,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,typographical errors 7su* z ,,comat appe>+ = ,,combat 9 ! title7 & punctuation inconsi/5cies h be5 reta9$4 ,! goal has be5 to provide a hi/orically accurate repres5tation ( ! orig9al #aidd publication4 ,,re/rict$ ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,oxyg5 ,,equipm5t ,,9 ,,! ,b-#ag1 ,b-#bd1 ,b-#bi ,,= ,,comat ,,crews 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,?is ,,publication ,,may ,,be ,,us$ ,,by ,,p]sonnel ,,r5d]+ ,,s]vice ,,to ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,or ,,its ,,allies ,p>agraph #e4;d4 ( ,army ,regulation #chj-e relative to ! h&l+ ( re/rict$ pr9t$ matt] is quot$ bel[4 d4 ,dissem9ation ( re/rict$ matt]4--,! in=mation conta9$ 9 re/rict$ docum5ts & ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( re/rict$ mat]ial may be giv5 to any p]son kn[n to be 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & to p]sons ( und\bt$ loyalty & discretion :o are coop]at+ 9 ,gov]nm5t "w1 b w n be communicat$ to ! public or to ! press except by au?oriz$ milit>y public relations ag5cies4 ,,re/rict$ ,,=eword ,^! notes 7 orig9ally int5d$ z a s\rce ( g5]al ref]5ce conc]n+ ,,oxyg5 ,,equipm5t ,,& ,,its ,,use by memb]s ( crews ( ! ,b-#ag & ,b-#bd heavy bomb]4 ,) ! adv5t ( ! ,b-#bi z a combat bomb]1 ! section on ,,! ,b-#bi ,,at ,,high ,,altitude 7,page 7 0 add$ to supply c]ta9 specializ$ in=mation conc]n+ ?is %ip4 ,e ,b-#bi crew memb] %\ld be famili> ) ! ,,introduction & ! section on ,,! ,,dem& ,,oxyg5 ,,sy/em z well z ?is specializ$ in=mation4 ,! subject matt] is pres5t$ f a ,,practical po9t ( view1 bas$ ^u actual exp]i5ces enc\nt]$ on altitude missions4 ,detail$ in=mation on oxyg5 equipm5t may be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ ,,te*nical ,,ord]s4 #jc-ej-a ,use ( ,oxyg5 & ,oxyg5 ,equipm5t4 #jc-ej;,a-#e ,type ,a-#ab ,dem& ,oxyg5 ,regulator 7,pione]74 #jc-ej;,a-#h ,type ,a-#ab ,dem& ,oxyg5 ,regulator 7,airco74 #jc-ej;,b-#a ,type ,a-#aj ,revis$ ,oxyg5 ,mask4 #jc-ej;,b-#f ,type ,a-#ad ,dem& ,oxyg5 ,mask4 #jc-ej;,c-#c ,l[ ,pressure ,oxyg5 ,cyl9d]s4 #jc-ej;,d-#a ,oxyg5 ,pressure ,signal ,assembly4 #jc-ej;,d-#b ,oxyg5 ,fl[ ,indicator ,type ,a-#a4 #jc-ej;,d-#d ,oxyg5 ,fl[ ,indicator ,type ,a-#c4 #jc-ej;,d-#e ,oxyg5 ,pressure ,gage ,type ,k-#a4 ,,index ,auto-,mix #ag ,ceil+1 effect ( oxyg5 on #c ,dang]s ) oxyg5 #ej ,dem& oxyg5 sy/em #g ,dem& type masks #h ,duration ( oxyg5 supply ,b-#ag #ch ,b-#bd #dd ,me?od ( comput+ #dj ,em]g5cy valve #ai ,explosive ,decompression #fa ,fl[ indicator #cb ,haz>ds ( oxyg5-lack #a ,leaks 9 oxyg5 l9es #di ,leaks 9 regulator #aa ,mask1 ,dem& ,fitt+ to face #i ,te*nic1 at altitude #ac ,te/+ = leaks #aj ,mask-,regulator connection #af ,night ,vision #b ,oxyg5 cyl9d]s #cg ,oxyg5 defici5cy at altitude #c ,oxyg5 in/allation1 ,s]vic+ ( #dg ,oxyg5 discipl9e #d ,oxyg5 sy/ems ,b-#ag #cf ,b-#bd #dc ,b-#bi #eg ,oxyg5 sy/ems1 diagrams ( ,b-#ag #ch ,b-#bd #dg;,a ,b-#bi #fj ,oxyg5 equipm5t1 *eck ( #cd ,portable oxyg5 equipm5t #bj ,precautions ) dem& sy/em #cd ,pass+ out at altitude #ea ,pressure ,cab9s1 ,b-#bi #ef ,regulator1 ,dem& ,a-#ab #ag ,a-#ac #bj ,regulator hose clip #af ,revival ( pass\t victim #ea ,s]vic+ oxyg5 in/allations #dg ,signal assembly #cb ,sniff-te/] #aa ,te/+ = mask leak #aj ,! ,b-#bi at ,high ,altitude #ec ,walk-ar\nd bottle #bj ,walk-ar\nd bottle ,uses ( #bj ,l>ge1 = eng9e] #be ,:5 to use oxyg5 #a ,,introduction ,z a memb] ( a heavy bomb] team1 9 combat y w be liv+ & fight+ 9 a _w :]e man has no bus9ess--f ?ree to six miles above ! environm5t = :i* nature design$ y4 ,successful & effective op]ation ( combat crews at altitudes 9 excess ( #ae1jjj feet requires t ,,e crew memb] be famili> ) altitude problems4 ,y mu/ be s ?or\ghly famili> ) y\r oxyg5 equipm5t t y w use x ,,prop]ly )\t giv+ x a ?\ght4 ,! "t to acquire ?is exp]i5ce is dur+ op]ational tra9+--n aft] y h pull$ sev]al bon]s 9 combat4 ,?r\gh long h\rs ( tir+ tra9+ y h develop$ sup]ior judgm5t1 ability to make decisions quickly1 & effici5tly 9 fir+ & 9 o!r duties4 ,mo/ ( y\r tra9+ has be5 conf9$ to relatively l[ altitudes 9 a relatively normal environm5t4 ,n[ y are go+ to cont9ue ?is tra9+ up/airs4 ,to ma9ta9 ! sup]iority & effici5cy y possess ,,oxyg5 ,,mu/ ,,be ,,us$ above #aj1jjj feet4 ,above #ah1jjj feet oxyg5 mu/ be us$ to ma9ta9 consci\sness & life itself4 ,,:5 ,,%\ld ,,fly]s ,,use ,,oxyg58 7#a7 ,:5 w\nd$1 especially ) injuries accompani$ by hemorrhage or %ock4 7#b7 ,above #aj1jjj feet on day missions1 bo? 9 tra9+ & combat4 7#c7 ,f gr\nd up on all night missions4 7a7 ,to prev5t night bl9dness4 7b7 ,night vision impair$ e>ly & to a m>k$ degree at comp>atively l[ altitude4 ,,haz>d ,,( ,,oxyg5-,,lack 7#a7 ,at #ab1jjj to #ae1jjj feet 7sev]al h\rs73 fatigue1 dr[s9ess1 heada*e4 7#b7 ,at #ae1jjj to #ah1jjj feet 7 to #a h\r73 ,false s5se ( well be+ ,ov]confid5ce ,n>r[+ ( field ( att5tion ,faulty reason+ ,poor judgem5t ,loss ( self-criticism ,clumsy ,blurr+ & d\ble vision ,decreas$ he>+ ,poor memory ,may pass out 7#c7 ,above #ah1jjj feet3 ,symptoms come on fa/] ,loss ( muscle control ,loss ( aw>5ess ( lapse ( "t ,loss ( judgm5t & self-criticism ,loss ( memory & ability to ?9k ,loss ( vision & he>+ ,purposeless movem5ts1 repeat$ ov] & ov] ,emotional outbur/s--hy/]ia1 cry+1 laugh+1 ang] ,loss ( consci\sness ev5tually3 at #bf1jjj feet #d to #f m9utes at #bh1jjj feet #b to #d m9utes at #cj1jjj feet #a to #b m9utes at #ch1jjj feet #cj seconds or less ,! above v>ies ) diff]5t individuals4 7#d7 ,loss ( night vision4 ,night vision is r$uc$ to "o-half at #ab1jjj feet )\t oxyg54 ,brea?+ oxyg5 re/ores x to normal4 7#e7 ,brea?+ oxyg5 raises y\r ceil+4 ,,altitude ,,oxyg5 ,,equival5t ,,feet ,,brea!d ,,level 7feet7 #ah1jjj #fj gr\nd #bf1jjj #he gr\nd #cj1jjj #ajj gr\nd #cc1jjj #ajj #h1jjj #ch1jjj #ajj #ab1jjj #dd1jjj #ajj #bb1jjj ,,reasons ,,= ,,oxyg5 ,,defici5cy ,,at ,,altitude 7#a7 ,inadequate supply = ! mission4 ,! l[ pressure oxyg5 sy/em 9 ! ,b-#ag & ,b-#bd is fully *>g$ to a capacity ( #dej p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,?is supply %\ld la/ #g to #i h\rs1 dep5d+ on activity ( ! crew memb]s 7,auto-,mix ,,on74 7#b7 ,oxyg5 supply exhau/$ by leaks 9 oxyg5 l9es or cyl9d]s4 7#c7 ,fly] gett+ insuffici5t oxyg53 7a7 ,attempts to d excessively h>d "w4 7b7 ,mask leak3 ,improp] fit2 froz5 exhau/ valve2 holes 9 mask or hose2 gr[? ( /ubby be>d4 7c7 ,leak ar\nd gasket betwe5 mask-regulator connection4 7d7 ,loose connections :]e supply hose connects to regulator4 7e7 ,freez+ ( moi/ oxyg5 at extremely l[ temp]ature4 7f7 ,ob/ruction ( op5+s 9 regulator4 7g7 ,hole 9 rubb] diaphragm 9 regulator4 7#d7 ,brea?+ too deeply may produce a p>tial vacuum inside mask caus+ air to leak 9 f bottom or sides4 ,,brea! ,,naturally4 #e ,don't expect to get oxyg5 f an empty walk-ar\nd bottle4 ,if n fully *>g$1 ! bottle may la/ only a m9ute or two4 7#f7 ,improp] use ( walk-ar\nd equipm5t4 ,,oxyg5 ,,discipl9e ,x is m&atory t e memb] ( a heavy combat crew be highly tra9$ 9 oxyg5 discipl9e4 ,x is urg$ t oxyg5 drill be practic$ by ,,all crew memb]s = at lea/ #ae m9utes on r\t9e tra9+ flights be=e altitude missions are ev] und]tak54 ,practice us+ & re-fill+ ! walk-ar\nd bottle at v>i\s /ations4 ,practice *ang+ masks 7page #ab7 & become exp]t at us+ oxyg5 f em]g5cy s\rces 7page #bg74 ,practice reviv+ "s crewmate :o has suppos$ly pass$ out f oxyg5 lack4 ,practice go+ to y\r escape hat* on a walk-ar\nd bottle ) p>a*ute 9 place4 ,practice all em]g5cies t may arise "s day 9 combat & :5 !y arise !y won't be em]g5cies4 ,! foll[+ responsibilities w fall ^u e memb] ( a combat crew4 ,! airplane comm&] %\ld satisfy himself t ! foll[+ po9ts are obs]v$ or provid$ =3 7#a7 ,fitt+ ( ! crew ) masks1 7page #i74 ,p]iodical *eck ( masks & mask fit4 7#b7 ,all crew memb]s are famili> ) haz>ds ( oxyg5-lack at altitude4 7page #a74 7#c7 ,see t all crew memb]s are drill$ 9 precautions ) ! dem& sy/em4 7page #ai74 7#d7 ,be sure t ,,all crew memb]s realize ! dang] ( mix+ oil & oxyg54 7page #ej74 7#e7 ,be able to compute oxyg5 duration 9 diff]5t sy/ems on %ip 7pages #ci #df74 7#f7 ,,pre-,,flight ,,*eck ,,( ,,oxyg5 ,,equipm5t4 7a7 ,pressure 9 diff]5t sy/ems4 7b7 ,be able to *>ge oxyg5 sy/em if necess>y4 7page #dg74 7c7 ,*eck regulators = prop] sett+ 7auto-mix71 prop]ly work+ diaphragm1 hose-regulator connection1 em]g5cy valve ,,(f4 7d7 ,*eck ,,ea* /ation = possible oxyg5 defici5cy at altitude1 7page #c74 7e7 ,*eck portable oxyg5 equipm5t1 regulator diaphragm1 & oxyg5 supply 9 bottles1 see t regulators are work+ prop]ly4 7f7 ,*eck all re*>g] hose valves = sluggi% or /ick+ valves 7page #bj74 7#g7 ,"k h[ to re-di/ribute crew memb]s to /ations :]e oxyg5 is available if "p ( supply is lo/4 7pages #da #de74 7#h7 ,someone to be able to f9d & repair a leak 9 oxyg5 l9es4 7page #di74 7#i7 ,frequ5tly *eck condition ( crew memb]s dur+ flight4 ,see t "o crew memb] *ecks on a fell[ crewmate :5 practicable4 ,*eck e #aj-ae m9utes above #bj1jjj feet4 ,co-,pilot c help 9 ?is reg>d4 7#aj7 ,all crew memb]s und]/& pr9ciples ( reviv+ a crew memb] unconsci\s f oxyg5 lack4 7page #ea74 7#aa7 ,report to crew *ief & p]sonal equipm5t (fic] on l&+ any & all faulty oxyg5 equipm5t4 ,make sure repairs to su* equipm5t h be5 made be=e next flight4 ,,! ,,dem& ,,oxyg5 ,,sy/em ,! dem& oxyg5 sy/em 9 y\r %ip insures a fully adequate oxyg5 supply except "u ! mo/ extreme conditions4 ,x 0 develop$ to supply y1 ,,automatically1 z mu* oxyg5 z y ne$ :5 y ne$ x--at all altitudes & "u all conditions4 ,! ,,dem& ,,oxyg5 ,,sy/em consi/s ( ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,dem& type mask4 7#b7 ,mask to regulator tub+4 7#c7 ,dem& type regulator 7,a-#ab74 7#d7 ,portable re*>g+ hose 7= fill+ walk-ar\nd bottles 7#e7 ,portable equipm5t3 7a7 ,a-#d ,cyl9d] ) ,a-#ac dem& regulator4 7b7 ,d-#b cyl9d] ) ,a-#ac regulator4 7#f7 ,a panel conta9+3 a fl[ indicator an oxyg5 pressure gauge 7#g7 ,cyl9d]s conta9+ brea?+ oxyg54 ,,dem& ,,type ,,masks ,/yles3 ,a-#aj;,a & ,a-#ad ,! ,a-#aj mask is obsolete4 ,! ,a-#aj revis$ mask is obsoete4 ,! ,a-#ad mask is /&>d issue = /ag+ & combat areas1 & op]ational or replacem5t tra9+ s*ools4 ,! ,a-#aj-;,a mask is us$ 9 tra9+ :]e suffici5t ,a-#ad masks are n available4 ,bo? ! ,a-#aj-;,a & ! ,a-#ad masks are susp5d$ f ! summ] & w9t] fly+ helmets4 ,,note3 ,x is important t ,,a]ial ,,gunn]s obta9 a prop]ly fitt+ mask1 fit to bo? summ] & w9t] helmets at ! fir/ /ation available4 ,because ( ! extreme cold to :i* gunn]s are subject$ "u combat conditions1 y ,,mu/ le>n to remove & replace ! mask quickly & accurately ,,we>+ ,,heavy ,,gloves4 ,x is n easy to manipulate a mask or unjam a 4#ej cal4 gun ) numb f+]s 9 heavy fly+ gloves4 ,,practice ^! ?+s on e tra9+ flight ) gloves ,,on4 ,,fitt+ ,,! ,,mask ,,to ,,! ,,face -- ,!re are two consid]ations 9 obta9+ a prop] fit3 7#a7 ,an ,,air-,,tight ,,seal ( mask to face4 7#b7 ,com=t ( fit )\t undue pressure4 ,! ,a-#aj-;,a & ,a-#ad masks come 9 ?ree sizes4 ,r\ghly1 #fj ( fly]s w require ! ,,/&>d 7m$ium7 size mask1 #cj ! ,,l>ge mask1 & ! rema9+ #aj ! ,,small] sizes4 ,g5]al in/ructions conc]n+ fitt+ are4 7#a7 ,susp5sion po9ts on bo? summ] & w9t] helmets mu/ be det]m9$ ,,individually on ea* fly]4 ,?is is a job = y\r squadron p]sonal equipm5t (fic] or ! gr\p aviation physiologi/ or 8 tra9$ assi/ant4 7#b7 ,x is important t ! mask be susp5d$ high on ! face1 seal+ to ! boney portion ( ! nose & *eek bones & ,,n ! s(t tissues4 ,o!rwise y'll get a leak or a clo!sp9 on ! nose effect f pressure ( ! nose wire4 ,,note3 7a7 ,be sure ! regulator hose clip or ! clip on ! walk-ar\nd bottle is clipp$ high en\gh on y\r clo?+ to remove all t5sion f mask hose--o!rwise ! mask w be pull$ d[n on ! face & w leak outside air4 7b7 ,above #be1jjj feet ) ! temp]ature #bj degrees & l[]1 ! tissues ( ! face contract & ! rubb] mask loses its pliability4 ,"u ^! conditions1 ! mask t5ds to fall away f ! face & x becomes necess>y to ,,%ort5 ,,! ,,upp] ,,susp5sion ,,/raps4 ,on return+ to w>m] altitudes1 ^! mu/ be loos5$ aga9 to avoid discom=t f a too tightly fitt+ mask4 7,applies *iefly to gunn]s74 7#c7 ,excessive be>d /ubble w hold ! mask away f ! face & cause leak ar\nd ! jaws4 7#d7 ,see page #ce = c>e ( mask4 7#e7 ,,te/+ ,,= ,,leaks -- ,hold+ ! ?umb ov] ! end ( ! mask tube 7rapid disconnect7 & inhal+ ,,g5tly %\ld cause ! mask to collapse on ! face4 ,! mo/ common place = a leak is alongside ! bridge ( ! nose4 ,! actual site ( leak is det]m9$ by putt+ f+]-po9t pressure beside ! nose & ov] ! *eek bones1 "o po9t at a "t4 ,! nose wire is !n re-adju/$ to cause pressure at ?is po9t4 ,be sure ! mask is high en\gh on ! face & on ! bridge ( ! nose4 ,if ! seal is /ill bel[ ! boney portion ( ! nose try ! next l>ge/ size mask4 7#f7 ,,sniff-,,te/] -- ,an effective sniff-te/] = detect+ small leaks c be obta9$ z foll[s3 ,obta9 "o ( ! comm]cial nasal inhal]s - ,b5z$r9e1 ,vick's1 ,p5etro 7or metal tube ( comp>able size74 ,cut (f ! end ord9>ily ins]t$ into ! nose flu% ) ! b>rel ( ! conta9]1 & remove cont5ts4 ,fit b>rel ) an airtight cork /opp]4 ,/raight5 a pap] clip or take a piece ( wire ( simil> gage1 cut to #b in* l5g?1 & drive "o end firmly into l[] side ( cork /opp]4 ,fa%ion o!r end ( wire into a #a_/d in* fi% hook b5d4 ,make a ball ( cotton or tightly wrapp$ gauze1 in* 9 diamet]1 & atta* to b5t end ( wire4 ,soak ! cotton or gauze1 9 oil ( pepp]m9t or oil ( cloves 7obta9$ f squadron d5ti/ or flight surgeon7 & fit cork /opp]1 c>ry+ ! sniff-te/] tightly into metal conta9]4 ,to sniff-te/1 remove ! /opp] & hold ! cotton plug on bo? sides ( ! nose at ! top ( ! mask 7eyes clos$74 ,inhale g5tly ) ! mask hose block$4 ,a leak is pres5t if ! cont5ts ( ! sniff-te/] is detect$4 ,r\gh z ?is te/ seems1 x is v s5sitive4 ,,note3 ,! sniff-te/] is also effective 9 te/+ ! ,,dem& ,,regulator = leaks4 ,put on mask4 ,fit snugly to face4 ,plug into regulator hose4 ,turn ,auto-,mix 7,air7 ,lev] ,,(f4 ,hold sniff-te/] close to regulator diaphragm & brea! normally sev]al times4 ,if ! cont5ts ( ! sniff-te/] are detect$1 ! regulator has a leak4 ,,two ,,types ,,( ,,sniff-,,te/]s 7,a7 ,cotton pl$get soak$ ) oil ( pepp]m9t4 7,b7 ,b5z$r9e inhal] conta9+ blott] soak$ ) oil ( pepp]m9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a ,,remov+ ,,mask ,,at ,,altitude -- ,!re are _m reasons :y y\r oxyg5 mask w be remov$ above #bj1jjj feet4 ,?is has be5 responsible = c\ntless accid5ts 9 heavy bomb] crews ,,9 advanc$ tra9+ & 9 combat4 ,,le>n ,,! ,,prop] ,,te*nic ,,n[1 we>+ heavy gloves4 ,y c take y\r oxyg5 mask (f at #cj1jjj feet & be z safe z y are on ! gr\nd1 ,,provid+ ,,y ,,hold ,,y\r ,,brea? & don't brea! ! ?9 outside air4 ,! foll[+ are a few ( ! reasons :y y w remove y\r mask at high altitude4 ,,don',t ,,remove ,,y\r ,,gloves1 = freez+ occurs almo/ in/antane\sly & pa9lessly at temp]atures ( #cj bel[ & l[]4 7#a7 ,to wipe moi/ure f inside ! mask at regul> int]vals -- = com=t & to prev5t ice =mation ar\nd exhau/ valve4 ,,note3 ,a puddle ( cond5s$ moi/ure ly+ ov] ! flutt] valve w r5d] x useless4 ,y w be w>n$ ( ?is2 :5 y brea! out1 ! air f y\r mask comes out ! top ( ! mask1 fogg+ y\r goggles4 7#b7 ,to bl[ y\r nose4 ,to help cle> y\r e>s on desc5t by hold+ nose & bl[+ 7if necess>y74 ,to vomit if y get sick4 7#c7 ,to take n\ri%m5t & hot dr9ks on missions4 7#d7 ,to *ange masks4 ,,te*nic -- ,,nev] brea! :5 mask is (f face or is loos5$ f helmet4 ,,practice ,,?is ) a mirror3 7,see ,fig4 #b1 #c #d7 7#a7 ,hold mask to face firmly ) left h&4 7#b7 ,dis5gage mask clip f helmet ) "r h&4 7#c7 ,hold+ mask snugly 9 position ) left h&1 take #c or #d deep brea?s ( oxyg54 7#d7 ,remove mask ) left h&1 ,,hold+ ,,brea?4 ,! "r h& is free to s]vice mask1 to bl[ nose or to adm9i/] food or dr9k4 ,hold mask 9 left h&4 7#e7 ,:5 y h to brea!1 reapply mask to face mak+ sure x is held snugly along sides ( nose ) index & middle f+] ( left h&1 "o on ea* side4 ( nose 7hold mask 9 palm ( h& ) index & middle f+] mak+ a ,v1 "o on ea* side ( ! nose piece74 7#f7 ,take #d or #e deep brea?s f ! mask & repeat #d4 ,?is proc$ure may be kept up indef9itely ) complete safety1 provid+ y ,,don',t ,,brea! ,,outside ,,air4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,,mask ,,te*nic 7#a7 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c ,,mask ,,te*nic 7#b #c7 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d ,,mask ,,te*nic 7#d7 ,,mask ,,to ,,regulator ,,connection 7,,rapid ,,disconnect7 ,,is ,,! ,,rubb] ,,gasket ,,9 ,,place8 ,)\t ! gasket an air-tight seal at ?is jo9t is impossible4 ,dang]\s oxyg5-lack w result above #bd1jjj feet4 ,) a leak at ?is altitude s]i\s m5tal & physical ineffici5cy w develop1 ev5 ?\gh y may n pass out4 ,above #bh1jjj feet y w quickly become pun* drunk1 & ! pass-out w soon foll[4 ,,use ,,! ,,clip ,,on ,,! ,,regulator ,,tub+--,x is !re to remove t5sion on ?is connection :i* c\ld 7#a7 cause s]i\s mask leak by pull+ ! mask d[n on ! face1 or 7#b7 cause mask tub+ to become disconnect$4 ,9 combat ^! ?+s w\ld fail to attract y\r att5tion4 ,)\t w>n+ y are fir/ slap-happy & !n drop unconsci\s4 ,,! ,,rapid ,,disconnect ,,requires ,,con/ant ,,att5tion :e!r y are plugg$ into a fix$ /ation or into a walk-ar\nd bottle4 ,a pull ( at lea/ #ab p\nds %\ld be requir$ to sep>ate ! male & female connection ( ! rapid disconnect4 ,! security ( ! connection c be increas$ by spread+ ! gr\ps at ! tip ( ! male connection4 7,see diagram1 pre-flight *eck1 page #ci74 ,,connection ,,( ,,hose ,,to ,,regulator ,,is ,,n ,a ,,swivel ,,jo9t--,above #bd1jjj feet ! coll> mu/ be turn$ up tightly to prev5t a dang]\s leak ( air4 ,make sure t ! regulator hose is wir$ securely to ! goose neck on ! regulator4 ,,! ,,dem& 7,a-#ab7 ,,regulator ,9 pr9ciple ! dem& regulator is a diaphragm-op]at$ fl[ valve :i* is op5$ by ! us]'s inspiration & closes automatically :5 ! suction ceases4 ,?is gives y z mu* oxyg5 z y ask =4 ,all y d is brea!4 ,a %ort brea? draws a %ort squirt ( oxyg51 :ile deep1 rapid brea?+ br+s =? l>ge %ots 9 rapid succession4 ,! regulator c be set to cons]ve oxyg51 or to give y #ajj oxyg51 reg>dless ( ! altitude y are fly+4 ,?is is gov]n$ by ! position ( ! ,auto-,mix 7,,air7 lev]4 ,,auto-,,mix 7,,air7 ,,on 7or ,,normal ,,oxyg57 is ! position = r\t9e use4 ,?is saves oxyg54 7#a7 ,gives a mixture ( air & oxyg53 #aj1jjj feet -- approx4 #cj oxyg5 #ah1jjj feet -- approx4 #fe oxyg5 #bf1jjj feet -- approx4 #he oxyg5 #cj1jjj feet -- approx4 #ajj oxyg5 ,"u ! above conditions1 s f> z oxyg5 is conc]n$1 y are at gr\nd level4 7#b7 ,use oxyg5 f gr\nd level on night missions to prev5t night bl9dness4 7#c7 ,increas$ altitude increases oxyg5 supply ,,automatically4 7#d7 ,p]c5tage ( oxyg5 deliv]$ keeps y at gr\nd level effici5cy4 7#e7 ,%ips oxyg5 supply1 *>g$ to #dej p\nds la/s #aj m5 f #g to #i h\rs4 7#bj1jjj to #cj1jjj feet74 ,,auto-,,mix 7,,air7 ,,(f 7or #ajj oxyg57 -- us$ :5 ord]$ by fir/ pilot1 & on special occasions4 7#a7 ,gives #ajj oxyg51 on dem&1 reg>dless ( altitude4 7#b7 ,us$ on special occasions3 7a7 ,to casualties suff]+ f3 #a4 ,loss ( blood4 #b4 ,%ock4 #c4 ,pass+ out f oxyg5 lack 7reviv$74 7b7 ,regulator n giv+ en\gh oxyg5 9 ,,on position 7blue f+] nails-beg9n+ to feel pleas$ ) y\rself74 7c7 ,to avoid gas poison+ if y l& 9 a gass$ area )\t gas masks4 7d7 ,to flu% nitrog5 gas f body fluids :5 go+ above #cj1jjj feet1 help+ to prev5t b5ds4 7#c7 ,%ip's oxyg5 supply1 *>g$ to #dej p\nds1 la/s #f h\rs or less4 ,,! ,,em]g5cy ,,valve ,,is ,,dang]\s -- x %\ld be us$ ) extreme caution4 ,a :ole sy/em c be deplet$ ( oxyg5 9 an h\r or less if ! em]g5cy is op5$ only a qu>t] ( a turn4 ,em]g5cy ,,on *anges regulator into a con/ant fl[ sy/em & wa/es preci\s oxyg54 ,use only to revive an unconsci\s crew memb] or to *eck l9e to make sure x is cle>4 ,always make sure t ,em]g5cy is ,,tightly ,,turn$ ,,(f be=e %ip leaves ! gr\nd4 ,,note3 ,don't be confus$ by ! diff]5ce 9 appe>ance ( dem& regulators manufactur$ by v>i\s companies 7see ,fig4 #i74 ,,!y ,,all ,,"w ,,! ,,same4 ,,portable ,,oxyg5 ,,equipm5t ,a ,,portable ,,re*>g] ,,hose is available at e /ation 9 ! %ip4 ,e crew memb] %\ld "k _! location s well t !y c be locat$ imm$iately1 ev5 on ! d>ke/ night4 ,9 addition1 !re is a long re*>g] hose = fill+ ! ball turret oxyg5 cyl9d]4 7,b-#ag-;,f74 ,:5 draw+ oxyg5 ?r\gh a portable re*>g] ! refill] valve mu/ engage ! fill] nozzle ,,tightly1 o!rwise oxyg5 leaks ar\nd ! connection & is lo/4 ,! oxyg5 supply ( an entire sy/em has be5 wa/$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,,freez+ or ,,/ick+ ( refill] valve is n uncommon at extremely l[ temp]atures4 ,always *eck ?is aft] refill+ y\r walk-ar\nd4 ,a /uck valve w quickly deplete ! entire supply ( oxyg5 9 t sy/em4 ,if ! valve is /uck plug 9 a walk-ar\nd bottle & leave x !re4 ,,uses ,,( ,,! ,,walk-,,ar\nd ,,bottle -- 7#a7 ,z an ,,accessory ,,regulator -- ! ,a-#ac regulator on ! walk-ar\nd bottle is a dem& type regulator )\t ! auto-mix feature4 ,x gives #ajj oxyg5 on inspiration reg>dless ( ! altitude4 ,by connect+ ! walk-ar\nd bottle ,,firmly into ! portable re*>g] valve1 "o has an extra s\rce ( oxyg5 at t p>ticul> /ation4 ,z long z ! oxyg5 gauge at ! /ation regi/]s oxyg5 pressure ! us] is assur$ a supply ( pure oxyg5 444 8 supply is com+ directly f ! sy/em4 ,rememb] ?is :5 reviv+ a pass$ out crew mate 9 ! wai/ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ball turret--! long re*>g] hose us$ to *>ge ! oxyg5 bottle on ! ball turret c be plugg$ directly into a walk-ar\nd bottle atta*$ to ! unconsci\s crew memb]'s mask4 ,if o!r long re*>g] hoses c be obta9$ f ,te* ,supply !y w be extremely h&y atta*$ at ! pilots /ation1 9 ! bomb bay & to ! re*>g] outlet at ! "r wai/ gunn]'s /ation4 ,?is w\ld p]mit ! eng9e]1 :o 9 flight is cont9u\sly fill+ 8 walk-ar\nd bottle1 consid]able lib]ty4 ,he c\ld cov] mo/ ( ! %ip1 /ak$ out on a long re*>g] hose connect$ to 8 walk-ar\nd bottle4 ,x w\ld also provide a readily accessible s\rce ( oxyg5 to revive crew memb]s :o pick su* out-(-!-way places to pass out z3 ! bomb bay cat-walk1 ! bomb bay doors1 "u ! flight deck1 or 9 "s remote "p ( ! wai/4 ,"o or two ext5sion portable re*>g] hoses %[n 9 photograph page #bb %\ld be /&>d equipm5t 9 heavy bomb]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e ,,ext5sion ,,re*>g] ,,hose 7#b7 ,,s\rce ,,( ,,oxyg5 ,,= ,,bail-,,out -- ,above #bj1jjj feet1 brea?+ ( oxyg5 is necess>y to rea* y\r p>ticul> escape hat*4 ,aft] ?is spot is ga9$ y won't ne$ oxyg5 444 unless y />t fiddl+ ) ! rip-cord too soon4 ,g to y\r exit on ! walk-ar\nd bottle1 fill y\r lungs deeply five or six times f ! bottle1 ,,hold ,,y\r ,,brea?1 & take ! dive4 ,cont9ue to hold y\r brea? dur+ ! desc5t z long z possible4 ,by ! "t y\r lungs are bur/+ = air y'll be f #h to #aj1jjj feet ne>] ! gr\nd & won't ne$ extra oxyg54 ,leave ! mask on--x w protect y\r face4 ,if ! skies are fill$ ) enemy planes x may be wise to cont9ue ! free fall4 ,by n[ y c />t brea?+ )\t dang] ( s]i\s oxyg5-lack4 ,any dimm+ ( m5tal acuity w\ld be ( su* %ort duration t y'd h pl5ty ( "t to pull ! ripcord4 ,,practice ,,go+ ,,to ,,y\r ,,escape ,,hat* ,,on ,a ,,walk-,,ar\nd ,,bottle ,,dur+ ,,op]ational ,,tra9+ -- ,,practice ,,on ,,j ,,h[ ,,y ,,w\ld ,,cle> ,,! ,,%ip -- ,,g ,,?r\gh ,,all ,,( ,,! ,,r\t9e ,,except ,,! ,,bail\t & t might n be "t wa/$1 at lea/ j once be=e ! "t comes :5 y might h to6 ,above #cj1jjj feet y w\ldn't want to op5 y\r '*ute ev5 if y _h pl5ty ( oxyg54 ,y'd freeze a h& or foot or bo? if y did4 ,"u ^! conditions y'd free fall1 hold+ y\r brea?1 z long z possible4 ,!n1 aft] ?ree or f\r brea?s ( ?9 air1 pull ! rip cord4 ,y\r altitude %\ld be 9 ! vic9ity ( #aj1jjj to #ab1jjj feet bel[ t :5 y ab&on$ %ip1 & ! degree ( oxyg5-lack enc\nt]$ "h w\ldn't be ( dang]\s consequ5ce4 ,y'll avoid freez+1 & p]haps ! gunfire ( enemy int]ceptors4 7#c7 ,,to ,,move ,,ab\t ,,! ,,%ip ,= ?is ! walk-ar\nd bottle is v useful 444 & v tricky6 ,! tr\ble is t ! ?+ is good only z long z x gives oxyg54 ,x w r>ely1 if ev]1 be fully *>g$ s =get t #h to #ab m9ute /uff4 ,y c't fill y\r bottle any full] ?an ! pressure 9 ! l9e y'll be draw+ f4 ,& ! only "t t w be fully *>g$ is :5 ! %ip is on ! gr\nd1 fre%ly *>g$ ) oxyg51 ready = ! take-(f4 ,:5 y ne$ ! walk-ar\nd bottle1 ?ree or f\r h\rs w h pass$ 444 & ! pressure 9 y\r fill+ l9e w be "s fraction ( ! full *>ge4 ,z a rule y'll d well to get ! bottle half *>g$4 ,& y're go+ to be mov+ ab\t at altitude & ne$+ #c to #e times z mu* oxyg5 z if y 7 sitt+ quietly 9 a corn]4 ,s plan on ! walk-ar\nd supply la/+ #a to #b m9utes 444 !n y won't be caught %ort ,refill ! bottle frequ5tly4 ,refill x e "t y pass a portable re*>g] hose 444 & !re's "o at e /ation4 ,failure to d ?is has caus$ m pass-outs 9 second & ?ird phase tra9+ ?an any o!r s+le cause 444 unless y include c>elessness4 ,& c>eless p don't la/ long 9 ! k9d ( "w y're specializ+ 96 ,!re's a *eck-valve on ! walk-ar\nd bottle1 s y won't lose any?+ if y plug into a sy/em t reads less ?an ! gauge on ! bottle4 ,,note ,,to ,,eng9e]s3 ,because ( its limit$ supply1 ! /&>d walk-ar\nd bottle is next to useless = _m ( y\r jobs :i* mu/ be done 9 flight on a walk-ar\nd bottle4 ,! ,,eng9e] ,,ne$s ,a ,,l>g] ,,walk-,,ar\nd ,,bottle4 ,"o1 hav+ a supply #e ,,times ,,z ,,great z ! /&>d portable cyl9d]1 c be obta9$ z foll[s3 ,obta9 a ,d-#b oxyg5 cyl9d] 7/ock ,no4 #eejj-cddjbj - class #jc,k7 f ,air ,corps ,supply4 ,remove ! ,a-#ac regulator assembly f a /&>d walk-ar\nd bottle4 ,remove ! spud f "o end ( ! ,d-#b cyl9d] & screw ! ,a-#ac regulator 9 tightly4 ,fill to #djj p4s4i4 & leave ov]night to det]m9e if pressure is ma9ta9$ or lo/ due to a leak4 7,a drop ( #be to #ej p\nds w occur 9 ! abs5ce ( a leak due to cool+ ( ! oxyg5 :i* w>m$ up :5 ! cyl9d] 0 *>g$74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f ,d-#b ,,walk-,,ar\nd ,,bottle ,= leaks "h or else:]e 9 an oxyg5 sy/em use ! foll[+ anti-sieze & seal+ comp\nd on ! pipe ?reads3 ,pione] ,antisieze ,no4 #b41 ,class #if;,b1 ,/ock no4 #gejj-jejhjj4 ,nev] use a seal+ comp\nd :i* conta9s oil4 ,a satisfactory bag ) %\ld] /rap = c>ry+ ! walk-ar\nd bottle :5 9 use c be made f heavy twill or canvas by ! p>a*ute dep>tm5t4 ,,em]g5cy ,,oxyg5 ,,equipm5t ,9 addition to y\r %ip's regul> oxyg5 supply1 y w take em]g5cy oxyg5 rations along on combat missions4 ,if practical y w also h sev]al extra masks on bo>d4 ,"k :]e !y are /or$4 7#a7 ,bo? ( ! l[ pressure walk-ar\nd bottles %\ld be kept z full z possible-- y nev] "k :5 y may ne$ !m4 ,if full1 ! small walk-ar\nd bottle is good = only a few m9utes1 ! l>ge = #cj to #de m9utes1 dep5d+ on y\r activity4 7#b7 ,high pressure equipm5t4 a4 ,a-#b bottle ) bag-mask4 7,fig4 #g7 ,9 "s !at]s ea* combat crewman is issu$ ?is equipm5t4 ,! high pressure bottle is fully *>g$ to #ahjj & w la/ approximately #de m9utes to "o h\r4 ,x is us$ ) ! cont9u\s fl[ mask4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g ,a-#b ,,oxyg5 ,,bottle ,,) ,,bag ,,mask b4 ,bail-out bottle4 7,fig4 #h7 ,?is small high pressure cyl9d] is a la/ resort s\rce ( em]g5cy oxyg54 ,x conta9s approximately #ab m9utes supply4 ,! old /yle bottle 7,h-#a7 is equipp$ ) a pipe /em :i* is held betwe5 ! tee?4 ,a new] bail-out bottle 7,h-#b7 has a bayonet connection s x c be us$ ) an ,a-#ad mask ) bail-out adapt] 7see fig4 #h74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h ,,bail ,,out ,,bottles ,,pressure ,,gage ,y\r oxyg5 pressure gage regi/]s f #dej p\nds to z]o4 ,,wat* ,,y\r ,,pressure ,,gage6 ,except "u extreme em]g5cy1 don't run ! pressure d[n "u #ej p\nds 4444 if y d !re's dang] ( moi/ure gett+ into y\r refill] l9e4 ,!n ! next "t y g to high altitude y'll h tr\ble ) freez+ 9 ! oxyg5 l9e4 ,,fl[ ,,indicator ,ei!r ! b\nc+ ball or bl9k+ eye w be at ea* /ation1 dep5d+ on ! v9tage ( y\r %ip4 ,only old] %ips w be equipp$ ) ! b\nc+ ball :i* is no long] manufactur$4 ,^! indicators d n tell ,,h[ ,,mu* oxyg5 y are gett+ 444 !y m]ely indicate t "s oxyg5 is fl[+ ?r\gh ! sy/em :5 y take a brea?4 ,!y may be work+ ,o4,k4 ev5 ?\gh y\r oxyg5 supply is inadequate4 ,! ,,color ,,( ,,y\r ,,f+] ,,nails is a bett] guide to ! am\nt ( oxyg5 y are gett+1 provid+ y\r h&s are w>m4 ,if !y become blui% above #bj1jjj feet *eck mask & connections = leak4 ,naturally1 y won't remove y\r gloves to look at y\r f+] nails if ! temp]ature is #bj or #cj degrees bel[ z]o4 ,if no leak is f\nd1 swit* ! ,auto-,mix to ! ,,(f position & note if ?+s improve4 ,,in=m ,,y\r ,,pilot ,,if ,,auto ,,mix ,,if ,,left ,,(f & y\r mission is a long "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i ,illu/ration3 ,,pre-,,flight ,,*eck #a--,,mask4 fit & *eck wa%] #b--;,,connection4 #ab lb4 pull2 adju/ prongs to fit snugly #c--;,,hose ,,clamp #d--,,regulator4 diaphragm2 knurl$ nut tight auto-mix on2 smoo? motion2 em]g5cy (f #e--,,pressure )9 #ej lbs4 ( initial pressure2 )9 #be lbs ( o!r gauges4 ,,9 ,,! ,,air3 7#a7 ,*eck = leak by blockage & g5tly inhalation ea* "t mask is remov$ & replac$4 7#b7 ,*eck oxyg5 fl[ indicator at regul> int]vals4 ,also1 ,,*eck ,,color ,,( ,,nails ,,at ,,regul> ,,int]vals -- if blue above #bj1jjj feet turn ,auto-,mix to ,,(f position4 7#c7 ,*eck oxyg5 pressure gauge frequ5tly4 7#d7 ,if temp]ature is bel[ freez+1 manipulate mask to free x ( ice at regul> int]vals4 ,wip+ moi/ure f mask p]iodically w prev5t freez+ ( mask4 7#e7 ,op5 ,,em]g5cy fl[ only :5 absolutely necess>y 444 notify pilot4 7#f7 ,ov] #bh1jjj feet swit* ,auto-,mix to ,(f position 444 turn back to ,,on position bel[ ?is altitude4 7#g7 ,re-fill walk-ar\nd bottle frequ5tly :5 y are us+ x at altitude4 7#h7 ,avoid unnecess>y ex]cise above #bj1jjj feet 444 take y\r "t6 7#i7 ,obs]ve y\r fell[ crew memb] at frequ5t int]vals above #bj1jjj feet4 ,y c recognize be=e he c if he's 9 tr\ble4 ,,on ,,return ,,to ,,field 7#a7 ,wipe mask dry4 ,x %\ld be ?or\ghly cleans$ ) soap & wat] 7inside7 aft] #aj to #ad h\rs use4 ,be sure t exhau/ flutt] valve is kept clean4 7#b7 ,inspect mask = leaks or cracks 9 face-piece4 7#c7 ,*ange /rap adju/m5t only to take up natural /ret* slack4 7#d7 ,l5d y\r mask only 9 extreme em]g5cy4 7#e7 ,protect y\r mask f hot sun1 moi/ure1 & r\gh treatm5t4 7#f7 ,report all defective oxyg5 equipm5t to gr\nd crew & to p]sonal equipm5t (fic] imm$iately on l&+4 ,see t x has be5 repair$ or replac$ be=e ano!r altitude mission4 ,,oxyg5 ,,sy/ems ,,9 ,,! ,b-#ag ,! ,army ,air ,=ces use ! l[ pressure sy/em 7maximum *>ge #dej p\nds p] squ>e in*7 9 pref]5ce to ! high pressure sy/em 7#ahjj p\nds p] squ>e in*7 = ^! reasons3 7#a7 ,cyl9d]s d n explode :5 hit4 7#b7 ,d n rocket f moor+s :5 hit4 7#c7 ,less *ance = fire or fla% burns4 ,a diagrammatic sket* ( ! ,,f\r diff]5t oxyg5 sy/ems is %[n on page #ch4 ,,e crew memb] %\ld ?or\ghly famili>ize himself ) ! location ( ea* regulator & ea* portable re*>g] hose4 ,! f\r sy/ems1 arrang$ two on a side1 (f] great advantages 9 combat ov] a s+le sy/em4 ,x is possible to r$i/ribute crew memb]s ^: sy/em has be5 %ot out & /ay 9 =mation4 ,ev]yone mu/ "k ^! alt]nate positions4 7page #da = ,b-#ag1 page #de = ,b-#bd74 ,,oxyg5 ,,cyl9d]s ,,note3 ,bas$ on combat exp]i5ces1 cont9u\s *anges are be+ made 9 ! oxyg5 sy/ems & oxyg5 supply 9 heavy bomb]s4 ,! foll[+ consid]ations apply only to ! type ( %ip specifi$4 ,new] models & %ips modifi$ at /ag+ areas may be diff]5t bo? 9 arrangem5t & numb] ( oxyg5 cyl9d]s4 ,,"k ! oxyg5 supply = ,,y\r ,,/ation ,,9 ,,y\r ,,%ip4 ,two types are f\nd 9 ! ,b-#ag4 ,,eighte5 ,g-#a cyl9d]s conta9 ! ma9 supply :i* is di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! f\r sy/ems4 ,all are fill$ ?r\gh a s+le re*>g+ l9e4 ,! ,g-#a cyl9d] has a volume ( #bajj cubic in*es & conta9s #cj cubic feet ( oxyg5 :5 *>g$ to a pressure ( #dej p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,9 combat ! cyl9d]s are *>g$ to #dej p\nds or bett] 7all cyl9d]s h be5 te/$ to )/& #gjj p\nds pressure74 ,ea* cyl9d] is *eck-valv$ s t "o ( a bank ( cyl9d]s may be %ot out ) loss ( no oxyg5 f ! rema9+ intact cyl9d]s4 ,betwe5 #bj1jjj & #cj1jjj feet1 "o ,g-#a cyl9d] *>g$ to #dej p\nds w la/ "o man approximately #e h\rs 7,auto-,mix on74 ,,turrets3 ,! turrets on ! e>li] models 7,b-#ag;,f7 are suppli$ ) ,f-l type cyl9d]s hav+ a capacity ( approximately #ad cubic feet :5 fully *>g$ to #dej p\nds4 ,"u ^! conditions a fully *>g$ bottle la/s "o man approximately #b h\rs4 7,note3 ^! bottles are re*>g$ f ! %ip's supply dur+ flight1 s x w n be possible to fully *>ge !m aft] sev]al h\rs ( flight on oxyg54 ,!y w be no full] ?an ! pressure 9 ! sy/em f :i* !y are *>g$--front left sy/em = top turret2 re> left sy/em = ball turret74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj ,,oxyg5 ,,sy/ems ,b-#ag;,g ,b-#ag;,g models are modifi$ s t ! turrets are suppli$ oxyg5 directly ?r\gh a flexible hose -- ! top turret f ! front left sy/em -- ! ball turret f ! re> "r sy/em4 ,! same *anges may be f\nd 9 ! ball turret ( ! ,b-#bd4 ,,comput+ ,,oxyg5 ,,duration ,sev]al memb]s ( ! crew mu/ be able to calculate ! duration ( ! oxyg5 supply4 ,! foll[+ simple proc$ure w p]mit a fairly accurate e/imate ( ea* sy/ems duration4 ,! figures are bas$ on altitudes betwe5 #bj1jjj & #cj1jjj feet :]e ! majority ( y\r combat fly+ w take place4 ,g-#a ,,cyl9d]s -- full *>ge #dej p\nds -- ea* cyl9d] equals #e man h\rs4 ,,=mula3 #e 7man h\rs7 x numb] ( intact cyl9d]s x actual pressure_/#djj divid$ by numb] ( m5 us+ oxyg5 f sy/em ,,duration 9 h\rs4 ,examples3 ,,front ,,left ,,sy/em - #e cyl9d]s -- full *>ge to #dej p\nds #be man h\rs4 #c intact cyl9d]s 7#b %ot out71 pressure #bjj p\nds1 pilot & navigator on sy/em4 #e x #c x #bjj_/djj x #a_/b #c plus h\rs4 ,= #c m53 #e x #c x #bjj_/djj x #a_/c #b plus h\rs4 ,,front ,,"r ,,sy/em3 #d cyl9d]s - full *>ge to #dej p\nds #bj man h\rs4 ,example3 #d cyl9d]s1 pressure #afj p\nds1 bomb>di]1 co-pilot1 & eng9e] on sy/em4 #e x #d x l#fj_/djj x #a_/c #b plus h\rs ,,left ,,re> ,,sy/em3 #f cyl9d]s - full *>ge to #dej p\nds #cj man h\rs4 ,example3 #f cyl9d]s1 pressure #bjj p\nds1 radio op]ator ball turret gunn]1 left wai/ gunn] & tail gunn] on sy/em4 #e x #f x #bjj_/djj x #a_/d #c h\rs ,,"r ,,re> ,,sy/em3 #c cyl9d]s - full *>ge to #dej p\nds #ae man h\rs4 ,example3 #c cyl9d]s1 pressure #cjj p\nds1 two m5 on sy/em4 #e x #c x #cjj_/djj x #a_/b #e plus h\rs ,left re> sy/em out - ,,ro1 ,,aro1 ,,ae & two ,,ag's on "r re> sy/em4 #e x #c x #cjj_/djj x #a_/e #b h\rs4 ,f-#a ,,cyl9d] -- ball turret -- full *>ge to #djj p\nds #b plus h\rs #b 7man h\rs7 x #abj_/djj #j4e plus h\rs 7#cj plus m97 ,,alt]native ,,positions ,,9 ,,em]g5cy 7,b-#ag;,g7 ,left front sy/em out3 ,navigator on walk-ar\nd bottle plugg$ into ,bomb>di]'s re*>g] hose4 ,pilot uses ,eng9e]'s regulator hose f "r front sy/em4 ,"r front sy/em out3 ,bomb>di] on walk-ar\nd bottle plugg$ into ,navigator's re*>g] hose4 ,eng9e] same on ,pilot's re*>g] hose4 ,copilot on top turret regulator hose 7hose too %ort 9 lat] models74 ,left re> sy/em out3 ,,ro on "o regulator f across aisle4 ,,aro on regulator "r radio comp>tm5t4 ,,ae on walk-ar\nd bottle on re*>g] hose1 "r radio comp>tm5t4 ,,ag on wai/ regulator1 "r4 ,,ag on tail regulator1 "r4 ,"r re> sy/em out3 ,,ro regul> position4 ,,aro on bomb bay regulator4 ,,ae on walk-ar\nd bottle plugg$ to ball turret re*>g] hose4 ,,ag on wai/ regulator1 left4 ,,ag on tail regulator1 left4 ,,oxyg5 ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,! ,b-#bd ,l ! ,b-#ag1 ! ,b-#bd is equipp$ ) a l[ pressure oxyg5 sy/em4 ,location ( ! cyl9d]s & di/ribution ( ! l9es1 h[ev]1 is entirely diff]5t4 ,! oxyg5 sy/em v>ies some:at 9 ! diff]5t model %ips & 9 individual %ips4 ,9 ! ,b-#bd ,d 7beg9n+ ) ,s]ial ,no4 #db-djbah7 to ! ,b-#bd ,h1 h[ev]1 ! sy/em is ess5tially z describ$ bel[4 ,"s ( ! m9or v>iations w be not$1 includ+ *anges to ! supply = ! nose positions 9 late ,t models4 ,,famili>ize ,,y\rself ,,) ,,! ,,oxyg5 ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,y\r ,,own ,,%ip4 ,,oxyg5 ,,cyl9d]s3 ,!re are #bb type ,g-#a cyl9d]s arrang$ 9 eight sy/ems 7see diagram on page #dg;,b74 ,sixte5 cyl9d]s are bank$ above ! bomb-bay4 ,! rema9+ six are buri$ 9 ! floor ( ! re> fuselage comp>tm5t4 ,!re are also two small] 7type ,d#b7 cyl9d]s atta*$ to ! *air ( ! top-turret gunn]4 ,^! are n connect$ to ! ma9 sy/em b mu/ be *>g$ f a portable re*>g] l9e4 ,! ma9 sy/em is *>g$ f a s+le fill] valve locat$ 9 ! left side ( ! bomb bay4 ,ea* ,g-#a cyl9d]1 :5 *>g$ to #dej p\nds p] squ>e in*1 conta9s #cj cubic feet ( oxyg51 & w la/ "o man approximately #e h\rs betwe5 #bj1jjj & #cj1jjj feet 7,auto-,mix on74 ,,di/ribution ,,sy/ems3 ,! sy/ems diff] radically f ^? ( ! ,b-#ag4 ,9 models up ?r\gh ,h to e>ly ,j ea* individual draws f at lea/ two or ?ree cyl9d]s4 ,) ! exception ( ! nose positions !re is a maximum ( two m5 on ! same sy/em4 ,z %[n 9 ! diagramatic sket* 7page #dg;,b71 ! pilot1 co-pilot1 side gunn]s1 & tail gunn] ea* h _! own individual sy/em ( at lea/ two ,g-#a bottles4 ,9 ! ,g1 ,h & e>ly ,j s]ies ! ?ree regulators 9 ! nose are suppli$ by a s+le sy/em conta9+ only ?ree oxyg5 cyl9d]s4 7diagram page #dg;,b74 ,?is is inadequate4 ,! lat] ,j models h a modifi$ sy/em to ! nose :]e9 ! bomb bay - radio op]ator sy/em is ,tee'd into ! supply to ! nose positions4 ,?is br+s to a total ( six oxyg5 cyl9d]s = ! five /ations4 7diagram page #dg;,a74 ,s9ce ! regulators at ! radio op]ator & bomb bay /ations are n us$ cont9u\sly dur+ combat missions1 ?is modification to ! nose positions is adequate4 ,fur!r1 ! connections 9 ! l9es lead+ to ! nose are su* t ! nose positions are suppli$ individually z well z collectively s t loss ( ! supply to "o sy/em does n necess>ily deplete ! o!r sy/ems4 ,,"k ,,! ,,oxyg5 ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,y\r ,,%ip4 ,! bottom turret & cam]a tunnel regulators are suppli$ by ! same sy/em conta9+ ?ree cyl9d]s4 ,,alt]native ,,positions ,,9 ,,em]g5cy3 ,9 case ( loss ( ! entire oxyg5 supply ( any "o sy/em1 ! affect$ crew memb] may move to any o!r conv5i5t regulator 9 ! %ip ) ^! exceptions3 7#a7 ,! nose gunn] may n move to ! navigator-bomb>di] regulator if ! entire sy/em is out4 7#b7 ,! radio op]ator may n move to ! bomb-bay regulator if ! entire sy/em is out4 7#c7 ,! bottom turret gunn] may n move to ! cam]a tunnel regulator4 ,?is is true because e /ation1 ) ^! ?ree exceptions1 has its own individual oxyg5 supply4 ,! use ( ! walk-ar\nd bottle is ! same z t describ$ = ! ,b-#ag4 7,page #bj74 ,,duration ,,( ,,oxyg5 ,,supply3 ,) ! pres5t sy/em 9 ! ,b-#bd1 ea* man has approximately #i h\rs oxyg5 supply at #cj1jjj feet ) ! ,auto-,mix on4 ,h[ev]1 x occasionally becomes necess>y 9 em]g5cies to calculate ! residual oxyg5 supply4 ,?is c be done by ! simple =mula giv5 on page #bd3 #e 7man h\rs7 x no4 ( intact cyl9d]s x actual pressure_/#djj divid$ by no4 ( m5 us+ ! sy/em4 ,application ( ?is =mula is mu* simpl] 9 ! ,b-#bd1 s9ce usually only "o1 & at ! mo/ two1 m5 are us+ a s+le sy/em4 ,,v>iations3 ,! exact location ( ! dem& regulators 9 a %ip is v>iable1 dep5d+ ^u ! model1 place ( in/allation1 etc4 ,x is extremely important t y famili>ize y\rself ) ! location ( ! regulators 9 y\r %ip1 s t y c move f "o to ! o!r 9 d>kness1 9 case ( em]g5cy4 ,_m ( ! ,b-#bd ,h models h two extra regulators3 "o 9 ! nose1 & "o 9 ! tail4 ,!re is also v>iation 9 ! location ( ! portable re*>g+ hose = ! top-turret bottles4 ,?is is locat$ 9 ! "r side ( ! %ip 9 mo/ e>li] models1 b 9 ! left side 9 lat] models4 ,fundam5tally1 h[ev]1 ! sy/em 9 all %ips comm5c+ ) ,no4 #db-djbah1 is z describ$ above4 ,x is up to y to famili>ize y\rself ) any m9or diff]5ces 9 y\r %ip4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa ,,oxyg5 ,,sy/em ,b-#bd;,j ,,modifi$ ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab ,,oxyg5 ,,sy/em ,b-#bd;,d to ,h ,,s]vic+ ,,! ,,oxyg5 ,,in/allation ,,9 ,,! ,b-#ag1 ,b-#bd & ,b-#bi ,,caution3 ,always h a r$uc+ valve betwe5 high pressure supply cyl9d]s & %ip's oxyg5 sy/em4 #a4 ,atta* re*>g] hoses to cyl9d]s ( bo? turrets 9 ,b-#ag or ,b-#bd4 #b4 ,op5 valves on bo? comm]cial1 high pressure cyl9d]s on re*>g] c>t4 #c4 ,turn 9 r$uc+ valve on re*>g+ c>t to #ajj p\nds 9 ! l[ pressure gage4 #d4 ,ins]t nipple ( hose f re*>g] c>t into fill] valve ( plane j inside nose escape hat* 7,b-#ag7 or left side ( fuselage 7,b-#bd & ,b-#bi74 #e4 ,fully op5 valve at end ( hose & wait until oxyg5 /ops fl[+4 #f4 ,turn up r$uc+ valve on c>t to #bjj p\nds & all[ oxyg5 to fl[ until x ceases4 ,turn up re*>g] valve to #cjj p\nds & aga9 wait = %ip's conta9]s & supply pressure to equalize4 ,turn up re*>g] valve to #dej p\nds & wait until oxyg5 fl[ ceases entirely4 #g4 ,*eck pressure gauges 9 %ip to make sure t all regi/] 9 ! neighborhood ( #dbe p\nds4 #h4 ,turn (f hose valve & remove nipple f fill] valve4 #i4 ,replace cov] ( fill] valve4 #aj4 ,disconnect fill] hoses f turret tanks4 ,,note3 ,purifi] c>tridge %\ld be *ang$ aft] dis*>ge ( e #a4f cyl9d]s ( oxyg54 7,t4,o4 #ai-a-b7 ,if ?is is n obs]v$ ! oxyg5 w conta9 moi/ure & freez+ 9 oxyg5 sy/em w occur at high altitude4 ,aft] ! oxyg5 9 ! tanks has _h "t to cool d[n1 pressure %\ld be 9 ! neighborhood ( #djj p\nds4 ,! same proc$ure mu/ be employ$ ev5 if "o or m ( ! sy/ems is already fully *>g$ s9ce !re is no way ( equaliz+ pressure among ! diff]5t manifolds4 ,d n attempt to use any sy/em 9 :i* ! pressure is less ?an #ej to #ge p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,"u ^! conditions ! oxyg5 fl[ is v weak4 ,m dang]\s is ! possibility ( moi/ure gett+ into ! oxyg5 l9e ?r\gh ! ma9 re*>g] valve4 ,?is w result 9 freez+ 9 ! l9e or "o ( ! regulators on ! next trip to high altitude4 ,,leaks ,,9 ,,oxyg5 ,,l9e ,leaks 9 oxyg5 l9es & be detect$ by pa9t+ oxyg5 tub+ ) a pa9tbru% & solution ( soap suds--soap bubbles appe> at ! site ( leak4 ,connection ( oxyg5 tub+ to nipples1 elb[s1 tees1 & regulators are made air-tight by apply+ an anti-sieze1 seal+ comp\nd to ! pipe ?reads 7see note1 page #bg74 ,,don',t use any?+ conta9+ ,,oil4 ,a good way to *eck entire oxyg5 sy/em = a leak is to h sy/ems *>g$ to #dej p\nds ! night be=e take-(f4 ,if ! pressure is less ?an #djj p\nds ! next morn+ a leak is pres5t4 ,,note3 ,a #ej p\nd drop 9 pressure c be anticipat$ due to cool+ (f ( oxyg5 aft] ! sy/em is *>g$4 ,,g5]al ,,rules ,,= ,,safe ,,h&l+ ,,( ,,oxyg5 ,,don',t use oil ) oxyg54 ,! reaction :5 ^! two sub/ances come 9 contact is m viol5t ?an ignit+ dynamite4 ,keep oil or grease away f oxyg5 cyl9d]s1 cyl9d] valves1 & o!r equipm5t4 ,clean h&s ( oil or grease be=e us+ oxyg5 app>atus4 ,,don',t we> greasy clo!s1 gloves1 etc41 :5 work+ ) oxyg54 ,oxyg5 w cause sub/ances ) m]ely a trace ( oil or grease !reon to burn ) great int5sity4 ,,don',t use inflammable sub/ances ne> oxyg54 ,oxyg5 itself w n burn b w greatly accel]ate combu/ion4 ,,pass+ ,,out ,,at ,,altitude ,!re are two ways to use oxyg5 equipm5t at altitude -- a "r & wrong4 ,don't be a fi% out ( wat] :5 y fly above #ah1jjj feet4 ,le>n h[ to use oxyg5 ! "r way ,,n[ - !n y won't h to re-le>n ! h>d way aft] an unpleasant exp]i5ce or two4 ,a few po9ts on reviv+ a fell[ crew memb] :o has pass$ out due to oxyg5 lack--an opportunity t may well be y\rs "s day6 7#a7 ,,keep ,,calm -- ,j because a man passes out f oxyg5 lack is no sign t he's at dea?'s door4 ,,take ,,y\r ,,"t4 ,rememb] y're go+ to ne$ ,,oxyg5 y\rself = ! job at h&4 ,if y don't he$ ?is1 !re'll be ,,two to revive in/ead ( only "o4 7#b7 ,,plan h[ y're go+ to revive ! victim--!n proce$ ) ! lea/ possible ex]tion to y\rself4 7#c7 ,,don',t attempt to drag or c>ry ! victim to a supply ( oxyg54 ,if he's n ne> a regulator hose1 take portable oxyg5 ,,to him4 ,take pl5ty -- #c or #e bottles -- "s = him1 pl5ty = y4 ,if he's ne> a regulator hose y're 9 luck4 ,connect 8 mask & ,,n[ use ! ,em]g5cy4 ,ord9>ily y'll almo/ bl[ him "r back onto 8 feet4 7#d7 ,,get ,,assi/ance4 ,h someone keep an eye on y1 & supply y ) refill$ walk-ar\nd bottles if ne$$4 7#e7 ,connect ! victim to a walk-ar\nd bottle4 ,ord9>ily he'll come to 9 a matt] ( seconds4 ,b wat* him4 ,he'll be pun* drunk & confus$ z to :at's go+ on4 7#f7 ,aft] he's empti$ "o bottle1 give him ano!r4 ,!n put him on a ?ird & assi/ him ,,on ,,8 ,,own ,,p[] to a regulator4 ,turn ! ,auto-,mix ,,(f & let him brea! pure oxyg5 = #e or #aj m9utes4 ,ord9>ily he'll be able to return to 8 regul> duties4 7#g7 ,if ! victim has be5 out = a numb] ( m9utes he may pres5t m ( a problem4 ,brea?+ becomes %all[ -- & ! dem& sy/em gives j :at is ask$ ( x -- a weak inspiration br+s a small squirt ( oxyg54 ,s1 y'll h to help him ) artificial respiration1 le>n x -- y\r flight surgeon w %[ y h[4 ,caution3 ,above #bj1jjj feet1 get assi/ance to give artificial respiration4 ,x w be /r5u\s "w -- a job = sev]al m51 n "o4 ,take turns ( "o to ?ree m9utes ea*4 ,,! ,b-#bi ,,at ,,high ,,altitude ,illu/ration ,! ,b-#bi is design$ to p]mit y to fly at high altitude )\t ! usual disadvantages ( extreme cold1 dim9i%$ pressure1 & decreas$ oxyg54 ,?is is done by ! use ( pressuriz$1 heat$ comp>tm5ts4 ,a highly effici5t oxyg5 sy/em is also incorporat$ 9 ! %ip = use :5 ! cab9s are unpressuriz$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac ,,pressure ,,cab9s ,!re are ?ree pressure comp>tm5ts 9 y\r %ip3 ,=word1 ,aft1 & ,tail4 7,see ,fig4 #ac74 ,! =w>d & aft cab9s are connect$ by a communicat+ tunnel runn+ ov] ! bomb-bay2 ! tail comp>tm5t is isolat$ :5 pressuriz$4 ,,op]ation3 ,! cab9s are pressuriz$ f ! sup]*>g]s ( ! two inbo>d eng9es4 ,y\r flight eng9e] controls ! air-fl[ f ^! sup]*>g]s1 p]mitt+ ! cab9 ,pressure ,regulators to automatically regulate ! air pressure )9 ! cab94 ,f gr\nd level to #h1jjj ft ! cab9s are n pressuriz$4 ,:5 ! cab9s are "u pressure1 y\r cab9 altitude w rema9 at #h1jjj ft1 :ile ! %ip is fly+ at any altitude up to #cj1jjj ft4 ,:5 y\r %ip gets ab\t #cj1jjj ft1 ! cab9 pressure w rise proportionately s t x rea*es ab\t #ab1jjj ft :5 ! %ip is at #dj1jjj ft4 7,see ,fig4 #ad = ?is pressure relation74 ,cab9 temp]ature is controll$ by !rmo/at4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad ,,em]g5cy ,,pressure ,,release4 ,s9ce all em]g5cy doors op5 91 cab9 pressure mu/ be releas$ 9 all em]g5cies4 ,?is is done by a valve controll$ by cable f3 #a4 ,pilot's seat #b4 ,beh9d ,r4,h4 side gunn] ,,:5 ,,d ,,y ,,ne$ ,,oxyg5 ,,9 ,a ,b-#bi8 ,z long z ! cab9 altitude is bel[ #aj1jjj ft y're ,o4,k4 )\t oxyg54 ,,y ,,mu/ ,,use ,,oxyg5 :5 ! ,,cab9 ,,altitude goes ,,above #aj1jjj feet4 ,?is may occur3 #a4 ,:5 y are fly+ unpressuriz$4 #b4 ,if y fly above #ce1jjj feet4 #c4 ,foll[+ explosive decompression 7,bl[n bli/]74 #d4 ,9 all em]g5cies above #aj1jjj feet 7,y\r ,pressure mu/ be releas$ s em]g5cy exits c be us$74 ,,oxyg5 ,,sy/em ,,g5]al3 ,y\r oxyg5 sy/em is a l[ pressure dem& sy/em ) #ad oxyg5 /ations correspond+ to ! v>i\s crew positions4 ,! sy/em utilizes ! same type ( equipm5t describ$ = ! ,heavy ,bomb]s3 #a4 ,a-#ad ,dem& ,mask 7,see ,pg4 #h-af74 #b4 ,a-#ab ,dem& ,regulator 7,see ,pg4 #ag-ai74 #c4 ,pressure ,indicator 7,pg4 #ca74 #d4 ,fl[ ,indicator 7,pg4 #ca74 #e4 ,eighte5 ,type ,g-#a l[ pressure cyl9d]s 7,pg4#cg74 ,,di/ribution3 ,9 ! e>li] ,b-#bi's1 ! oxyg5 cyl9d]s 7 locat$ 9 ! c5t] w+ section4 ,at pres5t1 h[ev]1 ! cyl9d]s are di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! aft-portion ( ! %ip4 ,reg>dless ( ! location ( cyl9d]s1 di/ribution is ess5tially ! same4 ,?is di/ribution is highly effici5t4 ,! entire loss ( ! ,o supply to sev]al crew positions has be5 practically elim9at$ by ! foll[+ pr9ciple4 #a4 ,,ea* ,,( ,,! ,,f\rte5 ,,oxyg5 ,,/ations ,,is ,,suppli$ ,,f ,,two ,,widely ,,sep>at$ ,,di/ribution ,,l9es ,,draw+ ,,f ,,at ,,lea/ ,,two ,,cyl9d]s ,,ea*4 ,,loss ,,( ,,"o ,,l9e ,,or ,,its ,,associat$ ,,cyl9d]s ,,/ill ,,leaves ,,ea* ,,/ation ,,) ,,an ,,alt]nate ,,s\rce ,,( ,,oxyg54 #b4 ,! entire sy/em is self-equaliz+ by use ( cross fe$s & automatic *eck valves4 ,if "p ( ! sy/em is %ot out1 all function+ /ations w h equal access to ! rema9+ supply4 ,brief /udy ( ! diagram ( ! oxyg5 supply to a typical ,b-#bi /ation 7,fig4 #ae7 w demon/rate ! safety factors ( ?is dual s\rce supply4 ,exact location ( e oxyg5 cyl9d] & supply l9e may be f\nd 9 ! late te* ord]s4 ,,portable ,,equipm5t ,two types ( walk-ar\nd bottles are furni%$ 9 ! ,b-#bi3 #a4 ,,sev5 ,d-#b ,,type ,,walk-,,ar\nds 7,see ,pg4 #be1 #bf74 ,,"o ,,at ,,ea* ,,( ,,foll[+ ,,positions3 ,,pilot1 ,,co-,,pilot1 ,,eng9e]1 ,,navigator1 ,,upp] ,,& ,,"r ,,gunn]s ,,& ,,rad> ,,op]ator4 #b4 ,a-#d ,,walk-,,ar\nd 7,see ,pg4 #bd7 ,"o at ea* rema9+ /ation4 ,,s]vic+3 ,see ,page #dg = s]vic+ in/ructions4 ,! fill] valve is locat$ on ! left side ( ! fuselage4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae ,,explosive ,,decompression ,) ! use ( pressuriz$ comp>tm5ts !re is a possibility ( explosive decompression4 ,?is is mo/ likely to occur if a bli/] is bl[n ei!r due to gunfire or a defective bli/]4 ,due to ! excess capacity ( ! sup]*>g]s1 small cab9 holes w n cause explosive decompression4 ,if explosive decompression occurr$ at #cj1jjj ft1 ! pressure altitude ( ! cab9s w\ld *ange f #h1jjj ft to #cj1jjj ft 9 less ?an "o second4 ,:at w\ld happ5 9 su* a case8 ,,physical ,,effects3 ,! human body is affect$ v little by explosive decompression4 ,,if ,,y ,,get ,,oxyg5 ,,y ,,w ,,suff] ,,no ,,h>mful ,,effect4 ,y may feel a little di/5sion ( ! belly or a little ru% ( air f ! lungs1 b ?is is g5]ally slight & ( no consequ5ce4 ,y\r e>s %\ld cle> automatically s9ce y are go+ up1 n d[n4 ,! only dang]s ( explosive decompression are z foll[s3 ,,dang]s3 #a4 ,tunnel -- ,dur+ an explosive decompression a high velocity w9d passes ?r\gh ! tunnel suffici5tly /rong to bl[ a man out ! exits1 & cause s]i\s injury4 ,! new] %ips w h tunnel doors ) small port hole op5+s2 ?is w elim9ate ?is dang]4 ,9 %ips n equipp$ 9 ?is fa%ion1 ,,nobody ,,%\ld ,,ent] ,,! ,,tunnel ,,:5 ,,! ,,%ip ,,is ,,pressuriz$4 #b4 ,bli/] -- ,,always ,,fa/5 ,,y\r ,,safty ,,belt at ! bli/] :5 ! %ip is pressuriz$4 ,o!rwise y may be bl[n out ( ! %ip by an explosive decompression4 ,also be c]ta9 t y\r mask is secur$ to y\r helmet1 or x w be bl[n f ! %ip4 ,,:at ,,to ,,d8 ,! important ?+ 9 explosive decompression is to get oxyg5 rapidly4 ,to get oxyg5 rapidly y ,,mu/ at all times3 #a4 ,we> y\r helmet ) ! mask atta*$-let ! mask hang f ! helmet4 ,o!rwise y may lose y\r mask & helmet4 #b4 ,keep ! regulator hose clipp$ to y\r clo?+ & y\r mask plugg$ 94 ,9 case ( explosive decompression1 adju/ y\r mask to ! face & fa/5 ! hook on y\r helmet4 ,y w !n be ,o4,k4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af ,,high ,,altitude ,,bail-,,out ,if y mu/ bail out above #bj1jjj feet1 use ! ,,freefall ,,te*nique describ$ on page #bc except t y h an additional oxyg5 s\rce = bail out4 ,use ! ,h-#b cyl9d] connect$ to y\r ,a-#ad mask 7,fig4 #af7 z an oxyg5 supply ,,dur+ ,,free ,,fall4 ,j be=e jump+1 pull ! rip cord release on y\r ,h-#b cyl9d]4 ,,d ,,n ,,op5 ,,y\r ,,*ute ,,at ,,high ,,altitude4 --,,reproduc$ ,,by-- ,reproduction ,dept4 ,army ,air ,field ,l9coln1 ,nebr4 #aj-ah-dd #bj ,m ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 #a4 ,orig9al pr9t$ title ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,oxyg5 ,,equipm5t ,,9 ,,! ,b-#ag1 ,b-#bd1 ,b-#bi ,,= ,,comat ,,crews 0 correct$ to ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,oxyg5 ,,equipm5t ,,9 ,,! ,b-#ag1 ,b-#bd1 ,b-#bi ,,= ,,combat ,,crews #b4 ,9 ! text1 phrases t 7 und]l9$ = emphasis 9 ! orig9al are %[n 9 ?is file ) und]scores surr\nd+ ! emphasiz$ text1 l ?is4