,,cwru ,pres]vation ,dep>tm5t ,digital ,libr>y ,,umbrellas ,,& ,,_! ,,hi/ory ,by ,william ,sang/] ,munim5 ad imbres4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,umbrella ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,umbrella ,,9 ,,engl& ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,p>a*ute ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,umbrella ,,/ories ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,reg5]ation ,,( ,,! ,,umbrella ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory4 ,c x be possibly believ$1 by ! pres5t em95tly practical g5]ation1 t a busy p l ! ,engli%1 ^: div]sifi$ occupations s cont9ually expose !m to ! *ances & *anges ( a prov]bially fickle sky1 _h ev] be5 ignorant ( ! bless+s be/[$ on !m by t de>e/ & true/ fri5d 9 ne$ & 9 de$1 ! ,,umbrella8 ,c y1 g5tle read]1 = in/ance1 realise to y\rself ! idea ( a man n possess+ su* a conv5i5ce = ra9y wea!r8 ,:y s mu* unm]it$ ridicule %\ld be p\r$ ^u ! head 7or h&le7 ( ! devot$ ,umbrella1 x is h>d to say4 ,:at is !re comic 9 an ,umbrella8 ,pla91 useful1 & unpret5d+1 if any ( man's inv5tions ev] des]v$ s9c]e reg>d1 ! ,umbrella is1 we ma9ta91 t inv5tion4 ,only a few ye>s back ^? :o c>ri$ ,umbrellas 7 held to be legitimate butts4 ,!y 7 old fogies1 c>eful ( _! heal?1 & s on2 b n[-a-days we are wis]4 ,ev]ybody has 8 ,umbrella4 ,x is bo? *eap] & bett] made ?an ( old2 :o1 !n1 s poor he _c af=d "o8 ,to see a man go+ out 9 ! ra9 umbrella-less excites z mu* mir? z ev] did ! sight ( ^? :o fir/--wis] ?an _! g5]ation--avail$ !mselves ( ?is n[ univ]sal %elt]4 ,yet /ill a t\* ( ! amus+ cl+s to ! ,gamp1 z x is s>ca/ically call$4 ',:at says ,d\glas ,j]rold on ! subject8 ,!re are ?ree ?+s t no man b a fool l5ds1 or1 hav+ l5t1 is n 9 ! mo/ helpless /ate ( m5tal crassitude if he ev] hopes to get back aga94 ,^! ?ree ?+s1 my son1 are--,,books1 ,,umbrellas1 & ,,money6 ,i believe a c]ta9 fiction ( ! law assumes a rem$y to ! borr[]2 b ,i "k ( no case 9 :i* any man1 be+ suffici5tly da/>d to gibbet 8 reputation z pla9tiff 9 su* a suit1 ev] fairly succe$$ aga9/ ! :olesome prejudices ( society4 ,umbrellas may be 'h$g$ ab\t' by cobweb /atutes2 ,i w n swe> x is n s2 !re may exi/ laws t make su* ?+s prop]ty2 b sure ,i am t ! hiss+ contempt1 ! l\d-m\!d indignation ( all civilis$ society1 'w\ld sibilate & ro> at ! bloodless poltroon :o %\ld engage law on 8 side to obta9 = him ! re/itution ( a--l5t ,umbrella6 ,/range to say1 x is a fact1 melan*oly en\gh1 b = all t too true1 t our =efa!rs1 sc>ce sev5ty ye>s agone1 meekly endur$ ! pelt+ ( ! pitiless /orm )\t t protection v\*saf$ to _! desc5dants by a k9d fate & tal5t$ inv5tors4 ,! fact is1 ! ,umbrella =ms "o ( ! num]\s conv5i5ces ( life :i* seem indisp5sable to ! pres5t g5]ation1 because j s long a "t has pass$ s9ce _! introduction1 t ! contrivances :i*1 9 "s c]ta9 degree1 previ\sly suppli$ _! place1 h pass$ into oblivion4 ,we feel ! conv5i5ce we possess1 )\t be+ always aw>e ( ! gradations :i* int]v5$ betwe5 x & ! complete inconv5i5ce ( be+ cont9ually un%elt]$ f ! ra91 )\t any k9d fri5d f :om to seek ! protection s ard5tly desir$4 ,=tunately a v simple process w enable ! read] to realise ! fact 9 its full ext5t2 he ne$ only walk ab\t 9 a pelt+ %[] = "s h\rs )\t an ,umbrella1 or :5 ! weight ( a cloak w\ld be insupportable1 & at ! same "t rememb] t sev5ty ye>s ago a luxury he c n[ pur*ase 9 almo/ e /reet1 0 )9 ! rea* ( b v few1 :ile omnibuses & cabs 7 unkn[n4 ,b1 ap>t f consid]ations ( com=t1 we may safely claim v mu* high] qualities z app]ta9+ to ! ,umbrella4 ,we may ev5 reckon x among ! causes t h contribut$ to l5g!n ! av]age ( human life1 & hold x a mo/ effective ag5t 9 ! great increase :i* took place 9 ! population ( ,engl& betwe5 ! ye>s #agej & #ahej z comp>$ ) ! previ\s c5tury4 ,! ,regi/r>-,g5]al1 9 8 c5sus-report1 =got to m5tion ?is fact1 b !re appe>s to u n ! slighte/ d\bt t ! introduction ( ! ,umbrella at ! latt] "p ( ! =m]1 & comm5cem5t ( ! pres5t c5tury1 mu/ h greatly conduc$ to ! improvem5t ( ! public heal?1 by pres]v+ ! be>] f ! v>i\s & num]\s diseases sup]9duc$ by exposure to ra94 ,b p]haps we are a little h>% on our wor?y ance/ors2 !y may h possess$ "s species ( protection f ! ra9 on :i* !y prid$ !mselves z mu* z we d on our ,umbrellas1 & reg>d$ ! new-fangl$ inv5tion 7z !y no d\bt t]m$ x7 z some?+ exce$+ly absurd1 coxcombical1 & unnecess>y2 :ile we1 :o are 9 possession ( s _m life-com=ts ( :i* ^? ( ! good old times 7 supremely ignorant--among ^! we give ! ,umbrella brevet rank--c af=d to smile at su* ebullitions z we h come across 9 ^? books ( ! day we h consult$1 & to :i* we %all pres5tly h an opportunity ( ref]r+4 ,we c happily e/imate ! value ( su* a fri5d z ! ,umbrella1 ! sil5t companion ( our walks abroad1 a companion incomp>ably sup]ior to ^? slimy wat]pro( abom9ations s urg5tly recomm5d$ to u1 =1 at ! lea/1 ! ,umbrella _c be accus$ ( injur+1 ! heal? z !y h be51 z x appe>s1 ) v good reason4 ,9 fact1 s long z ! climate ( ,engl& rema9s z x is1 s long w ,umbrellas hold _! gr\nd 9 public e/eem1 & we d n believe t ! cl]k ( ! wea!r w all[ himself to be brib$ into any alt]ation1 at lea/ = trade consid]ations4 ,ano!r rem>kable pro( ( ! utility ( ! ,umbrella may be f\nd 9 ! univ]sality ( its use4 ,x has ass]t$ its sway f ,indus to ! ,pole1 & is to be met ) 9 e possible v>iety1 f ! ,napoleon blue silk ( ! ,london exquisite1 to ! co>se r$ or gre5 cotton ( ! ,turki% rayah4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,cont95t x =ms ! peaceful armam5t ( ! peasant1 & no m curi\s sight c be imag9$ ?an ! wide1 uncov]$ m>ket-place ( "s qua9t old ,g]man t[n dur+ a heavy %[]1 :5 e indu/rial cov]s himself or h]self ) ! aegis ( a portable t5t1 & a bright array ( brass f]rules & canopies ( all conceivable hues :i* cotton c be made to assume1 )\t los+ its "o quality ( fa/ col\r1 fla% on ! spectator's vision4 ,! advantages ( ! ,umbrella be+ ?us recognis$1 x mu/ be confess$ t x has hi!rto be5 treat$ 9 a mo/ ungrateful & /ep-mo!rly fa%ion4 ,we fly to ! ,umbrella :5 ! sky is ov]ca/--x af=ds u %elt] 9 ! h\r ( ne$--& ! s]vice is =gott5 z soon z ! necessity is reliev$4 ,we make abom9able jokes ^u ! ,umbrella2 we borr[ x )\t compunction f any confid+ fri5d1 ?\gh ) ! full int5tion ( nev] return+ x--9 fact1 x has (t5 be5 a matt] ( surprise to u t any "o ev] does buy an ,umbrella1 = :]e c ! old ,umbrellas g to8 ,al?\gh t "q has (t5 be5 ask$ conc]n+ ! fate ( p9s1 ! fact z reg>ds ! =m]1 look+ at _! size1 is m curi\s--& yet1 = all t1 we treat x ) %ameful neglect1 z if a%am$ ( a crime we h committ$ & anxi\s to conceal ! evid5ces ( our guilt4 ,let u !n /rive to af=d su* rep>ation z 9 our p[] lies1 by giv+ a slight description ( ,,! ,,umbrella ,,& ,,its ,,hi/ory1 mak+ up = any defici5cies ( our p5 by ! assi/ance ( ! arti/'s p5cil4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,umbrella4 ,! ,umbrella is d]iv$ f a /ately family1 t ( ! ,p>asol1 ! legitimate use ( ! ,umbrella1 ?\gh suffici5tly obvi\s1 be+ almo/ ignor$ 9 ^? c\ntries :5ce x d]ives its be+1 s9ce x 0 z a protection aga9/ ! scor*+ heat ( ! sun t x 0 fir/ us$4 ,! ,p>asol1 !n1 or ,umbrella--s9ce = all practical purposes ! two are really id5tical--dates f ! e>lie/ ages1 "s comm5tators on ! ,bible fancy+ !y c discov] x 9 places :]e a %ade protect+ f ! sun is m5tion$4 ,?is is n unlikely1 b x is c]ta9 t ! ,p>asol has be5 9 use f a v e>ly p]iod4 ,*9ese hi/ory goes a v long way back1 inasmu* z x places ! inv5tion ( ^! elegant ma*9es _m ?\s& ye>s ant]ior to ! ,mosaic date ( ! _w's creation4 ,_! antiquity among ! ,h9doos is m satisfactorily prov$ by ! foll[+ passage f ! dramatic poem ( ,s'akuntla1 ! date ( :i* is suppos$ to be ! #f? c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era3-- 7,! c>es ( support+ ! nation h>ass ! sov]eign1 :ile he is *e]$ ) a view ( ! p's welf>e1 z a huge ,umbrella1 ( :i* a man be>s ! /aff 9 8 own h&1 fatigues :ile x %ades him4 ,! sov]eign1 l a bran*+ tree1 be>s on 8 head ! scor*+ sunbeams1 :ile ! broad %ade allays ! fev] ( ^? :o seek %elt] "u him47 ,! orig9 ( ! ,p>asol is wrapp$ 9 consid]able obscurity4 ,"s pr(\nd inve/igators h suppos$ t l>ge leaves ti$ to ! bran*+ extremities ( a b\gh sugge/$ ! fir/ idea ( ! inv5tion4 ,o!rs ass]t t ! idea 0 probably d]iv$ f ! t5t1 :i* rema9s 9 =m unalt]$ to ! pres5t day4 ,dr4 ,morrison1 h[ev]1 tells u t ! tradition exi/+ 9 ,*9a is1 t ! ,san1 :i* signifies a %ade = sun & ra91 orig9at$ 9 /&>ds & bann]s wav+ 9 ! air4 ,z ?is is a case 9 :i* we may quote ! l9e--,:o %all decide :5 doctors disagree8--we may ) safety assume t all are 9 ! "r1 & t ! ,p>asol ow$ its orig9 to all or any ( ! above-m5tion$ =tuit\s circum/ances4 ,9 ! ,n9evite sculptures ! ,umbrella or ,p>asol appe>s frequ5tly4 ,lay>d gives a picture ( a bas-relief repres5t+ a k+ 9 8 *>iot1 ) an att5dant hold+ an ,umbrella ov] 8 head4 ,x has a curta9 hang+ d[n beh9d1 b is o!rwise exactly l ^? 9 use at ! pres5t "t1 ! /ret*]s & slid+ runn] be+ pla9ly repres5t$4 ,to quote ! words ( t indefatigable travell]3-- ,! ,umbrella or ,p>asol1 ! emblem ( royalty s univ]sally accept$ by ea/]n nations1 0 g5]ally c>ri$ ov] ! k+ 9 "t ( peace1 & sometimes ev5 9 "t ( w>4 ,9 %ape x resembl$1 v closely1 ^? 9 common use2 b x is always op5 9 ! sculptures4 ,x 0 edg$ ) tassels1 & 0 usually ornam5t$ at ! top by a fl[] or "s o!r ornam5t4 ,on ! lat] bas-reliefs1 a long piece ( embroid]$ l95 or silk fall+ f "o side l a curta91 appe>s to scre5 ! k+ completely f ! sun4 ,! p>asol 0 res]v$ exclusively = ! mon>*1 & is nev] repres5t$ z borne ov] any o!r p]son4 ,9 ,egypt aga91 ! ,p>asol is f\nd 9 v>i\s %apes4 ,9 "s in/ances x is depict$ z a flabellum1 a fan ( palm-leaves or col\r$ fea!rs fix$ on a long h&le1 resembl+ ^? n[ c>ri$ beh9d ! ,pope 9 processions4 ,sir ,g>dn] ,wilk9son1 9 8 "w on ,egypt1 has1 an engrav+ ( an ,e?iopian pr9cess travell+ ?r\gh ,upp] ,egypt 9 a *>iot2 a k9d ( ,umbrella fa/5$ to a /\t pole rises 9 ! c5tre1 be>+ a close aff9ity to :at are n[ t]m$ *aise ,umbrellas4 ,to judge f ,wilk9son's acc\nt1 ! ,umbrella 0 g5]ally us$ ?r\gh\t ,egypt1 p>tly z a m>k ( di/9ction1 b m on acc\nt ( its useful ?an its ornam5tal qualities4 ,! same au?or is r d\btful :e!r1 9 ! picture giv5 by him ( a milit>y *ief 9 8 *>iot1 ! frame :i* an att5dant holds up beh9d ! rid] is a %ield or a scre51 b ! latt] is ! m probable supposition1 z x has all ! appe>ance ( an ,umbrella )\t ! usual h&le4 ,9 "s pa9t+s on a temple wall1 an ,umbrella is held ov] ! figure ( a god c>ri$ 9 procession1 & altoge!r we may1 p]haps1 consid] x decid$1 beyond dispute1 t ! ,umbrella 9 its mod]n %ape 0 us$ 9 ,egypt4 ,footnote3 ,to sil5ce capti\s critics1 :o may f9d fault ) ! designs ( our arti/1 we may once = all rem>k t an idealis$ conception ( ! figures only is giv54 ,! /yle ( ! anci5t draughtsm5 0 by no means s p]fect t we1 :o live 9 a m civilis$ age1 %\ld be entirely fett]$ by _! conceptions1 & ! records ( anci5t life are n ne>ly full en\gh to ju/ify any "o :o may ,ass]t t ! pictures 9 our pages are n z accurate z ^? 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,anyh[1 :at !y ought to h be51 r ?an :at ! anci5t 71 our arti/ has /riv5 to del9eate4 ,9 ,p]sia ! ,p>asol is repeat$ly f\nd 9 ! c>v$ "w ( ,p]sepolis1 & ,sir ,john ,malcolm has an article on ! subject 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,p]sia4 ,9 "s sculptures--( a v ,egyptian "*1 by ! way--! figure ( a k+ appe>s att5d$ by a slave1 :o c>ries ov] 8 head an ,umbrella1 ) /ret*]s & runn] complete4 ,9 o!r sculptures on ! rock at ,takht-i-,bo/an1 suppos$ to be n less ?an twelve c5turies old1 a de]-hunt is repres5t$1 at :i* a k+ looks on1 seat$ on a horse1 & hav+ an ,umbrella borne ov] 8 head by an att5dant4 ,?is comb9ation ( bus9ess & com=t =cibly rem9ds u ( a c]ta9 wet day 9 ,c>lsruhe1 :]e we witness$ f ! w9d[ ( ! ,htel d',anglet]re a /\t1 m>tial-look+ national gu>dsman m>*+ to ! ex]cis+-gr\nd ) an ,umbrella ov] 8 head1 & a maid-s]vant dilig5tly tramp+ ?r\gh ! mud beh9d him1 be>+ 8 musket4 ,z 9 ,assyria1 s 9 mo/ o!r ,ea/]n c\ntries1 ?is use ( ! ,p>asol c>ri$ ) x a peculi> & hon\rable significance4 ,! tradition relat+ to its orig9 9 ,*9a has be5 already allud$ to1 & we c trace notices ( its use a v long way back inde$4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,morrison1 ,umbrellas & ,p>asols are ref]r$ to 9 books pr9t$ ab\t ,a4,d4 #cjj1 b _! use has be5 trac$ /ill fur!r back ?an ?is4 ,a v anci5t book ( ,*9ese c]emonies1 call$ ,t*e\-,li1 or ,! ,rites ( ,t*e\1 directs t ^u ! imp]ial c>s ! dais %\ld be plac$4 ,! figure ( ?is dais conta9$ 9 ! ,*9ese edition ( ,t*e\-,li1 & ! p>ticul> description ( x giv5 9 ! explanatory comm5t>y ( ,l9-hi-ye1 bo? id5tify x ) an ,umbrella4 ,! latt] describes ! dais to be compos$ ( #bh arcs1 :i* are equival5t to ! :alebone ribs ( ! mod]n in/rum5t1 & ! /aff support+ ! cov]+ to consi/ ( two p>ts1 ! upp] be+ a rod #c_/ah?s ( a ,*9ese foot 9 circumf]5ce1 & ! l[] a tube #f_/aj?s 9 circumf]5ce1 into :i* ! upp] half is capable ( slid+4 ,9 ! second ,t>t> invasion ( ,*9a ! emp]or's son 0 tak5 prison] by ! ,t>t> *ief1 & made to c>ry 8 ,umbrella :5 he w5t out hunt+4 ,/>t+ f ! royal significance atta*$ to ! ,umbrella1 came a feel+ ( v5]ation = x1 v diff]5t f ! contempt ) :i* we are n[-a-days too apt to reg>d x4 ,x 0 repres5t$ by _m anci5t nations z %ad+ _! gods4 ,9 ! ,h9doo my?ology ,vi%nu is said to h paid a visit to ! inf]nal regions ) 8 ,umbrella ov] 8 head4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t 9 few places c\ld an ,umbrella h be5 less appropriate1 b d\btless ,vi%nu knew :at he 0 ab\t1 & _h 8 own reasons = c>ry+ 8 ,p>apluie "u 8 arm4 ,p]haps l ,mrs4 ,gamp he c\ld n be sep>at$ f x4 ,s mu* = ! anci5t hi/ory ( our subject 9 ! ,ea/4 ,we may n[ g on to c\ntries ab\t :i* we "k a little m ?an ( anci5t ,*9a & ,assyria4 ,9 ,greece1 z ,beck] tells u 9 8 ,*>icles1 ! ,p>asol 0 an indisp5sable adjunct to a lady ( fa%ion4 ,x _h also its religi\s signification4 ,9 ! ,scirophoria1 ! fea/ ( ,a!ne ,sciras1 a :ite ,p>asol 0 borne by ! prie/esses ( ! goddess f ! ,acropolis to ! ,phal]us4 ,9 ! fea/s ( ,dionysius 79 t at ,alea 9 ,arcadia1 :]e he 0 expos$ "u an ,umbrella1 & else:]e7 ! ,umbrella 0 us$1 & 9 an old has-relief ! same god is repres5t$ z desc5d+ ad inf]os ) a small ,umbrella 9 8 h&1 l ,vi%nu be=e m5tion$4 ,!re 0 also ano!r fe/ival 9 :i* !y appe>$1 ?\gh )\t any my/ical signification4 ,9 ! ,pana!na1 ! daught]s ( ! ,metceci1 or =eign resid5ts1 c>ri$ ,p>asols ov] ! heads ( ,a!nian wom5 z a m>k ( inf]iority1 tas p>!nons ton metoikon skiadaephore9 en tais rompais a5ankazon4 --,o,elian1 ,v4 ,h41 vi4 #a4 ,footnote3 ,!y compell$ ! maid5s ( ! ,metceci to act z umbrella-be>]s 9 ! processions4 ,its use seems to h be5 conf9$ to wom54 ,9 ,pausanias !re is a description ( a tomb ne> ,ph>1 a ,greek city4 ,on ! tomb 0 ! figure ( a woman-- !mapa9a de autae prose/aeke skiadeion ph]\sa4 --,pausanias1 lib4 vii41 cap4 #bb1 ,section #f4 ,footnote3 ,& by h] /ood a female slave1 be>+ a p>asol4 ,ari/ophanes seems to m5tion x among ! common articles ( female use-- aem9 m5 g> son eti kai nun tantion1 o kanon1 oi kala?iokoi1 to skiadeion4 --,ari/ophanes1 ,!smoph41 #hba4 ,footnote3 ,= n[ our loom is safe1 our weav+-beam1 our baskets & umbrella4 ,x occurs frequ5tly on vases1 & is 9 %ape l t n[ us$4 ,x c\ld be put up & d[n4 ta d' ota g'an son1 nae ,,al'1 exepetannuto osp] skiadeion1 kai pal9 xunaegeto4 --,ari/4 ,eq41 #acdg4 ,footnote3 ,b y\r e>s1 by ,jove1 are /ret*$ out l a p>asol1 & n[ aga9 %ut up4 ,:i* ! ,s*olia/ expla9s1 ekte9etai de kai sy/elletai pros ton katepeigonta kairon4 ,footnote3 ,are op5$ & %ut z ne$ requires4 ,= a man to c>ry "o 0 consid]$ a m>k ( effem9acy1 z appe>s f ! foll[+ fragm5t ( ,anacreon3-- skiadiska5 elephant9a5 phorei gunaix9 autos4 ,a!naeus1 lib4 xii41 cap4 #df1 ,section #ecd4 ,footnote3 ,he c>ries an ivory p>asol1 z wom5 d4 ,plut>* makes ,ari/ides speak ( ,x]xes z sitt+ "u a canopy or ,umbrella look+ at ! sea-fight-- ka?ae5os hupd skiadi *rysae4 ,plut4 ,!rm41 c4 #af 7p4 #abj71 ,footnote3 ,sitt+ "u a gold5 canopy4 & ( ,cleopatra 9 l mann]-- upo skiadi *rysopa/o4 ,plut4 ,anton41 c4 #bf 7p4 #ibg74 ,footnote3 ,"u a gold-wr\ght canopy4 ,f ,greece x is probable t ! use ( ! ,p>asol pass$ to ,rome1 :]e x seems to h be5 commonly us$ by wom51 :ile x 0 ! cu/om ev5 = effem9ate m5 to def5d !mselves f ! heat by means ( ! ,umbraculum1 =m$ ( sk9 or lea!r1 & capable ( be+ l[]$ at w4 ,we f9d frequ5t ref]5ce to ! ,umbrella 9 ! ,roman ,classics1 & x appe>s t x 01 n unlikely1 a po/ ( hon\r among maid-s]vants to be> x ov] _! mi/resses4 ,allusions to x are tol]ably frequ5t 9 ! poets4 ,virgil's ,munim5 ad imbres ,footnote3 ,a %elt] = ! %[]4 probably has no?+ to d ) ,umbrellas1 b m def9ite m5tion ( !m is n want+4 ,ovid speaks ( ,h]cules c>ry+ ! ,p>asol ( ,omphale3-- ,aurea pellebant rapidos umbracula soles1 ,qu tam5 ,h]cule su/9u]e manus4 --,ov4 ,fa/41 lib4 ii41 #a4 #ca ,i4 ,footnote3 ,a gold5 umbrella w>d$ (f ! ke5 sun1 :i* ev5 ! h&s ( ,h]cules h borne4 ,m>tial speaks ( a s]vant c>ry+ ! ,p>asol3-- ,umbellam lusca1 ,lygde f]as ,dom94 --,m>t41 lib4 xi41 *4 #gc4 ,footnote3 ,may/ ?\1 ,lygde1 be p>asol-c>ri] = a publ9d mi/ress4 ,juv5al m5tions an ,umbrella z a pres5t3-- ,en cui tu viridem umbellam cui succ9a mittas --,juv41 ix41 #ej4 ,footnote3 ,see to :om x is s5t a gre5 umbrella & amb] ornam5ts ,ovid advises a lov] to make himself agreeable by hold+ 8 mi/ress's ,p>asol3-- ,ipse t5e di/5ta suis umbracula virgis ,ov4 ,ars4 ,am41 ii41 #bji4 ,footnote3 ,y\rself hold up ! umbrella spread out by its rods ,?is %[s t ! ,umbrella 0 ( mu* ! same con/ruction z ours4 ,a v common use = x 0 9 ! !atre1 :5ev]1 f w9d or o!r cause1 ! vel>ium or huge awn+ /ret*$ ov] ! build+ 7always op5 to ! air7 c\ld n be put up3-- ,accipe qu nimios v9cant umbracula soles1 ,sit licet1 et v5tus1 te tua vela tegont4 --,m>t41 lib4 xiv41 ,ep4 #bh4 ,footnote3 ,take ?is1 :i* may %ield y f ! sun's excessive rays4 ,s may y\r own sail %ield y1 ev5 %\ld ! breeze bl[4 ,by tua vela is to be und]/ood y\r own ,umbrella4 ,& else:]e ! same writ] gives ! advice3-- ,+r$i>e viam coelo licet usque s]5o ,ad subitas nunquam scortea desit aquas4 --,man'41 lib4 xiv4 ,ep4 #acj4 ,footnote3 ,?\gh ) a bright sky y beg9 y\r j\rney1 let ?is cloak ev] be at h& 9 case ( unexpect$ %[]s4 ,x w be notic$ f ! above extracts t ! ,umbrella does n appe> to h be5 us$ among ! ,romans z a def5ce f ra92 & ?is is curi\s en\gh1 = we "k t ! !atres 7 protect$ by ! vel>ium or awn+1 :i* 0 drawn across ! ar5a :5ev] a sudd5 %[] came on2 /range t ?is self-evid5t application ( ! ,umbrella %\ld n h occurr$ to a nation g5]ally s +5i\s 9 ! inv5tion ( e possible luxury4 ,possibly ! exp5se be/[$ 9 ! decoration ( ! umbraculum 0 a reason = its n be+ appli$ to :at we _c b reg>d z its legitimate use4 ,aft] ! f\nd+ ( ,con/ant9ople1 ! cu/om ( great p c>ry+ an ,umbrella seems to h aris51 b 9 ,rome x appe>s only to h be5 us$ z a luxury1 nev] z a m>k ( di/9ction1 ,pl9y speaks ( ,umbrellas made ( palm-leaves1 b f o!r s\rces we may ga!r t ! ,romans--at all ev5ts 9 ! days ( ! empire--lavi%$ z mu* spl5d\r on _! ,umbrella z on all ! articles ( _! dress4 ,ovid 7z above quot$7 speaks ( an ,umbrella inwr\ght ) gold1 & ,claudian 9 ! same way has3-- ,neu def5sura calorem ,aurea submoveant rapidos umbracula soles4 --,claud41 lib4 viii41 ,de4 iv4 cons4 ,honorii1 #a4 #cdj4 ,footnote3 ,nor to protect y f ! heat1 let ! gold5 umbrella w>d (f ! ke5 sun's rays4 ,f ?is we may conclude t ! c>ry+ an ,umbrella 0 9 "s sort a m>k ( effem9acy4 ,9 ano!r place c>ry+ ! ,umbrella is allud$ to z "o ( ! duties ( a slave3-- ,jam non umbracula tollunt ,virg9ibus1 etc4 ,footnote3 ,n[ !y d n c>ry girls' p>asols4 ,gorius says t ! ,umbrella came to ,rome f ! ,etruscans1 & c]ta9ly x appe>s n infrequ5tly on ,etruscan vases1 z also on lat] gems4 ,"o gem1 figur$ by ,pacudius1 %[s an ,umbrella ) a b5t h&le1 slop+ backw>ds4 ,/rabo describes a sort ( scre5 or ,umbrella worn by ,spani% wom51 b ?is is n l a mod]n ,umbrella4 ,v _m curi\s facts are connect$ ) ! use ( ! ,umbrella ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/1 :]e x 0 ne>ly ev]y:]e "o ( ! insignia ( royalty1 or at lea/ ( high rank4 ,m4 de la ,l\bre1 :o 0 ,envoy ,extraord9>y f ! ,fr5* ,k+ to ! ,k+ ( ,siam 9 #afhg & #afhh1 wrote an acc\nt entitl$ a ,new ,hi/orical ,relation ( ! ,k+dom ( ,siam1 :i* 0 translat$ 9 #afic into ,engli%4 ,accord+ to 8 acc\nt ! use ( ! ,umbrella 0 grant$ to "s only ( ! subjects by ! k+4 ,an ,umbrella ) sev]al circles1 z if two or ?ree umbrellas 7 fa/5$ on ! same /ick1 0 p]mitt$ to ! k+ alone1 ! nobles c>ri$ a s+le ,umbrella ) pa9t$ clo?s hang+ f x4 ,! ,talapo9s 7:o seem to h be5 a sort ( ,siamese monks7 _h ,umbrellas made ( a palm-leaf cut & fold$1 s t ! /em =m$ a h&le4 ,! same writ] describes ! audi5ce-*amb] ( ! ,k+ ( ,siam4 ,9 8 qua9t old ,fr5*1 he says3--,p\r t\t meuble il n'y a que trois p>a-sol1 un devant la f5tre1 a neuf ronds1 deux sept ronds aux deux ctz de la f5tre4 ,le p>a-sol e/ en ce ,pais-la1 ce que le ,dais e/ en celui-ci4 ,tav]ni]1 9 8 ,voyage to ! ,ea/1 says t on ea* side ( ! ,mogul's ?rone 7 two ,umbrellas1 & also describes ! hall ( ! ,k+ ( ,ava z decorat$ ) an ,umbrella4 ,! ,mahratta pr9ces1 :o reign$ at ,poonah & ,satt>a1 _h ! title ( ,*'hatra-pati1 ,"l ( ! ,umbrella4 ,*'hatra or *ta has be5 sugge/$ z ! d]ivation ( satrapaes 7exatrapaes 9 ,!opompus71 & x seems a probable d]ivation en\gh4 ,! *ta ( ! ,indian & ,burmese pr9ces is l>ge & heavy1 & requires a special att5dant1 :o has a regul> position 9 ! royal h\sehold4 ,9 ,ava x seems to h be5 "p ( ! k+'s title1 t he 0 ,k+ ( ! :ite elephant1 & ,"l ( ! tw5ty-f\r ,umbrellas4 ,p]sons ( rank 9 ! ,mahratta c\rt1 :o 7 n p]mitt$ ! "r ( c>ry+ an ,umbrella1 us$ a scre51 a flat v]tical disc call$ ,,aa'-ab-gir1 c>ri$ by an att5dant4 ,ev5 n[ ! ,umbrella has n lo/ its emblematic mean+4 ,9 #ahee ! ,k+ ( ,burmah direct$ a lett] to ! ,m>quis ( ,dalh\sie 9 :i* he /yles himself ,8 great1 glori\s1 & mo/ excell5t ,maje/y1 :o reigns ov] ! k+doms ( ,?unap>anta1 ,tampadipa1 & all ! great ,umbrella-we>+ *iefs ( ! ,ea/]n c\ntries1 c4 ,?us we see t ! same signification :i* 0 atta*$ to ! ,umbrella by ! anci5t p ( ,n9eveh1 /ill rema9s connect$ ) x ev5 9 our own "t4 ,9 ! ,great ,exhibition ( #ahea 0 ! spl5did ,umbrella belong+ to 8 ,highness ! ,mah>ajah ( ,najpoor4 ,! ribs & /ret*]s1 sixte5 9 numb]1 divid$ ! ,umbrella into z _m segm5ts1 cov]$ ) silk1 exquisitely embroid]$ ) gold & silv] ornam5ts4 ,! upp] "p ( ! design 0 complete 9 ea* dep>tm5t1 b at ! l[]1 x 0 =m$ into a graceful runn+ bord]1 to :i* a fr+e 0 atta*$4 ,! h&le 0 holl[ & =m$ ( ?ick silv] plates4 ,9 ,b5gal x appe>s t no di/9ction is atta*$ to ! ,umbrella1 s9ce ! poor] classes !re use a *ta or small ,umbrella1 made ( leaves ( ! ,lic]ata peltata4 ,^! are ( conical =m & h num]\s ribs & /ret*]s4 ,! high] class 9 ,assam use a simil> ,umbrella4 ,9 ,*9a ! use ( ! ,umbrella does n appe> to h be5 conf9$1 z 9 ,india & ,p]sia1 to royalty2 b x 0 always1 z x is n[1 a m>k ( high rank1 ?\gh n exclusively s4 ,!re seems to h be5 no p>ticul> rule ab\t x1 b x c>ri$ ) x "s peculi> di/9ction2 =1 on "o occasion at lea/1 we he> ( tw5ty-f\r ,umbrellas be+ c>ri$ be=e ! ,emp]or :5 he w5t out hunt+4 ,"h x is1 :at x appe>s to be 9 no o!r ,ea/]n c\ntry1 a def5ce aga9/ ra9 r ?an sun1 & :ile ! ri*] p d n g out mu* :ile x is wet1 ! poor] classes we> a dress t protects !m f ! wea!r4 ,9 ! ra9y season1 = in/ance1 a ,*9ese boatman we>s a coat ( /raw1 & a hat ( /raw & bamboo4 ,su* a dress1 ( c\rse1 r5d]s an ,umbrella sup]flu\s1 & x matt]s little to ! we>] h[ h>d ! ra9 may pelt4 ,nev]!less great numb]s ( ,umbrellas are export$ f ,*9a to ,india1 ! ,indian ,ar*ipelago1 & ev5 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,9 ! #ahea ,exhibition two only 7 %[n4 ,( !m ! report says1 ,!y pres5t no?+ rem>kable beyond ! great numb] ( ribs1 :i* am\nt to =ty-two4 ,! ribs are =m$ ( wood2 & in/ead ( be+ embrac$ by ! =k ( ! /ret*]1 z 9 ! case ( ,european ,umbrellas1 !y h a groove cut out 9 ! middle ( _! l5g?s1 into :i* ! /ret*] is secur$ by a /ud ( wood4 ,! head ( ea* rib fits into a not* =m$ 9 ! r+ ( wood1 :i* is fa/5$ on to ! top ( ! /ick1 !re be+ a sep>ate1 not* = ea* rib4 ,! slide is ( wood1 & has =ty-two not*es1 namely1 "o = ea* /ret*]1 :i* l ! ribs1 is =m$ ( wood4 ,! cov]+ ( ! ,umbrellas exhibit$ is ( oil$ pap] co>sely pa9t$4 ,b ! use ( ! ,umbrella travell$ we/w>d1 & ) x ! cu/om ( reg>d+ x z a m>k ( dignity4 ,among/ ! ,arabs ! ,umbrella 0 a m>k ( di/9ction4 ,niebuhr1 :o travell$ 9 ,s\!rn ,arabia1 describes a procession ( ! ,iman ( ,sanah4 ,9 x ! ,iman & ea* ( ! pr9ces ( 8 num]\s family1 caus$ a madalla1 or l>ge ,umbrella1 to be c>ri$ by 8 side2 & x is a privilege :i*1 9 ?is c\ntry1 is appropriat$ to pr9ces ( ! blood1 j z ! ,sultan ( ,con/ant9ople p]mits none b 8 vizi] to h 8 caique1 or gondola1 cov]$ beh9d1 to keep him f ! heat ( ! sun4 ,! same writ] goes on to say t _m indep5d5t *iefs ( ,yem5 c>ri$ madallas z a m>k ( _! indep5d5ce4 ,9 ,morocco1 accord+ to a passage quot$ by a writ] 9 ! ,p5ny ,magaz9e f ! ,travels ( ,ali ,bey1 ! emp]or alone & 8 family are all[$ to use x4 ,! ret9ue ( ! ,sultan 0 compos$ ( a troop ( f fifte5 to tw5ty m5 on horseback4 ,ab\t a hundr$ /eps beh9d !m came ! ,sultan1 :o 0 m\nt$ on a mule ) an (fic] be>+ 8 ,umbrella1 :o rode by 8 side also on a mule4 ,! ,umbrella is a di/+ui%+ sign ( ! sov]eign ( ,morocco4 ,nobody b himself1 8 sons1 or 8 bro!rs d>e to make use ( x4 ,9 ,turkey ! ,umbrella is common4 ,a ve/ige ( ! rev]5ce once atta*$ to x rema9s 9 ! cu/om ( compell+ ev]ybody :o passes ! palace :]e ! ,sultan is resid+ to l[] 8 ,umbrella z a m>k ( respect4 ,&--at all ev5ts "s ye>s back1 be=e ! ,crimean w> _h introduc$ s _m ,europeans to ,con/ant9ople--any "o neglect+ to pay ! requir$ rev]5ce1 /ood 9 consid]able dang] ( a lively rem9d] f ! s5try on duty4 ,be=e conclud+ ?is *apt]1 x may n be out ( place to make a few rem>ks z to ! orig9 ( ! ^w ,umbrella1 z we h done reg>d+ ! ?+ itself4 ,! ,engli% "n is borr[$ f ! ,italian ,ombrella4 ,! ,lat9 t]m ,umbella is appli$ by botani/s to ^? blossoms :i* are clu/]$ at ! extremities ( sev]al spokes1 radiat+ f ! common /em l ! metallic props ( ! ,umbrella4 ,! "n1 z is se51 does n give ! slighte/ idea ( ! use ( ! article designat$1 z is (t5 ! case ) words we practical folk employ2 & we might well take a lesson f our c\s9s ,g]man or ,fr5*1 :o h inv5t$ di/9ct names = ! weapon us$ to w>d (f ! rays ( ! sun1 & t employ$ aga9/ ra91 namely1--,reg5s*irm1 p>apluie2 ,sonn5s*irm1 p>asol4 ,^! are bett] ?an our names1 ev5 ?\gh bo? ! ,fr5* words lab\r "u ! disadvantage ( be+ hybrids1 half ,greek & half ,lat94 ,su*1 !n1 is ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! ,umbrella1 z f> z our rese>* has enabl$ u to trace x1 &1 inde$1 we are n[ n a little surpris$ at ! result ( ^? lab\rs :i* h enabl$ u to discov] s mu*4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,umbrella ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,z a canopy ( /ate1 ,umbrellas 7 g5]ally us$ 9 ! s\? ( ,europe2 !y are f\nd 9 ! c]emonies ( ! ,byzant9e ,*ur*2 !y 7 borne ov] ! ,ho/ 9 procession1 & =m$ "p ( ! ,pontifical regalia4 ,a m$ival gem repres5ts a bi%op1 att5d$ by a cross-be>]1 & a s]vant :o c>ries beh9d him an ,umbrella4 ,9 ! ,basilican *ur*es ( ,rome is susp5d$ a l>ge ,umbrella1 & ! c>d9al :o took 8 title f ! *ur* has ! privilege ( hav+ an ,umbrella c>ri$ ov] 8 head on solemn processions4 ,x is n1 altoge!r impossible t ! c>d9al's hat may be d]iv$ f ?is ,umbrella4 ,! orig9 ( ?is cu/om ( hang+ an ,umbrella 9 ! ,basilican *ur*es is pla9 en\gh4 ,! judge sitt+ 9 ! basilica w\ld h x z "p ( 8 insignia ( (fice4 ,on ! judgm5t hall be+ turn$ into a *ur*1 ! ,umbrella rema9$1 & 9 fact occupi$ ! place ( ! canopy ov] ?rones & ! l 9 our own c\ntry4 ,beatiano1 an ,italian h]ald1 says t a v]milion ,umbrella 9 a field arg5t symbolises dom9ion4 ,ref]5ces crop up n[ & !n ?r\gh\t ! middle age records1 to ,umbrellas2 b ! extreme paucity ( su* allusions goes to %[ t !y 7 n 9 common use4 ,9 an old romance1 ,! ,blonde ( ,ox=d1 a je/] makes fun ( a nobleman = be+ out 9 ! ra9 )\t 8 cloak4 ,7 ,i a ri* man1 says he1 ,i w\ld be> my h\se ab\t ) me4 ,by ?is v valiant joke he meant1 z he aft]w>ds expla9$1 t ! nobleman %\ld we> a cloak1 n t he ought n to =get 8 ,umbrella ,s x is cle>1 we f9d1 t our =efa!rs dep5d$ on _! cloaks1 n on _! ,umbrellas1 = protection aga9/ /orms4 ,c>eful rese>* has enabl$ u to light on a solit>y in/ance ( an anci5t ,engli% ,umbrella1 = ,wright1 9 8 ,dome/ic ,mann]s ( ! ,engli%1 gives a draw+ f ! ,h>leian ,,ms41 ,no4 #fjc1 :i* repres5ts an ,anglo-,saxon g5tleman walk+ out att5d$ by 8 s]vant1 ! s]vant c>ry+ an ,umbrella ) a h&le t slopes backw>ds1 s z to br+ ! ,umbrella ov] ! head ( ! p]son 9 front4 ,x probably1 !re=e1 c\ld n be %ut up1 b o!rwise x looks l an ord9>y ,umbrella1 & ! ribs are repres5t$ di/9ctly4 ,:e!r ?is e>lie/ ,jonas ,hanway 7! reput$ fir/ import] ( ! ,umbrella1 ( :om m h]eaft]7 0 peculi>ly syb>itic 9 8 notions1 or :e!r1 l ! mammo? ( ,sib]ia1 he is ! "o rema9+ in/ance ( a =m] umbrellif]\s race1 mu/1 at lea/ = ! pres5t1 rema9 undecid$4 ,! g5]al use ( ! ,p>asol 9 ,france & ,engl& 0 adopt$1 probably f ,*9a1 ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,at t p]iod1 pictorial repres5tations ( x are frequ5tly f\nd1 "s ( :i* exhibit ! peculi> broad & deep canopy belong+ to ! l>ge ,p>asol ( ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t (ficials1 borne by native att5dants4 ,john ,evelyn1 9 8 ,di>y = ! #bbnd ,june1 #affd1 m5tions a collection ( r>ities %[n him by "o ,?ompson1 a ,ca?olic prie/1 s5t by ! ,jesuits ( ,japan & ,*9a to ,france4 ,among ! curiosities 7 fans l ^? our ladies use1 b mu* l>g]1 & ) long h&les1 /rangely c>v$ & fill$ ) ,*9ese *>act]s1 :i* is evid5tly a description ( ! ,p>asol4 ,9 ! title-page ( ,evelyn's ,kal5d>ium ,hort5se1 also publi%$ 9 ! same ye>1 we f9d a black page repres5t$1 be>+ a clos$ ,umbrella or ,sun%ade4 ,x is aga9 evid5t t ! ,p>asol 0 m an article ( curiosity ?an use at ?is p]iod1 f ! fact t x is m5tion$ z su* 9 ! catalogue ( ! ,museum ,tradescantium1 or ,collection ( ,r>ities1 pres]v$ at ,s\? ,lambe?1 by ,london1 by ,john ,tradescant4 ,9 ,coryat's ,crudities1 a v r>e & highly int]e/+ "w1 publi%$ 9 #afaa1 ab\t a c5tury & a half prior to ! g5]al introduction ( ! ,umbrella into ,engl&1 we f9d ! foll[+ curi\s passage3-- ,aft] talk+ ( fans he goes on to say1 ,& _m ( !m doe c>ry o!r f9e ?+s ( a f> great] price1 t w co/ at ! lea/ a duckat1 :i* !y commonly call 9 ! ,italian tongue umbrellas1 t is1 ?+s :i* m9i/] %ad[ veto !m = %elt] aga9/ ! scor*+ heate ( ! sunne4 ,^! are made ( lea!r1 some?+ answ]able to ! =me ( a little cannopy1 hoop$ 9 ! inside ) div]s little wood5 hoopes t ext5d ! umbrella 9 a pretty l>ge cornpasse4 ,!y are us$ especially by horsem51 :o c>ry !m 9 _! h&s :5 !y ride1 fa/5+ ! end ( ! h&le ^u "o ( _! ?ighs1 & !y imp>t s l>ge a %ad[ unto !m1 t x keepe? ! heate ( ! sunne f ! upp] p>ts ( _! bodies4 ,ref]5ce to ! same cu/om1 ( rid]s 9 ,italy us+ umbrellas1 is made 9 ,florio's ,worlde ( ,wordes 7#aeih71 :]e we f9d ,ombrella1 a fan1 a canopie1 also a fe/oon or clo? ( ,/ate = a pr9ce1 also a k9d ( r\nd fan or %ad[+ t !y use to ride ) 9 somm] 9 ,italy1 a little %ade4 ,9 ,cotgrave's ,diction>y ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% ,tongues1 ! ,fr5* ,ombrelle is translat$1 ,an umbrello2 a 7fa%ion (7 r\nd & broad fanne1 :]e) ! ,indians 7& f !m our great ones7 pres]ve !mselves f ! heat ( a scor*+ sunne2 & h5ce any little %ad[1 fanne1 or ?+1 :]e) wom5 hide _! faces fro ! sunne4 ,9 ,fynes ,moryson's ,it9]>y 7#afag7 we f9d a simil> allusion to ! habit ( c>ry+ ,umbrellas 9 hot c\ntries to auoide ! beames ( ! sunne4 ,_! employm5t1 says ! au?or1 is dang]\s1 because !y ga!r ! heate into a pyramidall po9t1 & !nce ca/ x d[n p]p5dicul>ly ^u ! head1 except !y "k h[ to c>ry !m = auoyd+ t dang]4 ,?is is c]ta9ly a fact n g5]ally kn[n to ^? :o use ,p>asols too recklessly4 ,poesis ,r$iviva1 by ,john ,collop1 ,m4,d4 7#afef71 m5tions ,umbrellas4 ,mi*ael ,drayton1 writ+ ab\t #afbj1 speaks ( a pair ( doves1 :i* are to wat* ov] ! p]son address$ 9 8 v]ses3-- ,( doves ,i h a da9ty pair1 ,:i*1 :5 y please to take ! air1 ,ab\t y\r head %all g5tly hov]1 ,y\r cle> br[ f ! sun to cov]2 ,& ) _! nimble w+s %all fan y1 ,t nei!r cold nor heat %all tan y2 ,&1 l umbrellas1 ) _! fea!rs ,%all %ield y 9 all sorts ( wea!rs4 ,beaumont & ,flet*] h an allusion to ! umbrella 7#afdj72-- ,n[ are y glad1 n[ is y\r m9d at ease1 ,n[ y h got a %ad[1 an umbrella1 ,to keep ! 'scor*+ _w's op9ion ,f y\r fair cr$it4 --,rule a ,wife & ,h a ,wife1 ,act iii1 sc4 ,i4 ,b5 ,jonson1 too1 once m5tions x 7date #afaf71 speak+ ( a mi%ap :i* befel a lady at ! ,spani% ,c\rt3-- ,& !re %e lay1 flat spread z an umbrella4 --,! ,devil is an ,ass1 ,act iv41 ,,sc4 ,i4 ,( ! fact t ,umbrellas' 7 kn[n & us$ 9 ,italy long prior to _! introduction into ,france1 we f9d a confirmation 9 old ,montaigne1 :o obs]ves1 lib4 iii4 cap4 ix4 3--,les ,ombrelles1 de quoy depuis les anci5s ,rema9s l',italie se s]t1 *>g5t plus le bras1 qu'ils ne des*>g5t la te/e4 ,k]sey's ,diction>y 7#agjh7 describes an ,umbrella z a scre5 commonly us$ by wom5 to keep (f ra94 ,! abs5ce ( almo/ all allusion to ! ,umbrella by ! wits ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :ile ! muff1 fan1 c41 receive s l>ge a %>e ( att5tion1 is a fur!r pro( t x 0 f> f be+ recognis$ z an article ( conv5i5t luxury at t day4 ,! clumsy %ape1 probably1 prev5t$ its be+ g5]ally us$4 ,9 "o ( ,dryd5's plays we f9d ! l9e3-- ,i c c>ry y\r umbrella & fan1 y\r ,lady%ip4 ,gay1 address+ a g5tleman1 9 8 ,trivia1 or ! ,art ( ,walk+ ! ,/reets ( ,london 7#agab71 says3-- ,be ?\ = e season ju/ly dress'd1 ,nor brave ! pi]c+ fro/ ) op5 brea/3 ,& :5 ! bur/+ cl\ds a deluge p\r4 ,let ?y surt\t def5d ! gap+ %[]4 ,& aga93-- ,t g>m5t be/ ! w9t]'s rage def5ds ,^: %apeless =m 9 ample plaits dep5ds2 ,by v>i\s names 9 v>i\s c\ntries kn[n1 ,yet held 9 all ! true surt\t alone4 ,be ?9e ( k]sey t9e1 ?\gh small ! co/1 ,!n brave1 unwet1 ! ra91 un*ill$1 ! fro/4 ,^! passages lead u to ! belief t ! ,umbrella 0 n us$ by g5tlem5 = a long "t aft] its m]its _h be5 recognis$ by ! fair sex4 ,! foll[+ l9es f ! same au?or h (t5 be5 quot$3-- ,good h\sewives all ! w9t]'s rage despise ,def5d$ by ! rid+-hood's disguise3 ,or und]nea? ! umbrella's oily %$ ,safe ?r\gh ! wet on cl9k+ patt5s tread4 ,let ,p]sian dames ?' umbrellas ri* display1 ,to gu>d _! beauties f ! sunny ray1 ,or sweat+ slaves support ! %ady load1 ,:5 ,ea/]n mon>*s %[ _! /ate abroad1 ,brita9 9 w9t] only kn[s its aid ,to gu>d f *illy %[]s ! walk+ maid4 --,trivia1 ,b4 #a4 ,dean ,swift1 also1 9 ! ,tatl]1 ,no4 #bbh1 9 describ+ a ,city %[]1 ?us alludes to ! common use ( ! ,umbrella by wom53-- ,n[ 9 contigu\s drops ! floods come d[n1 ,?reat5+ ) deluge ! devot$ t[n3 ,to %ops 9 cr[ds ! draggl$ females fly1 ,pret5d to *eap5 goods1 b no?+ buy3 ,! ,templ> spruce1 :ile e sp\t's abroa*1 ,/ays till 'tis fair1 yet seems to call a coa*3 ,! tuck$-up semp/ress walks ) ha/y /rides1 ,:ile /reams run d[n h] oil$ umbrella's sides4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! cu/om obta9$ ( keep+ an ,umbrella 9 ! halls ( great h\ses1 to be us$ 9 pass+ f ! door to ! c>riage4 ,at c(fee-h\ses1 too1 ! same 0 done4 ,t ! use ( ! ,umbrella 0 consid]$ f> too effem9ate = man1 is se5 f ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t f ! ,female ,tatl] = ,decemb] #ab?1 #agji3--,! "y g5tleman borr[+ ! ,umbrella belong+ to ,wills' ,c(fee-h\se1 9 ,cornhill1 ( ! mi/ress1 is h]eby adv]tis$1 t to be dry f head to foot on ! l occasion1 he %all be welcome to ! maid's patt5s4 ,defoe's description ( ,rob9son ,crusoe's ,umbrella is1 ( c\rse1 famili> to all our read]s4 ,he makes 8 h]o say t he _h se5 ,umbrellas us$ 9 ,brazil1 :]e !y 7 f\nd v useful 9 ! great heats t 7 !re1 & t he con/ruct$ 8 own in/rum5t 9 imitation ( !m1 ,i cov]$ x ) sk9s1 he adds1 ! hair outw>ds1 s t x ca/ (f ! ra9 l a p5t-h\se1 & kept (f ! sun s effectually1 t ,i c\ld walk out 9 ! hotte/ ( ! wea!r ) great] advantage ?an ,i c\ld be=e 9 ! coole/4 ,we may also add1 t f ?is description ! orig9al heavy ,umbrellas obta9$ ! "n ( ,rob9son1 :i* !y reta9$ = _m ye>s1 bo? "h & 9 ,france4 ,9 ! ,memoir ( ,ambrose ,b>nes1 publi%$ = ! ,surtees ,society1 "u date #agah1 appe>s an entry1 ,umbrella = ! ,*ur*'s use1 #bes4 ,a simil> entry is also f\nd 9 ! *ur*w>d5's acc\nts = ! p>o*ial *apelry ( ,burnley1 ,surrey1 = ,a4,d4 #agfj1 ,paid = ,umbrella #bl4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,bo? ^! ,umbrellas 7 9 all likelihood int5d$ = ! use ( cl]gym5 at fun]als 9 ! *ur*y>d1 z 0 t allud$ to 9 ,hone's ,ye>-,book 7#ahbf7 :i* 0 kept = ! same purpose 9 a c\ntry *ur*4 ,?is la/ _h an awn+ ( gre5 oil$ canvas1 su* z common ,umbrellas 7 made (1 =ty ye>s ago4 ,bailey's ,encyclopdia 7#agcf7 has ,umbrello1 a sort ( wood5 frame1 cov]$ ) clo?1 put ov] a w9d[ to keep out ! sun2 also a scre5 c>ri$ ov] ! head to def5d f sun or ra94 ,also ,p>asol1 a little umbrella to keep (f sun4 ,!re is at ,woburn ,abbey a picture1 pa9t$ ab\t #agcj1 ( ! ,du*ess ( ,b$=d1 ) a black s]vant beh9d h]1 :o holds an ,umbrella ov] h]1 & a sket* ( ! same p]iod atta*$ to a song call$ ,! ,g5]\s ,repulse1 %[s a lady seat$ on a fl[]y bank hold+ a ,p>asol ) a long h&le ov] h] head1 :ile %e g5tly *ecks ! ard\r ( h] swa91 & consoles him by ! foll[+ t\*+ /ra93-- ,?y va9 pursuit1 fond y\?1 give o'er1 ,:at m1 alas6 c ,flavia d8 ,?y wor? ,i own1 ?y fate deplore1 ,all are n happy t are true4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b if rev5ge c ease ?y pa91 ,i'll soo! ! ills ,i _c cure1 ,tell !e ,i drag a hopeless *a91 ,& all t ,i inflict endure6 ,r cold consolation1 b an unexceptionable & moral s5tim5t4 ,! idea1 !re=e1 t ! ,du*ess ( ,rutl& devis$ ,p>asols 9 #ahbf = ! fir/ "t is obvi\sly incorrect1 :atev] h] grace may h done t[>ds r5d]+ !m fa%ionable4 ,capta9 ,cook1 9 "o ( 8 voyages1 saw "s ( ! natives ( ! ,s\? ,pacific ,isl&s1 ) ,umbrellas made ( palm-leaves4 ,we h ?us se5 t ! use bo? ( ! ,umbrella & ,p>asol 0 n unkn[n 9 ,engl& dur+ ! e>li] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,t x 0 n v common1 is evid5t f ! fact t ,g5]al 7!n ,lieut4-,colonel7 ,wolfe1 writ+ f ,p>is 9 #ageb1 speaks ( ! p !re us+ ,umbrellas = ! sun & ra91 & wond]s t a simil> practice does n obta9 9 ,engl&4 ,j ab\t ! same "t !y d seem to h come into g5]al use1 & t pretty rapidly1 z p f\nd _! value1 & got ov] ! %yness natural to a fir/ introduction4 ,jonas ,hanway1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,magdal5 ,hospital1 has ! cr$it ( be+ ! fir/ man :o _h ! c\rage to c>ry "o habitually 9 ,london1 s9ce x is record$ 9 ! life ( t v5]able philan?ropi/1 ! fri5d ( *imney-sweeps & sworn foe to tea1 t he 0 ! fir/ man :o v5tur$ to d>e public reproa* & ridicule by c>ry+ an ,umbrella4 ,he probably felt ! b5efit ( "o dur+ 8 travels 9 ,p]sia1 :]e !y 7 9 con/ant use z a protection aga9/ ! sun1 & x is also said t he 0 9 ill heal? :5 he fir/ made use ( x4 ,x 0 m ?an likely1 h[ev]1 t ,jonas ,hanway's neatness 9 dress & delicate complexion l$ him1 on 8 return f abroad1 to appreciate a luxury hi!rto only conf9$ to ! ladies4 ,mr4 ,pugh1 :o wrote 8 life1 gives ! foll[+ description ( 8 p]sonal appe>ance1 :i* may be reg>d$ z a gem 9 its way3-- ,9 8 dress1 z f> z 0 consi/5t ) 8 ideas ( heal? & ease1 he accommodat$ himself to ! prevail+ fa%ion4 ,z x 0 frequ5tly necess>y = him to appe> 9 polite circles on unexpect$ occasions1 he usually wore dress clo!s ) a l>ge ,fr5* bag4 ,8 hat1 ornam5t$ ) a gold button1 0 ( a size & fa%ion to be worn z well "u ! arm z on ! head4 ,:5 x ra9$1 a small p>apluie def5d$ 8 face & wig4 ,z ,hanway di$ 9 #aghf1 & he is said to h c>ri$ an ,umbrella = ?irty ye>s1 ! date ( its fir/ use by him may be set d[n at ab\t #agej4 ,= "s "t ,umbrellas 7 objects ( d]ision1 especially f ! hackney coa*m51 :o saw 9 _! use an invasion on ! ve/$ rights ( ! frat]nity2 j z hackney coa*es _h once be5 look$ ^u by ! wat]m51 :o ?\ght p %\ld travel by riv]1 n by road4 ,john ,macdonald1 p]haps ! only footman 7always except+ ! great ,mr4 ,james ,yell[plu%7 :o ev] wrote a memoir ( himself1 relates t 9 #aggj1 he us$ to be greet$ ) ! %\t1 ,fr5*man1 ,fr5*man6 :y don't y call a coa*8 :5ev] he w5t out ) 8 f9e silk umbrella1 newly br\ght f ,spa94 ,records ( ! ,umbrella's fir/ appe>ance 9 o!r ,engli% works h also be5 pres]v$4 ,9 ,glasg[ 7accord+ to ! n>rative 9 ,clel&'s ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,glasg[ 7 ! late ,mr4 ,john ,jamieson1 surgeon1 return+ f ,p>is1 br\ght an ,umbrella ) him1 :i* 0 ! fir/ se5 9 ?is city4 ,! doctor1 :o 0 a man ( great hum\r1 took pleasure 9 relat+ to me h[ he 0 />$ at ) 8 ,umbrella4 ,9 ,ed9burgh ,dr4 ,sp5s is said to h be5 ! fir/ to c>ry "o4 ,9 ,bri/ol a r$ ,leghorn ,umbrella appe>$ ab\t #aghj1 accord+ to a writ] 9 ,notes & ,qu]ies1 & creat$ !re no small s5sation4 ,! trade betwe5 ,bri/ol & ,leghorn may acc\nt = ?is4 ,"s five-&-?irty ye>s ago x is said t an old lady 0 liv+ 9 ,taunton :o recollect$ :5 !re 7 only two ,umbrellas 9 ! t[n1 "o ( :i* belong$ to ! cl]gyman4 ,:5 he w5t to *ur*1 he us$ to hang ! ,umbrella up 9 ! por*1 to ! edification & delight ( 8 p>i%ion]s4 ,horace ,walpole tells h[ ,dr4 ,%ebbe>e 7:o 0 prosecut$ = s$iti\s writ+s 9 #ageh7 /ood 9 ! pillory1 hav+ a footman hold+ an umbrella to keep (f ! ra94 ,= p]mitt+ ?is indulg5ce to a malefactor1 ,be>dman1 ! "u-%]iff1 0 puni%$4 ,x is difficult to conceive h[ ! ,umbrella c\ld come into g5]al use1 ow+ to ! /ate 9 :i* ! /reets ( ,london 7 up to a comp>atively rec5t p]iod4 ,! same amus+ au?or to :om we owe ! description ( ,jonas ,hanway1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( !m at ! "t 8 "w 0 publi%$3-- ,x is n easy to convey to a p]son :o has n se5 ! /reets ( ,london be=e !y 7 uni=mly pav$1 a tol]able idea ( _! inconv5i5ce & uncleanl9ess2 ! signs ext5d+ on bo? sides ( ! way into ! /reets1 at unequal di/ances f ! h\ses1 t !y might n int]cept ea* o!r1 greatly ob/ruct$ ! view2 &1 :at is ( m consequ5ce 9 a cr[d$ city1 prev5t$ ! free circulation ( ! air4 ,! footpa?s 7 univ]sally incommod$--ev5 :5 !y 7 s n>r[ z only to admit "o p]son pass+ at a "t--by a r[ ( po/s set on edge next ! c>riage-way4 ,he ^: urg5t bus9ess w\ld n p]mit ( 8 keep+ pace ) ! g5tleman ( leisure be=e him1 turn$ out betwe5 ! two po/s be=e ! door ( "s l>ge h\se into ! c>riage-way4 ,:5 he p]ceiv$ dang] mov+ t[>d him1 he wi%$ to return )9 ! protection ( ! r[ ( po/s2 b !re 0 commonly a rail cont9u$ f ! top ( "o po/ to t ( ano!r1 sometimes = sev]al h\ses toge!r1 9 :i* case he 0 oblig$ to run back to ! fir/ inlet1 or climb ov]1 or creep "u ! rail+1 9 attempt+ :i*1 he might be =tunate if he escap$ ) no o!r injury ?an :at proce$$ f dirt2 if1 intimidat$ by ! dang] he escap$1 he aft]w>ds kept )9 ! b\nd>y ( ! po/s & rail+1 he 0 oblig$ to put aside ! travell]s be=e him1 ^: ha/e 0 less urg5t ?an 81 &1 ^! resi/+1 made 8 j\rney truly a w>f>e4 ,! ,fr5* are reproa*$1 ev5 to a prov]b1 = ! neglect ( ! conv5i5ce ( foot-pass5g]s 9 _! metropolis1 by n provid+ a sep>ate pa? = !m2 b1 great z is ! exposure to dirt 9 ,p>is1 = want ( a footpa?1 :i* _! _m porte-co*res seem likely = ev] to prev5t1 9 ! m important article ( dang]1 ! ,city ( ,london 01 at ?is p]iod1 at lea/ on a p>4 ,h[ com=tless mu/ be ! s5sations ( an un=tunate female1 /opp$ 9 ! /reet on a w9dy day "u a l>ge old sign load$ ) lead & iron 9 full sw+ ov]1 h] head8 & p]haps a torr5t ( ra9 & dirty wat] fall+ ne> f a project+ sp\t1 ornam5t$ ) ! m\? & tee? ( a dragon4 ,^! dang]s & di/resses are n[ at an end2 & we may ?9k ( !m z a sailor does ( a /orm1 :i* has subsid$1 b ! advantages d]iv$ f ! pres5t uni=mity & cleanl9ess c be kn[n only 9 _! full ext5t by comp>+ !m ) ! =m] inconv5i5ces4 ,:5 to ?is description is add$ ! fact t ! hoop petticoat & ano!r article ( dress monopolis$ ! :alebone1 x w be se5 h[ mu* _h to be got ov] be=e an ,umbrella c\ld be c>ri$ out by ! citiz5s ( ,london1 z a walk+-/aff1 ) satisfactory assurance ( protection 9 case ( a %[]4 ,! e>lie/ ,engli% ,umbrellas1 we mu/ also rememb]1 7 made ( oil$ silk1 v clumsy & difficult to op5 :5 wet2 ! /ick & furniture 7 heavy & inconv5i5t1 & ! article v exp5sive4 ,at ! end ( ! c5tury allusions to ! ,umbrella are n infrequ5t4 ,c[p]1 9 8 ,task 7#aghj71 twice m5tions x1 b seems to mean a ,p>asol3-- ,we be> our %ades ab\t u2 self-depriv$ ,( o!r scre51 ! ?9 umbrella spread1 ,& range an ,indian wa/e )\t a tree4 --,b4 i4 ,& aga93-- ,expect h] soon1 ) footboy at h] heels1 ,no long] blu%+ = h] awkw>d load1 ,h] tra9 & h] umbrella all h] c>e4 --,b4 iv1 ,! ,rev4 ,g4 ,c4 ,r5\>d1 writ+ 9 #ahej to ,notes & ,qu]ies1 says3-- ,9 ! hall ( my fa!r's h\se1 at ,/am=d1 9 ,l9coln%ire1 !re 01 :5 ,i 0 a *ild1 ! wreck ( a l>ge gre5 silk umbrella1 app>5tly ( ,*9ese manufacture1 br\ght by my fa!r f ,scotl&1 some:]e betwe5 #aggj & #aghj1 &1 z ,i h (t5 he>d1 ! fir/ umbrella se5 at ,/am=d4 ,i well rememb]1 also1 an amus+ description giv5 by ! late ,mr4 ,w>ry1 s _m ye>s consul at ,smyrna1 ( ! a/oni%m5t & envy ( 8 "m's neighb\rs1 at ,sawbridgewor?1 9 ,hants1 :]e 8 fa!r _h a c\ntry h\se1 :5 he ran home & came back ) an umbrella1 :i* he _h j br\ght f ,leghorn1 to %elt] !m f a pelt+ %[] :i* deta9$ !m 9 ! *ur* por*1 aft] ! s]vice1 on "o summ] ,sunday4 ,f ,mr4 ,w>ry's age at ! "t he m5tion$ ?is1 & o!r circum/ances 9 8 hi/ory1 ,i conjecture t x occurr$ n lat] ?an #agge or #aggf4 ,z ,sawbridgewor? is s ne> ,london1 x is evid5t t ev5 !n umbrellas 7 at t "t almo/ unkn[n4 ,s9ce ?is date1 h[ev]1 ! ,umbrella has come into g5]al use1 & 9 consequ5ce num]\s improvem5ts h be5 effect$ 9 x4 ,! transition to ! pres5t portable =m is due1 p>tly to ! sub/itution ( silk & g+ham = ! heavy & tr\blesome oil$ silk1 :i* admitt$ ( ! ribs & frames be+ made mu* light]1 & also to ! _m +5i\s me*anical improvem5ts 9 ! framework1 *iefly by ,fr5* & ,engli% manufactur]s1 _m ( :i* 7 pat5t$1 & to :i* we purpose pres5tly to allude4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,p>a*ute4 ,9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ! ,umbrella1 x w\ld n be "r to omit m5tion+ ano!r1 & f> f legitimate use 9 :i* x has be5 employ$ by notoriety-hunt+ arti/es--we allude to ! ,p>a*ute2 & a %ort n>ration ( its orig9 & progress may n be un9t]e/+ to our read]s4 ,! ,p>a*ute commonly 9 use is no?+ m or less ?an a huge ,umbrella1 pres5t+ a surface ( suffici5t dim5sion to exp]i5ce f ! air a resi/ance equal to ! weight ( desc5t1 9 mov+ ?r\gh ! fluid at a velocity n exce$+ t ( ! %ock :i* a p]son c su/a9 )\t dang] or injury4 ,x is made ( silk or cotton4 ,to ! out] edge cords are fa/5$1 ( ab\t ! same l5g? z ! diamet] ( ! ma*9e 7#bd to #bh feet74 ,a c5tre cord is atta*$ to ! apex & meets ! cords f ! m>g91 act+1 9 fact1 z ! /ick ( ! ,umbrella4 ,! ma*9e is ?us kept exp&$ dur+ desc5t4 ,! c> is fa/5$ to ! c5tre cord1 & ! :ole atta*$ to ! balloon 9 su* a mann] t x may be readily & quickly deta*$1 ei!r by cutt+ a /r+1 or pull+ a trigg]4 ,consequ5tly1 9 ! ,ea/1 :]e ! ,umbrella has be5 f ! e>lie/ ages 9 famili> use1 x appe>s to h be5 occasionally employ$ by vault]s1 to enable !m to jump safely f great heights4 ,fa!r ,l\bre1 9 8 curi\s acc\nt ( ,siam1 relates1 t a p]son fam\s 9 t c\ntry = 8 dext]ity1 us$ to div]t ! ,k+ & ,c\rt by ! extraord9>y leaps he took1 hav+ two ,umbrellas ) long sl5d] h&les1 fa/5$ to 8 girdle4 ,9 #aghc ,m4 le ,norm& demon/rat$ ! utility ( ! ,p>a*ute2 by lift+ himself d[n f ! w9d[s ( a high h\se at ,lyons4 ,8 idea 0 t x might be made a sort ( fire-escape4 ,blan*>d 0 ! fir/ p]son :o con/ruct$ a ,p>a*ute to act z a safety-gu>d to ! a]onaut 9 case ( any accid5t4 ,dur+ an excursion he made f ,lille1 9 #aghe1 :5 he trav]s$1 )\t /opp+1 a di/ance ( #cjj miles1 he let d[n a ,p>a*ute ) a basket fa/5$ to x conta9+ a dog4 ,?is he suff]$ to fall f a great height1 & x rea*$ ! gr\nd 9 safety4 ,! fir/ ,p>a*ute desc5t f a balloon1 h[ev]1 0 made by ,jacques ,g>n]91 on ! #bbnd ( ,octob]1 #agig1 9 ! ,p>k ( ,monceau4 ,de la ,l&e1 ! celebrat$ a/ronom]1 has furni%$ a detail$ & highly int]e/+ acc\nt ( ?is fooli% exp]im5t4 ,g>n]9 resid$ 9 ,london dur+ ! %ort peace ( #ahjb1 & made two asc5ts ) 8 balloon1 9 ! second ( :i* he let himself fall1 at an amaz+ height1 ) a ,p>a*ute ( #bc feet diamet]4 ,he />t$ f an enclosure ne> ,nor? ,audley ,/reet1 & desc5d$ aft] hav+ be5 sev5 or eight m9utes 9 ! air4 ,aft] cutt+ himself away1 he float$ ov] ,m>ylebone & ,som]s ,t[n1 & fell 9 a field ne> ,/4 ,pancras ,old ,*ur*4 ,! oscillation 0 s great1 t he 0 ?r[n out ( ! ,p>a*ute1 & n>r[ly escap$ dea?4 ,he seem$ a good deal fright5$1 & said t ! p]il 0 too great = endurance4 ,"o ( ! /ays ( ! ma*9e hav+ giv5 way1 8 dang] 0 increas$4 ,! next p]son :o tri$ ?is dang]\s exp]im5t 0 8 niece1 ,eliza ,g>n]91 :o desc5d$ sev]al times 9 safety4 ,h] ,p>a*ute _h a l>ge orifice 9 ! top1 9 ord] to *eck ! oscillation1 & ?is appe>s to h be5 tol]ably successful4 ,! next exp]im5tali/ 0 a p]son ( ! "n ( ,cock+1 :o end$ 8 days 9 a mann] unwor?y 8 tal5ts1 ?r\gh a s]ies ( lam5table mi/akes4 ,8 ,p>a*ute 0 con/ruct$ on ! opposite pr9ciple1 ( a w$ge-l =m1 & 0 int5d$ to cleave ?r\gh ! air1 in/ead ( (f]+ a resi/ance to x4 ,x has n yet be5 prov$ t ! pr9ciple 0 wrong1 b ! defect lay 9 ! weakness ( ! mat]ials employ$ 9 ! =mation ( ! ,p>a*ute4 ,on ! #bi? ,july1 #ahcg1 ,mr4 ,cock+ asc5d$ 9 8 new ,p>a*ute1 atta*$ to ! ,great ,nassau ,balloon4 ,mr4 ,cock+ lib]at$ himself f ! balloon1 ! ,p>a*ute collaps$ & fell1 at a frightful rate1 into a field ne> ,lea1 :]e poor ,cock+ 0 f\nd ) an awful w\nd on 8 "r temple4 ,he nev] spoke1 b di$ almo/ imm$iately aft]w>ds4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t ! desc5t 0 ev] all[$ to take place4 ,! a]onauts !mselves 7 = "s "t 9 a /ate ( imm95t p]il4 ,imm$iately ! ,p>a*ute 0 cut away1 ! balloon asc5d$ ) frightful velocity1 ow+ to ! asc5d+ p[] x necess>ily ga9$ by be+ fre$ f a weight ( ne>ly #ejj p\nds2 & _h x n be5 t its occupants appli$ _! m\?s to ! air-bags previ\sly provid$1 !y mu/ h be5 suffocat$ by ! escap+ gas4 ,:5 ! re-action took place1 ! balloon _h lo/ its buoyancy1 & fell1 r ?an desc5d$1 to ! gr\nd4 ,mr4 ,hampton 0 ! next p]son :o attempt$ ! exp]im5t1 & made ?ree desc5ts 9 a ,p>a*ute 9 succession )\t injury4 ,undet]r$ by ! awful fate ( 8 pr$ecessor1 ?is g5tleman det]m9$ on mak+ a ,p>a*ute desc5t :i* %\ld prove ! correctness ( ! !ory1 & ! ,montpelli] ,g>d5s at ,*elt5ham 7 select$ z ! sc5e ( ! exploit4 ,ow+ to ! c5sure :i* 0 atta*$ to ! proprietors ( ! ,vauxhall ,g>d5s1 = p]mitt+ dock+'s asc5t1 ! own]s ( ! ,g>d5s at ,*elt5ham w\ld n suff] ! exp]im5t to be made1 & ,mr4 ,hampton 0 oblig$ to h rec\rse to /ratagem4 ,z he 0 p]mitt$ to display 8 ,p>a*ute 9 ! mann] he int5d$ to use x1 ! idea sudd5ly fla%$ across 8 m9d t1 he c\ld c>ry out 8 long-nurs$ wi%es4 ,he sudd5ly cut ! rope :i* kept him d[n1 & w5t (f1 to ! a/oni%m5t ( ! spectators3 ! la/ *e]+ s\nd t rea*$ him be+--,he w be kill$ to a dead c]ta9ty6 ,aft] atta9+ an altitude ( ne>ly two miles1 ,mr4 ,hampton proce$$ to cut ! rope t held him atta*$ to ! balloon4 ,he paus$ = a second or two1 z he rememb]$ t x w\ld soon be life or dea? ) him1 b at l5g? drew 8 knife across ! rope4 ,! fir/ feel+s he exp]i5c$ 7 bo? unpleasant & al>m+2 8 eyes & ! top ( 8 head appe>$ to be =c$ upw>ds1 b ?is pass$ (f 9 a few seconds1 & 8 feel+s subsequ5tly became pleasant1 r ?an disagreeable4 ,s /eady & sl[ 0 ! desc5t t ! ,p>a*ute appe>$ to be /ation>y4 ,mr4 ,hampton rememb]$ t a bag ( balla/ 0 fa/5$ b5ea? ! c>1 he /oop$ ov] & upset ! s&1 he also not$ by 8 wat* ! "t he occupi$ 9 desc5d+4 ,! e>? seem$ com+ up to him rapidly2 ! ,p>a*ute indicat$ its approa* to t]ra1 firma by a slight oscillation1 & he pres5tly /ruck ! gr\nd 9 ! c5tre ( a field1 :]e he 0 fir/ welcom$ by a %eep1 :i* />$ at ?is visitor f ! cl\ds 9 utt] amazem5t4 ,mr4 ,hampton repeat$ ! exp]im5t twice 9 ,london1 ?\gh on bo? occasions ) consid]able dang] to himself1 ! fir/ "t fall+ on a tree 9 ,k5s+ton ,g>d5s1 ! second on a h\se1 :i* ?rew him out ( ! basket4 ,aft] ?is exp]im5t !re 0 a lull 9 ! ,p>a*ute folly until "s tw5ty ye>s ago1 :5 ,madame ,poitev9 />tl$ ! ,metropolis f its propriety by h] p]il\s escapes bo? 9 life & limb4 ,al?\gh consid]able +5uity 0 display$ 9 ! plan ( exp&+ ! ,p>a*ute by ! sudd5 dis*>ge ( gas f ! balloon2 /ill ! v fact ( a woman be+ expos$ to su* dang] by h] husb&1 w1 we tru/1 h]eaft] prev5t ,engli%m5 f c\nt5anc+ su* an exhibition by _! pres5ce4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,umbrella ,,/ories4 ,:o c\ld = a mom5t suppose t s important an article z ! ,umbrella w\ld be )\t its light] z well z its m s]i\s hi/ory8 ,umbrellas are /ill1 we regret to say1 reg>d$ r 9 a comic ?an a s]i\s light2 s1 if any ( ! foll[+ anecdotes seem to treat ( ,umbrellas 9 too mock+ or frivol\s a ve91 x is ! fault ( ! bad ta/e ( ! ,briti% public1 n ours1 :o h m]ely compil$4 ,h[ev]1 we may comm5ce ) a v neat little ,fr5* riddle4 ,quel e/ l'objet que l'on re*]*e le plus qu& on s'en dgte8 ,a my/]i\s inquiry1 & all sorts ( horrible b ne$ful abom9ations occur to ! m9d 9 answ]4 ,b ! answ] is n s bad aft] all4 ,*ange ! spell+ )\t alt]+ ! pronunciation1 & y get qu& on s5t des g\ties1 &1 lo6 y h x at once--le ,p>apluie--! fai?ful fri5d ^: pres5ce we mo/ desire :5 we wi% lea/ = ! necessity ( x2 ! burd5 ( our f9e days1 ! %elt] ( our wet ones4 ,or aga91 w\ld y l a v]se or two on ! same subject8 ,p\r tr5ne1 on veut l'envie ,du frais et du neuf et du beau1 ,je dis que c'e/ un p>apluie1 ,que l'on doit donn] en cas d'eau4 ,! au?or ( ^! two jeux de mots unhappily we d n "k1 or we w\ld ?ank him = !m4 ,! ,engli% poet ( ! ,umbrella has yet to be born4 ,! next /ory relates to ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,umbrella 9 ,scotl&1 & may probably be ref]r$ to ! "t :5 good ,dr4 ,jamieson 0 walk+ ab\t ,glasg[ ) 8 new-fangl$ %elt]+ app>atus1 :i* he _h br\ght ) him on 8 return f ,p>is4 ,z x 0 ! fir/ ev] se5 9 t city1 x attract$ univ]sal att5tion1 & a va/ am\nt ( impud5ce f ! horrid boys4 ,! foll[+ anecdote1 !n1 :i* we borr[ f a ,scot* pap]1 mo/ probably ref]s to ! same p]iod1 or !reab\ts 3-- ,:5 ,umbrellas 7 fir/ m>*$ into ,blairg[rie1 !y 7 sport$ only by ! m9i/] & ! laird1 & 7 look$ ^u by ! common class ( p z a p]fect ph5om5on4 ,"o day ,daniel ,m-- w5t to ,colonel ,mc,pherson1 at ,blairg[rie ,h\se2 :5 ab\t to return1 a %[] came on1 & ! colonel politely (f]$ him ! loan ( an ,umbrella1 :i* he gladly accept$1 & ,daniel1 ) 8 head two or ?ree in*es high] ?an usual1 m>*$ (f4 ,n long aft] he _h left1 h[ev]1 ! colonel aga9 saw ,daniel po/+ t[>ds him ) all possible ha/e1 /ill o'ertopp$ by 8 cotton canopy 7silk ,umbrellas 7 out ( ! "q 9 ^? days71 :i* he held out1 salut+ him )--' ,hae1 hae1 ,kornil1 ?is'll nev] d6 !re's nae a door 9 all my h\se t'll tak x 92 my v b>n-door w9na' tak x 94' ,9 ! v]aci\s ,hi/ory ( ,s&=d & ,m]ton1 if our memory s]ves u aright1 !re is an in/ance quot$ ( rem>kable pres5ce ( m9d relat+ to an ,umbrella & its own]4 ,! memb]s ( a com=table pic-nic p>ty 7 cosily assembl$ 9 "s "p ( ,india1 :5 an unbidd5 & mo/ unwelcome gue/ made 8 appe>ance1 9 ! %ape ( a huge ,b5gal tig]4 ,mo/ p]sons w\ld1 naturally1 h s\ght safety 9 flight1 & n /ay$ to hob-&-nob ) ?is d5iz5 ( ! jungle2 n s1 h[ev]1 ?\ght a lady ( ! p>ty1 :o1 inspir$ by h] innate c\rage1 or ! fe> ( los+ h] d9n] --p]haps by bo? comb9$ seiz$ h] ,umbrella1 & op5$ x sudd5ly 9 ! face ( ! tig] z he /ood wi/fully gaz+ ^u br[n curry & foam+ ,allsop4 ,! a/oni%$ brute turn$ tail & fl$1 & ! lady sav$ h] d9n]4 ,n _m ye>s ago ! ,umbrella 0 employ$ 9 an equally curi\s mann]1 ?\gh n s successfully z 9 ! =m] in/ance4 ,9 ! campaign ( #agic1 ,g5]al ,b\rnonville1 :o 0 s5t ) f\r commission]s by ! ,national ,conv5tion to ! camp ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,saxe-,coburg1 0 deta9$ z a prison] ) 8 companions1 & conf9$ 9 ! =tress ( ,olmtz4 ,9 ?is situation he made a desp]ate attempt to rega9 8 lib]ty4 ,hav+ procur$ an ,umbrella1 he leap$ ) x f a w9d[ =ty feet above ! gr\nd1 b be+ a v heavy man1 x did n prove suffici5t to let him d[n 9 safety4 ,he /ruck aga9/ an opposite wall1 fell into a dit* & broke 8 leg1 &1 worse ?an all1 0 c>ri$ back to 8 prison4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable in/ances on record1 9 :i* ! ,umbrella 0 ! ag5cy ( a man's life be+ sav$1 occurr$1 accord+ to 8 own /atem5t1 to our old fri5d ,colonel ,longb[4 ,( c\rse our k9d read]s "k him z well z we d1 = n to d s w\ld be to argue y\rselves unkn[n4 ,at any ,cont95tal wat]+ place1 ,longb[1 or "o ( 8 family--= x is a l>ge "o--c be met )4 ,he is1 inde$1 a wond]ful man--on intimate t]ms ) all ! cr[n$ heads ( ,europe1 & proves 8 intimacy by always speak+ ( !m by _! ,*ri/ian names4 ,he is at once ! guide1 philosoph]1 & fri5d ( e /rang] :o happ5s to =m 8 acqua9tance--a v easy task1 be x rem>k$--&1 ?\gh s great a man1 is n above d9+ at y\r exp5se1 & *>m+ y by ! t]ms ( easy famili>ity ) :i* he imbibes y\r *ampagne or y\r port]1 = all is alike to him1 s long z he has n to pay = x3 he c take any giv5 quantity4 ,well1 ! o!r day we happ5$ to meet ! ,colonel1 & he spe$ily contriv$ to discov] t we 7 on ! po9t ( go+ to d9e1 & s invit$ him to %>e our humble meal1 z a graceful way ( mak+ a virtue ( necessity1 = _h we n done s1 he w\ld h _h no hesitation 9 invit+ himself4 ,dur+ d9n]1 conv]sation1 ( c\rse1 turn$ ^u "o all-engross+ subject1 ! w>1 & ! ,colonel proce$$ to give u 8 exp]i5ces ( =m] w>s1 includ+ 8 adv5tures 9 ! ,crimea1 & ! miracul\s escape he ow$ to an ,umbrella4 ,x appe>$ t he _h gone out ) 8 fri5d1 ,"l ,levant1 on a ya*t+ excursion 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 & !y ev5tually f\nd _! way into ! ,black ,sea4 ,/ress ( wea!r compell$ !m to put into ! little port ( ,yalta1 on ! nor? coa/1 :]e !y w5t on %ore4 ,! ,colonel1 on ! ,lucretian pr9ciple ( ,suave m>i magno1 c41 proce$$ ! next morn+ to ! v]ge ( ! precipice to obs]ve ! magnific5t prospect ( a sea runn+ m\nta9s high4 ,z x 0 ra9+ at ! "t1 he put up a huge g+ham ,umbrella he happ5$ to f9d 9 ! hotel4 ,sudd5ly1 h[ev]1 a furi\s bla/ ( w9d drove across ! cliff1 & lift$ ! ,colonel bodily 9 ! air4 ,away he flew f> out to sea1 ! ,umbrella act+ z a ,p>a*ute to let him fall easy4 ,n[ to mo/ m5 ?is w\ld only h be5 a *oice ( evils1 a progress f ,scylla to ,*>ybdis3 n s to our ,colonel4 ,on com+ up to ! surface aft] 8 fir/ dip1 he f\nd t swimm+ w\ld n save him2 s he quietly empti$ out ! wat] conta9$ 9 ! ,umbrella1 seat$ himself ^u x1 & sail$ triumphantly into ! h>b\r1 l ,arion on 8 dolph94 ,our face1 on he>+ ?is anecdote1 mu/ h betray$ ! scepticism we felt1 = ! ,colonel proce$$ to a corn] ( ! room1 & produc$ ! id5tical ,umbrella4 ,( c\rse1 su* a pro( 0 irresi/ible1 & we 7 compell$ to d p5ance = our unbelief by l5d+ ! gallant ,colonel a sov]eign1 = ! ,bank 0 clos$4 ,we ?\ght ! anecdote *eap at ! price4 ,!re is a /ory told ( "o ( our ,city bank]s1 t he ow$ an excell5t wife to ! int]position ( an ,umbrella4 ,x appe>s t on return+ home "o day 9 a heavy %[] ( ra91 he f\nd a "y lady /&+ 9 8 doorway4 ,polit5ess induc$ him to invite h] to take %elt] "u 8 ro(1 & ev5tually to (f] h] ! loan ( an ,umbrella4 ,( c\rse1 ! gallant bank] call$ = x ! next day1 & ! acqua9tance ?us accid5tally made1 soon rip5$ into mutual affection4 ,?is species ( ,umbrella c\rt%ip has be5 immortalis$ 9 m ?an "o song1 none ( :i*1 h[ev]1 are q wor? quot+4 ,a wor?y little ,fr5*man ( our acqua9tance 0 ord]$ by 8 m$ical man to take a c\rse ( %[]-ba?s4 ,su* ?+s be+ unkn[n to him 9 8 fa!rl&1 he ( c\rse f\nd ! fir/ essay rem>kably unpleasant1 b ) native +5uity he soon discov]$ a rem$y4 ,on our ask+ him h[ he lik$ ! hydropa?ic sy/em1 he repli$1 ,oh1 mais c'e/ *>mant1 mon ami2 ,i always take my p>apluie wid me into de ba?4 ,d\glas ,j]rold1 9 8 well-kn[n ,pun*'s ,lett]s to 8 ,son1 gives an anecdote ( :i* we c only say1 si non v]o1 b5 trovato4 ,x at all ev5ts illu/rates ! frightful morality t exi/s ) reg>d to borr[+ ,umbrellas4 ,hopk9s once l5t ,simpson1 8 next-door neighb\r1 an ,umbrella4 ,y w judge ( ! intellect ( ,hopk9s1 n s mu* f ! act ( l5d+ an ,umbrella1 b f 8 insane endeav\r to get x back aga94 ,x p\r$ 9 torr5ts1 ,hopk9s _h an urg5t call4 ,hopk9s knock$ at ,simpson's door4 ',i want my ,umbrella4' ,n[ ,simpson _h also a call 9 a directly opposite way to ,hopk9s2 & ) ! borr[$ ,umbrella 9 8 h&1 0 advanc+ to ! ?re%old4 ',i tell y1' ro>$ ,hopk9s1 ',i want my ,umbrella4' ',c't h x1' said ,simpson4 ',:y1 ,i want to g to ! ,ea/-end2 x ra9s 9 torr5ts2 :at'--scream$ ,hopk9s--':at am ,i to d = an ,umbrella8' ',d6' answ]$ ,simpson1 d>t+ f ! door1 'd z ,i did--,,borr[ ,,"o4' ,! ,umbrella has be5 mo/ successfully introduc$ on ! /age4 ,:at1 = in/ance1 w\ld ,paul ,pry h be5 )\t t valuable implem5t = :i* to inquire ) 8 /]eotyp$ ,hope ,i don't intrude8 ,or 8 ,fr5* successor1 ! nobleman 9 ,! ,gr& ,du*ess1 :o inquires1 9 pla9tive acc5ts1 = ,le p>apluie de ma m]e1 j aft] ,s*neid] has be5 declaim+ ab\t h] fa!r's sabre8 ,m]ely to br+ a big ,umbrella on ! /age is an ackn[l$g$ way ( rais+ a laugh4 ,mrs4 ,gamp aga91 ) h] receptacle = unconsid]$ trifles1 _c be realis$ ap>t f h] ,umbrella4 ,& !n1 ^? hir$ wait]s :o come into our h\ses ) an ,umbrella ( graceful proportions1 & em]ge t[>ds ! small h\rs ) a mo/ ple?oric p>apluie1 :i* looks z if x _h be5 regal+ on ! good ?+s z well z its ma/]6 ,x us$ to appe> to u a comical sight1 ye>s back1 9 ! old city ( ,p>is1 to see ! ,national ,gu>d go+ to ex]cise ) a musket 9 "o h& & an ,umbrella 9 ! o!r1 & we d>e say x 0 a v s5sible plan aft] all1 & might h be5 imitat$ ) success be=e ,seba/opol4 ,a /\t /eel ,umbrella w\ld (f] no contemptible %elt] to a rifleman4 ,?is circum/ance1 too1 may ?r[ a light on a hi!rto obscure passage 9 ,macbe?1 :]e ,birnam ,wood moves to ,duns9ane--= x is j possible t ! soldi]s cut d[n ! bran*es to s]ve !m z a protection f ! ra94 ,we ?r[ out ?is z a h9t to any ent]pris+ manag]4 ,9 ,g]many1 on ! o!r h&1 a soldi] is--or us$ to be--/rictly =bidd5 f c>ry+ an op5 ,umbrella1 unless he is accompani$ by a civilian or a lady4 ,a wor?y corporal1 on "o occasion1 0 s5t to fet* an ,umbrella 8 ,major's lady _h left at a fri5d's h\se1 & at ! same "t took h] lapdog = an air+4 ,on ! road home a viol5t %[] came on1 &1 to avoid committ+ a brea* ( ! regulations1 "u 8 arm he tuck$ ! dog1 :i* 0 conta9$1 accord+ to 8 ideas1 9 bo? ! above categories1 put up ! ,umbrella1 & m>*$ v com=tably to b>racks4 ,) "o m *>act]i/ic anecdote we w close our budget4 ,"o ev5+1 :ile ,r[l& ,hill 0 prea*+1 a %[] came on1 & 8 *apel 0 spe$ily fill$ ) devotees4 ,) t peculi> s>ca/ic intonation :i* none c\ld assume s successfully z himself1 he quietly rem>k$1 ,my bre?r51 ,i h (t5 he>d t religion c be made a cloak1 b ?is is ! fir/ occasion on :i* ,i ev] knew x c\ld be conv]t$ into an ,umbrella4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,reg5]ation ,,( ,,! ,,umbrella4 ,our task is n[ ne>ly complet$3 we h describ$ ! hi/ory ( ! ,p>asol1 & its ne> relation ! ,umbrella1 z f> z our space p]mits u to treat ( ?is int]e/+ subject4 ,all t rema9s = u to d is to give an acc\nt ( ! pr9cipal improvem5ts effect$ 9 ! ,umbrella dur+ lat] ye>s4 ,x is c]ta9 t ,france 0 "s way ahead ( u ) reg>d to ! use ( ,umbrellas1 = !y 7 comp>atively common !re be=e !y 7 at all kn[n l'autre ct 'de la ,man*e4 ,?is 0 b natural1 consid]+ t !y 71 z we h se51 us$ 9 ,italy1 & consequ5tly ! folk ( s\!rn ,france w\ld n be likely to be f> beh9d _! neighb\rs 9 avail+ !mselves ( ! protection f ! sun1 :e!r or no !y _h suffici5t g5ius to %elt] !mselves f ! ra9 by ! aid ( an ,umbrella4 ,9 ,france ,p>asols & ,umbrellas us$ to be among/ ! articles made by ! corporate body ( ,b\rsi]s4 ,m4 ,natalis ,rondot quotes f ! ,j\rnal du ,citoy51 ( #aged1 ! price ( ,p>asols4 ,x rang$ f #gs4 #c;d4 to #ags4 #f;d41 accord+ to ! con/ruction1 & to :e!r !y 7 made to fold up or n4 ,9 ,did]ot & ,d',alemb]t's ,encyclopdic1 is figur$ an ,umbrella1 :i* is describ$ z foll[s1 9 ! excell5t introduction to ! ,abridgem5ts ( ,specifications relat+ to ,umbrellas1 lately publi%$ by ! ,commission]s ( ,pat5ts3-- ,! ribs be> ab\t ! same proportion 7z 9 mod]n umbrellas7 z reg>ds l5g?1 to ! /ick1 b ! /ret*]s are mu* %ort]1 be+ less ?an a qu>t] ( ! l5g? ( ! ribs4 ,!y are d\ble1 ea* rib hav+ a pair jo9$1 "o on ea* side ( ! rib1 at ! same po9t4 ,! ribs are jo9$ at ! top by be+ /rung on a r+1 z 9 old ,engli% umbrellas1 b ! runn] is made ( precisely simil> con/ruction to ! mod]n runn]1 & seems almo/ id5tical ) t describ$ 9 ,caney's ,specification 7pat5t ,no4 #egfa1 ,a4,d4 #ahbi74 ,ribs & /icks are jo9t$1 ! latt] 9 two places4 ,!re is no cat* to hold ! umbrella clos$1 b ?is upp] cat* is ! ord9>y b5t wire "o4 ,! upp] jo9t ( ! /ick is made ) a screw1 ! l[] ( a h+e ) a slide1 z 9 a mod]n p>asol4 ,! slide has a cat*1 resembl+ ! ord9>y runn] cat*4 ,at ! top is a r+ = c>ry+ or susp5d+ ! umbrella4 ,su* 0 ! old ,fr5* ,umbrella1 & t us$ 9 ,engl& 0 ( mu* ! same sort4 ,! old ,fr5* fold+ ,p>asol is ?us describ$ 9 ! ,report ( ! ,jurors = ! ,exhibition ( #ahea3-- ,! fold+ p>asol 0 con/ruct$ ) jo9t$ ribs s z to fold back1 & 0 likewise self-op5+4 ,! rod 0 a metallic tube1 & conta9$ a spiral spr+ :i* act$ ^u & press$ upw>ds an inn] rod4 ,to ?is inn] rod 7 jo9t$ ! /ret*]s1 :i* 9 ?is con/ruction 7 plac$ above ! ribs in/ead ( bel[1 z 9 ! ord9>y =m1 beside :i* !y 7 mu* %ort]1 s z to admit ( _! be+ conceal$ by ! cov]+4 ,by ! ela/icity ( ! spiral spr+ conta9$ 9 ! holl[ /em1 ! inn] rod 0 press$ outw>ds & lift$ ! /ret*]s1 & by _! means rais$ ! ribs also1 s t 9 its ord9>y or natural /ate ! umbrella 0 always op51 & w\ld cont9ue s unless con/ra9$ to rema9 clos$ by a cat*4 ,on releas+ ! cat* x consequ5tly sprang op54 ,9 ord] t x might be easily clos$1 f\r cords 7 atta*$ to f\r ( ! ribs & pass$ to ! h&le2 & a loop embrac+ ^! cords pass$ d[n by ! side ( ! h&le1 & enabl$ ! possessor to close 8 umbrella )\t difficulty4 ,f ! au?ority already quot$1 we le>n t :alebone 0 employ$ = ! ribs1 & t _! numb] v>i$ ) _! l5g?2 = example1 :5 #bd in*es long ! numb] employ$ 0 #h2 :5 #be in*es1 #i2 & :5 #bf1 #bh & #cj in*es1 #aj 7 us$4 ,calico 0 employ$ to cov] umbrellas1 & silk to cov] p>asols4 ,! use ( p>asols 0 common 9 ,lyons at t p]iod 7#aghf72 !y 7 c>ri$ by m5 z well z wom52 !y 7 rose-col\r$1 :ite1 & ( o!r col\rs1 & 7 s light z to be c>ri$ )\t inconv5i5ce4 ,! ,encyclop$ic ,m?odique gives "s int]e/+ p>ticul>s z to ! manufacture ( ,p>asols & ,umbrellas at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,f x1 x appe>s t ! ribs 7 occasionally made ( metal4 ,on t5d cette c\v]ture portative p> le moy5 de quelques br9s de bale9e1 ou de fils de cuivre ou de f] qui la s\ti5n5t4 ,?is is int]e/+1 z %[+ t metal ribs are n a v mod]n inv5tion4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t ( ! comp>ative weights & sizes ( ,umbrellas 0 prep>$ by ,m4 ,f>ge = ! ,fr5* ,exposition ( #ahdi3-- ,umbrellas ,l5g? ( ribs4 ,weight1 ( in*es4 ,lb4 oz4 #afde #ca #a_/b #c #h #a_/b #agdj #bi #a #ac #aghj #bh #c_/d #a #h #a_/b #ahdj #bg #a_/b #j #ac #a_/d #ahdi #bg #j #h #c_/d ,f #ahjh to #ahdh1 eighty pat5ts 7 tak5 out 9 ,france = inv5tions1 ?ree ( importation1 & =ty-"o = improvem5ts 9 ,umbrellas4 ,9 ,engl&1 aft] _! fir/ introduction1 ! manufacture ( ,umbrellas increas$ rapidly4 ,! fir/ pat5t is dat$ #aghj1 & 0 tak5 up by ,m>k ,bull = ,a ma*9e = support+ an ,umbrella1 :i* may be fixt to any saddle or :eel'd c>riage1 be+ f> m compleat ?an any hi!rto inv5t$4 ,! inv5tion is describ$ 9 ! foll[+ words 3-- ,!re is a ball & socket ( /eel or iron1 or any o!r metal or composition4 ,! ball moves 9 any direction1 & is fix$ by "o1 two1 ?ree1 or m po9ts1 :i* are =c$ aga9/ x ei!r by a screw or spr+1 ,! ball is made ) small cavities to receive ! po9ts :i* press aga9/ x4 ,9 ord] to secure x ! m effectually 9 ! ball1 !re is a hole :i* receives ! "o end ( ! /aff ( ! umbrella1 :i* is secur$ 9 x ei!r by a spr+ or screw1 or a slid+ or a spr+ bolt4 ,! umbrella may be tak5 away f ! /aff2 & ei!r put "u ! seat ( ! saddle1 or fix'd be=e ! rid]4 ,! /aff may be made :ole or 9 two pieces1 ! "o to slide )9 ! o!r1 9 ord] to raise or l[] ! umbrella1 & be fix'd ei!r by a spr+ or screw4 ,!y are fix'd 9 ! head ( ! saddle & cov]'d by a top1 )\t mak+ ! saddle appe> 9 ! lea/ diff]5t to :at !y are n[ made4 ,! next is ( ! date ( #aghf1 & 0 tak5 out by ,john ,beale = ,an umbrella ) jo9ts1 flat spr+s1 & /ops1 worm spr+s & bolts1 slip bolts1 screws1 slip rivet1 & cross /op & squ>e slips1 & ! mann] 9 :i* ! same are p]=m$ is p>ticul>ly describ$ 9 ! sev]al plans1 figures1 or draw+s annex$4 ,! draw+s ref]r$ to are n easily intelligible1 f ! briefness ( ! explanation atta*$1 b %[ an ,umbrella ) a jo9t$ h&le1 op5+ by a spr+4 ,9 ! next ye> 7#aghg7 we f9d an adv]tisem5t put out by ,?omas ,folgham1 ( ,*eapside1 /at+ t he has a great assortm5t ( 8 mu*-approv$ pocket & portable umbrellas1 :i* = lightness1 elegance1 & /r5g?1 f> exce$ any?+ ( ! k9d ev] import$ or manufactur$ 9 ?is k+dom4 ,all k9ds ( common umbrellas prep>$ 9 a p>ticul> way1 t w nev] /ick toge!r4 ,a description ( ! ,umbrellas :i*1 9 all probability1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,folgham made1 we extract f ! s\rce m5tion$ above4 ,! e>ly ,umbrellas 7 made ( oil$ silk1 or glaz$ cotton clo?1 & 7 v cumbr\s & inconv5i5t4 ,to judge f a picture ( ,hanway1 & f ! o!r old pictures m5tion$ above1 !y 7 small1 ) a v long h&le4 ,!y 7 n us$ = walk+1 & consequ5tly in/ead ( ! f]rule _h a r+ at ! top1 by :i* !y 7 hung up4 ,! /ret*]s 7 ( cane1 & ! ribs ( cane or :alebone4 ,in/ead ( ! pres5t top-not* & runn]1 bo? ribs & /ret*]s 7 simply /rung on a r+ ( wire1 & ! inequality ( ! friction & ! weakness ( su* an arrangem5t cause ! ,umbrella to be always gett+ out ( ord]4 ,! ribs & /ret*]s 7 jo9t$ toge!r v r\ghly1 by a p9 pass+ ?r\gh ! rib1 on :i* ! =k$ end ( ! /ret*] h+$4 ,! fir/ improvem5t 9 ?is respect 0 by ,caney 7pat5t ,no4 #egfa1 ,a4,d4 #ahbi71 :o inv5t$ a top-not* & runn] 9 :i* ea* rib or /ret*] has a sep>ate h+e4 ,! top-not* 0 made ( a not*$ :eel or disc1 into ea* slot ( :i* an axis fix$ on ! top ( ! /ret*]s work$4 ,! runn] 0 made on a simil> pr9ciple4 ,at ! po9t ( ! rib :]e ! /ret*] jo9$ x1 ,caney fix$ a middle bit1 consi/+ ( a small =k1 9 :i* ! end ( ! /ret*] 0 h+$4 ,?is con/ruction 0 mu* /rong]1 & ! =k$ ends ( ! /ret*]s 7 ?us prev5t$ f we>+ out ! cov]1 z be=e4 ,) modifications1 m or less important1 ?is con/ruction is ! same z t n[ 9 g5]al use4 ,! pr9cipal object ( all ^? :o h devot$ _! att5tion to ! task has be5 to r$uce ! weight ( ! ,umbrella )\t1 at ! same "t1 dim9i%+ its /r5g?4 ,9 its primitive =m ! ribs 7 =m$ ( :alebone1 :i* possess$ v grave inconv5i5ces2 9 ! fir/ place1 x 0 cumb]some to a degree1 lo/ its ela/icity aft] any cont9u\s exposure to ra91 & if dri$ )\t v great c>e1 0 extremely liable to crack4 ,9 ! next place1 ! price 0 v high1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! masses rema9$ unrepres5t$ 9 ! ,umbrella m>ket4 ,! mo/ important improvem5t dates f ! introduction ( /eel in/ead ( :alebone1 :i* took place ab\t ?irty ye>s ago1 = al?\gh a few ,umbrellas 7 occasionally made & us$ ( ?is mat]ial prior to t "t1 x _h n come into g5]al use4 ,among/ o!r improvem5ts h be5 ! foll[+3-- ,! tips are n[ made 9 "o piece ) ! rib1 in/ead ( be+ made ( bone1 japann$ metal or o!r mat]ial1 & !n fa/5$ on4 ,! long six-in* runn]s h giv5 way to ! %ort "o two in*es long1 & ! f]rules are also mu* %ort] ?an =m]ly4 ,to keep ! ,umbrella clos$ ! old-fa%ion$ plan 0 a r+ fa/5$ by a /r+4 ,a tape & cotton sup]s$$ ?is1 & 9 its turn gave way to ! ela/ic n[ 9 use4 ,slid+ caps to fit ov] ! ends ( ! ribs & hold ! ,umbrella clos$1 h be5 inv5t$1 b until q rec5tly d n seem to h come mu* into use4 ,simple z ! con/ruction ( an ,umbrella may appe>1 !re h be5 altoge!r upw>ds ( ?ree hundr$ pat5ts tak5 out = v>i\s improvem5ts 9 _! manufacture1 9 addition to num]\s alt]ations :i* h be5 regi/]$ accord+ to ! ,act1 ,vic4 #f #g1 ,cap4 #fe4 ,) v few exceptions ! inv5tors h n be5 repaid ! co/ ( _! pat5ts4 ,?is has aris51 p>tly f ! delicacy ( _! me*anical con/ruction1 unfitt$ = ! r\gh usage to :i* ,umbrellas are expos$2 b *iefly 9 consequ5ce ( ! increas$ co/ ( manufacture n be+ comp5sat$ by ! improvem5ts effect$4 ,! introduction ( /eel vice :alebone1 0 oppos$ by ! trade & ! public 9 g5]al1 l _m o!r great improvem5ts2 & x requir$ sev]al ye>s 9 ord] to conv9ce pur*as]s t /eel w\ld n only la/ mu* long] ?an :alebone1 b w\ld n be s liable to break1 provid$ x 0 prop]ly made & temp]$4 ,! mis=tune 0 t1 at ! outset1 a great numb] ( inf]ior articles 7 introduc$1 & consequ5tly ! public naturally lo/ confid5ce1 & x dem&$ great ex]tions on ! "p ( ! m respectable memb]s ( ! trade1 ere ! m]its ( ! new inv5tion 7 recognis$4 ,at pres5t1 x is g5]ally all[$ t a good /eel-rib ,umbrella c be z easily procur$ z a c>efully temp]$ razor or sword4 ,a ,swiss wat*-spr+ mak]1 nam$ ,sangu9$e1 _h discov]$ a secret ( temp]+ /eel :i* gave x great /r5g?1 & he _h made "s1 v light umbrellas1 b !y 7 imm5sely de>4 ,on 8 dea? ! secret di$ ) him1 & ,mr4 ,fox set to "w to discov] a me?od :i* %\ld comb9e /r5g? & lightness4 ,mr4 ,fox's ,p>agon frame1 simple 9 its con/ruction1 half ! weight ( :alebone1 b equally /rong1 is admitt$ to be ! greate/ improvem5t yet introduc$ 9 ! manufacture ( an ,umbrella4 ,! ribs are made 9 ! =m ( a tr\gh ) flat sides1 by :i* %ape ! greate/ am\nt ( /r5g? is obta9$4 ,! same pr9ciple1 z is well kn[n1 has be5 successfully appli$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,great ,tubul> ,bridge ov] ! ,m5ai ,/raits1 f :i* ,mr4 ,fox took ! idea4 ,! weight ( ! ,umbrella hav+ be5 ?us r$uc$1 ! next "q 01 :e!r "s am5dm5t c\ld n be made 9 ! cov]+ mat]ial4 ,= a long "t1 ,umbrellas 7 only cov]$ ) two mat]ials--silk & cotton1 & ! want ( "s sub/ance1 :i* w\ld resi/ ! great] friction & consequ5t we> ?an an ,umbrella inv>iably und]goes1 =m$ a subject ( anxi\s att5tion to ! writ] ( ?is little book4 ,sev]al mat]ials 7 tri$ )\t success1 until a fabric call$ ,alpaca1 made ( ! wool ( ! ,*ilian & ,p]uvian %eep1 pres5t$ itself1 & = ?is a pat5t 0 imm$iately tak5 out4 ,( its m]its x becomes u n to speak1 b we may be p]mitt$ to quote ! foll[+ rem>ks f ! ,gr& ,jury ,report ( ! ,great ,exhibition ( #ahea3-- ,,sang/]1 ,,william ,,& ,,john4 ,prize ,m$al = ,silk ,p>asols & ,umbrellas ( excell5t quality1 '& = _! application ( ,alpaca clo? to ! cov]+s ( ,p>asols & ,umbrellas4 ,to ! above flatt]+ te/imonial ! foll[+ rem>ks 7 app5d$3-- ,alpaca clo? is made ( undy$ wool ( ! ,p]uvian & ,*ili %eep1 & x is !re=e is n liable to fade1 nor is x act$ ^u by salt wat]2 h5ce ,alpaca ,p>asols & ,umbrellas are mu* us$ at wat]+-places4 ,! dem& = ! ,p>agon ,umbrella is s great1 t ! pat5tee is able to supply !m at a price n mu* exce$+ ! ord9>y sorts4 ,! frames are gu>ante$ = two ye>s1 b 9 consequ5ce ( ! sup]ior quality ( ! article1 ! numb] f\nd to require repair is mu* less ?an ! av]age ( o!r k9ds4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! two ye>s succe$+ _! introduction1 upw>ds ( #ej1jjj ,p>agon ,umbrellas m]e sold4 ,nor 0 ! progress ( ! ,alpaca ,umbrella less *e]+4 ,?\gh ! mat]ial is 9 "s respects inf]ior to silk1 x has be5 f\nd to we> s mu* long]1 & to co/ s mu* less1 t its use is n[ becom+ g5]al among t num]\s class ) :om economy & an ,umbrella are equally indisp5sable4 ,! sale ( ,alpaca ,umbrellas1 9 ! ye> #ahed1 am\nt$ to upw>ds ( #de1jjj4 ,s9ce ?is "t ,w4 ,j4 ,s4 h sold1 "u _! pat5t1 ,umbrellas to ! numb] ( ne>ly f\r millions4 ,^! facts we w leave to our read]s to draw _! own inf]5ce f2 b ! v k9d reception :i* ! ,alpaca ,umbrellas h hi!rto receiv$1 ju/ifies u 9 ass]t+1 t no mat]ial has yet be5 br\ght =w>d :i* has s ?or\ghly fulfill$ ! requir$ conditions4 ,! weight ( ! ,umbrella has also be5 dim9i%$1 &1 la/ n lea/1 ! price has decreas$ 9 a correspond+ ratio4 ,?is latt] fact is ( ! v greate/ importance1 :5 we rememb] ! imm5se quantity ( ,p>asols & ,umbrellas manufactur$ dur+ ! ye> 9 ,london1 & e/imat$ at ! enorm\s value ( #ejj1jjj ,p\nds4 ,9 addition1 a v great numb] are made 9 ,man*e/] & ,birm+ham4 ,to ^? :o wi% to keep _! ,umbrellas safe & s\nd1 we may comm5d ! foll[+ extract f ,cassell's ,h\sehold ,guide3-- ,umbrellas are articles :i* g5]ally suff] m f c>eless treatm5t ?an f legitimate we> & te>2 an ,umbrella1 :5 prop]ly treat$1 w la/ twice z long z "o t is n s us$4 ,:5 wet1 an ,umbrella %\ld nei!r be di/5d$ to dry1 :i* w /ra9 ! ribs & cov]+1 & prev5t its ev] aft]w>ds fold+ up neatly1 nor at once roll$ & ti$ up1 :i* w\ld t5d to ru/ ! frame & rot ! textile fabric2 nei!r %\ld x1 if ( silk1 be c>elessly ?ru/ into an ,umbrella-/&1 nor all[$ to re/ aga9/ a wall1 :i* w\ld probably discol\r1 & c]ta9ly crease ! silk injuri\sly4 ,x %\ld be %ut1 b n ti$ up1 & hung f ! h&le1 ) ! po9t d[nw>ds1 till x is ne>ly1 b n q dry4 ,x %\ld !n be neatly & c>efully roll$ up & ti$4 ,9 walk+ ) an ,umbrella1 ! h&s %\ld be conf9$ to ! h&le1 & n all[$ to grasp ! silk2 o!rwise t portion :i* is held w become greas$ & discol\r$1 & ! mat]ial w be fray$ out r\nd ! tips1 :i* are po9ts :]e !re is always mu* /ress1 & :]e if w always h a t5d5cy to give way4 ,:5 n 9 use1 ! ,umbrella %\ld be protect$ f du/ & injury ( any k9d by its silk or oilclo? case4 ,:5 dirty1 alpaca umbrellas are be/ clean$ ) a clo!s-bru%2 b bru%+ is useless = ^? ( silk4 ,ord9>y dirt may be remov$ f a silk umbrella by means ( a clean sponge & cold wat]1 or if ! soil %\ld be s t5aci\s t ?is w n remove x1 a piece ( l95 rag1 dipp$ 9 spirits ( w9e or unsweet5$ g91 w g5]ally effect ! desir$ end4 ,hav+ ?us giv5 our read]s all ! in=mation on ! subject 9 our p[]2 ev5 d[n to ! la/ quot$ p>agraph1 :i* may tea* !m h[ to pres]ve _! ,umbrellas1 we may wi% !m a he>ty f>ewell1 hop+ !y may--long live to use ^! promot]s ( com=t & ( heal?1 & t !y may always be z well %ield$ by fate f ! metaphorical tempe/s ( life1 z !y are f its physical /orms by a good mod]n ,umbrella4 ,,f9is