,,! ,,sup]natural ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,spani% ,,lit]ature ,,/udi$ ,,9 ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,alfonso ,x1 ,,el ,,sabio ,by ,,frank ,,callcott1 ,ph4 ,d4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,romance ,languages ,columbia ,univ]sity ,illu/ration ,,in/ituto ,,de ,,las ,,espa,,z en los ,,e/ados ,,unidos ,,new ,,york #aibc ,es propi$ad4 ,d]e*os res]vados p>a todos los pases4 ,copyright1 #aibc1 by ! ,in/ituto de las ,espaz4 ,to ,,my ,,p>5ts ,,preface ,x has be5 ! aim ( ! au?or 9 ! foll[+ /udy to collect1 classify1 & analyze ! v>i\s ref]5ces made 9 ! works ( ,alfonso ,x1 el ,sabio1 to ! beliefs & sup]/itions1 ( ! ,spani>d ( t day1 ) ref]5ce to ! sup]natural4 ,x is hop$ t x w be possible 9 ?is way to rea* a bett] und]/&+ ( ! attitude ( ! ,spani% p t[>d ! sup]natural 9 g5]al & ?us to acquire a m complete appreciation ( t e>ly p]iod ( ! nation's life4 ,no attempt has be5 made "h to trace ! orig9s ( ^! e>ly ,spani% traditions 7_m ( :i* 7 common ?ru\t ,europe dur+ ! ,middle ,ages71 & ! comp>ison ( :at has be5 f\nd ) ! sup]natural 9 ! e>ly lit]ature ( o!r ,european c\ntries has be5 left = a lat] /udy4 ,! works ( ,alfonso el ,sabio h be5 *os5 because1 to a l>ge ext5t1 !y repres5t n only _! own p]iod b all t _h gone be=e !m1 z record$ n only 9 ,ca/illian b 9 ,lat9 & to a great] or less degree 9 ,arabic & ,hebrew also4 ,alfonso ga!r$ to 8 c\rt a select gr\p ( s*ol>s v]s$ 9 ^! languages2 & "u 8 direction !y produc$ or collect$ a repres5tative libr>y ( works deal+ ) _! respective subjects4 ,x is ! accessible books ( ?is collection t h furni%$ ! mat]ial = ! pres5t /udy4 ,! au?or wi%es to express s9c]e ?anks to ,pr(essor ,f$]ico de ,ons ( ,columbia ,univ]sity = sympa!tic enc\ragem5t & valuable sugge/ions ?ru\t ! entire p]iod ( /udy2 to ,pr(essor ,antonio ,g4 ,solal9de1 ( ! ,c5tro de ,e/udios ,hi/ricos1 ,madrid1 = helpful sugge/ions & criticism ( ! manuscript z well z = ! privilege ( consult+ ! pro(-%eets ( ! ,antologa de ,alfonso ,x1 el ,sabio1 :i* has rec5tly issu$ f ! press2 to ,pr(essor ,raymond ,weeks1 ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 = 8 sympa!tic int]pretation ( ! ,middle ,ages & = actually introduc+ ! writ] to ! true _s ( t p]iod2 to 8 wife1 ?ru ^: timely assi/ance solely x has be5 possible to complete ! /udy )\t undue delay2 & especially to ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,alfr$ ,todd1 ( ,columbia1 = 8 pa9/ak+ aid & exp]t criticism :ile ?is "w 0 tak+ =m & be+ put ?ru ! press4 ,f4 ,c4 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,janu>y1 #aibc4 ,,introductory ,! human m9d is always int]e/$ 9 ^? ?+s t x c n und]/&2 z soon1 h[ev]1 z ! problem has be5 solv$ x is no long] an absorb+ subject ( att5tion4 ,:5 a sleight-(-h& feat has be5 expla9$ we turn ) r5ew$ ze/ to some?+ else & revive our =m] int]e/ only to my/ify or amuse "s fri5d4 ,! unsolv$ problem1 on ! o!r h&1 w grip our undivid$ int]e/ = an indef9ite l5g? ( "t2 our m9ds w rev]t cont9ually to ! unelucidat$ trick ( leg]dema9 until we le>n h[ x 0 accompli%$4 ,& s we might cont9ue our illu/rations ?ru ! :ole range ( human k4 ,fur!rmore1 we are n cont5t to limit our curiosity to ! compreh5sion ( :at o!rs h und]/ood be=e u1 b pu% our way 9 que/ ( ! answ] to ! et]nal & ev] haunt+ h[8 & :y8 ,we climb ! m\nta9s1 we cr\* b5ea? a %elt] :ile ! /orm beats1 we gaze into space on a />light night1 & ^! compell+ qu]ies become ev] m insi/5t4 ,?is elem5t ( inexhau/ible curiosity is1 & has be5 z f> back z ! exi/5ce ( society c be trac$1 pres5t 9 all human nature2 ! lead]s ( mank9d h n be5 sl[ to utilize x = ! atta9m5t ( _! own l(ty or ignoble aims4 ,! w>rior has employ$ x to inspire 8 soldi]s2 ! prie/ to exalt 8 foll[]s2 ! m9/rel to entrance 8 auditors4 ,9 ! introduction to h] ,columbia doctorial diss]tation1 ,! ,sup]natural 9 ,mod]n ,engli% ,fiction1#a ,dr4 ,doro?y ,sc>bor\gh has discuss$ 9 a v engag+ mann] ! inh]5t ne$ ( ! sup]natural 9 fiction4 ,9 real life z well x plays a highly important "p4 ,x is a demon/rat$ fact t :5 a man faces a supreme crisis--:5 face to face ) dea?--n only w he turn in/9ctively to ! sup]natural p[]s 9 t mom5t b all t is extrane\s to 8 real self w disappe> & ! true man w /& =? reveal$4 ,:at is true ( ! individual 9 ?is respect applies also to ! race4 ,x is 9 recognition ( ?is univ]sal tru? t ! foll[+ /udy has be5 und]tak51 9 ! hope t a c>eful exam9ation ( ! sup]natural aspect ( ! beliefs & practices ( ,spa9 z reflect$ 9 ! lit]ature ( a giv5 p]iod w contribute to a bett] und]/&+ ( ! que/ions involv$4 ,naturally !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! me?od ( ?9k+ ( ! av]age p]son 9 ! ,middle ,ages & t ( ! av]age p]son ( to-day4 ,9 ! #bj? c5tury e peculi> or rem>kable ph5om5on ( nature is subject$ to ! scrut9y ( sci5tific /udy1 :ile ) ! m$ieval man x 0 accept$ at its face value z be+ ! manife/ation ( unse5 p[]s1 ( gods or ( devils4 ,x w\ld seem t consci\sly or o!rwise !y attempt$ to make ev]y?+ appe> sup]natural :e!r !y c\ld expla9 x or n4 ,we ( today dem& t ! ,god ( ! univ]se %\ld "w ?ru well def9$ natural laws2 !y1 on ! o!r h&1 expect$ t 8el milagro sea contra natura04#b ,x is true nev]!less t ! 8call0 ( ! sup]natural 9 "o =m or ano!r has cont9u$ to ex]t a p[]ful influ5ce ev5 d[n to our own "t4 ,"s ( its =ms ( manife/ation may h *ang$1 b ! belief is almo/ ev]y:]e pres5t4 ,in/ead ( =eca/+ ! future by ,a/rology _m today seek aid 9 ! sance2 miracul\s cures are /ill be+ s\ght = z ( old n only 9 _m cases abroad b also 9 communities ne>] home--ev5 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 dur+ ! ,nov5a ( ,/4 ,ann2 :ile only rec5tly x 0 report$ 9 ! daily press t a "y girl 9 a conv5t on ! banks ( ! ,hudson %[$ ! m>ks ( ! /igmata s prom95tly associat$ ) ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi4 ,be=e ent]+ ^u ! /udy prop] ( ! e>ly ,spani% p]iod x w be well to review rapidly "s ( ! important facts 9 ! 8sup]natural0 hi/ory ( ! ,ib]ians s9ce ! "t :5 ! ,go?s invad$ ,spa94#c ,:5 !y came !y br\ght ) !m _! songs & leg5ds1 :i* 7 peculi>ly ,g]manic4 ,! writ] ,jordanes1 ab\t ! middle ( ! #f? c5tury1 /ates t /ories ( sunk5 cities1 subt]ranean voices1 etc41 7 common 9 ! region ( ! ,vi/ula1 ! riv] :i* sep>at$ ,scy?ia f ,g]many4#d ,b we f9d no trace ( ?is 9 ! e>ly ,spani% lit]ature ow+ to ! fact t :5 ! ,go?s conqu]$ ! ,ib]ians !y did n bl5d readily ) ! p ( ! newly acquir$ t]ritory4 ,nor did !y1 z ! ,romans _h done1 enc\rage ! vanqui%$ to cont9ue _! e/abli%$ cu/oms & religion giv+ to _! own traditions an opportunity1 ?ru fri5dly int]c\rse1 to become adopt$ by _! new subjects4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 _! ef=t to make assimilation /ill m impossible !y =bade int]m>riage4 ,! result ( ?is 01 to use ! words ( ,amador de los ,ros1 t 8,la ,iglesia1 que durante el ,imp]io visigodo procur de/]r> del pueblo catlico las reprobadas prcticas del g5tilismo1 limpindole al propio tiempo de las torpes inmundas ab]raciones que le arra/raban los magos1 encantadores1 sortlegos y adiv9os que plagaban la nacin espaola1 vise =zada cond5> una y otra vez tamaos abusos1 trasmitidos de edad en edad1 con el auxilio de los cantos popul>es40#e ,x seems1 h[ev]1 t 9 ?is /ruggle ! ,*ur* 0 n always successful4 ,(t5 ! result 0 a compromise 9 :i* ! pagan cu/oms 7 remodel$ & made to con=m to ! requirem5ts ( ! ,*ur* in/ead ( be+ completely aboli%$4 ,= in/ance1 accord+ to ,j4 ,a4 ,mac,culloch1 ! anci5t ,celtic w>riors us$ to advance danc+ & s++ to ! fray2#f & 4 ,philipon says3 8,lorsqu' ils m>*ai5t au combat1 les gu]ri]s ibres entonnai5t ple9e voix leur *ants nationaux1 leur pans1 comme disai5t les ,roma9s40#g ,9 ! e>ly ,middle ,ages ?is cu/om ( ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,spa9 /ill cont9u$ "u ! ,*ri/ian dom9ation2 & into ^! w> cries & songs _h sl[ly crept ! names ( ! ,*ri/ian ,deity & ( ! ,*ri/ian sa9ts4 ,?is habit ( consci\sly direct+ ! m9ds ( ! soldi]s to ?+s spiritual 9 su* a mom5t may h be5 an important factor 9 ! developm5t ( ! num]\s leg5ds ( visions se5 by soldi]s dur+ battle4#h ,"o w\ld naturally expect to enc\nt] a m>k$ ,arabic influ5ce 9 ! e>ly monum5ts ( ! language1 consid]+ ! fact t ! ,moslems ) all _! weal? ( magic & o!r arts peculi> to ! ,ea/1 ent]$ ,spa9 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! #h? c5tury1 b ?is is n ! case4 ,:5 ! ,moslems ent]$ ,spa9 ^? :o 7 able retreat$ be=e !m1 b a l>ge "p ( ! population1 unable to d ?is1 rema9$ "u ,mohamm$an rule4 ,^! mozrabes1 z ! conqu]$ ,*ri/ians 7 call$1 /ruggl$ bravely to keep !mselves & _! *ildr5 free f ! h]esies ( _! conqu]ors & = "s "t 7 successful1 b by ! #i? c5tury ! ,mohamm$ans 7 rapidly in/ill+ _! tea*+s into _! captives4#i ,a reaction aga9/ ?is began "u ,abd]rahman ,,ii4 ,! ,*ri/ians1 becom+ obsess$ ) a desire to be m>tyrs1 began ra%ly to expose !mselves ev]y:]e4 ,s s]i\s did ?is movem5t become t 9 #heb ,abd]rahman con/ra9$ ! bi%ops to call a c\ncil1 presid$ ov] by ,recafr$o1 in/ruct+ !m to condemn ?is zeal = m>tyrdom1 :i* !y did1 b only 9 a half-he>t$ mann]4 ,?is movem5t 0 ! la/ s]i\s attempt on ! "p ( ! mozrabes to rebel aga9/ ! tea*+s ( ! ,moors4 ,f ?is "t on !y 7 rapidly m]g$ into ! nation ( ! conqu]ors & x is a "q :e!r any ( !m rema9$ true to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* at ! "t ,spa9 0 reclaim$ by ! ,*ri/ians1 all ( :i* expla9s ! lack ( a v noticeable ,arabic influ5ce 9 ! e>ly ,ca/illian writ+s4 ,we h !re=e 7at ! "t ! e>ly ,ca/illian lit]ature began to appe>7 a nation f :i* ! cl]gy _h attempt$ to remove ev]y?+ t c\ld n be remodel$ to con=m to _! int]pretation ( ,*ri/ian ,scriptures--an endeavor 9 :i* !y _h be5 signally successful4 ,at ?is "t1 s f> z ! v]nacul> 0 conc]n$1 !re _h be5 little influ5ce f ! outside _w 7s9ce ! "t ( ! ,go?ic invasion7 o!r ?an t :i* _h be5 import$ f ,rome4 ,b ?is isolation 0 n to la/ long4 ,:5 ! ,*ri/ians reconqu]$ ! cities f ! ,moors !y made a practice ( kill+ ! m5 b ( enslav+ ! wom5 & *ildr54#aj ,^! wom5 z nurses naturally told ! *ildr5 9 _! c>e ! /ories ( _! p4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ,pas*al ,,ii1 ,pope f #ajii-aaah1 issu$ a bull decl>+ sacr$ ! w> 9 ,spa9 aga9/ ! ,moors z well z t 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,?is gradually br\ght into ,spa9 ,*ri/ian knights f all ,europe ) _! traditions4 ,likewise1 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! #ab? c5tury a s*ool ( cl]ical writ]s appe>$ 9 ,spa9 :o s\ght to w9 ! favor ( ! p ?ru mak+ _! v]sions ( ! traditions ( ! ,*ur* m attractive by mix+ freely sacr$ hi/ory & pr(ane4 ,!y s\ght inspiration 9 ! ,moori% & ! ,classic traditions2 !y confus$ ! leg5ds ( ! pa/ by transf]r+ to !m ! cu/oms ( _! own day4#aa ,x 0 !y :o s\ght out ! my/]i\s leg5ds ( ! ,ea/ common among ! ,moors :o liv$ 9 ! ,s\?1 incorporat+ !m into _! s]mons & poems & m+l+ !m ) ! ,*ri/ian my?ology4 ,all ?is prep>$ ! way = ! great effloresc5ce ( ! sup]natural :i* began ) ,alfonso ,x & cont9u$ 9 full sway until ! #ag? c5tury4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,alfonso ,,el ,,sabio ,,z ,,k+ ,,& ,,s*ol> ,alfonso ,x is "o ( ^? un=tunate m5 :o h be5--sometimes unconsci\sly b 9 _m cases purposely--malign$ 9 hi/ory4 ,! ,libro de las ,qu]ellas1 7a #ag? c5tury "w until rec5tly attribut$ to ,alfonso72 ! dictum ( ,m>iana1 8,dumque coelum consid]at obs]vatque a/ra1 t]ram amisit02 & ! popul> v]se f ! romances 8,de tanto mir> al cielo se le cay la corona0 :i* inspir$ ,m>qu9a's poem on t !me1 all express ! exagg]at$ & p]v]t$ idea :i* 0 g5]ally preval5t conc]n+ ?is mon>*4 ,^? :o knew 8 works ( sci5ce1 especially ( a/ronomy1 7 amaz$ at ! weal? ( k display$ !re91 & ?is1 toge!r ) ! fact t 8 la/ ye>s 7 tak5 up ) rebellions on ! "p n only ( 8 vassals b ev5 ( 8 own sons1 seem to h be5 en\gh to create ! impression j m5tion$4 ,rec5t criticism has also br\ght to light ! fact t ! almo/ blasphem\s quotation s long attribut$ to ?is k+1 8,si ,dios me hubi]a consultado1 habra he*o el mundo de otra man]a10 is n 8 at all1 b r 0 inv5t$ lat] 9 ,catalonia by a c]ta9 k+ ,p$ro ,,iv1 or p]haps by 8 *ronicl] ,b]nat ,descoll4 ,"s h attribut$ x to ,f]n&o ,,iv4#ab ,al?o ^! conceptions may conta9 "s modicum ( tru?1 !y are only a "p ( ! tru?4 ,alfonso took an active "p 9 ! politics ( 8 day & ! surpris+ ?+ is t amid all ! /rife & tr\ble t surr\nd$ him he f\nd any "t at all to give to lit]>y production4 ,alfonso 0 born on ,novemb] #bc1 #abba1 accord+ to ! f9d+s ( 8 biograph]1 ! ,m>qus de ,mondj>#ac 7^: d$uctions h be5 confirm$ by docum5ts discov]$ lat]7 & 0 nam$ = 8 gr&fa!r ,alfonso ,,ix ( ,leon & 8 great-gr&fa!r ,alfonso ,,viii ( ,ca/ile4 ,practically no?+ is kn[n ( 8 e>ly *ildhood except t he 0 associat$ ) c]ta9 ( ! nobility1 viz41 ,g>ca ,f]nndez & ,da ,mayor ,arias ( ! prov9ce ( ,burgos4 ,( 8 e>ly tra9+ no?+ is kn[n4 ,he 0 probably re>$ 9 ,tol$o1 8 fa!r's capital1 & z ,sr4 ,solal9de sugge/s1 mu* might be inf]r$ f ! rules = ! tra9+ ( pr9ces giv5 9 ! ,siete ,p>tidas1 a collection ( ! laws ( ! "t1 provid$ ! read] does n take ^! too lit]ally4 ,at ! age ( sixte5 he began 8 c>e] z a soldi] "u 8 fa!r1 ,f]n&o ,,iii1 el ,santo1 9 ! conque/ ( ,&aluca4 ,he himself add$ to 8 fa!r's cr[n ! k+dom ( ,murcia & took an active "p 9 ! conque/ ( ,sevilla 9 #abdh4 ,! next ye> he m>ri$ ,da ,violante ( ,aragn1 daught] ( ,jaime el ,conqui/ador1 hop+ 9 ?is way to effect an alliance betwe5 ! two k+doms1 b x seems z ?o ,fate _h decre$ t f ! v fir/ 8 %\ld be a life ( disappo9tm5ts & tr\ble4 ,! fronti] w>f>e betwe5 ^! two nations cont9u$1 gr[+ ev5 m %>p lat] :5 ,alfonso aspir$ to ! cr[n ( ,nav>ra4 ,x 0 n until mu* lat] t ! fri5d%ip ( ,alfonso & ,don ,jaime became firmly e/abli%$4 ,aside f 8 legal wife1 :om he m>ri$ by way ( secur+ a political asset--a mode ( proc$ure n unkn[n ev5 9 lat] times--he really lov$ a c]ta9 beautiful lady1 ,da ,mayor ,guilln de ,guzmn1 :o bore to him 8 daught] ,da ,beatriz1 lat] m>ri$ by h] fa!r to ,alfonso ,,iii ( ,portugal4 ,! sepul*] & also ! body ( ,da ,mayor 9 a rem>kable /ate ( pres]vation are /ill to be se5 9 ,alcoc]4 ,"o ( ! h&s /ill we>s ! glove ) :i* x 0 clo!d at ! "t ( ! burial4 ,9 ,may1 #abeb1 ,alfonso asc5d$ ! ?rone1 aft] receiv+ 8 fa!r's solemn *>ge3 8,fijo1 ricas f9cas et ti]ra et de mu*os bu5os vasallos ms que rey que en la cri/ianidad sea2 pugna en fac] bi5 e s] bu5o1 ca bi5 has con qu40 ,alfonso1 ! k+1 0 und\bt$ly an indefatigable work] & a man ( ! highe/ int5tions4 ,he knew :at ought to be done b app>5tly did n h ! p[] ( w or ! p]sonality to insure ! execution ( 8 purpose4 ,:5 he asc5d$ ! ?rone ! w> ) ! ,moors _h be5 r$uc$ to op]ations ( m9or importance & !y recogniz$ ! ,ca/illian mon>* z _! ma/]4 ,b "h z else:]e hi/ory repeats itself4 ,ea* ,*ri/ian k+ on ! p59sula 0 dom9at$ by ! desire to ext5d 8 t]ritories2 &1 s9ce !re 0 no long] ! necessity ( /&+ toge!r aga9/ ! common foe1 a s]ies ( petty qu>rels soon arose foll[$ by attempt$ conque/s4 ,z "t w5t on1 n only ,alfonso's own nobles1 b 8 bro!rs & ev5 8 own son became involv$ aga9/ _! k+4 ,x 0 precisely "h t ,alfonso 0 unable to hold ! re9s ( p[] 9 z firm a h& z 8 fa!r be=e him _h done4 ,x 0 because ( int]nal tr\bles t he fail$1 at ! critical mom5t1 to br+ ! w>s 9 ,italy to a decisive conclusion1 & to t]m9ate successfully ) ! popes & o!rs1 ! diplomatic controv]sies 9 :i* ! ?rone ( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire 0 at /ake4 ,to ?is ?rone he _h be5 legally elect$ at ! dea? ( ,william ( ,holl& 9 #abef1 :5 he receiv$ f\r ( ! sev5 votes4 ,he 0 oppos$ by ,ri*>d ( ,cornwall4 ,! long conte/ :i* foll[$ 0 9 reality a political battle ) ! popes1 f ,alex&] ,,iv to ,gregory ,x1 9 :i* ,ri*>d usually _h ! upp] h&4 ,at ,ri*>d's dea? ,rudolph ( ,hapsburg "u ! pontifical protection 0 elect$ to take 8 place1 & x 0 only aft] n9ete5 ye>s t ,alfonso f9ally succe$$1 9 #abge1 9 obta9+ an audi5ce ) ,gregory 9 ,france4 ,! un=tunate outcome ( ?is int]view 0 t ,alfonso 0 p]suad$ to give up all pret5tions to ! imp]ial cr[n & to =ego 8 cu/om ( sign+ int]national pap]s ) ! title ( 8rey de romanos40 ,9 ?is mann] end$ ,alfonso's va9 attempt at ext]nal t]ritorial expansion4 ,at home1 9 conte/s ) 8 own nobles1 he _h be5 h>dly m successful4 ,inde$1 ) all ! accumulat$ exp5ses ( 8 long-cont9u$ attempts to obta9 ! imp]ial cr[n x w\ld h requir$ a man ( almo/ sup]human =ce to keep 8 p[]ful vassals "u control & at ! same "t subject !m to ! excessive taxation necess>ily involv$4 ,?is1 z we h se51 ,alfonso did n possess4 ,! ,infante ,don ,enrique 0 ! fir/ to rebel4 ,8 outbreak 0 foll[$ by a m s]i\s upris+ ( ! nobles "u ! o/5sible lead]%ip ( ! k+'s bro!r1 ! ,infante ,don ,felipe1 b 0 really fo/]$ & ma9ta9$ by ,nuo de ,l>a1 ! bolde/ & mo/ favor$ noble ( ! c\rt4 ,to re/ore h>mony ! k+ surr5d]$ _m ( 8 own prescriptive rights1 b ev5 !n ! nobles 7 n satisfi$ & ,nuo de ,l>a1 inspir$ by ?is rec5tly acquir$ p[]1 object$ to ! royal decision to require no fur!r paym5ts ( tribute f ! k+ ( ,portugal4 ,alfonso1 9 ang]1 dem&$ t ,nuo )draw f ! c\ncil2 ?is he did b 9 op5 rebellion1 successfully draw+ ) him a l>ge numb] ( ! nobles4 ,_m ( ^!1 app>5tly fai?ful to ,alfonso1 foll[$ an intimation giv5 !m by ,nuo & outw>dly support$ _! sov]eign :ile privately plott+ ) "s ( 8 p[]ful enemies1 ! k+ ( ,nav>re & ev5 ! emir ( ,granada4 ,9 an endeavor to adju/ matt]s ,alfonso summon$ a g5]al convocation1 :i* ! aggriev$ nobles1 9 an attitude ( op5 affront1 att5d$ fully arm$ :ile _! sov]eign wore only civilian dress4 ,at ?is meet+ ! mon>* c$$ /ill fur!r privileges2 b1 pursu+ _! advantage1 !y f9ally came out 9 op5 rebellion &1 ga!r+ _! army1 m>*$ away f ,ca/ile to ! k+dom ( ,granada1 burn+ & plund]+ z !y w5t4 ,mean:ile ,alfonso1 by means ( 8 elde/ son & heir1 ,f]n&o de la ,c]da1 /ill endeavor$ to negotiate ) !m4 ,9 spite ( all ^! int]nal tr\bles ! cr[n ( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire /ill held ! upp]mo/ place 9 ! m9d ( ! mon>* & x 0 j at ?is juncture t he succe$$ 9 arrang+ = 8 above m5tion$ visit to ,france & left 8 olde/ son1 ,f]n&o de la ,c]da1 to gov]n 9 8 /ead4 ,! latt] al?o only a boy ( tw5ty ye>s 0 already %[+ great ability z 8 fa!r's repres5tative1 :5 sudd5ly he di$4 ,fate seem$ det]m9$ t n "o bright l+]+ hope %\ld be p]mitt$ to relieve ,alfonso's long1 unhappy reign4 ,?is un=tunate dea? 0 ! cause ( additional tr\bles4 ,don ,san*o1 ,alfonso's second son1 imm$iately took up ! re9s ( gov]nm5t :]e 8 bro!r _h let !m fall4 ,w> hav+ be5 decl>$ on ! ,moors1 no "t 0 to be lo/4 ,alfonso return$ to f9d 8 son & heir dead1 8 fa!r-9-law1 ,don ,jaime1--t valiant w>rior :o _h n[ become 8 devot$ fri5d--j kill$ by ! unbeliev]s1 & 8 second son1 ,san*o1 self-e/abli%$ z heir-app>5t4 ,al?o ?is 0 contr>y to :at ! k+ himself _h ord]$ 9 ,las ,siete ,p>tidas1#ad he confirm$ ,san*o z 8 successor1 :]eas ! cr[n %\ld h gone to ,f]n&o's elde/ son4 ,?is br\ght m tr\ble4 ,que5 ,violante left him & s\ght refuge ) h] bro!r1 ,p$ro ,,iii ( ,aragon1 9 ord] to def5d ! rights ( h] gr&sons4 ,! wife ( ! deceas$ pr9ce ha/5$ to h] fa!r1 k+ ( ,france1 & w> 0 ab\t to be decl>$ betwe5 ! two k+doms1 :5 ,rome int]f]$4 ,violante return$ to h] "l ^u receiv+ 8 promise to c$e ! k+dom ( ,jan to 8 gr&son2 b ?is ang]$ ,don ,san*o1 :o rebell$ aga9/ 8 fa!r4 ,alfonso publicly dis9h]it$ 8 son1 & incont95tly set out to cru% him4 ,! o!r ,infantes :o _h previ\sly support$ _! bro!r n[ =sook him & came to ! aid ( _! fa!r4 ,san*o himself1 ) a k9d ( religi\s respect = 8 royal fa!r1 avoid$ battle & f9ally implor$ p>don4 ,su* 0 ! condition ( affairs :51 aft] an exce$+ly turbul5t reign ( ?irty-two ye>s1 ,alfonso ,x di$ 9 ,seville on ! #d? ( ,april1 #abhd4 ,dur+ all ^! ye>s ,alfonso _h *]i%$ ! fond hope ( c>ry+ on an ev] broad5+ w> aga9/ ! ,moors & f9ally ( ext5d+ x into ,africa & !re deal+ a dea? bl[ to ! p[] ( ! ,cresc5t4 ,?is purpose ( 81 l a w-o'-!-wisp1 flutt]$ con/antly j beyond 8 p[] ( execution4 ,he did succe$ 9 c>ry+ out m9or conque/s1 b ! rul] ( ,granada 0 always quick to take advantage ( ! civil /rife 9 ! k+dom to ! nor? ( him to recov] 8 lo/ t]ritory4 ,! f9al net result 0 t ,alfonso succe$$ 9 add+ to 8 cr[n ! cities ( ,j]ez de la ,front]a1 ,m$9a-,sidonia1 ,lebrija1 ,niebla1 ,cdiz1 & a few o!r t[ns ( little importance4 ,f ! =ego+ x is easy to see t ,alfonso 0 n a m]e !oriz+ />-gaz]4 ,x is surpris+ t a man ) 8 h&s s full ( t]re/rial affairs c\ld ev] h f\nd "t to turn 8 eyes heav5w>d or c\ld ev] f9d ! leisure & ! quiet necess>y = ! c>eful edit+ ( ! l5g?y works produc$ at 8 comm&4 ,9 speak+ ( ^! works & discuss+ _! *ronological ord] ,sr4 ,ramn ,m55dez ,pidal says3 8,la actividad lit]>ia de la corte de ,alfonso ,x--que se haba iniciado con las ,tablas ,alfonses y el ,sept5>io--haba producido ya las obras legales1 coronadas por las ,p>tidas2 haba dado a luz la prim]a edicin de las ,cantigas y gran p>te de los ,libros ,a/ronmicos4 ,po/]iorm5te a esa actividad des>rollada en las mat]ias a/ronmicas1 jurdicas y poticas1 slo a p>tir del ao #abgj1 debemos coloc> el comi5zo de la actividad hi/rica antes no repres5tada4 ,prim]o se trabaja en la ,crnica ,g5]al1 y1 despus1 se int]rumpe la obra p>a impuls> la ,gr&e ,e/oria2 los r$actores de e/a1 como luego indic>emos1 conoci]on noticias ref]5tes a la hi/oria de ,espaa que la ,crnica ,g5]al no aprove*4 ,en f91 despus de la iniciacin de las obras hi/ricas se sigui trabaj&o en los ,libros ,a/ronmicos y en las ,cantigas1 y se empez>on las ltimas obras del re9ado1 como el ,lapid>io y el ,aj$rez40#ae ,( ! above ,i h be5 able to consult only ^? pr9t$ or reproduc$ 9 facsimile1 :i* are ! foll[+3 ,las ,siete ,p>tidas1 7! be/ edition ( :i* is ! l>ge ?ree volume "w publi%$ 9 #ahjg by ! ,real ,academia7 is ! result ( ,alfonso's successful attempt to complete ! "w begun by 8 fa!r 9 collect+1 codify+ & /&>diz+ ! v>i\s laws ( ! num]\s regions ( ! k+dom1 & x has be5 us$ z ! basis ( ,spani% jurisprud5ce ev] s9ce4 ,?is "w has prov$ ( v great value because ( ! ample comm5ts 7made1 x seems1 ei!r by ! compil]s or by ,alfonso himself7 on ! laws conta9$ & ! cu/oms ref]r$ to4 ,las ,cantigas is a collection ( #dbb lyric or n>rative poems 9 ! ,gallego-portugus dialect1 _m ( :i* 7 probably writt5 by ! mon>*4 ,( ^! #cec are n>rations ( miracles attribut$ to ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,! edition us$ 9 ?is /udy is t ( ! ,real ,academia1 #ahhi1 #b ,vols41 #cc cm4 edit$ ) a critical introduction by ,leopoldo ,augu/o de ,cueto1 ,m>qus de ,valm>4 ,a ?ird volume ( ?is "w by ,j4 ,rib]a treat+ ( ! music ( ,las ,cantigas has j appe>$4 ,los ,libros del ,sab] de ,a/ronoma1 conta9 a l>ge numb] ( draw+s ( ! heav5s1 v>i\s a/ronomical in/rum5ts1 etc41 z well z a comp5dium ( :at 0 !n kn[n relat+ to ?is sci5ce4 ,9 ! introduction to ! edition :i* consi/s ( five #de #cc cm4 volumes by ,manuel ,rico y ,s9obas1 ,madrid1 #ahfh1 ! editor /ates t among ! compil]s 7 #h ,*ri/ians & #f ,jews2 :ile ! works ( m ?an #ag ,arabs 7 consult$ 7p4 ,,xcii74 ,la ,prim]a ,crnica ,g5]al 7edition ( ,ramn ,m5ndez ,pidal 9 ,nueva ,biblioteca de ,autores ,espaoles1 vol4 #e1 #aijf7 is an acc\nt ( ! hi/ory ( ,spa9 f ! "t ( ,moses to ! dea? ( ,f]n&o ,,iii1 el ,santo4 ,?is1 says ,sr4 ,pidal 9 8 ,e/udios ,lit]>ios 7p4 #bjh ff471 is ! fir/ *ronicle writt5 9 ,spa9 :i* consid]s ! ,spani>ds z a ,roman in/ead ( a ,go?ic p4 ,be+ guid$ by ! results ( 8 rese>*1 ! late/ & mo/ au?oritative on ! subject1 ,i h includ$ 9 ?is /udy only ! fir/ "p ( ! ,crnica1 i4 e41 *apt]s #a-eff1 z ! rema9+ "p is probably ! "w ( ,alfonso's successor4 ,la ,g5]al ,e/oria is /ill un$it$4 ,x is a "w ( five p>ts1 ea* ( :i* is 9 size equal to ! ,prim]a ,crnica ,g5]al4 ,x purports to be a hi/ory ( ! _w f ! creation to ! "t ( ,alfonso & is bas$ prim>ily on ! ,bible1 al?o o!r au?orities1 bo? sacr$ & pr(ane1 are freely drawn ^u4 ,= ?is /udy ,i h be5 able to consult only ^? extracts t appe> 9 ! ,antologa ( ,sr4 ,antonio ,g4 ,solal9de4 ,el ,lapid>io treats ( #cfj /ones1 divid+ !m into twelve gr\ps describes _! appe>ance & ! c\ntry or locality 9 :i* !y are f\nd1 br++ 9 9 ?is way int]e/+ comm5ts on mann]s & cu/oms1 scraps ( folk-lore1 etc41 z well z discuss+ ! m$ic9al & sup]natural prop]ties ( ! v>i\s /ones introduc$4 ,! edition us$ 0 t ( ,jos ,t4 ,montaa1 ,antonio ,selfa1 & ,hipplito ,rodrigez1 ,madrid1 #ahha4 ,el ,libro de ,aj$rez4 ,a two volume photographic edition ( ?is "w 0 br\ght out 9 ,leipzig 9 #aiac by ,j4 ,g4 ,:ite "u ! title ( ,a ,spani% ,treatise ( ,*ess writt5 by ! ord] ( ,k+ ,alfonso1 ! ,sage1 9 #abhc4 ,x is a c>eful discussion ( ! game & description ( ! v>i\s moves4 ,z well z *ess1 ! games ( dice & backgammon are includ$4 ,9 ?is /udy h be5 includ$ only ^? works :i* may1 )\t reasonable d\bt1 be consid]$ to be ! productions ( ,alfonso el ,sabio or works 9 ^: composition he took "p 9 ! mann] indicat$ bel[4 ,^? :i* may h be5 m or less plausibly attribut$ to him b ^: au?or%ip /ill rema9s 9 d\bt1 h be5 purposely omitt$4 ,( ^! latt] ! mo/ important is ,calila y ,dimna1 :i* _m /ill ma9ta9 0 translat$ by ! ord] ( ,alfonso4#af ,b ev5 if ?is be correct ! book is a purely allegorical "o1 entirely =eign to ! _s & mann] ( ,spa91 & c 9 no way aid u 9 und]/&+ ! sup]/itions & religi\s beliefs ( ! ,spani% nation4 ,:ile x is true t ,alfonso did n ) 8 own h&s write out ! works includ$ 9 our /udy1 nev]!less ! compil]s !mselves be> witness to ! fact t he did c>efully edit !m1 scrut9iz+ ! cont5ts1 elim9at+ ! non-ess5tial & p]fect+ ! language4 ,9 ! ,g5]al ,e/oria is f\nd ?is significant /atem5t3 8,assi como dixiemos nos mu*as uezes3 el rey face un libro1 non por quel el escriua con sus manos1 mas porque compone las razones del1 e las enmi5da et yegua e end]esa1 e mue/ra la man]a de cmo se deu5 faz]1 e desi escriue las qui l m&a1 p]o dezimos por e/a razon que el rey faze el libro04#ag ,small wond] !n t ! k+ realiz$ ! value ( quietude & specifi$ z "o ( ! ess5tials = ! mak+ ( good laws t 8,otrosi deb5 gu>d> que qu&o las feci]5 no haya ni ruido n9 otra cosa que les e/orbe1 et que lo fagan con consejo de homes ent5didos et sabidores1 et leales et s9 codicia40#ah ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,miracles ,,p]=m$ ,,by ,,! ,,virg9 ,,9 ,,response ,,to ,,pray] ,:5 x is consid]$ t 9 ,las ,cantigas alone !re are n>rat$ #cec sep>ate miracles1 x is obvi\s t x w be impossible to give "h ev5 a brief rsum ( all ! in/ances 9 :i* ! sup]natural appe>s4 ,:at ,i h attempt$ to d is to give a synopsis ( ! mo/ repres5tative leg5ds & /ories1 hop+ 9 ?is way to pres5t a correct1 if succ9ct1 idea ( ! beliefs1 sup]/itions & religi\s practices ( m$ieval ,spa94 ,! v>i\s occurr5ces ( ! sup]natural f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,alfonso ,x1 h be5 gr\p$1 z f> z possible1 "u ! head+s commonly employ$ 9 classifications ( ?is k9d4 ,s9ce all ! extant works ( ?is p]iod1 ) ! exception ( ,las ,cantigas & a few cantigas de amor et de maldecir1 7 writt5 = ! erudite & 7 9 no s5se popul> 9 _! orig9s1 x is app>5t t ! popul> beliefs 9 reg>d to ! sup]natural w be f\nd m5tion$ 9 !m only incid5tally4 ,occasionally1 z 9 ! ,crnica ,g5]al = example1 ! traditions ( ! common p _h firmly e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ! ,cant>es de ,ge/a & o!r s\rces :i* 7 drawn ^u by ! compil]s4 ,9 su* sci5tific works z ,el ,lapid>io & ,los ,libros del ,sab] de ,a/ronoma1 ! effect ( ! v>i\s heav5ly bodies ^u ?+s t]re/rial is m5tion$1 b ^! reflect ! beliefs ( ! le>n$1 n ( ! ignorant4 ,:ile ^! beliefs ( ! intellectual classes are int]e/+ & useful 9 !mselves1 !y are by no means z important = our /udy z ! sup]/itions ( ! man ( ! /reet4 ,las ,siete ,p>tidas has furni%$ mu* p]t95t in=mation because ( ! laws conc]n+ practices involv+ ! sup]natural :i* 7 =bidd51 or :i*1 z 9 ! case ( conjur+1 7 p]mitt$ only "u c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,b f su* s\rces we c get only a v small proportion ( ! great mass ( popul> conceptions & traditions :i* mu/ h exi/$1 z is =cibly illu/rat$ by ! fact t 9 all ! o!r works except+ ,las ,cantigas only n9e miracles are n>rat$4 ,on ! o!r h& ! t]m 8milagro0 0 consid]$ important en\gh to m]it a l5g?y def9ition 9 ! laws ( ! times4#ai ,accord+ to ?is def9ition a 8milagro0 is a div9e int]v5tion 9 ! regul> c\rse ( nature ! purpose ( :i* is1 among o!r ?+s1 to rew>d ! fai?ful & to be> witness to ! v]acity ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,b :5 we consid] ,las ,cantigas1 a "w ^: av[$ purpose is to ga!r toge!r all ! curr5t /ories ( miracles attribut$ to ! ,virg9 ei!r directly or indirectly1 we h a collection ( #cec acc\nts drawn bo? f ! writ+s ( ! sa9ts & f popul> tradition4 ,x is to be notic$ too t all ( ^! are p]=m$ ei!r directly or indirectly by ! ,virg9 & d n include any ( ^? attribut$ to ! v>i\s o!r sa9ts1 to ! ,*ild nor to ! ,man ,jesus1 etc4 ,if su* a ho/ ( leg5ds & /ories c\ld be ga!r$ ) ! facilities ( t "t deal+ ) only "o phase ( sup]natural lore & ) only "o sa9t h[ great mu/ h be5 ! entire /ore6 ,ano!r int]e/+ fact 9 connection ) ?is collection is t1 al?o accord+ to ! ,*ur* au?orities1 ! ,virg9 c\ld p]=m miracles only :5 especially emp[]$ to d s1 %e is repres5t$ "h z p]=m+ !m ( h] own accord4 ,only seldom does %e g to h] ,son or to ,god ! ,fa!r = aid or p]mission4 ,su* a proc$ure c n be attribut$ to ignorance on ! "p ( "o s well v]s$ 9 ecclesia/ical law & cu/oms z ,alfonso4 ,x is probably a consci\s reflection ( ! g5]al belief ( ! common p :o knew little ( ,!ology4 ,9 a p]iod ( su* absolute & naive fai? x is n at all surpris+ t ! same miracle1 ) a few m9or alt]ations p]haps1 %\ld be attribut$ at "o "t to ! ,virg9 & at ano!r to ,god1#bj or at "o "t to ! crucifix & at ano!r to ! image ( ! ,virg91 etc4#ba ,! result ( ?is cu/om>y promiscu\s attribution ( b5evol5t de$s to v>i\s div9e =ces & p]sonages 0 t ! c\nt]p>t ( e miracle m5tion$ 9 any ( ! writ+s ( k+ ,alfonso ,x is f\nd 9 ,las ,cantigas4 ,!re=e our /udy ( ?is topic w be bas$ on ?is collection ) appropriate notes ( any v>iations ( int]e/ 9 ! leg5ds z f\nd 9 8 o!r works4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! miracles 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! collection ( ,las ,cantigas are tak51 z usually /at$ 9 ! poem itself1 f "s o!r accessible book4#bb ,b z leg5ds f ^! s\rces grew sc>ce ! /ore ( oral tradition 0 drawn ^u1 & occasionally1 z 9 appreh5sion t ! v]acity ( ! /ory might be *all5g$1 "s su* /r5g!n+ l9e z 8mui bi5 sey que foi e gran u]dade0#bc 0 add$4 ,s p]sonal is ! tone ( ! :ole collection t !re is no hesitation :atev] 9 rec\nt+ ! miracul\s exp]i5ce ( "s memb] ( ! royal family or ( ! k+ himself4#bd ,con/ant se>* 9 ! manuscripts at h& 0 app>5tly cont9u$ h[ev] dur+ ! entire "t ( composition & z late z ,no4 #cfb occurs ! expression 8a*ei escrito40#be ,! cult ( ! ,virg9 became v popul> dur+ ! #ac? c5tury & :5 we consid] ! influ5ce x _h all ?ru ! p]iod we are /udy+ x is natural to expect1 t 9 a gr\p ( miracles d$icat$ expressly to h]1 t ,jesus1 ! ,son ( ,m>y1 & ev5 ,god ! ,fa!r w\ld be b seldom m5tion$4#bf ,b :5 !y are !y are recogniz$ z be+ supreme4 ,! ,virg9 h]self (t5 has to ask a favor ( ! ,son1 z 9 ,nos4 #ad1 #de1 etc4 ,at times we are privileg$ to cat* a glimpse ( ! c\rt ( heav5 resembl+ greatly a m$ieval c\rt ) ,god ! ,fa!r & ,8 ,son z ! supreme rul]s & bel[ !m ! sa9ts 9 ! ord] ( _! v>i\s ranks4 ,on "o occasion1 ,no4 #ad = in/ance1 ,sa9t ,pet] pleads )\t success = ! s\l ( a lic5ti\s monk :o dur+ life 0 especially devot$ to him4 ,aft] invok+ ! aid ( ! o!r sa9ts to no avail he f9ally appeals to ! ,virg9 & 9 answ] to h] ,god p]mits ! return ( ! s\l to ! body = ! b5efit ( ano!r *ance4 ,! details "h are su* t "o might easily imag9e ! sc5e to be t ( any c\rt ( #ac? c5tury ,europe4 ,naturally 9 s l>ge a collection#bg any classification has to be arbitr>y1 & h[ev] ! division is made !re w be a numb] :i* may be plac$ "u two or m head+s4 ,! pres5t classification1 tabulat$ 9 detail on page #ace has be5 made to suit ! ne$s ( ?is /udy exclusively4 ,9 :at "h foll[s ,i %all summ>ize only ! typical examples ( ea* class4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! gr\p ( miracles /udi$ especially 9 ?is *apt]1 ^? p]=m$ by ! ,virg9 9 response to pray]1 includes almo/ e conceivable =m ( aid1 all ! way f re/or+ life to ! dead d[n to help+ a man f9d 8 lo/ falcon4 ,!y suffice to give u a r>e conception ( ! beliefs & fai?1 (t5 almo/ *ildlike 9 _! simplicity1 ( t "t4 ,! greate/ ( all miracles1 ! re/oration ( life1 is p]=m$ 9 all ov] #cj times 9 answ] to pray] & = a great v>iety ( reasons4 ,9 "o in/ance 7,no4 #ahb7 a c]ta9 robb] :o _h ! r$eem+ quality ( always giv+ to ^? 9 ne$ :5 ask$ 9 ! "n ( ,santa ,m>a1 di$ sudd5ly4 ,9 answ] to a "m's pray] & to af=d an opportunity = rep5tance 8 s\l 0 re/or$ & f t mom5t he obs]v$ fai?fully all ! comm&m5ts 8da ,urg540 ,9 ano!r1 to aid a fai?ful foll[] 9 8 "w on e>? ! ,holy ,"m s5ds to ,santo ,dom+o z a help] a well-educat$1 zeal\s "y man :o kills himself by ov]work4 ,9 answ] to ! supplication ( ! sa9t %e desc5ds f heav5 ) a *orus ( virg9s & toge!r !y read f _! books & ano9t ! corpse1 head1 body & feet1 ?us re/or+ ! life ( ! "y man t he might cont9ue 9 ! s]vice ( 8 wor?y ma/] 7,no4 #bjd74bh ,9 ,no4 #hd a wife becomes ignorantly jeal\s ( ! ,holy ,"m because h] husb& slips away my/]i\sly e night & :5 ask$ ! reason = 8 abs5ce he answ]s t he loves 8 wife z mu* z ev] b admits to h]1 almo/ 9 je/1 t he loves ano!r woman m4 ,?is prov$ too mu* & 9 a fit ( ang] %e /abb$ h]self1 b 9 answ] to h] husb&'s pray]s h] life 0 re/or$4 ,no4 #bda is p>ticul>ly int]e/+ because ( its details & ( its really lifelike sett+4 ,two mo!rs1 "o hav+ a son & ! o!r a daught]1 decid$ t a m>riage ( ! "y c\ple w\ld be advantage\s4 ,all w5t well until ! day ( ! w$d+1 :5 ! boy1 be+ 9 a v happy & buoyant mood1 lean$ too f> out ( ! w9d[ z he wip$ out a glass1 lo/ 8 balance1 fell & 0 kill$4 ,all 7 ov]come ) grief except 8 "m :o confid5tly took him to ! alt> ( ! ,virg91 :]e 8 life 0 re/or$4 ,z life return$ 8 fir/ words 7 8,:at a beautiful mansion y took me f40 ,! two "y p 7 s impress$ !y decid$ to devote !mselves to religion4 ,at ano!r "t ,alfonso's imm$iate family 7 conc]n$ = ! daught] ( 8o bon rei ,don ,f]n&o01 :o aft] be+ c>efully re>$ = ! conv5t at ,las ,huelgas di$4 ,h] "m took h] to ! foot ( ! image & putt+ ev]yone out ( ! *ur*1 det]m9$ to rema9 until h] daught] reviv$4 ,h] fai? 0 rew>d$1 & lat] 9 life ! pr9cess held an important place 9 ! conv5t 7,no4 #abb74bi ,:5 we come to consid] ! v>i\s k9ds ( bodily ailm5ts cur$ by ! ,holy ,"m we are pres5t$ ) a =midable li/4 ,an arr[ /rik+ a man 9 ! face /uck 9 ! bone 9 su* a mann] t none c\ld remove x4 ,he reque/$ to be tak5 to ! alt> ( ! ,virg9 & !re confess$1 implor$ aid1 & ! arr[ came out ( its own accord 7,no4 #abf74 ,sev5 sep>ate times d lep]s appeal to h] & are heal$4#cj ,! bl9d h _! sight re/or$2 b "o cl]k1 app>5tly ?ru lack ( fai?1 ask$ only t 8 sight be giv5 him :ile ,mass 0 be+ said4 ,%e took him at 8 ^w & all[$ him ! privilege ( see+ e day only dur+ ! "t ( ,mass 7,no4 #ib74 ,swell+s disappe> 7,no4 #cdf72 :ile (t5 ,alfonso s+s ( ! cures he himself has exp]i5c$4 ,aft] leprosy ! mo/ common ailm5t to incite ! pity ( ! ,bless$ ,"m is rabies1 :i* is m5tion$ 9 no less ?an five sep>ate cantigas2#ca reason is also re/or$ to ^? :o h be5 depriv$ ( x 7,no4 #cca74 ,no4 #fi is ! leg5d ( a deaf mute :o pres5t$ himself be=e ! alt> ( ! ,virg9 9 ,tol$o4 ,:ile !re he saw ,sa9t ,m>y 9 ! =m ( a beautiful girl approa* him z 9 a vision1 put h] f+] 9 8 e> & take out a worm :i* _h 8 444 a semella d'e/es de sirgo1 mais come ouella era ueloss' e cob]to de la40 ,lat] ,santa ,m>a ord]$ a monk well v]s$ 9 ! art to aid ! man recov] 8 voice4 ,ano!r pretty /ory is t ( a little girl ) de=m$ feet :o 0 tak5 to ! alt> ( ,santa ,m>a del ,pu]to1 :]e1 fall+ asleep1 %e sudd5ly cri$ out ) a %>p pa94 ,9 answ] to ! que/ions ( h] fa!r & ^? ne> h] %e said ! ,virg9 came d[n f ! alt>1 broke h] feet1 & !n return$4 ,!y ha/ily exam9$ !m only to f9d !m 9 p]fect condition4 ,z well z cur+ ! ord9>y ills ( nature to :i* ! human body is subject1 ! ,bless$ ,"m may also cure ^? due to acts ( man if !y are unju/ly inflict$1 z 9 ! case ( ! s]vant ^: ma/] put out 8 eyes because ( false accusation4 ,! s]vant1 kn[+ he 0 innoc5t1 procur$ 8 eye-balls1 _h a surgeon put !m back 9 _! sockets1 & !n w5t to ,santa ,m>a de ,salas1 :]e 8 sight 0 re/or$ 7,no4 #agg74 ,a miracle %[+ a /rong trace ( my/icism--ano!r in/ance ( ! relief ( suff]+ due to no consci\s fault ( ! victim--is ,no4 #cae4 ,a labor+ woman w5t into ! field to "w & left h] *ild--) a pray] = its safety--ti$ to a %eaf ( :eat4 ,:ile %e 0 gone ! *ild swall[$ a head ( ! gra9 & became v ill4 ,! "m1 ?9k+ x _h swall[$ "s insect or _h be5 bitt5 ha/5$ ) x to ,madrid :]e aft] _m days ( unsuccessful treatm5t %e 0 advis$ to take x to ! ,*ur* ( ,ato*a4 ,on arriv+ %e undress$ ! *ild be=e ! alt> = exam9ation & to ! a/oni%m5t ( all pres5t ! head ( :eat1 intact1 came out ?ru ! left side ( ! *ild1 :o recov]$ imm$iately4 ,no4 #adf %[s ! influ5ce ( a well-kn[n leg5d ( ! ,middle ,ages ( a fa!r :o cut (f ! h&s ( 8 daught] because %e insi/$ on be+ true to h] new fai?1 ,*ri/ianity4 ,lat] 9 life1 :51 because ( mis=tunes & p]secutions1 h] h&s 7 necess>y = ! c>e ( h] *ild1 !y 7 miracul\sly re/or$1 gr[+ out ( ! old /umps4#cb ,9 ! cantiga ! object ( ! miracle is a boy :o wi%$ to g on a pilgrimage to ! %r9e ( ! ,virg9 ( ,albeza4 ,8 "m hesitat$ because ( 8 enemies b at la/ he 0 p]mitt$ to g4 ,he did1 inde$1 fall into _! p[] & !y put out 8 eyes z well z cut (f 8 h&s4 ,he 0 f\nd1 h[ev]1 by "s fell[-pilgrims1 tak5 to ! %r9e1 & !re1 ^u 8 pray+ ! 8,madre de ,deus ,emanel1 fez-ll' ollos come de p]diz pequ5nos a aquel donzel muy fremosos1 et de raiz crecron-ll' z mos enton40 ,al?o ! ,virg9 did alleviate bodily ills = good cause %e 0 n alway a sa9t ( m]cy4 ,at times %e 0 a sa9t ( v5geance4 ,ev5 m1 h] devotees 7 sometimes giv5 ! privilege ( see+ ?is v5geance br\ght d[n at _! own reque/ ^u ! enemies ( ! fai? because ( "s impi\s act4 ,"o ,*ri/ian :ile kneel+ at pray] be=e h] %r9e 0 bitt5 by a l>ge dog t happ5$ to pass t way4 ,z he arose to pick up a /one to drive ! animal away he 0 greatly inc5s$ at see+ two ,jews laugh+ at him4 ,n be+ able to re/ra9 8 ang] he call$ ^u ! ,virg9 to av5ge h]self ( su* an affront ) ! result t ! wall by :i* !y 7 /&+ fell ^u ! unbeliev]s 7,no4 #bhf74 ,su* v5geance z ?is is usually only met$ out to infidels &1 ev5 ?o ,sa9t ,m>y loves v5geance & desires to please h] foll[]s1 m ?an once has %e to temp] ?is v human desire on _! "p4 ,"o woman ask$ t ! "o :o _h /ol5 h] husb&'s affections be /rick5 ) "s s]i\s illness1 b ! ,virg91 consid]+ ! puni%m5t too sev]e1 by a vision caus$ ! unlawful rival to rep5t & ask =giv5ess ( ! wife1 :i* ! latt] f9ally grant$ 7,no4 #fh74 ,9 _m respects m important1 ?o p]haps mak+ a less la/+ impression1 are ^? miracles ( prev5tion f h>m4 ,^! are almo/ z num]\s z ! above1 ?o !y (f] less v>iety & less opportunity = dramatic effect4 ,among ! mo/ common are rescues f ! sea1 & 9 ,no4 #bcf !re is ! add$ elem5t ( walk+ on ! wat]4 ,a pi\s woman & h] *ild are 9 a boat t s9ks4 ,%e cries out to ! ,virg9 :o appe>s1 takes h] by ! h&1 & toge!r !y walk on ! wat] z ?o x 7 l& until !y arrive at ,m>seilles4 ,^? engag$ 9 mak+ objects = ! glory ( ! ,virg91 toge!r ) ! products ( _! art1 receive special protection4 ,a /one mason work+ at a great height 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>a de ,ca/rog]iz felt 8 legs weak5 & began to fall4 ,call+ on ! local sa9t he miracul\sly caught on an edge ( "o ( ! /ones & al?o a v l>ge man 8 f+]s 7 /r5g!n$1 enabl+ him to hold on a great] "p ( ! day until aid came 7,no4 #bdb74 ,at ano!r "t a pa9t] :o habitually drew ! ,devil z ugly z possible & ! ,virg9 z beautifully z he 0 able receiv$ a visit f 8 satanic maje/y 9 p]son compla9+ ( ! treatm5t1 b ! arti/ refus$ to *ange 8 pictures4 ,! ,devil1 greatly (f5d$1 set loose a t]rible hurricane1 :i* ent]$ ! *ur*2 b1 appeal+ to ! ,virg91 bo? ! pa9t] & 8 "w escap$ unh>m$ 7,no4 #gd74 ,t5 in/ances1 mo/ ( :i* be> a /rik+ resemblance to simil> /ories 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 are told ( miracul\s release f prison4#cc ,9 "o ( ^! 7,no4 #bbg7 ,sa9t ,m>y appe>$ surr\nd$ by a bright light & l$ ! captive1 invisible to 8 captors1 f ! dungeon4 ,9 ne>ly all su* releases ! victim _h be5 unju/ly imprison$4 ,^? :o are especially dev\t are sav$ ev5 ?o at times x is necess>y to br+ d[n ! heav5ly ho/s4 ,"o good knight 7,no4 #bcc7 flee+ on a swift horse be=e 8 enemies arrives at ! *ur* ( ! ,virg9 ( ,p5a ,cova4 ,8 pursu]s1 unbeliev]s1 on arriv+ at ! *ur*1 see a battalion ( heav5ly soldi]s drawn up 9 front ( x &1 ?us admoni%$1 !y rep5t & naturally no long] desire 8 life4#cd ,:5 ,bond\d>1 ! ,sultan ( ,egypt1 laid siege to ,tortosa de ,ultram> !re 7 b few def5d]s )9 its walls1 b :5 ! ,sultan arriv$ he saw a great ho/ 9 ! city4 ,"o ( 8 advis]s told him3 8 444 ,p] m&ado da ,uirg5 ,madre d' ,ic ueron1 que un eigreia d5tro en a uila 1 que e/ preto dos muros da p>te d aral04 ,on he>+ ?is ! ,sultan )drew1 say+ he w\ld n fight aga9/ ! ,virg9 & lat] ev5 s5t mu* money to ^? 9 ! city 7,no4 #afe74 ,no4 #di reads almo/ l a fairy tale4 ,a b& ( pilgrims j\rney+ to ,santa ,m>a de ,soissons lose _! way 9 ! m\nta9s & 9 answ] to _! pray]s %e appe>s to !m ) a %9+ w& 9 h] h& & leads !m safely to _! de/9ation4 ,! idea ( b>ga9+1 "o ( ! fundam5tal elem5ts ( all primitive religions1#ce & "o :i* ev5 yet has by no means disappe>$1 0 pres5t 9 a v /rik+ mann]4 ,9 ?is respect1 inde$1 ! p 7 s nave at times t !y made ! ,bless$ ,"m human 9 ! extreme & sometimes !y seem$ almo/ to lose sight entirely ( h] div9ity4 ,9 no less ?an n9ete5#cf cantigas is ! record ( wax be+ (f]$ 9 ex*ange = div9e favors & 9 t5 ( ^! ! wax 0 promis$ 9 ! pray] ( supplication2 & al?o ?is may n at all times h be5 consci\sly (f]$ z a bribe or z a k9d ( b>t] yet !re is no d\bt t unconsci\sly ! feel+ 0 !re4 ,wax 0 by f> ! mo/ popul> ( all (f]+s4 ,x 0 (f]$ 9 bulk1 or 9 ! =m ( an image ( ! ,virg9 or ( ! object desir$1 or (t5 9 c&les4 ,"o acc\nt :i* is v int]e/+ because ( ! well-kn[n hi/orical p]sonages involv$ is ,no4 #cgf4 ,dur+ a conv]sation ) ! ,infante ,don ,manuel1 ,alfonso %[$ him a beautiful r+ & (f]$ x to him z a gift4 ,! k+ s5t a s]vant to deliv] x to ! h\se ( ! ,infante1 b on ! way he lo/ x4 ,he imm$iately appeal$ to ,santa ,m>a del ,pu]to2 (f]+ h] six p\nds ( wax = h] *ur* if %e w\ld help him recov] ! r+4 ,a little lat] a man volunt>ily h&$ x to ! mess5g] say+ he _h f\nd x on ! /reet4 ,al?o we might consid] wax a suitable (f]+ = a miracle ( ! type j m5tion$1 x does cause "s surprise to f9d x accept$ 9 return = ev5 su* an important act z ! re/oration ( life4 ,b !re 0 a woman ( ,z>agoza ^: *ildr5 7 always /illborn1 s aft] ! ?ird sad exp]i5ce %e (f]$ a *ild ( wax to ! ,virg94 ,! f\r? *ild 0 also born dead b1 confid5t n[1 %e implor$ ,santa ,m>a de ,salas1 & ev5 :ile ! pray] cont9u$ ! *ild came to life4 ,9 addition to wax _m o!r k9ds ( gifts 7 acceptable su* z a g>l& ( roses2 or :5 roses 7 unavailable an 8,ave ,m>a0 might be sub/itut$ = ea* rose 9 ! b\quet 7,no4 #aba72 or nails 7 (f]$ = a temple 7,no4 #ajf72 or a promise 0 made ( ! mo/ beautiful ?+ captur$ f ! enemy dur+ a battle1 :i* 9 ,no4 #cgd 0 a beautiful clo? ( gold & sc>let4 ,m curi\s ?an ^!1 & a miracle 9 :i* ! moral lesson is n to be consid]$1 is ,no4 #bad1 9 :i* two m51 "o v ri* :ile ! o!r possess$ only a *ur* build+1 7 roll+ dice4 ,! weal?y man play$ high /akes1 ! poor man1 hav+ only ! *ur*1 play$ x4 ,! ri* "o roll$ & ?ree sixes fell4 ,8 companion1 trembl+1 9 8 turn roll$4 ,z he did s he (f]$ ! *ur* to ! ,virg9 %\ld he w94 ,to 8 a/oni%m5t1 & to ! wond] ( ! by/&]s1 "o ( ! dice fell 9 two1 ?ree sixes & "o ace appe>+4 ,aside f mat]ial gifts su* z ! above1 (f]s ( s]vice su* z ! promise to g on a pilgrimage to "s %r9e are also v effective4#cg ,! nave elem5ts become almo/ />tl+ at times 9 _! *ildi%ness4 ,= in/ance 9 ,no4 #h a s+]1 aft] s++ a 8lais0 to ,santa ,m>a1 ask$ t "o ( ! c&les ( h] %r9e light him :ile he ate4 ,! c&le 0 miracul\sly plac$ on 8 in/rum5t1 b a monk see+ x out ( place became angry1 ?9k+ x bewit*$1 & put x back :]e x belong$4 ,?is 0 repeat$ ?ree times until ! p witness+ ?is repetition int]v5$1 :ile ! monk1 conv9c$ he _h witness$ a miracle1 rep5t$4#ch ,aga91 at ,rocamador1 n9e pilgrims ord]$ n9e pieces ( meat prep>$ = _! meal4 ,:5 !y drew ne> ! table only eight pieces 7 br\ght 91 ! s]vant hav+ /ol5 "o4 ,!y pray$ ,santa ,m>a to %[ !m :]e ! n9? piece 0 & at once he>d a noise 9 a *e/4 ,x 0 ! piece ( meat jump+ ar\nd to attract _! att5tion 7,no4 #aei74 ,ev5 m peculi> 7 ! actions ( a p>alyz$ mule :i* 0 ord]$ kill$ & sk9n$ by its ma/]4 ,! s]vant boy be=e beg9n+ ! task /opp$ to eat & ^u f9i%+ 8 meal 0 a/oni%$ to f9d ! mule heal$ & go+ t[>d ! %r9e ( ! ,virg9 ( ,tor5a4 ,on rea*+ ! *ur* x ran ar\nd x ?ree times rapidly1 ent]$ & kneel$ be=e ! alt>1 !n return$ home ) ! s]vant 7,no4 #bbh74 ,x is to be rem>k$ also t :ile ! miracles usually d conta9 a moral lesson--9 fact "s h no o!r purpose ?an to tea* a moral1 ,no4 #aee1--occasionally !y are mu* less conc]n$ ) ! moral ?an ) ! really important fact1 ! miracle1 :i* %[s ! goodness1 p[] & m]cy ( ,santa ,m>a4 ,b5t on emphasiz+ ?is !y become at times reali/ic 9 ! extreme4 ,we mu/ rememb] also t ! conception ( :at is moral & :at is immoral *anges con/antly & t !re=e x is imposible to measure ! #ac? c5tury by ! /&>ds ( ! #bj?4 ,b ev5 s1 we c say ?is = ,alfonso el ,sabio2 :5ev] he does include su* acc\nts 9 8 collection he h&les !m ) 8 accu/om$ brevity & nev] dwells ^u ! immoral act nor enl>ges ^u x4 ,) a few /rokes he pa9ts ! picture & !n comes to :at1 = him1 is ! all important "p1 ! miracle4 ,"o su*1 v popul> ?ru\t all ,europe 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 is ! leg5d ( an abbess1 accus$ by ^? "u h] ( be+ ) *ild1 :o 0 call$ to acc\nt be=e ! au?orities4 ,%e pray$ e>ne/ly to ! ,virg91 :o dur+ h] sleep br\ght ! *ild & spirit$ him away to ,saussonna4 ,%e 0 !n exam9$ & f\nd innoc5t4 ,no4 #bja is ev5 m int]e/+1 be+ ! /ory ( a beautiful "y woman :o v[$ et]nal *a/ity & !n1 fall+ 9 love ) a "y gallant1 became ! "m ( ?ree ( 8 *ildr5 & kill$ ea* "o soon aft] its bir?4 ,lat] 9 life %e rep5t$ & tri$ to kill h]self ) a knife b did n die2 %e !n swall[$ two poison\s spid]s#ci & /ill %e c\ld n die4 ,f9ally %e pray$ ! ,holy ,"m1 :o appe>$ to h] & ) h] own div9e h& cur$ h]4 ,! s9n] obta9$ =giv5ess by a long life ( p5ance4 ,9 ?is case ! immoral elem5t ( protect+ ! s9n] f j puni%m5t has entirely disappe>$1 = :ile ! ,virg9 %[s m]cy t[>d h] & cures h] ills--! result ( a self-impos$ p5ance--yet %e does n =give h] t]rible s94 ,all %e c d is to *ange ! =m ( ! p5ance4 ,"o ( ! phases ( ! belief ( ! "t :i* at fir/ glance seems to u today to be sacrilegi\s1 or to say ! lea/ q />tl+1 is ! "p t ! brea/s ( ! ,virg9 & h] sacr$ milk play$ 9 ! religion ( ,m$ieval ,spa94 ,9 ?is belief c be se5 h[ v real & h[ v human ! ,"m ( ,*ri/ 0 to ! p4 ,?is race1 :i* has produc$ "s ( ! greate/ my/ics ( ! _w1 to :om ev]y?+ _h a my/ical mean+1 saw 9 ! sacr$ milk ( ! ,virg9 ! symbol ( heal+ & ( life1 & ! brea/s :i* _h n\ri%$ ! ,*ri/-*ild 7 to !m ! symbol ( ! f\nta9 ( life4 ,9 ,no4 #ach ,alfonso tells h[ ,san ,juan ,boca de ,oro1 exil$ by ! ,g5tiles1 0 fir/ bl9d$ & !n put out on ! highway & told to leave ! c\ntry4 ,w&]+1 he soon fell into brambles1 :51 call+ on 8 ,rynna esp]ital0 = aid1 %e came1 re/or$ 8 sight & l$ him out into ! road aga94 ,9 ! conv]sation :i* ensu$ he ask$ h] :at 0 ! ?+ t ,jesus lov$ mo/ :5 ,he came into ! _w4 ,%e left )\t answ]+1 b appe>$ to him aga9 t night ) ! *ild ,jesus play+ ) h] brea/s4 ,turn+ to ! him %e said1 8 444 ,d' e/o se pag\ meu ,fillo mis d'l1 et con mui gran razn4 ,ca e/as tetas lo cri>on tan b5 como a sa c>ne mui nobre conu52 et por5de z am\ mis d' outra r51 porque d' e/as tetas ouu' l criaon40 ,! milk p\r$ by ! ,bless$ ,virg9 h]self f h] sacr$ brea/s cur$ an infirmity ( ! face & neck :i* _h caus$ long ye>s ( suff]+ to "o ( h] fai?ful monks 7,no4 #ed74 ,simil> to ?is is ,no4 #ic1 an acc\nt ( h[ ,god *a/5$ a man ( ,burgos ) leprosy = ?ree ye>s because ( 8 s9s4 ,aft] he _h recit$ a good ?\s& 8,ave ,m>z0 ,sa9t ,m>y at la/ took pity on him1 & ba!d him 9 h] own milk1 :i* cur$ him imm$iately4 ,& aft] all1 :5 consid]$ rev]5tly1 & 9 ! light ( ! fact t ! ,virg9 0 ! mo/ important & mo/ belov$ p]sonage 9 ! religion ( ! p]iod1 :at m beautiful & sublime symbol c\ld !re be ?an ?is6 ,possessions are con/antly be+ re/or$ ?ru ! ag5cy ( ! ,holy ,"m1 :o is nev] unm9dful ( ! ne$s ( h] *ildr51 & :o is j z quick to respond to ! ne$s ( ! ri*1 if !y are real ne$s1 z to ^? ( ! poor4 ,al?o su* s]vice is q (t5 p]=m$ 9 return = "s gift1 z indicat$ 9 ! discussion ( ,b>ga9+1#dj x is by no means limit$ to ?is4 ,(t5 ! simple fai? & e>ne/ pray] are suffici5t4 ,a c]ta9 ,don ,dom+o ( ,santa ,m>a del ,pu]to lo/ ?irty %eep 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,8 dev\t wife appeal$ to ! local ,sa9t to save !m f ! wolves4 ,?ree days lat] !y 7 f\nd surr\nd$ by wolves1 :i* in/ead ( h>m+ !m 7 gu>d+ !m f h>m 7,no4 #cih74 ,9 ! incid5t ( a woman ( ,tol$o 7,no4 #bab7 we cat* a glimpse ( "s ( ! cu/oms ( ! times z well z f9d an ent]ta9+ /ory4 ,?is woman _h ! habit ( loan+ a lovely /r+ ( pe>ls to ! poor girls ( h] acqua9tance = _! w$d+ c]emony1 because 8,en ,tol$' un co/ume que foi de longa sazon1 que qu&o y cas> qu]5 z donas que pobres son1 p$5 aas ricas donas de suas dz enton1 que possan en suas uodas mis ricas app>ec]40 ,b h] husb& = "s reason =bade h] to d s any long]4 ,soon aft] ?is ano!r poor woman came begg+ = ! pe>ls1 & because %e ask$ 89 ! "n ( ! ,virg90 ! lady c\ld n )/& ! plea & loan$ !m surreptiti\sly4 ,:ile ! girl 0 ba?+1 a s]vant /ole !m1 b note-- 8,ela deu-o a sa filla el leu\-a a bann>1 com' co/um' en ,tol$o de quantas qu]5 cas>40#da ,! bride 0 he>tbrok5 & ! lady1 v mu* griev$ b /ill m fright5$1 w5t to ! *ur* ( ! ,virg91 :]e f %e] weakness caus$ by h] anxiety %e fell asleep be=e ! alt>4 ,:ile !re /ill asleep1 ! woman :o _h /ol5 ! jewels pass$ ?ru ! *ur* ) !m hidd5 9 h] bosom4 ,! sleep+ woman awoke at t mom5t &1 miracul\sly giv5 to "k t ?is "o _h h] pe>ls1 =cibly recov]$ !m4 ,leg5ds ( necessities be+ miracul\sly suppli$ are n lack+4 ,!re is "o conc]n+ a *ur* 9 ,j]usalem built "u ! guidance ( ! ,virg9 t rem9ds u ( ! wid['s cruse ( oil4 ,! community 0 ab\t to h to leave ow+ to a sev]e fam9e4 ,z a la/ resort !y met & pray$ all night1 & :5 morn+ came !y f\nd all ! bread boxes full4 ,lat] a simil> fam9e occurr$ & aga9 !y pray$ all night1 & ?is "t !y f\nd a l>ge sum ( pure gold on ! alt>4 7,no4 #ahg74 ,miracles simil> to ! "o p]=m$ by ,jesus at ! w$d+ fea/ 9 ,canaan ( ,galilee 7,john #b3 #a-aa7 are ,nos4 #bc & #cea4 ,! fir/ is ! simple /ory ( a woman :o 0 out ( w9e :5 ! ,k+ came to visit h]1 s %e ask$ ! ,virg9 to help h] 9 h] p]plexity1 & imm$iately ! w9e casks 9 ! cell> 7 fill$4 ,! second1 on a l>g] scale & ) an elem5t ( humor1 ma9ta9s t at ! great annual fea/ 9 honor ( ! ,virg5 de ,ago/o "o ye> a great hog%ead ( w9e 0 suppli$ = ! public1 b1 sad to relate1 x did n la/ long4 ,aft] x became exhau/$ ! cr[d 0 sl[ to g away & someone sugge/$ t !y look aga9 to see :e!r x 0 entirely empty4 ,to _! surprise !y f\nd x 0 full ( miracul\s w9e suppli$ by ! ,sa9t1 & x _h ! quality n only ( delight+ ^? :o p>took ( x b also ( cur+ ills4 ,al?o su* b5efits & protection are usually be/[$ only ^u ,*ri/ians1 & m especially ^u ^? :o are p>ticul>ly devot$ to ! ,"m ( ,*ri/1 occasionally %e w he> ! reque/s ( ^? :o belong to ano!r fai? provid$ !y are ready to accept ,*ri/ianity4 ,a vagrant ,jewess 0 ca/ f a high rock 9 puni%m5t = h] misconduct1 b1 on appeal+ to ! ,virg91 %e fell h>mlessly beside a fig tree4 ,9 gratitude %e 0 baptis$ & rema9$ con/ant to ! fai? ?ru life 7,no4 #ajg74 ,! ,virg9's m]cy 0 also great en\gh to re/ore life to ! *ild ( a ,moori% woman :o1 because %e _h he>d ( ! miracul\s p[] ( ,santa ,m>a de ,salas1 took ! dead body ( h] little "o to ! %r9e4 ,aft] ! "m _h rema9$ !re all night 9 pray] ! *ild 0 br\ght back to life al?o x _h be5 dead ?ree days 7,no4 #afg74 ,!re is ano!r small gr\p ( miracles record$ 9 :i* ! response is n to pray]s b to ?reats--cases 9 :i* ! believ] loses control ( himself & defies bo? ,god & man4 ,no reason is giv5 :y ! ?reats are effective aft] pray]s & reque/s h be5 ( no avail4 ,does x imply t ! ,holy ,"m 0 to !m su* a human p]sonality t1 l an e>?ly "l1 %e might be susceptible to fe>8 ,"o case 9 po9t 7,no4 #gf7 is t ( a dev\t woman1 ! "m ( a crim9al1 :o became desp]ate :5 h] son 0 hang$4 ,snat*+ ! =m ( ! *ild ,jesus f ! arms ( ! image 9 ! *ur* %e ?reat5$ to keep x z a ho/age4 ,! ,virg9 became m]ciful--7or fe>ful7--& br\ght f ! o!r _w to ! di/ract$ "m h] crim9al son1 :o1 n[ truly p5it5t1 reprim&s 8 "m = h] sacrilegi\s act4 ,s greatly 0 %e impress$ by ! exp]i5ce t %e became a nun4 ,! mo/ surpris+ miracle ( ! entire collection s f> z ! behavior ( ,sa9t ,m>y is conc]n$ & h] %[ ( fe> is ! foll[+1 f :i* ,i %all quote freely4 ,! "y son ( a b>on fell ) 8 horse f a high bridge4 ,! fa!r saw ! accid5t & cri$ out al\d to ! ,virg93 8,diz5d' a mui gr&es uozes3 #8,ual-me1 ,rynna ,s5nor4' ,enton a ,vrg5 beita que seu fillo ,saluador tijnna ontre seus braos1 ouue da uoz tal pauor como qu&o ,rei ,h]odes lle quis seu fillo mat>4 ,e m&\ a esses santos que o foss5 acorr]1 que y e/auan1 et ela foi o seu ,fill' ascond]1 con m$o d'aquel braado1 que o non podes' au] ,rei ,h]odes2 et por5de foi logo pass> o m>4 ,d'e/a guisa con seu ,fillo fugi a ,j]ussalem#db a ,urg5 ,santa ,m>a1 et gu>i ac mui b5 o m5ynn' e o caualo que se non f]ron r53 et o padr'1 a b\c' ab]ta1 fill\-see ,deus a lo>40 7,no4 #ccg74 ,?is is ! fir/ & only ref]5ce ,i h f\nd to ?is peculi> fe> on ! "p ( ! ,virg94 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,miracles ,,p]=m$ ,,volunt>ily ,,by ,,! ,,virg9 ,al?o at times ?is /udy ( ,miracles may h ! appe>ance ( an exam9ation ( ! "* ( ! ,virg91 :i* inde$ x is 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 nev]!less x is su* only 9 ord] t we may1 by /udy+ h] acts z record$ 9 ^! miracles1 come to a bett] und]/&+ ( :at 0 consid]$ sup]natural 9 t p]iod & :at 0 n4 ,p]haps x w help 9 arriv+ at ?is result if1 be=e beg9n+ ! /udy ( ! next gr\p1 we /op at ?is po9t to see :at 0 ,alfonso's own judicial def9ition ( 8miraglo01 z ! t]m is us$ 9 8 ,siete ,p>tidas4#dc ,x reads z foll[s3 8,miraglo tanto qui]e decir como obra de ,dios m>avillosa que es sobre la natura usada de cada dia3 et por ende acaesce pocas veces4 ,et p>a s] t5ido por v]dad]o ha m5e/] que haya en l quatro cosas3 la prim]a que v5ga por pod] de ,dios et non por arte3 la segunda que el miraglo sea contra natura1 ca de otra guisa non se m>avill>i5 los homes dl3 la t]c]a que v5ga por m]escimi5to de santidad et de bondat que haya en s aquel por qui5 ,dios lo face3 la qu>ta que aquel miraglo acaesca sobre cosa que sea confirmami5to de la fe40#dd ,next 9 ext5t aft] ! gr\p ( miracles p]=m$ 9 answ] to direct appeal is t 9 :i* ,santa ,m>a comes to ! aid ( h] foll[]s volunt>ily1 ow+1 p]haps indirectly1 to _! pray]s1 b if s ?is is n s /at$ & ! dom9at+ ?\ght is n t ! act 0 9 answ] to pray] b r x is to emphasize ! k9dness1 c>e & et]nal vigilance %e ev] has = ^? :o h comm5d$ !mselves to h] keep+4 ,9 our /udy ( ?is division we %all foll[ ! same classification z we did 9 ! la/1 b %all cite examples only 9 cases :]e !y diff] mat]ially 9 "o p>ticul> or ano!r f ^? m5tion$ above4 ,al?o ! actual numb] ( miracles is less1 "h div9e aid is manife/$ 9 an ev5 great] v>iety ( ways4 ,^! new elem5ts w be consid]$ "u additional appropriate head+s beg9n+ on page #fe4 ,on ! :ole ! g5]al tone ( ! miracles is ! same1 & sometimes x seems z ?o ! poet m]ely =got1 or p]haps x 0 n conv5i5t = him1 to "w into 8 v]se ! /atem5t t a giv5 case 0 "o ( direct answ] to pray]4 ,at o!r times1 h[ev]1 x seems t ! pray] 0 answ]$ 9 a mann] entirely unlook$ =1 or aga9 t ! miracle 0 p]=m$ )\t supplication :atev] on ! "p ( ! recipi5t4 ,beg9n+ aga9 ) ! gr\p compos$ ( ! greate/ ( all miracles1 ! re/oration ( life1 x is notic$ t "h in/ead ( be+ 9 response to a direct appeal on ! "p ( "s fai?ful s]vant1 ! miracle seems to be p]=m$ z a rew>d1 )\t ! b]eav$ p]son hav+ ?\ght su* a ?+ possible4 ,! fact t ! s\l ( ! p]son ^: life is ?us re/or$ may be br\ght back f ! regions ( et]nal happ9ess seems ( m9or importance4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ^! miracles is said to h tak5 place 9 8,+lat]ra40 ,a wid[ _h a "y son :o sang1 z no "o else c\ld1 ! 8,gaude ,virgo ,m>a04 ,a jeal\s ,jew kill$ him & put 8 body 9 a cell>1 ?9k+ t w\ld be ! end ( x4 ,! "m1 n kn[+ :at _h become ( h] son1 w5t ?ru ! /reet call+ 8,:]e are y80 ,z %e pass$ ! h\se ( ! ,jew %e 0 answ]$ by h] resurrect$ *ild s++ m beautifully ?an ev] 8,gaude ,m>a04 ,! ,jew 0 put to dea? = 8 crime 7,no4 #f74 ,! new elem5t ( tempor>y re/oration is f\nd 9 ,no4 #caa4 ,a pi\s man & 8 fri5d set out on a pilgrimage to ,nue/ra ,seora de ,mons]rat4 ,8 fri5d does n seem to be v well confirm$ 9 ! fai?1 & :51 z !y are pass+ ?ru ,b>celona1 a fla% ( lightn+ kills 8 dev\t companion1 he curses ! ,virg9 & taunts 8 dead fell[ pilgrim ) ! wor?lessness ( 8 devotion4 ,! next day at ! burial ! dead man rises 9 8 c(f9 & v9dicates 8 fai? by say+ t all is well n[4 ,! ,virg9 plays an ev5 m important "p 9 ! miracle 7,no4 #cbc7 :i* happ5$ :5 ,ab5 ,yussef cross$ ! /raits ( ,algeciras & made damag+ raids into ! t]ritory ( ,seville4 ,a poor man's only son di$1 &1 z ! ,moors 7 already 9 sight1 all ! fa!r c\ld d 0 to comm5d ! body & 8 worldly possessions to ! ,bless$ ,"m z he ha/ily fl$ be=e ! enemy4 ,:5 ! l& 0 recaptur$ ! old man1 to 8 great a/oni%m5t1 f\nd 8 son alive & all 8 possessions safe4 ,! boy told him t a lady _h come to accompany him & = "s reason ! ,moors _h respect$ h]4 ,v close ak9 to ^! are ^? ( life miracul\sly su/a9$ :5 accord+ to all laws ( nature dea? 0 inevitable1 z 0 ! case 7,no4 #aca7 :5 ,emp]or ,alexius ( ,con/ant9ople1 :ile on a t\r ( inspection1 0 imprison$ 9 a cav+ m9e along ) _m work]s4 ,all 7 kill$ except ! emp]or :o 0 sav$ by a l>ge rock :i* =m$ a protection = him4 ,! empress & all at c\rt gave him up = lo/ & sp5t mu* "t 9 ,masses = 8 s\l4 ,at ! end ( "o ye> ! ,patri>* ( ! city dream$ ! emp]or 0 /ill alive & imm$iately took workm5 & _h ! m9e op5$4 ,!reupon !y f\nd ! emp]or unh>m$ & le>n$ t he _h be5 f$ & solac$ by angels dur+ ! entire int]val4 ,ev5 m dramatic is ! exp]i5ce ( a ,g]man & 8 son on a pilgrimage to ! %r9e ( ,santiago1 :o :ile lodg+ 9 ! h\se ( a h]etic fall victims unaw>es to ! old trick ( hav+ silv] put 9 ! boy's bag 9 ord] to accuse him ( !ft4 ,! boy is hang$1 & ! he>t-brok5 fa!r1 /ill fai?ful1 cont9ues on 8 way & fulfills 8 v[4 ,on 8 return he is impell$ to pass by ! gall[s4 ,to 8 surprise he f9ds 8 son /ill alive1 hav+ be5 su/a9$ by ! ,virg9 = ?ree mon?s4 ,ha/5+ to ! bailiff1 ! fa!r secures ! release ( 8 boy & has ! h]etic duly burn$ 7,no4 #age74 ,!re are no new elem5ts pres5t$ 9 ! v>i\s miracles 9 ?is gr\p deal+ ) ! cur+ ( bodily ailm5ts1 beyond ^? already indict$ on page #ce4 ,no #bjf h[ev] describes ! int]e/+ spectacle ( ,pope ,leo1 v dev\t & au/]e1 :o became s mu* p]turb$ at be+ kiss$ on ! h& by a beautiful woman at ,mass t he c\ld n =get ! s5sation nor conc5trate on 8 "w until he _h 8 h& cut (f4 ,?is did n give him peace because he 0 no long] qualifi$ to say ,mass4 ,! ,virg91 see+ 8 grief & hav+ m]cy on him1 desc5d$ f heav5 & appli$ a m>vel\s o9tm5t to ! /ump ) ! result t ! h& 0 re/or$4 ,9 ! me?ods by :i* ! ,bless$ ,"m prev5ts h>m f befall+ h] devotees !re is no?+ new4 ,! only diff]5ce be+ t "h ! act is p]=m$ m z ?o x 7 ! rew>d = fai?ful s]vice :ile previ\sly x 0 9 answ] to pray]4 ,z is to be expect$ ! idea ( b>ga9+ is almo/ entirely abs5t f ?is gr\p4 ,! b>ga9 idea f\nd its bir? on ! "p ( man & n ( ! ,deity4 ,"o leg5d only 9 ! entire collection repres5ts ! ,virg9 z tak+ ! initiative 9 a b>ga9 7,no4 #cjg74 ,?is is :5 %e appe>s to a virtu\s man aft] an eruption ( ,m\nt ,etna :i* _h caus$ great damage & _h la/$ =ty days4 ,%e told him if he want$ ! eruption to cease to compose a hymn to h]4 ,?is he did ) ! desir$ effect4 ,! numb] ( ! unmoral1 9 fact 9 "s cases di/9ctly immoral1 miracles "h is great] ?an be=e4 ,we mu/ n =get1 h[ev]1 t1 z m5tion$ above1 (t5 !re 0 no v close connection betwe5 religi\s obs]vances & morals 9 ,m$ieval ,europe4 ,on "o occasion 7,no4 #bd7 we are told t a v wick$ man1 a robb] & a gambl]1 di$ & 0 refus$ a ,*ri/ian burial1 b dur+ 8 life he _h be5 devot$ to ! ,virg91 s %e appe>$ to ! prie/ & dem&$ t 8 body be tak5 up & buri$ 9 sacr$ gr\nd4 ,:5 !y op5$ ! grave !y f\nd a rose 9 ! m\? ( ! corpse#de4 ,no4 #aa is ! /ory ( a lic5ti\s monk :o 0 dr[n$ "o night :ile cross+ a riv] on ! way to visit 8 am\r4 ,! ,devil appe>$ = 8 s\l b two angels conte/$ 8 claim4 ,he conv9c$ !m ( 8 "r & !y 7 ab\t to retire :5 ! ,virg9 arriv$1 r\t$ ! ,devil1 & ord]$ ! s\l to return to ! body 9 ord] t ! monk might rep5t & d p5ance4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 x w be not$1 ! s\l is simply re/or$ to ! body & giv5 ano!r *ance1 :ile 9 ,no4 #bd above1 ! indication is t ! s\l ( ! evil do] is sav$4 ,!n !re are five q simil>1 ,nos4 #ee1 #eh1 #ei1 #id & #bhe1 ?o ! moral lesson diff]s some:at4 ,9 ! fir/ a "y nun elopes ) a monk to ,lisbon :]e :5 %e f9ds h]self ab\t to become a "m %e is cruelly des]t$4 ,n kn[+ :at else to d %e returns p5it5t to ! conv5t4 ,angels att5d h] at ! bir? ( ! son dur+ ! night & no "o suspects h]4 ,none _h miss$ h] dur+ ! abs5ce because ! ,virg9 _h tak5 h] place & x is n until "o day 9 h] old age :5 h] son1 n[ a h&some "y man1 appe>s 9 ! *oir s++ 8,salve ,reg9a0 t all is discov]$ because ! wor?y nun recognizes him publicly4 ,no4 #id is app>5tly ! same leg5d m fully develop$4 ,! nun1 ! treasur] ( ! conv5t1 falls 9 love ) a knight & on leav+ ! conv5t gives ! keys into ! keep+ ( ! ,virg94 ,%e & h] husb& live toge!r happily = ye>s1 be+ bless$ ) _m *ildr51 & x is only 9 lat] ye>s t %e rep5ts & returns to ! conv5t1 confess+ all4 ,to h] a/oni%m5t1 %e f\nd t ! ,virg9 _h tak5 h] place dur+ h] abs5ce & no "o _h ev] kn[n ! diff]5ce4 ,:5 x is le>n$ t ! ,bless$ ,"m _h p]=m$ su* an act ( k9dness1 all bur/ into a hymn ( praise to h]4 ,9 ,no4 #bhe we h ! same sett+ ( a "y nun fall+ 9 love1 ?is "t ) ! nephew ( ! abbess1 b ! actions ( ! ,virg9 are q diff]5t4 ,on ! fir/ attempt to leave ! conv5t ,sa9t ,m>y /opp$ h]4 ,! next day %e s5t ^w to h] lov] t %e _h fail$ to keep h] appo9tm5t because %e _h be5 ill b promis$ to meet him ! next night1 :i* %e did1 & ! two made _! escape successfully4 ,!y m>ri$ & _h *ildr5 b ev5 !n %e 0 n able to get away f ! ,holy ,"m1 :o appe>$ to h] 9 a dream & sev]ely reprim&$ h]4 ,?is 0 too mu*4 ,%e at la/ told h] husb& & 9 rep5tance !y bo? decid$ to ent] ! mona/ic life4 ,9 ?is leg5d ! immoral elem5t has disappe>$1 ! ,virg9 no long] protect+ ! guilty4 ,no4 #ei is /ill ano!r /ory ) ! same !me1 b ! puni%m5t is /ill m sev]e4 ,z ! "y girl 0 ab\t to dep>t %e w5t to take leave ( ! ,sa9t4 ,at ! p>t+ h] image began to %$ te>s4 ,! girl !n drew ne> ! crucifix1 :i*1 loos+ "o ( its h&s f ! cross1 /ruck h] 9 ! face1 leav+ ! m>k ( ! nail z a /igma4 ,9 ,no4 #eh ! girl conc]n$ 0 ab\t to elope1 b two dreams ( ,hell & ( et]nal puni%m5t 7 suffici5t to make ! h]o9e s5d = h] lov] & tell him t _! union w\ld be impossible4 ,( ! ?ree in/ances 9 :i* ! sacr$ brea/ or milk ( ! ,virg9 play a "p1 all involve an answ] to direct appeals4 ,see page #de4 ,:ile !re is only "o acc\nt ( possessions be+ re/or$ )\t reque/ 7,no4 #bbh1 :i* conta9s no new elem5ts7 !re are sev]al :i* tell ( r>e mat]ials1 or ( mat]ials delay$ by /orms at sea1 etc41 be+ miracul\sly suppli$2 or p]haps1 z 9 ! case ( ,emp]or ,con/ant9e 7,no4 #bca71 ,santa ,m>a w\ld help 9 ! erection ( build+s4 ,! emp]or _h br\ght huge blocks ( m>ble f ,r\mania = ! alt> & columns ( a *ur* to be d$icat$ to h]4 ,:5 !y arriv$ !y 7 s l>ge no means c\ld be f\nd to hoi/ !m into position4 ,at la/ %e appe>$ to ! ar*itect & told him to d away ) all app>atus & use only ?ree small boys to d ! "w4 ,he did z he 0 bidd5 & !y plac$ ! blocks 9 position ) ease4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 d n give u z intimate a picture ( ! life ( ! common p z d o!r acc\nts1 su* z ,no4 #bgc4 ,9 x we get a glimpse ( ! privations ( ! home life ( ! peasants & at ! same "t an idea ( _! innate pride 9 _! local *ur*4 ,at ,ayamonte !re 0 a small & poor *ur* erect$ to ,santa ,m>a b 9 spite ( ! pov]ty ( its communicants ! alt> decorations 7 ri*4 ,s great 7 _! privations t ev5 ! ,ho/ 0 sc>ce4 ,at ! fea/ ( ! ,virg5 de ,ago/o "s ( ! alt> clo?s ne$$ m5d+ & "o ( ! dev\t m5 ( ! congregation (f]$ to d x4 ,he _h a ne$le b no ?read1 & no "o c\ld provide him ) x4 ,:ile be=e ! alt> consid]+ :at he %\ld d1 he glanc$ up & saw two ?reads on 8 %\ld] obvi\sly suppli$ by ! ,sa9t4 ,x is 9 su* app>5tly incid5tal allusions z ?is--& ! "o1 ,no4 #baa1 :]e bees come into ! *ur* ( _! own accord & supply ! wax = ! c&les because ! congregation c\ld n furni% any--t we c1 f "t to "t1 =m an idea ( h[ 8! o!r half10 :i* did n consi/ ( knights & nobles1 really liv$4 ,foll[+ ! same ord] z 9 ! fir/ gr\p we n[ come to ^? acc\nts 9 :i* ! ,virg9 comes to ! aid ( ! enemies ( ! fai?4 ,q mod]n 9 tone is ! /ory 7,no4 #cce7 ( a poor man :o1 al?o entirely ignorant ( ,*ri/ianity & its tea*+s1 gave ev5 ! little he _h to ! poor4 ,! ,holy ,"m1 kn[+ ( 8 goodness1 appe>$ to him z a poor woman ) h] *ild 9 h] arms & ask$ him = a morsel ( bread4 ,fe>+ he _h none he w5t1 nev]!less1 to see if he c\ld n scrape out j a little m fl\r f ! b>rel4 ,:5 he return$ ) ! la/ ( 8 fl\r made into bread = h]1 %e _h gone4 ,he made inquiry ?ru\t ! neighborhood describ+ h]1 & 0 f9ally advis$ to g & inquire ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,!re he recogniz$ ! ,virg9 & ,*ild f h] image & became a ,*ri/ian4 ,f ! day %e appe>$ to him ! fl\r nev] fail$ 9 ! b94 ,n only 0 m]cy ext5d$ to ^? good at he>t & liv+ model lives & to ^? :o did n believe simply because ( ignorance1 b opportunities = proselyt+ 7 quickly tak5 advantage (4 ,a c]ta9 ,jewess1 7,no4 #hi7 dang]\sly ill at *ildbir?1 0 ab\t to despair4 ,naturally %e did n believe 9 ! ,virg9 b %e he>d a my/]i\s voice bidd+ h] call on ,santa ,m>a1 :i* %e did4 ,:5 ^? att5d+ h] he>d ?is awful "n !y fl$1 call+ h] a h]etic & a r5egade1 b %e 0 cur$4 ,! "m & *ild bo? became ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,bless$ ,"m1 h[ev]1 knew mank9d & did n use ! same me?od ) e "o4 ,) "s1 m p]suasion 0 necess>y ?an ) o!rs1 & s :5 deal+ ) "o h>d5$ ,jew1 :o _h be5 robb$ & beat5 by ,*ri/ians & 0 /ill be+ kept on a diet ( bread & wat] 9 ! hope ( extort+ ev5 m f him1 x 0 n en\gh t %e %\ld m]ely appe> to him & bid him =sake 8 religion2 %e tells him t al?o he is ( ! evil race %e w %[ him :at 8 p h miss$4 ,) t %e takes him f prison to a high m\nta9 :]e %e %[s him h[ ! ,jews are be+ tortur$ & !n to ano!r f :]e he c see ! ,*ri/ians surr\nd$ ) angels1 & !nce to a mona/]y1 :]e1 tak+ ! h9t1 he gladly becomes a ,*ri/ian 7,no4 #he74df ,! ,*ri/ians !mselves us$ r p]suasive me?ods ( proselyt+ at times if we may tru/ ! acc\nt ( a ,*ri/ian ( ,consuegra :o disput$ mu* ) a ,moori% captive ( 8 conc]n+ ! ,virg94 ,:5 he c\ld n make ! man believe by argu+ he put him 9 prison1 :]e 8 ef=ts 7 supplem5t$ by ! int]v5tion ( sup]natural be+s4 ,! ,devil torm5t$ him = two nights & on ! ?ird ! ,virg9 appe>$ to him & told him if he wi%$ to be free f ! ,devil he w\ld h to =sake ! 8dog0 ,mohamm$4 ,he told ?is vision to 8 ma/]1 0 baptis$1 & f t "t on 0 a fai?ful believ] 7,no4 #aib74 ,9 ano!r 7,no4 #bje7 we aga9 f9d bo? human & div9e p]sons int]e/$ 9 ! unbeliev]1 b ?is "t x is physical safety !y are conc]n$ ab\t4 ,! miracle 0 witness$ by two nobles m5tion$ by "n1 ,don ,alfonso ,tellez & ,don ,gonzalo ,eanes1 ,mae/re de ,cala1 & _! foll[]s4 ,!y 7 attack+ a ,moori% ca/le & _h set fire to x4 ,on "o ( ! t[]s !y saw a ,moori% woman ) h] *ild :o by h] pose rem9d$ !m ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild4 ,! sight fill$ !m ) pity & inspir$ !m to pray = ! safety ( ! two4 ,9 answ] ! flames respect$ !m1 :ile ! t[] fell g5tly to ! gr\nd1 all[+ !m alone ( all ^? 9 ! ca/le to escape unh>m$4 ,! "m out ( gratitude ask$ = baptism = h]self & h] *ild4 ,aft] exam9+ ^! classes1 :i* co9cide m or less ) simil> ones ( ! fir/ gr\p1 !re /ill rema9 a numb] ( o!r miracles :i* pres5t entirely new elem5ts4 ,fir/ we %all exam9e ^? 9 :i* ,sa9t ,m>y aids h] devotees 9 acts ( wor%ip or 9 re/ra9+ evil passions :i* prev5t _! undivid$ s]vice4 ,a p]son s9c]ely try+ to d 8 religi\s duty c\ld always c\nt ^u aid f heav5 :5 8 temptations 7 becom+ too great = him or :5 worldly c>es caus$ him tempor>ily to neglect 8 regul> wor%ip4 ,a v dev\t woman 7,no4 #bdf7 us$ to pray e ,saturday ev5+ at ! %r9e ( ,santa ,m>a de ,mrtires4 ,once %e =got1 ow+ to h\sehold duties1 until v late4 ,on h] arrival1 al?o ! *ur* doors 7 already clos$ !y op5$ ( _! own accord1 aft] %e _h begun h] devotions be=e ! portal4 ,%e ent]$ & deposit$ h] gift1 & z %e left ! doors clos$ ( !mselves4 ,a/oni%$1 %e return$ to ! city :]e ! clos$ gates ( ! wall op5$ )\t ! t\* ( a human h&4 ,j !n a beautiful woman appe>$ & :5 ! peasant ask$ h] :o %e 0 %e ackn[l$g$ h]self to be ! ,virg94 ,! poor wret* tri$ to kiss h] feet1 b z %e did s ! ,holy ,"o disappe>$4 ,aga91 we le>n 7,no4 #aef7 ( a cl]k :o p]si/$ 9 *ant+ ,mass 9 honor ( ! ,virg91 !reby ang]+ "s h]etics :o cut out 8 tongue4 ,"s "t lat] ! good man ent]$ ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>a de ,cunnegro :ile ! congregation 7 s++ vesp]s4 ,z he attempt$ to jo9 9 ! song a new tongue 0 giv5 him4#dg ,( ! num]\s leg5ds hav+ z ! dom9ant !me ! inability ( ! p]son conc]n$ to re/ra9 8 animal passions ! be/ develop$ is ! /ory ( ! cl]k :o 0 mu* giv5 to wom54 ,"o night :ile 9 ! room ) "o he sudd5ly saw ?ru ! w9d[ ! lights ( a *ur* ( ! ,virg94 ,nev] hav+ se5 !m !re be=e he left to inve/igate1 b f9d+ no?+ return$4 ,?is "t ! woman h]self clos$ ! w9d[ fa/ b almo/ imm$iately a /rong gu/ ( w9d blew x op51 & aga9 ! *ur* 0 se54 ,) ?is he recogniz$ 8 error1 rep5t$1 & became a monk4 ,a little lat]1 :5 8 =m] conduct 0 criticiz$ & he 0 br\ght to acc\nt = x be=e ! *ur* c\ncil1 ! ,virg9 cle>$ him ( all *>ges 7,no4 #aea74 ,x w be not$ t (t5 9 ! =ego+ miracles1 & (t5 9 ^? t are to foll[1 ! ,virg9 appe>s 9 dreams or visions1 b ! feature ( ! vision has usually be5 only incid5tal4 ,9 all we h only two examples 7,nos4 #bfa & #bhh7 ( a true my/ical vision grant$ = ! sake ( ! exp]i5ce alone4 ,"o ( ^! 7,no4 #bfa7 rec\nts h[ a v dev\t woman 0 desir\s ( see+ a p]fectly virtu\s man & woman4 ,communicat+ h] desire to ! prie/1 he told h] to return home & to rema9 alone 9 fa/+ & pray]4 ,?is %e did & aft] n9e days %e saw a bright light foll[$ by ^? :o said !y 7 sa9ts4 ,^! 9 turn 7 foll[$ by ! ,virg9 & h] ,son4 ,^u see+ !m %e _h no fur!r desire to live & pray$ to be tak5 ) !m1 :i* reque/ 0 grant$4 ,:5 ! prie/ 0 told ( h] dea?1 & und]took to prep>e h] body = burial1 he f\nd x giv+ (f an odor m delicate & pleas+ to ! s5ses ?an ! p]fumes ( ! ,ori5t4 ,! usual purpose ( ! vision is to give comm&s1 or to /r5g!n ! weakhe>t$ or disc\rag$4#dh ,!re are "o or two acc\nts1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ! vision itself is enl>g$ ^u & ! cure or comm& or lesson1 z ! case may be1 s9ks into m9or importance4 ,! sc5e is t ( a deeply griev$ "m sitt+ beside ! b$ ( h] v religi\s son1 a deaf mute1 :o 0 dy+ ( a s]i\s illness4 ,8 "m saw him sudd5ly rise up 9 8 b$ & beg9 to talk to "s p]son unse5 & unhe>d by h]4 ,x 0 ! ,bless$ ,"m :o _h visit$ him 9 a vision & heal$ him 7,no4 #bfi74 ,at o!r times ! vision seems to be a k9d ( clairvoyance ?ru :i* ! recipi5t sees :at is happ5+ at a di/ant place at t v mom5t4 ,9 relat+ "o ( 8 own exp]i5ces ,alfonso decl>es 7,no4 #cde7 t :5 ,d4 ,nuo de ,l>a ab&on$ ,jrez1 9 spite ( ! fact t re5=cem5ts _h be5 s5t him1 ! ,moors ent]$1 de/roy$ ! *apel1 & tri$ to burn ! image ( ! ,virg9 b c\ld n4 ,at t p>ticul> "t bo? ! k+ & ! que5 7 tak+ _! sie/a at ,seville & ea* dream$ ( ! ,virg9 & h] ,*ild flee+ f ! burn+ *apel ( ,jrez4 ,on awak+ !y le>n$ ( ! disa/] & ha/5$ to retake ! city1 aft] :i* ! royal c\ple1 toge!r ) _! *ildr51 re/or$ ! *ur*4 ,simil> to ?is 9 s f> z ! "* ( ! vision is conc]n$ ?o 9 an entirely diff]5t sett+ is ,no #ae 9 :i* ,emp]or ,julian 0 ! victim4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> case we are pres5t$ ) two v]sions ( ! leg5d--"o 9 ,las ,cantigas1 orig9ally told suppos$ly by an eye witness ( ! ev5ts z !y happ5$ at ! tomb ( ! sa9t1 & ! o!r 9 ! ,prim]a ,crnica ,g5]al4 ,9 brief !y are z foll[3 7,v]sion accord+ to ,las ,cantigas1 ,no4 #ae7 ,emp]or ,julian _h to pass ?ru ,caes>ea1 :]e1 ang]$ by ,san ,basilio1 he promis$ to return & de/roy ! city aft] ! conque/ ( ,p]sia4 ,aft] mu* pray] & fa/+ by ! entire city ,san ,basilio _h a vision 9 :i* he saw ! ,virg9 appe> & ord] ,san ,m]curio1 ^: tomb & armor 7 9 t *ur*1 to av5ge h] & h] son ( ! evil emp]or4 ,^u awak+ an excit$ fell[ prie/ ha/5$ to report t ! arms ( ,san ,m]curio _h disappe>$4 ,san ,basilio !n call$ toge!r ! p to tell !m ! news & toge!r !y w5t to exam9e ! tomb4 ,to _! surprise ! arms 7 aga9 9 _! place r$ ) blood4 ,:ile !y 7 /ill gaz+1 a/oni%$1 at ! bloody weapons1 ,libano de ,sur ru%$ 9 & confirm$ ! news ( ! emp]or's dea?4 7,v]sion 9 ! ,prim]a ,crnica ,g5]al1 p4 #bja7 ,emp]or ,julian1 on sett+ out to conqu] ,p]sia1 promis$ to sacrifice to 8 gods if !y w\ld give him victory all ! ,*ri/ians1 especially all ! bi%ops1 he %\ld f9d4 ,z he 0 return+ victori\sly f ! ,ea/ he 0 ab\t to lose _m ( 8 ho/ ?ru lack ( wat]4 ,aga9/ ! advice ( 8 c\nselors he took z a guide "o ( ! m5 ( ! c\ntry &1 unaccompani$1 w5t ) him 9 se>* ( wat]4 ,sudd5ly a /range knight appe>$ be=e ! two1 kill$ ! emp]or & in/antly disappe>$4 ,z he expir$ ! emp]or took "s ( 8 blood 9 8 h& & ?r[+ x heav5w>d z ?o ?r[+ x 9 ! face ( someone cri$ out 8,ya u5ci/e1 ,galileo1 ya u5ci/e40 7,he always ref]r$ to ,jesus z ,galileo74 ,! compil]s add t "s hi/ories say ! emp]or 0 kill$ by "o ( ! enemy knights b 9 reality x 0 ,san ,m]curio1 = 9 ! *ur* :]e 8 body lay x 0 notic$ t 8 %ield & sword disappe>$ t v day & h\r & t !y 7 back 9 place ! next day /a9$ ) blood4 ,because ( ?is x 0 kn[n t ! /range knight 0 none o!r ?an ,san ,m]curio :o _h kill$ ! great enemy ( ! fai?4 ,9 ?is la/ v]sion ! vision motif is entirely lack+4 ,at o!r times ! vision takes on a k9d ( symbolic or my/ic feature1 its purpose be+ to /r5g!n ! fai? ( ! "o conc]n$4 ,"o 9 :i* ! acts ( ,sa9t ,m>y a/oni% u is t exp]i5c$ by "s nuns commission$ by a religi\s & dev\t k+ 7probably ,alfonso himself al?o he 0 too mode/ to say s7 to pray = him4 ,!y saw ! ,virg9 call+ = ! k+ on ,ea/] morn+1 say+ %e w\ld grant any?+ he ask$ if he w\ld come4 ,he ent]$ ! *ur* & z he did s ! image kneel$ be=e him & kiss$ 8 h&4 ,he imm$iately fell on 8 face 9 humility4 ,%e1 ?ru h] image1 bade him rise =1 %e said1 8,y h always honor$ me & my ,son & :5 y die y w come to u40 ,aft] witness+ su* magnanim\s acts ! vision pass$ & ! nuns ha/5$ to tell ! k+ :at !y _h se54 ,he 0 dev\t be=e1 b ?is greatly increas$ 8 devotion 7,no4 #bie74 ,! l9e betwe5 exp]i5ces hav+ ! my/ical elem5t usually consid]$ ess5tial 9 visions prop]1 or 9 dream-visions1 & ^? exp]i5ces :i* "s few p]sons und]go :ile 9 full control ( all _! faculties is s f9e z to be at times almo/ undi/+ui%able4 ,! foll[+ 7,no4 #cfe7 has1 inde$1 all ! m>ks ( a vision b on ! o!r h& ! fri> manife/s none ( ^? emotions usually suppos$ to accompany su* cases4 ,?is cl]k1 contam9at$ ) ! ,albig5si5 h]esy1 did n believe 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l & !re=e 0 ab\t to flee f ! conv5t to a life ( pleasure1 :5 he saw ! ,virg9 desc5d f heav5 ) a ho/ ( angels & return ) ! s\l ( a poor1 humble1 b believ+ man4 ,?is conv9c$ him ( 8 error & he pass$ ! re/ ( 8 life 9 ! conv5t full ( holy hope4 ,! rle ( a sa9t :o admoni%es & w>ns is q common = ! ,bless$ ,"m4 ,%e is inde$ 9 _m respects l a "m :o c>efully wat*es ov] h] *ildr51 ready to (f] a ^w ( com=t "h or "o ( criticism !re4 ,j l a s*ool boy :o tires ( 8 task & is ready to flee be=e its completion 0 a fri> ( ,burgos :o began a g>m5t ( pray]s = ! ,virg91 b 0 p]suad$ by ! ,devil to leave ! mona/ic life ) 8 task half f9i%$4 ,%e1 h[ev]1 appe>$ to him hold+ 9 h] h& a dress f> too %ort1 & told him to return & f9i% ! "w1 add+ t %e want$ him1 too1 = he 0 go+ to die )9 "o ye>1 b t %e w\ld come aga9 be=e ! f9al day4 #cfd days lat] %e did return & he di$ on ! day foll[+ 7,no4 #bgd7di4 ,ano!r picture1 s v human & s *ild-l1 is t ( a doctor :o became a fri>1 b1 n lik+ ! poor food1 compla9$ consid]ably4 ,to cure him ( ?is ! ,virg9 appe>$ ) a di% ( delici\s food &1 treat+ ! :ole community z s _m *ildr51 gave "s to ea* "o except ! compla9+ cl]k4 ,he ackn[l$g$ & accept$ ! lesson 7,no4 #hh74 ,v>i\s me?ods besides t ( ! vision are employ$ to w>n ! del9qu5t4 ,^! c be be/ illu/rat$ by giv+ a brief rsum ( ?ree miracles :i* ne$ no comm5t4 ,a gambl]1 los+ heavily 7,no4 #aed7 curses ,god & ! ,virg9 & 9 defiance ( _! p[] picks up a b[ & %oots an arr[ into ! sky1 %\t+ 8,d'aque/a uegada ou a ,deus ou a sa ,madre d>ei mui gran saetada04 ,hav+ ?us giv5 v5t to 8 feel+s he returns to play4 ,a few mom5ts lat] ! arr[1 wet ) blood1 falls on ! table ar\nd :i* !y are seat$4 ,?9k+ someone has be5 w\nd$1 ea* ha/ily exam9es himself4 ,:5 ea* is f\nd :ole ! true significance dawns on !m & !y become t]rifi$ inde$4 ,s great is ! effect t ! blasphem] rep5ts & ent]s an au/]e ord]--&1 x is said1 ga9$ heav54 ,9 ,no4 #aif a g5tile#ej prie/ :o hat$ ev]y?+ connect$ ) ,*ri/ianity prep>$ a mold = an image :i* he expect$ w\ld answ] all 8 que/ions4 ,:5 x came out x _h a =m q diff]5t f :at he _h anticipat$1 s he ask$ 8 fell[s :at x 04 ,!y c\ld n help him4 ,f9ally "s ( 8 ,*ri/ian acqua9tances told him t x 0 ! =m ( ! ,virg91 & to prove _! ass]tion took him to ! *ur* :]e he c\ld see = himself4 ,?is exp]i5ce conv9c$ him ( 8 error & he 0 conv]t$4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,si5a 7,no4 #bai7 _h sev]al images made = ! *ur*1 all 9 :ite4 ,among !m 0 "o ( ! ,devil & "o ( ,santa ,m>a4 ,z ?is color did n make ,satan look z vile z he really 0 ! ,virg9 turn$ ! figure black4 ,! prelate1 he>+ ( ! *ange1 ?\ght x 0 "s trick & ord]$ ! image wa%$ & scrap$1 b )\t result4 ,x 0 black ?ru & ?ru4 ,he !n recogniz$ 8 s9 & pray$ = =giv5ess4 ,! hope ( rew>d has ev] be5 "o ( ! /ronge/ argum5ts (f]$ by any religion4 ,! ,mohamm$ans1 ! greate/ rivals ( ! ,*ri/ians at t "t1 (f]$ ?ru _! fai? attractive rew>ds 9 ! next life1 z did ,*ri/ianity also4 ,b = ! peasant & also = ! man ( ! middle class z well z occasionally ev5 = ! noble1 ! future life 0 some?+ af> (f2 rew>d 9 ! pres5t life 0 mu* m attractive & x 0 ?is t ! ,virg9 grant$ f "t to "t to a *os5 few4 ,! fir/ miracle record$ 9 ! collection 7,no4 #b7 is ! old & ev5 !n well-kn[n leg5d ( ! mantle ! ,virg9 gave to ,san ,ildefonso = 8 s]vice & :i* at 8 dea? 8 successor 9 (fice1 ,don ,siagrio1 d>$ to appropriate1 dy+ z ! result ( 8 sacrilege#ea4 ,usually ! favor 0 9 return = "s special s]vice4 ,9 ,no4 #ada x is an answ] to ! et]nal desire to gr[ "y & is be/[$ ^u a c]ta9 v dev\t fri> :o always fell on 8 knees :5 he he>d ! "n ( ! ,virg94 ,:5 v old ! abbot assign$ two monks to accompany & c>e = him1 b "o day :5 left alone = a few mom5ts he fell & c\ld n rise4 ,he call$ on ! ,sa9t1 :o appe>$ & l$ him by ! h& be=e h] alt>1 :]e %e told him to kiss x & become "y4 ,to 8 great surprise he f\nd himself aga9 a "y man ( ab\t tw5ty ye>s4 ,no4 #fc is especially int]e/+1 n only because ( its cont5ts b also ( its simil>ity to ! /ory f\nd 9 ! second "p ( ,la ,prim]a ,crnica ,g5]al 7p4 #dbf74 ,a knight1 ! con/ant companion ( ! ,c\nt ,d4 ,g>ca 9 8 campaigns aga9/ ! ,moors1 0 extremely consci5ti\s 9 8 devotions & always /ay$ until ,mass 0 entirely ov] be=e leav+4 ,"o day1 due to ?is1 he 0 late 9 arriv+ on ! field ( battle1 ?o no "o _h miss$ him4 ,z he rode up ! ,c\nt met & embrac$ him & bade him h 8 w\nds dress$1 congratulat+ him at ! same "t1 say+ t x _h be5 8 skill & valor t _h sav$ ! day4 ,%amefac$ly ! knight glanc$ at 8 armor & 0 surpris$ beyond words to see x full ( holes & bloody4 ,he !n realiz$ t "s div9e mess5g] _h tak5 8 place2 & all rejoic$ 9 ! miracle4#eb ,9 ano!r in/ance 7,no4 #aje7 ! rew>d is ! gift ( heal+1 ?o ?is "t x is n1 z is s (t5 ! case1 by means ( a mantle4 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 appe>$ to a "y girl e>ly 9 life & told h] if %e wi%$ to ga9 heav5 %e mu/ rema9 a virg94 ,! *ild promis$1 b h] p>5ts m>ri$ h] aga9/ h] w4 ,%e repell$ h] husb& = ov] a ye> until1 beside himself1 he w\nd$ h] ) a knife4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! p ( ! community began to fall ill ) leprosy4 ,%e too took ! disease &1 /ill suff]+ f h] w\nd1 w5t to ! alt> ( ,santa ,m>a4 ,:ile !re1 asleep f exhau/ion1 %e 0 visit$ 9 a dream by ! ,holy ,"m :o appe>$ 9 h] dream1 cur$ h]1 & gave h] ! p[] ( heal+ all lep]s ) h] kiss4 ,!re are also a few acc\nts ( ! fai?ful be+ tak5 to heav5 :5 life has become intol]able 7,nos4 #chd1 #ef1 etc474 ,j z ,santa ,m>a1 :5 answ]+ pray]1 is n limit$ 9 h] p[] to cur+ bodily ills b may also protect f h>m1 s 9 be/[+ rew>ds %e does n conf9e h] m]cies to ^? :o are suff]+4 ,9 fact %e mu* m frequ5tly protects !m f su* h>m4 ,naturally1 miracles ( ?is type1 all 9 return = fai?ful s]vice1 cov] a l>ge v>iety ( cases su* z3 ! congregation miracul\sly sav$ f h>m :5 a heavy beam fell dur+ a s]mon 7,no4 #bff71 a pilgrim sav$ on fall+ into ! sea 7,no4 #cc71 a wife sav$ f an angry husb& because %e sp5t too mu* "t at devotions 7,no4 #cad71 a boy fre$ aft] capture by ! ,moors 7,no4 #cei71 a cl]k :o lo/ 8 position because he c\ld say only "o ,mass ord]$ re5/at$ 7,no4 #cb71 & "o t rem9ds u ( ,col]idge's 8,anci5t ,m>9]10 ! /ory ( a h]mit captur$ by pirates aft] !y _h sack$ ! surr\nd+ c\ntry & 7 ready to sail away4 ,!y />t$ ) him on bo>d b ea* night "s my/]i\s p[] br\ght _! %ips back to :]e !y _h be5 ! day be=e4 ,at la/ ! admiral decid$ to release ! h]mit1 ,c\nt ,abran ( ,g]many1 & 9 addition (f]$ him great ri*es ( :i* he select$ only "o glass to keep z a rem9d] ( ! favor he _h receiv$ at div9e h&s 7,no4 #ie74 ,q (t5 ,sa9t ,m>y protects h] own f unju/ puni%m5t4 ,a confid5tial advis] ( a c]ta9 "l 0 falsely accus$ by 8 enemies4 ,because ( 8 devotion to ,santa ,m>a %e caus$ ! tru? to be br\ght out at ! trial s t he 0 fre$ :ile 8 malign] 0 burn$4 ,%e proves equal to ! occasion :5 h] foll[]s are submitt$ to ! ordeal ( trial by fire#ec4 ,a m>ri$ woman's "m-9-law accus$ h] be=e h] husb& ( unfai?fulness4 ,! wife & ! ,moor ) :om %e 0 accus$ & :o _h agre$ to act z an accomplice ( ! "m-9-law 7 tak5 to ! public squ>e to be burn$4 ,! ,moor p]i%$ imm$iately b ! woman 0 unh>m$1 & fur!rmore ! ,virg9 0 se5 beside h] 9 ! fire 7,no4 #ahf74 ,! mo!rly *>act]i/ic ( ,santa ,m>a aga9 comes to ! front 9 ,no4 #dg :5 %e rew>ds a good prie/ :o has always be5 punctual 9 8 duties b gives way once &1 yield+ to temptation1 becomes ?oroly drunk4 ,?is %e does by c>+ = him on 8 way home1 :5 ! ,devil 9 ! =m ( a bull1 a frightful black man1 & a lion torm5ts him4 ,%e protects him ev5 to ! po9t ( /rik+ ! lion ) a /ick1 !n %e tells him to g & s9 no m4#ed ,at ano!r "t %e rew>ds a fai?ful s]vant by keep+ 8 wife f h>m :ile he is away 9 ! w>s4 ,dur+ 8 abs5ce a gallant c\rts h] & s5ds h] a pair ( %oes4 ,%e puts "o on to try x & to h] dismay is unable to remove x4 ,9 fact no "o c\ld d s until h] husb& return$1 :5 he took x (f ) ease 7,no4 #fd74 ,santa ,m>a is p>ticul> ab\t v[s t h be5 made to h] & is c>eful to see t !y are consci5ti\sly fulfill$4 ,a woman 7,no4 #aag7 promis$ nev] to "w on ,saturday1 t day be+ d$icat$ to ! ,"m ( ,*ri/4 ,:5 %e =got h] v[ %e 0 /rick5 ) p>alysis4 ,ano!r "m :o =got h] v[ made :ile pray+ t %e might h a *ild1 0 puni%$ by hav+ x die be=e rea*+ maturity 7,no4 #cdg74 ,! conception ( 8,! ,bride ( ,*ri/0 on tak+ ! v[s ( a nun rema9s ev5 to ! pres5t "t4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages1 :5 ! cult ( ! ,virg9 0 at its z5i?1 ! v[ ( celibacy on ! "p ( m5 seems to h _h a simil> appeal ) respect to consecration to ! wor%ip & love ( ! ,virg9 :ile %e is con/antly repres5t$ z be+ extremely jeal\s ( ^? :o h ?us d$icat$ !mselves to h]4 ,"o "y man made ! v[ ei!r "u ! inspiration ( ! mom5t or p]haps ev5 p>tly 9 je/1 b ?is did n make x any ! less b9d+4 ,z he 0 ab\t to beg9 to play ball he remov$ ! r+ ( 8 fiance f 8 f+] = fe> ( damag+ x1 & z he happ5$ to be /&+ ne> an image ( ! ,virg9 he slipp$ x on its f+] say+ z he did s t he w\ld nev] love ano!r woman4 ,to 8 surprise & great fe> ! image b5t its f+] s ! r+ c\ld n be remov$4 ,8 fri5ds advis$ a mona/ic life b he did n he$ !m1 %ortly aft]w>ds =gett+ all ab\t ! incid5t & prep>+ to m>ry4 ,b ! ,virg9 appe>$ to him 9 two successive dreams & 9 h] ang] s di/urb$ ! y\? t he w&]$ aimlessly = a mon? & !n ent]$ a mona/]y 7,no4 #db74 ,%e 0 a little m l5i5t at times ) "y nuns :o violat$ _! promise4 ,9 fact ne>ly all ^? miracles t]m$ unmoral are cases :]e ! ,bless$ ,"m out ( pity %ield$ ^! same girls f :at 0 consid]$ _! j puni%m5t4 ,z well z be+ jeal\s ( ^? :o h consecrat$ !mselves to h]1 ! ,virg9 gu>ds ) ! greate/ c>e h] %r9es1 h] own images & ^? ( h] ,son1 h] fea/ days1 & ! special cu/oms1 etc41 t grew up ar\nd h] individual sanctu>ies4 ,%e protect$ h] *ur* ( ,mons>s 7,portugal7 f an avalan*e 7,no4 #aac71 & ! "o 9 ,murcia f ! political wiles ( man by mak+ x impossible to remove z mu* z "o nail 7,no4 #afi74 ,lat] %e sav$ ?is same *ur* :5 ev5 ,alfonso ,x himself cons5t$ to its de/ruction1 & /ill lat] aga9/ ! ravages ( ! ,moors4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( con/ant w> %e frequ5tly _h occasion to gu>d h] images aga9/ ! ,mohamm$ans 7,nos4 #ii1 #ahc1 etc471 or aga9/ sacrilegi\s acts ( suppos$ ,*ri/ians 7,nos4 #acf1 #bic1 etc474 ,?is might be accompli%$ by caus+ ! images to rema9 intact amid g5]al de/ruction ( all o!r objects 7,no4 #ii71 or to pass ?ru a sev]e fire unh>m$ 7,no4 #ci74 ,! occupation ( ! (f5d]s might be br\ght to a /&/ill 7,no4 #ahc71 ! (f5d] himself might be physically h>m$ 7,no4 #bic71 or ! image might put up its arm to protect itself 7,no4 #acf74 ,santa ,m>a de ,ribila w\ld all[ no?+ b olive oil to be burn$ be=e h] %r9e 7,no4 #cjd74 ,nei!r w %e tol]ate ! mak+ & maltreatm5t ( effigies ( h] ,son4#ee ,a heav5ly voice at ,mass w>ns ! congregation1 8,! ,jews :o are kill+ my ,son d n desire to be at peace ) ,him04 ,! ,*ri/ians ru% to ! ,jewi% qu>t] & f9d ! ,jews engag$ 9 beat+ & spitt+ ^u an effigy ( ,jesus :i* !y are prep>+ to crucify4 ,all ! ,jews p]i% on ! rack = ! de$ 7,no4 #ab74 ,9 ,no4 #bae 9 a little t[n ne> ,m>tos a ,moor attempts to /ab an image b w\nds himself in/ead2 /ones x b x rema9s unh>m$2 puts x 9 ! fire = two days b x is n affect$2 ties a /one ar\nd its neck & !n ?r[s x 9 ! riv] b x does n s9k4 ,! ,k+ ( ,granada !n s5ds x to ! k+ ( ,ca/ile1 :o is at ,segovia2 he receives x ) great joy & ord]s x put 9 8 *apel4#ef ,x is necess>y to approa* ! *ur* ( ! ,virg9 ) due humility & 9 a p5it5t /ate ( m9d4 ,wilful s9n]s c n =ce an entry until !y h duly & e>ne/ly rep5t$ 7,nos4 #ih1 #bag1 etc471 nei!r are ,moors all[$ to ent] = unholy purposes1 b are /ruck bl9d & p>alyz$1 etc4 7,no4 #bbi74 ,acts ( viol5ce committ$ 9 ! *ur* are always fitt+ly puni%$ ) disease1 p>alysis1 or dea?4 ,sometimes su* puni%m5t is accompani$ by significant acts by ! image ( ,m>a1 sometimes n4 ,9 ,no4 #afd1 because ( ! affront (f]$ by ! ,infante ,d4 ,f]n&o 9 arre/+ a prior be=e ! alt> on ! *>ge ( c\nt]feit+ money1 ! image ( ! ,virg9 sep>at$ itself f t ( ! ,son & lo/ its color4 ,aft] ! rep5tance ( ! ,infante ! =m ( ! "m w5t back to t ( ! ,son b nev] rega9$ its color4 ,no4 #ch has ! add$ elem5t1 by no means uncommon1 ( ! ,devil or ( demons act+ z ! ag5ts ( ,god 9 kill+ ! (f5d]s4 ,?is "t x 0 ! ,conde de ,poiti]s :o ) 8 m5 ent]$ & desecrat$ ! sanctu>y1 "o go+ s f> z to maltreat ! image ( ! ,virg9 ) ! ,*ild 9 h] arms by /rik+ x1 !reby break+ "o ( ! arms4 ,to 8 surprise & horror1 blood fl[$ freely f ! w\nd4 ,demons kill$ ! guilty p]son1 & he>+ ( x ! ,c\nt v9dicat$ himself by puni%+ all ^? implicat$4 ,s p>ticul> is ! ,virg9 ab\t ! sacr$ness ( h] %r9es t "s pilgrims at ,santa ,m>a de ,t]5a aft] becom+ engag$ 9 a t]rible fight among !mselves dur+ ! night1 7 awe-/ruck1 on go+ out to collect ! dead & w\nd$1 to f9d !m all well & reconcil$1 al?o _! armor 0 batt]$ & brok54 ,! ,bless$ ,"m w\ld n tol]ate ,*ri/ian blood %$ by ,*ri/ians 9 front ( h] *ur* 7,no4 #aih74 ,^? leg5ds :i* h to d ) ! e>?ly life ( ! ,"m ( ,jesus are v r>e1 & :5 we d f9d !m x almo/ />tles u to ?9k %e 0 ev] consid]$ z a p]son1 human 9 all respects z !y 7 & liv+ on ?is e>?4 ,we le>n1 h[ev] 7,no4 #bg71 t 9 ! "t ( ! apo/les1 ! ,*ri/ians _h b\ght a synagogue int5d+ to conv]t x into a *ur*4 ,:5 ! ,jews he> ( _! int5tion !y reclaim x & c>ry ! matt] be=e ,caes>4 ,! ,*ri/ians g to ,m>y1 :o is !n liv+ at ,m\nt ,sion & ask h] advice4 ,%e tells !m n to fe>1 = %e w help !m at ! trial4 ,:5 ! day arrives ! case is call$ 9 ! *ur* build+4 ,z ,pet] takes 8 place beside ! alt> an image ( ,m>y appe>s on ! alt> clo?4 ,?is is too mu* = ! ,jews1 :o refuse to c>ry ! trial fur!r4 ,tradition has x t ?is 0 ! fir/ *ur* d$icat$ to ,santa ,m>a4 ,"s "t lat] ,emp]or ,julian ord]$ ! ,jews to take away ! image ( ! ,virg91 b x fr[n$ on !m 9 su* a mann] t !y fe>$ to t\* x4#eg ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,miracles ,,p]=m$ ,,by ,,images ,s9ce ! image ( ! ,virg9 0 int5d$ to be a repres5tation ( ! ,div9e ,"m1 x (t51 especially 9 ! m9d ( ! peasant1 attract$ to itself all h] attributes4 ,! result 0 t 9 a numb] ( cases x 0 ! image & n ! ,virg9 t p]=m$ ! de$4 ,(t51 also :5 ! miracle 0 attribut$ to ,santa ,m>a x 0 n simply to ! sa9t1 ,m>y ! "m ( ,jesus1 :o liv$ 9 ! di/ant pa/1 f> away 9 ! ,holy ,l&1 nor to ,m>y1 ! mo/ p[]ful ( all ! sa9ts 9 heav51 b x 0 to ! v pres5t1 & v local sa9t1 ,santa ,m>a de ,salas1 or ,santa ,m>a del ,pu]to1 z ! case might be4 ,!re is little d\bt t 9 ! m9d ( ! common folk !re 7 z _m diff]5t ,sa9ts ,m>y z !re 7 %r9es1 & yet1 at ! same "t1 ^! all _h a def9ite connection ) ! ,"m ( ,*ri/ 9 "s my/]i\s way :i* ! pla9 p did n tr\ble !mselves to expla94 ,j z ! my/]y ( ! ,tr9ity did n p]turb !m ne>ly z mu* z x did ! ,anglo-,saxons ( ! ,nor?1 s ?is p>ticul> problem caus$ !m little conc]n4 ,z might be expect$1 mo/ ( ! miracles attribut$ to ! image ( ! ,virg9 are ( ! same nature z ^? p]=m$ by ! sa9t h]self4 ,! image cures ! diseas$ 7,no4 #cdi71 x b[s ov] a man & ?anks him = a hymn ( praise he has compos$ 7,no4 #bjb71 saves a naughty *ild f puni%m5t 7,no4 #cjc71 protects a man's prop]ty f ?reat5$ /orm 7,no4 #afa71 re/ores to heal? que5 ,beatriz1 "m ( ,alfonso el ,sabio1 :5 ! doctors _h pron\nc$ h] illness incurable 7,no4 #bef71 re/ra9s a ri* lib]t9e knight ( ,catalonia f committ+ an immoral act 9 its pres5ce 7,no4 #cab71 protects a city f capture by ! ,moors ev5 aft] ! latt] _h le>n$ f a prison] t !re 7 b fifte5 m5 rema9+ to def5d x 7,no4 #ahe71 protects its alt> f fire by remov+ a veil f its head & spread+ x ov] ! fire1 !reby in/antly ext+ui%+ ! flames 7,no4 #ccb71 & la/ly ev5 p\rs milk f its sacr$ brea/s z a f9al argum5t to conv9ce & conv]t a ,moor 7,no4 #dd74 ,! /ory ( ,no4 #cba diff]s some:at f ?is1 rem9d+ u ( a simil> cure attribut$ to ! ,*ild ,jesus :ile on ! flight into ,egypt4#eh ,a *ild 0 suff]+ f a swell+ 9 ! neck & 0 pron\nc$ incurable4 ,a fri5d advis$ t ! pati5t be tak5 to ! k+1 add+ t all ,*ri/ian k+s _h ! p[] ( heal+4 ,?is 0 done1 b ! k+ told !m to take x be=e ! image ( ! ,virg91 wa% ! image 9 pure wat]1 & !n give ! *ild ?is wat] to dr9k = z _m days z !re are lett]s 9 ! "n ,m-a-r--a4 ,on ! f\r? day ! *ild 0 heal$4 ,9 two in/ances ! p[] is ext5d$ a little f>!r & 9 ,no4 #abc a "y fri> on dy+ turn$ black & ugly4 ,8 bre?r5 took a c&le f ! alt> & put x 9 8 h&1 :i* caus$ 8 natural color to be re/or$4 ,lat] he return$ & appe>+ to ! two fri>s told !m t ! reason he became black at dea? 0 t he saw ,devils1 b t ! light ( ! ,virg9 drove !m promptly away4 ,9 ,no4 #bji ,alfonso 0 v ill & :5 ! doctors c\ld n give him relief he call$ = ! unf9i%$ manuscript#ei ( ,las ,cantigas & by apply+ x to ! affect$ "p ( 8 body he 0 heal$4 ,because ( ! v high e/eem 9 :i* ! ,virg9 0 held x is common to f9d in/ances 9 :i* a p]son swe>s by h] or by h] "n or image1 :ile %e on h] "p is rightly consci5ti\s 9 see+ t su* oa?s are n tak5 lightly4 ,"o "y %eph]d develop$ ! habit ( /eal+ & 0 f9ally caught1 b cle>$ himself by swe>+ by ,god & ! ,virg9 t he 0 innoc5t4 ,a little lat] he 0 caught aga91 & convict$4 ,?is "t ! ,virg9 all[$ him to be hang$1 because he _h sworn by h] falsely 7,no4 #cib74 ,ano!r man 7,no4 #bci7 p]jur$ himself be=e h] image by adjur+ t he _h nev] receiv$ a c]ta9 article 9 tru/4 ,ev5 be=e leav+ ! *ur* he 0 ov]tak5 by a sev]e illness :i* caus$ 8 dea? )9 ?ree days4 ,s high & s sacr$ 0 ?is oa? be=e ! image ( ! ,virg9 held to be1 t 9 "o in/ance a wife1 be+ accus$ ( unfai?fulness by h] jeal\s husb&1 (f]$ to submit to ! ordeal by fire to prove h] innoc5ce1 b h] husb& dem&$ in/ead t %e swe> be=e ! alt> ( ,nue/ra ,seora4 ,!n he add$ t %e c\ld fur!r cle> h]self by jump+ f a high rock4 ,%e pass$ bo? te/s safely & h] husb&1 p5it5t1 begg$ =giv5ess on 8 knees 7,no4 #cda74 ,9 o!r cases ! image ( ! ,virg9 speaks1 z1 = example1 :5 call$ ^u to be> witness 9 a diff]5ce betwe5 a ,jew & a ,*ri/ian ov] ! paym5t ( a debt 7,no4 #be74 ,! v "n ( ,m>a 0 "o to conjure )4#fj ,two miracles 7,nos4 #aid & #bed7 are attribut$ to ! p[] ( ! m]e s\nd ( ! "n2 & once 7,no4 #aie7 a girl is sav$ because h] "n is ,m>a4 ,9 ,no4 #aid a villa9\s ho/ s5ds 9 pursuit ( 8 dep>t+ gue/s "s ?ugs to rob !m1 b ! b&its1 on he>+ _! int5d$ victims call on ! "n ( ,santa ,m>a = help1 become p[]less & spee*less4 ,9 ,no4 #bed1 ! image ( ! ,virg9 saves "s monks :o1 :ile recup]at+ on ! banks ( a riv] f ! rigors ( conv5t life1 transgress ! b\nds ( :at is prop] = m5 ( _! ord]4 ,see+ "s devils 9 ! =m ( m51 com+ d[n ! riv] 9 a boat1 ! monks1 t]rifi$1 call on ! ,virg9 = aid4 8,%e alone has sav$ y10 %\t ! devils z !y cont9ue on _! way4 ,a girl 7,no4 #aie7 :o _h be5 sold by h] fa!r to a knight on 8 way to a t\rnam5t 0 sav$ f h>m :5 %e told him h] "n 0 ,m>y & t t p>ticul> day 0 "o especially consecrat$ to ! ,sa9t's wor%ip4 ,on le>n+ t1 ! knight s5t h] = safekeep+ to an abbey1 :ile he cont9u$ on 8 j\rney4 ,at ! t\rnam5t he 0 kill$ & buri$ 9 ! op5 prairie4#fa ,! ,virg9 appe>$ to ! girl & told h] ( 8 fate dem&+ t %e & ! abbess g & give ! man a wor?y burial1 tell+ !m !y w\ld be able easily to id5tify ! body1 = x w\ld h a rose 9 its m\?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re n[ rema9s a gr\p ( fifte5 poems t d n seem to h any p>ticul> purpose o!r ?an to produce an atmosph]e ( my/]y2 b ?is v s5tim5t ( ! my/ical play$ an important "p 9 ! religi\s wor%ip ( ! "t4 ,! v ar*itecture ( ! *ur*es t5d$ to produce x1 ! processions1 ! ritual1 all inspir$ ! same feel+4 ,h]e) are summ>iz$ only f\r poems ( ?is gr\p1 :i* w give a suffici5t idea ( ! emotions ar\s$ by !m4 ,a "y girl1 a religi\s fanatic1 di$ v e>ly 9 life z ! result ( self-impos$ h>d%ips4 ,h] p>5ts1 suspect+ poison1 ord]$ an autopsy1 & on ! he>t ( ! dead girl 0 f\nd an image ( ! ,virg9 7,no4 #ahh74 ,9 ,no4 #cfa1 ,alfonso is said to h giv5 a beautiful image ( ! ,virg9 to ! mona/]y ( ,las ,huelgas de ,burgos4 ,on ,*ri/mas night ! /range idea ( putt+ ! image to b$ occurr$ to ! pi\s nuns4 ,almo/ imm$iately !y saw x *ange color & turn f side to side4 ,no4 #gi1 ( ! codex ( ,tol$o 7a poem :i* does n appe> 9 ! codex ( ! ,escorial71 relates an incid5t t took place weekly 9 ! *ur* at ,con/ant9ople4 ,9 ?is *ur* 0 a beautiful image ( ! ,holy ,"m1 cov]$ ) a veil4 ,e ,friday an angel desc5d$ f heav5 to lift ! veil1 :i* rema9$ susp5d$ 9 ! air until ,saturday ev5+1 7! day on :i* ! fai?ful came to wor%ip71 :5 ! angel w\ld return & l[] ! veil aga94 ,cantiga ,no4 #bbf n>rates a leg5d entirely =eign to ,spani% ?\ght & "o :i* mu/ h caus$ "s surprise 9 its unwont$ environm5t4 ,! incid5t is said to h happ5$ 9 8,gran ,britaa04 ,! acc\nt runs briefly z foll[s3 ,a company ( fri>s 7 9 _! conv5t say+ ,mass on ,ea/] morn+1 :5 ! entire mona/]y 0 swall[$ up by ! e>?--! gr\nd clos+ above x & leav+ no trace :atev]4 ,= j a ye> ! monks cont9u$ 9 ?is en=c$ seclusion1 )\t lack ( any?+ ne$ful2 !y 7 ev5 light$ by a m>vell\s sun4 ,on ! next ,ea/] morn+ all 0 re/or$ to its =m] natural /ate4 ,x c be se5 at a glance t ?is leg5d is entirely diff]5t f any?+ t has be5 m5tion$ 9 ?is collection2 & ,i h f\nd no p>allel to x 9 any?+ else ( ! p]iod4 ,9 clos+ ?is *apt] att5tion %\ld be call$ to two miracles :i* emphasize ! great importance atta*$ to confession4#fb ,no4 #abd is ! /ory ( a man condemn$ to be /on$ because he _h brok5 a law ( ! ,moors 9 ^: l& he 0 liv+4 ,:ile und]go+ ?is puni%m5t1 he begg$ p]mission ( ! ,virg9 to make 8 confession2 f t mom5t 8 execution]s c\ld n h>m him4 ,a/oni%$ t _! missiles sudd5ly ceas$ to h any effect !y all[$ him to confess1 aft] :i* he di$ prais+ ! ,bless$ ,"m4 ,9 ,no4 #if a s9n] 0 unwill+ to d p5ance1 al?o devot$ to ,santa ,m>a4 ,he 0 behead$ by robb]s1 )\t opportunity = confession4 ,f\r days lat] two fri>s1 on arriv+ at ! spot1 7 surpris$ to he> ! head plead = ! privilege ( confession4 ,!y summon$ a cr[d2 ! head atta*$ itself to ! body1 confess$1 & !n became sep>at$ aga9 f ! body4#fc ,,*apt] ,v 8,,! ,,devil ,,& ,,all ,,8 ,,works0 ,8 ,satanic ,maje/y is & always has be5 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( p]sonages4 ,! trac+ ( 8 developm5t f ! beg9n+ ( religion 9 ! dim my?ical pa/ to 8 late/ rle z ! pr9ce ( evil spirits & 8controls0 z depict$ by ,sir ,conan ,doyle1 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge1 & o!rs ( simil> fai?1 is fasc9at+ "w4 ,satan z we f9d him 9 ! p]iod ) :i* we are conc]n$ is f> f be+ a dull & lifeless "*4 ,he is ref]r$ to z "o :o _h be5 z holy & p]fect z any1 b :o1 because ( 8 s9 & treason1 became ! l[e/ ( all4#fd ,z su*1 hav+ become ! ar*-enemy ( ,god1 x is 8 aim to drag d[n to ,hell z _m z possible4 ,at ! same "t1 ! ne>] he comes to localities especially d$icat$ to 8 ,enemy1 ,god1 ! m difficult x is = him to ex]cise 8 p[]s4 ,9 ,las ,siete ,p>tidas x is /at$ z a fact t ! ,devil _c h>m ! s\ls ( ^? int]r$ 9 holy gr\nd z easily z ( ^? buri$ else:]e4#fe ,he is subject to conjur+#ff & c nev] face ! ,virg94 ,9 fact1 ! m]e s\nd ( h] "n is (t5 suffici5t to drive him away 7,no4 #bed74 ,to our surprise he takes on "o helli% attribute :i* we d n cu/om>ily connect ) ,spa9 ( ?is p]iod1 b r ) ! ,ori5t4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ,las ,cantigas ,no4 #hb1 :]e x is relat$ t a monk on 8 b$ saw "s devils 9 ! =m ( sw9e approa*1 b !y d>$ n t\* him because ( 8 hol9ess4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds a black man appe>$ :o said he 0 go+ to de/roy ! monk1 :]eupon ! latt]1 9 desp]ation1 appeal$ to ! ,virg94 ,z %e ha/5$ to him ! devils disappe>$ 9 a cl\d ( smoke4 ,demoniac possession is q common & has only ! well-kn[n ,new ,te/am5t *>act]i/ics4 ,! incid5ts z record$ c\ld easily h tak5 place 9 ! "t ( ,jesus 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,b ! humor\s elem5t manife/s itself at r>e int]vals ev5 "h1 z we see 9 ,no4 #cdc ( ,las ,cantigas :]e we f9d t a girl1 possess$1 is able1 on see+ a p]son1 to tell :at 8 secret s9 is & has a mania = divulg+ ?is 9 public4 ,ne$less to say1 %e is soon %unn$ by all4 ,ev5 ! prie/ to :om %e 0 fir/ tak5 0 mock$ by h]1 ! holy wat] did n protect him1 & he 0 n able to face h]4 ,h[ev] %e 0 f9ally cur$ be=e ! alt> at ,rocamador4 ,! compil]s ( ! ,prim]a ,crnica ,g5]al#fg saw no?+ 9 ! visions ( ,mohamm$ b demoniac possession4 ,n infrequ5tly ,satan resorts to tak+ on o!r =ms ?an 8 own to atta9 8 ends4 ,"o /ory 7well kn[n long be=e ,alfonso's "t7 :i* f\nd its way into ,las ,cantigas is t ! ,devil1 tak+ on ! =m ( an apo/le1 ord]$ a pilgrim to s mutilate himself1 z p5ance = 8 s91 t he di$1 aft] :i* ,satan prep>$ to c>ry away 8 s\l b 0 prev5t$ by ,santiago 7,/4 ,james7 :o rescu$ x4#fh ,at ano!r "t1 :5 he wi%$ to take v5geance on a philan?ropic ,*ri/ian :o _h e/abli%$ a hospital1 he ent]$ ! corpse ( a h&some "y man1 becom+ ! good man's s]vant1 hop+ ?us to h an opportunity to assass9ate him1 b 0 prev5t$ f do+ s because 8 ma/] pray$ e day4 ,at la/1 ! bi%op made a visit to ! hospital & ! ,devil1 fe>+ to appe> be=e him1 plead$ illness4 ,! k9d prelate1 solicit\s = 8 welf>e1 reque/s to be all[$ to see him4 ,imm$iately ^u com+ into 8 pres5ce he notes 8 actions &1 suspect+ some?+1 conjures him 9 ! "n ( ,god4 ,! ,devil confesses & flees leav+ ! dead body ( ! "y man at ! feet ( ! bi%op & philan?ropi/ 7,no4 #fg74 ,:ile ?us tak+ on o!r =ms he is at times di/9ctly mis*iev\s1 & we c see almo/ ! sp>kle ( 8 eyes :51 f9d+ t ! ,virg9 has made a c]ta9 innoc5t man invisible 9 ord] t he may escape 8 foes :o accuse him falsely1 ,satan himself takes ! =m ( ?is man & plays practical jokes ) 8 pursu]s 7,no4 #bac74 ,! famili> 8,devil ,pact0 is to be f\nd 9 its simplicity :5 a ,jew sells 8 s\l to ! ,devil1 & lat] on rep5t+ & pray+ mo/ e>ne/ly to ! ,virg91 f9ds t %e he>s 8 pray] & impels ! ,devil to return ! contract4#fi ,?is simple1 & ev5 !n conv5tional1 plot does n seem to h satisfi$ ! dem&s ( ! "t1 s9ce we f9d x occasionally introduc$ ) v>iations4 ,"o man 79 ,no4 #bha7 to ga9 8 lo/ weal? promises ! ,devil he w d5y ,god & ! ,*ur*1 b refuses to d5y a c]ta9 "o ( ! sa9ts1 & t is ! ,virg94 ,diabolus hesitates1 b rem>ks 8 444 ,pois nega/e ,deus1 non mi r5 que faz] de esa ,madre non neg>es40 ,"t passes & he prosp]s1 until "o day he is call$ ^u to att5d ! k+ on a public function dur+ :i*1 accid5tally1 ! mon>* ent]s a *ur*4 ,! knight refuses to accompany him1 say+ x is =bidd5 him to d s4 ,) t ! image ( ! ,virg9 beckons to him1 & ^u be+ ?us reassur$ he ent]s & confesses all4 ,?is act has su* an effect on ! k+ t he adds a =tune to ! visible protection ( ,santa ,m>a 7,no4 #bha74 ,ano!r illu/ration is t ( ! man :o b>t]s 8 wife to ! ,devil1 b ! ,bless$ ,"m does n all[ ! b>ga9 to be c>ri$ out4#gj ,aside f ! above-m5tion$ traits1 t are to be f\nd almo/ :]ev] ! ,devil himself is pres5t1 we notice a few o!rs t are r>e4 ,!re is ! ?reat ( bottl+ ! imps lat] m5tion$ on page #aaf4 ,! ,prim]a ,crnica ,g5]al conta9s a leg5d 9 :i* ! devils appe> almo/ l human be+s hold+ a g5]al conf]5ce4 ,antidio1 ar*bi%op ( ,ves5t9e1 on cross+ ! bridge ( ! riv] ( ,du]o1 sees a gr\p ( devils 9 ! field4 ,app>5tly )\t fe>1 ! ar*bi%op approa*es to see :at x is all ab\t4 ,z he draws ne> 8 att5tion is attract$ by ! report ( "o ( ! imps to ! effect t aft] sev5 ye>s he has be5 successful 9 mak+ ! ,pope s94 ,! cl]gyman imm$iately dem&s z pro( t ! devil take him to ! ,vatican on 8 back t he may v]ify ! /atem5t4 ,?is is done & ! report f\nd to be correct4 ,aft] mak+ ! ,pope d p5ance1 ! ar*bi%op1 by conjur+ 9 ! "n ( ,god & ,santa ,cruz1 n[ requires ! dim9utive devil1 :om he has kept wait+ all ?is "t1 to c>ry him back to 8 diocese4#ga ,v (t5 ! ,devil appe>s z a s]vant ( ,god--z a sort ( scav5g] ^: bus9ess x is to d ! disagreeable "w4 ,! ,v&al k+1 ,gund]ico1 aft] sack+ ,seville1 attempts to ent] ! *ur* by =ce to plund] x also4 ,z he approa*es ! door he is met by ! ,devil & is kill$ = 8 sacrilege4#gb ,9 ,las ,cantigas ,no4 #cd ! ,devil kills a ,jew = robb+ an image ( ! ,virg91 :ile 9 ,no4 #aib he s torm5ts an imprison$ ,moor = two nights 9 succession t ! ,moor is glad to become a ,*ri/ian4#gc ,hell1 ! abode ( ! ,devil1 is mis]ably slight$ by ! p5 ( ,alfonso el ,sabio4 ,num]\s ref]5ces are made to 8el fuego dell inf]no02 a little m graphic is 8,d' e/o direy un miragre que fezo a ,urg5 santa1 ,madre de ,deus grorosa1 que nos faz m]ce tanta1 que nos d saud' e siso et o demo quebranta que nos qu] o inf]no leu>1 en que nos afume40 7,no4 #cch47 ,b no attempts are made to describe ! famili> place4#gd ,al?o !re c be no d\bt t en*antm5t 0 kn[n & practic$1 z evid5c$ by ! laws aga9/ x1#ge x is /range t !re is b "o in/ance ( x 9 ! ,prim]a ,crnica ,g5]al1 & t1 ! /ory ( ,simon ,magus1 ! en*ant]1 is 9 ! n>ration ( ! hi/ory ( ev5ts 9 ! "t ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ,las ,cantigas1 :]e we w\ld naturally look to f9d records ( ?is nature1 !re are only su* cases z ! ?reat ( ! cl]k to bottle ! devils 7,no4 #abe71 occasional accusations ( ! practice ( en*antm5t 7,no4 #h71 or a ref]5ce to ! fact t m$ic9e1 en*antm5t1 & pray]s 7 all ( no avail 9 ! attempt to cure a case ( rabies until at la/ ,santa ,m>a de ,t]5a 0 approa*$ 7,no4 #cai74 ,! motif furni%$ by ?is practice 0 n develop$1 nor did x become popul> 9 lit]ature1 until ! ,books ( ,*ivalry4#gf ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,div9ations--,,om5s--,,auguries ,! love ( ! my/]i\s f\nd its greate/ developm5t 9 ,spa9 9 ! /udy ( div9ation1 9 om5s & 9 auguries4 ,9 ! practice ( ?is art ,spa9 excell$ all o!r c\ntries ( ,europe 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,ga/on ,p>is makes ! foll[+ significant /atem5t 9 speak+ ( ! episode ( ! j\rney ( ! sev5 sons ( ,l>a go+ to visit _! uncle ,ruy ,velzquez1 ! qu>rel & reconciliation3 8,t\t cet pisode e/ =t beau et d'un c>actre bi5 orig9al2 il n'y a ri5 de p>eil dans notre pope2 on sait au contraire le gr& rle que j\ait1 dans le haut moy5 ge espagnol1 et surt\t dans la vie des av5turi]s qui faisai5t la =ce et la t]reur de la ,ca/ille1 l' inspection du vol des oiseaux2 le ,cid lui-mme 8vivait augure40#gg ,! ,spani% at ?is "t1 9 spite ( ! int]mixtures ( o!r races1 7 ess5tially a ,roman p & ?is 0 "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! old ,roman civilization t _h n be5 mat]ially *ang$ by "t or religion4 ,x is true t su* practices 9 all cases except by means ( a/rology1 7 =bidd5 by law1#gh b ! fact t ! law 0 s full & explicit implies t div9ation & ! /udy ( om5s & auguries n only exi/$ b mu/ h be5 q common4 ,su* cu/oms are usually m5tion$ m]ely 9 pass+1 z 9 ! miracle ( ! ,ho/ m5tion$ on page #aah or 9 su* /atem5ts z ! "o to ! effect t k+ ,h]od di$ accord+ to ! progno/ications ( a ,greek augur1#gi or ! simple /atem5t t a c]ta9 p]son =etold t c]ta9 ev5ts w\ld come to pass )\t giv+ any clue z to h[ ?is in=mation 0 receiv$#hj4 ,ano!r indication t div9+ 0 q common is t :5 ,tib]ius expell$ f ,rome all :o practic$ black magic ! *ronicl] consid]$ ! ev5t ( su* m9or importance t he gives x only two l9es3 8 444 ,e*o de la cibdat de ,roma todos los adeu9os et los encantadores20#ha ,"u ! law 9 ,las ,siete ,p>tidas treat+ ( actions = :i* a p]son might be legally di%onor$1 is ! foll[+ entry3 8,como magu] el a/rologo diga alguna cosa de otro por razn de su arte1 non le pu$e s] desm&ado por de%onra4 ,pi]d5 los homes las vegadas algunas de sus cosas1 et van los a/rlogos a rog> que cat5 por su arte quales son aquellos que las ti551 et los a/rlogos us&o de su sabiduria dic5 sealan algunos que las han3 et en tal caso como e/e decimos que los que asi seal>5 non pu$5 dem&> que les fagan emi5da de/o asi como en man]a de de%onra3 et e/o es porque lo que ellos dic51 fc5lo segunt su arte1 et non con ent5cin de los de%onr>4 ,p]o como qui] que non pu$an dem&> emi5da dello como en man]a de de%onra1 con todo eso si el adev9o fuese b>atador que faga mue/ra de sab] lo que non sabe1 bi5 lo pu$5 acus> que reciba la p5a que m&an las leyes del ttulo de los adev9os et de los encantadores40#hb ,v closely associat$ ) ! =ego+ acc\nts1 al?o diff]+ some:at 9 nature1 are a l>ge numb] ( leg5ds m5tion+ wond]ful signs t appe> 9 ! heav5s or on ! e>? at c]ta9 significant mom5ts 9 ! life ( an individual or nation4 ,^! diff] f om5s & auguries because !y are out-(-!-ord9>y happ5+s1 :ile ) auguries & om5s prop] !re is no?+ :atev] unusual 9 ! ev5t itself & all dep5ds ^u ! int]pretation4 ,! wond]ful signs usually require int]pretation1 b ! p]son see+ !m1 ev5 ! un9itiat$1 kn[s imm$iately t !y h a mean+4 ,:5 ,octavius ,caes> asc5d$ ! ?rone !re appe>$ a ra9b[ ar\nd a cle> sun1 & aga91 ?ree suns appe>$ t m]g$ into "o1 signify+ fir/1 t ! ,roman ,empire1 divid$ into ?ree at ! dea? ( ,caes>1 w\ld become "o1 & second1 t ,*ri/ w\ld %[ ! _w ! my/]y ( ! ,tr9ity#hc4 ,m port5t\s /ill 7 ! ph5om5a :i* appe>$ dur+ ! consul%ip ( ,sextus ,julius ,caes> & ,lucius ,m>cus1 :5 _m signs1 fire & noises occurr$ 9 ! sky1 blood fl[$ f bread z if x 7 meat :5 x 0 cut1 real /ones & e>? 7 hail$ ^u ! l&1 ! e>? op5$ & flames %ot to ! sky1 a m\nta9 ( ! color ( gold desc5d$ f heav5 & asc5d$ aga9 until x cov]$ ! sun1 tame animals became wild1 etc4#hd ,!n1 z we leave ,roman hi/ory & come on d[n to ! #g? c5tury1 a sign 9 ! =m ( a sword appe>$ 9 ! sky & rema9$ = #cj days1 :i* 8demo/raua el s5norio que los moros aui5 de au]40#he ,:ile usually q di/9ct1 ! l9e betwe5 ^! m>vel\s signs1 & om5s & auguries prop]1 may at times become almo/ imp]ceptible2 z1 = in/ance1 :5 que5 ,dido arriv$ 9 ,africa %e imm$iately prep>$ to build a city1 & z ! workm5 set ab\t digg+ ! f\ndation = ! walls !y f\nd ! skull ( a c[4 ,?is 0 tak5 to ! augurs & !y decl>$ x signifi$ t any city built !re w\ld always be "o ( toil & always "u ! p[] ( o!rs4 ,!y mov$ to ano!r place & aga9 began to dig1 ?is "t f9d+ ! skull ( a horse1 :i*1 said ! augurs1 signifi$ t a city built 9 t place w\ld always be "o ( pride & ( w>riors4#hf ,incid5ts ( ?is k9d might conv5i5tly be plac$ 9 ei!r class1 because1 al?o ! ev5t itself does n />tle "o1 x does n take a soo?say] to tell a p]son ( an imag9ative turn ( m9d t a skull f\nd "u su* circum/ances probably has a significance4 ,! =ego+ h be5 b signs :i* indicat$ ! future1 & no matt] h[ /rik+ ! =m an int]pretation 0 necess>y4 ,b !re are a few cases record$ :]e a p]son is app>5tly giv5 to see into ! future & someh[ is p]mitt$ to "k :at is go+ to occur1 )\t any m$ium :atsoev]1 & fur!rmore is impell$ to speak out :at he kn[s4 ,we f9d t a ,roman s5ator & 8 wife ent] ! temple ( ,jupit] & z !y d s a prie/ :o has all ! symptoms ( demoniac possession1 cries out1 8,aque/ mugi] trae en el ui5tre cosa que de/ruya de rayz aque/e gr& templo et m5uz>a todos los dios que en el e/an40#hg ,! ev5t =etold did come to pass :5 ! *ild ref]r$ to became a fri5d ( ! emp]or & !reby succe$$ 9 hav+ ! temple de/roy$4 ,!n is add$ ! significant /atem5t t ?is happ5$ j #ajjj ye>s aft] ,rome 0 f\nd$4 ,! ag5t us$ to convey ! message is usually a p]son1 b x may be an animal4 ,an ox tells 8 ma/] ( ! future2#hh or ev5 an idol 9 a hea!n temple imp>ts ! k t ! temple w /& only 8fa/a que p>riesse uirg50#hi4--,! temple fell :5 ,*ri/ 0 born4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,visions ,! two t]ms dream & vision seem to h be5 only vaguely diff]5tiat$ 9 ! p]iod we are /udy+1 j z ev5 at ! pres5t "t !y are (t5 us$ almo/ synonym\sly4 ,9 las ,cantigas we f9d3 8 444 et log' o m59no se fill\ b5 a dormir et ui en uijon ,madre0 7,no4 #ec71 & 8et dorm9do1 ui en uijon ,santa ,m>a con gr&'az0 7,no4 #fh71 b 9 ,no4 #ccf ! p]son c]ta9ly 0 n asleep1 =3 8,el aque/ ass faz5do e con o demo luit&o1 non e/&' en un e/ado1 mais ca5d'e leuant&o1 ui en uijon a ,reynna dos cos1 et l *or&o lle disse44440 ,a simil> confusion ( ! two words is *>act]i/ic ( ! o!r works ( ,alfonso ,x4 ,because !y are ?us synonym\sly employ$ x has n seem$ desirable to treat ! two sep>ately4 ,also x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 _m in/ances1 especially 9 ,las ,cantigas1 "s simple /atem5t is made su* z 8,! ,virg9 appe>$ to him10 ) no indication :e!r x 0 9 a dream or a vision1 or :e!r1 9 ! =m ( an ord9>y human be+ %e appe>$ to ! p]son conc]n$ :ile he 0 9 full possession ( 8 faculties4 ,x is to be regrett$ t !re is no def9ition ( ei!r 8dream0 or 8vision0 9 ,las ,siete ,p>tidas4 ,! only ref]5ce to dreams is "o to ! effect t 9 !mselves !y are n suffici5t au?ority = ! e/abli%m5t ( a *ur* or an alt>#ij4 ,visions & significant dreams#ia may conv5i5tly be divid$ into ?ree classes3 7a7 ^? :i* deal ) :at is to u ! unkn[n fate ( p]sons 9 :om we are int]e/$2 7b7 ^? conc]n$ ) contempor>y ev5ts at :i* we ourselves are n pres5t2 & 7c7 ^? associat$ ) ! future4 ,9 ! lit]ature ( ,alfonso ,x1 ^? p]ta9+ to ! fir/ gr\p deal exclusively ) ! fate ( ! s\l 9 ! o!r _w4 ,= in/ance1 %ortly aft] ! dea? ( k+ ,dagob]t ( ,france a holy man _h a vision 9 :i* he saw ! devils cont5d+ = & almo/ successfully c>ry+ (f to ,hell ! s\l ( ! deceas$ k+#ib4 ,_m good m5 desir$ ?is consummation1 b ,sa9t ,d5is1 bi%op ( ,p>is1 plead$ to ,god = ,dagob]t's s\l & ! bi%op's pray] 0 grant$4#ic ,9 read+ o!r passages we c almo/ imag9e ourselves 9 ! pres5ce ( a clairvoyant m$ium4 ,alfonso ,x dreams ( ! de/ruction ( ! *ur* ( ,j]ez 7,no4 #cdc71 & 9 a simil> mann] ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian has a vision ( ! evil t ,gilem] ! ,v&al is do+ 9 ,africa#id3 :ile ! ,emp]or ,h]aclius dreams ( ! mis=tunes ( 8 troops 9 ,africa4#ie ,all ( ^! visions are contempor>y ) ! ev5ts involv$4 ,by f> ! great] "p ( ! visions & dreams h to d ) ! future ( ! individual to :om !y are manife/$2 & ( ^! visions by f> ! great] numb] are symbolic4 ,occasionally ! mess5g] appe>s & gives a direct comm&1 z ,san ,f]n&o :5 he appe>$ to ,mae/ro ,jorge & bade him take a f9e r+ f ! f+] ( a /atue rec5tly erect$ to ! sa9t's memory by 8 son ,alfonso ,x1 & put x on ! f+] ( ! image ( ! ,virg9#if2 or z :5 ! sa9ts appe>$ to ,taion :o _h gone on a seem+ly hopeless task to ,rome to f9d ! fam\s book ,moralia 9 ,job & told him :]e x 0 to be f\nd1 ev5 m5tion+ ! exact position 9 ! *e/2#ig or aga91 z :5 ,a5eas1 ^u 8 l&+ on ! %ores ( ,africa1 dream$ ( 8 future meet+ & love affair ) ,dido#ih4 ,b x is ! symbolic vision t 0 ! mo/ popul>4 ,usually ?is type ( vision is q simple 9 its elem5ts1 z :5 ,our ,"l appe>$ to ,emp]or ,m>cian & %[$ him ! brok5 b[ ( ,attila4 ,! emp]or 0 at a loss to und]/& ! real import ( ?is1 b int]pret$ x z a favorable om54 ,lat] he discov]$ t on ! v night ( ! vision ,attila _h m>ri$1 & _h di$ z a result ( ! debau* t _h accompani$ ! w$d+4#ii ,?is is an example ( ! usual type1 b at times su* a vision is consid]ably elaborat$1 involv+ mu* symbolism & my/icism4 ,"o ( ! be/ introduces ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e4 ,x is giv5 "h 9 ! writ]'s words3 8,et 7el emp]ador7 mor&o y en una cibdat que auie nombre ,bizancio1 au9ol assi una no*e1 que el yazi5do durmi5do en su le*o1 u9ol en uision quel p>auan delante una mug] uegezuela muy fea et mu* enatia et mu]ta2 et diziel sant ,silue/re3 8,co/ant9o1 faz oracion et ressuscit>a e/a mug]04 ,et el oraua luego1 et ressuscitaua la mug]1 et tornauasse sana et muy f]mosa2 et pagauasse ,con/ant9o della de bu5 amor et ca/o1 et cubriela de su manto1 et poniel su corona en la cabea1 et todo quanto bi5 ell auie4 ,e ,el9a su madre diziel3 8,fijo1 tuya s]a aque/a1 et numqua morra fa/a la f9 del mundo40 ,on awak+1 ! ,emp]or fails to recognize ! mean+ ( ! dream1 until aft] sev5 days ( fa/+ on 8 "p1 ! ,pope ,sylve/]4 8ap>eciol otra uez et dizol3 8la uieia que tu ui/e es ,bizancio1 e/a cipdat en que e/as1 que uees que a ya los muros todos caydos de ueg$at4 ,et por ende sube en el cauallo en que &e/e en ,roma en las aluas el dia que fu/e bateado1 qu&o &e/e por todas las yglesias de los apo/oles et de los m>tires p9t&olas et afeyt&olas con oro et con plata et con pi$ras preciosas2 et leu>as en tu mano la tu s5na que a nombre lab>o1 et solt>as las ri5das al cauallo1 et iras por o qui] que te ell angel gui>1 et leu>as por ti]ra ra/r&o la punta del lab>o1 de guisa que fagas s5nal que p>ezca4 ,et por o aquella s5nal fu]e1 m&>as faz] muros muy altos et muy fu]tes2 et e/a cibdat que es uieia1 torn> la z nueua1 et pon] las nombre del tuyo1 et s]a en ella muy loado el nombre del ,nue/ro ,s5nor ,ihesu ,cri/o1 et aura y mu*as yglesias a onra de todos los santos1 et regn>an en ella tus fijos et tus nietos et todos los que de ti u9i]504#ajj ,!re is also q a long acc\nt ( ! visions beheld by ,mohamm$ :ile he 0 at ,j]usalem1 f :i* city he 0 p]mitt$ to asc5d ?ru ! sev5 heav5s4 ,! compil]s preface ! hi/ory ( ?is ar*-enemy ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? ) ! /atem5t t ,mohamm$ suff]$ f epilepsy1 because ( :i* he saw visions t he ?\ght 7 ( ,god b 9 reality !y 7 ( ! ,devil4#aja ,! acc\nt ends also ) a rem9d] to ! same effect#ajb4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,v>i\s ,,manife/ations ,we n[ come to a gr\p ( miscellane\s elem5ts :i*1 al?o "s ( !m 7 d\btless q common 9 ! daily life ( ! p1 h = "o reason or ano!r receiv$ comp>atively slight att5tion at ! h&s ( ,alfonso4 ,"s ( ^!1 z conjur+ = in/ance1 are usually n[ consid]$ z a "p ( black magic1 b x w be not$ 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs t x 0 freely practic$ by ! ,*ur* & 9 fact =m$ a "p ( ! mo/ sacr$ religi\s rites4 ,9 ! discussion t foll[s1 ^! v>i\s subjects are tak5 up 9 alphabetical ord]4 ,i4--,,conjur+ ,conjur+1 says ,alfonso 9 effect1 is ! art ( us+ pot5t words 9 ! "r mann]4 ,!n he illu/rates ! po9t ) nave qua9tness--z he does s (t53 8,^! words1 j l a c>p5t]'s tool1 may s]ve = _m diff]5t purposes1 b x is necess>y1 if !y are to h ! effect desir$1 t !y be said by a p]son :o kn[s h[4 ,! fact t !y d h effect is se5 f ! results ( ev]yday life40#ajc ,! f\r? rank ( ! cl]gy 0 held by ! ,exorci/1 & ?is title 8qui] tanto decir en griego como conjurador1 ca e/os han pod] a conjur> en el nombre de ,dios los demonios que salgan de los homes et que non torn5 ellos jamas3 et por ende deb5 sab] e/as conjuraciones de cu] porque las sepan decir qu&o m5e/] fu]e3 et e/a rd5 fizo prim]am5te el rey ,soloman40#ajd ,h[ mu* ?is %ort passage tak5 f a law book tells u ( ! curr5t beliefs1 & ( ! place held by conjur+6 ,note1 h[ev]1 t conjur+ 0 limit$1 accord+ to law1 to dispossess+ ! ,devil4 ,?is practice1 l baptism1 0 9 ! h&s ( ! cl]gy & c\ld only be resort$ to by ! layman 9 cases ( dire necessity4 ,en*antm5t & wiz>dry 7 /rictly =bidd51 & = ! practice ( su* crim9ality a fa!r 0 giv5 ! "r to dis9h]it 8 son#aje4 ,9 ?us combatt+ ! ,devil ! sacr$ oil1 or crisma1 0 "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful in/rum5ts4 ,9 sett+ =? its p[] & significance1 ! law reads3 8et por ende la crisma es asi como posad]o de ,ieso ,cri/o1 que toma aquella posada p>a l1 poni5do hi la su seal de la cruz et la entrega de quanto hi falla1 e*&o de hi al diablo et todo lo que hi ti5e40#ajf ,! me?od by :i* ! oil 0 to be prep>$ is exp\nd$ z foll[s3 8 444 halo l 7obispo7 de tom>1 et exrciz>lo et b5decirlo de/a guisa1 deci5do que conjura ,satans1 et todos sus malos espritus1 et a toda man]a de fantasma en el nombre del ,padre1 et del ,fijo et del ,espritu santo que si e/ en aquel olio que se p>ta dl 444 etc40 ,aft] hav+ be5 ?us c>efully prep>$1 8,gr&e es la virtud que ha en e/e olio 444 ,e/a virtud es en tres man]as3 ,la prim]a en la natura del olio1 la segunda en las palabras que se dic5 sobre l1 la t]c]a en las obras que se fac5 con l40#ajg ,n only ! crisma1 b c]ta9 words 7among !m ! foll[+7 possess$ special virtue3 8,avem>a01 because f ! cont5ts ( t pray] "o comes to und]/& ! my/]y ( ,jesus1 moreov] x conta9s ! words ( salutation us$ by ! angel to ,m>a & ^! words /ill greatly please h]2 8,pat]no/]01 because x reveals ! ,fa!r & conta9s ! sev5 petitions :i* ,jesus taught ,8 disciples2 & 8,cr$o 9 ,deum01 because x reveals ! ,holy ,_s & conta9s all ! fai? & sci5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4#ajh ,f ^! & simil> regulations p]ta9+ to ! v>i\s sacram5ts1 especially baptism1 p]haps we might n err s]i\sly 9 suppos+ t ! practition]s ( black magic receiv$ n a little ( _! inspiration f ! ,*ur* itself1 al?o mu* aga9/ ! w ( ! latt]4 ,) su* a numb] ( laws1 regulations1 etc41 x might at fir/ seem a little surpris+ to f9d s few leg5ds 9 :i* conjur+ plays an important "p1 b probably ?is c be acc\nt$ = by ! fact t x 0 s common a practice t x 0 sc>cely e/eem$ wor?y ( m5tion4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ /ory = our pres5t purpose--& "o :i* is illu/rative ( ! gr\p 9 g5]al--is t ( ! great debate conduct$ 9 ,rome 9 ! ye> #cbj betwe5 ! ,*ri/ians & ! ,jews4 ,! latt]1 to prove ! sup]iority ( _! ,god1 :isp]$ ,8 "n 9 ! e> ( an angry bull1 :i* promptly fell dead4 ,! ,*ri/ians w5t ev5 fur!r2 !y :isp]$ ! "n ( _! ,god 9 ! e> ( ! dead animal1 :i* imm$iately return$ to life &1 q g5tle & meek1 0 l$ f ! assembly4#aji ,9 ,las ,cantigas conjur+ is m5tion$ only 9 pass+ ref]5ces1 & almo/ always x is ! ,devil :o is conjur$ to leave a p]son 7,no4 #fg74 ,b 9 "o in/ance we h ! well kn[n /ory ( a man1 ?is "t a monk1 :o has at 8 comm& ! s]vices ( ! ,devil & :5 ,satan _c procure = him :at he desires1 because ! p]son conc]n$ is "u ! special protection ( ,santa ,m>a1 ! monk ?reat5s him & 8 ho/ ( imps 9 ^! words3 8,ide faz] ,com' eu a donzela aia log' e/a noit' en meu pod]2 se non1 eu ha r$oma todos uos enss]r>a40 7,no4 #abe47 ,,ii4--,,gho/s ,!re is n a g5u9e clean-cut gho/ 9 ! entire p]iod4 ,9 fact1 su* app>itions z we "k !m seem nev] to h fl\ri%$ v vigor\sly 9 ,spa94 ,!re are fantasmas1 & sombras1 etc41 9 abundance 9 a lat] p]iod1 b ! gho/ t appeals to pres5t day obs]v]s 0 entirely lack+4 ,9 ! "t ( ,alfonso ,x1 ! function ( ! gho/1 :i* is usually t ( issu+ w>n+s f ! o!r _w1 0 g5]ally ex]cis$ by ! sa9ts or angels4 ,9 "o case1 x is true1 a fri> returns aft] 8 decease to expla9 to 8 two bre?r5 :y 8 corpse turn$ black at dea? & 0 re/or$ to its natural color :5 a c&le f ! alt> ( ! ,virg9 0 plac$ 9 its h& 7,no4 #abc74 ,b ?is is a v poor example2 !re is no elem5t ( fe> record$4 ,! %ade does n pass ?ru clos$ doors1 weapons d n pi]ce its body )\t effect1 etc4 ,emp]or ,julian has a r gho/ly exp]i5ce :5 he is kill$ by ! phantom knight1#aaj b ?is is 9 reality a return$ sa9t & n a gho/1 & besides he kills ) a weapon--a mo/ unor?odox piece ( behavior = a gho/4 ,!re is only "o good gho/ /ory 9 ! entire lot1 & ?is claims to be no m ?an a n>rative f ,roman hi/ory1 app>5tly told solely because x is 9 ! old records4 ,emp]or ,caius ,caligula 0 assass9at$ & 8 enemies half burn$ 8 body1 !n 9 ha/e p>tially buri$ x4 ,because ( ?is 8 _s c\ld n re/ 9 peace b torm5t$ ! keep]s ( ! g>d5 :]e ! body lay1 & ! gu>dians ( ! place :]e he _h be5 kill$1 until ! cremation 0 prop]ly p]=m$ & ! a%es suitably buri$4 ,?is has inde$ ! necess>y elem5ts ( a gho/ /ory1 b z indicat$ above1 x seems to h f\nd its way into ! lit]ature purely by *ance & makes no lit]>y impression on ! p]iod4#aaa ,,iii4--,,! ,,ho/ ,! sacram5t ( communion 0 int5d$ especially to remove ! t5d5cy to d evil r ?an good4 ,?is sacram5t be+ ! mo/ frequ5tly obs]v$ ( all & 9 _m ways closely associat$ ) ,extreme ,unction :i* may be describ$ z ! mo/ pot5t1 !re grew up ar\nd ! ,ho/ a numb] ( leg5ds4 ,! ,ho/1 on acc\nt ( its extreme sacr$ness1 became "o ( ! favorite po9ts ( attack = ! practition]s ( black magic1 :o seem$ to h consid]$ x z a mo/ p[]ful *>m4 ,f\r ( ! miracles#aab 9 ,las ,cantigas 7 p]=m$ to protect x f su* an unholy use1 al?o 9 only "o ( ^!1 :i* is briefly z foll[s1 does ! black magician appe> 9 p]son3#aac a c\ntryman wi%$ to secure a l>ge yield ( honey ) little ef=t1 s he consult$ a sorteira1 :o told him t next "t he w5t to communion he %\ld n swall[ ! ,ho/ nor t\* x ) 8 tee? b %\ld take x & put x 9 "o ( ! hives4 ,hav+ done s1 he f\nd lat] ^u op5+ ! hive1 an image ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild4 ,fright5$1 he ha/5$ to ! prie/1 :o ord]$ ! m>vel tak5 9 procession to ! *ur*4 ,!re1 :5 x 0 bless$1 x turn$ back aga9 into ! simple ,ho/4 ,! ,ho/ is aga9 trans=m$ 9 ,no4 #adi4 ,"h x is a dev\t prie/ :o _c br+ himself to believe 9 transub/antiation4 ,"o day at ,mass ! ,ho/ disappe>$ & ! prie/ saw be=e him ! ,virg9 & ,*ild4 ,he ask$ ! ,virg9 if %e _h ! ,ho/4 8,yes1 x is "h10 %e said %[+ him h] ,son4 ,) t1 ^u expla9+ :y x took ! =m ( bread & w9e1 %e disappe>$4 ,z %e vani%$ ! prie/ aga9 saw ! bread & w9e z x 0 previ\sly1 b he no long] d\bt$4 ,aside f ?is type ( /ory1 illu/rat+ ! sacr$ness & inviolability ( ! ,ho/1 !re are a numb] ( cures ( v>i\s k9ds purport+ to h be5 wr\ght 9 p]sons wait+ be=e ! alt> at ! "t ( ,mass4#aad ,! h\rs !mselves at :i* ,mass 0 celebrat$ 7 symbolic4 ,^! 7 ord9>ily ! ?ird h\r1 ! h\r 9 :i* ! ,jews dem&$ ! dea? ( ,jesus & 9 :i* ,he 0 sc\rg$2 ! six? h\r1 t ( ! crucifixion & ! asc5sion2 or ! n9? h\r4 ,9 cases ( conflict ) an h\r ( regul> occupation1 or o!r reason ( necessity1 private ,mass might be said e>li] or lat] up to ! n9? h\r4#aae ,at ,*ri/mas a cl]gyman might recite ?ree ,masses 7usually he 0 all[$ to recite only "o a day71 & !y 7 to be at ! foll[+ h\rs3 7#a7 at cock-cr[+ be=e dawn1 signify+ ! "t :5 ! p 7 /ill 9 d>kness1 7#b7 at dawn1 signify+ ! semi-light ( ! prophets1 & 7#c7 at ! ?ird h\r1 repres5t+ ! full light ( ! pres5t disp5sation4#aaf ,! c]emony ( ! ,mass 0 "o :i* ! ,devil c\ld n v5ture to look ^u4 ,9 ord] to te/ :e!r a que/ionable peculi>ity 0 ( ! devil1 ! p]son affect$ by x 0 sometimes tak5 to ,mass1 z 9 ! case ( a "y girl :o _h be5 plac$ 9 a conv5t & consecrat$ to ! ,*ur*1 b :o develop$ a mania = fondl+ ! ,*ild ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 )\t opposition on ! "p ( ! ,holy ,"m4 ,at la/ ! community discov]$ ! situation1 &1 duly %ock$1 appeal$ to ! ,pope4 ,he did n "k :at to say1 s he decid$ to te/ ! case at ,mass4 ,dur+ ! c]emony1 at ! girl's reque/1 he _h ! image ( ! ,virg9's ,*ild plac$ 9 ! girl's arms4 ,^u receiv+ x %e exclaim$1 8,?is is my *ild & ,i want to g ) him40 ,say+ :i*1 %e took ! ,ho/ & expir$1 go+ to be ) ,him 9 p>adise 7,no4 #bea74aag ,,iv4--,,my/ic ,,numb]s ,! ,spani%--z be=e intimat$--are a highly imag9ative race & incl9e to look = a my/ical mean+ or a symbol 9 ev]y?+4 ,x 0 probably due to ?is t ! ,ca?olic fai?1 ) its elaborate c]emonial1 cr[d$ ) symbolism1 0 s f]v5tly embrac$ by ! nation z a :ole4 ,= !m e ev5t 0 fraught ) an hidd5 mean+4 ,! enigma ( ! future1 = example1 _h be5 writt5 by ! my/]i\s f+] ( ,god 9 ! />s4 ,!re 0 a special my/]y1 aga91 %r\d+ c]ta9 numb]s1 p>ticul>ly ?ree1 sev51 & n9e4 ,s9ce !re 7 ?ree clases ( s9s1 v5ial1 crim9al1 & mortal1 ! prie/1 9 ! c]emony ( baptism1 0 to brea! ?ree times 9 ! face ( ! c&idate1 conjur+ ! ,devil to leave ! body2 ?ree times 0 he to conjure salt & put x 9 ! m\? ( ! p]son2 & ?ree times mu/ he imm]se ! infant :o 0 ! recipi5t ( ! rite4 ,aga9 !re 7 n9e ord]s ( angels1 n9e also ( ! cl]gy--n9e be+ ! squ>e ( ?ree4#aah ,b ! greate/ & mo/ significant ( all numb]s 0 sev54 ,!re 7 sev5 ?+s ne$$ be=e a *ur* 0 complete 7,p>tidas1 #a-aj-ad72 sev5 privileges ( ! prelates ov] ! cl]gy 7#a-e-fe72 sev5 puni%m5ts = crime 7#g-ca-d72 sev5 virtues a k+ %\ld possess 7#b-e-g & #h74 ,ea* (ficial mu/ swe> to sev5 ?+s2 !re are twice sev51 or f\rte51 jo9ts 9 ! h&1 & !re=e twice sev5 articles ( fai?1 z ! articles ( fai? h ! same function 9 ! div9e h& z ! jo9ts 9 ! human 7#a-c-c74 ,!re are sev5 notes 9 ! musical scale4#aai ,b to give a j idea ( ! true significance ( ?is numb] ,i c d no bett] ?an to quote f ! ,prlogo ( ,las ,siete ,p>tidas1 pages six & sev54 ,,por ,,quales ,,razones ,,e/e ,,libro ,,es ,,dep>tido ,,en ,,siete ,,p>tes ,sept5>io es un cu5to muy noble que lo>on mu*o los sabios antiguos1 porque se fallan en l muy mu*as cosas et muy sealadas que se dep>t5 por cu5to de siete1 asi como todas las criaturas que son dep>tidas en siete man]as4 ,ca segunt dixo ,ari/otiles et los otros sabios1 es criatura que non ha cu]po n+uno1 mas es espiritual como angel et alma2 es cu]po simple que non se eng5dra n9 se corrompe por natura1 et es cele/ial1 asi como los cielos et las e/rellas2 ha cu]po simple que se corrompe et se eng5dra por natura1 como los elem5tos2 ha cu]po compue/o et alma de crec]1 et de s5tir et de razon> como home2 ha cu]po compue/o et alma de crec] et de s5tir et non de razon>1 asi como las otras animalias que no son homes2 ha cu]po compue/o de crec]1 mas non de s5timi5to n9 de razon1 asi como los rboles et todas las otras plantas2 ha cu]po compue/o et non alma n9 s5timi5to1 asi como los metales1 et las pi$ras et las cosas m9]ales que se crian en la ti]ra4 ,otrosi todas las cosas naturales ban movimi5to que se dep>te en siete man]as2 ca o es asuso ayuso1 delante atras1 die/ro s9ie/ro1 en d]r$or4 ,et en e/e mesmo cu5to fall>on los sabios antiguos las siete e/rellas mas nombradas1 que llaman planetas1 et de que tom>on cu5to por los siete cielos en que e/an por los sus nombres2 et ord5>on por ellos los siete dias de la semana4 ,et los sabios dep>ti]on por e/e cu5to de siete las p>tes de toda la ti]ra que llaman climas4 ,et por e/e mesmo cu5to dep>ti]on los metales2 et otrosi algunos hi hobo que por e/e cu5to de siete p>ti]on los sab]es que llaman artes3 eso mesme feci]on de la edad del home4 ,et aun por ese mesmo cu5to demo/r ,dios los que eran sus amigos mu*as de sus poridades por fe*o et por semejanza1 asi como ,noe1 qui5 m& fac] el area en que se salvase del deluvio1 et que le m& que de todas las cosas que fues5 bu5as et limpias metiese en ella siete4 ,otrosi ,jacob1 que fue patri>ca s]vi a su suegro siete aos por ,ra*l1 et porque le di a ,lia s]vi otros siete por ella mesma1 et e/o fu por muy grant significanza4 ,et ,josep1 su fijo1 que fue pod]oso sobre toda la ti]ra de ,egipto por el sueo que solt al rey ,f>aon de los siete aos de m5gua et de los siete de abondo1 segunt el sueo que el ,rey sara de las siete espigas et de las siete vacas3 e/o fue fe*o de grant devocion4 ,otrosi ,moys5 qu&o le m& fac] el tab]nculo en que fecies5 oracion los fijos de ,israel1 le m& que entre todas las otras cosas que sealadam5te posiese d5tro de l un c&el]o de oro fe*o en man]a de rbol1 en que habiese siete ramos1 que fuese fe*o por grant significanza4 ,et ,david1 que fue otrosi rey de ,israel1 por gracia que le v5o de nue/ro seor ,ieso ,cri/o1 fizo por ,espritu ,santo el salt]io1 que es una de las mejores escripturas de santa ,eglesia1 et mo/r en l siete cosas1 asi como pr(eca1 et oracion1 et loor1 et b5dicion1 et repreh5dimi5to1 et consejo et p5it5cia4 ,et despues de todo e/o qu&o nue/ro ,seor quiso fac] tan grant m]c] al mundo que de pr5d] came de la virg5 santa ,m>a por nos salv>1 et que le podisemos ve] vesiblem5te1 et conosc] que era ,dios et home1 por e/e cu5to1 segun dixo el pr(eta1 hobo l en si siete dones de ,espiritu ,santo4 ,et otrosi por e/e cu5to1 segunt dixi]on los santos1 hobo santa ,m>a siete plac]es muy gr&es del su fijo1 que se cantan en santa eglesia4 ,et en e/e cu5to mesmo nos di nue/ro seor ,ieso ,cri/o siete sacram5tos1 porque nos podisemos salv>4 ,et otrosi en e/e mesmo cu5to nos mo/r l mesmo la oracion del pat] no/] en que ha siete cosas en que le debemos p$ir m]c$4 ,otrosi san ,iohan evangeli/a1 que fue p>i5te et amigo de nue/ro seor ,iesu ,cri/o1 fizo un libro1 que llaman ,apocalipse1 de muy gr&es poridades que le l demo/r1 et las mayores cosas que en l escribi son todas p>tidas por e/e cu5to de siete4 ,onde por todas e/as razones que mue/ran mu*os bi5es que en e/e cu5to son1 p>timos e/e nue/ro libro en siete p>tes1 et mo/ramos en la prim]a dellas de todas las cosas que p]t5esc5 a la santa fe catlica4 ,:ile "o ( ! greate/ ( all my/]ies 0 t connect$ ) c]ta9 numb]s ! idea did n /op "h4 ,j]usalem 0 de/roy$ 9 ! same mon? ,jesus 0 crucifi$4#abj ,! well kn[n biblical my/]y traditions connect$ ) ! e>?ly life ( ,jesus are all fai?fully n>rat$4#aba ,attila is suppli$ ) a sword f ,vulcan 9 a my/]i\s way4#abb ,alej&ro el ,magno & 8 ho/1 aft] travel+ = sev5 days 9 d>kness 9 ! ,ori5t come to a riv] 8que habia las aguas caldas1 et fall>on alli all5d ese rio mugi]es que moraban y muy f]mosas1 et ve/ian unas ve/iduras muy espantosas1 et &aban en caballos et trai5 en las manos armas doro1 por que non habi5 fi]ro n9 cobre de que las fac]1 n9 habie v>on maslo entre todas ellas4 8,e ,alex&re quisi]a pas> el rio a ellas1 mas non pudo por n+una guisa por que era an*o et ll5o de dragones et de otras be/ias fi]as muy gr&es40#abc ,aft] leav+ ?is place & j\rney+ a little f>!r amid v>i\s adv5tures !y aga9 come ^u ano!r l& ( 8mugi]es muy gr&es de cu]pos et las b>bas tan lu5guas que les alcanzaban fa/a en las tetas1 et las cabezas planas2 et vi/i5 pielles1 et eran muy bu5as cazadoras et corr$oras de mont1 et pora corr] mont en log>es de canes1 trai5 be/ias fi]as enseadas pora ello1 et ensaaban se las ellas4 ,e cu&o entr>on ,alex&re et su hue/ en aquellas selvas o e/as mugi]es eran1 et vi]on ellos a ellas et ellas a ellos fuxi]on ellas2 et caball]os de ,mac$onia cu&o las vi]on foir cogi]on empos ellas en sus caballos et alcanz>on d5 ya cuantas1 et prisi]on dellas et aduxi]on las a ,alex&re4 8,alex&re cu&o las vi m& las pregunt> por el l5guaje de ,india que dixies5 como v9i5 a mor> a aquellas selvas o morada de homne del mondo non habie4 ,fabl>on ellas et dixi]on que vivi]on de caza que faci5 con be/ias fi]as et non dal1 et que moraban por ende siempre en las selvas4 ,et sali]on daquellas selvas ,alex&re et su hue/ a los campos gr&es et an*os1 et fall>on alli de cabo otros v>ones et mugi]es2 et las mugi]es desnuyas todas2 et habi5 todos los cu]pos vellosos de pelos como be/ias4 ,et era co/umbre daquellos homes et daquellas mugi]es de mor> en aquel rio et en la ti]ra et asi como fue v9i5do la hue/ et lleg&o les aquellas mugi]es somurgui]on se ellas luego en el rio2 et e/udi]on alli una pieza ,alex&re et su hue/ por ve] si saldri5 et prob> ellos ende mas4 ,et movi]on dalli et fu]on y5do adelant1 et fall>on otras mugi]es que habi5 di5tes como de pu]cos monteses et los cabellos de las cabezas tan lu5gos que les daban por los tobiellos1 et el otro cu]po que lo habi5 todo velloso de pelos como el e/rucio et el camello1 et en los lomiellos que habi5 como vaca que las colgaban alli ayuso2 et el e/ado dellas de lu5go era de doce pies40#abd ,v4--,,relics ,relics1 :i* play$ an exce$+ly important "p 9 ! life ( ! m$ieval ,*ur*1 might consi/ ( any?+ :i* =m]ly belong$ to a sa9t or to ,jesus1 or any?+ :i* might s]ve z evid5ce 9 e/abli%+ a miracle4 ,e alt>1 ^u be+ consecrat$1 %\ld h "s relics plac$ )9 x1#abe & ^! usually 7 ( miracle-work+ p[] !mselves4 ,at ,*>tres !re 0 a c]ta9 dress t _h belong$ to ! ,virg91 on :i* x 0 ! cu/om to place clo? :i* 0 made up into g>m5ts = w>riors1 because x 0 believ$ t aft] be+ ?us treat$ g>m5ts made f x w\ld be invuln]able4 ,9 fact a knight we>+ "o ( ^! 0 attack$ :ile un>m$1 & al?o 8 enemies ?\ght !y _h pi]c$ him ?ru & ?ru he 0 9 reality unh>m$ 7,no4 #adh74 ,! bones ( ,/4 ,?omas1 toge!r ) a lett] purport+ to h be5 writt5 by ,jesus1 7 s p[]ful t :5 plac$ ov] ! gate ( ,edessa no enemy c\ld ent] )\t fir/ mak+ peace ) ! city4#abf ,v int]e/+ is ! case ( ! humble woman :o w5t to confession & aft] do+ p5ance ask$ = a writt5 c]tificate ( p>don1 :i* aft] "s hesitation 0 giv54 ,mis=tune ov]took h] & %e 0 =c$ to beg4 ,9 "o city %e came ^u a money*ang] & ask$ ! loan ( a small sum b he w\ld n let h] h x )\t security4 ,! only security %e c\ld (f] 0 ?is c]tificate ( p>don4 ,! money*ang] laugh$ at ! idea1 b f9ally promis$ to let h] h ! equival5t ( its weight 9 gold1 & putt+ x on 8 scales 0 a/oni%$ to f9d t all 8 gold w\ld n balance x4 ,?is conv9c$ him1 & becom+ conv]t$ he told ! woman to take :atev] am\nt %e ne$$4 7,no4 #cje74 ,su* relics n only _h ! p[] to "w miracles b 7 !mselves div9ely protect$4 ,"o man1 a peasant1 laugh$ at ! idea t a c]ta9 %oe on ! alt> 9 ! *ur* _h ev] belong$ to ! ,virg91 because1 he said1 a %oe z old z t w\ld n be 9 s good a /ate ( pres]vation4 ,to cure him ( su* flagrant unbelief %e afflict$ him 9 ! m\? 9 su* a mann] t he c\ld be cur$ only ^u ! application ( ! %oe 9 "q 7,no4 #fa74 ,at ano!r "t "s prie/s1 by ! exhibition ( relics1 7 collect+ money to rebuild a *ur*4 ,9 ! c\rse ( _! travels !y ent]$ a %ip ) "s m]*antm54 ,aft] a %ort :ile !y 7 attack$ by pirates1 & 9 ! face ( dang] ! m]*ants1 to secure immunity1 (f]$ gifts ( money = ! build+ ( ! *ur*4 ,:5 ! dang] 0 safely pass$ !y rep5t$ ( _! extravagance & took back _! donations1 buy+ wool = _! own use ) ! money4 ,%ortly aft]w>d a /roke ( lightn+ set fire to _! pur*ases1 ?us av5g+ bo? ,god & ! ,virg9 7,no4 #ce74 ,naturally1 "s relics 7 m p[]ful & m sacr$ ?an o!rs1 & !y v>i$ 9 ^! respects accord+ to ! importance ( ! sa9t to :om !y belong$2 & seem+ly 7 protect$ 9 a l measure4 ,:5 ,alfonso el ,sabio left ,seville = ,ca/ile he ord]$ ! relics ( ! ,virg91 along ) ^? ( ! o!r sa9ts1 to be c>efully put away1 b :5 he return$ t5 ye>s lat] he f\nd only ^? ( ! ,virg9 9 p]fect condition2 ^? ( ! o!r sa9ts _h decay$ 7,no4 #beg74 ,,conclusion ,aft] ! =ego+ inve/igation ! fact is impress$ on u m vividly ?an ev] t ! ,spa9 ( ! ,middle ,ages 0 truly ! "m ( ! ,spa9 ( today4 ,h]s 7 a p ) a lively imag9ation1 b ?is 0 dom9at$ by ! two elem5ts :i* h always be5 mo/ m>k$ 9 h] hi/ory--religion & realism4 ,& :]ev] ^! two elem5ts ent] into ! developm5t ( ! sup]natural 9 ! m9d ( man1 ! ,spani% contribution has to be tak5 s]i\sly into ! acc\nt4 ,x is impossible1 z /at$ previ\sly1 to affirm :i* ( ! m$ieval traditions are ,spani% & :i* are n4 ,! mo/ t we c hope to d is to note :at type ( leg5d appeal$ to ?is p2 ( all ! ho/ ( sup]natural /ories common ?r\gh ! ,europe ( ! ,middle ,ages1 to det]m9e :at classes or types f\nd _! way into ,spa9 & !re 7 welcom$1 be+ repeat$ f g5]ation to g5]ation 7becom+ ?us a "p ( ! national tradition72 & :at k9d or k9ds 7 reject$ because !y did n h ?is appeal4 ,9 ,spa9 ! beliefs & sup]/itions we h be5 pass+ 9 review1 hav+ z _! />t+ po9t ! actual obs]vation ( objective nature & ( human nature1 7 amaz+ly multif>i\s4 ,! /udy 9 p>ticul> ( om5s & ( auguries1 bas$ on ! real exp]i5ces ( life1 made a peculi> appeal to ! ,spani>ds1 z is witness$ by ! abundance ( mat]ial conc]n+ su* f\nd at e turn 9 ! e>ly lit]ature4 ,contra/$ ) ?is is ! notable lack ( ! fanta/ic & purely imag9>y1 s popul> among ! nations ( ! nor?1 z well z among ! ,mohamm$ans4 ,! effect ( ?is reali/ic _s on ! religion ( ! p1 ! o!r dom9at+ elem5t ( _! national life1 mu/ also be not$4 ,! unreal gho/ has giv5 place to ! m naturali/ic sa9t or angel1 = _! religion p]mitt$ no d5ial ( ! exi/5ce ( ^! two ord]s ( be+s4 ,moreov]1 soo?say]s1 div9]s1 & o!r simil> *>act]s 7 recogniz$ by ! ,*ur* z a real =ce1 z is evid5c$ by ! ,*ur*'s con/ant w>f>e aga9/ !m4 ,& ! ,devil6 ,:at good m$ieval ,*ri/ian1--above all1 :at ,spani>d1--c\ld refuse to believe 9 him8 ,to summ>ize3 ,we are impress$ fir/ by ! comm&+ prom95ce accord$ to ! p]sonalities ( ! sa9ts1 especially ,sa9t ,m>y1 !n ( ,santiago 7,/4 ,james7 & ! o!rs2 next1 ( ! pr$om9at+ importance ( ! rle ( ! ,*ild ,jesus1 ) ! relegation to a comp>atively unimportant place ( ! adult ,savi\r2 & f9ally ( ! enemies ( ,god1 head$ by ,diabolus4 ,! works & influ5ces ( all ! above are manife/$ 9 dreams & visions1 miracles & port5ts1 9 almo/ e conceivable =m1 conjur+1 =tune-tell+1 etc4 ,! ritual ( ! *ur* s]vice1 especially ( ! sacram5ts1 becomes int]tw9$ & adorn$ ) :at _m fai?ful *ur*m5 ( ! pres5t "t w\ld d\btless be will+ to class z d[nright sup]/itions4 ,om5s & ! l1 because ( _! reali/ic appeal1 cont9ue 9 spite ( ! con/ant opposition ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 contra/ to ?is1 h[ev]1 we f9d no unque/ionable gho/s4 ,! 8magic r+01 moreov]1 is entirely lack+1 z is ne>ly all t type ( ,arabian magic4 ,k+ ,ob]on1 ) 8 fairy b&1 has n yet made 8 appe>ance1 & ! sage ,m]l9 is only allud$ to occasionally by ! le>n$4 ,subt]ranean cities /ill rema9 limit$ to _! nor!rn abode4 ,! well-kn[n mal de ojo is abs5t1 & en*antm5t is little he>d (4 ,! ,w]ewolf1 m5tion$1 x is said1 by ,pomponius ,mela1 ,h]odotus1 & ,ovid1 is entirely neglect$ & omitt$ ei!r ?ru simple ignorance ( x or because x does n con=m to _! reali/ic ?\ght4 ,! se>* = ! elixir ( life is only fa9tly h9t$ at 9 ! re/oration ( y\? to ! ag$ prie/ :o seeks help f ! ,virg9 7,no4 #ada74 ,! my? ( sup]natural prolongation ( life is to be f\nd only 9 its primitive /ages1 9 su* leg5ds z t ( ,m>a ,egipciaca & 9 "s ( ! miracles conta9$ 9 ,las ,cantigas1 & yet we are told t1 8,! fir/ appe>ance ( ! ,w&]+ ,jew 9 ,engl& is 9 ! *ronicles ( ,rog] ( ,w5dov]1 :o reports ! leg5d z be+ told at ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,albans by an ,arm5ian bi%op1 9 #abbh1 b to he>]s already famili> ) x40#abg ,arabian influ5ce does appe>1 h[ev]1 q frequ5tly1 especially 9 c]ta9 types ( visions su* z ^? 9 :i* a p]son is transport$ f "o po9t to ano!r to witness v>i\s sc5es2 z well also z 9 ^? 9 :i* ! subject sleeps _m ye>s :ile exp]i5c+ ! joys ( ,p>adise4 ,fr5* religi\s traditions deal+ ) v>i\s %r9es 7 common prop]ty4 ,_m ( ! miracles relat$ 9 ,las ,cantigas are said to h be5 p]=m$ 9 ,france1 especially at ,soissons4 ,! g5]al impression ga9$ f ! /udy is t we are /&+ at ! beg9n+ ( a new p]iod2 t soon !re is go+ to unfold be=e u a magnific5t spectacle1 s f> z ! sup]natural is conc]n$1 9 :i* ^! elem5ts1 ^: beg9n+s we c ev5 n[ disc]n1 w pres5t !mselves 9 all _! fullness1 b at ! same "t ^? :i* h already rea*$ _! culm9ation w survive1 &1 be+ ! product ( ! real life & s\l ( ! nation1 w /ill be ! det]m9+ factors 9 %ap+ its beliefs & practices1 z x cont9ues its c\rse among ! ho/s ( outside influ5ces x is soon to enc\nt]4 ,z we close ! /udy we c n1 if we w\ld1 resi/ ! p]vasive *>m ca/ ov] u by ! simplicity ( ! primitive age ) its *ildlike fai?4 ,f "t to "t ! canvas has be5 rev]s$1 ! cu/om>y m$ieval picture has be5 *ang$1 ! s\nd ( ! bugle1 ! glitt] ( burni%$ arms1 ! noise ( battle1 h n[ rec$$ into ! backgr\nd1 & al?o we are /ill fa9tly consci\s ( !m we become almo/ unaw>e ( _! pres5ce4 ,9 ! =egr\nd h aris51 we sc>cely "k h[ or :5ce1 ! common p1 ) _! %eep & _! goats1 _! games ( *ance & _! w9e1 _! joys & _! sorr[s1 _! loves & _! hates1 _! m>riages1 bir?s1 dea?s--all ^!--along ) _! int]e/+ sup]/itions & ard5t devotion to _! local sa9ts1 z well z _! fidelity to _! "l1 :o moves ab\t among !m z _! gu>dian & protector4 ,,classification ,,( ,,! ,,miracles ,,9 ,,las ,,cantigas ,i ,a4--,,direct ,,answ] ,,to ,,pray] ,,by ,,! ,,virg9 a4 ,life re/or$ or su/a9$4 #ad1 #bf1 #dc1 #de1 #gf1 #hd1 #aaa1 #aae1 #aah1 #abb1 #abd1 #acc1 #afg1 #afh1 #aga1 #agh1 #ahb1 #aig1 #bjd1 #bbd1 #bcg1 #bda1 #ccd1 #cdg1 #cgh1 #cha1 #chi4 7,see p4 #cb-cd = discussion ( gr\p47 b4 ,bodily ailm5ts cur$4 #cg1 #dg1 #ec1 #fi1 #gg1 #ha1 #hf1 #hi1 #ia1 #ib1 #ic1 #aja1 #aje1 #aad1 #aag1 #abf1 #abg1 #acd1 #ada1 #adf1 #aeg1 #afc1 #aff1 #agc1 #agd1 #agg1 #agi1 #ahi1 #aia1 #aii1 #bja1 #bjf1 #bji1 #bah1 #bba1 #bbc1 #bbd1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bdd1 #bef1 #bfc1 #bfe1 #bfh1 #bfi1 #bge1 #bgh1 #bgi1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #bhi1 #bic1 #bih1 #cjh1 #cad1 #cae1 #caf1 #cai1 #cbb1 #cbg1 #ccc1 #ccg1 #cch1 #cdc1 #cdf1 #ceg1 #cfb1 #cfc1 #cfd1 #cfg1 #cfh1 #cgb1 #cge1 #che1 #chi1 #cia1 #cic4 7,see p4 #ce-ch47 c4 ,physical h>m prev5t$4 #g1 #ac1 #ae1 #ag1 #bb1 #be1 #bh1 #ce1 #cf1 #di1 #ea1 #ee1 #eg1 #fd1 #gd1 #gh1 #hb1 #hc1 #hf1 #id1 #ig1 #ajb1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #aba1 #abe1 #ace1 #ach1 #adb1 #add1 #aea1 #aeh1 #afe1 #agb1 #aha1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #aic1 #aid1 #aie1 #bac1 #bbg1 #bcc1 #bce1 #bcf1 #bdb1 #bde1 #bdi1 #bea1 #beb1 #bed1 #bee1 #bfd1 #bff1 #bga1 #bhf1 #bhg1 #bia1 #cja1 #cjc1 #cac1 #cbe1 #cci1 #cda1 #ced1 #cga1 #chc4 7,see p4 #ch-dj47 d4 ,miracles 9 :i* b>ga9+ occurs4 #ca1 #dc1 #dd1 #ig1 #ajf1 #aab1 #aah1 #aba1 #abi1 #aff1 #afg1 #agb1 #agf1 #agh1 #aig1 #bfh1 #bga1 #bia1 #cdg1 #ceb1 #cff1 #cgd1 #cge1 #cgf1 #cgg1 #cgh1 #chb1 #che1 #chi4 7,see p4 #dj-dc47 e4 ,unmoral miracles4 #c1 #g1 #ac1 #ag1 #ee1 #id1 #aaa1 #bad1 #bee1 #bia4 7,see p4 #dc-de47 f4 ,miracles 9 :i* sacr$ brea/s or milk occur4 #ed1 #ic1 #ach4 7,see p4 #de-df47 g4 ,possessions re/or$ or sav$ or ?+s suppli$4 #bc1 #dd1 #dh1 #fb1 #gc1 #aab1 #adc1 #adg1 #aei1 #agb1 #agh1 #ahg1 #bjb1 #bab1 #bca1 #bcb1 #bdc1 #cbc1 #cbf1 #cdh1 #ceb1 #ced1 #cff1 #cfi1 #cgf1 #chb1 #chf1 #cih4 7,see p4 #df-di47 h4 ,^? ( o!r fai?s protect$4 #hi1 #ajg1 #afg1 #aha4 7,see p4 #di47 i4 ,?reats or ! appeal to reputation avail mu*4 #bc1 #gf1 #bcc1 #bdg4 7,see p4 #di-ea47 ,b4--,,miracles ,,volunt>ily ,,p]=m$ a4 ,life re/or$ or su/a9$4 #f1 #aa1 #ba1 #if1 #aca1 #age1 #caa1 #cbc1 #cee4 7,see p4 #ee-eh47 b4 ,physical ailm5ts cur$4 #cc1 #da1 #aef1 #bbh1 #bei1 #bfb1 #bgf1 #bgi1 #cbd1 #cca4 7,see p4 #eh47 c4 ,physical h>m prev5t$4 #d1 #fd1 #fg1 #aji1 #aac1 #aai1 #afa1 #afd1 #aib1 #aih1 #bje1 #baf1 #bbb1 #bbe1 #bea1 #bff1 #cjb1 #cje1 #cag1 #cdd1 #cei1 #cii4 7,see p4 #eh47 d4 ,miracles 9 :i* b>ga9+ occurs4 #cjg4 7,see p4 #eh47 e4 ,unmoral miracles4 #aa1 #aai1 #bha4 7,see p4 #eh47 f4 ,miracles 9 :i* sacr$ brea/s or milk occur4 7,see p4 #fa47 g4 ,possessions re/or$ or sav$ or ?+s suppli$4 #b1 #eb1 #aaf1 #ade1 #bjc1 #baa1 #bbh1 #beh1 #cbh1 #cea1 #cef1 #ceh1 #cgi4 7,see p4 #fa-fb47 h4 ,^? ( o!r fai?s protect$4 #he1 #bje1 #cgi4 7,see p4 #fb-fe47 i4 ,aid 9 wor%ip or 9 re/ra9+ evil passions4 #acg1 #aea1 #aeb1 #aef1 #bjg1 #bbg1 #bdf1 #bff1 #bgc1 #ccf4 7,see p4 #fe-ff47 j4 ,miracles 9 :i* visions occur4 #b1 #af1 #bd1 #cb1 #ec1 #eh1 #fe1 #ff1 #fh1 #fi1 #ga1 #ge1 #gi1 #he1 #hg1 #hh1 #aje1 #aai1 #abe1 #aca1 #acb1 #ace1 #ach1 #ade1 #adi1 #aeb1 #aeh1 #agf1 #aib1 #aie1 #bfa1 #bfb1 #bfc1 #bfi1 #bgd1 #bhd1 #bhe1 #bhh1 #bib1 #bie1 #bif1 #bii1 #cjg1 #cji1 #ccf1 #cde1 #cdh1 #cei1 #cfe1 #cfh1 #cgb1 #chd1 #cii4 7,see p4 #ff-gj47 k4 ,w>n+s & admonitions 7n 9 visions74 #dg1 #hh1 #aed1 #aif1 #bgd4 7,see p4 #gj-gc47 l4 ,rew>ds #b1 #d1 #e1 #h1 #ah1 #ef1 #fc1 #ff1 #hg1 #ie1 #abd1 #ada1 #aee1 #bea1 #bec1 #bha1 #cce1 #cec1 #chd4 7,see p4 #gc-gg47 m4 ,violation ( v[s or acts ( sacrilege puni%$4 #db1 #eg1 #ei1 #ajh1 #aag1 #acb1 #afc1 #bhe1 #cdg1 #cib4 7,see p4 #gg-gh47 n4 ,objects or places ( wor%ip protect$4 #b1 #i1 #ab1 #ai1 #bg1 #cd1 #ch1 #df1 #ea1 #ei1 #fa1 #abc1 #acf1 #aci1 #adh1 #afa1 #afb1 #afd1 #ahc1 #ahc1 #aih1 #bjh1 #bae1 #bag1 #bbi1 #bch1 #bci1 #bdd1 #bdh1 #beg1 #bfb1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bhc1 #bhf1 #bhi1 #bic1 #bid1 #big1 #cjb1 #cjd1 #cad1 #caf1 #cag1 #cah1 #cbg1 #cbi1 #ccb1 #cde4 7,see p4 #gh-ha47 o4 ,virg9 acts z advocate4 #ad1 #de4 7,see p4 #ha-hb47 ,,ii ,miracles p]=m$ by image1 "n1 or relics or ,virg94 #i1 #bg1 #cd1 #ch1 #df1 #ea1 #ei1 #fa1 #abc1 #aci1 #adh1 #afa1 #afb1 #afd1 #ahc1 #ahe1 #aid1 #bjb1 #bji1 #bed1 #bef1 #bfd1 #bgb1 #bid1 #cjc1 #cjf1 #cba1 #ccb1 #cec1 #cfa4 7,see p4 #hc-hg47 ,,iii ,miracles ( my/]y4 #h1 #bi1 #ef1 #ajc1 #aec1 #afb1 #ahd1 #ahh1 #bai1 #bbf1 #cje1 #cac1 #cae1 #cdb1 #cfa4 7,see p4 #hg-hi47 ,,bibliography ,,publi%$ ,,works ,,( ,,alfonso ,x1 ,,el ,,sabio ,alfonso ,x1 el ,sabio1 ,antologa de sus obras1 by ,,antonio ,g4 ,,solal9de1 ,madrid1 #aibb1 #bge pp4 7,a second volume is 9 prep>ation47 ,cantigas de ,santa ,m>a de ,don ,alfonso el ,sabio1 ed4 ,real ,academia ,espaola 7,preface by ! ,m>quis ( ,valm>71 ,madrid1 #ahhi1 #b vols4 ,el libro de ,aj$rez1 das ,spanis*e ,s*a*zabelbu* des knigs ,alfons des weis5 vorn jahre #abhc2 illu/ri]te h&s*rift im besitze d] knigl4 ,biblio!k des ,eskorial voll/ndige na*bildung d] h&s*rift 9 #aid li*tdrucktafeln1 ,leipzig1 #aiac4 7,introduction by ,john ,g4 ,:ite47 ,los libros del ,sab] de ,a/ronoma1 ed4 ,m4 ,rico y ,s9obas1 ,madrid1 #ahfc-ahfg1 #e vols4 ,el lapid>io1 ed4 ,j4 ,f]nndez ,montaa1 ,madrid1 #ahha1 ,,xx pp41 #gf1 #ad numb4 #a41 #gf pp4 ,opsculos legales del ,rey ,don ,alfonso el ,sabio1 ed4 ,real ,academia de la ,hi/oria1 ,madrid1 #ahcf1 #b vols4 ,prim]a ,crnica ,g5]al1 ed4 ( ,r4 ,m5ndez ,pidal 9 ,nueva ,biblioteca de ,autores ,espaoles1 vol4 #e1 ,madrid1 #aijf1 #da #ggf pp4 ,las ,siete ,p>tidas1 glosadas por ,gregorio ,lpez4 ,!re are num]\s editions ( ?is "w4 ,"s ( ! editions available 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are3 ,salamanca1 #aegf1 #c vols4 #a vol4 index2 ,madrid1 #afaa2 ,val5cia1 #agfg2 ,madrid1 #ahbi-ahca1 #c vols4 #a vol4 index 7,! title page ( ?is edition reads1 8,las ,siete ,p>tidas del sabio rey ,don ,alfonso ,,xi1 etc407 ,las ,siete ,p>tidas del ,rey ,don ,alfonso el ,sabio1 ed4 ,real ,academia de la ,hi/oria1 ,madrid1 #ahjg1 #c vols4 ,las ,siete ,p>tidas del ,rey ,don ,alfonso el ,sabio4 ,p&ectas hispano-mejicanas1 o sea1 cdigo g5]al compr5sivo de las leyes g5]ales1 tiles y vivas de las ,siete ,p>tidas1 ed4 ,juan ,rodrguez de ,san ,miguel1 ,mjico1 #ahci-ahdj1 #c vols4 ,las ,siete ,p>tidas del ,rey ,don ,alfonso el ,sabio1 la prim]a p>tida1 textkritis*e unt]su*ung e9] unv]ff5tli*t5 h&s*rift des vi]zehnt5 jahrhundrets1 by ,:ilhelm ,fri$mann1 ,leipzig1 #aiaa4 ,las ,siete ,p>tidas1 & o!r writ+s1 extracts f1 9 ,w>n]'s ,libr>y ( ! _w's be/ lit]ature1 vol4 #a1 pp4 #chc-chh4 ,tabule ,alfonsi hispani>um regis ,l4 ,gaurici artium doctoris egregij !oremata 444 ,9 calce huius libri seorsum annexe sunt tabule ,elisabe? reg9e nup] ca/igate 9 ord9em r$acte p] ,l4 ,gauricum 444 ,v5etiis1 #aebd1 #abc f4 #a4 ,tabulae ,alphons9ae p]petuae motuum coele/ium d5uo re/itutae et illu/r4 a ,franc4 ,g>cia ,v5tanas4 ,traduntur praecepta de fe/4 mobilib4 sec4 correct4 ,gregorianam1 et tabulae con/r4 ad m]idian4 ,toletanum con alg4 grab4 ,en #d4 ,matriti1 #afda4 ,p]g4 #h #abf hh4 ,,works ,,treat+ ,,( ,,alfonso ,,el ,,sabio ,books ,alfonso el ,sabio1 como rey y conqui/ador de la prov9cia de ,cdiz4 ,memoria 9dita1 ,cdiz1 #ahib4 ,,p$ro ,,aguado ,,bleye1 ,santa ,m>ia de ,salas en el siglo ,,xiii2 e/udio sobre las ,cantigas de ,alfonso ,x1 el ,sabio1 ,bilbao1 #aiaf1 #ih pp4 ,,!ophilo ,,braga1 ,cancion]o ,portuguez da ,vaticana1 ,lisbon1 #ahgh1 #aab #bcf pp4 ,,arnold ,,busson1 ,die doppelwahl des ,jahres #abeg 444 etc4 ,mn/]1 #ahff1 #f #acg pp4 ,,emilio ,,ca/el> ,y ,,ripolli1 ,alfonso el ,sabio1 ,rey de ,ca/illa4 ,novela hi/rica orig9al1 ,madrid1 #ahec1 #af #djg #c pp4 ,,manuel ,,colmi]o1 ,cortes de los antiguos re9os de ,len y de ,ca/illa1 ,madrid1 #ahhc-ahhd1 #b vols4 --,reyes cri/ianos desde ,alonso ,,vi ha/a ,alfonso ,,xi1 ,madrid1 #ahid1 #d vols4 ,,emilio ,,cot>elo ,y ,,mori1 ,e/udios de la hi/oria lit]>ia de ,espaa1 ,madrid1 #aija4 ,see pp4 #a-ca4 ,also review 9 ,romania1 #ahih1 vol4 #bg1 p4 #ebe1 by ,a4 ,,morel-,,fatio4 --,docum5tos de la poca de ,alfonso el ,sabio1 ,madrid1 #ahea1 #b vols4 ,,p$ro ,g,,mez ,,de ,,la ,,s]na1 ,sobre el re9ado de ,don ,alfonso el ,sabio4 7,spee* read ^u be+ receiv$ into ! ,real ,academia de la ,hi/oria47 ,madrid1 #aheg1 #gb pp4 ,,gasp> ,,ib,,ez ,,de ,,segovia ,,p]alta ,y ,,m5doza1 m>qus de ,mondj>1 ,memorias hi/ricas del ,rey ,don ,alfonso el ,sabio i obs]vaciones a su ,*rnica1 ,madrid1 #aggg1 #fhg pp41 ,fol4 ,a4 ,g4 ,f4 ,,kolditz1 ,de ,alphonso ,x41 ,ca/illae ,legionisque rege1 cognom9e sapi5tis indigno1 ,s]ve/e1 #ageg4 ,r4 ,,m5,,ndez ,,pidal1 ,l'pope ,ca/illane trav]s la littrature espagnole1 ,p>is1 #aiaj1 #bf-cjf pp4 --,e/udios ,lit]>ios1 ,madrid1 #aibj1 #cde pp4 --,crnicas g5]ates de ,espaa1 #crd4 ed41 ,madrid1 #i #a #bch pp4 ,,francisco ,,m>t,,nez ,,m>9a1 ,ensayo hi/rico-critico sobre la antigua legislacin y pr9cipalis cu]pos legates de los re9os de ,len y ,ca/illa1 especialm5te sobre el cdigo de don ,alfonso el ,sabio1 conocido por el nombre de ,las ,siete ,p>tidas4 #a/4 ed41 ,madrid1 #ahjh1 #b #dej pp42 #bnd4 ed41 ,madrid1 #ahcd1 #b vols42 #crd4 ed41 ,madrid1 #ahde1 #ba #bc #egd pp4 ,,&r,s ,,m>t,,nez ,,salaz>1 ,fragm5to de un nuevo cdice gallego de las ,p>tidas1 ,la ,corua1 #aiaj4 ,,gayetane ,,pu* ,y ,,portoles1 ,hi/oria de las ,siete ,p>tidas de ,alfonso ,x1 ,madrid1 #ahbi1 #cb pp4 ,,antonio ,g4 ,,solal9de1 ,alfonso ,x el ,sabio1 antologa de sus obras1 ,madrid1 #aibb1 #bge pp4 7,second volume is 9 prep>ation47 ,,diego ,,su,,rez1 ,don ,alfonso ,x--sus ideas polticas y sociales1 7,spee* deliv]$ ^u receiv+ ! degree ( ,doctor en ,filos(a y ,letras47 ,madrid1 #ahfa1 #bh pp4 ,,leopoldo ,,augu/o ,,de ,,cueto1 ,m>qus de ,valm>1 ,e/udio hi/rico-critico y fillogico sobre las ,cantigas del rey ,don ,alfonso el ,sabio4 #bnd4 ed41 ,madrid1 #ahig1 #bb #a #djj pp4 7,?is is ! ,introduction to ! ,academy edition ( #ahhi ( ,las ,cantiagas1 publi%$ 9 a sep>ate volume47 ,,jos ,,de ,,v>gas ,y ,,ponce1 ,elogio del ,rey ,alfonso el ,sabio1 ,madrid1 #aghb1 #gf pp4 ,magaz9e ,articles ,alfonso ,x ( ,spa9 & ! code ( #abef1 9 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,education1 #ahgg1 vol4 #bg1 p4 #aeg-afd4 ,,p$ro ,d',,az]$o1 ,duas traduces ,portuguesas d sec4 ,,xiv2 um fragm5to da v]so das ,p>tidas de ,ca/illa1 9 ,revi/a ,lusitana1 #aiac1 vol4 #af1 p4 #aja-aaa4 ,,mi*ael ,,b>r+ton1 ,! ,lapid>io1 etc41 9 ,! ,connoisseur1 ,london1 #aijf1 vol4 #ad1 p4 #ca-cf4 ,,rodolfo ,,be]1 ,los c9co libros que compil ,b]n>do de ,brihuega por ord5 del rey ,don ,alfonso el ,sabio1 9 ,boletn de la ,real ,academia de la ,hi/oria1 #ahhg1 vol4 #b1 p4 #cfc-cfi4 ,a4 ,f4 ,g4 ,,bell1 ,! 8,cantigas de ,santa ,m>a0 ( ,alfonso ,x1 9 ,mod]n ,language ,review1 #aiae1 vol4 #aj1 p4 #cch-cdh4 ,,samuel ,,b]g]1 ,les ,bibles ,ca/ellanes1 9 ,romania1 #ahhi1 vol4 #bh1 p4 #cfj-djh & #ejh-edb4 ,,m>y ,e4 ,,blake1 ,alfonso ,x & ! ,bir? ( ,spani% ,lit]ature1 9 ,ca?olic ,_w1 #ahic1 p4 #eah-ecj4 ,,antonio ,,balle/]os ,y ,,b]etta1 ,un detalle curioso de la biografa de ,alfonso ,x el ,sabio1 9 ,boletn de la ,real ,academia de la ,hi/oria1 #aiah1 vol4 #gc1 p4 #djh-dai4 --,alfonso ,x de ,ca/illa y la corona de ,alemania1 9 ,revi/a de ,ar*ivos1 bibliotecas y museos1 #aiaf1 vol4 #cd1 p4 #a-bc & #ahg-bai2 #aiaf1 vol4 #ce1 p4 #bbc-bdb2 #aiah1 vol4 #ci1 p4 #adb-afb2 #aiai1 vol4 #dj1 p4 #dfg-dij4 ,,h5ry ,,collet & ,,luis ,,villalba1 ,contribution a l'tude des 8,cantigas0 d',alphonse le ,savant1 9 ,bullet9 ,hispanique1 #aiaa1 vol4 #ac1 p4 #bgj-bij4 7,a musical /udy ( "s ( ! ,cantigas47 ,g4 ,,daumet1 ,les te/em5ts d',alphonse ,x le ,savant1 roi de ,ca/ille1 9 ,biblio!que de l'cole des ,*>tes1 #aijf1 vol4 #fg1 p4 #ga-ii4 ,,adolf ,,fanta1 ,e9 ,b]i*t b] die ,auspr*e des ,knigs ,alfons auf d5 deuts*5 ,?ron1 9 ,mitteilung5 des ,in/ituts fur ,o/]rei*is*e ,ges*i*ts=s*ung1 #ahhe1 vol4 #f1 p4 #id-ajd4 ,,fidel ,,fita1 ,biografz de ,san ,f]n&o y de ,alfonso el ,sabio por ,gil de ,zamora1 9 ,bolet9 de la ,real ,academia de la ,hi/oria1 #ahhd1 vol4 #e1 p4 #cjh-cbh4 --,la ,cantiga ,,xlix del rey ,don ,alfonso el ,sabio--,fu5tes hi/ricas1 9 ,boletn de la ,real ,academia de la ,hi/oria1 #ahhi1 vol4 #ae1 p4 #agi-aia4 --,c9cu5ta ley5das por ,gil de ,zamora comb9adas con 8,las ,cantigas0 de ,alfonso el ,sabio1 9 ,boletn de la ,real ,academia de la ,hi/oria1 #ahhe1 vol4 #g1 p4 #ed-add4 --,san ,dun/n1 ,arzobispo de ,cantorb]y1 en una cantiga del rey ,don ,alfonso el ,sabio1 9 ,boletn de la ,real ,academia de la ,hi/oria1 #ahhh1 vol4 #ab1 p4 #bdd-bdh4 --,el libro del ,c]rat5se1 9 ,boletn de la ,real ,academia de la ,hi/oria1 #ahhh1 vol4 #ac1 p4 #bbf-bcg4 ,r4 ,,f\l*-,,delbosc1 ,les 8,ca/igos e ,docum5tos01 9 ,revue ,hispanique1 #aijf1 vol4 #ae1 p4 #cdj-cga4 ,,paul ,,gr\ssac1 ,le ,livre des 8,ca/igos e ,docum5tos01 9 ,revue ,hispanique1 #aijf1 vol4 #ae1 p4 #bab-bci4 ,,fri$ri* ,,hanss51 ,e/udios ortogrficos sobre la ,a/ronomia del rey ,don ,alfonso ,x1 9 ,anales de la ,univ]sidad de ,*ili1 #ahie1 vol4 #ia1 p4 #bha-cab4 --,los endecaslabos de ,alfonso ,x1 9 ,bullet9 ,hispanique1 #aiac1 vol4 #ae1 p4 #bdh-bii4 ,c4 ,,de ,,lollis1 ,cantigas de amor e de maldiz] di ,alfonso el ,sabio1 9 ,/udi di filologia romanza1 #ahhg1 vol4 #b1 p4 #ca-ff4 ,,jos ,,ram,n ,,de ,,luanco ,y ,,riego1 ,clavis sapi5tae ,alphonsi regis ,ca/illae 7,9 ,hom5aje a ,m5ndez y ,pelayo71 ,madrid1 #ahii1 vol4 #a1 p4 #fa-fg4 ,,p$ro ,,de ,,madrazo1 ,sobre la edicin fotocromolitogrfica del cdice del ,lapid>io de ,alfonso ,x1 9 ,boletn de la ,real ,academia de la ,hi/oria1 #ahgg1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #dga-dge4 ,f4 ,f4 ,,mann1 ,e9e altfranzsi*e prosav]sion des ,lapid>us ,m>bod's 9 ,romanis*e ,=s*ung51 #ahhf1 vol4 #b1 p4 #cfc-cgd4 ,j4 ,j4 ,,nu,,es1 ,a review ( ,fragm5to de un nuevo cdigo gallego de las ,p>tidas1 9 ,revi/a ,lusitana1 #aiaa1 vol4 #ad1 p4 #cab-caf4 ,,juan ,,ru,z ,,de ,,obreg,n ,y ,,retortillo1 ,alfonso ,x el emplazado--una ley5da1 9 ,revi/a de ar*ivos1 bibliotecas y museos1 #aiaf1 vol4 #cb1 p4 #dbj-ddi4 ,l4 ,,s]rano1 ,el ayo de ,alfonso 8el sabio01 9 ,boletn de la ,real ,academia ,espaola1 #aibj1 vol4 #g1 p4 #ega-fjb4 ,,antonio ,g4 ,,solal9de1 ,int]v5cin de ,alfonso ,x4 en la r$accin de sus obras1 9 ,revi/a de ,filologa ,espaola1 #aiae1 vol4 #b1 p4 #bhc-bhh4 --,el cdice flor5t9o de las 8,cantigas01 9 ,revi/a de ,filologa ,espaola1 #aiah1 vol4 #e1 p4 #adb-agi4 ,o4 ,t4 ,,tallgr51 ,obs]vationes sur les manuscrits de l',a/ronomie d',alphonse ,x1 etc41 9 ,neuphilologis*e ,mitteilung51 #aijh1 p4 #aaj-aad4 ,f4 ,,valls ,y ,,tab]nir1 ,relations famili>s i politiques entre ,jaume el conqu]idor i ,anfos el ,savi1 9 ,bullet9 ,hispanique1 #aiai1 vol4 #ba1 p4 #i-eb4 ,,m>y ,,w>d1 ,alfonso ! ,wise1 ,k+ ( ,ca/ille1 9 ,macmillan's ,magaz9e1 #ahgb1 vol4 #bf1 p4 #abf-acf1 & 9 ,liv+ ,age1 #ahgb1 vol4 #bf1 p4 #ea-ei4 ,,paul ,,s*eff]-,,boi*or/1 ,zur ,ges*i*te ,alfons' ,x1 von ,ca/ili51 9 ,mitteilung5 des ,in/ituts fur ,o/]rei*is*e ,ges*i*ts=s*ung1 #ahhh1 vol4 #i1 p4 #bbf-bdh4 ,a ,,few ,,g5]al ,,/udies ,,nils ,,ab]g1 ,la civilisation nolo?ique dans la pn9sule ibreque1 ,p>is1 #aiba1 #ad #bjd pp4 ,,miguel ,,as9-,,palacio1 ,escatologa ,musulmana en la 8,div9a ,com$ia01 ,madrid1 #aiai1 #djc pp4 ,,pi]re ,,aubry1 ,tr\vres et ,tr\bad\rs1 #bnd4 ed41 ,p>is1 #aiaj1 #b p4 #a41 #bbc 7#a7 pp4 ,v4 ,,balagu]1 ,los ,trovadores1 #bnd4 ed41 ,madrid1 #ahhb1 #d vol4 9 #b4 ,,antonio ,,balle/]os ,y ,,b]etta1 ,sevilla en el siglo ,,xiii1 ,madrid1 #aiac1 #cch #bee pp4 ,! ,bible--,k+ ,james' ,v]sion4 ,,joaqu,n ,,co/a1 ,la ,poesa popul> espaola y mitologa y lit]atura celto-hispana1 ,madrid1 #ahha1 #h #dhi pp4 ,,georges ,,dott91 ,la langue gauloise1 ,p>is1 #aibj1 #ag #cfd pp4 ,,re9h>t1 ,p4 ,,dozy1 ,hi/oire des ,musulmans d',espagne jusqu' la conqute de l',&al\sie p> les ,almoravides1 ,leyde1 #ahfa1 #d vols4 --,re*]*es sur l'hi/oire et la littrature de l',espagne p5dant la moy5 ge1 #crd4 ed41 ,leyde1 #ahha1 #b vols4 ,,francisco ,,guill,n ,,robles1 ,ley5das ,moriscas1 ,madrid1 #ahhe-ahhf1 #c vols4 ,,james ,,ha/+s1 ,encyclop$ia ( ,religion & ,e?ics1 ,ed9burgh & ,new ,york1 #aijh-aibb1 #ab vols4 ,c4 ,,julian1 ,hi/oire de la ,gaule1 ,p>is1 #aijh-aibj1 #f vols4 ,e4 ,h4 ,,klots*e1 ,! ,sup]natural 9 ! ,trag$ies ( ,euripides1 ,l9coln1 ,neb41 #aiah1 #ajf pp4 ,,john ,a4 ,,maccullo*1 ,! ,religion ( ! ,anci5t ,celts1 ,ed9burg1 #aiaa1 #ae #cii pp4 ,,francisco ,,m>t,,nez-,,m>9a1 ,teora de las cortes o gr&es juntas nacionales de los re9os de ,len y ,ca/illa1 ,madrid1 #ahac1 #c vols4 ,,hub]t ,,mat!y1 ,essai sur le m]veilleux dans la littrature franaise depuis #ahjj1 ,p>is1 #aiae1 #cah pp4 ,r4 ,,m5,,ndez ,,pidal1 ,la ley5da de los ,infantes de ,l>a1 ,madrid1 #ahif1 #af #ddh pp4 --,discursos ledos ante la ,real ,academia1 ,madrid1 ,may #ba1 #aiaf4 ,m4 ,,m5,,ndez ,y ,,pelayo1 ,hi/oria de los het]odoxos espaoles1 ,madrid1 #bnd4 ed41 #aiaa-aiah1 #c vols4 ,,all5 ,,m5zie1 ,hi/ory ( ,religion1 ,new ,york1 #aiac1 #ag #ddj pp4 ,,manuel ,,mila ,y ,,fontanals1 ,de los trovadores en ,espaa1 e/udio de poesa y l+ua prov5zal1 ,b>celona1 #ahhi1 #cb #edb pp4 ,,alonso ,n,,ez ,,de ,,ca/ro1 ,vida de ,san ,f]n&o el t]c]o1 rey de ,ca/illa y ,len1 ,madrid1 #aghg1 #h #eac #i pp4 ,,juan ,,de ,,p9$a1 ,memorial de la ,excel5te ,santidad del ,sr4 ,rey ,san ,f]n&o ,,iii1 ,sevilla1 #afbg1 #bj #aif1 pp4 numb]$ irregul>ly4 ,,ga/on ,,p>is1 ,la ,lg5de des ,infants de ,l>a1 ,p>is1 #ahih1 #bh pp4 7,extract f ,j\rnal des savants1 mai et ju91 #ahih47 ,,d\>d ,,philipon1 ,les ,ibres1 ,p>is1 #aiji1 #bd #cdd pp4 ,,jos ,,amador ,,de ,,los ,r,,os1 ,hi/oria crtica de la lit]atura espaola1 ,madrid1 #ahfa-ahfe1 #g vols4 ,,doro?y ,,sc>bor\gh1 ,! ,sup]natural 9 ,mod]n ,engli% ,fiction1 ,new ,york1 #aiag1 #g #cbi pp4 ,,m>iano ,,soriano ,,fu]tes ,y ,,piqu]as1 ,hi/oria de la msica espaola desde la v5ida de los f5icios ha/a el ao #ahej1 ,madrid1 #ahee-ahei1 #d vols4 ,,samuel ,m4 ,,waxman1 ,*apt]s on ,magic 9 ,spani% lit]ature1 ,new ,york1 & ,p>is1 #aiaf1 #aci pp4 ,c4 ,e4 ,,:itmore1 ,! ,sup]natural 9 ,trag$y1 ,cambridge1 #aiae1 #h #cgj pp4 ,,index ,,( ,,prop] ,,names ,because ( ! prec$+ classifi$ li/ ( miracles includ+ ! indication ( ! pages treat+ ( ea* class1 x has be5 deem$ necess>y to include 9 ! index only ! prop] names cit$ 9 ! "w & ! titles ( ^? works f :i* examples ( ! sup]natural h be5 drawn4 ,! read] is ref]r$ to ! ,bibliography 7page #aci-adf7 = works ( ! au?ors cit$4 ,:5ev] v>i\s names ( an individual1 or diff]5t =ms ( ! same "n are us$1 only ! be/ kn[n or ! mo/ popul> =m w be giv5 9 ! index1 b ! pages indicat$ are ^? on :i* any ( ! v>iations appe>4 ,= example1 all ref]5ces to ,sa9t ,m>y w be f\nd "u 8,virg91 ,!40 ,abd]rahman ,,ii1 #ab ,ab5 ,yussef1 #ef ,abran ( ,g]many1 ,c\nt1 #ge ,a*ela1 #ddn ,adn1 #ian ,a5eas1 #aaj ,africa1 #ba1 #ffn1 #aje1 #aji1 #aaj ,ago/o1 #di1 #fb ,albans1 ,/41 #aca ,albeza1 #cg ,alcoc]1 #ag ,alej&ro el ,magno1 #abd1 #abe1 #abf ,alemany1 ,jos1 #ben ,alexius1 ,emp]or1 #eg ,alex&] ,,iv1 ,pope1 #ah ,alfonso ,,iii1 ( ,portugal1 #ag ,alfonso ,,viii1 #af ,alfonso ,,ix1 #af ,alfonso ,x1 el ,sabio1 #e1 #ac1 #ae-bf1 #bg1 #bi1 #cj1 #cjn1 #can1 #cd1 #ce1 #dd1 #de1 #ec1 #fg1 #gi1 #hd1 #he1 #hh1 #ic1 #if1 #ifn1 #ign1 #ajg1 #aji1 #aac1 #aag1 #abh ,algeciras1 #ef ,amads de ,gaula1 #ccn ,&aluca1 #ag ,ann1 ,sa9t1 ,nov5a (1 #i ,antidio1 #ie ,arcalaus1 #ccn ,arcipre/e de ,hita1 ,el1 #ie ,ari/otle1 #ed1 #abb ,arras1 #gan ,as9 ,palacios1 ,miguel1 #fdn1 #ifn1 #ajin1 #aabn ,assisi1 ,/4 ,francis (1 #i ,ato*a1 #cf ,attila1 #aaj1 #abd ,ayamonte1 #fb ,b>celona1 #ef ,basilio1 ,san1 #fh ,beatriz1 ,da1 #ag ,beatrice1 ,que51 #hd ,b]ceo1 #ein1 #ggn1 #icn1 #ign ,b]nat ,descoll1 #af ,bizancio1 #aaj1 #aaa ,bond\d>1 #dj ,burgos1 #af1 #df1 #ga1 #hh ,cdiz1 #bb ,caes>1 #ha ,caes>1 ,octavius1 #ajc ,caes>1 ,sextus ,julius1 #ajd ,caes>ea1 #fh ,caligula1 ,emp]or ,caius1 #aag ,canaan1 #dh ,cantigas1 ,las1 #bc1 #bg1 #bh1 #cj1 #can1 #cb1 #fh1 #he1 #hen1 #ib1 #ic1 #icn1 #if1 #ig1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #ajhn1 #aaf1 #aafn1 #aah1 #aca1 #acb ,cantigas de amor et de maldecir1 #bg ,ca/ile1 #af1 #bj1 #gi1 #ii1 #abh ,ca/rogriz1 #ci ,catalonia1 #af1 #hd ,*>tres1 #abf ,cid1 !1 #if1 #abfn ,cirot1 ,g41 #ben ,col]idge1 ,samuel ,taylor1 #gd ,conqui/a del ,ultram>1 ,la ,gran1 #djn ,con/ant9e1 ,emp]or1 #fa1 #aaj1 #aaa ,con/ant9ople1 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#cg1 #ej1 #edn1 #ga1 #gb1 #hj1 #ia1 #ic1 #if1 #ajbn1 #aji1 #aab1 #aad1 #aae1 #aaf1 #aba1 #abc1 #abd1 #abh1 #acj ,granada1 #bj1 #bb1 #gi ,granada1 ,emir (1 #bj ,gran ,e/oria1 #bb1 #bd1 #bf 8,gran ,britaa01 #ef1 #hh ,gregory ,x1 #ah ,guilln ,robles1 ,francisco1 #cgn1 #ajin1 #aabn ,gund]ico1 #if ,guzmn1 ,da ,mayor ,guilln de1 #ag ,ha/+s1 ,james1 #gf ,hell1 #fa1 #fdn1 #ia1 #if1 #aji ,h]aclius1 ,emp]or1 #aji ,h]odotus1 #aca ,h]od1 ,k+1 #ea1 #ajj ,holy ,l&1 ,!1 #hc1 #ib ,holy ,_s1 ,!1 #aae1 #abc1 #abd ,ho/1 ,!1 #fb1 #hin1 #aah-abj ,hudson ,riv]1 ,!1 #i ,huelgas1 ,las1 #cd ,ica1 #dj ,india1 #abe ,ildefonso1 ,san1 #gc ,israel1 #abc ,italy1 #ah1 #ifn ,jacob1 #abc ,jaime1 el ,conqui/ador1 #ag1 #bj ,jan1 #ba ,jrez1 #fh1 #aji ,jrez de la ,front]a1 #bb ,j]usalem1 #dh1 #ea1 #aaa1 #abd ,jesus1 #bi1 #ca1 #can1 #cb1 #de1 #dh1 #di1 #ej1 #ea1 #edn1 #fc1 #fd1 #fg1 #gi1 #ha1 #hc1 #hd1 #ib1 #ig1 #ajc1 #ajf1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aad1 #aae1 #aai1 #abj1 #abc1 #abd1 #abg1 #acj ,jordanes1 #aj ,jorge1 ,mae/ro1 #aji ,josef1 #abc ,juan1 ,san1 #abd ,julian1 ,emp]or1 #fh1 #fi1 #ha1 #aag ,ju/9ian1 ,emp]or1 #aji ,jupit]1 temple (1 #aje ,lapid>io1 ,el1 #bc1 #bd1 #bh ,l>a1 sons (1 #ii ,lebrija1 #bb ,leo1 ,pope1 #eh ,lia1 #abc ,libro de ,alej&ro1 ,el1 #ifn1 #ign1 #abfn ,libro de ,aj$rez1 ,el1 #bc1 #be ,libros del ,sab] de ,a/ronomia1 ,los1 #bb1 #bc1 #bh ,lisbon1 #ei ,lodge1 ,sir ,oliv]1 #ia ,mac,culloch1 ,j4 ,a41 #ag ,mac$onia1 #abe ,madrid1 #cf ,manuel1 ,infante ,don1 #da ,m>cian1 ,emp]or1 #aaj ,m>cus1 ,lucius1 #ajd ,m>a ,egipciaca1 #aca ,m>iana1 #ae ,m>qu9a1 #ae ,m>seilles1 #ch ,mrtires1 #fe ,m>tos1 #gi ,mayor ,arias1 ,da1 #af ,m$9a ,sidonis1 #bb ,mela1 ,pomponius1 #aca ,m5ndez ,pidal1 ,j41 #ajdn ,m5ndez ,pidal1 ,r41 #bb1 #bd ,m5ndez y ,pelayo1 #abn ,m5zie1 ,allan1 #djn ,m]curio1 ,san1 #fh1 #fi ,m]l91 #aca ,milagros de ,nue/ra ,seora1 ,los1 #ein1 #ggn1 #icn1 #ign ,mildmay1 ,mrs4 ,s41 #aan ,mahomm$1 #fd1 #aaa ,mondj>1 ,m>qus de1 #af ,mons>as1 #gh ,mons]rat1 #ef ,montana1 ,jos ,t41 #be ,moralia 9 ,job1 #aaj ,moses1 #bd1 #abc ,murcia1 #ag1 #gh ,mussafia1 #cjn ,nav>re1 #ag ,nav>re1 ,k+ (1 #bj ,navas1 ,conde de las1 #aagn ,niebla1 #bb ,nuo de ,l>a1 #ai1 #fh ,ob]on1 ,k+1 #aca ,ons1 ,f$]ico de1 #f ,oro1 ,san ,juan ,boco de1 #de ,ovid1 #aca ,p>is1 #aji ,p>is1 ,ga/on1 #ii ,pascual de ,gayangos1 #ben ,pas*al ,,ii1 ,pope1 #ac ,p$ro ,,iii1 ( ,aragn1 #ba ,p$ro ,,iv1 #af ,p5a ,cova1 #ci ,p]sia1 #fh1 #fi ,pet]1 ,sa9t1 #cb1 #ha ,philipon1 41 #aa ,poiti]s1 ,conde de1 #hj ,portugal1 ,k+ (1 #ai ,pu]to1 #da1 #dg1 #hc ,ra*el1 #abc ,recafr$o1 #ab ,reyes ,magos1 ,los ,tres1 #hdn ,rib]a1 ,j41 #bc ,ribila1 #gi ,ri*>d ( ,cornwall1 #ah ,rico y ,s9obas1 ,manuel1 #bd ,ros1 ,jos ,amador de los1 #aj ,rocamador1 #dc1 #ic ,rodrigez1 ,hippolito1 #be ,rome1 #ba1 #ajj1 #ajf1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aaf ,roman ,empire1 ,! ,holy1 #ah1 #bj1 #ajc ,r\mania1 #fa ,rudolph ( ,hapsburg1 #ah ,ruy ,velzquez1 #ii ,san*o1 ,infante ,don1 #bj1 #ba ,santa ,cruz1 #ie ,santiago1 #eg1 #ic1 #acj ,salas1 #cf1 #db1 #di1 #hc ,saussonna1 #dd ,sc>bor\gh1 ,doro?y1 #h1 #acan ,scy?ia1 #aj ,selfa1 ,antonio1 #be ,sept5>io1 ,el1 #bb ,seville1 #ag1 #ba1 #ef1 #if1 #abh ,segovia1 #hj ,siagro1 ,don1 #gc ,si5a1 ,bi%op (1 #gb ,siete ,p>tidas1 ,las1 #af1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bh1 #ec1 #gfn1 #gin1 #hgn1 #hin1 #ia1 #ian1 #ibn1 #ajj1 #ajh1 #ajhn1 #aadn1 #aaen1 #abjn1 #aba1 #aban1 #abb1 #abfn ,sion1 ,m\nt1 #ha ,soissons1 #dj1 #acb ,solomon1 #aad ,solal9de1 ,antonio ,g41 #f1 #af1 #bd1 #ben1 #bfn1 #cjn1 #can1 #aben1 #abfn ,spa91 #i1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #bb1 #bd1 #be1 #bg1 #de1 #ib1 #ifn1 #ii1 #aag1 #abi ,sur1 ,libano de1 #fi ,sylve/]1 ,pope1 #aaj1 #aaa ,tablas1 ,alfonses 444 ,las1 #bb ,taion1 #aaj ,tllez1 ,d4 ,alfonso1 #fd ,temp]ley1 ,h41 #aan ,t]5a1 #dc1 #ha1 #ig ,?omas1 ,sa9t1 #abg ,tib]ius1 #ajj ,tol$o1 ,codex (1 #hh ,tol$o1 #af1 #ce1 #dg ,todd1 ,h5ry ,alfr$1 #f ,tortosa de ,ultram>1 #dj ,vatican1 ,!1 #ie ,ves5t9a1 #ie ,virg91 ,!1 #bc1 #bg-hi1 #ib1 #id1 #ie1 #if1 #ajh1 #aaj1 #aai1 #abj1 #abd1 #abg1 #abh1 #acj1 #aca ,virg91 ,cult (1 #ca ,violante ( ,aragn1 ,da1 #ag ,violante1 ,que51 #ba ,vi/ula1 #aj ,vulcan1 #abd ,w&]+ ,jew1 ,!1 #aca ,waxman1 ,s4 ,w41 #ign ,w5dov]1 ,rog] (1 #aca ,weeks1 ,raymond1 #f ,w]ewolf1 ,!1 #aca ,:ite1 ,j4 ,g41 #be ,:itmore1 ,c4 ,e41 #aahn ,william ( ,holl&1 #ah ,z>agoza1 #da ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface #e ,,introductory #g ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,alfonso ,,el ,,sabio ,,z ,,k+ ,,& ,,s*ol> #ae ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,miracles ,,p]=m$ ,,by ,,! ,,virg9 ,,9 ,,response ,,to ,,pray] #bg ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,miracles ,,p]=m$ ,,volunt>ily ,,by ,,! ,,virg9 #ec ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,miracles ,,p]=m$ ,,by ,,images #hc ,,*apt] ,v4 8,,! ,,devil ,,& ,,all ,,8 ,,works0 #ia ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,div9ations--,,om5s--,,auguries #ii ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,visions #ajg ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,v>i\s ,,manife/ations #aac ,,conclusion #abi ,,classification ,,( ,,! ,,miracles ,,( 8,,las ,,cantigas0 #ace ,,bibliography #aci ,,index ,,( ,,prop] ,,names #adg ,,publicaciones ,,del ,,in/ituto ,,de ,,las ,,espa,,z ,,libros ,,de ,,ense,,anza ,la ,enseanza de ,l5guas ,mod]nas en los ,e/ados ,unidos4 ,por ,,lawr5ce ,a4 ,,wilk9s4 #afj pg9as4 ,r/ica #a4be4 ,en e/e libro ap>ece la s]ie de conf]5cias que el autor di en el ,c5tro de ,e/udios ,hi/ricos de ,madrid y en el ,in/ituto de ,idiomas de ,val5cia en el ao de #aiba4 ,a man]a de prlogo van las palabras pronunciadas por el sabio fillogo espaol don ,ramn ,m5ndez ,pidal al inaugur> e/as conf]5cias4 ,el mtodo g5]al1 los mtodos especiales detalladam5te descritos1 la prep>acin p>a el pr(esorado1 el movimi5to hispani/a en los ,e/ados ,unidos1 las relaciones entre e/e pas y los pueblos hispanos1 son los temas pr9cipales tratados en e/e libro4 ,por su exposicin cl>a y si/emtica y por su sana doctr9a p$aggica1 e/a obra se hace indisp5sable a todos los mae/ros de idiomas1 de cualqui] pas4 ,c]vantes4 ,c>tilla ,escol>4 ,biografa y seleccin por ,m4 ,,rom]a-,,nav>ro4 ,vocabul>io por ,j4 ,,m]cado4 #af pg9as4 ,r/ica 4#je4 ,d$icado a los e/udiantes de espaol de las escuelas de e/e pas1 fu escrito e/e folleto a propsito de la ,fie/a de la ,l5gua que celebra el ,in/ituto el #bc de abril de todos los aos en honor de ,c]vantes4 ,conti5e una breve exposicin de la vida y la obra de ,c]vantes y dos trozos refundidos del ,quijote1 uno de ellos la celebrada av5tura de los mol9os de vi5to4 ,al f9 va un vocabul>io espaol-+ls1 compue/o con el propsito de ayud> a los e/udiantes de habla +lesa4 ,nue/ro ,futuro ,diputado ,por ,,samuel ,a4 ,,w(sy4 #fd pg9as4 ,r/ica #j4ej4 ,poquisimas son las piezas dramticas en espaol que pu$an s] repres5tadas por los ,clubs de las escuelas y univ]sidades de e/e pas4 ,las que exi/5 o son muy l>gas o no son apropiadas4 ,e/e vaco lo ll5a en p>te la f>sa en tres actos1 con vocabul>io espaol-+ls1 del ,sr4 ,w(sy1 pr(esor de espaol de la ,univ]sidad de ,wiscons94 ,hay en ella ba/ante accin1 ambi5te netam5te espaol y situaciones cmicas4 ,e/as cualidades solam5te hac5 de ella una pieza int]esante e in/ructiva p>a todos los d$icados al e/udio de la l5gua espaola4 ,,e/udios ,! ,romantic ,dramas ( ,g>ca ,gutirrez4 ,by ,,ni*olson ,b4 ,,adams1 ,,ph4 ,d4 #adi pages4 ,pap] #a4jj4 ,g>cia ,guti]rez is "o ( ! mo/ important figures 9 ! ,spani% ,romantic movem5t1 & 9 poetic p[] he surpass$ 8 contempor>ies4 ,?is /udy gives an insight into ! plays ( ?is fam\s ,spani% dramati/4 ,! sket* ( 8 life1 :i* op5s ! book1 paves ! way = ! read] to rea* an und]/&+ ( ! man :o wrote ,el ,trovador4 ,! book itself1 z well z ! *ronological li/ ( ! plays ( ,g>ca ,gutirrez app5d$ to x & ! li/ ( works ei!r p>tially or exclusively devot$ to him1 w be ( valuable assi/ance to all p]sons int]e/$ 9 ! lit]>y hi/ory ( ,spa94 ,m>tn ,fi]ro3 ,an ,epic ( ! ,arg5t9e4 ,by ,,h5ry ,a4 ,,holmes1 ,,ph4 ,d4 #aib pages4 ,pap] #a4jj4 ,peculi> colonial conditions 9 ,arg5t9a creat$ 9 ! isolation ( ! pampa a /rik+ type ( horsem53 c[boys1 track]s1 ,indian fight]s1 etc4 ,^! m51 call$ gau*os1 7 9 _m respects l our we/]n c[boys1 b _! unique traits call = su* a sympa!tic /udy z is made 9 ?is book4 ,! "w takes its title f t ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ,arg5t9e c[boy poem1 ^: h]o1 ,m>tn ,fi]ro1 s+s ( gau*os1 ,indians1 & ! pampa1 9 truly epic ve94 ,en ,pr5sa3 ,jac9to ,b5av5te4 ,e/udio lit]>io por ,,f$]ico ,,de ,,on,s4 ,,lit]atura ,desolacin4 ,poemas4 ,por ,,gabriela ,,mi/ral4 #bdh pg9as4 ,r/ica #a4ej4 ,tela #b4be4 ,la fama de poetisa de ,gabriela ,mi/ral e/ ya tan bi5 cim5tada en todos los pases de habla espaola1 que su nombre en un libro ba/>a p>a desp]t> el int]s de todos los amantes de las letras hispnicas de nue/ros dz4 ,e/a edicin ha sido d$icada a la autora por los mae/ros de espaol de e/e pas1 en te/imonio de admiracin y afecto4 ,e/a es la prim]a vez que la autora ha dado su cons5timi5to p>a que se publiqu5 en un libro1 z sus poesz 9ditas como todas las que ya han vi/o la luz en dif]5tes revi/as4 ,el ,,in/ituto se enorgullece de pre/> tal valioso s]vicio a la lit]atura hispnica mod]na con la publication de la obra completa1 v]so y prosa1 de e/a g5ial poetisa *il5a4 ,del ,cam9o4 ,poesz4 ,por ,,julio ,,m]cado4 #abj pg9as4 ,r/ica #a4jj4 ,las ,poesias que compon5 e/e libro1 el cual nos pres5ta la obra completa del poeta1 no slo d>n solaz a qui5es las ley]51 s9o llev>an igualm5te al corazn y la m5te de los lectores el conv5cimi5to de que se trata de un poeta de fu]za1 con p]sonalidad propia4 ,he aqu lo que dice el conocido critico don ,f$]ico de ,ons1 prologui/a de la obra3 8,la poesa de ,m]cado p]t5ece a ese modo de poesa que si5te y pi5sa al mismo tiempo1 y que en la mod]na lit]atura espaola alcanza sus ms altos ejemplos en ,antonio ,ma*ado y ,miguel de ,unamuno40 ,,conf]5ces ,lo que se pu$e apr5d] en ,espaa4 ,por ,,joaqu,n ,,ortega4 #h pg9as4 ,r/ica 4#ae4 ,el autor describe1 d5tro de un pequeo m>co1 todo lo que los angloam]icanos pu$5 apr5d] en ,espaa en pres5cia de las reliquias de la tradicin hispnica1 bajo el encanto de las viejas ciudades espaolas y en contacto con toda clase de g5te1 inclusivo una simple v5d$ora de n>anjas4 ,no slo es int]esante e in/ructiva e/a conf]5cia p>a los angloam]icanos1 s9o tambin lo es p>a todas las p]sonas de habla espaola1 qui5es hall>n satisfaccin y solaz en la am5a lectura de e/e folleto encam9ado a record> las virtudes de la raza4 ,,otras ,,publicaciones ,memoria ,del curso #aibj-aiba4 7,en espaol y en +ls7 ,en ella podr in=m>se el lector de los f9es y organizacin del ,,in/ituto y de la labor realizada en el prim] ao de su exi/5cia4 ,se enva gratuitam5te a qui5es la solicit>54 ,dirigirse al ,secret>io ,g5]al del ,,in/ituto ,,de ,,las ,,espa,,z1 #dai ,we/ #aag? ,/reet4 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,in/itute ,,( ,,int]national ,,education ,,in/ituto ,,de ,,las ,,espa,,z ,,en ,,los ,,e/ados ,,unidos ,c5t] = ! /udy ( ,spani%1 ,portuguese & ,hispano-,am]ican culture1 f\nd$ by ! ,in/itute ( ,int]national ,education1 ! ,am]ican ,association ( ,tea*]s ( ,spani%1 ! ,junta p>a ,ampliacin de ,e/udios ( ! ,spani% ,m9i/ry ( ,public ,in/ruction1 ! ,(ic9a de ,relaciones ,culturales ,espaolas ( ! ,spani% ,m9i/ry ( ,/ate1 & sev]al ,spani% & ,am]ican univ]sities4 ,"s ( ! aims ( ! ,in/ituto are ! foll[+3 ,to ma9ta9 a bureau ( in=mation conc]n+ educational opportunities 9 ,spa91 ,spani% ,am]ica & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,to enc\rage an int]*ange ( pr(essors & /ud5ts betwe5 ! in/itutions ( ^! c\ntries4 ,to enc\rage ! /udy ( ,spani% & ,portuguese 9 ! s*ools & colleges ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,to receive & ent]ta9 di/+ui%$ ,hispanic visitors4 ,to arrange lectures by em95t ,hispani/s f abroad & by ^? ( our own c\ntry4 ,to hold lit]>y & musical veladas :i* w af=d an opportunity = meet+ & conv]s+ ) p ( ,spani% spee*4 ,to organize an affiliation ( ,spani% ,clubs 9 s*ools & colleges4 ,to e/abli% a select circulat+ libr>y ( ,spani% & ,portuguese books & also a collection ( slides illu/rative ( ! life & art ( ! ,hispanic nations4 ,to publi% books1 articles1 etc41 on subjects connect$ ) ! purposes ( ! ,in/ituto4 ,to celebrate on ! #bcrd ( ,april ea* ye> ! 8,fie/a de la ,l5gua ,espaola10 & to aw>d ! m$al ( ! ,in/ituto = excell5ce 9 ,spani%4 99 99 99 99 99 ,anyone int]e/$ 9 ,hispanic culture may become an active memb] ( ! ,in/ituto by pay+ an annual fee ( #e4jj4 ,active memb]s receive ! publications made dur+ ! t]m ( _! memb]%ip4 ,!y may also pur*ase =m] publications at a disc\nt ( #be4 ,inquiries or remittances %\ld be address$ to ! ,g5]al ,secret>y1 ,in/ituto de las ,espaz1 #dai ,we/ #aag? ,/41 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,columbia ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiag4 #b ,see p4 #ec4 #c ,x has n be5 deem$ necess>y 7s9ce ?is is n a /udy ( ! s\rces b r ( ! mat]ial itself7 to beg9 ) a m remote p]iod4 ,! purposes ( ?is rsum is to give ! read] a g5]al idea ( ! p & _! imm$iate environm5t4 ,= /udies on ! e>li] invasion see ! app5d$ ,bibliography4 #d ,r4 ,m5ndez ,pidal ,l',epope ,ca/illane trav]s la littrature espagnole4 ,p>is1 ,col91 #aiaj1 p4 #ae4 #e ,amador de los ,ros1 ,hi/oria ,crtica de la lit]atura espaola1 ,madrid1 #ahfe1 ,vol4 #b1 p4 #aic4 #f ,! ,religion ( ! ,anci5t ,celts1 ,ed9burgh1 #aiaa1 p4 #bdf4 #g ,les ,ibres1 ,p>is1 #aiji1 p4 #bjb4 #h ,among ! _m int]e/+ magaz9e articles on a rec5t widely discuss$ phase ( ?is ph5om5on 9 ! ,_w ,w> are ,phantom ,armies ,se5 9 ,france by ,mrs4 ,s4 ,mildmay1 ,nor? ,am]ican1 #bjb3 #bjg-ab1 ,augu/1 #aiae1 & ,on ! ,sup]natural ,elem5t 9 ,hi/ory ) ,two ,examples f ! ,pres5t ,day1 by ,mr4 ,h4 ,temp]ley1 ,contempor>y ,review1 #aaj3 #ahh-ih1 ,augu/1 #aiaf4 #i ,m5ndez y ,pelayo1 ,hi/oria de los het]odoxos espaoles1 ,madrid1 #aiaa-ah1 ,vol4 #b1 ,*ap4 #b4 #aj ,*ronicon ( ,seba/ian1 ,no4 #bg4 #aa ,amador de los ,ros1 ,hi/oria crtica de la lit]atura espaola1 ,vol4 #c1 p4 #bcc4 #ab ,antonio ,g4 ,solal9de1 ,antologa de ,alfonso ,x1 el ,sabio1 p4 #ba4 #ac ,! foll[+ brief rsum ( ! life ( ,alfonso ,x is bas$ = ! mo/ "p on ! ,m>qus de ,mondj>'s ,memorias hi/ricas del ,rei ,d4 ,alfonso1 el ,sabio1 i obs]vaciones a su *rnica1 ,madrid1 #ahde1 & ! introduction to ,sr4 ,solal9de's ,antologa de ,alfonso ,x1 el ,sabio4 #ad ,las ,siete ,p>tidas--,p>tida ,,ii1 ,ttulo ,,xv1 ,ley ,,ii4 ,h]eaft] ref]5ces to ?is "w w be express$ ?us3 ,p>tidas #b-ae-b4 #ae ,e/udios ,lit]>ios1 ,madrid1 #aibj1 p4 #ahd-ahe4 #af ,= a discussion ( ! date ( ! translation ( ?is "w into ,spani% see ! foll[+ editions ( ,calila y ,dimna2 ,pascual de ,gayangos1 9 ,biblioteca de ,autores ,espaoles1 ,vol4 #ea1 ,madrid1 #ahfj2 ,jos ,alemany1 ,madrid1 #aiae2 & ,antonio ,g4 ,solal9de1 ,madrid1 #aiag4 ,9 ,bullet9 ,hispanique4 ,vol4 #bd1 page #afg-aga is to be f\nd an int]e/+ review by ,g4 ,cirot ( ! la/ nam$ "w4 #ag ,antonio ,g4 ,solal9de1 ,int]v5tin de ,alfonso ,x en la r$accin de sus obras1 ,revi/a de ,filologa ,espaola1 #aiae1 ,vol4 #b1 p4 #bhf4 #ah ,p>tidas1 #a-a-i4 #ai ,p>tidas #a-d-abc & #abd :i* is giv5 9 full on p4 #ec-ed4 #bj ,see p4 #ff4 ,! miracle ( ! re/oration ( ! tongue1 & notes4 #ba ,see p4 #hj4 ,! ble$+ image1 & notes4 #bb ,sr4 ,antonio ,g4 ,solal9de1 9 speak+ ( ?is1 says3 ,segn los datos de ,mussafia1 exi/5 #fd milagros1 de los ms difundidos en el mundo cri/iano1 en las #ajj prim]as cantigas1 #ag en las #ajj cantigas sigui5tes1 #aa en el t]c] c5t5> y #b en el cu>to4 ,seguram5te se podra rectific> en detalle e/a e/ad/ica1 p]o ello exigira un e/udio m9ucioso de las fu5tes de las cantigas y de la hi/oricidad de sus asuntos1 t>ea que slo en p>te se realiz en la edicin monum5tal4 ,creo que el p5sami5to de ,mussafia e/>a mejor expresado si dij]a que aquellos asuntos univ]sales abundan pr9cipalm5te en la prim]a edicin de la obra1 o sea en el ms4 ,,tol 7,ms4 de la ,biblioteca ,nacional de ,madrid1 ,nm4 #ajjfi1 proc$5te de la cat$ral de ,tol$o7 cuyas cantigas se rep>t51 como hemos vi/o1 casi exclusivam5te en los dos prim]os c5t5>es de la edicin def9itiva1 ,e 7,ms4 escurial5se j4 b4 #b74 ,los cont9uadores de la obra primitiva tuvi]on que recurrir a los milagros acaecidos en ,espaa1 y aun a los que ti55 por protagoni/as a ,alfonso ,x y otros p]sonajes de la corte1 s9 que falt5 tampoco en las nuevas colecciones asuntos univ]sales ms o m5os difundidos en la lit]atura m>ial1 ni milagros s9 indicacin de lug>1 y que tanto pu$5 s] espaoles como extranj]os4 ,el cdice flor5t9o de las 8,cantigas01 ,revi/a de ,filologa ,espaola1 ,vol4 #e1 #aiah1 p4 #age-agf4 #bc ,las ,cantigas ,no4 #cfa4 ,h]eaft] ! numb]1 writt5 ?us 7,no4 #cfa71 w be ins]t$ 9 ! body ( ! text4 ,z m5tion$ above1 ,las ,cantigas are writt5 9 ! ,gallego-,portugus dialect1 ! favorite ( ! lyric poets ( ! "t1 & n 9 ,ca/illian z are ! prose works ( ,alfonso4 #bd ,i h f\nd #bc :i* relate miracles exp]i5c$ by ! k+ himself or "s ( 8 k9sm5 or fri5ds3 ,nos4 #abb1 #adb1 #bji1 #bae1 #bba1 #bce1 #bdc1 #bef1 #beg1 #bgi1 #bib1 #cbd1 #cbh1 #cde1 #cdh1 #ceh1 #cff1 #cfg1 #cgf1 #cgg1 #cgi1 #chb1 #chf4 ,aside f ^! are a few o!rs z ,nos4 #bie1 #cdi1 #ced1 #cge1 etc41 9 :i* app>5tly ! k+ is ,alfonso himself ?o ?is is n specifically /at$4 #be ,= a discussion ( ! probable me?od ( composition ( ,las ,cantigas see ,antonio ,g4 ,solal9de1 ,el cdice flor5t9o de las 8,cantigas0 y su relacin con los dems manuscritos1 ,revi/a de ,filologa ,espaola1 ,vol4 #e1 #aiah1 p4 #afi ff4 #bf ,ref]5ces to ,deus1 seu ,fillo1 are con/antly recurr+ b only 9 ,no4 #ge1 #ga1 #cji1 & #cec h ,i f\nd ref]5ces to ,deus ,padre4 #bg ,?is collection consi/s ( #djb ,cantigas "u ! head+ ( 8,las ,cantigas de ,santa ,m>a0 e t5? "o ( :i* is a 8cantiga de loor0 & does n n>rate a miracle4 ,no4 #a also is a 8cantiga de loor04 ,no4 #bgi does n n>rate a miracle b is a song ( ?anks4 ,nos4 #cgc1 #chg1 #chh1 #cid1 #cie1 #cif1 #cig1 are repetitions ( previ\s cantigas4 ,nos4 #dja & #djc are n miracles4 ,?is leaves a total ( #cea 9 ?is gr\p4 ,nei!r are !re any to be f\nd 9 ! two gr\ps entitl$ 8,cantigas de las fie/as de ,santa ,m>a0 & 8,cantigas de las fie/as de ,nue/ro ,seor ,jesucri/o40 ,! gr\p ( five miscellane\s cantigas n f\nd 9 ! cdice escurial5se conta9s two miracles mak+ a total ( #cec4 #bh ,! my/]i\s c]emony p]=m$ "h is q simil> to ! incantations us$ :5 ,amads 0 be+ br\ght out f "u ! spell ( ! en*ant] ,arcalaus by ! /range & almo/ fairy-l damsels4 ,cf4 ,amads de ,gaula1 9 ,biblioteca de ,autores ,espaoles1 ,vol4 #dj1 p4 #ej1 ,madrid1 #ahhj4 #bi ,z is s (t5 ! case ) ! writ]s ( ! ,middle ,ages1 we _c always take our poet too lit]ally1 = 9 ?is poem he says3 8,d'e/o direi un miragre que ui0 & only a few /anzas lat] 9 describ+ ! acts ( ! "m he says3 8,a todos da capela fez sayr04 ,b d\btless s9ce he 0 s closely relat$ to ! "m conc]n$ he did n consid] 8que u0 too /rong a /atem5t especially :5 x fitt$ ! met] & ! rhyme4 #cj ,nos4 #cg1 #ec1 #ha1 #ia1 #ic1 #aje1 & #acd4 #ca ,nos4 #bbc1 #bge1 #cai1 #cgb1 #cic4 ,note t ! miracles n>rat+ cures ( leprosy are all 7) ! exception ( ,no4 #bei n m5tion$ 9 ! above note because ! cure 0 n 9 response to pray] to ! ,virg97 9 ! fir/ half ( ! collection1 :ile ! cures ( rabies are all 9 ! latt] half4 #cb ,francisco ,guilln ,robles1 9 ,ley5das ,moriscas1 ,madrid1 #ahhe-f4 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #aha ff4 cites ?is z a leg5d ( ea/]n orig94 #cc ,nos4 #hc1 #ajf1 #aeh1 #agf1 #bbg1 #bia1 #cja1 #cbe1 #cei1 #cfc4 #cd ,?is motif ( ! appe>ance ( ! heav5ly ho/ is well develop$ 9 ! second "p ( ! ,prim]a ,crnica ,g5]al 9 ! acc\nt ( ! battle ) ,ab5hut1 9 :i* ,alfonso himself took "p1 p4 #gbg & also 9 ! lat] "w1 ,la ,gran ,conqui/a del ,ultram>1 p4 #cba1 ,biblioteca de ,autores ,espaoles1 ,vol4 #dd1 ,madrid1 #ahhj1 :i* belongs to ! p]iod ( ,alfonso's successor4 #ce ,see ,allan ,m5zie1 ,hi/ory ( ,religion1 ,new ,york1 #aiac1 p4 #ff ff4 #cf ,nos4 #dc1 #dd1 #aah1 #aff1 #afg1 #agf1 #agg1 #agh1 #bcb1 #bdg1 #bih1 #ccc1 #ceb1 #ceg1 #cff1 #cge1 #cgf1 #chb1 #che4 #cg ,nos4 #aga1 #agb1 #aig1 #cih1 etc4 #ch ,9 ,nos4 #bgb & #afb are f\nd simil> in/ances ( ! my/]i\s movem5t ( objects1 only "h x is an image ( ! ,virg9 t *anges its location4 #ci ,?is spid] motif is ! dom9ant feature 9 ,nos4 #bbb & #bbe4 ,9 ! =m] ! ,capelln ( ,la ,seora de ,a*ela 0 say+ mass :5 j z he rais$ ! sacr$ cup to 8 lips he saw a big spid] fall into ! w9e4 ,he hesitat$ = a mom5t n kn[+ :at to d = "u no circum/ances c ! c]emony ( ,mass be int]rupt$4 ,only a mom5t did he pause1 !n tru/+ 9 ! ,virg9 he drank x1 spid] & all4 ,! prioress le>n+ ( x ord]$ him to be bl$4 ,z ! surgeon's lance pi]c$ ! arm n blood b ! spid]1 alive1 came out & ! cl]gyman 0 unh>m$4 ,no4 #bbe1 probably simply a v>iant1 diff]s 9 t aft] dr9k+ x ! spid] mov$ ab\t betwe5 ! sk9 & ! fle% :ile ! poor man implor$ relief ?ru div9e aid4 ,f9ally1 "o day :ile 9 ! sun ! spid] pass$ f ! back & brea/ to 8 arm & aft] mu* ( scrat*+ came out "u ! nail4 #dj ,see p4 #dj4 #da ,! ,italics are m9e4 #db ,! ,italics are m9e4 #dc #a-d-abd4 #dd ,a /ill full] def9ition is z foll[s3 #a-d-abc4 8,natura es fe*o de ,dios1 et l es el seor et el fac$or della3 onde todo lo que pu$e s] fe*o por natura fcelo ,dios1 et demas otras cosas que non comple el pod] della4 ,ca nature non pu$e dex> n9 desvi>se de obr> segunt la rd5 ci]ta quel puso ,dios porque obrase asi como fac] no*e et dia1 et frio et cal5tura3 otrosi que los tiempos non recudan sus sazones segun el movemi5to ci]to del cielo et de las e/rellas en qui5 puso ,dios pod] de ord5> la natura1 n9 pu$e fac] otrosi que lo pesado non dec5da1 et lo liviano non suba4 ,et de/o dixo ,ari/tiles que la natura non se face a obr> en contr>io3 et e/o tanto qui]a decir como que siempre gu>da una man]a et una rd5 ci]ta por que obra4 ,otrosi non pu$e fac] algo de nada1 mas todo lo que se face por ella convi5e que se faga de alguna cosa1 asi como un elem5to dotro de todos los quatro elem5tos1 de que se eng5dran todas las cosas naturales et compue/as2 mas ,dios face todo e/o1 et pu$e fac] demas contra e/e ord5ami5to1 asi como fac] que el sol que nace al ori5te et va occid5te1 que se torna ori5te por aquella mesma c>r]a ante que se ponga1 segunt fizo por ruego de ,ezequias qu&o torn el sol qu9ce grados atras4 ,et aun pu$e fac] eclipse e/&o el sol et la luna en oposicin1 z como fue el dia de la pasion de ,iesu ,cri/o3 et pu$e fac] del mu]to vivo1 et del que nunca vi que vea1 asi como qu&o resucit a ,lz>o et fizo v] al que naci ciego4 ,otrosi pu$e fac] las cosas de nimigaja 7sic7 asi como fizo el mundo et los ngeles1 et los cielos et las e/rellas1 que non fu]on fe*os de elem5tos n9 de otra mat]ia1 et face cada da las almas de ent5dimi5to que son en los homes4 ,et e/e pod] es ap>tadami5te de ,dios2 et qu&o obra por l lo que dc5le miraglo1 porque qu&o acaesce es cosa m>avillosa a las g5tes et e/o es porque los homes cat5 todava los fe*os de natura4 ,et por onde qu&o alguna cosa se face contra ella m>avillanse onde vi5e1 mayormi5te qu&o acaesce pocas veces2 ca e/onces han de m>avill>se como de cosa nueva et extraa4 ,et de/o fabl el ,sabio con razon et dixo1 miraglo es cosa que vemos1 mas non sabemos onde vi5e3 et e/o se enti5de quanto al pueble comunalmi5te3 mas los sabios et ent5dudos bi5 enti5d5 que la cosa que non pu$e fac] natura n9 artificio de home1 del pod] de ,dios vi5e solam5te et non de otri40 #de ,?is leg5d ( fl[]s be+ f\nd 9 ! m\? ( ! dead 0 q common 9 ! ,middle ,ages z 0 also t ( ! body ( a dead p]son giv+ (f delightful odors4 ,?is miracle is q simil> to t to be f\nd en ,b]ceo's ,milagros de ,nue/ra ,seora ,no4 #c4 #df ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ?is j\rney ) ! discussion ( ,sr4 ,as9 ( ! v>i\s leg5ds ( j\rneys to ,hell & also m>itime j\rneys ( ! e>ly ,middle ,ages4 ,escatologa musulmana en la 8,div9a ,com$ia01 p4 #bbi ff4 #dg ,?is is v simil> to ! acc\nt 9 ! ,prim]a ,crnica ,g5]al1 p4 #beb column b1 l9e #db4 7,h]eaft] su* ref]5ces w be indicat$ 9 ! usual mann] ?us3 ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #beb b #db47 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ! sc5e is 9 ,africa &1 aft] los+ 8 tongue1 ! bi%op c\ld s+ & prea* l\d] & m cle>ly ?an ev] be=e4 ,! h]etics :o ridicul$ him 71 9 ?is in/ance1 ! ones :o lo/ ! p[] ( spee*4 #dh ,see table on p4 #acf = numb]s4 #di ,a c&le ) heal+ p[] is m5tion$ 9 ,no4 #bei4 ,/4 ,m>y appe>$ to two m5 j be=e a duel & told !m to g to h] *ur* at ,arras4 ,!re %e appe>$ to !m aga9 & inspir$ !m ) ! _s ( =giv5ess4 ,%e also gave !m a tap] t w\ld cure leprosy4 ,a bi%op he>+ ( ?is wond]ful in/rum5t1 took x & because ( t contract$ ! disease2 !y1 ) ! aid ( ! c&le cur$ him1 discov]+ t only 9 _! h&s did x h any effect4 #ej ,?is peculi> use ( ! t]m 8g5tile0 mean+ 8non-,*ri/ian0 is q common 9 ! lit]ature ( ! p]iod4 #ea ,!re is "s simil>ity betwe5 ?is "o & ,no4 #bei summ>iz$ on p4 #ga1 note #g4 #eb ,9 ! ,crnica ! knight is ! son ( ,f]nn ,gonzlez & ! ,virg9 s5ds 8un ngel04 ,o!rwise ! /ory is ! same ?o told 9 great] detail4 #ec ,accord+ to ! laws ! only ordeal all[$ 0 t ( combat & t 0 only enc\rag$ betwe5 knights 7,p>tidas #g-f-a74 ,9 speak+ ( ordeals 9 g5]al ! law reads3 ,p>tidas #c-ad-h4 ,et hay otra que se face por fama1 por leyes por d]e*os que las p>tes mue/ran en juicio p>a av]igu> et v5e] sus pleytos asi como delante mo/r>emos3 et aun aco/umbr>on antiguam5te et sanlo hoy en da1 otra man]a de prueba1 asi como por lid de caball]os de peones que se face en razon de riepto de otra man]a3 et como qui] que en algunas ti]ras hayan 7sic7 e/o por co/umbre1 p]o los sabios antiguos que fici]on las leyes non lo tuvi]on por d]e*a prueba3 et e/o por dos razones2 la una porque mu*as vegadas acaesce que en tales lides pi]de la v]dat et v5ce la m5tira3 la otra porque aquel que ha voluntad de se av5tur> e/a prueba semeja que qui]e t5t> a ,dios ,nue/ro ,seor1 que es cosa que l def5di por su palabra all d dixo3 ve a ri$ro satanas1 non t5t>s a ,dios tu seor4--7,! ,italics are m9e74 ,see also 8,ordeal0 9 ,ha/+s ,encyclop$ia ( ,religion & ,e?ics1 ,vol4 ,,ix1 page #ejh4 #ed ,9 ,b]ceo's ,miraglos de ,nue/ra ,seora ,no4 #bj1 we f9d ! same leg5d1 b "h ! ,devil takes ! =m ( a bull1 a dog & a lion4 ,! ,virg9 takes ! prie/ home & puts him to b$ & !n bids him g to confession next morn+ & d p5ance4 #ee ,accord+ to ! law x 0 =bidd5 to make effigies :ile try+ to produce or break ! spell ( love4 ,p>tidas #g-bc-b4 #ef ,! conception ( w\nd+ an image is develop$ fur!r 9 ! ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral4 p4 #beh a #eb1 :]e a ,jew = spite ent]s a *ur* & w\nds ! image ) 8 knife & !n1 hid+ x "u 8 mantle1 makes 8 way home1 :]e he fur!r mutilates x4 ,:5 he rea*es home he f9ds ! mantle wet ) blood b he does n notice t x has dripp$ on ! gr\nd1 ?us leav+ 8 traces4 ,:5 ! ,*ri/ians meet at ! *ur* !y miss ! image & trace x by its blood4 ,:5 ! ,jew is f\nd1 due puni%m5t is met$ out to him4 #eg ,comp>e ?is ) ! /ory ( ,jesus walk+ ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ! cr[d t _h ga!r$ to ?r[ him ov] ! precipice 7,luke #d3bh-cj74 #eh ,los ,tres ,reyes ,magos4 #ei ,probably t conta9+ ! fir/ "o hnndr$ ,cantigas4 ,see p4 #cj1 note #d4 #fj ,= a fur!r /udy ( conjur+1 & ! p[] ( ! names ( ! ,deity see p4 #aac ff4 #fa ,accord+ to ,las ,siete ,p>tidas1 x 0 prohibit$ to bury 9 holy gr\nd ^? :o di$ 9 t\rnam5ts1 = ! ,*ur* =bade su* pa/imes4 ,p>tidas1 #a-ac-aj4 #fb ,physicians 7 =bidd5 to give m$ic9e until aft] confession "u p5alty ( excommunication1 because illness1 x 0 claim$1 0 (t5 due to s94 ,p>tidas1 #a-d-hc4 #fc ,9 ^! ?ree *apt]s1 z /at$ above1 ,i h summ>iz$ only a suffici5t numb] ( ! miracles ( ?is collection to illu/rate ! v>i\s types ( sup]natural ph5om5a pres5t$4 ,"s ( ! incid5ts1 al?o closely connect$ ) ,sa9t ,m>y1 bett] illu/rate "s o!r phase ( ?is /udy 7su* z ! "* ( ! ,devil1 ! p[] ( ! ,ho/1 conjur+1 etc471 & :5 ?is is ! case !y h be5 us$ 9 _! appropriate place4 #fd ,et quanto en sse todas las criaturas fizo bu5as1 mas cay]on algunas dellas en y]ro2 las unas por si mesmas1 asi como el diablo se p]di por su orgullo et por su sob]bia1 et los otros por consejo de otri1 asi como ,adan1 etc4 ,p>tidas1 #a-c4--;,introduction p4 #ch4 #fe 8,c]ca de las eglesias tovi]on por bi5 los santos padres que fues5 las sepolturas de los cri/ianos1 et e/o por quatro razones3 444 la qu>ta porque los diablos non han pod] de se alleg> tanto los cu>pos de los mu]tos que son sot]rados en los cem5t]ios como los que yac5 de fu]a30 ,p>tidas #a-ac-b4 #ff ,see conjur+1 p4 #aac4 #fg p4 #bff4 ,= a fur!r discussion see 8,visions01 p4 #ajg4 #fh ,las ,cantigas ,no4 #bf1 ,see also ,b]ceo's ,miraglos de ,nue/ra ,seora1 ,,viii4 #fi ,las ,cantigas1 ,no4 #c4 ,b]ceo3 ,los ,miraglos de ,nue/ra ,seora1 ,no4 #bd1 v>ies f ?is slightly4 #gj ,idem ,no4 #baf4 ,v int]e/+ = its details is ! devil-pact /ory 9 ,el ,arcipre/e de ,hita1 #aded ff4 #ga p4 #bjf4 #gb ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #bab4 #gc ,see p4 #fc4 #gd ,9 ,el ,libro de ,alej&ro is a vivid description1 #bahj ff4 :i* 0 d\btless kn[n by ,alfonso4 ,see also ,sr4 ,miguel ,zn ,palacios' ,la ,escatologa ,musulmana en ,la ,div9a ,com$ia1 ,madrid1 #aiai1 = a discussion ( ! ,mohamm$an leg5ds ( ,inf]no & _! influ5ce on ,europe 9 g5]al & ,spa9 & ,italy 9 p>ticul>4 #ge ,see ! laws cit$ "u p4 #aja4 #gf ,! be/ example ( en*antm5t 9 ,ca/illian prior to ,alfonso is ,b]ceo's ,miraglos de ,nue/ra ,seora1 ,,xxiv1 ,biblioteca de ,autores ,espaoles1 ,vol4 #eg4 ,madrid1 #ahhc4 ,9 ,el ,libro de ,alej&ro are to be f\nd en*ant$ f\nta9s1 #acca ff41 en*ant$ armor1 #fae ff41 en*ant$ p]sons1 #fgh ff41 & ! magic knot no "o c untie1 #ghg ff4 ,see ,samuel ,m4 ,waxman1 ,*apt]s 9 ,spani% ,magic1 ,new ,york1 #aiaf1 = a /udy ( ?is subject 9 ! p]iod imm$iately foll[+ ,alfonso4 #gg ,la lg5de des infants de ,l>a1 ,p>is1 #ahih1 p4 #e-f4 7,extract f ,j\rnal des savants1 mai et ju91 #ahih47 #gh ,see note #f1 p4 #aja4 #gi ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral4 #abj b #cj4 #hj ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #aae a #ci ff4 #ha ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #aaa a #ea-ec4 #hb ,p>tidas1 #g-i-ag4 ,! v int]e/+ ,ttulo ,de los adev9os et de los encantadores is z foll[s3 ,,titulo ,,xxiii ,de los ,agor]os1 et de los ,sort]os1 et de los otros ,adev9os1 et de los ,he*ic]os et de los ,truhanes4 ,adev9> las cosas que son por v5ir cobdician los homes naturalm5te et porque algunos dellos prueban e/o en man]a que y]ran ellos et met5 otros mu*os en y]ro1 por ende pues que en el ttulo ante de/e fablamos de los alcahuetes que fac5 err> los homes et las mug]es en mu*as man]as1 qu]emos aqui decir otrosi de/os que son muy daosos la ti]ra3 et mo/r>emos qu qui]e decir adev9anza3 et quntas man]as son della3 et quin pu$e acus> a los fac$ores della3 et ante quin3 et qu p5a m]esc5 los que se trabajan a obr> della como non deb54 ,,ley ,i ,qu qui]e decir ,adev9anza1 et quntas man]es son della4 ,adev9anza tanto qui]e decir como qu]] tom> pod] de ,dios p>a sab] las cosas que son por v5ir4 ,et son dos man]as de adev9anza3 la prim]a es la que se face por arte de a/ronoma1 que es una de las siete artes lib]ales3 et e/a segunt el fu]o de las leyes non es def5dida de us> los que son ende mae/ros et la enti5d5 v]dad]am5te1 porque los juicios et los asmami5tos que se dan por e/a arte1 son catados por el curso natural de los planetas et de las otras e/rellas1 et tomados de los libros de ,tolomeo et de los otros sabidores que se trabaj>on de/a esci5cia3 mas los otros sic que non son ende sabidores1 non deb5 obr> por ella1 como qui] que se pu$an trabaj> de apr5d]la e/udi&o en los libros de los sabios4 ,la segunda man]a de adev9anza es de los agor]os1 et de los sort]os et de los fe*ic]os que catan en agu]o de aves1 de e/ornudos de palabras1 a que llaman prov]bio1 e*an su]tes1 catan en agua1 en cri/al1 en espejo1 en espada en otra cosa luci5te1 fac5 fe*izos de metal de otra cosa qualqui]1 o adev9an en cabeza de home mu]to1 de be/ia1 de p]ro1 en palma de nio de mug] vrg54 ,et e/os truhanes atales et todos los otros semejantes dellos porque son homes daosos et engaadores1 et nac5 de sus fe*os muy gr&es daos et malos la ti]ra1 def5demos que n+uno dellos non m en nue/ro seorio n9 use hi de/as cosas3 et otrosi que n+uno non sea osado de acog]los en sus casas n9 de encobrirlos4 ,,ley ,,ii ,de los que escantan 7encantan87 los ,espritus ,malos fac5 img9es otros fe*izos1 dan y]bas p>a enamorami5to de los homes et de las mug]es4 ,nigromancia dic5 en ,lat9 un sab] e/rao que es p>a escant> los espritus malos4 ,et porque de los homes que se trabajan fac] e/o vi5e muy grant dao la ti]ra et sealadam5te los que los cre5 et les dem&an alguna cosa en esa razn1 acaescindoles mu*as ocasiones por el espanto que recib5 &&o de no*e busc&o e/as cosas atales en los lug>es extraos1 de man]a que algunos dellos mu]51 f9can locos o demuniados2 por ende def5demos que n+uno non sea osado de trabaj>se de us> tal nemiga como e/a1 porque es cosa que pesa ,dios et vi5e ende muy grant dao a los homes4 ,otrosi def5demos que n+uno non sea osado de fac] img9es de c]a1 n9 de metal n9 de otros fe*izos malos p>a enamor> los homes con las mug]es1 n9 p>a p>tir el amor que algunos hobies5 entre s4 ,et aun def5demos que n+uno non sea osado de d> y]bas n9 brebage home mug] por razon de enamorami5to1 porque acaesce a las vegadas que de/os brebages atales vi55 a mu]te los que los toman1 han muy gr&es enf]m$ades de que f9can ocacionados p>a siempre4 ,,ley ,,iii ,quin pu$e acus> los ,truhanes1 et los ,b>atadores sobr$i*os et qu p5a m]esc54 ,acus> pu$a cada uno del pueblo delante del judgador los agor]os1 et los sort]os et los otros b>atadores de que fablamos en las leyes de/e ttulo4 ,et si les fu]e probado por te/igos o por conosc5cia dellos mesmos que fac5 obran contra nue/ro def5dimi5to algunos de los y]ros sobr$i*os1 deb5 morir por ende3 et los que los encubi]5 en sus casas sabi5das1 deb5 se] e*ados de la ti]ra p>a siempre4 ,p]o los que fici5s5 encantami5tos otras cosas con bu5a ent5cin1 asi como p>a sacas demonios de los cu]pos de los homes o p>a desleg> a los que fues5 m>ido et mug] que non pudies5 conv5ir en uno1 o p>a desat> nube que e*ase granizo niebla porque non corrompiese los frutos de la ti]ra1 p>a lango/a pulgon que daa el pan las viz1 por alguna otra cosa prove*osa semejante de/as non debe hab] p5a1 ante decimos que deb5 rescebir gual>don por ello4 #hc ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #ig b #bf ff4 #hd ,idem1 p4 #ee a #d ff4 #he ,idem1 p4 #bgd b #bb ff4 ,on page #cjg b #d is to be f\nd ,alfonso's v]sion ( ! leg5d ( ! la/ k+ ( ! ,go?s :i* is z foll[s3 ,aft] op5+ ! palace & f9d+ ! ark 8el rey m&o la abrir1 et non fall>on en ella s9on un panno en que e/auan escriptas letras lad9as que dizi5 assi3 que qu&o aquellas c]raduras fuess5 crebantadas et ell arca et el palacio fuess5 abi]tos et lo que y yazie fuesse ui/o1 que y5tes de tal man]a como en aquel panno e/auan p9tadas que entr>i5 en ,espanna et la conqu]iri5 et s]i5 ende s5nores4 ,el rei qu&o aquello oyo1 pesol mu*o por que el palacio fizi]a abrir1 e fizo c]r> ell arca et el palacio assi como e/auan de prim]o4 ,en aquel palacio e/auan p9tados omnes de c>as et de p>esc] et de man]a et de ue/ido assi como agora &an los al>aues1 e t5i5 sus cabecas cubi]tas de tocas1 et sey5 en cauallos1 et los ue/idos dellos eran de mu*os colores1 e t5ian en las manos espadas et balle/as et s5nas alcadas4 ,e el rey et los altos omnes fu]on mu*o esp&ados por aquellas p9turas que uiran40 ,= a detail$ /udy ( ?is leg5d see ,juan ,m5ndez ,pidal1 ,ley5das del ltimo rey godo4 #hf ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #ce b #di ff4 #hg ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #afd a #ac ff4 #hh ,idem1 p4 #ih a #h ff4 #hi ,idem1 p4 #ajg a #dj4 #ij ,p>tidas1 #a-aj-aj & reads z foll[s3 8,que non deb5 fac] eglesia n9 alt> por sueo n9 por antoianza de n+uno4 ,descubr5 o fac5 algunos homes engaosam5te alt>es por los campos o por las villas1 dici5do que ha en aquellos lug>es reliquias de algunos santos asac&o que fac5 miraglos2 et por e/a razon muev5 las g5tes de mu*as p>tes que v5gan alli como en rom]ia por llev> algo dellos3 otros hi ha que por sueos o por vanas antoianzas que les ap>esc5 fac5 alt>es et las descubr5 en los lug>es sobr$i*os3 444 el obispo debe amone/> las g5tes que non vayan a aquellos lug>es en rom]ia1 fu]as ende si fallas5 hi ci]tam5te cu]po reliquias de algunt santo que hobiese hi fe*o su morada1 o fuese hi m>trizado40 #ia ,repetition w n be made "h ( :at already has be5 said z ! *>act]i/ics ( ! visions 9 ,las ,cantigas1 ,cf4 pages #ff ff4 #ib ,zn1 9 ,la ,escatalogia ,musulmana1 p4 #bhg ff41 & ,guilln ,robles 9 ,ley5das ,moriscas1 ,prlogo1 ,vol4 ,i1 discuss ?is type ( leg5ds & _! orig9s4 #ic ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #bgf4 #id ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #bec b #bd4 #ie ,idem1 p4 #bgj a #a4 #if ,las ,cantigas ,no4 #bib4 #ig ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #bgi b #a4 #ih ,idem1 p4 #ch b #aa4 #ii ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #bcg b #bi4 #ajj ,idem1 p4 #aie a #af4 #aja ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #bff-bgd4 #ajb ,zn1 9 ,escatalogia ,musulmana1 has made a c>eful /udy ( ?is & simil> visions4 ,see also ! ,prlogo to ,guilln ,robles'1 ,ley5das ,moriscas1 p4 #ff ff4 #ajc ,a summ>y ( ,p>tidas1 #a-d-af4 #ajd ,idem1 #a-f-aa4 #aje ,idem1 #f-g-d4 #ajf ,idem1 p4 #a-d-di4 #ajg ,p>tidas1 #a-d-ch & #ci4 #ajh ,idem1 #a-d-ga4 #aji ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 #ahi ff4 ,9 ,las ,cantigas ,no4 #add ! sc5e ( ! miracle is a bull r+4 ,= a hi/ory ( ! bullfight 9 ,spa9 see ,conde de las ,navas1 ,hi/oria de las corridas de toros4 #aaj ,see p4 #fh4 #aaa ,= ! /udy ( ! gho/ 9 ! drama see ,c4 ,e4 ,:itmore1 ,! ,sup]natural 9 ,trag$y1 ,cambridge4 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiae4 #aab ,nos4 #ajd1 #abh1 #bjh1 & #bch4 #aac ,t is 9 ,no4 #abh4 #aad ,nos4 #ab1 #abh1 #acc1 #ade1 #adi1 #agi1 #baa1 #bbh1 #bcd1 #bea1 #bic1 #caa1 #cbb4 #aae ,p>tidas1 #a-d-ajd4 #aaf ,p>tidas1 #a-d-aje4 #aag ,?is same motif ( wi%+ to jo9 ! ,*ild ,jesus 9 heav5 is beautifully enl>g$ ^u 9 ,no4 #aci4 ,a ,flemi% woman takes h] *ild ) h] to ask guidance ( ! ,virg94 ,on arriv+ be=e ! %r9e ! little fell[1 :o has be5 eat+ bread on ! way1 (f]s 8 bread to ! ,*ild ,jesus1 say+1 8,d y want "s80 ,9 answ] to ! invitation ! ,*ri/ ,*ild replies 8,tomorr[ y w eat ) me 9 heav540 ,no4 #cec has _m po9ts ( resemblance4 #aah ,p>tidas1 #a-f4 ,intro1 p4 #bej4 #aai ,antonio ,g4 ,solal9de1 ,g5]al ,e/oria 9 ,antologia de ,alfonso ,x1 el ,sabio1 p4 #bja-bjb4 #abj ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral41 p4 #acf-;b-#ba4 #aba ,idem1 p4 #ajh ff4 #abb ,idem1 p4 #bce a #c ff4 #abc ,solal9de1 ,antologia de ,alfonso ,x1 el ,sabio1 p4 #bfb4 #abd ,solal9de1 ,antologia de ,alfonso ,x1 el ,sabio1 p4 #bfd-fe4 ,9 ! ,libro de ,alej&ro we f9d ! my/]i\s bird cont9ually be+ burn$ 9 its ne/ only to be reviv$ aga9 :5 half consum$1 l9e #bcaa1 z well z ! h5 t ceases to lay ! gold5 eggs :5 ,alej&ro is born1 because !y w\ld be no long] ne$$ to pay tribute1 l9e #acj4 ,!re are also ! two 8grifos0 :i* c>ry him ?ru ! air all ov] ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,europe 7l9es #bccc ff474 ,9 ! second "p ( ! ,prim]a ,crnica ,g5]al ! body ( ! ,cid1 n[ sev5 ye>s dead1 is said to draw its sword a palm's bread? :5 affront$ by a ,jew & nev] c\ld ! sword be =c$ back into its scabb>d 7p4 #fdb b #bf74 #abe ,p>tidas1 #a-aj-ab1 8,et non deb5 consagr> alt> n+uno1 fu]as ende el que fu]e de pi$ra1 et qu&o lo consagr5 deb5 met] en l algunas reliquias04 7,italics are m9e47 #abf ,prim4 ,crn4 ,gral4 #afa b #cj ff4 #abg ,doro?y ,sc>bor\gh1 ,! ,sup]natural 9 ,mod]n ,engli% ,fiction1 p4 #age4 ,! ,italics 9 ! quotation are m9e4