,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,additional ,transcrib]'s ,notes are at ! end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,p5man%ip ,tea*+ & ,sup]vision ,,p5man%ip ,tea*+ & ,sup]vision ,,by ,,leta ,,sev]ance ,,hiles ,sup]visor ( ,p5man%ip ,long ,bea*1 ,cali=nia ,,jesse ,,ray ,,mill] #cdgd ,,univ]sity ,,av5ue ,,los ,,angeles 99 99 99 99 99 ,,copyright #aibd1 ,,by ,,jesse ,,ray ,,mill] ,,fir/ ,,pr9t+ ,,april1 #aibd ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,press ( ,jesse ,ray ,mill] ,los ,angeles ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,p5man%ip ,,problem #i ,! ,comm]cial ,factor--,! ,educational ,factor--,educational ,value4 ,,ii ,,fundam5tals ,,conc]n$ ,,9 ,,! ,,problem #ae ,physical ,tra9+ ,phase--,correct ,po/ure--,correct ,movem5t--,visualization ( ,lett] ,=ms--,practice-- ,application ( ! ,correct ,habits to ,daily ,requirem5ts4 ,,iii ,,! ,,g5]ally ,,accept$ ,,solution3 ,,muscul> ,,movem5t #dc ,cons]vation ( ,heal? a ,prime ,factor 9 ! ,solution-- ,economy ( ,"t a ,result ( ! ,solution4 ,,iv ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,tea*] #ea ,! ,te*nique ( ! ,subject--,! ,ability to ,secure ,results--,! ,p5man%ip ,p]spective4 ,v ,,suitable ,,equipm5t ,,& ,,mat]ials #fa ,text--,blackbo>d & ! ,use ( ,x--,pap]--,fold]s-- ,p5cil--,p5--,p5hold]--,blott]--,ink--,e conomy 9 ! ,use ( ,mat]ial4 ,,vi ,,"s ,,workable ,,sugge/ions #gb ,h[ to ,/udy--,h[ to ,move & ,slant ! ,pap]-- ,blackbo>d ,"w ( ! ,pupils--,"n ,c>ds--,figures-- ,alphabet--,endurance ,te/s--,objectives 9 ,good ,writ+ ,habits--,progress ,lesson--,segregation--,l9e ,quality-- ,samples--,prep>ation = ! regul> ,visit ( ! ,sup]visor--,c\nt+--,use ( ! ,timepiece--,aw>ds--,use ( ,/&>d ,p5man%ip ,te/s4 ,,vii ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,! ,,grades1 ,,junior ,,& ,,s5ior ,,high ,,s*ools #he ,a ,g5]al ,n a ,specific ,plan--,fir/ ,grade--,second ,grade--,?ird ,grade--,f\r? ,grade--,fif? ,grade--,six? ,grade--,sev5? ,grade--,eigh? ,grade--,junior ,high ,s*ool--,s5ior ,high ,s*ool4 ,,viii ,,sup]vision ,,& ,,! ,,p5man%ip ,,sup]visor #aac ,sup]vision 9 ! ,pa/--,function ( ! ,sup]visor-- ,lead]%ip a ,prime ,qualification--,p]sonality a ,necess>y ,qualification--,broad ,prep>ation ,indisp5sable to ! ,sup]visor--,cont9ual ,prep>ation ,ess5tial-- ,rat+--,! ,be/ ,qualifi$ ,sup]visor4 ,,bibliography #abc ,,index #abf ,,introduction ,read+1 writ+1 & ari?metic h = long be5 look$ ^u z ! fundam5tals 9 education4 ,& 9 v tru? !y are4 ,altoge!r too little att5tion has be5 giv5 ! expression ( ?\ght involv$ 9 ! /udy ( any s*ool subject :e!r su* expression takes ! =m ( oral or writt5 language4 ,9 fact1 _m failures 9 s*ool & misund]/&+s 9 actual life are due to inability to prop]ly int]pret text1 read intellig5tly1 or speak correctly4 ,no small "p ( ?is entire problem1 especially :5 appli$ to grade pupils1 is ! me*anical or p5man%ip side4 ,ev]y:]e !re is criticism1 on ! "p ( tea*]s & p>5ts1 ( ! quality ( ! pupils' writ+4 ,9 _m in/ances ! process is a sl[ & labori\s "o4 ,! bodily positions assum$ by pupils dur+ ! op]ation ( writ+ are h>mful4 ,! ef=t frequ5tly results 9 an illegible scrawl4 ,too (t51 little or no att5tion is giv5 p5man%ip 9 ! grades & consequ5tly boys & girls g ?r\gh life labor+ "u a s]i\s h&icap4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages an attempt is made to br+ def9itely & concisely be=e educators ! fundam5tal facts necess>y to secure legibility & rapidity 9 p5man%ip1 )\t caus+ /ra9 ( eye or cramp ( h&4 ,! treatm5t ( ! subject is simple & direct4 ,! discussion ( ! problem ( p5man%ip is foll[$ by a consid]ation ( ! ess5tials necess>y to ! e/abli%m5t ( a habit t %all result 9 good p5man%ip4 ,! mat]ials necess>y are tak5 up 9 detail4 ,! tea*]'s prep>ation is dwelt ^u4 ,workable sugge/ions are giv5 a place4 ,"o *apt] deals ) ! m9imum requirem5ts = all & ! clos+ *apt] discusses sup]vision4 ,! entire "w is bas$ ^u an ext5d$ exp]i5ce ) pupils & tea*]s4 ,e sugge/ion & direction has be5 work$ out 9 actual practice4 ,! volume has be5 prep>$ 9 response to cont9u$ reque/s f tea*]s1 pr9cipals1 & sup]9t5d5ts :o desire explicit directions t c be us$ to supplem5t any sy/em ( muscul> movem5t p5man%ip4 ,! au?or wi%es to express h] gratitude to ! hundr$s ( tea*]s1 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t sev]al /ates 9 ! ,union1 to :om %e has _h ! privilege ( (f]+ in/ruction & f :om helpful sugge/ions h come4 ,l4 ,s4 ,h4 ,,*apt] ,,"o ,,! ,,p5man%ip ,,problem ,,! ,,comm]cial ,,factor ,we are liv+ 9 a practical age4 ,e in/itution ( wor? po9ts to ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t4 ,( e plan advanc$ ! qu]y comes1 8,w x /& a practical te/80 ,we are con/antly exp]im5t+ )1 & adopt+1 new me?ods1 & ^? 9 =ce today may be displac$ tomorr[ z be+ beh9d ! _s ( ! "t4 ,x is only natural t ! comm]cialization ( p5man%ip %\ld take place4 ,:5 a bus9ess man is ask$ :at qualification c\nts mo/ 9 employ+ cl]ks he is v apt to say1 8,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! good writ] gets ! place40 ,h5ry ,clews1 ! ,wall ,/reet bank]1 frankly /ates t ! beg9n+ ( 8 successful c>e] may be trac$ to good p5man%ip4 ,a lett] ( application = a position is n judg$ by s*ool room /&>ds1 b by bus9ess /&>ds4 ,^! two sets ( /&>ds %\ld be 9 h>mony4 ,an educator ( au?ority f9ds t 8!re is little cont5tion z to ! function ! *ild is to s]ve :5 he becomes "p ( ! _w 9 :i* he %all ev5tually f9d himself4 ,our me?ods z practic$ h[ev]1 w\ld h>dly be recogniz$ z hav+ any f\ndation 9 ! ?\ght = future citiz5%ip40 ,?9k ( ! va/ army ( boys & girls :o leave ! elem5t>y s*ool at an e>ly age to e>n a livelihood4 ,^! %\ld be giv5 ! be/ practical equipm5t4 ,to be sure1 !re are ^? :o cite in/ances ( great m5 ^: h&writ+ is almo/ unreadable1 & argue t po9t 9 favor ( all[+ all public s*ool pupils to be poor writ]s4 ,common s5se tea*es u t x is unwise to burd5 ourselves ) an unnecess>y h&icap4 ,o!rs w say t x is n wor? :ile1 z e "o w use a typewrit] ^u ent]+ ! comm]cial _w4 ,only a c]ta9 proportion w ent] ! _w ( comm]ce1 & a majority ( ^? :o d ent] tell u t !y h z mu* "w to d ) p5 or p5cil z on ! typewrit]4 ,! initial drafts ( ! majority ( all important docum5ts are usually writt5 ) ! p54 ,we h ! ^w ( _m an au?or t an attempt to dictate ! fir/ draft results disa/r\sly to ! cont5t ( ! manuscript4 ,we !re=e inf] t 9 matt]s ( importance ! use ( ! me*anical device is n conducive to ! be/ composition4 ,! typewrit] is ( great conv5i5ce aft] ! fir/ draft has be5 revis$4 ,,! ,,educational ,,factor ,aga91 w\ld x n be va/ly wor? :ile1 ev5 = s*ool purposes alone1 to le>n rapid1 easy & legible h&-writ+1 s9ce a majority ( pupils sp5d n9e ye>s 9 ! elem5t>y & junior high s*ools8 ,a good p]c5tage f9i% high s*ool & _m pursue a college c>e] = f\r ye>s4 ,:at an asset good easy writ+ is 9 s*ool & college6 ,e pupil owes x z a duty to himself & to 8 in/ructors to express himself legibly on pap]4 ,f9ally1 :ile its wor? _c be fully e/imat$1 good writ+ is eag]ly s\ght & its possessor f9ds x ev] a ready s]vant & valu$ fri5d4 ,we %\ld /rive = usable k4 ,9 ,mc,murray's ,h[ ,to ,/udy we le>n t 8,x is a "p ( "o's "w z a /ud5t1 !re=e1 to plan to turn "o's k to "s acc\nt2 to plan n alone to sell x = money1 b to use x 9 v>i\s ways 9 daily life40 ,,educational ,,value ,p]haps ! mo/ widely recogniz$ educational value ( good p5man%ip w\ld come "u ! head ( utility4 ,pleas+ angles1 graceful curves1 uni=mity1 & cle> /rong l9es appeal alike to all4 ,f ! attitude tak5 by _m educational folk1 relegat+ ?is subject 9 ! curriculum to ! backgr\nd1 we might ?9k t !y pref] illegible writ+4 ,yet frequ5tly ^! are ! v p]sons :o are he>d to compla9 ! l\de/ & longe/ ov] poorly writt5 te/ pap]s & unreadable lett]s f fri5ds4 ,muscul> movem5t p5man%ip may be utiliz$ to advantage 9 s*ool & out4 ,9 ! fir/ place x saves ! pupils' "t & physical en]gy 9 execution & ! tea*]s' "t & en]gy 9 int]pret+4 ,9 ! second place x is mo/ emphatically dem&$ by ! _w t _m ( ^! pupils w ent] ^u leav+ s*ool4 ,p>5ts draw _! conclusions1 _m times1 reg>d+ ! quality ( "w 9 ! s*ool l>gely f ! appe>ance ( writt5 "w4 ,pupils :o h p]si/5tly foll[$ ! drill until x has influ5c$ _! actual writ+ w soon realize _! p[]3 "h is ! evid5ce on pap]1 ! measure ( ! ef=t put =?4 ,!y h conqu]$ bo? m5tally & physically4 ,w n ! confid5ce e/abli%$ 9 _! own ability be ( value to !m 9 ma/]+ o!r subjects8 ,:at gives m pleasure1 self-respect & enc\ragem5t to p]sev]e ?an ! consci\s k ( skill8 ,?is consci\sness ( p[] & skill is a trem5d\s educational =ce & "o t %\ld receive con/ant recognition ) ref]5ce to p5man%ip4 ,_m are ! pupils :o h great difficulty 9 ga9+ book lore1 b :o f9d ! manual arts attractive4 ,to su* ! consci\sness t !y c d ev5 "o ?+ well is a p[]ful inducem5t t[>d ! ma/]y ( some?+ less attractive4 ,pupils le>n be=e !y f9i% ! elem5t>y s*ool t prop] conv5tions mu/ be obs]v$ 9 ord] to pres]ve social ord] & relations4 ,:5 ^! conv5tions are ov]look$ to a great ext5t 9 writ+1 pupils are n ga9+ ! mo/ t ! subject has to tea* !m4 ,:5 irregul>ities become noticeable a *eck %\ld be plac$2 o!rwise ! habit w become /rong en\gh to be ( great h9drance 9 lat] life4 ,9 no subject c a t5d5cy to te> d[n conv5tions be discov]$ m easily ?an 9 p5man%ip & n[h]e c we bett] impress ^u pupils ! desirability ( obey+1 to a reasonable degree1 ! conv5tional l9es :i* all social be+s are b\nd to recognize4 ,:o _c recall at lea/ "o 8bad boy0 :o has be5 completely re=m$ by "s "o ( ! manual arts8 ,muscul> movem5t p5man%ip has _m su* to its cr$it4 ,tea*]s & sup]visors are call$ ^u q z mu* to re=m z to =m & in=m4 ,,*apt] ,,two ,,fundam5tals ,,conc]n$ ,,9 ,,! ,,problem ,,! ,,physical ,,tra9+ ,,phase ,pupils :o are apt at a?letics w easily recognize ! purpose ( muscul> movem5t p5man%ip4 ,!y w draw ^u =m] exp]i5ces 9 ! field or gymnasium & comp>e ! value ( relaxation1 good po/ure1 rhy?m1 & cont9uity ( movem5t4 ,!y w recognize t ! same laws ( control gov]n ,indian club sw++1 field sports1 & p5man%ip4 ,!y w appreciate ! fact t to obta9 good results ) ! p5 !y mu/ foll[ ) milit>y precision ! directions ( ! lead]4 ,int]e/ w be d\bl$ :5 pupils really f9d !mselves4 ,_m pupils obey ! laws ( correlation naturally1 & ?r\gh _! a?letics !y ga9 control ( ! muscul> adju/m5t t op]ates 9 ! process ( writ+4 ,adult le>n]s ( muscul> movem5t frequ5tly h m difficulty 9 relax+ completely ?an d y\ng] pupils4 ,(t5 ) adults ! habit ( bodily relaxation has n be5 develop$ along ) o!r habits1 & !re=e muscul> t5sion prevails4 ,a lead+ criticism on ,am]icans is t we nev] relax4 ,james says3 8,x is y\r relax$ & easy work] :o is 9 no hurry & q ?\ghtless mo/ ( ! :ile ( consequ5ces :o is y\r effici5t work]2 & t5sion & anxiety1 pres5t & future1 all mix$ up toge!r 9 our m9d at once1 are ! sure/ drags ^u /eady progress40 ,illu/ration3 ,,at ,,att5tion ,illu/ration3 ,,relaxation ,illu/ration3 ,,ready ,,to ,,assume ,,correct ,,position ,,( ,,arms1 ,,h&s1 ,,p5 ,,& ,,pap] ,! m9d mu/ be conc5trat$ ^u ! relaxation ( ! muscles 9 ord] to get ! be/ results4 ,z writ+ is feel+ pass$ ?r\gh ?\ght & fix$ 9 =m1 x is v important 9 writ+ t ! m9d help make ! muscles to make movem5ts1 j z x helps !m to relax4 ,by putt+ ! muscles 9 a workable condition at ! beg9n+ ( ea* lesson1 great improvem5t 9 muscul> response w be obs]v$4 ,muscul> relaxation mu/ be consid]$ s]i\sly if we w\ld make real progress 9 muscul> tra9+4 ,we all "k h[ cramp$ & tremul\s ! lett]s are :5 !y are writt5 by a h& t is "u n]v\s t5sion4 ,! n]ves mu/ be at ease1 ! p5 mu/ re/ lightly 9 ! h& 9 ord] to obta9 ! be/ results4 ,tea*]s :o h n ! ability to relax !mselves1 _c hope to lead ! class to d s4 ,! tone ( voice us$ 9 giv+ directions1 :e!r musical or /rid5t1 has to d ) induc+ relaxation4 ,! foll[+ plan has prov5 ( value 9 ! class room3 #a4 ,pupils sit erect 9 seats1 /ret* arms out ev5 ) ! %\ld]s1 feet on ! floor1 heads erect1 :ile ! tea*] c\nts s(tly to t51 ) ! pupils2 at t51 drop ! arms to ! sides4 ,repeat six times4 ,a practic$ eye w soon see ^: arms are t5se4 ,ask pupils to become z limb] z !y w\ld 9 skat+1 jump+1 danc+1 horseback rid+ or swimm+4 #b4 ,pupils sit erect 9 seats1 b5d =w>d f ! hips1 raise arms ov] ! desk1 & six in*es f ! desk1 make a squ>e turn at ! elb[1 c\nt t5 sl[ly1 drop ! arms on ! desk2 repeat six times4 #c4 ,pupils sit erect1 b5d f ! hips1 bo? elb[s on ! l[] corn]s ( ! desk1 relax1 dropp+ ! =e>m on ! desk2 repeat six times4 #d4 ,reta9+ position 9 p>agraph #c let pupils roll ! muscle bel[ ! elb[ 9 a circul> mann] to a s(t musical c\nt1 f "o to t54 ,eyes %\ld be fir/ direct$ t[>d ! arm1 !n away f x1 t[>d ! ceil+4 ,by foll[+ ! la/ sugge/ion1 x is obs]v$ t pupils relax unconsci\sly4 ,all ( ?is drill w be ( no value unless pupils are able to reta9 a relax$ condition ( ! muscles :ile ! writ+ in/rum5t is 9 use4 ,let !m take ! h&le end ( ! p51 & prep>e = ?is circul> motion be=e mak+ x4 #e4 ,x w be necess>y = ! tea*] to sp5d a few m9utes at ! beg9n+ ( e lesson ) "o or m relax+ ex]cises dur+ ! fir/ mon?s ( ea* s*ool ye>1 & lat] if f\nd necess>y4 ,x is advisable to break ! lesson ) relaxation ex]cises if x is obs]v$ t pupils are becom+ key$-up ?r\gh ef=t4 #f4 ,rhy?m & regul>ity ( movem5t are ess5tial4 ,pupils' c\nt+ al\d relieves ! t5sion4 ,x may be necess>y to lay ! p5s d[n once or twice1 = a few seconds ea* "t1 dur+ ! lesson4 ,ability to control ! writ+ arm comes 9 proportion to our ability to relax ! controll+ muscles4 ,control 9 ! matt] ( p5man%ip is a vital educational factor4 ,says a well kn[n au?ority3 8,c\ld ! s*ool tea* effectively ! lesson ( self control1 we ne$ h little fe> ( ! results :5 ! product ( ! sy/em is ?r[n ^u ! curr5ts ( ! _w4 ,:at is ! mo/ important attribute ( man z a moral be+8 ,may we n answ]1 ! faculty ( self control8 ,?is x is :i* =ms a *ief di/9ction betwe5 ! human be+ & ! brute40 ,,correct ,,po/ure ,correct po/ure :ile writ+ is an ess5tial2 fir/1 f ! /&po9t ( heal?1 & aga91 t we may h free play ( ! writ+ muscles4 ,prop] seat+ has an important place "h4 ,! desk %\ld be suffici5tly high f ! seat1 s t1 :5 a pupil is seat$ & ) bo? arms on ! desk1 ! %\ld]s %\ld n be rais$4 ,if ! desk is too l[1 pupils w b5d 9 ! %\ld]s in/ead ( f ! hips & ! *e/ w be compress$ & ! sp9e contort$4 ,no d\bt _m cases ( sp9al tr\ble are a direct result ( improp] seat+ & unheal?ful po/ure dur+ s*ool h\rs4 ,pupils frequ5tly b5d ! neck & /ra9 ! n]ves & muscles uselessly4 ,! h9t1 8,heads up0 is (t5 a suffici5t rem9d] & w s]ve to correct ?is ungraceful & h>mful habit4 ,by sitt+ almo/ squ>e 9 front ( ! desk1 circulation is n imp$$ 9 any way & relaxation w result m easily4 ,! body supports itself1 & mu/ n t\* ! desk4 ,! eyes %\ld be f\rte5 in*es f ! pap]4 ,9 ord] to be com=table1 ! feet mu/ t\* ! floor4 ,x is )9 ! prov9ce ( ! manual tra9+ dep>tm5t to provide wood5 foot/ools ( simple con/ruction = ! small pupils :o mu/ sit at l>ge desks4 ,) ! feet on ! floor1 body erect1 ready to b5d f ! hips1 *e/ high1 arms hang+ at ! sides 9 a relax$ mann]1 we are ready = ! next /ep4 ,by plac+ ! elb[s at1 or ne> ! l[] corn] ( ! desk1 rais+ =e>ms1 !n relax+ & dropp+ to ! desk1 ! pupils are impress$ ) ! idea t !y mu/ keep ! cu%ionlike muscle on ! desk4 ,! elb[s may ext5d beyond ! edge ( ! desk1 p]haps an in*1 if ?is adds to ! com=t ( ! writ]4 ,!re %\ld be a "r angle turn at ! elb[4 ,drill on correct po/ure %\ld be giv5 frequ5tly until acquir$1 sev]al times dur+ a lesson1 9 fact1 :ile le>n+4 ,too _m lib]ties ) ^! rules w cause tr\ble lat] :5 ! next /ep is to be accompli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ready ,,= ,,"w ,) ! =e>ms on ! desk1 close ! "r h&2 op5 & close sev]al times2 ) ! "r h& half op51 ! tips & nails ( ! ?ird & little f+]s t\* ! desk4 ,! knuckles ( ! ?umb & ?ree f+]s %\ld be 9 sight4 ,e jo9t is b5t a trifle 9 correct position ( ! h&4 ,! two po9ts ( contact !n are a l>ge portion ( ! "u =e>m & ! tops & nails ( ! ?ird & little f+]s4 ,! wri/ %\ld be kept /raight & free f ! pap]4 ,! side ( ! h& mu/ n t\* ! pap]4 ,slip a c>d "u ! side ( ! h& to te/ ?is po9t4 ,! muscles t hold ! ?ird & little f+] 9 correct positions ne$ to be /r5g!n$4 ,pupils are apt to /raight5 ! f+]s & br+ ab\t a t5sion or g to ! o!r extreme & curl ! ?ird & little f+]s into ! palm ( ! h& & glide on ! knuckle jo9ts4 ,bo? positions /ra9 ! ligam5ts & be> away f1 in/ead ( t[>d1 good control4 ,x is mo/ important t a beg9n] %\ld wat* ! position ( ! h&4 ,o!r mi/akes may be rectifi$ gradually1 b correct position ( ! h& mu/ be e/abli%$ at once4 ,! p5hold] is held by ! ?umb & fir/ & second f+]1 t\*+ ! second f+] ne> ! root ( ! nail4 ,! fir/ f+] jo9ts are b5t slightly4 ,! fir/ f+] re/s on ! p5hold] at lea/ an in* f ! po9t ( ! p54 ,! ?umb jo9t is also b5t4 ,! p5hold] may cross above or bel[ ! knuckle jo9t ( ! fir/ f+]4 ,! p5hold] %\ld po9t half way betwe5 ! %\ld] & ! elb[4 ,keep ! p5po9t on ! pap] squ>ely1 we>+ bo? nibs equally4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ready ,,= ,,action ,,ready ,,= ,,p5hold+ ,9 ,compreh5sive ,physical ,culture1 we f9d ?is valuable sugge/ion3 8,9 sitt+ x is necess>y to hold ! *e/ up2 to gu>d aga9/ b5d+ =w>d at ! wai/ l9e1 = ?is contracts ! *e/1 cramps ! lungs & /oma*1 & (t5 produces dyspepsia4 ,9 sitt+1 if "o wi%es to b5d1 ! movem5t %\ld be f ! hips1 b nev] f ! wai/2 ! knees %\ld nev] be cross$1 = ?is position1 besides be+ inelegant & ungraceful1 (t5 leads to p>alysis by div]t+ ! blood f ! leg ?r\gh pressure4 ,! "o rule to be obs]v$ by ! woman :o seeks to be heal?y & graceful is to keep ! *e/ active2 x %\ld nev] be relax$2 hold+ ?is "p ( ! body con/antly erect gives real poise to ! c>riage & /r5g? to ! muscles4 ,a f9e be>+ is ( great advantage1 = x has a significance :i* p intuitively recognize & respect2 ! p]son :o comes be=e u *e/ rais$ & head erect inspires confid5ce4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! p]son :o elevates ! *e/ con/antly is m self-respect+ ?an ! "o :o habitually depresses x40 ,,correct ,,movem5t ,pupils mu/ be taught t a l9e is ! product ( ! motion us$2 8t ! motion prec$+ ! contact ( ! p5 to ! pap] mu/ be 9 ! direction ( ! l9e to be made1 & t "s lett]s be+ m complex ?an o!rs1 less spe$ %\ld be us$40 ,= example1 ! /raight /roke ex]cise is ess5tial z a beg9n+ /ep 9 movem5t application because x n only /ret*es ! muscles1 b correctly done x tea*es direction4 ,movem5t t prep>es = ! /raight /roke ex]cise is be/ obta9$ by tak+ correct position & pu%+ ! fir/ f+] to & f ! c5t] ( ! *e/ ) ! ?ird & f\r? f+] nails glid+ on ! desk & =m+ a movable re/4 ,! wri/ mu/ be kept free at ?is "t1 & ! =e>m moves on ! cu%ionlike muscle bel[ ! elb[4 ,we base ! direction or slant ( d[n /rokes 9 lett]s lat] ^u ?is /raight /roke ex]cise4 ,if ! ovals1 ! next ex]cise 9 ord]1 take an incorrect slant at any "t1 return to ! practice ( ! /raight /rokes z a corrective means t[>d ! prop] slant4 ,pupils mu/ "k t ! direction ( movem5t is "o ( ! *ief ess5tials1 & t be=e !y c possess ability to produce prop]ly proportion$ =ms !y mu/ develop _! movem5t 9 ! prop] direction4 ,!y mu/ be l$ to und]/& t ! m]e free & easy action ( ! arm 9 any direction is n necess>ily a movem5t t c be us$ 9 writ+4 ,to insure aga9/ too sl[ a movem5t x w be necess>y to use "s measure = "t4 ,c\nt+ is a good means ( regulat+ ! movem5t2 x keeps ! class work+ en?usia/ically toge!r1 & gives an idea ( h[ fa/ to practice4 ,"o c\nt %\ld be giv5 = ea* d[n /roke4 ,! c\nt1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj2 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #bj2 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #cj1 etc41 to "o hundr$ is advis$ = /raight /rokes & ovals4 ,all pupils c\nt+ 9 conc]t ) ! tea*] at ! rate ( ab\t two hundr$ d[n /rokes p] m9ute is effective1 z ! oral c\nt relieves ! muscul> t5sion t is apt to prevail at ?is "t4 ,insi/ t e arm move f ! %\ld] & t ea* pupil feel correct movem5t & obs]ve 8 own arm4 ,x is advisable to use ! wat*1 & "t pupils daily on a "p ( all drill "w4 ,if ! c\nt be too rapid1 n]v\s spasmodic movem5ts w result2 if too sl[1 ! f+]s or wri/ jo9t w be apt to act1 & f+] movem5t w be ! result4 ,a /eady rhy?mic beat is ess5tial1 to tone d[n ! spe$ ( ! n]v\s & erratic & inspire ! sl[ ones into m rapid response4 ,!re is a subtle influ5ce 9 ! sprightly musical c\nt z well z 9 ! conv]sational c\nt1 su* z 8r\nd1 r\nd1 r\nd10 or 8light1 light1 light10 to induce prop] wid? to a n>r[ oval1 or lightness to a heavy l9e4 ,a mi/ake t is fatal to e>ly progress is frequ5tly made by all[+ pupils to take ! p5 9 h& to write be=e automatic movem5t is ga9$4 ,mu* drill on relaxation & /udy ( ! writ+ ma*9e & att5tion to rhy?m "w at ! correct spe$ is necess>y at ! beg9n+ ( ea* lesson1 to make = automatism4 ,suffici5t spe$ to disc\rage f+] & induce muscul> movem5t mu/ be insi/$ ^u at all times4 ,at ?is po9t x w be obs]v$ t pupils v>y 9 reg>d to _! ability 9 ! use ( free movem5t4 ,! gr\p plan meets ?is difficulty v successfully4 ,"s all[ance mu/ be made = new pupils1 ^? habitually irregul>1 & = ! sl[ pupils 9 rooms :]e *ildr5 h n be5 segregat$ = ability4 ,:5 all is done t c be done by ! class plan to make pupils und]/& relaxation1 po/ure1 & motive p[]1 we f9d t !re w /ill be "s :o h n made suffici5t progress to advance4 ,! important "q is1 :5 are ^! pupils go+ to h an opportunity to le>n8 ,h[ c enc\ragem5t be (f]$ to ^? :o h done well1 & at ! same "t cont9ue repetition ( :at is necess>y ) ^? :o h accompli%$ b little8 ,! gr\p plan is advis$ by _m successful tea*]s4 ,assign pupils :o h done well & :o c practice 9 ! "r way to seats at ! left ( ! room 78,a0 gr\p7 z ! tea*] faces ! class1 x be+ und]/ood t ^? :o prove !mselves unwor?y ( be+ 9 ! 8,a0 gr\p w h a place 9 ! 8,b0 gr\p4 ,aft] ! segregation is complete & ! plan "u way x w be well to keep a *eck on ! 8,a0 gr\p2 "s pupils =get quickly :5 left to !mselves1 :ile x develops indep5d5ce & pride 9 o!rs4 ,! 8,b0 gr\p w occupy ! r[s to ! "r ( ! tea*] z %e faces ! pupils1 & by /epp+ to ! extreme "r side = ! survey e h& may be se5 :ile at "w4 ,! memb]s ( ! 8,b0 gr\p und]/& t !y are !re because !y ne$ special help1 & w be promot$ z soon z !y le>n ! lessons already ma/]$ by ! 8,a0 gr\p4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( e lesson a c>eful b brief review w be necess>y ( ! po9ts t ! 8,b0 gr\p is expect$ to le>n4 ,! entire class %\ld give att5tion at ?is "t4 ,! 8,b0 gr\p is /ill prep>+ ) ! h&le end ( ! p5 :ile ! 8,a0 gr\p w be actually mak+ l9es4 ,economy ( "t %\ld be /udi$1 or ! p]iod w be wa/$2 bo? gr\ps mu/ be kept busy all ! "t4 ,! same c\nt w answ] = bo? divisions4 ,occasionally x w be well to give ! 8,a0 gr\p a c]ta9 am\nt ( "w to accompli% & to note if x is done )9 ! "r "t limit4 ,!y are to comp>e c>efully ) _! models & also to "w = improvem5t 9 ! product )\t special in/ruction4 ,! 8,b0 gr\p w n make s _m ex]cises b _! po/ure & movem5t w be gr[+ /rong] e lesson4 ,9 ord] t !y may n become disc\rag$1 x is well to let !m make "s ( ! ex]cises ea* day b ! great] "p ( ! "t %\ld be giv5 ov] to rapid *anges ( relaxation1 po/ure & movem5t until ^! ess5tials are ?or\ghly +ra9$4 ,! 8,b0 gr\p w be greatly help$ by work+ at ! bo>d1 to ! same c\nt t ! 8,a0 gr\p uses at ! seats4 ,once dur+ ! lesson all[ ! 8,b0 gr\p to re/ & wat* ! 8,a0 gr\p "w4 ,! pupils 9 ! 8,b0 gr\p w n cov] z mu* subject matt] z w ! 8,a0 s9ce x is compos$ ( ! new pupils & ^? :o h ! greate/ difficulties4 ,no pupil %\ld be promot$ to ! 8,a0 gr\p until he assumes correct po/ure 9 all writt5 "w & c make ovals1 /raight /rokes & %ort words ) correct movem5t4 ,he mu/ prove 8 ability z an indep5d5t work] & %[ reasonably good results 9 ord] to be consid]$ an 8,a0 pupil4 ,,visualization ,,( ,,lett] ,,=ms ,x has be5 said1 8,! ?ree arts ( education are see+1 read+1 ?9k+4 ,! boy :o le>ns to see is awak5$2 ! boy :o le>ns to read is enri*$2 ! boy :o le>ns to ?9k is emancipat$40 ,:y does n an arti/ always make a desirable & pleas+ picture8 ,p]haps x is because he does n see ! subject correctly or to advantage1 or p]haps he has n ma/]$ all ! me*anical difficulties4 ,x is = ! tea*] to decide :e!r all has be5 done t c be done to assi/ ! pupils to see ! model lett] =m correctly4 ,p]haps !re exi/ me*anical difficulties 9 po/ure & movem5t t prev5t a free execution ( ! lett] =m t may exi/ 9 ! m9d4 ,pupils %\ld und]/& t !y are to educate ! head & h& toge!r4 ,conc5tration on correct =ms goes h& 9 h& ) practice4 ,"s pupils h great] aptitude ?an o!rs t[>d p]ception ( =m2 x is c]ta9 t ! h& w n le>n to reproduce con/antly a =m t has n be5 fully & entirely idealiz$ by ! m9d4 ,x has be5 discov]$ t human be+s v>y greatly 9 ! complet5ess1 def9it5ess1 & ext5t ( _! visual images4 ,pupils %\ld be impress$ ?r\gh z _m s5se *annels z possible4 ,"s le>n ?r\gh explanations1 o!rs ?r\gh demon/rations at ! bo>d1 /ill o!rs by work+ at ! bo>d !mselves4 ,out ( ?is v>iety ( impressions ea* pupil w f9d ! "o t is mo/ la/+ = himself4 ,e p5man%ip tea*] %\ld recognize ?is pr9ciple ( multiple impression4 ,m5tal pictures are :at we mean :5 we speak ( 8notic+0 ?+s4 ,we ?9k we are notic+ all sorts ( ?+s dur+ our wak+ h\rs2 z a matt] ( fact1 we recognize few] ?+s ?an we suppose4 ,ask a pupil to describe any famili> object & prove ?is /atem5t4 ,if y po9t out ! v>i\s *>act]i/ics he w quickly see !m1 & w be likely 9 future trials to see !m2 b if left to himself he w\ld ne$ a great deal ( "t to become famili> ) ! ma9 features4 ,frequ5t review ( model lett] =ms is necess>y1 = x keeps our m9ds fre% & helps to reveal new & hi!rto un?\ght-( aspects4 ,ea* view well consid]$1 !n put aside1 fre%5s u = ! next "o4 ,we are ?us l$ to make trials & discov] relations :i* o!rwise w\ld rema9 hidd54 ,_m pupils1 = ! mo/ "p unsuccessful1 nev] get s f> z t4 ,_m :o fail believe t !y h se5 all !re is to see1 take up some?+ else1 or d no?+4 ,pupils may be l$ to obs]ve ! =ms ( lett]s & _! common *>act]i/ics ?r\gh v>iations ( common pr9ciples4 ,to illu/rate3 _m lett]s are modifications ( ! oval ex]cise1 ne> or remote4 ,9 almo/ e writ+ sy/em on ! m>ket we h f\r1 ! ,o1 ,a1 ,c1 & ,e4 ,modifications ( ! /raight /roke are m num]\s /ill2 !n we h lett]s t %[ a comb9ation & modification ( ! two ex]cises4 ,pupils %\ld be able to see & describe j :i* /roke gives slant & "* to ! lett]4 ,!re is a /rik+ analogy 9 ! beg9n+1 end+1 & wid? ( _m ( our lett]s4 ,v r>ely is ! image ! exact reproduction ( ! p]cept2 x diff]s 9 di/9ctness1 outl9e1 detail1 & sometimes ev5 9 mo/ important qualities4 ,look at ! model lett]1 close ! eyes1 y w /ill see ! =m4 ,ret5tive & reproductive p[]s are at "w1 :ile ! image is 9 process ( =mation4 ,=m p]ception1 & o!r m5tal pictures ?an :at we are /riv+ =1 are pres5t & act ^u & modify pres5t p]cepts4 ,let ! room be quiet1 s quiet t !re is no?+ to di/ract4 ,require ! pupils to lay _! heads on ! desks1 %ut _! eyes1 & re/1 n = long1 = fe> ( day dreams4 ,)\t all[+ !m to awake f _! playsleep1 picture 9 brief vivid /atem5ts1 )\t repetition1 or unnecess>y detail1 ! p>ts ( a lett]4 ,raise ! heads1 op5 ! eyes1 take p5s & ask pupils to reproduce a picture ( ! lett] j describ$4 ,9 effective visualization c]ta9 conditions mu/ be fulfill$4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! exposure mu/ h la/$ = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t1 v mu* z is requir$ 9 photography4 ,we c ga9 no m5tal picture ( ?+s :]e ! exposure is too brief4 ,a c>eful /udy ( lett] =ms mu/ eng5d] ! habit ( obs]vation & k ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 accuracy & vagu5ess4 ,s9ce p5man%ip is "o ( ! manual arts x w be execut$ def9itely "r or def9itely wrong4 ,*amb]la9 on ! value ( manual tra9+ says3 8,! m accurate ! "w 9 h&1 ! less likely is d\bt & unc]ta9ty to play a "p4 ,9 gramm> & hi/ory a mi/ake ^u ! pupil's "p may easily pass un*all5g$4 ,! /ud5t glides ov] an error unconsci\sly or )\t int5t2 & ev5 ! tea*] may n detect ! fault4 ,9 a ^w bo? ! tea*] & pupil are likely to be deceiv$4 ,9 ! %op or 9 ! cook+ room x is q diff]5t4 ,be ! box too %ort1 ! metal too ?ick or too ?91 ! jo9t too loose1 ! basket askew1 ! /it*es unev51 or ! +r$i5ts improp] 9 proportion1 little d\bt ne$ ent] ! pupil's m9d z to ! rightness ( 8 "w40 ,,practice ,a few ye>s ago ,dr4 ,gulick laid d[n ! foll[+ h9ts on tra9+ = ! boys 9 _! a?letic "w 9 ,new ,york ,city3 #a4 ,always w>m up sl[ly & cool (f gradually :5 f9i%$4 #b4 ,/op practice :5 y are exhau/$4 #c4 ,dress lightly = practice or competition4 #d4 ,practice regul>ly1 a little ea* day if possible4 #e4 ,h regul> h\rs = eat+ & sleep+4 #f4 ,don't smoke4 ,to a p]son :o has ! correct p]spective on ! p5man%ip habit ! application ( ! h9ts enum]at$ w seem q reasonable4 ,to tra9 9 any l9e1 "o mu/ practice4 ,repetition is necess>y1 & ! "t elem5t ess5tial1 z x takes _m ef=ts to accompli% ! desir$ end1 good p5man%ip4 ,! muscles to be tra9$ are l>ge1 & ! conv5tional =ms are small4 ,) a little =e?\ght & plann+ ! practice p]iod may be v>i$1 live & int]e/+4 ,ev]yone mu/ le>n1 soon] or lat]1 t mu* discipl9e may be ga9$ by keep+ /eadily at "w n int]e/+ 9 itself4 ,james says3 8,we h ( late be5 le>n+ mu* ( ! philosophy ( t5d]ness 9 education2 #8int]e/' mu/ be assidu\sly awak5$ 9 ev]y?+1 difficulties mu/ be smoo!d away4 ,s(t p$agogics h tak5 ! place ( ! old /eep & rocky pa?s to le>n+4 ,b f ?is lukew>m air ! brac+ oxyg5 ( ef=t is left out4 ,x is nons5se to suppose t e /ep 9 education c be int]e/+40 ,?\ghtless practice might mu* bett] be left undone4 ,!re is no use 9 try+ to excuse c>eless "w to oneself ) ! ?\ght1 8,i won't c\nt ?is "t40 ,ea* c>eless /roke is be+ regi/]$ ?\gh we d n c\nt x2 = no?+ we ev] d1 /rictly speak+1 is ev] :olly blott$ out4 ,pa?s frequ5tly & rec5tly trodd5 are ^? t lie mo/ op51 & ^? :i* may be expect$ mo/ easily to lead to results4 ,! fir/ practice may be difficult1 = ! n]v\s & muscul> sy/ems h a new lesson to le>n4 ,! second & ?ird trials w be easi]1 = ! body has begun to recognize :at lies be=e x4 ,! foll[+ attempts w /eadily become easi]4 ,a pa? means economy 9 travel+4 ,! muscle %\ld "w ) a fatali/ic /ead9ess2 if s1 ! result mu/ necess>ily be "w done 9 a clean & f9i%$ mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ready ,,= ,,drill ,to be concrete1 let u presuppose a ?irty m9ute practice p]iod 9 muscul> movem5t p5man%ip1 "u fairly favorable conditions4 ,! desk %\ld be adju/$ = physical com=t4 ,! light %\ld come f ! left side4 ,loose %eets ( good quality pap] eight by t5 & "o-half in*es 9 size1 ) ?ree-eigh?s in* spac+ %\ld be furni%$4 ,at lea/ two %eets %\ld be plac$ "u ! "o be+ us$1 t ! p5po9t may be sav$ extra we>4 ,a fluid ink t fl[s freely is be/4 ,a co>se1 flexible p51 blott]1 & ink-wip] complete ! li/ ( supplies4 ,x is assum$ t ! adopt$ manual conta9+ in/ructions & model lett] =ms is always on ! desk = ref]5ce dur+ ! practice p]iod4 ,our fir/ aim %\ld be to get ! m9d & muscle into action4 ,to ?is end at lea/ two hundr$ two-space /raight /rokes or ! same numb] ( ovals %\ld be made 9 "o m9ute4 ,secondly1 ?is w assi/ 9 ! =m build+ ( ! lett] to be ma/]$1 :i* let u assume is ! capital ,o4 ,a light smoo? l9e w be obta9$ by limit+ ! am\nt ( ink4 ,make at lea/ two hundr$ /rokes ) "o dip ( ink4 ,correct spe$ w be be/ obta9$ by requir+ ! "t limit 9 all drill "w4 ,correct slant %\ld develop z a result ( ! correct tea*+ ( ! /raight /roke ex]cise4 ,hav+ done ?is prelim9>y drill we are n[ ready to consid] ! second po9t ( ! lesson1 namely1 ! mak+ ( ! lett] ,o4 ,! fir/ consid]ation is ! g5]al =m4 ,by comp>ison ) ! model we f9d a /rik+ analogy 9 wid? & slant1 to ! =m ( ! oval4 ,! end+ /roke & ! po9ts t *>act]ize ! lett] mu/ be obs]v$1 & la/ly1 ! size is to be not$4 ,close ! eyes a mom5t & see if ! image is fix$4 ,prep>e to write by us+ ! h&le end ( ! p5hold] until ! "r rhy?m has be5 e/abli%$ by c\nt+ "o1 two1 = ! fir/ ,o2 ?ree1 f\r1 = ! second ,o2 five1 six1 = ! ?ird ,o2 sev51 eight1 = ! f\r? ,o2 n9e1 t51 = ! fif? lett] ( ! gr\p4 ,five 8make believe0 lett]s is ! result ( ?is c\nt2 we c easily make ?ree gr\ps ( five ea*1 across ! page4 ,"t consum$ w be "o m9ute = sixty to sev5ty-five lett]s4 ,:5 ! muscul> adju/m5t is p]fect$ ?r\gh ?is prep>atory motion1 !n1 & !n1 only1 are ! pupils ready to write4 ,write & comp>e ) ! model1 "t & aga94 ,if ! lett] has be5 visualiz$ correctly1 ea* *ild w be able to criticize 8 own "w effectively4 ,gl>+ errors %\ld be po9t$ out fir/ & rem$i$4 ,"w on ?is lett] might occupy ! ma9 portion ( ! writ+ lesson = _m days be=e pass+ to ano!r lett] =m4 ,any class t has be5 drill$ correctly on ! ovals1 /raight /rokes & capital ,o %\ld be able to apply ! movem5t acquir$ to a %ort ^w & ?is p]haps =ms ! mo/ important "p ( ! lesson4 ,= example take 8,om510 spell+ ! lett]s al\d1 capital ,o-m-e-n4 ,words s dictat$ %\ld be execut$ by junior high s*ool pupils & adults at ! rate ( at lea/ fifte5 to eighte5 p] m9ute4 ,?is w prev5t any possibility ( a return to f+] movem5t at ?is "t4 ,dictation ( lett]s is q effective ) sl[ pupils4 ,! application ( movem5t to a ^w1 at ! close ( ea* lesson1 w lead ! pupils q unconsci\sly into a bett] movem5t ( all writt5 "w4 ,"h !y get ! help along ! l9es necess>y to /eady & modify ! movem5t1 & a *ance to get into ! sw+ ( actual writ+ )\t too mu* ?\ght z reg>ds ! cont5t4 ,su* drill s]ves ! same purpose 9 p5man%ip t scale practice does 9 music4 ,! writ+ ( words at ! close ( ea* lesson s]ves z ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! !oretical drill "w & practical writ+4 ,su* daily drill "w z j sugge/$ at ! close ( ! writ+ lesson w effectually elim9ate ! %>p l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! drills & 8real writ+40 ,9 a %ort "t a li/ ( words w be ! result1 & ^! ) o!rs may be comb9$ into s5t5ces4 ,! supplem5t>y words giv5 %\ld incorporate all ! small lett]s ( ! alphabet2 ! "o-space lett]s fir/1 ?irte5 9 all1 !n ! loops above ! l9e1 b1 f1 h1 k1 & l2 loops bel[ ! l9e1 g1 j1 y1 & z2 & la/ly1 ^? irregul> 9 height1 p1 t1 q1 & d4 ,a fair allotm5t ( "t = ! above sugge/ive plan w\ld be five to t5 m9utes on ovals & /rokes2 t5 to fifte5 m9utes on ! lett] ,o2 & five to t5 m9utes on ! ^w-practice4 ,! gr\p plan seems to be ! only logical me?od ( rea*+ all pupils ) ! in/ruction necess>y to _! peculi> ne$s4 ,! advanc$ gr\p w be le>n+ to act indep5d5tly1 :ile ! o!r w be le>n+ basic pr9ciples4 ,fri5dly criticism & rivalry %\ld be fo/]$1 by comp>+ ! me?od by :i* results 7 obta9$4 ,let "o gr\p wat* ! o!r "w4 ,let ! gr\p wat*+ c\nt = ! o!r & *ange ab\t4 ,g5]ally1 ! entire class "w1 if any1 %\ld be po/$1 unless x be kn[n t a c]ta9 page is po/$ because ( its special m]it4 ,pupils %\ld be taught at ! outset t team "w 9 a drill subject is :at c\nts & %\ld take prop] pride 9 good "w z a class4 ,e class w produce a few good writ]s4 ,9 _m s*ools a new lesson is n tak5 up be=e sev5ty-five p] c5t ( ! pupils h accompli%$ ! prec$+ lesson well accord+ to /&>ds previ\sly agre$ ^u4 ,x is (t5 impossible = all memb]s ( a class to atta9 p]fection 9 p5man%ip4 ,we d n dem& t 9 o!r subjects4 ,,application ,,( ,,! ,,correct ,,habits ,,to ,,daily ,,requirem5ts ,! muscul> movem5t writ+ habit %\ld become automatic :5 pupils h develop$ en\gh skill ?r\gh ex]cises to apply ! movem5t consi/5tly to all writt5 "w4 ,! be/ skill$ tea*]s might give a lesson daily 9 any grade1 b unless ! pr9ciples inculcat$ dur+ t lesson are foll[$ consci5ti\sly dur+ ! rema9+ p]iods ( ! day ! ga9 w be slight4 ,if "t is allott$ = practice ! result is surely wor? apply+ to all writt5 ex]cises4 ,! ,committee ( ,fifte5 appo9t$ to inve/igate ! coord9ation ( /udies 9 prim>y & gramm> grades prop\nd$ ! "q1 8,has p5man%ip di/9ct p$agogical value80 ,! foll[+ is "o ( ! be/ answ]s3 8,p5man%ip z an art is b p5 draw+1 z a factor 9 education x %\ld be taught m frequ5tly 9 connection ) o!r /udies4 ,bo? p5man%ip & draw+ suff] mu* f _! isolat$ position 9 ! s*ool c\rse4 ,we !re=e ne$ to tea* writ+ :ile tea*+ o!r subjects & ! rev]se40 ,9 gr\nd+ ! movem5t application habit we may well foll[ ^! maxims3 ,fir/1 focalize ! att5tion ( ! pupils on ! habit to be acquir$4 ,tea* def9itely relaxation1 po/ure1 movem5t1 & visualization4 ,maxim numb] two tells u to suff] no exception to occur until ! new habit is firmly root$ 9 our lives4 ,numb] ?ree calls = frequ5t repetition4 ,we mu/ !re=e give daily drill on ! po9ts t g to make up ! correct writ+ habit4 ,f\r?ly1 8,don't prea* too mu*40 ,lie 9 wait = ! practical opportunities1 & get ! pupils at once bo? to ?9k & to act4 ,su* opportunities are nev] lack+1 s9ce s _m lessons are conduct$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! p54 ,la/ly1 keep ! faculty ( p]sonal ef=t alive by a little gratuit\s ex]cise e day4 ,aft] a high degree ( p]fection has be5 rea*$ x is ma9ta9$ only by ! foll[-up sy/em ( daily ef=t direct$ t[>d ! ret5tion ( ! habit4 ,! habit ( movem5t application dem&s vigor\s & cont9u$ ef=t2 ! ex]tion may possibly be s great t ! pupil is tempor>ily m discommod$ ?an by 8 =m] habit4 ,if ! wise c\rse is pursu$ ! old disability w vani%1 a new pa? w be made 9 ! bra91 & application ( movem5t w be e/abli%$4 ,! ma9 problem ) e tea*] is h[ to assi/ pupils 9 l9k+ up ! pr9ciples t h be5 ma/]$1 namely1 correct po/ure1 & movem5t appli$ to drills & %ort words ) ! practical writ+4 ,! drill on %ort words w prove z valuable z any o!r "p ( ?is !ory "w4 ,by ! laws ( association1 pupils w connect ! muscul> s5sation ( ! %ort1 rapidly writt5 ^w1 ) :at is requir$ :5 a v>iety ( long] words or s5t5ces is dictat$4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( e lesson 9 :i* writ+ is us$ z a vehicle = ?\ght1 att5tion to ! correct habit w be ! means ( sett+ _m pupils "r1 & ( increas+ f week to week ! numb] ( ^? :o d all writ+ ) muscul> movem5t4 ,f9ally1 all incorrect movem5t w be elim9at$1 & we may !n return to visualization4 ,a prop] balance mu/ be pres]v$ 9 reg>d to see+ & do+1 or our results w be "o sid$4 ,:5 a pupil 8f9ds0 himself ) ref]5ce to ! application ( movem5t problem1 att5tion may be almo/ equally divid$ betwe5 ret5tion ( t movem5t & =m build+4 ,by ! "t =m is e/abli%$ movem5t w be second nature1 & ) a little cont9u\s practice w nev] be lo/4 ,x is "t to require all writt5 "w to be done ) muscul> movem5t :5 pupils c make good two-space ovals1 f\r hundr$ across an eight in* page1 & /raight /rokes 9 ! same mann]2 h visualiz$ "o capital lett] & c make x at ! "r spe$ p] m9ute1 = example1 sixty to eighty ,o's p] m9ute2 & c write %ort words su* z 8m50 & 8m9e0 ) correct movem5t1 9 correct po/ure1 & )9 ! correct space limit4 ,an easy way to beg9 is to require application to ! subjects :]e ! m9d is lea/ conc]n$ z to ! cont5t1 = example1 ! spell+ lesson4 ,if pupils h be5 taught to turn ! se>*light ( inve/igation on _! own habits !y w be entirely consci\s ( ! feel+ ( ma/]y t takes possession :5 muscul> movem5t becomes automatic4 ,^? :o h n ?us succe$$ %\ld look well into ! basic pr9ciples ( relaxation1 correct po/ure1 & movem5t1 especially z appli$ to lett]s & %ort words4 ,/udy ! h& & arm 9 its prep>atory motion :ile work+ at ! correct spe$4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ t !re be no movem5ts ( ! jo9ts ( ! wri/1 ?umb or f+]s4 ,alt]nate ! prep>atory motion ) writ+ until ! s5sation ( ma/]y prevails4 ,,*apt] ,,?ree ,,! ,,g5]ally ,,accept$ ,,solution3 ,,muscul> ,,movem5t ,,cons]vation ,,( ,,heal? ,a ,,prime ,,factor ,,9 ,,! ,,solution ,truly1 necessity is ! "m ( inv5tion4 ,at ! dawn ( ! pres5t comm]cial age1 ! f+] movem5t & ev5 ! slightly improv$ comb9$ movem5t 7 =c$ to give way to "s me?od m rapidly execut$4 ,:ole arm movem5t also prov$ inadequate4 ,! me?od t has made ! comm]cialization ( p5man%ip possible is t ( muscul> movem5t4 ,by ?is me?od only are ! f+]s reliev$ f furni%+ ! p[] :i* %\ld rightly come f ! l>ge muscles ( ! arm4 ,muscul> movem5t1 z appli$ to writ+1 is a rot>y motion ) ! l>ge muscles ( ! =e>m = a c5t] :ile ! f+]s1 ?\gh n held rigid1 are n p]mitt$ any movem5t ( _! own4 ,?is movem5t takes place f ! %\ld]1 ! pivotal po9t1 ) ! weight ( ! arm re/+ on ! desk4 ,muscul> movem5t me?od does n emphasize prescrib$ =ms s mu* z prop] me?od ( execution4 ,x is no special wond] t ! lead+ educators ( ! day are n[ inve/igat+ p5man%ip4 ,*ang+ f ! slant to v]tical1 & n[ aga9 to ! slant1 :at is ! av]age tea*] to conclude8 ,:at %all %e tea* inde$ if %e is conv9c$ at all reg>d+ any sy/em ( p5man%ip1 or is qualifi$ to tea* any me?od8 ,! p]son :o makes practical use ( p5man%ip1 ! "o :o uses x to help him e>n 8 daily bread1 po9ts ! way4 ,x matt]s n if he calls x muscul> movem5t or if he ev] saw a p5man%ip tea*]4 ,wat* su* a p]son & obs]ve 8 me?od4 ,obs]vation w reveal t practically all use :at we t]m a muscul> movem5t slant me?od4 ,x takes ! practical p]son only a %ort "t to discov] ! me?od t w be/ cons]ve en]gy1 economize "t1 &1 above all1 lead to writ+ :i* w prove readable & attractive4 ,x is a me?od ( su* "* z fulfills all necess>y requirem5ts & ?us proves ! useful tool4 ,because we are a practical p1 ! public is n[ look+ =w>d to results f ! =mal writ+ lesson4 ,tea*]s %\ld expect ! same degree ( excell5ce to come f p5man%ip in/ruction z f correct tea*+ ( ma!matics1 hi/ory1 read+1 or any o!r subject 9 ! curriculum4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ _m times t comm]cial s*ools & bus9ess m5 h put ! /amp ( approval ^u ! muscul>-movem5t-slant me?od r ?an ^u any o!r4 ,! reason is obvi\s4 ,9 fact1 comm]cial s*ools h be5 ! miss+ l9k betwe5 ! (t-times !oretical public s*ool & ! actual bus9ess _w4 ,comm]cial s*ools h f\nd x possible dur+ _! %ort c\rse ( six or eight mon?s to give our elem5t>y s*ool pupils an asset t ! public s*ools h fail$ to be/[ 9 z _m ye>s4 ,) ! pres5t day cr[d$ curriculum x has be5 f\nd necess>y to adopt "s me?od by :i* ! "t consum$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! writt5 lessons might be %ort5$4 ,aga9 muscul> movem5t slant me?od came to ! rescue1 ?is "t to ! elem5t>y s*ool pupils4 ,!re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( en]gy available 9 ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,discreet use ( ?is en]gy is a lesson de>ly b\ght by _m4 ,! automatic writ+ habit cons]ves en]gy & prev5ts diffusion ( ef=t4 ,9 writ+ "o's ?\ghts1 ! m9d %\ld be occupi$ only 9 r5d]+ ! ?\ght into correct ,engli%4 ,to be truly useful ! art ( writ+ mu/ f9ally be done ) ! muscles & n ) bra9 en]gy4 ,t we may save any draught on ! intellectual p[] we %\ld be entirely unconsci\s ( ! execution ( ! =ms4 ,m5 are con/antly at "w 9 ! bus9ess _w devis+ s*emes :]eby en]gy & "t may be economiz$4 ,_c ! s*ools d _! %>e 9 ?is great s*eme = ! bett]m5t ( humanity8 ,we %\ld tea* pupils an en]gy-sav+ mann] ( express+ !mselves ^u pap]4 ,h[ mu* useless n]ve =ce is appli$ daily by pupils ( all ages 9 =c+ ! p5 along ) ! f+]s 9 su* a way t x is only less pa9ful to ! obs]v] ?an to ! p]=m]8 ,:y n try to assi/ 9 end+ ?is useless wa/e ( en]gy 9 ! s*ool _w by direct+ a reasonable am\nt ( en]gy into ! correct *annel8 ,h[ mu* ( our en]gy is misdirect$ daily :5 we %\ld be mak+ x our ally8 ,we %\ld fund & capitalize all en]gy1 & at la/ live at ease ^u ! int]e/4 ,! m details we c h& ov] to automatism1 ! m our high] p[]s ( m9d w be set free = great] "w4 ,*ildr5 are ! nation's mo/ valuable asset4 ,vision is ! fir/ faculty 9 ord] ( importance4 ,h[ c x be be/ cons]v$8 ,a prop] reg>d = ! future usefulness ( ! eyes ( ! pupils requires t a dep>ture be made f ! me?od n[ preval5t ( dem&+ s mu* writt5 "w4 ,a ke5 obs]v] :o realizes ! true nature ( a *ild w po/pone ! requirem5t ( writt5 language & f9e pr9t read+ until a "t :5 ! m delicate eye muscles are prop]ly develop$ & able to /& ! /ra94 ,muscul> movem5t writ+ makes cons]vation ( vision possible because x dem&s fir/1 la/ & always1 correct po/ure & prop] light+4 ,ne>sight is frequ5tly br\ght on by /ra9+ ! eyes to see objects1 & especially small blackbo>d writ+1 at a di/ance4 ,light %9+ on ! bo>d causes a gl>e1 & :5 pupils are sitt+ s t ! "w on ! bo>d is se5 at a try+ angle ! result is h>mful to ! eye4 ,all "w plac$ on ! bo>d dur+ a p5man%ip demon/ration1 or at any o!r "t1 %\ld be execut$ l>ge en\gh & ) l9es s bold t pupils 9 ! re> ( ! room may see x pla9ly )\t eye /ra94 ,correct po/ure :ile writ+ precludes a t5d5cy t[>d curvature ( ! sp9e1 & also saves ! eyes unnecess>y /ra94 ,numb]less p sit & write m h\rs ?an !y walk or ride4 ,:o w\ld presume to "q ! value ( correct po/ure :ile walk+1 9 its relation to good heal?8 ,we are pa9fully inconsi/5t1 :5 ! writ+ habit is 9 op]ation1 ) reg>d to _m ( ! laws t make = good heal?4 ,only z we "w t[>d ! sav+ ( en]gy = ourselves & o!rs are we keep+ /ep ) ! progressives :o are tea*+ cons]vation f ! kit*5 to =e/ry4 ,surely our aim %\ld be ! greate/ accompli%m5t ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( en]gy4 ,,economy ,,( ,,"t ,a ,,result ,,( ,,! ,,solution ,second only 9 importance to cons]v+ ! heal? by economiz+ en]gy ?r\gh muscul> movem5t is ! "t sav+ elem5t4 ,p :o w\ld recoil f ord9>y ?iev+ are (t5 guilty ( di%one/y ( a k9d t is closely ak9 !reto4 ,we joke ov] our own poor h&writ+ & moan ov] t ( our fri5ds1 yet we w\ld be greatly />tl$ 7 we actually to compute ! numb] ( priceless h\rs wa/$ e day by busy p try+ to deciph] illegible writ+4 ,n only "t b temp] z well is de/roy$4 ,q z pa9ful1 only less annoy+1 to ! economi/ ( "t is ! accurately drawn script t we "k consum$ fully ?ree times z mu* "t z %\ld h be5 requir$ = its execution4 ,9 _m s*ools we f9d t ! me?od ( execut+ writt5 lessons is n equal to ! ne$4 ,!n also1 we h pupils tak+ sev]al times z long z %\ld be requir$ = writt5 spell+ or composition4 ,muscul> movem5t w r$uce sev]al fold ! "t necess>y = all writt5 "w & ! b5efits w n end !re1 = bett] quality 9 ! cont5t w result4 ,! pupil w be left free to dictate & ! h& w obey q unconsci\sly4 ,we con/antly he> ! plea1 8,we _c tea* writ+2 we h n ! "t40 ,w\ld x n be well to make "s computations at ?is po9t8 ,comp>e a class or s*ool t uses a good muscul> movem5t1 acquir$ ?r\gh a =mal writ+ lesson ( f tw5ty to ?irty m9utes daily1 ) a class 9 :i* p5man%ip is hit or miss4 ,! latt] irregul> habit always results 9 an irregul> slant & f+] movem5t4 ,judge !n if x w\ld n be well to tea* pupils to save "t4 ,we c>efully consid] h[ to m9imize wa/e ( en]gy 9 a ma*9e4 ,is ! human ma*9e ( less importance8 ,s9ce p5man%ip is us$ l>gely z a vehicle = expression to convey ! m5tal product to o!rs1 is x n reasonable t we employ ! easie/ & spe$ie/ me?od ( transportation8 ,x is conv5i5t to be ma/] ( a me?od t c record ?\ght z fa/ z ! m9d %apes x4 ,! "r me?od w aid ?\ght1 n imp$e x4 ,h5ry ,maxwell1 z a workman1 began to /udy ! l5g? ( "t he requir$ to ea* "p ( a job4 ,he kept a record & /udi$ x4 ,he !n busi$ himself see+ :]e he c\ld cut d[n all unnecess>y /rokes4 ,he f\nd t on a c]ta9 six h\r job all b two h\rs & =ty-sev5 m9utes 7 consum$ by bad plann+1 poor tools1 & ne$less movem5ts4 ,maxwell1 z a ma/] craftsman1 is "o ( ! all too r>e p :o are sett+ ?+s 9 ord]4 ,ev]y?+ c be provid$ m easily z a result ( ! "w ( a man l him4 ,he op5s up ! possibility ( leisure ?r\gh ! sav+ ( labor4 ,assum+ t n m ?an five or t5 m9utes 7 sav$ by ! pupil dur+ ea* writt5 lesson1 ?9k ( ! total sav+ p] day1 p] week1 p] mon?1 n to m5tion ! sav+ ( "t to t same man or woman :5 8 s*ool life is ov] & s*ool ( real life beg9s4 ,,*apt] ,,f\r ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,tea*] ,,! ,,te*nique ,,( ,,! ,,subject ,to fit oneself f ye> to ye> = ! ev] increas+ly difficult task ( tea*+ is a s]i\s problem4 ,we are to "s ext5t comp5sat$ 9 a mat]ial way2 our *ief paym5t1 h[ev]1 is 9 ! consci\sness t ?r\gh newly acquir$ k our me?ods are improv$1 & ! reflection is mirror$ 9 ! quality ( our "w4 ,t me?ods presuppose a k ( ! subject matt]1 is necess>ily z true 9 ! sci5ce ( muscul> movem5t p5man%ip z 9 o!r subjects less homely & less practical4 ,! indisp5sable accompanim5t is inspir+ in/ruction suit$ to ! inculcation ( ! prop] habit on ! "p ( ! class4 ,too (t5 we =get t any?+ t is wor? possess+ is paid = 9 /rokes ( daily ef=t4 ,by neglect+ ! necess>y concrete labor1 by sp>+ ourselves ! daily ef=t1 we are /&+ 9 ! way ( obta9+ ! desir$ f9al results4 ,all w agree t results speak4 ,%all we n !n be repaid = our tr\ble :5 pupils mirror ! reflection ( our labor8 ,hav+ p]sonally ma/]$ ! difficulties ( ! subject1 ! tea*] & sup]visors are aw>e ( ! pitfalls :i* await ! pupils4 ,only !n d we cease to be !ori/s & become capable ( demon/rat+ ! tru? ( our me?ods4 ,uni=mly good results may be obta9$ 9 almo/ any class if prop] in/ructions are foll[$4 ,if we are n obta9+ good results 9 ! product our me?ods are at fault4 ,c\ld a tea*] )\t k ( read+ or ( numb]s devise suitable me?ods = pres5t+ read+ or numb]s8 ,surely1 ! tea*] _c tea* t :i* he does n "k1 be ! subject p5man%ip or a/ronomy4 ,nei!r is ! ambiti\s tea*] cont5t ) a p>tial k ( any subject4 ,unless int5sive k ( a subject obta9s1 no tea*] w be able to foll[ successfully second h& me?ods4 ,x is significant t ! ,normal ,s*ools require _! graduates to qualify 9 ! useful art ( practical p5man%ip4 ,_m tea*]s h f\nd t ! correspond5ce me?od is well suit$ to & fulfills _! ne$s = a complete p5man%ip tra9+4 ,univ]sities n[ (f] summ] c\rses 9 p5man%ip4 ,sup]visors frequ5tly give weekly drill classes = unqualifi$ tea*]s ^u :i* att5dance is obligatory or optional4 ,x is ! regret ( _m ( our be/ tea*]s :o h be5 9 ! s]vice = "s ye>s t !y did n h opportunity or 7 n requir$ to qualify 9 p5man%ip e>li] 9 _! educational c>e]4 ,unless an inexp]i5c$ tea*] kn[s h[ to tea* intuitively1 ludicr\s blund]s w be made4 ,if k be lack+ reg>d+ any bran*1 ! quality ( ! "y tea*]'s "w w be /ill less desirable4 ,! ev]la/+ h[ w confront ! tea*] e day1 & ea* "t x w be necess>y to f9d an answ]4 ,x is un=tunate = our s*ools t s _m tea*]s feel t !y c succe$ 9 tea*+ p5man%ip )\t !mselves kn[+ h[ to write4 ,to "k only ! fir/ few pr9ciples w n be suffici5t1 ?\gh !y are n to be und]e/imat$4 ,to complete ! /ructure we mu/ build ^u ! firm f\ndation ( fir/ pr9ciples a crude b prop] framework4 ,:5 ?is is firmly re9=c$1 we put on ! f9i%+ t\*es4 ,_m d n get fur!r ?an ! f\ndation2 o!rs /op at ! next important /age1 ! crude product2 :ile o!rs :o are p]sev]+ "w to ! end & h ! satisfaction ( enjoy+ ! beautiful /ructure complete4 ,,! ,,ability ,,to ,,secure ,,results ,!re are few successful tea*]s :o are n good psy*ologi/s & :o !re=e d n "k ! process by :i* gr[? is secur$4 ,k is ! corn]/one ( ! f\ndation4 ,h[ev] x is n en\gh t we "k ! subject :i* we are to tea*2 we mu/ h ! ability to imp>t k t ! self-activity ( ! pupils may induce gr[?4 ,all tea*]s are n end[$ alike ) ?is wond]ful gift4 ,x is also a truism t to realize "o's %ortcom+s 9 ?is direction is ! fir/ /ep4 ,if ! pupils are n int]e/$1 & response _c be obta9$1 let u look = ! direct cause 9 ! tea*] & = ! indirect cause 9 ! sup]visor4 ,! f> see+ tea*] w aim to surr\nd ! p5man%ip lesson ) ! prop] atmosph]e at ! outset4 ,z pupils are m int]e/$ 9 see+ :at is done ?an by ab/ract explanation1 a few skillful & tell+ /rokes at ! desk or on ! blackbo>d w s]ve z a mu* great] inspiration ?an = ! pupils to come into ! room & sit be=e a model t has be5 execut$ :ile !y 7 out ( sight4 ,skillful que/ion+ & hold+ ! entire class = answ]s is ( great advantage :5 visualiz+ lett] =ms1 & aga9 :5 criticis+ & comp>+ results4 ,! laws ( cause & effect op]ate 9 p5man%ip z surely z !y op]ate else:]e4 ,:at is ! cause ( incorrect slant1 a heavy /roke or a c>eless =m8 ,pupils :o "k h[ to ?9k may be put on ! "r road by be+ taught to criticize _! own "w4 ,x is "o ?+ to imp>t ! k "o may possess ( correct execution2 ! obta9+ ( results is q ano!r4 ,_m a tea*] has be5 greatly disc\rag$ :5 a view ( ! results 0 obta9$ because close obs]vation reveal$ t pupils _h n compreh5d$ ! idea :i* ! tea*] int5d$ to convey4 ,let u adopt new me?ods or modify old ones until desirable results are obta9$4 ,! pupils are plac$ "u our c>e t !y may h an opportunity to ga9 "s ( ! k & skill ( :i* we1 z tea*]s1 are suppos$ to be 9 possession4 ,! be/ pro( t ! imp>t+ has be5 cle>1 logical1 & effective is 9 ! quality ( ! results s easily obs]v$ 9 ! p5man%ip class4 ,e lesson is a new record ( :at has already be5 grasp$ by ! pupils or a pres5tation ( some?+ new1 or bett] /ill1 a comb9ation ( bo?4 ,en?usiasm is "o ( ! mo/ ess5tial po9ts to be ga9$ by ! class4 ,x mu/ actually be exp]i5c$ be=e x c be imp>t$ to ! pupil4 ,if x is n felt by ! tea*] ! next duty is to induce x by look & act4 ,! unconsci\s influ5ce ( ! tea*] _c be measur$4 ,) pupils1 tea*]s are m ?an ideals2 !y are realities4 ,! p]sonal influ5ce is m la/+ ?an ! p>ticul> sy/em t is taught4 ,a compet5t tea*] mu/ be ! ma/] ( ! situation4 ,little inspiration c be creat$ by ! timid tea*]4 ,orig9ality1 individuality1 attractive p]sonality1 c\rage1 confid5ce1 ease ( mann]1 firmness1 tact1 initiative--^! are desirable assets = ! p5man%ip lead]4 ,su* a lead] has a ready foll[+4 ,a p5man%ip tea*] mu/ balance en?usiasm ) tact1 sy/em1 & res\rcefulness1 & be ev] on ! al]t to discov] ! individual ne$s4 ,tact plays a v important "p 9 p5man%ip in/ruction = by ! ex]cise ( x we are l$ to say & d ! "r ?+ at ! "r "t4 ,true1 we get no m out ( ?is subject ?an we put into x4 ,let u be m p$agogical 9 imp>t+ ?is subject4 ,let u outl9e a p5man%ip lesson z c>efully z we w\ld o!r lessons4 ,! result w ju/ify ! labor4 ,,! ,,p5man%ip ,,p]spective ,p5man%ip is entirely too isolat$1 & ! value ( coop]ation & correlation are n suffici5tly recogniz$4 ,"y ,am]ica demon/rat$ ?is p]fectly :5 at ! beg9n+ ( a writt5 spell+ te/ he ask$ if he %\ld write x ) muscul> movem5t or ) 8 8real writ9'40 ,to him ! drill t 0 suppos$ to make = ! correct writ+ habit _h n tak5 hold4 ,he fail$ to associate ! practice me?od ) practical "w4 ,aga91 great tact mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 ! attempt to correlate ! p5man%ip ) o!r subjects1 le/ 9 an ungu>d$ mom5t a tea*] may tire ! pupils & ?us defeat ! mu* s\ght-= end4 ,colonel ,p>k] says3 8,! pres5t tr5d ( /udy1 inve/igation1 & discov]y 9 ! sci5ce ( education is t[>d ! correlation & unification ( educative subjects & _! conc5tration ^u human developm5t4 ,all subjects1 means & modes ( /udy are conc5trat$ "u ?is doctr9e ^u ! economization ( educative ef=t40 ,p]si/5ce on ! "p ( ! tea*] is absolutely ess5tial1 = pupils w =get & mu/ be con/antly rem9d$4 ,if on all occasions ! tea*] ( ,engli% or o!r subjects w br+ a due am\nt ( pressure to be> ^u ! class dur+ all writt5 recitations & take ! prop] %>e ( responsibility1 good results w be rapidly not$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we %\ld h scant respect = ! p5man%ip tea*] :o habitually uses poor ,engli% & :o is n p$agogical 9 ! pres5tation ( ! subject4 ,s9ce x is common to evaluate subjects 9 t]ms ( cr$its1 w\ld n a sy/em ( daily cr$its 9 writ+ t5d to dignify ! subject8 ,w\ld n ?is react ^u ! pupil 9 a desirable way8 ,z ! matt] n[ /&s 9 _m s*ools no cr$it is giv5 to enc\rage2 only compla9ts are he>d :5 ! "w is n up to /&>d4 ,we d "k t all pupils :o ent] ! comm]cial dep>tm5t ( our public s*ools soon take x = grant$ t p5man%ip is a "p ( _! /ock 9 trade4 ,! laws ( necessity are pla9ly foll[$4 ,^! pupils h cr$its = p5man%ip4 ,9 ! requirem5ts = good p5man%ip1 consi/5cy %\ld be %[n f ! l[e/ to ! highe/4 ,! close/ coop]ation f ! sup]9t5d5t d[n to ! fir/ grade tea*] is urg$4 ,set a /&>d1 & br+ ! pupils up to x1 z is done 9 o!r subjects4 ,"o grade tea*] may tea* well1 ano!r poorly or indiff]5tly1 & ?us ! pupils are pass$ along4 ,! s*ool sy/em :]e ?is prevails may be comp>$ to a *a9 ) n[ & !n a weak l9k4 ,unless !re is unity & coop]ation among tea*]s ! subject suff]s greatly4 ,! "r k9d ( sup]vision is helpful1 b x _c accompli% all ?+s4 ,n infrequ5tly we he> ! rem>k1 8,i am n ! p5man%ip tea*]2 ,miss ,s-&-s tea*es all ! p5man%ip40 ,our 8second spee*0 is too important a matt] to be left to "o p]son unaid$4 ,^u ^: %\ld]s %all be plac$ ! responsibility8 ,if a s*ool does rem>kably excell5t or noticeably poor "w 9 any subject1 ^: is ! rew>d or ! blame8 ,! prop] attitude ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t & ! pr9cipal w g f> to popul>ize any subject1 p5man%ip no less ?an any o!r4 ,?is attitude w be reflect$ unconsci\sly ^u ! tea*]1 & ! pupils w be quick to take ! cue4 ,h[ (t5 is ! muscul> movem5t writ+ sup]visor told by ! boys 9 p>ticul>1 8,my fa!r writes t way40 ,! "r attitude is e/abli%$ imm$iately because ! boy sees ! relation ( ! s*ool to a practical ne$4 ,9 fact1 p>5tal influ5ce is a factor to be reckon$ ) 9 p5man%ip & ! ?\ghtful tea*] w d well to inquire into ! attitude ( ! p>5ts t[>d ?is useful art4 ,_m times x means lev]age = ! tea*]4 ,9 case ! pupil is old en\gh to realize a motive = improv+1 ! influ5ce ( ! tea*] alone may be suffici5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! boy frequ5tly decides to foll[ ! occupation or trade ( 8 fa!r1 )\t reg>d to capacity or aptitude4 ,vocational guidance is ess5tial4 ,9 ! consid]ation ( ?is subject1 by p>5ts1 sup]9t5d5ts1 pr9cipals1 & tea*]s1 let u n =get t we are liv+ 9 a rapidly *ang+ age1 t we %\ld ev] be on ! al]t to /udy ! pres5t day ne$s1 & t an op5 m9d is ess5tial to progress4 ,,*apt] ,,five ,,suitable ,,equipm5t ,,& ,,mat]ials ,,text ,:5 ! conclusion has be5 rea*$ t "s muscul> movem5t sy/em %\ld be foll[$ 9 ord] to inculcate ! be/ writ+ habit1 x /ill rema9s to select ! text4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 9 ?is4 ,a satisfactory text %\ld ab\nd 9 in/ructions to be read until fully und]/ood1 & illu/rat$ ) a suffici5t numb] ( models to answ] all purposes ( visualization4 ,! text %\ld be ( conv5i5t size2 ! drills & cuts %\ld be arrang$ 9 a logical mann]4 ,! in/ructions %\ld be 9 su* simple language t all pupils c compreh5d !m4 ,a manual ) model =ms only = ! l[] grades w\ld prove v helpful1 ! tea*] supply+ ! in/ruction4 ,fir/ grade pupils %\ld write on ! blackbo>d1 b only f correct models plac$ !re by ! tea*] 9 ! pres5ce ( ! pupils4 ,_m prim>y grade educators favor no writ+ 9 ! fir/ grade except su* z is taught f ! bo>d4 ,%e w\ld be f> m ?an an ord9>y tea*] :o c\ld give a class ( pupils 7)\t ! help ( a text7 ! pictures 9 h] own m9d 9 a suffici5tly cle> & vivid mann] to result 9 correctly execut$ "w on ! "p ( ! pupil4 ,surely all reasonable aids %\ld be giv5 pupils 9 _! ef=ts to le>n p5man%ip4 ,a good text is z mu* ne$$ 9 ?is z 9 any o!r subject4 ,we %\ld laugh at ! idea ( tea*+ ari?metic or ,engli% )\t ! aid ( ! text2 yet _m good s*ool p seem to ?9k writ+ c be absorb$ 9 "s my/]i\s mann] f m or less indef9ite ^w pictures & a few blackbo>d copies done 9 a m or less skillful mann]4 ,aga9 we he> ( s*ools t arrogate unto !mselves ! "r to *ange ! au?or's plan1 or to accept x 9 "p1 frequ5tly omitt+ ! mo/ important & vital po9ts4 ,!re is no unity & no consi/5cy 9 ?is mann] ( do+ ?+s4 ,mc,murray's "q & answ] along ?is l9e is p]t95t :5 he says1 8,:at %\ld be ! attitude ( ! "y /ud5t t[>d ! au?orities t he /udies80 ,! answ] is1 8,c]ta9ly1 au?ors are1 z a rule1 m mature & f> bett] in=m$ ^u ! subjects t !y discuss ?an he1 o!rwise he w\ld n be pursu+ !m40 ,,blackbo>d ,,& ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,x ,mu* may be said = & aga9/ ! use ( ! blackbo>d4 ,at be/1 x _c supplant ! use ( ! text4 ,to beg9 )1 ! blackbo>d models are liable to be execut$ hurri$ly & !re=e poorly2 & aga9 ^! models1 h[ev] correct1 are n se5 by all at ! same angle4 ,a slate or glass bo>d is to be pref]r$4 ,?is %\ld be plac$ l[ en\gh = all pupils to rea* easily4 ,all wall space1 includ+ t betwe5 ! w9d[s1 %\ld be utiliz$ = blackbo>d4 ,:5 pupils are copy+ writ+ f ! bo>d ! w9d[ %ades %\ld be adju/$ 9 su* a mann] t ! pupils' eyes d n suff] f ! gl>e4 ,good blackbo>d writ+ on ! "p ( ! tea*] po9ts its own moral4 ,! tea*] has less tea*+ to d4 ,pupils imitate almo/ e s*ool room proc$ure f ! tea*]'s dress & mann]isms to h] writ+4 ,=tunately x is mu* easi] to write well ^u ! blackbo>d ?an ^u pap] & no possible excuse c be (f]$ t w cov] poor bo>d writ+ on ! "p ( ei!r tea*] or pupil4 ,good "w on ! bo>d s]ves z an attraction to ! subject s9ce ! pupils are always int]e/$ 9 see+ ! creation ( a skillful h&4 ,x is also indisp5sable 9 /udy+ ! con/ruction ( lett]s & ! tea*] :o c execute freely & rapidly at ! bo>d possesses a mo/ valuable asset4 ,:5 prop] visualization has tak5 place1 t is1 :5 ! m5tal photograph has be5 acquir$ by expos+ ! l5s ( ! eye suffici5tly long1 x is well to erase ! model or con/ructive l9es & ref] to ! models 9 ! text1 s9ce ^! are :at ! pupil w aim to approa*4 ,all "w plac$ ^u ! bo>d %\ld be 9 exact h>mony ) ! sy/em 9 use at ! writ+ h\r1 s9ce example is m ?an precept & pupils ga9 unconsci\sly by see+ ! correct =ms be=e !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,blackbo>d ,,position ,j z we h pictures t ex]t a correct moral influ5ce hung 9 ! rooms & halls1 & mottoes conta9+ beautiful s5tim5ts ev] be=e u1 s %\ld we place ! correct writt5 =ms be=e ! pupil4 ,aga91 note ! effect ( regul> writt5 "w done 9 an incorrect mann]6 ,pupils w be v apt to draw ! conclusion t ! models us$ dur+ ! writ+ lesson & real "w are two diff]5t matt]s4 ,frequ5tly ! grade tea*] w apologize to ! sup]visor = ! appe>ance ( ! copy4 ,?is does n raise h] 9 ! e/imation ( h] class1 b r calls _! att5tion to h] %ort-com+s4 ,by sp5d+ a few m9utes daily = a mon? any tea*] may develop su* excell5t blackbo>d "w t no apologies %\ld be necess>y4 ,pupils :o are disc\rag$ 9 p5man%ip w f9d t good results may be obta9$ v easily at ! bo>d4 ,!y mu/ be taught at ! outset1 h[ev]1 t ! movem5t at ! bo>d & t requir$ at ! seat is q diff]5t4 ,=m1 rhy?m1 & slant %\ld be develop$ fir/ at ! bo>d1 z ^! ?ree po9ts are 9 common4 ,by li/5+ to ! tea*]'s criticism ( blackbo>d results1 pupils w easily become m critical ( _! own "w4 ,po9ts to be obs]v$ 9 a blackbo>d lesson3 #a4 ,! tea*] %\ld be able to make = ea* pupil a correct copy 9 ! pres5ce ( ! class4 #b4 ,pupils %\ld /& ) ! left side turn$ slightly t[>d ! bo>d to insure slant writ+1 & prep>e to write z high z ! eyes4 ,make movem5t = ! ex]cises 9 ! air yet almo/ t\*+ ! copy fir/1 9 ord] to ga9 correct size & spac+4 #c4 ,all pupils %\ld write to ! tea*]'s c\nt or dictation4 ,require mu* conc]t "w at ! bo>d4 ,keep ! lips clos$ & ?us avoid brea?+ du/ f ! crayon4 ,hold ! crayon betwe5 ! ?umb1 & fir/ & second f+]s1 all[+ ! end n 9 contact ) ! bo>d to ext5d t[>d ! c5t] ( ! palm4 #d4 ,/raight /rokes & ovals on correct slant w s]ve z a basis ^u :i* to build all lett]s & words4 ,pupils %\ld /ep along ) ! "w z x is execut$ on ! bo>d1 & ?us keep correct alignm5t4 #e4 ,pupils %\ld be taught to d bo>d "w c>efully1 :e!r x be a writ+ ex]cise or regul> "w4 ,develop all difficult new drills at ! bo>d fir/4 ,suppose ! class numb]s =ty2 all[ tw5ty to pass to ! bo>d = a t5 m9ute p]iod1 if tw5ty m9utes is ! "t allott$ = a writ+ lesson4 ,! gr\ps at ! seats %\ld be taught to d ! c\nt+ = or ) ! tea*]1 also to be al]t = all errors 9 po/ure1 slant & =m4 #f4 ,x is v important t ! l9e %\ld be made /rong en\gh t x may be se5 easily f ! re> ( ! room )\t eye /ra94 ,! writ+ %\ld be l>ge en\gh to be se5 easily f any po9t 9 ! room4 #g4 ,:5 eras+ use a d[nw>d /roke4 ,lift ! eras] on ! upw>d /roke4 ,?is all[s ! du/ to drop 9 ! tr\gh2 a good signal is1 8,erase10 8,lift10 8,erase10 8,lift10 or 8,d[n10 8,lift10 8,d[n10 8,lift40 ,,pap] 8,a workman is kn[n by 8 tools40 ,x is z ess5tial t good mat]ial be suppli$ = ! p5man%ip z t any o!r dep>tm5t be well suppli$ z reg>ds quality & quantity4 ,n only %\ld good pap]1 p5cils1 p5s & ink be us$ dur+ ! =mal lessons ea* day1 b 9 e lesson :]e9 writ+ is us$ to c>ry on ! o!r "w4 ,p]mit no scribbl+1 utilize e l9e1 keep pap] 9 neat fold]s2 ?us economize 9 ! "r mann]1 & n by ! pur*ase ( poor equipm5t1 :i* is an irritation to tea*] & pupil alike4 ,! diff]5ce 9 co/ ( good & poor mat]ial is slight :5 comp>$ ) ! results4 ,pap] %\ld be ( su* quality t ! p5 w n pick up ! fib] & cause blots4 ,! prop] rul+ = p5man%ip pap] is ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 7#bf po9ts74 ,size ( lett]s & space betwe5 lett]s w be m easily develop$ by ! use ( ! rul+ sugge/$ ?an by ! use ( unrul$ pap]4 ,only 9 upp] grades :]e good "w obta9s %\ld an attempt be made to use unrul$ pap] = ! writ+ lesson4 ,size ( %eets = l[] grades %\ld be n m ?an six by eight in*es4 ,upp] grades may use a %eet eight by t5 & "o-half in*es4 ,writ+ on ?ick tablets %\ld n be p]mitt$4 ,use loose %eets ( pap]1 always hav+ ! top %eet padd$ by "o or two extra ones b5ea? to save we>+ ! p5po9t ne$lessly4 ,,fold]s ,ea* pupil %\ld h a heavy pap] fold] 9 :i* to keep all writ+ mat]ial4 ,! use ( su* a fold] saves mu* "t 9 ! pass+ ( mat]ial4 ,,p5cils ,if p5cils are us$ 9 ! fir/ or second grade !y %\ld be l>ge1 & cyl9drical 9 =m 7nev] octagonal71 & ( m$ium s(t lead4 ,! writ+ p]iod %\ld n be tak5 up ) ! %>p5+ ( p5cils4 ,eras]s %\ld n be all[$4 ,lead p5cils are n at be/ conducive to movem5t beyond ! ovals & /rokes4 ,! use ( ! *eap tablet1 ! bane ( ! tea*]'s life1 & ! poor quality lead p5cil d mu* to h9d] application ( ! correct writ+ habit 9 ! l[] grades4 ,,p5s ,a co>se1 flexible p5 7nev] a f\nta9 or a /ub p57 %\ld be us$ by all tea*]s ( muscul> movem5t writ+4 ,p5s are dipp$ 9 oil be=e be+ box$2 = t reason :5 tak+ a new p5 x is be/ to damp5 x & remove ! oil4 ,_m a blot w be sav$ by s do+4 ,dip 9 ! ink until ! hole 9 ! p5 is p>tly or entirely fill$ ) ink4 ,:5 t\*+ to ! pap]1 be sure t bo? nibs come 9 contact1 & are made to we> ev5ly4 ,ea* pupil %\ld h 8 own p5cil or p51 = sanit>y reasons1 z well z because no two p]sons we> a p5 9 exactly ! same mann]4 ,aft] ! lesson is end$ ! p5 %\ld be wip$ on a p5wip]4 ,remov+ ! ink1 :i* conta9s acid1 w cause ! p5 to la/ long]1 & a clean p5 w d bett] "w ?an "o clogg$ ) s$im5t4 ,pupils %\ld nev] drop ! p5 to ! bottom ( ! inkwell 9 ord] to get ink2 ?is ru9s ! p5po9t & causes unnecess>y noise4 ,a good p5po9t %\ld la/ f eight to f\rte5 h\rs or long] if prop]ly treat$4 ,inkwells %\ld be fill$ frequ5tly4 ,,p5hold] ,a p5hold] ( wood1 or "o tipp$ ) cork1 is pref]r$4 ,no le>n] %\ld be p]mitt$ to use a metal tipp$ p5hold]4 ,on acc\nt ( ! pressure t mu/ be ex]t$ 9 ord] to keep ! metal p5hold] f slipp+1 prop] relaxation ( ! h& _c take place4 ,frequ5tly ! metal ru/s or is s heavy t ! p5hold] is a burd5 to ! inexp]i5c$4 ,,blott] ,ea* *ild %\ld be provid$ ) a blott]4 ,x is well to let ! ink dry z ! p5 spreads x on ! pap] except 9 case ( a blot4 ,_m pupils h ! habit ( tak+ ! blott] 9 ! h& & ( giv+ ! page a s]ies ( slaps ) x1 9 quick succession2 in/ead ( tak+ up ! ink ?is m]ely blurs ! page4 ,! correct way is to place ! blott] on ! l9e1 give x an ev5 pressure1 & lift x1 nev] mov+ x :ile ! pressure is be+ appli$4 ,,ink ,use ! be/ fluid ink obta9able4 ,ink made f cry/als or p[d] is less satisfactory4 ,x %\ld be d>k blue or black & fl[ freely4 ,bottles & inkwells %\ld be kept clos$ :5 n 9 use4 ,if ! air is exclud$ ! ink does n ?ick54 ,occasionally wat] may be add$1 b great c>e mu/ be tak5 9 r$uc+ ink t x be n made too ?94 ,,economy ,,9 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,mat]ial ,s*ool bo>ds & (ficials are g5]ally will+ to procure good supplies if economy is practic$ 9 ! use ( !m4 ,= ! sake ( uni=mity1 & t e *ild may h an equal *ance1 x is advisable = ! s*ool to furni% all mat]ial = writ+4 ,pupils frequ5tly d n use prop] discrim9ation 9 _! pur*ases1 :5 ! matt] ( supplies is left to !m4 ,la/ly1 x is a mi/ake to ?9k t good results c be obta9$ ) poor mat]ial4 ,9 build+ any /ructure t we hope to la/ a lifetime we are c>eful to supply ourselves ) ! be/ ( mat]ial4 ,?is pr9ciple applies 9 re>+ ! p5man%ip /ructure4 ,,*apt] ,,six ,,"s ,,workable ,,sugge/ions ,,h[ ,,to ,,/udy ,obs]ve ! bo>d demon/ration4 ,trace text correctly3 ,capitals twelve times1 words six times & s5t5ces ?ree times1 at correct spe$4 ,write at correct spe$ "o-half m9ute1 "o m9ute1 or two m9utes z requir$4 ,comp>e ) models4 ,te/ & grade4 ,h[ to /udy capital lett]s3 ,height1 ?ree-f\r?s space high2 slant1 same z /rokes2 wid?1 wid] or n>r[] ?an s+le ovals2 beg9n+ /roke1 h[ & :]e2 end /roke1 h[ & :]e2 spe$ ( lett] /udi$2 "n a v>iety ( c\nts & select ! mo/ pleas+2 analogy to o!r lett]s2 "n z _m po9ts z c be obs]v$ t are peculi> to ! lett] "u discussion4 ,h[ to /udy words & s5t5ces3 ,slant mu/ be ! same z /rokes2 lett]s mu/ be ( uni=m height2 space betwe5 lett]s uni=m & equal to an oval ( ! same relative size z ! small lett]2 end /rokes curve upw>d2 beg9n+ /rokes />t "u end ( /rokes ( previ\s ^w2 /udy especially ! mo/ difficult lett]4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,slant ,,! ,,pap] ,*eck ea* l9e = capitals into ?irds1 place f\r or five lett]s 9 a ?ird2 move pap] to ! left ab\t two in*es at ea* *eck m>k1 at ! same "t say al\d1 8,move40 ,at ! end ( ! l9e say1 8,new l9e40 ,?is %\ld be ! inv>iable rule dur+ ! conc]t c\nt4 ,?is makes = uni=mity ( slant2 x gives ! class a *ance to help1 & relieves ! tea*]4 ,9 mak+ f\r hundr$ ovals1 say 8,move10 at ea* qu>t]4 ,slant ! pap] s t ! l9e writt5 ^u runs f corn] to corn] ( ! desk4 ,second grade3 ,*eck 9 middle1 & move pap] once only4 ,second & ?ird grades make two hundr$ ovals & /rokes p] l9e4 ,,blackbo>d ,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,pupils 7,expla9$ 9 detail 9 ,*apt] ,five47 ,pupils affect$3 fir/ & second grades especially4 ,on ,monday all poor writ]s 9 any grade "w at ! bo>d & p]fect ! new lett]s or s5t5ce = ! week4 ,sugge/$ proc$ure = any grade3 ,place a model 7two 9 l[] grades7 = ea* pupil4 ,demon/rate briefly ! lett]4 ,class face bo>d1 trace ) "r =ef+]1 tea*] & class c\nt+4 ,trace ) *alk1 six or m times4 ,erase4 ,make drill to c\nt4 ,class criticize & answ] que/ions4 ,introduce simple te/ l9es to prove to class t "w measures up to /&>d4 ,p]sonal help4 ,upp] grade pupils %\ld n sp5d m ?an "o-half to two-?irds ( ! p]iod at ! bo>d1 !n !y %\ld g directly to seats & make ! good =ms j le>n$ function on pap]4 ,9 all appli$ "w at ! bo>d1 hold pupils equally z responsible = correct =ms & neat legible writ+ z 9 seat writ+4 ,position at ! bo>d3 ,turn ! left side slightly t[>d ! bo>d1 all[ left h& to hang or to hold ! eras]4 ,write z high z ! eyes4 ,use signal1 8,/& erect10 8,turn10 8,face10 8,d[n02 ! la/ signal to be giv5 :5 ! tea*] desires to see all ! "w at ! bo>d4 ,good l9e quality is l>gely ! result ( work+ at correct spe$ ?r\gh\t ! drill p]iod1 = by s do+ ev5 pressure is ex]t$1 & pleas+ quality is ! result4 ,! eras] %\ld be drawn d[nw>d f ! top l9e to ! groove1 hold+ x p>allel ) ! groove4 ,?is p]mits ! *alk du/ to fall :]e x %\ld4 ,lift ! eras] & repeat1 always draw+ f ! top l9e d[nw>d4 ,,"n ,,c>ds ,by ! fif? week ( s*ool1 "n c>ds %\ld be provid$ = ea* pupil4 ,pa/e at ! ends 9 front or back ( ! comp5dium4 7,pa/$ 9 ?is way !y may be easily remov$47 ,trace names daily at ! seats4 ,fir/ grade *ildr5 trace names daily at ! bo>d until !y c be legibly writt54 ,,figures ,figures are to be practic$ daily by mak+ f "o to two l9es ( ! date4 ,figures are "o-half space high 9 ! fir/ f\r grades1 "o-?ird space high 9 ! rema9+ grades4 ,,alphabet ,! alphabet %\ld h a place on ! bo>d 9 ea* room by ! end ( ! fir/ week ( s*ool4 ,x w prove v conv5i5t if ! spe$ = ea* lett] is plac$ ne> 9 small figures4 ,new & unqualifi$ tea*]s may ask ! sup]visor to place ! alphabet on ! bo>d ! fir/ t]m4 ,,endurance ,,te/s ,pupils %\ld be taught to comp>e _! "w frequ5tly ) ! /&>d p5man%ip *>t1 a copy ( :i* %\ld be on ! wall ( ea* room4 ,9 ?is way !y are able to rate !mselves = quality4 ,be=e ! end ( ! fir/ t]m pupils %\ld be able to endure a dictation ( words or s5t5ces = "o m9ute1 at ! prop] spe$1 ) ease & 9 good po/ure & ) fairly good =ms4 ,! sev5? mon? %\ld f9d !m able to take a two m9ute endurance te/ ) great] ease & bett] =ms4 ,,! 8,z0 ,,gr\p ,! ,z gr\p 9 fir/ & second grades %\ld receive prop] consid]ation4 ,above ! #b ,b x has be5 demon/rat$ t ! ,z classes1 s f> z writ+ is conc]n$1 are n f> beh9d o!rs 9 _! "w4 ,:5 necess>y1 cut ! cont5t1 l[] ! spe$1 repeat m (t5 y\r in/ructions1 c\nt m1 & expect less p]fection 9 =m4 ,,objectives ,,9 ,,good ,,writ+ ,,habits ,good po/ure3 heal?1 appe>ance1 effici5cy4 ,spe$3 ,= accuracy & effici5cy1 bo? practical ne$s4 ,spac+3 ,to relieve ! eye1 & make easy read+4 ,slant3 ,to make writ+ attractive & easy to read4 ,neatness3 ,to fur!r a civic ne$4 ,trac+3 ,to visualize & !reby assi/ 9 acquir+ correct =m4 ,movem5t drills3 ,ovals = curves1 /rokes = slant1 small lett]s = travel+ movem5t4 ,,progress ,,lesson ,"t3 ,friday or ! la/ lesson ( ! week4 ,conditions3 ,class mu/ "k h[ to /udy4 ,class mu/ "w fairly well indep5d5tly4 ,class mu/ h _h all drills demon/rat$4 ,me?od3 ,place problems on ! bo>d1 numb]$1 n less ?an two nor m ?an f\r1 unless ! class is v effici5t4 ,ea* pupil />ts ) ,no4 #a4 ,tea*] passes d[n aisle1 gives a progress *eck if "w is satisfactory1 if n1 a criticism4 7,a rubb] /amp m>k$ 8,improv+0 is v effective47 ,if *eck$1 pupil takes next drill2 if n he practices ! same drill until ! tea*] comes aga94 ,9 a fifte5 m9ute p]iod ! tea*] c *eck up ! room at lea/ ?ree times4 ,^? :o receive a *eck e "t receive special recognition4 ,object3 ,to enc\rage initiative2 to impress ^u ea* pupil 8 rank 9 ! writ+ game2 to cry/allize ! week's "w2 to give ea* pupil an opportunity = individual help4 ,,segregation 7,expla9$ 9 detail 9 ,*apt] ,two47 ,! tea*+ ( p5man%ip is less labori\s & m effective :5 ! poor writ]s are sep>at$ f ! good writ]s4 ,_m pupils ne$ no individual help1 b foll[ oral in/ructions easily4 ,!y %\ld be all[$ to d s1 s9ce indep5d5t ef=t w develop judgm5t1 initiative1 indu/ry1 & an appreciation ( h[ to 8play ! game squ>e40 ,! segregation ( ! poor writ]s 9 r[s economizes ! tea*]'s "t & en]gy 9 pass+ ab\t ! room1 & ultimately all[s ea* pupil to practice ^u ! drill he mo/ ne$s4 ,:ile ! poor writ]s %\ld nev] be consid]$ 9 disgrace1 a legitimate aim %\ld be to get into ! good division on ! regul> promotion day1 pref]ably ,friday4 ,segregation is especially desirable = bo>d "w1 s9ce x economizes ! "t & en]gy ( ! tea*] to a m>k$ degree4 ,,l9e ,,quality ,at ! seat3 ,make n less ?an #bjj solid two-space ovals or /rokes ) "o dip ( ink4 ,?is w make = neatness4 ,all[ no /rike-ov]s1 i4 e41 pat*$ l9es4 ,correct position ( ! h&1 correct spe$1 a limit$ am\nt ( ink1 & a good movem5t are ! sure/ rem$ies = neatness & good l9e quality4 ,always use two %eets ( pap] 9 ord] to obta9 ! be/ l9e quality & save ! p54 ,hold p5 ) hole on top s t bo? nibs t\* ! pap]1 9 ord] to secure ev5 quality4 ,hold p5 or p5cil lightly en\gh t x may be slipp$ out easily f ! h&4 ,,samples ,mon?ly samples h a place 9 & above ! ?ird grade4 ,make two or m samples on ! #ae? ( ea* mon?1 dur+ ! writ+ p]iod4 ,select ! be/ "o & place 9 ! manila envelope provid$ = ?is purpose only4 ,place "n ( pupil on envelope4 ,collect at ! close ( ! p]iod4 ,place rubb] b& ar\nd !m & file 9 y\r desk4 ,object3 ,tea*]s may judge ! effectiv5ess ( _! in/ruction2 pupils may obs]ve _! own improvem5t2 ! grade ( ! pupil is to be p>tially bas$ on ?is "w2 ! sup]visor may be able to advise con/ructively2 ! pupil has an opportunity to compete ) himself4 ,proc$ure3 ,h pap] cut1 & sample on bo>d1 memoriz$4 ,give w>m+ up ex]cises ( ovals1 capital1 "n1 & small o ex]cise4 ,consume five or m m9utes 9 ?is way4 ,use y\r wat*1 "t ! class4 ,record ! spe$ on ! sample4 ,aft] ea* sample1 relax4 ,make two or ?ree1 z "t p]mits4 ,select ! be/4 ,disc>d o!rs4 ,op5 sample envelopes1 comp>e ) sample ( mon? be=e4 ,give a *eck ( honor to all :o h improv$ to a m>k$ degree4 ,! fir/ mon?1 *eck = bett] movem5t1 neatness & light l9e2 second mon?1 size1 etc4 ,always hold = all po9ts be=e consid]$4 ,tell class at end ( *eck+ :at 9 g5]al y see !y ne$1 & keep t 9 m9d dur+ ! mon?4 ,c\nt ! pupils :o h two samples & ^? :o receive *ecks1 asc]ta9 y\r p] c5t ( improvem5t & record x = ref]5ce next mon?4 ,collect sample envelopes & file 9 y\r desk4 ,caution3 ,!re is no objection to ! giv+ ( a day ( practice to ! matt] conta9$ 9 ! sample dur+ ! mon? if ! "t p]mits2 9 fact1 ?is w\ld be helpful4 ,h[ev]1 on ! #ae?1 ! allott$ "t only %\ld be all[$ = writ+ ! sample1 :i* %\ld proce$ 9 g5]al z above outl9$4 ,/&>d3 ,?ird & f\r? grades atta9 #ej improvem5t ea* mon?4 ,fif? & six? grades %\ld atta9 #ff improvem5t ea* mon?4 ,sev5? & eigh? grades %\ld atta9 #ge improvem5t ea* mon?4 ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,regul> ,,visit ,,( ,,! ,,sup]visor ,fir/ grade3 ,two models = e *ild at bo>d4 ,second grade3 ,aft] ! second mon? a writ+ lesson sav$ f ! previ\s week2 aft] ! ?ird mon?1 a spell+ lesson4 ,?ird1 f\r?1 fif?1 six?1 sev5?1 eigh? & n9? grades3 ,h on ! desk ready = grad+1 ! foll[+3 samples1 spell+ pap]1 language pap]4 ,give pupils an opportunity to see t all "w to be inspect$ is ready ! day previ\s to ! sup]visor's visit4 7,= ord9>y lessons "o m9ute is ample "t = prep>ation if fold]s are kept 9 good ord]47 ,plac+ "o lesson ( ! appli$ "w 9 ! folio ea* week1 f :i* ! f9al selection is to be made1 w s]ve to keep ! "w uni=mly good4 ,?is w\ld also provide specim5s = ^? :o might be abs5t = a p>ticul> lesson writt5 expressly = ?is purpose4 ,,desk ,,arrangem5t ,aisle --------------------------- --------------------------- ,oct4 ,spell4 ,sept4 ,sample ,sept4 ,sample ,oct4 ,spell4 ,oct4 ,lang4 ,oct4 ,sample ,oct4 ,sample ,oct4 ,lang4 --------------------------- --------------------------- ,,c\nt+ ,9 c\nt+ = words repeat ! lett]s at correct spe$1 s5t5ces likewise1 us+ great c>e t ! f9i% is )9 ! "t limit4 ,9 pron\nc+ spell+ words to be us$ dur+ p5man%ip drill1 always require ! class to repeat ! words aft] y be=e writ+4 ,a %ort dictat$ s5t5ce %\ld be manag$ ! same way4 ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,timepiece ,?is is z necess>y to ! good tea*] ( p5man%ip z is ! blackbo>d4 ,by its use is obta9$ correct spe$1 al]tness on ! "p ( ! tea*]1 good movem5t because nev] too sl[1 m rhy?mical c\nt+1 & m practice accompli%$4 ,use ! second h& daily1 until c\nt+ becomes automatic & goes =w>d ) ! "r k9d ( spe$ at all times4 ,,aw>ds ,honor rolls1 buttons1 c]tificates1 p5nants1 cups1 etc41 prove a great inc5tive4 ,all competition %\ld be c>ri$ on 9 a fri5dly mann]4 ,,use ,,( ,,/&>d ,,p5man%ip ,,te/s ,! rese>* dep>tm5t may v pr(itably apply ! /&>d te/s ?r\gh\t ! city twice ye>ly1 tabulate ! results & publi% !m to tea*]s4 ,f ^! f9d+s1 pr9cipals1 sup]visors1 & tea*]s w be able to det]m9e :at ! weaknesses are & f9d a rem$y = !m4 ,,*apt] ,,sev5 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,! ,,grades1 ,,junior ,,& ,,s5ior ,,high ,,s*ools ,a ,,g5]al1 ,,n ,a ,,specific ,,plan ,9 sugge/+ ?is plan no endeavor has be5 made to be def9ite1 except 9 a few ess5tials4 ,writ+ texts & conditions 9 s*ools diff] s greatly t ?is w\ld be impossible4 ,an ef=t has be5 made to build up f ! fir/ grade to ! la/ a g5]al plan ( a logical "*4 ,_m sugge/ions made = ! second & ?ird grades c\ld wisely be put into op]ation1 9 "p1 9 ! high] grades4 ,x is assum$ fir/ t ! muscul> movem5t me?od has be5 adopt$ & t ea* *ild has ! use ( a manual1 s9ce t is ! only condition "u :i* an adaptation ( ^! sugge/ions w\ld be advisable4 ,?is bird's eye view ( ! subject is n to be consid]$ 9 any respect a 8sy/em0 ( writ+1 9 text book phraseology4 ,x w be impossible to advantage\sly adapt ! sugge/$ plan unless a compreh5sive k ( muscul> movem5t has already be5 ga9$ ?r\gh actual practice on ! "p ( ! tea*]4 ,,fir/ ,,grade ,*ild nature is spontane\s1 active1 re/less4 ,x pref]s objects to subjects1 expression to repression & g5]ality to detail4 ,writ+ is a sl[ & labori\s me?od ( expression comp>$ to spee*1 & !re=e n well suit$ to *ildhood4 ,m oral1 & less writt5 language %\ld be giv5 prim>y grades4 ,b s long z writ+ seems a necess>y "p ( prim>y education1 x %\ld be taught 9 ! mo/ rational mann]4 ,to d ?is1 x is necess>y to consid] ! *ild1 its capacity to acquire k & skill1 & its future welf>e1 z conc]ns heal? & h&writ+4 ,"o v noticeable feature ab\t ! activity ( *ildhood is ! ex]cise ( ! l>g] muscles :i* x inv>iably involves4 ,! movem5ts are ( ! :ole body1 & n ( m]e portions ( x4 ,! fundam5tal muscles & n ! delicate & f9ely coord9at$ muscles are employ$ 9 all _! movem5ts4 ,su* muscles 7! accessory7 z are engag$ 9 f9e writ+1 draw+ & sew+ are develop$ lat]4 ,especially is ?is true ( ! muscles ( ! eye4 ,ignorance ( ^! facts has l$ to mi/akes 9 tra9+4 ,! wise tea*] w n compel or p]mit "y pupils to foll[ a f9e copy 9 writ+1 b w enc\rage !m to use ! blackbo>d :]e abundant opportunity w be giv5 = ex]cis+ ! l>g] muscles4 ,prop] reg>d = ! future usefulness ( ! eyes ( ! *ild c]ta9ly requires t a dep>ture be made f ! me?od n[ preval5t ( requir+ s mu* writt5 "w4 ,*ildhood has be5 call$ ! language p]iod p> excell5ce1 b ?is /atem5t has ref]5ce to oral & n writt5 =ms ( spee*4 ,e tea*] kn[s h[ easily & rapidly ! *ild ga9s a vocabul>y at ?is /age4 ,he le>ns language by imitation1 & ! :ole epo* ( *ildhood is1 z psy*ology tea*es1 & ,william ,wordswor? expresses x1 8"o endless imitation40 ,x !re=e behooves ! tea*] to neglect1 if any?+1 read+ & writ+ dur+ ! e>ly /age ( *ildhood1 & make play & /ory tell+ ! pr$om9ant "w 9 ! ye>s prec$+ eight4 ,"o ( ! mo/ difficult z well z "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ problems t confronts e fir/ grade tea*] is :at & h[ mu* ( writ+ we %all d 9 ! fir/ ye>4 ,%all we use all our "t tea*+ =m8 ,%all we tea* movem5t "w entirely & let =m alone8 ,or %all we try a comb9ation ( bo?8 ,x is un=tunate t _m ( ! c\rses ( /udy :i* we mu/ foll[ /ate specifically t :5 ! pupils leave ! fir/ grade !y mu/ be able to write all ! small lett]s1 capital lett]s1 words & s5t5ces on pap]4 ,"s c\rses dem& t pupils mu/ d a c]ta9 am\nt ( copy+4 ,?is is v un=tunate1 because 9 try+ to fulfill ! requirem5ts ( su* a c\rse ( /udy any means available are (t5 resort$ to & frequ5tly ! me?ods us$ are a great h9drance to ! future developm5t ( ! *ild1 bo? physically & m5tally4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions are (f]$ fir/ grade tea*]s3 ,"u prop] in/ruction ! pupils w g into ! next grade ) ! ability to express !mselves freely & easily at ! blackbo>d4 ,x is q unnecess>y & unp$agogical to tea* *ildr5 a habit t 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s mu/ be giv5 up entirely2 ref]5ce is "h made to tea*+ ( f+] movem5t 9 ! fir/ ?ree grades4 ,"o ,b grade aim3 ,to introduce pupils 9 ?is grade to all small lett]s 9 %ort words4 ,to atta9 an av]age spe$ ( ?irty lett]s p] m9ute4 ,"o ,a grade aim3 ,to introduce pupils 9 ?is grade to all capital lett] =ms 9 families4 ,to review all small lett]s 9 words & s5t5ces4 ,to atta9 a spe$ ( ?irty-five lett]s p] m9ute4 ,to give pupils by ! end ( ! t]m1 a tool = h&l+ spell+ & language 9 a satisfactory mann] at ! blackbo>d4 ,mat]ial3 ,comp5dium 7optional71 crayon1 eras]4 ,! blackbo>d %\ld be rul$ ) l9es f\r in*es ap>t beg9n+ at ! bottom & ext5d+ six l9es 9 height4 ,eighte5 to tw5ty in*es is suffici5t bo>d space = ea* *ild4 ,m practice & correspond+ly bett] results foll[ :5 ! entire class is at ! bo>d at "o "t4 ,l5g? ( lesson3 ,fifte5 m9utes daily1 five times p] week4 ,place ! p]iod e>ly 9 ! day or j be=e spell+ s t x may function4 ,writ+ is an int]-recitation activity4 ,practic+ ! daily lesson w be f\nd v pr(itable4 ,demon/ration3 ,ea* drill %\ld be demon/rat$ briefly f "o to ?ree times ea* day ( pres5tation4 ,blackbo>d models = trac+ %\ld be provid$ = ea* pupil daily4 ,good models are a necessity because ( ! inconv5i5ce ( us+ comp5diums at ! bo>d4 ,di/ribution ( "t to subject matt]3 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ea* t]m devote "o-half to "o-?ird ( ! lesson to movem5t drill4 ,trac+ & writ+ consume ! rema9d] ( ! p]iod4 ,z skill increases r$uce ! am\nt ( "t to "o m9ute on movem5t drill & divide ! rema9d] equally betwe5 words & s5t5ces4 ,! bo>d %\ld be fill$ t5 times dur+ "o lesson4 ,"o ,a *ildr5 %\ld fill ! bo>d once daily ) ! figure repres5t$ 9 ! curr5t date4 ,names3 ,pupils %\ld write _! names z e>ly z possible 9 ! t]m4 ,aft] ! capital 8,i0 has be5 ma/]$ use ! foll[+ =m = "n practice3 8,i am 7"n740 ,z ,gr\p3 ,?is gr\p proce$s at a sl[] rate ( spe$1 atta9+ at ! end ( ! ye> sc>cely ?irty lett]s p] m9ute4 ,m frequ5t demon/ration is necess>y4 ,use z _m two-lett] words z possible4 ,select words f ! read+ z f> z practicable4 ,m blackbo>d "w1 trac+ & rhy?mic drill are necess>y ?an 9 o!r classes4 ,,second ,,grade ,prim>y tea*]s are frequ5tly oppos$ to muscul> movem5t because x is :olly impossible to obta9 ! same uni=m "w 7:i* is really only useless draw+7 z c be obta9$ by ! f+] movem5t plan4 ,n until pr9cipals1 prim>y sup]visors1 & sup]9t5d5ts are will+ to tell _! prim>y tea*]s t !y w n look = beautiful writt5 ex]cises 9 ^! grades1 w ! tea*]s ( ! fir/1 second1 & ?ird grades look ) favor ^u muscul> movem5t4 ,we d n expect ! prim>y tea*] to produce ! f9i%$ ma!maticians1 read]s1 hi/orians1 or p5m51 b su* "w z is accompli%$ %\ld be bas$ on ! "r f\ndation4 ,! prim>y tea*] %\ld be will+ to sacrifice h] pride 9 ! appe>ance ( writt5 ex]cises to ! dem&s ( ! future environm5t ( ! gr[n *ild4 ,9 s*ools :]e sup]9t5d5ts & tea*]s insi/ ^u pupils writ+ words or s5t5ces on pap] v soon aft] !y ent] s*ool little or no advancem5t c be made 9 muscul> movem5t4 ,h[ev]1 if movem5t is n taught at an e>ly age mu* "t w be wa/$ :5 ! transition is made1 :i* a few extreme p]sons say %\ld n take place until ! fif? ye> 9 s*ool4 ,9 ! latt] case ! pupils h incorrect habits s firmly fix$ t x takes ! rema9+ ye>s 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool to le>n to write a cr$itable /yle4 ,bo>d "w may be cont9u$ advantage\sly daily 9 ! second grade = a ?ree or f\r m9ute p]iod4 ,! writ+ = ! fir/ mon? might v pr(itably be giv5 ov] to bo>d tra9+ to a l>ge ext5t1 reta9+ only five or six m9utes daily to tea* ! physical-tra9+ phase ( p5man%ip4 ,relaxation1 correct po/ure ( ! body1 feet1 h&s1 & arms at ! seat might be accompli%$ dur+ ! fir/ mon?4 ,! next /ep w be to /udy ! h& & arm1 mak+ ! prep>atory movem5t = ovals1 & /rokes ) ! h& half op5 & glid+ on ! nails4 ,! five knuckles mu/ be turn$ t[>d ! ceil+4 ,pupils %\ld make ! movem5t freely to ! tea*]'s c\nt & also c\nt = !mselves 9 l[ tones4 ,! tea*] might use a book or a ?9 bo>d to s]ve z a desk1 ) :i* to illu/rate1 9 ord] to e/abli% ! prop] relation 9 ! *ild's m9d conc]n+ ! desk & ! po9ts ( contact4 7,see detail$ directions "u po/ure1 ,*apt] ,two47 ,p5cil hold+ is next taught1 us+ ! h&le end fir/1 & po9t+ x half way betwe5 ! %\ld] & ! elb[4 ,x w take a mon? or m to develop relaxation1 correct po/ure1 & p5hold+4 ,aim3 ,fir/ mon?4 ,to p]fect ! bo>d writ+4 ,to review all capitals & small lett] =ms 9 words & s5t5ces1 & atta9 great] flu5cy & a high] degree ( p]fection 9 =m4 ,to atta9 a spe$ ( =ty lett]s p] m9ute1 ! /&>d spe$ = ?is grade4 ,to tea* ! =m ( ! lett]s s well1 t 9 ! seat "w next mon? :5 movem5t is ! great problem1 =m may n ne$ to be /ress$1 b w be a res\rce4 ,second mon?3 ,to develop relaxation1 correct po/ure1 movem5t1 & spe$ suffici5t to prev5t f+] movem5t4 ,to apply ^! fundam5tal pr9ciples to ovals1 a few easy capitals1 a limit$ numb] ( words & a few %ort s5t5ces4 ,to make ! correct writ+ habit c>ry ov] into ! spell+ by ! end ( ! #b ,b grade4 ,comp>ison3 ,save "o ( ! pupil's fir/ lessons 9 bo? regul> & appli$ "w to be comp>$ ) lat] ones4 ,mat]ial3 ,can>y pap]1 cut into half %eets1 comp5dium1 p5cil1 folio sev5 by n9e in*es4 ,keep only writ+ mat]ial 9 ^! folios4 ,l5g? ( lesson3 ,fifte5 m9utes daily1 five times p] week4 ,blackbo>d practice on ! daily lesson is sugge/$ z an int]-recitation activity4 ,place ! writ+ p]iod e>ly 9 ! day or prior to ! spell+ 9 ord] t x may function 9 ! appli$ "w4 ,demon/ration3 ,! same directions t are giv5 "u fir/ grade = rul+ bo>ds & demon/ration proc$ure w be f\nd useful4 ,z ,gr\p3 ,?is gr\p proce$s at a sl[] rate ( spe$ ?an o!r gr\ps & atta9s at ! end ( ! #b ,a a spe$ ( ?irty or m lett]s p] m9ute in/ead ( =ty4 ,demon/rate m frequ5tly4 ,use z _m two-lett] words z possible4 ,select words f ! read+ z f> z practicable4 ,m blackbo>d "w1 trac+ & rhy?mic drill are necess>y ?an 9 o!r classes4 ,di/ribution ( "t to subject matt]3 ,dur+ ! fir/ mon? give ! great] "p ( ! writ+ p]iod to movem5t drills4 ,= ! foll[+ mon?s sp5d "o-half to "o-?ird ( ! p]iod on movem5t drills1 ! rema9d] be+ divid$ betwe5 capital lett]s & words & s5t5ces4 ,head+s3 ,use ! foll[+ head+ daily1 plac+ x on ! second blue l9e4 ,write on e l9e except ! fir/ bel[ ! head+4 ,model3 ,john ,br[n1 #b ,a1 ,sept4 #ae1 #aibd4 ,,?ird ,,grade ,we w assume t all pupils s f> advanc$ z ! ?ird grade are able to make all ! lett] =ms easily & c write words & s5t5ces ^u ! bo>d4 ,!y %\ld also be able to make /raight /rokes & ovals1 write words1 s5t5ces1 & ! mo/ necess>y capitals ) ! "r movem5t1 at ! seats4 ,9 bo? cases !y %\ld obs]ve correct po/ure1 slant1 spe$1 uni=mity1 & spac+ betwe5 words4 ,!y %\ld recognize ! diff]5ce betwe5 connective l9es1 & obs]ve ! foll[+ rule = spac+ betwe5 lett]s & words3 ,! space betwe5 lett]s %\ld be ! wid? ( ! di/ance betwe5 ! d[n /rokes 9 small u1 ! space betwe5 words %\ld be ! entire wid? ( small i4 ,doctor ,ayres has prov$ by comp>+ _m specim5s t "o ( ! greate/ drawbacks to legibility re/s 9 ! fact t ! lett]s are cr[d$ toge!r4 ,x w\ld be bett] to all[ extreme spac+ r ?an to p]mit ! pupils to huddle ! lett]s toge!r us+ b>ely half z mu* space betwe5 lett]s z !y %\ld4 ,! space ar\nd ! lett]s relieves ! eye ( ! read]1 & makes ev5 irregul> & crudely =m$ words fairly legible4 ,! pupils :o h be5 well tra9$ 9 movem5t c slide easily f "o lett] to ano!r ) ! "r-l5g? connective /roke4 ,pupils at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird ye> 9 s*ool w (t5 appe> to h =gott5 mu* t !y h be5 taught 9 p5man%ip1 z 9 o!r subjects4 ,dur+ ! vacation ! muscles h become some:at t5se1 !re=e relax+ ex]cises %\ld be giv5 frequ5tly 9 ord] to rega9 :at has be5 lo/4 7,see directions "u physical tra9+ phase1 ,*apt] ,two47 ,x w be well to give at lea/ "o week's practice at ! bo>d1 two %ort lessons daily4 ,review ! lett] =ms1 end+ ea* lesson ) a ^w4 ,! second week h pupils take p5s a few m9utes daily & review ovals & /rokes1 prelim9>y to writ+ ! ex]cises t w lead directly to ^w & s5t5ce build+4 ,aim3 ,to develop relaxation1 correct po/ure1 easy movem5t1 suffici5t spe$ to prev5t f+] movem5t1 & to apply ^! fundam5tal pr9ciples to all writ+ lessons1 spell+ & copy "w4 ,! grade is to be bas$ ^u :e!r or n ! pupil uses ! arm movem5t dur+ p5man%ip1 copy "w & spell+4 ,grade 8,failure0 if movem5t is n us$ z above direct$4 ,atta9 a spe$ ( fifty lett]s p] m9ute 9 words & s5t5ces4 ,mat]ial3 ,comp5dium1 :ite pap] half %eets1 co>se p51 p5hold]1 ink1 p5wip]1 blott]1 manila envelope = sample1 folio1 sev5 by n9e in*es1 9 :i* p5man%ip mat]ial only is to be kept4 ,tea*]s %\ld write pupils' names on folios4 ,on ,mondays pass en\gh pap] = ! week4 ,l5g? ( lesson3 ,fifte5 m9utes daily1 five times p] week4 ,aft] correct habits are e/abli%$1 enc\rage home practice4 ,place ! p5man%ip p]iod e>ly 9 ! day or prior to ! spell+ 9 ord] t x may function prop]ly4 ,di/ribution ( "t to subject matt]3 ,dur+ ! fir/ mon? give "o-half or m ( ! "t to good habit =mation by use ( movem5t drills4 ,= ! foll[+ mon?s sp5d "o-?ird ( ! p]iod on ovals1 little o1 or ! l1 "o-?ird on capital lett]s1 & "o-?ird on words & s5t5ces4 ,head+3 ,place ! foll[+ head+ daily on ! second blue l9e4 ,write on e l9e except ! fir/ bel[ ! head+4 ,model3 ,john ,br[n1 #c ,b1 ,sept4 #ae1 #aibd4 ,sample3 ,memorize ! foll[+ sample :i* is to be tak5 ! middle ( ea* mon?4 ,model3 ,john ,br[n1 #c ,b1 ,sept4 #ae1 #aibd4 ,john ,doe ,s*ool ,city1 ,/ate4 7,skip a l9e47 ,i use a free sw+ ,i use a free sw+ ,i use a free sw+ ,,f\r? ,,grade ,! dem& = m & bett] writt5 "w w become practically imp]ative 9 ! f\r? ye>4 ,! *ild w be able to meet ! dem& because he w h no?+ to undo1 hav+ sp5t all ! "t devot$ to p5man%ip 9 work+ on a correct f\ndation4 ,! ef=ts may be crude4 ,h[ev]1 te*nique 9 ! beg9n+ is ( less importance ?an t ! prop] habits may be e/abli%$4 ,x w be necess>y = ! tea*] ( ?is grade to require ( ! pupils all t has be5 requir$ be=e & to improve ^u :at has be5 done4 ,aim3 ,to develop relaxation1 correct po/ure1 easy movem5t1 suffici5t spe$ to prev5t f+] movem5t & to apply ^! fundam5tal pr9ciples to all writ+ lessons1 spell+1 & copy "w4 ,! grade is to be bas$ ^u :e!r or n ! pupil uses arm movem5t dur+ ! p5man%ip p]iod1 copy "w1 & spell+4 ,grade 8,failure0 if movem5t is n us$ z above direct$4 ,atta9 a spe$ ( sixty lett]s p] m9ute 9 words & s5t5ces4 ,mat]ials3 ,comp5dium1 :ite pap] half %eets1 co>se p51 p5hold]1 ink1 p5wip]1 blott]1 manila envelopes = samples1 folio sev5 by n9e in*es 9 :i* writ+ mat]ial only is to be kept4 ,tea*] %\ld label folios ) "n ( pupil4 ,on ,monday pass en\gh pap] = ! week4 ,l5g? ( lesson3 ,tw5ty m9utes daily1 five times p] week4 ,aft] correct habits are e/abli%$ enc\rage home practice4 ,place ! writ+ p]iod e>ly 9 ! day or prior to ! spell+ 9 ord] t x may function prop]ly4 ,di/ribution ( "t to subject matt]3 ,dur+ ! fir/ mon? give "o-half or m ( ! "t to good habit =mation by use ( movem5t drills4 ,= ! rema9d] ( ! ye> sp5d "o-?ird ( ! p]iod on ovals1 little o drill1 & ! l1 "o-?ird on capital lett]s & "o-?ird on words & s5t5ces4 ,head+3 ,place ! foll[+ head+ daily on ! second blue l9e4 ,write on e l9e except ! fir/ bel[ ! head+4 ,model3 ,john ,br[n1 #d ,b1 ,sept4 #ae1 #aibd ,sample3 ,memorize ! foll[+ sample :i* is to be made ! middle ( ea* mon?4 ,model3 ,john ,br[n1 #d ,b1 ,sept4 #ae1 #aibd ,john ,doe ,s*ool ,city1 ,/ate 7,skip a l9e7 ,i use a free sw+ ,i use a free sw+ ,i use a free sw+ ,,fif? ,,grade ,s9ce pupils 9 ! fif? grade are bett] develop$ m5tally & physically ?an ^? 9 ! prec$+ grade we may reasonably expect a bett] quality ( p5man%ip f !m4 ,9 ?is grade especially1 pupils %\ld be taught to "w indep5d5tly1 t is1 correctly )\t ! guidance ( ! tea*]4 ,!y _c g on =ev] ) a support+ prop4 ,x is m>vel\s h[ mu* !y w develop if l$ to become indep5d5t4 ,by way ( assi/+ !m1 give pupils a /udy plan & a small portion ( ! lesson "t1 p]haps two m9utes1 dur+ :i* "t make m5tal note ( ! po9ts neglect$ by ! majority ( ! class4 ,) ?is z a basis to "w ^u make ! next lesson /rong on ! po9ts 9 :i* ! pupils1 :5 work+ indep5d5tly1 seem ! weake/4 ,if pupils h e/abli%$ ! correct habits a half-h\r ( practice at home or at s*ool %\ld n we>y !m4 ,_m w practice long] ( _! own accord4 ,aim3 ,to develop relaxation1 correct po/ure1 easy movem5t1 & suffici5t spe$ to prev5t f+] movem5t & to apply ^! fundam5tal pr9ciples to all p5man%ip lessons1 spell+1 copy1 & dictation "w4 ,grade 8,failure0 unless movem5t is us$ z indicat$ above4 ,atta9 a spe$ ( sev5ty lett]s p] m9ute 9 words & s5t5ces4 ,mat]ial3 ,comp5dium1 full size %eets ( :ite pap]1 ink1 blott]1 heavy br[n folios1 n9e by twelve in*es1 co>se p51 wood5 p5hold]1 p5-wip]1 manila envelope = samples4 ,keep writ+ mat]ial only 9 ^! folios4 ,tea*] %\ld label folios ) ! "n ( ! pupil4 ,monday pass to ea* pupil en\gh pap] = ! week4 ,l5g? ( lesson3 ,tw5ty m9utes daily1 five times p] week4 ,place ! writ+ p]iod e>ly 9 ! day or prior to ! spell+ 9 ord] t x may function 9 appli$ "w4 ,di/ribution ( "t to subject matt]3 ,dur+ ! fir/ mon? sp5d half or m ( ! "t 9 develop+ po/ure1 movem5t1 & movem5t drills4 ,aft] ! fir/ mon? devote to movem5t drills1 ovals1 little lett]s & ! l1 "o-?ird to "o-f\r? ( ! p]iod2 to capital lett]s1 half ! rema9+ "t2 to words or s5t5ces ! rema9d] ( ! p]iod4 ,head+3 ,place on ! second blue l9e4 ,write on e l9e except ! fir/ bel[ ! head+4 ,model3 ,john ,br[n1 #e ,b1 ,sept4 #ae1 #aibd ,sample3 ,take sample on ! middle ( ea* mon?4 ,memorize4 ,model3 ,john ,br[n1 #e ,b1 ,sept4 #ae1 #aibd ,john ,doe ,s*ool ,city1 ,/ate 7,skip a l9e7 ,,abcdefghijklm ,,nopqr/uvwxyz 7,skip a l9e7 ,?is is a sample ( my be/ writ+ ,?is is a sample ( my be/ writ+ ,?is is a sample ( my be/ writ+ ,,six? ,,grade ,z classes pass f grade to grade1 ) ea* memb] accompli%+ :at he %\ld accord+ to 8 grade1 by ! "t !y rea* ! six?1 ! correct writ+ habit %\ld be firmly fix$4 ,x is well to h x s1 = n[1 m ?an ev] be=e does ! pupil h ne$ ( ?is en]gy & "t sav+ habit4 ,! dem&s = ! application ( ! writ+ habit are daily gr[+ m num]\s4 ,! p5man%ip lesson %\ld n[ be devot$ l>gely to fur!r /udy ( good lett] =ms1 provid+ pupils automatically use muscul> movem5t4 ,pupils ( ?is age w n[ recognize :at ! =m] tra9+ means4 ,!y w n[ be int]e/$ because !y realize t !y h be5 ga9+ some?+ t w be v useful to !m4 ,aim3 ,to develop relaxation1 correct po/ure1 easy movem5t1 & suffici5t spe$ to prev5t f+] movem5t & to apply fundam5tal pr9ciples to all writt5 ex]cises except ari?metic4 ,grade 8,failure0 unless movem5t is us$ z indicat$ above4 ,atta9 a spe$ ( eighty lett]s p] m9ute 9 words & s5t5ces4 ,! mat]ial1 l5g? ( lesson1 di/ribution ( "t to subject matt]1 head+ & samples may pr(itably be ! same z = ! fif? grade4 ,,sev5? ,,grade ,9 a s*ool :]e ea* tea*] has done h] %>e ( ! "w outl9$ accord+ to ! grade x w be obs]v$ t ! quality ( ! p5man%ip produc$ by sev5? grade pupils w 9 _m cases equal t ( adults4 ,adult le>n]s1 if !y h 9 previ\s ye>s us$ f+] movem5t w h m to ov]come ?an sev5? grade pupils4 ,x is well at all times to keep ! goal 9 view1 & gradually "w t[>d x4 ,nev] p]mit pupils to drift4 ,dur+ p5man%ip lessons frequ5t comp>isons ) ! models is ess5tial4 ,fri5dly competition has a place4 ,let p>allel grades ( ! same s*ool or neighbor+ s*ools comp>e "w4 ,take into consid]ation 9 ! competition1 fir/1 legibility1 !n "t consum$ = ! execution ( ! ex]cise1 uni=mity1 slant1 spac+1 size & connect+ & end+ /rokes4 ,_m pupils no d\bt d n use discretion 9 ! selection ( prop] equipm5t = home "w4 ,!y %\ld realize t ! "r heights ( table & *air mean mu* = com=t & !re=e h direct relation to physical endurance4 ,! use ( ! timepiece 9 ord] to keep up ! "r spe$ is an important po9t4 ,e ex]cise 9 ! manual practic$ at ! "r rate ( spe$ w enable sev5? grade pupils to acquire an av]age spe$ ( fifte5 to eighte5 words p] m9ute4 ,tea* ea* pupil to be sy/ematic 9 8 homework z well z at s*ool4 ,9 ?is grade x is int]e/+ at times to all[ a pupil :o has a s5se ( rhy?m 9 p5man%ip well develop$ to play ! piano1 select+ a m>* to :i* ! pupils might write c]ta9 drills4 ,! phonograph may be us$ to good advantage = ! purpose ( giv+ v>iety to ! drill "w4 ,pupils w enjoy writ+ ! drills to ! music4 ,!y mu/ appreciate m fully ?an ev] ! fact t ea* s*ool subject dep5ds to a great ext5t ^u o!rs1 p5man%ip be+ no exception4 ,! s5se ( rhy?m :i* %\ld come f ! /udy ( music w (t5 be ! inspiration t w move pupils to ! "r spe$ :5 ev]y?+ else fails4 ,:5 pupils write to ! rhy?m produc$ by _! own voices1 su* z conc]t c\nt+1 relaxation ( ! muscles takes place easily4 ,x has prov5 v satisfactory to appo9t a capta91 p]haps ! be/ p5man 9 ! r[1 to d ! c\nt+ = ! prelim9>y drills ) :i* ea* lesson %\ld beg94 ,?is relieves ! tea*] ( useless voice "w & helps to develop initiative on ! "p ( ! pupils4 ,x w be necess>y = pupils :o d ?is "w to c\nt exactly "r1 fir/ ) ! tea*]1 & lat] alone4 ,!y %\ld next le>n to c\nt & "w at ! same "t4 ,f9ally1 pupils may well obs]ve all ! sugge/ions made 9 previ\s grades4 ,!y %\ld1 h[ev]1 be able to produce mu* m f9i%$ results ?an 9 ! previ\s grade4 ,aim3 ,to develop relaxation1 correct po/ure1 easy movem5t1 suffici5t spe$ to prev5t f+] movem5t1 & to apply ^! fundam5tal pr9ciples to all writt5 ex]cises4 ,grade 8,failure0 unless movem5t is appli$ z indicat$ above4 ,atta9 a spe$ ( n9ety lett]s 9 words & s5t5ces4 ,l5g? ( lesson3 ,tw5ty m9utes daily1 ?ree to five times p] week4 ,! mat]ial1 di/ribution ( "t to subject matt]1 head+ & samples may pr(itably be ! same z = ! fif? grade4 ,,eigh? ,,grade ,x n[ rema9s = ! eigh? grade tea*] to receive ! pupils :o h be5 = ! la/ sev5 ye>s build+ among o!r useful habits ! p5man%ip /ructure4 ,! writ+ is p]haps "o ( ! fir/ subjects to be criticiz$ or comm5t$ ^u :5 ! class is promot$4 ,! evid5ce w be pla9ly = or aga9/ x4 ,x is a common occurr5ce = a piano pupil aft] discont9u+ practice to refuse to p]=m4 ,an a?lete out ( practice is an awkw>d figure :5 gett+ back into =m4 ,!re=e1 z p5man%ip is appli$ physical tra9+ x is n surpris+ t pupils :o d n keep up practice to a reasonable ext5t soon lose skill4 ,if ! daily practice mu/ be application to o!r subjects1 & n drill "w1 great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ to make conditions favorable = ! ret5tion ( ! correct p5man%ip habit4 ,x %\ld be ! privilege & duty ( ! pupils ( ?is grade s f> z possible to place all problems1 etc41 on ! bo>d = ! tea*]4 ,pupils ( ?is age %\ld be giv5 e opportunity to use _! good p5man%ip 9 any & all k9ds ( cl]ical "w4 ,!y l to feel t !y are helpful1 & ?is _s %\ld be fo/]$4 ,x is a sav+ ( ! tea*]'s "t & /r5g?1 & impresses pupils ) ! practical value ( good writ+4 ,z ^! pupils pass ?r\gh ! junior high s*ool1 ! s5ior high s*ool1 comm]cial colleges or univ]sities & out into ! actual bus9ess _w1 !y w take on t individuality 9 p5man%ip :i* suits be/4 ,! appe>ance ( _! writ+ w be consid]ably modifi$ ow+ to ! diff]5t conditions "u :i* ea* "o p]=ms 8 tasks4 ,?is is a matt] ( m9or importance4 ,! important "q = ea* tea*] & ea* pupil to answ] 9 ! affirmative is ?is3 ,is ! writ+ habit acquir$ 9 ! grades ! correct "o8 ,! cr[n ( all ! ef=ts %\ld be an en]gy & "t sav+ mann] ( writ+ t w be entirely readable4 ,aim3 ,to develop relaxation1 correct po/ure1 easy movem5t1 suffici5t spe$ to prev5t f+] movem5t & to apply ^! fundam5tal pr9ciples to all writt5 ex]cises4 ,grade 8,failure0 unless movem5t is appli$ z indicat$ above4 ,atta9 a spe$ ( "o hundr$ lett]s 9 words & s5t5ces4 ,l5g? ( lesson3 ,see sev5? grade4 ,! mat]ial1 di/ribution ( "t to subject matt]1 head+ & samples may pr(itably be ! same z = ! ?ree prec$+ grades4 ,,junior ,,high ,,s*ool ,:5 ! sev5?1 eigh?1 & n9? grades are set (f by !mselves & take ! "n ( ,junior ,high ,s*ool1 conditions are some:at diff]5t ?an :5 !y rema9 a "p ( ! grade sy/em4 ,! ideals ( ! s*ools diff]1 z !y %\ld1 9 "s respects4 ,a mo/ /rik+ diff]5ce is t a great] fre$om 9 ! *oice ( subjects is made possible 9 ! junior high s*ool4 ,! tool subjects are wisely /ill obligatory & p5man%ip %\ld be pursu$ until ma/]$ suffici5tly well to be a res\rce & n a liability 9 c>ry+ on o!r subjects4 ,aim3 ,to p]fect p5man%ip z a tool = s*ool "w & to impress ^? :o plan to ent] ^u bus9ess c>e]s at ! end ( ! n9? ye> ) ! fact t !y %\ld be especially s]i\s 9 p5man%ip prep>ation4 ,mat]ial3 ,simil> to t sugge/$ = prec$+ grades4 ,requir$ subject3 ,p5man%ip %\ld be requir$ ?r\gh ! sev5? grade & ( all eigh? grade pupils :o _c meet a reasonably high /&>d previ\sly agre$ ^u by ! pr9cipal1 sup]visor1 & tea*]s4 ,adm9i/ration ( te/s3 ,^! %\ld be giv5 sev]al weeks be=e ! end ( ea* seme/] 9 ord] to p]mit pupils :o h n rea*$ ! /&>d set to include p5man%ip 9 _! programs4 ,n9? grade pupils :o are specializ+ 9 comm]cial subjects %\ld h an opportunity = daily drill 9 p5man%ip 9 ord] to p]fect _! "w to a high] degree4 ,! mat]ials1 di/ribution ( "t to subject matt]1 =m = head+s1 & samples may pr(itably be simil> to t sugge/$ = =m] grades4 ,! junior high tea*] does n h ! same opportunity t ! grade tea*] enjoys = ! obs]vation ( results unless x is s arrang$ t ! p5man%ip tea*] h&les spell+ also4 ,9 su* a case by us+ tact1 firmness & "s inv5tion ?is p]iod ( application may prove almo/ or q z valuable to ! acquisition ( ! correct writ+ habit z ! "t devot$ to ! le>n+ ( ! drills4 ,,s5ior ,,high ,,s*ool ,!oretically1 /ud5ts 9 ! s5ior high s*ool %\ld n f9d x necess>y to pursue p5man%ip = acquisition z a tool1 b practically1 we f9d _m :o are s unskill$ 9 ?is subject t x is necess>y to make provision = !m4 ,9 any s5ior high s*ool we may h pupils :o h n _h ! advantages ( a good f\ndation 9 ! grades or 9 junior high4 ,aga91 !re are ^? :o acquire manual dext]ity ) great difficulty4 ,la/ly1 we h great numb]s t are qualify+ = comm]cial l9es4 ,! ne$s ( all mu/ be met4 7,discuss$ m fully 9 ,*apt] ,"o47 ,aim3 ,to provide e /ud5t :o leaves ! s5ior high s*ool ) a good work+ tool = bus9ess or college4 ,no possible excuse %\ld be (f]$ 9 place ( a good h&writ+ by a s5ior high s*ool graduate :o has _h ! opportunity to qualify4 ,mat]ials3 ,simil> to ^? 9 ! junior high s*ool4 ,requir$ subject3 ,p5man%ip %\ld be requir$ ( all :o _c meet a reasonably high /&>d agre$ ^u by pr9cipal1 sup]visor1 & tea*]s4 ,comm]cial /ud5ts %\ld qualify to a mu* high] degree ?an o!rs4 ,! adm9i/rations ( te/s1 di/ribution ( "t to subject matt]1 samples1 may well be c>ri$ on 9 a mann] simil> to t sugge/$ = ! upp] grades & junior high s*ool4 ,,*apt] ,,eight ,,sup]vision ,,& ,,! ,,p5man%ip ,,sup]visor ,,sup]vision ,,9 ,,! ,,pa/ ,sup]vision _h its rise 9 ! e>ly #gj's we are told4 ,at t "t educators began to foll[ to "s ext5t ! example ( ! _w ( indu/ry4 ,lotus ,d4 ,c(fman gives u z a humor\s def9ition ( ! function ( ! e>ly sup]visor ! foll[+3 8,! bus9ess ( a sup]visor is to ca/ a g5ial influ5ce ov] ! s*ools1 b o!rwise he is n to int]f]e ) ! "w ( ! s*ools40 ,sup]vision is evolv+1 & ! def9ition ( today may ne$ to be revis$ tomorr[4 ,at pres5t a sup]visor repres5ts ! sup]9t5d5t 9 c]ta9 well def9$ l9es4 ,z a pr9cipal he may h *>ge ( a build+4 ,he may h *>ge ( two or m subjects 9 a small] city4 ,he may h *>ge ( "o subject 9 a city1 c\nty1 or /ate4 ,,function ,,( ,,! ,,sup]visor ,! fir/ function ( a sup]visor is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ to be improvem5t 9 classroom tea*+4 ,let u place second ! responsibility = a suitable c\rse ( /udy 79 p5man%ip ! selection ( ! text71 & ?ird1 responsibility = /&>d me?ods :]eby results may be measur$4 ,,lead]%ip ,a ,,prime ,,qualification ,broad con/ructive lead]%ip is ! prime requisite = "o :o w\ld take ^u himself ! ardu\s duties ( sup]visor1 be x ( "o subject or ( _m4 ,ea* c&idate %\ld subject himself to a rigor\s self-rat+ process be=e tak+ up sup]vision1 & ^? 9 s]vice %\ld cont9ue to look )94 ,_m a situation w\ld be sav$ to lead]%ip & society if all :o t]m !mselves sup]visors or ev5 expect to "s day become su* w\ld turn ! :ite light ( inspection ^u !mselves4 ,x is n go+ too f> to say t ! prospective sup]visor be=e laun*+ himself %\ld take un/9t+ pa9s to diagnose 8 ability z a lead]4 ,,p]sonality ,a ,,necess>y ,,qualification ,sup]visory positions are l o!rs 9 t two ma9 qualities are ess5tial1 namely1 desirable p]sonality & suffici5t prep>ation4 ,^! ess5tials mu/ be fairly well balanc$ 9 ! p]son :o is a c&idate = a sup]visory (fice4 ,we are famili> ) ! type ( sup]visor :o1 ?\gh l>gely lack+ s*ola/ic atta9m5ts1 is s pleas+ z to give a c]ta9 desirable k9d ( s]vice & :o is !re=e reta9$ ye> aft] ye>4 ,comp>e su* a sup]visor ) ! rev]se1 ! "o :o has all ! pr(essional degrees obta9able b :o lacks ! human t\*4 ,nei!r type is entirely qualifi$4 ,tea*]s are good judges4 ,consult almo/ any tea*]-made li/ = desirable qualities1 & y w f9d t ! po9ts t make up a desirable p]sonality are giv5 pref]5ce to s*ol>%ip & o!r phases ( prep>ation4 ,g5u9e lead]s are always on ! al]t to improve !mselves4 ,:5 lead]s are k9d1 con/antly c\rte\s1 p]mit initiative1 keep in=m$ on curr5t movem5ts1 exhibit tact1 %[ indu/ry1 self-control1 are optimi/ic1 reliable1 c\rage\s1 j1 op5-m9d$1 progressive1 s9c]e1 tol]ant2 !n1 & !n only1 %all we cease to he> tea*]s speak ( ! wor?lessness ( sup]vision4 7,p]haps poor sup]vision has be5 a l>ge factor 9 fo/]+ poor tea*+47 ,physical /r5g? to meet ! num]\s dem&s is an ess5tial4 ,desirable1 9 fact1 necess>y requisites are pleas+ mann]s1 su* z poise1 ref9em5t1 good speak+ voice1 & self possession4 ,! ex]cise ( good ta/e 9 ! matt] ( correct & ta/eful clo?+ goes f> t[>d obta9+ & hold+ ! respect ( ^? ) :om a sup]visor comes 9 contact4 ,dress %\ld be simple & appropriate1 ( excell5t quality1 & n too /rik+4 ,x has be5 ! obs]vation ( ! writ] t sup]visors1 bo? m5 & wom5 frequ5tly use su* excruciat+ly bad ta/e 9 ! matt] ( app>el t ^? :o come 9 contact ) !m are v unfavorably impress$4 ,x does n take a great deal ( imag9ation to realize :y ! 8celluloid coll> man0 & ! 8ov]dress$0 or 8home made0 woman is n a welcome adjunct 9 ! classroom or at neighborhood ga!r+s4 ,,broad ,,prep>ation ,,indisp5sable ,,to ,,! ,,sup]visor ,9 ! n di/ant pa/ special-subject sup]visors f\nd x possible to qualify ) no fur!r g5]al prep>ation ?an a high s*ool diploma & a summ] session or two at "s high] in/itution4 ,?is is n[ legally impossible 9 _m /ates & wisely s4 ,a g5]al college c\rse is desirable1 & p>ticul>ly s s9ce sup]visors are apt to h occasion to direct tea*]s :o h _h su* tra9+4 ,sup]visors are criticiz$1 (t5 ju/ly1 = be+ n>r[ & kn[+ only "o subject4 ,old] sup]visors %\ld avail !mselves ( ! _m opportunities = pr(essional gr[?4 ,9 addition to be+ a graduate ( high s*ool & college a sup]visor ( a special subject %\ld h special tra9+ & practice tea*+ along ! l9e t he is sup]vis+4 ,graduate "w on ! "p ( ! g5]al sup]visor z ! ye>s g by is becom+ almo/ a necessity4 ,travel is an ess5tial "p ( education4 ,x is n putt+ x too /rongly to say t all sup]visors %\ld sp5d a "p ( ne>ly e summ] 9 travel or at "s univ]sity4 ,exception may be made ( ^? :o are call$ ^u to contribute to "s high] in/itution z in/ructors4 ,e ye> wor?y new educational books come f ! press1 & _m wor?-:ile articles are publi%$ 9 educational j\rnals4 ,sup]visors :o h a real message %\ld be will+ to contribute to ^! j\rnals4 ,by work+ out su* articles ! au?ors cl>ify _! own ideas & inspire _! fell[ work]s4 ,c>eful read+ ( educational j\rnals is b\nd to keep special-subject sup]visors aw>e ( ! g5]al tr5d ( education4 ,te*nical j\rnals %\ld ea* mon? f9d _! way to ! desk ( ! sup]visor ( special subjects4 ,x is assum$ t no p]son w\ld be unwise en\gh to attempt any sort ( sup]vision be=e hav+ s]v$ a probation>y t]m 9 ! grades & if possible 9 high s*ool4 ,?is gives ! prop] backgr\nd = effective sup]vision4 ,! be/ sup]visors are always 9 a process ( prep>ation & ea* ye> adds its quota ( exp]i5ce1 r\nd+ (f "h1 burni%+ up !re1 s(t5+ a high light ( defici5cy & bl5d+ all into a m helpful & desirable :ole4 ,,cont9ual ,,prep>ation ,,ess5tial ,let u assume t a p]son ) su* a p]sonality & s*ol>%ip z 0 m5tion$ e>li] 9 ?is *apt] is n[ laun*$ 9 a sup]visory position4 ,t p]son does n cease 8 prep>ation b r cont9ues x along practical l9es :i* may include "s or all ( ! features t are m5tion$ bel[4 ,! sup]visor :o has a s\nd k ( educational me?od w be able to improve class room tea*+ & ?is is ! prim>y purpose ( sup]vision4 ,! c\rse ( /udy is a feature t any sup]visor %\ld be con/antly prep>+ to deal )1 b ma9ly 9 connection ) sugge/ions f ! tea*]s :o are deal+ fir/ h& ) ! *ildr54 ,x is ! "p ( wisdom & ju/ice to capitalize ! /r5g? ( ! tea*+ =ce1 always giv+ due cr$it !re=4 ,! sup]visor kn[s h[ to adm9i/] /&>d te/s1 & is prep>$ to /& by ! f9d+s4 ,he is will+ to po9t out ! ne$ ( special educational treatm5t 9 specific cases4 ,he mu/ be prep>$ to place especially tal5t$ *ildr5 9 _! place & )\t fe>4 ,ea* *ild %\ld h 8 opportunity1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,virgil ,dickson4 ,?is is real democracy4 ,! p5man%ip sup]visor %\ld at any "t be able to demon/rate 8 subject ) ! aid ( ! class = ! b5efit ( ! tea*]4 ,"o ?+ is an ess5tial1 h[ev]3 ,! sup]visor mu/ d ?is 9 an arti/ic mann]1 & va/ly bett] ?an ! tea*] c d x4 ,demon/ration lessons are no d\bt ! mo/ popul> help t c be r5d]$ to tea*]s4 ,tea*]s l to see h[ "s "o else meets ! classroom problem1 & x is a gold5 "t = ! sup]visor to inculcate s\nd educational pr9ciples & good practice4 ,! sup]visor %\ld be prep>$ to adm9i/] details su* z r\t9e matt]s1 to plan visit+ days t are really wor? :ile1 to select texts1 mat]ial1 etc4 ,sup]visors %\ld n only be con/antly prep>+ !mselves = great] usefulness b %\ld /& ready ?r\gh c\rses provid$ by !mselves to (f] enc\ragem5t 9 ext5sion "w1 wor?-:ile meet+s1 & 9 ! plann+ ( educational exhibits4 ,su* exhibits %\ld be kept by ! sup]visors 9 ord] to %[ new tea*]s :at has be5 atta9$ 9 =m] ye>s4 ,/&>ds c easily be made cle> 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,,rat+ ,! mu* discuss$ problem ( rat+ ( tea*]s1 fir/ us$ 9 #ahif 9 ,milwaukee1 is ! cause ( consid]able 8grief0 among _m4 ,we are all rat$ 9 "o way or ano!r1 & aft] all :y be s5sitive ab\t x8 ,a good cure is a self rat+ c>d1 fill$ 9 c>efully1 pray]fully1 & !n laid aside until next self rat+ day arrives4 ,self competition is b\nd to yield good results4 ,let u le>n to look 9 ! mirror )\t fl9*+4 ,:atev] sy/em is us$ ! tea*] %\ld h a copy ( ! score c>d & !reby le>n ^u :at qualities to place values4 ,! score c>d is especially valuable = ! reason j giv54 ,no tea*] %\ld rise or fall on ! /r5g? ( "o rat+1 or on ! /r5g? ( ! rat+ ( "o p]son4 ,boice1 ,elliott & ,rugg h all contribut$ mu* 9 ! way ( score c>ds4 ,mr4 ,cook ( ,s\? ,dakota expla9s a mo/ int]e/+ & m]itori\s sy/em 9 use 9 8 /ate4 ,x rema9s = ,ka!r9e ,taylor ,cranor to pres5t ! fir/ self scor+ c>d = ! sup]visor z an aid to effici5cy 9 s*ool "w4 ,x (f]s to ea* "o ^u :om ! mantle ( sup]vision has fall5 food = ?\ght4 ,x mu/ provoke any ?9k+ p]son to a critical evaluation ( himself & 8 "w4 ,! six ma9 topics cov]$ are 9 sub/ance z foll[s3 #a4 ,educational1 social1 & p]sonal qualifications3 ,^! include lib]al education1 tact1 tol]ance1 poise1 appe>ance1 disposition1 lead]%ip1 loyalty1 ability to speak 9 public1 pati5ce1 #bfj po9ts4 #b4 ,c\rse ( /udy3 ,coop]ation 9 mak+ x1 ability to int]pret x1 #adj po9ts4 #c4 ,relation%ip to tea*]s3 ,wise selection1 consid]ation ( heal? 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"o t %>es responsibility1 is broad vision$1 has bo? h& & he>t culture1 is helpful1 c\rage\s1 & :o /ill reta9s ! human t\* & mo/ rapidly makes himself unnecess>y to ! tea*]8 ,,bibliography ,am]ican ,p5man 7,au/9 ,norman ,palm]1 ,editor71 a mon?ly publication4 ,a4 ,n4 ,palm] ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york ,city4 ,ayres1 ,dr4 ,leon>d ,p41 ,a ,scale = ,measur+ ! ,h&writ+ ( ,adults4 ,division ( ,education1 ,russell ,sage ,f\ndation4 ,new ,york ,city1 #aiae4 ,bus9ess ,educator1 a mon?ly publication1 ,columbus1 ,o4 ,c\rse ( ,/udy ,monographs1 ,elem5t>y ,s*ools1 ,no4 #e1 ,p5man%ip4 ,b]keley1 ,cali=nia1 #aiba4 ,c\rse ( ,/udy1 ,syllabus 9 ,p5man%ip1 z adopt$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,education1 ,city ( ,new ,york1 ,p>k ,av5ue & #ei? ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 #aiba4 ,c\rse ( ,/udy1 ,h&writ+1 by ,adm9i/rative ,dep>tm5t1 ,colorado ,spr+s ,public ,s*ools1 ,colorado ,spr+s1 ,colorado1 #aiba4 ,daugh]ty1 ,m>y ,l41 8,hi/ory ( ! ,tea*+ ( ,h&writ+ 9 ,am]ica10 ,elem5t>y ,s*ool ,j\rnal1 ,decemb]1 #aiag4 ,edson1 ,&rew ,w41 ,associate ,city ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,new ,york1 ,muscul> ,movem5t 9 ,its ,practical ,application4 ,a4 ,n4 ,palm] ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiaj4 ,freeman & ,daugh]ty1 ,h[ to ,tea* ,h&writ+4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co41 ,bo/on1 #aibc4 ,freeman1 ,frank ,nug5t1 ,! ,tea*+ ( ,h&writ+4 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co41 ,bo/on1 #aiad4 ---- 8,pres5t ,day ,issues 9 ! ,tea*+ ( ,h&writ+10 ,elem5t>y ,s*ool ,j\rnal1 ,sept41 #aibc4 ,fr5*1 ,w4 ,l41 ,psy*ology ( ,h&writ+4 ,putnam1 ,new ,york1 #aiad4 ,gray1 ,cl>5ce ,freeman1 ,a ,score ,c>d = ! ,measurem5t ( ,h&writ+4 ,! ,univ]sity1 ,au/91 ,tex41 #aiae4 ,hiles1 ,leta ,sev]ance1 & ,lor5z1 ,m>ian ,s41 ,c\rse ( ,/udy1 ,long ,bea* ,public ,s*ools1 ,long ,bea*1 ,cali=nia1 #aibc4 ,li/]1 ,c4 ,c41 ,muscul> ,movem5t ,writ+1 ,advanc$ ,book4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aiai4 ---- ,:at ,i ,saw 9 a ,writ+ ,class4 ,a4 ,n4 ,palm] ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiab4 ---- ,writ+ ,lessons 9 ! ,prim>y ,grades & ,tea*]s' ,guide to ,writ+ ,lessons 9 ,prim>y ,grades4 ,a4 ,n4 ,palm] ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiab4 ,mel5ey1 ,dr4 ,cl>5ce ,e41 ,associate ,city ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,new ,york ,city1 ,obs]vation on ! ,tea*+ ( ,p5man%ip 9 ! ,elem5t>y ,s*ools4 ,a4 ,n4 ,palm] ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiaa4 ,mills1 ,edw>d ,cl>5ce1 ,bus9ess ,p5man%ip4 ,am]ican ,book ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 ,palm]1 ,au/9 ,norman1 ,palm] ,me?od4 ,a4 ,n4 ,palm] ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiba4 ---- ,p5man%ip ,po9t]s1 a bi-mon?ly magaz9e4 ,a4 ,n4 ,palm] ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york4 ---- ,palm] ,p5man%ip ,budget4 ,a4 ,n4 ,palm] ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiae4 ,%\se1 ,j4 ,b41 8,ob/acles to ,good ,h&writ+10 ,elem5t>y ,s*ool ,j\rnal1 ,decemb]1 #aibc4 ,smi?1 ,alb]t ,j41 ,appli$ ,graphology4 ,! ,gregg ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aibj4 ,snesrud1 ,j4 ,m41 ,h&writ+ ,effici5cy 9 ,junior & ,s5ior ,high ,s*ools4 ,! ,gregg ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiba4 ,sp5c]ian ,au?ors4 ,ivison1 ,blakeman1 ,taylor ,co41 ,new ,york1 #ahgd4 ,/>*1 ,dr4 ,daniel1 ,educational ,measurem5ts4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 ---- ,educational ,psy*ology4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aiai4 ,/ryk]1 ,j4 ,a41 8,normal ,s*ool ,p5man%ip40 ,pap] read be=e ! ,national ,association ( ,p5man%ip ,sup]visors1 ,*icago1 #aiad4 ,! #ah? ,ye> ,book ( ! ,national ,society = ! ,/udy ( ,education1 ,"p ,,ii4 ,public ,s*ool ,publi%+ ,co41 ,bloom+ton1 ,ill41 #aiai4 ,?ompson1 ,m>y ,elizabe?1 ,psy*ology & ,p$agogy ( ,writ+4 ,w>wick ,york1 ,baltimore1 #aiaa4 ,?ompson1 ,o4 ,s41 ,?ompson's ,new ,p5man%ip1 ,tea*]s' ,manual4 ,privately pr9t$1 ,monrovia1 ,cali=nia1 #aiae4 ,taylor1 ,dr4 ,joseph ,s41 ,di/rict ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,new ,york ,city1 ,educational ,value ( ,muscul> ,movem5t ,writ+4 ,a4 ,n4 ,palm] ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiaj4 ,zan]1 ,c4 ,p41 ,zan] ,me?od ,manual #add4 ,zan] ,blos] ,publi%+ ,co41 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 #aiae4 ---- ,blackbo>d ,writ+4 ,zan] ,blos] ,publi%+ ,co41 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 #aiaa4 ,,index ,accuracy1 ,p5man%ip an aid to1 #cb ,alphabet1 #gf ,association1 ,laws (1 #da ,a?letics1 ,p5man%ip z correlat$ )1 #ae2 ,dr4 ,gulick's rules1 #cb2 relation to p5man%ip1 #cc ,aw>ds1 #hc ,blackbo>d1 ,k9d & use (1 #fc2 z a tea*]1 #fd2 gives c\rage to poor writ]s1 #fe2 po9ts to be obs]v$ 9 lessons on1 #fe1 #fg ,blackbo>d proc$ure = all grades1 #gc1 #ge ,blott]1 ,use (1 #gj ,boice1 quot$1 #aba ,*amb]la91 ,quotation1 #cb ,clews1 ,h5ry1 ,/atem5t (1 #i ,c(fman1 ,lotus ,d41 quot$1 #aac ,colonel ,p>k]1 ,quotation1 #eg ,comm]cial s*ools1 ,success (1 #de ,comm]cialization ( p5man%ip1 #i ,compreh5sive ,physical ,culture1 ,rules = good be>+ quot$ f1 #bb ,conv5tions1 ,ob$i5ce to1 enc\rag$1 #ac ,cook1 quot$1 #aba ,coop]ation ( all (ficials & dep>tm5ts necess>y1 #eh1 #ei ,correlation ( p5man%ip ) o!r subjects1 #eg ,c\nt+1 #hc ,c\nt1 correct1 ,movem5t regulat$ by1 #bd ,cranor1 ,ka!r9e ,taylor1 quot$1 #aba ,cr$it evaluation1 #ej ,dictation1 #hc ,elliott1 quot$1 #aba ,eyesight1 ,cons]vation (1 #dg ,figures1 #ge ,fold]s1 #fh ,good writ+1 wor? 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( p]iod1 #ce1 #cf2 effective leads to correct writ+ habit1 #cg ,progress lesson1 #gg1 #gh ,rat+1 ,value (1 #abj1 #aba ,relaxation a necess>y condition1 #af ,relaxation ( adults1 #af ,relaxation1 ,six me?ods ( obta9+1 #ag-ah ,review1 ,value (1 #cj ,samples1 ,object (1 #hj2 proc$ure & /&>ds1 #ha ,score c>d1 ,value (1 #aba ,segregation1 ,value (1 #gh1 #gi ,simil>ity ( lett] =ms1 recognition (1 #cj ,slant1 ,correct1 ! result ( correct direction ( movem5t1 #bc ,/&>ds1 ,two sets (1 #i ,/udy1 ,h[ to1 #gb2 capitals1 #gb2 words & s5t5ces1 #gb ,sup]visor1 def9$1 ,! be/1 #abb ,sup]visor1 ,function (1 #aad ,sup]visor1 ,lead]%ip a prime qualification1 #aad2 prep>ation & desirable p]sonality necess>y1 #aae1 #aaf1 #aag2 physical endurance & appe>ance1 #aaf2 exp]i5ce an aid to1 #aah2 cont9ual prep>ation necess>y =1 #aah2 aid 9 improv+ class room in/ruction1 #aai2 c\rse ( /udy & !1 #aai2 value ( te/s recogniz$ by1 #aai2 ability to demon/rate necess>y =1 #aai2 att5tion to r\t9e matt]s1 #abj2 s]vice1 #abj ,sup]visor's visit1 ,prep>ation ( tea*] =1 #ha1 #hb ,tea*]1 ,duty (1 #eb2 qualifications (1 #ec2 z psy*ologi/s1 #ed2 z demon/rators1 #ee2 be/ pro( ( a good1 #ee2 p]sonal influ5ce (1 #ef2 z an inspiration1 #ef ,te*nique necess>y1 #ea ,te/1 ,a satisfactory1 #fa1 #fb ,te/s1 ,application ( /&>d1 #gf2 endurance1 #gf ,te/s1 /&>d1 ,use (1 #hd ,!ori/1 def9$1 ,a1 #eb ,"t1 ,economy (1 #dh1 #di2 a computation on1 #ej ,timepiece1 ,use (1 #hc ,typewrit]1 ,use (1 #i ,visualization1 ,correct1 #bh2 pr9ciple ( multiple impression1 #bi ,visualization1 ,rules = effective1 #ca ,z ,gr\p1 #gg 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ to p>agraph breaks ne> :]e !y are m5tion$4 ,punctuation has be5 made consi/5t4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation 7 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication1 except t obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4