,,engrav]s ,,& ,,et*]s ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et4 ,,two ,,lov]s ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #d in*es ,9 ! ,ducal ,collection1 ,coburg ,,engrav]s ,,& ,,et*]s ,,six ,,lectures ,,deliv]$ ,,on ,,! ,,scammon ,,f\ndation ,,at ,,! ,,art ,,in/itute ,,( ,,*icago1 ,,m>* #aiaf ,,by ,,fitzroy ,,c>r+ton1 ,m4 ,a4 ,,curator ,,( ,,pr9ts ,,at ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,f9e ,,arts1 ,,bo/on2 ,,lectur] ,,on ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,engrav+ ,,at ,,h>v>d ,,univ]sity2 ,,editor ,,( 8,,! ,,pr9t-,,collector',s ,,qu>t]ly0 ,,) #acc ,,illu/rations ,illu/ration ,,! ,,art ,,in/itute ,,( ,,*icago #aiag ,,copyright #aiag ,,?oms5-,,bryan-,,ellis ,,company ,,design$ ,,& ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,?oms5-,,bryan-,,ellis ,,company ,,wa%+ton ,,baltimore ,,new ,,york ,,philadelphia ,,to ,,^? ,,:o ,,help$ ,,me ,,make ,,?is ,,book ,,9 ,,grateful ,,recognition ,,note ,! lectures pres5t$ 9 ?is volume comprise ! twelf? s]ies deliv]$ at ! ,art ,in/itute ( ,*icago on ! ,scammon ,f\ndation4 ,! ,scammon ,lecture%ip is e/abli%$ on an ample basis by beque/ ( ,mrs4 ,m>ia ,%eldon ,scammon1 :o di$ 9 #aija4 ,! w prescribes t ^! lectures %all be ^u ! hi/ory1 !ory1 & practice ( ! ,f9e ,arts 7mean+ !reby ! graphic & pla/ic arts71 by p]sons ( di/9ction or au?ority on ! subject on :i* !y lecture1 su* lectures to be prim>ily = ! b5efit ( ! /ud5ts ( ! ,art ,in/itute1 & second>ily = memb]s & o!r p]sons4 ,! lectures are kn[n z 8,! ,scammon ,lectures40 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,lecture ,i ,,g]man ,,engrav+3 ,,f ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,to ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau] #ac ,,lecture ,,ii ,,italian ,,engrav+3 ,,! ,,flor5t9es #ea ,,lecture ,,iii ,,g]man ,,engrav+3 ,,! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et ,,& ,,albre*t ,d,,r] #ie ,,lecture ,,iv ,,italian ,,engrav+3 ,,mantegna ,,to ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi #aci ,,lecture ,v ,,"s ,,ma/]s ,,( ,,portraiture #aha ,,lecture ,,vi ,,l&scape ,,et*+ #bbg ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,page ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et4 ,two ,lov]s ,frontispiece ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,play+ ,,c>ds4 ,/4 ,george #ae ,man ( ,sorr[s #af ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,ye> #addf4 ,*ri/ ,nail$ to ! ,cross #ai ,,ma/] ,,( ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/4 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ #bj ,,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,,( #adff4 ,madonna & ,*ild ) ,sa9ts ,m>gu]ite & ,ca!r9e #bc ,ec/asy ( ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5 #bd ,design = a ,pat5 #bg ,/4 ,john on ! ,isl& ( ,patmos #bh ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,virg9 ) a ,p>rot #ca ,temptation ( ,/4 ,an?ony #cb ,dea? ( ! ,virg9 #cc ,pilate ,wa%+ ,8 ,h&s #cd ,/4 ,john on ! ,isl& ( ,patmos #cg ,*ri/ ,appe>+ to ! ,magdal5 #ch ,virg9 ,seat$ 9 a ,c\rty>d #ci ,angel ( ! ,annunciation #dj ,! ,mill] #dc ,c5s] #dd ,,ma/] ,l ,,cz4 ,*ri/ ,tempt$ #dg ,*ri/ ,ent]+ ,j]usalem #dh ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,pr(ile ,portrait ( a ,lady #ec ,wild ,animals ,hunt+ & ,fight+ #ed ,triumphal ,procession ( ,bac*us & ,ariadne #eg ,jupit] #eh ,m]cury #fc ,lady ) a ,unicorn #fd ,! ,*ri/ian's ,asc5t to ! ,glory ( ,p>adise4 ,f 8,il ,monte ,sancto di ,dio10 ,flor5ce1 #adgg #fg ,dante & ,virgil ) ! ,vision ( ,beatrice4 ,f ! 8,div9a ,comm$ia10 ,flor5ce1 #adha #fh ,assumption ( ! ,virg9 7,aft] ,botticelli7 #ga ,triumph ( ,love4 ,f ! ,triumphs ( ,petr>* #gb ,triumph ( ,*a/ity4 ,f ! ,triumphs ( ,petr>* #ge ,libyan ,sibyl #gf ,,anonym\s ,,nor? ,,italian1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,! ,g5tleman4 ,f ! ,t>oc*i ,pr9ts 7,e ,s]ies7 #gi ,clio4 ,f ! ,t>oc*i ,pr9ts 7,s ,s]ies7 #hj ,! ,sun4 ,f ! ,t>oc*i ,pr9ts 7,e ,s]ies7 #hc ,angel ( ! ,eigh? ,sph]e4 ,f ! ,t>oc*i ,pr9ts 7,e ,s]ies7 #hd ,,cri/(ano ,,robetta4 ,adoration ( ! ,magi #hg ,,antonio ,,pollaiuolo4 ,battle ( ,nak$ ,m5 #hh ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et4 ,ec/asy ( ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5 #ig ,crucifixion #ih ,/ag ,hunt #aja ,/4 ,george #ajb ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,virg9 & ,*ild ) ! ,monkey #ajg ,f\r ,nak$ ,wom5 #ajh ,h]cules #aaa ,,anonym\s ,,nor? ,,italian1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,dea? ( ,orpheus #aab ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,dea? ( ,orpheus #aac ,battle ( ! ,sea-,gods 7,aft] ,mantegna7 #aad ,adam & ,eve #aag ,apollo & ,diana #aah ,/4 ,j]ome by ! ,will[ ,tree 7,fir/ ,/ate7 #aba ,holy ,family #abb ,knight1 ,dea? & ! ,devil #abe ,melan*olia #abf ,/4 ,j]ome 9 ,8 ,cell #abi ,virg9 ,seat$ ,beside a ,wall #acj ,*ri/ 9 ! ,g>d5 #acc ,erasmus ( ,rott]dam #acd ,,&rea ,,mantegna4 ,virg9 & ,*ild #ada ,battle ( ! ,sea-,gods #adb ,! ,ris5 ,*ri/ ,betwe5 ,sa9ts ,&rew & ,long9us #adg ,,s*ool ,,( ,,&rea ,,mantegna4 ,adoration ( ! ,magi #adh ,,zoan ,,&rea 7874 ,f\r ,wom5 ,danc+ #aea ,,giovanni ,,antonio ,,da ,,brescia4 ,holy ,family ) ,sa9ts ,elizabe? & ,john #aeb ,,s*ool ,,( ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci4 ,pr(ile ,bu/ ( a ,"y ,woman #aee ,,nicoletto ,,rosex ,,da ,,mod5a4 ,orpheus #aef ,,jacopo ,,de' ,,b>b>i4 ,apollo & ,diana #aei ,/4 ,ca!r9e #afj ,,giulio ,,campagnola4 ,*ri/ & ! ,woman ( ,sam>ia #afc ,ganym$e 7,fir/ ,/ate7 #afd ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ #afg ,,giulio ,,& ,,dom5ico ,,campagnola4 ,%eph]ds 9 a ,l&scape #afh ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi4 ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon #aga ,ba!rs #agb ,/4 ,cecelia #agc ,dea? ( ,lucretia #agd ,philo!o ,a*ill9i 78,! ,guit> ,play]07 #agg ,pietro ,aret9o #agh ,,ma/] ,w ,,caduceus ,s4 ,head ( a ,"y ,woman #ahc ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,alb]t ( ,br&5burg #ahd ,philip ,melan*?on #ahg ,,an?ony ,,van ,,dyck4 ,portrait ( ,himself 7,fir/ ,/ate7 #ahh ,frans ,snyd]s 7,fir/ ,/ate7 #aia ,lucas ,vor/]man 7,fir/ ,/ate7 #aib ,,rembr&t4 ,jan ,cornelis ,sylvius #aie ,rembr&t ,lean+ on a ,/one ,sill #aif ,clem5t de ,jonghe 7,fir/ ,/ate7 #aig ,jan ,lutma 7,fir/ ,/ate7 #aih ,,claude ,,mellan4 ,virg9ia da ,vezzo #bja ,fabri de ,peiresc #bjb ,,jean ,,mor94 ,c>d9al ,guido ,b5tivoglio #bje ,,rob]t ,,nanteuil4 ,pompone de ,bellivre #bjf ,basile ,f\quet #baa ,jean ,loret #bab ,j4 ,a4 ,mc,n4 ,,:i/l]4 ,annie ,had5 #bae ,riault1 ! ,engrav] #baf ,,&]s ,,zorn4 ,erne/ ,r5an #bai ,! ,toa/ #bbj ,madame ,simon #bba ,miss ,emma ,rassmuss5 #bbb ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,! ,cannon #bbi ,,augu/9 ,,hirs*vogel4 ,l&scape #bcj ,,rembr&t4 ,! ,w9dmill #bcc ,?ree ,trees #bcd ,six's ,bridge #bcg ,l&scape ) a ,ru9$ ,t[] & ,cle> ,=egr\nd #bch ,l&scape ) a ,hayb>n & a ,flock ( ,%eep #bci ,?ree ,cottages #bdj ,goldweigh]'s ,field #bdc ,,jacob ,,ruysdael4 ,:eat ,field #bdd ,,claude ,,lorra94 ,le ,b\vi] #bdi ,,*>les ,,jacque4 ,tr\peau de ,porcs #bej ,/orm--,l&scape ) a ,:ite ,horse #bec ,,*>les-,,fran,,ois ,,daubigny4 ,de] 9 a ,wood #bed ,de] ,com+ ,d[n to ,dr9k #beg ,moonlight on ! ,banks ( ! ,oise #beh ,,camille ,,corot4 ,s\v5ir ( ,italy #bfa ,,jean-,,fran,,ois ,,millet4 ,! ,glean]s #bfb ,,seym\r ,,had54 ,c>digan ,bridge #bfe ,by-,road 9 ,tipp]>y #bff ,sunset 9 ,irel& #bfg ,sawley ,abbey #bfh ,j4 ,a4 ,mc,n4 ,,:i/l]4 ,za&am 7,fir/ ,/ate7 #bga ,,rembr&t4 ,view ( ,am/]dam f ! ,ea/ #bgb ,,to ,,! ,,read] ,:5 t mo/ s5sitive ( ,am]ican pr9t-lov]s1 ! late ,francis ,bull>d1 le>n$ t ,i 0 to deliv] at ,h>v>d1 ea* ye>1 a c\rse ( lectures on ! ,hi/ory & ,pr9ciples ( ,engrav+1 he wrote me "o ( ^? *>act]i/ic lett]s :i* ende>$ him to 8 fri5ds1 conclud+ 8 wise c\nsels ) ^! words3 8,no?+ orig9al--get x all out ( ! books40 ,9 ^! six lectures ,i h endeavor$ to pr(it by 8 sugge/ion4 ,9 !m !re is little orig9al3 mo/ ( x is out ( ! books4 ,books1 h[ev]1 l ,nature1 are a /oreh\se f :i* we draw :atev] is be/ suit$ to our imm$iate ne$s2 & if 9 *oos+ t :i* might int]e/ an audi5ce1 to ! majority ( :om engrav+s & et*+s 7 an unexplor$ c\ntry1 ,i h pref]r$ ! obvi\s to ! pr(\nd1 ,i tru/ t ! true-blue ,pr9t ,exp]t w =give me4 ,^! simple lectures make no pret5se ( be+ a ,hi/ory ( ,engrav+1 or a manual ( ,h[ to ,appreciate ,pr9ts4 ,my sole aim has be5 to %>e ) my audi5ce ! /imulation & pleasure :i* c]ta9 pr9ts by ! great engrav]s & et*]s h giv5 me4 ,if ,i h succe$$1 ev5 a little1 ,i %all be happy4 ,i w\ld add t ! lectures are pr9t$ 9 sub/antially ! same =m z !y 7 deliv]$4 ,consequ5tly !y mu/ be read 9 connection ) ! illu/rations :i* accompany !m4 ,! ,bibliographies :i* foll[ ea* *apt] h be5 prep>$ by ,mr4 ,adam ,e4 ,m4 ,paff1 ,assi/ant 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,pr9ts at ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on4 ,,fitzroy ,,c>r+ton ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,june #bf1 #aiaf ,,engrav]s ,,& ,,et*]s ,,g]man ,,engrav+3 ,,f ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,to ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau] ,:]e 7 ! beg9n+s8 ,:5 7 ! beg9n+s8 ,g]many1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 & ,italy h ea* claim$ priority4 ,max ,lehrs has settl$ ^! rival claims1 s f> z !y c be settl$ at ! pres5t "t1 by locat+ ! cradle ( engrav+ nei!r 9 ,g]many1 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 nor 9 ,italy1 b 9 a neutral c\ntry--,switz]l&1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,basle--nam+ ! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,play+ ,,c>ds z probably ! e>lie/ engrav] ^: works h come d[n to u4 ,und\bt$ly ?is arti/ 0 n ! fir/ to engrave ^u metal plates1 b ( 8 pr$ecessors no?+ is kn[n1 nor has any example ( _! "w surviv$4 ,! te*nical me?od ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,play+ ,c>ds is t ( a pa9t] r ?an ( a goldsmi?4 ,!re is practically no cross-hat*+1 & ! effect is produc$ by a s]ies ( delicate l9es1 mo/ly v]tical1 laid close toge!r4 ,8 plates are unsign$ & undat$1 s t we c only approximate ! p]iod ( 8 activity4 ,t he prec$$1 by at lea/ t5 ye>s1 ! e>lie/ dat$ engrav+1 ! ,flagellation1 by ! ,ma/] ( #addf1 may safely be assum$1 s9ce 9 ! manuscript copy ( ,conrad von ,wrzburg's 8,! ,trojan ,w>10 transcrib$ 9 #adda by ,he9ri* von ,/e9furt 7an ecclesia/ic ( ,osnabrck71 !re are p5 draw+s ( figures we>+ co/umes :i* correspond exactly ) ^? 9 pr9ts by ! ,ma/] ( ! ,play+ ,c>ds 9 8 middle p]iod4 ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,play+ ,c>ds is1 !re=e1 ! fir/ bright morn+ /> ( engrav+4 ,f him !re fl[s a /ream ( influ5ce affect+ sub/antially all ( ! ,g]man ma/]s until ! "t ( ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]1 "s ( ^: e>li] plates %[ unmi/akable traces ( an acqua9tance%ip ) 8 "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,play+ ,,c>ds4 ,,/4 ,,george ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #e #e in*es ,9 ! ,royal ,pr9t ,room1 ,dresd5 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,play+ ,,c>ds4 ,,man ,,( ,,sorr[s ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #e in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon is 9 8 e>ly mann]4 ,"h are pla9ly to be se5 ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is fir/ p]iod--! brok51 /ratifi$ rocks1 ! isolat$ & conv5tionaliz$ plants1 & ! peculi> draw+ ( ! horse1 especially its slant+ & half-human eyes4 ,! ,play+ ,c>ds1 f :i* he takes 8 "n1 may safely be assign$ to 8 middle p]iod4 ,! suits are made up ( ,fl[]s 7roses & cyclam571 ,wild ,m51 ,birds1 & ,de]1 ) a fif?1 or alt]native suit ( ,lions & ,be>s4 ,l all ! e>ly ,g]man design]s ( play+ c>ds1 he has giv5 free re9 to 8 fancy & inv5tiv5ess4 ,! position ( ! diff]5t emblems is v>i$ = ea* num]al c>d2 & ea* fl[]1 wild man1 bird1 or bea/1 has an attitude & "* ( its own1 no two be+ id5tical4 ,no engrav] has surpass$ him 9 tru?fulness & subtlety ( obs]vation & 9 ! del9eation ( birds few arti/s h equall$ him4 ,8 r5d]+ ( ! gr[? & =m ( fl[]s w\ld h delight$ ,john ,rusk94 ,9 ! ,k+ ( ,cyclam5 & ! ,que5 ( ,cyclam5 ! faces h an almo/ portrait-l individuality4 ,! h&s are well drawn & d n yet display t att5uation :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ne>ly all fifte5? c5tury ,g]man ma/]s & is a noticeable feature 9 engrav+s by ,m>t9 ,s*ongau] himself4 ,! clo?+ falls 9 natural folds1 & 9 ! ,k+ ( ,cyclam5 ! repres5tation ( fur c\ld h>dly be bett]$4 ,to 8 late/ & mo/ mature p]iod mu/ be assign$ ! ,man ( ,sorr[s--9 "s ways 8 f9e/1 & c]ta9ly 8 mo/ mov+1 plate4 ,n only has he diff]5tiat$ betwe5 ! textures ( ! l95 lo9-clo? & ! co>s] mat]ial ( ! cloak2 b ! column1 ! cross ) its beautiful & tru?ful indication ( ! gra9 ( ! wood1 & ! gr\nd itself1 all are treat$ ) a k & a s5sitiv5ess t is surpris+4 ,! engrav]'s greate/ triumph1 h[ev]1 is 9 ! figure ( ,*ri/4 ,!re is a feel+ = =m & /ructure1 sadly lack+ 9 ! "w ( 8 successors1 & 8 sugge/ion ( ! /ra9$ & puls+ ve9s1 :i* ?rob ?r\gh ! ,r$eem]'s tortur$ limbs1 is ( a compell+ tru?4 ,*ief among ! engrav]s :o %[ mo/ cle>ly ! influ5ce ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,play+ ,c>ds is ! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,ye> #addf1 s nam$ f ! date :i* appe>s 9 ! ,flagellation4 ,8 pr9ts pres5t a m or less primitive appe>ance1 & 7 x n = ?is date1 "o might be tempt$1 on int]nal evid5ce1 to assign !m to an e>li] p]iod4 ,9 ! ,passion s]ies1 9 p>ticul>1 _m ( ! figures are m gnome-l ?an human4 ,su* creatures z ! man bl[+ a horn1 9 ,*ri/ ,nail$ to ! ,cross1 & ! man pull+ ^u a rope1 9 ! same pr9t1 recall to our m9ds1 by an association ( ideas1 ! old ,g]man fairy tales4 ,contempor>y ) ! ,ma/] ( #addf1 & belong+ to ! ,burgundian-,ne!rl&s gr\p1 to :i* also belong ! two anonym\s engrav]s kn[n z ! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,m\nt ,,( ,,calv>y & ! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,m>y1 is ! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,g>d5s ,,( ,,love4 ,8 figures are crude 9 draw+ & /iff 9 _! movem5ts4 ,8 k ( tree =ms is rudim5t>y2 b 8 animals & birds %[ real obs]vation & seem to h be5 /udi$ f life4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,ye> #addf4 ,,*ri/ ,,nail$ ,,to ,,! ,,cross ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #d #c in*es ,9 ! ,royal ,pr9t ,room1 ,b]l9 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/4 ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #h #e in*es ,9 ! ,alb]t9a1 ,vi5na ,9 ! l>g] ( ! two engrav+s f :i* he takes 8 "n1 we see reflect$ ! pleasure-lov+ c\rt ( ! ,dukes ( ,burgundy4 ,on ! "r1 a lady leads h] lov] to a table spread ) tempt+ vi&s4 ,%e /ret*es =? h] "r h& to take ! fruit4 ,x is a fig1 ! sign ( f]tility4 ,to _! "r1 dr9k+ f a /ream1 is a unicorn1 ! sign ( *a/ity4 ,! arti/ seem+ly wi%es ! lady's message to read t %e is /ill unw$d$1 & t1 7 %e w$d$1 %e w\ld be a good "m4 ,obs]ve1 likewise1 ! way 9 :i* ! engrav] has plac$ ! wild hogs1 de]1 & be>s em]g+ f ! woods1 :ile1 9 ! sky1 num]\s birds w+ _! flight4 ,9 ! imm$iate =egr\nd a lady & a cavali] are read+ poetry to ea* o!r4 ,ano!r lady plays to a gallant :o1 9 a mo/ uncom=table attitude1 holds a %eet ( music4 ,9 ! "r-h& corn] is a f\r? pair1 ! lady busily tw9+ a wrea? = h] lov]'s hat1 :i* lies on h] lap4 ,we h "h a comp5dium ( ! c\rtly life ( ! "t1 :i* is ab\t #addh4 ,,! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ may fitt+ly be call$ ! fir/ reali/ 9 engrav+4 ,8 plates d n display t extraord9>y delicacy 9 cutt+ :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,play+ ,c>ds4 ,l t e>li] engrav]1 he makes little use ( cross-hat*+1 & 8 /rokes are freely dispos$--m 9 ! mann] ( a pa9t] ?an a goldsmi?-engrav]4 ,8 birds & fl[]s are closely obs]v$ & admirably r5d]$4 ,! mulle91 ! columb9e1 & ! iris 9 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ are ea* giv5 _! individual "*2 ! tree trunks to ! "r no long] resemble twi/$ columns1 z 9 e>li] "w1 b h real b>k ) knot holes & bran*es organically jo9$1 ?\gh ! foliage is /ill conv5tionally treat$4 ,"o _c b rem>k1 also1 ! skilful way 9 :i* ! engrav] has diff]5tiat$ betwe5 ! furry und]g>m5t & ! cloak :i* ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ we>s4 ,9 ,/4 ,*ri/oph] we h probably "o ( 8 late/ works4 ,8 repres5tation ( ! waves1 ( ! sky & cl\ds1 is notewor?y1 :ile1 on ! bea*1 ! sea-%ells give mute te/imony to 8 love = little ?+s4 ,( ! pr$ecessors ( ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]1 none ex]t$ a great] influ5ce ?an ! ,,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,,( #adff4 ,on ! te*nical side he 0 ! actual creator ( engrav+ z practis$ 9 mod]n times1 & 0 a det]m9+ factor 9 ! progress ( ! art4 ,ev5 ! ,italian engrav]s 7 unable to )/& x2 _! ,prophets & ,sibyls are p>tly d]iv$ f 8 ,evangeli/s & ,apo/les1 ! easy disposition ( 8 drap]ies furni%+ !m ) models4 ,ov] ?ree hundr$ engrav+s by ! ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 h come d[n to u1 & ov] a hundr$ m c be trac$ ?r\gh copies by o!r h&s1 or z hav+ =m$ compon5t p>ts ( 8 two sets ( play+ c>ds--! small] set made up ( ,wild ,animals1 ,helmets1 ,escut*eons1 & ,fl[]s1 :ile ! l>g] set comprises ,m51 ,dogs1 ,birds1 & ,escut*eons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,,( #adff4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,sa9ts ,,m>gu]ite ,,& ,,ca!r9e ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #h #f in*es ,9 ! ,royal ,pr9t ,room1 ,dresd5 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,,( #adff4 ,,ec/asy ,,( ,,/4 ,,m>y ,,magdal5 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #e in*es ,9 ! ,royal ,pr9t ,room1 ,dresd5 ,8 "w %[s unmi/akably ! influ5ce ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,play+ ,c>ds1 & we may safely place him 9 ! region ( ! upp] ,rh9e1 probably 9 ! vic9ity ( ,freiburg or ,breisa*4 ,9 ! ,madonna & ,*ild ) ,sa9ts ,m>gu]ite & ,ca!r9e 8 peculi> qualities & limitations may cle>ly be se54 ,! plants & fl[]s1 ) :i* ! gr\nd is ?ickly c>pet$1 are engrav$ 9 firm1 cle>-cut l9es1 betok5+ ! tra9$ h& ( ! goldsmi?4 ,! figures & drap]y are r5d]$ ) delicate s+le /rokes2 b 9 ! %ad$ portions ( ! wall1 back ( ! ,madonna1 cross-hat*+ is skilfully employ$4 ,z is ! case 9 ne>ly all ! works ( ! e>ly ,g]man engrav]s1 ! laws ( p]spective are imp]fectly und]/ood1 b none ! less ! composition has a *>m all its own4 ,! ,ec/asy ( ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5 is ( int]e/1 n only te*nically & arti/ically1 b because ( its influ5ce ^u ! ,ma/] ( ! ,am/]dam ,cab9et1 :o has twice treat$ ! subject1 & ^u ,albre*t ,dr]1 by :om we h a woodcut seem+ly copi$ f ?is engrav+4 ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]1 likewise1 may h pr(it$ by ! fea!r$ =ms ( ! angels :i* reappe>1 some:at modifi$1 9 8 engrav+ ( ! ,nativity4 ,! birds & ! isolat$ plants 9 ! =egr\nd /ill %[ ! influ5ce ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,play+ ,c>ds4 ,/4 ,mat!w 7:om we %all meet aga9 9 our consid]ation ( ,flor5t9e engrav+1 trans=m$ into ! ,tiburt9e ,sibyl1 engrav$ 9 ! ,f9e ,mann] ( ! ,f9igu]ra ,s*ool7 & ,/4 ,paul 7:o likewise reappe>s z ,amos 9 ! s]ies ( ,prophets & ,sibyls7 %[ an increas+ comm& ( te*nical res\rces4 ,! drap]ies are beautifully dispos$2 &1 9 ,/4 ,paul1 ! sy/em ( cross-hat*+ ^u ! back ( ! *air1 9 ! %ad$ portions b5ea?1 & ^u ! mantle ( ! sa9t1 is fully develop$4 ,! ,madonna ( ,e9si$eln1 dat$ #adff1 is usually acc\nt$ ! engrav]'s ma/]piece4 ,beautiful ?\gh x is 9 composition & 9 execution1 x sugge/s a translation1 into black & :ite1 ( a pa9t+1 & on te*nical gr\nds1 z well z = ! beauty ( its compon5t p>ts1 "o may pref] ! ,design = a ,pat51 dat+ f ! same ye> #adff4 ,"h ! c5tral sc5e1 repres5t+ ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 owes n a little1 bo? 9 composition & 9 te*nique1 to ! ,ma/] ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,! f\r ,evangeli/s1 arrang$ 9 alt]nation ) _! appropriate symbols1 ar\nd ! c5tral picture1 are little ma/]pieces ( *>act]ization & ( engrav+1 & !re c be no?+ b unmix$ admiration = ! way 9 :i* plant & bird =ms are wov5 into a p]fectly h>moni\s patt]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,,( #adff4 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,pat5 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g in*es 9 diamet] ,9 ! ,royal ,pr9t ,room1 ,b]l9 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,,( #adff4 ,,/4 ,,john ,,on ,,! ,,isl& ,,( ,,patmos ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #h #e in*es ,9 ! ,h(bibliotek1 ,vi5na ,/4 ,john on ! ,isl& ( ,patmos likewise %[s unmi/akably ! influ5ce ( ! ,ma/] ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ & is d\bly int]e/+ inasmu* z1 9 its turn1 x _h a %ap+ influ5ce ^u ! engrav+ ( ! same subject by ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]4 ,x is dat$ #adfg1 ! late/ date f\nd ^u any plate by ! ,ma/] ,e4 ,s41 & x is assum$ t 9 ?is ye> 8 activity came to an end4 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]1 :o 0 born 9 ,colm> ab\t #adde & is kn[n to h di$ 9 #adia1 is n only ! mo/ em95t pa9t] & engrav] 9 ! latt] ?ird ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 he is "o ( ! v greate/ ma/]s ( ! graphic arts4 ,8 plates numb] "o hundr$ & fifte51 &1 z 9 ! case ( ,albre*t ,dr]1 x is ^u 8 engrav$ "w1 r ?an ^u 8 all too few pa9t+s1 t 8 immortality mu/ re/4 ,s*ongau]'s pr9ts c be arrang$ 9 some?+ approximat+ *ronological ord]4 ,9 ! e>lie/ twelve engrav+s ! %anks ( ! lett] ,m1 9 8 monogram1 are drawn v]tically1 :]eas 9 all 8 lat] pr9ts !y slant outw>d4 ,?is app>5tly m9or po9t is really ( great significance 9 a /udy ( 8 developm5t1 s9ce x enables u to place correctly c]ta9 plates :i*1 until rec5tly1 7 assign$ to 8 late/ p]iod1 su* z ! ,dea? ( ! ,virg91 ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 & ! ,flight ,into ,egypt4 ,"o ( ! ri*e/ ton$ plates 9 ?is fir/ gr\p is ! ,virg9 ) a ,p>rot1 an engrav+ :i*1 incid5tally1 exi/s 9 two /ates4 ,9 ! second /ate1 ! cu%ion ^u :i* ! ,*ri/ ,*ild is seat$1 in/ead ( be+ pla91 has an elaborate patt]n ^u ! upp] side1 & ! fl[+ tresses ( ! ,virg9 are ext5d$ m to ! left1 !reby greatly improv+ ! composition z a :ole4 ,= ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]1 z = ne>ly all ! e>li] ,g]man ma/]s1 ! grotesque _h a /range fasc9ation4 ,8 p[] ( weld+ toge!r p>ts ( v>i\s animals into liv+ fanta/ic creatures is n[h]e bett] se5 ?an 9 ! ,temptation ( ,/4 ,an?ony4 ,vas>i tells h[ ! "y ,mi*elangelo1 meet+ ) an impression ( ?is engrav+ 9 ,flor5ce1 0 impell$ to copy x ) a p5 89 su* a mann] z _h nev] be=e be5 se54 ,he pa9t$ x 9 colors also1 & ! bett] to imitate ! /range =ms among ^! devils1 he b\ght fi% :i* _h scales some:at resembl+ ^? ( ! demon4 ,9 ?is p5 copy also he display$ s mu* ability t 8 cr$it & reputation 7 greatly enhanc$ !reby40 ,x w\ld appe> to be "o ( ,s*ongau]'s e>ly plates1 n only f ! =m ( ! monogram1 b also f ! treatm5t ( ! upp] portion ( ! sky1 %ad$ ) _m horizontal grav] /rokes1 gr[+ /rong] z ! upp] edge ( ! plate is rea*$--a treatm5t :i* does n occur 9 any o!r pr9t by him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,,virg9 ,,) ,a ,,p>rot ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #d in*es ,9 ! ,public ,art ,collections1 ,basle ,illu/ration3 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,,temptation ,,( ,,/4 ,,an?ony ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ab #i in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,,dea? ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aj #f in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,,pilate ,,wa%+ ,,8 ,,h&s ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #d in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,among ! myriad r5d]+s ( ! ,dea? ( ! ,virg91 by pa9t]s & engrav]s1 x is d\btful if any v]sion is sup]ior1 s f> z dramatic int5sity is conc]n$1 to ,s*ongau]'s4 ,z a composition1 ,dr]'s woodcut f ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 is simpl] & m 8tell+10 9 t c]ta9 non-ess5tials h be5 elim9at$2 b c\ld we well sp>e s beautiful a design z t ( ! c&elabrum :i*1 9 ,s*ongau]'s engrav+1 /&s at ! foot ( ! b$8 ,f ! twelve plates ( ! ,passion1 ea* ( :i* repays /udy1 x is n easy to select "o = reproduction4 ,! ,crucifixion1 a subject :i* ,s*ongau] engrav$ no less ?an six times1 has a poignant *>m2 & = %e] beauty ! ,resurrection is among ! mo/ significant ( ! s]ies4 ,pilate ,wa%+ ,8 ,h&s has1 h[ev]1 a d\ble int]e/4 ,! faces ( ,*ri/'s torm5tors & ( ! figures /&+ beside & to ! left ( ,pilate's ?rone1 are /rongly *>act]iz$1 portrait-l heads1 9 m>k$ contra/ ) ! g5tl5ess ( ,*ri/1 & ! weak & vacillat+ ,pilate4 ,! en?ron$ ,pilate lat] reappe>s z ! ,prophet ,daniel 9 ! s]ies ( ,prophets & ,sibyls1 ,flor5t9e engrav+s 9 ! ,f9e ,mann]4 ,we h already ref]r$ to ,/4 ,john on ! ,isl& ( ,patmos by ! ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,a m significant contra/ betwe5 ! "w ( ! e>li] engrav] & t ( ,s*ongau] c\ld h>dly be f\nd4 ,! ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 gives a multiplicity ( objects1 animate & inanimate1 *>m+ & int]e/+ 9 !mselves1 b di/ract+ f ! ma9 purpose ( ! composition--witness ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph] cross+ ! riv] 9 ! middle di/ance1 ! lion & ! t]rifi$ horse 9 ! wood to ! "r1 ! swan 9 ! /ream to ! left1 & ! life-l birds p]*$ ^u ! ca/le-cr[n$ cliff4 ,s*ongau] elim9ates all ^! accessories4 ,"o vessel & two small boats alone break ! calm expanse ( ! unruffl$ sea4 ,save = ! two plants 9 ! =egr\nd 7:i* betray ! influ5ce ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,play+ ,c>ds7 ! gr\nd is simply treat$ & (f]s little to di/ract our att5tion f ! seat$ figure ( ,/4 ,john1 :o faces to ! left & gazes upw>ds at ! ,madonna & ,*ild 9 glory4 ,! eagle be>s a /rong family lik5ess to ! same bird 9 ! ,design = a ,pat5 by ! ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,s*ongau] has "h drawn a tree1 n b>e1 z is 8 wont1 b adorn$ ) foliage beautifully dispos$ & arti/ically treat$1 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! conv5tional & decorative mann] ( ! ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 & 8 pr$ecessors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,,/4 ,,john ,,on ,,! ,,isl& ,,( ,,patmos ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #d in*es ,9 ! ,kun/halle1 ,hamburg ,illu/ration3 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,,*ri/ ,,appe>+ ,,to ,,! ,,magdal5 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #f in*es ,9 ! ,kun/halle1 ,hamburg ,illu/ration3 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,,virg9 ,,seat$ ,,9 ,a ,,c\rty>d ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #d in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,,angel ,,( ,,! ,,annunciation ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #d in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,! type ( ! ,r$eem]1 :i* ,s*ongau] has made s peculi>ly 8 own1 is n[h]e se5 to bett] advantage ?an 9 ! two beautiful plates ( ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ ,appe>+ to ! ,magdal54 ,max ,geisb]g acclaims ! la/-nam$ z ,s*ongau]'s mo/ beautiful engrav+4 8,"h1 ! cont5ts ( ! composition h receiv$ an embodim5t1 ! f]vor1 dep?1 & delicacy ( :i* h nev] be5 surpass$ 9 art40#a ,x c1 h[ev]1 %>e ?is high praise ) ! ,virg9 ,seat$ 9 a ,c\rty>d & ! ,angel ( ! ,annunciation4 ,= %e] beauty1 ^! plates rema9 to ?is day n only unsurpass$1 b unequall$4 ,:at quietude & re/ra9t !re is 9 ! ,virg9 ,seat$ 9 a ,c\rty>d1 ! wall back ( h] discreetly b>e1 ! grass indicat$ by a few small b significant /rokes1 :ile ! bran*es ( "o little1 leafless tree =m an exquisite patt]n aga9/ ! unt\*$ sky6 ,by contra/ "o ( ,dr]'s te*nical ma/]pieces--! ,virg9 ,seat$ by a ,city ,wall--seems ov]work$ & ov]load$ ) ne$less accessories4 #a ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]4 ,by ,dr4 ,max ,geisb]g4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ,april1 #aiad4 p4 #abh4 ,! ,angel ( ! ,annunciation m>ks ! culm9ation ( ,s*ongau]'s art & belongs to 8 mo/ mature p]iod4 ,ev]y?+ n absolutely necess>y = a cle> pres5tation has be5 elim9at$4 ,a slight %ad[ ^u ! gr\nd gives solidity to ! figure4 ,all else is blank4 ,! art ( simplification c h>dly g fur!r1 & 7 "o to be re/rict$ to ! *oice ( a s+le pr9t by any ( ,dr]'s pr$ecessors1 "o might wisely select ! ,angel ( ! ,annunciation4 ,t ,s*ongau] 0 equally int]e/$ 9 ?+s mundane is conv9c+ly prov$ by ,peasants ,go+ to ,m>ket1 ,goldsmi?'s ,appr5tices ,fight+1 or ,! ,mill]4 ,h[ well he has diff]5tiat$ betwe5 ! "m-ass1 fill$ ) mat]nal solicitude1 & ! woolly1 /ocky1 & some:at fooli% little donkey :i* foll[s1 :ile ! mill] ) uprais$ /aff urges h] onw>d4 ,! ,crozi] & ! ,c5s] furni% unmi/akable pro(1 7 su* ne$$1 t z a goldsmi?-design]1 no less ?an z an engrav]1 ,s*ongau] is entitl$ to ! l(tie/ place 9 ,g]man art4 ,!y are ma/]pieces1 alike 9 inv5tion & 9 execution4 ,8 influ5ce 0 n conf9$ to 8 contempor>ies1 b c be trac$ 9 _m ways1 & 9 _m m$ia1 long aft] 8 dea?4 ,8 ,s*ool1 h[ev]1 produc$ no engrav] wor?y1 = a mom5t1 ( comp>ison ) him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,,! ,,mill] ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #c #d in*es ,9 ! ,alb]t9a1 ,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,,c5s] ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #h in*es ,! ,,ma/] ,l ,cz alone seems to h caught some?+ ( ,s*ongau]'s _s :ile1 at ! same "t1 pres]v+ 8 own individuality4 ,! face ( ! ,r$eem] 9 ,*ri/ ,ent]+ ,j]usalem is rem9isc5t ( ! e>li] engrav]2 &1 among ! ,apo/les to ! left1 two1 at lea/1 are tak51 ) slight modifications1 f ,s*ongau]'s ,dea? ( ! ,virg94 ,*ri/ ,tempt$ has a s+ul> *>m4 ,! figure ( ,satan1 reali/ically treat$1 is an int]e/+ example ( t passion = ! grotesque f :i* ev5 ! greate/ arti/s 9 ! ,nor? seem$ unable to %ake !mselves :olly free4 ,! wood 9 ! middle di/ance1 to ! left ( ,*ri/1 ev9ces a close /udy ( natural =ms1 :ile ! l&scape takes its place admirably 9 ! composition4 ,! excessive r>ity ( engrav+s by ,l ,cz alone has prev5t$ !m f be+ appreciat$ at _! true wor?4 ,!y are orig9al 9 composition1 full ( fantasy & *>m4 ,ev5 s univ]sal an arti/ z ,albre*t ,dr] did n disda9 to borr[1 f ,*ri/ ,tempt$1 ! motive ( ! m\nta9 goat gaz+ d[nw>d1 :i* reappe>s1 slightly modifi$1 9 ,adam & ,eve1 8 ma/]piece ( ! ye> #aejd4 ,,engrav]s ,,& ,,et*]s ,,g]man ,,engrav+3 ,,f ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,to ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau] ,,bibliography ,,le ,,pe9tre ,,graveur4 ,by ,adam ,b>ts*4 #ba volumes4 ,vi5na3 #ahjc-ahba4 ,volumes #f & #aj1 ,e>ly ,g]man ,engrav]s4 ,,les ,,deux ,,c5ts ,,incunables ,,xylographiques ,,du ,d,,p>tem5t ,,des ,,e/ampes4 ,by ,h5ri ,b\*ot4 ,volume #a1 ,text4 ,volume #b1 ,atlas 7#aia reproductions74 ,p>is3 ,librairie ,c5trale des ,beaux-,arts4 #aijc4 ,,ges*i*te ,,und ,,kritis*] ,,katalog ,,des ,,deuts*51 ,,ni$]l,,ndis*5 ,,und ,,franz,,sis*5 ,,kupf]/i*s ,,im ,,xv4 ,,jahrhund]t4 ,by ,max ,lehrs4 ,vi5na3 ,gesells*aft fr v]vielfltig5de ,kun/4 ,volume #a4 ,! ,primitives4 ,) portfolio ( #aad reproductions on #dc plates4 #aijh4 ,volume #b4 ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,) portfolio ( #bcg reproductions on #ib plates4 #aiaj4 ,,die ,,lte/5 ,,deuts*5 ,,spielk>t5 ,,des ,k,,nigli*5 ,,kupf]/i*-,,cab9ets ,,zu ,,dresd54 ,by ,max ,lehrs4 #ig reproductions on #bi plates4 ,dresd53 ,w4 ,h(fmann4 #ahhe4 ,,katalog ,,d] ,,im ,,g]manis*5 ,,museum ,,bef9dli*5 ,,deuts*5 ,,kupf]/i*e ,,des ,,xv4 ,,jahrhund]ts4 ,by ,max ,lehrs4 #a orig9al engrav+ & #i reproductions4 ,nrnb]g4 #ahhg4 ,,le ,,pe9tre-,,graveur4 ,by ,j4 ,d4 ,passavant4 #f volumes4 ,leipzig3 ,rudolph ,weigel4 #ahfj-ahfd4 ,volumes #a & #b1 ,e>ly ,g]man ,engrav]s4 ,,hi/oire ,,de ,l',,orig9e ,,et ,,des ,,progr,s ,,de ,,la ,,gravure ,,dans ,,les ,,pays-,,bas ,,et ,,en ,,allemagne1 ,,jusqu' ,,la ,,f9 ,,du ,,qu9zi,,me ,,si,,cle4 ,by ,jules ,r5\vi]4 ,brussels3 ,m4 ,hayez4 #ahfj4 ,,die ,,inkunabeln ,,des ,,kupf]/i*s ,,im ,,kgl4 ,,kab9et ,,zu ,m,,n*54 ,by ,wilhelm ,s*midt4 #cb reproductions4 ,muni*4 #ahhg4 ,,manuel ,,de ,l',,amateur ,,de ,,la ,,gravure ,,sur ,,bois ,,et ,,sur ,m,,tal ,,au ,,xv ,,si,,cle4 ,by ,wilhelm ,ludwig ,s*reib]4 ,volumes #a-d1 ,text4 ,volumes #f-h1 ,reproductions4 ,b]l93 ,alb]t ,cohn1 #ahia-aijj4 7,vol4 #d 9 ,leipzig3 ,o4 ,h>rass[itz47 ,a ,,descriptive ,,catalogue ,,( ,,e>ly ,,pr9ts ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,by ,william ,hughes ,will%ire4 #b volumes4 #bb reproductions4 ,london3 ,! ,tru/ees4 #ahgi-ahhc4 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,play+ ,,c>ds 7fl\ri%$ #addj-adej7 ,,das ,,lte/e ,,ge/o*5e ,,deuts*e ,,k>t5spiel ,,vom ,,mei/] ,,d] ,,spielk>t5 7,,vor #addf74 ,by ,max ,geisb]g4 #fh reproductions on #cc plates4 ,/rassburg3 ,j4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,heitz 7,heitz ,mndel74 #aije4 7,/udi5 zur deuts*5 ,kun/ges*i*te4 ,"p #ff47 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,g>d5s ,,( ,,love 7fl\ri%$ #adde-adej7 ,,d] ,,mei/] ,,d] ,,liebesg,,rt52 ,,e9 ,,beitrag ,,zur ,,ges*i*te ,,des ,,lte/5 ,,kupf]/i*s ,,9 ,,d5 ,,ni$]l&54 ,by ,max ,lehrs4 #bh reproductions on #aj plates4 ,dresd53 ,bruno ,s*ulze4 #ahic4 ,,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 7fl\ri%$ #adej-adgj7 ,,d] ,,mei/] ,e4 ,s42 ,,se9 ,,"n1 ,,se9e ,,heimat1 ,,und ,,se9 ,,ende4 ,by ,pet] ,p4 ,alb]t4 #bj reproductions on #af plates4 ,/rassburg3 ,j4 ,h4 ,ed-,heitz 7,heitz ,mndel74 #aiaa4 7,/udi5 zur deuts*5 ,kun/ges*i*te4 ,"p #acg47 ,,! ,,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,,& ,,! 8,,ars ,,mori5di02 ,a ,,*apt] ,,9 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engrav+ ,,dur+ ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury4 ,by ,lionel ,cu/4 #df reproductions4 ,ox=d3 ,cl>5don ,press4 #ahih4 ,,die ,,anf,,nge ,,des ,,deuts*5 ,,kupf]/i*es ,,und ,,d] ,,mei/] ,e4 ,s4 ,by ,max ,geisb]g4 #aba reproductions on #ga plates4 ,leipzig3 ,kl9kh>dt ,bi]mann4 #aiji4 7,mei/] d] ,graphik4 ,vol4 #b47 ,,ges*i*te ,,und ,,kritis*] ,,katalog ,,des ,,deuts*51 ,,ni$]l,,ndis*5 ,,und ,,franz,,sis*5 ,,kupf]/i*s ,,im ,,xv4 ,,jahrhund]t4 ,by ,max ,lehrs4 ,vi5na3 ,gesells*aft fr v]vielfltig5de ,kun/4 #aijh-aiaj4 ,volume #b4 ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,) portfolio ( #bcg reproductions on #ib plates4 ,,! ,,play+ ,,c>ds ,,( ,,! ,,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,,( #adff4 ,edit$ by ,max ,lehrs4 #de reproductions4 ,london3 ,a%] ,co4 #ahib4 7,int]national ,*alcographical ,society4 ,extraord9>y ,publication4 ,vol4 #a47 ,,s*ongau]1 ,,m>t9 7#adde787-adia7 ,,zwei ,,dati]te ,,zei*nung5 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]s4 ,by ,sidney ,calv94 #b illu/rations4 ,jahrbu* d] knigli*5 preussis*5 ,kun/sammlung51 ,vol4 #f1 pp4 #fi-gd4 ,b]l94 #ahhe4 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]',s ,,kupf]/i*e4 ,by ,max ,g4 ,fri$lnd]4 #e illu/rations4 ,zeits*rift fr bild5de ,kun/1 ,vol4 #bf1 pp4 #aje-aab4 ,leipzig4 #aiae4 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,by ,max ,geisb]g4 #ad illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #d1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #ajb-abi4 ,bo/on4 #aiad4 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]2 ,,na*bildung5 ,,se9] ,,kupf]/i*e4 ,edit$ by ,max ,lehrs4 #aae reproductions on #gb plates4 ,b]l93 ,bruno ,cassir]4 #aiad4 7,graphis*e ,gesells*aft4 ,extraord9>y ,publication #e47 ,,s*ongau]/udi54 ,by ,wilhelm ,lbke4 #c illu/rations4 ,zeits*rift fr bild5de ,kun/1 ,vol4 #af1 pp4 #gd-hf4 ,leipzig4 #ahha4 ,,s*ongau] ,,und ,,d] ,,mei/] ,,des ,,b>?olom,,u4 ,by ,l4 ,s*eibl]4 ,rep]torium fr ,kun/wiss5s*aft1 ,vol4 #g1 pp4 #ca-fh4 ,b]l9 & ,/uttg>t4 #ahhd4 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau] ,,als ,,kupf]/e*]4 ,by ,woldem> von ,seidlitz4 ,rep]torium fr ,kun/wiss5s*aft1 ,vol4 #g1 pp4 #afi-ahb4 ,b]l9 & ,/uttg>t4 #ahhd4 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau] ,,als ,,kupf]/e*]4 ,by ,hans ,w5dl&4 #cb reproductions4 ,b]l93 ,edmund ,mey]4 #aijg4 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ongau]4 ,,e9e ,,kritis*e ,,unt]su*ung ,,se9es ,,leb5s ,,und ,,se9] ,,w]ke ,,neb/ ,,e9em ,,*ronologis*5 ,,v]zei*nisse ,,se9] ,,kupf]/i*e4 ,by ,alfr$ von ,wurzba*4 ,vi5na3 ,manz's*e ,k4 ,k4 ,h(v]lags und ,univ]sitts ,bu*h&lung4 #ahhj4 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,b&]oles 7fl\ri%$ c4 #adfd7 ,,d] ,,mei/] ,,mit ,,d5 ,,b&roll52 ,,e9 ,,beitrag ,,zur ,,ges*i*te ,,des ,,lte/5 ,,kupf]/i*s ,,9 ,,deuts*l&4 ,by ,max ,lehrs4 #ai reproductions on #g plates4 ,dresd53 ,w4 ,h(fmann4 #ahhf4 ,,meck5em1 ,,israhel ,,van 7c4 #addj-aejc7 ,,d] ,,mei/] ,,d] ,,b]l9] ,,passion ,,und ,,israhel ,,van ,,meck5em4 ,by ,max ,geisb]g4 #f reproductions4 ,/rassburg3 ,j4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,heitz 7,heitz ,mndel74 #aijc4 7,/udi5 zur deuts*5 ,kun/ges*i*te4 ,"p #db47 ,,v]zei*nis ,,d] ,,kupf]/i*e ,,israhels ,,van ,,meck5em4 ,by ,max ,geisb]g4 #aa reproductions on #i plates4 ,/rassburg3 ,j4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,heitz 7,heitz ,mndel74 #aije4 7,/udi5 zur deuts*5 ,kun/ges*i*te4 ,"p #eh47 ,,ma/] ,w ,a 7fl\ri%$ c4 #adgj7 ,,d] ,,mei/] ,w ,a2 ,,e9 ,,kupf]/e*] ,,d] ,,zeit ,,k>ls ,,des ,k,,hn54 ,by ,max ,lehrs4 #gg reproductions on #ca plates4 ,dresd53 ,w4 ,h(fmann4 #ahie4 ,,/oss1 ,,veit 7c4 #adej-;c4 #aecc7 ,,veit ,,/oss2 ,,na*bildung5 ,,se9] ,,kupf]/i*e4 ,edit$ by ,engelb]t ,baumei/]4 #ac reproductions4 ,b]l93 ,bruno ,cassir]4 #aiac4 7,graphis*e ,gesells*aft4 ,publication #ag47 ,,olm,,tz1 ,,w5zel ,,von 7fl\ri%$ #adhj-aejj7 ,,w5zel ,,von ,,olm,,tz4 ,by ,max ,lehrs4 #bb reproductions on #aa plates4 ,dresd53 ,w4 ,h(fmann4 #ahhi 7,9 ,g]man47 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,l ,cz4 ,,*ri/ ,,tempt$ ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+ #h #f in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,l ,cz4 ,,*ri/ ,,ent]+ ,,j]usalem ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #h #g in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,,italian ,,engrav+3 ,,! ,,flor5t9es ,engrav+ 9 ,italy diff]s1 9 _m ess5tials1 f ! art z practis$ 9 ,g]many4 ,g]many may claim priority 9 po9t ( "t1 b x is d\btful :e!r ! ,flor5t9es--= 9 ,flor5ce1 & among ! goldsmi?s1 ! art took its rise 9 ,italy--9 ! beg9n+ 7 influ5c$ by1 or ev5 acqua9t$ )1 ! "w ( _! nor!rn contempor>ies4 ,9 ,g]many ! design] & ! engrav] 7 "o1 & "s ( ! greate/ ma/]s embodi$ _! f9e/ conceptions 9 _! pr9ts4 ,we may truly say t ! _w-wide reputation :i* ,dr] & ,s*ongau] h enjoy$ = f\r c5turies & m1 re/s almo/ entirely ^u _! engrav$1 r ?an ^u _! pa9t$1 "w4 ,9 ,italy x 0 o!rwise4 ,!re1 ) a few signal exceptions1 engrav+ 0 us$ m]ely z a conv5i5t me?od ( multiply+ an exi/+ design4 ,x may be t we owe to ?is fact bo? ! color ( ! ink us$ 9 ^! e>ly ,flor5t9e pr9ts1 & ! me?od ( tak+ impressions4 ,?is w\ld seem1 9 _m cases1 to be by rubb+ r ?an by ! use ( ! roll] press1 :i* appe>s to h be5 kn[n & us$ 9 ! ,nor? sub/antially f ! v beg9n+4 ,! ,flor5t9e1 aim+ to duplicate a draw+ 9 silv]-po9t or wa%1 w\ld naturally endeavor to approximate ! color ( 8 orig9al4 ,consequ5tly we d n f9d ! lu/r\s black impressions1 /rongly pr9t$1 :i* are ! prize ( ! collector ( e>ly ,g]man engrav+s4 ,vas>i's /ory ( ! inv5tion ( engrav+ by ,,maso ,,f9igu]ra 7#adbf-adfd7 0 long ago disprov$1 & = a "t x seem$ z ?\gh ,f9igu]ra & 8 "w 7 likely to be consign$ to t limbo ( ! leg5d>y f :i* ,bald9i--at "o "t accr$it$ ) _m pr9ts--is only j n[ em]g+4 ,yet ,f9igu]ra1 al?\gh n ! 8inv5tor0 ( ! art1 is1 beyond p]adv5ture1 ! mo/ important influ5ce 9 e>ly ,italian engrav+1 n only on acc\nt ( 8 own "w on copp]1 b /ill m ?r\gh ! ,picture-,*ronicle1 :i* s]v$ z an inspiration to ! arti/s work+ 9 8 ,s*ool & cont9u+ 8 tradition aft] 8 dea?4 ,s t ,vas>i's tale1 ?\gh n accurate 9 ! matt] ( fact1 0 v]aci\s 9 ! l>g] s5se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,pr(ile ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #h #e in*es ,9 ! ,royal ,pr9t ,room1 ,b]l9 ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,wild ,,animals ,,hunt+ ,,& ,,fight+ ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aj #ad in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,! ,picture-,*ronicle is a book ( draw+s illu/rat+ ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,_w1 & evid5tly proce$s f ! h& & work%op ( a ,flor5t9e goldsmi?-engrav] ( ab\t #adfj4 ,x 0 acquir$ by ! ,briti% ,museum f ,mr4 ,rusk9 9 #ahhh4 ,! draw+s are 9 p5 & ink & wa%1 (t5 re9=c$ ) op5 p5-%ad+ l t imitat$ lat] by ! ,broad ,mann] engrav]s4 ,at its be/ ! "w has ! true e>ly ,r5aissance comb9ation ( ar*aic /r5g? ) attractive naivet--! ornam5tal detail c>ri$ out ) a ma/]ly p[] ( p51 & ) ! pati5t delight ( "o :o is by in/9ct & tra9+ above all ?+s a jewel]4 ,f9igu]ra's fame z ! lead+ work] 9 niello 0 firmly e/abli%$ by #adej2 & al?\gh we _c assign c]ta9ly any engrav+ by him to a date e>li] ?an #adfj1 !re is a gr\p ( ,flor5t9e primitives :i* may be plac$ betwe5 ! ye>s #adej & #adfj1 ?us ant$at+ ,f9igu]ra's fir/ plate by ab\t t5 ye>s4 ,! mo/ beautiful ( ^! e>ly pr9ts 9 conception1 & ! pure/ 9 execution1 is ! ,pr(ile ,portrait ( a ,lady1 a s+le impression ( :i* has come d[n to u & is n[ 9 ,b]l94 ,9 /yle x recalls ! pa9t+s ( ,pi]o della ,francesca1 ,v]roc*io1 ,uccello1 or ,pollaiuolo1 & al?\gh x w\ld be unwise to attribute x to any kn[n ma/]1 !re is a s5sitive quality 9 ! draw+1 & a re/ra9t1 :i* diff]5tiates x f any o!r pr9t ( ?is p]iod4 ,among ! engrav+s :i* may be by ,f9igu]ra himself1 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ is ! plate ( ,wild ,animals ,hunt+ & ,fight+1 :]e9 we see a numb] ( motives tak5 directly f ! ,picture-,*ronicle--motives :i* reappe> aga9 & aga9 9 works und\bt$ly by o!r h&s4 ,?is pr9t1 z also ! ,enc\nt] ( a ,hunt+ ,p>ty ) a ,family ( ,wild ,folk1 is unique4 ,9 ! la/-nam$ we see a numb] ( motives repeat$ f ! ,wild ,animals ,hunt+ & ,fight+3 su* z ! bo> be+ pull$ d[n by two h\nds1 ! h\nd *as+ a h>e1 9 ! upp] "r corn]2 & ! dog1 slightly to ! left1 dev\r+ ! entrails ( yet ano!r h>e4 ,! ,road to ,calv>y & ! ,crucifixion is a f> m elaborate & important composition1 & 9 ?is engrav+ we see t :i* is especially notewor?y 9 ! ,judgm5t ,hall ( ,pilate--! l>ge/ & mo/ important ( all ! ,f9e ,mann] pr9ts--! goldsmi?'s love ( ornam5t4 ,9 ! ,judgm5t ,hall ( ,pilate ! head-dresses1 & especially ! armor1 are highly elaborate1 :ile ! ar*itecture itself is ov]laid ) ornate decoration directly drawn f ! ,picture-,*ronicle4 ,9 ! only kn[n impression ! plate seems to h be5 re-work$1 9 ! ,broad ,mann]1 by a lat] h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,triumphal ,,procession ,,( ,,bac*us ,,& ,,ariadne ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #h #bb in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,jupit] ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ab #h in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,some:at lat] 9 date1 by an engrav] ( ! ,f9igu]ra ,s*ool1 is ! ,triumphal ,procession ( ,bac*us & ,ariadne1 ! mo/ joy\s ( all ,flor5t9e engrav+s4 ,! orig9al design 0 attribut$ at "o "t to ,botticelli2 & al?\gh1 z ,h]b]t ,p4 ,horne has %[n1 x _c be by ?is ma/]1 x is simil> 9 /yle to 8 compositions4 ,:atev] ! imm$iate orig9al1 x %[s m>k$ traces ( classical influ5ces1 & its motive is directly d]iv$ f antique sculpture--a s>cophagus 9 all probability4 8,! spl5did design has suff]$ n only f ! feebl5ess ( ! engrav+1 b also f ! florid mann] 9 :i* ! engrav] has exagg]at$ "s ( ! decorative details & add$ o!rs4444 ,9 spite ( ! feebl5ess ( its execution x rema9s an incomp>ably great] "w ( art ?an any o!r pr9t 9 ! ,f9e ,mann]40#b #b ,s&ro ,botticelli4 ,by ,h]b]t ,p4 ,horne4 ,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons4 #aijh4 p4 #hd4 ,! ,f9e ,mann]1 9 :i* all ( ! engrav+s hi!rto m5tion$ are execut$1 owes its "n to ! me?od employ$4 ,! engrav] has incis$ 8 outl9es ^u ! plate--probably unbeat5 copp] or "s ev5 s(t] metal--& = 8 %ad+ has employ$ a sy/em ( delicate /rokes1 laid close to "o ano!r & ov]laid ) two1 &1 at times1 ?ree1 sets ( cross-hat*+4 ,su* engrav+s1 :5 pr9t$1 z is usually ! case1 9 a gre5i% or grayi% ink1 give a result simil> to a wa% draw+4 ,9 ! ,broad ,mann] ! /yle ( engrav+ is bas$ ^u t ( p5 draw+1 ) op51 diagonal %ade /rokes & )\t cross-hat*+4 ,! ,broad ,mann] 0 f9ally develop$ by ,pollaiuolo & ,mantegna1 :o modifi$ x by a s]ies ( delicate l9es laid at an acute angle to ! heavi] %ad+s1 bl5d+ ! ma9 l9es into a h>moni\s :ole4 8,none ( ! sci5ces t desc5d$ f antiquity10 writes ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d1#c 8possess$ a firm] hold on ! popul> imag9ation ( ! ,middle ,ages ?an t ( ,a/rology4 ,t sci5ce took z its f\ndation ! anci5t conception ( ! univ]se1 ) ! e>? z ! c5tre r\nd :i* all ! heav5ly bodies revolv$ 9 ! space ( a day & a night4 ,encircl+ ! e>? 7 ! successive sph]es ( wat]1 air1 fire1 ! sev5 planets 7,moon1 ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ,sun1 ,m>s1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn71 ! firmam5t ) ! con/ellations 7! clum cry/all9um71 & ! ,primum ,mobile4 ,to ea* ( ! planets 7 ascrib$ attributes accord+ to ! traditional "* ( ! deity ^: "n x bore1 & ^! attributes 7 reg>d$ z transmissible "u c]ta9 conditions to mank9d4 ,! influ5ce ( ! planets dep5d$ on _! position 9 ! heav5s 9 respect ( ! v>i\s con/ellations1 ) :i* ea* _h diff]5t relations4 ,ea* planet _h :at 0 call$ its #8h\se' 9 "o ( ! con/ellations1 & accord+ to its position relative to ^! 0 said to be 9 ! #8asc5dant' or #8desc5dant'4 ,9 reg>d to individual human be+s ! date ( bir? 0 ! decisive po9t1 & ! degree ( influ5ce transmitt$ f ! planets dep5d$ on ! respective degree ( #8asc5dance' or #8desc5dance' at ! p>ticul> epo*40 #c ,catalogue ( ,e>ly ,italian ,engrav+s 444 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,by ,ar?ur ,mayg] ,h9d4 ,london4 #aiaj4 pp4 #di-ej4 ,! planets & _! influ5ces af=d$ subject matt] = _m arti/s ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 & ! f9e/ & mo/ important s]ies is t engrav$ 9 ! ,f9e ,mann] by an arti/ ( ! ,f9igu]ra ,s*ool1 :o has1 z usual1 drawn directly ^u ! ,picture-,*ronicle = 8 ornam5tal accessories4 ,we c reproduce two only f ! set ( sev5--,jupit] & ,m]cury4 ,! inscription b5ea? ,jupit] reads1 9 "p1 z foll[s3 8,jupit] is a male planet 9 ! six? sph]e1 w>m & moi/1 temp]ate by nature1 & ( g5tle disposition2 he is sangu9e1 *e]ful1 lib]al1 eloqu5t2 he loves f9e clo!s1 is h&some & ruddy ( aspect1 & looks t[>d ! ,e>?4 ,t9 is 8 metal2 8 days are ,sunday & ,?ursday1 ) ! fir/1 eigh?1 fifte5? & tw5ty-f\r? h\rs2 8 night is t ( ,w$nesday2 he is fri5dly to ! ,moon1 ho/ile to ,m>s44440 ,9 ! l&scape we aga9 meet ) sev]al ( ! /ock ,f9igu]ra motives1 ! muzzl$ h\nds1 ! dog *as+ ! h>e1 etc4 ,( especial int]e/ is ! gr\p at ! "r--8w+-be>+ ,dante :o flew ?r\gh ,hell1 ?r\gh ! />ry ,heav5s & o'er ! int]m$iate hill ( ,purgatory b5ea? ! beaute\s br[s ( ,beatrice2 & ,petr>* too1 :o tells aga9 ! tale ( ,cupid's triumph2 & ! man :o1 9 t5 days1 portrays a hundr$ /ories 7,boccaccio740 ,m]cury--8eloqu5t & inv5tive 444 sl5d] ( figure1 tall & well gr[n1 ) delicate lips4 ,quicksilv] is 8 metal0--sets =? v>i\s applications ( ! arts & sci5ces4 ,especially int]e/+ is ! goldsmi?'s %op at ! left1 :]e we see an engrav] actually at "w ^u a plate4 ,! goldsmi? is seat$1 8 appr5tice beh9d him1 z a prospective pur*as] exam9es a ri*ly ornam5t$ vessel4 ,9 ! =egr\nd a sculptor is *isel+ 8 /atue1 :ile1 /&+ above1 on a scaffold+1 a fresco pa9t] is actively at "w--a record ( ! ,flor5ce ( #adfj or !reab\ts1 full ( int]e/ = u4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,m]cury ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ab #h in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,lady ,,) ,a ,,unicorn ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f in*es 9 diamet] ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,to a slightly lat] date1 #adfe-adgj1 belong ! gr\p ( ,f9e ,mann] pr9ts1 kn[n z ! ,,otto ,,pr9ts1 also emanat+ f ! ,f9igu]ra work%op4 ,!y are n a s]ies1 9 any true s5se1 & owe _! "n--also _! =tunate pres]vation--to ! accid5tal circum/ance ( _! hav+ belong$ at "o "t to ,pet] ,ern/ ,otto1 a m]*ant & collector ( ,leipzig4 ,! purpose s]v$ by ^! pr9ts--tw5ty-f\r 9 all--0 ! decoration ( box lids1 ei!r z patt]ns to be copi$1 9 ! case ( metal caskets1 or to be color$ & pa/$ on ! lids ( wood5 boxes4 ,! escut*eons are usually left blank1 to be fill$ 9 by h& ) ! device ( ! donor or ! recipi5t1 or ) "s appropriate s5tim5t4 ,9 ! pr9t entitl$ ,two ,heads 9 ,m$allions & ,two ,hunt+ ,sc5es we aga9 meet ) ! animal motives tak5 f ! ,picture-,*ronicle4 ,"o ( ! mo/ *>m+ is ! ,lady ) a ,unicorn 7,*a/ity71 9 its arrangem5t sugge/ive ( ! beautiful draw+ by ,leon>do da ,v9ci 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 & its symbolic mean+ is d\btless ! same4 8,! unicorn10 writes ,leon>do 9 8 8,be/i>ius10 8is di/+ui%$ = lack ( mod]ation & self-control4 ,8 passionate love ( "y wom5 makes him entirely =get 8 %yness & f]ocity4 ,oblivi\s ( all dang]s1 he comes /raight to ! seat$ maid5 & fall+ asleep 9 h] lap is !n caught by ! hunt]40 ,! erm9e1 likewise a sign ( *a/ity1 is to be se5 at ! "r1 gaz+ upw>d into ,m>ietta's face4 ,/ill lat] ?an ! ,otto pr9ts1 & greatly inf]ior to !m 9 execution1 are ! ?ree illu/rations = ,il ,monte ,sancto di ,dio1 ( #adgg2 & ! n9ete5 engrav+s = ,dante's ,div9a ,comm$ia1 ) ,l&9o's ,comm5t>y1 ( #adha4 ,il ,monte ,sancto di ,dio is ! fir/ book 9 ,italy or 9 ,g]many 9 :i* !re appe> illu/rations f engrav$ plates pr9t$ on ! text page4 ,?is entail$ mu* additional labor1 & 0 soon discont9u$ 9 favor ( ! wood-block1 :i* c\ld be pr9t$ simultane\sly ) ! lett]press1 & 0 n tak5 up aga9 until ne>ly ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,alike by tradition & int]nal evid5ce1 ,botticelli is unque/ionably ! au?or ( ! ,dante designs2 b no arti/ has be5 sugge/$ z ! probable design] ( ! ?ree illu/rations = ,il ,monte ,sancto di ,dio4 ,9 ! fir/ illu/ration ! co/ume & g5]al attitude ( ! "y gallant to ! left are /rongly rem9isc5t ( ! ,otto pr9ts4 ,! l[] portion ( ! plate %[s all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,f9e ,mann]1 b ! angel heads are treat$ 9 a simpl] & m op5 l9e> me?od4 ,! ,*ri/ian's ,asc5t to ! ,glory ( ,p>adise is allegorically repres5t$ by a ladd] plac$ firmly 9 ! gr\nd ( widespread ,k & ,humility1 & rea*+ up to ! triple m\nta9 ( ,fai?1 ,hope1 & ,*>ity1 on ! summit ( :i* /&s ! ,savi\r4 ,?is ladd] is call$ ,p]sev]ance1 "o ( its sides be+ ,pray]1 ! o!r ,sacram5t4 ,x has elev5 /eps3 ,prud5ce1 ,temp]ance1 ,=titude1 ,ju/ice1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian',s ,,asc5t ,,to ,,! ,,glory ,,( ,,p>adise4 ,,f 8,,il ,,monte ,,sancto ,,di ,,dio10 ,,flor5ce1 #adgg ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #i #g in*es ,9 ! ,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,dante ,,& ,,virgil ,,) ,,! ,,vision ,,( ,,beatrice4 ,,f ,,! 8,,div9a ,,comm$ia10 ,,flor5ce1 #adha ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #c #f in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,! second illu/ration depicts ! glory ( ,p>adise2 ! ?ird ! puni%m5t ( ,hell1 ! ma9 motives ( ! la/-nam$ be+ adapt$ f ! fresco attribut$ to ,orcagna1 9 ! ,campo ,santo at ,pisa4 ,9 ! illu/rations to ! ,div9a ,comm$ia1 ( #adha1 !re is little left ( ! beauty :i* ! orig9al designs mu/ h possess$4 ,!y are1 inde$1 8disguis$ into pu]ility by ! feebl5ess ( ! engrav]02 b1 none ! less1 !y rema91 ) ! exception ( ,botticelli's sup]b s]ies ( draw+s on vellum1 9 ,b]l9 & 9 ! ,vatican1 unque/ionably ! be/1 "o might say ! only1 satisfactory illu/rations ( ,dante's text4 ,no kn[n copy conta9s m ?an ! fir/ ?ree engrav+s pr9t$ directly ^u ! page itself4 ,9 e o!r case1 :]e a great] numb] ( illu/rations appe>1 !y are pr9t$ sep>ately & pa/$ 9 place1 indicat+ ! difficulty exp]i5c$ by ! ,r5aissance pr9t] 9 mak+ 8 plates regi/] ) ! lett]press4 ,! fir/ pr9t ( ! s]ies %[s ,dante lo/ 9 ! wood1 em]g+ !refrom1 & 8 meet+ ) ,virgil--?ree subjects on a s+le plate4 ,! second repres5ts ,dante & ,virgil ) ! ,vision ( ,beatrice4 ,dante & ,virgil are se5 twice--fir/ to ! left1 :]e ,dante d\bts :e!r to foll[ ! guidance ( ,virgil fur!r1 & aga9 on ! slope ( ! hill to ! "r1 :]e ,virgil relates h[ ! vision ( ,beatrice appe>$ to him4 ,ne> ! summit ( ! rocky m\nta9 is se5 ! entrance to ,hell4 8,( ! extant engrav+s 9 ! ,broad ,mann]1 unque/ionably ! mo/ rem>kable is ! l>ge pr9t on two %eets ( ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg91 aft] ,botticelli4 ,! orig9al design no long] kn[n to exi/1 :e!r draw+ or pa9t+1 f :i* ?is engrav+ 0 tak51 mu/ h be5 among ! gr&e/ & mo/ vigor\s works ( ! la/ p]iod ( ,botticelli's art4 ,! l>ge & rugg$ treatm5t ( ! figures ( ! apo/les1 _! /range mane-l hair & be>ds1 _! f]v5t & agitat$ ge/ures & attitudes1 l5d to ?is "p ( ! design a =cible & primitive "*1 :i* recalls1 ?\gh l>gely1 p]haps1 9 an accid5tal fa%ion1 ! gr& & impressive art ( ,&rea del ,ca/agno4 ,n less vigor\s 9 conception1 b ( great] beauty ( =m & movem5t1 is ! figure ( ! ,virg91 & ! motive & arrangem5t ( ! angels :o =m a #8m&orla' ar\nd h] are among ! mo/ lovely & imag9ative ( ! _m inv5tions ( ! k9d :i* ,botticelli has left u40#d ,9 ! di/ant valley is a view ( ,rome %[+ ! ,pan!on1 ! ,column ( ,trajan1 ! ,colosseum1 & o!r build+s4 #d ,s&ro ,botticelli4 ,by ,h]b]t ,p4 ,horne4 ,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons4 #aijh4 p4 #bhi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,assumption ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 7,aft] ,botticelli7 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #cb #bb in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,triumph ,,( ,,love4 ,,f ,,! ,,triumphs ,,( ,,petr>*4 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aj #f in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,if ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg9 is ! noble/ pr9t 9 ! ,broad ,mann]1 ! ,triumphs ( ,petr>*--a set ( six pr9ts--may be said to possess ! greate/ *>m1 n less by its subject ?an by its treatm5t4 ,petr>* fir/ saw ,laura on ,april #f1 #acbg1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,santa ,cl>a at ,avignon1 & 89 ! same city1 on ! same #f? day ( ! same mon? ( ,april1 9 ! ye> #acdh1 ! bright light ( h] life 0 tak5 away f ! light ( ?is e>?40 ,! poet's aim 9 compos+ ^! ,trionfi is ! same :i* he propos$ to himself 9 ! ,canzoni]e3 namely1 8to return 9 ?\ght1 f "t to "t1 n[ to ! beg9n+1 n[ to ! progress1 & n[ to ! end ( 8 passion1 tak+ by ! way frequ5t opportunities ( r5d]+ praise & honor to ! s+le & exalt$ object ( 8 love4 ,to rea* ?is aim he devis$ a description ( man 9 8 v>i\s conditions ( life1 :]e9 he might naturally f9d occasion to speak ( himself & ( 8 ,laura4 8,man 9 8 fir/ /age ( y\? is ! slave ( appetites1 :i* may all be includ$ "u ! g5]ic "n ( ,,love1 or ,self-,love4 ,b z he ga9s und]/&+1 he sees ! impropriety ( su* a condition1 s t he /rives advis$ly aga9/ ^? appetites & ov]comes !m by means ( ,,*a/ity1 t is1 by d5y+ himself ! opportunity ( satisfy+ !m4 ,amid ^! /ruggles & victories ,,dea? ov]takes him & makes victors & vanqui%$ equal by tak+ !m all out ( ! _w4 ,nev]!less1 x has no p[] to de/roy ! memory ( a man1 :o by illu/ri\s & honorable de$s seeks to survive 8 own dea?4 ,su* a man truly lives ?r\gh a long c\rse ( ages by means ( 8 ,,fame4 ,b ,,"t at l5g? oblit]ates all memory ( him1 & he f9ds1 9 ! la/ resort1 t 8 only sure hope ( liv+ =ev] is by joy 9 ,god & by p>tak+ ) ,god 9 8 bless$ ,,et]nity4 8,?us ,,love triumphs ov] man1 ,,*a/ity ov] ,,love1 & ,,dea? ov] bo? alike2 ,,fame triumphs ov] ,,dea?1 ,,"t ov] ,,fame1 & ,,et]nity ov] ,,"t40#e #e ,le ,rime di ,francesco ,petr>ca con l'int]pretazione di ,giacomo ,leop>di 444 e gli argom5ti di ,a4 ,m>s&4 ,flor5ce4 #ahci4 p4 #hff4 ,translation 91 ,petr>*3 ,8 ,life & ,times4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,hollway-,cal?rop4 ,london4 #aijg4 pp4 #da-db4 ,) ! exception ( ! fir/ plate1 ,! ,triumph ( ,love1 none ( ^! engrav+s illu/rates1 9 any /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 ! text ( ,petr>*'s poem4 ,x is ! _s :i* ! engrav] has int]pret$4 ,:o may h be5 ! design] we "k n1 b !y %[ c]ta9 aff9ities to ! "w ( ,pesell9o & ,baldov9etti4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,triumph ,,( ,,*a/ity4 ,,f ,,! ,,triumphs ,,( ,,petr>* ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aj #f in*es ,9 ! ,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,flor5t9e1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,libyan ,,sibyl ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #d in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,9 ! fir/ plate1 ,cupid1 ! bl9d ar*]1 ) flame-tipp$ arr[1 is pois$ ^u a ball ris+ f a flam+ vase1 ! base ( :i*1 9 its turn1 re/s ^u flame4 ,jupit]7871 *a9$1 is seat$ 9 ! front ( ! c>1 :ile ,samson1 be>+ a column1 walks ^u ! fur!r side4 ,f\r pranc+ /e$s draw ! c>2 beh9d1 ,love's victims foll[ 9 endless procession4 ,9 ! second plate1 ,*a/ity /&s ^u an urn2 9 front ( h] kneels ,cupid1 /ill bl9dfold$1 ) 8 brok5 arr[ beside him4 ,two unicorns1 symbols ( *a/ity1 draw ! c>1 :ile ^u ! bann] borne by ! maid5 at ! extreme "r !re appe>s ! symbolic erm9e4 ,!n foll[ 9 ord] ! ,triumphs ( ,dea?1 ( ,fame1 ( ,"t1 & ( ,et]nity4 ,?is s]ies ( illu/rations reappe>s1 some:at modifi$ & simplifi$1 9 ! =m ( woodcuts1 9 ! editions ( ! ,trionfi publi%$ 9 ,v5ice 9 #adhh1 #adij1 #adib1 & 9 ,flor5ce 9 #adii4 ,we h already ref]r$ to ! ,evangeli/s & ,apo/les engrav$ by ! ,g]man1 ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ( #adff4 ,x is f him t ! anonym\s ,flor5t9e engrav] borr[$ 8 figures1 9 _m cases leav+ ! =m ( ! drap]y un*ang$ b enri*+ x ) elaborate designs 9 ! mann] ( ,f9igu]ra4 ,! ,prophet ,ezekiel is ?us comp\nd$ ( ,/4 ,john & ,/4 ,pet]1 :ile ,amos is copi$ 9 rev]se f ,/4 ,paul4 ,! seat$ figure ( ,daniel1 9 its turn1 is d]iv$ f ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]'s engrav+1 ,*ri/ ,be=e ,pilate1 b ! ?rone ^u :i* he is seat$ is /rongly rem9isc5t ( ! ,picture-,*ronicle1 & likewise recalls ,botticelli's e>ly pa9t+ ( ,=titude4 ,! ,tiburt9e ,sibyl is d]iv$ f ,/4 ,mat!w1 :o1 9 *ang+ 8 position1 has likewise *ang$ 8 sex4 ,! prec$5t ?us e/abli%$ has be5 foll[$ by ,/4 ,john1 trans=m$ into ! ,libyan ,sibyl 9 ! ,f9e ,mann]1 ) ! addition ( a fly+ veil1 to ! "r1 copi$ f ! ,woman ) ! ,escut*eon1 also by ! ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,9 ! ,broad ,mann] pr9t ! figure ( ?is ,sibyl ga9s 9 dignity by ! elim9ation ( mu* sup]flu\s ornam5t ^u h] out] g>m5t1 & f ! fact t %e n[ sits 9 a m upright po/ure1 ! ,f9e ,mann] pr9t /ill sugge/+ ! cr\*+ attitude ( its ,nor!rn prototype4 ,x is to ! influ5ce1 if n to ! h&1 ( ,botticelli t su* improvem5t is mo/ likely due4 ,! tw5ty-f\r ,prophets & ! twelve ,sibyls1 engrav$ bo? 9 ! ,f9e & 9 ! ,broad ,mann] ( ! ,f9igu]ra ,s*ool1 are individually & collectively among ! mo/ delightful productions ( ,italian art4 ,x 0 d\btless z illu/rations ( my/]y plays or pageants 9 ,flor5ce t ?is s]ies ( engrav+s 0 design$1 & we are able to recon/ruct f ! ,triumphs ( ,petr>*1 & f ^! pr9ts1 a ,flor5t9e /reet pageant at its lovelie/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,nor? ,,italian1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,! ,,g5tleman4 ,,f ,,! ,,t>oc*i ,,pr9ts 7,e ,s]ies7 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #d in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,nor? ,,italian1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,clio4 ,,f ,,! ,,t>oc*i ,,pr9ts 7,s ,s]ies7 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #d in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,h[ev] great _! beauty & h[ev] /rong ! fasc9ation :i* !y ex]t1 !y h a rival 9 ! s]ies ( fifty in/ructive pr9ts1 :i*1 = _m ye>s1 7 miscall$ ! ,t>oc*i ,c>ds ( ,mantegna4 ,t>oc*i c>ds !y are n1 & ( ,mantegna's influ5ce1 direct or indirect1 !re w\ld seem to be no trace :atsoev]4 ,!y are ( ,nor? ,italian orig9 & are ! "w1 9 all probability1 ( "s anonym\s ,v5etian engrav]1 work+ f ,v5etian or ,f]r>ese orig9als1 ab\t #adfe--;contempor>y1 !re=e1 ) ! ,flor5t9e engrav+s ( ! ,prophets & ,sibyls4 ,=m+1 app>5tly1 a pictorial cyclopdia ( ! m$ival univ]se1 ) its sy/ematic classification ( ! v>i\s p[]s ( ,heav5 & ,e>?1 !y divide !mselves into five gr\ps ( t5 c>ds ea*4 ,fir/ we h ! ranks & conditions ( m5 f ,begg> to ,pope2 next ,apollo & ! n9e ,muses2 !n ! ,lib]al ,arts1 ) ! addition ( ,poetry1 ,philosophy1 & ,!ology1 9 ord] to make up ! t52 next ! ,sev5 ,virtues1 ! set be+ br\ght up to ! requir$ numb] by ! addition ( ,*ronico1 ! g5ius ( ,"t1 ,cosmico1 ! g5ius ( ! ,univ]se1 & ,iliaco1 ! g5ius ( ! ,sun4 ,! fif? gr\p is bas$ on ! ,sev5 ,planets1 toge!r ) ! ,sph]e ( ! ,fix$ ,/>s & ! ,primum ,mobile1 :i* imp>ts its own revolv+ motion to all ! sph]es )9 x2 & enfold+ all ! ,empyrean ,sph]e1 ! abode ( ,heav5ly ,wisdom4 ,mu* wisdom & _m words h be5 exp5d$ ^u ! /ill unsolv$ riddle z to :i* ( ! two sets1 kn[n respectively z ! ,e s]ies & ! ,s s]ies 7f ! lett]s :i* appe> 9 ! l[] left-h& corn]s ( ! t5 c>ds ( ! ,sorts & ,conditions ( ,m57 may claim priority ( date4 ,bo? s]ies are 9 ! ,f9e ,mann]1 ! outl9es cle>ly def9$1 ! %ad+s & modell+ indicat$ ) delicate bur9 /rokes1 cross$ & re-cross$ s z to give a tonal effect4 ,^! delicate /rokes soon wore out 9 pr9t+1 & ! /ructural l9es ( ! figures !n em]ge 9 all _! beauty4 ,x may seem absurd t "o %\ld admire impressions f plates obvi\sly worn1 b ! critic w\ld d well to susp5d 8 condemnation1 s9ce ! ,t>oc*i ,pr9ts pres5t _m & manifold =ms ( beauty--9 ! e>ly impressions a delicate & bloom-l quality2 9 c]ta9 some:at lat] pro(s1 a *>m ( l9e :i* recalls ! art ( ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,nor? ,,italian1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,! ,,sun4 ,,f ,,! ,,t>oc*i ,,pr9ts 7,e ,s]ies7 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #d in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,nor? ,,italian1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,angel ,,( ,,! ,,eigh? ,,sph]e4 ,,f ,,! ,,t>oc*i ,,pr9ts 7,e ,s]ies7 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #d in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,! ,g5tleman is ! fif? 9 ord] 9 ! fir/ gr\p ( ! ,sorts & ,conditions ( ,m51 & is f ! s-call$ ,e s]ies 7claim$ by ,sir ,sidney ,colv9 & ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 to be ! e>li] ( ! two sets74 ,! sequ5ce runs3 7#a7 ,! ,begg>1 7#b7 ,! ,s]vant1 7#c7 ,! ,artisan1 7#d7 ,! ,m]*ant1 7#e7 ,! ,g5tleman1 7#f7 ,! ,knight1 7#g7 ,! ,doge1 7#h7 ,! ,k+1 7#i7 ,! ,emp]or1 7#aj7 ,! ,pope4 ,clio is ! n9? ( ! ,muses & is f ! ,s s]ies 7plac$ fir/ 9 po9t ( "t1 by ,kri/ell]1 & ab\t t5 ye>s lat] ?an ! ,e s]ies1 by ! ,briti% ,museum au?orities74 ,! ,sun naturally f9ds 8 place 9 ! gr\p ( ,planets & ,sph]es4 ,!re is a delightful & *ildi% t\* 9 ! way 9 :i* ,phton is pictur$ z a little boy fall+ headlong into ! riv] ,po1 :i* conv5i5tly fl[s imm$iately b5ea? him4 ,to ?is gr\p belongs likewise ! ,angel ( ! ,eigh? ,sph]e1 ! ,sph]e ( ! ,fix$ ,/>s1 "o ( ! lovelie/ pr9ts 9 ! entire set1 bo? 9 arrangem5t & 9 execution4 ,no?+ c\ld be 9 great] contra/ to ! gracefulness ( su* a pr9t z ! above ?an ! ,battle ( ,nak$ ,m5 by ,,antonio ,,pollaiuolo1 8! /up5d\s ,flor5t9e0--if "o may borr[ ,dante's title2 b1 = ! mom5t1 we w hold ,pollaiuolo & 8 "o engrav+ 9 res]ve :ile we glance at ! "w ( ,,*ri/(ano ,,robetta1 :o1 born 9 ,flor5ce 9 #adfb1 0 consequ5tly ! junior ( ,pollaiuolo by ?irty ye>s4 ,z an engrav]1 ,robetta is inf]ior to ! anonym\s ma/] to :om we owe ! ,e s]ies ( ! ,t>oc*i pr9ts4 ,8 /yle is some:at dry1 & ! individual l9es are lack+ 9 beauty2 b 8 plates h t indef9able & indescribable fasc9ation & *>m :i* is ! peculi> possession ( ,italian engrav+ & ( ! ,flor5t9e ma/]s 9 p>ticul>4 ,! %ap+ influ5ces :i* det]m9$ 8 *oice & treatm5t ( subject are ,botticelli1 &1 9 a mu* l>g] measure1 ,filipp9o ,lippi1 ?\gh only 9 a few cases c he be %[n to h work$ directly f t pa9t]'s designs4 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi is obvi\sly inspir$ by ,filipp9o ,lippi's pa9t+ 9 ! ,uffizi1 ?\gh :e!r ,robetta actually work$ f ! pa9t+ itself1 or1 z seems m probable1 translat$ "o ( ,filipp9o's draw+s1 is an int]e/+ "q4 ,! fact t ! engrav+ is 9 rev]se ( ! pa9t+ proves no?+2 b !re are s _m po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 !m--notably ! introduction ( ! *>m+ gr\p ( ?ree angels above ! ,virg9 & ,*ild--t "o c h>dly ?9k ,robetta w\ld h ne$lessly made s _m & important modifications ( ! pa9t+ itself1 if a draw+ _h be5 available4 ,x is int]e/+1 ?\gh ( m9or importance1 t ! hat ( ! ,k+ to ! "r1 :i* lies on ! gr\nd1 is copi$ 9 rev]se f ,s*ongau]'s ,adoration1 & t ! ,allegory ( ! ,p[] ( ,love1 "o ( ,robetta's mo/ *>m+ subjects1 is engrav$ ^u ! rev]se side ( ! plate ( ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ! copp]-plate itself be+ n[ 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,:e!r ! ,allegory ( ,abundance is entirely ,robetta's1 or :e!r ! design 0 sugge/$ by ano!r ma/]'s pa9t+ or draw+1 c be only a matt] ( conjecture4 ,x %[s1 h[ev]1 s _m ( ! *>act]i/ics :i* we associate ) 8 "w t we may give him ! b5efit ( ! d\bt & consid] him z its 8onlie begett]40 ,illu/ration3 ,,cri/(ano ,,robetta4 ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,magi ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #aa in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,antonio ,,pollaiuolo4 ,,battle ,,( ,,nak$ ,,m5 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ae #bc in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,h]cules & ! ,hydra & ,h]cules & ,antu %[ s m>k$ly ! influ5ce ( ,pollaiuolo t we may conclude !m to h be5 tak5 f ! two small panels 9 ! ,uffizi2 ?\gh1 9 ! case ( ! fir/ nam$1 ,pollaiuolo's orig9al sket*1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 may also h s]v$ ,robetta4 ,:e!r ,,pollaiuolo bas$ 8 te*nical me?od ^u t ( ,mantegna & 8 ,s*ool1 or :e!r ,mantegna's own engrav+s 7 inspir$ by 8 ,flor5t9e contempor>y1 is an int]e/+1 b ?us f> unansw]$1 "q4 ,pollaiuolo's "o pr9t1 ! ,battle ( ,nak$ ,m51 is engrav$ 9 ! ,broad ,mann]1 some:at modifi$ by ! use ( a light /roke laid at an acute angle betwe5 ! p>allels4 ,! outl9es ( ! figures are /rongly incis$2 :ile ! treatm5t ( ! backgr\nd l5ds color to ! supposition t1 9 8 y\?1 ,pollaiuolo engrav$ 9 niello1 z well z furni%$ designs to be execut$ by ,f9igu]ra & 8 ,s*ool4 ,9 ?is ma/]piece ! arti/ has summ$ up 8 k ( ! human =m1 & has express$1 9 a m conv9c+ & vigor\s measure ?an has any o!r engrav] 9 ! hi/ory ( ! art1 ! /ra9 & /ress ( viol5t motion & ! fury ( combat4 8,:at is x10 asks ,b]nh>d ,b]5son1 8t makes u return to ?is %eet ) ev]-r5ew$1 ev]-increas$ pleasure8 ,surely x is n ! hide\s faces ( mo/ ( ! figures & _! sc>cely less hide\s bodies4 ,nor is x ! patt]n z decorative design1 :i* is ( great beauty inde$1 b n at all 9 proportion to ! spell ex]t$ ^u u4 ,lea/ ( all is x--= mo/ ( u--an int]e/ 9 ! te*nique or hi/ory ( engrav+4 ,no1 ! pleasure we take 9 ^! savagely battl+ =ms arises f _! p[] to directly communicate life1 to imm5sely height5 our s5se ( vitality4 ,look at ! combatant pro/rate on ! gr\nd & 8 assailant1 b5d+ ov]1 ea* int5t on /abb+ ! o!r4 ,see h[ ! pro/rate man plants 8 foot on ! ?igh ( 8 enemy & note ! trem5d\s en]gy he ex]ts to keep (f ! foe1 :o1 turn+ z ^u a pivot1 ) 8 grip on ! o!r's head1 ex]ts no less =ce to keep ! advantage ga9$4 ,! significance ( all ^! muscul> /ra9s & pressures is s r5d]$ t we _c help realiz+ !m2 we imag9e ourselves imitat+ all ! movem5ts & ex]t+ ! =ce requir$ = !m--& all )\t ! lea/ ef=t on our side4 ,if all ?is )\t mov+ a muscle1 :at %\ld we feel if we too _h ex]t$ ourselves8 ,& ?us :ile "u ! spell ( ?is illusion--?is hyp]/hesia n b\ght ) drugs & n paid = ) *eques drawn on our vitality--we feel z if ! elixir ( life1 n our own sluggi% blood1 7 c\rs+ ?r\gh our ve9s40#f #f ,flor5t9e ,pa9t]s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,by ,b]nh>d ,b]5son4 ,new ,york3 ,putnam's ,sons4 #ahii4 pp4 #ed-ee4 ,pollaiuolo is ! "o great orig9al engrav] ,flor5ce produc$1 & ) him we br+ to a close our all too brief /udy ( ,flor5t9e engrav+4 ,,italian ,,engrav+3 ,,! ,,flor5t9es ,,bibliography ,,le ,,pe9tre ,,graveur4 ,by ,adam ,b>ts*4 #ba volumes4 ,vi5na3 #ahjc-ahba4 ,volume #ac1 ,e>ly ,italian ,engrav]s4 ,,! ,,draw+s ,,( ,,! ,,flor5t9e ,,pa9t]s4 ,by ,b]nh>d ,b]5son4 #b volumes4 #ahj illu/rations4 ,new ,york3 ,e4 ,p4 ,dutton ,company4 #aijc4 ,,catalogue ,,( ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,engrav+s ,,pres]v$ ,,9 ,,! ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,pr9ts ,,& ,,draw+s ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,by ,ar?ur ,mayg] ,h9d4 ,edit$ by ,sidney ,colv94 #bj illu/rations4 ,london3 ,! ,tru/ees4 #aiaj4 ----4 ,illu/rations to ! ,catalogue 444 #aih plates4 ,london3 ,! ,tru/ees4 #aiji4 ,,"s ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,engrav]s ,,be=e ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,m>cantonio4 ,by ,ar?ur ,mayg] ,h9d4 #bb illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #b1 ,no4 #c1 pp4 #bec-bhi4 ,bo/on4 #aiab4 ,,sulle ,,orig9i ,,dell',,incisione ,,9 ,,rame ,,9 ,,italia4 ,by ,paul ,kri/ell]4 #d illu/rations4 ,ar*ivio ,/orico dell',arte1 ,vol4 #f1 p4 #cia-djj4 ,rome4 #ahic4 ,,le ,,pe9tre-,,graveur4 ,by ,j4 ,d4 ,passavant4 #f volumes4 ,leipzig3 ,rudolph ,weigel4 #ahfj-ahfd4 ,volumes #a & #e1 ,e>ly ,italian ,engrav]s4 ,,des ,,types ,,et ,,des ,,mani,,res ,,des ,,maitres ,,graveurs 444 ,,en ,,italie1 ,,en ,,allemagne1 ,,dans ,,les ,,pays-,,bas ,,et ,,en ,,france4 ,by ,jules ,r5\vi]4 #b volumes4 ,montpelli]3 ,boehm1 #ahec-ahee4 ,volume #a1 ,engrav]s ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury4 ,,lives ,,( ,,! ,,mo/ ,,em95t ,,pa9t]s1 ,,sculptors1 ,,& ,,ar*itects4 ,by ,giorgio ,vas>i4 ,translat$ by ,mrs4 ,jona?an ,fo/]4 ,) comm5t>y by ,j4 ,p4 ,ri*t]4 #f volumes4 ,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons4 #ahij-ahib4 ,,f9igu]ra1 ,,maso 7#adbf-adfd7 ,a ,,flor5t9e ,,picture-,,*ronicle2 ,,be+ ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,n9ety-,,n9e ,,draw+s ,,repres5t+ ,,sc5es ,,& ,,p]sonages ,,( ,,anci5t ,,hi/ory1 ,,sacr$ ,,& ,,pr(ane2 ,,reproduc$ ,,f ,,! ,,orig9als ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,edit$ by ,sidney ,colv94 #ii reproductions & #aag text illu/rations4 ,london3 ,b4 ,qu>it*4 #ahih4 ,,s&ro ,,botticelli4 ,by ,h]b]t ,p4 ,horne4 #dc plates4 ,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons4 #aije4 pp4 #gg-hf4 ,,! ,,planets 7c4 #adfj7 ,,! ,,sev5 ,,planets4 ,by ,fri$ri* ,lippmann4 ,translat$ by ,flor5ce ,simmonds4 #dc reproductions4 ,london4 #ahie4 7,int]national ,*alcographical ,society4 #ahie47 ,,! ,,otto ,,pr9ts 7c4 #adfe-adgj7 ,,flor5t9is*e ,,zi]/,,cke ,,aus ,,dem ,,xv4 ,,jahrhund]t4 ,edit$ by ,paul ,kri/ell]4 #be reproductions4 ,b]l93 ,bruno ,cassir]4 #aiji4 7,graphis*e ,gesells*aft4 ,publication #aj47 ,,delle #8,,imprese ,,amorose' ,,nelle ,,pi ,,anti*e ,,incisione ,,fior5t9e4 ,by ,a4 ,w>burg4 ,rivi/a d',arte1 ,vol4 #c 7,july-,augu/74 ,flor5ce4 #aije4 ,,engrav+s ,,9 ,,books 7#adgg-adha7 ,,works ,,( ,,! ,,italian ,,engrav]s ,,9 ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury2 ,,reproduc$ 444 ,,) ,,an ,,introduction4 ,by ,george ,william ,reid4 #bj reproductions on #ai plates4 ,fir/ ,s]ies3 ,il ,libro del ,monte ,sancto di ,dio1 #adgg2 ,la ,div9a ,comm$ia ( ,dante2 & ! ,triumphs ( ,petr>*4 ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,! ,,div9a ,,comm$ia1 ,,flor5ce1 #adha ,,s&ro ,,botticelli4 ,by ,h]b]t ,p4 ,horne4 #dc plates4 ,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons4 #aijh4 pp4 #ge-gg1 #aij-bee4 ,,zei*nung5 ,,von ,,s&ro ,,botticelli ,,zu ,,dante',s ,,goettli*] ,,komo$ie ,,na* ,,d5 ,,orig9al5 ,,im ,k4 ,,kupf]/i*kab9et ,,zu ,,b]l94 ,edit$ by ,fri$ri* ,lippmann4 #bj reproductions ( engrav+s b\nd ) text4 ,) portfolio ( #hd reproductions ( ! draw+s4 ,supplem5t$ by--,,die ,,a*t ,,h&zei*nung5 ,,des ,,s&ro ,,botticelli ,,zu ,,dantes ,g,,ttli*] ,,kom,,die ,,im ,,vatikan4 ,edit$ by ,josef ,/rzyg[ski4 ,) portfolio ( #h reproductions4 ,,triumphs ,,( ,,petr>* 7c4 #adgj-adhj7 ,p,,tr>que2 ,,ses ,,tudes ,d',,art1 ,,son ,,influ5ce ,,sur ,,les ,,arti/es1 ,,ses ,,portraits ,,& ,,ceux ,,de ,,laure1 ,l',,illu/ration ,,de ,,ses ,,crits4 ,by ,victor ,massna1 ,pr9ce d',essl+1 & ,eugne ,muntz4 #ba plates & #aia text illu/rations4 ,p>is3 ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts4 #aijb4 ,,tudes ,,sur ,,les ,,triomphes ,,de ,p,,tr>que4 ,by ,victor ,massna1 ,pr9ce d',essl+4 #f illu/rations4 ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts4 #b p>ts4 ,"p ,i4 ,vol4 #ce 7second p]iod74 pp4 #caa-cba4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,vol4 #cf 7second p]iod74 pp4 #be-cd4 ,p>is4 #ahhg4 ,,petr>*2 ,,8 ,,life ,,& ,,times4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,hollway-,cal?rop4 #bd illu/rations4 ,london3 ,me?u5 ,co4 #aijg4 ,,broad ,,mann] ,,plates 7c4 #adgj-adhj7 ,,s&ro ,,botticelli4 ,by ,h]b]t ,p4 ,horne4 #dc plates4 ,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons4 #aijh4 pp4 #bhh-bia4 ,,! ,,t>oc*i ,,pr9ts 7c4 #adfg7 ,,die ,,t>oc*i2 ,,zwei ,,itali5is*e ,,kupf]/i*folg5 ,,aus ,,dem ,,xv4 ,,jahrhund]t4 ,edit$ by ,paul ,kri/ell]4 #ajj reproductions on #ej plates4 ,b]l93 ,bruno ,cassir]4 #aiaj4 7,graphis*e ,gesells*aft4 ,extraord9>y ,publication #b47 ,,d] ,,v5ezianis*e ,,kupf]/i* ,,im ,,xv4 ,,jahrhund]t4 ,by ,paul ,kri/ell]4 #f illu/rations4 ,mitteilung5 d] ,gesells*aft fr v]vielfltig5de ,kun/1 ,vol4 #cj1 ,no4 #a4 ,vi5na4 #aijg4 ,,orig9e ,,des ,,c>tes ,,j\]4 ,by ,r4 ,m]l94 ,ab\t #fjj reproductions4 ,p>is3 ,l'auteur4 #ahfi4 ,,! ,,t>oc*i ,,pr9ts4 ,by ,emil ,h4 ,ri*t]4 #ac illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #f1 ,no4 #a1 pp4 #cg-hi4 ,bo/on4 #aiaf4 ,,catalogue ,,( ,,play+ ,,& ,,o!r ,,c>ds ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,by ,william ,hughes ,will%ire4 #gh reproductions on #bd plates4 ,london3 ,! ,tru/ees4 #ahgf4 ,,pollaiuolo1 ,,antonio 7#adcb-adih7 ,,flor5t9e ,,pa9t]s ,,( ,,! ,,r5aissance4 ,by ,b]nh>d ,b]5son4 ,new ,york3 ,putnam's ,sons4 #ahii4 pp4 #dg-eg4 ,,antonio ,,pollaiuolo4 ,by ,maud ,cruttwell4 #ea illu/rations4 ,london3 ,duckwor? & ,company4 #aijg4 ,,note ,,su ,,mantegna ,e ,,pollaiuolo4 ,by ,ar?ur ,mayg] ,h9d4 #b illu/rations4 ,l',arte1 ,vol4 #i1 pp4 #cjc-cje4 ,rome4 #aijf4 ,,g]man ,,engrav+3 ,,! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et ,,& ,,albre*t ,d,,r] ,) ! exception ( ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]1 none ( ,dr]'s imm$iate pr$ecessors bett] repays a ?or\gh /udy1 or ex]ts a m pot5t fasc9ation1 ?an ! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et4 ,! e>li] writ]s1 f ,du*esne to ,dutuit1 7 unit$ 9 _! op9ion t ?is engrav] 0 a ,ne!rl&]2 b ,max ,lehrs1 foll[+ ! track op5$ up by ,h>z51 has prov$ conclusively t ! ,ma/] ( ! ,am/]dam ,cab9et 7s call$ because ! l>ge/ collection ( 8 engrav+s--eighty subjects out ( ! eighty-n9e :i* are kn[n--is pres]v$ 9 ! ,royal ,pr9t ,rooms 9 ,am/]dam7 0 n a ,ne!rl&] b a ,s\? ,g]man1 a native ( ,rh5i% ,suabia--! v arti/1 9 fact1 :o design$ ! illu/rations ( ! ,planets & _! influ5ces & ! v>i\s arts & occupations ( m51 = ! s-call$ 8,m$ieval ,h\se ,book0 9 ! collection ( ,pr9ce von ,waldburg-,wolfegg4 ,9 subject-matt] he owes little to 8 pr$ecessors1 & 9 te*nique he is an isolat$ ph5om5on4 ,/4 ,m>t9 & ! ,begg> & ,/4 ,mi*ael & ! ,dragon %[ t he 0 acqua9t$ ) ! "w ( ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]2 ! ,ec/asy ( ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5 is obvi\sly bas$ ^u a simil> engrav+ by ! ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ( #adff2 b = ! mo/ "p he /&s alone4 ,he seems to h work$ entirely 9 dry-po9t ^u "s s(t metal--lead or pewt]1 p]haps--& ! ink :i* he us$1 ( a s(t grayi% t9t1 comb9es ) ! bread? & s(tness ( ! l9es to imp>t to 8 pr9ts mu* ( ! "* ( draw+s 9 silv]-po9t4 ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,am/]dam ,cab9et has treat$ a wide range ( subjects1 8 pref]5ce be+ = sc5es ( ev]yday life4 ,8 pr9ts %[ appreciation ( ! beauties ( l&scape1 8 skill 9 ! treatm5t ( wide spaces is ma/]ly1 & !re is a beauty & sweetness 9 ! expression ( 8 faces :i* makes him a wor?y rival ( ,m>t9 ,s*ongau] himself4 ,he has left u no purely ornam5tal designs1 su* z might s]ve 9 ! decoration ( vessels us$ 9 ! *ur*1 & we may inf]1 f ! "* ( 8 engrav+s1 t he 0 a pa9t]1 :o us$ ! dry-po9t z a div]sion1 r ?an a pr(essional engrav]1 pursu+ 8 craft z a means ( livelihood4 ,9 p[] ( composition he c h>dly rank ) ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]1 & 9 range ( intellect he falls %ort ( ! heights rea*$ by ,albre*t ,dr]2 b 8 v limitations1 p]haps1 r5d] him a m companionable p]sonage1 & 8 mod]nity makes an imm$iate appeal to u all4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et4 ,,ec/asy ,,( ,,/4 ,,m>y ,,magdal5 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #e in*es ,9 ! ,royal ,pr9t ,room1 ,am/]dam ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et4 ,,crucifixion ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #e in*es ,9 ! ,royal ,pr9t ,room1 ,am/]dam ,! ,ec/asy ( ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5 is "o ( 8 e>lie/ plates & is a free translation ( ! same subject by ! ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,x w\ld seem z ?\gh 8 dry-po9t 0 ! imm$iate orig9al ( ,dr]'s woodcut4 ,! position ( ! ,magdal5's h&s is ! same 9 bo? compositions1 b ,dr] has add$ a l&scape :i*1 admirable ?\gh x be1 detracts f ! ma9 int]e/ ( 8 pr9t4 ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,am/]dam ,cab9et1 9 a second r5d]+1 h]e) reproduc$1 has elim9at$ all sup]flu\s or di/ract+ details & imp>t$ a surpris+ degree ( grace & purity to ! lovely design4 ,any?+ l a *ronological arrangem5t ( ! ma/]'s "w w\ld be difficult1 b "o may safely assume t ?is beautiful engrav+ belongs to ! late/ & mo/ mature p]iod ( 8 art1 to :i* p]iod we also may assign ! ,two ,lov]s4 ,z a rule1 8 lea/ successful engrav+s are ^? deal+ ) religi\s !mes4 ,at times1 h[ev]1 z 9 ! ,crucifixion1 he rises to heights ( dramatic int5sity1 & ,dr] may be indebt$ m ?an we realize to ?is r5d]+ ( ! div9e trag$y4 ,ari/otle & ,phyllis & ,solomon's ,idolatry are satirical illu/rations ( ! follies ( sages 9 love4 ,bo? plates are illum9$ by a truly mod]n s5se ( humor1 :ile ! arrangem5t ( ! figures )9 ! spaces to be fill$ is admirable4 ,su* subjects z ,! ,?ree ,liv+ & ! ,?ree ,dead ,k+s & ,"y ,man & ,dea? are v>iations ^u a !me :i* 0 upp]mo/ 9 ! m9ds ( _m m5 at ?is "t1 :5 ! ,ars ,mori5di & ! ,dance ( ,dea? 7 con/ant rem9d]s ( man's mortality4 ,9 agreeable contra/ is ! dry-po9t ( ,two ,lov]s--a little ma/]piece--"o ( 8 mo/ *>m+ designs4 8,! sweet %yness ( ! maid51 ! t5d] glances ( ! lov] & ! s(t pressure ( _! h&s are r5d]$ ) an inimitable grace1 & ! "w is altoge!r ( su* exceptional quality t we may c\nt ?is delightful picture z "o ( ! r>e/ gems ( ,g]man engrav+ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury40#g #g ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,am/]dam ,cab9et4 ,by ,max ,lehrs4 ,int]national ,*alcographical ,society1 #ahic & #ahid4 p4 #g4 ,! ,/ag ,hunt is fill$ ) ! _s ( outdoor life1 ! exhil>ation ( ! *ase1 & ! joy ( ! h\nds 9 pursu+ _! qu>ry4 ,no o!r engrav] ( ! fifte5? c5tury has left u any su* tru?ful r5d]+ ( a hunt+ sc5e1 & ! life-enhanc+ quality ( ?is little dry-po9t makes ev5 ,dr]'s r5d]+ ( animal =ms seem cold & relatively lifeless4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et4 ,,/ag ,,hunt ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #c #f in*es ,9 ! ,royal ,pr9t ,room1 ,am/]dam ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et4 ,,/4 ,,george ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #e #d in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,! ma/]'s k ( ! anatomy ( ! horse1 & 8 treatm5t ( t noble bea/1 un=tunately fall f> %ort ( 8 r5d]+ ( ! dogs & /ags 9 ! ,/ag ,hunt4 ,! figure ( ,/4 ,george is suffici5tly graceful & conv9c+1 b ! horse 7seem+ly ( ! rock+-horse v>iety7 c h>dly be proclaim$ a complete success4 ,9 spite ( ?is obvi\s defect x is "o ( ! arti/'s f9e/ plates1 rem>kable = its exceptional =ce & animation4 ,! unique pro(1 ( :i* ! ,briti% ,museum is ! =tunate possessor1 is 9 spl5did condition & ri* 9 burr4 ,& n[1 ) "s trepidation ( _s1 we approa* ,,albre*t ,d,,r] & 8 engrav$ "w4 ,8 _m-sid$ness =$ooms to failure any attempt at an adequate & compreh5sive treatm5t4 ,8 compositions1 z ,max ,allihn ju/ly says1 may fitt+ly be lik5$ to ! ,sph9x ( ! old leg5d2 = 8!y attack ev]yone :o1 ei!r z critic1 hi/orian or h>mless w&]]1 v5tures 9 ! realm ( art1 & propose to him _! unsolvable riddles40 ,( 8 own "w ,dr] says3 8,:at beauty may be ,i "k n4 ,art is hidd5 9 nature & :osoev] c te> x out has x10 & 8 life-long que/ ( k1 8 truly ,g]man rev]5ce = fact1 hangs l a mill/one ar\nd 8 neck4 8,( a tru?10 writes ,raphael1 8?is man w\ld h surpass$ u all if he _h _h ! ma/]pieces ( art con/antly be=e him10 ,raphael himself--8,raphael ! ,div9e0--h>dly p>alyz$ /hetic criticism = a long] p]iod ?an has ,dr]1 & 9 /udy+ 8 engrav+s1 if ! /ud5t w\ld see !m = :at !y are1 z works ( art1 & n ?r\gh ! en*ant$1 (t5times /upefy+1 maze ( metaphysics1 he mu/ be prep>$ = ! gibes & v]bal brick-bats ( 8 contempor>ies1 :o hold 9 rev]5ce all t has ! sanction ( long-cont9u$ repetition by au?ority aft] au?ority4 8,if y see x 9 a book x's true2 if y see x 9 a ,g]man book x's v true10 applies ) only too tell+ a =ce to a consid]able %>e ( ,dr] speculation4 ,= bett] or worse ,i _c b ?9k t ,dr]'s prime int5tion 9 8 engrav+s 0 an arti/ic "o1 ?\gh obvi\sly ?is int5tion 0 (t5 ov]laid ) a desire to supply an exi/+ dem& & to introduce1 into o!rwise simple compositions1 traditional morali/ic motives :i* %\ld r5d] 8 engrav+s m m>ketable at ! fairs1 :]e mo/ly !y 7 sold4 ,s _m & s fasc9at+ are ! facets ( ,dr]'s p]sonality1 s int]e/+ is he z a man 9 ^: m9d meet1 & sometimes bl5d1 ! ideas ( ! ,middle ,ages ) ^? almo/ ( our own "t1 t if we are to /udy1 ev5 9 ! briefe/ & mo/ cursory fa%ion1 8 engrav$ "w1 we mu/ p]=ce conf9e ourselves /rictly to ! arti/ic cont5t ( 8 plates & n be s$uc$ into ! by-ways ( speculation :i* lead any:]e--or1 m (t51 n[h]e4 ,e>lie/ ( 8 au!nticat$ engrav+s1 )\t monogram & )\t date1 crude 9 h&l+1 possibly sugge/$ by ! "w ( "s e>li] ma/]1 & 9 all probability execut$ be=e 8 fir/ j\rney to ,v5ice 7t is to say1 be=e or 9 ! ye> #adij7 is ! ,ravi%]1 susceptible ( z _m & z v>i$ int]pretations z !re are au?orities2 f a man us+ viol5ce1 to ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,x has ev5 be5 connect$ 9 "s way ) a belief 9 wit*craft6 ,! ,holy ,family ) ! ,dragonfly1 to :i* ,koehl] gives second place 9 8 *ronological arrangem5t ( ,dr]'s engrav+s1 %[s an a/oni%+ advance 9 te*nique & 9 composition4 ,x is undat$1 b ! monogram is 9 its e>ly =m4 ,! galley & ! two gondolas1 9 ! di/ant wat] to ! "r1 w\ld seem to indicate t x 0 engrav$ 9 or ab\t ! ye> #adid1 ^u ,dr]'s return f ,v5ice1 & x is probably 8 fir/ plate aft] 8 return to ,nuremb]g4 ,!re is a sweetness & an attractiv5ess 9 ! face ( ! ,virg9 :i* po9ts to an acqua9tance ) ,s*ongau]'s engrav+1 ! ,virg9 ) a ,p>rot4 ,! poise ( ! head & ! fl[+ hair l5d color to ?is supposition4 ,to h[ great an ext5t n only ! engrav+s1 b ! !ories1 ( ,jacopo de' ,b>b>i may h influ5c$ ,dr] 9 su* plates z ,/4 ,j]ome 9 ,p5it5ce1 ! ,c>ry+ ,(f ( ,amymone1 ,h]cules1 or ! ,f\r ,nak$ ,wom51 is difficult to det]m9e4 ,x may h be5 consid]able1 ?\gh1 at times1 "o _c help wond]+ :e!r ! !ory ( proportion ( ! human body1 ( :i* ,jacopo spoke to ,dr]1 b conc]n+ :i* he refus$ 7or 0 unable7 to give him fur!r detail$ p>ticul>s1 may n h be5 m or less ( a 8bluff10 s9ce !re is no record ( ,jacopo hav+ committ$ ! results ( 8 /udies to writ+1 & 9 8 engrav+s !re is little evid5ce ( any logical !ory ( proportion4 ,t a pot5t influ5ce 0 at "w %ap+ ,dr]'s developm5t is cle>1 & ! figure ( ,/4 ,j]ome und\bt$ly owes a good deal to ,jacopo4 ,! l&scape is all ,dr]'s own1 ! fir/ ( a long s]ies f9ely conceiv$ & admirably execut$4 ,! long1 sweep+ l9es 9 ! =egr\nd recall ! mann] ( ,jacopo de' ,b>b>i1 b o!rwise ! engrav+ owes little te*nically to t arti/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,! ,,monkey ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #d in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,f\r ,,nak$ ,,wom5 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #e in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild ) ! ,monkey is ! mo/ brilliant ( ,dr]'s engrav+s 9 8 e>li] p]iod4 ,9 ! op9ion ( _m /ud5ts x is1 likewise1 ! mo/ beautiful & dignifi$1 n only 9 ! figures ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 b also 9 ! bread? & ri*ness ( ! l&scape4 ,! lovel9ess ( ! backgr\nd 0 e>ly recogniz$1 & sev]al ,italian engrav]s1 includ+ ,giulio ,campagnola1 avail$ !mselves ( x4 ,:5 ,dr]'s draw+s & wat]-colors are m g5]ally kn[n1 he w be acclaim$ "o ( ! ma/]s ( l&scape4 ,!re is a fre%ness1 a breez9ess1 an 8out-(-doors0 quality 9 8 wat]-color ( ! ,wei]haus :i* w surprise ^? :o hi!rto h kn[n him only ?r\gh 8 engrav$ "w1 :]e9 ! l&scape und]goes a c]ta9 =maliz+ process4 ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild ) ! ,monkey is s beautiful 9 simplicity ( h&l+1 s delightful 9 arrangem5t ( black & :ite1 t x is h>d to reconcile oneself to ! comp>atively co>se l9e "w1 ! ins5sitiv5ess to beauty ( =m1 ! disreg>d ( anatomy1 %[n 9 ,f\r ,nak$ ,wom5 ( #adig--;,dr]'s fir/ dat$ plate--especially ! woman /&+ to ! left1 :o comb9es ! slackness ( ,jacopo de' ,b>b>i at 8 wor/ ) ! heav9ess & puff9ess possible only to a ,nor!rn] unacqua9t$ ) ! classic ideals ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance4 ,speculation is aga9 rife z to ! mean+1 if x has a mean+1 ( ! skull & bone on ! gr\nd1 & ! devil em]g+ f ! flames at ! left4 ,! engrav+ seems to be a /raight=w>d1 naturali/ic /udy ( ! nude1 ) ^! accessories ?r[n 9 to give ! subject a moraliz+ air :i* w\ld make x palatable to ! arti/'s contempor>ies4 ,!re c\ld h>dly be a great] contra/ to ?is frankly hide\s treatm5t ( ! human =m ?an ,h]cules 7call$ also ! ,effects ( ,jeal\sy1 ! ,great ,satyr1 etc474 ,9 ?is plate we are able1 z 9 few o!rs--! "o notable exception be+ ! ,adam & ,eve ( #aejd--to foll[ out1 /ep by /ep1 ,dr]'s upbuild+ ( ! composition4 ,! figures are1 9 ?is case1 idealiz$ accord+ to ! canons ( classical beauty1 r ?an reali/ically r5d]$4 ,incid5tally1 ! l&scape is q ! mo/ beautiful :i* appe>s 9 any ( ,dr]'s engrav+s4 ,its spaci\sness in/antly comm&s our admiration1 & ! gradation f light to d>k1 to indicate diff]+ planes 9 ! trees1 is manag$ 9 a ma/]ly mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,h]cules ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ac #h in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,anonym\s ,,nor? ,,italian1 ,,xv ,,c5tury4 ,,dea? ,,( ,,orpheus ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #e #h in*es ,9 ! ,kun/halle1 ,hamburg ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,dea? ,,( ,,orpheus ,size ( ! orig9al draw+1 #aa #h in*es ,9 ! ,kun/halle1 ,hamburg ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,battle ,,( ,,! ,,sea-,,gods4 7,aft] ,mantegna7 ,size ( ! orig9al draw+1 #aa #ae in*es ,9 ! ,alb]t9a1 ,vi5na ,beg9n+ ) ! ,dea? ( ,orpheus1 engrav$ by "s anonym\s ,nor? ,italian ma/] work+ 9 ! ,f9e ,mann] ( ! ,t>oc*i ,c>ds1 ! next /ep is ,dr]'s p5 draw+1 dat$ #adid4 ,! figures ( ,orpheus & ( ! two ,?racian ,mnads rema9 un*ang$1 z does also ! little *ild runn+ t[>ds ! left4 ,dr] has1 h[ev]1 *ang$ ! lute into a lyre1 z be+ m suit$ to ,orpheus1 & has add$ ! beautiful gr\p ( trees :i* reappe>s1 little *ang$1 9 8 engrav+ ( ,h]cules4 ,!re is a draw+ ( ! ,mantegna ,s*ool :i* ,dr] may1 or may n1 h se52 b ! face ( ,orpheus 9 8 draw+ %[s c]ta9 unmi/akable ,mantegna *>act]i/ics1 f> remov$ f ! ,nor? ,italian ,f9e ,mann] pr9t4 ,f ,mantegna's engrav+1 ! ,battle ( ! ,sea-,gods 7"r-h& portion71 ,dr] has borr[$ ! figure ( ! recl9+ woman to ! left & ! ,satyr4 ,t he 0 acqua9t$ ) ?is engrav+ by ,mantegna is atte/$ by a draw+ ( #adid4 ,! man /&+ to ! "r1 ) legs spread wide ap>t1 we>+ a fanta/ic helmet 9 ! %ape ( a cock1 recalls ! "w ( ,pollaiuolo1 by :om !re exi/s a simil> draw+1 n[ 9 ,b]l94 ,f ^! v>i\s elem5ts ,dr] builds up 8 composition4 ,its full mean+ he alone knew4 ,x has rema9$ an unsolv$ riddle f 8 "t to our own4 ,! ,c>ry+ ,(f ( ,amymone belongs to ?is same p]iod4 ,"h ,dr] has aga9 us$ ! motive tak5 f ,mantegna's engrav+1 ! ,battle ( ! ,sea ,gods2 b 9 ?is in/ance he foll[s 8 orig9al mu* m closely4 ,dr] alludes to ?is pr9t 9 ! di>y ( 8 j\rney to ! ,ne!rl&s z ,! ,sea ,wond] 7,das ,me]wund]72 & al?\gh ! int]pretations giv5 to x are _m & v>i\s1 its true mean+1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,h]cules1 rema9s a matt] ( conjecture4 ,by #aejc1 ! ye> to :i* belongs ! ,coat-(-,arms ) ! ,skull1 & also1 9 all probability1 ! magnific5t ,coat-(-,arms ) ! ,cock1 ,dr] seems to h ov]come successfully all te*nical difficulties & is absolute ma/] ( 8 m$ium4 ,f ?is "t onw>ds1 al?\gh 8 mann] und]goes c]ta9 modifications 9 ! direction ( full] color & ( a m accurate r5d]+ ( texture1 8 language is adequate = any?+ he may wi% to say1 & he is free to address himself to ! solution ( sci5tific problems1 su* z are involv$ 9 ! elucidation ( 8 canon ( human proportion1 or ! /ill deep] que/ions :i* /irr$ s pr(\ndly ! speculative m9ds ( 8 "t4 ,) ! exception ( ,h]cules1 ,adam & ,eve is ! only engrav+ by ,dr] ( :i* trial pro(s1 prop]ly s-call$1 exi/1 :]eby we c /udy ,dr]'s me?od4 ,fir/ ! outl9es 7 lightly laid 92 !n ! backgr\nd 0 c>ri$ =w>d & sub/antially complet$4 ,9 ! fir/ trial pro( ,adam's "r leg alone is f9i%$2 b 9 ! second trial pro( he is complet$ to ! wai/4 ,?is me?od ( proc$ure is significant1 9 view ( ! endless controv]sies1 bas$ ^u an incomplete /udy ( ,dr]'s te*nique1 reg>d+ ! use ( prelim9>y et*+ 9 _m plates ( 8 middle & lat] p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,adam ,,& ,,eve ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #i x #h in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,apollo ,,& ,,diana ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #d #b in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,9 ,adam & ,eve ,dr] has summ$ up ! k obta9$ by actual obs]vation & by a s]ies ( draw+s & /udies ext5d+ ov] a numb] ( ye>s1 & comb9$ ) x 8 !oretical work+ out ( ! proportions ( ! human figure1 male & female4 ,9 no o!r plate has he lavi%$ su* lov+ c>e ^u ! repres5tation ( ! human =m4 ,! fle% is1 s to speak1 c>ess$ ) ! bur91 z ?\gh1 once & = all1 ! arti/ wi%$ to prove to 8 contempor>ies t ! grav] suffic$ = ! r5d]+ ( ! mo/ beautiful1 ! mo/ subtle & sci5tific problems4 ,t ,dr] himself 0 satisfi$ ) ! result ( 8 labors at ?is "t is made manife/ by ! detail$ inscription1 ,,alb]tus ,,dur] ,,noricus ,,faciebat1 on ! tablet1 foll[$ by 8 monogram & ! date #aejd4 ,?is plate proclaim$ him indisputably ! greate/ ma/] ( ! bur9 ( 8 "t2 & along ! l9es :i* he laid d[n = himself x rema9s unsurpass$ until our own day4 ,adam & ,eve is foll[$ by a gr\p ( pr9ts :i*1 ?\gh int]e/+ 9 treatm5t & *>m+ 9 subject1 su* z ! ,nativity1 ,apollo & ,diana1 & ! fir/ f\r plates ( ! ,small ,passion1 reveal no?+ new 9 ,dr]'s developm5t z an arti/ or a man4 ,9 ! ye> #aeaj1 h[ev]1 is made 8 fir/ exp]im5t 9 dry-po9t4 ,( ! v small plate ( ,/4 ,v]onica ) ! ,sud>ium two impressions only h come d[n to u1 nei!r ( !m %[+ mu* burr4 ,! ,man ( ,sorr[s1 dat$ #aeab1 likewise mu/ h be5 v delicately scrat*$ ^u ! copp]1 all exi/+ impressions be+ pale & delicate 9 tone4 ,:e!r ,dr]'s desire 0 to produce engrav+s :i* %\ld entail less labor & be m quickly execut$ ?an 0 possible by ! sl[] & m labori\s me?od ( ! bur91 or :e!r1 z seems mu* m likely1 he 0 influ5c$ by an acqua9tance%ip ) ! dry-po9t "w ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,am/]dam ,cab9et1 _c be ass]t$ ) any degree ( assurance4 ,dr]'s ?ird dry-po9t1 ! ,/4 ,j]ome by ! ,will[ ,tree 7l ! ,man ( ,sorr[s dat$ #aeab71 is treat$ 9 s mu* bold] & m pa9t]-l a mann]1 is s ri* 9 burr & s satisfy+ z a composition1 t "o c h>dly acc\nt = su* rem>kable developm5t unaid$ by any outside influ5ce or /imulation4 ,! ,briti% ,museum's impression ( ! fir/ /ate1 be=e ! monogram1--! ri*e/ impression kn[n--yields no?+ 9 color effect ev5 to ,rembr&t4 ,?aus+ is incl9$ to ?9k t ,rembr&t mu/ h be5 inspir$ by ?is plate to himself take up ! dry-po9t--an int]e/+ speculation & "o :i* w\ld d honor to bo? ( ^! great ma/]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,/4 ,,j]ome ,,by ,,! ,,will[ ,,tree 7,fir/ ,/ate7 ,size ( ! orig9al dry-po9t #h #g in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,holy ,,family ,size ( ! orig9al dry-po9t1 #h #g in*es ,! ,holy ,family1 ?\gh )\t monogram & undat$1 belongs s unmi/akably1 f int]nal evid5ce1 to ?is p]iod1 t we may safely assign x to ! ye> #aeab4 ,! backgr\nd & l&scape to ! left are indicat$ 9 outl9e only4 ,did ,dr] int5d to c>ry ! plate fur!r8 ,we c nev] "k4 ,x is 8 f\r? &1 un=tunately1 8 la/ dry-po9t4 ,!re is a beauty 9 ,/4 ,j]ome by ! ,will[ ,tree & 9 ?is ,holy ,family :i* leads u to read 9 ^! two ma/]pieces c]ta9 ,italian influ5ces4 ,!re is ! l>g5ess ( conception ( ! ,v5etian ,s*ool1 & bo? ,/4 ,j]ome & ,/4 ,joseph %[ /rong traces ( su* a ma/] z ,giovanni ,bell9i4 ,) ! brief space at our disposal1 :at %all we say ( ! cr[n+ works ( ^? two wond]ful ye>s1 #aeac-aead--,knight1 ,dea? & ! ,devil1 ,melan*olia1 & ,/4 ,j]ome 9 8 ,/udy8 ,are !y ?ree ( a propos$ s]ies ( ! f\r temp]am5ts8 ,%\ld !y be consid]$ z p>ts ( a gr\p--or is ea* ma/]piece complete 9 itself8 ,"o ?+ at lea/ !y h 9 common3 !y are truly 8,/immungsbild]0--t is1 ! light+ is s arrang$1 9 ea* composition1 z directly to affect ! m9d & ! mood ( ! behold]1 & 8! sombre gloom ( ! ,knight1 ,dea? & ! ,devil1 ! weird1 une>?ly glitt] ( ! ,melan*olia1 ) its unc]ta91 gl9t+ lights1 ! s(t1 tranquil sun%9e ( ! ,/4 ,j]ome1 are all 9 accordance ) _! sev]al subjects4 ,^!1 :e!r or n orig9ally int5d$ to repres5t #8classes ( m5' or #8moods1' c]ta9ly call up ! latt] 9 ! m9d ( ! behold]--! /eady c\rage ( ! valiant fight] = ! "r1 undismay$ by d>kness & dang]s2 ! brood+1 lead+ well-nigh to despair1 ov] ! va9 ef=ts ( human sci5ce to lift ! veil ( ! et]nal secret2 & ! calm cont5t ( ! m9d at peace ) itself & ! _w ar\nd x40#h #h ,a ,*ronological ,catalogue ( ! ,engrav+s1 ,dry-,po9ts & ,et*+s ( ,alb]t ,dr]1 z exhibit$ at ! ,groli] ,club4 ,by ,sylve/] ,r4 ,koehl]4 ,new ,york2 ,! ,groli] ,club4 #ahig4 p4 #fe4 ,dr]1 un=tunately1 %$s no light ^u ! inn] & deep] mean+ ( ! ,knight1 ,dea? & ! ,devil4 ,he speaks ( x simply z 8,a ,horseman40 ,! _m & v>i\s titles inv5t$ = x s9ce 8 "t c>ry u v little fur!r =w>d ?an :]e we began4 ,! lett] ,s1 :i* prec$es ! date1 ! dog :i* trots ^u ! fur!r side ( ! horse1 ev5 ! blades ( grass "u ! ho( ( ! "r h9d leg ( ! horse1 h all be5 matt]s ( speculation & controv]sy1 & we *oose ! "p ( wisdom if1 disreg>d+ ! swirl+ curr5ts ( metaphysical int]pretation1 we enjoy ?is ma/]piece ( engrav+ = its /hetic cont5t prim>ily1 & = its pot5tial mean+s aft]w>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,knight1 ,,dea? ,,& ,,! ,,devil ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #i #g in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,melan*olia ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #i #g in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,melan*olia favors an ev5 wid] range ( speculation ?an ! ,knight1 ,dea? & ! ,devil4 ,?is woman1 :o we>s a laurel wrea? & :o1 seat$ 9 gloomy m$itation1 supports h] *eek 9 h] left h&1 :ile all ! mat]ials = human labor1 = art1 & = sci5ce lie scatt]$ ab\t h]--does %e symbolize human ,reason 9 despair at ! limits impos$ ^u h] p[]8 ,or does ! plate h a m p]sonal & intimate mean+1 reflect+ ,dr]'s deep grief at ! dea? ( 8 "m--! "m to :om he s (t5 ref]s 9 8 lett]s1 always ) he>tfelt affection8 ,! s-call$ 8magic squ>e0 l5ds color to ! latt] int]pretation4 ,dr]'s "m di$ on ,may #ag1 #aead4 ,! figures 9 ! diagonally opposite corn]s ( ! squ>e c be read z foll[s1 #af #a & #ac #d1 mak+ #ag1 ! day ( ! mon?2 z d ! figures 9 ! c5t] read crosswise1 #aj #g & #aa #f1 & also ! middle figures at ! sides read across1 #e #ab & #h #i4 ,! two middle figures 9 ! top l9e1 #c #b1 give #e1 ! mon? 9 "q1 & ! two middle figures 9 ! bottom l9e give ! ye>1 #aead4 ,arti/ically ! plate suff]s f ! multiplicity ( objects introduc$1 & ! lov+ c>e :i* ,dr] has lavi%$ ^u !m4 ,he has wi%$ to tell 8 /ory--:atev] x may be--) absolute complet5ess 9 e p>ticul>1 & 9 s do+ he has weak5$ & confus$ ! effect ( 8 plate4 ,x 7 idle to speculate ^u :at might h happ5$ _h s s5sitive a ma/] z ,m>t9 ,s*ongau] possess$ adequate te*nical skill = ! int]pretation ( su* a subject4 ,:at a ma/]piece ( ma/]pieces might h result$ if he _h subject$ x to t process ( simplification & elim9ation ( :i* he 0 s spl5did an expon5t6 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ,melan*olia has be51 & probably w cont9ue to be1 "o ( ! signal triumphs 9 ! hi/ory ( engrav+4 ,we may nev] solve ! riddles :i* %e prop\nds2 b is %e less fasc9at+ = be+ only p>tially und]/ood8 ,/4 ,j]ome 9 8 ,cell1 all ?+s consid]$1 may be acc\nt$ ,dr]'s high-wat] m>k4 ,!re is a unity & h>mony ab\t ?is plate :i* is lack+ 9 ,melan*olia4 ,no?+ c\ld be f9] ?an ! light+2 &1 judg$ m]ely z a 8picture10 x is altoge!r satisfy+ f e po9t ( view4 ,! accessories1 ev5 ! animals 9 ! =egr\nd1 take _! j places 9 ! composition4 ,x is surpris+ t1 al?\gh ! plate is 8f9i%$0 ) m9ute & lov+ c>e1 !re is n ! fa9te/ evid5ce ( labor app>5t any:]e ab\t x2 b ?is is only "o ( its _m & sup]lative m]its4 ,! light /ream+ 9 ?r\gh ! w9d[ at ! left & ba?+ 9 its s(t effulg5ce ! ,sa9t1 int5t ^u 8 task1 & ! entire room 9 :i* he sits1 has be5 = c5turies ! admiration ( e art lov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,/4 ,,j]ome ,,9 ,,8 ,,cell ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #i #g in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,virg9 ,,seat$ ,,beside ,a ,,wall ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #e #c in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,to ?is ye>1 #aead1 also belongs ! ,virg9 ,seat$ ,beside a ,wall1 a plate 9 :i* ! v>iety ( texture has be5 c>ri$ fur!r ?an 9 any o!r engrav+ by ,dr]4 ,! fle% is simply treat$1 9 l9e = ! mo/ "p2 b ! und]g>m5t1 ! fur-trimm$ wrapp]1 & ! sc>f :i* cov]s ! head ( ! ,virg91 hang+ d[n ! back & ?r[n ov] ! knee1 are all c>efully diff]5tiat$4 ,aga91 ! v>i\s planes 9 ! l&scape lead+ up to ! =tifi$ city are beautifully h&l$1 z is also ! wall to ! "r4 ,x is h>d to say :at te*nical problems rema9$ = ,dr] to solve aft] su* a little ma/]piece z ?is4 ,8 gr[+ fame mean:ile _h attract$ ! att5tion ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 8! la/ ( ! ,knights10 :o 9 ,febru>y1 #aeab1 visit$ ,nuremb]g4 ,dr] is commission$ to design ! ,triumphal ,ar*1 ! ,triumphal ,c>1 & simil> monum5tal records ( ! ,emp]or's pr[ess2 n to speak ( su* ord]s z ! decoration ( ! ,emp]or's ,pray]-,book1 etc4 ,su* di/raction absorb$ ! great] "p ( ! arti/'s "t & en]gies1 & !re 0 left little opportunity = ! developm5t ( 8 "w along ! l9es he _h hi!rto foll[$4 ,x may be t we owe to ?is fact1 & to ! quick mode ( produc+ a pr9t su* a process (f]s1 ! six et*+s on iron :i* be> dates f #aeae to #aeah4 ,b1 :atev] ! reason1 we are glad t he et*$ ^! plates4 ,disc>d+1 = ! mom5t1 ! elaborate & detail$ me?od ( l9e "w ( 8 engrav+s on copp]1 he adopts a m op5 sy/em1 su* z w\ld 8come well0 9 ! bit+--clos] "w ?an 9 8 woodcuts1 b p]fectly adapt$ to t :i* he wi%$ to say4 ,!re is a t5se & passionate quality 9 ,*ri/ 9 ! ,g>d5 :i* places ?is et*$ plate among ! notewor?y works ev5 ( ,dr]1 :ile ! w9d-torn tree to ! left ( ,*ri/ gives ! ne$$ t\* ( ! sup]natural to ! composition4 ,! ,c>ry+ ,(f ( ,pros]p9e--! spirit$ draw+ = :i* is n[ 9 ! ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan collection--is ! work+ out1 ) allegorical accessories1 ( a /udy ( a w>rior c>ry+ (f a woman4 ,! la/ ( 8 plates1 ! ,cannon1 ( #aeah1 ) its *>m+ l&scape1 0 d\btless execut$ to supply1 promptly1 a popul> dem&4 ,x repres5ts a l>ge field piece be>+ ! ,arms ( ,nuremb]g1 & ! five /rangely co/um$ m5 to ! "r1 gaz+ ^u ! 8,nuremb]g ,field ,s]p5t10 obvi\sly h "s relation to ! fe> ( ! ,turk1 !n /rong 9 ,g]many4 ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,*ri/ ,,9 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #f in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,erasmus ,,( ,,rott]dam ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #i #g in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,9 #aeai we h ! fir/ ( ,dr]'s engrav$ portraits--,alb]t ( ,br&5burg1 8,! ,little ,c>d9al0 to di/+ui% x f ! l>g] plate ( #aebc4 ,op9ions z to ,dr]'s importance z a portrait engrav] v>y consid]ably4 ,"s /ud5ts feel t 9 ^! lat] works ! engrav] has become s engross$ 9 ! delight ( 8 craft t he has fail$ to conc5trate 8 att5tion ^u ! c\nt5ance & "* ( ! sitt]1 be/[+ excessive c>e ^u ! accessories & ! m9or accid5ts ( surface textures--wr9kles & simil> unimportant matt]s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 su* an au?ority z ,koehl] ma9ta9s t ! ,alb]t ( ,br&5burg1 preem95t = delicacy & noble simplicity among ^! portrait engrav+s by ,dr]1 8w always be rank$ among ! be/ portraits engrav$ any:]e & at any "t40 ,fr$]ic ! ,wise1 ,elector ( ,saxony1 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ patrons ( ,dr]1 f\nd] ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,witt5b]g & a support] ( ! ,re=mation1 al?\gh he nev] op5ly embrac$ ! doctr9es ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,dr]'s draw+ 9 silv]-po9t gives a /raight=w>d & *>act]ful pres5tation ( ! man1 &1 9 ?is in/ance1 translation into ! t]ms ( engrav+ has n[ise less5$ ! directness ( appeal4 ,erasmus ( ,rott]dam be>s ! late/ date 7#aebf7 :i* we f9d ^u any engrav+ by ,dr]1 & x well may be 8 la/ plate4 ,"h ! elaboration & f9i% be/[$ ^u ! accessories c]ta9ly detract f ! portrait int]e/4 ,erasmus 0 polite en\gh1 :5 he saw ?is engrav+1 to excuse its unlik5ess to himself by rem>k+ t d\btless he _h *ang$ mu* dur+ ! five ye>s :i* _h int]v5$ betwe5 ,dr]'s draw+ ( #aeba & ! completion ( ! plate4 ,te*nically1 h[ev]1 x is a ma/]piece1 a wor?y close to ! c>e] ( und\bt$ly ! greate/ engrav] ,g]many has produc$4 ,,g]man ,,engrav+3 ,,! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et ,,& ,,albre*t ,d,,r] ,,bibliography ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et 7fl\ri%$ c4 #adfg-;c4 #aejj7 ,,zur ,,zeitbe/immung ,,d] ,,/i*e ,,des ,,hausbu*-,,mei/]s4 ,by ,curt ,glas]4 ,monat%efte fr ,kun/wiss5s*aft1 ,vol4 #c1 pp4 #ade-aef4 ,leipzig4 #aiaj4 ,,! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et4 ,by ,max ,lehrs4 #hi reproductions4 ,london4 #ahid4 7,int]national ,*alcographical ,society4 #ahic & #ahid47 ,,bild] ,,und ,,zei*nung5 ,,vom ,,mei/] ,,des ,,hausbu*s4 ,by ,max ,lehrs4 #e illu/rations4 ,jahrbu* d] knigli*5 preussis*5 ,kun/sammlung51 ,vol4 #bj1 pp4 #agc-ahb4 ,b]l94 #ahii4 ,,! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,am/]dam ,,cab9et ,,& ,,two ,,new ,,works ,,by ,,8 ,,h&4 ,by ,willy ,f4 ,/orck4 #f illu/rations4 ,! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e4 ,vol4 #ah1 pp4 #ahd-aib4 ,london4 #aiaj4 ,d,,r]1 ,,albre*t 7#adga-aebh7 ,,le ,,pe9tre-,,graveur4 ,by ,adam ,b>ts*4 ,volume #g1 pp4 #e-aig4 ,alb]t ,dur]1 ,vi5na4 #ahjc-ahba4 ,,lit]>y ,,rema9s ,,( ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,by ,william ,m>t9 ,conway4 #ad illu/rations4 ,cambridge3 ,univ]sity ,press4 #ahhi4 ,,! ,,engrav+s ,,( ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,by ,lionel ,cu/4 #d reproductions & #be text illu/rations4 ,london3 ,seeley ,co4 #aijf4 7,! ,portfolio ,arti/ic ,monographs4 ,no4 #aa47 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]2 ,,8 ,,engrav+s ,,& ,,woodcuts4 ,edit$ by ,ar?ur ,mayg] ,h9d4 #fe reproductions4 ,london & ,new ,york3 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,company1 n4 d4 7,great ,engrav]s47 ,d,,r]4 ,by ,h4 ,knackfuss4 ,translat$ by ,campbell ,dodgson4 #acd illu/rations4 ,bielefeld & ,leipzig3 ,velhag5 ,klas+4 #aijj4 7,monographs on ,arti/s47 ,,exhibition ,,( ,,alb]t ,d,,r]',s ,,engrav+s1 ,,et*+s ,,& ,,dry-,,po9ts1 ,,& ,,( ,,mo/ ,,( ,,! ,,woodcuts ,,execut$ ,,f ,,8 ,,designs4 7,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on4 ,novemb] #ae1 #ahhh-;,janu>y #ae1 #ahhi47 ,by ,sylve/] ,r4 ,koehl]4 ,bo/on3 ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts4 #ahhh4 ,,*ronological ,,catalogue ,,( ,,! ,,engrav+s1 ,,dry-,,po9ts ,,& ,,et*+s ,,( ,,alb]t ,d,,r]1 ,,z ,,exhibit$ ,,at ,,! ,,groli] ,,club4 ,by ,sylve/] ,r4 ,koehl]4 #i reproductions on #g plates4 ,new ,york3 ,! ,groli] ,club4 #ahig4 ,d,,r]2 ,,des ,,mei/]s ,,gem,,lde1 ,,kupf]/i*e ,,und ,,holzs*nitte4 ,edit$ by ,val5t9 ,s*]]4 #dgc reproductions4 ,/uttg>t & ,leipzig3 ,deuts*e ,v]lags-,an/alt4 7,klassik] d] ,kun/4 ,vol4 #d47 ,,alb]t ,d,,r]2 ,,8 ,,life ,,& ,,works4 ,by ,william ,b4 ,scott4 ,illu/rat$4 ,london3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 #ahfi4 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]2 ,,kupf]/i*e ,,9 ,,getreu5 ,,na*bildung54 ,edit$ by ,j>o ,spr+]4 #gj plates4 ,muni*3 ,holbe9-,v]lag4 #aiad4 ,,alb]t ,d,,r]2 ,,8 ,,life ,,& ,,works4 ,by ,moritz ,?aus+4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,edit$ by ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,eaton4 #b volumes4 #eh illu/rations4 ,london3 ,john ,murray4 #ahhb4 ,d,,r] ,,society4 ,,portfolios ,,) ,,introductory ,,notes ,,by ,,campbell ,,dodgson ,,& ,,o!rs4 ,s]ies #a-aj 7#ahih-aijh74 #caa reproductions4 ,index ( ,s]ies #a-aj4 ,london4 #ahih-aijh4 ----4 ,publication ,no4 #ab4 #bd reproductions4 ,london4 #aiaa4 ,,italian ,,engrav+3 ,,mantegna ,,to ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi ,&rea ,mantegna is1 bo? by 8 art & 8 influ5ce1 ! mo/ significant figure 9 e>ly ,italian engrav+4 ,8 me?od or viewpo9t is a det]m9+ feature 9 mu* ( ! be/ "w :i* 0 produc$ dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 until ! influ5ce ( ,raphael1 transmitt$ ?r\gh ,m>cantonio1 ) a te*nical mode bas$ ^u ! mann] ( ,albre*t ,dr]1 completely *ang$ ! curr5t ( ,italian engrav+1 s$uc+ x f :at might h develop$ into an orig9al creative art1 & condemn$ x to p]petual s]vitude z ! h&maid ( pa9t+4 ,&rea ,mantegna1 born 9 #adca1 at ,vic5za1 & consequ5tly ,pollaiuolo's s5ior by "o ye>1 0 adopt$1 at ! age ( t51 by ,squ>cione1 9 ,padua4 ,squ>cione appe>s to h be5 less a pa9t] ?an a contractor1 und]tak+ commissions to be execut$ by arti/s 9 8 employ4 ,he 0 likewise a deal] 9 antiquities1 & 9 8 %op ! "y ,mantegna mu/ h met _m ( ! lead+ humani/s :o _h made ,padua fam\s z a seat ( classical le>n+4 ,f !m he drew 9 & absorb$ t passion = imp]ial ,rome :i* 0 to color 8 life & 8 art4 ,8 dream 0 ( =ms m beautiful ?an ^? ( ev]yday life1 built ( "s sub/ance f9] & less p]i%able ?an ! fle% ( frail humanity2 & z ye>s w5t by 8 "w takes on1 9 increas+ measure1 a gr&] & m maje/ic aspect4 ,=tunate = u is x t 9 8 mature p]iod1 :5 8 /yle 0 fully =m$1 he himself 0 impell$1 by influ5ces ( :i* lat] we %all speak1 to take up ! grav+ tool & ) x produce ! sev5 imp]i%able ma/]pieces :i*1 beyond p]adv5ture1 we may claim z 8 au!ntic "w4 ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ! e>lie/ ( 8 engrav+s1 c h>dly h be5 execut$ be=e #adge1 & maybe n until aft] #adhj1 :5 ,mantegna _h rea*$ 8 fiftie? ye>4 ,mr4 ,h9d po9ts out t !re is a simplicity & directness ab\t x :i* recalls q e>ly "w1 simil>ly conceiv$1 su* z ! ,adoration ( ! ,k+s ( #aded2 b ! reasons :i* he advances are ( equal weight 9 assign+ x to a lat] date1 & ,i am conv9c$ t ! int5sity ( "m-love express$ 9 ! poise & face ( ! ,virg9 betok5s a deep] feel+1 a broad] humanity1 ?an "o normally w\ld expect 9 a y\? ( tw5ty-?ree1 ev5 ?\gh he be illum9$ ) t flame ( g5ius :i* burn$ s brightly 9 ,mantegna4 ,illu/ration3 ,,&rea ,,mantegna4 ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #i #h in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,&rea ,,mantegna4 ,,battle ,,( ,,! ,,sea-,,gods ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #ag in*es4 ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,te*nically1 ! plate pla9ly %[s ! h& ( an engrav] n yet ma/] ( 8 m$ium4 ,x is m>k$ ) all ! *>act]i/ics :i* we associate ) ,mantegna's "w3 ! /rong outl9e1 pl\gh$ ) repeat$ /rokes ( a r blunt in/rum5t into a plate ( unbeat5 copp] or "s yet s(t] metal2 ! diagonal %ade l9es widely spac$2 & ! light /rokes bl5d+ all into a h>moni\s :ole4 ,9 an impression ( ! fir/ /ate1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 !re is a tone1 simil> to sulphur-t9t1 ov] portions ( ! plate1 noticeably 9 ! faces ( ! "m & *ild4 ,h[ x 0 produc$ is /ill a matt] ( conjecture1 b t x adds mu* to ! beauty ( ! pr9t is beyond "q4 ,! ,bac*analian ,gr\p ) ,sil5us & ! ,bac*analian ,gr\p ) a ,w9e-,press 7:i*1 l ! ,battle ( ! ,sea-,gods1 may be jo9$ toge!r s z to =m "o long1 horizontal composition7 %[ great] skill on ! "p ( ! engrav]4 ,mantegna's increas+ passion = ! antique is reflect$ 9 ! /&+ figure to ! left1 :o ) 8 left h& rea*es up t[>ds ! wrea? ) :i* he is ab\t to be cr[n$1 :ile re/+ 8 "r h& ^u a horn ( pl5ty4 ,?is figure is obvi\sly inspir$ by ! ,apollo ,belv$]e1 :ile ! /&+ faun1 at ! extreme "r1 fill$ ) ! %e] delight ( m]e animal exi/5ce1 is a delightful creation 9 ,mantegna's happie/ mood4 ,! two plates ( ! ,battle ( ! ,sea-,gods may be assign$1 on te*nical gr\nds1 to ab\t ! same p]iod z ! two ,bac*anals4 ,! draw+ :i* ,dur] made ( ! "r-h& portion1 z also ( ! ,bac*analian ,gr\p ) ,sil5us1 bo? dat$ #adid1 conclusively prove t ^! engrav+s ant$ate ! completion ( ! ,triumph ( ,cs>4 ,?\gh ,mantegna borr[$ 8 mat]ial f ! antique1 he has s %ap$ x to 8 ends1 s /amp$ ^u x ! impress ( 8 own p]sonality1 z to make ( x n an e*o ( classic art1 b an orig9al creation ( compell+ =ce & *>m4 8,^! are n ! mighty gods ( ,olympus b ! inf]ior deities ( ,nature1 ( ! ,e>? & ! ,sea1 :o ackn[l$ge none ( ! high] obligations & :o display un*eck$ _! wanton elem5tal nature1 giv+ a loose re9 to all ! exub]ance ( _! joy 9 liv+4444 ,^! creatures ( ! sea frolic ab\t 9 ! wat]1 turbul5t & wanton z ! waves4444 ,! combat ) ^? h>mless-look+ weapons is probably n meant to be 9 e>ne/2 a v5t = _! sup]flu\s en]gy is all !y seek40#i #i ,&rea ,mantegna4 ,by ,paul ,kri/ell]4 ,london2 ,longman's ,gre5 ,co4 #aija4 p4 #cie4 ,to a some:at lat] p]iod belongs ! ,entombm5t4 ,!re is no?+ ( ! meek _s ( ! ,r$eem] 9 ?is passionate plate4 ,! h>d1 lapid>y l&scape is 9 accord ) ! figures1 :i* might1 n unfitt+ly1 f9d a place ^u "s triumphal ar*4 ,?ree crosses cr[n ! di/ant hill4 ,at ! "r /&s ,/4 ,john1 a magnific5t figure1 giv+ utt]ance to 8 unspeakable grief1 :ile ! ,virg91 s9k+ 9 a swoon1 is support$ by "o ( ! holy wom54 ,"h is none ( t t5d]ness :i* we associate ) ! div9e trag$y1 none ( t grace & beauty :i* inh]es 9 ! "w ( _m ( ! ,italian pa9t]s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,all is />k & h>%4 ,x is n food = babes1 b x is sup]b4 ,! ,ris5 ,*ri/ ,betwe5 ,sa9ts ,&rew & ,long9us is ,mantegna's la/ engrav+4 ,*ri/ t[]s above ! two subsidi>y figures1 ) a =m & be>+ :i* w\ld bett] befit a ,roman ,emp]or return+ 9 triumph4 ,9 ?is plate1 above all o!rs1 ,mantegna's te*nique %9es =? z n only adequate1 b z beyond "q ! be/--p]haps ! only "o--to convey 8 message4 ,translat$ into ano!r mode1 "o feels t x w\ld lose mu* ( its appeal4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! engrav+ 0 made z a project = a gr\p ( /atu>y--p]haps = ! high alt> ( ,s4 ,&rea1 9 ,mantua1 rais$ above ! mo/ preci\s relic possess$ by ! city1 ! ,blood ( ,*ri/1 br\ght to ,mantua by ,long9us--a supposition borne out by ! /atuesque impressiv5ess ( ! gr\p & by ! fact t ,*ri/ gazes d[nw>ds1 z ?\gh f a height4 ,al?\gh #adhj is ! e>lie/ date to :i* we c assign ! fir/ ( ,mantegna's orig9al engrav+s1 !re 7 9 exi/5ce1 at lea/ five ye>s be=e t "t1 engrav+s by o!r h&s aft] designs by ! ma/]1 & x may h be5 ei!r to protect himself f unau?oriz$ & fraudul5t copyi/s1 or z an arti/ic prote/ aga9/ ! incapacity ( 8 translators1 t ,mantegna 0 compell$ to take up ! grav]4 ,!re has come d[n to u a lett]1 dat$ ,septemb] #ae1 #adge1 address$ by ,simone di ,ardizone1 ( ,reggio1 to ! ,m>quis ,lodovico1 ( ,mantua1 compla9+ to ! pr9ce ( ,mantegna's behavior t[>ds him4 ,8 /ory 0 t 8,mantegna1 ^u 8 arrival 9 ,mantua1 made him spl5did (f]s1 & treat$ him ) great fri5dl9ess4 ,actuat$ by feel+s ( compassion1 h[ev]1 t[>ds 8 old fri5d1 ,zoan ,&rea1 a pa9t] 9 ,mantua1 f :om pr9ts 7/ampe71 draw+s1 & m$als _h be5 /ol51 & wi%+ to help 9 ! re/oration ( ! plates1 he _h work$ ) 8 fri5d = f\r mon?s4 ,z soon z ?is came to ,mantegna's k he proce$$ to ?reats1 & "o ev5+ ,ardizone & ,zoan ,&rea _h be5 assault$ by t5 or m arm$ m5 & left = dead 9 ! squ>e40 ,illu/ration3 ,,&rea ,,mantegna4 ,,! ,,ris5 ,,*ri/ ,,betwe5 ,,sa9ts ,,&rew ,,& ,,long9us ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ae #ab in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,s*ool ,,( ,,&rea ,,mantegna4 ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,magi ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ae #aj in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,! lett] is 8pro( t1 9 ,mantua1 9 ! ye> #adge1 two pr(essional engrav]s1 "o ( :om cle>ly designates himself z su*1 7 at "w4444 ,x is cle> t ,mantegna _h a v special int]e/ 9 ! engrav+s & draw+s :i* _h be5 /ol5 f ,zoan ,&rea1 & :i* ,ardizone1 #8out ( compassion1' help$ to re/ore1 s9ce he s\ght by =ce to imp$e ! engrav]'s "w4 ,8 ang] c also be expla9$ by ! supposition t ,zoan ,&rea's engrav+s 7 facsimiles ( 8 own draw+s :i* ! =m] _h succe$$ 9 obta9+ possession ( & _h us$ z designs = 8 engrav+s2 & t be+ unable to w9 ,ardizone's assi/ance 9 8 "w ,mantegna ?\ght himself oblig$ to prote/1 by viol5t means1 aga9/ ?is infr+em5t ( 8 arti/ic rights40#aj #aj ,&rea ,mantegna ,by ,paul ,kri/ell]4 ,london4 #aija4 pp4 #cha-chd4 ,x is probable t to ?is dra/ic & effectual me?od ( protect+ aga9/ piracy 8 own arti/ic prop]ty we owe ! two r5d]+s1 bo? incomplete1 ( ! ,triumph ( ,cs>4 ,"o may well be ! s]ies ^u :i* ,zoan ,&rea & ,ardizone 7 work+ :5 ,mantegna br\ght _! labors to an untimely close2 :]eas ! second s]ies1 al?\gh au?oriz$ by ,mantegna himself1 may h seem$ to him1 n )\t j cause1 s to mis9t]pret 8 orig9al draw+s z to impel him to ab&on ! project &1 9 future1 engrave 8 own designs4 ,! ,triumph s]ies naturally rema9$ incomplete1 s9ce1 l e great arti/1 ,mantegna w\ld h>dly feel dispos$ to repeat1 9 ano!r m$ium1 a subject :i* he _h already treat$4 ,( ! ,triumph plates1 ! ,elephants approximates mo/ closely ,mantegna's und\bt$ "w2 b ! draw+ lacks di/9ction1 & !re is a feel+ ( 8tightness0 ?r\gh\t ! :ole plate1 :i* makes x impossible to attribute ! engrav+ to ,mantegna's own h&4 ,! plate :i* imm$iately foll[s--,soldi]s ,c>ry+ ,trophies--0 left unf9i%$4 ,! subject is repeat$ 9 ! rev]se s5se & ) ! addition ( a pila/] to ! "r4 ,?is pila/] is probably ,mantegna's orig9al design = ! upright memb]s divid+ ! n9e portions ( ! pa9t$ ,triumphs1 s9ce ! procession is suppos$ to pass ^u ! fur!r side ( a r[ ( columns1 ! figures & animals be+ s arrang$ z to ext5d ov] "o picture to ! next1 ) a suffici5t space betwe5 !m = ! introduction ( ! pila/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,zoan ,,&rea 7874 ,,f\r ,,wom5 ,,danc+ ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #h #ac in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,giovanni ,,antonio ,,da ,,brescia4 ,,holy ,,family ,,) ,,sa9ts ,,elizabe? ,,& ,,john ,size ( orig9al engrav+1 #aa #aj in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 :i* = "s reason likewise rema9$ unf9i%$1 is tak5 directly f ! c5tral portion ( ! tripty* 9 ! ,uffizi4 ,! engrav+1 aside f its intr9sic beauty1 is ( especial int]e/ z af=d+ an example ( ! me?od adopt$ by ,mantegna & 8 ,s*ool4 ,! /ructural l9es are deeply incis$1 9 _m cases by repeat$ /rokes ( ! grav]4 ,! diagonal %ad+ is !n add$ & ! plate c>ri$ =w>d & complet$1 bit by bit4 ,?is engrav+1 at "o "t acc\nt$ an orig9al "w by ! ma/] himself1 has receiv$ ( rec5t ye>s m ?an its m]it$ %>e ( h>% criticism4 ,x obvi\sly falls f> %ort1 9 beauty1 ( ,mantegna's pa9t+2 b1 = all t1 x pres]ves _m ( ! ess5tial qualities ( its imm$iate orig9al1 & "o _c b admire ! mann] 9 :i* an engrav]1 c]ta9ly n ( ! fir/ rank1 has captur$ ! _s ( humility & adoration1 eloqu5t 9 e l9e ( ! k+ at ! left1 humbly b5d+ to receive ! b5$iction ( ! ,*ri/ ,*ild4 ,by an engrav] ( ! ,mantegna ,s*ool1 p]haps ,,zoan ,,&rea1 work+ 9 ,mantegna's mann] & aft] 8 design = ! ,p>nassus 9 ! ,l\vre1 is ,f\r ,wom5 ,danc+--"o ( ! mo/ *>m+ & graceful pr9ts ( ! p]iod4 ,x diff]s 9 _m p>ticul>s f ! pa9t+ 7assign$ to ! ye> #adig7 & almo/ c]ta9ly translates ,mantegna's draw+1 r ?an ! pa9t+ itself4 ,to ,,giovanni ,,antonio ,,da ,,brescia1 ( ^: life1 ap>t f :at we may le>n f a /udy ( 8 "w1 we "k sub/antially no?+1 may be attribut$ ! ,holy ,family ) ,sa9ts ,elizabe? & ,john1 bas$ ^u a design by ,mantegna1 ( ab\t #aejj1 & probably engrav$ at a date prior to ,mantegna's dea?1 ,septemb] #ac1 #aejf4 ,at a lat] p]iod1 ,giovanni came "u ! influ5ce ( ,m>cantonio ,raimondi1 ^: /yle he imp]fectly assimilat$4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum !re is a unique impression ( a ,pr(ile ,bu/ ( a ,"y ,woman1 :i* has be5 ascrib$1 ) "s %[ ( reason1 to ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci4 ,its intr9sic beauty might l5d "s color to ?is attribution1 7 x n t1 ev5 9 its re-work$ condition1 ! texture & fl[ ( ! "y woman's abundant tresses1 ! treatm5t ( ! fl[+ ribbons1 & ! delicate %ad+ 9 ! face & ^u ! g>m5t1 betray ! h& ( ! tra9$ engrav]4 ,,nicoletto ,,rosex ,,da ,,mod5a 0 work+ f ab\t #adij to #aeae4 ,he engrav$ almo/ a hundr$ plates1 ! majority ( !m be+ presumably f 8 own designs1 ?\gh 9 ! ,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds ! influ5ce ( ,s*ongau] is m>k$ly app>5t1 & 9 ,=tune & ,/4 ,seba/ian ! inspiration ( ,mantegna is cle>ly to be se54 ,illu/ration3 ,,s*ool ,,( ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci4 ,,pr(ile ,,bu/ ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,woman ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #d #c in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,nicoletto ,,rosex ,,da ,,mod5a4 ,,orpheus ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #i #f in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,! gr\p ( trees 9 ! ,fate ( ! ,evil ,tongue is borr[$ f ,dr]'s pr9t ( ,h]cules1 :ile ! ,turki% ,family & ! ,f\r ,nak$ ,wom5--! la/-nam$ be+ dat$ #aejj--;are copies ( ,dr]'s engrav+s4 ,v$riani1 writ+ ( ,nicoletto z a pa9t]1 speaks ( him z 8*iefly di/+ui%$ 9 p]spective10 & among ! mo/ *>m+ ( 8 plates 9 :i* ?is quality is se5 is ,orpheus4 ,! b>e tree is sugge/ive ( ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]1 :ile ! birds & bea/s1 includ+ a dog1 a peacock1 a weasel1 a monkey play+ ) a tortoise1 a squirrel1 a snake1 a pip+ bird1 two rabbits1 a fox1 & a /ag1 n to speak ( ! ducks & swans 9 ! wat]1 ?\gh n copi$ f nor!rn orig9als1 h all ! *>m & life-l quality :i* we f9d 9 ! "w ( ,g]man engrav]s su* z ,! ,ma/] ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,! ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ( #adff4 ,conc]n+ ,,jacopo ,,de' ,,b>b>i !re is a weal? ( biographical mat]ial1 9 contra/ ) ! meag]ness ( our k conc]n+ ! e>li] ,italian engrav]s4 ,born at ,v5ice1 betwe5 #addj & #adej1 he is kn[n to h work$ betwe5 #aejj & #aejh = ! ,emp]or & v>i\s o!r pr9ces 9 diff]5t t[ns ( ,g]many4 ,he 0 at ,nuremb]g 9 #aeje1 & 9 #aeaj he 0 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,ar*du*ess ,m>g>et1 ,reg5t ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 :ile1 9 ! inv5tory ( ! ,reg5t's pictures ( #aeae-aeaf1 he is ref]r$ to z dead4 ,n "o ( ! ?irty engrav+s by ,jacopo is sign$ ) 8 "n1 initials1 or any =m ( monogram1 nor does any ( !m be> a date4 ,8 emblem is ! caduceus1 :i* appe>s on ! great] numb] ( 8 pr9ts2 & ^? ^u :i* x is lack+ c readily be id5tifi$ by 8 individual /yle4 ,?is /yle und]goes c]ta9 modifications ) ! pass+ ye>s4 ,9 ! e>ly p]iod1 ! %ad+1 = ! mo/ "p1 is 9 p>allel l9es1 :i* foll[ ! cont\r ( ! figure1 ! figure itself be+ long & s9u\s4 ,9 8 middle & lat] p]iod he indulg$ m freely 9 cross-hat*+1 & ! faces are modell$ ) great] delicacy4 ,/ress has be5 laid ^u ! influ5ce ex]t$ by ,jacopo ^u ,dr]'s engrav+2 b ) ! exception ( ! ,apollo & ,diana ?is influ5ce is !oretical r ?an arti/ic4 ,dr]1 9 "o ( ! manuscript sket*es1 dat$ #aebc1 = 8 book ,! ,!ory ( ,human ,proportions1 writes3 8,h[beit1 ,i c f9d none su* :o ha? writt5 aught ab\t h[ to =m a canon ( human proportion1 save "o man--,jacopo by "n1 born at ,v5ice1 & a *>m+ pa9t]4 ,he %[$ me ! figures ( a man & a woman1 :i* he _h drawn accord+ to a canon ( proportions1 s t1 at t "t1 ,i w\ld r h se5 :at he meant ?an be %[n a new k+dom4444 ,!n1 h[ev]1 ,i 0 /ill "y & _h n he>d ( su* ?+s be=e4 ,h[beit1 ,i 0 v fond ( art1 s ,i set myself to discov] h[ su* a canon might be wr\ght out40 ,dr] und\bt$ly ref]s to ! p]iod ( 8 fir/ visit to ,v5ice1 & x is1 accord+ly1 9 ,dr]'s e>lie/ plates t we see mo/ cle>ly ! influ5ce ( ! old] ma/] on 8 te*nical me?od4 ,dr] soon out/ripp$ ,jacopo 9 ev]y?+ t p]ta9s to ! te*nical side ( engrav+ & work$ out = himself a me?od :i*1 = 8 purpose1 0 sub/antially p]fect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacopo ,,de' ,,b>b>i4 ,,apollo ,,& ,,diana ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #e #c in*es4 ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,jacopo ,,de' ,,b>b>i4 ,,/4 ,,ca!r9e ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #d in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,9 su* plates z ,judi? & ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ,jacopo's love = long1 fl[+ l9es f9ds its fulle/ expression4 ,!re is a grace ab\t ^! s+le figures :i* is n )\t appeal+ *>m1 ?\gh obvi\sly !y leave some?+ to be desir$ on ! score ( solidity & /ructure4 ,,girolamo ,,mocetto1 born 9 ,murano be=e #adeh1 0 liv+ at ,v5ice 9 #aead1 :]e he di$ aft] #aeca4 ,accord+ to ,vas>i1 ,mocetto 01 at "s "t1 an assi/ant to ,giovanni ,bell9i1 ^: influ5ce may be trac$ 9 8 "w4 ,8 engrav+s are unpleas+ 9 /yle & (t5 clumsy 9 draughtsman%ip4 ,he owes su* m]it z he may possess to ! orig9als :i* he int]pret$4 ,!re is a compell+ p[] 9 ,judi?1 aft] ,mantegna's design1 :i* atones = ev5 s %apeless a memb] z ,judi?'s "r h&4 ,! gr&eur ( ! plate is1 h[ev]1 d]iv$ f ,mantegna4 ,mocetto has done little m ?an traduce x2 b1 ev5 s1 ! engrav+ is notewor?y1 inasmu* z x pres]ves = u a noble composition1 ( :i* o!rwise we might rema9 9 ignorance4 ,! ,baptism ( ,*ri/ is adapt$1 ) "s modifications1 f ,giovanni ,bell9i's pa9t+ execut$ betwe5 #aejj & #aeaj4 ,9 ! engrav+1 ! l&scape1 :i* diff]s radically f t 9 ,bell9i's pa9t+1 may possibly be orig9al ) ,mocetto1 ?\gh x recalls ! "w ( ,cima1 ^: ,baptism1 9 ,s4 ,giovanni 9 ,bragora1 ,v5ice1 0 pa9t$ 9 #adid4 ,,b5$etto ,,montagna 01 l ,mocetto1 pa9t] z well z engrav]4 ,8 e>lie/ engrav+s are execut$ 9 a l>ge1 op5 mann]1 :i* c be se5 to advantage 9 ! ,sacrifice ( ,abraham4 ,! outl9e is /rongly def9$ & ! %ad+ *iefly 9 p>allel l9es4 ,:]e cross-hat*+ is us$1 x is laid g5]ally at "r angles4 ,lat]1 ,montagna modifies 8 /yle & adopts ! f9] sy/em ( cross-hat*+ p]fect$ by ,dr]1 ^: influ5ce1 especially 9 ! backgr\nds1 is cle>ly to be trac$1 & ^: ,nativity1 ( ! ye> #aejd1 ,montagna copi$ 9 rev]se4 ,/4 ,j]ome ,b5ea? an ,ar* ( ,rock belongs to ?is lat] p]iod1 & ! plate is probably bas$ ^u a pa9t+ by ,b>tolommeo ,montagna1 ! engrav]'s fa!r4 ,,giulio ,,campagnola1 born at ,padua ab\t #adhb1 is kn[n to h be5 work+ 9 ,v5ice 9 #aejg & is assum$ to h di$ %ortly aft] #aead4 ,accord+ to contempor>y acc\nts1 he 0 a y\? ( m>vell\sly precoci\s & v>i$ gifts & promise4 ,to 8 musical & lit]>y accompli%m5ts1 he add$ ^? ( pa9t]1 m9iaturi/1 engrav]1 & sculptor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,giulio ,,campagnola4 ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,! ,,woman ,,( ,,sam>ia ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #e #g in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,giulio ,,campagnola4 ,,ganym$e 7,fir/ ,/ate7 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #d in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,8 engrav+s betray m>k$ly ! influ5ce ( ,giorgione1 & 8 mann] ( engrav+ may h be5 an attempt to imitate ! ri* s(tness ( t ma/]'s pa9t+4 ,he work$ out & p]fect$ a te*nical sy/em all 8 own4 ,9 8 e>lie/ mann] he works 9 pure l9e1 z 9 8 copies ( ,dr]'s engrav+s & 9 su* plates z ! ,old ,%eph]d & ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,9 ! ,"y ,%eph]d1 ! ,a/rolog]1 & ,*ri/ & ! ,woman ( ,sam>ia1 ! composition is fir/ engrav$ 9 simple1 op5 l9es1 ) little cross-hat*+4 ,! plate is !n c>ri$ =w>d & complet$ by a sy/em ( delicate flicks1 s dispos$ z to produce a h>moni\s result1 oblit]at+ sub/antially all trace ( ! prelim9>y l9e "w4 ,9 ! ?ird gr\p1 to :i* two pr9ts belong--,nak$ ,woman ,recl9+ & ,! ,/ag--no l9es at all are us$1 & ! plate is c>ri$ out1 f fir/ to la/1 9 flick "w4 ,only "o ( ,campagnola's plates is dat$--! ,a/rolog]1 ( #aeji4 ,9 ?is he %[s himself ripe1 bo? z arti/ & z craftsman4 ,to an e>li] p]iod w\ld seem to belong ! ,ganym$e1 9 :i* ! l&scape is a fai?ful copy ( ,dr]'s engrav+ ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild ) a ,monkey4 ,! place :i*1 9 ! orig9al engrav+1 0 occupi$ by ! ,virg91 is n[ fill$ by a clump ( trees4 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ is1 all ?+s consid]$1 ,campagnola's ma/]piece4 ,! figure is unque/ionably bas$ ^u a draw+ by ,mantegna1 & has all ! l>g5ess & gr&eur ( /yle :i* *>act]izes ! "w ( t ma/]4 ,! l&scape backgr\nd may be orig9al ) ! engrav] b x cle>ly %[s ! influ5ce ( ,giorgione4 ,9 ?is sup]b plate ,campagnola's me?od ( comb9+ l9e "w ) delicate flick "w c be /udi$ at its be/4 ,! ,"y ,%eph]d1 kn[n 9 two /ates--! fir/ 9 pure l9e1 ! second complet$ ) flick "w--is z *>m+ & graceful z ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ is monum5tal4 ,x ju/ly des]ves ! reputation & popul>ity :i* x enjoys among pr9t lov]s4 ,*ri/ & ! ,woman ( ,sam>ia is treat$ 9 a m op5 mann] ?an ei!r ( ! two prec$+ engrav+s4 ,! beautiful l&scape1 z also ! hill to ! left1 is entirely 9 l9e1 :ile ! flick "w ^u ! figures & g>m5ts &1 ev5 m noticeably1 9 ! =egr\nd to ! "r1 is ( a m op5 "* ?an t :i* appe>s 9 ! ,"y ,%eph]d4 ,x may belong to ! latt] "p ( ,campagnola's c>e] z an engrav]4 ,!re is an amplitude 9 ! design ( ! seat$ woman :i* sugge/s ,giorgione & ,palma1 ?\gh "o _c def9itely "n any pa9t+ by ei!r ( ^! ma/]s f :i* ,campagnola has borr[$ 8 figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,giulio ,,campagnola4 ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ac #i in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,giulio ,,& ,,dom5ico ,,campagnola4 ,,%eph]ds ,,9 ,a ,,l&scape ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #e #aj in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,! la/ ( ,campagnola's plates1 left unf9i%$ at 8 dea? & complet$ by ,,dom5ico ,,campagnola1 is ,%eph]ds 9 a ,l&scape or1 z x is sometimes call$1 ! ,musical ,%eph]ds4 ,! orig9al draw+1 9 rev]se1 = ! "r-h& half ( ?is pr9t is 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,x is unque/ionably by ,giulio ,campagnola2 b1 equally )\t "q1 ! left-h& portion ( ! engrav+ itself is by ,dom5ico4 ,:e!r ,dom5ico 0 a close relative or m]ely a pupil ( ,giulio's has n be5 det]m9$2 b ! ,%eph]ds 9 a ,l&scape conclusively proves t he 0 at lea/ ! arti/ic heir ( ! old] ma/]4 ,dom5ico's /yle is 9 m>k$ contra/ to t ( ,giulio4 ,flick "w is almo/ abs5t f 8 engrav+s1 :i* are execut$ 9 r op5 l9es1 m 9 ! mode ( an et*] ?an ( an engrav] work+ accord+ to e/abli%$ tradition4 ,! skies1 9 p>ticul>1 h a romantic quality :i* is all _! own1 & :i* c be se5 to advantage 9 ! ,%eph]d & ! ,old ,w>rior1 dat$ #aeag4 ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi1 born 9 ,bologna ab\t #adhj1 = ov] ?ree c5turies enjoy$ a reputation eclips+ t ( any o!r ,italian ma/]4 ,( rec5t ye>s1 h[ev]1 ^u insuffici5t gr\nds1 he has be5 some:at pu%$ aside & belittl$ z a 8reproductive engrav]10 8 critics wilfully =gett+ ! fact t1 ) ! exception ( ,pollaiuolo & ,mantegna1 ! ,italian ,s*ool is1 9 ! ma91 d]ivative1 & _c boa/ ( any orig9al engrav]s ( _w-wide fame1 su* z ,s*ongau] or ,dr]4 ,b ,m>cantonio 0 f> f be+ a m]e translator ( ali5 works4 8,he is l "s great compos] :o borr[s ano!r's !me only to make x 8 own by ! orig9ality ( 8 sett+40#aa #aa ,m>cantonio ,raimondi4 ,by ,ar?ur ,m4 ,h9d4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #c1 ,no4 #c4 p4 #bgf4 ,! e>lie/ influ5ce :i* we may trace 9 ,m>cantonio's "w is t ( ! fam\s goldsmi? & pa9t]1 ,francesco ,francia1 ) :om ,m>cantonio s]v$ 8 appr5tice%ip4 ,c]ta9 nielli1 among !m ,pyramus & ,?isbe & ,arion on ! ,dolph91 h be5 assign$ to ! "y ,m>cantonio & attribut$ to ?is p]iod ( 8 life4 ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon is /rongly rem9isc5t ( ! niello te*nique1 ) its d>k %ad[s1 aga9/ :i* ! figures /& out 9 relief4 ,! l&scape is cle>ly borr[$ or adapt$ f engrav+s 9 ,dr]'s e>li] p]iod1 ! trees at ! left1 9 p>ticul>1 recall+ ! ,h]cules4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi4 ,,/4 ,,george ,,& ,,! ,,dragon ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #h in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi4 ,,ba!rs ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #i in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi4 ,,/4 ,,cecilia ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aj #f in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi4 ,,dea? ,,( ,,lucretia ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #h #e in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,to ?is e>ly p]iod likewise belongs ,pyramus & ,?isbe1 :i* be>s ! e>lie/ date--#aeje--:i* we f9d ^u any ( 8 engrav+s4 ,x may well h be5 execut$ dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ,v5ice1 betwe5 #aeje & #aeji4 ,! ,ba!rs1 ( #aeaj1 is an arti/ic record ( ,m>cantonio's visit to ,flor5ce1 on 8 way to ,rome4 ,! figures are tak5 f ,mi*elangelo's c>toon ( ! ,battle ( ,pisa2 b ! l&scape1 includ+ ! ?at*$ b>n to ! "r1 is a fai?ful copy1 9 rev]se1 ( ,lucas van ,leyd5's plate ( ,mahomet & ! ,monk ,s]gius2 = ,m>cantonio1 l all great arti/s1 freely borr[$ 8 mat]ial :]ev] he f\nd x1 %ap+ x to 8 own ends4 ,accord+ to ,vas>i1 x 0 ! ,dea? ( ,lucretia1 engrav$ %ortly aft] ,m>cantonio's arrival 9 ,rome1 ab\t #aeaj1 aft] a draw+ by ,raphael1 :i* attract$ ! att5tion ( t ma/] & %[$ him h[ mu* he might b5efit by ! reproduction ( 8 "w4 ,"o w\ld be incl9$ to ?9k t ! ,dea? ( ,dido r ?an ! ,dea? ( ,lucretia might h be5 ! means ( br++ ab\t ?is arti/ic collaboration2 =1 if ,vas>i is correct1 ! imm$iate result ( ,raphael's p]sonal influ5ce ^u ,m>cantonio 0 h>mful r ?an helpful1 ! ,lucretia by g5]al cons5t be+ ! f9] plate ( ! two4 ,x is significant t none ( ,m>cantonio's engrav+s int]prets any exi/+ pa9t+ by ,raphael4 ,we may inf] t ! engrav] work$ entirely aft] draw+s suppli$ to him by ,raphael--ei!r draw+s made = ! purpose ( be+ int]pret$ 9 t]ms ( engrav+1 or ! orig9al /udies = pa9t+s1 :i*1 9 _! elaboration1 7 subject$ to _m modifications & *anges4 ,among 8 mo/ int]e/+ engrav+s are ,sa9t ,cecilia1 :i* may be comp>$1 or r contra/$1 ) ! fam\s pa9t+ 9 ,bologna2 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild 9 ! ,cl\ds1 :i* lat] appe>s z ! ,madonna di ,foligno2 & ,poetry1 bas$ on a /udy by ,raphael = ! fresco 9 ! ,cam]a della ,segnatura1 9 ! ,vatican4 ,! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 usually acc\nt$ ! engrav]'s ma/]piece1 is "o ( sev]al subjects ( :i* two plates exi/4 ,au?orities disagree z to :i* is ! 8orig9al10 b "s famili>ity ) bo? v]sions leads "o to ?9k t ,m>cantonio may well h be5 8 own int]pret]4 ,at lea/ "o _c "n c]ta9ly any o!r engrav] capable ( produc+ ei!r ( ! two v]sions ( ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 9 po9t ( draw+ or ( te*nique4 ,among ,m>cantonio's portrait plates "o ( ! mo/ attractive is t ( ,philo!o ,a*ill9i 78,! ,guit> ,play]071 :i* is 9 8 e>ly mann] & probably dates f 8 ,bolognese p]iod4 ,x may be bas$ ^u a draw+ by ,francia1 b ! trees & di/ant l&scape all %[ m>k$ly ! influ5ce ( ,dr]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi4 ,,philo!o ,,a*ill9i 78,! ,guit> ,play]07 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #e in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi4 ,,pietro ,,aret9o ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #g #e in*es ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,to a mu* lat] p]iod1 & engrav$ 9 ,m>cantonio's mo/ mature mann]1 belongs ! portrait ( ,pietro ,aret9o4 ,vas>i ref]s to ?is plate z 8engrav$ f life10 b its ri*ness & color w\ld seem to po9t to an orig9al by ,titian or ,seba/iano del ,piombo4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,raphael1 9 #aebj1 ,m>cantonio's engrav+ und]goes a *ange--a *ange = ! worse1 z might be expect$1 s9ce a numb] ( 8 plates are int]pretations ( designs by ,giulio ,romano4 ,!re is less c>e 9 ! draw+1 less delicacy 9 ! managem5t ( ! bur91 &1 al?\gh we may pity him = ! loss ( all t he possess$ at ! sack ( ,rome1 9 #aebg1 we _c greatly regret t1 z an engrav]1 ,m>cantonio's active life t]m9ates ) t date4 ,,italian ,,engrav+3 ,,mantegna ,,to ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi ,,bibliography ,,mantegna1 ,,&rea 7#adca-aejf7 ,d,,r] ,,& ,,mantegna4 ,by ,sidney ,colv94 #e illu/rations4 ,! ,portfolio1 ,vol4 #h1 pp4 #ed-fc4 ,london4 #ahgg4 ,,&rea ,,mantegna ,,& ,,! ,,italian ,,pre-,,raphaelite ,,engrav]s4 ,edit$ by ,ar?ur ,mayg] ,h9d4 #ge reproductions4 ,london & ,new ,york3 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,company1 n4 d4 7,great ,engrav]s47 ,,&rea ,,mantegna4 ,by ,paul ,kri/ell]4 #bf plates & #afb text illu/rations4 ,london3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 #aija4 ,*apt] ,,xi1 ,mantegna z ,engrav]4 ,,mantegna4 ,by ,h4 ,?ode4 #aje illu/rations4 ,bielefeld & ,leipzig3 ,velhag5 ,klas+4 #ahig4 7,kn/l] ,monographi54 #bg47 ,,b>b>i1 ,,jacopo ,,de' 7c4 #addj-;c4 #aeae7 ,,engrav+s ,,& ,,woodcuts ,,by ,,jacopo ,,de' ,,b>b>i4 ,edit$ by ,paul ,kri/ell]4 #cc reproductions & #b text illu/rations4 ,london4 #ahif4 7,int]national ,*alcographical ,society1 #ahif47 ,,lor5zo ,,lotto4 ,by ,b]nh>d ,b]5son4 #cj plates4 ,new ,york3 ,putnam's ,sons4 #ahie4 pp4 #cd-ej4 ,,campagnola1 ,,giulio 7c4 #adhb-;c4 #aead7 ,,giulio ,,campagnola2 ,,kupf]/i*e ,,und ,,zei*nung54 ,edit$ by ,paul ,kri/ell]4 #bg reproductions4 ,b]l93 ,bruno ,cassir]4 #aijg4 7,graphis*e ,gesells*aft4 ,publication #e47 ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi 7c4 #adhj-;c4 #aecj7 ,,m>c-,,anto9e ,,raimondi2 ,,tude ,,hi/orique ,,et ,,critique ,,suivie ,d',,un ,,catalogue ,,raisonn ,,des ,,oeuvres ,,du ,,maitre4 ,by ,h5ri ,delaborde4 #fc illu/rations4 ,p>is3 ,librairie de l'art4 #ahhh4 ,,m>cantonio ,,raimondi4 ,by ,ar?ur ,mayg] ,h9d4 #bb illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #c1 ,no4 #c1 pp4 #bdc-bgf4 ,bo/on4 #aiac4 ,,m>cantonio ,,& ,,italian ,,engrav]s ,,& ,,et*]s ,,( ,,! ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 ,edit$ by ,ar?ur ,mayg] ,h9d4 #fe reproductions4 ,london & ,new ,york3 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,company4 n4 d4 7,great ,engrav]s47 ,,"s ,,ma/]s ,,( ,,portraiture ,y w all rememb] h[ ,john ,evelyn1 writ+ to ,samuel ,pepys1 advis$ him to collect engrav$ portraits--s9ce1 9 8 own words1 8,"s are s well done to ! life1 t !y may /& comp>ison ) ! be/ pa9t+s40 ,he !n adds3 8,?is 7 a *eap]1 & s mu* a m useful1 curiosity1 z !y seldom are )\t _! names1 ages & eulogies ( ! p]sons ^: portraits !y repres5t4 ,i say y w be exce$+ly pleas$ to contemplate ! effigies ( ^? :o h made su* a noise & bu/le 9 ! _w2 ei!r by _! madness & folly2 or a m conspicu\s figure1 by _! wit & le>n+4 ,!y w greatly refre% y 9 y\r /udy & by y\r fireside1 :5 y are _m ye>s return$40 ,we "k by 8 8,di>y0 t ,pepys became an en?usia/ic collector & t he w5t ov] to ,p>is to buy _m ( ,rob]t ,nanteuil's engrav$ portraits--at a lat] date commission+ 8 wife to secure = him _m m1 :i* he /rongly desir$4 ,f ! "t ( ,evelyn & ,pepys 9 ,engl&1 & t pr9ce ( pr9t-collectors 9 ,france1 ! ,abb de ,m>olles--:o 9 #afff c\ld boa/ ( possess+ ov] #abc1jjj pr9ts1 8& all ! portraits extant0--portraits h _h1 = ! /ud5t1 a peculi> fasc9ation1 & x may be int]e/+ to consid] briefly ! "w ( "s six or eight ( ! ackn[l$g$ ma/]s ( ! art4 ,aside f two unimportant plates by ! ,ma/] ( ! ,am/]dam ,cab9et1 :i* may1 or may n1 be portraits1 ! e>lie/ engrav] to address himself to portraiture1 pure & simple1 is ! anonym\s ,g]man ma/] ) ! monogram ,w caduceus ,b4 ,s f> z we "k1 he execut$ f\r plates only 7c4 #adhj-adhe74 ,9 !m ! *>act]ization is /rong1 ! draw+ cle> & vigor\s4 ,! arti/'s te*nique may h ow$ some?+ to ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]1 b x is s+ul>ly lack+ 9 ! ref9em5t & balance :i* m>k ! "w ( t engrav]4 ,,daniel ,,hopf]1 :o1 9 #adic1 0 already work+ 9 ,augsburg1 has left u an et*+1 :i* c]ta9ly _c be lat] ?an #aejd1 & may h be5 execut$ five1 or ev5 t51 ye>s e>li]4 ,x is a portrait ( ,kunz von d] ,ros51 ! ,je/]-,advis] ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian ,i4 ,! et*+ is ^u iron1 & ! quality ( ! l9e is well adapt$ to ! rugg$ "* ( ! p]sonage4 ,?is plate 0 copi$1 9 rev]se1 ) "s modifications1 by an anonym\s ,nor? ,italian engrav] & reappe>s z ,gonsalvo ( ,cordova1 :o 0 9 ,italy1 9 comm& ( ! army ( ,f]d9& ,v ( ,ca/ile1 betwe5 #adid & #aejd1 :5 ,f]d9&'s jeal\sy caus$ him to be sup]s$$ 9 ! ,vice ,royalty ( ,naples4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,w caduceus ,b4 ,,head ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,woman ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #d #c in*es ,9 ! ,royal ,pr9t ,room1 ,b]l9 ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,alb]t ,,( ,,br&5burg ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #e #c in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,! e>lie/ 9 date ( ,d,,r]',s engrav$ portraits is likewise ! be/4 ,alb]t ( ,br&5burg 0 tw5ty-n9e ye>s ( age1 9 #aeai1 :5 ,dr] engrav$ ?is plate4 ,!re is a conc5tration ^u ! purely portrait elem5t lack+ 9 "s ( ! lat] pr9ts4 ,! bur9 "w is s+ul>ly delicate & beautiful4 ,inde$1 no?+ bett]1 f a te*nical /&po9t1 has ev] be5 done on copp] ?an ,dr]'s six portrait plates2 & if he at times succumbs to ! temptation ( r5d]+ ea* m9or detail ) ! same lov+ c>e :i* he be/[s ^u ! face itself1 he rema9s1 not)/&+1 "o ( ! greate/ ma/]s ( ! bur9 ! _w has se54 ,dr] engrav$ a second plate ( ,alb]t ( ,br&5burg1 9 #aebc4 ,! int]v5+ f\r ye>s _h left _! m>k ^u ! ,c>d9al1 & nei!r z a portrait nor z an engrav+ is x z pleas+ z ! e>li] "o4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 #aebd1 !re are two portraits--,fr$]ic ! ,wise1 ,elector ( ,saxony & ,wilibald ,pirkheim]4 ,! =m] 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ patrons ( ,dr] & likewise "o ( ! mo/ lib]al-m9d$ pr9ces ( 8 "t4 ,! plate is execut$ 9 ,dr]'s pa9/ak+ & c>eful mann]1 nor does x lack1 z a portrait1 ! directness & imm$iacy ( appeal ( ! silv]-po9t draw+1 :i* may h s]v$ z its orig9al4 ,wilibald ,pirkheim]1 ! celebrat$ patrician & humani/1 0 ,dr]'s life-long & mo/ intimate fri5d1 & x is to him t ,dr]'s lett]s f ,v5ice 7 address$4 ,philip ,melan*?on is ! simple/ 9 treatm5t & ! mo/ satisfy+1 9 its elim9ation ( unnecess>y detail1 ( ,dr]'s portrait engrav+s1 & is ! be/ lik5ess ( ! mild re=m]4 ,! inscription reads3 8,dr] c\ld depict ! features ( ! liv+ ,philip1 b ! skill$ h& c\ld n depict 8 m9d40 ,"h ,dr] does himself less ?an ju/ice1 = x is ! portrait-l "* :i* makes ?is engrav+ /ill notewor?y aft] ! lapse ( f\r c5turies4 ,to ! same ye>1 #aebf1 belongs ,erasmus ( ,rott]dam4 ,x is a te*nical ma/]piece4 ,dr] has lavi%$ all 8 skill ^u ?is plate4 ,x is magnific5t2 b f a purely portrait /&po9t1 x is a magnific5t failure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,philip ,,melan*?on ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #f #e in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony ,,van ,,dyck4 ,,portrait ,,( ,,himself 7,fir/ ,/ate7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #i #f in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,= a full hundr$ ye>s we h no portraits ( note2 !n !re ent]s ^u ! sc5e "o ( ! great pr9ces ( ! art--,,van ,,dyck--^: et*$ portraits vie ) ^? ( ,rembr&t 9 vitality1 & surpass !m 9 imm$iacy ( appeal4 ,van ,dyck _h n t deep humanity1 t pr(\nd read+ ( human "*1 :i* raises ,rembr&t above all rivals2 b ^u ! purely te*nical side1 work+ )9 ! true/ traditions ( et*+1 ) due reg>d to its possibilities & its limitations1 ,van ,dyck may claim prec$5ce4 ,8 fifte5 orig9al portrait et*+s 7toge!r ) ,erasmus ( ,rott]dam1 aft] ,holbe97 und\bt$ly belong to ! p]iod betwe5 8 return f ,italy to ,antw]p1 9 #afbf1 & 8 settlem5t 9 ,london1 9 #afcb4 ,f ! v fir/1 ,van ,dyck seems to h be5 9 possession ( all 8 p[]s4 ,8 et*+s %[ v>i\s modes ( treatm5t1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! sitt]1 & x w\ld be difficult to speak ( ! developm5t ( 8 art1 s9ce1 by ! grace ( ,god1 he seems to h be5 a born et*]4 ,van ,dyck's ,portrait ( ,himself naturally int]e/s u mo/1 on acc\nt ( its subject4 ,s f> z ,van ,dyck has se5 fit to c>ry x1 x is a p]fect "w ( art1 n ! lea/ rem>kable feature be+ ! spl5did plac+ ( ! head ^u ! plate4 ,un=tunately1 ! fir/ /ate is ( su* excessive r>ity t ! majority ( pr9t /ud5ts c "k ?is sup]b portrait only ?r\gh reproductions 79 :i* mu* ( its delicacy is necess>ily lo/7 or1 9 ! lat] /ate1 :]e ! plate is f9i%$ ) ! grav] by ,jacob ,neefs--a di/ress+ piece ( "w1 /rangely en\gh1 c\nt5anc$ by ,van ,dyck himself2 s9ce 9 ! ,briti% ,museum !re is a t\*$ c\nt]-pro( ( ! fir/ /ate1 :i* proves t ,van ,dyck direct$ ! elaboration ( ! plate1 no d\bt ) ! int5tion ( us+ x z a title page to ! ,iconography1 a s]ies ( a hundr$ engrav$ portraits ( 8 fri5ds & contempor>ies4 ,( ev5 subtl] beauty is ,snyd]s1 un=tunately--l ! portrait ( ,van ,dyck himself--( ! greate/ r>ity & also1 l t plate1 f9i%$ ) ! grav] by ,jacob ,neefs4 ,x is p]fectly satisfy+ f e po9t ( view1 comb9+1 z x does1 ! greate/ fre$om ) absolute c]ta9ty ( h&4 ,! treatm5t ( ! face %[s a ?or\gh k ( all ! te*nical res\rces ( ! art1 ! high lights hav+ be5 8/opp$ out0 exactly :]e ne$$1 ! et*$ dots & l9es melt+ into a p]fect h>mony4 ,9 m>k$ contra/ to ! delicacy ( ,snyd]s is ! bold] & m rugg$ treatm5t ( ,jan ,snell9x4 ,=tunately1 ! plate has rema9$1 until our own day1 9 ess5tially ! same condition z :5 x left ,van ,dyck's h&s1 & we c bett] realize :at an arti/ic treasure-h\se ! ,iconography might h be51 _h ! public possess$ ! intellig5ce to appreciate1 at _! true wor?1 ^! f9e fl[]+s ( ,van ,dyck's g5ius1 in/ead ( dem&+1 z !y did1 t a plate be absolutely 8f9i%$0 to ! f\r corn]s by ! pr(essional engrav]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony ,,van ,,dyck4 ,,frans ,,snyd]s 7,fir/ ,/ate7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #i #f in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony ,,van ,,dyck4 ,,lucas ,,vor/]man 7,fir/ ,/ate7 ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #i #f in*es ,9 ! ,collection ( ,*>les ,c4 ,walk]1 ,esq4 ,lucas ,vor/]man is1 9 "s ways1 ! mo/ purely pictorial ( ,van ,dyck's portrait et*+s4 ,ev5 ! ta/e ( ! "t dem&$ no fur!r elaboration ?an an engrav$ backgr\nd1 :i*1 judici\sly add$1 left undi/urb$ ,van ,dyck's orig9al "w4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k :e!r ,,rembr&t 0 acqua9t$ ) ! et*$ "w ( ,van ,dyck4 ,if s1 x is all ! m a/\nd+ t 8 "w %\ld betray no trace ( any outside influ5ce4 ,rembr&t's e>lie/ dat$ et*+ is also1 seem+ly1 8 fir/ et*+--a ,portrait ( ,8 ,"m1 ( ! ye> #afbh--;an unsurpass$ little ma/]piece4 ,9 its own mode ( simple1 direct1 op51 l9e> treatm5t1 !re is no?+ f9]1 ev5 9 ! "w ( ,rembr&t himself4 ,saskia ) ,pe>ls 9 ,h] ,hair1 ( #afcd1 z also ! ,"y ,man 9 a ,velvet ,cap ) ,books ,beside ,him1 :i* belongs to ! ye> #afcg1 are 9 ,rembr&t's be/ mann]1 b ! cr[n+ triumph ( ?is p]iod is unque/ionably ,rembr&t ,lean+ on a ,/one ,sill1 be>+ ! date #afci & %[+ ,rembr&t at ! happie/ p]iod ( 8 life--successful1 prosp]\s1 & p]fect ma/] ( 8 m$ium4 ,! portrait ( an ,old ,man 9 a ,divid$ ,fur ,cap1 ( ! foll[+ ye>1 is likewise admirable--n a l9e too mu* & e l9e full ( significance4 ,jan ,cornelis ,sylvius1 ( #afdf1 %[s 9 a m>k$ degree ,rembr&t's sympa?y )1 & appreciation ( ! beauty ( old age4 ,! face is treat$ 9 a delicate & s5sitive mann]1 &1 ) ! fewe/ possible /rokes1 ,rembr&t has indicat$ ! texture & gr[? ( ! sp>se be>d ( 8 ag$ sitt]4 ,sulphur-t9t has be5 us$ to give additional modell+ to ! face1 :ile ! backgr\nd & co/ume are f9i%$ 9 a way :i* w\ld h won ! admiration ( ,dr] himself4 ,ephraim ,bonus1 ,jan ,asselyn1 & ,jan ,six are ,rembr&t's ?ree portrait et*+s = ! ye> #afdg4 ,jan ,six is ,rembr&t's ma/]piece1 s f> z elaborate f9i% is conc]n$4 ,he has avail$ himself ( all ! res\rces ( et*+1 dry-po9t1 & ( ! bur9--us$ freely z an et*] may use x--to c>ry =w>d ?is plate4 ,! c5t] ( ! room is ba!d 9 subdu$ light1 :i* melts into ri* & my/]i\s %ad[s 9 ! corn]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,jan ,,cornelis ,,sylvius ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aj #g in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,rembr&t ,,lean+ ,,on ,a ,,/one ,,sill ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #f in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,clem5t ,,de ,,jonghe 7,fir/ ,/ate7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #f in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,jan ,,lutma 7,fir/ ,/ate7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #e in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,rembr&t ,draw+ at a ,w9d[ is "o ( ! mo/ *>act]ful ( 8 portraits4 ,x %[s him at ! age ( =ty-two4 ,ye>s ( sorr[ h left _! m>k ^u 8 c\nt5ance1 b :at a /rong1 resolute face x is6 ,clem5t de ,jonghe 7:i* %\ld be se5 9 ! fir/ /ate be=e ! expression ( ! face 0 entirely *ang$7 is execut$ 9 ,rembr&t's op51 l9e> mann]1 )\t /rong contra/s ( light & d>k4 ,= beauty ( draw+ & subtlety ( obs]vation1 x is "o ( 8 f9e/ plates4 ,old ,ha>+1 ( #afee1 is a magnific5t dry-po9t1 9 :i* ,rembr&t has built up1 ) _m l9es1 a completely h>moni\s picture2 b = grip ( "* & /raight=w>d pres5tation ( ! p]sonality ( 8 sitt]1 x mu/ yield prec$5ce to ! unsurpass$ ,jan ,lutma1 ( ! foll[+ ye>4 ,?is portrait1 9 ! fir/ /ate1 be=e ! introduction ( ! w9d[ 9 ! backgr\nd1 is "o ( ,rembr&t's mo/ mature works1 9 t ! me?od is p]fectly adapt$ to ! result desir$4 ,9 ,france !re is little ( significance 9 portrait engrav+ dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,,?omas ,,de ,,leu & ,l,,on>d ,,gaulti] bas$ _! /yle ^u ! m9iature portrait engrav]s ( ! ,nor!rn ,s*ool1 su* z ! ,,wi]ix4 ,al?\gh _! grav] "w is (t5 q beautiful1 x lacks orig9ality1 & :51 z frequ5tly happ5$1 !y endeavor$ to int]pret ! wond]ful draw+s ( ! ,cl\ets or ,dumon/i]1 !y signally fail$ 9 captur+ ! *>m ( _! orig9als4 ,,claude ,,mellan1 :o 0 born at ,abbeville 9 #aeih1 is1 9 a s5se1 ! f\nta9-head ( ,fr5* portrait engrav+4 ,8 "w is *>act]i/ically ,fr5*1 9 t x is ! result ( a sy/em c>efully work$ out to its logical conclusion4 ,9 8 desire to keep /rictly )9 ! limits ( :at he consid]$ to be ! prop] prov9ce ( engrav+1 he c>ri$ 8 insi/5ce ^u l9e to a po9t :i* bord]s on mann]ism & :i*1 = ov] two c5turies1 has militat$ aga9/ 8 full recognition4 ,mellan's e>lie/ engrav+s recall ! "w ( ,lon>d ,gaulti]1 b 8 fir/ tea*] is n kn[n4 ,dissatisfi$ ) 8 in/ruction 9 ,p>is1 9 #afbd he w5t to ,rome :]e1 :ile /udy+ engrav+ "u ,villam5a1 he came "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,fr5* pa9t]1 ,simon ,v\et1 :o n only provid$ 8 protg ) draw+s to engrave1 b p]suad$ him to base all 8 tra9+ ^u a ?or\gh gr\nd-"w ( draw+4 ,x is ?is sev]e tra9+ z a draughtsman :i* lies at ! f\ndation ( ,mellan's /yle4 ,8 orig9al draw+s 7 execut$ 9 p5cil1 silv]-po9t1 or *alk1 & 9 8 engrav+s he pres]ves all ! delicate & elusive *>m ( 8 orig9als4 ,illu/ration3 ,,claude ,,mellan4 ,,virg9ia ,,da ,,vezzo ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #d #c in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,claude ,,mellan4 ,,fabri ,,de ,,peiresc ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #h #e in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,8 mann] ( engrav+ is peculi> to himself4 ,! inv5tor ( a mode1 he s uses x z to exhau/ its possibilities & leaves no?+ = 8 successors to d along simil> l9es4 ,consequ5tly1 al?\gh 8 influ5ce on ,fr5* portrait engrav+ 0 great & f>-rea*+1 he _c1 9 any true s5se1 be consid]$ z ! f\nd] ( a 8s*ool40 ,ev5 9 8 e>ly portrait plates 7incid5tally1 among ! mo/ *>m+ & p]fect71 su* z ,virg9ia de ,vezzo1 ! wife ( ,simon ,v\et1 engrav$ 9 ,rome 9 #afbf1 we f9d 8 /yle fully develop$4 ,save = f\r little spots ( deepe/ %ad[1 ! entire portrait is execut$ 9 s+le1 uncross$ l9es1 indicat+1 by _! direction1 ! cont\r ( ! face1 :i* is delicately modell$1 :ile ! fl[ ( ! hair is reali/ically & beautifully express$4 ,f ?is simple1 l9e> me?od1 adopt$ ?us e>ly1 ,mellan1 ) few unimportant exceptions1 nev] dep>t$2 & al?\gh he liv$ & work$ until #afhh1 surviv+ ,mor9 by tw5ty-two ye>s & ,rob]t ,nanteuil by t51 he held to 8 own self-appo9t$ c\rse1 8 "w %[+ no trace :atev] ( ! influ5ce ( 8 two mo/ di/+ui%$ contempor>ies4 ,among 8 _m portraits *oice is difficult1 b1 by g5]al cons5t1 8 /yle is se5 at its v be/ 9 ,fabri de ,peiresc1 :i* excels 9 po9t ( draw+1 grip ( "*1 & /raight=w>dness ( pres5tation4 ,x is dat$ #afcg & 0 engrav$ on 8 way f ,rome to ,p>is1 9 :i* city he settl$1 enjoy+ = _m ye>s a reputation & success second to none4 ,( 8 o!r portraits m5tion mu/ be made ( ,h5riette-,m>ie de ,buade ,front5ac1 ( a delightful silv]y quality1 & ( h] husb&1 ,h5ri-,l\is ,hab]t de ,montmor1 ! ri*e/ ton$ ( all 8 works4 ,nicolas ,f\quet likewise is ( peculi> int]e/1 inasmu* z 9 ?is plate ,mellan has dep>t$ = once f 8 inv>iable me?od ( pure l9e "w & has modell$ ! face ) an elaborate sy/em ( dots1 9 ! mann] ( ,mor94 ,,jean ,,mor9 0 ,mellan's junior by two ye>s4 ,8 /yle is 9 ! greate/ contra/ to t ( ! old] ma/]1 n only te*nically1 b 9 t he 0 always a reproductive engrav]1 nev] design+ 8 own portraits1 ! majority ( 8 plates be+ aft] ! pa9t+s ( ,philippe de ,*ampaigne4 ,8 plates are execut$ almo/ entirely 9 pure et*+1 ) j suffici5t bur9 "w to give crispness & decision4 ,! heads are elaborately modell$1 ) _m m9ute dots1 recall+ some:at ,van ,dyck's mann] 9 su* a portrait z ,snyd]s4 ,anto9e ,vitr1 ! fam\s pr9t]1 %[s ,mor9's me?od at its ri*e/2 its brilliancy & color place x 9 ! =efront ( ,fr5* portraits1 ?\gh = *>m x may n rank ) ,anne ( ,au/ria or ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu1 bo? aft] pa9t+s by ,philippe de ,*ampaigne4 ,c>d9al ,guido ,b5tivoglio1 aft] ,van ,dyck1 well des]ves ! reputation :i* x has s long enjoy$4 ,x is1 fur!rmore1 significant z an example ( ,mor9's p[] ( conc5trat+ all ! att5tion ^u ! c\nt5ance ( 8 sitt]4 ,he 0 prim>ily a portrait engrav] & nev] all[$ himself to be s$uc$1 z 7 su* eighte5? c5tury ma/]s z ! ,drevets1 into lavi%+ 8 skill ^u ! purely ornam5tal accessories1 to ! detrim5t ( ! portrait itself4 ,f9e ?\gh ,van ,dyck's full-l5g? pa9t+ is1 ,mor9 is m ?an ju/ifi$ 9 tak+ f x ! head & bu/ only1 s9ce !reby he gives to 8 plate a vivid & compell+ quality :i* o!rwise w\ld be lack+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jean ,,mor94 ,,c>d9al ,,guido ,,b5tivoglio ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aa #i in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,nanteuil4 ,,pompone ,,de ,,belli,,vre ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ab #i in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,,rob]t ,,nanteuil is n only ! greate/ ( ,fr5* portrait engrav]s2 he is "o ( ! greate/ portraiti/s 9 ! hi/ory ( ,fr5* art4 ,9 8 "w ! cl>ity & logic ( ! ,fr5* temp]am5t is enri*$ by a /udy ( ! engrav]s ( ! ,flemi% & ,dut* s*ools1 ?\gh 9 ,nanteuil's plates color is nev] s\ght at ! exp5se ( balance4 ,8 te*nique is a fusion ( ! be/ elem5ts ( ,mellan & ( ,mor94 ,f ,mellan he d]iv$ 8 c>efully balanc$ sy/em ( op5 l9e "w1 :ile ,mor9 d\btless sugge/$ to him ! use ( grav] flicks 9 modell+ ! face4 ,! date ( ,nanteuil's bir? is v>i\sly giv5 z #afbc1 #afbe1 & #afcj1 ! la/-nam$ date1 :i* is accept$ by ,rob]t-,dumesnil1 correspond+ be/ ) :at we "k reg>d+ ! developm5t ( 8 "w4 ,8 fir/ portrait plates 7 done 9 #afdh1 ! ye> 9 :i* he came to ,p>is1 & f t "t onw>ds he devot$ himself almo/ exclusively to portraiture1 until 8 dea? 9 #afgh4 ,8 engrav+s =m a gall]y illu/rat+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 f ! ,k+ himself1 :om he engrav$ no few] ?an elev5 times1 to ! ,norman peasant & poet1 ,loret 7incid5tally1 "o ( ,nanteuil's f9e/ portrait plates71 ^: 8,gazette0 satiriz$ ea* day 8! intrigu+ nobles :o 7 n afraid ( bullets1 b :o 7 9 deadly fe> ( w9t] mud40 ,an int]e/+ /ory is told ( ,nanteuil's db 9 ,p>is4 ,x is said t he receiv$ 8 fir/ ord] by foll[+ "s div9ity /ud5ts to a w9e-%op1 :]e !y 7 wont to take _! meals4 ,!re1 hav+ *os5 "o ( ! portrait draw+s he _h br\ght f ,rheims1 he pret5d$ to look = a sitt] ^: "n & address he _h =gott54 ,x is sup]flu\s to add t ! picture 0 n recogniz$1 b x 0 pass$ f h& to h&1 ! price 0 ask$1 ! arti/ 0 mode/ 9 8 dem&s1 & be=e ! end ( ! repa/ 8 c>e] _h begun4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ portraits1 9 8 e>ly mann]1 is t ( ,c>d9al de ,retz1 engrav$ 9 #afej4 ,mor9 has likewise left u a portrait ( ?is p]sonage1 & x is in/ructive to comp>e ! two engrav+s4 ,9 ,nanteuil's ! backgr\nd is /ill some:at /iff1 b ! co/ume is treat$ simply & directly1 :ile ! face %[s a judici\s bl5d+ ( l9e & dot "w4 ,no?+ c\ld be f9] & m retic5t ?an ,m>ie de ,bragelogne ( #afef4 ,! pale1 eld]ly1 & some:at sad face ( ?is old love ( ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu is treat$ ) ! greate/ sympa?y4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 x is modell$ ) delicate flick "w1 & :]e l9es are employ$1 !y are s us$ z to bl5d p]fectly into a h>moni\s :ole4 ,9 contra/ to ! face1 ! coll> is r5d]$ 9 long1 fl[+ l9es1 )\t cross-hat*+1 entirely 9 ! mann] ( ,claude ,mellan4 ,x is f ,nanteuil's own draw+ f life & is p]haps ! mo/ beautiful ( ! eight engrav$ portraits ( wom5 we h f 8 h&4 ,pompone de ,bellivre1 ( #afeg1 aft] ,le ,brun's pa9t+1 has enjoy$ among collectors ! reputation ( be+ ! mo/ beautiful ( all engrav$ portraits4 ,f9e x und\bt$ly is2 b x lacks t grip ( "* :i* is s conspicu\sly pres5t 9 ,nanteuil's engrav+s f life1 & = compell+ portrait quality x falls %ort ( ,pi]re ,segui]1 engrav$ 9 ! same ye>1 likewise aft] ,le ,brun's pa9t+4 ,jean ,loret c]ta9ly does n owe its fame to ! beauty ( ! p]sonage portray$4 ,x is "o ( ,nanteuil's mo/ conv9c+ & vital plates4 ,! modell+ ( ! face & ! means employ$ are absolutely adequate4 ,?is engrav+ alone w\ld expla9 :y1 9 8 day1 ,nanteuil's greate/ fame re/$ ^u ! surpris+ly life-l quality ( 8 "w1 :e!r x be pa/el1 draw+1 or engrav+4 ,to ! ye> #afeh also belongs ,basile ,f\quet1 bro!r ( ,nicolas ,f\quet1 ! fam\s ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,f9ance4 ,n less beautiful ?an ,pompone de ,bellivre1 !re is a vitality ab\t ! ,basile ,f\quet lack+ 9 ! bett]-kn[n plate4 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 9 #affa1 ,nanteuil engrav$ ! portrait ( ,nicolas ,f\quet--"o ( 8 ma/]pieces ( *>act]ization4 ,no?+ c\ld be f9] ?an ! way 9 :i* he has portray$ ! great f9ance m9i/]1 ^: ambition x 0 to succe$ ,maz>9 z virtual rul] ( ! k+dom4 ,x is a hi/orical docum5t ( prime importance1 ( ! greate/ beauty1 & pres]ves = all "t ! features ( ! !n mo/ p[]ful man 9 ,france1 gaz+ out ^u ! _w ) a half quizzical expression1 totally unaw>e ( ! s5sational rev]sal ( ,=tune already draw+ ne>4 ,a plate n less admirable 9 its way--a little ma/]piece--is ,franois de la ,mo! le ,vay]1 :o 0 reg>d$ z ! ,plut>* ( 8 "t = 8 b\ndless erudition & 8 mode ( reason+4 ,nanteuil's engrav+ %[s him at ! age ( sev5ty-five1 9 full possession ( all 8 intellectual p[]s & 9 ! enjoym5t ( t good heal? :i* la/$ until 8 dea?1 elev5 ye>s lat]1 at ! ripe age ( eighty-six4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,nanteuil4 ,,basile ,,f\quet ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #ab #i in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,nanteuil4 ,,jean ,,loret ,size ( ! orig9al engrav+1 #aj #g in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,! ma/]ly portrait ( ,tur5ne1 engrav$ 9 #affc1 aft] a pa9t+ by ,philippe de ,*ampaigne1 is "o ( ! engrav]'s mo/ vigor\s plates1 ( a size some:at l>g] ?an _h hi!rto be5 8 wont4 ,f ?is p]iod date ! life-size portraits1 ?irty-six ( :i* 7 complet$ be=e he di$ 9 #afgh1 ! la/ f\r ye>s ( 8 life be+ devot$ entirely to ^! l>ge plates--sev5 ( !m ( ! ,k+ himself4 ,!y 7 obvi\sly int5d$ to be fram$ & hung above ! high wa9scots us$ 9 ^? times1 & al?\gh !y d n %[ ,nanteuil at 8 be/1 &--9 ! majority ( cases--are1 9 "p1 ! "w ( assi/ants1 !y are a rem>kable p]=mance4 ,nanteuil e/abli%$ ! tradition ( portrait engrav+ 9 ,france once & = all1 & al?\gh 8 successors1 pr(it+ by 8 example1 h left u _m sup]bly engrav$ plates1 none ( !m 7 able to comb9e ! qualities ( great engrav] ) great portraiti/1 :i* make ,nanteuil supreme 9 ! hi/ory ( portrait engrav+4 ,! n9ete5? c5tury has produc$ ?ree ma/] portrait et*]s4 ,( :at previ\s c5tury c we say z mu*8 ,o!r portraits may possess m *>m1 b none h a great] measure ( dignity ?an ^? by ,,alphonse ,,legros4 ,he has be5 call$ a 8belat$ old ma/]10 & 9 8 portrait plates are comb9$ ! qualities :i* prove him to be a ma/] inde$--n old1 9 ! s5se ( out ( t\* ) 8 "t1 b display+ ! same qualities :i* make ! portraits ( ,rembr&t or ,van ,dyck s compell+ & ( su* cont9u+ int]e/4 ,c>d9al ,mann+--! triumph ( _s ov] fle%--simple1 au/]e2 ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 9 :i* ! gravity & beauty ( old age is portray$ z no "o s9ce ,rembr&t has portray$ x1 are plates :i* w assure 8 arti/ic immortality4 ,,mr4 ,,:i/l]1 :5 ask$ :i* ( 8 et*+s he consid]$ ! be/1 is report$ to h answ]$1 8,all40 ,=tunately = u1 9 ! case ( 8 portraits he has indicat$ 8 pref]5ce4 8,"o ( my v be/0 is writt5 b5ea? a pro( ( ,annie ,had51 n[ 9 ! ,l5ox ,libr>y2 & ,:i/l]1 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation ) ,mr4 ,e4 ,g4 ,k5n$y1 told him t if he _h to make a decision z to :i* plate 0 8 be/1 he w\ld re/ 8 reputation ^u ,annie ,had54 ,x is ! culm9ation ( t wond]ful s]ies to :i* belong su* ma/]pieces z ,becquet1 ,dr\et1 ,f9ette1 ,ar?ur ,had51 ,mr4 ,mann & ,riault1 ! ,engrav]4 ,:i/l] himself nev] surpass$ ?is portrait1 :i* = p]fect balance1 c]ta9ty ( h&1 & %e] *>m1 is n only "o ( ! mo/ delightful portrait plates 9 ! hi/ory ( ! art1 b "o ( ! few successful repres5tations ( ! elusive *>m ( "y girlhood4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,a4 ,mc,n4 ,,:i/l]4 ,,annie ,,had5 ,size ( ! orig9al dry-po9t1 #ac #h in*es ,9 ! ,collection ( ,h[>d ,mansfield1 ,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,a4 ,mc,n4 ,,:i/l]4 ,,riault1 ,,! ,,engrav] ,size ( ! orig9al dry-po9t1 #h #e in*es ,9 ! ,collection ( ,h[>d ,mansfield1 ,esq4 ,h>dly less beautiful are ! portraits ( ,flor5ce ,leyl&1 /&+1 hold+ h] hoop 9 h] "r h&1 e l9e ( ! sl5d] figure rhy?mic & beautiful2 or ( ,fanny ,leyl&1 seat$1 ! s(t fl\nces ( h] :ite musl9 dress indicat$ ) ! fewe/ & mo/ delicate l9es2 or ,we>y1 ly+ back 9 h] *air1 ) hair outspread4 ,we>y sugge/s ! ,j5ny ( ,rossetti's poem1 b x is a portrait ( 8,jo0--,joanna ,heff]nan--:om ,:i/l] pa9t$ z ,! ,:ite ,girl & ,la ,belle ,irl&aise1 & ( :om1 9 #ahfa1 two ye>s previ\sly1 he _h made a sup]b dry-po9t4 ,( ,:i/l]'s portraits ( m51 ,riault is assur$ly "o ( ! f9e/1 bo? 9 execution & 9 portrayal ( "*4 ,! conc5tration ( ! wood-engrav] on 8 task is express$ ) conv9c+ p[]1 & ^? :o mi/ak5ly attribute to ,:i/l] grace at ! exp5se ( /r5g? c\ld h>dly d bett] ?an /udy ?is dry-po9t4 ,c\ld !re be a great] contra/ ?an ! "w ( ,:i/l] & ,,zorn8 ,c\ld any?+ bett] illu/rate ! inf9ite possibilities ( ! art1 ! pliability ( ! m$ium to s]ve ! ne$s ( et*]s z dissimil> 9 me?od z 9 po9t ( attack8 ,) ! fewe/ possible l9es 7sla%$1 "o might almo/ say1 into ! copp]7 ,zorn evolves a portrait ( compell+ p[]1 vibrant ) life4 ,m]e spe$ c\nts = little1 & x is ( small significance t a ma/]piece su* z ,erne/ ,r5an is ! result ( a s+le sitt+ ( "o h\r only4 ,x 0 done 9 ,r5an's /udio 9 ,p>is1 9 ,april1 #ahib4 8,8 fri5ds10 ! arti/ relates1 8came & ask$ me to make an et*+ ( him4 ,he arrang$ = a sitt+4 ,he 0 v ill1 b ,i sat /udy+ him = a little :ile1 !n took ! plate & drew him4 ,i ask$ him if x 0 a *>act]i/ic pose & he repli$1 #8,no1 ,i v seldom sit l ?is4' ,b 8 wife came 9 & said1 #8,y h caught him to p]fection1 x is himself4 ,:5 he is n wat*$ he is always l t4' ,%e 0 really t\*$ by x40 ,:at is significant 9 ! portrait ( ,r5an1 a/\nd+1 "o might say1 is t ) l9es s few ,zorn has giv5 u n only ! out] man1 b a "* /udy ( pr(\nd insight4 ,r5an1 sunk 9 8 *air1 ! bulky body topp$ by ! massive head1 ! hair sugge/$ ) a m]e h&ful ( l9es1 0 l a bomb-%ell to su* pr9t-collectors z previ\sly 7 unacqua9t$ ) ,zorn's "w4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 only "o ( a gr\p ( ma/]pieces ) :i* ! arti/ made 8 db 9 ,am]ica1 9 #ahib3 ,zorn & ,8 ,wife1 ,faure1 ,! ,waltz1 ,! ,omnibus1 ,olga ,bratt1 ) its elusive *>m1 & ! piquant ,girl ) ! ,cig>ette1 & ,madame ,simon1 :i* /ill rema9s "o ( 8 mo/ p[]ful portraits4 ,illu/ration3 ,,&]s ,,zorn4 ,,erne/ ,,r5an ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #i #ac in*es ,9 ! ,collection ( ! ,au?or ,illu/ration3 ,,&]s ,,zorn4 ,,! ,,toa/ ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #ab #aj in*es ,9 ! ,collection ( ,alb]t ,w4 ,s*olle1 ,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,,&]s ,,zorn4 ,,madame ,,simon ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #i #f in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,&]s ,,zorn4 ,,miss ,,emma ,,rassmuss5 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #e in*es ,9 ! ,collection ( ! ,au?or ,! ,toa/ is et*$ f ,zorn's picture pa9t$ by him to celebrate ! ?irtie? anniv]s>y ( ! ,society ( ! ,idun1 a sci5tific & arti/ic society 9 ,/ockholm4 ,wieselgr51 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,society1 a ,vik+-l figure1 is ab\t to propose a toa/2 beyond him1 *>act]iz$ ) ! fewe/ l9es1 are se5 ,nord5skjld1 ! ,arctic explor]2 ,hildebr&1 ! ar*ologi/2 ,axel ,key1 pr(essor ( m$ic9e2 & ,wo]n1 ! ,m9i/] ( ,f9ance4 ,! plate has all ! fre%ness1 all ! spontaneity1 ( an et*+ done directly f life & at a :ite heat4 ,among 8 _m portraits ( wom51 x is difficult to make a selection4 ,miss ,anna ,burnett1 seat$ at ! ,piano1 is *>m+4 ,annie1 ,mrs4 ,granb]g1 & ,ke/i--ea*1 9 its own way1 fasc9ates u2 b if "o 7 to express a p]sonal pref]5ce1 x w\ld be = ,miss ,emma ,rassmuss54 ,! blond beauty ( h] hair1 ! fair1 t5d] fle%1 sp>kl+ eyes1 & lips slightly op51 %[+ ! firm1 small1 ev5 tee?1 are 9 p]fect h>mony4 ,! l9e is m delicate ?an is ! arti/'s wont1 & bo? z a portrait & z an et*+ x is a la/+ delight4 ,,"s ,,ma/]s ,,( ,,portraiture ,,bibliography ,,pr9ts ,,& ,,_! ,,mak]s4 ,edit$ by ,fitz,roy ,c>r+ton4 #bjj illu/rations4 ,new ,york3 ,c5tury ,co4 #aiab4 ,,et*+ ,,& ,,et*]s4 ,by ,philip ,gilb]t ,ham]ton4 #ce orig9al et*+s4 ,london3 ,macmillan ,co4 #ahfh4 ----4 ,same4 #f? edition4 ,bo/on3 ,rob]ts ,bro!rs4 #ahib4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,age ,,( ,,engrav+4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,keppel4 #afa illu/rations4 ,new ,york3 ,! ,bak] & ,taylor ,company4 #aiaj4 ,,! ,,be/ ,,portraits ,,9 ,,engrav+4 ,by ,*>les ,sumn]4 ,new ,york3 ,fr$]ick ,keppel4 #ahge4 ,d,,r]1 ,,albre*t 7see ,bibliography "u 8,! ,ma/] ( ! ,am/]dam ,cab9et & ,albre*t ,dr]10 page #acg74 ,,van ,,dyck1 ,,an?ony 7#aeii-afda7 ,,eaux-,,=tes ,,de ,,anto9e ,,van ,,dyck2 ,,reproduites ,,et ,,publi,,es ,,p> ,,am&-,,dur&4 ,edit$ by ,georges ,duplessis4 #ba reproductions4 ,p>is3 ,am&-,dur&4 #ahgd4 ,,van ,,dyck2 ,,8 ,,orig9al ,,et*+s ,,& ,,8 ,,iconography4 ,by ,ar?ur ,mayg] ,h9d4 #ch illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 #b p>ts4 ,"p ,i4 ,vol4 #e1 ,no4 #a1 pp4 #c-cg4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,vol4 #e1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #bbj-bec4 ,bo/on4 #aiae4 ----4 ,repr9t$ 9 revis$ =m4 #cf illu/rations4 ,bo/on3 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,company4 #aiae4 ,,van ,,dyck ,,& ,,portrait ,,engrav+ ,,& ,,et*+ ,,9 ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,edit$ by ,ar?ur ,mayg] ,h9d4 #fe reproductions4 ,london & ,new ,york3 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,company1 n4 d4 7,great ,engrav]s47 ,,van ,,dyck4 ,by ,h4 ,knackfuss4 ,translat$ by ,campbell ,dodgson4 #ee illu/rations4 ,bielefeld & ,leipzig3 ,velhag5 ,klas+4 #ahii4 7,monographs on ,arti/s47 ,,et*+s ,,( ,,van ,,dyck4 ,edit$ by ,frank ,newbolt4 #cd reproductions4 ,london3 ,george ,newnes4 n4 d4 ,,et*+s ,,by ,,van ,,dyck4 ,by ,walt] ,h4 ,sp>r[4 ,) an introduction by ,h4 ,s+]4 #bc reproductions ( ! fir/ /ates4 ,london3 ,hodd] ,/\ghton4 #aije4 ,l',,iconographie ,d',,anto9e ,,van ,,dyck1 ,d',,apr,s ,,les ,,re*]*es ,,de ,h4 ,,web]4 ,by ,fri$ri* ,wibiral4 #a reproduction & #f plates ( wat]m>ks4 ,leipzig3 ,a4 ,danz4 #ahgg4 ,,rembr&t ,,h>m5sz ,,van ,,rijn 7#afjf-affi7 ,,! ,,et*$ ,,"w ,,( ,,rembr&t2 ,a ,,monograph 7,,writt5 ,,z ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,burl+ton ,,club ,,exhibition1 #ahgg7 ,,) ,,an ,,app5dix ,,respect+ ,,appropriation ,,( ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,9 ,,middleton',s ,,descriptive ,,catalogue4 ,by ,francis ,seym\r ,had54 ,london3 ,macmillan ,co4 #ahgi4 ,,! ,,et*+s ,,( ,,rembr&t4 ,by ,philip ,gilb]t ,ham]ton4 #d reproductions & #cf text illu/rations4 ,london3 ,seeley ,co4 #aijb4 7,portfolio ,monographs47 ,,rembr&t',s ,,et*+s2 ,,an ,,essay ,,& ,a ,,catalogue1 ,,) ,,"s ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,draw+s4 ,by ,ar?ur ,mayg] ,h9d4 ,london3 ,me?u5 ,co4 #aiab4 ,volume #a1 ,text 7) #cd plates illu/rat+ ! draw+s74 ,volume #b1 ,illu/rations 7#ccj reproductions74 ,,et*+s ,,( ,,rembr&t4 ,edit$ by ,ar?ur ,mayg] ,h9d4 #fb reproductions4 ,london & ,new ,york3 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,company4 #aijg4 7,great ,engrav]s47 ,,rembr&t4 ,by ,h4 ,knackfuss4 ,translat$ by ,campbell ,dodgson4 #aei illu/rations4 ,bielefeld & ,leipzig3 ,velhag5 ,klas+4 #ahii4 7,monographs on ,arti/s47 ,,rembr&t',s ,,am/]dam4 ,by ,frits ,lugt4 #bg illu/rations & map4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #e1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #aaa-afi4 ,bo/on4 #aiae4 ,,rembr&t2 ,,8 ,,life1 ,,8 ,,"w1 ,,& ,,8 ,,"t4 ,by ,emile ,mi*el4 ,translat$ by ,flor5ce ,simmonds4 ,edit$ by ,fr$]ick ,w$more4 #b volumes4 #cag illu/rations4 ,london3 ,william ,he9emann4 #ahie4 ,l',,oeuvre ,,grav ,,de ,,rembr&t2 ,,reproductions ,,des ,,plan*es ,,dans ,,t\t ,,leurs ,,tats ,,successifs1 ,,avec ,,un ,,catalogue ,,raisonn4 ,by ,dmitri ,rov9ski4 #ajjj reproductions4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg3 ,l',acadmie ,impriale des ,sci5ces4 #ahij4 ,volume #a1 ,text4 ,volumes #b-d1 ,reproductions4 ---- ----4 ,supplem5t4 ,collect$ by ,d4 ,rov9ski4 ,arrang$ & describ$ by ,n4 ,t*t*\l9e4 #id reproductions4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg3 ,s4 ,n4 ,kot(f1 & ,leipzig3 ,k>l ,w4 ,hi]semann4 #aiad4 ,,kritis*es ,,v]zei*nis ,,d] ,,radi]ung5 ,,rembr&ts1 ,,zuglei* ,,e9e ,,anleitung ,,zu ,,d]5 ,,/udium4 ,by ,woldem> von ,seidlitz4 ,leipzig3 ,e4 ,a4 ,seemann4 #ahie4 ,,rembr&t2 ,,des ,,mei/]s ,,radi]ung5 ,,9 #djb ,,abbildung54 ,edit$ by ,hans ,wolfgang ,s+]4 ,/uttg>t & ,leipzig3 ,deuts*e ,v]lags-,an/alt4 #aijf4 7,klassik] d] ,kun/4 ,vol4 #h47 ,,portrait ,,engrav+ ,,9 ,,france ,,de ,,la ,,gravure ,,du ,,portrait ,,en ,,france4 ,by ,georges ,duplessis4 ,p>is3 ,rapilly4 #ahge4 ,,le ,,pe9tre-,,graveur ,,fran,,ais2 ,,un ,,catalogue ,,raisonn ,d',,e/ampes ,,grav,,es ,,p> ,,les ,,pe9tres ,,et ,,les ,,dess9ateurs ,,de ,l',,cole ,,fran,,aise1 ,,ouvrage ,,faisant ,,suite ,,au ,,pe9tre-,,graveur ,,de ,m4 ,,b>ts*4 ,by ,a4 ,p4 ,f4 ,rob]t-,dumesnil4 #aa volumes4 7,vol4 #aa4 ,supplem5t by ,georges ,duplessis47 ,p>is3 ,mme4 ,huz>d4 #ahce-ga4 ,,le ,,pe9tre-,,graveur ,,fran,,ais ,,cont9u 444 ,,ouvrage ,,faisant ,,suite ,,au ,,pe9tre-,,graveur ,,fran,,ais ,,de ,,rob]t-,,dumesnil4 ,by ,prosp] de ,baudic\r4 ,p>is3 ,mme4 ,b\*>d-,huz>d4 #ahei-ahfa4 #b volumes4 ,,fr5* ,,portrait ,,engrav+ ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,& ,,eighte5? ,,c5turies4 ,by ,t4 ,h4 ,?omas4 #ci illu/rations4 ,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons4 #aiaj4 ,,mellan1 ,,claude 7#aeih-afhh7 ,,claude ,,mellan4 ,by ,l\is ,r4 ,metcalfe4 #ac illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #e1 ,no4 #c1 pp4 #beh-bib4 ,bo/on4 #aiae4 ,,catalogue ,,raisonn ,,de ,l',,oeuvre ,,de ,,claude ,,mellan ,d',,abbeville4 ,by ,anatole de ,montaiglon4 ,biography by ,p4 ,j4 ,m>iette4 ,abbeville3 ,p4 ,briez4 #ahef4 ,,mor91 ,,jean 7be=e #aeij787-afej7 ,,jean ,,mor94 ,by ,l\is ,r4 ,metcalfe4 #aa illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #b1 ,no4 #a1 pp4 #a-cj4 ,bo/on4 #aiab4 ,,nanteuil1 ,,rob]t 7#afbc7be87-afgh7 ,,rob]t ,,nanteuil4 ,by ,l\is ,r4 ,metcalfe4 #ab illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #a1 ,no4 #e1 pp4 #ebe-efa4 ,bo/on4 #aiaa4 ,,nanteuil2 ,,sa ,,vie ,,et ,,son ,,oeuvre4 ,by ,abb ,porre4 ,r\53 ,cagni>d4 #ahij4 ,,! ,,draw+s ,,& ,,pa/els ,,( ,,nanteuil4 ,by ,t4 ,h4 ,?omas4 #ae illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #d1 ,no4 #d1 pp4 #cbg-cfa4 ,bo/on4 #aiad4 ,,legros1 ,,alphonse 7#ahcg-aiaa7 ,,alphonse ,,legros4 ,by ,elisabe? ,lu!r ,c>y4 #aj illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #b1 ,no4 #d1 pp4 #dci-deg4 ,bo/on4 #aiab4 ,,catalogue ,,raisonn ,,de ,l',,uvre ,,grav ,,et ,,li?ographi ,,de ,m4 ,,alphonse ,,legros1 #ahee-gg4 ,by ,paul ,augu/e ,p\let-,malassis & ,a4 ,w4 ,?ibaudeau4 #c plates4 ,p>is3 ,j4 ,baur4 #ahgg4 ,,:i/l]1 ,,james ,,abbott ,mc,n,e,i,l,l 7#ahcd-aijc7 7see ,bibliography "u 8,l&scape ,et*+10 p4 #bgg74 ,,zorn1 ,,&]s 7#ahfj- 7 ,,das ,,radi]te ,,w]k ,,des ,,&]s ,,zorn4 ,by ,=tunat von ,s*ub]t-,sold]n4 ,illu/rat$4 ,dresd53 ,ern/ ,arnold4 #aije4 ,,&]s ,,zorn4 ,by ,loys ,delteil4 #cbh reproductions4 ,p>is3 ,l'auteur4 #aiji4 7,le ,pe9tre-graveur illu/r1 ,,xix et ,,xx sicles4 ,vol4 #d47 ,,&]s ,,zorn4 ,by ,mrs4 ,s*uyl] ,van ,r5ssela]4 #e illu/rations4 ,! ,c5tury1 ,vol4 #bd1 p4 #ehb 7,new ,s]ies74 ,new ,york4 #ahic4 ,,&]s ,,zorn3 ,,pa9t]-,,et*]4 ,by ,j4 ,nils5 ,laurvik4 #ah illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #a1 ,no4 #e1 pp4 #faa-fcg4 ,bo/on4 #aiaa4 ,,l&scape ,,et*+ ,9 l&scape1 z 9 portraiture1 we are greet$ on ! ?re%old by ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,f 8 _m draw+s1 wat]-colors1 & ! beautifully engrav$ backgr\nds 9 a numb] ( 8 plates1 we "k him to h be5 a pr(\nd /ud5t ( natural =ms & ( atmosph]ic effects1 s5sitive to ! "* ( ! c\ntry he portrays2 & x is a matt] ( regret t ,! ,cannon is ! only plate 9 :i* ! l&scape elem5t outweighs 9 int]e/ ! figures4 ,! ,cannon1 :i* is dat$ #aeah1 is et*$ ^u an iron plate1 n necess>ily because ,dr] 0 unacqua9t$ ) a suitable mordant = copp]1 b r1 "o is incl9$ to believe1 because1 et*+ hav+ be5 us$ 9 ! decoration ( arms & armor1 iron w\ld naturally sugge/ itself z ! mo/ appropriate metal = ! purpose4 ,al?\gh ! cannon 78,! ,nuremb]g ,field ,s]p5t071 to ! left1 & ! five ,turks1 to ! "r1 are ! ma9 motives ( ! composition1 !y are drawn & bitt5 ) l9es ( exactly ! same weight & "* z ! l&scape itself1 & we c1 if we w1 consid] !m z accessory figures1 conc5trat+ our att5tion ^u ! altoge!r delightful village1 its *ur* spire po9t+ heav5w>ds1 :ile 9 ! di/ance wood$ hills rise t[>ds ! sombre sky1 & to ! left a seaport is indicat$4 ,dr] ei!r ignor$ or 0 unaw>e ( ! effects to be obta9$ by repeat$ rebit+s1 & consequ5tly ! plate is ( a uni=m tone4 ,)9 8 self-impos$ limits he has ?or\ghly und]/ood ! possibilities ( ! m$ium & has avail$ himself ( !m1 adopt+ an op51 l9e> te*nique1 9 m>k$ contra/ to 8 highly elaborate engrav+s on copp] ( ?is p]iod4 ,,albre*t ,,altdorf]1 :o 0 born 9 ,reg5sburg ab\t #adhj & di$ 9 ,febru>y1 #aech1 is notable z "o ( ! e>lie/ int]pret]s ( l&scape = its own sake4 ,he has left u t5 l&scape et*+s4 ,none ( !m is dat$1 b !y cle>ly belong to 8 la/ p]iod4 ,9 !m he has m]ely transf]r$ to metal 8 mode ( p5 draw+1 an excell5t /yle 9 a way1 s9ce x is l9e> & sugge/ive1 b lack+ di/9ction & t passionate1 dramatic quality :i* is s impressive 9 ! pa9t+1 ,/4 ,george1 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y1 ! engrav+ ( ! ,crucifixion2 or ! ,agony 9 ! ,g>d51 a draw+ 9 ! ,b]l9 ,pr9t ,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 ,,! ,,cannon ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #ab in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,augu/9 ,,hirs*vogel4 ,,l&scape ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #h in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,! et*+s ( ,,augu/9 ,,hirs*vogel are ev5 simpl] 9 treatm5t ?an ^? by ,altdorf]4 ,!y be> dates f #aede to #aedi4 ,! m "o /udies 8 l&scape plates1 brea?+ ! _s ( ! true nature lov]1 ! m fasc9at+ d !y become4 ,he has elim9at$ all non-ess5tials1 conc5trat+ 8 att5tion ^u :at 7 to him ! mo/ significant features1 & 9 ?is respect he may h influ5c$ ! "w ( m ?an "o n9ete5? c5tury ma/]4 ,,hans ,,sebald ,,laut5sack1 :o 0 "s tw5ty ye>s ,hirs*vogel's junior1 0 born 9 ,nuremb]g ab\t #aebd4 ,! great] numb] ( 8 l&scape plates fall )9 ! ye>s #aeea & #aeee4 ,he is nei!r s simple nor s direct z ,hirs*vogel1 & 8 plates suff] f ov]-elaboration4 ,9 an attempt to give a complete repres5tation ( ! sc5e ! value ( ! l9e is lo/1 &1 9 ! majority ( cases1 ! composition is lack+ 9 repose4 ,= almo/ a c5tury we h no l&scape et*+s ( prime importance4 ,!n1 9 #afdj1 ,rembr&t appe>s on ! sc5e ) 8 ,view ( ,am/]dam1 ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( tw5ty-sev5 ma/]pieces :i*1 beg9n+ ) ?is plate1 comes to an end ) ,a ,clump ( ,trees ) a ,vi/a 7#afeb74 ,! ,view ( ,am/]dam is1 among ,rembr&t's l&scapes1 comp>able to ! portrait ( himself lean+ on a /one sill1 inasmu* z x is1 9 its own simple l9e> mode1 a model ( :at et*+ c be at its be/4 ,z 9 ! case ( all ^! et*+s1 ) ! exception ( ! ,?ree ,trees & ! ,l&scape ) a ,ru9$ ,t[] & ,cle> ,=egr\nd1 ! sky is left p]fectly blank1 & our imag9ation mu/ supply ! quiet sun%9e ( a cl\dless day or t delicate grayness :i* makes ,holl& a p]petual delight to ! pa9t]4 ,! ,w9dmill 7#afda7 is ,rembr&t's fir/ dat$ et*+4 ,x is truly a portrait ( a place1 n only 9 its out] aspect1 b 9 t inn] _s :i*1 if x be pres5t1 moves u s pr(\ndly1 z 9 ! case ( ,m]yon's et*+s ( ,p>is & ,piranesi's plates ( anci5t ,roman edifices2 or1 if x be abs5t1 leaves u disappo9t$ & cold4 ,9 ! ,w9dmill1 8we feel ! /a9s ( wea!r1 ! t\* ( "t1 on ! /ructure2 we feel ! air ab\t x & ! quiet light t re/s on ! f> horizon z ! eye travels ov] dike & mead[2 we are admitt$ to ! subtlety & s5sitiv5ess ( a sight transc5d+ our own2 & ev5 by "s intangible means beyond analysis we p>take ( some?+ ( ,rembr&t's actual m9d & feel+1 8 s5se ( :at ! old mill meant1 n m]ely z a picturesque object to be drawn1 b z a human elem5t 9 ! l&scape1 imply+ ! daily "w ( human h&s & ! association ( man & e>?40#ab #ab ,rembr&t's ,l&scape ,et*+s4 ,by ,laur5ce ,b9yon4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly4 ,vol4 #b1 ,no4 #d1 p4 #dad4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,! ,,w9dmill ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #h in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,?ree ,,trees ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #h #aa in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,to ! same ye> belong ! ,l&scape ) a ,cottage & ,hayb>n & ,l&scape ) a ,cottage & a ,l>ge ,tree1 two delightfully spaci\s plates4 ,!re is "o et*+ 9 #afdb1 ! ,cottage ) a ,:ite ,pal+1 9 :i* dry-po9t is judici\sly us$ to give ri*ness to ! %ad[s4 ,to ! foll[+ ye>1 #afdc1 belongs ! ,?ree ,trees1 ! mo/ fam\s ( ,rembr&t's l&scape et*+s4 ,note h[ ,rembr&t has sugge/$ ! pass+ ( a summ] ?und]-/orm1 ! ra9-*>g$ cl\ds roll+ away to ! left1 :ile f ! "r ! return+ sun%9e ba!s ! composition 9 glory1 mak+ ea* fre%ly wa%$ leaf & blade ( grass sp>kle 9 its beams4 ,ev5 ! h>d1 slant+ l9es ( ra9 9 ! upp] left portion ( ! plate h _! purpose1 af=d+ a ne$$ contra/ to ! swiftly *ang+ cl\ds1 :i* ! fre%5+ breeze drives be=e x ov] ! peopl$ pla9 & ! f>-rea*+ sea 9 ! di/ance4 ,9 #afde !re are five l&scape et*+s4 ,if ! ,?ree ,trees is ,rembr&t's mo/ elaborate plate1 ,six's ,bridge is1 9 "s ways1 8 mo/ le>n$ p]=mance4 ,accord+ to tradition1 x 0 et*$ 8aga9/ "t10 = a wag]1 at ! c\ntry h\se ( ,rembr&t's fri5d1 ,jan ,six1 :ile ! s]vant 0 fet*+ ! mu/>d1 t _h be5 =gott51 f a neighbor+ village4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no?+ ha/y or incomplete ab\t x4 ,x is1 to use ,:i/l]'s words1 8f9i%$ f ! beg9n+10 beautifully balanc$1 n a l9e wa/$1 ( its k9d a p]fect "w ( art4 ,!re are no m l&scapes until #afej1 a good ye>1 s9ce x gives u eight plates1 e "o wor?y ( ! mo/ s]i\s consid]ation4 ,rembr&t by ?is "t app>5tly _h become dissatisfi$ ) ! relatively limit$ range ( light & d>k obta9able by ! pure et*$ l9e1 & f n[ onw>ds he relies m & m ^u dry-po9t to obta9 8 effects1 at times execut+ 8 plates entirely 9 t m$ium4 ,! ,l&scape ) a ,hayb>n & a ,flock ( ,%eep is "o ( ! lovelie/ plates ( ?is p]iod4 ,!re is a brilliancy 9 ! fir/ /ate1 a quiet h>mony 9 ! elaborat$ second /ate1 :i* makes a *oice difficult4 ,ea*1 9 its way1 is ( compell+ beauty4 ,h>dly less delightful is ! ,l&scape ) a ,milkman1 ) a view ( ! sea to ! "r1 :ile at ! left ! cottages snuggle b5ea? _! protect+ trees4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,six',s ,,bridge ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #h in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,l&scape ,,) ,a ,,ru9$ ,,t[] ,,& ,,cle> ,,=egr\nd ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #d #ab in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,l&scape ,,) ,a ,,hayb>n ,,& ,a ,,flock ,,( ,,%eep ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #c #g in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,?ree ,,cottages ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #f #h in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,! ,l&scape ) a ,ru9$ ,t[] & ,cle> ,=egr\nd is1 p]haps1 ( all ^! et*+s ! noble/ & ! mo/ dramatic4 ,9 ! sky to ! left are pil$ ?und] cl\ds4 ,a fa9t breeze1 ! precursor ( a com+ /orm1 g5tly moves ! upp] bran*es ( ! trees4 ,!re is an expectant hu%1 a t5s5ess1 & we are made to feel t 9 a few m9utes ! fir/ heavy ra9drops w be driv+ ?r\gh ! ov]-*>g$ air4 ,o!rwise all is /ill1 ! sky to ! "r be+ yet quiet & undi/urb$4 ,) ! fewe/ et*$ l9es ,rembr&t has indicat$ ! =m & gr[? ( ! trees1 add+1 j :]e ne$$ to give emphasis & enri*m5t1 t\*es ( dry-po9t1 conc5trat+ 8 ri*e/ blacks on ! noble clump :i* %uts (f ! road lead+ t[>d ! left4 ,) su* simple means1 ) black l9es & :ite pap]1 he has giv5 u by 8 art a m conv9c+ record ( "o ( ,nature's noble/ spectacles ?an mo/ pa9t]s1 ) a full palette at _! comm&1 c\ld a*ieve 9 a lifetime ( labor4 ,9 ! ,?ree ,cottages dry-po9t is us$ ) magnific5t effect4 ,e>ly impressions ( ?is ma/]piece h a ri*ness1 a bloom1 :i* is unmat*$ among ,rembr&t's l&scape plates4 ,a f9e impression ( ! ?ird /ate1 ) ! add$ %ad+ on ! gabl$ end ( ! fir/ cottage1 repres5ts ! plate admirably4 ,to be se5 at its be/1 h[ev]1 x %\ld n be too heavily *>g$ ) ink1 s9ce ! tree =ms !reby are confus$4 ,"w su* z ?is is s seem+ly simple t "o may readily ov]look ! p[] ( analysis & ! sup]b draughtsman%ip x displays4 ,ev]yone :o loves ,rembr&t's l&scapes--& :o t kn[s !m does n love !m8--mu/ bitt]ly regret t at ab\t ?is "t1 9 ! v pl5itude ( 8 p[]s1 he saw fit to br+ 8 l&scape "w to a close4 ,x is true t we h ! ,goldweigh]'s ,field ( #afea--;an unsurpass$ ma/]piece--& 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,l&scape ) a ,road ,beside a ,canal & ,a ,clump ( ,trees ) a ,vi/a2 b _h he treat$ a l&scape motive ) ! passion :i* brea!s f ! ,?ree ,crosses1 ,*ri/ ,pres5t$ to ! ,p1 or ! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple1 h[ mu* ri*] & full] w\ld l&scape art h be56 ,! ,goldweigh]'s ,field1 by tradition ! c\ntry seat ( ! ,receiv] ,g5]al1 ,uyt5bogrt1 ^: portrait ,rembr&t _h et*$ 9 #afci 7,! ,goldweigh]71 is1 9 po9t ( sugge/iv5ess1 second to none ( ,rembr&t's plates4 ,! eye is g5tly l$ f field to f]tile field1 ea* ) its own individual "* & fill$ ) int]e/+ little details1 & f9ally re/s ^u ! quiet sea :i* /ret*es to ! horizon4 ,contempor>y ) ,rembr&t1 treat+ sc5es ess5tially ! same1 a :ole s*ool ( et*]s produc$ an enorm\s numb] ( plates1 _m ( !m *>m+1 b none to be class$ ) ! p]man5tly great "w 9 ! hi/ory ( ! art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,goldweigh]',s ,,field ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #d #ab in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,jacob ,,ruysdael4 ,,:eat ,,field ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #d #f in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,,h]cules ,,segh]s is int]e/+ because ( 8 *oice ( wild1 rugg$ m\nta9s = 8 subject-matt] & ( 8 exp]im5ts 9 color pr9t+1 b z an et*] he is ( hi/orical importance only4 ,,jacob ,,ruysdael displays a k ( tree =ms & an appreciation ( _! beauty1 r>e at any "t4 ,8 "w at its be/ recalls t ( ! great n9ete5? c5tury ma/]1 ,?odore ,r\sseau1 ?\gh ! latt]'s few plates %[ a great] economy ( means & an equal affection = ,nature 9 h] wild] moods4 ,! ,:eat ,field is "o ( ,ruysdael's mo/ satisfy+ plates4 ,! sky1 ) its roll+ cl\ds1 is simply treat$ & %[s a k & retic5ce 9 ! use ( l9e d5i$ to ! great] numb] ( 8 m labori\s contempor>ies1 :o1 9 ! ma91 :5 !y endeavor$ to 8f9i%0 a plate end$ by leav+ x fatigu$ & /iff4 ,claude ,gelle1 call$ ,claude ,lorra91 is ! "o sev5te5? c5tury ,fr5* l&scape et*]4 ,born 9 ! ye> #afjj 9 ! ,diocese ( ,t\l & ! ,du*y ( ,lorra9e 7:5ce he d]ives ! "n by :i* he is be/ kn[n71 e>ly orphan$1 at ! age ( ?irte51 aft] a v>i$ & picturesque boyhood1 j\rney$ to ,rome1 !nce to ,naples1 & lat] to ,v5ice4 ,9 #afbg he settl$ p]man5tly 9 ,rome1 :]e he rema9$ until 8 dea? 9 #afhb4 ,8 et*+s are ! fruit ( t indefatigable /udy ( nature :i* he pursu$ almo/ until ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,he$less ( fatigue1 he w\ld sp5d day aft] day1 f sunrise until nightfall1 not+ e phase ( dawn1 ! glory ( sunrise1 or ! maje/y ( ! sunset h\rs4 ,= him ! mode/ nook held no *>m & ex]t$ no fasc9ation4 ,he *ose = 8 !me ,nature 9 h] m spaci\s aspects--wide-/ret*+ horizons & deep ov]>*+ skies1 ) clumps ( /ately trees1 betwe5 & beyond :i* are to be se5 ca/le-cr[n$ hills1 or a half-ru9$ temple1 ! relic ( ,imp]ial ,rome1 a passionate love = :i* burn$ ) a /eady flame 9 ,claude1 m ,roman ?an ! ,romans !mselves 9 8 wor%ip ( ! ,et]nal ,city & all t c\ld recall h] vani%$ glory4 ,claude's pa9t+s are to be se5 9 ne>ly e ,european gall]y ( importance1 b 8 et*+s are seldom met )4 ,really f9e impressions 7by :i* alone !y c be judg$7 are un=tunately v r>e4 ,8 "w w\ld seem to divide itself into two p]iods3 #afcj to #afcg1 & #affb & #affc4 ,x is to ! e>li] p]iod t 8 f9e/ "w belongs1 ! lat] plates be+ heavy & /iff 9 treatm5t4 ,claude's et*+s %[ none ( t economy & sugge/iv5ess ( l9e :i* make ( ,rembr&t's mo/ summ>y sket* a cont9u\s /imulus & delight4 ,!y are highly wr\ght pictures1 z c>efully & lov+ly f9i%$ 9 all details z are ! pa9t+s !mselves4 ,et*+1 dry-po9t1 ! burni%]1 & a tone produc$ by r\gh5+ ! surface ( ! plate ) pumice-/one or "s simil> mat]ial1 all are call$ into play to produce a h>moni\s result1 & ( _! k9d !re is no?+ f9]4 ,! ,dance ,"u ! ,trees %[s ,claude 9 8 mo/ purely pa/oral ve9--classic pa/oral--se5 ?r\gh ,virgilian eyes & int]pret$ 9 ! _s ( ! ,eclogues4 ,x is c>efully compos$ & beautifully drawn2 & if1 to our m mod]n ta/e1 !re seems a little too obvi\s an 8arrangem5t10 ) ! two vi/as balanc+ "o ano!r at ! "r & left ( ! c5tral gr\p ( trees1 we mu/ rememb] t l&scape1 no less ?an lit]ature or co/ume1 has its fa%ions1 & t1 9 ,claude's "t1 balance & proportion 7 e/eem$ ( great] value ?an ! fre$om & spontaneity :i* we today1 m insi/5t on ! individual note1 e/eem ! *ief *>m ( et*+4 ,le ,b\vi]1 et*$ 9 #afcf1 is acc\nt$ ,claude's ma/]piece4 8,= te*nical quality ( a c]ta9 delicate k9d x is ! f9e/ l&scape et*+ 9 ! _w4 ,its transp>5cy & gradation h nev] be5 surpass$40#ac ,x is ! "w ( a real nature lov] & true poet1 & sums up 9 a few squ>e in*es all t is be/ ( ,claude's art :5 x has %ak5 itself free f ! 8set sc5e0 & !atricalities4 ,te*nically x is n less admirable4 ,! copp] has be5 c>ess$1 s to speak1 ) ! ne$le1 until x responds by yield+ all ^? elusive half lights & lum9\s %ad[s :i* play among ! leaves ( ! noble trees to ! left1 :ile on ! "r ! l&scape fairly swims 9 light & air4 ,= ?is same quality ( sunlight ,claude tries aga9 & aga9 9 8 et*+s1 9 ,sunrise ) complete success4 ,:5 he essays to int]pret ,nature 9 h] /]n] moods1 z 9 ! ,flock 9 ,/ormy ,wea!r 78 "o plate ( ! ye> #afea71 he is f> less happy4 ,! cl\ds1 :i* %\ld be heavy ) ra91 are unconv9c+1 ?\gh ! sugge/ion ( movem5t 9 ! trees is excell5t1 & 9 no o!r plate has he treat$ ar*itecture ) a firm] t\* or 9 a m picturesque mann]4 #ac ,et*+ & ,et*]s4 ,by ,philip ,gilb]t ,ham]ton4 ,london2 ,macmillan ,co4 #ahfh4 p4 #agh4 ,aft] ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 et*+1 z an orig9al1 creative art1 is increas+ly neglect$ = almo/ two hundr$ ye>s1 ?\gh x gr[s 9 popul>ity z an easy & exp$iti\s mode ( 8=w>d+0 a plate to be f9i%$ ) ! bur94 ,illu/ration3 ,,claude ,,lorra94 ,,le ,,b\vi] ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e x #g in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,jacque4 ,,tr\peau ,,de ,,porcs ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #h in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,to ,,*>les ,,jacque1 9 ! e>ly 8=ties10 belongs ! honor ( hav+ re/or$ et*+ to its prop] & legitimate place z a sugge/ive & l9e> art4 ,8 me?od is bas$ on a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( its limitations & qualities z exemplifi$ by ,rembr&t & 8 less] contempor>ies 9 ,holl&2 & bo? by 8 "w 7he has left betwe5 five & six hundr$ plates7 & by 8 influ5ce1 he is ! fa!r ( ! n9ete5? c5tury revival ( et*+1 n only 9 ,france1 :]e its possibilities 7 appreciat$ at once by ! ,romantic gr\p & ! 8,m5 ( #ahcj10 b 9 ,engl&1 ?r\gh ,seym\r ,had5 & ,:i/l]4 ,*>les ,jacque 0 born 9 ,p>is on ,may #bc1 #ahac1 & to ! la/ 7he di$ at ! ripe age ( #ha1 9 ! ye> #ahid7 he reta9$1 9 c\ntry life1 some?+ ( ! city man's po9t ( view1 ! love ( ! 8picturesque10 ! anecdotic1 9 m>k$ contra/ to 8 great] contempor>y1 ,jean-,franois ,millet1 ^: few et*+s =m an epic ( ! soil ev5 m p[]ful ?an 8 pa9t+s4 ,= all t1 ,jacque is a true et*]1 work+ along ! s\nde/ l9es & safe/ traditions4 ,he is unequal3 8 "w suff]s at times f a hank]+ = 8f9i%02 b at 8 be/ 8 little plates are delightfully sugge/ive1 e l9e be+ !re = a purpose1 & n a l9e too mu*4 ,up to #ahdh he _h complet$ "s ?ree hundr$ et*+s & dry-po9ts1 & x is among ?is gr\p t _m 8ma/]pieces 9 little0 are to be f\nd4 ,x w\ld be h>d to f9d a bett] model ( /yle ?an ! ,:eat ,field4 ,! pr9t is sc>cely l>g] ?an a visit+ c>d1 b x conveys a s5se ( spaci\sness & 8out ( doors0 sadly lack+ 9 _m a pa9t+ 9 full color & ( a hundr$ times its size4 ,! ,truffle ,ga!r]s is likewise ( mode/ size1 b ! l&scape ) its leafless trees is full ( air1 & ! s5se ( life & movem5t1 z well z ! effective composition ( ! 8root]s0 accompani$ by _! h]dsman1 is1 f _m po9ts ( view1 unexcell$4 ,! ,/orm--,l&scape ) a ,:ite ,horse is "o ( ,jacque's f9e/ int]pretations ( w9d & r\gh wea!r4 ,?is dry-po9t1 un=tunately v r>e1 recalls ! "w ( ,rembr&t 9 8 mature p]iod4 ,! sky1 sla%$ ) driv+ %[]s1 ! trees sway$ ?is way & t by ! gu/y w9d1 ! :ite horse ) legs firmly brac$1 its mane & tail matt$ by ! ra9 aga9/ its neck & flank1 all comb9e to height5 & int5sify ! effect4 ,y\ng] ?an ,jacque by f\r ye>s 7he 0 born ,febru>y #ae1 #ahag71 ,,*>les-,,fran,,ois ,,daubigny diff]s f him 9 t x is ! lyric1 ! spiritual aspect ( nature1 r ?an ! incid5tal & picturesque details ( c\ntry life1 :i* mov$ him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,jacque4 ,,/orm--,,l&scape ,,) ,a ,,:ite ,,horse ,size ( ! orig9al dry-po9t1 #f #h in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les-,,fran,,ois ,,daubigny4 ,,de] ,,9 ,a ,,wood ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #f #d in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,none ( ! o!r ,b>bizon m5 has s successfully int]pret$ ! fre%ness ( e>ly morn+1 ! sp>kle ( sunrise on t5d] "y leaves or dew-bespangl$ grass1 ! tranquility ( ! quiet pool hidd5 9 ! dep? ( ! =e/4 ,8 fir/ plate1 et*$ 9 collaboration ) 8 fri5d ,meissoni]1 is dat$ #ahch1 & all ?r\gh ! 8=ties0 ,daubigny cont9u$ to et* ei!r orig9al motives or su* z 7 commission$ by editors = ! embelli%m5t ( v>i\s publications1 9 _m cases poems & songs ( a pa/oral nature4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 to ! foll[+ decade t 8 f9e/ "w belongs--a s]ies ( little ma/]pieces :i*1 9 _! way1 rema9 unequall$4 ,8 plates1 small 9 size1 are z c>efully work$ out z ^? ( ,claude b ) a tru] feel+ = ! elusive *>m ( /ill1 untr\bl$ places4 ,lat] 8 /yle gr[s broad] & bold]4 ,less is actually said1 m is sugge/$4 ,!re is a fre$om 9 8 l9e "w :i* ^! et*+s ( 8 middle p]iod _h h>dly l$ u to expect b = :i*1 9 tru?1 !y 7 ! f9e/ prep>ation4 ,he has le>n$ to elim9ate ! non-ess5tial2 & 9 et*+ ! art ( omission is ! supreme virtue4 ,"o ( ! mo/ sugge/ive plates ( 8 middle p]iod is ,de] 9 a ,wood4 ,! treatm5t is p]fectly simple & /raight=w>d1 truly l9e>1 z all good et*+ %\ld be1 b ! _s ( ! sc5e is captur$ & portray$ 9 ^! few1 seem+ly c>eless1 l9es4 ,de] ,com+ ,d[n to ,dr9k is ano!r altoge!r delightful plate 9 ! same s]ies4 ,! e>ly morn+ air is vibrant ) ! glory ( sunrise1 & ! little leaves clap _! h&s 9 joy4 8,has x n (t5 occurr$ to y1 9 y\r explorations z a t\ri/1 to see sudd5ly op5 be=e y a break 9 ! l&scape1 a little valley1 calm1 9 repose1 full ( elegant & tranquil =ms1 ( discreet & h>moni\s colors1 ( s(t5$ %ad[s & lights1 bord]$ by hillsides ) r\nd$ & retir+ =ms & :]e no /ep seems to h tr\bl$ ! poetic sil5ce8 ,a pond1 plac$ !re l a mirror1 reflects ! picture1 & be>s on its cup-l edge %eaves ( ru%es1 coltsfoot1 arr[-heads1 wat]-/rawb]ries & ! :ite & yell[ fl[]s ( ! wat] lily1 amid :i* sw>m a buzz+ _w ( insects & gnats4444 ,z y approa*1 "s h]on1 occupi$ 9 dress+ its plumage1 flies (f1 snapp+ its beak2 ! snipe runs away1 pip+ its little cry2 !n ev]y?+ falls aga9 into sil5ce1 & ! valley1 welcom+ y z its gue/1 takes up "u y\r eyes its my/]i\s "w40#ad ,all ?is & m ,daubigny gives u by 8 art4 #ad ,c\nt ,clm5t de ,ris4 ,l',arti/e4 ,june1 #ahec4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les-,,fran,,ois ,,daubigny4 ,,de] ,,com+ ,,d[n ,,to ,,dr9k ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #f #d in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les-,,fran,,ois ,,daubigny4 ,,moonlight ,,on ,,! ,,banks ,,( ,,! ,,oise ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #d #f in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,daubigny's success z a pa9t]1 ! con/antly increas+ dem& = 8 "w1 left him little "t1 z ye>s w5t by1 = et*+4 8,if only ,i c\ld pa9t a picture t w\ldn't sell10 he once said 9 %e] desp]ation1 &1 mom5t>ily1 8 sup]b r5d]+s ( ! my/]y ( ev5+ & night accompli%$ 8 object1 ?\gh n[ !y are jeal\sly gu>d$ 9 "s ( ! _w's f9e/ collections4 ,b to et* night1 to sugge/ moonlight--!re 0 a problem inde$6 ,:i/l] 9 8 8,nocturnes0 pa9ts1 s to speak1 on 8 plate ) pr9t]'s ink4 ,daubigny relies on l9es alone1 to produce 8 result4 8,night _c be et*$0 is ! dictum ( m ?an "o au?ority4 ,no1 nor sunlight ei!r1 nor cl\ds6 ,none ( ^! ?+s c be pictur$ s t bl9d eyes c see !m4 ,b to ^? :o w meet ! et*] half way1 :o are cont5t ) a sugge/ion & are capable ( recon/ruct+ f x ! arti/'s mood1 ^! simple l9e> plates ( ,daubigny's la/ p]iod are a revelation & a delight4 ,moonlight on ! ,banks ( ! ,oise measures scant f\r by six in*es1 yet :at a feel+ ( space !re is 9 x6 ,only a born et*] c\ld h succe$$ by means s simple1 & seem+ly inadequate1 9 captur+ ! v _s ( su* a sc5e4 ,corot's et*$ "w comprises f\rte5 plates4 ,x 0 n until #ahde1 :5 he 0 9 8 fiftie? ye>1 t he made 8 fir/ exp]im5t4 8,corot took a prep>$ copp]-plate & drew 9 ! outl9es & masses ( ! well-kn[n ,s\v5ir ( ,tuscany1 b did n proce$ to ! #8bit+ 9' process4 ,"s ye>s lat] ,flix ,bracquemond discov]$ ! plate 9 a nail-box at ,corot's /udio & begg$ ! ma/] to complete x1 (f]+ to take *>ge ( ! #8bit+ 94' ,corot !n took ! plate & add$ ! tones & details ( ! f9al /ate4444 ,!re 0 some?+ 9 ! use ( mordants & acids t seem$ to fright5 ,corot1 & he always call$ 9 "s good fri5d su* z ,bracquemond1 ,mi*el9 or ,delaunay to assi/ 9 ?is delicate process40#ae #ae ,le ,pre ,corot4 ,by ,rob]t ,j4 ,wick5d54 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly4 ,vol4 #b1 ,no4 #c4 p4 #chb4 ,9 et*+ 8 me?od is z p]sonal z 9 8 pa9t+4 ,he entirely disreg>ds all ! accept$ canons ( ! art4 ,l9e1 z l9e1 h>dly exi/s 9 8 plates2 x is scribble1 scribble1 ev]y:]e4 ,! tree trunks1 ! rocks1 =egr\nd & di/ance1 (t5 ! foliage itself1 all are z 8wrong z wrong c be10 s f> z accurate repres5tation is conc]n$4 ,yet ,corot1 great arti/ & great nature poet1 c transgress e rule & /ill succe$ 9 convey+ 8 message4 ,9 ! be/ ( 8 et*+s he does succe$ admirably4 ,s\v5ir ( ,italy & ,environs ( ,rome ( #ahfe 7,corot 0 !n ne>ly sev5ty ye>s ( age7 are among ! mo/ int]e/+ pr9ts ( ! p]iod4 ,9 ^! plates1 & o!rs l !m1 ,corot has giv5 free re9 to 8 poetic & imag9ative p[]s & has drawn ^u 8 memory ( ! ,italy ( 8 y\?4 ,9 me?od1 9 _! disreg>d ( l9e1 =m & texture1 !y are %9+ examples ( :at et*+ %\ld n be4 ,9 decorative quality1 poetic sugge/ion1 & s5tim5t !y are altoge!r delightful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,camille ,,corot4 ,,s\v5ir ,,( ,,italy ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aa #h in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,jean-,,fran,,ois ,,millet4 ,,! ,,glean]s ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #aj in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,9 ,,millet',s et*+s ! l&scape & ! figures are s int]-relat$ z to make any sep>ate /udy ( !m unavail+4 ,!y are models ( significant draughtsman%ip & pr(\nd feel+1 9 :i* no?+ is introduc$ t does n be> directly ^u ! ma9 !me4 ,%eph]dess ,knitt+1 ,peasants ,go+ to ,"w1 ,two ,m5 ,digg+1 & above all ! ,glean]s1 h ea* _! p]fect sett+4 ,! wide-/ret*+ pla91 slightly undulat+1 %imm]s 9 ! hot summ] sun%9e1 :i* ba!s 9 a gold5 gl[ ! ?ree wom5 glean+1 ! h>ve/]s ga!r+ 9 ! ri* fruits ( _! toil1 & ! little village1 snuggl+ amid its trees 9 ! f> di/ance to ! "r4 ,et*]s1 l poets1 are 8born1 n made40 ,b1 z also 9 ! case ( poets1 natural gifts w avail little if !y are n re9=c$ by t capacity = tak+ inf9ite pa9s1 ?r\gh :i* alone a man may s ma/] 8 m$ium z to %ape x readily to 8 arti/ic ne$s4 ,! et*$ "w ( ,,seym\r ,,had5 is no *ance happ5+4 ,x is ! fruit ( close & analytical /udy1 by a man ( =ceful "* & sci5tific atta9m5ts1 ( ! be/ model ( /yle1 ! et*+s ( ,rembr&t2 supplem5t$ by a famili>ity ) ! "w ( 8 contempor>ies 9 ,france1 ! l& ( cle> & logical ?9k+2 & 9 no art is cl>ity & brevity ( spee* m ess5tial ?an 9 et*+4 ,f ! beg9n+1 ,seym\r ,had5 0 9 possession ( all 8 p[]s1 bo? 9 et*+ & 9 dry-po9t4 ,!re is no unc]ta9ty 9 t :i* he wi%es to say1 no fumbl+ 9 8 mann] ( say+ x4 ,! retic5ces & half-hesitations ( ,daubigny are n = him2 !re is no place = ,corot's scribbl$ poetry4 ,he w give u a /rong man's int]pretation ( ! lovely ,engli% l&scape1 9 :i* he takes a pride1 z 9 any o!r p]sonal possession--,god's visible & ab\nd+ b\nty to a sup]ior p4 ,x is 8! bones ( ?+s0 78 own phrase7 t he wi%es1 above all else1 to give4 ,at 8 be/ he succe$s magnific5tly1 b 9 mu* ( 8 "w1 /ructurally f9e ?\gh x be1 x is ! frame r ?an ! _s t he portrays4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seym\r ,,had54 ,,c>digan ,,bridge ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #d #e in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,seym\r ,,had54 ,,by-,,road ,,9 ,,tipp]>y ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #g #aa in*es ,illu/ration3 ,,seym\r ,,had54 ,,sunset ,,9 ,,irel& ,size ( ! orig9al dry-po9t1 #e #h in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,illu/ration3 ,,seym\r ,,had54 ,,sawley ,,abbey ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #aj #ad in*es ,9 ! ,collection ( ! ,au?or ,a ,wat] ,mead[ 7incid5tally1 a plate :i* ! arti/ himself lik$7 is a f9e transcript ( a sudd5 %[] 9 ! ,hamp%ire l[l&s4 ,x is bold & pa9t]-l1 admirable f e po9t ( view1 ?\gh "s may pref] ,on ! ,te/1 ) its truly noble sky1 et*$ lat] 9 ! day f a some:at diff]5t po9t ( view4 ,c>digan ,bridge is a model ( :at a sket* %\ld be1 free1 sugge/ive1 spontane\s1 yet full ( k4 ,x is "o ( five simil> plates1 et*$ 9 a s+le day1 ,augu/ #ag1 #ahfd1 a 8good day0 inde$1 su* z r>ely comes to et*]s or to pa9t]s6 ,! m "o sees ( mod]n et*+1 ! m "o is incl9$ to value "w ( ?is ord]4 ,x is s easy1 s fatally easy1 to make wriggles 9 ! wat] & scribbles 9 ! sky2 b to sugge/1 by ^! seem+ c>eless loops & lat*ets1 ! fl[ ( ! riv]1 ! movem5t ( cl\ds1 ! spl5dor ( ! sett+ sun--t inde$ is ano!r matt]6 ,yet all ?is1 & m1 ,seym\r ,had5 has done 9 a magi/]ial mann]4 ,by-road 9 ,tipp]>y is ! l>ge/ & mo/ highly priz$ ( 8 woodl& plates & well des]ves ! reputation x s long has enjoy$4 ,/ructurally ! trees are v f9e1 bo? z to bran* & /em draw+2 &1 z 9 ! two plates ( ,k5s+ton ,g>d5s1 ! sugge/ion ( foliage ) ! light filt]+ ?r\gh ! leaves is q beautiful4 ,sunset 9 ,irel& is a plate :i* ! arti/1 ! collector1 & ! g5]al public all unite 9 prais+4 8,t is ! plate10 said ,seym\r ,had51 %ortly be=e 8 dea?1 8:i*1 9 ye>s to come1 w fet* ! enorm\s prices60 ,& 8 prophecy has come true4 ,bo? 9 its e>li] /ates1 less ri* 9 burr1 ) a lum9\s ev5+ effect1 & 9 ! lat] & d>k] impressions1 x is 8a ?+ ( beauty0--"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable l&scape plates ( mod]n times1 :]e9 ! arti/ has captur$1 = once1 all ! poetry & melan*oly s5tim5t ( ! twilight h\r4 ,sawley ,abbey1 on ! ,riv] ,ribble 9 ,lanca%ire1 has1 to "s ( u1 h[ev]1 a 8sw+0 & patt]n1 :i* make ( x a bett] & m manly plate4 ,x mu/ be se5 9 an e>ly /ate to be adequately judg$4 ,= "s inexplicable reason ! arti/ saw fit lat] to 8clean up0 ! sky & all ! =egr\nd to ! "r1 leav+ ! plate cold1 empty1 & almo/ mean+less4 ,n9e ,b>r[ ,d[n1 a dry-po9t1 is 9 ,had5's happie/ ve94 ,x is in/9ct ) t priceless quality1 ! 8art :i* conceals art10 & is s seem+ simple t "o may readily =get t its 8simplicity0 is ! result ( a mo/ rigid selection ( ! ess5tial l9es1 guid$ by ! k ( a lifetime4 ,!re is a gr[+ t5d5cy among ! y\ng] & m 8advanc$0 collectors to belittle ,seym\r ,had5 & 8 "w4 ,unque/ionably !re are _m et*+s :i* fall f> %ort ( 8 be/2 b at 8 be/1 9 ! doz5 or two plates ( :i* he himself approv$1 he t[]s f> above any ( 8 contempor>ies1 & !re seems little likelihood ( 8 supremacy 9 l&scape be+ s]i\sly ?reat5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,a4 ,mc,n4 ,,:i/l]4 ,,za&am 7,fir/ ,/ate7 ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #e #h in*es ,9 ! ,collection ( ,h[>d ,mansfield1 ,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rembr&t4 ,,view ,,( ,,am/]dam ,,f ,,! ,,ea/ ,size ( ! orig9al et*+1 #d #e in*es ,9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,,:i/l]1 8! greate/ et*] & ! mo/ accompli%$ li?ograph] :o ev] liv$0 7accord+ to ,mr4 ,joseph ,p5nell71 seems to h int]e/$ himself 9 l&scape h>dly at all4 ,n ev5 8 mo/ ard5t disciples w\ld ass]t t ! ma/]'s few purely l&scape plates contribute greatly to ! pyramid ( 8 fame4 ,b ev5 "h "o mu/ tread s(tly4 ,:i/l]ium trem5s is /ill a highly contagi\s disease2 & has n 8 (ficial biograph] writt5 8,all 8 "w is alike p]fect08 ,h[ !n may a mode/ lectur] presume to praise or comp>e8 ,let ,mr4 ,p5nell speak3 8,look at ,rembr&t's pr9ts made1 ,i d n "k :e!r ) ,am/]dam or ,za&am 9 ! backgr\nd1 & !n at ,:i/l]'s ( ! same subjects4 ,rembr&t drew & bit & pr9t$ ^! little plates z no "o _h up to 8 "t4 ,b ,:i/l] is z mu* 9 advance ( ,rembr&t z t great arti/ 0 ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,9 ^! little di/ant views ( absolutely ! same subject1 ,:i/l] has triumph$4 ,x is n necess>y to expla9 h[3 y h only to see ! pr9ts to "k x4444 ,! old] ma/] is cons]vative & mann]$2 ! mod]n ma/]1 respect+ all ! great art ( ! pa/1 is graci\s & s5sitive1 & p]fectly free40 8,y h only to see ! pr9ts to "k x40 ,well1 let u look at two ( !m3 ,rembr&t's ,view ( ,am/]dam1 ( #afdj1 & ,:i/l]'s ,za&am4 8,:y drag 9 ,velasquez80 ! ma/] ( ! g5tle art ( mak+ enemies is report$ to h said1 ^u "o hi/oric occasion4 ,?is "t1 s f> z l&scape et*+ is conc]n$1 may x n be ,rembr&t's turn to say1 8,:y drag 9 ,:i/l]80 ,,l&scape ,,et*+ ,,bibliography ,,f9e ,,pr9ts4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,w$more4 #ae illu/rations4 ,ed9burgh3 ,john ,grant4 #aije4 ,,! ,,great ,,pa9t]-,,et*]s ,,f ,,rembr&t ,,to ,,:i/l]4 ,by ,malcolm ,c4 ,salaman4 ,edit$ by ,*>les ,holme4 #aia illu/rations4 ,london1 ,p>is1 ,new ,york3 ,! ,/udio4 #aiad4 ,,f\r ,,ma/]s ,,( ,,et*+4 ,had51 ,jacquem>t1 ,:i/l]1 ,legros4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,w$more4 ,orig9al et*+s by ,had51 ,jacquem>t1 ,:i/l]1 & ,legros4 ,london3 ,f9e ,art ,society4 #ahhc4 ,,dut* ,,et*]s ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,by ,laur5ce ,b9yon4 #d reproductions & #bi text illu/rations4 ,london3 ,seeley ,co4 #ahie4 7,portfolio ,arti/ic ,monographs4 ,no4 #ba47 ,,altdorf]1 ,,albre*t 7c4 #adhj-aech7 ,,albre*t ,,altdorf]4 ,by ,t4 ,/urge ,moore4 ,edit$ by ,laur5ce ,b9yon4 #be illu/rations4 ,new ,york3 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co42 ,london3 ,! ,unicorn ,press4 #aija4 ,,albre*t ,,altdorf]s ,,l&s*afts ,,radi]ung54 ,edit$ by ,max ,j4 ,fri$lnd]4 #i reproductions & #a text illu/ration4 ,b]l93 ,bruno ,cassir]4 #aijf4 7,graphis*e ,gesells*aft4 ,publication #c47 ,,albre*t ,,altdorf] ,,& ,,wolf ,,hub]4 ,by ,h]mann ,voss4 #afj reproductions on #fc plates4 ,leipzig3 ,kl9kh>dt ,bi]mann4 #aiaj4 7,mei/] d] ,graphik4 ,vol4 #c47 ,,gell,e1 ,,claude1 call$ ,,lorra9 7#afjj-afhb7 ,,claude ,,lorra92 ,,pa9t] ,,& ,,et*]4 ,by ,george ,graham4 #d reproductions & #bc text illu/rations4 ,london3 ,seeley ,co4 #ahie4 7,! ,portfolio ,arti/ic ,monographs47 ,,rembr&t ,,h>m5sz ,,van ,,rijn 7,see also ,bibliography "u 8,"s ,ma/]s ( ,portraiture10 p4 #bbd47 ,,rembr&t',s ,,l&scape ,,et*+s4 ,by ,laur5ce ,b9yon4 #h illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #b1 ,no4 #d1 pp4 #djg-dcb4 ,bo/on4 #aiab4 ,,jacque1 ,,*>les ,,mile 7#ahac-ahid7 ,l',,oeuvre ,,de ,,*4 ,,jacque2 ,,catalogue ,,de ,,ses ,,eaux-,,=tes ,,et ,,po9tes ,s,,*es4 ,by ,jules ,m>ie ,joseph ,guiffrey4 ,) an orig9al et*+4 ,p>is3 ,mlle4 ,lemaire4 #ahff4 ----4 ,,n\velles ,,eaux-,,=tes ,,et ,,po9tes ,s,,*es4 ,supplem5t au catalogue4 ,p>is3 ,j\au/ ,sigaux4 #ahhd4 ,,*>les ,,jacque4 ,by ,rob]t ,j4 ,wick5d54 #ah illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #b1 ,no4 #a1 pp4 #gd-aja4 ,bo/on4 #aiab4 ---- ----4 ,repr9t$4 ,bo/on3 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,co4 #aiad4 7,pr9t-,collectors' ,booklets47 ,,daubigny1 ,,*>les ,,francois 7#ahag-ahgh7 ,c4 ,,daubigny ,,et ,,son ,,oeuvre ,,grav4 ,by ,frdric ,h5riet4 #e orig9al et*+s & #d reproductions4 ,p>is3 ,a4 ,levy4 #ahge4 ,,daubigny4 ,by ,jean ,l>an4 #dh reproductions4 ,p>is3 ,librairie c5trale des ,beaux-,arts4 n4 d4 7,l',art de ,notre ,temps47 ,,*>les-,,fran,,ois ,,daubigny2 ,,pa9t] ,,& ,,et*]4 ,by ,rob]t ,j4 ,wick5d54 #ae illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #c1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #agg-bjf4 ,bo/on4 #aiac4 ---- ----4 ,repr9t$4 ,bo/on3 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,co4 #aiad4 7,pr9t-,collectors' ,booklets47 ,,corot1 ,,jean ,,bapti/e ,,camille 7#agif-ahge7 ,,corot4 ,by ,loys ,delteil4 ,an orig9al et*+ & #ajb reproductions4 ,p>is3 ,l'auteur4 #aiaj4 7,le pe9tre-graveur illu/r1 ,,xix et ,,xx sicles4 ,vol4 #e47 ,,corot ,,& ,,millet4 ,) critical essays by ,gu/ave ,geffroy & ,arsne ,alex&re4 ,edit$ by ,*>les ,holme4 #abj illu/rations4 ,london1 ,p>is1 ,new ,york3 ,john ,lane4 #aijb4 7,! ,/udio47 8,,le ,p,,re ,,corot40 ,by ,rob]t ,j4 ,wick5d54 #i illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #b1 ,no4 #c1 pp4 #cfe-chf4 ,bo/on4 #aiab4 ---- ----4 ,repr9t$4 ,bo/on3 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,co4 #aiad4 7,pr9t-,collectors' ,booklets47 ,,millet1 ,,jean-,,fran,,ois 7#ahad-ahge7 ,,jean-,,fran,,ois ,,millet4 ,by ,arsne ,alex&re4 ,,! ,,et*+s ,,( ,j4 ,f4 ,,millet4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,keppel4 #he illu/rations4 ,london & ,new ,york3 ,john ,lane4 #aijc4 7,! ,/udio47 ,,jean-,,fran,,ois ,,millet4 ,by ,loys ,delteil4 ,illu/rat$4 ,p>is3 ,l'auteur4 #aijf4 7,le pe9tre-graveur illu/r1 ,,xix et ,,xx sicles4 ,vol4 ,i47 ,,alfr$ ,,lebrun',s ,,catalogue ,,( ,,! ,,et*+s1 ,,heliographs1 ,,li?ographs ,,& ,,woodcuts ,,done ,,by ,,jean-,,fran,,ois ,,millet4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,fr$]ick ,keppel4 ,) additional notes & a sket* ( ! arti/'s life4 #g reproductions4 ,new ,york3 ,fr$]ick ,keppel ,co4 #ahhg4 ,,jean-,,fran,,ois ,,millet2 ,,pa9t]-,,et*]4 ,by ,mrs4 ,s*uyl] ,van ,r5ssela]4 ,) a biographical sket* ( ,millet by ,fr$]ick ,keppel4 #aa illu/rations4 ,new ,york3 ,fr$]ick ,keppel ,co4 #aija4 7,! ,keppel ,booklets4 #a/ s]ies47 ,,! ,,art ,,& ,,et*+s ,,( ,,jean-,,fran,,ois ,,millet4 ,by ,rob]t ,j4 ,wick5d54 #ad illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #b1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #bbe-bej4 ,bo/on4 #aiab4 ---- ----4 ,repr9t$4 ,bo/on3 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,company4 #aiad4 7,pr9t-,collectors' ,booklets47 ,,millet',s ,,draw+s ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,f9e ,,arts1 ,,bo/on4 ,by ,rob]t ,j4 ,wick5d54 #aa illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #d1 ,no4 #a1 pp4 #c-cj4 ,bo/on4 #aiad4 ,,had51 ,,francis ,,seym\r 7#ahah-aiaj7 ,a ,,descriptive ,,catalogue ,,( ,,! ,,et*$ ,,"w ,,( ,,francis ,,seym\r ,,had54 ,by ,sir ,william ,ri*>d ,drake4 ,london3 ,macmillan ,co4 #ahhj4 ,,! ,,engrav$ ,,"w ,,( ,,sir ,,francis ,,seym\r ,,had51 ,p4 ,r4 ,e4 ,by ,h4 ,nazeby ,h>r+ton4 #bej reproductions on #aji plates4 ,liv]pool3 ,h5ry ,"y ,sons4 #aiaj4 ,,! ,,wat]-,,colors ,,& ,,draw+s ,,( ,,sir ,,seym\r ,,had51 ,p4 ,r4 ,e4 ,by ,h4 ,nazeby ,h>r+ton4 #h illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #a1 ,no4 #d1 pp4 #dje-dai4 ,bo/on4 #aiaa4 ,,sir ,,seym\r ,,had51 ,,pa9t]-,,et*]4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,keppel4 #e illu/rations4 ,new ,york3 ,fr$]ick ,keppel ,co4 #aija4 7,! ,keppel ,booklets4 #a/ s]ies47 ,,p]sonal ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,sir ,,seym\r ,,had51 ,p4 ,r4 ,e4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,keppel4 #bg illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly4 #b p>ts4 ,"p ,i4 ,vol4 #a1 ,no4 #c1 pp4 #bia-caf4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,vol #a1 ,no4 #d1 pp4 #dba-ddb4 ,bo/on4 #aiaa4 ,,:i/l]1 ,,james ,,abbott ,mc,n,e,i,l,l ,,! ,,et*$ ,,"w ,,( ,,:i/l]4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,reproductions ,,9 ,,collotype ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,/ates ,,( ,,! ,,plates4 ,compil$1 arrang$1 & describ$ by ,edw>d ,g4 ,k5n$y4 ,) an introduction by ,royal ,cortissoz4 #ajjb reproductions4 ,new ,york3 ,! ,groli] ,club4 #aiaj4 ,a ,,descriptive ,,catalogue ,,( ,,! ,,et*+s ,,& ,,drypo9ts ,,( ,,james ,,abbott ,mc,n,e,i,l,l ,,:i/l]4 ,by ,h[>d ,mansfield4 #a portrait4 ,*icago3 ,caxton ,club4 #aiji4 ,,:i/l] ,,z ,a ,,critic ,,( ,,8 ,,own ,,pr9ts4 ,by ,h[>d ,mansfield4 #ab illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #c1 ,no4 #d1 pp4 #cfg-cic4 ,bo/on4 #aiac4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,james ,mc,n,e,i,l,l ,,:i/l]4 ,by ,elizabe? ,rob9s ,p5nell & ,joseph ,p5nell4 #ig illu/rations4 #e? edition4 ,philadelphia3 ,j4 ,b4 ,lipp9cott ,company4 #aiaa4 ,,mr4 ,,:i/l]',s ,,li?ographs2 ,,! ,,catalogue4 ,by ,?omas ,r4 ,way4 #a li?ograph4 ,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons4 #ahif4 ,,:i/l]',s ,,li?ographs4 ,by ,?omas ,r4 ,way4 #ah illu/rations4 ,! ,pr9t-,collector's ,qu>t]ly1 ,vol4 #c1 ,no4 #c1 pp4 #bgi-cji4 ,bo/on4 #aiac4 ,,! ,,li?ographs ,,by ,,:i/l]1 ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,reproductions ,,9 ,,photogravure ,,& ,,li?ography1 ,,arrang$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,catalogue ,,by ,,?omas ,r4 ,,way1 ,,) ,,additional ,,subjects ,,n ,,be=e ,,record$4 #aff reproductions4 ,new ,york3 ,k5n$y ,co4 #aiad4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,james ,mc,n,e,i,l,l ,,:i/l]4 ,by ,t4 ,r4 ,way & ,g4 ,r4 ,d5nis4 #aa portraits & #da plates4 ,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons4 #aijd4 ,,:i/l]',s ,,et*+s2 ,a ,,/udy ,,& ,a ,,catalogue4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,w$more4 ,london3 ,a4 ,w4 ,?ibaudeau4 #ahhf4 ----4 ,same4 #bnd edition4 ,london3 ,p4 ,d4 ,colnaghi ,co4 #ahii4 ,,! ,,g5tle ,,art ,,( ,,mak+ ,,enemies4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,mc,n4 ,:i/l]4 ,london3 ,william ,he9emann4 #ahij4 ----4 ,same4 #bnd edition4 #ahib4 ----4 ,same4 #crd edition4 #aijd4 ,,! ,,g5tle ,,art ,,( ,,mak+ ,,enemies4 ,edit$ by ,%]idan ,=d4 ,p>is3 ,delabrosse ,compagnie4 #ahij4 ,,cam]on1 ,,david ,,"y 7#ahfe- 7 ,d4 ,y4 ,,cam]on2 ,,an ,,illu/rat$ ,,catalogue ,,( ,,8 ,,et*$ ,,"w2 ,,) ,,an ,,introductory ,,essay ,,& ,,descriptive ,,notes ,,on ,,ea* ,,plate4 ,by ,frank ,r9d]4 #ddd reproductions4 ,glasg[3 ,j4 ,mac,lehose ,sons4 #aiab4 ,,cam]on',s ,,et*+s2 ,a ,,/udy ,,& ,a ,,catalogue4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,w$more4 ,london3 ,r4 ,gutekun/4 #aijc4 ,,bone1 ,,muirhead 7#ahgf- 7 ,,et*+s ,,& ,,drypo9ts ,,by ,,muirhead ,,bone4 ,by ,campbell ,dodgson4 ,portrait4 ,london3 ,oba* ,co4 #aiji4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,italics are %[n ?us3 slop+4 ,small capitals h be5 capitalis$4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation are reta9$4 ,punctuation has be5 reta9$ z publi%$4