l&1 z is well kn[n1 is a tumbl$ mass ( sn[-clad m\nta9 ranges4 ,on ! ,italian fronti]1 h[ev]1 ?is natural b>ri] becomes m rugg$ & defiant1 "s ( ! peaks t[]+ #aj1jjj feet or high] into ! cl\ds4 ,= c5turies ?is fronti] *a9 s successfully wall$ 9 ! ,helvetians t !y c\ld n pass into ,italy )\t mak+ a we>isome det\r4 ,travell+ f "o c\ntry to ! o!r be=e ,george ,/eph5son demon/rat$ ! possibilities ( ! /eam eng9e runn+ on rails1 !re=e1 0 a j\rney n to be lightly und]tak51 = x occupi$ weeks4 ,an ef=t to ease ?is situation 0 made s f> back z ! ?irte5? c5tury by ! blaz+ ( a footpa? ov] ! ,/4 ,got?>d1 b x 0 a m]e dang]\s & dizzy trail4 ,little wond]1 !re=e1 t x 0 n fav\r$ by o!r ?an ! m adv5tur\s4 ,x 0 n until ab\t a c5tury ago t ! fir/ vehicle lumb]$ ov] ?is rugg$ hump4 ,!n ! dem& = clos] communication betwe5 ! two c\ntries prompt$ ! ambiti\s ,helvetians to emb>k ^u a co/ly & mom5t\s ent]prise--! build+ ( a po/road ov] ! m\nta94 ,!y cut a roadway #ah feet wide1 ) an av]age grade ( #aj p] c5t4 to a height ( #f1icf feet up ! flanks ( ?is sn[-topp$ giant1 ) its deep rifts1 ru%+ riv]s1 & fac$ ! t]rors ( ! avalan*e4 ,x is a /rik+ piece ( "w1 = at places ! road cl+s1 limpet-l1 to p]p5dicul> walls1 describes %>p twi/s & turns sudd5 corn]s4 ,al?\gh ! p c\ld ill af=d ! exp5se ( ! und]tak+1 !y c>ri$ x to completion1 confid5t t untold b5efit w\ld accrue f its provision4 ,!y 7 "r 9 _! surmise4 ,t m\nta9 road *ang$ completely ! direction ( ! /ream ( traffic fl[+ betwe5 ,switz]l& & ,italy4 ,! novelty ( ! r\te1 ! magnific5t panoramas unfold$ f e foot ( its l5g?1 appeal$ to ! t\ri/ & travell] & !y bravely essay$ ! 8pass40 ,to-day t m\nta9 road is trodd5 b seldom4 ,x has fall5 into desuetude2 ! railway has kill$ its utility4 ,s soon z ! iron horse invad$ ! little c\ntry x 0 s\ght to c>ry x into ,italy via ! ,/4 ,got?>d2 n ov] ! m\nta9 cre/1 b ?r\gh its base4 ,e eng9e] nurs$ ! ambition to ov]come t fr[n+ knot ) ! /eel highway4 ,= ye>s brilliant m9ds liv$1 dreamt1 & di$ obsess$ ) ?is "o great idea4 ,ev5 9 #ahdf1 :5 ! fir/ railway 0 op5$ f ,bad5 to ,zuri*1 prep>ations 7 made to c>ry ! l9e onw>d ?r\gh ! m\nta9 *a94 ,to ! ,swiss p1 bor+ ?r\gh a m\nta9 = n9e miles or s appe>$ no m difficult ?an burr[+ ?r\gh a hillock = z _m y>ds4 ,x 0 only a "q ( "t & exp5se4 ,an 8,alp9e tunnel fev]0 set 9 ) t]rible malignancy1 & !re 0 fi]ce rivalry & jeal\sy creat$ betwe5 ! v>i\s railway companies1 cantons & t[ns z to :o %\ld h ! hon\r ( complet+ ?is rem>kable l9k4 ,=tunately ! ,gov]nm5t itself pres]v$ a cool head1 turn$ a deaf e> to entreaties1 refus$ concessions1 & disc\rag$ any possible hope ( f9ancial aid4 ,! la/-nam$ factor prov$ ! greate/ /umbl+-block1 b !re is no d\bt t if ! money c\ld h be5 obta9$ = su* an ent]prise an attempt to tunnel ! ,alps w\ld h be5 made 9 ! 'fifties4 ,?\gh ! ambition 0 scot*$ x 0 n kill$ by any means1 = a few ye>s lat] ! same s*eme 0 reviv$ & m ke5ly discuss$ ?an ev]4 ,! ,fr5* & ,italian nations resuscitat$ ! project by co-op]at+ 9 ! ef=t to pi]ce ! ,col de ,frjus1 popul>ly kn[n z ! ,mont ,c5is tunnel4 ,! fir/ /roke ( ! pick-axe ^u ?is mom5t\s ent]prise 0 made 9 ,augu/1 #aheg1 & ! two *ief eng9e]s1 ,grattoni & ,sommeill]1 pl$g$ !mselves to complete ! task ) ! assi/ance ( ! ,fr5* & ,italian gov]nm5ts4 ,9 ! face ( ! mo/ t]rible difficulties t c\ld be conceiv$1 equipp$ ) tools :i* appe> puny & futile 9 comp>ison ) ^? us$ = su* "w to-day1 !y cut1 bla/$1 & excavat$ _! way ?r\gh #g miles ( d5se rock4 ,bor+ f ei!r end1 ! rock-hogs broke d[n ! la/ wall ( rock on ,*ri/mas ,day1 #ahgj1 & 9 ,septemb] ( ! foll[+ ye> a %ort] & m direct r\te betwe5 ! two c\ntries 0 op5$ to traffic4 ,! progress ( ?is tunnel 0 wat*$ ) ! close/ int]e/ by ! ,helvetians4 ,?is pi]c+ ( an ,alp9e m\nta9 0 some?+ new 9 railway eng9e]+4 ,! wiseacres croak$ t x w\ld nev] be complet$2 t ,nature w\ld spr+ "s sudd5 surprise ^u ! eng9e]s 9 ! dep?s ( ! m\nta9 :i* w\ld arre/ ! :ole ent]prise4 ,b z ! two head+s sl[ly b surely approa*$ "o ano!r1 & ! eng9e]s broke d[n _! ob/acles z !y arose ) comm5dable pluck & det]m9ation1 ! sceptics became sil5c$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,g,,s*55 ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,/4 ,,got?>d ,,tunnel ,"w 0 comm5c$ at ?is po9t on ,june #d1 #ahgb4 ,! huge task 0 complet$ & ! l9e op5$ = traffic on ,may #bb1 #ahhb4 ,! pride ( ! ,swiss 0 w\nd$4 ,if ! ,fr5* & ,italians c\ld accompli% su* a h]culean & app>5tly impossible task1 :y 0 a simil> idea beyond _! p[]s8 ,! 8conque/ ( ! ,alps0 broke out ) r5ew$ vig\r4 ,x became m ?an a p]sonal issue2 x blossom$ into "o ( economic1 political & comm]cial importance4 ,consequ5tly1 be=e ! ,c5is ,tunnel 0 op5$ = traffic1 ! prelim9>y arrangem5ts = burr[+ ?r\gh ! ,/4 ,got?>d _h assum$ concrete %ape4 ,b x _h be5 a we>isome ent]prise4 ,! promot]s _h to battle aga9/ intrigue & jeal\sies innum]able on ! "p ( private individuals1 companies seek+ = ! same concession1 t[ns & dep>tm5tal gov]nm5ts4 ,b ! project became "o ( ev5 m ?an national importance2 x became an int]national "q4 ,! provision ( su* a r\te w\ld br+ nor!rn ,europe into clos] t\* ) ,italy & h] ports on ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,t fact 0 realis$1 & :5 ! company incorporat$ to c>ry out ! "w ann\nc$ t ! task 0 f> too risky = private res\rces1 ! gov]nm5ts ( ! c\ntries mo/ intimately int]e/$ 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ! project promis$ tangible assi/ance 9 ! =m ( sub/antial subv5tions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wond]ful ,,wass5 ,,loop ,,on ,,! ,,/4 ,,got?>d ,,railway1 ,,%[+ ,,?ree ,,ti]s ,,( ,,track ,! pa? ( ! tunnel ?r\gh ! he>t ( ! m\nta9 0 plott$ by ,mr4 ,m4 ,o4 ,gelpke1 ,c4,e41 & ?is 9 itself 0 a great a*ievem5t4 ,fifte5 /ations 7 scatt]$ ov] ! m\nta9 slopes = ! manipulation ( ! survey in/rum5ts1 & _m ( ^! 7 situat$ unavoidably 9 positions v difficult1 & (t5 impossible1 ( access4 ,bor+s 7 made to asc]ta9 ! rock /rata :i* w\ld h to be pi]c$ by ,pr(essor ,frits* ( ,frank=t1 & f ! result ( ^! ess5tial inve/igations x 0 comput$ t ! "w1 includ+ ! necess>y railway l9e on ei!r side ( ! great tunnel1 c\ld be complet$ = a sum ( #g1dhj1jjj1 or #cg1djj1jjj4 ,! money 0 rais$ by gu>antees ( #a1hjj1jjj 7#i1jjj1jjj7 f ,italy1 #hjj1jjj 7#d1jjj1jjj7 f bo? ,g]many & ,switz]l&1 & by ! issue ( %>es & mortgage bonds to ! ext5t ( #b1gbj1jjj1 or #ac1fjj1jjj4 ,z a fur!r contribution to ! task1 ! ,swiss ,gov]nm5t und]took to sup]vise actual con/ruction4 ,! f9ancial arrangem5ts complet$1 ! company _h to se>* = a man to bore ! tunnel4 ,= ?is purpose t5d]s 7 s\ght = ! :ole contract4 ,! t]ms ( ! latt] 7 sev]e1 z 7 also ! te*nical conditions4 ,! tunnel 0 to c>ry a d\ble track1 to h a height ( #ai4fh feet to ! cr[n ( ! ar*1 & a maximum wid? ( #bf4bd feet1 ) a m9imum wid? ( #bd4ic feet4 ,! tunnel 0 to be q /raight1 ) ! exception ( a slight curve at ! s\!rn end1 :]e1 = a di/ance ( #dgd feet f ! entrance1 a curve ( #ihd feet radius 0 to be introduc$ to ga9 ,airolo /ation4 ,! rise f ! nor!rn entrance 0 to be ab\t #a 9 #agb to ! summit level #c1gha feet above ! sea1 foll[$ by a drop ( #a 9 #ajjj to ! s\!rn end4 ,^! gradi5ts fall+ on ei!r side f ! c5tre 7 necess>y = dra9age1 & 7 e/imat$ to be j suffici5t to ensure ! wat] fl[+ to ! portals4 ,sev5 t5d]s 7 submitt$ = ! ent]prise1 ! l[e/ be+ t ( ,l4 ,favre1 a well-kn[n eng9e] ( ,g5eva1 :o _h complet$ _m notable railway works 9 ,europe4 ,he und]took to complete ! tunnel = #b1jjj1jjj 7#aj1jjj1jjj7 )9 eight ye>s4 ,8 ne>e/ competitor1 an ,italian company1 want$ tw5ty-five p] c5t4 m1 b w\ld n gu>antee completion )9 less ?an n9e ye>s4 ,monsieur ,favre 0 support$ by a body ( influ5tial capitali/s1 & ! contract 0 aw>d$ to him4 ,hav+ sanction$ ! project1 ! ,gov]nm5t 0 det]m9$ t x %\ld be complet$1 & resolv$ t ! eng9e] %\ld be held to 8 self-appo9t$ "t limit4 ,! p5alty x /ipulat$ 0 exact+4 ,= e day ov] ! n9? ye> ,favre 0 to =feit #bjj1 or #ajjj1 = six mon?s1 & !n d\ble t p5alty p] day until completion4 ,a ye> 0 ?us all[$ ov] & above :at he dem&$ to cope ) any un=ese5 cont+5cies t might arise dur+ ! progress ( ! task4 ,simil>ly1 ,m4 ,favre 0 to receive a premium ( #bjj1 or #ajjj1 a day = e day he 0 9 advance ( ! /ipulat$ p]iod4 ,8 ,italian competitor1 :ile agreeable to ! =feit1 /ipulat$ t x %\ld n be en=c$ until aft] ! elev5? ye>1 :i* t]ms ! au?orities refus$ to ent]ta94 ,to ensure secur+ ! =feit money %\ld ! eng9e] be late1 ,favre 0 compell$ to deposit a sum ( #cbj1jjj 7#a1fjj1jjj7 ) ! ,gov]nm5t be=e a /one 0 mov$4 ,no und]tak+ ( su* a magnitude z ?is tunnel1 al?\gh protect$ adequately by sev]e re/rictions1 ev] has be5 c>ri$ out 9 ! face ( s _m vicissitudes2 no eng9e] ev] has be5 s h>ass$ z 0 ,m4 ,favre4 ,f ! mom5t ! t5d] 0 sign$ & seal$ tr\bles comm5c$1 "s incid5tal to ! task1 o!rs purposely ?r[n 9 8 way by jeal\s outside int]e/s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ,gov]nm5t und]took1 accord+ to ! t]ms ( ! contract1 to h ! approa*es to ! tunnel complet$ s t he c\ld comm5ce op]ations )\t delay4 ,?is 0 n done4 ,fur!r opposition 0 !n enc\nt]$ f ano!r & unexpect$ qu>t]1 :i* assum$ su* proportions z to jeop>dise ! :ole s*eme4 ,italy1 hav+ contribut$ ab\t a six? ( ! co/1 & :o !re=e _h an important voice 9 ! matt]1 dem&$ t half ! "w %\ld be grant$ to ! ,italian eng9e]s :o _h be5 engag$ ^u ! ,mont ,c5is tunnel4 ,?is 0 a bitt] "q1 & x took ,m4 ,favre two we>y mon?s to adju/ x4 ,^! h9drances at la/ settl$ satisfactorily1 "w 0 comm5c$ on ! nor!rn side ( ! ,alps at ,gs*55 on ,june #d1 #ahgb1 & at ,airolo1 ! s\!rn portal1 on ,july #b ( ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! prelim9>y prep>ations 7 ( a gigantic "*4 ,?\gh ,m4 ,favre _h sublet ! con/ructional contract = ! tunnel itself1 he 0 prim>ily responsible & nurs$ x z ! eng9e]-9-*ief4 ,huge plants _h to be in/all$ at ei!r end = supply+ ! v>i\s dem&s = p[] = a ?\s&-&-"o purposes4 ,at ! nor!rn end wat] turb9es 7 laid d[n1 driv5 f ! riv] ,reuss1 a head ( wat] ( #bgi feet be+ available4 ,at ! ,airolo end a simil> in/allation 0 e/abli%$ & op]at$ "u a wat] head ( #eda feet f ! ,tremola4 ,subsequ5tly1 x 0 f\nd t ?is latt] supply 0 inadequate4 ,b ,m4 ,favre 0 a man ( inf9ite res\rce4 ,he promptly built a viaduct #ab1jjj feet 9 l5g?1 tapp+ ! ,tess9 ,riv]1 & ?us ov]came ! wat] p[] difficulty4 ,small t[ns sprang up at ei!r end ar\nd ! respective portals to h\se ! ma*9]y1 ! workm51 & innum]able o!r details4 ,z tunnel-bor+ op]ations ^u su* a scale z ?is 7 9 _! infancy1 ?is eng9e]-9-*ief p]=c$ly _h to break a great deal ( new gr\nd2 to c>ry out consid]able pione] "w4 ,hi!rto1 ! usual tools at ! s]vice ( ! excavators 7 ! pick-axe1 %ovel1 *isel1 & sl$ge-hamm]2 b su* implem5ts z ^! 9 a "w ( ?is magnitude 7 ak9 to =g+ a mighty crank %aft ) a blacksmi?'s hamm]4 ,new =ces _h to be creat$4 ,! ,mont ,c5is _h demon/rat$ ?is fact1 & 9 ! c\rse ( its realisation a new tool appe>$4 ,?is 0 ! me*anical p]cussion rock drill1 op]at$ by compress$ air at a pressure ( #aab p\nds & upw>ds p] squ>e in*4 ,to furni% ! requisite en]gy to ! tools elaborate air-compress+ plants _h to be laid d[n4 ,^! 7 design$ by ,pr(essor ,colladon1 & !y 7 capable ( compress+ #a1eif cubic y>ds ( air to a pressure ( eight atmosph]es e m9ute1 ! p[] be+ /or$ 9 huge cyl9drical res]voirs1 n unlike mammo? /eam boil]s1 f :i* ! conduits ext5d+ to ! work+ faces on ei!r side 7 *>g$4 ,! sc5e 9 ! tunnel 0 impressive 9 ! extreme4 ,at ! work+ face a little gall]y 0 bor$1 ab\t eight feet wide by ! same 9 height1 at ! ro( ( ! tunnel4 ,! drill+ ma*9es 7 m\nt$ on travell+ c>riages1 ) _! p]=at+ *isels jutt+ ugly & bus9ess-l f ! front4 ,) ! p5t-up =ce ( eight atmosph]es beh9d !m1 !y rapp$ aga9/ ! solid rock & sl[ly b surely made a p]=ation4 ,at frequ5t int]vals !re 0 a slight /op1 ! *isel po9t 0 )drawn & a jet ( wat]1 drawn f a t5d] haul$ up 9 ! re>1 0 direct$ into ! hole1 :5 ! *isel in/antly resum$ its monoton\s r\nd4 ,at int]vals1 a *isel1 ) its cutt+ edge blunt$ f cont9ual hamm]+ at ! iron-l mass1 0 tak5 out1 ?r[n on "o side1 & ano!r ins]t$ 9 its place1 to cont9ue ! attack on ! rock4 ,progress 0 labori\sly sl[1 or comp>atively rapid1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! mat]ial enc\nt]$4 ,:5 ! rock 0 ( a granitic nature1 !n advance 0 only at ! rate ( an in* or two p] h\r2 on ! o!r h&1 :5 s(t1 clayey mat]ial 0 tapp$1 !n ! *isels bor$ _! way at ! rate ( z _m feet 9 ! same "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,compress$ ,,air ,,locomotive ,,:i* ,,haul$ ,,workm5 ,,& ,,rock ,,bla/$ ,,f ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,9 ,,! ,,cutt+ ,,( ,,! ,,loets*b]g ,,tunnel ,illu/ration3 ,,:at ,,! ,,work+ ,,face ,,9 ,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,is ,,l ,! gang & drills cutt+ ! pa? = ! l9e ?r\gh ! ,loets*b]g ,tunnel rec5tly complet$4 ,,bor+ ,a ,,great ,,alp9e ,,tunnel ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,e4 ,goetz1 ,luc]ne ,,! ,,l(ty ,,am/eg ,,bridge1 #ahd ,,feet ,,high1 ,,spann+ ,,! ,,mad]an ,,valley ,,on ,,! ,,/4 ,,got?>d ,,railway ,?ree m5 att5d$ to ea* ma*9e1 & by means ( lev]s & :eels ! height ( a drill c\ld be adju/$ to a nicety4 ,movem5t 0 difficult1 = ! space 0 cramp$4 ,9 ! murky gloom ! outl9es ( ! m5 c\ld be fa9tly disc]n$4 ,! fitful glimm] ( ! oil-lamp :i* ea* c>ri$--electric light+ _h /ill to be inv5t$--fell ^u _! semi-nude bodies & sw>?y faces4 ,! /ream+ p]spiration m+l+ ) ! grime & du/1 :i* /ray$ ov] _! sk9 9 fanta/ic /reaks1 gave ! m5 a fi5di% appe>ance4 ,! temp]ature 0 t ( an ov54 ,z ! m5 drew ne>] & ne>] to ! he>t ( old ,got?>d1 ! heat rose until ! m5 lab\r$ 9 an atmosph]e ( #ij or m4 ,! only s\nds 7 ^? ( ! hamm]+ ( ! drills z !y bor$ into ! rock1 & ! hiss+ ( ! escap+ air aft] x _h complet$ its allott$ task 9 op]at+ ! *isels4 ,at long int]vals !re came a heavy sil5ce4 ,! holes _h be5 bor$ to ! requisite dep?4 ,! ma*9e 0 drawn f> back into ! bor+4 ,explosives 7 slipp$ into ! holes & tamp$ home4 ,f a safe di/ance ! *>ges 7 fir$4 ,a dull1 smo!r$ ro>1 a r5d+ & crumbl+1 & ano!r gap 0 torn 9 ! b[els ( ?is mon>* ( ! ,alps4 ,! excavators hurri$ =w>d1 cle>$ away ! tumbl$ debris1 & br\ght ! lumb]+ drill c>riage up to ! fre% work+ surface4 ,day 9 & day out1 week aft] week1 mon? by mon?1 ?is r\nd cont9u$4 ,x 0 monoton\s1 & ! "w 0 h>d4 ,! /ifl+ atmosph]e & ! conditions told sev]ely on ! physique ( ! workm54 ,conge/ion ( ! bra91 irregul> action ( ! he>t1 anmia1 or "o ( num]\s o!r obscure maladies1 0 ! rew>d = _! lab\r4 ,_! faces assum$ a dea?ly pallor2 work+ 9 cramp$ positions gave !m an unsightly /oop1 & depriv$ _! legs ( movem5t1 s !y tott]$ r ?an walk$ z !y return$ f ! sc5e ( _! toil at ! end ( ! %ift4 ,! pay 0 wret*$1 rang+ f half-a-cr[n to five %ill+s 7f #fj to #abe c5ts7 p] day ( eight h\rs1 out ( :i* !y _h to bo>d !mselves6 ,ne$less to say1 b few ,engli%m5 or we/]n ,europeans figur$ on ! pay-roll1 = none w\ld accept su* />vation pay = su* t]rible "w4 ,! lab\r]s 7 ,italians = ! mo/ "p1 & yet ne>ly "o & all1 by subsi/+ on mis]able food1 consi/+ = ! mo/ "p ( a k9d ( meal porridge1 *eap & yet limit$ 9 quantity1 sav$ a "p ( _! e>n+s & s5t x home to _! ne$y families 9 sunny ,italy4 ,! av]age numb] ( m5 employ$ 0 ab\t #djjj1 half at ei!r end1 b at times x ran up to z high z #gjjj4 ,! m\nta9 claim$ #caj lives1 kill$ by accid5t alone1 & #hgg injur$1 be=e x 0 conqu]$2 b1 consid]+ ! conditions1 x is rem>kable t ! casualty roll 0 n heavi]4 ,9 ! wake ( ! small head+ gall]y came ! o!r gangs4 ,^! rigg$ up ! timb] & o!r supports to ! ro( & excavat$ ! small op5+ to ! full dim5sions ( ! tunnel4 ,la/ ( all came ! masons1 sett+ ! masonry l9+1 f #ah to #cj in*es ?ick1 9 position1 = ! tunnel is l9$ ?r\gh\t4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh ! granite rock !re 0 b little fe> ( a collapse ( ! ro(1 b 9 ! trea*]\s clay advance _h to be made w>ily1 & heavy timb]+ resort$ to1 9 ord] to prev5t ! s(t soil cav+ 9 & bury+ all 9 its /icky embrace4 ,! mat]ial = ! head+s & l9+1 z well z ! workm5 & tools1 7 c>ri$ to & fro ^u a small railway1 ! locomotives ( :i* 7 driv5 by compress$ air--/eam 0 impracticable1 because x w\ld h f\l$ ! work+s2 :ile on ! %ort di/ance betwe5 ! inn] end ( ! railway & ! work+ face haulage 0 done by horses4 ,! privations suff]$ by ! navvies 0 only equall$ by ^? exp]i5c$ by ! animals1 ! mortality ( :i* ran up to z high z tw5ty-five p] c5t4 ( ! numb] employ$4 ,wat] 0 a con/ant m5ace1 & at times ret>d$ progress s]i\sly4 ,on ! s\? side x 0 p>ticul>ly tr\blesome4 ,"t aft] "t ! drills or detonat+ *>ges w\ld tap "o ( ^! subt]ranean /reams1 & ! wat] w\ld p\r out 9 a cascade4 ,^! rivulets 7 ( v>y+ volume1 b 9 "o /ret*1 :]e ! rock 0 extremely friable1 x 0 consid]$ too dang]\s to use ! me*anical drill+ ma*9e1 s ! m5 _h to cut _! way =w>d by h&4 ,9 s do+ !y releas$ a va/ und]gr\nd pocket ( wat]1 :i* ru%$ out at ! rate ( ov] #cjjj gallons p] m9ute4 ,at "o spot x 0 only by sup]human ef=t t headway 0 made1 = ! m5 7 half subm]g$ 9 ^! torr5tial outbur/s1 escape f :i* 0 only possible by p5etrat+ f>!r into ! m\nta94 ,9 #ahgf ano!r t]rible calamity ov]took ,l\is ,favre4 ,x 0 discov]$ sudd5ly t ! railway1 f> f co/+ ! e/imat$ sum1 w\ld approximate ov] #aa1ejj1jjj1 or #eg1ejj1jjj4 ,somebody _h blund]$1 & badly too4 ,a deficit ( ov] #d1jjj1jjj1 or #bj1jjj1jjj1 appe>$ c]ta94 ,:at 0 to be done8 ,! developm5t ( su* a cont+5cy nev] c\ld h happ5$ at a m inopportune mom5t4 ,times 7 h>d2 money 0 sc>ce2 f9ancial cra%es loom$ 9 e qu>t] ( ! ,cont95t2 &1 to make matt]s worse1 w> 0 rag+4 ,nev] 9 ! hi/ory ( eng9e]+ _h su* an extraord9>y & unacc\ntable mi/ake be5 made 9 ! e/imates4 ,! discov]y came z a ?und]clap4 ,! /ock ( ! company ran d[n l a !rmomet] plung$ into ice4 ,^? :o _h support$ ! ent]prise 9 ! face ( ho/ile criticism began to d\bt ! wisdom ( _! optimism4 ,a gloom settl$ ev]y:]e4 ,x appe>$ z if ! gigantic a*ievem5t w\ld become numb]$ among ! great unpaid2 w\ld be ano!r contribution to ^? unf9i%$ ent]prises *>act]is$ z follies4 ,b ,monsieur ,favre kept go+4 ,!re 0 ! daily p5alty />+ him 9 ! face if he did n f9i% )9 "t4 ,any prolong$ delay spell$ ru9 to him & to ^? :o _h f9anc$ 8 task4 ,to make matt]s worse1 ! ,swiss dep>tm5ts :o _h ! mo/ to ga9 f ! completion ( ! railway /eadfa/ly refus$ to ext5d ! slighte/ assi/ance4 ,matt]s rea*$ a crisis4 ,ei!r ! money mu/ be f\nd1 or t already sp5t mu/ lie buri$ 9 ! m\nta94 ,an ,int]national ,conf]5ce 0 call$ to consid] ! situation1 :]e1 z prom95t cities & railways :o hop$ to reap some?+ f ! completion ( ! tunnel promis$ support1 ,g]many1 ,switz]l& & ,italy agre$ to increase _! subv5tions4 ,mu* ( ! project$ "w orig9ally contemplat$ 0 po/pon$ indef9itely 9 ord] to r$uce ! fir/ co/4 ,?is readju/m5t ( ! f9ancial situation enabl$ "w to be resum$ en]getically4 ,b ,favre 0 h>ass$ sorely /ill4 ,paym5ts = "w became irregul>1 & e possible ob/acle t c\ld be plac$ 9 8 way 0 =c$ to ! front by intrigu+ oppon5ts4 ,ef=ts 7 made ev5 to create a rupture betwe5 him & ! ,int]national ,society1 b ,favre's unflagg+ p]sev]ance & det]m9ation resi/$ all su* ma*9ations1 & he plodd$ along resolutely4 ,h[ev]1 ^! worries & 8 fev]i% anxiety to succe$ 9 8 ent]prise told ^u 8 heal?4 ,he nev] liv$ to see 8 great a*ievem5t complet$4 ,on ,july #ai1 #ahgi1 :ile inspect+ ! progress ( ! "w at ! head+s1 he 0 seiz$ ) an apoplectic fit1 to :i* he succumb$ 9 a few h\rs4 ,lit]ally 9 h>ness1 ?is guid+ _s & clev] eng9e] pass$ beyond ! veil :5 ! tunnel1 ! cr[n+ ef=t ( 8 life1 0 rapidly approa*+ completion4 ,8 mantle fell ^u 8 "r-h& assi/ant1 ,m4 ,hellwag1 an accompli%$ ,g]man eng9e]1 & he pu%$ =w>d ! s*eme ) an en]gy *>act]i/ic ( 8 late *ief4 ,b friction aga9 rose4 ,swiss eng9e]s 7 jeal\s ( ?is appo9tm5t1 & at la/ 9 %e] disgu/ ! new eng9e]-9-*ief ?rew up ! "w4 ,he 0 h\nd$ f 8 po/1 despite ! fact t on ano!r section ( ! railway he _h ov]come +5i\sly ! negotiation ( %>p asc5ts )9 %ort di/ances1 :i* o!rwise appe>$ impossible1 by ! inv5tion ( a spiral tunnel1 :]e9 ! railway burr[s into ! m\nta9 side1 describes !re9 a complete circle1 & em]ges aga9 imm$iately above ! portal by :i* x ent]$4 ,on ,saturday1 ! #bg? ( ,febru>y1 #ahhj1 :ile ! workm5 on ! ,gs*55 side 7 te>+ ! vitals out ( ! peak1 !y 7 surpris$ to f9d l>ge masses ( rock fall+ ab\t _! e>s )\t any ef=t on _! "p4 ,!y /opp$4 ,! situation seem$ uncanny4 ,!y li/5$ int5tly1 & !n he>d ! famili> s\nd ( a muffl$ ro>1 indicat+ bla/+ 9 ! head+4 ,! workm5 on ! ,airolo side 7 ^u !m4 ,t]rifi$ le/ ! next concussion might bury !m b5ea? a mass ( rock1 !y hurri$ly retreat$ & wait$4 ,pres5tly "o espi$ ! po9t ( a *isel pl\gh+ ?r\gh ! rock t[>ds him4 ,he grasp$ its extremity1 b z quickly dropp$ x1 = x 0 s hot t x burn$ 8 h&4 ,frantically ^! m5 rapp$ ^u ! la/ rema9+ wall ( rock to in=m _! comrades on ! o!r side t !y 7 ?r\gh4 ,) lightn+-l rapidity ! news fla%$ ?r\gh ! ,gs*55 work+s t ! m5 f ! ,airolo side might be se5 at any m9ute1 & t ! task ( eight we>y ye>s 0 consummat$ practically4 ,z quickly ! news fla%$ f ,gs*55 to ! ,airolo portal to cease "w1 s9ce x 0 decid$ t ! la/ bla/ te>+ away ! f9al ?ickness ( rock %\ld be ! occasion ( great jubilation4 ,! :ole c\ntry 0 excit$4 ,(ficials hurri$ to ! sc5e1 & ! c\ntryside f f> & ne> flock$ to ! two m\?s ( ! tunnel4 ,!re 0 no sleep = any "o 9 ! con/ructional camps t ,saturday night4 ,! m5 7 9 a p]fect /ate ( fr5zy4 ,9 ! d>kness ! prep>ations = ! culm9at+ move 7 hurri$ =w>d4 ,x 0 arrang$ t z ! m5 on ! ,airolo head+ _h fir/ pi]c$ ! la/ p>tition ( rock1 !y %\ld h ! hon\r ( bl[+ ! gap :i* w\ld af=d access f "o side ( ! m\nta9 *a9 to ! o!r ?r\gh its base4 ,at sev5 o'clock on ! ,sunday morn+ a tra9 />t$ f ea* end lad5 ) invit$ gue/s to witness ! f9al op]ation4 ,amid _m huzzas !y disappe>$ into ! d>k1 yawn+ m\?s ( ! great bore4 ,:5 ea* p>ty rea*$ ! head+ ! ma*9es 7 already at "w4 ,only a foot ( rock /ood betwe5 ^? :o _h j\rney$ up f ,airolo & ! o!rs :o _h travell$ f ,gs*554 ,! di/9ction ( mak+ ! brea* a ?\s& feet "u ! village ( ,&]matt ne/l+ 9 ! sun%9e on ! m\nta9 slopes1 & ) ! little lake ( ,sella #cjjj feet above "o's head1 0 giv5 to two ,pi$montese workm51 ,necc>aviglia & ,*isso1 :o _h toil$ 9 ! ,c5is1 & aft]w>ds 9 ! ,got?>d1 s9ce its v comm5cem5t4 ,! la/ *>ges 7 ramm$ home1 & at #aa4de on ! ,sunday morn+ eight rumbl+ detonations h]ald$ ! pi]c+ ( ,/4 ,got?>d4 ,ere ! smoke _h cle>$ away ! m5 sprang =w>d4 ,!re 0 ! f9al brea*1 ab\t ?ree feet 9 diamet]4 ,eng9e] ,bossi sprang ?r\gh ! gap1 & emotionally embrac$ 8 confr]e on ! o!r side1 foll[$ by 8 workm51 :o %ook h&s ) _! comrades4 ,x 0 a /range sc5e 9 ! dep?s ( ! ,alps1 & ! wild vivas ( ^? assembl$1 to ! memory ( ,l\is ,favre1 rev]b]at$ weirdly d[n ! %aft on ei!r side4 ,! excavations ( ! works to ! full dim5sions & ! l9+ up ( ! la/ section proce$$ ) great rapidity1 & on ,may #bb1 #ahhb1 amid great fe/ivity1 ! tunnel 0 decl>$ op54 ,x _h tak5 t5 ye>s to complete1 b _h ,favre be5 left to 8 own devices1 & _h he n be5 expos$ to f9ancial h>ass+ & intrigue1 & _h n 8 successor ,hellwag be5 driv5 f 8 po/1 x w\ld h be5 f9i%$ 9 ! "t ! eng9e] contemplat$4 ,at t "t ,favre's skill1 pluck & unflagg+ devotion to 8 task 7 n appreciat$1 b recognition ( 8 g5ius 0 aft]w>ds ext5d$ by ! erection ( a monum5t to 8 memory at ! ,airolo entrance to ! tunnel4 ,x is safe to ass]t t x 0 due to 8 ent]prise & grim det]m9ation 9 ! face ( adv]sity t ! ,/4 ,got?>d tunnel became an accompli%$ fact1 & result$ 9 ! r$uction ( ! j\rney betwe5 ,nor!rn ,europe & ,italy by ?irty-six h\rs4 ,9 addition to ! tunnel1 #agb miles ( l9e _h to be built to connect ! ,swiss ) ! ,italian railway sy/ems4 ,f ! body ( ?is fr[n+ clump #ca1hjj1jjj cubic feet ( rock 7 torn by means ( #b1bjj1jjj p\nds ( dynamite4 ,! rema9+ sections ( ! railway nam$ aft] ! tunnel ab\nd 9 int]e/+ features f ! te*nical po9t ( view1 ! mo/ notable1 possibly1 be+ ! rem>kable spiral tunnels to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made1 & ! successful application ( :i* 9 ?is in/ance has be5 reproduc$ ^u o!r railways :]e simil> conditions prevail4 ,! be/ examples1 possibly1 are ^? by :i* ! ,bias*9a gorge is negotiat$1 s9ce "h !re are two ( ^! tunnels side by side1 ! railway almo/ describ+ a figure #h 9 corkscrew+ f "o level to ! o!r4 ,exclusive ( ! ,got?>d1 !re are no less ?an #gf tunnels & gall]ies1 aggregat+ #bi miles1 z well z #a1chd o!r /ructures1 #cbd be+ bridges & viaducts ov] #ci feet 9 l5g?4 ,9 "o /ret* ( #g miles1 9 skirt+ ! s\?-ea/]n arm ( ! ,lake ( ,luc]ne1 ! railway passes ?r\gh #i tunnels1 rang+ f a m]e #he-;feet burr[ to o!rs #f1eab feet 9 l5g?4 ,among ! ,got?>d fa/nesses ! railway "w becomes bold]1 ! bridges are l(ty1 :ile ! l9e zigzags 9 a rem>kable mann]4 ,x is a case ( tunnel1 cut & bridge all ! way4 ,up to #ahhj1 :5 ! railway 0 f9i%$ practically1 con/ructional "w provid$ regul> employm5t = #aj1geg m54 ,s rapidly did ! volume ( traffic ^u ! railway swell1 h[ev]1 t x became extremely difficult to h&le x1 z !re 0 only a s+le l9e1 except 9 ! tunnel & at "o or two o!r po9ts4 ,! provision ( ano!r track became imp]ative1 & 9 #ahhf x 0 comm5c$4 ,?is 0 n a simple matt]1 z ! new "w _h to be c>ri$ out )\t int]rupt+ traffic 9 any way--t is1 s f> z ! ma9 ?r\gh s]vice 0 conc]n$4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,got?>d & f\r small] tunnels1 all ! o!r /ructures _h to be excavat$ out to c>ry ! second pair ( metals1 :ile1 simil>ly1 all bridges _h to be increas$ 9 wid?4 ,9 ord] to f9i% ! "w z rapidly z possible1 ! task 0 divid$ up into a numb] ( small1 sep>ate contracts1 ea* cov]+ a few miles4 ,vehicles = ! conveyance ( con/ructional mat]ial 7 provid$ & supplies 7 haul$ free ( *>ge by ! railway1 :ile explosives = bla/+ 7 sold at co/ price4 ,! mo/ difficult works 7 c>ri$ out by ! company itself by its own eng9e]s & lab\r4 ,9 ?is compreh5sive wid5+ sy/em ov] #ajj1jjj cubic y>ds ( rock :i* _h be5 excavat$ f ! ,/4 ,got?>d & dump$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,airolo 7 reclaim$1 to be us$ 9 ! build+ ( embankm5ts1 revetm5ts & reta9+ walls4 ,! tunnel wid5+ 0 c>ri$ out almo/ exclusively at night & on ,sundays1 s9ce ! smoke f pass+ tra9s w\ld h imp$$ su* "w dur+ ! day4 ,! quicke/ me?ods ( wid5+ 7 adopt$1 & 9 ! approa* to ! ,bri/5 tunnel an excell5t expression ( ?is is af=d$4 ,in/ead ( trimm+ back ! m\nta9-side to provide space = ! second pair ( rails1 a gall]y 0 built project+ f ! m\nta9 & support$ on heavy masonry pill>s1 giv+ ! appe>ance ( a colonnade4 ,9 ! h&l+ ( unavoidable night tra9s an elaborate protection sy/em 0 adopt$ 9 connection ) ! tunnels1 to prev5t disa/] to ! tra9s !mselves or to ! work+ gangs4 ,no tra9s 7 p]mitt$ to ent] a tunnel until assurance _h be5 made d\bly sure t !re 0 no con/ructional tra9 /&+ on ! only l9e to c\rt collision1 & t ! workm5 7 safe4 ,ea* work+ squad 0 cov]$ amply by electric & o!r signall+ devices4 ,simil>ly1 all metallic /ructures t requir$ mov+ 7 h&l$ on ,sundays1 :5 traffic 0 at its l[e/ ebb1 betwe5 ! s*$ul$ movem5ts ( pass+ tra9s1 s t ! latt] might n be delay$4 ,x 0 e/imat$ t ?is "w w\ld occupy n9e ye>s1 b 9 reality x 0 accompli%$ 9 five & a half ye>s1 & ! total co/ ( wid5+ ! :ole mileage to a d\ble l9e 0 only #ejj1jjj1 or #b1ejj1jjj4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,railway ,,invasion ,,( ,,canada ,! news ( ! victory ( ,/eph5son's 8,rocket0 9 ! hi/oric railway locomotive conte/ at ,ra9hill on ! ,liv]pool ,man*e/] railway 9 #ahbi sc>cely _h filt]$ r\nd ! _w1 :5 ! idea ( transport+ pass5g]s & m]*&ise by /eam p[] along two p>allel rails occupi$ ! e>ne/ att5tion ( ent]pris+ spirits 9 ,canada4 ,!y realis$ t ! new me?od ( locomotion 0 c]ta9 to play an important "p 9 ! op5+ up ( ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,z a result ( delib]ations1 a small body ( prom95t bus9ess m5 9 ,montreal appli$ = a *>t] to con/ruct a railway f ,la ,prairie to ,/4 ,john's 9 ! prov9ce ( ,quebec1 :i* 0 grant$ 9 #ahcb "u ! seal ( ,william ,,iv4 ,x 0 an unpret5ti\s ent]prise1 = ! project$ l9e 0 only "s f\rte5 miles 9 l5g?4 ,x 0 nam$ ! ,*ampla9 ,/4 ,lawr5ce railway1 ! idea be+ to l9k ,lake ,*ampla91 :5ce ,new ,york c\ld be rea*$ by wat]1 ) ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,! fir/ section ( ! l9e 0 op5$ 9 #ahcf1 ?\gh x 0 n op]at$ by /eam4 ,! rails 7 ( wood1 & ! vehicles 7 haul$ by horses4 ,?is sy/em obta9$ = only "o ye>1 h[ev]4 ,! fir/ w9t] suffic$ to demon/rate to ^? conc]n$ ) ! ent]prise t su* primitive me?ods 7 f> f satisfactory4 ,consequ5tly ! 8wood5 flanges10 z ! rails con/itut+ ! track 7 call$1 7 torn up to make way = iron rails1 & ! /eam5g9e took ! place ( ! animal motor4 ,a ye> or two lat] ! objective ( ! promot]s 0 atta9$4 ,lake ,*ampla9 0 br\ght into communication ) ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce at ,montreal by a railway "s fifty miles 9 l5g?1 ! inl& %eet ( wat] be+ tapp$ at ,r\ses's ,po9t at ! head ( ! lake 9 ,unit$ ,/ates t]ritory4 ,x is /at$ t ,jay ,g\ld1 :o aft]w>ds became "o ( ! greate/ railway-build]s & magnates 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ga9$ 8 fir/ insight ( ! con/ruction ( railways ^u ?is l9e1 by be+ associat$ ) ! location survey4 ,f ?is humble beg9n+ 0 wov5 ! huge railway network ( ,canada1 :i* n[ gridirons ! c\ntry 9 all directions1 & aggregates "s #be1jjj miles4 ,o!r projects 7 =mulat$ 9 rapid succession = a compreh5sive invasion ( ! ea/]n corn] ( ! c\ntry4 ,=emo/ among ^! 0 ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway ,company1 conceiv$ 9 #aheb1 to build a trunk road betwe5 ! ,atlantic seabo>d & ! ,great ,lakes1 :i* at t "t 0 practically ! we/]n comm]cial limit ( ! ,dom9ion4 ,x 0 an ,engli% ent]prise1 &1 moreov]1 0 /rongly imp]ial f ! s5tim5tal po9t ( view1 = x 0 plann$ to ?read ,canadian t]ritory entirely4 ,! fam\s firm ( railway con/ructional eng9e]s1 ,messrs4 ,peto1 ,betts ,brassey1 fre% f _! triumphs on ! ,cont95t1 7 will+ to c>ry out ! "w4 ,!y _h an ext5sive accumulation ( plant ly+ idle1 & at ! "t 7 seek+ = fre% worlds to conqu]4 ,canada pres5t$ j ! opportunity !y desir$1 & !y 7 ready to provide all ! railways t ,canada w\ld require = "s ye>s to come4 ,! fai? 9 ?is firm ( con/ructional eng9e]s 0 s great t ,briti% f9anci]s 7 op5 to provide any am\nt ( money t might be requir$4 ,! negotiations 7 prolong$1 z rival int]e/s oppos$ ! s*eme vehem5tly4 ,! prelim9>ies pass$ ?r\gh _m vicissitudes1 b ! compact betwe5 ! ,engli% f9anci]s & ! ,canadian au?orities 0 ratifi$ & seal$1 at la/1 = ! con/ruction ( a ma9 l9e betwe5 ,montreal & ,hamilton1 a di/ance ( ab\t #cgc miles1 :i* ! ,prov9cial ,gov]nm5t und]took to f9ance to ! ext5t ( #c1jjj1 or #ae1jjj1 p] mile4 ,hamilton 0 select$ z ! we/]n t]m9al po9t because !refrom ano!r l9e ext5d$ to ! ,lakes1 :ile a railway 0 creep+ up f ,portl& on ! ,atlantic coa/ to ,montreal4 ,by ! con/ruction ( ?is c5tral section1 #ifd miles ( ?r\gh cont9u\s railway w\ld be provid$ = ! b5efit ( ! population4 ,b ! und]tak+ prov$ to be "o ( ! mo/ difficult t ! eng9e]s1 despite _! wide & v>i$ exp]i5ce1 _h be5 call$ ^u to fulfil up to ?is "t4 ,! c\ntry trav]s$ 0 v sp>sely populat$1 ! =e/s 7 d5se1 & 9 w9t]1 "u ! comb9$ adv]sities ( sn[1 ice1 & int5se cold1 ! situation 0 t]rible4 ,lab\r 0 sc>ce1 wages 7 high1 & mat]ial 0 f\nd to be exp5sive4 ,9 ! end x 0 f\nd t ! av]age co/ p] mile approximat$ #h1jjj1 or #dj1jjj1 s t to l9k ,montreal ) ,toronto entail$ an exp5diture ( #b1ffd1jjj1 or #ac1cbj1jjj4 ,moreov]1 x 0 "o ( ! l>ge/ contracts t ! eng9e]s ev] _h c>ri$ out1 :ile ! physical conditions h>ass$ !m to su* an ext5t t :5 !y balanc$ up _! books !y f\nd !y _h incurr$ a loss ( ab\t #a1jjj1jjj1 or #e1jjj1jjj4 ,! wide gauge ( five feet six in*es 0 adopt$1 & ?is factor develop$ into z ke5 a bone ( diss5sion 9 ,canada z x did 9 ,great ,brita91 & z 9 ! latt] c\ntry x 0 f9ally aboli%$1 s 9 ,canada x 0 ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( ! /&>d gauge ( f\r feet eight & a half in*es1 ?\gh ! conv]sion co/ ! ,gr& ,trunk railway a matt] ( #a1jjj1jjj 7#e1jjj1jjj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #b1 8,,! ,,toronto10 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,railway ,,eng9e ,,built ,,9 ,,canada ,,by ,,james ,,good ,,9 #ahec ,illu/ration3 ,photo by c\rtesy ( ,p5nsylvania ,/eel ,co4 ,,! ,,niag>a ,,cantilev] ,,railway ,,bridge ,,"u ,,con/ruction ,x 0 built r\nd ! susp5sion highway bridge s z n to int]rupt communication betwe5 ! two banks4 ,yet 9 build+ ?is l9e ! contractors set up an eng9e]+ monum5t :i* = ye>s rank$ z ! 8eigh? wond] ( ! _w40 ,montreal 0 on ! nor? bank ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 :ile ! l9k connect+ ! metropolis ) ! ,atlantic seabo>d foll[$ ! s\!rn bank ( ! riv]4 ,! two sections ( l9e 7 int]rupt$ by ! roll+ wat]way1 :i* at ?is po9t is ne>ly two miles wide4 ,! spann+ ( ?is gap1 s z to br+ ,montreal into direct railway t\* ) ! coa/1 _h be5 "o ( ! great ob/acles to ! incorporation ( ! railway 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 b ,messrs4 ,peto1 ,betts ,brassey und]took to =ge ?is l9k4 ,at t "t x 0 s =midable an und]tak+ z to be ?\ght absolutely incapable ( realisation4 ,inde$1 :5 a sugge/ion = bridg+ ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce at ?is po9t 0 advanc$ = ! fir/ "t1 x 0 laugh$ to scorn4 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,eigh? ,,wond] ,,( ,,! ,,_w0 ,! wond]ful tubul> bridge1 #f1eib feet long1 built by ,ross & ,/eph5son across ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv] to c>ry ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway into ,montreal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bridge ,,z ,,recon/ruct$ ,! cont9u\s tube c>ry+ a s+le track 0 conv]t$ into an op5 truss gird] bridge to take two sets ( metals1 tramway l9e1 road & pavem5t4 ,h[ev]1 its con/ruction con/itut$ a vital "p ( ! contract4 ,accord+ly1 ! contractors lo/ no "t 9 attack+ ! und]tak+ :5 !y secur$ a foo?old 9 ! ,dom9ion4 ,! riv] 0 survey$ m9utely up & d[n = a consid]able di/ance1 :ile detail$ s\nd+s 7 made to discov] ! ext5t & nature ( ! f\ndations requisite = ! pi]s4 ,aft] inf9ite lab\r a suitable site 0 discov]$1 & a great measure ( cr$it = ! location is due to ,alex&] ,m4 ,ross1 :o 0 "o ( ! eng9e]s to ! und]tak+1 ,george ,/eph5son act+ z consult+ eng9e]4 ,ross c>ri$ c>efully prep>$ & detail$ plans ( ! /ructure he _h =mulat$ to 8 coadjutator 9 ,engl&1 & ,/eph5son admitt$1 :5 fir/ submitt$ to 8 notice1 t 8! idea 0 c]ta9ly />tl+40 ,h[ev]1 he complim5t$ ,ross ^u 8 d>+1 & z ! latt] eng9e] _h won 8 spurs 9 ,engl& be=e he dep>t$ to ,canada on behalf ( ! gr\p ( capitali/s f9anc+ ! ,gr& ,trunk railway1 8 "w receiv$ great] consid]ation f ! em95t eng9e] ?an might h be5 ! case o!rwise4 ,! result 0 t :5 ,/eph5son w5t to ,canada to consid] ! subject on ! spot he concurr$ ) ,ross 9 ! g5]al s*eme1 & ! design 0 elaborat$ conjo9tly4 ,:5 ! location 0 settl$ def9itely1 ! project 0 assail$ vigor\sly by bridge design]s 9 ,am]ica1 b ?is animosity 0 inflam$ f ! fact t !y _h prep>$ alt]native proposals = bridg+ ! wat]way at a diff]5t spot4 ,! rival eng9e]s emphasis$ ! dang] f ice1 & comm5t$ /rongly ^u ! risk1 9 fact s]i\s dang]1 aris+ f ?is cause1 to ! full brunt ( :i* ,/eph5son's bridge w\ld be submitt$4 ,"s critics ev5 w5t s f> z to /ate t ! /ructure nev] w\ld be complet$1 or if s1 w\ld come d[n "u ! fir/ pack+ ( ! ice4 ,/eph5son1 h[ev]1 treat$ 8 ,am]ican detractors ) contempt1 &1 to ! m9d ( ! latt] wor?ies1 appe>$ to fly delib]ately 9 ! face ( ,fate by concurr+ ) ,ross's recomm5dations4 ,t 0 ne>ly sixty ye>s ago1 b ! pi]s h giv5 no sign ( collaps+ yet4 ,! resid5t eng9e] & sup]9t5d5t ( ! con/ructional "w1 ,mr4 ,james ,hodges1 realis+ ! monum5tal "* ( ! und]tak+--= x 0 a l>g] bridge-build+ s*eme ?an ev] _h be5 attempt$ up to ?is "t--sp5t _m h\rs toge!r wre/l+ ) difficulties z !y develop$1 = ! unexpect$ confront$ !m at e turn4 ,! ice 0 "o ( _! greate/ p]plexities1 because dur+ ! w9t] ! riv] is froz5 s solidly t x w support ! weight ( a tra91 &1 inde$1 a track has be5 laid across ! wat]way 9 w9t] to ma9ta9 communication betwe5 ! two banks4 ,:5 ! ice broke up1 ! floes became jamm$ & pil$ aga9/ ! tempor>y works ar\nd ! pi]s 9 an inextricable mass to su* an ext5t t x dem&$ unremitt+ vigilance to gu>d aga9/ a collapse ( ! dams "u ! enorm\s pressure ex]t$ ^u !m4 ,! dep? ( ! riv] & ! curr5t 7 two o!r factors :i* _h to be tak5 into s]i\s consid]ation1 = "s ( ! pi]s are sunk 9 tw5ty-two feet ( wat]1 :ile ! velocity ( ! curr5t is ab\t sev5 miles an h\r4 ,! work+ season 0 v %ort1 av]ag+ ab\t tw5ty-six weeks dur+ ! ye>1 & dur+ ?is p]iod e available man _h to be cr[d$ on to ! "w4 ,:5 con/ruction 0 9 full sw+1 betwe5 #bjjj & #cjjj m5 f\nd employm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by p]mission ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,/eel ,co4 ,,! ,,magnific5t ,,s+le ,,span ,,bridge ,,across ,,! ,,niag>a ,,riv] ,,bel[ ,,! ,,falls ,l5g? ( span1 #eej feet2 height above #bbf feet4 ,! bridge consi/$ ( a huge rectangul> tube1 simil> to t spann+ ! ,m5ai ,/raits1 c>ry+ a s+le track4 ,f end to end x measur$ #f1eib feet by #af feet wide1 #ah feet 9 height1 & weigh$ #i1jdd tons4 ,x 0 divid$ into #be spans1 #bd ( :i* 7 ( #bdb feet ea*1 :ile "o 0 ( #ccj feet4 ,! pi]s 7 built massively 9 masonry1 ! /one be+ obta9$ f qu>ries 9 conv5i5t proximity4 ,! ironwork 0 prep>$ 9 ,engl&1 ea* piece be+ m>k$ c>efully = its position 9 ! /ructure4 ,! bridge _h a gradual slope upw>ds f ei!r bank to ! c5tre1 :]e ! height f ! b$ ( ! riv] to ! top ( ! tube 0 #ajh feet4 ,= its erection #b1bej1jjj feet ( timb] 7 requir$ 9 connection ) ! tempor>y "w1 ! pi]s & abutm5ts dem&$ ! use ( "s #c1jjj1jjj feet ( masonry1 & #b1ejj1jjj rivets 7 us$ to secure ! compon5t p>ts ( ! ironwork toge!r4 ,9 addition to ! bridge prop]1 "s #b1ejj feet ( approa*es on ei!r side _h to be fa%ion$1 s t ! total l5g? ( ! "w 0 #i1add feet4 ,! contract$ price = ! /ructure 0 #a1djj1jjj1 or #g1jjj1jjj1 b x 0 complet$ = #ajj1jjj 7#ejj1jjj7 less4 ,( ?is total ! masonry & tempor>y "w absorb$1#hjj1jjj1 or #d1jjj1jjj1 & ! ironwork #djj1jjj 7#b1jjj1jjj74 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,iron ,,tube1 #b1bij ,,feet ,,9 ,,l5g? ,,& #bc ,,feet ,,9 ,,diamet] ,illu/ration3 ,,! #bjjj ,h4,p4 ,,electric ,,locomotives ,,haul+ ,,! 8,,int]national ,,limit$0 ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,tube ,! 8l9k t b9ds ,two ,great ,nations10 ! ,/4 ,clair ,tunnel1 "u ! ,/4 ,clair ,riv]4 ,:ile ! "w 0 9 progress ! railway company f\nd increas+ traffic1 z ! sections ( complet$ l9e 7 op5$1 s emphasis$ ! urg5cy ( secur+ ?r\gh communication across ! riv] t ! contractors 7 approa*$1 & a bonus ( #fj1jjj 7#cjj1jjj7 0 (f]$ to !m if !y w\ld complete ! "w a ye> e>li] ?an 0 /ipulat$ 9 ! contract4 ,! eng9e]s r$\bl$ _! ef=ts1 & on ,decemb] #ag1 #ahei1 ! great bridge 0 op5$1 ?\gh ! (ficial c]emony took place five mon?s lat]1 :5 ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii1 !n ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 op5$ ! ,victoria ,bridge1 z x 0 *ri/5$1 9 ! "n ( ,que5 ,victoria1 dur+ 8 visit to ! ,dom9ion4 ,/eph5son di$ be=e 8 great "w 0 complet$4 ,= a qu>t] ( a c5tury or m x con/itut$ "o ( ! sights ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t4 ,z ! c\ntry became m settl$ & ! volume ( traffic fl[+ to & fro across ! riv] increas$1 ! railway exp]i5c$ a v great difficulty 9 h&l+ x ov] a s+le l9e4 ,at la/ ! inadequacy rea*$ su* a po9t t "s improvem5t 0 imp]ative4 ,a second bridge w\ld h be5 too co/ly1 & aft] consid]able reflection x 0 decid$ to replace ! tubul> bridge by "o ( l>g] dim5sions4 ,a m9ute exam9ation ( ! exi/+ /ructure 0 made1 & x speaks volumes = ! "w ( ,/eph5son & ,ross1 z well z ( ! contractors1 t ! bridge appe>$ z s\nd & z fit = ano!r c5tury or m z x did on ! day x 0 fir/ op5$4 ,! pi]s _h be5 built s solidly t !y did n %[ ! slighte/ trace ( ! t]rible buffet+s & pressure to :i* !y _h be5 subject$ by ! ice dur+ "s fifty w9t]s4 ,consequ5tly x 0 decid$ to remove ! tubul> /ructure & to erect 9 its place an op5 truss bridge1 #ff feet #h in*es wide1 c>ry+ a d\ble track1 a roadway = an electric tram-l9e1 space = vehicul> traffic1 & a pavem5t = p$e/rians4 ,! eng9e]s design+ ! new /ructure came to ! conclusion t ! /rik+ /ability & condition ( ! masonry pi]s w\ld c>ry ! new bridge ) b slight alt]ation4 ,z a result ( ?is conclusion x 0 decid$ to erect ! new /ructure ar\nd ! old bridge1 cutt+ away ! latt] span by span1 s t !re 0 no int]ruption to ! tra9 s]vice4 ,?is appe>$ to be a simple exp$i5t1 b :5 ! eng9e]s comm5c$ op]ations on ,/eph5son's h&iwork !y f\nd t x 0 built ( f> t\gh] mat]ial ?an !y _h expect$4 ,! rivets defi$ )drawal1 s excell5tly _h !y be5 driv5 home1 & "o ( ! eng9e]s %[$ me "o ( ^! secur+ pieces1 :i* he _h pres]v$ z a mem5to ( ,briti% h&iwork ( "s sev5ty ye>s ago4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 z he relat$1 x 0 f> easi] to build ! new /ructure ?an x 0 to de/roy ! old1 & ! cutt+ away ( ! old tubul> bridge span by span 0 f\nd to be an exce$+ly labori\s task4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 a*iev$1 & !re 0 n ! slighte/ int]ruption 9 ! traffic1 :i* te/ifies to ! skill & c>e ) :i* ! eng9e]s laid _! plans4 ,nor 0 x att5d$ by any unt[>d incid5t1 ?\gh :at might h prov$ a t]rible accid5t 0 av]t$ v n>r[ly dur+ recon/ruction1 z 0 relat$ to me by "o ( ! eng9e]s4 ,x 0 ,sunday morn+1 & !y 7 rebuild+ ! c5tral "p ( ! bridge4 ,special m5 _h be5 /ation$ at ea* approa* to ! bridge1 & elaborate in/ructions _h be5 drawn up = controll+ ! passage ( tra9s by flag-signall+4 ,sunday 0 select$ = ! mo/ difficult portions ( ! "w1 z on t day ! tra9s 7 few & f> betwe54 ,on ?is ,sunday morn+ ! "w _h advanc$ s satisfactorily t ! old tubul> span _h be5 remov$1 & !re 0 a wide gap 9 ! cont9uity ( ! ironwork c>ry+ ! metals1 %[+ ! murky riv] sw++ along at a m]ry pace bel[4 ,ev]y?+ 0 ready = complet+ ! new span1 :5 "o ( ! eng9e]s1 happ5+ to glance %orew>ds1 obs]v$ a tra9 ent]+ ! bridge & com+ along at a brisk spe$4 ,some?+ _h gone wrong2 ! flagman _h misund]/ood in/ructions or _h giv5 a wrong signal4 ,! tra9 0 spe$+ to its doom1 = !re 0 ! yawn+ gulf4 ,b ! eng9e] nev] lo/ 8 pres5ce ( m9d4 ,realis+ ! situation1 he ?rew d[n 8 in/rum5ts1 & ran along ! track t[>ds ! advanc+ tra9 wav+ 8 arms frantically & yell+ l "o b]eft4 ,! eng9e-driv]1 unlike ! majority ( 8 ilk on an ,am]ican railway1 conclud$ t some?+ mu/ be amiss1 & appli$ 8 brakes %>ply1 pull+ up a %ort di/ance f ! br9k ( ! abyss4 ,x 0 a n>r[ escape2 _h ! eng9e] hesitat$ a m9ute1 disa/] swift & sudd5 w\ld h ov]:elm$ t tra94 ,:5 ! new bridge1 ) its #bb1jjj tons ( /eel1 0 complet$ = traffic x 0 r5am$1 b z ! recon/ruction co9cid$ ) ! ,jubilee ( ,que5 ,victoria's reign1 ! revision compris$ m]ely ! p]petuation ( t auspici\s ev5t1 & to-day ! /ructure is kn[n z ! ,victoria ,jubilee ,bridge4 ,f fir/ to la/ ! /ructure has co/ #a1hjj1jjj 7#i1jjj1jjj71 ( :i* recon/ruction absorb$ ab\t #djj1jjj 7#b1jjj1jjj74 ,z ! ,gr& ,trunk increas$ 9 importance1 subsidi>y & tribut>y railways 7 absorb$4 ,nor 0 ! orig9al idea ( a trunk l9e ov]look$4 ,?is end 0 a*iev$ by pu%+ t[>ds ,*icago1 ! busy c5tre ( ! ,middle ,/ates4 ,cont9uity ( rail 9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 0 int]rupt$ by ! ,/4 ,clair ,riv]1 ! n>r[ /rait :i* connects ,lakes ,huron & ,ont>io4 ,9 ! e>ly days communication 0 ma9ta9$ by means ( f]ry-boats1 :i* h&l$ complete tra9s1 b z ! riv] is extremely erratic1 ) /rong curr5ts v>y+ 9 velocity accord+ to ! direction ( ! w9d1 & is conge/$ ) %ipp+1 ! f]ry s]vice possess$ _m %ortcom+s4 ,:5 ! /rait 0 ob/ruct$ ) float+ ice1 ! situation became f> m s]i\s4 ,accord+ly1 9 ord] to remove ^! disabilities1 a bold solution 0 elaborat$ 9 ! =m ( a tunnel b5ea? ! wat]way connect+ ,s>nia on ! ,canadian ) ,port ,huron on ! ,unit$ ,/ates side ( ! ,/4 ,clair ,riv]4 ,x c]ta9ly 0 an audaci\s rem$y = a p]plex+ problem4 ,! riv] is #df feet deep & is ne>ly half-a-mile wide1 s t ! tunnel _h to be plann$ at a great dep?4 ,h[ev]1 no bett] alt]native c\ld be (f]$1 = a bridge 0 q out ( ! "q1 s 9 #ahhf ! ,/4 ,clair ,tunnel ,company 0 =m$ z a subsidi>y und]tak+ ( ! railway1 to complete a subaque\s l9k ( communication1 ) ,mr4 ,joseph ,hobson z *ief eng9e]4 ,z ! topography ( ! l& on ei!r side is tol]ably flat1 ! "q ( ! approa*es _h to be settl$1 & a heavy grade at ei!r end c\ld n be avoid$4 ,te*nical difficulties 7 enc\nt]$ at ! v />t4 ,a trial %aft 0 sunk on ! ,canadian side to a dep? ( #ih feet1 :ile ano!r %aft on ! ,am]ican side 0 c>ri$ d[n to #ib feet4 ,! prelim9>y %afts 7 elliptical 9 %ape1 measur+ #d feet by #h feet 9 diamet]s4 ,:5 ! requisite dep?s 7 obta9$1 gall]ies 7 driv5 at "r angles b5ea? ! riv]4 ,^! ef=ts prov+ satisfactory1 x 0 decid$ to build ! complete tunnel f ei!r bank f %afts1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,blackwall tunnel4 ,! %afts 7 ea* #bc feet 9 diamet]1 & !y 7 s built t !re 0 a circul> r+1 ! l[] face ( :i* c>ri$ a knife-edge digg+ into ! gr\nd4 ,! soil 0 excavat$ f b5ea? ?is knife-edge1 & z ! brick-wall l9+ ( ! %aft 0 built ^u ! upp] surface ( ! knife-r+1 x 0 consid]$ t ! sup]impos$ weight w\ld drive ! knife d[nw>ds z ! e>? b5ea? 0 remov$4 ,b ^! c>efully-laid s*emes & anticipations w5t a/ray4 ,exasp]at+ failures & mi%aps occurr$1 & at la/ ! eng9e] *ang$ 8 plans2 ! %aft me?od 0 ab&on$4 ,in/ead1 he decid$ to drive ! tunnel f ei!r end ?r\gh ! approa*es4 ,= ?is purpose ! plant & ma*9]y 7 remov$ inl& f ! %afts = a di/ance ( #a1ijj feet on ! ,canadian1 & #a1hjj feet on ! ,am]ican bank respectively4 ,two huge cutt+s 7 driv5 d[nhill until ! tunnel level 0 ga9$1 :5 ! burr[ b5ea? ! riv] 0 comm5c$4 ,! tunnel itself consi/s ( a circul> iron tube or pipe ( suffici5t diamet] to c>ry a s+le track4 ,x is #ai feet #aj in*es 9 diamet]1 is built up ( ca/-iron r+s1 & weighs complete #ef1jjj1jjj p\nds1 or ab\t #be1dej tons4 ,bor+ 0 effect$ f ei!r end by means ( ! hydraulic %ield1 & 9 less ?an ?ree ye>s ! task 0 f9i%$4 ,! l5g? ( tunnel b5ea? ! wat] is #b1bij feet1 :ile t "u dry l& repres5ts ano!r #c1gdh feet1 mak+ a total l5g? ( #f1icb feet4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ #e1ehj feet ( approa*es1 :i* br+s ! total ext5t ( ! "w to ne>ly #ab1jjj feet1 or #b miles4 ,x co/ #edj1jjj1 or #b1gjj1jjj1 & has always rank$ z a notewor?y a*ievem5t 9 ?is p>ticul> bran* ( eng9e]+4 ,ow+ to ! /eepness ( ! approa*es on ei!r side special locomotives _h to be built to h&le ! traffic ?r\gh ?is art]y4 ,!y 7 p[]ful creations ( ! railway eng9e design]1 & :5 !y appe>$ 7 ! l>ge/ /eam locomotives 9 ! _w4 ,!y c\ld haul a tra9 weigh+ #gfj tons1 ?\gh at times ! pace 0 sl[4 ,b traffic betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada increas$ by leaps & b\nds1 ow+ to ! provision ( ?is tunnel1 ) ! result t 9 a v few ye>s ! railway au?orities f\nd t ! tube 0 q ov]tax$4 ,a solemn conclave 0 held z to ! be/ ways & means ( meet+ ?is developm5t4 ,! track c\ld n be d\bl$2 s ! "q 0 h[ to increase ! exi/+ haul+ capacity ( a s+le eng9e4 ,/eam c\ld n meet ! "q1 s 0 rul$ out ( c\rt4 ,!n an eng9e] sugge/$ electrification1 & advanc$ a report to %[ h[ ! weight ( ea* tra9 might be increas$ by ne>ly #be p] c5t4 ) quick] work+1 & consequ5tly w\ld facilitate ! passage ( a great] numb] ( tra9s 9 a giv5 "t4 ,?is eng9e]1 ,mr4 ,bion ,arnold1 0 au?oris$ to proce$ ) 8 s*eme & to complete 8 plans = ! electrification ( ! tunnel4 ,he did s1 & z a result a specification 0 drawn up requir+ ! haulage ( a tra9 weigh+ #ajjj tons ov] ! #b miles 9 #ae m9utes1 ) a maximum spe$ ( #be miles & a m9imum spe$ ( #aj miles p] h\r respectively4 ,:5 ! plans 7 made kn[n x 0 realis$ t ! project compris$ ! mo/ ambiti\s electrical und]tak+ t ev] _h be5 attempt$ up to t "t 9 railway op]ations1 especially z x 0 insi/$ t ! electrical sy/em %\ld be ( a type :i* con/itut$ its fir/ application to heavy /eam railway work+4 ,?is is :at is kn[n z ! s+le-phase alt]nat+ curr5t sy/em ) ov]head conductor4 ,! invitation = t5d]s 0 await$ ) ke5 anticipation ?r\gh\t ! _w1 z x 0 conc$$ to (f] a unique opportunity to ! electrical eng9e]4 ,consequ5tly ke5 competition 0 ev9c$ to secure ! hon\r ( c>ry+ out su* a rem>kable und]tak+4 ,! contract 0 secur$ by ! ,we/+h\se ,electric ,manufactur+ ,company1 & 0 c>ri$ to a successful conclusion at a co/ ( #ajj1jjj 7#ejj1jjj74 ,! locomotives n[ us$ on ?is s]vice are among ! mo/ p[]ful 9 ! _w4 ,!y weigh #ace tons1 & develop ab\t #bjjj horse-p[]1 :i* enables !m to haul a #ajjj-ton tra9 up ! heavy approa* grades at a m9imum spe$ ( #aj miles p] h\r4 ,moreov]1 s9ce electricity 0 adopt$1 ! tunnel has be5 kept free f ! d5se cl\ds ( smoke & /eam :i* orig9ally conv]t$ ! tube into a v]itable inf]no1 &1 :at is f> m important f ! railway company's po9t ( view1 ! electrical sy/em is able to meet ?ree times ! volume ( traffic t exi/s to-day1 s t !re is ample provision = ! future4 ,z x is1 ! #b miles ( l9e b5ea? ! teem+ ,/4 ,clair ,riv] is ! heavie/ electrically work$ section ( railway 9 ! _w4 ,ano!r l9k ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h[ev]1 0 incumb5t to br+ ! manufactur+ c5tres ar\nd ,buffalo into clos] communication ) ! ,dom9ion4 ,yet !re 0 only "o po9t :]e ?is l9k c\ld be provid$--across ! gorge ?r\gh :i* ! ,niag>a ,riv]1 aft] tumbl+ ov] ! l(ty cliff1 see!s & boils on its way to ,lake ,ont>io4 ,a susp5sion bridge met ! exig5cies ( highway traffic = "s ye>s1 b "h aga9 improvem5t 0 dem&$4 ,accord+ly1 a new bridge 0 plann$1 & ?is con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ graceful /ructures spann+ t fe>ful rift4 ,! old bridge fulfill$ its s]vices fai?fully = =ty ye>s1 & :5 demoli%$ 0 f\nd to be possess$ ( sev]al ye>s ( life4 ,! new bridge is a spl5did "w1 & its close proximity to ! ,falls (f]s a /rik+ comp>ison betwe5 ! h&iwork ( ,nature & t ( ! eng9e]4 ,! bridge leaps across ! gorge 9 a s+le span1 & :5 "o is spe$+ ov] ! /ructure 9 ! tra91 "o is at an elevation ( #bbf feet above ! rag+ wat]s bel[4 ,! span is ( no less ?an #eej feet1 & ! ends are secur$ to massive an*orages sunk into ! face ( ! cliffs4 ,x is wr\ght ?r\gh\t ( /eel1 & is approa*$ f ei!r side ov] a s+le truss span #aae feet long1 giv+ a total l5g? ( #ghj feet4 ,b ! bridge s]ves a dual purpose4 ,! upp] level or deck1 #cj feet 9 wid?1 c>ries two tracks = ! railway's ne$1 b bel[ ?is is ano!r deck1 #eg feet wide1 :i* has a c5tral c>riage-way flank$ on ei!r h& by a broad pavem5t1 s t ! bridge provides vehicul> & p$e/rian accommodation betwe5 ! opposite banks4 ,9 ord] to provide ?is improv$ connection betwe5 ! two nations1 a sum ( ab\t #ajj1jjj 7#ejj1jjj7 _h to be exp5d$4 ,! improv$ facilities x (f]$ s appeal$ to ! public on bo? %ores t !y celebrat$ its op5+ 9 #ahig by a ?ree days' c>nival4 ,z "t sp$ by1 ! ,gr& ,trunk railway gradually b surely swall[$ its competitors1 until at la/ x 0 left 9 undisput$ possession ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,ont>io1 f ! railway po9t ( view4 ,to-day x has ov] #hjjj miles ( intricate /eel ribbon /ret*$ betwe5 ! ,great ,lakes & ! ,atlantic coa/1 :ile betwe5 ,montreal & ,*icago ! fa/e/ tra9s 9 ! ,dom9ion hurtle to & fro ov] a d\ble track #hdj miles 9 l5g?1 :i* is ! longe/ cont9u\s /ret* ( d\ble track "u "o managem5t 9 ! _w1 & ^u :i* "s exhil>at+ spe$s are atta9$4 ,:5 ! ,briti% capitali/s committ$ !mselves to an exp5diture ( ov] #i1jjj1jjj1 or #de1jjj1jjj1 = ! con/ruction ( less ?an #ejj miles ( l9e ?r\gh virg9 t]ritory1 x is d\btful :e!r 9 _! rosie/ dreams !y ev] anticipat$ t x w\ld gr[ into a huge organisation aggregat+ a ?ird ( ! railway mileage ( ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica )9 sixty ye>s4 ,developm5t is /ill be+ ma9ta9$2 new t]ritories are be+ conqu]$4 ,a new long & s9u\s arm1 #c1eef miles f end to end1 is be+ /ret*$ out f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific ,ocean1 to br+ ! ea/]n into direct t\* ) ! we/]n seabo>d4 ,! :ole has gr[n f ! insignificant little wood5 road t 0 laid betwe5 ,la ,prairie & ,/4 ,john's 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,quebec eighty ye>s ago4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,fir/ ,,trans-,,cont95tal ,,across ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates 8,!re 7 difficulties f end to end3 f high & /eep m\nta9s2 f sn[s2 f des]ts :]e !re 0 a sc>city ( wat]1 & f gorges & flats :]e !re 0 an excess2 difficulties f cold & heat2 f a sc>city ( timb] & f ob/ructions ( rock2 difficulties 9 keep+ a l>ge =ce on a long l9e2 f ,indians2 & f want ( lab\r40 ,?is 0 ! t]se /ory relat$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,congress by ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton1 "o ( ! mov+ spirits ( :at1 at t "t1 0 a trem5d\s und]tak+--! con/ruction ( ! fir/ railway across ,nor? ,am]ica :]eby ! ,atlantic 0 l9k$ ) ! ,pacific by a bond ( /eel4 ,b t concise /atem5t conceal$ "o ( ! mo/ romantic /ories 9 ! hi/ory ( railway eng9e]+3 ( grim battles e h\r ei!r aga9/ ! ho/ile =ces ( nature or ( mank9d4 ,x 0 9 #ahfc t ! fir/ sod 0 turn$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! fir/ l9e :i* 0 de/9$ to br+ ,san ,francisco )9 #abj h\rs' j\rney ( ,new ,york1 & :i* *ang$ completely ! :ole /ream ( traffic fl[+ r\nd "o-half ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,b = "s ye>s be=e ! spade 0 driv5 into ! e>? to signal ! comm5cem5t ( ?is ent]prise1 ! idea _h be5 contemplat$ & discuss$ 9 a m or less academic mann]4 ,x 0 su* a va/ s*eme1 ! comm]cial possibilities ( success appe>$ s sl5d] t ! mo/ d>+ f9anci]s ( t day %rank f fa!r+ x4 ,capitali/s conclud$ t !y might j z well p\r _! money d[n a well z to s9k x 9 su* a project z ?is4 ,! public1 h[ev]1 reg>d$ ! idea f a totally diff]5t /&po9t4 ,ea/ want$ to %ake h&s ) ! we/ ov] ! mighty m\nta9s & va/ pla9s4 ,to pass f ,new ,york to ,san ,francisco1 or 9 ! rev]se direction1 9 ^? days 0 a p]il\s j\rney4 ,"o ei!r _h to make a protract$ & dang]\s voyage d[n "o side ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 r\nd ,cape ,horn1 & pass up ! opposite coa/-l9e = "s #aj1jjj miles2 to brave ! p]il ( trav]s+ ! fev]-ridd5 ,c5tral ,am]ican ,i/hmus2 or to emb>k ^u an ov]l& j\rney ( "s #c1jjj miles ?r\gh c\ntry :]e long /ret*es ( p>*$1 wat]less des]t gave way to l(ty1 sn[-capp$ m\nta9s1 ) ! ,indians 9 op5 w>f>e4 ,:5 ,cali=nia see!d 9 ! fam\s ,gold ,ru%1 & adv5tur]s flock$ to ?is magnetic hub f all p>ts ( ! _w1 ! abs5ce ( a connect+ l9k 0 exp]i5c$ to an acute degree4 ,! gold-fev]-/rick5 pione]s _h to ga9 _! objective z be/ !y c\ld1 & ) ! be/ means ( locomotion !y c\ld af=d4 ,9 a s+le ye> #ajj1jjj gold-seek]s trail$ across ! cont95t4 ,! traffic produc$ by ! discov]y ( gold set ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton ?9k+4 ,"h 0 a heavy volume ( traffic slipp+ ?r\gh ! f+]s4 ,:y %\ld x n be h&l$ by a railway8 ,?is 0 8 argum5t1 & z he 0 a dream] ( comm]cial conque/1 ?\gh n 9 an idle mann]1 he decid$ to rem$y ! defici5cy4 ,look+ into ! future1 he saw t a l9e n only w\ld meet ! imm$iate dem&s born ( ! gold ru%1 b t x w\ld develop into a great highway betwe5 ,europe & ! ,ea/1 z well z ! ,antipodes4 ,he discuss$ ! idea ) k9dr$ spirits1 ,lel& ,/an=d & ,?omas ,c4 ,durant1 & !y became en?us$ ) ! project4 ,b ! "q 0 h[ to obta9 ! money requisite = con/ruction8 ,to appeal to ! public 0 useless1 & no assi/ance c\ld be anticipat$ f ! f9ancial _w4 ,s !y approa*$ ! ,gov]nm5t1 & _! endeav\rs prov$ s successful t ! c\ntry decid$ to subsidise ! und]tak+4 ,:5 ! ,gov]nm5t's sympa?y _h be5 secur$ 9 a practical mann]1 ! next /ep 0 to discov] an eng9e] :o c\ld sup]9t5d ! survey & conduct con/ructional op]ations4 ,! c\ntry did n possess _m ,/eph5sons1 & ! "w 9 contemplation 0 ( su* an unprec$5t$ "* t no ord9>y eng9e] w\ld prove equal to ! task4 ,happily1 h[ev]1 !re 0 9 ,san ,francisco a railway eng9e]+ g5ius ^: ability 0 be+ wa/$ = lack ( opportunity4 ,?is man 0 ,!odore ,d4 ,judah4 ,he 0 a born eng9e]1 & 8 skill 9 railway eng9e]+ _h a*iev$ a peculi> di/9ction up & d[n ! ,pacific coa/4 ,?is "w 0 8 sole hobby1 & ! great] ! difficulties to be ov]come1 ! m en?usia/ically & det]m9$ly he ?rew himself into ! task4 ,8 ef=ts 9 ?is direction 7 s /r5u\s t he 0 reg>d$ g5]ally z a crank1 & 8 great dreams ( railway conque/ provid$ a cont9ual s\rce ( amusem5t4 ,he 0 always div+ into ! m\nta9s1 reconnoitr+ ! passes ) a view to _! suitability = c>ry+ ! /eel highway1 & op5ly admitt+ t 8 greate/ ambition 9 life 0 to be giv5 ! *ance to lift ! metals ov] ! gaunt ,si]ras fr[n+ ^u ! ,pacific coa/1 & to drop !m on to ! pla9s roll+ ea/w>ds f ! opposite slopes4 ,on "o occasion he resign$ 8 position ^u a new railway l9e t 0 be+ built ar\nd ,san ,francisco1 &1 unaccompani$1 =c$ 8 way ?r\gh ! rocky b>ri]1 mak+ a m5tal note ( ! configuration ( ! c\ntry z he proce$$ 9 case ( some?+ turn+ up1 lab\r$ across ,nevada's dre>y wa/es ( alkali1 skirt$ ,salt ,lake1 & at la/ ga9$ ! ,miss\ri4 ,z a result ( 8 frequ5t p]egr9ations among ! m\nta9s1 8 eye became tra9$ exp]tly 9 spy+ out ! suitability ( ! c\ntry = ! iron road1 & he became kn[n "u ! sobriquet ( 8,! ,railway ,pa?f9d]40 ,x 0 a picturesque nickname1 b x 0 "o :i* describ$ 8 p]sonality to ! full4 ,t 8 w&]+s 7 n 9 va9 is prov$ by ! fact t ne>ly e pass ?r\gh ! m\nta9s :i* he /at$ to be adapt$ to c>ry a railway has be5 press$ into ?is s]vice s9ce1 9 ord] to ga9 ! ,pacific coa/4 ,inde$ ! pione] trans-cont95tal railway owes its bir? to ,judah4 ,= ye>s he _h advocat$ ! project1 & emphasis$ its practicability4 ,:5 ,hunt+ton & 8 colleagues 7 ready to comm5ce op]ations !y s5t = ,judah1 conv9c$ t he 0 ! v man = :om !y 7 se>*+1 to plot ! pa? = ! l9e & to take comm& ( ! =ces 9 ! field4 ,! ,railway ,pa?f9d]1 realis+ t ! ambition ( 8 life 0 )9 rea* at la/1 hurri$ ea/w>ds4 ,!re 0 a %ort consultation :i* suffic$ to prove to ! promot]s t ,judah 0 ! man to c>ry ! ent]prise to success1 & !re & !n he 0 plac$ 9 supreme control ( ! con/ruction4 ,! difficulties among ! m\nta9s 7 :at ! promot]s fe>$ ! mo/1 b ! pa?f9d] reg>d$ !m s lightly t _! appreh5sions vani%$4 ,he _h sp5t s _m mon?s among _! sil5t fa/nesses t he knew ! range ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,8 plans 7 d>+ & feasible1 8 reason+ lucid1 & 8 en?usiasm infecti\s4 ,9 ord] t ! direct+ h& 9 ! field might n be trammell$ or h>ass$ by bus9ess or adm9i/ration details1 a special emiss>y 0 deput$ to att5d to ^! second>y b vital ess5tials1 s t ,judah might be able to conc5trate 8 en]gies & ability entirely to plott+ & pu%+ ! l9e =w>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,massive ,,bridge ,,( ,,! ,,union ,,pacific ,,railway ,,ov] ,,! ,,miss\ri ,,riv] ,,at ,,c\ncil ,,bluffs1 ,,f ,,:i* ,,po9t ,,! ,,fir/ ,,railway ,,across ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,0 ,,comm5c$ ,accord+ to ! arrangem5t ) ! ,gov]nm5t1 ! railway 0 to comm5ce f ! ea/]n bank ( ! ,miss\ri ,riv] at ,c\ncil ,bluffs4 ,! selection ( ! ea/]n bank z ! />t+-po9t involv$ ! erection ( a huge bridge z ! fir/ /ep 9 ! und]tak+4 ,su* an idea appe>s some:at curi\s at fir/ sight1 z "o w\ld h ?\ght1 naturally1 t ! we/]n bank w\ld h be5 select$ z ! obvi\s ea/]n t]m9al4 ,b ! ,gov]nm5t recognis$ "o po9t4 ,! railways 7 spread+ _! t5tacles sl[ly b surely f ! ,atlantic coa/ t[>ds ! ,miss\ri ,riv]4 ,:5 !y ga9$ its banks a break 9 ! ?r\gh rail communication w\ld develop1 z ! ea/]n railways 7 9 _! infancy1 & f> too poor to und]take ! con/ruction ( an exp5sive bridge across ?is wide wat]way to l9k up ) ! l9e /ret*+ to ,san ,francisco4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,timb] ,,tre/le ,,across ,,salt ,,lake1 ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,:i* ,,! ,,union ,,pacific ,,saves #eg ,,miles ,!re are #ab miles ( woodwork1 = :i* #b1hbd1gjj l9eal feet ( timb] 0 requir$4 ,! track is #ai feet above ! wat]4 ,con/ruction 0 comm5c$ f bo? ends ( ! l9e4 ,san ,francisco 0 ! ,pacific t]m9al1 b z ! ,gold5 ,gate 0 connect$ already ) ,sacram5to1 ! capital "s miles inl&1 ! latt] place 0 ! po9t to :i* ! con/ructional =ces 7 dispat*$4 ,! arm driv5 ea/w>ds f ! ,pacific 0 kn[n z ! ,union ,pacific railway1 :ile t =c$ we/w>ds f ,c\ncil ,bluffs 0 designat$ z ! ,c5tral ,pacific4 ,! two arms 7 to meet ab\t half-way across ! cont95t4 ,judah hurri$ to ,cali=nia & 0 soon 9 ! turmoil ( 8 task4 ,! great difficulty on ?is section 0 9 reg>d to ! supply ( ! con/ructional mat]ial4 ,ev]y?+ _h to be s5t r\nd by wat] via ! mo/ s\!rly po9t ( ! cont95t1 & z ?is 0 a voyage occupy+ sev]al weeks1 extreme c>e _h to be obs]v$ to s5d =w>d supplies 9 a /eady1 con/ant /ream1 s t no delays might arise f lack ( mat]ial4 ,b /orms rag$1 :ile ! negotiation ( ,cape ,horn is a difficult feat at ! be/ ( times4 ,! boats 7 caught 9 ! t]rible embrace ( w9d & wave1 &1 ^u em]g+ f ! conflict1 /ruggl$1 batt]$ & torn1 into ! ne>e/ port = repairs4 ,despite ^! heavy drawbacks1 :i* no human =esight c\ld det]m9e or avoid1 practically no de>? ( supplies ev] 0 exp]i5c$ at ! railhead among ! m\nta9s4 ,9 fact1 ,judah prosecut$ 8 task s vigor\sly t be=e _m mon?s _h pass$ ! fir/ railway conque/ ( ! ,si]ras1 consid]$ invuln]able = s long1 0 ann\nc$ f> & wide4 ,h[ 0 x accompli%$8 ,! pa?f9d] foll[$ ! easie/ pa? op5 to him4 ,di/ances betwe5 po9ts might h be5 %ort5$1 b "t 0 money4 ,! build]s _h urg$ ?is emphatically ^u ,judah1 s t opportunity to indulge 9 /up5d\s eng9e]+ feats 0 d5i$ him4 ,yet ! v conditions :i* 7 impos$ enabl$ ! pa?f9d] to display "s ma/]-/rokes ( g5ius unconsci\sly4 ,s long z a natural pa? = ! metals 0 available1 he foll[$ x4 ,if 8 advance 7 disput$ by an ob/acle he ei!r remov$ or ran r\nd x4 ,! hump 0 levell$ & ! depression 0 fill$4 ,! riv]s 7 foll[$ s f> z practicable along _! puzzl+ me&]+s4 ,he lift$ ! track sev]al ?\s& feet t[>ds ! cl\ds to ga9 ! railway summit ( ! range1 & !n dropp$ ov] ! o!r side4 ,9 "o place among ! sn[-clad peaks he _h to hew a n>r[ %elf out ( ! solid rocky mass to w9d r\nd ! huge %\ld] ( a m\nta94 ,! wall ( rock %e]$ up on "o side to a dizzy height2 on ! o!r way x dropp$ = ov] a ?\s& feet into ! riv] surg+ bel[4 ,! ,san ,francisco division teem$ ) complex & highly tr\blesome p]plexities1 b "o & all arose f ! resi/ance ( ,nature4 ,yet !y 7 slight 9 comp>ison ) ^? :i* ! eng9e]s exp]i5c$ z !y pu%$ =w>ds f ! ,miss\ri ,riv]4 ,"h x 0 ! ho/ility ( man :i* h>ass$ !m4 ,! ,indians1 driv5 f ! ea/]n ,/ates by ! m>* ( civilisation1 resi/$ its fur!r approa* into _! doma94 ,fi]ce opposition 0 anticipat$1 b ! results prov$ f> m s]i\s ?an ! mo/ gloomy =ebod+s4 ,at e turn ! savages swept d[n ^u ! little b& toil+ 9 ! solitude ( ! wild]ness1 & ^! organis$ onslaughts became fi]c] & fi]c] z ! base ( op]ations 0 left f>!r & f>!r to ! re>4 ,= e spike t 0 driv51 cl9*+ a rail to its wood5 cu%ion b5ea?1 an arr[ sp$ f an ,indian b[1 to be answ]$ by ! %>p crack ( a rifle f ! railway build+ =ces4 ,hi/ory does n record h[ _m navvies fell victims to ! noiseless weapon ( ! savages1 or h[ _m ,indians ent]$ ! ,happy ,hunt+ ,gr\nd by way ( a bullet4 ,yet ! total ( lives w\ld outnumb] ! spikes driv5 to secure ! metals = ! #a1hjj miles betwe5 ! ,miss\ri ,riv] & ! ,gold5 ,horn4 ,a conclave ) ! ,r$ ,m5 0 urg5t be=e ! eng9e]s /irr$ f ! bank ( ! ,miss\ri4 ,c\ncil ,bluffs is a fam\s spot 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,new ,_w1 because "h ! ,indians 7 wont = c5turies to meet to settle tribal disputes4 ,x 0 "h t ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton & 8 colleagues met ! ,r$ ,m5 to discuss ! t]ms & treaty = ! acquisition ( ! necess>y l& to f\nd ! city ( ,omaha4 ,at t day ! ne>e/ po9t to :i* ! railway _h advanc$ t[>ds ! riv] f ! ea/ 0 ,des ,mo9es4 ,! fir/ locomotive requir$ = con/ructional purposes ^u ! ,c5tral ,pacific1 & :i* weigh$ "s #fj tons1 _h to be haul$ across c\ntry on ! deck ( a trolley by teams ( horses4 ,:5 ! trans-cont95tal railway 0 tak5 9 h&1 h[ev]1 ! ea/]n railways 7 pu%$ =w>d ) great spe$ to rea* ,c\ncil ,bluffs1 9 ord] to c>ry ! ?\s&s ( tons ( supplies ( e description requisite = build+ purposes4 ,! sc>city ( "o commodity 0 felt sev]ely4 ,9 ?is c\ntry "o may travel = miles & n see a s+le tree4 ,?is hit ! railway h>d4 ,e baulk ( timb]1 :e!r x 0 requir$ = a fire1 a %ack1 or a sleep]1 _h to be br\ght ov] enorm\s di/ances4 ,by ! "t a sleep] 0 laid x (t5 co/ z mu* z #b4ej1 or t5 %ill+s6 ,! r\te betwe5 ea/ & we/ is popul>ly kn[n z ! 8,ov]l& ,r\te40 ,h[ x receiv$ ?is "n is a little /ory 9 itself4 ,among ^? :o arriv$ at ,san ,francisco 9 ! glori\s days ( '#dg to make money out ( ! gold-ru% 0 a ,dut*man1 ^: topsy-turvy ,engli% 0 *>act]i/ic ( a =eign] possess+ only an imp]fect acqua9tance ) our tongue4 ,he op5$ a saloon1 :i* became a mo/ popul> resort4 ,:5ev] a /rang] ent]$ ! r5dezv\s1 ,boniface's curiosity 0 ar\s$4 ,! new arrival 0 ask$ inevitably by :i* ( ! ?ree r\tes he _h ga9$ ! ,gold5 ,gate4 8,did y come ! ,horn ar\nd1 ! ,i/hmus across1 or ! l& ov]80 ! ,dut*man inquir$4 8,! l&-ov]0 signify+ ! wagon-trail across ! ,/ates1 s appeal$ to ! fancy ( ! railway-build]s t !y always ref]r$ to ! trans-cont95tal z 8! l&-ov] r\te10 :i* 9 c\rse ( "t became twi/$ into ! m correct designation "u :i* x is kn[n to ?is day4 ,! level "* ( ! c\ntry we/ ( ! ,miss\ri ,riv] l5t itself fav\rably to rapid con/ruction1 z well z easy alignm5t4 ,at "o place x 0 f\nd possible to lay ! track z /raight z an arr[ = #da miles4 ,! grade grew quickly1 & ! rails advanc$ 9 a cont9u\s black-grey l9e across ! prairie ) /rik+ rapidity1 :5 ! ,indians refra9$ f endeav\r+ to arre/ its progress4 ,h[ev]1 ! raids ( ! ,r$ ,m5 became s deva/at+ ev5tually t x appe>$ z if "w mu/ be br\ght to a /&/ill4 ,at ! critical mom5t ano!r man appe>$ on ! sc5e1 & 8 ef=ts contribut$ v mat]ially to ! completion ( ! l9e4 ,?is 0 ,major ,frank ,j4 ,nor?1 "o ( ! mo/ d>+ fronti]sm5 t ^? tr\bl\s times ) ! ,indians produc$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,he 0 ,f5imore ,coop]'s my?ical 8,pa?f9d]0 9 ! fle%1 & he came to be j z greatly fe>$ by ! ,r$ ,m54 ,:5 ! railway eng9e]s fail$ to make headway aga9/ ! ,indians1 he (f]$ 8 s]vices1 :i*1 ne$less to say1 7 accept$ gladly4 ,f t mom5t ! protection ( ! grade became 8 "o object 9 life1 & 8 capture became ! "o absorb+ ambition ( ! ,indians4 ,he _h roam$ ! pla9s = ye>s1 lead+ a r\gh-&-ready fronti] life1 _h become famili>is$ ) ! ,indians1 _! habits1 cu/oms & ways2 c\ld anticipate _! e movem5t & knew h[ to c\nt]act _! subt]fuges4 ,he 0 v]s$ ?or\ghly 9 _! ways ( w>f>e1 0 a born fight]1 & 0 possess$ ( indomitable en]gy & pluck4 ,9 ord] to protect ! railway-build]s he rais$ f\r companies ( fri5dly ,pawnee ,indians4 ,) ^! tru/y sc\ts he w\ld creep out /eal?ily at night f ! con/ructional camp1 make 8 way ) impunity to ! tepees ( ! ,*ey5nes or ,si\x1 & asc]ta9 _! project$ op]ations4 ,sometimes he w\ld surprise an ,indian camp1 & scatt] ! inmates :o 7 on ! w>pa? to ! f\r w9ds4 ,8 m>aud+ exp$itions became s audaci\s t ! natives 7 compell$ to )draw a respectable di/ance f ! grade4 ,he became s univ]sally dete/$ among ! foe t ! m5tion ( ,nor?'s "n 0 suffici5t to provoke ! mo/ dismal h[ls ( execration & vici\s sn>ls ( v5geance4 ,at times he 0 abs5t s _m days f ! railhead camp t ! eng9e]s wond]$ gravely :e!r or n he _h met an untimely end4 ,!n :5 !y 7 on ! po9t ( giv+ up hope ( see+ him aga91 he w\ld trot unconc]n$ly into camp1 ) 8 ,pawnee %ad[s1 z if return+ f a hunt1 b 8 g5]al appe>ance & self-satisfi$ air told ! navvies t he 8_h be5 at ! ,indians aga940 ,he provok$ ! ho/ile ,r$ ,m5 to su* an extreme pit* t !y turn$ out 9 trem5d\s =ce sworn to 8 capture or dea?4 ,f\r times a pit*$ battle 0 f\ght1 ) trem5d\s losses2 f\r times ! ,indians drew (f1 leav+ ,nor? flu%$ ) victory4 ,at la/ ! enemy became s di%e>t5$ t x )drew1 retreat$ = miles f ! l9e1 & !re 0 a sull5 int]val 9 ! conflict4 ,nor?1 h[ev]1 0 n to be lull$ into a false s5se ( security4 ,he div9$ t "s ult]ior move 0 project$4 ,s x prov$4 ,! ,indians1 in/ead ( conc5trat+ _! en]gies ^u ! de/ruction ( ! =ces at ! railhead1 decid$ to attack ! long l9e ( communication at v>i\s po9ts1 to surprise & de/roy ! supply tra9s4 ,a gu]illa w> broke out1 & ?is baffl$ ,nor?1 = he c\ld n br+ !m to a pit*$ battle4 ,! ,indians clung l limpets to ! grade1 & woe betide any /raggl]s :o fell into _! h&s1 = !y 7 cruelly tortur$ & put to dea?4 ,"t aft] "t1 z ! supply tra9 0 puff+ along sl[ly1 ! pla9 on ei!r side sudd5ly w\ld reveal hordes ( f]oci\s savages1 :o _h crept ?r\gh ! tall grass unobs]v$ to )9 a few feet ( ! track4 ,! m5 on ! tra9 secur$ any %elt] possible beh9d ! transport$ goods1 & blaz$ away furi\sly4 ,brisk skirmi%es & opportunities to display m>ksman%ip occurr$ ne>ly e day to relieve ! t$ium ( sw++ hamm]1 pick-axe & %ovel4 ,major ,nor? happ5$ to be attack$ 9 ?is way "o day1 ?\gh ! enemy 7 unaw>e ( 8 pres5ce4 ,b !y 7 s dismay$ at ! spirit$ reception t !y receiv$ t !y broke & fl$1 ) ,nor? 9 pursuit4 ,he *as$ !m = h\rs1 & inflict$ su* losses t ! tribe surr5d]$4 ,a few days lat] a l>ge numb] ( ! vanqui%$ enli/$ "u ! railway-build]'s bann]1 assi/$ 9 ! build+ ( ! grade1 & became law-abid+ citiz5s4 ,!re 0 "o po9t :i* 0 a tempt+ prize to ! ,*ey5nes4 ,?is 0 a depot #cgb miles we/ ( ,omaha4 ,its safety 0 entru/$ to ,nor?'s fri5dly ,indians1 & !y prov$ too wat*ful to enable a raid to be made ) success4 ,! ,*ey5nes 7 det]m9$ to secure its capture1 &1 quietly ga!r+ re9=cem5ts1 "o day made a supreme attempt to ru% x ) a ?\s& m54 ,x 0 a desp]ate battle t ensu$1 b ! def5d]s1 be+ entr5*$1 secur$ ! advantage1 & aft] fight+ desp]ately = sev]al h\rs 7 left 9 possession ( ! hundr$s ( tons ( supplies4 ,^! tactics _h to be pursu$ = "s #ejj miles1 b ! eng9e]s 9 "t became we>i$ at ! daily r\nd ( work+ & fight+4 ,besides1 !y 7 approa*+ ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 :]e ! physical difficulties w\ld be s great z to dem& _! entire conc5tration 9 ord] to lift ! metals ov] an ob/acle #hjjj feet above ! sea4 ,x 0 realis$1 also1 t ! brok5 slopes w\ld give ! ,indians e advantage to prosecute _! gu]rilla w>f>e to di/9ct advantage4 ,! outlook 0 s depress+ t a halt 0 call$4 ,! situation 0 urg$ ^u ! ,gov]nm5t1 &1 z a result1 ,g5]al ,grant decid$ to int]view ! ,indians 9 p]son1 ) a view to placat+ !m4 ,he made a haz>d\s & excit+ j\rney along ! railway to ! he>t ( ! enemy's c\ntry4 ,!re1 ) p[-w[ & peace-pipe1 an hon\rable treaty 0 drawn up2 ! ,indians promis$ to ab&on _! opposition1 & to p]mit ! railway to g =w>d4 ,ano!r difficulty ! build]s _h to battle aga9/ 0 ! sc>city ( lab\r4 ,! ,cali=nian ,gold ,fields 7 too magnetis+ to cause ! m5 to /ay long on ! grade4 ,!y pref]r$ to woo ! fickle goddess ( =tune 9 a scramble = ! yell[ metal1 to a /eady1 daily r\nd ( toil at a regul> wage4 ,z a la/ res\rce ! %eet-an*or ( ! railway-build] _h to be call$ 9--! ,*9aman4 ,! ,ori5tals /uck to ! "w1 & "u _! ef=ts ! l9e progress$ ) great] spe$ ?an _h be5 possible be=e _! adv5t4 ,at "o "t ! rails 7 laid s spe$ily t ! teams c\ld n br+ up supplies fa/ en\gh to meet ! ne$s ( ! grad]s & track-lay]s4 ,! p]man5t way 0 crude4 ,x 0 a pione] l9e 9 v tru?4 ,! e>? 0 ?r[n up r\ghly1 ! sleep]s 7 dump$ on its cr[n1 & ! rails 7 ha/ily spik$ to _! b$4 ,! l9e 0 little bett] ?an :at "o sees ha/ily improvis$ = ! transportation ( spoil on l>ge eng9e]+ works4 ,x wri!d & twi/$ among ob/ructions 9 a fanta/ic mann]1 = ! eng9e]s1 hav+ nei!r funds nor "t at _! disposal1 m]ely ran r\nd or ov] humps1 :i*ev] me?od 0 ! quick]4 ,spe$ & com=t 7 negligible consid]ations4 ,! l9e1 once communication ) ! coa/ 0 e/abli%$1 c\ld be ov]haul$ & /r5g!n$ lat] at leisure4 ,consequ5tly1 travell+ 0 r\gh1 ! oscillation 0 sev]e1 & ! dang] ( d]ailm5t always exi/5t4 ,x 0 ^! conditions t prompt$ a phlegmatic ,engli%man1 :o essay$ ! j\rney %ortly aft] ! l9e 0 op5$1 to rem>k t 8! tra9 travell$ m smoo?ly :5 x 0 (f ! rails60 ,"s idea ( ! spe$ ) :i* "w 0 prosecut$1 ! innum]able drawbacks not)/&+1 may be ga!r$ f ! fact t ! :ole #a1hjj miles ( l9e 7 built & op5$ to traffic )9 six ye>s f ! turn+ ( ! fir/ spadeful ( e>? at ,sacram5to4 ,= ! great] "p ( ?is di/ance ! mon?ly av]age 0 #ej miles--truly a magnific5t feat4 ,9 ord] to ma9ta9 ?is high pressure1 #be1jjj m5 & #ejjj cattle teams 7 requir$1 & ! total co/ ( ! "w 0 #aae1jjj1jjj1 or1 r\ghly1 #bc1jjj1jjj4 ,! dawn ( ! ye> #ahfi saw ! two advanc+ arms rac+ t[>ds ! ,great ,salt ,lake4 ,! ,c5tral ,pacific1 ^u enc\nt]+ ?is inl& sea1 deb\*$ to ! nor? & plung$ into ! brok5 ,promontory ,range4 ,"h1 at an altitude ( #ejjj feet1 ! two arms met1 &1 amid ! wild huzzas ( ov] a ?\s& p1 ! la/ gap 0 clos$1 & gold5 spikes 7 driv5 into a sleep] ( poli%$ laurel by ,lel& ,/an=d & ,?omas ,durant1 ! presid5ts ( ! respective divisions1 to admit ! passage ( a tra91 wait+ close by ) /eam up1 to pass f ! ,c5tral to ! ,union ,pacific ,railway4 ,! precise po9t at :i* ! oppos+ armies met is indicat$ by a bo>d /&+ beside ! track1 ! inscription on :i* runs-- ,,la/ ,,spike1 ,,complet+ ,,fir/ ,,trans-,,cont95tal ,,railroad ,,driv5 ,,at ,,?is ,,po9t1 ,,may #aj1 #ahfi4 ,! occasion 0 "o ( great rejoic+1 especially among ! citiz5s ( ,san ,francisco4 ,! t[n w5t mad ) excitem5t4 ,! fe/ivities comm5c$ two days be=e ! gold5 spike 0 driv51 & 0 cont9u$ = two days aft]w>ds4 ,lit]ature contribut$ its quota to ! commemoration ( ! hi/oric ev5t 9 ! =m ( a poem f ,bret ,h>te4 ,9 cross+ ! prairie /ret*es ! railway con/ructional =ces 7 indebt$ appreciably = _! support to ! buffalo1 :i* roam$ ! pla9s 9 t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,! slaught] ( ?is animal 0 trem5d\s to provide fre% meat = ! camps1 & hides = ! clo?+ ( ! workm5 aga9/ ! bla/s & sev]e cold ( w9t]4 ,_! exi/5ce 0 provid5tial1 especially :5 ! ,indians succe$$ 9 captur+ & de/roy+ ! supply tra9s br++ up provisions4 ,wat] (t5 0 a s]i\s problem4 ,= /ret*es ( ov] a hundr$ miles at a "t n a drop c\ld be obta9$ f ! p>*$ l&1 & specially-built c>s _h to be press$ into s]vice to transport ?is indisp5sable commodity4 ,"s idea ( ! solitude ( ! c\ntry may be ga!r$ f ! fact t dur+ a cont9u\s #fjj miles n a s+le :ite man or home/ead 0 se54 ,be=e ! l9e 0 complet$ a pony express pli$ betwe5 ,sacram5to & ,salt ,lake ,city1 & ! j\rney "u normal conditions occupi$ ?ree & a half days4 ,to-day ! di/ance is cov]$ 9 ab\t "o-?ird ( ! "t4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s ! traffic on ! ,ov]l& ,r\te assum$ su* proportions z to be beyond ! capacity ( ! ill-laid track4 ,! grades 7 too heavy & ! curves too %>p1 :ile rails & bridges 7 too light4 ,ext5sive recon/ruction 0 tak5 9 h&4 ,banks 7 aboli%$1 curves 7 /raight5$1 bridges 7 rebuilt1 ! p]man5t way 0 re-balla/$1 %ort sections 7 cut out "h1 or introduc$ !re1 to r$uce ! mileage--9 %ort1 ! :ole l9e 0 rebuilt practically at an exp5diture ( millions to br+ ! great highway up to ! model ( pres5t-day practice4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ( ^! improvem5t works 0 t kn[n z ! ,luc9 ,cut-(f4 ,?is 0 a d>+ piece ( eng9e]+ =c$ ^u ! railway by rival l9es1 :i*1 possess+ easi] grades & a bett]-alignm5t1 c\ld haul heavi] loads at a spe$ beyond ! capacity ( ! pione] road4 ,?is adv]se factor 0 exp]i5c$ v sev]ely ar\nd ! nor? end ( ,salt ,lake1 :]e ! l9e plunges into ! rugg$ & brok5 ,promontory ,range1 to ov]come :i* su* heavy grades _h to be introduc$ z to r$uce ! spe$ ( tra9s to a crawl ( #ab miles p] h\r4 ,at fir/ x appe>$ impracticable to ease ?is situation1 b ! *ief eng9e] 0 call$ 9 & urg$ to f9d a means ( extricat+ ! company f ! pr$icam5t4 ,aft] sev]al mon?s' survey ar\nd ?is %eet ( wat] he prep>$ plans :i* he submitt$ to 8 directors4 ,!y 7 extremely audaci\s4 ,he sugge/$ ! ab&onm5t ( #cgc miles ( ! old l9e completely1 z x 0 beyond improvem5t4 ,9 its place he propos$ #cbf miles ( new track1 :i* n only %[$ a sav+ ( #eg miles 9 di/ance1 b gave no rul+ grade exce$+ #ba4ab feet p] mile4 ,at "o po9t he 0 baulk$ by ! configuration ( ! c\ntry 9 ! ,pequop range1 :]e a grade ( #gd feet to ! mile 0 f\nd unavoidable4 ,moreov]1 he %[$ a sav+ ( ov] half-a-mile 9 v]tical height1 ! climb on ! we/w>d run be+ cut d[n f #d1eej feet to #a1ece feet1 & on ! ea/w>d j\rney f #d1def feet to #a1ddd feet4 ,! sali5t feature ( ! s*eme1 h[ev]1 *all5g$ p>ticul> att5tion4 ,in/ead ( runn+ ar\nd ,salt ,lake he advocat$ a r\te across x1 giv+ a l9e z direct z ! bird flies f %ore to %ore1 support$ on e>!n embankm5ts :]e su* c\ld be erect$1 & 9 o!r places ^u a timb] viaduct4 ,"s idea ( :at ?is s*eme repres5t$ may be ga!r$ f ! con/ruction ( a bridge f ,dov] to ,calais--a project t has be5 promulgat$--= ! di/ance 0 ab\t ! same4 ,! eng9e] 0 prompt$ 9 8 belief z to ! practicability ( ! sugge/ion f 8 p]sonal inve/igations4 ,popul> fancy _h clo!d ?is /ret* ( salt wat] 9 _m leg5ds1 "o ( :i* 0 t its dep?s 7 unfa?omable4 ,?is fallacy 0 scatt]$ to ! w9ds :5 s\nd+s 7 tak51 = ! wat] 0 f\nd to be comp>atively %all[ at ! po9t x 0 contemplat$ to cross ! lake4 ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton hesitat$ f emb>k+ ^u ! s*eme :5 x 0 fir/ unfold$1 p>tly on acc\nt ( its e/imat$ co/1 b m because ( its unusual "*4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ,e4 ,h4 ,h>riman secur$ ! control ( ! l9e1 he ent]ta9$ no qualms4 ,8 eng9e] said x 0 feasible1 s x mu/ be done to avoid t labori\s haul ov] ! hills to ! nor?4 ,"w comm5c$ =?)1 & 0 pursu$ ) great vig\r4 ,:5 ! bank ( ! lake 0 ga9$1 ! eng9e] pu%$ ! e>!n embankm5t z f> into ! wat] z he c\ld1 s z to r$uce ! ext5t ( ! tre/l+4 ,! di/ance f %ore to %ore 0 #bg miles1 b z he took advantage ( a p59sula :i* juts well into ! wat] f ! nor? bank1 f\r miles ( ! l9e 7 built on dry l&4 ,to comm5ce ! embankm5t f ! wat]'s edge an +5i\s exp$i5t 0 adopt$4 ,heavy planks load$ ) weighty bags ( s& 7 float$ out on ! propos$ location1 & ^u ?is novel p]man5t way ! tempor>y rails = ! balla/ c>s 7 laid1 & ! spoil dump$ into ! lake until ! embankm5t appe>$ above wat]-level4 ,!n ! section ( float+ track 0 pu%$ /ill f>!r ahead1 & ! same cycle ( op]ations repeat$ until ! limit ( ! e>?work 0 ga9$4 ,z ! embankm5t grew 9 height ! light rails 7 replac$ by a heavi] type1 ov] :i* rumbl$ c>s c>ry+ #dj tons ( balla/ apiece1 & :i* 0 pit*$ pell-mell into ! wat] on ei!r side4 ,! embankm5t 0 !n left = a :ile to p]mit settl+ to take place4 ,9 "t x became z solid z a jetty4 ,! tre/le section prov$ ! mo/ try+1 n s mu* on acc\nt ( ! te*nical que/ions involv$1 b ow+ to ! difficulty 9 obta9+ timb]4 ,! wood _h to be br\ght hundr$s ( miles f ! =e/s ( ,texas & ! nor?-we/4 ,ext5sive /ret*es ( trees 7 pur*as$ & saw-mills 7 erect$ to cut ! logs to ! desir$ dim5sions on ! spot4 ,^u arrival at ,salt ,lake ! wood 0 dump$ into ! wat]1 l>ge log booms be+ =m$1 s t ! mat]ial might become season$ ?or\ghly4 ,"w 0 delay$ consid]ably by ! lack ( supplies ( timb]1 f /orms :i* swept ?is inl& sea1 & :i* at times wr\ght consid]able damage4 ,at "o or two places1 al?\gh c>eful s\nd+s 7 tak51 ! lake b$ prov$ fickle4 ,:5 ! pile-driv]s 7 set to "w1 bang+ ! massive uprights into ! solid e>?1 progress w\ld be pa9fully sl[ = a "t1 & !n sudd5ly ! pile w\ld desc5d ) uncanny rapidity4 ,! cause 0 discov]$ readily4 ,! lake b$ is cov]$ ) a ?ick cru/ ( salt & soda deposits1 ! accumulation ( c5turies1 pack$ s h>d z to give ! semblance ( be+ solid rock :5 s\nd$4 ,yet x 0 only a %ell or cru/ cov]+ un/able soil bel[4 ,driv+ ! piles broke up ?is r9d1 & !n a solid f\ndation c\ld n be f\nd4 ,attempts to rem$y ?is /ate ( affairs 7 made by pit*+ rock into ! wat] to provide a solid floor to support ! timb] uprights4 ,?is me?od prov$ s sl[ & exp5sive t ! eng9e] devis$ ano!r solution ( ! difficulty4 ,he ran out a light tre/le & dump$ rubble ov]bo>d ar\nd its f\ndations until ! woodwork 0 buri$ completely1 & a solid e>!n embankm5t 0 produc$ to c>ry ! rails4 ,! actual ext5t ( timb] tre/l+ aggregates #ab miles1 & ?is erection spans ! lake practically at its n>r[e/ c5tral "p4 ,"s ( ! pile-driv]s 7 c>ri$ on float+ pontoons1 :ile o!rs 7 m\nt$ on ! track above1 ! p]man5t way be+ pu%$ =w>d z rapidly z ! timb] "w 0 complet$4 ,ow+ to ! dep? ( ! wat]1 "s ( ! upright memb]s are z mu* z #aaj feet 9 l5g?4 ,!y are dispos$ 9 r[s ( five at "r angles to ! track1 & connect$ by massive longitud9al memb]s1 on :i* is laid ?ree-in* plank+1 sup]impos$ ) a lay] ( balla/4 ,x 0 :ile build+ ! timb] "w t ! greate/ dep? ( wat] 0 rea*$--f #cj to #cd feet4 ,! tre/le 0 erect$ ) /rik+ rapidity1 ! record be+ ! completion ( no less ?an #e1cag feet ( track 9 six work+ days4 ,_h x be5 possible to br+ ! timb] up m quickly1 a great] l5g? ( l9e c\ld h be5 laid 9 ! "t4 ,at rail-level ! viaduct is #af feet 9 wid?1 & ! track is s smoo? & solid t ! 8,ov]l& ,limit$0 c hurtle along at full spe$ )\t produc+ ! slighte/ vibration4 ,by ! "t ! viaduct 0 complet$1 #ch1bef piles _h be5 us$4 ,?is repres5t$ no less ?an #b1hbd1gjj l9eal feet ( timb] :i* _h be5 torn f ! =e/s4 ,if ^! logs _h be5 plac$ end to end !y w\ld h =m$ a cont9u\s l9e = ne>ly #ece miles4 ,s /raight did ! eng9e] plot & build ! ,luc9 ,cut-(f1 t ev5 if he _h compli$ ) ,euclid's def9ition ( a /raight l9e1 x w\ld h be5 necess>y only to h d$uct$ #a1gjh feet f ! #ajb4ia miles ( track :i* he laid4 ,9 addition1 he aboli%$ #c1iai degrees ( curves4 ,to und]/& :at ?is means x is only necess>y to rememb] t ea* degree repres5ts a segm5t ( ! circle4 ,by divid+ ! above total by #cfj1 ! numb] ( degrees to ! circle1 a result ( #aa4hh circles is obta9$4 ,9 o!r words1 on ! old r\te betwe5 ,luc9 & ,ogd51 ! tra9 n only trav]s$ ! di/ance betwe5 ! two po9ts1 b describ$ ne>ly #ab circles z well4 ,= #cf miles ! track is dead level & = ano!r #cj miles ! rise is s slight t "o has to walk half-a-mile to rise 8 own height4 ,by ! "t ! task 0 complet$ a r\nd #a1jjj1jjj1 or #e1jjj1jjj1 _h be5 exp5d$4 ,x appe>s a huge outlay to r$uce work+ exp5ses & to increase rev5ue1 b x af=ds a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! boldness ( guid+ railway spirits 9 ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,longe/ 8,,toy0 ,,railway ,! ,pr9cipality is a l& ( _m surprises to ! visitor1 = x possesses innum]able attractions4 ,yet x is d\btful :e!r any feature ar\ses m int]e/ 9 ,nor? ,wales ?an ! /range little railway :i* runs f ,portmadoc = a di/ance ( #ac miles among ! m\nta9s4 ,c]ta9 x is t no t\ri/ w\ld ?9k ( omitt+ a j\rney ov] :at is kn[n colloquially z ! ,fe/9iog 8,toy0 ,railway1 = x is "o ( ! great sights ( ,nor? ,wales4 ,= sev]al ye>s x held a unique position among ! great sy/ems ( ! _w z ! n>r[e/ gauge l9e 9 op]ation4 ,! metals are laid only #bc in*es ap>t--less ?an half ! di/ance betwe5 ! rails =m+ ! roads ( ! great] proportion ( /eel highways b\nd+ ! globe--& yet x has a traffic :i* _m a m important railway w\ld h j cause to envy4 ,visitors disemb>k+ f ! ,london ,nor?-,we/]n express at ,portmadoc1 & see+ ! dim9utive eng9e & trucks drawn up alongside on _! own road & completely dw>f$ by ! t[]+ roll+-/ock ( ! /&>d-gauge l9e1 _c repress a smile1 = ! eng9es1 c>s1 trucks & wagons are no l>g] ?an are us$ ^u ! l>g]-siz$ model railways devis$ to-day = ! amusem5t & education ( ! "y4 ,yet x is a complete pocket edition ( ! famili> railway1 & its capacity is amaz+4 ,! eng9e provokes int]e/1 = x is no tall] ?an an av]age-siz$ p]son4 ,its c\pl$ :eels are only #bh in*es 9 diamet]1 :ile ! cyl9d]s measure b #h in*es 9 diamet] & h a /roke ( only #ac in*es4 ,! c>s & wagons are on ! same scale1 & ! fir/ impression ( ! dim9utive iron horse awak5s d\bts z to :e!r x is safe to tru/ oneself to its c>e4 ,b see t self-same eng9e busy at "w haul+ a tra9 ( #g pass5g] coa*es1 a gu>d's van1 #aj goods wagons & #ajj or m empty slate trucks1 /ret*+ out = a l5g? ( #a1bjj feet & repres5t+ a total load ( #aaj tons1 out ( ,portmadoc1 b\nd = ! qu>ries1 & disda9 gives way to complete admiration4 ,! locomotive 8,little ,wond]10 despite its age1 = x dates back f #ahfi1 completely ju/ifies its appellation1 = x h&les ! above load on ! /eepe/ grades ) ease1 & atta9s a spe$ ( #cj miles an h\r :]e ! physical conditions are suit$ to fa/ travell+4 ,! "w x has to fulfil is n to be despis$ by any means1 = ! c\ntry ?r\gh :i* ! l9e ext5ds is among/ ! mo/ rugg$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! ?irte5 & a qu>t] miles x has to ov]come a diff]5ce ( #gjj feet 9 altitude1 :i* means a pull aga9/ ! coll> = ! :ole way f ,portmadoc1 ?\gh ! gradi5ts are ( v>y+ sev]ity4 ,yet ev5 ! easie/ climb is #a 9 #ahf1 :ile ! /eepe/ rise is #a 9 #fh4f2 ) a bank ( no less ?an #a 9 #cf on "o ( ! spur l9es4 ,! curves likewise are />tl+ 9 _! %>pness & frequ5cy1 & at times :5 ! eng9e is load$ to its utmo/ capacity ! tra9 may be se5 wri?+ l a gigantic black snake along ?ree curves at ! same "t4 ,! p]man5t way 0 orig9ally laid 9 #ahci1 ! ent]prise hav+ be5 c>ri$ out = ! conveyance ( slate f ! qu>ries to ,portmadoc4 ,on ! d[nw>d j\rney ! lad5 trucks travell$ by gravity1 ! empties be+ haul$ back by horses4 ,9 ! late 'fifties1 h[ev]1 ! *ief eng9e]1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,spoon]1 realis+ ! f>-rea*+ advantages aris+ f ! use ( p[]1 sugge/$ t ! tramway %\ld be conv]t$ into a railway1 & 9 #ahfc 8 sugge/ion 0 adopt$4 ,9 ! e>ly days travell+ 0 excit+1 = ! bridges & tunnels 7 s l[ t ! eng9e-driv]1 /ok] & o!r (ficials on ! l9e _h to duck _! heads :5 !y rea*$ ^! ob/acles1 s9ce to /& upright 9 "o ( ! vehicles 0 c]ta9 to c\rt a viol5t end by collision ) ^! /ructures4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 h be5 alt]$ s t "o ne$ ent]ta9 no m appreh5sion conc]n+ safety on ?is l9e ?an :5 travell+ ^u a /&>d-gauge road4 ,visitors1 realis+ ! fact t by its means !y c\ld be convey$ com=tably to "s ( ! wilde/ & mo/ beautiful corn]s ( ! ,pr9cipality1 s\ght its transportation assi/ance1 & 9 #ahfd pass5g]s 7 fir/ c>ri$ z an exp]im5t1 b free ( *>ge4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,trade did n decl9e to sanction its op]ation 9 ! int]e/s ( ! public1 b possibly some:at dubi\s ( ! wisdom ( _! action1 h$g$ 9 ! privilege ) c]ta9 re/rictions1 ! mo/ important ( :i* 0 limitation ( spe$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x 0 prov$ t !re 0 no dang] 9 travell+ ov] ?is two-foot l9e at #cj miles an h\r ?is latt] ban 0 remov$4 ,! l9e possesses sev]al features ( te*nical int]e/1 & be+ a s+le track1 is op]at$ ^u ! /aff sy/em1 ) e device to secure absolute safety 9 op]ation 9 ! =m ( signall+ & telegraph+ facilities4 ,moreov]1 travell+ is com=table1 = al?\gh ! gauge is less ?an two feet1 ! c>s1 design$ by ! eng9e]1 are built on ! bogie pr9ciple & h seat+ accommodation = fifty pass5g]s4 ,a trip ov] ! l9e c]ta9ly con/itutes an exp]i5ce4 ,! complete success :i* att5d$ ! conv]sion ( ?is railway f equ9e- to /eam-p[] 9 #ahfd /imulat$ ! wid] adoption ( ! n>r[-gauge sy/em1 ?\gh z a rule ?is t]m is some:at ela/ic1 inasmu* z x signifies t su* a railway has a gauge less ?an ! /&>d wid? ( #d feet #h in*es1 & is p>ticul>ly associat$ ) ! #ci in* or #db in* gauge4 ,/ill sev]al 8two-foot0 l9es 7 laid d[n1 especially 9 ,france & ,india1 s t ! ,fe/9iog exp]im5t has prov$ a v pr(itable 8toy0 to m c\ntries ?an "o4 ,9 fact1 n f> di/ant f ! pione] toy railway is ano!r--! ,nor? ,wales ,n>r[ ,gauge railway--:i* connects ,d9as1 ne> ,c>n>von1 ) ,sn[don ,/ation4 ,^! railway sy/ems1 h[ev]1 are ( %ort l5g?1 & :5 "o rememb]s ! brok5 "* ( ! c\ntry :i* !y s]ve1 _! raison d'tre is obvi\s4 ,b ! application ( ! idea to a trunk l9e #cfj miles 9 l5g? appe>s q impracticable4 ,yet x has be5 accompli%$1 & its realisation has op5$ up a corn] ( ,africa :i* =m]ly 0 almo/ impassable1 & :i*1 b = its fulfilm5t1 w\ld h left ! c\ntry trav]s$ 9 ! h&s ( ho/ile natives4 ,?is 8toy0 railway ^u a l>ge scale is ! ,otavi ,l9e1 :i* connects ,tsumeb1 buri$ #cfh miles 9 ! he>t ( ! wild]ness ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa1 ) ! coa/ at ,swapkomund4 ,to-day x ranks z ! longe/ n>r[e/ gauge l9e 9 ! _w1 ! metals1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,fe/9iog railway1 be+ laid only #fjj millimetres1 or approximately two feet ap>t4 ,9 ! late 'eighties prospect+ p>ties :o _h he>d ( ! m9]al weal? ly+ dormant 9 ?is inhospitable & inaccessible c\ntry1 set out to asc]ta9 :e!r rum\r c\ld be v]ifi$ to a suffici5t ext5t to ensure ! ri*es ( ! rocks be+ exploit$ comm]cially4 ,!y suff]$ great privations & h>d%ips 9 _! toil across ! wat]less veldt1 b :5 !y ga9$ ! ,otavi c\ntry !y f\nd t _! j\rney 0 m ?an repaid by enorm\s discov]ies ( copp]4 ,!y collect$ detail$ in=mation conc]n+ ! ext5t ( ^! deposits1 & :5 !y return$ to ,europe x 0 decid$ to develop ! new 8,copp]ado0 )\t fur!r delay4 ,h[ev]1 !re 0 "o critical po9t4 ,h[ c\ld ! m9]al1 aft] be+ m9$1 be transport$ to ! coa/ = %ipm5t4 ,! int]v5+ c\ntry 0 among ! mo/ /]ile to be f\nd 9 ! cont95t s\? ( ! ,sah>a4 ,! m9+ companies conc]n$ at once sugge/$ a railway z ! only solution ( ! problem4 ,b !y realis$ v readily1 f ! reports ( _! emiss>ies :o _h v5tur$ to ,otavi1 t su* an und]tak+ 0 beset ) difficulties innum]able1 :ile ! con/ruction ( a l9e ^u ! /&>d gauge w\ld prove ru9\sly exp5sive4 ,9 ord] to secure extrication f _! plight ! companies approa*$ ! firm ( ,ar?ur ,koppel ( ,b]l94 ,! latt] company dispat*$ a corps ( its own surveyors to ! c\ntry to spy out ! des]t betwe5 ! coa/ & ! m9es1 9 ord] to f9d ! be/ location & to report g5]ally ^u ! eng9e]+ features ( ! s*eme4 ,:5 ! surveyors return$ to civilisation !y unhesitat+ly recomm5d$ a light n>r[-gauge railway1 su* z !y _h built 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! _w :]e simil> conditions prevail$4 ,!y advocat$ ! #fjj millimetre or two-foot gauge because x n only w\ld meet all traffic requirem5ts = _m ye>s to come1 b its initial co/ w\ld be s mu* *eap]1 & x c\ld be built s mu* m quickly ?an a wid] or /&>d gauge4 ,! recomm5dation 0 debat$ at great l5g?1 & aft] discuss+ ! relative e/imat$ capital & op]at+ co/s ( l9es ( diff]5t gauges1 ! ov]:elm+ advantages pres5t$ by ! 8toy-l9e0 gauge 7 f\nd to outweigh any argum5ts t c\ld be rais$ aga9/ x4 ,! m9+ companies m]ely dem&$ ! l9e z a l9k betwe5 ! copp] c\ntry & ! coa/ = _! own purposes4 ,! c\ntry ly+ betwe5 ! coa/ & ! m9es held out no attractions = any economic developm5t1 s t all ! requisitions likely to be made by ! m9+ companies c\ld be met adequately by su* a railway4 ,consequ5tly ! recomm5dation ( ! eng9e]s 0 accept$1 & !y 7 entru/$ ) ! completion ( ! und]tak+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,,! ,,otavi ,,l9e ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,g]man ,,s\?-,,we/ ,,african ,,bu% ,h]]os1 ,ovambos & ,italians work+ side by side4 ,:5 ! m9+ companies express$ _! decision !y did n anticipate ! extraord9>y traffic :i* ! railway w\ld be call$ ^u to fulfil a little lat]4 ,^! 7 duties :i* n only tax$ ! capacity ( ! dim9utive railway to a supreme degree1 b 7 ( a "* :i* ju/ifi$ ! confid5ce ( ! eng9e]s & practically sav$ ! colony to ! ,g]man ,empire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,passage ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,tra91 ,,gaily ,,decorat$ ,,= ,,! ,,occasion1 ,,ov] ,,! 8,,toy-,,l0 ,,otavi ,,railway ,?is reproduction ( ! ,fe/9iog toy railway 0 comm5c$ )\t loss ( "t4 ,9 #aijc con/ructional eng9e]s ) a boat-load ( con/ructional mat]ial 7 dispat*$ to ,s\? ,africa1 & ! grade 0 comm5c$ f ,swakopmund1 at a po9t #dj feet above ! sea-level1 ! location ext5d+ 9 a nor?-ea/]ly direction to ,otavi1 #cjj miles di/ant 9 ! int]ior4 ,! fir/ sod 0 turn$ 9 ,octob]1 & ! con/ructional eng9e]s b5t to _! task ) great ze/4 ,b sc>cely _h !y got into _! /ride :5 ! ,h]]os rebellion broke out4 ,?is 0 an unexpect$ developm5t1 & z ! natives _h be5 recruit$ 9 l>ge numb]s to build ! p]man5t way1 ! eng9e]s 7 fac$ ) a grave situation4 ,at ! fir/ signs ( ! insurrection ! great] majority ( ! natives ?rew d[n _! tools & /amp$$ f ! l9e to _! t[ns & villages to take up arms4 ,! ,gov]nor ( ! colony /rove to arre/ ?is :olesale des]tion by rec\rse to dra/ic measures--he seiz$ z _m m5 work+ on ! grade z he c\ld & plac$ !m safely "u lock & key4 ,! result 0 t ! little b& ( :ite eng9e]s 0 left ) sc>cely a navvy to assi/ !m4 ,h[ev]1 !y /ruggl$ on z be/ !y c\ld1 b progress 0 pa9fully sl[4 ,at fir/ ! insurrection 0 belittl$--reg>d$ z a fla% 9 ! pan--& ! eng9e]s anticipat$ confid5tly ! e>ly return ( _! workm54 ,b ^! illusions 7 dispell$ rudely :5 x became realis$ at la/ t ! c\ntry 0 up 9 arms f end to end4 ,!re 0 only "o way out ( ! desp]ate situation1 & t 0 to import lab\r f ,europe4 ,su* a /ep upset ! prelim9>y e/imates = ! und]tak+ to a pron\nc$ degree1 = ! native lab\r _h be5 tak5 into ! calculation :5 fram+ ! co/ ( ! "w4 ,to br+ :ite lab\r f ,europe increas$ ! capital outlay v appreciably4 ,h[ev]1 !re 0 no alt]native1 & accord+ly an ,italian contractor arriv$ on ! sc5e ) a small army ( #cjj ,italians1 & "w resum$ its =m] busy aspect4 ,h[ev]1 peace did n reign = long4 ,! ,italian workm5 saw t !y held ! advantage ov] ! eng9e]s1 t !re 0 no competitive lab\r1 & accord+ly !y /ruck = high] pay4 ,! eng9e]s1 caught on ! horns ( a dilemma1 _h to surr5d]1 & ! ,italians pick$ up _! tools4 ,!n ano!r cause ( dissatisfaction manife/$ itself4 ,! workm5 conclud$ t !y 7 be+ driv5 too h>d1 s !y decl9$ to p]=m a full day's lab\r4 ,!y held ! :ip-h& & emphasis$ its pot5cy s frequ5tly1 & ! friction betwe5 employ]s & employ$ became s ke51 t x appe>$ m ?an once z if ! contract w\ld h to be susp5d$ until ! rebellion 0 quell$4 ,:ile ^! disputes & cont9ual bick]+s 7 at _! height fur!r complication 0 provok$4 ,! ,g]man milit>y au?orities1 f9d+ ! subjugation ( ! ,h]]os a f> heavi] task ?an !y _h anticipat$1 wi%$ to p5etrate into ! he>t ( ! c\ntry s z to /rike a supreme bl[ ^u ! enemy's /ronghold4 ,!y _h _! own l9e ext5d+ f ,swakopmund to ,w9dhuk1 b ow+ to its heavy grades & light con/ruction x _h brok5 d[n completely "u ! /ra9 ( ! heavy milit>y traffic4 ,! au?orities /rove to alleviate ?is situation by utilis+ bullock-c>ts to transport troops & commiss>iat up-c\ntry1 b ?is alt]native fail$ lam5tably4 ,?is s]vice 0 s sl[1 & ! abs5ce ( wat] by ! wayside 0 felt to a s]i\s degree4 ,9 _! extremity ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t appeal$ to ! eng9e]s ( ! ,otavi l9e4 ,!y bes\ght !m to sp>e no ef=t to drive ! railway =w>d spe$ily1 fir/ to ,ouguati1 #aji miles f ! coa/1 & !n to ,om>uru1 #ade miles beyond ! =m] po9t4 ,z an inducem5t ! build]s 7 (f]$ a heavy premium4 ,! eng9e]s agre$ to meet (ficial dem&s1 & to exp$ite ! con/ructional "w a fur!r army ( #gej ,italians & #ejj ,ovambo coolies 0 s5t to re9=ce ! =ces on ! grade4 ,to tempt ! ,italian workm5 to /rive _! utmo/ !y (f]$ a fix$ m9imum wage z an inc5tive4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 n long be=e tr\ble arose once m4 ,! new arrivals frat]nis$ ) _! compatriots already on ! sc5e1 & le>n$ h[ ! eng9e]s _h be5 =c$ to pay high] & high] wages by rec\rse to /rikes4 ,! ,italians came to ! conclusion t conc]t$ action w\ld be highly successful because sev]al weeks w\ld elapse be=e _! places c\ld be tak5 by o!r import$ lab\r1 :ile !y reg>d$ ! ,ovambo coolies1 :o prov$ indu/ri\s workm51 ) supreme contempt4 ,e conceivable ob/acle 0 ?r[n 9 ! way ( ! eng9e]s4 ,"w 0 /opp$ ^u ! slighte/ provocation1 & app>5t grievances 7 air$ ) monoton\s frequ5cy4 ,:5 at la/ !y 7 placat$ & ! workm5 did settle d[n to _! tasks !y proce$$ 9 a lackadaisical mann]1 & ! day's "w 0 only a qu>t] ( :at might h be5 accompli%$4 ,"u ord9>y circum/ances ea* ,italian c\ld h cop$ ) #aj cubic y>ds ( e>?work p] day1 b !y h&l$ only ab\t #b cubic y>ds6 ,?is r5d]$ !m di/9ctly inf]ior to ! ,ovambos1 :o1 ?\gh n comp>able ) ! ,europeans f ! physical po9t ( view1 plodd$ along /eadily1 & h&l$ on ! av]age f #c to #d cubic y>ds p] day4 ,! ,italians _h no compla9t conc]n+ _! scale ( paym5t1 = !y receiv$ f #es4 to #ajs4--#a4be to #b4jj--p] day1 :ile ! coolies1 :o did twice ! "w1 receiv$ b #bs4 #f;d4 or #fj c5ts a day1 toge!r ) food & h\s+ accommodation4 ,"o day matt]s rea*$ a climax4 ,! :ite workm5 /ruck 9 a body1 & decl9$ to move a h& unless !y receiv$ ano!r increase 9 wages4 ,! eng9e]s1 :o _h be5 groan+ "u ! extortionate dem&s ( ! blackmail+ ,italians = sev]al weeks pa/1 n[ took a firm /&4 ,!y decl9$ po9t-blank to ent]ta9 ! proposal4 ,moreov]1 !y comm5c$ to take ! law into _! own h&s & to adopt /]n measures4 ,sev]al ( ! lead+ recalcitrants 7 /raightway dismiss$ = brea* ( contract4 ,?is situation la/$ = eight weeks1 & at times ! outlook became extremely ?reat5+1 = ! ,italians *af$ "u ! unexpect$ opposition !y _h enc\nt]$4 ,sudd5ly ! dispute collaps$ & ! ,italians sull5ly return$ to _! "w4 ,c\pl$ ) ?is di/ress+ condition ( affairs at ! railhead1 ! eng9e]s exp]i5c$ grave difficulties at ,swakopmund4 ,!y c\ld n get ! con/ructional & o!r mat]ial unload$ f _! %ips4 ,?is h>b\r is notori\sly a bad "o1 & be+ conge/$ ) milit>y traffic1 me?od & ord] _h giv5 way to complete *aos4 ,weeks elaps$ be=e an incom+ %ip c\ld dis*>ge its c>go = ! railway1 & !n ! eng9e]s only secur$ _! requirem5ts by build+ a special mole because ! an*orage 0 silt+ up ) s&4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aije matt]s took a m hopeful turn4 ,! sull5 ,italians 7 spurr$ on by ! grant+ ( premiums1 & "u ?is inducem5t m rapid progress 0 effect$4 ,! :ite workm5 7 =c$ to _! tasks by ! appe>ance ( sev]e competition4 ,_m ( ! ,h]]os grew tir$ ( fight+ & surr5d]$ to ! au?orities4 ,:5 ask$ if !y w\ld be cont5t to "w ^u ! railway !y accept$ ! (f] ) alacrity1 & ! ,italians saw t !y 7 9 s]i\s dang] ( be+ displac$ entirely4 ,! fair treatm5t t 0 met$ out to ! natives :o _h surr5d]$ became nois$ f> & wide ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 ) ! result t l>ge numb]s ( ,h]]os1 :o _h grasp$ ! hopelessness ( _! opposition1 made _! way to ! railhead & ?rew d[n _! arms & (f]$ to take up ! pick & %ovel4 ,x 0 a curi\s sight1 = "h 7 l>ge numb]s ( ! natives1 aga9/ :om w> 0 be+ wag$1 volunt>ily assi/+ 9 ! advance ( ! v =ce t 0 be+ driv5 =w>d to br+ ab\t ! complete subjugation ( _! race4 ,curi\s to relate1 moreov]1 ! eng9e]s f\nd t _! =m] implacable foes1 :5 prop]ly treat$1 develop$ into spl5did consci5ti\s workm51 & f> easi] to control ?an ! mu*-vaunt$ :ite lab\r4 ,aft] leav+ ! coa/ ! railway makes practically a cont9u\s & /eady climb to a maximum height ( "s #e1bah feet 9 ! c\rse ( its #cfj miles4 ,not)/&+ ?is extreme diff]5ce 9 altitude1 x 0 f\nd possible to keep ! banks easy1 ! %>pe/ gradi5t be+ #a 9 #ej4 ,! c\ntry trav]s$ is mo/ inhospitable1 ! fir/ #ade miles be+ ?r\gh a wild des]t1 & wide /ret*es ( scrub-cov]$ c\ntry brok5 ) kopjes4 ,ext5sive bridg+ 0 f\nd necess>y to c>ry ! track across gullies & rivulets1 !re be+ 9 all #aaj ( ^! /ructures4 ,!y are built ?r\gh\t ( /eel1 ! deckplate gird] type be+ ! mo/ g5]ally fav\r$1 & ! mo/ important "w ( ?is class has a l5g? ( #ccc feet1 built up 9 five spans4 ,! curves 7 kept z easy z possible1 ! /&>d radius be+ ab\t #ejj feet4 ,"h & !re1 h[ev]1 ow+ to ! cramp$ conditions ( ! r\te op5 to ! track1 x 0 f\nd requisite to r$uce ! radius to "s #bgj feet 9 ord] to avoid heavy & exp5sive cutt+ ?r\gh rocks & hills4 ,"s idea ( ! ext5t to :i* ! eng9e]s 7 delay$ by _! repeat$ diff]5ces ) ! ,italian workm5 may be ga!r$ f ! fact t al?\gh #bc mon?s 7 occupi$ 9 c>ry+ ! rails f ,swakopmund to ,om>uru1 a matt] ( #ade miles1 ! second section1 f ! latt] po9t to ,tsumeb1 ! pres5t t]m9us1 a matt] ( #bae miles1 requir$ b ano!r ye>4 ,:5 ! railway 0 ru%$ onw>ds f ,om>uru1 al?\gh ! c\ntry to be cross$ 0 some:at easi] f ! physical po9t ( view1 & l5t itself to m rapid con/ruction1 accel]ation 0 attributable 9 ! ma9 to ! ample supply ( lab\r available & abs5ce ( tr\ble ) ! workm5 engag$4 ,ano!r grave difficulty aga9/ :i* ! build]s _h to /ruggle 0 wat]4 ,9 fact1 x might be said t ! sc>city ( ?is commodity 0 m p]plex+ ?an ^? gov]n+ ! lab\r1 /rikes not)/&+4 ,x 0 n m]ely secur+ suffici5t supplies = ! workm5's ne$s1 b also = con/ructional purposes1 su* z = ! locomotive boil]s1 mix+ ( concrete = masonry1 & s =?4 ,on ! fir/ section e p9t ( dr9k+ wat] _h to be br\ght up f ! base on ! coa/ to ! railhead1 & z ?is advanc$ ! difficulties conc]n$ ) its transportation increas$4 ,9 "s in/ances bullock-c>ts 7 ! only vehicles t c\ld be press$ into s]vice = its conveyance ov] #cj or #dj miles4 ,?r\gh\t ! fir/ #he miles f ,swakopmund to ,usakos n a drop c\ld be drawn f ! e>?4 ,innum]able bor+s 9 se>* ( ! liquid 7 made alongside ! l9e z x progress$1 b !y 7 rew>d$ ) no mat]ial success4 ,occasionally small quantities 7 f\nd1 b x 0 too bracki% & q unfit = dr9k+ purposes4 ,:5 ,usakos 0 ga9$ ! situation 0 eas$ some:at by a local discov]y1 b ! wat] _h to be s(t5$ be=e x c\ld be us$ by ! eng9es1 & accord+ly a plant = treat+ ! wat] 9 ?is mann] _h to be br\ght up c\ntry & erect$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 useless = dome/ic purposes1 & :5 ! l9e 0 pu%$ on f ,om>uru1 special wat] tra9s _h to be run = ! conv5i5ce ( ! workm54 ,huge tanks 7 lad5 on ! c>s & 7 c>ri$ f ! coa/ to ! railhead1 ! j\rney occupy+ sev]al h\rs4 ,! tr\ble & exp5se involv$ 9 connection ) ?is vital requisite influ5c$ ! co/ & "t occupi$ 9 build+ ! l9e v unfav\rably1 s mu* s inde$1 t ! prelim9>y e/imates ( ! co/ 7 exce$$ v m>k$ly4 ,?is "q has n be5 solv$ satisfactorily yet1 & x w rema9 to puzzle ! adm9i/ration ( ! l9e until "s conv5i5tly-situat$ subt]ranean wat] supply is tapp$ on ! b>r5 veldt4 ,! load ( e tra9 has to be increas$ by a special tank-t5d] c\pl$ beh9d ! eng9e conta9+ #b1bjj gallons ( wat]1 :i* repres5ts s mu* unremun]ative load4 ,! roll+-/ock is q 9 keep+ ) ?is dim9utive railway4 ,! t9y eng9es h driv+-:eels #bd in*es 9 diamet]1 :ile ! cyl9d]s h a diamet] ( #ab in*es & a /roke ( #ag in*es4 ,yet !y c haul a load ( #ajj tons at a spe$ ( #be miles an h\r on ! level & at #i miles an h\r on ! /eepe/ banks ( #a 9 #ej4 ,?is appe>s to be a m]e crawl 9 comp>ison ) ! spe$s ) :i* we are famili> on ! /&>d railways4 ,b :5 "o recalls ! mann] 9 :i* ?is little 8toy0 l9e has *ang$ conditions ( travel 9 a lonely corn] ( ! ,african cont95t1 & ! =m] rate ( progress possible by bullock-c>t1 ev5 #i miles an h\r appe>s to be an amaz+ spe$4 ,be=e ! iron horse appe>$ 9 ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa1 to travel f ,swakopmund to ,om>uru1 a m]e #ade miles1 0 a h]oic a*ievem5t1 entail+ a labori\s sl[ tramp ?r\gh lonely /]ile wa/es ( b\ld]s & scrub4 ,a pace ( #g or #aj miles a day 0 consid]$ fa/ travell+1 & "o :o cov]$ ! j\rney 9 a =tnight 0 consid]$ to h driv5 h>d4 ,to-day ! same di/ance c be reel$ (f 9 ab\t #ab h\rs4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,wond]s ,,( ,,! ,,tyrol ,probably !re is no c\ntry 9 ,europe :]e9 are compress$ s _m & su* v>i$ m>vels ( eng9e]+ execut$ 9 connection ) ! build+ ( ! iron road z 9 ,au/ria4 ,z is well kn[n1 ! c\ntry is a sea ( t[]+ rugg$ m\nta9s1 ) /eep slopes1 knott$ by crags & sc>r$ by deep gullies1 int]sect$ by broad sylvan valleys4 ,su* topographical conditions impose a sev]e tax ^u ! skill & res\rces ( ! eng9e]4 ,consequ5tly ?is t]ritory has be5 ! sc5e ( _m grim grapples ) ,nature--"s 9 :i* ! odds h be5 ov]:elm+ly aga9/ ! eng9e]s1 & 9 :i* success has be5 a*iev$ only by dogg$ p]sev]ance4 ,conspicu\s 9 ?is direction are ! wond]ful tunnels4 ,x 0 ! successful pi]c+ ( ! ,mont ,c5is & ,/4 ,got?>d tunnels t fir/ spurr$ ! ,au/rian eng9e]s to "w ( ?is "*4 ,_! fir/ attempt1 ! bor+ ( ! ,arlb]g1 0 su* a conspicu\s success t !y did n hesitate aft]w>ds to h rec\rse to su* me?ods :5 all o!r means appe>$ impracticable4 ,to-day ! c\ntry c po9t to f\r huge ,alp9e tunnels :i* /& among ! =emo/ a*ievem5ts ( _! class 9 ! _w4 ,su* ways & means = =c+ ! iron road f "o po9t to ano!r are highly exp5sive1 b 9 ea* in/ance ! ends h ju/ifi$ ! means4 ,by _! provision1 po9ts only a few miles ap>t z ! cr[ flies1 & :i* ) surface railways c\ld h be5 connect$ only by we>y+1 devi\s r\tes1 h be5 br\ght into close communication4 ,:5 ! ,arlb]g *a9 0 tak5 9 h&1 ! prelim9>y surveys %[$ t x w\ld approximate sev5 miles 9 l5g?1 & t ab\t ! c5tre ( ! tunnel a solid mass ( rock1 #a1fjj feet 9 ?ickness1 w\ld ext5d f ! ro( & track to ! /orm-swept m\nta9 pass ov]head4 ,at ?is "t ! two previ\s projects ( ?is "* _h prov$ s co/ly1 _h occupi$ su* a long "t1 & _h entail$ ! grappl+ ) te*nical difficulties su* z nev] _h be5 enc\nt]$ be=e1 t ! idea ( tunnell+ ! ,arlb]g 0 ent]ta9$ ) mix$ feel+s4 ,b ,julius ,lott1 ! eng9e]-9-*ief1 0 n to be dissuad$ f 8 ent]prise4 ,he ma9ta9$ t x c\ld be accompli%$ f> m quickly & *eaply ?an _h be5 ! ,c5is or ,got?>d works4 ,true1 x 0 n to be q s long z ei!r ( ! latt] und]tak+s1 b simil> difficulties1 if n o!rs m p]plex+1 might lurk buri$ !re 9 ! he>t ( ! cre/4 ,! eng9e] 0 urg$ 9 8 decision by ! p]fection ( a new bor+ implem5t :i* _h be5 evolv$ dur+ ! f9al /ages ( ! ,got?>d tunnel4 ,al?\gh ! circum/ances !re did n enable ! new inv5tion to demon/rate its possibilities to ! full1 yet :at _h be5 done suffic$ to %[ t ! new tool 0 de/9$ to revolutionise ! me?ods adopt$ 9 su* huge bor+ op]ations4 ,?is 0 ! ,br&t rock-drill1 a wond]ful appliance :i* 9 "o /roke displac$ incalculable manual lab\r4 ,! tool is op]at$ by wat] pressure1 & ! drill pl\ghs its way into ! rock "u a rot>y movem5t 9 mu* ! same mann] z an aug] =ces its way ?r\gh a piece ( wood4 ,! wat] pressure br\ght to be> ^u ! drill is trem5d\s1 rang+ f #a1djj to #a1fhj p\nds p] squ>e in*1 & ev5 ! h>de/ rock sc>cely c resi/ its attack4 ,b1 z may be suppos$1 at times ! h>d texture ( ! rock play$ sad havoc ) ! cutt+ edge ( ! drill4 ,occasionally ?ree or f\r drills 7 put out ( s]vice ) e y>d ( advance1 & ev5 !n progress 0 pa9fully sl[4 ,:51 h[ev]1 s(t rock 0 enc\nt]$ ! tool cleav$ its way ?r\gh v rapidly1 ! cutt] bit+ half-an-in* or m into ! mat]ial ) e revolution4 ,!n x 0 f\nd possible to spe$ up ! rotations to z _m z sev5 or eight p] m9ute1 ) proportionate increase ( life = ! cutt+ edge4 ,precisely :at ?is ,br&t drill signifi$ to ! eng9e]s 9 connection ) ?is tunnel may be ga!r$ f ! fact t f ! "t drill+ comm5c$1 9 #ahhj1 only f\r ye>s elaps$ be=e communication 0 e/abli%$ betwe5 ,blud5 on ! "o & ,innsbruck on ! o!r side ( ! range4 ,9 ?is %ort p]iod a passage #bf feet high by #bc feet wide 0 cut ?r\gh solid rock = a di/ance ( #f miles at a total co/ ( #a1ejj1jjj1 or #g1ejj1jjj4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! two previ\s ent]prises ( ! same "* ?is 0 a magnific5t a*ievem5t4 ,! ,c5is tunnel1 #g miles 9 l5g?1 occupi$ "s #ac ye>s to complete1 :ile "s #h ye>s 7 requir$ to drive #i miles ?r\gh ! ,/4 ,got?>d4 ,?is 0 an a*ievem5t ( :i* ^? engag$ 9 ! task 7 ju/ly pr\d4 ,inde$1 ! ,au/rians hold a unique position 9 ! rapidity ) :i* !y c drive ^! gigantic und]tak+s ?r\gh ! mo/ =midable m\nta9 *a9s4 ,! section ( railway ^u :i* ?is tunnel is situat$ sorely tri$ ! +5uity ( ! eng9e]s up to ! ,paznaun valley4 ,! l9e cl+s to ! m\nta9-side1 :i* is brok5 up by precipit\s crags1 & ^! ei!r _h to be pi]c$ or bla/$ "r away to provide a pa? = ! railway4 ,gu%+ torr5ts p\r madly d[n ^! slopes1 & _h to be spann$ by noble & l(ty viaducts or bridges4 ,at "s places ! boil+ wat]s are deflect$ f _! b$ into an artificial *annel built ( concrete2 at o!rs !re are massive reta9+ walls to prev5t ! wat]ways f break+ b\nds & sweep+ ! embankm5t away4 ,"o wide gorge is bridg$ by a s+le iron span #cic feet #h in*es 9 l5g?4 ,?is is ! ,trisanna viaduct1 bel[ :i* ! glacial brook tumbles ov] ! b\ld]s at a dep? ( "s #bfb feet4 ,elaborate precautions also _h to be adopt$ to protect ! l9e f ! ravages ( avalan*es & l&slides4 ,ye>s be=e ! ,arlb]g l9e 0 contemplat$1 h[ev]1 "s di/9ctly notewor?y a*ievem5ts 9 eng9e]+ _h be5 plac$ on record by ! e/abli%m5t ( railway communication betwe5 ,vi5na & ,trie/e on ! ,adriatic ,sea4 ,c]ta9ly ! l9e did n foll[ ! %orte/ r\te betwe5 ^! two po9ts1 b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t x 0 und]tak5 9 ! e>ly '=ties1 :5 ,great ,brita91 8! home ( ! railway10 only possess$ "s #hdj miles ( l9e1 & railway eng9e]+ 0 q 9 its infancy4 ,x is little wond]1 !re=e1 t ! eng9e]s ( ! project 9 ?is wild corn] ( ,europe foll[$ a circuit\s pa?1 to avoid fe>some ob/acles z f> z practicable4 ,!y resort$ to %>p curves & heavy banks1 & ! l9e d\bl$ & r$\bl$ 9 ! mo/ amaz+ mann]4 ,bridges & tunnels 7 introduc$ v freely1 "s ( ! viaducts spann+ deep clefts on ! m\nta9 flanks be+ v l(ty4 ,by ! mo/ direct r\te ( ?is sy/em ! j\rney f ! ,au/rian capital to ,trie/e occupies n9e h\rs4 ,9 t j\rney1 comp>atively no long] ?an t entail$ 9 spe$+ ov] ! great] di/ance sep>at+ ,london f ,ed9burgh1 "o passes ?r\gh f\r di/9ct expanses ( sc5]y4 ,vi5na ne/les 9 a broad valley flank$ on all sides by ! t[]+ sn[-topp$ ,alps4 ,! l9e1 ^u leav+ ! capital1 fir/ trav]ses ! undulat+ foot-hills1 !n w5ds its way ?r\gh ! m\nta9s to ga9 ! ri*ly wood$1 v]dant & beautiful c\ntry ( ,/yria1 & f9ally passes ov] a va/ /ret* ( wild]ness to desc5d abruptly to ! coa/4 ,9 =g+ ?is l9k 9 ! railway *a9 ! eng9e]s _h to ov]come ! ,semm]+ range1 :i* is among/ ! mo/ tumbl$ 9 ! :ole ( ! ,au/rian ,alps4 ,h[ did !y d x8 ,by foll[+ ! natural facilities op5 to !m3 a l$ge "h1 a gall]y !re2 pass+ f ?is slope to t by a viaduct or bridge2 zigzagg+ up ! m\nta9 slopes2 tunnell+ ?r\gh rocky em95ces2 foll[+ w9d+ pa?s = miles m]ely to ga9 po9ts only a mile or two ap>t 9 a /raight l9e4 ,no d\bt if t l9e 7 built to-day x w\ld h its l5g? cut 9 half1 = railway eng9e]+ has advanc$ by leaps & b\nds s9ce #ahdh1 :5 ?is pione] project 0 tak5 9 h&4 ,9 c>ry+ _! s*eme to fulfilm5t ^! e>ly eng9e]s unconsci\sly a*iev$ "o notable di/9ction3 !y built ! fir/ m\nta9 railway4 ,:at matt] if banks did assume a rise ( #acb feet or s p] mile1 & ! l9e did w&] 9 app>5t aimlessness among ! peaks8 ,spe$ !n 0 n ! vital consid]ation x is to-day1 :ile traffic 0 comp>atively light1 s t ! haulage facilities 7 n tax$ sev]ely4 ,?is m\nta9 climb on ! ma9 l9e occurs betwe5 ,gloggnitz & ,murzzus*lag1 ! fam\s w9t] sport+ c5tre 9 ! ,tyrol4 ,! m\nta9 cre/ is #d1egg feet above ! sea-level1 b ! railway does n rise to t height2 its summit is at #b1idj feet 9 ! middle ( a tunnel ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile 9 l5g? b5ea? ! ,semm]+ ,pass4 ,b to ga9 t altitude f ei!r side ( ! m\nta9 entail$ prodigi\s "w4 ,pick1 %ovel1 & gunp[d] made heavy cutt+s ?r\gh project+ spurs1 rais$ l(ty embankm5ts1 fill$ gap+ fissures1 & cleav$ gall]ies out ( ! solid rock4 ,! two po9ts on ei!r side ( ! m\nta9 are only f\rte5 miles ap>t 9 a /raight l9e2 by ! railway x is m ?an twice ! di/ance1 ! out/&+ features :i* 7 necess>y to r5d] ! und]tak+ un fait accompli be+ fifte5 tunnels1 & a score ( viaducts & bridges4 ,to con/ruct ! ?irty miles ov] ! ,semm]+ co/ a r\nd #b1jjj1jjj1 or #aj1jjj1jjj1 9 money1 & occupi$ betwe5 ?ree & f\r ye>s to complete4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,workm5 ,,cutt+ ,,& ,,bla/+ ,a ,,n>r[ ,,pa? ,,on ,,! ,,/eep ,,m\nta9 ,,slopes ,,= ,,! ,,k>awank5 ,,railway ,) ! m>* ( "t1 h[ev]1 ! traffic ov] ?is railway increas$1 h& 9 h& ) ! expansion ( ,trie/e1 to su* an ext5t t x prov$ inadequate4 ,a m direct r\te betwe5 ! capital & ! port1 z well z accel]at$ communication ) ! great c5tres ( ,europe1 0 dem&$ by ! comm]cial community4 ,?is agitation became s insi/5t t at la/ ! gov]nm5t 0 compell$ to move1 & ! eng9e] ( ! ,imp]ial ,railways 0 commission$ to survey ! c\ntry = ! purpose ( devis+ "s s*eme :i* w\ld satisfy ! public outcry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,massive ,,/eel ,,bridge ,,:i* ,,c>ries ,,! ,,railway ,,across ,,! ,,drave ,,riv] ,,to ,,approa* ,,! ,,tunnel ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,k>awank5 ,,range ,,9 ,,! ,,backgr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,k>awank5 ,,tunnel4 ,five miles 9 l5g?1 ?r\gh ! ,k>awank5 m\nta9 *a94 ,?is 0 no easy task4 ,innum]able knots ( m\nta9s break up ! c\ntry betwe5 ,vi5na & ! ,adriatic1 & !y are compress$ s tightly toge!r t ! n>r[ valleys betwe5 (f]$ b slight assi/ance t[>ds ! solution ( ! problem4 ,!n1 aga91 ^? ?ree well-kn[n m\nta9 ranges1 ! ,tau]n1 ,k>awank51 & ,julian ,alps1 /ood "r 9 ! way1 disput+ any possibly %ort] r\te ?an t already 9 exi/5ce4 ,! prospect be=e ! surveyors 0 n v promis+4 ,h[ev]1 !y brav$ ! elem5ts among ! inhospitable peaks1 suff]$ extreme privations & fatigue z !y toil$ up & d[n ! rugg$1 wild m\nta9 slopes ) _! in/rum5ts1 = mon? aft] mon?4 ,at la/ !y succe$$ 9 =mulat+ a project :i* 0 submitt$ to ,p>liam5t4 ,9 ?is x 0 propos$ to make avail ( any fav\rable /ret*es ( exi/+ railways :i* int]sect$ ! valleys 9 all directions1 & to connect !m toge!r1 s t 9 ! end a tol]ably direct r\te might be obta9$4 ,at any rate ?is proposal w\ld r$uce ! j\rney betwe5 ! ,adriatic & ,muni* by at lea/ elev5 h\rs4 ,! s*eme 0 divid$ into f\r broad sections4 ,x 0 discuss$ ?or\ghly 9 ,p>liam5t1 b 9 ! end x 0 decid$ to c>ry out 9 ! fir/ in/ance ! mo/ ess5tial p>ts ( ! project1 because emb>kation ^u ! und]tak+s z set =? by ! eng9e]s w\ld h entail$ ! exp5diture ( a gigantic sum ( money4 ,ev5 t :i* 0 sanction$ repres5t$ a total f9ancial commitm5t ( ab\t #cj1jjj1jjj1 or #aej1jjj1jjj1 = #baa miles ( l9e4 ,! accept$ ent]prise 0 memorable because x entail$ ! pi]c+ ( ?ree m\nta9 ranges by tunnels #e1 #e1 & #d miles 9 l5g? respectively4 ,( ! total mileage only #da miles 7 to be level6 ,! rema9+ #agj miles repres5t$ banks1 ) grades runn+ z high z #acb feet to ! mile4 ,! project z sanction$ 0 divid$ into ?ree sections = con/ructional purposes4 ,! fir/ section is t kn[n z ! ,pyrhn railway1 :i* connects ! ma9 l9e betwe5 ,vi5na & ,switz]l& via ! ,arlb]g tunnel at ,l9z4 ,f ?is po9t a %ort bran* l9e ran directly s\?w>ds ?r\gh ! ,krems valley to ,klaus1 hav+ be5 built = t\ri/ purposes4 ,x 0 decid$ to ov]haul ?is spur to br+ x into con=mity ) ! conditions ( a ma9 l9e1 & to build ! new l9e onw>ds f ,klaus4 ,f ,auspo9t1 :i* is at an altitude ( #a1efc feet1 ! l9e makes "o cont9ual climb1 climb1 to ! ,selz?al t]m9us1 ne>ly #dj miles di/ant4 ,! av]age rise ranges f #gj to #acb feet p] mile to ov]come ! ,pyrhn ,pass1 b5ea? :i* a tunnel ne>ly #c miles 9 l5g? 0 bor$4 ,?is tunnel1 h[ev]1 is only "o ( _m1 = !re are num]\s %ort burr[s ?r\gh %\ld]s & crags4 ,nor are ! bridges a :it less maje/ic4 ,! ,/eyr ,riv] is cross$ by a l(ty s+le masonry ar*1 & aga9 l[] d[n by an iron susp5sion /ructure1 :ile ! ,tei*l is spann$ by a s+le-span lattice /eel bridge4 ,! l(t9ess ( ^! /ructures is an out/&+ *>act]i/ic4 ,! riv]s at ! po9ts 9 "q h cut _! b$s at a great dep? bel[ ! banks :i* con/itute ! railway level4 ,sw]v+ b5ds are also conspicu\s1 = ! railway cont9ually sw+s f "o side ( ! valley to ! o!r4 ,! con/ruction ( ! ,pyrhn railway1 h[ev]1 0 simple 9 comp>ison ) ! o!r l9ks ( ?is *a9 ( communication4 ,at ,klag5furt1 s\?-ea/ ( ,vi5na1 comm5ces ! ,k>awank5 railway1 s nam$ because x pi]ces ! difficult m\nta9 range ( t "n4 ,! /ret* is only #ai miles 9 l5g?1 b ! c\ntry prov$ to be s brok5 t only #d miles ( level track c\ld be introduc$1 & ^? 9 ! vic9ity ( ! /ations6 ,?r\gh\t ! rema9+ #ae miles ! railway is really a gigantic swit*back4 ,! l9e hugs ! hill-sides1 & has to make ! r\gh desc5t ( ! brok5 ,holl5burg] 9 ord] to ga9 ! level ( ! ,drave ,riv]1 to pass betwe5 ! ,/attnitz on ! nor!rn & ! ,k>awank5 *a9s on ! s\!rn side ( ! depression4 ,! m\nta9-side is /eep & brok5 9 ! extreme4 ,9 all directions gullies ext5d$1 :]e ! s(t e>? _h be5 wa%$ away by ! viol5ce ( ! sn[ fre%ets4 ,^! _h to be fill$ 9 ) solid1 heavy embankm5ts1 ! debris = :i* 0 torn f deep cutt+s ?r\gh project+ humps ( rock4 ,"s ( ! gaps 7 too wide & deep to be ov]come 9 ?is summ>y mann]1 & _h to be bridg$4 ,! ,holl5burg] viaduct /&s out prom95tly among works ( ?is k9d4 ,f end to end x measures #bfb feet 9 l5g?1 & 9 ! c5tre ! rift is #ib feet bel[ ! level ( ! rails4 ,! m\nta9s %e] up precipit\sly on ! "o1 & ! beautiful valley ( ! ,ros5ba* falls away on ! o!r1 side ( ! track4 ,ga9+ ! riv]-bank1 ! l9e sweeps across ! wat]way by a maje/ic l(ty iron bridge #fef feet 9 l5g?4 ,ga9+ ! opposite bank1 x plunges among ! well-wood$ slopes ( ! ,k>awank5 belt ( m\nta9s1 effect+ a good climb up & d[n t[>ds ! ,ros5ba* valley1 :i* is cross$ by means ( a long viaduct1 consi/+ ( f\r ar*$ masonry spans ea* #bd feet & ?ree /eel spans ( #agg feet apiece1 at a height ( #agj feet4 ,! asc5t is heavy1 z ! objective is ! nor!rn entrance to ! ,k>awank5 tunnel1 :i* burr[s ?r\gh ! range = a di/ance ( five miles4 ,! pi]c+ ( ?is subt]ranean passage excit$ consid]able att5tion4 ,! ,au/rian eng9e]s :o _h a*iev$ su* a triumph 9 ! rapid bor+ ( ! ,arlb]g upheld _! reputation z accompli%$ ma/]s 9 ?is phase ( railway-build+1 not)/&+ ! fact t ! rocky mass 0 f\nd to be ( su* un/able "* t ! tunnel _h to be l9$ f end to end4 ,! task 0 tak5 9 h& %ortly aft] ! ,au/rian ,gov]nm5t sanction$ ^! railways 9 #aija4 ,bor+ 0 c>ri$ out simultane\sly f ea* end4 ,! gr\nd ar\nd ea* portal 0 quickly cle>$1 & :5 ! "w 0 9 full sw+ #fjjj m5 f\nd employm5t4 ,! fir/ /ep 0 to secure p[] to furni% ! en]gy to op]ate ! v>iety ( me*anical appliances t 7 necess>y to dislodge & transport ! rock1 z well z to dispel ! ,cimm]ian gloom 9 ! he>t ( ! m\nta94 ,!re 0 a small wat]fall six miles f ! propos$ s\!rn m\? ( ! tunnel1 ) a drop ( #ce feet1 & capable ( furni%+ "s #ijj horse-p[]4 ,?is picturesque ,alp9e cascade 0 h>ness$ & compell$ to drive turb9es & dynamos to g5]ate electricity1 :i* 0 transmitt$ by ov]head wires = six miles to ! bor+ works at ! tunnel entrance4 ,"h ! curr5t 0 press$ into a multitude ( s]vices1 n ! lea/ important ( :i* 0 ! driv+ ( ! huge fans1 :]eby a great volume ( clean1 pure1 cool air 0 swept 9 a /eady /ream ?r\gh ! %aft to /rike aga9/ ! wall ( rock ^u :i* ! drill]s 7 conc5trat+ _! en]gies1 displac+ ! atmosph]e contam9at$ by ! fumes ( ! dynamite bla/+1 grime & du/4 ,moreov]1 ! temp]ature1 :i* rapidly rose z ! he>t ( ! m\nta9 0 p5etrat$1 0 temp]$ pleasantly by ! incom+ curr5ts1 s t ! fatigue ( toil+ 9 ! blackness & conf9$ space 0 r$uc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tau]n ,,railway1 ,,%[+ ,,w9d+ ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,l9e ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,tau]n ,,tunnel1 ,five & a qu>t] miles 9 l5g?1 :i* occupi$ five ye>s to bore ?r\gh ! range ,,railway ,,build+ ,,9 ,,! ,,tyrol ,on ! nor!rn side ( ! tunnel simil> arrangem5ts 7 laid d[n4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 h[ev]1 ! electricity1 obta9$ by h>ness+ two small wat]falls1 _h to op]ate wond]ful electric drills :i* 7 us$ at ?is end = bor+ into ! rock--on ! s\!rn side hydraulic & pneumatic drills 7 employ$4 ,! work+ face 9 ! tunnel 0 illum9at$ brilliantly by electric light1 s t ! drill]s lab\r$ "u conditions va/ly dissimil> to ^? :i* prevail$ :5 ! fir/ ,alp9e tunnel 0 driv54 ,z ! top ( ! tunnel 0 cut out ! ro( 0 %or$ up ) heavy timb]+1 & h>d on ! tracks ( ! excavators came ! /onemasons1 cutt+1 trimm+1 & sett+ ! masonry l9+ into position4 ,! "w 0 s plann$ t ! actual progress p] day %\ld be ?irte5 l9eal feet1 & al?\gh at times ! calculations 7 some:at upset by some?+ un=ese5 be+ enc\nt]$1 yet1 tak5 on ! :ole1 ! av]age 0 well ma9ta9$4 ,comm5c$ 9 ,june #aijb1 ! m\nta9 *a9 0 pi]c$ & ready = ! d\ble l9e ( rails by ,novemb] #aije1 s t ! "w _h be5 c>ri$ out v sm>tly inde$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,huge ,,loops ,,on ,,! ,,tau]n ,,railway ,%[+ heavy "* ( e>? cutt+ & masonry "w4 ,em]g+ f ! tunnel1 ! l9e once m becomes a s+le track1 & issues into ! ,wurzn] ,save valley1 ! desc5t cont9u+ until ,assl+1 ! t]m9us ( ! ,k>awank5 railway1 is rea*$1 ?is po9t be+ #aea feet bel[ ! s\!rn m\? ( ! tunnel4 ,"h a connection is =m$ ) ! next l9k 9 ! *a91 ?is be+ ! 8,wo*5i]0 section1 :i* runs to ! %ores ( ! ,adriatic at ,trie/e4 ,b be=e ! latt] t]m9al is ga9$ ano!r m\nta9 mass has to be p5etrat$--! ,julian ,alps4 ,x is a me&]+ l9e 9 v tru?1 = ! configuration ( ! c\ntry prev5t$ m ?an %ort pieces ( /raight track be+ s&wi*$ "h & !re betwe5 sweep+ curves1 elaborate w9ds1 /iff asc5ts & desc5ts--9 fact1 ! longe/ piece ( /raight l9e is only ( #f1fjj feet 9 ! fir/ #ee miles4 ,9 runn+ f ,assl+ to ! seabo>d #bh tunnels are ?read$1 exclusive ( ! ,wo*5i]1 :i* is #d miles long1 #ae bridges & #cj viaducts are cross$1 :ile ! cutt+s & embankm5ts are innum]able4 ,! railway trav]ses "s ( ! mo/ romantic & wilde/ sc5]y 9 ! :ole ,alp9e *a91 especially z x approa*es ! s\!rnmo/ clump ( ^! m\nta9s4 ,on ?is section ! eng9e]s accompli%$ an unp>allel$ eng9e]+ feat4 ,! n>r[ ,isonzo gorge _h to be cross$1 & x 0 effect$ by ?r[+ a s+le span f "o bank to ! o!r1 a matt] ( #gcc feet4 ,?is is ! longe/ s+le-ar* masonry bridge 9 ! _w1 & ! rail-level is #abj feet above ! level ( ! wat]4 ,z ! coa/ is approa*$ ! w9d+s ( ! l9e become m tortu\s1 :ile ! bridg+1 ow+ to ! num]\s riv]s1 is t]rific4 ,:5 at la/ ,opc9a tunnel is p5etrat$1 ! ,adriatic is se5 spread out 9 a va/ panorama #ajjj feet bel[4 ,to desc5d ! m\nta9 slopes ) an easy grade = a di/ance ( t5 miles 0 a /iff problem4 ,9 ord] to d s ! eng9e]s _h to c>ry ! track 9 ! =m ( elaborate saw-l loops4 ,heavy gradi5ts c\ld n be avoid$1 & ?is "p ( ! l9e is "o ( ! /eepe/ & mo/ try+ to ! locomotives4 ,?\gh ^! sections ( ! railway _h prov$ difficult to c>ry out1 x 0 ! ,tau]n l9k 9 ! *a9 t tri$ ! en]gy & +5uity ( ! eng9e]s to ! supreme degree1 = on ?is /ret* ( railway ! mighty ,tau]n gr\p ( m\nta9s _h to be negotiat$4 ,surveys %[$ t to pi]ce ?is clump involv$ ! bor+ ( a tunnel = a di/ance ( five miles at lea/4 ,!y prov$ ! h>de/ five miles 9 ! :ole und]tak+2 ! pi]c+ ( ! ,k>awank5 & ,wo*5i] tunnels sank into insignificance by comp>ison1 = ?is knot ( ! ,alps 0 f\nd to be =m$ ( mu* /]n] rock4 ,granite gneiss1 "o ( ! h>de/ sub/ances aga9/ :i* x is possible to br+ ! edge ( a drill1 made progress provok+ly sl[4 ,at times1 :5 ! h& drills _h to be us$1 an advance ( two feet 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs 0 consid]$ excell5t4 ,! ,br&t hydraulic drills1 h[ev]1 ) ! enorm\s en]gy beh9d !m1 made ! task some:at light]1 = !y mov$ ?r\gh ! h>de/ rock at a rate ( ab\t sev5te5 feet e day1 ) occasional spurts ( a foot p] h\r4 ,9 ?is und]tak+1 h[ev]1 _m mis=tunes s]v$ to delay progress4 ,! task _h b>ely comm5c$1 :5 a flood de/roy$ "p ( ! works at ! nor!rn end4 ,! riv] ^: wat] _h be5 h>ness$ _h be5 deviat$ f its accu/om$ pa?1 because x fl[$ ov] ! ro( ( ! tunnel4 ,z ! eng9e]s _h no desire to invite an inundation by tapp+ ! b$ ( ! riv] wat]way1 !y _h provid$ x ) a new *annel4 ,heavy sn[s & ra9s1 h[ev]1 s swell$ ! volume ( ! div]t$ riv] t x broke ?r\gh its artificial bonds to resume its orig9al c\rse4 ,! result 0 t1 ow+ to ! cru/ ( e>? betwe5 ! old b$ & ! ro( ( ! tunnel be+ s ?91 ! wat] cra%$ ?r\gh1 & p\r$ into ! tunnel 9 an imm5se cascade4 ,! m5 ab&on$ ev]y?+ hurri$ly1 & ru%$ madly = _! lives f ! incom+ avalan*e ( wat]4 ,= days ! tunnel 0 absolutely inaccessible4 ,n cont5t ) flood+ ! work+s1 ! impetu\s torr5t complet$ its deva/ation by sweep+ away _m ( ! supports to ! l9e convey+ ! wat] to ! drills "u a pressure ( #a1ejj p\nds p] squ>e in*1 leav+ ! sl5d] conduit ( ?is great =ce hang+ 9 graceful fe/oons 9 mid-air4 ,"s ( ^! gaps 7 z mu* z #bfj feet 9 wid?1 & _h a break 9 ! pipe occurr$ widespread damage w\ld h be5 caus$4 ,b ! eng9e]s set to "w1 & recon/ruct$ ! tempor>y dam t _h ?us be5 torn r\ghly away & rebuilt ! riv]'s new *annel4 ,at ! same "t !y adopt$ su* precautions z w\ld preclude ! possibility ( ! wat]way aga9 inundat+ ! tunnel 9 times ( ! mo/ sev]e floods4 ,su* incid5ts1 h[ev]1 are inh]5t to works ( ?is "*4 ,! inundation 0 b "o means adopt$ by ,nature to ?w>t ! advance ( ! iron road4 ,"w _h sc>cely be5 resum$1 :5 ano!r disa/] occurr$4 ,! drills 7 :irr+ m]rily aga9/ ! rock face 9 ! tunnel1 & ! drill]s 7 light-he>t$ly conv]s+ ) "o ano!r z !y f$ ! bor+ giant 9 its rock-p5etrat+ task4 ,sudd5ly !re 0 a cry ( al>m4 ,wat] 0 trickl+ rapidly f a bore-hole2 x rapidly increas$ 9 volume4 ,! drill]s hurri$ly )drew _! tools & back$ d[n ! cav]n4 ,!re 0 a ro>1 & a limpid /ream bur/ f ! rock face4 ,! drill]s /amp$$2 !y _h tapp$ a subt]ranean spr+1 & x 0 n[ ru%+ =? ) fi5di% viol5ce4 ,! eng9e]s ha/5$ to ! front4 ,su* a cont+5cy _h be5 expect$1 = su* incid5ts are insep>able f tunnell+ tasks ( ?is magnitude4 ,! ru%+ /ream 0 turn$ into "o ( ! conduits at ! side to c>ry x to ! tunnel m\?1 :]e x exp5d$ its en]gy h>mlessly by tumbl+ wildly among ! rocks4 ,:5 pockets ( wat] & spr+s are tapp$ 9 ?is mann]1 ! "q is to control ! wat] s enc\nt]$ 9 su* a mann] t x does n int]f]e ) ! drill+ "w or flood ! work+s4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 :5 ! ,simplon tunnel 0 9 progress ^! und]gr\nd spr+s 7 h>ness$ & compell$ to p]=m useful "w2 !y 7 ?r[n aga9/ ! rock face to keep d[n ! int]nal temp]ature4 ,"w cont9u$ incessantly day & night2 b x 0 h>d & exhau/+ ! f>!r ! m5 advanc$4 ,! drills sc>cely c\ld bite into ! rock1 z x 0 s t\gh4 ,at "o "t ! "q became s acute t ! eng9e]s br\ght up ! electric drills us$ 9 ! ,k>awank5 und]tak+ 9 ord] to see if matt]s c\ld n be exp$it$1 b !y fail$ to make z mu* headway z ! hydraulic tools4 ,ano!r h&icapp+ factor 0 ! heat1 :i* rose v rapidly1 & al?\gh x did n atta9 t degree exp]i5c$ 9 ! bor+ ( ! ,simplon1 yet x caus$ consid]able fatigue among ! workm5 engag$ 9 su* a conf9$ space4 ,! elaborate v5tilat+ sy/em suffic$ to keep ! air z sweet & cool z possible1 b x did n solve ! problem completely4 ,! workm51 cramp$ z !y 7 9 ! conf9$ space--! area available = manipulat+ ! tools only measur$ a few feet 9 ea* direction--(t5 betray$ pa9ful signs ( physical di/ress4 ,b at la/ !re 0 a wild *e]1 :i* e*o$ & re-e*o$ ?r\gh ! cav]ns to ! tunnel's m\?s4 ,^? outside realis$ t some?+ unt[>d _h occurr$1 & 9 a few seconds ! news came ?r\gh ! gloomy dep?s t ! drills _h pi]c$ ! la/ #gb in*es ( rock sep>at+ ! two head+s1 & t ! ,tau]n 0 conqu]$4 ,t 0 on ,july #ba1 #aijg1 "s five ye>s aft] ! fir/ b\ld] 0 torn f ! m\nta9-side4 ,once ?is la/ b>ri] 0 brok5 d[n ! f9i%+ t\*es 7 soon appli$1 & ! d\ble track laid f end to end4 ,?\gh ! ,tau]n tunnel con/itutes ! out/&+ features on ! section /ret*+ f ,s*w>za* ,/4 ,veit to ,villa*1 !re are innum]able o!r subsidi>y works :i* 9 !mselves are ( importance4 ,"o ( m ?an pass+ int]e/ is a clev] piece ( con/ruction 9 ord] to ov]come a diff]5ce ( #b1ige feet 9 level betwe5 ! ,tau]n tunnel & ,ob] ,villa* by means ( a huge 8,s0 loop f\r & a half miles 9 l5g?4 ,! fulfilm5t ( ?is und]tak+ con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable railway eng9e]+ feats 9 ,europe4 ,c]ta9ly x ranks among ! mo/ exp5sive ent]prises t ev] h be5 attempt$ we/ ( ! ,urals4 ,to ! travell+ & comm]cial community its value is incalculable1 = ,muni*1 :i* 0 =m]ly a t$i\s j\rney ( tw5ty-?ree h\rs f ,trie/e1 is n[ )9 twelve h\rs' run1 :ile ! o!r great c5tres ( ,europe h be5 br\ght proportionately ne>] ! ,adriatic by ?is new & m direct r\te4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,reclamation ,,( ,,alaska ,until a few ye>s ago ! popul> conception ( ,alaska 0 a va/ c\ntry seal$ aga9/ ! ef=ts ( civilisation by imp5etrable b>ri]s ( sn[ & ice1 pres5t+ su* a dismal outlook z to daunt ! mo/ intrepid spirits4 ,b to-day q a diff]5t impression prevails4 ,alaska is consid]$ a com+ c\ntry1 al?\gh x re/s on ei!r side ( ! invisible l9e d5ot+ ! ,arctic circle4 ,x is a va/ m9]al /oreh\se1 ! l(ty m\nta9s conta9+ ri* deposits ( all ! valuable m9]als ( comm]ce1 :ile ! dales ne/l+ among ! peaks h be5 f\nd to be ( wond]ful f]tility & capable ( produc+ a weal? ( agricultural produce4 ,"o might reg>d ! possibility ( rais+ :eat & hay 9 t nor!rn clime z a m]e phantasy1 b ,i h se5 c]eals & hay cut 9 ^? valleys :i* comp>e v fav\rably 9 quality ) ! simil> products gr[n 9 ! great agricultural belts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 ,! fact is t ! int]ior1 f> f be+ lock$ ! :ole ye> r\nd 9 a temp]ature hov]+ ar\nd1 or _m degrees bel[1 z]o1 has extremes ( heat & cold4 ,9 ! w9t] ! sn[ envelops ! gr\nd to a dep? ( sev]al feet1 & ! m]cury desc5ds to #dj or #ej degrees bel[ z]o1 b 9 ! summ] ! !rmomet] regi/]s temp]atures ( #hj & #ij degrees4 ,:ile ! w9t] grips ! c\ntry = ne>ly two-?irds ( ! ye>1 ! summ] b>ely la/s #ajj days4 ,b :at a summ] x is6 ,! sun %9es f a cl\dless sky ! :ole "t1 & = "s tw5ty h\rs ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,consequ5tly x is possible to s[ & to h>ve/ ! crops )9 #hj days4 ,along ! coa/ extremely cold wea!r sc>cely ev] is exp]i5c$4 ,! conditions1 9 fact1 are v simil> to ^? prevail+ 9 ,sc&9avia4 ,! coa/-l9e ( ! latt] c\ntry is ba!d by ! w>m wat]s ( ! ,gulf ,/ream3 ! coa/-l9e ( ,alaska is swept by ! w>m breezes ( ! ,japanese *9ook w9d bl[+ (f ! ,pacific4 ,yet popul> fallacy result$ 9 ! c\ntry be+ reg>d$ z a clos$ book1 & ! possibility ( a railway ev] secur+ suffici5t traffic to ju/ify its exi/5ce 0 ridicul$ to scorn tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,b ! pa/ two decades h witness$ /range developm5ts4 ,! railway eng9e] has p5etrat$ ! c\ntry1 & to-day !re is a sc5e ( great activity to connect ! rem>kable discov]ies ( metals among ! m\nta9s ) conv5i5t po9ts ( %ipm5t along ! coa/4 ,x 0 ! discov]y ( gold1 & ! subsequ5t ru% to ! 8,klondike10 t br\ght ab\t ! unlock+ ( ,alaska1 & :i* 0 responsible = br++ a c\ntry ( #eia1jjj squ>e miles )9 ! purview ( ! railway-build]4 ,a rude collection ( timb] %acks & t5ts sprung up l mu%rooms on a little ind5t on ! sea%ore1 & to-day is a heal?y1 prosp]\s t[n & port--,skaguay4 ,f ?is po9t ! d>+ spirits infect$ ) ! 8yell[ fev]0 pu%$ inl& ov] ! gaunt1 sn[-clad m\nta9s to ! 8fields10 endur+ privations untold & exp]i5ces t make ! blood run cold 9 ord] to ga9 ! new ,eldorado4 ,! trail 0 blaz$ ) ! blea*$ bones ( animals & pione]s eag] to be fir/ on ! spot4 ,( roads !re 7 none--!re 0 n ev5 a r\gh pa?4 ,^? e>ly seek]s _h to tread "o ) _! own feet4 ,no soon] _h ! fir/ reports conc]n+ ! discov]ies ( gold at ,dawson trickl$ ?r\gh1 to be sub/antiat$ by subsequ5t inve/igations1 ?an ! possibility ( build+ a railway f ! coa/ to ! gold-fields1 9 ord] to lift ! m5 ov] ! mo/ difficult & haz>d\s "p ( ! j\rney1 0 discuss$4 ,inde$1 among "o ( ! e>lie/ b&s :i* trail$ across ! ,*ilkoot ,pass 9 a ?ick black l9e 7 "o or two surveyors spy+ out ! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ! c\ntry4 ,less ?an two ye>s aft] ! excitem5t fir/ fl>$ up ! plans = a l9e #aab miles 9 l5g?1 ext5d+ practically ?r\gh unkn[n c\ntry1 _h be5 prep>$4 ,"o end ( ! l9e re/$ on ! sea%ore at ,skaguay1 :ile ! o!r repos$ at ,:ite ,horse1 ne> ,lake ,leb>ge1 :]e communication 0 effect$ ) ! wond]ful inl& wat]way ( ! c\ntry1 ! riv] ,yukon4 ,x 0 n a long railway 9 comp>ison ) o!r great sy/ems ( ! _w1 b x 0 a highly ambiti\s ent]prise1 = x 0 de/9$ to lift man & freight ov] ! mo/ t]rible "p ( ! c\ntry1 ! coa/ range :i* _h be5 ! grave ( scores ( =tune-hunt]s4 ,! prime mov] 9 ?is und]tak+ 0 an accompli%$ eng9e] :o is q at home 9 su* inhospitable t]ritory4 ,he 0 sangu9e ( its f9ancial success1 b :5 he approa*$ ,am]ican f9anci]s = support he 0 laugh$ to scorn4 ,b ?is man 0 n to be ca/ d[n s easily4 ,foil$ 9 8 ef=ts to enli/ ! practical sympa?y ( 8 own c\ntrym51 he came to ,london & s\ght ,briti% assi/ance1 = 9 ! matt] ( railway pione]+ ! ,briti% f9anci] is probably ! greate/ plung]4 ,he requir$ r\ghly #a1jjj1jjj1 or #e1jjj1jjj1 & :at 0 m1 he secur$ x4 ,! firmness & boldness ) :i* ! capitali/s ( ,london support$ :at 0 reg>d$ z a h>e-bra9$ s*eme a/oni%$ ! ,am]ican f9ancial _w4 ,! ultimate success ( ! ent]prise1 h[ev]1 0 ev5 m surpris+ to !m1 & !y m ?an regrett$ _! refusal to support ! und]tak+ :5 x 0 orig9ally laid be=e !m4 ,"o em95t au?ority belab\r$ 8 compatriots s\ndly = _! lack ( =esight & initiative1 & aptly rem>k$1 8,z long z ! ,briti% "k h[ to grasp ! trade ( ! _w1 :5 & :]e x is mo/ pr(itable1 !y h no imm$iate cause to worry ab\t ,g]man & ,am]ican competition40 ,arm$ ) ! requisite ca% res\rces1 ! projector lo/ no "t4 ,he hurri$ back to ,alaska & comm5c$ 8 attack ^u ! t[]+ m\nta9 *a94 ,8 arrival 9 8%ack-t[n0 ) an effici5t /aff & mat]ials signalis$ ! transition ( ,skaguay f a tumbl$[n1 disreputable collection ( %anties into an important1 well-built port4 ,! eng9e] realis$ only too well t he _h a desp]ate task confront+ him4 ,! maps & reports ( ! t]ritory he int5d$ to trav]se 7 f\nd to be absolutely unreliable4 ,he disc>d$ ! :ole lot & advis$ 8 own survey exp$itions to prep>e _! own c>tographical guides4 ,five surveys 7 run1 & five alt]nate r\tes = ! l9e betwe5 ! coa/ & ,:ite ,horse 7 complet$ be=e selection 0 made def9itely4 ,!n ! rock & e>? comm5c$ to fly4 ,!re 0 a call = #ejjj m54 ,skaguay 0 ! />t+-po9t1 ! fir/ spadeful ( e>? be+ turn$ ne> ! wat]'s edge4 ,a n>r[ gauge--?ree feet--0 adopt$ z be+ m economical to build1 :ile f ! traffic po9t ( view x 0 consid]$ to be m ?an adequate4 ,z ! small gangs ( m5 arm$ ) pick-axes & %ovels advanc$ up ! ma9 /reet ( ! t[n 9 embryo1 def9+ ! grade1 ! en?usiasm knew no b\nds4 ,x 0 an occasion = a frantic outbur/ ( revelry4 ,! conque/ ( ! dread$ ,:ite ,pass _h comm5c$3 ! mo/ nor!rly railway on ! ,am]ican cont95t 0 "u way2 & ! "t 0 n f> di/ant :5 ! m9]s w\ld be able to pass f coa/ to gold-fields ) no m dang] or discom=t ?an att5ds "o :o travels f ,london to ,scotl& or f ,new ,york to ,*icago4 ,= ! fir/ five miles ! go+ 0 easy1 z ! l9e 0 plott$ ?r\gh practically level c\ntry ) only a slight asc5t 9 ord] to /rike ! m\nta9s at a conv5i5t po9t4 ,two mon?s aft] ! fir/ sod 0 turn$ d[n by ! wat]side ?is section 0 complet$ & op5$ = traffic1 an ev5t :i* 0 n p]mitt$ to pass by )\t ano!r outbreak ( jubilation4 ,! feature t mo/ a/oni%$ ! inhabitants1 h[ev]1 0 ! vig\r ) :i* ! presid+ g5ius pu%$ 8 ent]prise =w>d4 ,! gold ru% 0 at its height1 & hundr$s ( new arrivals p\r$ into ,skaguay f e arriv+ boat4 ,"o & all 7 b\nd = ! digg+s1 & !y proce$$ z f> z possible ov] ! railway1 to cont9ue a we>isome toil afoot f ! railhead4 ,to ^! m5 ! completion ( ! l9e meant m ?an "o c realise f a di/ance4 ,t plod ov] ! m\nta9 cre/ ?r\gh a pass :i* is s /eep t x appe>$ to lean back 0 h]oic4 ,z ! eng9e] p5etrat$ ! m\nta9s 8 task became m exact+1 p]il\s1 & ! pace ( ! advance eas$ up appreciably4 ,!re 0 no de>? ( lab\r1 = new arrivals1 n hav+ ! :]e)al to ga9 ! gold region1 or o!rs :o1 hav+ v5tur$ !re to meet only ) mis=tune & ill-luck1 7 only too glad to seize ! opportunity to e>n a good day's pay on ! build+ ( ! ,:ite ,pass ,yukon railway1 z x is call$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,h\r',s ,,"w3 ,,navvies ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,grade ,,along ,,! ,,ma9 ,,/reet ,,( ,,skaguay ,illu/ration3 ,photos1 ,drap]1 ,skaguay ,,by ,,railway ,,to ,,! ,,klondike--,,! ,,:ite ,,pass ,,& ,,yukon ,,l9e ,,"u ,,con/ruction ,lay+ ! metals at ! head ( ,lake ,b5nett1 %[+ con/ruction camp4 ,! eng9e] decid$ to keep 8 grades z easy z possible1 b dur+ ! c\rse ( #ae miles ?r\gh ! m\nta9s he f\nd v quickly t ?is 0 no easy matt]4 ,he _h to ga9 ! summit ( ! pass1 an altitude ( #b1hhh feet1 9 ?is di/ance1 & x 0 f\nd q hopeless )\t a climb ( #a 9 #ae4 ,mu* ( ! c\ntry ly+ 9 8 pa? nev] _h be5 trodd5 by man4 ,bel[ ! sn[-l9e x 0 cov]$ ?ickly ) virg9 =e/1 tangl$ und]gr[? & dead-fall pil$ up to a trem5d\s height1 ?r\gh :i* ! m5 _h to axe _! way at a snail's pace4 ,above ! l9e :]e timb] ceas$ to ?rive cliffs rose up %e]1 ) _! faces s poli%$ by ! ,arctic gales & wea!r z to be z slipp]y z ice & af=d+ no foo?old :atev]4 ,9 ord] t ! workm5 might ga9 a pur*ase = ! wield+ ( _! tools1 huge logs 7 slung d[n f conv5i5t heights1 held 9 position by massive *a9s atta*$ to iron dogs driv5 into ! rock1 & on ?is flimsy foo?old ! m5 7 compell$ to prosecute _! tasks z be/ !y c\ld4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dismal ,,tract ,,( ,,swamp ,,& ,,riv] ,,?r\gh ,,:i* ,,! ,,alaskan ,,c5tral ,,railway ,,makes ,,its ,,way ,"o ( ! mo/ complex difficulties 0 9 reg>d to ! br++ up ( provisions & /ores = ! m51 & ! requisite mat]ial = ! railway4 ,! base ( supplies 0 ov] #ajjj miles away1 e ounce ( necessities hav+ to be br\ght up by wat] f ,seattle or ,vanc\v]4 ,! little army 0 cut (f entirely f ! outside _w1 news ( :i* c\ld be glean$ only :5 a boat call$ at ,skaguay4 ,! abs5ce ( telegraphic communication 0 a defici5cy :i* 0 felt ! mo/ sorely4 ,! po/1 int]mitt5t & unc]ta91 z !re 0 no regul> s]vice1 0 ! sole vehicle ( communication4 ,consequ5tly extreme c>e _h to be obs]v$ to pres]ve a cont9u\s /ream ( ! mat]ial requir$4 ,! omission ( ?is or t entail$ a delay ( any?+ f t5 days upw>ds4 ,at "o po9t a l(ty granite too? #gj feet wide & #bj feet ?ick %e]$ up 9 front ( ! eng9e] to a height ( #abj feet4 ,he nei!r attempt$ to g r\nd nor ?r\gh ! ob/acle4 ,he br\ght up a squad ( exp]t drill]s1 & soon !y 7 engag$ 9 honeycomb+ ! base ( ! cliff ) deep holes4 ,*>ges ( explosives 7 ramm$ home1 & :5 detonat$ ! :ole crag1 a crumbl+ mass ( rock1 rattl$ d[n into ! rav9e4 ,! p$e/al ( ?is cliff 0 !n smoo!d (f1 & !reon ! sleep]s & metals 7 laid4 ,by d9t ( prodigi\s ef=t1 cont9u$ )\t int]mission bo? day & night ! :ole week ?r\gh1 )\t ev5 a respite = ,sundays1 ! eng9e] succe$$ 9 c>ry+ ! railway =w>d = a di/ance ( #dj miles & ov] ! summit ( ! pass 9 a s+le season4 ,su* an a*ievem5t 9 ! face ( ! abnormal difficulties enc\nt]$1 9 su* a %ort space ( "t1 0 inde$ memorable4 ,satisfi$ ) ?is result1 ! eng9e] call$ a halt4 ,8 m5 7 9 dire ne$ ( re/1 & z !re 0 no object 9 expos+ !m unduly to ! rig\rs ( ! t]rible w9t] n[ t ! back ( ! task _h be5 brok51 con/ructional "w 0 susp5d$ = a few mon?s4 ,b x 0 n a p]iod ( complete inactivity4 ,he _h plann$ 8 "w = ! foll[+ summ]1 & dur+ ! w9t] mon?s he press$ ! sn[-cov]$ c\ntry into s]vice = ! erection ( 8 con/ructional camps1 ! disposition ( build+ mat]ial1 provisions & /ores at conv5i5t po9ts ov] a long di/ance ahead4 ,"o _c help admir+ ! p]spicacity ( ! man id5tifi$ ) ?is peculi> ent]prise4 ,:5 he s\ght f9ancial assi/ance to fur!r 8 s*eme he argu$ t directly ! railway _h negotiat$ ! summit1 remun]ative traffic w\ld develop4 ,s x prov$4 ,confid5t 9 ^! anticipations1 ! guid+ h& _h ord]$ consid]able roll+-/ock to be hurri$ to ,skaguay :ile 8 grad]s 7 =c+ _! way to ! summit1 & :5 ! pass 0 ov]come a s]vice 0 inaugurat$4 ,yet x is d\btful if ! eng9e] sc>cely expect$ ! results t 7 exp]i5c$4 ,! adequacy ( 8 roll+-/ock ov] ! fir/ #dj miles 0 te/$ to break+ po9t4 ,! pack-trail ov] ! pass 0 ab&on$ z quickly z a c&le is ext+ui%$ by a gu/ ( w9d :5 ! fir/ tra9 0 ann\nc$4 ,! m9]s brav$ ! elem5ts1 pitiless cold & dazzl+ sn[1 no long]4 ,f ! railway to-day "o c /ill see decay+ evid5ces ( a bygone bu/le & activity att5d+ ! trek ( ! fir/ prospectors & pione]s to ! ,klondike 9 ! fall+ %acks & huts scatt]$ along ! trail1 :i* be=e ! adv5t ( ! iron horse 7 c5tres ( life & revelry1 b :i* to-day are wrapp$ 9 =lorn desolation4 ,sc>cely a p]son ent]s or ev5 passes _! doors n[4 ,s soon z ! w9t] broke1 ! eng9e] br\ght 8 =ces to ! front once m4 ,! l9e skirts ,lake ,b5nett4 ,:ite ,horse1 on ! head wat]s ( ! ,yukon1 "s #gb miles ahead1 0 ! objective1 & ! eng9e] 0 det]m9$ to rea* t inl& t]m9us t season by hook or by crook4 ,z ! l9e skirts ,lake ,b5nett1 & ?is %eet ( wat] is navigable1 he decid$ to use x tempor>ily until ,:ite ,horse 0 rea*$1 ! railway consequ5tly be+ resum$ f ! head ( ! lake4 ,?is 0 a ju/ifiable c\rse1 inasmu* z ! build+ ( ! l9e along ! wat]side w\ld h occupi$ consid]able "t ow+ to physical *>act]i/ics1 :ile x 0 imp]ative t ,:ite ,horse %\ld be rea*$ )\t delay4 ,! com+ ( spr+ saw ! grad]s regird+ !mselves = ano!r wre/le ) ! rock & gravel4 ,be=e !y _h gone v f> ! edge ( a lake 0 ga9$4 ,its banks 7 precipit\s & did n l5d !mselves to a feasible track4 ,an +5i\s solution ( ! problem 0 essay$4 ,! eng9e] decid$ to l[] ! level ( ?is %eet ( wat] by "s #ad feet & to build 8 grade on a %elf :i* surveys %[$ !re w\ld be expos$4 ,to ?is end he cut a small outlet4 ,b z ! v5t 0 driv5 ?r\gh s(t soil & totally inadequate to resi/ ! p5t-up =ce ( ! escap+ wat]1 ! latt] wid5$ ! brea* into su* a deep & wide *annel t ! lake 0 l[]$ by no less ?an #gj feet6 ,?is result op5$ up a new difficulty1 escape f :i* 0 only practicable by ! erection ( two l>ge bridges spann+ ! rift left by ! rec$+ wat]s4 ,z a result1 ! l9e does n run r\nd ! lake z plann$ orig9ally1 b cuts directly across its b$4 ,:5 at la/ ! metals 7 laid into ,:ite ,horse & ! ,yukon ,riv] 0 ga9$1 ! eng9e] retrac$ 8 foot/eps to pu% ahead ) ! la/ l9k ar\nd ,lake ,b5nett1 s t ?r\gh rail connection betwe5 ! coa/ & ! ,yukon ,riv] might be possible t ye>4 ,?is 0 a heavy piece ( "w ow+ to ! ind5tation ( ! lake-%ore & ! numb] ( crags t dropp$ into ! wat]4 ,b by bla/+ away ! faces ( ! promontories to fa%ion a n>r[ gall]y ^u :i* to lay ! track1 & by dump+ ! rock %iv]$ by ! explosives into ! bays to =m embankm5ts1 an easy alignm5t 0 secur$4 ,al?\gh ! railway ov]comes m\nta9s runn+ up to a height ( #gjjj feet1 only "o tunnel 0 f\nd to be necess>y4 ,curves are num]\s & %>p1 s t ! l9e describes a s9u\s r\te among ! peaks4 ,al?\gh on ! asc5t ( ! m\nta9s f a po9t #e miles out ( ,skaguay grades ( #a 9 #be 7 f\nd unavoidable to ga9 ! summit1 ! desc5t on ! opposite side is mu* easi]1 = ! diff]5ce 9 level ( ! ,:ite ,pass summit & ,:ite ,horse summit1 #ia miles beyond1 is only #hjh feet4 ,h[ev]1 ! l9e betwe5 ^! two levels is built = ! mo/ "p on =c$ grades4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! "* ( ! c\ntry trav]s$1 :]e l(ty peaks & /eep precipices alt]nate ) deep gorges & wide clefts1 x is obvi\s t su* a railway z ?is c\ld n be complet$ )\t rec\rse to heavy bridg+4 ,9 all !re are #aa1dej l9eal feet ( su* /ructures4 ,!re are sev5 /eel bridges1 "o ( :i*1 j be=e ! summit is ga9$1 is #djj feet 9 l5g?1 ) ! c5tre #bae feet above ! bottom ( ! gorge4 ,tak5 on ! :ole1 lab\r 0 n s difficult a problem 9 ,alaska !n z x is to-day1 despite ! remote situation ( ! con/ructional "w1 = reasons already expla9$4 ,! ent]prise f\nd employm5t = ab\t #ce1jjj m51 & x speaks volumes = ! c>e ex]cis$ 9 reg>d to _! com=t & welf>e1 t only #ce m5 met _! dea?s ?r\gh accid5t & disease1 not)/&+ ! high pressure ) :i* "w 0 ma9ta9$4 ,! m5 = ! mo/ "p 7 f> m intellig5t ?an ^? g5]ally id5tifi$ ) su* "w4 ,to illu/rate ! extreme fasc9ation t gold ex]cises ov] ^! prospector-navvies1 "o incid5t is wor? relat+4 ,! m5 7 driv+ ! grade ) great ze/1 q cont5t$ ) _! lot1 because ! majority _h ta/$ ! bitt]ness ( ill-luck at ! ,klondike4 ,"o day news trickl$ into ! camp ( ! discov]y ( a new gold/rike n f> di/ant 9 ,briti% ,columbia4 ,x galvanis$ ! lab\r]s l electricity1 awoke all slumb]+ ambitions & re-erect$ all ! ca/les 9 ! air :i* ,dawson _h dispell$ s ru?lessly4 ,a solid phalanx ( #a1ejj m5 ?rew d[n _! tools & clam\r$ r\nd ! pay-(fice ( ! eng9e]s = _! wages due to !m =?)4 ,n hav+ receiv$ any premonitory w>n+ ( ?is developm5t1 ! eng9e] inquir$ :at 0 ! matt]1 ?9k+ t possibly a 8/rike0 0 be+ nurs$4 ,z ! wages 7 paid ! m5 /amp$$ (f to see if ,=tune c\ld be woo$ any m easily at ,atl9 ?an %e c\ld be won at ,klondike4 ,z ! railway 0 pu%$ ?r\gh hurri$ly :ile ! ,klondike gold fev] 0 at its height1 "s ( ! "w 0 ( a tempor>y "*1 b once ! communication 0 e/abli%$ ! :ole l9e 0 ov]haul$4 ,timb] tre/les & bridges 7 replac$ by heavi] sub/antial metallic /ructures1 & ! e>?works 7 /r5g!n$4 ,to-day ! road comp>es ) any to be f\nd on ! cont95t4 ,! s]vice is daily1 except ,sundays1 & ! l9e is patroll$ regul>ly = b\ld]s or avalan*es :i* may h cra%$ d[n ! m\nta9-sides1 to come to re/ on ! track1 & :i* =m fe>some ob/ructions to a tra94 ,9 w9t] x is kept op5 by means ( ! rot>y sn[-pl\ghs4 ,?is is no easy task1 = ! blizz>ds among m\nta9s ( ! nor? are f]oci\s 9 _! sev]ity4 ,drift+ sn[ (t5 fills ! cutt+s to a dep? ( #ce feet or s4 ,two locomotives h>ness$ to "o ( ^! sn[-cle>]s g5]ally contrive to =ce a clean op5 passage ?r\gh ! fleecy mass1 h[ev]4 ,x may be po9t$ out t ?is railway possesses ! l>ge/ type ( n>r[-gauge eng9es 9 ! _w1 ! eng9e & t5d] 9 work+ ord] turn+ ! scale at #ajf tons4 ,travel f our po9t ( view appe>s some:at exp5sive1 s9ce x av]ages #as4 or #be c5ts p] mile4 ,! total co/ ( con/ruct+ & build+ ! railway am\nt$ to #hej1jjj1 or #d1bej1jjj4 ,! mo/ exp5sive section 0 t f ,skaguay to ! ,:ite ,pass summit1 ?is fir/ tw5ty miles involv+ an exp5diture ( #djj1jjj1 or #b1jjj1jjj4 ,9 ! fir/ season aft] completion1 h[ev]1 its gross receipts 7 #hjj1jjj1 or #d1jjj1jjj1 #be p] c5t4 ( :i* 0 absorb$ by work+ exp5se4 ,"o outcome ( ! rem>kable success att5d+ ! pione] ,alaskan railway 0 ! emb>kation ^u ano!r und]tak+ 9 ! same c\ntry1 ?is "t "u ,unit$ ,/ates auspices4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 a f> m ambiti\s s*eme4 ,x involv$ ! build+ ( a /&>d-gauge road f ,sew>d1 9 ,resurrection ,bay1 "s miles nor? ( ,skaguay1 to ! t[n ( ,fairbanks1 #dfc miles inl&1 ! idea be+ n only to br+ ! latt] po9t into t\* ) ! coa/1 b also to tap ri* coal deposits & va/ =e/s ( lumb]4 ,un=tunately ?is project has n be5 att5d$ ) t success :i* m>k$ ! ,:ite ,pass ,yukon l9e4 ,aft] #ed miles 7 complet$ its f9ances became s entangl$ z to require ! (fices ( a receiv] to /raight5 matt]s out4 ,h[ev]1 x mu/ be expla9$ t sev]al un=ese5 circum/ances contribut$ to ?is *equ]$ c>e] ov] :i* ! eng9e]s _h no control4 ,su* calamities z floods1 aris+ f ! melt+ sn[s swell+ ! glacial riv]s1 l&slides & avalan*es wr\ght widespread damage "t aft] "t4 ,moreov]1 con/ructional "w 0 n q s /raight=w>d z on ! road m to ! s\?1 = progress 0 arre/$ repeat$ly by ! necessity ( c>ry+ out heavi] "w ?an ! surveys contemplat$4 ,sew>d is situate on a flat1 & ! l9e 0 driv5 ?r\gh a conv5i5t riv] valley f ?is po9t into ! m\nta9s4 ,! abs5ce ( any roads or ev5 trails r5d]$ inve/igation ( ! c\ntry fr++ ! propos$ r\te prec>i\s & try+ because l>ge /ret*es ( swamp occupi$ ! valleys1 :ile ! m\nta9s 7 torn & brok51 ris+ up /eeply on ei!r side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wond]ful ,,horse%oe ,,timb] ,,tre/le #a1bdj ,,feet ,,long1 ,,v>y+ ,,f #dj ,,to #ij ,,feet ,,high1 ,,on ,,! ,,c5tral ,,alaskan ,,railway ,ov] #a1jjj1jjj l9eal feet ( timb] 0 us$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,! l9e 0 to con=m 9 e p>ticul> to a fir/-class trunk sy/em1 ) a maximum grade ( only #a 9 #ej1 ) few & easy curves4 ,t 0 ! idea on pap]1 b x prov$ a t]rible task to attempt to r$uce !ory to practice4 ,directly ! base ( op]ations at ,sew>d 0 left1 ! eng9e]s f\nd ! c\ntry 9 its primeval condition1 ! gr\nd be+ cov]$ ) a tall1 d5se1 dank grass betwe5 five & six feet 9 height1 & tangl$ ?ick =e/s4 ,cle>+ alone 0 a t$i\s job1 & ! preval5ce ( bog r5d]$ movem5t sl[ & exasp]at+4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,wa%-,,out ,,caus$ ,,by ,,! ,,plac] ,,riv] ,,9 ,,flood ,%[+-! ext5sive damage inflict$ ^u ! embankm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,oblit]ation ,,( ,,! ,,l9e ,,by ,a ,,l&slide ,ov] #a1bjj feet ( track 0 torn up & c>ri$ #bjjj feet d[n ! m\nta9-side4 ,,two ,,visitations ,,( ,,nature ,,:i* ,,ov]:elm ,,! ,,c5tral ,,alaskan ,,railway ,,p]iodically4 ,z a rule x is m\nta9s :i* (f] a det]r+ b>ri] to ! eng9e]1 b 9 ?is in/ance x 0 ! valleys :i* pres5t$ ! mo/ se>*+ difficulties4 ,! practical r\te = ! l9e lay ?r\gh ! ,plac] ,riv] ,valley1 & ! negotiation ( ?is depression 9 ord] to pres]ve ! grade & alignm5t 0 beset ) innum]able p]plexities4 ,aft] leav+ ! coa/ ! railway has to climb gradually until x ga9s & crosses ! summit ( ! wat]%$ at an altitude ( #a1jej feet & #de miles out ( ,sew>d4 ,!n comes a %>p drop = #c miles1 foll[$ by a m rapid desc5t = #bjj feet or s4 ,9 times gone by a huge glaci] fill$ ?is valley4 ,at ! head ! rav9e n>r[s %>ply & leads into a canyon1 :]e ! rocky wall rises up on ei!r h& almo/ p]p5dicul>ly to a height ( "s #gjj feet4 ,?is rift is ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile 9 l5g?1 & op5s into ano!r valley at ! foot ( a l>ge glaci] :i* leads to a bay on ! coa/ kn[n z ,turnaga9 ,arm4 ,s %>p is ! desc5t t 9 ! c\rse ( #bb miles "s #ijj feet has to be ov]come4 ,! drop f ! summit at ! #dh? mile-po/ out ( ,sew>d = a di/ance ( #f miles puzzl$ ! eng9e]s sorely4 ,six surveys _h to be run ?r\gh ?is %ort canyon1 & ev5 !n a grade ( less ?an d\ble ! #a 9 #ej 0 f\nd impracticable4 ,! configuration ( ! rift did n p]mit (ficial requirem5ts to be c>ri$ out ) economy4 ,ev5 ! grade twice t dem&$ 0 f\nd unatta9able )\t six tunnels & sev5 l>ge curves4 ,! survey 0 a p]il\s und]tak+ ow+ to ! extreme /eepness ( ! cliff-sides & ! vegetation cl++ to ! rocky face4 ,! rodm5 work+ ) ! survey p>ties _h to be slung 9 mid-air f ropes to enable ! requisite calculations to be made4 ,! difficulties ( ! survey 7 surpass$ by ^? ( con/ruction4 ,! v fir/ tunnel br\ght ?is home ) />tl+ vividity4 ,x is #gjj feet 9 l5g?1 & is almo/ entirely on a curve ( ab\t #djj feet radius burr[+ ?r\gh a project+ hump ( ! ma9 *a94 ,9 ord] to ga9 ! tunnel a broad sweep ( ! same radius z t ( ! tunnel curve _h to be made1 & ! two works toge!r =m two-?irds ( a circle4 ,b "o portal ( ! tunnel op5s out on ! br9k ( a precipice1 ! m\nta9-side fall+ away abruptly at t po9t4 ,s 9 ord] to c>ry ! l9e =w>d a huge artificial "w _h to be c>ri$ out4 ,?is is a timb] tre/le :i* con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ out/&+ features ( ! l9e4 ,f end to end x measures #a1bdj feet 9 l5g?1 :ile x v>ies 9 height f #dj to #ij feet1 "s ( ! outside memb]s be+ no less t #abj feet 9 l5g?4 ,ov] #a1jjj1jjj feet ( timb] 0 us$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! ext5t ( timb] tre/l+ ^u ?is railway _c fail to impress ! visitor4 ,9 ! valleys ! l9e is laid almo/ entirely ^u a wood5 grade1 ow+ to ! abs5ce ( /able solid gr\nd ^u :i* to raise embankm5ts1 :ile ! riv]s are spann$ by /eel bridges rang+ 9 span f #hj to #ajj feet 9 ! cle>4 ,z ! riv]s rise & fall consid]ably accord+ to ! season1 ! abutm5ts _h to be set well back f ! l[ *annel1 &1 moreov]1 _h to be protect$ heavily by pil+ to )/& ! sev]e sc\r+ t takes place :5 ! wat]ways are 9 flood & !y ru% along ) ! spe$ ( a cat>act4 ,m ?an #ej p] c5t4 ( ! "w ?r\gh ! canyon is tunnell+1 :i* aggregates #b1hjj feet out ( #d1hjj feet4 ,!re 0 no o!r way ( ov]com+ ! abrupt cliff-sides1 & b = ! rifts & clefts 9 _! flanks its ext5t w\ld h be5 great]4 ,?is 0 ! "w :i* occupi$ s mu* "t & consum$ s mu* money1 = ! rock 0 f\nd to be int5sely h>d4 ,/eam drill+ 0 attempt$ at fir/1 b ! temp]ature )9 ! bor+s rose s high z to become intol]able4 ,!re=e ?is plant _h to be disc>d$ 9 fav\r ( compress$ air drills4 ,) _! aid a hole #ba feet 9 height1 by #ad & #af feet 9 wid?1 to c>ry a s+le track1 0 hewn & bla/$ out4 ,! in/allation ( ! p[] plant to op]ate ! drills 0 a pretty problem4 ,x c\ld n be set up on ! same side ( ! canyon z ! bor+s 7 be+ made1 s _h to be rigg$ up at a conv5i5t po9t on ! opposite wall ne> ! upp] end ( ! gorge1 ! p[] be+ transmitt$ ?r\gh pip+4 ,9 ord] to c>ry ! latt] across ! gul* a tempor>y susp5sion bridge #acj feet long 0 erect$1 & z x 0 also employ$ = ! purpose ( convey+ mat]ials & m5 f "o cliff to ! o!r1 0 made heavi] ?an o!rwise4 ,9 addition to p]=at+ ! %\ld]s ( ! m\nta9s1 deep clefts 9 ! m\nta9 faces _h to be spann$ or masses ( ob/ruct+ rock _h to be bl[n out ( ! way4 ,9 "o in/ance !re 0 a c\loir :i* requir$ a #ij-;foot span bridge to cross f "o side to ! o!r1 :ile 9 ano!r case #cjj feet ( solid rock1 aggregat+ ov] #ej1jjj tons ( rock1 _h to be torn d[n to enable ! grade to proce$ f "o tunnel to ! o!r4 ,ab\t ?irte5 mon?s 7 requir$ to c>ry ! l9e ?r\gh ?is /ret* ( #d1hjj feet4 ,! /ruggles ) ! rock 7 equall$ by ! wre/les ) ,nature 9 ! valleys4 ,^! are to all int5ts & purposes b$s ( riv]s ^: b\nd>ies are ! bases ( ! m\nta9s on ei!r side4 ,z a result1 ! :ole ( ! depression is practically a swamp1 ) ! riv] cutt+ a tortu\s pa? app>5tly ?r\gh ! c5tre4 ,! ^w 8app>5tly0 is us$ because :at is ! ma9 *annel ( ! riv] to-day w be semi-dry l& probably next ye>1 because 9 ! flood season1 :5 ! riv]s are f$ by melt+ sn[s1 to spe$ along ) fi5di% velocity1 !y are j z likely z n to cut out an entirely new pa? ?r\gh ! s(t soil4 ,if ! railway embankm5t b>s its passage ! :ole ob/ruction is swept away4 ,hundr$s ( feet ( complet$ l9e h be5 demoli%$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,if ! ru%+ riv] is unable to break ?r\gh ! embankm5t x swirls ar\nd ! ob/ruction1 rapidly und]m9+ ! f\ndations1 ) ! result t a bad cave-9 ensues1 :i* is 9 e way z bad z a clean wa%-out1 except t p]haps ! railway metals & sleep]s c be retriev$4 ,ev5 ! m\nta9-sides1 solid ?\gh !y appe>1 are n free f ,nature's playful antics4 ,:5 ! spr+ sun comes r\nd & melts heavy masses ( sn[ on ! high] levels !re is tr\ble loom+ bel[4 ,! sn[ slips on ! cre/4 ,ga!r+ impetus ) e succe$+ foot 9 its desc5t1 ! avalan*e picks up b\ld]s1 trees & o!r debris1 to hurl !m ) t]rific =ce aga9/ ! h&iwork ( man1 wip+ x completely out ( exi/5ce4 ,"o slide caught ! un=tunate railway 9 ?is mann]1 tore up #a1bjj feet ( p]man5t way1 & ?rew x1 a twi/$ mass ( iron & spl9t]$ timb]1 a ?ird ( a mile away4 ,consid]+ ! ov]:elm+ odds aga9/ :i* ! eng9e] 0 pitt$1 x is n surpris+ t "w 0 br\ght to a /&/ill4 ,! situation 0 summ$ up v graphically by "o ( ! eng9e]s :om ,i met4 8,if ,nature w\ld only leave u alone once we h built ! l9e1 we %\ld n c>e :at k9d ( fight %e put up aga9/ u to delay our advance4 ,b all ! money :i* c\ld be devot$ to new con/ruction is dev\r$ 9 rebuild+ track :i* is ei!r wa%$ away or buri$40 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,holy ,,railway ,,to ,,mecca ,:ile ! majority ( railways are con/ruct$ to meet ! exig5cies ( comm]ce1 & occasionally f consid]ations ( milit>y /rategy1 !re is "o /rik+ in/ance ( a l9e be+ built expressly = religi\s purposes4 ,?is is ! ,h$jaz railway1 :i* /ret*es its s9u\s1 glitt]+ arm ( /eel f ,damascus = ne>ly #ajjj miles s\?w>ds ?r\gh ! inhospitable des]ts ( ,pale/9e & ,arabia to ,mecca & ,m$9a1 ! sacr$ cities ( ! ,moslem fai?4 ,! railway 0 built entirely by ,mahomm$ans = ,mahomm$ans1 e p5ny requir$ = ! s*eme be+ subscrib$ by ! memb]s ( ?is va/ sect4 ,e memb] ( ! ,fai?ful *]i%es "o ambition 9 life--to make ! 8,hadj10 or ,sacr$ ,j\rney to ! cradle & %r9e ( ! ,prophet4 ,a few ye>s ago ?is 0 an und]tak+ f :i* all b ^? bl9d$ by religi\s f]v\r %rank4 ,! j\rney _h to be complet$ afoot1 by camel or c>avan1 accord+ to ! f9ancial /atus ( ! pilgrim2 b :atev] me?od ( transit 0 fav\r$1 ! self-same dang]s prevail$1 ?\gh obvi\sly !y 7 exp]i5c$ mo/ sev]ely by ^? :o 7 compell$ to h rec\rse to ,%anks' ,pony4 ,! r\te ext5d$ ?r\gh practically un9habit$1 /]ile pla9s1 ^u :i* ! sun beat d[n m]cilessly1 & ! heat ov]head 0 only equall$ by t reflect$ f ! gl>+ s&1 :i* bli/]$ ! feet & imp>t$ a fi]y1 madd5+ ?ir/4 ,food & wat] _h to be c>ri$ by ! pilgrim1 because no su/5ance c\ld be obta9$ by ! wayside4 ,ev5 ! welcome oases1 ) _! refre%+1 cool+ rills & pools ( wat] b5ea? ! %ade ( ! palms1 are few & f> betwe54 ,to ! dang]s ( hung]1 ?ir/ & physical exhau/ion !re _h to be includ$ ^? f ! attacks ( ! m>aud+ ,b$\9s1 :o hung on ! sides ( ! ov]l& r\te1 ev] on ! look-out to despoil ! travell]4 ,^! brig&s 7 mo/ d>+ & f]oci\s 9 _! depr$ations4 ,!y robb$ ! pilgrim ( all he possess$1 & if 8 pov]ty result$ 9 a meagre rew>d = _! attack1 !y bludgeon$ him m]cilessly = n be+ bett] provid$ ) ?is _w's goods1 & left him ble$+ & dy+ 9 ! sun4 ,e ye> hundr$s ( pilgrims paid ! p5alty = _! zeal4 ,!y set out f ,damascus on _! mission ( duty & fai? nev] to return4 ,s p[]less 0 ! ,ottoman ,gov]nm5t t ^! rel5tless nomads pursu$ _! life ( brig&age & prey+ on ! pilgrims un*eck$ & )\t fe> ( puni%m5t4 ,! ,h$jaz railway 0 conceiv$ 9 ord] to remove ^! p]ils & privations4 ,:5 ! ,sultan publi%$ ! details ( 8 idea x 0 hail$ ) unalloy$ en?usiasm by e ,mahomm$an ?r\gh\t ! _w1 & "o & all contribut$ t[>ds ! fur!rance ( ! s*eme4 ,! fulfilm5t ( ?is ent]prise w always rank z a magnific5t a*ievem5t 9 ! romance ( railway eng9e]+2 ! me?ods by :i* ! num]\s ob/acles 7 brok5 d[n z !y arose contribute fasc9at+ incid5ts to a ?rill+ /ory4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t approximately #ajjj miles ( metals _h to be laid ?r\gh "s ( ! mo/ /]ile & difficult c\ntry on ! globe2 t "s #djjj bridges1 viaducts & tunnels _h to be built to span ru%+ riv]s1 yawn+ *asms1 & to p5etrate precipit\s bluffs2 t sudd5 drops _h to be made f highl&s to valleys1 & equally /eep asc5ts f depressions to plateaus1 !n a fa9t idea ( ! =midable "* ( ! und]tak+ may be ga!r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,helladjian ,a ,,/rik+ ,,piece ,,( ,,railway ,,build+ ,,9 ,,! ,,y>muk ,,gorge ,! railway track is hewn out ( ! cliff1 sw+s r\nd ! head ( ! gorge & reappe>s on ! opposite side4 ,= mon?s ! con/ructional eng9e]s 7 buri$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! bit+1 scor*+ & driv+ s&1 q isolat$ f ! outside _w1 ! clang ( ! tools be+ ! only s\nd break+ a sil5ce s int5se t x c\ld be felt4 ,occasionally ! news filt]$ ?r\gh t ! implacable nomads roam+ ! swelt]+ pla9s _h swoop$ d[n ^u ! camps & t a desp]ate h&-to-h& /ruggle _h be5 wag$4 ,m9ute details 7 n v\*saf$1 = su* incid5ts became s frequ5t z to become monoton\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,bird',s-,,eye ,,view ,,( ,a ,,*asm ,,9 ,,pale/9e1 ,,?r\gh ,,:i* ,,! ,,l9e ,,foll[s ,a ,,w9d+ ,,pa? ,,on ,,! ,,left ,illu/ration3 ,photos1 ,helladjian ,a ,,masonry ,,bridge ,,on ,,! ,,holy ,,railway1 ,,%[+ ,,solidity ,,( ,,con/ruction ,,& ,,m\nta9\s ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntry ,yet ! au?orities sc>cely anticipat$ t ^! m>aud]s w\ld wage su* a rel5tless w> aga9/ ! advance ( ! railway z did ev5tually come to pass4 ,yet x 0 n surpris+4 ,! ,b$\9s realis$ t ! completion ( ! railway w\ld br+ _! life ( pillage & murd] to an end1 & accord+ly !y *all5g$ e foot ( its advance4 ,sometimes !y won1 massacr$ ! encampm5t1 & de/roy$ ! l9e = "s di/ance2 at o!rs !y lo/ & 7 r\t$ "r & left4 ,! /ory ( ! ,mahdi's opposition to ! ,briti% p5etration ( ,egypt 0 repeat$ 9 ,pale/9e & ,arabia1 only1 if any?+1 ) m det]m9$ fury4 ,! soldi]s work$ ) _! arms beside !m1 & protect$ by a l9e ( gu>ds ?r[n out "s di/ance ar\nd ! railhead4 ,! milit>y comm&ant 0 giv5 a free h& to keep back ! savage tribes 9 su* a mann] z he consid]$ exp$i5t1 9 ord] to p]mit ! eng9e]s to lay ! metals z fa/ z possible1 & )\t fe> ( be+ mole/$4 ,:5 ! "w 0 inaugurat$ ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t appo9t$ a /rong man to ! comm& ( ! protective troops4 ,x 0 a responsible & dang]\s position1 = ! au?orities recognis$ f bitt] exp]i5ce ! implacable fury ( ^! tribesm5 :5 fully r\s$4 ,field-,m>%al ,kaisim ,pa%a 0 appo9t$ to ! milit>y director%ip1 & he prov$ ! "r man 9 ! "r place4 ,8 reputation & grim det]m9ation to subdue lawlessness 7 well kn[n to ! b&its1 & ! ,gov]nm5t hop$ t 8 appo9tm5t to ! protection ( ! ent]prise w\ld /rike t]ror into ! he>ts ( ! ,b$\9s4 ,b f> f x4 ,x appe>$ to urge !m to great] d>+1 & !y hung on 8 flanks rel5tlessly1 cutt+ (f /raggl]s ru?lessly1 & keep+ him con/antly on ! al]t4 ,! ,field-,m>%al 0 kept 9 a /ate ( p]petual anxiety1 because he nev] knew ^u :i* side or :]e he w\ld be attack$ next4 ,bru%es 7 almo/ ( daily occurr5ce1 & ! success ( "o side or ! o!r fluctuat$ l a b>omet]4 ,once ! nomads caught ,kaisim ,pa%a at a heavy disadvantage4 ,! navvies & eng9e]s 7 busy at "w z usual on ! p]man5t way1 ) ! milit>y outpo/ ?r[n well out on all sides4 ,sudd5ly !re 0 a savage1 he>t-r5d+ yell1 & ! des]t became alive ) ! sw>?y1 active & p[]ful1 infuriat$ b&its4 ,9 an irresi/ible wave !y swept d[n ^u ! railhead4 ,! outpo/s /ood _! gr\nd1 b !y 7 ov]:elm$ 9 ! ru%4 ,! ,field-,m>%al hurri$ly call$ "o & all to arms4 ,! navvies ?rew d[n _! hamm]s1 pick-axes1 %ovels1 & o!r tools1 grabb$ _! rifles1 & support$ ! soldi]s4 ,b !re 0 no /emm+ t savage1 ru%+ horde4 ,! tribesm5 fanatically ?rew !mselves ^u ! position1 & to su* advantage t ! comm&] 0 compell$ to retire1 leav+ #ajj dead ^u ! field4 ,con/ruction 0 arre/$ completely = a "t4 ,! b&its1 inspir$ ) _! initial success1 hung ab\t1 & at ! slighte/ attempt at a sally1 conc5trat$ & bore d[n1 driv+ ! soldi]s back4 ,! situation became s critical t ,kaisim ,pa%a det]m9$ to tea* ! nomads a sev]e lesson once & = all4 ,he hurri$ly s5t home = re9=cem5ts1 toge!r ) t5 battalions ( artill]y1 :i* 7 despat*$ po/-ha/e to 8 assi/ance4 ,:5 8 =ces 7 /r5g!n$ suffici5tly he issu$ =?1 & 9 turn caught ! nomads by surprise4 ,! soldi]s1 :o _h be5 *af+ "u ! rev]se !y _h suff]$ & _! prolong$ inability to rev5ge _! fall5 comrades1 seiz$ ! opportunity & c>ri$ home ! attack ) spirit$ en]gy4 ,= a "t ! b&its /ood _! gr\nd1 (f]+ a /ubborn resi/ance4 ,! artill]y %ell$ !m out ( _! entr5*m5ts1 & ! mod]n ma*9e-guns & magaz9e rifles s swept !m d[n :5 !y v5tur$ into ! op51 t at la/ !y broke _! ranks & fl$ 9 disord]4 ,! ,turks pursu$ & scatt]$ _! enemy to ! f\r w9ds4 ,! ,b$\9 losses 7 trem5d\s1 & _! ranks 7 cut up s completely1 & _! organisation 0 s cru%$1 t no fur!r conc]t$ action 0 tak5 to dispute ! advance ( ! l9e to ,mecca4 ,occasionally raids 7 made ^u /ations & complet$ sections1 b su* attacks 7 f\nd to be attributable to indep5d5t1 irresponsible units4 ,comp>ative tranquillity prevail$ until ! la/ division connect+ ! sacr$ cities ) ! ,r$ ,sea 0 tak5 9 h&1 & !n "o day ! tribesm5 made ano!r raid1 wip+ out ! :ole ( ! con/ructional =ces4 ,:5 ! l9e 0 comm5c$1 ,h4 ,meissn] ,pa%a1 ! ent]pris+ ,g]man eng9e] select$ to c>ry out ! s*eme1 0 giv5 simply ! two t]m9als ( ! l9e--,damascus & ,mecca--r\ghly #ajjj miles ap>t1 & in/ruct$ to connect !m by rail z be/ he c\ld4 ,x is to ,meissn] ,pa%a1 !re=e1 t ! full cr$it ( c>ry+ ! l9e to success mu/ be ext5d$1 = ^u 8 %\ld]s fell ! brunt ( ! "w4 ,he _h to plot its pa?1 _h to be at ! railhead to evolve a solution = a problem z x arose1 & _h to =ce 8 way ?r\gh1 ov]1 or ar\nd ob/acles z !y confront$ him4 ,9 ?is task he display$ consid]able +5uity & res\rce1 :ile he appe>$ to be possess$ ( tireless en]gy4 ,! h&l+ ( huge corps ( m5 ( v>y+ nationalities--,turks1 ,mont5egr9s1 ,greeks1 ,cretans1 ,b$\9s1 & s on--0 no simple matt] 9 itself1 b he possess$ ! happy faculty ( infus+ all :o work$ "u him ) 8 own en?usiasm & ambition to get ! l9e complet$ 9 ! %orte/ possible "t4 ,9 addition to ^! duties ( an ess5tially te*nical "*1 he _h to att5d to e want ( 8 workm54 ,e drop ( wat]1 e ounce ( food1 ( /ores1 provisions1 fuel & s =? _h to be haul$ ov] enorm\s di/ances1 & 9 ! dep?s ( ! des]t ! "w ( ma9ta9+ ^! supplies became /up5d\s4 ,ow+ to 8 spl5did organisation1 h[ev]1 8 mo/ advanc$ outpo/s nev] once ran %ort ( any ( ! necess>ies ( life4 ,! monum5tal features ( ,meissn] ,pa%a's con/ructional +5uity1 h[ev]1 are illu/rat$ 9 ! rem>kable s]ies ( tunnels1 bridges1 loops & w9d+s by :i* ! railway is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! ,y>muk valley 9 ,pale/9e betwe5 ! ,jordan & ,d]aa1 & ! negotiation ( ! esc>pm5t s\? ( ,ma'an1 :]e ! l9e1 aft] climb+ ! plateau to a height ( #c1gjj feet above sea-level1 drops sudd5ly into a yawn+ rav9e4 ,damascus 0 select$ z ! />t+-po9t = ! railway1 & ! gauge ( ! l9e ext5d+ nor?w>ds f ?is t]m9us 0 adopt$4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 ! v>i\s int]m$iate l9ks 9 ! railway *a9 ( nor!rn ,asia ,m9or are connect$ up1 x w be possible to run f ,con/ant9ople to ! sacr$ cities )\t *ange ( c>riage4 ,! r\te select$ by ! eng9e] is practically ! %orte/ possible betwe5 ! two opposite po9ts1 & runs r\ghly p>allel ) ! fam\s c5turies-old c>avan r\te4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,helladjian ,a ,,heavy ,,/eel ,,bridge ,,9 ,,c\rse ,,( ,,erection ,,betwe5 ,,haifa ,,& ,,d]aa1 ,,! ,,bran* ,,f ,,! ,,ma9 ,,sacr$ ,,l9e ,,to ,,! ,,%ores ,,( ,,! ,,m$it]ranean ,,sea ,x 0 felt1 h[ev]1 al?\gh ,damascus %\ld be ! nom9al nor!rn t]m9us1 t x w\ld be m advantage\s f all po9ts ( view to connect ! railway ) ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 s z to secure an indep5d5t outlet1 & "o m conv5i5t = ! h&l+ ( ! con/ructional mat]ial ?an ,beirut4 ,! port select$ = ?is purpose 0 ,haifa1 on ! ,bay ( ,acre4 ,?is sea bran* runs inl& broadly at "r angles ) ! ma9 l9e = a di/ance ( ab\t #ajj miles1 ! junction be+ at ,d]aa4 ,9 build+ ?is section1 h[ev]1 _m ab/ruse problems _h to be unravell$1 especially 9 ! desolate valley ( ! ,y>muk4 ,"h ! l9e runs along n>r[ l$ges cut 9 ! m\nta9-side1 plunges ?r\gh massive %\ld]s1 compasses precipit\s bluffs1 w9ds f "o side ( ! gorge to ! o!r1 & crosses deep *asms by means ( heavy masonry & metal bridges4 ,9 ?is /ret* ! ,riv] ,jordan is cross$ by a noble /one bridge ( five ar*es--! only railway bridge across ?is sacr$ riv]--"s di/ance bel[ its fl[ f ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,helladjian ,,! ,,eng9e]+ ,,wond] ,,( ,,! ,,h$jaz ,,railway--,,! ,,sudd5 ,,desc5t ,,into 8,,! ,,devil',s ,,belly0 ,! sub/antial "* ( ?is railway is a feature t mo/ impresses ! visitor4 ,! bridges & viaducts are p]man5t /ructures wr\ght 9 /one or /eel4 ,ample supplies ( ! =m] mat]ial 7 f\nd 9 ! m\nta9-sides4 ,! /eel /ructures are ( massive & l(ty proportions1 & = ! mo/ "p are support$ ^u heavy masonry pi]s c>ri$ deeply d[n into ! b$s ( ! riv]s1 s t ! possibility ( ! f\ndations be+ und]m9$ by ! sc\r+ action ( ! swiftly-ru%+ wat]s is elim9at$4 ,9 trav]s+ ,pale/9e1 ! railway foll[s practically a /raight l9e f ,d]aa to ,ma'an1 "s #bej miles to ! s\?1 & runs r\ghly p>allel ) ! ,riv] ,jordan1 :i* is "s miles to ! we/1 :ile on ! ea/ /ret*es ! va/ ,/oney ,pla9 to ! valleys ( ! ,tigris & ,euphrates4 ,tak5 on ! :ole1 ^! #bej miles 7 complet$ v rapidly1 z !re 7 no adv]se physical difficulties to be ov]come4 ,x 0 aft] leav+ ,ma'an to p5etrate ! wild & b little-kn[n ,h$jaz ,p59sula t ! eng9e]'s bitt]e/ /ruggle = ma/]y ov] ,nature began4 ,x 0 z if ! my?ical ,g5ii ( ! ,lamp1 res5t+ ! unlock+ ( ! door to _! k+dom1 comb9$ 9 _! ef=ts to baffle ! railway eng9e]4 ,ow+ to ! rugg$ "* ( ! c\ntry ! *anges 9 level are frequ5t & heavy1 v>y+ f #bjj or #cjj feet bel[1 to ne>ly #djjj feet above1 ! level ( ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,!re are few ma9 l9es 9 any "p ( ! _w t rise & fall s ext5sively & cont9u\sly4 ,=tunately1 9 =c+ ! b& ( /eel ?r\gh ?is wild c\ntry1 ! eng9e] 0 able to proce$ :]e he lik$4 ,x is simply a va/1 sil5t wa/e ( s&1 ) ! rocks & m\nta9s jutt+ _! heads to ! sky z ! isl& eyries ( ! sea f[l rise f ! sea4 ,a deviation ( a few hundr$ feet to ! ea/ or we/ ( ! air-l9e to avoid a sauc]-l depression1 ) its heavy gradi5ts1 0 q immat]ial4 ,yet ev5 ) ^! advantages x 0 n possible always to avoid %>p curves & c\nt]-curves1 heavy embankm5ts1 or ! bla/+ ( deep cutt+s ?r\gh l>ge clumps ( rocks4 ,! eng9e] c>ri$ 8 l9e s\? ( ,ma'an /eadily upw>ds along ! longitud9al ridge ( a plateau1 until at la/ he ga9$ an altitude ( #c1gjj feet4 ,!n ! bank dropp$ %e] into a picturesque wild *asm kn[n z ,batn-el-,gh\l1 or 8! ,devil's ,belly40 ,! l9e rea*$ ! br9k ( ! precipice4 ,f !re x _h to be c>ri$ to ! b$ ( ! rav9e :i* incl9es to ,tabuk1 ! next important po9t on ! railway4 ,b h[ 0 t gorge to be ent]$8 h[ c\ld ! l[] level be ga9$8 ,a det\r s z to avoid ! esc>pm5t 0 impossible1 z ! ridge /ret*$ = miles on ei!r h&4 ,meissn] ,pa%a hurri$ to ! railhead4 ,he survey$ e foot ( gr\nd 9 ! vic9ity1 at "o "t cl++ t5aci\sly to a crag2 at ano!r be+ swung ov] a cliff by a rope2 !n p]*$ on a jagg$ p9nacle eag]ly se>*+ = "s solution ( 8 difficulty4 ,he trav]s$ ! pilgrim road1 :i* is b a m]e trail dropp+ into ! valley 9 a s]ies ( /eep /eps1 "t aft] "t4 ,! railway c\ld n be c>ri$ p>allel ) ! c>avan road--t 0 p]fectly obvi\s4 ,! l9e ( ! ov]l& r\te1 :i* _h = s long be5 a reliable guide1 n[ des]t$ him4 ,b ! eng9e] refus$ to be daunt$1 & aft] prolong$ reconnoitr+ he f9ally evolv$ a rem>kable project1 :i* prov$ a highly successful solution4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,helladjian ,,! ,,railway ,,9 ,,! ,,doma9 ,,( ,,! ,,g5ii ,! l9e is to ! "r4 ,! fanta/ic %apes ( ! ,arabian m\nta9s are reveal$ 9 a /rik+ mann]4 ,a railway camp 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,z he c\ld n c>ry ! l9e /raight d[n into ! valley1 he devis$ a k9d ( spiral1 9 :i* ! railway effects :at may be be/ describ$ z a 8corkscrew0 d[n ! cliff face4 ,f ! br9k ( ! rav9e x makes a g5tle fall1 ! l9e cl++ to ! precipices on a gall]y cut = ! purpose4 ,aft] desc5d+ = "s di/ance1 x sudd5ly describes a %>p curve & w9ds back aga94 ,!n comes ano!r loop & ano!r r$\ble1 ?is me&]+ be+ cont9u$ until ! b$ ( ! rav9e is ga9$4 ,x is an +5i\s piece ( "w1 & w rank always z "o ( ! mo/ prom95t wond]s ( ! railway1 z well z a monum5t to ! eng9e]'s +5uity4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,helladjian ,,! ,,lonely ,,pa? ,,( ,,! ,,pilgrim',s ,,l9e ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,sil5t1 ,,rocky ,,& ,,s&y ,,wa/es ,,( ,,arabia ,its realisation1 h[ev]1 involv$ a trem5d\s /ruggle4 ,! m\nta9-sides are sc>r$ & c>v$ by ! elem5ts into mo/ fanta/ic %apes1 ) ugly1 project+ spurs4 ,^! _h to be bla/$ away1 n>r[ l$ges or %elves 9 ! cliff-face wid5$ or cut to c>ry ! metallic pa?1 deep rifts fill$ 9 or spann$1 & isolat$ peaks1 lift+ _! jagg$ nose into ! sky l gaunt s5t9els1 avoid$4 ,?is rav9e is a /rik+ & curi\s specim5 ( ! h&iwork ( ,nature4 ,!re is n a ve/ige ( vegetation1 & all life is ext9ct4 ,! masses ( rock1 turn$ into grotesque %apes by ! la! ( ,nature1 /& out %>ply & boldly def9$ aga9/ ! sky-l9e1 ow+ to ! cle>ness ( ! atmosph]e4 ,!y h a peculi> beauty1 _! weird *>m be+ acc5tuat$ by ! vivid contra/+ col\r+s ( ! v>i\s geological /rata /&+ out 9 di/9ct l9es4 ,look+ d[n f ! br9k ( ! gorge1 9 ! gl>e ( ! noonday sun or ! s(t light ( ! sunrise or sunset1 ! floor ( ! valley resembles a huge ,p]sian c>pet1 ) its int5se multitud9\s hues4 ,!re is a sudd5 *ange f ?is natural ,ori5tal spl5d\r ( ,nature aft] ! rav9e is left1 = ! railway passes ov] a dre>y1 swelt]+ pla9 until ,tabuk1 ! half-way h\se betwe5 ,damascus & ,mecca1 is ga9$4 ,!n comes ano!r /eady climb ?r\gh simil> c\ntry until ! summit level ( ! :ole l9e is ga9$--#c1gej feet above sea-level1 :i* po9t also records ! high-wat] m>k ( ! difficulties t _h to be ov]come4 ,! #ehg? mile-po/ at ,m$9a ,saleh indicates ! mo/ s\!rly po9t to :i* ! ,infidel is p]mitt$ to travel ov] ?is railway4 ,ev5 ,meissn] ,pa%a & 8 /aff ( eng9e]s :o 7 n 9 ! ranks ( ! ,fai?ful did n proce$ f>!r t[>ds ,mecca4 ,x 0 felt t ,mahomm$ans1 & ,mahomm$ans alone1 %\ld h ! glory ( c>ry+ ! metals into ! ,sacr$ ,city4 ,x 0 also fe>$ t ! pres5ce ( infidels 9 ! vic9ity ( ! sc5e ( ! ,prophet's nativity1 despite _! mission1 possibly might inflame religi\s prejudices4 ,consequ5tly1 ,meissn] ,pa%a h&$ ov] ! re9s to 8 fir/ lieut5ant1 ,mukt> ,bey1 ! accompli%$ ,turki% eng9e] :o _h assi/$ him loyally 9 ! op]ations up to ?is po9t4 ,simil>ly1 all b ,mahomm$an workm5 7 )drawn f ! railhead4 ,! ,ottoman eng9e]1 fir$ ) 8 =m] *ief's en?usiasm & en]gy1 pu%$ =w>d at tip-top pressure1 & ! bla/ ( ! railway-:i/le 0 he>d among ! mosques & palms ( ! ,sacr$ ,city = ! fir/ "t e>ly 9 ,augu/1 #aijh4 ,! railway is up-to-date 9 e respect4 ,! c>riages are ( ! corridor type1 & ! pilgrim :o has suff]$ ! rig\rs ( ! we>isome ov]l& j\rney c appreciate ! luxury1 ease & com=t ( ! ,pullman c>4 ,! locomotives are also p[]ful creations ( ! eng9e-build]'s craft4 ,ow+ to ! difficulties att5d+ ! supply ( wat] & fuel along ! l9e1 ! eng9es are equipp$ ) abnormal facilities 9 ?is direction1 ! l>ge/ & mo/ p[]ful types c>ry+ #djjj gallons ( wat]4 ,! /ations are sub/antial 9 "*1 be+ built ( /one1 s z to (f] defiance to ,arabs1 :o _c /ifle ! desire to raid n[ & aga94 ,at ,damascus ext5sive works1 cov]+ an area ( #ac1jjj squ>e feet1 h be5 laid d[n = c>ry+ out repairs to eng9es & roll+-/ock1 ! work%ops be+ fitt$ ) ! mo/ up-to-date "t- & lab\r-sav+ ma*9]y4 ,:5 ,m$9a 0 br\ght into t\* ) ,damascus1 & ! widespread advantages pres5t$ by ! railway became appreciat$1 x 0 decid$ to pu% ! l9e to ,mecca1 #cjj miles di/ant4 ,mukt> ,bey 0 detail$ to control ^! op]ations1 &1 e/abli%+ a subsidi>y base at ,m$9a1 he proce$$ ) ! ext5sion )\t delay4 ,un=tunately1 on ?is f9al division ! native tribes broke into ho/ility once m1 & resum$ _! brig& tactics ) r5ew$ c\rage4 ,on "o occasion !y completely ov]:elm$ ! con/ructional camp1 massacr$ all ! workm51 & delay$ con/ruction until troops c\ld be br\ght up to =ce _! )drawal to a safe di/ance4 ,consid]+ ! magnitude ( ?is s*eme1 its completion = ab\t #c1jjj1jjj 7#ae1jjj1jjj71 or approximately #cjjj 7#ae1jjj7 p] mile1 is /rik+ly *eap4 ,?is l[ co/1 h[ev]1 is explicable f ! fact t ! ,turki% milit>y play$ a v important "p 9 its con/ruction1 z _m z #ejjj soldi]s be+ conc5trat$ on ! task at "o "t4 ,! masonry "w1 /eel bridges & g5]al e>?works 7 und]tak5 by lab\r recruit$ f all p>ts1 only "o bridge & "o heavy cutt+ be+ built by ! troops1 :o = ! mo/ "p 7 occupi$ 9 apply+ ! f9i%+ t\*es to ! p]man5t way & platelay+4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,highe/ ,,l9e ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,:ile ,europe (f]s ! mo/ graphic illu/rations ( ! eng9e]'s skill & +5uity 9 ov]com+ rugg$ m\nta9s by tunnell+ ?r\gh _! bases1 "o mu/ g to ,s\? ,am]ica to discov] ! extraord9>y me?ods he has adopt$ to negotiate simil> ob/ructions by trav]s+ _! l(ty cre/s4 ,x seems some:at /range1 at fir/ sight1 t ! 8l& ( to-morr[0 %\ld h be5 ! sc5e ( su* demon/rations ( g5ius1 b :5 ! incalculable m9]al weal? buri$ 9 ! ,&es is recall$1 mu* ( ?is surprise disappe>s4 ,! majority ( ! great m\nta9 *a9s ( ! _w appe> puny 9 comp>ison ) ! mighty s]rat$ backbone ( ! s\!rn half ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 :i* runs f ! equator s\?w>ds to tumble abruptly into ! sea at ,cape ,horn4 ,mont ,blanc & o!r fam\s ho>y ,european mon>*s are insignificant beside ,aconcagua & _m o!r sn[-clad peaks beetl+ to ! skies 9 its vic9ity4 ,! ,cordill]as pres5t a compress$ phalanx ( p9nacles runn+ 9 a fairly /raight1 ev51 & n>r[ l9e4 ,z ! equator is approa*$ ! ne$le po9ts tap] to bluntly r\nd$ & roll+ heads1 b ! g5]al con=mation is ! same4 ,! result is t ! slopes are v /eep1 & to c>ry a railway ?r\gh ! mass entails tortu\s w9d+ among ! cones1 ) /eep gradi5ts & tunnels ?r\gh massive ob/ructions ( rock4 ,! cliffs ( ! ,&es are probably unequall$ 9 m\nta9 topography = /eepness & height1 ! flanks 9 places dropp+ d[n plumb = sev]al ?\s& feet4 ,!re is ano!r peculi> *>act]i/ic :i* sev]ely taxes ! skill ( ! eng9e]4 ,! range ?ru/s itself skyw>ds v closely to ! ,pacific seabo>d1 s t ! climb comm5ces directly ! coa/ is left1 & ! maximum heights h to be ga9$ )9 comp>atively %ort di/ances4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! case ( ! ,oroya l9e1 :i* is ! railway wond] ( ! _w1 ! travell] l&+ at ,callao1 9 ord] to rea* ,oroya1 #ach miles inl&1 has to toil #ae1hfe feet t[>ds ! cl\ds 9 ! c\rse ( #ajg miles--"o ( ! highe/ po9ts at :i* ! pi/on ( a railway eng9e ?robs4 ,?is ,s\? ,am]ican l9e is n an ord9>y m\nta9 railway3 x is an audaci\s m>vel ( eng9e]+ sci5ce4 ,nor does x m]ely (f] facilities = sight-see+ among ! impressive ,cordill]as1 b acts z a traffic highway betwe5 ! coa/ & ! m9es on ! high inl& plateau4 ,z might be suppos$1 ! difficulties :i* ! eng9e]s _h to break d[n 7 num]\s & /up5d\s4 ,moreov]1 ! "w 0 extremely co/ly4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,oroya road x av]ag$ ab\t #fj1jjj1 or #cjj1jjj1 p] mile1 & altoge!r #h1ejj1jjj 7#db1ejj1jjj7 7 sunk 9 ! ent]prise--m ?an ! total co/ ( ! ,/4 ,got?>d railway1 ) its fam\s tunnel & #agb miles ( track4 ,! fir/ attempt to subjugate ?is range by ! iron road 0 made 9 ! 'sixties by a d>+ ,philadelphia eng9e]1 ,h5ry ,meiggs4 ,8 idea 0 ambiti\s 9 ! extreme4 ,he propos$ to />t f ,callao1 lift ! metals ov] ! cre/s ( ! m\nta9s1 drop d[n ! o!r side on to ! highl&s1 & to pu% across ! plateau until he ga9$ a po9t on ! mighty ,amazon :i* c\ld be rea*$ by /eam] f ! ,atlantic4 ,by ?is means ! ,pacific seaports ( ,s\? ,am]ica w\ld be br\ght into clos] t\* ) ! m>kets ( ! ,old ,_w1 avoid+ ! protract$ & haz>d\s j\rney r\nd ,cape ,horn4 ,t ! idea 0 nev] c>ri$ to success 0 "o ( ! sorry tricks ( ,fate4 ,int]nec9e /rife & w>s ) neighb\r+ /ates sapp$ ! f9ancial /r5g? ( ,p]u to su* an ext5t t !re 0 n en\gh money to complete ?is gr& s*eme4 ,possibly "s day ! /eel ?read w be pick$ up aga9 at ,oroya & =c$ to its orig9al objective4 ,= ! fir/ #ajg miles ?is railway makes a cont9ual asc5t2 !re is n a s+le foot ( d[nhill 9 ! :ole di/ance4 ,"w 0 comm5c$ 9 #ahgj1 & 0 pu%$ =w>d s en]getically t 9 ! c\rse ( twelve mon?s ,meiggs _h complet$ #bj miles ( ! l9e1 & _h ! e>?works well advanc$ z f> z ,*osica1 "s #cc miles out ( ,callao4 ,9 ord] to ease 8 task z mu* z possible1 ! eng9e] decid$ to foll[ ! ,rimac ,riv] into ! m\nta9s4 ,b z ! inn]mo/ recesses ( ! ,cordill]as are ga9$1 ! riv] n>r[s consid]ably1 until x plunges m]ely ?r\gh a sl5d] defile1 ! walls ( ! peaks dropp+ d[n precipit\sly into ! wat]4 ,! result 0 t ! eng9e] f\nd x v difficult to f9d a natural lane = 8 metals1 s he _h to hew & bla/ gall]ies1 to sw+ fir/ f "o bank to ! o!r1 9 ord] to seize ! slighte/ foo?old4 ,he _h plung$ #dg miles into ! m\nta9s & _h ga9$ an altitude ( ab\t "o mile1 :5 he 0 br\ght to a dead /op4 ,! m\nta9 along :i* he _h crawl$ labori\sly broke (f abruptly4 ,fur!r advance 0 impossible4 ,to h cut a tunnel w\ld h be5 a h]culean task1 & z ! m\nta9 wall dropp$ /raight d[n bel[1 & t[]$ to a dizzy height above him1 he f\nd himself 9 a qu&>y4 ,a few feet imm$iately above him1 h[ev]1 he espi$ a l$ge runn+ p>allel ) t on :i* he _h laid 8 track4 ,he resolv$ to ga9 t upp] gall]y1 b ! crucial "q 01 ,h[8 ,!n he hit ^u a brilliant idea4 ,x 0 some?+ new & untri$ 9 railway eng9e]+1 b z he _h already te/$ all exi/+ me?ods to ga9 ! po9t at :i* he n[ /ood1 !re 0 no alt]native b to devise new ways & means ( ov]com+ p]plex+ situations z !y arose1 despite ! app>5t novelty ( ! solutions4 ,he resolv$ to lift ! track f ! l[] to ! upp] l$ge by a 8,v-swit*40 ,illu/ration3 ,,meiggs' ,,ma/]piece--,,! ,v-,,swit*1 ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,:i* ,,! ,,railway ,,is ,,lift$ ,,f ,,"o ,,level ,,to ,,ano!r1 ,,%[+ ,,turntable ,,& ,,me?od ,,( ,,op]ation ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,infi]nillo ,,bridge ,x is approa*$ at ei!r end ?r\gh a tunnel1 & ow+ to ! precipit\s cliffs ! m5 _h to be slung out f ! sides 9 rope loops & cradles to set ! /eel4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,horse%oe ,,curve ,,9 ,a ,,tunnel ,! tra9 ent]s ! l[] m\?1 describes a semicircul> turn 9 ! he>t ( ! m\nta91 & em]ges f ! upp] portal4 ,! embankm5t on ! outside ( ! track at ! po9t he _h ga9$ 0 levell$ (f1 & a small turntable 0 erect$4 ,f ! latt] two %ort l9es 7 laid d[n at an angle to ! track 9 ! =m ( a widely op5$ 8,v10 ) ! turntable at ! apex4 ,! ma9 l9e cuts across ! top ( ! 8,v10 =m+ a triangle1 & cont9ues a %ort di/ance beyond4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! tra9 is lift$ f ! "o level to ! o!r is z foll[s4 ,! eng9e pulls x up ! l[] l9e on to ! section cross+ ! top ( ! ,v1 & 9 su* a way z to be betwe5 its two angul> limbs4 ,! eng9e is unc\pl$1 & runs d[n "o leg ( ! ,v on to ! turntable1 :i* is !n swung r\nd until ! eng9e faces ! o!r arm ( ! ,v1 up :i* x passes until x ga9s ! ma9 l9e4 ,x is n[ at ! re> ( ! tra9 :i* x 0 pull+ a few m9utes be=e4 ,! eng9e is c\pl$ up1 & ! tra9 is pu%$ backw>ds until x is ov] ! swit* connect+ ) ! upp] level4 ,x !n proce$s =w>d 9 ! usual mann]4 ,9 reality x makes a zigzag c\rse up ! m\nta9-side4 ,?is +5i\s means ( ov]com+ su* a difficulty 0 tri$ fir/ at ,san ,b>?olom1 & prov$ s v economical & simple a solution ( a grave difficulty t x 0 freely introduc$ by ! inv5tor :5ev] simil> conditions 7 enc\nt]$4 ,true1 ! process ( unc\pl+ & rec\pl+ ! eng9e occasions a little delay1 b ! swit* 0 *eap] & q z effective z a loop1 ev5 if ! latt] c\ld h be5 built1 = x 0 f\nd possible to lay ! turntable betwe5 two ti]s ( metals on a gradi5t n exce$+ #a 9 #be4 ,altoge!r !re are #bb ( ^! swit*es on ! sy/em4 ,! majority ( !m are ( ! simple type z we h describ$ above1 b 9 "s cases !re is a d\ble zigzag :5 ! diff]5ce 9 level 0 extreme1 & did n p]mit ( ! connect+ bank l9e be+ rais$ at an easy grade4 ,! adoption ( ! 8,meiggs ,v-swit*10 z x is popul>ly call$1 sav$ ! eng9e] ?\s&s ( p\nds4 ,9 "o case ! swit* is set 9 a v prec>i\s situation1 = ! climb+ l9e w9ds along a p]il\s l$ge bla/$ out ( ! solid flank ( ! peak1 & ! travell]'s he>t ?umps e "t ! tra9 lur*es z he looks d[n ^u ! curl+ riv] f>1 f> bel[ on ! "o1 & ! m\nta9 wall comb+ "s #bjjj feet above him on ! o!r1 h&4 ,! ,oroya l9e has be5 describ$ z a railway ( s5sations1 & x is an apt description4 ,dur+ ! process ( 8,v-+0 a tra9 ! voyag] has ample opportunity to contemplate 8 peculi> situation at leisure4 8,highly +5i\s & simple10 0 ! v]dict ( ! railway _w :5 !y realis$ ,meiggs' h&iwork4 8,b :at is go+ to happ5 if a desc5d+ tra9 runs away at "o ( ^! swit*es8 ,w x make a bee-l9e = ! bottom ( ! canyon ?r\gh ! air1 or pile up aga9/ ! dead-/op80 ,meiggs1 h[ev]1 did n anticipate tra9s runn+ amok 9 ?is mann]1 b he gu>d$ aga9/ any su* cont+5cy1 because brakes sometimes w fail to act on a desc5d+ grade4 ,consequ5tly1 at ! end ( ea* l9e 9 a ,v-swit* he provid$ a sub/antial bank ( e>?4 ,?is 0 a =tunate precaution4 ,"s ye>s ago a tra91 9 proce$+ f ! upp] to ! l[] level1 did run away on ! fall+ bank4 ,x cra%$ into ! solid embankm5t at ! dead-end1 & came to a /op 9 an unga9ly1 het]og5e\s mass ( twi/$ ironwork & spl9t]$ wood4 ,nobody 0 hurt1 ! debris 0 remov$1 & ! runaway eng9e 0 recov]$1 ov]haul$1 replac$ 9 s]vice1 & is runn+ to-day1 little ! worse = its misadv5ture4 ,ow+ to ! peaks ( ! ,cordill]as be+ sep>at$ f "o ano!r by yawn+ rav9es1 ext5sive bridg+ became imp]ative4 ,"s are %ort1 insignificant spans2 o!rs are l(ty1 spid]y /ructures1 :i* 7 complet$ at ! exp5diture ( _m human lives f disease & accid5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! railway e>n$ an unsav\ry reputation ow+ to ! high mortality t att5d$ its realisation4 ,! ,v]rugas bridge 0 ! greate/ (f5d] 9 ?is respect4 ,x 0 ! greate/ und]tak+ ( its type on ! l9e4 ,x is #ege feet 9 l5g?1 & cleaves ! air #bbe feet above ! b$ ( ! rav9e4 ,!re are bigg] & l(ti] bridges 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 b few h be5 s tr\blesome to erect4 ,at ! "t x 0 und]tak5 x 0 ! mo/ rem>kable /ructure ( its k9d1 & by ! "t x 0 complet$ #ab1fjj1 or #fc1jjj1 _h be5 exp5d$4 ,x lies at an altitude ( #e1hci feet1 & 0 c>ri$ on ?ree masonry pi]s1 ! c5tre & ma9 support be+ built up f ! b$ ( ! gorge4 ,?is pi] measur$ #ej feet squ>e at ! base1 & 0 ( solid masonry1 ?us =m+ a sub/antial pl9? = ! sl5d] iron sup]/ructure4 ,all ! compon5t p>ts ( ?is bridge _h to be kept )9 c]ta9 limits ( dim5sion & weight1 to enable !m to be haul$ up f ! coa/ & set 9 position on ! site4 ,l>ge gangs ( workm5 7 cr[d$ ^u ! "w1 because1 until ?is bridge 0 set 9 position1 mat]ial c\ld n be transport$ to ! o!r side ( ! gorge = ! cont9uation ( ! grade4 ,b ! task 0 dogg$ by ill-luck4 ,"w 0 9 full sw+1 :5 a my/]i\s & malignant disease broke out4 ,s furi\sly did x rage t ! m5 7 swept (f l flies4 ,!re 0 no means ( *eck+ its ravages4 ,x became kn[n f> & wide z ! 8,v]rugas fev]40 ,x resi/$ diagnosis & treatm5t1 b !re 0 no d5y+ its deadl9ess4 ,z a result lab\r gave ! di/rict a wide b]?4 ,x /ruck d[n natives & :ite m5 indiscrim9ately4 ,j h[ _m m5 succumb$ to ! attacks ( ?is epidemic probably nev] w be kn[n4 ,m5 contract$ ! malady1 di$1 & 7 buri$ all )9 ! space ( a few h\rs aft] rea*+ ! site2 inde$1 x is *ronicl$ t "o man fell a victim aft] cross+ ! bridge only once4 ,?is my/]i\s & t]rible sc\rge ?reat5$ to /op ! :ole ent]prise1 ?\gh ,meiggs sp>$ no ef=t & money to br+ ab\t its completion4 ,! mo/ attractive inducem5ts 7 held out to workm5 to come up & risk _! lives1 b only ! m adv5tur\s1 fasc9at$ by ! high wages1 d>$ to face dea? 9 an uncanny =m4 ,x 0 ma9ly ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( su* happy-g-lucky spirits t ! gorge 0 spann$ ultimately4 ,meiggs himself appe>$ to be> a *>m$ life1 = he haunt$ ! fat$ gorge day & night4 ,b ! awful exp]i5ce s]i\sly und]m9$ 8 heal?1 8 con/itution 0 wreck$1 & he 0 *ang$ into an old man4 ,/ill he clung t5aci\sly to 8 ent]prise4 ,! gorge cross$1 he f\nd himself among ! wilde/ fa/nesses ( ! ,&es4 ,! m\nta9s became /eep]1 ! int]v5+ gul*es deep] & m difficult to cross4 ,l&slides 7 ( su* frequ5t occurr5ce t !y might well h /ruck t]ror into 8 he>t4 ,yet he f\ght 8 way =w>d4 ,bla/+ became heavi] & heavi]1 wide sweep+ curves m frequ5t1 ! asc5t /eep] & /eep]1 & tunnell+ ?r\gh project+ spurs m frequ5t4 ,9 ^! upp] rea*es ! tra9s play a gigantic game ( hide-&-seek1 d>t+ 9 & out among ! labyr9? ( tunnels4 ,9 a di/ance ( #ej miles he _h to drive 8 pa? ?r\gh no less ?an #eg ( ^! ob/ructions1 :ile altoge!r !re are #fe tunnels 9 ! #ach miles ( ! railway's l5g?4 ,! l9e d\bles & r$\bles ^u itself 9 ! mo/ bewild]+ mann] 9 ord] to ga9 po9ts on ! m\nta9-sides4 ,9 ! c\rse ( #aa miles betwe5 ,matucana & ,tamboraque ?is scal+ by means ( ! zigzag 0 exce$+ly heavy4 ,/&+ at ! latt] /ation & look+ d[n1 "o c see ti] aft] ti] ( ! gleam+ metals1 until !y are lo/ to sight f> bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,v]rugas ,,viaduct1 ,,:i* ,,0 ,,de/roy$ ,,by ,a ,,cl\dbur/ ,,& ,,rock-,,slide ,m5 di$ l flies :ile build+ ?is bridge1 ow+ to ! outbreak ( an obscure disease kn[n z 8,v]rugas fev]40 ,five miles beyond ,tamboraque ano!r rem>kable a*ievem5t _h to be accompli%$4 ,! l9e tunnels a peak1 to em]ge ^u ! br9k ( a drop into ! riv] bel[ z /raight z a brick wall4 ,on ! opposite side is ano!r t[]+ p9nacle4 ,to span ! gulf a heavy bridge 0 necess>y4 ,x is call$ ,infi]nillo ,bridge1 & nev] 0 a "n m fitt+ly be/[$4 ,its erection by false "w or scaffold+ 0 out ( ! "q1 z 9 ?is region n a tree exi/s4 ,x _h to be built out f ! sides1 ! m5 be+ susp5d$ 9 cradles & loops dangl+ f ropes atta*$ to brackets driv5 into ! solid rock above4 ,! build]s f\nd sw++ ! tools f su* crazy foo?olds to be p]il\s 9 ! extreme1 b !re 7 no o!r means by :i* ! bridge c\ld be erect$4 ,x is a frail l9k betwe5 two d>k yawn+ m\?s 9 opposite t[]+ cre/s1 & ! travell] z he rattles across sc>cely c quell a %udd]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,highe/ ,,tunnel ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,,"u ,,con/ruction ,! ,gal]a tunnel1 #c1hee feet 9 l5g? & #ae1ffe feet above ! level ( ! ,pacific ,ocean1 on ! ,oroya railway4 ,s en]getically did ,meiggs pursue 8 self-appo9t$ task t 9 six ye>s he _h c>ri$ ! l9e #hh miles into ! ,&es1 & _h ga9$ an altitude ( #ab1bae feet4 ,all ! m5 t he c\ld possibly procure 7 press$ into s]vice2 at "o "t ! railway gave employm5t to #hjjj lab\r]s4 ,! am\nt ( bla/+ necess>y to prep>e ! road-b$ = ?is s+le l9e ( /&>d track 0 enorm\s1 some?+ l #ejj1jjj p\nds ( explosives be+ us$ e mon?4 ,! /ra9 insep>able f su* an ent]prise told its tale at la/ ^u ! bold eng9e]1 ^: iron con/itution c\ld n )/& ! anxieties & worries ( ! ,v]rugas fev]1 & ! exposure to a r>efi$ atmosph]e1 )\t receiv+ an indelible m>k4 ,! fir/ signs ( a complete breakd[n appe>$ z ! railway 0 approa*+ ,*icla1 & :5 ?is po9t 0 ga9$ 9 #ahgg he succumb$4 ,! removal ( ! guid+ _s br\ght ! :ole und]tak+ to a /op4 ,meiggs _h complet$ two-?irds ( ! und]tak+1 & _h brok5 ! back ( ! difficulties4 ,= f\rte5 ye>s n ano!r foot ( l9e 0 grad$4 ,at la/ ! ,p]uvian ,corporation ( ,london1 :i* _h tak5 ov] ! railway1 settl$ a contract = its completion ) ,william ,?orndike1 :o also hail$ f ,philadelphia4 ,! new eng9e] c>ri$ ! l9e a fur!r #c1dej feet above ! sea1 foll[+ ! surveys ( ,meiggs1 & !n became confront$ ) 8 greate/ ob/acle--! pi]c+ ( ! summit cre/4 ,?orndike _h to hew 8 way ?r\gh ! bosom ( a p9nacle = ov] #c1hee feet at an altitude at :i* su* "w nev] _h be5 attempt$ be=e4 ,! try+ "* ( ! situation 0 augm5t$ by ! r>ity ( ! atmosph]e1 & ! fact t he _h to =ce 8 way ?r\gh ! region ( ! t]rible m\nta9 sickness1 ) a l[ prevail+ temp]ature su* z is enc\nt]$ 9 ! region ( et]nal sn[ & ice4 ,su* conditions ret>d$ ! bor+ ( ! ,gal]a tunnel1 z x is call$1 m ?an ! /]n resi/ance ( ! rock4 ,! workm5 inv>iably fell victims to ! sickness1 ?\gh ! und]tak+ 0 n accompani$ ) ! heavy mortality t *>act]is$ ! build+ ( ! ,v]rugas bridge f> bel[4 ,m\nta9 drill+1 bla/+1 excavat+1 & ! removal ( ! heavy spoil prov$ exact+ & fatigu+1 & a man c\ld "w only = a few h\rs at a /ret*4 ,by skilful organisation & c>eful husb&+ ( 8 =ces1 h[ev]1 ! eng9e] succe$$ 9 =c+ ! metal track ?r\gh ! m\nta9 at record spe$4 ,! ,gal]a tunnel is ! cr[n+ po9t ( a magnific5t a*ievem5t4 ,9 ! c5tre y /& on ! ,great ,divide ( ! ,s\? ,am]icas1 ne>ly #af1jjj feet above ! ocean4 ,:5 a bucket ( wat] is upset1 "o half ( ! liquid runs ea/w>d t[>ds ! ,atlantic1 :ile ! o!r fl[s we/w>d to ! ,pacific4 ,oroya is #ca miles di/ant f ! ea/]n portal ( ! tunnel on ! great inl& plateau ( ! cont95t1 & only a little less ?an #c1ejj feet bel[ x4 ,on ?is section con/ruction 0 v rapid1 z !re 7 no unt[>d difficulties to be ov]come4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,briti% ,,locomotive ,,9 ,,! ,,realm ,,( ,,p]petual ,,&ean ,,sn[1 #ae1hfe ,,feet ,,above ,,sea-,,level1 ,,on ,,! ,,oroya ,,railway ,ab\t ! same "t z ! ,oroya railway 0 comm5c$ ano!r great l9e 0 und]tak5 "s miles to ! s\?4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! port ( ,moll5do 0 ! ,pacific t]m9us1 ! inl& objective be+ ,puno1 on ! %ores ( ,lake ,titicaca1 t rem>kable inl& sea ne/l+ among ! cre/s ( ! ,alps "s #ad1ffj feet above ! ,pacific4 ,! total l5g? ( ?is l9e is #ccb miles1 & x divides ) ! ,ant(aga/a railway to ! s\? ! traffic betwe5 ,la ,paz & ! seabo>d4 ,?\gh x does n comp>e ) ! ,oroya or ,c5tral railway ( ,p]u z an eng9e]+ a*ievem5t1 yet x possesses c]ta9 individual *>act]i/ics1 ! tumbl$ m\nta9 c\ntry exp]i5c$ f>!r nor? giv+ way to op5 expanses ( bleak1 dismal des]t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,look+ ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,tunnels ,,on ,,! ,,oroya ,,railway ,an exhil>at+ coa/ at #de miles an h\r = #ajg miles c be made f ,gal]a tunnel to ,callao ^u ! small h&-c> %[n 9 ! photograph4 ,?is l9e 9 its asc5t ( ! ,&es skirts ! base ( t mo/ maje/ic ( m\nta9s1 ! smok+ ,el ,mi/i1 ^: sn[-topp$ crat] rises l a grim s5t9el f> above ! o!r visible po9ts ( ! m\nta9 *a94 ,"h ! m\nta9s are nobl] & wid] ap>t1 s t "o c grasp bett] _! magnific5t proportions1 :ile _! flanks are n s sc>r$1 & !re is an abs5ce ( ^? fe>some1 yawn+ rav9es4 ,9 mak+ ! asc5t ! l9e describes broad sweep+ curves to avoid project+ peaks1 & ?r\gh\t ! :ole di/ance !re is a notable relief f ! zigzags & swit*es s frequ5t on ! si/] l9e4 ,on ?is road1 h[ev]1 ! mov+ s& ?reat5$ to be an implacable enemy4 ,9 ! high] altitudes ! s& is pil$ up into qua9t little cones rang+ f t5 to tw5ty feet 9 height1 & f ! di/ance _! incalculable numb] & regul> l9es pres5t ! appe>ance ( a va/ army ( m5 grim$ & cov]$ ) ! du/1 :i* illusion becomes emphasis$ :5 !y are se5 mov+ across ! pla9s 9 a /eady1 rhy?mic mann] "u ! influ5ce ( ! w9d4 ,:5 ! railway 0 built x 0 anticipat$ t elaborate precautions w\ld be requisite to keep ! track cle> ( ?is encumbrance1 b x 0 f\nd t ! tra9s c\ld pl\gh _! way ?r\gh ! mass ) little difficulty4 ,9 ! high] levels ! s& gives way to a c\ntry ( brok5 rock--a l& absolutely void ( any sign ( life4 ,?is monoton\s wa/e cont9ues to ! %ores ( ! lake1 :]e ! dank wat]-grass & limpid wat] (f] a welcome relief to ! aridity exp]i5c$ = s _m h\rs4 ,?is railway 0 con/ruct$ ) rem>kable rapidity = ! ,l& ( ,p>adoxes1 z ! :ole #ccb miles 7 built 9 five ye>s1 & ?us ! isolat$ wat]s ( ,titicaca 7 l9k$ ) ! ,pacific by ! iron road4 ,n only 0 ?is railway mu* *eap] to con/ruct ?an ! ,c5tral or ,oroya l9e1 b its ma9t5ance is n s h>ass+ z ! =m] sy/em4 ,! eng9e]s ( ! ,oroya road are engag$ 9 a con/ant w> ) ! elem5ts4 ,! l&slide is ! mo/ rel5tless foe t has to be combat$4 ,a big slip on a slope1 an avalan*e ( sn[1 huge b\ld]s1 & miscellane\s debris rattle d[n ! m\nta9-sides ) t]rific fury1 blott+ out ! track & sweep+ bridges away 9 _! mad c>e]4 ,! ,v]rugas bridge 0 dogg$ by ill-=tune aft] its completion1 = 9 "o ( ^! visitations ! :ole /ructure 0 demoli%$ ?r\gh ! ma9 c5tral pi] be+ knock$ away4 ,! tangl$ & twi/$ metal 0 left ru/+ 9 ! rav9e1 = ! bridge-build]s' art _h advanc$ consid]ably s9ce ! old bridge 0 design$1 & 9 recon/ruction x 0 f\nd possible to span ! gorge on ! cantilev] pr9ciple )\t ! c5tral support4 ,all ! o!r bridges on ! railway are be+ rebuilt gradually on ^! l9es1 & :5 ?is task is complet$ ! eng9e] w h "o dang] ! less to fe>--! collapse ( ! sl5d] l9k ( communication across ! gul*es4 ,"o c enjoy a mo/ exhil>at+ exp]i5ce on ?is railway4 ,?is is ! desc5t f ,gal]a tunnel to ,callao on a small h&-c>4 ,x is a glori\s coa/ d[nhill = no less ?an #ajg miles4 ,"o ru%es d[n incl9es1 sw+s r\nd curves1 ?reads tunnels1 & :isks across gorges at ! exhil>at+ spe$ ( #de miles an h\r4 ,x is a unique s5sation--"o ( ! _m m>vels associat$ ) ?is rem>kable railway1 :i* is n m]ely a /rik+ evid5ce ( civilisation1 b a p]petual monum5t to ! #gjjj lives devot$ to its con/ruction4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,cecil ,,rhodes' ,,dream--,,f ,,! ,,cape ,,to ,,cairo ,i4--,nor?w>ds f ,cape ,t[n ,few phrases h become s famili> to ! e> z f ! 8,cape to ,cairo40 ,x is a phrase t has made hi/ory1 ?\gh p]haps n s rapidly z its creator anticipat$4 ,:5 ,cecil ,rhodes fir/ ca/ 8 eyes f nor? to s\?1 & conceiv$ ! idea ( b9d+ ! two extreme po9ts ( ! ,african cont95t toge!r1 !re is no indication t he exp]i5c$ great difficulty 9 f9d+ a title = 8 und]tak+4 ,!re 0 ,cairo 9 ! nor?1 & ,cape ,t[n 9 ! s\?4 ,he aspir$ to jo9 ! two by rail4 ,consequ5tly1 f ! 8,cape to ,cairo0 0 obvi\s4 ,probably ! allit]ation caught 8 fancy1 & convey$ 8 complete ?\ght s =cibly 9 ?ree words1 & 9 a mann] t c\ld n fail to impress ! public1 t x inadv]t5tly flew ?r\gh 8 m9d4 ,:5 ! mat]ialisation ( ?is vision comm5c$1 ! g5]al k ( ! int]ior ( ! cont95t _h n be5 wid5$ v appreciably s9ce ! travels ( ,liv+/one & ,/anley4 ,x 0 8,d>k0 9 ! true/ s5se ( ! ^w1 & conque/ ei!r by ! my/]ies ( peace or ! arts ( w> 0 necess>y be=e ! /eel rail c\ld be driv5 ei!r nor?w>d or s\?w>d4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 det]m9$ to c>ry ! idea to fulfilm5t--! "q ( ! p5etration ( ! ho/ile c\ntry c\ld be tak5 9 h& :5 ! railway 0 )9 measurable di/ance ( its bord]s s f> z ,rhodes 0 conc]n$1 :ile 9 ! nor? ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t _h decid$ to settle t]ms ) ! ,mahdi4 ,!re 0 "o b5efit accru+ f ! empire-build]'s dream--he gave ! eng9e]s ( ,s\? ,africa elb[-room 9 :i* to display _! ability )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,x might be said t he inaugurat$ a new railway-con/ruction policy s f> z ,s\? ,africa 0 conc]n$4 ,! railway-build]s _h an ext5sive t]ritory to cov]1 & !y appe>$ to *]i% ! belief t ! be/ means by :i* ?is conque/ c\ld be a*iev$ 0 ^u ! mo/ exp5sive l9es possible4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ! railway network 9 ,natal1 ! ,transvaal & ,orange ,free ,/ate co/ ab\t #ae1jjj1 or #ge1jjj1 p] mile1 & ^? ( ,cape ,colony ab\t #aj1jjj1 or #ej1jjj1 p] mile--sums out ( all proportion to ! railway ne$s ( ! "t1 & :i* s]v$ to commit ! c\ntries to a heavy capital outlay & int]e/ *>ges4 ,:5 ,cecil ,rhodes outl9$ 8 project he set himself to a limit ( ab\t #e1jjj1 or #be1jjj1 p] mile4 ,su* a l9e 0 a pione] road 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w1 b x w\ld suffice to meet ! dem&s ( ! c\ntry = _m ye>s to come1 & c\ld be improv$ z circum/ances dem&$4 ,! "t w come1 d\btless1 :5 a /&>d-gauge road f ! wat]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean to ! s\!rn end ( ! cont95t w become imp]ative1 b a few decades w h to pass be=e ! l9e ( #c feet #f in*es gauge becomes inadequate4 ,! ,cape to ,cairo is rem>kable 9 _m respects3 9 fact1 x might be describ$ z a /r+ ( record-break+ feats 9 railway eng9e]+4 ,9 ! fir/ place x 0 ! fir/ trans-cont95tal road ev] to be driv5 longitud9ally ?r\gh a cont95t--! coa/ to coa/ l9es 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w cut across ! cont95t f ea/ to we/4 ,:5 complet$ x w be ! longe/ cont9u\s trunk iron road ev] built4 ,9 its l5g? are compris$ bo? ! highe/ & longe/ bridges 9 ,africa1 9 its realisation ! highe/ spe$ 9 track-lay+ has be5 record$1 & x has be5 driv5 /eadily =w>d "u conditions su* z nev] h att5d$ ! realisation ( any comp>ative project--w>1 plague & fam9e4 ,:5 ! s*eme 0 comm5c$ ! railways ( ! s\!rn colony _h p5etrat$ #fdg miles up-c\ntry f ,cape ,t[n to ! diamond m9es at ,kimb]ley4 ,consequ5tly1 ,diamondopolis 0 select$ z ! />t+-po9t = ! nor?w>d advance1 ?r\gh ! h9t]l& n[ kn[n z ,rhodesia4 ,! fir/ rail out ( ,kimb]ley 0 laid 9 #ahhi1 & by ,octob]1 #ahid1 x _h ga9$ ,mafek+1 #bbc miles beyond4 ,:ile ?is "p ( ! "w 0 "u way ! colonisation ( ,ma%onal& _h proce$$1 & _h progress$ s fav\rably t ! railway's advance became an urg5t necessity1 especially z ! ,matabele "u ,lob5gula 7 giv+ signs ( tr\ble1 & x 0 ess5tial t ! latt] %\ld be subdu$4 ,s 9 #ahif ! dull1 grey snake resum$ its tortu\s crawl to ! nor?4 ,fur!r tr\ble 0 exp]i5c$ at ?is juncture1 & ret>d$ op]ations to a mat]ial degree4 ,! deadly r9d]pe/ broke out1 & swept (f ! settl]s' cattle l flies4 ,transport 0 p>alys$1 & ! eng9e]s 7 call$ ^u to p]=m a sup]human task to p\r supplies & mat]ial =w>d4 ,z animals 7 unavailable1 traction eng9es _h to be br\ght up-c\ntry to ply betwe5 ! po9t :]e ! locomotive /opp$ & ! con/ruction camps /rung out ahead4 ,h[ev]1 ,rhodes decid$ t ! rails mu/ rea* ,buluwayo be=e ! end ( #ahig4 ,see+ t #dib miles divid$ ! railhead f ! latt] po9t1 ?is 0 no mean ord]2 b ,messrs4 ,paul+ ,co41 ! contractors1 promis$ t 8 wi%es %\ld be fulfill$4 ,l>ge =ces ( natives 7 :ipp$ up1 & by sup]human ef=t ! app>5tly impossible 0 a*iev$1 ! #dib miles ( metals be+ laid 9 #ejj work+ days4 ,z might be suppos$ f ! l[ co/ ( ! l9e 7#d1ejj or #bb1ejj1 p] mile71 ! eng9e]+ "w 0 n ( an elaborate "*4 ,rapidity ( con/ruction1 comb9$ ) l[ co/1 7 ! two gov]n+ consid]ations t _h to be borne 9 m9d1 = ! soon] railway transportation 0 provid$1 ! e>li] settlem5t w\ld take place4 ,! t]ms gov]n+ con/ruction dem&$ t ! l9e %\ld be ( su* a "* z 8w\ld be capable ( effectually convey+ traffic at a spe$ ( twelve miles an h\r on completion1 & t grades & curves 7 n to be %>p] & heavi] ?an g5]ally prevail$ ^u a l9e ( ?is gauge40 ,balla/+ 0 only to be us$ on su* portions ( ! l9e z 0 necess>y to ensure ! safe runn+ ( ! tra9s dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,9 lay+ ! road v little reg>d 0 paid to =mation1 & :]ev] ! surface ( ! gr\nd 0 ev5 x 0 foll[$1 ! /eel sleep]s be+ pack$ ) ! m9imum ( balla/ to give a mod]ately smoo? runn+ top4 ,! %all[] /reams & riv]s 7 n bridg$1 b ! railway 0 c>ri$ across ov] a =d4 ,if ! wat] rose above ! track a few in*es1 a ?rill+ spectacle 0 (f]$ :5 a tra9 cross$4 ,x w\ld creep c>efully d[n ! bank & cra% full tilt into ! wat]1 s5d+ up a column ( spray :i* entirely oblit]at$ ! front ( ! eng9e f view4 ,lat]1 ! l9e 0 ov]haul$ & br\ght into con=mity ) mod]n requirem5ts1 bridges ( /eel be+ introduc$ to span all ob/ructions ( ?is "*4 ,timb] 0 impossible1 ow+ to ! ravages ( :ite ants1 ?\gh creosot$ wood 0 f\nd to (f] a sub/itute = ! metal = a %ort p]iod1 & 0 adopt$ sp>+ly4 ,buluwayo lies at an altitude ( #d1djj feet1 & f ?is po9t ! l9e falls /eadily until x ga9s ! ,gwaai ,riv]1 #a1bjj feet l[]4 ,cross+ ?is wat]way1 ! l9e makes a /raight cut across ! flat1 s&y & wood$ c\ntry = #ga miles z ! cr[ flies1 to ent] ! ,wankie coalfield4 ,9 ?is di/rict ! surface run c\ld n be cont9u$1 & consequ5tly heavy cutt+s & embankm5ts _h to be c>ri$ out ov] a di/ance ( #ei miles4 ,beyond ! ,wankie coal t]ritory1 & #bhb miles nor? ( ,buluwayo1 ! l9e ran up aga9/ ! fir/ s]i\s physical difficulty1 b "o ( su* proportions z to make am5ds on ! "p ( ,nature = ! eas9ess ( ! grad+ hi!rto4 ,?is 0 ! ,victoria ,falls on ! ,zambesi ,riv]1 & ! location ( ! l9e compell$ a cross+ ( ?is magnific5t wat]way j bel[ ! cat>act1 :]e ! wat]1 aft] tumbl+ ov] ! l$ge1 is =c$ ?r\gh a deep1 n>r[ gorge #djj feet 9 dep?4 ,! situation dem&$ ! consummation ( "s monum5tal piece ( "w4 ,! ,niag>a gorge _h be5 bridg$1 b ! task ( spann+ t *asm 0 m]e *ild's play 9 comp>ison ) t confront+ ! eng9e]s bel[ ! ,victoria ,falls4 ,! cliffs are %e] practically1 = ! canyon ?r\gh :i* ! wat] ru%es = "s #bj miles is b a fissure 9 ! e>?'s cru/4 ,! surveys1 :i* 7 c>ri$ out ) great difficulty1 %[$ t ! break w\ld h to be bridg$ 9 a s+le span ab\t #ejj feet 9 l5g? f br9k to br9k1 ) ! rails ov] #dbj feet above l[ wat]4 ,= purposes ( comp>ison1 x may be m5tion$ t1 al?\gh ! /ructure ( ! same type ?r[n across ! ,niag>a gorge to c>ry ! ,gr& ,trunk railway f ,canadian to ,am]ican soil has a ma9 span #ej feet wid]1 :ile ! bridge itself is almo/ twice z long1 ! rails are laid only a little m ?an half ! height above ! wat]--#bbf1 z comp>$ ) #dbj feet4 ,"o e>ly difficulty 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( communication ) ! opposite bank1 to avoid a long det\r ( ab\t t5 miles 9 ord] to cross ! riv]4 ,fir/1 9 ord] to br+ ! camps p]*$ on ea* cliff clos] toge!r1 a telephone wire 0 ?r[n across ! rav9e4 ,?is frail connection 0 complet$ 9 an +5i\s mann]4 ,a ?9 /r+ 0 ti$ to ! /ick ( a rocket :i* 0 fir$ across ! gorge4 ,! opposite p>ty secur$ ! /ick & end ( ! /\t tw9e1 & by its means haul$ across a ?ick] l5g? ( /r+1 :i* 9 turn 0 foll[$ by "o /ill /\t]1 ) :i* ! telephone wire 0 haul$ across4 ,9 ?is way ! opposite camps 7 br\ght z closely into t\* ) "o ano!r z if !y 7 side by side on ! same bank4 ,previ\sly1 attempts _h be5 made to fly a /r+ across by means ( a kite1 b ! upw>d ru% ( eddy+ air f ! vortex ( ! wat] caus$ ! kite to become ! sport ( ! w9d & to play sorry pranks1 )\t ga9+ ! opposite bank4 ,! complete success ( ! rocket caus$ a simil> cycle ( op]ations to be repeat$1 only 9 ?is case1 in/ead ( haul+ a telephone wire across ! gorge1 a m>k$ wire 0 h&l$1 ! idea be+ to measure accurately ! wid? ( ! gap1 a spr+ balance be+ introduc$ at "o end to compute ! ext5t ( ! 8sag0 ( ! wire = ! purposes ( calculations4 ,! result ( ^! inve/igations s]v$ to c\nt]*eck ! surveys1 :i* 7 f\nd to be /rik+ly correct1 & ! design ( ! bridge 0 tak5 9 h& imm$iately by ,mr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,hobson4 ,actual con/ruction 0 comm5c$ )\t delay1 ! task be+ und]tak5 by ! ,clevel& ,eng9e]+ ,bridge ,build+ ,company ( ,d>l+ton1 :o1 by ! successful completion ( ?is task1 once m emphasis$ ! pr$om9ance ( ! ,briti% bridge-build+ eng9e]4 ,! ma9 span is a graceful curve ( /eel spr++ f ! cliff-face on ei!r side1 ! latt] be+ excavat$ = ! purpose ( secur+ ! f\ndations4 ,z con/ruction 0 possible only on ! cantilev] pr9ciple f ei!r side1 facilities _h to be provid$ = ! transportation ( mat]ial z x 0 br\ght up by ! railway1 f ! s\? to ! opposite cliff1 & = ?is purpose an ov]head cableway 0 slung across ! gorge4 ,?is vehicle ( transport 0 employ$ n only = ! build+ ( ! bridge1 b also = ! conveyance ( o!r necessities = ! railway1 z ! latt] 0 pu%$ ahead f ! nor? bank :ile ! bridge 0 be+ erect$4 ,workm5 7 also slung across ! gorge by ?is means 9 a little cage1 & occasionally visitors :o 7 anxi\s to exp]i5ce a new s5sation made ! trip at a co/ ( #ajs41 or #b4ej p] head4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by c\rtesy ( ,clevel& ,eng9e]+ ,bridge-,build+ ,co41 ,d>l+ton ,,! ,,greate/ ,,bridge ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,! /eel l9k spr++ 9 a s+le span ( #ejj feet f "o cliff to ! o!r ov] ! ,zambesi ,riv] j bel[ ! ,victoria ,falls4 ,! tra9s pass across ! gorge #dbj feet above l[ wat]4 ,obs]ve ! net :i* 0 susp5d$ bel[ to cat* fall+ tools & workm54 ,"o feature ( ! und]tak+ 0 ! extreme c>e tak5 to protect ! workm5 f c]ta9 dea? 9 ! riv] bel[ if !y slipp$ f _! prec>i\s p]*es 9 mid-air4 ,a heavy1 /rong net 0 slung across ! *asm b5ea? ! actual work+ po9t to cat* 8boys & tools %\ld !y inadv]t5tly drop40 ,! two ribs ( /eel 7 pu%$ outw>ds f ei!r bank1 & f9ally met 9 ! c5tre1 :]e ! f9al bolts1 secur+ fir/ ! two sections ( ! bottom memb]s toge!r1 7 slipp$ 9 )\t any unt[>d incid5t4 ,at ! po9t :]e ! maze ( /eel spr+s f ! cliff-face ! bridge measures #aje feet f ! bottom to ! top memb]1 :ile at ! cr[n ( ! ar* ! dep? is #ae feet4 ,! wid? at ! rail-level is #cj feet1 :ile ! bottom curv$ /eel ribs1 at ! po9t :]e !y are secur$ to ! rock1 are ab\t #ed feet ap>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sett+ ,,up ,,! ,,_w',s ,,railway ,,build+ ,,record ,,9 ,,africa ,natives lay+ #e miles ( track 9 #aj h\rs1 on ! ,cape to ,cairo ,railway4 ,not)/&+ ! difficulties1 att5d+ ! erection ( su* a massive bridge ^u su* a site1 con/ruction 0 c>ri$ out s rapidly t ! fir/ tra9 0 enabl$ to cross ! /ructure )9 ab\t eighte5 mon?s ( "w be+ comm5c$4 ,! cel]ity ) :i* ?is task 0 complet$ 0 /rik+1 be>+ 9 m9d t native lab\r 0 employ$ = ! mo/ "p1 "u ! sup]vision ( ,engli% =em5 & eng9e]s4 ,at ! "t x 0 built x rank$ z ! l(tie/ bridge 9 ! _w1 b x has be5 depos$ s9ce f t premi] position by ! wond]ful ,fades viaduct :i* spans ! ,si\le ,riv] 9 ! ,fr5* prov9ce ( ,puy de ,dme1 :]e ! tra9 crosses ! wat] at a height ( #dcd feet4 ,by ! "t ! ,victoria bridge 0 able to p]mit tra9s to pass f bank to bank1 ! end ( /eel _h be5 hurri$ t[>ds ,kalomo1 ! capital ( ,nor?-,we/]n ,rhodesia1 #a1gcc miles f ,cape ,t[n4 ,on ?is section ano!r rem>kable record 0 e/abli%$4 ,! eng9e]1 ,sir ,*>les ,metcalfe1 ,b>t41 0 9 ! field on "o ( 8 p]iodical visits1 & 0 accompani$ by an int]e/$ ,fr5* eng9e]1 :o _h built railways 9 ,fr5* ,we/ ,africa4 ,! latt] 0 greatly int]e/$ 9 ! progress ( ! ,cape to ,cairo l9e1 b obs]v+ ! me?ods ( ! native workm51 v5tur$ to ask h[ _m miles ( track c\ld be laid p] day4 8,well1 :at d y ?9k we c lay80 ask$ ,sir ,*>les ,metcalfe4 8,oh1 ,i don't ?9k y c lay m ?an half-a-mile4 ,t seems to me a fair e/imate10 rem>k$ ! ,fr5* railway-build]4 ,! ,engli% eng9e] _h a brief conv]sation ) 8 lieut5ant 9 *>ge ( ! rail-lay+ op]ations1 & ! latt] 9 a few brief words galvanis$ ! :ole ( ! crew into electric movem5t4 ,9 tw5ty m9utes ! track _h advanc$ a qu>t] ( a mile be=e ! a/oni%$ ,fr5* eng9e]'s eyes4 ,he sc>cely c\ld cr$it :at he _h se51 & left ! spot ) a high reg>d = ! ,engli% eng9e]'s organisation & me?ods ( h&l+ ! natives to be able to wre/ su* a spurt at a mom5t's notice4 ,?is incid5t impress$ ,sir ,*>les ,metcalfe1 &1 aft] a *at ) ! ,engli% ov]se]s1 =em5 & eng9e]s survey+ ! plac+ ( ! #cc-;feet l5g?s ( /eel ^u ! gr\nd1 x 0 decid$ to make an exp]im5t j to see :at c\ld be accompli%$ "u an em]g5cy ) native lab\r4 ,! black m5 7 m>%all$ up = a full day's "w1 & 7 urg$ to let !mselves g1 ! desire ( e/abli%+ a record be+ communicat$ to ! m ent]pris+ spirits4 ,! natives love a conte/1 & !y girdl$ into ! "w ) a/oni%+ ze/4 ,!y did n seem to tire1 & !y spurn$ ! heat4 ,! result 0 t :5 ! t5 h\rs' lab\r 0 complet$ = ! day ! /eel _h crept =w>d no less t #e miles--a _w's record4 ,yet ev]y?+ proce$$ s smoo?ly t x appe>$1 f ! /rang]'s po9t ( view1 z if "w 7 be+ c>ri$ out at ! normal rate ( a mile a day4 ,?is result1 ) native lab\r1 0 rem>kable4 ,! eng9e]s 9 *>ge ( ! wond]ful track-lay] us$ 9 ,am]ica po9t to ! spe$ ) :i* ! metals c be laid ) its aid4 ,yet x comes some:at z a %ock to _! pride to le>n t _! be/ p]=mances ( #c to #d miles a day c be exce$$ by unskill$ black m51 ) no tools :atev]4 ,f ,kalomo ! eng9e]s pu%$ nor?-ea/w>ds to ,brok5 ,hill1 #bhj miles beyond4 ,9 ?is /ret*1 h[ev]1 ano!r ob/acle _h to be ov]come4 ,?is 0 ! ,kafue ,riv]1 :i* is ! mo/ important tribut>y to ! ,zambesi ,riv]1 & inde$ =ms "o leg ( ?is great wat]way4 ,! great wid? ( ! ,kafue ,riv]1 #a1cjj feet1 call$ = a l5g?y bridge4 ,al?\gh ! wat]s are %all[ dur+ ! dry season1 ! av]age dep? be+ #i feet1 9 ! wet season1 h[ev]1 ! riv] rises to #ag feet or s4 ,x is a comp>atively sluggi% wat]way1 ! spe$ ( ! curr5t be+ ab\t #c miles an h\r4 ,mr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,hobson 0 responsible = ! design ( ?is bridge also1 & he decid$ t a light /ructure1 divid$ into #ac spans ea* ( #ajj feet1 w\ld meet ! case4 ,! actual con/ruction 0 c>ri$ out by ,mr4 ,a4 ,l4 ,lawley z sup]vis+ eng9e] on behalf ( ! railway-build]s4 ,! bridge is ( ! lattice gird] type1 ! tra9s runn+ ?r\gh ! bridge4 ,! :ole ( ! /eel-"w 0 prep>$ 9 ,engl&1 %ipp$ to ,cape ,t[n1 & !n transport$ #bjjj miles up c\ntry by railway to a y>d improvis$ on ! riv] bank1 :]e ! ribs ( /eel 7 assembl$ to =m ! spans4 ,9 addition1 a pontoon1 likewise ( /eel1 0 s5t up 9 pieces 9 a simil> mann]1 assembl$ on ! bank & laun*$4 ,?is pontoon 0 utilis$ to float ! spans into position1 & also to convey mat]ial across ! riv] to enable ! grade to be pu%$ ahead :ile ! wat]way 0 be+ spann$4 ,! pontoon 0 pull$ f bank to bank by means ( an endless wire cable1 driv5 by a /eam eng9e4 ,! spans are support$ on masonry pi]s1 ea* #ah feet wide by #h feet ?ick4 ,mr4 ,lawley f\nd ! riv]-b$ to be compos$ ( rock & gravel1 :i* gave a fir/-class f\ndation1 & fav\r$ ! exp$iti\s erection ( ! pi]s4 ,consequ5tly he conclud$1 if ! pi]s 7 pu%$ =w>d at l[ wat]1 t x w\ld be possible to set ! /eel-"w directly ! riv] once m ga9$ flood-level1 & arrangem5ts to ?is end 7 c>ri$ out4 ,timb] c(f]-dams 7 built ar\nd ! sites = ! pi]s1 & by ! aid ( pumps ! int]ior 0 kept cle> ( wat] to p]mit ! workm5 to a*ieve _! /one-sett+ task )9 "u ! mo/ fav\rable conditions4 ,:ile ! pi]s 7 progress+ o!r gangs ( natives 7 h>d at "w 9 ! improvis$ %ipy>d rivet+ ! /eel-"w toge!r4 ,ea* span measur$ #ajj feet long1 #ad feet 9 wid?1 #bj feet 9 height1 & weigh$ #ef tons4 ,! pontoon itself measur$ #ie feet long by #de feet wide4 ,"w cont9u$ s fav\rably t by ! "t ! masonry "w on ! pi]s 0 complet$ ! spans _h be5 assembl$1 & all 0 ready = tran%ipp+ !m f ! y>d to _! respective positions on ! pi]s4 ,novel means = transport+ ! weighty & bulky masses ( /eel 7 adopt$4 ,! pontoon 0 br\ght endwise aga9/ ! riv] bank & made fa/4 ,a l5g? ( railway track 0 laid f end to end along ! deck ( ! pontoon1 & 0 br\ght aga9/ ! ends ( ano!r %ort track runn+ d[n ! riv] bank1 !reby mak+ a cont9u\s l5g? ( railway l9e4 ,z ! complet$ spans 7 rang$ side by side 9 ! y>d at "r angles to ! riv]1 !y _h to be haul$ sideways = "s di/ance4 ,rails 7 laid "u ea* end ( ! spans at "r angles to ! railway & 7 well greas$ s z to become a k9d ( 8ways0 su* z are us$ to laun* a vessel4 ,gangs ( natives tugg$ at ! span to haul x broadside until x re/$ on ! railway l9e1 :i* also 0 lubricat$4 ,!n two locomotives 7 br\ght up to ! re> end ( ! span1 & by %e] /eam =ce pu%$ x d[n ! bank railway on to ! pontoon1 :]e x re/$ fairly & squ>ely1 & ov]hang+ equally ea* end ( ! pontoon1 :i* 0 five feet %ort] ?an ! span4 ,! pontoon 0 !n releas$ f its moor+s & 0 haul$ out into ! /ream by means ( ! endless cable1 until x came c5trally betwe5 ! two pi]s on :i* ! span 0 to be plac$4 ,f ea* pi] a haws] 0 pass$ to /an*ions on ei!r end ( ! pontoon4 ,! endless cable 0 slack5$1 & ! pontoon1 ) its novel c>go1 0 p]mitt$ to drift sl[ly d[n-/ream t[>ds ! space betwe5 ! two pi]s1 be+ guid$ 9 its c\rse by manipulation ( "o or ! o!r ( ! two haws]s4 ,9 ?is mann] ! craft 0 /e]$ delicately into position & 0 made fa/4 ,! actual transf]5ce ( ! span f ! pontoon to ! masonry b$ 0 c>ri$ out by hydraulic jacks1 :i* lift$ ! :ole mass ( /eel4 ,:5 ! jacks 7 releas$1 ! ends ( ! span re/$ firmly on ! two pi]s4 ,by haul+ on to ! endless cable ! pontoon n[ 0 drawn cle> ( ! bridge to return = ano!r load4 ,?is novel me?od prov$ s completely successful t ! #ac spans 7 transf]r$ f ! bank & set 9 position )9 ! %ort space ( #h days6--half ! "t ! eng9e] _h comput$ z be+ requisite = ! op]ation4 ,! :ole und]tak+ 0 accompli%$ 9 record "t1 be>+ 9 m9d ! peculi> conditions prevail+ 9 ! he>t ( ,africa1 & ! use ( native lab\r2 =1 f ! "t ! fir/ move t[>ds ! erection ( ! pi]s 0 made1 to ! sett+ ( ! la/ span1 only five mon?s elaps$4 ,! total co/ ( ?is mass ( /eel1 weigh+ #gbh tons & /ret*+ 9 an unbrok5 l9e = #a1cjj feet across ! riv]1 0 #ej1jjj1 or #bej1jjj4 ,:5 ,brok5 ,hill 0 ga9$1 #b1jac miles f ,cape ,t[n1 con/ruction 0 br\ght to a /op4 ,! ma/]m9d _h pass$ away "s "t be=e1 & ! colleague :o _h assi/$ ,rhodes :5 o!r f9ancial magnates turn$ a deaf e> to ! project1 _h also jo9$ ! great majority4 ,by ! "t ,brok5 ,hill 0 ga9$1 #h1jjj1jjj 7or #dj1jjj1jjj7 _h be5 sunk 9 ! ent]prise4 ,= mon?s ! /ack ( #bjjj tons ( /eel = ! resumption nor?w>ds rema9$ unt\*$1 ?r\gh lack ( funds1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,beit _h left #a1ejj1jjj 7or #g1ejj1jjj7 t[>ds ! cont9uation ( ! "w4 ,!n ! m9]al weal? ar\nd ,katanga 9 ! ,congo ,free ,/ate1 :i* 0 "u exploitation1 dem&$ transportation to ! coa/4 ,accord+ly1 ! l9e 0 pu%$ on to ! bord] ( ! adjac5t c\ntry4 ,rhodes' objective 0 ,kituta1 at ! s\!rn end ( ,lake ,tanganyika1 #dej miles nor? ( ,brok5 ,hill1 :i* po9t m>ks ! limit ( ,briti% sway 9 ,s\? ,africa1 a di/ance ( ab\t #b1gjj miles by rail f ,cape ,t[n4 ,:5 ,rhodes' vision pres5t$ ! railway /ret*+ 9 an unbrok5 ?read f nor? to s\?1 ! k ( ! c\ntry ly+ betwe5 ! ,zambesi & ! ,nile 0 some:at scanty4 ,z ! s*eme progress$ x became kn[n t ,lake ,tanganyika 0 hemm$ 9 by precipit\s m\nta9s1 :]e railway-build+ w\ld so> to an enorm\s figure p] mile4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! lake is a spl5did %eet ( wat]1 (f]+ excell5t navigation ?r\gh\t its l5g? ( #djj miles4 ,!re=e1 !re %\ld be no reason :y ! example ( ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t1 9 reg>d to ! use ( f]ry /eam]s on ,lake ,baikal1 %\ld n be emulat$ to transport tra9s intact f ,kituta at ! s\!rn1 to ,usamburu at ! nor!rn1 end ( ,lake ,tanganyika4 ,n9ety miles nor? ( ,usamburu is ,lake ,kivu1 & ! divid+ neck ( l& (f]s no great difficulties to con/ruction beyond a gradual rise ( #bjjj feet4 ,rea*+ ,lake ,kivu1 :i* is also surr\nd$ by l(ty ridges1 ! railway w\ld once m take to ! wat] = "s #fj miles4 ,cont9u+ nor?w>ds1 !re is ano!r /ret* ( ris+ c\ntry to be cross$1 :]e ! track w\ld be lift$ to its greate/ height1 or summit level1 betwe5 ,cape ,t[n & ,cairo1 to ga9 ! head ( ,lake ,edw>d1 :i* is #ge miles 9 l5g?4 ,ow+ to ! flat "* ( ! c\ntry ar\nd ?is %eet ( wat] l5d+ itself to *eap railway con/ruction1 probably x w\ld be f\nd pref]able to keep to ! l&1 especially z ! c\ntry is heal?y1 ?ickly populat$1 & (f]s great promise ( becom+ weal?y "u comm]cial developm5t4 ,b ! l9e1 aft] leav+ ,lake ,kivu1 has to pass ?r\gh ,belgian t]ritory1 & z ?is location is inevitable unless x 7 decid$ to sw+ some:at to ! ea/ to pass ?r\gh ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa1 an easi] r\te has be5 (f]$ ?r\gh ! ,congo4 ,! railway has be5 tak5 f ,brok5 ,hill to ,elizabe?ville4 ,! ,belgian au?orities are anxi\s t x %\ld be ext5d$ f t po9t to ,bukana on ! ,congo ,riv]4 ,boats c\ld be us$ betwe5 ?is po9t & ,congolo1 :]e communication by rail w\ld ext5d to ,k9du1 to be foll[$ by ano!r /ret* ( riv] z f> z ,pon?i]ville4 ,! exi/+ railway to ,/anleyville w\ld !n be press$ into s]vice1 & f ! la/-nam$ po9t ! l9e w\ld deb\* to ! nor?-ea/ to ga9 ! ,alb]t ,nyanza1 & !re l9k up ) ! railway t has be5 driv5 s\?w>ds f ,cairo4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,cecil ,,rhodes' ,,dream--,,f ,,! ,,cape ,,to ,,cairo ,,ii4--,s\?w>ds f ,cairo4 ,:ile ! s\!rn arm ( ! great l9e has be5 pu%$ on en]getically nor?w>ds f ,cape ,t[n1 ! nor!rn limb has desc5d$ almo/ z rapidly d[n ! ,valley ( ! ,nile to ! great int]ior1 s t ! he>t ( ! cont95t is be+ eat5 into spirit$ly f bo? ends4 ,! two bran*es h be5 built "u totally diff]5t auspices4 ,:]eas ! s\!rn section 0 c>ri$ out by private ent]prise1 ! nor!rn division is ! "w ( ,gov]nm5t ef=t4 ,9 ! nor? ! railway has made hi/ory rapidly1 & its conque/ has be5 ( a complex "*4 ,x plac$ a unique weapon 9 ! h&s ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 & x wre/$ a va/ track ( ,africa1 aggregat+ #iej1jjj squ>e miles1 f b>b>ity & religi\s fanaticism 9 ! =m ( ,mahdism4 ,ow+ to ! impov]i%$ condition ( ! c\ntry1 ! railway 9 ,egypt has exp]i5c$ a v *equ]$ c>e]4 ,x comm5c$ its pacific invasion promis+ly en\gh1 b x 0 f\nd to be a highly exp5sive settl+ influ5ce = a l& ^: c(f]s _h be5 deplet$ almo/ to ! ext5t ( empt9ess4 ,! e>ly l9es1 :5 laid1 7 neglect$1 & consequ5tly fell into a sorry condition4 ,! majority ( p :o _h reg>d = _! lives & limbs pref]r$ o!r vehicles ( transport4 ,ev]y?+ 9 connection ) ! iron road 0 conduct$ 9 a haphaz>d mann]4 ,tra9s />t$ )\t any "o hav+ ! fa9te/ idea z to :]e !y 7 go+ or :at "t !y w\ld rea* "s de/9ation4 ,"l ,crom] relates t :5 he fir/ w5t to ! ,l& ( ! ,ph>aohs all ! l9es 7 s+le track4 ,no /aff or block sy/em ( any k9d 0 9 vogue1 & !re 7 no signals4 ,a tra9 />t$ f a /ation on ! (f-*ance t ano!r tra9 0 n com+ 9 ! opposite direction4 ,ne$less to say1 z he t]sely rem>ks1 8he avoid$ ^? l9es40 ,9 ! ,sudan matt]s 7 ev5 worse4 ,! ,kh$ive emb>k$ ^u a laudable ent]prise :5 he decid$ to c>ry ! iron highway s\?w>ds f ,wadi ,haifa4 ,kh>t\m 0 ! objective1 b ne>ly half a c5tury pass$ be=e ! iron horse appe>$ at ! latt] po9t1 = :5 ! ,kh$ive's railway got s f> z ,s>ras1 #cc miles s\?1 funds became exhau/$ & ! s*eme 0 ab&on$4 ,ano!r attempt 0 made 9 #ahhe-f1 on ! occasion ( ! ,nile ,exp$ition1 to resuscitate ! s*eme1 & by great ef=t ano!r #ec miles 7 tack$ on f ,s>ras to ,aka%a4 ,! life ( ! second section 0 %ort1 = :5 ! ,briti% =ces retir$ ! track 0 pull$ up by ! d]vi%es1 & ,s>ras rev]t$ to its position z ! s\!rn t]m9us4 ,:5 ,"l ,kit*5] 0 deput$ to cru% ! ,mahdi = once & = all1 he f\nd #a1bjj miles ( s&y des]t betwe5 him 9 ! nor? & ! seat ( ! fanatic's p[]4 ,! riv] 0 available = ! movem5t ( troops z 9 ! previ\s campaign1 b ! latt] _h emphasis$ ! disadvantages ( t highway ?r\gh ho/ile t]ritory4 ,he =esaw t only "o ag5cy w\ld enable him to accompli% ! desir$ end1 & t 0 ! railway4 ,among 8 (fic]s 0 a ,canadian eng9e]1 ,sir ,p]cy ,gir\>d1 & he discuss$ ! possibility ( build+ a l9e across ! des]t to span t inhospitable gap 9 ord] to p\r 8 troops aga9/ ! ,mahdi =ces4 ,! eng9e] realis$ ! situation & und]took to c>ry ! l9e s\?w>ds f ,wadi ,haifa4 ,! task 0 comm5c$ 9 #ahif1 & railway con/ruction 0 pu%$ =w>d ) su* spirit$ en]gy t ,k]ma1 at ! head ( ! cat>acts1 0 ga9$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,no great eng9e]+ difficulties 7 (f]$ because ! des]t is tol]ably level1 & ! s& provid$ a good f\ndation = ! /eel sleep]s1 or ties1 ) ! m9imum ( balla/+4 ,! great] "q 0 to ma9ta9 ! /eady supply ( requisite mat]ial s\?w>ds f ,alex&ria4 ,yet an av]age spe$ ( two miles p] day 0 ma9ta9$1 ! rails be+ laid = ! mo/ "p by natives1 assi/$ by bo? ,briti% & ,egyptians1 "u ! milit>y eng9e]s4 ,! objective 0 ,abu ,ham$1 :]e ! ,nile describes a big elb[1 & at t "t ?is po9t 0 9 ! h&s ( ! enemy4 ,its capture1 h[ev]1 by ! ,anglo-,egyptian troops result$ 9 a spe$+-up 9 con/ructional "w on ! advanc+ railway1 & ! #hj miles ( l9e into ?is t[n 7 laid 9 ab\t two mon?s4 ,cl++ to ! ea/ bank ( ! riv]1 x 0 driv5 s\?w>ds to ,atb>a1 :]e a halt 0 call$1 & :]e ! headqu>t]s 7 e/abli%$ = ! ,omdurman campaign4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 al?\gh ! railway has rea*$ ! capital ( ! ,sudan1 ,atb>a has n yet lo/ its importance f ! railway po9t ( view1 be+ ! adm9i/ration c5tre = ! :ole ,sudan ,gov]nm5t railway sy/em4 ,at ?is place ! ,nile is swell$ by ! wat]s ( ! ,atb>a ,riv]1 :i* fl[s 9 f ! ea/4 ,:ile ! campaign 0 9 progress communication betwe5 ! opposite banks 0 ma9ta9$ by means ( a wood5 bridge4 ,z ! riv]1 h[ev]1 is tempe/u\s :5 9 flood1 dur+ :i* p]iod x rises to a high level1 a m p]man5t /ructure 0 dem&$ = ! iron horse4 ,! wid? ( ! wat]way call$ = ! erection ( ov] #ajjj feet ( /eel bridg+4 ,:5 ! advance ( ! railhead 0 det]m9$1 x 0 decid$ to ru% ! railway across ! riv] be=e x once m rose 9 flood4 ,t5d]s 7 invit$1 only to be receiv$ ) dismay1 because x 0 f\nd t ! /ructure requir$ 0 ( su* an elaborate "* t no ,engli% firm w\ld und]take to complete x )9 two ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,con/ruction ,,tra9 ,,on ,,! ,,way ,,to ,,! ,,railhead ,,cross+ ,a ,,tempor>y ,,timb] ,,bridge ,illu/ration3 ,photos by c\rtesy ( ,a4 ,l4 ,lawley1 ,esq4 ,,! ,,longe/ ,,bridge ,,9 ,,africa1 #a1cjj ,,feet ,,9 ,,l5g?1 ,,across ,,! ,,kafue ,,riv] ,,! ,,cape ,,to ,,cairo ,,railway ,?is upset (ficial calculations sev]ely1 & accord+ly fre% t5d]s = a simpl] type ( bridge 7 call$4 ,! task 0 ?r[n op5 to ! _w1 & cel]ity ( con/ruction 0 ! primordial condition4 ,! ,briti% firms re-t5d]$1 b to _! disgu/ !y 7 beat5 hopelessly bo? 9 reg>d to ! co/ ( ! /ructure & ! "t 9 :i* x c\ld be erect$ by ! ,am]ican eng9e]s4 ,! result 0 t ! contract w5t to a ,philadelphia firm4 ,five weeks aft] ! receipt ( ! ord] ! /eel-"w left ,new ,york1 & )9 a fur!r few weeks communication across ! riv] 0 provid$ by #g spans ( /eel1 ea* #adg feet long1 re/+ on ca/-iron cyl9d]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,see page #afd ,,! 8,,hang+ ,,bridge10 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,railway ,,eng9e]+ ,,wond]s ,,( ,,! ,,d5v] ,,& ,,rio ,,gr&e1 ,,9 ,,! ,,royal ,,gorge ,,( ,,colorado ,! mo/ rem>kable feature ab\t ?is contract 0 ! public outcry t ensu$4 ,briti% me?ods 7 held up 9 comp>ison ) ,am]ican hu/le1 mu* to ! disp>ity ( ! =m]4 ,briti% build]s 7 assail$ z le?>gic1 w$d$ to obsolete me?ods1 & consequ5tly _h suff]$ ! p5alty ( su* cons]vatism by be+ beat5 9 a mo/ holl[ mann]4 ,! same critics1 h[ev]1 fail$ to %riek s l\dly 9 acclamation a ye> lat] 9 appreciation ( a ,briti% firm :i* accompli%$ a feat :i* ev5 />tl$ ! ,am]icans4 ,?is 0 9 connection ) a bridge ( five spans1 ea* #aje feet long1 :i* 0 turn$ out ( a ,midl& %op to replace ! /ructure :i* _h be5 de/roy$ by ! ,bo]s across ! ,tugela ,riv] 9 ,natal4 ,bo? ,briti% & ,am]ican eng9e]s 7 invit$ to t5d]1 & ! ,am]ican firms1 despite _! wond]ful organisation1 hu/l+ me?ods1 & _! rem>kable facilities = accompli%+ quick "w1 7 dismay$ to f9d t !y _h be5 beat5 by _! ,briti% rivals z holl[ z ! latt] _h be5 vanqui%$ "s mon?s be=e4 ,! successful firm roll$ #ajj tons ( /eel1 _h x inspect$1 te/$ & pass$ by ! ,natal ,gov]nm5t eng9e] 9 eight h\rs4 ,x _h und]tak5 to deliv] ! fir/ span )9 six weeks ( ! receipt ( ! ord]--z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 complet$ )9 n9ete5 days4 ,! ,am]icans !mselves admitt$ t ! ,briti% p]=mance 0 wond]ful1 & t complete rev5ge _h be5 tak5 = ! ,atb>a contract4 ,z ! railway pu%$ its way t[>ds ,kh>t\m1 ! ranks ( ! lab\r]s 7 swell$ by l>ge numb]s ( d]vi%es1 :o _h gr[n di%e>t5$ at ! result ( _! resi/ance to ! ,briti% advance on ! nor!rn bord]s ( ! ,mahdi's /ronghold1 _h realis$ ! impot5cy ( _! ef=ts1 & consequ5tly _h decid$ to ?r[ 9 _! lot on ! railway4 ,! increas$ lab\r enabl$ ! "w to be prosecut$ ev5 m en]getically1 ?\gh a c]ta9 am\nt ( "t 0 lo/ 9 drill+ ?is raw mat]ial into ! my/]ies ( wield+ ! :ite man's tools4 ,:5 ! d]vi%es fir/ saw ! locomotive !y m>vell$4 ,/eam 0 beyond _! compreh5sion4 ,!y believ$ /\tly t ! eng9e's boil] 0 pack$ ) animals1 & :5 ! driv] blew 8 :i/le _m fl$ 9 complete t]ror4 ,to !m ! agonis+ %riek ( ! animal on :eels 0 m t]rify+ ?an ! hail ( lead f a ,maxim gun4 ,inde$1 x is report$ t "o *ief1 :5 he saw a locomotive puff+ along sl[ly & labori\sly ) its load ( c>s1 w5t s f> z to assail ! ,briti% (fic]s = _! call\s cruelty 9 mak+ s small a bea/ pull su* a heavy1 long load6 ,! ,atb>a bridge1 aft] fulfill+ all requirem5ts = elev5 ye>s1 _h to be recon/ruct$4 ,x 0 n f\nd /rong en\gh to )/& ! heavy loads ( to-day1 = on ! ,sudan railway weights1 l5g?s & spe$s ( tra9s h increas$ /rik+ly dur+ a decade4 ,:5 ov]haul became imp]ative1 an ,engli% firm secur$ ! commission to rebuild ! ,am]ican /ructure1 & to-day !re is no?+ left ( ! bridge :i* provok$ su* acrimoni\s discussion at ! "t ( its erection4 ,ow+ to ! elaborate nature ( ! build+ op]ations a tempor>y bridge _h to be ?r[n across ! riv] to c>ry ! railway traffic4 ,:5 ,kh>t\m 0 ga9$ ano!r pause 0 unavoidable ow+ to ! necessity to cross ! ,blue ,nile 9 ord] to cont9ue s\?w>ds to ,s5n>4 ,?is arm ( ! great ,egyptian riv] is fickle1 = 9 times ( flood x ru%es along at "s #aa miles an h\r4 ,! contract = c>ry+ ! railway to ! opposite bank 0 secur$ by ! firm entru/$ ) ! ov]haul+ ( ! ,atb>a bridge1 & x is a noble "w ( its class4 ,! riv] be+ navigable1 facilities _h to be provid$ to p]mit vessels to pass up & d[n4 ,?is end 0 met by introduc+ an electrically op]at$ roll+ lift span work+ l a drawbridge4 ,to enable railway con/ruction to be c>ri$ on :ile ! riv] 0 be+ negotiat$ a tempor>y timb] bridge 0 ?r[n across ! wat]way4 ,:ile ?is 0 9 progress ! p[] ( ! wat]s ru%+ ?r\gh ?is tribut>y :5 9 flood 0 emphasis$ 9 no unc]ta9 mann]4 ,a consid]able quantity ( scaffold+ int5d$ = ! support ( ! /eel bridge dur+ erection 0 torn up & hurri$ d[n-/ream4 ,:5 ,s5n> 0 ga9$1 a deviation directly ea/w>d 0 made 9 ord] to ga9 ,el ,obeid1 :i* is ! c5tre ( ! gum trade1 "o ( ! mo/ prosp]\s & exp&+ indu/ries ( ! ,upp] ,sudan4 ,ow+ to its m conv5i5t situation on ! ma9 riv]1 ,omdurman always has be5 ! m>ket = ?is article1 ! supplies be+ convey$ across c\ntry by camel c>avan4 ,x is g5]ally consid]$ t n[ ,el ,obeid has be5 ga9$ by ! railway1 t ! decad5ce ( ,omdurman is c]ta91 b ?\gh ?is may be inevitable up to a po9t1 ! t[n is always b\nd to comm& a c]ta9 position ( importance inasmu* z x is ! c5tre ( a consid]able pilgrim traffic4 ,on ! advance to ,el ,obeid ! bridg+ ( ! ,:ite ,nile _h to be c>ri$ out1 & "h aga9 ,briti% eng9e]+ triumph$1 = ! contract 0 aw>d$ to ! build]s ( ! ,kh>t\m bridge4 ,?is firm1 ) ^! two ,nile bridges & ! ,victoria ,bridge across ! ,zambesi1 may be said to h impr9t$ _! "n indelibly 9 ,africa 9 connection ) bridge-eng9e]+4 ,! po9t ( cross+ is ,goz ,abu ,guma1 & ow+ to ! erratic "* ( ! ,:ite ,nile its design occupi$ consid]able delib]ation4 ,?is riv] is sluggi% bo? 9 "t ( flood & 9 ! dry season4 ,inde$1 x might be describ$ z a huge dit*4 ,:5 l[ ! wat] occupies a *annel ab\t #a1ejj feet 9 wid?1 b 9 ! wet season x sprawls across ! c\ntry = a matt] ( ?ree miles or s4 ,x 0 decid$1 h[ev]1 t ! bridg+ ( ! normal *annel w\ld suffice1 ! l9e be+ c>ri$ ov] ! "p subject to p]iodical inundation ^u well-built embankm5ts4 ,! ov]-wat] /ructure comprises #i /eel spans ea* #adf feet 9 l5g?1 & "o sw+-bridge span #bde feet 9 l5g? to p]mit navigation up- & d[n-riv]1 because ! ,sudan ,developm5t ,exploration ,company ma9ta9 a /eam%ip s]vice betwe5 ,kh>t\m & ,gondoroko1 ! head ( navigation on ! ,nile1 #a1jha miles f ,gordon's city4 ,! spans are #f feet above ! level ( ,high ,nile1 & are support$ on masonry pi]s sunk 9 /eel caissons1 or cyl9d]s1 "u ! ag5cy ( compress$ air1 to a dep? rang+ betwe5 #cj to #ej feet bel[ l[ wat]4 ,al?\gh ! iron l9k has /ret*$ beyond ,kh>t\m to ! s\?1 ,alex&ria & ,cairo are n 9 ?r\gh railway communication ) ! capital ( ,sudan1 #a1dhj miles away4 ,! ,egyptian railways h _! mo/ s\!rly outpo/ at ,%ellal1 j bel[ ,assuan1 :i* is ab\t #bd h\rs' j\rney f ! ,m$it]ranean seabo>d by ! ,:ite de luxe express4 ,! t]m9al ( ! ,sudan sy/em is at ,haifa1 j s\? ( ! bord] betwe5 ! two c\ntries4 ,! riv] ,nile con/itutes ! art]y ( communication betwe5 ^! two railway po9ts1 ! /eam] occupy+ ab\t #dj h\rs4 ,?is break 9 ! iron *a9 possesses di/9ct drawbacks1 ! mo/ s]i\s ( :i* is tran%ipm5t betwe5 /eam] & railway4 ,! exp5se & inconv5i5ce ( ?is r\te1 ) its break+ bulk1 react$ sev]ely ^u ! ,upp] ,sudan1 & accord+ly ! latt] ,gov]nm5t decid$ to secure an indep5d5t outlet to ! coa/4 ,!re 0 only "o means ( accompli%+ ?is end1 & t 0 to /rike ea/w>ds across c\ntry to ga9 ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,?is 0 n a simple ent]prise1 especially "u conditions :i* did n l5d !mselves to ! exp5diture ( a l>ge sum ( money4 ,an easy grad$ l9e 0 imp]ative1 & ! surveyors _h to se>* dilig5tly = su* a r\te1 because a range ( hills breaks away f ! nor!rn edge ( ! ,abyss9ian plateau1 to run p>allel ) ! coa/-l9e ( ! ,r$ ,sea to ! ,gulf ( ,suez4 ,inve/igations along ! coa/ result$ 9 ,suak91 #cje miles di/ant f ,atb>a1 be+ select$ z ! sea t]m9us1 & ! surveyors succe$$ 9 secur+ a location giv+ no banks heavi] ?an "o p] c5t41 & ) no curves ( a %>p] radius ?an #a1aee feet4 ,z ! con/ructional eng9e]s 7 confront$ ) "s heavy "w %ortly aft] leav+ ,suak91 9 ord] to ov]come ! coa/ range1 build+ 0 comm5c$ f bo? ends ( ! l9e simultane\sly4 ,?is proc$ure1 h[ev]1 did n prove entirely satisfactory1 ow+ to ! co/ & delay 9 br++ mat]ial d[n f ,alex&ria to ,atb>a1 s :5 ! eng9e]s at ! ,suak9 end _h subjugat$ _! ob/acle & ! mat]ial c\ld be l&$ easily f vessels & hurri$ to ! railhead1 op]ations 7 susp5d$ f ,atb>a4 ,! remot5ess ( ,suak91 h[ev]1 produc$ individual h&icaps1 ! greate/ ( :i* 0 9 reg>d to lab\r4 ,! scatt]$ natives 7 giv5 employm5t1 b z !y 7 unfamili> ) ! tools & me?ods !y did n prove successful1 & l>ge numb]s ( ,egyptians :o _h toil$ on ! o!r l9es 7 %ipp$ to ! ,r$ ,sea t]m9us4 ,!y 7 h\s$ 9 milit>y t5ts1 & a /rang] happ5+ sudd5ly ^u a railway camp might h be5 p>don$ = lab\r+ "u ! impression t he _h alight$ ^u an invad+ army "u canvas1 because ! t5ts 7 pit*$ 9 su* regul> r[s z to indicate milit>y occupation4 ,! m\nta9s occasion$ "s little anxiety ow+ to ! damage t 0 caus$ by wa%-outs due to ! heavy ra91 b ^! 7 soon ma/]$4 ,?is abundance ( wat] lat] on gave place to extreme sc>city1 = :5 ! con/ructional =ces _h p5etrat$ ! he>t ( ! des]t1 ?is commodity 0 f\nd only ) great difficulty & by inf9ite lab\r4 ,despite ^! drawbacks1 h[ev]1 ! #cje miles ( l9e 7 laid & op5$ = traffic )9 ! %ort space ( #ad mon?s1 :i* te/ifies to ! high /&>d ( ! con/ructional organisation & ! en]gy ) :i* ! und]tak+ 0 pu%$ =w>d4 ,! significance ( ?is bran* f ! ,nile to ! sea 0 reveal$ in/antly1 b un=tunately x 0 realis$ t ! t]m9al po9t on ! coa/ left mu* to be desir$4 ,fur!r inve/igation reveal$ a bett] site = a h>b\r #ej miles nor? ( ,suak91 & ?is po9t1 n[ kn[n z ,port ,sudan1 is ! t]m9us ( ! l9e1 ! h>b\r be+ equipp$ ) mod]n facilities = h&l+ traffic betwe5 %ip & railway4 ,! new port is connect$ by rail ) ,suak91 h[ev]1 :i* is be+ reta9$ z an outlet4 ,! railway w creep gradually s\?w>ds along ! bank ( ! ,:ite ,nile 9 all probability1 b 9 ! meantime ! riv] w con/itute ! art]y ( communication4 ,! wat]way ab\nds ) s&-b>s & o!r ob/ructions to navigation :i* provide v little dep? ( wat] 9 "s places1 b ! ,sudan ,developm5t ,exploration ,company h met ?is situation by ! utilisation ( /eam]s :i* draw extremely little wat] & are able to pass ?r\gh ! %all[s 9 p]fect safety4 ,! ,sudan ,gov]nm5t also ma9ta9s a /eam%ip connection betwe5 ,kh>t\m & ,gondoroko4 ,?is wat] l9k is ab\t #ajjj miles 9 l5g?1 & ! r\nd trip occupies ab\t #bc days4 ,a few ye>s ago ! possibility ( be+ able to proce$ s f> up ! riv] "u /eam 0 fe>$ to be impracticable1 ow+ to ! d5se masses ( float+ tangl$ masses ( vegetation1 or 8sudd10 :i* block$ ! riv]4 ,b ?is has be5 brok5 up & a cle> fairway is ma9ta9$4 ,z a result1 ,ug&a n[ has an outlet to ! ,m$it]ranean :i* c be develop$ consid]ably z ! nor!rn extremities ( t c\ntry are op5$ up4 ,un=tunately1 beyond ,gondoroko ! riv] _c be us$1 because = ab\t #ajj miles--f ,rejaf to ,dufile--!re is a cont9u\s *a9 ( rapids4 ,^! two po9ts !re=e w be connect$ by railway probably4 ,:5 ,dufile is ga9$ ! riv] c be us$ once m s f> z ,lake ,alb]t ,nyanza1 :]e ! l9e f ,cape ,t[n w\ld be met1 al?\gh !re is a belief t ! ,sudan ,gov]nm5t int5ds to pu% ! railway to a f> m s\!rn po9t4 ,x w be se5 t al?\gh ,rhodes' great s*eme 0 = a cont9u\s /eel road f nor? to s\?1 ?is idea has _h to be modifi$ 9 ord] to meet unexpect$ conditions1 :i* at ! "t ( ! railway's inception 7 n app>5t4 ,9 reality "o w travel f ! 8,cape to ,cairo0 ov] a comb9$ rail & wat] r\te longitud9ally ?r\gh ! cont95t4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t "o c cov] ! :ole j\rney by rail & wat]1 except = a di/ance ( ab\t #fjj miles1 & ?is gap is be+ clos$ rapidly4 ,z ! settlem5t ( ! c\ntry along ! l9e ( communication becomes effect$1 & ! heavy drawbacks incid5tal to tran%ipm5t become m & m emphasis$1 !re is no d\bt b t ! wat] r\te w be sup]s$$ gradually by ! railway1 s t 9 "t ! orig9al idea w be consummat$1 & tra9s w pass "r ?r\gh f ! ,cape to ,cairo ov] a cont9u\s pa? ( /eel "s #fjjj miles 9 l5g?4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,gridiron+ ,,! ,,rocky ,,m\nta9s ,if "o consults a map ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t1 x w be obs]v$ t ! roll+ pla9s1 /ret*+ we/w>ds f ! %ores ( ! ,great ,lakes1 are fr+$ on _! we/]n edge by a massive1 tumbl$ & l(ty wall--! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,?is is ! backbone ( ! ,new ,_w1 /ret*+ f ,mexico 9 ! s\? to f>-away ,alaska 9 ! nor?1 on ! slopes ( :i* rise ! mighty riv]s to fl[ ea/ & we/ to swell ! wat]s ( ! ,atlantic & ! ,pacific4 ,_! successful conque/ by ! iron horse on its way f coa/ to coa/ contributes "s ( ! mo/ ?rill+ incid5ts to railway hi/ory4 ,if ! map is consult$ closely x w be se5 t ?is range assumes its mo/ brok5 "* 9 ! ,/ate ( ,colorado4 ,"h ,nature became unduly playful 9 h] process ( m\ld+1 & left h] h&iwork 9 a badly-f9i%$ condition4 ,beetl+ peaks cr[n$ ) et]nal sn[ are sep>at$ by yawn+ rav9es--m]e cracks 9 ! e>?'s cru/--:]e ! walls are half-a-mile or m 9 height1 & ?r\gh :i* riv]s foam & te> along tumultu\sly4 ,yet ! di%evell$ mass ( rock is int]sect$ by /eel ?reads :i* comprise ! respective sy/ems ( ! fam\s ,d5v] ,rio ,gr&e1 & ! ,*icago ,nor?-,we/]n railways1 ! latt] be+ kn[n popul>ly z ! 8,m(fatt0 road1 aft] its orig9ator4 ,to grasp "s idea ( ! exceptionally m\nta9\s "* ( ,colorado1 a comp>ison ) ,switz]l& may n be amiss4 ,?is ,/ate is s va/ t ! playgr\nd ( ,europe might be /[$ )9 its bord]s six times ov]1 & !n !re w\ld be sev]al hundr$ squ>e miles to sp>e4 ,among ! ,alps ! numb] ( peaks :i* jut _! p9nacles ov] #ac1jjj feet t[>ds ! cl\ds may be c\nt$ on ! f+]s ( ! h&s2 on ! o!r h&1 9 ,colorado !re are no less ?an #abj su* mon>*s1 #ce ( :i* rise to an altitude ( m ?an #ad1jjj feet4 ,9 o!r words1 !re are compress$ ab\t t5 times z _m l(ty summits 9 ! #aic1ibe squ>e miles compris+ ?is ,/ate z are to be f\nd scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,europe4 ,! village hav+ ! l(tie/ situation 9 ,europe is ,av]s ,platz 9 ,switz]l&1 :i* ne/les among ! ,swiss ,alps at an altitude ( #g1ejj feet above ! sea1 :ile ! highe/ inhabit$ po9t is ! ,hospice ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 at #h1bjj feet4 ,contra/ ei!r ( ^! ) ! fl\ri%+ t[n ( ,leadville1 ^: #ae1jjj inhabitants move1 live & h _! be+ at an elevation ( #aj1bjj feet above ! ocean4 ,yet ?is does n m>k ! upp]mo/ limit ( civilisation among ^! rocky fa/nesses1 because !re are sev]al prosp]\s m9+ camps at #ac1jjj feet or m4 ,! highe/ art]y ( traffic 9 ,europe is ! wond]ful ,/elvio road :i* enables ! ,tyrol to be cross$ at an altitude ( #i1jdb feet4 ,?is is a zigzagg+ highway = vehicul> & p$e/rian traffic4 ,9 ,colorado1 ! ,d5v] ,rio ,gr&e railway crosses ! backbone ( ! cont95t ?r\gh ?ree passes1 ea* ov] #aj1jjj feet above ! sea1 :ile at ,ibex ! /ation plat=m is at an altitude ( #aa1ebb feet4 ,on ! ,m(fatt road1 9 ord] to ov]come ! range1 ! metals are lift$ /ill high] at ! ,roll9s ,pass--to #aa1fjj feet1 or ne>ly #b miles above ! ,atlantic4 ,incalculable m9]al weal? lies buri$ 9 ! he>ts ( ^! peaks1 & x 0 ! discov]y ( ?is ri* /oreh\se ( ,nature t l$ to ! op5+ up ( ! c\ntry by ! iron road4 ,!re 0 a gold ru% 9 #ahei1 foll[$ by a silv] /rike1 & ,leadville 0 "o ( ! fir/ t[ns to spr+ into exi/5ce 9 ! wild scramble = sudd5 weal?4 ,?\gh ?is locality ne/les 9 ! range "s #gj miles di/ant1 ! pione] m9]s brav$ p]ils & privations untold to ga9 ?is hub1 & ! t[n sprang up z if by magic4 ,b ! isolation ( ! situation1 & ! lack ( transportation facilities soon became manife/ to an acute degree4 ,e ounce ( mat]ial _h to be c>ri$ to & fro f ! outside _w by wagon1 mule-pack1 or manual ef=t1 involv+ an exhau/+1 sl[ & exp5sive j\rney ?r\gh deep gul*es & ov] brok5 m\nta9 trails4 ,! cry = a railway 0 rais$1 b x 0 difficult to f9d pockets suffici5tly deep or capitali/s s plucky z to f9ance su* an und]tak+4 ,h[ev]1 con/ant agitation ma9ta9$ = ye>s bore its fruit4 ,a small company 0 =m$1 & ! ,pueblo ,arkansas railway 0 comm5c$4 ,! promot]s %rank some:at f ! project1 fe>+ t con/ruction w\ld run into su* a prohibitive figure z to br+ ru9ation 9 its wake1 s !y resolv$ to sp5d ! m9imum am\nt ( money on ! s*eme4 ,to ?is end !y decid$ to foll[ ! easie/ r\te available1 & sugge/$ ! c\rse ( ! ,arkansas ,riv] f ,pueblo into ! m\nta9s1 & !n at a conv5i5t po9t to /rike into ! range to make ! asc5t to ,leadville4 ,yet ^? half-he>t$ f9anci]s _h vision>y dreams1 & 7 spurr$ on by a c]ta9 am\nt ( ambition4 ,!y did n int5d to come to a dead-end at ,leadville1 b once !y _h ga9$ ! high] level1 to pu% "r across ! ,cont95tal ,divide to ,salt ,lake ,city1 & !nce to ! ,pacific ,coa/4 ,"s ?irty ye>s pass$ by1 h[ev]1 be=e ! latt] "p ( ! project 0 complet$4 ,?\gh ! c\rse along ! ,arkansas ,riv] 0 select$ z ! *eape/ & easie/ r\te1 ! prelim9>y surveys suffic$ to demon/rate t ev5 t location w\ld (f] difficulties out ( ! ord9>y4 ,! #i miles run ?r\gh ! ,royal ,gorge1 "o ( ! natural wond]s ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 promis$ a heavy /ruggle4 ,?is defile at places is #b1gjj feet deep1 & ! walls rise up s p]p5dicul>ly z to defy ! slighte/ foo?old to a *amois1 let alone a railway4 ,! bottom ( ! gul* 0 f\nd to be occupi$ by ! turbul5t wat]s ( ! riv]1 :i* 9 times ( flood lapp$ ! base ( ! m\nta9 wall on ei!r side1 ?\gh at normal level a n>r[ %elf 0 expos$ at ! foot ( "o cliff4 ,! eng9e] responsible = ! build+ ( ! l9e1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,a4 ,rob9son1 decid$ to seize t %elf4 ,x c\ld be made j wide en\gh to c>ry ! l9e & no m1 :ile x c\ld be rais$ suffici5tly to escape ! ravages ( high wat]4 ,! riv] 0 kept )9 b\nds by a wall ( r\gh1 heavy masonry c>ri$ to a po9t well above ! highe/ wat]m>k1 & on ?is ! track 0 laid ^u a b$ ( rock balla/ hewn f ! m\nta9 slopes4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ! ea/]n portal ( ! rav9e 0 ga9$ a s]i\s ob/acle loom$ up4 ,! l$ge :i* ! eng9e] _h press$ into s]vice up to ?is po9t disappe>$ abruptly into ! wat]1 & did n reappe> = "s di/ance beyond4 ,! two sides ( ! canyon1 t[]+ up to ne>ly #cjjj feet1 come clos] toge!r1 leav+ only a n>r[ v5t b>ely #cj feet wide4 ,z a result ! riv] *annel is con/rict$1 & ! wat] ?und]s ov] ! b\ld]s ?r\gh ! w$ge-%ap$ defile ) ! velocity ( a cat>act4 ,! eng9e] 0 br\ght to a full-/op4 ,h[ 0 he to span t gap8 ,! "* ( ! torr5t absolutely prev5t$ any possibility ( s9k+ pi]s 9 ! wat]way to c>ry a bridge across ! brea* 9 ! l$ge4 ,nor c\ld a pa? be c>v$ out ( ! m\nta9-side to c>ry ! l9e ar\nd ! ob/acle1 because ! maximum gradi5t _h be5 atta9$ already on ei!r approa* to ! gap4 ,z ,mr4 ,rob9son relat$1 ! fir/ solution t occurr$ to 8 m9d 0 to tunnel ! %\ld]1 & ?us to avoid ! difficulty completely4 ,b ! bogey ( exp5se /ood 9 8 way4 ,!re 7 sc>cely suffici5t funds available to build a surface l9e1 &1 "u ^! circum/ances1 tunnell+ 0 q out ( ! "q4 ,moreov]1 x w\ld h requir$ consid]able "t1 & ! public 0 clam\r+ wildly = ! completion ( ! l9e4 ,he haunt$ ! gorge = days1 & sp5t mu* midnight oil 9 ! hope ( discov]+ "s simple1 quick & *eap means ( solv+ ! problem4 ,b ! que/ seem$ hopeless4 ,!n sudd5ly x occurr$ to him t1 z he c\ld n hope = assi/ance f ! riv]-b$1 :y n =ce ! walls ( ! rav9e to 8 aid8 ,9 %ort1 :y n sl+ a bridge f ! cliff faces on ei!r h&8 ,!reupon he evolv$ a plan to ?r[ heavy iron gird]s 9 ! mann] ( raft]s across ! gul*1 to an*or _! ends to ! solid rock1 & !n to susp5d ! bridge c>ry+ ! metals f ?is /ructure 9 su* a way t "o side abutt$ aga9/ ! wall4 ,! m he pond]$1 ! m conv9c$ he became ( its practicability1 despite ! fact t x 0 some?+ entirely new to railway eng9e]+4 ,be+ intimately acqua9t$ ) ! late ,mr4 ,c4 ,%al] ,smi?1 :o at t "t 0 "o ( ! =emo/ consult+ bridge-eng9e]s 9 ! c\ntry1 he communicat$ 8 plans to him4 ,! consult+ eng9e] 0 int]e/$1 & arrang$ to accompany ! design] to ! site to judge ! feasibility ( ! s*eme at fir/ h&1 & aft] acqua9t+ himself ) ! prevail+ conditions4 ,z a result ( ?is inve/igation1 ,mr4 ,smi? concurr$ 9 ! me?od ( spann+ ! gap1 & !re & !n ! arrangem5ts = c>ry+ out ! "w 7 comm5c$4 ,x 0 realis$ t ! task 0 some:at delicate1 & ,mr4 ,rob9son accord+ly entru/$ ! prelim9>y op]ations to ,mr4 ,j4 ,o4 ,osgood1 :o 0 appo9t$ ,division ,eng9e] on ?is section ( ! railway4 ,mr4 ,osgood c>ri$ out ! :ole ( ! surveys = 8 *ief p]sonally to facilitate ! accurate design & details ( ! :ole /ructure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,railway ,,two ,,miles ,,above ,,! ,,sea ,! ,d5v] & ,rio ,gr&e at ! summit ( ,m>%all ,pass4 ,! s9u\s r\te ( ! l9e may be foll[$ = miles4 ,! surveyor relat$ to me t :5 he fir/ ent]$ ! canyon no "o _h ev] trav]s$ ! gorge at t po9t1 except on ! ice1 = ! simple reason t x 0 impassable4 ,nor c\ld "o get across by clamb]+ along ! rock face :]e ! l9e 0 to g1 z x 0 too /eep4 ,! situation 0 fir/ reconnoitr$ f all practicable po9ts ( vantage4 ,!n1 9 ord] to complete ! ess5tial prelim9>y "w1 he caus$ a n>r[ pa?way--no?+ m ?an a l$ge1 f #ab to #ah in*es 9 wid?--to be hewn 9 ! cliff above ! site1 f :i* he made 8 f9al surveys4 ,illu/ration3 ,a 8,,d\ble-,,head]10 ,,climb+ ,,! ,,cliff ,,( ,,animas ,,canyon ,,on ,,! ,,d5v] ,,& ,,rio ,,gr&e ,,railway ,! cutt+ ( ?is pa? 9 itself 0 a t$i\s task1 & gave "s idea ( ! lab\r t w\ld h be5 involv$ 9 tunnell+ ! rock4 ,?is n>r[ %elf1 h[ev]1 prov$ ( ine/imable value 9 h&l+ ! heavy ov]head memb]s ( metal & sett+ !m into position4 ,! dim5sions & weight ( ! latt] _h to be kept z l[ z possible to facilitate h&l+ "u ! peculi>ly cramp$ conditions4 ,actual erection 0 excit+ & haz>d\s4 ,! m5 _h to be l[]$ by ropes & _h to ply _! tools :ile sw++ 9 mid-air or :5 cl++ to prec>i\s foo?olds4 ,h[ev]1 ! cumbr\s ov]head pieces 7 successfully set 9 position1 ! ends 7 bolt$ to brackets sunk deeply into ! cliff faces1 & f ^! gird]s ! track floor 0 susp5d$1 ! ends re/+ on ! solid edges ( ! rocky l$ge1 :ile "o side 0 b$d$ aga9/ ! wall4 ,su* is ! /ory1 z communicat$ to me by ! eng9e]s1 ( ! orig9 & erection ( :at ranks z an unp>allel$ novelty 9 eng9e]+4 ,! 8,hang+ ,bridge0 0 built 9 ! ,royal ,gorge ne>ly #cj ye>s ago1 & al?\gh ! fir/ /ructure has be5 replac$ by "o ( l>g] & heavi] dim5sions to accommodate weighti] tra9s1 ! fundam5tal pr9ciple is precisely ! same z conceiv$ by ,mr4 ,rob9son4 ,yet ! 8,hang+ ,bridge0 is b "o ( _m eng9e]+ wond]s to be f\nd on ?is railway4 ,g :]e "o w ov] its #a1hjj miles ( track among ! ,rockies1 & "s /rik+ & d>+ "w confronts "o at e turn4 ,"h ! railway ?reads its way ?r\gh a w9d+ abyss1 !re x passes ov] ! cr[n ( a t[]+ peak1 or toils labori\sly up ! side ( a %e]+ cliff4 ,no two miles are alike4 ,9 all x trav]ses five yawn+ canyons1 ea* possess+ a /range individuality1 & crosses ! m\nta9 backbone by :i* ! cont95t is split 9 twa9 by ?ree diff]5t passes4 ,level sections are practically unkn[n4 ,x is "o cont9u\s up-hill pull up ! "o1 ) a long coa/ d[n-hill ) /eam %ut (f1 on ! o!r1 side--a swit*back ^u a /up5d\s scale4 ,let u take ! r\te ov] ! ,m>%all ,pass4 ,at ,pon*a1 on ! ,atlantic side1 ! l9e is at an altitude ( #g1dhj feet4 ,! summit is six miles away by ! iron road1 b 9 t di/ance ! tra9 has to climb /eadily at #baa feet to ! mile ov] an extremely me&]+ r\te4 ,! m\nta9s become wild] & m brok5 z ! summit is approa*$4 ,! eng9e] took advantage ( e natural facility t op5$ up to him4 ,9 turn ! rail crawls along l$ges cut 9 ! m\nta9 flanks1 ov] l(ty embankm5ts1 spid]y tre/les1 d\bl+ & r$\bl+ ^u itself 9 ! mo/ amaz+ mann]4 ,! occasional pres5ce ( sn[-%$s draws att5tion to ! fact t ! metals are above ! sn[-l9e1 & ! _m t]rible dang]s to :i* ! track is expos$ f avalan*es & l&slides4 ,two huge eng9es are requir$ to negotiate ! heavy asc5t1 & at la/1 :5 ! top is atta9$1 ! tra9 is #bgf feet 9 excess ( two miles above ! ,atlantic on ! ea/]n1 & ! ,pacific on ! we/]n side1 respectively4 ,! tortu\s pa? ( ! iron road is reveal$ bel[ 9 a graphic mann]4 ,x may be se5 9 no less ?an f\r sep>ate t]races1 ris+ 9 /eps "o above ! o!r1 ! l[e/ be+ almo/ invisible1 connect$ by huge loops1 until x f9ally w9ds away & is lo/ 9 ! dim haze ( ! horizon4 ,! desc5t is a replica ( ! asc5t--! same gradi5t prevail+1 viz4 #baa feet to ! mile4 ,no /eam p[] :atev] is ne$$ to drive ! tra94 ,x is travel by m]e gravitation alone1 held 9 *eck by ! p[]ful air-brakes4 ,yet ! railway is cross+ ! ,divide at ano!r po9t "s miles to ! nor? rises twice to an altitude exce$+ #aj1jjj feet4 ,?is is on ! ext5sion ( ! orig9al l9e f ,pueblo to ,leadville1 :]e1 aft] leav+ ! m9+ t[n1 !re is a t$i\s climb to ,fremont ,pass1 :]e ! track is laid #aa1ccj feet above ! sea4 ,a few miles to "o side ! l9e atta9s its maximum altitude1 ) #aa1ebb feet1 at ,ibex /ation1 on a %ort bran* road4 ,aft] negotiat+ ! ,pass !re is a %>p desc5t to ,leadville junction1 :]e ano!r locomotive has to be hit*$ on to haul ! tra9 up a bank1 ris+ #baa feet to ! mile1 to ! summit ( ,t5nessee ,pass1 ly+ at #aj1bdj feet1 ! highe/ po9t be+ ga9$ 9 a tunnel1 "o mile 9 l5g?1 bor$ ?r\gh ! m\nta9 peak4 ,on ! s\!rn section ( ! sy/em ! l9e passes ?r\gh "s ( ! wilde/ & mo/ impressive c\ntry x is possible to conceive1 & "t aft] "t ! con/ructional eng9e] 0 puzzl$ sorely z to ! be/ r\te = ! road4 ,x ov]comes ! ,divide ?r\gh ! ,cumbres ,pass4 ,on ! up-hill pull ! railway skirts a t[]+ m\nta9 spur1 mak+ a det\r ( f\r miles to circumv5t ! ob/acle1 & !n bur/s sudd5ly into a /range c\ntry4 ,/range monoli?s re> up on all sides _! fanta/ically w9d- & wea!r-c>v$ sides1 gli/5+ weirdly 9 ! sunlight4 ,! l9e sw+s r\nd ^! grotesque evid5ces ( ,nature's h&iwork 9 a %>p b5d kn[n appropriately z 8,phantom ,curve10 & !n disappe>s into ! dep?s ( ! ,toltec tunnel1 :i* is c>v$ ?r\gh solid granitic rock = "s #fjj feet4 ,! peculi>ity ( ?is "w is t x is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! cre/1 & n ! base ( ! peak1 = ! opposite portal ( ! tunnel /&s on ! br9k ( a precipice :i* drops plumb a qu>t] ( a mile into ! valley4 ,?is gulf is spann$ by a solid masonry bridge almo/ z wond]ful z ! ,hang+ ,bridge4 ,x recalls a swall['s ne/ built "u ! eaves ( a ro(1 = x is ?r[n across ! gap to ! opposite m\nta9 l$ge 9 ! =m ( a balcony4 ,sudd5 em]g5ce f ! inky blackness ( ! m\nta9's he>t to ?is frail-look+ l9k ) ! fr[n+ wall opposite1 & ! dep? ( ! fissure is decid$ly />tl+4 ,if ! ,eiffel ,t[] 7 plant$ 9 ?is gorge x w\ld be dw>f$ into insignificance1 = its topmo/ plat=m w\ld be ov] #ejj feet bel[ ! railway track4 ,to ?r[ ! bridge across ?is rift ! m5 _h to be slung out f d]ricks1 manipulat+ _! tr[els f an un/eady plat=m--! snap ( a rope1 a miss$ foot+1 & c]ta9 dea? on ! spl9t]+ crags bel[ await$ ! unlucky4 ,x is ^u ?is same section t "o trav]ses ! wond]ful ,ophir ,loop1 by means ( :i* ! ,divide at ,dallas is negotiat$4 ,! t[]+ ,ophir m\nta9 /&s directly 9 ! pa? ( ! l9e4 ,a det\r 0 impossible2 ! m\nta9 _h to be asc5d$1 b 9 s do+ ! eng9e] impos$ a fe>ful task ^u ! locomotives4 ,! rise is #d p] c5t4 ,9 o!r words1 = e #be feet ! tra9 advances1 x has to rise #ab in*es4 ,! l9e skirts ! base ( ! m\nta91 describes a %>p semicircul> curve1 & !n runs directly backw>ds1 ! track be+ p>allel ) t a few feet bel[4 ,! ,/elvio road ov] ! ,alps is a wond]ful zigzag climb1 b x does n d\ble & re-d\ble m ?an ?is asc5t up ,ophir m\nta94 ,t]race aft] t]race ( track is left bel[1 ext5d+ ?r\gh cutt+1 ov] embankm5t & high tre/les1 until ! top is ga9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cross+ ,,! ,,cont95tal 8,,divide0 ,,on ,,! 8,,m(fatt0 ,,road ,! tra9 has climb$ f ! track at ! bottom ( ! picture to ! top ( ! cliff4 ,?\gh ! asc5t & desc5t ( ! passes are impressive1 !y are equall$ 9 _! d>+ by ! w9d+ ?r\gh ! rugg$ canyons ba!d 9 ev]la/+ %ad[s ca/ by ! m\nta9s4 ,! ,royal ,gorge is only "o out ( five t are ?read$4 ,! o!rs are equally awe-inspir+1 b ea* has a totally diff]5t aspect4 ,!re is ,animas canyon4 ,! "n ( ! gorge is musical--8,rio de las animas p]didas10 & trips readily (f ! tongue1 b ! ,spani>ds 7 adept 9 *ri/5+ ,nature's wond]s4 8,! ,riv] ( ,lo/ ,s\ls0 is melan*oly1 b h[ /rik+ly suitable6 ,! :ole b$ ( ! canyon is occupi$ by ! riv]4 ,!re 0 no conv5i5t %elf by ! wat]'s side to c>ry ! track4 ,! walls rise v]tically on ei!r side1 & ! foam ( ! wat] z x tumbles ?r\gh ! gul* is scatt]$ high on ei!r wall4 ,! eng9e]1 depriv$ ( a natural pa?way1 cut "o = himself4 ,& x does n cl+ to ! riv]'s side4 ,x is high up on "o wall1 & 0 bla/$ foot by foot out ( ! solid rock4 ,at "o po9t x is #ajjj feet above ! wat]1 & ! grade is necess>ily /eep z ! riv]-b$ rises v abruptly t[>ds its upp] end1 :]e ! l9e em]ges b a few feet above ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo1 ,c4 ,l4 ,mc,clure1 ,d5v] ,,! ,,m(fatt ,,railway ,,play+ 8,,hide-,,&-,,seek0 ,,among ,,! ,,tunnels ,,9 ,,gore ,,canyon ,:5 ! pione] eng9e]s laid ?is rem>kable railway ! exig5cies ( ! pres5t 7 _! sole conc]n4 ,z ye>s roll$ by ! n>r[ gauge prov$ a h&icap1 s x 0 conv]t$ to ! #d feet #h in*es gauge4 ,b z !re 0 /ill a consid]able am\nt ( n>r[-gauge traffic1 ! l9e is adapt$ = bo? classes ( work+1 !re be+ ?ree rails laid1 s t x is z easily available = ! n>r[- z ! /&>d-gauge vehicles4 ,!n ! necessity arose = d\bl+ ! track to give an up-&-d[n ma9 l9e ?r\gh ,eagle ,riv] canyon4 ,! surveys soon conv9c$ ! eng9e] t x 0 absolutely impracticable to p>allel ! orig9al l9e1 z ! e>?works along ! tortu\s riv] c\ld n be wid5$ to c>ry ! second pair ( metals4 ,consequ5tly1 !y _h to be laid on ! opposite side ( ! wat]1 at a co/ ( #bj1jjj1 or #ajj1jjj1 p] mile = #e miles4 ,! result is t n[ ! riv] has a canal appe>ance1 its limits be+ b\nd$ on ei!r side by solid masonry4 ,a few ye>s ago a well-kn[n bank] & prom95t citiz5 ( ! city ( ,d5v]1 ! late ,david ,h4 ,m4 ,m(fatt1 ! ,silv] ,k+1 creat$ a s5sation by sugge/+ t ! "t 0 opportune to give ! important trade c5tre 9 :i* he resid$ m direct communication ) ! ,pacific coa/4 ,he po9t$ out t be=e sett+ directly we/w>ds1 "o _h ei!r to travel #ajg miles to ! nor? to jo9 ! ,union ,pacific1 or #aaj miles s\?-ea/ to ,pueblo4 ,:y %\ld n ?is mileage be sav$ & ! j\rney accel]at$ by foll[+ ! bird's c\rse t[>ds ,salt ,lake ,city8 ,not)/&+ ! sev]ely brok5 "* ( ! ,rockies1 he decid$ to drive 8 railway almo/ 9 an air-l9e4 ,! surveyors po9t$ out t approximately #ge p] c5t4 ( ! track c\ld be laid along riv] banks ?read+ ! m\nta9s :]e grades & curves c\ld be kept tol]ably easy4 ,! greate/ & co/lie/ features ( ! s*eme 0 ! d\ble toil ov] ! ,great ,divide4 ,! m\nta9 ramp>ts practically lock ,d5v] 9 ^u its we/]n side1 & ! railway makes a direct plunge into ! mass4 ,! ,s\? ,b\ld] canyon af=ds ! causeway = ! railway ?r\gh ! fir/ clump4 ,c]ta9ly ! gorge is well nam$1 = its sides are ragg$ 9 ! extreme1 precipit\s1 & /rewn ) ugly1 project+ masses ( rock4 ,be+ unhamp]$ f9ancially1 ! eng9e]s 7 enjo9$ to c>ry _! "w out ^u ! mo/ solid l9es4 ,timb] tre/l+ across clefts on ! hill-side 0 to be avoid$2 ! l9e 0 to be c>ri$ well above ! riv]1 & 9 su* a mann] t easy alignm5t 0 secur$4 ,?is involv$ keep+ well into ! side ( ! m\nta9s1 only to meet ob/acles 9 ! =m ( massive humps ( rock project+ f ! slopes4 ,!y c\ld n be bla/$ away--! only solution 0 tunnell+4 ,consequ5tly1 ! tra9 plays a game ( hide-&-seek z x d>ts 9 & out a *a9 ( tunnels4 ,9 ! c\rse ( #ac miles !re are no less ?an #cj tunnels ?r\gh ^! spurs1 rang+ f #gc to #a1gbj feet 9 l5g?1 & aggregat+ #af1jjj feet 9 all4 ,x 0 ! con/ant recurr5ce ( ^! tunnels t provok$ a qu]ul\s travell] to ask :y ! eng9e]s did n 8tunnel ! range ! same z !y d 9 ! ,alps & h done ) x80 ,9 ord] to fulfil ! dem& ( ! 8,silv] ,k+10 heavy excavation 0 inevitable4 ,! rock ?us remov$ 0 put to useful acc\nt to fill crevices & rifts to avoid tre/l+4 ,x 0 exp5sive con/ruction1 b at ! same "t x ensur$ an excell5t p]man5t way--p]man5t 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by c\rtesy ( ,am]ican ,locomotive ,co4 ,,! ,,gigantic ,,sn[pl\gh1 ,,! ,,l>ge/ ,,yet ,,built1 ,,:i* ,,keeps ,,! ,,high] ,,levels ,,( ,,! 8,,m(fatt0 ,,l9e ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,rocky ,,m\nta9s ,,free ,,f ,,! ,,heavy ,,falls ,,( ,,sn[ ,:5 ,b\ld] ,riv] canyon 0 ?read$ ! rise to ! ,cont95tal ,divide comm5c$4 ,! precise po9t at :i* ?is %\ld be effect$ dem&$ repeat$ survey+1 & "s "t pass$ be=e ! eng9e]s f\nd ! %orte/ & easie/ pa? ?r\gh ! range4 ,?is 0 by means ( a tunnel ?r\gh ! summit4 ,a heavy piece ( "w 0 advocat$--#b miles 9 l5g?--b z consid]able "t w\ld be requir$ = its completion1 x 0 decid$ to take ! metals "r ov] ! cre/s1 ) a tempor>y l9e ( #bh miles1 9 ord] to proce$ ) ! grade & to op5 up ! c\ntry beyond1 leav+ ! bor+ ( ! tunnel till a lat] date4 ,consequ5tly1 ! track 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh ,roll9s ,pass1 #aa1fjj feet above ! level ( ! sea1 ?r\gh a _w ( p]petual sn[4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,deep ,,cutt+ ,illu/ration3 ,see page #ahj ,,bor+ ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,t5 ,,tunnels ,cutt+ out ! 8,great ,zigzag0 on ! ,new ,s\? ,wales ,gov]nm5t ,railway4 ,to lift ! l9e ov] t summit prov$ a trem5d\s task3 x involv$ ! lay+ out ( trem5d\s curves & wide1 sweep+ loops4 ,:5 built1 x 0 q z difficult to keep op5 dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 :5 ! ,rockies are swept ) t]rific blizz>ds1 :i* bury ! /eel highway deeply b5ea? hills ( sn[4 ,yet arrangem5ts 7 complet$ to meet ?is em]g5cy4 ,a rot>y sn[-pl\gh1 ! bigge/ & mo/ p[]ful ( its type t ev] _h be5 design$1 0 acquir$4 ,) ?is huge ma*9e ! sn[-gangs 7 out f morn+ to night1 b !y kept t n>r[ *annel ( communication cle>1 ?\gh x 0 almo/ a hopeless task at times4 ,:ile ! railway 0 be+ pu%$ on f ! we/]n side ( ! range1 ! bor+ ( ! tunnel 0 tak5 9 h&4 ,x 0 urg5t1 = x r$uc$ ! summit1 #b1bjj feet bel[ ,roll9s ,pass1 ! portals ( ! tunnel be+ #i1icj feet above ! sea on ei!r side1 ris+ !refrom at #a 9 #djj to ! tunnel's c5tre l9e4 ,al?\gh ! tunnel takes ! bulk ( ! traffic bo? summ] & w9t]1 ! r\te ov] ,roll9s ,pass has n be5 ab&on$ entirely4 ,! excursion traffic m\nts to ! #aa1fjj feet1 = f t trem5d\s altitude ! panorama ( gli/5+ sn[ & glaci] caps is magnific5t4 ,:at su* a summit means may be grasp$ bett]1 p]haps1 by comp>ison ) ! maximum altitudes atta9$ on ,briti% railways4 ,! ,scotti% ,highl&s railway rises to #a1dhd feet above sea-level betwe5 ,dal:9nie & ,dalnaspiel1 :ile ! ,great ,we/]n climbs to #a1cgc feet at ,pr9ceton1 ,d>tmoor4 ,su* altitudes are trivial beside ! dizzy summits atta9$ on ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,yet ! tunnel "u ! ,roll9s ,pass br\ght its own b5efits4 ,by its provision ! t[n ( ,vasquez on ! we/]n slopes ( ! ,divide 0 br\ght #be miles ne>] ,d5v]1 ! di/ance be+ #ha miles by ! tempor>y l9e ov] ! ,pass1 & only #ef miles via ! tunnel4 ,su* r$uctions ( di/ances1 ) eas+ ( grades1 c\nt mat]ially 9 que/ions ( traffic n[adays4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,iron ,,horse ,,9 ,,au/ralasia ,i ,probably ow+ to its some:at remote geographical situation 9 relation to ! busy c5tres ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e b a hazy conception prevails ( ! great activity t has be51 & /ill is be+1 ma9ta9$ 9 reg>d to railway conque/s 9 ! f> s\!rn cont95t4 ,al?\gh l>ge expanses ( its t]ritory /ill rank z t]ra incognita1 ! iron horse is te>+ ! veil f ! unkn[n ) amaz+ rapidity2 x is fulfill+ ! dual role ( explor+ & colonis+ =ce simultane\sly4 ,sev]al impos+ feats ( eng9e]+ h be5 consummat$ 9 ! task ( wre/+ ! int]ior /ret*es ( ! c\ntry f oblivion4 ,z is well kn[n1 ! isl& cont95t is divid$ into five ,/ates1 & ea* has work$ out its own salvation by means ( an indep5d5t railway sy/em1 ?\gh ! practice has be5 ! same 9 ea* in/ance4 ,! e>ly l9es 7 laid ?r\gh ! fr+e ( settl$ t]ritory along ! coa/1 & "s "t pass$ be=e ! rails v5tur$ inl&4 ,z ! agricultural1 =e/ & m9]alogical weal? ( ! c\ntry became kn[n1 h[ev]1 & attract$ l>ge flocks ( settl]s1 ! map 0 roll$ back by ! railway 9 ! v>i\s /ates4 ,up to ! ye> #ahgj railway expansion develop$ v leisurely4 ,!n !re came a sudd5 awak5+4 ,railway developm5t w5t =w>d ) a trem5d\s ru%1 & ?is fev]i% expansion has be5 ma9ta9$ /eadily ev] s9ce4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 t !re 0 no g5]al plan ( campaign has 9 a c]ta9 measure produc$ confusion4 ,ea* ,/ate _h to consid] its individual purse & to calculate c>efully h[ mu* x c\ld af=d 9 ! "w ( railway colonisation4 ,! result is t !re is a sad lack ( uni=mity among ! gauges4 ,inde$1 ,au/ralia is worse 9 ?is respect to-day ?an 0 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?irty ye>s ago4 ,9 ! latt] c\ntry ?ree gauges /ruggl$ h>d = supremacy1 viz4 ! n>r[ #c feet #f in*es gauge1 ! /&>d gauge ( #d feet #h in*es1 & ! wide gauge ( #e feet #f in*es4 ,9 ,au/ralia ! gauges v>y f #b feet #f in*es to #e feet #c in*es4 ,= in/ance1 ,new ,s\? ,wales is ?read$ entirely by ! /&>d gauge ( ! _w--#d feet #h in*es--= "s #djjj miles4 ,its neighb\r to ! s\?1 ,victoria1 fav\rs bo? ! gauge ( #e feet #c in*es & t ( #b feet #f in*es2 its we/]n neighb\r1 ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 has ! wide gauge & ! int]m$iate gauge ( #c feet #f in*es2 ,que5sl& adopt$ ?is gauge also4 ,) su* a v>iegat$ sy/em ea* ,/ate becomes isolat$ s f> z ?r\gh railway communication is conc]n$2 *ange ( c>riage at ! bord]s is inevitable4 ,?is disadvantage is exp]i5c$ emphatically :5 x comes to ! transportation ( m]*&ise4 ,! locomotive made its debut 9 ,au/ralia 9 #ahhe1 9 :i* ye> ! fir/ l5g? ( railway f ,sydney to ,p>amatta 9 ! olde/ colony 0 op5$4 ,f t small beg9n+ ext5sion did n proce$ v rapidly1 = :ile ! population ( ,new ,s\? ,wales rema9$ small & scatt]$1 ! outlook f ! f9ancial po9t ( view 0 n promis+4 ,consequ5tly ! network only ext5d$ ov] #dgc miles #bj ye>s lat]4 ,s9ce #ahge1 h[ev]1 ! iron t5tacles h gr[n ) trem5d\s spe$1 no less ?an #b1iie miles ( track hav+ be5 laid 9 ! c\rse ( #cb ye>s4 ,9 ! e>ly days1 :ile money 0 sc>ce1 ! co/ ( con/ruction _h to be kept d[n v sev]ely4 ,! coa/ ( ,new ,s\? ,wales is hemm$ 9 by a high m\nta9 range1 set f #bj to #gj miles back f ! wat]'s edge4 ,?is b>ri] =ms ! rim ( a tablel& "s #bjj miles 9 wid?1 ext5d+ f ! extreme nor!rn to ! s\!rn bord] ( ! ,/ate1 & runs r\ghly p>allel ) ! %ore4 ,consequ5tly x 0 obvi\s t :atev] direction ! railways might take to tap inl& t]ritory1 ! m\nta9s _h to be cross$4 ,! ,/ate railway sy/em is divid$ into ?ree divisions1 ! ma9 nor!rn1 s\!rn & we/]n l9es respectively1 & ! range accord+ly is cross$ at ?ree po9ts4 ,! fir/ subjugation ( ?is rugg$1 fr[n+ b>ri] 0 br\ght ab\t by ! urg5t necessity to connect ,ba?ur/ ) ! coa/ at ,sydney4 ,ye>s be=e gold _h be5 discov]$ on ! highl&s a fl\ri%+ little community _h sprung up & _h f\nd$ a promis+ t[n4 ,b ! inhabitants felt _! isolation ke5ly1 & !y petition$ ! ,gov]nm5t rel5tlessly = railway communication4 ,at t "t ! l9e _h ga9$ a po9t kn[n z ,p5ri?1 ab\t #bb miles f ,sydney1 ly+ at ! foot ( ! m\nta9s1 & heavy exp5sive "w confront$ ! eng9e]s anxi\s to proce$ f>!r inl&4 ,moreov]1 ow+ to ! /eepness ) :i* ! edge ( ! plateau rim dropp$ into ! valley1 x 0 realis$ t ! metals w\ld h to be lift$ quickly to a great height4 ,z ! eng9e] 0 h&icapp$ by f9ancial /r+5cy he 0 compell$ to resort to h]oic measures4 ,he set to "w & succe$$ 9 r$uc+ ! co/l9ess ( ! e>?work by adopt+ grades ( #a 9 #cc1 introduc+ :at is kn[n z a 8zigzag40 ,! track1 in/ead ( climb+ ! bank cont9u\sly 9 t]races1 ) curves connect+ ! successive ti]s1 makes a diagonal cut up ! cliff face to a dead-end4 ,f ?is po9t ano!r /ret* ( l9e cuts simil>ly up ! flank1 to t]m9ate 9 ano!r dead-end1 to lead to ano!r diagonal rise1 & s on until ! upp] desir$ level is ga9$4 ,meiggs introduc$ a simil> sy/em :5 he built ! ,oroya railway to ov]come ! ,&es1 & 9 ! days ! 8zigzag0 0 c>ri$ out x 0 consid]$ ! only means ( solv+ ! situation ) ! m9imum ( exp5se4 ,! grades on ! 8zigzag0 7 z heavy z #a 9 #cj1 b _! introduction s]v$ to lift ! track to ! summit ( ! tablel& #c1ejj feet above sea-level at a di/ance ( #bh miles f ! capital4 ,"s tw5ty ye>s ago ?is 8,small ,zigzag10 z x 0 call$ to di/+ui% x f ! simil> & m impos+ "w ( ! same class on ! opposite side ( ! range1 0 cut out4 ,a direct desc5t 0 provid$ by driv+ a tunnel ?r\gh ! spur :i* ! zigzag foll[$1 & ! curves 7 eas$4 ,! re-alignm5t co/ ab\t #ej1jjj1 or #bej1jjj1 b ! int]e/ on ?is capital exp5diture is less ?an ! sav+ 9 ! exp5se ( work+ ! tra9s ov] ?is section4 ,ga9+ ! top ( ! spur1 ! railway cont9ues a g5tle asc5t until x not*es an altitude ( #c1feh feet1 :5 ! desc5t ( ! we/]n slope comm5ces4 ,! ,li?g[ valley is ! objective1 & ! precipice tumbles d[n sudd5ly = #fjj feet4 ,to c>ry ! l9e d[n ! m\nta9-side appe>$ impossible1 & :5 ! eng9e]-9-*ief1 ! late ,mr4 ,john ,:itton1 survey$ ! sc5e1 to say t he 0 p]turb$ fails to express 8 ?\ghts adequately4 ,he c\ld ov]come ! desc5t fairly easily if he 7 p]mitt$ to c>ry out tunnell+ op]ations1 :]eby he w\ld secure bo? easy grades & curves4 ,b he 0 ov]rul$4 ,tunnell+ 0 consid]$ too exp5sive & c\ld n be c\nt5anc$2 9 fact1 ! :ole conque/ ( ! m\nta9s provok$ a long-drawn-out & bitt] controv]sy4 ,! g5]al attitude t[>ds railways1 & ! slight k conc]n+ _! con/ruction & op]ation 9 ^? e>ly days1 is af=d$ f ! eng9e]-9-*ief's /ruggle ) ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al = p]mission to foll[ 8 own incl9ations1 :i*1 z he po9t$ out1 might entail heavy initial exp5diture1 b w\ld pay 9 ! long run4 ,:5 ! s*eme 0 unfold$ & ! eng9e] admitt$ t ! "w1 h[ev] accompli%$1 mu/ prove co/ly1 ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al po9t$ out t a highroad _h be5 built ov] ! m\nta9s = p$e/rian & wagon traffic4 ,consequ5tly he sugge/$ t ?is *annel %\ld be us$1 t ! l9es %\ld be laid 9 ! middle ( ! road1 & t ! tra9s %\ld be haul$ by horses6 ,! eng9e] _h consid]able difficulty1 & _h to resort to prolong$ communications & l5g?y explanations1 to impress ^u ! (ficial m9d t ! locomotive 0 ! be/ means ( haul+ tra9s4 ,he became s insi/5t1 & p]secut$ 8 dem&s s rel5tlessly t ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al1 probably sick at he>t ov] ! :ole ?+1 gave way at la/ to ! eng9e]'s importunities1 b /ipulat$ t ! con/ructional co/ %\ld n exce$ #bj1jjj1 or #ajj1jjj1 p] mile4 ,by impos+ ?is f9ancial drag ! (ficial possibly ?\ght t he _h discomfit$ ! eng9e]4 ,b ?is 0 by no means ! case4 ,c]ta9ly x rul$ tunnell+ out ( consid]ation z a means ( ov]com+ difficulty1 b x only s]v$ to /imulate ! eng9e]-9-*ief to some?+ m />tl+4 ,z he c\ld n make 8 way f ! summit to ! l[] level by ! direct r\te he decid$ to saw 8 way d[n ! precipice4 ,! rocky wall rose up = ab\t #dgj feet s /eeply z to defy a m\nta9 goat to secure a foo?old4 ,! surveyors _h to be l[]$ f ! top by means ( ropes & *a9s to c>ry out _! tasks ) ! transit & level to plot ! pa? = ! l9e4 ,"h & !re 7 wide1 deep ,v-%ap$ rifts break+ ! pr(ile ( ! precipice4 ,massive ar*es 9 masonry 7 ?r[n across ^! ob/ructions1 & a pa? 0 cut 9 ! side ( ! cliff to c>ry ! track4 ,! l9e /ruck along ! face = ab\t a mile1 desc5d+ /eadily #a 9 #db feet4 ,x !n came to a dead-end4 ,ano!r mile ( track ) ! same fall+ grade w\nd backw>d to t]m9ate 9 a second dead-end1 & l[] d[n came ano!r mile ( desc5t 9 ! rev]se direction to ga9 ! valley4 ,x requir$ #c miles ( l9e to c>ry ! track d[nw>ds #fjj feet4 ,:5 "o /ood at ! top ( ! 8,great ,zigzag0 "o saw ! ?ree ti]s ( track saw+ ! slope1 to disappe> f9ally 9 ! dep?s ( ! valley4 ,! eng9e 9 ! desc5t pull$ ! tra9 d[n ! top side ( ! s]rat$ road to ! dead-end1 pu%$ x backw>ds along ! second gall]y to ! second dead-end1 & f9ally haul$ x to ent] ! depression4 ,! 8,great ,zigzag0 = ye>s /ood z a /rik+ monum5t to ! +5uity responsible = ! "w1 = x is ev5 m d>+ ?an ,meiggs' fam\s ,v-swit*es4 ,z "t pass$ & ! railway traffic ( ! ,/ate increas$1 ! heav9ess ( ! grades1 ! %>pness ( ! curves & ! "t occupi$ 9 negotiat+ ! zigzag1 react$ m & m adv]sely ^u ! economical op]ation ( ! l9e4 ,moreov]1 x con/itut$ a s]i\s m5ace to safety1 al?\gh =tunately x nev] 0 ! sc5e ( an accid5t4 ,/ill1 a proposal = its abolition 0 advanc$ s f> back z #ahhe1 al?\gh x 0 realis$ t heavy & co/ly recon/ruction 0 ! only alt]native4 ,! propos$ deviation 0 discuss$ m or less = sev]al ye>s1 b 0 def]r$ f motives ( exp5se4 ,b :5 ! traffic _h ga9$ ! respectable proportions ( "s #b1ehe1jjj tons 9 #aijh1 x 0 recognis$ t ! inevitable c\ld be po/pon$ no long]4 ,x 0 po9t$ out t if !re 7 no zigzag ! numb] ( goods tra9s us+ ?is "p ( ! l9e c\ld be cut d[n by ov] #cj p] c5t41 s9ce a s+le locomotive w\ld be able to h&le a heavi] load & long] tra9 ?an 0 possible at t "t1 :ile s f> z pass5g] traffic 0 conc]n$1 no less ?an #fhf h\rs c\ld be sav$ e ye>1 & op]at+ exp5ses c\ld be r$uc$ #ej p] c5t1 ^u ?is division4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be=e ,,! ,,explosion ,,! ,,bla/ ,,! ,,cliff-,,face ,,dislodg$ ,,! ,,cliff-,,face ,,brok5 ,,up ,a ,,huge ,,bla/ #ce1jjj tons ( rock 7 dislodg$ by #aj1abe lb4 ( explosives4 ,accord+ly ! deviation 0 comm5c$4 ,! surveys = ! new l9e _h be5 prep>$ by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,deane1 ,m4,,in/4,c4,e41 :ile eng9e]-9-*ief = railway con/ruction4 ,he propos$ a s]ies ( tunnels built on a gradi5t ( #a 9 #ij runn+ ?r\gh a numb] ( spurs project+ f ! ma9 range1 & al?\gh ^! 7 int]cept$ by gul*es ! latt] c\ld be fill$ ) ! rock excavat$ f ! tunnel bor+s4 ,! l9e 9 _m places hugs /eep precipices :]e ! l& falls away v]tically = a di/ance ( #ajjj feet or s into ! ,k9ambla ,valley4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,puttapa ,,gap ,,bridge1 #bjj ,,feet ,,9 ,,l5g? ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,hook9a ,,creek ,,bridge ,9 ! summ] ! wat]c\rse is dry4 ,note ! measures adopt$ to protect ! pi]s f ! =ce ( ! flood wat]s4 ,,two ,,views ,,on ,,! ,,s\? ,,au/ralian ,,gov]nm5t ,,railways ,! task 0 comm5c$ 9 ,july #aijh "u ! guidance ( ,mr4 ,james ,fras]1 ,m4,,in/4,c4,e41 ! eng9e]-9-*ief = exi/+ l9es1 to :om ,i am indebt$ = ?is in=mation1 & 9 a %ort "t #ajjj m5 7 engag$ 9 bor+ ! tunnels & mak+ ! deep1 heavy cuts ?r\gh ! s&/one rock4 ,all tunnels 7 attack$ simultane\sly1 & ! bla/+ assum$ heavy proportions4 ,9 "o case a %aft 0 sunk practically to =mation-level4 ,:5 complet$ x 0 *>g$ ) ab\t #aj1jjj p\nds ( bla/+ p[d] & #abe p\nds ( gelignite4 ,x 0 fir$ electrically1 & ! splitt+ =ce ( ! explosives dislodg$ #ce1jjj tons ( rock4 ,9 ano!r case #ajjj p\nds ( bla/+ p[d] 7 tamp$ home 9 ! face ( a cliff1 & #aj1jjj tons ( rock 7 %iv]$ to be us$ = embank+ purposes4 ,9 ord] to ru% ! "w ?r\gh at tip-top spe$1 special arrangem5ts 7 made to facilitate ! h&l+ ( ! necess>y supplies & m51 z well z ! op]ation ( ! tools4 ,z ! new l9e pass$ #cej feet bel[ ! old l9e1 connection betwe5 ! two at ?is cross+ 0 effect$ by means ( a funicul> railway ) a grade ( #a 9 #a4hg4 ,! mat]ial 0 br\ght by rail to ! upp] end ( ?is tempor>y l9e1 & f a special sid+ 0 dispat*$ direct on to ! works4 ,a small electric g5]at+ /ation 0 set up1 & wires = ! transmission ( curr5t = p[] & light+ 7 /rung along ! r\te f end to end to compress ! air to drive ! rock drills1 = ! motors actuat+ ! v5tilat+ fans & also ! wat]-pumps4 ,! s*eme z orig9ally plann$ provid$ = ! build+ ( #f miles #heh y>ds ( new d\ble track1 :i* repres5t$ a sav+ ( #bb y>ds ^u ! l9e t 0 be+ displac$1 ?\gh ! curves & grades 7 easi]4 ,x 0 e/imat$ t ! e>?works w\ld involve ! h&l+ ( #dff1jjj cubic y>ds ap>t f ! tunnel bor+s4 ,elev5 tunnels 7 plann$1 repres5t+ a total l5g? ( #b1iia y>ds1 b dur+ ! "w x 0 decid$ to cut out "o tunnel z ! rock 0 f\nd to be %att]$4 ,consequ5tly x 0 conv]t$ into an op5 cutt+1 ! sides ( :i* are #acb feet high4 ,"s idea ( ! spe$ ) :i* ! task 0 pu%$ =w>d may be gaug$ f ! fact t 9 #aa mon?s #daj1jjj cubic y>ds ( excavation 7 complet$1 #a miles ( p]man5t way 7 laid ) a s+le l9e1 & #a1dcj y>ds ( ! tunnell+ 7 complet$4 ,! total co/ ( ! "w 0 e/imat$ at #bef1jjj1 or #a1bhj1jjj4 ,its rec5t completion1 al?\gh x relegates an impos+ eng9e]+ a*ievem5t to ! limbo ( ?+s t 71 has result$ 9 ! creation ( ano!r a*ievem5t equally z notable4 ,9 build+ ! nor? coa/ l9e :i* connects ,sydney ) ! ,que5sl& bord]1 a feat ( a totally diff]5t "* f ! zigzag 0 complet$4 ,?is is ! massive bridge1 #cjjj feet 9 l5g?1 :i* c>ries ! track across ! ,hawkesbury ,riv]1 #cf miles di/ant f ! capital4 ,x is divid$ into sev5 spans1 ea* ( :i* measures #daf feet 9 l5g?1 support$ on sub/antial masonry pi]s4 ,! erection ( ?is /ructure1 :i* /ill ranks z ! l>ge/ "w ( its type 9 ,au/ralia1 occasion$ consid]able difficulty1 bo? 9 reg>d to ! pi]s & ! sett+ ( ! /eel-"w into position4 ,inde$1 x is d\btful z to :i* section ( ! "w provok$ ! great] anxiety4 ,! difficulty ) ! pi]s 0 ! great dep? to :i* ! eng9e]s _h to desc5d to secure a f\ndation1 because 9 mid-/ream ! #dj feet ( wat] fl[s ov] a b$ ( mud rang+ up to #abj feet 9 ?ickness4 ,! only practicable means by :i* ?is ess5tial subaque\s "w c\ld be c>ri$ out 0 by s9k+ a huge /eel cyl9d] fill$ ) concrete4 ,! bottom section ( ?is huge tub1 or caisson1 z x is call$1 0 clos$1 & aft] x 0 complet$ on %ore x 0 t[$ out to ! site :]e ! pi] 0 to be erect$ & sunk by ! introduction ( ! concrete4 ,! "u side ( ! caisson 0 fitt$ ) a knife edge1 by means ( :i* x c\ld cut its way ?r\gh ! s(t soil1 ! driv+ =ce = ?is purpose be+ ! weight ( ! sup]impos$ concrete4 ,! mud ov] ! area repres5t+ ! sup]ficies ( ! cyl9d] bottom 0 remov$ f ! inside to enable ! mass to settle d[n4 ,! /eel %ell 0 built up cont9ually f ! wat]-level 9 r+s1 until a solid f\ndation 0 ga9$4 ,:5 ?is 0 rea*$ & deem$ satisfactory ! spaces ?r\gh :i* ! spoil f bel[ _h be5 )drawn 7 likewise fill$ ) concrete1 s t ! cont5ts ( ! cyl9d] really =m a huge pill> ( concrete homog5e\s f end to end4 ,! conditions prevail+ also compell$ ea* span to be complet$ ne> ! bank ^u a pontoon1 ! /eel-"w be+ support$ ^u a heavy scaffold+4 ,! pontoon 0 some:at %ort] ?an ! span ( /eel :i* project$ an equal di/ance ov] ei!r end ( ! =m]4 ,:5 all 0 ready1 & :5 ! tide 0 approa*+ its highe/ po9t1 ! pontoon1 ) its unga9ly load1 0 t[$ & 0 w>p$ g5tly betwe5 two adjac5t pi]s1 9 su* a way t ! ends ( ! span 7 br\ght into _! relative positions ^u ! masonry4 ,! pontoon 0 !n made fa/1 & ! actual settl+ ( ! /eel-"w 0 left to ! movem5t ( ! tide4 ,z ! riv] fell1 c>ry+ ! pontoon ) x1 ! span desc5d$ until 9 due c\rse ! ends re/$ on ! masonry4 ,! wat] /ill fall+1 ! scaffold+ pres5tly dropp$ bel[ ! /eel-"w1 leav+ ! latt] cle> 9 position4 ,f9ally1 :5 ! tide _h fall5 /ill m1 ! pontoon 0 ca/ (f & drawn away1 leav+ ! two pi]s connect$ by ! /eel4 ,su* me?ods dem& extreme c>e1 un]r+ judgm5t1 & a read9ess to meet any em]g5cy on ! "p ( ! eng9e]s4 ,! ,am]ican bridge-build]s :o c>ri$ out ?is und]tak+ _h sev]al excit+ incid5ts4 ,! mo/ ?rill+ & anxi\s 0 :5 "o ( ! pontoons got out ( control ) its preci\s freight & became /r&$ on ! bank1 :]e x _h to rema9 9 a dang]\s li/+ condition until ! tide rose aga91 to enable x to be float$ (f & t[$ to its de/9ation4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! ,new ,s\? ,wales railways1 ! l9es ( ! o!r ,/ates lack out/&+ features1 yet _! "w has be5 att5d$ ) peculi> difficulties4 ,9 ,s\? ,au/ralia1 :]e settlem5t has n proce$$ s rapidly z 9 ! adjac5t ,/ate1 ! policy is to build ! l9es ) ! m9imum ( co/ to meet ! dem&s = *eap railways to connect communities scatt]$ ov] a l>ge area4 ,t ?is is a remun]ative practice is borne out by results4 ,al?\gh ! wide gauge ( #e feet #c in*es is adopt$ on :at may be call$ ! trunk l9es ext5d+ f ,adelaide to ! ea/]n bord]1 to effect junction ) ! ,victorian railways1 !reby secur+ ?r\gh railway communication betwe5 ,adelaide & ,melb\rne )\t *ange ( c>riage1 ! great] "p ( ! railway sy/em is ! n>r[ gauge ( #c feet4 ,! railway ?us acts z a pione]+ campaign] 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w1 & 9 ?is way x has be5 possible to pu% ! iron road t[>ds ! he>t ( ! ri* inl& c\ntry s f> z ,oodnadatta4 ,que5sl& is practis+ ! same pr9ciple1 ?ree l9es hav+ be5 =c$ sl[ly t[>ds ! ea/]n b\nd>y ( t ,/ate 9 ?ree r\ghly p>allel l9es f ?ree diff]5t po9ts on ! coa/--?\gh ! latt] 9 turn are connect$4 ,9 due c\rse ! inl& ends ( ^! l9es w be jo9$ up1 & !re w be a complete circle f :i* spurs c be driv5 to meet developm5t4 ,railway con/ruction 9 ,s\? ,au/ralia is noticeable because ( ! *eapness ) :i* x is c>ri$ out 9 ! fir/ place1 ) an accompany+ economy 9 ma9t5ance4 ,! :ole ( ! "w is effect$ = ! mo/ "p by ! ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5t1 small contracts = con/ruction only be+ let on r>e occasions4 ,?is policy1 comb9$ ) ! application ( e mod]n appliance :i* c e/abli% reason = its utilisation1 has be5 em95tly satisfactory f e po9t ( view4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! t5d5cy is to anticipate ! settl]1 & ?us1 by ! provision ( transportation facilities1 to attract ! f>m] into ! di/rict4 ,! rev]se is g5]ally ! me?od adopt$--! f>m] e/abli%es himself on ! l&1 & !n :5 !re is an agitation = transport ! railway is advanc$4 ,9 ?is ,/ate1 h[ev]1 ! railway creates ! situation1 & 9 ?is mann] a l>ge area ( good agricultural l& has be5 op5$ up = cultivation4 ,?is is ! policy :i* ,mr4 ,james ,j4 ,hill foll[$ 9 ! we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 & its s\ndness 9 ! c\rse ( "t is demon/rat$ conclusively f ! enorm\s traffic :i* fl[s ov] 8 sy/ems4 ,9 ord] t ?is pione]+ may n saddle ! ,s\? ,au/ralian ,gov]nm5t ) an unremun]ative heavy debt1 ! l9e 9 ! fir/ in/ance is ( ! lighte/ possible description4 ,z ! c\ntry trav]s$ develops & m traffic accrues to ! road1 r5d]+ improvem5t advisable1 ! track is ov]haul$ & relaid ) heavi] metals1 ! light] rails be+ %ipp$ to ano!r po9t to enable ! pione]+ process to be cont9u$4 ,?is is an ela/ic sy/em em95tly adapt$ to su* a c\ntry z ,s\? ,au/ralia1 :i* is /ill 9 its infancy1 & :]e ! dem& = railway communication is conf9$ almo/ entirely to agricultural requirem5ts & to ! transportation ( f>m+ produce1 especially 9 ! m remote up-c\ntry di/ricts4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,iron ,,horse ,,9 ,,au/ralasia ,,ii ,:]eas ! ,s\!rn ,au/ralian & ,que5sl& railways are call$ ^u to meet ! dem&s ( agriculture1 ! roads ( ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 on ! o!r h&1 h be5 laid out to satisfy ! ext5sive m9+ movem5ts along ! we/]n %ore ( ! isl& cont95t4 ,! eng9e]s1 h[ev]1 h n be5 call$ ^u to face p>ticul>ly /]n grapples ) ,nature1 ow+ to ! c\ntry trav]s$ be+1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( a give-&-take "*1 & to !re be+ an entire abs5ce ( high m\nta9s & wide1 ru%+ riv]s4 ,!re is only "o *a9 ( hills ( any magnitude t has to be cross$ by ! l9es4 ,?is is ! ,d>l+ range1 :i* runs p>allel ) ! coa/ f ne> ,g]aldton to ! s\!rn extremity ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ord] to ga9 ! gold-fields ar\nd ,coolg>die1 z well z ! ea/]n & s\!rn /ret*es ( ! ,/ate1 ! difficulties confront+ ! eng9e] 9 connection ) ?is l[ ridge 7 n s great z ^? prevail+ 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,= in/ance1 only "o tunnel1 #a1jif feet 9 l5g?1 has _h to be bor$4 ,inde$1 ! eng9e] seiz$ ! opportunity to build ! l9e *eaply to su* an ext5t t ! l[e/ wat]m>k 9 ?is respect1 be>+ 9 m9d ! configuration ( ! c\ntry1 may be said to h be5 atta9$4 ,true1 ! grades & curvature are heavy1 ! =m] runn+ up to z high z #a 9 #ej 7#b p] c5t471 :ile ! curves are ( #bff feet radius4 ,"s ( ! mo/ difficult spurs 9 ?is range are trav]s$ by ! l9e :i* taps ! ext5sive coal-fields 9 ! ,collie di/rict--! bulk ( ! coal us$ 9 ! ,/ate is obta9$ "h--:]e %>p curves ( #agf feet radius1 & banks ris+ #a 9 #dj1 h be5 introduc$4 ,! fir/ railway built 9 ,we/]n ,au/ralia 0 a %ort l9e f ! coa/ to ,nor?ampton4 ,?is 0 complet$ 9 #ahgi4 ,9 ^? e>ly days ! f9ances ( ! c\ntry 7 at a v l[ ebb1 & ! eng9e] 0 =c$ to c>ry 8 track ?r\gh ! hilly c\ntry ) ! m9imum ( e>?work4 ,! result 0 t curves s %>p z #hh feet radius 7 adopt$4 ,! ,upp] ,d>l+ ,range railway also des]ves m ?an pass+ notice4 ,x leaves ,midl& junction at ! foot ( ! hills1 & #aj miles f ,p]?4 ,! precipit\s "* ( ! spurs s puzzl$ ! eng9e] t he 0 driv5 to imitate ! me?od ( extrication f a difficulty ( ?is description practis$ 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,he _h to 8zigzag0 ! l9e up ! face ( ! bluff4 ,ano!r feature ( int]e/ is on ! spur f ! ea/]n railway1 kn[n z ! ,smi?'s ,mill bran*4 ,a deep cut _h to be driv5 ?r\gh a hill1 :i* ! excavators1 :5 !y set to "w1 f\nd to be a solid mass ( pipe-clay6 ,?\gh ! eng9e]+ trials on ! railways 9 ?is ,/ate may n comp>e 9 calibre ) ^? 9 o!r c\ntries1 !re is "o o!r difficulty :i* is f> m significant f ! railway's po9t ( view4 ,i ref] to ! "q ( wat] supply4 ,on ! coa/1 :]e ! ra9fall v>ies betwe5 #ae & #dj in*es p] annum1 ?is does n occasion any appreh5sion1 b ra9 becomes sc>c] & sc>c] z ! great int]ior des]ts are approa*$4 ,?is condition prevails along a belt #aej miles or s wide1 ext5d+ f ,albany to ,g]aldton4 ,:5 ! discov]y ( gold at ,coolg>die1 "s tw5ty ye>s ago1 s5t a wave ( excitem5t r\nd ! _w1 ! m9]s & o!rs :o ru%$ to ! ,el ,dorado suff]$ t]ribly f ! de>? ( ?is indisp5sable commodity1 & :5 ! m9es 7 set to "w x hamp]$ op]ations to a v pron\nc$ degree4 ,9 ! gold c\ntry ! ra9fall does n exce$ six in*es p] annum1 & consequ5tly wat] _h to be husb&$ c>efully4 ,! m9+ activity1 h[ev]1 br\ght ab\t a rem>kable expansion 9 ! iron road1 :i* pu%$ inl& = ne>ly #fjj miles4 ,!n ! wat] "q became "o ( vital importance1 because ! locomotives requir$ copi\s & frequ5t dr9ks to slake _! trem5d\s ?ir/s4 ,to br+ ?is article up f ! coa/ 0 co/ly4 ,! scanty ra9fall 0 collect$ s f> z possible by imp\nd+1 b ! wat] ?us secur$ 0 f\nd to be useless = ! railway's purposes4 ,x became s heavily *>g$ ) delet]i\s sub/ances1 z x fl[$ ov] a salt-impregnat$ soil1 t x set up heavy incru/ation 9 ! boil]s4 ,?is 0 a s]i\s drawback1 because x r$uc$ ! life ( ! eng9e's int]nal organs v mat]ially1 & militat$ aga9/ ! iron horse's effici5cy4 ,to rem$y ?is /ate ( affairs1 ! e>!n dams con/ruct$ at v>i\s po9ts along ! r\te1 :i* =m$ small res]voirs1 7 supplem5t$ by cond5s+ plants4 ,! mo/ notable in/allation ( ?is description 0 complet$ at ,coolg>die4 ,?is plant 0 design$ prim>ily to utilise ! salt wat] f ! adjac5t m9es4 ,! ,coolg>die cond5s] 0 capable ( supply+ ab\t #fj1jjj gallons ( fre% wat] p] day1 at a co/ ( #cgs4 #f;d41 or say #i p] #ajjj gallons1 & to furni% ?is requirem5t entail$ an exp5diture ( #ae1jjj1 or #ge1jjj1 on ! app>atus4 ,a l>ge di/ill+ app>atus 0 set up also at ,g]aldton to supply ! ,nor!rn railway runn+ into ! ,mur*ison gold-fields1 :]e ! wat] "q 0 also a s]i\s factor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,tunnel1 #a1jif ,,feet ,,long1 ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,d>l+ ,,range ,?is is ! only tunnel on ! ,we/ ,au/ralian ,gov]nm5t ,railways4 ,:ile ?is palliative met ! situation up to a c]ta9 po9t1 x 0 f> f satisfactory4 ,consequ5tly1 a few ye>s ago a huge project 0 evolv$ to supply ! ,coolg>die gold-fields ) unlimit$ quantities ( excell5t wat]4 ,a l>ge dam 0 ?r[n across a rift on ! we/]n slope ( ! ,d>l+ range ab\t #bj miles f ,p]?1 :]eby #d1fjj1jjj1jjj gallons ( wat] are bank$ up4 ,! wat] is dispat*$ f ?is res]voir to ! gold-fields #cej miles away ?r\gh a pipe #cj in*es 9 diamet]1 :i* is suffici5t to ensure ! inhabitants 9 ! gold c\ntry receiv+ a /eady & cont9u\s supply ( #e1jjj1jjj gallons p] day4 ,at int]vals along ! l9e l>ge int]m$iate tanks are provid$1 toge!r ) pump+ plants4 ,z ! pipe-l9e runs alongside1 & ! pump+ /ations are situate beside ! railway1 ! latt] c n[ secure ample supplies ( pure wat]1 s t ! ,ea/]n ,gold-fields railway is conc]n$ no long] ) tr\bles 9 ?is direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,de>? ,,( ,,suitable ,,wat] ,,0 ,,! ,,s]i\s ,,problem ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,days ,,( ,,! ,,coolg>die ,,goldfields4 ,,z ,,! ,,railway ,,c\ld ,,n ,,haul ,,supplies ,,f ,,! ,,coa/1 ,,?is ,,novel ,,cond5s+ ,,plant ,,0 ,,erect$ ,! above photograph %[s "o-half ( ! in/allation4 ,9 ?is way #fj1jjj gallons ( fre% wat] 7 suppli$ p] day at a co/ ( #cgs4 #f;d41 or #i1 p] #ajjj gallons4 ,great activity is be+ display$ n[ 9 op5+ up ! c\ntry 9 suitable di/ricts alongside ! ma9 l9e1 :]e fruit-gr[+ c be practis$ ) di/9ct success4 ,^! agricultural roads are built lightly 9 ! fir/ in/ance to r$uce capital outlay1 ! av]age co/ be+ ab\t #a1bjj1 or #f1jjj1 p] mile1 b ^! l9es w be replac$ by heavi] metals z ! l& becomes settl$4 ,! ,we/]n ,au/ralian railways n[ ext5d = ab\t #b1ejj miles ?r\gh ! ,/ate1 &1 9 addition1 private ent]prise is repres5t$ by ! ,midl& ,railway ,company1 :i* runs f a po9t #aj miles out ( ,p]? nor?w>ds = #bgf miles to ,walkaway1 :5ce ,g]aldton is rea*$ by a ,gov]nm5t l9e4 ,9 addition1 !re are num]\s %ort roads belong+ to companies work+ ! res\rces ( ! c\ntry1 especially ( timb]1 b "o & all h adopt$ ! n>r[ #c feet gauge s z to secure uni=mity & int]communication4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! undulat+ & easy nature ( ! c\ntry1 railway con/ructional co/s h n be5 heavy4 ,on ! trunk l9es outside ! ,d>l+ range ! co/ has v>i$ f #c1jjj to #d1jjj--ae1jjj to #bj1jjj--p] mile1 accord+ to ! di/ance f ! coa/4 ,! heavie/ exp5diture 0 incurr$ 9 trav]s+ ! ,d>l+ ,m\nta9s1 :]e ! exp5diture rang$ betwe5 #d1jjj & #g1ejj--bj1jjj & #cg1ejj--p] mile4 ,dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s ! "q ( build+ an ,au/ralian trans-cont95tal railway has be5 br\ght to ! =e1 ! idea be+ to l9k up ! railways on ! ea/]n1 ) ^? on ! we/]n1 sides ( ! cont95t4 ,su* a railway w\ld be ( f>-rea*+ /rategical importance1 & ,"l ,kit*5]1 dur+ 8 visit to ! ,antipodes1 urg$ its necessity4 ,! proposal comprises ! connection ( ,kalgoorlie 9 ! ,coolg>die di/rict ) ,=t ,augu/a 9 ! neighb\r+ ,/ate ( ,s\? ,au/ralia1 :5ce ,adelaide1 ,melb\rne1 ,sydney & ,rockhampton on ! ,que5sl& coa/ c\ld be rea*$ by rail f ,p]?4 ,to complete su* a s*eme w\ld entail ! cross+ ( ! edge ( ! ,victoria des]t1 b z ! physical "* ( ! c\ntry does n (f] any great difficulties1 x is e/imat$ t ! #a1jgj miles ( l9e c\ld be built = #e1jjj1jjj1 or #be1jjj1jjj4 ,:5 ! ,/ates 7 f$]at$1 ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 feel+ t x 0 cut (f f its si/] ,/ates1 conclud$ t if x co-op]at$ to =m a homog5e\s commonweal?1 ! con/ruction ( a trans-cont95tal highway w\ld foll[ z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,?is anticipation caus$ ! we/]n /ate to ?r[ 9 its lot ) ! o!r t]ritories4 ,we/]n ,au/ralia = a long "t previ\s _h *]i%$ ! idea ( connect+ itself physically ) ! ea/ by means ( ! iron road1 b x 0 n f9ancially 9 ! position to und]take ! project unaid$4 ,/ill x au?oris$ "o ( its eng9e]s1 ,mr4 ,john ,muir1 to run ?r\gh ! c\ntry x 0 int5d$ to trav]se1 & to report g5]ally ^u ! feasibility ( ! s*eme4 ,! j\rney und]tak5 by ?is eng9e] gives an int]e/+ sidelight z to ! task ( survey+ a new road 9 ,au/ralia1 especially 9 ! less]-kn[n h9t]l&4 ,mr4 ,muir organis$ a small p>ty1 ) camels z ! vehicles ( transport4 ,! bea/s numb]$ twelve 9 all1 five be+ utilis$ = rid+ purposes & ! rema9d] z pack-animals1 c>ry+ ! re/rict$ requirem5ts = ! little p>ty4 ,!y set out f ! mo/ ea/]ly po9t to :i* ! ,we/]n ,au/ralian railways _h p5etrat$ 9 ! requisite direction4 ,leav+ ! gold-field c\ntry1 !y ent]$ ! great ,victoria ,des]t4 ,wat] 0 ! "o difficulty !y appreh5d$1 = !y knew f ! exp]i5ces ( v>i\s explor]s 9 ?is arid belt t ?is commodity c\ld be f\nd only "h & !re4 ,! camels1 consequ5tly1 7 re/rict$ to %ort rations--"o dr9k e five days1 ! p>ty c>ry+ suffici5t ( ! liquid to meet its own ne$s dur+ ! int]vals4 ,! animals evid5tly did n appreciate ^! /rict regulations1 because ! p>ty1 :5ev] !y left a wat]-hole1 _h ! greate/ difficulty 9 p]suad+ ! camels to cont9ue ! j\rney1 & ev5 :5 !y did resume ! trail ! bea/s frequ5tly /opp$ to turn _! heads long+ly 9 ! direction ( ! la/ wat] /ation4 ,?is small p>ty cov]$ #ajjj miles1 collect+ valuable data1 :i*1 ^u return1 0 inve/igat$ se>*+ly & comp>$ ) ! in=mation t o!r travell]s _h ga!r$ :5 pi]c+ ! c\ntry at diff]5t times4 ,z a result a compreh5sive s*eme 0 drawn up1 & ! possibilities ( su* ?r\gh communication 7 reveal$ 9 no unc]ta9 mann]4 ,"s ye>s lat] ! ,commonweal? sanction$ ! completion ( a m exhau/ive survey1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,deane1 ,m4,,in/4,c4,e41 =m]ly eng9e]-9-*ief to ! ,new ,s\? ,wales railways1 be+ plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! :ole und]tak+4 ,! ent]prise 0 divid$ into two sections1 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t und]tak+ to complete ! task f ,coolg>die to ! ea/]n fronti] ( ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 :ile ,s\? ,au/ralia decid$ to complete ! "w s f> z x affect$ its own t]ritory4 ,mr4 ,john ,muir1 :o _h be5 ?r\gh ! c\ntry previ\sly = ! ,we/]n ,au/ralian ,gov]nm5t1 0 select$ by ! *ief eng9e] z fir/ lieut5ant on ! =m] division1 & he enroll$ f\r o!r surveyors4 ,= ?is task no less ?an #ia camels 7 acquir$4 ,( ?is total #cf animals 7 deput$ to haul ?ree team-wagons1 a l numb] 7 subdivid$ into ?ree /r+s ( pack-animals1 ?ree c>ri$ /akes = locat+ ! l9e1 :ile ! o!rs 7 us$ = v>i\s purposes4 ,an important task 0 ! di/ribution ( /ores to ! ext5t ( #ah tons along ! r\te = ! survey p>ty1 toge!r ) ample supplies ( wat] = bo? man & bea/1 ! wat] /ations be+ spac$ at int]vals ( #g miles4 ,to plot ! r\te ! *ief surveyor set out ahead ( ! ma9 p>ty4 ,he ran ! l9e by ! aid ( a compass1 & *eck$ 8 "w by means ( /ell> obs]vations4 ,! la/ camel 9 8 tra9 0 requir$ to haul a heavy bullock-*a91 ! free extremity ( :i* 0 knott$1 & z ?is dragg$ ov] ! gr\nd x left a trail :i* c\ld be pick$ up & foll[$ easily by ! ma9 p>ty foll[+ 9 ! re>4 ,! latt] measur$ ! di/ance by *a9s & took levels at frequ5t po9ts1 & ^! 7 *eck$ con/antly4 ,?is survey p>ty mov$ =w>d at ! rate ( #f miles p] day1 & x cov]$ ! ,we/]n ,au/ralian section ( #dee miles 9 #hi days4 ,! ,s\? ,au/ralian ,gov]nm5t eng9e]s exp]i5c$ great] difficulty 9 complet+ _! "p ( ! "w1 = on _! section1 ext5d+ ov] #fjh miles1 ! sc>city ( wat] 0 felt acutely4 ,!y 7 caught by ! int5sely hot summ]1 :i* dri$ up all available f\nts ( supply spe$ily1 & consequ5tly ! m5 & ! #hj camels c\ld n advance v rapidly1 _! daily movem5t av]ag+ ab\t #c miles4 ,9 due c\rse !y ga9$ ! int]-/ate b\nd>y & pick$ up ! la/ /ake indicat+ ! r\te left by ! p>ty :i* _h advanc$ we/w>ds f ,kalgoorlie4 ,a sum ( #bj1jjj1 or #ajj1jjj1 0 exp5d$ ^u ?is prelim9>y "w4 ,9 addition to location1 o!r valuable details 7 secur$1 ! mo/ important ( :i* 0 9 reg>d to ! economic possibilities ( ! t]ritory trav]s$4 ,f> f mu* ( ! c\ntry be+ /]ile1 z previ\s reports _h indicat$1 x 0 asc]ta9$ t1 "u prop] sci5tific f>m+1 x c\ld be br\ght to a high /&>d ( f]tility & productiv5ess4 ,!re is "o long d\btful /ret* ( #ajg miles ?r\gh a wat]less pla91 b if x 7 possible to adopt irrigation1 !re are great hopes t ?is c\ntry might be f\nd excell5t = graz+ purposes4 ,! /&>d gauge 0 advocat$ = ! trans-cont95tal highway1 & x 0 po9t$ out t if ?is connection 7 =g$1 n only w\ld ! l9e prove ( di/9ct milit>y value1 b t x w\ld possess great comm]cial attractions z well4 ,= in/ance1 !re is a consid]able & increas+ trade betwe5 ! ,coolg>die gold-fields c\ntry & ! ea/]n ,/ates1 :i* has to be c>ri$ out by /eam] at pres5t1 involv+ a long1 t$i\s j\rney1 :]eas by rail ! two c5tres w\ld be br\ght )9 direct & accel]at$ connection ( "o ano!r4 ,ano!r feature 0 emphasis$ also1 & t 0 ! great sav+ 9 "t possible by dispat*+ ! ,european mails & pass5g] traffic ov]l& f ea/ to we/1 in/ead ( by sea z at pres5t4 ,! ,commonweal? appe>s resolv$ to c>ry ! s*eme to fulfilm5t1 especially 9 view ( ,"l ,kit*5]'s /rong advocacy ( ! project1 & :5 ?is is accompli%$ pass5g]s l&+ at ,fremantle w be able to travel by rail s f> z ,rockhampton 9 ,que5sl&1 a di/ance ( #c1hjj miles4 ,ow+ to ! v>y+ gauges 9 ,au/ralia1 su* a j\rney w\ld involve no less ?an five *anges ( c>riages at lea/1 & ?is is ! "o great disadvantage connect$ ) ! s*eme4 ,9 ord] to obs]ve railway eng9e]+ 9 its mo/ spectacul> =m 9 ! ,antipodes "o mu/ cross ! ,tasman ,sea into ,new ,zeal&4 ,! ,engl& ( ! ,s\? is provid$ ) a backbone ( l(ty & extremely brok5 ridges4 ,inde$1 ! advance ( ! railway-build] ?r\gh ?is c\ntry has be5 beset ) abnormal ob/acles :i* recall ! conque/s ( ! ,rocky & ,cascade m\nta9s 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! mo/ out/&+ feature on ! :ole network ( railways op]at$ by ! ,gov]nm5t is ! amaz+ numb] ( bridges1 ! co/ ( :i* mu/ repres5t a huge sum4 ,9 ! e>ly days *asms & gorges :i* ! railway 0 =c$ to cross 7 spann$ by wood5 /ructures1 b ^! h s9ce be5 replac$ by sub/antial & (t5 l(ty /eel /ructures4 ,:5ev] ! eng9e] has essay$ to leave ! coa/ on ei!r side ( ! isl&1 ! m\nta9s h re>$ up to dispute 8 advance1 & x has be5 only by d9t ( great ef=t t ! metals h be5 c>ri$ ov] ^! great b>ri]s4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! c\ntry has "o gigantic project 9 h& :i* is )\t a p>allel s\? ( ! ,equator4 ,?is is ! ,otira tunnel1 :i* is be+ driv5 = #e miles "u ! gorge ( ! same "n4 ,?is great "w occurs on ! l9e :i* is de/9$ to connect ,*ri/*ur* on ! ea/1 ) ,greym\? on ! we/1 coa/ ( ! ,s\? ,isl&4 ,! two po9ts are sep>at$ by ! ,s\!rn ,alps1 _m peaks ( :i* jut #ab1jjj feet into ! cl\ds4 ,?is und]tak+ 0 comm5c$ by private ent]prise1 b :5 #ce miles ( ! l9e _h be5 complet$1 ! physical difficulties to be ov]come 7 f\nd to be s great t ! company %rank f attempt+ ! app>5tly impossible1 & accord+ly ! ambiti\s idea 0 ab&on$4 ,! result 0 t ! ,gov]nm5t took ! railway ov] & det]m9$ to p5etrate ! m\nta9 *a9 at all haz>ds4 ,! ,otira tunnel1 ?\gh ! mo/ notable feature1 is b "o ( _m notable works1 = ! bridges & small] tunnels compel j z mu* att5tion4 ,to give "s idea ( _! frequ5cy & "* x may be m5tion$ t1 9 a %ort l5g? ( #i miles1 !re are #d high /eel viaducts1 "o ( :i* c>ries ! rails #bcf feet above ! floor ( ! gorge1 & no less ?an #ag %ort tunnels1 ! longe/ ( :i* is ab\t #bjjj feet1 :ile !re is sc>cely a mile ( level l9e6 ,! grades on ?is railway 9 "s cases are v sev]e1 t ?r\gh ! ,otira tunnel itself be+ #b p] c5t41 or #a 9 #ej4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[ ,,! ,,we/]n ,,au/ralian ,,ea/]n ,,railway ,,cuts ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,d>l+ ,,range ,f ! e>lie/ days "o dream _h occupi$ ! att5tion (1 all conc]n$ 9 ,new ,zeal&'s welf>e & progress4 ,?is 0 a trunk railway f ,well+ton to ,auckl&4 ,! fact t only "s #dej miles sep>at$ ! two cities by a feasible r\te 0 hamm]$ home vehem5tly by en?usia/s1 b x 0 "s "t be=e ! requisite c\rage & det]m9ation to effect ! connection c\ld be summ$ up4 ,pessimi/s po9t$ out ! great m\nta9s & deep1 wide gorges t w\ld h to be conqu]$1 & ! enorm\s exp5diture _! subjugation by ! /eel highway w\ld entail4 ,to-day1 h[ev]1 ! ,nor? ,isl& ,trunk railway connects ! two po9ts1 b x prov$ a prodigi\s und]tak+1 call+ = ! display ( rem>kable +5uity4 ,illu/ration3 ,see page #bad ,,! ,,leopold9a ,,railway ,,is ,a ,,maze ,,( ,,curves1 ,,twi/s ,,& ,,b5ds1 ,,ow+ ,,to ,,! ,,rugg$ ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,trav]s$ ,?is photograph %[s a %>p loop4 ,! e>ly surveyors po9t$ out t ,m\nt ,ruapehu w\ld dem& mu* h>d & heavy ?9k+ on ! "p ( ! eng9e]s4 ,s x prov$4 ,! railway skirts ! base ( ?is peak1 b has to make a /iff asc5t 9 a %ort di/ance4 ,! eng9e] did n resort to a zigzag to ov]come ! difficulty1 b pr(it$ f ! example ( ,hellwag on ! ,/4 ,got?>d1 :o _h to extricate t l9e f a simil> tight corn]4 ,rec\rse 0 made to a spiral4 ,! result is t ! railway em]ges f a tunnel burr[$ ?r\gh a cre/1 & %ortly aft] sweeps r\nd 9 a graceful curve to cross ! tunnel ?r\gh ! same ob/ruction2 ! railway ov]comes ! /eep asc5t by means ( a /ret* ( corkscrew track4 ,ne> ! base ( ! same m\nta9 !re is a deep gorge ov] :i* ! l9e 0 =c$ to pass4 ,f ! po9t at :i* ! track ga9$ ! br9k x 0 ab\t #hjj feet to ! opposite cliff edge1 & ! precipice delv$ d[n to ne>ly #cjj feet4 ,?is is ! fam\s ,makatote ,gorge1 & ! eng9e] decid$ to spr+ across ! gap4 ,! contract 0 secur$ by ,messrs4 ,j4 ,a4 ,&]son ( ,*ri/*ur*1 & !y lo/ no "t 9 attack+ ! task4 ,:5 !y appe>$ on ! sc5e !re 0 no road to ! site ( ! viaduct1 & ! railway 0 /ill #bj miles di/ant1 s ! prospect 0 n invit+4 ,! sides ( ! m\nta9 7 cov]$ ) d5se primeval jungle-l bu%1 :i* _h to be hack$ back to p]mit ( inve/igations ( ! situation1 & six mon?s pass$ be=e ! wagon road = ! purposes ( ! railway 0 driv5 ?r\gh ! di/rict4 ,?is con/itut$ ! only *annel ov] :i* ! requisite /eel mat]ial c\ld be transport$4 ,! con/ructional eng9e]s conclud$ t ! be/ means ( meet+ ! situation 0 to erect a work%op on ! spot :]e ! necess>y /eel-"w c\ld be prep>$4 ,electricity 0 g5]at$ to op]ate ! v>i\s tools dem&$4 ,! ra9fall av]ag$ ab\t #if in*es p] ye>1 & at times ! insignificant /ream fl[+ ?r\gh ! ,v-%ap$ fissure 0 no?+ b a foam+ torr5t1 sweep+ ev]y?+ away 9 its mad ru%4 ,! con/ructional eng9e]s 7 fac$ ) ! erection ( "o t[] spr++ f ! bank ( ! wat]way b5ea? to a height ( #bgj feet1 :ile o!r t[]s ( #bdi1 #bjh1 #age & #aaj feet 9 height respectively 7 dem&$4 ,! spans 7 ( equal l5g?1 viz4 #ajj feet1 flank$ on ei!r side by approa*es1 & ! und]tak+ call$ = ! use ( ab\t #ajjj tons ( /eel4 ,! f\ndations comprise concrete p$e/als :i* 7 sunk into ! gr\nd1 & ^! c>ry /eel t[]s some:at aft] ! ,am]ican patt]n1 giv+ lightness1 ) rigidity & /r5g?4 ,e piece ( /eel 0 rivet$ to its neighb\r by means ( pneumatic tools1 :i* n only exp$it$ ! task ( secur+ ! sections toge!r1 b elim9at$ ! possibility ( accid5ts aris+ f ! sw++ ( sl$ge-hamm]s1 especially at ! greate/ heights4 ,! spans ( /eel connect+ ea* t[] ) its neighb\r 7 erect$ f ! rail level1 )\t rec\rse to false-"w4 ,ow+ to ! _m & c>eful precaution>y me?ods adopt$1 ! erect+ "w 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh )\t ! slighte/ hit* or ! loss ( a s+le life4 ,:5 ! task 0 complet$ ! /r5g? ( ! con/ructional eng9e]s' h&iwork 0 te/$ ?or\ghly by a tra9 ( ! heavie/ locomotives us$ ^u ! ,new ,zeal& railway be+ run across ! bridge at v>y+ spe$s1 until ! maximum atta9$ 9 practice 0 rea*$4 ,! ,makatote ,viaduct /&s z "o ( ! f9e/ pieces ( its "w ( ?is type t ev] has be5 complet$ 9 ! ,antipodes4 ,ano!r /rik+ eng9e]+ a*ievem5t 0 ! build+ ( ! ,c5tral ,otago railway :i* runs f ,dun$9 to ! int]ior ( ,otago4 ,! l9e n only ?reads knots ( m\nta9s1 b also spans num]\s rifts4 ,inde$1 s mu* bridg+ became necess>y t ! railway has become kn[n z 8,! ,bridge ,l9e40 ,9 complet+ ?is road ne>ly e type ( /ructure kn[n to ! eng9e] 0 adopt$4 ,! l>ge/ /ructure is ! ,w+atui ,viaduct1 :]e ! rail is c>ri$ ab\t #adf feet above ! floor ( a brok51 w9d+ gorge on a creation ( /eel compris+ ?ree spans1 ea* measur+ #aif feet 9 l5g?1 & five small] spans1 ea* ( #ff feet1 support$ on pyramidal /eel t[]s4 ,ano!r "w ( a simil> "* is ! ,flat ,creek ,viaduct1 :]e ! rail runs across ! rift ab\t #ajj feet above its deepe/ "p 9 six spans ( #ff feet ea*4 ,^! m\nta9 creeks1 x may be po9t$ out1 are simply masses ( rocky b\ld]s 9 ! dry season1 b :5 !y are call$ ^u to c>ry away ! accumulation ( wat]1 !y are no?+ b torr5ts te>+ along ) fi5di% turbul5ce1 & be>+ d[n consid]able quantities ( heavy /ones1 aga9/ ! batt]+s ( :i* ! erections ( ! eng9e] w\ld be futile 7 !y n c>ri$ out ^u ! mo/ sub/antial l9es4 ,9 contra/ to ! p]man5t metallic /ructures is ! ,waian timb] tre/le on ! ,s\? ,isl& ma9 trunk l9e1 :i* measures no less ?an #fac feet f end to end4 ,v]ily1 ,new ,zeal& may be describ$ z ! l& ( ! bridge-build] 9 excelsis1 ow+ to su* v>i$ opportunities to demon/rate 8 skill4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,across ,,sib]ia ,,by ,,rail ,! success ) :i* ,san ,francisco 0 br\ght )9 two or ?ree weeks ( ,europe by means ( ! ,union & ,c5tral ,pacific railways prompt$ f>-see+ individuals to aspire = a simil> accel]ation ( travel ar\nd ! o!r half ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,?is c\ld be done by driv+ ! iron road /raight across ,europe & ,asia1 & x 0 po9t$ out1 9 support ( ! s*eme1 t ! indu/rial & comm]cial c5tres ( we/]n ,europe w\ld be br\ght )9 ab\t a =tnight's j\rney ( ,*9a4 ,! con/ruction ( a railway across ,sib]ia 0 discuss$ = ov] half a c5tury4 ,9 #ahea ,c\nt ,m\raviev-,am\rsky1 ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al ( ,ea/]n ,sib]ia1 sugge/$ t he %\ld be br\ght into m imm$iate t\* ) ! he>t ( ! ,russian ,empire4 ,he sugge/$ t fir/ a highroad %\ld be built across ! cont95t1 ^u :i* ! iron rails %\ld be laid lat]1 ?us conv]t+ ! *annel ( vehicul> & p$e/rian traffic into a railway4 ,x 0 a brilliant idea1 b l _m o!r great s*emes suff]$ f be+ premature4 ,h[ev]1 z ,sib]ia develop$1 ! build+ ( indep5d5t railway l9es 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 to be connect$ toge!r by %ort l9ks1 !reby =m+ a *a9 ( railways /ret*+ f ! ,baltic to ! ,pacific ,ocean1 0 moot$ frequ5tly4 ,! ,gov]nm5t view$ ! recomm5dations sympa!tically1 b no?+ def9ite 0 arrang$4 ,9 #ahfi ! adm9i/rative au?orities scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ,asiatic ,russia became s en]getic 9 _! dem&s = improv$ communication ) we/]n ,europe t ! ,gov]nm5t ent]ta9$ s]i\sly ! bond+ ( ! empire4 ,! "q arose1 h[ev]1 z to ! mo/ advantage\s location4 ,:at direction %\ld x foll[ 9 ord] to s]ve ! mo/ promis+ int]e/s f an economic po9t ( view8 ,?is 0 a problem t dem&$ se>*+ inve/igation1 b mean:ile ! railway comm5c$ to move ea/w>ds1 ! exi/+ sy/em ( ,russia 9 ,europe be+ driv5 m & m t[>ds ! ,ural ,m\nta9s4 ,by #ahhh ! railhead 0 )9 easy rea* ( ! ea/]n fronti] ( ,europe1 hav+ ga9$ ,zlatoo/4 ,a halt 0 call$ at ?is juncture4 ,! outpo/s ( /eel 7 ?ree 9 numb]1 ,or5burg1 ,ti\m5 on ! ,asiatic side ( ! ,urals & connect$ ) ,ekat]9burg1 & ,zlatoo/4 ,a decision 0 necess>y to det]m9e :i* ( ^! ?ree railheads %\ld be ! jump+-(f po9t = ! long toil ?r\gh ,sib]ia4 ,?ree surveys 7 made1 & z a result ( prolong$ consid]ation ( ! advantages & disadvantages ( ! respective r\tes f e po9t ( view1 among ! mo/ important ( :i* 0 ! "q ( co/1 ,zlatoo/ 0 select$ z ! mo/ fav\rable />t+-po9t4 ,f t po9t ! location 0 by way ( ,t*eliab9sk-,k\rgan-,petropavlovsk-,omsk -,tomsk-,krasnoi>sk to ,nijne\d9sk1 z ?is (f]$ ! %orte/ l5g? ( l9e1 trav]s$ ! mo/ d5sely populat$ & mo/ f]tile c\ntry1 & at ! same "t c\ld be built f> *eap] ?an ei!r ( ! alt]native r\tes4 ,x 0 recognis$ t ! l9e w\ld entail ! exp5diture ( a huge sum ( money1 no matt] h[ *eaply x 0 con/ruct$1 & t !re c\ld be no hope ( any return ^u ! inve/m5t = _m ye>s to come ow+ to ! unsettl$ "* ( ! c\ntry4 ,accord+ly x 0 decid$ to avoid all pret5ti\s eng9e]+ exploits--9 fact1 to build ! l9e ^u pione] pr9ciples4 ,a five-foot gauge 0 adopt$ to h>monise ) ,european ,russia1 & 9 ord] to cut ! co/ ( con/ruction d[n to ! l[e/ possible figure ! lighte/ mat]ial 0 employ$1 ! rails1 = in/ance1 only weigh+ #ed p\nds p] y>d4 ,x 0 realis$ t ! p>am\nt condition 0 to op5 up ! l& & its res\rces )\t delay1 & to ov]haul ! l9e z traffic increas$1 !reby br++ x gradually into con=mity ) ! g5]ally accept$ /&>ds ( a mod]n railway4 ,z ! project 0 ( su* f>-rea*+ significance to ! ,russian ,empire x 0 resolv$ t x %\ld be c>ri$ out z a national und]tak+4 ,e ounce ( mat]ial requir$ 0 to be fa%ion$ 9 ,russian work%ops--!re 0 only "o important dep>ture f ?is decision1 & t 0 ! con/ruction ( ! huge ice-break+ f]ries on ,lake ,baikal1 :i*1 be+ beyond ! capacity ( ! ,russian build]s1 7 design$ & con/ruct$ at ! ,elswick works ( ,sir ,w4 ,g4 ,arm/rong1 ,:itwor? ,company1 ,limit$--& t x %\ld be built by ,russian lab\r "u ,russian eng9e]s ) ,russian money4 ,x 0 an ,imp]ial ent]prise f end to end4 ,to gov]n ! "w ( con/ruction a national committee 0 e/abli%$1 compos$ ( int]e/$ m9i/]s1 "u ! presid5cy ( ! ,gr& ,duke ,h]iti]1 ! pres5t ,ts>1 :o ^u 8 asc5t to ! ?rone reta9$ 8 seat ^u ?is commission4 ,inde$1 ! ,emp]or has display$ ! greate/ int]e/ 9 ?is und]tak+ f its inception1 &1 9 fact1 inaugurat$ ! "w by lay+ ! /one commemorat+ ! turn+ ( ! fir/ sod at ,vladivo/ok on ,may #ah1 #ahia1 dur+ 8 visit to ! ,ea/4 ,ow+ to ! gigantic "* ( ! "w x 0 divid$ into sev]al di/9ct sections compris$ z foll[s-- ,,miles #a4 ,! ,we/]n ,sib]ian ,railway f ,t*eliab9sk to ,obi #hhead #b4 ,! ,c5tral ,sib]ian ,railway f ,obi to ,irkutsk1 subdivid$ into two p>ts1 ! fir/ f ,obi to ,krasnoi>sk1 & ! second f ,krasnoi>sk to ,irkutsk #aadcge #c4 ,! ,baikal ,railway f ,irkutsk to ,myssovaia #aib #d4 ,! ,trans-,baikal ,railway f ,myssovaia to ,/ret5sk #fijd #e4 ,! ,amur ,railway f ,/ret5sk to ,khab>ovsk #achcge #f4 ,! ,oss\ri ,railway f ,khab>ovsk to ,vladivo/ok #dgfh ,?is 0 ! mann] 9 :i* ! #d1gga miles ( l9e con/itut+ ! l9k betwe5 ! ,urals & ! ea/]n seabo>d ( ! ,pacific 0 split up4 ,! difficulties t 7 likely to be enc\nt]$ 7 realis$ only too well4 ,?\gh great eng9e]+ a*ievem5ts 7 n to be p]mitt$ f lack ( funds1 x 0 recognis$ t 9 c]ta9 places heavy initial exp5diture c\ld n be avoid$4 ,! riv]s :i* fl[ nor?w>ds to ! ,arctic sea1 & ?us cut across ! direction ( ! railway at "r angles1 7 to be fe>$ ! mo/1 ow+ to _! great wid?s1 velocity1 & ! ice-packs ) :i* !y 7 ob/ruct$ dur+ ! e>ly spr+4 ,"h metal only c\ld be employ$1 & z ! wat]ways to be cross$ 7 num]\s1 x 0 se5 t ! exp5diture "u ?is head+ w\ld h to be enorm\s4 ,!re 0 ano!r factor :i* _h to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,^! wat]ways dur+ ! summ] season are ! great highroads ( communication ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 & consequ5tly x 0 imp]ative t ! rails %\ld be c>ri$ at a suffici5t height above ! wat]ways z to (f] no ob/ruction to /eamboat navigation4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x may be conc$$ t ! huge bridges across su* riv]s z ! ,irty*1 ,obi & ,y5isei con/itute ! out/&+ features ( ! "w4 ,!y 7 built massively1 & al?\gh _! erection 9 _m cases tax$ ! skill ( ! eng9e]s to a sup]lative degree1 ow+ to ! difficult conditions prevail+1 _! successful completion is a /rik+ tribute to ! m5 responsible = _! consummation4 ,! fact t ^! wat]ways 7 froz5 dur+ ! w9t]1 h>ass$ ! eng9e]s 9 "o1 :ile x 0 a di/9ct boon 9 ano!r1 direction4 ,rails c\ld be laid ^u ! ice1 ov] :i* ! con/ruction tra9s c\ld proce$ f bank to bank1 haul+ ! requisite supplies & provisions = ! workm51 :]eas 9 ! summ] su* "w _h to be effect$ by f]ries & boats dem&+ tran%ipm5t at ! banks1 :]eby consid]able "t 0 lo/1 z well z incurr+ ! liability ( damage to ! mat]ial h&l$4 ,"w 0 comm5c$ on ! v>i\s sections z soon z x 0 possible to ga!r ! requisite mat]ial & m5 on ! spot4 ,ow+ to ! extreme difficulty att5d+ access to ! middle p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ^! sections 7 n tak5 9 h& until "s two or ?ree ye>s aft] ! e>? & rock _h comm5c$ to fly at ! extreme ends4 ,z already m5tion$1 con/ruction actually comm5c$ fir/ at ,vladivo/ok1 b "s mon?s lat]1 on ,july #g1 #ahib1 ! eng9e]s comm5c$ to drive ! /eel highway ea/w>ds f ! ,european t]m9us at ,t*eliab9sk1 to :i* po9t ! l9e _h be5 c>ri$ =w>d f ,zlatoo/4 ,! c\ntry ent]$ aft] ! ,urals 7 left beh9d 0 ! fr+e ( a va/ /eppe cov]$ ) tall bu%1 :i* cont9ues until ! ,obi is ga9$4 ,!n ! "* ( ! c\ntry *anges ) />tl+ sudd5ness1 des]t giv+ way to d5se =e/s1 :]e heavy cle>+ 0 necess>y to secure ! "r-(-way4 ,! timb]1 h[ev]1 0 ( slight use = build+ purposes1 & ?is defici5cy1 toge!r ) t ( /one1 prov$ a s]i\s drawback4 ,timb] _h to be haul$ f long di/ances & press$ into s]vice = spann+ ! small] wat]ways1 creeks & /reams1 !re be+ ov] #bfj tempor>y /ructures ( ?is type ^u ?is division4 ,difficulty 0 also exp]i5c$ 9 secur+ mat]ial = balla/+ ! l9e1 & 9 "s in/ances x 0 necess>y to haul ! mat]ial = ?is purpose #bj miles across c\ntry4 ,f\r l>ge /eel bridges _h to be erect$ 9 ord] to c>ry ! railway across ! ,tobol1 ,i*ime1 ,irty* & ,obi riv]s1 all ( :i* are navigable4 ,! la/ two wat]ways dem&$ ! heavie/ pieces ( "w ( ?is "*1 ! ,irty* bridge be+ ab\t #b1acj feet 9 l5g?1 divid$ into six spans1 ea* ( ab\t #ced feet4 ,t ov] ! ,obi measures "s #b1fej feet f end to end1 built up ( sev5 spans1 ?ree ( :i* are ( #eid feet1 & f\r ( #bia feet respectively4 ,! rig\rs ( ! climate 7 felt sev]ely4 ,! summ] is %ort & hot1 :ile ! w9t] is long & int5sely cold1 ! temp]ature rang+ betwe5 -#e & -#ac degrees1 :ile at times ! m]cury 0 f\nd to desc5d to -#dj degrees4 ,moreov]1 ! /eppe is swept by t]rific w9ds1 & ! conditions told heavily ^u ! lab\r]s work+ 9 su* an expos$ situation4 ,9 summ]1 aft] mak+ all[ances = wet & fte days1 only ab\t #abj days 7 left = op]ations1 & consequ5tly x 0 ess5tial to cont9ue "w dur+ ! w9t] z f> z practicable4 ,! sp>sely-populat$ "* ( ! c\ntry militat$ aga9/ ! eng9e]s1 & ! lab\r = ! mo/ "p _h to be br\ght f ,europe1 = ! peasants 7 unaccu/om$ to navvy "w4 ,! sc>city ( wat] 0 ano!r adv]se factor1 t f\nd 9 ! m /]ile rea*es be+ bracki% & unfit = consumption4 ,to meet ?is cont+5cy wat] _h to be br\ght ov] long di/ances = ! workm51 :ile 9 places artesian wells 7 sunk :i* reliev$ ! situation slightly4 ,"u ^! conditions ! completion ( ! #hhe miles ( l9e compris$ 9 ?is section )9 f\r ye>s 0 an excell5t piece ( "w4 ,! ,c5tral ,sib]ian railway1 z x ran ?r\gh two diametrically diff]5t /ret*es ( c\ntry--pla9 & m\nta9\s respectively--0 subdivid$ into two divisions4 ,! fir/ section1 /ret*+ f ! banks ( ! ,obi1 :]e x connect$ ) ! ,we/]n ,sib]ian railway1 0 tak5 9 h& 9 ,may #ahic1 & ! "w 0 pu%$ =w>d s vigor\sly t x 0 complet$ 9 advance ( ! s*$ul$ "t4 ,tra9s f ,/4 ,pet]sburg c\ld n run ov] ?is section1 h[ev]1 until two ye>s lat]1 z ! /ruggles ( ! eng9e]s ^u ! m\nta9s1 9 ! second moiety1 dem&$ ! utilisation ( ! fir/ section = ! h&l+ ( _! supplies & mat]ial4 ,! brok5 c\ntry prov$ to be exce$+ly tr\blesome4 ,moreov]1 a l>ge numb] ( wide wat]ways _h to be cross$1 su* z ! ,y5isei1 :]e a magnific5t bridge #b1hef feet 9 l5g? _h to be erect$4 ,x is a massive /ructure1 & at pres5t con/itutes ! l>ge/ & heavie/ "w ( its description 9 ,sib]ia4 ,! travell] z he rolls ov] ! iron road _c resi/ contra/+ ! solidity & p]man5t appe>ance ( ^! noble bridges ) ! tempor>y "* ( ! l9e 9 o!r places4 ,! diff]5ce is s great z to be incongru\s4 ,yet x 0 9 accordance ) ! orig9al plans4 ,! e>?works & p]man5t way c be replac$ at leisure1 b ! bridges1 & ! reputation ( ! riv]s !y span1 l$ ! au?orities to decide t 9 ^! in/ances fir/ co/ %\ld be la/ co/4 ,:5 ! :ole railway is br\ght up to ! /&>d ( ! bridge-"w1 x w be comp>able 9 solidity & travell+ com=t ) ! lead+ l9es ( o!r c\ntries4 ,rapidity 9 lay+ ! track on ! fir/ section 0 due to ! fact t ! l9e trav]s$ an undulat+ pla9 :]e heavy works 7 n dem&$4 ,! climate = ! mo/ "p 0 f\nd to be analog\s ) t prevail+ 9 ,we/]n ,sib]ia1 ! mean temp]ature 9 summ] hov]+ ab\t #gj degrees1 to fall to ab\t -#g4f degrees 9 w9t]4 ,9 ord] t ! workm5 dur+ ! latt] season might n be int]rupt$ 9 _! tasks ( fa%ion+ ! /one-"w = ! bridges1 special work%ops 7 provid$1 heat$ ) /eam & /oves1 & simil> %elt]s 7 built ov] ! sites ( erection on ! ice1 :]e ! workm5 7 enabl$ to lay ! masonry 9 com=t4 ,at ! same "t ^! measures p]mitt$ ! cem5t to dry sl[ly in/ead ( be+ froz51 only to fall to pieces ) ! approa* ( spr+4 ,z ! eng9e]s pu%$ f>!r & f>!r away f ! ,european fronti]1 ! c\ntry 0 f\nd to be m & m ?9ly settl$4 ,along ! l9e ( ! ,c5tral ,sib]ian railway ! av]age population 0 "o p]son p] squ>e mile1 & ! majority ( ^! p 7 coloni/s :o _h emigrat$ f ,european ,russia to practise agriculture 9 ! ,ea/1 & !y 7 settl$ = ! mo/ "p along ! po/al road to ,tomsk4 ,"u su* conditions lab\r _h to be br\ght f sev]al hundr$s ( miles to ! re>4 ,huge depots _h to be e/abli%$ to h\se provisions & l>ge camps =m$ = ! employees4 ,fur!rmore1 ?\s&s ( horses & hundr$s ( wagons 7 requir$ 9 addition to sleighs4 ,roads _h to be cut = ! passage ( ^! vehicles1 & at v>i\s po9ts /ores ( provisions & o!r necess>ies _h to be /or$ 9 deep pits dug 9 ! gr\nd1 & cov]$ ) heavy tree-trunks to secure protection aga9/ be>s & o!r m>aud]s4 ,! p5etration ( ! d>k & matt$ primeval =e/s 0 t]rible4 ,! gr\nd 0 swampy1 & 9 ord] to facilitate ! advance ( vehicles ! s(t soil _h to be r5d]$ firm] by tree-trunks laid d[n to =m a k9d ( timb] road4 ,! m5 engag$ 9 ?is ess5tial und]tak+ suff]$ extreme privations1 n only bodily1 b m5tally z well4 ,! t]rible solitude prey$ ^u _! m9ds1 :ile ! ra9fall & entire abs5ce ( ! rudim5ts ( com=t told ^u _! con/itutions4 ,9 ord] to facilitate ! transportation ( ! provisions & mat]ial f ,european ,russia to ! ma9 depots along ! l9e1 ! great wat]ways 7 utilis$ to ! fulle/ ext5t4 ,boats ( all descriptions took on ^! /ores at conv5i5t po9ts ne> ! ,urals1 su* z ,ti\m51 & by trav]s+ ! v>i\s tribut>ies ( ! mighty ,obi 7 able to ga9 num]\s po9ts along ! location1 :]e !y dis*>g$ _! c>goes4 ,!nce ! goods 7 dispat*$ to ! scatt]$ depots & camps by road4 ,:5 ,irkutsk 0 ga9$1 ! fir/ s]i\s tr\bles aris+ f ! m\nta9s confront$ ! eng9e]s4 ,! survey %[$ t ! l9e "h w\ld h to describe a huge det\r to r\nd ! s\!rn extremity ( ,lake ,baikal1 a %eet ( wat] z l>ge z ,engl&4 ,! c\ntry 0 brok5 up to an extreme degree1 & among o!r works ( a heavy nature involv$ 0 a tunnel ne>ly #ab1ejj feet long ?r\gh ! ,zyrk\s\nsk m\nta9 *a91 :i* t[]s to a height ( #ab1jjj feet above sea-level4 ,b ! tunnel 0 only "o ob/acle :i* w\ld h to be ov]come1 = heavy cutt+s ?r\gh rock & big fills to cross depressions 7 indicat$ on all sides4 ,"s idea ( ! outlook 0 af=d$ f ! e/imat$ co/ ( ?is #ahb miles ( l9e :i* 0 ciph]$ at #b1gjj1jjj1 or #ac1ejj1jjj4 ,z1 aft] compass+ ! lake1 ! l9e swung %>ply nor?-ea/w>ds to ga9 ,myssovaia1 practically opposite ! po9t on ! we/ bank1 a bold tempor>y exp$i5t 0 sugge/$4 ,?is 0 ! in/allation ( a l>ge vessel comb9+ ! features ( an ice-break] & f]ry1 :i* %\ld c>ry ! tra9s intact across ! lake1 a di/ance ( ab\t #de miles4 ,by ?is means con/ruction f ! ea/]n bank c\ld be ha/5$1 leav+ ! l9e ar\nd ! end ( ! %eet ( wat] to be built at leisure at a subsequ5t date4 ,! con/ruction ( ?is vessel 0 entru/$ to ,sir ,w4 ,g4 ,arm/rong1 ,:itwor? ,co41 ,limit$1 :o _h und]tak5 ! ice-break] ,ermak :i* _h prov$ su* a unique success 9 ! ,baltic ,sea4 ,x measures #bhj feet 9 l5g? & has a displacem5t ( #d1bjj tons4 ,x is propell$ by tw9 screws driv5 by triple expansion eng9es develop+ #c1gej horse-p[]4 ,a ?ird screw is plac$ 9 ! front1 :i* n only s]ves to assi/ propulsion1 b also to cru% ! ice1 ! vessel1 z x 71 cutt+ its own *annel4 ,rails are laid ^u ! deck ( ?is /eam] s t ! tra91 :5 x comes to ! wat]'s edge on "o bank1 proce$s "u its own p[] on to ! /eam]1 & ^u rea*+ ! opposite bank ( ! lake runs on to dry l&4 ,9 addition1 !re is accommodation = a l>ge numb] ( pass5g]s4 ,! vessel 0 built on ! ,tyne & !n dismantl$1 e "p be+ numb]$ to %[ its relative position4 ,x 0 %ipp$ to ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & f t po9t dispat*$ to ,krasnoi>sk4 ,"h on ! %ores ( ,lake ,baikal ! p>ts 7 reassembl$ & ! vessel 0 laun*$4 ,?is %ip-build+ op]ation 0 no mean feat 9 itself1 be>+ 9 m9d ! remote situation ( ! lake & ! complete abs5ce ( ^? ?\s&-&-"o facilities :i* are to be f\nd 9 a %ipy>d on ! ,tyne4 ,! vessel prov$ a complete success1 & ! au?orities 7 s gratifi$ at ?is solution ( a difficult problem t !y secur$ a second ice-break]1 toge!r ) a float+ dock :]e ^! craft c\ld be repair$ & ov]haul$ z occasion dem&$1 toge!r ) suffici5t equipm5t = su* "w4 ,! total exp5diture ^u ?is trans-,baikal m>9e "w alone am\nt$ to #fhd1aij1 or #c1dbj1iej4 ,! l9e ar\nd ! %ore ( ! lake1 h[ev]1 has be5 complet$1 provid+ ?r\gh cont9u\s railway communication across ,sib]ia4 ,pass5g]s c /ill enjoy ! lake trip if !y desire or are 9 a hurry1 z ! /eam]s are /ill 9 s]vice1 n only = ?is special purpose1 b also to s]ve v>i\s o!r po9ts along ! %ores ( ,lake ,baikal1 !reby br++ a great t]ritory )9 easy rea* ( ! railway4 ,! =g+ ( ! l9k ar\nd ! lake1 h[ev]1 prov$ ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! :ole und]tak+4 ,bridges across yawn+ deep gul*es _h to be introduc$ freely & project+ spurs _h to be tunnell$4 ,heavy gradi5ts & %>p curves c\ld n be avoid$ ow+ to ! configuration ( ! c\ntry1 & at _m places ! "w is extremely d>+4 ,despite ! difficulties ) :i* ! eng9e] _h to grapple1 ?is try+ section 0 complet$ two ye>s be=e ! anticipat$ date1 a result 9 ! ma9 due to ! en]gy & initiative ( "o man--,pr9ce ,khilk(f4 ,?is scion ( "o ( ! olde/ & mo/ noble families 9 ,russia 0 an extraord9>y man1 & probably ! mo/ fam\s railway eng9e] t ,russia has produc$4 ,8 c>e] 0 z extraord9>y z 8 "*4 ,:5 a "y man he det]m9$ to see ?+s = himself4 ,= sev]al mon?s he work$ at a b5* 9 ,liv]pool 9 ord] to become famili> ) ! trade ( a me*anic4 ,!n :5 "o ( ! e>ly trans-cont95tal railways 0 be+ driv5 across ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 he proce$$ to t c\ntry & jo9$ ! navvy+ gangs at ! railhead1 becom+ acqua9t$ 9 turn ) ! difficulties ( p5etrat+ ! m\nta9s1 railway-build+ & a ?\s&-&-"o o!r details p]ta9+ to su* op]ations 9 a new c\ntry ( a div]sifi$ "*4 ,9 ?is way he ga9$ valuable fir/-h& k f practical exp]i5ce4 ,aft]w>ds he turn$ 8 att5tion to ! op]at+ side1 s]v+ fir/ z /ok] & !n z driv]4 ,/ill climb+ ! ladd]1 he became traction manag] & 0 responsible = ! runn+ ( ! l9e4 ,few m5 ev] h ga9$ su* an all-r\nd k ( ! intricate art ( controll+ a railway z did ,pr9ce ,mi*ael ,ivanovit* ,khilk(f1 & "o ( 8 mo/ treasur$ possessions 0 an old c]tificate ( "* t 0 giv5 to him by 8 sup]ior :5 he sev]$ 8 connection ) an ,am]ican railway1 9 ord] to facilitate 8 secur+ ano!r po/4 ,! k he ?us acquir$ /ood him 9 valuable /ead :5 he return$ to ,russia1 :]e ! developm5t ( v>i\s means ( communication ?r\gh\t ! empire 0 9 a /ate ( transition4 ,on acc\nt ( 8 wide & v>i$ exp]i5ce he 0 appo9t$ to ! director%ip & control ( v>i\s railways1 & soon br\ght !m to a high /ate ( effici5cy4 ,he a*iev$ ! topmo/ rung ( ! ladd] :5 he 0 appo9t$ m9i/] ( all ! roads1 canals1 riv]s & railways ( ! empire4 ,! ,trans-,sib]ian road ?us came "u 8 control1 & he set to "w en]getically ^u ! completion ( ?is trem5d\s ent]prise4 ,8 influ5ce 0 demon/rat$ on e h&4 ,lackadaisical me?ods made way = /rict bus9ess r\t9e1 & 9 a %ort "t ! :ole organisation 0 runn+ ) ! precision ( a clock4 ,8 subord9ates :5 9 a qu&>y nev] hesitat$ f seek+ 8 advice & assi/ance1 :i* 7 grant$ always ) sympa!tic int]e/2 & :5 ! ob/acle assum$ m ?an normal proportions he did n attempt its negotiation f an arm-*air ?\s&s ( miles away1 b hurri$ to ! spot to /udy x at fir/-h&1 & to recomm5d & assi/ himself 9 ! break+ d[n ( ! difficulty4 ,he _h become s saturat$ ) ,am]ican railway me?ods t he travell$ up & d[n ! l9e cont9u\sly2 no detail1 no matt] h[ slight1 miss$ 8 eye4 ,at ! "t ! ,circum-,baikal l9e 0 9 progress he sc>cely ev] left ! railhead1 z x 0 j "o ( ^? complex & exasp]at+ fights ) ,nature 9 :i* he revell$4 ,at sev5ty-five he 0 z active & z ke5 z ev]1 & x 0 a di/9ct mis=tune = ,russia t he 0 /ruck d[n by a p>alytic /roke f :i* he nev] recov]$4 ,/ill1 he left a ho/ ( recomm5dations = ! improvem5t ( ! ,trans-,sib]ian & o!r railways1 includ+ ! d\ble track+ ( ! great trans-cont95tal /eel way1 :i* are n[ be+ fulfill$4 ,:5 ,lake ,baikal 0 cross$1 ! eng9e]s exp]i5c$ a grim /ruggle = supremacy ?r\gh e foot ( ! way4 ,!re is an up-hill pull f ! %ore ( ! lake ov] ! ,yablonovoi range1 :]e ! railway atta9s its highe/ po9t on ! cont95t1 viz4 #c1dab feet above sea-level1 & !n makes a desc5t to ga9 ! valley ( ! ,amur4 ,! c\ntry trav]s$ is ( a v>i$ "*1 & 0 f\nd to be tightly 9 ! grip ( fro/1 = ! w9t] is t]ribly sev]e4 ,! l&1 9 fact1 may be describ$ z et]nally froz51 = 9 summ]1 al?\gh ! temp]ature rises to ab\t #fb degrees1 x does n ?aw ! gr\nd to a dep? ( m ?an #g feet bel[ ! surface4 ,9 ! =e/$ p>ts :]e ! bran*es %ut out ! g5ial rays ( ! sun1 ice is f\nd at ab\t #bj in*es bel[ ! surface 9 midsumm]4 ,"u ^! circum/ances advance 0 try+4 ,! top-soil 0 z h>d z rock1 & c\ld n be displac$ except by dynamite1 s t 9 ! deep cutt+s 9 mid-summ] x 0 j z ardu\s to cut a way ?r\gh ! froz5 loam z ?r\gh ! solid rock4 ,! riv]s1 al?\gh !y fl[ ) a fi]ce velocity1 freeze up quickly1 & ! ice assumes a great dep?--a tra9 c cross on ! congeal$ surface ) p]fect safety4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 /range to say1 x 0 f\nd to be easi] to "w dur+ ! w9t]1 not)/&+ ! extreme cold1 ?an dur+ ! summ]1 = a high] rate ( advance c\ld be ma9ta9$ :5 ! c\ntry 0 fro/-b\nd4 ,!re is an almo/ total abs5ce ( sn[1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 dur+ ! summ] ! ra9fall is trem5d\s4 ,! wet season la/s cont9u\sly = ne>ly two mon?s--f ! middle ( ,june to ! middle ( ,augu/4 ,! d[np\r is s t]rific t floods are precipitat$ on e h&1 & ! resultant situation1 z may be surmis$1 is ( ! mo/ mis]able "*4 ,9 #ahig ! effect ( ?is deluge 0 exp]i5c$ to an abnormal degree1 = sev]al villages 7 ov]:elm$1 & widespread mis]y 0 inflict$ among ! peasants4 ,! railway did n escape1 = l>ge /ret*es ( l9e 7 wa%$ away & l>ge quantities ( mat]ial 7 lo/4 ,! sc>city ( lab\r 0 felt v sev]ely4 ,suffici5t m5 c\ld n be recruit$ locally1 & to import navvies f ,europe 0 hopeless4 ,to meet ?is cont+5cy ! ,adm9i/ration au?orities sanction$ ! employm5t ( exiles1 :ile crim9als 7 requisition$ to build ! grade "u a milit>y gu>d4 ,?\gh rec\rse to prison lab\r has be5 (t5 advocat$ = railway con/ruction1 ?is is "o ( ! r>e in/ances :]e x has be5 br\ght into actual application ?r\gh absolute =ce ( circum/ances4 ,assi/ance 0 r5d]$ by ,*9ese lab\r]s1 & ?\gh at fir/ !y prov$ indiff]5t 9 ! manipulation ( tools1 _! assi/ance ultimately prov$ invaluable1 z ! majority develop$ into exp]t workm54 ,z 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ! inhabitants 7 fav\r$ s f> z possible 9 reg>d to ! acquisition ( horses1 :i* 7 necess>y = team+ & haulage "w g5]ally1 9 a di/rict :]e /eam traction eng9es 7 q out ( ! "q4 ,! camps 7 provid$ also1 s f> z practicable1 ) local produce4 ,9 ?is t]ritory1 h[ev]1 a s]i\s situation 0 precipitat$4 ,! h>ve/ fail$1 & ! peasants 7 fac$ ) />vation4 ,!n ! dread$ disease kn[n locally z 8,sib]ia0 ravag$ ! c\ntry4 ,x is a plague analog\s to ! r9d]pe/ ( ,s\? ,africa1 & has wr\ght trem5d\s havoc ?r\gh\t ! ea/]n corn] ( ! ,russian ,empire1 its effects be+ exp]i5c$ along ! %ores ( ! ,pacific4 ,9 #ahih1 ?is calamity assum$ su* proportions t "w _h to be br\ght to a /&/ill = lack ( transportation facilities4 ,! ,gov]nm5t attempt$ to alleviate ! situation by organis+ a special vet]9>y s]vice to /udy ! plague on ! spot1 ) a view to elaborat+ "s palliative measures4 ,9 ord] to meet ! local defici5cy ! eng9e]s 7 compell$ to dispat* emiss>ies into ,mongolia to pur*ase ! h>dy bea/s ( burd5 peculi> to t c\ntry4 ,l>ge h]ds 7 acquir$ 9 ?is mann] & 7 driv5 sev]al hundr$ miles to ! grade4 ,by means ( ?is section ! railway 0 c>ri$ s f> ea/ z ,/ret5sk1 f :i* po9t ! l9e 0 to be cont9u$ to ,khab>ovsk4 ,a modification 9 ! arrangem5ts1 h[ev]1 took place4 ,"u ! orig9al s*eme ! l9e 0 to trav]se ,russian t]ritory entirely1 al?\gh ,man*uria ?ru/ its bord] s f> to ! nor? z to dem& a wide det\r 9 ord] to ga9 ,vladivo/ok4 ,at la/1 h[ev]1 x became possible to c>ry ! railway into ,man*uria1 & z a l9k 0 be+ built across ?is c\ntry1 af=d+ a %ort-cut to ! seabo>d1 ! ,amur railway 0 ab&on$1 a %ort l5g? be+ built to ! ,*9ese fronti] to connect ) ! ,ea/]n ,*9ese railways in/ead4 ,! result is t ! extreme ea/]n end ( ! l9e comes to a dead-end at ,khab>ovsk1 & 9 itself is f> f be+ remun]ative4 ,at ! "t ! eng9e]s appe>$ on ! sc5e ! t]ritory _h n be5 explor$1 signs ( settlem5t 7 v few & f> betwe51 !re 7 no roads1 & ! population 0 compos$ mo/ly ( exiles & prison]s deport$ f ,europe4 ,con/ruction _h to be c>ri$ out almo/ exclusively by convicts1 assi/$ by ! milit>y1 ,*9ese & ,corean lab\r4 ,! climate be+ extremely humid 9 summ]1 ! "w dur+ t p]iod prov$ t]ribly exact+1 & ! difficulties 7 enhanc$ by ! ravages ( ! cattle plague4 ,all mat]ial1 be+ manufactur$ 9 ,european ,russia1 _h to be br\ght to ! extreme ea/]n end by wat]1 ei!r via ! ,suez ,canal or ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 & consequ5tly delays 7 frequ5t & (t5 s]i\s = bo? grade & m54 ,! primeval =e/ 0 t]rible to p5etrate ow+ to ! huge trees1 :i*1 al?\gh !y provid$ ample mat]ial = con/ructional purposes1 dem&$ consid]able ef=t & "t = _! removal f ! "r-(-way4 ,z ! conque/ ( ,man*uria comm5c$ :ile ?is "w 0 9 progress1 & a %ort] cut to ,vladivo/ok 0 be+ provid$1 a spur 0 driv5 we/w>ds f ,nikolsk to ! ,*9ese fronti] to meet ! ,man*urian railway4 ,ow+ to ! re>rangem5t ( ! railway *ess-bo>d 9 ! ,ea/ 9 consequ5ce ( ! ,russo-,japanese w>1 x is q possible t ! ,trans-,sib]ian railway w be complet$ z orig9ally plann$--t is1 ?r\gh ,russian t]ritory entirely1 by ! completion ( ! ,amur railway f ,/ret5sk to ,khab>ovsk4 ,! total co/ ( ! ?r\gh ma9 l9e z n[ 9 op]ation 0 approximately #cc1jjj1jjj1 or #afe1jjj1jjj4 ,:5 ! v>i\s o!r works incid5tal to ! s*eme1 su* z ! connections ) ! ,*9ese fronti]1 are includ$1 ! total approa*es ! enorm\s figure ( #dj1jjj1jjj1 or #bjj1jjj1jjj4 ,?is m]ely repres5ts ! build+ ( ! track itself betwe5 ,kotlass 9 ,european ,russia--n[ consid]$ a "p ( ! s*eme--& ,vladivo/ok1 )\t a s+le railway c>1 wagon or eng9e4 ,z orig9ally design$1 ! capacity ( ! l9e 0 fix$ at ?ree tra9s ea* way p] day1 b ! lightness ( ! con/ruction did n p]mit ?is be+ ma9ta9$ :5 ! railway 0 subject$ to great pressure1 su* z att5d$ ! transport ( troops to ! ,ea/4 ,! ov]haul ( ! l9e 0 comm5c$ imm$iately1 & ! "q ( d\bl+ ! track tak5 into s]i\s consid]ation4 ,?is latt] "w is n[ 9 progress1 & x is e/imat$ t ?is task alone w repres5t a prodigi\s exp5diture4 ,! effect ( ! railway ^u ! movem5t ( traffic ar\nd ! nor!rn hemisph]e became manife/$ imm$iately4 ,!re 7 two ways 9 :i* ,*9a & ! ,ea/ g5]ally c\ld be ga9$ f ,europe4 ,"o r\te 0 by /eam] all ! way via ! ,suez ,canal1 ! second 0 by way ( ! ,atlantic1 across ,am]ica by rail1 & by /eam%ip across ! ,pacific4 ,b ! ,trans-,sib]ian r\te 0 f> & away ! %orte/ & quicke/1 & z ! campaign ( ov]haul is proce$+1 accel]ation is tak+ place4 ,n[ x is possible to rea* ,%anghai f ,london )9 #af days1 & "o c encircle ! nor!rn half ( ! _w 9 less ?an #dj days4 ,! extreme precautions obs]v$ to pres]ve communication on ! l9e are notewor?y4 ,! :ole railway is divid$ into sections1 ea* measur+ #a1agd y>ds 9 l5g?4 ,ea* /ation is provid$ ) a cottage h\s+ ! /ation-ma/]1 8 family & ! employees4 ,"s #djjj ( ^! (ficials are scatt]$ along ! r\te betwe5 ! ,ural ,m\nta9s & ! city ( ,tomsk4 ,! m5 h a common uni=m1 :i* is r ( a milit>y appe>ance1 & x is no uncommon exp]i5ce to he> pass5g]s unfamili> ) ?is feature rem>k t ! l9e is gu>d$ f end to end by soldi]s4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is j ! same z if ! v>i\s employees ( our railways1 su* z port]s1 signalm51 gu>ds1 ticket-collectors1 & s =?1 7 attir$ 9 khaki4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,leopold9a ,,railway ,s\? ,am]ica has con/itut$ a happy hunt+-gr\nd = ! railway eng9e] det]m9$ to c>ry out 8 conque/ ) /eam & /eel 9 ! face ( all opposition on ! "p ( ,nature4 ,! fam\s ,oroya l9e is describ$ 9 ano!r "p ( ?is volume1 b on ! ea/]n side ( ! cont95t is ano!r railway :i* is equally z rem>kable1 & :i* con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ eng9e]+ a*ievem5ts 9 ?is p>ticul> field ( endeav\r s\? ( ! ,equator4 ,inde$1 9 _m respects x ranks z "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ l9es 9 ! _w4 ,?is is ! ,leopold9a railway1 :i*1 ) its hub re/+ on ! ,atlantic seabo>d1 has its t5tacles spread+ ?r\gh ! prov9ces ( ,rio1 ,m9aes & ,espirito ,santo to ! ext5t ( "s #a1ejj or m miles4 ,9 reality x is a comb9ation ( _m units4 ,9 ! 'sixties ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ,brazil resolv$ to criss-cross its t]ritory ) /eel1 & %ort l5g?s ( l9e 7 laid on all sides4 ,b ! f9ances ( ! c\ntry became s /ra9$ f int]nal tr\bles & ! decl9e 9 ! price ( c(fee t money c\ld n be sp>$ to build or to op]ate railways successfully4 ,an ,engli% company 0 organis$1 !re=e1 to take ov] a numb] ( ^! individual roads1 & !y 7 comb9$ into a homog5e\s :ole to =m ! ,leopold9a sy/em4 ,:5 ! ,engli%m5 ent]$ into possession !y f\nd a sorry /ate ( ?+s4 ,! f9ances 7 9 a hopelessly involv$ tangle1 & mon?s elaps$ be=e !y 7 /raight5$ out4 ,! tracks likewise 7 9 a pitiable condition ( decay4 ,!y _h be5 built *eaply1 & _h suff]$ sev]ely f ! innum]able enemies to railways 9 a tropical c\ntry4 ,lack ( funds _h militat$ aga9/ repairs be+ c>ri$ out ^u a compreh5sive or ?or\gh scale1 ) ! result t ! :ole sy/em pres5t$ a pat*$ & dilapidat$ appe>ance4 ,h[ev]1 no "t 0 lo/ 9 plac+ ! und]tak+ ^u a firm foot+4 ,)9 two mon?s ( ! acquisition ( ! railways a l>ge /aff ( m5 = bo? ! adm9i/ration & eng9e]+ sides ( ! ent]prise 7 dispat*$ to ,s\? ,am]ica1 ) ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,b>r[ z g5]al manag] & ,mr4 ,norman ,b4 ,dickson1 ,m4,,in/4,c4,e41 z eng9e]-9-*ief4 ,! eng9e] 0 comm&$ to ov]haul ! :ole network1 to recon/ruct x if necess>y1 s t ! l9es might be capable ( meet+ ! exig5cies ( ! traffic await+ creation f ! developm5t ( ! c\ntry4 ,at t "t ,rio de ,janeiro 0 an insalubri\s city--9 fact1 x 0 almo/ a gravey>d = ,engli%m54 ,mr4 ,dickson f\nd ?is out 9 a v %ort space ( "t4 ,! company lo/ ?ree acc\ntants & a numb] ( ,briti% assi/ants "u ! malignant sc\rge t prevail$--yell[ fev]4 ,s9ce ^? days ,rio de ,janeiro has made great /rides & has und]gone ext5sive improvem5t4 ,! city has be5 rebuilt1 & has be5 provid$ ) a complete sanitation sy/em1 to br+ x into l9e ) ! o!r great ports ( ! _w4 ,b 9 ^? days x 0 absolutely unt5antable f ! :ite man's po9t ( view1 & ! railway au?orities 7 compell$ to provide accommodation = _! import$ /aff 9 a heal?y spot outside ! city1 :]e ! m5 und]w5t :at might be describ$ z a process ( acclimatisation la/+ ov] eighte5 mon?s4 ,! fir/ few ye>s 7 /r5u\s to ! eng9e]-9-*ief4 ,he 0 confront$ ) a =midable task on all sides4 ,! l9e is ( metre1 or #ci4c in*es1 gauge ?r\gh\t1 & _h be5 built 9 a some:at flimsy & haphaz>d mann]4 ,! majority ( ! bridges & culv]ts _h be5 erect$ ( timb]1 ! great] "p ( :i* ei!r _h rea*$1 or 7 approa*+ closely1 ! span ( life4 ,^! _h to be replac$ by p]man5t /ructures 9 masonry or /eel4 ,! track1 too1 _h to be ov]haul$ f end to end1 reballa/$1 provid$ ) new sleep]s & rails1 & at frequ5t po9ts :]e x 0 9 an expos$ position1 & liable to suff] f ! peculi> visitations :i* wreak su* widespread de/ruction 9 t c\ntry1 _h to be /r5g!n$ & protect$ by heavy reta9+ walls & revetm5ts ( masonry4 ,yet ! ,brazilian eng9e]s _h attempt$ a d>+ eng9e]+ "w 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,! configuration ( ,brazil is some:at peculi>4 ,a few miles f ! coa/1 & runn+ r\ghly p>allel ) ! wat]-l9e1 is a rugg$ range ( m\nta9s divid+ ! l[-ly+ /ret* ( %ore f ! f]tile highl&s 9 ! int]ior4 ,! m\nta9 ridge is n regul>1 b is badly brok5 up1 =m+1 z x 71 a succession ( walls plac$ "o beh9d ! o!r4 ,9 ord] to ga9 ! int]ior1 & ow+ to ! abrupt nature ( ! asc5t1 ! l9e has to climb %>ply1 at ! same "t w9d+ 9 & out among ! clumps ( m\nta9s 9 a bewild]+ mann]4 ,9 fact1 ! diff]5ces 9 level are s sudd5 t ! track c\ld be lift$ only by means ( resort to ! rack rail1 & o!r devices su* z are adopt$ 9 ,switz]l& to asc5d ! /eep m\nta9 slopes4 ,= in/ance1 aft] leav+ ! coa/1 ! fir/ ridge is met )9 #cj miles1 & 9 ! c\rse ( #e miles ! l9e has to rise "s #cjjj feet4 ,?is involv$ ! use ( grades v>y+ f #ae to #ah p] c5t4--f #a 9 #f to #a 9 #e-e_/i--;& :5 fir/ laid d[n ! l9e 0 work$ ^u ! ,rigg5ba* sy/em4 ,x is wor? :ile to recall t x 0 on ! l[-level "p ( ?is section to ,petropolis t ! iron horse made its fir/ appe>ance 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! %ort l5g? ( l9e1 repres5t+ ab\t #ac or #ad miles1 betwe5 ,maua & ,raiz da ,s]ra 0 ! fir/ /ret* ( railway to be laid & us$ on ! cont95t s\? ( ! ,equator4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,/eep ,,bank ,,%[+ ,,! ,,c5tral ,,rack ,,rail ,illu/ration3 ,,tra9 ,,on ,,! ,,rack ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,petropolis ,,division1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,curi\s ,,type ,,( ,,locomotive ,,adopt$ ,,h[ ,,! ,,leopold9a ,,railway ,,ov]comes ,,heavy ,,grades ,on ano!r "p ( ! sy/em--! l9e runn+ inl& f ,nic!roy1 on ! ea/]n side ( ! bay ( ,rio de ,janeiro--! ,brazilian eng9e]s 7 compell$ to ov]come "o ( ! mo/ se>*+ problems 9 railway eng9e]+ 9 ! _w4 ,aft] trav]s+ =ty miles ( ! level c\ntry1 ! m\nta9 ridge b>r$ _! way4 ,!y realis$ t x c\ld be surm\nt$ only by "s exceptional sy/em1 & ! local au?orities seiz$ a unique opportunity4 ,! ,mont ,c5is tunnel1 connect+ ,italy & ,france1 _h be5 bor$ successfully1 & ?is new /eel highway ?r\gh ! he>t ( ! range displac$ ! con/ruction railway op]at+ on ! ,fell sy/em :i* _h be5 laid ov] ! cre/ ( ! ,c5is range4 ,! ,brazilian eng9e]s !reupon approa*$ ! ,swiss au?orities = ! pur*ase ( ?is ab&on$ /ret* ( m\nta9 l9e1 & _! (f] 0 accept$4 ,!reupon ! ,mont ,c5is 8,fell0 railway 0 torn up1 transport$ to ,s\? ,am]ica1 & press$ into s]vice to help ! ,brazilian eng9e]s ov] ! ob/acle t confront$ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rebuild+ ,a ,,bridge ,,on ,,! ,,leopold9a ,,railway ,! masonry /ructure _h to be built beside ! orig9al iron /ructure s z n to di/urb traffic4 ,! solution prov$ completely successful1 & ! eng9es fulfill$ _! task ^u ! eight p] c5t4 grades ) p]fect satisfaction = sev]al ye>s4 ,!n ! ,baldw9 ,company1 ( ,philadelphia1 und]took to elim9ate ! special locomotives requir$ on ! 8,fell0 sy/em1 & to conv]t ! railway to adhesion work+4 ,recall+ ! fact t = e twelve & a half feet ( advance "o makes a v]tical rise ( twelve in*es1 su* a conv]sion appe>s rem>kably d>+1 b ! exp]im5t ju/ifi$ ! trans=mation1 = ! adhesion locomotives1 not)/&+ ! extreme sev]ity ( ! gradi5t & ! %>pness ( ! curves1 :i* h a m9imum radius ( sev5ty-five feet1 h accompli%$ ! "w =m]ly complet$ by ! 8,fell0 locomotives ) equal success4 ,! result is t ?is repres5ts ! /eepe/ l5g? ( l9e ^u a trunk railway to be work$ by adhesion traction 9 ! _w4 ,! locomotives weigh =ty tons1 & !y are capable ( haul+ a tra9 weigh+ =ty-five tons on ! drawb> up ?is bank4 ,9 comp>ison ) su* climbs ! 8,big ,hill0 :i* worri$ ! ,canadian ,pacific railway eng9e]s = s _m ye>s1 appe>s insignificant4 ,! disadvantage ( ! grade on ! latt] sy/em 0 ! frequ5cy ) :i* tra9s ran away d[n ! declivity to ent] "o or o!r ( ! swit*es or cat*-po9ts1 :i* deflect$ ! tra9 or locomotive f ! ma9 track & pil$ x aga9/ a bank ( e>?4 ,su* accid5ts on ! 8,big ,hill0 7 no?+ to :at h occurr$ on ! ,leopold9a l9e4 ,! great difficulty is n 9 reg>d to asc5d+ ! grade ) a load1 al?\gh !re is a possibility ( ! eng9e fail+ to take ! hill1 & to let its driv+ :eels sp9 r\nd idly on ! metals )\t =g+ a foot ahead4 ,! traffic de/9$ = ! int]ior is comp>atively light4 ,! heavie/ loads are br\ght f ! highl&s to ! coa/1 & consequ5tly ! "q is to hold ! tra9 9 *eck z x desc5ds4 ,ord9>y brak+ is useless1 z1 al?\gh ! :eels may be lock$1 ! :ole tra9 is liable to toboggan d[n ! metal slide almo/ z furi\sly z if ! :eels 7 runn+ freely4 ,! situation has be5 met by fir/ly rev]s+ ! eng9es & lett+ a small am\nt ( /eam into ! cyl9d]s suffici5t to act z a break1 & by reta9+ ! c5tre rail ( ! ,fell sy/em & to grip x by means ( a /rong scissors brake4 ,inasmu* z ! eng9e]s are extremely c>eful :5 desc5d+ ! hill1 runaways are few & f> betwe54 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,flood ,,on ,,! ,,l9e ,! track is subm]g$ by ! torr5tial ra9fall4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,d]ailm5t ,,caus$ ,,by ,,! ,,tra9 ,,collid+ ,,) ,a ,,c[6 ,,curi\s ,,tr\bles ,,exp]i5c$ ,,on ,,! ,,leopold9a ,,railway ,n[ & aga91 h[ev]1 a tra9 gets out ( control1 especially :5 ! rails are wet & slipp]y4 ,to meet ?is condition ( affairs ! driv]1 ( c\rse1 makes lib]al use ( s&1 b "h aga9 ! fates are aga9/ him1 = ow+ to ! %>p curves x is no easy matt] to induce ! s& fall+ f ! eng9e's s&-boxes to drop on ! face (1 & n betwe5 or outside1 ! rails4 ,:5 a tra9 does get out ( h& on ! desc5t ! driv] has to tru/ to luck to ga9 ! bottom ( ! bank 9 safety1 or to rega9 control ( 8 *>ge4 ,sometimes he succe$s & sometimes he fails4 ,9 ! latt] case d]ailm5t g5]ally ensues1 ) m or less disa/r\s results4 ,mr4 ,dickson _h a n>r[ escape f ?is dang] himself "o day4 ,he 0 c>ry+ out 8 p]iodical inspection ( ! l9e f 8 special c>riage c\pl$ to a locomotive4 ,9 com+ d[n ! bank some?+ w5t wrong1 & ! tra9 got away4 ,! eng9e]-9-*ief admits t he _h an uncom=tably anxi\s few m9utes4 ,he felt ! tra9 ga!r spe$1 & suff]$ viol5t oscillation z ! tra9 swung r\nd ! b5ds4 ,j z he 0 wond]+ :at w\ld be ! end1 !re 0 a jump & a cra%4 ,! eng9e _h left ! track1 roll$ ov]1 & 8 c> 0 a/ride ! ov]turn$ locomotive4 ,he crawl$ out ( ! wreck1 badly %ak5 & bruis$1 b o!rwise little ! worse = 8 adv5ture1 ?\gh ! un=tunate driv] 0 kill$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,int]e/+ ,,eng9e]+ ,,a*ievem5t ,?is #afj-;feet bridge span _h to be erect$ & pull$ into position ov] roll]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bridge ,,ov] ,,! ,,p>ahybuna ,,riv]1 ,,%[+ ,,height ,,( ,,riv] ,,9 ,,flood ,,& ,,=ce ,,( ,,wat] ,,surg+ ,,r\nd ,,! ,,pi]s ,,! ,,leopold9a ,,railway ,,9 ,,brazil ,9 ord] to negotiate ! ?ird m\nta9 range ano!r solution ( ! difficulty 0 adopt$4 ,! precipice 0 s /eep t ! eng9e]s c\ld n introduce ! loops requisite to c>ry ! l9e cont9u\sly f "o level to ! o!r4 ,s !y _h rec\rse to ! swit*-back1 :]e9 ! l9e runs d[n-hill = a %ort di/ance to a dead-end4 ,?is br+s ! eng9e ( ! desc5d+ tra9 to ! re>1 & by giv+ ! latt] a slight pu% x is s5t d[n ano!r simil> swit*-back to ano!r dead-end1 :]e ! eng9e is br\ght once m to ! front ( ! tra94 ,9 ?is mann]1 alt]nately pull+ & pu%+1 ! tra9 ga9s ! bottom or top ( ! level ( ! l9e1 accord+ to ! direction 9 :i* x is travell+4 ,9 reality x is a zigzag1 simil> 9 "* to t :i* 0 us$ = s _m ye>s ^u ! ,new ,s\? ,wales railways1 z describ$ else:]e4 ,al?\gh on ! ea/]n side ( ! cont95t ! eng9e] is sp>$ ! ravages ( sn[ & avalan*es1 he suff]s f o!r di/urb+ elem5ts :i* p]haps are m to be dread$4 ,^! are floods1 wa%-outs & l&slides4 ,! ra9fall 9 ?is t]ritory av]ages betwe5 #ij & #ajj in*es dur+ ! ye>1 & :5 ! ra9/orms break ! d[nfall is trem5d\s4 ,! riv]s are conv]t$ into ro>+ cat>acts1 huge cavities are torn 9 ! flanks ( ! m\nta9s1 & enorm\s quantities ( debris are releas$4 ,%\ld ! l9e be 9 ! way ( su* a visitation x suff]s sev]ely4 ,x is no uncommon circum/ance = a huge gap to be cut 9 ! railway1 %[+ :]e ! te>+ wat] or desc5d+ mass ( e>? has cra%$ ?r\gh ! track1 sweep+ ev]y?+ be=e x4 ,no?+ c )/& ! =ce ( ^! onslaughts1 & al?\gh heavy reta9+ walls ( masonry may s]ve to *eck _! fury1 !y are n completely successful4 ,! result is t :5 ! ra9s are exp5d+ _! viol5ce1 ! eng9e]-9-*ief is prep>$ = "s heavy repair+ "w1 = possibly #ajj1jjj tons or m ( e>!n embankm5t may be demoli%$4 ,!n ! eng9e] hurri$ly completes a new survey1 & replaces ! track ar\nd ! sc5e ( ! accid5t1 because recon/ruction1 z a rule1 is m economical & quick] ?an attempt+ to repair ! injury inflict$4 ,?is1 at times1 & 9 a cramp$ valley1 is no easy task1 = ! curvature has to be borne 9 m9d4 ,consequ5tly ! de/ruction (t5 precipitates a pretty eng9e]+ problem1 extrication f :i* dep5ds ^u ! eng9e]'s res\rces & +5i\s ability entirely4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! control ( a ,s\? ,am]ican railway1 :]e su* conditions z ^! prevail1 imposes a supreme task ^u a man's capacity4 ,wa%-outs & l&slips w f9d ! eng9e] out m quickly ?an any o!r em]g5cy1 because he is call$ ^u to keep ! track go+ at all haz>ds1 & :5 a brea* does occur1 8 own ent]prise & initiative alone det]m9e ! l5g? ( ! p]iod ( int]ruption to traffic4 ,on su* a l9e z ! ,leopold9a railway ?is is a s]i\s factor1 because !re is a con/ant heavy volume ( produce1 especially c(fee1 maize1 tobacco & sug>1 p\r+ t[>ds ! coa/4 ,dur+ a rec5t ye> floods1 wa%-outs & l&slides co/ ! railway no less ?an1 #bd1ejj1 or #abb1ejj4 ,?is 0 a ye> ( abnormal disa/] 9 ?is direction1 b ! item g5]ally approximates betwe5 #ab1jjj & #ad1jjj1 or #fj1jjj & #gj1jjj1 9 ! c\rse ( ! twelve mon?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bridge ,,ov] ,,! ,,p>ahybuna ,,riv] ,,at ,,campos ,,"u ,,con/ruction ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,p>ahybuna ,,riv] ,,bridge ,,complet$4 ,,total ,,l5g? #a1aac ,,feet ,! cross+ ( ?is wat]way by ! ,leopold9a ,railway creat$ a riot 9 ,campos4 ,! replacem5t ( ! decrepit bridges occasion$ ,mr4 ,dickson no little p]plexity1 b ?is "w became all ! m urg5t1 z ! orig9al /ructures c\ld n )/& ! heavi] locomotives & tra9s t 7 introduc$ by ! ,briti% company4 ,"o ( ! mo/ difficult und]tak+s ( ?is "* 0 ! erection ( a massive masonry ar* bridge 9 ?ree spans ^u ! rack sy/em ( ! ,petropolis bran*4 ,ea* span is ( #ej feet1 & ! "w 0 complicat$ by be+ on a curve ( #hj metres1 or ab\t #bff feet radius4 ,x _h to replace a tre/le bridge1 & recon/ruction _h to progress )\t int]f]+ ) traffic4 ,ano!r notable piece ( "w :i* he complet$ successfully 0 ! erection ( a s+le /eel gird] bridge ( #afj feet span across ! ,p>ahybuna ,riv]4 ,ow+ to ! velocity ( ! curr5t & ! great dep? ( wat]1 false-"w 0 q out ( ! "q1 s ! /eel-"w _h to be erect$ on %ore1 roll$ out1 & laun*$ into position1 be+ held 9 *eck by cables1 :i* prov$ a try+ ordeal ow+ to ! curr5t4 ,:5 br\ght into position betwe5 ! abutm5ts1 ! /eel-"w 0 lift$ by means ( jacks1 ! tempor>y nose 0 dismantl$1 & ! span l[]$ until x re/$ 9 ! desir$ position ^u its supports4 ,illu/ration3 ,see page #bbd ,,! ,,rockb\nd ,,%ore ,,( ,,lake ,,sup]ior ,,sev]ely ,,tax$ ,,! ,,eng9e]s ,,9 ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,,! ,,canadian ,,pacific ,,railway ,at places1 con/ruction av]ag$ z mu* z #gj1jjj1 or #cej1jjj1 p] mile4 ,occasionally ! advance ( ! railway has be5 res5t$ by ! inhabitants4 ,= in/ance1 :5 x 0 decid$ to c>ry ! railway across ! ,p>ahybuna ,riv] at ,campos1 ! populace ( ! latt] t[n consid]$ x an unw>rant$ intrusion4 ,!y 7 urg$ t ! railway bridge w\ld cause _! trade on ! wat]way to %r9k to inf9itesimal proportions4 ,!reupon ! inhabitants raid$ ! railway1 & zeal\sly set to "w to de/roy ev]y?+ de/9$ = ! bridge4 ,! situation look$ ugly1 b ! au?orities took /]n measures & quell$ ! riot1 ?\gh n be=e damage to ! ext5t ( #dj1jjj1 or #bjj1jjj1 _h be5 wr\ght4 ,?is bridge is "o ( ! mo/ important ^u ! :ole sy/em4 ,f end to end x measures #a1aac feet1 divid$ into six ?r\gh truss spans support$ ^u five pairs ( pi]s 9 ! wat]way4 ,?is outbreak ( ho/ility1 h[ev]1 0 q exceptional4 ,9 ! int]ior ! natives h welcom$ ! railway r ?an attempt$ to arre/ its progress4 ,?is feel+ has tak5 an unusual turn at places :]e ! communities h pres5t$ ! l& = ! "r-(-way1 & 9 o!r cases h built /ations at _! own exp5se4 ,s9ce ! railway has be5 "u ,briti% control ! expansion ( ! c\ntry has proce$$ rapidly1 & ! exploitation ( ! soil has prov$ highly pr(itable4 ,! railway ma9ta9s an active progressive policy1 ?r[+ out spur l9es :]ev] ! local conditions promise an equitable return1 to enc\rage developm5t4 ,^! bran*es are n built ^u pione] pr9ciples1 b are equal 9 e respect to ! trunk roads4 ,! am\nt ( e>?work incurr$ 9 ! con/ruction is enorm\s4 ,n9ety p] c5t4 ( ! mileage ( ! l9e is c>ri$ out ^u ! sides ( ! hills1 necessitat+ cutt+s suffici5tly deep & wide to c>ry ! track4 ,! location = ! mo/ "p is along ! banks ( ! riv]s1 inasmu* z ^! (f] ! easie/ *annels to p5etrate ! m\nta9 ridges4 ,z ^! wat]ways describe extremely me&]+ c\rses1 ! railway is a maze ( twi/s & turns4 ,9 fact1 ! l9e might be describ$1 aft] x leaves ! flats along ! coa/1 z a cont9u\s succession ( curves & rev]se curves1 m (t5 ?an n1 )\t an int]v5+ /ret* ( tang5t1 or /raight1 l5g? ( track4 ,z a result fanta/ic 8,s0 w9d+s1 horse-%oe b5ds1 & figure-eight loops ab\nd1 ?\gh ! m9imum curve is ( #bff feet radius4 ,despite its rem>kable s]p5t9e "*1 h[ev]1 ! ,brazilian eng9e]s display$ m>k$ ability 9 ! orig9al location1 be>+ 9 m9d ! /ate ( railway eng9e]+ at ! date ^! l9es 7 und]tak54 ,:5 ,mr4 ,dickson appe>$ on ! sc5e to /raight5 out ! railway1 ! natives con/itut$ 8 sole lab\r1 & he f\nd t ! ,brazilian eng9e]s 7 adapt$ em95tly to ! "w ( survey+ & locat+1 be+ possess$ ( a specially good eye = a railway l9e ?r\gh difficult c\ntry4 ,! lab\r1 too1 9 g5]al1 0 f\nd to be ( a high /&>d4 ,! ,*9aman is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! be/ navvy1 b accord+ to ?is eng9e] :o has _h exp]i5ce 9 railway con/ruction 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 8 pref]5ce is ov]:elm+ly 9 fav\r ( ! ,brazilian ,portugee4 ,he takes a pride 9 8 "w1 is consci5ti\s1 & p]=ms 8 task ?or\ghly4 ,^! traits /ood ! eng9e]-9-*ief 9 good /ead 9 8 "w ( ov]haul1 = x enabl$ him to produce a l9e :i*1 f ! po9t ( excell5ce & solidity1 w\ld be difficult to rival 9 m advanc$ c\ntries4 ,9 ! upkeep ( ! l9e ! same *>act]i/ics are obs]vable4 ,! m5 are tidy1 keep ! track 9 excell5t condition1 & leave little cause = compla9t 9 reg>d to ! ma9t5ance ( ! railway build+s1 tak+ pride 9 _! individual sections4 ,!y h prov$ fir/-class eng9e-driv]s1 display+ e c>e1 = on a railway ( ?is "*1 bri/l+ ) %>p curves & /eep banks1 accid5ts are liable to be caus$ f ! slighte/ miscalculation4 ,:5 disa/]s h occurr$1 x has be5 f\nd t ! causes h be5 q beyond ! m5's control4 ,"u ,briti% managem5t ! railway has be5 rescu$ completely f its =m] moribund condition1 great] /ret*es ( f]tile c\ntry h be5 br\ght "u cultivation1 & a g5]al air ( prosp]ity has be5 imp>t$ to ! t]ritory :i* x s]ves4 ,f ! f9ancial po9t ( view ! inve/m5t has prov$ a complete success1 ) ! result t ! ,leopold9a railway to-day (f]s a mo/ p[]ful example ( ! b5eficial influ5ces ( ,engli% managem5t among ! railways ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,fir/ ,,canadian ,,trans-,,cont95tal ,,railway ,z ! railway expansion ( ,canada develop$ by leaps & b\nds1 ambiti\s spirits contemplat$ l>g] & l>g] conque/s1 culm9at+ 9 a desire to build a l9k ( /eel "r across ! c\ntry f coa/ to coa/4 ,?is feel+ 0 natural4 ,on ! ,atlantic seabo>d1 settlem5t advanc$ at a rapid rate 9 ! ,l[] ,prov9ces & =c$ its way /eadily inl&4 ,on ! ,pacific side1 civilisation firmly plant$ 9 ,briti% ,columbia spread t[>ds ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,^! two colonis+ =ces1 work+ 9 ! same c\ntry1 7 z wide ap>t z if at ! ,poles1 = ! int]v5+ pla9s /ret*+ f ! ,great ,lakes to ! ,rockies 7 consid]$ useless4 ,briti% ,columbia felt ?is isolation ke5ly4 ,all traffic _h to be c>ri$ r\nd ! s\!rn extremity ( ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,to travel f ,london to ,vanc\v] 9 ! 'fifties 0 an h]oic und]tak+1 involv+ a j\rney m ?an half-way r\nd ! globe4 ,"s ( ! trade1 h[ev]1 0 ma9ta9$ ov]l&4 ,= in/ance1 ! provisions = ! ,hudson's ,bay po/ at ,vanc\v] 7 dispat*$ f ,montreal ov] a trail "s #cjjj miles 9 l5g?4 ,b x 0 a trem5d\s task1 occupy+ sev]al weeks4 ,! pack tra9 left ,montreal 9 ,may1 & ! wat] r\te 0 foll[$ s f> z practicable to ,=t ,g>ry1 :]e ,w9nipeg n[ /&s4 ,"h ! riv]s 7 ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( horses1 mules & wagons :i* trekk$ sl[ly across ! prairies--! voyageurs liv+ on ! buffalo :i* roam$ ! pla9s 9 _! ?\s&s--?read$ ! t]rible m\nta9 rifts1 & dropp$ d[n to ! coa/1 rea*+ ,vanc\v] ab\t ! end ( ,septemb]4 ,! trail 0 ill-def9$ & ! j\rney bri/l$ ) excit+ incid5ts & adv5tures4 ,! disadvantages ( ?is means ( communication betwe5 ! opposite sides ( ! cont95t 7 realis$ only too fully1 s :5 ! railway _h become e/abli%$ 9 ,ea/]n ,canada & _h demon/rat$ its trem5d\s possibilities1 an iron l9k across ! ,dom9ion 0 advocat$ /r5u\sly4 ,b ! va/ness ( ! und]tak+ 0 deem$ to be beyond ! possibilities ( ! c\ntry2 ! co/ 0 contemplat$ to be s huge t capitali/s w\ld n v5ture to commit !mselves to ! fulfilm5t ( su* a project4 ,"o ( ! advocates ( ! ent]prise sugge/$ t x %\ld be built by convict-lab\r 9 ord] to r$uce ! exp5se ( con/ruction1 & curi\sly en\gh he sugge/$ t ! l9e %\ld be c>ri$ ?r\gh ! ,kick+ ,horse ,pass1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,canadian ,pacific makes its way to ! ,pacific to-day4 ,x 0 9 #ahea t ! idea ( a trans-cont95tal railway fir/ cry/allis$ into a tangible project2 b z x eclips$ 9 conception any?+ attempt$ 9 railway build+ up to t "t1 !re 0 consid]able timidity 9 laun*+ out ^u a l9e "s #cjjj miles 9 l5g?4 ,s matt]s drift$ until ! fir/ trans-cont95tal railway 0 ?r[n across ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,san ,francisco 0 br\ght )9 a few days' travel ( ,new ,york4 ,! agitation !n broke out anew = a trans-,canadian l9e1 & ,sir ,hugh ,allan approa*$ ! ,gov]nm5t ) a def9ite s*eme4 ,h[ev]1 he fail$ to enli/ ! practical assi/ance ( f9anci]s1 & s ! !me rank$ z a p]5nial topic ( discussion until ! ratification ( a project support$ by ! ,gov]nm5t 9 #ahha4 ,x is d\btful 9 ! hi/ory ( ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica :e!r any project ( av[$ b5efit to ! community has exp]i5c$ su* vicissitudes z ! fir/ trans-,canadian railway4 ,x wreck$ m9i/ries1 br\ght ab\t ! political ext9ction ( m ?an "o promis+ memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 provok$ heat$ agitation1 & involv$ ! abortive exp5diture ( l>ge sums ( money4 ,! ,gov]nm5t1 h[ev]1 decid$ to help private initiative suffici5tly d>+ to attempt ! und]tak+ 9 a lib]al mann]4 ,9 ! fir/ place a subsidy ( #e1jjj1jjj1 or #be1jjj1jjj1 0 grant$ to aid con/ruction2 ! ,gov]nm5t und]took to build #gac miles ) its own res\rces1 & made a free gift ( #be1jjj1jjj acres ( l& fr++ its r\te4 ,at t "t ! l& 0 wor?less1 s its be/[al 0 n ( imm$iate value1 b to-day x repres5ts an asset ( incalculable value1 & gives ! company a %eet an*or ( trem5d\s /r5g?4 ,9 ! end ! ,gov]nm5t w5t v mu* f>!r4 ,x made a free gift ( ! l9e x _h con/ruct$1 :i* 0 wor? at ! v lea/1#g1jjj1jjj1 or #ce1jjj1jjj4 ,:ile con/ruction 0 9 progress !re 0 urg5t ne$ = fur!r money4 ,f9anci]s refus$ to provide funds1 & z a result ! ,gov]nm5t /epp$ 9 & advanc$ a loan ( #f1jjj1jjj--cj1jjj1jjj--:i* action 0 s bitt]ly criticis$ at ! "t t ! ,m9i/ry 0 urg$ to wipe (f ! debt once & = all by mak+ x a gift1 = all ! prospect !re 0 ( x ev] be+ repaid4 ,b ! loan 0 r$eem$1 p>tly by an issue ( /ock1 & p>tly by ! ,gov]nm5t buy+ back "s #g1jjj1jjj ( ! #be1jjj1jjj acres :i* x _h giv5 to ! company 9 ! fir/ place at #f %ill+s p] acre1 repres5t+ to all int5ts & purposes a fur!r gift ( "s1#b1jjj1jjj1 or #aj1jjj1jjj4 ,probably no railway und]tak+ has ev] be5 treat$ ) su* prodigal lib]ality 9 ! hi/ory ( ! iron horse2 b at ! "t x 0 w>rant$ fully1 be>+ 9 m9d ! magnitude ( ! s*eme & ! trem5d\s difficulties :i* confront$ ! company at e turn4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,gap10 ,,! ,,ea/]n ,,entrance ,,( ,,! ,,canadian ,,pacific ,,railway ,,to ,,! ,,rocky ,,m\nta9s ,:5 con/ruction comm5c$ 9 grim e>ne/ ! build]s f\nd t ! critics _h n err$ on ! side ( "u-e/imation 9 reg>d to ! "* ( ! difficulties to be ov]come4 ,! ?9 b& ( /eel 0 driv5 ?r\gh c\ntry ( :i* practically no?+ 0 kn[n2 :]e e succe$+ mile reveal$ some?+ unexpect$4 ,= in/ance1 9 foll[+ ! %ore ( ,lake ,sup]ior x 0 "o desp]ate grapple ) ,nature = e y>d4 ,m\nta9s dropp$ %e] into ! lake1 & _! humps 7 divid$ by /ret*es ( wick$ muskeg1 ! ,indian "n = swamp1 :]e 9 _m cases ! bottom defi$ be+ discov]$1 & :]e ?\s&s ( tons ( rock 7 swall[$ up )\t %[+ any gratify+ result4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:]e ,,! 8,,big ,,hill0 ,,0 ,,cut ,,out ,,on ,,! ,,canadian ,,pacific ,,railway1 ,,betwe5 ,,hector ,,& ,,field ,to secure easi] gradi5ts1 ov] #h miles ( new l9e 7 built4 ,! new track is %[n at left4 ,to-day x is possible1 f wid] k1 to criticise ! company ^u _! selection ( ?is r\te1 b at ! "t x 0 tak5 9 h& !re 0 no alt]native4 ,= a solid #ajj miles along ! %ores ( ,lake ,sup]ior ! "w assum$ a spectacul> aspect4 ,! high rocky cliffs ei!r _h to be tunnell$1 bla/$ "r out ( ! way1 or deep long cuts _h to be driv5 ?r\gh ! solid ob/ruction4 ,9 ^? days ! camps did n enjoy ! com=ts t are possible n[4 ,! food 0 ( ! co>se/ description--9 fact1 (t5 x 0 nause\s4 ,yet x 0 ! be/ t c\ld be secur$ "u ! circum/ances4 ,i met "o ( ! m5 :o _h help$ to drive ! grade along ! %ore ( ,lake ,sup]ior1 & he describ$ ! int]e/ & curiosity t 0 provok$ by ! arrival ( ! fir/ t9 ( cond5s$ milk4 ,to !m1 milk 0 a luxury inde$1 & !y z mu* anticipat$ its association ) _! tea or c(fee z !y w\ld h ent]ta9$ ! possibility ( receiv+ a glass ( *ampagne4 ,! t9 ( milk 0 produc$1 & :5 ! fir/ recipi5t _h read ! /ory ( ! label x 0 h&$ r\nd to e man 9 turn4 ,!y sc>cely c\ld conceive ! possibility ( be+ able to pres]ve su* a p]i%able product 9 a t91 & !y refra9$ f inve/igat+ ! cont5ts4 ,at la/1 "o ( ! m d>+ spirits took out 8 pond]\s pocket- or jack-knife & plung$ x into ! lid4 ,tipp+ ! vessel slightly1 he wat*$ ! cont5ts exude 9 a ?9 visc\s /ream on to 8 f+]4 ,hesitat+ly he ta/$ x1 & ! int5se satisfaction ) :i* he smack$ 8 lips %[$ t x 0 a ta/y article at all ev5ts1 al?\gh x might be rank poison = aught !y knew4 ,all 9 turn submitt$ ! commodity to ?is prelim9>y te/1 & !re 0 a unanim\s exclamation z to its palatable qualities4 ,v little ( t t9 ( cond5s$ milk 0 employ$ = its av[$ purpose3 ! majority ( ! m5 pref]r$ to enjoy x 9 its raw condition1 z x 0 some?+ entirely new to _! fronti] table4 ,z a result ! great] "p ( ! c(fee & tea 0 drunk t morn+ 9 its black /ate1 reliev$ ) sug> only1 z ! cont5ts ( ! t9 disappe>$ 9 a f> f or?odox mann]4 ,! resi/ance :i* ! rock (f]$ 0 he>t-r5d+4 ,! m51 by sup]human ef=t1 c\ld make _! way =w>d only a few feet p] day4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ! task swall[$ money z remorselessly z ! muskeg absorb$ dump$ rock4 ,results prov$ t ! con/ruction ( ! l9e along ?is %ore = ab\t #ajj miles 0 z exp5sive z ?read+ ! m\nta9s1 & 9 "o in/ance ! price m\nt$ to z high z #adj1jjj1 or #gjj1jjj1 p] mile1 r5d]+ x easily "o ( ! mo/ co/ly /ret*es ( road ev] con/ruct$4 ,b ?\gh ! fight (f]$ by ! rock 0 /]n1 t pres5t$ by ! muskeg 0 e :it z bad1 ?\gh x 0 ( a diff]5t "*4 ,! great dang] aga9/ :i* ! company _h to cont5d 0 ! creep+ ( ! rails4 ,! spongy nature ( ! soil ov] :i* ! track 0 laid caus$ a movem5t ( ! metals "u ! weight ( a pass+ tra94 ,x 0 j z if ! rails _h be5 laid on a mass ( resili5t india-rubb]4 ,! l9es w\ld move to "o side or ! o!r & (t5 wid5 out suffici5tly to p]mit a tra9 to drop betwe5 !m4 ,x 0 obs]v$ t z a tra9 pass$ ! ela/ic soil rose & fell 9 a s]ies ( little waves1 (t5 atta9+ a height ( six in*es1 :ile ! eng9e]s c\ld see ! rails mov+ "u ! pass+ ( ! tra94 ,x 0 q out ( ! "q to spike ! rails firmly to ! sleep]s1 s9ce ! movem5t 0 s great t ! metals w\ld h =c$ !mselves f _! f\ndation4 ,z x 01 ! gang]s _h to ov]haul ! /ret* ( track cross+ ! muskeg once e week4 ,! eng9e] /rove valiantly to ov]come ! ecc5tric movem5t ( ! rails1 & only succe$$ by d9t ( great ef=t 9 r5d]+ x p]fectly safe4 ,b 9 ?is "w he _h to use sleep]s measur+ #ab feet 9 l5g?1 in/ead ( ^? ( /&>d dim5sions ( #h feet4 ,!n tr\ble arose ) ! contractors 9 reg>d to ! co/ ( excavation4 ,naturally ! exp5diture "u ?is head+ v>i$ accord+ to ! "* ( ! mat]ial enc\nt]$1 = obvi\sly gravel1 clay1 & loam 7 f> easi] & *eap] to remove ?an rock1 & ?is latt] v>i$ 9 its workability accord+ to its geological =mation4 ,9 "o case ?is dispute became a bitt] bone ( cont5tion betwe5 ! company & ! contractors4 ,^u ! completion ( ! "w ! =m] came to ! conclusion t x _h be5 *>g$ an excessive sum = ! "w1 & ^u consid]ation ( ! returns ( ! e>? remov$ 7 conv9c$ t an errone\s return _h be5 made4 ,amicable adju/m5t ( ! diff]5ce prov+ fruitless1 rec\rse _h to be made to ! c\rts1 & ! au?orities ord]$ ! cutt+ to be re-measur$ s z to det]m9e ! quantity ( soil remov$4 ,9 "o in/ance ! contractors 7 =c$ to return a sum ( ab\t #fj1jjj1 or #cjj1jjj1 & _m o!r firms ( con/ructional eng9e]s _h to make repaym5ts4 ,x 0 n a "q ( fraud1 b purely mis9t]pretation ( ! "* ( ! soil h&l$2 yet x s]v$ to promote inh>moni\s work+ betwe5 ! company & its contractors4 ,on ! prairie1 con/ructional ef=t 0 n tax$ to a supreme degree except 9 reg>d to wat]4 ,?is 0 f\nd to be sc>ce 9 _m p>ts1 & is ev5 s to-day4 ,! c\ntry ?read$ is a cont9uation ( ! arid /ret*es ( ,nor? ,dakota & ,montana1 & :]e ! l& c only be br\ght to a /ate ( remun]ative productivity by rec\rse to irrigation4 ,sci5ce1 h[ev]1 has disc\nt$ ! defici5cy ( nature1 & to-day ?is dry belt is z g5]\sly suppli$ ) wat] z ^? m fav\r$ ) ample natural res\rces f>!r nor?1 ?\gh ( c\rse ! settl] is compell$ to pay 8 quota to ! exp5se ( irrigation 9 ! =m ( a high] price = ! l&4 ,x 0 :5 ! m\nta9s 7 met1 h[ev]1 t ! real tr\bles ( ! company comm5c$4 ,! battle aga9/ ! rocky bluffs r\nd ,lake ,sup]ior 0 z m]e *ild's play to :at 0 enc\nt]$ :5 ! m\nta9 b>ri] 0 ent]$4 ,! ,gov]nm5t _h survey$ a r\te ?r\gh ! m\nta9s1 & its *oice _h fall5 ^u ! ,yell[head ,pass1 ! l[e/ summit 9 ! range1 :i* is only #c1gbc feet above ! level ( ! ocean4 ,x 0 ! obvi\s portal ?r\gh ! m\nta9s to ! coa/1 b ! company decid$ to ?read ! *a9 f>!r to ! s\?4 ,?is decision ar\s$ consid]able criticism1 & ! ,gov]nm5t only rel5t$ by /ipulat+ t if ! ,rockies 7 p5etrat$ at any o!r po9t x %\ld be at lea/ #ajj miles nor? ( ! ,int]national ,b\nd>y4 ,:5 ! project 0 consummat$ x 0 /ipulat$ t grades %\ld n exce$ #a 9 #eb4h feet1 & ! ,yell[head fulfill$ ?is requirem5t /rictly to ! lett]4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,gov]nm5t's requirem5ts be+ fulfill$1 ! l9e 0 =c$ ?r\gh ! range by way ( ! ,kick+ ,horse ,pass1 a high road us$ by ! c\ri]s du bois = "s ye>s previ\sly4 ,b x prov$ a try+ piece ( "w4 ,! riv] is a boil+ /ream & difficult ( approa*4 ,! m\nta9s re> up on all sides1 & 9 ord] to =ce _! way =w>d ! eng9e]s _h to resort to h]culean ef=ts1 spann+ tumultu\s /reams & c>v+ n>r[ w9d+ l$ges on ! sides ( ! m\nta9s4 ,moreov]1 x is a heavy up-hill pull = mile aft] mile1 until at la/ ! summit is ga9$ at an altitude ( #e1cbi feet4 ,to ga9 ?is po9t ! l9e w9ds 9 a bewild]+ mann]1 b ! vi/as ( m\nta9 sc5]y t are unfold$ are difficult to p>allel out ( ,switz]l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[ ,,! ,,canadian ,,pacific ,,l9e ,,creeps ,,r\nd ,,t[]+ ,,precipices ,,along ,,! ,,fras] ,,riv] ,:5 ?is "p ( ! "w 0 tak5 9 h& ! orig9al arrangem5ts compris$ tunnell+ b5ea? a glaci] & ?r\gh ! hump ( ,m\nt ,/eph51 b z !re 0 l\d clam\r+ = ! completion ( ! l9e1 ?is und]tak+1 :i* w\ld h involv$ a great l5g? ( "t1 & :i* w\ld h prov$ exce$+ly co/ly1 0 ab&on$ = ! "t be+ 9 fav\r ( a 8tempor>y l9e40 ,t deviation1 h[ev]1 fulfill$ its tempor>y requirem5ts = a prolong$ p]iod--a matt] ( "s ?irty ye>s to be precise--& only rec5tly has be5 improv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,?read+ ,,! ,,fras] ,,riv] ,,canyon ,,! ,,eng9e]s ,,7 ,,compell$ ,,to ,,hug ,,! ,,wat]way1 ,,?\gh ,,x ,,involv$ ,,! ,,bor+ ,,( ,,num]\s ,,%ort ,,tunnels ,9 mak+ ! deviation s]i\s delays 7 exp]i5c$4 ,a rocky ob/acle /ood 9 ! way & tunnell+ 0 comm5c$1 b ?is "w _h to be ab&on$ ow+ to ! collapse ( ! burr[1 & a %>p curve & heavy bank introduc$4 ,! result 0 t x 0 f\nd impossible to comply ) ! ,gov]nm5t's requirem5ts conc]n+ ! maximum gradi5t1 because 9 ord] to desc5d f ,hector to ,field1 a di/ance ( ab\t #aj miles1 a diff]5ce ( #a1adc feet _h to be ov]come4 ,?is introduc$ a grade adv]se to ea/b\nd traffic ( #bcg feet to ! mile1 & x prov$ a heavy /umbl+-block aga9/ ! economical op]ation ( ! l9e = _m ye>s1 & "o :i* increas$ 9 sev]ity ) e succe$+ ye>4 ,yet ! conque/ ( ! ,rockies 0 a m>vell\s piece ( eng9e]+1 especially on ?ree miles ( ?is bank1 :i* 0 s /eep z to e>n ! "n ( ! 8,big ,hill10 = x rose #ab in*es 9 e #bb feet1 & 0 "o ( ! /iffe/ pieces ( road to be work$ by adhesion t ev] _h be5 laid d[n on a railway4 ,x 0 s /eep z to be dang]\s1 a fact te/ifi$ by ! numb] ( safety swit*es1 or 8cat* po9ts10 t 7 introduc$4 ,! man 9 *>ge ( "o ( ^! po9ts1 obs]v+ an eng9e com+ d[n-hill1 did n "k :e!r x _h run away or n until ! eng9e-driv] :i/l$ a signal :i* convey$ ! in=mation t he desir$ ! swit* to be set to ! ma9 l9e1 = normally x 0 left op5 & a runaway at t po9t w\ld h be5 turn$ into ! bank1 to end its mad c>e] 9 a wreck4 ,n[ & aga9 eng9es did run away1 & ! 8,big ,hill0 has witness$ _m excit+ escapes among ! eng9e-driv]s & tra9 gangs4 ,to grasp ! significance ( ?is eng9e 8pull10 "o requir$ to see ! 8,limit$0 /eam+ f ! ,pacific to ! ,atlantic4 ,x got to ! bottom ( ! hill1 & !re ?ree o!r eng9es 7 atta*$ to ! tra9 to pu% x up ! ev]-dropp+ metals = ov] ?ree miles1 :ile ! cl\ds ( smoke & live c9d]s bel*$ into ! air1 & ! t]rible ro> ( ! eng9es /ra9+ at ! load te/ifi$ to ! trem5d\s ef=t t 0 requir$ to get a spe$ ( five miles an h\r on ! tra94 ,x 0 ?is feature t l$ a humori/ to rem>k t ! ,canadian ,pacific railway nev] _h any occasion to balla/ ! track on ! 8,big ,hill40 ,! eng9es p]=m$ ?is op]ation spontane\sly & automatically 9 _! lab\r1 & to f> bett] effect ?an w\ld h be5 possible by ord9>y means4 ,consid]able excitem5t 0 exp]i5c$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,accord+ to "s ( ! m5 :om ,i met1 & :o _h be5 connect$ ) ! grad+ ?r\gh ! ,kick+ ,horse ,pass1 ! balla/ tra9s fail$ "t aft] "t to secure a grip on ! metals1 & ) _! driv+-:eels sp9n+ r\nd madly 9 ! =w>d direction !y skidd$ backw>ds d[n-hill4 ,n[ & aga9 !re w\ld be a na/y sma%1 9 :i* eng9e & ! balla/ c>s 7 mix$ up 9 an inextricable heap4 ,x is report$ ev5 t on "o occasion1 :ile ! sn[-pl\gh 0 out cle>+ ! drift on ! 8,hill10 ! driv] ( ! locomotive lo/ ! pl\gh1 & did n discov] ! fact until he _h ga9$ ! top1 al?\gh he 0 pu%+ ! sn[-cle>+ app>atus6 ,x 0 s difficult to keep ! :eel gripp+ ! rails t he did n notice ! diff]5ce 9 ! resi/ance :5 ! sn[-pl\gh w5t ov] "o side4 ,f ! ,gov]nm5t's /rict po9t ( view ! ,canadian ,pacific 0 n complet$ until ab\t two ye>s ago1 al?\gh tra9s h be5 runn+ betwe5 ! ,atlantic & ,pacific = "s ?irty ye>s4 ,! au?orities po9t$ out t ! grade 0 an ess5tial "p ( ! contract1 & yet1 9 ord] to pass ?r\gh ! ,kick+ ,horse ,pass1 ! company _h exce$$ t grade to a v consid]able ext5t4 ,consequ5tly eight miles ( l9e 0 non-exi/5t s f> z ! ,gov]nm5t 0 conc]n$1 & x decl9$ to contribute any subsidy to t %ort l5g? ( ! railway4 ,two ye>s ago compliance 0 made ) ! ,gov]nm5t's agreem5t4 ,! r\te ?r\gh ! ,kick+ ,horse ,pass 0 re-align$4 ,?is piece ( "w 0 c>ri$ out by ! late ,j4 ,e4 ,s*witz]1 & f its d>+ nature x w always /& z a monum5t to 8 eng9e]+ ability4 ,he cut out ! 8,big ,hill0 entirely4 ,:]e previ\sly a bank ris+ #a 9 #bb exi/$ = #d4a miles1 he provid$ a /ret* ( l9e d\ble ! l5g? & ( "o-half ! gradi5t1 s t ! eng9es only h to ov]come a climb ( #a 9 #de4 ,9 ord] to ease ! grade ! l9e sw+s f "o side ( ! n>r[ valley to ! o!r4 ,travell+ we/w>ds x disappe>s into ! flank ( ,ca!dral ,m\nta91 describ+ a curve 9 ! tunnel to em]ge into ! valley ab\t #dj feet bel[ ! po9t :]e x ent]s ! m\nta9 side4 ,x !n /rikes across ! valley to ent] ! slopes ( ,wapata ,m\nta91 :]e ano!r tunnel on a curve l a corkscrew l[]s ! level ( ! l9e = ano!r #dj feet4 ,once m x crosses ! valley1 ! me&]+s be+ s bewild]+ z to =m a p]fect maze4 ,x recalls ! wond]ful spiral tunnel-"w on ! ,/4 ,got?>d railway :]e a simil> difficulty _h to be ov]come1 &1 inde$1 ! conque/ ( ! ,kick+ ,horse ,pass 9 ?is mann] 0 bas$ evid5tly ^u ! great "w 9 ,switz]l&4 ,/ill1 x m>ks ! fir/ application ( ?is +5i\s solution ( a try+ problem to ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,to br+ ! ,kick+ ,horse ,pass section ( ! l9e )9 ! recognition ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 h[ev]1 entail$ ! exp5diture ( "s1#cjj1jjj1 or #a1ejj1jjj1 & f\nd employm5t = ab\t #ajjj m5 = tw5ty mon?s4 ,tra9-load aft] tra9-load ( dynamite 0 br\ght up 9 ord] to enable ! pa? to be hewn ?r\gh ! m\nta9 flanks1 & by ! "t ! task 0 complet$ ov] #a1ejj1jjj p\nds ( explosives _h be5 us$--some?+ l1#ej1jjj1 or #bej1jjj1 _h vani%$ lit]ally 9 smoke to te> d[n ! rock4 ,b ! outlay w be rec\p$ well4 ,:]e f\r eng9es 7 requir$ =m]ly two n[ suffice to h&le a #gjj-ton tra91 & !y c rattle ?r\gh ! ,pass at a /eady #be miles an h\r1 :]eas previ\sly a b>e six miles c\ld be not*$4 ,em]g+ f ! ,rockies ! eng9e]s 7 confront$ by ano!r t[]+ ob/acle--! ,selkirks4 ,?is range 0 to be dread$ m ?an ! b>ri] j left beh9d1 = !re 0 a trail ?r\gh ! ,rockies to guide ! eng9e]s1 :]eas ! ,selkirks _h nev] be5 ?read$4 ,! ,indians & ,hudson's ,bay voyageurs1 aft] em]g+ f ! ,rockies1 turn$ %>ply s\? to foll[ ! ,columbia ,riv]4 ,! fir/ task1 !re=e1 0 to discov] a rift ?r\gh ! ,selkirks ?r\gh :i* ! metals might be c>ri$4 ,x 0 %ort] to g ?r\gh ! m\nta9s ?an to g r\nd !m if any pass c\ld be f\nd to exi/4 ,major ,alb]t ,b4 ,rog]s1 an ,am]ican eng9e]1 accord+ly saddl$ 8 horse & ) a supply ( provisions set (f to se>* = a 8,pass40 ,he w&]$ up & d[n ! range )\t success = week aft] week1 & !n1 j z he 0 despair+ ( success1 8 eye alight$ on a n>r[ brea* betwe5 two s]ri$ l9es ( sn[-clad peaks4 ,he spurr$ =w>d1 trav]s+ t]ritory on :i* ! feet ( nei!r :ite nor r$ man _h be5 plant$1 climb+ & toil+ ardu\sly among ! crags1 until at la/ he ga9$ an altitude ( #d1cea feet1 f :i* ! opposite sides ( ! range slop$ d[n once m to ! ,columbia ,riv] ,valley4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/eel ,,ar* ,,bridge ,,across ,,/oney ,,creek ,,9 ,,! ,,selkirk ,,m\nta9s ,?is graceful /ructure replac$ a wood5 bridge support$ on timb] t[]s #bjj feet 9 height4 ,rog]s' ,pass1 z ?is defile ?r\gh ! ,selkirks 0 nam$ 9 hon\r ( ! discov]]1 0 foll[$4 ,x did n (f] any great difficulties f ! grad+ po9t ( view4 ,! greate/ enemy 0 sn[ & avalan*e4 ,! sn[fall among ^! m\nta9s is ! heavie/ along ! l9e1 :ile ! avalan*es are ( t]rible frequ5cy4 ,consequ5tly ! absorb+ "q 0 h[ to keep ! l9e intact aft] once x _h be5 laid4 ,x 0 impossible to avoid ! def9$ pa?s ( ! sn[ movem5ts entirely1 & 9 ^! cases huge %$s _h to be erect$ to c>ry ! avalan*e h>mlessly ov] ! track to exp5d its viol5ce 9 ! gul* bel[4 ,! ext5t ( sn[-%$d+ ?r\gh ! ,selkirks is amaz+1 & x has prov$ t]ribly co/ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,railway ,,trav]s+ ,,! ,,tumbl$ ,,?ompson ,,riv] ,,canyon ,:5 ! eng9e]s attack$ ?is c\ntry1 z ! lay+ ( ! track 0 ! p>am\nt requirem5t x 0 pu%$ =w>d ) all spe$ dur+ ! %ort summ]1 & p>ties ( m5 equipp$ ) meteorological in/rum5ts1 & vehicles = movem5t dur+ w9t]1 & supplies ( /ores1 7 left at diff]5t po9ts to /udy ! sn[ "q1 s z to collect data = ! situation ( ! sn[-%$s4 ,!re 0 no difficulty 9 det]m9+ ?is latt] po9t1 = ! avalan*es appe>$ to ra9 d[n ^u ! track f all sides4 ,! "q 0 n s mu* :]e to introduce ! %$s1 b :]e !y c\ld be omitt$4 ,x appe>$ z if ! l9e w\ld h to be c>ri$ almo/ cont9u\sly ?r\gh a wood5 tunnel to ensure its safety4 ,t ! sn[-fi5d is no mean enemy 0 br\ght home =cibly "s ?ree ye>s ago4 ,:ile a sn[1 tra9 0 climb+ up ! we/]n slope1 cle>+ away ! accumulat$ mass ( sn[ & debris deposit$ by a slide ^u ! track1 ano!r avalan*e swept d[n ^u ! little b& work+ s desp]ately to cut a pa? = ! mail4 ,ov] #ajj m5 7 on ! tra9 :5 ! t]ror ( ! m\nta9s /ruck !m & swept ! :ole into ! gul* bel[1 ! locomotives & pl\gh weigh+ ov] #ej tons be+ b[l$ ov] & ov] l an india-rubb] ball z !y 7 hurtl$ d[n ! /eep slopes4 ,ov] fifty lives 7 lo/ 9 t cata/rophe1 & x 0 b "o ( _m :i* h happ5$ s9ce ! ,selkirks 7 fir/ gridiron$ by ! railway4 ,b sn[-%$d+1 :ile secur+ ! safety ( ! l9e1 has its drawbacks4 ,if a /ructure is made too l5g?y x becomes fill$ ) suffocat+ smoke :i* obscures all signals1 & dead5s all s\nds4 ,9 summ] ano!r dang] exi/s4 ,! di/rict ?read$ is "o ravag$ heavily by =e/ fires1 & ! dang] f ?is enemy 0 only too vividly app>5t4 ,at ?is juncture ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,van ,horne came to ! rescue ( ! eng9e]s1 z he _h done on _m previ\s occasions1 to extricate !m f _! difficulty4 ,he sugge/$ t ! maximum l5g? ( a s+le %$ %\ld be #cjjj feet1 & :]e ! conditions dem&$ a long cont9u\s l5g? ( ?is protection1 t x %\ld be brok5 up into units ) wide1 cle> int]vals ( op5 l9e betwe54 ,to prev5t ^! 8breaks0 becom+ fill$ ) debris he resort$ to an +5i\s exp$i5t4 ,up on ! m\nta9 side he built :at is kn[n z a 8split f5ce40 ,?is is a triangul> erection1 ) ! apex po9t+ t[>ds ! m\nta9 top1 ( heavy massive con/ruction & fill$ & bank$ ) masonry4 ,! desc5d+ slide /rikes ?is ob/ruction1 becomes split 9 twa91 "o half is deflect$ s z to roll ov] ! ro( ( ! sn[-%$ on "o side1 & ! o!r half caus$ to glance (f 9 a simil> mann] on ! o!r side4 ,if "o ( ^! con/ructions did n secure ! desir$ end1 !n ano!r 0 plant$ above x high] up ! m\nta9 side4 ,! success ( ?is sy/em has be5 rem>kable1 & x has enabl$ ! company to r$uce ! l5g?s ( ! %$s v appreciably4 ,%ortly aft] ! l9e 0 op5$ ! protective h&iwork ( ! eng9e]s 0 subject$ to try+ te/s4 ,! w9t] ( #ahhf-g 0 "o ( excessive sev]ity ev5 = ! ,selkirks4 ,9 less ?an a week #h feet ( sn[ fell1 & ! blizz>d rag$ cont9u\sly = ?ree weeks4 ,slides 7 ( daily occurr5ce1 ! sil5ce ( ! m\nta9s be+ brok5 by ! cont9u\s ro> ( ! avalan*e4 ,! sn[fall on ! summits exce$$ #ce feet1 & ! :ite mantle 0 pil$ ^u ! ro(s ( ! %$s to a dep? ( #ej feet4 ,! slides 7 ( t]rific fury1 "s rattl+ d[n ! slopes ) su* =ce & spe$ z to reb\nd #cjj feet or s up ! opposite m\nta9 side4 ,?\s&s ( tons ( rock1 "s pieces z l>ge z a small villa1 7 caught up 9 _! frantic ru%es1 :ile tall1 ?ick trees 7 snapp$ (f l mat*es & toss$ ab\t l /raws4 ,yet ) "o exception ! %$s )/ood ! t]rible bomb>dm5ts to :i* !y 7 subject$4 ,! solit>y case _h ! ro( torn (f completely to be ?r[n well above ! track on ! m\nta9 side4 ,mud-slides 7 ano!r visitation :i* _h to be respect$1 = "t aft] "t a cutt+ _h to be cle>$ ( a visc\s mass :i* _h slipp$ into ! excavation4 ,^! movem5ts are produc$ by a k9d ( s&1 :i*1 :5 x becomes saturat$ ) wat]1 slips & slides 9 all directions 9 an amaz+ mann]1 c>ry+ ev]y?+ ) x4 ,9 w9t]1 :5 "u ! grip ( fro/1 ! soil looks p]fectly safe & /able1 b :5 ! wea!r breaks innum]able spr+s come to life1 & 9 a %ort "t ! :ole mass comm5ces to move l a lava /ream4 ,9 addition to resort+ to extreme protective measures aga9/ ! avalan*e :]e ^! c\ld n be avoid$1 "s magnific5t pieces ( bridge-"w 7 c>ri$ out at o!r po9ts to avoid !m4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance sev]al 7 erect$ 9 wood to save "t1 to be replac$ by p]man5t metal /ructures at a lat] date4 ,9 _m cases1 h[ev]1 iron1 & 9 o!rs masonry1 _h to be adopt$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,!re 0 "o gully :i* p]plex$ ! eng9e]s sorely4 ,x 0 j a cleft 9 ! p]p5dicul> m\nta9 cliff4 ,! eng9e]s call$ x ! 8,jaws ( ,dea?10 & ! "n 0 appropriate4 ,!y _h to cross ?is c\loir1 & a tempor>y timb] bridge 0 built by d9t ( trem5d\s ef=t4 ,! eng9e]s congratulat$ !mselves ^u _! success1 b _! gratification 0 %ort-liv$4 ,a con/ructional tra9 v5tur$ to cross & ! /ructure collaps$ "u its weight4 ,"h 0 a dilemma4 ,"w 0 br\ght to a /&/ill & !re 0 grave delib]ation4 ,mr4 ,van ,horne he>d ( ! accid5t1 & hurri$ to ! front4 ,he survey$ ! gully1 & !re & !n decid$ to ?r[ an ar*$ masonry bridge across ! brea*4 ,x 0 built1 & :at 0 m to ! po9t1 x /ood2 ! con/ructional gangs c\ld get =w>d4 ,at ,/oney ,creek !re 0 ano!r tr\ble ( a l nature4 ,! ,v-%ap$ rav9e 0 deep & wide1 & x 0 recognis$ t some?+ diff]5t f :at _h be5 done 9 bridge-build+ up to ?is po9t 0 imp]ative4 ,two wood5 t[]s 7 built on ei!r side to a height ( #bjj feet1 & ^! support$ a s+le span ( #agb feet ov] ! gul*1 :i* 0 c>ri$ out 9 wood also4 ,f end to end ! bridge measur$ #dij feet1 & = ye>s x rank$ z ! highe/ wood5 bridge on ! cont95t4 ,! timb] /ructure1 h[ev]1 has long s9ce made way = a noble ar*$ /eel bridge spr++ f ! rocky sides ( ! gul*1 & x con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ graceful bridges on ! :ole ( ! sy/em4 ,! desc5t f ! ,selkirk summit involv$ ! execution ( "s />tl+ pieces ( eng9e]+ to ga9 ! banks ( ! ,illecillewaet ,riv]4 ,! l9e makes its way d[n ! m\nta9 side 9 a s]ies ( /eps or t]races connect$ at ! ends by %>p loops1 d\bl+ & r$\bl+ on itself to ov]come a diff]5ce ( #fjj feet 9 altitude 9 ! mo/ extraord9>y mann]4 ,! tra9 is fir/ runn+ ea/w>ds1 disappe>s r\nd ! corn] & !n is mak+ its way 9 ! opposite direction a few feet bel[1 to r\nd ano!r curve & once m /eams ea/w>ds1 ?is alt]nate runn+ backw>ds & =w>ds cont9u+ until ! valley ( ! ,illecillewaet ,riv] is ga9$1 by :i* "t ! tra9 has travell$ ov] #f miles ( metals to make an actual advance ( only #b miles4 ,issu+ f ! ,selkirks1 ano!r b>ri]1 ! ,gold ,range1 _h to be trav]s$1 b ?is 0 a comp>atively easy matt]1 z ! ,eagle ,pass is a natural causeway among ! peaks = ! iron road1 al?\gh its discov]y tax$ ,walt] ,mob]ly to an extreme degree1 z is n>rat$ 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,9 ?is pass ! eng9e]s1 driv+ ! l9e f ! ea/1 met ! =ces advanc+ f ! we/4 ,!y %ook h&s at a po9t kn[n z ,craigella*ie1 :]e ! connection betwe5 ! two arms 0 made--:]e ! 8gold5 spike0 0 driv5 home--& ! ,pacific seabo>d 0 br\ght into t\* ) ! ,atlantic ?r\gh ,canadian t]ritory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cisco ,,cantilev] ,,bridge ,,c>ry+ ,,! ,,canadian ,,pacific ,,railway ,,across ,,! ,,fras] ,,riv] ,! bridge leads to a tunnel driv5 ?r\gh ! precipit\s wall ( ! canyon4 ,illu/ration3 ,hill1 photo ,see page #bdj ,,! ,,key ,,we/ 8,,limit$0 ,,pass+ ,,ov] ,,long ,,key ,,viaduct ,,at ,,full ,,spe$ ,! ,pacific end ( ! l9e 0 tak5 9 h& by ! ,gov]nm5t1 & x mu/ be conc$$ t !y _h mo/ difficult "w to accompli%1 = !y _h to =ce _! way ?r\gh ! ,fras] & ,?ompson ,riv] canyons1 produc+ ! heavie/ #cjj cont9u\s miles ( eng9e]+ on ! :ole l9e4 ,!y _h to fight = e in* ( ! way ?r\gh ^! rav9es1 z ! bottom is entirely occupi$ by ! wat]4 ,! l9e is laid on a gall]y c>v$ 9 ! cliff-face #bjj feet above ! wat]s boil+ b5ea?1 9 a succession ( cuts & tunnels1 ) "s f9e examples ( bridg+1 ( :i* ! cantilev] /ructure across ! ,fras] ,riv] ( #cjj feet span 0 ! second ( its "* to be built on ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,?is l9k co/ ab\t #b1jjj1jjj1 or #aj1jjj1jjj1 to build1 repres5t+ ab\t #af1jjj1 or #hj1jjj1 p] mile purely = ! =mation ( ! grade ready to receive ! metals4 ,consid]+ ! magnitude ( ?is und]tak+ & ! fact t ! railway ext5d$ ?r\gh extremely div]sifi$ c\ntry f level pla9 to tumbl$ l(ty m\nta9s1 con/ruction at ! rate ( "s five hundr$ miles p] annum 0 a magnific5t a*ievem5t4 ,= ! great] "p ( ! di/ance x trav]s$ c\ntry :]e ! :ite man 0 n 9 occupation1 & :]e sev]al ye>s 7 c]ta9 to pass be=e x yield$ any economic value capable ( produc+ traffic to ! railway4 ,! ent]prise 0 jeop>dis$ s]i\sly by ! f9ancial panic 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! ,nor!rn ,pacific railway crisis1 :i* mis=tunes did n augur well = ! success ( ano!r trans-cont95tal railway4 ,:5 x 0 f9i%$1 ! inquiry z to :y x _h be5 built ?r\gh an absolute wild]ness f end to end 0 rais$ on all sides4 ,! pres5t day supplies ! answ] to t criticism to a complete degree4 ,f ! day ( its completion ! ,dom9ion w5t =w>d ) a ru%1 & x _c be d5i$ t ! prov9ce ( ,briti% ,columbia play$ an important "p 9 ! developm5t ( ! c\ntry :5 x insi/$1 z a return = its entrance into ! f$]ation ( ! prov9ces1 t a railway %\ld be built across ! cont95t to l9k ! ea/ ) ! we/ )9 t5 ye>s4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,a ,,railway ,,ov] ,,! ,,sea ,! ,florida express 0 spe$+ s\?w>ds ov] ! railway :i* skirts ! coa/ ( ,florida = mile aft] mile4 ,among ! pass5g]s 0 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,flagl]1 "o ( ,am]ica's capta9s ( indu/ry & f9ance4 ,he 0 gaz+ out idly to sea4 ,on ! horizon 7 /reams ( vessels /eam+ nor?w>ds & s\?w>ds 9 two long flung-out l9es4 ,!y 7 units 9 ! great coa/al s]vice ( /eam%ips :i* ply incessantly up & d[n ?is long /ret* ( coa/ betwe5 ,new ,york1 ! ,we/ ,indies & ! ports dott$ along ! %ore l9e ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,at t "t ! isl& ( ,cuba 0 und]go+ a wond]ful *ange4 ,its va/ res\rces 7 be+ exploit$ by m5 ( initiative & en]gy f ! two sides ( ! ,atlantic1 & ! /eam%ip traffic betwe5 ! isl& & ! ma9l& 0 advanc+ by leaps & b\nds4 ,! f9anci] 0 cogitat+ deeply4 ,8 ?\ghts _h /ray$ to ! subject ( ?is developm5t1 & ! fre% impetus x w\ld receive :5 ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama 0 at la/ pi]c$ & vessels c\ld float ?r\gh ! neck ( ! cont95t f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific4 ,he 0 ! controll+ =ce ( ! railway ov] :i* he 0 !n travell+1 & he 0 weigh+ ! "q z to :e!r new s\rces ( rev5ue c\ld n be tapp$ = ?is sy/em4 ,! s\!rnmo/ po9t rea*$ by ! ,florida ,ea/ ,coa/ railway 0 ,miami1 & ?\gh x 0 a ris+ t[n1 he saw t its future 0 limit$1 because x =m$1 z x 71 a dead-end to ! l9e4 ,z a result ( 8 rum9ations he decid$ to make a bold bid = ! ,cuban trade--to deflect traffic f ! decks & holds ( ! pass+ /eam]s4 ,a hundr$ miles or s s\? ( ,miami 0 "o ( ! mo/ /rategical comm]cial ports ( ! c\ntry--! outpo/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--:]e m ?an #ej p] c5t4 ( ! vessels trad+ up & d[n ! coa/ make a call4 ,moreov]1 x 0 ! po9t ne>e/ to ! isl& ( ,cuba1 ,havana be+ sc>cely #fj miles away4 ,yet ,key ,we/ 0 completely isolat$2 !re 0 n a s+le /ret* ( /eel b9d+ x to ! intricate railway network ( ! c\ntry4 ,! magnate decid$ to =ge ?is miss+ l9k 9 ! railway *a92 to br+ ,key ,we/ into direct t\* ) ,new ,york1 ,*icago1 ,san ,francisco1 or any o!r t[n on ! cont95t4 ,f 8 po9t ( view he c\ld see no ob/acle to ! realisation ( su* a s*eme beyond ! capital co/ ( ! und]tak+4 ,:5 he return$ to ,new ,york he summon$ 8 surveyor1 to :om he unfold$ 8 idea1 & to seek 8 op9ion conc]n+ ! te*nical aspect ( ! proposition4 ,mr4 ,flagl]'s proposal 0 to c>ry ! l9e s\?w>ds f ,miami to ! extremity ( ! c\ntry ly+ at ! out]mo/ end ( a *a9 ( coral reefs1 & f t po9t to transport tra9s intact on ! deck ( l>ge f]ry-boats to ,havana1 :]e !y c\ld be pu%$ on to ! tracks ( ! ,cuban sy/em4 ,tran%ipm5t ( pass5g]s & ! break+ bulk ( freight betwe5 ! great c5tres ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! isl& w\ld be obviat$1 :ile ! "t t w\ld be sav$ on ! passage 0 consid]able1 &1 inde$1 suffici5tly attractive to tempt "o to emb>k ^u ! ent]prise4 ,! eng9e] admitt$ t ! s*eme 0 allur+1 b po9t$ out t = "s #cj miles s\? ( ,miami ! l9e w\ld h to be pu%$ ?r\gh "o ( ! wor/ /ret*es ( c\ntry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 8,! ,ev]glades01 em]g+ f :i* heavy bridg+ w\ld be requir$ to l9k ! *a9 ( isl&s toge!r4 ,h[ev]1 ! eng9e] 0 dispat*$ s\?w>ds ) a corps ( surveyors to inve/igate ! practicability ( ! s*eme on ! spot4 ,!y liv$ = mon?s 9 ! inhospitable bog beyond ,miami1 & /eam$ to & fro among ! islets ) _! transit & level1 plott+ out ! mo/ economical & easie/ r\te1 s\nd+ ! wat] dep?s ar\nd ! coral reefs to det]m9e ! ext5t & co/ ( bridg+1 & ! be/ means ( cross+ ^! brea*es 9 ! reef4 ,!n ! surveyor return$ to ,new ,york & s\ght ! railway magnate4 ,! eng9e] _h a complete roll ( draw+s & a mass ( calculations & figures4 ,he relat$ ! fruits ( 8 lab\rs1 po9t$ out ! r\te t he sugge/$ %\ld be foll[$1 & h9t$ t1 al?\gh ! railway c\ld be built1 ! co/ w\ld be trem5d\s--w\ld involve ! exp5diture ( millions4 ,! f9anci]1 h[ev]1 0 n p]turb$ 9 ! lea/ by ! co/4 ,! project receiv$ 8 sanction1 & a few days lat] ! eng9e] dep>t$ to comm5ce op]ations4 ,little "t 0 lo/ ^u ! ess5tial prep>ations1 & soon ! grade 0 =c+ its way out ( ,miami t[>ds ! mo/ s\!rly po9t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,news conc]n+ ! ent]prise1 :i* up to ?is po9t _h be5 nurs$ 9 secrecy1 n[ leak$ out4 ,! activity ar\nd ,miami po9t$ to some?+ unusual be+ "u contemplation4 ,:5 ! object ( ! ext5sion became kn[n ! f9ancial magnate became ! butt ( widespread ridicule4 ,8 ambiti\s project 0 *ri/5$ 8,flagl]'s ,folly01 "u :i* "n ! railway has s9ce be5 kn[n colloquially4 8,well1 !re is "o ?+ = :i* travell]s w bless me :5 !y travel by rail ov] ! ,keys10 ! mov+ _s humor\sly repli$ to 8 detractors3 8!y w nev] be tr\bl$ ) du/40 ,f ,miami s\?w>ds s f> z ! eye c rea* /ret*es a dismal tract ( swamp :]e miasma reigns supreme4 ,! ,ev]glades lie bel[ ! level ( ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 & ! latt] is only prev5t$ f grasp+ ! enorm\s wat]logg$ expanse )9 its rav5\s maw by a sl5d] wall ( rock :i* runs "r along ! coa/4 ,b ?\gh ?is b>ri] resi/s ! incursion ( ! ocean1 at ! same "t x prev5ts ! imprison$ wat] on ! o!r side f effect+ an escape4 ,! result is t /agnant wat]1 v>y+ f a few in*es to sev]al feet 9 dep?1 accord+ to ! season1 spreads ov] ! :ole ( ! depression4 ,x is a huge bog & no?+ m1 ) dank1 d5se vegetation gr[+ riot\sly 9 all directions1 =m+ an ideal home = ! alligator1 :i* "h is f\nd 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,"s #cj miles ( ?is un9vit+ m>% confront$ ! eng9e]s1 & until sci5tific ef=t discov]s "s means ( reclaim+ ! c\ntry fr++ ! railway f et]nal wat]1 x mu/ rema9 unproductive4 ,! eng9e]s f\nd ?is bog difficult to p5etrate4 ,dra9age 0 impossible1 & ! rais+ ( an embankm5t1 ) ! ord9>y type ( implem5ts at comm&1 0 out ( ! "q1 because x 0 impossible to secure a solid f\ndation = _! manipulation4 ,= a few miles s\? ( ,miami a rocky ridge ?ru/ its hump above ! level ( ! m>%1 & z its situation 0 conv5i5t x 0 foll[$ to ! utt]mo/ limit4 ,:5 ! build]s 7 compell$ to plunge boldly into ! m>% !y 7 beset ) difficulties innum]able4 ,mr4 ,flagl] _h realis$ f ! outset1 aft] m$itat+ ^u ! plans & reports ( ! surveyors1 t ! only practicable means ( see+ 8 s*eme c>ri$ to fruition 0 by means ( direct lab\r "u 8 own eng9e]s1 in/ead ( by contract4 ,consequ5tly1 he secur$ ! s]vices ( ! mo/ capable eng9e]s available1 :ile lab\r 0 recruit$ f all sides4 ,=tunately1 no difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 ?is direction1 because ! (f] ( good wages1 ) ev]y?+ f\nd1 0 consid]$ by ! workm5 to be an equitable comp5sation = ! risk ( mal>ia4 ,! eng9e]-9-*ief1 ! late ,j4 ,o4 ,m]$i?1 :o di$ 9 h>ness amid ! sc5e ( 8 lab\rs1 resort$ to highly +5i\s me?ods to ov]come ! fev]-ridd5 swamp4 ,n only did ! conditions dem& t a heavy1 solid e>!n embankm5t %\ld be built1 ) its level well above ! highe/ wat]m>k1 b t ! ridge ( e>? %\ld be prev5t$ f spread+ at ! base "u ! sup]impos$ weight ( a heavy tra91 & f ! insidi\s attacks ( soak+ wat]4 ,ow+ to ! abs5ce ( rock & gravel 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity1 x appe>$ z if ! eng9e] w\ld h to haul tra9loads ( mat]ial = ?is purpose f long di/ances1 & at great exp5se1 to be dump$ into ! un/able mass4 ,b he decid$ o!rwise4 ,he conceiv$ a f> m rapid1 simple & inexp5sive means ( build+ ! embankm5t4 ,two l>ge1 squ>e1 %all[-draught dr$g]s 7 built1 ) l>ge grabs ris+ & fall+ f ! upp] end ( a project+ diagonal wood5 gird] or jib4 ,^! 7 t[$ to a po9t kn[n z ,l&'s ,end4 ,"h1 on ei!r side ( ! /rip ( l& =m+ ! "r-(-way = ! iron horse1 & :]eon ! embankm5t 0 to be rais$1 an excavation 0 made4 ,ea* cut 0 #cj in*es deep & j wide en\gh to float ! vessel com=tably4 ,! grabs 7 !n br\ght into play1 & ) ea* sw+ !y )drew a huge m\?ful ( ! wat]logg$ soil1 swung x r\nd1 & eject$ x ^u ! grade4 ,! grabs 7 heavy & p[]ful2 _! tee? crun*$ ?r\gh roots & decay$ vegetable matt] rel5tlessly4 ,x w be se5 t1 z a result1 ea* dr$g] dug a canal = itself z x advanc$ on ei!r side ( ! grade1 =m+ two p>allel pa?s1 ) a belt ( dry l& betwe54 ,n[ & aga9 _! advance 0 disput$4 ,j bel[ ! wat] lurk$ a l>ge rock :i* defi$ removal by ! t]rible tee?1 & yet project$ too ne> ! surface to enable ! dr$g] to float ov]4 ,!n ! eng9e] gave ano!r demon/ration ( 8 +5uity4 ,in/ead ( wa/+ "t 9 bla/+ away ! rock1 he ?rew a tempor>y dam across ! dit* beh9d ! dr$g]1 =m+ a k9d ( lock4 ,wat] 0 pump$ f ! fell[ dit* to raise ! level ( ! wat] a suffici5t degree to enable ! dr$g] to float ov] ! ob/ruction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,,! ,,grade4 ,,! ,,dr$g] ,,cutt+ ,,its ,,own ,,pa? ,,& ,,dump+ ,,remov$ ,,spoil ,,9 ,,c5tre ,,to ,,=m ,,! ,,embankm5t ,,= ,,! ,,track ,illu/ration3 ,photos1 ,hill ,,! ,,embankm5t ,,complet$1 ,,) ,,! ,,canals ,,dug ,,by ,,! ,,dr$g]s ,,on ,,ei!r ,,side ,! only difficulty exp]i5c$ 9 ?is mann] ( h&l+ ! m>% 0 t ! m>l torn out by ! grabs & deposit$ ^u ! "r-(-way 0 s saturat$ aft] its imm]sion = c5turies t x dri$ v sl[ly1 & delays 7 frequ5t & heavy 9 consequ5ce4 ,"o lay] ( ! dump _h to be left expos$ = a consid]able "t be=e ! next c\ld be add$4 ,b ! me?od ( build+ ! embankm5t prov$ s em95tly successful & effici5t1 t a new move 0 made to meet ! necessity = all[+ ! excavat$ soil "t to dry4 ,f\r additional dr$g]s 7 built1 two = ea* canal1 & ^! 7 set to "w at int]vals "o beh9d ! o!r4 ,! =emo/ dr$g] laid ! f\ndations ( ! embankm5t1 ! second rais$ x a fur!r height "s days lat]1 & aft] ano!r int]val ( "t1 ! ?ird dr$g] contribut$ its quota to ! con/ructional "w4 ,9 ?is way ! task 0 exp$it$ v mat]ially4 ,9 "s places ! bog 0 f\nd to be cov]$ ) mangrove trees1 ! roots ( :i* spread l a ?ick net ?r\gh ! soil4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t ! grabs tore up a l>ge proportion ( roots associat$ ) ! soil1 & ! =m] _h to be us$ = embank+ purposes1 z x c\ld n be sep>at$ f ! inorganic matt]4 ,b ?is fibr\s sub/ance dri$ v quickly1 & 0 s highly combu/ible t x _h to be cov]$ ) a ?ick lay] ( brok5 /one to protect x f fire1 & also to ensure solidity by pack+ tightly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[ ,,! ,,embankm5t ,,0 ,,built ,,on ,,! ,,keys ,! dr$g$ mat]ial 0 pump$ ?r\gh ! pipe l9e to fall betwe5 wood5 f5ces to =m ! grade4 ,illu/ration3 ,photos1 ,hill ,,h[ ,,! ,,re9=c$ ,,concrete ,,ar*es ,,7 ,,built ,,)9 ,,wood5 ,,m\lds ,,build+ ,,! 8,,ov]-,,sea0 ,,railway ,! complet$ track has a some:at novel appe>ance4 ,!re is ! ridge ( e>?1 flank$ on ei!r side by a broad dit*1 cut by ! dr$g]s & runn+ z equidi/antly f "o ano!r z if drawn ) a p>allel rul]4 ,^! side canals1 h[ev]1 s]ve to dra9 ! p]man5t way to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,:5 ! railway-build]s made _! way ?r\gh ?is inhospitable region !y did n meet a ve/ige ( civilisation = ov] #cj miles4 ,!n !y came across pa!tic evid5ces ( attempts at reclamation "h & !re 9 ! =m ( tumbl+ homes & isolat$ p>ties ( half-/>v$ negroes1 va9ly endeav\r+ to extract "s sort ( subsi/5ce f ! bog4 ,b x is :5 ! railway em]ges f ! ,ev]glades t ! mo/ wond]ful "p ( ! und]tak+ is se54 ,a *a9 ( "s #cj v]dant isl&s1 compos$ ( coral lime/one1 /ret*es out 9 a graceful curve = ab\t #aji miles1 to disappe> f9ally into ! dep?s ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico at ,key ,we/4 ,^! reefs are sep>at$ by *annels ( op5 sea1 ( v>y+ wid?s4 ,^! int]ruptions to ! cont9uity ( dry l& are spann$ by massive ar*$ viaducts wr\ght 9 masonry4 ,:]e ! l9e trav]ses ! isl&s !mselves ! p]man5t way ei!r is c>ri$ on embankm5ts or ?r\gh deep cuts4 ,! exp5sive bridg+ has be5 r$uc$ to ! m9imum1 h[ev]1 = 9 "s cases :]e ! wat] is %all[ ! isl&s are l9k$ toge!r by a massive solid e>!n embankm5t4 ,?is section ( ! railway may be said to be amphibi\s 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w4 ,9 fact1 at "o po9t ! pass5g] 9 ! tra9 is c>ri$ beyond ! sight ( l&4 ,! eng9e] _h to build 8 /ructure suffici5tly /rong & solid z to combat ! =ces ( w9d & wave1 & at a level beyond ! rea* ( ! spray4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t ! railway runs ?r\gh a t]ritory :]e tropical /orms ( t]rific fury prevail1 & :]e cyclones are cont9ually wreak+ widespread damage1 "s idea ( ! "* ( ! "w requisite to )/& ! buffet+s ( ^! abnormal visitations may be ga!r$4 ,^! climatic disadvantages 7 br\ght =cibly be=e ! mov+ _s 9 ! ent]prise at ! "t ( its conception1 & accord+ly he dem&$ t ! bridge-"w %\ld be built z /rongly z eng9e]+ sci5ce c\ld make x4 ,no exp5se 0 to be sp>$1 = ! f9anci] 0 det]m9$ t no appreh5sions z to safety %\ld be p]mitt$ to lurk 9 ! m9d ( ! timid travell]4 ,! eng9e] took him at 8 ^w4 ,! dep? ( wat] 9 :i* ! viaducts are built ranges f #aj to #ae feet & m1 :ile ! rails are laid #ca feet above l[ wat]4 ,at "s places ! *annel is wide en\gh to float a l>ge /eam%ip4 ,! viaducts h be5 c>ri$ out 9 f]ro-concrete1 :]e9 ! masonry is /r5g!n$ by means ( iron rods1 freely int]sect+1 :i* s]ve to b9d ! :ole mass into a solid1 homog5e\s :ole1 s t ! viaduct f end to end becomes practically a s+le1 monoli?ic /ructure4 ,to enable ! subaque\s portions ( ! pi]s to be built1 c(f]-dams 7 erect$ ar\nd ! sites1 ! space )9 be+ empti$ & kept cle> ( wat] by means ( p[]ful pumps4 ,by ?is means ! workm5 7 enabl$ to c>ry out _! task ( secur+ ! fabric to ! solid rock on ! dry coral sea-b$4 ,:]e ! wat] ran up to a dep? ( #cj feet1 & ! situation 0 expos$ to ! full fury ( gales & ( ! ,atlantic1 caissons 7 sunk = ! purpose ( con/ruct+ ! pi]s to above wat]-level1 ! m5 work+ 9 compress$ air4 ,! mat]ial = con/ructional purposes 0 prep>$ on l>ge1 well-equipp$ float+ plants an*or$ ne> by4 ,! timb] m\lds to =m ! %ape ( ! ar*es 7 fa%ion$ & bolt$ toge!r on dry l&1 & t[$ out to sea by tugs to ! po9t ( erection & !re set 9 position4 ,"s ( ^! s]ies ( ar*es on ! amphibi\s section ( ! railway are only a few hundr$ feet 9 l5g?2 o!rs measure z _m ?\s&s ( feet f end to end4 ,= in/ance1 betwe5 ,long & ,grassy ,keys--! isl&s are kn[n z 8keys0--! ov]-sea viaduct is #b miles f end to end4 ,! viaduct "w 0 conf9$ to ! deepe/ p>ts ( ea* *annel1 be+ approa*$ f ei!r end ov] a sub/antial e>!n embankm5t4 ,"s idea ( h[ ?is exp$i5t sav$ ! co/ly task ( bridge-build+ may be obta9$ f ! fact t :]eas ! di/ance by ! l9e betwe5 ,grassy & ,long ,keys is #bi1edd feet--#e4f miles--! approa* embankm5ts aggregate #ai1ajj feet ( ?is total1 ! long1 symmetrical l9e ( ar*es totall+ #aj1ddd feet4 ,9 ! case ( ! gap betwe5 two o!r keys ! wat] is clos$ by an embankm5t #ba1hjj feet 9 l5g?4 ,9 ano!r in/ance ! e>!n /ructure /ret*es = #aa1iej feet to connect ,upp] & ,l[] ,matecumbe1 b inasmu* z ?is *annel is us$ by vessels1 ! navigable *annel is spann$ by a drawbridge #abj feet 9 l5g? to p]mit vessels to pass betwe5 ! ,atlantic & ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,9 ! fir/ #gh miles ( track runn+ out to sea f ! ma9l& no less ?an #ad miles repres5t bridge-"w1 ! rema9+ #fd miles be+ c>ri$ out on embankm5ts across ! isl&s & %all[ /raits1 or by timb] tre/l+4 ,on ! isl&s1 grad+ 0 n accompani$ by any great difficulties4 ,! ,keys are = ! mo/ "p some:at l[-ly+1 & a c]ta9 am\nt ( excavation & fill+ 0 requir$4 ,! latt] "w 0 exp$it$ by build+ a crude tre/le d[n ! c5tre ( ! "r-(-way1 on :i* 0 laid a l>ge pipe communicat+ ) dr$g]s1 & ?r\gh ?is conduit 0 pump$ s&1 mud & gravel 9 a cont9u\s /ream to =m ! grade to ! requir$ height1 ! slopes on ei!r side aft]w>ds be+ flank$ ) a ?ick lay] ( l>ge /ones4 ,direct lab\r 0 employ$ on ?is section ( ! und]tak+ also1 & = ! mo/ "p ! ord9>y :eelb>r[1 pick & %ovel supplem5t$ ! ef=ts ( ! dr$g] & pipe l9e4 ,z ! ,keys are ( corall9e lime/one1 an excell5t mat]ial = balla/+ ! l9e 0 readily available4 ,:5 a po9t kn[n z ,bahia ,honda 0 ga9$1 ! eng9e]-9-*ief resort$ to m exp$iti\s practice4 ,t5 huge me*anical excavators1 ea* capable ( do+ e day ! "w ( f #ej to #ajj m51 7 br\ght into action4 ,!y dev\r$ ! spoil to ?r[ up ! embankm5t at su* a spe$ t "o c\ld see ! grade's daily gr[?4 ,x 0 a t$i\s op]ation to get ^! excavators to ! sc5e ( action1 because !y _h to dig _! own way ?r\gh ! soil to ! "r-(-way1 a task :i* occupi$ f "o to f\r mon?s1 accord+ to ! situation ( _! respective /ations4 ,"o ( ! grave/ difficulties 9 connection ) ! :ole und]tak+ 0 t exp]i5c$ 9 provision+ ! #cjjj or #djjj m5 scatt]$ at v>i\s po9ts1 fev]i%ly toil+ to fulfil ! realisation ( ! f9anci]'s dream1 toge!r ) ! requisite mat]ial4 ,e drop ( wat]1 ei!r = human requirem5ts or ma*9]y1 _h to be transport$ 9 huge tanks f a di/ance ( #ajj miles4 ,! eng9e]-9-*ief pluckily attempt$ to cut d[n ?is haulage di/ance "o-half by e/abli%+ a wat] /ation at a creek #ej miles ne>] ! front4 ,b he reckon$ )\t ,nature3 ,!y _h j got ! plant go+ :5 a w9d sprang up & prev5t$ ! boats1 specially acquir$ to transport ! wat] f ! /ation to ! ne>e/ po9t on ! railway1 f approa*+ )9 a mile or s ( ! %ore4 ,hurri$ arrangem5ts _h to be made to draw tempor>y supplies f ,miami once m4 ,a week or two lat] ! w9d ve]$ r\nd & blew j z furi\sly 9 ! opposite direction1 ) ! same result4 ,?is exp]i5ce suffic$ to prove t no reliance c\ld be plac$ ^u ! new wat] /ation1 s x 0 ab&on$4 ,simil>ly1 all ! brok5 rock = ! concrete _h to be br\ght f ! qu>ries at ,miami1 & ) ! cem5t 0 /ack$ 9 huge heaps at ,knight's ,key1 :i* con/itut$ ! supply depot4 ,! scatt]$ situations ( "s ( ! con/ructional gangs tax$ ! ef=ts ( ! commiss>iat to a /ra9+-po9t4 ,9 _m cases ! supply boats1 9 ord] to get to _! de/9ation1 only p]haps a mile di/ant z ! bird flies1 _h to foll[ a circuit\s r\te ( eight or t5 miles to get !re4 ,:5 x 0 se5 t ,mr4 ,flagl] 0 s]i\s 9 8 int5tions1 & t ! fir/ /ret* ( viaduct 0 complet$ successfully1 x 0 ma9ta9$ t 8,flagl]'s ,folly10 ?\gh a wond] ( eng9e]+1 nev] c\ld hope to pay its way4 ,"t alone c prove or disprove ?is cont5tion1 b x is wor? :ile to obs]ve t1 z ea* section ( ! l9e has be5 complet$1 /r5u\s ef=ts to develop ! c\ntry p5etrat$ !reby h be5 made4 ,! ,florida ,ea/ ,coa/ railway s]ves an ess5tially pleasure c\ntry--! ,rivi]a ( ,am]ica4 ,yet1 z ! l9e plung$ s\?w>ds1 hotels sprang up at v>i\s sylvan spots1 & !y rapidly assum$ positions ( importance4 ,! only b>r5 /ret* is ! ,ev]glades4 ,! comm]cial conque/ ( ?is useless expanse mu/ come lat] inevitably1 & inde$ en]getic measures to ?is end are 9 active progress4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,! ,,l& ,,( ,,rem>kable ,,railway ,,bridges ,9 ord] to describe fully ! complete conque/ :i* ! iron horse has accompli%$ 9 ,briti% ,india1 volumes w\ld be requir$4 ,9 t c\ntry ! /eel highway has be5 driv5 =w>d 9 ! face ( prodigi\s difficulties ( e description2 ! /ory is an excit+ romance4 ,b ! features :i* impress ! travell] mo/ /rongly are ! bridges4 ,"s compel m ?an pass+ int]e/ because ( _! great l5g?1 su* z ! ,sone bridge1 on ! ,ea/ ,indian railway1 :i* consi/s ( #ic spans1 giv+ ! /ructure a total l5g? ( #aj1ieb feet1 mak+ x "o ( ! longe/ bridges 9 ! _w2 or ! ,godav>i ov] ! riv] ( ! same "n on ! ,madras ,nor?-,ea/ l9e1 #i1jff feet 9 l5g?2 o!rs because ( _! height1 z1 = in/ance1 ! ,gokteik ,viaduct 9 ,burma1 #cbe feet high2 or ! ,dhorabhave ,viaduct1 #agh feet above ! /ream2 :ile "h & !re att5tion is *all5g$ because ( ! massive proportions ( ! /ructure or its unusual design1 z1 = in/ance1 ! ,jubilee ,bridge across ! riv] ,hooghly at ,naihati1 or ! ,lansd[ne ,bridge across ! ,indus at ,sukkur1 ! ma9 span ( :i* is #gij feet cle>4 ,x may be safe to ass]t t no c\ntry has (f]$ ! bridge-build] su* /rik+ opportunities to display 8 ability or ent]prise z ! ,indian ,empire4 ,! ,am]icans po9t to ! great wid? ( _! wat]ways1 & ! huge /ructures :i* leap across ! ,mississippi1 ,miss\ri or ,columbia riv]s1 b1 comp>$ beside ! erections :i* c>ry ! railway across ! ,indian wat]ways1 !y appe> puny4 ,! ,indian riv]s are fam\s = _! great wid?1 & ! ext5t to :i* !y break up ! c\ntry ?r\gh :i* !y make _! tortu\s ways to ! sea4 ,! result is t :5 ! eng9e] is call$ ^u to cross f bank to bank1 especially 9 connection ) ! m important wat]ways1 he is fac$ ) "s teas+ & complex problems1 to solve :i* dem&s (t5 consid]able +5uity & ! exp5diture ( mu* rack+ cogitation4 ,^! riv]s are bad fri5ds to ! eng9e] at ! be/ ( times1 b :5 la%$ into fury & swell$ to flood !y almo/ defy ma/]y4 ,! flood is ! bugbe> ( ! bridge-build]4 ,"o nev] kn[s :at ! enrag$ wat] is go+ to d next4 ,sir ,brad=d ,leslie1 ,k4,c4,i4,e41 ,m4,,in/4,c4,e41 :o probably has be5 associat$ ) m great eng9e]+ a*ievem5ts ( ?is "* 9 ,india ?an any o!r liv+ eng9e]1 c recall ?rill+ mom5ts innum]able4 ,= in/ance1 :5 he 0 c>ry+ ! ,jubilee ,bridge across ! riv] ,hooghly1 ! wat] c>ri$ away "o ( ! caissons :i* he 0 ab\t to laun* = "o ( ! pi]s4 ,he ?\ght x _h be5 la%$ safely into position by means ( *a9s1 prep>atory to s9k+1 b ! ,hooghly 8bore0 quickly undeceiv$ him4 ,! ,hooghly bore is an ugly cu/om]1 = at times x atta9s a height ( #g feet1 & travels up-/ream = #gj miles 9 f\r h\rs4 ,?is rapidly-mov+ bank ( liquid /ruck ! unlucky caisson1 al?\gh ! latt] 0 ( respectable dim5sions & weight1 snapp$ ! moor+ *a9s z if !y 7 pack-?read1 & c>ri$ ! cyl9d] away z if x 7 a small butt]-tub4 ,! eng9e] _h a lively *ase up-/ream aft] 8 "w1 & f9ally secur$ x /r&$ 9 an awkw>d position ab\t half-a-mile above its site4 ,imm$iately arrangem5ts 7 hurri$ =w>d to salvage ! caisson4 ,aft] a day & a half's cont9u\s h>d toil x 0 recov]$ & an*or$ alongside ! bank until ! next propiti\s mom5t arriv$ = x to be t[$ out into ! /ream & sunk into position4 ,9 ! e>ly days ! eng9e]s 9 _! bridge-build+ op]ations suff]$ ! maximum wid? ( a riv] to dictate :at ! l5g? ( su* a /ructure %\ld be4 ,see+ t ! normal *annels ( _m ( ^! wat]ways are n>r[ 9 comp>ison ) :at !y atta9 "u flood1 ?is r5d]$ bridge-"w exce$+ly exp5sive & intricate4 ,x is no uncommon circum/ance = a wat]way1 :5 swoll5 by ! ra9s ( ! wet season1 to spread out = a wid? ( ?ree miles or m4 ,x becomes practically insatiable1 ! s(t e>? =m+ ! banks fall+ a ready victim to ! p[]ful erod+ action ( ! scurry+ wat]4 ,! result is worse ?an t br\ght ab\t by ! sc\r+ ( ! ,riv] ,mississippi1 :i* dev\rs huge masses ( l& cont9ually on ei!r bank4 ,:5 ! ,indian riv] falls1 unsightly /ret*es ( undulat+ s&banks are reveal$1 riv5 by little back *annels & small lagoons1 :i* pres5t a g5]al aspect ( desolation4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 bridg+ f bank to bank is a some:at vague und]tak+1 = ! simple reason t x is difficult to decide :at are ! limits ( ! wat]way1 because erosion cont9ues until ! wat] rea*es mat]ial :i* defies ?is action4 ,! eng9e] has met ?is situation n[ 9 an +5i\s mann]4 ,he det]m9es ! *annel ( ! riv] & keeps x )9 b\nds by means ( an artificial wall or tra9+-bund1 :i* is c>ri$ p>allel ) ! navigable *annel1 ! fl[ ( wat] ?r\gh ! space betwe5 ! inn] side ( ! wall & ! %ore be+ ob/ruct$ by a solid embankm5t :i* c>ries ! track4 ,?is sy/em 0 employ$ fir/ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,bell to c>ry ! ,nor?-,we/]n ,/ate railway across ! ,*5ab ,riv] at ,%] ,%ah1 & prov$ s em95tly successful t x has come into g5]al fav\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tra9+-,,bund ,,or ,,wall ,,to ,,n>r[ ,,! ,,ganges ,,by #cjjj ,,feet ,,= ,,! ,,curzon ,,bridge1 ,,%[+ ,,railway ,,approa* ,"o ( ! late/ & mo/ int]e/+1 z well z l>ge/ und]tak+s ( ?is class1 is t 9 connection ) ! ,curzon railway bridge ov] ! ,ganges at ,allahabad1 = ! ,allahabad-,fyz]bad railway4 ,at ?is po9t ! riv] fl[s betwe5 high banks ( h>d clay ab\t #c miles ap>t1 & s resi/ant is ?is e>? to sc\r+ action t erosion has be5 br\ght to cessation practically4 ,! wid? ( ! wat]way1 h[ev]1 is ab\t #a miles1 & :5 x 0 decid$ to span ! riv]1 a great l5g? ( /eel appe>$ inevitable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,erect+ ,,! ,,pi]s ,,= ,,! ,,curzon ,,bridge ,! tra9+-bund is to be se5 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! eng9e]-9-*ief = ! "w1 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,r4 ,gales1 ,m4,,in/4,c4,e41 h[ev]1 decid$ to cut d[n ! l5g? ( ! bridge-"w to #cjjj feet4 ,! project 0 exam9$ at great l5g?1 ow+ to ! fact t ! diff]5ce 9 ! level ( ! riv] dur+ ! dry & flood seasons is n less ?an #ca feet1 z ! ,ganges receives ! wat]s ( ! ,jumna ab\t #g miles above ! site select$ = ! cross+4 ,c>eful inve/igations1 h[ev]1 po9t$ to ! fact t ! accumulat$ wat]s c\ld be direct$ safely ?r\gh a *annel "s #cjjj feet wide1 & accord+ly ! erection ( ! tra9+-bund 0 tak5 9 h& on ! left bank4 ,x measures "s #djjj feet 9 l5g? f end to end1 & ! top is #e feet above ! flood-level ( ! riv]4 ,! up-/ream arm measures #c1cjj feet 9 l5g?1 & ! extremity ends 9 a %>p curve to mitigate ! effects ( sc\r+4 ,view$ f ! bank1 ! "w resembles a huge lett] 8,l10 ) ! bottom arm po9t+ up-/ream1 & ! tail ov]hang+ = ab\t #gjj feet1 :ile ! upright memb] =ms ! embankm5t connect+ ! tra9+-wall to ! %ore1 & leads ! railway track to ! bridge4 ,! tra9+-wall is built up ( s&y soil1 ) /one pit*$ on ! face expos$ to ! action ( ! riv]4 ,at ! top x is ab\t #bj feet 9 wid?1 & c>ries a wide-gauge railway track f end to end1 s t %\ld ! floods te> a gap 9 ! embankm5t1 ! injury c be repair$ imm$iately by dump+ spoil into ! brea* f railway wagons4 ,erection _h to be hurri$ =w>d1 z ! season available = op]ations 0 s %ort4 ,9 view ( ! fact t ! erection ( ! wall entail$ ! h&l+ ( "s #ej1jjj1jjj cubic y>ds ( e>?1 "s idea ( ! magnitude ( ! task may be ga!r$4 ,x 0 split up into a numb] ( contracts1 & :5 ! op]ations 7 9 full sw+ no less ?an #gjjj coolies f\nd employm5t4 ,:ile ?is "w 0 9 progress ! bridge itself 0 pu%$ =w>d4 ,! l5g? ( metal is #cjjj feet1 divid$ into #ae spans1 ea* ( #bjj feet1 c>ri$ ^u masonry pi]s4 ,! bridge 0 call$ ^u to meet requirem5ts n only = railway traffic b = p$e/rians & vehicles z well4 ,a s+le l9e ( #e feet #f in*es gauge suffices = ! =m]1 :i* is c>ri$ ^u ! bottom deck1 :ile ! upp] deck meets ! second requisition1 be+ #bc feet wide & ab\t #fj feet above ! level ( ! wat]way :5 9 flood4 ,! und]tak+ 0 pu%$ =w>d ) su* en]gy t x 0 complet$ 9 ?ree seasons4 ,! sav+ 9 outlay result+ f con/rict+ ! riv] *annel1 & !reby r$uc+ ! l5g? ( /eel-"w1 repres5t$ no less ?an #ajj1jjj1 or #ejj1jjj4 ,?is (f]s a conv9c+ illu/ration z to ! +5i\s mann] 9 :i* ! bridge eng9e] 9 ,india has succe$$ 9 r$uc+ ! co/s ( spann+ ! noble wat]ways ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 a f>-away corn] ( ! same c\ntry1 ,upp] ,burma1 may be se5 ano!r int]e/+ example ( ! bridge-build]'s craft1 c>ri$ out "u p>ticul>ly exact+ conditions 9 a =bidd+ c\ntry4 ,?is is ! ,gokteik ,viaduct1 :i* c>ries ! metre-gauge s+le track ( ! ,burma ,railway ,company across ! gorge ( ! same "n4 ,?is /ructure 0 complet$ by ! ,p5nsylvania ,/eel ,company1 ( ,/eelton1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ! aw>d ( ! contract 0 criticis$ sev]ely 9 ,great ,brita94 ,b ! ,gov]nm5t want$ ! valley spann$ 9 ! %orte/ possible space ( "t & at a mod]ate price4 ,:5 ! t5d]s invit$ f all p>ts ( ! _w 7 op5$1 x 0 f\nd t ! ,briti% firms _h be5 outclass$ by _! ,am]ican rivals 9 bo? ^! ess5tial factors4 ,! location ( ! railway across ?is gorge 0 beset ) peculi> difficulties4 ,! "q ( ! approa* 0 try+ to decide to ! be/ advantage1 & 9 fact s _m surveys 7 made t "o ( ! ,am]ican eng9e]s rem>k$ 8t he c\ld n see ! side ( ! cliff = survey pegs40 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tra9+-,,bund ,,"u ,,con/ruction ,,by ,,native ,,lab\r4 ,,at ,,! ,,extreme ,,"r ,a ,,pi] ,,is ,,be+ ,,built ,,= ,,! ,,bridge ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,pi]-,,build+ ,,op]ations ,,= ,,! ,,curzon ,,bridge ,,across ,,! ,,ganges ,,at ,,allahabad ,! bridge is #cjjj feet long4 ,tempor>y l9e at "r4 ,! gorge itself is also some:at /range2 9 fact1 x is a curi\s wond] ( ,nature4 ,! ,*ungz\ne ,riv] fl[s ?r\gh ! rift1 b out ( sight1 its c\rse be+ ?r\gh a natural tunnel1 into :i* x disappe>s sudd5ly at a dep? ( #ejj feet4 ,:5 ! l9e 0 fir/ survey$ x 0 9 accordance ) a l[ viaduct1 ! approa* !reto be+ ov] a sugge/$ section ( rack railway work+ on ! ,abt sy/em1 ) grades ( #a 9 #ab4 ,?is 0 subsequ5tly ab&on$1 & ! surveyor 0 call$ ^u to f9d a fre% location s z to elim9ate ! rack railway1 & to give grades n exce$+ #a 9 #be1 s z to p]mit ! l9e to be work$ by adhesion4 ,?is decision rais$ ! height ( ! t[]s by #gj feet & increas$ its l5g? to #a1cej feet4 ,ev5 ?is did n meet ) approval1 = aft] prolong$ delib]ation a ?ird location 0 dem&$1 to give an easi] l9e yet4 ,9 ?is la/ survey ! gradi5ts 7 flatt5$ to #a 9 #dj1 ) an att5dant increase 9 ! height ( ! /ructure z well z ( its l5g?4 ,x 0 f\nd impossible to improve ^u ! viaduct itself1 s fur!r surveys 7 c>ri$ out to improve ! approa*es1 r$uc+ _! l5g? & introduc+ curves at ei!r end ( ! viaduct4 ,at la/ f9ality 0 rea*$1 & ! contract 0 secur$ by ! ,am]ican bridge-build]s on ,april #bh1 #ahii4 ,!y lo/ no "t 9 hurry+ =w>d ! prep>ation ( ! /eel4 ,?ree mon?s lat] a special tra9 ( #de c>s1 lad5 ) #igg tons1 left ,/eelton on ! #bja-miles run to ,new ,york1 :]e a specially *>t]$ /eam] 0 9 wait+ to receive ?is /eel c>go4 ,! vessel left ! ,am]ican port on a j\rney ( ov] #aj1jjj miles to ,rangoon1 :]e ! freight 0 transf]r$ to ! small trucks ( ! railway & s5t on ! up-c\ntry j\rney ( #dfj miles to ! ,gokteik gorge4 ,no less ?an ?ree /eam]s 7 requir$ to transport ! #d1cjh tons ( /eel1 toge!r ) "s #bjj tons ( requisite tackle = erection1 & #ce ,am]ican bridge-erectors4 ,:5 ! ,am]icans arriv$ on ! sc5e !y 7 treat$ to _! fir/ exp]i5ce ( ,indian wea!r4 ,! ra9 fell 9 torr5ts2 ! roads 7 conv]t$ into ru%+ /reams1 & ! l[-ly+ /ret*es ( l& into lakes4 ,?is 0 some?+ new to ! ,am]icans1 & !y *af$ at be+ compell$ to sit d[n to wait until ! wea!r mod]at$4 ,to make matt]s worse1 ! l9e 0 knock$ ab\t sev]ely by ! ra91 no less ?an ?irte5 wa%-outs occurr+ betwe5 ! coa/ & ! gorge4 ,9 "o place a locomotive got caught4 ,x c\ld n advance & c\ld n retreat1 ow+ to brea*es 9 ! railway on ei!r side1 s quietly settl$ d[n to re/ 9 ! wat]logg$ embankm5t1 & f9ally slipp$ into a field ( rice1 to ! int5se disgu/ ( ! own]4 ,! result 0 t ! port became conge/$ ) ! /eel & tackle await+ dispat* up-c\ntry4 ,! railway company repair$ ! wa%-outs ) all possible spe$1 & directly ! l9e 0 op5$ ! mat]ial p\r$ t[>ds ,gokteik 9 a ceaseless /ream4 ,9 fact1 ! ,am]ican eng9e]s 7 some:at p]plex$ by ! spe$ ) :i* ! mat]ial 0 s5t up1 & !y _h a spirit$ task 9 sort+ out ! pieces ( /eel z !y arriv$4 ,! "w proce$$ s fev]i%ly t ! empty tra9s c\ld n be back$ out ( ! %unt+-y>d ) suffici5t alacrity to admit incom+ loads4 ,! bridge-build]s ext5d$ assi/ance 9 a novel mann]4 ,%unt+ 0 ab&on$4 ,! l>ge /eam d]ricks pick$ up ! empty c>s bodily (f ! "o track1 :ipp$ !m r\nd1 & deposit$ !m ^u a sid+1 f :i* ! eng9es pull$ !m out z be/ !y c\ld4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by p]mission ( ,p5nsylvania ,/eel ,co4 ,,! ,,gokteik ,,viaduct ,,"u ,,con/ruction ,! railway track is #hbe feet above ! level ( ! ,*ungz\ne ,riv]1 :i* fl[s ?r\gh a tunnel b5ea? ! bridge4 ,! railway company provid$ ! build]s ) a special railway d[n ! side ( ! cliff1 z ! approa* 0 n complet$4 ,?is 0 a huge swit*-back1 :]e ! tra9s ran f side to side1 fir/ =w>ds & !n backw>ds4 ,! desc5t ( ! precipice 9 ?is mann] treat$ ! bridge-build]s to an excit+ ride1 :i* some:at unn]v$ !m at fir/1 z x 0 f> & away too ?rill+ to be pleasant4 ,a cableway 0 also /ret*$ across ! gul*1 & ?is 0 us$ = transport+ mat]ial f po9t to po9t4 ,9 fact1 two locomotives 7 dismantl$ & s5t across ?is rope 9 pieces to be re-erect$ on ! opposite side4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by p]mission ( ,p5nsylvania ,/eel ,co4 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,gokteik ,,viaduct ,!re are eighte5 /eel t[]s--! highe/ br+s ! rails #cbe feet above ! floor ( ! gorge--support+ #b1bfj feet ( bridg+4 ,:5 ! bridge-build]s arriv$ !y f\nd t ,mr4 ,g4 ,deu*>s1 ! eng9e]-9-*ief to ! railway1 _h complet$ ! :ole ( ! prep>ations4 ,! concrete p$e/als = ! /eel t[]s /ret*$ across ! floor ( ! ridge 9 two unbrok5 l9es ov] ! top ( ! natural bridge ?r\gh :i* ! ,*ungz\ne ,riv] makes its subt]ranean way4 ,all t ! bridge-build]s _h to d 0 to set ! /eel4 ,! viaduct 0 built ^u ! ov]hang+ pr9ciple1 9 accordance ) ! ,am]ican practice1 by means ( a travell]4 ,?is 0 a cumb]some piece ( app>atus weigh+ #ajj tons1 ) a long arm :i* rea*$ out ov] ! gorge f t[] to t[]4 ,to ! native ?is appliance 0 a s\rce ( inf9ite wond]4 ,:5 x 0 pu%$ out to its fulle/ ext5t1 & ! long arm appe>$ c]ta9 to lose its balance & to topple into ! rav9e1 !y look$ on ) awe2 & :5 ! ,am]icans flew 9 ! face ( ,provid5ce1 z !y ?\ght1 by v5tur+ to ! out]mo/ po9t to c>ry out _! "w1 !y %udd]$4 ,9 fact1 !y nev] became accu/om$ to t travell]4 ,:y x did n capsize exce$$ _! compreh5sion4 ,! ,am]ican workm5 7 assi/$ 9 _! op]ations by #cej natives br\ght f o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & :o 7 accu/om$ some:at to bridge-build+4 ,once "w 0 br\ght into sw+1 x w5t =w>d ) a ru%1 ! /eel t[]s spr++ up f _! p$e/als to a height ( #bjj feet or s )9 two or ?ree days4 ,! m5 toil$ #i h\rs e day1 & !re 0 n a halt except :5 ! monsoon blew & x 0 well-nigh impossible to secure a foo?old 9 expos$ positions1 or :5 ! torr5tial ra9fall prevail$4 ,! :ite m5 f\nd ! heat p>ticul>ly try+ & exhau/+4 ,^? p]*$ #bjj or #cjj feet 9 ! air1 & fully expos$ to ! sun & a temp]ature ( #abj degrees1 secur$ a little welcome %ade "u an awn+ t 0 /ret*$ ov] ! app>atus4 ,!y wore ! lighte/ ( clo?+1 :ile :ite pi? helmets s]v$ to (f] "s protection f sun/roke4 ,! total l5g? ( ! "w is #b1bfj feet1 & x is built up to #aj spans1 ea* measur+ #abj feet1 & #g spans ( #fj feet apiece4 ,! gird]s =m+ ! deck are support$ on /eel t[]s spac$ #dj feet ap>t4 ,! height ( ! rails at ! highe/ pi] is #cbe feet above ! floor ( ! gorge1 & #hbe feet above ! ,*ungz\ne /ream4 ,no less ?an #bcb1hfh sep>ate pieces ( /eel _h to be h&l$ on ! site1 & ! natives _h to drive #bjj1jjj rivets to secure ! fabric toge!r4 ,ow+ to ! remote po9t at :i* "w 0 be+ c>ri$ out--#aj1jjj miles by sea f home--an elaborate cable code 0 drawn up1 ea* integral "p ( ! viaduct1 z well z details ( ! erect+ plant1 hav+ a di/9ctive ^w4 ,9 addition1 !re 7 special words = ! purpose ( report+ ! progress ( ! erection to headqu>t]s4 ,e week ! *ief eng9e] cabl$ home a full progress report at a co/ ( #es41 or #a4be1 p] ^w4 ,! m5 7 provid$ ) a well-equipp$ m$ic9e *e/1 & a complete photographic outfit con/itut$ an important "p ( ! organisation1 photographs be+ dispat*$ to ,/eelton regul>ly to supplem5t ! cabl$ & writt5 report on ! progress ( ! und]tak+4 ,only "o man 0 lo/ 9 ! ent]prise1 & ?is 0 attributable to fev] produc$ f indulg5ce 9 alcoholic liquor4 ,no o!r fatality 0 record$ ei!r among ! natives or ,am]icans1 & no s]i\s accid5t m>r$ ! "w1 :i*1 be>+ 9 m9d its magnitude & "*1 0 highly satisfactory4 ,! actual erection occupi$ n9e mon?s1 "w be+ cont9u$ un9t]rupt$ly ?r\gh ! wet season1 :51 =tunately1 ! great] "p ( ! annual #aej to #bjj in*es ( ra9 fell dur+ ! night4 ,al?\gh ! viaduct is #bd feet wide across ! top1 :i* is suffici5t to c>ry a d\ble track1 only "o road is laid at pres5t4 ,! bridge also enables p$e/rians to cross f "o side ( ! *asm to ! o!r1 refuge plat=ms be+ provid$ at frequ5t int]vals to enable ^? afoot to escape be+ run d[n by pass+ tra9s4 ,^u completion1 ! /ructure 0 subject$ to sev]e te/s spread ov] a p]iod ( two mon?s1 & ^! prov+ satisfactory1 ! /ructure 0 accept$ by ! railway au?orities4 ,! mammo? /eel travell] weigh+ #ajj tons1 & :i* _h play$ su* an important "p 9 ! rapid erection ( ! viaduct1 0 demoli%$ & sold = scrap4 ,by ! provision ( ?is viaduct at ! select$ height ! track is l$ to a natural l$ge on ! opposite cliff-face4 ,:ile ! viaduct 0 "u con/ruction ! railhead 0 pu%$ =w>d1 ! mat]ial = ! grade be+ transport$ across ! valley by ! ov]head cable4 ,by ! "t tra9s 7 able to cross ! /ructure1 ! end ( /eel _h rea*$ a po9t "s #ce miles beyond4 ,al?\gh ! viaduct is n s l(ty z o!r /ructures ( its class 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 yet x occupies a position ( di/9ct importance4 ,moreov]1 x con/itutes "o ( ! f9e/ expressions ( ?is class ( ,am]ican "w t has ev] be5 fulfill$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,:]e ,,! ,,sn[-,,pl\gh ,,works ,,9 ,,summ] ,! ,sc&9avian p59sula has be5 ! battle-gr\nd ( _m titanic /ruggles on behalf ( ! railway4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! iron horse has =c$ its way to ! mo/ nor!rly po9t 9 ! _w :]e ! %riek ( a locomotive :i/le may be he>d4 ,?is is ,(ot51 a port on ! ,atlantic seabo>d ( ,norway1 beyond ! #fh? p>allel1 & well into ! ,arctic circle1 :]e ! fam\s iron m9es ( ,gelliv>e 9 ,sw$5 f9d a we/]n po9t = %ipp+ ! ore4 ,x 0 9 ,sw$5 t /eel 0 press$ into s]vice = ! fir/ "t 9 connection ) ! erection ( bridges by ! late ,major ,c4 ,adelskld1 ,r4,e41 & ,memb] ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces4 ,?is 0 s f> back z #ahff1 & ! d>+ eng9e] design$1 sup]9t5d$ ! prep>ation ( ! metal1 & also ! erection ( ! bridge4 ,! claim ( be+ ! fir/ /eel bridge has be5 advanc$ on behalf ( o!r /ructures 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w1 b ! records are aga9/ all su* /atem5ts1 = !y 7 anticipat$ by a decade at lea/ 9 a conv9c+1 practical mann]4 ,major ,adelskld's bridge is highly int]e/+1 n only f ! hi/orical po9t ( view1 b because ( its unusual design1 & ! me?ods adopt$ 9 its erection4 ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,madam ,gu/afva ,adelskld1 ,i am enabl$ to give ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ( its evolution & con/ruction4 ,! bridge 0 design$ to c>ry ! ,uddevalla-,w5]sborg-,h]ljunga railway across ! ,huvudnas ,falls1 j above ! ,trllhtt5 ,falls4 ,at ?is po9t ! ,gta ,riv] =ces its way ?r\gh a gorge #acg feet wide1 j above a fall ov] a l(ty l$ge ( rock4 ,! dep? & velocity ( ! wat] prev5t$ any int]m$iate pi] be+ erect$ 9 ! wat]way1 s 9 ord] to span ! gap x 0 necess>y to lift ! gird]s bodily to set !m into position4 ,to enable ?is end to be a*iev$ x 0 imp]ative t ! ma9 gird]s %\ld be z light z possible4 ,an iron gird]1 :i* 0 ! metal 9 exclusive vogue at t "t = ?is "w1 #aec feet 9 l5g? by #ab in*es wide1 ( ! requisite /r5g?1 w\ld h weigh$ ov] #gjj tons1 & to h h&l$ su* a weight w\ld h dem&$ exp5sive & elaborate erect+ tackle4 ,major ,adelskld consequ5tly reject$ iron z ! /ructural mat]ial 9 fav\r ( light /eel gird]s4 ,once ^! 7 set he anticipat$ no fur!r h9drance to complet+ ! /ructure z a 8susp5sion bridge40 ,up to ?is "t /eel gird]s nev] _h be5 employ$ 9 su* "w1 & ! eng9e]1 :5 he reveal$ 8 int5tions1 0 urg$ by exp]ts & fell[-craftsm5 n to use 8su* a brittle & untru/wor?y mat]ial0 = s long a span4 ,major ,adelskld1 h[ev]1 0 conv9c$ ( ! s\ndness ( 8 proposal1 & consequ5tly cont9u$ 8 ef=ts 9 ! face ( spirit$ opposition4 ,! bridge 0 built at ,b]gsund1 & ! dim5sions 7 calculat$ = a /ra9 ( #h tons p] squ>e in*1 ?\gh ! metal 0 te/$ to twice t /ress be=e be+ set 9 position4 ,! total weight 0 only #ej tons4 ,f ! eng9e]+ po9t ( view ! design is consid]$ some:at novel1 = x be>s no resemblance to ! g5]al conception ( a susp5sion bridge4 ,x is an inv]t$ /ructure ( ?is class4 ,! upp] memb]s act m]ely z /ruts to keep ap>t ! ends ( ! *a9s bel[1 :i* really c>ry ! load ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! triangul> memb]s4 ,! me?od by :i* ! /ructure 0 erect$ 0 q z int]e/+ z ! design ( ! bridge itself4 ,! gird]s 7 br\ght to ! we/]n bank ( ! riv]4 ,to sw+ !m into position a d]rick 0 rigg$ up on ei!r bank s z to ov]hang ! wat]4 ,! out] ends ( ^! ma/s1 :i* measur$ #fj feet 9 l5g?1 7 fitt$ ) heavy pulleys1 ov] :i* ropes 7 pass$ & c>ri$ f cap/ans in/all$ = haul+ purposes4 ,! pulley ropes on ! ea/]n bank 7 pull$ across ! wat]way & secur$ to "o end ( ! gird]1 :ile ! we/]n bank pulley ropes 7 secur$ to ! o!r end ( ! /eel memb]1 :i* measur$ #aec feet 9 l5g?4 ,9 ?is way ! gird] 0 lift$1 swung ov] ! wat]1 & l[]$ into position4 ,! ev5t 0 reg>d$ z s unusual t cr[ds ( p f ,go!nburg & ,trllhtt5 assembl$ on ! banks to witness ! sett+ ( ! /eel on ,febru>y #h1 #ahff4 ,ow+ to ! ro> ( ! wat]s1 ! eng9e] c\ld n make 8 voice he>d1 s ord]s 7 communicat$ across ! riv] 9 ,morse code by h&-signall+4 ,! fir/ gird] 0 lift$ & set 9 position 9 ?irty m9utes1 :ile ! second 0 h&l$ 9 half t "t4 ,once ! gird]s 7 set x 0 an easy matt] to complete ! rema9d] ( ! /ructure4 ,x may be int]e/+ to relate t ! total co/ ( sett+ ! ma9 gird]s1 toge!r ) ! hire ( ! tackle borr[$ f a ,go!nburg %ipbuild+-y>d1 & includ+ ! wages ( ! m5 assi/+ 9 ! task1 0 only #be1 or #abe4 ,at t "t ,major ,adelskld's feat 0 reg>d$ z an audaci\s /roke ( eng9e]+1 b to-day /eel is ! exclusive mat]ial employ$ 9 ! erection ( bridges4 ,railway-build+ 9 ^! tw9 c\ntries has be5 att5d$ always ) grave difficulties1 ow+ to ! rugg$ nature ( ! c\ntry & ! extreme h>dness ( ! rock4 ,:5 ! sea is left1 & ! int]ior plateau is ga9$1 ! full brunt ( ! ,arctic wea!r is exp]i5c$1 & x is ( a "* to det] ! mo/ intrepid eng9e]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ mom5t\s ent]prises t has be5 c>ri$ to fulfilm5t 9 ?is nor!rn c\ntry is ! trans-,norwegian railway1 :]eby ,*ri/iania is br\ght into direct communication ) ! ,atlantic seabo>d at ,b]g54 ,ow+ to ! prodigi\s difficulties involv$1 h[ev]1 x occupi$ "s ?irty ye>s to c>ry ! s*eme ?r\gh1 al?\gh ! l9e is only #cjf miles 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tra9 ,,em]g+ ,,f ,,re9unga ,,tunnel1 #e1bag ,,feet ,,long1 ,,9 ,,di/ance1 ,,%[+ ,,sn[scoop-,,pl\gh ,,on ,,locomotive ,,:]e ,,! ,,sn[pl\gh ,,works ,,9 ,,summ] ,illu/ration3 ,,myrdal ,,/ation1 ,,%[+ ,,entrance ,,to ,,gravehals ,,tunnel1 #ag1dbj ,,feet ,,9 ,,l5g? ,illu/ration3 ,,myrdal ,,/ation ,,9 ,,w9t]1 ,,%[+ ,,dep? ,,( ,,sn[fall ,,! ,,b]g5 ,,railway ,9 #ahgj1 comm]cial int]e/s petition$ = ! e/abli%m5t ( a %ort] r\te betwe5 ! ea/ coa/ & ! ,norwegian capital4 ,surveyors1 !re=e1 7 deput$ to inve/igate ! int]ior & to asc]ta9 ! practicability ( build+ su* a railway4 ,aft] inf9ite lab\r ! eng9e]s report$ fav\rably ^u ! project1 b po9t$ out t ! "w w\ld be unprec$5t$ly ardu\s1 & w\ld be highly exp5sive4 ,= five ye>s ! s*eme lay dormant1 b 9 #ahge ! ,gov]nm5t decid$ to comm5ce ! ent]prise1 ) a section ( l9e #fg miles long1 connect+ ! seabo>d at ,b]g5 ) ,vossevang54 ,9 def]5ce to views prevail+ at ! "t1 h[ev]1 ! n>r[- or metre-gauge 0 adopt$1 & 9 #ahhc x 0 op5$ = traffic4 ,al?\gh no fur!r headway 0 made ) ! cont9uation ( ! ma9 s*eme1 x 0 n ab&on$ by any means4 ,a m\nta9 b>ri]1 ! ,dovrejelf range1 b>r$ ! way to ! int]ior4 ,its p5etration 0 recognis$ z "o dem&+ great skill1 = ! peaks are precipit\s1 ) sides dropp+ into valleys s n>r[ z to be m]e defiles on ! sea side ( ! *a94 ,ap>t f ^! physical h&icaps1 h[ev]1 ! ra9- & sn[-falls ^u ! highe/ levels 7 f\nd to be trem5d\s1 & x 0 ess5tial t elaborate exam9ation %\ld be made conc]n+ ^! adv]se influ5ces be=e ! location 0 decid$ def9itely4 ,a cauti\s policy 0 practis$4 ,no attempt to proce$ beyond ,vossevang5 0 made until ! m\nta9 wall _h be5 se>*$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,no less ?an twelve alt]native r\tes 7 prep>$ & submitt$ to ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,^! demon/rat$ ! conclusive fact t no r\te c\ld (f] avoidance ( ! sn[ & ra94 ,! "q 0 to foll[ a location1 if possible1 :]e ^! drawbacks 7 emphasis$ to ! lea/ degree4 ,= ?is purpose sev]al meteorological /ations 7 e/abli%$ among ! m\nta9s & on ! plateau to ga!r exhau/ive data by daily obs]vations4 ,! outcome 0 ! production ( "s decid$ly />tl+ facts1 ev5 to ^? :o 7 conv9c$ ( ! extremely inclem5t conditions prevail+ inl&4 ,! obs]v]s _h be5 in/ruct$ to record p>ticul>ly ! maximum fall ( sn[ dur+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ! dep? ( ! sn[ among ! m\nta9s dur+ ! w9t]1 & ! effect ( ! w9ds :i* swept ! plateau m]cilessly dur+ ! latt] season4 ,x 0 f\nd t sn[ fell e mon? dur+ ! ye> at ,fjeldb]g1 ev5 ,june1 ,july & ,augu/ n be+ free f su* visitations1 :ile at ano!r po9t ! sn[fall 9 w9t] aggregat$ no less ?an #aa feet4 ,at no po9t along ! project$ location ( ! l9e 0 a dep? ( less ?an #h feet record$1 :ile ! g5]al av]age 0 f #aj feet to #ad feet4 ,! w9ds 7 f\nd to drive ! dry1 fleecy flakes be=e !m l du/1 to pile up huge drifts 9 %elt]$ places1 runn+ up to #afa feet deep4 ,"s ( ^! drifts rema9$ ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 & 7 f\nd to be ( respectable proportions4 ,! sum ( ^! reports presag$ ! fact t1 :5 ! l9e 0 complet$1 ! "q ( ma9ta9+ x free f sn[-blocks w\ld dem& sup]human ef=t4 ,at la/ ! ,gov]nm5t decid$ to proce$ ) ! und]tak+4 ,! advantages & disadvantages ( ! v>i\s locations _h be5 weigh$ dilig5tly1 & promot$ ! decision to adopt ! ,gravehals r\te4 ,! au?orities reg>d$ ?is location ) misgiv+ 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 because x involv$ ! pi]c+ ( a tunnel #ag1dbj feet 9 l5g?1 at an elevation ( #b1hah feet4 ,funds 7 vot$ to build ! next section f ,vossevang5 to ,taugev&1 a di/ance ( #dg miles4 ,9 ?is di/ance ! l9e 0 to be lift$ a matt] ( #djjj feet to ! highe/ po9t to be atta9$ betwe5 ! ,atlantic seabo>d & ,*ri/iania4 ,! r\te select$ compris$ ! bor+ ( no less ?an #ab tunnels1 mak+ 9 ! aggregate n less ?an #aa miles1 ( :i* ! ,gravehals tunnel repres5t$ ov] #c miles4 ,:ile ?is difficult section 0 be+ prosecut$1 ! ,gov]nm5t resolv$ to come to a def9ite conclusion z to ! r\te ! railway %\ld foll[ aft] atta9+ ! summit at ,taugev&1 s z to enable op]ations to be cont9u$ )\t delay :5 ! latt] po9t 0 rea*$4 ,! expos$ position ( ! ,gravehals tunnel r5d]$ ! "w exhau/+ to ! m54 ,z ! timb] l9e is ab\t #bjjj feet bel[1 ! m\nta9-sides are q b>e1 & !re is no protection aga9/ ! elem5ts :atev]4 ,! "w is ! longe/ ( its k9d 9 ,nor!rn ,europe1 & has prov$ probably "o ( ! mo/ exact+ to con/ruct4 ,x ext5ds ?r\gh granite :i* 0 f\nd to be exce$+ly t\gh1 s t bor+ 0 unavoidably sl[1 especially at times :5 ev]y?+ appe>$ to be pitt$ aga9/ ! contractors4 ,! firm :o accept$ ! contract und]took to complete ! "w = #aeh1djj1 or #gib1jjj1 :i* 0 consid]$ to be a v l[ price4 ,x 0 attack$ f bo? ends1 & me*anical bor+ 0 adopt$4 ,conv5i5t wat] p[] 0 h>ness$ to drive ! ,br&t rock drills1 :i* work$ "u a pressure ( "s #a1bjj p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,bor+ proce$$ some:at sl[ly1 m s1 9 fact1 ?an ! contractors _h anticipat$2 b ?is 0 due to ! extreme h>dness ( ! rock enc\nt]$1 :ile ! "w 0 h&icapp$ by delays :i* ! contractors c\ld n h controll$4 ,9 ! fir/ place lab\r prov$ sc>ce & exp5sive4 ,! m5 work+ on ! coa/1 al?\gh exp]i5c$ 9 drill+ & bla/+ rock1 c\ld n be p]suad$ to proce$ up-c\ntry to practise _! skill4 ,! situation 0 too remote1 & ! elem5ts 7 too bitt]1 & see+ t ext5sive railway con/ruction 0 proce$+ at ! same "t 9 o!r & m cong5ial p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 !re 0 no cog5t reason :y ! m5 %\ld hie to an inhospitable locality = "w4 ,! tunnel-bor]s1 h[ev]1 7 sp>$ ! tribulations :i* h assail$ _! colleagues 9 o!r p>ts ( ,europe4 ,faults 9 ! rock /rata 7 v few & f> betwe51 :ile subt]ranean /reams & pockets ( visc\s mud did n ov]:elm !m4 ,! temp]ature )9 ! bor+1 moreov]1 nev] rose to an intol]able po9t1 ! maximum record$ be+ #eb ,fahr5heit4 ,?is 0 9 /rik+ contra/ to ! conditions on ! ,got?>d1 ,c5is1 ,simplon1 & o!r c5tral ,european tunnels1 :]e ! m]cury rose at times to ! vic9ity ( #ij degrees4 ,yet ! work]s 9 ! ,gravehals tunnel exp]i5c$ _! own peculi> dang]s & exasp]at+ misadv5tures4 ,! climatic conditions 7 ! mo/ try+1 & _m m5 ab&on$ _! tasks aft] a %ort exp]i5ce 9 ?is bleak situation1 = "w at a l[] level4 ,?is monotony 0 v>i$ "o day by an avalan*e1 :i* cra%$ d[n ! m\nta9-side1 sma%$ into ! p[]-h\se & c>ri$ away "s ( ! ma*9]y4 ,"w _h to be susp5d$ = "s six weeks :ile ! damage ?us caus$ 0 repair$4 ,at ano!r "t "w c\ld n be c>ri$ =w>d because no wat] 0 available1 & ab\t two mon?s ( en=c$ idl5ess _h to be endur$ until ! turb9es c\ld be set go+ once m4 ,on ! same section is ano!r heavy piece ( "w ( ?is "*1 ! ,re9unga tunnel1 ext5d+ = #e1bag feet ?r\gh a massive m\nta9 %\ld]4 ,"h ! c\ntry is extremely wild1 & ! location ( ! l9e tax$ ! plott]s supremely4 ,! track crawls along a n>r[ l$ge = "s di/ance1 pois$ ne>ly #ejj feet above ! highroad4 ,! situation is prec>i\s1 = l&slides & avalan*es are ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 :ile deta*$ b\ld]s rattle d[n ! slopes at times & ?reat5 ! railway ) ext9ction4 ,=tunately1 z ! metals are laid on a gall]y ( solid rock hewn 9 ! m\nta9-side1 ! ext5t ( ! damage inflict$ by ^! visitations is limit$ to ! p]man5t way1 ?\gh ! pres5ce ( ^! unt[>d ob/acles1 & ! result ( _! impact ) ! metals1 may int]rupt communication = a %ort "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,view ,,on ,,! ,,b]g5 ,,railway ,,9 ,,w9t]1 ,,%[+ ,,scre5s ,,to ,,protect ,,l9e ,,f ,,drift+ ,,sn[1 ,,& ,,sn[%$s ,see+ t a diff]5ce 9 level ( ov] #d1ajj feet has to be ov]come 9 ! #dg miles betwe5 ,vossevang5 & ,taugev&1 x is a teas+ up-hill pull all ! way4 ,! grades are v abrupt at places1 & impose a sev]e tax ^u ! locomotives4 ,! pass5g]1 h[ev]1 has "o comp5sation = sl[ness 9 travel4 ,"s ( ! gr&e/ sc5]y to be se5 on ! ,european cont95t is unfold$ to ! tra9 z x glides 9 & out among ! m\nta9 rifts1 & consequ5tly1 f ! t\ri/ po9t ( view1 ! r\te possesses illimitable attractions1 inasmu* z x (f]s facilities to ga9 "s ( ! mo/ beautiful p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 :i* hi!rto h be5 unapproa*able1 except 9 ! face ( an ardu\s & t$i\s j\rney by primitive means ( conveyance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mules ,,c>ry+ ,,wat] ,,9 ,,b>rels ,illu/ration3 ,see page #bgi ,,load ,,( ,,railway ,,metals ,,on ,a ,,mule',s ,,back ,,railway ,,build+ ,,9 ,,! ,,&es ,aft] cross+ ! summit level ! railway comm5ces an easy desc5t1 = ! inl& plateau is g5tly undulat+1 & ! valleys be+ wid]1 ! surveyors 7 assi/$ appreciably 9 _! task ( discov]+ an easy location4 ,! d[nw>d run cont9ues until ,bromma1 #bje miles we/ ( ,b]g51 is ga9$ at an altitude ( "s #dej feet4 ,!n comes ano!r rise to ov]come a l[ range1 :i* is accompli%$ ?r\gh a tunnel #g1fdd feet 9 l5g?4 ,?is tunnel prov$ a m exact+ & tr\blesome und]tak+ ?an ei!r ! ,gravehals or ,re9unga works4 ,! bor+ 0 attempt$ at fir/ on ! "t sy/em1 b ! advance 0 s sl[ & unsatisfactory t ?is pr9ciple 0 ab&on$4 ,! :ole tunnel 0 !n h&$ ov] to a contractor1 b he f\nd ! rock s h>d t a piece-"w sy/em 0 in/itut$4 ,9 ?is arrangem5t ! workm5 7 /imulat$ to supreme ef=t by ! (f] ( tempt+ premiums4 ,issu+ f ?is tunnel1 !re is ano!r desc5t = "s miles1 :5 ano!r ridge int]v5es1 necessitat+ a %>p climb ( #gjj feet1 foll[$ by a sm>t d[nw>d run to ,roa1 :]e a junction is effect$ ) ! ,norwegian ea/]n railway sy/em4 ,contemporane\sly ) ! build+ ( ?is l9e betwe5 ,vossevang5 & ,roa1 ! orig9al section betwe5 ,b]g5 & ,vossevang5 _h to be ov]haul$4 ,! metre gauge 0 9 vogue ^u ?is division1 :]eas ! re/ ( ! l9e 0 be+ built on ! /&>d gauge to secure uni=mity ) ! o!r l9es4 ,accord+ly1 ! n>r[-gauge 0 replac$ by /&>d-gauge track4 ,! ,b]g5-,*ri/iania l9e ranks z "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ pieces ( railway eng9e]+ 9 ,europe1 & te/ifies to ! rem>kable skill & dogg$ p]sev]ance ( ! ,sc&9avians 9 break+ d[n trem5d\s ob/acles z !y arose1 ) complete success4 ,x is no light und]tak+ to attempt su* an ent]prise z ?is 9 su* a latitude across a t]ribly expos$1 /orm-swept plateau1 among ! mo/ sp>sely populat$ regions ( ,europe1 & :]e ! w9t] la/s = eight or n9e mon?s4 ,! ra9fall is tropical 9 its sev]ity1 :ile ! /orms are ( t]rific fury1 z ! workm5 f\nd to _! co/4 ,"s idea ( ! magnitude ( ! "w consummat$ by ! eng9e]s may be ga!r$ f a few g5]al details4 ,! l9e passes ?r\gh no less ?an #ahd tunnels1 :i* repres5t an aggregate l5g? ( ne>ly #bd miles4 ,to c>ry ! l9e across depressions :i* c\ld n be fill$1 #ad bridges1 rang+ f a s+le-span /one /ructure ( #fj feet to a metal bridge #eff feet f end to end1 _h to be built4 ,betwe5 ! two t]m9al po9ts #ee /ations & /opp+-places h be5 provid$4 ,9 ord] to fa%ion ! p]man5t way ! eng9e]s _h to excavate ab\t #ce1jjj1jjj cubic feet ( e>?1 & ne>ly #cj1jjj1jjj cubic feet ( rock on ! highe/ p>ts ( ! m\nta9 section1 ?is latt] task be+ assi/$ by ! exp5diture ( ov] #a1hjj1jjj p\nds ( dynamite4 ,! anticipat$ task ( ma9ta9+ communication1 especially on ! high] & m expos$ sections ( ! railway1 has be5 appreciat$ to ! full4 ,to deal ) ! sn[ ?ree p[]ful rot>y pl\ghs h be5 acquir$1 & "o is kept 9 con/ant read9ess4 ,x is no unusual circum/ance = ?is equipm5t to be call$ out 9 ! middle ( summ] to cope ) a block 9 "o ( ! deep cutt+s4 ,! drift is a dang] aga9/ :i* especial att5tion has to be devot$1 = ! w9d cat*es up ! f9e1 dry flakes & :irls !m 9 cl\ds across ! c\ntry4 ,to prev5t ?is be+ deposit$ ^u ! l9e1 & ?us ob/ruct+ traffic1 timb] scre5s h be5 erect$ beside ! l9e1 ?is def5ce cont9u+ 9 an almo/ unbrok5 l9e = #fj miles betwe5 ,mjolfjeld & ,gjeilo4 ,! provision ( ! l9e1 h[ev]1 is ( f>-rea*+ importance to ! comm]cial int]e/s ( ,norway4 ,=m]ly1 #ed h\rs 7 requir$ to travel betwe5 ,*ri/iania & ,b]g51 b n[1 by cutt+ almo/ /raight across ! p59sula1 ! j\rney c be cov]$ 9 #ad h\rs4 ,to =ge ! l9k ( #bae miles betwe5 ,vossevang5 & ,roa1 to complete ?is und]tak+1 occupi$ t5 ye>s1 & ! #c1ccc1jjj1 or #af1ffe1jjj1 exp5d$ ^u ! ent]prise is consid]$ an excell5t inve/m5t = ! c\ntry4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,f ,,bu5os ,,aires ,,to ,,valp>aiso ,,ov]l& ,?\gh ,meiggs 0 d5i$ ! glory ( hav+ built ! fir/ ,s\? ,am]ican trans-cont95tal railway1 yet ! idea has be5 c>ri$ to fruition1 b at a po9t mu* f>!r s\? ?an he contemplat$4 ,aga91 :]eas ! audaci\s ,philadelphian eng9e] propos$ only to e/abli% 8 ,atlantic t]m9us on ! upp] rea*es ( ! ,amazon1 ! complet$ l9e runs d[n to ! wat]'s edge on ei!r coa/1 ! two opposite ports connect$ 9 ?is mann] be+ ,bu5os ,aires on ! ,atlantic1 & ,valp>aiso on ! ,pacific1 coa/s4 ,! ,trans-&9e railway itself1 :i* completes ?is connection1 h[ev]1 only ext5ds f ,m5doza at ! foot ( ! m\nta9 *a9 on ! ,arg5t9e side1 to ,los ,&es on ! ,*ilian slopes ( ! range4 ,^! two po9ts are #aef miles ap>t1 b ! metals _h to be lift$ #aa1ejj feet into ! air to br+ !m toge!r4 ,:5 x 0 decid$ to connect ,m5doza & ,los ,&es toge!r 9 ?is mann]1 ! fir/-nam$ t[n 0 9 direct t\* ) ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 ! ,bu5os ,aires ,pacific railway hav+ ?r[n its me%es inl& to ! foot ( ! m\nta9s4 ,?is 0 n a difficult matt]1 ow+ to ! flatness ( ! c\ntry1 pampas pla9s = ! mo/ "p prevail+4 ,! result is t 9 ! climb f ,bu5os ,aires to ,m5doza only #b1dgj feet has to be ov]come 9 #fej miles4 ,consequ5tly1 ! gradi5ts are s slight z to be practically imp]ceptible4 ,inde$1 s simple 0 con/ruction t x 0 f\nd possible to lay ! metals 9 an absolutely /raight l9e = no less ?an #baj miles--! longe/ /ret* ( 8/raight0 l9e 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 9 #ahhf t ! fir/ prelim9>ies 9 ! actual con/ruction ( ?is f9al l9k 9 ! coa/-to-coa/ railway 0 made4 ,! surveys %[$ ! feasibility ( ! s*eme1 ?\gh x 0 po9t$ out t to climb ov] ! ,&es w\ld entail "w ( a peculi> "*1 & t ! co/ w\ld be trem5d\s4 ,! critical po9t 0 ! negotiation ( ! summit itself1 = ! m\nta9 pass is at an altitude ( #ab1gif feet4 ,?\gh comm5c$ 9 #ahhf1 ! s*eme exp]i5c$ _m *anges ( =tune :i* h9d]$ con/ruction "t aft] "t4 ,f9ancial & lab\r tr\bles 7 ! two mo/ ret>d+ factors4 ,by #ahia only #eg miles 7 op5 to traffic2 f\r ye>s lat] only witness$ ! pass+ ( ! #ij? mile/one4 ,su* sl[ progress 0 deplorable 9 comp>ison ) ! build+ ( ! ,oroya & ,moll5do railways4 ,!n came a delay ( f\r ye>s1 b 9 #ahii "w 0 resum$ & 0 pu%$ =w>d to completion4 ,on ! ,*ilian side1 ow+ to simil> tr\bles1 con/ruction 0 possible only 9 spurts1 & ev5 :5 ! f9ancial details 7 adju/$ satisfactorily1 ! sc>city ( lab\r rema9$ a ?orny problem4 ,! surveys %[$ t ! mo/ practical r\te we/w>ds f ,m5doza 0 by foll[+ ! c\rse ( ! riv] ( t "n "r into ! m\nta9 range4 ,9 ?is mann] ext5sive bla/+ & heavy cutt+ c\ld be avoid$1 except :]e ! m\nta9-sides dropp$ abruptly into ! riv]1 & !n ^! w\ld h to be tunnell$4 ,! con/ructional eng9e]s foll[$ ?is location1 b only to run full-tilt into ano!r difficulty :i* _h n be5 =ese54 ,! ,m5doza is a ,s\? ,am]ican replica ( ,*9a's ill-fat$ ,hoang-ho4 ,9 ! l[ season its placid wat]s roll leisurely to ! ocean1 b :5 x is swoll5 by ! melt+ sn[s x te>s along ) fi5di% velocity4 ,z its banks are compos$ only ( ! s(t alluvium br\ght d[n f ! m\nta9s1 ! foam+ wat]s d n f9d ?is a v difficult ob/acle1 & accord+ly c>ry x away 9 trem5d\s quantities4 ,z a result1 ! riv] is = ev] *ang+ its *annel4 ,to ! railway eng9e]s su* ecc5tricities prov$ s]i\s factors4 ,!y realis$ spe$ily t "h 0 a situation peculi>ly exasp]at+1 = long l5g?s ( track 7 swept away bodily "t aft] "t4 ,x nev] c\ld be anticipat$ :]e ! turbul5t wat] w\ld break its b\nds next4 ,a /ret* ( p]man5t way1 left safe & s\nd 9 ! morn+1 sometimes 0 wip$ out ( exi/5ce be=e nightfall4 ,all t c\ld be se5 ( ! "w possibly 0 ! rails dipp+ into ! wat] on "o bank & reappe>+ on ! o!r1 ! int]v5+ section describ+ a graceful fe/oon 9 ! dep?s ( ! muddy torr5t4 ,at times ! wat]s 7 m freaki%4 ,!y w\ld bur/ ^u ! track ) su* viol5ce z to wr5* ! metals ap>t2 !n only ! jagg$1 twi/$ ends jutt+ m\rnfully into ! air on ei!r side ( ! new riv] *annel 7 ! sole remnants ( ! track4 ,! eng9e]s tri$ innum]able exp$i5ts to pres]ve ! l9e f ^! erratic attacks1 b )\t any mat]ial success = "s "t4 ,at la/ !y decid$ to provide ! riv] ) an artificial embankm5t1 & to lay ! track well back f ! wat]way4 ,tra9loads ( huge masses ( /one 7 br\ght to ! vuln]able po9ts & pit*$ at ! foot ( ! embankm5t1 :i* 0 rais$ to a height well above flood-level4 ,?\s&s ( tons ( /one 7 dump$ 9 ?is mann]1 & x 0 f\nd t x af=d$ complete protection1 because ! wat] c\ld n dislodge ! masonry pit*+ to eat its way into ! s(t e>? b5ea?4 ,! artificial dyke solv$ ! problem ( h[ to keep ! ru%+1 boi/]\s ,m5doza )9 b\nds4 ,avalan*es & sn[slides 7 ano!r con/ant m5ace4 ,_! accu/om$ pa?s _h to be not$ c>efully & !n /udi\sly giv5 a wide b]?4 ,^! convulsions are ( impressive sev]ity 9 ! ,&es1 & ! impetus ! slides ga91 ow+ to ! /eepness & l5g? ( ! declivities d[n :i* !y tumble1 imp>ts t]rific =ce to !m4 ,:5 a sl5d] railway /&s 9 _! pa? x is caught up l /raw & scatt]$ 9 all directions4 ,possibly ! l&slides are m to be dread$ ?an ! movem5ts ( ! sn[4 ,9 ! ,&es ! d5ud+ =ces ( ,nature are exceptionally heavy4 ,_m a m\nta9 slope :i*1 f a cursory inspection1 looks sub/antial & solid1 ^u clos] inve/igation proves to be m]ely a ?ick lay]1 p]haps _m feet 9 ?ickness1 ( s(t detritus4 ,! slighte/ vibration is suffici5t to set ! mass 9 motion1 & x slides sl[ly & irresi/ibly d[nw>ds4 ,at "s places x 0 f\nd impossible to avoid su* un/able gr\nd1 s ! eng9e]s +5i\sly cut a passage ?r\gh ! s(t rubble1 tak+ c>e to rea* ! solid m\nta9 flank b5ea? ^u :i* to build ! track1 :ile ! detritus 0 held back by means ( massive concrete masonry walls4 ,"u su* circum/ances x is imp]ative t ! track %\ld be ( ! mo/ solid "*1 if x is design$ to fulfil ! conditions ( a trunk highway4 ,! road b$ is well built1 laid ) metals to a metre-gauge1 & balla/$ heavily4 ,all e>?works are c>ri$ out on lib]al l9es1 & ! bridges are built ?r\gh\t ( /eel4 ,:5 ! ma9 range is ga9$ ! l9e becomes m devi\s1 ! banks are %>p] & m num]\s1 ! %ort tunnels & ! bridges across ! riv]s m frequ5t1 = ! location caus$ ! l9e to sw+ f bank to bank z be+ m economical con/ruction ?an to bla/ & c>ve a way = ! l9e ?r\gh ! solid rock ( ! cliffs4 ,at places ! rises became s abrupt z to defy op]ation by adhesion4 ,!n %ort l5g?s ( rack :]e cog-:eels on ! locomotive me% ) a too!d rail laid betwe5 ! ord9>y rails1 & work+ simil> to a rack & p9ion1 _h to be ins]t$ to enable ! tra9 to climb upw>ds4 ,a /rik+ evid5ce ( ! di/ance sav$ by ! railway is af=d$ betwe5 ,m5doza & ,upsallata /ation4 ,z ! cr[ flies ! di/ance is #dj miles due ea/2 by rail x is #ag miles f>!r2 b by ! old m\nta9 road :i* conv]ges ^u ! l9e at ,upsallata x is no less ?an #ajj miles6 ,! latt] makes a wide1 sweep+ det\r aft] leav+ ,m5doza 9 ord] to avoid ! foot-hills1 & to ensure an easy gradi5t = animal traffic4 ,! wilde/ "p ( ! range is enc\nt]$ :5 ! ,m5doza ,riv] is left & ! railway ent]s ! ,am>illo1 or ,yell[ ,gorge4 ,incid5tally1 ! l9e ?r\gh ?is rift 0 "o ( ! mo/ co/ly & difficult sections to build4 ,las ,cuevas1 at an altitude ( #aj1chh feet1 0 ! objective1 & s great is ! diff]5ce 9 level )9 a few miles t "s d>+ developm5t "w _h to be c>ri$ out4 ,! fir/ sign ( ?is /eep climb is a ,meiggs ,v-swit*4 ,! rack 0 adopt$ m ext5sively1 ?is be+ introduc$ betwe5 %ort /ret*es ( easi] grade or sections ( level1 s t ! railway really asc5ds 9 ! =m ( a s]ies ( gigantic /eps4 ,! rack is ( ! ?ree-too!d type simil> to t s famili> on ! ,swiss m\nta9 railways4 ,9 w9d+ ?r\gh ! gorge "s ( ! mo/ impressive vi/as ( ,&9e maje/y are unfold$4 ,!re is ! sn[-capp$ cre/ ( ,aconcagua1 beetl+ #bc1ejj feet to ! sky1 ,tupungato #ba1dea feet1 ,tolosa #ai1jjj feet1 & _m ano!r :ite-hood$ m\nta9 giant4 ,! ,trans-&9e ranks z "o ( ! greate/ sc5ic railways 9 ! _w1 = x unlock$ ! door to :at previ\sly 0 reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ inaccessible sight-see+ c5tres on ?is globe4 ,already its /ation at ,inca has develop$ into a popul> m\nta9e]+ r5dezv\s1 :5ce ! ambiti\s essay to scale ! caps ( ! ,cordill]as4 ,"s idea ( ! /up5d\s "* ( ! railway's asc5t 9 ?is region may be ga!r$ f ! fact t 9 ! la/ #h miles to ,las ,cuevas x rises no less ?an #a1dad feet1 & at ?is latt] /ation ! track lies ne>ly #b miles above ! ,atlantic4 ,las ,cuevas is at ! foot ( ! summit ridge :i* is pi]c$ by ! tunnel c>ry+ ! railway into ,*ile4 ,?is "p ( ! "w prov$ ! mo/ try+1 = x involv$ wre/l+ ) innum]able difficulties ( great magnitude & peculi> "*1 su* z are exp]i5c$ v seldom 9 tunnell+ op]ations4 ,?\gh ! range is n pi]c$ at su* an altitude z by ! fam\s ,gal]a tunnel 9 ! c\ntry next door1 yet x is ?ree times z long4 ,! eng9e]s _h to drill1 bla/ & excavate _! way ?r\gh ! rock ( ! ridge = #aj1jjj feet--ne>ly two miles--& at times ! ob/acles t loom$ up sudd5ly prov$ extremely p]plex+4 ,! completion ( ?is "w delay$ ! op5+ ( ! railway consid]ably1 = calculations & anticipations 7 upset rudely :5 excavation comm5c$4 ,"s "t pass$ be=e ! precise design ( ! tunnel c\ld be settl$4 ,at fir/ x 0 decid$ to describe a spiral 9 ! peak s z to accommodate ! level ( ! ,arg5t9e division ) t ( ! ,*ile section ( ! l9e4 ,! tunnel 0 to be driv5 f ei!r end by ! eng9e]s ( ! respective railways1 :i* 7 two di/9ct und]tak+s4 ,! two armies 7 to meet at mid-tunnel imm$iately b5ea? ! fam\s /atue ( ,*ri/o ,r$5tor1 commemorat+ ! treaty ( peace betwe5 ,arg5t9a & ,*ile1 :i* /&s ^u ! b\nd>y l9e ( ! two c\ntries 9 ! pass above4 ,on ! ,arg5t9e side ! camps = ! tunnel works 7 e/abli%$ at ,las ,cuevas1 ab\t #a miles bel[ ! portal4 ,:5 bor+ 0 comm5c$ ! eng9e]s' advance 0 ?reat5$4 ,! dep? ( ! loose1 friable e>? erod$ f ! peaks above1 :i* _h accumulat$ dur+ ! flight ( c5turies1 prov$ mu* great] ?an 0 suppos$4 ,?is entail$ mo/ elaborate timb]+ to prev5t ! ro( cav+ 9 & bury+ ! excavators4 ,z all lumb] _h to be br\ght up f ,m5doza1 = ?is desolate region is f> above ! timb] l9e1 heavy delays arose p5d+ ! arrival ( ! wood4 ,!n !y _h to move =w>d w>ily foot by foot1 z ! detritus prov$ trea*]\s to h&le4 ,! eng9e]s pl\gh$ _! way ?r\gh ?is mat]ial = #cjj feet1 & felt reliev$ :5 at la/ !y /ruck solid rock1 :i* !y rightly ?\ght 0 ! ma9 body ( ! m\nta94 ,elaborate arrangem5ts 7 made to drive ahead m rapidly1 b :5 ! mass _h be5 p5etrat$ = ne>ly #bjj feet ! eng9e]s receiv$ ano!r rude %ock4 ,! rock 0 false4 ,:at !y _h fondly ?\ght to be ! m\nta9 itself 0 m]ely a huge crag :i* _h become deta*$ & _h slipp$ d[n bodily4 ,"h 0 a critical dilemma4 ,! "w 0 f> too risky = aught b exp]t tunnel-build]s--eng9e]s :o _h made a speciality ( su* und]tak+s1 & :o 7 possess$ ( compet5t ability & facilities to cope successfully ) any cont+5cy likely to develop4 ,z a result ( c>eful delib]ations x 0 decid$ to h& ! :ole tunnel--lock1 /ock & b>rel1 f end to end--to "o firm4 ,selection fell ^u ! ,briti% eng9e]s1 ,messrs4 ,c4 ,h4 ,walk] ,company1 :o rescu$ ! fam\s ,sev]n tunnel f flood1 & successfully complet$ x 9 ! face ( unhe>d-( difficulties4 ,^! eng9e]s at once attack$ ! problem boldly4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! false rock on ! ,arg5t9e side ext5d$ = no less ?an #a1fgj feet1 s t x mu/ h be5 a mo/ viol5t %iv] ( ,nature1 inde$1 :i* let loose t m\nta9 spur4 ,! situation1 h[ev]1 0 grasp$ s completely t )9 two ye>s ! range 0 pi]c$4 ,yet x 0 n s mu* ! eng9e]+ difficulties t ?is firm fe>$ :5 !y essay$ ! task1 b ! altitude at :i* x _h to be accompli%$4 ,aga91 !re 7 difficulties incid5tal to transport1 & ! situations ( ! work+s s f> f any base4 ,^! 7 v great4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t dur+ ! w9t] mon?s--t is1 f ,april to ,octob]--! tunnel work+s & camps 7 cut (f practically f ! outside _w4 ,to plan "o's arrangem5ts dur+ ! %ort summ] s t :5 isolat$ !re 0 no lack ( mat]ial1 food = ! workm51 h\s+ accommodation1 z well z provision made = a ?\s&-&-"o o!r details :i* 7 b\nd to arise1 dem&$ consid]able =esight1 = "w _h to be ma9ta9$ z /eadily dur+ ! w9t] sn[s z "u ! summ] sun4 ,x is n e workman :o w volunte]1 or is physically capable1 to brave ! dang]s att5d+ ! wield+ ( pick1 %ovel1 :eelb>r[ & explosives 9 ! r>efi$ atmosph]e & ! adv]se climatic conditions prevail+ 9 w9t] among ! highe/ altitudes ( ! ,&es4 ,! cold is int5se1 ! sn[fall is trem5d\s1 & ! w9ds rage ) t]rific fury4 ,! froz5 sn[ & ice are driv5 l s& 9 all directions1 & ) su* =ce t !y cut l a knife1 & p5etrate e crevice4 ,lab\r1 inde$1 prov$ a we>isome difficulty4 ,*ilians figur$ mo/ prom95tly among ! workm51 & !y prov$ to be v good lab\r]s4 ,!re 7 a few ,italians among !m1 ) ,engli%m5 occupy+ ! controll+ positions4 ,at ea* end ( ! tunnel elaborate hospitals 7 erect$ replete ) compet5t m$ical att5tion1 = 9 addition to accid5ts !re 7 ! innum]able maladies provok$ by ! r$uc$ atmosph]ic pressure :i*1 unless skilfully t5d$ 9 ! incipi5t /ages1 are apt to develop v s]i\s symptoms4 ,pneumonia 0 ! *ief cause ( illness1 attributable to insuffici5t clo?+ & c>e on ! "p ( ! ,*ilians4 ,b aft] all is said & done1 "w at su* an altitude is t]ribly exhau/+ "u ! mo/ fav\rable conditions4 ,on ! ,*ilian side ! con/ructional "w 0 m impos+ 9 "*4 ,x is only #df miles f ! ,pacific portal ( ! tunnel to ,los ,&es1 :]e junction is effect$ ) ! ,/ate railway sy/ems4 ,9 ?is %ort di/ance !re is a diff]5ce ( "s #hjjj feet 9 levels1 & ! drop 9 ! fir/ #g miles f ! tunnel m\? is no less ?an #c1aej feet4 ,! eng9e]s 7 h>d pu%$ to devise ways & means to lay ! track s t x c\ld be op]at$ by ! usual railway me?ods4 ,heavy grades1 rang+ f #f to #h p] c5t41 c\ld n be avoid$ to communicate ea* successive gall]y c>ry+ ! metals along ! m\nta9 sides4 ,! rack _h to be resort$ to freely1 & ! result is t ! l9e describes a rem>kable zigzag c\rse1 /rik+ly recall+ ! wond]ful ,/elvio road 9 ! ,tyrol4 ,at "o po9t !re is a v impressive piece ( eng9e]+4 ,! l9e w9ds along ! hill-side high up on ! bank ( ! ru%+ ,aconcagua ,riv]1 disappe>s into a tunnel ?r\gh a spur1 & !n em]ges at ! o!r side on ! br9k ( a n>r[ *asm--! ,soldi]'s ,leap4 ,?is is a m]e w$ge-%ap$ fissure 9 ! rock1 b a few feet 9 wid?1 & ?r\gh :i* ! riv] tumbles ov] #bjj feet bel[4 ,a n>r[ bridge c>ries ! l9e across ! rift to a n>r[ l$ge bla/$ out ( ! opposite cliff-face :]e ! m\nta9s ov]hang ! wat]4 ,! res\rces ( ! eng9e]s w be tax$ to a supreme degree 9 ord] to keep ! l9e cle> f sn[ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,9 fact1 x 0 ass]t$ freely t = ab\t six mon?s 9 ! ye> ! upp] levels ( ! l9e w\ld be well-nigh impassable4 ,! eng9e]s on ! spot1 h[ev]1 h ris5 to ! occasion4 ,!y h /udi$ ! massive hills ( sn[ :i*1 la%$ into furi\s :irl-/orms by ! hurricane w9ds1 sweep rapidly & irresi/ibly =w>d1 (t5 bury+ ! railway to a dep? ( #cj feet or m4 ,a p[]ful rot>y pl\gh 0 plac$ 9 s]vice to tackle ?is ob/acle1 & al?\gh f\nd highly successful 9 ! places :]e ! l9e 0 op51 x c\ld n be utilis$ 9 ! deep cutt+s4 ,special situations dem& special me?ods4 ,s ! eng9e]s set to "w to devise _! own means ( combat+ ,boreas 9 8 wilde/ fury4 ,!y evolv$ a pu%-pl\gh ( a special w$ge-%ape patt]n :i* c attack a #af-;foot drift & cut a *annel clean ?r\gh x ) ease4 ,! tr\ble is n s mu* ! sn[1 b ! l>ge masses ( rock :i* are roll$ d[n ! m\nta9 sides1 & lurk 9 ! :ite mass4 ,:5 a rot>y /rikes "o ( ^! =midable b\ld]s :5 runn+ at full spe$1 ! aug]-l rotat+ me*anism is sma%$ to pieces1 & ! :ole app>atus is ?r[n out ( action4 ,) ! special pu%-pl\gh1 h[ev]1 no su* disa/] is to be fe>$4 ,! nose ( ! app>atus glides ov] ! conceal$ ob/ruction )\t suff]+ any damage :atev]1 & ! b\ld] c be remov$ by manual lab\r1 z a skill$ gang ( sn[-cle>]s are atta*$ to e sn[-pl\gh tra94 ,a new l9e is approa*+ completion among ! ,&es :i* compels att5tion1 ev5 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! l& ( railway wond]s4 ,?is is ! new ma9 l9e :i* is to connect ,la ,paz1 ! capital ( ,bolivia1 ) ! coa/4 ,hi!rto1 9 ord] to ga9 ! metropolis ( ! int]ior l&-lock$ ,/ate1 "o has _h to emb>k ^u a circuit\s j\rney ei!r via ! ,ant(aga/a railway & its connections1 or by means ( ! ,p]uvian ,s\!rn railway f ,moll5do1 by way ( ,lake ,titicaca & ,puno4 ,! new l9e />ts f ! coa/ at ,arica & foll[s z /raight a l9e to ,la ,paz z ! configuration ( ! c\ntry p]mits4 ,! out/&+ feature ( ?is ent]prise is ! extreme altitude at :i* x lies = ! great] "p ( its l5g?1 ?is rang+ betwe5 #ab1jjj & #ad1jjj feet above ! ,pacific4 ,ano!r fact is t ! summit is n ov]come by a tunnel1 b ! l9e passes "r ov] ! cre/s4 ,! l9e measures #bib miles 9 l5g?1 & ! sudd5 rise f ! coa/ into ! m\nta9 c\ntry is effect$ by means ( ! too!d rail or rack sy/em1 ! aggregate l5g? ( :i* is no less ?an #dj miles4 ,"s idea ( ! conditions t confront$ ! railway-build]s 0 af=d$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! surveys4 ,9 _m places ! eng9e]s _h to bla/ a trail out ( ! h>d1 solid rock ) dynamite 9 ord] to advance4 ,!re are ab\t #gj tunnels1 ?\gh none are v long1 = ! mo/ "p pi]c+ %\ld]s & spurs ( ! ma9 range :i* c\ld n be compass$ or remov$4 ,at places v heavy bridg+ is ess5tial1 ! spann+ ( "o gorge 9 p>ticul> hav+ pres5t$ a pretty problem4 ,?is rav9e is #aej feet 9 wid?1 & is cross$ 9 a s+le span #aej feet above ! rag+ riv]4 ,"h1 aga91 ! extreme r>efaction ( ! atmosph]e is a s]i\s disadvantage aga9/ :i* ! eng9e]s h _h to cont5d1 :ile ! fluctuations 9 temp]ature are extremely great4 ,a diff]5ce ( #aac degrees 9 ! c\rse ( a day is by no means uncommon4 ,at noon ! !rmomet] w /& at #ajj1 by nightfall x has dropp$ to #j4ac degrees4 ,su* a rise & fall are trem5d\s1 = at ,gre5wi*1 x may be po9t$ out1 ! same daily fluctuation av]ages ab\t #ag degrees4 ,aga91 9 ! highe/ altitudes ?r\gh :i* ! l9e ?reads its way1 wat] boils at #ahj degrees1 z comp>$ ) #bab degrees on ! coa/4 ,9 ord] to enable ! workm5 to prep>e _! food 9 su* expos$1 l(ty situations1 special vessels h _h to be devis$ to prev5t ! wat] boil+ ov]1 = ?is result ensues long be=e ! food is cook$ prop]ly1 & ! loss ( wat]1 ev5 ( only a p9t1 9 su* p>*$ regions is a s]i\s matt]4 ,9 "s places ! c\ntry is z arid z ! ,sah>a1 & ! wat] has _h to be transport$ ov] great di/ances 9 b>rels slung on ! backs ( mules4 ,l>ge packs ( ^! animals h be5 press$ into s]vice = ?is "w only4 ,simil>ly1 ! build+ mat]ial has _h to be c>ri$ f ! coa/ to ! con/ructional camps /rung out along ! propos$ r\te1 by means ( ?is %ip ( ! ,&es4 ,! "w 0 c>ri$ out f bo? ends simultane\sly1 "o t5tacle be+ ?r[n out f ! junction ) ! ,bolivian ,/ate railways we/w>ds1 & ! o!r ea/w>ds f ! coa/4 ,! co/ ( provid+ ! capital ( ,bolivia ) ?is direct outlet to ! ,pacific approximates #c1jjj1jjj1 or #ae1jjj1jjj4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! high co/ ( ! o!r ,&ean railways1 ?is la/ conque/ ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican m\nta9 backbone may be consid]$ l[4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,a ,,little-,,kn[n ,,c5tral ,,african ,,railway ,buri$ 9 ! he>t ( ,c5tral ,africa1 ) "o bord] skirt+ ! mo/ s\!rn ( ! *a9 ( ,great ,african ,lakes :i* ne/le 9 ! huge depressions ( ! cont95t1 is a small1 little-kn[n ,briti% colony4 ,?is corn] ( ! empire is ,nyasal&1 a tongue ( promis+ t]ritory :i* ?ru/s itself s\?w>d into ,portuguese ,ea/ ,africa4 ,?\gh ! weal? ( ?is little t]ritory1 measur+ #eej miles 9 l5g?1 & v>y+ f #hj to #ij miles 9 wid?1 is incalculable1 exploitation ( ! res\rces has be5 h&icapp$ by ! complete abs5ce ( transportation facilities4 ,! e>ly pione]s & civilis+ influ5ces visit+ ! c\ntry 7 impress$ ) ! outlook1 & s\ght to attract settl]s4 ,! m h>d5$ & adv5tur\s accept$ ! invitation1 &1 f9d+ ! c\ntry 9 e way z describ$1 devot$ _! en]gies to ! cultivation ( c(fee1 :i* held out mo/ promis+ inducem5ts4 ,! physical configuration ( ! c\ntry1 provid+ a div]sity ( hill & dale & ample wat]+ facilities1 s]v$ to br+ ab\t a c]ta9 movem5t t[>ds settlem5t4 ,roads 7 driv5 9 all directions1 &1 inde$1 ! int]nal communication to-day leaves little to be desir$4 ,b ! c\ntry suff]$ sev]ely f be+ cut (f f ! _w at l>ge4 ,!re is only "o *annel by :i* ! c\ntry c be ent]$1 & t is f ,*9de on ! coa/1 via ! ,zambesi ,riv] until ! m\? ( ! ,%ir ,riv] is ga9$1 ?is latt] wat]way be+ foll[$ s f> z ,port ,h]ald4 ,! di/ance is ab\t #baj miles1 & ! /]n-:eel1 %all[-draught /eamboats occupy f #d to #f days on ! j\rney accord+ to ! /ate ( ! riv]s4 ,= ab\t ?ree mon?s 9 ! ye> ! ,%ir ,riv] c be navigat$ = a fur!r #dj miles to ,*9de1 & occasionally ,*ikwawa1 #caj miles f ! coa/1 c be rea*$ by wat]4 ,9 ! e>ly days a hope 0 ent]ta9$ t x w\ld be possible to travel by wat] f ! coa/ to ,lake ,nyasa1 b ?is is impossible1 z ! ,mur*ison ,falls1 :i* connect ! ,upp] & ,l[] ,%ir riv]s1 are an insurm\ntable ob/acle4 ,_h ?is navigation be5 possible1 ! c\ntry w\ld h be5 provid$ ) an excell5t art]y ( communication1 & w\ld h br\ght ,blantyre1 ! capital1 into direct t\* ) ! coa/4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 ! normal head ( navigation on ! ,%ir ,riv] is ,villa ,bocage1 9 ,portuguese t]ritory1 j above ! po9t :]e ! wat]way jo9s ! ,zambesi4 ,9 ord] to rem$y ?is grave disability1 :i* 0 h9d]+ ! expansion ( ! c\ntry to an acute degree1 ! ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa ,company decid$ to provide a ma9 l9e ( railway betwe5 ,blantyre & ,port ,h]ald4 ,! opportunities 7 unique1 z transport 0 difficult & co/ly1 :ile x 0 po9t$ out1 also1 t by means ( ! iron road ! slave-trade ar\nd ,lake ,nyasa c\ld be brok5 up effectively4 ,sir ,brad=d ,leslie1 ,k4,c4,i4,e41 ,m4,,in/4,c4,e41 ! em95t eng9e] ^: bridge-build+ & o!r works are scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! ,indian ,empire1 0 approa*$ to ext5d 8 valuable assi/ance & skill 9 ! prosecution ( ! und]tak+4 ,! s*eme 0 n ambiti\s s f> z railways are conc]n$1 b !re 7 _m peculi> difficulties :i* _h to be ov]come4 ,! l9e promot$ 0 only #aad miles 9 l5g?1 b 9 t di/ance a diff]5ce ( #c1gjj feet 9 levels _h to be ov]come4 ,! brok5 "* ( ! c\ntry prov$ t "s heavy "w w\ld be necess>y1 = ! deep1 wide rifts 9 ! m\nta9 sides1 ?\gh dry 9 summ]1 are rag+ torr5ts :5 ! wet season breaks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,railway ,,build+ ,,9 ,,nyasal&1 ,,c5tral ,,africa ,natives erect+ an embankm5t4 ,! natives1 bo? m5 & wom51 transport$ ! mat]ial 9 baskets c>ri$ on _! heads4 ,sir ,brad=d ,leslie1 be+ int]e/$ 9 ! ext9ction ( ! slave-trade1 gladly co-op]at$ 9 ! s*eme1 & al?\gh he did n visit ! c\ntry to inspect ! outlook on ! spot1 he prep>$ e/imates f data ( ! physical conditions ext5d$1 ^u ! basis ( 8 ,indian "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,typical ,,bridge ,,on ,,! ,,nyasal& ,,railway ,ev]y?+ = con/ruction _h to be export$ f ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,novel ,,lift ,,bridge ,,ov] ,,! ,,%ir ,,riv] ,,at ,,*iromo ,! span is lift$ by w9*es work$ by natives4 ,,! ,,railway ,,invasion ,,( ,,c5tral ,,africa ,x 0 int5d$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 t ,*iromo %\ld be ! base = con/ructional op]ations1 ! prim>y idea be+ to connect ,blantyre ) ! riv] at ?is po9t4 ,?is repres5t$ ! build+ ( ab\t #hd miles ( l9e1 & promis$ to remove ! isolation & inaccessibility ( ! capital4 ,at ?is "t a c>t road 0 ! sole means ( communication1 & :5 ?is c\ld n be us$ ev]y?+ _h to be c>ri$ on ! heads ( native port]s1 :ile pass5g]s _h to travel to & fro by 8ma*illa10 a k9d ( hammock slung f a pole4 ,b access to ,*iromo 0 f\nd to be s unreliable1 ow+ to ! %all[ dep? ( wat] 9 ! riv] & ! num]\s s&banks ^u :i* ! vessels became /r&$1 t x _h to be ab&on$ z a base4 ,a fur!r #cj miles ( l9e _h to be add$ to ! project1 to enable x to be c>ri$ nor?w>ds f ,port ,h]ald4 ,! contractors f\nd !mselves hamp]$ at e turn1 & x is probable t no railway 0 ev] con/ruct$ "u su* peculi> & exasp]at+ difficulties4 ,railways1 z a rule1 h be5 c>ri$ f a base on ! coa/1 :]e supplies c\ld be l&$ )\t v great difficulty1 b 9 ?is in/ance ?is 0 q impossible4 ,!n1 aga91 ! "w 0 be+ c>ri$ out at an extreme di/ance f home1 & an elaborate organisation 0 requisite to keep ! =ces 9 ! field suppli$ ) e little necessity4 ,:5 ! l9e 0 comm5c$ ! c\ntry 0 9 a v primeval condition4 ,skill$ lab\r 0 q non-exi/5t1 & unskill$ lab\r 0 v sc>ce4 ,?is problem 0 acc5tuat$ by ! fact t ,nyasal& 0 be+ dra9$ ( its res\rces 9 ?is respect by ag5ts f ! ,transvaal1 :o _h receiv$ p]mission to recruit negro lab\r 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! railway au?orities endeav\r$ to meet ?is situation by import+ coolies f ,india = ! purpose ( con/ruction1 b ?is action 0 /]nly =bidd5 by ! ,gov]nm5t au?orities4 ,! ef=t to provide ! c\ntry ) ! v communication x ne$$ s sorely to br+ ab\t its settlem5t1 fur!rmore1 0 hamp]$ 9 ano!r direction4 ,! ,gov]nm5t au?orities 9 ,london insi/$ t ! railway %\ld be built accord+ to ! /&>d ( ! ,rhodesian railways1 not)/&+ ! fact t ,rhodesia 0 9 a v mu* m advanc$ position economically1 :]eas ,nyasal& _h n rea*$ ! m\ld+ /age4 ,?is 0 a some:at inexplicable attitude to assume1 & 0 ( a nature t might h jeop>dis$ private ent]prise 9 ?is field ( endeav\r4 ,h[ev]1 ! eng9e]s & build]s accept$ ! t]ms & ! "w proce$$4 ,"u ?is arrangem5t ! #c feet #f in*es gauge 0 adopt$ z on ! ,rhodesian railways1 s t 9 ! dim future1 :5 ! two sy/ems are connect$1 ?r\gh runn+ w be possible4 ,! rails weigh #da p\nds p] y>d1 & z timb] is dev\r$ by :ite ants & bor+ beetles1 x c\ld n be us$ 9 any =m4 ,consequ5tly1 /eel sleep]s1 or ties1 _h to be adopt$4 ,ev]y?+ requir$ 9 connection ) ! und]tak+ _h to be %ipp$ f ,engl&2 ! c\ntry did n assi/ ! build]s "o little bit4 ,n an ounce ( coal c\ld be obta9$ locally1 !re 0 no lime1 & bricks c\ld n be made to assi/ 9 ! erection ( ! pi]s4 ,! c\ntry is ev5 defici5t 9 a good quality ( /one suit$ to build+ purposes1 s masonry "w 0 equally out ( ! "q4 ,! only alt]native 0 ! utilisation ( concrete4 ,! ,portl& cem5t = ?is purpose1 by ! "t x ga9$ ,port ,h]ald1 co/ betwe5 five & six times ! price = :i* x c\ld be b\ght 9 ,engl&--9 o!r words1 ! exp5se ( c>riage 0 f f\r to five times ! value ( ! article4 ,?is appli$ to o!r mat]ial beyond cem5t4 ,9 fact1 ! transportation to su* a remote di/rict 0 a heavy item4 ,! articles 7 dispat*$ to ,beira1 :]e !y 7 tran%ipp$ into coa/+ /eam]s1 & five h\rs lat] 7 l&$ at ,*9de1 :]e !y 7 load$ ^u ! %all[-draught riv] boats & convey$ to ,port ,h]ald4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,iron ,,horse ,,9 ,,c5tral ,,africa ,arrival ( ! pass5g] tra9 at ,port ,h]ald on ! ,nyasal& ,railway4 ,beira on ! coa/ is rea*$ f ?is po9t by /eam] via ! ,%ir & ,zambesi riv]s4 ,! l9e foll[s a nor!rly c\rse aft] leav+ ! s\!rn t]m9us1 & r\ghly cl+s to ! bank ( ! riv] s f> z ,*iromo4 ,"h x sw+s across ! wat]way ov] a bridge ab\t #dbj feet 9 l5g?1 to ga9 ! valley ( ! ,ruo ,riv]4 ,?is bridge is ! out/&+ feature ( ! railway1 on acc\nt ( its int]e/+ lift+ span1 :i* is ( novel & unusual design4 ,:5 ! railway 0 plott$ ! ,gov]nm5t /ipulat$ t !re %\ld be no int]f]5ce ) navigation on ! riv]1 al?\gh ! wat]way1 z a highway ( traffic1 has fall5 practically into desuetude s9ce ! railway 0 con/ruct$4 ,h[ev]1 (ficial requirem5ts _h to be met1 & ^! dem&$ an op5+ #ajj feet wide1 & giv+ a cle>ance ( #cj feet 9 height at high wat]4 ,! ord9>y type ( draw or sw+ bridge1 to satisfy ?is requisition1 0 q out ( ! "q1 because ! ne$ to op5 ! bridge is v r>ely exp]i5c$1 & :5 ! dem& does arise1 ! "t occupi$ 9 ! op]ation is ( m9or importance4 ,heavy exp5diture "u ?is head+1 !re=e1 0 n ju/ifiable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bascules ,,be+ ,,l[]$ ,,by ,,cables ,,& ,,w9*es ,,f ,,ei!r ,,cliff-,,face ,illu/ration3 ,see page #cjb ,,! ,,bascules ,,l[]$1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,fr5* ,,eng9e]s ,,at ,,c5tre ,,mak+ ,,! ,,connection ,,erect+ ,,! ,,bascules ,,= ,,! ,,faux-,,namiti ,,bridge ,,on ,,! ,,yunnan ,,railway ,moreov]1 z native lab\r 0 to sup]9t5d ! "w ( op5+ & clos+ ! bridge1 ! simple/ arrangem5t possible 0 ess5tial1 &1 fur!rmore1 _h to be capable ( h& manipulation4 ,! design+ eng9e]s1 ,sir ,d\glas ,fox ,p>tn]s1 & ,sir ,*>les ,metcalfe1 ,b>t41 evolv$ an +5i\s solution4 ,on ! top ( two adjac5t pi]s c>ry+ ! span 9 its normal position1 a t[] 0 erect$ on ei!r side ( ! op5+1 ) two simple1 s+le1 v]tical racks on ei!r t[]4 ,at ! top ( ea* t[] a plat=m ext5d+ ! wid? ( ! bridge 0 provid$1 toge!r ) a l>ge sprocket :eel at ei!r end4 ,a *a9 pass$ ov] ea* sprocket :eel1 "o end be+ atta*$ to a corn] ( ! bridge1 & ! o!r to a heavy c\nt]weight4 ,to op5 ! bridge1 all t ! natives h to d is to w9d a w9* :i* rotates ! sprocket :eel1 & z ! c\nt]weight desc5ds ! :ole span rises v]tically & horizontally1 be+ guid$ 9 its movem5t by ! rack on ea* t[]4 ,! c\nt]weight is ! full wid? ( ! bridge1 & :5 ! span has be5 lift$ to its fulle/ ext5t ! c\nt]balance weight lies across ! track1 to =m a high b>ri] to any "o attempt+ to cross ! bridge :5 ! span is op54 ,x w be se5 t ! bridge acts on ! pr9ciple ( a sa% w9d[1 :]e ! sa% weight c\nt]balances ! weight ( ! mov+ portion1 & 9 lift+ only ! friction ( ! mov+ p>ts has to be ov]come4 ,to gu>d aga9/ disa/] f tamp]+ or misuse1 ! bridge1 :5 ei!r rais$ or l[]$1 is lock$4 ,to l[] ! bridge x is only necess>y to rev]se ! w9d+ direction ( ! w9*4 ,! span ( /eel mov$ 9 ?is mann] weighs #ee tons1 & ! :ole op]ation ( op5+ & clos+ occupies ab\t half-an-h\r1 eight m5 "u a native sup]9t5d5t suffic+ = ! movem5t ( ! w9*es4 ,x is an unusual type ( lift+ bridge1 b x is d\btful :e!r a simpl] & *eap] means ( meet+ ! situation c\ld h be5 devis$1 :ile ! ma9t5ance exp5ses--a vital consid]ation 9 su* a remote c\ntry--are r$uc$ to insignificance4 ,ab\t #ab miles out ( ,*iromo ! railway comm5ces a heavy climb1 z x has to ga9 a summit level ( #djjj feet to rea* ! plateau4 ,! asc5t is ?r\gh v tumbl$ c\ntry4 ,! rul+ grade is #a 9 #dd1 & ! m9imum curve is ( #cfc feet radius4 ,z ! valley w9ds amaz+ly1 ! l9e is a cont9uation ( curves w9d+ r\nd crags & bluffs4 ,"h & !re ! m\nta9 sides are torn by wide clefts t h _h to be spann$ by bridges1 :i* are support$ on /eel t[]s1 c>ri$ on p$e/als or pl9?s built ( concrete4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ bridges ( ?is class is t across ! ,m',swadzi ,riv]1 :i* is #bij feet long4 ,! ,ruo valley is left aft] ! #fd? mile is pass$1 & ! l9e makes a difficult & tortu\s asc5t along ! ,tu*ili ,riv] = ne>ly #aj miles1 :5 x sw+s ov] to ! ,lu*5za ,riv]1 :i* is foll[$ until ! summit level is ga9$1 #aji miles out ( ,port ,h]ald4 ,9 ! next #e miles a desc5t ( #ejj feet has to be made to ga9 ,blantyre4 ,?is is ! pres5t t]m9us ( ! railway1 ?\gh an ext5sion has be5 project$ nor?w>ds to ,=t ,john/on at ! head ( ,lake ,nyasa1 & ano!r limb s\?w>ds f ,port ,h]ald = #fj miles to ! ,portuguese t[n1 ,villa ,bocage1 ! head ( navigation on ! ,%ir ,riv]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! #aad miles !re is at pres5t only "o int]m$iate /ation ) an exi/+ t[n%ip1 at ,*iromo4 ,?ree o!r /ations h be5 provid$1 h[ev]1 9 ! anticipation t settlem5ts w spr+ up & blossom into t[ns z ! c\ntry op5s up4 ,con/ruction 0 sadly delay$ by ! difficulties 9 reg>d to lab\r4 ,! native prov$ an indiff]5t workman1 ! maxim be+ to accompli% z little "w 9 a day z possible4 ,!n1 :5 ! ra9y season--la/+ ab\t ?ree mon?s--set 91 ! :ole ( ! work+ =ce migrat$ f ! grade 9 a body to cultivate pat*es ( l&1 & 7 n se5 aga9 until ! wea!r *ang$4 ,! climate play$ sad havoc ) ! ,europeans :o v5tur$ to ! sc5e ( op]ations to sup]9t5d native ef=t1 & ! mortality f tropical diseases among ! :ites 0 v heavy4 ,9 ord] to protect :at ,european lab\r is requir$ 9 ! repair %ops & ! adm9i/ration (fices1 ! headqu>t]s h be5 e/abli%$ at ,limbi1 five miles f ,blantyre1 :]e ! full b5efit ( ! elevation is ga9$1 ?is po9t be+ at an altitude ( #djjj feet above ! sea1 & "o ( ! mo/ heal?y p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,an amus+ /ory is relat$ by ,sir ,brad=d ,leslie 9 connection ) ! con/ruction ( ! railway4 ,prior to ! comm5cem5t ( ?is und]tak+ lab\r 9 ! c\ntry 0 rew>d$ 9 clo?--!re 0 no money curr5cy1 & 9 fact ! natives knew no?+ ab\t co9age or its value4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ! l9e 0 comm5c$1 ! ,gov]nm5t insi/$ t ! natives %\ld n be remun]at$ 9 k9d1 b 9 ca%4 ,wages 7 paid once a mon?1 & ! natives imm$iately 7 urg$ by ,h9doo trad]s to transf] ! money = clo?4 ,! latt] play$ ^u ! native's ignorance ( money to di/9ct p]sonal advantage1 b ! natives _h to pay de>ly = _! goods4 ,moreov]1 !y came to ! conclusion t ! textiles !y receiv$ 9 ex*ange = _! ca% 7 inf]ior 9 quality to t giv5 to !m 9 direct settlem5t ( "w done4 ,consequ5tly1 !y assail$ ! eng9e] & compla9$ t 8 money 0 bad1 9 support ( :i* cont5tion !y display$ ! small quantity ( indiff]5t mat]ial !y receiv$ 9 ex*ange = _! wages4 ,!y c]ta9ly did n ev9ce a v m>k$ appreciation = ! railway company's sy/em ( pay+ = lab\r 9 /]l+4 ,al?\gh ! und]tak+ co/ m ?an _h be5 e/imat$1 ! results ju/ifi$ fully ! exp5diture1 = ! railway1 9 po9t ( con/ruction1 comp>es v fav\rably ) o!r l9es ( a simil> "* on ! cont95t4 ,! eng9e] 9 *>ge ( ! "w1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,g4 ,pe>s1 ov]came 8 unique difficulties 9 a highly satisfactory mann]1 & its completion 9 ab\t sev5 ye>s is a /rik+ tribute to 8 organisation & me?ods1 :ile ! unceas+ expansion ( ! c\ntry supports ! initiative ( ^? :o fa!r$ ! ent]prise4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,! ,,invasion ,,( ,,! ,,f> ,,ea/ ,i4--,e>ly ,days 9 ,*9a ,!re has be5 mu* discussion dur+ rec5t ye>s conc]n+ ! rem>kable awak5+ ( ,*9a 9 e ramification ( progress & indu/ry1 b )\t a d\bt ! mo/ wond]ful manife/ation ( ?is movem5t has be5 9 reg>d to railways4 ,9 #ahgj1 :5 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom 0 criss-cross$ ) no less ?an #ae1ecg miles ( ! iron road1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ?read$ ) #eb1ibb miles ( railway1 ! huge tract ( ,asiatic t]ritory kn[n z ! ,*9ese ,empire1 ( suffici5t area to absorb easily bo? ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,briti% ,isles1 & outnumb]+ ! comb9$ population ( ! two latt] nations by m ?an #f to #a1 did n possess #ajj y>ds ( ! /eel highway4 ,?is rem>kable /ate ( affairs 0 n due to lack ( ent]prise or initiative on ! "p ( f>-see+ f9anci]s & eng9e]s4 ,x 0 attributable directly to "o influ5ce--,fung ,%ui1 an unfa?omable & insurm\ntable difficulty--:i* ?w>t$ e attempt to br+ ! great nation on ! ea/]n bord]s ( ! ,pacific ,ocean into l9e ) o!r c\ntries4 ,! ,fl[]y ,l& is ridd5 ) my/]y1 sup]/ition1 & a religi\s fanaticism4 ,^! (f]$ an insurm\ntable b>ri] to developm5t 9 any =m4 ,! balance betwe5 ! 8,:ite ,tig]0 & ! 8,azure ,dragon10 two inscrutable =ces1 _h to be ma9ta9$ at all co/s1 & unless e memb] ( ! ,cele/ial community /rove to ma9ta9 ?is equipoise1 ! fates 9 /ore = him 7 beyond compreh5sion4 ,an ef=t to break ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,fung ,%ui 0 made 9 #ahge by a gr\p ( ,engli%m54 ,! firm ( ,messrs4 ,j>d9e1 ,ma!son ,company1 :o h l>ge int]e/s 9 ,*9a1 desir$ to connect ,%anghai to ,woosung ) #ab miles ( railway1 & !y secur$ ! s]vices ( ! late ,mr4 ,g4 ,j4 ,morrison1 an accompli%$ eng9e]1 to c>ry ! project to fulfilm5t4 ,great difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 secur+ ! requisite p]mission to proce$1 because ! ,*9ese ent]ta9$ a deep-root$ objection to ! invasion ( _! c\ntry by ! =eign]4 ,h[ev]1 ! application prov$ successful & ! l9e 0 built4 ,! op5+ ( ?is %ort road 0 receiv$ ) acclamation by ! l[] classes 9 close proximity to ! l9e4 ,!y exp]i5c$ a peculi> delight 9 travell+ 9 ! c>riages drawn by ! /eam horse1 & all 0 proce$+ m]rily4 ,! opposition ( ! ,*9ese to ! new-fangl$ idea _h be5 ov]come1 argu$ ! promot]s ( ! ent]prise1 & !y look$ =w>d to fur!r railway expansion4 ,b !y did n reckon ) ! (f5d$ opposition & ignorant ve/$ int]e/s1 z repres5t$ by influ5tial l&-own]s & high p]sonages4 ,! wra? ( ! gods 0 anticipat$ 9 no unc]ta9 mann]1 b z ?is did n appe> to h v5t spontane\sly1 ! oppon5ts resort$ to +5i\s me?ods to a*ieve _! desires4 ,!y induc$ a soldi] to ?r[ himself be=e an approa*+ tra91 "u ! promise ( a paym5t ( #ajj to 8 family4 ,! latt]1 possibly ent]ta9+ ! belief t ! pres5ce ( 8 body /ret*$ across ! metals might arre/ ! progress ( ! tra91 or at lea/ ?r[ x (f ! track1 )\t inflict+ injury ^u himself1 submitt$ to ! ordeal1 ) ! inevitable result4 ,he 0 kill$4 ,in/antly ! intrigu]s publi%$ ?is circum/ance z an in/ance ( ! int5se displeasure ( ! gods1 & ! c\ntryside rose up ) "o voice1 call+ = ! de/ruction ( ! innovation4 ,! agitation />tl$ ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,an inquiry 0 held ^u ! suicide1 & ! unanim\s v]dict 0 t ! l9e 0 unsafe4 ,x 0 condemn$ =?)4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ev5 w5t f>!r "u public pressure4 ,x pur*as$ ! railway1 lock1 /ock & b>rel1 at co/ price1 & turn$ x ov] to ! enrag$ populace to d ) x accord+ to _! incl9ations4 ,! fr5zi$ fanatics tore ! track up piecemeal1 ?rew ! roll+ /ock out ( ! c\ntry1 &1 to propitiate ! gods1 erect$ a temple to ! ,que5 ( ,heav5 ^u ! site select$ z ! t]m9us 9 ,%anghai4 ,! promot]s ( ! ill-/>r$ ent]prise retriev$ z mu* ( ! disc>d$ rema9s ( ! l9e z possible1 & transport$ !m to ! isl& ( ,=mosa = ano!r und]tak+4 ,su* 0 ! +lori\s end t befell ! fir/ attempt to introduce ,/eph5son's inv5tion into ! l& ( ! ,cele/ial4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 among ^? mo/ prom95t 9 ! opposition to ?is movem5t 0 ,li-,hung-,*ang1 subsequ5tly ,*9a's =emo/ & mo/ enlight5$ /atesman4 ,he _h sp>$ no ef=t to prev5t ! con/ruction ( ! fir/ railway1 & :5 x 0 complet$ he left no /one unturn$ to br+ ab\t its demolition4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 h[ev]1 he became conv]t$ to ! new me?od ( locomotion4 ,among ^? few ent]pris+ & enlight5$ ,*9ese g5tlem5 :o realis$ ! widespread advantages accru+ f ! adoption ( railways 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 & :o =esaw its possibilities 9 8 native l&1 0 ,g5]al ,tong-,k+-,s+4 ,he _h foll[$ ! ,%anghai-,woosung exp]im5t ) deep int]e/4 ,undet]r$ by ! fate :i* _h ov]:elm$ ! ef=t ( ,messrs4 ,j>d9e1 ,ma!son ,company1 he decid$ to build ano!r l9e1 b he took c>e fir/ to w9 ! mo/ p[]ful oppon5t to su* a movem5t to 8 side4 ,! ,g5]al 0 id5tifi$ ) a /eam%ip company :i* requir$ *eap coal4 ,li-,hung-,*ang1 !n ,vic]oy ( ,*i*li1 0 int]e/$ 9 "s colli]ies at ,tong%an1 "s #cj miles inl& f ! ne>e/ port at ,pehtang4 ,! ,g5]al approa*$ ! ,vic]oy1 & ! two1 ) ! aid ( "s o!r influ5tial fri5ds1 decid$ to exploit ! deposits4 ,b ! "q arose z to h[ ! coal c\ld be c>ri$ *eaply to ! coa/4 ,g5]al ,tong-,k+-,s+ ma9ta9$ t !re 0 no means ( transportation :i* c\ld compete ) ! railway1 & he skilfully won ! ,vic]oy r\nd to 8 side4 ,9 ?is mann] ! ,vic]oy 0 conv]t$ f an implacable enemy to a /r5u\s advocate ( railways4 ,!y approa*$ ! ,gov]nm5t = ! requisite p]mission1 & ! latt]1 impress$ possibly by ! great m5 associat$ ) ! ent]prise1 sanction$ ! project4 ,! prelim9>y arrangem5ts 7 hurri$ =w>d1 an ,engli%man1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,k9d]1 :o might be describ$ z ! ,fa!r ( ! ,railway 9 ,*9a1 be+ enli/$ z eng9e]-9-*ief4 ,be=e actual con/ructional "w 0 comm5c$1 h[ev]1 ! ,gov]nm5t--no d\bt ow+ to pressure--rep5t$ ( its action & )drew its approbation4 ,z a result ! company 7 =c$ to build a canal1 :i* 0 complet$ = "s miles1 b ! head ( ?is wat]way 0 "s #g miles f ! coal-pits4 ,f ! end ( ! canal to ! port1 ! ,gov]nm5t au?oris$ ! con/ruction ( a tramroad1 b x /ipulat$ t mules %\ld be employ$ exclusively = ! haulage ( ! trucks4 ,! company 0 =c$ to make ! mo/ ( ?is indiff]5t b>ga91 & s ! coal 0 transport$ f ! colli]ies to ! port "u v adv]se circum/ances4 ,^! sl[ me?ods1 h[ev]1 did n appeal to ! eng9e]1 & secretly he decid$ to effect an improvem5t4 ,he fa%ion$ a locomotive f ! be/ mat]ials he c\ld comm&1 a portable eng9e :i* 0 us$ at ! m9es be+ m\nt$ on a truck 9 su* a way z to secure self-propulsion4 ,?is 0 us$ = haulage betwe5 ! colli]ies & ! head ( ! canal4 ,z no ill results att5d$ its use1 ! ,gov]nm5t f9ally approv$ ( its utilisation4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds ! l9e z a railway 0 ext5d$ to ,ti5ts91 & op5$ = traffic 9 ,octob]1 #ahhh4 ,subsequ5tly ! railhead 0 pu%$ onw>ds to ,%an-,hai-,kuan4 ,f ! small #g-mile road ^u :i* ! ent]pris+ eng9e] surreptiti\sly plac$ a fe>some-look+ locomotive ! railway has spread its t5tacles ?r\gh\t ! ,*9ese ,empire1 ! orig9al road has be5 ext5d$1 & has effect$ connection ) o!r sy/ems1 giv+ communication 9 ! nor? ) ,mukd51 ,h>b9 & ! ,trans-,sib]ian railway4 ,! orig9al road is int5sely ,briti%1 bo? 9 its "* & op]ation4 ,x 0 built on ! ,engli% model1 & diff]$ greatly f ! usual class ( pione] railway4 ,! gradi5ts are easy & ! curves are ( wide radius4 ,at "o po9t ! location ( ! l9e ran ?r\gh two private cemet]ies1 b z ! graves ( ! ance/ors c\ld n be di/urb$ "u any consid]ations :atev]1 ! l9e _h to make a wide sw]ve to avoid ?is ob/ruction4 ,all ! mat]ials = ! railway 7 obta9$ f ,great ,brita91 & ! solidity ( ! con/ruction is an out/&+ feature4 ,e bridge is c>ri$ out ei!r 9 /eel1 concrete1 brick or /one1 :i*ev] 0 f\nd to be ! mo/ economical4 ,?is feature some:at surpris$ ,am]ican eng9e]s1 :o are accu/om$ to less durable "w 9 ! initial /ages1 especially z x did n appe> ju/ifiable 9 su* a fickle c\ntry z ,*9a4 ,! latt] 7 also a/oni%$ at ! l[ price at :i* ! requisite mat]ials 7 l&$ 9 ! c\ntry1 & ! fact t me*anical appliances c\ld n compete ) coolie lab\r 9 po9t ( *eapness4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! c\ntry trav]s$ at t "t 0 exce$+ly poor1 ! inhabitants exp]i5c+ a t]rible /ruggle to eke out a pitiable exi/5ce4 ,inde$1 ar\nd ,tong%an1 at ! "t ! railway made its appe>ance1 x 0 e/imat$ t ov] #ej1jjj natives di$ ( />vation 9 two mon?s4 ,:5 ! iron horse invad$ ?is t]ritory a *ange = ! bett] set 91 inasmu* z x (f]$ a ready & inexp5sive means ( convey+ ! produce f ! l& to m>ket4 ,"o piece ( eng9e]+ skill has always rank$ z a di/9ct wond] 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,?is is ! bridge ov] ! ,lan-ho1 #b1agj feet 9 l5g?1 9 :i* !re are #e spans ea* ( #bjj feet4 ,x 0 design$ by ! late ,sir ,b5jam9 ,bak]1 & ar\s$ int]e/ because ( its unusual design1 :i* 0 condemn$ sev]ely by ,am]ican eng9e]s4 ,?is fam\s bridge-build]1 h[ev]1 0 by no means cont5t to abide by hide-b\nd rules & regulations1 & ?\gh 9 ?is /ructure he dep>t$ f ! or?odox v decid$ly1 he =c$ 8 detractors to admit t ! bridge 0 absolutely safe1 & 0 able to meet any traffic t x 0 likely to be call$ ^u to be>4 ,ano!r feature compels att5tion4 ,j be=e rea*+ ,%an-,hai-,kuan1 ! l9e /rikes across a valley ab\t a mile 9 wid?4 ,"h !re is a bridge hav+ an op5+ ( "s #ajjj feet1 ?r\gh :i* a n>r[ /ream makes its way4 ,orig9ally ! track 0 c>ri$ ab\t #aj feet above ! floor ( ! valley1 b ! v next wet season caus$ ! small /ream to swell into a wide1 foam+ torr5t1 ris+ to #af feet above high wat]m>k1 & x swept ov] ! embankm5t l a mill-race4 ,:5 ! wat]s subsid$1 ! eng9e]s1 in/ead ( ov]haul+ _! e>?works1 l[]$ ! track to ! bottom ( ! valley1 s t no ob/ruction %\ld be (f]$ to future floods1 :ile ! road-b$ 0 protect$ by a pav+ ext5d+ = #ej feet on ei!r side1 ) bu%es plant$ on ! sup]impos$ e>?4 ,?is exp$i5t 0 f\nd to meet ! situation completely & to protect ! track f de/ruction by ! flood-wat]s1 :i* fall quickly aft] atta9+ _! highe/ level4 ,9 ! e>ly days ! tra9s con/itut$ a s\rce ( inf9ite amusem5t4 ,!y 7 :at are kn[n z 8mix$0 tra9s2 i4 e4 !y c>ri$ bo? pass5g]s & freight4 ,! pass5g] coa*es 7 ( v>y+ classes1 ! ,*9ese travell+ 9 long1 op5 trucks1 ) t>paul9s to protect !m f inclem5t wea!r4 ,! natives appe>$ to enjoy ?is exp]i5ce highly1 especially :5 ! tra9 atta9$ its maximum spe$ ( ab\t #be miles an h\r1 :i* !y admitt$ 0 quick] travell+ ?an by an animal-drawn c>t4 ,! :ole #ajj miles 7 cov]$ 9 ab\t #e h\rs1 includ+ /ops1 "s ( :i*1 at int]m$iate po9ts1 7 ( long duration4 ,at ^! po9ts1 h[ev]1 ! "t 0 :il$ away by wat*+ ! antics ( ! ,*9ese travell]s1 :o 7 sorely p]turb$ le/ ! /eam horse might />t be=e its s*$ul$ "t4 ,?is initial trunk l9e play$ an important educational "p 9 ! railway expansion ( ,*9a1 & ! co/ ( travell+ 0 cut d[n to ! l[e/ figure4 ,! fir/-class f>e = ! :ole di/ance 0 #es4 #e;d41 or #a4cj = #ajj miles1 :i*1 9 comp>ison ) ! scale prevail+ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w = simil> accommodation1 0 absurdly *eap4 ,! ,*9ese at fir/ reg>d$ ! railway ) *ildi% delight1 ^? :o c\ld af=d ! exp5se travell+ to & fro = ! m]e pleasure ( travell+4 ,consequ5tly1 x is n surpris+ t ! railway soon e/abli%$ itself 9 popul> fav\r4 ,inde$1 res5tm5t f ! e>lie/ days _h proce$$ only f ! upp] classes2 ! peasants hail$ x ) unfeign$ pleasure4 ,accord+ly1 z railway expansion set 91 any opposition t 0 enc\nt]$ 0 fo/]$ by ignorant1 affect$1 weal?y int]e/s4 ,aft] ,li-,hung-,*ang became a /aun* fri5d ( ! new means ( travel1 he e/abli%$ 8 own ways ( deal+ ) opposition1 :i* 7 peculi>ly ,*9ese4 ,on "o railway :i* he support$1 traffic 0 int]rupt$ frequ5tly by displac$ rails & sleep]s4 ,:5 he1 9 8 (ficial capacity1 s\ght to asc]ta9 ! reason = su* di/urbance1 he 0 in=m$ t x 0 due to ! spirits1 :o res5t$ its intrusion4 ,he made no reply to ?is +5u\s reply1 b h9t$ t if he caught ! spirits int]f]+ ) ! l9e1 x w\ld g h>d ) !m4 ,ne$less to say1 no fur!r tr\ble 0 exp]i5c$ on t l9e 9 reg>d to breaks 9 ! track4 ,)9 ! pa/ few ye>s sev]al mom5t\s railway und]tak+s h be5 c>ri$ to successful conclusion1 & to-day !re is fev]i% activity 9 cov]+ ! empire ) ! iron ?read on e h&4 ,=emo/ among ^! ent]prises are ! ,%anghai-,nank+1 ! ,pek9-,kalgan1 & ! ,canton-,k[loon l9es4 ,railways1 inde$1 are be+ driv5 ?r\gh ! c\ntry by v>i\s int]e/s & nations1 includ+ ,briti%1 ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,belgian1 ,fr5*1 ,portuguese & ,g]man4 ,9 fact1 !re is spirit$ competition among ! v>i\s p[]s to br+ ab\t ! complete conque/ ( ! ,cele/ial ,k+dom by ! iron road4 ,al?\gh ! initial v5ture 9 reg>d to introduc+ ! railway into ,*9a _h be5 s disa/r\s1 ,messrs4 ,j>d9e1 ,ma!son ,company 7 by no means det]r$4 ,!y wait$ a fav\rable opportunity be=e repeat+ _! exp]im5t4 ,x came tw5ty-?ree ye>s aft] _! fir/ ill-/>r$ adv5ture1 = 9 #ahih !y receiv$ p]mission to connect ,pek9 ) ,nank+ by rail1 a di/ance ( "s #bjj miles1 toge!r ) o!r ent]prises ( a simil> "*4 ,?is railway 0 und]tak5 by a gr\p ( f9anci]s kn[n z ! ,briti% ,*9ese ,corporation1 & !y c>ri$ ! fir/ "p ( ! s*eme ?r\gh to success4 ,! arrangem5t 0 drawn up t ?is l9e %\ld co9cide 9 e p>ticul> ) a typical fir/-class ,european railway1 & ?is has be5 secur$ to ! /rict lett] ( ! agreem5t4 ,inde$1 x /&s z ! f9e/-built l9e 9 ,*9a4 ,x prov$ an exp5sive und]tak+1 due 9 a great measure to ! solidity ( ! con/ructional "w1 b ! policy has be5 well repaid4 ,! railway s]ves a weal?y di/rict1 :]e ! possibilities ( expansion are ext5sive1 = ! t]ritory is ri* 9 all res\rces4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ?is l9e includes ! /ret* ( #ab miles betwe5 ,%anghai & ,woosung :i* x 0 attempt$ to connect by ! iron road 9 #ahge1 & :i* ! natives tore up & de/roy$ 9 an unc]emoni\s mann]4 ,! promot]s ( t ent]prise may be said to h a*iev$ a sweet rev5ge1 especially z 8,fung ,%ui0 does n appe> to h be5 p]turb$ by ! second attempt to set ! ,tig] & ,dragon at v>iance4 ,?is l9e is :at is kn[n z a 8fa/ road02 t is1 ow+ to its comp>atively easy alignm5t1 !re be+ sev]al /ret*es ( /raight road1 :ile ! track is well balla/$1 x is fav\rable to high spe$s4 ,inde$1 on ! op5+ day1 ! special tra9 :i* travell$ ov] ! l9e ) privileg$ gue/s cov]$ ! #aic miles 9 #e h\rs1 not)/&+ t on ! la/ #be miles ! spe$ _h to be dropp$ to a maximum ( #be miles p] h\r1 z ! road _h n be5 balla/$ ?or\ghly4 ,on "s portions ( ! l9e ! tra9 not*$ a spe$ ( #eg miles an h\r1 & app>5tly 0 appreciat$ greatly by ! ,*9ese gue/s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,! ,,invasion ,,( ,,! ,,f> ,,ea/ ,,ii4--,mod]n ,developm5ts 9 ,*9a & ,japan ,! ,*9ese1 once !y 7 awak5$ to ! possibilities ( ! railway1 7 n cont5t to p]mit _! c\ntry to be cov]$ ) =eign-built l9es4 ,!y decid$ to become active p>ticipators 9 ! movem5t--9 o!r words1 !y acquir$ all ! k !y c\ld1 & !n und]took con/ructional eng9e]+4 ,_! aptitude = ?is "w f9ds an excell5t expression 9 ! ,pek9-,kalgan railway1 #abe miles 9 l5g?4 ,?is road 0 built ?r\gh\t by ,*9ese ef=t1 ! eng9e]-9-*ief be+ ,8 ,excell5cy ,*ang-,ti5-,y[1 :o is to-day ! =emo/ ,*9ese eng9e] 9 ?is field 9 ,*9a4 ,he 0 educat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e he acquir$ valuable k conc]n+ ?is bran* ( eng9e]+1 & complet$ 8 tra9+ "u ,mr4 ,k9d]1 ! build] ( ! olde/ railway 9 ! ,cele/ial ,k+dom4 ,! road is excell5tly built1 & ! eng9e] display$ 8 +5uity 9 cop+ ) ! problem ( c>ry+ ! l9e ?r\gh ! ,nank[ ,pass4 ,?is pass gu>ds ! entrance ( ! ma9 road ?r\gh ! ,great ,wall1 & to ov]come ! ob/ruction a gradi5t ( #a 9 #cj _h to be introduc$ = a di/ance ( #ac miles4 ,at ! foot ( ! pass ?ree ,mallet locomotives ( ,briti% con/ruction are ma9ta9$1 & !y crawl to ! summit ( ! pass1 at an altitude ( ab\t #a1ejj feet1 9 two h\rs--a spe$ ( ab\t #f miles an h\r4 ,! alignm5t ( ! railway up ?is pass is notewor?y4 ,! road cl+s = ! mo/ "p to ! side ( ! m\nta9s1 cross+ deep rifts & wide clefts1 z well z cutt+ ?r\gh spurs & humps & compass+ massive crags4 ,f\r tunnels 7 f\nd to be unavoidable1 "o1 #c1ehj feet 9 l5g?1 burr[+ #bjj feet b5ea? ! ,great ,wall4 ,:5 ! summit is ga9$1 ! railway ent]s a flat plateau1 ! only difficulty "h1 z on ! flats ar\nd ,pek91 be+ ! pres]vation ( ! road f ! attacks ( floods4 ,t ?is is no slight factor is prov$ f ! fact t 9 ! vic9ity ( ,pek9 a wa%-out :i* ov]:elm$ ! l9e co/ no less ?an1 #cb1jjj1 or #afj1jjj1 to repair4 ,! completion ( ! "w1 h[ev]1 (f]s conv9c+ te/imony t ! ,*9ese1 "u compet5t sup]vision1 are p]fectly capable ( build+ railways )\t ! aid ( =eign]s1 & t no fault c be f\nd ) _! "w s f> z solidity & durability are conc]n$4 ,= c5turies ! ,*9ese h be5 fam$ = _! pr[ess 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to civil eng9e]+4 ,at times ?is skill pursues a qua9t c\rse1 b probably ! mo/ extraord9>y illu/ration 0 9 connection ) ! ,%anghai-,nang*[-,n+po railway4 ,by an imp]ial edict a ,*9ese (ficial 0 appo9t$ z eng9e]-9-*ief4 ,at "o po9t x 0 necess>y to ?r[ a bridge across a riv]4 ,h[ x 0 to be accompli%$ pass$ ! compreh5sion ( ! eng9e]4 ,b he evolv$ a solution :i*1 to say ! lea/1 w\ld be difficult to equal 9 orig9ality4 ,he built ! bridge on dry l&1 on "o bank ( ! riv]4 ,:5 ?is 0 complet$ satisfactorily1 he div]t$ ! wat]way1 s t ! riv] ran b5ea? ! bridge ?r\gh a new1 specially-built *annel1 & ! old "o 0 fill$ up6 ,9 ano!r in/ance1 :]e a simil> situation pres5t$ itself1 a pi] 9 ! c5tre ( ! wat]way became necess>y4 ,! riv] ran swiftly & ! wat] 0 deep4 ,! eng9e] knew no?+ ab\t c(f]-dams1 caissons1 or o!r me?ods :i* ! =eign eng9e] w\ld h adopt$4 ,z ! m5 c\ld n "w on dry l& to build ! bridge1 he proce$$ to provide !m ) ?is requisition4 ,hundr$s ( tons ( spoil 7 dump$ into ! riv] at ! po9t :]e ! pi] 0 to be erect$ until an isl& 0 =m$1 & on ?is ! necess>y con/ructional "w 0 c>ri$ out4 ,possibly ! greate/ & "o ( ! mo/ important l9es1 h[ev]1 is ! ,pek9-,hank[ railway1 :i* is #gfj miles 9 l5g?1 & :i* ev5tually w be an important l9k 9 ! great road t is "u con/ruction1 :]eby ?r\gh communication w be provid$ f ,k[loon via ,canton1 ,hank[1 ,pek91 ,mukd5 & ,h>b9 to ! ,trans-,sib]ian railway4 ,?is l9e 0 c>ri$ out ) ,belgian & ,fr5* money = ! mo/ "p1 & #e1jjj1jjj1 or #be1jjj1jjj1 0 sunk 9 ! ent]prise4 ,! und]tak+ 0 comm5c$ 9 #aijj1 b ! ,box] ,rebellion int]f]$ s]i\sly ) its progress4 ,! insurrectioni/s exp5d$ _! full fury ^u ! railway1 & inflict$ damage to ! value ( ne>ly #a1jjj1jjj1 or #e1jjj1jjj1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 paid ov] by ! ,gov]nm5t z comp5sation4 ,x has be5 built *eaply1 & does n comp>e1 9 po9t ( solidity1 ) ! ,engli%-built l9es4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 !re are "s out/&+ eng9e]+ a*ievem5ts4 ,! mo/ important is ! bridge across ! ,yell[ ,riv]1 :i* consi/s ( #ajb spans1 giv+ a total l5g? ( ne>ly #b miles4 ,x prov$ a p>ticul>ly try+ /ructure to erect1 ow+ to ! trea*]\s "* ( ! riv]-b$1 :ile ! sc\r+ action ( ! wat]1 :i* is p>ticul>ly sev]e1 dem&$ elaborate protective works ar\nd ! bottom ( ! pi]s4 ,aft] v>i\s s*emes 7 tri$ & _h prov$ futile1 l>ge mattresses ( bru%wood int]wov5 ) ru%es 7 fa%ion$1 & laid ar\nd ! feet ( ! pi]s1 hundr$s ( tons ( heavy pieces ( /one be+ dump$ on ^! to keep !m 9 position4 ,?is has be5 f\nd m or less successful to prev5t ! s(t silt f be+ wa%$ away1 & to protect ! supports to ! bridge f be+ und]m9$4 ,! /ructure1 h[ev]1 is sc>cely /rong en\gh = heavy traffic1 & consequ5tly tra9s ^u arrival at ! ends ( ! bridge h ! l>ge locomotives unc\pl$1 & are drawn across ! riv] by special light eng9es reta9$ = ! purpose4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important l9es f ! comm]cial po9t ( view1 h[ev]1 is ! ,canton-,k[loon railway /ret*+ f ,k[loon1 9 ,briti% t]ritory1 to ! busy c5tre ( ,canton1 & !nce cont9u$ nor?w>d to ,hank[ to provide connection ) ! o!r great sy/ems ( ! c\ntry1 & also ) ,europe by means ( ! ,trans-,sib]ian railway4 ,?is project has pass$ ?r\gh _m vicissitudes4 ,! ,briti% ,*9ese ,corporation receiv$ (ficial sanction to build a road betwe5 ,canton & ,k[loon z f> back z #ahih1 b ! project became %elv$4 ,an ,am]ican syndicate1 :i* _h secur$ ! concession to connect ,canton ) ,hank[1 ass]t$ t !y _h secur$ rights to c>ry ! l9e f ! =m] po9t to ! coa/4 ,su* action w\ld h dealt a s]i\s bl[ to ,briti% comm]cial supremacy1 & ! money 0 subscrib$ to buy out ! ,am]ican concession1 :i* 9 ! meantime _h be5 sold to a ,belgian syndicate1 & rega9$4 ,! section betwe5 ,k[loon & ,canton1 #ajj miles 9 l5g?1 0 divid$4 ,! ,hong-,kong ,gov]nm5t 0 held responsible = ! #bc miles ?r\gh ,briti% t]ritory1 :ile ! balance ( ! l9e ?r\gh ,*9ese t]ritory 0 c>ri$ out by ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,engli% section prov$ trem5d\sly difficult4 ,! c\ntry trav]s$ 0 exce$+ly r\gh & m\nta9\s4 ,! difficulties enc\nt]$ prov$ s abnormal t ! co/ ( ! und]tak+ has exce$$ ! orig9al e/imates by ne>ly #aej p] c5t4 ,"s idea ( ! ardu\s "* ( ! "w may be ga!r$ f ! fact t ne>ly #b out ( ! #bc miles 9 ,briti% t]ritory are repres5t$ by tunnels4 ,! mo/ ardu\s ent]prise ( ?is class 0 ! ,beacon ,hill tunnel1 #gjjj feet 9 l5g?1 driv5 ?r\gh ! he>t ( ! m\nta9 ridge t rises up #c miles f ! coa/4 ,! tunnel is p]fectly /raight1 & ranks z ! l>ge/ "w ( its type 9 ! ,*9ese ,empire4 ,x is driv5 ?r\gh a dep? ( dis9tegrat$ granite on ei!r approa*1 :]e heavy timb]+ became necess>y until ! solid rock 0 ga9$4 ,wat] 0 enc\nt]$ & gave consid]able tr\ble4 ,at fir/ lab\r 0 a s]i\s problem1 z ! natives c\ld n be induc$ to toil und]gr\nd1 & coolies _h to be import$ f ,india4 ,aft] ! "w 0 well />t$1 ,*9ese lab\r]s1 :o _h be5 work+ on ! ,s\? ,african gold-fields & _h return$ home1 7 available1 & prov$ highly useful workm51 especially :5 ! wre/le comm5c$ ) ! h>d1 solid rock4 ,! tunnell+ task1 h[ev]1 0 equall$ by ! "w 9 ! cuts & on ! fills4 ,"s ( ! cutt+s are ( enorm\s dep?1 & ! eng9e]s h _h to gu>d aga9/ ! dang] ( heavy l&slides1 :i*1 ) wa%-outs1 are two ( ! greate/ m5aces to ! railway 9 ,*9a4 ,heavy e>?works 7 requir$1 because ! l9e foll[s r\ghly ! coa/-l9e1 :i* is s]rat$1 & to pres]ve alignm5t x 0 necess>y to /rike /raight across ^! ind5tations :]e ! wat] 9 _m places prov$ to be v deep4 ,! trea*]\s "* ( ! sea-b$1 :i* = ! mo/ "p is a silt1 dem&$ ! provision ( massive f\ndations ^u :i* to raise ! grade1 & mon?s 7 exp5d$ :ile a huge fleet ( junks dump$ hundr$s ( tons ( rock into ! wat]4 ,occasionally ! "w z complet$ 0 wa%$ out by heavy ra9s1 :ile n[ & aga9 ! typhoon left evid5ces ( its wra?4 ,a noticeable feature 9 ! grad+ 0 ! am\nt ( "w p]=m$ by wom51 :o _h rec\rse to _! native basket slung on a pole = ! conveyance ( excavat$ e>? to ! fills4 ,! railway1 h[ev]1 has be5 built ^u ! mo/ solid l9es1 & al?\gh its co/ has prov$ s high1 ! money appe>s to h be5 exp5d$ to advantage4 ,! traffic1 al?\gh n s ext5sive z x w be1 is increas+ promis+ly1 & !re is no d\bt t :5 ,hank[ is rea*$ a heavy volume ( bus9ess w fl[ ov] ?is highway4 ,! ,*9ese are proce$+ ) _! section1 & x is anticipat$ t n _m ye>s w elapse be=e ! two po9ts are connect$4 ,! ,fr5* eng9e]s are erect+ monum5ts to _! railway eng9e]+ skill 9 ! ,fl[]y ,l&1 ! prov9ce ( ,yun-nan be+ ! c5tre ( _! activity4 ,! ,yun-nan railway exp]i5c$ a v *equ]$ c>e] ?r\gh its e>ly /ages1 = 9 endeav\r+ to connect ! ,fr5* possession ( ,lao-,*ay ) ,yun-nan-,s51 ! capital ( ! prov9ce1 !y _h to break d[n enorm\s ob/acles4 ,! c\ntry is exce$+ly m\nta9\s1 ! height ( ! ridges be+ p>allel$ by ! dep? & precipit\s nature ( ! gorges4 ,/ill ! heavy & ext5sive bridg+ necess>y prov$ no det]r5t to ! ,fr5* bridge-build]s1 :o are ma/]s 9 ?is art1 z ! _m rem>kable /ructures 9 ,france te/ify conclusively4 ,! "o factor to be fe>$ s]i\sly 0 ! climate4 ,?is corn] ( ,*9a is "o ( ! mo/ unsalubri\s 9 ! :ole empire4 ,ev5 ! natives _c )/& x1 & _! ranks are decimat$ heavily by tropical diseases4 ,! lab\r "q 0 "o ( ev]la/+ p]plexity1 & ! promot]s ( ! ent]prise f\nd t skill$ workm51 ev5 ( nor? ,*9a1 ev9c$ no desire to contribute to a di/+ui%+ feat amid su* miasmatic surr\nd+s4 ,! abs5ce ( transport facilities hit ! und]tak+ sorely1 & ! eng9e]s 7 compell$ to make ! be/ avail !y c\ld ( ! exi/+ vehicles ( conveyance--mules & ! heads ( natives4 ,! mo/ difficult section ( ! l9e 0 9 ! valley ( ! ,namiti4 ,"h x 0 a /]n fight = supremacy ) physical ob/acles = mile aft] mile4 ,! weight & dim5sions ( e article _h to be re/rict$ )9 sev]e limits to facilitate h&l+ & c>riage by ! primitive sy/ems extant1 & :5 ! "q compris$ ! compon5t p>ts ( /eel bridges1 ! problem dem&$ se>*+ delib]ation4 ,x 0 f\nd1 h[ev]1 t ! mules c\ld h&le weights up to ab\t #fjj p\nds1 & t ! natives c\ld /ruggle along ) loads v>y+ betwe5 #bjj & #cjj p\nds1 b nei!r man nor bea/ c\ld cope ) any?+ exce$+ #g feet 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,faux-,,namiti ,,bridge ,,complet$ ,! /ructure1 #bbj feet long1 spans a w$ge-%ap$ fissure & is #cej feet above ! wat]4 ,! bridge is approa*$ on ei!r side ?r\gh a tunnel4 ,,railway ,,build+ ,,9 ,,*9a ,su* h&icaps w\ld appe> to militate aga9/ ! a*ievem5t ( any />tl+ eng9e]+ p]=mances4 ,yet1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! ,fr5* eng9e]s display$ a /rik+ in/ance ( _! rem>kable +5uity & capacity to meet awkw>d situations4 ,! ,namiti gorge disput$ ! progress ( ! l9e4 ,x is a deep1 wide1 ,v-%ap$ fissure1 "o side dropp+ d[n p]p5dicul>ly = sev]al hundr$ feet4 ,! l9e pi]c$ its way ?r\gh "o bluff1 & _h to jump across ! rift to ent] ! opposite wall ( rock4 ,x 0 a matt] ( #bjj feet across1 & ! rail-level _h to be c>ri$ #cjj feet above ! riv] bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,l9e ,,skirt+ ,,! ,,sea%ore ,,ne> ,,okitsu1 ,,tokaido1 ,,on ,,! ,,japanese ,,gov]nm5t ,,railways ,! situation dem&$ a novel solution4 ,erection by false-"w 0 out ( ! "q1 z also 0 a cantilev] bridge2 &1 aga91 ! "q ( transport+ ! mat]ial to ! site _h to be borne 9 m9d4 ,monsieur ,georges ,bod91 ! presid+ eng9e] ( ! ,p>isian ,socit de ,con/ruction des ,batignolles1 h[ev]1 rose to ! occasion1 & evolv$ an unusual type ( bridge1 & at ! same "t elaborat$ a novel me?od ( c>ry+ out its erection4 ,! bridge consi/s ( two ess5tial p>ts =m+ leaves1 or bascules4 ,:5 set 9 position !y h ! appe>ance ( a widely-op5$1 inv]t$ ,v4 ,to c>ry out ! task ( erection1 fir/ a %elf 0 excavat$ 9 ea* cliff-face at ! requisite height to c>ry ! an*orages bel[ ! tunnel-m\?s ov]look+ ! gap4 ,! top memb]s ( ea* bascule 7 rivet$ up1 laid v]tically flat aga9/1 & fix$ firmly to1 ! cliff-faces4 ,f ?is f\ndation ea* bascule 0 complet$4 ,:ile ! mantl+ ( ! /eel-"w 0 progress+1 o!r gangs 7 busy at "w cutt+ out l>ge ni*es 9 ! cliff-face1 "s height above ! tunnel portals1 & on ^! plat=ms p[]ful w9*es 7 erect$4 ,ea* ( ^! c>ri$ heavy *a9s measur+ #ijj feet 9 l5g?4 ,! transport ( ?is ess5tial piece ( tackle 0 int]e/+4 ,l>ge gangs ( coolies 7 dispos$ 9 ,indian file #g feet ap>t1 & ! *a9s 7 trail$ ov] _! %\ld]s l a gigantic s]p5t4 ,9 ?is way !y w\nd ar\nd crags1 climb$ /eep bluffs & ?read$ n>r[ defiles = "s #ac miles4 ,^! *a9s 7 pass$ ar\nd ! w9*es & ! out] ends 7 atta*$ to ! upp] po9ts ( ! bascules4 ,:5 ea* bascule 0 complet$ x 0 p9n$ firmly to its an*orage1 ! la%+s secur+ ea* leaf ( /eel to ! rock face 7 knock$ away1 & ! two arms 7 held m]ely by ! *a9s4 ,gangs ( coolies 7 /ation$ at ea* w9* "u ! sup]vision ( a ,fr5* eng9e]1 & at ! ^w ( comm& ! *a9s 7 sl[ly paid out1 caus+ ! bascules to heel ov] t[>ds "o ano!r4 ,c>e _h to be ex]cis$ t ! l[]+ proce$$ ev5ly f ei!r side until ! two arms met at a po9t4 ,workm5 !n sw>m$ up ! arm on ei!r side & rapidly drove 9 ! p9s & rivets :i* secur$ ! two leaves firmly 9 position4 ,! :ole task ( l[]+ & secur+ took only f\r h\rs1 :i* 0 a notewor?y a*ievem5t4 ,two %ort /eel t[]s 7 n[ erect$ on ! haun*es1 or c5tral "p ( ea* bascule1 to support ! /eel deck ( ! bridge1 ! memb]s ( :i* 7 br\ght up to ! m\? ( ! tunnel & laun*$ by be+ pull$ out ov] roll]s4 ,) ! spann+ ( ! ,namiti gorge1 ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! railway l9e 0 complet$4 ,:5 ! ent]prise 0 und]tak5 x 0 comput$ t ! railway c\ld be complet$ = #c1hdj1jjj1 or #ai1bjj1jjj1 b by ! "t ?is gorge 0 spann$ a revision 9 ! e/imates %[$ t ! co/ w\ld approa* #f1fbj1jjj1 or #cc1ajj1jjj4 ,9 ,japan1 ! /rides 9 railway developm5t )9 a comp>atively few ye>s h be5 q z notable z 9 ,*9a4 ,9 ! =m] c\ntry1 h[ev]1 ! conv]sion f primitive means ( communication to /eam locomotion comm5c$ at an e>li] date1 & 0 att5d$ ) great] success4 ,z 9 ,*9a1 ! railway invasion ( ,japan 0 fa!r$ by an ,engli%man1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,n4 ,lay1 :o visit$ ,tokio z a gue/ ( ! !n ,briti% ,m9i/]1 ! late ,sir ,h>ry ,p>kes1 9 #ahfi4 ,he approa*$ ! ,gov]nm5t & /at$ t he 0 prep>$ to furni% ! funds necess>y to comm5ce ! railway conque/ ( ! c\ntry4 ,he made 8 (f] at a peculi>ly appropriate mom5t4 ,! milit>y reg5cy :i* _h rul$ ! c\ntry = s _m c5turies _h drawn to a close1 & ! new ,gov]nm5t welcom$ ! proposal4 ,=emo/ among ! support]s ( ! project 7 ! pres5t ,c\nt ,okuma & ! late ,pr9ce ,ito4 ,mr4 ,lay und]took to raise a loan (2 #a1jjj1jjj1 or #e1jjj1jjj1 & ?is 0 accept$1 :ile ,mr4 ,lay 0 entru/$ ) ! c>ry+ out ( ! s*eme4 ,! promot] ( ! ent]prise secur$ ! s]vices ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,morell z eng9e]-9-*ief1 & 9 #ahgj ! "w comm5c$4 ,b friction arose betwe5 ! ,engli% capitali/ & ! ,gov]nm5t1 :o did n approve ( ! f9anci]'s me?ods4 ,! agreem5t 0 nullifi$1 & ! ,ori5tal ,bank 0 e/abli%$ to c>ry out ! und]tak+1 ,mr4 ,morell be+ reta9$ 9 8 eng9e]+ capacity4 ,he set to "w 9 grim e>ne/4 ,! "q ( gauge _h to be settl$ fir/4 ,?is vital detail 0 ?re%$ out 9 all its be>+s1 a gauge ( #c feet 0 select$1 & ! build+ ( ! fir/ l9e betwe5 ,tokio & ,yokohama--a di/ance ( #ah miles--comm5c$4 ,once ! fa%ion+ ( ! grade began1 o!r s*emes 7 put =w>d4 ,among !m 0 a l9e f ,kobe to ,osaka1 a di/ance ( #bj miles1 :i* 0 put 9 h&1 :ile an ext5sion ( ! latt] l9e to ,otsu 0 survey$4 ,! fir/ railway 9 ! c\ntry 0 op5$ on ,octob] #ad1 #ahgb1 amid elaborate fe/ivities1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,emp]or4 ,)9 six ye>s ( ,mr4 ,morell's arrival1 no less ?an #gj miles ( l9e _h be5 laid & op5$4 ,?is 0 a highly satisfactory & en]getic />t = a "y c\ntry1 & ! success ( ! exp]im5t spurr$ ! ,gov]nm5t to m ambiti\s s*emes4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 7 doom$ to tempor>y d]angem5t ow+ to int]nal tr\bles1 & ! rebellion 9 ,s\? ,japan 9 #ahgg1 :i* dra9$ ! imp]ial ex*equ] to su* a degree t no funds 7 available = railway-build+ op]ations4 ,among ^! e>ly ent]prises 0 a trans-insul> railway to connect ! ,pacific coa/ ( ! isl& ) ! %ores ( ! ,sea ( ,japan1 ) f]ry-/eam]s on ,lake ,biwa to connect ! inl& break 9 ! railways due to t %eet ( wat]4 ,by ?is "t ! ,japanese eng9e]s consid]$ !mselves compet5t to build railways1 = !y _h prov$ apt pupils "u ,mr4 ,morell's tra9+4 ,native tal5t f\nd its fir/ opportunity on ! ,kioto-,otsu und]tak+4 ,?is 0 a peculi>ly difficult ent]prise1 b ! ,japanese eng9e]s rose to ! occasion1 ?\gh ,engli% eng9e]s 7 reta9$ to advise !m & to design ! bridges4 ,on ?is l9e tunnell+ _h to be c>ri$ out1 & ?is 0 ! fir/ occasion on :i* ! ,japanese eng9e]s 7 fac$ ) ?is "w 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,/ill !y succe$$ 9 comply+ ) ! orig9al plans to p]fect satisfaction1 & _h ! pleasure ( le>n+1 :5 ! road 0 op5$ 9 #ahhj1 t ! co/ ( con/ruction 0 less ?an ! e/imates4 ,! completion ( ?is und]tak+ m>k$ ! decad5ce ( ! =eign eng9e] 9 railway-build+ 9 ,japan4 ,native eng9e]s 7 f\nd to be capable ( fulfill+ ! difficult position ( assi/ants1 & consequ5tly only a few ,briti% eng9e]s 7 reta9$ 9 ! capacity ( advis]s or consultants4 ,private ent]prise also ent]$ ! field1 & num]\s s*emes 7 sanction$4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! ,nippon ,railway ,company1 organis$ ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ! late ,pr9ce ,iwakura1 a /rong advocate ( railway expansion1 ma9ly = ! purpose ( assi/+ ! pe]s to secure a pr(itable inve/m5t4 ,x took sev]al ye>s ( ard5t campaign+ to enli/ ! sympa?y ( ! latt] 9 su* a project1 b at la/ !y fell victims to ! ,pr9ce's p]suasion1 & ! ,nippon ,railway ,company 0 born4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,/rik+ ,,example ,,( ,,japanese ,,railway ,,eng9e]+ ,! conque/ ( ! ,usui ,pass1 %[+ heavy tunnell+ & ! rack rail 9 ! c5tre ( ! track4 ,?is company project$ ! build+ ( no less ?an #eaj miles ( railway4 ,! two greate/ contributions to ?is s*eme 7 ! ,tokio-,takasaki railway1 on :i* ! ,gov]nm5t gu>ante$ a pr(it ( #h p] c5t4 = t5 ye>s1 & ! ,tokio-,s5dai section1 gu>ante$ simil>ly = fifte5 ye>s4 ,num]\s o!r private companies foll[$1 _m ( :i* receiv$ lib]al ,gov]nm5t subsidies4 ,b :ile private initiative 0 display+ consid]able en]gy1 ! ,gov]nm5t railway ent]prise slack5$1 & ?reat5$ to collapse1 until ,pr9ce ,yamagata propos$ t trunk l9es %\ld be laid along all ! ma9 r\tes ( ! c\ntry1 :5 ! movem5t receiv$ a fre% impetus4 ,?us 9 #ahhc !re 0 r5ew$ national activity 9 con/ruction1 & al?\gh _m ( ^! und]tak+s 7 beset ) difficulties ( a physical "*1 !y 7 pu%$ ?r\gh to completion4 ,illu/ration3 ,copyright1 #aiaa1 ,kis] ,photo ,co41 = ,spokane1 ,portl& ,seattle ,railway ,see page #caj ,,two ,,railways ,,rac+ ,,to ,,! ,,pacific ,,coa/ ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,des*utes ,,riv] ,,canyon ,! ,hill l9e describes a horse%oe curve on "o side ( ! riv]1 foll[+ ! wat]way4 ,! ,h>riman l9e1 on ! opposite side ( ! riv]1 tunnels ?r\gh ! project+ tongue ( rock4 ,"o ( ! mo/ notable ( ^! e>ly a*ievem5ts 0 ! ,takasaki-,naoyetsu l9e1 :i* 0 comm5c$ orig9ally to facilitate ! transportation ( con/ructional mat]ial = ano!r road4 ,! eng9e]s 7 baulk$ by ! ,usui ,pass1 & ?is gap 0 left op51 ! two sections on ei!r side ( ! range be+ op5$ = traffic 9 #ahhg4 ,! int]v5+ division 0 und]tak5 subsequ5tly1 be+ def]r$ f "t to "t 9 ! hope t an easi] location ?an _h be5 plott$ w\ld be f\nd4 ,?\gh ! eng9e]s se>*$ ! m\nta9s dilig5tly1 !y fail$ to secure any improvem5t free f heavy "w1 & at la/ ! m\nta9 division 0 tak5 9 h&4 ,! grades 7 s /eep1 h[ev]1 t ! rack _h to be introduc$1 ! ,abt sy/em be+ select$4 ,! eng9e]s f\nd ?is section p>ticul>ly try+1 z !y _h to drive no less ?an #bf tunnels ?r\gh m\nta9 spurs 9 a di/ance ( #g miles1 :ile ! deep clefts 9 ! m\nta9's flanks call$ = massive masonry bridges4 ,?is "w1 h[ev]1 0 complet$ 9 #ahic1 & x s]v$ to provide ?r\gh communication betwe5 ,tokio & ,naoyetsu4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! iron road ev] has made su* a ph5om5al gr[? 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w )9 a %ort "t z has *>act]is$ its developm5t 9 ! ,ea/4 ,9 ,*9a !re 0 n a mile ( l9e 9 #ahgg4 ,to-day ov] #aj1jjj miles ( railways h be5 built1 are "u con/ruction1 or are project$4 ,9 ,japan ! network has gr[n f #ah miles 9 #ahgb1 to #e1ada miles at ! end ( ! #aiaj fiscal ye>1 ( :i* total #d1fcd miles belong to ! ,/ate1 & #eig to private companies1 :ile ! =m] at t date _h #b1gij miles 9 h&1 & private ent]prise ab\t #afj miles4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,! ,,cascade ,,m\nta9s ,al?\gh ! fir/ trans-cont95tal railway across ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t tapp$ ,san ,francisco1 ?is 0 n ! r\te t 0 advocat$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,public fancy 0 incl9$ r to ! sugge/ion t ! ,pacific %\ld be ga9$ m to ! nor?1 at ! e/u>y ( ! ,columbia ,riv]4 ,?is feel+ 0 fo/]$1 no d\bt1 because t c\ntry loom$ m prom95tly 9 ! popul> eye1 z a result ( ! fam\s exp$ition ( ,lewis & ,cl>k dur+ ! ye>s #ahjd-f1 :]e9 !y trail$ across ! unkn[n corn] ( ! cont95t & ga9$ ! ,pacific via ! ,columbia ,riv]4 ,! op]ations ( ! ,hudson ,bay ,trad+ ,company & its num]\s rivals also _h s]v$ to famili>ise ! public ) ?is great t]ritory4 ,x is /range to obs]ve h[1 directly ,/eph5son _h demon/rat$ ! possibilities ( ! /eam locomotive1 imag9ative m9ds drew pictures ( /up5d\s railway-build+ a*ievem5ts across great cont95ts1 brok5 up by unscal$ m\nta9s & unfa?om$ broad riv]s1 z if ! build+ ( a track = ! iron horse 0 ! same z a *ild build+ toy h\ses ) wood5 bricks4 ,z a result ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t became criss-cross$ 9 all directions by railways--on pap]--& x 0 a good ?+ = ! c\ntry at ! "t t ^! s*emes nev] got any f>!r ?an t /age4 ,s9ce ,hunt+ton succe$$ 9 8 fir/ great ef=t1 ! c\ntry has be5 spann$ by a r\nd doz5 l9es4 ,f\r sy/ems1 h[ev]1 /& out pre-em95tly4 ,^! are ! ,nor!rn ,pacific & ! ,great ,nor!rn1 two l9es :i*1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 7 built aft] ! pione] mann]1 & ! ,we/]n ,pacific1 & ! ,milwaukee1 ,/4 ,paul1 & ,puget ,s\nd roads respectively1 :i* 7 con/ruct$ ^u exp]i5ce ga9$ 9 connection ) ! e>li] l9es1 & !re=e 9 accordance ) mod]n ideas4 ,! ,nor!rn ,pacific und]tak+ suff]$ /range vicissitudes4 ,x 0 sugge/$1 discuss$ & anticipat$ = ye>s be=e x 0 ev] tak5 9 h&4 ,x 0 a born eng9e] & practical railway-build] :o drove ! s*eme f9ally to a def9ite conclusion4 ,?is 0 ,edw9 ,f4 ,johnson1 & 8 words c>ri$ weight because ( 8 great eng9e]+ reputation & ! s\ndness ( 8 views4 ,he wag$ ! agitation s rel5tlessly t ! ,gov]nm5t at la/ emb>k$ ^u a unique ent]prise4 ,a s]ies ( exp$itions 7 inaugurat$1 kn[n z ! ,pacific ,railway ,surveys1 & ! m5 = ?is task 7 drawn f e dep>tm5t ( ! public s]vice4 ,_! task 0 to report ^u ! practicability ( ?read+ ! great m\nta9 b>ri]s to rea* ! we/]n sea4 ,! results ( _! ef=ts 7 set out 9 "s ?irte5 l>ge volumes1 & !y con/itute possibly ! mo/ exhau/ive "w ev] c>ri$ out 9 reg>d to ! plott+ ( railways ?r\gh a c\ntry4 ,b1 l ! majority ( su* ,gov]nm5t outbur/s1 !y repres5t s mu* wa/$ money3 !y 7 s valuable t !y became =gott54 ,! surveyors & railway-build]s ( to-day pref] to "w out _! own de/9ies4 ,!n came ! ,civil ,w>1 & t rul$ any railway-build+ ent]prise "u ! gis ( ! ,gov]nm5t completely out ( c\rt4 ,b ,johnson 0 n to be dissuad$ f 8 ent]prise4 ,he laid 8 s*eme be=e _m prom95t railway m5 9 ! c\ntry1 & !y decid$ to c>ry out ! "w4 ,johnson 0 deput$ to act z *ief eng9e]1 & 0 urg$ to locate ! l9e4 ,9 #ahgj ! task ( lay+ "s #b1ejj miles ( track 0 comm5c$4 ,! m\? ( ! ,columbia ,riv] 0 select$ z ! outlet on ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,"w 0 comm5c$ simultane\sly f bo? ends1 ! ea/]n t]m9al be+ ne> ,lake ,sup]ior4 ,by #ahgc ! l9e _h rea*$ ! ,miss\ri ,riv] on ! ea/1 & "h a pause _h to be call$ to erect a massive /eel bridge1 #a1djj feet long1 #ej feet above ! riv]1 :i* absorb$ #bjj1jjj1 or #a1jjj1jjj4 ,:5 ! fir/ /ret* ( prairie l9e 0 complet$1 x 0 us$ only 9 ! summ] mon?s4 ,!re 0 n en\gh traffic to pay = ! coal burn$ 9 ! locomotives dur+ ! w9t]1 9 ! e/imation ( ! adm9i/ration1 :ile !y fe>$ ! exp5se & losses t w\ld be inflict$ by ! t]rible blizz>ds & sn[/orms :i* rage 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,consequ5tly1 aft] ! crops _h be5 g>n]$ & convey$ to m>ket1 all ! eng9es1 trucks & c>s 7 )drawn f s]vice ^u a great l5g? ( l9e1 :i* 0 ab&on$ practically until spr+ came r\nd4 ,?is /ate ( affairs cont9u$ until ! ,indians rose up aga9/ ,am]ican law & ord]1 wip$ out sev]al m51 & precipitat$ a g5]al reign ( t]ror4 ,! ,gov]nm5t1 9 ord] to p\r troops into ! disaffect$ t]ritory1 reque/$ ! work+ ( ! railway dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahgf-g1 :i* prov$ to be "o ( ! mo/ sev]e 9 hi/ory4 ,yet ! l9e suff]$ less f sn[ ?an ! sy/ems 9 ! ea/]n ,/ates1 &1 moreov]1 possibilities ( traffic 7 discov]$ :i* hi!rto _h be5 consid]$ non-exi/5t4 ,ne$less to say1 ! railway nev] has be5 clos$ dur+ ! w9t] s9ce4 ,be=e ! railway _h proce$$ half-way across ! cont95t1 ! ne$ = ov]haul+ & relay+ ! fir/ "p ( ! track 0 felt4 ,a high] /&>d ( con/ruction 0 !re=e laid d[n = all ! new "w4 ,moreov]1 9 ord] t ! l9e %\ld be complet$ )9 ! %orte/ "t possible1 x 0 split into l>ge sections1 & ! grade 0 driv5 ea/ & we/ f sev]al po9ts simultane\sly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,swit*back0 ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,:i* ,,! ,,great ,,nor!rn ,,railway ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,negotiat$ ,,! ,,cascade ,,m\nta9s ,,be=e ,,! ,,bor+ ,,( ,,! ,,cascade ,,tunnel ,! m\nta9s prov$ a sev]e /umbl+-block & precipitat$ great delay4 ,! c\ntry 0 s brok5 t l(ty timb] tre/les _h to be erect$ to be fill$ 9 ) e>? at a lat] date4 ,!n two l>ge tunnels _h to be bor$ to c>ry ! track ?r\gh ! ,rockies1 "o1 ! ,bozeman tunnel1 be+ #c1faj feet long1 & ! o!r1 ! ,mullan tunnel1 #c1heg feet f end to end4 ,yet con/ruction proce$$ s successfully t ! l9ks 7 jo9$ up on ,septemb] #c1 #ahhc1 ! la/ spike be+ driv5 9 ,hellgate ,canyon1 ,montana4 ,! spike us$ = ?is auspici\s ev5t 0 ! v fir/ t _h be5 driv5 9 connection ) ! l9e :5 x 0 comm5c$ ye>s be=e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,a ,,/eel ,,tre/le ,,across ,a ,,rift ,! travell] is sett+ a gird] #ge feet long1 & weigh+ #bj tons1 into position4 ,! railway has pass$ ?r\gh _m f9ancial tribulations4 ,on two occasions ! int]m$i>y ( a receiv] has be5 f\nd necess>y4 ,x 0 hit by a panic 9 its v e>lie/ days1 & x fail$ t5 ye>s aft] completion1 ! second breakd[n precipitat+ "o ( ! wor/ f9ancial sc>es 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,/ates4 ,f ! a%es1 h[ev]1 a new company 0 recon/ruct$1 a bold] & m ent]pris+ body ( m5 gripp$ ! re9s1 ! sy/em 0 pull$ to pieces f end to end & rebuilt4 ,to-day x is n only "o ( ! f9e/ railways 9 ,am]ica1 b "o ( ! mo/ popul> & successful z well4 ,runn+ p>allel ) ! ,nor!rn ,pacific across ! cont95t1 b "s miles ne>] ! int]national b\nd>y1 is ano!r great art]y ( /eel :i* has become a great transportation =ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is is ! ,great ,nor!rn1 likewise built ?r\gh ! en]gy ( "o man1 ,mr4 ,james ,j4 ,hill1 ! empire-build] ( ! ,great ,am]ican we/4 ,mr4 ,hill is a born railway magnate1 & :5 he %ook ! du/ ( 8 native l&--,canada--f 8 feet1 x 0 m]ely because ! ,dom9ion at t "t (f]$ him no scope = 8 en]gies & initiative4 ,8 life is "o romance2 a prolong$ conque/ ) ! unkn[n c\ntry1 ) ! railway z 8 weapon1 & ) :i* he has ov]come trem5d\s ob/acles4 ,! ,great ,nor!rn 0 driv5 sl[ly across ! c\ntry f ! ,great ,lakes4 ,advance 0 risky1 z ! c\ntry trav]s$ fail$ to promise an ounce ( produce2 b :5ev] ! organis] saw t developm5t 9 ! c\ntry ahead 0 likely to take place1 he drove ! l9e =w>d4 ,8 motto 0 t 8! railway mu/ be a pione]1 leav+ ! settl] to be br\ght 9 aft]w>ds40 ,he lo/ no opportunity to ga9 rev5ue4 ,= in/ance1 :5 ! m9]al weal? ( ,montana attract$ widespread att5tion1 he made a j\rney to ,butte4 ,he f\nd t x 0 co/+ ! m9es #c #hs4--#ag--p] ton to %ip _! copp] to ,omaha4 ,he pond]$ on ! subject1 & sudd5ly ann\nc$ 8 int5tion to c>ry 8 railway into ,butte4 ,he did s1 & ! fir/ /roke he consummat$ 0 to transport ! metal to ! same ea/]n po9t at #a #acs41 or #h1 p] ton--ab\t #ej p] c5t4 bel[ ! previ\s rate4 ,! desolate "* ( ! pla9s ( ,montana1 & ! t[]+ heights ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s :i* /ood "r 9 ! way ( ! l9e1 7 f> f be+ attractive f ! f9ancial po9t ( view4 ,yet he 0 conv9c$ t traffic c\ld be creat$1 & 0 =tunate 9 infus+ 8 colleagues ) 8 en?usiasm4 ,b if ! railway's future 0 prec>i\s1 t ( ! settl] 0 mu* m s4 ,= "s miles ! l9e ran ?r\gh t]ritory inhabit$ by ! ,indian1 & :i* ! ,r$ ,man /ubbornly p]si/$ 9 ma9ta9+ 0 8 prop]ty4 ,! result 0 t ! :ite man c\ld only live on suff]ance4 ,if he /opp$ too long :ile pass+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry he 0 told to move on4 ,mr4 ,hill relates an amus+ in/ance ( ,r$ det]m9ation to seize ! ma9 *ance at ! settl]'s exp5se4 8,:5 ! settl]s drove _! cattle across ,indian c\ntry 9 ord] to ga9 ! railway1 ! ,indians exact$ a toll ( #ej c5ts1 or #bs4 = ! privilege ( driv+ ! cattle across ?ree miles ( _! t]ritory6 ,!y ev5 want$ an additional am\nt p] head--,i don't rememb] :at x 0--= ! wat] !y drank :ile cross+ ! ,miss\ri ,riv]60 ,among ! ,rockies ! eng9e] met ) a spirit$ resi/ance1 & ! result is t ! railway describes a tortu\s c\rse z x climbs up ! "o1 & drops d[n ! o!r1 side4 ,at places "o may /& on ! edge ( a cliff :]e ! track has be5 cut1 & wat* x foll[+ ! spur = miles1 /eadily fall+ mean:ile to ! head ( ! valley1 :]e x describes a sweep+ curve to w9d back along ! face ( ! cliff on ! opposite side ( ! depression4 ,/raight across x is1 p]haps1 n m ?an a mile or s1 b ! long det\r ( sev]al miles 0 necess>y to avoid a heavi] climb4 ,! fight = ! grade is emphasis$ 9 wat*+ an approa*+ tra9 com+ up ! hill4 ,x r\nds ! bluff on ! opposite side ( ! valley1 two pond]\s #agj-ton locomotives pull+ & /ra9+ amid cl\ds ( smoke & /eam4 ,_! jo9t lab\r produces a spe$ ( ab\t #ae miles an h\r1 & ! ro> creat$ by ! /eam 9 h>ness is he>d di/9ctly across ! rav9e4 ,"o foll[s ! tra9 on its w9d+ c\rse1 = x is fully 9 sight ! :ole "t z x sw+s r\nd ! curve at ! end ( ! valley1 & pres5tly ru%es by "o ) a t]rible ro>4 ,"s twelve m9utes h pass$ s9ce ! tra9 fir/ came into sight4 ,among ! ,cascades ! spectacle is m impressive4 ,travell+ we/w>ds1 ! tra9 pauses at ! m\nta9's summit1 & an electric locomotive is atta*$ to haul ! c>s ?r\gh ! ,cascade tunnel1 a bore z /raight z an arr[ ?r\gh ! mass ( rock = ?ree miles4 ,9 t5 m9utes ! tra9 rega9s daylight1 & ! electric locomotive makes way = a pond]\s #agj-ton vibrat+ mass ( /eel & /eam = ! d[nw>d desc5t4 ,:5 ! railway 0 fir/ op5$1 ! cre/ ( ! range 0 ov]come by a big swit*-back1 b x did n meet ) (ficial satisfaction1 s x 0 ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( ! tunnel driv5 ?r\gh ! cre/4 ,directly ! eng9e-driv] releases ! air-brake ! tra9 comm5ces to move4 ,! desc5t is at ! rate ( #aaf feet to ! mile1 &1 z may be conceiv$1 no /eam+ is requir$ to give ! tra9 mom5tum d[n ! banks--x travels by gravity alone1 held 9 *eck by ! p[]ful air-brake4 ,! tra9 plunges into a l9e ( sn[%$s1 & :5 x em]ges1 two tracks at diff]5t levels may be se51 & 9 ! f> di/ance1 on ! opposite side ( ! valley1 is ! black b& ( /eel wri?+ among ! crags to pass f sight r\nd a di/ant %\ld]4 ,! tra9 sw+s d[n ! upp]mo/ gall]y1 crosses a l(ty tre/le set ov] a rift on a curve1 dives into a tunnel :]e9 a horse-%oe loop is complet$1 s t :5 x issues f ! o!r portal ! tra9 spe$s along ! second track 9 ! opposite direction4 ,!n x makes ano!r twi/ to sw+ to ! opposite m\nta9 slope4 ,look+ back f ! l[e/ level1 ! l9e c be se5 cutt+ ?ree ugly ga%es among ! trees clo?+ ! m\nta9 flanks4 ,! con/ruction ( ?is s]ies ( loops 0 excit+1 & dang]\s to ! navvies1 z "o ( _! numb] relat$ to me4 ,excavation 0 c>ri$ out on ! two levels simultane\sly1 b ^? on ! l[] t]race _h to ma9ta9 a vigilant eye & a ke5 e>4 ,huge balla/ c>s 7 haul$ on to ! upp] gall]y load$ ) debris1 & !y %ot ?is ov] ! side to build up ! grade4 ,! result 0 t ! m5 bel[ 7 subject$ to a heavy1 int]mitt5t bomb>dm5t1 = massive pieces ( rock 7 among ! spoil4 ,^!1 giv5 a />t d[n-hill1 b\nc$ f po9t to po9t ) t]rific =ce1 until !y cra%$ into ! dep?s ( ! canyon4 ,! m5 _h to dodge ^! missiles z be/ !y c\ld4 ,sometimes !y 7 lucky2 at o!rs !y 7 n1 & _m a man receiv$ a na/y w\nd1 a j>r+ bl[1 or a brok5 limb f a piece ( rock 9 flight4 ,accid5ts f ?is cause 7 num]\s1 & fatalities 7 n infrequ5t4 ,:5 ! ,we/]n ,pacific 0 project$ x 0 decid$ to pr(it f ! mi/akes made on ! e>ly l9es 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,grades 9 p>ticul> 7 to be kept d[n1 especially among ! m\nta9s1 :]e a maximum rise ( #a 9 #ajj 0 only to be all[$4 ,?is l9e completes ! orig9al idea 9 connection ) ! ,d5v] ,rio ,gr&e l9e by giv+ ! latt] an outlet f ,salt ,lake ,city to ! ,pacific at ,san ,francisco4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,,! ,,bigge/ ,,embankm5t ,,on ,,record ,,by ,,hydraulic ,,sluic+ ,! railway is #gbe miles 9 l5g?1 & x 0 split into ?ree sections = con/ructional purposes4 ,! fir/ ext5d$ f ,salt ,lake ,city to ,oroville at ! ,pacific foot ( ! ,si]ras ma9 range1 ! second f ! latt] po9t to ,oakl& on ! coa/1 :ile ! ?ird 0 a try+ %ort section "r d[n to ! wat]'s edge1 at ,san ,francisco f ,oakl&4 ,build+ 0 c>ri$ out on ! ?ree divisions simultane\sly4 ,rem>kable ent]prise 0 display$ by ! lib]al resort to any new "t- & lab\r-sav+ me?ods & implem5ts4 ,9 ! ,san ,diablo ,range ! pa? ( ! track 0 int]rupt$ by a depression #abc feet deep & #a1abj feet wide4 ,t holl[ _h to be fill$ to pres]ve ! grade4 ,to exp$ite ! task1 an +5i\s tool 0 devis$4 ,?is 0 an electric scrap]1 & ! idea 0 to pull ?is d[n ! side ( ! m\nta91 !reby remov+ sev]al tons ( e>? at a "t1 & to %oot x into ! gul*4 ,b ! scrap] did n come up to expectations4 ,breakd[ns 7 s frequ5t t at la/ x 0 dismantl$ 9 disgu/ & ?r[n on "o side to ru/4 ,!n ano!r +5i\s idea 0 te/$4 ,?is 0 call$ a 8m]ry-g-r\nd10 some?+ v simil> to a r\ndab\t4 ,x compris$ a revolv+ table ov]hang+ ! edge ( ! dump or embankm5t4 ,a track 0 laid on ! circumf]5ce ( ?is turntable =m+ a loop4 ,! lad5 trucks 7 run r\nd ?is curve & _! cont5ts 7 %ot ov]bo>d at ! po9t desir$1 ! empties cont9u+ r\nd ! loop to ! track to return to be refill$4 ,! advantage ( ?is arrangem5t 0 t ! spoil c\ld be dis*>g$ j :]e x 0 want$ mu* m quickly & easily ?an by ! ord9>y me?od1 :]e ! c>s are pu%$ to ! edge ( ! tempor>y track1 empti$ & !n pull$ back4 ,z ! bank grew outw>ds across ! valley1 ! m]ry-g-r\nd 0 pu%$ =w>ds1 s t x always /ood on ! br9k ( ! e>?work4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,m]ry-,,g-,,r\nd0 ,,devis$ ,,to ,,exp$ite ,,rais+ ,,an ,,embankm5t #abj ,,feet ,,high ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,l(ty ,,embankm5t ,,9 ,,c\rse ,,( ,,con/ruction4 ,,9 ,,! ,,c5tre ,,x ,,is #abj ,,feet ,,high4 ,,con/ruction ,,camp ,,9 ,,=egr\nd ,a ,,novel ,,example ,,( ,,! ,,railway ,,build]s' ,,+5uity ,among ! m\nta9s "s magnific5t "w 0 accompli%$4 ,z ! direct+ eng9e] rem>k$ to ! writ]1 x 0 a /iff problem to desc5d ! we/]n flanks ( ! ,si]ras ) a #a p] c5t4 grade4 ,! l9e crosses ! m\nta9s #bjjj feet l[] ?an ! ,c5tral ,pacific1 & "o advantage is t !re are no sn[%$s any:]e4 ,:5 "o sees h[ rigor\sly ! maximum grade has be5 gu>d$ "o m>vels4 ,! m\nta9s are negotiat$ ?r\gh ,fea!r ,riv] ,canyon1 :i* is a duplicate ( ! ,kick+ ,horse ,pass t c>ries ! ,canadian ,pacific ma9 l9e d[n to ! coa/4 ,! canyon is ent]$ at ,oroville1 & = almo/ #ajj miles ! l9e rises /eadily at #eb feet p] mile1 foll[+ ! riv] until x at la/ ga9s an altitude ( #d1hag feet4 ,b hugg+ ! riv] causes ! l9e to me&] v tortu\sly1 = ! wat]way zigzags l ! tee? ( a saw4 ,moreov]1 ,fea!r ,riv] is a fe>some wat]way4 ,9 its calme/ moods x ru%es along swiftly1 b :5 swoll5 by ! melt+ sn[s & c\ntless m\nta9 brooks x ?und]s & boils l a :irlpool4 ,to escape ! fury ( ! wat]s ! track _h to be laid well up ! m\nta9-side1 & :]e a =k ( ! riv] is cross$1 a massive metal bridge _h to be built = ! reason advanc$ by ! eng9e] t 8,no?+ b /eel c\ld be us$ ) safety :5 ! riv] is 9 full flood40 ,curi\sly en\gh1 al?\gh ,fea!r ,riv] ,canyon _h nev] be=e be5 select$ z a passage-way ?r\gh ! m\nta9s = ! iron road1 x 0 fav\r$ by ! ,indian z be+ ! easie/ passage ?r\gh ! ,si]ras4 ,!odore ,judah _h notic$ its advantages = ! fir/ trans-cont95tal4 ,b ! ,r$ ,man's trail 0 along ! opposite bank to t pref]r$ by ! railway4 ,at fir/ sight x w\ld appe> z ?\gh ! surveyors might h pr(it$ advantage\sly f ! sagacity ( ! aborig9es1 b !y decl9$ to d s = a /rik+ reason4 ,! locat]s _h to pay due respect to ! sn[fall & ! pa?s ( avalan*es4 ,9 su* a gorge ! =m] may be only a few in*es on "o1 & z _m feet on ! o!r side1 & ! dang]s f slides are proportionate4 ,su* conditions prevail 9 ?is canyon4 ,! bank select$ by ! eng9e]s is expos$ to ! sun ?r\gh\t ! day1 & ! sn[fall is v slight1 :]eas on ! o!r & %ad$ bank x is v sev]e4 ,9 asc5d+ ! canyon1 v heavy developm5t "w _h to be c>ri$ out4 ,at "o po9t a huge loop _h to be describ$ on ! m\nta9-side1 & ! summit negotiat$ by a long tunnel b5ea? ! ,beckw\r? ,pass4 ,! latt] acts z a funnel or %aft = ! w>m 8,*9ook0 w9ds1 :i*1 ent]+ ! pass1 melt ! sn[ almo/ z soon z x falls4 ,consequ5tly1 on ?is section sn[ is an insignificant enemy1 & does n /rike su* t]ror into ! he>ts ( ! railway au?orities z1 say1 on ! ,canadian ,pacific1 or ! ,ov]l& r\te4 ,! records at ,beckw\r? give ! maximum dep? ( sn[ z #bd in*es1 s t ,boreas w be kept )9 b\nds v easily by an ord9>y sn[-pl\gh4 ,by plac+ ! track well bel[ ! sn[-l9e1 & ) ! assi/ance ( ! k9dly ,japanese w>m w9d1 ! heavy exp5se ( sn[%$s has be5 avoid$4 ,?is is no mean sav+ ei!r1 = 9 _m cases ! co/ ( build+ ^! protective %$s has be5 m p] mile ?an ! railway itself %elt]$ )94 ,on "o l9e ! av]age co/ ( ?is protection is #ae1jjj p] mile1 & x is necess>y = #dj miles6 ,on ! ea/]n sides ( ! m\nta9s ! railway runs into ! ill-fam$ ,humboldt ,riv] t]ritory1 :i* has prov$ a ?orn 9 ! sides ( _m railway-build]s4 ,?is f9e wat]way at times bur/s its bonds1 floods ! c\ntry1 & f9ally foll[s a new c\rse4 ,9 ord] to avoid any tr\bles f ?is cause1 ! l9e 0 kept well cle> ( ! di/rict1 ?\gh x involv$ _m artificial works su* z bridges1 embankm5ts & tunnels1 :ile ! riv] is cross$ #bd times 9 #ahe miles4 ,betwe5 ! foo?ills ( ! ,si]ras & ,salt ,lake ,city two o!r m\nta9 ranges _h to be ov]come--! ,pequop & ,torano *a9s respectively4 ,a tunnel solves ! fir/1 & a /rik+ piece ( developm5t "w compasses ! second4 ,?is is a horse-%oe curve #e miles 9 l5g?1 :i* rises g5tly ea/w>ds at ! prescrib$ maximum grade4 ,_h ! eng9e]s cut /raight across z ! cr[ flies1 miles w\ld h be5 sav$1 b ! banks w\ld h be5 ?ree times z heavy4 ,! ea/]n po9t ( ?is horse-%oe br+s ! railway to ! fr+e ( ! ,salt ,lake des]t1 a roll+ wa/e ( salt & borax 9 :i* lies ! inl& sea ( ! same "n1 & ^: wat]s 9 ! di/ant pa/ lapp$ ! foo?ills ( ! ,torano range4 ,! rail /rikes across ! des]t 9 a bee-l9e = #dc miles1 ! p]man5t way be+ z level z a billi>d-table1 ) ! rails re/+ on a solid mass ( salt1 #h feet or m 9 ?ickness4 ,?is m>k$ ! fir/ attempt to cross ?is dismal expanse by railway4 ,_m a travell] essay+ ! p]il\s j\rney z a %ort] cut to ! c\ntry beyond has be5 ov]:elm$ by ?ir/ or ! intol]able heat1 to lie d[n to 8 la/ re/1 8 bones aft]w>ds be+ f\nd blea*+ 9 ! gl>e ( ,old ,sol1 beat+ d[n f a cl\dless sky4 ,"o notable feature ( ?is road is ! tunnels4 ,!re are #db 9 all1 aggregat+ ov] #de1jjj feet 9 l5g?1 :ile !re are #dj /eel bridges totall+ a l5g? ( #i1bfa feet4 ,9 "o division among ! ,si]ras1 ext5d+ = a di/ance ( #ge miles up ! ,fea!r ,riv] ,canyon1 grad+ ran into #bj1jjj1 or #ajj1jjj1 p] mile4 ,altoge!r "s #dj1jjj1jjj cubic y>ds ( e>? 7 h&l$ to =m ! grade4 ,! contractors _h to sp5d #bj1jjj1 or #ajj1jjj1 alone to cut a wagon-road 9 ord] to transport supplies to _! camps along ! grade4 ,contemporane\sly ) ! con/ruction ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific railway1 a ?ird l9e--! ,*icago1 ,milwaukee ,puget ,s\nd--0 be+ press$ across ! cont95t = ! purpose ( br++ ,*icago & ! ,atlantic seabo>d into direct t\* ) ! ,pacific ports ( ,seattle & ,tacoma on ,puget ,s\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,,! ,,*icago1 ,,milwaukee ,,& ,,puget ,,s\nd ,,railway ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,bitt] ,,root ,,m\nta9s ,?is great art]y sprang f v humble beg9n+s4 ,9 #ahfe !re 0 a %ort /ret* ( l9e 9 ! ,/ate ( ,m9nesota :i*1 "u en]getic & wise expansion1 ?rew its t5tacles 9 all directions1 until by #aijh x _h gr[n into a huge sy/em kn[n z ! ,*icago1 ,milwaukee ,/4 ,paul railway1 possess+ #g1dea miles ( track4 ,h[ x came to laun* out ^u ?is long rea* to ! ,pacific is an int]e/+ /ory1 typical ( railway developm5t 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t4 ,! ea/]n division ( ! p>5t sy/em s]v$ an absolutely treeless c\ntry1 ?\gh ! l& 0 among ! f9e/ imag9able = agriculture4 ,! railway requir$ pl5tiful supplies ( timb]1 n only = its own ne$s1 b also = ^? ( ! settl]s scatt]$ along its roads4 ,e foot ( wood _h to be cut 9 ! f> nor?-we/ lumb] t]ritory1 & _h to be haul$ = hundr$s ( miles ov] a rival railway be=e x ent]$ ! t]ritory s]v$ by ! ,*icago1 ,milwaukee ,/4 ,paul railway4 ,consid]+ ! enorm\s consumption ( ?is commodity1 ! money paid ov] e ye> to ! rival railway 9 freight *>ges repres5t$ a respectable figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>ry+ ,,! ,,*icago1 ,,milwaukee ,,& ,,puget ,,s\nd ,,railway ,,across ,,! ,,columbia ,,riv] ,%[+ ! huge /eel bridge necess>y to c>ry ! track ov] ! wat]way4 ,!reupon x 0 decid$ to tap ! =e/s & to secure an outlet on ! ,pacific ,coa/ at ! same "t4 ,al?\gh x 0 e/imat$ t ! #a1djj miles ( track necess>y = ! purpose w\ld co/ ab\t #bj1jjj1jjj1 or #ajj1jjj1jjj1 x 0 calculat$ t ! sav+ 9 freight *>ges = haul+ timb] w\ld defray ! great] "p ( ! int]e/ on ?is capital4 ,"w 0 comm5c$ 9 #aijf3 on ,april #a1 #aiji1 ! la/ rail 0 laid1 & ! gold5 spike 0 driv5 home into its sleep]1 ) no m c]emony ?an if a m]e sid+ _h be5 complet$1 in/ead ( a new trans-cont95tal l9e1 con=m+ ) all up-to-date requirem5ts z to grade1 curvature & g5]al /&>d ( "w4 ,! completion ( su* a project )9 ?ree ye>s 0 truly an epo*-mak+ a*ievem5t1 &1 z might be suppos$1 a long /r+ ( record-break+ feats accompani$ its realisation4 ,9 #cf mon?s #ag1jjj1jjj1 or #he1jjj1jjj1 7 exp5d$ 9 ! bor+ ( tunnels1 ! erection ( #bj miles ( bridges1 cuts & fills to fa%ion a new /eel highway1 & to pave x ) #bjj1jjj tons ( rails4 ,"s days ! me*anical track-lay]1 ) its load ( sleep]s & rails1 advanc$ s rapidly t #e miles ( track 7 laid betwe5 sunrise & sunset4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ?is new l9e 0 comm5c$ f ! banks ( ! same riv] z signall$ ! comm5cem5t ( ! fir/ railway to ! ,pacific--! ,miss\ri ,riv]--b at ,m[bridge1 a po9t "s miles to ! nor?4 ,at ! v comm5cem5t heavy exp5se 0 incurr$ 9 ! build+ ( a huge bridge across ! wat]way1 :i* alone absorb$ #djj1jjj1 or #b1jjj1jjj4 ,x crosses ,nor? ,dakota & ,montana1 :]e x 0 no uncommon circum/ance to enc\nt] isolat$ home/eads1 ! own]s ( :i* _h to travel #aej miles to po/ a lett]--a duty :i*1 "u ! circum/ances1 0 p]=m$ ab\t once 9 #f or #ab mon?s4 ,9 ,montana ! l9e drops into ! valley ( ! ,yell[/one ,riv] to cl+ to its banks4 ,:ile ! riv] w9ds 9 & out 9 an amaz+ mann]1 ! railway foll[s practically a /raight l9e ?r\gh ! valley1 & = #aag miles x is "o ( ! fa/e/ /ret*es ( track 9 ! :ole cont95t1 !re be+ an imp]ceptible rise4 ,on pap] x seems b a simple task to build su* a piece ( /raight1 level track1 b 9 ?is in/ance x prov$ v exp5sive1 = ! riv] is cross$ ab\t once 9 e mile1 !re be+ #aae bridges 9 ! #aag miles4 ,aft] leav+ ! ,yell[/one ,riv] ! "w became m difficult1 = ?ree ranges ( m\nta9s _h to be ov]come4 ,! battle ) ,nature1 :i* _h be5 f\ght by ! ,s\!rn1 ,we/]n1 ,nor!rn ,pacific & ,great ,nor!rn railways respectively1 _h to be wag$ aga94 ,at times ! pres]vation ( an easy grade prov$ a v knotty problem4 ,! end 0 a*iev$ only by prodigi\s e>?works1 frequ5t tunnell+1 z well z l(ty tre/l+ across ! rav9es4 ,! curves 7 kept v easy1 gall]ies be+ cut 9 ! project+ humps to enable ! l9e to foll[ ! cont\r ( ! m\nta9 sides1 :ile ! summits 7 conqu]$ by driv+ tunnels ?r\gh _! cre/s at z l[ an altitude z practicable4 ,! mo/ notewor?y tunnel is ! ,/4 ,paul ,pass1 & "h a /rik+ record 0 set up1 ! m\nta9 be+ pi]c$ at a great] spe$ ?an has be5 a*iev$ 9 any previ\s und]tak+s ( ?is "*4 ,x 0 bor$ f bo? ends simultane\sly1 & al?\gh x 0 solid1 h>d rock = practically ! :ole ( its l5g?1 an av]age advance ( "s #edj feet p] mon? 0 ma9ta9$1 ! highe/ rate ( progress be+ rea*$ ) a mon?ly progress ( #gcb feet4 ,among ! ,cascades ! trem5d\s rav9es sep>at+ "o peak f ano!r tax$ ! +5uity ( ! eng9e]s sorely4 ,x 0 practically :at 9 railway p>lance is describ$ z 8cut-&-fill0 all ! way2 t is1 ! digg+ ( deep cutt+s "h1 & ! rais+ ( l(ty embankm5ts !re4 ,! cuts ?r\gh ! %\ld]s ( "s ( ^! mon>*s became q respectable defiles 9 !mselves by ! "t ! /eam %ovels _h retir$ f ! sc5e4 ,& ! cuts 7 equall$ 9 _! magnitude by ! 8fills40 ,"o1 8,topograph]s' ,gul*10 is exceptionably notable4 ,! track creeps ?r\gh a deep cutt+ on ei!r side to ! edge ( ! m\nta91 ! sides ( :i* drop away 9 a /eep slope to a dep? ( #bhb feet4 ,at track level ! gul* 0 #hjj feet across4 ,a viaduct 0 at fir/ sugge/$ to span ! gap1 b x 0 f\nd t ! approa*es 7 unsuitable to su* a solution ( ! problem4 ,! eng9e] resolv$ to make a d>+ ef=t4 ,he w\ld n bridge ! gulf2 he w\ld n g r\nd x2 b he w\ld fill x up6 ,!re 0 pl5ty ( mat]ial on ! spot = ! purpose4 ,! "q 0 ! quicke/ way ( accompli%+ ?is end4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t a tw5ty-/orey build+ c\ld h be5 dropp$ into t rav9e1 & t its ro( !n w\ld h be5 only level ) ! propos$ p]man5t way1 x w be se5 t x 0 a big fill inde$4 ,h[ 0 x done8 ,:y1 by means ( wat] jets--hydraulic sluic+--be+ direct$ aga9/ ! m\nta9-side1 dislodg+ ! e>? & spe$+ x d[n conduits into ! depression4 ,little did ! we/]n railway =eman anticipate1 :5 he fir/ sugge/$ wa%+ d[n a hill to fill a rift by means ( a hose z already describ$1 t 8 mu*-ridicul$ proposition ev] w\ld be call$ ^u to fill up a *asm l ?is4 ,a p[]ful pump+-plant 0 set up1 hundr$s ( feet ( hose 7 laid d[n1 & fitt$ ) huge1 p[]ful nozzles4 ,gigantic & p[]ful /reams ( wat] 7 ?r[n aga9/ ! m\nta9 face1 & ! debris ?us dislodg$ 0 div]t$ into flumes1 or wood5 tr\ghs1 :i* empti$ !mselves into ! valley4 ,be=e a y>d ( debris 0 toss$ into t abyss1 #ab1jjj1 or #fj1jjj1 _h be5 sp5t4 ,:5 ! full bla/ ( wat] 0 br\ght to be> on ! face ( ! hill ! gravel ru%$ d[n into ! depression l lava p\r+ f a volcano 9 eruption4 ,! wat] jets lit]ally mov$ a hill into ! rav9e4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks a neck ( solid e>? /ret*$ across ! abyss1 af=d+ a pa? = ! railway4 ,! cross+ ( ! ,columbia ,riv] 0 ano!r heavy und]tak+1 exce$+ 9 "* ! bridge across ! ,miss\ri4 ,at ?is po9t ! riv] is wide1 ) ! navigable *annel 9 ! c5tre1 b !re is a heavy rise & fall ( ! wat] accord+ to ! season1 ! feet ( ! m\nta9s on ei!r side be+ lapp$ :5 ! riv] is 9 flood4 ,! peculi> conditions necessitat$ a high /ructure1 ) massive /one pi]s support+ ! /eel-"w4 ,sixte5 wide spans 7 requir$4 ,! task 0 c>ri$ out by ! railway companies' own bridge-eng9e]+ /aff1 9 :i* class ( "w !y are speciali/s & peculi>ly fitt$ to su* huge ent]prises4 ,su* is ! /ory ( ! ,railway ,ru% across ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ! ,pacific4 ,yet ! public clam\rs = fur!r l9es4 ,! facilities ext5d$ already to travel f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific seabo>ds 9 less ?an f\r days h s]v$ only to cause ! public to emulate 8,oliv] ,twi/0 & to ask = m4 ,,index ,,abt sy/em ( grad+1 #bee1 #cjg ,abu ,ham$1 #aed ,aconcagua ,peak1 #abh1 #bgd ---- ,riv]1 #bgg ,acre1 ,bay (1 #abb ,adelaide1 #ahd1 #aij ,adelskld1 ,mme4 ,gu/afva1 #bfj --- ,major ,c41 #bfj-fb ,adhesion traction1 #bag ,africa1 railways (1 #gi1 #aci-fa ---- ,cape to ,cairo railway1 #aci-fa ---- ,c5tral1 railways (1 #bha-h ---- ,fr5* ,we/1 #ade ---- ,g]man ,ea/1 #aej ---- ---- ,s\?-,we/1 #gi ---- ,portuguese ,ea/1 #bha1 #bhb ----- ,s\?1 ! w>1 #aee ---- ---- gold-fields1 #cja ,air-brakes1 #cac ,airolo1 #cc1 #ce1 #da1 #db1 #dd ,aka%a1 #aec ,alaska1 #afb ---- reclamation (1 #ajb-af ,albany1 #ahg ,alb]t ,nyanza1 ,lake1 #aea1 #afa ,alex&ria1 #aed1 #aeh1 #aei ,allahabad1 #beb ---- -,fyz]bad railway1 #beb ,allan1 ,sir ,hugh1 #bbe ,alps1 !1 #afb-c1 #agj ---- ! ,s\!rn1 #aid ,am>illo ,gorge1 #bgd ,amazon ,riv]1 #abi1 #bgj ,am]ica1 ,s\?-- ,fir/ trans-cont95tal railway1 #bgj ,laissez-faire attitude1 #ad ,survey "w1 #i-aa ,_w's highe/ l9e1 #abh-ch ,am]ican ,civil ,w>1 !1 #cji ,am]ican railway int]e/s1 #aee1 #ahc1 #bic1 #cjj ,amur railway1 !1 #bja1 #baa1 #bab ---- ,valley1 #bji ,&]matt1 village (1 #db ,&]son1 ,messrs4 ,j4 ,a41 #aie ,&es1 !1 #i1 #abh-i1 #acd1 #ace1 #acg1 #agg1 #bgj1 #bga1 #bgb1 #bgd1 #bgg1 #bgh ---- ,trans-&9e railway1 #bgj1 #bgd ,animas ,canyon1 #agj ,ant(aga/a railway1 #acf1 #bgi ,arab raid]s1 #aai1 #abf-g ,arabia1 des]ts (1 #aag ,arg5t9a-,*ile peace1 #bge ,arica1 #bgi ,arkansas ,riv]1 #afd ,arlb]g ,tunnel1 !1 #hh-i1 #id1 #ie ,arm/rong1 ,sir ,w4 ,g41 #bjj1 #bjf ,arnold1 ,bion1 #ef ,asia ,m9or1 #abb ,assl+1 #ig ,assuan1 #aeh ,atb>a1 #aed1 #aei ---- ,bridge1 #aed1 #aef1 #aeg ---- ,riv]1 #aed ,atl91 #aaa ,auckl&1 #aid ,auspo9t1 #id ,au/ralasia1 railways (1 #age-ig ,au/ralia1 ,s\?-- ,railways1 #ahd-e ,survey "w1 #aia-c ,au/ralia1 ,we/-- ,railways1 #agf1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #ahi ,survey "w1 #aij-ib ,trans-cont95tal s*eme1 #aij-aia ,wat]-supply1 #ahg-i1 #aij-ia ,au/ria1 railway ent]prise1 #hh1 #ij1 #ie ,av]s ,platz1 #afc 8,azure ,dragon10 !1 #bhi1 #bif ,bad5-,zuri* railway1 #ca ,bahia ,honda1 #bdh ,baikal1 ,lake1 #aej1 #bjj1 #bjf1 #bjg ---- railway1 #bja ,bak]1 ,sir ,b5jam91 #bic-d ,baldw9 ,company ( ,philadelphia1 #bag ,baltic ,sea1 ice-break]s1 #bjf ,b>r[1 ,f4 ,w41 #bae ,ba?ur/1 #agg ,batignolles1 #cjc-d ,batn-el-,gh\l1 !1 #abd ,beacon ,hill ,tunnel1 #cjj-cja ,beckw\r? ,pass1 #cag ,b$\91 !1 #aah-ba1 #abf-g ,beira1 #bhd ,beirut1 #abb ,beit1 ,alfr$1 #adi ,belgian railway int]e/s1 #aej-ea1 #bie1 #bii1 #cjj ,bell1 ,j4 ,b41 #beb ,b5nett1 ,lake1 #ajh-i ,b5nett1 ,mr41 #bf-g ,b]g51 #bfb1 #bfc1 #bfg1 #bfi ,b]g5-,*ri/iania l9e1 #bfc-i ,b]gsund1 #bfa ,bias*9a ,gorge1 #dc 8,big ,hill10 #bag1 #bah1 #bca-b ,biwa ,lake1 #cje ,blackwall ,tunnel1 #ee ,blanc1 ,mont1 #abh ,blantyre1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #bhg ,blud51 #ij ,blue ,nile1 !1 #aef-g ,bod91 ,georges1 #cjc ,bogie pr9ciple1 #gh ,bolivia1 railways (1 #bgi-hj ,borneo1 ,briti% ,nor?1 #d ,bossi1 eng9e]1 #db ,b\ld] ,riv] ,canyon1 #agb ,box ,tunnel1 #bc ,box] ,rebellion1 !1 #bii ,bozeman ,tunnel1 #caj-aa ,bram/one ,tunnel1 #bd ,br&t hydraulic drills1 #hi-ij1 #ih1 #bfe ,bray ,head1 #bc-e ,brazil-- ,brazilian-,portuguese lab\r]s1 #bbc ,configuration1 #baf ,leopold9a sy/em1 #bad-bc 8,bridge ,l9e10 ,new ,zeal&1 #aif-g ,bridges-- ,gird]1 #bba ,rack sy/em1 #bba ,/eel1 #bfj ,bri/5 ,tunnel1 #dd ,briti% & ,*9ese ,corporation1 #bif1 #cjj ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa ,co41 #bhb ---- ,columbia1 #aaj1 #bbd1 #bci ---- ,nor? ,borneo1 #d ,brok5 ,hill1 #adg1 #adi1 #aej ,bromma1 #bfg ,brunel1 "w 9 ,irel&1 #bb-e ,bu5os ,aires & ,pacific railway1 #bgj ,buffalo1 #ee1 #gj-ga ,bukana1 #aea ,buluwayo1 #ada1 #adb ,burma1 ,gokteik ,viaduct1 #bej ---- ,railway ,co41 #bed ---- ,upp]1 bridges1 #bed ,butte1 #cab ,cairo1 #aci1 #aej1 #aea1 #aeh ,caissons1 #ahb-c ,cali=nia1 ! gold ru% to1 #fj1 #fi ,callao1 #abi1 #acj1 #ach ,camels1 transport by1 #aij-b ,campos1 #bba ,canada-- ,ea/]n1 ! railway 91 #bbe ,fight+ gangs1 #bh ,fir/ trans-cont95tal1 #bbd-ci ,muskeg c\ntry1 #ah1 #bbf-i ,canadian ,pacific railway1 #caf-ag 8,big ,hill10 #bag1 #bah1 #bca-b ,*9ese lab\r on1 #ae ,eagle ,pass1 #bch ,gold ,range1 #bch ,gov]nm5t aid1 #bbe-f ,kick+ ,horse ,pass1 #bcb-d ,muskeg c\ntry1 difficulties1 #bbf-i ,selkirk ,range1 #bcd-h ,cantilev] pr9ciple1 #add1 #bci ,canton1 #bii1 #cjj ---- -,k[loon railway1 #bie1 #bii-cja ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 #bab ,cape to ,cairo railway-- ,nor?w>ds f ,cape ,t[n1 #aci-ea ,s\?w>ds f ,cairo1 #aeb-fa ,cape ,t[n1 #aci1 #ada1 #ade1 #adg1 #aej1 #afa ,c>n>von1 #gi ,cascade ,range-- ,grad+1 #ba1 #cba ,sn[%$s1 #bd ,tunnell+1 #be1 #bg1 #aic1 #cac-ad1 #cba 8,cat* po9ts10 #bca ,ca!dral ,m\nta91 #bcc ,c5is ,tunnel1 #ca-b1 #ce1 #cf1 #hh-ij1 #bag ,c5tral ,otago railway1 #aif-g ,c5tral ,pacific railway1 #fc1 #fe1 #gj1 #aih1 #cae ,c5tral railway ( ,p]u1 #acf ,c5tral ,sib]ian railway1 #bjj1 #bjc ,*ampla9 & ,/4 ,lawr5c railway1 #df ---- ,lake1 #df ,*ang-,ti5-,y[1 #big ,*at ,moss1 #ag ,*5ab ,riv]1 #beb ,*ep/[ bridge1 #bc ,*ey5nes1 !1 #fg-h ,*icago1 #ed1 #eh1 #bda1 #cah ---- ,nor?-,we/]n railway1 #afb ---- ,milwaukee ,puget ,s\nd l9e1 #cjh1 #cah-bb ---- ,milwaukee ,/4 ,paul railway1 #cah1 #cai ,*i*li1 #bia ,*icla1 #ace ,*ikwawa1 #bhb ,*ile1 #bgd-e ,*ilian lab\r1 #bgg ,*ilkoot ,pass1 #ajd ,*9a-- ,e>ly days 91 #bhi-if ,ea/]n ,*9ese railways1 #baa ,fronti]1 #aih1 #baa-ac ,mileage ( railways1 #bhi1 #cjg ,mod]n developm5ts1 #big-cjg ,trade guilds1 #ae1 #af ,*9de1 #bha1 #bhb1 #bhd ,*9ese lab\r]s1 #ad-af1 #fi1 #baj1 #bab ,*9ook1 !1 #ajc1 #cag ,*iromo1 #bhc1 #bhe1 #bhf1 #bhg ,*isso1 workman1 #db ,*osica1 #acj ,*ri/*ur*1 #aid ,*ri/iania1 #bfb-d1 #bfi ,*ri/o ,r$5tor1 /atue (1 #bge ,*ungz\ne ,riv]1 #bee1 #beg1 #beh ,circum-,baikal l9e1 #bjd-i ,clevel& ,eng9e]+ ,bridge-build+ ,co41 #add1 #aeg ,col de ,frjus4 ,see ,c5is ,tunnel ,colladon1 ,pr(41 #cf ,collie di/rict1 #ahf-g ,colorado1 m\nta9s (1 #afb-c ,columbia ,riv]1 #f1 #bh1 #bcd1 #bej1 #cjh1 #cji1 #cbb ,congo ,free ,/ate1 #adi ---- ,riv]1 #aej1 #aea ,congolo1 #aea ,con/ant9ople1 #abb ,coolg>die-- ,cond5s+ plant1 #ahh-i ,gold ru%1 #ahf1 #ahg ,railway ent]prise1 #aij-ia ,coop]1 ,f5imore1 ,! ,pa?f9d]1 #ff ,cordill]as1 !1 #abh1 #abi1 #acj1 #acb1 #bgd 8,corduroy+10 #ah ,corean lab\r1 #bab ,corkscrew grad+1 #abd-e1 #bcc ,cornwall1 #bb ,c\ncil ,bluffs1 #fb1 #fc1 #fe ,cragella*ie1 #bch ,crom]1 ,"l1 #aeb ,cuba1 trade1 #bdj-da ,cumbres ,pass1 #afi ,curzon railway bridge 7,allahabad71 #beb-d ,dakota1 ,nor?1 #bbi1 #cbj ,dallas1 #agj ,dalnaspiel1 #agc ,dal:9nie1 #agc ,damascus1 #aag1 #aah1 #aba1 #abb ---- ,repair+ works at1 #abf ,d>l+ ,m\nta9s1 #ahi ---- ,range1 #ahf1 #ahh1 #ahi ---- ---- ,upp]1 #ahg ,d>l+ton1 #add ,d>tmoor1 #agc ,dawson1 #ajc1 #aaa ,deane1 ,h5ry1 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 #ahj-ha1 #aia ,d5v]1 #aga1 #agb1 #agd ---- ,rio ,gr&e railway1 #h1 #afb1 #afc1 #cad ,d]aa1 #abb1 #abc ---- ,riv]1 #abb ,d]vi%es1 #aec1 #aef ,des ,mo9es1 #fe ,deu*>s1 ,g41 #beg ,dhorabhave ,riv]1 #bej ---- ,viaduct1 #bej ,diamondopolis1 #ada ,dickson1 ,norman ,b41 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 #bae1 #bah-bc ,d9as1 #gi ,dovrejelf ,range1 #bfc-d ,drave ,riv]1 #id ,dubl9 ,s\?-,ea/]n railway1 #bc ,dufile1 #afj-fa ,dun$91 #aif ,durant1 ,?omas ,c41 #fj1 #fb1 #fe1 #gj ,dyaks1 #e ,eagle ,pass1 #g1 #bch ---- ,riv] ,canyon1 #aga ,ea/ ,indian railway1 #bej ,ea/]n ,*9ese railways1 #baa ,edw>d1 ,k+1 ,victoria ,bridge op5$ by1 #ea ,egypt-- ,briti% p5etration1 #aai ,railways 91 #aeb-c ,eiffel ,t[]1 #afi ,ekat]9burg1 #aii ,el ,mi/i1 #acg ,el ,obeid1 #aeg ,electric drills1 #if1 #ajj ,electrical sy/em1 s+le-phase alt]nat+ curr5t1 #ef ,elizabe?ville1 #aej ,elswick1 #bjj ,ermak1 ice-break]1 #bjf ,espirito ,santo1 #bad ,euphrates ,valley1 #abc 8,ev]glades1 ,!10 #bda-f1 #bdi ,fades ,viaduct1 #ade ,fairbanks1 #aab ,favre1 ,l41 #cd1 #ci1 #dj1 #db ,fea!r ,riv]1 #caf ---- ,riv] ,canyon1 #caf1 #cah ,fell sy/em1 !1 #bag ,fe/9iog ,toy railway1 #gf-gi1 #ha ,field1 #bca 8,fight+ gang10 #bh ,fires1 =e/1 #bce-f ,fjeldb]g1 #bfd ,flagl]1 ,h5ry1 #bdj1 #bda1 #bdi 8,flagl]'s ,folly10 #bdb1 #bdi ,flat ,creek ,viaduct1 #aig ,floods1 #bai-bj1 #bea ,florida ,ea/ ,coa/ railway1 #bdj-di ,=mosa1 #bia ,=t ,augu/a1 #aij ---- ,john/on1 #bhg ,fox1 ,sir ,d\glas1 & ,p>tn]s1 #bhe ,foxwood ,tunnel1 #bc ,france1 railway int]e/s1 #bie1 #bii1 #cja-ad ,fras]1 ,james1 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 #aha-b ---- ,riv] ,canyon1 #bci ,fremantle1 #aic ,fremont ,pass1 #afh-i ,frits*1 ,pr(41 #cc ,fung ,%ui1 influ5ce (1 #bhi1 #bif ,gal]a ,tunnel1 #ace-f1 #ach1 #bgd ,gales1 ,rob]t ,r41 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 #bec ,galilee1 ,sea (1 #abc ,ganges1 bridges1 #beb1 #bec ,g>ry1 ,=t1 #bbd ,gauges-- ,metre1 #bae ,n>r[-gauge sy/em1 #gh1 #aje1 #aaa ,/&>d1 #bfg ,uni=m1 ne$ =1 #agf ,wide1 #dh ,gelliv>e iron m9es1 #bfj ,gelpke1 ,m4 ,o41 ,c4,e41 #cc ,g]aldton1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #ahh1 #ahi ,g]man railway int]e/s1 #cc1 #bie ,gir\>d1 ,sir ,p]cy1 #aec ,gjeilo1 #bfh ,gloggnitz1 #ib ,godav>i ,bridge1 #bej ---- ,riv]1 #bej ,gokteik ,viaduct1 #bej1 #bed-i ,gold ,range1 !1 #f1 #bch ,gold ru% to-- ,cali=nia1 #fj ,colorado1 #afc ,klondyke1 #ajc1 #aaj ,san ,francisco1 #fe ,gold5 ,gate1 !1 #fc1 #fe ---- ,horn1 #fd ,gondoroko1 #aeh1 #afj ,gs*551 #ce1 #da ,gta ,bridge1 #bfj-fb ---- ,riv]1 #bfj-fa ,go!nburg1 #bfb ,g\ld1 ,jay1 #dg ,goz ,abu ,guma1 #aeg ,grad+1 ,corkscrew1 #dc1 #abd-e1 #aie1 #bcc ---- ,swit*back1 #bai ---- ,zigzag1 #agg-ha1 #ahg1 #bai ,gr& ,trunk railway1 #dh1 #ed1 #eh1 #adc ,gr& ,trunk ,railway ,co41 #dg ,grant1 ,g5]al1 #fh-i ,grattoni1 eng9e]1 #cb ,gravehals ,tunnel1 #bfd-f ,great ,brita91 railway int]e/s1 #ia1 #ajd1 #add1 #adg1 #aed-e1 #aeg1 #bad-bc1 #bed1 #bgf1 #bie1 #cjj ---- ,lakes1 !1 #dg1 #eh1 #afb1 #caa ---- ,nor!rn railway1 #ba1 #cjh1 #caa-ad ---- ,salt ,lake1 #gj ---- ,wall ( ,*9a1 #big1 #bih ---- ,we/]n railway1 #agc ---- 8,zigzag10 !1 #agi-hj ,greym\?1 #aid ,guilds1 ,*9ese1 #ae1 #af ,gulf ,/ream1 #ajc ,gwaai ,riv]1 #adb 8,hadj10 !1 #aag ,haifa1 #abb ,halfa1 #aeh ,hamilton1 #dg1 #dh ,h&-signall+1 #bjb ,hang+ ,bridge1 !1 #afd-g1 #aji ,hank[1 #bii-cja ,h>b91 #bic1 #bii ,h>riman1 ,e4 ,h41 #bh-i1 #gb ,h>te1 ,bret1 #gj ,havana1 #bda ,hawkesbury ,bridge1 #ahb ---- ,riv]1 #ahb ,head hunt]s1 #d ,hector1 #bca ,h$jaz ,p59sula1 #abc ---- railway1 #aag-bg ,hellgate ,canyon1 #caa ,hellwag1 ,m41 #dj-db1 #aie ,h]]os rebellion1 !1 #ha-b1 #hd1 #he ,h]iti]1 ,gr& ,duke1 #bjj ,high ,nile level1 #aeh ,hill1 ,james ,j41 #bh1 #bi1 #ahe1 #caa ,h9doos-- ,z trad]s1 #bhg ,daily wage1 #ac1 #ad ,hoang-ho ,riv]1 #bga ,hobson1 ,g4 ,a41 #add1 #adg ---- ,joseph1 #ed ,hodges1 ,james1 #ej ,holl5burg] ,riv]1 #id ---- ,viaduct1 #ie ,holy railway to ,mecca1 #aag-bg ,hooghley ,riv]1 #bej-ea ,horn1 ,cape1 #fj1 #fc1 #fe1 #abh1 #abi ,horne1 ,w4 ,c4 ,van1 #bcf1 #bcg ,hudson ,bay1 #bbd1 #bcd ---- ---- ,trad+ ,co41 #cjh ,humboldt ,riv] t]ritory1 #cag ,hunt+ton1 ,collis ,p41 #ei1 #fj1 #fb1 #fe1 #gb1 #cjh ,huron1 ,lake1 #ed ,huvudnas ,falls1 #bfj ,hydraulic drills 7,br&t71 #hh-ij1 #ih1 #bfe ---- %ield1 !1 #ed1 #hi ---- sluic+1 #bj-ba1 #cba-b ,ibex1 #afc ,icebreak]s1 #bjj1 #bjf-g ,i*9e ,riv]1 #bjb ,illecillewaet ,riv]1 #bch ,implem5ts1 #af ,inca1 #bgd ,india-- ,briti%1 railway bridges1 #bej-ei ,riv]s (1 #bej-ea ,indians-- ,miss\ri1 #fd-i1 #cab ,pawnee1 fri5dly1 #ff1 #fh ,ris+1 #ahgf-gg1 #caj ,si\x1 #fg ,trails1 #bcd1 #caf ,indus1 #bej ,infi]nillo ,bridge1 #acd ,innsbruck1 #ij ,int]national ,conf]5ce1 !1 #dj ,irel&1 ,brunel's "w1 #bc-e ,irkutsk1 #bjj1 #bja1 #bje ,irty* ,riv]1 #bja-c ,isonzo ,gorge1 #ig ,italy1 railway int]e/s1 #cc1 #ce1 #hb-he1 #bag ,ito1 ,pr9ce1 #cje ,iwakura1 ,pr9ce1 #cjf ,japan-- ,mod]n developm5ts1 #big-cjg ,sea (1 ,insul> railway1 #cje ,s\?1 rebellion 91 #cje ,j>d9e1 ,ma!son ,co41 ,messrs41 #bij1 #bia1 #bie-f 8,jaws ( ,dea?10 !1 #bcg ,johnson1 ,edw9 ,f41 #cji ,jordan1 ,riv]1 #abb1 #abc ,jubilee ,bridge across ! ,hooghly1 #bej1 #bea ,judah1 ,!odore ,d41 #fa-d1 #caf ,julian ,alps1 !1 #ic1 #ig ,jumna ,riv]1 #bec ,kafue ,bridge1 #adg ---- ,riv]1 #adg ,kaisim ,pa%a1 #aai-ba ,kalgoorlie1 #aij1 #aib ,kalomo1 #ade-f ,k>awank5 railway1 #id-h ---- ,range1 #ic1 #ie ---- ,tunnel1 #ie1 #aih ,katanga1 #adi ,k]ma1 #aec ,key1 ,grassy1 #bdg ---- ,long1 #bdg ---- ,we/1 #bda1 #bdf ,keys1 !1 #bdb1 #bdg1 #bdh-i ,khab>ovsk1 #bja1 #baa1 #bab ,kh>t\m1 #aec1 #aef1 #aeh1 #afj ---- ,bridge1 #aeg ,khilk(f1 ,pr9ce ,m4 ,i41 #bjg-h ,kick+ ,horse ,pass1 #bbe1 #bcj1 #bcb-d1 #caf ,kilsby ,ridge1 #ai ---- ,tunnel1 #ai ,kimb]ley1 #ada ,k9ambla ,valley1 #aha ,k9d]1 ,c4 ,w41 #bib1 #big ,k9du1 #aea ,kioto-,otsu l9e1 #cjf ,kit*5]1 ,"l-- ,au/ralian railways1 on1 #aij1 #aic ,exp$ition aga9/ ! ,mahdi1 #aec-d ,kituta1 #adi-ej ,kivu1 ,lake1 #aej ,klag5furt1 #id ,klaus1 #id 8,klondike10 #ajc1 #ajh1 #aaj-aa ,knight's ,key1 #bdi ,kobe1 #cje ,kobe-,osaka l9e1 #cje ,koppel1 ,ar?ur1 #hj ,kotlass1 #bab ,k[loon1 #bii1 #cjj ,krasnoi>sk1 #aii1 #bjj1 #bjg ,krems ,valley1 #id ,la ,paz1 #acf1 #bgi-hj ,la ,prairie1 #df1 #eh ,lab\r-- ,brazilian ,portugee1 !1 #bbc ,cape to ,cairo1 native record day's "w1 #ade-f ,*ilian1 #bgg ,*9ese1 #ab-af1 #bbc1 #cja ,female1 #cja ,indian coolie1 #bic ,italian1 #hb-e ,sib]ian exile1 #baj1 #bab ,l&ore ,viaduct1 #bb ,l&'s ,end1 #bdd ,l&slides1 #ach1 #bai-bj ,lan-ho ,bridge1 #bic-d ---- ,riv]1 #bic ,lansd[ne ,bridge1 #bej ,lao-,*ay1 #cjb ,las ,cuevas1 #bgd1 #bge ,lawley1 ,a4 ,l41 #adg ,lay1 ,h4 ,n41 #cjd ,leadville1 #afc-d1 #afh-i ,leb>ge1 ,lake1 #ajd ,leopold9a railway1 !1 #bad-bc ,leslie1 ,sir ,brad=d1 ,k4,c4,i4,e41 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 #bea1 #bhb-c1 #bhg ,lewis ,cl>k1 ,messrs41 #cjh ,li-,hung-,*ang1 #bia-b1 #bie ,limbi1 #bhg 8,limit$10 !1 on 8,big ,hill10 #bca-b ,l9z1 #id ,li?g[ ,valley1 #agh 8,little ,wond]10 !1 #gg ,liv]pool1 #bjh ---- ,man*e/] railway1 #df ,liv+/one1 #aci ,lob5gula1 #ada ,london ,nor?-,we/]n railway1 #ag1 #gf ---- to ,vanc\v] 9 ! 'fifties1 #bbd ,los ,&es1 #bgj1 #bgg ,lott1 ,julius1 #hi ,luc]ne1 ,lake (1 #dc ,lu*5za ,riv]1 #bhf ,luc9 ,cut-(f1 !1 #ga-e ,ma'an1 #abb-d 8,ma*illa10 #bhc ,madras ,nor?-,ea/ l9e1 #bej ,mafek+1 #ada ,mahdi1 !1 #aai1 #aeb ---- ,kit*5]'s exp$ition1 #aec-d ---- ,t]ms made )1 #aci ,mahomm$anism1 ! ,holy railway1 #aag-bg ,maid5head ,bridge1 #bc ,makatote ,gorge1 #aie ---- ,viaduct1 #aie-f ,mallet locomotives1 #big ,man*e/] ,liv]pool railway1 #ag ,man*uria1 #baa1 #bab ,m>%all ,pass1 #afh ,ma%onal&1 #ada ,matabele1 !1 #ada ,matecumbe1 ,upp] & ,l[]1 #bdg ,matucana1 #acd ,maua1 #baf ,mecca1 #aba ---- ! ,holy railway to1 #aag-bg ,me*anical p]cussion rock-drill1 #cf ,m$9a1 #aag1 #abf ---- -,saleh1 #abe ,meiggs1 ,h5ry1 #abi1 #acj-cb1 #acc-ace1 #bgj 8,meiggs' ,v-swit*10 #acj-cb1 #ace-bgj ---- ,! 8zigzag0 sy/em1 #agg ,meissn] ,pa%a1 ,h41 #aba1 #abd-f ,melb\rne1 #ahd1 #aij ,m5ai ,/raits ,bridge1 #ej ,m5doza1 #bgj1 #bgc1 #bge ---- ,riv]1 #bga-b1 #bgd ,m]$i?1 ,j4 ,o41 #bdc-d ,metcalfe1 ,sir ,*>les1 ,b>t41 #ade-adf1 #bhe ,metre-gauge1 #bfc1 #bfg ,mexican ,c5tral1 !1 #c ,mexico1 #afb ---- ,native lab\r1 #ac ---- ,gulf (1 #bdj1 #bdf-h ,miami1 #bdj-da1 #bdi ---- to ,havana1 ,key ,we/1 #bda-i ,miasma1 #bdb-d ,midl& railway 7,w4,a471 #ahg1 #ahi ,m9aes1 #bad ,m9nesota1 #cah ,mississippi ,riv]-- ,bridges1 #bej ,sc\r+ ( !1 #beb ,miss\ri ,riv]1 #fa1 #fb1 #fd1 #ff1 #bej1 #cji1 #cab1 #cai1 #cbb 8,mix$ tra9s10 #bid ,mjolfjeld1 #bfh ,mob]ly1 ,walt]1 #f1 #bch ,m(fatt1 ,david ,h4 ,m41 #aga1 #agb 8,m(fatt0 road1 !1 #afb1 #afc ,moll5do1 #acf1 #bga1 #bgi ,mongolia1 bea/s ( burd5 f1 #baa ,mont ,c5is 8,fell0 railway1 #bag ,montana1 #bbi1 #cbj ---- ,hellgate ,canyon1 #caa ---- ,m9]al weal?1 #cab ,montreal1 railway ent]prise 91 #df-h ---- to ,vanc\v]1 #bbd ,morell1 ,e41 #cje1 #cjf ,morrison1 ,g4 ,j41 #bij ,m\nta9 railways1 ! fir/1 #ia-b ---- sickness1 #i1 #acf ,m\raviev-,am\rsky1 ,c\nt1 #aih ,m[bridge1 #cbj ,m',swadzi ,riv]1 #bhf ,mud-slides1 #bcg ,muir1 ,john1 #aij-ia ,mukd51 #bic1 #bii ,mukt> ,bey1 #abf ,mules1 ,&9e1 #bhj ,mullan ,tunnel1 #caa ,muni*1 #ic1 #aja ,mur*ison ,falls1 #bhb ---- gold-fields1 #ahh ,murzzus*lag1 #ib ,myssovaia1 #bja1 #bjf ,naihati1 #bej ,namiti ,gorge1 #cjb-d ---- ,valley1 #cjb ,nank+1 #bif ,nank[ ,pass1 #big-h ,naoyetsu1 #cjg ,natal railways1 #adj1 #aee ,necc>aviglia1 workman1 #db ,nevada1 #fa ,new ,s\? ,wales railways1 #agf-hd1 #ahf1 #bai ---- ,york1 #df1 #ei1 #fj1 #aee1 #bdj1 #bda1 #bee ---- ,york to ,san ,francisco1 #ae ---- ,zeal& railways1 #aic-g ,niag>a ,falls1 #eg ---- ,riv] susp5sion bridge1 #eg-eh1 #adc ,ni*olas ,,ii41 #bjj ,nic!roy1 #baf ,nijne\d9sk1 #aii ,nikolsk1 #bab ,nile ,riv]1 #aed ---- ,blue1 #aef-g ---- ,exp$ition1 #ahhe-f1 #aec ---- ,high level1 #aeh ,nile ,rapids1 #afj-fa ---- /eam]s1 #aeh ---- ,:ite ,nile1 #aeg-h1 #afj ---- ,valley1 #aej1 #aeb ,nippon ,railway ,co41 #cjf ,nor? ,isl& 7,n4,z47 ,trunk railway1 #aid ,nor?1 ,major ,frank ,j41 #ff-h ,nor? ,wales ,n>r[ ,gauge railway1 #gf-hg ,nor?ampton 7,w4,a471 #ahg ,nor!rn ,pacific railway1 #cjh-aa ---- crisis1 #bci ,nor!rn railway 7,w4,a471 #ahh ,nor?-,we/]n ,/ate railway1 #beb ,norway1 #bfj ---- ,trans-,norwegian railway1 #bfb ,norwegian ,ea/]n railway sy/em1 #bfg ,nyasa1 ,lake1 #bhb1 #bhg ,nyasal&-- ,negroes1 #bhc ,railways1 #bha-h ,oakl&1 #cae ,ob] ,villa*1 #aja ,obi1 #bjj ---- ,riv]1 #bja-c1 #bje ,(ot51 #bfj ,ogd51 #ge ,okuma1 ,c\nt1 #cje ,omaha1 #fe1 #fh1 #cab ,om>uru1 #hb1 #he1 #hg ,omdurman1 #aec1 #aed1 #aeg ,omsk1 #aii ,ont>io1 ,lake1 #ed1 #eg ,oodnadatta1 #ahd ,opc9a ,tunnel1 #ig ,ophir ,loop1 #agj-ga ---- ,m\nta91 #agj ,orange ,free ,/ate1 #adj ,oregon railways1 #bh-i ,or5burg1 #aii ,ori5tal ,bank1 #cje ,oroville1 #cad1 #caf ,oroya1 #acf ---- l9e1 #abi-ch1 #agg1 #bga ,osaka1 #cje ,osgood1 ,j4 ,o41 #aff-g ,oss\ri railway1 #bja ,otago1 #aif ---- ,c5tral railway1 #aif-g ,otavi l9e1 !1 #gi ---- ! new 8,copp]ado10 #gi ,otira ,gorge1 #aid1 #aie ---- ,tunnel1 #aid-e ,otsu1 #cje ,ottoman ,gov]nm5t1 !1 & ! ,b$\91 #aah1 #aai ,ouguati1 #hb ,ovambo coolies1 #hc-d 8,ov]l& ,limit$10 !1 #ge 8,ov]l& ,r\te10 #fe-f1 #ga1 #cag ,pacific ,c5tral railway1 #fc1 #fe1 #gj1 #aih1 #cae ---- railway surveys1 #cji ---- ,we/]n railway1 #cjh1 #cad-ah ,pons1 #ac ,pale/9e1 #aag1 #aai1 #abc ,panama1 ,i/hmus (1 #fe1 #bdj ,p>ahybuna ,riv]1 #bba ,p>amatta1 #agf ,p>isian ,socit de ,con/ruction des ,batignolles1 #cjc-d ,p>kes1 ,sir ,h>ry1 #cjd-e ,paul+ ,co41 ,messrs41 #ada ,pawnee ,indians1 #ff1 #fh ,paym5t 9 k9d1 #bhg-h ,paznaun ,valley1 #ij ,pe>s1 ,a4 ,g41 #bhh ,pehtang1 #bia ,pek91 #bif1 #bih-i ---- -,hank[ railway1 #bii ---- -,kalgan railway1 #bie1 #big ---- -,nank+ railway1 #bif ,p5nsylvania ,/eel ,co41 #bed1 #bee-i ,p5ri?1 #agg ,pequop ,range1 #gb1 #cag ,p]? 7,w4,a471 #ahg-i ,p]u1 #abi ,p]uvian ,c5tral railway1 #acf ---- ,corporation ( ,london1 #ace ---- ,s\!rn railway1 #bgi ,peto1 ,betts ,brassey1 ,messrs41 #dg1 #di1 #eb ,petropavlovsk1 #aii ,petropolis1 #baf1 #bba 8,phantom ,curve10 #afi ,plac] ,riv] ,valley1 #aac ,pon*a1 #afh ,pon?i]ville1 #aea ,port ,h]ald1 #bha1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #bhd1 #bhf1 #bhg ---- ,sudan1 #afj ,portl&1 ,atlantic ,coa/1 #bi1 #dh ,portmadoc1 #gf ,portugal1 railway int]e/s1 #bie ,pr9ceton1 ,d>tmoor1 #agc ,promontory ,range1 #gj1 #ga ,pueblo1 #afd1 #aga ---- & ,arkansas railway1 #afd-g ---- to ,leadville1 #afh ,puget ,s\nd1 #cji1 #cah ,pullman c>1 !1 on ! ,h$jaz railway1 #abf ,puno1 #acf1 #bgi ,puy de ,dme1 #ade ,pyrhn ,pass1 #id ---- railway1 #id ,que5sl& railways1 #agf1 #ahb1 #ahd ,rack sy/em1 !1 #baf1 #bba1 #bee1 #bgc1 #bgd1 #bgg1 #bgi1 #cjg ,ra9hill1 #df ,raiz da ,s]ra1 #baf ,rangoon1 #bee ,r$ ,sea1 !1 #abc1 #aeh1 #aei ,re9unga ,tunnel1 #bff-g ,rejaf1 #afj-fa ,resurrection ,bay1 #aab ,reuss ,riv]1 #ce ,rhodes1 ,cecil-- ,cape to ,cairo railway1 #aci-fa ,dea? (1 #adi ,rhodesia1 #ada1 #bhd ---- ,nor?-,we/1 #ade ,rigg5ba* sy/em1 !1 #baf ,rimac ,riv]1 #acj ,r9d]pe/1 #ada1 #baa ,rio de ,janeiro1 #bad1 #bae ---- ,bay (1 #baf-ag 8,rio de las animas p]didas10 #agj 8,rivi]a ( ,am]ica10 #bdi ,roa1 #bfg1 #bfi ,rob9son1 ,a4 ,a41 ! ,hang+ ,bridge1 #afe-g 8,rocket10 ,/eph5son's1 #df ,rockhampton1 #aij1 #aic ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 !1 #fh1 #acf1 #afb1 #afd1 #afg-i1 #agj1 #agb1 #agc1 #aic1 #bcj1 #bca1 #cab-ac ---- avalan*es1 #e1 #f ---- ,bozeman ,tunnel1 #caj-aa ---- ,mullan ,tunnel1 #caa ,rog]s1 ,major ,a4 ,b41 #bcd ,rog]s' ,pass1 #bcd ,roll9s ,pass1 #afc1 #agc-d ,ros5ba* ,valley1 #ie ,ross1 ,alex&] ,m41 #di1 #ej1 #eb ,r\ses's ,po9t1 #dg ,royal ,gorge1 #afd-g1 #agj ,ruapehu1 ,m\nt1 #aie ,ruo ,bridge1 #bhe-f ---- ,riv]1 #bhe ,russia1 ,asiatic1 #aih ---- ,european1 railways1 #aii1 #bje ,russo-,japanese ,w>1 #bab ,sacram5to1 #fc1 #gj1 #ga ,sah>a1 !1 #gi ,/4 ,b]n>d ,hospice1 #afc ,/4 ,clair ,riv]1 #ed ---- ,tunnel1 #ed-f ---- ---- ,electrification1 #ef-g ,/4 ,got?>d ,tunnel1 #hh-ij1 #abi1 #aie1 #bcc2 footpa?1 #cj-ca2 f9ancial arrangem5ts1 #ca-d2 h9drances1 #cd-f2 drill+1 #cf-g2 lab\r1 #cg-h2 wat]1 #ch-i2 deficit1 #ci2 dea? ( ,m4 ,favre1 #dj2 bor+s complet$1 #da-c2 ! second track1 #dc-e ,/4 ,john's1 ,quebec1 #df1 #eh ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,victoria ,jubilee ,bridge1 #df-ed ,/4 ,paul ,pass1 #cbj-ba ---- railway1 #cjh ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #bjc1 #bjg ,/4 ,p9nock ,viaduct1 #bb ,salt ,lake1 #fa1 #ga1 #gb1 #gc ---- ---- ,city1 #ga1 #afd1 #aga1 #cad1 #cag ---- ---- ,des]t1 #cah ,salta% ,bridge1 #bc ,san ,b>?olom1 #aca ,san ,diabolo ,range1 #cae ,san ,francisco1 #ei1 #fj1 #fa1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe1 #gj1 #aih1 #bbe1 #bda1 #cad1 #cae ,s>nia1 #ed ,s>ras1 #aec ,sc&9avia-- ,climate1 #ajc ,sn[-pl\ghs1 #bfj ,s*w>za* ,/4 ,veit1 #aja ,s*witz]1 ,j4 ,e41 #a1 #bcc ,scotti% ,highl&s railway1 #agc ,seattle1 #ajg1 #cah ,selkirk ,range1 !1 #f1 #bcd-h ---- 8,jaws ( ,dea?10 !1 #bcg ---- ,rog]s' ,pass1 #bcd ---- ,sn[-%$s1 #bd1 #bce-g ---- ,split f5ces1 #bcf ---- ,/oney ,creek ,bridge1 #bcg-h ,sella1 ,lake (1 #db ,selz?al1 #id ,semm]+ ,pass1 #ib ---- ,range1 #ia ,s5n>1 #aef-g ,sev]n ,tunnel1 #bgf ,sew>d1 #aab1 #aac ,%anghai1 #bac1 #bij1 #bia1 #bif ,%anghai-,nang*[-,n+po railway1 #bih ,%anghai-,nank+ railway1 #bie ,%anghai-,woosung railway1 #bij-bie ,%an-,hai-,kuan1 #bib1 #bid ,%ellal1 #aeh ,%] ,%ah1 #beb ,%ir ,riv]1 #bha1 #bhb1 #bhg ,sib]ia-- ,c5tral railway1 #bjj1 #bjc ,climate ( ,we/]n1 #bjd ,exiles z lab\r]s1 #baj-ab ,trans-,sib]ian railway1 #aih-bac ,tundras1 !1 #ah ,we/]n railway1 #bjj1 #bjc 8,sib]ia10 disease1 #baa ,sib]ian ,c5tral railway1 #bjj1 #bjc ,si]ras ,ma9 ,range1 grad+ & tunnell+1 #cad-ah ,simplon ,tunnel1 #ajj ,si\le ,riv]1 #ade ,si\x1 !1 #fg ,skaguay1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aaj1 #aaa-ab ---- railway f1 #ajc-e ,slave-trade1 ,c5tral ,africa1 #bhb-c ,smi?1 ,c4 ,%al]1 #aff ,smi?'s ,mill1 #ahg ,sn[-pl\gh1 !1 #aaa1 #agc1 #bcb1 #bfh-i1 #bgh ,sn[-%$s1 #bce-g ,sn[-slides1 #bcf ,sn[don ,/ation1 #gi ,soldi]'s ,leap1 #bgh ,sommeill]1 #cb ,sone ,bridge1 #bej ,soro*t1 sickness1 #i ,s\? ,b\ld] ,canyon1 #agb ---- ,isl&1 ,n4,z41 #aid1 #aig 8,spiral0 grad+ & tunnell+1 #dc1 #aie1 #bcc 8,split f5ces10 #bcf ,spoon]1 ,c4 ,e41 #gg ,/an=d1 ,lel&1 #fj1 #fb1 #fe1 #gj ,/anley1 #aci ,/anleyville1 #aea ,/attnitz1 #id ,/eel1 fir/ us$ = bridges1 #bfj ,/eelton1 #bed1 #bee1 #beh ,/elvio road1 #afc1 #agj1 #bgg ,/eph51 ,m\nt1 #bcj ,/eph5son1 ,george1 #ag1 #ai1 #cj1 #df1 #di-eb1 #cjh ,/eyr ,riv]1 #id ,/oney ,creek ,bridge1 #bcg-h ---- ---- ,pla91 !1 #abc 8,/raight ,l9e10 ! longe/ 9 ! _w1 #bgj ,/ret5sk1 #bja1 #baa1 #bab ,/yria1 #ia ,suak91 #aei1 #afj ,sudan-- ,railways1 #aec1 #aed1 #aef1 #aeh ,upp]1 #aeg1 #aeh ,"w ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 #afj1 #afa ,sudan ,developm5t & ,exploration ,co41 #aeh1 #afj 8,sudd10 #afj ,suez ,canal1 #bab1 #bac ---- ,gulf1 #aei ,sukkur1 #bej ,sup]ior1 ,lake1 #bbf-g1 #bcj1 #cji ,swakopmund1 #gi1 #ha1 #hb1 #hd1 #he1 #hg ,sw$51 bridges1 #bfj ,swit*back grad+1 #bai ,switz]l&-- ,alps1 !1 #afb ,f9anc+ ! ,/4 ,got?>d1 #cc ,railways1 #baf ,tunnell+ 91 #cj ,sydney1 #agg1 #aij ---- railway to ,p>amatta1 #agf ---- railway to ,que5sl&1 #ahb ,tabuk1 #abd1 #abe ,tacoma1 #cah ,takasaki-,naoyetsu railway1 #cjg ,tamboraque1 #acd ,tanganyika1 #adi-ej ,tasmanian ,sea1 #aic ,tau]n ,range1 #ic1 #ih ---- ,tunnel1 #ih-aja ,taugev&1 #bfd1 #bfe1 #bff ,t*eliab9sk1 #bjj1 #bjb ,t*eliab9sk-,k\rgan1 #aii ,tei*l ,riv]1 #id ,telephone across ,victoria ,falls1 fir/ use1 #adc-d ,t5nessee ,pass1 #afi ,tess9 ,riv]1 #ce ,texas =e/s1 #gc ,?ompson ,riv] ,canyon1 #bci ,?orndike1 ,william1 #ace-f ,ti5ts91 #bib ,tigris ,valley1 #abc ,ti\m51 #aii1 #bje ,titicaca1 ,lake1 #acf1 #acg1 #bgi ,tobol1 !1 #bjb ,tokio1 #cjd1 #cje1 #cjg ---- -,kakasaki railway1 #cjf ---- -,s5dai railway1 #cjf ---- -,yokohama railway1 #cje ,tolosa1 #bgd ,toltec ,bridge1 #afi ---- ,tunnel1 #afi ,tomsk1 #aii1 #bje1 #bac ,tong-,k+-,s+1 ,g5]al1 #bia-b ,tong%an1 #bia1 #bic 8,topograph]s' ,gul*10 #cba ,torano ,range1 #cag1 #cah ,toronto1 #dh 8,toy0 railway1 ,fe/9iog1 #gf-i ,track-lay]1 !1 #adf ,tra9+-bund1 #beb1 #bec ,trans-&9e railway1 !1 #bgj1 #bgd ,trans-,baikal railway1 #bja ,trans-,cont95tal railway-- ,fir/ ,canadian1 #bbd-ci ,propos$ ,au/ralian1 #ahi-ic ,unit$ ,/ates1 fir/1 #ei-ge ,trans-,norwegian railway1 #bfb ,trans-,sib]ian railway1 #aih-bac1 #bic1 #bii1 #cjj ,transvaal-- ,co/ ( railways1 #adj ,negro lab\r1 #bhc ,tremola ,riv]1 #ce ,trie/e1 #ia1 #ib1 #aja ,trisanna ,viaduct1 #ij ,trllhtt51 #bfb ---- ,falls1 #bfj ,tsumeb1 #gi1 #he ,tu*ili ,riv]1 #bhf ,tugela ,bridge1 #aee ,tupungato1 #bgd ,turnaga9 ,arm1 #aac ,two-foot gauge1 #gh ,uddevalla-,w5]sborg-,h]ljunga railway1 #bfj ,ug&a1 #afj ,union ,pacific railway1 #fc1 #gj1 #aga1 #aih ,unit$ ,k+dom1 mileage 9 #ahgj1 #bhi ,unit$ ,/ates-- ,fir/ trans-cont95tal1 #ei-ge ,mileage 9 #ahgj1 #bhi ,railway int]e/s1 #aab1 #bci1 #bie ,railways1 #agf1 #ahe1 #bjh ,upsallata ,/ation1 #bgc ,ural ,m\nta9s1 #aii1 #bja1 #bje1 #bac ,usakos1 #hf ,usamburu1 #aej ,usui ,pass1 #cjg ,valp>aiso1 #bgj ,vanc\v]1 #ajg1 #bbd ,vasquez1 #agd ,v]rugas ,bridge1 #acb-d1 #acf1 #ach 8,v]rugas fev]10 #acc-e ,v]rugas ,riv]1 #acb ,viaducts1 ov]hang+ pr9ciple1 #beg ,victoria1 #agf1 #ahd ---- ,bridge 7,zambesi71 #adb-d1 #aeg ---- ,des]t1 #aij ---- ,falls1 #adb-d ---- ,jubilee ,bridge 7,/4 ,lawr5ce71 #ea-d ,vi5na1 #ia1 #ic-d ,villa ,bocage1 #bhb1 #bhg ,villa*1 #aja ,vladivo/ok1 #bjj1 #bja1 #bjb1 #baa1 #bab ,vossevang51 #bfc1 #bfd1 #bff1 #bfg1 #bfi 8,v-swit*es10 #acj-cb1 #ahj1 #bgd ,wadi ,haifa1 #aec ,waian timb] tre/le1 !1 #aig ,wales1 ,nor?1 ,toy railway1 #gf-hg ,walkaway1 #ahi ,walk]1 ,messrs4 ,c4 ,h4 ,co41 #bgf ,wallula ,pacific railway1 #bh ,wankie coalfield1 #adb ,wapata ,m\nta91 #bcc ,wa%-outs1 #bai-bj ,well+ton1 #aid ,we/ ,indies1 #bdj ,we/+h\se ,electric ,co41 #ef-g ,:ite ants1 #adb1 #bhd ,:ite de luxe express1 #aeh ,:ite ,horse1 #ajd1 #aje1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaj ---- ,horse summit1 #aaj ,:ite ,nile ,bridge1 #aeg-h ---- ,pass1 #aje1 #aaj1 #aaa ---- ,pass & ,yukon l9e1 #aje-ab ---- ,pass summit1 #aaj1 #aaa 8,:ite ,tig]10 !1 #bhi1 #bif ,:itton1 ,john1 #agh-hj ,:itwor? ,co41 ,messrs41 #bjj1 #bjf ,wickl[1 #bb-bc ,w9dhuk1 #hb ,w+atui ,viaduct1 #aif-g ,w9nipeg1 #bbd ,wo*5i] ,tunnel1 #ig-h 8,wood5 flanges10 #df ,woosung1 #bij1 #bif ,wurzn] ,save ,valley1 #ig ,yablonovoi ,range1 #bji ,yamagata1 ,pr9ce1 #cjf ,y>muk ,riv]1 #abb ,yell[ fev]1 #bae ,yell[ ,gorge4 ,see ,am>illo ,gorge ---- ,riv] ,bridge1 #bii ,yell[head ,pass1 #bcj ,yell[/one ,riv]1 #cbj ,y5isei ,bridge1 #bjd ---- ,riv]1 #bja1 #bjd ,yokohama1 #cje ,yukon ,riv]1 #ajd1 #ajh ,yun-nan1 #cja-b ---- railway1 #cja-d ,yun-nan-,s51 #cjb ,zambesi ,riv]1 #adb1 #adg1 #aej1 #bha1 #bhb ,zigzag grad+1 #agg-ha1 #ahg1 #bai ---- ! ,great1 #agh-hj ,zlatoo/1 #aii1 #bjb ,zyrk\s\nsk ,m\nta9 ,*a91 #bjf ,,! ,,end ,rick>d ,clay ,sons1 ,limit$1 ,london & ,bungay ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,simple typographical errors 7 correct$2 unbalanc$ quotation m>ks 7 rem$i$ :5 ! *ange 0 obvi\s1 & o!rwise left unbalanc$4 ,illu/rations 9 ?is e,book h be5 position$ betwe5 p>agraphs & outside quotations4 ,9 v]sions ( ?is e,book t support hyp]l9ks1 ! page ref]5ces 9 ! ,li/ ( ,illu/rations lead to ! correspond+ illu/rations4 ,! index 0 n *eck$ = prop] alphabetization or correct page ref]5ces4 ,inconsi/5t appe>ance ( page ranges 0 n *ang$4 ,page #fd3 8,gold5 ,horn0 0 pr9t$ t way1 b x ref]s to ! ,gold5 ,gate ,/rait 9 ,cali=nia2 ! ,gold5 ,horn is 9 ,turkey4 ,page #fe3 8'#dg0 0 pr9t$ t way1 b gold 0 discov]$ at ,sutt]'s ,mill 9 ,janu>y1 #ahdh4