,,mammo? ,,hot ,,spr+s ,,area ,,yell[/one ,,national ,,p>k ,,welcome to ! ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+ ,t]races1 "o ( ,yell[/one's fasc9at+ natural features6 ,!re are sev]al ways to enjoy ! t]races--hike ! bo>dwalks or drive ! ,upp] ,t]race ,loop road1 = example4 ,y may wi% to drive to ! ,upp] ,t]race ,loop1 drop (f memb]s ( y\r p>ty1 let !m hike d[n ! bo>dwalk & pick !m up at ! l[] p>k+ area4 ,! maps 9 ?is pamphlet w help y decide h[ y might be/ enjoy ! t]races4 ,! ,mammo? ,t]races & ,hot ,spr+s 7 (ficially discov]$ by a ,u4,s4 ,geological ,survey p>ty l$ by ,dr4 ,f]d9& ,hayd5 9 #ahga4 ,h[ev]1 "s local k ( ! ,hot ,spr+ ,t]races & _! activity _h exi/$ previ\s to t "t4 ,! ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s h int]e/$ p s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 n only = _! /rik+ beauty b also _! *angeability4 ,^! rem>kable spr+s are not$ = _! rapid deposition1 unpr$ictable %ifts1 & r&om rejuv5ation4 ,"h ! active =ces ( geology (t5 make measurable *anges f "o day to ! next1 & x is possible t significant *anges h occurr$ s9ce ?is booklet 0 pr9t$4 ,,+r$i5ts ,,= ,,hot ,,spr+s ,,activity ,hot wat] is ! life ( ! t]races4 ,)\t x t]race gr[? ceases2 ! =mations wea!r gray & black1 & beg9 to crumble4 ,typically ! _m hot spr+s gu% =? at r&om1 fl[ a %ort way1 !n disappe> into a crack or fissure f>!r d[n slope4 ,9 se>*+ ar\nd ! ,mammo? area old dormant t]race m\nds c be f\nd 9 sev]al places4 ,al?\gh a frequ5t %ift+ seems to take place1 ! records ov] ! pa/ sev]al ye>s indicate t ! total fl[ ( wat] has rema9$ fairly con/ant at "s #ejj gallons p] m9ute4 ,gr\nd wat] is ! s\rce ( ! outfl[ at ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s4 ,x is mo/ly seepage f$ by ra9 & sn[ fall+ high on ! slopes ( ,t]race ,m\nta9 & areas z f> s\? z ,norris ,geys] ,bas94 ,?is cold gr\nd wat] is heat$ be=e x em]ges to ! surface by ris+ heat f ! magma *amb] :i* once fuel$ ! viol5t volcanos ( ,yell[/one's pa/4 ,see ! diagram on ! rev]se ( ?is leaflet4 ,! wat] temp]ature 9 ^! spr+s rea*es ! vic9ity ( #agj ,f 7#gc ,c47 ,yet /ill ano!r +r$i5t is ne$$ = gr[? ( ! t]races--t is1 a basic build+ mat]ial4 ,! raw mat]ial "h is calcium c>bonate4 ,x is abundant b5ea? ,t]race ,m\nta9 z ?ick lay]s ( s$im5t>y lime/one4 ,relat$ lay]s ( lime/one are visible z outcrops on ! face ( ,mt4 ,ev]ts across ! n>r[ valley to ! ea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,diff]5t temp]ature zones 9 ! wat] *annels pa9t ribbons ( algal color4 ,z ! gr\nd wat] seeps sl[ly d[nw>d into ! lime/one x comes 9 contact ) hot gases ris+ f ! magma *amb] :i* are heavily *>g$ ) c>bon dioxide4 ,"s ( ! c>bon dioxide is readily absorb$ to =m a c>bonic acid solution4 ,ord9>ily wat] c only sl[ly dissolve lime/one1 b ! hot1 acidic solution rapidly dissolves great quantities ( x4 ,saturat$ ) lime1 ! c>bonat$ wat] cont9ues to seep along ! rock lay]s until x gu%es =? z ! ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s4 ,once expos$ to ! op5 air "s ( ! c>bon dioxide escapes f ! solution1 ?us r$uc+ ! acidic level4 ,z ?is happ5s1 ! lime1 no long] able to rema9 9 solution1 is deposit$ z trav]t9e 9 ! %ape & =m ( a t]race4 ,look+ at ! t]races y c visualize ! am\nt ( lime/one excavat$4 ,geologi/s e/imate t ! ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s wat] c>ries m ?an two tons ( dissolv$ lime/one to ! gr\nd surface ea* day4 ,,*ange ,,on ,,! ,,mammo? ,,t]race ,! ,mammo? ,t]races are cont9u\sly *ang+4 ,_h y visit$ ! area 9 ! #aicj's1 y w\ld h f\nd ,blue ,spr+1 ,cleopatra1 & ,angel ,t]races to be ! feature attractions4 ,today !y /& z gray1 lifeless ru9s1 & newly nam$ spr+s h succe$$ !m4 ,?r\gh\t ! #aigj's ,jupit] & ,m9]va ,spr+s & p>ts ( ,highl& ,t]race h fl[$ freely1 build+ delicate & colorful t]races4 ,^! cle> pools1 rimm$ by scallops ( algae-t9t$ trav]t9e1 h creat$ spectacles kn[n ar\nd ! _w = _! beauty4 ,! ti]$ pools =m z a result ( ! peculi> way 9 :i* ! c>bon dioxide escapes f ! cool+ wat]4 ,9 tranquil pools evaporation is sl[4 ,:]e wat] is agitat$ ! gas escapes quickly4 ,at ^! po9ts trav]t9e is deposit$ rapidly4 ,! rim ( deposition gr[s upw>d to =m a high] dam1 :i* fur!r acc5ts ! two zones4 ,! trav]t9e rim cont9ues to gr[ until wat] pressure bur/s ! dam4 ,!n ! process beg9s aga9 at a prom95t riffle 9 ! new *annel4 ,,color ,,9 ,,! ,,hot ,,spr+s ,trav]t9e is deposit$ z a :ite m9]al1 yet :5ev] hot wat] gli/5s on its surface ! =mation is brilliant ) color4 ,! oranges1 yell[s1 gre5s & br[ns are f a great numb] ( t9y liv+ bact]ia & algae4 ,approximately sixty-five species ( !rmal algae live 9 ! wat]s ( ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s & reflect v>y+ conditions ( su* environm5tal factors z temp]ature1 acidity1 sunlight & c>bon dioxide conc5trations4 ,:ite & bright yell[ !rmal bact]ia pr$om9ate 9 ! hotte/ section ( ! run(f *annels ne> ! spr+s4 ,f>!r along :]e ! wat] has cool$ a bit1 ! orange1 br[n & gre5 algaes are mo/ abundant4 ,diff]5t comb9ations ( temp]ature & c>bon dioxide pa9t mosaics ( algal color across ! t]races4 ,mo/ ( ! color comes f ! gr\p kn[n z ! blue-gre5 algae1 :i* display m colors ?an _! "n sugge/s4 ,^! !rmal algae are extremely primitive & h probably *ang$ little f ^? gr[+ 9 hot spr+s at ! v dawn ( life on e>?4 ,amid any ,yell[/one !rmal bas9 on a /eamy day x is easy to imag9e a volcanic region on a primitive e>? :]e hot spr+ wat]s bubbl$ up ?r\gh color$ /r&s ( ^! same types ( algae & bact]ia4 ,,major ,,features ,,( ,,! ,,l[] ,,t]races ,,opal ,,t]race ,opal ,spr+ fl[s at ! base ( ,capitol ,hill across ! road f ,lib]ty ,cap4 ,aft] ye>s ( dormancy1 ?is spr+ became active 9 #aibf & began deposit+ up to a foot ( trav]t9e p] ye>4 ,9 #aidg a t5nis c\rt 0 remov$ to all[ natural expansion ( ! t]race4 ,fur!r gr[? ?reat5$ ! hi/oric home next to ,opal4 ,design$ by ,rob]t ,c4 ,ream] & built 9 #aijh1 ! h\se is an example ( ,prairie ,/yle ar*itecture4 ,among ,ream]'s o!r designs are ! ,old ,fai?ful ,inn & ! ,roosevelt ,ar*4 ,s&bags & an e>!n wall today protect ! h\se4 ,x is ! mission ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice to protect bo? hi/orical & natural res\rces1 :i* come 9 conflict at ,opal ,t]race4 ,%\ld ! spr+ be re/ra9$ or ! hi/oric h\se remov$8 ,,lib]ty ,,cap ,?is feature m>ks ! nor? end ( ! ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s4 ,x 0 nam$ 9 #ahga by ! ,hayd5 ,survey p>ty because ( its m>k$ resemblance to ! caps worn by colonial patriots dur+ ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,x /&s today z an ext9ct hot spr+ cone4 ,its out] surface has be5 cool & dry = _m ye>s & supports a plant community mu* diff]5t f t f\nd at ! active hot spr+s4 ,ne> ! top are pat*es ( orange li*5 :i* are ! pione]s at "w break+ ! rock into soil1 pav+ ! way = o!r plants to foll[ at "s future "t4 ,,please ,,/ay ,,on ,,! ,,trail z wea!r+ has loos5$ rock fragm5ts :i* may fall at any "t4 ,,m9]va ,,spr+ ,m9]va ,spr+ is c5trally locat$ )9 ! l[] t]race gr\p & is easily accessible by trail f ! v>i\s p>k+ areas4 ,?is spr+ is a favorite n only because ( its wide range ( bright colors1 b also = its ornate trav]t9e =mations4 ,s9ce ! #ahij's :5 ! fir/ records 7 kept on ! activity ( ! ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s1 ,m9]va has gone ?r\gh a s]ies ( active & inactive p]iods4 ,= sev]al ye>s 9 ! e>ly #aijj's x 0 completely dry1 b by #aiea x 0 aga9 report$ t 8,m9]va is v active & c]ta9ly x is ! mo/ beautiful spr+40 ,dur+ ! #aigj's spr+ activity has increas$ 9 "s ( ! o!r features reg5]at+ algae mats :i* n[ rival ^? f\nd at ,m9]va4 ,,jupit] ,,spr+ ,jupit] ,spr+ is situat$ j s\? ( ,m9]va4 ,x 0 nam$ 9 ! #ahhj's because ( its impos+ & t[]+ =mation4 ,jupit] 0 a ,roman god ( ! elem5ts3 ! ?und]bolt 0 8 sign & ! ra9b[ 8 mess5g]4 ,if y li/5 quietly y may he> ! hot wat] ?und]+ d[n ! t]races ( ?is feature4 ,! ra9b[ ( algae cov]+ its t]races is obvi\s4 ,,auto ,,t\r ,,( ,,! ,,upp] ,,t]race ,! entrance to ! ,mammo? ,t]race ,drive is "o & "o-half miles s\? ( ! ,mammo? ,visitor ,c5t] on ! road to ,norris4 ,?is sc5ic auto t\r w9ds = "o & "o-half miles among sev]al active !rmal spr+s & has conv5i5t p>k+ pull-outs along ! r\te :]e y c /op & become bett] acqua9t$ ) ! features4 ,! drive is a "o-way loop road & due to sev]al %>p turns x is necess>y to exclude t[+ units1 buses & motor homes 9 excess ( #be feet 9 l5g?4 ,rememb] t ?9 cru/ & v hot wat] make caution especially important :5 y are ne> !rmal features4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mammo? ,,hot ,,spr+s ,,area ,l[] ,t]races ,,can>y ,,spr+ ,,ma9 ,,t]race ,,new ,,blue ,,spr+ ,,jupit] ,,t]race ,,naiad ,,spr+ ,,m9]va ,,t]race ,,res]voir ,,spr+ ,,cav]n ,,spr+ ,,devil',s ,,?umb ,,lib]ty ,,cap ,,opal ,,t]race ,,upp] ,,t]race ,,drive ,,norris ,,& ,,upp] ,,t]race ,,drive ,,mammo? ,,village ,,l[] ,,t]race ,,ov]look ,?is viewpo9t (f]s an excell5t ov]view ( ! spr+s & pools ( ! ,l[] ,t]races4 ,! l>ge blue pool ahead & to ! "r is ,can>y ,spr+4 ,! pools visible to ! left are ! ,new ,blue ,spr+s complex4 ,! names ( ^! features sugge/ colors :i* are inconsi/5t ) :at we see today4 ,! color ( bo? features has *ang$ f :5 !y 7 orig9ally nam$4 ,*anges 9 environm5tal conditions may acc\nt = ?is3 p]haps a *ange 9 wat] temp]ature4 ,! trail to ! left goes ar\nd ,new ,blue ,spr+ & on d[n ov] ! t]races to ,m9]va ,spr+4 ,ne> t po9t ! trail bran*es to ! "r to ,jupit] ,spr+ & pa/ ,m9]va itself1 or left to ,lib]ty ,cap4 ,bo? r\tes lead to p>k+ areas along ! l[] road4 ,beyond ! t]races ! r$-ro($ build+s on ! "r are ^? ( hi/oric ,=t ,yell[/one1 built & occupi$ by ! ,u4,s4 ,cavalry dur+ _! t\r ( duty "h f #ahhf to #aiah4 ,! ecological community 9 ?is section ( ! upp] t]races is wor? not+4 ,! high cont5t ( decay$ trav]t9e produces a por\s soil :i* dries out quickly4 ,consequ5tly1 vegetation is sp>se & is limit$ to ^? species :i* are tol]ant ( su* conditions4 ,sev]al v>iations may be se5 9 ! plant communities at o!r po9ts along ! t\r road4 ,:at environm5tal conditions c y detect t might be influ5c+ ^! diff]5ces8 ,,new ,,highl& ,,spr+ ,activity began at ,new ,highl& ,spr+ 9 #aieb4 ,! cont9u\s heavy fl[ ( m9]al lad5 wat] has caus$ a v rapid developm5t ( ?is beautiful t]race4 ,prior to t "t a luxuriant gr[? ( trees1 %rubs & fl[]s cov]$ ?is hillside4 ,! tree skeletons be+ engulf$ by trav]t9e /& z monum5ts to ! =m] conditions4 ,to ! "r ( ,new ,highl& /ill /&s a portion ( d5se vegetative cov] gr[+ on a nor? fac+ slope4 ,mo/ noticeable ^u close inspection is ! am\nt ( und]gr[?1 :i* includes a heavy gr[? ( mosses4 ,:at soil & moi/ure conditions are reflect$ "h8 ,:y w\ld ?is area be s diff]5t8 ,,orange ,,m\nd ,,spr+ ,! bright orange ( ?is =mation is a clue to ! temp]ature ( its wat]4 ,also1 ! rate ( fl[ & ! rate ( deposition are v sl[4 ,x c\ld foll[ !n t s9ce we h no record ( ?is spr+ ev] be+ v active1 ?is small m\nd c\ld be consid]ably old] ?an ^? t are mu* l>g]4 ,,ba? ,,lake ,j ahead ( y is a %ort b v /eep hill4 ,at ! bottom ( ?is hill on ! "r is ,ba? ,lake1 nam$ by "s ( ! local resid5ts 9 ! #ahhj's4 ,be+ a quiet pool1 deposition ( trav]t9e is at a sl[ rate & ! wat] rema9s highly m9]aliz$ ) lime/one4 ,accord+ to ! old records ,ba? ,lake 0 entirely dry 9 #aibf & rema9$ t way until ! #aiei e>?quake4 ,al?\gh ! "n ( ?is feature d]ives f ! soldi]s' habit ( swimm+ 9 x1 we n[ "k t ?is activity damages ! bact]ia & algae :i* are "p ( :at ! p>k exi/s to pres]ve4 ,ba?+ 9 !rmal features is also unsafe & unlawful4 ,,:ite ,,elephant ,,back ,,t]race ,?is long :ite ridge is unusual = a hot spr+ t]race & adds a t\* ( fantasy to ! area4 ,someone has said t x resembles a /r+ ( circus elephants m>*+ ov] ! ,mammo? ,t]races4 ,take ! "t to view x f diff]5t angles to see :at y ?9k6 ,! f9al section ( ! ,upp] ,t]race ,drive goes ?r\gh a wood$ area4 ,mule de] are frequ5tly se5 "h1 especially dur+ ! late aft]noon & ev5+4 ,=e/ vegetation along ?is section is d5se ev5 ?\gh x a s\?-fac+ slope4 ,! !rmal features 9 ?is vic9ity are old & h be5 inactive = _m ye>s4 ,?is has all[$ = a m complete decomposition ( ! trav]t9e & an accumulation ( a heavi]1 ri*] soil4 ,its moi/ure-hold+ prop]ties f> exce$ ^? ( ! soil f\nd at ! ,l[] ,t]race ,ov]look4 ,,angel ,,t]race ,at ! bottom ( ! hill on ! left are ! ru9s ( ,angel ,t]race4 ,visitors dur+ ! #aibj's & #cj's saw x z a beautiful algae-t9t$ feature4 ,today x is beg9n+ to crumble & "y pione] plants are tak+ root 9 ! ?9 soil ov] its surface4 ,alt]ation & *ange are con/antly occurr+ 9 ! !rmal bas9s & add to ! my/]y ( ?is fasc9at+ l&4 ,!y br+ n de/ruction & loss1 b r new bir? & ga94 ,:o kn[s :at int]e/+ ornate new features may develop by next ye>1 or 9 five ye>s4 ,y are enc\rag$ to return aga9 & aga9 to enjoy ?is ev]-*ang+ sc5e4 ,= y\r safety & ! protection ( ! fragile features1 ,,please ,,/ay ,,on ,,! ,,trails4 ,pets are n p]mitt$ on ! trails1 = _! protection & y\rs4 ,,em]g5cy ,,phone #cdd-gcha ,illu/ration3 ,,mammo? ,,hot ,,spr+s ,,area ,,yell[/one ,,national ,,p>k ,,:ite ,,elephant ,,back ,,t]race ,,ba? ,,lake ,,orange ,,spr+ ,,m\nd ,,new ,,highl& ,,spr+ ,,angel ,,t]race ,,cupid ,,spr+ ,,l[] ,,t]race ,,ov]look ,,new ,,blue ,,spr+s ,,can>y ,,spr+s ,,jupit] ,,spr+s ,,m9]va ,,spr+ ,,palette ,,spr+ ,,opal ,,t]race ,,cav]n ,,spr+s ,,res]voir ,,spr+s ,,lib]ty ,,cap 7,,"o ,,way7 ,,no ,,trail]s ,,or ,,busses ,,norris #ba ,,miles ,,trails ,,9 ,,r$ ,,picnic ,,tables ,,beav] ,,ponds ,,trail 7#f mile loop7 ,,photo ,,%op ,,s]vice ,,/ation ,,g5]al ,,/ore ,,phone ,,re/aurant ,,mammo? ,,motor ,,inn ,,& ,,cab9s ,,visitor ,,c5t] ,,*apel ,,t[] ,,roosevelt #ah ,,miles ,,horse ,,r5tal ,,old ,,road ,,to ,,g>d9] 7,,"o ,,way1 ,,gravel7 ,,ice ,,v5dor ,,po/ ,,(fice ,,cl9ic ,,adm94 ,,bldg4 ,,campgr\nd ,,phone ,,nor? ,,entrance #e ,,miles ,wat] fall+ on areas s\? ( ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s seeps into lime/one /rata4 wat] c>bon dioxide mild c>bonic acid2 ?is dissolves lime/one ,c>bon dioxide gas rises f magma4 magma ,hot m9]al spr+s fl[ f cracks4 fault zone ,gas 7ma9ly c>bon dioxide7 escapes--lime/one 7trav]t9e7 =ms ,bo>d walk ,! ,yell[/one ,association ,illu/ration3 ,,national ,,p>k ,,s]vice ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior ,?is guide 0 publi%$ = y\r use by ,! ,yell[/one ,association = ,natural ,sci5ce1 ,hi/ory ,education1 ,inc4 9 coop]ation ) ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior4 ,! ,yell[/one ,association is a non-pr(it organization d$icat$ to s]vice to ! p>k & its visitors4 ,y\r donation w be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,= in=mation ab\t o!r pamphlets1 books1 & maps p]ta9+ to ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k or ,association memb]%ip & educational activities1 write to ,p4,o4 ,box #aag1 ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 ,wyom+ #hbaij4 pr9t$ on recycl$ pap] ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,sil5tly correct$ a few typos4 --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4