,,! ,,moon ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,cop]nicus ,,& ,,! ,,c>pa?ian ,,m\nta9s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,moon ,a ,,popul> ,,treatise ,by ,,g>rett ,p4 ,,s]viss ,illu/ration ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company ,,new ,,york #aijg ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,copyright1 #aijg1 ,,by ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company ,publi%$ ,octob]1 #aijg ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,preface ,,! read] famili> ) a/ronomical lit]ature w d\btless rem>k a c]ta9 resemblance betwe5 ! plan on :i* ?is book is writt5 & t ( ,font5elle's 8,conv]sations on ! ,plurality ( ,worlds10 a ,fr5* classic ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! au?or freely ackn[l$ges t x 0 ! recollection ( ! pleasure :i* ! read+ ( ,font5elle's book gave him1 ye>s ago1 t l$ to ! adoption ( a some:at simil> plan = ?is description ( ! moon4 ,b1 except t 9 bo? cases ! conv]sational me?od is employ$1 no great lik5ess w be f\nd betwe5 :at is "h pres5t$ & ! "w ( ! witty ,fr5*man4 ,hav+ be5 invit$ by ! ,messrs4 ,appleton ,co4 to prep>e a small volume1 to be bas$ on a s]ies ( lun> photographs repres5t+ ! moon z x appe>s on successive ev5+s dur+ an entire lunation1 ! au?or felt t ! "w %\ld be made z ent]ta9+ z possible4 ,he has1 !re=e1 avoid$ te*nicalities1 :ile endeavor+ to pres5t all ! mo/ ess5tial facts kn[n ab\t our satellite4 ,:at he has writt5 is int5d$ = ! g5]al read]1 :o desires to le>n ! results ( ! great advances 9 a/ronomy )\t be+ too mu* tr\bl$ ) ! sci5tific me?ods by ^: aid ^? results h be5 rea*$4 ,?is is ! fir/ "t1 z f> z ! au?or is aw>e1 t a s]ies ( lun> photographs1 %[+ our satellite 9 its v>y+ aspects f ,new to ,old ,moon1 has be5 pres5t$ 9 a book1 accompani$ ) a description ( ! m\nta9s1 pla9s1 volcanoes1 & o!r =mations %[n 9 ea* successive photograph4 ,! read] is enabl$ to place himself1 z x 71 9 an obs]vatory ( ! fir/ rank1 provid$ ) ! mo/ p[]ful app>atus ( ! a/ronom]1 &1 dur+ an entire mon?1 view ! moon 9 h] *ang+ phases4 ,! photographs "h reproduc$ 7 made at ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory1 & ! mo/ grateful ackn[l$gm5ts are t5d]$ to ,pr(4 ,edw9 ,b4 ,fro/1 its director1 = g5]\sly cons5t+ to _! use = ?is purpose4 ,he c\ld only h be5 induc$ to d s by 8 desire to see ! fruits ( ! admirable "w accompli%$ by 8 associates enjoy$ by an ev]-wid5+ circle4 ,! s]ies ( photographs repres5t+ ! moon on successive ev5+s 7 tak5 ) ! #ab-;in* telescope ( ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory by ,mr4 ,james ,wallace1 :o employ$ a color filt] t he con/ruct$ specially = ?is telescope1 :i* possesses a visual & n a photographic objective4 ,! l>g] scale photographs1 repres5t+ c]ta9 select$ regions on ! moon1 7 tak5 by ,mr4 ,rit*ey1 n[ ( ! ,c>negie ,sol> ,obs]vatory at ,m\nt ,wilson1 ,cali=nia1 ) ! great #dj-;in* telescope ( ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory4 ,x is unnecess>y to speak ( ! extraord9>y quality ( ^! photographs1 :i* h be5 admir$ by a/ronom]s 9 all l&s4 ,x %\ld1 p]haps1 be add$ t :ile ! director ( ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory has %[n confid5ce 9 ! au?or by intru/+ to him ! use ( ^! photographs1 yet1 nei!r ,pr(essor ,fro/1 nor ,messrs4 ,wallace & ,rit*ey are 9 any way responsible = ! /atem5ts made 9 ?is book4 ,! au?or has tak5 pa9s to be accurate1 b if any errors ( fact or op9ion h crept 91 he alone mu/ be blam$ = !m4 ,,g>rett ,p4 ,,s]viss4 ,,*,,teau ,d',,arceau1 ,c,,te ,d',,or1 ,,france1 ,june1 #aijg4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction #c ,i4 --,,new ,,moon ,,to ,,fir/ ,,qu>t] #dg ,,ii4 --,,fir/ ,,qu>t] ,,to ,,full ,,moon #hc ,,iii4 --,,full ,,moon ,,to ,,old ,,moon #aca ,,iv4 --,,great ,,sc5es ,,on ,,! ,,moon #aha ,,app5dix #bci ,,index #bdc ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,cop]nicus & ! ,c>pa?ian ,m\nta9s ,frontispiece ,,photographs ,,( ,,! ,,moon ,,%[+ ,,phases ,,( ,,*ange ,,page ,no4 #a1 ,febru>y #ai1 #aijd2 ,moon's ,age #c4he ,days #ej ,no4 #b1 ,septemb] #bd1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #c4hg ,days #ef ,no4 #c1 ,july #bi1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #e4ed ,days #ff ,no4 #d1 ,novemb] #bd1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #e4gd ,days #gb ,no4 #e1 ,july #a1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #f4bd ,days #gd ,no4 #f1 ,novemb] #bf1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #g4ge ,days #gh ,no4 #g1 ,july #b1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #g4bd ,days #ij ,no4 #h1 ,augu/ #ca1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #i4bb ,days #id ,no4 #i1 ,augu/ #b1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #h4ig ,days #ajb ,no4 #aj1 ,novemb] #cj1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #aa4gh ,days #ajf ,no4 #aa1 ,decemb] #a1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #ab4ih ,days #aab ,no4 #ab1 ,septemb] #d1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #ac4bg ,days #aah ,no4 #ac1 ,septemb] #e1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #ad4dj ,days #abb ,no4 #ad1 ,augu/ #bf1 #aijd2 ,moon's ,age #ae4fe ,days #acb ,no4 #ae1 ,augu/ #bh1 #aijd2 ,moon's ,age #ag4da ,days #acd ,no4 #af1 ,augu/ #bi1 #aijd2 ,moon's ,age #ah4fb ,days #ach ,no4 #ag1 ,octob] #aj1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #bj4jf ,days #adb ,no4 #ah1 ,septemb] #bi1 #aijd2 ,moon's ,age #bj4ej ,days #add ,no4 #ai1 ,augu/ #af1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #bc4ha ,days #aej ,no4 #bj1 ,augu/ #ag1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #bd4hd ,days #aeh ,no4 #ba1 ,augu/ #ai1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #bf4hi ,days #afh ,,photographs ,,( ,,! ,,moon ,,%[+ ,,significant ,,features ,,page ,bullialdus & ! ,m>e ,nubium #ahb ,ty*o1 ,clavius1 & _! ,surr\nd+s #aib ,! ,great ,s\?we/ on ! ,moon #aih ,! ,giant ,r+ ,m\nta9 ,!ophilus & its #bjf ,neighbors4 ,two ,great ,lun> 8,seas0--! ,m>e ,s]5itatis & #bah a ,"p ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium ,,diagrams ,,9 ,,text ,,page ,phases & ,rotation ( ! ,moon #ad ,! ,moon's ,pa? ) ,respect to ! ,sun & ! #ag ,e>? ,! ,moon & ! ,tides #bc ,effect ( ,moon1 ,v>y+ ,velocity 9 ,orbit #eh ,produc+ ,libration 9 ,longitude ,lun> ,volcano1 9 ,section #he ,t]re/rial ,volcano1 9 ,section #he ,diagram ,%[+ ,:y ! ,w9t] ,moon ,runs ,high #agj ,diagram ,%[+ ,:y ,moon ,rises ,lat] ,e ,night #agc ,diagram ,illu/rat+ ! ,h>ve/ ,moon #agd ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,introduction ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,introduction ,,"o s]5e ev5+1 :5 ! full moon1 ris+ sl[ly above ! tree tops1 began to spread ov] ! l&scape t peculi> radiance :i*1 by half reveal+ & half conceal+1 by s(t5+ all outl9es1 & by imp>t+ a c]ta9 my/]y to ! mo/ famili> objects1 fasc9ates at once ! eye & ! imag9ation1 ,i 0 walk+ ) a fri5d1 a lady ( *>m+ intellig5ce1 9 a private p>k adjo9+ an old mansion 9 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful di/ricts ( c5tral ,new ,york4 ,= a long "t we bo? rema9$ sil5t1 admir+ ! sc5e be=e u1 s diff]5t 9 e aspect f its appe>ance 9 ! gl>e ( daylight--ea* occupi$ ) ! ?\ghts t su* a spectacle sugge/s4 ,sudd5ly my fri5d turn$ to me & said3 8,tell me--=1 l s _m ?\s& o!rs1 ,i am virtually ignorant ( ^! my/]ies ( ! sky--tell me1 :at is t moon8 ,:at d a/ronom]s really "k ab\t x80 8,b10 ,i repli$1 8y c]ta9ly exagg]ate y\r ignorance4 ,y mu/ h read :at s _m books h told ab\t ! moon40 8,n a ^w10 0 ! reply1 8or at lea/1 :at ,i h read has made little impression ^u my m9d4 ,i read few books ( sci5ce2 g5]ally !y repel me4 ,b face to face ) t m>vel\s moon1 ,i f9d x irresi/ible1 & my desire = k conc]n+ x becomes int5se4 ,i rememb] some?+ ab\t eclipses1 & some?+ ab\t tides1 ) :i*1 ,i believe1 ! moon is conc]n$4 ,i recall ! /atem5t t ! moon has no atmosph]e1 b does possess great m\nta9s & volcanoes4 ,yet ^! ?+s are s jumbl$ 9 my memory ) te*nical /atem5ts :i* fail$ to int]e/ me1 t really my ignorance rema9s pr(\nd4 ,b ,i h he>d t _m surpris+ discov]ies h be5 made lately conc]n+ ! moon1 & t a/ronom]s h succe$$ 9 tak+ wond]ful photographs ( sc5es 9 ! lun> _w4 ,i h1 inde$1 se5 copies ( "s ( ^! photographs1 b beyond awak+ curiosity by _! biz>re effects ( light & %ad[1 !y impress$ me little1 = lack1 ,i suppose1 ( in=mation z to _! mean+4 ,i beg y1 !n1 to tell me :at is really kn[n ab\t ! _w ( ! moon4 ,!re x is2 ,i see x2 ,i exp]i5ce ! delightful impressions :i* its light produces--b1 aft] all1 :at is x1 & :at %\ld we behold if we c\ld g !re8 ,i once read ,jules ,v]ne's romance ( a trip to ! moon1 b un=tunately 8 adv5tur]s nev] really got !re1 & ,i f9i%$ ! /ory ) a ke5 s5se ( disappo9tm5t because1 9 ! end1 he told s v little ab\t ! moon itself4 ,z = ! pr(essional books ( ! a/ronom]s !y are useless to me4 ,!n1 please tell me t :i*1 at ?is mom5t1 ) t wond]ful orb actually 9 sight1 ,i s mu* desire to "k40 ,x 0 n possible to resi/ an appeal s e>ne/ly urg$1 b ,i felt compell$ to say3 8,s9ce y rememb] s little ab\t ! fundam5tal facts :i* g5]ations ( a/ronom]s h accumulat$ conc]n+ our ne>e/ neighbor 9 ! sky1 ,i mu/1 = ! sake ( complet5ess1 & 9 ord] to put y au c\rant ) ! m captivat+ ?+s t w come lat]1 beg9 at ! beg9n+1 & ! true beg9n+ is n among ! m\nta9s ( ! moon1 b "h on ! e>?4 ,we mu/ />t f our own globe--z ! moon h]self did40 8,:at d y mean by t80 my fri5d ask$ ) a tone ( surprise4 8,h y n read1 some:]e1 9 ! la/ t5 ye>s1 t ! moon 0 actually born f ! e>?80 8,yes1 n[ t y m5tion x1 ,i dimly recall some?+ ( ! k9d1 b ,i took x = an extravagant speculation ( "s savant :o possess$ m imag9ation ?an solid k40 8,! savant :o orig9ally demon/rat$ ! e>?ly orig9 ( ! moon10 ,i repli$1 8is n "o to be easily l$ into extravagance by 8 imag9ation4 ,x is ,pr(4 ,george ,d>w91 ! son ( ! fam\s au?or ( ! #8,orig9 ( ,species4' ,i %all n m5tion 8 ma!matics1 :i* are tr\blesome1 b all[ me to tell y1 9 a ^w1 t 8 inve/igations h satisfi$ a/ronom]s t ! e>? & ! moon once compos$ a s+le body4 ,h[ _m million ye>s ago t 0 we c only guess4 ,! causes ( ! sep>ation :i* ev5tually occurr$ 7 ! pla/ic condition ( ! orig9al body :ile x 0 yet hot & molt51 its swift axial rotation produc+ an imm5se c5trifugal =ce at its equator1 & ! attraction ( ! sun rais+ huge tides :i* affect$ its entire mass in/ead ( affect+ only ! wat]s ( ! ocean z ! tides d at pres5t4 ,at la/ !re came a "t :5 an enorm\s portion ( ! swiftly rotat+ globe 0 torn loose4 ,t portion includ$ ab\t "o-eightie? ( ! entire mass ( ! e>?4 ,"s a/ronom]s & geologi/s ?9k t ! #8w\nd' left 9 ! side ( ! e>? by ?is /up5d\s excision is yet traceable 9 ! bas9 ( ! ,pacific ,ocean4 8,! sep>ation be+ once effect$1 ! mat]ial t _h escap$ gradually assum$ a globul> =m "u ! influ5ce ( ! gravitation ( its own p>ticles2 &1 at ! same "t1 by virtue ( a curi\s reaction ( ! tidal attractions ( ! two bodies ^u ea* o!r1 ! new-born globe 0 sl[ly =c$ away f its "m e>?1 becom+1 9 fact1 its satellite4 ,?us1 by a process :i* c]ta9ly does seem extravagantly imag9ative1 b :i*1 nev]!less1 is approv$ by /rict ma!matical d$uctions f kn[n physical facts1 ! moon is believ$ to h _h h] bir?40 8,surely10 said my companion1 8my imag9ation w\ld nev] h d>$ to =m su* a picture1 ev5 if x _h be5 capable ( s extraord9>y a flight40 8,no10 ,i repli$1 8nor ! imag9ation ( ! mo/ le>n$ a/ronom]4 ,y p]ceive t 9 ?+s cele/ial z 9 ?+s t]re/rial fact is f> m /range ?an fiction4 ,we %all h occasion to ref] to "s ( ! consequ5ces ( ! e>?ly orig9 ( ! moon lat] on1 b j n[ 9 ord] t ! k y seek may n be too fragm5t>y1 ,i mu/ tell y "s o!r1 m commonly kn[n1 facts ab\t our satellite40 8,judg+ by myself ,i d\bt if !re are _m su* facts commonly kn[n40 8,p]haps y are "r1 b d n judge too sev]ely ! au?ors ( a/ronomical books4 ,su* books are writt5 prim>ily = ^? :o wi% to /udy1 n = ^? :o desire to be intellectually ent]ta9$4 ,b let me get ?r\gh ) my prelim9>ies1 & !n1 "u ! guidance ( sci5ce & photography1 we %all try to visit ! moon4 ,"o ( ! fir/ que/ions t naturally arise conc]n+ ! objects t we see 9 ! heav5s relates to _! di/ance f u4 ,! av]age1 or mean1 di/ance ( ! moon f ! e>? is #bch1hdj miles4 ,= ! sake ( a r\nd numb] we usually call x #bdj1jjj miles4 ,b ! orbit1 or pa?1 ( ! moon 9 h] mon?ly j\rney ar\nd ! e>?1 is s f> f be+ a true circle t ! di/ance is v>iable to ! ext5t ( #ca1jjj miles4 ,ev5 ! =m ( ! moon's pa? 9 space is n con/ant4 ,ow+ to ! v>y+ effects ( ! attraction ( ! e>? & ! sun1 h] elliptical orbit becomes n[ a little m & n[ a little less ecc5tric1 ! consequ5ce be+ t ! moon's di/ance f ! e>? is cont9ually *ang+4 ,:5 %e is at h] greate/ possible di/ance %e is #bec1jjj miles away1 b ?is di/ance at c]ta9 times1 may be r$uc$ to only #bba1fjj miles4 ,z a result ( ^! *anges ( di/ance ! moon sometimes appe>s noticeably l>g] to our eyes ?an at o!r times4 8,?is leads u next to inquire1 #8,:at is ! actual size ( ! moon8' ,:5 we "k ! di/ance ( any body f ! eye x is n difficult to det]m9e its size4 ,! diamet] ( ! moon is #b1afc miles4 ,! face ( ! full moon conta9s #g1cjj1jjj squ>e miles4 ,x is a little l>g] ?an ! cont95t ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,= a reason t we w speak ( pres5tly1 ! moon always keeps ! same side t[>d u no matt] 9 :at "p ( its orbit x may be4 ,consequ5tly we always see ! same features ( h] surface &1 except ?r\gh inf]5ce1 we d n "k :at exi/s on ! o!r side ( ! lun> globe4 ,( ! #g1cjj1jjj squ>e miles ( surface :i* ! moon pres5ts to u1 ab\t #b1ijj1jjj are occupi$ by ^? d>k gray pat*es :i* y see s pla9ly spott+ h] face1 & :i* 7 once suppos$ to be seas4 ,! rema9+ #d1djj1jjj squ>e miles consi/ ( a v r\gh1 brok5 c\ntry1 ridg$ ) gigantic m\nta9s & conta9+ hundr$s ( enorm\s crat]s1 & m\nta9-r+$ valleys1 :i* are s va/ t "o hesitates to call !m1 :at _m ( !m seem evid5tly to be1 ext9ct volcanoes4 ,a s+le explosion ( a volcano ( ! dim5sions ( "s ( ^! lun> mon/]s w\ld %ake ! :ole e>? to its c5t]60 8,please /op a mom5t10 my fri5d laugh+ly int]rupt$4 8,s _m m]ciless facts1 *as+ "o at ! heels ( ano!r1 are z bad z ! books on y\r sci5ce t ,i h tri$ to read4 ,give my imag9ation "t to ov]take y40 8,v well10 ,i said1 8!n relieve y\r att5tion a little :ile by reg>d+ ! face ( ! moon4 ,d y p]ceive ! portrait ( ! ,moon ,maid5 !re80 8,i believe ,i d1 al?\gh ,i nev] notic$ x be=e4 ,x is 9 pr(ile1 is x n80 8,yes1 & x occupies all ! c5tral portion ( ! we/]n half ( ! disk4 ,take ! op]a glass & y w see x m cle>ly40 8,really1 ,i f9d h] q *>m+10 said my companion1 aft] gaz+ = a m9ute ?r\gh ! glass4 8,b :at a coquette6 ,look at ! magnific5t jewel %e we>s at h] ?roat1 & ! p>ure ( pe>ls t b9ds h] hair60 8,yes10 ,i repli$1 8& no t]re/rial coquette ev] wore gems s unpur*asable z ^? ) :i* ! ,moon ,maid5 has deck$ h]self4 ,t flam+ jewel on h] brea/ is a volcano1 ) a crat] m ?an fifty miles across6 ,ty*o1 a/ronom]s call x4 ,obs]ve ) ! glass h[ broad rays %oot out f x 9 all directions4 ,!y are among ! greate/ my/]ies ( lun> sc5]y4 ,& ! /r+ ( brilliants 9 h] hair consi/s ( a *a9 ( m\nta9s great] ?an ! ,alps--! lun> ,ap5n9es4 ,!y ext5d m ?an #dej miles1 & h peaks #bj1jjj feet high1 :i* gleam l poli%$ facets40 8,truly10 said my companion1 smil+1 8^! gigantesque facts ( y\rs r t5d to dissipate ! romantic impression t ,i _h conceiv$ ( ! ,moon ,maid540 8,no d\bt10 ,i repli$4 8,x is only di/ance t l5ds h] en*antm5t4 ,b we mu/ n disreg>d ! facts4 ,h] hair1 y p]ceive1 is =m$ by "s ( ! va/ gray pla9s ( :i* ,i spoke a few m9utes ago4 ,%e is l a face 9 ! cl\ds--approa* h]1 or *ange ! po9t ( view & %e disappe>s or dissolves into some?+ else4 8,n[1 to return to my prelim9>ies1 ^u :i* ,i mu/ insi/4 ,kn[+ ! di/ance & ! size ( ! moon1 ! next "q relates to h] motions4 ,y are aw>e t %e travels ar\nd ! e>? ab\t once e mon?4 ,!re are two ways 9 :i* we measure ! l5g? ( "t t ! moon takes = ea* revolution4 ,fir/1 reg>d+ ! face ( ! sky z a great dial1 ) ! />s = m>ks ^u x1 we notice ! "t t elapses betwe5 two successive conjunctions ( ! moon ) ! same />4 ,9 ! int]val %e has gone completely ar\nd ! e>? & come back to ! />t+ po9t4 ,?is is call$ ! moon's sid]eal revolution1 & x occupies1 on ! av]age1 tw5ty-sev5 days1 sev5 h\rs1 =ty-?ree m9utes1 twelve seconds4 ,e tw5ty-f\r h\rs ! moon advances among ! />s1 f we/ to ea/1 ab\t #ac #aa4 8,b !re is ano!r1 m usual way ( measur+ ! orbital p]iod ( ! moon4 ,?is way is connect$ ) h] phases1 or *anges ( %ape1 f ! sickle ( ! ,new ,moon to ! r\nd disk ( ! ,full ,moon1 & back aga9 to ! rev]s$ sickle ( ! wan+ moon4 ,x is ! "t t elapses f "o ,new ,moon to ! next1 or f "o ,full ,moon to ! next :i* n[ conc]ns u1 & x am\nts1 on ! av]age1 to tw5ty-n9e days1 twelve h\rs1 =ty-f\r m9utes4 ,?is is call$ ! moon's synodic revolution1 & x is equival5t to ! ord9>y lun> mon?4 ,x is v>iable to ! am\nt ( ab\t ?irte5 h\rs4 ,! reason :y ! synodic revolution is m ?an two days long] ?an ! sid]eal revolution is because ! cont9ual advance ( ! e>? 9 its orbit ar\nd ! sun causes ! latt] to move ea/w>d among ! />s1 & be=e ! moon's mon?ly phases1 :i* dep5d ^u h] position ) reg>d to ! sun1 c recomm5ce1 %e mu/ ov]take ! sun40 8,:at a hopeless task to try to rememb] all t60 8,at any rate1 if y _c rememb] ^! ?+s my consci5ce w be cle>1 = ,i am simply do+ my duty 9 tell+ y ( !m4 ,if y =get1 g to ! books on a/ronomy & refre% y\r memory4 ,b d n p]suade y\rself t ! prelim9>ies are n[ f9i%$4 ,y are go+ to ?9k t my /ory ( ! moon resembles ,walt] ,scott's novels 9 ! l5g? ( its introduction2 b if1 9 ! end1 ,i c int]e/ y half z mu* z he f9ally int]e/s 8 read]s ,i %all ?ank ! />s = my good =tune4 8,! next ?+ t ,i mu/ try to expla910 ,i cont9u$1 8is ! cause ( ! moon's phases1 or h] cont9ual *anges ( =m4 ,y "k t ! ,new ,moon is %ap$ l a ?9 cresc5t1 & always appe>s 9 ! we/ imm$iately aft] sund[n1 ) ! convex side fac+ ! sett+ sun4 ,! moon at ,fir/ ,qu>t] is a half circle & is visible 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! sky j aft] sunset4 ,! ,full ,moon1 :i* we h at pres5t1 is a complete r\nd disk1 & is always se5 directly opposite to ! place ( ! sun1 s t %e rises :5 ! sun sets4 ,! moon at la/ qu>t] is aga9 a half circle1 & appe>s on ! m]idian 9 ! s\? at sunrise4 ,! wan+ moon is l ! new moon1 cresc5t-%ap$1 b ! convexity ( ! b[ faces ! ris+ sun1 & %e is visible only 9 ! morn+ sky j z dawn beg9s4 ,to expla9 ! reasons = ^! *anges ( %ape1 :i* ! moon regul>ly und]goes e mon?1 ,i mu/ ask y to g indoors & exam9e a little diagram :i* ,i h made40 8,oh60 said my companion1 8x is too bad to ab&on ?is *>m+ spectacle1 illum9at$ by rays s fasc9at+1 = ! sake ( look+ at ma!matical l9es drawn on pap]6 ,b ,i suppose t ?is is "o ( ! sacrifices dem&$ by y\r inexorable sci5ce1 & mu/ be made40 8,yes10 ,i said1 8b if sci5ce sometimes dem&s sacrifices1 at lea/ %e always rew>ds !m mo/ g5]\sly40 ,:5 we _h return$ to ! h\se ,i plac$ ^u ! draw+-room table ?is diagram4 ,illu/ration3 ,phases & ,rotation ( ! ,moon4 ,z ,i spread x out1 my companion1 aft] a regretful glance ?r\gh ! op5 door at ! silv]y lawn1 on :i* ! moon1 hav+ cle>$ ! ob/ruct+ bran*es ( ! bord]+ trees1 0 n[ p\r+ d[n ! full spl5dor ( h] rays1 put h] elb[s on ! table to foll[ my explanation4 8,! globe1 half bright & half black1 9 ! c5t]10 ,i said1 8repres5ts ! e>?4 ,! l>ge circle surr\nd+ ! e>? we w call ! moon's orbit1 :i* %e trav]ses once e mon?4 ,! small] globe1 also half :ite & half black1 %[n 9 f\r successive positions 9 ! orbit1 is ! moon4 ,suppose ! sun to be away (f "h on ! left4 ,x illum9ates ! e>? & ! moon only on ! side turn$ t[>d x4 ,! opposite side ( bo? is buri$ 9 night4 ,n[1 let u beg9 ) ! moon at ! po9t ,a4 ,%e is !n betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun1 ! bright side be+ necess>ily t[>d ! sun & ! d>k side t[>d ! e>?4 ,9 t position we d n see ! moon at all f ! e>?1 unless %e happ5s to come s exactly 9 a l9e ) ! sun z to cov] ! latt]1 9 :i* ev5t we h an eclipse ( ! sun4 ,n[1 suppose ! moon to move 9 h] orbit t[>d ,b4 ,9 a little m ?an sev5 days %e w arrive at ,b4 ,9 ! meantime1 :ile mov+ away f ! position ( ! sun1 %e beg9s to pres5t a "p ( h] illum9at$ hemisph]e t[>d ! e>?4 ,?is "p appe>s 9 ! =m ( a sickle1 or cresc5t1 :i* gr[s gradually broad]1 until1 at ,b1 x has gr[n to a half circle4 ,9 o!r words1 :5 ! moon is 9 ! position ,b we on ! e>? see "o half ( h] illum9at$ surface4 ,?is phase is call$ ,fir/ ,qu>t]4 ,! n>r[ cresc5t1 :i* appe>s z soon z ! moon beg9s to move f ,a t[>d ,b1 is ! ,new ,moon4 ,z ! moon cont9ues on f ,b t[>d ,c1 m & m ( h] illum9at$ half is visible f ! e>?1 & :5 %e arrives at ,c1 j opposite to ! position ( ! sun1 %e becomes a ,full ,moon4 ,we !n see1 z occurs to-night1 ! :ole ( t face ( ! moon :i* is pres5t$ sunw>d4 ,! upp] half ( ! diagram %[s h[ ! moon moves f ! position ( ,full ,moon back aga9 to ,new ,moon1 or conjunction ) ! sun4 ,dur+ ?is latt] "p ( h] c\rse ! moon rises lat] & lat] e night1 until1 :5 %e assumes ! =m ( a wan+ cresc5t1 %e is visible only 9 ! morn+ sky j be=e sunrise4#a 8,n[1 !re is ano!r int]e/+ ?+ %[n by ?is diagram10 ,i cont9u$--b my companion1 :o _h foll[$ my explanations ?us f> ) flatt]+ att5tion1 "h sudd5ly ran to ! door exclaim+3 8,= m]cy's sake1 :at is happ5+ to ! moon80 ,footnote #a3 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,moon's ,pa? ) ,respect to ! ,sun & ! ,e>?4 ,x may be well to add to :at is said 9 ! text ab\t ! orbit ( ! moon1 t1 :ile ! moon does p]=m a revolution ar\nd ! e>? once a mon?1 yet h] orbit is drawn out1 by ! common motion ( bo? e>? & moon ar\nd ! sun1 into a long curve1 ^: radius is cont9ually *ang+1 b :i* is always concave t[>d ! sun4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ! accompany+ diagram4 ,suppose we />t ) ! e>? at ,a4 ,! moon is !n betwe5 ! sun & ! e>?1 or 9 ! phase ( ,new ,moon4 ,! e>?'s orbit at ?is po9t is m curv$ ?an ! moon's1 & ! e>? is mov+ relatively fa/] ?an ! moon4 ,at ,b 7,fir/ ,qu>t]7 ! e>? is directly ahead ( ! moon4 ,b n[ ! moon's orbit becomes m curv$ ?an ! e>?'s & x beg9s to ov]take ! e>?4 ,at ,c 7,full ,moon7 ! moon has come up ev5 ) ! e>?1 b on ! opposite side f ! sun4 ,f t po9t to ,d 7,la/ ,qu>t]7 ! moon ga9s ^u ! e>? until %e is directly ahead ( x4 ,!n1 f ,d to ,e 7,new ,moon1 once m7 ! e>? ga9s until ! two bodies are 9 ! same relative positions :i* !y occupi$ at ,a4 ,?r\gh\t ! entire lunation1 h[ev]1 not)/&+ ! *anges :i* ! %ape ( ! moon's orbit und]goes1 ! latt] is con/antly concave t[>d ! sun4 ,?is %[s t ! sun's attraction is really ! gov]n+ =ce1 & t ! attraction ( ! e>? simply s]ves to v>y ! =m ( ! moon's pa?1 & cause x to move 9 a virtual ellipse ) ! e>? = its focus4 ,i glanc$ ov] h] %\ld]1 & saw a smudgy scallop 9 ! moon's edge4 8,really10 ,i said1 8,i am a%am$ ( myself4 ,!re is an eclipse ( ! moon to-night1 & ,i _h positively =gott5 x6 ,:at y see is ! %ad[ ( ! e>?1 :i* has ! =m ( a long cone /ret*+ away m ?an eight hundr$ ?\s& miles into space1 & :5ev] our satellite at ! "t ( ,full ,moon gets ne>ly 9 a direct l9e ) ! e>? & ! sun1 x passes ?r\gh t %ad[ & und]goes an eclipse4 ,t is :at is happ5+ at ! pres5t mom5t40 8,& ! %ad[ has a r\nd =m because ! e>? is r\nd1 ,i suppose40 8,c]ta9ly2 ! %ad[ ( a globe mu/ h a circul> outl9e4 ,b ! %ad[ ( ! e>?1 al?\gh x f9ally dim9i%es to a po9t1 is1 at ! moon's di/ance1 /ill ab\t #e1gjj miles 9 diamet]1 or m ?an two & a half times ! diamet] ( ! moon4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! motion ( ! e>? 9 its orbit ar\nd ! sun1 its %ad[ con/antly moves ea/w>d1 l a great p5cil ( d>kness sweep+ /raight across ! heav5s1 b invisible to u except :5 ! moon1 travel+ ea/w>d fa/] ?an ! %ad[1 ov]takes & passes ?r\gh x4 ,?is does n by any means happ5 at e full moon1 because1 = a reason :i* ,i %all expla9 pres5tly1 ! moon usually passes ei!r above or bel[ ! %ad[ ( ! e>?1 & ?us escapes an eclipse4 ,:5 an eclipse does occur x la/s a long "t because ! %ad[ is mov+ 9 ! same direction z ! moon4 ,! moon mu/ pass entirely ?r\gh x be=e ! eclipse ends4 ,on ?is occasion ! moon w be 9 ! %ad[ m ?an ?ree h\rs1 & dur+ an h\r & a half %e w be totally imm]s$4 ,we %all h pl5ty ( "t1 !n1 to obs]ve ! ph5om5on1 & aft] y h satisfi$ y\r curiosity a little by wat*+ ! sl[ advance ( ! %ad[ movem5t across ! moon1 we c return to our diagram & f9i% its explanation be=e ! eclipse becomes total40 ,accord+ly1 aft] hav+ wat*$ ! progress ( ! eclipse = half an h\r1 dur+ :i* "t ! %ad[ began p]ceptibly to dim9i% ! moonlight 9 ! p>k1 we return$ to ! lamplight & ! diagram on ! table4 8,i 0 say+10 ,i resum$1 8t ano!r int]e/+ ?+ 9 addition to ! cause ( ! moon's *ang+ phases is repres5t$ "h4 ,y obs]ve t a little cross /&s on ea* ( ! f\r circles repres5t+ ! moon1 & t1 9 e case1 ! cross is 9 ! c5t] ( t side ( ! moon :i* faces ! e>?4 ,9 fact ! position ( ! cross ^u ! moon is fix$ & inv>iable1 & x always po9ts t[>d ! e>? because ! moon makes exactly "o rotation on h] axis 9 ! c\rse ( "o revolution ar\nd h] orbit1 or1 z x is (t5 call$1 "o lunation4 ,we "k t ?is is s because we always see ! same features ( ! lun> surface1 no matt] :]e ! moon may be situat$4 ,?is is true al?\gh1 9 consequ5ce ( ! phases1 we _c see ! :ole face ( ! moon except :5 %e is full4 ,b :e!r x is ! ,new ,moon1 or ,fir/ ,qu>t]1 or ,full ,moon1 or ,la/ ,qu>t]1 or ,old ,moon1 t we look at1 ! m\nta9s & pla9s visible are id5tically ! same4 ,if ! moon did n turn once on h] axis 9 go+ once ar\nd ! e>? we w\ld see all ( h] sides 9 succession1 al?\gh only at ,full ,moon c\ld we see an entire hemisph]e illum9at$ by ! sun4 ,at ,old & ,new ,moon ! side pres5t$ to ! e>? w\ld be j ! opposite to t pres5t$ at ,full ,moon4 ,at ,la/ ,qu>t] ! side fac+ ! e>? w\ld be ! opposite to t fac+ ! e>? at ,fir/ ,qu>t]40 8,b1 tell me10 said my fri5d1 8h[ did ! moon ev] come to s humiliat+ a pass t %e mu/ be =ev] turn+ on h] heel to face ! e>?80 8,t10 ,i repli$1 8is a result ( ! same =ces :i* orig9ally sep>at$ h] f ! e>? & gradually pu%$ h] (f to h] pres5t di/ance4 ,9 a ^w x is due to #8tidal friction4' ,be=e ! moon _h solidifi$1 ! attraction ( ! e>? rais$ huge tides 9 h] molt5 mass4 ,^! tides act$ on ! rotat+ moon l brakes on a :eel1 & at l5g? !y sl[$ d[n h] rotation until its p]iod became id5tical ) t ( h] revolution ar\nd ! e>?4 ,= ! ma!matical calculations on :i* all ?is is bas$ y mu/ g to ,pr(essor ,d>w9's book on #8,! ,tides1' or "s simil> te*nical treatise2 b ,i imag9e y w nev] d t40 8,n j at pres5t1 ,i assure y4 ,i d n "k :at unexpect$ ambition = ! acquirem5t ( sci5tific k may arise aft] ,i h se5 ^? wond]s t y h promis$ to %[ me 9 ! moon1 b1 = ! mom5t1 ,i am cont5t to accept y\r /atem5t ( ! simple fact40 8,good60 ,i repli$4 8,& n[1 p]haps1 y w h ! pati5ce to li/5 to an explanation ( a v important relation :i* exi/s betwe5 ! moon & ! e>?4 ,we are l$ to x by :at ,i h j said conc]n+ tides4 ,y "k1 ( c\rse t ! tides 9 ! oceans are due pr9cipally to ! attraction ( ! moon4 ,! sun also raises tides 9 ! seas1 b ! moon1 be+ s mu* ne>] ?an ! sun1 is ! *ief ag5t 9 produc+ !m4 ,sometimes ! moon & ! sun act toge!r2 at o!r times !y pull 9 diff]5t directions4 ,at ,full ,moon & at ,new ,moon !y pull toge!r1 because !n !y are ei!r on opposite sides ( ! e>?1 or bo? on ! same side4 ,at su* times we h ! highe/ tides 9 all our seaports4 ,t occurs ab\t once e =tnight4 ,b :5 ! moon is at ei!r ,fir/ or ,la/ ,qu>t]1 z y w p]ceive by look+ at ! diagram1 h] position1 z se5 f ! e>?1 is at a "r angle ) a l9e drawn to ! sun4 ,!n ! sun raises tides 9 "o direction & ! moon 9 ano!r direction4 ,! result is t at su* p]iods ! tides are l[e/4 ,an exact k ( ^! ?+s is v important = m>9]s because !re are h>bors ^: *annels c be navigat$ by l>ge %ips only :5 ! tides are high4 ,tables pr$ict+ ! times & heights ( ! tides h be5 prep>$ = all ! pr9cipal seaports ( ! _w4 ,9 tru?1 ! moon r5d]s important s]vices to ! inhabitants ( ! e>?1 n m]ely 9 supply+ !m ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( light 9 ! abs5ce ( ! sun1 b also 9 enabl+ !m to navigate wat]s :i* are too %all[ = %ips except :5 deep5$ by ! tide4 ,! tides also1 9 _m cases1 s]ve to sc\r out *annels & keep !m op540 8,really1 ,i am q int]e/$1 & ! m s because ,i f9d ! moon1 l a dutiful daught]1 try+ to be ( "s use to h] "m4 ,b h ,i n he>d t ! tides occur on bo? sides ( ! e>? at once1 & n simply on ! side :]e ! moon happ5s to be at ! "t8 ,please tell me h[ t c be s80 8,a complete reply to y\r "q w\ld c>ry u into ! realm ( ma!matical physics1 b p]haps ,i c ?r[ a little light ^u ! matt] ) ! aid ( ?is second diagram4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,moon & ! ,tides4 8,! eclipse is n yet total10 ,i cont9u$1 glanc+ out ( ! door1 8& we c f9i% our explanation be=e x becomes s4 ,h ! k9dness1 !n1 to look at ! diagram4 ,suppose ,e to be ! c5t] ( ! e>?1 & ,m ! c5t] ( ! moon4 ,! protub]ant portions ( ! e>? ,c ,a ,d & ,d ,b ,c repres5t ! wat]s ( ! ocean pull$ away f ! surface ( ! e>?1 if ,i may s describe x1 by ! moon's attraction4 ,y are probably aw>e t ! attraction ( gravitation v>ies ) ! di/ance ( ! attract+ body4 ,! di/ance f ! c5t] ( ! e>? to ! c5t] ( ! moon is ab\t #bci1jjj miles4 ,b ! e>? be+ ne>ly #h1jjj miles 9 diamet]1 ! surface ( ! ocean at ,a is ab\t #d1jjj miles ne>] to ! moon ?an is ! c5t] ( ! e>? ,e4 ,x foll[s t ! =ce ( ! moon's attraction is great] at ,a ?an at ,e4 ,if ! wat] ( ! ocean 7 a fix$1 solid "p ( ! e>? !re w\ld be no p]ceptible effect result+ f ?is diff]5ce 9 ! am\nt ( ! moon's attraction4 ,b s9ce ! wat] is free to move1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 x yields to ! attraction1 & is drawn up a little t[>d ! moon4 ,at ! same "t x is1 9 effect1 drawn away f ,c & ,d4 ,! consequ5ce is ! production ( a tide on ! side fac+ ! moon4 8,n[1 = ! o!r tide1 produc$ at ! same "t on t side ( ! e>? :i* is turn$ away f ! moon4 ,! po9t ,b is ab\t #d1jjj miles f>!r f ! moon ?an ,e2 consequ5tly ! moon's attractive =ce is less at ,b ?an at ,e4 ,f ?is x results t ! body ( ! e>? is m =cibly attract$ by ! moon ?an is ! wat] at ,b4 ,! e>? !re=e t5ds to move away f ! wat] at t po9t1 & ano!r tidal protub]ance is produc$1 ) its highe/ "p at ,b4 ,i %\ld add t :ile ! wat] ( ! ocean is1 to a c]ta9 degree1 free to respond to ^! diff]5ces ( attraction1 ! e>? itself1 be+ solid1 c only move z a s+le body1 &1 ma!matically1 we may reg>d x z if its entire mass 7 conc5trat$ at ! c5t] ,e4 ,please rememb]1 h[ev]1 t ?is explanation is only elem5t>y1 only int5d$ z a graphic repres5tation ( ! tides1 & n z a ma!matical demon/ration ( ! way !y are produc$4 ,su* a demon/ration w\ld only be suit$ to "o ( ! te*nical books t y h n f\nd z int]e/+ z--"s o!r bran*es ( lit]ature4 8,!re is j "o o!r ?+ to :i* ,i mu/ ask y\r att5tion1 & !n we %all return to ! moon h]self & ! ph5om5a ( ! eclipse n[ 9 progress4 ,y w notice 9 ! diagram1 t two arr[s %[ ! direction 9 :i* ! e>? is cont9ually rotat+ on its axis1 & t a dott$ curve1 t]m9at+ ) an arr[ po9t1 indicates ! c\rse ( ! moon 9 h] orbit surr\nd+ ! e>?4 ,! rotation ( ! e>? is s mu* m rapid ?an ! motion ( ! moon t ! po9ts ,a & ,b are c>ri$ out ( ! l9e drawn f ! c5t] ( ! moon to ! c5t] ( ! e>?1 9 ! direction ( ! arr[s4 ,f ?is x foll[s t ! tides are nev] directly "u ! moon1 or exactly opposite to h]1 b sweep 9 great waves r\nd ! globe4 ,! tides produc$ by ! attraction ( ! sun are only ab\t two fif?s z high z ^? caus$ by ! moon4 ,z ,i h already expla9$ !y are sometimes sup]pos$ ^u ! lun> tides--at ,new & at ,full ,moon--& sometimes !y are situat$ at "r angles to ! lun> tides--at ,fir/ & ,la/ ,qu>t]s40 8,b ! eclipse60 int]rupt$ my fri5d1 ^: att5tion _h evid5tly begun to w&]4 8,i ?9k ! totality ( :i* y spoke mu/ be at h&1 = notice h[ d>k ! p>k has become1 & ! fireflies are s brilliant "u ! trees40 ,! total phase ( ! eclipse 01 inde$1 beg9n+1 & we /epp$ out on ! lawn be=e ! door to wat* x4 ,! moon _h n[ pass$ entirely )9 ! e>?'s %ad[1 b al?\gh h] light 0 almo/ completely obscur$ z f> z its p[] to illum9ate ! l&scape 0 conc]n$1 /ill ! face ( ! moon 0 dimly visible1 z if conceal$ beh9d a ?ick veil4 ,c]ta9 p>ts ( x _h a copp]y color1 produc+ a v weird effect4 8,de> me60 exclaim$ my companion1 8,i did n ?9k x w\ld look l t6 ,i navely suppos$ t "o c\ld n see ! eclips$ moon at all1 b t %e ei!r disappe>$ or 0 turn$ into a k9d ( black circle 9 ! heav5s4 ,& :at a /range color %e has6 ,positively x fills me ) awe40 8,x is v r>e10 ,i said1 8= ! moon to become invisible dur+ an eclipse4 ,t c only occur :5 ! e>? is envelop$ 9 cl\ds40 8,inde$1 & :at h ! cl\ds to d ) x8 ,if ! solid body ( ! e>? _c ca/ a %ad[ d5se en\gh to hide ! moon1 ,i %\ld n expect ?+s s evanesc5t z cl\ds to be m effective40 8,x is all ow+ to ! e>?'s atmosph]e10 ,i repli$4 8,if our globe 7 n surr\nd$ ) a %ell ( air ! moon w\ld always be totally invisible :5 eclips$4 ,b ! atmosph]e acts l a l5s ( glass inclos+ ! e>?2 t is to say1 x refracts1 or b5ds ! rays ( sunlight ar\nd ! edge ( ! e>? on all sides1 & ?r[s a portion ( !m ev5 into ! middle ( ! %ad[1 at ! moon's di/ance4 ,x is ^! refract$ rays :i* cause ! s+ul> illum9ation t y p]ceive on ! moon4 ,b :51 z occurs only occasionally1 all t "p ( ! atmosph]e :i* surr\nds ! e>? along ! edge visible f ! moon is fill$ ) cl\ds1 ! air c no long] transmit ! refract$ rays1 & !n1 no light be+ s5t into ! %ad[1 a #8d>k eclipse1' z a/ronom]s call x1 results4 ,an eclipse ( ! sun is a v diff]5t ?+4 ,t is caus$ n by a %ad[ b by ! opaque globe ( ! moon pass+ betwe5 ! e>? & ! sol> orb4 ,:5 ?is occurs ! sun is completely hidd5 beh9d ! moon1 & only its corona1 :i* projects beyond ! moon on all sides1 is visible40 8,inde$6 ,i suppos$ t all eclipses 7 v mu* ! same ?+40 8,by no means4 ,an eclipse ( ! sun is an ev5t ( extreme importance to a/ronom]s1 :ile an eclipse ( ! moon possesses comp>atively little sci5tific int]e/40 8,i d n see :y t %\ld be s40 8,x is s1 = ! reason t :5 ! sun is eclips$1 z ,i h j told y1 ! sol> corona1 :i* _c be se5 at any o!r "t ow+ to ! ov]p[]+ brilliance ( ! sol> orb1 becomes pla9ly visible1 & by /udy+ ! =m & o!r p>ticul>s ( ! corona a/ronom]s are able to draw mo/ important conclusions conc]n+ ! con/itution ( ! sun1 ! me*anism ( its radiation1 & its effects ^u ! e>?4 ,dur+ an eclipse ( ! moon1 on ! o!r h&1 practically no?+ new is reveal$1 &1 accord+ly1 a/ronom]s pay comp>atively little att5tion to su* ph5om5a4 ,lun> eclipses1 h[ev]1 possess a c]ta9 importance1 because by pr$ict+ ! times ( _! occurr5ce & !n comp>+ ! pr$ictions ) ! ev5ts1 some?+ is le>n$ ab\t ! motions ( ! moon4 ,i %\ld add t rec5tly eclipses ( ! moon h be5 c>efully wat*$ by a few a/ronom]s1 notably by ,pr(4 ,william ,h4 ,pick]+1 because ( peculi> effects :i* seem to be produc$ at c]ta9 po9ts on ! moon by ! *ill :i* ! %ad[ ca/s ^u h] surface4 ,!re are also int]e/+ obs]vations to be made conc]n+ ! reflection ( heat f ! moon dur+ an eclipse4 ,b1 ^u ! :ole1 a lun> eclipse is ma9ly int]e/+ z a curi\s spectacle1 & z a te/ ( ! correctness ( a/ronomical calculations ( ! motions ( ! heav5ly bodies4 8,i may add1 h[ev]1 t eclipses ( ! moon h be5 ( "s use to hi/orians 9 fix+ ! dates ( important occurr5ces ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,?is is possible because a/ronom]s c by calculation asc]ta9 ! times ( eclipses 9 ! pa/ z well z 9 ! future4 ,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ ( all in/ances ( ?is k9d is t :i* relates to ! date ( ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,?is has be5 fix$ by means ( an eclipse ( ! moon m5tion$ by ! anci5ts z hav+ happ5$ ! night be=e ! dea? ( ,h]od1 k+ ( ! ,jews40 8,x seems to me10 said my fri5d1 8t ! fa9t light on ! moon's face is cont9ually *ang+4 ,x does n appe> con/antly to h ! same t9t4 ,:ile we h be5 /&+ "h1 ,i h notic$ t "s p>ts h gr[n d>k] & o!rs light]1 & t ! r$ color on ! "r has become a little m int5se40 8,yes1 & t1 too1 is no d\bt caus$ by ! e>?'s atmosph]e4 ,:ile ! eclipse la/s1 ! e>? is rapidly rotat+1 & consequ5tly new p>ts ( ! atmosph]e are cont9ually br\ght to ! edge :]e _! refractive effects come into play4 ,if ! atmosph]e at ! edge ( ! e>? is a little m or a little less d5se its refraction v>ies proportionally4 ,!n1 *anges 9 ! relative cle>ness or cl\d9ess ( ! air are tak+ place all ! "t1 & ^! are reflect$ 9 ! illum9ation on ! moon40 8,x seems to me1 !n1 t ! e>? w\ld pres5t a v rem>kable spectacle if we 7 n[ on ! moon look+ at x40 8,surely x w\ld4 ,se5 f ! moon ! e>? appe>s sev]al times l>g] ?an ! sun4 ,= ! p ( ! moon1 if we imag9e !m to exi/1 an eclipse ( ! sun is n[ 9 progress4 ,= !m ! e>? n[ occupies ! same relative position :i* ! moon occupies = u j be=e x appe>s 9 ! we/ z ,new ,moon4 ,!y _c see x except 9 silh\ette z x passes ov] ! sun4 ,m ?an an h\r ago1 if !y 7 wat*+ 7& if !y exi/1 & are intellig5t be+s we may be sure t !y 7 on ! al]t71 !y sudd5ly p]ceiv$ a black r\nd-edg$ not* 9 ! side ( ! sun4 ,in/ead ( be+ m or less cl\dlike & indef9ite 9 outl9e1 l ! %ad[ ( ! e>? on ! moon1 ?is not* appe>$ to !m p]fectly black & smoo?4 ,at a glance1 !y saw t ! body produc+ x 0 mu* l>g] ?an ! sun4 ,z ! sun's disk 0 gradually hidd5 beh9d ! e>? ! %ad[ ( ! latt] fell ov] !m1 until ! sun 0 :olly conceal$4 ,!n--& ?is is true at ! pres5t mom5t--!y p]ceiv$ t ! huge disk ( ! e>? 0 r+$ ) light1 probably ( a r$di% t+e4 ,?is light1 z ,i h already indicat$1 is t :i* ! atmosph]e refracts ar\nd ! edge ( ! e>?40 8,x mu/ be truly a magnific5t sight10 said my companion4 8,yes1 & x is d\btless r5d]$ f> m magnific5t by ! o!r ph5om5a :i* our p at ! moon h be=e _! eyes4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! virtual abs5ce ( air !re1 an obs]v] on ! moon w\ld see all ! />s1 ev5 9 full daylight1 blaz+ 9 a jet black sky4 ,! brilliance ( ! />s & ( ! ,milky ,way w\ld h>dly be increas$ by ! hid+ ( ! sun1 b probably ! long silv]y /ream]s ( ! sol> corona w\ld gl[ p]ceptibly bright] :5 se5 project+ out on ea* side ( ! enorm\s disk ( ! e>?40 8,b is x true t ! moon has no air80 8,v1 v little1 & :at little %e has is probably diff]5t 9 composition f our atmosph]e4 ,"s obs]vations seem to indicate t !re is a v r>e atmosph]e on ! moon1 b to u x w\ld seem a p]fect vacuum4 ,we c\ld n brea! !re at all40 8,h[ !n d ^? intellig5t inhabitants1 :om y h pictur$ = me wat*+ ! e>? at ?is mom5t1 manage to survive80 8,ah1 ,i did n say t !re actually are inhabitants 9 ! moon4 ,i only imag9$ !m to exi/ = ! sake ( %[+ h[ ?is eclipse w\ld appe> se5 f ! moon4 ,/ill1 we _c be absolutely sure t !re are no inhabitants on ! moon4 ,ev5 )\t air l ours x is conceivable t be+s ( "s k9d1 & intellig5t be+s1 too1 might exi/ !re4 ,h[ev]1 a/ronom]s h nev] yet be5 able to discov] evid5ce ( _! pres5ce4 ,lately1 indications h be5 f\nd ( ! probable exi/5ce ( vegetation on ! moon1 b ,i %all speak ( t lat]1 :5 ) ! aid ( ! s]ies ( lun> pictures made at ! ,y]kes obs]vatory we try to make a #8photographic j\rney' 9 ! moon40 8,b tell me1 has ! moon always be5 s airless80 8,t is ano!r unsettl$ "q4 ,"s a/ronom]s h ?\ght t =m]ly1 ages ago1 ! moon possess$ a mu* m d5se atmosph]e ?an %e has at pres5t4 ,hav+ sep>at$ f ! e>?1 9 ! way ,i h describ$1 x is natural to suppose t at fir/ %e may h _h an atmosph]e v l ours4 ,! explanation ( its disappe>ance :i* 0 once g5]ally accept$ 0 t x _h be5 absorb$ into ! lun> rocks1 z ! globe ( ! moon cool$ (f4 ,b rec5t progress 9 our k ( ! nature ( ! gases compos+ ! atmosph]e has l$ to a diff]5t explanation4 ,?is assumes t ne>ly all ( ! moon's atmosph]e has fl[n away f h] because ! lun> globe does n possess suffici5t gravitat+ =ce or attraction to reta9 x4 ,if ! mass ( ! e>? 7 no great] ?an t ( ! moon1 our atmosph]e also w\ld probably h escap$ by fly+ (f into space40 8,b h[1 & :y1 d ^! gases fly away80 8,!y d x by virtue ( :at physici/s call _! molecul> velocity4 ,a gas1 ( :atev] k9d1 is a mass ( molecules :i* are 9 cont9ual vibration1 mov+ 9 all directions among "o ano!r ) v great velocities4 ,^! velocities h be5 measur$1 & x has be5 f\nd t ! molecules ( nitrog51 "o ( ! compon5ts ( ! air1 move at ! rate ( two miles 9 a second4 ,! velocity ( ! molecules ( oxyg5 is a little less2 t ( ! molecules ( hydrog5 is v great1 ne>ly sev5 & a half miles 9 a second6 ,n[1 x is also kn[n t ! attraction ( ! e>? is suffici5t to reta9 p]man5tly ^u its surface all mov+ p>ticles or molecules :i* h a velocity less ?an sev5 miles 9 a second1 :ile ! attraction ( ! moon only suffices to reta9 ^? ^: velocities fall "u a mile & a half 9 a second4 ,s y p]ceive t all ( ! gases ,i h nam$ w\ld soon escape f ! moon1 ev5 if !y 7 pres5t ^u x at ! beg9n+ ( its hi/ory4 8,i mu/ also rem9d y t !re is no wat] ^u ! moon1 at lea/ n 9 ! =m ( riv]s1 oceans1 lakes1 ponds1 or ev5 ( cl\ds4 ,b ,pr(essor ,pick]+ has rec5tly not$ c]ta9 appe>ances :i* may be due to ! =mation ( a k9d ( ho> fro/4 ,if !re 7 once oceans ^u ! moon1 z ! great pla9s1 call$ m>ia1 or seas1 9 ! lun> *>ts1 seem to indicate1 !y1 too1 h escap$ by evaporation4 ,! velocity ( ! molecules ( wat] vapor is two & a half miles p] second1 a mile great] ?an ! #8critical velocity' :i* ! attraction ( ! moon w\ld be able to control40 8,b10 int]rupt$ my companion1 8,i am puzzl$ to und]/& h[ y "k s mu* ab\t ! p[] ( ! moon to hold ?+s40 8,x is really q simple10 ,i repli$4 8,! attraction ( gravitation1 :i* is a prop]ty belong+ to all kn[n bodies1 is measur$ by ! mass1 or am\nt ( matt]1 9 a body4 ,x also v>ies ) ! di/ance betwe5 ! attract+ & attract$ bodies4 ,we "k1 by means :i* ,i %all n attempt to describe "h1 ! mass bo? ( ! e>? & ( ! moon4 ,we also "k ! size ( bo? ( ^! bodies4 ,!y attract objects z if _! entire masses 7 conc5trat$ at _! c5t]s4 ,a body ( a c]ta9 k9d & size at ! surface ( ! e>? weighs j "o p\nd4 ,if ! e>? 7 r$uc$ to half its actual diamet]1 :ile reta9+ ! same mass or am\nt ( matt]1 m closely pack$ toge!r1 ! body :i* n[ weighs "o p\nd w\ld !n weigh f\r p\nds1 because x w\ld be twice z ne> to ! c5t] ( ! e>? z be=e1 & ! attraction ( gravitation v>ies accord+ to ! squ>e ( ! di/ance f ! c5t]4 ,z ! di/ance dim9i%es ! =ce increases4 ,! squ>e ( two is f\r1 !re=e ! body w\ld be attract$ ) f\r times ! =ce :i* x exp]i5ces at pres5t4 ,n[1 ! moon is n only mu* small] ?an ! e>?1 b its av]age d5sity1 or ! clos5ess ) :i* ! molecules ( its rocks are pack$ toge!r1 is less4 ,x results f ^! facts t ! ratio ( ! entire mass ( ! moon is to t ( ! e>? z "o to eighty-"o4 ,h5ce ! inh]5t p[] ( ! moon to attract bodies is less ?an "o-eightie? z great z ! e>?'s4 ,if ! diamet] ( ! moon 7 ! same z t ( ! e>?1 a body weigh+ "o p\nd on ! e>? w\ld weigh only "o eighty-one? "p ( a p\nd on ! moon4 ,b ! diamet] ( ! moon is less ?an "o qu>t] z great z t ( ! e>?4 ,x foll[s t bodies on ! moon are almo/ f\r times 7m accurately ab\t #c4ff times7 ne>] to ! c5t] ( attraction4 ,?is fact mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt 9 calculat+ ! =ce ( gravity on ! moon's surface4 ,z f> z ! mass ( ! moon is conc]n$1 bodies on h] surface exp]i5ce less ?an "o-eightie? ( ! attractive =ce :i* ! e>? ex]cises ^u bodies on its surface1 b ?is is s f> c\nt]balanc$ by _! great] ne>ness to ! c5t]1 t ! actual attraction ^u !m is ab\t "o six? ( t :i* !y w\ld exp]i5ce on ! e>?40 8,?ank y10 said my companion dryly1 8y\r explanation appe>s to me to be v sci5tific40 8,n by any means z sci5tific z x might be1 or z x ought to be10 ,i repli$1 laugh+4 8,b1 really1 if y wi% to und]/& ^! ?+s y %\ld n be too mu* afraid ( ! bugbe> #8sci5ce4' ,sci5ce makes ! _w g n[adays1 & ev]ybody ought to "k a little ab\t x1 j z ev]ybody ) any pret5sions to education a hundr$ ye>s ago _h to le>n m or less ,greek & ,lat94 ,b let me cont9ue a little f>!r4 ,s9ce ! =ce ( attraction on ! moon is only "o six? z great z x is on ! e>?1 ! weight ( all bodies is 9 ! same proportion4 ,p>don me if ,i guess at y\r weight2 x is1 p]haps1 #abj p\nds4 ,v well1 translat$ to ! moon y w\ld weigh only #bj p\nds40 8,de> me1 !n skipp+ ! rope may be ! favorite pa/ime ( middle-ag$ ladies on ! moon40 8,& ?r[+ som]saults t ( gray-hair$ lun> g5tlem54 ,let me tell y ( "o v int]e/+ consequ5ce ( ! small =ce ( ! moon's gravity1 :i* affects n m]ely ! weight ( bodies b ! flight ( projectiles1 &1 inde$1 all motions ( e k9d4 ,y w see1 :5 we come to ! photographs1 t "s ( ! lun> volcanoes are ( a magnitude almo/ incr$ible4 ,?is is d\btless due to ! fact t ! ejections f volcanic crat]s !re 7 able1 ) no great] exp5diture ( explosive =ce1 to atta9 an elevation six times t :i* !y w\ld atta9 if ?r[n f a volcano on ! e>?4 ,dur+ ! eruption ( ,vesuvius 9 ,april1 #aijf1 ! column ( smoke1 /eam1 & c9d]s f its crat] rea*$1 accord+ to ! measures ( ,pr(essor ,matteucci1 a maximum height ( ab\t eight miles4 ,on ! moon ! same =ce w\ld h bl[n ^! ?+s almo/ fifty miles high6 ,x is n difficult1 9 view ( su* facts1 to see h[ ! giant volcanic crat]s & m\nta9 r+s ( ! moon 7 =m$40 ,9 ! meantime ! eclipse cont9u$1 &1 hav+ tir$ ( wat*+ x1 we return$ to ! draw+-room4 8,:5 %all we see ^! fam\s photographs & beg9 our imag9>y j\rney 9 ! moon80 my companion ask$4 8,to-morr[10 ,i repli$4 8,b ,i %all h to dem& "o m brief ex]cise ( y\r pati5ce ?is ev5+1 :ile ,i f9i% ) ?is subject ( eclipses40 8,!n we are n ?r\gh yet80 8,n q1 = ,i h n yet told y :y ! moon is n eclips$ e "t %e approa*es ! e>?'s %ad[1 & :y %e does n eclipse ! sun once e mon? at ! "t ( ,new ,moon40 8,well1 tell me !n1 & ,i promise to be z int]e/$ z possible2 only please don't talk any m ma!matics ?an is absolutely necess>y40 8,v well1 ,i'll sp>e y\r att5tion z mu* z possible4 ,to beg9 ) ! eclipses ( ! moon3 ,! reason :y !y are n ( regul> mon?ly occurr5ce is simply because ! orbit ( ! moon is a little incl9$1 ab\t #e1 to ! orbit ( ! e>?4 ,ev5 !n !re w\ld be an eclipse once e mon? if ! orbit ( ! moon 7 fix$ 9 space1 & if ! po9t :]e t orbit crosses ! plane ( ! e>?'s orbit 7 always directly opposite to ! sun4 ,b in/ead ( be+ fix$ 9 position ! orbit ( ! moon has a curi\s motion ( revolution ( its own4 ,?is causes ! two opposite po9ts1 :]e x crosses ! plane ( ! e>?'s orbit1 & :i* are call$ ! moon's #8nodes1' to move cont9ually onw>d 9 a direction opposite to t 9 :i* ! moon revolves1 b mu* m sl[ly4 ,a p]iod ( ab\t n9ete5 ye>s is requir$ = ! moon's nodes to complete a revolution4 ,! consequ5ce is t ! nodes are n always 9 l9e ) ! e>? & ! sun1 & except :5 !y are ne>ly 9 l9e no eclipse c occur4 ,to ent] into a complete explanation ( ?is w\ld require m #8ma!matics' ?an y w\ld l1 b :at ,i h said may at lea/ s]ve to give y an idea ( ! reason :y eclipses are comp>atively ( r>e occurr5ce40 8,i ?9k ,i und]/& ! reason suffici5tly4 ,b :at a complicat$ affair y a/ronom]s make ( :at1 x seems to me1 %\ld really be a v simple ?+40 8,x is l a sew+ ma*9e10 ,i repli$1 8:i* seems v simple :5 y see x runn+ smoo?ly1 & d n tr\ble y\rself ab\t all ! v>i\s p>ts ( its me*anism4 ,b if y und]take to expla9 to y\rself1 or to make cle> to ano!r p]son1 exactly h[ ! ma*9e works1 y f9d t y\r att5tion is r sev]ely tax$1 & t ! app>5t simplicity is bas$ ^u no little complexity ( con/ruction & int]action ( p>ts4 ,y w h und]/ood f :at ,i h said1 t ! reason :y ! moon does n eclipse ! sun once e mon? is bas$ ^u ! same fact1 namely1 ! incl9ation ( ! moon's orbit to ! plane ( ! orbit ( ! e>?2 & t :5 %e does eclipse ! sun h] nodes mu/ be some:]e ne> a l9e drawn f ! e>? to ! sun4 ,!re is "o broad diff]5ce betwe5 an eclipse ( ! moon & an eclipse ( ! sun :i* ,i h n yet m5tion$4 ,?is arises f ! fact t ! moon be+ s mu* small] ?an ! e>?1 h] %ad[1 :5 %e hides ! sun1 does n cov] ! entire e>?1 z ! e>?'s %ad[ cov]s ! :ole moon1 b comes almo/ to a po9t be=e rea*+ ! e>?4 ,! av]age l5g? ( ! moon's %ad[ is only #bcb1aej miles1 #f1fij miles less ?an ! av]age di/ance betwe5 ! moon & ! e>?4 ,b s9ce1 9 consequ5ce ( ! ecc5tricity ( h] orbit1 ! moon's di/ance is cont9ually v>y+1 ! l5g? ( h] %ad[ also v>ies to ! ext5t ( ab\t #d1jjj miles ea* way4 ,?us x may be z %ort z #bbh1cjj miles1 or z long z #bcf1jej miles4 ,:5 ! greate/ l5g? ( ! moon's %ad[ co9cides ) h] lea/ di/ance f ! e>? 7#bba1fjj miles71 h] %ad[ ext5ds m ?an #ah1jjj miles beyond ! e>?4 ,"u su* circum/ances its diamet] at ! surface ( ! e>? is ab\t #afg miles4 ,t is ! greate/ diamet] t ! %ad[ ( ! moon c h at its int]section ) ! e>?4 ,ord9>ily1 :5 x rea*es ! e>? at all1 its diamet] is less ?an #ajj miles1 & (t5 v mu* less4 ,if ! e>? & ! moon 7 motionless dur+ an eclipse1 h] %ad[ w\ld =m a r\nd1 d>k spot on ! e>?1 & all obs]v]s )9 ! circumf]5ce ( t spot w\ld behold ! sun totally eclips$4 ,b1 9 consequ5ce bo? ( ! motion ( ! moon 9 h] orbit1 & ! rotation ( ! e>? on its axis1 ! %ad[ spot moves swiftly 9 an ea/]ly direction ov] ! e>?'s surface1 =m+ :at is call$ ! pa? ( ! eclipse4 ,! a/ronom] calculates be=eh& across :at p>ts ( ! e>? ! pa? w lie1 & selects 8 po9ts ( obs]vation accord+ly4 8,:5 ! l5g? ( ! %ad[ is too small to rea* ! e>?1 ! moon appe>s project$ aga9/ ! sun z a r\nd black disk1 hid+ ! c5t] ( ! sol> orb1 b leav+ a brilliant r+ all ar\nd4 ,su* ph5om5a are call$ annul> eclipses4 ,!re are ab\t ?ree annul> eclipses = e two total ones4 ,:5 ! moon1 z (t5 occurs1 does n trav]se ! c5t] ( ! sun's disk1 z se5 f any "p ( ! e>?1 a p>tial eclipse is ! result4 ,?is means t only a portion ( ! sun is hidd5 by ! moon4 ,ev5 a total eclipse appe>s z a p>tial "o to obs]v]s :o are n plac$ )9 ! limits ( ! %ad[ pa?40 8,b x seems to me10 said my fri5d1 8y h h$g$ r\nd y\r eclipses ) s _m difficulties1 :at ) ! tip ( ! moon's orbit1 & :at ) ! %ortness ( h] %ad[1 t !y mu/ be v few 9 numb]4 ,yet ,i (t5 he> ( an eclipse1 al?\gh ,i h nev] se5 "o be=e to-night40 8,!y are n s r>e z y might suppose10 ,i repli$4 8,x is n necess>y1 9 ord] t an eclipse1 ei!r p>tial1 or total1 or annul>1 may occur1 t ! moon's nodes be 9 a direct l9e ) ! c5t]s ( ! sun & ! e>?4 ,! moon may be a few degrees out ( l9e1 & yet ei!r pass into ! e>?'s %ad[ or be se5 cross+ ! sun f "o po9t or ano!r on ! e>?4 ,!re are ab\t #gj eclipses 9 e eighte5 ye>s1 #da ( ! sun & #bi ( ! moon1 b ! numb] v>ies a little4 ,g5]ally !re c be no m ?an two eclipses ( ! moon 9 any "o ye>1 b x is possible = ?ree to occur4 ,! greate/ numb] ( sol> eclipses 9 a ye> is five1 b ?is is v r>e1 ! usual numb] be+ two4 ,9 fact1 !re mu/ be at lea/ two sol> eclipses 9 a ye>1 b !re are _m ye>s :i* h no eclipses ( ! moon at all4 ,& n[1 ,i ?9k ,i h said all t is necess>y ab\t eclipses1 & we arrive v opportunely at ! end ( ! disc\rse1 = behold ! moon is pass+ out ( ! %ad[1 & h] light beg9s once m to gl[ 9 ! p>k40 ,?is 0 inde$ ! case4 ,go+ to ! door1 we saw ! e>?'s %ad[ sl[ly )draw+ f ! face ( ! moon1 :ile ! l&scape 0 bright5+ "u h] return+ rays4 ,= a few m9utes we wat*$1 9 sil5ce1 ! brilliant spectacle4 ,!n my companion turn$ to me4 8,w\ld y "k my :ole ?\ght80 %e ask$4 8,i fe> t ,i _c recall _m ( ! sci5tific facts y h j be5 tell+ me1 b = !m ,i c g back1 at ne$1 to ! books4 ,yet "o ?+ ,i feel t ,i h c]ta9ly ga9$4 ,x is a s5se ( fri5dly1 companionable int]e/ 9 ! moon4 ,h5ce=? %e w be m to me ?an %e ev] 0 be=e4 ,i %all always be consci\s1 :5 look+ at h] face1 t %e is ! (fspr+ ( ! e>?1 & t !re exi/s betwe5 ^! two bodies an intimacy t ,i _h nev] imag9$ possible4 ,= me y\r tides & y\r eclipses seem an in>ticulate language1 a c>ess+ ex*ange ( communications betwe5 ^! two cele/ial be+s ( "o blood4 ,to my m9d !y are1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 p]sonalities1 &1 z a creature ( ! e>?1 ,i feel n[ my relation%ip to ! moon40 8,v good10 ,i repli$4 8,all sci5ce & all =ms ( k are root$ 9 ! imag9ation4 ,to-morr[ we %all beg9 ) ! photographs1 & _m mo/ int]e/+ ?+s t ,i h n yet m5tion$ w !n naturally pres5t !mselves be=e u40 8,good night !n10 said my companion1 8& to-morr[ ,i %all c\nt ^u ! delights ( a photographic j\rney 9 ! moon40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,i ,,new ,,moon ,,to ,,fir/ ,,qu>t] ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,i ,,new ,,moon ,,to ,,fir/ ,,qu>t] ,,at breakfa/ ! next morn+ ,i ask$ my fri5d if %e /ill _h suffici5t curiosity conc]n+ ! moon to induce h] to und]take ! contemplat$ j\rney amid lun> sc5es4 8,yes1 surely10 %e repli$4 8,my dreams la/ night 7 fill$ ) wond]ful spectacles2 great cones ( %ad[ flitt$ cont9ually ?r\gh ! heav5s1 eclips+1 9 turn1 moon1 sun1 & />s2 & ,i />$1 z x seem$1 = h\rs at /range faces veil$ beh9d a maze ( ma!matical diagrams cov]+ ! moon4 ,i am n sure t y\r disc\rses h made me sci5tifically mu* wis]1 b ,i feel t my imag9ation is suffici5tly ar\s$ to enable me to enjoy ! photographic excursion t y h propos$1 & ,i am q ready to />t at once40 8,excell5t60 ,i said1 produc+ my portfolio4 8,"h !n are ! photographs :i* ,i tru/ w enable u1 9 imag9ation1 to sp5d an int]e/+ mon? ^u ! moon4 ,^! photographs 7 made at ! ,y]kes obs]vatory & !y repres5t ! moon1 z y w p]ceive1 9 all ( h] pr9cipal phases1 beg9n+ ) ! n>r[ cresc5t ( ! ,new ,moon1 & end+ ) ! simil>1 b rev]s$1 sickle ( ! ,old ,moon40 8,let u take !m out into ! p>k "u ! trees10 my fri5d sugge/$4 ,! %afts ( morn+ sun%9e1 fall+ ?r\gh ! bran*es & illum9at+ ! broad lawns & brilliant fl[]-b$s1 (f]$ ! greate/ possible contra/ ) ! /range sc5es ( ! prec$+ night4 ,we *ose ! %ad[ ( a huge elm1 & _h a table plac$ !re = our accommodation4 ,on ?is ,i spread ! photographs1 & my companion began to exam9e !m ) _m expressions ( int]e/4 8,x is n (t510 ,i said1 8t sci5ce f9ds s flatt]+ an audi5ce40 8,& ,i hope1 surely1 nev] s small a "o10 %e respond$1 laugh+4 8,b y mu/ admit t sci5ce v seldom pres5ts h]self 9 s attractive a =m z t ( ^! pictures40 8,!y are inde$ ( ! highe/ excell5ce10 ,i repli$4 8,x is ! v moon h]self t y see !re40 8,b are y c]ta9 t !y h n be5 embelli%$8 ,has n ! h& ( an arti/ ret\*$ & improv$ !m--p>ticul>ly ^! l>ge ones t seem to conta9 a ?\s& curi\s ?+s :i* ,i c h>dly believe really exi/ on ! moon80 8,no10 ,i said1 8!re is no?+ fictiti\s or imag9>y 9 :at y see4 ,! only art display$ "h is t ( ! a/ronom]-photograph]1 ^: greate/ ambition is to make 8 pictures absolutely true to nature4 ,a defect 9 "o ( 8 plates1 produc+ ! appe>ance ( a speck ( light or %ad[ :i* does n actually exi/1 causes him z mu* di/ress ( m9d z y w\ld exp]i5ce ^u he>+ a false note f y\r piano4 ,inde$1 ! a/ronom] is s desir\s ( hav+ no?+ b ! tru? repres5t$ 9 8 pictures t he (t5 pref]s1 = 8 own /udy1 ! orig9al negatives alone1 because e "t t !y are rev]s$ to make a #8positive' copy some?+ is sure to be lo/1 & "s slight defect is c]ta9 to be introduc$4 ,let u beg91 if y please1 ) ! s]ies ( small] pictures %[+ ! v>i\s phases1 & ! gradual advance ( daylight across ! moon's surface4 ,take fir/ ! photograph :i* ,i h label$ ,no4 #a4 ,x %[s ! ,new ,moon :5 x is betwe5 ?ree & f\r days old4 ,y mu/ (t5 h se5 x 9 t =m 9 ! we/]n sky soon aft] sunset4 ,photographs ( ! ,new ,moon h be5 made :5 ! cresc5t is /ill n>r[] ?an t "h %[n1 b !re is no su* photograph 9 ?is s]ies1 & x w\ld possess little int]e/ = y because almo/ no details ( m\nta9s1 crat]s1 & pla9s w\ld be visible4 ,x is h>dly possible to make a good photograph ( ! moon :5 x is only "o or two days f ! sun 9 its mon?ly j\rney1 on acc\nt bo? ( ! gl>e ( ! sol> light 9 our atmosph]e & ( ! ne>ness ( ! moon to ! horizon1 :]e ! air lacks transp>5cy & /ead9ess4 ,9 ! photograph be=e u y w obs]ve a great numb] ( /range =ms & %ad+s4 ,i %all tell y :at ^! are pres5tly1 b fir/ let me call y\r att5tion to ! fact t ! picture does n exhibit a ph5om5on :i* y w\ld behold if y 7 actually look+ at ! moon 9 ! phase "h repres5t$4 ,y see "h ! ,new ,moon v cle>ly1 b n ! ,old ,moon 9 h] arms40 8,inde$6 ,x is a pity t ! photograph does n %[ s int]e/+ a sight40 8,yes1 x is a pity4 ,! cause lies 9 ! defect ( light f :at ,i h call$ ! #8,old ,moon4' ,! "p t we see 9 ! photograph is illum9at$ ) sun%9e1 :ile ! rema9d] ( ! moon reflects only ! e>?%9e1 :i* is too fa9t to be photograph$ 7at lea/ ) ! am\nt ( exposure requir$ to make a good picture ( ! brightly light$ cresc5t72 al?\gh1 z ,i h said1 y w\ld see x cle>ly if y 7 look+ at ! ,new ,moon h]self40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #a4 ,,febru>y #ai1 #aijd2 ,,moon',s ,,age #c4he ,,days4 8,b10 int]rupt$ my companion1 8d y mean to tell me t ! e>? illum9ates ! moon80 8,surely x does4 ,:y n80 ,i repli$1 smil+4 8,y mu/ rememb] t ! e>? is simply a huge moon to our imag9$ inhabitants ( ! lun> _w4 ,our globe s5ds to ! moon ab\t f\rte5 times z mu* reflect$ sunlight z ! moon s5ds to ! e>?4 ,! consequ5ce is ?an an e>?lit night on ! moon is f> m brilliant ?an a moonlit night on ! e>?40 8,!n :y d we n always see ! moon %9+ ) light f ! e>?80 8,x is a "q ( contra/4 ,y _c see a fa9t light 9 ! imm$iate pres5ce ( an ov]p[]+ly bright] light4 ,! "p ( ! moon t ! sun illum9ates is 9 ! full gl>e ( day1 & ?is is s mu* m brilliant ?an ! reflect$ e>?light t t portion ( ! moon :i* enjoys only ! latt] is n visible to u1 except = a few days aft] ,new ,moon1 :5 ! am\nt ( light f ! cresc5t is n yet great en\gh to dazzle our eyes & hide ! re/ f sight4 ,i %\ld advise y :5 ! next ,new ,moon occurs--y c f9d ! date 9 any almanac--to look at x 9 ! we/]n sky4 ,y w see 9 addition to ! bright cresc5t ! full r\nd orb ( ! moon1 %9+ fa9tly1 ) a dull1 r copp]i%1 t9t1 & y w f9d x int]e/+1 !n1 to rememb] t t light is reflect$ f our e>?4 8,& n[10 ,i cont9u$1 8let u exam9e our photograph m closely4 ,!re is "o rem>k t ,i _h expect$ :i* y h n made2 x conc]ns ! position ( ! cresc5t4 ,y obs]ve t x is b[$ t[>d ! left4 ,if y saw x ) ! nak$ eye 9 ! sky x w\ld be b[$ t[>d ! "r1 or t[>d ! place ( sunset4 ,! reason is t ! photograph pres5ts ! moon z se5 ) a telescope1 :i* rev]ses objects1 turn+ !m top = bottom4 ,9 ?is picture1 & 9 all ! o!rs t we %all exam9e1 ! s\!rn "p ( ! moon is at ! top & ! nor!rn "p at ! bottom1 ! we/]n "p at ! left & ! ea/]n "p at ! "r4 ,! fir/ ?+ t y probably notice 9 ! photograph is a conspicu\s oval pla91 some:at bel[ ! c5t] ( ! cresc5t40 8,yes1 & ,i see cle>ly :y y call x a pla91 = x is p]fectly flat & smoo?40 8,n q s flat & smoo? z y suppose4 ,?is object is "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ on ! moon4 ,x is ! s-call$ ,m>e ,crisium1 or ,sea ( ,crises1 z we may translate ! "n giv5 to x by ! a/ronom]s ( a c\ple ( c5turies ago1 _m ( :om knew m ,lat9 ?an sci5ce4 ,ow+ to its app>5t smoo?ness ( surface1 z well z to its =m & g5]al aspect1 !y took x = a great lake or sea40 8,to tell y ! tru?10 said my fri5d1 8if ,i 7 an a/ronom] & _h discov]$ ?is curi\s place on ! moon1 ,i %\ld c]ta9ly believe j :at y\r ,lat9-lov+ pr$ecessors believ$1 b ,i d\bt if ,i %\ld h be5 capable ( inv5t+ s s+ul> a "n = x40 8,9 ! s+ul>ity ( ! names !y *ose = objects on ! moon10 ,i repli$1 8_! inv5tion is unrival$4 ,we %all see "s rem>kable examples4 ,( c\rse !y are n at all to be blam$ = ?9k+ t ?is oval spot1 & o!r simil> ones ( mu* great] magnitude1 7 seas & oceans4 ,!y simply judg$ by appe>ance & by analogy4 ,f9d+ m\nta9s on ! moon1 !y saw no improbability 9 suppos+ t !re 7 bodies ( wat] also4 ,!y _h n ! means ( kn[+1 z we "k to-day1 t !re is no wat] on ! moon4 ,yet1 p]haps1 !y 7 n s f> wrong aft] all4 ,! ,m>e ,crisium c]ta9ly has ! look ( an empty sea b$1 & ,i %\ld n be will+ to ass]t t ages ago x 0 n fill$ ) wat]40 8,l ! ,great ,salt ,lake1 dri$ up10 sugge/$ my companion4 8,n exactly1 = ! ,great ,salt ,lake dri$ up w\ld probably pres5t a surface z :ite z sn[1 :]eas ! ,m>e ,crisium is v d>k4 ,x mu/ be admitt$1 h[ev]1 t gradually ! :ite deposit w\ld gr[ d>k]1 & !re may be mu* significance 9 ! fact1 :i* "s obs]v]s h notic$1 t1 at times1 p>ts ( ! d>k pla9s on ! moon seem to glitt] ) m9ute po9ts ( light4 ,y\r imag9ation is at lib]ty to see deposits ( salt !re40 8,9 t case10 said my companion1 laugh+1 8,i %\ld pref] to reg>d ! ,m>e ,crisium z resembl+ t wond]ful valley discov]$ by ,s9dbad ! ,sailor1 ^: floor 0 spr9kl$ ) diamonds40 8,well10 ,i repli$1 8sci5ce c]ta9ly _c d5y ! possibility ( diamonds on ! moon1 = %e is p> excell5ce ! _w ( volcanoes1 & "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ discov]ies ( rec5t ye>s is t ( ! intimate association exi/+ betwe5 anci5t volcanic v5ts & deposits ( diamonds4 ,! diamonds ( ,s\? ,africa are f\nd 9 lava rocks t cool$ (f ages ago40 8,!n ,i hope t no future ,columbus w f9d a way to ! moon1 = we %\ld h too _m diamonds1 & !y w\ld lose all _! *>m40 8,t is true1 b suppose t n only diamonds b ev5 m beautiful gems %\ld be discov]$ 9 ! lun> _w8 ,y surely w\ld n object to a transe!real traffic br++ !m to our doors4 ,h[ev]1 !re is n ! slighte/ prospect t we %all ev] be able to g f ! e>? to ! moon4 ,let u resume our exam9ation ( ! photograph1 & conc5trate our att5tion on ! kn[n facts40 ,i !n proce$$ to tell my fri5d1 ^: int]e/ ,i 0 delight$ to f9d _h n yet begun to flag ev5 9 ! face ( comp>atively matt]-(-fact /atem5ts1 t ! ,m>e ,crisium is a pr(\nd depression1 ab\t #cej miles 9 l5g? by #bhj 9 bread?4 ,exactly h[ f> x lies bel[ ! g5]al level ( ! lun> surface we d n "k2 b1 at any rate1 if x 0 ev] fill$ ) wat] x =m$ a deep1 navigable sea4 ,its encircl+ m\nta9s1 :i* appe> g5]ally bright 9 ! photograph1 especially along ! ea/]n bord]1 :]e ! sunlight /rikes directly aga9/ _! slopes1 are 9 _m places /eep & abrupt4 ,at "o place1 on ! s\?we/]n side1 !re is a m\nta9\s promontory #aa1jjj feet 9 height4 ,!re are a numb] ( small crat]s on ! floor ( ! ,m>e ,crisium1 b ! scale ( ?is photograph is n l>ge en\gh to %[ !m cle>ly4 8,y w notice10 ,i cont9u$1 8t !re is a k9d ( bay on ! ea/]n side1 :i* runs back into ! m\nta9s1 & is bord]$ ) high1 /eep cliffs4 ,ne> ?is po9t1 on t "p ( ! moon ov] :i* ! sun has n yet ris51 !re is a v rem>kable m\nta9 :i* we %all see 9 a lat] photograph4 ,b let u f9i% ) ?is "o4 ,look at ! comp>atively small oval adjo9+ ! ,m>e ,crisium bel[ 7t[>d ! nor?74 ,x is "o ( ! great crat] r+s ( ! moon1 & is nam$ ,cleom$es4 ,x is mu* l>g] ?an x looks1 be+ ne>ly #hj miles 9 its greate/ diamet]1 & !re is a peak on its surr\nd+ wall #aj1jjj feet 9 height4 ,/ill f>!r t[>d ! nor? y w obs]ve two or ?ree o!r small] crat]s or r+s1 :i* are v int]e/+ :5 /udi$ ) ! telescope4 8,n[1 please turn y\r att5tion to ! photograph be>+ ! numb] #b4 ,y see aga9 ! ,m>e ,crisium1 & ne>ly 9 ! c5t] ( ! cresc5t1 & j on ! bord] l9e betwe5 day & night1 a p]fect oval r+ ) a c5tral peak4 ,x is call$ ,langr5us4 ,x is ev5 l>g] ?an ,cleom$es1 be+ ab\t #ij miles across4 ,x has ! =m ( an oval1 z we see x1 b t is an effect ( p]spective1 s9ce x is s f> r\nd ! side ( ! lun> globe4 ,9 reality x is a ne>ly circul> circumvallation1 or r an almo/ p]fect hexagon1 compos$ ( gigantic m\nta9s includ+ a valley1 9 ! c5t] ( :i* rises a clu/] ( peaks #c1jjj feet 9 height40 8,?is second photograph10 int]rupt$ my fri5d1 80 tak5 lat] ?an ! fir/1 ,i suppose1 s9ce x %[s m ( ! moon's surface40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #b4 ,,septemb] #bd1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #c4hg ,,days4 8,i %\ld h told y t10 ,i repli$4 8,yes1 x does repres5t ! moon at a "t :5 m ( its surface1 visible to u1 is illum9at$ by ! sun4 ,9 fact1 we may reg>d x z a picture ( ! moon made ab\t a day lat] ?an ! o!r4 ,b ,i mu/ n[ tell y t ^! photographs 7 n all tak5 9 regul> succession1 a day ap>t1 or ev5 two days ap>t4 ,t 0 impracticable = reasons t ,i ne$ n expla94 ,"s ( !m 7 made at "o season ( ! ye> & "s at ano!r4 ,yet tak5 toge!r !y =m a suffici5tly cont9u\s s]ies to enable u1 ) _! aid1 to foll[ ! *ang+ aspects ( ! moon dur+ m ?an ?ree weeks1 or all t "p ( a lunation 9 :i* ! moon is a conspicu\s object 9 ! sky40#b ,footnote #b3 ,9 addition to :at is said 9 ! text conc]n+ ! photographs ! read] %\ld be in=m$ t1 9 consequ5ce ( h] 8librations10 ! moon does n1 all ! "t1 pres5t exactly ! same surface t[>d ! e>?4 ,if %e did we %\ld nev] see m ?an "o half ( h] surface4 ,9 fact1 h[ev]1 at "o "t or ano!r1 we see1 9 all 7b nev] at ! same "t71 ab\t fifty-n9e p] c5t ( h] surface1 leav+ =ty-"o p] c5t :i* is =ev] invisible because nev] turn$ 9 our direction4 ,! librations1 or 8balanc+s10 ( ! moon1 :i* br+ n[ "o & n[ ano!r portion ( ! usually invisible hemisph]e into view1 are ( ?ree k9ds3 ,fir/1 ! libration 9 latitude1 aris+ f ! comb9$ effects ( ! incl9ation ( ! moon's orbit to ! plane ( ! e>?'s orbit1 & ! incl9ation ( h] axis ( rotation to ! plane ( h] own orbit4 ,:5 add$ toge!r ^! two incl9ations make ! axis ( ! moon lean "o way or ! o!r ) respect to ! e>? ab\t #f4 ,b1 s9ce ! incl9ation ( ! moon's orbit to t ( ! e>? is cont9ually v>y+ to a small ext5t1 ! am\nt ( ?is libration is also v>iable4 ,its effect is to cause n[ ! ,nor? & n[ ! ,s\? ,pole ( ! moon to incl9e slightly t[>d ! obs]v] on ! e>?1 s t he c see alt]nately a little way r\nd ! nor!rn & ! s\!rn edges ( ! moon's disk4 ,second1 ! libration 9 longitude1 :i* arises f ! ecc5tricity ( ! moon's orbit1 caus+ h] to move a little fa/] :5 %e is ne>] ! e>?1 or 9 p]igee1 & a little sl[] :5 %e is f>!r f ! e>?1 or 9 apogee4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 %e gets alt]nately ab\t #f ahead (1 or beh9d1 ! position :i* %e w\ld h if h] orbit 7 a p]fect circle & h] motion p]fectly uni=m4 ,b1 inasmu* z h] rotation on h] axis is nev] ei!r fa/] or sl[]1 %e %[s a little ( h] usually invisible hemisph]e on ! we/]n side :5 %e is betwe5 p]igee & apogee1 & a little on ! ea/]n side :5 %e is betwe5 apogee & p]igee4 ,! accompany+ diagram is design$ to aid ! read] 9 und]/&+ ^! effects4 ,illu/ration3 ,effect ( ,moon1 ,v>y+ ,velocity 9 ,orbit ,produc+ ,libration 9 ,longitude4 ,?ird1 ! diurnal libration1 :i* arises f ! fact t ! diamet] ( ! e>? be>s a consid]able proportion to ! di/ance ( ! moon4 ,if ! obs]v] 7 at ! c5t] ( ! e>? !re w\ld be no effect ( ?is k9d1 b be+ situat$ ab\t #d1jjj miles f ! c5t]1 !re is a p>allactic effect 9 consequ5ce ( :i* we see a little ar\nd ! we/]n side ( ! moon :5 %e is ris+ & a little ar\nd ! ea/]n side :5 %e is sett+4 ,! maximum diurnal libration is a little m ?an "o degree4 ,! maximum libration 9 latitude is #f #dd1 & t 9 longitude #g #de4 ,an illu/ration ( ! results ( libration w be f\nd by comp>+ photographs ,nos4 #a & #b4 ,!y 7 bo? tak5 at ne>ly ! same 8age ( ! moon10 ab\t ?ree days1 tw5ty h\rs1 b "u diff]5t librations1 s t 9 ,no4 #b m ( ! we/]n edge ( ! moon is visible1 & ! cresc5t appe>s broad]4 ,ev5 m rem>kable examples ( ! results ( libration are se5 9 ,nos4 #f & #g1 & #h & #i4 ,9 ,no4 #f1 ! moon is actually 8old]0 by ab\t half a day ?an 9 ,no4 #g1 yet1 ow+ to libration1 ! 8t]m9ator10 or l9e betwe5 day & night on ! moon1 is consid]ably f>!r t[>d ! ea/ 9 ! latt] ?an 9 ! =m]4 ,a simil> effect is se5 9 comp>+ ,nos4 #h & #i4 ,! exact dates & ages ( ! moon correspond+ to ^! photographs are giv5 9 ! ,app5dix4 8,if y w foll[ ! curve ( ! t]m9ator t[>d ! s\? 7upw>d 9 ! photograph71 y w p]ceive t !re is a long l9e ( ovals1 m or less resembl+ ,langr5us4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 d>k] 9 appe>ance ?an ,langr5us1 is nam$ ,v5del9us40 8,:at extraord9>y names60 exclaim$ my companion1 8& h[ unpicturesque60 8,yes1 x is true t ! inv5tion ( ! old a/ronom]s :o suppli$ ^! names seems to h fail$ a little at times4 ,!y did exce$+ly well 9 nam+ ! #8seas' & simil> objects1 b = ! m\nta9s1 crat]s1 & r+ pla9s !y c\ld ?9k ( no bett] plan ?an t ( atta*+ to !m _! own names1 & ! names ( o!r savants1 or suppos$ savants ( _! "t1 or ( prec$+ c5turies4 ,& 9 ,lat9iz+ ^! names !y gave !m a k9d ( uni=mity1 :i* is h>dly pleas+ to our ta/e to-day4 ,b let me cont9ue4 ,v5del9us is an extremely beautiful sight :5 ! sunlight /rikes its brok5 walls 9 su* a mann] z to br+ into prom95ce1 by contra/ ) ! deep %ad[s1 ! rugg$ peaks1 precipices1 & ridges ( :i* its v irregul> r+ is compos$4 ,y %\ld see x ) a p[]ful telescope1 especially "u ! rays ( ! sett+ sun4 ,!n ! bottom ( ! valley )9 has be5 describ$ by ,mr4 ,eig]1 an ,engli% /ud5t ( lun> ph5om5a1 z appe>+ punctur$ l a sieve ) holes40 8,& :at are !y80 8,volcanic crat]s1 probably1 long s9ce ext9ct40 8,s _m volcanoes 9 "o place80 8,oh1 yes4 ,y h be5 at ,naples & h se5 ,vesuvius4 ,b probably y h n visit$ ! ,phlgrean ,fields :i* lie nor?we/ ( ,naples4 ,if y _h _h a passion = geology :5 y 7 9 ,italy y w\ld h explor$ t region1 & !re y w\ld h f\nd some?+ n altoge!r unlike ! valley ( ,v5del9us 9 ! moon4 ,!re is a great numb] ( ext9ct volcanic crat]s ne> ,naples1 & !y %[ h[ simil> 9 _m ways ! moon is1 or has be51 to ! e>?40 8,b1 de> me10 my fri5d exclaim$1 8are we go+ to see no?+ b burn$-out crat]s & wild1 ragg$ m\nta9s on ! moon8 ,i am sure t ,i %\ld nev] h ?\ght ( visit+ ,naples = ! sake ( look+ at its ,phlgrean ,fields40 8,/ill10 ,i repli$1 8y mu/ c]ta9ly "k t ,pompeii & ,h]culaneum & ! memories ( _! tragic fate are ! mo/ vivid attraction ( ,naples to-day1 al?\gh ! ,pompeiians h all be5 dead = almo/ #b1jjj ye>s4 ,s 9 look+ at ^! spectacles 9 ! moon we _c b be int]e/$ by ! reflection t !y are rem9d]s & relics ( a wond]ful hi/ory1 :atev] its precise "* may h be54 ,! moon seems to me to /& = ! mo/ affect+ ( all trag$ies--! pass+ ( a _w4 ,:5 ,i survey its extraord9>y l&scapes1 x is l look+ ^u a long-ab&on$ /age1 ^: actors are 9 _! graves1 ^: sc5]y is mold]+ "u a gap+ ro(1 ^: ma*9]y is brok51 ^: v traditions are =gott51 b :i* yet reta9s a semblance ( its =m] brilliance4 ,i d n h to imag9e inhabitants 9 ! moon at ! pres5t day 9 ord] to f9d x int]e/+4 ,! possibility t x may once h _h inhabitants is en\gh1 rememb]+ its ne>ness to ! e>? & ! mann] ( its orig91 to make x ! mo/ fasc9at+ ?+ t ! heav5s conta940 8,inde$1 ,i _h nev] ?\ght ( ! moon q 9 t way10 0 ! reply4 8,if y c read a hi/ory = me 9 ^! crat]s & r+ pla9s ,i believe ,i %all f9d !m m int]e/+ ?an ,i expect$40 8,i _c promise y a hi/ory z full ( romantic details z t ( ,h]odotus10 ,i said1 8b x may conta9 ne>ly z _m actual facts4 ,h[ev]1 we %all see ab\t t z we g along4 ,let u n[ return to ! inspection ( ! photograph4 ,be k9d en\gh to look a little above ,v5del9us4 ,y obs]ve !re ano!r /ill l>g] r+ pla91 or wall$ valley1 ) a conspicu\s m\nta9 9 ! c5t]4 ,?is is ,petavius4 ,x belongs to ! *a9 ( simil> =mations :i* includes ,langr5us & ,v5del9us1 b x is m wond]ful ?an ei!r ( !m4 ,x is ne>ly a hundr$ miles long f nor? to s\?4 ,= "s reason1 z ) ,v5del9us1 its rugg$ness & complexity ( /ructure are m conspicu\s 9 ! lun> aft]noon ?an 9 ! lun> morn+4 ,x is a "q ( ! direction 9 :i* ! light falls across x4 ,a curi\s ?+ ab\t ,petavius is ! convexity ( its va/ floor4 ,! c5t] is ab\t #hjj feet high] ?an ! edges along ! feet ( ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s40 8,h[ d y "k t80 8,! %ad[s tell ! /ory4 ,! height ( objects on ! moon is measur$ by obs]v+ ! l5g? ( _! %ad[s "u a kn[n incl9ation ( ! sun's rays4 ,:5 ,i /& ?is book upright on ! table1 all[+ ! sunlight to /rike x on "o side1 x ca/s a %ad[ on ! table4 ,if ,i did n "k ! height ( ! book1 & c\ld n measure x directly1 ,i c\ld f9d x out by measur+ ! l5g? ( its %ad[1 o!r simple trigonometrical data1 easily asc]ta9$1 be+ kn[n4 ,!re is an enorm\s cleft n cle>ly visible 9 ! photograph1 ext5d+ f ! c5tral m\nta9s ( ,petavius to ! s\?we/]n wall ( ! valley4 ,/ill f>!r s\?1 above ,petavius1 y w notice ano!r conspicu\s oval pla9 & sev]al small] ones ne> x4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! is nam$ ,furn]ius4 ,!y all lay 9 ! morn+ sun%9e1 n f> f ! t]m9ator1 :5 ?is photograph 0 tak540 8,tell me1 please1 ab\t ! #8t]m9ator' ( :i* y h spok5 sev]al times4 ,z ,i und]/& y x is ! l9e betwe5 day & night on ! moon40 8,yes1 & a v wond]ful l9e x is1 too4 ,!re is no?+ j l x on ! e>?4 ,ow+ to ! effects ( our atmosph]e 9 disp]s+ ! light1 day & night d n /& face to face ) "o ano!r on ! e>? 9 ! same way t !y d on ! moon4 ,"h we h twilight 9 ! ev5+ & dawn 9 ! morn+1 & night nei!r comes nor goes = u ) ! />tl+ sudd5ness t *>act]izes x on ! moon4 ,= an h\r or two aft] sunset & be=e sunrise1 we receive rays ( reflect$ & refract$ light f ! atmosph]e above u1 :i* spread a s(t1 pleas+ illum9ation ov] ! l&scape1 & r5d] all objects m or less di/9ctly visible4 ,b if y 7 on ! moon 9 c]ta9 situations1 ! passage f day to night or f night to-day w\ld be z rapid z ! fall+ or ris+ ( a curta94 ,imag9e y\rself /&+ on ! we/]n wall ( ,v5del9us or ,petavius at ! "t :5 ?is photograph 0 tak54 ,y w\ld be 9 a blaze ( pitiless1 untemp]$ sun%9e1 b glanc+ d[n ! precipice at y\r feet y w\ld seem to be look+ into a gulf ( blackness4 ,b = ! light reflect$ back f ! ea/]n cliff1 & t com+ f ! e>?1 !re w\ld be sc>cely a ray ( illum9ation on ! rocks bel[ y4 ,y w\ld look d[n into inky d>kness1 & w\ld sc>cely d>e to make a /ep f fe> ( fall+ ov] ! edge ( a bottomless pit4 ,at ! same "t1 z ,i told y la/ night1 y w\ld see ! />s all ab\t y 9 ! sky1 ev5 close to ! sun4 8,?is is ! reason10 ,i cont9u$1 8:y ! m>* ( day across ! moon1 always keep+ %>p on ! heels ( night1 is a spectacle s impos+ & unp>allel$4 ,x is ?is wond]ful m>* t we are go+ to foll[ ) ! aid ( ! photographs4 ,i %all n[ ask y to give y\r att5tion to photograph ,no4 #c4 ,x 0 made m ?an a day & a half lat] ?an ! o!rs1 measur$ by ! age ( ! moon1 :i*1 9 ?is case1 0 ab\t five days & a half4 ,y notice h[ 9 ! int]val ! sunlight has swept ea/w>d ov] ! moon's surface4 ,! ,m>e ,crisium is recognizable 9 ! l[e/ or mo/ nor!rly1 ( ?ree l>ge1 d>k pla9s4 ,! small :ite oval a consid]able di/ance above x is our old acqua9tance ,langr5us1 ^: floor & walls are n[ v brilliant 9 ! full sun%9e1 :i* falls ^u !m at a high angle4 ,v5del9us & ,petavius are less conspicu\s4 ,! broad1 d>k pla9 :i* has come into view ea/w>d f ,langr5us is ! ,m>e ,fcunditatis1 :i* we may translate #8,sea ( ,fecundity'6 ,y c]ta9ly _c av] t on ?is occasion ! inv5tion ( ! old a/ronom]s fail$ 9 ! matt] ( romantic sugge/iv5ess4 ,! "n calls up pictures ( a great body ( tranquil wat]1 fann$ by g5tle1 /imulat+ breezes1 fill$ ) fi% ( e v>iety1 dott$ ) v9e- & fl[]-g>l&$ islets1 & bord]$ by well-wat]$ %ores1 ri* ) vegetation1 & support+ a num]\s & happy population4 ,"s su* idea ( ! ,m>e ,fcunditatis may h be5 9 ! m9ds ( its sponsors a c\ple ( c5turies ago4 ,b telescopes h become too p[]ful 9 our day to p]mit u to be any long] deceiv$ z to ! actual nature ( ?is s+ul> lun> region4 ,l ! ,m>e ,crisium1 x may h be5 ! b$ ( a sea _m ye>s ago1 b at ! pres5t "t x conta9s no wat]1 & its %ores pres5t an endless succession ( fire-sc>r$ cliffs1 peaks1 & volcanoes4 ,! only #8isl&s' 9 x are ext9ct crat]s40 8,b10 said my companion1 smil+1 8:]e !n is its hi/ory80 8,ah60 ,i repli$1 8is n ?is old sea itself hi/ory en\gh8 ,:5 x has rec$$ suffici5tly into ! pa/1 all hi/ory loses its details1 & pres5ts only its sett+ & its gr& prim>y elem5ts4 ,suppose t1 "s ages 9 ! future1 y %\ld be an inhabitant ( a di/ant planet1 survey+ ) a telescope ! dri$-up bas9 ( ! ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,provid$ only t y 7 conv9c$1 9 y\r own m9d1 t x _h once be5 an ocean1 ) f]tile1 inhabit$ %ores1 & ) %ips sail+ ^u x1 y w\ld be s+ul>ly lack+ 9 imag9ation if y c\ld n recon/ruct its hi/ory = y\rself4 ,! details c\ld safely be left to y\r inv5tion & y c\ld *ange !m f "t to "t to suit y\r v>y+ moods4 ,t]re/rial hi/orians h sometimes done t40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #c4 ,,july #bi1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #e4ed ,,days4 8,b d y believe t ! ,m>e ,fcunditatis 0 ev] su* a sea1 & ! sc5e ( su* ev5ts80 8,t is c]ta9ly a v po9t$ "q4 ,que/ions ( t k9d are always 9 ord] :5 "o is treat+ ( asc]ta9$ v]ifiable facts1 b j n[1 y "k1 we h w&]$ a little aside f ! /raight pa? ( sci5tific exactitude4 ,/ill1 ,i w be frank ) y & say t ,i really possess no settl$ op9ion conc]n+ ! =m] condition ( ! moon1 except s f> z :at we may call its #8geological' hi/ory is reveal$ by its pres5t /ate4 ,i am sure t ! moon 0 once ! seat ( trem5d\s volcanic action1 & ,i ?9k x n improbable t its great depress$ pla9s 7 once occupi$ by wat]1 b z to inhabitants1 ,i "k no m ab\t !m ?an y d4 ,/ill1 ,i am dispos$ to ?9k t1 z we g on1 y1 at lea/1 w rea* ! conclusion t all life has n yet disappe>$ f ! moon4 ,we are go+ to le>n "s v sugge/ive & significant ?+s be=e we are ?r\gh4 8,f>!r t[>d ! s\? & clos] t[>d ! t]m9ator y w see 9 ! photograph a ?ird d>k pla9 ) five sides1 ! nor!rn "o convex & ill-def9$4 ,at its upp] corn] is an incomplete r+ pla94 ,?is region be>s a /ill m curi\s "n ?an ! ,m>e ,fcunditatis4 ,x is ! ,m>e ,nect>is or #8,sea ( ,nect>4'0 8,app>5tly y\r a/ronom]s ( old took ! moon = an abode ( ! gods40 8,yes1 or = _! w9e cell>4 ,b we %all get a bett] look at ! surr\nd+s ( ?is ,sea ( ,nect> 9 a lat] photograph1 & !n ,i %all h m to tell y ab\t x4 ,9 ! meantime let u return to ! ,m>e ,crisium4 ,to ! ea/ 7"r-h& side7 ( ! ,m>e ,crisium y w obs]ve a diamond-%ap$ di/rict1 n v d>k1 ) a bright po9t at ! corn] :i* faces ! ,m>e4 ,y c\ld nev] guess its "n4 ,x is call$ ! ,palus ,somnii1 :i* may be translat$ #8,m>% ( a ,dream4' ,x is a v s+ul> place1 &1 se5 ) ! telescope1 possesses a color :i* is unique ^u ! moon1 a k9d ( light br[n1 q unlike ! hue ( any ( ! o!r pla9s or m\nta9 regions4 ,x is cov]$ all ov] ) %ort1 l[ ridges1 z if its surface _h be5 brok5 up 9 a mo/ irregul> mann] ) a giant pl[4 ,:at ! p]son :o nam$ x saw !re to lead him to connect x 9 8 m9d ) dreams ,i h nev] be5 able to imag9e4 ,! bright po9t on its we/]n edge is a rem>kable crat] m\nta91 nam$ ,proclus4 ,:at t m\nta9 is made ( nobody kn[s1 b x gleams ) extraord9>y brilliance :5 ! sun /rikes x40 8,:y may x n be sn[-cov]$80 8,t is a sugge/ion :i* has (t5 be5 made1 b "o great objection to x is t we h reason = believ+ t sn[1 at lea/ 9 su* a situation1 _c exi/ on ! moon4 ,ano!r objection is t only a few ( ! lun> m\nta9s are comp>able 9 brightness ) ,proclus1 & !y are n ! l(tie/ ones4 ,^u ! :ole x is mu* m probable t ! reflect+ p[] ( ,proclus is due to ! composition ( its rocks1 p]haps to broad cry/all9e surfaces expos$ 9 ! sun%9e40 8,x is a surprise to me1 !n1 t t #8e>?ly godfa!r' ( lun> wond]s1 :o _h a suffici5tly vivid fancy to inv5t ! #8,m>% ( a ,dream' close by1 did n "n ?is m\nta9 = "s jewel1 real or imag9>y40 8,x w\ld h be5 m poetic1 inde$1 b z ,i h already told y1 ! m\nta9s & volcanoes ( ! moon ne>ly all be> v prosaic designations1 :ile a weal? ( fancy has be5 lavi%$ 9 nam+ ! #8seas' & pla9s4 ,! a/ronom] ,riccioli is responsible = mo/ ( ! commonplace nom5clature t we f9d 9 lun> *>ts4 ,if y w n[ glance at ! nor!rn 7l[]7 #8horn' ( ! moon 9 ! photograph y w notice1 ne> ! t]m9ator1 ab\t two ?irds ( ! way f ! ,m>e ,crisium to ! end ( ! horn1 a pair ( r+ pla9s1 or crat] r+s1 app>5tly almo/ t\*+ "o ano!r4 ,!y are ,atlas & ,h]cules1 ! latt] be+ ! small] "o on ! "r4 ,a d>k] oval bel[ !m ne> ! bright edge ( ! moon is ,endymion40 8,t1 at lea/10 exclaim$ my companion1 delight$1 8is a romantic & appropriate "n6 ,i am en*ant$ to ?9k t ,endymion has n be5 sep>at$ by y\r cold-he>t$ sci5ce f h] :o lov$ him s well40 8,b if y %\ld look at ,endymion ) a telescope y w\ld wond] :at ! moon c\ld f9d 9 him to admire4 ,he has be5 turn$ into a huge1 brok5-wall$ r+ pla94 ,y w obs]ve t ! o!r1 ! s\!rn or upp] horn ( ! moon 9 ! photograph1 appe>s extraord9>ily r\gh5$4 ,x is completely pitt$ ) crat]s & r+s4 ,!re are s _m ( !m1 & !y are s entangl$1 t ,i %all n und]take to indicate !m by _! individual names1 especially z !re is none among !m ( ! v fir/ importance4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y w br+ y\r att5tion back to ! ,m>e ,nect>is ,i %all be able to po9t out to y a v extraord9>y object1 :i* lies j on ! bord] betwe5 day & night "h1 b w be se5 9 ! next photograph t we exam9e1 9 full morn+ light4 ,! object t ,i mean is a r+ on ! "r-h& edge ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is4 ,its ea/]n wall & ! top ( its c5tral peak are brightly illum9at$ by ! rays ( ! ris+ sun2 :ile beyond x1 to ! ea/w>d1 ev]y?+1 ) ! exception ( ! tips ( "o or two high peaks1 is /eep$ 9 night4 ,?is is "o ( ! mightie/ volcanic =mations t ! moon conta9s4 ,its "n is ,!ophilus4 ,to see x & c]ta9 gigantic neighbors t x has1 fully display$1 we %all turn1 aft] ?is glance at its fir/ appe>ance1 to photograph ,no4 #d4 8,9 ?is photograph ! sunrise l9e on ! moon has advanc$ s mu* f>!r ea/w>d t ! ,m>e ,nect>is lies well )9 ! illum9at$ "p ( ! disk1 & ,!ophilus has become ! mo/ conspicu\s object ( ! k9d 9 view4 ,y n[ obs]ve t x does n /& alone1 b is l9k$1 s to speak1 ) ano!r simil> r+ on its s\!a/]n side1 :ile /ill f>!r s\?w>d is a ?ird less regul> r+ :i* seems to belong to ! same gr\p40 8,oh1 yes10 cri$ my companion1 8!y c]ta9ly d seem to be connect$4 ,!y look l ?ree l9ks ( an enorm\s brok5 *a9 dropp$ ^u ! moon40 8,! r+ ne>e/ to ,!ophilus10 ,i cont9u$1 8& ^: nor?we/]n side has be5 de/roy$ to give room = ! full circle ( ! wall ( ,!ophilus1 is nam$ ,cyrillus4 ,! o!r m di/ant "o is ,ca?>9a4 ,if y wi% to become a little le>n$ 9 ! geography ( ! moon x is necess>y t y %\ld rememb] ^! names4 ,z to ! objects t ! names designate1 !y are f> too wond]ful ev] to be =gott51 & x is impossible to confuse !m ) any o!r features ( ! lun> _w4 ,!re is a great deal ( #8hi/ory' connect$ ) ^! ?ree enorm\s volcanic =mations1 b ,i am go+ to res]ve t = a :ile1 because by & by we %all exam9e a l>g] photograph ( ^! same objects 9 :i* y w see _! m>vel\s details display$4 ,n[ let me direct y\r att5tion to ! fir/ *a9 ( m\nta9s t we h f\nd ^u ! moon4 ,above ,ca?>9a y w notice a ?91 cr9kl$ l9e ( light pass+ ?r\gh a comp>atively level di/rict & end+ at ano!r r+4 ,x is a range ( peaks & cliffs nam$ ! ,altai ,m\nta9s4 ,!y are ( no great height1 & _c be comp>$ 9 magnific5ce ) ! lun> ,alps & ! lun> ,ap5n9es :i* we %all see 9 ! photographs tak5 a few days lat]1 b !y are nev]!less v int]e/+4 ,! r+ m\nta9 at :i* ! ,altai range t]m9ates is nam$ ,piccolom9i4 ,x is ano!r m>vel\s object = telescopic /udy4 ,! incomplete r+1 ) a d>k int]ior1 :i* =ms ! s\!rn corn] ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 resembl+ a semicircul> bay1 is ,fraca/orius4 ,x is a v curi\s object because close inspection reveals t ! miss+ "p ( its r+ has be5 subm]g$1 b is /ill fa9tly visible ?r\gh ! surface ( ! ,m>e40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #d4 ,,novemb] #bd1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #e4gd ,,days4 8,i suppose x _c be wat] t has cov]$ x1 s9ce y h s (t5 assur$ me t !re is no wat] on ! moon40 8,no1 x is n wat]1 b rock or s& or solidifi$ lava1 or "s k9d ( solid matt]4 ,x looks z ?\gh ! :ole b$ ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is _h well$ up 9 "o mighty convulsive outp\r+ ( liquid lava1 :i* broke d[n ! wall ( ,fraca/orius1 inundat$ ! int]ior1 & !n h>d5$ l a floor ( cem5t4 ,! probability t a cata/rophe ( ! k9d ,i h describ$ has occurr$ "h is height5$ by ! fact t ! b$ ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is is concave1 sunk5 9 ! c5t]1 z if x _h brok5 & settl$ d[n #8l ice ^u a pond4' ,scatt]$ m or less all ov] its surface & p>ticul>ly ne> its %ores1 !re are indications ( ?is break+ d[n1 & ( some?+ t has be5 cov]$ up40 8,to me x seems v my/]i\s10 said my fri5d1 8& v t]rible also40 8,x is m or less my/]i\s to ! a/ronom] likewise4 ,/ill1 geology %[s t !re h be5 some:at simil> occurr5ces on ! e>?4 ,if y w n[ direct y\r eyes to ! l[] 7nor!rn7 "p ( ! photograph y w notice "s additional ?+s t h come into view ) ! advance ( ! sunlight4 ,y obs]ve t a va/ somb] region occupies ! inn] portion ( ! cresc5t bel[ ! c5t]4 ,?is consi/s ( two imm5se pla9s1 "o ( :i* s5ds a l>ge #8bay' z f> s\? z ! r+ ( ,!ophilus1 :]e x is connect$ by a n>r[ #8/rait' ) ! ,m>e ,nect>is4 8,turn+ to photograph ,no4 #e we see ! two pla9s to :i* ,i h ref]r$ m fully display$4 ,! sun has n[ ris5 ov] _! entire surface4 ,! upp] "o is ! ,m>e ,tranquillitatis1 #8,sea ( ,tranquillity'2 & ! l[] "o ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 #8,sea ( ,s]5ity4'0 8,i h always ?\ght t a/ronom]s mu/ be happy p]sons10 said my companion1 ) a smile1 8& ^! names are conv9c+40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #e4 ,,july #a1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #f4bd ,,days4 8,yes1 p]haps1 b !n 9 be/[+ ! names !y may h be5 transf]r+ to ! moon ideals ( tranquillity & s]5ity :i* !y did n f9d realiz$ ^u ! e>?4 ,i am n go+ to talk ab\t ^! two #8seas' at pres5t because !y are bett] repres5t$ ^u "o ( ! l>ge photographs :i* we %all exam9e lat]4 ,i pref] to direct y\r att5tion j n[ to "s o!r ?+s4 ,9 ! fir/ place look once m at ,!ophilus & its companion r+s1 & obs]ve h[ !y ma9ta9 _! prem95ce4 ,! entire surface ( ! moon to ! ea/w>d & s\?w>d is brok5 & heap$ up ) m\nta9s1 crat]s1 & r+s1 b n[h]e d we see any?+ comp>able ) ,!ophilus except1 p]haps1 f> t[>d ! s\?1 :]e ne> ! inn] bord] appe> two /ill l>g]1 b less regul>1 r+s ly+ 9 l9e at a "r angle to ! t]m9ator4 ,! "o on ! left is ,maurolycus1 & ! o!r1 /ill half obscur$ by night1 is ,/fl]40 8,! names ( old a/ronom]s1 ,i suppose40 8,yes1 a/ronom]s suffici5tly fam\s 9 _! day1 b :o w\ld be virtually =gott5 at ! pres5t "t if _! fri5d ,riccioli _h n ?us immortaliz$ !m4 ,y see x is a great piece ( good =tune to h y\r "n 9 ! moon4 ,x is a k9d ( rev5ge = ! neglect ( future g5]ations at home40 8,& x seems to me an equal good =tune to h _h an admir] will+ to set y\r "n up 9 ! moon40 8,surely4 ,b ,riccioli's own "n is !re also4 ,aft]w>ds ,i %all %[ y 8 lun> monum5t1 a truly magnific5t "o4 ,p]mit me n[ to tell y t ,maurolycus is mu* great] 9 ext5t ?an any ( ! r+s t we h yet se54 ,n by any means s p]fect 9 =m z ,!ophilus1 x cov]s a va/ ext5t ( surface1 z mu* z #aej miles across1 ) an amaz+ mass ( brok5 r+s1 walls1 ramp>ts1 ridges & *asms4 ,"s ( its peaks are #ad1jjj or #ae1jjj feet 9 height4 ,x has a v l(ty c5tral m\nta91 visible 9 ! photograph1 & ^: peak comes into view :5 ! sun is ris+ long be=e ! surr\nd+s h be5 illum9at$1 s t x resembles a /> gl[+ amid ! blacke/ night4 ,! neighbor ( ,maurolycus1 ,/fl]1 is equally ext5sive & almo/ equally wild & magnific5t :5 ! sunlight is leap+ across x f p9nacle to p9nacle & ridge to ridge4 ,9 ?is photograph1 h[ev]1 x is too ne> ! t]m9ator to be well se54 ,we %all pres5tly pass to photograph ,no4 #f1 :]e ,/fl] appe>s 9 full light1 b be=e do+ s let u glance at ! nor!rn "p ( ! moon z "h pictur$4 ,close to ! t]m9ator1 bel[ ! gr& oval =m ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 y w p]ceive two r+s1 "o above ! o!r4 ,!y seem to be ! complem5t ( ! o!r pair1 ,atlas & ,h]cules1 :i* we look$ at :5 ! sun _h rec5tly ris5 ^u !m 9 ano!r photograph1 & :i* n[ appe> f> (f t[>d ! we/4 ,y obs]ve t ,atlas & ,h]cules lie ^u an ea/ & we/ l9e1 & ! o!rs ^u a nor? & s\? l9e4 ,! nor!rnmo/ "o is nam$ ,ari/oteles1 & ! o!r ,eudoxus4 ,!y are situat$ ne> ! edge ( a pla9 call$ ! ,m>e ,frigoris1 #8,sea ( ,cold1' ?us nam$1 ,i suppose1 because x lies s f> nor?4 ,ari/oteles is ab\t #fj miles 9 diamet]1 & its imm5se wall is v high & spl5didly t]rac$4 ,eudoxus1 equally deep1 is only #dj miles 9 diamet]4 8,turn+ to photograph ,no4 #f1 tak5 :5 ! moon 0 m ?an a day old] ?an x 0 :5 ,no4 #e 0 made1 we h a /rik+ example ( ! effect ( libration 9 pres5t+ ! moon at p]ceptibly diff]5t angles to our l9e ( sight at correspond+ phases4 ,we h n[ arriv$ at ,fir/ ,qu>t]1 & behold all ! we/]n half ( ! moon illum9at$ by ! sun4 ,y w p]ceive t we n[ h 9 view1 simultane\sly1 six ( ! great pla9s call$ #8seas1' namely1 ! ,m>e ,crisium1 ! ,m>e ,fcunditatis1 ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 ! ,m>e ,tranquillitatis1 ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 & ! ,m>e ,frigoris1 :ile o!rs are beg9n+ to em]ge out ( night on ! ea/4 ,maurolycus & ,/fl]1 ! pair ( giant r+s 9 ! s\?1 are bett] se5 ?an be=e because daylight has advanc$ f>!r across !m4 ,9 fact ,/fl] n[ appe>s m impos+ ?an its great neighbor1 & a small] r+ break+ ! cont9uity ( its wall on ! we/]n side is visible4 ,above ^!1 9 ! direction ( ! s\? pole ( ! moon1 & ar\nd ! pole itself1 ! surface is m>vel\sly r\gh & brok54 ,x looks z if x w\ld be impossible to f9d a level acre ( gr\nd 9 all t region4 ,! r+s & crat]s are v]itably innum]able4 ,x is ! exi/5ce ( ^! irregul>ities :i* causes ! t]m9ator to appe> s crook$ & brok54 ,at "s places y p]ceive small bright po9ts )9 ! edge ( ! night half ( ! moon4 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 are ! summits ( peaks1 :i* h j be5 t\*$ by ! sunlight :ile ! surface all ar\nd !m is /ill cov]$ ) d>kness4 8,bel[ ,/fl]1 all along ! t]m9ator1 z f> z ! middle ( ! moon1 an irregul> r[ ( r+s appe>s4 ,?ree ( ^! be> "s resemblance to ! great gr\p ( :i* ,!ophilus is ! *ief memb]4 ,!y are1 c\nt+ f s\? t[>d nor?1 ,aliac5sis1 ,w]n]1 & ,blan*9us4 ,bel[ !m two o!r mu* l>g] ones are conspicu\s1 ,albategnius1 ! m s\!rly1 & ,hipp>*us4 ,^! two are full ( moon hi/ory4 ,albategnius1 ! small]1 is v deep & comp>atively p]fect 9 condition1 :ile ,hipp>*us1 m ?an #ij miles across1 has be5 vividly describ$ z a #8wreck & ru91' its walls1 once possibly ( great height1 be+ n[ l[ & brok51 & trav]s$ ) gaps & valleys1 :ile a great cleft exi/s cross+ a "p ( ! broad1 irregul> floor4 ,x is probable t ,hipp>*us is an old] =mation ?an ,albategnius40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #f4 ,,novemb] #bf1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #g4ge ,,days4 8,p>don me10 int]rupt$ my companion1 8b ,i mu/ cry = m]cy4 ,really1 ^! /range names escape f my m9d z fa/ z y m5tion !m4 ,is !re n some?+ a little m romantic 9 ! moon--some?+ to relieve ! /ra9 ( all ?is nom5clature ( words t]m9at+ 9 #8u1' & ?is frightful lun> geology80 8,yes10 ,i said1 8,i believe t on ! o!r half ( ! moon1 :i* has n yet se5 ! sun rise1 we %all f9d some?+ bett] to y\r ta/e4 ,b d n be too impati5t4 ,reflect t ^! names repres5t v wond]ful ?+s visible to u 9 ano!r _w ?an ours1 ?+s ! k ( :i* has co/ ! lifelong labors ( _m gift$ m51 & t w be rememb]$1 /udi$1 talk$1 & writt5 ab\t c5turies aft] we are dead4 ,=tunately = y\r p[]s ( att5tion ! ea/]n half ( ! moon1 ^u :i* day w be se5 gradually dawn+ 9 ! next set ( photographs1 has a g5]al "* q diff]5t f t ( ! we/]n half4 ,x conta9s ! greate/ ranges ( lun> m\nta9s1 yet ^u ! :ole x is m level1 be+ cov]$ to a great ext5t ) broad pla9s1 9 ! mid/ & along ! bord]s ( :i* /& ! mo/ rem>kable & int]e/+ ( all ! lun> =mations4 ,9 & ar\nd "s ( !m we %all se>* = ! evid5ces :i* "s a/ronom]s ?9k t !y h f\nd ( life ^u ! moon40 8,oh1 t inde$ w be int]e/+60 exclaim$ my fri5d ) reviv+ animation4 8,b10 ,i add$1 8d n place y\r expectations too high4 ,keep y\r imag9ation "u control1 try always to be j a little #8sci5tific' 9 y\r way ( look+ at ?+s1 & !n ,i believe y w n be disappo9t$40 8,oh1 please d n ?9k t ,i h be5 disappo9t$10 %e said deprecat+ly4 8,b positively y mu/ admit t #8,albategnius1' #8,aliac5sis1' #8,blan*9us1' & #8,maurolycus1' are n precisely captivat+4 ,rememb] t ,i h read little except poetry & romance1 & ^? hi/ories t are full ( /ories40 8,y w f9d a deep ve9 ( poetry & romance 9 ! moon10 ,i repli$1 8be=e we h f9i%$1 & aft] y h reflect$ ^u :at we h se5 & :at we h be5 say+40 ,leav+ ! rema9+ photographs to be exam9$ aft] lun*1 we n[ ent]$ ! h\se4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,ii ,,fir/ ,,qu>t] ,,to ,,full ,,moon ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,ii ,,fir/ ,,qu>t] ,,to ,,full ,,moon ,,not)/&+ ! signs ( impati5ce :i* my fri5d _h manife/$ :5 we 7 pass+1 9 our review ( ! photographs1 f "o lun> r+ m\nta9 to ano!r1 all m or less simil> 9 appe>ance & *>act]i/ics1 ,i 0 gratifi$ to see t h] m9d 0 /ill attract$ to ! subject ( ! moon1 & dur+ ! lun* %e1 ( h] own accord1 began to talk ( x4 8,y h said s mu* ab\t volcanic occurr5ces on ! moon10 %e rem>k$1 8t ,i wond] :y y d n call ^? imm5se m\nta9s #8volcanoes4' ,i obs]ve t y always speak ( !m z #8r+s1' or #8m\nta9 r+s1' or #8r+ pla9s'2 :ile to me1 al?\gh to be sure ,i am no geologi/ & h p]haps no "r to an op9ion1 !y seem pla9ly to be j huge volcanoes & no?+ else40 8,y\r obs]vation is q correct10 ,i repli$1 8z f> z sup]ficial appe>ance goes1 & ,i may add t ^! great r+s are (t5 call$ volcanoes4 ,if we apply ! prop] adjective & "n !m #8lun> volcanoes1' p]haps !re c be no objection to ! t]m4 ,b !y are c]ta9ly widely diff]5t f our t]re/rial volcanoes4 ,! diff]5ce is n 9 size alone1 al?\gh 9 t reg>d x is enorm\s4 ,!re is a f> m significant diff]5ce1 :i* y c\ld h>dly be expect$ to notice 9 a simple inspection ( ! photographs1 al?\gh x is evid5t :5 once po9t$ out4 ,i ref] to ! fact t :at seem to be ! crat]s ( lun> volcanoes are n situat$ on ! tops ( m\nta9s4 ,!y are imm5se pla9s1 m or less irregul> 9 surface1 & (t5 hav+ a peak or a gr\p ( peaks 9 ! c5t]1 :ile ar\nd ^! pla9s always ext5ds a m\nta9 r+1 /eep on ! inn] side1 & hav+ a gradual slope )\t4 ,b mo/ significant fact ( all1 ! pla9s1 or floors inside ! r+1 are almo/ inv>iably situat$ ?\s&s ( feet bel[ ! g5]al level ( ! moon4 ,if ! t]re/rial volcanoes 7 =m$ on ! plan ( ! lun> ones1 :5 we visit ,vesuvius1 in/ead ( climb+ up a m\nta9 ris+ out ( ! mid/ ( a pla9 & capp$ ) a cone1 hav+ a funnel-%ap$ crat] 9 ! c5t]1 we %\ld f9d be=e u a relatively l[1 circul> elevation1 on surm\nt+ :i* !re w\ld appe> on ! inside ( ! circle a great bas9like holl[1 f> bel[ ! level ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ?is1 di/ant f ! l(ty encircl+ walls1 w\ld be se5 a conical hill ) smoke & vapor issu+ f a v5t at its summit4 ,! top ( ?is crat] hill w\ld be l[] ?an ! rim ( ! bas9-%ap$ holl[1 s t ! :ole volcano ) its imm$iate surr\nd+s w\ld be inclos$ & %ut (f f ! environ+ upp] _w by ! sides ( ! bas94 ,:ile y f9i% y\r c(fee ,i w make a sket* :i* may r5d] ?is diff]5ce betwe5 lun> & t]re/rial volcanoes evid5t at a glance40 ,illu/ration3 ,lun> ,volcano1 9 ,section4 ,illu/ration3 ,t]re/rial ,volcano1 9 ,section4 ,accord+ly1 aft] a few m9utes1 ,i pres5t$ to h] ^! two diagrams1 rem>k+ t x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! two sket*es 7 n made on ! same relative scale4 8,i 0 compell$10 ,i said1 8to *ange ! true proportions 9 ! section ( ! lun> volcano1 = if ,i _h drawn !m z !y are 9 fact1 ! wid? ( ! bas9 w\ld h be5 enorm\s 9 proportion to its dep?4 ,y w recall t ,i told y t su* r+s z ,albategnius & ,maurolycus are a hundr$ miles & ev5 m 9 diamet]1 :ile _! dep? does n exce$ two or ?ree miles4 ,x results f ?is necess>y falsification ( proportions 9 ! sket* t ! t]re/rial volcano1 al?\gh s widely diff]5t 9 =m1 appe>s comp>able 9 magnitude ) ! lun> "o4 ,b ! fact is t y c\ld take a doz5 ( ! l>ge/ volcanic m\nta9s on ! e>? & ?r[ !m into "o ( ! great lun> r+s )\t fill+ x40 8,i am ! m a/oni%$ by :at y say10 rem>k$ my fri5d1 8because y h already told me t ! moon is s mu* small] ?an ! e>?4 ,h[ does x happ51 !n1 t h] volcanoes are s mu* l>g]8 ,i %\ld ?9k t 9 a little _w all ?+s w\ld be small 9 proportion40 8,x is q natural to ?9k s10 ,i repli$1 8until y reflect ^u ! consequ5ces ( ! small] =ce ( gravitation on a small _w4 ,i told y la/ ev5+ t gravitation on ! moon1 is only "o six? z p[]ful z x is on ! e>?1 & y w recall t "o consequ5ce :i* ,i po9t$ out 0 t y w\ld weigh only tw5ty p\nds if y 7 on ! moon4 ,s9ce ! same reason+ applies to all objects 9 ! lun> _w1 x is cle> t a simil> =ce ex]t$ !re w\ld be able to produce enorm\sly great] effects1 z = in/ance 9 ! =mation ( va/ holl[s or depressions1 by viol5t explosions1 ! products ( :i* w\ld be ?r[n to imm5se di/ances4 ,"s sel5ograph]s1 :i* is a t]m appli$ to ^? :o /udy ! features ( ! lun> _w1 h sugge/$ t 9 ?is cause alone is to be f\nd ! explanation ( ! giant lun> r+ m\nta9s4 ,at "s remote p]iod ( ! pa/1 accord+ to !m1 ! volcanic =ces ( ! moon rea*$ a maximum ( activity & en]gy4 ,! lava1 c9d]s1 a%es1 & o!r products ( ejection1 7 hurl$ to a height ( scores ( miles1 & :5 ?is fell back at a great di/ance f ! c5t]s ( eruption ^! 7 pil$ up 9 huge r+s1 fifty1 eighty1 or a hundr$ miles 9 diamet]1 :ile ! surface ( ! moon )9 ! r+s sank 9 consequ5ce ( ! )drawal ( ! mat]ial ?us eject$4 ,to acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( ! c5tral m\nta9s s (t5 f\nd 9 ! middle ( ! r+s1 x has be5 sugge/$ t at a mu* lat] p]iod1 :5 ! volcanic en]gy _h become comp>atively insignificant1 z a result ( ! cool+ ( ! int]ior ( ! moon1 less viol5t explosions1 n great] ?an _m t h occurr$ on ! e>?1 took place1 & by ^! ! c5tral peaks 7 =m$40 8,y are go+ to ?9k me too romantic1 or too imag9ative1 aga910 said my fri5d1 ) a smile1 8b ,i _c prev5t myself f wond]+ :at ! inhabitants ( ! moon did & ?\ght :ile all ^? m>vel\s ?+s 7 happ5+40 8,i h n said t !re 7 inhabitants ( ! moon40 8,no1 b y h confess$ t !re might h be5 inhabitants1 "s "t1 & ,i %\ld l to "k :e!r !y 7 !re :5 ^? t]rible volcanoes 7 =m$40 8,if !y 710 ,i repli$1 8!y c\ld n h surviv$ su* a univ]sal upheaval z ! surface ( ! moon has und]gone4 ,y h se5 9 ! photographs t ! great r+s & small] crat]s are scatt]$ ?ickly ov] ! moon4 ,x is true t comp>atively few are f\nd 9 ! level expanses call$ #8seas1' b if ^? regions 7 cov]$ ) wat] !y c\ld only h be5 inhabit$ by be+s provid$ ) gills & f9s40 8,h[ long ago did ^! explosions occur80 8,i _c tell y1 except t x mu/ h be5 _m ages 9 ! pa/2 s long ago1 inde$1 t ! :ole c\rse ( human hi/ory seems b a day 9 comp>ison40 8,!n10 said my fri5d ) animation1 8!re has be5 "t en\gh s9ce t dreadful p]iod = inhabitants to develop ^u ! moon1 has !re n80 8,yes1 "t en\gh1 p]haps1 provid$ t suffici5t wat] & air & o!r vital requisites rema9$ aft] ! exhau/ion ( ! volcanic en]gies40 8,oh1 let u say t !y did rema94 ,i am eag] to believe t ! moon has n always be5 s desolate z %e appe>s at pres5t40 8,v well1 y are at lib]ty to believe t if y l4 ,no a/ronom] is likely positively to contradict y1 al?\gh he may smile a little incr$ul\sly4 ,besides1 z ,i h already told y1 !re are c]ta9 r inconclusive indications ( "s k9d ( life1 & ( "s k9d ( activity1 /ill on ! moon40 8,please %[ !m to me1 !n1 or tell me ab\t !m4 ,p]haps ,i %all f9d !m less inconclusive ?an y d40 8,ev]y?+ 9 its turn10 ,i repli$4 8,we %all come to ! indications t ,i h spok5 ( aft] we resume ! inspection ( ! photographs40 8,!n ,i am ready to resume at once40 ,accord+ly we return$ to ! table & ! photographs "u ! pleasant %ade ( ! elm4 ,tak+ up ! photograph numb]$ #g1 ,i rem>k$ t x exhibit$ ! moon z x appe>s a little aft] ,fir/ ,qu>t]2 t is to say1 a trifle m ?an half ! face turn$ t[>d ! e>? is 9 ! sunlight4 ,i call$ att5tion once m to ! six 8seas10 :i* we _h already rem>k$1 & to ! cont9u$ conspicu\sness ( ,!ophilus & its companions1 a little above ! middle ( ! visible hemisph]e4 8,y obs]ve n[10 ,i cont9u$1 8h[ ! rotundity ( ! lun> globe beg9s to manife/ itself z ! sunlight sweeps f>!r ea/w>d4 ,! cresc5t %ape is gone & ! l9e betwe5 day & night beg9s to be b[$ outw>d1 convexly4 ,! ,m>e ,crisium is p>ticul>ly well def9$1 & also ! diamond-%ap$ region call$ ! ,palus ,somnii4 ,) ! sun s ne>ly v]tical above x1 ! rem>kable peak ( ,proclus1 betwe5 ! ,palus ,somnii & ! ,m>e ,crisium1 has become v brilliant4 ,9 a telescope y w\ld see x gl[+ almo/ l a />4 ,y obs]ve also t sev]al long1 /raight1 bright rays proce$ f x 9 sev]al directions40 8,all ! m reason1 x seems to me10 said my fri5d1 8:y y\r unimag9ative a/ronom]1 ,riccioli1 %\ld h nam$ x = "s brilliant gem in/ead ( atta*+ to s dazzl+ an object ! prosaic designation ( #8,proclus4'0 8,aft] all10 ,i repli$1 8:at's 9 a "n80 ,n[ t y are famili> ) ! appe>ance ( ,proclus1 its "n w h5ce=? call up to y\r m9d an image z brilliant z if x _h be5 nam$ #8,m\nt ,diamond' or #8,m\nt ,ame?y/4'0 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #g4 ,,july #b1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #g4bd ,,days4 8,p>don me10 said my fri5d1 8b x 0 n ( names l ^? t ,i 0 ?9k+4 ,obs]ve h[ he :o nam$ ! neighbor+ ,palus ,somnii1 #8,m>% ( a ,dream1' exhibit$ an exquisite delicacy ( fancy4 ,x sugge/s some?+ indef9itely /range1 romantic1 imag9ative4 ,t unkn[n a/ronom]1 unkn[n at lea/ to me1 put a little ( himself1 a little ( 8 inmo/ m9d1 into ! "n1 & ,i ?ank him = x4 ,i %all nev] =get ! #8,m>% ( a ,dream' 9 ! moon4 ,x w haunt my own dreams4 ,i %all be all my life seek+ & nev] f9d+ its mean+40 8,s9ce y are 9 s poetic a mood10 ,i respond$1 8,i rejoice t besides its bald facts1 its fireless volcanoes1 & its dri$-up pla9s1 ! moon possesses _m ?+s t c /ir ! imag9ation ( ! mo/ s5tim5tal obs]v]4 ,b1 9 ord] t we may n w&] too f> f ! pa?s ( sci5ce1 let me recall y\r att5tion to ! photograph4 ,we h be5 go+ ov] gr\nd already trodd5 by return+ to ! neighborhood ( ! ,m>e ,crisium4 ,i %all n[ lead y back to ! t]m9ator1 :]e we %all f9d a little t is new4 ,/ill ne>ly hidd5 9 night we p]ceive _m great r+s on :i* ! sun is beg9n+ to rise1 & f\r ( ! mo/ important ranges ( m\nta9s are com+ into view4 ,"o ( ^!1 on ! s\!rn bord] ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 is visible ?r\gh\t its entire ext5t4 ,x =ms a portion ( ! coquetti% ornam5ts ) :i* ! ,moon ,maid5 has decorat$ h] hair1 z we %all see cle>ly 9 ! next photograph4 ,?is range is nam$ ! ,hmus m\nta9s4 ,ne> its c5t]1 q at ! edge ( ! #8sea1' is a bright crat] r+1 "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s on ! moon4 ,x is call$ ,m5elaus40 8,m5elaus80 exclaim$ my fri5d4 8,ah1 !n ,riccioli did n conf9e 8 favoritism to ! a/ronom]s & philosoph]s 9 putt+ _! names 9 ! moon4 ,m5elaus1 if ,i rememb] my classical read+ correctly1 0 ! husb& ( ,hel5 ( ,troy40 8,yes1 ! bro!r ( ,agamemnon himself4 ,y mu/ admit t ,riccioli occasionally felt 8 imag9ation a little awak5$4 ,he 0 n altoge!r de/itute ( ! _s ( poetry40 8,b did he also put ,hel5 9 ! moon80 8,i am sorry to say t he did n4 ,x w\ld h be5 a v suitable abode = h]4 ,h[ev]1 if y l1 y may recognize ,hel5 9 ! ,moon ,maid5 h]self40 8,?ank y1 t w be1 inde$1 an unexpect$ pleasure40 8,mean:ile all[ me to po9t out to y t !re is a curi\s light /reak1 v fa9tly %[n 9 ! photograph1 :i* crosses ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis f ,m5elaus to ! opposite %ore1 & reappe>s m di/9ctly1 on ! light]-color$ pla9 t[>d ! nor?4 ,?is /reak comes all ! way f a great r+ m\nta9 nam$ ,ty*o 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! moon4 ,x is m ?an #b1jjj miles long1 & is "o ( ! greate/ my/]ies ( ! lun> _w4 ,ty*o1 :i* lies j on ! sunrise l9e1 is n well se5 9 ?is photograph4 ,x has a great numb] ( ^! /range /reaks or rays proce$+ f x 9 all directions4 ,we %all /udy !m 9 "o ( ! photographs :i* are to come4 ,"o ^w 9 reg>d to ! pla9 nor? ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis ( :i* ,i h j spok54 ,x1 too1 has a "n t is calculat$ to appeal to y\r lively imag9ation4 ,x is call$ ! ,lacus ,somniorum1 :i* if my k ( ,lat9 is correct1 means #8,lake ( ! ,sleep]s4'0 8,!n y\r old fri5d ,riccioli c]ta9ly did n be/[ ! appellation40 8,no1 x 0 "o ( 8 m fanciful1 or1 if y pref]1 m poetical pr$ecessors1 p]haps ! same :o imag9$ ! #8,m>% ( a ,dream4'0 8,oh1 t gives me ano!r reason to ?9k ( him ) admiration & gratitude4 ,he1 at lea/1 _h a s\l t rose above m]e prosaic facts40 8,p]haps4 ,b d n ?9k too lightly ( ! facts ( ! moon4 ,aft] all ! human m9d mu/ base itself ^u ! solid gr\nd ( fact4 ,)\t t we %\ld become m]e dream]s1 & be suit$ only to inhabit y\r favorite #8,m>%4'0 8,! o!r m\nta9 ranges ( :i* ,i h spok510 ,i cont9u$1 8are fa9tly di/+ui%able ea/w>d f ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis4 ,!y are ! ,ap5n9es1 ! ,caucasus1 & ! ,alps4 ,b p]haps we _h bett] turn at once to photograph ,no4 #h :]e !y are mu* m cle>ly se51 because ! sunrise !re has advanc$ a c\ple ( hundr$ miles f>!r ea/40 8,b1 de> me1 h[ sl[ly ! sun rises on ! moon6 ,0 ?is photograph tak5 a day lat] ?an ! o!r80 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #h4 ,,augu/ #ca1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #i4bb ,,days4 8,almo/ exactly two days lat]4 ,:5 x 0 made ! moon 0 ne>ly n9e & a qu>t] days old1 & its age at ! "t ,no4 #g 0 made 0 only sev5 & a qu>t] days4 ,b1 ow+ to ! effects ( libration1 an explanation ( :i* ,i h put into a note = y\r private read+ :5 y feel l x1 see p4 #eg1 footnote1 ! diff]5ce ( phase am\nts to less ?an two days4 ,y are "r1 h[ev]1 9 rem>k+ t sunrise is a v sl[ process on ! moon4 ,x requires ab\t two weeks to pass f ! we/]n side ( ! moon to ! ea/]n side1 & bo? day & night at any po9t on ! moon la/ ab\t a =tnight4 ,?is results f ! fact t1 z ,i h told y1 ! moon does n turn rapidly on its axis l our own globe1 b keeps always ! same side direct$ t[>d ! e>?4 ,accord+ly1 a lun> day & night are toge!r ab\t a mon? long40 8,& 0 x s :51 z ,i mu/ p]si/ 9 believ+1 !re 7 inhabitants on ! moon80 8,probably1 al?\gh x may h be5 %ort] !n4 ,! consequ5ces ( ^! excessively long days & nights w\ld be v s]i\s to be+s fa%ion$ ^u ! t]re/rial plan4 ,9 ! practical abs5ce ( an atmosph]e ! heat ( ! sun's rays1 p\r+ d[n )\t int]ruption & )\t ! int]v5tion ( any cl\ds or vapors = f\rte5 days at a "t1 mu/ be simply ov]p[]+4 ,& !n1 dur+ ! equally long night t ensues1 ! radiation into op5 space mu/ quickly leave ! surface ( ! moon expos$ to ! mo/ frightful degree ( cold1 comp>able ) ! absolute z]o ( empty space60 8,b ?9k1 :at a m]ciless environm5t y are pictur+ = my inhabitants ( ! moon4 ,please d n =get t ,i insi/ t _! com=t %all be consid]$40 8,oh1 z = t1 y "k y 7 cont5t a little :ile ago to relegate y\r inhabitants to a remote p]iod 9 ! pa/1 aft] ! volcanic fury ( ! lun> _w _h ceas$1 & be=e its pres5t airless & wat]less condition _h sup]v5$4 ,possibly at t "t ?+s 7 n s uncom=table = !m4 ,!y may h _h cl\ds to temp] ! sun%9e1 ra9s to cool ! days & dews ! nights1 & %ady p>ks l y\rs = philosophic & sci5tific contemplation40 8,d n =get ! poets40 8,c]ta9ly n4 ,b is n ! moon h]self ! v _s ( poetry8 ,:at 9 nature is m poetical 9 its sugge/ions ?an ! moon wad+ ?r\gh fleecy cl\ds on a s]5e summ]'s night8 ,b p>don me1 we are =gett+ my m\nta9s1 ^u :i* ,i insi/ z /rongly z y d ^u y\r inhabitants4 ,! m\nta9s h ?is advantage t !y are v real1 & no ex]cise ( ! imag9ation is requir$ to br+ !m cle>ly be=e u4 ,9 photograph ,no4 #h !y are all visible4 ,! ,ap5n9es1 ! greate/ ( !m1 />t f ! ea/]n end ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 & run 9 a slightly curv$ l9e s\!a/w>d1 a di/ance ( ab\t #dej miles4 ,!y =m ! s+ul> ornam5t :i* ! ,moon ,maid5 7or %all we n[ call h] ,hel5 ( ,troy87 we>s ^u h] =ehead4 ,turn ! photograph upside d[n s t ! moon is pres5t$ z ! nak$ eye sees x 9 ! sky1 & y w f9d t1 al?\gh he aim$ only to be sci5tifically exact & to exclude ev]y?+ b ! real facts1 ,mr4 ,wallace has produc$ an excell5t picture ( ?is wond]ful face 9 ! moon40 8,b :at is t face80 8,x is humanity project$ ^u ! moon4 ,x is a lesson on ! p[]s ( ! imag9ation4 ,we p]ceive a c]ta9 collocation ( m\nta9s1 peaks1 & pla9s on ! disk ( ! moon1 & our fancy sees 9 !m a human lik5ess4 ,we %\ld congratulate ourselves t we are able to d ?is4 ,x is a k9d ( pro( ( sup]iority4 ,_m brute animals d n recognize ev5 _! own lik5esses 9 a mirror1 mu* less 9 a picture4 ,b ! ,moon ,maid5 is p]haps z real z y\r inhabitants40 8,i am n prep>$ to confess t yet40 8,v well1 let u g on4 ,! lun> ,caucasus is ! broad]1 b %ort]1 range ( m\nta9s at ! nor!a/]n corn] ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 & ! ,alps ext5d ea/w>d f ! ,caucasus to a conspicu\s d>k oval close to ! t]m9ator1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable =mations on ! moon1 & :i*1 :5 we come to /udy x 9 "o ( ! l>g] photographs1 w probably int]e/ y deeply because x is "o ( ! places :]e rec5t /udies h discov]$ indications ( :at may possibly be "s =m ( lun> life4 ,i wi% n[ to direct y\r att5tion to ! c5tral & upp] p>ts ( ! photograph4 ,runn+ d[nw>d f ! s\?1 a little we/ ( ! t]m9ator1 y w p]ceive a d\ble r[ ( imm5se r+s & r+ pla9s4 ,!y are n only rem>kable individually1 b q z rem>kable = _! juxtaposition 9 two long ranges4 ,among !m1 9 ! we/]nmo/ r[1 are ?ree or f\r ^: names y may rememb]--,maurolycus1 ,/fl]1 ,aliac5sis & ,w]n]4 ,/ill l>g] ones are includ$ 9 ! ea/]n r[1 ! l>ge/ ( all be+ at ! bottom4 ,x is r a hexagon ?an a circle4 ,x is #aae miles 9 diamet]1 & ! flat pla9 inside ! bord]+ m\nta9s conta9s ab\t #i1jjj squ>e miles4 ,by close inspection y w p]ceive a small crat] m\nta9 ne> ! nor?we/]n side4 ,?is imm5se wall$ pla9 is nam$ ,ptolemu aft] a great a/ronom] ( antiquity1 ! au?or ( ! ,ptolemic sy/em1 :i* treat$ ! e>? z ! c5t] ( ! univ]se4 8,/ill m int]e/+ are ! ?+s visible f>!r s\?4 ,y _c fail to rem>k a v beautiful r+1 a p]fect circle1 brightly illum9at$ on ! ea/]n side1 & hav+ a bright po9t symmetrically plac$ 9 ! exact c5t]4 ,x is nam$ ,ty*o1 aft] ano!r great a/ronom]1 & is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! mo/ p]fect crat] r+ on ! moon4 ,x is #ed miles 9 diamet]1 & its walls are ab\t #ag1jjj feet high on ! inn] side1 m ?an a ?\s& feet high] ?an ,mt4 ,blanc1 ! giant ( ! t]re/rial ,alps4 ,its c5tral m\nta9 is #e1jjj feet high4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ?+ ab\t ,ty*o is ! va/ sy/em ( #8rays' or b&s :i* seem to %oot out f x 9 all directions1 trav]s+ ! surface ( ! moon1 nor?1 s\?1 ea/1 & we/ = hundr$s ( miles1 & nev] turn+ aside on acc\nt ( any ob/acle4 ,!y lie /raight across m\nta9s1 valleys1 & pla9s4 ,we h already se5 "o ( !m1 ! l>ge/ ( all p]haps1 cross+ ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis & ! ,lacus ,somniorum1 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e ( ! moon4 ,nobody kn[s exactly :at ^! rays mean or :at !y consi/ (4 ,we %all f ?is "t on see !m 9 all ! photographs t we exam9e1 & lat] ,i %all h m to say ab\t !m1 & ! speculations to :i* !y h giv5 rise4 8,ab\t half way betwe5 ,ty*o & ! s\? pole ( ! moon1 y w see an enorm\s irregul> pla91 ) l(ty brok5 walls1 int]rupt$ by a numb] ( crat] r+s4 ,sev]al simil> r+s also appe> 9 ! int]ior ( ! pla94 ,if ,ty*o is ! mo/ p]fect 9 =m ( ! lun> crat] r+s1 ?is great inclosure1 :i* is nam$ ,clavius1 is ! f9e/ example ( ! wall$ valleys4 ,x is m ?an #adj miles across1 & cov]s an area ( n less ?an #af1jjj squ>e miles4 ,two ( ! r+s )9 x1 :i* seem s small 9 comp>ison1 are #be miles across4 ,a small] wall$ pla91 yet "o ( really imm5se size1 is se5 half way betwe5 ,ty*o & ,clavius1 & f>!r f ! t]m9ator ?an ei!r ( !m4 ,?is is ,mag9us1 & x possesses ! peculi>ity t at full moon x practically disappe>s60 8,b h[ c t be possible8 ,i see no?+ beh9d :i* x c be hidd540 8,x is ! sunlight t hides x4 ,y mu/ h notic$ already t ! r+s & m\nta9s are be/ se5 :5 at no great di/ance f ! t]m9ator1 because !re ! sunlight /rikes across !m at a l[ angle1 & _! %ad[s are ?r[n %>ply ^u ! adjo9+ slopes & levels4 ,look at ! we/]n "p ( ! moon 9 ! photograph be=e u4 ,_m ( ! huge r+s & wall$ pla9s t 7 s /rik+ 9 appe>ance :5 ! sun 0 ris+ ^u !m are n[ b>ely visible4 ,langr5us & ,petavius1 = in/ance1 h become no m ?an :iti% blot*es1 & ev5 ,!ophilus is no long] conspicu\s4 ,! reason is because :5 ! sunlight falls v]tically ^u any "p ( ! moon !re are no %ad[s !re1 & )\t %ad[s !re c be no appe>ance ( relief4 ,!n ! mightie/ m\nta9s are almo/ lo/ f sight 9 ! univ]sal gl>e4 ,! same ?+ w\ld be app>5t if y 7 susp5d$ above ! e>? at a great height 9 a balloon & look+ d[n ^u ! tops ( ! sn[clad ,rockies4 ,)\t %ad[s s]v+ to reveal _! true "* & to ?r[ _! outl9es 9 silh\ette ^u ! adjac5t pla9s1 !y w\ld resemble only :ite spots & l9es on ! g5]ally d>k] expanse ( ! cont95t4 ,b ,mag9us is an extreme case4 ,ow+ to ! relatively small elevation ( its walls1 & _! brok5-up /ate1 & ow+ also1 probably1 to a simil>ity ( color betwe5 ! m\nta9 r+ & ! inclos$ pla91 :5 ! light is v]tical ^u !m1 z at ! "t ( ,full ,moon1 !y bl5d toge!r & become b>ely di/+ui%able f "o ano!r1 & f ! surr\nd+ surface ( ! moon4 8,take n[ photograph ,no4 #i4 ,! age ( ! moon "h is actually less ?an x 0 9 ! photograph t we la/ exam9$1 yet1 9 consequ5ce ( libration1 :i* has caus$ ! moon1 9 effect1 to roll a little to "o side1 ! sunlight is f>!r advanc$ t[>d ! ea/1 & we see _m features ( ! lun> _w t be=e _h n yet em]g$ f night4 ,clavius y w notice is mu* m fully illum9at$4 ,see h[ di/9ctly ! %ad[ ( its va/ we/]n wall is ca/ ^u ! floor ( ! valley )91 :ile ! opposite ea/]n wall ) its imm5se cliffs & precipices gl[s 9 full sun%9e1 its %ad[1 ?r[n t[>d ! ea/1 bl5d+ ) ! d>kness ( night /ill cov]+ t side ( ! moon4 ,s\!a/ ( ,ty*o1 :i* is beautifully %[n "h1 two o!r great wall$ pla9s h come into view4 ,! upp]mo/ ( ^! is ,longomontanus & ! o!r ,wilhelm ,i4 ,= a consid]able di/ance bel[ ^! 7t[>d ! nor?7 ! surface cont9ues brok5 ) r+s & crat]s1 b at l5g? ^! give place to a d>k1 level expanse4 ,?is is a "p ( ! ,m>e ,nubium1 or #8,sea ( ,cl\ds4'0 8,n q s romantic a "n z "s ( ! o!rs10 rem>k$ my fri5d1 8b /ill ,i ?9k ,i c be sure t ,riccioli _h no?+ to d ) ! selection4 ,!re is c]ta9ly some?+ poetic 9 ! idea ( a sea ( cl\ds40 8,x is a v beautiful region :5 exam9$ ) a telescope10 ,i cont9u$1 8& its m\nta9\s %ores conta9 _m int]e/+ =mations4 ,f>!r nor?1 y w obs]ve1 ne> ! t]m9ator1 & app>5tly ly+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,m>e ,nubium1 a l>ge r+1 z p]fect 9 =m z ,ty*o itself4 ,?is is a v fam\s object1 & x be>s ! "n ( ! great a/ronom] ,cop]nicus1 :o ov]?rew ! ,ptolemic sy/em & e/abli%$ 9 its place ! true idea ( ! sol> sy/em1 namely1 t ! sun is its c5t]1 :ile ! e>? & ! o!r planets revolve z satellites ar\nd him40 8,surely10 said my fri5d1 8,cop]nicus des]v$ to h 8 "n plac$ 9 ! moon1 & v conspicu\sly1 too40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #i4 ,,augu/ #b1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #h4ig ,,days4 8,x c\ld n h be5 made m conspicu\s10 ,i repli$1 8= ! situation ( ! great r+ m\nta9 call$ ,cop]nicus1 9 ! mid/ ( an imm5se level expanse1 makes x "o ( ! mo/ m>k$ features ( ! lun> _w4 ,cop]nicus is ! subject ( "o ( ! l>g] photographs t we are go+ to exam9e lat]1 & ,i res]ve a description ( its peculi>ities4 ,nor? ( ,cop]nicus y w obs]ve app>5tly a cont9uation ( ! ,m>e ,nubium4 ,b x is really ano!r #8sea' t we are look+ ^u !re1 ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 #8,sea ( ,ra9s4' ,! baylike projection t runs out into ! bright highl&s we/ ( ,cop]nicus be>s ! "n ( ! ,s9us ,m$ii1 #8,c5tral ,gulf1' & ! "o j bel[ x is ! ,s9us /uum1 #8,gulf ( ,heats1' :i* is c]ta9ly sugge/ive ( dog days on ! moon4 ,obs]ve t ! ,s9us /uum m]ges on ! we/ ) a d>k1 oval area1 :i* is call$ ! ,m>e ,vaporum1 #8,sea ( ,mi/s4' ,x is "o ( ! d>ke/ di/ricts on ! moon4 ,if y w n[ turn ! photograph upside d[n y w f9d t ! ,s9us ,m$ii con/itutes ! d>k eye ( ! ,moon ,maid51 :ile ! ,s9us /uum & ! ,m>e ,vaporum =m t portion ( h] hair :i* droops ^u h] =ehead40 8,:y n frankly call x frizz$80 8,because ,i fe>$ t y w\ld n consid] t a suffici5tly poetic t]m40 8,b ,i f9d poetry en\gh 9 ! names #8,gulf ( ,heats' & #8,sea ( ,mi/s4' ,my admiration = ! man :o c\ld ?9k ( su* appellations cont9ually increases40 8,!n please rev]se ! photograph1 = we mu/ n lose ourselves 9 dreams4 ,y w notice t ! range ( ! lun> ,ap5n9es runs betwe5 ! ,m>e ,vaporum & ! ,s9us /uum on "o side1 & ! ,m>e ,imbrium on ! o!r4 ,! entire *a9 ( ! ,ap5n9es is beautifully %[n "h4 ,!y are exce$+ly /eep on ! side fac+ ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 & gigantic peaks /&+ ^u _! long wall ca/ imm5se %ad[s ov] ! #8sea4' ,_! s\?we/]n slopes are comp>atively g5tle1 ris+ gradually f ! level ( ! ,m>e ,vaporum4 ,at _! upp] or s\!rn end1 9 ! direction ( ,cop]nicus1 !y sudd5ly t]m9ate ) a beautiful r+1 :i* is call$ ,erato/h5es4 ,?is is a f9e example ( ! disk or cup %ape ( ! lun> volcano4 ,! bottom ( ,erato/h5es lies #h1jjj feet bel[ ! level ( ! surr\nd+ ,m>e1 :ile peaks on its wall are z mu* z #ae1jjj or #af1jjj feet 9 height4 ,betwe5 ! l[] end ( ! ,ap5n9es & ! upp] end ( ! ,caucasus ,m\nta9s a /rait op5s a broad1 level way betwe5 ! ,m>e ,imbrium & ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis4 ,on "o ( ! l>ge photographs ^! two #8seas' & ! /rait connect+ !m are repres5t$ 9 all _! picturesque details1 z y w see :5 we come to /udy !m4 ,i promise y at t "t a free re9 to y\r imag9ation & pl5ty ( room = its flights4 ,on ! nor!rn bord] ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium & close to ! t]m9ator we see once m ! rem>kable oval valley to :i* ,i ref]r$ :5 po9t+ out ! lun> ,alps1 & :i* be>s ! "n ( ,plato4 ,i call y\r att5tion to x & also1 aga91 to ,cop]nicus1 9 ord] t y may comp>e _! appe>ance "h ) t :i* !y pres5t 9 ! next photograph1 tak5 :5 ! moon's age 0 elev5 & ?ree-qu>t] days40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #aj4 ,,novemb] #cj1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #aa4gh ,,days4 ,we h]eupon turn$ to photograph ,no4 #aj4 8,n[10 ,i cont9u$1 8obs]ve ! diff]5ce t "s two days' advance ( ! sunlight has produc$4 ,plato is f> )9 ! illum9at$ "p ( ! disk1 & x looks d>k] ?an be=e4 ,cop]nicus1 on ! o!r h&1 :i* appe>$ z a %>p r+ ) "o bord] d>k :5 x 0 ne> ! sunrise l9e1 has n[ become a r\nd1 :ite spot1 some:at d>k] 9 ! c5t]1 ) a great grayi% splatt] surr\nd+ x ^u ! surface ( ! ,m>e4 ,9 ! meantime1 ov] ne>ly ! :ole ext5t ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium ! sun has ris5 & two o!r m>es h made _! appe>ance1 "o ( :i*1 ext5d+ across half ! wid? ( ! ea/]n hemisph]e1 might be call$ ! ,pacific ,ocean ( ! moon1 if x _h any wat]4 ,x is nam$ ! ,oceanus ,procell>um1 ! #8,ocean ( ,tempe/s1' :ile at its s\!rn extremity a v d>k ne>ly circul> expanse1 inclos$ ) m\nta9s1 be>s ! "n ( ! ,m>e ,humorum1 #8,sea ( ,humors4'0 8,evid5tly ! a/ronom] :o be/[$ t "n 0 n 9 a jok+ mood else he w\ld surely h call$ x ! #8,sea ( ,humor4'0 8,no1 app>5tly he 0 9 deep e>ne/4 ,b :at k9d ( humors he 0 ?9k+ ( ,i _c tell4 ,p]haps ! "n occurr$ to him because ! ,m>e ,humorum is ! d>ke/ ( all ! great levels on ! moon4 ,x is v conspicu\s to ! nak$ eye at ,full ,moon4 ,y w p]ceive t ,ty*o has n[ become ! mo/ prom95t ( all ! r+s on ! moon4 ,x w ma9ta9 ?is di/9ction & cont9ue to ga9 9 conspicu\sness up to ! "t ( ,full ,moon4 ,se5 z we n[ see x1 ,ty*o manife/ly m]its ! appellation sometimes be/[$ ^u x ( ! #8metropolitan crat] ( ! moon4' ,notice h[ bright ! my/]i\s b&s radiat+ f x h become4 ,! high] ! sun rises ^u !m ! m brilliantly !y gl[1 almo/ z if !y 7 /reaks ( new-fall5 sn[4 ,!y spread ov] ! :ole ( ! s\?we/]n qu>t] ( ! moon1 hid+ r+s & m\nta9s ) _! brightness4 ,"o v notable ray runs d[n into ! ,m>e ,nubium1 & a fa9t] "o p>allel ) x produces ! semblance ( a long1 wall$ way4 8,! ,s\? ,pole ( ! moon lies 9 ! mid/ ( a m>vel\sly upheav$ & tumbl$ region1 :]e "o huge r+ is se5 break+ into ano!r on e h&4 ,"o ( ^! r+s1 nam$ ,newton--x lies j on ! upp] edge ( ! disk1 s\? ( ,clavius--surr\nds ! deepe/ kn[n depression on ! moon4 ,its bottom s9ks to a dep? ( #bd1jjj feet bel[ ! highe/ po9t on ! wall4 ,?is gigantic hole is s pr(\nd t1 situat$ :]e x is1 close to ! pole1 :]e ! sun c nev] rise v high1 its dep?s rema9 =ev] buri$ 9 night4 ,x is ! v ideal ( a dungeon1 = if y 7 imprison$ at ! bottom y w\ld nev] see ei!r ! sun or ! e>?40 8,y make me %udd]6 ,truly1 aft] all1 ! moon appe>s to be a _w fill$ ) dreadful ?+s4 ,:o w\ld ev] imag9e x1 see+ h[ s]5e & beautiful %e is 9 a calm night80 8,yet is !re n a k9d ( beauty ev5 9 ^? ?+s1 l ! abyss ( ,newton1 :i* appall y only :5 y "k ! real facts ab\t !m8 ,!re is a c]ta9 grace 9 _! %apes & outl9es1 & a great attraction = ! eye 9 _! contra/s ( light & %ad[4 ,x is ! same sort ( attraction :i* we f9d 9 su* t]re/rial sc5es z ! ,yosemite ,valley view$ f ,inspiration ,po9t1 or ! awful dep?s & *asms ( ! ,gr& ,caon ( ! ,colorado4 ,! pres5ce ( man & 8 works is n always ess5tial 9 ord] to fix our att5tion ^u ! wond]s ( nature4 ,_! v gr&eur exalts u until we =get our little race & its ephem]al a*ievem5ts40 8,/ill1 ,i hope t y w %[ me some?+ on ! moon less awe-inspir+ & suit$ to awak5 m quiet ?\ghts1 & especially to reassure me conc]n+ my lun>ians1 z ,i suppose y w\ld call !m40 8,y %all n be kept long 9 expectation4 ,turn y\r eyes once m to ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,y w obs]ve t its nor!rn %ore consi/s ( a s]ies ( curves1 ea* t]m9at+ ) a promontory project+ into ! sea4 ,:5 look+ at x ,i am (t5 rem9d$ ( an entranc+ view :i* ,i once enjoy$ f ! summit ( ,mt4 ,etna ov] ! isl& ( ,sicily4 ,f t great elevation ne>ly ! :ole ea/]n & s\!a/]n coa/ ( ! isl& 0 visible z ^u a map4 ,! ind5t$ %ore /ret*$ away 9 long1 graceful curves1 :]e ! blue ,m$it]ranean contra/$ %>ply ) ! yell[ s&s1 & ! eye1 w&]+ f ,catania to ,syracuse1 0 en*ant$ ) ! beauty ( ^? geometric l9es4 ,b ! w9d+ coa/ ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium is f> long] ?an ! %ores ( ,sicily1 & ! m\nta9s & cliffs bord]+ x are m wond]ful ?an any correspond+ sc5es on ! e>?4 ,i wi%1 p>ticul>ly1 to h y look at ! ea/]nmo/ ( ! ind5tations on ! nor!rn side ( ! m>e4 ,x be>s a designation t mu/ surely please y\r imag9ation4 ,x is ! ,s9us ,iridum1 #8,gulf or ,bay ( ,ra9b[s4'0 8,i recognize ! "w ( my old fri5d ! unkn[n a/ronom]4 ,v]ily he _h a poetic s\l6 ,& he has writt5 8 poem on ! *>t ( ! moon1 = ^? to read :o c40 8,x is a *>m+ l&scape t ! telescope reveals !re10 ,i said1 8ev5 ?\gh no ra9b[s are visible40 8,b y w n d5y t !y may once h spann$ t bay & its %ores ) _! exquisite ar*es80 8,no1 ,i %all n d5y s pleas+ a possibility4 ,i w only say t x lies beyond ! k51 & ev5 outside ! field1 ( sci5ce40 8,!n ,i reg>d x z =tunate t he 0 n too exclusive 9 8 devotion to sci5ce1 = !n he c\ld nev] h se5 ! ra9b[s ) ! eye ( fancy1 & y\r *>ts w\ld n h be5 adorn$ ) s delightful a "n40 8,let me tell y ab\t ?is bay or gulf10 ,i said1 tapp+ ! photograph to recall h] f h] rev]ie4 8,y obs]ve t x t]m9ates at ea* end ) a promontory4 ,t at ! we/]n end is nam$ ,laplace1 & ! o!r ,h]aclides4 ,! latt] is ! m picturesque4 ,if ev] y h an opportunity to see ! moon ) a good telescope d n fail to look at ! promontory ( ,h]aclides1 = if y are =tunate 9 ! *oice ( ! "t ( obs]vation :5 ! sett+ sun is ?r[+ its %ad[ ov] ! adjo9+ #8bay1' y w f9d t ! s]rat$ outl9es ( ! promontory repres5t1 9 a v /rik+ mann]1 ! pr(ile ( a woman1 m %>ply def9$ ?an ! face ( our famili> ,moon ,maid51 b a m]e m9iature 9 relative size4 ,! %ores ( ! ,s9us ,iridum are bord]$ ) high cliffs1 beh9d :i* rise ! peaks ( a mighty m\nta9 mass4 ,j back ( ! c5t] ( ! great b[$ %ore ( ! #8bay' appe>s1 9 ! photograph1 a small1 bright crat] r+4 ,?is be>s ! "n ( ,bian*9i4 ,x is a lun> volcano1 #ah miles 9 diamet]1 ris+ out ( ! mid/ ( _m ranges ( ne>ly p>allel hills & m\nta9s1 ! g5]al direction ( :i* corresponds ) t ( ! %ore ( ! #8bay4' ,if !re is any place on ! moon :]e "o is tempt$ to ?9k t ! sc5es ( a liv+ _w might once h be5 witness$ x is ! ,s9us ,iridum & its neighborhood4 ,its latitude is betwe5 #dj & #ej nor?1 correspond+ ) ! mo/ ?ickly populat$ zone ( our own globe4 ,! surface ( ! #8bay'--once its bottom1 if we admit t x 0 ev] fill$ ) wat]--is g5tly undulat+1 ) w9d+ ridges t sugge/ ! action ( tides & curr5ts 9 sweep+ to & fro deposits ( s& & gravel1 & pil+ !m 9 long r[s ( b>s & %all[s4 ,"o c h>dly help pictur+ 9 ! m9d's eye waves break+ on ! curv+ bea* & da%+ aga9/ ! project+ rocks ( ! promontories2 a :ite city seat$ j at ! c5t] ( ! %ore ( ! #8bay1' ne> ,bian*9i1 l ,naples at ! feet ( ,vesuvius2 a ri* vegetation cov]+ ! slopes ( ! m\nta9 valleys1 & romantic sails dott+ ! #8bay' & ! neighbor+ #8sea4'0 8,i am v glad to obs]ve10 int]rupt$ my fri5d1 8t y are n hopelessly prejudic$ aga9/ my op9ion t ! moon has n always be5 #8dead1' z y call x40 8,i am s f> f x10 ,i repli$1 8t ,i am half dispos$ to admit t %e is n altoge!r dead ev5 yet4 ,b x is my duty to keep y z close z possible to ! kn[n facts4 ,we %all see ! ,m>e ,imbrium & ! neighborhood ( ! #8,bay ( ,ra9b[s' aga94 ,mean:ile1 suppose we turn to ! next photograph ( ! s]ies1 ,no4 #aa4 ,! age ( ! moon "h is ab\t ?irte5 days4 ,%e is fa/ approa*+ ! phase ( ,full ,moon4 ,! fir/ ?+ to :i* ,i w\ld direct y\r att5tion n[ is ! exce$+ly brilliant po9t ( light :i* has come into view ne> ! t]m9ator1 a little nor? ( ea/ :]e ! ,m>e ,imbrium m]ges into ! ,oceanus ,procell>um4 ,9 sev]al ways ?is is ! mo/ notewor?y object on ! moon4 ,x l$ ! fam\s ,engli% a/ronom]1 ,sir ,william ,h]s*el1 to believe t he _h se5 an active volcano on our satellite4 ,he navely wrote 9 8 notebook on a c]ta9 occasion3 #8,! volcano gl[s m brightly to-night6' ,yet x is no m active ?an ! o!r crat]s & crat] r+s 9 ! lun> _w4 ,x is only extraord9>ily1 almo/ incr$ibly brilliant--by f> ! mo/ dazzl+ po9t on ! moon4 ,x is a r+ m\nta91 & is nam$ ,ari/>*us4 ,x has a ne> neighbor1 b>ely visible 9 ?is photograph1 close by t[>d ! ea/ nam$ ,h]odotus4 ,h]odotus is by no means rem>kable = brilliancy4 ,! c5tral peak & a "p ( ! floor & ! ea/ wall ( ,ari/>*us consi/ ( "s mat]ial--nobody c tell :at x is--:i* gleams 9 ! sunlight1 ,i _h almo/ said l diamonds1 al?\gh t w\ld be an exagg]ation4 ,!re are ?ree or f\r o!r crat] r+s on ! moon1 includ+ ,proclus1 :i* are also v brilliant1 b n "o ( !m c be reg>d$ z a rival ( ,ari/>*us4 ,its p[] ( reflection is s great t x is ev5 visible ) a telescope 9 ! lun> night1 :5 ! only light ( any consequ5ce t rea*es x is t s5t f ! e>?4 ,x 01 inde$1 ?is fact :i* misl$ ,h]s*el4 ,he saw ,ari/>*us %9+ on ! night side ( ! moon1 & naturally ?\ght t only ! fires ( an active volcano c\ld h r5d]$ x ?us visible40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #aa4 ,,decemb] #a1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #ab4ih ,,days4 8,& are y sure t he 0 mi/ak580 8,positively4 ,!re is no fire 9 ,ari/>*us1 & has be5 none = ages40 8,b :y d n a/ronom]s und]take to f9d out :at x is t makes ,ari/>*us s brilliant1 !n80 8,!y h almo/ no data to g ^u4 ,y %\ld be in=m$ t ev5 ! greate/ telescopes1 ) _! highe/ p[]s1 are unable to br+ ! moon )9 less ?an an app>5t di/ance ( say =ty miles4 ,at su* a di/ance x is manife/ly impossible to tell ( :at a lun> =mation consi/s4 ,we _c analyze ! moon ) ! spectroscope z we c ! sun & ! />s1 because %e does n %9e ) h] own inh]5t light4 ,we c only inf] t a l>ge "p ( ! sub/ance ( ,ari/>*us consi/s ( some?+ :i* reflects a v great proportion ( ! light t falls ^u x4 ,if a m\nta9 on ! e>? 7 compos$ ( a va/ mass ( cry/als1 or ( b>e poli%$ metal1 we might expect x to pres5t1 :5 se5 f ! moon1 "s su* appe>ance z we notice :5 we look at ,ari/>*us4 8,9 ?is photograph ! ,s9us ,iridum1 hav+ ! sun high] above x1 is m brilliantly illum9at$ ?an 9 ,no4 #aj4 ,p>ticul>ly y w notice ! brightness ( ! l9e ( cliffs along its ea/]n curve1 t]m9at+ at ! promontory ( ,h]aclides40 8,t is ! promontory :i* pres5ts ! pr(ile ( a woman's face1 if ,i recall correctly :at y told me40 8,yes4 ,please obs]ve also t ! oval ( ,plato is z d>k z ev]1 :ile ,cop]nicus has1 if possible1 increas$ 9 brightness1 & ! great splatt] ( brok5 rays ar\nd x seems to h ext5d$ f>!r ov] ! surr\nd+ m>ia4 ,almo/ directly ea/ ( ,cop]nicus1 9 ! ,oceanus ,procell>um1 appe>s a mu* small] crat] r+1 ,kepl]1 :i* resembles a m9iature ( ,cop]nicus because x1 too1 is encircl$ ) a k9d ( corona ( %ort1 bright rays4 ,cop]nicus1 ,kepl]1 & ,ari/>*us m>k ! corn]s ( a l>ge triangle4 ,speak+ ( rays recalls u to ,ty*o4 ,y w see t1 z ,i told y1 ?is wond]ful =mation gr[s 9 relative prom95ce :5 ! p]iod ( ,full ,moon approa*es4 ,its r+$ wall & c5tral m\nta9 are obscur$ by _! own brilliance1 :ile ! gigantic sy/em ( bright b&s1 or rays1 :i* h _! c5t] ( orig9 at ,ty*o1 is gradually becom+ ! ma/] feature ( ! bright "p ( ! moon4 8,i h told y t ! ,m>e ,humorum1 :i* is v %>ply def9$ 9 ! picture be=e u1 is ! d>ke/ ( all ! level areas t g "u ! "n ( #8seas4' ,x is n1 h[ev]1 ! d>ke/ spot on ! moon4 ,!re are sev]al places :]e ! surface appe>s1 at times1 mu* duski] ?an 9 any "p ( ! ,m>e ,humorum4 ,?ree or f\r ( ^! are cle>ly disc]nible 9 ?is photograph4 ,!y lie we/w>d f ,cop]nicus 9 ! ,s9us ,m$ii1 ! ,s9us /uum1 & ! ,m>e ,vaporum4 ,_! dusky hue /rikes ! eye at once4 ,!y give ! impression ( s9k holes4 ,no special "n is atta*$ to !m1 b !y mu/ h be5 evid5t to ! fir/ obs]v]s1 ) ! smalle/ telescopes1 & x is r surpris+ !y %\ld h escap$ special designation on ! lun> *>ts4 ,a fact :i* w especially int]e/ y is t "s obs]v]s look ^u ^! & o!r dusky areas on ! moon z be+1 possibly1 indications ( ! exi/5ce ( "s k9d ( vegetation !re40 8,b if !re is vegetation !re may be o!r k9ds ( life also1 may !re n80 8,ah1 ,i h n said positively t !re is vegetation1 b if !re is !n y\r conclusion z to o!r life may be correct4 ,glance next at ! upp] "p ( ! disk along ! t]m9ator4 ,two or ?ree broad oval r+s h come into view !re4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! ) its long ea/]n wall ly+ exactly on ! l9e betwe5 day & night is an extremely int]e/+ =mation1 be>+ ! "n ( ,s*ick>d4 ,! pla9 )9 ! r+ is almo/ l>ge en\gh to h be5 call$ a #8sea' or at lea/ a #8lake4' ,x is ab\t #acd miles 9 diamet]1 & is 9 reality mu* m ne>ly circul> ?an x appe>s to be4 ,l all simil> =mations situat$ ne> ! #8limb' ( ! moon1 by :i* we mean ! edge z view$ f ! e>?1 x is greatly =e%ort5$ by p]spective4 ,! scale ( ! photograph is1 un=tunately1 n l>ge en\gh to reveal an unique ?+ 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ,s*ick>d1 t[>d ! s\!a/4 ,i ref] to :at1 z f> z its telescopic appe>ance goes1 might be describ$ z an enorm\s bubble--a bubble #ed miles 9 diamet]4 ,unlike ! o!r =mations ! surface ( ?is s+ul> r+ is elevat$ above ! g5]al level ( ! moon4 ,:5 we come to exam9e x 9 detail x h>dly answ]s1 p]haps1 to my designation ( a bubble1 s9ce ! edges are a little high] ?an ! c5t]1 giv+ x ! =m ( a %all[ di%4 ,if we c\ld visit x we %\ld f9d on approa*+ t we 7 climb+ ! slopes ( :at w\ld seem to be a *a9 ( l[ m\nta9s1 & on rea*+ ! summit we %\ld see be=e u an elevat$ circul> pla91 s9k+ gradually t[>d ! middle4 ,fill$ ) wat] x w\ld =m a %all[ lake ly+ on ! top ( a broad1 flat m\nta94 ,!re is no?+ else q l x on ! moon & c]ta9ly no?+ on ! e>?40 8,x mu/ h be5 a great curiosity 9 ! days :5 ! moon 0 inhabit$1 & ,i suppose t sci5tific #8lun>ians' organiz$ exp$itions to explore x40 8,p]haps1 if y *oose to reg>d x 9 t way4 ,n[ look aga9 at ! ,m>e ,humorum4 ,y p]ceive t its ea/]n side is l9$ ) m\nta9s & crat] r+s1 :ile ne> ! c5t] ( ! nor!rn bord] !re is a conspicu\s r+ ) a bright l9e runn+ f ! s\!rn edge to ! c5t]4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( lun> =mations1 & is nam$ ,gass5di4 ,x is a favorite object = ^? :o /udy ! moon ) telescopes on acc\nt ( ! great v>iety & s+ul>ity ( ! details visible )9 ! r+4 ,:5 y become a sel5ograph] & possess y\r own telescope y w f9d few ?+s m int]e/+ to /udy ?an ,gass5di4 8,next let u take up photograph ,no4 #ab4 ,"h ! moon is once m a little #8old]' ?an be=e1 & ! sunrise l9e has aga9 advanc$ a little ea/w>d4 ,?is advance does n appe> s rapid :5 ! t]m9ator is ne> ! moon's limb1 because1 on acc\nt ( ! r\nd+ away ( ! lun> globe1 ! illum9at$ surface is =e%ort5$ f our po9t ( view on ! e>?4 ,9 ?is photograph y p]ceive t ! wond]ful %9+ m\nta9 ,ari/>*us has become ev5 bright] ?an x 0 be=e1 or at lea/ x is m conspicu\s on acc\nt ( ! appe>ance ( :at seems to be a %ort ray %oot+ out f x 9 a s\!a/]ly direction4 ,!re is also a light spot j bel[ x :i* is caus$ by a little m\nta9 gr\p call$ ! ,h>b+] ,m\nta9s4 ,! bright ray connects ,ari/>*us ) its neighbor ,h]odotus1 ( :i* ,i spoke a little :ile ago4 ,!re is a v rem>kable feature ( ! moon "h1 n %[n 9 ! photograph1 b to :i* ,i mu/ briefly ref]4 ,x is an enorm\s cleft1 or crack1 or1 if y please1 caon1 :i* />ts f ,h]odotus1 ^: nor!rn wall seems to h be5 brok5 ?r\gh to give passage to x1 & goes w9d+ across ! surface ( ! ,oceanus ,procell>um ) sev]al %>p turns & angles = a total di/ance ( ne>ly a hundr$ miles4 ,:at produc$ ?is rem>kable *asm on ! moon x is difficult to say4 ,"s h sugge/$ t x may once h be5 ! b$ ( a riv]1 b !re are _m s]i\s objections to t view4 ,nev]!less1 !re seems to be little d\bt t if we 7 to visit ! moon we %\ld f9d1 9 _m ways1 a /rik+ resemblance betwe5 ?is prodigi\s caon & t ( ! ,colorado ,riv]40 8,& are n all ^! ?+s s anci5t1 z f> z y c tell1 t1 l ! t]rible volcanic r+s1 !y might h be5 =m$ be=e ! appe>ance ( inhabitants ^u ! moon80 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #ab4 ,,septemb] #d1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #ac4bg ,,days4 8,!y c]ta9ly seem to be v anci5t1 & ,i _c d5y ! possibility ( :at y say40 8,v well1 !n1 ,i1 = my "p1 am conv9c$ t curi\s eyes1 fill$ ) ! light ( intellig5ce1 h pe]$ d[n f ! v]ge ( t *asm into its fe>ful dep?s4 ,if y w n p]mit me ?is flight ( imag9ation ,i %all refuse to take any fur!r int]e/ 9 ! moon40 8,oh1 ,i %\ld n ?9k ( refus+4 ,imag9e :at y w1 & draw y\r own inf]5ces1 only rememb]+ t !y are n support$ by asc]ta9$ facts1 & probably nev] w be4 ,yet = all t !y may h an elem5t ( tru?40 8,p>don me = say+ t y\r a/ronomical sci5ce1 z f> z x conc]ns ! moon at lea/1 does n seem to me q satisfy+4 ,y are n bold en\gh 9 draw+ conclusions40 8,on ! contr>y _m a/ronom]s ?9k t "s ( _! bre?r5 are altoge!r too bold 9 t respect4 ,h[ev]1 x mu/ be freely confess$ t a/ronomical sci5ce1 except p]haps 9 its ma!matics1 is n satisfy+ ev5 to ^? :o h creat$ x4 ,nobody w\ld rejoice m s9c]ely ?an ! a/ronom] at ! discov]y ( evid5ce ( ! =m]1 or ev5 ! pres5t1 habitability ( ! moon4 ,x is surely a great disappo9tm5t t we h n be5 able to settle s app>5tly simple a "q 9 reg>d to our ne>e/ neighbor 9 ! sky40 8,!n if ,i 7 a multimillionaire ,i %\ld c]ta9ly devote sev]al ( my millions to ! con/ruction ( a telescope great & p[]ful en\gh to reveal s int]e/+ a secret40 8,) y\r great telescope y c\ld probably r5d] possible _m discov]ies at pres5t beyond our rea*4 ,b ! mightie/ telescope t y c\ld make w\ld enable no "o to see inhabitants on ! moon1 ev5 if !y exi/$40 8,n if x magnifi$ ! moon a million times80 8,no1 = optical imp]fections & ! di/urbances to cle> vision produc$ by our atmosph]e w\ld absolutely prohibit ! use ( any su* magnification4 ,& ev5 suppos+ t "o c\ld use a magnify+ p[] ( #a1jjj1jjj diamet]s 9 view+ ! moon1 h[ ne> d y ?9k t w\ld place u to ! lun> surface8 ,x w\ld /ill appe> to be m ?an a qu>t] ( a mile away40 8,t is n mu*4 ,i am sure ,i c see p at t di/ance40 8,oh1 yes1 b ! di/9ctness ( view w\ld be no?+ l s great z if y 7 look+ at ! same objects on ! e>?4 ,/ill1 if we c\ld obviate ! atmosph]ic & o!r difficulties1 a magnify+ p[] ( "o million w\ld c]ta9ly enable u to discov] ! works ( ! moon's inhabitants--_! h\ses1 _! fields1 _! plantations1 _! great e/abli%m5ts ( art & indu/ry4 ,b ,i assure y t a telescope ( su* p[] is a m]e dream4 ,x c\ld nev] be con/ruct$ )\t "s fundam5tally new & unhe>d-( discov]y 9 optics4 ,we %all d bett] to turn once m to our photographs :i*1 at lea/1 h no deceptions4 ,dropp+ ,no4 #ab1 we %all take up ,no4 #ac1 :i* br+s u practically to ! ,full ,moon phase4 ,! moon's age at ! "t ?is photograph 0 made 0 ne>ly f\rte5 & "o-half days4 ,y see t its :ole ea/w>d face is n[ ly+ 9 ! sunlight4 ,! m>* ( day across its surface has be5 complet$1 & on ! we/]n edge ( ! moon ! sun is ab\t to set1 :ile on ! ea/]n edge x is j ris+4 ,among ! new ?+s t h come into view is a conspicu\s d>k oval1 %ap$ l ,plato1 b v mu* l>g]1 ne> ! ea/]n edge4 ,?is is a wall$ pla9 nam$ ,grimaldi1 & x enjoys ! di/9ction ( be+ ! d>ke/ on ! moon4 ,ne> x on ! nor!a/ & consequ5tly clos] to ! limb is ano!r wall$ pla91 :i* ,i promis$ "s "t ago to po9t out to y because x be>s ! "n ( ! a/ronom] ,riccioli1 ! great be/[] ( names on ! moon1 & ^u ^: lack ( imag9ation y h s sev]ely comm5t$4 ,b1 z y h already le>n$1 ! "t ( ,full ,moon is n ! be/ = /udy+ ! m\nta9s & r+s1 because !n ! light /rikes too ne>ly v]tical ^u !m & !y ca/ no %ad[s4 ,b x is ! be/ "t = see+ ! broad g5]al features ( ! lun> surface4 ,turn ! picture upside d[n aga91 ?us br++ ! disk into its natural position z se5 ) ! nak$ eye1 & ?is photograph %[s ! moon v mu* z x appe>s ) a small pocket telescope1 or ) a p[]ful b9ocul>4 ,! new prism b9ocul>s t h come into use )9 ! pa/ few ye>s are excell5t = g5]al views ( ! moon4 ,_! def9+ p[]s are sup]b1 & "o :o has nev] se5 ! moon ) su* a glass is always greatly surpris$ & delight$ ) ! view :i* x af=ds4 ,y see n[ t ,ty*o =ms a blaz+ broo*1 re/+ on ! ,maid5's neck1 :ile its rays ext5d across h] pr(ile1 & ! long "o ly+ ov] ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis be>s "s resemblance to a p9 display$ 9 h] hair1 ) ! crat] r+1 ,m5elaus1 glitt]+ at its l[] end4 ,! o!r bright po9t1 to ! left ( ,m5elaus 7we w h5ce=? keep ! picture rev]s$71 is a r+ m\nta9 nam$ ,manilius4 ,aft] ! detail$ /udy :i* we h giv5 to ! v>i\s #8seas' & =mations y %\ld be able to recognize !m ) ! picture 9 ?is position1 & ,i wi% t y %\ld d s because1 z ,i h j rem>k$1 ?is is ! position ( ! ,full ,moon z x is always se5 ) ! nak$ eye or ) a simple b9ocul>1 = ! latt] does n rev]se x1 z does a telescope4 ,! we/]n edge is n[ at ! "r h&1 & ! nor? at ! top4 ,all ! m>es are cle>ly visible4 ,on ! "r ! ,m>e ,crisium1 ! ,m>e ,fcunditatis1 ! ,m>e ,nect>is & ! ,m>e ,tranquillitatis2 9 ! c5t]1 above1 ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis2 on ! left ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 ! ,m>e ,vaporum1 ! ,m>e ,nubium1 ! ,m>e ,humorum1 & ! ,oceanus ,procell>um4 ,! two bright spots on ! "r1 l[] ?an ! ,m>e ,fcunditatis1 are ,petavius & a neighbor+ r+4 ,v5del9us =ms a less brilliant spot at ! we/]n edge ( an ext5sion ( ! ,m>e ,fcunditatis1 & ,langr5us is di/9ctly se5 on ! we/]n %ore ( ! ma9 body ( t m>e4 ,proclus & ! rem>kable diamond ( ! #8,m>% ( a ,dream' are v pla9 j "u ! l>ge oval ( ! ,m>e ,crisium4 ,! m\nta9s & cliffs encircl+ ! ,m>e ,imbrium on ! we/1 nor?1 & ea/ y w recognize at a glance4 ,! d>k ,plato is conspicu\s 9 ! light] m\nta9\s area nor? ( ?is #8sea1' & ! semicircle ( ! #8,bay ( ,ra9b[s' is %>ply def9$4 ,f>!r nor? is ! long1 d>k ,m>e ,frigoris1 ^: ea/]n end m]ges into ! broad ,oceanus ,procell>um4 ,ari/>*us appe>s z a v bright po9t 9 ?is #8ocean1' & f> to ! "r ( ,ari/>*us1 t[>d ! c5t] ( ! disk1 ,cop]nicus1 ) its splatt] ( irregul> rays1 is conspicu\s4 ,foll[+ ! ea/]n limb r\nd t[>d ! s\? we see aga9 ! d>k oval ( ,grimaldi1 beyond :i* ! bright m\nta9\s region broad5s z we approa* ! ,s\? ,pole4 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #ac4 ,,septemb] #e1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #ad4dj ,,days4 8,!re is j "o o!r ?+ on :i* ,i %\ld l to dwell a little :ile we h ! ,full ,moon be=e u4 ,i h already ref]r$ to x once or twice--,i mean ! sy/em ( bright rays or b&s radiat+ f ,ty*o4 ,^! rays1 z ,i h told y1 are among ! greate/ my/]ies ( ! moon4 ,_! appe>ance is s s+ul> &1 if ,i may s describe x1 unnatural1 t :5 ! fir/ photographs ( ! ,full ,moon 7 publi%$1 "s p]sons actually ?\ght t !y 7 be+ impos$ ^u4 ,!y imag9$ t ! photograph] _h indulg$ 9 a practical joke1 by photograph+ a peel$ orange & dubb+ x #8! moon4' ,! my/]i\s rays d n />t f ! c5tral m\nta9 ( ,ty*o1 nor ev5 f ! r+ itself1 b f a consid]able di/ance outside ! r+4 ,nev]!less1 ,ty*o is manife/ly ! c5t] f :i* !y arise4 ,x looks z ?\gh "s irresi/ible =ce _h be5 focus$ at t po9t--a =ce t split ! moon along a hundr$ radiat+ l9es4 ,?is is1 9 sub/ance1 ! !ory ( ! ,engli% sel5ograph] ,nasmy?4 ,he suppos$ t1 ! lun> globe be+ bur/ by int]nal /ress1 molt5 lava well$ up & fill$ ! cracks4 ,aft] solidify+ ?is lava possess$ a light] color & great] reflect+ p[] ?an its surr\nd+s & ?us gave rise to ! appe>ance ( long b&s40 8,really1 y\r moon hi/ory seems to me to be made up ( extremely tragical *apt]s4 ,b ,i am cont5t z long z y put all ^! t]rific ev5ts suffici5tly f> 9 ! pa/ to leave "t = ! moon to h enjoy$ a diff]5t k9d ( hi/ory s9ce !y occurr$40 8,b10 ,i said1 8ev5 if ,i grant :at y wi%1 y mu/ admit t ! greate/ trag$y ( all succe$$40 8,:at d y mean80 8,i mean simply t y\r imag9$ lun> age ( gold1 :5 ! moon 0 full ( animat$ exi/5ces & beautiful sc5es1 has also become a ?+ ( ! pa/2 & :at geological cataclysm c be comp>$ 9 tragic int5sity ) ! disappe>ance ( a _w ( life80 8,b t disappe>ance 0 gradual1 0 x n80 8,v likely x 01 if x dep5d$ ^u ! sl[ )drawal ( ! atmosph]e & wat]40 8,good6 ,!n aga9 ,i am fairly well cont5t1 = all ?+s mu/ h an end4 ,! mo/ beautiful life f9ally m]ges into old age & dea?4 ,i ?9k ,i h read t "s ( y\r savants pr$ict t ! e>? w n always be a liv+ _w4 ,all t ,i ask is t y leave room some:]e 9 y\r lun> hi/ory = an age ( life on ! moon40 8,v well !n4 ,z ,i h told y sev]al times1 ,sci5ce does n positively =bid y to picture su* an age if y w4 ,%e only says t %e _c f9d ! evid5ces ( its exi/5ce4 ,/ill1 z we are go+ to see lat]1 !re are ^? :o ?9k t !y c p]ceive indications ( "s simple =ms ( life on ! moon ev5 n[4 ,i w grant y t 9 ! pa/ ^! may h be5 m num]\s & m highly organiz$40 ,by ?is "t ! aft]noon _h wan$ & ! trees 7 l5g!n+ _! %ad[s ^u ! lawns ( ! p>k4 8,p]haps10 ,i said1 8we _h bett] po/pone an exam9ation ( ! rema9+ photographs ( ! s]ies exhibit+ ! moon's v>i\s phases until aft] d9n]4 ,!y w %[ v well 9 ! light ( ! electric *&eli]4 ,i h b a few words to add conc]n+ ! rays ( ,ty*o4 ,! op9ion ( ,nasmy? conc]n+ _! mode ( orig9 has n be5 univ]sally accept$4 ,pr(4 ,william ,h4 ,pick]+1 = in/ance1 has sugge/$ t ! rays are =m$ by "s :iti% deposit f ! emanations bl[n out ( comp>atively m9ute crat]s ly+ 9 r[s4 ,he supposes l>ge quantities ( gas & /eam giv5 =? f crat]s surr\nd+ ! rim ( ,ty*o1 &1 9 consequ5ce ( ^! gases & vapors be+ absorb$ & cond5s$ 9 m di/ant regions1 a w9d con/antly bl[+ away f ,ty*o & di/ribut+ ! :ite deposit 9 w9dr[s4 ,a simil> explanation has be5 appli$ to ! %ort] & m irregul> sy/ems ( rays surr\nd+ ,cop]nicus1 & a few o!r r+ m\nta9s40 8,i pref] ! ,nasmy? hypo!sis10 said my fri5d1 z we rose & took ! pa? to ! h\se4 8,x is1 to be sure1 m gigantically tragic1 b !n x is simpl] & m easily compreh5d$40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,iii ,,full ,,moon ,,to ,,old ,,moon ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,iii ,,full ,,moon ,,to ,,old ,,moon ,,aft] d9n]1 9 ! brilliantly light$ draw+-room1 we once m spread out ! photographs on a table4 8,?is "t10 ,i said1 tak+ up ,no4 #ad1 8we are go+ to wat* ! advance ( night ov] ! moon4 ,be=e1 x 0 ! m>* ( sunrise t we foll[$4 ,bo? beg9 at ! same place1 ! we/]n edge or limb ( ! moon4 ,comp>+ ?is photograph1 :i* 0 tak5 :5 ! moon 0 ab\t fifte5 & two-?ird days old1 ) ,no4 #ac1 tak5 :5 ! moon's age 0 m ?an a day less1 y p]ceive1 at a glance1 :]e9 ! *ief diff]5ce lies4 ,9 ,no4 #ac sunrise is j rea*+ ! ea/]n limb2 9 ,no4 #ad sunset has begun at ! we/]n limb4 ,hav+ wat*$ day sweep across ! lun> _w1 we %all n[ see night foll[+ on its track4 ,we/ ( ! ,m>e ,crisium & ! ,m>e ,fcunditatis1 :i* ,i expect y to recognize on sight by ?is "t1 d>kness has already fall51 & ! edge ( ! moon 9 t direction is invisible4 ,! long1 cold night ( a =tnight's duration has begun its reign !re4 ,! sett+ sun illum9ates ! we/]n wall ( ! r+ m\nta9 ,langr5us1 :i* y w rememb] 0 "o ( ! fir/ notable =mations ( ! k9d t we saw em]g+ 9 ! lun> morn+4 ,b !n x 0 its ea/]n wall t 0 mo/ conspicu\s 9 ! increas+ sunlight4 ,= ! sel5ograph] ! diff]5ce ( aspect pres5t$ by ! v>i\s objects ( ! lun> _w :5 se5 fir/ "u morn+ & !n "u ev5+ illum9ation is extremely int]e/+ & important4 ,_m details n readily se51 or n visible at all1 9 ! "o case become conspicu\s 9 ! o!r4 ,b x is only close along ! l9e :]e night is advanc+ t notable *anges are to be se54 ,ov] ! g5]al surface ( ! moon !re is n yet any p]ceptible *ange1 because ! sun%9e /ill falls ne>ly v]tical ^u x4 ,ty*o's rays are z conspicu\s z ev]4 ,ari/>*us1 away ov] on ! ea/]n side1 is1 if possible1 bright] ?an be=e1 & ! ?ree small d>k ovals1 ,endymion a little we/ ( ! nor? 7or l[]7 po9t1 ,plato at ! edge ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 & ,grimaldi ne> ! bright ea/]n limb1 are all conspicu\s40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #ad4 ,,augu/ #bf1 #aijd2 ,,moon',s ,,age #ae4fe ,,days4 8,b look60 exclaim$ my fri5d1 putt+ h] f+] ^u ! photograph4 8,"h is some?+ t y h n m5tion$ at all4 ,i believe t ,i h made a discov]y1 al?\gh y probably w n accept x z a sci5tific "o4 ,i see "h a d>k woman 9 ! moon40 8,i confess10 ,i repli$1 8t ,i am n acqua9t$ ) h]1 & d n ev5 see h]4 ,please po9t h] out to me40 8,%e appe>s 9 pr(ile1 l ! brilliant ,moon ,maid51 b is n s mu* ( a beauty4 ,9 fact ,i beg9 to suspect t %e is ! #8,old ,woman 9 ! ,moon1' t ,i h (t5 he>d (40 8,positively ,i d n see h]40 8,!n ,i w try to recall "s ( ! names t y h be5 tell+ me 9 ord] to indicate :]e y %\ld4 ,%e faces we/ & occupies mo/ ( ! ea/]n half ( ! disk4 ,h] head is "u ,ty*o1 t[>d ! nor!a/1 ,i suppose y w\ld say4 ,! bright d\ble ray t y po9t$ out 9 "o ( ! prec$+ pictures lies across ! top ( h] head & ov] h] e>4 ,h] face seems to be =m$ by a "p ( ! ,m>e ,nubium--y obs]ve h[ well ,i h le>n$ y\r sel5ographical t]ms--& h] hook$ nose is compos$ ( a k9d ( bay1 project+ into ! bright "p bel[ ,ty*o4 ,h] front hair is bang$1 & ! ,m>e ,humorum con/itutes h] *ignon4 ,%e has a %ort neck1 & a hump$ back1 consi/+ ( ! ,oceanus ,procell>um4 ,cop]nicus resembles a />ry badge t %e we>s on h] brea/1 & ,ari/>*us glitt]s on ! inn] side ( ! elb[ ( h] long arm4 ,! ,m>e ,imbrium seems to be a sort ( r\nd1 bulky object t %e c>ries on h] knee1 & %e appe>s to be gaz+ ) int5tness 9 ! direction ( ! ,m>e ,tranquillitatis40 8,ah1 yes10 ,i said1 laugh+1 8,i see h] pla9ly en\gh n[4 ,i really _c say t y\r discov]y is likely to be record$ 9 a/ronomical annals1 b nev]!less ,i congratulate y ^u hav+ made x1 if only = ! reason t h5ce=? y c nev] =get ! names & locations ( ! lun> #8seas' & o!r objects t y h be5 compell$ to rememb] 9 po9t+ out y\r #8d>k woman4' ,9 tru?1 h] features are almo/ z well m>k$ z ^? ( ! ,moon ,maid51 b y w h>dly be able to f9d h] aga91 except 9 a photograph1 or ) ! aid ( a telescope1 because y mu/ recollect t ?is picture %[s ! moon rev]s$ top = bottom z comp>$ ) h] appe>ance to ! nak$ eye1 or ) an op]a glass4 ,b please look aga9 at ! objects along ! we/]n edge1 = we are ab\t to turn our att5tion to photograph ,no4 #ae 9 :i* ?is w be no long] visible4 ,y mu/ say #8good-by1' or r #8good night1' to ! ,m>e ,crisium & ! ,m>e ,fcunditatis2 = y w see !m no m1 until ano!r lun> day has dawn$40 ,we next pick$ up photograph ,no4 #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #ae4 ,,augu/ #bh1 #aijd2 ,,moon',s ,,age #ag4da ,,days4 8,"h ! age ( ! moon has increas$ to ne>ly sev5te5 & a half days4 ,! sunset l9e has advanc$ to ! bord]s ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is & ! ,m>e ,tranquillitatis4 ,t[>d ! s\? a va/ region :i* 0 v brilliant 9 ! morn+ & midday light ) ! reflections f m\nta9 slopes & ! rays ( ,ty*o1 has pass$ "u ! curta9 ( night4 ,! great crat] r+s on ! ea/]n bord] ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 & !nce upw>d to ! ,s\? ,pole1 are beg9n+ to reappe>1 b ) ! %ad[s ( _! walls ?r[n 9 a direction opposite to t :i* !y assum$ be=e4 ,by a little close inspection y w recognize ,!ophilus & its neighbors :i* 7 s conspicu\s = _m days :ile ! sunrise 0 advanc+1 b :i* h be5 almo/ conceal$ 9 ! univ]sal gl>e ( ! p]p5dicul> sun%9e s9ce ! ,full ,moon phase 0 approa*$4 ,on ! ,m>e ,tranquillitatis & ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis x is late aft]noon1 & y\r favorite #8,m>% ( a ,dream' has become a true dreaml&40 8,?is oncom+ ( night10 said my fri5d1 8seems to me m impos+1 & m sugge/ive ( my/]y ?an 0 ! advance ( day40 8,surely x is4 ,d we n exp]i5ce simil> s5sations :5 night sil5tly creeps ov] ! e>?8 ,b x imp>ts a feel+ ( lonel9ess & desolation :5 we wat* x swall[+ up ! b>r5 m\nta9s & pla9s ( ! lun> _w t we d n exp]i5ce 9 t]re/rial life4 ,!re are no *e]ful int]iors on ! moon to :i* "o c retreat :5 d>kness hides ! l&scapes4 ,!re is ano!r ?+ ab\t ! lun> night to :i* ,i h made b scant ref]5ce ?us f>4 ,i mean x's m ?an ,arctic *ill4 ,imag9e y\rself /&+ !re 9 ! mid/ ( ! broad pla9 ( ! ,m>e ,tranquillitatis4 ,t[>d ! ea/ y w\ld see ! sun close to ! horizon1 yet blaz+ bright & hot1 )\t cl\ds or mi/s to temp] its rays4 ,! rocks or soil b5ea? y\r feet w\ld p]haps be cold to ! t\*1 because ! surface ( ! moon radiates away ! heat v quickly1 b y\r face & h&s w\ld be almo/ scor*$ by ! int5se sol> beams4 ,look+ t[>d ! we/ y w\ld see ! %9+ tips ( m\nta9s sudd5ly ext+ui%$1 "o aft] ano!r1 & :5 ! %>ply def9$ edge ( ! advanc+ night pass$ ov] y x w\ld be z if y _h plung$ into a cold ba?4 ,9 a little :ile1 if y rema9$ motionless1 y w\ld be froz54 ,no clo?+ w\ld suffice to keep y w>m4 ,no?+ t pol> explor]s h ev] exp]i5c$ c be lik5$ to ! cold ( ! lun> night4 ,only ! app>atus ( ! laboratories = produc+ temp]atures1 capable1 :5 comb9$ ) pressure1 ( liquify+ & solidify+ ! air itself1 c br+ ab\t ^u ! e>? a l[]+ ( temp]ature comp>able ) t :i* occurs dur+ ! lun> night40 8,b ,i d n exactly see :y night %\ld be s mu* cold] on ! moon ?an on ! e>?4 ,%e is n f>!r f ! sun40 8,no1 h] av]age di/ance f ! sun is ! same z t ( ! e>?4 ,! reason :y h] nights are s cold is to be f\nd 9 ! abs5ce ( an atmosph]e l ours4 ,! air is ! e>?'s blanket1 :i* s]ves a d\ble purpose1 temp]+ ! heat by day ) its vapors & w9ds1 & keep+ ! e>? w>m at night by prev5t+ ! rapid radiation into space ( ! heat accumulat$ dur+ ! daylight h\rs4 ,if !re is any atmosph]e at all ^u ! moon--& ,i %all tell y by & by :at has be5 le>n$ on t subject--x is s r>e z comp>$ ) ours t x c ex]cise v little effect ^u ! temp]ature ( ! lun> surface4 8,n[1 look at ! great range ( ! lun> ,ap5n9es4 ,y w see t ! ea/]n faces ( ^! m\nta9s are 9 ! sunlight1 & !y ca/ no %ad[s1 z !y did 9 ! lun> morn+1 ov] ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,! same is true ( ! lun> ,caucasus1 & ! lun> ,alps4 ,all ( ^! m\nta9s are v /eep on ! side fac+ ! pla9s1 & t is ! side pres5t$ sunw>d 9 ! lun> aft]noon4 ,by turn+ to photograph ,no4 #af1 we %all see ?is ph5om5on m cle>ly display$4 ,?is photograph1 measur$ by ! age ( ! moon :5 x 0 tak51 is m ?an a day old] ?an ! o!r1 b once aga9 ! effect ( libration has1 9 "p1 c\nt]act$ = u ! advance ( ! l9e ( sunset4 ,/ill x has di/9ctly advanc$4 ,y w obs]ve t x has n[ pass$ completely across ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 & m ?an half across ! ,m>e ,tranquillitatis1 :ile only ! m\nta9 tops along ! we/]n edge ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis rema9 to indicate its outl9es 9 t direction4 ,!ophilus1 ,cyrillus1 & ,ca?>9a1 on ! ea/]n bord] ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 h aga9 become v conspicu\s1 b ?is "t 9 ev5+ in/ead ( morn+ light4 ,see h[ %>ply ! we/]n wall ( ,!ophilus /&s out aga9/ ! d>kness ( night beh9d x1 & h[ its c5tral peak gl[s 9 ! sett+ sun :ile all ! va/ holl[ b5ea? x is black4 ,! floors ( ,cyrillus & ,ca?>9a1 be+ less pr(\ndly sunk51 are /ill illum9at$4 ,bel[ ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 ! tw9 r+s1 ,ari/oteles & ,eudoxus1 are v conspicu\s1 & !y %[ ! same *ange ( illum9ation z ,!ophilus1 _! we/]n sides be+ /rongly illum9at$ on _! inn] faces1 :ile ! ea/]n walls ca/ %ad[s into ! int]ior4 ,! m\nta9\s "* ( ! surface 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,nor? ,pole ( ! moon seems to be m cle>ly br\ght out 9 ev5+ ?an 9 morn+ light4 ,9 ?is picture ! ,nor? ,pol> ,region seems to be almo/ z mu* brok5 up ) gigantic r+s z is t surr\nd+ ! ,s\? ,pole4 ,9 bo? cases1 y obs]ve1 _m ( ! r+s are pois$ j on ! edge ( ! lun> disk1 & _! libration alt]nately sw+s !m 9 or out ( view40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #af4 ,,augu/ #bi1 #aijd2 ,,moon',s ,,age #ah4fb ,,days4 8,!n ! o!r side ( ! moon may n be v diff]5t f ! side t is turn$ t[>d u40 8,9 its g5]al features ,i d\bt if x is at all diff]5t4 ,!re 0 once a !ory1 :i* _h consid]able vogue1 t ! side ( ! moon turn$ away f ! e>? pres5t$ a great contra/ ) its e>?w>d side4 ,a ,g]man ma!matician1 ,hans51 drew conclusions1 :i* are no long] accept$1 z to ! =m ( ! moon4 ,he ?\ght t ! moon 0 elongat$ 9 ! direction ( ! e>?1 some:at l an egg1 h] c5t] ( figure be+ ab\t ?irty miles ne>] to u ?an h] c5t] ( gravity4 ,?is1 if true1 w\ld make ! "p ( ! lun> surface t we see lie at a great elevation z comp>$ ) ! o!r "p1 & ! c5t] ( gravity be+ t[>d ! o!r side w\ld cause ! atmosph]e & wat] to gravitate 9 t direction40 8,:at a pity t s int]e/+ a !ory %\ld h be5 ab&on$60 8,if int]e/ 7 ! only te/ ( ! value ( a sci5tific !ory k w\ld n advance v fa/4 ,notice h[ ?is v photograph be=e u v9dicates ! true sci5tific attitude t[>d nature4 ,x records all ! facts )9 its range1 & leaves ! !ories to u4 ,! features ( y\r #8d>k woman' are1 9 _! way1 z cle>ly m>k$ 9 ! photograph z is ! range ( ! lun> ,ap5n9es4 ,x is = u to recognize ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! int]pretations :i* we *oose to put ^u ^! two ph5om5a4 ,giv+ play to fancy1 we see ! figure ( an old woman 9 ! "o case1 & employ+ our reason we f9d a *a9 ( unmi/akable m\nta9s 9 ! o!r40 8,b surely y d n mean to av] t sci5ce has no o!r bus9ess ?an t ( record+ facts40 8,by no means4 ,x is also ! bus9ess ( sci5ce to f9d hypo!ses & to build up !ories t w expla9 its facts & connect !m toge!r sy/ematically1 accord+ to "s und]ly+ law4 ,b z ,i h j intimat$ x is ! m>k ( true sci5ce t x nev] reta9s a !ory m]ely because x is int]e/+4 ,! tru? is ! only t\*/one4 ,/ill1 ev5 ! mo/ consci5ti\s sci5tific inve/igator may be misl$ by 8 imag9ation4 ,8 greate/ virtue is t he nev] lets 8 fancies deceive him aft] he has recogniz$ _! false "*4 ,po9t out y\r #8d>k woman' to ! *ild1 or ! savage1 & x w be 9 va9 aft]w>d to expla9 t h] pr(ile is made up ( pla9s & m\nta9s4 ,! *ild & ! savage are n sci5tific b imag9ative1 & only aft] a long education w !y ab&on ! app>5t = ! real4 8,i w ask y n[ to take up photograph ,no4 #ag4 ,! age ( ! moon "h is tw5ty days4 ,comp>+ x ) ! la/ photograph we see t ,!ophilus has disappe>$1 al?\gh ,cyrillus & ,ca?>9a1 be+ a little f>!r ea/1 are yet visible4 ,half ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis is buri$ 9 night1 & only a little ( ! ea/]n edge ( ! ,m>e ,tranquillitatis rema9s visible4 ,ari/oteles & ,eudoxus are n[ v close to ! t]m9ator1 & ! %ad[s ( _! ea/]n walls are spread+ f>!r ov] _! floors4 ,ari/>*us is v brilliant1 z x is /ill e>ly aft]noon on t "p ( ! moon1 & ! sun%9e is int5se4 ,obs]ve t ,kepl]1 ! crat] r+ directly ea/ ( ,cop]nicus1 has become m conspicu\s ?an we h se5 x 9 any prec$+ photograph4 ,?is is especially true ( ! sy/em ( bright rays surr\nd+ x1 & x is due to ! *ange ( illum9ation4 ,9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! moon1 we/ ( ,ty*o1 y w n[ recognize _m gigantic =mations :i* we fir/ saw :5 ! sun 0 ris+ ov] !m4 ,"s ( !m are ev5 m prom95t 9 ! sunset light4 ,among ^! is our old acqua9tance ,maurolycus1 ^: we/]n wall is s brilliant t x resembles a t9y cresc5t moon4 ,! d\ble r[ ( broad1 di%-%ap$ wall$ pla9s along ! c5tral m]idian has also become visible once m4 ,9 fact ! am\nt ( delicate detail & ! %>pness ( ! def9ition 9 ^! photographs are v rem>kable4 ,obs]ve ! curi\s mottl+ ( ! #8seas4' ,x is 9 "s ( ! diff]5ces ( t9t1 :i* correspond 9 telescopic views ( ! moon m or less closely ) ! v>y+ %ades 9 ! photographs1 t "s sel5ograph]s h ?\ght !y c\ld detect evid5ces ( ! pres5ce ( vegetation on ! moon4 ,we %all talk ab\t t m 9 detail ano!r "t4 ,x is suffici5t j n[ to notice t ! b$s ( ! m>es are by no means uni=m ei!r 9 t9t or 9 level4 ,all ( !m are m or less #8roll+1' l _m ( our prairies1 & (t5 w9d+ *a9s ( hills & huge cracklike rav9es are visible 9 !m4 ,9 ?is photograph ! am\nt ( detail %[n 9 ! ,m>e ,imbrium is p>ticul>ly /rik+4 ,notice h[ "s ( ! cr9kl$ rays f ,cop]nicus ext5d almo/ to ! c5t] ( ! #8sea1' & h[ 9 front ( ! precipit\s base ( ! ,ap5n9e range ! light]-color$ gr\nd1 ) ?ree prom95t r+ pla9s 9 x1 pres5ts ! appe>ance ( %all[s4 ,ly+ (f ! %ore s\? ( ,plato & ! ,alps a numb] ( isolat$ m\nta9 peaks are se51 m]e :ite specks on ! gray backgr\nd4 ,! undulat+ "* ( ! #8bottom' ( ! #8,bay ( ,ra9b[s' is also di/9ctly indicat$4 ,by ! way1 ,i %\ld p]haps m5tion ! names ( ! ?ree r+s ly+ (f ! front ( ! ,ap5n9es1 = al?\gh !y are among ! mo/ int]e/+ on ! moon !y h hi!rto escap$ our special att5tion4 ,! l>ge/ ( ! ?ree is ,ar*im$es1 ! second 9 size is ,ari/illus1 & ! smalle/ is ,autolycus4 ,y w he> ( !m aga9 :5 we come to ! l>ge photograph ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium & ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #ag4 ,,octob] #aj1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #bj4jf ,,days4 8,let me n[ prep>e y = an almo/ dramatic *ange 9 ! appe>ance ( "s ( ! mo/ conspicu\s lun> features :i* w take place :5 we pass f ?is photograph to ,no4 #ah4 ,direct y\r att5tion p>ticul>ly to ! *a9 ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,9 ,no4 #ag x lies v brilliant 9 ! sunlight1 ) its we/]n slopes di/9ctly visible1 ris+ gradually f ! %ores ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis & ! ,m>e ,vaporum1 :ile ! #8sea' along its ea/]n front is bright ) day4 ,9 ,no4 #ah ! ,ap5n9es h become simply a *a9 ( illum9at$ m\nta9 tips ) comp>ative d>kness all ar\nd !m4 ,_! we/]n slopes are practically invisible1 ! ,m>e ,imbrium on ! ea/ has turn$ d>k1 z if twilight _h fall5 ov] x--al?\gh z ,i h told y !re is no twilight on ! moon--& at its nor!rn end ! great range1 ) only its summits illum9at$1 projects l a r[ ( electric lights f> into ! black night t has cov]$ ! pla9s b5ea?4 8,yet1 al?\gh ! ,m>e ,imbrium has turn$ s d>k z to be b>ely visible ov] its we/]n half1 ! sun has by no means set ^u x1 & ! d>kness is p]haps great] ?an x %\ld1 !oretically1 be "u ! circum/ances4 ,?is ph5om5on ( ! rapid d>k5+ ( ! great lun> levels z ! sun decl9es is "o ( ! argum5ts t h be5 f\nd to favor ! hypo!sis ( ! exi/5ce ( vegetation4 ,if1 = ! sake ( discussion1 we admit ! possibility ( vegetation gr[+ on ! lun> pla9s1 x w be int]e/+ once m to comp>e photographs ,nos4 #ag & #ah40 8,don't say t x is m]ely = ! sake ( a discussion10 int]rupt$ my fri5d4 8,i %all be f> m deeply int]e/$ if y w simply say t x may be true40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #ah4 ,,septemb] #bi1 #aijd2 ,,moon',s ,,age #bj4ej ,,days4 8,v well1 let u put x t way1 !n4 ,z ,i 0 rem>k+1 if we aga9 comp>e ! two photographs1 keep+ ! vegetation hypo!sis 9 view1 we may ascribe at lea/ a "p ( ! rapid d>k5+ ( ! pla9 ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium to a *ange 9 ! color ( !--:at %all ,i say1 grass8--cov]+ x40 8,good6 good60 exclaim$ my fri5d1 clapp+ h] h&s4 8,j li/5 to him6 ,aft] gravely rebuk+ me s _m times = my unsci5tific fai? 9 ! lun> inhabitants ( a long pa/ age1 n[ y are talk+ ( #8grass' on ! moon40 8,y are h>dly fair10 ,i prote/$4 8,x is y :o h j l$ me to make an admission :i* _m a/ronom]s w\ld laugh at1 & y ought to support me ) all ! brilliance ( y\r imag9ation :5 ,i try to picture a /ate ( ?+s s consi/5t ) y\r pr$ilections ab\t ! moon40 8,oh1 ,i d support y ) all my he>t60 %e repli$4 8,pray g on1 & tell me ab\t ! lun> grass40 8,n j at pres5t10 ,i said4 8,we are go+ to take t subject up aga91 & ,i may !n succe$ 9 conv9c+ y t !re is f> m evid5ce = believ+ t vegetation exi/s on ! moon 9 ! pres5t day ?an = believ+ t intellectual be+s inhabit$ x at "s unkn[n =m] p]iod4 ,i %\ld w>n y1 too1 t ,i h be5 us+ ! contra/s ( light & d>kness betwe5 ^! two successive photographs simply z an illu/ration ( :at occurs 9 visual telescopic views2 b t1 = "s reason1 ! lun> pla9s ne>ly always appe> d>k] 9 photographs :5 contra/$ ) ! m\nta9\s regions ?an !y d :5 view$ ) ! eye4 ,ow+1 also1 to a v>iety ( influ5ces two successive photographs ( ! moon may diff] 9 tone :5 ! eye w\ld detect no correspond+ diff]5ce4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 does n invalidate :at ,i h said ab\t ! lun> #8seas1' or pla9s1 d>k5+ ne> sunset m rapidly ?an we %\ld expect !m to d1 z a simple result ( ! l[ angle at :i* ! sunlight /rikes !m4 8,y w notice t ! wan+ ( day betwe5 photographs ,nos4 #ag & #ah has produc$ a rem>kable *ange 9 ! appe>ance ( ,ty*o4 ,s9ce ! ,full ,moon phase ,ty*o has resembl$ a button r ?an a volcanic crat]1 b n[ x has once m assum$ ! =m ( a v beautiful r+ ) its c5tral peak cle>ly %[n1 its we/]n wall1 bright & its ea/]n wall ca/+ a broad1 black %ad[4 ,mo/ ( ! rays h n[ disappe>$1 only two or ?ree1 runn+ ov] ! ea/]n hemisph]e1 rema9+ visible4 ,! imm5se wall$ pla9s ne> ,ty*o h aga9 become prom95t1 ,mag9us t[>d ! s\?we/1 ,clavius t[>d ! s\?1 & ,longomontanus t[>d ! s\!a/ be+ ! mo/ conspicu\s4 ,clavius is always a wond]ful object = ! telescope1 b x is r m int]e/+ 9 ! lun> morn+ ?an 9 ! ev5+4 ,away ov] ne> ! ea/]n limb1 :]e ! sun is /ill high1 ,grimaldi %[s its d>k oval1 ) a c\ple ( m\nta9 peaks on its we/]n ramp>t %9+ brilliantly4 ,! small1 d>k spot bel[ x1 t[>d ! ea/1 is 9 ! wall$ pla91 ,riccioli4 ,! bright spot ) />like rays1 a long way s\? ( ,grimaldi1 & ea/ ( ! ,m>e ,humorum1 is ,byrgius1 a wall$ pla9 ne> :i* exi/s a small sy/em ( bright /reaks resembl+ ^? surr\nd+ ,cop]nicus & ,kepl]1 b mu* less ext5sive40 8,d y recall my expression ( impati5ce ?is morn+ :5 y 7 giv+ me ! names ( a long /r+ ( crat] r+s80 said my fri5d1 smil+4 8,well1 ,i am n[ go+ to make a confession4 ,p]haps x is slightly ( a p5it5tial nature4 ,i f9d n[ t ^! names1 al?\gh !y c]ta9ly are f> f picturesque 9 mo/ cases1 beg9 to int]e/ me1 because1 ,i suppose1 ,i und]/& bett] ! "* & mean+ ( ! ?+s t !y repres5t4 ,! ceaseless ,lat9 t]m9ations no long] annoy me1 = ,i d n ?9k ( !m1 b ( ! ?+s !mselves40 8,x is always s10 ,i repli$1 8:5ev] "o takes up a new /udy4 ,i "k t y h dipp$ a little into botany1 & ,i am sure t ! ,lat9 names :i* ab\nd 9 t sci5ce mu/ h repell$ y at fir/4 ,b aft] a "t1 :5 y _h begun to recognize ! beautiful fl[]s & ! rem>kable plants = :i* !y /ood1 y f\nd t ev5 ^! names assum$ a new "* & became int]e/+ & memorable4 ,y w f9d x ! same if y cont9ue to /udy ! moon4 ,! mo/ /upid designations w d]ive int]e/ f _! applications40 8,yes1 t is no d\bt true4 ,/ill1 ,i wi% t ,riccioli _h possess$ a little m imag9ation40 8,be ?ankful1 !n1 t he did n "n ! lun> #8seas' & #8bays4' ,y mu/ n[ bid good night to y\r #8d>k woman4' ,y obs]ve t ! ,m>e ,nubium is beg9n+ to fall "u ! %ad[1 & t h] features are gr[+ indi/9ct4 ,if y w turn ! photograph upside d[n y w f9d t ! ,moon ,maid5 has retir$4 ,%e belongs exclusively to ! we/]n hemisph]e1 & x is only ! ea/]n hemisph]e ( ! moon t n[ rema9s visible to u1 = we are close to ! phase ( ,la/ ,qu>t]4 ,?is is an aspect ( ! moon ) :i* y may n be v famili>4 ,to see ! moon at ,la/ ,qu>t]1 & p>ticul>ly aft] %e has pass$ t phase1 we mu/ rise ne> midnight & devote ! e>ly morn+ h\rs to obs]vation4 ,dur+ ^! lat] phases1 h[ev]1 "o may see ! moon 9 ! heav5s dur+ ! daytime all ?r\gh ! =5oon & a "p ( ! aft]noon4 ,%e is a v beautiful object !n1 al?\gh few p]sons1 ,i fe>1 ev] take ! tr\ble to look at h]4 ,! light] p>ts ( h] surface assume a silv]y t9t 9 ! daylight1 & ! d>k pla9s seem suffus$ ) a delicate blue f ! surr\nd+ sky4 ,exquisite views ( ! moon may !n be obta9$ ) a telescope4 ,! gl>e ( reflect$ light f ! m\nta9s & crat] r+s1 :i* dazzles ! eye at night1 is s r$uc$ t ! telescopic image becomes beautiful1 s(t1 & pleas+4 ,! same pr9ciple has be5 v successfully appli$ 9 rec5t ye>s to ! /udy ( ! planet ,v5us4 ,h] atmosph]e is s abundant1 9 contra/ to :at we f9d on ! moon1 t %e is z bl9d+ 9 a telescope z a ball ( sn[ glitt]+ 9 full sun%9e2 b :5 se5 9 ! daytime1 h] features1 indi/9ct at ! be/1 may be m cle>ly disc]n$40 8,oh1 y int]e/ me deeply6 ,if ,v5us is suppli$ ) su* an abundance ( air1 ,i suppose %e is inhabit$80 8,x is n exactly or?odox among ^? call+ !mselves a/ronom]s to talk ( inhabitants on ! planets1 b ,i d n m9d tell+ y privately t ,i ?9k t ,v5us is mo/ likely a _w fill$ ) all k9ds ( animate exi/5ces4 ,our pres5t bus9ess1 h[ev]1 is ) ! moon1 & ,i mu/ recall y\r att5tion to ! photographs4 ,we %all next take up ,no4 #ai4 ,"h ! cresc5t %ape becomes aga9 evid5t1 b rev]s$ 9 position z comp>$ ) ! cresc5t ( ! new & wax+ moon4 ,only two ( ! #8seas' n[ rema9 completely 9 view--! ,m>e ,humorum & ! ,oceanus ,procell>um40 8,t t]m ,i ?9k y h translat$ z ! #8,ocean ( ,tempe/s4' ,pray1 d y "k any reason :y x %\ld h be5 ?us nam$80 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #ai4 ,,augu/ #af1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #bc4ha ,,days4 8,!re is n ! slighte/ reason t ,i "k (4 ,y mu/ ascribe x to ! vivid imag9ation ( t old a/ronom] :om y s greatly admire4 ,i regret1 sometimes1 t he _c be "h to expla9 to y ! ?\ghts t occupi$ 8 m9d4 ,!y mu/ surely h be5 v captivat+1 ev5 ?\gh n v sci5tific4 ,rem>k t !re are _m ( ! features ( ! ea/]n "p ( ! moon :i* we c n[ disc]n m cle>ly ?an 9 any ( ! prec$+ pictures4 ,beg9n+ at ! top we see ! va/ inclosure ( ,longomontanus ) ! top ( its encircl+ walls illum9at$1 :ile ! int]ior is all 9 deep %ad[4 ,its we/]n ramp>t projects into ! night & seems deta*$ f ! ma9 body ( ! moon4 ,along ! t]m9ator bel[ ,longomontanus1 :at appe>s to be ano!r imm5se wall$ pla9 pres5ts a simil> aspect4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 consi/s ( sev]al small] =mations gr\p$ ne> toge!r1 only _! l(tie/ po9ts be+ illum9at$4 ,! /eep bord]s ( ! ,m>e ,humorum are f9ely %[n4 ,notice h[ ! floor ( t little #8sea1' :i* is ab\t ! size ( ,engl&1 z ,mr4 ,elg] has rem>k$1 is mottl$ ) :iti% spots1 & h[ di/9ct ! r+ ( ,gass5di appe>s at ! nor!rn end ( ! m>e4 ,y c ev5 see ! comp>atively small crat] t cr[ns ! nor!rn wall ( ! r+4 ,s\!a/ ( ! ,m>e ,humorum are visible ! great flat pla9s ( ,s*ill] & ,s*ick>d4 ,notice also h[ all ! surface ( ! moon 9 t direction is freckl$ ) crat] pits1 :i* resemble ! impressions made by ra9drops 9 s(t s&4 ,b ! smalle/ ( ^! pits is l>g] ?an ! greate/ volcanic crat] on ! e>?4 8,! ,oceanus ,procell>um is beautifully illum9at$ 9 ?is picture4 ,9 sev]al places1 p>ticul>ly nor? ( ! ,m>e ,humorum1 p>ts ( subm]g$ r+s are visible4 ,^! are great curiosities1 & we %all see m ( !m else:]e4 ,"s sel5ograph]s believe t !y are ! rema9s ( an e>li] _w 9 ! moon1 :i* 0 buri$ by a trem5d\s upheaval & outru% ( molt5 mat]ial f ! int]ior4 ,y w rememb]1 p]haps1 t ,i spoke ( a cata/rophe ( t k9d :5 po9t+ out ! half-buri$ r+ ( ,fraca/orius at ! s\!rn end ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is40 8,did t cata/rophe occur aft] ! =mation ( ! huge lun> volcanoes80 8,x is difficult to say j :5 x occurr$1 b ! appe>ances g5]ally favor ! view t x 0 subsequ5t to ! great volcanic age4 ,x is ! op9ion ( ,mr4 ,elg]1 :om ,i h once or twice m5tion$ z an ,engli% obs]v] :o has devot$ special att5tion to ! /udy ( ! moon's surface1 t ! m>es1 z we n[ see !m1 d n repres5t ! orig9al b$s ( ! lun> oceans4 ,^! b$s1 :i*1 accord+ to ?is view1 7 at fir/ deep]1 h be5 cov]$ up1 at lea/ ov] a great "p ( _! areas1 by ! outru% ( molt5 lava4 ,if !y 7 ev] fill$ ) wat] x 0 v likely prior to t occurr5ce4 ,b y mu/ rememb] t all ?is is speculation1 v int]e/+1 x is true1 b bas$ ^u insuffici5t data to enable u to be sure ( our conclusions4 ,i %all %[ y lat] t "s rec5t /ud5ts ( lun> ph5om5a h =m$ ! op9ion t !re is a /rong argum5t to be drawn f geological analogies 9 favor ( ! view t ! lun> m>es1 practically 9 ! /ate 9 :i* we see !m1 h be5 true sea b$s4 8,let u cont9ue our inspection ( photograph ,no4 #ai1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! s]ies4 ,look at ! crat] r+ ,kepl]1 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,oceanus ,procell>um4 ,we h n be=e se5 x 9 ! aspect :i* x n[ pres5ts4 ,hi!rto x has appe>$ only z a bright po9t surr\nd$ by a light pat* cov]$ ) radiat+ /reaks4 ,b n[1 ) ! late aft]noon sunlight /rik+ across x1 its walls are illum9at$ 9 su* a mann] t its v p]fect r+ %[s v cle>ly1 ab\t half ( ! int]ior ly+ 9 %ad[1 :i* s]ves to give x a /rik+ relief4 ,if we suppose a "t :5 ! ,oceanus ,procell>um 0 a real ocean1 & :5 ,kepl] 0 an active volcano ris+ above its wat]s1 its situation1 f> f all %ores1 w\ld h be5 n unlike t ( ! great volcano ( ,kilauea 9 ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s4 ,9 t case we might assume t ! /reaks ar\nd x repres5t anci5t lava fl[s1 :i* spread f> ab\t ov] ! b$ ( ! ocean4 ,! same explanation w\ld apply to ! /reaks & rays ar\nd ,cop]nicus1 & half a doz5 o!r simil> r+ m\nta9s4 8,y w also obs]ve t ! aft]noon slant ( ! sol> rays has consid]ably *ang$ ! appe>ance ( ,ari/>*us4 ,n[ = ! fir/ "t ! crat]i=m %ape ( t mo/ rem>kable m\nta9 has become evid5t on acc\nt ( ! %ad[ 9 ! int]ior4 ,?is %ad[ has almo/ rea*$ ! c5tral peak :i* is ! brighte/ "p ( ! entire =mation4 ,y may be int]e/$ 9 ! fact t ! brilliance ( ! c5tral peak ( ,ari/>*us is s great t x /&s 9 an ord] by itself1 9 :at may be call$ ! photometry ( ! moon's surface4 ,t5 ord]s ( relative brightness h be5 adopt$ to repres5t ! v>i\s reflective p[]s ( diff]5t p>ts & spots ( ! moon4 ,i copy !m f ,mr4 ,elg]'s li/4 ,!y are z foll[s3 8#j ,black 7example1 ! %ad[s ( m\nta9s74 8#a ,gray black 7example1 d>ke/ places 9 ! wall$ pla9s ( ,grimaldi & ,riccioli74 8#b ,d>k gray 7example1 ! floor ( ,endymion74 8#c ,m$ium gray 7example1 int]ior ( ,!ophilus74 8#d ,yell[i% gray 7example1 int]ior ( ,manilius74 8#e ,pure light gray 7example1 surface ar\nd ,kepl]74 8#f ,light :iti% gray 7example1 walls ( ,macrobius74 8#g ,grayi% :ite 7example1 ,kepl]74 8#h ,pure :ite 7example1 walls ( ,cop]nicus74 8#i ,glitt]+ :ite 7example1 ,proclus74 8#aj ,dazzl+ :ite 7sole example1 ! c5tral peak ( ,ari/>*us740 8,really1 ,i am greatly surpris$ by :at y tell me10 said my fri5d4 8,i w\ld nev] h imag9$ t !re 7 s _m diff]5t neutral t9ts on ! moon40 8,y w\ld be /ill m surpris$10 ,i repli$1 8if ,i c\ld pres5t to y a simil> table ( ! diff]5t t9ts ( color t h be5 discov]$ !re4 ,b ,i am n aw>e t any scale ( lun> colors has be5 prep>$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 v>i\s %ades ( br[n1 yell[1 & gre54 ,mo/ ( !m are f\nd 9 ! m>es & wall$ inclosures4 ,"s ( !m appe> to be v>iable1 & "s are only to be detect$ "u p>ticul> illum9ations40 8,are n su* colors an indication ( some?+ liv+ !re80 8,x may be s--an indication1 = in/ance1 ( ! exi/5ce ( #8lun> grass1' ! m5tion ( :i* s amus$ y a little :ile ago40 8,oh1 x 0 n ! #8grass' t amus$ me1 b y\r unexpect$ way ( introduc+ x4 ,i want to be conv9c$ t !re is grass !re1 & a great _m o!r ?+s besides grass4 ,b ,i am n yet satisfi$ conc]n+ t unique peak 9 ,ari/>*us4 #8,dazzl+ :ite' y say is its description 9 ! scale ( t9ts4 ,t excites my curiosity imm5sely4 ,i ?9k y h told me already t x _c be sn[1 b y h spok5 ( ! possibility ( cry/als & ( metal4 ,d y "k1 ,i l ! idea ( ascrib+ ! ph5om5on to metal4 ,x recalls some?+ t ,i read 9 *ildhood ab\t ! fir/ discov]] ( a silv] m9e 9 ,mexico4 ,z ,i rememb] ! /ory1 an ,aztec hunt]1 *as+ 8 game across a m\nta91 seiz$ ^u a bu% to aid him1 & ! roots giv+ way disclos$ a glitt]+ mass ( silv]4 ,:y n let me imag9e t ! peak ( ,ari/>*us is compos$ ( pure silv]80 8,!re is no h>m 9 imag9+ t if y wi% to d s4 ,b !n y\r imag9ation1 or r y\r k1 %\ld g a little f>!r & recall ! fact t silv] does n rema9 dazzl+ bright :5 expos$40 8,ah1 b y say !re is no air1 no wat]1 no ra9s1 no moi/ure on ! moon4 ,"u su* circum/ances might n a metal rema9 bright80 8,x is possible1 b ,i h>dly ?9k t x w\ld4 ,x is likely t o!r corrod+ influ5ces exi/4 ,a bett] explanation1 ,i ?9k1 is af=d$ by suppos+ t ! reflect+ surface is simply compos$ ( a rocky m9]al1 resembl+ 9 its p[] ( reflection a mass ( qu>tz cry/als or imb$d$ planes ( mica4 ,!re is no absolute impossibility involv$ 9 ?9k+ t x may be simply :ite rock40 8,:y n say m>ble--a gigantic ,c>r>a m\nta9 on ! moon80 8,i fe> t t w\ld involve a geological hi/ory = ! lun> _w = :i* we h n suffici5t w>rant 9 obs]v$ facts4 ,i pref] to assume a volcanic orig9 = ! ph5om5on4 ,s9ce y are s int]e/$ 9 ! my/]y ( ,ari/>*us ,i may add t a "p ( ! floor & ! inn] side ( ! r+ are also extremely bright1 b n q s bright z ! c5tral peak4 ,t alone /&s at ! top ( ! scale4 ,putt+ ! peak at #aj1 ,mr4 ,elg] f9ds t ! o!r brilliant p>ts ( ,ari/>*us possess only #i ( brightness4 ,yet ! :ole int]ior is s gli/5+ t :5 ! sunlight falls v]tically x almo/ resembles ! inside ( a cry/al cup1 & details are hidd5 9 ! gl>e4 8,n[ please look at ! #8,bay ( ,ra9b[s' 9 ! photograph be=e u4 ,cape ,laplace at its we/]n end lies close to ! t]m9ator & appe>s z a m9ute speck ( light4 ,! great b[-%ap$ %ore is cle>ly def9$1 ! level surface )9 be+ v d>k & ! highl&s ar\nd x comp>atively bright4 ,! crat] m\nta9 ,bian*9i y w recognize ne> ! c5t] ( ! b[4 ,sev]al o!r simil> crat]i=m m\nta9s are visible t[>d ! nor? & ea/4 ,9 ?is light ! surface ( ! moon ea/w>d f ! ,nor? ,pole appe>s z r\gh & brok5 ) crat]s & crat] pla9s z we saw 9 ! e>li] pictures t x is t[>d ! we/4 8,be=e direct+ our att5tion to photograph ,no4 #bj1 let u return = a mom5t to ,ari/>*us4 ,:5 speak+ ( t =mation a few m9utes ago ,i int]rupt$ myself 9 ord] to give y ! scale ( t9ts on ! moon1 :i* demon/rat$ ! unique brilliance ( ! peak inclos$ by ! r+4 ,i int5d$ to po9t out to y !n ! fact t 9 photograph ,no4 #ai we see1 = ! fir/ "t1 n only ! r+ ( ,ari/>*us b its curi\s neighbor ,h]odotus4 ,a light /reak1 :i* we obs]v$ 9 an e>li] picture1 seems to connect ! two4 ,x is bett]1 h[ev]1 to notice ?is n[ because 9 turn+ f ,no4 #ai to ,no4 #bj y w p]ceive once m a *ange 9 ! appe>ance ( ,ari/>*us & its neighborhood4 ,9 ,no4 #bj ,ari/>*us is di/9ctly m conspicu\s4 ,! night has advanc$ dur+ almo/ exactly tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 hav+ 9 ! meantime swept across ! entire l5g? ( ! #8,bay ( ,ra9b[s1' :i* we n[ no long] see4 ,if we _h be5 us+ a telescope dur+ t int]val we %\ld h beheld a v int]e/+ spectacle1 = sunset on ! #8,bay ( ,ra9b[s' is q z rem>kable1 al?\gh 9 a v diff]5t way1 z sunset on ! ,bay ( ,naples4 ,! a/ronom]1 seat$ amid ! lonely gloom ( 8 obs]vatory dome1 & wat*+ ! *ange ( light & illum9ation on ! surface ( ! moon1 has _m an h\r ( solit>y enjoym5t ( aspects ( nature t are q impossible on ! e>?1 & t frequ5tly lure him into poetic m$itations :i* f9d no place 9 8 notebook40 8,i am v glad to he> y say t4 ,x enhances my op9ion ( ! a/ronom]s1 & conv9ces me t aft] all !y are n s sev]ely sci5tific z !y describe !mselves40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #bj4 ,,augu/ #ag1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #bd4hd ,,days4 8,if !y 710 ,i repli$1 8or if all ( !m 71 x w\ld be a bad augury = ! future ( _! sci5ce4 ,d n ?9k t 9 occasionally seek+ to re/ra9 y\r imag9ation ,i wi% to express condemnation ( :at1 aft] all1 is ! noble/ ( human faculties4 ,b aga9 we are =gett+ our pr9cipal bus9ess1 :i* is ) ! facts4 ,ari/>*us1 z ,i h said1 has und]gone ano!r di/9ct *ange ( appe>ance f t :i* x %[$ be=e4 ,! c5tral peak is n[ cov]$ by ! %ad[ ( ! ea/]n wall1 b /ill ! reflection f ! we/]n wall alone is suffici5t to make x ! brighte/ spot on ! moon4 ,h]odotus1 on ! o!r h&1 has become indi/9ct & ! ,h>b+] ,m\nta9s are practically invisible1 b we c detect ! exi/5ce ( ! enorm\s *asm or caon1 :i* ,i told y once issues f ! int]ior ( ,h]odotus & goes w9d+ ne>ly a hundr$ miles ov] ! floor ( ! ,oceanus ,procell>um4 8,notice1 also1 h[ cle>ly visible ?ree or f\r relatively small crat]s ea/ ( ! #8,bay ( ,ra9b[s' h become1 & h[ conspicu\s are sev]al l>ge wall$ pla9s on ! nor!rn #8horn4' ,! d>k level s\? ( ^! =mations & betwe5 !m & ! small crat]s has also a "n :i* ,i h n be=e m5tion$4 ,x is ! ,s9us ,roris1 #8,gulf ( ,dew4' ,x connects ! ,m>e ,frigoris ) ! ,oceanus ,procell>um4 ,x is ano!r legacy f y\r fri5d ! imag9ative a/ronom]40 8,!n once m he receives my ?anks = hav+ done 8 be/ to make ! moon an ideal _w4 ,x is always pa9ful to h "o's ideals de/roy$40 8,i hope t ,i h n be5 de/roy+ any ( y\rs40 8,no1 b at lea/ y h caus$ a *ange 9 my impressions ab\t ! "* ( ! moon4 ,h5ce=? !re w be an elem5t ( t]ror z well z ( unexpect$ gr&eur m+l$ ) my ?\ghts ( ! #8,que5 ( ,night4'0 8,t elem5t w n be dim9i%$ by :at ,i am ab\t to po9t out4 ,look f> ov] ne> ! ea/]n bord] ( ! ,oceanus ,procell>um1 directly ea/ ( ,ari/>*us4 ,!re y w di/+ui% ! outl9es ( two or ?ree va/ subm]g$ r+ pla9s1 :i* we may reg>d z relics ( t e>li] lun> _w1 :i* prec$$ ! outgu% ( lava t ,mr4 ,elg] ?9ks cov]$ ! sea bottoms4 ,obs]ve also ! s+ul> light /reak t runs f ,kepl]1 n[ b>ely visible at ! edge ( night1 to a d>k little crat]1 beyond :i* lies a bright po9t (f ! coa/ ( ! #8ocean4' ,s\? ( ?is !re are o!r subm]g$ r+ pla9s1 "o ( :i*1 nam$ ,letronne1 has a high we/]n wall1 :i* =ms 9 ! picture a sort ( promontory project+ f ! s\!rn bord] ( ! ,oceanus ,procell>um1 almo/ directly nor? ( ,gass5di4 ,! latt] is v cle>ly %[n at ! l[] end ( ! ,m>e ,humorum1 ! we/]n side ( :i* is 9 %ad[1 :ile its :ole surface has turn$ v d>k4 ,on ! s\!rn horn ( ! cresc5t ! r+ pla9s1 ,s*ick>d & ,s*ill]1 are /ill prom95t1 & ! nor!rn & ea/]n edges ( ! ,m>e ,humorum appe> m ragg$ ) m\nta9s & crat] r+s ?an be=e40 8,& h all ^! m\nta9s & crat]s names80 8,n all ( !m1 b _m m1 p]haps1 ?an y suppose4 ,on ! :ole visible surface ( ! moon ab\t #ejj objects1 n includ+ ! #8seas1' h receiv$ names4 ,x may surprise y to le>n t ! position ( ! mo/ important ( ^! objects has be5 asc]ta9$ ) an accuracy :i* is /ill lack+ 9 our det]m9ation ( positions on ! e>?4 ,9 o!r words our *>ts ( ! moon are m exact ?an ^? ( our own planet40 8,t does inde$ surprise me4 ,i %\ld h ?\ght t1 liv+ on ! e>?1 we c\ld make v correct maps ( x1 :ile1 z = ! moon1 two or ?ree hundr$ ?\s& miles away1 x seems to me n s easy to d t40 8,x is ma9ly because we are on ! e>? t we f9d su* great difficulty 9 mak+ accurate maps ( x4 ,we _c look at ! e>? z a :ole1 b we h to crawl ov] its surface1 mak+ measurem5ts z we g1 & aft]w>ds translat+ ^? measurem5ts into l9es & angles on pap]4 ,?us we are /ill unc]ta9 ab\t ! precise di/ance betwe5 _m important po9ts on our globe1 :ile = po9ts on ! moon no correspond+ unc]ta9ty exi/s4 ,! moon hangs be=e u 9 ! sky1 ) no cl\ds except ^? 9 our own atmosph]e to obscure x1 & x is only necess>y c>efully to obs]ve ! position ( p>ticul> po9ts1 & ) ! prop] in/rum5ts to measure _! di/ance & directions f "o ano!r4 ,b ev5 ?is is n a ?+ t c be accompli%$ )\t mu* pa9s & mu* k4 ,! a/ronom]1 no matt] :at field he *ooses1 is necess>ily a h>d work]1 & 8 motto1 above ev]y?+ else1 is accuracy4 ,no "o is m tempt$ ?an he by ! sublimity & ! extraord9>y "* ( ! objects ( 8 /udy1 to give re9 to ! imag9ation1 & yet imag9ation is ! ?+ ( all o!rs f ^: vag>ies he mu/ mo/ c>efully gu>d himself4 ,s y mu/ n blame him too sev]ely if he has n dott$ ! %ores ( ! moon ) cities1 & populat$ its pla9s ) indu/ri\s f>m]s40 8,if y w p]mit me to w&] a little aside f our photographic /udies = a few m9utes10 said my fri5d1 8,i %\ld l to ask y ab\t two or ?ree ?+s conc]n+ ! moon :i* h long puzzl$ me4 ,f my e>lie/ days1 liv+ ! great] "p ( ! "t 9 ! c\ntry1 ,i h he>d t ! moon ex]cises a decid$ influ5ce ov] ! wea!r1 & ov] ! gr[? ( vegetation4 ,i h neighbors :o w\ld nev] ?9k ( plant+ c]ta9 ?+s except #89 ! ,new ( ! moon'6 ,"s w n cut timb] except #89 ! ,old ( ! ,moon1' z !y say t ! sap is drawn up by ! moon's influ5ce :5 %e is gr[+4 ,is !re really any tru? 9 all ?is80 8,n ! lea/4 ,at any rate !re is no sci5tific evid5ce :atev] = su* /atem5ts1 & no probability t !y are bas$ on facts4 ,!y are ! result ( faulty obs]vation1 misl$ by co9cid5ces4 ,x is imag9able t ! light ( ! moon might h "s influ5ce ^u vegetable gr[? if x 7 an orig9al k9d ( light com+ f ! moon h]self4 ,b moonlight is only reflect$ sunlight1 & :5 we exam9e x ) ! spectroscope we d n f9d t ! rays ( light 9 visit+ ! moon & return+ !nce to ! e>? h _h ei!r any?+ add$ to or any?+ tak5 away f !m1 except int5sity4 ,! total am\nt ( light reflect$ f ! moon ^u ! e>? is e/imat$ to be ab\t #a_/fahjjj ( ! total am\nt t comes to u f ! sun4 ,curi\sly en\gh ! moon appe>s to reflect proportionally m heat ?an light1 ! am\nt ( lun> heat receiv$ by ! e>? be+ reckon$ at #a_/ahejjj ( ! am\nt com+ f ! sun4 ,! popul> idea t ! moon affects ! movem5t ( sap 9 plants is equally illusory40 8,b ab\t ! wea!r8 ,i "k p :o believe t a *ange ( ! moon f "o phase to ano!r br+s ab\t a *ange ( wea!r4 ,is t true80 8,c]ta9ly x is n true4 ,! moon is *ang+ its app>5t =m all ! "t4 ,!re is no sudd5 alt]ation at any phase4 ,! popul> belief1 h[ev]1 has always be5 s firmly fix$ t _m inve/igations h be5 made to asc]ta9 :e!r !re is1 9 reality1 any f\ndation = x4 ,^! inve/igations h %[n t no measurable effect ( ! k9d exi/s40 8,& ! ,full ,moon does n drive away cl\ds1 z "s ass]t80 8,surely %e does n4 ,i w n[ tell y some?+ t ! p]sons :o plant & s[ & cut timb] accord+ to ! phases ( ! moon1 & :o believe t %e ex]cises a k9d ( magic control ov] ! cl\ds1 probably h nev] he>d (1 al?\gh if !y knew x !y might use x z an argum5t 9 favor ( lun> influ5ces4 ,x is ?is3 ,! alt]nate approa* & retreat ( ! moon ) respect to ! e>?1 z %e travels r\nd h] elliptical orbit1 produce measurable1 al?\gh slight1 di/urbances ( ! magnetism ( our planet4 ,! di/ance ( ! moon v>ies to ! ext5t ( ab\t #cj1jjj miles4 ,n[1 if x c\ld be %[n t ^! magnetic di/urbances 7 reflect$ 9 ! "* ( ! wea!r1 !n ! suppos$ influ5ce ( ! moon w\ld be e/abli%$4 ,b t has n be5 %[n1 & if x 7 %[n x w\ld /ill be f\nd t ! phases ( ! moon _h no relation to ! fact1 = ! moon may be at its greate/ or its lea/ di/ance f ! e>?1 or at any int]m$iate di/ance dur+ any possible phase40 8,y w1 p]haps1 ?9k me v p]si/5t 9 ask+ fooli% que/ions1 b !re is "o o!r on my m9d t ,i %\ld l to put1 n[ t we h gone s f>4 ,x is ?is3 ,i h read1 s9ce ! great e>?quakes at ,san ,francisco & ,valp>aiso1 & ! great eruption ( ,vesuvius 9 ! same ye>1 #aijf1 t ! moon has an influ5ce ov] su* ?+s4 ,is ?is ano!r unf\nd$ popul> sup]/ition80 8,x is n a notion ( popul> orig9 at all10 ,i repli$4 8,x orig9at$ r f sci5tific consid]ations1 & !re may possibly be a g]m ( tru? 9 x1 al?\gh x yet rema9s to be demon/rat$1 & ! evid5ce conc]n+ x is confus+ly contradictory4 ,y w recall1 ,i tru/1 :at has be5 said ab\t ! sun & ! moon produc+ tides 9 ! oceans4 ,we h also se5 t be=e our globe _h assum$ its pres5t condition1 :ile x 0 yet m or less pla/ic ?r\gh\t its :ole mass1 & be=e ! bir? ( ! moon1 great tides 7 produc$ 9 ! body ( ! e>?4 ,! t5d5cy to ! production ( su* bodily tides /ill exi/s1 & n[ t ! moon has become a ne>-by att5dant ( ! e>?1 %e acts m effectively 9 ?is reg>d ?an does ! sun4 ,if ! e>? 7 /ill pla/ic ! moon w\ld produce bodily tides 9 x4 ,9 o!r words ! e>? w\ld be de=m$ by ! attraction ( ! moon4 ,! "q has aris5 :e!r or n ! t5d5cy to ! production ( su* tides1 n[ t ! e>? has become rigid1 may n di/urb its cru/ suffici5tly to induce e>?quakes & volcanic eruptions4 ,"s /ud5ts ( ! subject h ?\ght t !y c\ld detect evid5ce t ?is is ! case4 ,x has frequ5tly happ5$ t su* ph5om5a h occurr$ on a l>ge scale1 at or v close to1 ! p]iods ( ,new & ( ,full ,moon4 ,^? are ! times1 z we saw :5 we 7 talk+ ( ! oceanic tides1 :5 ! sun & ! moon pull toge!r4 ,if all great eruptions & e>?quakes occurr$ at ^! conjunctions !re w\ld be little d\bt ( ! correctness ( ! !ory4 ,b1 un=tunately = ! cle>ness ( our conceptions1 ?is is by no means ! case4 ,!re h be5 _m e>?quakes & volcanic outbur/s :5 ! sun & ! moon 7 n ?us comb9+ _! tidal attractions4 ,?us ! evid5ce is f\nd to be contradictory or inconsi/5t1 & ! "q rema9s unsettl$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a v int]e/+ "o1 & ! "t w come1 x is to be hop$1 :5 x w be answ]$ decisively "o way or ! o!r40 ,aft] ?is digression we return$ to ! /udy ( ! photographs4 8,photograph ,no4 #bj1 :i* we h j be5 exam9+10 ,i said1 8repres5ts ! moon at ! age ( ab\t tw5ty-f\r days & tw5ty h\rs4 ,! next1 & ! la/ ( ! s]ies %[+ ! moon 9 progressive phases1 is ,no4 #ba4 ,"h ! age ( ! moon is ab\t tw5ty-six days & tw5ty h\rs4 ,x is ! fa/ wan+ sickle ( ! ,old ,moon :i* we behold4 ,y p]ceive t x is relatively un9t]e/+ :5 comp>$ ) ,no4 #bj1 because v little except ! ea/]n limb is illum9at$4 ,ne>ly all ! great circul> & oval =mations & crat]s1 & all ! #8seas1' h pass$ into ! lun> night4 ,only ! ea/]n v]ge ( ! ,oceanus ,procell>um rema9s 9 sight1 dull+ ! brilliance ( ! inn] curve ( ! sickle4 ,! d>k wall$ pla9 above ! c5t] is ,riccioli1 & j bel[ x appe>s ,hevel1 a small]1 b yet l>ge =mation1 ) a l[ c5tral m\nta94 ,x is h>dly wor? our :ile to attempt to id5tify ! o!r features %[n 9 ! photograph4 ,!y include none t we h previ\sly /udi$4 ,yet ?is picture has an int]e/ all its own because x is an excell5t repres5tation ( ! moon at a "t :5 %e is s ne> to ! sun4 ,d n =get t1 z ,i w>n$ y :5 we began ) ! cresc5t ( ! ,new ,moon1 9 ^! photographs ! moon appe>s rev]s$ top = bottom4 ,se5 9 ! sky 9 ! e>ly morn+ ?is sickle w\ld h its r\nd$ edge t[>d ! left h& & direct$ m or less d[nw>d1 accord+ to ! position ( ! sun4 ,a great deal ( confusion exi/s 9 ! m9ds ( well-educat$ p conc]n+ ! position ( ! sickle ( ! ,new & ! ,old ,moon4 ,y h1 ( c\rse1 he>d ( ! classic in/ances 9 :i* arti/s h drawn ! ,new ,moon ) ! concave side t[>d ! sun6 ,x is only necess>y to rememb] t a l9e drawn /raight f ! c5t] ( ! convex side ( ! sickle1 :e!r x be ! ,new ,moon or ! ,old ,moon1 always ext5ds directly t[>d ! place occupi$ by ! sun40 ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #ba4 ,,augu/ #ai1 #aijc2 ,,moon',s ,,age #bf4hi ,,days4 8,!re is10 said my fri5d1 8an int]e/+ old sup]/ition :i* ,i h (t5 he>d--,i suppose x mu/ ( c\rse be a sup]/ition--conc]n+ #8wet moons' & #8dry moons4' ,z ,i recall x !y say t :5 ! sickle ( ! ,new ,moon appe>s ne>ly upright 9 ! sky t is a sign ( dry wea!r1 because ! moon is !n l an ov]turn$ cup1 b :5 ! sickle has its ends turn$ upw>d t is a sign ( wet wea!r1 because !n ! cup c hold wat]4 ,i suppose t ^! v>i\s positions ( ! moon actually occur1 b ,i d n "k h[ !y are br\ght ab\t40 8,! suppos$ influ5ce ( ! position ( ! ,new ,moon on ! wea!r10 ,i repli$1 8is too gross a sup]/ition to be wor?y ( any notice1 b ! diff]5t attitudes ( ! sickle are int]e/+4 ,!y arise f ! *anges 9 ! position ( ! moon z se5 f ! e>? ) respect to ! direction ( ! sun1 & ^! *anges dep5d 9 turn on ! incl9ation ( ! moon's pa? 9 ! sky to ! plane ( ! e>?'s equator z well z to ! plane ( ! ecliptic or ! e>?'s orbit4 ,! ecliptic has an incl9ation ( ab\t #bc to ! plane ( ! equator1 & ! moon's orbit is incl9$ a little ov] #e to ! ecliptic4 ,! moon may1 9 consequ5ce1 appe> m ?an #bh above or bel[ ! equator4 ,b s9ce1 z ,i told y 9 ! beg9n+1 ! orbit ( ! moon itself turns sl[ly ab\t 9 space1 ! di/ance ( ! moon above or bel[ ! equator is n con/ant4 ,x may be only a little m ?an #ah4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ^! *anges ( relative position ! situation ( ! horns ( ! cresc5t moon v>ies4 ,b y ne$ nev] be 9 d\bt z to :at position !y w occupy at any "t if y w simply rememb] t a /raight l9e drawn f ! po9t ( "o horn to t ( ! o!r mu/ always =m a "r angle ) ! direction ( ! sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,diagram ,%[+ ,:y ! ,w9t] ,moon ,runs ,high4 8,!re is ano!r v int]e/+ fact ab\t ! position ( ! moon 9 ! sky :i* we %\ld n neglect to notice4 ,did y ev] obs]ve ! sup]ior brilliancy ( ! light ( ! ,full ,moon 9 w9t]8 ,x is "o ( ! comp5sations t nature (f]s u4 ,s9ce ! ,full ,moon is necess>ily situat$ opposite to ! po9t occupi$ by ! sun1 & s9ce ! sun is f> s\? ( ! equator 9 midw9t]1 x foll[s t at ! same season ! ,full ,moon appe>s high above ! equator 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,y w1 p]haps1 p]mit me to %[ y a diagram int5d$ to expla9 ?is ph5om5on4 ,y obs]ve t ! sun be+ s\? ( ! equator1 9 ! direction indicat$ by ! dott$ l9e1 ! ,full ,moon is correspond+ly situat$ nor? ( ! equator1 & mu/ necess>ily appe> high 9 ! sky at midnight1 :5 ! sun is at its l[e/ decl9ation4 ,?is is ! reason :y ! w9t] ,full ,moons are s brilliant1 mak+ ! sn[-clad hills gleam ) a spl5dor t sometimes dazzles ! eyes ( ! behold]s4 ,9 ! ,arctic regions ! long w9t] night1 :5 ! sun does n rise = mon?s1 is p]iodically bright5$ by ! pres5ce ( ! ,full ,moon4 ,j ! opposite condition ( affairs exi/s 9 summ]4 ,!n ! sun be+ nor? ( ! equator ! ,full ,moon is s\? ( x1 & #8runs l[1' appe>+ 9 high latitudes to skim along ! s\!rn horizon40 8,?ank y1 & n[ ,i w ask y "o m "q10 said my fri5d4 8,i h (t5 he>d ( ! #8,h>ve/ ,moon' & ! #8,hunt]'s ,moon4' ,w y n k9dly expla9 :at is meant by ^! t]ms & :5 ! #8,h>ve/ ,moon' c be se58 ,!re is a poetic sugge/iv5ess 9 ! "n t appeals to me40 8,i w try ) pleasure10 ,i said1 8b ,i fe> t ,i %all h to tr\ble y ) ano!r diagram1 or p]haps ) two40 8,oh1 ,i %all n m9d t at all4 ,i h gr[n us$ to diagrams z well z to ! nom5clature ( ! moon40 8,well1 if my diagrams conduct y\r ?\ghts to ?+s z int]e/+ z _m t lie conceal$ beh9d ! prosaic names on ! moon ,i %all be cont5t4 ,to beg91 !n1 ,i mu/ rem9d y t 9 h] mon?ly j\rney ar\nd ! e>? ! moon moves f we/ t[>d ea/ 9 h] orbit1 & ?us %e gets a little ov] #ab f>!r ea/ e tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 z reckon$ f ! position ( ! sun4 ,! e>? turn+ on its axis 9 ! same direction causes ! moon to appe> to rise 9 ! ea/ & set 9 ! we/ once e tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,b 9 consequ5ce ( ! con/ant ea/w>d motion ( ! moon %e rises at a lat] h\r e night4 ,"h is a graphic repres5tation ( :at ,i mean3 8,! e>? is turn+ on its axis 9 ! direction repres5t$ by ! arr[s1 & simultane\sly ! moon is mov+ 9 its orbit 9 ! same direction1 z is %[n by ! l>ge arr[4 ,suppose t "s night ! moon is se5 ris+ at a p>ticul> h\r f ! po9t ,a on ! e>?4 ,!n1 ! foll[+ night1 :5 ! obs]v] has aga9 arriv$ at ,a1 ) ! rotation ( ! e>?1 ! moon w h advanc$ f ,m#a to ,m#b1 & w n be se5 ris+ until ! po9t occupi$ by ! obs]v] has arriv$ at ,b4 ,?is ret>dation ( ! h\r ( moonrise is v>iable on acc\nt ( *anges 9 ! position ( ! moon1 aris+ f ! incl9ation ( h] orbit to ! plane ( ! equator1 & f ! inequalities ( h] motion1 to :i* ,i h be=e ref]r$4 ,on ! av]age x am\nts to fifty-"o m9utes daily4 ,x v>ies also ) ! di/ance ( ! obs]v] f ! equator1 ! v>iation be+ great] 9 high latitudes4 ,9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york ! ret>dation ( moonrise may be z great z an h\r & a qu>t]1 or z little z tw5ty-?ree m9utes4 ,illu/ration3 ,diagram ,%[+ ,:y ,moon ,rises ,lat] ,e ,night4 8,n[ x is ^u ?is v>iation t ! ph5om5on ( ! #8,h>ve/' & ! #8,hunt]'s ,moon' dep5ds4 ,if ,i _h a cele/ial globe "h ,i c\ld %[ y t at ! "t ( ! ,autumn ,equ9ox1 ,septemb] #bb;d1 :5 ! sun crosses ! equator mov+ s\?w>d1 ! app>5t pa? ( ! moon 9 ! sky int]sects ! ea/]n horizon at a comp>atively small incl9ation4 ,9 o!r words ! moon at t "t in/ead ( ris+ /eeply f ! horizon rises on a long slope almo/ p>allel ) ! horizon4 ,! consequ5ce is t = sev]al ev5+s 9 succession ! ,full ,moon ne> ! "t ( ! ,autumn ,equ9ox may be se5 ris+ j aft] sunset at almo/ ! same h\r4 ,look at ?is second diagram & y w see :y ?is is s4 ,illu/ration3 ,diagram ,illu/rat+ ! ,h>ve/ ,moon4 8,! little circles ,m %[ ! moon at sev]al successive positions 9 h] orbit1 j tw5ty-f\r h\rs ap>t4 ,y p]ceive t 9 consequ5ce ( ! slight incl9ation to ! ea/]n horizon ! s9k+ ( ! latt] caus$ by ! e>?'s rotation w br+ ! moon into view night aft] night at almo/ ! same h\r4 ,9 fact1 9 high nor!rn latitudes l ^? ( ,norway & ,sw$5 ! moon's pa? at ?is "t ( ! ye> may actually co9cide ) ! horizon1 s t = sev]al ev5+s %e w rise at exactly ! same h\r4 ,! "n #8,h>ve/ ,moon' expla9s itself1 s9ce x always occurs at ! "t ( ! autumn h>ve/s & ! v9tage1 & seems to supplem5t ! fad+ daylight = ! b5efit ( late labor]s 9 ! fields4 ,! #8,h>ve/ ,moon' does n occur e ye> at precisely ! same date4 ,x is v r>e t ,full ,moon happ5s to fall j on ,septemb] #bb;d4 ,x usually ei!r prec$es or foll[s t date4 ,! #8,h>ve/ ,moon' is ! ,full ,moon :i* occurs ne>e/ to ! ,autumn ,equ9ox1 ei!r be=e or aft]4 ,! #8,hunt]'s ,moon' is ! fir/ ,full ,moon :i* foll[s ! #8,h>ve/ ,moon4' ,l ! =m] x rises = sev]al successive ev5+s ne> ! same h\r1 b ?is ph5om5on is less m>k$ 9 ! case ( ! #8,hunt]'s ,moon1' because x is f>!r f ! ,equ9ox40 8,?ank y1 aga910 said my fri5d4 8,i %all nev] h5ce=? look at ! moon )\t ?9k+ ( circles1 /raight l9es1 & arr[s z well z ( #8r+ m\nta9s' & #8seas4'0 8,!n y are mak+ good progress t[>d sci5ce10 ,i repli$4 8,"o la/ look1 n[1 at ! photograph ( ! ,old ,moon's sickle1 & !n we _h bett] po/pone our exam9ation ( ! l>ge photographs1 %[+ c]ta9 p>ticul>ly int]e/+ di/ricts on ! moon1 until to-morr[ morn+4 ,!re is "h ano!r int]e/+ po9t = arti/s to note4 ,! convex side ( ! sickle ( ! ,old ,moon1 or ! ,new ,moon1 is always an arc ( a circle1 b ! concave side is nev] circul> al?\gh x is (t5 ?us repres5t$4 ,! concave side1 neglect+ its irregul>ities aris+ f ! diff]5ces ( level & ( brilliancy ( ! lun> surface1 is elliptical 9 outl9e1 t is to say1 x is a semicircle view$ obliquely40 8,:atev] its geometry may be10 repli$ my fri5d1 8x is c]ta9ly v beautiful4 ,good night1 & ,i %all dem& to see ^? l>ge photographs be=e ! sun is v high to-morr[40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,iv ,,great ,,sc5es ,,on ,,! ,,moon ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,iv ,,great ,,sc5es ,,on ,,! ,,moon ,,my fri5d did n leave me 9 d\bt on ! foll[+ morn+ z to ! g5u95ess ( h] int]e/ 9 h] new /udies4 ,! %ad[s ( ! trees 9 ! p>k 7 yet z long drawn out z ! silh\ettes ( lun> peaks at sunrise1 :5 we resum$ our place "u ! elm1 &1 at h] reque/1 ,i op5$ once m my portfolio4 8,! s]ies ( photographs t we are n[ ab\t to exam9e10 ,i began1 8are on s l>ge a scale t only a select$ "p ( ! moon is se5 9 ea* ( !m4 ,b )9 ! re/rict$ limits ( ^! pictures ! am\nt ( detail %[n is truly a/oni%+1 f> m inde$ ?an c be f\nd on ! mo/ elaborate lun> *>ts4 ,^! photographs 7 made by ,mr4 ,rit*ey ) ! great #dj-;in* telescope ( ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory4 ,_m m besides ^? t we are go+ to look at 7 tak5 by him1 b ,i h select$1 :]e *oice 0 difficult1 six :i* seem$ to me to be ( special int]e/4 ,we %all beg9 ) "o :i* cov]s ! l>g] "p ( ! ,m>e ,nubium1 9 ! s\!a/]n qu>t] ( ! moon4 ,y c]ta9ly mu/ rememb] ! ,m>e ,nubium1 = x =ms ! head ( ! #8d>k woman' :om y discov]$ 9 ! moon la/ ev5+1 & if y w hold ?is photograph at arm's l5g? y w see t h] face is unmi/akably /amp$ ^u x40 8,i am greatly flatt]$10 %e repli$1 8t y %\ld rememb] my discov]y s well4 ,i beg9 to feel hopeful t x may yet f9d a place 9 ! books40 8,x c]ta9ly is z des]v+ ( su* a place z _m ?+s t get into books4 ,y ought to f9d a suitable "n = ?is woman 9 ! moon40 8,if ,i believ$ myself capable ( rival+ ! man :o *ri/5$ ! #8,m>% ( a ,dream1' ,i %\ld surely try my h& at lun> nom5clature1 b ,i fe> t ,i %\ld fall too f> %ort ( ! ideal he has set up1 & s ,i %all leave h] nameless40 8,p]mit me !n to cont9ue to call h] ! #8d>k woman' :5ev] a ref]5ce to h] may seem useful 9 fix+ ! localities t we %all talk ab\t 9 ?is photograph4 ,! mo/ /rik+ object %[n 9 ! picture is ! great r+ m\nta9 ,bullialdus :i* =ms an extraord9>y ornam5t on ! top ( ! #8d>k woman's' e>4 ,?is photograph 0 tak5 :5 ! l9e ( sunrise ran j along ! bord] betwe5 ! ,m>e ,nubium & ! ,oceanus ,procell>um4 ,! ,m>e ,humorum is yet buri$ 9 night beyond ! upp] "r-h& edge ( ! picture1 b "s ( its bord]+ m\nta9s & crat]s h be5 t\*$ by ! morn+ sunbeams4 ,y w obs]ve t a little m ?an half ( ! int]ior ( ,bullialdus--:i*1 by ! way1 ,i did n m5tion by "n :5 we 7 /udy+ ! s]ies ( phase photographs--is yet fill$ ) %ad[1 b its d\ble-head$ c5tral peak rises cle> & bright 9 ! sunlight4 ,! %ad[ ( ?is c5tral m\nta9 c be se5 project+ t[>d ! ea/ ov] ! floor4 ,! ea/ wall1 :i* is di/9ctly t]rac$1 lies 9 full sun%9e1 & ! light /ream+ ov] ! l(ty cre/ ( ! we/]n wall t\*es ! floor on its ea/]n half4 ,! /eep out] slopes t lead up to ! we/]n ramp>t1 & ! deep p>allel rav9es cut ne> ! cre/ are cle>ly %[n4 ,! di/ance across ! r+ f ! summit ( ! wall on "o side to t on ! o!r is #ch miles4 ,! dep? ( ! depression is #h1jjj feet bel[ ! cre/ ( ! walls1 b ! latt] rise only #d1jjj feet above ! level ( ! ,m>e ,nubium outside1 s t ,bullialdus is an excell5t example ( ! *>act]i/ic =m ( ! lun> volcano1 :i* ,i tri$ to illu/rate = y la/ ev5+4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 is #c1jjj feet high4 ,ea/ ( ! s\? po9t ( ! r+ a %ad[ %[s ! exi/5ce ( a pr(\nd cleft 9 ! wall1 :ile a little we/ ( s\? appe>s a small] crat] r+ v black ) %ad[1 except on its ea/]n side4 ,if we /ood on ! ,m>e ,nubium & look$ t[>d ,bullialdus & its neighbor f a di/ance ( #be or #cj miles !y w\ld resemble a d\ble1 flat-topp$ m\nta91 ) its s]rat$ cre/s connect$ by a high neck4 ,! summit ( "o ( ! little peaks %[n 9 ! photograph 9 ! pla9 j we/ ( ,bullialdus w\ld =m an excell5t po9t ( obs]vation4 ,/ill f>!r s\? /&s ano!r crat] r+ mo/ ( ^: int]ior is also1 at pres5t1 fill$ ) %ad[4 ,ea/ ( ?is1 & a little f>!r s\?1 is /ill a ?ird r+ ( simil> aspect1 f :i* a curi\s range ( hills runs s\?w>d4 ,return+ to ,bullialdus y w notice ! radiat+ l9es ( hills t surr\nd x1 & p>ticul>ly a m l(ty & brok5 range :i* runs ea/w>d40 ,illu/ration3 ,,bullialdus ,,& ,,! ,m>e ,nubium4 8,bullialdus v]ily fright5s me60 exclaim$ my fri5d4 8,:at an une>?ly look x has6 ,! long] ,i reg>d x ! /rong] becomes ! indescribable impression t x produces4 ,i beg9 to und]/& n[ :at y meant :5 y promis$ to f9d a hi/ory 9 ! moon4 ,truly !re nev] c h be5 su* ano!r hi/ory4 ,i almo/ feel t ,i d n c>e :e!r ! moon ev] _h inhabitants or n4 ,its own /ory is m fasc9at+ ?an t ( any puny race ( be+s1 pass+ _! ephem]al lives ^u its wond]ful surface1 c\ld possibly be40 8,i am glad10 ,i repli$1 8t y h begun to ent] into ! _s ( ^? :o long & c>efully /udy ! e>?'s satellite4 ,y see n[1 t x is n necess>y to ! a/ronom] to f9d evid5ces ei!r ( =m] or ( pres5t life ^u ! moon 9 ord] to /imulate 8 zeal4 ,= him1 z y h y\rself intimat$1 ! relics ( its pa/ hi/ory1 :i* ?is little _w 9 ! sky exhibits s abundantly1 are ( high] int]e/ ?an any /ory ( human empire1 = !y h an incomp>ably va/] !me4 ,b to light5 our labor a little1 let me once m ref] to ! #8d>k woman1' ^: features1 l ! outl9es ( a con/ellation1 s]ve = po9ts ( ref]5ce4 ,i began by rem>k+ t ,bullialdus seems to be plac$ j ov] h] e>4 ,obs]ve n[ t1 tak5 toge!r ) its imm$iate surr\nd+s1 ! great crat] r+ =ms a k9d ( b>b>ic e>-ornam5t ( mo/ extraord9>y =m & ri*ness ( detail4 ,! l9e ( hills ea/ ( ,bullialdus1 ( :i* ,i spoke a few m9utes ago1 connects ! r+ ) a tumbl$ mass ( m\nta9s on ! bord] ( ! ,m>e ,humorum4 ,^! m\nta9s run nor?w>d1 or d[nw>d 9 ! picture1 = a di/ance ( p]haps #aej miles1 & !n turn abruptly we/w>d = a l di/ance2 aft] :i*1 9 ! =m ( a brok5 *a91 con/itut+ ! ea/]n walls ( a r[ ( half-subm]g$ r+ pla9s1 !y *ange direction once m & run s\?w>d 9 ! ,m>e ,nubium4 ,! :ole sy/em be>s "s resemblance to a gigantic buckle40 8,:at is t curi\s object bel[ ,bullialdus :i* resembles an old-fa%ion$ gold e>r+80 8,i 0 ab\t to speak ( t4 ,x is a r+ pla9 nam$ ,lub9iesky1 ab\t #bc miles 9 diamet] ) a wall a ?\s& feet 9 height1 except 9 ! direction ( ,bullialdus :]e x is brok5 d[n4 ,! int]ior is v flat1 & x =ms a f9e example ( ! half-subm]g$ lun> volcanoes :i* ab\nd 9 ?is hemisph]e4 ,x may h _h a c5tral m\nta9 l ,bullialdus1 b if s x has be5 completely buri$ "u ! influx ( molt5 lava or :atev] x 0 t cov]$ ?is "p ( ! moon4 ,! p]fect =m ( ,bullialdus 9 all its details :5 comp>$ ) ! m]e outl9e t rema9s ( ,lub9iesky indicates t ! =m] probably bur/ =? aft] ! inundation ( liquid rock t dr[n$ ! latt]4 ,?us we h 9 ^! two neighbor+ =mations two *apt]s ( lun> hi/ory :i*1 l ! monum5ts ( ,egypt1 tell ! /ory ( widely sep>at$ epo*s4 ,! r[ ( /ill m completely subm]g$ crat] r+s we/w>d f ,lub9iesky & ,bullialdus %[ by _! condition t ! dep? ( ! lava flood 0 probably great] 9 _! vic9ity ?an x 0 f>!r ea/w>d4 8,n[ look s\?w>d f ,bullialdus1 at a di/ance ab\t twice z great z t ( ,lub9iesky & y w see ano!r p>tially subm]g$ r+1 ) a m s]rat$ cre/4 ,! "n ( ?is is ,kies4 ,x is rem>kable = ! l(ty m\nta9 spur :i* sets (f f its s\!rn wall1 & also = ! fact t "o ( ! bright /reaks f ,ty*o--"o ( a p>allel pair t ,i po9t$ out to y la/ ev5+--trav]ses its flat floor & cont9ues on1 broad5+ z x goes1 to a deep crat] r+ :i* we h already notic$1 s\!a/ ( ,bullialdus4 8,s\? ( ,kies1 at ! edge ( ! ,m>e ,nubium1 is a l(ty m\nta9 range ^: summits & slopes are v bright 9 ! sunrise4 ,at "o po9t a great pass breaks ?r\gh ^! m\nta9s1 lead+ to a sort ( bay %ut 9 on all sides by precipices & ! walls ( gigantic crat] r+s4 ,! l>ge crat] r+ at ! ea/]n corn] ( ?is bay is ,capuanus4 ,! small] r+ on its we/]n side ) a conspicu\s crat] on its ea/]n wall is ,ci*us4 ,notice ! f9e %ad[ t ,ci*us ca/s1 ^: po9t$ edge is evid5tly due to ! little crat] on ! wall4 ,t #8little' crat] is six miles across6 ,! tw9 r+s app>5tly t]m9at+ ! m\nta9 mass nor!a/ ( ! bay are ,m]cator & ,capuanus4 ,betwe5 ^! & ,kies y p]ceive two %ort ranges ( small m\nta9s & !n a k9d ( r\nd swell+ ( ! surface ( ! pla9 resembl+ a great m\nd4 ,^! =mations are r>e on ! moon4 ,!y look l bubbles rais$ by imprison$ gases4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey has discov]$ some?+ simil> 9 =m1 b inf9itely inf]ior 9 magnitude1 9 ! great mud bubbles t rise to ! surface ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico (f ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi ,riv]4 ,b ,i d n mean to av] t ! two ph5om5a are simil> 9 orig94 8,ne> ! s\!rn %ore ( ! ,m>e ,nubium appe>s a long1 d>k l9e :i* />ts at ! edge ( a crat] r+1 crosses ! s\!rn arm ( ! #8sea1' evid5tly p5etrates ! bord]+ m\nta9s1 & reappe>s trav]s+ ! d>k bay ne> its nor!rn edge1 cleav+ bo? walls ( a small crat] r+ 9 its way4 8,i %\ld we>y y1 p]haps1 ) too mu* detail if ,i und]took to id5tify all ( ! prom95t objects 9 ?is photograph4 ,return+ to ! s\!rn %ore ( ! ,m>e ,nubium1 ,i %all simply call y\r att5tion to ! v l>ge r+ pla9 ) t]rac$ walls & a peak a little ea/ ( its c5t]4 ,?is is ,pitatus4 ,an enorm\s rav9e breaks ?r\gh its ea/]n side & connects x ) a small] r+ f :i* ! d>k l9e already m5tion$ />ts4 ,?is d>k l9e repres5ts "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable clefts on ! moon4 ,x looks z ?\gh ! cru/ _h be5 split asund] !re ov] a di/ance ( at lea/ #aej miles4 ,x be>s "s resemblance to ! great caon ne> ,ari/>*us & ,h]odotus1 except t ! latt] is v tortu\s & ?is is ne>ly /raight40 8,h ,i n he>d ( some?+ simil> 9 connection ) ! ,cali=nia e>?quake 9 #aijf80 ask$ my fri5d4 8,no d\bt y are ?9k+ ( ! great #8fault' :i* geologi/s h discov]$ (f ! ,pacific coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,!re is p]haps "s resemblance betwe5 ^! ph5om5a4 ,pitatus1 ,i may add1 is #eh miles 9 diamet]4 ,y w obs]ve h[ its s\!rn wall has app>5tly be5 brok5 d[n by ! deluge ( lava :i* buri$ s _m small] r+s 9 ! ,m>e ,nubium4 ,if y w n[ turn y\r att5tion to ! left-h& side ( ! photograph1 some:at above ! c5t]1 y w p]ceive a v /range object1 ! s-call$ #8,/raight ,wall4' ,x lies j we/ ( a l>ge conical crat] pit :i* has a mu* small] pit ne> its we/]n edge4 ,y might easily mi/ake ! #8,/raight ,wall' = an accid5tal m>k 9 ! photograph4 ,x is n absolutely /raight1 & ne> its s\!rn end x makes a slight turn ea/w>d & t]m9ates 9 a curi\s1 bran*$ m\nta91 ^: mo/ conspicu\s "p is cresc5t-%ap$4 ,! wall is ab\t #fe miles 9 l5g? & #ejj feet 9 height4 ,x is z p]p5dicul> on its ea/ face z ! ,palisades on ! ,hudson4 ,x is n a ridge ( hills at all1 b a place :]e ! level ( ! gr\nd sudd5ly falls away4 ,approa*+ x f ! we/ y w\ld probably be unaw>e ( its exi/5ce until y /ood ^u its v]ge4 ,! d>k l9e t we see 9 ! photograph is ! %ad[ ca/ by ! wall ^u ! l[] pla94 ,9 ! lun> aft]noon ! appe>ance is *ang$1 & ! face ( ! cliff is se5 bright ) sunlight4 ,?is curi\s object has attract$ ! att5tion ( /ud5ts ( ! moon = g5]ations1 & _m speculations 7 =m]ly indulg$ 9 conc]n+ its possible artificial orig94 ,x has sometimes be5 call$ ! #8,lun> ,railroad4' ,manife/ly1 :atev] else x may be1 x is n artificial4 ,! close/ analogy p]haps is ) :at we 7 speak+ ( a little :ile ago1 a geological fault1 t is to say1 a l9e 9 ! cru/ ( ! planet :]e ! rocky /rata h be5 brok5 across & "o side has dropp$ to a l[] level4 8,! crat] pit 9 ! ,m>e ,nubium1 ea/ ( ! #8,/raight ,wall1' is nam$ ,birt1 & its tw91 #ge miles f>!r ea/1 is ,nicollet4 ,look n[ at ! hook$ nose ( y\r #8d>k woman4' ,! huge w>t ^u x is a crat] pla9 nam$ ,lassell4 ,betwe5 ! l[] end ( ! #8,/raight ,wall' & ,lassell1 & ov] ! bridge ( ! #8nose1' a w$ge-%ap$ m\nta9 runs out into ! m>e4 ,?is is call$ ! ,promontorium n>ium1 & mu/ h =m$ a magnific5t outlook if ev] a real ocean fl[$ at ! foot ( its cliffs4 ,! r+ ) a crat] on its wall bel[ ,lassell is ,davy4 ,y w note "s v somb] regions scatt]$ ov] ?is "p ( ! ,m>e ,nubium4 ,"o ( !m =ms ! #8d>k woman's' eye1 & j ov] x1 l an eyebr[1 is a curv+ range ( hillocks1 includ+ "s little crat]s4 ,on ! #8*eek'--,i am /ill utiliz+ ! #8d>k woman' z a k9d ( signbo>d--at ! base ( ! #8*91' appe>s a p>tly d\ble range ( l>ge r+ pla9s4 ,! greate/ ( ^!1 at ! bottom1 is nam$ ,fra ,mauro1 & y w notice )9 x a curi\s speckl+ ( small crat]s4 ,adjo9+ ,fra ,mauro on ! s\? are two int]sect+ r+s1 ,b>ry be+ ! "n ( ! we/]n & ,bonpl& t ( ! ea/]n "o4 ,! p>tially subm]g$ r+ is nameless1 z f> z ,i "k1 :ile ! upp] or s\!rn memb] ( ! gr\p1 ) a broad valley %ut 9 betwe5 brok5 m\nta9 walls op5+ out ( its nor!rn side1 is ,gu]ike4 ,!re is only "o o!r object1 on ! extreme l[] "r-h& corn] ( ! picture1 to :i* ,i w ask y\r att5tion4 ,x is a s+ul> range ( m\nta9s ?r[n into a great loop at its nor!rn end1 & kn[n z ! ,riphan ,m\nta9s40 8,x seems to me10 said my fri5d1 putt+ h] elb[ on ! table1 & lean+ h] head a little we>ily on h] h&1 8t !re is a great sam5ess 9 ^! lun> sc5es--always crat] r+s ) or )\t c5tral m\nta9s1 always peaks & ridges & *asms & black %ad[s4 ,truly v>iety is lack+40 8,b :at c\ld y expect80 ,i repli$4 8,is x n en\gh to /imulate y\r curiosity t y are look+ intimately into ! details ( a =eign _w8 ,:5 y g to ,europe y see !re m\nta9s1 pla9s1 riv]s1 lakes1 cities1 p1 absolutely id5tical 9 _! ma9 features ) :at y see 9 ,am]ica4 ,b y f9d !m endlessly int]e/+ because ( _! comp>atively slight diff]5ces f simil> ?+s ) :i* y are famili>1 because ( ! great age ( _m ( ! objects to :i* y\r att5tion is direct$1 because ( ! long c\rse ( hi/ory :i* !y repres5t1 & pr9cipally1 p]haps1 because y are aw>e ( ! s5sation ( be+ f> f home4 ,x ought to be ! same = y "h on ! moon4 ,^! ?+s t we are look+ ^u belong to a globe susp5d$ 9 space #bci1jjj miles f ! e>?4 ,if ! features ( our globe are practically ! same ev]y:]e1 diff]+ only 9 ! arrangem5t ( _! details1 y %\ld n be surpris$ at f9d+ t nature does n v>y f h] rule ( uni=mity on ! moon4 8,9 ! next photograph ( ! s]ies10 ,i cont9u$1 8we h a m>vel\s specim5 ( ! lun> l&scapes4 ,x is p]haps ! mo/ rugg$ region on ! moon4 ,x includes two objects ( supreme int]e/1 ,ty*o1 ! #8,metropolitan ,crat]1' & ,clavius1 ! mo/ rem>kable ( ! r+ pla9s4 ,y w no d\bt recognize ,ty*o at a glance4 ,x is ne> ! c5t] ( ! picture4 ,l ! la/ photograph ?is "o repres5ts an e>ly morn+ sc5e4 ,! we/]n wall ( ,ty*o ?r[s a broad1 irregul> cresc5t ( %ad[ into ! cav]n\s int]ior1 b all ( ! ea/]n1 nor!rn1 & s\!rn sides ( ! wall are illum9at$ on _! inn] faces4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 gr\p is emphasiz$ by its black %ad[4 ,a little close inspection reveals ! exi/5ce ( ! complicat$ sy/em ( t]races by :i* ! walls drop f great] to less] heights until ! deep sunk5 floor is rea*$4 ,! diamet] ( ,ty*o is #ed miles1 & x is at lea/ #ag1jjj feet deep1 measur$ f ! summits ( ! peaks t t[] on bo? ! ea/]n & ! we/]n sides ( its wall4 ,! va/ sy/em ( bright /reaks radiat+ f ,ty*o is n se5 "h1 ! "t :5 ! photograph 0 made be+ too ne> ! sunrise on ?is "p ( ! moon4 ,! di%-%ap$ pla9s cr[d$ ar\nd ,ty*o =m a rem>kable feature ( ?is "p ( ! lun> surface4 ,x w\ld be useless to m5tion !m all by "n1 & ,i %all ask y\r att5tion only to "s ( ! pr9cipal ones40 8,?ank y = be+ s consid]ate10 said my fri5d1 smil+4 8,i am sure t ,i %\ld =get ! names z fa/ z y m5tion$ !m40 ,illu/ration3 ,,ty*o1 ,,clavius1 ,,& ,,_! ,,surr\nd+s4 8,oh1 ,i h no fault to f9d ) y\r memory10 ,i repli$4 8,i d\bt if _m sel5ograph]s c\ld recall !m )\t ref]r+ to a *>t4 ,let u beg9 ) ! greate/ ( all1 ,clavius1 :i*1 y see1 is ne> ! top ( ! picture4 ,i ?9k ,i told y be=e t ,clavius is m ?an #adj miles across4 ,! great pla9 )9 ! walls s9ks #ab1jjj feet bel[ ! cre/ ( ! irregul> r+1 b ! plateau outside1 on ! we/1 is almo/ level ) ! top ( ! r+4 ,x is difficult to imag9e a m wond]ful or impos+ spectacle ?an t :i* ,clavius w\ld pres5t to a p]son approa*+ x f ! we/]n side1 & arriv+ at ab\t ! "t :5 ?is photograph 0 made1 on ! top ( ! wall4 ,notice h[ 9 "o place ! summit ( a ridge1 /&+ (f on ! inn] side ( ! we/]n wall1 has come into ! sunlight1 & ?9k ( ! frightful *asm t mu/ yawn betwe54 ,clavius is s enorm\s t ! two crat] r+s1 ea* ) a c5tral m\nta9 /&+ on its wall1 seem v small 9 comp>ison ) ! giant t c>ries !m1 & yet !y are #be miles 9 diamet]6 ,/ret*$ out into a /raight l9e1 ! trem5d\s wall ( ,clavius w\ld =m a range ( t[]+ m\nta9s1 ext5d+ z f> z f ,buffalo to ,new ,york4 ,look at ! curv$ r[ ( crat]s1 ! smalle/ l>g] ?an any on ! e>?1 :i* runs across ! int]ior4 ,9 addition to ^! !re are _m small] crat]s & m\nta9s /&+ on ! va/ sunk5 pla91 "s ( !m look+ l m]e p9holes1 & yet all ( really great size40 8,truly10 int]rupt$ my li/5]1 8! giantism--,i ?9k t is ! ^w y employ--! giantism ( ! moon appalls me6 ,h[ c ,i ev] ?9k1 aga91 t ! s-call$ great spectacles ( nature on ! e>? are really great8 ,y h de/roy$ my s5se ( proportion4 ,su* imm5se ?+s /&+ on a _w s small z ! moon--:y x seems contr>y to nature's laws40 8,i h already told y t ! v smallness ( ! moon may be ! und]ly+ cause ( ! greatness ( h] surface features4 ,& ,i may n[ add t if y\r imag9$ inhabitants ev] exi/$ !y1 too1 may h be5 affect$ ) #8giantism4' ,a man c\ld be #cf feet tall on ! moon & well proportion$ at t1 )\t los+ any?+ 9 ! way ( activity40 8,inde$6 ,y almo/ make me hope t !re nev] 7 su* inhabitants1 = :at beauty c\ld !re be 9 a human be+ z tall z a tree80 8,v little to our eyes1 p]haps4 ,y recall ! impressions ( ,gulliv] 9 ! l& ( ! ,brobd+nags4 ,h[ev]1 !y are n my inhabitants b y\rs1 & if ! law ( gravitation says t !y mu/ h be5 twelve y>ds tall1 !n twelve y>ds tall !y 74 ,take com=t1 nev]!less1 9 ! reflection t1 aft] all1 we _c positively ass]t t gravitation alone gov]ns ! size ( liv+ be+s on any p>ticul> _w4 ,we h microscopic creatures z well z :ales & elephants on ! e>?1 & human /ature itself is v v>iable40 8,?ank y1 aga94 ,y h sav$ my lun>ians4 ,& n[ please tell me :at is t frightful black *asm above ,clavius80 8,x is a r+ pla9 nam$ ,blancanus1 #ej miles 9 diamet]1 & exce$+ly deep4 ,x is s black & t]rible because complete night yet reigns )9 x1 except on ! face ( its ea/]n wall4 ,x is really a magnific5t =mation :5 well light$1 b l s _m o!r great ?+s x suff]s ?r\gh its ne>ness to ! ov]ma/]+ ,clavius4 ,:5 ,golia? 0 9 ! field 8 fell[ ,phili/9es cut b a sorry figure4 ,look at ! m>vel\s region j bel[ ,blancanus & imag9e y\rself entangl$ 9 t labyr9?6 ,y w\ld h b a small *ance = escape1 ,i fancy40 8,i am sure ,i %\ld nev] h ! he>t to ev5 try to get out ( x4 ,"o might z well give up at once40 8,yes1 y are probably "r4 ,b ,i w direct y to some?+ n q s frightful1 al?\gh /ill v =midable 9 appe>ance4 ,/ill f>!r bel[ y obs]ve a huge r+ pla9 ^: ea/]n wall is brightly illum9at$1 :ile ne>ly all ! int]ior pla91 al?\gh comp>atively d>k 9 tone1 lies 9 ! sun%9e4 ,x is ,longomontanus4 ,i po9t$ x out to y 9 "o ( ! small] photographs4 ,longomontanus is #ij miles across & #ac1jjj or #ad1jjj feet deep1 measur$ f its l(tie/ bord]+ peaks4 ,! v irregul> =mation bel[ x is ,wilhelm ,i4 ,x is rem>kable = ! m\nta9\s "* ( its int]ior40 8,= :at ,william 0 x nam$80 8,i d n "k4 ,we are n[ ne> ! s\!rn bord] ( ! region t we inspect$ 9 ! prec$+ photograph4 ,9 ! l[] "p ( ?is picture y p]ceive "s ( ! project+ bays ( ! ,m>e ,nubium1 & y c see aga9 ! rem>kable cleft ( :i* ,i spoke4 ,! l>ge r+ ne> ! bottom ( ! picture is ,pitatus ) its small] neighbor ,hesiodus4 ,x is f ! ea/]n side ( ! latt] t ! cleft app>5tly />ts4 ,pitatus1 y see1 has a c5tral peak1 :ile ,hesiodus1 z if = ! sake ( contra/1 possesses only a c5tral crat] pit4 ,! rav9e connect+ ! two is pla9ly visible4 ,t[>d ! ea/ y w recognize aga9 ,ci*us1 ) its crat] on ! wall & its broad %ad[ ) a %>p po9t1 :ile /ill f>!r ea/1 on ! v edge ( night1 yawns ,capuanus4 ,! two wall$ pla9s above ,pitatus are ,gauricus on ! left & ,wurzelbau] on ! "r4 ,! hexagonal %ape ( ! =m] is v /rik+4 ,?is is a n uncommon ph5om5on :]e ! lun> volcanoes & r+s are closely cr[d$1 & x sugge/s ! effect ( mutual compression1 l ! cells ( a honeycomb4 ,away ov] 9 ! nor?we/]n corn] is a va/ pla9 m>k$ by a conspicu\s crat] r+ :i* be>s ! />tl+ "n ( ,hell4 ,x borr[s its cognom51 h[ev]1 f an a/ronom]1 & n1 z y might suppose1 f ,dante's #8,inf]no4' 8,be=e quitt+ ?is photograph p]mit me to recall y to ! neighborhood ( ,ty*o & ,clavius4 ,to ! left ( a l9e jo9+ !m y w p]ceive a flat1 oval pla9 ) a mu* brok5 m\nta9 r+4 ,?is is ,mag9us4 ,la/ ev5+ :ile we 7 look+ at "o ( ! small] photographs ,i po9t$ x out "u a m favorable illum9ation1 tell+ y at ! same "t t x possess$ ! peculi>ity ( almo/ completely disappe>+ at ,full ,moon4 ,already1 al?\gh day has n advanc$ v f> ^u x1 y obs]ve t x has become relatively inconspicu\s4 ,?is is a lesson 9 ! curi\s effects ( light & %ad[ 9 alt]nately reveal+ & conceal+ va/ objects on ! moon4 ,y w notice t 9 _m p>ticul>s ,mag9us resembles a r$uc$ copy ( ,clavius4 ,b ! walls ( ,clavius are 9 a comp>atively p]fect condition :ile ^? ( ,mag9us h app>5tly crumbl$ & fall51 de/roy$ by =ces ( ^: nature we c only =m guesses4 ,evid5tly ! de/ruction has n be5 wr\ght1 l t ( "s ( ! r+s 9 ! ,m>e ,nubium1 by an inundation ( liquid rock f b5ea? ! cru/4 ,x resembles ! effects ( ! #8wea!r+' :i* gradually br+s d[n ! m\nta9s ( ! e>?1 b if su* ag5cies ev] act$ ^u ! moon1 !n x mu/ h _h an atmosph]e & an abundance ( wat]4 ,9 any ev5t1 "h be=e u is ano!r page ( lun> *ronology4 ,mag9us is evid5tly f> old] ?an ,clavius2 ,clavius is old] ?an ! crat]s /&+ on its own walls40 ,we n[ took up ! ?ird ( ! l>ge photographs repres5t+ a "p ( ! s\?we/]n qu>t] ( ! moon1 m extraord9>y = its m\nta9s1 plateaus1 & ext9ct volcanoes ?an ! fam\s s\?we/]n region ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 8,"h is some?+ t y w surely recognize )\t any assi/ance10 ,i said4 8,9 ! l[] left-h& corn] ( ! picture is ! great ?ree-l9k *a9 ( crat] r+s1 ( :i* ,!ophilus is ! pr9cipal & mo/ p]fect memb]40 8,oh1 ,i recall !m well10 repli$ my fri5d4 8,& yet !y d n appe> to me exactly ! same z :5 ,i saw !m be=e40 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,s\?we/ ,,on ,,! ,,moon4 8,"o reason = t is because ?is photograph repres5ts !m on a mu* l>g] scale1 & ) inf9itely m detail4 ,ano!r reason is t n[ we are look+ at !m 9 ! lun> aft]noon in/ead ( ! lun> morn+4 ,we are go+ to see !m repres5t$ on a /ill l>g] scale1 pres5tly1 b !re are _m ?+s 9 ?is picture well wor?y ( /udy4 ,advanc+ f ! we/1 ! l9e ( night has fall5 ov] ! extreme ea/]n bord] ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 & ! %ad[s ?r[n by ! sett+ sun po9t we/w>d4 ,obs]ve h[ beautifully ! brightly illum9at$ t]races & mighty cliffs ( ! we/]n wall ( ,!ophilus contra/ ) ! black %ad[ t projects ov] half ( ! int]ior f ! %>p v]ge ( ! ea/]n wall4 ,! complicat$ c5tral m\nta9 is p>ticul>ly well %[n4 ,! l(tie/ peak ( ?is m\nta9 mass1 :i* cov]s #cjj squ>e miles1 is #f1jjj feet 9 height4 ,y w see its %ad[ rea*+ ! foot ( ! we/]n wall4 ,!ophilus is #fd miles 9 diamet]1 t5 miles m ?an ,ty*o1 & x is deep] ?an ,ty*o1 ! floor s9k+ #ah1jjj feet bel[ ! top ( ! highe/ po9t on ! we/]n wall4 ,if x 7 ! focus ( a simil> ray sy/em x w\ld des]ve to be call$ ! #8,metropolitan ,crat]' r ?an ,ty*o4 ,pla9ly1 ,!ophilus 0 =m$ lat] ?an its neighbor ,cyrillus1 because ! s\?we/]n wall ( ! latt] has be5 de/roy$ to make room = ! p]fect r+ ( ,!ophilus4 8,! int]ior ( ,cyrillus1 y w obs]ve1 is v diff]5t f t ( ,!ophilus4 ,! floor is m irregul> & m\nta9\s4 ,! wall1 also1 is mu* m complex ?an t ( ,!ophilus4 ,! brok5 /ate ( ! wall 9 itself is an indication ( ! great] age ( ,cyrillus4 ,on ! s\? an enorm\s pass 9 ! wall ( ,cyrillus leads out ^u a m\nta9-edg$ plateau :i* cont9ues to ! wall ( ! ?ird ( ! great r+s1 ,ca?>9a4 ,?is =mation seems to be ( ab\t ! same age z ,cyrillus1 possibly some:at old]4 ,its wall is m brok5 & worn d[n1 & ! nor!rn ?ird ( ! inclosure is occupi$ by ! wreck ( a l>ge r+4 ,obs]ve ! curi\s r[ ( relatively small crat]s1 ) l[ m\nta9 ranges p>allel+ !m1 :i* beg9s at ! s\?we/]n corn] ( ,cyrillus & runs1 ) int]ruptions1 = #aej miles or m4 ,s\? ( ?is is a broad valley ) small crat]s on its bottom1 & !n comes an elongat$ m\nta9\s region ) a conspicu\s crat] 9 its c5t]1 beyond :i* appe>s ano!r valley1 :i* passes r\nd ! ea/ side ( ,ca?>9a1 :]e x is divid$ 9 ! c5t] by a %ort range ( hills4 ,! s\!a/]n side ( ?is valley is b\nd$ by ! gr& cliffs ( ! ,altai ,m\nta9s1 :i* cont9ue on until !y enc\nt] ! ea/]n wall ( ! great r+ ( ,piccolom9i1 ^: int]ior appe>s entirely d>k 9 ! picture1 only a few peaks on ! wall indicat+ ! outl9es ( ! r+4 ,! s]rat$ %ad[ ( ^! m\nta9s1 ?r[n we/w>d by ! sett+ sun1 =ms "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ features ( ! photograph4 ,! nor!a/]n end ( ! *a9 also t]m9ates at a small] r+ nam$ ,tacitus4 ,y see t ,riccioli 0 r cosmopolitan 9 8 ta/es1 s9ce he has plac$ ! "n ( a ,roman hi/orian also on ! moon4 ,beg9n+ at a po9t on ! cre/ ( ! ,altai range1 s\? ( ,tacitus1 is a v rem>kable *a9 ( small crat]s1 :i* ext5ds ea/w>d to ! s\!rn side ( a beautiful r+ pla9 ) a :ite spot 9 ! c5t]4 ,?is r+ is nam$ ,abulf$a4 ,! *a9 ( small crat]s or pits to :i* ,i h ref]r$ cont9ues1 ?\gh mu* less conspicu\s1 across ! valley t lies nor?we/ ( ! ,altais4 ,x is a v curi\s ph5om5on1 & recalls ! !ory advocat$ by ,w4 ,k4 ,gilb]t1 ! ,am]ican geologi/1 t ! moon's crat]s 7 =m$ n by volcanic eruptions b by ! impact ( gigantic meteorites fall+ ^u ! moon1 & orig9at+1 p]haps1 9 ! de/ruction ( a r+ :i* =m]ly surr\nd$ ! e>?1 some:at z ! planet ,saturn is surr\nd$ by r+s ( meteoric bodies1 :i* may ev5tually be precipitat$ ^u its surface4 ,! moon is m or less pitt$ ) crat]lets 9 all qu>t]s1 b !re are places :]e !y p>ticul>ly ab\nd4 ,on inspect+ ?is photograph c>efully y w p]ceive sev]al r[s ( mu* l>g] pits1 two or ?ree ( !m 9 ! upp] half ( ! picture1 & "o bel[ ! c5t]1 cross+ ! little *a9 ( pits t ,i h j m5tion$4 ,! l9e> arrangem5t ( "s ( ! r+ pla9s is also v /rik+4 ,9 reg>d to ! !ory t ! lun> crat]s 7 =m$ by ! impact ( fall+ masses ,i may m5tion t two di/+ui%$ ,fr5* /ud5ts ( ! moon1 ,messrs4 ,loewy & ,puiseux1 h lately express$ ! op9ion t all ( ! features ( ! lun> surface are mo/ readily explicable z ! result ( causes simil> to ^? :i* h produc$ ! topography ( ! e>?4 ,if t is s !re is no ne$ = u to invoke ! ag5cy ( meteorites 9 pitt+ ! surface ( ! moon4 ,s\? ( ! ,altai ,m\nta9s y w see a s+ul> collocation ( r+ pla9s & crat]s :i* some:at resemble 9 _! arrangem5t ,!ophilus & its neighbors4 ,fir/ comes a l>ge sunk5 pla9 j above ! m\nta9s4 ,9 fact ! ,altai range con/itutes ! nor?we/]n wall ( ?is =mation1 :i* y may recognize by a conspicu\s oval crat] ne> its upp] side4 ,above ?is brok5 r+ appe> ?ree o!r small] ones1 gr\p$ at ! corn]s ( a triangle4 ,! "o on ! "r1 ) a c5tral pit & a small r+ pla9 on ! inside ( its we/]n wall1 is call$ ,zagut4 ,its close neighbor on ! we/ ) mo/ ( its int]ior 9 %ad[1 is ,l9d5au1 rem>kable = its dep?4 ,! mo/ s\!rly & l>ge/ ( ! gr\p1 ) f\r or five l>ge crat] pits =m+ a curv$ r[ across its int]ior1 is nam$ ,rabbi ,levi4 ,/>t+ f ! ea/ side ( ,rabbi ,levi !re is a long r[ ( simil> crat]s r l>g] ?an ^? 9 its int]ior1 :i* runs ea/w>d almo/ to ! edge ( ! photograph4 ,nor? ( ^!1 p>allel ) &1 9 "s in/ances1 t\*+ ! crat] pits1 is an equally rem>kable r[ ( flat1 smoo?1 wall$ valleys1 :i* seem to ov]lap "o ano!r on _! we/]n sides1 & :i* increase 9 size ! f>!r ea/ !y g4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^!1 ) a v irregul> wall1 & hav+ a small] r+ ) a c5tral peak app>5tly atta*$ to its nor!rn side1 is ,gemma ,frisius40 ,my fri5d _h li/5$ to me 9 sil5ce = a long "t1 foll[+ my f+] z x po9t$ out ! v>i\s objects on ! photograph1 b n[ %e int]rupt$ aga93 8,y 7 pleas$ to complim5t my memory a little :ile ago10 %e said1 8b d y really ?9k t ,i c ev] recall all ?is t y h be5 say+1 ) !ories ab\t huge fly+ /ones hitt+ ! moon1 & a /r+ ( ! /range/ names t ,i h ev] he>d appli$ to objects t are no less biz>re80 8,p>don me10 ,i repli$1 8b y w rememb] m ?an y ?9k y w4 ,! v oddity ( ^! ,hebraic & ,arabic names w s]ve to fix !m 9 y\r memory1 s t y w at lea/ recognize !m :5 y see !m aga94 ,^? curi\s objects w also come be=e y\r m9d's eye :5ev] y ?9k (1 or look at1 ! moon4 ,tru/ me :5 ,i tell y t y are =m+ a bett] acqua9tance ) sel5ography ?an y are aw>e (4 ,z to ! !ory t ,i h m5tion$1 :at c appeal m p[]fully to ! imag9ation ?an ! idea ( ! moon be+ bomb>d$ by ! fragm5ts ( an imm5se r+ fall+ f ! sky8 ,! fact t m5 ( sci5ce h believ$ su* a ?+ possible ought to =m a /rong appeal to y\r lively fancy4 ,9 any case1 ,i am dispos$ to be m]ciless j n[1 l a man :o has f\nd a pati5t li/5] to 8 hobby1 & ,i am go+ to tr\ble y ) a few m odd names & s+ul> facts40 8,well10 %e repli$1 ) a sigh1 end+ ) a smile1 8g on4 ,aft] all ,i believe ,i am really int]e/$40 8,i am sure y are1 = :o c\ld fail to be int]e/$ by ?+s s rem>kable 9 !mselves1 & s va/ly beyond all human exp]i5ce1 z ^? t ?is photograph %[s8 ,we /opp$ at ,gemma ,frisius4 ,let u use t = a new />t+ po9t4 ,a consid]able di/ance s\?1 say ab\t a hundr$ miles1 is an old fri5d ( ours1 ,maurolycus4 ,x is ! l>ge r+ pla91 ) ano!r half oblit]at$1 on its s\!rn side1 9 ! upp] "p ( ! picture4 ,notice ! r[ ( wreck$ r+s1 beg9n+ at a great crat] on its nor!a/ wall & runn+ we/w>d4 ,! broad1 flat pla9 directly ea/ ( ,maurolycus is ,/fl]1 ^: "n y w also recall4 ,i %all n tr\ble y ) ! names ( all ! r+s s\? ( ,/fl] & ,maurolycus1 b simply ask y to obs]ve t !y =m a w9d+ r[ :i* leads to a v gr& r+ almo/ entirely buri$ 9 night1 ! inside ( its we/]n wall alone be+ bright ) sun%9e4 ,?is wall1 & "s m\nta9 peaks ne> x1 resemble brilliant isl&s ly+ 9 ! edge ( ! ,cimm]ian ocean ^: e!real waves wa% ! brok5 coa/ ( ! moon4 ,foll[ ! ragg$ sunset l9e d[nw>d1 & all along y w see ^! isl&s ( light 9 ! d>kness2 tips ( m\nta9s /ill %9+ :ile ! sun has set ^u all ! valleys ar\nd1 some:at z y h se5 ! sn[y top ( ,mont ,blanc & ! p9nacles ( its att5dant giants gl[+ aft] ! %ades ( night h fall5 deep ^u ,*am\nix4 8,look next1 if y please1 at ! "r-h& side ( ! photograph4 ,some:at above ! c5t]1 ?ree conspicu\s di%-%ap$ r+ pla9s are se51 two ne> toge!r1 ! ?ird f>!r away t[>d ! left & d[nw>d4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! is ,aliac5sis1 its ne> neighbor is ,w]n]1 & ! ?ird is ,apianus4 ,!y are f #dj to #ej miles 9 diamet]4 ,/ill l[]1 & ne>] ! middle l9e ( ! picture1 is a r[ ( f\r or five r+ pla9s1 v>y+ f #cj to #dj miles 9 diamet]4 ,! upp]mo/1 or mo/ s\!rly ( ^! is d\ble1 or1 9 fact1 p>tly triple1 = ! l[] memb] ( ! pair has a brok5 pla9 atta*$ to its s\!a/]n side4 ,?is "o1 ) a small c5tral peak1 is nam$ ,ab5ezra4 ,its close neighbor on ! s\?we/ is ,azophi4 ,y notice ! s+ul>ity ( ! names4 ,! next "o bel[1 ) a small crat] on its ea/ side1 is ,geb]4 ,!n comes ,almamon1 & f9ally1 l>ge/ ( all1 ,abulf$a1 :i* ,i po9t$ out to y z m>k+ ! end ( ! curi\s r[ ( little crat] pits1 runn+ ea/w>d f ! ,altai ,m\nta9s4 ,!re is j "o o!r =mation to :i* ,i wi% to call y\r att5tion 9 ?is rem>kable photograph1 & !n we %all turn to ! next 9 ! s]ies4 ,we/ ( ,ab5ezra & ,azophi1 ab\t half way to ! ,altai ,m\nta9s1 y w notice a v irregul> depression ) ?ree /rongly m>k$ crat]s )9 x4 ,?is be>s ! "n ( ,sacrobosco1 an old-"t a/ronom]4 ,its ea/]n wall ) its %ad[ looks l an elongat$ lett] ,w /&+ on end4 ,sacrobosco & its surr\nd+s con/itute "o ( ! mo/ intricate regions on ! moon1 high plateaus alt]nat+ ) great sunk5 valleys1 r+s1 crat]s1 & crat] pits4 ,! wall ( ,sacrobosco is extremely irregul> 9 height1 %oot+ up 9 "s places ) peaks ( #ab1jjj feet elevation1 & s9k+ 9 o!rs almo/ to ! level ( ! surr\nd+ plateaus40 ,we n[ took up ! next photograph repres5t+ ,!ophilus & its companions on a greatly enl>g$ scale4 ,my fri5d utt]$ a cry ( a/oni%m5t ^u see+ x4 8,de> me10 %e exclaim$1 8! moon becomes m t]rible e mom5t6 ,positively1 ,i almo/ %r9k f ! sight40 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,giant ,,r+ ,,m\nta9s1 ,,!ophilus ,,& ,,its ,,neighbors4 8,yes10 ,i ass5t$1 8x surely is t]rible "h4 ,9 a little :ile1 h[ev]1 ,i %all %[ y a lun> sc5e ( surpass+ beauty4 ,b /udy ?is spectacle ) an inquir+ m9d & y w f9d t x1 too1 has its attractions4 ,y are n[ look+ ^u ,!ophilus1 ,cyrillus1 ,ca?>9a1 & ! surr\nd+ region z ! a/ronom] sees !m ) ! mo/ p[]ful telescopes4 ,inde$1 ) ! telescope he sees ! details m %>ply ?an !y are visible "h1 = ! be/ photographs /ill lack some?+ 9 di/9ctness4 ,! illum9ation :5 ?is picture 0 tak5 0 practically ! same z 9 ! la/ t we exam9$1 b ! magnification is mu* great]4 ,look1 n[1 at ! c5tral m\nta9 9 ,!ophilus4 ,its great buttresses ca/ _! %ad[s into pr(\nd rav9es & *asms1 imp>t+ to x a mo/ s+ul> outl9e4 ,obs]ve ! too?-%ap$ %ad[s ( its two pr9cipal peaks1 ?r[n we/w>d across ! floor1 :ile ! broad %ad[ ( ! we/]n wall emphasizes ! imm5se dep? ( ! depression4 ,! gl>e ( ! aft]noon sun on ! cliffs ( ! inn] side ( ! ea/]n wall is s brilliant t ! details are obscur$4 ,b ! surface ( ! moon outside1 p>ticul>ly t[>d ! nor? & ! we/1 is beautifully br\ght out ) all its wond]ful modulations & irregul>ities4 ,judg+ by appe>ances1 ^? :o hold t ,!ophilus & simil> =mations1 not)/&+ _! enorm\s magnitude1 are really ( volcanic orig91 h ! /ronge/ reasons = _! op9ions4 ,imm5se fl[s ( lava seem to h tak5 place on all sides ( ! great r+1 ent]+ ! ,m>e ,nect>is on ! we/4 ,notice ! huge m\nta9 fold :i* runs f ! p>allel ridges on ! s\?we/]n side ( ,!ophilus to ! crat] r+ ,beaumont1 ly+ we/ ( ,ca?>9a4 ,obs]ve1 also1 ! complicat$ =m ( ! wall divid+ ,!ophilus & ,cyrillus4 ,two deep rav9es1 %[n by ! %ad[s t fill !m1 cross "o ano!r l ! arms ( a flat lett] ,x4 ,"o ( ^! rav9es turns nor?w>d along ! wall & re-ent]s ,!ophilus1 :ile ! o!r cont9ues = a long di/ance )9 ! we/]n side ( ,cyrillus4 ,i _c imag9e a m int]e/+ or a m /up5d\s excursion = a geologi/1 a m\nta9e]1 or a seek] aft] wond]ful & sublime aspects ( nature1 ?an a climb ar\nd ! cre/ ( ! wall ( ,!ophilus--if inde$ su* a climb c be reg>d$ z humanly possible4 8,n[1 aga91 ,i am rem9d$ ( :at ,i once told y ab\t ! amaz+ contra/s ( light & d>kness1 & ( heat & cold1 ^u ! moon4 ,suppose y\rself /&+ on ! v]ge ( ! ea/]n wall ( ,!ophilus :]e ! edge seems %>pe/1 & look+ d[n into ! abyss at y\r feet4 ,! sun's rays w\ld be unbe>ably hot :]e !y t\*$ y\r face & h&s1 b if y let y\rself d[n a little way into ! blackness b5ea? y w\ld n only pass in/antly into night1 b y w\ld %iv] & %r9k ) cold s frightful t no w9t] exp]i5ce t y h ev] _h c\ld give an idea ( its int5sity4 ,f t po9t ( obs]vation y w\ld look across a *asm ( inky d>kness1 #be miles broad1 & see1 t[]+ up f ! illum9at$ pla9 af> (f1 ) _! summits m ?an two miles bel[ y\r level1 ! brilliant gr\p ( ! c5tral peaks1 :ile beh9d !m ! cre/ ( ! we/]n wall w\ld appe> l a bright l9e on ! horizon #fj miles away4 ,*ang+ y\r place to "o ( ! peaks on ! divid+ wall y w\ld look d[n into ,!ophilus on "o side & ,cyrillus on ! o!r4 ,!n ^u lift+ y\r eyes to ! black1 airless sky y w\ld see ! />s sp>kl+ on all h&s1 &1 hang+ 9 ! heav5s l a port5t\s1 /rangely color$ moon _m times l>g] ?an ! disk ( ! sun1 w\ld appe> ! mottl$ orb ( ! e>?4 ,! t]rific nature ( ! sc5]y ar\nd y1 ! meet+ ( day & night at y\r feet1 & ! incr$ible bl5d+ toge!r ( _! *>act]i/ic aspects 9 ! sky above y1 ! />tl+ magnitude ( ! susp5d$ e>?--all ^! ?+s comb9$ w\ld make y feel z if y 7 n only 9 ano!r _w b 9 ano!r univ]se40 8,i no long] wi% to visit ! moon10 int]rupt$ my fri5d1 %ak+ h] head4 8,n if y 7 assur$ ( a safe return80 8,no1 x w\ld upset my m9d4 ,i am c]ta9 t ,i %\ld g crazy 9 su* a _w :]e ev]y?+ seems to be topsy-turvy40 8,wait until we arrive at ! #8,sea ( ,s]5ity' once m1 & p]haps y w ?9k bett] ( x4 ,not)/&+ ! increas$ magnification1 ! details 9 ,cyrillus & ,ca?>9a are h>dly bett] se5 9 ?is photograph ?an 9 its pr$ecessor1 b ! increase ( size is v effective 9 emphasiz+ "s ( ! features ( ! surr\nd+ di/rict4 ,cyrillus is se5 to h a decid$ hexagonal outl9e1 & we/ ( its s\!rn corn] is an exce$+ly curi\s =mation1 approa*+ closely to a squ>e %ape4 ,! wall is illum9at$ )9 on all f\r sides1 & out ( ! mid/ ( ! loz5ge-%ap$ %ad[ re/+ ov] ! bottom ( ! includ$ valley1 rises a m\nta9 :i*1 l ! walls1 is bright ) sun%9e4 ,on ! s\?we/ a semicircul> ridge runs out into ! d>kness1 its top brightly illum9at$4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! entire =mation is fanta/ic4 ,& c\ld y imag9e a wild] sc5e ?an t pres5t$ by ! elongat$ m\nta9 mass1 :i* />ts f ! s\?we/]n side ( ,cyrillus1 skirts ! bord] ( ,ca?>9a1 & cont9ues on along ! nor?we/]n side ( ! broad valley 9 ! upp] "p ( ! picture8 ,see h[ x has1 app>5tly1 be5 r5t ap>t by trem5d\s =ces & torn by volcanic outbur/s1 :i* h left yawn+ crat]s ev]y:]e4 ,ev5 ! valley itself seems to be simply a *a9 ( wreck$ crat] r+s ( va/ size1 ! cross walls hav+ ne>ly disappe>$4 ,obs]ve1 too1 ! imm5se numb] ( crat] pits ( all sizes scatt]$ ev]y:]e1 bo? inside ! r+ pla9s 7,!ophilus alone hav+ few ( !m7 & ov] ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,we %all see a /ill m rem>kable example ( ?is pitt+ ( ! lun> surface 9 ! neighborhood ( ,cop]nicus1 :i* is ! *ief object 9 ! next photograph t we take up40 ,we came n[ to ! l>ge picture ( ,cop]nicus1 & my fri5d took x 9 h] h&s to exam9e x4 8,x is a m>vel\s ?+ to look ^u10 %e said1 8b x doesn't fright5 me z ,!ophilus did40 8,no1 ,cop]nicus is r sublime ?an t]rify+ 9 aspect4 ,its comp>atively lone situation1 ) ! ,m>e ,nubium1 ! ,oceanus ,procell>um & ! ,m>e ,imbrium surr\nd+ x on all sides ) _! broad1 level expanses1 gives x an appe>ance ( solit>y gr&eur belong+ to no o!r s+le =mation on ! moon4 #8,! mon>* ( ! lun> r+ m\nta9s1' ,mr4 ,elg] has t]m$ x4 ,fir/ let me tell y ! pr9cipal facts kn[n ab\t ,cop]nicus4 ,x is #ef miles 9 diamet]1 two miles m ?an ,ty*o1 & eight less ?an ,!ophilus4 ,x is n z deep z ei!r ( ^? =mations1 ! highe/ po9ts on its walls be+ #ab1jjj feet4 ,b ! walls are m uni=m 9 height ?an is usual ) s ext5sive a r+4 ,!y are v /eep on ! inside1 especially ne> ! top1 :]e _! slope has be5 e/imat$ by ,neison at f #ej to #fj4 ,to a p]son /&+ on _! v]ge !y w\ld seem almo/ p]p5dicul>4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 consi/s ( five pr9cipal peaks4 ,! out] slopes ( ! r+ are also /eep1 b its maximum height above ! surr\nd+ surface does n exce$ #c1jjj or #d1jjj feet1 s t ,cop]nicus1 l ! o!r great r+ m\nta9s1 is1 9 reality1 a va/ s9k1 encircl$ ) a m\nta9 ridge4 ,y w note t ,cop]nicus cle>ly exhibits ! t5d5cy to a hexagonal =m :i* we h obs]v$ else:]e1 al?\gh x /&s alone ) no o!r great r+s press+ aga9/ its walls4 ,curi\sly en\gh ! =m ( ,cop]nicus is v closely repeat$ 9 ! small crat] r+ ,gay ,lussac1 situat$ 9 ! m\nta9s on ! l[] 7nor?7 side4 ,?is picture1 ,i %\ld rem>k1 unlike ! la/ two prec$+ x1 0 tak5 ne> lun> sunrise1 & accord+ly ! light comes f ! we/4 ,?is is ! be/ illum9ation = /udy+ ,cop]nicus & its vic9ity4 ,( all ! great r+ pla9s ,cop]nicus p]haps gives ! mo/ /rik+ te/imony 9 favor ( ! view ( ^? :o hold t ! lun> volcanoes 7 once ! actual c5t]s ( volcanic action1 resembl+ ! volcanoes ( ! e>? 9 ! ejection ( vapors1 a%es1 /ones1 & /reams ( lava4 ,! slopes ar\nd ,cop]nicus = _m miles look z ?\gh !y _h be5 cov]$ ) lava & pitt$ ) m9or crat]s su* z appe> on ! %\ld]s & 9 ! vic9ity ( _m ( our volcanoes1 :ile ! appe>ance ( ! great r+ does n contradict ! !ory ( ,nasmy? & ,c>p5t]1 :i* ,i h previ\sly m5tion$1 t x 0 built up by ejections f a c5tral crat] n[ m or less completely fill$4 ,z ,i h already told y ! lun> volcanoes diff] ess5tially f ^? ( ! e>? 9 t _! c5tral depressions lie deep b5ea? ! level ( ! surr\nd+ surface ( ! moon4 ,?is is /rik+ly true ( ,cop]nicus1 & x is a result t might h be5 =ese5 f ! enorm\s size ( ! crat]s4 ,a m\nta9 ( suffici5t magnitude to c>ry ! va/ cup ( ,cop]nicus on its head1 z ,vesuvius1 ,etna1 ,cotopaxi1 & ,popocatepetl c>ry _! crat]s1 c\ld n /& ev5 on ! moon4 ,obs]ve ! g5]ally radial arrangem5t ( ! l9es ab\t ,cop]nicus1 recall+ ! simil> arrangem5t ( lava fl[s ab\t t]re/rial volcanoes4 ,"s ( ^! l9es1 z y w see1 consi/ ( long r[s ( pits4 ,simil> ph5om5a may be se5 along ! lava /reams t we are famili> ) on our planet1 :]e small crat]s break =? "o aft] ano!r4 ,a /rik+ example ( ?is arrangem5t is visible 9 ! photograph on ! nor!a/]n slope lead+ up t[>d ! ,cop]nicus r+4 ,b y w also see _m v rem>kable r[s ( pits 9 ! vic9ity ( ,cop]nicus :i* are n radial 9 arrangem5t ) respect to ! r+4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s ( ^! is on ! nor?we/]n side1 ab\t half way betwe5 ,cop]nicus & ! r+ ( ,erato/h5es1 :i* /&+ at ! upp] end ( ! *a9 ( ! ,ap5n9es appe>s at ! left-h& edge ( ! picture4 ,!re are hundr$s1 probably ?\s&s1 ( ^! pits on all sides ( ,cop]nicus4 8,"o ( ! explanations t has be5 sugge/$ = !m is t !y 7 produc$ by ! fall ( enorm\s volcanic bombs ?r[n f ,cop]nicus :5 x 0 9 eruption4 ,i wi% m]ely to m5tion ?is idea )\t comm5t4 ,x h[ev] calls up ano!r int]e/+ !ory1 :i* has n met ) mu* acceptance1 to ! effect t su* lun> volcanoes z ,cop]nicus may h be5 p[]ful en\gh to eject masses ( lava & rocks ) a velocity suffici5t to enable !m to escape f ! attraction ( ! moon1 :]eupon !y became meteorites travel+ 9 indep5d5t orbits ar\nd ! sun4 ,"s ( ^!1 ! !ory sugge/s1 may be among ^? t h fall5 ^u ! e>?4 ,a velocity ( a mile & a half p] second w\ld be suffici5t to ov]come ! gravitation ( ! moon4 ,t is only ?ree or f\r times ! initial velocity :i* "s mod]n guns are capable ( imp>t+ to _! projectiles40 8,i am sorry10 expla9$ my fri5d1 8t y seem to atta* little importance to s int]e/+ a !ory4 ,x /irs my imag9ation to ?9k ( ! moon s5d+ bits ( h]self back to h] "m planet4 ,= my "p1 ! !ory does n seem to be any h>d] to believe ?an t ( y\r ,pr(essor ,d>w9 t ! :ole moon 0 ?r[n (f f ! e>?4 ,besides1 x int5sifies my appreciation ( ! gr&eur ( ,cop]nicus :5 ,i am told t t great volcano c\ld once bomb>d ! e>? across--:at is x1 #bdj1jjj miles8--( space40 8,z y always *oose ! mo/ picturesque !ories to re/ y\r belief ^u1 ,i %all n compla9 if y accept ! lun> volcano !ory ( meteorites10 ,i repli$4 8,b1 = ! pres5t1 we h done ) x1 & ,i am n[ go+ to ask y to inspect ! photograph = o!r int]e/+ objects4 ,ea/ & nor? ( ! great r+ y w see an ext5sive mass ( m\nta9s4 ,^? on ! nor?1 ) imm5se buttresses project+ into ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 are ! lun> ,c>pa?ians4 ,i h already direct$ y\r att5tion to a comp>atively small crat] r+ :i* resembles a r$uc$ copy ( ,cop]nicus1 situat$ 9 ^! m\nta9s at ! head ( a bay :i* p5etrates s\?w>d betwe5 high ridges1 = ab\t #cj miles4 ,?is crat] is nam$ ,gay ,lussac4 ,x has a small deep neighbor on ! s\?we/4 ,we/ ( ,gay ,lussac ! ,c>pa?ians gradually dw9dle away until !y s9k to ! level ( ! pla94 ,t[>d ! ea/ !y project 9 sev]al bold headl&s1 t]m9at+ ) t[]+ peaks into ! #8sea4' ,ly+ (f ! po9t ( ! headl& on ! we/]n side ( ! bay t leads to ,gay ,lussac y w p]ceive two *>m+ little crat]s1 almo/ p]fect tw9s4 ,mu* f>!r t[>d ! nor? & we/ is a l>g] crat]1 m ?an half ( ^: int]ior is black ) %ad[4 ,?is is ,py!as4 ,its lonely situation is v /rik+1 b ^u close inspection y w notice t a l[ range ( hills appe>s to connect x ) ! tw9 crat]s t ,i h j po9t$ out4 ,?is range ( hills1 ly+ on ! #8sea' bottom1 is curi\sly =k$1 ! o!r bran* lead+ to a pair ( small peaks 9 ! #8sea1' :i* possess no crat]s4 ,! little crat] ea/ ( ,py!as is also a beautiful object 9 ! picture4 8,ne> ! ea/]n end ( ! ,c>pa?ians ! m\nta9s make _! greate/ advance into ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 leav+ a l>ge squ>e-corn]$ bay on ! we/4 ,f ?is po9t !y turn s\?w>d1 =m+ a complicat$ mass ( peaks & ridges int]sp]s$ ) crat]s & pits4 ,^! m\nta9s ea/ ( ,cop]nicus are among ! mo/ s+ul> ^u ! moon1 = !y inclose a gr\p ( irregul>-%ap$ pla9s1 ! walls ( :i* consi/ ( imm5se1 m or less sep>ate1 masses4 ,look at ! "o ne>e/ to ,cop]nicus1 :i* has some:at ! =m ( a />fi%1 & obs]ve h[ curi\sly its s\!rn bord] reflects1 on a small] scale1 ! =ms *>act]i/ic ( ! headl&s & bays along ! %ore ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium bel[4 8,above ,cop]nicus y see a l>ge crat] r+ m ?an half 9 %ad[1 ) a pla9 ( an irregul> hexagonal %ape1 nor?we/ ( x4 ,! l>ge r+ is nam$ ,re9hold4 ,a brok5 mass ( m\nta9s ext5ds f its s\!rn side f> into ! ,m>e ,nubium4 ,9 ! upp] "r-h& corn] ( ! picture is ano!r l>ge r+ call$ ,l&sb]g4 ,9 ! upp] left-h& corn] y see a r\ghly hexagonal r+ pla91 level on ! int]ior1 nam$ ,gamb>t4 ,m\nta9s break ! level ( ! m>e bo? s\? & nor? ( ,gamb>t4 ,^? on ! nor? are rem>kable = ! d>kness ( ! surface1 especially 9 ! nor?we/]n "p4 8,almo/ directly we/ ( ,cop]nicus lies an exce$+ly s+ul> object4 ,x is a "p ( ! und]world ( ! moon1 ! buri$ moon1 :i* 0 cov]$ up ages ago by t imm5se outgu% ( lava ( :i* ,i h s (t5 spok54 ,once evid5tly x 0 a r+ l>g] ?an ,erato/h5es4 ,n[1 only its outl9es c be trac$1 ! :ole imm5se depression ( ! int]ior & ! surr\nd+ walls to _! v top hav+ be5 cov]$ up4 ,x is pitt$ & surr\nd$ ) little crat]s ( a lat] date4 ,i h already told y t ,erato/h5es1 ! r+ at ! left-h& edge ( ! photograph1 m>ks ! t]m9ation ( ! great range ( ! lun> ,ap5n9es4 ,b ^! m\nta9s seem to be cont9u$ beyond ,erato/h5es 9 two %ort bran*es1 "o turn+ ea/w>d t[>d ! ,c>pa?ians1 & ! o!r rea*+ to ! highe/ "p ( ! buri$ wall ( ! subm]g$ r+ t we h be5 talk+ ab\t & :i* be>s ! "n ( ,/adius4 ,y w be int]e/$ 9 kn[+ t s\?we/ ( ,/adius1 b (f ! edge ( ! picture1 !re is a place 9 :i* l[ hills & ridges ab\nd1 :]e ! ,g]man a/ronom] ,s*rt] imag9$ t he _h discov]$ a lun> city6 ,8 mi/ake 01 p]haps1 natural1 consid]+ ! slight p[] ( 8 telescope & ! /rangely regul> arrangem5t ( ! l9es ( hills :i* he mi/ook = /reets40 8,i regret t he 0 deceiv$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,two ,,great ,,lun> 8,,seas0 ,! ,m>e ,s]5itatis & a ,"p ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 8,s d ,i4 ,we %all n[ leave ,cop]nicus & its m>vel\s surr\nd+s1 & turn to ! la/ photograph 9 our s]ies1 repres5t+ ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis 9 its full ext5t1 & a l>ge "p ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,is x n a beautiful picture80 8,x is1 inde$1 b s /range60 8,!re is1 ,i believe1 no?+ 9 ! lun> _w t w\ld n seem /range to our eyes4 ,to und]/& j :at ?is picture means y %\ld imag9e y\rself float+ 9 an air%ip at an imm5se height above ! surface ( ! moon4 ,! ,m>e ,s]5itatis y w recognize z ! great oval pla9 occupy+ ! upp] left-h& "p ( ! photograph4 ,x is entirely encircl$ by m\nta9s except 9 ?ree places--at its ea/]n end1 :]e a broad /rait op5s betwe5 ! ,ap5n9es on ! s\? & ! ,caucasus on ! nor?1 lead+ into ! ,m>e ,imbrium2 on ! nor?we/1 :]e ano!r /rait op5s into ! ,lacus ,somniorum1 ! #8,lake ( ! ,sleep]s1' or #8,! ,dream]s1' & on ! s\?we/1 :]e a ?ird /rait ) a conspicu\s crat] 9 its c5t] leads into ! ,m>e ,tranquillitatis4 ,! ,m>e ,s]5itatis is #dcj miles long & ne>ly z broad1 & cov]s an area ( ab\t #abe1jjj squ>e miles4 ,a great _m details are visible on its floor4 ,ev5 if x 7 cov]$ ) wat] we might see ^!1 =1 z y h probably he>d1 ! bottom ( deep lakes is visible :5 "o looks d[n ^u !m f a great height4 ,! surface ( wat]1 h[ev]1 at c]ta9 angles ( view & ( illum9ation1 w\ld produce fla%es & gl>es ( light :i* are nev] se5 on ?is va/ lun> pla940 8,oh1 b x mu/ once h be5 a sea10 said my fri5d1 por+ ov] ! photograph4 8,i _c give up t idea4 ,x gives ! int]e/ ( life to ! moon1 if n n[ at lea/ 9 ! pa/40 8,y are by no means compell$ to give up y\r idea10 ,i repli$4 8,on ! contr>y y are support$ by ! op9ion ( _m a/ronom]s1 includ+ ,messrs4 ,loewy & ,puiseux1 :om ,i quot$ a little :ile ago4 ,!y av] t ! resemblances betwe5 ! lun> m>es & ! b$s ( our t]re/rial oceans are too num]\s & too decid$ to p]mit any o!r conclusion ?an t 9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r a deep cov]+ ( wat] has produc$ ! *>act]i/ic features4 ,"o /rik+ resemblance t !y note is 9 ! surface cont\rs4 ,! lun> sea b$s are g5]ally deepe/ along ! %ores2 ! same is true ( ! t]re/rial seas4 ,cont95ts on ! o!r h& are *>act]iz$ by concave surfaces4 ,b be=e we /udy ! two lun> #8seas' 9 detail let u fir/ look at _! %ores & surr\nd+s4 ,! upp] & "r-h& sides ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis are bord]$ by hundr$s ( miles ( magnific5t cliffs1 :i* 9 _m places are v /eep & ( great height4 ,^! =m :at we may call ! sea front ( ! ,hmus ,m\nta9s1 :i* jo9 ! lun> ,ap5n9es on ! s\!rn %ore ( ! /rait lead+ into ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,^! m\nta9s possess "o conspicu\s crat]1 set l a gem 9 ! *a91 at ab\t a ?ird ( its l5g? f ! we/]n end4 ,?is crat] is ,m5elaus1 :i* we saw 9 "o ( ! small] photographs4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by its exceptional brilliance z well z by ! fact t ! longe/ ( ! bright b&s t />t f ,ty*o passes ?r\gh x1 & !n cont9ues on across ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis & ! ,lacus ,somniorum1 to ! ,m>e ,frigoris4 ,?is b&1 m ?an #b1jjj miles long1 has come all ! way f ,ty*o1 high 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 nev] turn+ aside to avoid any?+ 9 its pa?4 ,m\nta9s1 crat]s1 & r+ pla9s are equally indiff]5t to x4 ,x is l a ,roman road1 & l t1 too1 x sugge/s = its creation a p[] t knew no ma/]1 & admitt$ ( nei!r rivalry nor opposition4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is my/]i\s b& increases ! difficulty ( f9d+ a satisfactory explanation ( ! ,ty*onic rays4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! m>e ! b& or ray crosses ano!r lone crat]1 #ad miles 9 diamet]1 nam$ ,bessel4 ,! full l5g? ( ! ray is n %[n 9 ?is photograph1 b on its way f ,bessel x t\*es two o!r small crat]s 9 ! #8sea4' 8,t portion ( ! ,hmus range 9 :i* ,m5elaus is set is a v attractive sc5e on acc\nt ( ! b[ %ape ( ! m\nta9s1 & ! situation ( ! bright crat] j 9 ! c5t] ( ! b[4 ,m5elaus & ! /reak f ,ty*o c be se5 at ,full ,moon ) no great] optical aid ?an t ( a good b9ocul>4 ,on ! edge ( ! #8sea1' (f a l(ty headl& ( ! ,hmus *a91 ano!r lone little crat] is visible1 ,sulpicius ,gallus by "n4 ,x1 too1 is rem>kable = its brilliant reflective p[]4 ,beh9d ! m\nta9s1 directly back ( ,sulpicius ,gallus1 & ly+ 9 an uprais$ "p ( ! ,m>e ,vaporum1 is a l>g]1 & ev5 bright]1 crat] r+ ?an ,m5elaus4 ,x is nam$ ,manilius1 & is likewise a conspicu\s object = a b9ocul> at ,full ,moon4 ,bel[ ,sulpicius ,gallus ! ,hmus ,m\nta9s broad5 out & assume a curi\s somb] tone1 until1 9 ! =m ( a r\gh plateau1 !y bl5d ) ! wide-exp&$ s\?we/]n slopes ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,! latt] rise gradually to ! *a9 ( huge peaks front+ ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,!y conta9 "o notable crat] r+ nam$ ,m>co ,polo1 :i* lies j above a great squ>e massif1 :i* breaks ! n>r[ *a9 ( ! illum9at$ summits ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,! precipit\s front ( ?is range appe>s v brilliant 9 ! aft]noon sun1 = "h aga9 we h a photograph made aft] ! "t ( ,full ,moon4 ,! end ( ! ,ap5n9es t\*+ ! /rait1 ( :i* ,i h previ\sly spok51 t]m9ates ) a high cape call$ ,m\nt ,hadley4 ,9 ! /rait1 (f ?is cape1 is an array ( small m\nta9 peaks1 :i* mu/ h be5 isl&s1 if ! lun> #8seas' 7 once true seas4 8,across ! /rait1 on ! nor!rn side1 /& ! lun> ,caucasus ,m\nta9s4 ,!y run out to a po9t 9 a long1 irregul>1 brok5 ridge4 ,! di/ance f ,m\nt ,hadley across ! /rait to ! project+ po9t ( ! ,caucasus range is ab\t #ej miles4 ,! isl&s n>r[ ! ma9 op5+ to a wid? ( #cj miles4 ,9 /rict fact ! ,caucasus range is n cont9u\s4 ,! po9t front+ ! /rait is1 9 reality1 ! end ( a l>ge irregul> #8isl&1' ) intricate *annels sep>at+ x f ! ma9l&4 ,/ill f>!r nor? ! photograph %[s a broad valley sev]+ ! m\nta9 range f side to side4 ,! ma9 mass ( ! ,caucasus cont9ues nor?w>d to ! great r+ m\nta9s ,eudoxus & ,ari/oteles4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ! range1 opposite ! l[] corn] ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 is an irregul> r+ pla91 ,calippus4 ,we/ ( ?is ! m\nta9s break d[n 9 great precipices to ! level ( a pla9 t might be comp>$ ) "o ( ! #8p>ks' ( ,colorado4 ,beyond ?is1 9 ! %ape ( a broad mass ( hills1 x skirts ! bord] ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis = ne>ly #bjj miles to a %>p promontory :i* %uts (f ! ,lacus ,somniorum on "o side f ! m>e4 ,we/ ( ,ari/oteles & ,eudoxus ! m\nta9 mass ext5ds to a curi\s %>p-angl$ pla91 :i* x skirts on ! nor? & s\?4 8,! we/]n %ore ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis beyond ! /rait op5+ into ! ,lacus ,somniorum is bord]$ by a s]ies ( alt]nat+ r+ pla9s & connect+ m\nta9s4 ,! fir/ & l>ge/ ( ! r+s is ,posidonius1 an imm5se =mation #fb miles 9 diamet]1 ) a c5tral crat] & curi\s ridges )9 ! inclosure4 ,above ,posidonius is ,le ,monni]1 a r+ pla9 ^: #8seaw>d' wall has be5 brok5 d[n4 ,above t1 aga91 is a m\nta9 range t]m9at+ ) brok5 crat] r+s4 ,!n we arrive at ! /rait op5+ into ! ,m>e ,tranquillitatis1 :i* is twice z broad z t betwe5 ! ,ap5n9es & ! ,caucasus1 & j 9 ! middle ( x /&s a v p]fect crat] r+ nam$ ,dawes4 ,on ! ea/]n side ( ?is /rait ! ,hmus ,m\nta9s beg9 ) a long cape call$ ! ,promontory ,a*]usia4 ,above ?is promontory1 at ! edge ( ! picture1 appe>s ! r+ pla9 ,pl9ius1 ) a di/9ct c5tral peak4 ,?is completes ! circuit ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis4 8,we return to ! ,caucasus region4 ,^! m\nta9s front ! ,m>e ,imbrium along ! upp] "p ( _! c\rse ) %>p slopes & cliffs4 ,9 ! #8sea1' ne>ly opposite ! deep1 broad valley :i* ,i po9t$ out z divid+ ! range completely across1 /&s a triangul>-%ap$ r+ pla9 d>k ) %ad[ on "o ( its sides4 ,?is is ,!tetus1 int]e/+ z ! sc5e ( an alleg$ display ( #8smoke1' report$ to h be5 witness$ by a ,fr5* obs]v] ) 8 telescope a few ye>s ago4 ,sev]al occurr5ces ( ?is k9d h be5 report$ on ! moon1 b m or less d\bt atta*es 9 e in/ance ! accuracy ( ! obs]vations1 or at lea/ to t ( ! conclusions drawn f !m4 ,bel[ ,!tetus is an oval r+ almo/ entirely fill$ up1 ) two crat]s )9 x4 ,?is is nam$ ,cass9i4 ,bel[ ,cass9i beg9s ano!r mass ( m\nta9s1 ! lun> ,alps4 ,^! are by no means z ext5sive z ! ,caucasus1 b !y conta9 "s l(ty peaks1 & are trav]s$ by "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable valleys on ! moon4 ,x is n v di/9ctly %[n 9 ?is picture1 b y may recognize x by a d>k b& comm5c+ opposite a small bay :i* sets back into ! m\nta9s4 ,! valley cont9ues ?r\gh ! m\nta9s & ! adjo9+ hilly regions ne>ly to ! %ore ( ! n>r[ ,m>e ,frigoris1 :i* runs 9 a slop+ direction f beyond ,ari/oteles to ! bottom edge ( ! picture4 ,! ,alps spread ea/w>d1 broad5+ out ) _m sep>ate peaks1 & skirt+ ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 until !y rea* "o ( ! mo/ s+ul> & int]e/+ ( lun> =mations1 ! oval r+ pla9 ,plato4 ,?is looks l a d>k lake surr\nd$ by high cliffs4 ,9 ! photograph all ( ! encircl+ wall is illum9at$ on ! inn] side except at ! ea/ end1 :]e ! %ad[s ext5d a %ort di/ance ^u ! floor4 ,plato looks z ?\gh x might once h be5 a r+ m\nta9 ( ! usual type1 :i* has be5 p>tly fill$ 9 ! int]ior by a local upru% ( molt5 lava4 ,! diamet] ( ! r+ is #fj miles1 b ! inclosure s9ks only ab\t half z deep b5ea? ! cre/ ( ! wall1 z is ! rule ) =mations ( simil> outl9e4 ,a c5tral peak1 a gr\p ( m\nta9s1 may be buri$ !re4 8,x is )9 ?is r+ ( ,plato t "s ( ! /ronge/ evid5ces ( cont9u$ *ange1 & possibly ( cont9u$ life ^u ! moon1 h be5 f\nd4 ,pr(4 ,william ,h4 ,pick]+1 aft] long & c>eful /udies ( ?is rem>kable pla91 says ( x3 8#8,plato is1 ,i believe1 m active 9 a volcanic s5se ?an any area ( simil> size ^u ! e>?4 ,!re seems to be no evid5ce ( lava1 b ! :ite /reaks indicate app>5tly some?+ analog\s to sn[ or cl\ds4 ,!re mu/ be a c]ta9 escape ( gases1 presumably /eam & c>bonic acid1 ! =m] ( :i* probably aids 9 ! production ( ! :ite m>k+s4' 8,! :ite m>ks to :i* ,pr(essor ,pick]+ ref]s are b fa9tly indicat$ 9 ! photograph be=e u1 b ) ! telescope1 :5 ! illum9ation is favorable1 !y are pla9ly se54 ,!re are a numb] ( v small crat] pits scatt]$ ov] ! floor ( ,plato1 & ar\nd ^! *anges ( color occur :i* h be5 ascrib$ to ! emission ( "s sub/ance f ! pits & to ! pres5ce ( vegetation1 n\ri%$ by ! gases & vapors1 & spr++ into r5ew$ life e "t ! sun rises ^u ! pla94 ,broad areas ( ! inclosure gradually *ange color z ! sun rises1 & aga9 z ! sun sets1 & ^! ph5om5a h also be5 ascrib$ to ! pres5ce ( vegetation4 ,y may1 if y wi%1 reg>d ,plato z a k9d ( m\nta9-r+$ prairie1 cov]$ ) some?+ analog\s to prairie grass & %rubs1 :i* dep5ds = its exi/5ce1 p>tly1 ^u ! supply ( gases spread+ ov] ! surface f ! crat] pits40 8,s ?is1 !n1 is y\r #8lun> grass'80 8,yes1 b n all ( x4 ,m>k1 ,i d n av] t x actually exi/s2 ,i only say t x has be5 suspect$ to exi/4 ,on "s ( ! m>es simil> appe>ances are se51 z ,i h already told y1 on a mu* m ext5sive scale1 & ,i may aga9 quote ,pr(essor ,pick]+1 :o says t "s ( 8 obs]vations #8po9t v /rongly to ! exi/5ce ( vegetation ^u ! surface ( ! moon 9 l>ge quantities at ! pres5t "t4'0 8,does ?is vegetation resemble t ( ! e>?80 8,i _c tell y40 8,b :]e vegetation exi/s animal life is possible1 is x n80 8,yes1 x is possible40 8,:at =ms w\ld x h80 8,i _c tell y4 ,b ,i c]ta9ly %\ld n expect to f9d manlike creatures !re40 8,oh1 m5 are n necess>y ev]y:]e10 said my fri5d1 laugh+4 8,i am cont5t if y admit t !re may be liv+ creatures ( "s k9d4 ,h5ce=? ,i %all nev] =get ,plato & ! o!r places on ! moon :]e su* significant *anges are se540 8,i %all pres5tly po9t out to y "o ( ! mo/ notable ( ^? o!r places10 ,i repli$4 8,let me n[ fulfill my promise to tell y m ab\t ! lun> atmosph]e4 ,i h told y already t !re are /rong reasons = suppos+ t ! moon once _h a f> m d5se atmosph]e ?an %e possesses at pres5t1 & ,i h m5tion$ "s ( ! ways 9 :i* ?is atmosph]e is suppos$ to h disappe>$4 ,i ?9k t x is wor? our :ile to ref] to !m aga94 ,9 ! fir/ place ! moon's atmosph]e may h be5 )drawn into va/ int]nal cavities =m$ by ! gigantic volcanic eruptions4 ,secondly1 x may h be5 absorb$ bo? me*anically & *emically by ! core ( ! moon z x cool$ (f4 ,we "k t cool+ rocks absorb imm5se quantities ( ! gases con/itut+ ! air we brea!4 ,9 fact we may look =w>d to a "t1 =tunately = u extremely remote1 :5 ! int]ior rocks ( ! e>? w1 9 ?is mann]1 absorb p]haps all ( its atmosph]e40 8,b if ! air ( ! moon has gone into great cavities 9 ! int]ior1 :y might n ! liv+ be+s ( ! moon h foll[$ x !re80 8,accord+ to "s ( ! !ori/s10 ,i answ]$1 8t may really be :at has occurr$1 & ?us ! moon has become a #8cav]n _w' on a gigantic scale4 ,b sci5ce does n reg>d s]i\sly ^! speculations ab\t #8cave life' 9 ! moon4 ,a ?ird hypo!sis is t :i* ,i h m5tion$ conc]n+ ! escape ( ! atmosph]ic gases f ! moon on acc\nt ( its attraction be+ insuffici5t p]man5tly to reta9 !m4 ,?is process w\ld be gradual1 because ! molecules ( a gas fly 9 all directions1 only a small proportion hav+ _! trajectories directly away f ! c5t] ( ! globe on :i* !y are held4 ,b a s+ul> consequ5ce ( ?is !ory is t int]planet>y space mu/ conta9 an enorm\s numb] ( su* w&]+ molecules1 & e attract+ body mu/ draw m or less ( !m to its surface1 ?us =m+ an atmosph]e = itself4 ,z ,pr(essor ,"y has rem>k$1 if z _m ( ^! molecules ent] a planet's atmosph]e 9 a day z escape f x !re c be no decrease ( ! total am\nt ( air4 ,if m escape ?an ent]1 ! atmosph]e w dim9i%4 ,if m ent] ?an escape1 ! atmosph]e w gr[4 ,f9ally if none escape ! atmosph]e may increase indef9itely4 ,?is1 z f> z ! effect ( gravitation is conc]n$1 %\ld be ! case on ! sun1 = ! sol> attraction is m ?an suffici5t to reta9 any gas kn[n to u4 ,9 consequ5ce1 ! sun's atmosph]e may be increas+ 9 ext5t & d5sity4 ,ev5 ! e>?'s atmosph]e may be sl[ly increas+ f ?is cause1 & h]e9 may lie ! explanation ( ! enorm\s atmosph]e surr\nd+ ! great planet ,jupit]4 8,9 view ( :at ,i h said x is evid5t t ! moon _c be entirely airless4 ,rec5t obs]vations h confirm$ ?is conclusion1 & "s obs]v]s h ?\ght t !y c\ld detect ! pres5ce ( some?+ resembl+ cl\ds occasionally creep+ l l[ fogs ov] c]ta9 places on ! moon4 ,all ?is1 y w obs]ve1 has an important be>+ ^u ! "q ( life on ! moon at ! pres5t day4 ,c]ta9 =ms ( plant life & l[ animal organizations might exi/ 9 su* an atmosph]e z ! moon /ill possesses40 8,b10 int]ject$ my fri5d1 8is n ?is t y h be5 tell+ me 9 contradiction to :at y said ab\t ! cause ( ! %>p division betwe5 day & night on ! moon1 & ab\t ! visibility ( ! />s !re 9 ! daytime80 8,n at all10 ,i repli$1 8= ! effects ( :i* ,i spoke are relative4 ,9 any case ! atmosph]e ( ! moon mu/ be too r>e to diffuse any p]ceptible am\nt ( light into ! %ad[s1 or to illum9ate ! sky suffici5tly to r5d] ! />s invisible4 ,! same reason+ applies to :at ,i h told y ab\t ! contra/s ( cold & heat on ! moon4 8,b we h n yet f9i%$ ) our photograph4 ,we 7 look+ at ! pla9 ( ,plato1 y w recollect4 ,notice1 n[1 ! ,m>e ,imbrium (f ! coa/ t adjo9s ,plato on ! s\?4 ,y see !re sev]al bright spots resembl+ isl&s4 ,isl&s !y mu/ h be5 if ! m>e once _h wat] cov]+ x4 ,"o ( ^!1 /&+ by itself1 an irregul>1 bright clump ) a di/9ct %ad[ on ! we/]n side1 be>s ! "n ( ,pico1 tak5 f ! %>p peak 9 ! ,azores ,isl&s4 ,! brok5 mass s\!a/ ( ,pico1 & ne>] ! coa/1 con/itutes ! ,t5]iffe ,m\nta9s4 ,y w notice t t]re/rial geography has be5 drawn ^u 9 ?is case also to supply a "n4 ,/ill f>!r ea/ is a long #8isl&' nam$ ! ,/raight ,range4 ,beyond t1 at ! edge ( ! picture1 appe>s ,cape ,laplace1 at ! we/]n end ( ! #8,bay ( ,ra9b[s4' 8,we n[ turn to ! s\?we/]n bord] ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 9 ! upp] "p ( ! photograph4 ,?is1 z ,i h already po9t$ out1 is skirt$ by ! /eep cliffs ( ! ,ap5n9es = a di/ance ( m ?an #djj miles4 ,opposite ! crat] r+ ,m>co ,polo1 9 ! ,ap5n9es1 y w notice h[ ! floor ( ! #8sea' is upheav$1 conta9+ a great numb] ( irregul>ities1 & "s small peaks4 ,?is w\ld h be5 a dang]\s "p ( ! #8,sea ( ,ra9s' = ! lun> navigators4 ,at ! nor?we/]n corn] ( ?is region lies a l>ge r+ pla91 ) indef9ite light /ripes cross+ its floor1 :i* is nam$ ,ar*im$es4 ,x is ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]4 ,nor?we/ ( x are two small] r+ m\nta9s1 ,ari/illus 7! l>g]7 & ,autolycus4 ,if we c\ld suppose ^! imm5se volcanoes to h be5 9 eruption :5 ^! seas 7 navigable1 imag9e ! magnific5t spectacle t !y w\ld h pres5t$ to anyone approa*+ 9 a %ip f ! direction ( ! /rait betwe5 ! ,ap5n9es & ! ,caucasus4 8,let u n[ pass ?is /rait & ent] ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis4 ,y w admire ! beautiful modulation ( ! bottom1 z %[n 9 ! photograph4 ,light] & d>k] regions are curi\sly int]sp]s$1 & 9 "s places !re are fa9t indications ( t wond]ful lun> _w ( remote antiquity :i* lies buri$ 9 ! grave ( a planet4 ,directly opposite ! op5+ ( ! /rait1 a small1 r\nd1 light spot is se5 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea4 ,?is is ,l9n1 v fam\s = its /range & sugge/ive hi/ory4 ,"h1 if any:]e on ! moon1 *anges visible to human eyes h tak5 place1 &1 9 ! op9ion ( ,pr(essor ,pick]+1 are /ill tak+ place e =tnight4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ! light spot is a m9ute crat]1 & f ?is crat] !re seems to issue "s k9d ( vapor :i* spreads ov] ! surr\nd+ surface1 alt]nately exp&+ & %r9k+ 9 ext5t4 ,a rem>kable *ange 9 ! =m & appe>ance ( ,l9n 0 record$ by ! a/ronom] ,s*midt1 at ,a!ns1 9 #ahff4 ,:at _h occurr$ has be5 expla9$ by "s z ! fall+ 9 ( a crat] floor "s six miles 9 diamet]4 ,b ! obs]vations ( ,pr(essor ,pick]+ are m int]e/+ & sugge/ive4 ,accord+ to him ! bright pat* ab\t ! crat] pit ext5ds dur+ ! lun> night & dim9i%es by day1 indicat+ t some?+ issues f ! pit & is deposit$ ov] ! surr\nd+ pla9 9 ! =m ( ho> fro/1 :i* melts away 9 ! sun%9e4 ,he has ev5 record$ an app>5t expansion ( ! :ite area dur+ a lun> eclipse :5 ! cold %ad[ ( ! e>? t5ds to cond5se ! vapors4 ,if ?is is true x seems r surpris+ t _m m simil> ph5om5a are n visible else:]e4 8,among ! mo/ rem>kable & beautiful features ( ?is photograph are ! w9d+ ridges l half-subm]g$ m\nta9 ranges t appe> on ! sea bottom 9 v>i\s places4 ,notice p>ticul>ly ! long twi/$ *a9 t lies across ! we/]n "p4 ,betwe5 ?is & a %ort] range1 close to ! we/ %ore1 runs a broad1 d>k valley1 ) ! crat] ,dawes ly+ 9 ! middle ( x at ! upp] end4 ,"s ( ^! w9d+ ridges sugge/ by _! %ape & modulation ! action ( wat]4 ,f9ally1 let u return to ! /rait ?r\gh :i* we rec5tly pass$4 ,notice t ! ,ap5n9es & ! ,caucasus look z ?\gh !y _h once =m$ a cont9u\s l9e ( m\nta9s1 :i* has be5 brok5 ?r\gh 9 its c5t]1 leav+ huge buttresses on ea* side1 l ! ,pill>s ( ,h]cules at ! ,/rait ( ,gibralt>80 8,t place has an irresi/ible attraction = me10 said my companion4 8,i _c )hold my imag9ation f pictur+ ! sc5e !re :5 ! wat]s roll$ deep ov] ^? great bottoms1 & :5 :ite-sail$ %ips 7 pass+ & repass+ betwe5 ! t[]+ capes1 c>ry+ ! comm]ce ( opul5t cities situat$ along ^? m>vel\sly picturesque %ores40 8,p]haps10 ,i sugge/$1 8! lun>ians1 :om y h recon/ruct$ 9 y\r fancy1 rea*$1 be=e ! cata/rophe came t end$ _! exi/5ce1 a high] /ate ( civilization ?an ours1 & le>n$ to sub/itute electrically driv5 vessels = :ite-w+$ %ips40 8,t w\ld be l ! introduction ( vulg> /eamboats on ! canals ( ,v5ice10 %e repli$4 8,well10 ,i said1 8?is ends our survey & "o mon? ( photographic j\rney+ on ! moon1 & ,i am glad t y h f9i%$ x ) s pleas+ a vision40 99 99 99 99 99 ,^u p>t+ f my fri5d ,i left ! photographs 9 h] possession4 ,a few weeks lat] ,i receiv$ a lett] f h] 9 :i* %e said3 8,i h be5 /udy+ & re/udy+ ^? wond]ful pictures ( ! moon4 ,i h ord]$ a telescope to be set up 9 my p>k ne> ! elm1 & :5 x is ready ,i wi% y to come & in/ruct me h[ to view ! moon = myself4 ,i believe t ,i am becom+ a le>n$ & en?usia/ic sel5ograph]1 & ^? /range names--,gemma ,frisius1 ,bullialdus1 ,abulf$a1 ,ab5ezra1 ,rabbi ,levi1 ,maurolycus1 ,fra ,mauro1 ,sacrobosco1 ,zagut1 ,ci*us1 ,sulpicius ,gallus--h e/abli%$ _! fasc9ation ov] my m9d4 ,!ophilus no long] t]rifies me ) its =midable aspect1 & ,i sp5d h\rs por+ ov] ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis4 ,b my fancy rema9s fai?ful to ! #8,m>% ( a ,dream1' :i* /ill repres5ts = me ! culm9ation ( lun> ideality4 8,z to life on ! moon1 ,i f9d t ,i _c be satisfi$ ) a m]e grass !ory4 ,i am s well conv9c$ t !re mu/ be some?+ m1 t ,i no long] relegate my lun>ians to an age ant$at+ ! volcanoes4 ,on ! contr>y1 z soon z ,i get my telescope ,i am go+ to look = signs ( !m & _! do+s 9 ! pres5t day1 & willy nilly1 sir1 y h got to aid me 9 ! se>*40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,app5dix ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,app5dix ,,dates1 & age ( ! moon1 :5 ! tw5ty-"o s]ial photographs 7 made at ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory1 by ,mr4 ,wallace1 ) ! #ab-;in* telescope & a special color filt] con/ruct$ by him3 ,no4 #a1 ,febru>y #ai1 #aijd2 ,moon's ,age #c4he ,days ,no4 #b1 ,septemb] #bd1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #c4hg ,days ,no4 #c1 ,july #bi1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #e4ed ,days ,no4 #d1 ,novemb] #bd1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #e4gd ,days ,no4 #e1 ,july #a1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #f4bd ,days ,no4 #f1 ,novemb] #bf1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #g4ge ,days ,no4 #g1 ,july #b1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #g4bd ,days ,no4 #h1 ,augu/ #ca1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #i4bb ,days ,no4 #i1 ,augu/ #b1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #h4ig ,days ,no4 #aj1 ,novemb] #cj1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #aa4gh ,days ,no4 #aa1 ,decemb] #a1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #ab4ih ,days ,no4 #ab1 ,septemb] #d1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #ac4bg ,days ,no4 #ac1 ,septemb] #e1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #ad4dj ,days ,no4 #ad1 ,augu/ #bf1 #aijd2 ,moon's ,age #ae4fe ,days ,no4 #ae1 ,augu/ #bh1 #aijd2 ,moon's ,age #ag4da ,days ,no4 #af1 ,augu/ #bi1 #aijd2 ,moon's ,age #ah4fb ,days ,no4 #ag1 ,octob] #aj1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #bj4jf ,days ,no4 #ah1 ,septemb] #bi1 #aijd2 ,moon's ,age #bj4ej ,days ,no4 #ai1 ,augu/ #af1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #bc4ha ,days ,no4 #bj1 ,augu/ #ag1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #bd4hd ,days ,no4 #ba1 ,augu/ #ai1 #aijc2 ,moon's ,age #bf4hi ,days ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,index ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,index ,ab5ezra1 #bje4 ,abulf$a1 #bjj4 ,air on ! moon1 #bcj4 ,albategnius1 #gh4 ,aliac5sis1 #gh1 #bje4 ,almamon1 #bje4 ,alps1 #ig4 rem>kable valley 91 #bbe4 ,altai ,m\nta9s1 #gb1 #bjj4 *a9 ( small crat]s ne>1 #bjj4 ,animal life on ! moon1 #bbh4 ,ap5n9es1 #aj1 #if1 #ajd1 #acg1 #adc1 #bbb1 #bcb4 ,ap5n9es & ,caucasus1 /rait betwe51 #bcd4 ,apianus1 #bje4 ,ar*im$es1 #adc1 #bcb4 ,ari/>*us1 #aag1 #aec4 a/oni%+ brilliance (1 #aab4 cause ( brilliance (1 #aee4 possible composition (1 #aac4 ,ari/oteles1 #gf1 #ach4 ,atlas1 #gj4 ,atmosph]e1 lun>1 #ca4 disappe>ance (1 #bbh4 :at has become ( x1 #cb4 ,atmosph]es1 h[ !y may gr[ or decrease1 #bcj4 ,azophi1 #bje4 ,b>ry1 #ahi4 8,bay ( ,ra9b[s10 #aji1 #aaa1 #adb1 #aeg1 #aeh4 ,bessel1 #bba4 ,bian*9i1 #aaj4 ,birt1 #ahh4 ,blancanus1 #gh1 #aid4 ,bonpl&1 #ahi4 ,bubbles on ! moon1 #ahf4 ,bullialdus1 #ahj-ahb1 #ahc4 m\nta9s ne>1 #ahc4 ,byrgius1 #adg4 ,calippus1 #bbc4 ,campanus1 #ahe4 ,capuanus1 #ahe1 #aif4 ,c>pa?ian ,m\nta9s1 #bae4 ,cass9i1 #bbe4 ,ca?>9a1 #gb1 #ach1 #aii1 #bjf4 rem>kable valleys ne>1 #aii-bjj4 ,caucasus ,m\nta9s1 #ig1 #bbc4 ,caucasus & ,ap5n9es1 /rait betwe51 #bcd4 8,cav]n life0 on moon1 #bbi4 ,ci*us1 #ahe1 #aif4 ,clavius1 #ii1 #aja1 #adf1 #aib4 l5g? ( great wall (1 #aic4 ,cleft ne> %ore ( ,m>e ,nubium1 #ahf4 ,clefts on moon1 resemblance (1 to geological 8faults10 #ahg4 ,cleom$es1 #ef4 ,color on moon1 #aee4 ,colorado ,caon1 possible lik5ess (1 to cleft on moon1 #aah4 ,cop]nicus1 #ajb1 #baa4 an argum5t = ! volcanic !ory1 #bab4 buri$ r+ ne>1 #bag-bah4 crat] pits ne>1 #bac4 hexagonal =m (1 #bab4 ,crat]s1 lun>1 =mation (1 ascrib$ to fall+ masses1 #bja4 !ory (1 advanc$ by ,w4 ,k4 ,gilb]t1 #bjj4 ,cyrillus1 #gb1 #ach1 #aii1 #bjf1 #baj4 8,d>k woman0 9 moon1 #acc4 ,d>w91 ,pr(4 ,george1 #f4 ,dawes1 #bbd4 ,day & night on moon1 #fc4 ,day on moon1 l5g? (1 #ie4 ,e>?1 light (1 on moon1 #ej4 %ad[ (1 effects (1 z %[n by ,pr(4 ,william ,h4 ,pick]+1 #bh4 %ad[ (1 its size & l5g?1 #ah4 ,eclipse1 lun>1 #ag-ah4 e>?'s atmosph]e &1 #bg4 moon visible dur+1 #bf4 ,eclipses1 lun>1 colors visible dur+1 #bi4 fix hi/oric dates1 #bi4 numb] (1 9 ye>1 #db4 :5 annul>1 #da4 ,eclipses1 :y !y d n occur e mon?1 #ch4 sol>1 diff]5t f lun>1 #bg4 numb] (1 9 ye>1 #db4 :y ( great] sci5tific value ?an lun>1 #bh4 ,endymion1 #gj1 #acb4 ,erato/h5es1 #ajd4 ,eudoxus1 #gf1 #ach4 ,fraca/orius1 #gc4 ,fra ,mauro1 #ahi4 ,full ,moon 9 w9t]1 :y x runs high1 #agj4 ,furn]ius1 #fc4 ,gases1 escape (1 f moon1 #bbi4 f planets1 #cc4 molecul> velocity (1 #cc1 #bbi4 ,gass5di1 #aag4 ,gauricus1 #aif4 ,gay ,lussac1 #baf4 ,gemma ,frisius1 #bjb4 8,geology0 ( moon1 #fg4 8,giantism0 on ! moon1 #aic4 ,gilb]t1 ,w4 ,k41 !ory ( lun> crat]s advanc$ by1 #bjj4 ,gravitation on moon1 #cd-cf4 ,grimaldi1 #aba1 #acb4 ,hmus ,m\nta9s1 #ib1 #bbj4 ,hans51 !ory (1 9 reg>d to ! o!r side ( moon1 #aci4 ,h>b+] ,m\nta9s1 #aah4 8,h>ve/ ,moon10 #aga4 ,heat ( moon comp>$ ) t ( sun1 #afd4 ,hel5 ( ,troy1 #ib4 ,hell1 #aif4 ,h]cules1 #gj4 ,h]odotus1 #aab1 #aeh4 cleft ne>1 #aah4 ,h]s*el1 ,sir ,william1 8 suppos$ discov]y ( active lun> volcano1 #aab4 ,hipp>*us1 #gh4 ,ho> fro/ on moon1 #cd4 8,hunt]'s ,moon10 #aga4 ,inhabitants ( moon1 #ca-cb1 #hh1 #ie4 w\ld n be visible ) mo/ p[]ful telescope1 #abj4 :y !y might be giants1 #aic4 ,kepl]1 #aad1 #ada1 #aeb4 ,kies1 #ahe4 ,lacus ,somniorum1 #ic1 #bai4 ,l&sb]g1 #bag4 ,langr5us1 #ef1 #abc1 #acb4 ,lava floods on moon1 #gc1 #aeb4 ,libration1 effects (1 on visibility ( p>ts ( moon1 #eg-eh1 ,note4 ,life on ! moon1 #bcj4 ,light ( moon comp>$ ) t ( sun1 #afc4 ,l9d5au1 #bjb4 ,l9n1 *anges 91 #bcc4 obs]vations (1 by ,pr(essor ,pick]+1 #bcc4 obs]vations (1 by ,s*midt1 #bcc4 ,loewy & ,puiseux1 op9ion (1 on lun> 8seas10 #bbj4 ,longomontanus1 #aja1 #adf1 #aej1 #aie4 ,lub9iesky1 #ahd4 ,lun> *>ts1 _! relative accuracy1 #afa4 ,lun> hi/ory1 #fb4 ,lun> mon?1 #ab4 ,lun> nom5clature1 #ei1 #adg4 numb] ( objects be>+ names1 #afa4 s+ul>ity (1 #bjc4 ,lun> pla9s1 d>k5+ (1 ne> sunset1 #add4 ,lun> sickle1 rule to det]m9e position (1 #afh4 ,lun> vegetation1 #cb4 ,mag9us1 #ajj1 #adf1 #aif4 ,manilius1 #abb1 #bbb4 ,m>co ,polo1 #bbb4 ,m>e ,crisium1 #eb1 #ee4 ,m>e ,fcunditatis1 #fe4 ,m>e ,frigoris1 #gf4 ,m>e ,humorum1 #ajf1 #aag1 #aej4 ,m>e ,imbrium1 #ajc1 #adb1 #add1 #bbd4 irregul>ities 9 ! floor (1 #bcb4 isl&s 91 #bca4 ,m>e ,nect>is1 #fh1 #ace4 ,m>e ,nubium1 #ajb1 #adh1 #ahj4 ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 #gd1 #ace1 #bai1 #bcb4 bord]+ cliffs (1 #bbj4 ridges 9 ! floor (1 #bcd4 ,m>e ,tranquillitatis1 #gd1 #ace4 ,m>e ,vaporum1 #ajc4 8,m>% ( a ,dream10 #fh1 #ia4 ,mass ( moon1 #ce4 ,maurolycus1 #ge1 #adb1 #bjd4 ,m5elaus1 #ib1 #bba4 ,m]cator1 #ahe4 ,mon?1 lun>1 #ab4 ,moon1 bir? (1 & ,pacific ,ocean1 #f4 di/ance (1 f e>?1 #h4 greate/ di/ance (1 f e>?1 #h4 influ5ce (1 on gr[? ( vegetation1 #afc4 lea/ di/ance (1 f e>?1 #h4 life on1 #bcj4 o!r side (1 #aci4 se5 by daylight1 #adi4 sep>ation (1 f ! e>?1 #f4 turn+ ( same face (1 t[>d e>?1 #ai4 ,moon & e>?quakes1 #afe4 ,moon & ! wea!r1 #afd4 ,moon & volcanoes1 #afe4 8,moon ,maid510 #aj1 #if1 #ajc1 #abb4 ,m\nt ,hadley1 #bbb4 ,new ,moon1 photograph (1 #di4 ,new ,moon & ! wea!r1 #afi4 ,newton1 deepe/ crat] on moon1 #ajg4 ,nicollet1 #ahh4 ,night1 advance (1 ov] moon1 #aca4 l5g? (1 on moon1 #ie4 lun>1 coldness (1 #acf4 ,nodes ( moon & _! revolution1 #ch-ci4 ,oceanus ,procell>um1 #aje1 #aej4 subm]g$ rays 91 #aea4 ,orbit ( moon1 #h4 ,orig9 ( moon1 #f4 ,pacific ,ocean & bir? ( moon1 #f4 ,palus ,somnii1 #fh4 ,pa? ( moon ab\t sun1 #af-ag1 ,note4 ,petavius1 #fb1 #abc4 ,phases ( moon expla9$1 #ac-af4 ,phlgrean ,fields1 #fj4 ,photographs1 lun>1 #dg-di4 9 s]ies1 #eg4 peculi> tone (1 #ade4 :y !y are rev]s$1 #eb4 ,photometry1 lun>1 #aec-aed4 ,piccolom9i1 #gb1 #bjj4 ,pick]+1 ,pr(4 ,william ,h41 obs]vations ( ,l9n by1 #bcc4 on effects ( e>?'s %ad[ on moon1 #bh4 op9ion (1 reg>d+ *anges 9 ,plato1 #bbf4 !ory ( ,ty*o's rays by1 #abf4 ,pico1 #bca4 ,pitatus1 #ahf1 #aie4 ,plato1 #aje1 #aad1 #acb1 #bbe4 *anges obs]v$ 91 op9ion ( ,pr(4 ,william ,h4 ,pick]+ reg>d+1 #bbf4 vegetation 91 #bbg4 ,pl9ius1 #bbd4 ,poetry ( ! moon1 #if4 ,posidonius1 #bbd4 ,prism b9ocul>s = view+ moon1 #abb4 ,proclus1 #fh4 rem>kable brilliance (1 #ij4 ,projectile =ce on moon1 #cg4 ,promontorium n>ium1 #ahi4 ,promontory ,a*]usia1 #bbd4 ,promontory ,h]aclides1 #aji4 ,promontory ,laplace1 #aji4 ,ptolemu1 #ih4 ,py!as1 #baf4 ,rabbi ,levi1 #bjb4 ,re9hold1 #bag4 ,riccioli1 nom5clature (1 = lun> objects1 #fi4 ,r+s1 ranges (1 on moon1 #ig-ih4 ,riphan ,m\nta9s1 #aij4 ,rotation ( moon 8brak$0 by tides1 #bj4 ,rotation ( moon1 illu/rat$1 #ai-bj4 ,sacrobosco1 #bjf4 ,s*ick>d1 #aae4 ,s*midt1 obs]vation ( ,l9n by1 #bcc4 ,s*rt]1 8lun> city0 discov]$ by1 #bah4 8,seas10 lun>1 "* ( b$s (1 #adb4 ,%ad[ ( moon dur+ eclipse1 #dj4 l5g? (1 #dj4 ,%ad[s on moon1 topography reveal$ by1 #ajj-aja4 us$ to measure heights on moon1 #fc4 ,sid]eal revolution ( moon1 #aa4 ,s9us /uum1 #ajc4 ,s9us ,iridum1 #aji4 ,s9us ,m$ii1 #ajc4 ,s9us ,roris1 #aei4 ,size ( moon1 #h4 ,sky z se5 f moon1 #bi4 ,sn[1 c x exi/ on ! moon8 #fi4 ,sn[1 non-exi/5ce (1 on moon1 #fi4 ,s\? pol> region ( moon1 #gg4 ,s\? pole ( moon1 #ajf4 ,/adius1 #bah4 ,/fl]1 #ge4 r[ ( r+s ne>1 #bjd4 8,/raight wall10 #ahg4 ,/rait betwe5 ,ap5n9es & ,caucasus1 #bcd4 ,sulpicius ,gallus1 #bbb4 ,sunrise1 sl[ progress (1 on moon1 #id4 ,sun%9e1 effects (1 :5 v]tical on moon1 #ajj4 ,surface ( moon1 nature (1 #i4 size (1 #i4 ,synodic revolution (1 #aa-ab4 ,tacitus1 #bjj4 ,telescopic p[]1 limits (1 #abj4 ,t5]iffe ,m\nta9s1 #bca4 8,t]m9ator10 mean+ (1 #fc4 ,!tetus1 #bbe4 ,!ophilus1 #ga1 #ach1 #aih1 #bjf4 crat] pits ne>1 #baa4 gr&eur ( appe>ance (1 :5 highly magnifi$1 #bjg4 great m\nta9 fold ne>1 #bjg-bjh4 :at w\ld be se5 f wall (1 ne> sunset1 #bjh4 ,tidal attraction1 =c+ moon away 9 reaction (1 #f4 8,tidal friction10 #bj4 ,tides1 caus+ (1 by moon & sun1 #ba4 effect ( e>?'s rotation on1 #be4 s]vice r5d]$ by1 #bb4 simultane\s occurr5ce (1 on opposite sides ( e>?1 #bc4 :5 highe/1 #ba4 :5 l[e/1 #bb4 ,twilight1 :y none on moon1 #fd4 ,ty*o1 #aj1 #ih1 #ajf1 #adf1 #aia4 longe/ ray (1 #ic1 #bba4 ray sy/em (1 #abd4 rays (1 #ii4 !ory ( ,nasmy?1 #abd-abe4 !ory ( ,pick]+1 #abf4 ,vegetation on moon1 #cb1 #aae1 #adb1 #add1 #bbg4 ,v5del9us1 #ei1 #abc4 ,v5us se5 by daylight1 #adi4 ,v]ne1 ,jules1 8,trip to ! ,moon10 #d4 ,volcanic crat]s on moon1 #fj4 ,volcanoes1 lun>1 #ed4 contra/$ ) ^? ( e>?1 #hd4 effects ( gravitation on size (1 #hf4 ,wat] on ! moon1 #ec4 8,wea!r+0 on ! moon1 #aig4 ,weight on ! moon1 #cf4 ,w]n]1 #gh1 #bje4 ,wilhelm ,i41 #ajb1 #aie4 ,zagut1 #bjb4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,books ,,by ,,g>rett ,p4 ,,s]viss4 ,o!r ,worlds4 ,_! ,nature1 ,possibilities1 & ,habitability 9 ! ,light ( ! ,late/ ,discov]ies4 ,illu/rat$4 #abmo4 ,clo?1 #a4bj net2 po/age1 #aa c5ts additional4 ,?is book pres5ts ! v late/ conclusions 9 reg>d to ! nature & ! habitability ( ! o!r planets4 ,x is writt5 9 popul> /yle1 &1 at ! same "t1 is sci5tifically accurate 9 its /atem5ts4 ,x is a conv5i5t h&book ( in=mation conc]n+ ! sol> sy/em1 b by no means a dry1 sci5tific treatise on ! subject4 ,x might be said to resemble ,proctor's celebrat$ 8,o!r ,worlds ?an ,ours0 br\ght up to date4 ,! la/ *apt]1 on 8,h[ to ,f9d ! ,planets10 is unique & %\ld prove v useful4 ,pleasures ( ! ,telescope4 ,a ,descriptive ,guide = ,amateur ,a/ronom]s & all ,lov]s ( ! ,/>s4 ,illu/rat$ ) *>ts ( ! heav5s & ) draw+s ( ! planets & *>ts ( ! moon4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #a4ej4 8,?is is a book :i* w give int5se pleasure to ev]yone :o uses x & foll[s its cle> in/ructions40--,l\isville ,c\ri]-,j\rnal4 8,e p]son ( culture %\ld possess at lea/ a pass+ acqua9tance ) ! planets1 />s1 & con/ellations4 ,) a little pati5ce & comp>atively small ef=t ,mr4 ,s]viss's new book w enable anyone to obta9 ?is k40--,los ,angeles ,h]ald4 ,a/ronomy ) an ,op]a-,glass4 ,a ,popul> ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ! ,/>ry ,heav5s ) ! ,simple/ ( ,optical ,in/rum5ts4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #a4ej4 8,we are glad to welcome ?is popul> introduction to ! /udy ( ! heav5s4444 ,!re c\ld h>dly be a m pleasant road to a/ronomical k ?an x af=ds4444 ,a *ild may und]/& ! text1 :i* reads m l a collection ( anecdotes ?an any?+ else1 b ?is does n m> its sci5tific value40--,nature4 ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company1 ,,new ,,york4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,books ,,on ,,a/ronomy4 ,popul> ,a/ronomy4 ,a ,g5]al ,description ( ! ,heav5s4 ,by ,,camille ,,flamm>ion4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,j4 ,ell>d ,gore1 ,f4,r4,a4,s4 ,new ,revis$ ,edition4 ,) #c ,plates & #bhh ,illu/rations4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #d4ej4 ,! au?or is ! mo/ popul> sci5tific writ] 9 ,france1 & ! pres5t "w 0 consid]$ ( su* m]it t ! ,montyon ,prize ( ! ,fr5* ,academy 0 aw>d$ to x4 ,! subject is treat$ 9 a v popul> /yle1 & ! 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