,transcrib]'s ,notes ,hyph5ation has be5 /&>dis$4 ,footnotes 7 mov$ to ! ends ( ! text !y p]ta9 to & numb]$ 9 "o cont9u\s sequ5ce4 ,a ,cont5ts table has be5 creat$ by ! ,transcrib] & is plac$ 9 ! public doma94 ,,! ,,butt]flies ,,& ,,mo?s ,,( ,,t5]iffe4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,butt]flies ,,& ,,mo?s ,,( ,,t5]iffe4 ,,by ,a4 ,e4 ,,holt ,,:ite4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,ra%leigh ,,holt ,,:ite1 ,,vice-,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,selborne ,,society4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,f ,,! ,,au?or',s ,,draw+s4 ,london3 ,l4 ,,reeve ,,co41 ,,publi%]s ,,to ,,! ,,home1 ,,colonial ,,& ,,indian ,,gov]nm5ts1 #f1 ,,h5rietta ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d54 ,,t5]iffe3 ,,hamilton ,,co41 ,,santa ,,cruz4 #ahid ,all rights res]v$4 1 ' ' 1 ' #8 ,,hom]1 ,od4 iv4 99 99 99 99 99 ,omnia b5e describ]e1 qu 9 hoc mundo a ,deo facta1 aut natur creat viribus elaborata fu]unt1 opus e/ non unius hom9is1 nec unius vi4 ,h9c ,faun et ,flor utilissim2 h9c monographi pr/antissimi4 ,,scopoli1 ,ann4 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,,to ,,elizabe? ,,m>y ,,odl+ ,,9 ,,memory ,,( ,,_m ,,happy ,,days ,,sp5t ,,) ,,h] ,,& ,,h] ,,fa!r ,,! ,,late ,,alfr$ ,,smee1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,?is ,,book ,is d$icat$ by ,,h] ,,affectionate ,,fri5d ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,gilb]t ,,& ,,riv+ton1 ,,ld41 ,,/4 ,,john',s ,,h\se1 ,,cl]k5well1 ,e4,c4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,preface4 ,,introductory ,,*apt]4 ,,h9ts ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,,on ,,nets1 ,,bre$+-,,cages1 ,etc4 ,,kill+ ,,& ,,sett+ ,,butt]flies ,,& ,,mo?s1 ,,relax+-,,specim5s1 ,etc4 ,,butt]flies4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,butt]flies ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,t5]iffe4 ,,app5dix ,b4 ,,app5dix ,c4 ,,app5dix ,d4 ,,alphabetical ,,index ,,( ,,g5]a ,,& ,,species4 ,,description ,,( ,,plates4 ,,preface4 ,:5 ! au?or left ,engl&1 9 ! autumn ( #ahib1 = a w9t]'s sun%9e 9 ,t5]iffe1 x 0 by no means h] int5tion to write on ! ,lepidopt]a ( t ,isl&4 ,soon aft] h] arrival1 h[ev]1 %e 0 /ruck by two ?+s2 ! want ( any sort ( int]e/+ out-door occupation 7o!r ?an some:at desultory rid+ exp$itions7 exp]i5c$ by h] companions 9 exile1 & ! abs5ce ( any acc\nt ( ! ,lepidopt]a ( ! ,can>y ,isl&s1 :i* w\ld enable collectors to "n _! specim5s4 ,x is h] hope t ! pres5t publication may be1 at lea/ to "s ext5t1 ! means ( rem$y+ ^! defici5ces4 ,to a detail$ description ( ! ,lepidopt]a ( ,t5]iffe1 s f> z !y are at pres5t kn[n1 an introductory *apt] has be5 add$1 = ! b5efit ( novices 9 ! /udy & collection ( butt]flies & mo?s4 ,^?1 = :om fre% air & a c]ta9 am\nt ( ex]cise are ess5tial1 c h>dly f9d any m heal?-giv+ or light int]e/+ occupation ?an ! practical /udy ( ,entomology4 ,?is /udy l5ds an int]e/ to excursions :i* might o!rwise be t$i\s1 & leads ! collector into all sorts ( beautiful & picturesque unexplor$ nooks & corn]s ( ! ,isl&1 :i* to ! ord9>y travell] are q unkn[n4 ,_m visitors h>dly ev] ext5d _! w&]+s f>!r ?an ! ,c>ret]a 7! "o high road 9 ,t5]iffe71 & h no idea ( ! _m beauties to be se51 or ( ! int]e/ t may be f\nd 9 /udy+ ! ,botany1 z well z ! ,entomology1 ( ?is mo/ *>m+ ( ! 8,summ] isles ( ,ed5 ly+ 9 d>k-purple sph]es ( sea40 ,all ! species & v>ieties ( ,t5]iffe butt]flies1 ) ! exception p]haps ( ?ree1 are f\nd betwe5 ! mon?s ( ,novemb] & ,may2 s t anyone /ay+ !re = ! w9t] & spr+ mon?s may procure a tol]ably p]fect collection2 m especially z ! diff]5t species f\nd 9 ,t5]iffe are b tw5ty-n9e1 s f> z is at pres5t kn[n1 all ( :i* are n[ describ$4 ,! au?or has be5 =tunate en\gh to add f\r ( ^! to ! numb] previ\sly kn[n to exi/ 9 ! ,isl&4 ,! mo/ complete collection ( mo?s :i* came "u notice is 9 ! possession ( ,dr4 ,zorolo1 ( ,villa ,orotava1 & ?is numb]s ab\t sev5ty species & v>ieties4 ,=ty-"o mo?s are describ$ out ( "s fifty :i* 7 collect$ & /udi$ by ! au?or2 & a li/ ( tw5ty-"o o!rs1 *iefly small & ( little int]e/ to ! amateur collector1 is app5d$4 ,almo/ all ! facts & p>ticul>s relat+ to ! life hi/ory ( ! ,lepidopt]a are ! result ( ! p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ! au?or1 :o is also responsible = ! draw+s f :i* ! illu/rations h be5 reproduc$4 ,x is believ$ t ! ,lepidopt]a ( ! o!r six ,isl&s are l>gely simil> to ^? ( ,t5]iffe4 7,see ,app5dix ,a47 ,! au?or desires to (f] h] be/ ?anks to ,seor ,don ,ramon ,gomez1 ( ,pu]to ,orotava1 = 8 k9dness & c\rtesy 9 plac+ 8 l>ge collection ( ,lepidopt]a at h] disposal = /udy & illu/ration4 ,! ,rev4 ,o4 ,a4 ,b5?all has k9dly giv5 in=mation ^u specim5s :i* he has nett$ & obs]v$2 & ! au?or is also indebt$ to ,dr4 ,zorolo1 ( ,yilla ,orotava1 :o has l5t "o or two r>e specim5s = illu/ration4 ,k9d assi/ance 9 nam+ "s specim5s has be5 giv5 by ,a4 ,g4 ,butl]1 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,z4,s41 & ,mr4 ,w4 ,f4 ,kirby1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,e4,s41 ( ! ,briti% ,museum2 & ,mr4 ,be?une ,bak]1 ,f4,e4,s41 has be5 good en\gh to "n "s ( ! small] mo?s4 ,a4 ,e4 ,h4 ,w4 ,novemb] #ahic4 ,,introductory ,,*apt]4 ,_m p]sons :o "k little or no?+ ab\t butt]flies may be tempt$ to make a collection ( !m :5 !y f9d !mselves 9 a semi-tropical l&1 :i* yields 9 great pr(usion su* beautiful creatures1 ^: brilliant col\r+ :5 gr\p$ toge!r has s pleas+ an effect4 ,to su*1 a slight sket* ( ! life ( a butt]fly may n be unacceptable4 ,butt]flies & mo?s belong to ! ord] ,lepidopt]a or ,scale-w+$ insects4 ,! diff]5t /ages ( gr[? ( ^! insects are call$ !-- ,ovum4 ,l>va4 ,pupa4 ,imago4 ,egg4 ,cat]pill>4 ,*rysalis4 ,butt]fly4 ,! body consi/s ( ?ree p>ts3 ! head1 ! ?orax1 & ! abdom54 ,!re are two pairs ( w+s1 ! upp] & ! l[]2 or1 z !y are g5]ally call$1 ! =e & ! h9d w+s4 ,^! are cov]$ ) a d[ny sub/ance1 l fea!r$ scales1 :i* are mo/ beautiful :5 se5 "u a microscope1 & v>y mu* 9 =m4 ,x is 9 ^! t ! col\r+-matt] resides1 :i* gives ! beautiful col\r to diff]5t species4 ,lepidopt]a h six legs2 9 "s1 h[ev]1 ! =e-legs are s %ort & inconspicu\s t ! insect almo/ appe>s to h only f\r legs4 ,! proboscis or trunk is a long flexible d\ble tube ?r\gh :i* ! animal sucks ! juices ( ! fl[]s2 x is curl$ up "u ! ?orax l a wat*-spr+1 & exp&s at w4 ,x v>ies mu* 9 l5g? bo? 9 mo?s & butt]flies4 ,! ant5n are ! horns or feel]s ( ! insect1 & are believ$ to conta9 ! organs ( smell4 ,!y v>y mu* 9 size & ?ickness1 & are mo/ important z reg>ds ! classification ( ! diff]5t species ( ,lepidopt]a4 ,!y are g5]ally ( consid]able l5g? 9 a butt]fly1 increas+ 9 ?ickness at ! end till a sort ( long knob is =m$4 ,mo?s are di/+ui%$ f butt]flies by a few simple *>act]i/ics1 :i* c be se5 at a glance4 ,fir/1 ) "s few exceptions1 ( :i* ! ,humm+ ,bird ,hawk mo? is "o1 mo?s are always f\nd on ! w+ at dusk1 or at night1 :]eas butt]flies take _! flight by day4 ,secondly1 ! mo? ei!r folds its w+s close to its side or else spreads !m out flat4 ,! butt]fly1 :5 at re/1 z a rule keeps its w+s /raight up1 face to face1 or else keeps up a flutt]+ motion1 cont9ually putt+ !m 9 ?is position4 ,?irdly1 ! body ( a butt]fly is small at ! wai/1 :ile t ( ! mo? is l>g]1 & ( a m uni=m size4 ,! ant5n are ! mo/ di/9ctive feature1 ^? ( ! mo? be+ f9e & long1 & hav+ no knob at ! end4 ,9 "s species !y are %ort & f9ely fea!r$ ! :ole l5g?1 t]m9at+ 9 a %>p po9t2 ?is feature is g5]ally di/9ctive ( ! male sex2 ! ,rufesc5s mo? be+ an example4 ,! ,skipp] family h ant5n l ! butt]fly1 b ! body ( a mo?4 ,! butt]fly or mo? lays its egg 7n m ?an a p9's head 9 size7 on t p>ticul> plant or tree on :i* ! cat]pill>1 t x w %ortly become1 fe$s4 ,^! look ( mu* ! same =m to ! nak$ eye1 b :5 magnifi$ !y are se5 to be ( _m diff]5t %apes1 "s be+ conical1 o!rs r\nd1 angul> & _m sid$1 c41 c4 ,! col\rs also ( ! eggs are v>i\s1 b mo/ frequ5tly !y are yell[1 gre51 or gre5i% :ite4 ,a microscopic exam9ation ( ^! w prove bo? int]e/+ & in/ructive4 ,! cat]pill>s1 z soon z !y em]ge f ! eggs1 ! "t ( :i* v>ies ) diff]5t species1 at once comm5ce to eat1 & cont9ue to d s voraci\sly till !y turn to ! pupa /ate4 ,?is be+ ! case1 !y mu/ be con/antly suppli$ ) fre% food :5 kept 9 captivity1 once c]ta9ly1 if n twice a day4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "o or two v>ieties :i* cease to eat1 & lie 9 a semi-dormant /ate = "s "t be=e tak+ ! =m ( a *rysalis2 ! cat]pill> ( ! ,exoleta mo? is an example ( ?is4 ,! greate/ cleanl9ess1 toge!r ) good v5tilation1 fre%ness ( food1 & regul>ity 9 fe$+1 are ess5tial to keep all cat]pill>s 9 heal?4 ,if we wat* ! creature fe$+1 we %all obs]ve t x takes ! leaf edgeways betwe5 its two =e-feet1 ceaselessly mov+ its head up & d[n1 & tak+ a l>ge piece ( leaf at ea* m\?ful4 ,"s mo?-cat]pill>s are night-fe$]s1 & s hide !mselves "u ! ?icke/ leaves on :i* !y fe$1 or else bury !mselves 9 ! e>? till night comes aga94 ,cannibal cat]pill>s are to be f\nd on ! potato-plants2 !y are ( r a r$di% br[n col\r1 f an in* & a half to two in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! au?or 0 n v =tunate 9 re>+ !m to ! mo?-/age2 x is said t !y %\ld be f$ on ! "y l>v1 & possibly ! specim5s _h cat]pill>s to fe$ on t 7 too old4 ,!re is room = int]e/+ exp]im5ts 9 ,t5]iffe on "o1 if n m1 species4 ,_m ( ! cat]pill>s are mo/ beautifully col\r$ & m>k$4 ,^? ( ! ,hawk-mo? are usually ! mo/ brilliant1 b1 at ! same "t1 !y are mo/ delicate1 & require ! greate/ att5tion z reg>ds fre%ness ( food1 v5tilation1 & cleanl9ess4 ,"s l>v %$ _! sk9s twice only1 o!rs m\lt sev5 times2 b ! majority effect ?is *ange f\r or five times4 ,?is is r a labori\s process = !m1 & sometimes proves fatal4 ,dur+ ! process !y cease fe$+1 b comm5ce aga9 ) r5ew$ vig\r aft] ! *ange has tak5 place4 ,! col\r+s & m>k+s ( ! new coat (t5 v>y f ^? ( ! "o ca/ (f1 & an exp]i5c$ entomologi/ c tell ! age ( ! cat]pill> by ! col\r & texture ( ! sk9 9 _m v>ieties4 ,:5 ! creature has pass$ ?r\gh ! l>va & arriv$ at ! pupa /ate1 x has at fir/ a s(t & t5d] sk91 ?r\gh :i* p>ts ( ! future butt]fly c be cle>ly se52 ?is soon h>d5s1 h[ev]1 & =ms a case imp]vi\s to ra9 or o!r atmosph]ic influ5ces4 ,be=e tak+ ! pupa =m "s cat]pill>s creep into holes & crevices ( walls & old build+s1 o!rs bury !mselves 9 ! e>?2 "s envelop !mselves 9 a tissue ( silk :i* !y sp9 z a silkworm does1 & ?is case is call$ a cocoon4 ,o!r species draw a leaf r\nd _! bodies1 fa/5+ x toge!r ) silk-l ?reads1 & s mak+ a complete %elt] = itself4 ,! ,aurif]a cat]pill> is an example ( ?is type1 be+ commonly f\nd 9 ,t5]iffe on ! potato plant1 f ! leaf ( :i* x con/ructs its h\se4 ,/ill fur!r v>ieties susp5d !mselves to a b\gh or leaf head d[nw>ds4 ,!re are o!r v>ieties :i* susp5d !mselves f ! c5tre ( _! bodies by silk-l ?reads1 & use mu* +5uity 9 s do+4 ,_m cat]pill>s are smoo?1 o!rs r\gh & hairy4 ,! hairy specim5s v>y mu*1 ! hair ( "s be+ s(t1 long1 & silky1 o!rs hav+ %ort /ubby spikes r ?an hairs sp>sely disp]s$ ov] ! body4 ,! hairy species 7! ,rufesc5s mo? cat]pill> be+ "o7 use _! hairy coats z a slight cocoon1 & ! hairy coat also1 x is said1 s]ves z a protection f birds2 at ! same "t ! hairs cause great irritation to ! human sk9 if ! cat]pill>s are h&l$ too freely4 ,! acrid ta/e ( "s also protects !m f fea!r$ enemies4 ,:5 ! insect has rema9$ 9 ! pupa /ate = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t1 :i* v>ies accord+ to species f a c\ple ( weeks to a few mon?s1 ! process ( ?r[+ (f its sk9 is quickly p]=m$4 ,wea!r has mu* influ5ce on ! p]iod dur+ :i* ! pupa lies dormant4 ,! ,t5]iffe w9t] ( #ahib-ic 0 p>ticul>ly w>m1 & all specim5s em]g$ to ! butt]fly /age some:at e>li] ?an usual4 ,a few days be=e ! butt]fly or mo? appe>s1 ! pupa becomes less lively1 & at la/ splits its sk9 d[n ! middle ( ! back1 & ! insect squeezes fir/ its head & front legs ?r\gh ! ap]ture4 ,?is ap]ture soon enl>ges1 ! pupa sk9 be+ v dry & giv+ little resi/ance1 & ! creature em]ges1 its legs cl++ to "s sub/ance s t ! w+s are 9 a susp5d$ position4 ,^! are q small at fir/ & wet1 b !y exp& v quickly1 acquire _! full size1 & become firm & /iff z ! animal flutt]s & crawls ab\t4 ,! insect !n emits a quantity ( r$di% fluid1 & 9 a %ort "t x is able to fly away4 ,! duration ( ! life ( ,lepidopt]a v>ies mu*1 mo/ species liv+ a few days or a few weeks1 b "s hib]nate4 ,! flight ( ,lepidopt]a is a v di/9ctive feature ( ! diff]5t species1 ! l>g]1 su* z ! ,plexippus1 ,*rysippus & ,p&ora1 seem to sail ?r\gh ! air1 sometimes ris+ to a great height4 ,! ,c>dui & ,hunt]a h a mu* quick] & m j]ky flight1 & are tr\blesome to net4 ,a great _m ( ! l>ge mo?s may be said to ru% along1 ! ,convolvuli be+ a v difficult "o to capture1 & (t5 escap+ :5 x seems q )9 ! net4 ,tak+ ! flight ( ! majority ( mo?s & butt]flies1 !y seem to be m active & /rong] on ! w+ 9 ,t5]iffe ?an ^? ( ! same species 9 ,engl&4 ,! food ( ,lepidopt]a consi/s ( honey :i* !y take f ! fl[]s1 or else a moi/ure :i* exudes f trees or plants4 ,_! food is always ( a liquid =m1 & is suck$ up ?r\gh ! proboscis or long tongue4 ,! ,convolvuli mo? hov]s at dusk ov] fl[]s1 ins]t+ its v long tube into ! extremity ( trumpet-%ap$ blossoms4 ,:5 =m+ a collection ( ! ,lepidopt]a ( ,t5]iffe1 x seems a pity t s _m insects %\ld be unnecess>ily caught & de/roy$1 & ! au?or w\ld e>ne/ly beg all lov]s & collectors ( ! beautiful creatures to be> ?is 9 m9d1 z "s ( ! r>] v>ieties may o!rwise /& a good *ance ( be+ ext]m9at$4 ,! 8mu*a*os0 7,spani% boys7 are all too eag] to supply any collector ) specim5s = a few 8qu>tos10 & br+ _m poor mutilat$ insects 9 ! hope ( f9d+ a pur*as]4 ,a refusal to buy ! mu* bef+]$ & dilapidat$ creatures does n det] !m f fur!r pursuit1 z !y only endeav\r to cat* a great] quantity 9 ! hope ( at la/ gett+ a good specim5 :i* w f9d a buy]4 ,if collectors w\ld only net !m !mselves1 & n enc\rage ! indiscrim9ate way 9 :i* ! boys pursue !m1 x w\ld greatly t5d to pres]ve ! diff]5t species4 ,,h9ts ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,,on ,,nets1 ,,bre$+-,,cages1 ,,etc4 ,z "s difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 ,t5]iffe by p]sons :o arrive !re )\t already be+ provid$ ) mat]ials = collect+ ,lepidopt]a1 ! description ( a few useful exp$i5ts resort$ to may be ( s]vice4 ,a mod]ate k ( ! ,spani% language is a v useful help t[>ds obta9+ any small necess>ies1 b ! ,spani% %op-keep]s are mo/ oblig+1 & und]/& quickly by ! help ( a v few words :at is want$4 ,a butt]fly-net is "o ( ! fir/ requisites1 s "s wire mu/ be b\ght at ! t9-smi?s1 ( :om !re are sev]al 9 ,orotava4 ,) a little in/ruction he w make x into a r+ ab\t "o foot 9 diamet]1 ) a socket ( t9 sold]$ on to x4 ,into ?is socket an ord9>y walk+-/ick c be fix$ = a h&le4 ,! /ick is useful to walk ) ov] ! r\gh gr\nd :5 n requir$ = ! net1 & ! net c be easily c>ri$ ) o!r necess>ies "o has to take on an exp$ition4 ,mosquito-nett+ answ]s ! purpose ( gre5 gauze = ! net4 ,gauze is ! be/1 h[ev]1 & c be pur*as$ 9 ,engl&1 b n 9 ,orotava4 ,! mosquito-nett+ gets s(t & pliable by use1 b x is be/ to scald x 9 hot wat] be=e mak+ x into a net1 s z to insure a s(t sub/ance 9 :i* to cat* ! fragile creatures )\t injur+ _! w+s or plumage4 ,! net %\ld be made r\nd at ! bottom1 & be ab\t a y>d 9 l5g?4 ,pur*ase a y>d ( mosquito-nett+2 x is sold two y>ds 9 wid?1 & ! quantity :i* is n us$ = ! net s]ves to cov] ! bre$+-cages1 :i* are ab\t to be describ$4 ,ano!r ess5tial is a bre$+-cage = cat]pill>s1 &1 z sev]al are requir$ if _m butt]flies & mo?s are to be re>$1 ! foll[+ plan is a good "o to adopt4 ,procure a small wood5 box1 ab\t #f or #h in*es long1 or ev5 l>g]1 & ab\t #c in*es deep2 empty *ocolate boxes are s]viceable = ! purpose4 ,9 ea* corn] fix upright1 ) a c\ple ( tacks1 a piece ( cane ab\t #h or #aj in*es 9 l5g?4 ,ov] ?is /ret* a piece ( mosquito-nett+1 tack+ x to ! edge ( ! box all r\nd1 except at "o side1 :]e x %\ld be left loose1 s z to be fa/5$ d[n at w ) two or ?ree /\t p9s4 ,! loose side c !n be rais$ to give ! cat]pill>s fre% food1 & to remove dirt or refuse4 ,bre$+-cages t "o c pur*ase at any naturali/s' outfitt]s are made v h&ily ( wood1 z9c1 & glass1 & ( c\rse are v durable1 b ^? describ$ above la/ well = a season1 & h ! m]it ( be+ ( no exp5se4 ,to procure good mo?s & butt]flies ) bright & un9jur$ plumage1 x is be/ to re> !m f ! cat]pill> /age ( developm5t1 b z all v>ieties are n easily f\nd1 ! net is usually ! collector's fir/ res\rce4 ,rais+ cat]pill>s f ! egg is a v int]e/+ process1 b x is r t$i\s1 & requires m k & exp]i5ce to meet ) success ?an f9d+ ! insects 9 ! next /age ( developm5t1 & keep+ !m till !y rea* ! p]fect /ate4 ,:5 />t+ = a day's ramble butt]fly-hunt+1 "o ( ! great *>ms seems to be ! delightful unc]ta9ty ab\t ! sport :i* may fall to "o's lot1 s x is z well to provide = all cont+5cies1 tak+ ! net1 poison-box1 or bottle1 a t9 = cat]pill>s 7:i* %\ld be p]=at$ at ! top71 a ne/ ( glass-topp$ pill-boxes = specim5s ( any butt]fly or mo? "o may wi% to take home alive1 & envelopes = butt]flies :5 kill$ 9 ! net4 ,! latt] may be made ( note-pap]1 by cutt+ a long squ>e ( pap] & fold+ x 9 a triangul> %ape1 & !n turn+ up ! edges ( two sides1 s z to make a little bag4 ,butt]flies travel well plac$ flat 9 ^! envelopes1 & %\ld be set directly home is rea*$4 ,a small cork collect+-box is also useful1 toge!r ) "s insect-p9s1 9 case "o gets _m specim5s1 "s ( :i* c be p9n$ into ! box prep>atory to sett+ !m on ! return home4 ,insect life is s prolific 9 ,t5]iffe1 & "o sees s _m /range & curi\s animals1 t anyone really int]e/$ 9 ,entomology is c]ta9 to f9d specim5s to br+ home1 su* z ! 8,pray+ ,mantis10 f\nd frequ5tly on half dead ?i/les 9 8b>rancos0 & on %rubs1 ! _m v>ieties ( l>ge gras%opp]1 & ! gorge\s col\r$ dragon-flies flitt+ ab\t & kill+ butt]flies 9 a r :olesale mann]4 ,all ^! insects are ( su* int]e/1 t x is z well to be provid$ ) v>i\s appliances = c>ry+ !m on ! homew>d j\rney4 ,z sun%9e & brightness prevail 9 ,t5]iffe dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 x is n necess>y to *oose a 8likely0 day1 z 9 ,engl&1 9 ord] to h a good day's sport1 inde$ !re seem to be m butt]flies on ! w+ on ! days t are n too brilliant4 ,on ! v sun%9y days ! butt]flies are ab\t 9 ! greate/ quantities 9 ! e>ly morn+1 retir+ at noon to m %ady or %elt]$ spots4 ,a nice quiet %elt]$ little dell1 cov]$ ) r\gh h]bage & cactus by ! sides ( ! b>rancos1 is a v fav\rite spot4 ,! b>rancos are dry riv]-b$s1 sometimes ( great ext5t1 ) l>ge b\ld]s & rocks ?r[n ab\t 9 wild confusion2 g5]ally speak+ !y are int]sect$ by a pa?1 up :i* "o c ride or walk1 lead+ up ! m\nta9s to diff]5t villages & hamlets4 ,occasionally1 dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 a great quantity ( wat] runs d[n ! b>rancos1 b ! supply only la/s a %ort "t1 soon dry+ up1 & leav+ a few small /agnant pools "h & !re1 & ^! 9 turn soon disappe>4 ,walk+ ov] mu* gr\nd is h>d "w1 z ! c\ntry is /eep1 & r\gh ) /ones & rocks4 ,i advocate /rongly ! use ( mules1 z be+ ! mo/ pleasant mode ( locomotion4 ,!y are s sure-foot$ & easy 9 _! quick walk1 t "o feels f> less tir$ aft] a long day's excursion on mule-back up ! m\nta9s & b>rancos1 ?an by any o!r mode ( locomotion4 ,! mulete] c>ries all necess>ies1 toge!r ) lun*eon1 & "o is able to /op & alight :]e fancy dictates or butt]flies ab\nd4 ,mules c be hir$ at ,villa ,orotava1 ! *>ge be+ "o doll>1 or five pesetas1 = a %ort day2 beyond ?is a small gratuity to ! mulete] makes him pleas$ & happy4 ,!re are _m completely uncultivat$ spots up ! m\nta9s1 int]sect$ by little bye-pa?s along :i* ! mules c walk2 ^! are p]fect 8,eldorados0 = mo?s & butt]flies1 & "o mu/ be busy ) net & poison-box1 n =gett+ ! t9 case 9 :i* to place l>v = ! bre$+-cage1 & especially rememb]+ to c>ry home "s ( ! plant ^u :i* !y fe$4 ,"s ( ^! places are s r\gh & ?ick ) bramble gr[?1 & vegetation ( l nature1 t walk+ is really h>d "w4 ,! lava-rocks are %>p1 & ! num]\s grasses ) hooks1 su* z ! 8,am\r ,sec10 toge!r ) ! ?orns ( ! prickly pe>1 make a =midable b>ri] = ! p$e/rian4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 no poison\s snakes to dread1 no bit+ animals ( any sort l>g] ?an flies1 s t ! inconv5i5ce ( ! ?orns & pricks is all t ne$ be fe>$4 ,on return+ home f ! exp$ition1 all ! v>i\s wants & requirem5ts ( ! specim5s mu/ be att5d$ to4 ,! cat]pill>s h to be put into bre$+-cages1 :i* %\ld h be5 already prep>$ = !m4 ,diff]5t k9ds :i* fe$ on ! same plant may be put toge!r4 ,c>e mu/1 h[ev]1 be tak5 n to put any cannibal species1 su* z ! ,armig]a1 among ! o!rs2 also mo? & butt]fly l>v %\ld be kept sep>ate4 ,= mo? l>v x is ess5tial to h "s f9e e>? 7previ\sly bak$ to de/roy ! ants1 :i* are v tr\blesome7 spread on ! bottom ( ! box1 f #a to #b in*es ?ick4 ,! cat]pill>s bury !mselves 9 ?is :5 !y h f9i%$ fe$+1 mak+ = !mselves a slight m\ld ( e>?1 weld$ toge!r ) silk-l ?reads4 ,diff]5t species1 h[ev]1 v>y 9 _! mode ( proc$ure1 "s mak+ v slight1 & o!rs m pron\nc$ cocoons2 :ile yet o!rs make q an oval %ell1 *oos+ only ! f9e/ gra9s ( e>? ) :i* to con/ruct _! h\ses4 ,x is said t "s sort ( dri$ leaf answ]s ! purpose ( e>?1 & is less likely to injure ! mo?'s plumage1 b ! =m] mode has be5 f\nd to be p]fectly successful4 ,place ! plant on :i* ! animal is to fe$ 9 a moi/ pot ( e>?1 or 9 a bottle ( wat]1 s z to keep x fre%4 ,if ! latt] mode is adopt$1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! animal does n drop into ! wat]2 s x is be/ to *oose a wide-m\!d bottle1 putt+ a bung ) a hole 9 x z a /opp]1 & ins]t+ ! plant ?r\gh ! hole into ! wat]4 ,! e>? %\ld be kept slightly moi/1 & _m p give cat]pill>s a g5tle spray ( wat] occasionally to take ! place ( dew1 :i* !y w\ld h 9 _! natural /ate4 ,x is a good plan to let !m h a little ( ! e>ly morn+ sun ^u !m1 z x s]ves to keep !m 9 heal?1 b !y _c be> ! sun ( mid-day4 ,= butt]fly l>v ! same proc$ure is requir$1 except t only a ?9 spr9kl+ ( e>? is want$ at ! bottom ( ! box = ! purposes ( cleanl9ess4 ,:5 ! l>va ( ! butt]fly is ab\t to develop to its pupa /ate1 x readily crawls up ! box & nett+1 susp5d+ itself1 f ! top head-d[nw>ds1 & ! nett+ s]ves z a good foot-hold = ! butt]fly :5 x appe>s4 ,if possible ! *rysalides %\ld rema9 z !y place !mselves until ! next /age ( developm5t is rea*$2 because1 unless !y are able to exp& _! w+s :ile 9 ?is position1 de=mity is likely to ensue4 ,! majority ( butt]fly *rysalides are nak$1 & ( an angul> =m1 "s be+ rem>kable = ! brilliancy ) :i* !y are spott$ ) gold & silv]4 ,! ,vanessa family is an example ( ?is1 ! ,vulcania & ,hunt]a be+ especially brilliant4 ,cat]pill>s ( ! 8,skipp]0 family make a web-l cov]+ ( silk = ! reception ( ! *rysalides1 b !re has be5 hi!rto only "o species ( ?is family f\nd 9 ,t5]iffe4 ,_m cat]pill>s ( v>i\s k9ds kept dur+ ! w9t] mon?s 7 v subject to ! raids ( ! ,i*neumon fly4 ,?is fly lays its egg on ! l>va1 & x is n easily p]ceiv$ on ! animal unless look$ = ?r\gh a magnify+-glass4 ,! cat]pill> lives on1 & seem+ly ?rives1 b aft] x has turn$ to its pupa /ate ! fly develops1 & a f9e ,i*neumon fly appe>s 9 ! bre$+-cage in/ead ( ! expect$ butt]fly4 ,!re are l>ge & small v>ieties ( ?is fly1 ! =m] lay+ only "o or two eggs on ! cat]pill>1 ! latt] a great _m1 & !y em]ge f ! *rysalis 9 correspond+ numb]s4#a ,! only rem$y seems to be to inspect all l>v ?r\gh a magnify+-glass1 & to reject any infect$ specim5s4 ,pi]is ,*eiran?i is p>ticul>ly liable to ?is fly4 ,! r$ fungus f\nd on ! ,ti?ymali mo? cat]pill> is ano!r disease1 b is n v common4 #a ,?is occurr5ce is m5tion$ by ,gilb]t ,:ite 9 8 8,natural ,hi/ory ( ,selborne10 v4 8,obs]vations on ,insects & ,v]mes10 p4 #eai4 ,ed4 #ahac4 ,cat]pill>s %\ld be h&l$ z little z possible :ile remov+ !m to _! fre% food4 ,z a rule1 !y crawl on to ! fre% supply at once1 b 9 ! case ( v small specim5s a camel-hair bru% %\ld be us$ to lift !m f "o place to ano!r4 ,_m ( !m emit a fluid :5 t\*$4 ,! ,ti?ymali spits out a quantity ( gre5 fluid :5 di/urb$4 ,butt]flies g5]ally seem to be f\nd 9 ! greate/ numb]s 9 ! b>rancos e>ly 9 ! ye>4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! fields get gre5 & vegetation increases1 !y des]t ! b>rancos & take m to ! fields & c\ntry1 ) ! exception ( ! ,argynnis ,la?onia1 a v>iety :i* m p>ticul>ly frequ5ts b>rancos4 ,! "t ( appe>ance ( all species takes place f two to f\r weeks lat] ! high] !y are up ! m\nta9s4 ,! s\? "p ( ! isl& is n s f]tile a place = ,lepidopt]a z ! nor?2 p]haps ?is is ow+ to ! m sp>se vegetation on t side4 ,_m species are f\nd inl&1 :ile "s are peculi> to ! coa/4 ,! heights & localites 9 :i* all ! diff]5t k9ds are f\nd h be5 indicat$ z f> z possible 9 ! description ( ! v>i\s species4 ,,kill+ ,,& ,,sett+ ,,butt]flies ,,& ,,mo?s1 ,,relax+-,,specim5s1 ,,etc4 ,butt]flies1 :5 nett$1 c be easily kill$ by a prolong$ %>p p9* "u ! ?orax be=e be+ tak5 f ! net1 & d n ne$ to be put into a poison-box4 ,! p9* %\ld be giv5 betwe5 ! f+] & ?umb1 ! w+s ( ! insect be+ kept 9 an upright position4 ,mo?s mu/ be put into a poison-bottle or box1 & left !re f twelve to tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,"s v>ieties die mu* quick] ?an o!rs4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( poison are us$ = ! boxes & bottles1 b cyanide ( potassium seems mo/ g5]ally approv$ ( by entomologi/s4 ,to cat* mo?s1 _m p use ! sug>+ process4 ,a mixture1 made ( be]1 rum1 & co>se sug> or treacle1 boil$ till x becomes ?ick l treacle is plac$ at night on ! trunks ( trees or on fl[]s1 & a lamp is plac$ ne> ! sug>$ plants4 ,true vot>ies ( 8sweetness & light10 ! mo?s alight on ! /icky mixture1 &1 becom+ /upefi$ ) ! be] & rum1 z a rule fall to ! gr\nd1 :]e !y c easily be caught or nett$4 ,sett+-bo>ds are made ( /rips ( wood ab\t "o foot or eighte5 in*es 9 l5g?1 v>y+ 9 wid? accord+ to ! size ( ! specim5 "o wi%es to p9 out on x4 ,^! bo>ds are cov]$ ) %eet cork1 hav+ a groove d[n ! middle to receive ! body ( ! insect4 ,"s bo>ds h a flat1 o!rs a slightly curv$ surface1 & ^! are cov]$ ) :ite pap]4 ,engli% entomologi/s g5]ally use curv$ bo>ds1 b =eign collectors pref] ! flat sett+-bo>ds4 ,^! latt] seem some:at pref]able4 ,! good appe>ance & value ( a collection greatly dep5d on ! sett+1 & = ?is reason mu* c>e & pati5ce is requir$4 ,! butt]fly %\ld be tak5 betwe5 ! ?umb & f+] ( ! left h&1 & an insect-p9 ins]t$ 9 ! middle ( ! ?orax1 br++ ! po9t slightly slop+ backw>ds & out at ! legs4 ,!n hav+ select$ a bo>d suitable 9 size to ! specim51 x %\ld be p9n$ exactly 9 ! middle ( ! groove1 ! body be+ kept q /raight4 ,two n>r[ /rips ( pap]1 n m ?an ? ( an in* 9 wid?1 are n[ requir$ to fa/5 d[n ! two w+s on ea* side ( ! groove4 ,let ea* /rip be p9n$ 9 front ( ! two =e-w+s1 hold+ ! end ( a /rip 9 ! left h&2 !n v g5tly place ! w+s1 fir/ ! =e & !n ! h9d-w+1 9 position1 br++ !m =w>d ) a long p9 7! po9t be+ plac$ on ! w+s z ne> ! body z possible7 9 ! "r h&4 ,at ! same "t ! /rip ( pap] :i* is be+ held 9 ! left h& is g5tly l[]$ & fa/5$ ) a p9 imm$iately bel[ ! h9d-w+4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 n to injure ! plumage by t\*+ x4 ,a second /rip ( pap] is n[ necess>y on ea* side to p9 d[n ! out] edges ( ! w+s2 b ! fir/ two /rips are ! mo/ important ones1 z !y keep ! w+s 9 position1 & ! latt] may be v easily add$4 ,! ant5n %\ld be /raight5$ & plac$ "u ! fir/ two /rips ( pap]1 or plac$ 9 position by two p9s4 ,! pap] is fa/5$ along ! bo>ds1 fix+ z _m specim5s z its l5g? w p]mit4 ,_m p]sons use triangul> pieces ( c>d z braces = ! butt]fly1 fix+ "o or m on ea* w+1 b ! /rips ( pap] seem some:at easi] to arrange1 & damage ! plumage ev5 less ?an ! c>d1 ?\gh :5 ei!r me?od is adopt$ ! specim5 ought n to be damag$ 9 ! lea/4 ,9 mak+ a p]fect collection ( butt]flies ?ree specim5s %\ld be set up ( e v>iety2 ! male1 ! female1 & "o set ) ! und]side upp]mo/4 ,x is n usual to set mo?s ! rev]se way4 ,butt]flies mu/ be left on ! bo>d to /iff5 = t5 days or a =tnight2 aft] t !y c be remov$ to ! /ore-box4 ,mo?s ) l>ge bodies take long] 9 dry+1 & mu/ be left = ?ree or f\r weeks4 ,by t\*+ ! end ( ! body ( a specim5 g5tly ) a p9 x c easily be se5 :e!r x is firm & /iff en\gh to be remov$ to ! case4 ,if butt]flies & mo?s are n set soon aft] dea? !y become /iff1 & w\ld be useless2 b !re are sev]al modes ( relax+ !m1 & x may be useful to give a description ( ! process :i* is g5]ally adopt$4 ,procure a m>malade-pot or e>!nw>e j>1 into :i* put ?ree in*es ( s&2 p\r on ! s& en\gh wat] to wet x ?or\ghly1 )\t all[+ ! wat] to appe> on ! surface4 ,x is z well to put a small quantity ( c>bolic acid ) x4 ,! insects to be relax$ %\ld be p9n$ on to a ?ick piece ( cork1 ! cork re/+ on ! top ( ! s&4 ,close ! m\? ( ! j> ) a piece ( glass1 or some?+ :i* w make x air-tight4 ,a few h\rs is (t5 en\gh to relax specim5s1 b if left long] !y mu/ be c>efully wat*$1 z !y v soon become m\ldy4 ,to keep ! insects free f mites1 nap?al9e mu/ be freely us$ 9 ! /ore-boxes & cases4 ,camphor is us$ by "s p]sons1 b nap?al9e is a f> m efficaci\s prev5tive ( ! ravages ( p>asites4 ,9 pack+ specim5s already set = ,engl&1 /ore-boxes w hold a great numb] if ! specim5s are judici\sly plac$ "o ov] ! o!r 9 a slop+ mann]1 great c>e be+ tak5 t !y d n t\* ea* o!r1 z ! slighte/ rubb+ spoils ! plumage4 ,don ,ramon ,gomez1 *emi/1 ( ,pu]to ,orotava1 ,t5]iffe1 has all necess>ies = ! collector1 su* z sett+-bo>ds1 /ore-boxes1 p9s1 etc41 etc41 & is mo/ oblig+ 9 pack+ specim5s = ,engl& & giv+ any advice4 ,_m int]e/+ objects = ! naturali/ & antiqu>ian may be se5 9 8 l>ge collection1 8 ,guan*e rema9s be+ especially des]v+ ( notice4 ,"p ,i4 ,,butt]flies4 ,,pi]is ,,*eiran?i4 ,,plate ,i4--,,fig4 #b4 ,?is is a l>ge creamy-:ite butt]fly peculi> to ! ,can>y ,isl&s4 ,x is f\nd 9 "s numb]s on & ne> ! coa/ ( ,t5]iffe f ,april to ,septemb]2 ! "t ( its appe>ance1 h[ev]1 v>ies some:at 9 diff]5t ye>s4 ,! l>va is smoo?1 & has a gr\nd-col\r ( grey1 f9ely dott$ ov] ) black spots4 ,!re is a yell[ /ripe on ! back & along ea* side4 ,x fe$s on ! na/urtium greg>i\sly1 & ! pupa atta*es itself1 head d[nw>ds1 to a wall ne> ! plant4 ,! female butt]fly1 ! und]side ( :i* is illu/rat$1 has a long unev5 blot* ( black on ! surface ( ! =e-w+s2 ! male has none4 ,! upp] surface ( bo? sexes is cream-:ite1 ) a black apical pat* on ! =e-w+s4 ,! "u-sides h ! long black blot* z se5 on ! surface ( ! female1 & ! gr\nd-col\r ( bo? is yell[1 f9ely spr9kl$ ) black dots4 ,! measurem5t across ! w+s v>ies f two & a half to ?ree & a half in*es4 ,x is be/ to procure ! l>v to obta9 good specim5s1 b ! ,i*neumon fly is su* an enemy to ?is species t great disappo9tm5t w probably be exp]i5c$ 9 ! re>+ if ! cat]pill>s are n well exam9$ be=e be+ plac$ 9 ! bre$+-cages4 ,,pi]is ,,wolla/oni4 ,,plate ,i4--,,fig4 #a4 ,?is butt]fly is alli$ to ! ,*eiran?i1 b is a di/9ct v>iety1 only rec5tly met ) 9 ?is isl&4 ,mr4 ,butl]1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 has nam$ & fully describ$ ?is insect1 :i* has hi!rto only be5 f\nd 9 ,madeira1 b is n[ = ! fir/ "t enum]at$ 9 ! li/ ( ,t5]iffe ,lepidopt]a4 ,x is some:at small] ?an ! ,*eiran?i1 measur+ n m ?an two & a half in*es 9 expanse4 ,! rev]ses ( ! female 7:i* is illu/rat$7 & ( ! male are ( a grey t+e1 9 place ( ! r bright yell[ %ade ( ! ,*eiran?i1 spr9kl$ ov] ) f9e black dots4 ,! apical pat* is also grey1 & bo? sexes h long black spots on ! =e-w+s4 ,! upp] surface is cream-:ite2 ! female has two di/9ctly m>k$ long black spots on ! =e-w+s2 ! male hav+ none4 ,! black apical m>k+s are simil> 9 bo? sexes1 & a small black spot is se5 on ! inn] m>g9 ( ! h9d-w+ ( bo? male & female4 ,!re are no obs]vations to record on ! cat]pill> & pupa1 z ! specim5s ( ! fly 7"o ( :i* is illu/rat$7 7 nett$2 b v possibly l>v may be f\nd greg>i\sly ) ! ,*eiran?i 9 l mann] to ! ,callirrhoe & ,atalanta1 or ! ,plexippus & ,*rysippus4 ,! specim5s tak5 7 nett$ ab\t #ejj feet above ! sea4 ,,pi]is ,,rap4 ,! common ,engli% v>iety1 ,small ,cabbage ,:ite4 ,! =e-w+s are creamy :ite1 ) an irregul> blacki% m>k at ! tip4 ,! male g5]ally has a black spot 9 ! middle ( ! w+1 ! female hav+ two2 & bo? sexes h two black spots on ! und]side1 :i* is ( a yell[i% col\r1 ?ickly dott$ ) small black atoms4 ,all ! m>k+s v>y greatly1 h[ev]4 ,! l>va is dull gre51 ) a yell[i% /ripe on its back & yell[ dots on ! side4 ,x g5]ally fe$s on ! cabbage1 b is f\nd also on ! na/urtium4 ,x is v common1 & may be f\nd ev]y:]e f ,febru>y to ,octob]4 ,! ,i*neumon fly is a great enemy to ?is insect4 ,,pi]is ,,daplidice4 ,?is butt]fly resembles ! r>e ,engli% specim5 ,ba? ,:ite4 ,x is v common 9 "s ye>s1#b & f\nd 9 mo/ localities f ,febru>y to ,octob]4 ,x seems mo/ly to frequ5t r\gh poorly-cultivat$ fields4 ,! w+s are :ite1 ! =e-w+s hav+ a l>ge black spot 9 ! middle1 & be+ bord]$ ) black encircl+ di/9ct :ite spots4 ,! m>k+s ( ! "u-side %[ ?r\gh on ! h9d-w+s1 & ^! h black m>k+s on ! edges 9 ! female4 ,! und]side has a gr\nd col\r ( sage-gre51 freely spott$ ) :ite4 ,! m>k+s %[ consid]able v>iety1 "s be+ m>k$ mu* m heavily ?an o!rs4 ,x measures across ! w+s f two to two & a half in*es4 ,! cat]pill>1 :i* is greyi% gre51 has yell[ /ripes on ! back1 & fe$s g5]ally on cabbage4 ,! butt]flies are mu* pursu$ & de/roy$ by dragon-flies4 #b ,dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahib-ahic x 0 met ) 9 great numb]s4 ,,eu*lo ,,*>lonia 7,donzil74 ,,plate ,i4--,,fig4 #d4 ,?is butt]fly 0 se5 ne> ,orotava1 #ejj feet above ! sea-level1 dur+ ! fir/ week 9 ,may by ! au?or1 :o1 h[ev]1 0 n =tunate en\gh to secure a specim54 ,sev]al specim5s ( ?is species1 :i* is r>e 9 ! ,can>y ,isl&s1 h be5 nett$ 9 ! isl& ( ,fu]tev5tura1 & two ( !m h be5 pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,hodges1 ( ,rugby1 to ! ,briti% ,museum1 f :i* ! illu/ration has be5 drawn4 ,x measures 9 expanse ab\t an in* & a half4 ,! g5]al col\r is yell[1 v>y+ 9 int5sity ( %ade 9 diff]5t specim5s1 ) black apical m>k+s on ! =e w+s & a long black pat* on ! c5tre ( ! upp] m>g94 ,a full acc\nt ( ?is int]e/+ insect is to be f\nd 9 ,ann4 ,soc4 ,ent4 ,fr41 #ahdb1 p4 #aig1 f4 #a1 b hi!rto x has n be5 recogniz$ 9 ,t5]iffe z a species belong+ to ! isl&4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,nor? & ,we/ ,africa4 ,,aporia ,,crat,,gi4 ,?is specim5 is ! r>e ,engli% ,black-ve9$ ,:ite butt]fly4 ,x has und\bt$ly be5 nett$ 9 ,t5]iffe1 ?\gh x has n be5 p]sonally obs]v$ by ! au?or4 ,9 flight its simil>ity to o!r :ite specim5s is s great t x may (t5 be pass$ unnotic$4 ,x is said to be local & unc]ta9 9 appe>ance1 be+ se5 *iefly dur+ ! summ] mon?s ab\t ! fields & g>d5s4 ,! w+s are entirely ( a :ite cream col\r1 & are alike on bo? sides1 ! ve9s be+ black1 & ! =e-w+s hav+ "s dusky spots on !m4 ,! cat]pill> is black1 ?ickly spr9kl$ ) :iti% hairs1 & ) a r$di% yell[ /ripe runn+ along ea* side4 ,x fe$s on v>i\s fruit trees1 & is believ$ to be v de/ructive4 ,,rhodoc]a ,,cleobule4 ,,plate ,i4--,,fig4 #c4 ,?is f9ely-col\r$ & beautiful butt]fly resembles ! ,engli% ,brim/one1 b is q a di/9ct v>iety1 be+ ( squ>] =m & hav+ no decid$ po9t at ! angle ( ! h9d-w+s4 ,x is peculi> to ! ,isl&s4 ,! male is a mo/ brilliant sulphur yell[1 ! =e-w+s be+ ( a deep] %ade ?an ! h9d ones4 ,! h9d-w+s h a deep orange spot ab\t ! c5tre4 ,! female diff]s f ! male 9 be+ ( a mu* pal] %ade ( yell[1 ) q a t+e ( gre5 all ov] x2 x also has a small orange spot on ! =e-w+s 9 addition to t on ! h9d-w+s4 ,bo? w+s h r$ m>k+s r\nd !m on ! out] edge1 :i* =m an almo/ int]rupt$ f9e l9e ( col\r4 ,! und]side resembles ! upp]1 b is pal]4 ,! ant5n are %ort & ?ick1 ) a r$di% t+e1 :i* becomes deep] at ! knob4 ,x is f\nd f ,janu>y to ,june 9 mo/ localities on & at a little di/ance f ! coa/2 g>d5s & fields seem some:at fav\r$1 b x is by no means common any:]e4 ,!re seem to be sev]al broods betwe5 ! mon?s m5tion$ above1 b ! l>va & pupa h n be5 obs]v$4 ,,colias ,,edusa4 ,,plate ,i4--,,fig4 #e 7female74 ,?is specim5 is ! ,engli% ,cl\d$ ,yell[4 ,! w+s measure f two to two & a half in*es across1 ! female be+ some:at l>g] ?an ! male4 ,bo? sexes h ! same broad black m>g9 on ! =e & h9d-w+s1 b ! male diff]s f ! female 9 hav+ no irregul> yell[ spots m>k$ on ^! black bord]s1 :i* are se5 9 ! female4 ,! h9d-w+s ( ! female are ( a some:at d>k] %ade ( yell[1 t+$ ) gre51 ?an ^? ( ! male1 & bo? sexes h a bright orange spot ab\t ! middle ( ! w+4 ,b5ea?1 bo? sexes are alike1 ! =e-w+s be+ ( a light] orange ) sev]al irregul> black spots & a m>g9 ( gre5i% yell[4 ,! h9d-w+s are ( a uni=m gre5 col\r ) a r$ r+$ spot ab\t ! c5tre ( ea*1 accompani$ by a silv]-l dot 9 ! middle4 ,x is f\nd 9 quantities 9 mo/ localities1 f ! coa/ to ! p9e =e/s1 f ,febru>y to ,novemb]4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) a /ripe ( yell[ & :ite1 hav+ sev]al orange dots on x4 ,x is a miscellane\s fe$]1 pref]r+1 h[ev]1 legum9\s plants4 ,,colias v4 ,,helice4 ,,plate ,i4--,,fig4 #f4 ,a pale yell[i%-:ite v>iety ( ! =m] specim54 ,x is v r>e1 & is f\nd 9 ,may & dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 ?\gh v seldom met ) 9 ,engl&4#c ,x is slightly small] ?an ! ,colias ,edusa1 & has be5 f\nd s small z to measure only an in* across ! w+s4 ,don ,ramon ,gomez has "o 9 8 collection ( ?is size4 ,! m>k+s v>y consid]ably1 & ! bright orange spot 9 ! c5tre ( ! h9d-w+1 z se5 9 ! illu/ration1 is replac$ occasionally by a pure :ite "o4 ,! male has hi!rto n be5 f\nd4 #c ,9 ! summ] ( #ahib _m 7 tak54 ,,lyc,,na ,b,,tica4 ,a commonly f\nd blue butt]fly1 measur+ f "o to "o & a half in*es across ! w+s4 ,x is r>ely met ) 9 ,engl&4 ,! insect has a sl5d] tail at ! l[] angle ( ea* h9d-w+1 surm\nt$ by two black dots4 ,! m>g9s ( bo? w+s h a slight black or d>k br[n b&4 ,! "u-sides ( bo? w+s are ( a grey-br[n col\r /reak$ & slightly spott$ all ov] ) fa9t :ite l9es4 ,on ! l[] angle ( ea* h9d-w+ ! two black spots on ! upp] side are replac$ by two black ones du/$ ) silv]1 & surr\nd$ by a bright orange r+ :i* is broad] at ! top ?an at ! bottom4 ,! ant5n are br[n1 slightly spr9kl$ ) :ite4 ,x is f\nd on ! r\gh fields 7especially :]e ! ,lup9e gr[s71 b>rancos1 & h$ge-r[s1 betwe5 ,m>* & ,augu/4 ,specim5s nett$ e>ly 9 ! ye> are n s l>ge z ^? f\nd dur+ ,may1 & 9 ! summ] mon?s4 ,,lyc,,na ,,websiana4 ,,plate ,i4--,,figs4 #g ,,& #h4 ,?is is a small] blue butt]fly ?an t j describ$1 measur+ ab\t "o in* across ! w+s4 ,x is peculi> to ! ,isl&s1 & is kn[n by "s lov]s ( ,entomology z ! 8,peak ,blue40 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 f\nd on ! ,peak alone1 b is nett$ 9 b>rancos & g>d5s at a mu* l[] altitude2 x frequ5ts ! p9e =e/s 9 l>ge numb]s1 & has be5 also f\nd on ! s\? coa/ ( ! ,isl& ( ,t5]iffe1 at ,guim> 7see ,app5dix ,b71 s x may be fairly consid]$ to be widely disp]s$ ov] ! ,isl&4 ,x is und\bt$ly f\nd 9 ! greate/ numb]s 9 ! elevat$ zone ( ! p9e =e/s1 :]e1 h[ev]1 ow+ to ! extremely slipp]y nature ( ! gr\nd1 x is difficult to net4 ,! male is ( a beautiful metallic blue col\r2 ! female ( a mu* br[n] blue4 ,! upp]side ( ! male1 & ! und]side ( ! female1 are %[n 9 ! illu/rations4 ,! =e-w+s ( ! und]side 9 bo? sexes are alike1 be+ ( an orange tawny col\r1 ) a :ite unev5 spot on ! top m>g9 ( ea* w+1 & five or six some:at indi/9ct br[n spots at ! out] edge1 int]sp]s$ ) :ite4 ,! h9d-w+s are ( an a%y br[n1 ) a longitud9al1 irregul> silv] :ite l9e d[n ea*1 bo? w+s be+ m9utely dott$ ) :ite4 ,five or six br[n spots1 du/$ ) silv]1 are se5 at ! m>g9 ( ! h9d-w+s4 ,x usually appe>s 9 ,m>*1 ?\gh x has be5 se5 at an e>li] date4 ,! l>va & pupa h n hi!rto be5 f\nd4 ,,lyc,,na ,,lysimon4 ,?is is ! smalle/ specim5 ( blue butt]fly f\nd 9 ,t5]iffe1 be+ n q "o in* 9 expanse4 ,! female is r a br[n] blue ?an ! male4 ,! col\r+ on ! upp]side is ( a mo/ beautiful uni=m blue1 all ! w+s hav+ a m>g9 ( br[n2 & a slight :ite fr+e at ! edges4 ,! und]side ( all ! w+s is grey1 r freely dott$ ov] ) d>k] spots1 encircl$ by greyi% :ite4 ,x is v commonly f\nd on all grassy fields & lanes1 & quantities flutt] quickly along ! grass-gr[n /reets ( ,orotava f ,april to ,augu/4 ,x is n an inhabitant ( ,engl&1 b is f\nd 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 ,spa91 great] "p ( ,africa1 ,we/]n ,asia1 & ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,! cat]pill> & *rysalis h n be5 obs]v$4 ,,lyc,,na ,,a/r>*e v4 ,,/iva4 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,fig4 #f4 ,a small d>k copp]1 ! expanse ( w+s be+ ab\t "o in*1 or r m4 ,x is n f\nd 9 ,engl&4 ,on ! upp]side on all ! w+s !re is a m>g9al b& ( bright copp]1 ! =e-w+s h a black spot ab\t ! c5tre ( ea*4 ,a fr+e ( :ite edges all ! f\r w+s4 ,! "u widely diff]s f ! upp] side 9 col\r+ & m>k+s4 ,! gr\nd col\r is light grey1 freely dott$ ov] ) black spots encircl$ by :ite4 ,all f\r w+s h ! same bright m>g9al copp] b& z se5 on ! upp] side4 ,! ant5n are black or d>k br[n1 f9ely dott$ ) :ite4 ,x is some:at r>ely f\nd 9 fields & b>rancos on high gr\nd1 b may be met ) 9 l>g] quantities 9 ! p9e =e/s4 ,! "t ( its appe>ance is f ,april to ,septemb]4 ,:5 comp>+ ! ,t5]iffe specim5 ( ?is butt]fly ) ^? ( o!r c\ntries at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 x 0 notic$ t ! m>g9al copp] b& 0 broad] on ! ,t5]iffe specim51 & x may be possible t x %\ld be reckon$ z a new v>iety4 ,,polyommatus or ,,*rysophanus ,,phl,,z4 ,a copp] butt]fly1 & a common ,engli% specim51 measur+ f "o to "o & a half in*es across ! w+s4 ,! =e-w+s are ( a bright copp] r$1 ) l>ge squ>e black spots di/9ctly m>k$1 & an out] b& ( br[n4 ,! h9d-w+s are d>k br[n1 hav+ a m>g9al copp] b& on ! out] edge1 :i* 9 "s specim5s is surm\nt$ by a few blue spots4 ,! und]side ( ! =e-w+s is pale copp]1 ! h9d-w+s be+ grey1 ) m9ute black or d>k br[n spots1 & traces ( a m>g9al b& ( copp]4 ,x is commonly f\nd f ,febru>y to ,septemb] 9 mo/ places 9 ,t5]iffe1 up to ! altitude ( ! p9e =e/s4 ,! l>va fe$s on a v>iety ( ,rumex 7dock or sorrel74 ,"s specim5s h be5 f\nd mu* d>k] 9 col\r ?an ^? describ$ above1 ! diff]5ce be+ s great z to sugge/ ! possibility ( a di/9ct v>iety4 ,,!cla ,,rubi4 ,?is small butt]fly is call$ 9 ,engl& ! ,gre5 ,hair ,/reak1 ,x is said to h be5 nett$ 9 ! ,isl& dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 & its appe>ance is believ$ to be well au!nticat$4 ,! l>va is gre51 ) a yell[ l9e on ! back1 bord]$ ) d>k]1 & foll[$ by a l9e ( pale triangul> spots1 & a yell[ l9e on ! sides3 x lives on brambles1 c4 ,! fly exp&s ab\t "o in*2 x is ( a uni=m br[n col\r above1 & a uni=m gre5 bel[1 ) a r[ ( :ite dots on ! und]side ( ! h9d-w+s4 ,,danais ,,plexippus1 =m]ly ,,ar*ippus4 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,fig4 #a4 ,! l>ge/ butt]fly f\nd 9 ! ,isl&s1 measur+ f f\r to f\r & a half in*es across ! w+s4 ,! l>va is v bright 9 col\r1 hav+ transv]se b&s ( blacki% violet1 gold1 & :ite alt]nately4 ,x has f\r black horns or fle%y spikes along its back1 & :5 full gr[n measures ab\t two in*es 9 l5g?1 & x is r /\t & smoo?4 ,! pupa1 gre5 :5 fir/ turn$1 & susp5d+ itself by ! tail only1 has a bright gold b& half-way r\nd its base1 & a s]ies ( gold spots encircl+ its head4 ,%ortly be=e em]g+ to a butt]fly1 x turns to a d>k br[n4 ,! cat]pill> nev] susp5ds itself to ! plant on :i* x fe$s1 b goes to "s ( ! high] grasses ne> x1 or x pref]s /ill bett] a mall[ plant1 f ! leaves ( :i* z _m z sixte5 beautiful bright gre5 & gold *rysalides h be5 se5 hang+1 =m+ q a picture "u ! illum9ation ( ! glori\s sun ( ,t5]iffe4 ,x lives & fe$s greg>i\sly on ! 8,arbol de ,s$a10 #d a plant be>+ a v bright r$ & gold fl[]4 ,_m specim5s 7 re>$ f q small cat]pill>s 9 ! bre$+-cages4 ,!y 7 easy to keep1 b especial c>e mu/ be tak5 9 provid+ !m ) fre% food1 & great att5tion ought to be paid to v5tilation1 or "s disappo9tm5t may be exp]i5c$ 9 ! numb] t die dur+ ! pupa /ate = no app>5t reason4 ,a little ( ! morn+ sun is b5eficial to !m1 z !y are f\nd1 :5 9 a natural /ate1 9 ! mo/ sunny localities4 #d ,asclepias cuvassavica4 ,a brood seems to em]ge ab\t e ?ree mon?s 9 mo/ ye>s f ,febru>y to ,septemb]4 ,! butt]fly frequ5ts fl[]-g>d5s & fields ne> ! coa/1 n (t5 be+ f\nd m ?an sev5 or eight hundr$ feet above ! sea4 ,x is ( a ri* orange tawny col\r1 r heavily ve9$ ) black or d>k br[n4 ,all f\r w+s h a broad black bord]1 ) two l9es ( :iti% yell[ dots along ! m>g94 ,!re is a l>ge apical pat* ( blacki% br[n on ea* =e-w+1 ) sev5 l>ge yell[ & :ite spots on ! tip4 ,!re is n a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! upp] & ! "u side1 except t on ! latt] ! :ite m>g9al spots are l>g]1 & !re is m :ite on ! black-fea!r$ body4 ,! insect looks spl5didly bright & fla%+ z x so>s along ) a /eady flight f tree to tree on ! 8,c>ret]a10 & x mu/ be quickly nett$1 or x soon rises out ( rea*4 ,^! butt]flies are di/a/eful to birds1 z also are ! ?ree foll[+ v>ieties belong+ to ! same family4 ,= ?is reason ! family ( ,danais is 8mimick$0 by butt]flies ( o!r species1 ! butt]fly next describ$ 7,danais ,*rysippus7 be+1 = in/ance1 copi$ closely by sev]al ,african & ,indian species ( butt]flies & ev5 "s mo?s4 ,! ,danais ,plexippus is a v common butt]fly 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 & has )9 ! la/ few ye>s become widely disp]s$1 "s specim5s hav+ be5 f\nd 9 ,engl& 9 #ahgg & subsequ5tly4 ,,danais ,,*rysippus4 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,fig4 #b4 ,?is butt]fly is widely disp]s$ ov] ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,africa1 b x is n f\nd 9 ,engl&4 ,x is ( ! same col\r z ! la/ describ$ specim51 b is n s l>ge1 measur+ 9 expanse f two & a half to ?ree & a half in*es4 ,! tips ( ! =e-w+s are broadly m>k$ ) black1 %ad+ (f to br[n1 cross$ ) a b& ( :ite spots4 ,f\r ( ^! spots are ( a quadrilat]al =m1 & mu* l>g] ?an ! re/4 ,! out] m>g9s ( all f\r w+s are bord]$ ) black1 freely dott$ ) :ite4 ,!re are ?ree black spots on ! c5tre ( ! h9d-w+s ( ! female2 ! male has f\r1 ! f\r?1 :i* is l>ge/1 be+ plac$ "u ! pr9cipal ve94 ,! "u is simil> 9 m>k+s & col\r+ to ! upp] side1 b ! :ite spots are m pron\nc$1 & ! tawny yell[ some:at pal]2 ! apex ( ea* =e-w+ is moreov] tipp$ ) yell[1 in/ead ( be+ black l ! upp]side4 ,! l>va is v simil> to t ( ! ,plexippus4 ,x is some:at small]1 h[ev]1 has six fle%y horns in/ead ( f\r1 & ! transv]se gold & black /ripes are int]sp]s$ ) :ite spots in/ead ( /ripes4 ,x fe$s greg>i\sly ) ! above v>iety on ! 8,arbol de ,s$a10 & appe>s at ! same "t1 9 ! same locality1 & 9 equal numb]s4 ,:5 x *anges to ! pupa /ate x resembles closely ! bright gre5 *rysalis ( its companion1 only x is n q s l>ge4 ,,danais ,,alcippoides4 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,fig4 #c4 ,?is butt]fly1 a v>iety ( ! ,*rysippus1 is r>e 9 ,t5]iffe4 ,x is f\nd commonly 9 ,africa & ,we/]n ,asia1 & is a transition v>iety betwe5 ! ,*rysippus & ,alcippus4 ,x has :iti% h9d-w+s1 r silv]y look+1 ) orange m>k+s )9 ! black bord]4 ,! h9d-w+s h less :ite ^u !m ?an ^? ( ! ,alcippus4 ,x is simil> 9 all respects & habits1 mode ( fe$+1 etc41 to ! ,*rysippus1 & is f\nd greg>i\sly ) x4 ,:5 kept collectively1 ab\t "o 9 fifty ( ! *rysalides proves to be ( ?is v>iety4 ,! cat]pill>s ( ! ?ree v>ieties ( ,danais describ$ are ab\t f\r weeks be=e turn+ to *rysalides1 & rema9 9 t /ate f two to ?ree weeks be=e em]g+ to ! imago4 ,,danais ,,dorippus v4 ,,klugii4 ,?is is ! f\r? v>iety ( ! g5us ,danais1 & is au!ntically claim$ z "o ( ! ,t5]iffe butt]flies1 ?\gh by no means commonly f\nd4 ,x v>ies f ! ,*rysippus 9 hav+ no br[n apical pat* on ! =e-w+s1 & x also has no b& ( :ite spots across !m4 ,x measures f two & a half to ?ree & a half in*es across ! w+s4 ,x is n an inhabitant ( ,engl&1 b is commonly f\nd 9 ,nor? ,africa & ,we/]n ,asia4 ,,argynnis ,,maia 7,cram71 or ,,p&ora4 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,figs4 #a ,,& #b4 ,?is butt]fly is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ,fritill>ys1 & is also "o ( ! l>ge/ ( ,t5]iffe butt]flies1 measur+ 9 expanse f ?ree & a half to f\r in*es4 ,x mo/ly frequ5ts woods & mead[s1 n (t5 be+ met ) bel[ an altitude ( fifte5 hundr$ feet above ! sea4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,s\? ,europe1 & is also met ) 9 ,africa4 ,! "t ( its appe>ance comm5ces 9 ,may1 & cont9ues dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,! l>va is purpli%-br[n ) black m>k+s2 x fe$s on he>tsease4 ,! upp] & "u side diff] greatly1 z may be se5 9 ! illu/rations4 ,! prevail+ col\r ( ! upp] surface is a beautiful bronze gre51 t+$ ) yell[ on ! =e-w+s4 ,! bronze gre5 col\r is freely m>k$ all ov] by velvety black oblong spots1 da%es1 & l9es1 ! m>g9 ( ea* w+ hav+ a cont9u\s scallop$ l9e ( black4 ,! body & h9d-w+s are v fea!r$ & d[ny4 ,! und]side ( ! =e-w+s is a brilliant p9k-r$ & black col\r1 ) an apical pat* ( gre51 hav+ yell[ m>k+s4 ,! h9d-w+s are gre5 ) a long irregul> /ripe ( silv] d[n ! c5tre ( ea*1 ! /ripe be+ fr+$ on ! out] edge by five silv] dots4 ,!re is a m>g9al silv] b& ) a f9e yell[ l9e runn+ along ! out] edge ( ! h9d-w+s4 ,! body is gre5 on ! upp]1 & buff-yell[ on ! "u-side1 ! legs be+ ( ! latt] col\r4 ,!re is n mu* diff]5ce betwe5 ! male & female4 ,,argynnis ,,la?onia4 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,figs4 #c ,,& #d4 ,?is exquisite butt]fly1 :i* is ab\t two in*es 9 expanse1 is kn[n 9 ,engl&1 :]e x is acc\nt$ a great r>ity1 by ! common "n ,que5 ( ,spa9 ,fritill>y1 & x is n v commonly f\nd 9 ,t5]iffe4 ,! cat]pill> is a greyi% br[n ) a :ite dorsal l9e1 spott$ ) black1 & hav+ two br[ni% l9es on ! sides4 ,! sp9es are r$di% & ! legs yell[4 ,x fe$s on ! he>tsease1 violet1 etc4 ,! upp] surface is a tawny orange col\r ) _m di/9ct r\nd$ black spots4 ,on ! "u-side ! h9d-w+s are br[ni% yell[ ) v l>ge oval silv] spots int]sp]s$ ) small] ones4 ,! =e-w+s h black spots ( v>i\s sizes1 & five or six apical silv] spots4 ,! butt]fly is f\nd mo/ly on high gr\nd 9 b>rancos2 b also 9 fields & g>d5s f ! mon?s ( ,m>* to ,septemb]1 ?\gh 9 "s ye>s x appe>s e>li]4 ,x flits quickly along ! pa?s 9 ! b>rancos1 settl+ at %ort di/ances1 v (t5 j out ( rea* ( ! net1 & ?is livel9ess (t5 necessitates a long walk aft] a specim54 ,! ant5n are furni%$ ) a r\nd ?ick nob at ! end4 ,!re is no v m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! male & female4 ,,pyrameis ,,atalanta4 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,fig4 #g4 ,?is ri*ly-col\r$ butt]fly1 kn[n 9 ,engl& z ! ,r$ ,admiral1 is v r>e 9 ! ,can>y ,isl&s4 ,! gr\nd-col\r ( ! upp] surface ( ! =e-w+s is a velvety black1 %ad+ (f to br[n at ! base4 ,a bright r$ oblique b& crosses ! w+s1 & f\r l>ge oblong :ite spots1 ) f\r or five small] ones1 are gr\p$ on ! apex4 ,^! aga9 are bord]$ by sev]al fa9t blue spots1 q at ! tip4 ,! h9d-w+s are blacki% br[n1 ) a broad r$ m>g91 9 :i* are f\r black dots1 & "s blue spots are m>k$ on ! l[] angle ( ! w+s4 ,on ! und]side ! =e-w+s are black1 ) sev]al /eely blue l9es1 ! r$ b& across ! c5tre be+ cle>ly def9$4 ,! apex ( ! w+s is br[ni% yell[1 m>k$ ) :ite4 ,! h9d-w+s are mo/ beautifully v>iegat$ ) /eely blue1 black1 & buff4 ,! ant5n are long & sl5d]1 abruptly =m+ a knot at ! end1 :i* is tipp$ ) :ite4 ,! l>va is dusky gre5 9 col\r1 ) a yell[ l9e runn+ d[n its back & sides2 x is sp>+ly col\r$ ) %ort /ubby hairs1 & is f\nd greg>i\sly on ! nettle-leaf4 ,gold spots are freely spr9kl$ ov] ! br[n *rysalis4 ,! cat]pill> /age la/s five or six weeks1 ! butt]fly appe>+ 9 ano!r ?ree or f\r4 ,! l>va susp5ds itself by ! tail1 (t5 wrapp+ itself 9 a nettle-leaf1 on :i* x fe$s4 ,if ! pupa is ga!r$ f ! nettles = bre$+1 x %\ld be fa/5$ 9 ! cage 9 ! same position1 head d[nw>ds4 ,disappo9tm5t is (t5 exp]i5c$ 9 ! numb] ( butt]flies t em]ge f ! *rysalis /ate1 s _m be+ attack$ by ants1 c4 ,! cat]pill>s are f\nd greg>i\sly ) ! ,callirhoe1 :i* is ! commone/ species ( ,pyrameis f\nd 9 ! ,isl&s4 ,among _m re>$1 ?ree only prov$ to be ,atalanta butt]flies4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,t5]iffe f ,janu>y to ,june4 ,,pyrameis ,,callirhoe1 or ,,vulcania4 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,fig4 #f4 ,?is is ! mo/ common butt]fly ( ! ,pyrameis g5us f\nd 9 ! ,isl&s4 ,x is simil> 9 col\r+ to ! la/ describ$1 b x has a mu* broad] r$ oblique ind5t$ /ripe on ! =e-w+s4 ,! :ite apical m>k+s are n s _m or l>ge1 & x has no blue spots on ! tips ( ! =e-w+s4 ,! habits & locality ( ! cat]pill> & *rysalis are s l ^? ( ! ,atalanta1 t description is n ne$$4 ,9 re>+ _m specim5s1 two butt]flies prov$ to h bright yell[ on ! h9d-w+s 9 place ( ! r$ b&4 ,:e!r !y are a di/9ct v>iety or n1 _c at pres5t be positively /at$4#e #e ,see ,app5dix ,c4 ,,pyrameis ,,c>dui4 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,fig4 #e4 ,?is insect1 :i* is ! ,engli% ,pa9t$ ,lady1 might at fir/ sight be tak5 = a fad$ ,atalanta4 ,! cat]pill> lives g5]ally solit>y on hollyhock1 nettle1 or mall[1 curl+ itself up 9 a leaf ,x is ( a grey-br[n col\r1 ?ickly spr9kl$ ) hairs1 a yell[ l9e fr+$ by r$di% dots runs along ea* side4 ,x is f\nd 9 mo/ localities up to a consid]able elevation1 f ,febru>y till well on into ! summ]4 ,! butt]fly is ( a tawny r$ col\r1 %ad+ (f to br[n at ! base ( ! =e-w+s1 ) d>k m>k+s & oblong black spots4 ,! apex ( ! w+s is m>k$ & edg$ 9 :ite1 simil> to ! ,atalanta4 ,! h9d-w+s are ( ! same tawny r$ col\r1 hav+ a l9e ( five r\nd black spots runn+ along ea* l[] m>g94 ,! =e-w+s are m>k$ on ! "u-side z above1 ! col\r1 h[ev]1 be+ r$d]4 ,! h9d-w+s are pale buff1 olive br[n1 & :ite1 hav+ f\r or five blue-black eyes ne> ! l[] m>g91 ! two c5tre eyes be+ small] ?an ! o!rs1 :i* are circl$ by black & :ite4 ,its flight is v swift1 & its erratic & rapid gyrations f side to side make x a difficult specim5 to net4 ,,pyrameis v4 ,,hunt]a4 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,fig4 #d4 ,?is is a sc>ce v>iety 9 ,t5]iffe ( ! butt]fly j describ$4 ,x is commonly f\nd 9 ,am]ica1 & "s few insects h be5 tak5 9 ,engl&4 ,x is simil> 9 col\r+ to ! ,c>dui1 b some:at bright]4 ,! flight ( ! insect is /eadi]1 & ?is1 toge!r ) ! brightness 9 col\r1 di/+ui%es x f o!rs ( ! same family :5 se5 fly+ 9 company4 ,x is f\nd 9 b>rancos & g>d5s1 & has be5 nett$ 9 a locality ab\t #fjj feet above ! sea ne> ,orotava1 toge!r ) ! la/ two butt]flies describ$4 ,all ?ree specim5s 7 se5 flitt+ 9 company1 ! ,callirhoe & ,c>dui pr$om9at+ 9 numb]1 ) a few specim5s ( ! ,hunt]a disp]s$ among !m4 ,! upp] surface is brick-r$1 m>k$ ) black1 ! =e-w+s hav+ a d>k apical pat*1 ) sev]al :ite spots4 ,! h9d-w+s h five blue spots1 encircl$ by black1 ne> ! l[] m>g94 ,b5ea?1 ! =e-w+s are ( a mo/ beautiful r$ col\r1 int]sp]s$ ) black1 grey-br[n1 & :ite1 & hav+ two eyes on ! apex4 ,! h9d-w+s are ( a lovely grey-br[n t+e1 lib]ally ve9$ ) :ite1 hav+ a :iti% unev5 b& d[n ! c5tre4 ,?is b& has two l>ge eyes1 ) blue c5tres outside x4 ,on ! edge ( ! w+s ?ree grey-blue l9es are se51 mak+ ! t\t ensemble a mo/ exquisite rev]se1 & ! greate/ contra/ to ! upp] surface4 ,x is usually f\nd f ,april to ,augu/4 ,?\gh fad$ & small specim5s 7 f\nd e>li]1 ! beauty ( ! insect is n se5 till ,april4 ,! cat]pill> is br[n1 sp>+ly cov]$ ) hairs1 & has bright r$ spots d[n its sides4 ,x is r l>g] ?an ! ,c>dui l>va4 ,,p>>ge ,,xiphioides4 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,fig4 #e4 ,?is is n an ,engli% butt]fly1 ?\gh x is some:at simil> to ! ,speckl$ ,wood ,argus 7,p>age g]ia74 ,x is v commonly f\nd 9 ! ,isl&s 9 mo/ localities up to ?ree or f\r ?\s& feet above ! sea4 ,x measures 9 expanse f two & a half to ?ree in*es4 ,^? f\nd e>ly 9 ! ye> are ( a small] & dull] col\r ?an ^? nett$ lat] on4 ,x is ( a ri* br[n col\r1 ! =e-w+s be+ freely m>k$ ) orange-yell[ spots4 ,! h9d-w+s are pl5tifully fea!r$ at ! base1 & h a long da% ( yell[ d[n !m1 ) ?ree d>k eyes ne> ! m>g91 :i* is scallop$ ) fa9t :ite4 ,! "u-side ( ! =e-w+s is light] 9 col\r ?an ! surface1 ?\gh simil> 9 m>k+s4 ,! h9d-w+s are ( a uni=m olive-br[n %ade1 ) a long unev5 silv]y /ripe half-way d[n ! c5tre4 ,!re is no v decid$ knob on ! end ( ! ant5n1 :i* only ?ick5 slightly t[>ds ! end4 ,,ep9ephele ,,hispulla1 or ,,=tunata 7,alph474 ,?is br[n butt]fly resembles ! ,engli% ,l>ge ,mead[ ,br[n 7,e4 ,janira71 b is ( a ri*] col\r & l>g] size1 measur+ 9 expanse ab\t two & a half to ?ree in*es4 ,! female1 :i* diff]s l>gely f ! male 9 col\r & m>k+s1 is ( an a%y-br[n col\r1 ! =e-w+s be+ orange-tawny1 leav+ only an unev5 m>g9al b& ( grey-br[n4 ,!re is an apical eye ( black1 ) a small :ite c5tre4 ,! h9d-w+s are a%y-grey1 ) a m>g9al orange-tawny b&4 ,! body & base ( ! l[] w+s are freely fea!r$4 ,! "u-side is simil> 9 col\r+1 only light]2 ! apical eyes are m /rongly m>k$2 ! h9d-w+s are ( an orange-br[n t9t1 ! orange b& be+ slightly def9$ on ?is side4 ,! male has no orange-tawny m>k+s on ! surface1 only a slight %ade ( yell[ be+ se5 on ! =e-w+s1 %imm]+ ?r\gh ! uni=m br[n col\r ( ! insect4 ,!re is a small black eye1 ) a :ite c5tral dot on ! apex ( ea* =e-w+4 ,on ! "u-side ! =e-w+s ( ! male are orange-tawny1 ! black eye be+ l>g] & m pron\nc$ ?an on ! surface4 ,! h9d-w+s ( ! male are ( a uni=m olive-br[n col\r4 ,x is f\nd 9 b>rancos1 mead[s & r\gh places1 f ! coa/ up to a mod]ately high altitude1 f ,april to ,septemb]2 ! male appe>s fir/ 9 ! greate/ numb]s1 & t[>ds ,june ! female is also f\nd 9 great quantities4 ,! cat]pill> has n be5 obs]v$4 ,,hipp>*ia ,,/atil9us4 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,fig4 #g4 ,?is is a br[n butt]fly common 9 _m p>ts ( ,s\!rn & ,c5tral ,europe1 ?\gh n f\nd 9 ,engl&4 ,x is a r>e insect 9 ,t5]iffe1 & is only met ) high up 9 ! m\nta9s1 *iefly at ,vilaflor1 & on ! s\? "p ( ! isl&1 ab\t ,july & ,augu/4 ,x measures 9 expanse f two to ?ree in*es1 & is ( a uni=m br[n col\r1 hav+ a few :ite m>k+s1 :i* v>y mu* 9 diff]5t specim5s1 on ! =e-w+s4 ,two l>ge br[n spots are se5 at ! out] m>g9 ( ea* =e-w+1 int]sp]s$ ) small :ite spots4 ,! h9d-w+s are br[n1 %ad+ to light] col\r at ! base4 ,! "u-side is prettily mottl$1 & /reak$ ) grey-br[n1 ! two d>k spots se5 on ! m>g9 be+ well def9$4 ,! l>va & *rysalis h n be5 obs]v$4 ,,hesp]ia ,,act,,on4 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,fig4 #h4 ,?is is a small ,skipp]1 ! only memb] ( ?is family f\nd 9 ,t5]iffe4 ,x resembles ! ,engli% ,lulwor? ,skipp]1 & frequ5ts damp places ne> ! wat]-c\rses1 ?\gh some:at p>tial & sc>ce4 ,9 a limit$ spot ne> ,orotava x has be5 f\nd 9 quantities2 & at ,tacoronti1 :]e butt]flies ab\nd1 "s h be5 tak54 ,! :ole surface is ( an orange-bronze col\r ) slight br[n m>k+s4 ,! ant5n are %ort & club-l2 ! head is l>ge1 & ! body ?icki%4 ,x is f\nd f ,april till ,june1 b solit>y specim5s are sometimes met ) e>li] 9 ! ye>4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,butt]flies ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,t5]iffe4 ,,"n ,,( ,,butt]fly4 ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,localities1 ,,etc4 99 #a ,pi]is ,*eiran?i ,only 9 ,can>y ,isl&s4 99 #b ,pi]is ,wolla/oni ,can>y ,isl&s & ,madeira4 #c ,pi]is ,rap ,engl& 7,common ,:ite74 #d ,pi]is ,daplidice ,engl&2 r>e 7,ba? ,:ite74 99 #e ,eu*lo ,*>lonia ,n 9 ,engl&2 ,n4 & ,w4 ,africa4 #f ,aporia ,cratgi ,engl&2 r>e 7,black-ve9$ ,:ite74 99 #g ,rhodoc]a ,cleobule ,n 9 ,engl&2 peculi> to ! ,isl&s4 99 #h ,colias ,edusa ,engl& 7,cl\d$ ,yell[74 99 #i ,colias v4 ,helice ,engl&2 r>e4 #aj ,lycna ,btica ,engl&2 v r>e 7,tail$ ,blue74 99#aa ,lycna ,webbiana ,only 9 ,can>y ,isl&s4 #ab ,lycna ,lysimon ,n 9 ,engl&4 99#ac ,lycna ,a/r>*e v4 /iva ,n 9 ,engl&4 #ad ,polyommatus or ,*rysophanus ,phlz ,engl& 7,common ,copp]74 #ae ,!cla ,rubi ,engl& 7,gre5 ,hair ,/reak74 99#af ,danais ,plexippus 7=m]ly ,ar*ippus7 ,engl&2 v r>e4 99#ag ,danais ,*rysippus ,n 9 ,engl&4 99#ah ,danais ,alcippoides ,n 9 ,engl&4 #ai ,danais ,dorippus ,n 9 ,engl&4 99#bj ,argynnis ,maia 7,cram71 or ,p&ora ,9 ,can>y ,isl&s1 ,n4 ,africa1 & ,s4 ,europe4 99#ba ,argynnis ,la?onia ,engl&2 r>e 7,que5 ( ,spa9 ,fritill>y74 99#bb ,pyrameis 7=m]ly ,vanessa7 ,atalanta ,engl& 7,r$ ,admiral74 99#bc ,pyrameis ,callirhoe or ,vulcania ,n 9 ,engl&4 99#bd ,pyrameis ,c>dui ,engl& 7,pa9t$ ,lady74 99#be ,pyrameis v4 ,hunt]a ,engl&2 v r>e2 common 9 ,am]ica4 99#bf ,p>>ge ,xiphiodes ,n 9 ,engl&4 #bg ,ep9ephele ,hispulla or ,=tunata 7,alph47 ,n 9 ,engl&4 99#bh ,hipp>*ia ,/atil9us ,n 9 ,engl&4 99#bi ,hesp]ia ,acton ,engl&2 local 7,lulwor? ,skipp]74 99 ,m>k$ ?us are illu/rat$4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,,mo?s4 ,,a*]ontia ,,atropos4 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,fig4 #a4 ,?is is ! l>ge/ mo? f\nd 9 ! ,can>y ,isl&s1 kn[n z ! ,dea?'s ,head1 v r>ely met ) 9 ,engl&4 ,x measures f five to six in*es 9 expanse4 ,! gr\nd-col\r ( ! =e-w+s is br[n1 v>i$ ) zig-zag l9es ( :iti% yell[ & light br[n4 ,!re is a :ite dot 9 ! c5tre ( ea*1 & !y are du/$ all ov] ) m9ute :ite dots4 ,! h9d-w+s are orange1 ) two black m>g9al b&s on ! l[] edge4 ,! head is d>k br[n or black1 m>k$ ) a pale-br[n skull4 ,! body is orange1 ) a longitud9al b& ( blui% grey d[n ! c5tre1 increas+ 9 wid? t[>ds ! base4 ,six b&s ( black1 broade/ ne> ! head1 cross ! body4 ,! ant5n are r %ort & ?ick1 tipp$ ) :ite4 ,! cat]pill> measures ab\t f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 & is ( a mo/ gorge\s gre5 & yell[ col\r1 alt]nate transv]se b&s ( ^! col\rs runn+ along ! sides4 ,x has eight small eyes 9 a l9e bel[ ! transv]se b&s1 & a horn on its tail4 ,x fe$s on ! potato1 ! pupa mak+ a cell = itself und]gr\nd1 & appe>+ 9 ! l>ge/ numb]s betwe5 ,may & ,july2 b z a fre% crop ( potatoes is plant$ e ?ree mon?s 9 ! ,can>ies1 ! cat]pill>s are f\nd 9 small numb]s all ! ye> r\nd4 ,:5 br$ 9 captivity ! pupa is delicate1 q five out ( t5 dy+ 9 _! cases4 ,,sph9x ,,convolvuli or ,,batat4 ,?is mo? is f\nd 9 ,engl&1 & all ov] ,europe4 ,x is a l>ge mo?1 measur+ ab\t five in*es across ! w+s4 ,all f\r w+s are ( a v>iegat$ grey-br[n col\r1 ! body hav+ a longitud9al grey /ripe1 increas+ 9 wid? at ! base1 & five /ripes ( p9k & black across x alt]nately4 ,! ant5n are some:at long] & m sl5d] ?an ^? ( ! ,dea?'s ,head mo?4 ,!y are fea!r$1 & grey 9 col\r1 t]m9at+ 9 a %>p po9t4 ,! insect is provid$ ) a v long proboscis1 :i* "o sees x ins]t+ into ! c5tre ( ! fl[]s at dusk4 ,dur+ ! w9t] mon?s x is met ) commonly 9 "s ye>s4 ,! cat]pill>1 :i* measures f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 fe$s on ! sweet potato 9 ! fields1 & on ! petunia & phlox 9 g>d5s4 ,x is ( a br[n-grey col\r1 %ad+ to gre5 on ! back1 hav+ black longitud9al /ripes along ! back1 & transv]se black & :ite /ripes surm\nt$ by :ite spots at ! sides4 ,x is a night-fe$]1 hid+ itself "u ! leaves or 9 ! gr\nd at day-"t1 & con/ruct+ ! pupa-case und]gr\nd4 ,x is delicate & difficult to re> 9 captivity1 l ! ,atropos4 ,,deilephila ,,ti?ymali4 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,fig4 #d4 ,?is beautiful mo? is peculi> to ! ,can>y ,isl&s1 al?\gh alli$ species are f\nd ov] ! great] "p ( ,europe4#f ,x exp&s f ?ree to ?ree & a half in*es4 ,! =e-w+s are silv]y grey 9 col\r1 hav+ d>k olive-grey m>k+s1 & a long /ripe ( ?is col\r1 increas+ 9 wid? t[>ds ! body1 f ! apex to ! base4 ,! h9d-w+s are a ri* p9k1 hav+ a m>g9al b& ( d>k br[n1 & a f9e :ite l9e on ! out] edge4 ,! ant5n1 :i* are :ite1 are ?ick & fea!r$4 ,! head & body1 ?ickly fea!r$ ) :ite1 are ( an olive br[n col\r4 ,two b&s ( black cross ! top ( ! abdom51 :i* tap]s (f to a po9t1 ) b&s ( alt]nate :ite & olive br[n slightly m>k$ ) black4 ,! cat]pill> is easily f\nd on ! ,euphorbia :]e x fe$s greg>i\sly4 ,x is a beautiful d>k p9k1 ! horn be+ ( ?is col\r4 ,! d>k p9k is int]sp]s$ ) dusky gre5 & greyi% black spots1 & ! cat]pill>1 :5 at full size1 atta9s a l5g? ( ab\t f\r in*es4 ,x is f\nd f ,janu>y till ! end ( ,may1 b 9 ! greate/ numb]s 9 ,april1 :il/ ! ,euphorbia is 9 its prime4 ,! road-side betwe5 ,rambla & ,icod is a p>ticul>ly fav\r$ spot4 ,ab\t "o or two in*es ( dri$ e>? prep>$ z already m5tion$ are requir$ = ! l>va to make its slight case 91 ?\gh :5 9 a natural /ate x buries itself mu* deep]1 & ! pupa is difficult to f9d4 ,"s 7 f$ & re>$ on a species ( milk-wort4 ,!y ?riv$1 b ev5tually turn$ into small mo?s ( a pal] col\r ?an usual4 ,! pupa v>ies mu* 9 ! "t ( turn+ to ! mo? /age1 accord+ to ! wea!r1--f six weeks1 ! usual "t1 to ?ree mon?s4 ,"s cat]pill>s obta9$ 9 ,janu>y did n become mo?s till ! end ( ,m>*2 o!rs tak5 at full gr[? on ,m>* #ae? effect$ _! la/ *ange to ! mo? dur+ ! la/ week 9 ,april & fir/ week 9 ,may4 ,! pupa :5 x fir/ turns is ( a beautiful %ad$ gre5 col\r ) yell[i% m>k+s1 b x *anges to a uni=m br[n 9 a few days4 ,! cat]pill> is sometimes affect$ by a disease :i* consi/s ( a small r$ fungus gr[+ on ! body1 g5]ally t[>ds ! tail4 ,"o small brood 0 entirely lo/ f ?is disease1 :i* seem$ to be contagi\s4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! l>v are easy to keep1 & ! *rysalides hat* well & /rongly4 ,:5 numb]s are kept1 an old w9e-case %\ld be sub/itut$ = ! small] bre$+-cages already m5tion$1 ! mosquito-nett+ be+ us$ 9 ! same way4 ,a little sun is b5eficial to !m e day 9 ! morn+4 ,:5 kept too long 9 ! sun1 h[ev]1 !y cease to fe$1 al?\gh :5 9 a natural /ate sunny localities are mo/ fav\r$4 ,!y are n night-fe$]s only4 #f ,see ,app5dix ,d4 ,,*,,rocampa ,,cel]io4 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,fig4 #b4 7,%>p ,w+$ ,hawk-,mo?47 ,?is beautiful mo? is some:at alli$ to ! la/ describ$1 ! col\r be+ simil>1 b ! body is long] & m tap]+4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,engl&1 & 9 mo/ c\ntries :]e ! v9e gr[s1 on :i* x fe$s4 ,! =e-w+s are greyi% br[n ) a silv]y grey /ripe f ! apex to ! base2 ! out] l[] m>g9 is bord]$ by a simil> /ripe4 ,! h9d-w+s are ( a rosy p9k col\r1 ve9$ )1 & hav+ a m>g9al b& ( br[n4 ,! body is fea!r$1 & has a s]ies ( five %ort silv] /reaks d[n ea* side4 ,! ant5n are greyi% :ite1 n s long z ^? ( ! ,ti?ymali4 ,f ?ree to f\r in*es is ! l5g? ( ! beautiful bright gre5 cat]pill>4 ,?is has two d>k & two light spots on its head1 & a horn on its tail4 ,a fa9t yell[ longitud9al l9e runs along ea* side4 ,x is r liable to ! attacks ( ! i*neumon fly1 & s x is z well to se>* = ! eggs be=e putt+ x aside = re>+4 ,?is ye> 7#ahic7 "s 7 f\nd 9 ,april1 ?is be+ unusually e>ly1 z x does n appe> g5]ally till ,june1 f :i* date until ,augu/ x is v commonly met ) 9 ! v9ey>ds4 ,! pupa lies 9 a dormant /ate = f\r weeks1 & !n turns to ! mo? freely & /rongly4 ,,macroglossa ,,/ellat>um4 7,humm+ ,bird ,hawk-,mo?47 ,?is mo? is common 9 ,engl& & mo/ p>ts ( ,europe4 ,its =e-w+s are br[n1 ) fa9t longitud9al l9es ( a d>k] %ade2 ! h9d-w+s are orange tawny1 fr+$ ) light br[n4 ,x measures 9 expanse ab\t two in*es4 ,! head & body are br[n1 ! abdom5 spott$ ) black & :ite1 r lib]ally fea!r$4 ,! ant5n are br[n1 be+ ?9ne/ at ! base1 & gradually ?ick5+ to ! extremity4 ,x is se5 9 ! daytime1 z well z ev5+ hov]+1 ) an ev]-re/less motion ( ! w+1 ov] fl[]s4 ,! cat]pill> is gre51 ) a longitud9al :ite /ripe1 & a fa9t yell[ "o "u ! spiracles4 ,! "t ( its appe>ance is f ,m>* to ,septemb]1 b x is se5 ab\t 9 greate/ numb]s 9 ,june4 ,,rhyp>ioides ,,rufesc5s4 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,fig4 #e4 ,?is pretty mo? is peculi> to ! ,isl&s1 measur+ r m ?an two in*es across ! w+s4 ,x is r$ 9 col\r1 ! h9d-w+s be+ bright] ?an ! =e-w+s4 ,^! latt] are m>k$ ) longitud9al d>k /ripes 9 ! female1 d>k spots be+ sub/itut$ = ! /ripes 9 ! male4 ,! head is d>k r$1 %ad+ (f to light] r$ on ! ri*ly-fea!r$ body4 ,! ant5n are r$1 be+ ?ick] & m fea!r$ 9 ! male ?an ! female4 ,! cat]pill>s are br[n1 ?ickly cov]$ ) long silky hairs1 & are f\nd mo/ly 9 b>rancos1 fe$+ on ! dock & sorrel s+ly4 ,!y are also f\nd 9 g>d5s1 fe$+ some:at indiscrim9ately on cabbage or hollyhock4 ,:5 kept 9 captivity !y c be re>$ on cabbage1 & aft] atta9+ _! full size ( ab\t "o & a half in*es1 !y make a slight hairy cocoon "u a ?9 cov]+ ( e>?4 ,! cat]pill> /age la/s ab\t tw5ty days4 ,!y are f\nd 9 ,janu>y & hib]nate 9 ! pupa /ate till well on 9 ! summ]1 sometimes z late z ,octob] or ,novemb]1 ?\gh "s tak5 9 ,janu>y 7 br\ght to ,engl& & turn$ to mo?s on ! #bd? ( ,june foll[+4 ,aft] be+ kept = a "t ! *rysalides become a v d>k br[n1 almo/ black1 s t !re is a temptation to ?r[ !m away z dead1 s9ce !y %[ s little life2 b on op5+ ! h>d1 /ick-l sk91 ! creature is f\nd to be q fre%4 ,,dasy*ira ,,=tunata4 ,,plate ,,iv4--,fig4 #aa4 ,9 col\r a dull grey mo?4 ,! =e-w+s are a%-col\r$1 v>iegat$ ) :iti% on ! upp] side4 ,! r5i=m spot is ru/-col\r$ 9 ! male & :iti% 9 ! female4 ,! transv]se l9es are black & d5tat$1 ! subm>g9al l9e maculat$4 ,! h9d-w+s are grey1 ) a slight lunule 9 ! middle2 ! und]side uni=m grey4 ,! body is less /\t ?an ! ,d4 ,fascel9a 7,l9n474 ,! abdom5 is long 9 ! male & long] 9 ! female4 ,! ant5n are pect9at$ 9 ! male1 simple 9 ! female4 ,! legs are ?ickly clo!d ) hair1 ! feet yell[i% b5ea?4 ,al?\gh ! cat]pill> has n be5 describ$1 x presumably has mu* ! same *>act]i/ics z its allies1 & is probably greyi%1 ) tufts ( hair on its back2 x fe$s on ! ,p9us ,can>i5sis4 ,?is mo? is alli$ to ! ,engli%1 & ,european species ,dasy*ira ,fascel9a 7,d>k ,tussock71 b is probably peculi> to ! ,isl&s4 ,x has be5 describ$ z be+ f\nd 9 ! ,isl&s ( ,palma & ,hi]o by ,rog5h(] 9 ! 8,v]h&lung5 des ,kais]li*-,knigli*5 ,zoologis*-botanis*5 ,gesells*aft 9 ,wi510 vol4 #da 7= #ahia71 p4 #eff4 ,! specim5 illu/rat$ 0 drawn f "o ( two pres5t$ to ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum by ! ,rev4 ,o4 ,e4 ,b5?all1 :o f\nd ! *rysalides on trunks ( ! ,can>y p9e ne> ,guim>1 ,t5]iffe1 ab\t #b1jjj feet above ! sea1 & z f> z ! au?or c asc]ta9 x has n be=e be5 record$ z occurr+ 9 ,t5]iffe4 ,,deiopeia ,,pul*ella4 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,fig4 #i4 ,?is beautiful little mo?1 exp&+ ab\t "o & a half in*es1 is a v r>e insect 9 ,t5]iffe at ! pres5t "t1 ?\gh two or ?ree ye>s ago x 0 f\nd 9 great abundance ne>1 & along1 ! coa/ dur+ ! spr+ mon?s4#g ,x has yell[i% :ite =e-w+s freely spott$ ) black1 alt]nat$ ) oblong r$ spots1 n s num]\s4 ,! h9d-w+s are pe>l-:ite1 hav+ a small blacki% br[n spot t[>ds ! top1 & a m>g9al ind5t$ bord] ( ! same col\r4 ,! ?orax & head are speckl$ ) black & yell[4 ,! body is light pe>l-grey4 ,! l>va is d>k grey ) a broad :ite /ripe on ! back & r$di% /reaks on ! sides4 ,?is species is abundant ?r\gh\t ,africa1 ! ,s\? ( ,asia & ,europe1 b a v sc>ce insect 9 ,engl&4 ,don ,ramon ,gomez k9dly suppli$ ! specim5 illu/rat$4 #g ,a s+le specim5 0 tak5 by ! ,rev4 ,o4 ,e4 ,b5?all at ,guim> 9 #ahic4 ,,pseudophia ,,tirhaca 7,cram72 wrongly call$ ,,tyrrh,a4 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,fig4 #c4 ,?is is n an ,engli% species1 b is met ) 9 ,europe & ,nor? ,africa4 ,x is n v commonly f\nd 9 ,t5]iffe4 ,! =e-w+s are gre51 ) a c5tral r$di%-br[n spot1 ! out] m>g9 hav+ an ind5t$ b& ( ! same col\r4 ,! body & h9d-w+s1 ri*ly fea!r$1 are a beautiful /raw yell[1 ! latt] hav+ a d>k br[n graduat$ b& ne> ! l[] m>g94 ,x exp&s ab\t two in*es & a half4 ,! l>va is grey1 ) a pale grey /ripe on ! sides1 & black spots on ! l[] surface betwe5 ! pro-legs4 ,,calocampa ,,exoleta4 7,sword-,grass ,mo?47 ,?is mo? is an ,engli% species4 ,x measures 9 expanse betwe5 two & ?ree in*es1 & is ( a s(t violet grey t+e1 ! =e-w+s hav+ a v>iety ( br[n m>k+s4 ,! cat]pill> fe$s on ! ,euphorbia1 & has be5 f\nd greg>i\sly ) ! ,ti?ymali on t plant4 ,x is met )1 h[ev]1 on peas & potatoes1 & c be re>$ on ! leaves ( any ( ^! plants4 ,! l>va is bright gre51 ) two l9es ( black & :ite spots d[n ea* side ( ! back4 ,^! are bord]$ by a yell[ /ripe 7sometimes1 h[ev]1 abs5t71 & x has a brok5 r$ l9e on ea* side4 ,! cat]pill> atta9s a l5g? ( ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,"s 7 kept 9 ! same bre$+ cage ) ! ,ti?ymali1 b _! habits 7 entirely diff]5t4 ,:5 ! ,exoleta cat]pill> ceas$ to fe$1 x did n imm$iately atta9 ! pupa /ate1 b 0 re/less & lively1 rema9+ z a cat]pill> f six to eight weeks1 gradually %r9k+ & los+ its col\r1 until x turn$ to ! pupa4 ,x made a fragile %ell ( f9e e>?1 oval 9 =m1 & buri$ itself a %ort di/ance "u ! surface4 ,full-siz$ cat]pill>s1 tak5 on ! #bj? ( ,m>*1 ceas$ fe$+ & turn$ to ! pupa /ate f ! #a/ to ! #bj? ( ,may1 em]g+ to ! mo? on ! #ae? ( ,june4 ,9 "s specim5s ! process ( turn+ to ! pupa took place on ! j\rney to ,engl& 9 a box1 ! cat]pill>s be+ cov]$ lightly ) cotton-wool4 ,,triph,,na ,,pronuba4 7,common ,yell[ ,und]w+47 ,?is is a common mo? 9 ,engl& & ,europe1 b is r a sc>ce species 9 ,t5]iffe4 ,x exp&s a little m ?an two in*es4 ,! =e-w+s are d>k br[n1 hav+ a few irregul> m>k+s ( a light] %ade4 ,! h9d-w+s are bright yell[1 ) a d>k br[n m>g9al b& on ! l[] edge4 ,! body is a some:at light] br[n1 & ! ant5n are long & f9e4 ,! cat]pill> is br[n1 & x fe$s on a v>iety ( l[-gr[+ plants 9 ! b>rancos1 & may also be f\nd on ! potato4 ,x comm5ces to appe> 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,,plusia ,,aurif]a4 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,fig4 #f4 ,?is mo? is closely alli$ to ! ,*rysitis1 :i* is f\nd 9 ,engl&1 diff]+1 h[ev]1 9 ! %ape ( ! gold m>k+s4#h ,! =e-w+s h a bright gold5 m>g9al b& ( v>y+ wid? across !m1 f ! apex to ! base4 ,x is f\nd 9 r\gh places1 & c be easily nett$ :5 hov]+ ov] clov]-fl[]s or simil> l[-gr[+ h]bage at dusk4 ,! h9d-w+s are grey-br[n1 %ad+ (f to a light] t9t t[>ds ! body4 ,! ant5n are long & f9e4 ,! cat]pill> fe$s on ! tobacco-plant1 & is f\nd 9 b>rancos1 b x is mo/ usually met ) on potato-plants2 x envelops itself 9 a leaf1 draw+ x toge!r ) silk-l ?reads1 & s =m+ a case 9 :i* x turns to ! *rysalis4 ,x is f\nd v ne>ly all ! ye> r\nd1 b is met ) 9 greate/ numb]s dur+ ! spr+ mon?s4 #h ,alph]aky describes ! ,indian v>iety ,*rysit9a z a ,t5]iffe mo?4 ,,plusia ,,trip>tita 7,hufn47 ,,urtic 7,hbn74 ,kn[n 9 ,engl& z ! ,spectacle ,mo?4 ,x is met ) 9 ! day-"t z well z at dusk1 l _m o!rs ( ! g5us ,plusia4 ,its =e-w+s are d>k grey1 v>i$ ) gre5i%-:ite 9 ! basal & m>g9al areas2 ! sub-t]m9al l9e is m>k$ bel[ ! co/a ) black arr[-heads 9 front1 & is bord]$ ) deep black beh9d4 ,x is common 9 ! great] "p ( ,europe & ,nor!rn ,asia4 ,! l>va1 :i* is gre5i% br[n1 has two :ite l9es on ! back1 & sl5d] :ite & gre5 l9es along ea* side above ! feet4 ,x fe$s on nettle4 ,,plusia ,,circumflexa4 ,simil> some:at to ! ,engli% ,gamma1 or silv] ,y mo?1 b a di/9ct v>iety1 & f\nd l>gely 9 ,europe4 ,! =e-w+s are d>k a%y-grey1 ) bronze m>k+s1 & h a pale gold5 m>k 9 ! middle resembl+ ! lett] r4 ,! h9d-w+s are br[n1 ( a light] %ade t[>ds ! base4 ,x measures 9 expanse ab\t two in*es2 ! ant5n are long & f9e4 ,! l>va1 :i* is gre5 ) a yell[i% /ripe at ! sides1 fe$s on ! potato & o!r l[-gr[+ plants1 & is f\nd dur+ ! e>ly spr+ mon?s1 & well on into ! summ]4 ,,plusia ,,eriosoma4 ,?is is ! f\r? species describ$ "h ( ! l>ge g5us ,plusia4 ,x is a mu* bright] gold5-br[n col\r ?an ! la/ describ$ specim51 measur+ ab\t "o & a half in*es across ! w+s4 ,! =e-w+s are gold5-br[n1 hav+ two di/9ct gold spots ab\t ! c5tre4 ,! h9d are ( ! same t9t z ! =e-w+s1 d>k] at ! m>g91 & %ad+ (f light] t[>ds ! base4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,india1 b is n a ,european species4 ,,helio?is ,,armig]a4 ,?is is a v r>e mo? 9 ,engl&1 b is f\nd ov] ! great] "p ( ! _w4 ,x exp&s ab\t "o & a half in*es4 ,! =e-w+s are a br[ni% yell[1 ) d>k] indi/9ct m>k+s4 ,! h9d-w+s are light] yell[ 9 col\r1 ) a d>k semi-lun> spot 9 ! middle1 & h a d>k m>g9al bord]4 ,! ant5n are long & f9e4 ,! cat]pill> 0 f\nd on ! potato-plant & prov$ to be "o ( ! cannibal species4 ,x f$ occasionally on ! food provid$1 b seem$ g5]ally to pref] its companions 9 captivity1 fe$+ at night1 & s _h to be sep>at$ f !m4 ,! l>va is r$di% br[n 9 col\r1 ) a yell[i% /ripe on ! sides1 & x is v commonly f\nd 9 ,t5]iffe dur+ ! e>ly spr+ mon?s4 ,,helio?is ,,dipsacea4 ,?is is a small mo?1 ab\t "o to "o & a half in*es 9 expanse1 & f\nd ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,europe1 ,nor!rn & ,we/]n ,asia1 & ,nor? ,africa4 ,x frequ5ts high gr\nd 9 ! spr+ & summ]1 liv+ 9 r\gh places & 9 clov]-fields4 ,! =e-w+s are ( light olive-br[n %ade1 ) d>k m>k+s across !m4 ,! h9d-w+s are d>k olive-br[n1 fr+$ ) yell[1 & hav+ two l>ge yell[ unev5 spots ab\t ! c5tre1 ) a simil> "o on ! br[n m>g94 ,! body is /\t1 ! ant5n long & f9e4 ,! l>va is gre5 or ru/-col\r1 ) :ite l9es on ! back & sides4 ,,prod5ia ,,littoralis4 ,a mo?1 exp&+ ab\t "o in* & a half1 f\nd 9 ,africa1 b n 9 ,engl&4 ,x has br[n-grey =e-w+s1 ) opalesc5t m>k+s4 ,! h9d-w+s are ( a %9+ opalesc5t :ite4 ,! l>va is br[n1 fe$s on ! potato-plant1 & appe>s dur+ ! e>ly spr+4 ,! mo?s are se5 a mon? or six weeks lat]2 ^? br$ 9 captivity appe> simultane\sly ) ^? out ( doors4 ,,p]idroma ,,saucia4 ,r a f9e mo?1 inhabit+ ,europe1 ?\gh n f\nd 9 ,engl&4 ,x exp&s ab\t two in*es or m4 ,! =e-w+s are d>k br[n1 sometimes suffus$ ) a r$di% t+e at ! upp] m>g94 ,! h9d-w+s are ( a greyi% pe>l-:ite col\r1 ve9$ ) br[n1 ) a br[n %ade fr++ ! m>g9s4 ,! l>va is greyi%-br[n1 & fe$s on ! potato-plant1 :]e x is f\nd dur+ ! late w9t] & e>ly spr+4 ,! av]age "t = turn+ f ! l>va to ! mo? /age is f six to eight weeks4 ,,t>a*e ,,lucida4 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,fig4 #h4 ,?is is a small mo?1 n v commonly f\nd 9 ,t5]iffe4 ,x is met ) by day along ! coa/1 & up to an altitude ( #bjjj feet or m 9 r\gh rocky places1 9 ,april & up to ,june or ,july4 ,! prevail+ col\r is a blue-grey4 ,! =e-w+s h a l>ge squ>e pat* ( :ite on ! upp] m>g91 & a small] dot ( ! same col\r t[>ds ! middle4 ,! h9d-w+s are fr+$ ) :ite1 & h two or ?ree pat*es ( ! same col\r along _! m>g9s4 ,9 ! male1 ! :ite on bo? w+s is increas$ t[>ds ! base4 ,x is n an ,engli% species1 b is f\nd 9 ,europe & along ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! l>va is a gre5 or br[ni% grey1 ) ?ree d>k d\ble l9es on ! ?oracic segm5ts2 tuft$1 & ) a :ite l9e on ! back on segm5ts #e to #g1 & ) a d>k /ripe on ! back1 & a :iti% l9e on ! sides ( ! rema9+ segm5ts4 ,,/]rha ,,sacr>ia4 ,a pretty little mo?1 ab\t "o in* 9 expanse1 commonly f\nd 9 ! ,can>y ,isl&s4 ,x is widely disp]s$ ov] ,europe & ,asia1 & is a r>e inhabitant ( ,engl&4 ,! =e-w+s are sulphur-yell[1 t+$ ) bright r$ at ! apex1 & hav+ a r$ l9e runn+ f ! tip to ! middle ( ! inn] m>g94 ,! h9d-w+s are pale yell[i% :ite4 ,x frequ5ts r\gh places among %ort h]bage1 & is f\nd on & ne> ! coa/ 9 ! e>ly spr+ & dur+ ! summ]4 ,! l>va is gre51 ) a pal] l9e on ! back1 & a yell[i% l9e on ! sides4 ,spiracles r$4 ,x fe$s on l[-gr[+ plants4 ,,ommoto/ola ,,sac*>i4 ,a pale buff mo?1 measur+ 9 expanse ab\t two in*es4 ,! specim5 describ$ 0 nett$ at ,guim>1 ,t5]iffe1 9 ,may4 ,x is some:at common4 ,! =e-w+s & body are buff1 ! latt] be+ r ri*ly fea!r$4 ,! h9d-w+s are cream-:ite2 ! ant5n are r ?ick1 ( a m$ium l5g?4 ,x is n an inhabitant ( ,europe4 ,! l>va has n be5 obs]v$4 ,,hyp5a ,,obsitalis4 ,n an ,engli% mo?1 b an inhabitant ( ,s\? ,europe1 ,nor? ,africa1 & ,asia4 ,x measures 9 expanse ab\t "o in*4 ,! =e-w+s are br[n1 v>i$ ) pale yell[ & black m>k+s4 ,! h9d-w+s are grey1 %ad+ light] at ! base4 ,x makes its appe>ance 9 ! spr+1 & is v commonly f\nd 9 dwell+-h\ses or surr\nd+ out-h\ses 9 ! ev5+4 ,! l>va is gre51 ) a :ite /ripe on ! sides4 ,,hyp5a ,,lividalis4 ,a small] mo? ?an ! la/ specim5 describ$4 ,! =e-w+s are olive-br[n1 violet-grey t[>ds ! m>g9s4 ,! two col\rs are sep>at$ by an oblique :iti% l9e f ! apex to ! middle ( ! inn] m>g94 ,! h9d-w+s are grey1 %ad+ (f light] to ! base1 & are ve9$ ) br[n4 ,x is n an ,engli% species1 b is v commonly f\nd 9 ,t5]iffe1 on r\gh gr\nd1 among cactus1 c41 9 ! e>ly spr+1 at no great di/ance f ! coa/4 ,x inhabits ,s\? ,europe1 ,nor? ,africa1 & ,we/]n ,asia4 ,,omphacodes ,,div9cta4 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,fig4 #g4 ,a pretty little sea-gre5 mo? 7geometra7 f\nd 9 ,s\? ,africa1 b v r>ely met ) 9 ,t5]iffe4 ,x 0 nett$ 9 a r\gh place among cactus-plants 9 ,april at dusk1 ab\t #ejj feet above ! sea level4 ,x measures ab\t "o in* 9 expanse2 ! =e-w+s & upp] "p ( ! body are ( a beautiful bright sea-gre5 col\r :5 fir/ nett$1 b ! insect quickly fades4 ,! h9d-w+s are pal] gre51 & all f\r w+s are fr+$ ) :ite4 ,! ant5n are %ort & slightly fea!r$4 ,?is mo? _h n figur$ 9 any collection ( ,t5]iffe mo?s z f> z ! au?or c\ld asc]ta94 ,no obs]vations h be5 made on ! l>v & pup4 ,,aspilates ,,coll9>ia4 7,holt-,:ite47 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,fig4 #aj 7,female74 ,?is mo? is alli$ to ! ,aspilates ,gilv>ia1 b is probably an insect peculi> to ! ,can>ies4 ,x measures 9 expanse ab\t "o in*4 ,x is ( a pale buff-col\r1 ! female be+ ( a mu* int5s] %ade ?an ! male4 ,! h9d-w+s 9 bo? sexes are mu* light] 9 col\r ?an ! =e-w+s4 ,! =e-w+s ( ! female h a slate-blue n>r[ b& ( col\r1 ext5d+ f ne> ! apex to ! base ( ! upp] m>g91 =m+ a semicircle4 ,)9 ! semicircle1 & ne> ! upp] m>g91 is a small slate-blue dot4 ,! h9d-w+s h also a b& ( v>y+ wid? & ( ! same col\r ext5d+ across !m1 & a slate-blue dot is se5 ne> ! top ( ! upp] m>g9 above ! slate b&4 ,! male has simil> m>k+s1 b !y are mu* pal]1 & n ne>ly s well def9$4 ,! ant5n ( ! male are fea!r$1 ( m$ium l5g?2 ^? ( ! female are long] & f9]4 ,at fir/ sight ?is mo? might be deem$ a v>iety ( ,/]rha ,sacr>ia4 ,! female 0 tak5 at ,guim> ab\t #ajjj feet above ! sea4 ,sev]al male specim5s 7 tak5 ne> ,orotava1 at a some:at high] altitude4 ,?is mo?1 be+ unkn[n at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 has be5 nam$ z above by ! au?or4 ,,bryophila v>4 ,,ravula 7,hbn74 ,a small mo?1 ab\t "o in* 9 expanse1 ) a sl5d] body4 ,! =e-w+s are d>k br[n1 ) ! base1 tip1 & inn] m>g9 :iti%4 ,! c5tre ( ! w+s is suffus$ ) r$1 & two transv]se l9es ( d>k] col\r cross !m4 ,! l>va is blue ) a black l9e on ! back & a zigzag yell[i%-r$ /ripe on ! sides1 bord]$ bel[ ) black4 ,x fe$s on li*5s gr[+ on walls4 ,x is n a ,briti% species1 b is met ) 9 ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,,bryophila ,,alg 7,fabr474 ,?is is a small mo?1 ) ! same *>act]i/ics z to size & =m z ! la/ describ$4 ,! =e-w+s are gre51 v>i$ ) br[n & blacki% 9 ! position ( ! clavi=m /igma4 ,x has d>k transv]se l9es1 & ! h9d-w+s are br[ni% grey4 ,! l>va is blui%-grey1 ) a grey /ripe on ! back4 ,x fe$s on li*51 & inhabits ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,europe1 & ,we/]n ,asia1 b is a great r>ity 9 ,engl&4 ,,agrotis ,,sp9if]a 7,hbn74 ,?is is a mo? some:at l>g] ?an ! la/-describ$1 ) r a /\t body4 ,x is fawn-col\r1 ! abdom5 pale-br[n1 & ! m>g9 ( ! =e-w+s has sev]al black spots4 ,! h9d-w+s are :iti%4 ,x inhabits ,s\?-,we/]n ,europe1 b is n met ) 9 ,engl&4 ,,sesamia ,,nonagrioides 7,lef474 ,! body ( ?is mo? is /\t1 ! =e-w+s are ne>ly rectangul> at ! tips1 )\t any di/9ct patt]n4 ,! ant5n & tongue are %ort4 ,! =e-w+s are greyi%-yell[ ) a black discal spot1 & an out] r[ ( black dots4 ,! h9d-w+s are :ite4 ,x inhabits ,spa91 ,nor? ,africa1 & ,madeira1 b is n a ,briti% species4 ,! l>va lives on ! /alks ( maize1 corn1 & sug>-cane4 ,,acidalia ,,consolidata4 ,"o ( ! l>ge g5us ( ,acidalia1 a small & delicate mo?4 ,! w+s are yell[i%-:ite1 f9ely du/$ ) black4 ,! =e-w+s h five & ! h9d-w+s f\r br[ni% yell[ transv]se b&s4 ,x exp&s ab\t "o in*4 ,x is n a ,briti% species4 ,,zonosoma ,,pupill>ia 7,hbn74 ,a small mo?1 ) ! tips ( ! =e-w+s po9t$4 ,! w+s are greyi% yell[1 f9ely & indi/9ctly speckl$ ) purpli% br[n1 ) a small br[n c5tral spot c5tr$ ) :ite1 a r[ ( black dots beyond ! middle1 & (t5 a dull r$1 zigzag c5tral %ade also4 ,?is is a v v>iable species1 inhabit+ ,s4 ,europe1 ,w4 ,asia1 & ,n4 ,africa1 b is n an inhabitant ( ,engl&4 ,! l>va is v v>iable 9 col\r1 be+ dull gre51 br[n1 or r$di%4 ,x fe$s on ! ci/us1 arbutus1 myrtle1 etc4 ,,tephronia ,,sepi>ia 7,hufn74 ,a small mo?1 ) n>r[ =e-w+s1 exp&+ ab\t "o in*4 ,! =e-w+s are a%y-grey1 f9ely du/$ ) a d>k] %ade4 ,! h9d-w+s are pal]1 ) two d>k m>g9al b&s4 ,x is met ) 9 ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,europe1 b is v r>e 9 ,brita94 ,! l>va is br[ni% grey1 ) a pal] l9e & two r[s ( pale spots on ! back4 ,,eupi!cia ,,pumilata 7,hbn74 ,! =e-w+s are po9t$1 r$di% grey 9 col\r1 & bord]$ by a br[ni%-r$ b&4 ,! l>va is pale yell[i%-gre51 ) d>k gre5 or r$di%-violet l9es on ! back1 & a pal] l9e on its sides4 ,x fe$s on ! fl[]s ( a great v>iety ( plants1 su* z clematis1 broom1 convolvulus4 ,x is widely di/ribut$ 9 ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,europe & ,w4 ,asia1 b is n an inhabitant ( ,brita94 ,,li/ ,,( ,,mo?s ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,t5]iffe4 ,,"n ,,( ,,mo?4 ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,localities1 ,,etc4 ,sph+es4 99#a ,a*]ontia ,atropos ,engl& 7,dea?'s ,head74 #b ,sph9x ,convolvuli ,engl& 7,convolvulus ,hawk-mo?74 99#c ,deilephila ,ti?ymali ,peculi> to ! ,isl&s4 99#d ,*rocampa ,cel]io ,engl& 7,%>p-w+$ ,hawk-mo?74 #e ,macroglossa ,/ellat>um ,engl& 7,humm+-bird ,hawk-mo?74 ,bombyces4 99#f ,deiopeia ,pul*ella ,european4 ,engl&2 r>e4 99#g ,rhyp>ioides ,rufesc5s ,peculi> to ! ,isl&s4 99#h ,dasy*ira ,=tunata ,peculi> to ! ,isl&s4 ,noctu4 #i ,bryophila ,ravula ,n 9 ,engl&4 #aj ,bryophila ,algae ,engl&2 r>e4 #aa ,sesamia ,nonagrioides ,spa91 ,n4 ,africa1 ,madeira4 #ab ,triphna ,pronuba ,engl& 7,common ,yell[ ,"u-w+74 #ac ,agrotis ,sp9if]a ,n 9 ,engl&2 ,s4,w4 ,europe4 #ad ,p]idroma ,saucia ,n 9 ,engl&2 ,european4 #ae ,ommato/ola ,sac*>i ,n ,european4 #af ,prod5ia ,littoralis ,n 9 ,engl&2 ,s4 ,asia & ,madagasc>4 #ag ,calocampa ,exoleta ,engl& 7,sword-grass mo?74 #ah ,helio?is ,armig]a ,engl&2 r>e 7cannibal74 #ai ,helio?is ,dipsacea ,engl&4 #bj ,heliaca ,t5ebrata ,engl& 7,small ,yell[ ,"u-w+74 #ba ,plusia ,circumflexa ,n 9 ,engl&2 ,s4 ,europe4 #bb ,plusia ,eriosoma ,n 9 ,engl&2 ,india4 99#bc ,plusia ,aurif]a ,peculi> to ! ,isl&s4 #bd ,plusia ,trip>tita ,engl& 7,spectacle ,mo?47 99#be ,t>a*e ,lucida ,engl&1 r>e2 ,s4 ,europe4 99#bf ,pseudophia ,tirhaca ,n 9 ,engl&2 ,s4 ,europe1 ,n4 ,africa4 #bg ,hyp5a ,lividalis ,n 9 ,engl&2 ,s4 ,europe1 ,n4 ,africa4 #bh ,hyp5a ,obsitalis ,n 9 ,engl&2 ,s4 ,europe1 ,n4 ,africa4 ,geometrid4 99#bi ,aspilates ,coll9>ia ,probably peculi> to ! ,isl&s4 #cj ,/]rha ,sacr>ia ,engl&2 ,s4 ,europe1 ,africa1 & ,s4 ,asia4 99#ca ,omphacodes ,div9cta ,n 9 ,engl&2 ,s\? ,africa4 #cb ,acidalia ,consolidata ,n 9 ,engl&2 ,europe4 #cc ,zonosoma ,pupill>ia ,s4 ,europe1 ,w4 ,asia1 & ,n4 ,africa4 #cd ,tephronia ,sepi>ia ,engl& 7r>e72 ,european4 #ce ,eupi!cia ,pumilata v>4 ,tempe/ivata ,european4 ,micro-,lepidopt]a4 #cf ,botys ,v]bascalis ,engl&4 #cg ,botys ,polygonalis ,engl&4 #ch ,botys ,as9alis ,engl&4 #ci ,asopia ,f>9alis 7d>k =m7 ,engl&4 #dj ,c5tra ,/reg>ia 7,woll47 or ,coremia ,cid>ia 7,/aud7 ,probably peculi> to ! ,isl&s4 #da ,calymnia ,e]rug9ea 7,woll47 ,probably peculi> to ! ,isl&s4 99 ,m>k$ ?us are illu/rat$4 ,9 addition to ! specim5s above describ$1 a li/ ( tw5ty-"o m names ( ,t5]iffe mo?s is app5d$1 :i* h be5 writt5 ^u by ,s4 ,alph]aky 9 ! memoirs ( ,n4 ,m4 ,roman(f1 vol4 v41 #ahhi4 ,sev]al ( ! insects 9 ?is li/ 7 collect$ by ! au?or1 b z !y 7 mo/ly v small br[n or grey mo?s1 & ( b little int]e/ to ! ord9>y collector1 a description ( !m has be5 omitt$4 ,! difficulty ( id5tification )\t illu/ration also precludes _! ins]tion 9 a "w ( ! pres5t "*4 ,,alph]aky4 #a ,plusia ,*risit9a #ab ,crambus ,t]sellus #b ,cosmophila ,erosa #ac ,cryptoblabes ,gnidiella #c ,acidalia ,guan*>ia #ad ,ephatia ,ficulella #d ,scop>ia ,sudetica #ae ,ucetia ,transv]sella #e ,hellula ,undalis #af ,ephe/ia ,callidella #f ,aporodes ,floralis #ag ,ephe/ia ,elutella #g ,botys ,aurata #ah ,plodia ,int]punctella #h ,botys ,m]idionalis #ai ,setomorpha ,bogotatella #i ,botys ,f]rugalis #bj ,li?a ,solanella #aj ,botys ,dorcalis #ba ,pt]ophorus ,monodactylus #aa ,dupon*elia ,fovealis ,,app5dix ,a4 ,mr4 ,scott ,wilson1 writ+ to ! au?or ( 8 visit to ! ,isle ( ,palma1 /ates t ! ,que5 ( ,spa9 ,fritill>y 7,argynnis ,la?onia7 is v common 9 ! mead[s ne> ! t[n ( ,el ,paso1 #bjjj feet above ! sea level 9 ,may4 ,9 ! same mon? he notic$ ! cl\d$ yell[ 7,colias ,edusa7 9 l>ge numb]s 9 ! cle>+s among/ ! p9e-woods4 ,a few specim5s ( ! l>ge ,fritill>y 7,argynnis ,maia7 7 secur$ by him at ,el ,paso e>ly 9 ,may1 :]e ! ,vulcania 0 also f\nd2 ( ^! latt] specim5s only two out ( "o hundr$ prov$ to be ( ! ,briti% =m ,atalanta4 ,! ,ba?-:ite 7,pi]is ,daplidice7 0 common ne> ,argual4 ,! ,danais ,*rysippus appe>$ r uncommon1 only a few specim5s be+ tak5 ne> ! b>ranco ,del ,c>m51 n f> f ! t[n ( ,santa ,cruz1 & a few ne> ,tij>afe4 ,specim5s ( ! small blue 7,lyca5a ,webbiana7 7 tak5 ne> ,argual4 ,9 ! middle ( ,may ! l>ge :ite 7,pi]is ,*eiran?i7 0 commonly f\nd on ! l>ge laurel-trees at ,la ,galga4 ,! au?or believes t ! same species ( ,lepidopt]a are g5]ally di/ribut$ ov] all ! sev5 isl&s1 b t 9 ,fu]tev5tura & ,lanz>ote1 bo? ( :i* are dry1 s&y1 & some:at b>r5 isl&s1 !y are n f\nd 9 su* numb]s or v>iety4 ,x is probable t diff]5t species ( small ,african mo?s1 "s ( :i* are enum]at$ on pages #ic-d1 may be f\nd 9 ,lanz>ote1 :i* is ! ne>e/ isl& to ! coa/ ( ,africa1 & :i* m closely resembles x 9 climate & vegetation1 9 great] numb]s ?an 9 ,t5]iffe4 ,! ,euphorbia1 :i* gr[s s pl5tifully 9 mo/ ( ! isl&s1 is uncommon 9 ,lanz>ote2 h5ce ! ,d4 ,ti?ymali1 abundant 9 ,t5]iffe1 w\ld be sc>ce 9 ?is isl&4 ,! lack ( wat] 9 ,fu]tev5tura1 & consequ5t sp>se vegetation1 is d\btless ! cause ( ! sc>city ( ,lepidopt]a 9 t isl&1 ?\gh ! int]e/+ occurr5ce ( ! insect 8,eu*le ,*>lonia10 a ,nor? & ,we/ ,african butt]fly 7:i* has only once be5 record$ z hav+ be5 obs]v$ 9 ,t5]iffe71 is acc\nt$ = by ! proximity ( ! isl& 9 "q to ! ,african ma9l&4 ,?is species probably occurs 9 ,lanz>ote1 = ! same reason2 x w d\btless become disp]s$ ov] ! rema9+ isl&s 9 "t4 ,,app5dix ,b4 ,"u date ,july1 #ahic1 ! ,rev4 ,o4 ,e4 ,b5?all writes3-- 8,z to ! #8blue'7,webbiana71 ,i f\nd x 9 abundance at ,guim> ab\t half a mile f ! coa/1 :]e ! b>rancos %all[ d[n be=e runn+ into ! sea4 8,mo/ ( ! specim5s 7 r wa/$1 s ,i suppose ! be/ "t = !m w\ld be a =tnight e>li] ?an :5 we w5t !re 7,april740 ,,app5dix ,c4 ,sev]al ( ! ,t5]iffe mo?s1 al?\gh simil> to ,engli% & ,european species1 assume r a d>k] insul> =m4 ,! ,triphna ,pronuba1 ,calocampa ,exoleta & ,asopia ,f>9alis are examples ( ?is4 ,! ,/]rha ,sacr>ia is also met ) m>k$ ) a mu* bright] r$ ?an 9 ord9>y specim5s1 & %[+ great div]sity 9 %ade ( col\r1 f r$ to almo/ yell[4 ,anyone wi%+ to acquire m k on ?is subject %\ld ref] to 8,obs]vations on "s rem>kable ,v>ieties ( ,/]rha ,sacr>ia1 ) g5]al notes on ,v>iation 9 ,lepidopt]a1 by ,r4 ,m4 ,mc,lachlan1 ,f4,l4,s40 ,transactions ( ! ,entomological ,society ( ,london1 ,s]4 #c1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #dec-dfh1 pl4 #bc4 ,^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ! subject1 & h suffici5t "t & pati5ce1 w\ld probably be well repaid = _! tr\ble by ! result ( exp]im5ts 9 select+ & bre$+ toge!r insects ( ! same species :i* exhibit any slight deviation 9 _! m>k+s & col\r4 ,?us 9 re>+ a numb] ( ! ,pyrameis ,callirhoe sev]al specim5s h be5 obs]v$ to em]ge f ! *rysalis /ate ) bright yell[ in/ead ( r$ m>k+s on ! m>g9s ( ! h9d-w+s4 ,! :ite m>k+s on ! upp] w+s also v>i$ some:at4 ,! ,pyrameis family w\ld possibly l5d itself freely to ! production ( new v>ieties4 ,! ,danais ,*rysippus is ano!r species ( butt]fly :i* pres5ts itself = exp]im5t4 ,by select+ ! light] h9d-w+ v>iety1 ,alcippoides1 = bre$+1 p]haps ! ,alcippus1 :i* hi!rto has n be5 f\nd 9 ,t5]iffe1 might be produc$4 ,among ! small] butt]flies1 ! ,*rysophanus ,phlz1 & ! ,a/r>*e v>4 ,ae/iva h bo? %[n deviation 9 col\r & m>k+s1 b ^! are mu* small]1 & consequ5tly m difficult to re>4 ,moreov]1 !y w\ld n l5d su* an int]e/ to ! subject z ! l>g] specim5s4 ,9 ! mo?s1 ! ,deilephila ,ti?ymali cat]pill>s1 if f$ on a species ( milk-wort1 ev9ce a slight v>iety 9 col\r+ & size ( mo?s z comp>$ ) ^? f$ on ,euphorbia4 ,!y mu/1 h[ev]1 be f$ on ! plant f ! e>lie/ /age1 z !y only ?rive on ! food to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$ f ! fir/4 ,"s ( ! e>lie/ specim5s are occasionally f\nd on ! milk-wort1 ! eggs hav+ be5 deposit$ !reon4 ,^? f\nd 9 ,janu>y are m likely to ?rive on ?is food ?an ^? met ) lat] on1 z ! ,euphorbia1 on :i* !y g5]ally fe$1 is n 9 its prime till ! e>ly spr+4 ,great c>e1 pati5ce1 & "t are requir$ = ^! mo/ int]e/+ exp]im5ts1 b ! natural advantages ( ! climate ( ,t5]iffe w\ld greatly facilitate any ef=ts made1 z ! v>iation 9 temp]ature is s slight1 & consequ5tly ! bre$+ process c be c>ri$ on ne>ly all ! ye> r\nd4 ,exp]im5ts ( ?is nature1 :i* might pleasantly be made by ^? ) :om "t might o!rwise pass sl[ly 9 ,t5]iffe1 w\ld probably prove ( di/9ct value to /ud5ts ( ,biology4 ,,app5dix ,d4 ,! 8,deilephila ,daucus10 alli$ to 8,l9eata10 a ,nor? ,am]ican species1 is said to occur 9 ,t5]iffe1 b ! au?or has n se5 a specim54 ,if su* a species is really f\nd 9 ! isl&1 x is m probably ,d4 ,livornica1 :i* is common 9 ,s\? ,europe & ?r\gh\t ,africa1 & is f\nd 9 ,madeira4 ,ei!r ( ! above species may be di/+ui%$ f ,d4 ,ti?ymali by ! :ite l9es on ! w+s1 b ,d4 ,livornica has only f\r longitud9al :ite /ripes on ! ?orax1 :]eas ,d4 ,daucus has six4 ,d4 ,livornica is a r>ity 9 ,engl&1 b is f\nd ?r\gh\t all ! w>m] p>ts ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,,alphabetical ,,index ,,( ,,g5]a ,,& ,,species4 ,! specific names1 includ+ v>ieties1 are pr9t$ 9 italics4 ,a*]ontia1 #fd ,acidalia1 #ij ,acton1 #fj /iva1 #da g]ia1 #eg ,agrotis1 #hi ,alcippoides1 #dh ,alcippus1 #dh ,alg1 #hi ,aporia1 #cd ,aporodes1 #ie ,ar*ippus1 #dd ,argynnis1 #di ,armig]a1 #ha ,as9alis1 #id ,asopia1 #id ,aspilates1 #hg ,a/r>*e1 #da ,atalanta1 #eb ,atropos1 #fd ,aurata1 #ie ,aurif]a1 #gh ,btica1 #ch ,batat1 #fe ,bogotatella1 #ie ,botys1 #id ,bryophila1 #hh ,callidella1 #ie ,callirhoe1 #ed ,calocampa1 #gf ,calymnia1 #id ,c>dui1 #ed ,cel]io1 #fi ,c5tra1 #id ,*>lonia1 #cc ,*eiran?i1 #bi ,*rocampa1 #fi ,*rysippus1 #df ,*rysitis1 #gh ,*rysit9a1 #gh ,*rysophanus1 #db ,circumflexa1 #gi ,cleobule1 #ce ,colias1 #cf ,coll9>ia1 #hg ,consolidata1 #ij ,convolvuli1 #fe ,cosmophila1 #ie ,crambus1 #ie ,cratgi1 #cd ,cryptoblabes1 #ie ,danais1 #dd ,daplidice1 #cb ,dasy*ira1 #gc ,daucus1 #ajd ,deilephila1 #fg ,deiopeia1 #gd ,dipsacea1 #ha ,div9cta1 #hf ,dorcalis1 #ie ,dorippus1 #di ,dupon*elia1 #ie ,edusa1 #cf ,elutella1 #ie ,ephatia1 #ie ,ephe/ia1 #ie ,ep9ephele1 #eh ,eriosoma1 #hj ,erosa1 #ie ,eu*le1 #cc ,eupi!cia1 #ib ,exoleta1 #gf ,f>9alis1 #id ,f]rugalis1 #ie ,f]rug9ea1 #id ,ficulella1 #ie ,floralis1 #ie ,=tunata1 #eh1 #gc ,fovealis1 #ie ,fritill>y1 #di ,gamma1 #gi ,gilv>ia1 #hg ,gnidiella1 #ie ,guan*>ia1 #ie ,helice1 #cg ,heliaca1 #id ,helio?is1 #ha ,hellula1 #ie ,hesp]ia1 #fj ,hipp>*ia1 #fj ,hispulla1 #eh ,hunt]a1 #ef ,hyp5a1 #he ,int]punctella1 #ie ,janira1 #eh ,klugii1 #di ,la?onia1 #ea ,li?a1 #ie ,littoralis1 #hb ,lividalis1 #hf ,livornica1 #ajd ,lucida1 #hc ,lyca5a1 #ch ,lysimon1 #dj ,macroglossa1 #gj ,maia1 #di ,m]idionalis1 #ie ,monodactylus1 #ie ,nonagrioides1 #ij ,obsitalis1 #he ,ommato/ola1 #he ,omphacodes1 #hf ,p&ora1 #di ,p>>ge1 #eg ,p]idroma1 #hc ,phlz1 #db ,pi]is1 #bi ,plexippus1 #dd ,plodia1 #ie ,plusia1 #gh ,polygonalis1 #id ,polyommatus1 #db ,prod5ia1 #hb ,pronuba1 #gg ,pseudophia1 #ge ,pt]ophorus1 #ie ,pul*ella1 #gd ,pumilata1 #ib ,pupill>ia1 #ia ,pyrameis1 #eb ,rap1 #ca ,ravula1 #hh ,rhodoc]a1 #ce ,rubi1 #dc ,rufesc5s1 #ga ,rhyp>ioides1 #ga ,sac*>i1 #he ,sacr>ia1 #hd ,saucia1 #hc ,scop>ia1 #ie ,sepi>ia1 #ia ,sesamia1 #ij ,setomorpha1 #ie ,solanella1 #ie ,sph9x1 #fe ,sp9if]a1 #hi ,/atil9us1 #fj ,/]rha1 #hd ,/reg>ia1 #id ,sudetica1 #ie ,t>a*e1 #hc ,tempe/ivata1 #id ,t5ebrata1 #id ,tephronia1 #ia ,t]sellus1 #ie ,!cla1 #dc ,tirhaca1 #ge ,tirrha1 #ge ,ti?ymali1 #fg ,transv]sella1 #ie ,trip>tita1 #gi ,triphna1 #gg ,ucetia1 #ie ,undalis1 #ie ,urtic1 #gi ,vanessa1 #bj ,v]bascalis1 #id ,vulcania1 #ed ,webbiana1 #ci ,wolla/oni1 #cj ,xiphioides1 #eg ,zonosoma1 #ia ,,description ,,( ,,plates4 ,,plate ,i4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,pi]is ,wolla/oni4 #b4 ,pi]is ,*eiran?i 7"u side74 #c4 ,rhodoc]a ,cleobule4 #d4 ,eu*lo ,*>lonia4 #e4 ,colias ,edusa 7female74 #f4 ,colias v>4 ,helice4 #g4 ,lycna ,webbiana 7upp] side74 #h4 ,lycna ,webbiana 7"u side74 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,danais ,plexippus4 #b4 ,danais ,*rysippus4 #c4 ,danais ,alcippoides4 #d4 ,pyrameis ,hunt]a4 #e4 ,pyrameis ,c>dui4 #f4 ,lycna ,a/r>*e v>4 ,ae/iva4 #g4 ,hipp>*ia ,/atil9us4 #h4 ,hesp]ia ,acton4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,argynnis ,maia or ,p&ora 7upp] side74 #b4 ,argynnis ,maia or ,p&ora 7"u side74 #c4 ,argynnis ,la?onia 7upp] side74 #d4 ,argynnis ,la?onia 7"u side74 #e4 ,p>>ge ,xiphioides4 #f4 ,pyrameis ,vulcania or ,callirhoe4 #g4 ,pyrameis ,atalanta4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,a*]ontia ,atropos4 #b4 ,*rocampa ,cel]io4 #c4 ,pseudophia ,tirhaca4 #d4 ,deilephila ,ti?ymali4 #e4 ,rhyp>ioides ,rufese5s4 #f4 ,plusia ,aurif]a4 #g4 ,omphacodes ,div9cta4 #h4 ,t>a*e ,lucida4 #i4 ,deiopeia ,pul*ella4 #aj4 ,aspilates ,coll9>ia4 #aa4 ,dasy*ira ,=tunata4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #a4 ,a4 ,e4 ,holt-,:ite1 del4 ,r4 ,morgan li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,day ,son ,imp4 ,l4 ,reeve ,co4 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #b4 ,a4 ,e4 ,holt-,:ite1 del4 ,r4 ,morgan li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,day ,son ,imp4 ,l4 ,reeve ,co4 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #c4 ,a4 ,e4 ,holt-,:ite1 del4 ,r4 ,morgan li?4 ,l4 ,reeve ,co4 ,london4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,day ,son ,imp4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #d4 ,a4 ,e4 ,holt-,:ite1 del1 ,r4 ,morgan li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,day ,son ,imp4 ,l4 ,reeve ,co4 ,london4