,wireless ,telegraphy & ,telephony ,simply ,expla9$ ,transcrib]'s ,note ,?is book 0 transcrib$ f scans ( ! orig9al f\nd at ,google ,books4 ,i h n transcrib$ ! orig9al book's index4 ,v>iant spell+ are n correct$4 ,"s illu/rations are rotat$4 ,,wireless ,,telegraphy ,,& ,,telephony ,,simply ,,expla9$1 ,a ,,practical ,,treatise ,embrac+ ,complete & ,detail$ ,explanations ( ! ,!ory & ,practice ( ,mod]n ,radio ,app>atus & its ,pres5t ,day ,applications1 toge!r ) a *apt] on ! ,possibilities ( its ,future ,developm5t ,,by ,,alfr$ ,p4 ,,morgan ,,editor ,,me*anical ,,& ,,electrical ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,boy',s ,,magaz9e1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,wireless ,,telegraph ,,con/ruction ,,= ,,amateurs1 ,,etc4 ,,v ,,fully ,,illu/rat$ ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,norman ,w4 ,,h5ley ,,publi%+ ,,co4 #acb ,,nassau ,,/reet #aiaf ,,copyright #aiae ,,& #aiab ,,by ,,! ,,norman ,w4 ,,h5ley ,,publi%+ ,,company ,composition1 ,electrotyp+ & ,pr9t+ ,by ,j4 ,j4 ,,little ,ives ,co41 ,new ,york ,,preface ,probably no m>vel ( mod]n sci5ce s grips ! imag9ation z ! my/]y ( ^? quiv]+ impulses :i* g =? invisibly to l9k a %ip sail+ ov] ! seas ) ! %ores ( ! di/ant l&4 ,! au?or has endeavor$ to furni% a compreh5sive explanation1 9 simple language1 ( ! !ory & practice ( ?is wond]ful art1 & to expla91 z f> z possible1 ! importance ( ! position occupi$ by wireless telegraphy to-day & ! possibilities ( to-morr[4 ,! title ( ?is book naturally limits ! am\nt ( discussion t c be und]tak51 & s1 9 ! space at comm&1 !re has n be5 any real attempt made to ent] into any eng9e]+ or con/ructive details fur!r ?an is necess>y to make ! text cle>4 ,mu* t might prop]ly be made a "p ( ! preface has be5 embodi$ 9 ! book1 9 ord] to avoid repetition1 & to also br+ c]ta9 matt] to ! att5tion ( ^? read]s :o consid] a preface to be m]ely an opportunity = ! au?or ( a book to express op9ions v (t5 q =eign to ! title1 & s unconc]n$ly skip x ) h>dly m ?an a pass+ glance4 ,! au?or wi%es to ext5d 8 s9c]e ?anks to ,mr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,"y1 ,editor ( ,popul> ,electricity2 to ,mr4 ,john ,fir?1 to ,colonel ,george ,p4 ,scriv51 & to ! ,sci5tific ,am]ican1 = _! k9dness 9 supply+ photographs = "s ( ! illu/rations1 & to 8 fri5d1 ,mr4 ,saf=d ,adams1 :o has k9dly read ! pro(s & made _m valuable sugge/ions4 ,,alfr$ ,p4 ,,morgan4 ,may1 #aiae4 ,,to ,,nikola ,,tesla ,,^: ,,g5ius ,,has ,,h>ness$ ,,electricity ,,to ,,! ,,daily ,,"w ,,( ,,man ,,& ,,^: ,,inv5tions ,,are ,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,all ,,mod]n ,,wireless ,,transmission1 ,,?is ,,book ,,is ,,d$icat$4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,preface ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory3 ,,wireless ,,transmission ,,& ,,reception4 ,,! ,,e!r4 ,,electrical ,,oscillations4 ,,electromagnetic ,,waves4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,means ,,= ,,radiat+ ,,& ,,int]cept+ ,,electric ,,waves4 ,,a]ial ,,sy/ems4 ,,e>? ,,connection4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,transmitt+ ,,app>atus4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,receiv+ ,,app>atus4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,tun+ ,,& ,,c\pl+1 ,,directive ,,wave ,,telegraphy4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,dignity ,,( ,,wireless4 ,,its ,,applications ,,& ,,s]vice4 ,,wireless ,,9 ,,! ,,army ,,& ,,navy4 ,,wireless ,,on ,,an ,,a]oplane4 ,,h[ ,a ,,message ,,is ,,s5t ,,& ,,receiv$4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,e>4 ,,h[ ,,we ,,he>4 ,,s\nd ,,& ,,s\nd ,,waves4 ,,! ,,vocal ,,*ords4 ,,! ,,/ructure ,,( ,,spee*4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,telephone ,,transmitt] ,,& ,,receiv]4 ,,! ,,photo ,,phone4 ,,! ,,!rmophone4 ,,! ,,sel5ium ,,cell4 ,,! ,,speak+ ,,arc4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,wireless ,,telephone4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,rem>ks4 ,,!ory4 ,,accompli%m5ts4 ,,maxwell',s ,,h]tz',s ,,discov]y4 ,,! ,,future4 ,,catalogue ,,( ,,good1 ,,practical ,,books ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,fig4 #a4--,?r[ a /one into a pool ( wat] & little waves w radiate f ! spot :]e ! /one /ruck4 ,fig4 #b4--;,a ,leyd5 j> is a glass j> l9$ inside & outside ) t9foil = ab\t two-?irds ( its height4 ,fig4 #c4--;,a /atic ma*9e1 connect$ to a ,leyd5 j>4 ,fig4 #d4--;,a ,leyd5 j> dis*>g+ ?r\gh a coil ( wire4 ,fig4 #e4--;,curv$ l9e repres5t+ an oscillatory dis*>ge ( a ,leyd5 j>4 ,fig4 #f4--,navy type ( ,leyd5 j>s4 ,fig4 #g4--,! simple/ practical transmitt]4 ,fig4 #h4--;,a cross-section ( ! a]ial & atmosph]e4 ,fig4 #i4--,"u ! same conditions1 b view$ f above4 ,fig4 #aj4--;,a simple receiv+ arrangem5t4 ,fig4 #aa4--;,an amateur a]ial & /ation4 ,fig4 #ab4--,! ,army wireless /ation at ,=t ,gibbons4 ,fig4 #ac4--,lightn+ dis*>ge ne> ,montclair1 ,n4 ,j4 ,fig4 #ad4-,photo ( d\ble lightn+ dis*>ge pass+ to e>? ne> ! ,fir/ ,orange ,m\nta91 ,montclair1 ,n4 ,j4 ,fig4 #ae4--,v]tical a]ials ( ! grid1 fan & inv]t$ pyramid types4 ,fig4 #af4--;,a diagram %[+ pyramid a]ial4 ,fig4 #ag4-;,a diagram illu/rat+ ! directive action ( a flat-top a]ial4 ,fig4 #ah4--;,a]ials ( ! ,v & inv]t$ ,l types4 ,fig4 #ai4--;,a diagram %[+ ! arrangem5t ( a ,t a]ial4 ,fig4 #bj4--;,flat top a]ials ( ! inv]t$ ,u & ,t types4 ,fig4 #ba4--,umbrella a]ial4 ,fig4 #bb4--;,an amateur a]ial 7flat top74 ,fig4 #bc4--;,diagram %[+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 loop & /raightaway a]ials4 ,fig4 #bd4--,%[+ h[ wires are arrang$ & insulat$4 ,fig4 #be4--;,a]ial insulator4 ,fig4 #bf4--,lead+-9 insulator4 ,fig4 #bg4-;,a side view ( ! a]ial %[n 9 ,fig4 #bb4 ,fig4 #bh4--;,diagram %[+ h[ batt]ies may be arrang$4 ,fig4 #bi4--,! p[] plant ( a ,m>coni transatlantic /ation4 ,fig4 #cj4--;,if a magnet be sudd5ly plung$ into a holl[ coil ( wire a mom5t>y curr5t w be induc$ 9 ! coil4 ,fig4 #ca4--,magnetic phantom =m$ by a b> magnet4 ,fig4 #cb4--,magnetic phantom =m$ by a wire c>ry+ curr5t4 ,fig4 #cc4--,magnetic phantom =m$ by a coil ( wire c>ry+ curr5t4 ,fig4 #cd4--;,diagram ( induction coil4 ,fig4 #ce4--;,induction coil = wireless telegraph purposes4 ,fig4 #cf4--;,induction coil prim>y & second>y4 ,fig4 #cg4--;,int]rupt] = induction coil4 ,fig4 #ch4--;,electrolytic int]rupt]4 ,fig4 #ci4--,op5 & clos$ core trans=m]s4 ,fig4 #dj4--,l9es repres5t+ direct & int]mitt5t direct curr5ts4 ,fig4 #da4--;,diagram repres5t+ alt]nat+ curr5t4 ,fig4 #db4--;,high pot5tial humm+ trans=m]4 ,fig4 #dc4--;,high pot5tial clos$ core trans=m] = wireless "w4 ,fig4 #dd4--,leyd5 j> set = oil imm]sion4 ,fig4 #de4--,oil imm]s$ cond5s]4 ,fig4 #df4--;,diagram %[+ con/ruction ( cond5s]4 ,fig4 #dg4-,tubul> cond5s]4 ,fig4 #dh4--;,helix4 ,fig4 #di4--;,close c\pl$ helix4 ,fig4 #ej4--,sp>k gap4 ,fig4 #ea4--;,circuit %[+ tun$ transmitt+ sy/em employ+ close c\pl$ helix4 ,fig4 #eb4--,photo ( sp>k gap4 ,fig4 #ec4--,qu5*$ sp>k gap4 ,fig4 #ed4--;,diagram ( a]ial swit*4 ,fig4 #ee4--,photo ( a]ial swit*4 ,fig4 #ef4--;,an*or gap4 ,fig4 #eg4-,wireless key4 ,fig4 #eh4--,photo ( wireless key4 ,fig4 #ei4--,key & a]ial swit*4 ,fig4 #fj4--,portable receiv+ set & case4 ,fig4 #fa4--;,complete receiv+ outfit4 ,fig4 #fb4--,portable pack set4 ,fig4 #fc4--;,complete receiv+ set4 ,fig4 #fd4--,%[+ ! con/ruction ( a wat* case telephone receiv]4 ,fig4 #fe4--,pick>d adju/able telephone receiv]s4 ,fig4 #ff4--;,illu/rat+ ! valve action ( a rectify+ detector4 ,fig4 #fg4--;,a new type ( silicon detector4 ,fig4 #fh4--;,diagram draw+ analogy betwe5 rectify+ action ( a detector & pump4 ,fig4 #fi4--,pyron detector4 ,fig4 #gj4--,p]ikon detector4 ,fig4 #ga4--,silicon detector4 ,fig4 #gb4--;,electrolytic detector4 ,fig4 #gc4--;,electrolytic detector 9 circuit4 ,fig4 #gd4--,pot5tiomet]4 ,fig4 #ge4--;,diagram %[+ h[ pot5tiomet] is connect$ 9 a circuit4 ,fig4 #gf4--;,analogy betwe5 sw++ & tun+4 ,fig4 #gg4--,receiv+ a message 9 a ,m>coni transatlantic /ation4 ,fig4 #gh4--,tun+ coil ( ! d\ble slide type4 ,fig4 #gi4--;,diagram %[+ fix$ cond5s] 9 circuit4 ,fig4 #hj4-;,fix$ cond5s]4 ,fig4 #ha4--,rot>y v>iable cond5s]4 ,fig4 #hb4--;,int]ior ( rot>y v>iable cond5s]1 %[+ con/ruction4 ,fig4 #hc4--;,dr4 ,seibt's rot>y v>iable cond5s]4 ,fig4 #hd4--,slid+ plate v>iable cond5s]4 ,fig4 #he4--;,diagram %[+ arrangem5t ( rot>y v>iable cond5s] 9 receiv+ circuit4 ,fig4 #hf4--;,*a9 & ball arrang$ to illu/rate ! effect ( tun+4 ,fig4 #hg4--,loose c\pl$ helix4 ,fig4 #hh4--;,hot-wire ammet]4 ,fig4 #hi4--,! pr9ciple ( ! hot-wire ammet]4 ,fig4 #ij4--;,diagram %[+ loose c\pl$ helix 9 circuit4 ,fig4 #ia4--,loose c\pl$ tun+ coil4 ,fig4 #ib4--,loose c\pl$ tun]4 ,fig4 #ic4--;,diagram %[+ position ( loose c\pl] 9 circuit4 ,fig4 #id4-;,=t ,gibbons1 ,alaska1 wireless /ation4 ,fig4 #ie4--,transmitt+ cond5s]4 ,fig4 #if4--;,braun's me?od = direct+ wireless telegraph signals4 ,fig4 #ig4--;,bell9i-,tosi radio-goniomet]4 ,fig4 #ih4--;,arrangem5t ( ,bell9i & ,tosi = directive wireless telegraphy4 ,fig4 #ii4--;,complete receiv+ & transmitt+ outfit4 ,fig4 #ajj4--,special lightweight wireless telegraph set = air%ip s]vice4 ,fig4 #aja4--,telefunk5 wireless c>t1 %[+ transmitt]4 ,fig4 #ajb4--,telefunk5 wireless c>t = milit>y s]vice4 ,fig4 #ajc4--,telefunk5 wireless wagon set 9 op]ation at ,=t ,leav5wor?4 ,fig4 #ajd4--,wireless room abo>d ! ,u4 ,s4 transport ,bu=d4 ,fig4 #aje4 ,! app>atus set up = op]ation4 ,fig4 #ajf4--,wireless equipp$ automobile4 ,fig4 #ajg4--;,co4 ,signal ,corps at ,san ,antonio4 ,fig4 #ajh4--,u4 ,s4 ,signal ,corps pack set %[n op5 & clos$4 ,fig4 #aji4--,! receiv+ app>atus ( ! air%ip ,am]ica4 ,fig4 #aaj4--;,int]ior ( ! ,n4 ,y4 ,h]ald ,press /ation4 ,fig4 #aaa4--,op]at+ ! ,u4 ,s4 ,signal ,corps air%ip wireless app>atus4 ,fig4 #aab4--,! ,n4 ,y4 ,h]ald /ation1 %[+ a]ial4 ,fig4 #aac4--,op]ator ,jack ,irw9 ov]haul+ ! wireless app>atus = ! dirigible balloon ,am]ica4 ,fig4 #aad4--,morse code4 ,fig4 #aae4--;,cont95tal code4 ,fig4 #aaf4--,transmitt+ equipm5t ( ! high-p[] /ation at ,nau54 ,fig4 #aag4--;,duplex receiv+ app>atus4 ,fig4 #aah4--;,break+-9 sy/em4 ,fig4 #aai4--,! receiv+ app>atus ( ! /ation at ,nau54 ,fig4 #abj4--;,diagram ( ! e>4 ,fig4 #aba4--,! ossicles4 ,fig4 #abb4--;,bon j\r4 ,fig4 #abc4--;,exp]im5t %[+ s\nd+ bodies are 9 vibration4 ,fig4 #abd4--,me?od ( regi/]+ vibrations ( a tun+ =k4 ,fig4 #abe4--,way l9e made by a bri/le atta*$ to a tun+ =k prong 9 vibration :5 pass$ ov] smok$ glass4 ,fig4 #abf4--;,illu/rat+ ! action ( air waves4 ,fig4 #abg4--,! vocal *ords 9 position = mak+ a s\nd4 ,fig4 #abh4--,! vocal *ords :5 relax$4 ,fig4 #abi4-,ko5ig's manometric flame app>atus4 ,fig4 #acj4--;,appe>ance ( manometric flame 9 revolv+ mirror4 ,fig4 #aca4--;,diagram ( a telephone transmitt]4 ,fig4 #acb4--;,diagram %[+ ! pr9ciple & con/ruction ( ! telephone receiv]4 ,fig4 #acc4--,! photophone4 ,fig4 #acd4--,photophone receiv+ app>atus4 ,fig4 #ace4--,photophone transmitt+ app>atus4 ,fig4 #acf4--,p[]ful se>*light arrang$ to transmit spee* ov] a beam ( light4 ,fig4 #acg4--,! electric arc4 ,fig4 #ach4--;,circuit %[+ h[ a s++ arc is arrang$4 ,fig4 #aci4--;,a logical =m ( wireless telephone :i* is impractical4 ,fig4 #adj4--;,de,forest wireless telephone equipm5t4 ,fig4 #ada4--,wireless telephone receiv+ app>atus 7induction me?od74 ,fig4 #adb4--;,fess5d5 wireless telephone transmitt+ phonograph music4 ,fig4 #adc4--;,diagram illu/rat+ :y damp$ oscillations w n c>ry ! voice4 ,fig4 #add4--;,h[ ! s\nd waves ( ! voice are impress$ ^u undamp$ oscillations4 ,fig4 #ade4--;,arrangem5t ( ! speak+ arc4 ,fig4 #adf4--;,diagram %[+ h[ a wireless telephone transmitt+ sy/em is arrang$4 ,fig4 #adg4--,p\ls5 wireless telephone equipm5t4 ,fig4 #adh4--,! ,majorana wireless telephone transmitt]4 ,fig4 #adi4--,%[+ ! bru% dis*>ge f a ,m>coni transatlantic a]ial at night4 ,fig4 #aej4--;,an amateur wireless' telegraph /ation4 ,fig4 #aea4--,! high-p[] naval wireless telegraph /ation "u con/ruction at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,fig4 #aeb4--,! curv$ l9es repres5t ! radius ( ! gov]nm5t high-p[] wireless /ations & %[ ! zones ov] :i* direct communication may be _h ) %ips4 ,fig4 #aec4--,! a]ial sy/em ( a transatlantic /ation4 ,fig4 #aed4--;,fong ,yee1 a ,*9ese amateur wireless op]ator4 ,fig4 #aee4--,tesla _w p[] plant4 ,fig4 #aef4--,tw5ty-five-foot sp>ks f a ,tesla trans=m]4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory3 ,,wireless ,,transmission ,,& ,,reception4 ,,! ,,e!r4 ,,electrical ,,oscillations4 ,,electromagnetic ,,waves4 ,wireless telegraphy1 t m>vel\s art :i* has made possible ! in/antane\s transmission ( intellig5ce betwe5 widely di/ant p>ts hav+ no app>5t physical connection save t ( ! e>?1 air1 & wat]1 is "o ( ^? wond]s ( sci5ce :i* appeal to ! av]age m9d z ei!r incompreh5sible or only expla9able ?r\gh ! use ( highly te*nical language4 ,contr>y to ?is g5]al op9ion1 h[ev]1 ! :ole !ory & practice ( ! wireless transmission ( messages is capable ( ! simple/ explanation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,?r[ a /one into a pool ( wat] & little waves w radiate f ! spot :]e ! /one /ruck4 ,?r[ a /one into a pool ( wat]4 ,a di/urbance is imm$iately creat$1 & little waves w radiate f ! spot :]e ! /one /ruck ! wat]1 gradually spread+ out into enl>g+ circles until !y rea* ! %ores or die away4 ,by ?r[+ sev]al /ones 9 succession ) v>y+ int]vals betwe5 !m x w\ld be possible to s arrange a set ( signals t !y w\ld convey a mean+ to "o :o is initiat$1 /&+ on ! opposite side ( ! pool4 ,! little waves are ! vehicle :i* transmits ! intellig5ce1 & ! wat] ! m$ium 9 :i* ! waves travel4 ,wireless telegraph in/rum5ts are simply a means = creat+ & detect+ waves 9 a great pool ( e!r4 ,sci5ti/s suppose t all space & matt] is p]vad$ ) a hypo!tical m$ium ( extreme t5uity & ela/icity1 call$ lum9if]\s e!r1 or simply e!r4 ,al?\gh e!r is invisible1 odorless1 & practically weightless1 x is n m]ely ! fanta/ic creation ( speculative philosoph]s1 b is z ess5tial to our exi/5ce z ! air we brea! & ! food we eat4 ,by imag9+ & accept+ its reality1 x is possible to expla9 & und]/& _m sci5tific puzzles4 ,! univ]se is a va/ pool ( e!r4 ,x is all-p]vad+4 ,!re is no void4 ,x is diffus$ ev5 among ! molecules ( :i* solid bodies are compos$4 ,! /udy ( ?is sub/ance is1 p]haps1 "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ & important duties ( ! physici/4 ,n9ety million miles away f our e>? is a huge flam+ body ( vapors & gases1 call$ ! sun4 ,?is see?+ mass ( flame & heat furni%es u m ?an m]e w9t] & summ] & night & day1 = we on ?is e>? are n liv+ on our own res\rces1 & ! real "w ( ! _w s necess>y = ev5 b>e exi/5ce is accompli%$ by ! en]gy ( ! sun /or$ up 9 coal1 9 plants & trees & m\nta9 torr5ts4 ,light is kn[n to be vibrations ( an extremely rapid p]iod--99electromagnetic waves991 !y are call$4 ,heat c be %[n to be ( ! same nature4 ,travel+ at ! rate ( ov] #ahj1jjj miles p] second1 ^! two great gifts ( ! sun come /ream+ cont9ually d[n to u ov] ! inconceivable di/ance ( almo/ #ajj1jjj1jjj miles4 ,bo? require a m$ium = _! propagation4 ,! e!r supplies x4 ,x is ! sub/ance ) :i* ! univ]se is fill$4 ,incid5tally x is also ! seat ( all electrical & magnetic =ces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,a ,leyd5 j> is a glass j> l9$ inside & out ) t9foil = ab\t two-?irds ( its height4 ,9 ?r[+ ! /one into ! pool ( wat]1 muscul> en]gy ( ! arm is transf]r$ to ! /one1 & ! latt]1 ^u /rik+ ! surface ( ! pond1 imp>ts a portion ( t /or$ en]gy to ! little waves :i* are imm$iately creat$ 9 ! wat]4 ,9 sett+ up electromagnetic waves = wireless communication ! en]gy imp>t$ to ! e!r is electrical en]gy1 develop$ by c]ta9 int]e/+ in/rum5ts expla9$ fur!r on4 ,let u consid] briefly h[ ! waves are creat$ 9 a wireless telegraph /ation4 ,almo/ e "o has se5 & he>d ! brilliant snapp+ sp>k produc$ by ! dis*>ge ( a ,leyd5 j>4 ,a ,leyd5 j> 9 its common =m is a glass j> l9$ inside & out ) t9foil = ab\t two ?irds ( its height4 ,a brass rod1 t]m9at+ 9 a knob1 connects bel[ ) ! inn] coat+1 usually by means ( a loose *a94 ,x may be describ$ z a device :i* is capable ( /or+ electricity 9 ! =m ( en]gy & dis*>g+ ?is en]gy aga9 9 actual electricity4 ,?is dis*>ge has be5 ! subject ( _m int]e/+ inve/igations ( direct int]e/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--;,a /atic ma*9e connect$ to a ,leyd5 j>4 ,! inn] & out] coat+s are connect$ to ! t]m9als ( a /atic electric ma*9e 7an app>atus = g5]at+ electricity71 & ! ma*9e set 9 rotation4 ,aft] ! j> has be5 *>g$1 ! electric ma*9e is disconnect$ & "o end ( a coil ( heavy wire connect$ to ! outside coat+1 :ile ! o!r end ( ! wire is made to approa* ! knob connect$ ) ! inn] coat+4 ,be=e ! end ( ! wire rea*es ! knob a dis*>ge occurs ?r\gh ! coil1 produc+ a noisy brilliant sp>k betwe5 ! wire & ! knob4 ,! dis*>ge appe>s l a s+le sp>k1 b 9 reality x is compos$ ( a great _m foll[+ ea* o!r 9 rapid succession4 ,! j> dis*>ges its en]gy1 fir/ by a trem5d\s ru% ( curr5t 9 "o direction1 & !n ano!r dis*>ge some:at small] ?an ! fir/ 9 ! opposite direction4 ,!re is a s]ies ( ^! dis*>ges 9 rev]se directions1 b ea* dis*>ge is less & less1 until ! :ole am\nt ( en]gy is exp5d$4 ,! complete s]ies ( dis*>ges takes place 9 an almo/ immeasurable fraction ( "t4 ,x is f ?is ph5om5on t ! electrical t]m high frequ5cy oscillations1 s (t5 he>d ( 9 wireless p>lance1 is d]iv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--;,a ,leyd5 j> dis*>g+ ?r\gh a coil ( wire produces a brilliant sp>k & high frequ5cy oscillations are creat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--;,curv$ l9e repres5t+ an oscillatory dis*>ge ( a ,leyd5 j>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,navy type ( ,leyd5 j>s4 ,coat$ ) copp] deposit$ ^u ! surface ( ! glass4 ,high frequ5cy oscillations are ! pebbles :i*1 dropp$ into ! va/ pool ( e!r1 ev]y:]e1 set up ripples call$ electromagnetic waves 7id5tical ) ! electromagnetic waves ( light1 b long] & s beyond ! limits ( our spectrum & ! vision ( ! eye74 ,! mann] 9 :i* ?is is accompli%$ may be expla9$ by say+ t ! *>ge creates a /ate ( /ra9 9 ! surr\nd+ e!r1 & !n abruptly releases x4 ,e!r possesses a high degree ( ela/icity1 s t :5 ! /ate ( /ra9 is ?us sudd5ly releas$1 x imm$iately returns to its =m] /ate4 ,! sudd5 motion ( ! e!r results 9 waves :i* spread out f _! s\rce 9 enl>g+ circles4 ,wireless telegraphy1 z x is practic$ to-day1 is bas$ ^u ! fact t a sy/em ( wires or circuits1 ?r\gh :i* high frequ5cy oscillations are surg+1 becomes a s\rce ( electromagnetic waves4 ,v>i\s me?ods h be5 devis$ = mak+ ! sy/em m effici5t & capable ( giv+ bett] results ) a giv5 am\nt ( p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--,! simple/ practical transmitt] t x is possible to devise = ! purpose ( s5d+ messages4 ,fig4 #g is a diagram %[+ ! simple/ practical transmitt] t x is possible to devise = ! purpose ( s5d+ messages a suffici5t di/ance to be ( any value4 ,x w\ld be impractical to use a /atic electric ma*9e = wireless transmission1 & s an induction coil or trans=m] is employ$4 ,^! latt] in/rum5ts are = ! purpose ( rais+ electric curr5ts ( a comp>atively l[ voltage to ! high pot5tial1 :]e !y h ! p[] ( g5]at+ high frequ5cy oscillations4 ,9 ! illu/ration ! curr5t f a batt]y is l$ into ! prim>y ( an induction coil4 ,! prim>y is simply a coil consi/+ ( a few turns ( wire1 :i* induces a high voltage 9 a second coil consi/+ ( a l>g] numb] ( turns1 & call$ ! second>y4 ,! t]m9als ( ! second>y are l$ to a sp>k gap--an arrangem5t compos$ ( two poli%$ brass balls1 sep>at$ by a small air space4 ,"o ( ! balls1 9 turn1 is connect$ to a metal plate buri$ 9 ! e>?1 & ! o!r to a network ( wires susp5d$ high 9 ! air & insulat$ f all surr\nd+ objects4 ,z not$ above1 a ,leyd5 j> consi/s ( two metallic coat+s1 sep>at$ by a wall ( glass4 ,! purpose ( ! coat+s is to =m a conductor & c>ry an electric *>ge4 ,a ,leyd5 j> possesses a *>act]i/ic call$1 9 electricity1 capacity4 ,any two conductors sep>at$ by an insulat+ m$ium possess capacity & all ! prop]ties ( a ,leyd5 j> or cond5s]4 ,! waves g5]at$ by a ,leyd5 j> w\ld be some:at weak & conf9$ to its own imm$iate neighborhood1 s rec\rse is _h to ! a]ial & gr\nd1 9 ord] to increase ! area ov] :i* ! oscillations ex]t _! influ5ce 9 sett+ up ! electric waves4 ,! a]ial sy/em corresponds to "o coat+ ( ! ,leyd5 j>1 & ! gr\nd to ! o!r4 ,! insulat+ m$ium 9 betwe51 correspond+ to ! glass1 or dielectric1 is ! atmosph]e4 ,:5 ! key connect$ to ! induction coil is press$1 ! batt]y curr5t fl[s ?r\gh ! prim>y & induces a high voltage curr5t 9 ! second>y1 :i* *>ges ! a]ial & gr\nd exactly z ! /atic ma*9e *>ges ! two coat+s ( ! ,leyd5 j>4 ,a sp>k !n leaps across ! sp>k gap & ! curr5t surges back & =? ?r\gh ! a]ial1 g5]at+ high frequ5cy oscillations :i*1 9 turn1 set up a /ate ( /ra9 9 ! surr\nd+ e!r1 & cause ! waves to travel out f ! sy/em4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,if a cross section ( ! a]ial & atmosph]e c\ld be made 9 ! same mann] t an apple is slic$ ) a knife & ! waves held /ation>y1 !y w\ld appe> z above4 ,^! waves foll[ ! cont\r ( ! e>?1 & s may cross m\nta9s & valleys1 & travel any:]e4 ,!y radiate f ! a]ial l ! ripples f a pebble 9 a pool ( wat]1 9 gradually enl>g+ circles4 ,if a cross section ( ! a]ial & atmosph]e c\ld be made 9 ! same mann] t an apple c be slic$ ) a knife1 & ! waves held /ation>y long en\gh to see !m1 !y w\ld appe> z 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,! curv$ l9es repres5t ! l9es ( /ra9 induc$ by ! oscillations4 ,ea* gr\p ( l9es repres5ts a wave4 ,x w be notic$ z !y radiate f>!r f ! a]ial t !y become l>g] & spread out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,"u ! same conditions1 b :5 view$ f above1 ! appe>ance w\ld be t ( a s]ies ( conc5tric circles4 ,! electromagnetic waves h ! p[] ( excit+ oscillations 9 a conductor on :i* !y imp+e4 ,?is is made use ( = ! purpose ( receiv+ ! messages4 ,:5 ! waves /rike ! a]ial ( a di/ant /ation !y set up high frequ5cy oscillations1 :i* are usually too weak to make _! pres5ce kn[n except ) ! aid ( a s5sitive device1 call$ a detector4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--;,a simple receiv+ arrangem5t4 ,! detector rectifies ! oscillatory curr5ts pass+ f ! a]ial to ! gr\nd s t !y w fl[ ?r\gh ! telephone receiv] & regi/] z s\nd4 ,! mo/ prom95t type ( detector 9 use to-day is a cry/al ( silicon1 iron pyrites1 z9cite or c]ta9 o!r m9]als4 ,! m9]al is plac$ betwe5 two contact po9ts1 "o or bo? ( :i* are adju/able s t ! mo/ s5sitive portion ( ! m9]al may be select$4 ,a telephone receiv] is connect$ across ! t]m9als ( ! detector4 ,:5 ! electromagnetic waves f ! transmitt+ /ation /rike ! a]ial ( ! receiv+ /ation1 !y set up !re9 a s]ies ( high frequ5cy oscillations1 correspond+ to ! ,morse signals emitt$ f ! transmitt]4 ,! oscillations fl[ back & =? ?r\gh ! a]ial & gr\nd1 /rik+ ! m9]al detector on _! j\rney4 ,! high frequ5cy oscillations are alt]nat+ curr5ts1 because !y rev]se _! direction _m ?\s& times p] second4 ,su* a curr5t w n pass ?r\gh ! telephone receiv]1 because ! little magnets conta9$ !re9 ex]t a *ok+ action on alt]nat+ curr5ts ( high frequ5cy & effectually block _! passage4 ,! m9]al detector acts z a valve1 all[+ ! curr5t to pass ?r\gh 9 "o direction1 b n p]mitt+ x to return or g 9 ! opposite direction4 ,! result is a s]ies ( impulses fl[+ 9 "o direction only1 & !re=e call$ a direct curr5t4 ,su* a curr5t w fl[ ?r\gh a telephone receiv] & produce a motion ( ! diaphragm :i* imp>ts its motion to ! surr\nd+ air1 ! result be+ s\nd waves audible to ! e>4 ,by v>y+ ! p]iods dur+ :i* ! key is press$ & ! oscillations are be+ produc$1 accord+ to a pre>rang$ code1 ! s\nds 9 ! receiv] may be made to assume an intelligible mean+4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,means ,,= ,,radiat+ ,,& ,,int]cept+ ,,electric ,,waves4 ,,a]ial ,,sy/ems4 ,,e>? ,,connection4 ,e radiotelegraphic /ation may be summ$ up z compris+ ^! elem5ts3 fir/ ( all1 c]ta9 appliances collectively =m+ ! transmitt] & s]v+ to create ! waves2 secondly1 ! receiv+ app>atus1 ^: function is to detect ! signals ( "s f>-di/ant s5d+ /ation1 & la/ly1 an ext]nal organ call$ ! a]ial1 or ant5na1 consi/+ ( a huge sy/em ( wires elevat$ high 9 ! air above all surr\nd+ objects1 ei!r v]tically or slop+1 or p>tly horizontal & p>tly v]tical1 :i* radiates or int]cepts ! electromagnetic waves1 accord+ly z ! /ation is transmitt+ or receiv+4 ,! ant5na is at once bo? ! m\? & ! e> ( ! wireless /ation4 ,its site & arrangem5t w greatly det]m9e ! effici5cy & range ( ! app>atus4 ,! site select$ is pref]ably su* t ! a]ial w n be 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( any tall objects1 su* z trees1 smoke/acks1 telephone wires1 etc41 because su* objects n only absorb an appreciable am\nt ( en]gy :5 ! /ation is transmitt+ messages1 b also noticeably %ield ! a]ial f ! effects ( incom+ signals & limit its range4 ,! nature ( ! gr\nd ov] :i* ! waves mu/ travel also ent]s into ! "q1 & is always consid]$ 9 locat+ a /ation4 ,9 glid+ ov] ! surface ( ! e>?1 ! waves g5]ate weak curr5ts 9 ! e>? itself4 ,if ! gr\nd is v /ony or dry1 ^! e>? curr5ts enc\nt] consid]able resi/ance1 & ! possible di/ance ( transmission ov] soil ( ?is sort is v mu* less ?an if x 7 moi/4 ,moi/ soil & wat] (f] v little resi/ance1 & ! diff]5ce 9 ! results obta9able at ! receiv+ /ation :5 ! waves travel ov] an area ( ?is sort is v m>k$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--;,an amateur a]ial & /ation4 ,a /ation :i* c only s5d #ajj miles ov] l& c s5d messages ?ree or f\r hundr$ miles ov] ! ocean4 ,=e/s ex]t a v decid$ effect ^u ! electric waves4 ,ea* individual tree acts z an ant5na1 rea*+ up into ! air & absorb+ "p ( ! en]gy4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! range ( a /ation dur+ ! summ] mon?s & t ( ! same /ation 9 w9t] is consid]able4 ,9 summ] ! trees are full ( sap &1 be+ mu* bett] conductors ( electricity :5 9 ?is condition1 act 9 ! capacity ( innum]able a]ials ris+ 9 ! air1 & able to absorb appreciable am\nts ( en]gy4 ,dur+ ^! same mon?s ! air becomes highly ioniz$1 9 :i* /ate ! air molecules c>ry an electric *>ge1 & are p>ticul>ly opaque to ! waves4 ,?is condition also usually exi/s 9 ! pres5ce ( sunlight1 ! result be+ t ! mo/ favorable "t = ! wireless transmission ( messages are ! h\rs ar\nd midnight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,! ,army wireless /ation at ,=t ,gibbons1 ,alaska1 %[+ /eel lattice "w ma/ & a]ial sy/em4 ,locality is ano!r factor :i* usually receives a fair %>e ( att5tion 9 select+ ! site4 ,c]ta9 sections ( ! c\ntry1 = seem+ly no app>5t reason1 are v h>d to transmit messages1 ei!r to or f4 ,wireless /ations locat$ on ! ,pacific ,coa/1 = in/ance1 are m effici5t ?an ^? situat$ along ! ,atlantic seabo>d1 :ile ^? 9 ! tropical regions are only able to s5d %ort di/ances 9 comp>ison to ^? f>!r nor? or s\?4 ,messages seem to travel bett] 9 ! direction ( ! l9es ( longitude ?an along ! l9es ( latitude4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,lightn+ dis*>ge ne> ,montclair1 ,n4 ,j4 ,/atic1 t bugbe> ( ! wireless op]ator1 is v mu* m 9 evid5ce 9 ! ea/]n p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 ,s\? ,am]ica ?an x is on ! we/]n coa/ ( ! c\ntry4 ,if any "o %\ld ask a wireless op]ator :at /atic is1 he w\ld probably reply1 a nuisance4 ,9 reality1 x is caus$ by atmosph]ic electricity4 ,:5 atmosph]ic electricity jumps1 x is call$ lightn+4 ,a lightn+ dis*>ge sets up v p[]ful waves 9 ! e!r1 :i* /rike ! a]ial ( ! wireless /ation & produce a peculi> rumbl+1 scrat*+ s\nd 9 ! telephone receiv]s1 & sometimes s]i\sly int]f]e ) a message4 ,9 fact1 x is possible = a wireless op]ator to pr$ict a ?und] %[] by _m h\rs f ! s\nds he is able to he> 9 8 telephone receiv]s4 ,! cause ( lightn+ is ! accumulation ( electric *>ges 9 ! cl\ds4 ,! electricity resides on ! surface ( ! p>ticles ( wat] 9 ! cl\d4 ,^! *>ges gr[ /rong] z ! p>ticles ( wat] coalesce to =m l>g] drops1 because1 z !y unite1 ! surface increases proportionally less ?an ! volume &1 be+ =c$ to lodge on a small] space1 ! electricity becomes m conc5trat$1 s to speak4 ,= ?is reason ! comb9$ *>ge on ! surface ( ! l>g] drop is m int5se ?an 7 ! *>ges on ! sep>ate p>ticles1 & ! pot5tial is increas$4 ,z ! c\ntless multitudes ( drops gr[ l>g] & l>g]1 9 ! process ( =m+ ra91 ! cl\d soon becomes heavily *>g$4 ,?r\gh ! effects ( a ph5om5on call$ induction1 a *>ge ( ! opposite k9d is produc$ on a neighbor+ cl\d or "s object ( ! e>? b5ea?4 ,^! *>ges cont9ually /rive to bur/ across ! int]v5+ air & neutralize ea* o!r4 ,z soon z ! pot5tial becomes suffici5t to break d[n ?is lay] ( air1 a lightn+ /roke f "o to t5 miles long takes place4 ,! heat$ air 9 ! pa? ( ! lightn+ exp&s ) great =ce1 b imm$iately o!r air ru%es 9 to fill ! p>tial vacuum1 ?us produc+ atmosph]ic waves1 :i* impress ! e> z ! s\nd call$ ?und]4 ,wireless /ations belong+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates navy & locat$ on l& are usually h\s$ 9 a small build+ 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ! tall wood5 ma/ :i* supports ! a]ial4 ,comm]cial /ations are usually situat$ on ! top floor ( a high (fice build+1 or a hotel1 & ! a]ials support$ by a /eel lattice-"w t[]4 ,amateurs place a small pole on ! ro( ( ! h\se1 or 9 a tree1 & locate _! /ation 9 any conv5i5t room ne> ! top ( ! h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--,photo ( d\ble lightn+ dis*>ge pass+ to e>? ne> ! ,fir/ ,orange ,m\nta91 ,montclair1 ,n4 ,j4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--,v]tical a]ials ( ! grid1 fan & inv]t$ pyramid types4 ,a]ials are ( num]\s classes & =ms1 b ! mo/ prom95t types c be divid$ into two ma9 gr\ps1 call$ respectively1 ! ,flat-top & v]tical ant5na4 ,! v]tical a]ials are ! old] =m1 & are usually employ$ = long-di/ance "w or ultra-p[]ful /ations4 ,! a]ials int5d$ = transmission f ,europe to ,am]ica1 in/all$ by ,m>coni1 consi/$ ( huge inv]t$ pyramids1 support$ by f\r heavy lattice-"w t[]s1 ov] #bjj feet high4 ,v]tical a]ials also sometimes take ! =m ( an umbrella1 or fan1 :]e only "o support+ pole is available4 ,iron pipe ma/s may be employ$ = ! purpose1 by sett+ on an insulat+ base4 ,! umbrella a]ial is us$ ext5sively 9 ! army & portable sets4 ,! flat-top a]ials are gradually com+ into v ext5d$ use4 ,!y are us$ to ! exclusion ( all o!rs on %ipbo>d4 ,!y ne$ n be s high z a v]tical type a]ial 9 ord] to be z effici5t4 ,flat-top a]ials consi/ ( a v]tical portion & a ne>ly horizontal portion4 ,! horizontal portion is practically useless1 z f> z its "w 9 radiat+ waves is conc]n$1 x be+ us$ = ! purpose ( increas+ ! capacity ( ! a]ial4 ,an increase 9 capacity 9 an a]ial means t m en]gy c be /or$ & radiat$4 ,flat-top a]ials h ! objection1 h[ev]1 ( possess+ a directive action2 t is1 !y receive1 or radiate waves1 bett] 9 "o direction ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,a flat-top a]ial always receives or transmits bett] 9 ! direction t ! ends po9t ?an 9 a direction at "r angles to ! wires4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--;,a diagram %[+ pyramid a]ial4 ,! accompany+ diagram is an illu/ration to %[ ! effects ( ! directive action ( a flat-top a]ial4 ,! black l9es m>k$ ,a ,b1 & appe>+ v mu* l a little grat+1 repres5t an a]ial ( ! inv]t$ ,l type1 look+ d[n on x f above4 ,b is ! free end ( ! a]ial1 & ,a ! clos$ end1 or end to :i* ! wires lead+ d[n to ! /ation are atta*$4 ,if a snap%ot ( ! l9es ( /ra9 produc$ 9 ! e!r z ! waves move away f ! a]ial c\ld be tak51 !y w\ld appe> l ! curv$ l9es 9 ! illu/ration4 ,x c be readily se5 t ^? pass+ outw>d f ! a]ial 9 a direction opposite to t 9 :i* ! free end po9ts are ! /ronge/1 & t ! radiation 9 t direction is ! be/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4-;,a diagram illu/rat+ ! directive action ( a flat-top a]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,a]ials ( ! ,v & inv]t$ ,l types4 ,! ,v a]ial & also ! inv]t$ ,l type bo? receive waves mu* bett] :5 !y come f a direction opposite to t 9 :i* ! free end po9ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--;,a diagram %[+ ! arrangem5t ( a ,t a]ial4 ,probably ! mo/ int]e/+ feature ( ! directive action ( a]ials lies 9 ! fact t a l& /ation is able to det]m9e ! approximate be>+ ( a %ip signal+ ) a horizontal a]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--;,flat top a]ials ( ! inv]t$ ,u & ,t types4 ,x is beyond ! scope ( ! book to ent] into all ( ! eng9e]+ details p]ta9+ to ! in/allation ( a wireless /ation1 b a few rem>ks & in/ructions = ! b5efit ( ^? :o may be int]e/$ 9 ?is phase ( ! subject may be appreciat$4 ,! flat-top ,t a]ial gives ! be/ all ar\nd results4 ,! v]tical & umbrella =ms are close seconds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,umbrella a]ial4 ,= ! v be/ results1 ! top or horizontal portion ( a ,t a]ial %\ld be slightly %ort] ?an ! v]tical section4 ,! umbrella type ( ant5na is v effici5t4 ,in/ead ( a wood5 ma/1 an iron pipe t]m9at+ above 9 a sy/em ( wires1 incl9+ d[nw>d & s]v+ bo? z "p ( ! a]ial & z guys to support ! pole1 is (t5 us$4 ,! bottom ( ! pole is plac$ on an insulat+ base1 protect$ f ! ra9 by a small %elt]4 ,! wires are insulat$ ne> ! l[] ends by /ra9-insulators4 ,! action ( ! wires is to s]ve z a capacity ext5sion to ! a]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--;,an amateur a]ial 7flat-top74 ,v]tical a]ials are n z effici5t z ei!r ( ^? =ms j m5tion$4 ,!y require to be #ej p] c5t4 high] ?an a flat-top a]ial1 9 ord] to be ( ! same value4 ,! ,l & ,v types are some:at directional4 ,!y are us$ :]e ! highe/ po9t mu/ be ne> ! /ation1 ) a l[] po9t "s di/ance away4 ,x is possible to secure excell5t results ) ei!r type4 ,! t]ms /raightaway & loop d5ote ! me?od ( connect+ ! a]ial wires4 ,9 ! fir/ =m ! upp] or free ends ( ! wires t]m9ate at ! insulators4 ,9 ! loop =m !y are all connect$ toge!r1 & divid$ into two sections1 ea* ( :i* is l$ sep>ately into ! op]at+ room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--;,diagram %[+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 loop & /raightaway a]ials4 ,! /raightaway a]ial is ! mo/ effici5t 9 mo/ cases1 b :]ev] great height _c be obta9$1 or ! a]ial is necess>ily %ort1 ! loop a]ial w give ! be/ results4 ,b>e copp] wire is ! be/1 & is g5]ally us$ = a]ials4 ,:]ev] ! /ret* is #ajj feet or ov]1 h[ev]1 s t ! wires are subject$ to consid]able /ra9 f _! own weight1 phosphor bronze is us$ because ( its great] t5sile /r5g?4 ,comm]cial & navy /ations employ /r&$ wire4 ,high frequ5cy curr5ts h ! peculi> prop]ty ( travel+ ne> ! surface ( wires & conductors4 ,!y d n p]meate to ! c5t] ( ! wire1 z d normal curr5ts4 ,! surface ( a /r&$ wire is great] 9 comp>ison to its cross-section ?an a solid conductor ( ! same diamet]1 & !re=e is (t5 employ$ because x (f]s less resi/ance to curr5ts ( ?is sort4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--,%[+ h[ wires are arrang$ & insulat$4 ,alum9um wire is v light1 & causes v little /ra9 on ! pole or cross-arms4 ,x (f]s m resi/ance ?an copp]1 b "s ( ! l>g] sizes may be us$ ) equally good results4 ,iron wire mu/ nev] be us$1 ev5 if galvaniz$ or t9n$4 ,x possesses a c]ta9 reactance t5d+ to *oke (f ! high frequ5cy curr5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--;,a]ial insulator4 ,! a]ial is always v c>efully insulat$ f its supports & surr\nd+ objects by special insulators1 capable ( )/&+ sev]e /ra9s1 made ( a m\ld$ mat]ial hav+ an iron r+ imb$d$ 9 ea* end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--,lead+-9 insulator4 ,! wires lead+ f ! a]ial to ! op]at+ room are call$ ! rat-tail1 or lead-94 ,!y mu/ be v c>efully insulat$ by lead+ ?r\gh a bu%+ plac$ 9 ! wall or w9d[ ( ! op]at+ room4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important factors 9 a wireless /ation is ! prop] e>?+ arrangem5t4 ,! usual me?od is to use l>ge copp] plates buri$ 9 moi/ e>?1 or ?r[n 9 ! sea4 ,on %ipbo>d x is m]ely necess>y to connect ! e>? wire to ! metallic plates ( :i* ! hull ( ! vessel is built4 ,amateurs employ ! wat] or gas pipes 9 ! h\se1 ! =m] be+ pref]r$4 ,connections are e/abli%$ by means ( a gr\nd clamp4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 :]e wat]-pipes are n available1 ! be/ way is to bury a %eet ( copp] ?ree or f\r feet deep 9 moi/ e>?4 ,a v effici5t e>? c be =m$ by spread+ a l>ge area ( *ick5 wire nett+ ov] ! gr\nd4 ,?is me?od is ! be/ :]e ! e>? is v dry or s&y1 & no o!r way is readily conv5i5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--;,a side view ( ! a]ial %[n 9 ,fig4 #bb4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,transmitt+ ,,app>atus4 ,! pr9cipal in/rum5ts compos+ ! app>atus us$ = s5d+ ! wireless messages comprise an induction coil1 or 9 its place a trans=m]1 a key1 a sp>k gap1 a cond5s]1 & a helix4 ,! curr5t supply available w det]m9e ! type ( ! in/rum5ts1 & :e!r an induction coil or a trans=m] is us$4 ,unless curr5t ma9s = light & p[] are already in/all$1 x mu/ be g5]at$ by an eng9e & dynamo1 or rec\rse _h to batt]ies4 ,induction coils may be op]at$ on ei!r direct or alt]nat+ curr5t4 ,dry cells are mo/ commonly employ$ to furni% ! curr5t = small induction coils1 b a /orage or "s =m ( r5ewable prim>y cell1 su* z ! ,full] & ,edison1 is necess>y if ! coil is a l>ge "o4 ,:5 dry cells are us$1 !y %\ld be connect$ 9 s]ies multiple1 z %[n 9 ! accompany+ diagram4 ,?is me?od ( connect+ di/ributes ! load1 & consid]ably l5g!ns ! life ( ! batt]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--;,diagram %[+ h[ batt]ies may be arrang$ 9 s]ies or s]ies multiple4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4--,! p[] plant ( a ,m>coni transatlantic /ation1 %[+ eng9e & g5]ator4 ,:5 ! s\rce ( curr5t supply is alt]nat+1 an induction coil may be op]at$ z a trans=m]4 ,bo? induction coils & trans=m]s are in/rum5ts = rais+ ! voltage ( ! ord9>y available curr5t f a comp>atively l[ value1 #f-bbj volts1 to a quantity 7#ae1jjj-bj1jjj volts71 :]e x c prop]ly *>ge ! a]ial & create a /ate ( /ra91 or1 z x is call$ 9 te*nical p>lance1 an electro-/atic field4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--;,if a magnet is sudd5ly plung$ into a holl[ coil ( wire a mom5t>y electric curr5t w be induc$ 9 ! coil4 ,bo? ! induction coil & trans=m] dep5d = _! op]ation ^u ! pr9ciples ( magnetic induction4 ,9 #ahca1 ,mi*ael ,f>aday1 a fam\s ,engli% *emi/ & physici/1 discov]$ t if a magnet be sudd5ly plung$ into a holl[ coil ( wire1 t a mom5t>y curr5t ( electricity is g5]at$ 9 ! coil4 ,z long z ! magnet rema9s motionless1 x induces no curr5t 9 ! coil1 b :5 x is mov$ back & =?1 x sets up ! curr5ts4 ,! s\rce ( electrical en]gy is ! me*anical "w done 9 mov+ ! magnet4 ,! m$ium :i* *anges ! me*anical en]gy into electricity is call$ ! magnetic field4 ,! magnetic field is a peculi> /ate or condition ( ! space 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( a magnet4 ,its real nature is v h>d to expla9 & n easily und]/ood4 ,suffice x to say1 h[ev]1 t ! curr5t is induc$ 9 ! coil ( wire only :5 ! magnetic field is *ang+1 ei!r decreas+ or increas+4 ,! *ange is produc$ by mov+ ! magnet because its influ5ce on ! coil w be great or small accord+ly z x is ne> or f>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--,magnetic phantom =m$ by b> magnet4 ,x is possible to %[ ! exi/5ce ( ! magnetic field by plac+ a %eet ( glass ov] a b> magnet & !n spr9kl+ iron fil+s on ! glass4 ,!y w settle d[n 9 curv+ l9es z 9 ,fig4 #ca1 =m+ a magnetic phantom4 ,! curv$ l9es =m$ by ! fil+s repres5t ! direction ( ! l9es ( =ce :i* make up ! magnetic field4 ,if we %\ld exam9e ! space 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( a coil ( wire c>ry+ a curr5t ( electricity x w\ld be f\nd t a simil> /ate ( affairs exi/$ !re & t ! coil also possess$ a magnetic field compos$ ( l9es ( =ce fl[+ ar\nd x4 ,?is is readily %[n by pun*+ a small hole 9 a piece ( c>dbo>d & pass+ a wire c>ry+ a curr5t ( electricity ?r\gh ! hole4 ,if iron fil+s are spr9kl$ on ! c>dbo>d1 !y w arrange !mselves 9 circles ar\nd ! wires1 =m+ a magnetic phantom & %[+ t a coil ( wire c>ry+ a curr5t ( electricity g5]ates a magnetic field 9 its vic9ity4 ,by =m+ ! wire into a coil ! magnetic field g5]at$ is mu* /rong]1 = ! !n comb9$ effect ( ! wires is secur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--,magnetic phantom =m$ by wire c>ry+ curr5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--,magnetic phantom =m$ by coil ( wire c>ry+ curr5t4 ,! induction coil & trans=m] are simply in/rum5ts utiliz+ ! pr9ciple t a coil ( wire c>ry+ a curr5t possesses a magnetic field :i* w induce a curr5t ( electricity 9 ano!r neighbor+ coil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--;,diagram ( an induction coil4 ,! induction coil consi/s ess5tially ( a prim>y w9d+ ( heavy wire w\nd ar\nd a s(t iron core & surr\nd$ by a second>y coil consi/+ ( _m ?\s& turns ( f9e wire1 c>efully insulat$4 ,! curr5t f a batt]y is s5t ?r\gh ! prim>y coil & sets up a magnetic field4 ,! magnetic field induces a curr5t 9 ! second>y ^: voltage is approximately proportional to ! ratio ( ! turns ( ! second>y to ! prim>y4 ,?us1 if ! second>y conta9s "o hundr$ times z _m turns ( wire z ! prim>y ! induc$ voltage w be "o hundr$ times ! voltage ( ! orig9al prim>y curr5t4 ,! purpose ( ! iron core is to conc5trate ! magnetic field & make ! coil m effici5t4 ,s9ce curr5ts are only induc$ 9 ! second>y :5 ! magnetic field is *ang+1 an automatic device call$ an int]rupt] or sometimes a vibrator1 is employ$ to rapidly turn ! curr5t fl[+ ?r\gh ! prim>y on & (f4 ,! int]rupt] consi/s ( a spr+ c>ry+ a plat9um po9t aga9/ :i* presses a second piece ( plat9um on ! end ( an adju/able ?umbscrew4 ,plat9um is necess>y because ! curr5t ( electricity w\ld quickly oxidize & burn up any o!r mat]ial4 ,! int]rupt] spr+ is plac$ ne> ! end ( ! core s t ! magnetism ( ! latt] w draw x =w>d away f ! ?umbscrew & int]rupt ! curr5t4 ,z soon z ! curr5t ceases to fl[ ! core loses its magnetism & ! spr+ returns to its =m] position repeat+ ! cycle v rapidly a l>ge numb] ( times p] second4 ,! int]rupt] is fitt$ ) a cond5s] %unt$ across its t]m9als to /op sp>k+ at ! plat9um po9ts & also to make ! curr5ts 9 ! second>y m int5se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--;,induction coil = wireless telegraph purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4--;,induction coil1 prim>y & second>y4 ,! voltage ( ! curr5ts 9 ! second>y is high en\gh to leap across an air gap 9 a torr5t ( sp>ks4 ,! sp>k ( an induction coil int5d$ = wireless "w %\ld be ?ick & heavy4 ,x %\ld be suffici5tly hot & flam+ to ignite a piece ( pap]4 ,a rapid vibrator giv+ a high pit*$ sp>k is bett] ?an a sl[ "o n only because x causes a m int5se & p[]ful sp>k b because ! human e> is ! mo/ s5sitive to high pit*$ s\nds & su* a sp>k is m easily read at ! receiv+ /ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4--;,int]rupt] = induction coil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4--;,electrolytic int]rupt]4 ,:5 ! coil is a v l>ge "o & op]at$ on ! #aaj volt curr5t an electrolytic int]rupt] is sub/itut$ = ! me*anical type4 ,"o pole ( ! curr5t is connect$ to a lead plate plac$ 9 a j> conta9+ a mixture ( sulphuric acid & wat]4 ,! o!r side ( ! curr5t is connect$ to a plat9um wire plac$ 9 a porcela9 tube s t only a small "p ( ! l[] end is 9 contact ) ! solution4 ,:5 ! curr5t passes a bubble =ms at ! end ( ! wire %ield+ x f ! liquid1 & ?us int]rupt+ ! curr5t4 ,! bubble is almo/ imm$iately dis*>g$ h[ev] & ! curr5t all[$ to fl[ an in/ant be=e a new "o =ms4 ,?is op]ation is repeat$ cont9u\sly at a frequ5cy sometimes z high z a ?\s& p] second4 ,an electrolytic int]rupt] is bo? an exp5sive & a tr\blesome device4 ,!re are o!r types ( int]rupt]s ( value 9 wireless s]vice b ! limitations ( space prohibit any acc\nt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4--,op5 & clos$ core trans=m]s4 ,! trans=m] is ackn[l$g$ to be ! be/ practice z a means ( /epp+ up ! voltage ( a circuit = wireless telegraph purposes4 ,alt]nat+ curr5t is necess>y to op]ate a trans=m]4 ,!re are two di/9ct types ( trans=m]s kn[n z ! op5 & clos$ core accord+ly z ! %ape ( ! latt] is /raight l t ( an induction coil or 9 ! =m ( a holl[ rectangle4 ,! clos$ core trans=m] consi/s ( two coils ( insulat$ wire1 =m+ a prim>y & a second>y1 w\nd ^u a rectangul> core l t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ci;,b4 ,! core is built up ( %eets ( iron call$ lam9ations1 to r$uce ! heat+ & increase ! effici5cy ( ! ma*9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4--,l9es repres5t+ direct & int]mitt5t direct curr5ts4 ,z not$ above curr5ts are only induc$ 9 a coil :5 ! magnetic field is *ang+4 ,! int]rupt] is employ$ to rapidly make & break ! circuit4 ,e "t t ! circuit is made ! prim>y coil creates a field & e "t x is brok5 x is de/roy$4 ,a direct curr5t is a curr5t :i* passes 9 "o direction only4 ,x may be repres5t$ by a /raight l9e z ,a 9 ,fig4 #dj4 ,its voltage is usually v con/ant & does n v>y greatly4 ,9 ! case ( electric light+ circuits ! normal voltage is usually #aaj4 ,if an int]rupt] is includ$ 9 ! circuit ! curr5t may be repres5t$ by a brok5 l9e1 ! spaces correspond+ to ! p]iods :5 ! curr5t is brok5 & ! l9es to ! p]iods x is fl[+4 ,! int]rupt] creates an int]mitt5t direct curr5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4--;,diagram repres5t+ alt]nat+ curr5t4 ,an alt]nat+ curr5t is "o :i* rev]ses its direction & passes fir/ "o way & !n ! o!r4 ,x may be repres5t$ by ! curv$ l9e %[n 9 ,fig4 #da4 ,x />ts at z]o & rises to a maximum1 gradually dy+ away to z]o1 !n passes 9 ! opposite direction1 ris+ to a maximum & dy+ away aga94 ,?is is repeat$ a def9ite numb] ( times p] second2 :5 ! curr5t rises f z]o1 rev]ses & returns to z]o x is said to h pass$ ?r\gh a cycle4 ,f a to c repres5ts a cycle--f a to b is an alt]nation4 ,! usual frequ5cy ( comm]cial alt]nat+ curr5ts is #fj cycles or #gbjj alt]nations p] m9ute4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--;,high pot5tial ,humm+ trans=m]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--;,high pot5tial clos$ core trans=m] = wireless "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4--,leyd5 j> set = oil imm]sion to prev5t losses f bru% dis*>ges4 ,f ^! facts we may readily see :y ! tr\blesome int]rupt] may be elim9at$ :5 alt]nat+ curr5t is us$4 ,e "t t ! curr5t rises & falls ! magnetic field *anges4 ,consid]able c>e mu/ be us$ 9 proportion+ ! w9d+s s t !y possess suffici5t reactance4 ,reactance is ! t5d5cy ( a coil to resi/ ! fl[ ( an alt]nat+ curr5t4 ,a reactance coil is sometimes plac$ 9 circuit ) an op5 core trans=m] to prev5t ! sp>k f arc+4 ,arc+ is ! t5d5cy ( ! sp>k to pass across ! gap )\t *>g+ ! cond5s] & creat+ any high frequ5cy oscillations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4--,oil imm]s$ cond5s] ,! cond5s]1 x w be rememb]$ is ! means ( /or+ up ! en]gy1 :i* sudd5ly ru%+ across ! sp>k gap1 produces ! oscillations necess>y to g5]ate ! electric waves4 ,a batt]y ( leyd5 j>s may be us$ z a transmitt+ cond5s] 9 connection ) small induction coils4 ,_! objection 9 l>ge /ations is t !y are v cumb]some & "s en]gy is lo/ by ! bru% dis*>ges ar\nd ! tops ( ! j>s4 ,! usual =m ( cond5s] consi/s ( alt]nate %eets ( t9foil & glass plates arrang$ 9 a pile4 ,! alt]nate %eets ( t9foil are connect$ toge!r to =m ! t]m9als ( ! in/rum5t4 ,! cond5s] is usually encas$ 9 a wood5 box p\r$ full ( wax or oil to increase ! insulation & effici5cy4 ,cond5s]s are arrang$ 9 units s t any desir$ capacity may be readily secur$ by add+ ! prop] numb] ( units4 ,! capacity ( a cond5s] is its relative ability to receive & reta9 an electrical *>ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4--;,diagram %[+ con/ruction ( cond5s]4 ,! helix is an in/rum5t consi/+ ( copp] or brass wire w\nd ar\nd a frame ( h>d rubb] or season$ wood4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( inductance is necess>y 9 a wireless telegraph circuit 9 ord] to develop high frequ5cy oscillations4 ,inductance is ! prop]ty ( an electric circuit by virtue ( :i* l9es ( =ce are develop$ ar\nd x4 ,! helix furni%es ! inductance 9 ! circuit or at lea/ ! great] "p4 ,connections are e/abli%$ to ! turns ( ! helix by means ( clips :i* snap on & (f ! wires4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4--,tubul> cond5s]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4--;,helix4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4--;,close c\pl$ helix4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4--,sp>k gap4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4--;,circuit %[+ tun$ transmitt+ sy/em employ+ close c\pl$ helix4 ,! sp>k gap is ! m$ium = dis*>g+ ! a]ial & cond5s] & sett+ up ! oscillations4 ,x usually consi/s ( a pair ( electrodes support$ by suitable /&>ds & s arrang$ t ! di/ance betwe5 ! electrodes c be accurately adju/$4 ,! electrodes usually take ! =m ( holl[ fac$ cyl9drical rods hav+ flanges to radiate ! heat g5]at$ & prev5t ! sp>k f arc+4 ,v>i\s metals are us$ = sp>k gaps4 ,silv] is probably ! be/ b its exp5se is prohibitive4 ,a special h>d z9c alloy is mo/ g5]ally us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4--,photo ( sp>k gap4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--,qu5*$ sp>k gap4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4--;,diagram ( a]ial swit*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4--,photo ( a]ial swit*4 ,sp>k gaps take o!r =ms1 two ( :i* are int]e/+ & important en\gh to describe "h4 ,! fir/ is ! rot>y gap4 ,?is consi/s ( a numb] ( small electrodes set ar\nd ! p]iph]y ( a :eel m\nt$ ^u ! %aft ( an electric motor4 ,two o!r adju/able electrodes are s m\nt$ t ! small electrodes on ! revolv+ memb] pass betwe54 ,:5 ! motor is set 9 op]ation ! :eel revolves at a high rate ( spe$ int]rupt+ ! sp>k & caus+ a peculi> musical pit* to be emitt$4 ,a rot>y sp>k gap almo/ entirely elim9ates ! arc+ ( ! sp>k4 ,! qu5*$ gap consi/s ( a numb] ( disks ( brass ab\t five in*es 9 diamet] hav+ ?9 mica wa%]s set betwe5 & arrang$ 9 a pile z 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! qu5*$ gap radiates consid]ably m en]gy ?an any o!r =m ( gap & also has ! advantage ( be+ practically noiseless4 ,! cra%+ dis*>ge ( an ord9>y gap produces a v disagreeable p5etrat+ noise h>d to elim9ate4 ,9 mo/ comm]cial /ations ! sp>k is muffl$ to a c]ta9 ext5t by enclos+ x 9 a cyl9d] ( micanite or "s o!r insulat+ sub/ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--;,an*or gap4 ,! a]ial swit* is necess>y = quickly connect+ ! a]ial & gr\nd to ei!r ! transmitt+ or receiv+ app>atus4 ,amateurs v (t5 employ a small d\ble pole d\ble ?r[ swit*4 ,! swit* us$ 9 comm]cial /ations is built 9 ! mann] %[n 9 ,fig4 #ee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4--,wireless key4 ,an an*or gap is a simple little device consi/+ ( a h>d rubb] r+ be>+ two or ?ree small electrodes or sp>k+ po9ts4 ,x is a necess>y "p ( ! transmitt+ app>atus :]ev] a loop a]ial is us$4 ,"o electrode is connect$ to ! transmitt+ app>atus & ! o!r two to ! opposite sides ( ! a]ial s t ! curr5ts divide betwe5 ! two halves & equalize4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4--,photo ( wireless key4 ,! key is a h& op]at$ swit* :i* controls ! electric curr5ts pass+ ?r\gh ! trans=m] or coil %utt+ !m on or (f at w & s controll+ ! electric oscillations 9 ! ant5na to s5d out %ort or long tra9s ( e!r waves 9 accordance ) ! dot or da% signals ( ! ,morse alphabet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4--,key & a]ial swit*4 ,! key us$ 9 a wireless /ation is necess>ily mu* l>g] & heavi] ?an ^? employ$ 9 ord9>y ,morse l9e "w1 9 ord] to c>ry ! heavy curr5ts us$ by ! transmitt]4 ,9 spite ( _! size & weight1 h[ev]1 su* keys :5 prop]ly design$ may be h&l$ ) p]fect ease4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,receiv+ ,,app>atus4 ,! receiv+ in/rum5ts =m ! mo/ int]e/+ & +5i\s "p ( a wireless /ation4 ,!y are ! e>s ( ! wireless /ation4 ,!y are wondr\sly s5sitive b yet simple & incapable ( mu* complication4 ,! receiv+ /ation =ms an exact c\nt]p>t ( ! transmitt]1 & ! tra9 ( actions tak+ place are ! rev]se ( ^? ( ! latt]4 ,! purpose ( ! transmitt] is to *ange ord9>y electric curr5ts into electrical oscillations & ?us set up electric waves1 :ile ! receptor conv]ts ! waves into oscillations & !nce into curr5ts :i* are capable ( manife/+ !mselves 9 a telephone receiv]4 ,! in/rum5ts necess>y = receiv+ comprise a ,detector ,telephone ,receiv]s ,fix$ ,cond5s] ,tun+ ,device ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4--,portable receiv+ set & case4 ,o!r in/rum5ts su* z a pot5tiomet]1 te/ buzz]s1 v>iomet]s1 v>iable cond5s]s1 etc41 complete ! outfit & improve its selectivity & s5sitiv5ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4--;,complete receiv+ outfit4 ,! detector =ms ! mo/ vital "p ( ! receptor4 ,9 expla9+ its action x may be well to recall & enl>ge ^u ! description already set =? on page #aa1 :]e x 0 expla9$ t electromagnetic or z !y are m commonly call$ :5 id5tifi$ ) wireless telegraphy1 ,h]tzian waves h ! p[] ( excit+ oscillations 9 any conductor ^u :i* !y imp+e4 ,electrical oscillations1 x w be rememb]$1 are alt]nat+ curr5ts ( v high frequ5cy4 ,!y are g5]at$ 9 ! a]ial ( ! receiv+ /ation by ! action ( ! waves com+ f ! di/ant transmitt+ /ation4 ,^! curr5ts are exce$+ly feeble1 too feeble 9 fact to op]ate any =m ( electrical app>atus except a telephone receiv]1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ s5sitive in/rum5ts 9 exi/5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4--,portable pack set4 ,! receiv+ outfit is conta9$ 9 ! left h& case2 also ! key & int]rupt]4 ,! tubul> cond5s]1 sp>k gap1 & induction coil may be se5 9 ! "r h& case4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4--;,complete receiv+ set1 consi/+ ( two ,p]ikon detectors1 pot5tiomet]1 loose c\pl]1 v>iable cond5s]1 etc4 ,!re are probably m diff]5t =ms ( detector ?an any o!r piece ( radiotelegraph app>atus4 ,^? 9 mo/ common use to-day are ! m9]al detectors4 ,a small cry/al ( c]ta9 m9]als1 iron pyrites1 silicon1 gal5a1 etc41 is plac$ betwe5 two contact po9ts :i* are adju/able s t ! pressure may be regulat$ & ! mo/ s5sitive portion ( ! m9]al select$4 ,a telephone receiv] is %unt$ across ! t]m9als ( ! detector4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4--,%[+ con/ruction ( a wat* case telephone receiv]4 ,a telephone is %[n 9 diagram 9 ,fig4 #fd4 ,x consi/s ( a ,u %ap$ p]man5t magnet ( b> /eel1 s m\nt$ z to ex]t a pol>iz+ influ5ce ^u a pair ( little electromagnets1 be=e ! poles ( :i* an iron diaphragm is m\nt$4 ,= conv5i5ce ^! elem5ts are assembl$ )9 a small cyl9drical cas+ usually ( h>d rubb]4 ,! p]man5t magnet ex]ts a cont9ual pull ^u ! diaphragm t5d+ to di/ort x1 concave inw>ds4 ,:5 alt]nat+ curr5ts are s5t ?r\gh ! receiv] coils1 t "p ( ! alt]nation :i* is fl[+ 9 ! prop] direction to =m a magnetic field fl[+ 9 ! same direction z t ( ! p]man5t magnet w /r5g!n ! latt] & assi/ x 9 attract+ ! diaphragm & caus+ x to fur!r approa* ! magnet4 ,t portion ( ! curr5t fl[+ 9 ! opposite direction detracts f ! magnetic pull & all[s ! diaphragm to rec$e f ! magnet4 ,! diaphragm ?us takes up a vibrat+ motion correspond+ to ! electrical waves suppli$ to ! coil & x imp>ts motion to ! surr\nd+ air1 ! result be+ s\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4--,pick>d adju/able telephone receiv]s = wireless purposes4 ,x might reasonably be ask$ :y a telephone receiv] c\ld n be directly connect$ to ! a]ial & gr\nd s t x w\ld respond directly to ! high frequ5cy curr5ts g5]at$ by ! incom+ waves )\t ! m$ium ( a detector4 ,!re are two v good reasons :y su* a me?od w\ld n be possible1 ! fir/ be+ t ! little magnet coils conta9$ 9 ! telephone receiv]s ex]t a *ok+ action ^u alt]nat+ curr5ts ( high frequ5cy :i* effectually blocks _! passage4 ,l[ frequ5cy alt]nat+ curr5ts1 int]mitt5t direct curr5ts & cont9u\s direct curr5ts w readily pass1 produc+ a s\nd-ea* "t !re is any *ange 9 _! value4 ,! purpose & action ( mo/ types ( detectors is to act z a valve all[+ ! curr5t to pass ?r\gh 9 "o direction b n p]mitt+ x to pass 9 an opposite "o4 ,! high frequ5cy oscillat+ curr5ts may be repres5t$ by a curv$ l9e cross+ & recross+ a z]o l9e & gradually decreas+ 9 amplitude z %[n by ,a 9 ,fig4 #ff4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4--;,illu/rat+ ! valve action ( a rectify+ detector4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4--;,a new type ( silicon detector 9 :i* a cry/al ( ars5ic may be br\ght to be> aga9/ ! surface ( "o ( sev]al silicon cry/als4 ,! detector1 act+ z a valve1 elim9ates "o half ( ! alt]nat+ curr5t s t ! result may be repres5t$ by ,b1 9 reality a pulsat+ direct curr5t :i* rises & falls b is able to fl[ ?r\gh ! telephone receiv] & produce a motion ( ! diaphragm ) consequ5t s\nd waves audible to ! e>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4--;,diagram draw+ analogy betwe5 rectify+ action ( a detector & a pump4 ,! accompany+ sket*es & ! foll[+ analogy drawn betwe5 ! electric curr5ts & ! fl[ ( a /ream ( wat] may s]ve to r5d] a bett] conception ( h[ x is possible = ! valve action ( a detector to rectify an alt]nat+ fl[1 cont9u\sly rev]s+ its direction to an int]mitt5t curr5t pass+ 9 "o direction only4 ,! illu/ration %[s two pumps ,a & ,b4 ,ea* pump is imm]s$ 9 a pool ( wat] & consi/s ( a cyl9drical tube ,t & ,t' hav+ a small op5+1 ,o & ,o'1 at ! l[] end to admit ! wat] & a pi/on1 ,p & ,p'1 op]at+ up & d[n inside ! tube4 ,e "t t ! pi/on ,p is rais$ 9 ! pump ,a x w draw 9 wat] ?r\gh ! small hole ,o4 ,z soon z x desc5ds1 h[ev]1 ! wat] w rev]se its direction & pass out4 ,! action ( ! wat] repres5ts t ( an alt]nat+ curr5t because x passes 9 fir/ "o direction & !n 9 ! o!r4 ,! pump ,b is fitt$ ) a valve ^: action is to p]mit ! wat] to fl[ 9 "o direction only4 ,! valve is fitt$ to ! pi/on ,p'4 ,x is a little flap :i* op5s a hole 9 ! pi/on :5 ! latt] is desc5d+ & closes :5 x is ris+4 ,suppose t ! pi/on is rais$4 ,wat] w be drawn 9 ?r\gh ! little hole ,o'4 ,z soon z ! pi/on rea*es ! limit ( ! /roke x comm5ces to desc5d4 ,9 fall+ x ex]ts a slight pressure on ! valve :i* op5s & all[s ! wat] to pass ?r\gh4 ,! hole 9 ! pi/on is l>g] ?an ! hole 9 ! pump & s !re is almo/ none ( ! wat] =c$ back into ! pool4 ,! next up /roke ( ! pi/on draws m wat] 91 t :i* is on top fl[+ out ?r\gh ! ov]fl[4 ,! nature ( ! /ream pass+ ?r\gh ! hole ,o' is int]mitt5t1 pass+ pr9cipally 9 "o direction4 ,x may be lik5$ to ! int]mitt5t direct curr5t produc$ by ! detector4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4--,pyron detector 9 :i* a f9e wire is br\ght to be> aga9/ a cry/al ( iron pyrites4 ,"s ( ! _m =ms ( detectors are int]e/+ because ( ! +5i\s mann] 9 :i* equival5t results are atta9$4 ,! illu/ration %[s a type ( detector kn[n z ! ,p]ikon4 ,two m9]als1 z9cite 7oxide ( z9c7 & *alcopyrites 7copp]-iron sulphide71 are m\nt$ 9 adju/able cups s arrang$ t ! surfaces ( ! m9]als c be br\ght into v>iable contact ) "o ano!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4--,p]ikon detector4 ,ano!r v good rectify+ detector is t consi/+ ( a flat surface ( highly poli%$ silicon m\nt$ 9 a small cup4 ,a flat brass po9t m\nt$ on ! end ( an adju/able ?umbscrew is br\ght to be> on ! silicon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4--,silicon detector4 ,o!r m9]al detectors ( value are ! ,pyron1 molyb5ite & gal5a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4--;,electrolytic detector4 ,! c>borundum detector is a =m ( cry/al rectifi] consi/+ ( a fragm5t ( c>borundum held betwe5 two c>bon blocks4 ,! electrolytic detector consi/s ( a v f9e plat9um wire 74#jja-4jjjc ( an in* 9 diamet]7 dipp+ into a small cup ( dilute nitric acid4 ,a l>ge plat9um electrode is seal$ 9 ! bottom ( ! cup s z to make an electrical connection ) ! liquid4 ,?is =m ( detector is exce$+ly s5sitive1 probably m s ?an any o!r4 ,! electrolytic detector requires a batt]y4 ,:5 a slight curr5t passes ?r\gh ! circuit1 v m9ute bubbles are =m$ at ! wire1 insulat+ x f ! liquid & ?us %utt+ (f ! batt]y curr5t f ! telephone receiv]s4 ,h[ev]1 ^u ! arrival ( any electric waves & consequ5t high frequ5cy oscillations ! latt] de/roy ! bubbles clu/]+ ar\nd ! little wire & p]mit ! curr5t to fl[4 ,^u ! cessation ( ! high frequ5cy curr5ts ! bubbles imm$iately =m aga91 only to become brok5 d[n by ea* tra9 ( oscillations produc$ 9 ! a]ial4 ,! int]mitt5t curr5ts c be detect$ by a buzz 9 ! telephone receiv]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4--;,electrolytic detector 9 circuit4 ,! c>borundum detector also requires a batt]y al?\gh its action is some:at diff]5t f t j describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4--,pot5tiomet]4 ,:5 a batt]y is us$ 9 connection ) a detector1 an in/rum5t kn[n z a pot5tiomet] becomes necess>y4 ,a pot5tiomet] is simply a device = accurately adju/+ ! voltage ( a batt]y to a value :]e x w r5d] ! detector ! mo/ responsive to ! incom+ signals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4--;,diagram %[+ h[ pot5tiomet] is connect$ 9 circuit4 ,! ,tun+ ,coil is a device = accurately adju/+ ! oscillation circuits to receive ! waves4 ,its action may be illu/rat$ to a c]ta9 ext5t by press+ d[n ! l\d p$al ( a piano & at ! same "t :i/l+ a note l\dly & cle>ly4 ,li/5 c>efully & "s ( ! wires 9 ! piano w be he>d s\nd+ ! note :i/l$4 ,at ea* vibration ( ! note ( ! :i/le a wave ( pressure w5t =? f ! lips & rea*+ ! wires gave !m all a t9y impulse4 ,! impulses foll[$ ea* o!r rapidly at def9ite int]vals giv+ ea* ( ! wires ! same pu% ea* "t4 ,! wires :i* are tun$ to produce ! note on ! piano correspond+ to t ( ! :i/le w vibrate en]getically en\gh to produce a s\nd !mselves4 ,!y are ! wires to :i* ! impulses are rightly tun$ s t ea* "o adds to ! motion x has already acquir$4 ,we all "k h[ a *ild sitt+ 9 a sw+ may be made to sw+ back & =? by giv+ a succession ( little impulses prop]ly tim$4 ,! small pu%es are sup]impos$ on "o ano!r1 ! result be+ a s+le l>ge motion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4--;,analogy betwe5 sw++ & tun+4 ,! impulses g5]at$ 9 ! receiv+ a]ial are exce$+ly weak & 9 ord] to produce an effect mu/ be tim$ s z to foll[ "o ano!r 9 prop] succession4 ,tun+ devices are = ?is purpose & by _! means ! receiv+ circuits & in/rum5ts may be c>efully adju/$ to ! same wave l5g? or note z ! transmitt] s t ! high frequ5cy curr5ts 9 ! a]ial w arrive at ! prop] "t to oscillate or surge back & =? to produce ! maximum results4 ,9 ?is way x is possible to convey intellig5ce ov] long di/ances by ! repetition ( small impulses )\t x be+ necess>y to s5d any v en]getic ones4 ,by arrang+ ! /ations s t ea* "o emits its own def9ite wave diff]5t 9 p]iod or l5g? f t ( ! o!rs x is possible to op]ate sev]al /ations at ! same "t 9 ! same neighborhood )\t int]f]+ ) "o ano!r4 ,! app>atus is !n said to be selective because ! in/rum5ts c be adju/$ 9 a few seconds to receive f any desir$ /ation & to exclude o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4--,receiv+ a message 9 a ,m>coni transatlantic /ation4 ,! tun+ coil consi/s ( a cyl9d] w\nd ) b>e copp] wire spac$ s t ! turns d n t\* "o ano!r4 ,v>iable contacts call$ slid]s are s arrang$ t connection c be made almo/ in/antly to any desirable turn ( wire4 ,! tun+ coil is connect$ to ! a]ial & receiv+ app>atus 9 ! mann] illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #gi4 ,by mov+ ! slid]s back & =? ! wave l5g? ( ! sy/em may be add$ to or detract$ f & any desir$ tune quickly rea*$ s t x is possible to li/5 to any /ation desirable & exclude ! o!rs4 ,! cyl9d] ov] :i* ! wire is w\nd usually consi/s ( a ?ick c>dbo>d tube treat$ s z to be moi/ure pro(4 ,b>e wire is pref]able to all =ms ( insulat$ wire4 ,! coil is usually ?ree to f\r in*es 9 diamet] & eight to twelve in*es long4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh4--,tun+ coil ( ! d\ble slide type4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi4--;,diagram %[+ fix$ cond5s] 9 circuit4 ,tun+ coils are kn[n z s+le slide1 d\ble slide & ?ree slide accord+ to ! numb] ( contacts !y are fitt$ )4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4--;,fix$ cond5s]4 ,! load+ coil is a supplem5t>y tun+ coil us$ to furni% extra inductance 9 case x is desirable to obta9 a great] range ( resonance or tun+4 ,x is m]ely a s+le slide tun+ coil connect$ 9 s]ies ) ! regul> tun+ device4 ,x is n always a necessity b is (t5 "p ( ! equipm5t :5 x may be necess>y to adju/ ! app>atus to receive long wave l5g?s4 ,cond5s]s are devices = collect+ & /or+ electricity4 ,!y play a v important "p 9 bo? ! transmitt+ & receiv+ op]ations4 ,cond5s]s & ,leyd5 j>s h already be5 describ$ 9 connection ) ! transmitt+ app>atus4 ,! cond5s]s us$ 9 receiv+ are v mu* small] 9 size & capacity b are ! same 9 pr9ciple4 ,!re are two g5]al types ( receiv+ cond5s]s call$ fix$ & v>iable accord+ly z ! capacity is alt]able or n4 ,fix$ cond5s]s consi/ ( a few %eets ( t9foil int]pos$ betwe5 %eets ( p>aff9$ pap] or 9 "s cases mica4 ,! cond5s] is inclos$ 9 a suitable case1 usually a holl[ mold$ block ( insulat+ composition1 & is provid$ ) suitable t]m9als to facilitate connection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ha4--,rot>y v>iable cond5s]4 ,:5 a conductor is *>g$ ) electricity x has ! p[] ( ex]t+ an opposite *>ge 9 any adjac5t conductors4 ,! two halves ( a cond5s] con/itute adjac5t conductors1 ! sep>at+ m$ium 9 betwe5 be+ call$ ! dielectric4 ,an alt]nat+ curr5t w pass ?r\gh a cond5s] because ! *>ge on ! plates keeps *ang+ f negative to positive & back f positive to negative aga94 ,a direct curr5t w n pass ?r\gh a cond5s]4 ,^! facts are utiliz$ to consid]able advantage 9 ! receptor ( a wireless /ation4 ,z has already be5 expla9$1 ! high frequ5cy oscillatory curr5ts w n readily pass ?r\gh ! coils ( ! telephone receiv]s1 b a pa? is provid$ ?r\gh ! cond5s]4 ,! detector rectifies ! alt]nat+ curr5t into a direct curr5t :i* ! cond5s] opposes & =ces to pass ?r\gh ! telephone receiv] & produce s\nds4 ,:5 a batt]y is us$ 9 connection ) a detector a cond5s] is also necess>y to oppose ! direct curr5t ( ! batt]y & prev5t x f fl[+ ar\nd ?r\gh ! tun+ coil in/ead ( ?r\gh ! detector4 ,! capacity ( ! cond5s] may be small] if ! resi/ance ( ! telephone receiv] is v great = ! reason t z ! wire gr[s small] x (f]s great] imp$ance to ! curr5t4 ,! opposite also holds true & cond5s]s ( l>ge capacity are bett] fitt$ = use ) telephone receiv]s ( l[ resi/ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4--;,int]ior ( rot>y v>iable cond5s] %[+ con/ruction4 ,v>iable cond5s]s are divid$ into two g5]al types1 ! rot>y & ! slid+ plate1 accord+ly z ! plates =m+ ! cond5s] are adju/$ ) a rot>y or a slid+ motion4 ,! rot>y type consi/s ( a numb] ( movable semi-circul> alum9um plates :i* sw+ betwe5 a s]ies ( fix$ semi-circul> plates ( a slightly l>g] diamet]4 ,! plates mu/ n t\* "o ano!r & move back & =? ) p]fect fre$om4 ,! dielectric is =m$ by ! air spac+ betwe5 ! plates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc4--;,dr4 ,seibt's rot>y v>iable cond5s]4 ,! plates are turn$ f a solid ca/+ & ! sep>ation betwe5 is only 4#ja in*4 ,! advantage ( an air dielectric is t no losses ( en]gy take place ?r\gh hy/]isis4 ,hy/]isis is ! lagg+ :i* takes place 9 ! process ( *>g+ & dis*>g+4 ,a ?umb knob is fitt$ to ! movable plates & provid$ ) a po9t] mov+ ov] a graduat$ scale s t ! degree ( capacity 9 use is indicat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hd4--,slid+ plate v>iable cond5s]4 ,9 ! slid+ plate type ( v>iable cond5s] ! plates are ei!r squ>e or rectangul> 9 %ape & move back & =? 9 grooves cut 9 a h>dwood frame z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,v>iable cond5s]s are us$ = tun+ & adju/+ ! receiv+ circuit 9 ! same way t a tun+ coil is employ$1 namely to increase or decrease ! electrical l5g? ( ! circuit s t x w respond to diff]5t wave l5g?s4 ,! cond5s]s are capable ( f9] adju/m5t ?an tun+ coils because ! *ange is gradual & ev5 & is n 9 jumps f "o /ep to ano!r z f "o turn to ! next turn ( ! coil4 ,if ! desir$ po9t ( resonance %\ld happ5 to come betwe5 two wires ( ! coil & n 9 a position to be rea*$ by ! slid]1 ! v>iable cond5s] c be adju/$ to rea* ! exact degree ( resonance & ?us br+ ! circuit into f9] adju/m5t ?an w\ld o!rwise be possible4 ,! exact way 9 :i* ?is is accompli%$ & ! effect ^u ! circuit w be left to ! next *apt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #he4--;,diagram %[+ arrangem5t ( rot>y v>iable cond5s] 9 receiv+ circuit4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,tun+ ,,& ,,c\pl+1 ,,directive ,,wave ,,telegraphy4 ,tun+ has be5 m5tion$ 9 sev]al places b n expla9$ 9 any great] measure ?an 0 necess>y to r5d] a conception :i* w\ld enable ! read] to foll[ ! text intellig5tly 9 ord] n to dep>t f ! subjects "u discussion !re & consequ5tly defeat ! purpose ( cle>ness4 ,! great importance & value ( prop]ly tun+ ! circuit ( radiotelegraphic app>atus _c be ov]e/imat$ & = t reason ! subject c h>dly be pass$ )\t "s fur!r explanation4 ,its effects are two-fold4 ,9 ! fir/ place x is always desirable & highly important t wireless messages %\ld be1 s f> z is possible1 selective1 inasmu* z !re are (t5 sev]al /ations 9 ! same imm$iate neighborhood op]at+ at ! same "t4 ,?is result is rea*$ by tun+ & x is possible = !m all to transmit diff]5t messages at ! same "t )\t confusion by ! prop] arrangem5t ( ! wave l5g?4 ,! second effect is ! transmission ( messages ov] long di/ances ) ! comp>ative consumption ( small am\nt ( p[] by adju/+ ! p]iod or electrical l5g? ( ! circuits until ! oscillations fl[ 9 h>mony ) ea* o!r & resonance is secur$4 ,p]haps ! only way t ^! results may be made cle>ly intelligible is by resort to a graphical example4 ,suppose t a v heavy weight 7 susp5d$ f a *a9 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration & t x is /ruck at regul> int]vals1 once e second1 ) a hamm]4 ,e "t t ! hamm] /rikes ! ball x w give x an impulse & cause x to sw+ slightly4 ,if ! *a9 is %ort1 ! ball w sw+ fa/]1 :ile if x is long x w sw+ m sl[ly4 ,we w suppose t ! ball is /ruck f su* a direction t x />ts to sw+ ov] t[>d ,a4 ,! ball is s heavy & ! hamm] s light 9 comp>ison h[ev] t ! ball does n sw+ v f> & soon comm5ces a return j\rney4 ,if x %\ld return to ! po9t ,b j z ! hamm] deliv]s ano!r bl[ ! =ce ( ! bl[ w be exp5d$ 9 /opp+ ! ball r ?an add+ to its motion because !y are bo? travel+ 9 opposite directions4 ,h[ev] if ! *a9 is l5g!n$ s t x has a p]iod ( sw+ la/+ "o second1 ! succe$+ bl[ w /rike ! ball aft] x has rea*$ ! po9t ,c & is on its return j\rney1 ?us imp>t+ fre% en]gy because bo? ! ball & hamm] come toge!r at ! "r "t :5 !y are bo? sw++ toge!r4 ,prop] adju/m5t ( ! l5g? ( ! *a9 w make x possible = ! hamm] to always desc5d at ! "r mom5t to add its en]gy & motion to t previ\sly giv5 ! ball4 ,! result w be consid]able increase 9 ! amplitude ( ! sw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hf4--;,*a9 & ball arrang$ to illu/rate effect ( tun+4 ,f ?is we may easily p]ceive h[ x is possible by %ort5+ or l5g!n+ ! p]iod ( an electrical circuit to s adju/ x t resonance is secur$ & ea* succe$+ oscillation w take place at ! prop] "t to assi/ ! previ\s "o1 n dy+ away aft] "o or two surges & becom+ :at is kn[n 9 te*nical language z rapidly damp$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hg4--,loose c\pl$ helix4 ,! in/rum5ts = accompli%+ ^! ?+s consi/ z previ\sly expla9$1 9 ! case ( a transmitt]1 ( ! helix & 9 ! receiv+ /ation ( v>i\s tun+ coils & cond5s]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hh4--;,hot-wire ammet]4 ,helix & tun+ coils are divid$ into ! inductive or loose & ! direct or close c\pl$ types4 ,inductive tun+ coils are kn[n z loose-c\pl]s & receiv+ trans=m]s4 ,inductive helixes consi/ simply ( two helixes1 sep>at$ f "o ano!r z %[n 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration4 ,! upp] helix1 call$ ! second>y1 c be rais$ or l[]$ ^u a c5tral support4 ,v>y+ ! di/ance betwe5 ! prim>y & second>y is v>y+ ! c\pl+4 ,!re are sev]al advantages d]iv$ by us+ loose c\pl$ s5d+ helixes1 ! *ief ( :i* lie 9 ! fact t x is possible to radiate l>g] am\nts ( en]gy & also decrease ! damp+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hi4--,! pr9ciple ( ! hot-wire ammet]4 ,9 ord] to tune a transmitt]1 ! hot-wire ammet] is necess>y4 ,?is in/rum5t makes use ( ! prop]ty :i* electrical conductors possess to become heat$ & exp& :5 a curr5t is pass$ ?r\gh !m4 ,! accompany+ diagram s]ves to illu/rate ! pr9ciple ( ! hot-wire met]4 ,a piece ( plat9um wire is /ret*$ tightly betwe5 two rigidly fix$ po/s4 ,a ?read leads f ! c5t] ( ! hot wire to a small sp9dle ar\nd :i* x passes once or twice4 ,! sp9dle is also connect$ to a spr+ :i* ex]ts a cont9ual t5d5cy to turn ! sp9dle b is prev5t$ f s do+ by ! ?read atta*+ to ! hot wire4 ,any t5d5cy on ! "p ( ! /r+ to slack5 a little1 h[ev]1 w imm$iately p]mit ! spr+ to turn ! sp9dle4 ,:5 a high frequ5cy curr5t is pass$ ?r\gh ! plat9um wire x becomes heat$ & exp&s4 ,! expansion ( ! wire all[s ! ?read to slack5 slightly ) ! imm$iate result t ! sp9dle turns4 ,! sp9dle c>ries a po9t] at ! upp] end :i* %[s ! am\nt ( turn+4 ,x is !re=e easy to tell ! comp>ative /r5g? ( curr5t fl[+ accord+ly z ! deflection is great or small4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ij4--;,diagram %[+ loose c\pl$ helix 9 circuit4 ,! met] is plac$ 9 s]ies ) ! a]ial & :5 ! high frequ5cy curr5ts pass ?r\gh x !y heat & exp& a f9e wire1 caus+ ! ne$le to move ov] a graduat$ scale & indicate ! am\nt ( curr5t pass+4 ,! app>atus is tun$ or 9 resonance :5 ! l5g? ( ! sp>k gap1 ! cond5s] & ! helix h be5 s adju/$ t ! oscillations fl[ freely ?r\gh ! sy/em & ! maximum am\nt ( curr5t is indicat$ by ! ammet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ia4--,loose c\pl$ tun+ coil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib4--,loose c\pl$ tun]4 ,! loose c\pl$ tun+ coil consi/s ( two w9d+s w\nd ov] two conc5tric cyl9d]s1 =m+ a prim>y & a second>y4 ,! second>y is ! small] w9d+ & slides 9 & out ( ! prim>y s t ! c\pl+ is v>iable4 ,! prim>y is adju/able by means ( a slid] & ! second>y by means ( a multi-po9t$ swit*4 ,! slid] is usually connect$ to ! a]ial & "o end ( ! coil to ! gr\nd4 ,! detector1 etc41 are connect$ to ! t]m9als ( ! second>y4 ,v>iable cond5s]s may be add$ ) good results to bo? ! prim>y & second>y circuits4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic4--;,diagram %[+ position ( loose c\pl] 9 circuit4 ,loose c\pl]s also take ! =m ( d\ghnut tun]s 9 :i* ! second>y revolves in/ead ( slides4 ,! c\pl+ is v>iable 9 su* an in/rum5t by simply turn+ ! second>y4 ,! wave emitt$ f a transmitt] is 9 reality made up ( two waves ( diff]5t l5g?s4 ,! v>iation 9 ! l5g?s ( ^! two waves is dep5dable ^u a factor kn[n z ! coeffici5t ( c\pl+4 ,x is almo/ impossible to cle>ly expla9 ! ph5om5on & 9 ord] n to confuse & complicate by a r l5g?y explanation x may be well to simply /ate t its effect is to make selective tun+ difficult unless ! c\pl+ ( ! receiv+ /ation c be v>i$ to correspond ) t ( ! transmitt] & ask ! read] to take x = grant$4 ,v>y+ ! c\pl+ adju/s ! diff]5ce 9 ! two wave l5g?s & :5 prop]ly accompli%$ r5d]s ! app>atus highly selective4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id4-;,=t ,gibbons1 ,alaska1 wireless /ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ie4--,transmitt+ cond5s] 7mold$ dielectric74 ,directive ,wireless ,telegraphy is an int]e/+ phase ( ?is new art :i* is receiv+ consid]able att5tion 9 ! h&s ( inve/igators & has result$ 9 ! devisem5t ( sev]al successful sy/ems = conf9+ ! propagation ( ! electric waves to c]ta9 directions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #if4--;,braun's me?od = direct+ wireless telegraph signals4 ,a g5]al diffusion ( waves is (t5 v undesirable = ! reasons t ! message may be receiv$ by an unfri5dly neighbor or enemy & also because x is wa/eful ( en]gy4 ,by s direct+ ! waves t !y may be s5t ov] ! e>? to any desir$ po9t ( ! compass & only 9 t direction1 x is possible to communicate )\t di/urb+ ano!r /ation & also = a vessel at sea to secure its be>+s & position by tun+ its app>atus to respond to electric waves f two diff]5t kn[n /ations4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! problem has be5 solv$ v>ies consid]ably accord+ to ! inv5tor4 ,all are int]e/+ & +5i\s4 ,x w be rememb]$ t electric waves possess all ! *>act]i/ics & prop]ties ( light waves1 etc41 & may be reflect$1 refract$ & pol>iz$4 ,f]d9& ,braun has devis$ a sy/em consi/+ ( a numb] ( metallic /rips arrang$ to compose a p>abolic surface4 ,ano!r simil> set ( /rips bel[ ! fir/ set completes ! arrangem5t4 ,! two sets are connect$ to ! t]m9als ( a sp>k gap & induction coil4 ,?is app>atus acts z a huge reflector & s5ds out waves 9 "o direction only1 b h[ev] int]e/+ & +5i\s x may be is n entirely practical4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ig4--;,bell9i-,tosi radio-goniomet] = directive wireless telegraphy4 ,ano!r me?od devis$ by ,braun employs two or m a]ials at c]ta9 di/ances ap>t4 ,! alt]nat+ curr5ts us$ to excite ! oscillations diff] 9 phase1 i4 e4 are s arrang$ t !y h diff]5t comp>ative values at ! same mom5t4 ,x is possible to s5d v /rong signals 9 a direction ly+ 9 ! same plane z ! a]ials4 ,by ! use ( ?ree or m ant5nae suitably diff]+ 9 _! phase ( excitation & situat$ at ! v]tices ( a triangle x is possible to s5d /rong signals 9 c]ta9 directions only4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ih4--;,arrangem5t ( ,bell9i & ,tosi = directive wireless telegraphy4 ,messrs4 ,bell9i & ,tosi h devis$ a v +5i\s me?od ( directively transmitt+ & receiv+ electric waves z %[n 9 ! accompany+ diagrams4 ,! ant5na consi/s ( two clos$ or ne>ly clos$ circuits ( triangul> %ape arrang$ 9 two p]p5dicul> planes4 ,! two a]ials ea* conta9 a circul> coil ( wire p]p5dicul> to ea* o!r ) _! w9d+s 9 ! planes ( ! ant5na circuits respectively4 ,a ?ird coil is connect$ to ! receiv+ app>atus :5 ! messages are incom+ & to ! cond5s]1 sp>k gap & coil :5 ! signals are to be transmitt$4 ,waves com+ 9 f any p>ticul> direction produce oscillations 9 ! two a]ial circuits ^: int5sity v>ies accord+ to ! direction 9 :i* ! waves ,^! curr5ts pass+ ?r\gh ! coils g5]ate a magnetic field hav+ a direction p]p5dicul> to t f :i* ! waves come4 ,! /r5g? ( ! curr5ts 9 ! movable coil w dep5d ^u its position 9 ! resultant magnetic field & w be at a maximum :5 ! coil embraces z _m z possible ( ! l9es ( magnetic =ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ii4--;,complete receiv+ & transmitt+ outfit4 ,by provid+ ! movable coil ) a po9t] x is possible to !reby det]m9e ! plane 9 :i* ! /ation produc+ ! signals lies4 ,any ambiguity reg>d+ ! f9al position ( ! /ation1 :e!r x is locat$ 9 ! same direction indicat$ by ! po9t] or 9 ! opposite "o1 is only remov$ by g5]al k ( ! location ( exi/+ /ations4 ,! processes involv$ 9 s5d+ messages are ! rev]se ( ^? ent]+ into ! receiv+ app>atus4 ,! movable coil be+ connect$ ) ! cond5s]1 gap & trans=m] or induction coil creates a magnetic field :i* induces oscillat+ curr5ts 9 ! o!r two coils & consequ5t waves 9 ! a]ial ^: /ronge/ ex]tions w lie 9 a plane det]m9$ by ! ?ird coil4 ,*ang+ ! position ( ! latt] w s5d ! messages 9 any direction desir$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,dignity ,,( ,,wireless4 ,,its ,,applications ,,& ,,s]vice4 ,,wireless ,,9 ,,! ,,army ,,& ,,navy4 ,,wireless ,,on ,,an ,,a]oplane4 ,,h[ ,a ,,message ,,is ,,s5t ,,& ,,receiv$4 ,wireless telegraphy & t precoci\s infant1 wireless telephony1 h outliv$ all ! speculative & t5tative a*ievem5ts ( _! e>ly days & h e/abli%$ !mselves 9 an important & settl$ position among our me?ods ( convey+ intellig5ce4 ,! field has be5 s greatly enl>g$ 9 rec5t ye>s & ! app>atus & me?ods s improv$ t ! broade/ possible view ( its future developm5t & importance is ju/ifi$4 ,& !re mu/ inevitably come ! "t :5 our m]*ant m>9e & wireless s]vice w come "u su* reasonable regulation t x w be remov$ f any dep5d5ce ^u /ock jobb+ wireless telegraph & telephone companies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajj4--,special light weight wireless telegraph set = air%ip s]vice4 ,(ficial s\rces %[ t ! equipp+ ( sea-go+ vessels ) wireless app>atus is progress+ at a rapid rate & x is n difficult 9 ! face ( c]ta9 facts to appreciate ! enorm\s volume ( bus9ess t soon] or lat] w be h&l$ by wireless4 ,?ree hundr$ & sixty-?ree ,unit$ ,/ates naval vessels & ab\t eight hundr$ m]*ant vessels are equipp$ at ?is writ+4 ,! l>ge numb] ( comm]cial %ore /ations1 army =ts & po/s1 & ^? us$ by corporations1 isolat$ /ations1 etc41 = v>i\s private purposes comprise a li/ :i* rea*es an enorm\s total4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aja4--,telefunk5 wireless c>t1 %[+ transmitt]4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! /atus ( wireless previ\s to ! ,titanic disa/]1 x n[ occupies a position f> m important ?an t tak5 m]ely f any comm]cial /&po9t1 = x is no long] m]ely a conv5i5ce to bus9ess or a means ( furni%+ ! late/ news = ! ent]ta9m5t ( pass5g]s1 b is a life-sav+ proposition tak+ its place ) ! elaborate & co/ly sy/ems ( railroad signals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajb4--,telefunk5 wireless c>t = milit>y s]vice1 %[+ receiv+ app>atus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajc4--,telefunk5 wireless wagon set 9 op]ation at ,=t ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,! a]ial is ( ! umbrella type support$ by a /eel pole re/+ on a porcela9 base4 ,x is a curi\s fact t _m ( ! mo/ />tl+ & newe/ inv5tions f9d ready & peculi> application z an aid 9 mod]n w>f>e4 ,! n]ves ( e w> vessel & =t are ! wires ( ! telephones1 telegraphs1 telautographs1 dynamos1 /orage batt]ies etc41 t transmit ord]s by spee* or 9 writ+1 f9d ! range1 fire ! guns1 explode ! m9es & seek out ! enemy ) a p[]ful se>*light4 ,e battle-%ip1 cruis]1 etc41 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy is n[ equipp$ & ) ! completion ( ! new ultrap[]ful /ation at ,wa%+ton ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t w be enabl$ to issue in/ructions to a %ip no matt] :]e x may be on ! ocean or 9 :at h>bor x may lie4 ,! gov]nm5t ma9ta9s an elaborate equipm5t at ! ,brooklyn ,navy ,y>d :]e ! future wireless op]ators ( ! ,navy are giv5 a c\rse ext5d+ f sev5 to t5 weeks4 ,! fir/ few days are sp5t 9 ma/]+ ! !ory4 ,! second week usually comm5ces alt]nate /udy & practice ( ! ,cont95tal ,code :i* la/s ?r\gh\t ! entire c\rse or until ?or\ghly ma/]$4 ,ea* week "s special bran* ( /udy is giv5 out su* z repair+ & ov]haul+ c]ta9 in/rum5ts4 ,at ! end ( sev5 weeks ! /ud5t c usually s5d & receive #ae words a m9ute4 ,he is !n giv5 two weeks to prep>e = an exam9ation :i* if pass$ rates him z an electrician1 ?ird class1 & qualifies him = active "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajd4--,wireless room abo>d ! ,u4 ,s4 transport ,bu=d4 ,x is c]ta9 t wireless telegraphy & telephony w be important factors 9 milit>y campaigns ( ! future4 ,= coa/ def5se1 wireless is z valuable z on ! ocean4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aje4--,! app>atus set up = op]ation4 ,?is me?od ( transmitt+ army ord]s is q dep5dable4 ,) ! mo/ rec5t developm5ts & improvem5ts x is n[ possible to direct ! movem5ts ( a great army & navy simultane\sly f a c5trally locat$ po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajf4--,wireless equipp$ automobile4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & spectacul> applications ( wireless telegraphy 9 milit>y s]vice is ! wireless telegraph automobile4 ,! automobile is a /ock patt]n t\r+ c> ( #cj ,h4 ,p4 provid$ ) a special body arrang$ to c>ry six pass5g]s4 ,! seats are elevat$ s z to af=d /orage space bel[ = ! entire wireless equipm5t & a truly a/oni%+ am\nt ( miscellane\s supplies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajg4--;,company ,d ,signal ,corps at ,san ,antonio ,texas1 #aiaa1 %[+ pack sets & telescop+ pole c>ri$ by pack mules4 ,! ma/ us$ to elevate ! a]ial is ( light /eel con/ruction divid$ into eight sections :i* ne/ into "o ano!r ) admirable economy ( space4 ,! socket = ! foot ( ! ma/ is locat$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! tonneau4 ,only a few m9utes are requir$ to raise ! ma/ & a]ial4 ,! same gasol9e motor employ$ to drive ! automobile also drives a small dynamo :i* supplies ! electric curr5t = ! transmitt+ app>atus4 ,two ( ^! c>s h be5 exp]im5tally op]at$ ov] a numb] ( ! old battle-fields ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajh4--,u4 ,s4 ,signal ,corps pack sets %[n op5 & clos$4 ,receiv+ app>atus on ! left4 ,! te/s 7 made "u all sorts ( road & wea!r conditions b no great difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 e/abli%+ communication ov] di/ances v>y+ f #ce to #ej miles4 ,!re is probably no application ( wireless telegraphy1 h[ev]1 q z picturesque z ! comb9ation ( wireless & an a]oplane & ! idea ( a d\ble seat$ a]oplane c>ry+ an aviator & a wireless op]ator hov]+ ov] a ho/ile c\ntry to keep ! comm&+ (fic] in=m$ ( all conditions & movem5ts ( ! enemy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aji4--,! receiv+ app>atus ( ! air%ip ,am]ica 7,wellman exp$ition74 ,! huge dirigible balloon ,akron 9 :i* ,melville ,vanniman propos$ to cross ! ,atlantic ,ocean 0 fitt$ ) wireless equipm5t 9 ord] to transmit news ( ! exp$ition en r\te to v>i\s ( ! daily newspap]s ( ,new ,york & ,london & also 9 case ( an accid5t or em]g5cy to summon aid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaj4--;,int]ior ( ! ,n4 ,y4 ,h]ald 7,o4 ,h4 ,x47 press /ation4 ,! equipm5t is int]e/+ because ( ! peculi> conditions impos$ ^u in/rum5ts to be us$ "u su* circum/ances4 ,a ?ree kil[att trans=m]1 ! late/ type ( musical rot>y gap & a valve detector 7 includ$ 9 ! outfit4 ,x 0 propos$ to obta9 ! necess>y gr\nd connection by trail+ a #abjj foot phosphor bronze gr\nd lead 9 ! ocean4 ,! frame ( ! balloon 0 to be us$ z ! a]ial4 ,%\ld x h become necess>y to take ! lifeboat :i* ! balloon c>ri$1 a kite w\ld h be5 rais$ & by sub/itut+ a copp] wire 9 lieu ( a /r+ an a]ial provid$1 & once m a ,,cq ,d & its appeal = aid w\ld h gone vibrat+ =? ?r\gh ! e!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaa4--,op]at+ ! ,u4 ,s4 ,signal ,corps air%ip wireless app>atus4 ,sev]al ent]pris+ newspap]s h recogniz$ ! value ( wireless telegraphy 9 collect+ %ipp+ news & h in/all$ outfits = ! assi/ance ( _! report+ bureau4 ,?is innovation 9 mod]n j\rnalism has quickly develop$ into a useful feature ( ^? publications :i* h se5 fit to adopt x4 ,:5 ! baseball season is "u way e /eam%ip )9 call+ di/ance wants ! late/ baseball scores or sport+ results4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aab4--,! ,n4 ,y4 ,h]ald /ation1 %[+ a]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aac4--,op]ator ,jack ,irw9 ov]haul+ ! wireless app>atus = ! dirigible balloon ,am]ica4 ,railroads h f\nd an auxili>y wireless s]vice to be ( ! utmo/ value 9 reliev+ ! heavily load$ wire l9es betwe5 important c5t]s4 ,dur+ "s ( ! w9t] /orms & blizz>ds1 :5 miles ( wires 7 d[n 9 all directions1 wireless has be5 ! sole means ( communication 9 c]ta9 in/ances4 ,! process ( s5d+ a wireless message is v simple4 ,! a]ial swit* is usually kept 9 su* a position t ! receiv+ in/rum5ts are connect$ to ! gr\nd & a]ial s t ! op]ator is always able to he> any "o call+ him4 ,we w suppose = illu/ration t ! l& /ation at #db ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city1 wi%es to transmit a message to ! /eam] ,horatio ,hall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aad4--,morse code4 ,e wireless /ation on l& or sea has assign$ to x two or m call lett]s1 :i* di/+ui% x f all o!r /ations1 & s]ve z ! key to messages int5d$ = x to receive & :5 sign$ to a message z an indication ( its orig94 ,! call ( ! l& /ation 9 ?is case is ,n4 ,y41 & t ( ! /eam]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aae4--;,cont95tal code4 ,9 ord] to s5d ! message to ! %ip1 ,n4 ,y4 ?r[s ! a]ial into position = s5d+4 ,?is act also />ts ! motor g5]ator set supply+ curr5t to ! trans=m]4 ,press+ ! key1 ! op]ator !n signals 9 ! telegraph code ,j4 ,h41 ,j4 ,h41 ,j4 ,h4--,m4 ,s4 ,g4-,n4 ,y4--& gives ! f9i% signal4 ,m4 ,s4 ,g4 is ! abbreviation = message4 ,! ,n4 ,y4 op]ator !n ?r[s 8 swit* back into ! receiv+ position & waits = a reply4 ,if "o is n =?com+ %ortly ! call+ process is repeat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaf4--,transmitt+ equipm5t ( ! high p[] /ation at ,nau51 tw5ty-five miles nor?we/ ( ,b]l91 ,g]many1 %[+ six induction coils 79 ! =egr\nd7 arrang$ to *>ge ! ,leyd5 j>s 7compos$ ( #cfj units74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aag4--;,duplex receiv+ app>atus4 ,! set to ! left may be adju/$ to receive %ort wave l5g?s & t to ! "r to receive long waves4 ,:5 ! h&le ( ! li/5+ key1 %[n 9 ! c5t] ( ! illu/ration1 is 9 ! c5t]1 ! left h& phone ( ! head set is connect$ to ! in/rum5ts on ! left & ! "r h& phone to ^? on ! "r1 s t ! op]ator is always ready to receive ei!r %ort or long waves if receiv$4 ,sw++ ! key connects bo? phones to ei!r set at w4 ,z soon z ! op]ator on bo>d ! /eam] he>s ! call1 he waits until ! f9i% signal is receiv$1 & !n responds 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,n4 ,y41 ,n4 ,y41 ,n4 ,y4--,j4 ,h4--,o4 ,k41 ,o4 ,k4--,g4 ,a4--,g4 ,a4--,n4 ,y41 ,j4 ,h4--& gives ! f9i% signal4 ,o4 ,k4 is ! abbreviation = all "r1 & ,g4 ,a4 means g ahead4 ,^u receipt ( ?is1 ! l& /ation transmits ! body ( ! message1 & signs its call & f9i% signal4 ,if ! /eam] und]/&s ! message1 %e replies ,o4 ,k41 & signs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aah4--;,break+-9 sy/em4 ,!re are two ,codes 9 g5]al use = wireless telegraph purposes1 ! ,morse & ,cont95tal4 ,x takes ab\t five p] c5t4 long] space ( "t to s5d a message 9 ,cont95tal ?an x does 9 ,morse1 b ! =m] has ! advantage ( n conta9+ any lett]s requir+ prop] spac+ 9 ord] to be recognizable4 ,am]ican coa/wise /eam]s use ! ,morse code2 transatlantic %ips use ! ,cont95tal code4 ,"o ( ! greate/ disadvantages ( mo/ sy/ems ( wireless telegraphy lies 9 ! fact t no arrangem5t is provid$ = simultane\sly transmitt+ & receiv+ wireless signals4 ,x is usually necess>y = "o op]ator li/5+ to ano!r to h to wait until ! f9i% signal is giv5 be=e he c reply or int]rupt 9 case he _c und]/& "p ( ! message1 because ! receiv+ app>atus ( ! transmitt+ /ation is necess>ily disconnect$ f ! a]ial & ! gr\nd dur+ ! p]iod a message is be+ s5t4 ,if x 7 to be connect$ at ?is "t ! p[]ful curr5ts ( ! transmitt] w\ld ru% ?r\gh ! receiv+ app>atus into ! gr\nd )\t sett+ up any v p[]ful waves 9 ! a]ial & s]i\sly injure ! delicate receiv+ in/rum5ts4 ,! ,break+-9-,sy/em is a me?od ( simultane\sly transmitt+ & receiv+ wireless signals4 ,?is is accompli%$ by provid+ ! transmitt+ key ) a second set ( contacts1 s arrang$ t :5 ! key is releas$ betwe5 ! dots & da%es ( ! code ! a]ial & gr\nd are automatically connect$ to ! receiv+ app>atus4 ,:5 ! key is press$ ! receptor is automatically cut (f4 ,! advantages ( su* a sy/em are m or less obvi\s4 ,:5 int]f]5ce or a misund]/&+ occurs ! fact c be imm$iately signal$ to ! s5d+ op]ator1 & ! message comm5c$ ov] aga94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aai4--,! receiv+ app>atus ( ! /ation at ,nau54 ,! message is be+ pr9t$ on tape by a record+ device4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,e>4 ,,h[ ,,we ,,he>4 ,,s\nd ,,& ,,s\nd ,,waves4 ,,! ,,vocal ,,*ords4 ,,! ,,/ructure ,,( ,,spee*4 ,on ei!r side ( ! head1 lodg$ 9 a cavity :i* !y d n completely fill1 & situat$ 9 ! mid/ ( a d5se & solid mass ( bone1 ent]+ into ! base ( ! skull & =m+ ! temporal bone1 are two membrane\s bags call$ ! membrane\s labyr9? & ! scala m$ia ( ! co*lea4 ,ea* bag is fill$ ) a liquid1 & is also surr\nd$ & support$ by a fluid :i* fills ! cavity 9 :i* !y are lodg$4 ,c]ta9 small1 h>d bodies1 free to move ar\nd1 lie 9 ! fluid ( ! bag4 ,! ends ( ! auditory n]ve ( he>+ are di/ribut$ ar\nd ! wall ( ! sac1 s t !y are subject$ to ! bl[s ( ! little p>ticles ( calc>e\s s&1 or otoconia1 z !y are call$1 :5ev] ! fluid 9 ! bags is di/urb$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abj4--;,diagram ( ! e>4 ,! membrane\s l9+ on :i* ! ultimate ends ( ! n]ves are spread is virtually a s5sitive bea*1 & ! little otoconia1 %[]s ( pebbles & s&1 :i* are rais$ & let fall by ea* succe$+ wavelet ( s\nd4 ,?is wond]ful me*anism con/itutes ! inn] e>4 ,! e>1 z a :ole1 consi/s ( ?ree p>ts3 ! out] e>1 :i* is a trumpet-%ap$ passageway call$ ! p9na s]v+ to collect ! s\nd waves & pass !m on ?r\gh ! auditory canal to a small membrane call$ ! e>drum2 ! ossicles1 a s]ies ( ?ree little bones1 ! hamm]1 ! anvil1 & ! /irrup1 !y are call$2 & ! inn] e> j describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aba4--,! ossicles4 ,! foot ( ! /irrup is connect$ ) an oval membrane1 :i* closes a hole 9 ! inn] e>4 ,s\nds pass+ ?r\gh ! auditory canal cause ! drum to vibrate & s5d tremors ?r\gh ! bones to ! liquid 9 ! little sacs4 ,! tumbl+ ( ! pebbles aga9/ ! filam5ts ( ! auditory n]ve s5ds ! intellig5ce to ! bra94 ,! impression :i* ! m9d receives ?r\gh ! organ ( he>+ is call$ s\nd4 ,all bodies :i* produce s\nds are 9 a /ate ( vibration1 & !y communicate _! vibrations to ! surr\nd+ air & ?us set x into waves1 j z a /ick wav$ back & =? 9 a pool ( wat] creates ripples4 ,s\nd implies vibration1 & :5ev] a s\nd is he>d "s sub/ance1 a solid1 a liquid1 or a gas is 9 vibration & ! surr\nd+ air is 9 unison ) x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abb4--;,bon j\r 7good day 9 ,fr5*7 z repres5t$ by a wave picture4 ,! picture 0 made by a mirror arrang$ to move "u ! influ5ce ( ! voice & to ca/ a beam ( light ^u a /rip ( s5sitiz$ pap]4 ,s\nd has be5 lik5$ to a picture pa9t$ n 9 ! space & color ( sub/ance b 9 "t & motion4 ,:at really passes out f ! s\rce is m]ely a rhy?mical motion ( ! air p>ticles1 manife/+ !mselves z *anges 9 pressure1 spread+ out 9 ev]-wid5+ sph]es ?r\gh ! atmosph]e4 ,! ord] ( ^! compressions is diff]5t = e s\nd4 ,! musical s\nds ( an or*e/ra embody a diff]5t set ( vibrations = ea* note ( ea* p>ticul> in/rum5t4 ,if ! fluctuations 9 pressure ( a s\nd wave are irregul> & non-p]iodic1 ! s\nd is call$ a noise2 if !y are cyclic1 & foll[ a regul> & suffici5tly rapid p]iodic lag1 ! s\nd is musical4 ,we may easily satisfy ourselves t 9 e in/ance 9 :i* ! s5sation ( s\nd is produc$ ! body f :5ce ! s\nd comes mu/ h be5 ?r[n into a /ate ( rapid tremor1 imply+ ! exi/5ce ( a motion to & fro ( ! p>ticles ( :i* x consi/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abc4--;,exp]im5t %[+ s\nd+ bodies are 9 vibration4 ,if ! face ( a tun+ =k prong be t\*$ ) a small ball ( cork susp5d$ f a f9e silk fib]1 aft] ! =k has be5 /ruck & caus$ to emit its note1 ! cork w be viol5tly repell$ f ! latt]4 ,:y8 ,because ! prong ( ! =k is 9 vibration4 ,if a small wire or bri/le is fa/5$ to ! prong ( ! =k & a piece ( smok$ glass drawn across x :ile ! =k is giv+ =? a s\nd1 ! trace ( ! po9t w appe> z a wavy l9e1 %[+ t :ile ! glass 0 drawn along ! prong w5t to & fro _m times4 ,! vibrations or di/urbances set up 9 ! air by a s\nd emitt+ body are kn[n z s\nd waves4 ,^! waves consi/ ( a s]ies ( cond5sations & r>efactions succe$+ ea* o!r at regul> int]vals1 ea* air p>ticle sw++ to & fro 9 a v %ort pa?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abd4--,me?od ( regi/]+ vibrations ( a tun+ =k4 ,air waves _c be se5 by ! nak$ eye1 b _! nature may be easily repres5t$ or illu/rat$4 ,fig4 #abf gives a pictorial repres5tation ( ! cr[d+ toge!r ( ! air p>ticles dur+ ! passage ( a wave4 ,! l\dness ( ! s\nd dep5ds ^u ! am\nt & sudd5ness ( ! *ange 9 pressure1 & ! note or pit* on ! numb] ( complete to & fro motions ( ! p>ticles p] second4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abe4--,wavy l9e made by a bri/le atta*$ to a tun+ =k prong 9 vibration :5 pass$ ov] smok$ glass4 ,! timbre ( a s\nd or ! quality t di/+ui%es ! note ( a viol9 f t ( a piano dep5ds ^u ! smoo?ness or abruptness ( ! *anges 9 pressure4 ,!re9 lies ! difficulty ( ! production ( s\nd by means ( a phonograph or telephone1 = ! s\nd waves mu/ resemble ea* o!r 9 e detail 9 ord] t ! result may be l ! orig9al4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abf4--;,illu/rat+ ! action ( air waves4 ,! me*anism ) :i* we speak or s+ is compos$ ( two flexible membranes1 /ret*$ side by side across a small cyl9drical box locat$ at ! top ( ! w9dpipe4 ,! membranes are call$ ! vocal *ords1 & ! box ! l>ynx4 ,! *ords are s arrang$ & controll$ by muscles t _! t5sion may be *ang$ at w4 ,9 brea?+1 ! air to & f ! lungs passes freely betwe5 ! *ords4 ,:5 ! controll+ muscles are tight5$1 s z to /ret* ! *ords1 ! edges are also br\ght p>allel & q close to ea* o!r4 ,if ! brea? f ! lungs is !n =c$ ?r\gh ! n>r[ slit betwe5 !m1 !y vibrate l ! re$ ( a musical in/rum5t1 & produce ! s\nds ( ! voice4 ,! multitude ( s\nds :i* x is possible = a human be+ to produce are ! result ( v>i\s degrees ( /ret*+ ( ! vocal *ords1 toge!r ) ! movem5ts ( ! m\?1 lips & tongue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abg4--,! vocal cords 9 position = mak+ a s\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abh4--,! vocal :5 relax$4 ,spee* is ! s\nd produc$ by ! vocal *ords ( a human be+1 modifi$ by ! movem5ts ( ! lips1 tongue1 & cavity ( ! m\?4 ,! consonants are made by movem5ts ( ! tongue & lips ob/ruct+ ! s\nds at _! beg9n+ or end1 :ile ! v[els are =m$ by a /eady voice modifi$ by ! resonance ( ! diff]5t %apes or sizes giv5 ! p>ts ( ! m\?4 ,! waves produc$ 9 ?is mann] are transmitt$ to ! e>1 & ! s5sation ( s\nd is caus$ by ! impact ( ! otoconia aga9/ ! auditory n]ve1 giv+ a s]ies ( impressions1 musical or unmusical1 pleas+ or displeas+1 z ! case may be4 ,_m int]e/+ exp]im5ts %[+ ! nature ( ! s\nds ( ! human voice may be p]=m$ by means ( a simple app>atus inv5t$ by ,ko5ig ( ,p>is4 ,a box is sep>at$ into two comp>tm5ts by a rubb] membrane4 ,gas is l$ into "o ( ^! comp>tm5ts by a rubb] tube1 & !n all[$ to issue to a burn]4 ,! o!r comp>tm5t is connect$ to a megaphone4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abi4--,ko5ig's manometric flame app>atus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acj4--;,appe>ance ( manometric flames 9 a revolv+ mirror4 ,two pieces ( mirror are arrang$ s z to revolve 9 front ( ! light$ jet or burn]4 ,:5 ! human voice is produc$ 9 front ( ! megaphone1 ! air waves /rike ! membrane & cause *anges ( pressure 9 ! gas4 ,! height ( ! flames v>ies ) ea* *ange 9 ! pressure1 & :5 view$ 9 ! mirror resemble a b& ( light hav+ an edge l a saw4 ,! tee? are fai?ful repres5tations ( ! *anges 9 ! voice1 & imm$iately take on a new appe>ance :5 a new s\nd is emitt$4 ,! %ape ( ! tee? *anges ) ! tone1 & ! numb] ( tee? ) ! pit*4 ,fig4 #acj %[s ! flames produc$ by s++ ! s\nd oo1 z 9 tool4 ,! same s\nd an octave l[] 9 pit* w %[ z 9 ,b1 :]e !re are j "o-half z _m tee? or vibrations4 ,! s\nd ( oo is a simple s\nd4 ,if o on ! note is sung into ! megaphone1 ! image 9 ! mirror w appe> l t %[n by ,c1 be+ made up ( alt]nat+ l>ge & small tee?1 ! =m] correspond+ to e alt]nate vibration ( ! octave ( ! high] s\nd co9cid+ ) a vibration ( ! octave bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acj a4 ,! s\nd caus+ ! flame to appe>1 z 9 ,d1 is made up ( two simple vibrations comb9$4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,telephone ,,transmitt] ,,& ,,receiv]4 ,,! ,,photo ,,phone4 ,,! ,,!rmophone4 ,,! ,,sel5ium ,,cell4 ,,! ,,speak+ ,,arc4 ,! telephone is an in/rum5t = ! transmission ( s\nds to a di/ance by ! ag5cy ( electricity1 :]e9 ! speak] talks to an ela/ic plate ( ?9 %eet-iron1 :i* vibrates & transmits its e movem5t1 electrically1 caus+ x to vibrate 9 an id5tical mann] & emit ! same s\nds4 ,! transmission ( ! vibrations dep5ds ^u well kn[n pr9ciples ( electricity1 & consi/s1 n ( an actual transmission ( ! s\nds1 b ! passage ( electric waves1 or impulses1 :i* keep p]fect accord & agree 9 phase & p]iod ) ! atmosph]ic waves produc$ by ! voice4 ,^! 9 turn1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( an electromagnet1 cause vibrations ( a plate or membrane1 :i* agitates ! air 9 a mann] simil> to ! orig9al di/urbance1 & ?us emits s\nds4 ,! p>ts ( ! app>atus :i* take up ! s\nd waves & *ange !m into electric curr5ts compose ! transmitt]4 ,9 ! =m ( transmitt] mo/ commonly us$1 ! motions ( ! diaphragm cause v>iations 9 ! /r5g? ( a curr5t fl[+ f a batt]y by v>y+ ! resi/ance 9 ! pa? ( ! electric curr5t4 ,! s\nds are direct$ to ! m\?piece1 :i* causes ! vibrations ( ! air to /rike ! diaphragm1 on ! back & c5t] ( :i* is fa/5$ a small cup %ap$ piece ( c>bon4 ,a second cup is m\nt$ 9 a rigid position directly 9 back ( ! fir/4 ,! space betwe5 is fill$ ) small poli%$ granules ( c>bon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aca4--;,diagram ( a telephone transmitt]4 ,:5 ^! are 9 a p]fectly free & loose /ate _! resi/ance to an electric curr5t is v great1 & !y all[ almo/ none to fl[4 ,:5 slightly compress$ _! resi/ance is greatly l[]$1 & !y p]mit ! curr5t to pass4 ,! vibrations ( ! diaphragm ex]t a v>y+ pressure ^u ! granules1 ) a correspond+ v>iation 9 _! resi/ance & ! am\nt ( curr5t fl[+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acb4--;,diagram %[+ ! pr9ciple & con/ruction ( ! telephone receiv]4 ,! receiv]1 z has already be5 expla9$1 consi/s ( a ?9 iron disk1 plac$ v ne> b n q t\*+ ! end ( a small b> ( /eel1 p]man5tly magnetiz$1 ab\t :i* is w\nd a coil ( f9e insulat$ wire4 ,! ends ( ?is coil are connect$ to ! wires lead+ f ! transmitt] & batt]y4 ,! v>y+ curr5ts ( electricity1 produc$ by ! transmitt]1 g5]ate correspond+ *anges 9 ! magnetism ( ! receiv+ in/rum5t1 & ?us1 by alt]nately attract+ & repell+ ! diaphragm1 cause x to vibrate & emit s\nds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acc4--,! photophone4 ,alex&] ,graham ,bell1 ! +5i\s inv5tor ( ! telephone1 ) ! aid ( ,sumn] ,ta9t] 0 ! fir/ :o a*iev$ success 9 ! attempts to transmit spee* )\t ! aid ( connect+ wires betwe5 ! s\rce ( intellig5ce & ! receptor4 ,9 #ahgc ,will\ghby ,smi? ann\nc$ t ! elem5t sel5ium possesses ! abnormal prop]ty ( *ang+ its electrical resi/ance "u ! influ5ce ( light4 ,bell & ,ta9t] took advantage ( ?is discov]y1 & devis$ sel5ium cells1 9 :i* sel5ium is =m$ into n>r[ /rips betwe5 ! edges ( broad conduct+ plates ( brass4 ,! resi/ance ( ! cell 9 ! d>kness is approximately twice ! resi/ance :5 illum9at$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acd4--,photophone receiv+ app>atus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ace4--,photophone transmitt+ app>atus1 us+ acetyl5e flame to furni% light4 ,?is prop]ty ( ! cell 0 imm$iately appli$ to ! con/ruction ( ! photophone1 an in/rum5t :i* transmits s\nds to a di/ance by means ( a beam ( light reflect$ to a di/ant spot f a ?9 mirror ?r[n into vibration by ! voice4 ,ov] fifty diff]5t =ms 7 devis$ b ! mo/ successful consi/$ ( a transmitt] compos$ ( a glass disk1 silv]$ to reflect a p5cil ( light focus$ f ! sun1 or an arc lamp4 ,?is glass disk 0 us$ z a diaphragm simil> to t ( an ord9>y telephone transmitt]1 except t ! re> side ( x 0 made free to reflect ! beam ( light4 ,bell us$ = ?is purpose disks ab\t two in*es 9 diamet] & ! ?ickness ( ord9>y pap]4 ,! receiv] consi/$ ( a p>abolic reflector1 ) a sel5ium cell plac$ at its focus4 ,9 s]ies ) ! cell 0 plac$ a batt]y & telephone receiv]4 ,:5 ! membrane 0 set into vibration by ! s\nd waves1 x became alt]nately concave & convex1 ! normally p>allel rays ( light correspond+ly conv]g+ & div]g+4 ,! receiv+ /ation 0 ?us "u ! influ5ce ( light rays ( rapidly v>y+ int5sity 9 p]fect phase ) ! vibrations ( ! voice4 ,! reflector conc5trat$ ! rays on ! sel5ium cell1 & _! v>y+ /r5g? *ang$ its resi/ance & caus$ a pulsat+ curr5t to fl[ ?r\gh ! receiv] & reproduce ! spee* produc$ at ! transmitt]4 ,9 ano!r arrangem5t employ$ by ,bell & ,ta9t]1 !y us$ ! rays ( a p[]ful electric arc lamp1 & by v>y+ ! electric curr5t supply+ ! arc caus$ ! light to fluctuate & produce ! same results at ! receiv]4 ,^! +5i\s inv5tors also devis$ a me?od ( transmitt+ spee* call$ ! !rmophone4 ,! transmitt] rema9$ ! same z 9 ! photophone-a ?9 silv]$ membrane1 or glass diaphragm1 /ret*$ across ! back ( a m\?piece1 & arrang$ to reflect ! rays ( ! sun1 or ! light ( an arc lamp4 ,! receiv] 0 a small glass bulb conta9+ a plate ( mica cov]$ ) lampblack1 or little *>r$ pieces ( cork4 ,! glass bulb 0 plac$ 9 ! focus ( a reflector1 :i* collect$ ! rays & conc5trat$ !m4 ,! v>iations 9 ! int5sity ( ! heat radiations caus$ ! air 9 ! bulb to exp& or contract ) ea* vibration4 ,rubb] tubes ext5d$ f ! bulb to ! e>s ( ! obs]v]1 & ! pulsations ( air1 travel+ ?r\gh ! tube z s\nd waves1 w\ld /rike ! e>-drum & reproduce ! spee*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acf4--,p[]ful se>*light arrang$ to transmit spee* ov] a beam ( light4 ,bo? ( ^! me?ods 7 lat] v mu* improv$ by ! employm5t ( ,ko5ig's manometric flame 9 place ( ! silv]$ mirror z a transmitt]4 ,z expla9$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 spee* deliv]$ into ! m\?piece causes ! gas to become compress$ or r>efi$ 9 direct accordance ) ! s\nd waves1 & ! flame rises & falls ) a rapidity too great to be detect$ by ! nak$ eye4 ,^! rapid alt]ations 9 ! int5sity ( ! illum9ation ( ! flame act on ! sel5ium cell1 & reproduce ! orig9al voice p]fectly 9 ! telephone receiv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acg4--,! ,electric arc4 ,x is obvi\s1 h[ev]1 t su* me?ods z ^! are only capable ( transmitt+ spee* ov] v limit$ di/ances1 & if great] ranges are to be trav]s$ mu* m p[]ful transmitt]s mu/ be employ$ = ! purpose4 ,erne/ ,ruhm]1 aft] long & labori\s rese>*es1 f9ally succe$$ 9 transmitt+ spee* _m miles by tak+ advantage ( ! speak+ arc1 discov]$ by ,simon1 :o obs]v$ t an arc lamp gave out a l\d rattl+ noise if its curr5t supply 0 int]f]$ )4 ,an electric arc consi/s ( two c>bon rods1 connect$ to a g5]ator4 ,:5 ! c>bons are br\ght into contact = a mom5t & !n drawn ap>t to a %ort di/ance1 a k9d ( electric flame or arc is produc$ betwe5 ! po9ts ( c>bon1 & a brilliant :ite light is emitt$ by ! :ite hot po9ts ( ! c>bon electrodes4 ,ruhm] imm$iately made ! arc s]ve z a telephone receiv] & speak by utiliz+ ! pulsat+ curr5t ( a telephone transmitt] to v>y ! curr5t supply+ ! arc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ach4--;,circuit %[+ h[ a s++ arc is arrang$4 ,! arc c\ld ?us be made to s+1 :i/le or reproduce music & ! human voice p]fectly1 if ! s\nds 7 cle>ly convey$ into ! transmitt]4 ,fur!r inve/igations %[$ t e alt]ation ( curr5t caus$ by ! action ( ! transmitt] also caus$ an alt]ation 9 ! int5sity ( ! light & radiation ( ! lamp4 ,! speak+ arc c\ld !re=e be us$ z a p]fect photophone transmitt] by direct+ ! rays t[>d ! receiv+ /ation ) ! aid ( a p>abolic reflector4 ,9 #aijb ,ruhm] p]=m$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 ,g]many on ! ,wannsee1 ne> ,b]l94 ,a l>ge motorboat1 ! ,g]mania1 0 fitt$ ) an electric se>*light connect$ ) a microphone1 s z to =m a speak+ arc4 ,! receiv+ /ation 0 locat$ on ! %ore1 s t ! di/ance betwe5 ! /ations c\ld be easily enl>g$ by mov+ ! boat4 ,! receptor 0 an ord9>y sel5ium cell1 plac$ at ! focus ( a l>ge reflector & connect$ ) a telephone receiv] & batt]y4 ,no difficulty 0 enc\nt]$ 9 reproduc+ ! spee* ov] v>y+ di/ances up to ab\t ?ree miles4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,wireless ,,telephone4 ,! applications ( any ( ! wireless telephone sy/ems ?us f> describ$ are v limit$1 = at ! be/ !y only op]ate "u ! mo/ favorable conditions1 & !n ov] r limit$ di/ances4 ,9 ! case ( any sy/em :]eby ! spee* mu/ be transmitt$ ov] a beam ( light1 ! great result+ limitations are t ! transmission c only take place 9 a /raight l9e ov] wat] or cle> c\ntry1 & t /ormy wea!r or a fog w int]rupt communication4 ,none ( ^! objections are pres5t1 h[ev]1 :5 rec\rse is _h to ,h]tzian1 or electromagnetic waves4 ,wireless transmission ( spee* has !re=e foll[$ 9 ! wake ( wireless telegraphy1 & ! me?ods & app>atus employ$ are v simil>4 ,"s :o h foll[$ ! text closely might reasonably ask :y x w\ld n be possible to e/abli% wireless telephony by simply connect+ a telephone transmitt] 9 "s mann] to an ord9>y wireless telegraph1 & by direct+ spee* into ! latt]1 v>y ! /r5g? ( ! oscillations emitt$4 ,su* a sy/em1 at fir/ ?\ght1 seems v plausible1 & _m exp]im5t]s h devis$ c\ntless me?ods try+ to atta9 ?is result1 only to meet ) ultimate failure4 ,! reason is v simple4 ,suppose t an induction coil1 hav+ a high-spe$ int]ruptor1 & !re=e able to produce a v rapid /ream ( sp>ks at ! gap1 is connect$ to ! a]ial & gr\nd 9 ! usual mann] & a telephone transmitt] plac$ 9 s]ies ) ! gr\nd wire4 ,:5 ! coil is set 9 op]ation ! sp>ks jump across ! gap1 ea* sp>k sett+ up a tra9 ( oscillations4 ,if spee* is convey$ into ! transmitt]1 ! resi/ance 9 ! pa? ( ! oscillations w be v>i$ & correspond+ly also ! /r5g? ( ! waves emitt$4 ,! s\nds w be reproduc$ to a c]ta9 ext5t by ! receptor4 ,:i/l+1 c]ta9 musical tones1 & words conta9+ _m v[els are sometimes he>d 9 ! receptor1 ) suffici5t di/9ctness to be recognizable4 ,! voice _c1 h[ev]1 be he>d at all times1 & ! sy/em is ( no real value o!r ?an an int]e/+ exp]im5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aci4--;,a logical =m ( wireless telephone :i* is impracticable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adj4--;,de ,=e/ wireless telephone equipm5t4 ,! reason is v simple & readily expla9$4 ,= ! sake ( cle>ness we w suppose t ! spe$ ( ! int]ruptor atta*$ to ! coil is #ajj p] second4 ,x w !re=e produce #ajj sp>ks p] second at ! sp>k gap if ! electrodes are close toge!r4 ,! passage ( ! sp>ks is n cont9u\s1 ea* "o only occupy+ a v small space ( "t4 ,! pause betwe5 ea* is v di/9ct1 al?\gh x c\ld n be detect$ ) ! nak$ eye4 ,! t5 /raight l9es 9 ,fig4 #ada repres5t t5 sp>ks :i* cov] a p]iod ( "o-t5? ( a second1 s9ce !y pass at ! rate ( #ajj p] second4 ,ea* sp>k produces a tra9 ( oscillations1 :i* surge back & =? 9 ! a]ial1 rapidly dy+ out1 h[ev]1 or becom+ damp$ 9 ! mann] already expla9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ada4-,wireless telephone receiv+ app>atus 7induction me?od74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adb4--;,fess5d5 wireless telephone transmitt+ phonograph music4 ,x may n[ readily be realiz$ t !re are long pauses betwe5 ! sp>ks :5 !re are no oscillations 9 ! a]ial1 &1 consequ5tly1 no electromagnetic waves pass+ betwe5 ! transmitt] & receptor dur+ ^? p]iods4 ,! wavy l9e1 ,c1 repres5ts ! vibrations ( ! human voice :5 produc+ spee*4 ,"p ( x has be5 repres5t$ by a cont9u\s l9e1 & "p by a dott$ l9e4 ,! portions repres5t$ by ! dott$ l9e occur :5 !re are no oscillations 9 ! a]ial1 & consequ5tly ^! portions are n transmitt$4 ,! cont9u\s portions are ! only ones rea*+ ! receptor4 ,lit]ally1 !re are holes 9 ! voice1 & ! result is a jumble ( s\nds1 sometimes be>+ a resemblance to spee*1 b usually untranslatable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adc4--;,diagram illu/rat+ ! reason :y damp$ oscillations w n c>ry ! voice4 ,! fault lies 9 ! me?od ( produc+ ! oscillations :i* are damp$ & !re=e d n exi/ cont9u\sly4 ,if !y c\ld be made to keep on sw++ & at a suffici5tly high spe$ s t _! tone w\ld be inaudible & n confuse ! spee*1 ! problem w\ld be solv$4 ,9 o!r words1 ?ree ?+s are necess>y = ! successful op]ation ( a wireless telephone4 #a4 ,a means ( produc+ & radiat+ a /ream ( undamp5$ electrical waves suffici5tly cont9u\s to transmit ! upp] h>monics ( ! voice1 on :i* ! quality & recognition ( ! spee* dep5ds4 #b4 ,means = v>y+ or modulat+ ! /ream ( electrical waves 9 accordance ) ! s\nd waves4 #c4 ,a receiv]1 cont9u\sly responsive & capable ( correspond+ ) suffici5t rapidity to ! spee* h>monics4 ,9 ord] to obta9 ! desir$ result1 rec\rse is _h to an arc lamp z a g5]ator ( undamp$ high frequ5cy oscillations4 ,:5 an arc is prop]ly connect$ ) a cond5s] & an imp$ance coil x w emit a musical note4 ,! note is due to rapid *anges 9 ! arc1 a v important factor :i* l$ to its recognition z a a value 9 wireless telephony4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #add4--;,h[ ! s\nd waves ( ! voice are impress$ ^u undamp$ oscillations4 ,:5 ! cond5s] & inductance are %unt$ across an arc suppli$ ) direct curr5t1 ! cond5s] imm$iately becomes *>g$1 & ! curr5t ?r\gh ! arc is dim9i%$4 ,! pot5tial diff]5ce across ! latt] is !re=e in/antly increas$1 t5d+ to fur!r *>ge ! cond5s]4 ,?is increase ( *>ge reacts on ! arc1 increas+ its curr5t4 ,! cond5s] dis*>ges1 ?r\gh ! inductance coil1 & becomes *>g$ 9 ! opposite direction1 j l a spr+1 :i* releas$1 goes beyond its normal position & !n returns4 ,! op]ation is repeat$ _m times p] second 7usually ov] #a1jjj1jjj71 sett+ up p]si/5t undamp$ oscillations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ade4--;,arrangem5t ( ! speak+ arc4 ,p]haps a bett] conception ( h[ x is possible = a cont9u\s curr5t1 su* z t :i* supplies ! arc1 to *ange into alt]nat+ curr5t1 vibrat+ backw>d & =w>d1 may be ga9$ by comp>ison ) ! /eady =w>d motion ( a viol9 b[1 :i* produces a to & fro motion ( ! /r+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adf4--;,diagram %[+ h[ a wireless telephone transmitt+ sy/em is arrang$4 ,x 0 lat] discov]$ by ,p\ls5 t if "o ( ! arc electrodes 0 kept cool by mak+ x ( copp] & pass+ wat] ?r\gh x t ! effici5cy 0 greatly increas$4 ,a fur!r improvem5t 0 obta9$ by burn+ ! arc 9 an atmosph]e ( coal gas or hydrog54 ,by surr\nd+ ! arc ) a p[]ful magnetic field1 its resi/ance is greatly increas$ & ! voltage rais$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adg4--,p\ls5 wireless telephone equipm5t4 ,! cond5s] %unt$ ar\nd ! are usually consi/s ( a numb] ( metal plates1 plac$ above "o ano!r 9 a tank ( insulat+ oil4 ,! inductance is simply a s+le helix or b>e wire4 ,by connect+ a telephone transmitt] to ! arc 9 ! same mann] t x is connect$ to ! speak+ arc1 ! oscillations c be v>i$ 9 accordance ) ! vibrations ( ! voice4 ,! app>atus is connect$ to ! a]ial & ! e>? ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a loose-c\pl$ helix1 =m$ by provid+ ! helix 9 s]ies ) ! arc & cond5s]1 ) a second>y w9d+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adh4--,! ,majorana wireless telephone transmitt]4 ,! ord9>y c>bon transmitt]1 9 its common =m1 is unsuit$ = wireless telephonic "w1 on acc\nt ( its inability to h&le l>ge am\nts ( p[]4 ,_m modifications h be5 design$1 ! usual proc$ure be+ to make x on a l>g] scale4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ =ms1 & also probably ! be/1 is t devis$ by an ,italian inv5tor1 ,majorana4 ,its action w be cle> f ! illu/ration4 ,t is a tube 9 :i* wat] or "s o!r liquid is all[$ to fl[ 9 ! direction ( ! arr[4 ,! bottom ( ! tube is contract$ s t ! /ream w issue 9 a f9e jet4 ,! tube is made ( /rong1 rigid mat]ial1 except at "o po9t1 ,d1 :]e an op5+ is cov]$ ) a ?9 ela/ic diaphragm4 ,?is diaphragm is connect$ by means ( a %ort rod to a second diaphragm1 :i* is provid$ ) a m\?piece4 ,! wat] normally fl[s out ( ! jet 9 a smoo?1 unbrok5 column1 break+ into drops at ab\t ! po9t ,a4 ,z soon z x is di/urb$ 9 any way1 h[ev]1 ! di/ance f ! outlet ( ! tube & ! po9t :]e ! drops comm5ce becomes %ort5$4 ,! vibrations ( ! voice1 ?r[n into ! m\?piece & /rik+ ! diaphragm1 are transmitt$ to ! membrane ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! little rod1 & s cause correspond+ *anges 9 ! pressure ( ! fluid 9 ! tube4 ,ea* v>iation or di/urbance 9 ! pressure increases or decreases ! l5g? ( ! /ream be=e x breaks into drops4 ,a pair ( f9e wires are ins]t$ 9 ! /ream :]e ! contractions are ! /ronge/4 ,connection is e/abli%$ betwe5 ! wires by ! liquid4 ,if ! /ream is n>r[ its resi/ance w be great] ?an if x 7 exp&$ at t po9t4 ,! contract$ portion ( ! liquid w jump up & d[n ) ! vibrations ( ! voice1 & ?us alt] ! am\nt ( curr5t fl[+4 ,! receiv+ app>atus consi/s ( "s =m ( detector & a telephone receiv] & batt]y4 ,! usual =m ( detector employ$ is ! electrolytic4 ,! curr5ts g5]at$ 9 ! receiv+ a]ial by ! incom+ waves v>y 9 amplitude ) ^? ( ! transmitt+ a]ial1 &1 be+ 9 p]fect accordance ) ! vibrations convey$ into ! transmitt]1 cause ! detector & telephone transmitt] to reproduce ! spee* p]fectly4 ,exp]im5ts 9 wireless telephony h develop$ an int]e/+ type ( detector1 kn[n z ! ,audion4 ,?is consi/s ( a six-volt1 l[-c&lep[]1 inc&esc5t lamp1 hav+ a small1 nickel plate fa/5$ a %ort di/ance f ! filam5t1 & a grid b5t f wire plac$ midway betwe5 ! two4 ,:5 ! filam5t is light$ f a batt]y1 x ?r[s (f a /ream ( extremely small p>ticles *>g$ ) electricity & call$ ions4 ,^! ions pass ?r\gh ! grid & dis*>ge aga9/ ! plate4 ,:5 ! a]ial is connect$ to ! grid1 & ! plate to ! gr\nd1 ! /ream ( ions c>ries t "p ( ! alt]nat+ curr5t 9 ! a]ial :i* fl[s 9 ! same direction1 across1 b does n all[ ! curr5t t5d+ to pass 9 ! opposite direction4 ,9 reality x is a valve1 or rectifi]1 op5+ "o way & clos+ ! o!r2 ?us *ang+ ! curr5t into an int]mitt5t1 direct curr5t1 capable ( manife/+ itself 9 a telephone receiv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adi4--,%[+ ! bru% dis*>ge f a ,m>coni transatlantic a]ial at night4 ,! ,audion is a v s5sitive device1 & is mu* employ$ = wireless telephone purposes4 ,) su* a sy/em x has be5 f\nd possible to transmit spee* & music to a di/ance ( two hundr$ miles4 ,9 fact1 ev5 great] di/ances h be5 cov]$1 & !re does n seem to be any good reason :y x is limit$ to any range4 ,transmission by wireless telephone is consid]ably m di/9ct ?an by wire l9e1 & ! f9e inflections ( ! voice are br\ght out mu* bett]4 ,unlike ! ord9>y l9e telephone1 no rumbl+ or ro>+ noises are he>d :i* confuse ! spee*1 & !re is absolute sil5ce 9 ! wireless telephone receiv]1 except :5 talk+ is go+ on4 ,any noises or s\nds produc$ 9 ! transmitt+ /ation1 su* z walk+ ab\t ! room1 or ! brea?+ ( ! p]son speak+ into ! transmitt]1 are reproduc$ fai?fully at ! receiv+ /ation _m miles away4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,rem>ks4 ,,!ory4 ,,accompli%m5ts4 ,,maxwell',s ,,h]tz',s ,,discov]y4 ,,! ,,future4 ,! hi/ory ( wireless telegraphy & telephony is a /rik+ example ( h[ x is possible = sci5ti/s labor+ 9 ! field ( pure rese>* & /imulat$ by accumulat$ k & imag9ation to arrive at discov]ies ( ! mo/ vital importance4 ,he9ri* ,h]tz & ,cl]k ,maxwell 9 exp]im5tal ef=t to atta9 o!r results unwitt+ly laid ! f\ndation ( ?is art4 ,9 #ahfg ,maxwell propos$ ! !ory t light is n m]e me*anical motion ( ! e!r1 b consi/s ( electrical undulations4 ,^! undulations are p>tly magnetic & p>tly electrical4 ,moreov]1 accord+ to ! !ory1 ! ph5om5a ( electromagnetism & also t ( light are due to c]ta9 modes ( motion 9 ! e!r1 electric curr5ts1 & magnetism1 be+ due to :irls1 or body displacem5ts 9 ! sub/ance ( ! e!r1 :ile light is due to vibrations to & fro4 ,tw5ty ye>s lat] ,h]tz discov]$ ! mo/ conv9c+ exp]im5tal pro(s ( ,maxwell's wond]ful !ory1 & succe$$ 9 produc+ electromagnetic waves 9 su* a mann] t _! propagation ?r\gh space c\ld be exam9$1 & x readily %[$ t :ile !y 7 mu* long] ?an ! ord9>y waves ( light1 !y possess$ ! same prop]ties1 7 capable ( be+ reflect$1 pol>iz$1 refract$1 etc41 & travel$ at ! same spe$4 ,! waves t ,h]tz produc$ are ! electromagnetic or ,h]tzian waves ( radiotelegraphy4 ,_m ?\s& comm]cial wireless /ations dot ! face ( ! e>?4 ,daily "t signals1 wea!r reports & /orm w>n+s fla% to %ips f> out 9 ! ocean f gov]nm5t obs]vatories4 ,late at night1 9 ! midnight h\rs1 :5 ! _w is asleep1 p[]ful l& /ations comm5ce to :isp] press dispat*es1 & ! next morn+ ! ocean daily1 conta9+ ! same news z our morn+ pap]1 is laid on ! breakfa/ table ( ! ocean greyh\nd4 ,a di/ress signal s5ds rev5ue cutt]s scurry+ along ! coa/1 & br+s rescue to hundr$s ( imp]il$ lives4 ,! ,navy ,dep>tm5t issues an ord]1 & a few m9utes lat] x is 9 ! h&s ( ! comm&+ (fic] ( a fleet1 a ?\s& miles away4 ,wireless l9ks two cont95ts across a table1 & yet ?is wond]ful app>atus is s simple t a sixte5-ye>-old boy c build in/rum5ts ) a little guidance & li/5 to a f>-di/ant /ation1 #a1ejj miles away1 spell out its news4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aej4--;,an amateur wireless telegraph /ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aea4--,! high-p[] ,naval wireless telegraph /ation "u con/ruction at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,wireless telegraphy is "p ( ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s4 ,! wireless telephone is practical = limit$ di/ance1 b is n a comm]cial rival ( ! telegraph4 ,great di/ances are claim$1 b !y are matt]s = pro( & speculation4 ,!re is no imm$iate possibility t wireless telephony w take ! place ( local ex*anges4 ,if ! "t ev] does come t x 9 any way t5ds to supplant ! l9e telephone = "s uses1 x is m ?an probable t ea* subscrib] mu/ h 8 own g5]at+ /ation & call up direct4 ,!re is a v decid$ field ( opportunity = wireless telephony = long-di/ance "w4 ,! pres5t sy/ems ( long-di/ance wires are v exp5sive to con/ruct & ma9ta91 & are subject to ! :ims ( /orms & ! elem5ts4 ,wireless telephones w n only transmit ! spee* m cle>ly & di/9ctly1 b h ! fur!r advantages t ! initial co/ is v mu* l[] ?an t ( wire l9es1 ! ma9t5ance is almo/ nil 9 comp>ison1 ! depreciation is small]1 ! numb] ( employees requir$ is less1 & a break-d[n is limit$ to ! inside ( ! /ation1 :]e x c\ld be quickly rem$i$ by ! sub/itution ( a duplicate sp>e piece ( app>atus4 ,fur!rmore1 no fran*ises or rights ( way w\ld ne$ to be pur*as$4 ,no s]i\s difficulty w\ld be enc\nt]$ because ( int]f]5ce4 ,wireless telephony1 l wireless telegraphy1 b to an ev5 great] ext5t1 is peculi>ly suit$ = ! conveyance ( m>9e intellig5ce4 ,wireless telephony occupies a unique position 9 ?is reg>d-no op]ator is requir$4 ,! additional exp5se ( an op]ator is an objection to ! wireless telegraph 9 _m cases1 & =bids its in/allation4 ,anybody c op]ate ! wireless telephone4 ,x is also mu* quick]-words c be spok5 m rapidly ?an !y c be put into ,morse signals & translat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aeb4----,! curv$ l9es repres5t ! radius ( ! gov]nm5t high p[] wireless /ations & %[ ! zones ov] :i* direct communication may be _h ) %ips4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aec4--,! a]ial sy/em ( a transatlantic /ation4 ,! wireless telephone enables a pass5g] on bo>d %ip to communicate direct ) 8 home by relay+ ! message ov] ! l9e wires4 ,by ! same means ! capta9 ( a %ip c call 8 home (fice & communicate ) ! own] ( ! vessel4 ,telegraphs & telephones are ! n]ves ( ! _w1 c>ry+ swift messages f its bra9 c5t]s to its h&s1 annihilat+ di/ance 9 ?\ght4 ,all diff]5ces betwe5 m5 z individuals & p z nations c be trac$ to ! lack ( close contact4 ,r$uce or annihilate all di/ance 9 ?\ght & action1 & mank9d w\ld possess unb\nd$ opportunities = peaceful economic & heal?ful developm5t4 ,no =ce m vital ?an ! possibilities ( wireless has ev] pres5t$ itself or c\ld be dem&$ to atta9 su* an end4 ,su* a /atem5t1 9 ! light ( actual developm5ts1 might ev5 be consid]$ cons]vative1 & is nei!r absurd nor ! dream ( a vivid imag9ation4 ,! greate/ ob/acle to all ef=ts 9 radically new directions is ! resi/ance ( ! human race4 ,! antagonism ( prejudice & skepticism c only disappe> :5 ! _w z a :ole grasps a new pro( & le>ns to appreciate x4 ,in]tia mu/ be ov]come1 & ! great masses set to ?9k+ & /riv+ t[>d an end be=e ! awe+ g5ie f9ally bur/s =? & amazes ! ,aladd9s ( sci5ce4 ,)9 ! memory ( old] m5 & wom5 are prim]s ( sci5ce1 :i* speculate ab\t ! developm5ts ( electrical =ce1 & gu>d$ly discuss its possibilities4 ,& n[1 electricity--?is my/]i\s ag5t-has multipli$ ! muscul> /r5g? ( man a billion times4 ,! tasks ( ,h]cules are n[ b *ores to be accompli%$ by ! clos+ ( a swit*4 ,mighty riv]s ro> ?r\gh intake & turb9e to drive ! :eels ( indu/ry 9 a di/ant city & turn ! night into day4 ,any attempt to *ronicle all ! applications ( ?is wondr\s p[] w\ld be absurd4 ,su* is electricity to-day4 ,only a few ye>s ago ,langley laun*$ 8 fam\s a]odrome ov] ! wat]s ( ! ,potomac1 :ile ! _w /ood by & sne]$1 ridicul$ a man ^: "w is n[ "o ( ! classics ( a]onautical lit]ature1 & sc(f$ at a ma*9e ^: pr9ciples embodi$ ! conclusions ( ye>s ( c>eful ?\ght & sci5tific ef=t4 ,a decade lat] & a]oplanes h become a liv+ reality4 ,a man & a little frame ( /icks & canvas c ?r[ (f ! fett]s ( gravity & g so>+ dizzily two miles up into ! blue sky1 & d>+ m1 come skimm+ & div+ back to e>? ) motor dead4 ,su* wond]s only came to pass1 h[ev]1 :5 numb]s ( m5 accept$ ! problem z "o to be solv$ by try+1 & b5t _! en]gies t[>d its solution4 ,sci5ce has n rea*$ ! limits ( its res\rces4 ,x nev] w4 ,! art ( wireless may always be emb>rass$ by novelty 9 _m directions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aed4-;,fong ,yee1 a ,*9ese amateur wireless op]ator at ,oakl&1 ,cal41 :o is also an aviator & has be5 summon$ home by ! republican ,*9ese gov]nm5t to demon/rate app>atus ( 8 own inv5tion to ! ,*9ese army4 ,"o ( ! greate/ /eps =w>d t[>d ! day :5 me?ods & appliances reg>d$ z p]man5t z ! m\nta9s w pass & be consid]$ only z ! curi\s remnants ( a crud] age is ! int]e/ ( #bjj1jjj wireless amateurs 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"s ( ^! w develop into m5 :o w br+ "s ( ! wond]s ( ! future to _! full fruition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aee4--,tesla _w p[] plant 7exp]im5tal /ation74 ,:at is ?is great *ange t c be coolly & precisely =eca/8 ,along :at l9es w ^! wond]ful developm5ts come8 ,! answ] is wireless-n ! wireless ( a ,m>coni or a ,de ,=e/1 b ! wireless ( a ,tesla--( high pot5tial magnify+ transmitt]s-( nodes & loops--( oscillatory curr5ts t leave _! conductors beh9d-! wireless ( ! day :5 a sy/em is introduc$ enabl+ any p]son to rea* any o!r on ! globe1 n simply ?r\gh a spok5 ^w or ?\ght convey$1 b visually a p]fect transmission ( images :i* w enable "o p]son to see ano!r1 z ?\gh t o!r 7 by 8 side-wireless ( a "t :5 ! great op]ations ( comm]ce & indu/ry w be vitaliz$ by huge wireless p[] /ations1 turn+ ! ma*9]y ( factories1 light+ cities1 or s5d+ swift a]oplanes & %ips d>t+ to ! f>!/ po9ts ( ! e>?4 ,( c\rse1 !re may be some?+ ( ! dramatic 9 su* ass]tions1 b !y are f\nd$ ^u sci5tific facts1 &1 if imag9>y1 are sci5tifically imag9>y4 ,! wond]ful my/]ies ( oscillatory curr5ts1 ^: natural m$ium is ! e!r1 curr5ts :i* object to be+ conf9$ to wires & cables1 & defy all ord9>y laws2 curr5ts t w melt masses ( metal ) ! viol5ce ( an explosion1 b yet pass ?r\gh ! human body )\t produc+ any s5sation2 curr5ts t w in/antly manife/ !mselves #b1jjj miles away f _! s\rce1 ) no visible means ( propagation1 are ! op5 sesame to ! treasures ( a wond]ful future4 ,!re are _m places 9 ! _w :]e wat] p[] is available capable ( g5]at+ almo/ unlimit$ electrical en]gy4 ,! pres5t difficulty ly+ 9 ! way ( its utilization is ! limitation ( electrical transmission by wire1 = n only is ! co/ ( long l9es ( copp] trem5d\s1 b p[] c only be c>ri$ 9 ?is mann] = limit$ di/ances4 ,c5tral di/ribut+ wireless p[] /ations c\ld s5d ! p[] ( ,niag>a1 :i* alone might be made to supply a fif? ( all ! p[] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! en]gy ( ,victoria to ! ends ( ! e>? ) little loss4 ,! ,great ,falls ( ,zambesi1 9 ! he>t ( ,africa1 c\ld be made to run ! subway tra9s1 ! factories1 lights1 railroads1 f]ries1 trucks1 heat]s1 etc41 9 t va/1 mo/ complex1 mo/ bewild]+ & inspir+ city ( ! ,we/]n ,_w1 ! ,city ( ,new ,york4 ,ocean vessels w\ld no long] c>ry ?\s&s ( tons ( coal1 locomotives w\ld n :eeze & c\gh a trail ( soot & smoke ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 *imneys w\ld cease to bel*1 & a]oplanes w\ld travel sil5tly & swiftly ov]head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aef4--,tw5ty-five foot sp>ks f a ,tesla trans=m]4 ,x is easy1 9 ! face ( c]ta9 facts1 to conjure up situations :i* w\ld be pleasant & make = ! bett]m5t ( ! _w4 ,any "o ^: imag9ation is vivid en\gh c make a pr$iction1 b :5 ! great tru? is accid5tally reveal$1 or exp]im5tally confirm$1 z ! case may be1 & r5d]$ absolutely sure ( accompli%m5t1 w its incalculable consequ5ces cont9ue to baffle ! imag9ation & c>ry u fur!r into ! l& ( wond]m5t8 ,only ! future kn[s4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,books ,,= ,,home ,,/udy ,,opportunity ,,practical ,,sci5tific ,,te*nical ,,ea* ,,book ,,9 ,,?is ,,catalogue ,,is ,,writt5 ,,by ,,an ,,exp]t ,,& ,,is ,,writt5 ,,s ,,y ,,c ,,und]/& ,,x ,,! ,,norman ,w4 ,,h5ley ,,publi%+ ,,company ,publi%]s ( ,sci5tific & ,practical ,books #acb ,nassau ,/reet ,new ,york1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,any book 9 ?is ,catalogue s5t prepaid on receipt ( price4 ,,catalogue ,,( ,,good1 ,,practical ,,books ,,automobile ,,! ,,mod]n ,,gasol9e ,,automobile-,,its ,,design1 ,,con/ruction1 ,,ma9t5ance ,,& ,,repair4 ,by ,,victor ,w4 ,,page1 ,m4 ,e4 ,! late/ & mo/ complete treatise on ! ,gasol9e ,automobile ev] issu$4 ,writt5 9 simple language by a recogniz$ au?ority1 famili> ) e bran* ( ! automobile indu/ry4 ,free f te*nical t]ms4 ,ev]y?+ is expla9$ s simply t anyone ( av]age intellig5ce may ga9 a compreh5sive k ( ! gasol9e automobile1 ,! in=mation is up-to-date & includes1 9 addition to an exposition ( pr9ciples o con/ruction & description ( all types ( automobiles & _! compon5ts1 valuable money-sav+ h9ts on ! c>e & op]ation ( motor c>s propell$ by int]nal combu/ion eng9es4 ,among "s ( ! subjects treat$ might be m5tion$3 ,torp$o & o!r symmetrical body =ms design$ to r$uce air resi/ance2 sleeve valve1 rot>y valve & o!r types ( sil5t motors2 increas+ t5d5cy to favor worm-ge> p[]-transmission2 univ]sal application ( magneto ignition2 developm5t ( automobile electric-light+ sy/ems2 block motors2 und]slung *assis2 application ( practical self-/>t]s2 long /roke & (fset cyl9d] motors2 late/ automatic lubrication sy/ems2 sil5t *a9s = valve op]ation & *ange-spe$ ge>+2 ! use ( front :eel brakes & _m o!r detail ref9em5ts4 ,by a c>eful /udy ( ! pages ( ?is book "o c ga9 practical k ( automobile con/ruction t w save "t1 money & worry4 ,! book tells y j :at to d1 h[ & :5 to d x4 ,no?+ has be5 omitt$1 no detail has be5 slight$4 ,e "p ( ! automobile1 its equipm5t1 accessories1 tools1 supplies1 sp>e p>ts necess>y1 etc41 h be5 discuss$ compreh5sively4 ,if y are or int5d to become a motori/1 or are 9 any way int]e/$ 9 ! mod]n ,gasol9e ,automobile1 ?is is a book y _c af=d to be )\t ,ne>ly #fjj #f x #i pages--& m ?an #ejj new & specially made detail illu/rations z well z _m full page & d\ble page plates1 %[+ all p>ts ( ! automobile4 ,includ+ n9e l>ge fold+ plates4 ,price #b4ej ,,balloons ,,& ,,fly+ ,,ma*9es ,,model ,,balloons ,,& ,,fly+ ,,ma*9es4 ,,) ,a ,,%ort ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,progress ,,( ,,aviation4 ,by ,j4 ,h4 ,,alex&]4 ,?is book has be5 writt5 ) a view to assi/ ^? :o desire to con/ruct a model air%ip or fly+ ma*9e4 ,x conta9s five fold+ plates ( work+ draw+s1 ea* %eet conta9+ a diff]5t siz$ ma*9e4 ,mu* in/ruction & amusem5t c be obta9$ f ! mak+ & fly+ ( ^! models4 ,a %ort acc\nt ( ! progress ( aviation is includ$1 :i* w r5d] ! book ( great] int]e/4 ,sev]al illu/rations ( full siz$ air%ip & fly+ ma*9es ( ! late/ types are scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! text4 ,?is practical "w gives data1 work+ draw+s1 & details :i* w assi/ mat]ially ^? int]e/$ 9 ! problems ( flight4 #abg pages1 #de illu/rations1 #e fold+ plates4 ,price #a4ej ,,braz+ ,,& ,,sold]+ ,,braz+ ,,& ,,sold]+4 ,by ,,james ,f4 ,,hob>t4 ,! only book t %[s y j h[ to h&le any job ( braz+ or sold]+ t comes along2 tells y :at mixture to use1 h[ to make a furnace if y ne$ "o4 ,full ( valuable k9ks4 ,! fif? edition ( ?is book has j be5 publi%$1 & to x mu* new matt] & a l>ge numb] ( te/$ =mulas = all k9ds ( sold]s & fluxes h be5 add$4 ,illu/rat$4 #be c5ts4 ,,*>ts ,,mod]n ,,subm>9e ,,*>t ,,) #bjj ,,p>ts ,,numb]$ ,,& ,,nam$4 ,a cross-section view1 %[+ cle>ly & di/9ctly all ! int]ior ( a ,subm>9e ( ! late/ type4 ,y get m in=mation f ?is *>t1 ab\t ! con/ruction & op]ation ( a ,subm>9e1 ?an 9 any o!r way4 ,no details omitt$-ev]y?+ is accurate & to scale4 ,x is absolutely correct 9 e detail1 hav+ be5 approv$ by ,naval ,eng9e]s4 ,all ! ma*9]y & devices fitt$ 9 a mod]n ,subm>9e ,boat are %[n1 & to make ! engrav+ m readily und]/ood all ! features are %[n 9 op]ative =m1 ) ,(fic]s & ,m5 9 ! act ( p]=m+ ! duties assign$ to !m 9 s]vice conditions4 ,?is ,,*>t ,,is ,,really ,,an ,,encyclop$ia ,,( ,a ,,subm>9e4 ,x is educational & wor? _m times its co/4 ,mail$ 9 a ,tube = #be c5ts4 ,,box ,,c> ,,*>t4 ,a *>t %[+ ! anatomy ( a box c>1 hav+ e "p ( ! c> numb]$ & its prop] "n giv5 9 a ref]5ce li/4 #bj c5ts4 ,,gondola ,,c> ,,*>t4 ,a *>t %[+ ! anatomy ( a gondola c>1 hav+ e "p ( ! c> numb]$ & its prop] ref]5ce "n giv5 9 a ref]5ce li/4 #bj c5ts4 ,,pass5g] ,,c> ,,*>t4 ,a *>t %[+ ! anatomy ( a pass5g] c>1 hav+ e "p ( ! c> numb]$ & its prop] "n giv5 9 a ref]5ce li/4 #bj c5ts4 ,,we/+h\se ,,air-,,brake ,,*>ts4 ,*>t ,i4--,%[s 79 colors7 ! mo/ mod]n ,we/+h\se ,high ,spe$ & ,signal ,equipm5t us$ on ,pass5g] ,eng9es1 ,pass5g] ,eng9e ,t5d]s1 & ,pass5g] ,c>s4 ,*>t ,,ii4--,%[s 79 colors7 ! ,/&>d ,we/+h\se ,equipm5t = ,freight & ,swit* ,eng9es1 ,freight & ,swit* ,eng9e ,t5d]s1 & ,freight ,c>s4 ,price = ! set #ej c5ts4 ,,tractive ,,p[] ,,*>t4 ,a *>t :]eby y c f9d ! tractive p[] or drawb> pull ( any locomotive1 )\t mak+ a figure4 ,%[s :at cyl9d]s are equal1 h[ driv+ :eels & /eam pressure affect ! p[]4 ,:at siz$ eng9e y ne$ to ex]t a giv5 drawb> pull or any?+ y desire 9 ?is l9e4 #ej c5ts4 ,,horse ,,p[] ,,*>t4 ,%[s ! horse p[] ( any /ation>y eng9e )\t calculation4 ,no matt] :at ! cyl9d] diamet] ( /roke2 ! /eam pressure or cut-(f2 ! revolutions1 or :e!r cond5s+ or non-cond5s+1 x's all !re4 ,easy to use1 accurate1 & saves "t & calculations4 ,especially useful to eng9e]s & design]s4 #ej c5ts4 ,,boil] ,,room ,,*>t4 ,by ,,geo4 ,l4 ,,f[l]4 ,a ,*>t-size #ad x #bh in*es-%[+ 9 isometric p]spective ! me*anisms belong+ 9 a mod]n boil] room4 ,wat] tube boil]s1 ord9>y grates & me*anical /ok]s1 fe$ wat] heat]s & pumps comprise ! equipm5t4 ,! v>i\s p>ts are %[n brok5 or remov$1 s t ! int]nal con/ruction is fully illu/rat$4 ,ea* "p is giv5 a ref]5ce numb]1 & ^!1 ) ! correspond+ "n1 are giv5 9 a gloss>y pr9t$ at ! sides4 ,?is *>t is really a diction>y ( ! boil] room--! names ( m ?an #bjj p>ts be+ giv54 ,x is educational-wor? _m times its co/4 #be c5ts4 ,,civil ,,eng9e]+ ,,h5ley',s ,,encyclop$ia ,,( ,,practical ,,eng9e]+ ,,& ,,alli$ ,,trades4 ,edit$ by ,,joseph ,g4 ,,horn]1 ,a4 ,m4 ,i4 ,e4 ,m4 ,?is set ( five volumes conta9s ab\t #b1ejj pages ) ?\s&s ( illu/rations1 includ+ diagrammatic & sectional draw+s ) full explanatory details44 ,?is "w cov]s ! entire practice ( ,civil & ,me*anical ,eng9e]+4 ,! be/ kn[n exp]ts 9 all bran*es ( eng9e]+ h contribut$ to ^! volumes4 ,! ,cyclop$ia is admirably well adapt$ to ! ne$s ( ! beg9n] & ! self-taught practical man1 z well z ! me*anical eng9e]1 design]1 draftsman1 %op sup]9t5d5t1 =eman1 & ma*9i/4 ,! "w w be f\nd a means ( advancem5t to any progressive man4 ,x is encyclop$ic 9 scope1 ?or\gh & practical 9 its treatm5t ( te*nical subjects1 simple & cle> 9 its descriptive matt]1 & )\t unnecess>y te*nicalities or =mulae4 ,! articles are z brief z may be & yet give a reasonably cle> & explicit /atem5t ( ! subject1 & are writt5 by m5 :o h _h ample practical exp]i5ce 9 ! matt]s ( :i* !y write4 ,x tells y all y want to "k ab\t eng9e]+ & tells x s simply1 s cle>ly1 s concisely1 t "o _c help b und]/&4 ,z a "w ( ref]5ce x is )\t a pe]4 #f4jj p] s+le volume4 ,= complete set ( five volumes1 #be4jj ,,coke ,,coke-,,mod]n ,,cok+ ,,practice2 ,,includ+ ,,! ,,analysis ,,( ,,mat]ials ,,& ,,products4 ,by ,t4 ,h4 ,,byrom & ,j4 ,e4 ,,*ri/oph]4 ,a h&book = ^? engag$ 9 ,coke manufacture & ! recov]y ( ,by-products4 ,fully illu/rat$ ) fold+ plates1 ,x has be5 ! aim ( ! au?ors1 9 prep>+ ?is book1 to produce ore :i* %all be ( use & b5efit to ^? :o are associat$ )1 or int]e/$ 91 ! mod]n developm5ts ( ! indu/ry4 ,cont5ts3 ,i4 ,introductory4 ,,ii4 ,g5]al ,classification ( ,fuels4 ,,iii4 ,coal ,wa%+4 ,,iv4 ,! ,sampl+ & ,valuation ( ,coal1 ,coke1 etc4 ,v4 ,! ,calorific ,p[] ( ,coal & ,coke4 ,,vi4 ,coke ,ov5s4 ,,vii3 ,coke ,ov5s1 cont9u$4 ,,viii4 ,coke ,ov5s1 cont9u$4 ,,ix4 ,*>g+ & ,dis*>g+ ( ,coke ,ov5s1 ,x4 ,cool+ & ,cond5s+ ,plant4 ,,xi4 ,gas ,exhau/]s4 ,,xii4 ,composition & ,analysis ( ,ammoniacal ,liquor4 ,,xiii4 ,work+-up ( ,ammoniacal ,liquor4 ,,xiv4 ,treatm5t ( ,wa/e ,gases f ,sulphate ,plants4 ,,xv4 ,valuation ( ,ammonium ,sulphate4 ,,xvi4 ,direct ,recov]y ( ,ammonia f ,coke ,ov5 ,gases4 ,,xvii4 ,surplus ,gas f ,coke ,ov54 ,useful ,tables4 ,v fully illu/rat$4 ,price #c4ej net4 ,,compress$ ,,air ,,compress$ ,,air ,,9 ,,all ,,its ,,applications4 ,by ,,g>dn] ,d4 ,,hiscox4 ,?is is ! mo/ complete book on ! subject ( ,air t has ev] be5 issu$1 & its ?irty-five *apt]s include ab\t e phase ( ! subject "o c ?9k (4 ,x may be call$ an encyclop$ia ( compress$ air4 ,x is writt5 by an exp]t1 :o1 9 its #ffe pages1 has dealt ) ! subject 9 a compreh5sive mann]1 no phase ( x be+ omitt$4 ,includes ! physical prop]ties ( air f a vacuum to its highe/ pressure1 its !rmodynamics1 compression1 transmission & uses z a motive p[]2 9 ! ,op]ation ( ,/ation>y & ,portable ,ma*9]y1 9 ,m9+1 ,air ,tools1 ,air ,lifts1 ,pump+ ( ,wat]1 ,acids1 & ,oils2 ! ,air ,bla/ = ,clean+ & ,pa9t+1 ! ,s& ,bla/ & its ,"w1 & ! ,num]\s ,appliances 9 :i* ,compress$ ,air is a ,mo/ ,conv5i5t & ,economical ,transmitt] ( ,p[] = ,me*anical ,"w1 ,railway ,propulsion1 ,refrig]ation1 & ! ,v>i\s ,uses to :i* ,compress$ ,air has be5 appli$4 ,includes =ty-f\r tables ( ! physical prop]ties ( air1 its compression1 expansion1 & volumes requir$ = v>i\s k9ds ( "w1 & a li/ ( pat5ts on compress$ air f #ahge to date4 ,ov] #ejj illu/rations1 #e? ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$4 ,clo? b\nd1 #e4jj4 ,half ,morocco1 price4 #f4ej ,,concrete ,,ornam5tal ,,concrete ,,)\t ,,molds4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,! process = mak+ ornam5tal concrete )\t molds has long be5 held z a secret1 & n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 ?is process is giv5 to ! public4 ,! book reveals ! secret & is ! only book publi%$ :i* expla9s a simple1 practical me?od :]eby ! concrete work] is enabl$1 by employ+ wood & metal templates ( diff]5t designs1 to mold or model 9 concrete any ,cornice1 ,ar*ivolt1 ,column1 ,p$e/al1 ,base ,cap1 ,urn or ,pi] 9 a monoli?ic =m-"r ^u ! job4 ,^! may be mold$ 9 units or blocks1 & !n built up to suit ! specifications dem&$4 ,?is "w is fully illu/rat$1 ) detail$ engrav+s4 ,price #b4jj ,,concrete ,,f ,,s& ,,molds4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,a ,practical ,"w treat+ on a process :i* has h]et(ore be5 held z a trade-secret by ! few :o possess$ x1 & :i* w successfully mold e & any class ( ornam5tal concrete "w4 ,! process ( mold+ concrete ) s& molds is ( ! utmo/ practical value1 possess+ ! manifold advantages ( a l[ co/ ( molds1 ! ease & rapidity ( op]ation1 p]fect details to all ornam5tal designs1 d5sity1 & increas$ /r5g? ( ! concrete1 p]fect cur+ ( ! "w )\t att5tion & ! easy removal ( ! molds reg>dless ( any und]cutt+ ! design may h4 #aib pages4 ,fully illu/rat$4 ,price #b4jj ,,concrete ,,wall ,,=ms4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,a new automatic wall clamp is illu/rat$ ) work+ draw+s4 ,o!r types ( wall =ms1 clamps1 sep>ators1 etc41 are also illu/rat$ & expla9$4 #ej c5ts4 ,,concrete ,,floors ,,& ,,sidewalks4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,! molds = mold+ squ>es1 hexagonal & _m o!r /yles ( mosaic floor & sidewalk blocks are fully illu/rat$ & expla9$4 #ej c5ts4 ,,practical ,,concrete ,,silo ,,con/ruction4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,complete work+ draw+s & specifications are giv5 = sev]al /yles ( concrete silos1 ) illu/rations ( molds = monoli?ic & block silos4 ,! tables1 data & in=mation pres5t$ 9 ?is book are ( ! utmo/ value 9 plann+ & con/ruct+ all =ms ( concrete silos4 #ej c5ts4 ,,mold+ ,,concrete ,,*imneys1 ,,slate ,,& ,,ro( ,,tiles4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,! manufacture ( all types ( concrete slate & ro( tile is fully treat$4 ,valuable data on all =ms ( re9=c$ concrete ro(s are conta9$ )9 its pages4 ,! con/ruction ( concrete *imneys by block & monoli?ic sy/ems is fully illu/rat$ & describ$4 numb] ( ornam5tal designs ( *imney con/ruction ) molds are %[n 9 ?is valuable treatise4 #ej c5ts4 ,,mold+ ,,& ,,cur+ ,,ornam5tal ,,concrete4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,! prop] proportions ( cem5t & aggregates = v>i\s f9i%es1 also ! me?ods ( ?or\ghly mix+ & plac+ 9 ! molds1 are fully treat$4 ,an exhau/ive treatise on ?is subject t e concrete work] w f9d ( daily use & value4 #ej c5ts4 ,,concrete ,,monum5ts1 ,,mausoleums ,,& ,,burial ,,vaults4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,! mold+ ( concrete monum5ts to imitate ! mo/ exp5sive cut /one is expla9$ 9 ?is treatise1 ) work+ draw+s ( easily built molds4 ,cutt+ inscriptions & designs is also fully treat$4 #ej c5ts4 ,,mold+ ,,concrete ,,ba? ,,tubs1 ,,aqu>iums ,,& ,,natatoriums4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,simple molds & in/ruction are giv5 = mold+ _m /yles ( concrete ba? tubs1 swimm+ pools1 etc4 ,^! molds are easily built & p]mit rapid & successful "w4 #ej c5ts4 ,,concrete ,,bridges1 ,,culv]ts ,,& ,,sew]s4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,a numb] ( ornam5tal concrete bridges ) illu/rations ( molds are giv54 ,a collapsible c5t] or core = bridges1 culv]ts & sew]s is fully illu/rat$ ) detail$ in/ructions = build+ #ej c5ts4 ,,con/ruct+ ,,concrete ,,por*es4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,a numb] ( designs ) work+ draw+s ( molds are fully expla9$ s any "o c easily con/ruct diff]5t /yles ( ornam5tal concrete por*es )\t ! pur*ase ( exp5sive molds4 #ej c5ts4 ,,mold+ ,,concrete ,,fl[] ,,pots1 ,,boxes1 ,,j>d9i]es1 ,,etc4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,! molds = produc+ _m orig9al designs ( fl[] pots1 urns1 fl[] boxes1 j>d9ires1 etc41 are fully illu/rat$ & expla9$1 s ! work] c easily con/ruct & op]ate same4 #ej c5ts4 ,,mold+ ,,concrete ,,f\nta9s ,,& ,,lawn ,,ornam5ts4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,! mold+ ( a numb] ( designs ( lawn seats1 curb+1 hit*+ po/s1 p]golas1 sun dials & o!r =ms ( ornam5tal concrete = ! ornam5tation ( lawns & g>d5s1 is fully illu/rat$ & describ$4 #ej c5ts4 ,,concrete ,,= ,,! ,,f>m ,,& ,,%op4 ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,h\ghton4 ,! mold+ ( dra9 tile1 tanks1 ci/]ns1 f5ce po/s1 /able floors1 hog & p\ltry h\ses & all ! purposes = :i* concrete is an invaluable aid to ! f>m] are numb]$ among ! cont5ts ( ?is h&y volume4 #ej c5ts4 ,,popul> ,,h&book ,,= ,,cem5t ,,& ,,concrete ,,us]s4 ,by ,,myron ,h4 ,,lewis1 ,?is is a concise treatise ( ! pr9ciples & me?ods employ$ 9 ! manufacture & use ( cem5t 9 all classes ( mod]n works4 ,! au?or has br\ght toge!r 9 ?is "w all ! sali5t matt] ( int]e/ to ! us] ( concrete & its _m div]sifi$ products4 ,! matt] is pres5t$ 9 logical & sy/ematic ord]1 cle>ly writt51 fully illu/rat$ & free f involv$ ma!matics4 ,ev]y?+ ( value to ! concrete us] is giv5 includ+ k9ds ( cem5t employ$ 9 con/ruction1 concrete ar*itecture1 inspection & te/+1 wat]pro(+1 color+ & pa9t+1 rules1 tables1 work+1 & co/ data4 ,! book comprises ?irty-?ree *apt]s1 z foll[s3 ,introductory4 ,k9ds ( ,cem5ts & ,h[ ,!y are ,made4 ,prop]ties1 ,te/+ & ,requirem5ts ( ,hydraulic ,cem5t4 ,concrete & its ,prop]ties4 ,s&1 ,brok5 ,/one & ,gravel = ,concrete4 ,h[ to ,proportion ! ,mat]ials4 ,h[ to ,mix & ,place ,concrete4 ,=ms = ,concrete ,con/ruction4 ,! ,ar*itectural & ,arti/ic ,possibilities ( ,concrete4 ,concrete ,resid5ces4 ,mort>s1 ,pla/]s & ,/ucco & ,h[ to ,use ,!m4 ,! ,arti/ic ,treatm5t ( ,concrete ,surfaces4 ,concrete ,build+ ,blocks4 ,! ,mak+ ( ,ornam5tal ,concrete4 ,concrete ,pipes1 ,f5ces1 ,po/s1 ,etc4 ,ess5tial ,features & ,advantages ( ,re5=c$ ,concrete4 ,h[ to ,design ,re5=c$ ,concrete ,beams1 ,slabs & ,columns4 ,explanations ( ! ,me?ods & ,pr9ciples 9 ,design+ ,re5=c$ ,concrete ,beams & ,slabs4 ,sy/ems ( ,re5=cem5t ,employ$4 ,re5=c$ ,concrete 9 ,factory & ,g5]al ,build+ ,con/ruction4 ,concrete 9 ,f\ndation ,"w4 ,concrete ,reta9+ ,walls1 ,abutm5ts1 & ,bulkheads4 ,concrete ,ar*es & ,ar* ,bridges4 ,concrete ,beam & ,gird] ,bridges4 ,concrete 9 ,sew]age & ,dra9age ,works4 ,concrete ,tanks1 ,dams & ,res]voirs4 ,concrete ,sidewalks1 ,curbs & ,pavem5ts4 ,concrete 9 ,railroad ,con/ructions4 ,! ,utility ( ,concrete on ! ,f>m4 ,! ,wat]pro(+ ( ,concrete ,/ructure4 ,gr\t or ,liquid ,concrete & ,its ,use4 ,inspection ( ,concrete ,"w4 ,co/ ( ,concrete ,"w4 ,"s ( ! special features ( ! book are3 #a4 ,! ,att5tion ,paid to ! ,arti/ic & ,ar*itectural ,side ( ,concrete ,"w4 #b4 ,! ,au?oritative ,treatm5t ( ! ,problem ( ,wat]pro(+ ,concrete4 #c4 ,an ,excell5t ,summ>y ( ! ,rules to be ,foll[$ 9 ,concrete ,con/ruction4 #d4 ,! ,valuable ,co/ ,data & ,useful ,tables giv54 ,a valuable ,addition to ! ,libr>y ( ,e ,cem5t & ,concrete ,us]4 ,price #b4ej ,,wat]pro(+ ,,concrete4 ,by ,,myron ,h4 ,,lewis4 ,mod]n ,me?ods ( ,wat]pro(+ ,concrete & ,o!r ,/ructures4 ,a cond5s$ /atem5t ( ! ,pr9ciples1 ,rules1 & ,precautions to be ,obs]v$ 9 ,wat]pro(+ & ,damp-pro(+ ,/ructures & ,/ructural ,mat]ials4 ,pap] b9d+4 ,illu/rat$4 ,price #ej c5ts4 ,,diction>ies ,,/&>d ,,electrical ,,diction>y4 ,by ,t4 ,o',,conor ,,sloane4 ,an indisp5sable "w to all int]e/$ 9 electrical sci5ce4 ,suitable alike = ! /ud5t & pr(essional4 ,a practical h&-book ( ref]5ce conta9+ def9itions ( ab\t #e1jjj di/9ct words1 t]ms & phrases4 ,! def9itions are t]se & concise & include e t]m us$ 9 electrical sci5ce4 ,rec5tly issu$4 ,an entirely new edition4 ,%\ld be 9 ! possession ( all :o desire to keep abrea/ ) ! progress ( ?is bran* ( sci5ce4 ,complete1 concise & conv5i5t4 #fhb pages4 #cic illu/rations4 ,price #c4jj ,,dies-,,metal ,,"w ,,dies3 ,,_! ,,con/ruction ,,& ,,use ,,= ,,! ,,mod]n ,,work+ ,,( ,,%eet ,,metals4 ,by ,j4 ,v4 ,,woodwor?4 ,a mo/ useful book1 & "o :i* %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( all engag$ 9 ! press work+ ( metals2 treat+ on ! ,design+1 ,con/ruct+1 & ,use ( ,tools1 ,fixtures & ,devices1 toge!r ) ! mann] 9 :i* !y %\ld be us$ 9 ! ,p[] ,press1 = ! *eap & rapid production ( ! great v>iety %eet metal articles n[ 9 use4 ,x is design$ z a guide to ! production ( %eet metal p>ts at ! m9imum ( co/ ) ! maximum ( output4 ,! h>d5+ & temp]+ ( ,press tools & ! classes ( "w :i* may be produc$ to ! be/ advantage by ! use ( dies 9 ! p[] press are fully treat$4 ,its #eje illu/rations %[ dies1 press fixtures & %eet metal work+ devices1 ! descriptions ( :i* are s cle> & practical t all metal-work+ me*anics w be able to und]/& h[ to design1 con/ruct & use !m4 ,_m ( ! dies & press fixtures treat$ 7 ei!r con/ruct$ by ! au?or or "u 8 sup]vision4 ,o!rs 7 built by skilful me*anics & are 9 use 9 l>ge %eet metal e/abli%m5ts & ma*9e %ops4 ,price #c4jj ,,pun*es1 ,,dies ,,& ,,tools ,,= ,,manufactur+ ,,9 ,,presses4 ,by ,j4 ,v4 ,,woodwor?4 ,?is "w is a companion volume to ! au?or's elem5t>y "w entitl$ ,dies1 ,_! ,con/ruction & ,use4 ,x does n g into ! details ( die mak+ to ! ext5t ( ! au?or's previ\s book1 b gives a compreh5sive review ( ! field ( op]ations c>ri$ on by presses4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! in=mation giv5 has be5 drawn f ! au?or's p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,x might well be t]m$ an ,encyclop$ia ( ,die ,mak+4 ,pun* ,mak+1 ,die ,s9k+1 ,%eet ,metal ,work+1 & ,mak+ ( ,special ,tools1 ,sub-presses1 ,devices & ,me*anical ,comb9ations = ,pun*+1 ,cutt+1 ,b5d+1 ,=m+1 ,pi]c+1 ,draw+1 ,compress+ & ,assembl+ ,%eet ,metal ,p>ts1 & also ,articles ( o!r ,mat]ials 9 ,ma*9e ,tools4 #bnd ,edition4 ,price4 #d4jj ,,drop ,,=g+1 ,,die ,,s9k+ ,,& ,,ma*9e ,,=m+ ,,( ,,/eel4 ,by ,j4 ,v4 ,,woodwor?4 ,?is is a practical treatise on ,mod]n ,%op ,practice1 ,processes1 ,me?ods1 ,ma*9es1 ,tools1 & ,details1 treat+ on ! ,hot & ,cold ,ma*9e-,=m+ ( ,/eel & ,iron into ,f9i%$ %apes2 ,toge!r ) ,tools1 ,dies1 & ,ma*9]y involv$ 9 ! manufacture ( ,duplicate ,=g+s & ,int]*angeable ,hot & ,cold ,press$ ,p>ts f ,b> & ,%eet ,metal4 ,?is book fills a dem& ( long /&+ = in=mation reg>d+ drop =g+1 die-s9k+ & ma*9e =m+ ( /eel & ! %op practice involv$1 z x actually exi/s 9 ! mod]n drop =g+ %op4 ,! processes ( die-s9k+ & =ce-mak+1 :i* are ?or\ghly describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ?is admirable "w1 are r>ely to be f\nd expla9$ 9 su* a cle> & concise mann] z is "h set =?4 ,! process ( die-s9k+ relates to ! engrav+ or s9k+ ( ! female or l[] dies1 su* z are us$ = drop =g+s1 hot & cold ma*9e =g+1 sw$g+ & ! press work+ ( metals4 ,! process ( =ce-mak+ relates to ! engrav+ or rais+ ( ! male or upp] dies us$ 9 produc+ ! l[] dies = ! press-=m+ & ma*9e-=g+ ( duplicate p>ts ( metal4 ,9 addition to ! arts above m5tion$ ! book conta9s explicit in=mation reg>d+ ! drop =g+ & h>d5+ plants1 designs1 conditions1 equipm5t1 drop hamm]s1 =g+ ma*9es1 etc41 ma*9e =g+1 hydraulic =g+1 autog5\s weld+ & %op practice4 ,! book conta9s elev5 *apt]s1 & ! in=mation conta9$ 9 ^! *apt]s is j :at w prove mo/ valuable to ! =g$ metal work]4 ,all op]ations describ$ 9 ! "w are ?or\ghly illu/rat$ by means ( p]spective half-tones & outl9e sket*es ( ! ma*9]y employ$4 #cjj detail$ illu/rations4 ,price #b4ej ,,draw+-,,sket*+ ,,pap] ,,l9e> ,,p]spective ,,self-,,taught4 ,by ,,h]man ,t4 ,c4 ,,kraus4 ,?is "w gives ! !ory & practice ( l9e> p]spective1 z us$ 9 ar*itectural1 eng9e]+1 & me*anical draw+s4 ,p]sons tak+ up ! /udy ( ! subject by !mselves w be able by ! use ( ! in/ruction giv5 to readily grasp ! subject1 & by reasonable practice become good p]spective draftsm54 ,! arrangem5t ( ! book is good2 ! plate is on ! left-h&1 :ile ! descriptive text foll[s on ! opposite page1 s z to be readily ref]r$ to4 ,! draw+s are on suffici5tly l>ge scale to %[ ! "w cle>ly & are pla9ly figur$4 ,! :ole "w makes a v complete c\rse on p]spective draw+1 & w be f\nd ( great value to ar*itects1 civil & me*anical eng9e]s1 pat5t attorneys1 art design]s1 engrav]s1 & draftsm54 #b4ej ,,practical ,,p]spective4 ,by ,,ri*>ds & ,,colv94 ,%[s j h[ to make all k9ds ( me*anical draw+s 9 ! only practical p]spective isometric4 ,makes ev]y?+ pla9 s t any me*anic c und]/& a sket* or draw+ 9 ?is way4 ,saves "t 9 ! draw+ room1 & mi/akes 9 ! %ops4 ,conta9s practical examples ( v>i\s classes ( "w4 #crd ,edition4 #ej c5ts4 ,,self-,,taught ,,me*anical ,,draw+ ,,& ,,elem5t>y ,,ma*9e ,,design4 ,by ,f4 ,l4 ,,sylve/]1 ,m4,e41 ,draftsman1 ) additions by ,,erik ,,ob]g1 associate editor ( ,ma*9]y4 ,?is is a practical treatise on ,me*anical ,draw+ & ,ma*9e ,design1 compris+ ! fir/ pr9ciples ( geometric & me*anical draw+1 work%op ma!matics1 me*anics1 /r5g? ( mat]ials & ! calculations & design ( ma*9e details4 ,! au?or's aim has be5 to adapt ?is treatise to ! requirem5ts ( ! practical me*anic & "y draftsman & to pres5t ! matt] 9 z cle> & concise a mann] z possible4 ,to meet ! dem&s ( ?is class ( /ud5ts1 practically all ! important elem5ts ( ma*9e design h be5 dealt )1 & 9 addition algebraic =mulas h be5 expla9$1 & ! elem5ts ( trigonometry treat$ 9 ! mann] be/ suit$ to ! ne$s ( ! practical man4 ,! book is divid$ into #bj *apt]s1 & 9 arrang+ ! mat]ial1 me*anical draw+1 pure & simple1 has be5 tak5 up fir/1 z a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ! pr9ciples ( repres5t+ objects facilitates ! fur!r /udy ( me*anical subjects4 ,?is is foll[$ by ! ma!matics necess>y = ! solution ( ! problems 9 ma*9e design :i* are pres5t$ lat]1 & a practical introduction to !oretical me*anics & ! /r5g? ( mat]ials4 ,! v>i\s elem5ts ent]+ into ma*9e design1 su* z cams1 ge>s1 sprocket :eels1 cone pulleys1 bolts1 screws1 c\pl+s1 clut*es1 %aft+ & fly:eels h be5 treat$ 9 su* a way z to make possible ! use ( ! "w z a textbook = a cont9u\s c\rse ( /udy4 ,x is easily compreh5d$ & assimilat$ ev5 by /ud5ts ( limit$ previ\s tra9+4 #ccj pages1 #bae engrav+s4 ,price4 #b4jj ,a ,,new ,,sket*+ ,,pap]4 ,a new specially rul$ pap] to enable y to make sket*es or draw+s 9 isometric p]spective )\t any figur+ or fuss+4 ,x is be+ us$ = %op details z well z = assembly draw+s1 z x makes "o sket* d ! "w ( ?ree1 & no workman c help see+ j :at is want$4 ,pads ( #dj %eets1 #f x #i in*es1 #be c5ts4 ,pads ( #dj %eets1 #i x #ab in*es4 #ej c5ts2 #dj %eets1 #ab x #ah1 ,price #a4jj4 ,,electricity ,,ari?metic ,,( ,,electricity4 ,by ,pr(4 ,t4 ,o',,conor ,,sloane4 ,a practical treatise on electrical calculations ( all k9ds r$uc$ to a s]ies ( rules1 all ( ! simple/ =ms1 & involv+ only ord9>y ari?metic2 ea* rule illu/rat$ by "o or m practical problems1 ) detail$ solution ( ea* "o4 ,?is book is class$ among ! mo/ useful works publi%$ on ! sci5ce ( electricity cov]+ z x does ! ma!matics ( electricity 9 a mann] t w attract ! att5tion ( ^? :o are n famili> ) algebraical =mulas4 #bj? ,edition4 #afj pages4 ,price #a4jj ,,commutator ,,con/ruction4 ,by ,,wm4 ,,baxt]1 ,,jr4 ,! bus9ess end ( any dynamo or motor ( ! direct curr5t type is ! commutator4 ,?is book goes into ! design+1 build+1 & ma9t5ance ( commutators1 %[s h[ to locate tr\bles & h[ to rem$y !m2 ev]yone :o fusses ) dynamos ne$s ?is4 #be c5ts4 ,,dynamo ,,build+ ,,= ,,amateurs1 ,,or ,,h[ ,,to ,,con/ruct ,a ,,fifty-,,watt ,,dynamo4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,j4 ,,we$1 ,memb] ( ,n4 ,y4 ,electrical ,society4 ,a practical treatise %[+ 9 detail ! con/ruction ( a small dynamo or motor1 ! entire ma*9e "w ( :i* c be done on a small foot la!4 ,dim5sion$ work+ draw+s are giv5 = ea* piece ( ma*9e "w & ea* op]ation is cle>ly describ$4 ,?is ma*9e1 :5 us$ z a dynamo1 has an output ( fifty watts2 :5 us$ z a motor x w drive a small drill press or la!4 ,x c be us$ to drive a sew+ ma*9e on any & all ord9>y "w4 ,! book is illu/rat$ ) m ?an sixty orig9al engrav+s %[+ ! actual con/ruction ( ! diff]5t p>ts4 ,among ! cont5ts are *apt]s on #a4 ,fifty ,watt ,dynamo4 #b4 ,side ,be>+ ,rods4 #c4 ,field ,pun*+s4 #d4 ,be>+s4 #e4 ,commutator4 #f4 ,pulley4 #g4 ,bru% ,hold]s4 #h4 ,connection ,bo>d4 #i4 ,armature ,%aft4 #aj4 ,armature4 #aa4 ,armature ,w9d+4 #ab4 ,field ,w9d+4 #ac4 ,connect+ & ,/>t+4 ,price1 pap]1 #ej c5ts4 ,clo?4 #a4jj4 ,,electric ,,furnaces ,,& ,,_! ,,indu/rial ,,applications4 ,by ,j4 ,,wright ,?is is a book :i* w prove ( int]e/ to _m classes ( p2 ! manufactur] :o desires to "k :at product c be manufactur$ successfully 9 ! electric furnace1 ! *emi/ :o wi%es to po/ himself on ! electro-*emi/ry1 & ! /ud5t ( sci5ce :o m]ely looks into ! subject f curiosity4 ,! book is n s sci5tific z to be ( use only to ! te*nologi/1 nor s unsci5tific z to suit only ! tyro 9 electro-*emi/ry2 x is a practical treatise ( :at has be5 done1 & ( :at is be+ done1 bo? exp]im5tally & comm]cially ) ! electric furnace4 ,9 important processes n only are ! *emical equations giv51 b complete !rmal data are set =? & bo? ! effici5cy ( ! furnace & ! co/ ( ! product are work$ out1 ?us giv+ ! "w a solid comm]cial value aside f its efficacy z a "w ( ref]5ce4 ,! practical features ( furnace build+ are giv5 ! space t ! subject des]ves4 ,! =ms & refractory mat]ials us$ 9 ! l9+s1 ! arrangem5t ( ! connections to ! electrodes1 & o!r important details are expla9$4 #bhh pages4 ,new ,revis$ ,edition4 ,fully illu/rat$4 ,price #c4jj ,,electric ,,light+ ,,& ,,heat+ ,,pocket ,,book4 ,by ,,sydney ,f4 ,,walk]4 ,?is book puts 9 conv5i5t =m useful in=mation reg>d+ ! app>atus :i* is likely to be atta*$ to ! ma9s ( an electrical company4 ,tables ( units & equival5ts are includ$ & useful electrical laws & =mulas are /at$4 ,"o section is devot$ to dynamos1 motors1 trans=m]s & accessory app>atus2 ano!r to accumulators1 ano!r to swit*bo>ds & relat$ equipm5t1 a f\r? to a description ( v>i\s sy/ems ( di/ribution1 a fif? section to a discussion ( in/rum5ts1 bo? = portable use & swit*bo>ds2 ano!r section deals ) electric lamps ( v>i\s types & accessory appliances1 & ! conclud+ section is giv5 up to electric heat+ app>atus4 ,9 ea* section a l>ge numb] ( comm]cial types are describ$1 frequ5t tables ( dim5sions be+ includ$4 ,a great deal ( detail in=mation ( ea*' l9e ( app>atus is giv5 & ! illu/rations %[n give a good idea ( ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! app>atus "u discussion4 ,! book also conta9s mu* valuable in=mation = ! c5tral /ation eng9e]4 #dch pages4 #cjj engrav+s4 ,b\nd 9 lea!r pocket book =m4 ,price #c4jj ,,electric ,,wir+1 ,,diagrams ,,& ,,swit*bo>ds4 ,by ,,newton ,,h>rison4 ,a ?or\ghly practical treatise cov]+ ! subject ( ,electric ,wir+ 9 all its bran*es1 includ+ explanations & diagrams :i* are ?or\ghly explicit & greatly simplify ! subject4 ,practical e-day problems 9 wir+ are pres5t$ & ! me?od ( obta9+ intellig5t results cle>ly %[n4 ,only ari?metic is us$4 ,ohm's law is giv5 a simple explanation ) ref]5ce to wir+ = direct & alt]nat+ curr5ts4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( drop ( pot5tial 9 circuits is %[n ) its v>i\s applications4 ,! simple circuit is develop$ ) ! position ( ma9s1 fe$]s & bran*es2 _! treatm5t z a "p ( a wir+ plan & _! employm5t 9 h\se-wir+ cle>ly illu/rat$4 ,"s simple facts ab\t te/+ are includ$ 9 connection ) ! wir+4 ,mold+ & conduit "w are giv5 c>eful consid]ation2 & swit*bo>ds are sy/ematically treat$1 built up & illu/rat$1 %[+ ! purpose !y s]ve1 = connection ) ! circuits1 & to %unt & comp\nd w\nd ma*9es4 ,! simple pr9ciples ( swit*bo>d con/ruction1 ! developm5t ( ! swit*bo>d1 ! connections ( ! v>i\s in/rum5ts includ+ ! lightn+ arre/]1 are also pla9ly set =?4 ,alt]nat+ curr5t wir+ is treat$1 ) explanations ( ! p[] factor1 conditions call+ = v>i\s sizes ( wire & a simple way ( obta9+ ! sizes = s+le-phase1 two-phase & ?ree-phase circuits4 ,?is is ! only complete "w issu$ %[+ & tell+ y :at y %\ld "k ab\t direct & alt]nat+ curr5t wir+4 ,x is a ready ref]5ce4 ,! "w is free f advanc$ te*nicalities & ma!matics1 ari?metic be+ us$ ?r\gh\t4 ,x is 9 e respect a h&y1 well-writt51 in/ructive1 compreh5sive volume on wir+ = ! wireman1 =eman1 contractor1 or electrician4 #bgb pages2 #aje illu/rations4 ,price #a4ej ,,electric ,,toy ,,mak+1 ,,dynamo ,,build+1 ,,& ,,electric ,,motor ,,con/ruction4 ,by ,,pr(4 ,t4 ,o',,conor ,,sloane4 ,?is "w treats ( ! mak+ at home ( electrical toys1 electrical app>atus1 motors1 dynamos & in/rum5ts 9 g5]al1 & is design$ to br+ )9 ! rea* ( "y & old ! manufacture ( g5u9e & useful electrical appliances4 ,! "w is especially design$ = amateurs & "y folks4 ,?\s&s ( our "y p are daily exp]im5t+1 & busily engag$ 9 mak+ electrical toys & app>atus ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,! pres5t "w is j :at is want$ to give ! mu* ne$$ in=mation 9 a pla91 practical mann]1 ) illu/rations to make easy ! c>ry+ out ( ! "w4 #ai? ,edition4 ,price #a4jj ,,electrician',s ,,h&y ,,book4 ,by ,,pr(4 ,t4 ,o',,conor ,,sloane4 ,?is "w ( #gfh pages is int5d$ = ! practical electrician :o has to make ?+s g4 ,! entire field ( electricity is cov]$ )9 its pages4 ,among "s ( ! subjects treat$ are3 ,! ,!ory ( ! ,electric ,curr5t & ,circuit1 ,electro-,*emi/ry1 ,prim>y ,batt]ies1 ,/orage ,batt]ies1 ,g5]ation & ,utilization ( ,electric ,p[]s1 ,alt]nat+ ,curr5t1 ,armature ,w9d+1 ,dynamos & ,motors1 ,motor ,g5]ators1 ,op]ation ( ! ,c5tral ,/ation ,swit*bo>ds1 ,safety ,appliances1 ,di/ribution ( ,electric ,light & ,p[]1 ,/reet ,ma9s1 ,trans=m]s1 ,arc & ,inc&esc5t ,light+1 ,electric ,measurem5ts1 ,photometry1 ,electric ,railways1 ,telephony1 ,bell-,wir+1 ,electro-,plat+1 ,electric ,heat+1 ,wireless ,telegraphy1 etc4 ,x conta9s no useless !ory2 ev]y?+ is to ! po9t4 ,x tea*es y j :at y want to "k ab\t electricity4 ,x is ! /&>d "w publi%$ on ! subject4 ,=ty-"o *apt]s1 #faj engrav+s1 h&somely b\nd 9 r$ lea!r ) title & edges 9 gold4 ,price3 #c4ej ,,electricity ,,9 ,,factories ,,& ,,work%ops1 ,,its ,,co/ ,,& ,,conv5i5ce4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,p4 ,,haslam4 ,a practical book = p[] produc]s & p[] us]s %[+ :at a conv5i5ce ! electric motor1 9 its v>i\s =ms1 has become to ! mod]n manufactur]4 ,x also deals ) ! conditions :i* det]m9e ! co/ ( electric driv+1 & comp>es ?is ) o!r me?ods ( produc+ & utiliz+ p[]4 ,among ! *apt]s conta9$ 9 ! book are3 ,! ,direct ,curr5t ,motor2 ,! ,alt]nat+ ,curr5t ,motor2 ,! ,/>t+ & ,spe$ ,regulation ( ,electric ,motors2 ,! ,rat+ & ,effici5cy ( ,electric ,motors2 ,! ,co/ ( ,en]gy z ,affect$ by ,conditions ( ,work+1 ,! ,"q = ! ,small ,p[] ,us]2 ,indep5d5t ,g5]at+ ,plants2 ,oil & ,gas ,eng9e ,plants2 ,/eam ,plants2 ,p[] ,/ation ,t>iffs2 ,! ,use ( ,electric ,p[] 9 ,textile ,factories2 ,electric ,p[] 9 ,pr9t+ ,works2 ,! ,use ( ,electric ,p[] 9 ,eng9e]+ ,work%ops ,miscellane\s ,application ( ,electric ,p[]2 ,! ,in/allation ( ,electric ,motors2 ,! ,light+ ( ,indu/rial ,e/abli%m5ts #cab pages4 ,v fully illu/rat$4 ,price #b4ej ,,electricity ,,simplifi$4 ,by ,,pr(4 ,t4 ,o',,conor ,,sloane4 ,! object ( ,electricity ,simplifi$ is to make ! subject z pla9 z possible & to %[ :at ! mod]n conception ( electricity is2 to %[ h[ two plates ( diff]5t metals imm]s$ 9 acid c s5d a message ar\nd ! globe2 to expla9 h[ a bundle ( copp] wire rotat$ by a /eam eng9e c be ! ag5t 9 light+ our /reets1 to tell :at ! volt1 ohm & amp]e are1 & :at high & l[ t5sion mean2 & to answ] ! que/ions t p]petually arise 9 ! m9d 9 ?is age ( electricity4 #agb pages4 ,illu/rat$4 ,price #a4jj ,,h\se ,,wir+4 ,by ,,?omas ,w4 ,,poppe4 ,?is "w describes & illu/rates ! actual in/allation ( ,electric ,light ,wir+1 ! mann] 9 :i* ! "w %\ld be done1 & ! me?od ( do+ x4 ,! book c be conv5i5tly c>ri$ 9 ! pocket4 ,x is int5d$ = ! ,electrician1 ,help] & ,appr5tice4 ,x solves all ,wir+ ,problems1 & conta9s no?+ t conflicts ) ! rul+s ( ! ,national ,bo>d ( ,fire ,und]writ]s4 ,x gives j ! in=mation ess5tial to ! ,successful ,wir+ ( a ,build+4 ,among ! subjects treat$ are3 ,locat+ ! ,met]4 ,panel ,bo>ds4 ,swit*es4 ,plug ,receptacles4 ,brackets4 ,ceil+ ,fixtures4 ,! ,met] ,connections4 ,! ,fe$ ,wires4 ,! ,/eel ,armor$ ,cable ,sy/em4 ,! ,flexible ,/eel ,conduit ,sy/em4 ,! ,ridig ,conduit ,sy/em4 ,a dige/ ( ! ,national ,bo>d ( ,fire ,und]writ]s' rules relat+ to metallic wir+ sy/ems4 ,v>i\s swit*+ arrangem5ts expla9$ & diagramm$4 ,! easie/ me?od ( te/+ ! ,?ree & ,f\r-way circuits expla9$4 ,! gr\nd+ ( all metallic wir+ sy/ems & ! reason = do+ s %[n & expla9$4 ,! insulation ( ! metal p>ts ( lamp fixtures & ! reason = ! same describ$ & illu/rat$4 #abe pages4 ,fully illu/rat$4 ,flexible clo?4 ,price #ej c5ts4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,a ,,successful ,,electrician4 ,by ,,pr(4 ,t4 ,o',,conor ,,sloane4 ,e "y man :o wi%es to become a successful electrician %\ld read ?is book4 ,x tells 9 simple language ! sure/ & easie/ way to become a successful electrician4 ,! /udies to be foll[$1 me?ods ( "w1 field ( op]ation & ! requirem5ts ( ! successful electrician are po9t$ out & fully expla9$4 ,e "y eng9e] w f9d ?is an excell5t /epp+-/one to m advanc$ works on electricity :i* he mu/ ma/] be=e success c be atta9$4 ,_m "y m5 become disc\rag$ at ! v out-/>t by attempt+ to read & /udy books t are f> beyond _! compreh5sion4 ,?is book s]ves z ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! rudim5ts taught 9 ! public s*ools & ! real /udy ( electricity4 ,x is int]e/+ f cov] to cov]4 ,fifte5? edition4 #bjb pages4 ,illu/rat$4 ,price #a4jj ,,managem5t ,,( ,,dynamos4 ,by ,,lummis-,,pat]son4 ,a h&book ( !ory & practice4 ,?is "w is arrang$ 9 ?ree p>ts4 ,! fir/ "p cov]s ! elem5t>y !ory ( ! dynamo4 ,! second "p1 ! con/ruction & action ( ! diff]5t classes ( dynamos 9 common use are describ$2 :ile ! ?ird "p relates to su* matt]s z affect ! practical managem5t & work+ ( dynamos & motors4 ,! foll[+ *apt]s are conta9$ 9 ! book3 ,electrical ,units2 ,magnetic ,pr9ciples2 ,!ory ( ! ,dynamo2 ,armature2 ,armature 9 ,practice2 ,field ,magnets2 ,field ,magnets 9 ,practice2 ,regulat+ ,dynamos2 ,c\pl+ ,dynamos2 ,in/allation1 ,runn+1 & ,ma9t5ance ( ,dynamos2 ,faults 9 ,dynamos2 ,faults 9 ,armatures2 ,motors4 #bib pages4 #aag illu/rations4 ,price #a4ej ,,/&>d ,,electrical ,,diction>y4 ,by ,t4 ,o',,conor ,,sloane4 ,an indisp5sable "w to all int]e/$ 9 electrical sci5ce4 ,suitable alike = ! /ud5t & pr(essional4 ,a practical h&-book ( ref]5ce conta9+ def9itions ( ab\t #e1jjj di/9ct words1 t]ms & phrases4 ,! def9itions are t]se & concise & include e t]m us$ 9 electrical sci5ce4 ,rec5tly issu$4 ,an entirely new edition4 ,%\ld be 9 ! possession ( all :o desire to keep abrea/ ) ! progress ( ?is bran* ( sci5ce4 ,9 its arrangem5t & typography ! book is v conv5i5t4 ,! ^w or t]m def9$ is pr9t$ 9 black-fac$ type :i* readily cat*es ! eye1 :ile ! body ( ! page is 9 small] b di/9ct type4 ,! def9itions are well word$1 & s z to be und]/ood by ! non-te*nical read]4 ,! g5]al plan seems to be to give an exact1 concise def9ition1 & !n amplify & expla9 9 a m popul> way4 ,synonyms are also giv51 & ref]5ces to o!r words & phrases are made4 ,a v complete & accurate index ( fifty pages is at ! end ( ! volume2 & z ?is index conta9s all synonyms1 & z all phrases are index$ 9 e reasonable comb9ation ( words1 ref]5ce to ! prop] place 9 ! body ( ! book is readily made4 ,x is difficult to decide h[ f> a book ( ?is "* is to keep ! diction>y =m1 & to :at ext5t x may assume ! encyclop$ia =m4 ,= "s purposes1 concise1 exactly word$ def9itions are ne$$2 = o!r purposes1 m ext5d$ descriptions are requir$4 ,?is book seeks to satisfy bo? dem&s1 & does x ) consid]able success4 ,complete1 concise1 & conv5i5t4 #fhb pages4 #cic illu/rations4 ,twelf? edition4 ,price #c4jj ,,swit*bo>ds4 ,by ,,william ,,baxt]1 ,,jr4 ,?is book appeals to e eng9e] & electrician :o wants to "k ! practical side ( ?+s4 ,x takes up all sorts & conditions ( dynamos1 connections & circuits & %[s by diagram & illu/ration j h[ ! swit*bo>d %\ld be connect$4 ,includes direct & alt]nat+ curr5t bo>ds1 also ^? = arc light+1 inc&esc5t1 & p[] circuits4 ,special treatm5t on high voltage bo>ds = p[] transmission4 #bnd ,edition4 #aij pages4 ,illu/rat$4 ,price #a4fj ,,telephone ,,con/ruction1 ,,in/allation1 ,,wir+1 ,,op]ation ,,& ,,ma9t5ance4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,radcliffe & ,h4 ,c4 ,cu%+4 ,?is book gives ! pr9ciples ( con/ruction & op]ation ( bo? ! ,bell & ,indep5d5t in/rum5ts2 approv$ me?ods ( in/all+ & wir+ !m2 ! means ( protect+ !m f lightn+ & abnormal curr5ts2 _! connection toge!r = op]ation z s]ies or bridg+ /ations2 & rules = _! inspection & ma9t5ance4 ,l9e wir+ & ! wir+ & op]ation ( special telephone sy/ems are also treat$4 ,intricate ma!matics are avoid$1 & all app>atus1 circuits & sy/ems are ?or\ghly describ$4 ,! app5dix conta9s def9itions ( units & t]ms us$ 9 ! text4 ,select$ wir+ tables1 :i* are v helpful1 are also includ$4 ,among ! subjects treat$ are ,con/ruction1 ,op]ation1 & in/allation ( ,telephone ,in/rum5ts1 ,inspection & ,ma9t5ance ( ,telephone ,in/rum5ts2 ,telephone ,l9e ,wir+2 ,te/+ ,telephone ,l9e ,wires & ,cables2 ,wir+ & ,op]ation ( ,special ,telephone ,sy/ems2 etc4 #ajj pages1 #abe illu/rations4 #a4jj ,,wireless ,,telegraphy ,,& ,,telephony ,,simply ,,expla9$4 ,by ,,alfr$ ,p4 ,,morgan4 ,?is is und\bt$ly "o ( ! mo/ complete & compreh5sible treatises on ! subject ev] publi%$1 & a close /udy ( its pages w enable "o to ma/] all ! details ( ! wireless transmission ( messages4 ,! au?or has fill$ a long felt want & has succe$$ 9 furni%+1 a lucid1 compreh5sible explanation 9 simple language ( ! !ory & practice ( wireless telegraphy & telephony4 ,among ! cont5ts are3 ,introductory2 ,wireless ,transmission & ,reception--,! ,a]ial ,sy/em1 ,e>? ,connections--,! ,transmitt+ ,app>atus1 ,sp>k ,coils & ,trans=m]s1 ,cond5s]s1 ,helixes1 ,sp>k ,gaps1 ,an*or ,gaps1 ,a]ial ,swit*es--,! ,receiv+ ,app>atus1 ,detectors1 etc4--,tun+ & ,c\pl+1 ,tun+ ,coils1 ,loose ,c\pl]s1 ,v>iable ,cond5s]s1 ,directive ,wave ,sy/ems-,miscellane\s ,app>atus3 ,telephone ,receiv]s1 ,range ( ,/ations1 ,/atic1 ,int]f]5ce ,wireless ,telephones1 ,s\nd & ,s\nd ,waves1 ,! ,vocal ,cords & ,e>--,wireless ,telephones1 ,h[ ,s\nds are *ang$ into ,electric ,waves ,wireless ,telephones1 ,! ,app>atus-,summ>y4 #bjj pages4 #aej engrav+s4 ,price #a4jj ,,wireless ,,telephones ,,& ,,h[ ,,!y ,,"w4 ,by ,,james ,,ersk9e-,,murray4 ,?is "w is free f elaborate details & aims at giv+ a cle> survey ( ! way 9 :i* ,wireless ,telephones "w4 ,x is int5d$ = amateur work]s & = ^? ^: k ( electricity is slight4 ,*apt]s conta9$3 ,h[ ,we ,he>2 ,hi/orical2 ,! ,conv]sion ( ,s\nd into ,electric ,waves2 ,wireless ,transmission2 ,! ,production ( ,alt]nat+ ,curr5ts ( ,high ,frequ5cy2 ,h[ ! ,electric ,waves are ,radiat$ & ,receiv$2 ,! ,receiv+ ,in/rum5ts2 ,detectors2 ,a*ievem5ts & ,expectations2 ,gloss>y ( ,te*nical ,words1 ,clo?4 ,price #a4jj ,,wir+ ,a ,,h\se4 ,by ,,h]b]t ,,pratt4 ,%[s a h\se already built2 tells j h[ to />t ab\t wir+ x2 :]e to beg92 :at wire to use2 h[ to run x accord+ to ,insurance ,rules2 9 fact j ! in=mation y ne$4 ,directions apply equally to a %op4 ,f\r? edition4 #be c5ts4 ,,factory ,,managem5t1 ,,etc4 ,,mod]n ,,ma*9e ,,%op ,,con/ruction1 ,,equipm5t ,,& ,,managem5t4 ,by ,o4 ,e4 ,,p]rigo1 ,m4,e4 ,! only "w publi%$ t describes ! mod]n ma*9e %op or manufactur+ plant f ! "t ! grass is gr[+ on ! site int5d$ = x until ! f9i%$ product is %ipp$4 ,by a c>eful /udy ( its ?irty-two *apt]s ! practical man may economically build1 effici5tly equip1 & successfully manage ! mod]n ma*9e %op or manufactur+ e/abli%m5t4 ,j ! book ne$$ by ^? contemplat+ ! erection ( mod]n %op build+s1 ! re-build+ & re-organization ( old ones1 or ! introduction ( mod]n %op me?ods1 "t & co/ sy/em4 ,x is a book writt5 & illu/rat$ by a practical %op man = practical %op m5 :o are too busy to read !ories & want facts4 ,x is ! mo/ complete all ar\nd book ( its k9d ev] publi%$4 ,x is a practical book = practical m51 f ! appr5tice 9 ! %op to ! presid5t 9 ! (fice4 ,x m9utely describes & illu/rates ! mo/ simple & yet ! mo/ effici5t "t & co/ sy/em yet devis$4 ,price #f4jj ,,fuel ,,combu/ion ,,( ,,coal ,,& ,,! ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,smoke4 ,by ,,wm4 ,m4 ,,b>r4 ,?is book has be5 prep>$ ) special ref]5ce to ! g5]ation ( heat by ! combu/ion ( ! common fuels f\nd 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & deals p>ticul>ly ) ! conditions necess>y to ! economic & smokeless combu/ion ( bitum9\s coals 9 ,/ation>y & ,locomotive ,/eam ,boil]s4 ,! pres5tation ( ?is important subject is sy/ematic & progressive4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! book is 9 a s]ies ( practical que/ions to :i* are app5d$ accurate answ]s1 :i* describe 9 language1 free f te*nicalities1 ! sev]al processes involv$ 9 ! furnace combu/ion ( ,am]ican fuels2 x cle>ly /ates ! ess5tial requisites = p]fect combu/ion1 & po9ts out ! be/ me?ods = furnace con/ruction = obta9+ ! greate/ quantity ( heat f any giv5 quality ( coal4 ,ne>ly #cej pages1 fully illu/rat$4 ,price #a4jj ,,smoke ,,prev5tion ,,& ,,fuel ,,economy4 ,by ,,boo? & ,,k]%aw4 ,a complete treatise = all int]e/$ 9 smoke prev5tion & combu/ion1 be+ bas$ on ! ,g]man "w ( ,ern/ ,s*matolla1 b x is m ?an a m]e translation ( ! ,g]man treatise1 mu* be+ add$4 ,! au?ors %[ z briefly z possible ! pr9ciples ( fuel combu/ion1 ! me?ods :i* h be5 & are at pres5t 9 use1 z well z ! prop] sci5tific me?ods = obta9+ all ! en]gy 9 ! coal & burn+ x )\t smoke4 ,consid]able space is also giv5 to ! exam9ation ( ! wa/e gases1 & sev]al ( ! repres5tative ,engli% & ,am]ican me*anical /ok] & simil> appliances are describ$4 ,! losses c>ri$ away 9 ! wa/e gases are ?or\ghly analyz$ & discuss$ 9 ! ,app5dix1 & ab/racts are also "h giv5 ( v>i\s pat5ts on combu/ion app>atus4 ,! book is complete & conta9s mu* ( value to all :o h *>ge ( l>ge plants4 #aid pages4 ,illu/rat$4 ,price #b4hj ,,gas ,,eng9es ,,& ,,gas ,,gasol9e ,,eng9es3 ,,_! ,,op]ation1 ,,use ,,& ,,c>e4 ,by ,a4 ,,hyatt ,,v]rill4 ,! ,simple/1 ,late/ & ,mo/ ,compreh5sive popul> "w publi%$ on ,gasol9e ,eng9es describ+ :at ! ,gasol9e eng9e is2 its con/ruction & op]ation2 h[ to in/all x2 h[ to select x2 h[ to use x & h[ to rem$y tr\bles enc\nt]$4 ,int5d$ = own]s1 ,op]ators & ,us]s ( ,gasol9e ,motors ( all k9ds4 ,?is "w fully describes & illu/rates ! v>i\s types ( ,gasol9e eng9es us$ 9 ,motor ,boats1 ,motor ,vehicles & ,/ation>y ,"w4 ,! p>ts1 accessories & ,appliances are describ$1 ) *apt]s on ignition1 fuel1 lubrication1 op]ation & eng9e tr\bles4 ,special att5tion is giv5 to ! c>e1 op]ation & repair ( motors ) useful h9ts & sugge/ions on em]g5cy repairs & make-%ifts4 ,a complete gloss>y ( te*nical t]ms & an alphabetically arrang$ table ( tr\bles & _! symptoms =m mo/ valuable & unique features ( ?is manual4 ,ne>ly e illu/ration 9 ! book is orig9al1 hav+ be5 made by ! au?or4 ,e page is full ( int]e/ & value4 ,a book :i* y _c af=d to be )\t4 #cbj pages4 ,ne>ly #aej specially made engrav+s4 ,price #a4ej ,,gas1 ,,gasol9e1 ,,& ,,oil ,,eng9es4 ,by ,,g>dn] ,d4 ,,hiscox4 ,j issu$1 #bj? revis$ & enl>g$ edition4 ,e us] ( a gas eng9e ne$s ?is book4 ,simple1 in/ructive1 & "r up-to-date4 ,! only complete "w on ! subject4 ,tells all ab\t ! runn+ & managem5t ( gas1 gasol9e & oil eng9es1 z design$ & manufactur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,explosive motors = /ation>y1 m>9e & vehicle p[] are fully treat$1 toge!r ) illu/rations ( _! p>ts & tabulat$ sizes1 also _! c>e & runn+ are includ$4 ,electric ignition by induction coil & jump sp>k' are fully expla9$ & illu/rat$1 includ+ valuable in=mation on ! te/+ = economy & p[] & ! erection ( p[] plants4 ,! rules & regulations ( ! ,bo>d ( ,fire ,und]writ]s 9 reg>d to ! in/allation & managem5t ( gasol9e motors is giv5 9 full1 sugge/+ ! safe in/allation ( explosive motor p[]4 ,a li/ ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5ts issu$ on gas1 gasol9e1 & oil eng9es & _! adjuncts f #ahge to date is includ$4 #dhd pages4 #daj engrav+s ,price #b4ej ,,mod]n ,,gas ,,eng9es ,,& ,,produc] ,,gas ,,plants4 ,by ,r4 ,e4 ,,ma?or1 ,m4,e4 ,a guide = ! gas eng9e design]1 us]1 & eng9e] 9 ! con/ruction1 selection1 pur*ase in/allation1 op]ation1 & ma9t5ance ( gas eng9es4 ,m ?an "o book on gas eng9es has be5 writt51 b n "o has ?us f> ev5 encroa*$ on ! field cov]$ by ?is book4 ,above all ,mr4 ,ma?or's "w is a practical guide4 ,recogniz+ ! ne$ ( a volume t w\ld assi/ ! gas eng9e us] 9 und]/&+ ?or\ghly ! motor ^u :i* he dep5ds = p[]1 ! au?or has discuss$ 8 subject )\t ! help ( any ma!matics & )\t elaborate !oretical explanations4 ,e "p ( ! gas eng9e is describ$ 9 detail1 t]sely1 cle>ly1 ) a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ! requirem5ts ( ! me*anic4 ,helpful sugge/ions z to ! pur*ase ( an eng9e1 its in/allation1 c>e1 & op]ation =m a mo/ valuable feature ( ! "w4 #cbj pages4 #age detail$ illu/rations4 ,price #b4ej ,,gas ,,eng9e ,,con/ruction1 ,,or ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,half-,,horse-,,p[] ,,gas ,,eng9e4 ,by ,,p>sell & ,,we$4 ,a practical treatise ( #cjj pages describ+ ! !ory & pr9ciples ( ! action ( ,gas ,eng9es ( v>i\s types & ! design & con/ruction ( a half-horse p[] ,gas ,eng9e1 ) illu/rations ( ! "w 9 actual progress1 toge!r ) ! dim5sion$ work+ draw+s giv+ cle>ly ! sizes ( ! v>i\s details2 = ! /ud5t1 ! sci5tific inve/igator & ! amateur me*anic4 ,?is book treats ( ! subject m f ! /&po9t ( practice ?an t ( !ory4 ,! pr9ciples ( op]ation ( ,gas ,eng9es are cle>ly & simply describ$ & !n ! actual con/ruction ( a half-horse p[] eng9e is tak5 up1 /ep by /ep1 %[+ 9 detail ! mak+ ( ! ,gas ,eng9e4 #c;d ,edition4 #cjj pages4 ,price #b4ej ,,! ,,gasol9e ,,eng9e ,,on ,,! ,,f>m3 ,,its ,,op]ation1 ,,repair ,,& ,,uses4 ,by ,,x5o ,w4 ,,putnam4 ,?is is a practical treatise on ! ,gasol9e & ,k]os5e eng9e int5d$ = ! man :o wants to "k j h[ to manage 8 eng9e & h[ to apply x to all k9ds ( f>m "w to ! be/ advantage4 ,! book includes select+ ! mo/ suitable eng9e = f>m "w1 its mo/ conv5i5t & effici5t in/allation1 ) *apt]s on tr\bles1 _! rem$ies & h[ to avoid !m4 ,! c>e & managem5t ( ! f>m tractor 9 pl[+1 h>r[+1 h>ve/+ & road grad+ are fully cov]$2 also pla9 directions are giv5 = h&l+ ! tractor on ! road4 ,special att5tion is giv5 to reliev+ f>m life ( its drudg]y by apply+ p[] to ! disagreeable small tasks :i* mu/ o!rwise be done by h&4 ,_m homemade contrivances = cutt+ wood1 supply+ kit*51 g>d5 & b>n ) wat]1 load+1 haul+ & unload+ hay1 deliv]+ gra9 to ! b9s or ! fe$ tr\gh are includ$2 also full directions = mak+ ! eng9e milk ! c[s1 *urn1 wa%1 sweep ! h\se & clean ! w9d[s1 etc4 ,v fully illu/rat$ ) draw+s ( work+ p>ts & cuts %[+ ,/ation>y1 ,portable & ,tractor ,eng9es do+ all k9ds ( f>m "w4 #cjj pages4 ,ne>ly #aej engrav+s4 #abmo4 ,price #a4ej ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,gas ,,manufacture4 ,by ,h4 ,m4 ,,royles4 ,?is book cov]s po9ts likely to arise 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ! duties ( ! eng9e] or manag] ( a gas works n l>ge en\gh to necessitate ! employm5t ( a sep>ate *emical /aff4 ,x treats ( ! te/+ ( ! raw mat]ials employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( illum9at+ coal gas1 & ( ! gas produc$4 ,! prep>ation ( /&>d solutions is giv5 z well z ! *emical & physical exam9ation ( gas coal includ+ among its cont5ts-,prep>ations ( ,/&>d ,solutions1 ,coal1 ,furnaces1 ,te/+ & ,regulation4 ,products ( ,c>bonization4 ,analysis ( ,crude ,coal ,gas4 ,analysis ( ,lime4 ,ammonia4 ,analysis ( ,oxide ( ,iron4 ,naph?al5e4 ,analysis ( ,fire-,bricks & ,fire-,clay4 ,weldom & ,sp5t ,oxide4 ,photometry & ,gas ,te/+4 ,c>burett$ ,wat] ,gas4 ,metropolis ,gas4 ,miscellane\s ,extracts4 ,useful ,tables4 #d4ej ,,ge>+ ,,& ,,cams ,,bevel ,,ge> ,,tables4 ,by ,d4 ,,ag4 ,,eng/rom4 ,a book t w at once comm5d itself to me*anics & draftsm54 ,does a way ) all ! trigonometry & fancy figur+ on bevel ge>s & makes x easy = anyone to lay !m out or make !m j "r4 ,!re are #cf full-page tables t %[ e necess>y dim5sion = all sizes or comb9ations y're apt to ne$4 ,no puzzl+ figur+ or guess+4 ,gives plac+ di/ance1 all ! angles 7includ+ cutt+ angles71 & ! correct cutt] to use4 ,a copy ( ?is prep>es y = any?+ 9 ! bevel ge> l9e4 #a4jj ,,*ange ,,ge> ,,devices4 ,by ,,osc> ,e4 ,,p]rigo4 ,a practical book = e design]1 draftsman1 & me*anic int]e/$ 9 ! inv5tion & developm5t ( ! devices = fe$ *anges on ! diff]5t ma*9es requir+ su* me*anism4 ,all ! necess>y in=mation on ?is subject is tak5 up1 analyz$1 classifi$1 sift$1 & conc5trat$ = ! use ( busy m5 :o h n ! "t to g ?r\gh ! masses ( irrelevant matt] ) :i* su* a subject is usually encumb]$ & select su* in=mation z w be useful to !m4 ,x %[s j :at has be5 done1 h[ x has be5 done1 :5 x 0 done1 & :o did x4 ,x saves "t 9 hunt+ up pat5t records & re-inv5t+ old ideas4 #hh pages4 #a4jj ,,draft+ ,,( ,,cams4 ,by ,l\is ,,r\illion4 ,! lay+ out ( cams is a s]i\s problem unless y "k h[ to g at x "r4 ,?is puts y on ! "r road = practically any k9d ( cam y are likely to run up aga9/4 #be c5ts4 ,,hydraulics ,,hydraulic ,,eng9e]+4 ,by ,,g>dn] ,d4 ,,hiscox4 ,a treatise on ! prop]ties1 p[]1 & res\rces ( wat] = all purposes4 ,includ+ ! measurem5t ( /reams1 ! fl[ ( wat] 9 pipes or conduits2 ! horse-p[] ( fall+ wat]2 turb9e & impact wat]-:eels1 wave motors1 c5trifugal1 reciprocat+1 & airli/ pumps4 ,) #cjj figures & diagrams & #cf practical tables4 ,all :o are int]e/$ 9 wat]-works developm5t w f9d ?is book a useful "o1 because x is an entirely practical treatise ^u a subject ( pres5t importance1 & _c fail 9 hav+ a f>-rea*+ influ5ce1 & = ?is reason %\ld h a place 9 ! work+ libr>y ( e eng9e]4 ,among ! subjects treat$ are3 ,hi/orical-,hydraulics1 ,prop]ties ( ,wat]2 ,measurem5t ( ! fl[ ( ,/reams2 ,fl[ f ,subsurface orifices & nozzles2 ,fl[ ( wat] 9 ,pipes2 ,siphons ( v>i\s k9ds2 ,dams & ,great ,/orage ,res]voirs2 ,city & ,t[n ,wat] ,supply2 ,wells & _! re5=cem5t2 ,air lift me?ods ( rais+ wat]2 artesian wells2 ,irrigation ( ,arid di/ricts2 ,wat] ,p[]1 ,wat] ,:eels2 ,pumps & ,pump+ ,ma*9]y2 ,reciprocat+ ,pumps2 ,hydraulic ,p[] ,transmission2 ,hydraulic ,m9+2 ,canals2 ,dit*es2 ,conduits & ,pipe ,l9es2 ,m>9e ,hydraulics2 ,tidal & ,sea ,wave p[]1 etc4 #cbj pages4 ,price #d4jj ,,ice ,,& ,,refrig]ation ,,pocket ,,book ,,( ,,refrig]ation ,,& ,,ice ,,mak+4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,,wallis-,,taylor ,?is is "o ( ! late/ & mo/ compreh5sive ref]5ce books publi%$ on ! subject ( refrig]ation & cold /orage4 ,x expla9s ! prop]ties & refrig]at+ effect ( ! diff]5t fluids 9 use1 ! managem5t ( refrig]at+ ma*9]y & ! con/ruction & insulation ( cold rooms ) _! requir$ pipe surface = diff]5t degrees ( cold2 freez+ mixtures & non-freez+ br9es1 temp]atures ( cold rooms = all k9ds ( provisions1 cold /orage *>ges = all classes ( goods1 ice mak+ & /orage ( ice1 data & memor&a = con/ant ref]5ce by refrig]at+ eng9e]s1 ) ne>ly "o hundr$ tables conta9+ valuable ref]5ces to e fact & condition requir$ 9 ! in/allm5t & op]ation ( a refrig]at+ plant4 ,illu/rat$4 7#e? ,edition1 revis$47 ,price #a4ej ,,inv5tions ,,pat5ts ,,inv5tor',s ,,manual1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,pat5t ,,pay4 ,?is is a book design$ z a guide to inv5tors 9 p]fect+ _! inv5tions1 tak+ out _! pat5ts & dispos+ ( !m4 ,x is n 9 any s5se a ,pat5t ,solicitor's ,circul>1 nor a ,pat5t ,brok]'s ,adv]tisem5t4 ,no adv]tisem5ts ( any description appe> 9 ! "w4 ,x is a book conta9+ a qu>t] ( a c5tury's exp]i5ce ( a successful inv5tor1 toge!r ) notes bas$ ^u ! exp]i5ce ( _m o!r inv5tors4 ,among ! subjects treat$ 9 ?is "w are3 ,h[ to ,inv5t4 ,h[ to ,secure a ,good ,pat5t4 ,value ( ,good ,inv5tion4 ,h[ to exhibit an ,inv5tion4 ,h[ to ,int]e/ ,capital4 ,h[ to ,e/imate ! value ( a ,pat5t4 ,value ( ,design ,pat5ts4 ,value ( ,=eign ,pat5ts4 ,value ( ,small ,inv5tions4 ,advice on ,sell+ ,pat5ts4 ,advice on ! =mation ( ,/ock ,companies4 ,advice on ! ,=mation ( ,limit$ ,liability ,companies4 ,advice on ,dispos+ ( ,old ,pat5ts4 ,advice z to ,pat5t ,attorneys4 ,advice z to ,sell+ ,ag5ts4 ,=ms ( ,assignm5ts4 ,lic5se & ,contracts4 ,/ate ,laws ,conc]n+ ,pat5t ,rights4 #aijj ,c5sus ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by c\nties ( ov] #aj1jjj population4 ,revis$ edition4 #abj pages4 ,price #a4jj ,,knots ,,knots1 ,,splices ,,& ,,rope ,,"w4 ,by ,a4 ,,hyatt ,,v]rill4 ,?is is a practical book giv+ complete & simple directions = mak+ all ! mo/ useful & ornam5tal knots 9 common use1 ) *apt]s on ,splic+1 ,po9t+1 ,seiz+1 ,s]v+1 etc4 ,?is book is fully illu/rat$ ) "o hundr$ & fifty orig9al engrav+s :i* %[ h[ ea* knot1 tie or splice is =m$ & its appe>ance :5 f9i%$4 ,! book w be f\nd ( ! greate/ value to ,camp]s1 ,ya*tsm51 ,travel]s1 ,boy ,sc\ts 9 fact to anyone hav+ occasion to use or h&le rope or knots = any purpose4 ,! book is ?or\ghly reliable & practical & is n only a guide b a tea*]4 ,x is ! /&>d "w on ! subject4 ,among ! cont5ts are3 #a4 ,cordage1 ,k9ds ( ,rope1 ,con/ruction ( ,rope1 ,p>ts ( ,rope ,cable & ,bolt ,rope1 ,/r5g? ( ,rope1 ,weight ( ,rope4 #b4 ,simple knots & ,b5ds4 ,t]ms us$ 9 ,h&l+ ,rope4 ,seiz+ ,rope4 #c4 ,ties & ,hit*es4 #d4 ,noose1 ,loops & ,moor+ ,knots4 #e4 ,%ort5+s1 ,grommets & ,selvages4 #f4 ,la%+s4 ,seiz+s & ,splices4 #g4 ,fancy ,knots & ,rope ,"w4 #abh pages4 #aej orig9al engrav+s4 ,price #fj c5ts4 ,,la! ,,"w ,,mod]n ,,am]ican ,,la! ,,practice4 ,by ,,osc> ,e4 ,,p]rigo4 ,?is is a new book f cov] to cov]1 & ! only complete ,am]ican "w on ! subject writt5 by a man :o kn[s n only h[ "w ought to be done1 b :o also kn[s h[ to d x1 & h[ to convey ?is k to o!rs4 ,x is /rictly up-to-date 9 its descriptions & illu/rations1 :i* repres5t ! v late/ practice 9 la! & bor+ mill op]ations z well z ! con/ruction ( & late/ developm5ts 9 ! manufacture ( ^! important classes ( ma*9e tools4 ,la! hi/ory & ! relations ( ! ,la! to manufactur+ are giv52 also a description ( ! v>i\s devices = ,fe$s & ,?read ,cutt+ me*anisms f e>ly ef=ts 9 ?is direction to ! pres5t "t4 ,la! design is ?or\ghly discuss$1 includ+ ,back ,ge>+1 ,driv+ ,cones1 ,?read ,cutt+ ,ge>s1 & all ! ess5tial elem5ts ( ! mod]n ,la!4 ,! classification ( ,la!s is tak5 up1 giv+ ! ess5tial diff]5ces ( ! sev]al types ( ,la!s1 includ+1 z is usually und]/ood1 ,eng9e ,la!s1 ,b5* ,la!s1 ,spe$ ,la!s1 ,=ge ,la!s1 ,gap ,la!s1 ,pulley ,la!s1 ,=m+ ,la!s1 ,multiple ,sp9dle ,la!s1 ,rapid ,r$uction ,la!s1 ,precision ,la!s1 ,turret ,la!s1 ,special ,la!s1 ,electrically ,driv5 ,la!s1 etc4 #dbd pages4 #cad illu/rations4 ,price #b4ej ,,practical ,,metal ,,turn+4 ,by ,,joseph ,g4 ,,horn]4 ,?is important & practical subject is treat$ 9 a full & exhau/ive mann] & no?+ ( importance is omitt$4 ,! pr9ciples & practice & all ! diff]5t bran*es ( ,turn+ are consid]$ & well illu/rat$4 ,all ! diff]5t k9ds ( ,*ucks ( usual =ms1 z well z "s unusual k9ds1 are %[n4 ,a feature ( ! book is ! important section devot$ to mod]n ,turret practice2 ,bor+ is ano!r subject :i* is treat$ fully2 & ! *apt] on ,tool ,hold]s illu/rates a l>ge numb] ( repres5tative types4 ,?read ,cutt+ is treat$ at reasonable l5g?2 & ! la/ *apt] conta9s a good deal ( in=mation relat+ to ! ,high-,spe$ ,/eels & _! "w4 ,! num]\s tools us$ by ma*9i/s are illu/rat$1 & also ! adjuncts ( ! la!4 ,9 fact1 ! entire subject is treat$ 9 su* a ?or\gh mann] z to make ?is book ! /&>d "o on ! subject4 ,x is indisp5sable to ! manag]1 eng9e]1 & ma*9i/ z well z to ! /ud5t1 amateur1 & exp]im5tal1 man :o desires to keep up-to-date4 #djj pages1 fully illu/rat$4 ,price #c4ej ,,turn+ ,,& ,,bor+ ,,tap]s4 ,by ,,fr$ ,h4 ,,colv94 ,!re are two ways to turn tap]s2 ! "r way & "o o!r4 ,?is treatise has to d ) ! "r way2 x tells y h[ to />t ! "w prop]ly1 h[ to set ! la!1 :at tools to use & h[ to use !m1 & =ty & "o o!r little ?+s t y %\ld "k4 ,f\r? edition4 #be c5ts4 ,,liquid ,,air ,,liquid ,,air ,,& ,,! ,,liquefaction ,,( ,,gases4 ,by ,t4 ,o',,conor ,,sloane4 ,?is book gives ! hi/ory ( ! !ory1 discov]y1 & manufacture ( ,liquid ,air1 & conta9s an illu/rat$ description ( all ! exp]im5ts t h excit$ ! wond] ( audi5ces all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,x %[s h[ liquid air1 l wat]1 is c>ri$ hundr$s ( miles & is h&l$ 9 op5 buckets4 ,x tells :at may be expect$ f x 9 ! ne> future4 ,a book t r5d]s simple "o ( ! mo/ p]plex+ *emical problems ( ! c5tury4 ,/>tl+ developm5ts illu/rat$ by actual exp]im5ts4 ,x is n only a "w ( sci5tific int]e/ & au?ority1 b is int5d$ = ! g5]al read]1 be+ writt5 9 a popul> /yle-easily und]/ood by e "o4 ,second edition4 #cfe pages4 ,price #b4jj ,,locomotive ,,eng9e]+ ,,air-,,brake ,,cate*ism4 ,by ,,rob]t ,h4 ,,blackall4 ,?is book is a /&>d text book4 ,x cov]s ! ,we/+h\se ,air-,brake ,equipm5t1 includ+ ! ,no4 #e & ! ,no4 #f ,e4 ,t ,locomotive ,brake ,equipm5t2 ! ,k 7,quick-,s]vice7 ,triple ,valve = ,freight ,s]vice2 & ! ,cross-,comp\nd ,pump4 ,! op]ation ( all p>ts ( ! app>atus is expla9$ 9 detail1 & a practical way ( f9d+ _! peculi>ities & defects1 ) a prop] rem$y1 is giv54 ,x conta9s #b1jjj que/ions ) _! answ]s1 :i* w enable any railroad man to pass any exam9ation on ! subject ( ,air ,brakes4 ,endors$ & us$ by air-brake in/ructors & exam9]s on ne>ly e railroad 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #be? ,edition4 #cej pages1 fully illu/rat$ ) fold+ plates & diagrams4 #b4jj ,,am]ican ,,comp\nd ,,locomotives4 ,by ,,fr$4 ,h4 ,,colv94 ,! only book on comp\nds = ! eng9eman or %opman t %[s 9 a pla91 practical way ! v>i\s features ( comp\nd locomotives 9 use4 ,%[s h[ !y are made1 :at to d :5 !y break d[n or balk4 ,conta9s sections z foll[s3-,a ,bit ( ,hi/ory4 ,!ory ( ,comp\nd+ ,/eam ,cyl9d]s4 ,baldw9 ,two-,cyl9d] ,comp\nd4 ,pittsburg ,two-,cyl9d] ,comp\nd4 ,rhode ,isl& ,comp\nd4 ,ri*mond ,comp\nd4 ,rog]s ,comp\nd4 ,s*5ectady ,two-,cyl9d] ,comp\nd4 ,vaucla9 ,comp\nd4 ,t&em ,comp\nds4 ,baldw9 ,t&em4 ,! ,colv9-,wightman ,t&em4 ,s*5ectady ,t&em4 ,balanc$ ,locomotives4 ,baldw9 ,balanc$ ,comp\nd4 ,plans = ,balanc+4 ,locat+ ,bl[s4 ,breakd[ns4 ,r$uc+ ,valves4 ,drift+4 ,valve ,motion4 ,disconnect+4 ,p[] ( ,comp\nd ,locomotives4 ,practical ,notes4 ,fully illu/rat$ & conta9+ t5 special ,duotone ins]ts on heavy ,plate ,pap]1 %[+ diff]5t types ( ,comp\nds4 #adb pages4 ,price #a4jj ,,application ,,( ,,highly ,,sup]heat$ ,,/eam ,,to ,,locomotives4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,g>be4 ,a practical book4 ,conta9s special *apt]s on ,g5]ation ( ,highly ,sup]heat$ ,/eam2 ,sup]heat$ ,/eam & ! ,two-,cyl9d] ,simple ,eng9e2 ,comp\nd+ & ,sup]heat+2 ,designs ( ,locomotive ,sup]heat]s2 ,con/ructive ,details ( ,locomotives us+ ,highly ,sup]heat$ ,/eam2 ,exp]im5tal & ,work+ ,results4 ,illu/rat$ ) fold+ places & tables4 ,price #b4ej ,,combu/ion ,,( ,,coal ,,& ,,! ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,smoke4 ,by ,,wm4 ,m4 ,,b>r4 ,?is book has be5 prep>$ ) special ref]5ce to ! g5]ation ( heat by ! combu/ion ( ! common fuels f\nd 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & deals p>ticul>ly ) ! conditions necess>y to ! economic & smokeless combu/ion ( bitum9\s coal 9 ,/ation>y & ,locomotive ,/eam ,boil]s4 ,! pres5tation ( ?is important subject is sy/ematic & progressive4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! book is 9 a s]ies ( practical que/ions to :i* are app5d$ accurate answ]s1 :i* describe 9 language1 free f te*nicalities1 ! sev]al processes involv$ 9 ! furnace combu/ion ( ,am]ican fuels2 x cle>ly /ates ! ess5tial requisites = p]fect combu/ion1 & po9ts out ! be/ me?ods ( furnace con/ruction = obta9+ ! greate/ quantity ( heat f any giv5 quality ( coal4 ,ne>ly #cej pages1 fully illu/rat$4 ,price #a4jj ,,di>y ,,( ,a ,,r\nd ,,h\se ,,=eman4 ,by ,t4 ,s4 ,,reilly4 ,?is is ! greate/ book ( railroad exp]i5ces ev] publi%$4 ,conta9+ a fund ( in=mation & sugge/ions along ! l9e ( h&l+ m51 organiz+1 etc41 t "o _c af=d to miss4 #agf pages4 ,price #a4jj ,,l9k ,,motions1 ,,valves ,,& ,,valve ,,sett+4 ,by ,,fr$ ,h4 ,,colv91 ,associate ,editor ( ,am]ican ,ma*9i/4 ,a h&y book = ! eng9e] or ma*9i/ t cle>s up ! my/]ies ( valve sett+4 ,%[s ! diff]5t valve ge>s 9 use1 h[ !y "w1 & :y4 ,pi/on & slide valves ( diff]5t types are illu/rat$ & expla9$4 ,a book t e railroad man 9 ! motive p[] dep>tm5t ought to h4 ,conta9s *apt]s on ,locomotive ,l9k ,motion1 ,valve ,movem5ts1 ,sett+ ,slide ,valves1 ,analysis by ,diagrams1 ,mod]n ,practice1 ,slip ( ,block1 ,slide ,valves1 ,pi/on ,valves1 ,sett+ ,pi/on ,valves1 ,joy-,all5 ,valve ,ge>1 ,wals*a]t ,valve ,ge>1 ,goo* ,valve ,ge>1 ,alfree-,hubbell ,valve ,ge>1 etc41 etc4 ,fully illu/rat$4 ,price #ej c5ts4 ,,locomotive ,,boil] ,,con/ruction4 ,by ,,frank ,a4 ,,kle9hans4 ,! con/ruction ( boil]s 9 g5]al is treat$1 & foll[+ ?is1 ! locomotive boil] is tak5 up 9 ! ord] 9 :i* its v>i\s p>ts g ?r\gh ! %op4 ,%[s all types ( boil]s us$2 gives details ( con/ruction2 practical facts1 su* z life ( rivet+1 pun*es & dies2 "w done p] day1 all[ance = b5d+ & flang+ %eets1 & o!r data4 ,locomotive boil]s pres5t m difficulty 9 lay+ out & build+ ?an any o!r type1 & = ?is reason ! au?or uses !m z examples4 ,anyone :o c h&le !m c tackle any?+4 ,conta9s *apt]s on ,lay+ ,out ,"w2 ,flang+ & ,=g+2 ,pun*+2 ,%e>+3 ,plate ,plan+2 ,g5]al ,tables2 ,f9i%+ ,p>ts2 ,b5d+2 ,ma*9]y ,p>ts2 ,rivet+2 ,boil] ,details2 ,smoke ,box ,details2 ,assembl+ & ,caulk+2 ,boil] ,%op ,ma*9]y1 etc41 etc4 ,!re isn't a man :o has any?+ to d ) boil] "w1 ei!r new or repair "w1 :o doesn't ne$ ?is book4 ,! manufactur]1 sup]9t5d5t1 =eman1 & boil] work] all ne$ x4 ,no matt] :at ! type ( boil]1 y'll f9d a m9t ( in=mation t y w\ldn't be )\t4 ,ov] #djj pages1 five l>ge fold+ plates4 ,price3 #c4jj ,,locomotive ,,breakd[ns ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies4 ,by ,,geo4 ,l4 ,,f[l]4 ,revis$ by ,,wm4 ,w4 ,wood1 ,air-,brake ,in/ructor4 ,j issu$4 ,revis$ pocket edition4 ,x is out ( ! "q to try & tell y ab\t e subject t is cov]$ 9 ?is pocket edition ( ,locomotive ,breakd[ns4 ,j imag9e all ! common tr\bles t an eng9e] may expect to happ5 "s "t1 & !n add all ( ! unexpect$ ones1 tr\bles t c\ld occur1 b t y _h nev] ?\ght ab\t1 & y w f9d t !y are all treat$ ) ! v be/ me?ods ( repair4 ,wals*a]t ,locomotive ,valve ,ge> ,tr\bles1 ,electric ,headlight ,tr\bles1 z well z ,que/ions & ,answ]s on ! ,air ,brake are all includ$4 #bid pages4 #g? ,revis$ ,edition4 ,fully illu/rat$4 #a4jj ,,locomotive ,,cate*ism4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,grim%aw4 ,! revis$ edition ( ,locomotive ,cate*ism1 by ,rob]t ,grim%aw1 is a ,new ,book f ,cov] to ,cov]4 ,x conta9s twice z _m pages & d\ble ! numb] ( illu/rations ( previ\s editions4 ,includes ! greate/ am\nt ( practical in=mation ev] publi%$ on ! con/ruction & managem5t ( mod]n locomotives4 ,specially ,prep>$ ,*apt]s on ! ,wals*a]t ,locomotive ,valve ,ge>1 ! ,air ,brake ,equipm5t & ! ,electric ,head ,light are giv54 ,x comm5ds itself at once to e ,eng9e] & ,fireman1 & to all :o are go+ 9 tor exam9ation or promotion4 ,9 pla9 language1 ) full complete answ]s1 n only all ! que/ions ask$ by ! exam9+ eng9e] are giv51 b ^? :i* ! "y & less exp]i5c$ w\ld ask ! vet]an1 & :i* old h&s ask z /ick]s4 ,x is a v]itable ,encyclop$ia ( ! ,locomotive1 is entirely free f ma!matics1 easily1 und]/ood & ?or\ghly up-to-date4 ,conta9s ov] #d1jjj ,exam9ation ,que/ions ) _! ,answ]s4 #hbe pages1 #dcg illu/rations & ?ree fold+ plates4 #bh? ,revis$ ,edition4 #b4ej ,,practical ,,in/ructor ,,& ,,ref]5ce ,,book ,,= ,,locomotive ,,firem5 ,,& ,,eng9e]s4 ,by ,,*as4 ,f4 ,,lockh>t4 ,an entirely new book on ! ,locomotive4 ,x appeals to e railroad man1 z x tells him h[ ?+s are done & ! "r way to d !m4 ,writt5 by a man :o has _h ye>s ( practical exp]i5ce 9 locomotive %ops & on ! road fir+ & runn+4 ,! in=mation giv5 9 ?is book _c be f\nd 9 any o!r simil> treatise4 ,eight hundr$ & fifty-"o que/ions ) _! answ]s are includ$1 :i* w prove specially helpful to ^? prep>+ = exam9ation4 ,practical in=mation on3 ,! ,con/ruction & ,op]ation ( ,locomotives4 ,breakd[ns & _! ,rem$ies2 ,air4 ,brakes & ,valve ,ge>s4 ,rules & ,signals are h&l$ 9 a ?or\gh mann]4 ,z a book ( ref]5ce x _c be excell$4 ,! book is divid$ into six p>ts1 z foll[s3 #a4 ,! ,fireman's ,duties4 #b4 ,g5]al description ( ! ,locomotive4 #c4 ,breakd[ns & _! ,rem$ies4 #d4 ,air ,brakes4 #e4 ,extracts f ,/&>d ,rules4 #f4 ,que/ions = exam9ation4 ,! #hea que/ions h be5 c>efully select$ & arrang$4 ,^! cov] ! exam9ations requir$ by ! diff]5t railroads4 #cfh pages4 #hh illu/rations4 ,price #a4ej ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,railroad ,,accid5ts1 ,,or ,,safety ,,9 ,,railroad+4 ,by ,,george ,,brad%aw4 ,?is book is a he>t-to-he>t talk ) ,railroad ,employees1 deal+ ) facts1 n !ories1 & %[+ ! m5 9 ! ranks1 f e-day exp]i5ce1 h[ accid5ts occur & h[ !y may be avoid$4 ,! book is illu/rat$ ) sev5ty orig9al photographs & draw+s %[+ ! safe & unsafe me?ods ( "w4 ,no vision>y s*emes1 no ideal pictures4 ,j pla9 facts & ,practical ,sugge/ions are giv54 ,e railroad employee :o reads ! book is a bett] & saf] man to h 9 railroad s]vice4 ,x gives j ! in=mation :i* w be ! means ( prev5t+ _m injuries & dea?s4 ,all railroad employees %\ld procure a copy1 read x1 & d y\r "p 9 prev5t+ accid5ts4 #afi pages4 ,pocket ,size4 ,fully illu/rat$4 ,price #ej c5ts4 ,,tra9 ,,rule ,,exam9ations ,,made ,,easy4 ,by ,g4 ,e4 ,,coll+wood4 ,?is is ! only practical "w on tra9-rules 9 pr9t4 ,e detail is cov]$1 & puzzl+ po9ts are expla9$ 9 simple1 compreh5sive language1 mak+ x a practical treatise = ! ,tra9 ,dispat*]1 ,eng9eman1 ,tra9man1 & all o!rs :o h to d ) ! movem5ts ( tra9s4 ,conta9s complete & reliable in=mation ( ! ,/&>d ,code ( ,tra94 ,rules = s+le track4 ,%[s ,signals 9 ,colors1 z us$ on ! diff]5t roads4 ,expla9s fully ! practical application ( tra9 ord]s1 giv+ a cle> & def9ite und]/&+ ( all ord]s :i* may be us$4 ,! mean+ & necessity = c]ta9 rules are expla9$ 9 su* a mann] t ! /ud5t may "k beyond a d\bt ! rights conf]r$ "u any ord]s he may receive or ! action requir$ by c]ta9 rules4 ,z ne>ly all roads require tra9m5 to pass regul> exam9ations1 a complete set ( exam9ation que/ions1 ) _! answ]s1 are includ$4 ,^! w enable ! /ud5t to pass ! requir$ exam9ations ) cr$it to himself & ! road = :i* he works4 #bef pages4 ,fully illu/rat$ ) ,tra9 ,signals 9 colors4 ,price #a4bf ,,tra9 ,,rules ,,& ,,despat*+4 ,by ,h4 ,a4 ,,dalby4 ,e railroad man1 no matt] :at dep>tm5t he's 91 ne$s a copy ( ?is book4 ,x gives ! /&>d rules = bo? s+le & d\ble track1 %[s all ! signals1 ) colors :]ev] necess>y1 & has a li/ ( t[ns :]e "t *anges1 ) a map %[+ ! :ole c\ntry4 ,! rules are expla9$ :]ev] !re is any d\bt ab\t _! mean+ or :]e !y are modifi$ by diff]5t railroads4 ,x's ! only practical book on tra9 rules 9 pr9t4 ,ov] #bbj pages4 ,lea!r cov]4 ,price #a4ej ,,! ,,wals*a]t ,,& ,,o!r ,,mod]n ,,radial ,,valve ,,ge>s ,,= ,,locomotives4 ,by ,,wm4 ,w4 ,wood4 ,if y w\ld ?or\ghly und]/& ! ,wals*a]t ,valve ,ge> y %\ld possess a copy ( ?is book1 z ! au?or takes ! pla9e/ =m ( a /eam eng9e-a /ation>y eng9e 9 ! r\gh1 t w only turn its crank 9 "o direction & f x builds up--) ! read]'s help--a mod]n locomotive equipp$ ) ! ,wals*a]t ,valve ,ge>1 complete4 ,! po9ts discuss$ are cle>ly illu/rat$2 two l>ge fold+ plates t %[ ! positions ( ! valves ( bo? inside or outside admission type1 z well z ! l9ks & o!r p>ts ( ! ge> :5 ! crank is at n9e diff]5t po9ts 9 its revolution1 are especially valuable 9 mak+ ! movem5t cle>4 ,^! employ slid+ c>dbo>d models :i* are conta9$ 9 a pocket 9 ! cov]4 ,! book is divid$ into five g5]al divisions1 z foll[s3 ,i4 ,analysis ( ! ge>4 ,,ii4 ,design+ & erect+ ! ge>4 ,,iii4 ,advantages ( ! ge>4 ,,iv4 ,que/ions & answ]s relat+ to ! ,wals*a]t ,valve ,ge>4 ,v4 ,sett+ valves ) ! ,wals*a]t ,valve ,ge>2 ! ?ree prim>y types ( locomotive valve motion2 mod]n radial valve ge>s o!r ?an ! ,wals*a]t2 ! ,hob>t ,all-free valve & valve ge>1 ) que/ions & answ]s on breakd[ns2 ! ,bak]-,pilliod valve ge>2 ! ,improv$ ,bak]-,pilliod ,valve ,ge>1 ) que/ions & answ]s on breakd[ns4 ,! que/ions ) full answ]s giv5 w be especially valuable to firem5 & eng9e]s 9 prep>+ = an exam9ation = promotion4 #bde pages4 ,?ird ,revis$ ,edition4 ,price #a4ej ,,we/+h\se ,e-,t ,,air-,,brake ,,in/ruction ,,pocket ,,book4 ,by ,,wm4 ,w4 ,wood1 ,air-,brake ,in/ructor4 ,"h is a book = ! railroad man1 & ! man :o aims to be "o4 ,x is )\t d\bt ! only complete "w publi%$ on ! ,we/+h\se ,e-,t ,locomotive ,brake ,equipm5t4 ,writt5 by an ,air ,brake ,in/ructor :o kn[s j :at is ne$$4 ,x cov]s ! subject ?or\ghly4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t ! ,new ,we/+h\se ,eng9e & ,t5d] ,brake ,equipm5t1 includ+ ! ,/&>d ,no4 #e & ! ,p]fect$ ,no4 #f ,/yle ( brake1 is treat$ 9 detail4 ,writt5 9 pla9 ,engli% & pr(usely illu/rat$ ) ,color$ ,plates1 :i* enable "o to trace ! fl[ ( pressures ?r\gh\t ! entire equipm5t4 ,! be/ book ev] publi%$ on ! ,air ,brake4 ,equally good = ! beg9n] & ! advanc$ eng9e]4 ,w pass any "o ?r\gh any exam9ation4 ,x in=ms & enlight5s y on e po9t4 ,indisp5sable to e eng9eman & tra9man4 ,conta9s exam9ation que/ions & answ]s on ! ,e-,t equipm5t4 ,cov]+ :at ! ,e-,t ,brake is4 ,h[ x %\ld be op]at$4 ,:at to d :5 defective4 ,n a "q c be ask$ ( ! eng9eman up = promotion on ei!r ! ,no4 #e or ! ,no4 #f ,e-,t equipm5t t is n ask$ & answ]$ 9 ! book4 ,if y want to ?or\ghly und]/& ! ,e-,t equipm5t get a copy ( ?is book4 ,x cov]s e detail4 ,makes ,air ,brake tr\bles & exam9ations easy4 ,price #a4ej ,,ma*9e ,,%op ,,practice ,,am]ican ,,tool ,,mak+ ,,& ,,int]*angeable ,,manufactur+4 ,by ,j4 ,v4 ,,woodwor?4 ,a %oppy book1 conta9+ no !oriz+1 no problematical or exp]im5tal devices1 !re are no badly proportion$ & impossible diagrams1 no catalogue cuts1 b a valuable collection ( draw+s & descriptions ( devices1 ! ri* fruits ( ! au?or's own exp]i5ce4 ,9 its #ejj-odd pages ! "o subject only1 ,tool ,mak+1 & :atev] relates !reto1 is dealt )4 ,! "w /&s )\t a rival4 ,x is a complete practical treatise on ! art ( ,am]ican ,tool ,mak+ & sy/em ( int]*angeable manufactur+ z c>ri$ on to-day 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 x are describ$ & illu/rat$ all ( ! diff]5t types & classes ( small tools1 fixtures1 devices1 & special appliances :i* are 9 g5]al use 9 all ma*9e manufactur+ & metal work+ e/abli%m5ts :]e economy1 capacity1 & int]*angeability 9 ! production ( ma*9$ metal p>ts are imp]ative4 ,! sci5ce ( jig mak+ is exhau/ively discuss$1 & p>ticul> att5tion is paid to drill jigs1 bor+1 pr(il+ & mill+ fixtures & o!r devices 9 :i* ! p>ts to be ma*9$ are locat$ & fa/5$ )9 ! contrivances4 ,all ( ! tools1 fixtures1 & devices illu/rat$ & describ$ h be5 or are us$ = ! actual production ( "w1 su* z p>ts ( drill presses1 la!s1 pat5t$ ma*9]y1 typewrit]s1 electrical app>atus1 me*anical appliances1 brass goods1 composition p>ts1 m\ld products1 %eet metal articles1 drop =g+s1 jewelry1 wat*es1 m$als1 co9s1 etc4 #eca pages4 ,price #d4jj ,,h5ley',s ,,encyclop$ia ,,( ,,practical ,,eng9e]+ ,,& ,,alli$ ,,trades4 ,edit$ by ,,joseph ,g4 ,,horn]1 ,a4,m4,i41 ,m4,e4 ,?is set ( five volumes conta9s ab\t #b1ejj pages ) ?\s&s ( illu/rations1 includ+ diagrammatic & sectional draw+s ) full explanatory details4 ,?is "w cov]s ! entire practice ( ,civil & ,me*anical ,eng9e]+4 ,! be/ kn[n exp]t 9 all bran*es ( eng9e]+ h contribut$ to ^! volumes4 ,! ,cyclop$ia is admirably well adapt$ to ! ne$s ( ! beg9n] & ! self-taught practical man1 z well z ! me*anical eng9e]1 design]1 draftsman1 %op sup]9t5d5t1 =eman1 & ma*9i/4 ,! "w w be f\nd a means ( advancem5t to any progressive man4 ,x is encyclop$ic 9 scope1 ?or\gh & practical 9 its treatm5t ( te*nical subjects1 simple & cle> 9 its descriptive matt]1 & )\t unnecess>y te*nicalities or =mulae4 ,! articles are z brief z may be & yet give a reasonably cle> & explicit /atem5t ( ! subject1 & are writt5 by m5 :o h _h ample practical exp]i5ce 9 ! matt]s ( :i* !y write4 ,x tells y all y want to "k ab\t eng9e]+ & tells x s simply1 s cle>ly1 s concisely1 t "o _c help b und]/&4 ,z a "w ( ref]5ce x is )\t a pe]4 #f4jj p] volume4 ,= complete set ( five volumes1 price #be4jj ,,ma*9e ,,%op ,,ari?metic4 ,by ,,colv9-,,*5ey4 ,?is is an ari?metic ( ! ?+s y h to d ) daily4 ,x tells y pla9ly ab\t3 h[ to f9d areas ( figures2 h[ to f9d surface or volume ( balls or sph]es2 h&y ways = calculat+2 ab\t comp\nd ge>+2 cutt+ screw ?reads on any la!2 drill+ = taps2 spe$s ( drills1 taps1 em]y :eels1 gr9d/ones1 mill+ cutt]s1 etc42 all ab\t ! ,metric sy/em ) conv]sion tables2 prop]ties ( metals2 /r5g? ( bolts & nuts2 decimal equival5t ( an in*4 ,all sorts ( ma*9e %op figur+ & #a1jja o!r ?+s1 any "o ( :i* ought to be wor? m ?an ! price ( ?is book to y1 & x saves y ! tr\ble ( bo!r+ ! boss4 #f? ,edition4 #aca pages4 ,price #ej c5ts4 ,,mod]n ,,ma*9e ,,%op ,,con/ruction1 ,,equipm5t ,,& ,,managem5t4 ,by ,,osc> ,e4 ,,p]rigo4 ,! only "w publi%$ t describes ! ,mod]n ,ma*9e ,%op or ,manufactur+ ,plant f ! "t ! grass is gr[+ on ! site int5d$ = x until ! f9i%$ product is %ipp$4 ,j ! book ne$$ by ^? contemplat+ ! erection ( mod]n %op build+s1 ! rebuild+ & reorganization ( old ones1 or ! introduction ( ,mod]n ,%op ,me?ods1 "t & co/ sy/ems4 ,x is a book writt5 & illu/rat$ by a practical %op man = practical %op m5 :o are too busy to read !ories & want facts4 ,x is ! mo/ complete all-ar\nd book ( its k9d ev] publi%$4 #djj l>ge qu>to pages4 #bbe orig9al & specially-made illu/rations4 ,price #e4jj ,,me*anical ,,appliances1 ,,me*anical ,,movem5ts ,,& ,,novelties ,,( ,,con/ruction4 ,by ,,g>dn] ,d4 ,,hiscox4 ,?is is a supplem5t>y volume to ! "o ^u me*anical movem5ts4 ,unlike ! fir/ volume1 :i* is m elem5t>y 9 "*1 ?is volume conta9s illu/rations & descriptions ( _m comb9ations ( motions & ( me*anical devices & appliances f\nd 9 diff]5t l9es ( ma*9]y4 ,ea* device be+ %[n by a l9e draw+ ) a description %[+ its work+ p>ts & ! me?od ( op]ation4 ,f ! multitude ( devices describ$1 & illu/rat$1 might be m5tion$1 9 pass+1 su* items z conveyors & elevators1 ,prony brakes1 !rmomet]s1 v>i\s types ( boil]s1 sol> eng9es1 oil-fuel burn]s1 cond5s]s1 evaporators1 ,corliss & o!r valve ge>s1 gov]nors1 gas eng9es1 wat] motors ( v>i\s descriptions1 air %ips1 motors & dynamos1 automobile & motor bicycles1 railway block signals1 c> c\pl]s1 l9k & ge> motions1 ball be>+s1 bree* block me*anism = heavy guns1 & a l>ge accumulation ( o!rs ( equal importance4 #a1jjj specially made engrav+s4 #cif octavo pages4 ,price #b4ej ,,me*anical ,,movem5ts1 ,,p[]s1 ,,& ,,devices4 ,by ,,g>dn] ,d4 ,,hiscox4 ,?is is a collection ( #a1hij engrav+s ( diff]5t me*anical motions & appliances1 accompani$ by appropriate text1 mak+ x a book ( great value to ! inv5tor1 ! draftsman1 & to all read]s ) me*anical ta/es4 ,! book is divid$ into eighte5 sections or *apt]s 9 :i* ! subject matt] is classifi$ "u ! foll[+ heads3 ,me*anical ,p[]s2 ,transmission ( ,p[]2 ,measurem5t ( ,p[]1 ,/eam ,p[]2 ,air ,p[] ,appliances2 ,electric ,p[] & ,con/ruction1 ,navigation & ,roads2 ,ge>+2 ,motion & ,devices2 ,controll+ ,motion2 ,horological2 ,m9+2 ,mill & ,factory ,appliances2 ,con/ruction & ,devices2 ,draft+ ,devices3 ,miscellane\s ,devices1 etc4 #ab? edition4 #djj octavo pages4 ,price #b4ej ,,ma*9e ,,%op ,,tools ,,& ,,%op ,,practice4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,v&]voort4 ,a "w ( #eee pages & #fgc illu/rations1 describ+ 9 e detail ! con/ruction1 op]ation1 & manipulation ( bo? h& & ma*9e tools4 ,includes *apt]s on fil+1 fitt+1 & scrap+ surfaces2 on drills1 ream]s1 taps1 & dies2 ! la! & its tools2 plan]s1 %ap]s1 & _! tools2 mill+ ma*9es & cutt]s2 ge> cutt]s & ge> cutt+2 drill+ ma*9es & drill "w2 gr9d+ ma*9es & _! "w2 h>d5+ & temp]+2 ge>+1 belt+ & transmission ma*9]y3 useful data & tables4 #f? edition1 ,price #c4jj ,,! ,,mod]n ,,ma*9i/4 ,by ,,john ,t4 ,,u%]4 ,?is is a book %[+1 by pla9 description & by pr(use engrav+s1 made expressly = ! "w1 all t is be/1 mo/ advanc$1 & ( ! highe/ effici5cy 9 mod]n ma*9e %op practice1 tools1 & implem5ts1 %[+ ! way by :i* & ?r\gh :i*1 z ,mr4 ,maxim says1 ,am]ican ma*9i/s h become & are ! f9e/ me*anics 9 ! _w4 ,indicat+ z x does1 9 e l9e1 ! famili>ity ( ! au?or ) e detail ( daily exp]i5ce 9 ! %op1 x _c fail to be ( s]vice to any man practically connect$ ) ! %ap+ or f9i%+ ( metals4 ,!re is no?+ exp]im5tal or vision>y ab\t ! book1 all devices be+ 9 actual use & giv+ good results4 ,x might be call$ a comp5dium ( %op me?ods1 %[+ a v>iety ( special tools & appliances :i* w give new ideas to _m me*anics1 f ! sup]9t5d5t d[n to ! man at ! b5*4 ,x w be f\nd a valuable addition to any ma*9i/'s libr>y1 & %\ld be consult$ :5ev] a new or difficult job is to be done1 :e!r x is bor+1 mill+1 turn+1 or plan+1 z !y are all treat$ 9 a practical mann]4 ,fif? ,edition4 #cbj pages4 #bej illu/rations4 ,price #b4ej ,,mod]n ,,mill+ ,,ma*9es3 ,,_! ,,design1 ,,con/ruction ,,& ,,op]ation4 ,by ,,joseph ,g4 ,,horn]4 ,?is book describes & illu/rates ! ,mill+ ,ma*9e & its "w 9 su* a pla91 cle>1 & =ceful mann]1 & illu/rates ! subject s cle>ly & completely1 t ! up-to-date ma*9i/1 /ud5t1 or me*anical eng9e] _c af=d to d )\t ! valuable in=mation :i* x conta9s4 ,x describes n only ! e>ly ma*9es ( ?is class1 b notes _! gradual developm5t into ! spl5did ma*9es ( ! pres5t day1 giv+ ! design & con/ruction ( ! v>i\s types1 =ms1 & special features produc$ by prom95t manufactur]s1 ,am]ican & =eign4 ,mill+ cutt]s 9 all _! developm5t & mod]niz$ =ms are illu/rat$ & describ$1 & ! op]ations !y are capable ( produc+ ^u diff]5t classes ( "w are c>efully describ$ 9 detail1 & ! spe$s & fe$s necess>y are discuss$1 & valuable & useful data giv5 = det]m9+ ^! usually p]plex+ problems4 ,! book is ! mo/ compreh5sive "w publi%$ on ! subject4 #cjd pages4 #cjj illu/rations4 ,price #d4jj ,,%op ,,k9ks4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,grim%aw4 ,a book ( #djj pages & #bbb illu/rations1 be+ entirely diff]5t f any o!r book on ma*9e %op practice4 ,dep>t+ f conv5tional /yle1 ! au?or avoids univ]sal or common %op usage & limits 8 "w to %[+ special ways ( do+ ?+s bett]1 m *eaply & m rapidly ?an usual4 ,z a result ! advanc$ me?ods ( repres5tative e/abli%m5ts ( ! _w are plac$ at ! disposal ( ! read]4 ,?is book %[s ! proprietor :]e l>ge sav+s are possible1 & h[ products may be improv$4 ,to ! employee x holds out sugge/ions t1 prop]ly appli$1 w ha/5 8 advancem5t4 ,no %op c af=d to be )\t x4 ,x bri/les ) valuable wr9kles & helpful sugge/ions1 ,x w b5efit all1 f appr5tice to proprietor4 ,e ma*9i/1 at any age1 %\ld /udy its pages4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,price #b4ej ,,?reads ,,& ,,?read ,,cutt+4 ,by ,,colv9 & ,,/abel4 ,?is cle>s up _m ( ! my/]ies ( ?read-cutt+1 su* z d\ble & triple ?reads1 int]nal ?reads1 cat*+ ?reads1 use ( hobs1 etc4 ,conta9s a lot ( useful h9ts & sev]al tables4 #crd ,edition4 ,price #be c5ts4 ,,tools ,,= ,,ma*9i/s ,,& ,,wood ,,work]s1 ,,includ+ ,,in/rum5ts ,,( ,,measurem5t4 ,by ,,joseph ,g4 ,,horn]4 ,! pr9ciples ^u :i* cutt+ tools = wood1 metal1 & o!r sub/ances are made are id5tical1 :e!r us$ by ! ma*9i/1 ! c>p5t]1 or by any o!r skill$ me*anic 9 _! daily "w1 & ! object ( ?is book is to give a correct & practical description ( ^! tools z !y are commonly design$1 con/ruct$1 & us$4 #cdj pages1 fully illu/rat$4 ,price #c4ej ,,manual ,,tra9+ ,,economics ,,( ,,manual ,,tra9+4 ,by ,,l\is ,,r\illion4 ,! only book publi%$ t gives j ! in=mation ne$$ by all int]e/$ 9 ,manual ,tra9+1 reg>d+ ,build+s1 ,equipm5t1 & ,supplies4 ,%[s exactly :at is ne$$ = all grades ( ! "w f ! ,k9d]g>t5 to ! ,high & ,normal ,s*ool4 ,gives itemiz$ li/s ( ev]y?+ us$ 9 ,manual ,tra9+ ,"w & tells j :at x ought to co/4 ,also %[s :]e to buy supplies1 etc4 ,conta9s #agd pages1 & is fully illu/rat$4 #bnd ,edition4 ,price #a4ej ,,m>9e ,,eng9e]+ ,,m>9e ,,eng9es ,,& ,,boil]s1 ,,_! ,,design ,,& ,,con/ruction4 ,by ,dr4 ,g4 ,,bau]1 ,,leslie ,s4 ,,rob]tson1 & ,s4 ,,bryan ,,donk94 9 ! words (4 ,dr4 ,bau]1 ! pres5t "w owes its orig9 to an (t felt want ( a ,cond5s$ ,treatise1 embody+ ! ,!oretical & ,practical ,rules us$ 9 ,design+ ,m>9e ,eng9es & ,boil]s4 ,! ne$ = su* a "w has be5 felt by mo/ eng9e]s engag$ 9 ! con/ruction & work+ ( ,m>9e ,eng9es1 n only by ! y\ng] m51 b also by ^? ( great] exp]i5ce4 ,! fact t ! orig9al ,g]man "w 0 writt5 by ! *ief eng9e] ( ! fam\s ,vulcan ,works1 ,/ett91 is 9 itself a gu>antee t ?is book is 9 all respects ?or\ghly up-to-date1 & t x embodies all ! in=mation :i* is necess>y = ! design & con/ruction ( ! highe/ types ( m>9e eng9es & boil]s4 ,x may be said t ! motive p[] :i* ,dr4 ,bau] has plac$ 9 ! fa/ ,g]man l9]s t h be5 turn$ out ( late ye>s f ! ,/ett9 ,works1 repres5t ! v be/ practice 9 m>9e eng9e]+ ( ! pres5t day4 ,?is "w is cle>ly writt51 ?or\ghly sy/ematic1 !oretically s\nd2 :ile ! "* ( its plans1 draw+s1 tables1 & /ati/ics is )\t reproa*4 ,! illu/rations are c>eful reproductions f actual work+ draw+s1 ) "s well-execut$ photographic views ( complet$ eng9es & boil]s4 #eej illu/rations & num]\s tables4 #i4jj net ,,mod]n ,,subm>9e ,,*>t4 ,a cross-section view1 %[+ cle>ly & di/9ctly all ! int]ior ( a ,subm>9e ( ! late/ type4 ,y get m in=mation f ?is *>t1 ab\t ! con/ruction & op]ation ( a ,subm>9e1 ?an 9 any o!r way4 ,no ,details omitt$-ev]y?+ is accurate & to scale4 ,x is absolutely correct 9 e detail1 hav+ be5 approv$ by ,naval ,eng9e]s4 ,all ! ma*9]y & devices fitt$ 9 a mod]n ,subm>9e ,boat are %[n & to make ! engrav+ m readily und]/ood all ! features are %[n 9 op]ative =m ) ,(fic]s & ,m5 9 ! act ( p]=m+ ! duties assign$ to !m 9 s]vice conditions4 ,?is ,,*>t ,,is ,,really ,,an ,,encyclop$ia ,,( ,a ,,subm>9e4 ,x is educational & wor? _m times its co/4 ,mail$ 9 a ,tube = #be c5ts4 #gdd pages4 ,,m9+ ,,ore ,,deposits1 ,,) ,a ,,*apt] ,,on ,,h9ts ,,to ,,prospectors4 ,by ,j4 ,p4 ,,johnson ,?is book gives a cond5s$ acc\nt ( ! ore-deposits at pres5t kn[n 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,x is also int5d$ z a guide to ! prospector4 ,only an elem5t>y k ( geology & "s m9+ exp]i5ce are necess>y 9 ord] to und]/& ?is "w4 ,) ^! qualifications1 x w mat]ially assi/ "o 9 8 se>* = metallif]\s m9]al occurr5ces &1 s f> z simple ores are conc]n$1 %\ld enable "o to =m "s idea ( ! possibilities ( any he may f9d4 ,among ! *apt]s giv5 are3 ,titanif]\s & ,*romif]\s ,iron ,oxides-,nickel-,copp]-,cobalt-,t9-,moly bd5um-,tung/5-,lead-,m]cury -,antimony-,iron-,h9ts to ,prospectors4 #b4jj ,,physics ,,& ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,m9+4 ,by ,t4 ,h4 ,,byrom4 ,a practical "w = ! use ( all prep>+ = exam9ations 9 m9+ or qualify+ = colli]y manag]s' c]tificates4 ,! aim ( ! au?or 9 ?is excell5t book is to place cle>ly be=e ! read] useful & au?oritative data :i* w r5d] him valuable assi/ance 9 8 /udies4 ,! only "w ( its k9d publi%$4 ,! in=mation incorporat$ 9 x w prove ( ! greate/ practical utility to /ud5ts1 m9+ eng9e]s1 colli]y1 manag]s1 & all o!rs :o are specially int]e/$ 9 ! pres5t-day treatm5t ( m9+ problems4 ,among its cont5ts are *apt]s on3 ,! ,atmosph]e2 ,laws ,relat+ to ! ,behavior ( ,gases2 ,! ,diffusion ( ,gases2 ,composition ( ! ,atmosph]e3 ,sundry ,con/itu5ts ( ! ,atmosph]e2 ,wat]2 ,c>bon2 ,fire-,damp2 ,combu/ion2 ,coal ,du/ & ,its ,action2 ,explosives2 ,composition ( ,v>i\s ,coals & ,fuels2 ,me?ods ( ,analysis ( ,coal2 ,/rata ,adjo9+ ! ,coal ,measures2 ,magnetism & ,electricity2 ,app5dix2 ,useful ,tables1 etc42 ,miscellane\s ,que/ions4 #afj pages4 ,illu/rat$4 #b4jj ,,practical ,,coal ,,m9+4 ,by ,t4 ,h4 ,,cock94 ,an important "w1 conta9+ #dbh pages & #bac illu/rations1 complete ) practical details1 :i* w intuitively imp>t to ! read]1 n only a g5]al k ( ! pr9ciples ( coal m9+1 b also consid]able insight into alli$ subjects4 ,?is treatise is positively up to date 9 e in/ance1 & %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e colli]y eng9e]1 geologi/1 m9e op]ator1 sup]9t5d5t1 =eman1 & all o!rs :o are int]e/$ 9 or connect$ ) ! indu/ry4 #bnd ,edition4 #b4ej ,,patt]n ,,mak+ ,,practical ,,patt]n ,,mak+4 ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,,b>r[s4 ,?is is a v complete & entirely practical treatise on ! subject ( patt]n mak+1 illu/rat+ patt]n "w 9 wood & metal4 ,f its pages y are taught j :at y %\ld "k ab\t patt]n mak+4 ,x conta9s a detail$ description ( ! mat]ials us$ by patt]n mak]s1 also ! tools1 bo? ^? = h& use1 & ! m int]e/+ ma*9e tools2 hav+ complete *apt]s on ! b& saw1 ,! ,buzz ,saw1 & ! ,la!4 ,individual patt]ns ( _m diff]5t k9ds are fully illu/rat$ & describ$1 & ! m\nt+ ( metal patt]ns on plates = mold+ ma*9es is includ$4 ,rules1 ,=mulas & ,tables are includ$1 conta9+ simple & orig9al me?ods = f9d+ ! weight ( ca/+s1 bo? f ! patt]n itself & f ! draw+s4 ,?is section conta9s "s new & practical =mulas1 :i* w be f\nd v useful 9 e/imat+ weights1 ) ! accuracy requir$ = quotations to prospective cu/om]s4 ,ali ( ^! rules are simple1 & c be put to practical use by ! ord9>y1 e-day man1 & !y h be5 prov$ by ye>s ( actual use4 ,pla9 rules = keep+ d[n ! co/ ( patt]ns1 ) a complete sy/em = *eck+ ! co/ ( & m>k+ ! patt]ns1 & a c>d record %[+ :at ! patt]n is1 mat]ial us$1 :]e locat$ 9 safe1 ) its co/ & date ( production1 is includ$4 ,! book closes ) an orig9al & practical me?od = ! inv5tory & valuation ( patt]ns4 ,conta9+ #cbf pages & #aej detail$ illu/rations4 ,price #b4jj ,,p]fum]y ,,h5ley',s ,,tw5tie? ,,c5tury ,,book ,,( ,,receipts1 ,,=mulas ,,& ,,processes4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,d4 ,,hiscox4 ,! mo/ valuable ,te*no-*emical ,receipt ,book publi%$4 ,conta9s ov] #aj1jjj practical receipts1 _m ( :i* w prove ( special value to ! p]fum]1 a m9e ( in=mation1 up-to-date 9 e respect4 ,price1 ,clo?1 #c4jj2 half morocco #d4jj ,,p]fumes ,,& ,,_! ,,prep>ation4 ,by ,g4 ,w4 ,,ask9son1 ,p]fum]4 ,a compreh5sive treatise1 9 :i* !re has be5 no?+ omitt$ t c\ld be ( value to ! ,p]fum]4 ,complete directions = mak+ h&k]*ief p]fumes1 smell+-salts1 sa*ets1 fumigat+ pa/illes3 prep>ations = ! c>e ( ! sk91 ! m\?1 ! hair1 cosmetics1 hair dyes & o!r toilet articles are giv51 also a detail$ description ( aromatic sub/ances3 _! nature1 te/s ( purity1 & :olesale manufacture4 ,a book ( g5]al1 z well z pr(essional int]e/1 meet+ ! wants n only ( ! druggi/ & p]fume manufactur]1 b also ( ! g5]al public4 ,?ird edition4 #cab pages4 ,illu/rat$4 #c4jj ,,plumb+ ,,me*anical ,,draw+ ,,= ,,plumb]s4 ,by ,r4 ,m4 ,,/>buck4 ,a concise1 compreh5sive & practical treatise on ! subject ( me*anical draw+ 9 its v>i\s mod]n applications to ! "w ( all :o are 9 any way connect$ ) ! plumb+ trade4 ,no?+ w s help ! plumb] 9 e/imat+ & 9 expla9+ "w to cu/om]s & workm5 z a k ( draw+1 & to ! workman x is ( ine/imable value if he is to rise above 8 position to positions ( great] responsibility1 ,among ! *apt]s conta9$ are3 #a4 ,value to plumb] ( k ( draw+2 tools requir$ & _! use2 common views ne$$ 9 me*anical draw+4 #b4 ,p]spective v]sus me*anical draw+ 9 %[+ plumb+ con/ruction4 #c4 ,correct & incorrect me?ods 9 plumb+ draw+2 plan & elevation expla9$4 #c4 ,floor & cell> plans & elevation2 scale draw+s2 use ( triangles4 #e4 ,use ( triangles2 draw+ ( fitt+s1 traps1 etc4 #f4 ,draw+ plumb+ elevations & fitt+s4 #g4 ,in/ructions 9 draw+ plumb+ elevations4 #h4 ,! draw+ ( plumb+ fixtures2 scale draw+s4 #i4 ,draw+ ( fixtures & fitt+s4 #aj4 ,ink+ ( draw+s4 #aa4 ,%ad+ ( draw+s4 #ab4 ,%ad+ ( draw+s4 #ac4 ,sectional draw+s2 draw+ ( ?reads4 #ad4 ,plumb+ elevations f ar*itect's plan4 #ae4 ,elevations ( sep>ate p>ts ( ! plumb+ sy/em4 #af4 ,elevations f ar*itect's plans4 #ag4 ,draw+ ( detail plumb+ connections4 #ah4 ,ar*itect's plans & plumb+ elevations ( resid5ce4 #ai4 ,plumb+ elevations ( resid5ce 7cont9u$72 plumb+ plans = cottage4 #bj4 ,plumb+ elevations2 ro( connections4 #ba4 ,plans & plumb+ elevations = six-flat build+4 #bb4 ,draw+ ( v>i\s p>ts ( ! plumb+ sy/em2 use ( scales4 #bc4 ,use ( ar*itect's scales4 #bd4 ,special features 9 ! illu/rations ( c\ntry plumb+4 #be4 ,draw+ ( wr\ght iron pip+1 valves1 radiators1 coils1 etc4 #bf4 ,draw+ ( pip+ to illu/rate heat+ sy/ems4 #aej illu/rations4 ,price #a4ej ,,mod]n ,,plumb+ ,,illu/rat$4 ,by ,r4 ,m4 ,,/>buck4 ,?is book repres5ts ! highe/ /&>d ( plumb+ "w4 ,x has be5 adopt$ & us$ z a ref]5ce book by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 9 its sanit>y "w 9 ,cuba1 ,porto ,rico1 & ! ,philipp9es1 & by ! pr9cipal ,bo>ds ( ,heal? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 ,x gives connections1 sizes & work+ data = all fixtures & gr\ps ( fixtures4 ,x is helpful to ! ma/] plumb] 9 demon/rat+ to 8 cu/om]s & 9 figur+ "w4 ,x gives ! me*anic & /ud5t quick & easy access to ! be/ mod]n plumb+ practice4 ,sugge/ions = e/imat+ plumb+ con/ruction are conta9$ 9 its pages4 ,?is book repres5ts1 9 a ^w1 ! late/ & be/ up-to-date practice1 & %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e ar*itect1 sanit>y eng9e] & plumb] :o wi%es to keep himself up to ! m9ute on ?is important feature ( con/ruction4 ,conta9s foll[+ *apt]s1 ea* illu/rat$ ) a full-page plate3 ,kit*5 s9k1 laundry tubs1 vegetable wa% s9k2 lavatories1 pantry s9ks1 cont5ts ( m>ble slabs2 ba? tub1 foot & sitz ba?1 %[] ba?2 wat] closets1 v5t+ ( wat] closets2 l[-d[n wat] closets1 wat] closets op]at$ by flu% valves1 wat] closet range2 slop s9k1 ur9als1 ! bidet3 hotel & re/aurant s9k1 grease trap2 refrig]ators1 safe wa/es1 laundry wa/e2 l9es ( refrig]ators1 b> s9ks1 soda f\nta9 s9ks2 horse /all1 fro/-pro( wat] closets2 connections = ,s traps1 v5t+2 connections = drum traps2 soil pipe connections2 support+ ( soil pipe2 ma9 trap & fre% air inlet2 floor dra9s & cell> dra9s1 subsoil dra9age2 wat] closets & floor connections2 local v5t+2 connections = ba? rooms2 connections = ba? rooms1 cont9u$2 connections = ba? rooms1 cont9u$2 connections = ba? rooms1 cont9u$2 examples ( poor practice2 r\gh+-"w ready = te/2 te/+ ( plumb+ sy/em2 me?od ( cont9u\s v5t+2 cont9u\s v5t+ = two-floor "w2 cont9u\s v5t+ = two l9es ( fixtures on ?ree or m floors2 cont9u\s v5t+ ( wat] closets2 plumb+ = cottage h\se2 con/ruction = cell> pip+2 plumb+ = resid5ce1 use ( special fitt+s2 plumb+ = two-flat h\se2 plumb+ = ap>tm5t build+2 plumb+ = d\ble ap>tm5t build+2 plumb+ = (fice build+2 plumb+ = public toilet rooms2 plumb+ = public toilet rooms1 cont9u$2 plumb+ = ba? e/abli%m5t2 plumb+ = eng9e h\se1 factory plumb+2 automatic flu%+ = s*ools1 factories1 etc42 use ( flu%+ valves2 ur9als = public toilet rooms2 ! ,durham sy/em1 ! de/ruction ( pipes by electrolysis2 con/ruction ( "w )\t use ( lead2 ,automatic sewage lift1 automatic sump tank2 c\ntry plumb+2 con/ruction ( cesspools2 septic tank & automatic sewage siphon2 c\ntry plumb+2 wat] supply = c\ntry h\se2 ?aw+ ( wat] ma9s & s]vice by electricity2 d\ble boil]s2 hot wat] supply ( l>ge build+s2 automatic control ( hot wat] tank2 sugge/ions = e/imat+ plumb+ con/ruction4 #djj octavo pages1 fully illu/rat$ by #ee full-page engrav+s4 ,price #d4jj ,,/&>d ,,practical ,,plumb+4 ,by ,r4 ,m4 ,,/>buck4 ,a complete practical treatise ( #dej pages cov]+ ! subject ( ,mod]n ,plumb+ 9 all its bran*es1 a l>ge am\nt ( space be+ devot$ to a v complete & practical treatm5t ( ! subject ( ,hot ,wat] ,supply & ,circulation & ,range ,boil] ,"w4 ,its ?irty *apt]s include ab\t e phase ( ! subject "o c ?9k (1 mak+ x an indisp5sable "w to ! ma/] plumb]1 ! j\rneyman plumb]1 & ! appr5tice plumb]1 conta9+ *apt]s on3 ! plumb]'s tools2 wip+ sold]1 composition & use2 jo9t wip+2 lead "w2 traps2 siphonage ( traps2 v5t+2 cont9u\s v5t+2 h\se sew] & sew] connections2 h\se dra92 soil pip+1 r\gh+2 ma9 trap & fre% air inlet2' floor1 y>d1 cell> dra9s1 ra9 lead]s1 etc42 fixture wa/es3 wat] closets2 v5tilation2 improv$ plumb+ connections2 resid5ce plumb+2 plumb+ = hotels1 s*ools1 factories1 /ables1 etc42 mod]n c\ntry plumb+2 filtration ( sewage & wat] supply2 hot & cold supply2 range boil]s2 circulation2 circulat+1 pipes2 range boil] problems2 hot wat] = l>ge build+s2 wat] lift & its use2 multiple connections = hot wat] boil]s2 heat+ ( radiation by supply sy/em2 !ory = ! plumb]2 draw+ = ! plumb]4 ,fully illu/rat$ by #cdg engrav+s4 ,price #c4jj ,,receipt ,,book ,,h5ley',s ,,tw5tie? ,,c5tury ,,book ,,( ,,receipts1 ,,=mulas ,,& ,,processes4 ,edit$ by ,,g>dn] ,d4 ,,hiscox4 ,! mo/ valuable ,te*no-*emical ,receipt ,book publi%$1 includ+ ov] #aj1jjj select$ sci5tific1 *emical1 te*nological1 & practical receipts & processes4 ,?is is ! mo/ complete ,book ( ,receipts ev] publi%$1 giv+ ?\s&s ( receipts = ! manufactur] ( valuable articles = ev]yday use4 ,h9ts1 ,helps1 ,practical ,ideas1 & ,secret ,processes are reveal$ )9 its pages4 ,x cov]s e bran* ( ! useful arts & tells ?\s&s ( ways ( mak+ money an j ! book ev]yone %\ld h at 8 comm&4 ,mod]n 9 its treatm5t ( e subject t prop]ly falls )9 its scope1 ! book may tru?fully be said to pres5t ! v late/ =mulas to be f\nd 9 ! arts & indu/ries & to reta9 ^? processes :i* long exp]i5ce has prov5 wor?y ( a p]man5t record4 ,to pres5t "h ev5 a limit$ numb] ( ! subjects :i* f9d a place 9 ?is valuable "w w\ld be difficult4 ,suffice to say t 9 its pages w be f\nd matt] ( int5se int]e/ & immeasurable practical value to ! sci5tific amateur & to him :o wi%es to obta9 a k ( ! _m processes us$ 9 ! arts1 trades & manufactures1 a k :i* w r5d] 8 pursuits m in/ructive & remun]ative4 ,s]v+ z a ref]5ce book to ! small & l>ge manufactur] & supply+ intellig5t seek]s ) ! in=mation necess>y to conduct a process1 ! "w w be f\nd ( ine/imable wor? to ! ,metallurgi/1 ! ,photograph]1 ! ,p]fum]1 ! ,pa9t]1 ! ,manufactur] ( ,glues1 ,pa/es1 ,cem5ts1 & ,mucilages1 ! ,comp\nd] ( ,alloys1 ! ,cook1 ! ,physician1 ! ,druggi/1 ! ,electrician1 ! ,brew]1 ! ,eng9e]1 ! ,f\ndryman1 ! ,ma*9i/1 ! ,pott]1 ! ,tann]1 ! ,confection]1 ! ,*iropodi/1 ! ,manicure1 ! ,manufactur] ( ,*emical ,novelties & ,toilet ,prep>ations1 ! ,dy]1 ! ,electroplat]1 ! ,enamel]1 ! ,engrav]1 ! ,provision]1 ! ,glass ,work]1 ! ,goldbeat]1 ! ,wat*mak]1 ! ,jewel]1 ! ,hat ,mak]1 ! ,ink ,manufactur]1 ! ,optician1 ! ,f>m]1 ! ,dairyman1 ! ,pap] ,mak]1 ! ,wood & ,metal ,work]1 ! ,*&l] & ,soap ,mak]1 ! ,vet]9>y ,surgeon1 & ! ,te*nologi/ 9 g5]al4 ,a m9e ( in=mation1 & up-to-date 9 e respect4 ,a book :i* w prove ( value to ,,ev]yone1 z x cov]s e bran* ( ! ,useful ,arts4 #hjj pages4 ,price #c4jj ,,:at ,,is ,,said ,,( ,,?is ,,book3 ,y\r ,tw5tie? ,c5tury ,book ( ,receipts1 ,=mulas & ,processes duly receiv$4 ,i am glad to h a copy ( x1 & if ,i c\ld n replace x money c\ldn't buy x4 ,x is ! be/ ?+ ( ! sort ,i ev] saw4 7,sign$7 ,m4 ,e4 ,,trux1 ,sp>ta1 ,wis4 ,!re are few p]sons :o w\ld n be able to f9d 9 ! book "s s+le =mula t w\ld repay sev]al times ! co/ ( ! book4 ,m]*ant's ,record & ,%[ ,w9d[4 ,,rubb] ,,rubb] ,,h& ,,/amps ,,& ,,! ,,manipulation ,,( ,,india ,,rubb]4 ,by ,t4 ,o',,conor ,,sloane4 ,?is book gives full details on all po9ts1 treat+ 9 a concise & simple mann] ! elem5ts ( ne>ly ev]y?+ x is necess>y to und]/& = a comm5cem5t 9 any bran* ( ! ,india ,rubb] ,manufacture4 ,! mak+ ( all k9ds ( ,rubb] ,h& ,/amps1 ,small ,articles ( ,india ,rubb]1 ,u4 ,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,composition1 ,dat+ ,h& ,/amps1 ! ,manipulation ( ,%eet ,rubb]1 ,toy ,balloons1 ,india ,rubb] ,solutions1 ,cem5ts1 ,black+s1 ,r5ovat+ ,v>ni%1 & ,treatm5t = ,india ,rubb] ,%oes1 etc42 ! ,hektograph ,/amp ,inks1 & ,miscellane\s ,notes1 ) a ,%ort ,acc\nt ( ! ,discov]y1 ,collection1 & ,manufacture ( ,india ,rubb] are set =? 9 a mann] design$ to be readily und]/ood1 ! explanations be+ pla9 & simple4 ,includ+ a *apt] on ,rubb] ,tire ,mak+ & ,vulcaniz+2 also a *apt] on ! uses ( rubb] 9 ,surg]y & ,d5ti/ry4 ,?ird revis$ & enl>g$ edition #age pages4 ,illu/rat$4 #a4jj ,,saws ,,saw ,,fil+s ,,& ,,managem5t ,,( ,,saws4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,grim%aw4 ,a practical h& book on fil+1 gumm+1 swag+1 hamm]+1 & ! braz+ ( b& saws1 ! spe$1 "w1 & p[] to run circul> saws1 etc4 ,a h&y book = ^? :o h *>ge ( saws1 or = ^? me*anics :o d _! own fil+1 z x deals ) ! prop] %ape & pit*es ( saw tee? ( all k9ds & gives _m useful h9ts & rules = gumm+1 sett+1 & til+1 & is a practical aid to ^? :o use saws = any purpose4 ,new edition1 revis$ & enl>g$4 ,illu/rat$4 ,price #a4jj ,,/eam ,,eng9e]+ ,,am]ican ,,/ation>y ,,eng9e]+4 ,by ,w4 ,e4 ,,crane4 ,?is book beg9s at ! boil] room & takes 9 ! :ole p[] plant4 ,a pla9 talk on e-day "w ab\t eng9es1 boil]s1 & _! accessories4 ,x is n int5d$ to be sci5tific or ma!matical4 ,all =mulas are 9 simple =m s t any "o und]/&+ pla9 ari?metic c readily und]/& any ( !m4 ,! au?or has made ?is ! mo/ practical book 9 pr9t2 has giv5 ! results ( 8 ye>s ( exp]i5ce1 & has includ$ ab\t all t has to d ) an eng9e room or a p[] plant4 ,y are n left to guess at a s+le po9t4 ,y are %[n cle>ly :at to expect "u ! v>i\s conditions2 h[ to secure ! be/ results2 ways ( prev5t+ %ut d[ns & repairs2 9 %ort1 all t goes to make up ! requirem5ts ( a good eng9e]1 capable ( tak+ *>ge ( a plant4 ,x's pla9 en\gh = practical m5 & yet ( value to ^? high 9 ! pr(ession4 ,a p>tial li/ ( cont5ts is3 ,! boil] room1 clean+ boil]s1 fir+1 fe$+2 pumps2 inspection & repair2 *imneys1 sizes & co/2 pip+2 mason "w2 f\ndations2 te/+ cem5t2 pile driv+2 eng9es1 sl[ & high spe$2 valves2 valve sett+2 ,corliss eng9es1 sett+ valves1 s+le & d\ble ecc5tric2 air pumps & cond5s]s2 diff]5t types ( cond5s]s2 wat] ne$$2 l9+ up2 p\nds2 p9s n squ>e 9 cros%ead or crank2 eng9e]s' tools2 pi/ons & pi/on r+s2 be>+ metal2 h>d5$ copp]2 drip pipes f cyl9d] jackets2 belts1 h[ made1 c>e (2 oils2 greases2 te/+ lubricants2 rules & tables1 includ+ /eam tables2 areas ( segm5ts2 squ>es & squ>e root2 cubes & cube root2 areas & circumf]5ces ( circles4 ,notes on3 ,brick "w2 explosions2 pumps2 pump valves2 heat]s1 economiz]s2 safety valves2 lap1 lead1 & cle>ance4 ,has a complete exam9ation = a lic5se1 etc41 etc4 ,second edition4 #bhe pages4 ,illu/rat$4 ,price #b4jj ,,em95t ,,eng9e]s4 ,by ,,dwight ,,godd>d4 ,ev]yone :o appreciates ! effect ( su* great inv5tions z ! ,/eam ,eng9e1 ,/eamboat1 ,locomotive1 ,sew+ ,ma*9e1 ,/eel ,work+1 & o!r fundam5tal discov]ies1 is int]e/$ 9 kn[+ a little ab\t ! m5 :o made !m & _! a*ievem5ts4 ,mr4 ,godd>d has select$ ?irty-two ( ! _w's eng9e]s :o h contribut$ mo/ l>gely to ! advancem5t ( our civilization by me*anical means1 giv+ only su* facts z are ( g5]al int]e/ & 9 a way :i* appeals to all1 :e!r me*anics or n4 #bhj pages4 #ce illu/rations4 ,price #a4ej ,,eng9e ,,runn]',s ,,cate*ism4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,grim%aw4 ,a practical treatise = ! /ation>y eng9e]1 tell+ h[ to erect1 adju/ & run ! pr9cipal /e>n eng9es 9 use 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,describ+ ! pr9cipal features ( v>i\s special & well-kn[n makes ( eng9es3 ,temp] ,cut-(f1 ,%ipp+ & ,receiv+ ,f\ndations1 ,erect+ & ,/>t+1 ,valve ,sett+1 ,c>e & ,use1 ,em]g5cies1 ,erect+ & ,adju/+ ,special ,eng9es4 ,! que/ions ask$ ?r\gh\t ! cate*ism are pla9 & to ! po9t1 & ! answ]s are giv5 9 su* simple language z to be readily und]/ood by anyone4 ,all ! in/ructions giv5 are complete ad up-to-date2 & !y are writt5 9 a popul> /yle1 )\t any te*nicalities or ma!matical =mulae4 ,! "w is ( a h&y size = ! pocket1 cle>ly & well pr9t$1 nicely b\nd1 & pr(usely illu/rat$4 ,to "y eng9e]s ?is cate*ism w be ( great value1 especially to ^? :o may be prep>+ to g =w>d to be exam9$ = c]tificates ( compet5cy2 & to eng9e]s g5]ally x w be ( no little s]vice1 z !y w f9d 9 ?is volume m really practical & useful in=mation ?an is to be f\nd any:]e else )9 a l compass4 #chg pages4 ,sev5? edition4 ,price #b4jj ,,eng9e ,,te/s ,,& ,,boil] ,,effici5cies4 ,by ,j4 ,,bu*etti4 ,?is "w fully describes & illu/rates ! me?od ( te/+ ! p[] ( /eam eng9es1 turb9es & explosive motors4 ,! prop]ties ( /eam & ! evaporative p[] ( fuels4 ,combu/ion ( fuel & *imney draft2 ) =mulas expla9$ or practically comput$ #bee pages1 #agi illu/rations4 #c4jj ,,horsep[] ,,*>t4 ,%[s ! horsep[] ( any /ation>y eng9e )\t calculation4 ,no matt] :at ! cyl9d] diamet] ( /roke2 ! /eam pressure or cut (f2 ! revolutions1 or :e!r cond5s+ or non-cond5s+1 x's all !re4 ,easy to use1 accurate1 & saves "t & calculations4 ,especially useful to eng9e]s & design]s4 #ej c5ts4 ,,mod]n ,,/eam ,,eng9e]+ ,,9 ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice4 ,by ,,g>dn] ,d4 ,,hiscox4 ,?is is a complete & practical "w issu$ = ,/ation>y ,eng9e]s & firem5 deal+ ) ! c>e & managem5t ( boil]s1 eng9es1 pumps1 sup]heat$ /eam1 refrig]at+ ma*9]y1 dynamos1 motors1 elevators1 air compressors1 & all o!r bran*es ) :i* ! mod]n eng9e] mu/ be famili>4 ,ne>ly #bjj que/ions ) _! answ]s on /eam & electrical eng9e]+1 likely to be ask$ by ! ,exam9+ ,bo>d1 are includ$4 ,among ! *apt]s are3 ,hi/orical2 /eam & its prop]ties2 appliances = ! g5]ation ( /eam2 types ( boil]s2 *imney & its "w2 heat economy ( ! fe$ wat]2 /eam pumps & _! "w2 incru/ation & its "w2 /eam above atmosph]ic pressure2 fl[ ( /eam f nozzles2 sup]heat$ /eam & its "w2 adiabatic expansion ( /eam2 indicator & its "w2 /eam eng9e proportions2 slide valve eng9es & valve motion2 ,corliss eng9e & its valve ge>2 comp\nd eng9e & its !ory2 triple & multiple expansion eng9e4 /eam turb9e2 refrig]ation2 elevators & _! managem5t2 co/ ( p[]2 /eam eng9e tr\bles2 electric p[] & electric plants4 #dhg pages4 #dje engrav+s4 ,price #c4jj ,,/eam ,,eng9e ,,cate*ism4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,grim%aw4 ,?is unique volume ( #dac pages is n only a cate*ism on ! "q & answ] pr9ciple2 b x conta9s =mulas & work$-out answ]s = all ! ,/eam problems t app]ta9 to ! op]ation & managem5t ( ! ,/eam ,eng9e4 ,illu/rations ( v>i\s valves & valve ge> ) _! pr9ciples ( op]ation are giv54 ,?irty-f\r ,tables t are indisp5sable to e eng9e] & fireman t wi%es to be progressive & is ambiti\s to become ma/] ( 8 call+ are )9 its pages4 ,x is a mo/ valuable in/ructor 9 ! s]vice ( ,/eam ,eng9e]+4 ,lead+ eng9e]s h recomm5d$ x z a valuable educator = ! beg9n] z well z a ref]5ce book = ! eng9e]4 ,x is ?or\ghly index$ = e detail4 ,e ess5tial "q on ! ,/eam ,eng9e ) its answ] is conta9$ 9 ?is valuable "w4 ,sixte5? edition4 ,price #b4jj ,,/eam ,,eng9e]',s ,,ari?metic4 ,by ,,colv9-,,*5ey4 ,a practical pocket book = ! /eam eng9e]4 ,%[s h[ to "w ! problems ( ! eng9e room & %[s :y4 ,tells h[ to figure horse-p[] ( eng9es & boil]s2 area ( boil]s2 has tables ( areas & circumf]5ces2 /eam tables2 has a diction>y ( eng9e]+ t]ms4 ,puts y on to all all ( ! little k9ks 9 figur+ :atev] !re is to figure ar\nd a p[] plant4 ,tells y ab\t ! heat unit2 absolute z]o2 adiabatic expansion2 duty ( eng9es2 factor ( safety2 & #a1jja o!r ?+s2 & ev]y?+ is pla9 & simple--n ! h>de/ way to figure1 b ! easie/4 #bnd ,edition4 #ej c5ts4 ,,/eam ,,heat+ ,,& ,,v5tilation ,,practical ,,/eam1 ,,hot-,,wat] ,,heat+ ,,& ,,v5tilation4 ,by ,a4 ,g4 ,,k+4 ,?is book is ! /&>d & late/ "w publi%$ on ! subject & has be5 prep>$ = ! use ( all engag$ 9 ! bus9ess ( /eam1 hot wat] heat+1 & v5tilation4 ,x is an orig9al & exhau/ive "w4 ,tells h[ to get heat+ contracts1 h[ to in/all heat+ & v5tilat+ app>atus1 ! be/ bus9ess me?ods to be us$1 ) ,tricks ( ! ,trade = %op use4 ,rules & data = e/imat+ radiation & co/ & su* tables & in=mation z make x an indisp5sable "w = ev]yone int]e/$ 9 /eam1 hot wat] heat+1 & v5tilation4 ,x describes all ! pr9cipal sy/ems ( /eam1 hot wat]1 vacuum1 vapor1 & vacuum-vapor heat+1 toge!r ) ! new accel]at$ sy/ems ( hot wat] circulation1 includ+ *apt]s on up-to-date me?ods ( v5tilation & ! fan or bl[] sy/em ( heat+ & v5tilation4 ,conta9+ *apt]s on3 ,i4 ,introduction4 ,,ii4 ,heat4 ,,iii4 ,evolution ( artificial heat+ app>atus4 ,,iv4 ,boil] surface & sett+s4 ,v4 ,! *imney flue4 ,,vi4 ,pipe & fitt+s4 ,,vii4 ,valves1 v>i\s k9ds4 ,,viii4 ,=ms ( radiat+ surfaces4 ,,ix4 ,locat+ ( radiat+ surfaces4 ,x4 ,e/imat+ radiation4 ,,xi4 ,/eam-heat+ app>atus4 ,,xii4 ,exhau/-/eam heat+4 ,,xiii4 ,hot-wat] heat+4 ,,xiv4 ,pressure sy/ems ( hot-wat] "w4 ,,xv4 ,hot-wat] appliances4 ,,xvi4 ,gre5h\se heat+4 ,,xvii4 ,vacuum vapor & vacuum exhau/ heat+4 ,,xviii4 ,miscellane\s heat+4 ,,xix4 ,radiator & pipe connections4 ,,xx4 ,v5tilation4 ,,xxi4 ,me*anical v5tilation & hot-bla/ heat+4 ,,xxii4 ,/eam appliances4 ,,xxiii4 ,di/rict heat+4 ,,xxiv4 ,pipe & boil] cov]+4 ,,xxv4 ,temp]ature regulation & heat1 control4 ,,xxvi4 ,bus9ess me?ods4 ,,xxvii4 ,miscellane\s4 ,,xxvii4 ,rules1 tables & useful in=mation4 #cfg pages4 #cjj detail$ engrav+s4 ,price #c4jj ,,/eam ,,pipes ,,/eam ,,pipes3 ,,_! ,,design ,,& ,,con/ruction4 ,by ,,wm4 ,h4 ,,boo?4 ,! "w is well illu/rat$ 9 reg>d to pipe jo9ts1 expansion (fsets1 flexible jo9ts1 & self-conta9$ slid+ jo9ts = tak+ up ! expansion ( long pipes4 ,9 fact1 ! *apt]s on ! fl[ ( /eam & expansion ( pipes are mo/ valuable to all /eam fitt]s & us]s4 ,! pressure /r5g? ( pipes & me?od ( hang+ !m are well treat$ & illu/rat$4 ,valves & by-passes are fully illu/rat$ & describ$1 z are also flange jo9ts & _! prop] proportions1 exhau/ heads & sep>ators4 ,"o ( ! mo/ valuable *apt]s is t on sup]heat$ /eam & ! sav+ ( /eam by insulation ) ! v>i\s k9ds ( felt+ & o!r mat]ials ) comp>ison tables ( ! loss ( heat 9 !rmal units f nak$ & felt$ /eam pipes4 ,conta9s #ahg pages4 ,price #b4jj ,,/eel ,,am]ican ,,/eel ,,work]4 ,by ,e4 ,r4 ,,m>kham4 ,?is book tells h[ to select1 & h[ to "w1 temp]1 h>d51 & anneal /eel = ev]y?+ on e>?4 ,x doesn't tell h[ to temp] "o class ( tools & !n leave ! treatm5t ( ano!r k9d ( tool to y\r imag9ation & judgm5t1 b x gives c>eful in/ructions = e detail ( e tool1 :e!r x be a tap1 a ream] or j a screw-driv]4 ,x tells ab\t temp]+ ( small wat* spr+s1 ! h>d5+ ( cutl]y1 & ! anneal+ ( dies4 ,9 fact !re isn't a ?+ t a /eel work] w\ld want to "k t isn't includ$4 ,x is ! /&>d book on select+1 h>d5+1 & temp]+ all grades ( /eel4 ,among ! *apt] head+s might be m5tion$ ! foll[+ subjects3 ,introduction2 ! workman2 /eel2 me?ods ( heat+2 heat+ tool /eel2 =g+2 anneal+2 h>d5+ ba?s2 ba?s = h>d5+2 h>d5+ /eel2 draw+ ! temp] aft] h>d5+2 examples ( h>d5+2 pack h>d5+2 case h>d5+2 spr+ temp]+2 mak+ tools ( ma*9e /eel2 special ,/eels2 /eel = v>i\s tools2 causes ( tr\ble2 high spe$ /eels1 etc4 #cff pages4 ,illu/rat$4 #b4ej ,,h>d5+1 ,,temp]+1 ,,anneal+1 ,,& ,,=g+ ,,( ,,/eel4 ,by ,j4 ,v4 ,,woodwor?4 ,a new "w treat+ 9 a cle>1 concise mann] all mod]n processes = ! heat+1 anneal+ =g+1 weld+1 h>d5+1 & temp]+ ( /eel1 mak+ x a book ( great practical value to ! metal-work+ me*anic 9 g5]al1 ) special directions = ! successful h>d5+ & temp]+ ( all /eel tools us$ 9 ! arts1 includ+ mill+ cutt]s1 taps1 ?read dies1 ream]s1 bo? solid & %ell1 holl[ mills1 pun*es & dies1 & all k9ds ( %eet metal work+ tools1 %e> blades1 saws1 f9e cutl]y1 & metal cutt+ tools ( all description1 z well z = all implem5ts ( /eel bo? l>ge & small4 ,9 ?is "w ! simple/ & mo/ satisfactory h>d5+ & temp]+ processes are giv54 ,! uses to :i* ! lead+ br&s ( /eel may be adapt$ are concisely pres5t$1 & _! treatm5t = work+ "u diff]5t conditions expla9$1 also ! special me?ods = ! h>d5+ & temp]+ ( special br&s4 ,a *apt] devot$ to ! diff]5t processes = ,case-h>d5+ is also includ$1 & special ref]5ce made to ! adoption ( ma*9]y /eel = tools ( v>i\s k9ds4 #d? ,edition #bhh pages4 #bja ,illu/rations4 ,price #b4ej ,,turb9es ,,m>9e ,,/eam ,,turb9es4 ,by ,,dr4 ,g4 ,,bau] & ,o4 ,,las*e4 ,assi/$ by ,e4 ,ludwig & ,h4 ,vogel4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man & edit$ by ,m4 ,g4 ,s4 ,swall[4 ,?is "w =ms a supplem5t>y volume to ! book entitl$ ,m>9e ,eng9es & ,boil]s4 ,! au?ors ( ?is book1 ,dr4 ,g4 ,bau] & ,o4 ,las*e1 may be reg>d$ z ! lead+ au?orities on turb9e con/ruction4 ,! book is ess5tially practical & discusses turb9es 9 :i* ! full expansion ( /eam passes ?r\gh a numb] ( sep>ate turb9es arrang$ = driv+ two or m %afts1 z 9 ! ,p>sons sy/em1 & turb9es 9 :i* ! complete expansion ( /eam f inlet to exhau/ pressure occurs 9 a turb9e on "o %aft1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,curtis ma*9es4 ,x w enable a design] to c>ry out all ! ord9>y calculations necess>y = ! con/ruction ( /eam turb9es1 h5ce x fills a want :i* is h>dly met by l>g] & m !oretical works4 ,num]\s tables1 curves & diagrams w be f\nd1 :i* expla9 ) rem>kable lucidity ! reason :y turb9e blades are design$ z !y are1 ! c\rse :i* /eam takes ?r\gh turb9es ( v>i\s types1 ! !rmodynamics ( /eam turb9e calculation1 ! influ5ce ( vacuum on /eam consumption ( /eam turb9es1 etc4 ,9 a ^w1 ! v in=mation :i* a design] & build] ( /eam turb9es mo/ requires4 ,! book is divid$ into p>ts z foll[s3 #a4 ,introduction4 #b4 ,g5]al rem>ks on ! design ( a turb9e in/allation4 #c4 ,! calculation ( /eam turb9es4 #d4 ,turb9e design4 #e4 ,%aft+ & propell]s4 #f4 ,cond5s+ plant4 #g4 ,arrangem5t ( turb9es4 #h4 ,g5]al rem>ks on ! arrangem5t ( /eam turb9es 9 /eam]s4 #i4 ,turb9e-driv5 auxili>ies4 #aj4 ,tables4 ,l>ge octavo4 #bad pages4 ,fully illu/rat$ & conta9+ #ah tables4 ,includ+ an entropy *>t4 ,price1 net1 #c4fj ,,wat* ,,mak+ ,,wat*mak]',s ,,h&book4 ,by ,,claudius ,,sauni]4 ,?is fam\s "w has n[ rea*$ its sev5? edition & !re is no "w issu$ t c comp>e to x = cle>ness & complet5ess4 ,x conta9s #dih pages & is int5d$ z a work%op companion = ^? engag$ 9 ,wat*-mak+ & alli$ ,me*anical ,arts4 ,ne>ly #bej engrav+s & f\rte5 plates are includ$4 ,price #c4jj ,,! ,,greate/ ,,book ,,ev] ,,(f]$ ,,to ,,! ,,public6 ,,new ,,revis$ ,,edition ,h5ley's ,tw5tie? ,c5tury ,book ( ,,recipes1 ,,=mulas ,,& ,,processes ,edit$ by ,,g>dn] ,d4 ,,hiscox1 ,m4 ,e4 ,price #c4jj ,h&some ,clo? ,b9d+ #d4jj ,half ,morocco ,b9d+ #hjj ,l>ge ,octavo 7#f x #i #a_/b7 ,,pages ,conta9s ov] #aj1jjj ,select$ ,processes1 ,=mulas & ,practical ,recipes1 ,includ+ hundr$s ( s-call$ ,trade ,secrets = e bus9ess ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,money ,?is new book ( processes & =mulas is ! late/ & greate/ compilation ( ! k9d ev] publi%$4 ,x is a /&>d "w--an au?ority--a fir/ aid--& a c\rt ( la/ resort on ,:at to ,make & ,h[ to ,make ,x4 ,x conta9s m ?an #aj1jjj practical recipes & =mulas = ev]yday use 9 bus9ess1 at home or 9 ! factory4 ,ev]y?+ y want to make--,antiseptics1 ,wat]pro(+1 ,lubricants1 ,ru/ ,prev5tives1 ,dyes1 ,filt]s1 ,clean+ ,prep>ations1 ,enamel+1 ,bev]ages1 ,inks1 ,adhesives1 ,poli%es1 ,dis9fectants1 ,flavor+s1 ,cosmetics1 ,c]amics1 etc41 etc4 ,photography is treat$ 9 all ( its v>i\s bran*es1 z are also ,plat+1 ,pa9t+1 ,lea!r ,"w1 etc4 ,te/s = ,food ,adult]ants are fully cov]$2 h[ to make fly pap]2 to color fl[]s artifically2 to e/imate weight ( ice by measurem5t2 to make mat]ials firepro(2 to "w ) metals-alum9um1 brass1 etc42 to make any?+ & ev]y?+1 f ,a to ,z4 ,!re is n a home1 (fice1 factory1 or place ( bus9ess ( any k9d t does n actually ne$ ?is book4 ,x is a money sav] & a money mak]2 x appeals to ! "y z well z to ! old4 ,great bus9ess ent]prises all[ _! success to ! manufacture or sale ( "s simple inv5tion or comp\nd--usually ! result ( an exp]im5t at home4 ,) ?is late/ book ( practical =mulas ! boy ( to-day has a f> bett] opportunity ?an 8 fa!r--& ! "m & si/]s c develop an indu/ry ( _! own t w produce a com=table income4 ,we live 9 ! mo/ progressive c\ntry on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,we owe x to ourselves to advance--to le>n--to progress4 ,we c't af=d to /& /ill4 ,!n le>n m1 s y c e>n m4 ,pr(it by ! k t has made o!rs successful4 ,n[ is ! "t-y c't le>n y\ng]4 ,get ?is book at once4 ,copies ( ?is books s5t prepaid to any address on receipt ( price4 ,,! ,,norman ,w4 ,,h5ley ,,publi%+ ,,co41 #acb ,,nassau ,,/reet4 ,,new ,,york4